bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reshaping Economic Geography? Producing Spaces of Inclusive Development
Authors: Lawson Victoria 
Published: September 2010

abstractThe World Development Report 2009 discusses a crucial development challenge—that of understanding spatially uneven development. The report lays out a series of policy responses to spatial unevenness that are intended to mobilize the growth‐enhancing advantages of unbalanced development while ensuring inclusive development. However, the report mobilizes a narrow view of economic development that is disconnected from place, politics, and society. In geography, which lends its name to the report, economies are theorized as embedded—as produced in and through space, rather than merely on it. Geography and spatial patterns are constitutive coproducers of political‐economic processes, not just outcomes. I elaborate how a critical geographic understanding of an “everywhere embedded economy” (Peck 2005) highlights the inseparability of economic processes from the social, political, historical, and geographic contexts which give them meaning. I connect the idea of embedded economy to a consideration of centrality of care to a humane and inclusive development. I argue that the report's emphasis on labor mobility as a key mechanism for enhancing development ignores the global division of care work that is itself built on the invisibility and undervaluation of care in mainstream versions of economic development. I conclude that “thinning borders” will not resolve questions of inequality but rather will allow those who are more powerful to exploit the resultant power differentials expressed in migration and care deficits across the globe.
Worlds Apart? Engaging with the World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography
Authors: Peck Jamie , Sheppard Eric 
Published: September 2010

abstractIntroducing a roundtable discussion of the World Bank's World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography, this article contextualizes the report in intellectual and political terms. It reflects on the lost opportunities for, and potential limits of, engagement between the style of New Economic Geography espoused by the World Bank and the pluralist heterodoxy of economic geography “proper,” before briefly previewing the commentaries from Gillian Hart, Victoria Lawson, and Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose and the response from World Bank economists Uwe Deichmann, Indermit Gill, and Chor Ching Goh.
Economic Geographers and the Limelight: Institutions and Policy in the World Development Report 2009
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: September 2010

abstractThe reaction of economic geographers to the World Bank's World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography has so far been a corporatist turf‐protecting exercise. The report has been dismissed as the work of economists who completely ignore a rich tradition of work by “proper” economic geographers. However, this negative response has prevented geographers from engaging constructively with the World Bank's analysis and proposals. In this article, I argue that, while the report presents an accurate diagnosis of recent development trends and should be praised for its flexibility in providing numerous policy alternatives, geographers can significantly contribute by promoting a discussion around two key issues in the report: its treatment of institutions and its recommendation of spatially blind policies.
Quasi-invariants of complex reflection groups
Authors: Berest Yuri , Chalykh Oleg 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce quasi-invariant polynomials for an arbitrary finite complex reflection group W. Unlike in the Coxeter case, the space of quasi-invariants of a given multiplicity is not, in general, an algebra but a module Qk over the coordinate ring of a (singular) affine variety Xk. We extend the main results of Berest et al. [Cherednik algebras and differential operators on quasi-invariants, Duke Math. J. 118 (2003), 279–337] to this setting: in particular, we show that the variety Xk and the module Qk are Cohen–Macaulay, and the rings of differential operators on Xk and Qk are simple rings, Morita equivalent to the Weyl algebra An(ℂ) , where n=dim Xk. Our approach relies on representation theory of complex Cherednik algebras introduced by Dunkl and Opdam [Dunkl operators for complex reflection groups, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 86 (2003), 70–108] and is parallel to that of Berest et al. As an application, we prove the existence of shift operators for an arbitrary complex reflection group, confirming a conjecture of Dunkl and Opdam. Another result is a proof of a conjecture of Opdam, concerning certain operations (KZ twists) on the set of irreducible representations of W.
Expression of octamer-4 in serous and mucinous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Yan-Li , Zhou Cai-Yun , Hu Yu-Ting , Chen Huai-Zeng 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundOctamer-4 (Oct4) is a well known regulator of self-renewal in embryonic stem cells; it has been detected in several human cancers and may play a critical role in carcinogenesis.AimsTo assess the expression of Oct4 in epithelial ovarian tumours.MethodsExpression of Oct4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 460 cases of various epithelial ovarian lesions as well as 35 cases of normal fallopian tube epithelium. The association between Oct4 expression and various clinical pathological parameters was analysed.ResultsOct4 expression was significantly increased from normal epithelium (both ovarian epithelium and fallopian tube epithelium) to benign and borderline cystadenoma to carcinoma in the serous lesion subgroup. Oct4 overexpression was associated with more advanced FIGO stage and higher histological grade in serous adenocarcinoma. Conversely, Oct4 expression did not differ among mucinous lesions or correlate with clinicopathological parameters in patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma.ConclusionResults suggest that Oct4 expression may contribute to the initiation, promotion and progression of serous ovarian carcinoma; it might be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and outcome prediction of serous ovarian carcinoma.
Prognostic value of phosphorylated STAT3 in advanced rectal cancer: a study from 104 French patients included in the EORTC 22921 trial
Authors: Monnien Franck , Zaki Harouna , Borg Christophe , Mougin Christiane , Bosset Jean-François , Mercier Mariette , Arbez-Gindre Francine , Kantelip Bernadette 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been implicated as an oncogene in several neoplastic diseases. However, the biological effects of STAT3 have not been extensively studied in rectal carcinogenesis.AimsTo evaluate STAT3 activation in advanced rectal cancers and its association with clinicopathological variables and prognosis.MethodsNuclear immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) was studied in 104 advanced rectal cancers (T3–T4). All patients were participating in the EORTC 22921 trial to assess whether preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by postoperative chemotherapy improved overall and progression-free survival.ResultsNuclear p-STAT3 expression was detected in 37.5% of rectal cancer patients. No correlation was observed between p-STAT3 and any clinicopathological variables tested. However, patients with tumours positive for p-STAT3 had significantly improved overall survival.ConclusionThese results highlight an unexpected role for nuclear p-STAT3 expression in advanced rectal cancers and need further investigation to clarify this finding.
Dilemmas in cytodiagnosis of subcutaneous swellings: mimics and look-alikes of cysticercosis
Authors: Rao Ram Nawal , Krishnani N , Malhotra Kiran , Suresh B , Mehrotra Ravi 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) is the modality of choice in the initial characterisation of subcutaneous swellings. The site, distribution, number and clinical association of such swellings determines to a large extent the clinical diagnoses rendered in these cases.Aims and Methods15 unusual cases of subcutaneous cysticercosis, diagnosed by FNA, which clinically simulated diverse aetiologies, are reported.ResultsThree cases occurred in patients with known malignancies which were thought to be metastatic deposits. In another nine cases the clinical diagnoses included lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, neurofibroma and lipoma. Two cases strongly mimicked tubercular lymphadenitis, while one case occurred in a renal transplant recipient.ConclusionsFNA may help diagnosis of a parasitic aetiology in cases where malignancy or tuberculosis is a clinical probability. Cysticercosis should be an integral part of the differential diagnosis of all subcutaneous swellings, regardless of the clinical setting. Helpful cytological clues are discussed.
Alcohol and unnatural deaths in the West of Ireland: a 5-year review
Authors: Ingoldsby Helen , Callagy Grace 
Published: September 2010

AimTo investigate the prevalence of alcohol in unnatural deaths in the West of Ireland between 2003 and 2007.MethodsThe reports of 1669 postmortem examinations carried out at Galway University Hospitals were reviewed; 379 non-homicidal unnatural deaths were eligible for the study. Alcohol levels were measured in blood and/or urine in 311 cases. For each case, gender, age, cause of death and toxicology results were recorded.ResultsAlcohol was detected in 162 out of 311 cases (52%); 133 (82%) cases were men and 29 (18%) were women. Alcohol levels >150 mg/100 ml were found in 99 cases (61%), most commonly in 18–49-year-olds (n=74; 75%). Road traffic crashes (RTCs) (n=38; 23%), drownings (n=38; 23%) and hangings (n=25; 15%) were common unnatural deaths associated with alcohol. The majority of RTC deaths involved the driver (n=27; 71%). The alcohol level was higher than the legal driving limit of 80 mg/100 ml in 82% (n=22) and >150 mg/100 ml in 59% (n=16) of these. Mortality of passengers (n=6; 16%) and pedestrians (n=5; 13%) was less common.ConclusionsAlcohol remains a major contributor to unnatural deaths in the West of Ireland, particularly with respect to mortality in young people. Young men are especially vulnerable. Deaths in RTCs and by drowning and hanging are commonly associated with alcohol. Many driver fatalities involve alcohol levels far above legal limits. Alcohol measurement in all unnatural deaths would facilitate more accurate determination of its role.
Prognostic relevance of light chain 3 (LC3A) autophagy patterns in colorectal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Koukourakis Michael I , Harris Adrian L , Polychronidis Alexandros , Gatter Kevin C , Sivridis Efthimios 
Published: September 2010

AimsThe microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3A) is an essential component of the autophagic vacuoles, forming a reliable marker of autophagic activity. In a previous study, the authors showed that LC3A immunohistochemistry renders three patterns of autophagic expression in breast carcinomas: diffuse cytoplasmic, perinuclear and ‘stone-like’ intracellular structures (SLS), each with a distinct prognostic relevance.MethodsTumour tissues from 155 patients with stage IIA–III colorectal adenocarcinomas, treated with surgery alone, were assessed immunohistochemically for LC3A. Median values were used as cut-off points to separate groups into low and high autophagic activity. Associations with prognosis and with lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5) were sought.ResultsHigh SLS counts were associated with metastases and poor prognosis, while the prominence of the perinuclear pattern was linked to localised disease and good prognosis. The cytoplasmic pattern was irrelevant. Furthermore, patients with increased SLS numbers, but suppressed perinuclear expression, were associated with LDH5 overexpression and had an extremely poor prognosis (3-year survival 16.5%). The prognosis improved considerably when high SLS counts were accompanied by intense perinuclear expression (3-year survival 67%) and were optimal when SLS numbers dropped below median values, irrespective of perinuclear status (3-year survival 94–100%). Multivariate analysis showed that SLS and perinuclear patterns were independent predictors of death events.ConclusionsPerinuclear LC3A accumulation in colorectal tumour cells is a marker of good prognosis, presumably reflecting a basal autophagic activity. An abnormal or excessive autophagic response, as indicated by increased numbers of SLS, is linked to metastasis and poor prognosis.
Constructing prognostic model incorporating the 2004 WHO/ISUP classification for patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial tumours of the urinary bladder
Authors: Pan Chin-Chen , Chang Yen-Hwa , Chen Kuang-Kuo , Yu Hui-Jung , Sun Chih-Hao , Ho Donald M T 
Published: September 2010

AimTo construct a prognostic model for recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients who have undergone transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive (pTa/pT1) urinary bladder urothelial tumours.Methods1366 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of primary non-muscle-invasive urothelial tumours (pTa, 891 patients; pT1, 475 patients) confined to the bladder were retrospectively studied. Tumours were classified according to the 2004 WHO/International Society of Urologic Pathology grading system. Kaplan–Meier and stepwise Cox regression models were applied, and 200 bootstrap resamples were used to generate survival estimates and 95% CIs. A nomogram was developed that incorporated significant variables predicting survival.ResultsRFS, PFS and CSS probabilities for non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial tumours were calculated. Incorporating salient prognostic factors (tumour grade, pT stage, patient age, status of intravesical instillation), the model satisfactorily predicted PFS (concordance index=0.79) and CSS (concordance index=0.87).ConclusionsRobust nomograms were created to predict PFS and CSS. These data provide an overall perspective of disease outcomes which may aid in developing individualised follow-up programmes.
Endoscopic biopsies of duodenal polyp/mass lesions: a surgical pathology review
Authors: Kanthan Rani , Gomez Daniel , Senger Jenna-Lynn , Kanthan Selliah Chandra 
Published: September 2010

Background and AimsEndoscopic biopsies of duodenal polyp/mass lesions are uncommon surgical pathology specimens. A surgical review with a report on three unusual duodenal polyp/mass lesions is presented.MethodsA computer-based data search of duodenal polyp/mass lesions was conducted at the Saskatoon Health Region using the Lab Information System from 1996 to 2009. The source codes used included DUOBX and DUO. Surgical material on the retrieved cases was reviewed.ResultsThe three index cases included duodenal polyp/mass lesions, which on primary analysis were diagnosed as ‘poorly differentiated’ carcinomas with some unusual features. The accurate diagnoses of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic phaeochromocytoma and metastatic malignant melanoma, respectively, were confirmed with retrospective analysis of previous clinical and pathological records. 130 duodenal polyp/mass related lesions were identified. 33% of these lesions were malignant and 67% were benign/normal. The majority of these biopsies originated in patients aged 60–79 years. Malignant lesions were more common in men (61%) than women (39%). 88% of the malignant cases were of carcinomatous origin. 16.3% of the carcinomas were reclassified as metastatic lesions arising from lung, breast, colon and pancreas. 41% of the benign cases had no significant pathological abnormalities. The remainder were predominantly adenomatous (14.9%) and inflammatory (13.8%) in origin.ConclusionsEndoscopic biopsies of duodenal polyp/mass lesions remain an uncommon specimen (0.01% in the authors' surgical pathology practice). Nevertheless, accurate identification of the exact pathology, even in ‘poorly differentiated’ high-grade carcinomas is advocated, as metastatic lesions will require specific treatment plans in conjunction with treatment of their primary tumour.
Upper aerodigestive tract lymphoma in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shang-Wen , Chang Sheng-Tsung , Lu Chin-Li , Hwang Wei-Shou , Tsao Chao-Jung , Huang Wen-Tsung , Chang Kwang-Yu , Chuang Shih-Sung 
Published: September 2010

AimTo better understand the spectrum of primary lymphomas in the upper aerodigestive tract, a common site of extranodal lymphoma.Materials and methodsLymphoma cases diagnosed at an institution in southern Taiwan from 1992 to 2007 were retrospectively studied with pathology and history review, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation for Epstein–Barr virus (EBER-ISH), and statistical analysis.Results70 patients were identified. The male to female ratio was 2:1, and the median age was 61.5 years (range 8–87); 73% of cases occurred in Waldeyer's ring or the oral cavity. Phenotypically, there were 45 (64%) B cell and 25 (36%) T cell or extranodal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (ENKL) including 42 (60%) diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), 22 (31%) ENKLs, three unspecified peripheral T cell lymphomas, two follicular lymphomas and one Burkitt lymphoma. EBER-ISH was positive in three (7%) of 42 DLBCLs and all 22 ENKLs. Most patients received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival for all patients was 56.3% with B and T or NK/T cell lymphomas at 66.0% and 40.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that sinonasal presentation, T or NK/T cell phenotype, raised lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and Ann Arbor stage III/IV diseases were associated with prognostically significant higher hazard ratio (HR) of lymphoma-related death. However, only raised LDH remained significant on multivariate analysis. For DLBCLs, only raised LDH was prognostically significant on either univariate or multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOnly a limited number of lymphoma entities occurred primarily in this anatomical region. The 5-year overall survival rate was comparable to other reports, and raised LDH at diagnosis was the only significant prognostic factor identified. A relatively high incidence of EBV positivity was identified in DLBCLs in this anatomical region, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of these tumours.
Modified Hybrid Algorithm for a Family of Quasi-"Equation missing" -Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Xu Yongchun , Zhang Xin , Kang Jinlong , Su Yongfu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a modified hybrid projection algorithm and prove strong convergence theorems for a family of quasi-"Equation missing"-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. The method of the proof is different from the original one. Our results improve and extend the corresponding results announced by Zhou et al. (2010), Kimura and Takahashi (2009), and some others.
A Head-to-Head Comparison of the Postprandial Effects of 3 Meal Replacement Beverages Among People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fonda Stephanie J. , Jain Asha , Vigersky Robert A. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 meal replacement beverages on glycemic response among people with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study examined Glucerna® Weight Loss Shake, Slim-Fast® Shake, and Ensure® with Fiber Shake, using a prospective, 3-way, cross-over design. Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes drank the beverages in random order on different weeks. The volume of each beverage was adjusted to include 50 grams of carbohydrates. Glucose was measured 0 to 180 minutes postprandial. Analyses included 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures on both factors, calculation of area under the curve (AUC), and 1-way repeated measures ANOVA of AUC. Results The postprandial glucose profiles of the shakes differed. Glucerna® had the best profile as indicated by the graph of mean postprandial glucose levels and its lower incremental AUC. Despite the superiority of Glucerna®, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose values exceeded the ADA’s recommended upper limit for 22% of the subjects. Conclusions Meal replacement beverages are a popular and potentially effective option for people trying to lose or maintain weight; however, it is unknown to what degrees they affect postprandial blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes. Because postprandial glycemic excursion is linked to cardiovascular disease, identifying a meal replacement beverage with the lowest glycemic response may mitigate some of the risks in patients with diabetes. Of the meal replacements observed in this study, Glucerna® had the smallest effect on postprandial glucose. Glycemic response to meal replacements should be monitored given product and individual variability.
An Ethnic/Racial Comparison of Causal Beliefs and Treatment Preferences for the Symptoms of Depression Among Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Noël La Tonya 
Published: September 2010

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore African American, Latino, and Non-Hispanic White adult patients with type 2 diabetes cultural perceptions of symptoms of depression and factors that predict depression care treatment preferences between these groups. Methods A community sample of African Americans, Latinos, and White diabetic adults receiving services in 1 of 2 central Austin, Texas facilities participated in the study. Each participant was given a survey, which consisted of the following 5 components: (1) illness screener questions, (2) demographic questions, (3) Patient Health Questionnaire, (4) Depression Treatment Questionnaire, and (5) Illness Perception Questionnaire. A binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between cultural perceptions of symptoms and the predictor variables. A multinomial logistic regression analyses was used to examine the relationship between treatment and provider preferences for the symptoms of depression and ethnicity. Results The first research question addressed whether there were differences across ethnicity in how symptoms of depression are attributed among patients with diabetes. There were 7 causal beliefs that were associated with differences in cultural endorsements of the causes of depressive symptoms. In addition, culture was associated with treatment preferences but not with provider preferences. Conclusions The utility of assessing a patient’s understanding of symptoms of depression to determine how personal illness models impact treatment preferences and clinical implications of how knowledge of patient’s causal attributions can aid medical and behavioral health providers working in collaborative management of diabetes and depression are discussed.
Consideration on the Metachromatic Spectra of Toluidine Blue Dimers Formed on DNA Oligomers
Authors: Sato Saori , Matsumoto Shinya , Freivalds Talivaldis , Erenpreisa Jekaterina 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Metachromatic staining with toluidine blue (TB) has been used as a cytological tool for tissue recognition and cancer diagnosis. Recently, its strong potential for infertility diagnosis was also reported. Metachromatic staining is important in biological applications, but the origin of spectral changes has not been fully understood, although dye aggregation on biological materials is thought to be the cause. In this study, we investigated the dimer structure of TB formed on DNA oligomers by using a computational method, particularly focusing on the spectral changes caused by TB dimer formation. The structure of the TB–DNA complexes was constructed on the basis of the calculated molecular structure of TB and crystal data of A- and B-form DNA oligomers, assuming that there was an electrostatic interaction between them. The resulting spectral shift was then evaluated using the extended-dipole model. The examination of B-DNA revealed that possible TB dimers result in a hypsochromic spectral shift of absorption. On the other hand, the dimerization of TB on A-DNA was found to be quite difficult, because the helical geometry of A-DNA restricted the binding sites of TB. These results suggest that the metachromatic color observed during biological staining is significantly affected by the helical geometry of DNA.