bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Croissance et formation : le rôle de la politique éducative
Authors: Caroli Eve 
Published: July 2011

Wachstum und Ausbildung: die Rolle der Bildungspolitik,
von Eve Caroli.

In diesem Artikel wird ein erster Ansatz zur Erklärung der Beziehung zwischen Wachstum und Bildungspolitik vorgeschlagen. Zu diesem Zweck erweitern wir das von R. Lucas 1988 erstellte Modell, das einen der ersten Versuche zur Endogenisierang des Humankapitals in einem Wachstumsmodell darstellte. Unserer Hypothèse zufolge ist die Produktivität der Durchschnittszeit, die pro Individuum für die Ausbildung aufgebracht wird, hinsichtlich der Wachstumsrate des Humankapitals nicht von den Merkmalen des Bildungssystems unabhängig. Wir vermuten, daß es sich um eine steigende, aber saturierende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate handelt, die hier die exogène Variable der Bildungspolitik darstellt. Dementsprechend berücksichtigt der Ausdruck der Produktionsfunktion die Tatsache, daß die Ausbilder gerade Erwerbstätige sind, die die Zahl der im Sektor der Endproduktion Beschäftigten entsprechend mindern. Die Auflösung des Modells veranschaulicht, daß entlang des Pfads eines gleichgewichtigen Wachstums die Wachstumsrate der Wirtschaft eine steigende und danach abnehmende Funktion der Ausbildungsrate darstellt. Dies bedeutet, daß sich die Zunahme der Ausbildungsrate bei Überschreitung einer bestimmten Schwelle auf das Wachstum kontraproduktiv auswirkt. Folglich gibt es eine optimale Ausbildungspolitik. Diese variiert zudem je nach der Effizienz der Ausbilder, so daß man zu dem Schluß gelangt, daß die maximale Wachstumsrate, die die Wirtschaft erreichen kann, um so niedriger ist, je geringer die Qualität des Ausbildungspersonals ist bzw. je schlechter die Unterrichtsbedingungen sind.
Towards Small‐Scale Continuous Chemical Production: Technology Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Pashkova Aneta , Greiner Lasse 
Published: July 2011

AbstractContinuous processes are highly attractive and their advantages are textbook knowledge. However, for small‐scale chemical production (typically up to 100 t per year) batch processes are the predominant application. Why this is the case and what factors dominate the decision is analyzed. Apart from technological reasons, socioeconomic, as well as human factors have to be accounted for.
Processing Polymeric Biomaterials using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Knez Željko , Markočič Elena , Novak Zoran , Hrnčič Maša Knez 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe traditional methods for polymer processing involve either high temperatures, necessary for melting or viscosity reduction, or hazardous organic solvents and chlorofluorocarbons. Due to the undesirable environmental and biological impact of these solvents, intensive research is focused on seeking new and cleaner methods for the processing of polymers. The potential of supercritical (SC) CO2 as solvent or plasticizer for the processing of polymeric materials is reviewed in this study. The results suggest that SC CO2 due to its excellent properties, good solubility and plasticizing effect in polymers can be successfully used in processing biomaterials.
Ionic Liquids in Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Strehmel Veronika 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIonische Flüssigkeiten werden als neue Lösungsmittel für die Synthese und Modifizierung von Polymeren diskutiert. Radikalische, ionische, komplex koordinative und enzymatische Polymerisationen, Ringöffnungs‐ und Gruppentransferpolymerisationen sowie Polykondensationen sind bisher in ionischen Flüssigkeiten erfolgreich durchgeführt worden. Polymeranaloge Reaktionen an natürlichen bzw. synthetischen Polymeren in ionischen Flüssigkeiten führen zu Variationen der Struktur und damit der Eigenschaften dieser Polymere. Ionische Flüssigkeiten mit polymerisierbaren funktionellen Gruppen sind interessante Monomere für die Herstellung neuer polymerer Materialien, deren potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete sich von Batterien über Materialien zur Lösung analytischer Trennprobleme bis hin zu Überzügen mit antimikrobieller Wirkung erstrecken.
Two Germanide Hydride Phases Grown in Calcium‐Rich Flux: Use of Interstitial Elements for Discovery of New Phases
Authors: Lang David A. , Latturner Susan E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReactions of germanium in calcium/lithium flux yield crystals of new complex hydrides, with hydrogen incorporated either inadvertently due to traces of hydride contaminants in the flux metals, or deliberately by the addition of CaH2 as a reactant. The new germanide hydride Zintl phase LiCa7Ge3H3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma [a = 9.8599(2) Å, b = 13.7716(3) Å, c = 8.7430(2) Å; Z = 4; R1 = 0.0195]. The structure features isolated Ge4– anions surrounded by calcium ions, and hydride anions in octahedral sites defined by Ca and Li ions. Another product thatappears in these reactions was found to form from incorporation of both oxide and hydride impurities. This phase,LiCa11Ge3OHx (x ≈ 4) forms in the tetragonal space group P42/nmc [a = 15.832(2) Å, c = 13.694(2) Å; Z = 8; R1 = 0.0350]. In addition to isolated Ge4– and octahedral H– anions, the structure also features incorporation of oxide anions in octahedral sites.
Linear stability of WENO schemes coupled with explicit Runge–Kutta schemes
Authors: Hermes V. , Klioutchnikov I. , Olivier H. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on the results of the linear stability analysis of the finite‐difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes with optimal weights. The standard WENO schemes between the third and 11th order, the order‐optimised WENO schemes of the sixth and eighth order and the bandwidth‐optimised WENO schemes of the third and fourth order are considered. Several explicit Runge–Kutta schemes including the recently published strong stability‐preserving explicit Runge–Kutta schemes are considered for time discretisation. The stability limits as well as dissipation and dispersion properties dependent on the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number are presented for a hyperbolic model equation. The different combinations of space and time discretisation schemes are compared in terms of their accuracy and efficiency. For a parabolic model equation, the viscous term is discretised with high‐order central differences. The stability limits for the parabolic problem are presented as well. Numerical results of linear test cases are shown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indication for relumpectomy—a useful scoring system in cases of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Halevy Ariel , Lavy Ron , Pappo Itzhak , Davidson Tima , Gold‐Deutch Ruth , Jeroukhimov Igor , Shapira Zahar , Wassermann Ilan , Sandbank Judith , Chikman Bar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn two‐thirds of breast cancer patients undergoing reoperation no residual tumor will be found. A scoring system for selection of patients who might benefit from relumpectomy is proposed.MethodsThis study is based on 293 patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing reoperation due to margins of <2 mm. Eighteen parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression.ResultsUnivariate analysis identified nine parameters associated with a residual invasive tumor: surgical margins; lobular histological type; grade 3; multifocality; positive lymph modes; non‐fine needle localization (FNL) versus FNL lumpectomy; vascular/lymphatic invasion; age <50 years; and tumor size ≥3 cm. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression study identified six out of nine parameters associated with a higher probability of finding a residual invasive tumor: margins <1 mm, multifocality, tumor size ≥3 cm, positive lymph nodes, age <50 years, and lumpectomy without previous FNL. Odds of these factors were used for scoring.ConclusionsFor patients with surgical margins <2 mm and a score of <4, the probability of finding a residual invasive tumor is 0%, while the probability of finding a microfocus of <2 mm of invasive carcinoma is 3.2% and of finding residual DCIS is up to 10%. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:376–380. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine central neck dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shan Cheng‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Dao‐Zhen , Zheng Xiang‐Min , Liu Sheng , Qiu Ming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:The role of central neck dissection (CND) remains controversial in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Study Design:Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods:A systematic review and meta‐analysis focusing on surgical morbidities and locoregional recurrence after total thyroidectomy (TT) with CND versus TT alone was performed.Results:Sixteen trials were analyzed. There was no increased risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (temporary or permanent), permanent hypocalcemia, or locoregional recurrence when CND was performed in addition to TT. Postoperative temporary hypocalcemia was more common after TT with CND than after TT alone.Conclusions:TT alone results in less surgical morbidity in the immediate postoperative period and an identical locoregional recurrence rate compared with TT plus CND. Laryngoscope, 2012
Synthesis of electromagnetic band gap structures using stepped impedance resonators
Authors: Sankaran Nithya , Swaminathan Madhavan , Tummala Rao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn approach to synthesize electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures which offer isolation in the desired frequency band is proposed. The methodology treats EBGs as stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) and predicts the fundamental band gap of EBGs from the resonance condition of SIRs. The methodology is validated through simulations and measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2378–2382, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26249
Novel high‐gain coupled microstrip line‐fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with low profile
Authors: Jiang Chao , Yang Xue‐Xia , Cao Sai‐Xiong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel high‐gain circularly polarized microstrip antenna fed by a coupled microstrip line (CMS) is presented. The circularly polarized radiation is excited by a pair of side‐concave patches. Two identical patches are combined and fed by CMS. The simulated maximum gain is 9.5 dB and minimum axial ratio (AR) is 0.3 dB both at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz. A 180° phase shifter balun is designed to measure the antenna. Simulation and experiment results have good agreement. The measured bandwidth of return loss below −10 dB is 160 MHz. The maximum gain and minimum AR is 9.7 and 1.0 dB, respectively. The bandwidth of AR less than 3 dB is about 80 MHz. This antenna is characterized by low profile and high gain. It can be used as the receiving antenna in microwave power transmission and other communication systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2340–2343, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26255
Low‐profile frequency agile directive antenna based on an active metasurface
Authors: Burokur Shah Nawaz , Daniel Jean‐Pierre , Ratajczak Philippe , de Lustrac André 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe modeling and characterization of a broadband frequency agile metamaterial‐based cavity antenna around 2 GHz is reported in this article.An electronically active metasurface composed of simultaneously a capacitive and an inductive grid is used as a partially reflecting surface (PRS), and the cavity is excited by an array of four wideband L‐strip fed printed microstrip patch antennas. The incorporation of variable capacitance in the metasurface helps to tune the resonance frequency and the phase characteristics. Measurements performed on a fabricated prototype present a reconfigurable resonance frequency between 1.9 and 2.31 GHz and a directivity of 18 dBi for a low profile cavity thickness of λ/10 at 2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2291–2295, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26290
Analysis of coupling between digital signal on FPCB and mobile handset antenna
Authors: Kim Joonchul , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDigital harmonics, which may reduce the radio frequency (RF) sensitivity of a system, can be coupled with an antenna in a mobile handset. Especially, the digital signals which flows a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) can be coupled with an antenna and which seriously degrade the system sensitivity. This article explores the coupling mechanisms of digital harmonics on an FPCB with an antenna in terms of the characteristic mode current and the concept of reaction. The signal and ground lines in an FPCB are modeled as a loop path exciting a characteristic mode current, and the mechanisms of the coupling between the digital signal and the antenna port are analyzed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2318–2321, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26292
Parturition events and risk of urinary incontinence in later life
Authors: Thom David H. , Brown Jeanette S. , Schembri Michael , Ragins Arona I. , Creasman Jennifer M. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between specific events during vaginal deliveries and urinary incontinence later in life.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1,521 middle‐aged and older women with at least one vaginal delivery who were long‐term members of an integrated health delivery system. Age, race/ethnicity, current incontinence status, medical, surgical history, pregnancy and parturition history, menopausal status, hormone replacement, health habits, and general health were obtained by questionnaire. Labor and delivery records, archived since 1948, were abstracted by professional medical record abstractors to obtain parturition events including induction, length of labor stages, type of anesthesia, episiotomy, instrumental delivery, and birth weight. The primary dependent variable was current weekly urinary incontinence (once per week or more often) versus urinary incontinence less than monthly (including no incontinence) in past 12 months. Associations of parturition events and later incontinence were assessed in multivariate analysis with logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 56 years. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, weekly urinary incontinence significantly associated with age at first birth (P = 0.036), greatest birth weight (P = 0.005), and ever having been induced for labor (OR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.06–2.16, P = 0.02). Risk of incontinence increased from OR = 1.35 (95%CI = 0.92–1.97, P = 0.12) for women with one induction to OR = 2.67 (95%CI = 1.25–5.71, P = 0.01) for women with two or more inductions (P = 0.01 for trend). No other parturition factors were associated with incontinence.ConclusionsYounger age at first birth, greatest birth weight, and induction of labor were associated with an increased risk of incontinence in later life. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1456–1461, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which treatments do children with newly diagnosed non‐organic urinary incontinence receive? An analysis of 3,188 outpatient cases from Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Steuber Christian , Günther Judith , Glaeske Gerd , Bachmann Christian J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAimsObjectives of this study were to examine the administrative incidence of urinary incontinence in children and to assess related outpatient health services utilization in this cohort.MethodsData of a statutory health insurance company were analyzed and outpatients from 1 to 18 years of age with a first recorded ICD‐10 code for non‐organic urinary incontinence during a 1‐year‐period (2007) were identified. For this cohort, the prescription of desmopressin, antispasmodics, non‐selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, alarm devices, and incontinence pads in the quarter of the first diagnosis and in the following one (i.e., 6 months) was evaluated with respect to age and gender.Results3,188 patients (59.4% male; mean age 6.8 years) matched the inclusion criteria, of whom 25.4% were under 5 years old. 7.9% were prescribed desmopressin, 7.4% received urinary antispasmodics, and 7.0% were treated with alarm devices. For 77.9% of patients, no specific incontinence‐related treatments were prescribed. We found considerable differences in treatment patterns between age groups, with patients ≥7 years receiving desmopressin more frequently than alarm devices. Regarding gender differences, the proportion of males treated with alarm devices (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.11–1.92) and at least one specific treatment (PR 1.19; 95%CI 1.04–1.35) remained statistically significantly higher, even after adjusting for age.ConclusionsIn our study, we found evidence that treatment modalities only partly comply with the current guidelines for treatment of children and adolescents with non‐organic urinary incontinence. Therefore, the dissemination of current guidelines remains a major educational goal. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:93–98, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A2thOS: availability analysis and optimisation in SLAs
Authors: Zambon Emmanuele , Etalle Sandro , Wieringa Roel J. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYInformation technology (IT) service availability is at the core of customer satisfaction and business success for today's organisations. Many medium‐ to large‐size organisations outsource part of their IT services to external providers, with service‐level agreements describing the agreed availability of outsourced service components. Availability management of partially outsourced IT services is a non‐trivial task since classic approaches for calculating availability are not applicable, and IT managers can only rely on their expertise to fulfil it. This often leads to the adoption of non‐optimal solutions. In this paper we present A2thOS, a framework to calculate the availability of partially outsourced IT services in the presence of SLAs and to achieve a cost‐optimal choice of availability levels for outsourced IT components while guaranteeing a target availability level for the service. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N,N′‐Bis(Salicylidene)‐1,2‐Cyclohexanediamine Lanthanide(III) Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Wang Gui‐Ling , Tian Yong‐Mei , Sun Wen‐Bin , Han Bing‐Lu , Yu Mang‐Fei , Xu Hui , Gao Ting 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe salen‐type ligand H2L [H2L = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine] was utilized for the synthesis of two lanthanide(III) coordination polymers [LnH2L(NO3)3MeOH]n [Ln = Eu (1) and Ln = Lu (2)]. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of 1 and 2 revealed that they are isomorphous and exhibit one‐dimension neutral structure, in which H2L effectively functions as a bridging ligand and give rise to a chain‐like polymer. The luminescent properties of polymers in solid state and in solution were investigated and 1 exhibits typical red luminescence of EuIII ions in solid state and dichloromethane solution and 2 emits the ligand‐centered blue luminescence. The energy transfer mechanisms in these luminescent lanthanide polymers were described through calculation of the lowest triplet level of ligand H2L.
Sequence variability in three mitochondrial DNA regions ofSpirometra erinaceieuropaeispargana of human and animal health significance
Authors: Liu W. , Liu G.H. , Li F. , He D.S. , Wang T. , Sheng X.F. , Zeng D.L. , Yang F.F. , Liu Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSequence variability in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochromecoxidase subunit 3 (cox3), NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 andnad4) inSpirometra erinaceieuropaeispargana from different geographical regions in China was examined. A portion of each of thecox3 (pcox3),nad1 (pnad1) andnad4 genes (pnad4) were amplified separately from individualS. erinaceieuropaeispargana by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Representative amplicons were subjected to sequencing in order to estimate sequence variability. The sequences of pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4 were 541, 607 and 847 bp in length, respectively. The A+T contents of the sequences were 68.39–68.76% (pcox3), 63.76–64.91% (pnad1) and 67.18–67.77% (pnad4), respectively, while the intra-specific sequence variations within each of theS. erinaceieuropaeispargana were 0–1.5% for pcox3, 0–2.8% for pnad1 and 0–2.7% for pnad4. Phylogenetic analysis using neighbour joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, indicated that all the spargana isolates in Hunan Province representedS. erinaceieuropaei. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mtDNA sequences for population genetics studies ofS. erinaceieuropaeispargana of human and animal health significance.
Purchase rates and energy content of nutritionally promoted and traditional fast foods purchased at lunchtime in Australia – a pilot study
Authors: Atkinson Louise F , Palmer Michelle A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveNutritionally promoted foods are now available at fast-food establishments. Little is known about their popularity, who is purchasing them, or their impact on dietary intake. Our study aimed to determine: how often nutritionally promoted fast foods were purchased; the demographic characteristics of people purchasing these foods; and if purchasing these foods resulted in reduced energy, and increased vegetable, content of lunches compared with those who purchased traditional fast foods.DesignA survey collecting lunchtime fast-food purchases and demographic details was administered over two months. Nutritionally promoted products included the McDonalds’ ‘Heart Foundation Tick Approved’ range and Subway's ‘Six grams of fat or less’ range. Energy and vegetable contents were estimated using information from fast-food companies’ websites. Differences in demographics, energy and vegetable contents between individuals purchasing nutritionally promoted and traditional lunches were assessed usingχ2andttests.SettingQueensland, Australia.SubjectsLunchtime diners aged over 16 years at Subway and McDonalds.ResultsSurveys were collected from 927 respondents (58 % male, median age 25 (range 16–84) years; 73 % response rate). Only 3 % (n24/910) of respondents who ordered a main option had purchased a nutritionally promoted item. Purchasers of nutritionally promoted foods were ∼13 years older, predominantly female (79 %), and more often reported involvement in a health-related profession (29 %v. 11 %) than purchasers of traditional foods (P< 0·05). Purchasers of nutritionally promoted foods ordered 1·5 fewer megajoules and 0·6 more vegetable servings than purchasers of traditional foods (P< 0·05).ConclusionsNutritionally promoted fast foods may reduce lunchtime energy content, however these foods were infrequently chosen.