bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of interface in ferromagnetism of (Zn,Co)O films
Authors: Godlewski M. , Guziewicz E. , Łukasiewicz M. I. , Kowalik I. A. , Sawicki M. , Witkowski B. S. , Jakieła R. , Lisowski W. , Sobczak J. W. , Krawczyk M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate that room temperature ferromagnetic response (RT FR) of ZnCoO films grown at low temperature by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is due to Co metal accumulations at the ZnCoO/substrate interface region. The accumulated experimental evidences allow us to reject several other explanations of this effect in our samples, despite the fact that some of them are likely to be responsible for the low temperature FM in this class of the material.
Influence of texture on the ferromagnetic properties of nanograined ZnO films
Authors: Straumal Boris , Mazilkin Andrei , Protasova Svetlana , Myatiev Ata , Straumal Petr , Goering Eberhard , Baretzky Brigitte 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe pure ZnO thin films were deposited by the wet chemistry (‘liquid ceramics’) method from the butanoate precursors on the single‐crystalline (102) sapphire substrates. The films annealed in air (550 °C, 24 h) after butanoate pyrolysis have pronounced texture, and they reveal the ferromagnetic behaviour. Argon annealed films (650 °C, 30 min) exhibit randomly oriented grains, where the ferromagnetism of these non‐textured films is almost equal to that of bare substrate. In both cases the films consist of dense equiaxial nanograins with size ∼20 nm. We observed that grain boundaries (GBs) and related vacancies are the intrinsic origin for RT ferromagnetism in polycrystals [Straumal et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 205206 (2009)]. Present results demonstrate that not only the specific area of GBs in nanograined ZnO alone determines the ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO. The GB character distribution (i.e. GB misorientation and orientation) is different in the textured and non‐textured films. Most probably, the GBs with different character possess also different magnetic properties. The role of GBs, free surfaces and interfaces in ferromagnetic behaviour of GaN is discussed. In particular, their presence permits to increase the Mn solubility in GaN without precipitation of secondary ferromagnetic phases.
Magnetic anisotropy of semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te microstructures produced by laser and electron beam induced crystallization
Authors: Knoff Wojciech , Świątek Krzysztof , Andrearczyk Tomasz , Domukhovski Viktor , Dziawa Piotr , Kowalczyk Leszek , Łusakowska Elżbieta , Šiušys Aloyzas , Taliashvili Badri , Wróbel Jerzy , Story Tomasz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFerromagnetic transition and magnetic anisotropy was studied by SQUID magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) methods in polycrystalline Ge1‐xMnxTe (x = 0.085) semiconductor microstructures embedded in an amorphous, insulating, and paramagnetic (Ge,Mn)Te matrix. The microstructures were produced by pulsed laser and electron beam induced local re‐crystallization of amorphous layers deposited on insulating BaF2 substrates. The angular dependence of the FMR resonance field observed below the Curie temperature TC = 70 K of the microstructures is quantitatively described by the analysis of Zeeman and demagnetization contributions to magnetic free energy. Good agreement with experimental results obtained in the case of structures produced by pulsed laser re‐crystallization indicates the formation of ferromagnetic (Ge,Mn)Te thin disks of submicron dimensions.
Self‐organization of silica nano‐particles induced by the ion beam
Authors: Lugomer Stjepan , Zolnai Zsolt , Tóth Attila L. , Bársony István 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe studied the self‐organization (SO) of small‐size (D = 90 nm), medium‐size (220 nm), and large‐size (450 nm) colloidal silica nanoparticles in Langmuir‐Blodgett layers induced by a focused Ga+ ion beam with energy of 30 keV. The ion irradiation induces SO into various types of clusters as the result of particle charging and heating, Coulomb repulsion and motion on the substrate surface, as well as of particle ‐ particle and particle ‐ substrate interaction. These processes show a great difference of the underlying dynamics and of the characteristics of SO pattern, depending on the particle size and on the ion fluence. The two dimensional (2D) pattern of the small‐size particles is transformed into “infinite” chain‐cluster, while the pattern of medium‐size particles is transformed into a number of short separated chain‐clusters. The pattern of large‐size particles is mostly unchanged, but shows particle melting and buckling, which at higher fluences passes into ion beam‐induced sputtering (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Agents against Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kuorwel Kuorwel K. , Cran Marlene J. , Sonneveld Kees , Miltz Joseph , Bigger Stephen W. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe antimicrobial (AM) activity of starch‐based films coated with linalool, carvacrol or thymol against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro and/or inoculated on the surface of Cheddar cheese was investigated. In solid medium using the agar diffusion method and in experiments involving the inoculation of the microorganism on the surface of Cheddar cheese, all the films containing these AM agents in coatings demonstrated an inhibitory effect against S. cerevisiae. The results suggest that the overall inhibitory effect of linalool, carvacrol or thymol increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the concentration of each of the AM agents in the film coating and that the response is linear in the concentration range of 1 to 5% (w/w) of the AM agent. Thymol had the highest AM efficacy followed by carvacrol, whereas linalool had the lowest efficacy amongst the three systems. The zones of inhibition in the agar diffusion test method at 25°C for S. cerevisiae were found to be 7.6, 7.1 and 6.1 mm for thymol, carvacrol and linalool at 1% (w/w) loading and 13.2, 12.2 and 11.2 mm at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. The death rates of S. cerevisiae on Cheddar cheese wrapped in films coated with thymol, carvacrol and linalool and stored for up to 28 days at 15°C were found to be 0.044, 0.043 and 0.038 per day at 1% (w/w) loading and 0.077, 0.073 and 0.063 per day at 5% (w/w) loading of the AM agents, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Active Packaging to Increase Shelf Life of Gluten‐Free Sliced Bread
Authors: Gutiérrez Laura , Batlle Ramón , Andújar Sonia , Sánchez Cristina , Nerín Cristina 
Published: May 2011

This paper presents a complete study and comparison of the efficiency of three types of packaging system: active packaging, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and combinations of both. To choose the best option, we must take into account microbiological results as well as sensory quality; therefore, a complete sensory study and an in‐depth statistical study were carried out, in order to evaluate each option and their interactions.The results showed that active packaging considerably increases the shelf life of packaged food, so it could be an attractive option to extend the shelf life. The active packaging provided better sensorial properties than the MAP option. Positive factors like characteristic flavour and spongy texture had higher values in the absence of MAP, and negative properties like cinnamon flavour, crumbly texture and hardness reached higher values when MAP was present in the packaged food. So when microbiological and sensorial properties are taken into account, the active packaging is a better option than MAP to increase shelf life because it inhibits microbial growth while maintaining the high quality of sensorial properties for gluten‐free breads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating markers for treatment selection based on survival time
Authors: Song Xiao , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor many medical conditions, several treatment options may be available for treating patients. We consider evaluating markers based on a simple treatment selection policy that incorporates information on the patient's marker value. For example, colon cancer patients may be treated by surgery alone or surgery plus chemotherapy. The c‐myc gene expression level may be used as a biomarker for treatment selection. Although traditional regression methods may assess the effect of the marker and treatment on outcomes, it is more appealing to quantify directly the potential impact on the population of using the marker to select treatment. A useful tool is the selection impact (SI) curve proposed by Song and Pepe for binary outcomes (Biometrics2004; 60:874–883). However, the current SI method does not deal with continuous outcomes, nor does it allow to adjust for other covariates that are important for treatment selection. In this paper, we extend the SI curve for general outcomes, with a specific focus on survival time. We further propose the covariate‐specific SI curve to incorporate covariate information in treatment selection. Nonparametric and semiparametric estimators are developed accordingly. We show that the proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. The performance is assessed by simulation studies and illustrated through an application to data from a cancer clinical trial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Advanced Particles and Particle‐Based Materials Assisted by Droplet‐Based Microfluidics
Authors: Wang Jing‐Tao , Wang Juan , Han Jun‐Jie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecent advances in the fabrication of complex particles and particle‐based materials assisted by droplet‐based microfluidics are reviewed. Monodisperse particles with expected internal structures, morphologies, and sizes in the range of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers have received a good deal of attention in recent years. Due to the capability of generating monodisperse emulsions and of executing precise control and operations on the suspended droplets inside the microchannels, droplet‐based microfluidic devices have become powerful tools for fabricating complex particles with desired properties. Emulsions and multiple‐emulsions generated in the microfluidic devices can be composed of a variety of materials including aqueous solutions, gels, polymers and solutions containing functional nanoparticles. They are ideal microreactors or fine templates for synthesizing advanced particles, such as polymer particles, microcapsules, nanocrystals, and photonic crystal clusters or beads by further chemical or physical operations. These particles are promising materials that may be applicable for many fields, such as photonic materials, drug delivery systems, and bio‐analysis. From simple to complex, from spherical to nonspherical, from polymerization and reaction crystallization to self‐assembly, this review aims to help readers be aware of the many aspects of this field.
The toxic effects of nickel chloride on liver, erythropoiesis, and development in Wistar albino preimplanted rats can be reversed with selenium pretreatment
Authors: Adjroud Ounassa 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe exposure to nickel chloride (NiCl2) can cause hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity and canaffect development. The present study pertains to the protective effect of selenium (Se) against NiCl2‐induced toxicity in preimplanted Wistar albino rats. The subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 25 or 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 to Wistar albino rats on day 3 of gestation induced an immediate and significant decrease in maternal body weight and anemia 2 days after treatment. In addition, an increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed. These effects were maintained on day 20 of gestation. Moreover, a significant increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed with the administration of 25 mg/kg of NiCl2. Conversely, administration of 50 mg/kg of NiCl2 by s.c. injection increased erythropoiesis at day 20 of gestation and decreased platelets counts. In addition, administration of 100 mg/kg of NiCl2 markedly reduced the maternal body weight and number of live fetuses and increased fetal loss, predominantly at the end of the experimental period. All dose levels of NiCl2 caused an alteration in the hepatic histoarchitecture. When 0.3‐mg/kg Se was injected s.c. with 100‐mg/kg NiCl2, the levels of plasma AST and ALT and the structure of the liver were restored. Administration of 20 mg/L/day of NiCl2 in the drinking water significantly reduced the maternal body weight at day five of gestation as well as erythropoiesis during the exposure period. The present study suggests that Se can counteract the nocuous effect of nickel on the liver; however this antioxidant did not prevent alterations in development and erythropoiesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
FMR1 premutation and full mutation molecular mechanisms related to autism
Authors: Hagerman Randi , Au Jacky , Hagerman Paul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by an expanded CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the 5′ un-translated portion of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) leading to a deficiency or absence of the FMR1 protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of a number of other genes that are important for synaptic development and plasticity. Furthermore, many of these genes, when mutated, have been linked to autism in the general population, which may explain the high comorbidity that exists between FXS and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Additionally, premutation repeat expansions (55 to 200 CGG repeats) may also give rise to ASD through a different molecular mechanism that involves a direct toxic effect of FMR1 mRNA. It is believed that RNA toxicity underlies much of the premutation-related involvement, including developmental concerns like autism, as well as neurodegenerative issues with aging such as the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). RNA toxicity can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is common in older premutation carriers both with and without FXTAS. Many of the problems with cellular dysregulation in both premutation and full mutation neurons also parallel the cellular abnormalities that have been documented in idiopathic autism. Research regarding dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems caused by the lack of FMRP in FXS, including metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 (mGluR1/5) pathway and GABA pathways, has led to new targeted treatments for FXS. Preliminary evidence suggests that these new targeted treatments will also be beneficial in non-fragile X forms of autism.
Understanding the “Russian Mortality Paradox” in Central Asia: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Guillot Michel , Gavrilova Natalia , Pudrovska Tetyana 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the former Soviet republics of central Asia, ethnic Russians have exhibited higher adult mortality than native ethnic groups (e.g., Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek) in spite of the higher socioeconomic status of ethnic Russians. The mortality disadvantage of ethnic Russians at adult ages appears to have even increased since the breakup of the Soviet Union. The most common explanation for this “Russian mortality paradox,” is that deaths are better reported among ethnic Russians. In this study, we use detailed mortality data from Kyrgyzstan between 1959 and 1999 to evaluate various explanations for the Russian mortality paradox: data artifacts, migration effects, and cultural effects. We find that the most plausible explanation is the cultural hypothesis because the personal behaviors that appear to generate a large part of the observed mortality differences (alcohol consumption, in particular) seem to be closely tied to cultural practices. We examine the implications of this finding for understanding the health crisis in post-Soviet states.
The geochemistry of Cambrian organic matter from the Cis-Yenisei subprovince (evidence from the wells Vostok-1 and Vostok-3)
Authors: Kontorovich A.E. , Kostyreva E.A. , Saraev S.V. , Melenevskii V.N. , Fomin A.N. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The paper presents the first comprehensive geochemical data, obtained by modern techniques, on the dispersed organic matter (OM) of Cambrian sediments in the Upper Proterozoic–Paleozoic Cis-Yenisei sedimentary basin (parametric wells Vostok-1 and Vostok-3). The carbonaceous rocks of the Churbiga and Paidugina Formations are the most OM-enriched in the studied Cambrian sections. The OM in these sections is of aquagene (bacterial, plankton-derived) origin. A detailed description of biomarker hydrocarbons has been given for the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons. Also, the high degree of OM catagenesis (apocatagenesis) has been established. Finally, geochemical criteria for predicting the petroleum potential have been considered.
Dissipative processes in fault zones (based on physical modeling results)
Authors: Bornyakov S.A. , Semenova N.V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Active fault zones are considered open systems. Tectonic stress energy accumulated and redistributed in the areas of its active dynamic influence under the action of various energy sources is spent mainly in slow tectonic and discrete rapid seismic dissipative processes. Based on the results of physical modeling of the formation of a large fault zone, the spatial and temporal relations between tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are analyzed and their controlling factors are estimated. Tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are in particular spatial and temporal relations during the structural evolution of the fault zone and occur in antiphase. As a rule, the maximum development of one process coincides with the minimum occurrence of the other, and these moments correspond to the beginning or end of stages, phases or other shorter evolutionary periods. Depending on the scale of the deformation process, the frequency of repeatability of these periods determines the periodicity of activation of tectonic and seismic dissipations and their spatial features.
An example of a pathological random perturbation of the Cat Map
Authors: YARMOLA TATIANA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper we give an example of a random perturbation of the Cat Map that produces a ‘global statistical attractor’ in the form of a line segment. The transition probabilities for this random perturbation are smooth in some but not all directions. All initial distributions on 𝕋2 are attracted to distributions supported on this line segment.
Introducing irrigation efficiencies: prospects for flood-dependent biodiversity in a rice agro-ecosystem
Authors: McINTYRE S. , McGINNESS H. M. , GAYDON D. , ARTHUR A. D. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYWorldwide, irrigation development has affected pre-existing natural habitats and created novel aquatic habitats, and future changes in management will continue to influence flood-dependent vegetation and fauna. Irrigated agriculture has had a profound influence on native biodiversity in the Riverina region of temperate Australia. Current irrigation practices provide large amounts of water to the landscape in the form of constructed wetland habitats: irrigation channels, impoundments and flooded crop-growing areas. Flooded rice bays support many species of native wetland plants, and 12 of the 14 species of frog recorded in the region. All constructed habitats provide a food resource for waterbirds, but not breeding habitat. While a species of tortoise benefits from the provision of constructed habitats, terrestrial reptiles and mammals are most abundant in remaining native vegetation. The climate is predicted to become increasingly hot and dry, with a reduced and more variable supply of irrigation water, thus placing increasing stress on farming and on natural ecosystems. The predicted reduction of constructed aquatic habitats may affect the native species using them, but may not have a major adverse impact on biodiversity regionally because the species recorded in constructed habitats tend be abundant and widespread, and such species also occur in natural wetland habitats. Sensitive species that depend on native vegetation persisting in reasonable amounts and in good condition are at greater risk. In the Riverina, the remaining native vegetation should be managed to protect and improve its condition, including appropriate managed inundation events for flood-dependent communities. The landscape should be managed to provide the best context for the function and health of existing vegetation including moderating the effects of soil disturbance, fertilizers and herbicides. The impacts of changed irrigation practices should be mitigated through managed flooding of remnant vegetation. In countries with more evolved, traditional rice-growing systems than the Riverina, there will be greater emphasis on biodiversity coexistence with cultivation. Nonetheless, in all settings there is value in jointly considering the role of both natural and constructed habitats in biodiversity research and conservation.
(A3) Health Care Facilities Affected by the Earthquake in Chile
Authors: Bambaren C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionOn February 27, 2010, a 8,8 MW earthquake struck the central and southern coast of Chile, that was followed by a tsunami that destroyed some cities such as Constitution, Ilaco, Talcahuando and Dichato. The national authorities reported 512 dead and 81,444 homes were affected. It was the one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the human modern history. The most affected regions were Maule (VII) and Bio (VIII).ResultsThe impact of the quake in the health sector was enormous especially on the health care infrastructure. The preliminary evaluations showed that 18 hospitals were out of service due severe structural and no-structural damages, interruption of the provision of water or because they were at risk to landslides. Another 31 hospitals had moderate damage. The Ministry of Health lost 4249 beds including 297 (7%) in critical care units. Twenty-two percent of the total number of beds and thirty-nine surgical facilities available in the affected regions were lost in a few minutes due to quake. At least eight hospitals should be reconstructed and other hospitals will need complex repair.ConclusionThe effect of the earthquake was significant on hospital services. It included damages to the infrastructure and the loss of furniture and biomedical equipment. The interruption of the cold chain caused loss of vaccines. National and foreign field hospitals, temporary facilities and the strengthening of the primary health care facilities had been important to assure the continuation of health care services. *Based on information from PAHO – Chile.
(A10) Animal Search and Rescue
Authors: Green D. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundIn the United States, animal search and rescue (ASAR) is becoming a recognized component of Search and Rescue (SAR).Discussion and ObservationsUrban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams have long recognized the importance of having trained animal rescuers available to handle the animals that are often with humans seeking rescue. Animals are such an important part of most U.S. families, that in many cases, if the animal isn't included in the rescue efforts, the human will refuse to evacuate. The International Fund for Animal Welfare received a grant in 2010 to develop an ASAR curriculum and to train two Type II ASAR teams in Mississippi and Louisiana. This presentation will provide an overview of that curriculum and the courses that were developed for the unique tasks, skills, and equipment needs for animal search and rescue.