bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Initiation of Virus Epizootics in Forest Tent Caterpillar Populations
Authors: Stairs Gordon R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNuclear-polyhedrosis virus, introduced into virus-free populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), in 1963, was carried over into the 1964 host generation and was spread into the surrounding areas from the points of introduction. The extent of spread in 1964 appeared to be influenced by the size of the area treated in 1963. In 1964 the epizootics developed slowly during the early instars and reached the highest levels late in the last instar. Many infected larvae crawled to the tops of the trees and died while eggs were being laid, thus, some egg masses were contaminated. This is one means by which virus may be spread from one generation to the next, but egg-transmission by adults appears to be the main method of spread over wide areas. Adults of the dipterous parasite, Sarcophaga aldrichi Park, may be important dispersal agents of disease in localized areas because they feed on virus-diseased larvae and are present from the time larvae enter the third instar until after adults have oviposited.
A New Nearctic Species of Euderus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Miller C. D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new Nearctic species of Euderus Haliday is described and illustrated. Description is based on eight specimens reared from poplar twigs containing galls formed by Saperda moesta Leconte (Coleoptera) at Gore Bay, Ontario, seven specimens collected at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, and three specimens reared from poplar trunks at Kerrick, Minnesota.
Mass Transport of Forest Tent Caterpillar Moths, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, by a Cold Front
Authors: Brown Clifford E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOn 12–13 July 1964, forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, adults were carried southward from an outbreak in the forested area of central Alberta for at least 300 miles by the turbulent air associated with a cold front. Details of the area of dispersal and the weather system responsible are given.
Additions and Revisions to the Genera of North American Caddisflies of the Family Brachycentridae With Special Reference to the Larval Stages (Trichoptera)
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarval characterizations for the genera of North American Brachycentridae are revised and two new genera created, bringing to five the total number now recognized on this continent. Previous concepts of larval morphology inMicrasemaare emended. Discovery of the larval stage ofBrachycentrus(Amiocentrus)aspilusRoss necessitates elevation of this subgenus to generic status. Association of larvae with the two North American species placed inOligoplectrumnecessitates removal of one,O.dimicki(Milne), toMicrasema. Discovery of all stages of a new species on Mount Hood, Oregon, necessitates creation of a new genus. A provisional larval key to the genera of the North American Brachycentridae is proposed and the phylogenetic relationships of the genera are discussed. Validity of the Asian genusOligoplectrodesis questioned.
Contemporaneous Mortality Factors in Population Dynamics
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of any mortality factor on population trend is influenced greatly by other factors that operate contemporaneously within the same age interval, and by the extent to which it interacts with these other factors. A general equation which makes provision for different degrees of interaction is proposed as a simplified first step in the study of interaction, and some theoretical examples are presented to illustrate the importance of the interaction coefficient. Methods for obtaining estimates of the coefficient, both through statistical inference from field population data and through direct observation and experimentation, are discussed.
The Fecundity of the Black-headed Budworm Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Coastal Alaska
Authors: Schmiege Donald C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe oviposition and fecundity of field- and lib-reared specimens of the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.), were studied. Each female produced from 13 to 179 eggs. Those from field-collected pupae averaged B6.5 eggs in 1963 and 86.7 in 1964; those reared in the laboratory produced significantly fewer. Forcing late-instar larvae to feed on old foliage did not reduce fecundity significantly. Individuals with an early seasonal development produced more eggs than those with a late seasonal development. The regression of pupal size on fecundity was significant at the 1% level. Because the correlation coefficient for the relationship was low (0.48), pupal size provides only a rough estimate of expected fecundity.
Environmental Effects Upon Reproduction of a Mushroom-infesting Cecid Fly, Mycophila speyeri (Barnes) (Diptera: Ceciodomyiidae)
Authors: Chung Shiu-Ling , Snetsinger Robert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMycophila speyeri Barnes is presently the most important mushroom-infesting cecid fly in Pennsylvania. Larval paedogenesis is the main means of reproduction (used by this species). Adult cecid fiies and sexual reproduction arc rarely observed in mushroom growing houses. The higher temperatures of spawn-run (70 ° to 75 °F.) are very favorable to paedogenetic reproduction of M. speyeri. Under these conditions, a generation is completed in about one week and about ten daughter-larvae per mother-larva are produced. The quantity of malt in the culture medium, the age of the spawn, and strain differences in spawn also play roles in the length of a generation and the number of young produced by a mother-larva. The lower temperatures (55 ° to 60 °F.), normal during mushroom cropping, approximately triple the time required to complete a generation. Prevention of cecid infestations during the spawn-run and sanitation to prevent spread, once larvae are present, are important considerations in the control of M. speyeri. Adult cecid flies occur only when populations become crowded on old growing media.
Plecopteracoluthus downesigen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae), a Species Whose Larvae Live Phoretically on Larvae of Plecoptera
Authors: Steffan A. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a creek northwest of the Gatineau Hills (Quebec) larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) were found living in phoretic association with the immature stages of Perlidae (Plecoptera). The larvae were reared to the adult stage in the laboratory. Life pattern and morphological comparisons are made with other phoretic and parasitic forms of Orthocladiinae and with certain other genera, and it is concluded that the form represents a new genus and species of Orthocladiini, and has probably originated from the common ancestors of the generaRheocricotopus,ParacricotopusandMicrocricotopus. Detailed descriptions are given of the imago, pupa and larva of this insect.
Interrelations of Damage to Wheat and Feeding by the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Jacobson L. A. , Peterson L. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, were fed on wheat in the laboratory, greenhouse, and in field plots. Larvae did not completely sever the plants until the third-instar. The rate and amount of damage varied directly with size and densities of larvae, temperatures above 15 °C., and soil moisture; and inversely with the age and size of the wheat plant. The findings were related to field conditions to appraise potential damage and the necessity of insecticides for crop protection. Possible procedures are discussed for evaluation of the efficiency of various chemicals in the laboratory and in field plots.
Relative Toxicity of Parathion and Kelthane to the Predacious Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and its Prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch, (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) in the Laboratory
Authors: Herne D. C. , Chant D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relative toxicity of Kelthane (1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl) -2,2,2-trichloroethanol), and parathion to Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and its prey, Tetranychus urticae K. (= telarius (L.)), was determined using a Potter Spray Tower. Parathion was found to be far more toxic to P. persimilis than was Kelthane. The LD50 values for Kelthane were 0.051% and 0.29% for T. urticae and P. persimilis respectively, and for parathion were 0.050% and 0.0044% respectively. The LD95 values bore a similar relationship to each other. The two materials were equally toxic to T. urticae. Therefore, use of Kelthane rather than parathion in an environment where P. persimilis and T. urticae were interacting would favour the beneficial species. The statistical aspects of the test method are discussed.
Correction to “A Comparison of Radiograph Analysis and Bark Dissection in Estimating Numbers of Western Pine Beetle”
Authors: DeMars C. J. 
Published: December 2009

It has come to my attention that results I reported (DeMars 1963) were incorrect.In Table I the values for samples 4 through 7 in column 4 (Larvae-Dead-Rad.) should read 1, 10, 7, and 4 instead of 10, 7, 4, and 0. In Table II the values for sample 13 in columns 8 and 12 (Beetles of all stages-Live and Total-Rad.) should read 102 instead of 103.
Biology of Pachygonatopus minimus Fenton (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) a Parasite of the Six-spotted Leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), in Manitoba
Authors: Barrett C. F. , Westdal P. H. , Richardson H. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe six-spotted leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), is the only known host of Pachygonatopus minimus Fenton; parasitism has reached 37%. The female adult is also a predator of the leafhopper. In the adult stage of the parasite the sexes differ in form, color and habits; the male is winged and the female wingless. The egg is laid in the abdomen of the host. As the larva develops it protrudes through an intersegmental membrane. There are five larval instars. The first four are sedentary and attached to the host; the fifth is an active feeding stage. The larva spins a cocoon within which it pupates. The period from egg to adult is about 28 days. P. minimus does not provide effective control of the leafhopper.
Notes on Species ofLecaniumBurmeister (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, with a Description of a New Species
Authors: Phillips J. H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProgeny of individual females ofLecaniumspp. from orchard, ornamental, and wild trees and shrubs were colonized on rooted willow cuttings in a greenhouse and insectary. Some forms with distinctive morphological and colour characters on their original hosts maintained these characters through one to six generations on willow. These results and many years’ observations indicated that lecanium scale infestations in fruit orchards of the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, were usually composed of a complex of forms. Some of these were distinct species but others, less sharply differentiated, were considered as varieties of these species. One new species is described.
Host-Finding and Repulsion of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Daykin P. N. , Kellogg F. E. , Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spontaneous activation of Aedes aegypti, and their responses to external stimuli (especially changes in temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration) have been analyzed in a way that allows the controlling neural mechanisms to be inferred. In general, the flying insect turns back on leaving a favorable air stream, but does not turn on entering one. The normal attack program reduces to four basic steps: a general search initiated by a small rise in the CO2 level, no turn when the insect enters the "host stream" (i.e., the convective or other air current whose temperature and/or relative humidity has been modified by the host), an induced turn on leaving the host stream, and a visual landing. Repellents resemble CO2 in activating previously resting mosquitoes. If, however, the host stream contains a repellent vapor, the insect is made to turn on entering the host stream and is prevented from turning on leaving it. Thus the repellent vapor reverses the normal response to the host stream in two ways that are vital to success in locating a warm-blooded host. It also tends to inhibit probing. The antennal setae through which the various environmental influences are perceived can be inferred from a quantitative consideration of the responses.
Techniques for Increasing the Convenience and Sensitivity of Dry-Film Bioassay of Insecticide Residues with Drosophila spp.
Authors: Yule W. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA flightless strain of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. was used with a dry-film bioassay technique for the analysis of dieldrin residues in wheat grain. The flightless fruitflies were much more convenient to handle than a wild strain and the use of a slippery plastic barrier on collecting and sorting dishes avoided the need for immobilising flies by cold or CO2. Experimental evidence is given for the adoption of standardised breeding and handling systems for controlling certain intrinsic factors in the fly population. Also, by controlling such extrinsic factors in the bioassay system as the number of flies per test vial, replication, and holding temperature, a satisfactorily reproducible LD50 of 0.015 μg. dieldrin per vial was obtained. When this technique was applied to the analysis of dieldrin residues in wheat grain, 0.01-0.10 ppm. dieldrin could be conveniently assayed after chromatographic cleanup of a solvent extract of the grain. The accuracy of the bioassay estimates has been confirmed by gas-chromatographic analysis.
Effects of Mating on Fecundity of the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)
Authors: Neilson W. T. A. , McAllan J. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the laboratory, it has been found that females of R. pomonella (Walsh) mating frequently throughout their lives laid about twice as many fertile eggs as females allowed to mate only a few times during their first two weeks after emergence. However, mating had little effect on the total numbers of eggs laid. Females mating frequently averaged 395 eggs and 95% were fertile whereas those mating only a few times averaged 360 eggs and 46% were fertile.
A Redescription and Revision of the Genus Balsameda Thomson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Goodrich Michael A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Balsameda Thomson is elevated from synonymy and redescribed on the basis of the type species, Cotinis pulverulenta Burmeister. One additional species, Cotinis adspersa Sharp, is referred to the genus. Both species are described and the male and female genitalia are illustrated.
Biological and Behavioural Differences between Lecanium cerasifex Fitch and Lecanium putmani Phillips (Homoptera: Coccoidea)
Authors: Phillips J. H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLecanium cerasifex is facultatively parthenogenetic and deuterotokous whereas L. putmani is arrhenotokous. Males of both L. cerasifex and L. coryli L. failed to fertilize females of L. putmani and in all such attempted crosses the progeny were males.In the field larvae of L. cerasifex typically settled on the lower surface of leaves and those of L. putmani on the upper surface and this behaviour was influenced by light.In laboratory experiments L. cerasifex was photokinetic whereas the activity of L. putmani was little affected by light. Both were weakly phototactic but L. putmani appeared to show the stronger phototactic response. It was concluded that the differences in photokinetic and phototactic responses alone were sufficient to explain the location of the larvae on leaves.
Effects of Superparasitism on Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSuperparasitism created a food shortage and thereby reduced survival and size of adult Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Superparasitism also reduced the percentage of females in the adult progeny but had no effect on rate of development, ability to emerge, or incidence of diapause in N. vitripennis.
Some Notes on Rhagio (Diptera: Rhagionidae) of the Western United States and Canada
Authors: James Maurice T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe western species of Rhagio other than the dimidiatus group are reviewed, with a key to their identification. R. chillcotti, new species, is described from British Columbia (type), Washington, and Oregon. Confirmation of previous identifications of Bigot’s species is given and lectotypes are designated.
Review of the Miltogrammid Genus Eumacronychia (Sarcophagidae:
Diptera)
Authors: Reinhard H. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The generic characters of Eumacronychia are
reviewed and as here considered the genus includes 21 nominal forms of which
9 are described as new. All members are quite similar in habitus and
difficult to distinguish except by reference to the male terminalia. A key
to all known species is included to facilitate identification. The maximum
distribution of the genus is centered in the southwestern United States with
the present known extreme range extending from Canada to Guatamala.
Generic Concepts in the Family Phytoseiidae (Acarina:
Mesostigmata)
Authors: Chant D. A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The family Otopheidomenidae Treat is transferred to the Phytoseiidae
Berlese as a subfamily, and the subfamily Macroseiinae Chant et
al. is considered as a genus in the subfamily
Phytoseiinae. The subfamily Otopheidomeninae contains four genera:
Otopheidomenis Treat,
Hemipteroseius Evans,
Treatia Krantz and Khot, and
Entomoseius Nov. The subfamily Phytoseiinae
contains 10 genera: Typhlodromus Scheuten,
Phytoseius Ribaga,
Chantia Pritchard and Baker,
Platyseiella Muma,
Iphiseius Berlese,
Paraamblyseius Muma,
Phytoseiulus Evans,
Amblyseius Berlese,
Macroseius Chant et
al., and Gigagnathus Nov. Keys
and descriptions of genera are included.
The Immature Stages of Scolytidae: The GenusDendroctonusErichson
Authors: Thomas J. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe external anatomy of the larvae and pupae of a number of species of the genusDendroctonuswas studied to determine its value in the classification of the genus. It was found that the larval and pupal characters supported the synonomy proposed in a revision of the genus based on imaginal characters recently published by another worker.
Nabiseius duplicisetus, a New Genus and Species of Otopheidomeninae (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) from Nabid Bugs
Authors: Chant D. A. , Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus of Otopheidomeninae is described, keyed, and based on a new species, Nabiseius duplicisetus. Larvae, nymphs, and females of this mite were found on the abdominal dorsum of a nabid bug, where presumably they are ectoparasitic, as with related species.
The Diptera Medetera aldrichii Wheeler (Dolichopodidae) and Lonchaea furnissi McAlpine (Lonchaeidae) Associated with the Douglas-fir Beetle in Western Oregon and Washington
Authors: Johnsey R. L. , Nagel W. P. , Rudinsky J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPreliminary studies on the association of the Douglas-fir beetle with species of Diptera found in windthrown Douglas-firs were conducted in 1962 and 1963. These studies revealed that larvae of Medetera aldrichii Wheeler preyed upon larvae and pupae bur only rarely on teneral adults of the Douglas-fir beetle whereas larvae of Lonchaea furnissi McAlpine did not kill the bark beetle in any stage. Adults of M. aldrichii lived up to i weeks at 70° F. on granary mites, and L. furnissi adults survived for more than 3 weeks on honey and Metrecal. Seasonal and daily emergence patterns from naturally infested Douglas-firs are presented and the effects of temperature and light on emergence and flight are discussed.
New Species and Stages of Nearctic Fannia R.D. (Diptera: Muscidae) Associated with Nests of Hymenoptera
Authors: Chillcott J. G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract>Descriptions and figures are presented of both adult and immature stages of a new species, Fannia moseri, from nests of Atta texana in Louisiana; and the female and larvae of F. binotata Chillcott, and mature larvae of F. americana Malloch, from nests of Bombus spp.
A Review of Ciconiphilus Bedford (Mallophaga: Menoponidae)
Authors: Price Roger D. , Beer James R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract>Eight species of Ciconiphilus from the Ciconiiformes and Anseriformes are discussed and illustrated; two of these are newly described: melanolophi. (type-host: Gorsachius m. melanolophus) and cygni (type-host: Cygnus cygnus). New synonymies include: quadripustulatus (Burm.) (= maculipes Gieb., planiceps Piag., cingulatum Piag.); temporalis (Piag.) (= femoratum Piag.); decimfasciatus (B. & L.) (= nyctarde Denny, obscurum Gieb., castaneum Piag., boisduvali Eichler, doriabagla Ausari). C. matosi (Tendeiro) is a new combination. A key is given to the species.
The Larva of Epinotia criddleana Kft. and a Note on Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: MacKay Margaret R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract>The original larval description of Epinotia criddleana Kearfott (MacKay 1959) was based on misidentified material, and a description and illustration of the true larva of this species is presented here. The eastern Pseudexentera sp. and the western Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm., both feeding on trembling aspen, are now considered to be one species, P. oregonana Wlshm. The identity of P. oregonana has been confirmed by comparison of adults with the Walsingham type in the British Museum (Natural History).
A New Species of Cupressobium (Homoptera: Lachnidae) from Hawaii
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract>A species of Cupressobium Börner is described. The aphid was collected from Cryptomeria japonica, the Japanese Cedar, on the Island of Maui, Hawaii. This species differs from the others in the genus in that the terminal process of antennal segment VI is much longer than the diameter of the main rhinarium of this segment while the length of rostral segments IV + V exceeds that of antennal VI.
The ochrogaster Group of the Genus Euxoa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with Description of a New Species
Authors: Hardwick D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ochrogaster group of the genus Euxoa is defined on the basis of genitalic characters, and a new species closely related to Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) is described from the Yukon and western Northwest Territories of Canada.
Number Triangles Yielding the Numerators for Exact Solutions of the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
Authors: Ghent A. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA number triangle system is presented which permits determination by simple addition of the Wilcoxon exact-solution numerators to indefinitely large values. Tabulated values of these numerators are included. This approach permits the range of applicability of the exact solution to be extended indefinitely, and has the advantage of requiring only a minimal mathematical background for its understanding. Combinations of these number triangles can be employed to yield exact solutions for samples involving tied ranks.
Morphologie Larvaire des Agrilus liragus Barter et Brown et Agrilus anxius Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Benoit Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA detailed description of the larva of Agrilus liragus Barter and Brown, and the distinctive characters of Agrilus anxius Gory are given with a short discussion on the taxonomic value of some morphological characters.