bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banach spaces with small weakly open subsets of the unit ball and massive sets of Daugavet and $$\Delta $$-points
Authors: Cobollo Christian , Isert Daniel , López-Pérez Ginés , Martín Miguel , Perreau Yoël , Quero Alicia , Quilis Andrés , Rodríguez-Vidanes Daniel L. , Rueda Zoca Abraham 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that there exists an equivalent norm $$\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| $$

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on $$L_\infty [0,1]$$

L
∞

[
0
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with the following properties:

The unit ball of $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

(

L
∞

[
0
,
1
]

,

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)

contains non-empty relatively weakly open subsets of arbitrarily small diameter;

The set of Daugavet points of the unit ball of $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

(

L
∞

[
0
,
1
]

,

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is weakly dense;

The set of ccw $$\Delta $$
Δ
-points of the unit ball of $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

(

L
∞

[
0
,
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]

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is norming.

We also show that there are points of the unit ball of $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

(

L
∞

[
0
,
1
]

,

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which are not $$\Delta $$
Δ
-points, meaning that the space $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

(

L
∞

[
0
,
1
]

,

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fails the diametral local diameter 2 property. Finally, we observe that the space $$(L_\infty [0,1],\left| \left| \left| \cdot \right| \right| \right| )$$

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L
∞

[
0
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,

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provides both alternative and new examples that illustrate the differences between the various diametral notions for points of the unit ball of Banach spaces.
Determination of Quality in Training Programs Based on Outcomes and Data
Authors: Conrad-Schnetz Kristen , Anand Rahul J. , Relles Daniel , Hilt Elizabeth K. , Ghanem Yazid K. , Joshi Amit R. T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Measuring quality of surgical training programs is fundamental in recruitment, program improvement, and accreditation. There are several resources available that can provide useful data and information for programs, medical students, and preliminary residents to evaluate program quality. The purpose of this review is to summarize both public and private data.

Recent Findings
Privately available data largely consist of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) resident and faculty surveys, Letter of Notification, and Case Log reports as well as the American Board of Surgery (ABS) In-Training Exam scores. Publicly available data include program accreditation status, and ABS Qualifying and Certifying Exam first-time pass rates. Medical students and preliminary residents can use resources such as social media platforms and internet-based sources to gain more information. Lastly, program leadership can drive innovation into their curricula utilizing platforms such as the Educational Quality Improvement Program (EQIP).

Summary
Increasing access to data is allowing educators to apply quality-improvement methodology to their training programs. Utilizing all available data will allow high-quality continuous improvement in the curricula development of surgical training programs.
Removing the Human from Trademark Law
Authors: Roy Alpana , Marsoof Althaf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper envisions a future in which humans begin to entrust interconnected and intelligent devices and machines with the power to make purchasing decisions on their behalf. Artificial Intelligence (AI), together with the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology, will likely make this possible. What might be the role of trademarks and the law governing their protection in such a future? This paper responds to this question by considering how the use of AI, IoT, and blockchain technology in the retail space will impact the foundational concepts underpinning trademark law. The discussion highlights the difficulty of shifting trademark law away from its human-centric focus, where core doctrines and principles revolve around human interaction and perceptions, towards a system capable of adapting to a future where devices and machines interact with trademarks. Perhaps the time is ripe for legislative innovation in the field of trademarks.
Ethnic Identity Protects and Internalized Racism Harms Health and Coping in Asian Americans Following COVID-19 Discrimination: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Nhan Emily R. , Williamson-Raun Aisha R. , Chan Rachel , Yang Joyce P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMechanisms underlying the link between COVID-19 anti-Asian racial discrimination and psychological health are underexplored. This mixed-methods study examined the moderating effects of ethnic identity and internalized racism on the relationship between COVID discrimination and behavioral health outcomes among Asian Americans. We hypothesized that individuals with lower ethnic identity and higher internalized racism levels would demonstrate more adverse outcomes, including worsened psychological trauma and identity-avoidant behaviors, post-discrimination. Asian American participants (N = 215) responded to a Qualtrics survey, including qualitative and quantitative questions on COVID-related racism experiences, ethnic identity, internalized racism, trauma, and other subsequent effects. For qualitative analysis, participants were sorted into four subgroups defined by low- and/or high-ethnic identity and internalized racism scores, and we explored themes in participant reports of identity-related coping effects after racism. We additionally used hierarchical multiple regression analyses to quantitatively assess the moderating impact of ethnic identity and internalized racism on the relationship between COVID discrimination and trauma. Analyses revealed no moderating effects from the two identity variables. However, qualitative analyses identified themes of identity-promoting and identity-avoidant behavioral responses, and moderation analyses revealed that ethnic identity had a main effect on mitigating racial trauma, while internalized racism exacerbated both racial trauma and PTSD levels. This study identified ethnic identity and internalized racism as underlying causes to behavioral health outcomes for Asian Americans. Results offer mental health providers serving Asian clients insight into identity-related influences to help optimize culturally appropriate interventions and support initiatives of identity promotion to foster community engagement for this population.
Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior
Authors: Liu Chuyang , Xu Lu , Xiang Xueyu , Zhang Yujing , Zhou Li , Ouyang Bo , Wu Fan , Kim Dong-Hyun , Ji Guangbin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range, posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth. However, existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern. In this work, rare-earth La3+ and non-magnetic Zr4+ ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite (BaM) to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior. By leveraging the contrary impact of La3+ and Zr4+ ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated. The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. Additionally, Mössbauer spectra analysis, first-principle calculations, and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La3+ doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr4+ occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually. As a consequence, the La3+–Zr4+ co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5 + GHz covering from 27.5 to 40 + GHz, which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.
Relationships Between Macrostructure and Microstructure in Lamellar Graphite Iron Castings
Authors: Domeij Björn , Diószegi Attila 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Spherical sheet steel molds filled with gray iron melts of varying chemical compositions and metallurgical conditions were air-cooled until solid, followed directly by austempering to preserve the austenite grain structure. The castings were studied using a combination of cooling curves and quantitative metallography, in order to clarify control of the austenite grain structure and its impact on the local microstructure. A novel method utilizing fast Fourier transform provided visual overview of macroscopic trends in the scale of the flake graphite structure. Castings inoculated with Sr-containing ferrosilicon featured finer eutectic cell structure but coarser equiaxed structure of austenite, emphasizing that melt treatments applied to control the graphite structure may have unintended effects on the austenite grain structure. In most non-inoculated castings, the microstructure was banded, with alternating layers of coarse and fine flake graphite with distance from the casting surface. The extent of the columnar zone of austenite grains showed no correlation with the graphite structure nor the volume fraction of dendrites. The volume-to-surface ratio of dendrites was more uniform in the columnar zone, but increased toward the center in the equiaxed zone. The casting with the highest carbon equivalent (4.34), featured zones containing finer dendrites and graphite. These zones appear to be gaps in the early solidification structure which filled later by secondary dendritic growth from surrounding austenite. This highlights that high carbon equivalent may lead to poor dendrite coherency which can make the microstructure less uniform and less predictable.
Microstructure and tribological properties of solid lubricant-doped CMT-WAAMed Stellite deposits
Authors: Tuominen Jari , Sabr Ali , Hyvärinen Leo , Peura Pasi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA large share of the world’s total energy consumption is used to overcome friction. Therefore, low friction wear-resistant materials are needed. Solid lubricants are solid-phase materials that can reduce friction at different temperatures between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a grease or liquid oil medium. In this study, Cold Metal Transfer Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) was used to deposit solid lubricant (WS2, MoS2, CaF2) doped hypoeutectic Stellite alloy. Fabricated deposits possessed crack- and pore-free microstructures consisting of γ-Co and M7C3 carbide eutectics embedded with chromium sulfides and microhardness values of ~ 530 HV1. They were also tested in self-mated unidirectional sliding wear tests in dry conditions at room temperature (RT) and at 300 °C in an air atmosphere. The results showed that the dynamic coefficient of friction (COF) decreased ~ 27% at RT and ~ 21% at 300 °C without losing the wear properties. During sliding wear tests severe strain hardening occurred and γ-Co was found to transform to ε-Co. The developed deposits can be used as hard facings or 3D printed components in applications that require good sliding wear properties at different temperatures such as metal forming tools, power transmission components, valves, and internal parts of combustion engines.
How comprehensive is our comprehensive geriatric assessment in clinical practice? An Irish perspective
Authors: Dennehy Karen , Lynch Amy , Reddin Catriona , Daly Bart , Dukelow Tim , Canavan Michelle , Costello Maria , Murphy Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the cornerstone of high-quality care for older adults. There is no current gold standard to guide what should be included as the baseline measure for CGAs. We examined what metrics are being captured in CGA baseline assessments completed by community based integrated care teams in Ireland.

Methods
CGA’s care pathways in Ireland are usually initiated with a written document that establish patients baseline in various assessment areas. These documents were the focus of this study. We completed a cross-sectional study of the components captured in CGA baseline assessments completed in a community setting. We contacted operational leads in each of the community health organisations in Ireland and requested a copy of their current initial baseline screening document for CGA.

Results
We reviewed 16 individual CGA baseline documents for analysis in this study. Common assessment areas in all documents included frailty (with the Rockwood Clinical frailty scale used in 94%, n = 15), cognition (4AT—56% of CGAs, MMSE—25%, MOCA—25%, AMTS—19%, AD8—19%, Addenbrookes—13%, 6CIT—13%, mini cog—6%), mobility (100%, n = 16), falls (100%, n = 16), continence (100% n = 16), nutrition (100% n = 16). Mood (94%, n = 15), pain (44%, n = 7), bone health (63%, n = 10), sleep (62%, n = 10) and skin integrity (56%, n = 9). Formal functional assessment was completed in 94% (n = 15) of CGAs with the Barthel index being the tool most used 81% (n = 13). Half of the CGAs included a section describing carer strain (50%, n = 8). The majority of CGAs included a patient centred question which was some variation of ‘what matters most to me’ (75% n = 11). 87.5% of assessments included a care plan summary (n = 14).

Conclusions
This report highlights that the core tenets of CGA are being assessed across different community based initial CGA screening instruments. There was significant variability in the discussion of challenging topics such as carer strain and social well-being. Our results should prompt a discussion about whether a minimum dataset should be developed for inclusion in nationwide initial baseline CGA document, aiming to improve standardisation of assessments, which will impact areas highlighted for intervention and ultimately guide population health policy.
The impact of excessive maternal weight on the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring—a narrative review of clinical studies
Authors: Kacperska Magdalena , Mizera Józef , Pilecki Maciej , Pomierny-Chamioło Lucyna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global prevalence of overweight and obesity is a significant public health concern that also largely affects women of childbearing age. Human epidemiological studies indicate that prenatal exposure to excessive maternal weight or excessive gestational weight gain is linked to various neurodevelopmental disorders in children, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, internalizing and externalizing problems, schizophrenia, and cognitive/intellectual impairment. Considering that inadequate maternal body mass can induce serious disorders in offspring, it is important to increase efforts to prevent such outcomes. In this paper, we review human studies linking excessive maternal weight and the occurrence of mental disorders in children.
Optimizing urban green infrastructure using a highly detailed surface modeling approach
Authors: Addas Abdullah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrban trees and forests show a better ecosystem with many benefits, including pure air quality. The development of urban green infrastructure (UGI) creates a better management system that greatly impacts social values in an urban system. The UGI and construction activities are receiving much attention for their effectiveness in addressing various urban ecological, social and economic issues. Using green infrastructure in stormwater management can reduce the influence on urban sewerage systems and, eventually, on building water resources. The main goal of the research is to optimize the green infrastructure to provide a less-pollution, well-organized, and pleasurable environment for the inhabitants. Various models are used to study the present rainfall-runoff scenario, but the stormwater management model (SWMM) is the most preferable and suggested model. Once the parameters are accessed, optimizing the green infrastructure (GI) will be easy. A complete SWMM model is evaluated over the complete surface, and a hydrological measurement is presented. The evaluation study presents various component percentages: asphalt (37%), green (27%), ceiling (21%), grit (12%), and cemented area (2%), which provides rainproof coverage of approximately 60%. A design is developed about the diverse events of GI in urban exploiting the SWMM and demonstrates its stimulus on the rainfall-runoff behaviour. In recent years, very little attention has been given to green spaces in urban areas, which not only increases pollution but also decreases the urbanization. Therefore, urban green spaces are more important to improve air quality and resident living standards. Over the given scenario and the rainfall event, a decline of the quantitative discharge parameters is evident, such as discharge volume (i.e., from 3.6 to 61.8) and the peak discharge rate (i.e., from 5.4 to 62.7%). The simulation results show that green areas give high satisfaction with low construction costs, which shows the superlative performance ratio of the examined measures. From the investigation, it is also recommended to have green areas and public spaces in impervious urban areas, which greatly reduced the runoff in the project area.
Combating youth’s unemployment rate by integrating entrepreneurship in middle school education
Authors: Fute Antony , Mushi Benjamin Remen , Kangwa Daniel , Oubibi Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEntrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in fostering job creation and economic growth, underscoring the need to encourage and support youth in establishing and developing businesses. In Tanzania, where the unemployment rate stands at 2.75% as of 2021, the rising rate (from 2.2% in 2019) necessitates a profound discussion on education for poverty reduction. This study addresses three key questions: (i) from the international experiences, can the entrepreneurship education be effectively integrated into mainstream secondary schools? (ii) What strategies are preferably employed in other countries to integrate entrepreneurship into secondary education? (iii) Based on international experiences, what contextual approach can be adopted by Tanzania to integrate entrepreneurship into middle school education? By employing the PRISMA framework, document review was primarily employed to gain valuable insights. The findings highlighted the importance of teaching entrepreneurship from an early age, recommending strategies such as extracurricular activities, integration of entrepreneurship into related subjects like computer education, and offering it as a stand-alone subject, all while considering contextual factors. Although challenges persist, it is evident that Tanzania's main hurdle in entrepreneurship education and reducing unemployment lies primarily on political willingness rather than financial capacity.
Harlem, Addis, and Johannesburg: African Solidarity and African American Internationalism in Harlem from the 1960s to the 1990s
Authors: Brown Carolyn A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis 2021 ASA Presidential Lecture combines sociopolitical history with personal reflections on Black Harlem during African decolonization. It begins at the turn of the twentieth century and traces Harlem’s transformation into an international center of pan-Africanist activism and cultural production. Brown explores solidarities that grew as Harlem politicians, grassroots leaders, and residents encountered political exiles and cultural leaders from the continent, the diaspora, and aligned political movements worldwide. These alliances and modes of protest facilitated a hardening of militant activist traditions and cultural cohesion that shaped an anti-imperialist pan-African movement and ultimately a multinational Black political movement in the 1960’s to 1990s.
Mentoring up for early career investigators: Empowering mentees to proactively engage in their mentoring relationships
Authors: Sancheznieto Fátima , Asquith Pamela , Baez Bermejo Adriana , Meagher Emma A. , Pfund Christine E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Effective mentorship is recognized as critical for the professional development of clinical and translational investigators. Evidence-based mentorship training prompted the development of training for mentees at early career stages who are navigating both mentor and mentee roles. The curriculum titled, Mentoring Up for Early Career Investigators, recognizes the importance of building mentee self-efficacy across proactive mentorship skills and competencies.

Methods:
Mentoring Up for Early Career Investigators curriculum is based on the research mentor training approach in Entering Mentoring. Pilot implementations of Mentoring Up at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and University of Pennsylvania had positive training outcomes for KL2 Scholars. Subsequently, Mentoring Up was implemented and evaluated at several other institutions. For 26 implementations longer than 4 hours, data were collected on trainee demographics, satisfaction with training, skill gains across mentorship competencies, and the intent to change mentoring behaviors following training.

Results:
88% of participants rated the mentee training as valuable. Significant skill gains were reported across all mentorship competencies following training. 77% reported specific plans to change or augment their mentoring behaviors because of the training. The majority aligned with mentorship skill competencies (aligning expectations, effective communications) or mentoring up strategies (voicing needs, setting boundaries, communicating proactively).

Conclusion:
Mentoring Up training is effective in advancing mentee skills and promoting strategies to be more proactive in getting their mentoring needs met. Mentoring Up offers an expansion to the suite of mentorship education and resources to support the career advancement of all in the translational science workforce.