bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously Occurring micronuclei in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast: A potential biomarker for aggressive phenotype detection?
Authors: Goel Shubham , Bhatia Alka , Dey Pranab 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChromosomal instabilities (CIN) manifesting as structural or numerical alterations in the chromosomes are common in malignancies like breast cancer. Assessment of CIN in breast cancer may help to understand its etiopathogenesis. Micronucleus (MN) scoring and aneuploidy have been used to assess the presence of CIN in lymphocytes of various malignancies in the past. In this study, spontaneously occurring MN were counted in epithelial cells on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from 50 patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Further, the ploidy status and S‐phase fraction (SPF) of the samples was determined by flow cytometry. All these were then correlated with grades of breast cancer at cytology. Most IDC cases showed variable number of MN (n = 16, MN mean = 9.3), in contrast to the benign lesions (n = 26) where they were consistently absent. Aneuploidy and SPF analysis also showed a significant difference between benign (n = 10, mean DNA index [DI] = 0.96 ± 0.04, mean SPF= 8.07% ± 2.93) and malignant (n = 10, mean DI = 1.5 ± 0.41, mean SPF = 25.05% ± 10.35) lesions. On statistical analysis, a positive correlation was observed between the grades of IDC and presence of aneuploidy and high SPF (P‐values < 0.05); however, the difference between the MN scores of grade 2 and 3 cancers was not significant. The study suggests that MN scoring and aneuploidy may be used to assess the presence of underlying CIN in IDC on FNAC smears. Further, collectively they may be explored for their role as biomarkers for predicting the tumor behavior in the breast cancer patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:296–302. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Very Rare Double μ‐1,1‐Azido‐ and a μ‐1,1‐(OMe)‐Bridged FeIII Dimer Containing a N,N,O‐Donor Tridentate Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Naiya Subrata , Drew Michael G. B. , Diaz Carmen , Ribas Joan , Ghosh Ashutosh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo new FeIII complexes, [Fe2L2(μ‐OMe)2(NCS)2] (1) and [Fe2L2(μ‐N3)2(N3)2] (2), have been synthesized using a N,N,O‐donor tridentate Schiff base ligand HL {2‐[(2‐dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol}, the condensation product of salicylaldehyde and N,N‐dimethyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray structural analyses and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Both crystal structures are centrosymmetric dimers containing two FeIII atoms, which are bridged in compound 1 by two methoxy anions and in compound 2 by two μ‐1,1‐azides. The chelating tridentate Schiff base and a terminal thiocyanato (for 1) or azido (for 2) group complete the hexacoordination of the distorted octahedral environment of each iron center. The magnetic properties of compound 1 show the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions mediated by double methoxy bridges (J = –29.45 cm–1). Compound 2 shows the presence of very weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions mediated by double μ‐1,1‐N3 bridges (J = 1.08 cm–1).
Pattern recognition for broken bars fault diagnosis in induction motors under various supply conditions
Authors: Ebrahimi Bashir Mahdi , Faiz Jawad , Akin Bilal 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, impacts of the unbalanced voltage supply conditions and inverter harmonics on accurate broken bar fault diagnosis in induction motors are investigated in detail. It is presented that amplitude of the side‐band components at frequencies (1 ± 2ks)fs as a well‐known index is not competent for accurate broken bar fault detection in induction motors in the presence of unbalanced voltage supply. Thus, the above mentioned frequency pattern is modified for precise broken bar fault recognition in induction motors under unbalanced voltage supply conditions. Amplitude of the side‐band components at frequencies [k/p(1 − s) ± s]fs is proposed as a proper index for precise broken bar fault identification in the aforementioned conditions. In order to evaluate proposed index competency, effects of the load variation and unbalanced supply deviation on the proposed index are analyzed. Furthermore, electromotive force of the healthy and faulty induction motors has been calculated, and side‐band components at frequencies [k/p(1 − s) ± s]fs are extracted from the electromotive force spectra which is nominated as a new technique for precise broken bar fault recognition in induction motors. Comparison of simulation and experimental results verifies the method's ability to detect broken bars with an unbalanced voltage supply and inverter harmonics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of microglia effector functions by tumor necrosis factor signaling
Authors: Harms Ashley S. , Lee Jae‐Kyung , Nguyen Thi A. , Chang Jianjun , Ruhn Kelly M. , Treviño Isaac , Tansey Malú G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe exact biological role of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well understood; but overproduction of TNF by activated microglia has been implicated in neuronal death, suggesting that TNF inhibition in the CNS may be a viable neuroprotective strategy. We investigated the role of TNF signaling in regulation of microglia effector functions using molecular, cellular, and functional analyses of postnatal and adult microglia populations in the CNS. No differences were found by flow cytometric analyses in the basal activation state between TNF‐null and wild‐type mice. Although TNF‐null microglia displayed an atypical morphology with cytoplasmic vacuoles in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the phagocytic response of TNF‐null microglia to Escherichia coli particles in vitro was normal and there were no signs of enhanced caspase 3 activation or apoptosis. Functionally, conditioned media from LPS‐stimulated TNF‐null microglia was found to have significantly reduced levels of IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐12, and CXCL1 relative to wild‐type microglia and exerted no cytotoxic effects on neurally differentiated dopaminergic (DA) MN9D cells. In contrast, incubation of wild‐type microglia with TNF inhibitors selectively depleted the levels of soluble TNF and its cytotoxicity on MN9D cells. To distinguish whether reduced cytotoxicity by LPS‐activated TNF‐null microglia could be attributed to deficient autocrine TNF signaling, we employed primary microglia deficient in one or both TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) in co‐culture with MN9D cells and found that neither receptor is required to elicit LPS‐evoked TNF production and cytotoxicity on DA cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evapotranspiration models of different complexity for multiple land cover types
Authors: Choi Minha , Kustas William P. , Ray Ram L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA comparison between half‐hourly and daily measured and computed evapotranspiration (ET) using three models of different complexity, namely, the Priestley–Taylor (P‐T), the reference Penman–Monteith (P‐M) and the Common Land Model (CLM), was conducted using three AmeriFlux sites under different land cover and climate conditions (i.e. arid grassland, temperate forest and subhumid cropland). Using the reference P‐M model with a semiempirical soil moisture function to adjust for water‐limiting conditions yielded ET estimates in reasonable agreement with the observations [root mean square error (RMSE) of 64–87 W m−2 for half‐hourly and RMSE of 0.5–1.9 mm day−1 for daily] and similar to the complex Common Land Model (RMSE of 60–94 W m−2 for half‐hourly and RMSE of 0.4–2.1 mm day−1 for daily) at the grassland and cropland sites. However, the semiempirical soil moisture function was not applicable particularly for the P‐T model at the forest site, suggesting that adjustments to key model variables may be required when applied to diverse land covers. On the other hand, under certain land cover/environmental conditions, the use of microwave‐derived soil moisture information was found to be a reliable metric of regional moisture conditions to adjust simple ET models for water‐limited cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the simplified methods for different landscapes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generating probabilistic estimates of hydrological response for Irish catchments using a weather generator and probabilistic climate change scenarios
Authors: Bastola Satish , Murphy Conor , Fealy Rowan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn accounting for uncertainties in future simulations of hydrological response of a catchment, two approaches have come to the fore: deterministic scenario‐based approaches and stochastic probabilistic approaches. As scenario‐based approaches result in a wide range of outcomes, the role of probabilistic‐based estimates of climate change impacts for policy formulation has been increasingly advocated by researchers and policy makers. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on seasonal river flows by propagating daily climate time series, derived from probabilistic‐based climate scenarios using a weather generator (WGEN), through a set of conceptual hydrological models. Probabilistic scenarios are generated using two different techniques. The first technique used probabilistic climate scenarios developed from statistically downscaled scenarios for Ireland, hereafter calledSDprob. The second technique used output from 17 global climate models (GCMs), all of which participated in CMIP3, to generate change factors (hereafter calledCF). Outputs from both the SDprob and the CF approach were then used in combination with WGEN to generate daily climate scenarios for use in the hydrological models. The range of simulated flow derived with the CF method is in general larger than those estimated with the SDprob method in winter and vice versa because of the strong seasonality in the precipitation signal for the 17 GCMs. Despite this, the simulated probability density function of seasonal mean streamflow estimated with both methods is similar. This indicates the usefulness of the SDprob or probabilistic approach derived from regional scenarios compared with the CF method that relies on sampling a diversity of response from the GCMs. Irrespective of technique used, the probability density functions of seasonal mean flow produced for four selected basins is wide indicating considerable modelling uncertainties. Such a finding has important implications for developing adaptation strategies at the catchment level in Ireland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoselective fabrication of high density peptide microarray by hetero‐bifunctional tetra(ethylene glycol) linker for click chemistry conjugation
Authors: Zhao Yongfeng , Liu Yan , Lee Ilkeun , Song Yang , Qin Xiangdong , Zaera Francisco , Liao Jiayu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA hetero‐bifunctional tetra(ethylene glycol) molecule with silane and azide termini was synthesized, and this molecule was used to prepare azide‐derivatized glass surface in one step. The resulting glass surface was available for fabricating peptide microarray by the conjugation with alkyne‐containing peptide using click chemistry, which proceeded to the completion at low temperature and in aqueous solution. A high density of peptide on the surface was achieved due to concise overall procedure and highly efficient conjugation reaction. Immobilized peptides were highly bio‐functional on the surface, as demonstrated by the ability to detect protease activity. Due to the biologically orthogonal manner of conjugation, peptide conjugated by site‐specific immobilization was more accessible by protease than that conjugated by random amide conjugation. This site‐specific and high efficient immobilization technique could be expanded to large scale development of biocompatible peptide and protein arrays for use in various applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Assessing person‐centered outcomes in practice research: a latent transition profile framework
Authors: Thompson Aaron M. , Macy Rebecca J. , Fraser Mark W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdvances in statistics provide new methods for analyzing practice data. These advances include person‐centered methods (PCMs) that identify subgroups of research participants with similar characteristics. PCMs derive from a frame of reference that is similar to the risk factor perspective in practice. In practice, the delivery of services is often contingent on identifying at‐risk populations and then providing interventions to groups based on shared risk profiles. PCMs use this perspective. Moreover, PCMs provide a means for identifying high‐risk groups with a precision rarely afforded by routine variable‐centered methods. This article describes a latent profile transition analysis (LPTA), one of several PCMs. To demonstrate LPTA, we estimate risk profiles and treatment effects using data from a cohort study of a school‐based social skills training program. We define four steps in PCMs analysis, describe key statistical tests, and conclude with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of PCMs for practice research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From homelessness to community: psychological integration of women who have experienced homelessness
Authors: Nemiroff Rebecca , Aubry Tim , Klodawsky Fran 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined psychological integration of women who were homeless at the study's outset. Participants (N = 101) were recruited at homeless shelters and participated in 2 in‐person interviews, approximately 2 years apart. A predictive model identifying factors associated with having a psychological sense of community within one's neighbourhood was developed from previous empirical research and tested. Having dependent children, living in higher quality housing, and having more positive contact with neighbours predicted higher levels of psychological integration. Counter to predictions, living in one's current housing for longer predicted lower levels of psychological integration in this sample. The findings suggest the importance of providing high‐quality, affordable housing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods to facilitate psychological reintegration into the community. In addition, providing opportunities for positive contact with neighbours might contribute to helping women who have experienced homelessness become psychologically integrated in their communities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of proteins that associate with integrin α2 by proteomic analysis in human fibrosarcoma HT‐1080 cells
Authors: Uematsu Takayuki , Konishi Chieko , Hoshino Daisuke , Han Xiao , Tomari Taizo , Egawa Nagayasu , Takada Yoshikazu , Isobe Toshiaki , Seiki Motoharu , Koshikawa Naohiko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntegrins are adhesion receptors for components of the extracellular matrix (ECMs) that regulate multiple cellular functions, such as migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival by mediating bidirectional signal transmission. Even though many proteins have been reported to associate with integrins both on and in cells, systemic analyses of the adhesome have not been carried out. In previous studies, we identified proteins associating with a membrane‐type protease, MT1‐MMP, using nano‐flow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC/MS/MS) of associated proteins prepared by optimized conditions for cell lysis and purification. Since integrins were identified as MT1‐MMP‐associated proteins, we next applied this method to analyze integrin‐associated proteins. In this study, we expressed integrin α2 fused at the C terminus to a FLAG peptide in HT1080 cells. Cells stably expressing the chimeric protein were lysed with 1% Brij‐98 and affinity purified using anti‐FLAG antibody. Integrin β1 co‐purified with integrin α2 confirming the specificity of the purification procedure. Analysis of the purified mixture by nano‐LC/MS/MS identified 70 proteins. Nineteen of these were membrane proteins, including adhesion proteins, receptors, transporters, proteinases, and ion‐channel receptors, and the balance were cytoplasmic. Interestingly, eight of the proteins had previously been shown to associate with MT1‐MMP. We believe the present study provides a platform to facilitate the study of the mechanisms of cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3072–3079, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microcellular foaming of low‐density polyethylene using nano‐CaCo3 as a nucleating agent
Authors: Abbasi Mohammadhadi , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Bagheri Rohallah , Esfahani Javad Moftakharian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, microcellular foaming of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) using nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) were carried out. Nanocomposite samples were prepared in different content in range of 0.5–7 phr nano‐CaCO3 using a twin screw extruder. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize of LDPE/nano‐CaCO3 nanocomposites. The foaming was carried out by a batch process in compression molding with azodicarbonamide (ADCA) as a chemical blowing agent. The cell structure of the foams was examined with SEM, density and gel content of different samples were measured to compare difference between nanocomposite microcellular foam and microcellular foam without nanomaterials. The results showed that the samples containing 5 phr nano‐CaCO3 showed microcellular foam with the lowest mean cell diameter 27 μm and largest cell density 8 × 108 cells/cm3 in compared other samples. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Lattice tilt, concentration, and relaxation degree of partly relaxed InGaAs/GaAs structures
Authors: Benediktovitch A. , Rinaldi F. , Menzel S. , Saito K. , Ulyanenkova T. , Baumbach T. , Feranchuk I. D. , Ulyanenkov A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe series of samples is investigated to verify the validity of the scattering theory within the layers of different relaxation degree. The samples composed of In0.06Ga0.94As layer of different thicknesses on GaAs [001] substrates were grown using MBE technique. The symmetric and asymmetric reciprocal space maps (RSM) were measured and simulated for the samples with the fully coherent layer, in the vicinity of the critical thickness of relaxation, and with the fully relaxed layer. The crystallographic layer miscuts, indium concentrations, the relaxation degrees, and density of dislocations have been precisely evaluated.
Insertion force in manual and robotic corneal suturing
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Cunliang , Deng Shijing , Xiao Jingjing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundDue to differences in corneal grafting microsurgery between manual and robotic suturing, new challenges have arisen in testing the insertion force and torque of corneal tissue acting on suturing needles in order to guarantee successful completion of surgical procedures.MethodsIn order to measure the force during the insertion operation, from the needle entering the cornea through the entry point until the puncturing of the exit point along the circular trajectory, a force measurement system was established, including fresh porcine cornea, a corneal‐suturing robot, a circular needle, a micro‐forceps manipulator with a force transducer, a computer with a data acquisition board and a medical microscope. The force values in the needle coordinate frames were obtained on the basis of a sensor coordinate frame through D–H coordinate transformation, and an index is proposed here to evaluate the insertion performance. Experiments on both manual and robotic suturing were carried out for comparison.ResultsThe scale and changes of the needle insertion force were obtained using two different suturing methods. The maximal tangent force in robotic suturing is a little larger than in manual suturing, and the maximal resultant force in robotic suturing is somewhat smaller. Although the difference is not very significant, robotic suturing performs in a more stable way. Moreover, the performance evaluation index Mdmax (the maximum of square root of the quadratic sum of torque components MOX and MOY) in robotic suturing is much smaller than that in manual suturing.ConclusionsThe force measurement system has been verified to be feasible through experimentation. Compared with conventional manual surgery, robotic suturing has some advantages: more stable suturing, smaller distortion torque and fewer invasions to the corneal tissue, showing that its application in minimally invasive surgery is practical. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding‐mode control for automated lane guidance of heavy vehicle
Authors: Imine H. , Madani T. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn the present work, an active steering assistance system for heavy vehicles is developed to prevent lane departure and let the vehicle follow the road's centre line. The controller is based on the super‐twisting algorithm. An estimator based on the sliding mode observer is also developed to estimate the vehicle dynamics. The lateral positions and speeds are then controlled to keep the vehicle in the centre of the lane. The lateral offset and the relative yaw angle are supposed to be measured and the road curvature to be known. Some simulation results are given to show the quality of this steering assistance system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory and application of Kossel x‐ray diffraction in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Dingley D. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe application of Kossel x‐ray diffraction to the SEM is reviewed with discussion of identification of structures, determination of orientation relationships between crystals, residual strain measurements, examination of fracture surfaces and semi‐quantitative measurement of plastic strain. Geometrical theory of formation of the patterns is outlined and methods of analysis reviewed with emphasis on the techniques available when the pattern centre and specimen to film distance can be accurately determined. A recent method of obtaining the latter parameters is discussed. Pattern recognition techniques are discussed with references to F. C. Frank's model based on the intersection of an x‐ray sphere of radius 1/2 with the Brillouin zone boundaries of the crystal and estimates are produced of the diffracting volume as a function of perfection of the crystal.
Mechanical manipulation with cells in vitro prior to fixation can have an adverse effect on cell surface appearance in the SEM
Authors: Veselý P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRat Rous sarcoma cells of the W 12 line and cinemicrography were used to analyze the causes of the cell surface changes occurring during the manipulation of cultures prior to fixation for SEM examination. It is concluded that these changes are caused primarily by the increase in the availability of serum factors present in whole blood serum which could be brought about by the mechanical disturbance of the diffusion boundary layer. Mechanical irritation, cooling, and pH changes are only secondary causes. The possibilities of preventing these undesirable changes are discussed.