bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning classification of EEG-based BCI monitoring of the attempted arm and hand movements
Authors: Taghi Zadeh Makouei Sahar , Uyulan Caglar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective of this research is to improve the average classification performance for specific movements in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
The study utilizes a low-frequency multi-class electroencephalography (EEG) dataset from Graz University of Technology. The research combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-term memory (LSTM) architectures to uncover neural correlations between temporal and spatial aspects of the EEG signals associated with attempted arm and hand movements. To achieve this, three different methods are used to select relevant features, and the proposed model’s robustness against variations in the data is validated using 10-fold cross-validation (CV). The research also investigates subject-specific adaptation in an online paradigm, extending movement classification proof-of-concept.

Results
The combined CNN-LSTM model, enhanced by three feature selection methods, demonstrates robustness with a mean accuracy of 75.75 % and low standard deviation (+/− 0.74 %) in 10-fold cross-validation, confirming its reliability.

Conclusions
In summary, this research aims to make valuable contributions to the field of neuro-technology by developing EEG-controlled assistive devices using a generalized brain-computer interface (BCI) and deep learning (DL) framework. The focus is on capturing high-level spatiotemporal features and latent dependencies to enhance the performance and usability of EEG-based assistive technologies.
Critical Thinking as an Integrative Process: Debating Wolves in Yellowstone
Authors: De Jonghe Lynn Sargent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe topic of critical thinking has engaged philosophers, psychologists and educators for well over one hundred years. Amid polarized political attacks on the teaching of controversial issues, however, education in critical thinking appears to be nearing a new low, not only in the United States, but also in other countries being torn by partisan politics. This article reviews the ebb and flow of critical thinking efforts, suggests explanations for their discouraging results, and proposes a way forward that treats critical thinking as an integrative process advanced by Mary Parker Follet, and more recently espoused by Bruno Latour and Donna Haraway. In the exploratory spirit of John Dewey and Alfred North Whitehead, I am introducing this essay, not with analysis or theory, but with a narrative of educational events in all their richness of context. These events describe how middle school students addressed the question of whether wolves should be removed from the endangered species list in the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. In the course of this discussion, I wish to demonstrate that thinking critically requires moving beyond winning, losing, or compromising to resolution of conflict, and furthermore, understanding that even stable resolutions must be revisited as events change.
Introducing Grid WAR: rethinking WAR for starting pitchers
Authors: Brill Ryan S. , Wyner Abraham J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The baseball statistic “Wins Above Replacement” (WAR) has emerged as one of the most popular evaluation metrics. But it is not readily observed and tabulated; WAR is an estimate of a parameter in a vaguely defined model with all its attendant assumptions. Industry-standard models of WAR for starting pitchers from FanGraphs and Baseball Reference all assume that season-long averages are sufficient statistics for a pitcher’s performance. This provides an invalid mathematical foundation for many reasons, especially because WAR should not be linear with respect to any counting statistic. To repair this defect, as well as many others, we devise a new measure, Grid WAR, which accurately estimates a starting pitcher’s WAR on a per-game basis. The convexity of Grid WAR diminishes the impact of “blow-up” games and up-weights exceptional games, raising the valuation of pitchers like Sandy Koufax, Whitey Ford, and Catfish Hunter who exhibit fundamental game-by-game variance. Although Grid WAR is designed to accurately measure historical performance, it has predictive value insofar as a pitcher’s Grid WAR is better than Fangraphs’ FIP WAR at predicting future performance. Finally, at https://gridwar.xyz we host a Shiny app which displays the Grid WAR results of each MLB game since 1952, including career, season, and game level results, which updates automatically every morning.
Tunable third harmonic generation based on high-Q polarization-controlled hybrid phase-change metasurface
Authors: Tao Yi , Zhang Dong-Qin , Jin Zhong-Wei , Pan Gui-Ming , Qin Jian-Yuan , Hong Zhi , Fang Bin , Shu Fang-Zhou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces have made significant advancements in the past decade for enhancing light–matter interaction at the nanoscale. Particularly, bound states in the continuum (BICs) based on dielectric metasurfaces have been employed to enhance nonlinear harmonic generation. However, conventional nonlinear metasurfaces are typically fixed in their operating wavelength after fabrication. In this work, we numerically demonstrate tunable third harmonic generation (THG) by integrating a dielectric metasurface with the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). The hybrid phase-change metasurface can support two BICs with different electromagnetic origins, which are transformed into two high-Q quasi-BICs through the introduction of structural asymmetry. The two quasi-BICs are selectively excited by controlling the polarization of incident light, and their wavelengths are tunable due to the phase transition of GST. Notably, the efficiency of THG is significantly enhanced at the fundamental wavelengths corresponding to the two quasi-BICs, and the operating wavelength for THG enhancement can be dynamically tuned through the GST phase transition. Furthermore, the wavelength of THG enhancement can be further tuned by manipulating the polarization of pump light. Additionally, a high-Q analog of electromagnetically induced transparency is numerically achieved through the interaction between a low-Q Mie resonance and a quasi-BIC mode, which also improves the THG efficiency. The high-Q polarization-controlled hybrid phase-change metasurface holds promise for applications in dynamically tunable nonlinear optical devices.
Evaluating SiO2/Al2O3/poly(acrylic acid-co-glycidyl methacrylate) composite as a novel adsorbent for cobalt(II) radionuclides
Authors: Emara Amr M. , Elsharma Emad M. , Abdelmonem Islam M. , Mahmoud Mamdoh R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel SiO2/Al2O3/poly(acrylic acid-co-glycidyl methacrylate), SiO2/Al2O3/P(AA-co-GMA), composite was synthesized and evaluated for its effectiveness in adsorbing Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The composite was analyzed using various techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, DTA, and XRD. The composite displays a high specific surface area of 17.451 m2/g, exceeding that of the corresponding copolymer, which measures 0.236 m2/g. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the factors influencing the adsorption capacity of the composite for Co(II) ions. In the pH experiments, it was found that at a solution pH of 3.4, the P(AA-co-GMA) copolymer alone showed limited capability in adsorbing Co(II) ions, achieving only 3.82 mg/g. However, upon integration of SiO2/Al2O3 into the polymer matrix, the composite exhibited a significantly enhanced adsorption capacity of 103.54 mg/g. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and attained equilibrium within 60 min. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to best describe the adsorption behavior, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 217.86 mg/g. The adsorption of Co(II) was significantly affected by the ionic strength, especially with Al3+ displaying a more pronounced impact on the adsorption of Co(II) ions compared to Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Overall, the SiO2/Al2O3/P(AA-co-GMA) composite material displayed significant adsorption ability for Co(II) ions, making it a suitable option for further development as an effective adsorbent in water treatment applications.
Fast prediction of concrete equivalent modulus based on the random aggregate model and image quadtree SBFEM
Authors: Zhao Wenhu , Fu Chengyue , Zhang Peng , Sun Liguo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the mechanical property of concrete materials rapidly, a fast prediction model of the concrete equivalent modulus is proposed based on the random aggregate model and scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). First, a random aggregate model of meso-concrete is employed to construct the representative volume element (RVE) according to the aggregate content, gradation, shape, etc. Second, the RVE model is transformed to be a grayscale image and stored as a digital matrix. The quadtree mesh is partitioned automatically for simulation by SBFEM. There are only six types of unique subdomains, and the hanging node does not affect the simulation accuracy. The global stiffness matrix can be assembled directly according to the six subdomain stiffness matrices. Finally, the equivalent modulus is predicted by using the numerical homogenization method. Several numerical examples are employed to verify this model, and the results are compared with that of other methods. The result indicates that the proposed model can efficiently determine the equivalent modulus. Furthermore, the effect of the aggregate gradation, shape, porosity, and pore water are studied and analysed in this work. The proposed model is potential and helpful in predicting the mechanical properties of concrete or other composite materials.
Development of the Saini-Hodgins Addiction Risk Potential of Games (SHARP-G) Scale: An International Delphi study
Authors: Saini Nirav , Adair Cam , King Daniel L. , Kuss Daria J. , Gentile Douglas A. , Kim Hyoun S. , Edge Jeremy , Billieux Joël , Ng John , Yun Juliana P. S. , Henkel Lisa , Faulcon Linda , Nogueira Michelle , Nielsen Rune K. L. , Husk Shannon , Rumble Shawn , Becker Trey R. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Hodgins David C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs the gaming industry experiences exponential growth, concerns about gaming disorder (GD) also grow. It is crucial to understand the structural features of games that can interact with individual characteristics of gamers to promote GD. This research consolidates the views of an international body of panelists to create an assessment tool for gauging the addictive potential of distinct games.MethodsUtilizing the iterative and structured Delphi method, an international panel of researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience were recruited to offer a multifaceted viewpoint on the addictive risk associated with specific structural elements in games. Two rounds of surveys facilitated consensus.ResultsThe panel initially included 40 members—ten from research, eight from clinical settings, and 22 with lived experiences. The second round included 27 panelists—seven from research, eight from clinical settings, and 11 with lived experiences. The study identified 25 structural features that contribute to potentially addictive gaming patterns.Discussion and ConclusionsConsensus was found for 25 features, which were distilled into a 23-item evaluation tool. The Saini-Hodgins Addiction Risk Potential of Games Scale (SHARP-G) consists of five overarching categories: ‘Social,’ ‘Gambling-Like Features,’ ‘Personal Investment,’ ‘Accessibility,’ and ‘World Design.’ SHARP-G yields a total score indicating level of addiction risk. A case study applying the scale to three games of differing perceived risk levels demonstrated that that score corresponded to game risk as expected. While the SHARP-G scale requires further validation, it provides significant promise for evaluating gaming experiences and products.
Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association between problematic mobile phone use and chronotype among Chinese young adults: Focus on gender differences
Authors: Li Tingting , Chen Yuming , Xie Yang , Tao Shuman , Zou Liwei , Yang Yajuan , Tao Fangbiao , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the rates of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and chronotypes in young adults, and examine the associations of PMPU with chronotypes, as well as its gender differences. Furthermore, we explored the moderating role of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the associations.MethodsFrom April to May 2019, a total of 1,179 young adults were selected from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) were adopted to investigate PMPU and chronotypes in young adults, respectively. Moreover, 744 blood samples were collected to measure PER3 gene DNA methylation. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to analyze the associations between PMPU and chronotypes. Moderating analysis was used to determine whether PER3 gene DNA methylation moderated the relationships between PMPU and chronotypes.ResultsThe prevalence of PMPU, morning chronotypes (M-types), neutral chronotypes (N-types), and evening chronotypes (E-types) of young adults were 24.6%, 18.4%, 71.1%, and 10.5%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that PMPU was positively correlated with E-types (OR = 3.53, 95%CI: 2.08–6.00), and the association was observed only in females after stratified by gender (OR = 5.36, 95%CI: 2.70–10.67). Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has a negative moderating role between PMPU and chronotypes and has a sex-based difference.ConclusionsThis study can provide valuable information for the prevention and control of circadian rhythm disturbance among young adults from the perspective of epidemiology and biological etiology.
Statistical optimization for comparative hydrolysis and fermentation for hemicellulosic ethanolgenesis
Authors: Chaudhary Asma , Aihetasham Ayesha , Younas Smavia , Basheer Nimra , Hussain Nageen , Naz Sumaira , Aziz Tariq , Albekairi Thamer H. 
Published: June 2024

The concept of ‘Energy from waste’ is one of the most focused areas of work to find a solution for controlling trash and combat energy crises. In Pakistan and other agricultural countries, because of their substantial use during the summer, watermelon peels as fruit waste are usually thrown out as a trash. This study supported the management of huge quantities of waste to value-added products at a commercial scale. The current study aims to select and subject xylanolytic and ethanologenic Bacillus cereus XG2 for water melon peels valorization appropriately with comparison of three hydrolysis techniques. The study will be helpful for selection of economical and environmentally beneficial valorization strategies. For ethanalogenesis, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) protocols with Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 and Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34 were used. For hydrolysis, three different saccharification approaches, viz. dilute sulfuric acid, enzymatic hydrolysis (using Bacillus cereus XG2 xylanases), and combined acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis, were adopted. Two statistical models, Placket-Burman (hydrolysis) and Central composite design (ethanologenesis) were used. In untreated watermelon waste (WW), reducing sugar, total lipids, total carbohydrates, and protein contents were calculated as 16.70±0.05 g/L, 3.20±0.02 g/L, 28.7±0.04 g/L, and 3.70±0.03 g/L, respectively. Similarly, the lignin (15.51±0.22%), hemicellulose (17.20±2.30%). and cellulose (52.26±0.33%) contents were also analyzed. Based on the significance of the Plackett–Burman model for enzymatic saccharification, the released reducing sugars as well as total sugars were 21.62±0.01 g/L and 43.30±1.55 g/L, respectively, and enzymatic hydrolyzate was adopted for further fermentation experiments. By CCD model, the highest ethanol yield calculated for yeast Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34 was 0.4±0.04 g/g of fermentable sugars at 32.5oC with 50% enzymatic hydrolysate of WW by incubating for 8 days. It was suggested that SHF could be a beneficial approach to increase the conversion of hemicellulose to fermentable sugars to produce bioethanol on a large scale.
Introduction to the Special Thematic Issue "Virtual Reality and Eye Tracking"
Authors: Hasler Béatrice , Groner Rudolf 
Published: June 2024

Technological advancements have made it possible to integrate eye tracking in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Many new VR/AR headsets already include eye tracking as a standard feature. While its application previously has been mostly limited to research, we now see installations of eye tracking into consumer level VR products in entertainment, training, and therapy.
The combination of eye tracking and VR creates new opportunities for end users, creators, and researchers alike: The high level of immersion – while shielded from visual distractions of the physical environment – leads to natural behavior inside the virtual environment. This enables researchers to study how humans perceive and interact with three-dimensional environments in experimentally controlled, ecologically valid settings. Simultaneously, eye tracking in VR poses new challenges to gaze analyses and requires the establishment of new tools and best practices in gaze interaction and psychological research from controlling influence factors, such as simulator sickness, to adaptations of algorithms in various situations.
This thematic special issue introduces and discusses novel applications, challenges and possibilities of eye tracking and gaze interaction in VR from an interdisciplinary perspective, including contributions from the fields of psychology, human-computer interaction, human factors, engineering, neuroscience, and education. It addresses a variety of issues and topics, such as practical guidelines for VR-based eye tracking technologies, exploring new research avenues, evaluation of gaze-based assessments, and training interventions.
Maturity Parameter of Carbonaceous and Coaly Matter Revealed through Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Naik A.S. , Kumar Govind , Singh Vishvajeet , Singh Prakash K. , Kumari Manju , Mohanty D. , Majhi R.K. , Upadhyay N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents the results of ten coal samples of sub- bituminous rank collected from working mines in Chhattisgarh, India, and subjected to proximate and ultimate analysis, organic petrology and Raman spectroscopic study to reveal their maturity parameters and structural characteristics of carbonaceous materials. Vitrinite reflectance measurement was also performed to understand the maturity parameter, with values ranging from 0.35% to 0.57%. The research is unique as it combines petrological, geochemical and spectroscopic technique on coals of Hasdeo basin. Conventional parametei; volatile matter ranges from 21.83 and 33.68% suggesting low maturity. The ash yield values range from 12.04 and 26.61%. Petrographically, the coals are vitrinite rich ranging from 53.95 to 63.47% while the inertinite group range from 17.9 to 29.2%. The liptinite concentration the samples remain below 10%. The maceral constitution of the coals indicates carbonaceous materials undergoing early diagenetic phase. The Raman results showed the presence of the D and G bands, two prominent spectral signatures, which are typical of natural materials rich in carbon. The Raman shift recorded for the D band ranges from 1348 to 1385 cm-1 and for the G band, the Raman shift was recorded between 1607 to 1616 cm-1. The ratio of the various parameters derived from the two bands aid to understand the material response to the changing physical and chemical variables in the geological setup. The intensity ratio of the ID/IG band ranged from 0.15 to 0.79 (average 0.50), while the (G-D1) parameter ranges from 225 to 260 indicating heterogeneity in the samples. However; the ratio of AD1/AG did not show any regularity, with values ranging from 0.07 to 1.85. The investigation elucidates that by integrating Raman spectroscopy analysis with vitrinite reflectance (VRo), we can discern distinctive structural attributes characteristic of immature kerogen. Furthermore, the petrological, proximate, and ultimate data collectively corroborate the carbonaceous, coaly material in its early stages of coalification.
Diffusion of 22Na, 137Cs, 133Ba, 152+154Eu and 131I in Argillaceous Clays of Cuddapah Supergroup, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Patel Madhuri A. , Chikkamath Santosh , Kar Aishwarya S. , Tomar B. S. , Bajpai R. K. , Saxena M. K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The safety assessment of Deep Geological Repository (DGR) for high level nuclear waste disposal requires the evaluation of transport and retardation parameters of radionuclides. Therefore, the apparent diffusion coefficient (Da) of Cs(I), Ba(II) and Eu(III) in argillaceous clay rock of Tadpatri Formations of Cuddapah Supergroup, one of the proposed host rock in the Indian geological repository, have been determined by instantaneous planar source method. Moreover, Da of Eu(III) in presence of sulphate and picolinate have also been deduced. Da of Cs(I), Ba(II) and Eu(III) shows trend, Da(Ba) &gt;Da(Cs) &gt; Da(Eu). In presence of complexing anions, Da of Eu(III) increases and follows the order, Da (Eu- picolinate) &gt;Da(Eu-sulphate) &gt;Da(Eu).
Discovery of Stenothyrid Gastropod from Deccan Intertrappean at Barga Village, Madhya Pradesh and its Palaeoenvironmental Significance
Authors: Paul Sharmistha , Gangopadhyay Tapas K. , Sikder Arif M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sedimentary rocks sandwiched between two successive lava flows in Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) are known as Deccan intertrappean rocks. Fossils of both plants and invertebrates of uppermost Cretaceous to lowermost Palaeocene are present in some of these intertrappean rocks like that in the village Barga. Among the invertebrate fossils, gastropods dominate and because of their benthic nature, they helped a lot to decipher the palaeoenvironment. Gastropod Stenothyra has not yet been reported from any of the Deccan intertrappean. The present work records the presence of the gastropod Stenothyra for the first time from Barga Deccan intertrappean. Its occurrence points to prevalence of brackish water riverine environment at that time in the study area.