bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under sea floor seismic sensor to be tested
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The World‐Wide Seismic Net may someday be truly global, extending under the oceans to offer a type and quality of data previously unattainable. That is the hope of Fred K. Duennebier, University of Hawaii, in his plan to install a seismic device 457 m under the sea bottom.The hole is scheduled to be drilled in the 1219‐m‐deep waters at the mouth of the Gulf of California in November by the Glomar Challenger. The instrument package, to be left for long‐term data collection, is an adaptation of seismic devices that have been placed on the ocean bottom in the past. It will be wired to a recorder on the ocean bottom that can be brought to the surface when needed for data recovery.
CTIO observations suggest different galactic ages
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The first visiting astronomer to use the 4‐meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter‐American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile has reported finding that one of our nearest neighbor galaxies may be very much younger than the universe itself. Harvey Butcher of Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona explained that this discovery may cause difficulty for the generally held belief that all galaxies were formed at approximately the same period early in the history of the universe, that is, 10–15 billion years ago.Astronomers using the CTIO telescopes in the southern hemisphere can study many celestial objects, including the central region of our Milky Way galaxy, that cannot be observed from northern sites. Among the celestial objects visible from CTIO are the Magellanic Clouds, our closest galactic neighbors, which lie some 200,000 light years from the Milky Way. The Large Magellanic Cloud and its companion the Small Magellanic Cloud are two hazy areas in the sky discovered by Magellan's crew when they sailed far south on the historic voyage around the world between 1520 and 1522. The hazy areas subsequently were found to be galaxies.
Sesame 79 ready for spring observations
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Project Sesame (Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment) 79 will focus on obtaining data to evaluate three‐dimensional thunderstorm simulation models. Conceived as a collaboration among government agencies (NOAA and NASA) and groups funded by these agencies and by NSF (the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the university atmospheric science community), Sesame will lay the foundation for improved prediction of severe convective storms. Sesame's focus is on storms accompanied by extreme winds, tornadoes, and hail, particularly those occurring in ‘family’ outbreaks.Investigators interested in participating in Sesame should discuss their ideas with Richard Dirks of the NSF Atmospheric Sciences Division as soon as possible. Although they may be using the agency‐supplied observation systems, experimenters must obtain their own funding resources for specific projects.
Core of globular clusters viewed by IUE: Evidence for black holes found
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite reveals conditions inside globular clusters that may be used to test for the presence of black holes.Ultraviolet instrumentation on the IUE allowed a team of astronomers led by Andrea Dupree and Herbert Gursky, both of the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, to observe the cores of globular clusters. The team is studying six globular clusters, three of which are X ray sources. Globular clusters are, in effect, miniature galaxies. Each contains tens of thousands of tightly packed stars. Scientists believe that globular clusters which are distributed above and below the pinwheel disk of the galaxy in the galactic halo are as old as the galaxy. They may even have contained the first stars to appear in the galaxy. Many astronomers have suggested the possibility that a massive black hole—perhaps as large as a thousand solar systems—is at the core of some globular clusters in our own galaxy and that these black holes are responsible for the intense X ray emission and X ray bursts found to emanate from them.
The Oaxaca earthquake
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Karen McNally of the Seismological Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) came from the field in Mexico to the AGU Fall Meeting with preliminary data gathered during the Oaxaca earthquake.Explaining that, after the University of Texas pointed out the existence of the Oaxaca gap, ‘We thought it urgent to get some baseline data with simple equipment.’ She and colleagues from the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Mexico (UNAM) under the direction of Lautaro Ponce, had an array of smoke paper recorders in place by November 1. The event of November 29 occurred within the array.
International Monsoon Study begins
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The familiar Indian monsoon is a summer phenomenon which brings nearly 100% of India's rainfall during the months of June, July, and August. Less well known is the winter monsoon which, from December through February, brings 75% of the rainfall to the Malay peninsula along the South China Sea and to the Indonesian Islands ‐ a region sometimes called the ‘Maritime Continent.’‘Both the summer and winter monsoons are crucial in providing moisture for agriculture in these heavily populated regions of the world, yet we really understand very little about how these monsoon systems operate,’ says Joachim Kuettner. Kuettner, as the director of the United States Monsoon Experiment (Monex) Project Office, has been helping to develop plans for a major field experiment designed to understand and ultimately to predict the monsoons and their rainfall.
Policy questions
Authors: Carver Philip H. 
Published: October 2011

I agree with J . W. Chamberlain (October 1978 EOS, pp. 900–903) that evidence that no other civilization has followed our present course and survived should have important policy implications. Where we disagree is in the need for an expensive 100‐year program to learn this. The evidence to this effect is now available. Furthermore, even the evidence Chamberlain proposes to collect is unlikely to have an impact on policy decisions.An extrapolation of current rapid growth trends in population, GNP and technology for a couple of thousand years would indicate the necessity of constructing space stations (probably populated) to capture a significant percentage of the sun's total energy output. Such a situation would create an easily discernible infrared source. Since we can see no such sources, no civilization must have followed our course much past our present position, indicating our present path is not viable.
Federal R&D for FY 1980
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

… the federal government must lead the way in investing in the Nation's future. Despite necessary overall constraints, this budget continues my policy of providing real growth in Federal support of basic research. Such support is a relatively small fraction of the total budget—$4.6 billion in 1980, but is vital to the future of our Nation. The knowledge created through basic research holds the potential for breakthroughs to the solution of problems we face or will face in such critical areas as health, environment, energy, defense, and the overall productivity of our economy. Higher productivity gains in the future, moreover, will make an important contribution to reducing inflation.This passage from President Carter's budget message does not seem to be just idle words. Table 1 shows federal obligations for basic research, and even excluding HEW from the totals, one finds an increase of more than 25% over fiscal year 1978. Furthermore, basic research is faring much better than total R & D and than the budget as a whole; for 1980, total R & D will be up 6.8% over 1979, or a total of 16% over the 2 year period.
Southern California anomalies
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Geodetic and geophysical crustal anomalies in southern California came in for a lot of attention at the 1978 Fall Meeting. In a paper titled ‘Regional Elevation and Gravity Changes in the Palmdale Bulge Area,’ John D. Bossier of the National Geodetic Survey reported on the Survey's efforts to relevel nearly 5000 kilometers of southern California because of the anomalous vertical crustal deformation. The magnitude of the current leveling effort is without parallel in the United States in the distances involved in such a short time frame.From roughly 1930 to 1978, repeat surveys of southern California were done to redefine the relative locations of points on the earth's surface following earthquakes such as those in Long Beach (1932), Kern County (1952), and Sylmar (1971). This work, however, revealed a crustal uplift known as the Palmdale Uplift that was eventually followed by an episode of rapid subsidence, amounting in most cases to half the original uplift amplitude.
American Tentative Society 1979 Awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Tentative Society (ATS) invites nominations for its 1979 Rennie Taylor Awards, established to recognize and honor persons displaying flexibility of thinking.The ATS, founded by science writers, commemorates one of their number, the late Rennie Taylor. The awards are presented for ‘intellectual flexibility which has contributed to human progress and knowledge.’ The ATS, a nonprofit educational foundation, holds that ‘it is the essence of science and common sense to regard our present knowledge as subject to growth, addition or revision and, therefore tentative.’
National professional societies join for metrication in water resources
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A Joint Committee of National Societies for Metrication in Water Resources was formed on September 29, 1978, at Reston Virginia. It will advise the parent societies on metrication matters and explore the impacts of metric conversion on the societies' professional areas involving water resources. The Joint Committee will also actively seek to have a say in national metrication affairs concerning water resources to ensure that the interests of the professional are represented in matters such as units and sizes.The Joint Committee hopes that all water resources groups will agree to use the same units. Typical among the concerns of the Joint Committee is the selection of appropriate units for water measurements under the SI (Système International) metric system being adopted in the United States. For example, the base unit for length is the meter, and the common derived unit for volume is the cubic meter. While this may be a very convenient volume unit for dealing with earthwork and concrete, being sufficiently close in size to the familiar cubic yard to find ready acceptance, it may not serve for water use by municipalities and industries or in agriculture. The liter or kiloliter may represent a more understandable, practical, and acceptable reference size for city use; the cubic decameter or the hectare‐meter may represent a more practical reference size for irrigation.
UFO's
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

It's a bird! It's a UFO! Or maybe it's simply a flock of moths setting off a St. Elmo's fire‐like corona discharge. This is the message of recent correlations between a series of nocturnal UFO sightings in Utah between 1965 and 1968 and known infestations of spruce bud‐worm moths in that area.Philip S. Callahan and R. W. Mankin with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Research Laboratory in Gainesville, Florida, recently reported in Applied Optics on their work showing that when insects are placed in an electric field, an electrical discharge can occur in the immediate vicinity. That discharge, they explain, is accompanied by the emission of visible light that could be mistakenly attributed to a UFO. Likening the process to the phenomenon known as St. Elmo's fire, the USDA researchers point out that ghost stories and tales of apparitions surrounded past sightings of the corona discharge typically seen in stormy weather at church steeples and prominent points of sailing ships.
Einstein stamp to be issued
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A commemorative stamp honoring Albert Einstein will be issued by the U.S. Postal Service on March 4 in Princeton, New Jersey, during a series of events scheduled to celebrate the centennial of his birth by The Institute of Advanced Study.Einstein, born in Germany on March 14,1879, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 and became a citizen of the United States in 1941. He died in Princeton on April 18, 1955.
Earthquake increase in 1978
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The number of significant earthquakes and of earthquake deaths in the world rose sharply in 1978 over the previous year, but for the first time in four years the world went without a ‘great’ earthquake of magnitude 8.0 or larger, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.The Survey's National Earthquake Information Service (NEIS), Golden, Colorado, said that the number of significant earthquakes (6.5 or greater on the Richter scale or lesser ones that cause casualties or considerable damage) in the world rose from 36 in 1977 to 62 the following year. Deaths caused by earthquakes increased more than fivefold, from 2800 in 1977 to 15,195 last year, with most of them occurring in a major earthquake in Iran.
Antarctic meteorites
Authors: Cassidy W. A. 
Published: October 2011

Meteorites were apparently formed as rocks about 4.6 b.y. ago, or at least their minerals seem to have been formed at that time. Meteoritic minerals therefore were forming at about the same time the planets and moons were forming by aggregation from the stuff of the primordial solar nebula. Because of this, meteorites should give us clues to the chemical and physical processes operating at the time the planets formed.Certain stony meteorites resemble igneous rocks in their textures, others seem to be metamorphosed aggregates, and others resemble sediments that have been only slightly lithified. Iron meteorites, whose principal constituents embrace a range of nickel‐iron alloy compositions, would not be found under ordinary conditions at the surface of the earth but might be found in its core or as segregations within small bodies under highly reducing conditions.
One hundred years of Earth science in the public service
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

For a century the USGS has mapped and studied the rocks and water of the nation by means of both classical and newly developed techniques.The U.S. Geological Survey was founded on March 3, 1879, to consolidate some of the functions of the several federal surveys that were conducted in the West after the Civil War. The newly organized Survey continued to study the Grand Canyon area to answer questions posed by John Wesley Powell's exploration of the Colorado Plateau country begun in 1869. Under Clarence King, its first director, the Geological Survey continued investigations of significant mining districts, an interest King had pursued as head of the earlier U.S. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. King also extended the new agency's work nationally by gathering mineral statistics for the 1880 census.
Water resources monograph series: A new publication opportunity
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

To broaden the number of topics covered and to increase the frequency of publication in the series, the Board of Associate Editors for the Water Resources Monograph Series aims to release 4–6 outstanding monographs each year. Authors who are interested in helping to achieve this goal are invited to prepare an outline for consideration by the Board.The Board will review the outlines of proposed volumes for acceptability of subject, its treatment for the series, as well as its suitability for the intended audience. The outline must be complete enough to allow the Board to see the development of the presentation.
Seasonal sea ice zone workshop
Authors: Paskausky David F. 
Published: October 2011

A workshop to discuss present and future research needs in the seasonal sea ice zone (SSIZ) was held at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California from February 26 to March 1,1979. The SSIZ is defined as the area delineated by the maximum and minimum contemporary extent of ice cover plus a region inward and outward from the ice boundary that is significantly influenced by the boundary. Owing to seasonal migration of the ice boundary, this geographically significant area encompasses large expanses of deep ocean as well as most of the polar shelves in both the Arctic and Antarctic.The workshop consisted of seven panels (10 to 12 members each). The schemata was presentation of review papers on the first day followed by three days of panel and interdisciplinary sessions.The steering committee will publish a proceedings which will include the review papers, panel reports, and an extensive summary of future needs by the committee.
Data: Management and service
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

During the coming decade, the Environmental Data and Information Services (EDIS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration expects the volume of environmental data and information requests to continue increasing, many new applications to be developed, and demand for shorter response time to user data requests to accelerate. To meet these and other user needs, EDIS is undertaking a program that will integrate its current separate data base operations under a single data archive management and users services (DAMUS) system. The system is expected to be in full operation in approximately 18 months.Presently, EDIS' data processing operations involve three separate, independently operated computer systems with different hardware and software capabilities. These three systems have met EDIS' requirements in the past, however, because of the need for quicker, multidisciplinary access from different geographic locations, increasing volumes of incoming environmental data in frequently changing data formats an modes, processing costs, and shrinking manpower, it has become necessary to develop alternative approaches to maintain a viable data and information service. To achieve the degree of integration required to meet national needs, the independent systems are to be replaced by a single system.
Global ocean data inventory and climate data base
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In response to a request by the United Nations Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) for member states to provide data management services for oceanographic data collected during the First Garp Global Experiment, (FGGE), also known as the Global Weather Experiment, the Environmental Data and Information Service of NOAA (EDIS) will serve as a Responsible National Oceanographic Data Center for the FGGE Operational Year (RNODC‐FOY. In this capacity, EDIS will (1) develop a global inventory of all ocean data collected during FOY and (2) create a global ocean climate data base of selected FOY physical oceanographic parameters. All data will be exchanged through normal international exchange channels.The global ocean data inventory will contain directory information regarding all known oceanographic data of any kind recorded during FOY (December 1, 1978 through November 30, 1979). The inventory will be available both in published form and online to computer terminal users internationally via either Tymnet or Telenet. The global ocean climate data base will include physical oceanographic data for this same period acquired by the RNODC‐FOY. Bathythermograph data, Nansen/Nisken bottle data, salinity‐temperature‐depth data, and current meter data, as well as phosphate, silicate, oxygen, and sea level data will be formated and quality controlled.
Some remarks on IMS and an outline of the Chinese program
Authors: Tschu Kang‐Kun 
Published: October 2011

This is a brief account of a proposed observational program to be carried out in China during IMS. It consists mainly of four parts: (1) reform and reinforcement of the existing stations, (2) installation of new equipment for IMS, (3) analysis of IMS data and study of STP, and (4) coordination of scientific activities at home and abroad. Altogether, 16 items are proposed.For the realization of these four modernization projects we should like to learn everything good for us. But now, I want to take this opportunity to talk about an observational program, which I proposed to the Academy several months ago, to be carried out in China during IMS.
Pioneer Venus malfunctions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The infrared instrument aboard the Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft has been returning degraded data, and efforts to correct the problem have not succeeded. The instrument has returned excellent data for 72 orbits of the planet (one orbit per day), enough for a thorough infrared survey of Venus.The problem appeared on February 14, when the regulated voltages which supply power to the instrument began registering 6–7 V instead of the required 10 V. This difficulty had occurred even earlier on three occasions, but each time the instrument was reset by ground command with almost no. loss of data. Tests continue to be performed on the instrument, and a review board is studying the problem. Experimenter Fred W. Taylor, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is hopeful that the instrument may still be revived.
Applications of Geodesy to Geodynamics: 1. Geodesy for Geodynamics, Progress and Problems
Authors: Kaula W. M. 
Published: October 2011

The Ninth Geop (Geodesy/Solid Earth and Ocean Physics) Research Conference was sponsored by IAG and Cospar and cosponsored by AGU, DMA, NASA, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Geodetic Science of the Ohio State University. It took place in the Fawcett Center for Tomorrow, at Columbus, Ohio, October 2–5, 1978 and was attended by 209 persons from 16 countries.The meeting was divided into eight scientific sessions, each dealing with geodynamic phenomena to which geodesy can be applied. This report is based on the last session which was devoted to general applications.
World coal situation
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Worldwide future problems involving coal may become as acute as those now involving oil, say geologists at the ninth International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, held at the University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign. At the opening session, Gordon H. Wood, Jr., of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Jack A. Simon of the Illinois State Geological Survey discussed the world coal situation to the end of this century. They said that energy problems will increase in the next 20 years and into the next century unless there is ‘vigorous planning and action’ by political, industrial, social, scientific, environmental, and financial leaders.A few countries have sufficient coal for currently projected needs, but most countries have little or no coal, they said. Problems of world dependence on countries with large coal resources may become similar to those now prevailing with oil. The Soviet Union, United States, People's Republic of China, United Kingdom, Australia, West Germany, Canada, and Union of South Africa contain 97% of the world's coal resources.
Continental reflection profiling
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Described by Cornell University as ‘hard and surprising evidence’ is a theory based on new data of how the Appalachian Mountains were formed when North America and Africa approached and collided millions of years ago.The evidence is a thin but extensive layer of sedimentary rocks buried under the older crystalline rocks of the southern Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont province that may also help geologists understand the collisions of continents thought to have formed such features as the Alps, the mountains of Norway, and the Himalayas.