bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Productivity and Quality through Integrated Nitrogen and Sulphur Management under Semi-arid Conditions of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Yadav Seema , Yadav S. S. , Choudhary Santosh , Dhakar Devilal , Yadav L. R. , Kumar Arun 
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted under loamy sand soil during kharif 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. The treatments comprising seven integrated nutrient management practices (control, 100% RDN, 100% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through vermicompost, 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM, 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost and 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost) and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) assigned respectively to main and sub plots were replicated thrice in split plot design. Result revealed that different integrated nitrogen management practices had a significant effect on seed yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of sesame. Application of 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost (N5) and 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM (N4), were the most superior and equally effective in enhancing these parameters among all the treatments. The maximum seed yield (799 kg/ha) was obtained under 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost treatment. Producing the seed and stalk yields of 756 and 2329 kg/ha, application of 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM was found equally effective. Results further showed that 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost and 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM were significantly better and statistically similar in enhancing N, P, K and S concentration and their uptake and protein and oil content in seed. Further, it was revealed that progressive increase in sulphur fertilization significantly improved the yield and nutrient uptake in sesame. Addition of 40kg sulphur resulted in increment of about 24.1 and 33.0 percent in seed and stalk yield, respectively over control viz-a-viz enhancing nutrient uptake by sesame. However, treatment receiving 60 kg S/ha showed higher but statistically similar results as that of treatment receiving 40 kg S/ha. Maximum values of N, P and S contents in soil after harvest were recorded at 60 kg S/ha with 40 kg S/ha being statistical at par.
Effect of Multiple Acceptor Structures in Electron Transport Materials on Operational Lifetime of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kiriyama Shione , Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Madushani Bhagya , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent advances in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐assisted fluorescence (TAF) attest to the great promise of this technology in practical use. However, the simultaneous realization of high efficiency and device durability in blue OLEDs remains a significant challenge. Clarification of the degradation mechanisms correlated to molecular structure and device configuration is the key to extending the device lifetime. In this study, electron transport materials incorporating two triazine units in close proximity are adopted to use in hole‐blocking and electron‐transporting layers, resulting in superior device performances. In addition, a modified photodegradation experiment reveals that the degradation origins closely relate to charge carriers. The optimization of the device according to the obtained findings leads to 4.5 times extension in the lifetime of the TAF‐OLED using a multiple resonance emitter. These results also provide guidelines for designing robust electron transport materials for blue OLEDs.
Synergistic Effects of Confinement Structure and Local‐Expanded Interlayer Spacing in Fe2Mo3O8@C@MoS2 Toward High‐Efficient Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Tang Yifan , Li Guochang , Cui Shuangxing , Cui Wan , Chong Hui , Han Lei , Pang Huan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping multicomponent composite materials with delicate morphology and tailored structure is of vital importance for designing advanced sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a confinement‐structured Fe2Mo3O8@C@MoS2 with local‐expanded interlayer spacing is designed via high‐temperature phase transition from FeMoO4 to Fe2Mo3O8 and the tactically introducing dopamine molecules into the interlayer of MoS2 nanosheets. By analysis of the in situ generated solid electrolyte interphase film in different electrolytes, the favorable compatibility of Fe2Mo3O8@C@MoS2 in ether‐based electrolytes is well illustrated. Importantly, the sodium storage mechanism and detailed structural evolution of Fe2Mo3O8 are established for the first time by in situ X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, theoretical calculations indicate the unique structure facilitates internal charge transfer and enhances Na+ adsorption ability. Thanks to the unique confinement structure, local‐expanded interlayers and robust framework, the Fe2Mo3O8@C@MoS2 composite achieves a high reversible specific capacity of 636 mAh g‒1 at 0.1 A g‒1, excellent rate capability (301 mAh g‒1 at 5.0 A g‒1) and ultralong cycling stability (365 mAh g–1 after 6000 cycles at 2.0 A g–1). The study provides an essential understanding of the Na storage mechanism of Fe2Mo3O8 and a promising strategy for constructing high‐performance anodes for SIBs.
Electrospun Poly‐l‐Lactic Acid Membranes Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization by Regulating the PCK2/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tang Daiyuan , Han Bing , He Chengkai , Xu Yunrong , Liu Zhui , Wang Weizhou , Huang Zaitian , Xiao Zhenping , He Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrospun membranes are widely used in tissue engineering. Regretfully, there is limited research on how its morphological characteristics precisely regulate macrophage activation and immune response. Therefore, electrospun poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) membranes with different alignments (align and random) and diameters (nanoscale and microscale) are prepared to investigate the effects of different surface morphologies on M2 macrophage polarization. Additionally, transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome sequencings are combined to examine the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The results show that the electrospun PLLA membranes with different surface morphologies have good biocompatibility and can regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages by changing the micromorphology of the matrix surface. Especially, macrophages cultured on the electrospun membranes of the A600 group exhibit higher M2 macrophage polarization than the other three groups. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that electrospun PLLA membranes enhance AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation by upregulating the expression of integrin phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), which is critical for M2 macrophage polarization. Taken together, electrospun PLLA membranes promote M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the PCK2/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This research can provide further theoretical bases for scaffold design, immunoregulatory mechanisms, and clinical application based on electrospinning technology in the future.
Tailored Fabrication of Full‐Color Ultrastable Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Carbon Dots Composites with Unexpected Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Ai Lin , Xiang Wenjuan , Xiao Jiping , Liu Huimin , Yu Jingkun , Zhang Linlin , Wu Xueting , Qu Xiaoli , Lu Siyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of single‐system materials that exhibit both multicolor room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with tunable after glow colors and channels is challenging. In this study, four metal‐free carbon dots (CDs) are developed through structural tailoring, and panchromatic high‐brightness RTP is achieved via strong chemical encapsulation in urea. The maximum lifetime and quantum yield reaches 2141 ms and 56.55%, respectively. Moreover, CDs‐IV@urea, prepared via coreshell interaction engineering, exhibits a dual afterglow of red RTP and green TADF. The degree of conjugation and functional groups of precursors affects the binding interactions of the nitrogen cladding on CDs, which in turn stabilizes triplet energy levels and affects the energy gap between S1 and T1 (ΔEST) to induce multicolor RTP. The enhanced wrapping interaction lowers the ΔEST, promoting reverse intersystem crossing, which leads to phosphorescence and TADF. This strong coreshell interaction fully stabilizes the triplet state, thus stabilizing the material in water, even in extreme environments such as strong acids and oxidants. These afterglow materials are tested in multicolor, time, and temperature multiencryption as well as in multicolor in vivo bioimaging. Hence, these materials have promising practical applications in information security as well as biomedical diagnosis and treatment.
Unraveling Paradoxical Effects of Large Current Density on Zn Deposition
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Liu Jiachang , Xiao Xiao , Zheng Zhiyang , Zhong Xiongwei , Fu Qingjin , Wang Shaogang , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐based batteries (ZBs) have been widely investigated owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and simple assembly. However, the actual behavior of Zn deposition under large current density is still a severe issue associated with obscure mechanism interpretation of ZBs under high loading. Here, differing from the conventional understanding that short circuit is induced by dendrite penetrating under large current density (10–100 mA cm−2), the separator permeation effect is unraveled to illustrate the paradox between smooth deposition and short lifespan. Generally, a dense plating morphology is achieved under large current density because of intensive nuclei and boosted plane growth. Nevertheless, in the scenes applying separators, the multiplied local current density derived from narrow separator channels leads to rapid Zn2+ exhaustion, converting the Zn deposition mode from nucleation control to concentration control, which eventually results in separator permeation and short circuit. This effect is validated in other aqueous metal anodes (Cu, Sn, Fe) and receives similar results. Based on the understanding, a micro‐pore (150 µm) sponge foam is proposed as separators for large‐current anodes to provide broader Zn2+ path and mitigate the separator permeation effect. This work provides unique perspectives on coordinating fast‐charging ability and anode stability of ZBs.
“Cicada Out of the Shell” Deep Penetration and Blockage of the HSP90 Pathway by ROS‐Responsive Supramolecular Gels to Augment Trimodal Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Li Fashun , Yan Jianqin , Wei Chen , Zhao Yi , Tang Xiaowen , Xu Long , He Bin , Sun Yong , Chang Jing , Liang Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeep penetration and downregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in multimodal synergistic therapy are promising approaches for curing cancer in clinical trials. However, free small‐molecule drugs and most drug vehicles have a low delivery efficiency deep into the tumor owing to poor drug penetration and hypoxic conditions at the tumor site. In this study, the objective is to use reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive supramolecular gels co‐loaded with the photosensitizer Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (ZnPCS4) and functionalized tetrahedral DNA (TGSAs) (G@P/TGSAs) to enhance deep tissue and cell penetration and block the HSP90 pathway for chemo‐ photodynamic therapy (PDT) ‐ photothermal therapy (PTT) trimodal synergistic therapy. The (G@P/TGSAs) are injected in situ into the tumor to release ZnPCS4 and TGSAs under high ROS concentrations originating from both the tumor and PDT. TGSAs penetrate deeply into tumor tissues and augment photothermal therapy by inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Proteomics show that HSP‐related proteins and molecular chaperones are inhibited/activated, inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Simultaneously, the TGSA‐regulated apoptotic pathway is activated. In vivo study demonstrates efficient tumor penetration and excellent trimodal synergistic therapy (45% tumor growth inhibition).
Non‐Expendable Regulator Enables Durable and Deep Cycling Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Yining , Zhou Shuang , Li Jianwen , Kang Juntong , Lin Shangyong , Han Chao , Duan Haimin , liang Shuquan , Pan Anqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnstable electrode/electrolyte interface with irreversible Zn deposition and hydrogen reactions have severely damage the cycle life of aqueous zinc‐metal batteries (ZMBs), which is closely related to interfacial environment and deposition behavior of Zn2+. In this work, a series of rare earth chlorides (RCl3) are proposed as non‐expendable regulators to address the above problems. Specifically, rare earth cations (R3+) with high adsorption energy can simultaneously isolate the adsorbed polar H2O molecule layer at the anode interface and regulate uniform Zn deposition behavior by electrostatic shielding. Meanwhile, Cl− binds H2O molecules via the weak hydrogen bonds, thus further inhibiting water‐related side reactions. Consequently, the optimized Zn||Zn symmetric cell can stably cycle for over 8000 cycles at 5 mA cm−2. Surprisingly, the Zn anode with 68.3% zinc utilization also can be operated over 130 h. Even under harsh condition of low N/P ratio of 2.6:1 and high mass‐loading cathode of 12.57 mg cm−2, the NH4V4O10||Zn pouch cell preserves nearly all its capacity after 300 cycles. Further, a low N/P ratio pouch cell with a more respectable capacity of 37.3 mAh preserves deep cycling for 180 cycles. This study sheds light on non‐expendable additives to develop highly durable and deep cycling ZMBs.
Efficient Energy Management for Intelligent Microrobotic Swarms: Design and Impact
Authors: Zhu Minshen , McCaskill John S. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Gemming Sibylle , Kanoun Olfa , Arnold Marlen Gabriele , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy serves as the foundational element for all active functions within microrobots. Harvesting devices, such as photovoltaic cells and coils, play a crucial role in converting diverse forms of energy into electricity, while energy storage devices enable uninterrupted operation and liberate microrobots from dependence on external sources. Despite the evident importance of energy, there exists a significant disconnect between the development of energy devices and their integration into microrobotic systems, hampering the deployment of microrobots across diverse fields from agriculture to microsurgery. Here, for transcending the “material for material's sake” focus on simple generic metrics for material optimization, such as energy density, advocating attention to the higher tier transformation of material metrics that determine device‐level performance and so make a meaningful contribution to microrobotic technology is argued. Appropriate metrics for microrobotic swarms challenge the stereotype that tiny energy supplies are impractical; instead, swarms simplify individual microrobotic functions, reducing single energy supply requirements and utilizing swarm energy distribution and management. In addition to essential evaluations of the environmental and social impacts of intelligent microrobotic swarms for their safe and beneficial implementation, research targeting these higher‐tier metrics is crucial to connecting energy material research and microrobot developments effectively.
Comparative analysis of nutrient absorption in rice cultivation: Aerobic versus anaerobic conditions in furrow‐irrigated rice
Authors: Chlapecka Justin L. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hardke Jarrod T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the Mid‐Southern United States has traditionally been under conventional flood (CF) production, namely, direct‐seeded and delayed‐flood production. However, furrow‐irrigated rice (FIR) has grown to comprise over 15% of Arkansas’ and 30% of Missouri's rice hectarage. The uptake of several nutrients, including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn), has been shown to differ between aerobic and flooded rice production. Hence, a nutrient uptake survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in FIR fields to determine the difference in nutrient uptake (macro‐ and micronutrients) between the upper generally aerobic environment at the top of the field and the bottom of the field, where a generally anaerobic or flooded environment existed from R1 to maturity. Aboveground biomass samples were taken at R3 from four nitrogen (N) treatments at the top and bottom of five sites on a clayey soil texture and four sites on a loamy soil texture. Results suggest that there is significantly lower P, K, sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn) uptake at the top of the field compared to the bottom of the field on both soil textures. Additionally, the N treatments that yielded the highest biomass generally led to the greatest uptake of all nutrients examined. The decrease in P and K uptake in the aerobic portion of an FIR field suggests that they may require altered fertilizer recommendations compared to the traditional CF rice system.
Upconversion Luminescence Based Direct Hybridization Assay to Detect Subfemtomolar miR‐20 a DNA Analogue in Plasma
Authors: Kuusinen Saara , Lahtinen Satu , Soukka Tero 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers especially for early‐stage cancer diagnostics, but the implementation of miRNA‐based diagnostic tests is still hindered by the limitations of current analytical methods. The small size, low concentrations in biofluids and high sequence homology of miRNAs are challenges for assay development. Currently, most of the sensitive detection methods rely on enzymatic amplification steps, which complicate the analysis and can lead to biases in quantitation. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop enzyme‐free detection methods that are sensitive, specific and user‐friendly. In this study, a simple direct hybridization assay for the DNA analogue of miR‐20a was developed. The assay is based on upconverting nanoparticle labels, which enable ultrasensitive detection, and hairpin structured probes, which provide additional hybridization stability due to base stacking. The limit of detection was 0.73 fM with plasma recoveries between 76 % and 111 %, demonstrating that the assay could be used for direct detection of miRNAs from complex sample matrices without isolation of RNA. Due to the simplicity and the excellent sensitivity for an amplification‐free method, the assay has a great potential for miRNA‐based clinical applications.
Determination of Electrode Balancing in Multilayer Pouch Cells Through Tracking and Tracing in Lithium‐Ion Battery Production
Authors: Sommer Alessandro , Wachter Jannis , Grabmann Sophie , Daub Rüdiger 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManufacturing lithium‐ion batteries is a complex procedure with interconnected process steps. Unknown interdependencies lead to production deviations, which, in combination with expensive materials, result in costly rejects. To gain better insight into the processes, tracking and tracing systems are increasingly being established in battery cell production. This improves the database and enhances transparency, as quality‐critical production data is already recorded during electrode production and specifically assigned to individual intermediate products. The data assignment aids in characterizing intermediate products properties to identify correlations and defects. An important parameter is the balancing from cathode to anode, which has a crucial influence on cell performance. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the determination of the balancing between all electrode layers in a lithium‐ion pouch cell using a traceability system. The traceable areal mass loading was determined for each electrode sheet. After the stacking process, the opposing electrode areal mass loadings of the cathodes and anodes were used to calculate the electrode balancing. Subsequently, their influence on the cycling performance of the cells was investigated. Battery cells with areal mass loadings within the permissible tolerances showed no abnormalities, whereas cells with production fluctuations exhibited rapid ageing.
Critically assessing atavism, an evolution‐centered and deterministic hypothesis on cancer
Authors: Daignan‐Fornier Bertrand , Pradeu Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer is most commonly viewed as resulting from somatic mutations enhancing proliferation and invasion. Some hypotheses further propose that these new capacities reveal a breakdown of multicellularity allowing cancer cells to escape proliferation and cooperation control mechanisms that were implemented during evolution of multicellularity. Here we critically review one such hypothesis, named “atavism,” which puts forward the idea that cancer results from the re‐expression of normally repressed genes forming a program, or toolbox, inherited from unicellular or simple multicellular ancestors. This hypothesis places cancer in an interesting evolutionary perspective that has not been widely explored and deserves attention. Thinking about cancer within an evolutionary framework, especially the major transitions to multicellularity, offers particularly promising perspectives. It is therefore of the utmost important to analyze why one approach that tries to achieve this aim, the atavism hypothesis, has not so far emerged as a major theory on cancer. We outline the features of the atavism hypothesis that, would benefit from clarification and, if possible, unification.
Structural Engineering of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cheng Mingjie , Zheng Xiaoli , Ma Fuxiao , Zhu Zhengkai , Xu Qun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic framework (MOF) materials have attracted much attention due to their diverse topological structures, excellent adsorption capacity, and unique physicochemical properties, which hold great promise in catalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the original MOFs materials have disadvantages such as poor electrical conductivity, high diffusion barrier and limited accessible catalytic sites, which seriously limit their application in CO2RR. Therefore, many structural engineering strategies have been used to improve the CO2RR performance of the MOFs materials. In this review, we mainly review the four main structure engineering strategies, i. e. crystal engineering, 2D engineering, heterostructure engineering and MOF derivatives engineering, in enhancing the catalytic CO2RR performance of the MOFs. We hope that this review will not only provide insights for the rational design of efficient MOFs materials for the CO2RR, but also stimulate more research work in this field.
Electrodeposited NiFe‐LDH on the Surface of Ni‐BDC for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Wei Yu , Han Zhenze , Liu Taolue , Ding Xin , Gao Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubstrate surface modification with a functional material can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic performance of an electrode on oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a functional Ni‐BDC MOF nanosheet layer was in‐situ grown on the surface of nickel foam (NF). Consequently, the NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH) electrodeposited on the modified layer exhibited an excellent activity and an amazing long‐term stability on electrocatalytic OER. In alkaline electrolyte, the well‐designed NiFe‐LDH/Ni‐BDC/NF drives a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 223 mV, with a low Tafel slope of 33.1 mV dec−1 and an outstanding catalytic stability of more than 10 days under continuous electrocatalysis. Such distinguished performances are attributed to the particular hydrophily and electrical conductivity of the Ni‐BDC layer. This work is an important attempt to bring a simple and effective guideline on fabricating a highly efficient catalytic electrode for OER.