bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When professionals become entrepreneurs: Identity construction of lawtech startup founders in Japan
Authors: Goto Masashi , Kotosaka Masahiro , Sako Mari 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How do professionals develop their identity when they become digital venture founders, and how does such identity affect their venture strategy? This article examines this understudied yet important question. The recent wave of digitalization has created opportunities for various professionals to participate in creating new firms. However, studies of professions and entrepreneurship to date have narrowly focussed on professionals’ intrapreneurship efforts within professional service firms (PSFs). This inductive study of lawtech ventures in Japan examines the sources of Founder Social Identity (FSI). The study shows that founders’ professional role identity developed during prior work experience influences their identity work to become an entrepreneur; moreover, the resulting FSI shapes founders’ strategic decisions on market segment choice. This study highlights the significance of a distinct type of FSI, which we call ‘professional communitarian’, for professionals who engage in entrepreneurship beyond the boundary of PSFs.
Functional redundancy in tRNA dihydrouridylation
Authors: Sudol Claudia , Kilz Lea-Marie , Marchand Virginie , Thullier Quentin , Guérineau Vincent , Goyenvalle Catherine , Faivre Bruno , Toubdji Sabrine , Lombard Murielle , Jean-Jean Olivier , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Helm Mark , Motorin Yuri , Brégeon Damien , Hamdane Djemel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dihydrouridine (D) is a common modified base found predominantly in transfer RNA (tRNA). Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms underlying dihydrouridine biosynthesis, particularly in prokaryotes, have remained elusive. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into D biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis through a combination of genetic, biochemical, and epitranscriptomic approaches. Our findings reveal that B. subtilis relies on two FMN-dependent Dus-like flavoprotein homologs, namely DusB1 and DusB2, to introduce all D residues into its tRNAs. Notably, DusB1 exhibits multisite enzyme activity, enabling D formation at positions 17, 20, 20a and 47, while DusB2 specifically catalyzes D biosynthesis at positions 20 and 20a, showcasing a functional redundancy among modification enzymes. Extensive tRNA-wide D-mapping demonstrates that this functional redundancy impacts the majority of tRNAs, with DusB2 displaying a higher dihydrouridylation efficiency compared to DusB1. Interestingly, we found that BsDusB2 can function like a BsDusB1 when overexpressed in vivo and under increasing enzyme concentration in vitro. Furthermore, we establish the importance of the D modification for B. subtilis growth at suboptimal temperatures. Our study expands the understanding of D modifications in prokaryotes, highlighting the significance of functional redundancy in this process and its impact on bacterial growth and adaptation.
Presenteeism and sleep duration on workdays and days off
Authors: Takano Y , Okajima I , Ando T , Iwano S , Inoue Y 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Presenteeism refers to being present at work but experiencing reduced productivity due to health problems, and has been known to be related to sleep loss. Workers commonly sleep longer on days off than on workdays, and presenteeism may be reduced with extended sleep on days off.

Aims
This study aimed to determine the association between sleep duration both on workdays and days off and presenteeism.

Methods
The participants were 1967 workers who engaged in work for 5 days and rested for 2 days weekly. Sleep duration was classified into less than 6 hours (short; S), 6–8 hours (medium; M), and 9 hours or longer (long; L), for workdays and days off, respectively. Presenteeism was assessed using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire.

Results
On both workdays and days off, compared to medium sleep duration, short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased odds of presenteeism. The odds of presenteeism were significantly increased for S-S (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.40–3.37), S-M (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14–2.22), S-L (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.05–7.00), and M-S (OR 6.82, 95% CI 2.71–17.17) combined sleep duration for workdays and days off, respectively, compared to an M-M (reference).

Conclusions
Sleep loss on workdays cannot be compensated for with longer sleep on days off. This study suggests that sufficient sleep duration on both workdays and days off is important for reducing presenteeism.
A Comparison of Recruitment Methods for a Remote, Nationwide Clinical Trial for COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Hartman Katrina M , Patel Barkha , Rao Via , Hagen Aubrey A , Saveraid Hanna G , Fricton Regina , Lee Samuel , Snyder Andrew T , Pullen Matthew F , Boulware David R , Liebovitz David M , Belani Hrishikesh K , Niklas Jacinda M , Murray Thomas A , Cohen Ken , Thompson Jennifer L , Erickson Spencer M , Bramante Carolyn T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study describes decentralized recruitment and enrollment for a COVID-19 treatment trial, while comparing 5 primary recruitment methods: search engine ads, paid advertising within a national testing company, paid advertising within a regional testing company, electronic health record messages, and word of mouth. These are compared across patient demographics, efficiency, and cost.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04510194.
Zooplankton community structure and diel migration patterns vary over hours, days, and years in the pelagic and littoral zone of a eutrophic reservoir
Authors: Wander Heather L , Lewis Abigail S L , Howard Dexter W , Lofton Mary E , Woelmer Whitney M , Brown Bryan L , Carey Cayelan C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zooplankton play an integral role as indicators of water quality in freshwater ecosystems, but exhibit substantial variability in their density and community composition over space and time. This variability in zooplankton community structure may be driven by multiple factors, including taxon-specific migration behavior in response to environmental conditions. Many studies have highlighted substantial variability in zooplankton communities across spatial and temporal scales, but the relative importance of space vs. time in structuring zooplankton community dynamics is less understood. In this study, we quantified spatial (a littoral vs. a pelagic site) and temporal (hours to years) variability in zooplankton community structure in a eutrophic reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA. We found that zooplankton community structure was more variable among sampling dates over 3 years than among sites or hours of the day, which was associated with differences in water temperature, chlorophyll a, and nutrient concentrations. Additionally, we observed high variability in zooplankton migration behavior, though a slightly greater magnitude of DHM vs. DVM during each sampling date, likely due to changing environmental conditions. Ultimately, our work underscores the need to continually integrate spatial and temporal monitoring to understand patterns of zooplankton community structure and behavior in freshwater ecosystems.
Female innovative entrepreneurship and maternity risk
Authors: Core Fabrizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article documents the existence of an intensive margin of the gender gap in innovative entrepreneurship. Not only there are fewer women than men who become entrepreneurs, but female entrepreneurs also hold smaller equity stakes, make less substantial investments, and are less frequently appointed as firm executives compared to their male counterparts. Leveraging the context of emergency contraception deregulation in Italy and varying abortion service accessibility, I find that mitigating maternity risk narrows these gaps. Consequently, female-led firms become riskier and more attractive to venture capital investors during their early stages.
The Johns Hopkins Physician-Scientist Training Program to Enhance Institutional Retention and Entry Into Academic Positions: An Evaluation of Program Effectiveness and Outcomes
Authors: Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Feghali James , Antar Albert , Azad Tej D. , Rosen Antony , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Rothman Paul B. , Burns Kathleen H. , Bienstock Jessica L. , Cox Andrea L. , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The Johns Hopkins Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) was implemented to overcome well-documented challenges in training and retaining physician-scientists by providing physician-scientist pathway training for residents and clinical fellows. The program’s core tenets include monthly seminars, individualized feedback on project proposals, access to mentors, and institutional funding opportunities. This study evaluated the effectiveness and outcomes of the PTSP and provides a framework for replication.

Method
A query of institutional demographic data and bibliometric variables of the PSTP participants (2017–2020) at a single academic medical center was conducted in 2021. In addition, a voluntary survey collected personal and program evaluation information.

Results
Of 145 PSTP scholars, 59 (41%) were women, and 41 (31%), 8 (6%), and 6 (5%) of scholars self-identified as Asian, Hispanic, and Black, respectively. Thirty-three (23%) scholars received PSTP research support or career development microgrants. Of 66 PSTP graduates, 29 (44%) remained at Johns Hopkins as clinical fellows or faculty. Of 48 PSTP graduates in a posttraining position, 42 (88%) were in academia, with the majority, 29 (76%), holding the rank of assistant professor. Fifty-nine of 140 available participants responded to the survey (42% response rate). The top-cited reason for joining the PSTP was exposure to mentors and administration (50/58 respondents, 86%), followed by seeking scholarly opportunities (37/58 respondents, 64%). Most scholars intended to continue a career as a physician-scientist.

Conclusions
The PSTP provides internal research support and institutional oversight. Although establishing close mentor-mentee relationships requires individualized approaches, the PSTP provided structured academic pathways that enhanced participating scholars’ ability to apply for grants and jobs. The vast majority continued their careers as physician-scientists after training. In light of the national evidence of a “leaky physician-scientist pipeline,” programs such as the PSTP can be critical to entry into early academic career positions and institutional retention.
Presence of Cerebrospinal Fluid on Preoperative Imaging and the Associated Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosis and Outcome
Authors: McNassor Ryan , Shost Michael , Grabel Zachary J. , Rabah Nicholas M. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: April 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of cerebrospinal fluid is associated with the severity of degenerative cervical myelopathy or postoperative outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized as neurologic dysfunction. Preoperative imaging is used to determine the source of cord compression. In clinical practice, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the cord is often used as an indicator to determine whether stenosis is relevant. It is unclear if the presence of CSF around the cord can serve as a metric for clinically relevant cord compression.

Methods:
Patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy were identified from our institution’s surgical database. Pre- and postoperative patient-reported health outcomes visual analog scale for neck pain (VAS-NP) and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) were collected. The level of ACDF plus one level above and below were assessed for the presence of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as measuring the area of the spinal canal and spinal cord on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:
Two hundred forty-nine patients were included. Spearman correlation test comparing cord/canal ratios at the level of compression and preoperative mJOA shows a significant negative correlation (Rho = −0.206, P = 0.043). There was no significant correlation with postoperative change in mJOA scores (Rho = −0.002, P = 0.986).

Conclusion:
The presence of CSF around the cord was weakly correlated with the severity of myelopathy; however, it had no correlation with postoperative outcomes. The presence of CSF around the cord should not in isolation be used to rule in or rule out operative levels in cervical myelopathy.
Predicted deleterious variants in ABCA1, LPL, LPA and KIF6 are associated with statin response and adverse events in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and disturb protein structure and stability
Authors: Dagli-Hernandez Carolina , Ferreira Glaucio Monteiro , Freitas Renata Caroline Costa de , Borges Jessica Bassani , Oliveira Victor Fernandes de , Gonçalves Rodrigo Marques , Faludi Andre Arpad , Marçal Elisangela da Silva Rodrigues , Bastos Gisele Medeiros , Bortolin Raul Hernandes , Hirata Mario Hiroyuki , Hirata Rosario Dominguez Crespo 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
This study explored the association of deleterious variants in pharmacodynamics (PD) genes with statin response and adverse effects in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and analyzed their potential effects on protein structure and stability.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 144 adult FH patients treated with statins. A panel of 32 PD genes was analyzed by exon-targeted gene sequencing. Deleterious variants were identified using prediction algorithms and their structural effects were analyzed by molecular modeling studies.

Results
A total of 102 variants were predicted as deleterious (83 missense, 8 stop-gain, 4 frameshift, 1 indel, 6 splicing). The variants ABCA1 rs769705621 (indel), LPA rs41267807 (p.Tyr2023Cys) and KIF6 rs20455 (p.Trp719Arg) were associated with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) response to statins, and the LPL rs1801177 (p.Asp36Asn) with increased LDLc response (P < 0.05). LPA rs3124784 (p.Arg2016Cys) was predicted to increase statin response (P = 0.022), and ABCA1 rs769705621 to increase the risk of statin-related adverse events (SRAE) (P = 0.027). LPA p.Arg2016Cys and LPL p.Asn36Asp maintained interactions with solvent, LPA p.Tyr2023Cys reduced intramolecular interaction with Gln1987, and KIF6 p.Trp719Arg did not affect intramolecular interactions. DDMut analysis showed that LPA p.Arg2016Cys and p.Tyr2023Cys and LPL p.Asp36Asn caused energetically favorable changes, and KIF6 p.Trp719Arg resulted in unfavorable energetic changes, affecting protein stability.

Conclusion
Deleterious variants in ABCA1, LPA, LPL and KIF6 are associated with variability in LDLc response to statins, and ABCA1 rs769705621 is associated with SRAE risk in FH patients. Molecular modeling studies suggest that LPA p.Tyr2023Cys and KIF6 p.Trp719Arg disturb protein conformational structure and stability.
Novel Utilization of the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Technique after Unsuccessful Nerve Release for Bilateral Frontal Migraines
Authors: Toliver Brandon , Egan Blaire , Sparks Payton , Morris Ashlyn , Hadad Ivan 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is a surgical technique whose indications include preventing or treating painful neuromas after amputation or peripheral nerve injuries. The procedure involves implanting the distal end of a transected peripheral nerve containing sensory fibers into a selected free muscle graft. Although RPNI procedures have primarily been used after limb amputations, select case reports detail the potential for RPNI to mitigate other sources of neuropathic pain, introducing novel uses to its clinical utility. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented to our clinic in June 2021 with chronic frontal migraines with right retro-orbital pain. Bilateral supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve releases with fat grafting were performed in August 2018 via a blepharoplasty approach; however, this procedure was unsuccessful in reducing her neuropathic pain. After discussion with the patient, we elected to proceed with transection of bilateral supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves with RPNI. The postoperative course was uneventful. Follow-up visits up to 1-year postoperative revealed that she had adequate pain control, discontinued her migraine medications, and reported satisfaction with the procedure. The novel RPNI surgical technique may be a low-risk adjunctive option in the surgical management of refractory supraorbital and supratrochlear neuralgia. Future studies should include a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing supraorbital and supratrochlear neurectomy alone to neurectomy with RPNI in refractory supraorbital and supratrochlear neuralgia management. Further exploration of RPNI may reveal additional uses and modifications, which may revolutionize the treatment of neuralgia and other similar ailments.
Abdominal surgery in patients with chronic noncirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Elkrief Laure , Denecheau-Girard Corentin , Magaz Marta , Praktiknjo Michael , Colucci Nicola , Ollivier-Hourmand Isabelle , Dumortier Jérôme , Simon Talero Macarena , Tellez Luis , Artru Florent , Meszaros Magdalena , Verhelst Xavier , Tabchouri Nicolas , Beires Francisca , Andaluz Irene , Leo Massimo , Diekhöner Mara , Dokmak Safi , Fundora Yliam , Vidal-Gonzalez Judit , Toso Christian , Plessier Aurélie , Carlos Garcia Pagan Juan , Rautou Pierre-Emmanuel ,   on behalf of the ERN RARE-LIVER; a study of VALDIG, an EASL consortium
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
In patients with noncirrhotic chronic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), data on the morbimortality of abdominal surgery are scarce.

Approach and Results:
We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 76 patients (78 interventions) with EHPVO undergoing abdominal surgery within the Vascular Disease Interest Group network. Fourteen percent of the patients had ≥1 major bleeding (unrelated to portal hypertension) and 21% had ≥1 Dindo-Clavien grade ≥3 postoperative complications within 1 month after surgery. Fifteen percent had ≥1 portal hypertension–related complication within 3 months after surgery. Three patients died within 12 months after surgery. An unfavorable outcome (ie, ≥1 abovementioned complication or death) occurred in 37% of the patients and was associated with a history of ascites and with nonwall, noncholecystectomy surgical intervention: 17% of the patients with none of these features had an unfavorable outcome, versus 48% and 100% when one or both features were present, respectively. We then compared 63/76 patients with EHPVO with 126 matched (2:1) control patients without EHPVO but with similar surgical interventions. As compared with control patients, the incidence of major bleeding (p<0.001) and portal hypertension–related complication (p<0.001) was significantly higher in patients with EHPVO, but not that of grade ≥3 postoperative complications nor of death. The incidence of unfavorable postoperative outcomes was significantly higher in patients with EHPVO than in those without (33% vs. 18%, p=0.01).

Conclusions:
Patients with EHPVO are at high risk of major perioperative or postoperative bleeding and postoperative complications, especially in those with ascites or undergoing surgery other than wall surgery or cholecystectomy.
Development of a Novel, Reusable Task Trainer for Foreign Body Removal and Abscess Incision and Drainage
Authors: Chambers Orrin , Eckhardt David , Jackson Thomas E. , Vincent Apolline , Zapata Isain , Simon Bradley 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Cutaneous abscess incision and drainage and foreign body removal are 2 common procedures in a variety of outpatient settings. The goal of this project was to create a novel, clean, reusable task trainer that could more accurately reproduce all the steps necessary to perform cutaneous abscess drainage or foreign body removal including ultrasound to identify the abscess cavity or foreign body.

Methods
The novel task trainer was constructed using silicone for both the base and the top skin. Toothpaste mixed with saline was used for the abscess material as this produced an ultrasound image that mimicked purulent material. A piece of a metal paper clip was imbedded in the top skin to mimic a cutaneous foreign body. Physician assistant (PA) students given a didactic lecture then used the novel task trainer as part of a clinical skills course.

Results
After the activity, the PA students were asked to voluntarily complete a brief preretrospective/postretrospective survey comprised 8 questions that addressed their self-perceived knowledge and skills using a 5-point Likert scale. Survey data from an initial cohort of PA students at one university show effectiveness of the models when used with the associated curriculum.

Discussion
This study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a practical, low-cost, non–animal-based task trainer for the purpose of training incision and drainage of cutaneous abscesses and removal of cutaneous foreign bodies. This novel task trainer allows for ultrasound skill development and provides realistic imaging experience.
Teaching Physician Assistant Students to Care for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Robinson Kathy , Jamison Jenni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purposes of this educational activity were to instill in students a greater empathy for patients with intellectual developmental disabilities, give students a better understanding of how to obtain a medical history for patients with communication limitations, teach students practical tips for obtaining a medical history and physical examination to increase competence in their future practice, and to build a relationship with a local organization that serves people with intellectual disabilities. An experiential learning activity was added to the curriculum of two courses for first-year PA students to accomplish these goals. The course instructors engaged in several planning meetings with a local residential facility for people with intellectual disabilities, including choosing patients that the students would assess. The students made 3 visits to the facility. The visits included interactive lectures by a physical therapist, occupational therapist, nurse practitioner, medical doctor, and dentist. Two of the facility involved patient visits at designated homes on campus. The students then wrote comprehensive visit notes with patient identifying information removed and submitted them for grading. Students expressed feeling better prepared to assess people with intellectual disabilities and having an increased appreciation for obtaining quality medical histories. The partner facility also reported they received positive feedback from staff participants and indicated they would like to continue this partnership.