A world-wide key to the genusGraphis(Ostropales:Graphidaceae)
Authors: LÜCKING Robert , ARCHER Alan W. , APTROOT André 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA world-wide key to the genusGraphisis presented, based on extensive type studies and revision of several thousand historical and recent collections. A total of 330 species are accepted and included in the key, and a further 205 epithets are listed as synonyms. The structured key includes taxonomic information on type specimens of epithets considered to be synonyms of the accepted species. In addition, 28 species of other genera (Carbacanthographis, Diorygma, Dyplolabia, Glyphis) with carbonized excipulum and hyaline ascospores likely to be confused withGraphisare mentioned under the corresponding key couplets. Although the key is preliminary and some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems remain unresolved at this time, it should allow reliable identification of most specimens especially from tropical regions. The following 14 species are described as new:Graphis brahmanensisAptroot sp. nov.,G. cupeiVain. ex Lücking sp. nov.,G. funilinaAptroot sp. nov.,G. inspersolongulaAptroot sp. nov.,G. leucaenaeAptroot sp. nov.,G. lourdesinaAptroot sp. nov.,G. myolensisAptroot sp. nov.,G. nadurinaAptroot sp. nov.,G. norsticticaArcher & Lücking sp. nov.,G. sarawakensisHale ex Lücking sp. nov.,G. slendraeHale ex Lücking sp. nov.,G. subintermediansHale ex Lücking sp. nov.,G. subserpensStaiger sp. nov., andG. syzygiiAptroot sp. nov. In addition, 22 new combinations are proposed:Carbacanthographis cleitops(Fée) Lücking comb. nov.,C. coccospora(Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov.,C. induta(Müll. Arg.) Lücking comb. nov.,C. triphoroides(M. Wirth & Hale) Lücking comb. nov.,Graphis apoda(Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. et stat. nov.,G. cremicolor(H. Magn.) Lücking & Archer comb. nov.,G. enteroleuca(Ach.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. evirescens(Redinger) Lücking comb. nov.,G. galactoderma(Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. ingarum(Vain.) Lücking comb. et stat. nov.,G. isidiata(Hale) Lücking comb. nov.,G. japonica(Müll. Arg.) A. W. Archer & Lücking comb. nov.,G. kousyuensis(Horik. & M. Nakan.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. negrosina(Vain.) Lücking comb. et stat. nov.,G. oxyspora(Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. plumbea(Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. riopiedrensis(Fink) Lücking comb. nov.,G. semirigida(Müll. Arg.) Lücking comb. nov.,G. subradiata(Nyl.) Lücking comb. et stat. nov.,G. subtecta(Nyl.) Lücking comb. et stat. nov., andG. sulphurella(Zahlbr.) Lücking comb. nov. Replacement names are established for six taxa:Graphis jeanmuelleriLücking nom. nov. [≡Graphina elegantulaMüll. Arg., nonGraphis elegantulaZahlbr.],Graphis neoelongataLücking nom. nov. [≡G. elongataVain., nonG. elongataZenker],Graphis novopalmicolaA. W. Archer & Lücking nom. nov. [≡Graphina palmicolaMüll. Arg., nonGraphis palmicolaMakhija & Adaw.],Graphis paralleloidesCáceres & Lücking nom. nov. [≡G. rimulosavar.parallelaMüll. Arg., nonG. parallelaMüll. Arg.],Graphis subalbostriataLücking nom. nov. [≡G. angustatavar.albostriataVain., nonG. albostriataVain.], andGraphis subvernicosaLücking nom. nov. [≡Opegrapha vernicosaFée, nonG. vernicosaNyl.]. Three new synonyms are established forGlyphis substriatula(Nyl.) Staiger:Graphina sulcatulaMüll. Arg.,G. sulcatulavar.conglomerataMüll. Arg., andG. bakeriZahlbr.