bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Field Climatology, Changes, and Extremes in the Chukchi–Beaufort Seas and Alaska North Slope during 1979–2009
Authors: Stegall Steve T. , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Wind field climatology, changes, and extremes at ~32-km resolution were analyzed for the Chukchi–Beaufort Seas and Alaska North Slope region using 3-hourly North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) from 1979 to 2009. The monthly average wind speeds show a clear seasonal cycle with a minimum of 2–4 m s−1 in May and a maximum up to 9 m s−1 in October. The 95th percentile winds show a similar seasonality with a maximum up to 15 m s−1 in October. The 31-yr domain averaged 3-hourly wind speeds display a clear diurnal cycle over land and sea ice areas during the warm seasons. Weaker radiation during winter and larger heat capacity over open water reduce the diurnal signal in the wind field diurnal variations. There were increasing trends of areal averaged monthly mean and 95th percentile wind speeds for July through November. The strongest increase in the areal averaged 95th percentile wind speeds occurred in October from 7 m s−1 in 1979 to 10.5 m s−1 in 2009. The frequency of extreme wind events (speed above the 95th percentile winds) shows an increasing trend in all months, with the greatest increase occurring in October, showing 8% more extreme wind events in 2009 comparing to 1979. The prevailing wind direction was northeast with a frequency of 40%–60% for most of the year. The frequency for southwest and northwest winds was small (&lt;20%) except for two anomalous areas along the Brooks Range in Alaska and the Chukotka Mountains in easternmost Russia where the frequency has increased to 35%–50% during the cold season months.
Expression levels of HMGA2 and CD9 and its clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of the gallbladder
Authors: Zou Qiong , Xiong Li , Yang Zhulin , Lv Fang , Yang Leping , Miao Xiongying 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate CD9 and HMGA2 expression and its clinicopathological significance in benign and malignant lesion tissues of the gallbladder.

Methods
The resected specimens of 108 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma, 46 cases of adjacent tissue, 15 cases of polyps and 35 cases of chronic cholecystitis were made into conventional paraffin-embedded sections, using the method of EnVision immunohistochemistry to stain HMGA2 and CD9.

Results
HMGA2 expression of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of adenocarcinoma adjacent tissues (= 16.13, P <0.01), polyps (= 8.19, P <0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (= 21.41, P <0.01); but CD9 expression was the opposite (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The positive rate of HMGA2 expression from the cases that had well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with the largest tumor diameter <2 cm, and without lymph node metastasis, and that did not invade the surrounding tissue was significantly lower than that of HMGA2 expression from the cases that had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, with the largest tumor diameter ≥2 cm, lymph node metastasis, and that invaded the surrounding tissues (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The positive rate of CD9 expression from the cases that had well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with the largest tumor diameter <2 cm, and without lymph node metastasis, and that did not invade the surrounding tissue was significantly higher than that of CD9 expression from the cases that had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, with the largest tumor diameter ≥2 cm, lymph node metastasis, and which invaded the surrounding tissues (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that after surgery, the survival period of HMGA2 expression-positive cases was significantly lower than that of HMGA2 expression- negative cases (P = 0.020), but the survival period of CD9 expression-positive cases was significantly higher than that of cases with CD9 expression-negative (P = 0.019). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the HMGA2 positive expression and/or CD9 negative expression was an important indicator reflecting the poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer.

Conclusion
The expression of HMGA2 and/or CD9 might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
Susceptibility and lack of evidence for a viremic state of rabies in the night owl monkey, Aotus nancymaae
Authors: Reaves Erik J , Salmón-Mulanovich Gabriela , Guevara Carolina , Kochel Tadeusz J , Steinbach Thomas J , Bentzel David E , Montgomery Joel M 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Rabies causes an acute fatal encephalomyelitis in most mammals following infection with rhabdovirus of the genus Lyssavirus. Little is known about rabies virus infection in species of New World non-human Primates (NHP). To investigate the suitability of the owl monkey Aotus nancymaae asissue sections examined were unremarkable for inflammation or other histologic signs of rabies a viable animal model for rabies virus candidate vaccine testing, we used clinical presentation, serology, viral isolation, and PCR to evaluate the incubation period, immunity, and pathogenesis of infected animals. We tested the hypothesis that no viremic state exists for rabies virus.

Methods
Eight monkeys divided into two equal groups were inoculated intramuscularly either in the neck or footpad with 105 pfu of rabies virus (Pasteur/V-13R) and observed for >130 days. Oral and blood samples were collected and analyzed.

Results
Two monkeys inoculated in the neck displayed classic paralytic rabies. The mean incubation period was 11.5 days. The average maximum IgG response (antibody titer >0.200 O.D.) was achieved at day 10.0 and 62.3 in the clinical rabies and non-clinical rabies cases, respectively (p = 0.0429). No difference in IgM or IgG time to seroconversion or average maximum IgM level was observed between neck versus footpad inoculation groups. No viremia or viral shedding was detected by PCR or viral isolation during the observation period, including within the two symptomatic animals three days after disease onset. Tissue sections examined were unremarkable for inflammation or other histologic signs of rabies within the asymptomatic animal. Similarly none of the brain sections exhibited immunoreactivity for rabies virus antibody.

Discussion
This study demonstrates there is no difference in time to immune response between inoculation sites and distance to the brain; however, immune response tends to be more rapid in cases of clinically apparent disease and prolonged in cases infected at sites further from the brain.

Conclusions
Our findings support the hypothesis that a viremic state for rabies does not exist in the New World Monkey, Aotus nancymaae, and it appears that this species may be refractory to infection. The species does provide a suitable model to assess post infection immune responses. Additional studies that address the limitations of sample size, length of observation, and lack of measurable infection should be conducted.
A concept to transfer a therapeutic splint position into permanent occlusion with a customized lingual appliance
Authors: Sachse Tina , Schwestka-Polly Rainer , Flieger Stefanie , Wiechmann Dirk 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Introduction
The role of occlusion concerning temporomandibular disorder is still unclear but seems to be the only component of the stomathognathic system dentists are able to change morphologically. The aim of the paper is to describe the orthodontist’s approach for transferring and maintaining a therapeutic splint position into permanent occlusion using a fully customized lingual appliance.

Methods
Fixed acrylic bite planes on lower molars were used to maintain a symptom-free condyle position prior to orthodontic treatment. Silicone impressions of the arches including the fixed bite planes were used for the Incognito laboratory procedure. Two digital setups were made. One setup represents the target occlusion. A second setup including the bite planes was used to fabricate an additional set of lower molar brackets. In the leveling stage all teeth except the lower molars were settled to maintain the therapeutic condyle position. Finally, the fixed bite planes were stepwise removed and molar brackets were replaced to establish the permanent occlusion planned with the first setup.

Results and discussion
The advantage of an individual lingual appliance consists in the high level of congruence between the fabricated setups and the final clinical result. Both the individual scope for design and the precision of the appliance were vitally important in the treatment of a patient with a functional disorder of the masticatory system.
Holdout in the Assembly of Complements: A Problem for Market Design
Authors: Kominers Scott Duke , Weyl E. Glen 
Published: May 2012

Holdout problems prevent private (voluntary and self-financing) assembly of complementary goods—such as land or dispersed spectrum—from many self-interested sellers. While mechanisms that fully respect sellers' property rights cannot alleviate these holdout problems, traditional solutions, such as the use of coercive government powers of “eminent domain” to expropriate property, can encourage wasteful and unfair assemblies. We discuss the problems holdout creates for the efficient operation of markets and how previous approaches have used regulated coercion to address these challenges. We then investigate when encouraging competition can partially or fully substitute for coercion, focusing particularly on questions of spectrum allocation.
Heeding Congress's Message: The United States Supreme Court Bars Federal Courthouse Doors to Habeas Relief Against All but Irrational State Court Decisions, and Oftentimes Doubly So
Authors: O'Brien Daniel J. 
Published: May 2012

Federal habeas corpus challenges to state criminal convictions grew significantly between 1948 and 1996 when traditional de novo review was coupled with an expanding list of federal constitutional protections the Supreme Court made applicable to the states.
The landscape changed dramatically in 1996 when Congress amended 28 U.S.C. § 2254 with the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. Old and new procedural barriers to habeas review were codified. Merits review of state court decisions became highly deferential.
In a series of recent decisions discussed in this article, most notably Harrington v. Richter, 131 S. Ct. 770 (2011), the Court strongly expressed its frustration with the failure of lower courts to heed Congress' mandate. Federal courthouse doors are now closed to all but the rare case where there “is no possibility for fair-minded disagreement” the state court acted unreasonably (not just erroneously) in deciding the merits. Review becomes “doubly deferential” when the claim is one where deference is already owed in state court; most notably, challenges to the effectiveness of counsel and to the sufficiency of the evidence. Deference is owed even when the state court issues a summary merits decision without opinion.
Who Was “Prioris”? A Royal Composer Recovered
Authors: Dumitrescu Theodor 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Research into the musical establishments of the French royal court during the reign of Louis XII (1498–1515) must contend with a severe lack of basic documentation from the musical chapels of Louis and Queen Anne of Brittany. A hitherto unexplored resource helping to fill this lacuna is offered by the archives of Blois, the principal urban base of the peripatetic royal households in the early sixteenth century. New archival records shed light on the activities of leading singers and composers of the court, among them the enigmatic royal chapelmaster “Prioris,” occasioning a complete revision of the composer's biography. A new story emerges: Prioris turns out to be not the “Johannes Prioris” known from the secondary literature—who likely never existed—but the Blois canon Denis Prieur (Dionisius Prioris), who had already served Louis XII for many years before his accession. The new outline of Prioris's biography reveals a career and life rooted in the Loire Valley, a localized and institutionalized view supported by a reexamination of the musician's compositional output and significant new musical evidence.
Comparison of Doping of Gey Si1-y:H (y>0.95) Films Deposited by Low Frequency PECVD at High (300°C) and Low (160°C) Temperatures
Authors: Cosme Ismael , Kosarev Andrey , Avila Francisco Temoltzi , Itzmoyotl Adrian 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work we present the results of comparative study n- and p-doping of Ge:H and Ge0.96Si0.04 :H films deposited by LF PECVD at high deposition temperature (HT) Td=300°C and low deposition temperature (LT) Td=160°C. The concentration of boron and phosphorus in solid phase was measured by means of SIMS technique. Such parameters as spectral dependence of absorption coefficient, room temperature conductivity σRT and activation energy Ea for both intrinsic and doped films were obtained. The doping range studied in gas phase was for boron [B]gas= 0 to 0.15% and for phosphorus [P]gas= 0 to 0.2%. In general effect of deposition temperature on P and B doping has been demonstrated. For LT films changes of [P]gas=0.04% to 0.22% resulted in more than 2 orders increasing conductivity and reducing activation energy from Ea=0.28 to 0.16 eV. HT films in the range of [P]gas=0.04% to 0.2% demonstrated saturation of conductivity. HT films showed continuous reducing Ea with increase of [P]gas. In the case of boron doping both HT and LT films had a minimum of conductivity at certain values of [B]gas=0.05% (LT films) and 0.04% (HT films) and related maximums of activation energy Ea(max) at the same doping with Ea(max)=0.47 eV for HT and Ea(max)=0.53 eV for LT films. It suggests a compensation of electron conductivity in un-doped films for low B doping. Further raising [B]gas leads to reducing Ea and the smallest Ea=0.27 eV was obtained at [B]gas=0.18% for HT films and Ea=0.33 eV at [B]gas=0.14% for LH films.
Dielectric-tuned Diamondlike Carbon Materials for High-performance Self-aligned Graphene-channel Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Takabayashi Susumu , Yang Meng , Ogawa Shuichi , Takakuwa Yuji , Suemitsu Tetsuya , Otsuji Taiichi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe ‘DLC-GFET’, a graphene field effect transistor with a diamondlike carbon (DLC) top-gate dielectric film, is presented. The DLC film was formed ‘directly’ onto the graphene channel without forming passivation interlayers using our original photoemission-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PA-CVD), where the plasma was precisely controlled by photoemission from the sample with quite low electric power to minimize plasma damage to the channel. The DLC-GFET exhibits clear ambipolar characteristics with a slightly positive shift of the neutral points (Dirac voltages). Relatively high transconductances were obtained as 14.6 (8.8) mS/mm in the n (p) channel modes, respectively, with a thick gate dielectric of 48 nm and a long gate length of 5 μm, promising vertical scaling-down to improve the high-frequency performance. The positive shift of the Dirac voltage is due to unintentional hole doping from oxygen species in the DLC film into the graphene channel, promising a minute modulation doped structure with oxygen to overcome high resistance in the access region. Hence, a DLC film deposited by PA-CVD is a candidate for the gate dielectric on graphene.
Stimulation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Activates Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase and Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sangeetha , Ramachandran Amsaveni , Eapen Asha , George Anne 
Published: May 2012

Background: Periodontitis can ultimately result in tooth loss. Many natural and synthetic materials have been tried to achieve periodontal regeneration, but the results remain variable and unpredictable. We hypothesized that exogenous treatment with dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) activates specific genes and results in phenotypic and functional changes in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).Methods: hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in the presence or absence of DMP1. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions were performed to analyze the expression of several genes involved in periodontal regeneration. hPDLSCs were also processed for immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis using phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) and ERK antibodies. Alkaline phosphatase and von Kossa staining were performed to characterize the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis of the treated and control cell cultures were also performed.Results: Treatment with DMP1 resulted in the upregulation of genes, such as matrix metalloproteinase‐2, alkaline phosphatase, and transforming growth factor β1. Activation of ERK mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway and translocation of pERK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed. Overall, DMP1‐treated cells showed increased expression of alkaline phosphatase, increased matrix, and mineralized nodule formation when compared with untreated controls.Conclusion: DMP1 can orchestrate a coordinated expression of genes and phenotypic changes in hPDLSCs by activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which may provide a valuable strategy for tissue engineering approaches in periodontal regeneration.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Growth Factors in Human Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Darby Ivan B. , Morris Kevin H. 
Published: May 2012

Background: There is a large body of evidence using cells and animal models demonstrating the effectiveness of growth factors in periodontal regeneration. However, there appears to be minimal literature comparing the efficacy of growth factors in human periodontal regeneration compared to other techniques and procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of human studies using growth factors for periodontal regeneration and to compare the efficacy of these growth factors to other accepted techniques for periodontal regeneration.Methods: An electronic and manual search based on agreed search phrases between the primary investigator and a secondary investigator was performed to identify the use of growth factors in periodontics for the literature review. The articles that were identified by this systematic review were analyzed in detail, which included the study of their inclusion and exclusion criteria, outcome measures determination and analysis, risk of bias, adverse events, and conclusions or inference of the efficacy of growth factors to the general population.Results: Five papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two papers were identified that had sufficiently similar study design that a meta‐analysis of their outcomes was possible. Most of the reported outcomes from the selected papers were descriptive. The articles demonstrated periodontal regeneration at least comparable to their respective positive controls, with only a couple of articles demonstrating significantly greater outcomes compared to their respective positive controls. Histologic evidence demonstrated greater periodontal regeneration when using growth factors compared to other regenerative techniques and an increased healing and bone maturation rate compared to other regenerative and bone augmentation techniques in these human studies.Conclusions: Within the limits of this systematic review, the use of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) led to greater clinical attachment level gain of ≈1 mm compared to an osteoconductive control, β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). The use of rhPDGF‐BB led to greater percentage bone fill of ≈40% compared to the osseoconductive control, β‐TCP. Last, the use of rhPDGF‐BB led to an increased rate of bone growth of ≈2 mm compared to the osseoconductive control, β‐TCP.
Measurement accuracy with a new dental panoramic radiographic technique based on tomosynthesis
Authors: Kitai Noriyuki , Mukai Yousuke , Murabayashi Manabu , Kawabata Atsushi , Washino Kaei , Matsuoka Masato , Shimizu Ichirou , Katsumata Akitoshi 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate measurement errors and head positioning effects on radiographs made with new dental panoramic radiograph equipment that uses tomosynthesis.

Materials and Methods:
Radiographic images of a simulated human head or phantom were made at standard head positions using the new dental panoramic radiograph equipment. Measurement errors were evaluated by comparing with the true values. The phantom was also radiographed at various alternative head positions. Significant differences between measurement values at standard and alternative head positions were evaluated. Magnification ratios of the dimensions at standard and alternative head positions were calculated.

Results:
The measurement errors were small for all dimensions. On the measurements at 4-mm displacement positions, no dimension was significantly different from the standard value, and all dimensions were within ±5% of the standard values. At 12-mm displacement positions, the magnification ratios for tooth length and mandibular ramus height were within ±5% of the standard values, but those for dental arch width, mandibular width, and mandibular body length were beyond ±5% of the standard values.

Conclusions:
Measurement errors on radiographs made using the new panoramic radiograph equipment were small in any direction. At 4-mm head displacement positions, no head positioning effect on the measurements was found. At 12-mm head displacement positions, the measurements for vertical dimensions were little affected by head positioning, while those for lateral and anteroposterior dimensions were strongly affected.