bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation reduces intestinal leukocyte recruitment and systemic inflammatory mediator release in acute experimental sepsis
Authors: Lehmann Christian , Kianian Mandana , Zhou Juan , Küster Inga , Kuschnereit Rieke , Whynot Sara , Hung Orlando , Shukla Romesh , Johnston Brent , Cerny Vladimir , Pavlovic Dragan , Spassov Alexander , Kelly Melanie EM 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) expression is upregulated during sepsis. However, there are conflicting results regarding the effects of CB2R modulation in the hyperinflammatory phase of the disease. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of CB2R manipulation on leukocyte activation within the intestinal microcirculation in two acute experimental sepsis models.

Methods
In the endotoxemia model we studied four groups of Lewis rats: controls, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + CB2R agonist HU308 (2.5 mg/kg), and LPS + CB2R antagonist AM630 (2.5 mg/kg). In the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP)-induced sepsis model we also studied four groups: sham group, CASP and CASP + CB2R agonist (HU308, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg). Intravital microscopy was performed 2 hours following LPS/placebo administration or 16 hours following CASP/sham surgery to quantify intestinal leukocyte recruitment. Additionally, hemodynamic monitoring, histological examinations and measurements of inflammatory mediators were performed.

Results
HU308 administration significantly reduced intestinal leukocyte adhesion in both acute sepsis models. The systemic levels of inflammatory mediators were significantly reduced by 10 mg/kg HU308 treatment in CASP animals.

Conclusion
CB2R activation reduces leukocyte activation and systemic release of inflammatory mediators in acute experimental sepsis. Drugs targeting the CB2R pathway may have therapeutic potential in sepsis.
Relationship of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity with Incident Vascular Events among Primary Prevention Patients Allocated to Placebo or to Statin Therapy: An Analysis from the JUPITER Trial
Authors: Ridker Paul M , MacFadyen Jean G , Wolfert Robert L , Koenig Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are associated with cardiovascular events, Lp-PLA2 is physically linked to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Whether measures of Lp-PLA2 mass or activity continue to predict risk after LDL-C reduction by statin therapy is uncertain.

METHODS
Lp-PLA2 mass concentration and activity were evaluated at baseline and after treatment in the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial comparing rosuvastatin 20 mg to placebo among 17 802 men and women without cardiovascular disease or diabetes at study entry. The relationships of Lp-PLA2 mass and activity with risk of future vascular events were evaluated in the placebo and rosuvastatin groups.

RESULTS
Before randomization, levels of Lp-PLA2 mass and activity correlated moderately with each other and with LDL-C. The magnitude of these correlations increased after statin therapy. Rosuvastatin reduced Lp-PLA2 mass by 33.8%, Lp-PLA2 activity by 33.2%, and LDL-C by 48.7% (all P &lt; 0.0001). Among those study participants allocated to placebo, increasing quartiles of Lp-PLA2 activity (Ptrend = 0.04) but not Lp-PLA2 mass (Ptrend = 0.92) were associated with incident cardiovascular events after adjustment for LDL-C and conventional risk factors. Comparable analyses conducted among those allocated to rosuvastatin revealed no significant relationship between Lp-PLA2 levels and subsequent vascular events. The ability of rosuvastatin to reduce vascular events was not significantly modified by baseline Lp-PLA2 level.

CONCLUSIONS
Among JUPITER trial participants allocated to placebo, levels of Lp-PLA2 activity, but not mass, were associated with cardiovascular risk. However, Lp-PLA2 no longer predicted risk or modified clinical outcomes when participants were treated with rosuvastatin.
Sichern – eine neue archivische Kernaufgabe nach dem 2010 novellierten Archivgesetz von Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Neuheuser Hanns Peter 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das nordrhein-westfälische Archivgesetz wurde 2010 dahingehend novelliert, dass den Aspekten der Sicherung von Archivgut mehr Bedeutung beigemessen wurde. Die Diskussion wurde hauptsächlich durch den Einsturz des Stadtarchivs Köln in 2009 ausgelöst. Damit wurde neu bewertet, welche Regeln und Standards die Bereiche des Schutzes und der Bewahrung von Kulturgut betreffen und welche Standards zur Notfallplanung in Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen zu berücksichtigen sind. Am Ende des Beitrags werden einige zusätzliche Möglichkeiten zur Prävention und Sicherung des kulturellen Erbes betrachtet.
Application of floating silicon-based linear multielectrode arrays for acute recording of single neuron activity in awake behaving monkeys
Authors: Bonini Luca , Maranesi Monica , Livi Alessandro , Bruni Stefania , Fogassi Leonardo , Holzhammer Tobias , Paul Oliver , Ruther Patrick 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne of the fundamental challenges in behavioral neurophysiology in awake animals is the steady recording of action potentials of many single neurons for as long as possible. Here, we present single neuron data obtained during acute recordings mainly from premotor cortices of three macaque monkeys using a silicon-based linear multielectrode array. The most important aspect of these probes, compared with similar models commercially available, is that, once inserted into the brain using a dedicated insertion device providing an intermediate probe fixation by means of vacuum, they can be released and left floating in the brain. On the basis of our data, these features appear to provide (i) optimal physiological conditions for extracellular recordings, (ii) good or even excellent signal-to-noise ratio depending on the recorded brain area and cortical layer, and (iii) extreme stability of the signal over relatively long periods. The quality of the recorded signal did not change significantly after several penetrations into the same restricted cortical sector, suggesting limited tissue damage due to probe insertion. These results indicate that these probes offer several advantages for acute neurophysiological experiments in awake monkeys, and suggest the possibility to employ them for semichronic or even chronic studies.
Mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in eutrophic coastal waters of the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Ignatiades Lydia 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the period 2001–2003, I quantitatively explored the importance of mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in four eutrophic gulfs on the Greek coastline of the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Phytoplankton analysis (250 samples, 401 species) focused on determinations of cell abundance and carbon biomass of diatoms, dinoflagellates (autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic), and coccolithophores. Among the 177 dinoflagellates, 145 autotrophic, 18 mixotrophic, and 14 heterotrophic species were identified comprising up to 18%, 3%, and 1% of total phytoplankton cell abundance, respectively. Analysis of total carbon biomass contributions among taxa showed that the heterotrophic dinoflagellate population contributed the highest carbon proportion (65%) to the stocks of phytoplankton community in contrast to the low contributions of the autotrophic (14%) and mixotrophic (1%) dinoflagellate species. One heterotrophic and 11 mixotrophic species were harmful algae. This major contribution of heterotrophic species to total carbon biomass may affect the concepts of trophodynamics and food web structure. Seasonal and regional distributions of heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates are considered.
Agreement in Risk Prediction Between the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay (Oncotype DX®) and the PAM50 Breast Cancer Intrinsic Classifier™ in Early-Stage Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kelly Catherine M. , Bernard Philip S. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Wang Bailiang , Ebbert Mark T.W. , Bastien Roy R.L. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Young Elliana , Iwamoto Takayuki , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Purpose.
To compare risk assignment by PAM50 Breast Cancer Intrinsic Classifier™ and Oncotype DX_Recurrence Score (RS) in the same population.

Methods.
RNA was extracted from 151 estrogen receptor (ER)+ stage I–II breast cancers and gene expression profiled using PAM50 “intrinsic” subtyping test.

Results.
One hundred eight cases had complete molecular information; 103 (95%) were classified as luminal A (n = 76) or luminal B (n = 27). Ninety-two percent (n = 98) had a low (n = 59) or intermediate (n = 39) RS. Among luminal A cancers, 70% had low (n = 53) and the remainder (n = 23) had an intermediate RS. Among luminal B cancers, nine were high (33%) and 13 were intermediate (48%) by the RS. Almost all cancers with a high RS were classified as luminal B (90%, n = 9). One high RS cancer was identified as basal-like and had low ER/ESR1 and low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in both assays. The majority of low RS cases were luminal A (83%, n = 53). Importantly, half of the intermediate RS cancers were re-categorized as low risk luminal A subtype by PAM50.

Conclusion.
There is good agreement between the two assays for high (i.e., luminal B or RS &gt; 31) and low (i.e., luminal B or RS &lt; 18) prognostic risk assignment but PAM50 assigns more patients to the low risk category. About half of the intermediate RS group was reclassified as luminal A by PAM50.
Quality of Life of People With HIV/AIDS Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Cuba: A Cross-Sectional Study of the National Population
Authors: Aragonés-López Carlos , Pérez-Ávila Jorge , Smith Fawzi Mary C. , Castro Arachu 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We studied the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the quality of life (QOL) of Cubans with HIV/AIDS. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study including administration of the Medical Outcomes Study–HIV Health Survey Questionnaire to a representative sample of the 1592 Cubans receiving ART in 2004. For univariate analyses, we compared mean HIV scale scores. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between role function and year of diagnosis, between pain and sex, and between health transition and region of diagnosis, with adjustment for demographics, ART regimen, and clinical status. Results. There were 354 participants (73 women, 281 men). Scores for all functional activities showed means higher than 80 out of 100. Pain interfered more in women than in men (73.2 vs 81.9; P = .01). When HIV diagnosis occurred after 2001, the probability of experiencing difficulties performing work (odds ratio [OR] = 4.42; 95% CI = 1.83, 10.73) and pain (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.88) increased compared with earlier diagnosis. People treated with indinavir showed a greater perception of general health (58.9 vs 52.4; P = .045) and greater health improvement (78.6 vs 67.8; P = .002). Conclusions. Although Cubans receiving ART are maintaining a high QOL, we observed significant differences by sex and time of diagnosis. QOL assessment can serve as a health outcome and may allow identification of QOL reductions potentially related to ART side effects.
The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care
Authors: Cooper Lisa A. , Roter Debra L. , Carson Kathryn A. , Beach Mary Catherine , Sabin Janice A. , Greenwald Anthony G. , Inui Thomas S. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We examined the associations of clinicians’ implicit attitudes about race with visit communication and patient ratings of care. Methods. In a cross-sectional study of 40 primary care clinicians and 269 patients in urban community-based practices, we measured clinicians’ implicit general race bias and race and compliance stereotyping with 2 implicit association tests and related them to audiotape measures of visit communication and patient ratings. Results. Among Black patients, general race bias was associated with more clinician verbal dominance, lower patient positive affect, and poorer ratings of interpersonal care; race and compliance stereotyping was associated with longer visits, slower speech, less patient centeredness, and poorer ratings of interpersonal care. Among White patients, bias was associated with more verbal dominance and better ratings of interpersonal care; race and compliance stereotyping was associated with less verbal dominance, shorter visits, faster speech, more patient centeredness, higher clinician positive affect, and lower ratings of some aspects of interpersonal care. Conclusions. Clinician implicit race bias and race and compliance stereotyping are associated with markers of poor visit communication and poor ratings of care, particularly among Black patients.
Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Increases in Adolescent Substance Use: Gender Differences and Mediational Pathways
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Kogan Steven M. , Chen Yi-fu 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. This study was designed to test hypotheses about the prospective association of adolescents’ perceptions of discrimination with increases in substance use and the processes that mediate this association.Methods. African American youths residing in rural Georgia (n = 573; mean age = 16.0 years) provided longitudinal data on their experiences with discrimination, substance use, school engagement, and affiliations with substance-using peers.Results. For male youths, perceived discrimination was significantly related to increases in substance use, and, as hypothesized, this association was mediated by the contributions of perceived discrimination to decreases in school engagement and increases in affiliations with substance-using peers. Analyses also indicated that discrimination influences substance use rather than vice versa.Conclusions. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that high levels of discrimination are linked to increases in substance use for African American male adolescents.
How the Continuity of Care Document Can Advance Medical Research and Public Health
Authors: D’Amore John D. , Sittig Dean F. , Ness Roberta B. 
Published: March 2012

Electronic health records in the United States currently isolate digital information in proprietary, institutional databases. Experts have identified inadequate data exchange as a leading challenge to advancements in care quality and efficiency. Recent federal health information technology incentives adopt an extensible standard, called the Continuity of Care Document (CCD), as a new basis for digital interoperability. Although this instrument was designed for individual provider communications, the CCD can be effectively reused for population-based research and public health. Three examples in this commentary demonstrate the potential of CCD aggregation and highlight required changes to existing public health and research practices. Transitioning to the use of this new interoperability standard should be a priority for public health investment, research, and development.
Perceived Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Current Smoking Status: Results From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Reactions to Race Module, 2004–2008
Authors: Purnell Jason Q. , Peppone Luke J. , Alcaraz Kassandra , McQueen Amy , Guido Joseph J. , Carroll Jennifer K. , Shacham Enbal , Morrow Gary R. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We examined the association between perceived discrimination and smoking status and whether psychological distress mediated this relationship in a large, multiethnic sample. Methods. We used 2004 through 2008 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Reactions to Race module to conduct multivariate logistic regression analyses and tests of mediation examining associations between perceived discrimination in health care and workplace settings, psychological distress, and current smoking status. Results. Regardless of race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination was associated with increased odds of current smoking. Psychological distress was also a significant mediator of the discrimination–smoking association. Conclusions. Our results indicate that individuals who report discriminatory treatment in multiple domains may be more likely to smoke, in part, because of the psychological distress associated with such treatment.
Clinical Features of Late-onset Ankylosing Spondylitis: Comparison with Early-onset Disease
Authors: MONTILLA CARLOS , DEL PINO-MONTES JAVIER , COLLANTES-ESTEVEZ EDUARDO , FONT PILAR , ZARCO PEDRO , MULERO JUAN , GRATACÓS JORDI , RODRÍGUEZ CARLOS , JUANOLA XAVIER , FERNÁNDEZ-SUEIRO JOSE LUIS , ALMODOVAR RAQUEL ,   the REGISPONSER Study Group
Published: March 2012

Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is generally observed in young patients but can occur later in life or in persons ≥ 50 years of age. Our objective was to characterize the clinical features of late-onset AS in a large multicenter national cohort.Methods.We studied late-onset AS in the National Registry of Spondyloarthritis of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (REGISPONSER database) cohort (n = 1257), of whom 3.5% had onset at age ≥ 50 years versus a control group with onset at < 50 years.Results.There were no differences between late-onset and early-onset AS according to sex and family history of spondyloarthropathies. Patients in the late-onset group more often showed involvement of the cervical spine (22.7% vs 9.7%; p = 0.03) and arthritis of the upper (13.6% vs 3.0%; p = 0.002) and lower limbs (27.3% vs 15.2%; p = 0.03) as first manifestations than did patients in the early-onset group. A higher percentage of mixed forms (axial and peripheral joint disease) during the course of the disease was also recorded in the late-onset group (50% vs 24%; p = 0.0001).Conclusion.Our study suggests that age at onset of AS affects the patients’ presenting clinical form. Arthritis of the upper limbs requires a differential diagnosis with other conditions frequent in patients over 50 years of age, such as rheumatoid arthritis or crystal-induced arthropathy.
De l’Europe à l’euro ou « l’industrieuse activité de la langue » : recensement et analyse des néologismes en anglais et en français de 1991 à 1998
Authors: Resche Catherine 
Published: March 2012

Le but de cette étude est de rendre compte de la créativité langagière de l’anglais et du français en analysant les néologismes contenant le fracto-morphème Euro/euro (pour Europe) ou la lexie euro (monnaie unique). Les listes recensées sont analysées en fonction des mécanismes lexicogéniques des deux langues et les problèmes de forme et de fond sont abordés. Pour éviter les ambiguïtés sur ces néologismes « de luxe », le retour au contexte s’avère nécessaire, à plus forte raison lorsque les néologismes prennent une dimension métaphorique. Une lecture plus détaillée des listes permet d’avancer une interprétation des néologismes en terme de message qui peut alors être considéré comme miroir des opinions et des hésitations, témoin d’une période.
Profound Depletion of Host Conventional Dendritic Cells, Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, and B Cells Does Not Prevent Graft-versus-Host Disease Induction
Authors: Li Hongmei , Demetris Anthony J. , McNiff Jennifer , Matte-Martone Catherine , Tan Hung Sheng , Rothstein David M. , Lakkis Fadi G. , Shlomchik Warren D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Host hematopoietic APCs are important initiators of GVHD, making them logical targets for GVHD prevention. Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are key APCs for T cell responses in other models of T cell immunity, and they are sufficient for GVHD induction. However, we report in this article that in two polyclonal GVHD models in which host hematopoietic APCs are essential, GVHD was not decreased when recipient conventional DCs were inducibly or constitutively deleted. Additional profound depletion of plasmacytoid DCs and B cells, with or without partial depletion of CD11b+ cells, also did not ameliorate GVHD. These data indicate that, in contrast with pathogen models, there is a surprising redundancy as to which host cells can initiate GVHD. Alternatively, very low numbers of targeted APCs were sufficient. We hypothesize the difference in APC requirements in pathogen and GVHD models relates to the availability of target Ags. In antipathogen responses, specialized APCs are uniquely equipped to acquire and present exogenous Ags, whereas in GVHD, all host cells directly present alloantigens. These studies make it unlikely that reagent-based host APC depletion will prevent GVHD in the clinic.
Burnout in Occupational Therapists and Physical Therapists Working in Head Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Schlenz Kathleen C. , Guthrie Mark R. , Dudgeon Brian 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Burnout has been linked to job retention in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and other health professions. Professional development activities are often suggested to reduce burnout, but little empirical evidence supports this contention. This study explored the prevalence of burnout among occupational and physical therapists working in head injury rehabilitation and evaluated the relationship between burnout and professional development activities.
Method. Forty therapists working full-time in head injury rehabilitation were surveyed. Correlations between subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (i.e., Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment) and responses to a survey of professional development activities are reported.
Results. Professional development activities are most strongly associated with feelings of personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion was relatively high among these therapists, but few feelings of depersonalization were evident.
Conclusions. Professional development activities in the workplace may augment feelings of personal accomplishment and minimize burnout as an issue in job retention. Strategies to effectively identify and manage therapists’ feelings of emotional exhaustion require further study.
Issuing Assistive Devices to Older Patients in Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gitlin Laura N. , Burgh Desirée 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists play a critical role in determining which assistive devices are provided to older adults and when and how instruction occurs during rehabilitation. This exploratory qualitative study used focus group methodology and Fleming’s concept of the therapist with a three-track mind to examine how occupational therapists describe the process of issuing assistive devices to elderly persons in rehabilitation. We identified six interrelated steps involved in issuing an assistive device to an older person with a cerebrovascular accident. These steps were the selection of a device, an activity, a site for instruction, a method of instruction, the time to introduce a device during hospitalization, and reinforcement of its use. Therapists used procedural, interactive, and conditional reasoning to make decisions within each step and individualize device training. The findings from this study underscore the complex series of decisions and skilled clinical judgments involved in issuing assistive devices to older persons. Additionally, the study shows that focus group methodology is a valuable approach by which to identify how therapists reason about specific therapeutic practices.