bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Division and spreading of attention across color
Authors: Martinovic Jasna , Boyanova Antoniya , Andersen Søren K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Biological systems must allocate limited perceptual resources to relevant elements in their environment. This often requires simultaneous selection of multiple elements from the same feature dimension (e.g. color). To establish the determinants of divided attentional selection of color, we conducted an experiment that used multicolored displays with four overlapping random dot kinematograms that differed only in hue. We manipulated (i) requirement to focus attention to a single color or divide it between two colors; (ii) distances of distractor hues from target hues in a perceptual color space. We conducted a behavioral and an electroencephalographic experiment, in which each color was tagged by a specific flicker frequency and driving its own steady-state visual evoked potential. Behavioral and neural indices of attention showed several major consistencies. Concurrent selection halved the neural signature of target enhancement observed for single targets, consistent with an approximately equal division of limited resources between two hue-selective foci. Distractors interfered with behavioral performance in a context-dependent fashion but their effects were asymmetric, indicating that perceptual distance did not adequately capture attentional distance. These asymmetries point towards an important role of higher-level mechanisms such as categorization and grouping-by-color in determining the efficiency of attentional allocation in complex, multicolored scenes.
Contributions of repeated learning to memory in humans: insights from single-neuron recordings in the hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Xiao Xinyu , Li Jin , Cao Dan , Zhang Jiaqi , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite the well-established phenomenon of improved memory performance through repeated learning, studies investigating the associated neural mechanisms have yielded complex and sometimes contradictory findings, and direct evidence from human neuronal recordings has been lacking. This study employs single-neuron recordings with exceptional spatial–temporal resolution, combined with representational similarity analysis, to explore the neural dynamics within the hippocampus and amygdala during repeated learning. Our results demonstrate that in the hippocampus, repetition enhances both representational specificity and fidelity, with these features predicting learning times. Conversely, the amygdala exhibits heightened representational specificity and fidelity during initial learning but does not show improvement with repetition, suggesting functional specialization of the hippocampus and amygdala during different stages of the learning repetition. Specifically, the hippocampus appears to contribute to sustained engagement necessary for benefiting from repeated learning, while the amygdala may play a role in the representation of novel items. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between these brain regions in memory processes.
Significance statement For over a century, understanding how repetition contributes to memory enhancement has captivated researchers, yet direct neuronal evidence has been lacking, with a primary focus on the hippocampus and a neglect of the neighboring amygdala. Employing advanced single-neuron recordings and analytical techniques, this study unveils a nuanced functional specialization within the amygdala-hippocampal circuit during various learning repetition. The results highlight the hippocampus’s role in sustaining engagement for improved memory with repetition, contrasting with the amygdala’s superior ability in representing novel items. This exploration not only deepens our comprehension of memory enhancement intricacies but also sheds light on potential interventions to optimize learning and memory processes.
Medicaid Enrollment and Intergenerational Transfers of Wealth Among Older Adults
Authors: Spishak-Thomas Amanda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Medicaid look-back periods are meant to prevent Medicaid applicants from gifting assets to meet eligibility requirements. These policies have the potential to affect families across generations given their ability to restrict the transfer of assets between parent and child.

Research Design and Methods
Using 2008–2018 data from the Health and Retirement Study, this study analyzed the estate planning and familial wealth transfer behaviors of a cohort of older adults aged 65 and older who became Medicaid recipients during a 10-year period.

Results
There were 8,347 respondents aged 65 and older in 2008 and 11.96% of respondents who were not Medicaid recipients at baseline became recipients over the study period. A little more than one third (36.47%) of Medicaid recipients participated in estate planning and asset transfer prior to becoming a recipient, with significant differences among select demographic characteristics. Married recipients were more likely to transfer money compared to their widowed counterparts (51.69% compared to 36.44%; p &lt; .001) and transferred larger amounts compared to those unmarried ($16,286.94 compared to 5,379.13). White, well-educated, married, men participated in higher rates of estate planning, likely a reflection of who has access to resources to make necessary arrangements early.

Discussion and Implications
This analysis concludes that more structurally advantaged groups are more likely to engage in estate planning prior to Medicaid enrollment. This analysis demonstrates that some individuals may circumvent Medicaid policies like look-back periods and estate recovery, while others cannot. Policymakers should consider policies that promote the financial health of low-income families.
SL n Contravariant Matrix-Valued Valuations on Polytopes
Authors: Zeng Chunna , Zhou Yuqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Without any continuity assumptions, a complete classification of $\textrm{SL}(n)$ contravariant, matrix-valued valuations on convex polytopes is established. Furthermore, the constraint for matrix symmetry is removed. If $n\geq 4$, then such valuations are uniquely characterized by the generic Lutwak–Yang–Zhang matrix; in dimension three, a new function appears. The classification result in the 2-dimensional case is consistent with the established example of $\textrm{SL}(2)$-equivariant matrix-valued valuation.
Establishing Correlates of Maternal-Fetal Cytomegalovirus Transmission—One Step Closer Through Predictive Modeling
Authors: Marchant Arnaud , Adali Sancar , Alsdurf Hannah , Bol Vanesa , Capelle Xavier , De Schrevel Nathalie , Delroisse Jean-Marc , Devlieger Roland , Dieussaert Ilse , Donner Catherine , Janssens Michel , Loquet Philip , Panackal Anil A , Seidl Claudia , van den Berg Robert A , Paris Robert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Determinants of maternal-fetal cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission and factors influencing the severity of congenital CMV (cCMV) infection are not well understood.

Methods
We conducted a descriptive, multicenter study in pregnant women ≥18 years old with primary CMV infection and their newborns to explore maternal immune responses to CMV and determine potential immunologic/virologic correlates of cCMV following primary infection during pregnancy. We developed alternative approaches looking into univariate/multivariate factors associated with cCMV, including a participant clustering/stratification approach and an interpretable predictive model–based approach using trained decision trees for risk prediction (post hoc analyses).

Results
Pregnant women were grouped in 3 distinct clusters with similar baseline characteristics, particularly gestational age at diagnosis. We observed a trend for higher viral loads in urine and saliva samples from mothers of infants with cCMV versus without cCMV. When using a trained predictive-model approach that accounts for interaction effects between variables, anti-pentamer immunoglobulin G antibody concentration and viral load in saliva were identified as biomarkers jointly associated with the risk of maternal-fetal CMV transmission.

Conclusions
We identified biomarkers of CMV maternal-fetal transmission. After validation in larger studies, our findings will guide the management of primary infection during pregnancy and the development of vaccines against cCMV.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01251744.
Internal carbon recycling by heterotrophic prokaryotes compensates for mismatches between phytoplankton production and heterotrophic consumption
Authors: Eigemann Falk , Tait Karen , Temperton Ben , Hellweger Ferdi L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molecular observational tools are useful for characterizing the composition and genetic endowment of microbial communities but cannot measure fluxes, which are critical for the understanding of ecosystems. To overcome these limitations, we used a mechanistic inference approach to estimate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production and consumption by phytoplankton operational taxonomic units and heterotrophic prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants and inferred carbon fluxes between members of this microbial community from Western English Channel time-series data. Our analyses focused on phytoplankton spring and summer blooms, as well as bacteria summer blooms. In spring blooms, phytoplankton DOC production exceeds heterotrophic prokaryotic consumption, but in bacterial summer blooms heterotrophic prokaryotes consume three times more DOC than produced by the phytoplankton. This mismatch is compensated by heterotrophic prokaryotic DOC release by death, presumably from viral lysis. In both types of summer blooms, large amounts of the DOC liberated by heterotrophic prokaryotes are reused through internal recycling, with fluxes between different heterotrophic prokaryotes being at the same level as those between phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotes. In context, internal recycling accounts for approximately 75% and 30% of the estimated net primary production (0.16 vs 0.22 and 0.08 vs 0.29 μmol l−1 d−1) in bacteria and phytoplankton summer blooms, respectively, and thus represents a major component of the Western English Channel carbon cycle. We have concluded that internal recycling compensates for mismatches between phytoplankton DOC production and heterotrophic prokaryotic consumption, and we encourage future analyses on aquatic carbon cycles to investigate fluxes between heterotrophic prokaryotes, specifically internal recycling.
The role of gaming for information, education and communication of AMR: full review of online education resources
Authors: Trehan Romita , Goujet Raphael , Sharma Tina , Vats Abhinav , Patel Nidhiben , Bhardwaj Anshu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The first objective of the Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is to improve awareness and understanding of AMR through effective communication, education and training. Towards this several efforts have been made to create AMR awareness resources. The aim of these resources is to inform the public about responsible antibiotic use and drive positive behavioural change. Digital media and specifically games can serve as unique innovative platforms in public communication programmes.

Objectives
This study focuses on compiling and evaluating game-based AMR resources. Recognizing the engaging and creative potential of games as learning tools, the primary objective of this study was to identify games that can be used, individually or in combination depending on their unique focus and gameplay experience, for AMR awareness. Furthermore, games are evaluated on five objective criteria and recommendations are made towards further development of gaming resources towards AMR awareness.

Methods
Meticulous curation was performed to mine information, education and communication resources, with a primary focus on games for AMR awareness and evaluating them based on game design and gameplay, AMR content and learning, engagement and replay appeal, learning outcomes, and level of difficulty and challenges.

Results
In this study, we selected 12 AMR games. Our evaluations, spanning various gamification elements and interactive parameters, informed recommendations for future AMR resource development, including multilevel game design, varied graphics, simple-to-understand rules, sustained challenge and a sense of reward, among others.

Conclusions
This study generated the first-ever comprehensive catalogue of AMR games that may assist public communication programmes for AMR awareness. Evaluation of these games led to actionable design recommendations for future resources towards effective communication of AMR complexity, enhanced learning and awareness.
Identities without Products: When the Preference for Self-Linked Products Weakens
Authors: Weiss Liad , Tanner Robin J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extant literature and common marketing practices converge around the idea that stronger self-links to a brand and its products lead to increased brand loyalty. In this article, we challenge this conventional notion by revealing situations where the preference for self-linked brands diminishes, despite the self-links remaining unchanged. We introduce a key distinction between two types of consumer identities based on whether identity expression relies on specific products: product-dependent (e.g., chef) and product-independent (e.g., foodie). Our theory posits that self-links to products exert less influence on preference when a product-independent identity is prominent. Across five studies examining consumer leisure identities, we find that priming a product-independent (vs. product-dependent) identity reduces preference for self-linked products/brands. Interestingly, it can also enhance preference for negatively self-linked (dissociative) products/brands among materialistic consumers. In a sixth experiment and a real-world Facebook study, we illustrate that the extent to which consumers’ identity is chronically product-independent can be assessed either directly or indirectly from social media interests, allowing for more effective targeting of brand-switching appeals. Adding to the literature on the symbolic role of products in identity expression, our research uniquely investigates the functional role of products in identity expression and its profound impact on product/brand preference.
Estimates of net primary productivity and actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau from the Community Land Model version 4.5 with four atmospheric forcing datasets
Authors: Lin Shan , Huang Kewei , Sun Xiangyang , Song Chunlin , Sun Juying , Sun Shouqin , Wang Genxu , Hu Zhaoyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models (LSM). Particularly in high-altitude regions, choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM simulations. Therefore, this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing datasets. The performances of CRUNCEP (CLM4.5 model default) and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets (i.e. ITPCAS, GSWP3 and WFDEI) in simulating the net primary productivity (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) were evaluated based on in situ and gridded reference datasets. Compared with in situ observations, simulated results exhibited determination coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.58 to 0.84 and 0.59 to 0.87 for observed NPP and ET, respectively, among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior performance. At the plateau level, CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared with the reference NPP and ET. GSWP3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and ET. The simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982–2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET, suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the TP. These results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the TP. This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water–carbon simulations over alpine regions.
Provisional SPS Measures
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on provisional sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. In this context, it analyzes in details four constituting conditions of Article 5.7: (i) a measure must be imposed in respect of a situation where ‘relevant scientific information is insufficient’; (ii) such a measure needs to be adopted ‘on the basis of available pertinent information’; (iii) the Member in question must ‘seek to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective assessment of risk’; and (iv) the Member in question must ‘review the . . . measure accordingly within a reasonable period of time’. The chapter also looks at the dispute settlement dimensions of Article 5.7, examining the problem of burden of proof and applicable standard of review. Last but not least, the chapter analyzes the status of the precautionary principle in the context of the SPS Agreement.
Control, Inspection, and Approval Procedures
Authors: Gruszczynski Lukasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the notion of control, inspection, and approval procedures found in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). It mentions that proceduralism is a key element of many modern theories of regulations, citing its influence on the relationship of private and public actors. Procedures are increasingly deployed as instruments to induce reflexivity in governance and the ongoing, contextual, elaboration of norms. Against this background, the chapter elaborates on the procedures indicated in Article 8 and Annex C of the SPS Agreement as developed by the WTO dispute settlement bodies.
Co-evolution of dust grains and protoplanetary disks. II. Structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks: An analytical approach
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In our previous study (Tsukamoto et al. 2023b, PASJ, 75, 835), we investigated the formation and early evolution of protoplanetary disks with 3D non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations considering dust growth, and found that the modified equations of the conventional steady accretion disk model that consider magnetic braking, dust growth, and ambipolar diffusion reproduce the disk structure (such as density and vertical magnetic field) obtained from simulations very well. In this paper, as a sequel to our previous study, we analytically investigate the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks corresponding to Class 0/I young stellar objects using the modified steady accretion disk model combining an analytical model of envelope accretion. We estimate that the disk radius is several astronomical units at the disk formation epoch and increases to several hundred astronomical units at the end of the accretion phase. The disk mass is estimated to be $0.01 \lesssim M_{\rm disk} \lesssim 0.1 \, M_\odot$ for a disk with a radius of several tens of astronomical units and a mass accretion rate of $\dot{M}_{\rm disk} \sim 10^{-6} \, M_\odot \,\, {\rm yr^{-1}}$. These estimates seems to be consistent with recent observations. We also found that, with typical disk ionization rates (ζ ≳ 10−19 s−1) and a moderate mass accretion rate ($\dot{M}_{\rm disk}\gtrsim 10^{-8} \, M_\odot \,\, {\rm yr^{-1}}$), magnetorotational instability is suppressed in the disk because of low plasma β and efficient ambipolar diffusion. We argue that the radial profile of specific angular momentum (or rotational velocity) at the disk outer edge should be continuously connected to that of the envelope if the disk evolves by magnetic braking, and should be discontinuous if the disk evolves by an internal angular momentum transport process such as gravitational instability or magnetorotational instability. Future detailed observations of the specific angular momentum profile around the disk outer edge are important for understanding the angular momentum transport mechanism of protoplanetary disks.
Nudging down residential burglaries: A randomized control trial
Authors: Crowe Andrew , Cooper John , Roach Jason 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although the use of ‘nudges’ to influence decision-making and behaviour continues to be widely adopted by social policymakers, such as encouraging increases in organ donations, it is yet to get a similar foothold in the thinking and practice of reducing crime and policing. This paper seeks to assess the utility of the Nudge approach for achieving a reduction in residential burglary in Durham, England, by testing its efficacy using a Randomised Control Trial.
Danielle Allen's Design for Democracy: A Review Essay
Authors: Johnston David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Justice by Means of Democracy, author Danielle Allen argues that justice in the fullest sense requires a robust set of democratic institutions and practices. Focused on the United States, the author challenges the idea that justice can be achieved by first maximizing economic output and then redistributing funds and benefits to enhance the welfare of poor and less-well-off people. In the book, Allen suggests a wide range of policy proposals and institutional reforms intended to lead toward participatory constitutional democracy; social practices that enable people to make connections across divides of race, class, and the like; a more inclusive approach to immigration and integration of immigrants into American society; and an economy that empowers ordinary people and strengthens democracy. However, the author's arguments for these proposals suffer from lack of intellectual clarity about principles, institutions, and democratic practices. The argument is also weakened by its avoidance of the hard issues that arise when scholars and others turn from lofty principles to attempts to implement them. Consequently, the book falls far short of achieving its bold ambitions.