bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Tepung Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Terfermentasi Dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma macropomum)
Authors: Sari Darmia , Nazlia Suraiya , Dedi Fazriansyah Putra  
Published: May 2024

Daun gamal mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk dijadikan bahan pakan alternatif bagi jenis ikan herbivora dan omnivora.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis optimal penambahan tepung daun gamal fermentasi sebagai bahan pakan terhadap pertumbuhan benih bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) Ikan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) dengan panjang tubuh 6,3–7 cm dan berat 2,6–4,12 g. Ikan percobaan dipelihara dengan kepadatan tebar 10 ekor/wadah selama 40 hari. Pemberian pakan dilakukan pada pukul 07:00 WIB, 12:00 WIB, dan 17:00 WIB. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan A tidak ditambahkan tepung daun gamal fermentasi (0%), perlakuan B, C, D, E, dan F ditambah tepung daun gamal fermentasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Penambahan tepung daun gamal terfermentasi dalam pakan berpengaruh (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan berat mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan serta rasio konversi pakan, namun tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup benih bawal air tawar (P<0,05). Hasil pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan E (40%), dengan nilai pertumbuhan panjang dan berat mutlak sebesar 2,01 cm dan 1,81 g, laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 4,54%/hari, rasio konversi pakan sebesar 1,48, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan 68,78%.
Prevalence, predictors and geospatial patterns of HIV drug resistance in South Africa: Insights from the 2017 national HIV household survey
Authors: Seleka Mpho , Ledibane Neo , Mokhele Tholang , Zuma Khangelani , Moyo Sizulu , Jooste Sean , Musekiwa Alfred 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
South Africa bears the highest HIV burden globally, marked by a substantial expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that curbs HIV and AIDS cases, morbidity, and mortality. As a result, it faces potential challenges from HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), which could undermine these advancements and prevent the attainment of UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This study investigated the national prevalence, geospatial trends, and predictors of HIVDR in people 15 years and older in South Africa in 2017 before the introduction of dolutegravir containing ART regimens.
Methods
This study used the 2017 secondary data of 1,974 virally unsuppressed adults aged ≥ 15 years old and were tested for HIVDR from a nationally representative cross-sectional multi-stage stratified cluster random sample survey, the South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM V). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine predictors for HIVDR. Geospatial analyses were applied to estimate HIVDR prevalence in all nine provinces and three locality types. Survey weights were used across all analyses to adjust for unequal sampling probabilities and non-responses.
Results
Of 1,253 participants of PLHIV aged ≥ 15 years, a large portion constituted the 25–34 years age group (33.6%) and females (55.7%). The virally unsuppressed rate was estimated at 37.8% (95%CI: 35.2 to 40.2) for viral non-suppression (≥ 1,000 copies/mL) and 26.3% (95%CI: 22.5 to 30.5) for national HIVDR prevalence (n = 369). Eastern Cape province had the highest HIVDR prevalence at 36.6%, while North-West had the lowest at 21.6%. Multivariable logistic regression model established that exposure to ART (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.44, 95%CI: 2.78 to 7.10, p < 0.001), HIV stigmatisation (aOR 1.66, 95%CI: 1.06 to 2.59, p = 0.025), and secondary schooling as highest education level (aOR 1.71, 95%CI: 1.05 to 2.81, p = 0.032) were risk factors for HIVDR. However, being aged 25–34 years (aOR 0.50, 95%CI: 0.25 to 0.99, p = 0.047) and ≥ 45 years old (aOR 0.45, 95%CI: 0.21 to 0.94, p = 0.033) were identified as protective factors against HIVDR compared to the younger age group of 15–24 years.
Conclusion
High HIVDR prevalence estimates among the virally unsuppressed PLHIV on ART emphasize the importance of increasing viral load testing, enhancing adherence counselling, and prompt switching to the appropriate ART regimens. The analysis revealed that exposure to ART, HIV stigmatisation, and secondary education level were identified as risk factors associated with HIVDR, while older age groups, specifically 25–34 and ≥ 45 years old, exhibited a protective effect against HIVDR.
The significance of using liquid biopsy to improve treatment outcomes for metastatic patients
Authors: Mansour Hicham , Mazouji Omayma , Ouhajjou Abdelhak , Anouar Naima , Incitti Roberto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Liquid biopsies gained momentum interest in the area of cancer management. This study aims to evaluate the ability of ctDNA to; detect genetic alteration, screen abnormalities, detect the mutations associated with treatment sensitivity or resistance and guide therapy decision making for metastatic patients. In this study, 85 samples were performed from 74 patients recruited in our center, as part of their routine clinical follow-up. 17 various cancers were analyzed. Genetic testing was conducted in metastatic patients after failure of standard treatments. Sequencing was conducted in blood-ctDNA samples; and when it was possible on the tumor tissue as well. By analyzing the results, we found that 88% of our patients were eligible for treatment guidance using liquid biopsy. In our cohort 81% of cases were detected with at least two mutations, 11% had no detected mutation, and 8% were detected with only one mutation. Among 71 mutated genes detected, we observed that BRCA2, EGFR2, MSH6 and NF1 genes were the most mutated. This study is the first to demonstrate that a significant number of patients, regardless of their cancer type, could reap the benefits of personalized medicine through a straightforward non-invasive genetic test.
Low-dose clonidine infusion to improve sleep in postoperative patients in the high dependency unit: a randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: Liu David , Hallt Elizabeth , Platz Alanna , Humblet Alain , Lassig-Smith Melissa , Stuart Janine , Fourie Cheryl , Livermore Amelia , McConnochie Bre-Yana , Herbst Kimberley , Woods Christine A. , Pincus Jason M. , Reade Michael Charles 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Dexmedetomidine increases sleep and reduces delirium in postoperative patients, but it is expensive and requires a monitored environment. Clonidine, another a2-agonist, is cheaper and is used safely for other purposes in wards. We assessed whether clonidine would improve sleep in postoperative high-dependency unit (HDU) patients.
Methods
The Clonidine at Low dosage postoperatively to Nocturnally Enhance Sleep (CLONES) study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomised trial involving adult elective surgery HDU patients. Patients received clonidine 0.3 mg/kg/hr or saline placebo on the night of surgery. The primary outcome was total sleep time measured using a consumer actigraphy/photoplethysmography device.
Results
Of the 83 randomised patients, three had no data available, leaving 80 (39 clonidine, 41 placebo) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Median patient ages of the groups were similar (61 and 59 years), as were other baseline characteristics. Clonidine patients had a mean of 100.8 (95% CI 38.2 – 163.4) minutes (p=0.002) longer total sleep time (mean 497.2 vs. 396.4 minutes) and reported better sleep overall. Delirium was only observed in one patient prior to study drug infusion, and none at the end of the study. Safety outcomes were not different. Four clonidine patients had their medication ceased due to bradycardia and hypotension that required no additional treatment.
Conclusion
Among postoperative elective surgical patients admitted to HDU, low-dose non-titrated clonidine, compared to placebo, resulted in approximately 100 minutes more sleep and subjectively better-quality sleep. These findings support the use of clonidine infusions in similar patients.
Trial Registration number: ACTRN12619000669190 / U1111-1229-9703
Investigating the Effect of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement in Conceptual Fear Generalization
Authors: Mitra Sharmili , Asthana Manish Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Fear generalization plays a major role in the acquisition and maintenance of anxiety disorders. In fear generalization, conditioned fear responses are observed for novel stimuli sharing perceptually or conceptually similar properties with the conditioned stimulus (CS). The reinforcement levels of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) impact fear acquisition and generalization. Fear generalization can be studied using the category-based conditioning paradigm, where individuals are conditioned to members of a category rather than a single stimulus. The current study explored the effect of UCS reinforcement (i.e., continuous and partial) on conceptual fear generalization due to category-based similarity using a visual aversive UCS. The CSs were exemplars from four categories, i.e., animals, insects, appliances, and mechanical tools. Thirty healthy participants underwent fear acquisition with exemplars from the four stimulus categories, presented with varying levels of UCS reinforcement (100%, 62.5%, and 37.5%). Subsequently, fear generalization was tested with novel unreinforced exemplars from each category. A significant effect of reinforcement on the UCS expectancy and CS-UCS contingency ratings was observed. UCS expectancy ratings increased with increasing certainty of UCS occurrence in the generalization phase. Our results may help to understand how fear generalizes to conceptually related stimuli based on the certainty of the UCS occurrence.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Test Volume and Abnormal Rates in Emergency and Outpatient Clinics: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Gorovanchi Parastou , Panahi Parham , Farrokhi Zahra , Zadeh Rasoul Hossein , Baradaran-Binazir Maryam , Estakhri Rasoul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Physicians ordering excessive tests can cause increased stress for patients and higher costs for the healthcare system. Therefore, the MARR metric was first developed to gauge the appropriateness of testing, showing the proportion of tests ordered that return abnormal results. However, there is a lack of data regarding how the Covid-19 pandemic, which significantly heightened the demand for laboratory testing, including many tests with limited evidence to support their use, altered the trends in test ordering and the associated MARR.
Objective
the purpose of this study is to investigate MARR in both Emergency and outpatient departments and internal and surgical department of Sina hospital in Tabriz, Iran during Covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed laboratory test results from the Emergency and Outpatient departments, as well as the Internal and Surgical departments of Sina Hospital, from March 21, 2021, to March 20, 2022.
Results
The result of MARR for the emergency department was calculated to be 30% and 27% for the outpatient, this measure did not show a significant difference. Result of MARR determined in internal group 30%, surgical group 29%, did not show a significant difference. The result of the number of tests requested per month did not show a significant difference.
Conclusion
In this study, it was found that an increase in the number of laboratory test requests led to a decrease in the MARR. There was no significant difference observed between surgery and internal medicine specialties, nor between outpatient and emergency settings, indicating that work experience did not have a significant impact on the results. Additionally, due to the presence of new mutations of the coronavirus in the country, there was a twelve-fold increase in test requests during the fall and winter months, resulting in a proportional decrease in MARR.
A novel method for inhibiting transcriptional autoactivation by fusion of SRDX repression domain
Authors: Chen Zhu , Ren Jie , Wei Guo , Jia Xinran , Shah Faheem Afzal , Lu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Protein-protein interactions are fundamental components in the life activities of each cell. They play a pivotal role in various biological processes, including replication, transcription, translation, cell cycle regulation, and signal transduction. Distinct interaction networks are present in every species, individual, and cell. Various technical methods have been confirmed to map these interactions and to identify proteins that interact directly or indirectly. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) is an extensively employed system for determining the interaction sites or domains between two known proteins with physiological effects. However, the yeast dual hybrid method has certain limitations, as the autoactivation of bait proteins often lead to false positive outcomes. In this study, we optimized the assembly of bait proteins by introducing a transcriptional silencing motif (EAR inhibitory motif of SUPERMAN gene SRDX) to suppress the autoactivation. We selected five bait proteins with autoactivation activity, including ApGNAT12, ApCPP5, ApVOZ1, ApMYB2, and ApWRKY41. Notably, by introducing SDRX inhibitory motifs at the C-terminus of these proteins, the autoactivation activity of these proteins was effectively suppressed. In addition, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid library screening experiment coupled with high-throughput sequencing, using ApMYB2 as an example, and the outcomes revealed the reliability of this method. Together, our findings indicate that the inhibitory motif can effectively inhibit autoactivation in yeast two-hybrid systems, suggesting broad applications in the protein-protein interaction research.
Beyond What Meets the Eye: Unveiling Dynamics of Compliance with Preventive Measures in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ali Sahar Ramazan , Lacourse Eric , Pelletier-Dumas Mathieu , Lina Jean-Marc , Belair Jacques , Sablonniere Roxane de la 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous longitudinal studies have identified variability in compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures, noting the heightened sensitivity of the least compliant groups to situational factors like easing restrictions. However, they overlooked other forms of variability inherent in compliance behaviour. Hence, we investigated compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home measures, and its dynamic nature, along with its association with social and individual factors.
Methods
Data from a longitudinal study involving 3617 Canadians across twelve measurement times from April 2020 to April 2022 were analysed. Compliance levels were assessed through self-reported items, alongside social and individual factors like trust in science and government, perception of social norms, and health literacy.
Results
Joint-Trajectory analysis revealed three compliance trajectories during mandatory and lifting measures periods: "Low and constant" (shifting to "Low and decreasing" during lifting measures), "High and decreasing," and "High and constant." Transition movements between trajectories mostly showed stability (between 85.83% and 90.44% for social distancing; between 80.68% and 87.71% for staying-at-home), with health literacy consistently predicting trajectory membership (social distancing: mandatory measures period- Odds = 1.67; 95% CI [1.20, 2.32], lifting measures period- Odds = 1.43; 95% CI [0.93, 2.37]; staying-at-home: mandatory measures period- Odds = 1.75; CI [1.24, 2.56], lifting measures period- Odds = 1.90; 95% CI [0.26, 1.01]). Perception of provincial norms (social distancing: comparison 1- Odds = 4.10; 95% CI [1.30, 17.54], comparison 2- Odds = 0.38; 95% CI [0.12, 1.04]; staying-at-home: comparison 1- Odds = 2.22; 95% CI [1.13, 4.51], comparison 2- Odds = 0.74; 95% CI [0.55, 1.00]) and trust in science (social distancing: Odds = 3.57; 95% CI [1.29, 10.91], comparison 2- Odds = 3.00; 95% CI [1.26, 7.96]; staying-at-home: comparison 3- Odds = 0.77; 95% CI [0.58, 1.02]) moderately predicted trajectory change.
Conclusions
Our study not only reaffirms variability within the lowest compliance group but also unveils variability among higher compliance groups, notably in trajectory transition movements. Health literacy consistently emerged as a strong indicator of trajectory membership, while perception of provincial norms and trust in science moderately influenced trajectory change.
Community-based Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response: a comparative case study of implementation realities from humanitarian contexts
Authors: Mary Meighan , Tappis Hannah , Scudder Elaine , Creanga Andreea A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Implementation of community-based Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (CB-MPDSR) in crisis-affected settings offers an opportunity to adapt humanitarian programming and mount solutions to directly improve maternal and neonatal health among those most in need. This study aimed to understand factors that influence implementation of CB-MPDSR approaches across diverse humanitarian contexts.
Methods
A comparative case study was conducted in December 2021-July 2022 to assess CB-MPDSR implementation in 4 diverse humanitarian settings: Cox’s Bazar (CXB) refugee camps, Ugandan refugee settlements, South Sudan, and Yemen. Desk reviews and 39 semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis was employed to understand the adoption, penetration, and fidelity of CB-MPDSR approach and elucidate cross-setting learning.
Findings
Adoption of CB-MPDSR varied: refugee contexts in CXB and Uganda had well-established systems involving active pregnancy and mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy. In Yemen, implementation was reliant upon passive reporting mechanisms, while implementing partners in South Sudan employed a mix of strategies. Financial, human resources, and socio-cultural dynamics limited implementation, especially the notification and review of perinatal deaths. Strategic engagement of community stakeholders improved participation, trust, and transparency between communities and health systems.
Conclusions
CB-MPDSR offers insights into important systemic and cultural factors contributing to mortality within crisis-affected settings. Our results call for more research investment in understanding how to effectively adapt CB-MPDSR and development of operational guidance to assist humanitarian actors in introducing or bolstering CB-MPDSR approaches, so as to support a system reflective of complex realities faced by these diverse and mobile communities.
Proteomic and Single-Cell insights unveiling therapeutic potential of curcumin against IL- 17A induced acute lung injury in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Gouda Mahesh Manjunath , Balaya Rex Devasahayam Arokia , Modi Prashant Kumar , Kadri Safouane , Chanderasekaran Jaikanth , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI) is primarily driven by an intense inflammation in the alveolar epithelium. Key to this is the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin 17 (IL-17), which influences pulmonary immunity and modifies p53 function. The direct role of IL-17A in p53-fibrinolytic system is still unclear, it is important to evaluate this mechanism to regulate the ALI progression to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). C57BL/6 mice, exposed to recombinant IL-17A protein and treated with curcumin, provided insight into IL-17A mechanisms and curcumin's potential for modulating early pulmonary fibrosis stages. A diverse methodology, including proteomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) integration, molecular, and Schroedinger approach were utilized. In silico approaches facilitated the potential interactions between curcumin, IL-17A, and apoptosis-related proteins. A notable surge in the expression levels of IL-17A, p53, and fibrinolytic components such as Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-I) was discerned upon the IL17A exposure in mouse lungs. Furthermore, the enrichment of pathways and differential expression of proteins underscored the significance of IL-17A in governing downstream regulatory pathways such as inflammation, NF-kappaB signaling, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), p53, oxidative phosphorylation, JAK-STAT, and apoptosis. The integration of scRNA-seq data from 20 IPF and 10 control lung specimens emphasized the importance of IL-17A mediated downstream regulation in PF patients. A potent immuno-pharmacotherapeutic agent, curcumin, demonstrated a substantial capacity to modulate the lung pathology and molecular changes induced by IL-17A in mouse lungs. Human IPF single cell data integration confirmed the effects of IL-17A mediated fibrinolytic components in ALI to IPF progression.
Distinct changes in tomato-associated multi-kingdom microbiomes during Meloidogyne incognita parasitism
Authors: Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Santos Susana S , Topalović Olivera , Vestergård Mette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The interplay between root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism and the complex web of host-associated microbiota has been recognized as pivotal for effective management of the pest. However, studies assessing this relationship have focussed on the bacterial and fungal communities, neglecting the unicellular eukaryotic members. Here, we employed amplicon sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, and comprehensively examined how the microbiome composition, diversity and networking developed with time in the rhizospheres and roots of RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants.
Results
As expected, infection with the RKN Meloidogyne incognita decreased plant growth. At individual timepoints, we found distinct bacterial, fungal and eukaryote community structures in the RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated rhizosphere and roots, and RKN inoculation affected several taxa in the root-associated microbiome differentially. Correlation analysis revealed several bacterial and fungal and few protist taxa that correlated negatively with M. incognita. Moreover, network analysis using bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic data revealed more dynamic networks with higher robustness to disturbancesin the RKN-inoculated than in the non-inoculated rhizosphere/roots. Hub taxa displayed a noticeable successional pattern that coincided with different phases of M. incognita parasitism. We found that fungal hubs had strong negative correlations with bacteria and eukaryotes, while positive correlations characterized hub members within individual kingdoms.
Conclusion
Our results reveal dynamic tomato-associated microbiomes that develop along different trajectories in plants suffering M. incognita infestation and non-infested plants. Overall, the results identify stronger associations between RKN and bacterial and fungal taxa than between eukaryotic taxa and RKN, suggesting that fungal and bacterial communities play a larger role in the regulation of RKN. The study identifies several putative RKN-antagonistic bacterial and fungal taxa and confirms the antagonistic potential previously identified in other taxa.