bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azilsartan Medoxomil: A New Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist for Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Baker William L , White William B 
Published: November 2011

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical role of azilsartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that recently gained Food and Drug Administration approval for towering of Wood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature was performed through August 2011 using MEDLINE, Web of Science, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and the key words and MeSH terms azilsartan, azilsartan medoxomil, TAK-491, TAK-536, and Edarbi. Abstracts presented in the last 2 years from the annual meetings of appropriate medical societies were reviewed in addition to a search of clintcaltrials.gov. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies eligible for inclusion were in vitro or in vivo evaluations of azilsartan medoxomil, with no restrictions on patient population or Indication. Data related to the patient populations and outcomes of interest were extracted from each publication. Data Synthesis: Three trials are available in full publication form with others available only as abstracts. Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and 60 mg daily significantly improves both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline compared with placebo, and the 80-mg dose has greater efficacy than other ARBs, including olmesartan 40 mg daily and valsartan 320 mg daily. Improvements in both 24-hour BP using ambulatory monitoring and clinic monitoring have been seen with azilsartan medoxomil as well as a higher proportion of patients reaching the goal level. Additional information shows added BP lowering when azilsartan medoxomil is combined with chlorthalidone. Adverse events are similar with azilsartan medoxomil versus other ARBs and include headache, dizziness, urinary tract infections, and fatigue. Conclusions: Azilsartan medoxomil is a safe and effective ARB with a unique pharmacologic profile versus other agents, including slowed angiotensin II type 1 receptor dissociation rates and improved receptor specificity. Studies have shown azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg once daily to reduce BP to a greater extent than valsartan and olmesartan, with similar safety and tolerability.
Relationship between copper species in solution and leaching from alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood
Authors: Pankras Sedric , Cooper Paul A. , Wylie Stephen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The effects of pH and Cu:Mea ratio in alkaline copper quat (ACQ) solution formulation on the distribution of copper-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea) complex species and Cu precipitation, and its influence on copper leaching from treated southern pine samples were investigated. Distribution of Cu in ACQ solution was studied by means of an equilibrium speciation model for aqueous systems (MINTEQA2). Conditions that favored a higher proportion of monovalent cationic complex, [Cu(Mea)2-H]1+, and precipitated copper as CuCO3(s), resulted in higher leach resistance in treated wood compared to conditions that favored the neutral copper complexes, [Cu(Mea)2-2H]0, and higher ligand copper complexes, [Cu(Mea)3]2+, [Cu(Mea)4]2+. Monovalent cationic Cu complex is maximized at a pH close to 9 with a Cu:Mea molar ratio of 1:4. Amounts of Cu leached at pH 9 were low compared to those at pH 12, where most of the Cu is present as neutral complex. Reduction of pH from 9 to 8 did not reduce Cu leaching, because of the lower cation exchange capacity of wood at the lower pH. Changing the Cu:Mea molar ratio to 1:3 at pH 9 significantly reduced the higher ligand complexes in the formulation and resulted in the majority of the copper being distributed as monovalent cationic complexes and some CuCO3(s) precipitation. These changes in 1:3 formulation significantly reduced copper leaching compared to Cu:Mea ratios of 1:4 and 1:10.
The Snomipede: A parallel platform for scanning near-field photolithography
Authors: ul-Haq Ehtsham , Liu Zhuming , Zhang Yuan , Alang Ahmad Shahrul A. , Wong Lu Shin , Hobbs Jamie K. , Leggett Graham J. , Micklefield Jason , Roberts Clive J. , Weaver John M.R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Atypical Crouzon Syndrome with a Novel Cys62Arg Mutation in FGFR2 Presenting with Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Sharma Vikram P. , Wall Steven A. , Lord Helen , Lester Tracy , Wilkie Andrew O.M. 
Published: November 2011

The management of a 1-year-old boy with Crouzonoid features is presented with a description of molecular genetic investigations that revealed a previously unreported mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene encoding the amino acid substitution p.Cys62Arg within the immunoglobin-like (IgI) domain. The patient presented in atypical fashion with severe sagittal synostosis but only mild exorbitism and hypertelorism. Owing to the progressively increasing size of the cranial occipital bullet, a total calvarial modeling procedure was performed at 8 months of age to correct the craniofacial deformity. Standard genetic testing of the major mutational “hotspots” associated with craniosynostosis was initially negative. However, further testing for atypical sites of mutation revealed a heterozygous nucleotide substitution (c.184T>C) in exon 3 of FGFR2. This mutation has not been previously reported and is only the second to be identified in the IgI domain; it was not present in either parent, indicating that it had arisen de novo. The child remains well 6 months postoperatively but will be monitored more closely compared with the usual protocol for nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis owing to the potential for increased risk of secondary complications. Key learning points from this case include the need for careful phenotypic evaluation of children presenting with apparently isolated sagittal synostosis and genetic testing for atypical mutations if the usual hotspots are negative.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection: A Clinical Trial Comparing Lopinavir/Ritonavir versus Atazanavir Each with Zidovudine/Lamivudine
Authors: Diaz–Brito Vicens , León Agathe , Knobel Hernando , Peraire Joaquim , Domingo Pere , Clotet Bonaventura , Dalmau David , Cruceta Anna , Arnaiz Joan Albert , Gatell Josep M , García Felipe ,   group the DATEMPEP study
Published: November 2011

Background A clinical trial comparing the rate of discontinuation and tolerability of two post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens was performed. Methods A total of 255 individuals attending the emergency rooms of six hospitals for exposure to HIV and criteria to receive PEP were randomized to receive zidovudine/ lamivudine plus either lopinavir/ritonavir ( n=131) or atazanavir ( n=124; day 0). The primary end point was the rate of PEP discontinuation before day 28 of follow-up. Secondary end points were incidence of side effects, follow-up at days 90 and 180 and rate of seroconversions. Results A total of 55 patients (29 in lopinavir/ritonavir and 26 in atazanavir arms) did not attend the first scheduled appointment (day 1) and were excluded from the analysis. The rate of discontinuation before day 28 owing to any cause was similar between groups (37/102 [36%] in lopinavir/ritonavir and 35/98 [36%] in atazanavir arms, P=0.82). Adverse events were the reason for discontinuation or switching of PEP in 33 individuals (16/102 [16%] in the lopinavir/ritonavir arm and 17/98 [17%] in the atazanavir arm, P=0.84). Adverse events were reported in 92/200 (46%) of individuals on PEP who attend at least the day 1 appointment (50/102 [49%] in the lopinavir/ ritonavir arm and 42/98 [43%] in the atazanavir arm, P=0.38). There were no seroconversions. Conclusions The rate of discontinuation of PEP before day 28 was similar with zidovudine/lamivudine plus either lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir. The rate of discontinuation of PEP because of adverse events was low in both arms. Almost 50% of the patients of both arms suffered side effects. New strategies are needed to improve the tolerance.
Les investisseurs privés et la recomposition du rapport centre-périphérie à Phnom Penh (Cambodge) depuis les années 1990
Authors: Pierdet Céline 
Published: November 2011

Au début des années 1990, la reconstruction des infrastructures de Phnom Penh s’engage dans un contexte de stabilisation progressive de la vie politique, en premier lieu dans les quartiers centraux couverts par les réseaux. Mais la forte spéculation foncière et immobilière des années 2005-2008 se traduit par la mise en chantier de new towns , de tours de bureaux et de condominiums hors d’échelle, tant au centre qu’à la périphérie, et destinés à mettre Phnom Penh en concurrence avec les grandes métropoles des pays voisins. De petits propriétaires fonciers de la périphérie cèdent alors leurs terres à des investisseurs privés. La municipalité cède elle aussi une partie de son domaine à ces investisseurs en échange de la réalisation d’infrastructures publiques. Ces mutations sont en grande partie sous-tendues par des investissements directs étrangers, autrement dit par les capitaux de Chinois d’Asie du Sud-Est qui s’associent à des citoyens khmers. Une recomposition du rapport centre-périphérie s’engage alors au détriment des plus pauvres, exclus de façon brutale des quartiers centraux. Faute de capitaux, et face à une nécessité de modernité, à une demande d’urbanité, la municipalité ne peut préserver leurs territoires de vie. Les limites de ce développement contrôlé par des capitaux étrangers apparaissent pourtant avec le ralentissement économique survenu en 2008.
L'entrée dans le monde de l'écrit
Authors: Bernardin Jacques 
Published: November 2011

Les difficultés récurrentes des élèves de milieux populaires face à la maitrise de l’écrit, emblème de la culture scolaire, appellent à considérer les logiques sociales qui pourraient y contribuer. Produit des interactions avec ses proches, le rapport initial à l’écrit trouve ses appuis et références dans l’espace socio-familial : quelles pratiques, quels usages de l’écrit prévalent et pourraient inspirer leurs gouts ? Par ailleurs, pour le novice, le système écrit échappe à la transparence, exige et provoque une conversion des habitudes langagières jusqu’alors implicites. Les pratiques pédagogiques prennent-elles suffisamment en compte ces dimensions ? Outre sa fonction expressive ou d’aide mémoire, quelle place est faite à l’écriture en tant qu’outil de prise de conscience et comme opérateur cognitif ?
Comment ré-agir ensemble et construire un concept biologique ?
Authors: Szterenbarg Martine 
Published: November 2011

Comment réagir lorsqu’une notion de biologie étudiée antérieurement par les élèves n’est pas acquise ? Comment faire pour que la notion biologique du « réactif », en l’occurrence, soit réellement appropriée par les élèves ? Dans la situation présentée, la professeure de biologie décide d’interrompre le cours prévu. Plutôt que de redonner oralement une définition et une explication de la notion de « réactif », elle engage les élèves à formuler par écrit ce que représente pour eux un « réactif ». C’est le travail sur les différents écrits d’élèves et à travers eux le retour sur les diverses conceptions qui va permettre à chacun de corriger la compréhension erronée qu’il avait de ce concept biologique. C’est aussi l’occasion de se livrer à une réflexion métacognitive sur ce qui a été mis en œuvre pour modifier ainsi la compréhension du concept.
A Stochastic Difference Equation with Stationary Noise on Groups
Authors: Chandiraraj Robinson Edward Raja 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe consider the stochastic difference equation on a locally compact group G, where is an automorphism of G, ξk are given G-valued random variables and ηk are unknown G-valued random variables. This equation was considered by Tsirelson and Yor on a one-dimensional torus. We consider the case when ξk have a common law μ and prove that if G is a distal group and is a distal automorphism of G and if the equation has a solution, then extremal solutions of the equation are in one-to-one correspondence with points on the coset space K\G for some compact subgroup K of G such that μ is supported on for any z in the support of μ. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of solutions to the equation.
Dancing Around the Same Spot? Land Reform and NGOs in Zimbabwe – ! e Case of SOS Children’s Villages
Authors: Helliker K D 
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the rural-based operations of an international NGO in Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. The aim is to highlight the contingent variation of NGO practices within deftned limits. It does this through ‘thick description’ of the NGO of focus, the SOS Children’s Village, and compares its ‘handling‘ of the transforming countryside with the re- sponse of two other NGOs. It concludes by suggesting some conceptual points in understanding organizational dispositions of NGOs.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy in a 6-Year-Old Child
Authors: Chhablani Jay , Jalali Subhadra 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To report a young patient with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) who recovered good visual acuity with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Methods A 6-year-old boy was noted to have diminution of vision in both eyes. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 in the right eye (OD) and 20/160 in the left eye (OS). Detailed examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed active CNV in OS. Two consecutive IVB injections (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) were given in OS. Results During the follow-up, OD showed minimal subretinal fluid on OCT and was treated with one injection of IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 mL). At 9 months of follow-up, OS BCVA was 20/50 and OD BCVA 20/30 with presence of scarred CNV on fundus examination and OCT in both the eyes. No drug-related ocular or systemic side effects were encountered. Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab appears to be a promising and cost-effective modality of treatment in CNV associated with BVMD with good visual recovery.
Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Mohd H. , Hammond Naomi E. , Brett Stephen J. , Cotta Menino O. , De Waele Jan J. , Devaux Anthony , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Dulhunty Joel M. , Elkady Hatem , Eriksson Lars , Hasan M. Shahnaz , Khan Ayesha Bibi , Lipman Jeffrey , Liu Xiaoqiu , Monti Giacomo , Myburgh John , Novy Emmanuel , Omar Shahed , Rajbhandari Dorrilyn , Roger Claire , Sjövall Fredrik , Zaghi Irene , Zangrillo Alberto , Delaney Anthony , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThere is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.ObjectiveTo determine whether prolonged β-lactam antibiotic infusions are associated with a reduced risk of death in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock compared with intermittent infusions.Data SourcesThe primary search was conducted with MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 2, 2024.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials comparing prolonged (continuous or extended) and intermittent infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and risk of bias were assessed independently by 2 reviewers. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A bayesian framework was used as the primary analysis approach and a frequentist framework as the secondary approach.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and clinical cure.ResultsFrom 18 eligible randomized clinical trials that included 9108 critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock (median age, 54 years; IQR, 48-57; 5961 men [65%]), 17 trials (9014 participants) contributed data to the primary outcome. The pooled estimated risk ratio for all-cause 90-day mortality for prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics compared with intermittent infusions was 0.86 (95% credible interval, 0.72-0.98; I2 = 21.5%; high certainty), with a 99.1% posterior probability that prolonged infusions were associated with lower 90-day mortality. Prolonged infusion of β-lactam antibiotics was associated with a reduced risk of intensive care unit mortality (risk ratio, 0.84; 95% credible interval, 0.70-0.97; high certainty) and an increase in clinical cure (risk ratio, 1.16; 95% credible interval, 1.07-1.31; moderate certainty).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong adults in the intensive care unit who had sepsis or septic shock, the use of prolonged β-lactam antibiotic infusions was associated with a reduced risk of 90-day mortality compared with intermittent infusions. The current evidence presents a high degree of certainty for clinicians to consider prolonged infusions as a standard of care in the management of sepsis and septic shock.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023399434
From Molecules to Materials: Collaborative Research at the Chemistry—Materials Science Interface and Lessons Learned in Cyclophane Chemistry
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Lahann Jörg , Bräse Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the spirit of pursuing collaborative research at the interface of chemistry and materials science for engineering cyclophane‐based functional systems, the journey from molecules to materials and a portion of the accomplishments exploring technologically‐relevant small‐molecule organic emitters, polymer thin films, and supra‐sensing through supramolecular host‐guest interactions (molecular self‐assembly) is shared. This report highlights diverse research trajectories and the importance of active collaboration within the chemistry community. It is also intended to serves young scientists who are committed to research in interdisciplinary domains. This inspires fostering global research networks and promoting industrial−academic symbiosis that bring innovations to the education environment and curriculum by sharing mutual experiences, knowledge, and specialized skills which may cut across several inter‐related disciplines.
Chiral Kirigami for Bend‐Tolerant Reconfigurable Hologram with Continuously Variable Chirality Measures
Authors: Choi Won Jin , Lee Sang Hyun , Cha Minjeong , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the commonality of static holograms, the holography with multiple information layers and reconfigurable grey‐scale images at communication frequencies remain a confluence of scientific challenges. One well‐known difficulty is the simultaneous modulation of phase and amplitude of electromagnetic wavefronts with a high modulation depth. A less appreciated challenge is scrambling of the information and images with hologram bending. Here, this work shows that chirality‐guided pixelation of plasmonic kirigami sheets enables tunable multiplexed holography at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The convex and concave structures with slanted Au strips exhibit gradual variations in geometries facilitating modulation of light ellipticity reaching 40 deg. Real‐time switching of 3D images of the letter “M” and the Mona Lisa demonstrates the possibility of complex grey‐scale information content and importance of continuously variable mirror asymmetry. Microscale chirality measures of each pixel experiences little change with bending while retaining controllable reconfigurability upon stretching, which translates to remarkable resilience of chiral holograms to bending. Simplicity of their design with local chirality measures opens the door to information technologies with fault‐tolerant THz encryption, wearable holographic devices, and new communication technologies.
The Implication and Application of Brain Glymphatic System in Multiple Diseases
Authors: Du Yufan , Yan Chenxing , Wang Yazhen , Xu Yanyan , Cun Xingli , Gao Huile 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe glymphatic system within the central nervous system (CNS) facilitates the exchange and elimination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF), aiding in the removal of potentially poisonous metabolic wastes to maintain brain stability. Sleep and Aquaporin‐4 (AQP‐4) expression positively regulate the glymphatic system. When sleep is disturbed and AQP‐4 polarization is inhibited, the glymphatic system is impaired, leading to the inability to effectively eliminate soluble wastes from the brain. This disruption can potentially contribute to, or accelerate, the progression of various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as non‐CNS diseases, like diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Therefore, the normal functioning of the glymphatic system is essential for the recovery from both CNS diseases and non‐CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of the constituents and functions of the glymphatic system in the brain, specifically highlighting the glymphatic system lesions in different diseases is provided. Additionally, currently unresolved questions pertaining to this topic are summarized. Ultimately, the cerebral glymphatic system is expected to be a novel and promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases.
Machine Learning Assisted Electronic/Ionic Skin Recognition of Thermal Stimuli and Mechanical Deformation for Soft Robots
Authors: Shi Xuewei , Lee Alamusi , Yang Bo , Ning Huiming , Liu Haowen , An Kexu , Liao Hansheng , Huang Kaiyan , Wen Jie , Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Lidan , Gu Bin , Hu Ning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoft robots have the advantage of adaptability and flexibility in various scenarios and tasks due to their inherent flexibility and mouldability, which makes them highly promising for real‐world applications. The development of electronic skin (E‐skin) perception systems is crucial for the advancement of soft robots. However, achieving both exteroceptive and proprioceptive capabilities in E‐skins, particularly in terms of decoupling and classifying sensing signals, remains a challenge. This study presents an E‐skin with mixed electronic and ionic conductivity that can simultaneously achieve exteroceptive and proprioceptive, based on the resistance response of conductive hydrogels. It is integrated with soft robots to enable state perception, with the sensed signals further decoded using the machine learning model of decision trees and random forest algorithms. The results demonstrate that the newly developed hydrogel sensing system can accurately predict attitude changes in soft robots when subjected to varying degrees of pressing, hot pressing, bending, twisting, and stretching. These findings that multifunctional hydrogels combine with machine learning to decode signals may serve as a basis for improving the sensing capabilities of intelligent soft robots in future advancements.