bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia by Intramyocardial Injection of Ethanol in an Animal Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: REEK SVEN , GELLER J. CHRISTOPH , SCHILDHAUS HANS‐ULRICH , MAHNKOPF DIRK , MITTAG JOERG , KLEIN HELMUT U. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Direct injection of ethanol into myocardium has been shown to create large, well‐demarcated lesions with transmural necrosis in normal ventricular myocardium and in regions of healed myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of direct ethanol injection on the inducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in an animal model of chronic myocardial infarction. Methods and Results: Eight sheep with reproducibly inducible VT underwent an electrophysiologic study 139 ± 65 days after myocardial infarction. Noncontact mapping was used to analyze induced VT. Fifteen different VTs were targeted for catheter ablation. Ablation was achieved by catheter‐based intramyocardial injection of a mixture of 96% ethanol, glycerine, and iopromide (ratio 3:1:1). Direct intramyocardial ethanol injection resulted in noninducibility of any VT 20 minutes after ablation in 7 of 8 animals. Four of 5 animals with initially successful ablation remained noninducible for any VT at follow‐up study at least 2 days after the ablation procedure. Microscopic examination revealed homogeneous lesions with interstitial edema, intramural hemorrhage, and myofibrillar degeneration at the lesion border. The lesions were well demarcated from the surrounding tissue by a border zone of neutrophilic infiltration. Conclusion: Catheter ablation of VT by direct intramyocardial injection of ethanol during the chronic phase of myocardial infarction is feasible. It may be a useful tool for catheter ablation when the area of interest is located deep intramyocardially or subepicardially or when a more regional approach requires ablation of larger amounts of tissue. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 332‐341, March 2004)
Role of Dipolar and Nondipolar Components of the T Wave in Determining the T Wave Residuum in an Isolated Rabbit Heart Model
Authors: BIAGETTI MARCELO O. , ARINI PEDRO D. , VALVERDE ESTEBAN R. , BRETRAN GUILLERMO C. , QUINTEIRO RICARDO A. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Repolarization heterogeneity has been shown to constitute a substrate for malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Noninvasive measurement of abnormal repolarization through assessment of QT interval dispersion from the resting standard 12‐lead ECG initially had shown promise in assessing arrhythmia risk but was challenged recently. The relative T wave residuum (TWR) has been proposed recently to reflect regional repolarization dispersion more accurately. We analyzed the role played by the dipolar and nondipolar components in determining TWR. Methods and Results: Singular value decomposition was applied to the repolarization signals obtained from isolated rabbit hearts using a 5 × 8 array multielectrode recording system during premature beats (N = 11) and after d‐sotalol (N = 9) exposure. Both the dipolar and nondipolar components of the T wave increased significantly during premature stimulation and after d‐sotalol exposure. The relative TWR decreased significantly during premature stimulation but did not change after d‐sotalol. Changes in the dipolar and nondipolar components of the second half of the T wave were significantly greater than those corresponding to the first half during premature stimulation, and a significant correlation was observed between the nondipolar components of the second half of the T wave and the Tpeak–end interval. Conclusion: Conditions exist during which both the dipolar and nondipolar components can change simultaneously. Under these conditions, the relative TWR may not reflect regional heterogeneity of repolarization with accuracy. The nondipolar components of the second half of the T wave can be linked to assessment of the transmural dispersion of repolarization. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 356‐363, March 2004)
Characterization of a New Pulmonary Vein Variant Using Magnetic Resonance Angiography:
Authors: LICKFETT LARS , KATO RITSUSHI , TANDRI HARIKRISHNA , JAYAM VINOD , VASAMREDDY CHANDRASEKHAR R. , DICKFELD TIMM , LEWALTER THORSTEN , LUDERITZ BERNDT , BERGER RONALD , HALPERIN HENRY , CALKINS HUGH 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation requires precise anatomic information. We describe the characteristics of a new anatomic variant of PV anatomy using magnetic resonance angiography. Methods and Results: A 1.5‐T magnetic resonance imaging system with a body coil or a torso phased‐array coil was used before and after gadolinium injection. Magnetic resonance angiograms were acquired with a breath‐hold three‐dimensional fast spoiled gradient‐echo imaging sequence in the coronal plane. Three‐dimensional reconstruction with maximum intensity projections and multiplanar reformations was performed. A newly described variant PV ascending from the roof of the left atrium was found in 3 of 91 subjects. The mean ostial diameter of the roof PV was 7 ± 2 mm, the mean distance from the ostium to the first branching point was 22 ± 8.5 mm, and the mean distance to the right superior PV was 3.3 ± 0.6 mm. Conclusion: We refer to the newly described variant of PV anatomy as the “right top pulmonary vein.” It is important to be aware of this anatomic pattern to avoid inadvertent catheter intubation, which can result in misleading mapping results and PV stenosis. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 538‐543, May 2004)
Resolution of Abnormal Body Surface Maps in Children with Atrial Septal Defect after Intracardiac Repair
Authors: ASANO YUH , IZUMIDA NAOMI , KAWANO SEIKO , SAWANOBORI TOHRU , HIRAOKA MASAYASU 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: The genesis of repolarization abnormalities of ECG waveforms in atrial septal defect (ASD), which typically is characterized by right ventricular (RV) volume overload, has not been explored, particularly in association with postoperative hemodynamic improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduced RV overload after ASD closure on depolarization and repolarization abnormalities on body surface maps (BSMs). Methods and Results: BSMs of 14 children with ASD were recorded preoperatively and at early postoperative (1–6 months) and late postoperative (>9 months) stages. BSMs of 31 age‐matched healthy children were studied as normal controls. Before intracardiac repair, QRS isopotential maps of children with ASD showed delayed RV breakthrough and subsequent rightward enlargement of the positive area with a maximum shifting to the right. Delayed conduction of the RV, particularly at the outflow tract area, was noted. The preoperative QRST isointegral maps exhibited the two‐maximum pattern reflecting repolarization abnormality. The delayed appearance of breakthrough and delayed RV conduction on the QRS isopotential maps persisted from the preoperative to the late postoperative stage, whereas the two‐maximum pattern on the QRST isointegral maps normalized to the one‐dipole pattern at an early stage after repair. Conclusion: Abnormal repolarization parameters in ASD patients showed rapid improvement postoperatively, despite the persistence of depolarization abnormalities. Therefore, the two‐maximum pattern on the QRST isointegral maps indicates a primary T wave change due to hemodynamic RV volume overload.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides During Experimental Atrial Tachycardia:
Authors: SCHOONDERWOERD BAS A. , CRIJNS HARRY J.G.M. , VAN VELDHUISEN DIRK J. , BOOMSMA FRANS , VAN DEN BERG MAARTEN P. , BEL KLAAS J. , VAN GELDER ISABELLE C. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Atrial tachycardia and chronic heart failure (CHF) are associated with elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its amino terminal part NT‐ANP. Chronic high atrial rates may cause CHF due to a rapid ventricular response. The aim of this study was to establish the contribution of elevated atrial rate and of high ventricular rate, resulting in CHF, on ANP and NT‐ANP levels during chronic atrial tachycardia. Methods and Results: Thirteen goats (AV‐paced group) were subjected to 4 weeks of rapid AV pacing with an atrial and ventricular rate of 240 beats/min. Another five goats (A‐paced group) were subjected to 4 weeks of atrial pacing at 240 beats/min while the ventricular rate was kept low and regular at 80 beats/min. Pacing was interrupted only for measurement of right atrial (RA) and left ventricular (LV) diameter and sampling for ANP, NT‐ANP, and renin. In the AV‐paced group, RA and LV diameter reached 152% and 109% of baseline values, respectively. Both ANP and NT‐ANP (8.3 ± 9.2 pmol/L and 0.5 ± 0.4 nmol/L at baseline, respectively) increased progressively (53.1 ± 37.9 pmol/L and 2.0 ± 0.9 nmol/L, respectively, after 4 weeks). There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of atrial dilation and natriuretic peptide levels after 3 days. In A‐paced goats, however, RA and LV diameters did not change. Furthermore, ANP and NT‐ANP levels (9.1 ± 6.0 pmol/L and 0.8 ± 0.2 nmol/L at baseline, respectively) were unchanged after 4 weeks (5.3 ± 3.4 pmol/L and 0.6 ± 0.2 nmol/L, respectively). Conclusion: Elevated levels of ANPs during chronic atrial tachycardia are related to a high ventricular rate rather than a high atrial rate alone. Rather than atrial tachycardia, the atrial hemodynamic burden is an important determinant of the sustained ANP response.
Cryocatheter Ablation of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia
Authors: KURZIDIM KLAUS , SCHNEIDER HANS‐JÜRGEN , KUNISS MALTE , SPERZEL JOHANNES , GREISS HARALD , BERKOWITSCH ALEXANDER , PITSCHNER HEINZ FRIEDRICH 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Cryocatheter techniques have been successfully applied to treat supraventricular tachycardia but there are no reports on their value in treating ventricular tachycardia (VT). We present our initial experience with cryocatheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia.Methods and Results: Cryocatheter ablation was attempted in 14 patients (13 females, age 45.9 ± 12.7 years) who were highly symptomatic due to frequent monomorphic ventricular extrasystole (VES) or nonsustained VT originating within the RVOT. A 9‐Fr, 8‐mm‐tip cryocatheter was used for both mapping and ablation. Cryoablation was started after localizing the arrhythmic focus by pace and activation mapping. Ablation success, defined by complete disappearance of target VES/VT acutely and during a follow‐up of 9.3 ± 1.4 weeks, was achieved in 13 of 14 patients. Ablation was successful with local activation times of 35 ± 4 ms, 5.8 ± 3.3 applications, 18.8 ± 7.5 minutes total cryo time, 9.4 ± 4.2 minutes fluoroscopy time, and 66.9 ± 26.1 minutes total procedure time, the latter two measures showing a reduction with number of patients treated. Three patients reported slight pain related to local pressure of the catheter on the RVOT wall. No pain was described related to delivery of cryothermal energy.Conclusions: Initial experience shows that focal VES/VT originating in the RVOT can be successfully treated using cryocatheter ablation. Acute and short term success rates, fluoroscopy times, and duration of procedure are comparable to conventional ablation techniques. A major advantage seems to be the virtual absence of ablation related pain.
Single-molecule derivation of salt dependent base-pair free energies in DNA
Authors: Huguet Josep M. , Bizarro Cristiano V. , Forns Núria , Smith Steven B. , Bustamante Carlos , Ritort Felix 
Published: August 2010

Accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of nucleic acids is crucial to predicting their structure and stability. To date most measurements of base-pair free energies in DNA are obtained in thermal denaturation experiments, which depend on several assumptions. Here we report measurements of the DNA base-pair free energies based on a simplified system, the mechanical unzipping of single DNA molecules. By combining experimental data with a physical model and an optimization algorithm for analysis, we measure the 10 unique nearest-neighbor base-pair free energies with 0.1 kcal mol
-1
precision over two orders of magnitude of monovalent salt concentration. We find an improved set of standard energy values compared with Unified Oligonucleotide energies and a unique set of 10 base-pair-specific salt-correction values. The latter are found to be strongest for AA/TT and weakest for CC/GG. Our unique energy values and salt corrections improve predictions of DNA unzipping forces and are fully compatible with melting temperatures for oligos. The method should make it possible to obtain free energies, enthalpies, and entropies in conditions not accessible by bulk methodologies.
Pacing pattern and performance during the 2008 Olympic rowing regatta
Authors: Muehlbauer Thomas , Schindler Christian , Widmer Alexander 
Published: August 2010

AbstractData from the 2008 Olympic rowing regatta were analysed to determine the time distribution during races and to assess whether pacing patterns differ between heats and the corresponding finals. Absolute and relative sector times for all of the four 500 m race quarters were analysed, for all boats in all heavyweight heats and final races (n=72 boats for men, n=60 boats for women). Irrespective of race type, boat rank or boat type, analyses of variance with repeated measures revealed that absolute times in the second and/or third race quarter(s) were significantly (both sexes: P<0.001) longer than those either in the first or final quarter, resulting in a parabolic‐shaped profile. Compared with the heats, the pacing pattern adopted during the finals was significantly different (females: P<0.013; males: P<0.001); that is, relatively slower in the first and second race quarter but relatively faster in the last quarter. The parabolic‐shaped race profile indicates an anticipatory control of speed and energy distribution over the course of the 2000‐m race. The observed changes in pacing pattern suggest that during the finals a more conservative starting pace is used, which could be physiologically advantageous, because some energy is withheld for the final spurt.
Glycaemic, insulinaemic, and immune responses to commercially available beverages consumed during recovery from rowing training
Authors: Macdonald Sara L. , Perry Tracy L. , Rose Meredith C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe consumption of carbohydrate and protein after exercise improves muscle glycogen synthesis and attenuates the decrease in immune function seen with endurance‐type exercise. However, the impact of consuming commercially available beverages on glycaemic, insulinaemic, and immune responses during recovery from rowing training has not been investigated. Twenty‐one male and female rowers completed four trials in a randomized order. Commercially available beverages were consumed in volumes providing 1.2 g carbohydrate · kg−1 body mass, upon completion of ~90 min of rowing at 60–70% maximum oxygen uptake, interspersed with up to five 5‐min intervals at or above race pace. Blood samples were taken before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after consumption of the beverages for analysis of insulin and glucose and at 90 and 360 min for the analysis of cortisol and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The high‐carbohydrate sports beverage and the meal replacement beverage produced a significantly larger (P<0.05) glucose incremental area under the curve than the sports‐specific meal replacement beverage or the flavoured milk beverage. The high‐carbohydrate sports beverage and the sports‐specific meal replacement beverage produced a significantly lower (P<0.05) insulin incremental area under the curve than the meal replacement beverage or the flavoured milk beverage. The meal replacement beverage produced both a high glycaemic and insulinaemic response, suggesting that it may produce a higher rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis. There was a significant interaction between time and beverage for IL‐6 (P=0.001), but not for cortisol (P=0.779). These results indicate that the impact of post‐exercise nutrition on immune response may not be exclusively mediated by an attenuation of the cortisol response.
Aquaculture: global status and trends
Authors: Bostock John , McAndrew Brendan , Richards Randolph , Jauncey Kim , Telfer Trevor , Lorenzen Kai , Little David , Ross Lindsay , Handisyde Neil , Gatward Iain , Corner Richard 
Published: August 2010

Aquaculture contributed 43 per cent of aquatic animal food for human consumption in 2007 (e.g. fish, crustaceans and molluscs, but excluding mammals, reptiles and aquatic plants) and is expected to grow further to meet the future demand. It is very diverse and, contrary to many perceptions, dominated by shellfish and herbivorous and omnivorous pond fish either entirely or partly utilizing natural productivity. The rapid growth in the production of carnivorous species such as salmon, shrimp and catfish has been driven by globalizing trade and favourable economics of larger scale intensive farming. Most aquaculture systems rely on low/uncosted environmental goods and services, so a critical issue for the future is whether these are brought into company accounts and the consequent effects this would have on production economics. Failing that, increased competition for natural resources will force governments to allocate strategically or leave the market to determine their use depending on activities that can extract the highest value. Further uncertainties include the impact of climate change, future fisheries supplies (for competition and feed supply), practical limits in terms of scale and in the economics of integration and the development and acceptability of new bio-engineering technologies.
In the medium term, increased output is likely to require expansion in new environments, further intensification and efficiency gains for more sustainable and cost-effective production. The trend towards enhanced intensive systems with key monocultures remains strong and, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a significant contributor to future supplies. Dependence on external feeds (including fish), water and energy are key issues. Some new species will enter production and policies that support the reduction of resource footprints and improve integration could lead to new developments as well as reversing decline in some more traditional systems.
Characterization of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Gibberellin Perception Complex Formation in Rice
Authors: Hirano Ko , Asano Kenji , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Kawamura Mayuko , Mori Hitoshi , Kitano Hidemi , Ueguchi-Tanaka Miyako , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) is a repressor of gibberellin (GA) signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), and most of the GA-associated responses are induced upon SLR1 degradation. It is assumed that interaction between GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) and the N-terminal DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 triggers F-box protein GID2-mediated SLR1 degradation. We identified a semidominant dwarf mutant, Slr1-d4, which contains a mutation in the region encoding the C-terminal GRAS domain of SLR1 (SLR1G576V). The GA-dependent degradation of SLR1G576V was reduced in Slr1-d4, and compared with SLR1, SLR1G576V showed reduced interaction with GID1 and almost none with GID2 when tested in yeast cells. Surface plasmon resonance of GID1-SLR1 and GID1-SLR1G576V interactions revealed that the GRAS domain of SLR1 functions to stabilize the GID1-SLR1 interaction by reducing its dissociation rate and that the G576V substitution in SLR1 diminishes this stability. These results suggest that the stable interaction of GID1-SLR1 through the GRAS domain is essential for the recognition of SLR1 by GID2. We propose that when the DELLA/TVHYNP motif of SLR1 binds with GID1, it enables the GRAS domain of SLR1 to interact with GID1 and that the stable GID1-SLR1 complex is efficiently recognized by GID2.
Investigation of high-temperature phase transformation in one-dimensional Ta2O5nanorods
Authors: Devan Rupesh S. , Lin Jin-Han , Ho Wei-Der , Wu Sheng Yun , Liou Yung , Ma Yuan-Ron 
Published: August 2010

The thermochromic phase transformations that occur in one-dimensional Ta2O5nanorods were analysed at elevated temperatures ranging from 300 to 750 K. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data revealed not only the electronic structures and chemical properties of the one-dimensional Ta2O5nanorods, but also their stoichiometric Ta and O compositions. High-temperature X-ray diffraction data revealed complex and polymorphic thermochromic phase transformations of the α(1 0 11), α(200), α(2 0 10), β(3 11 1) and β(2 21 1) lattice planes in the one-dimensional Ta2O5nanorods, which incorporate β to α (β–α), β to β (β–β), α to α (α–α) and α to β (α–β) phase transitions. The thermochromic phase transformations between α- and β-phase crystals can be explained by a shift in 2θ and expansion of thedspacing of the lattice planes.
Cross‐cultural structures of concentric and diametric dualism in Lévi‐Strauss’ structural anthropology: structures of relation underlying the self and ego relation?
Authors: Downes Paul 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:The parallels between Jung's and Lévi‐Strauss’ concentric cross‐cultural structures of the unconscious are highlighted. Lévi‐Strauss’ basic contrasts between concentric and diametric dualisms are developed into psychologically relevant differences regarding symmetry, connection and separation, and interaction between foreground and background structures respectively. These contrasts between concentric and diametric structures are applied as a common structural framework for understanding Jungian conceptions of the self, the ego and their relations, Freudian views of compensation and repetition in obsessional neurosis, and Winnicott's conception of a child's transitional object. Developing the contrasts between concentric and diametric structures reveals a compensatory relation between both structures. This supports an argument that concentric structures express the self and diametric structures express the ego in their mutual compensatory interrelation. Contrasting concentric with ­diametric structures challenges traditional Western logic, including Fordham's view that it is contradictory to treat the self as both centre and totality. It also develops an understanding of Jung's transcendent function which seeks to go beyond the ego‐shadow opposition.
Trauma and defences: their roots in relationship
Authors: Knox Jean 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: In this paper the differing psychodynamic models of defences are outlined and compared with an attachment theory perspective in which affect regulation plays a central role. Behavioural and intrapsychic distance regulation (defensive exclusion) are seen as the main strategies for affect regulation and are the manifestations of the habitual ­pattern of emotional regulation in the relationship between the child and the primary caregiver. A new perspective on unconscious fantasy is offered, in which fantasies are seen to be actively created as defensive narratives to protect the development of healthy narcissism and to become integrated into a person's internal working models. Archetypal defences are explored from a developmental perspective and some neurobiological issues relevant to defences are highlighted.