bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial evaluating serial protein C levels in severe sepsis patients treated with variable doses of drotrecogin alfa (activated)
Authors: Shorr Andrew F , Janes Jonathan M , Artigas Antonio , Tenhunen Jyrki , Wyncoll Duncan LA , Mercier Emmanuelle , Francois Bruno , Vincent Jean-Louis , Vangerow Burkhard , Heiselman Darell , Leishman Amy G , Zhu Yajun E , Reinhart Konrad ,   the RESPOND investigators
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Serial alterations in protein C levels appear to correlate with disease severity in patients with severe sepsis, and it may be possible to tailor severe sepsis therapy with the use of this biomarker. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose and duration of drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment using serial measurements of protein C compared to standard therapy in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods
This was a phase 2 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Adult patients with two or more sepsis-induced organ dysfunctions were enrolled. Protein C deficient patients were randomized to standard therapy (24 μg/kg/hr infusion for 96 hours) or alternative therapy (higher dose and/or variable duration; 24/30/36 μg/kg/hr for 48 to 168 hours). The primary outcome was a change in protein C level in the alternative therapy group, between study Day 1 and Day 7, compared to standard therapy.

Results
Of 557 patients enrolled, 433 patients received randomized therapy; 206 alternative, and 227 standard. Baseline characteristics of the groups were largely similar. The difference in absolute change in protein C from Day 1 to Day 7 between the two therapy groups was 7% (P = 0.011). Higher doses and longer infusions were associated with a more pronounced increase in protein C level, with no serious bleeding events. The same doses and longer infusions were associated with a larger increase in protein C level; higher rates of serious bleeding when groups received the same treatment; but no clear increased risk of bleeding during the longer infusion. This group also experienced a higher mortality rate; however, there was no clear link to infusion duration.

Conclusions
The study met its primary objective of increased protein C levels in patients receiving alternative therapy demonstrating that variable doses and/or duration of drotrecogin alfa (activated) can improve protein C levels, and also provides valuable information for incorporation into potential future studies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00386425.
Activity map of the tammar X chromosome shows that marsupial X inactivation is incomplete and escape is stochastic
Authors: Al Nadaf Shafagh , Waters Paul D , Koina Edda , Deakin Janine E , Jordan Kristen S , Graves Jennifer AM 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background
X chromosome inactivation is a spectacular example of epigenetic silencing. In order to deduce how this complex system evolved, we examined X inactivation in a model marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). In marsupials, X inactivation is known to be paternal, incomplete and tissue-specific, and occurs in the absence of an XIST orthologue.

Results
We examined expression of X-borne genes using quantitative PCR, revealing a range of dosage compensation for different loci. To assess the frequency of 1X- or 2X-active fibroblasts, we investigated expression of 32 X-borne genes at the cellular level using RNA-FISH. In female fibroblasts, two-color RNA-FISH showed that genes were coordinately expressed from the same X (active X) in nuclei in which both loci were inactivated. However, loci on the other X escape inactivation independently, with each locus showing a characteristic frequency of 1X-active and 2X-active nuclei, equivalent to stochastic escape. We constructed an activity map of the tammar wallaby inactive X chromosome, which identified no relationship between gene location and extent of inactivation, nor any correlation with the presence or absence of a Y-borne paralog.

Conclusions
In the tammar wallaby, one X (presumed to be maternal) is expressed in all cells, but genes on the other (paternal) X escape inactivation independently and at characteristic frequencies. The paternal and incomplete X chromosome inactivation in marsupials, with stochastic escape, appears to be quite distinct from the X chromosome inactivation process in eutherians. We find no evidence for a polar spread of inactivation from an X inactivation center.
Homoeolog-specific retention and use in allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica depends on parent of origin and network partners
Authors: Chang Peter L , Dilkes Brian P , McMahon Michelle , Comai Luca , Nuzhdin Sergey V 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background
Allotetraploids carry pairs of diverged homoeologs for most genes. With the genome doubled in size, the number of putative interactions is enormous. This poses challenges on how to coordinate the two disparate genomes, and creates opportunities by enhancing the phenotypic variation. New combinations of alleles co-adapt and respond to new environmental pressures. Three stages of the allopolyploidization process - parental species divergence, hybridization, and genome duplication - have been well analyzed. The last stage of evolutionary adjustments remains mysterious.

Results
Homoeolog-specific retention and use were analyzed in Arabidopsis suecica (As), a species derived from A. thaliana (At) and A. arenosa (Aa) in a single event 12,000 to 300,000 years ago. We used 405,466 diagnostic features on tiling microarrays to recognize At and Aa contributions to the As genome and transcriptome: 324 genes lacked Aa contributions and 614 genes lacked At contributions within As. In leaf tissues, 3,458 genes preferentially expressed At homoeologs while 4,150 favored Aa homoeologs. These patterns were validated with resequencing. Genes with preferential use of Aa homoeologs were enriched for expression functions, consistent with the dominance of Aa transcription. Heterologous networks - mixed from At and Aa transcripts - were underrepresented.

Conclusions
Thousands of deleted and silenced homoeologs in the genome of As were identified. Since heterologous networks may be compromised by interspecies incompatibilities, these networks evolve co-biases, expressing either only Aa or only At homoeologs. This progressive change towards predominantly pure parental networks might contribute to phenotypic variability and plasticity, and enable the species to exploit a larger range of environments.
A scalable, fully automated process for construction of sequence-ready human exome targeted capture libraries
Authors: Fisher Sheila , Barry Andrew , Abreu Justin , Minie Brian , Nolan Jillian , Delorey Toni M , Young Geneva , Fennell Timothy J , Allen Alexander , Ambrogio Lauren , Berlin Aaron M , Blumenstiel Brendan , Cibulskis Kristian , Friedrich Dennis , Johnson Ryan , Juhn Frank , Reilly Brian , Shammas Ramy , Stalker John , Sykes Sean M , Thompson Jon , Walsh John , Zimmer Andrew , Zwirko Zac , Gabriel Stacey , Nicol Robert , Nusbaum Chad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGenome targeting methods enable cost-effective capture of specific subsets of the genome for sequencing. We present here an automated, highly scalable method for carrying out the Solution Hybrid Selection capture approach that provides a dramatic increase in scale and throughput of sequence-ready libraries produced. Significant process improvements and a series of in-process quality control checkpoints are also added. These process improvements can also be used in a manual version of the protocol.
Differential fate and functional outcome of lithium chloride primed adult neural progenitor cell transplants in a rat model of Huntington disease
Authors: Vazey Elena M , Connor Bronwen 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The ability to predetermine the fate of transplanted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and specifically to direct their maturation has the potential to enhance the efficiency of cell-transplantation therapy for neurodegenerative disease. We previously demonstrated that transient exposure of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived adult NPCs to lithium chloride during in vitro proliferation alters differential fate in vitro and increases the proportion of cells expressing neuronal markers while reducing glial progeny. To extend these findings, we examined whether in vitro priming of adult SVZ-derived NPCs with lithium chloride before transplantation into the quinolinic acid (QA) lesion rat model of Huntington disease altered in vivo neuronal differentiation and sensorimotor function compared with nonprimed NPC transplants.

Methods
NPCs were isolated from the SVZ of the adult rat brain and cultured for 2 weeks. Four days before transplantation into the QA-lesioned rat striatum, the cells were labeled with BrdU and primed with lithium chloride. The rats underwent regular evaluation of forelimb use and sensorimotor neglect to establish functional effects of NPC transplantation. Twelve weeks after transplantation, the brains were analyzed with immunohistochemistry to compare the differential fate of primed and nonprimed NPCs.

Results
We observed that in vitro priming of adult NPCs with lithium chloride reduced gliogenesis and enhanced the occurrence of DARPP-32-positive neurons when compared with nonprimed cells 12 weeks after transplantation into the QA-lesioned striatum. Lithium chloride priming also augmented the formation of efferent projections from newly formed neurons in the damaged host striatum to the globus pallidus. This was associated with acceleration of sensorimotor function recovery in rats receiving transplants of lithium chloride-primed adult NPCs compared with nonprimed transplants.

Conclusions
These initial findings indicate that in vitro priming of adult NPCs with lithium chloride may augment transplant efficiency and accelerate sensorimotor function outcome in vivo.
Systemic inflammation and fracture healing
Authors: Bastian Okan , Pillay Janesh , Alblas Jacqueline , Leenen Luke , Koenderman Leo , Blokhuis Taco 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTApart from their pivotal role in the host defense against pathogens, leukocytes are also essential for bone repair, as fracture healing is initiated and directed by a physiological inflammatory response. Leukocytes infiltrate the fracture hematoma and produce several growth and differentiation factors that regulate essential downstream processes of fracture healing. Systemic inflammation alters the numbers and properties of circulating leukocytes, and we hypothesize that these changes are maintained in tissue leukocytes and will lead to impairment of fracture healing after major trauma. The underlying mechanisms will be discussed in this review.
Unmeasured Costs of a Child's Death: Perceived Financial Burden, Work Disruptions, and Economic Coping Strategies Used by American and Australian Families Who Lost Children to Cancer
Authors: Dussel Veronica , Bona Kira , Heath John A. , Hilden Joanne M. , Weeks Jane C. , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: January 2011

Purpose Financial concerns represent a major stressor for families of children with cancer but remain poorly understood among those with terminally ill children. We describe the financial hardship, work disruptions, income loss, and coping strategies of families who lost children to cancer. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional survey of 141 American and 89 Australian bereaved parents whose children died between 1990 and 1999 and 1996 to 2004, respectively, at three tertiary-care pediatric hospitals (two American, one Australian). Response rate: 63%. Results Thirty-four (24%) of 141 families from US centers and 34 (39%) of 88 families from the Australian center reported a great deal of financial hardship resulting from their children's illness. Work disruptions were substantial (84% in the United States, 88% in Australia). Australian families were more likely to report quitting a job (49% in Australia v 35% in the United States; P = .037). Sixty percent of families lost more than 10% of their annual income as a result of work disruptions. Australians were more likely to lose more than 40% of their income (34% in Australia v 19% in the United States; P = .035). Poor families experienced the greatest income loss. After accounting for income loss, 16% of American and 22% of Australian families dropped below the poverty line. Financial hardship was associated with poverty and income loss in all centers. Fundraising was the most common financial coping strategy (52% in the United States v 33% in Australia), followed by reduced spending. Conclusion In these US and Australian centers, significant household-level financial effects of a child's death as a result of cancer were observed, especially for poor families. Interventions aimed at reducing the effects of income loss may ease financial distress.
Familial Mortality and Familial Incidence in Cancer
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Sundquist Jan , Brandt Andreas 
Published: January 2011

PurposeAn overwhelming majority of data on familial risk in cancer is based on incident cancer, whereas familiality in cancer mortality is largely unknown. If fatal form of cancer was a highly familial subtype, then familial risk for mortality may exceed that of incidence, which would be particularly relevant for clinical decision making and counseling.Patients and MethodsThe individuals in the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database were classified according to family history of fatal and nonfatal cancer. Familial risks of incident and fatal concordant cancer were calculated for offspring based on their parental family history using a Cox model with hazard ratio (HR); offspring without family history were the reference.ResultsMost HRs for offspring incident cancers were somewhat higher for fatal compared with nonfatal parental family history. For breast (HR, 1.87 fatal v 1.66 nonfatal; P < .001) and prostate (HR, 2.30 fatal v 1.84 nonfatal; P < .001) cancers, 51.0% of patients with familial breast cancer and 56.6% of patients with prostate cancer had fatal family history. HRs for death in offspring according to a fatal compared with nonfatal family history were significantly increased for colorectal (HR, 1.76 v 1.47, respectively; P = .02), breast (HR, 1.97 v 1.51, respectively; P = .002), and prostate (HR, 2.03 v 1.59, respectively; P = .002) cancers. TNM classification did not seem to differ between the family histories. We showed also that an overwhelming proportion of offspring were diagnosed after the parental death.ConclusionFamilial breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers might have a yet unidentified genetic component associated with poorer survival. It may be useful to record survival data in family history records.
Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ensor Christopher R , Paciullo Christopher A , Cahoon William D , Nolan Paul E 
Published: January 2011

Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacotherapy associated with the provision of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to patients with end-stage heart failure and guidance regarding the selection, assessment, and optimization of drug therapy for this population. Data Sources: The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from 1960 to July 2010 for articles published in English using the search terms mechanical circulatory support, ventricular assist system, ventricular assist device, left ventricular assist device, right ventricular assist device, biventricular assist device, total artificial heart, pulsatile, positive displacement, axial, centrifugal, hemostasis, bleeding, hemodynamic, blood pressure, thrombosis, antithrombotic therapy, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, right ventricular failure, ventricular arrhythmia, anemia, arteriovenous malformation, stroke, infection, and clinical pharmacist. Study Selection And Data Extraction: All relevant original studies, metaanalyses, systematic reviews, guidelines, and reviews were assessed for inclusion. References from pertinent articles were examined for content not found during the initial search. Data Synthesis: MCS has advanced significantly since the first left ventricular assist device was implanted in 1966. Further advancements in MCS technology that occurred in the tatter decade are changing the overall management of end-stage heart failure care and cardiac transplantation. These pumps allow for improved bridge-to-transplant rates, enhanced survival, and quality of life. Pharmacotherapy associated with MCS devices may optimize the performance of the pumps and improve patient outcomes, as well as minimize morbidity related to their adverse effects. This review highlights the knowledge needed to provide appropriate clinical pharmacy services for patients supported by MCS devices. Conclusions: The HeartMate II clinical investigators called for the involvement of pharmacists in MCS patient assessment and optimization. Pharmacotherapeutic management of patients supported with MCS devices requires individualized care, with pharmacists as part of the team, based on the characteristics of each pump and recipient.
Raum-Musik als Kontaktzone. Stockhausens Hymnen bei der Weltausstellung in Osaka 1970
Authors: Moormann Peter 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
For the World Exposition in Osaka (1970), architect Fritz Bornemann designed the German Pavilion, which focused the expo′s general theme Peace and Progress by means of avant-garde electronic and instrumental music, first and foremost by Karlheinz Stockhausen. The main auditorium was conceived as a globe to provide a completely new style of musical experience: the audience being surrounded by the music and able to follow the sound′s motion in a three-dimensional setting. Central part of Stockhausen′s daily concerts was his piece Hymnen for soloists and electronic tape in which he merged national anthems from all over the world with sounds from synthesizes and electronically modulated live-instruments. This union of opposites was intended to promote a changed consciousness of the listeners, culminating in Stockhausen′s so-called Hymunion, a utopian vision of world peace. This paper focuses on the different aspects of musical space in Stockhausen′s aesthetics and art  ranging from architectural conditions of contemporary music and compositional control of spatial moving music to spiritual settings of art. The question arises whether Bornemann′s architecture and Stockhausen′s music are able to facilitate the emergence of a contact zone.
Performing the Self and Staging the Other: Scripting the Legend of Lucretia in Early Modern England
Authors: Sallmann Sarah D. R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In England, throughout the early modern period and beyond, the Rape of Lucretia served as a central intertext for literary and non-literary works engaging with the subject of transgression. Not only did legal tracts and social pamphlets prescribe a woman to behave analogously to Lucretia after rape in order to contest the innocence of her soul through her bodily performance. Allegorically, the legend′s iteration within new cultural contexts in contemporary English historiography and drama provided a powerful subtext with which national histories and identities were scripted according to a familiar plot structure in order to represent 'the Turk′ and thereby to interpret and control what was perceived to be a threat to English identity and sovereignty at a time of intensifying Anglo-Ottoman encounters. This paper not only demonstrates the re-staging of the Rape of Lucretia in different texts and contexts; it examines the way in which the national identities and cultural encounters are represented and performed through the legend in order to stage the self and the Other within the radical discourse of alterity in contemporary proto-orientalist contexts.
Gesundheitsförderung als Kontaktzone. Eine chilenische Gemeindepsychiatrie für die Mapuche
Authors: Wiencke Markus 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz wird der Begriff der ,Kontaktzone‘ für den Bereich der psychischen Gesundheitsförderung entwickelt. Anhand von Datenmaterial, das aus einer chilenischen Gemeindepsychiatrie für die Mapuche stammt, wird erläutert, dass sich mit dem Begriff der ,Kontaktzone‘ mehr Dimensionen berücksichtigen lassen als mit dem sozialräumlichen Settingbegriff der Ottawa-Charta (WHO, 1986). Die beiden zentralen Konzepte der Charta, ,Empowerment‘ und ,Enablement‘, werden auf die mimetischen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem therapeutischen Setting und den Alltagskontexten seiner Nutzerinnen und Nutzer bezogen.
Sprachtod und Kontaktzone
Authors: Gehweiler Elke , Stathi Katerina 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Aussterben von Sprachen und dem gegenläufigen Prozess ihrer Revitalisierung. Es werden die Faktoren beschrieben, die zu Sprachtod führen können und verschiedene Szenarien des Sprachsterbens exemplifiziert. Schließlich wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Aussterben von Sprachen und Kontaktsituationen anhand des in diesem Band zentralen Begriffs der Kontaktzone diskutiert.
Die Bedeutung von Pantelejmon Kuliš für den Standardisierungsprozess des Ukrainischen und dialektale Besonderheiten seiner Literatursprache
Authors: Del Gaudio Salvatore 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Pantelejmon Kuliš has played a key role in the standardization of the New Ukrainian literary language. Throughout the 19th century his scholarly activity had a great impact on the development of the New Ukrainian literary language in various functional domains. Although a number of studies are dedicated to his place in the history of Ukrainian culture, little research has been carried out to analyze the language conception of this renowned scholar along with some peculiarities of his written language. This article aims therefore at highlighting some significant aspects of Kuliš’s commitment to the standardization of Ukrainian and at analyzing Kuliš’s characteristic dialectisms that frequently recurred in his literary writings.
Der Dichter und die Staatsmacht: Aleksandr Puškins poetischer Dialog mit der russischen Autokratie
Authors: Peters Jochen-Ulrich 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Up until now Pushkin’s relationships with the Czar and the Russian autocracy have been analyzed and evaluated in many ways based on his letters, journalistic writings and novels. This paper, however, asks how Pushkin in his early poetry which refers to the „justification“ or „advice“literature of the Enlightenment has tried to establish a poetic dialogue with the Czar and Russian aristocratic society. But the more time passed the more distance he had to this literary model. His later poetry attains a utopian dimension; at first with reference to the aesthetic autonomy of the art but later to the literary representation of a free, unregulated way of life under the structure of the Russian autocracy.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Kuße Holger 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Schmidt, Christoph, Gemalt für die Ewigkeit: Geschichte der Ikonen in Russland. Köln; Weimar; Wien: Böhlau-Verlag, 2009. 303 S. 9 Farbtafeln. ISBN 978-3-412-20285-9
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Bruns Thomas 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Toovič, Branko (Hrsg.), Slawische Sprachkorrelationen, Bd. 2: Die Unterschiede zwischen dem Bosnischen/Bosniakischen, Kroatischen und Serbischen. Lexik  Wortbildung  Phraseologie // Razlike između bosanskog/bonjačkog, hrvatskog i srpskog jezika. Leksik(a)  Tvorba r(ij)eči  Frazeologija. Wien, Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2009.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Novotná Barbora 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Jana Nechutová, Die lateinische Literatur des Mittelalters in Böhmen. Köln/Wien, Böhlau Verlag 2007. 371 S. (Bausteine zur slavischen Philologie und Kulturgeschichte, Reihe A: Slavistische Forschungen, Neue Folge, Band 59.) ISBN 978-3-412-20070-1