bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course and outcome of childhood epilepsy: A 15‐year follow‐up of the Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood
Authors: Geerts Ada , Arts Willem F. , Stroink Hans , Peeters Els , Brouwer Oebele , Peters Boudewijn , Laan Laura , Van Donselaar Cees 
Published: June 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To study the course and outcome of childhood‐onset epilepsy during 15‐year follow‐up (FU).Methods:  We extended FU in 413 of 494 children with new‐onset epilepsy recruited in a previously described prospective hospital‐based study by questionnaire.Results:  Mean FU was 14.8 years (range 11.6–17.5 years). Five‐year terminal remission (TR) was reached by 71% of the cohort. Course during FU was favorable in 50%, improving in 29%, and poor or deteriorating in 16%. Mean duration of seizure activity was 6.0 years (range 0–21.5 years), strongly depending on etiology and epilepsy type. Duration was <1 year in 25% of the cohort and exceeded 12 years in another 25%. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were used by 86% during a mean of 7.4 years: one‐third had their last seizure within 1 year of treatment, and one‐third continued treatment at the end, although some had a 5‐year TR. At last contact, 9% of the cohort was intractable. In multivariate analysis, predictors were nonidiopathic etiology, febrile seizures, no 3‐month remission, and early intractability. Eighteen patients died; 17 had remote symptomatic etiology. Standardized mortality ratio for remote symptomatic etiology was 31.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.4–50.6], versus 0.8 [95% CI 0.02–4.2] for idiopathic/cryptogenic etiology.Discussion:  In most children with newly diagnosed epilepsy, the long‐term prognosis of epilepsy is favorable, and in particular, patients with idiopathic etiology will eventually reach remission. In contrast, epilepsy remains active in ∼30% and becomes intractable in ∼10%. AEDs probably do not influence epilepsy course; they merely suppress seizures. Mortality is significantly higher only in those with remote symptomatic etiology.
Integrating Physical Constraints in Statistical Inference by 11‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Denison Stephanie , Xu Fei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMuch research on cognitive development focuses either on early‐emerging domain‐specific knowledge or domain‐general learning mechanisms. However, little research examines how these sources of knowledge interact. Previous research suggests that young infants can make inferences from samples to populations (Xu & Garcia, 2008) and 11‐ to 12.5‐month‐old infants can integrate psychological and physical knowledge in probabilistic reasoning (Teglas, Girotto, Gonzalez, & Bonatti, 2007; Xu & Denison, 2009). Here, we ask whether infants can integrate a physical constraint of immobility into a statistical inference mechanism. Results from three experiments suggest that, first, infants were able to use domain‐specific knowledge to override statistical information, reasoning that sometimes a physical constraint is more informative than probabilistic information. Second, we provide the first evidence that infants are capable of applying domain‐specific knowledge in probabilistic reasoning by using a physical constraint to exclude one set of objects while computing probabilities over the remaining sets.
Nickel (Ni) allergic patients with complications to Ni containing joint replacement show preferential IL‐17 type reactivity to Ni
Authors: Summer Burkhard , Paul Carina , Mazoochian Farhad , Rau Christoph , Thomsen Marc , Banke Ingo , Gollwitzer Hans , Dietrich Karin‐Almut , Mayer‐Wagner Susanne , Ruzicka Thomas , Thomas Peter 
Published: June 2010

Background: Some nickel (Ni) allergic patients develop complications following Ni‐containing arthroplasty. In the peri‐implant tissue of such patients, we had observed lymphocyte dominated inflammation together with IFN‐γ and IL‐17 expression. Objectives: To determine whether Ni stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of such patients would lead to a different cytokine pattern as compared to Ni‐allergic patients with symptom‐free arthroplasty. Patients and Methods: Based on history and patch testing in 15 Ni‐allergic patients (five without implant, five with symptom‐free arthroplasty, five with complicated arthroplasty) and five non‐allergic individuals, lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was performed using PBMC. In parallel in vitro cytokine response to Ni was assessed by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Results: All 15 Ni‐allergic individuals showed enhanced LTT reactivity to Ni (mean SI = 8.42 ± 1.8) compared to the non‐allergic control group. Predominant IFN‐γ expression to Ni was found both in the five allergic patients without arthroplasty and also in the five allergic, symptom‐free arthroplasty patients. In contrast, in the five Ni‐allergic patients with arthroplasty‐linked complications a predominant, significant IL‐17 expression to Ni was seen but not in patients with symptom‐free arthroplasty. Conclusions: The predominant IL‐17 type response to Ni may characterize a subgroup of Ni‐allergic patients prone to develop lymphocytic peri‐implant hyper‐reactivity.
Formaldehyde exposure and patterns of concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde‐releasers
Authors: Lundov Michael D. , Johansen Jeanne D. , Carlsen Berit C. , Engkilde Kåre , Menné Torkil , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: June 2010

Background: Formaldehyde and formaldehyde‐releasers are widely used in consumer products and may often cause contact allergy. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde‐releasers in dermatitis patients, and to determine the sources of formaldehyde exposure based on personal and occupational products obtained from dermatitis patients. Methods: Patch test data from referred dermatitis patients with a positive patch test reaction to formaldehyde or formaldehyde‐releasers were analysed. For the period 2000–2008, the formaldehyde content in products obtained from formaldehyde‐allergic patients was analysed by chromotropic acid test and/or acetylacetone test. Results: Patients allergic to a formaldehyde‐releaser often had simultaneous contact allergy to formaldehyde. Other combinations were also prevalent. In patients who reacted to more than two formaldehyde‐releasers, nearly all reacted simultaneously to formaldehyde. Seventy‐five percent of the formaldehyde‐allergic patients used a product that contained formaldehyde. The main source of formaldehyde exposure was cosmetics (78%). Conclusions: Concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde‐releaser remains common. Furthermore, contact allergy to a formaldehyde‐releaser was nearly always concomitant with another formaldehyde‐releaser. Formaldehyde was commonly found in personal products used by formaldehyde‐allergic patients.
Metabolic alterations of DHEA and cholesterol sulphates in the hair of patients with acne measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hee , Choi Man Ho , Sim Woo Y. , Lee Won‐Yong , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Metabolic alterations of DHEA and cholesterol sulphates in the hair of patients with acne measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 694–696.Abstract:  As the hormonal levels in scalp hair reflects the condition of skin appendage, the level of dehydroepiandrosterone‐3‐sulphate (DHEAS) and cholesterol sulphate (CS) was evaluated in scalp hair obtained from patients with acne. The hair samples were extracted by alkaline solution and were analysed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled to column switching system. The levels of DHEAS in scalp hair of women with acne were higher (P < 0.001) than controls, while the levels of CS in scalp hair of women and men with acne were higher (P < 0.001) than both control subjects. Increased hair levels of both DHEAS and CS could indicate acne development because of its direct action or stimulatory effect on local enzyme activity. It may be also helpful to understand the pathogenesis of acne based on follicular retention hyperkeratosis and increased sebum production of both steroid sulphates.
Differential Signaling Circuits in Regulation of Ultraviolet C Light‐induced Early‐ and Late‐phase Activation of NF‐κB
Authors: Wu Shiyong , Tong Lingying 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUltraviolet C light (UVC) induces nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation via a complex network. In the early phase (4–12 h) of irradiation, NF‐κB activation is accompanied with IκBα reduction via a translation inhibition pathway. In the late phase of UVC‐induced NF‐κB activation (16–24 h), the IκBα depletion is a combined result of regulation at both transcriptional and translational levels. However, the NF‐κB activation appears to be independent of the level of IκBα. In this review, we will discuss the multiple signaling circuits that regulate NF‐κB activation during the early and late phases of UVC irradiation.
Anaesthetic choice for palatal canine exposure
Authors: Hetherington S. , Corbett I.P. , Chapple J.R. , Meechan J.G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine if predicted difficulty of exposure of palatally displaced, unerupted canines assessed by radiographic score had influenced the choice between a local or a general anaesthetic procedure in adolescents.Materials and methods:  This was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgical exposure of palatal canines between December 2005 and June 2008 in a dental hospital setting. A total of 56 subjects, for whom complete records were available, aged 16 years or under and assessed and treated by one surgeon, were included. The predicted degree of difficulty of exposure was graded from preoperative radiographs based on three criteria; the horizontal and vertical position of the crown, and the canine angulation (possible score range 3–11: higher score = more difficulty). The radiographic scores and patient age for the local anaesthetic and general anaesthetic groups were compared using Student's unpaired t‐tests. Other variables including gender, other surgical treatment required and unilateral or bilateral exposure were evaluated by chi‐squared analysis.Results:  Thirty‐one (55%) patients were treated with local anaesthetic and 25 (45%) with general anaesthetic, the mean age was 13.7 years. The mean radiographic scores did not differ between groups being 7.53 and 7.36 for the local anaesthetic and general anaesthetic groups, respectively. Chi‐squared analysis showed concurrent other surgical treatment to be the only statistically significant factor in anaesthetic choice.Conclusions:  Difficulty of canine exposure is not a significant factor in anaesthetic choice for adolescents, other concurrent surgical treatment appears a more significant factor in anaesthetic choice in this group.
Case report of a displaced wisdom tooth
Authors: Kotli M. , Anand R. , Patel M. , Robinson N. , Bond S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDisplacement of teeth perioperatively is rare but well reported. Maxillary premolar and molar teeth with conical roots are most commonly displaced into the maxillary sinus and Mandibular teeth into the pterygomandibular space. Appropriate measures taken during extraction of teeth can prevent this complication which potentially may lead to severe complications especially if the teeth are displaced into infratemporal fossa, lingual space or respiratory tract. We report a case of displaced wisdom tooth into the pterygomandibular space during extraction.
Genome‐wide association studies of pigmentation and skin cancer: a review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gerstenblith Meg R. , Shi Jianxin , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2010

SummaryRecent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) identified genetic loci associated with pigmentation, nevi, and skin cancer. We performed a review and meta‐analysis of GWAS results, grouping them into four categories: (i) loci associated with pigmentation (hair, eye, and/or skin color), cutaneous UV‐response (sun sensitivity and/or freckling), and skin cancer; (ii) loci associated with nevi and melanoma; (iii) loci associated with pigmentation and/or cutaneous UV‐response but not skin cancer; and (iv) loci associated distinctly with skin cancer, mostly basal cell carcinoma, but not pigmentation or cutaneous UV‐response. These findings suggest at least two pathways for melanoma development (via pigmentation and via nevi), and two pathways for basal cell carcinoma development (via pigmentation and independent of pigmentation). However, further work is necessary to separate the association with skin cancer from the association with pigmentation. As with any GWAS, the identified loci may not include the causal variants and may need confirmation by direct genome sequencing.
Targeting GRP78 to enhance melanoma cell death
Authors: Martin Shaun , Hill David S. , Paton James C. , Paton Adrienne W. , Birch‐Machin Mark A. , Lovat Penny E. , Redfern Chris P.F. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryTargeting endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis may offer an alternative therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma. Fenretinide and bortezomib induce apoptosis of melanoma cells but their efficacy may be hindered by the unfolded protein response, which promotes survival by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that inhibition of GRP78, a vital unfolded protein response mediator, increases cell death in combination with endoplasmic reticulum stress‐inducing agents. Down‐regulation of GRP78 by small‐interfering RNA increased fenretinide‐ or bortezomib‐induced apoptosis. Treatment of cells with a GRP78‐specific subtilase toxin produced a synergistic enhancement with fenretinide or bortezomib. These data suggest that combining endoplasmic reticulum stress‐inducing agents with strategies to down‐regulate GRP78, or other components of the unfolded protein response, may represent a novel therapeutic approach for metastatic melanoma.
CASE REPORT: Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: Jun Young Jin , Jang Se Min , Na Woong , Jang Ki‐Seok , Chung Won Sang , Paik Seung Sam 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPulmonary epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare low‐grade malignant neoplasm that has the characteristic histologic features, epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation, similar to the salivary gland counterpart. This tumor is thought to arise from bronchial submucosal glands distributed throughout the lower respiratory tract. We recently experienced a case of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus in a 61‐year‐old man. Computed tomography of his chest revealed an endobronchial mass in the bronchus of the left lower lobe. The lobectomy specimen showed a solitary endobronchial mass, measuring 2.3 cm in greatest diameter. Histologically, the tumor was composed of variable proportions of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The epithelial cells represented an inner layer of duct‐like structures and the outer clear cell layer was myoepithelial‐type cells. The epithelial cells were positive for pancytokeratin and the clear myoepithelial cells were positive for vimentin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin and S‐100 protein. Finally our diagnosis was epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the bronchus.
Hepatocyte growth factor mobilizes and recruits hematopoietic progenitor cells into liver through a stem cell factor‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Tajima Fumihito , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Kenichi , Kataoka Motoyuki , Hisatome Ichiro , Shiota Goshi 
Published: June 2010

Aims:   Although bone marrow cells are reported to migrate to the liver under circumstances of severe liver injury, the bone marrow cell type and the mechanisms in this process, remain to be clarified. We examined the involvement of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in this process and the cell type of migrated hematopoietic cells by HGF.Methods:  The CD34+ cells and colony forming cells in the peripheral blood were examined in HGF transgenic, recombinant HGF‐administered, and HGF‐expressing adenovirus‐administered mice. The cell type mobilized by HGF was examined by the percentages of donor cells in the peripheral blood of the recipient mice transplanted with Lin‐c‐kit+Sca‐1+CD34+ cells and those with Lin‐c‐kit+Sca‐1+CD34‐ cells. Expression of stem cell factor (SCF) was examined after the addition of HGF in MS‐5 stromal cells. The numbers of the cells which were mobilized from bone marrow and recruited into liver by HGF were assessed using green fluorescence fluorescent (GFP)‐chimera mice.Results:  Mobilized CD34+ cells and colony forming cells in the peripheral blood were increased by HGF treatment. The cells mobilized by HGF were mostly Lin‐c‐kit+Sca‐1+CD34+ cells. Recruitment of bone marrow cells into liver was not suppressed in MMP‐9‐/‐ mice. Expression of SCF was induced by HGF in MS‐5 stromal cells. However, expression of CXCR4, SDF‐1, MMP‐9 or VCAM‐1 was not changed. The numbers of GFP‐positive cells in liver 1 month after treatment by HGF was greater than that by G‐CSF.Conclusion:  The results of the present study suggest that HGF mobilizes and recruits hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into the liver through SCF‐mediated mechanism.
Reflections on Design Management Education in China
Authors: Liu Jikun , Zhan Manxian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDesign management and its instruction is a recent phenomenon in China. Rapid development is anticipated in the near future alongside the advances in China's innovation‐oriented society and its further economic growth. After reviewing the features of design management, the development of MBA programs, and the higher‐education system in contemporary China, this paper proposes a range of future solutions to the development of design management education programs in China. It suggests that curriculum development for better cultural fit with the current Chinese reality must be based not only on research into successful models in Europe and the United States, but on investigation into the specific demands of Chinese companies and Chinese teaching and learning styles. The paper goes on to show that, at this initial stage, foreign‐partner programs can be an immediate and efficient way of developing Chinese design management education, and concludes by outlining opportunities for further research.
Strategic New Product Development in Chinese Organizations: A Case Study in the High Technology Sector
Authors: Zhang Xiaohuan , Williams Alex 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDespite a growing body of research on Chinese business practices and consumer market development, little has been written on the significance of new product development (NPD) within Chinese organizations. In addition, there has been little analysis of the influence of Chinese industry structures and national culture on approaches to NPD. A key assumption has been that it will mirror Western experience. This paper will establish whether a Western interpretation of NPD is appropriate to indigenous Chinese enterprises engaged in high technology sectors. Further, it will provide an overview of the nature of the NPD process within Chinese organizations, contextualized within the Chinese economy. The authors subsequently present the findings of a case study conducted within a high technology state‐owned enterprise. The study focuses on its engagement with NPD in both market and organizational contexts, and its relationship to research and development (R&D), production systems, and technology transfer, in particular. The paper concludes by proposing a model of the NPD process specific to Chinese organizations, and suggests that future development of the Chinese economy will necessitate greater engagement with NPD, albeit in a differing form.
Local Cultures and Global Corporations
Authors: Asokan Ashwini , Payne Michael J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMore than ever before, booming economies and growing levels of disposable income have placed many countries on the global consumer market landscape. Users, embedded in their own cultures and societies, are also consumers of global products and information in their own localized contexts. A range of companies, from the tech arena to the food business, are striving to carve a niche in these countries, trying to redesign themselves to cater to local cultural needs. Most of these companies try to manufacture products for a global market and achieve large‐scale volumes in production. However, this often requires the coordination of multiple companies to manufacture a single product, companies that may be situated in different cultures and countries. Designers, design managers, and user experience professionals across these organizations face a tremendous challenge against the backdrop of this changing landscape. With local practices and cultures on one hand, and large global corporations and global lifestyles situated all over the globe on the other, designers and social scientists are challenged with striking the right balance between these two ends. This paper uses examples from Intel's Digital Home User Experience Group to highlight how user experience professionals can manage and design culturally rich experiences while sustaining large‐scale production, as well as managing smooth working processes among organizations situated across the globe.
Globalization and Product Design Education: The Global Studio
Authors: Bohemia Erik , Harman Kerry 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper examines shifts in manufacturing related to globalization. The purpose of the paper is to provide design educators with a better understanding of changes taking place in manufacturing, with the aim of generating discussion around educational responses to these changes in the subject area of design. In the first part of the paper, the broad transformations taking place in manufacturing are outlined, with a focus on concurrent engineering and agile manufacturing. Next, the ways these changes are affecting the contemporary organization of product development teams are examined. Then, the implications of these shifts for design education are considered. It is argued that changing trends in manufacturing, and related changes in the organization of product development, highlight the importance of equipping design students with skills for working in globally networked organizations. Finally, we overview an educational response to globalization in the subject area of design.
Identifying critical success factors for designing selection processes into postgraduate specialty training: the case of UK general practice
Authors: Plint Simon , Patterson Fiona 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The UK national recruitment process into general practice training has been developed over several years, with incremental introduction of stages which have been piloted and validated. Previously independent processes, which encouraged multiple applications and produced inconsistent outcomes, have been replaced by a robust national process which has high reliability and predictive validity, and is perceived to be fair by candidates and allocates applicants equitably across the country. Best selection practice involves a job analysis which identifies required competencies, then designs reliable assessment methods to measure them, and over the long term ensures that the process has predictive validity against future performance. The general practitioner recruitment process introduced machine markable short listing assessments for the first time in the UK postgraduate recruitment context, and also adopted selection centre workplace simulations. The key success factors have been identified as corporate commitment to the goal of a national process, with gradual convergence maintaining locus of control rather than the imposition of change without perceived legitimate authority.