bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Internet Search Data as a Potential Tool for Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Downing Gregory J. , Tramontozzi Lucas M. , Garcia Jackson , Villanueva Emma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the potential and challenges of utilizing internet search data in medical diagnosis, focusing on ethical, technical, and policy considerations by assessing the current state of research, identifying gaps and limitations, and proposing future research directions to advance this emerging field.MethodsA comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature and informational interviews with subject matter experts was conducted to examine the landscape of internet search data utilization in medical research. Searchers were performed for published peer-reviewed literature in PubMed (October to December 2023).ResultsSystematic selection according to predefined criteria resulted in the inclusion of 43 articles of the 2,499 identified citations. The analysis revealed a nascent domain of internet search data research in medical diagnosis, characterized by advancements in analytics and data integration. Although significant challenges such as bias, data privacy, and infrastructure limitations hinder widespread adoption, emerging initiatives could reshape data collection methodologies and privacy safeguards.ConclusionsSignals correlating with diagnostic considerations have been identified in certain diseases and conditions, indicating the potential for such data to enhance clinical diagnostic capabilities. However, leveraging internet search data for improved early diagnosis and healthcare outcomes requires effectively addressing ethical, technical, and policy challenges. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, advancing infrastructure development, and prioritizing patient engagement and consent, researchers can unlock the transformative potential of internet search data in medical diagnosis to ultimately enhance patient care and advance healthcare practice and policy.
A 360º View for Large Language Models: Early Detection of Amblyopia in Children using Multi-View Eye Movement Recordings
Authors: Upadhyaya Dipak P. , Shaikh Aasef G. , Cakir Gokce Busra , Prantzalos Katrina , Golnari Pedram , Ghasia Fatema F. , Sahoo Satya S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder that affects approximately 3-5% of children globally and it can lead to vision loss if it is not diagnosed and treated early. Traditional diagnostic methods, which rely on subjective assessments and expert interpretation of eye movement recordings presents challenges in resource-limited eye care centers. This study introduces a new approach that integrates the Gemini large language model (LLM) with eye-tracking data to develop a classification tool for diagnosis of patients with amblyopia. The study demonstrates: (1) LLMs can be successfully applied to the analysis of fixation eye movement data to diagnose patients with amblyopia; and (2) Input of medical subject matter expertise, introduced in this study in the form of medical expert augmented generation (MEAG), is an effective adaption of the generic retrieval augmented generation (RAG) approach for medical applications using LLMs. This study introduces a new multi-view prompting framework for ophthalmology applications that incorporates fine granularity feedback from pediatric ophthalmologist together with in-context learning to report an accuracy of 80% in diagnosing patients with amblyopia. In addition to the binary classification task, the classification tool is generalizable to specific subpopulations of amblyopic patients based on severity of amblyopia, type of amblyopia, and with or without nystagmus. The model reports an accuracy of: (1) 83% in classifying patients with moderate or severe amblyopia, (2) 81% in classifying patients with mild or treated amblyopia; and (3) 85% accuracy in classifying patients with nystagmus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that defines a multiview prompting framework with MEAG to analyze eye tracking data for the diagnosis of amblyopic patients.
The combination ofSPP1knockdown and gemcitabine treatment enhances apoptosis and reduces invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Xelwa Ntombikayise , Naicker Previn , Omoshoro-Jones Jones , Devar John , Smith Martin , Candy Geoffrey , Augustine Tanya Nadine , Nweke Ekene Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poised to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite developing new treatment strategies, patient outcomes have not significantly improved. Chemoresistance has been implicated as a major contributor to ineffective treatments observed with studies suggesting combination therapy targeting multiple pathways. This study explored dysregulated genes in tumours of PDAC patients to identify targets which could be used effectively in combination with conventional therapy against cancer cells.MethodsIn this study, PCR arrays were used for gene expression profiling of tumours obtained from South African PDAC patients to identify key differentially expressed pathways and potentially new therapeutic target genes.SPP1was selected and RNA interference was used to knock the gene down. Migration and apoptosis assays were used to evaluate the effect of the knockdown, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, on a pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2. Proteomic analysis using SWATH-MS was used to demonstrate potential molecular mechanisms linked to the morphological and phenotypical effects observed with treatment.ResultsWe demonstrated several genes linked to the growth factor and signal transduction signalling pathways, and identifiedSPP1as a target. We observed that by combiningSPP1knockdown with conventional chemotherapy, gemcitabine, resulted in a synergistic effect, leading to an enhanced early apoptotic response. A decline of migratory and invasive capabilities of MIA PaCa-2 cells was observed upon subjecting the cancer cells toSPP1reduction and gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, proteomic analyses uncovered several pathways that were dysregulated by the combination therapy including both pro-and anti-tumorigenic ones.ConclusionThe study findings indicate thatSPP1could be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC, and the possible synergistic effects observed whenSPP1knockdown was combined with gemcitabine treatment suggest a potential avenue for developing more effective treatments for PDAC while exploring tumour cell adaptation for survival.
Dietary preference and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a wide-angle Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lee Mia D. , Voight Benjamin F. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSusceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is driven by genetic and environmental risk factors. Dietary preferences are a modifiable and largely environmental risk factor for T2D. The role of diet in disease liability has been limited to observational and epidemiologic studies with mixed findings.ObjectiveTo clarify the role of diet on susceptibility to T2D using genetic variants associated dietary preferences.MethodsWe collected genome-wide association data for 38 dietary preference traits plus T2D and 21 related cardiometabolic traits. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variants to test causal hypotheses between diet as the exposure and T2D or cardiometabolic traits as outcomes using univariable and multivariable methods along with the MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR-RAPS) approach to increase power. We performed mediation analyses to evaluate the effects of dietary preferences on T2D to elucidate potential causal graphs and estimate the effects of dietary preferences mediated by potential mediators.ResultsWe report 17 significant relationships between dietary preferences and T2D or a cardiometabolic risk factor (Bonferroni-corrected P < 5.99 x 10-5), including that higher intake of cheese, dried fruit, muesli, or fat-based spreads protected against T2D. We detected 7 additional associations (Bonferroni-corrected P < 1 x 10-4), with inclusion of additional genetic variants in MR-RAPS analysis. In multivariable MR, we discovered that body mass index (BMI) was a common, shared mediator for many of these observed associations. In mediation analysis, we confirmed that substantial proportions of the protective effects of cheese, dried fruit and muesli intakes on T2D were mediated by BMI. We further observed that educational attainment was an additional mediator exclusively for muesli intake-T2D association.ConclusionsOur results provide genetic evidence supporting a link between diet and body weight, and are in line with observation of obesity and T2D in individuals and their specific preferences for food.
Is amnestic mild cognitive impairment a neuro-immune condition?
Authors: Tran-Chi Vinh-Long , Maes Michael , Nantachai Gallayaporn , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Solmi Marco , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Stoyanova Kristina , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation.AimsTo assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSOA) scores.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 Thai aMCI participants and 60 healthy old adults (both without MDD). The Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine 27-plex test kit and LUMINEX 200 were used to assay cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in fasting plasma samples.ResultsaMCI is characterized by significant general immnosuppression, and reductions in T helper 1 (Th)1 and T cell growth profiles, the immune-inflammatory responses system, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL7, IL12p70, IL13, GM-CSF, and MCP-1 as compared with controls. These 7 cytokines/chemokines exhibit neuroprotective effects at physiologic concentrations. In multivariate analyses, three neurotoxic chemokines, CCL11, CCL5, and CXCL8, emerged as significant predictors of aMCI. Logistic regression showed that aMCI was best predicted by combining IL7, IL1β, MCP-1, years of education (all inversely associated) and CCL5 (positively associated). We found that 38.2% of the variance in the qMCI score was explained by IL7, IL1β, MCP-1, IL13, years of education (inversely associated) and CCL5 (positively associated). The DSOA were not associated with any immune data.DiscussionA dysbalance between lowered levels of neuroprotective cytokines and chemokines, and relative increases in neurotoxic chemokines are key factors in aMCI. Future MCI research should always control for the confounding effects of affective symptoms.
The Role of Sepsis Care in Rural Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study of Emergency Department User Perspectives
Authors: Mohr Nicholas M. , Merchant Kimberly A.S. , Fuller Brian M. , Faine Brett , Mack Luke , Bell Amanda , DeJong Katie , Parker Edith A. , Mueller Keith , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Carpenter Christopher R. , Jones Michael P. , Simpson Steven Q. , Ward Marcia M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveSepsis is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in the United States, and rural patients are at particularly high risk. Telehealth has been proposed as one strategy to narrow rural-urban disparities. The objective of this study was to understand why staff use provider-to-provider telehealth in rural emergency departments (tele-ED) and how tele-ED care changes the care for rural patients with sepsis.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative interview study between March 1, 2022 and May 22, 2023 with participants from upper Midwest rural EDs the tele-ED hub physicians in a single tele-ED network that delivers provider-to-provider consultation for sepsis patients. One interviewer conducted individual telephone interviews, then we used standard qualitative methods based on modified grounded theory to identify themes and domains.ResultsWe interviewed 27 participants, and from the interviews we identified nine themes within three domains. Participants largely felt tele-ED for sepsis was valuable in their practice. We identified that telehealth was consulted to facilitate interhospital transfer, provide surge capacity for small teams, to adhere with policy around provider scope of practice, for inexperienced providers, and for patients with increased severity of illness or complex comorbidities. Barriers to tele-ED use and impact of tele-ED included increased sepsis care standardization, provider reluctance, and sepsis diagnostic uncertainty. Additionally, we identified that real-time education and training were important secondary benefits identified from tele-ED use.ConclusionsTele-ED care was used by rural providers for sepsis treatment, but many barriers existed that may have limited potential benefits to its use.
Validation and Convergent Validity of the Boston Cognitive Assessment (BOCA) in an Italian Population: A Comparative Study with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum
Authors: Padovani Alessandro , Caratozzolo Salvatore , Galli Alice , Crosani Luca , Zampini Silvio , Cosseddu Maura , Turrone Rosanna , Zancanaro Andrea , Gumina Bianca , Vicini-Chilovi Barbara , Benussi Alberto , Vyshedskiy Andrey , Pilotto Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Boston Cognitive Assessment (BOCA) is a self-administered online test developed for cognitive screening and longitudinal monitoring of brain health in an aging population. The study aimed to validate BOCA in an Italian population and to investigate the convergent validity with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) in normal controls and subjects within the Alzheimer Disease spectrum.MethodsBOCA was administered to 150 participants, including cognitively healthy controls (HC, n=50), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=50), and dementia (DEM, n=50). The BOCA reliability was assessed using i) Spearman’s correlation analysis between subscales; ii) Cronbach’s alpha calculation, and iii) Principal Component Analysis. Repeated-measures ANOVA was employed to assess the impact of the sequence of test administrations between the groups. BOCA performance between HS, MCI and DEM were compared using Kruskall Wallis test. Furthermore, a comparison was conducted between MCI patients who tested positive for amyloid and those who tested negative, utilizing Mann Whitney’s U-test.ResultsTest scores were significantly different between patients and controls (p<0.001) suggesting good discriminative ability. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82 indicating a good internal consistency of the BOCA subscales and strong-to-moderate Spearman’s correlation coefficients between them. BOCA demonstrated strong correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (rho=0.790, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe Italian version of the BOCA test exhibited validity, feasibility, and accurate discrimination.
Real-World Outcomes and Predictors of Accelerated rTMS Treatment Response for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: DeSouza Danielle D. , Nakano Erica , Hoang Vivian , Hoang Kim , Ling David , Muir Owen , Meng Nathan , DeGaetano Noah , Siddiqi Shan H. , Carreon David 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAccelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a high-dose precision-targeted treatment that can induce rapid remission from depressive symptoms with only five days of treatment. However, real-world outcomes and the various demographic, clinical, and treatment variables that influence its effectiveness are not fully known.ObjectiveTo determine real-world outcomes of accelerated rTMS treatment for treatment-resistant depression and identify predictors of treatment response.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 226 individuals treated in an outpatient clinic. Demographics, clinical history, and accelerated rTMS treatment parameters were extracted from medical records. Outcomes were evaluated within 1-month of treatment and general linear models examined predictors of treatment response in various subgroups.ResultsAccelerated rTMS demonstrated substantial response rates within the first month (66% with neuronavigation; 63% without neuronavigation). Response rate was independent of the number of antidepressant failures, prior ECT, or prior TMS, illustrating its utility for patients with a high degree of treatment resistance. Significant predictors of positive treatment response included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-guided targets and female gender.DiscussionAccelerated rTMS is effective for treatment-resistant depression in an outpatient clinical setting. fMRI-guided targeting significantly improved outcomes, suggesting that it provides added benefit over conventional targeting. Additionally, female patients showed better responses, in line with previous literature. These findings highlight the value of personalized approaches in clinical practice and warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials.
Informatic tools for diagnosis in dentistry. A compilation review
Authors: Chaple Gil Alain Manuel , Damas Heredia Solanch de la Caridad , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to compile the computer tools available in the scientific literature aimed at diagnosis in dentistry. A scoping review was conducted usingPubMed,Scopus, andWeb of Science. Were include, original researches type articles, Articles that reported the usefulness of a computer/technological tool that helps diagnosis in dental practice, Articles published in the last 20 years (period 2004-2024) and written in English and Spanish. Online toolRayyan®was used to establish homogeneity in the review of the authors on a single online platform where they had access and could centralize the results. Variables were extracted from the articles included in the study. In total, 12648 records were retrieved from the database. After decantation, 39 reports described 36 computer tools used for diagnosis in dentistry. More informatic tools related to "Restorative Dentistry’ have been developed than the rest of the specialties 14 (40%). Python was the predominant programming language, 83.3% of the tools were validated, and 27.8% were free. Informatics tools in dentistry enhance the diagnosis and treatment planning. However, a robust regulatory framework is required for validation prior to clinical implementation. Continuous training of dental professionals using these technologies is crucial to maximize their benefits and ensure optimal patient care. More research is needed to explore the potential of informatics applications in dentistry, their integration into existing health systems, and their accessibility in resource-limited areas.
Determining important features for dengue diagnosis using feature selection methods
Authors: Bria Yulianti Paula , Nani Paskalis Andrianus , Siki Yovinia Carmeneja Hoar , Mamulak Natalia Magdalena Rafu , Meolbatak Emiliana Metan , Guntur Robertus Dole 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis research aims to determine the important features including symptoms and risk factors for dengue diagnosis.MethodsThe dataset for this study is in the form of medical records collected from two hospitals in East Nusa Tenggara Province including Kewapante and Soe hospitals. Feature selection methods including feature importance, recursive feature elimination, correlation matrix from Pearson’s correlation coefficient and KBest were leveraged to determine important features. Important features were also gathered from fifteen Indonesian medical doctors to confirm the results. To obtain the best significant features for dengue prediction, we used six machine learning techniques including logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, eXtreme gradient boosting, random forests, Naïve Bayes and support vector machines.ResultsThe random forest classifier yields the highest accuracy for the best combination of features with the accuracy of 0.93 (LR: 0.90 (0.04), KNN: 0.89 (0.04), XGBoost: 0.91 (0.03), RF: 0.93 (0.04), NB: 0.88 (0.09), SVM: 0.89 (0.04)) and precision of 0.90 (LR: 0.86 (0.22), KNN: 0.67 (0.14), XGBoost: 0.77 (0.13), RF: 0.90 (0.13), NB: 0.66 (0.20), SVM: 0.66 (0.18)). This study shows the significant features for dengue diagnosis including fever, fever duration, headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, shivering, malaise, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, rash, bleeding nose, bitter mouth, temperature and age.ConclusionsThis beneficial information can help society in differentiating dengue from non-dengue diseases including malaria, typhoid fever, COVID-19 and other dengue-like symptoms diseases. This is pivotal to educate society to seek medical advice when dengue symptoms appear.
Reasons for Protocol Deviations & Missed Antibiotic Doses in Patients Undergoing Oncological Endoprosthetic Reconstruction
Authors: Uppal Serena , Farrukh Hadia , Ghert Michelle 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundResearch study protocols are critical in study design, however study implementation can be subject to protocol deviations. The Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial assessed prophylactic intravenous antibiotics on the rate of surgical site infection in patients undergoing oncological endoprosthetic reconstruction of the lower extremity. The objective of this study was to identify the protocol deviations – missed antibiotic doses – in the PARITY trial, and determine the causes of the protocol deviations.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of the PARITY trial data set. The patients in the original trial were randomized to receive either 24 hours or five days of postoperative intravenous antibiotics, for a total of 15 doses. Patients that missed doses and the reason for each missed dose were recorded in the database and summarized descriptively herein. This data was then compared between clinical sites with high and low volume, between nationalities and between the economic development status of the clinical site location.ResultsThe PARITY trial included 604 participants with 218 patients missing at least one antibiotic dose. The most common reason across all clinical sites was that patients were discharged earlier than the five-day protocol. This finding was consistent across high and low volume sites and across clinical sites in areas of different economic development. The reasons for protocol deviations varied across clinical sites of different nationalities.ConclusionsProtocol deviations – missed antibiotic doses – were common but of minimal severity in the PARITY trial. The most commonly reported reason for missed antibiotic doses was discharge earlier than the five-day protocol and not due to clinical site personnel error. Nevertheless, this study did identify actionable improvements to study protocol adherence such as careful monitoring of drug administration, investigator equipment, and availability of study drug.