bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating through caregiver singing during morning care situations in dementia care
Authors: Hammar Lena Marmstål , Emami Azita , Engström Gabriella , Götell Eva 
Published: June 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 160–168

Communicating through caregiver singing during morning care situations in dementia care It is well known that persons with dementia (PWD) have problems expressing and interpreting communication, making interaction with others difficult. Interaction between PWD and their caregivers is crucial, and several strategies have been investigated to facilitate communication during caregiving. Music therapeutic caregiving (MTC) – when caregivers sing for or together with PWD during caregiving activities – has been shown to enhance communication for PWD, evoking more vitality and positive emotions. The aim of this study was to describe how PWD and their caregivers express verbal and nonverbal communication and make eye contact during the care activity ‘getting dressed’, during morning care situations without and with MTC. Findings revealed that during the situations without MTC, the caregivers led the dressing procedure with verbal instructions and body movements and seldom invited the PWD to communicate or participate in getting dressed. Patterns in responses to caregivers’ instructions included both active and compliant responses and reactions that were resistant and aggressive, confused, and disruptive. In contrast to the ‘ordinary’ morning care situation, during MTC, the caregivers seemed interested in communicating with the PWD and solicited their mutual engagement. Although verbal communication consisted of singing about things other than getting dressed, e.g. dancing, love, sailing, God, the PWD mostly responded to caregivers in a composed manner, by being active, compliant, and relaxed, though some were also resistant or incongruent. The authors conclude that MTC could be a way for PWD and their caregivers to successfully interact and co‐operate during caring situations, as it seems to evoke enhanced communication for both partners in this context.
Serpentinization as a source of energy at the origin of life
Authors: RUSSELL M. J. , HALL A. J. , MARTIN W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor life to have emerged from CO2, rocks, and water on the early Earth, a sustained source of chemically transducible energy was essential. The serpentinization process is emerging as an increasingly likely source of that energy. Serpentinization of ultramafic crust would have continuously supplied hydrogen, methane, minor formate, and ammonia, as well as calcium and traces of acetate, molybdenum and tungsten, to off‐ridge alkaline hydrothermal springs that interfaced with the metal‐rich carbonic Hadean Ocean. Silica and bisulfide were also delivered to these springs where cherts and sulfides were intersected by the alkaline solutions. The proton and redox gradients so generated represent a rich source of naturally produced chemiosmotic energy, stemming from geochemistry that merely had to be tapped, rather than induced, by the earliest biochemical systems. Hydrothermal mounds accumulating at similar sites in today’s oceans offer conceptual and experimental models for the chemistry germane to the emergence of life, although the ubiquity of microbial communities at such sites in addition to our oxygenated atmosphere preclude an exact analogy.
Lifestyle impacts on the aging‐associated expression of biomarkers of DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in human blood
Authors: Song Zhangfa , Von Figura Guido , Liu Yan , Kraus Johann M. , Torrice Chad , Dillon Patric , Rudolph‐Watabe Masami , Ju Zhenyu , Kestler Hans A. , Sanoff Hanna , Lenhard Rudolph Karl 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCellular aging is characterized by telomere shortening, which can lead to uncapping of chromosome ends (telomere dysfunction) and activation of DNA damage responses. There is some evidence that DNA damage accumulates during human aging and that lifestyle factors contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage. Recent studies have identified a set of serum markers that are induced by telomere dysfunction and DNA damage, and these markers showed an increased expression in blood during human aging. Here, we investigated the influence of lifestyle factors (such as exercise, smoking, body mass) on the aging‐associated expression of serum markers of DNA damage (CRAMP, EF‐1α, stathmin, n‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase and chitinase) in comparison with other described markers of cellular aging (p16INK4a upregulation and telomere shortening) in human peripheral blood. The study shows that lifestyle factors have an age‐independent impact on the expression level of biomarkers of DNA damage. Smoking and increased body mass indices were associated with elevated levels of biomarkers of DNA damage independent of the age of the individuals. In contrast, exercise was associated with an age‐independent reduction in the expression of biomarkers of DNA damage in human blood. The expression of biomarkers of DNA damage correlated positively with p16INK4a expression and negatively with telomere length in peripheral blood T‐lymphocytes. Together, these data provide experimental evidence that both aging and lifestyle impact on the accumulation of DNA damage during human aging.
Reduction in glutamate uptake is associated with extrasynaptic NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptor activation at the hippocampal CA1 synapse of aged rats
Authors: Potier Brigitte , Billard Jean‐Marie , Rivière Sylvain , Sinet Pierre‐Marie , Denis Isabelle , Champeil‐Potokar Gaelle , Grintal Barbara , Jouvenceau Anne , Kollen Melanie , Dutar Patrick 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThis study aims to determine whether the regulation of extracellular glutamate is altered during aging and its possible consequences on synaptic transmission and plasticity. A decrease in the expression of the glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT‐1 and reduced glutamate uptake occur in the aged (24–27 months) Sprague–Dawley rat hippocampus. Glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded extracellularly in ex vivo hippocampal slices from adult (3–5 months) and aged rats are depressed by DL‐TBOA, an inhibitor of glutamate transporter activity, in an N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate (NMDA)‐receptor‐dependent manner. In aged but not in young rats, part of the depressing effect of DL‐TBOA also involves metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRs) activation as it is significantly reduced by the specific mGluR antagonist d‐methyl‐4‐carboxy‐phenylglycine (MCPG). The paired‐pulse facilitation ratio, a functional index of glutamate release, is reduced by MCPG in aged slices to a level comparable to that in young rats both under control conditions and after being enhanced by DL‐TBOA. These results suggest that the age‐associated glutamate uptake deficiency favors presynaptic mGluR activation that lowers glutamate release. In parallel, 2 Hz‐induced long‐term depression is significantly decreased in aged animals and is fully restored by MCPG. All these data indicate a facilitated activation of extrasynaptic NMDAR and mGluRs in aged rats, possibly because of an altered distribution of glutamate in the extrasynaptic space. This in turn affects synaptic transmission and plasticity within the aged hippocampal CA1 network.
Reversal of aging‐associated hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits by reductants via regulation of thiol redox and NMDA receptor function
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Jian , Wu Peng‐Fei , Long Li‐Hong , Yu Dan‐Fang , Wu Wen‐Ning , Hu Zhuang‐Li , Fu Hui , Xie Na , Jin You , Ni Lan , Wang Jian‐Zhi , Wang Fang , Chen Jian‐Guo 
Published: June 2010

SummaryDeficits in learning and memory accompanied by age‐related neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to the impairment of synaptic plasticity. In this study, we investigated the role of thiol redox status in the modulation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 areas of hippocampal slices. Our results demonstrated that the impaired LTP induced by aging could be reversed by acute administration of reductants that can regulate thiol redox status directly, such as dithiothreitol or β‐mercaptoethanol, but not by classical anti‐oxidants such as vitamin C or trolox. This repair was mediated by the recruitment of aging‐related deficits in NMDAR function induced by these reductants and was mimicked by glutathione, which can restore the age‐associated alterations in endogenous thiol redox status. Moreover, antioxidant prevented but failed to reverse H2O2‐induced impairment of NMDAR‐mediated synaptic plasticity. These results indicate that the restoring of thiol redox status may be a more effective strategy than the scavenging of oxidants in the treatment of pre‐existing oxidative injury in learning and memory.
Sirt1’s beneficial roles in neurodegenerative diseases – a chaperonin containing TCP‐1 (CCT) connection?
Authors: Gan Bin Qi , Tang Bor Luen 
Published: June 2010

SummarySir2/Sirt1 and its orthologues are known lifespan extension factors in several aging models from yeast to invertebrates. Sirt1 activation is also known to be beneficial and protective in both invertebrate and mammalian models of neurodegenerative disease. Sirt1’s lifespan extension effect, as well as the beneficial outcome of its activation in models of aging‐associated diseases, is often attributed to its ability to instill a gene expression profile that is pro‐survival and anti‐aging. A recent report from Nyström and colleagues showed that the yeast Sir2p affects the function of the polarisome in segregation and retrograde transport of damaged and aggregated proteins from the bud to the mother cell, thereby ensuring the generation of a ‘rejuvenated’ daughter cell. Interestingly, the role of Sir2p in this case involves deacetylation and activation of cytoplasmic chaperonin containing TCP‐1 (CCT, or TriC), thereby enhancing actin folding and polymerization. In view of a previously documented role of CCT in modulating polyglutamine‐containing protein aggregation and toxicity, we hypothesized that CCT deacetylation may also underlie Sirt1’s beneficial effects in several neurodegenerative diseases precipitated by toxic aggregates. Other than alterations in gene expression profile, another major way whereby Sirt1 activation may counter neural aging could be to promote neuronal survival via prevention of toxic aggregate formation through CCT.
Increased Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Chronic Headache: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Sancisi Elisa , Cevoli Sabina , Vignatelli Luca , Nicodemo Marianna , Pierangeli Giulia , Zanigni Stefano , Grimaldi Daniela , Cortelli Pietro , Montagna Pasquale 
Published: June 2010

Objectives.— The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders in chronic headache patients and to evaluate the role of psychiatric comorbidity in the association between chronic headache and sleep complaints.Background.— The prevalence of sleep disorders in chronic headache has been seldom investigated, although from the earliest description chronic headache has been associated with sleep disturbances. On the contrary, mood disorders are commonly associated with both sleep disturbances and chronic headache – each of which are, in turn, core features of mood disorders. Therefore, it may be important to discriminate between sleep problems that can be attributed to a comorbid psychiatric disorder, and those specifically associated with headache. Only a few studies investigating the association of chronic headache with sleep difficulties have also taken into account to consider the possible role of anxiety and depression.Patients and Methods.— A total of 105 consecutive patients with daily or nearly daily headache and 102 patients with episodic headache, matched by age, sex, and type of headache at onset, underwent a structured direct interview about their sleep habits and psychiatric diseases.Results.— In total, 80 out of 105 patients with chronic headache received a diagnosis of medication overuse headache, 21 patients were classified as chronic migraine and 4 as chronic tension‐type headache without drug overuse.Patients.— Patients with chronic headache showed a high prevalence of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring with respect to controls (67.7% vs 39.2%, 36.2% vs 23.5%, and 48.6% vs 37.2%, respectively). Forty‐five patients with chronic headache (42.9%) had psychiatric comorbidity (anxiety and/or depressive disorders), vs 27 episodic headache patients (26.5%). Multivariate analysis disclosed that low educational level, lower mean age at headache onset, and insomnia are independently associated with chronic headache.Conclusions.— Patients with chronic headache had a high prevalence of sleep complaints. Insomnia may thus represent an independent risk factor for headache chronification. Recognition of sleep disorders, alone or in association with depression or anxiety, may be useful in episodic headache patients to prevent chronification.
Efficacy of individual nucleic acid amplification testing in reducing the risk of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus infection in Switzerland, a low‐endemic region
Authors: Stolz Martin , Tinguely Caroline , Graziani Mauro , Fontana Stefano , Gowland Peter , Buser Andreas , Michel Martine , Canellini Giorgia , Züger Max , Schumacher Philippe , Lelie Nico , Niederhauser Christoph 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: The risk of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Switzerland by testing blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone has been historically estimated at 1:160,000 transfusions. The Swiss health authorities decided not to introduce mandatory antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) testing but to evaluate the investigation of HBV nucleic acid testing (NAT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between June 2007 and February 2009, a total of 306,000 donations were screened routinely for HBsAg and HBV DNA by triplex individual‐donation (ID)‐NAT (Ultrio assay on Tigris system, Gen‐Probe/Novartis Diagnostics). ID‐NAT repeatedly reactive donors were further characterized for HBV serologic markers and viral load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relative sensitivity of screening for HBsAg, anti‐HBc, and HBV DNA was assessed. The residual HBV transmission risk of NAT with or without anti‐HBc and HBsAg was retrospectively estimated in a mathematical model.RESULTS: From the 306,000 blood donations, 31 were repeatedly Ultrio test reactive and confirmed HBV infected, of which 24 (77%) and 27 (87%) were HBsAg and anti‐HBc positive, respectively. Seven HBV‐NAT yields were identified (1:44,000), two pre‐HBsAg window period (WP) donations (1:153,000) and five occult HBV infections (1:61,000). Introduction of ID‐NAT reduced the risk of HBV WP transmission in repeat donors from 1:95,000 to 1:296,000.CONCLUSIONS: Triplex NAT screening reduced the HBV WP transmission risk approximately threefold. NAT alone was more efficacious than the combined use of HBsAg and anti‐HBc. The data from this study led to the decision to introduce sensitive HBV‐NAT screening in Switzerland. Our findings may be useful in designing more efficient and cost‐effective HBV screening strategies in low‐prevalence countries.
Tumour hypoxia induces a metabolic shift causing acidosis: a common feature in cancer
Authors: Chiche Johanna , Brahimi‐Horn M. Christiane , Pouysségur Jacques 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Intracellular pH regulation controls energy balance and cell proliferation: chemical and biological proof of principle
Oncogene activation and transformation cause acidosis
Hypoxia promotes acidosis by shifting from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolytic metabolism
Hypoxia enhances the expression and activity of pHi‐regulating systems to promote cell survival and invasion
Strategies taking advantage of changes in the oxygen level, energy balance and pH homeostasis to target primary tumours and metastases
Conclusion

Maintenance of cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental to life. A number of key intracellular pH (pHi) regulating systems including the Na+/H+ exchangers, the proton pump, the monocarboxylate transporters, the HCO3− transporters and exchangers and the membrane‐associated and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases cooperate in maintaining a pHi that is permissive for cell survival. A common feature of tumours is acidosis caused by hypoxia (low oxygen tension). In addition to oncogene activation and transformation, hypoxia is responsible for inducing acidosis through a shift in cellular metabolism that generates a high acid load in the tumour microenvironment. However, hypoxia and oncogene activation also allow cells to adapt to the potentially toxic effects of an excess in acidosis. Hypoxia does so by inducing the activity of a transcription factor the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), and particularly HIF‐1, that in turn enhances the expression of a number of pHi‐regulating systems that cope with acidosis. In this review, we will focus on the characterization and function of some of the hypoxia‐inducible pH‐regulating systems and their induction by hypoxic stress. It is essential to understand the fundamentals of pH regulation to meet the challenge consisting in targeting tumour metabolism and acidosis as an anti‐tumour approach. We will summarize strategies that take advantage of intracellular and extracellular pH regulation to target the primary tumour and metastatic growth, and to turn around resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
STIM proteins: integrators of signalling pathways in development, differentiation and disease
Authors: Johnstone Lorna S. , Graham Sarah J. L. , Dziadek Marie A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Part I: STIM proteins
Part II: STIM proteins and the regulation of cell physiology and pathology
Part III: invertebrate animal models of STIM deficiency
Part IV: conclusions and future perspectives

The stromal interaction molecules STIM1 and STIM2 are endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensors, serving to detect changes in receptor‐mediated ER Ca2+ store depletion and to relay this information to plasma membrane localized proteins, including the store‐operated Ca2+ channels of the ORAI family. The resulting Ca2+ influx sustains the high cytosolic Ca2+ levels required for activation of many intracellular signal transducers such as the NFAT family of transcription factors. Models of STIM protein deficiency in mice, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, in addition to the phenotype of patients bearing mutations in STIM1 have provided great insight into the role of these proteins in cell physiology and pathology. It is now becoming clear that STIM1 and STIM2 are critical for the development and functioning of many cell types, including lymphocytes, skeletal and smooth muscle myoblasts, adipocytes and neurons, and can interact with a variety of signalling proteins and pathways in a cell‐ and tissue‐type specific manner. This review focuses on the role of STIM proteins in development, differentiation and disease, in particular highlighting the functional differences between STIM1 and STIM2.
Association between periodontal condition and use of tongue piercing: a case–control study
Authors: Pires Ivana Lucia Oliveira , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Oliveira Ana Cristina Borges , Costa José Eustaquio , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: June 2010

Pires ILO, Cota LOM, Oliveira ACB, Costa JE, Costa FO. Association between periodontal condition and use of tongue piercing: a case–control study. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 712‐718 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01584.x.AbstractObjective: This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status and risk factors for gingival recession in individuals with tongue piercings.Methods: Sixty cases (individuals with tongue piercings) and 120 controls (non‐users) in Brazil, between 13 and 28 years of age, from both genders and a mix of races were selected. The clinical evaluation of patient oral health records included periodontal parameters and the presence of tooth fracture. Cases and controls were compared with demographic, behavioural and clinical variables of interest. Risk variables for the occurrence of gingival recession were identified in multivariate regression models, with linear and logistic regressions.Results: The case group presented a higher prevalence and severity of gingival recession when compared with the control group. Individuals with tongue piercings presented an 11 times greater chance for the occurrence of gingival recession in the anterior lingual mandibular region as compared with controls (OR=11.0, 95% CI 5.02–24.09). The presence of gingival recession in the anterior lingual mandibular region was associated with the use of piercings, age, male gender and bleeding on probing.Conclusions: The use of tongue piercings was strongly associated with the occurrence of gingival recession in the anterior lingual mandibular region.
Injections of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Stem Cell Lysate Improve Recovery of Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Albersen Maarten , Fandel Thomas M. , Lin Guiting , Wang Guifang , Banie Lia , Lin Ching-Shwun , Lue Tom F. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) remains a major complication after radical prostatectomy. The use of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has shown promising results for the treatment of ED. However, the mechanisms of action for stem cell therapy remain controversial, with increasing evidence pointing to paracrine pathways.

Aim
To determine the effects and to identify the mechanism of action of ADSC and ADSC-derived lysate in a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury.

Methods
Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: one group underwent sham operation, while three groups underwent bilateral CN crush. Crush-injury groups were treated at the time of injury with intracavernous injection of ADSC, lysate, or vehicle only (injured controls). Erectile function was assessed by CN electrostimulation at 4 weeks. Penile tissue was collected for histology.

Main Outcome Measures
Intracavernous pressure increase upon CN stimulation; neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) content in the dorsal penile nerve; smooth muscle content, collagen content, and number of apoptotic cells in the corpus cavernosum.

Results
Both ADSC and lysate treatments resulted in significant recovery of erectile function, as compared with vehicle treatment. nNOS content was preserved in both the ADSC and lysate group, with significantly higher expression compared with vehicle-treated animals. There was significantly less fibrosis and a significant preservation of smooth muscle content in the ADSC and lysate groups compared with injured controls. The observed functional improvement after lysate injection supports the hypothesis that ADSCs act through release of intracellular preformed substances or by active secretion of certain biomolecules. The underlying mechanism of recovery appears to involve neuron preservation and cytoprotection by inhibition of apoptosis.

Conclusions
Penile injection of both ADSC and ADSC-derived lysate can improve recovery of erectile function in a rat model of neurogenic ED.
HLA alleles and fissured tongue
Authors: Kalifatidis A. , Albanidou‐Farmaki E. , Daniilidis M. , Markopoulos A. K. , Karyotis N. , Antoniades D. Z. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the linkage between HLA and fissured tongue. Sixty‐ nine individuals with fissured tongue and 125 healthy volunteers were typed for HLA‐DRB1*. The results showed increased frequency of HLA‐DRB1*08 (P < 0.001), HLA‐DRB1*14 (P < 0.01), HLA‐DRB1*11 (P < 0.05) and HLA‐DRB1*16 (P < 0.05), while HLA‐DRB1*03 and HLA‐DRB1*07 frequency was decreased (P < 0.05).