bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in parental attitudes toward attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder impairment over time
Authors: Garcia‐Argibay Miguel , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lundström Sebastian , Lichtenstein Paul , Cortese Samuele , Larsson Henrik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decades, the prevalence of Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased. However, the underlying explanation for this increase remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether there has been a secular change in how parents perceive the impairment conferred by ADHD symptomatology.MethodsData for this study were obtained from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, involving 27,240 individuals whose parents answered a questionnaire when the children were 9 years old. We assessed the relationship between parentally perceived impairment caused by ADHD symptoms scores over time. The analysis was performed separately for five different birth cohorts, spanning three‐year periods from 1995 to 2009 and for ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions.ResultsWe found a consistent upward trend of parents reporting impairment in relation to ADHD symptomatology across birth cohorts. Over a 12‐year period, comparing those born 2007–2009 (assessed 2016–2018) with those born 1995–1997 (assessed 2004–2006), impairment scores increased by 27% at clinically relevant levels of ADHD symptomatology. Notably, when specifically evaluating the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension, the disparity was even more striking, with an increase of up to 77%.ConclusionsThis study revealed a significant secular change in parental perception of impairment attributed to ADHD symptomatology over recent decades, providing new insights into the increased prevalence of ADHD. It underscores the need to better understand the factors that have contributed to the increased perception of impairment related to ADHD symptoms.
Impact of unplanned second debridement, antibiotics and implant retention on long‐term outcomes in knee exchange arthroplasty: Elevated risk of failure and reinfection
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chih , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Peng Shih‐Hui , Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Lee Sheng‐Hsun , Lin Sheng‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the outcomes of two‐stage exchange arthroplasty (EA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following initial or unplanned repeat debridement antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cases of knee arthroplasty infection treated with two‐stage EA after DAIR, spanning from January 1994 to December 2010. A total of 138 patients were included, comprising 112 with initial DAIR and 26 with an unplanned second DAIR. Data on demographics, comorbidities, infection characteristics and causative organisms were analyzed. The primary outcome was implant failure or reinfection, observed over a minimum follow‐up of 10 years.ResultsThe overall success rate for two‐stage EA was 87% (119/138 patients). Factors identified for treatment failure included reinfection with the same pathogen for unplanned second DAIR (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35–4.38; p = 0.004), higher reinfection rates in patients undergoing EA after an unplanned second DAIR, especially with a prior history of PJI within 2 years (HR = 4.23; 95% CI = 2.39–5.31; p = 0.002), pre‐first DAIR C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels over 100 mg/dL (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.98–3.42; p = 0.003) and recurrence with the same pathogen (HR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.32–4.24; p = 0.007). Additional factors such as male gender (HR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.21–5.25; p = 0.007) and osteoporosis (T score < −2.5; HR = 3.27; 95% CI = 1.23–5.28; p = 0.005) were identified as risk factors for implant failure in all EA cases.ConclusionsThis study identifies key risk factors for worse knee EA outcomes following DAIR, including a pre‐first DAIR CRP level over 100 mg/L, same pathogen recurrence, and PJI history within 2 years. It shows implant failure rates remain constant across EA cases, regardless of DAIR sequence, particularly with risk factors like male gender and severe osteoporosis (T score < −2.5). These results underscore the need for careful evaluation before an unplanned second DAIR, given its significant impact on EA success.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Age and anatomical region‐related differences in vascularization of the porcine meniscus using microcomputed tomography imaging
Authors: Karjalainen Ville‐Pauli , Herrera Millar Valentina R. , Modina Silvia , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Pallaoro Margherita , Elkhouly Khaled , Saarakkala Simo , Mobasheri Ali , Di Giancamillo Alessia , Finnilä Mikko A. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeniscal lesions in vascularized regions are known to regenerate while lack of vascular supply leads to poor healing. Here, we developed and validated a novel methodology for three‐dimensional structural analysis of meniscal vascular structures with high‐resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT). We collected porcine medial menisci from 10 neonatal (not‐developed meniscus, n‐) and 10 adults (fully developed meniscus, a‐). The menisci were cut into anatomical regions (anterior horn (n‐AH and a‐AH), central body (n‐CB and a‐CB), and posterior horn (n‐PH and a‐PH). Specimens were cut in half, fixed, and one specimen underwent critical point drying and µCT imaging, while other specimen underwent immunohistochemistry and vascularity biomarker CD31 staining for validation of µCT. Parameters describing vascular structures were calculated from µCT. The vascular network in neonatal spread throughout meniscus, while in adult was limited to a few vessels in outer region, mostly on femoral side. n‐AH, n‐CB, and n‐PH had 20, 17, and 11 times greater vascular volume fraction than adult, respectively. Moreover, thickness of blood vessels, in three regions, was six times higher in adults than in neonatal. a‐PH appeared to have higher vascular fraction, longer and thicker blood vessels than both a‐AH and a‐CB. Overall, neonatal regions had a higher number of blood vessels, more branching, and higher tortuosity compared to adult regions. For the first time, critical point drying‐based µCT imaging allowed detailed three‐dimensional visualization and quantitative analysis of vascularized meniscal structures. We showed more vascularity in neonatal menisci, while adult menisci had fewer and thicker vascularity especially limited to the femoral surface.
Does nutrient enrichment alleviate stoichiometric constraint on plankton trophic structure?
Authors: Lin Qiuqi , Liu Lingli , Gong Zheng , Peng Liang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStoichiometric mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton has implication for trophic transfer efficiency. Phosphorus (P) enrichment is expected to lower phytoplankton carbon (C) to P ratio (C : P) and thereby either alleviate P deficiency or induce excess P for zooplankton. However, the generality of zooplankton facing excess P and its effect on plankton trophic structure in natural systems are poorly understood. We analyzed the stoichiometry of seston and zooplankton, and plankton trophic structure in 32 (sub)tropical Chinese reservoirs. Our results showed that (1) stoichiometric mismatch between seston and zooplankton involved P or/and nitrogen (N) deficits in low‐nutrient reservoirs and P excess in high‐nutrient reservoirs; (2) at given seston C and phytoplankton compositional food quality levels, zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratio (Zoo : Phyto) showed a two‐segment piecewise relationship to seston N : P with a maximum at a breakpoint of 12.6 and strong reductions toward the extremes of seston N : P gradient; (3) increasing stoichiometric mismatch between seston and consumers reduced the contribution of cladocerans to zooplankton biomass and increased the trophic position of copepods; and (4) chlorophyll a (Chl a) to total phosphorus (TP) ratio (Chl a : TP) increased with decreasing Zoo : Phyto, and at a given Zoo : Phyto, it was higher in reservoirs with zooplankton dominated by copepods than in reservoirs with zooplankton dominated by cladocerans. These findings suggest that nutrient enrichment might improve stoichiometric constraint on plankton trophic structure in low‐nutrient reservoirs, but enhance negative effect of excess P in high‐nutrient reservoirs. Thus, negative impact of excess P on zooplankton may be a mechanism partly contributing to low Zoo : Phyto and high Chl a : TP in eutrophic reservoirs.
Abiotic origins of self‐organized ridge‐runnel patterns on tidal flats
Authors: Fivash Gregory S. , Stoorvogel Marte M. , de Smit Jaco C. , van Rees Floris , van Dalen Jeroen , Grandjean Tim J. , van de Vijsel Roeland C. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Temmerman Stijn , van Belzen Jim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStriking large‐scale spatial patterns in ecosystems, generated by self‐organization through biotic and abiotic feedback processes, influence ecosystem functioning and response to global environmental change. A remarkable example of this are the regular ridge‐runnel patterns found on tidal flats, which play an important role in mudflat‐marsh transitions. Yet the mechanisms driving their formation, and whether they are abiotic or biotic in origin, have not been elucidated. The underlying mechanisms are unraveled in this study through a combination of field measurements and targeted laboratory experiments. In the field, we find that on the ridges of the pattern, the sediment bed level is less dynamic and more resistant to erosion than in the runnels. In laboratory flume experiments, we find that erosion‐resistant surfaces, like those found on the ridges, can arise on time scales of hours to days due to the drying of the cohesive sediment bed, while this is prevented in waterlogged sediments in runnels. A disturbance‐recovery experiment on benthic algae then confirms that biological processes require a longer developmental period than the time scale at which we have observed drying‐induced erosion resistance to develop. Together, these results demonstrate that ridge‐runnel patterns begin from an abiotic initiation point that can subsequently provide a template for further biological establishment and self‐organization. Recognition of abiotic processes as catalysts of self‐organization can improve our understanding of ecosystem responses to environmental changes.
Advanced Transparent Glass‐Ceramics via Laser Anisotropic Nanocrystallization
Authors: Li Peiyao , Yan Zhi , Wang Lei , Xu Yinsheng , Lu Ping , Zhang Jingyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransparent glass‐ceramics, merging the attributes of both glass and ceramics, have diverse applications in ballistic protection, armor materials, dentistry, light‐emitting diode, and optical domains. A limitation of conventional methods for glass‐ceramic fabrication is their inadequacy in precisely controlling the morphology of crystallization, consequently constraining their prospective advancements in diverse areas. Here, a method that facilitates precise control over the formation and growth of polarization‐dependent nonperiodic anisotropic nanocrystals, with a short axis ranging from 15 to 280 nm, in Li2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (LAS) glass is proposed. The method utilizes the principles of near‐field anisotropy between light and matter, building upon the classical nucleation‐growth model of glass crystallization. Notably, the glass‐ceramics possessing laser‐induced nanocrystals within the Rayleigh size regime showcase an impressive 99.7% transmittance in the visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. Additionally, the glass‐ceramics with non‐periodic anisotropic nanocrystals macroscopically exhibit form‐birefringence properties, thus enabling transparent optical applications, such as polarization elements, geometric phase elements, and multi‐dimensional optical data storage. This work opens up new avenues for morphological manipulation of nanocrystallization, with potential applications in optics, nanophotonics, functional glass‐ceramics, and high mechanical performance devices.
Laser Printing of Large‐Area Conformal 3D photonic Circuits in Glass
Authors: Han Xuhu , Wang Yuying , Hu Jiacheng , Zhong Lijing , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits (PICs) are iterating on electronic ones to enable higher‐speed parallel computing while meeting the growing demands for energy efficiency in big‐data processing. However, manufacturing multi‐layered and 3D PICs remains challenging based on conventional planar lithography. Here, a rapid prototyping technique is delineated to configure large‐area and 3D PIC in glass based on laser‐direct written optical waveguides by employing femtosecond cylindrically polarized vortex laser beams. The vortex laser beam is mathematically rotationally invariant and capable of conformally transforming waveguide cross‐sections at arbitrary bending angles of 0–90° and across a large depth change. Based on this approach, a one‐layer 12‐core waveguide circuit with a variable cross‐section (diameter 5–11.5 µm) while maintaining a high mode ellipticity >0.974, as well as a more complex three‐layer 36‐core connector in which the waveguide dives continuously from 50 µm to 550 µm with a small loss difference of <0.1 dB is demonstrated. This work offers a pathway for 3D imprinting of large‐area photonic circuits in glass and other transparent materials, which has potential applications in high‐efficiency photonic computing, multidimensional quantum networks, and 3D optics topology.
Produktion: Dünger und Ethen elektrisch
Authors: Scheuermann Armin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEin Thema der Achema, der Messe der Prozessindustrie in Frankfurt am Main, ist die Elektrifizierung der Chemie. Dabei geht es um direkte Stromnutzung, um Power‐to‐X‐Verfahren oder auch darum, strombasierte Prozesse mit Rezyklaten zu kombinieren.
Glasklar vor einem Schub
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWeiterentwicklungen rund um Glas verbessern Autobatterien und Windschutzscheiben. Laborglas, das weniger bruchanfällig ist als bisher, erhöht den Arbeitsschutz, und Glasstrukturen für die Nanophotonik lassen sich jetzt einfach auf Chips drucken.
Bilanz Biontech 2023: Onkologie und Impfstoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDas Immuntherapie‐Unternehmen Biontech hat im Jahr 2023 weniger umgesetzt als zuvor. Es arbeitet daran, das Portfolio über Covid‐19‐Impfstoffe hinaus zu erweitern. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf Mitteln gegen Tumorerkrankungen.
Start der 6. CheMento‐Runde
Authors: Pereira Jaé Angela , Yasin Yasmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDas bundesweite Mentoring‐Programm der GDCh ermöglicht es seit 2014 jungen Nachwuchskräften und berufserfahrenen Chemikern und Chemikerinnen aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Verwaltung, sich ein Jahr lang auszutauschen. Die One‐to‐One‐Kooperation unterstützt Masterstudierende, Promovierende und Postdocs bei der Berufsorientierung, Karriereentwicklung und ‐planung.
Nachruf: Otto J. Scherer (1933 – 2024)
Authors: Detzel Michaela , Sitzmann Helmut , Winter Rainer , Wolmershäuser Gotthelf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAm 3. Februar 2024 starb Otto J. Scherer, Professor für anorganische Chemie in Kaiserslautern. Er war ein Pionier der Clusterchemie von Arsen und Phosphor.
ChatGPT und Proteindesign: Neue Wege durch Deep Learning und generative Modelle/Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2024 (3/3)
Authors: Beck Tobias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZeitversetzte Laserpulse auf Moleküle verraten, wie photochemische Prozesse ablaufen – dabei sind konische Durchschneidungen entscheidend. Die kolloidale Nanochemie hat neue Materialklassen erschlossen, wie Nickelboride und frühe Übergangsmetalloxid‐Katalysatoren, sowie Synthesen zu photolumineszenten III–V‐Halbleitern verbessert. Mit maschinellem Lernen lassen sich am Rechner Proteine nicht mehr nur falten, sondern solche entwerfen, die nicht mit natürlichen Proteinen verwandt sind.
In‐utero post‐mortem MRI, opportunistic imaging with diagnostic yield
Authors: Lane Annah M. , Christie James , Arthurs Owen J. , Goergen Stacy K. 
Published: April 2024

Key pointsWhat's already known about this topic?

The role of post‐mortem extra‐uterine MRI as part of a minimally invasive autopsy has been established.
Antenatal in‐utero MRI during life has shown similar diagnostic accuracy to post‐mortem extra‐uterine MRI
Post mortem in utero MRI prior to delivery has not yet been documented or fully evaluated.

What does this study add?

We illustrate the feasibility and potential diagnostic value of post‐mortem intrauterine MRI
Genetic polymorphisms and major bleeding risk during vitamin K antagonists treatment: The BLEEDS case‐cohort
Authors: Camilleri Eleonora , Ghobreyal Mira , Bos Mettine H. A. , Reitsma Pieter H. , Van Der Meer Felix J. M. , Swen Jesse J. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , van Rein Nienke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor bleeding occurs annually in 1%–3% of patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), despite close monitoring. Genetic variants in proteins involved in VKA response may affect this risk.AimTo determine the association of genetic variants (cytochrome P450 enzymes 2C9 [CYP2C9] and 4F2 [CYP4F2], gamma‐glutamyl carboxylase [GGCX]) with major bleeding in VKA users, separately and combined, including vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit‐1 (VKORC1).MethodsA case‐cohort study was established within the BLEEDS cohort, which includes 16,570 patients who initiated VKAs between 2012 and 2014. We selected all 326 major bleeding cases that occurred during 17,613 years of follow‐up and a random subcohort of 978 patients. We determined variants in CYP2C9, CYP4F2, GGCX, VKORC1 and evaluated the interaction between variant genotypes. Hazard ratios for major bleeding with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by weighted Cox regression.ResultsGenotype was determined in 256 cases and 783 subcohort members. Phenprocoumon was the most prescribed VKA for both cases and the subcohort (78% and 75%, respectively). Patients with major bleeding were slightly older than subcohort patients. CYP4F2‐TT carriership was associated with a 1.6‐fold (95% CI 0.9–2.8) increased risk of major bleeding compared with CC‐alleles, albeit not statistically significant. For the CYP2C9 and GGCX variants instead, the major bleeding risk was around unity. Carrying at least two variant genotypes in CYP2C9 (poor metabolizer), CYP4F2‐TT, and VKORC1‐AA was associated with a 4.0‐fold (95%CI 1.4–11.4) increased risk, while carriers of both CYP4F2‐TT and VKORC1‐AA had a particularly increased major bleeding risk (hazard ratio 6.7, 95% CI 1.5–29.8) compared with carriers of CC alleles in CYP4F2 and GG in VKORC1. However, the number of major bleeding cases in carriers of multiple variants was few (8 and 5 patients, respectively).ConclusionsCYP4F2 polymorphism was associated with major bleeding, especially in combination with VKORC1 genetic variants. These variants could be considered to further personalize anticoagulant treatment.
Designing Variational Ansatz for Quantum‐Enabled Simulation of Non‐Unitary Dynamical Evolution ‐ An Excursion into Dicke Supperradiance
Authors: Shivpuje Saurabh , Sajjan Manas , Wang Yuchen , Hu Zixuan , Kais Sabre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdaptive Variational Quantum Dynamics (AVQD) algorithms offer a promising approach to providing quantum‐enabled solutions for systems treated within the purview of open quantum dynamical evolution. In this study, the unrestricted‐vectorization variant of AVQD is employed to simulate and benchmark various non‐unitarily evolving systems. Exemplification of how construction of an expressible ansatz unitary and the associated operator pool can be implemented to analyze examples such as the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex (FMO) and even the permutational invariant Dicke model of quantum optics. Furthermore, an efficient decomposition scheme is shown for the ansatz used, which can extend its applications to a wide range of other open quantum system scenarios in near future. In all cases the results obtained are in excellent agreement with exact numerical computations that bolsters the effectiveness of this technique. The successful demonstrations pave the way for utilizing this adaptive variational technique to study complex systems in chemistry and physics, like light‐harvesting devices, thermal, and opto‐mechanical switches, to name a few.
Uncovering the priorities of scientific research on sustainable development goals: A case study in Ethiopia
Authors: Kassahun Ayalew , Yimam Seid Muhie , Muanenda Yonas Seifu , Ali Beshir Melkaw , Yalew Seleshi Getahun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe United Nations has defined 17 SDGs aimed at addressing fundamental human needs. While the SDGs are relevant to all countries and communities worldwide, they hold particular significance to Ethiopia. Scientific research dedicated to a specific country, or a region therein plays a crucial role in identifying the necessary interventions, planning appropriate courses of action, and monitoring progress toward achieving the SDGs. A considerable amount of scientific research directly or indirectly related to the SDGs, has been conducted on Ethiopia, but the research is fragmented and a clear overview of its focus and impact on the SDGs is lacking. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of all available scientific literature on the former province of Wollo, which was the site of one of the most infamous famines in recent times. We found 1591 relevant studies, classified, and analyzed them based on their relevance to the SDGs. Our results indicate that while there has been a significant increase in scientific research in recent years, the focus has been skewed toward a few goals and limited targets within them. Specifically, SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) have received significantly more attention. Further analysis also reveals misplaced priorities indicating a misalignment between scientific research and the needs of the study area. We conclude that while we approach 2030, the deadline for the SDGs, considerable attention must be given to the prioritization of SDGs in scientific research.
Advances in Defect Engineering of Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhong Kang , Sun Peipei , Xu Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction technology, capable of converting low‐density solar energy into high‐density chemical energy, stands as a promising approach to alleviate the energy crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Semiconductor metal oxides, characterized by their abundant reserves, good stability, and easily tunable structures, have found extensive applications in the field of photocatalysis. However, the wide bandgap inherent in metal oxides contributes to their poor efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Defect engineering presents an effective strategy to address these challenges. This paper reviews the research progress in defect engineering to enhance the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of metal oxides, summarizing defect classifications, preparation methods, and characterization techniques. The focus is on defect engineering, represented by vacancies and doping, for improving the performance of metal oxide photocatalysts. This includes advancements in expanding the photoresponse range, enhancing photogenerated charge separation, and promoting CO2 molecule activation. Finally, the paper provides a summary of the current issues and challenges faced by defect engineering, along with a prospective outlook on the future development of photocatalytic CO2 reduction technology.