bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers: The Process at the UN ILC
Authors: Stephan Raya Marina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 2002, the UN International Law Commission added to its program of work the topic of Shared Natural Resources: transboundary groundwater, oil and gas. Six years later, the UN ILC completed its work on the first sub-topic by adopting at second reading nineteen draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers. The draft articles were then deferred to the UN General Assembly, which adopted Resolution A/RES/63/124 including the draft articles in annex. In the Resolution, the UN GA “encourages the States concerned to make appropriate bilateral or regional arrangements for the proper management of their transboundary aquifers, taking into account the provisions of these draft articles”.The paper will go through the main principles codified in the draft articles. The UN ILC had benefited from a unique cooperation on the science of hydrogeology from UNESCO’s International Hydrological Program; hence it considered and covered issues of main importance for hydrogeologists.
The Law of Transboundary Aquifers in Practice ‐ the Mureş Alluvial Fan Aquifer System (Romania/Hungary)
Authors: Zaharia Felix 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAt the beginning of April 2011, local water companies from the counties of Arad in Romania and Békés in Hungary initiated the demarches for the first project of transboundary supply of groundwater from the Romanian part of the Mureş Alluvial Fan Aquifer System to consumers in Hungary. An idea which came about at the same time that the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers were being adopted, will be probably put into practice shortly after the United Nations General Assembly would have analyzed whether to transform the Draft Articles into a multilateral treaty. Until then, many legal questions regarding this project must be answered, some of them national, others international. This article tries to answer some of these problems, with the help of the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers and the bilateral agreements concluded between Romania and Hungary.
The last will and testament of Simone Luzzatto (1583?‐1663) and the only known manuscript of the Discorso (1638) Newly discovered manuscripts from the state archive of Venice and the Marciana library, Venice
Authors: Veltri Giuseppe , Bartolucci Guido 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe State Archive of Venice and the Marciana Library (Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana) are a veritable treasure house for documenting Jewish life in Venice in past centuries. As result of a recent research visit by Gianfranco Miletto to the former state of the Serenissima, the last will and testament of the famous Rabbi and philosopher Simone Luzzatto came to light.1 In addition to this, Guido Bartolucci discovered the perhaps only extant manuscript of the Discorso in the Biblioteca Marciana. It sheds new light on the question of the composition and use of this apologetic piece of writing by the Rabbi of Venice.This research note publishes only the documents, enumerating at first the exceptional data contained in both of them, contributing to a better understanding of the biography of Simone Luzzatto. A later publication,2 English translation and future studies of all the extant documents on Luzzatto’s family will evaluate these texts in a broader biographical context.
Controlled Damage: The Mechanics and Micro-History of the Damnatio Memoriae Carried Out in KV-23, the Tomb of Ay
Authors: Wilkinson Richard H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPreliminary study of the damaged royal names and images in KV-23—the tomb of Tutankhamun’s successor Ay—conducted a number of years ago and more recent consideration of the data from that research have enabled an understanding of the mechanics of the damnatio leveled against the monument. This research has also enabled the formation of conclusions regarding some of the symbolic aspects of the destruction. Although the details of the recovered evidence are those of a singular event in a particular tomb, the principles of the mechanics and symbolism underlying the destruction have broader application to our understanding of the process of damnatio in ancient Egypt, though many unanswered questions remain.
"The Gender Agenda": New Strategies in Catholic Fundamentalist Framing of Non-Heterosexuality in Europe
Authors: Notermans Catrien , Samson Judith , Jansen Willy 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCatholic fundamentalists attempt to mobilize a social movement against the EU's antidiscrimination policies by engaging with feminist and other scientific theories. The framing strategies they employ will be studied through narrative analysis of different Catholic fundamentalist texts. A particular focus will be placed on the public statements of Pope Benedict XVI on homosexuality and on the anti-EU narrative "The Gender Revolution" by the German writer Gabriele Kuby. It is argued that in their discourses they use a specific framing strategy, namely to present themselves and (fundamentalist) Christianity as gender experts and preservers of European democracy.
Creating Synthetic Wind Speed Time Series for 15 New Zealand Wind Farms
Authors: Turner Richard , Zheng Xiaogu , Gordon Neil , Uddstrom Michael , Pearson Greg , de Vos Rilke , Moore Stuart 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWind data at time scales from 10 min to 1 h are an important input for modeling the performance of wind farms and their impact on many countries’ national electricity systems. Planners need long-term realistic (i.e., meteorologically spatially and temporally consistent) wind-farm data for projects studying how best to integrate wind power into the national electricity grid. In New Zealand, wind data recorded at wind farms are confidential for commercial reasons, however, and publicly available wind data records are for sites that are often not representative of or are distant from wind farms. In general, too, the public sites are at much lower terrain elevations than hilltop wind farms and have anemometers located at 10 m above the ground, which is much lower than turbine hub height. In addition, when available, the mast records from wind-farm sites are only for a short period. In this paper, the authors describe a novel and practical method to create a multiyear 10-min synthetic wind speed time series for 15 wind-farm sites throughout the country for the New Zealand Electricity Commission. The Electricity Commission (known as the Electricity Authority since 1 October 2010) is the agency that has regulatory oversight of the electricity industry and that provides advice to central government. The dataset was constructed in such a way as to preserve meteorological realism both spatially and temporally and also to respect the commercial secrecy of the wind data provided by power-generation companies.
Aerial Rivers and Lakes: Looking at Large-Scale Moisture Transport and Its Relation to Amazonia and to Subtropical Rainfall in South America
Authors: Arraut Josefina Moraes , Nobre Carlos , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Obregon Guillermo , Marengo José 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This is an observational study of the large-scale moisture transport over South America, with some analyses on its relation to subtropical rainfall. The concept of aerial rivers is proposed as a framework: it is an analogy between the main pathways of moisture flow in the atmosphere and surface rivers. Opposite to surface rivers, aerial rivers gain (lose) water through evaporation (precipitation). The magnitude of the vertically integrated moisture transport is discharge, and precipitable water is like the mass of the liquid column—multiplied by an equivalent speed it gives discharge. Trade wind flow into Amazonia, and the north/northwesterly flow to the subtropics, east of the Andes, are aerial rivers. Aerial lakes are the sections of a moisture pathway where the flow slows down and broadens, because of diffluence, and becomes deeper, with higher precipitable water. This is the case over Amazonia, downstream of the trade wind confluence. In the dry season, moisture from the aerial lake is transported northeastward, but weaker flow over southern Amazonia heads southward toward the subtropics. Southern Amazonia appears as a source of moisture to this flow. Aerial river discharge to the subtropics is comparable to that of the Amazon River. The variations of the amount of moisture coming from Amazonia have an important effect over the variability of discharge. Correlations between the flow from Amazonia and subtropical rainfall are not strong. However, some months within the set of dry seasons observed showed a strong increase (decrease) occurring together with an important increase (decrease) in subtropical rainfall.
Factors Regulating the Air–Sea Heat Fluxes Regime over the Aegean Sea
Authors: Papadopoulos Vassilis P. , Bartzokas Aristides , Chronis Themistoklis , Georgopoulos Dimitris , Ferentinos George 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The authors examine the impact of low-frequency atmospheric forcings on the air–sea heat fluxes over the Aegean Sea. The correlation between the air–sea heat flux components and three established [North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), east Atlantic–western Russian pattern (EAWR), and North Sea–Caspian pattern (NCP)] and two testing climatic indices of potential effect over the eastern Mediterranean Sea region underlines significant discrepancies between the radiative (shortwave and longwave radiation) and the turbulent (sensible and latent heat) components. The NAO index affects the air–sea heat fluxes over the Aegean Sea region much less than the two innovative indices, the “Mediterranean index” and the “Eastern Europe index,” which play more effective roles. Moreover, the influence of the sea level atmospheric pressure (SLP) variability over an extended area (Europe and North Africa) on surface fluxes regime is investigated. The SLP anomalies are corroborated as a prominent regulating factor of the air–sea heat fluxes over the Aegean Sea region, especially during the cold season of the year. The analysis of the extreme values in the heat exchange anomalies for the period 1958–2001 highlights the role of SLP field on determining the air–sea heat fluxes regime, mainly during winter, when, occasionally, large amounts of heat loss from the sea surface trigger the mechanism of intermediate- and deep-water formation. It is suggested that wind regime and turbulent components are the modulators of the net air–sea heat flux anomalies throughout the year.
An Open Boundary Condition for Numerical Coastal Circulation Models
Authors: Ma Peifeng , Madsen Ole Secher 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Open boundaries (OBs) are usually unavoidable in numerical coastal circulation simulations. At OBs, an appropriate open boundary condition (OBC) is required so that outgoing waves freely pass to the exterior without creating reflections back into the interior of the computational domain. In this paper, the authors derive, based on the shallow-water equations including bottom friction and neglecting Coriolis effect and by means of nonlinear characteristic analysis, an OBC formulation with two predictive parameters, phase speed cr, and decay time Tf. Simple idealized tests are performed to demonstrate the proposed OBC’s excellent skills in elimination of unwanted reflections at OBs when the motion is periodic, as assumed in its theoretical derivation. It turns out that the formulas for the two OBC parameters become independent of period in the limit of small friction and/or short period. This feature is used to derive an OBC applicable when information about the typical period of the motion to be simulated is unavailable. Simple, idealized tests of this period independent OBC demonstrate its ability to afford excellent results, even when the limitations inherent in its derivation are exceeded. Finally, the OBC is applied in more realistic simulations, including Coriolis effects of 2D tidal flows, and is shown to yield excellent results, especially for residual flows.
Mesoscale Impacts of Explicit Numerical Diffusion in a Convection-Permitting Model
Authors: Langhans Wolfgang , Schmidli Juerg , Schär Christoph 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In convection-permitting simulations, the spectrum of resolved motions is truncated near scales where convection is active. An “energy gap” between resolved and unresolved motions does not exist, such that the upscale and downscale fluxes of energy across the spectrum are affected by the representation of turbulence as well as (implicit and explicit) numerical diffusion. In the current study, a systematic analysis is undertaken of the role of explicit numerical diffusion in simulations of diurnal convection over a large Alpine region, using the Consortium for Small Scale Modeling (COSMO) mesoscale model. Results are explored by using energy spectra and by diagnosing the physical and dynamical contributions to the bulk mesoscale heat budget. In addition, a linear analytical model is employed to assess different formulations of numerical diffusion.
Consistent with previous studies the authors find that diffusion may strongly affect the energy spectrum and the formation of precipitation. Besides the direct impact on convective intensity and cloud distribution, they demonstrate that diffusion has an upscale influence and ultimately affects the mesoscale dynamics. Diffusion reduces the bulk Alpine net heating on a scale of O(100 km). It is hypothesized that this upscale influence is primarily due to the following factor: multiple triggering of orographic convection over a complex mountain range leads to mountain-scale diurnal signals in vertical velocity that are sensitive even to scale-selective diffusion.
The simulations show that, in agreement with linear stability theory of convective growth, convective amplification is most sensitive to numerical diffusion of buoyancy and horizontal momentum components on near-surface model levels. If horizontal diffusion is not accomplished by a physically based parameterization and if the application of noise-reducing (e.g., monotonic) advection schemes proves to be insufficient to obviate the amplification of numerical noise, a necessary minimum of explicit diffusion is found to improve (i.e., decrease) the upscaling of energy to the mesoscale.
Two Configurations of the Western Arctic Shelfbreak Current in Summer
Authors: von Appen Wilken-Jon , Pickart Robert S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Data from a closely spaced array of moorings situated across the Beaufort Sea shelfbreak at 152°W are used to study the Western Arctic Shelfbreak Current, with emphasis on its configuration during the summer season. Two dynamically distinct states of the current are revealed in the absence of wind, with each lasting approximately one month. The first is a surface-intensified shelfbreak jet transporting warm and buoyant Alaskan Coastal Water in late summer. This is the eastward continuation of the Alaskan Coastal Current. It is both baroclinically and barotropically unstable and hence capable of forming the surface-intensified warm-core eddies observed in the southern Beaufort Sea. The second configuration, present during early summer, is a bottom-intensified shelfbreak current advecting weakly stratified Chukchi Summer Water. It is baroclinically unstable and likely forms the middepth warm-core eddies present in the interior basin. The mesoscale instabilities extract energy from the mean flow such that the surface-intensified jet should spin down over an e-folding distance of 300 km beyond the array site, whereas the bottom-intensified configuration should decay within 150 km. This implies that Pacific Summer Water does not extend far into the Canadian Beaufort Sea as a well-defined shelfbreak current. In contrast, the Pacific Winter Water configuration of the shelfbreak jet is estimated to decay over a much greater distance of approximately 1400 km, implying that it should reach the first entrance to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
Ammonium exchange capacity of the Xerovouni zeolitic tuffs, Avdella area, Evros Prefecture, Greece
Authors: Tzamos E. , Kantiranis N. , Papastergios G. , Vogiatzis D. , Filippidis A. , Sikalidis C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZeolitic tuffs from the Xerovouni location of the Avdella area (Evros Prefecture, Greece) contain on average 54 wt.% HEU-type zeolite, 6 wt.% smectite, 4 wt.% mica (64 wt.% microporous minerals), 8 wt.% alkali feldspar, 9 wt.% plagioclase, 11 wt.% cristobalite and 8 wt.% quartz (36 wt.% non-microporous minerals). The chemical formula of the HEU-type zeolite is Ca2.4K0.6Na0.4Mg0.3Al6.7Si29.3O72·17H2O and the tuffs contain on average 72.3 wt.% SiO2, 11.9 wt.% Al2O3, 1.2 wt.% Fe2O3, 1.0 wt.% MgO, 2.8 wt.% CaO, 1.3 wt.% Na2O and 1.9 wt.% K2O. The zeolitic tuffs show an average ammonium exchange capacity of 144 meq/100 g. HEU-type zeolite accounts for the most of the ammonium exchange capacity, while smectite and mica contribute to a relatively small extent. The ammonium exchange capacity of the Xerovouni zeolitic tuffs showed positive correlations with (a) the HEU-type zeolite content, (b) the total microporous minerals content, (c) the loss on ignition content and (d) the CaOcontent. Such materials could be used in a large variety of agricultural, aquacultural, industrial and environmental applications.
A critical reconsideration of biomedical and veterinary applications of natural zeolites
Authors: Colella C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNatural zeolites have traditionally been used as supplements in animal nutrition with positive effects in terms of either faster growth or reduced incidence of diseases and death. The discovery that natural zeolites may act as drugs or coadjutants in pharmaceutical preparations has greatly enlarged the field of their applications in many sectors of biology and medicine, opening unexpected horizons for either basic or applied research. This review updates the state of the art of research in this sector, focusing on clinoptilolite-rich materials, with two main purposes: (1) trying to rationalize this subject, which is extremely variable and heterogeneous, and (2) raising doubts about unsuitable uses of natural zeolites in the light of their known properties and expected behaviour.
Perceived support and psychological outcome following the 2004 tsunami: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. , Lewis Catrin , Howlett Michael , Corallo Daniela , Davies Ellen , Norris Vivien 
Published: August 2011

Aims and methodThe effectiveness of official support provided following a disaster has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to ascertain whether there was an association between perceived support shortly after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and later mental health symptoms in those affected, and to explore the factors associated with this. A survey, semi-structured interviews and focus group were used to explore the experiences and perceptions of 116 individuals severely affected by the tsunami.ResultsAgency or official support was perceived as poor overall. Perceived ineffectiveness of support available within a few days after the tsunami was associated with increased symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder 15–19 months later. The strongest themes that emerged from our study were that support provided in a humane manner was perceived as effective and that uncoordinated support, poor communication and limited accessibility to support and information were perceived as ineffective.Clinical implicationsImproved planning of coordinated, flexible, multi-agency responses to traumatic events before they occur is required.
Medical psychotherapy: a specialty for now
Authors: Mace Chris , Healy Kevin 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIf many patients having multiple difficulties are to receive the integral and efficient psychotherapies they require, they need attention from psychiatrists who have specialised training in psychotherapy. This paper sets out the roles to which existing holders of the Certificate of Completion of Training have already moved to, as they work with patients, families, teams and organisations. The General Medical Council has recognised that the understanding of medical psychotherapists is also vital to the future clinical teaching of all psychiatric trainees. This paper summarises key components of the knowledge and roles of future specialists in medical psychotherapy. It recommends that the term ‘medical psychotherapy’ be used widely to clearly differentiate psychiatrists with this training and these responsibilities from non-medical psychotherapists.
Psychodynamic approaches to teaching medical students about the doctor–patient relationship: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yakeley Jessica , Shoenberg Peter , Morris Richard , Sturgeon David , Majid Sarah 
Published: August 2011

Aims and methodTo evaluate the effectiveness of two psychodynamic psychotherapy teaching methods, a student psychotherapy scheme (SPS) and participation in a Balint group, in teaching first-year clinical medical students about doctor–patient communication and the doctor–patient relationship. The 28 students, who were randomly allocated to three groups (SPS group, Balint group starting at baseline and Balint group starting at 3 months and acting as partial controls), were rated on a questionnaire testing their knowledge of emotional and psychodynamic aspects of the doctor–patient relationship administered at baseline, at 3 months and at 1 year.ResultsAt 3 months, students in the SPS and Balint groups scored higher than the partial control group, the difference approaching significance at the 5% level. At 1 year, participation in either teaching method led to significantly higher scores compared with baseline.Clinical implicationsPsychodynamic psychotherapy teaching methods are effective in increasing students' knowledge of the doctor-patient relationship and potentially also improving their communication skills.
Photoluminescence of Eu3+ and Tb3+ Ions Adsorbed on Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Funatsu Asami , Ida Shintaro , Ogata Chikako , Matsumoto Yasumichi 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Photoluminescence properties of TiO (Ti1.825O4) and NbO (Nb6O17) nanosheets adsorbed with Ln3+ ions were studied comparing with those of photoluminescent Gd–Eu–Ti–O and La–Tb–Ta–O perovskite nanosheets. Intense emissions of Ln3+ (Eu3+ and Tb3+) ions adsorbed on TiO and NbO (Ln3+/MO) nanosheets were observed during UV light illumination. The photoluminescence results from the energy transfer from the band gap excitation of the nanosheets to the adsorbed Ln3+. Coadsorbed H2O increased the emission intensities of the adsorbed Ln3+ for the Ln3+/MO samples. On the other hand, no effect of adsorbed H2O on the emission intensities of the photoluminescent perovskite nanosheets was observed because of the presence of Ln3+ on the inside of the nanosheets. Hydrogen-bonding networks between O2− ions of the nanosheet surface and the adsorbed H2O surrounding Ln3+ will promote the energy transfer for the Ln3+/MO samples. Recombination and photoreaction of the produced electron and hole of the nanosheet, and a phonon due to the adsorbed H2O suppress the emission, according to the analyses of effects of pH, adsorbed ions and D2O on the emission.
Surface Modification of Ferromagnetic L1o FePt Nanoparticles Using Biotin–Avidin as Biomolecular Recognition Probes
Authors: Indrianingsih Anastasia W , Suda Masayuki , Heta Yushi , Suzuki Koji , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Water-dispersible biotin-modified biofunctional ferromagnetic L1o FePt nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by using a silica nanoreactor strategy. The coercivity field of the NPs was 16 kOe at room temperature, with a particle size of around 5.19 nm. Biotin-coated L1o FePt NPs were biocompatible in an aqueous environment and show site-specific interactions with avidin compounds that could potentially yield a new magnetic material for biological applications, such as for biomolecular recognition.