bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III Study of the Value of Thalidomide Added to Melphalan Plus Prednisone in Elderly Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: The HOVON 49 Study
Authors: Wijermans Pierre , Schaafsma Martijn , Termorshuizen Fabian , Ammerlaan Rianne , Wittebol Shulamiet , Sinnige Harm , Zweegman Sonja , van Marwijk Kooy Marinus , van der Griend René , Lokhorst Henk , Sonneveld Pieter 
Published: June 2010

Purpose For several decades, the treatment of elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has consisted of melphalan and prednisone (MP). The Dutch-Belgium Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group (HOVON) investigated the efficacy of thalidomide added to MP (MP-T) in a randomized phase III trial. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy, toxicity, and effects on quality of life of MP-T. Patients and Methods A randomized phase III trial compared standard MP with MP-T (thalidomide 200 mg/d) in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma older than age 65 years. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide 50 mg/d was administered to patients after MP-T until relapse. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS); response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were secondary end points. Results An intent-to-treat analysis of 333 evaluable patients showed significantly higher response rates in MP-T–treated patients compared with MP-treated patients a response (≥ partial response: 66% v 45%, respectively; P < .001; and ≥ very good partial response [VGPR]: 27% v 10%, respectively; P < .001). EFS was 13 months with MP-T versus 9 months with MP (P < .001). OS was 40 months with MP-T versus 31 months with MP (P = .05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that thalidomide improves the response rate and VGPR in elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM. MP-T also results in a better EFS, PFS, and OS.
Capecitabine, Bevacizumab, and Mitomycin in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Randomized Phase III MAX Study
Authors: Tebbutt Niall C. , Wilson Kate , Gebski Val J. , Cummins Michelle M. , Zannino Diana , van Hazel Guy A. , Robinson Bridget , Broad Adam , Ganju Vinod , Ackland Stephen P. , Forgeson Garry , Cunningham David , Saunders Mark P. , Stockler Martin R. , Chua YuJo , Zalcberg John R. , Simes R. John , Price Timothy J. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose To determine whether adding bevacizumab, with or without mitomycin, to capecitabine monotherapy improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in an open-label, three-arm randomized trial. Patients and Methods Overall, 471 patients in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom with previously untreated, unresectable mCRC were randomly assigned to the following: capecitabine; capecitabine plus bevacizumab (CB); or capecitabine, bevacizumab, and mitomycin (CBM). We compared CB with capecitabine and CBM with capecitabine for progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), toxicity, response rate (RR), and quality of life (QOL). Results Median PFS was 5.7 months for capecitabine, 8.5 months for CB, and 8.4 months for CBM (capecitabine v CB: hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.79; P < .001; C v CBM: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.75; P < .001). After a median follow-up of 31 months, median OS was 18.9 months for capecitabine and was 16.4 months for CBM; these data were not significantly different. Toxicity rates were acceptable, and all treatment regimens well tolerated. Bevacizumab toxicities were similar to those in previous studies. Measures of overall QOL were similar in all groups. Conclusion Adding bevacizumab to capecitabine, with or without mitomycin, significantly improves PFS without major additional toxicity or impairment of QOL.
Serum glycated albumin to haemoglobin A1C ratio can distinguish fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus from type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Koga Masafumi , Murai Jun , Saito Hiroshi , Kasayama Soji , Imagawa Akihisa , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Kobayashi Tetsuro ,   the Members of the Japan Diabetes Society's Committee on Research on Type 1 Diabetes
Published: June 2010

Background Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM), a subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus, was first reported as a disease entity in 2000. Ketoacidosis at initial onset due to acute pancreatic cell destruction makes early diagnosis and treatment for FT1DM mandatory. In the early period of FT1DM, haemoglobin (Hb)A1C levels are not markedly elevated. This study investigated serum glycated albumin (GA), which reflects acute short-term changes in plasma glucose, as a new clinical index for FT1DM at disease onset. Methods Subjects comprised 35 patients with FT1DM who had undergone measurement of HbA1C and serum GA at initial visit and 42 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with HbA1C <8.5% and no history of diabetes treatment as controls. Results HbA1C was significantly lower in FT1DM than in T2DM, whereas serum GA was significantly higher. GA/HbA1C ratio was thus significantly higher in FT1DM than in T2DM (3.9 ± 0.5 versus 2.8 ± 0.3; P < 0.0001). GA/HbA1C ratio was >3.2 in 41 of 42 FT1DM patients (98%), compared with only one of 32 T2DM patients (3%). Conclusions Serum GA is significantly higher in FT1DM than in T2DM, whereas HbA1C is significantly lower. FT1DM can thus be distinguished from untreated T2DM by GA/HbA1C ratio at initial visit before treatment for diabetes.
A Review of Inhaled Technosphere Insulin
Authors: Neumiller Joshua J , Campbell R Keith , Wood Lindy D 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and clinical use of Technosphere insulin. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966–March 2010) was conducted for English-language articles using the terms AFREZZA, AFRESA, Technosphere insulin, pulmonary insulin, and inhaled insulin. Abstracts from the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes annual meetings, presented in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 were also searched for relevant data. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language articles pertinent to the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of Technosphere insulin were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Technosphere insulin is an inhaled insulin product with a pharmacokinetic profile suitable to meet prandial insulin needs in patients with diabetes. Technosphere insulin has demonstrated efficacy in terms of postprandial and overall glycemic control, with efficacy and safety outcomes maintained for up to 4 years in one study. The overall tolerability profile for Technosphere insulin in clinical trials published to date has demonstrated a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with subcutaneous mealtime insulins. Clinical trials to date have demonstrated safety in terms of pulmonary function, and the absorption of Technosphere insulin is not significantly altered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or in those who smoke. Conclusions: The Technosphere delivery system allows for the rapid absorption of Technosphere insulin via the lung, making this product a potential option for prandial insulin coverage in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The device to administer the insulin is well designed, small, and easy to use. Technosphere inhaled insulin may provide a useful treatment option for patients resistant to or fearful of initiating prandial insulin injections.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome: Within-Syndrome Differences and Age-Related Changes
Authors: McDuffie Andrea , Abbeduto Leonard , Lewis Pamela , Kover Sara , Kim Jee-Seon , Weber Ann , Brown W. Ted 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was used to examine diagnostic profiles and age-related changes in autism symptoms for a group of verbal children and adolescents who had fragile X syndrome, with and without autism. After controlling for nonverbal IQ, we found statistically significant between-group differences for lifetime and current autism symptoms for the Communication and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behaviors domains, but not the Reciprocal Social Interaction domain. Effect sizes for differences in Reciprocal Social Interaction also were smaller than effect sizes for the other domains, with one exception. Overall, severity of autism symptoms improved with age for all participants, with the least improvement noted for Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors. FMRP did not account for unique variance in autism symptoms over and above nonverbal IQ.
Media behaviour: towards the transformation society
Authors: Gallon Ray 
Published: June 2010

Transformation can only occur through behavioural evolution.

Global consciousness, collective intelligence and other similar utopian expressions fill the pages of books, websites, blogs and academic articles as once again the promise of transcendent transformation via new
technology fills our techno-romantic hearts with hope.
Past promises have often led to disappointment. It is clear that ideals will not be attained by the simple advance of technology. If, as Marshall McLuhan asserted, our tools shape us we need to examine our media, new and old, from a
behavioural perspective in two directions: how the media behave (as systems, as tools, as environments); and how we behave as users, participants and members of these systems and environments.
This article illustrates this thesis using behavioural aspects of two current phenomena: social
media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) and music. Using concrete examples, it indicates paths to lead us from a mechanical, consumerist, technology-oriented notion, the information society, based on quantitative accumulation, towards the transformation society in which meaningful human
interactions are encouraged proactively. We need to educate our children about media behaviour, much as we have always educated children about other social behaviours.
Biochemical markers of muscular damage
Authors: Brancaccio Paola , Lippi Giuseppe , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMuscle tissue may be damaged following intense prolonged training as a consequence of both metabolic and mechanical factors. Serum levels of skeletal muscle enzymes or proteins are markers of the functional status of muscle tissue, and vary widely in both pathological and physiological conditions. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, myoglobin, troponin, aspartate aminotransferase, and carbonic anhydrase CAIII are the most useful serum markers of muscle injury, but apoptosis in muscle tissues subsequent to strenuous exercise may be also triggered by increased oxidative stress. Therefore, total antioxidant status can be used to evaluate the level of stress in muscle by other markers, such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, sulfhydril groups, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and others. As the various markers provide a composite picture of muscle status, we recommend using more than one to provide a better estimation of muscle stress.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:757–67.
Hochdetektive pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren auf der Basis von LiTaO3
Authors: Schossig Marco , Norkus Volkmar , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
Eine in den letzten Jahren entwickelte flexible Herstellungstechnologie für pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren auf der Basis von Lithiumtantalat (LiTaO3) ermöglicht es, Sensoren zu entwerfen und zu fertigen, die einen hohen Signal-Rausch-Abstand besitzen und der geplanten Anwendung optimal angepasst sind. So wurden ultradünne, freitragende LiTaO3-Schichten mit einer Dicke von weniger als 1 μm hergestellt, mit denen die Sensoren eine spezifische Detektivität D
* von über 5×109 cm Hz1/2W-1 erreichen.
Spurengasdetektion mittels Laserionenmobilitätsspektrometrie
Authors: Oberhüttinger Carola , Kessler Matthias , Langmeier Andreas , Göbel Johann , Müller Gerhard 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie eignet sich zum schnellen Nachweis von Gasen unter Atmosphärendruck. Verwendet man zur Ionisation der Gasmoleküle eine radioaktive Quelle (63Ni), können sich die Signale mehrerer Substanzen überlagern, was zu schwer interpretierbaren Spektren führt. Um die Vorteile der Laserionisation zu demonstrieren, untersuchten wir die Detektion von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Aminen im Spurengasbereich mit Hilfe der Zwei-Photon-Ionisation.
TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects
Authors: Garduño-Garcia Jose de Jesus , Alvirde-Garcia Ulices , López-Carrasco Guadalupe , Padilla Mendoza Ma Elena , Mehta Roopa , Arellano-Campos Olimpia , Choza Ricardo , Sauque Leobardo , Garay-Sevilla Maria Eugenia , Malacara Juan Manuel , Gomez-Perez Francisco J , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo examine the association between thyroid function and the components of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in an Hispanic population.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsSubjects with no history of thyroid disease or diabetes were included. Thyroid function was stratified as euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) status and subsequently by free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH tertiles. The association of the metabolic syndrome components (defined by 2004 Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and insulin resistance with thyroid status, TSH, and FT4 were examined.ResultsA total of 3148 subjects were analyzed. The prevalence of SCH was 8.3%. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was similar in euthyroid and SCH patients (31.6 vs 32.06%, P=0.89). Total cholesterol was higher in patients with SCH (5.51±1.19 vs 5.34±1.05 mmol/l, P<0.032). Serum TSH values showed a positive correlation (adjusted for age and sex) with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and waist circumference. In contrast, FT4 showed a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an inverse correlation with waist circumference, insulin, and HOMA-IR.ConclusionSCH is not associated with an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome (as conceived as a diagnostic category defined by the National Cholesterol, Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria). Despite this, low thyroid function (even in the euthyroid state) predisposes to higher cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. The combined use of TSH and FT4, compared with the assessment based on only FT4, is a more convenient approach to evaluate the association between thyroid function and metabolic variables.
Vicarious Language: Gender and Linguistic Modernity in Japan
Authors: Adelman Allison S. 
Published: June 2010

Book review of ‘Vicarious language: Gender and linguistic modernity in Japan’ by Miyako Inoue, published by University of California Press in 2006. ‘Japanese women’s language’ has been the focus of a great deal of scholarly work in the fields of linguistics and sociocultural anthropology. Its existence has also continually been authenticated by mass media and popular ideologies of language and gender. In ‘Vicarious Language’, Miyako Inoue puts forward a new and important perspective on ‘Japanese women’s language.’
Sociolinguistic Consequences of Language Shift in Anglophone West African Literature
Authors: Bamiro Edmund O. 
Published: June 2010

Sociolinguistic Consequences of Language Shift in West African Literature Edmund Bamiro The long history and dominance of English in West Africa have compelled a shift towards the language by several West African creative writers, beginning especially in the post-World War II decade. Using data from the novels of two prominent authors, the Ghanaian, Ayi Kwei Armah, and the Nigerian, Chinua Achebe, this paper argues that the massive shift in the direction of English has been accompanied by a reterritorialization of the language in the West African sociolinguistic environment. Consequently, language shift in West African literature is mediated by the strategies of disidentification and counteridentification from, and identification with, native English forms and norms. However, the language shift in terms of a transfer of legitimacy from the writers’ filial bond to their mother tongues to their affiliation with imperial language and aesthetics is a double-edged sword.
Cry Melody in 2-Month-Old Infants with and without Clefts
Authors: Wermke Kathleen , Birr Marlene , Voelter Christiane , Shehata Wafaa-Dieler , Jurkutat Anne , Wermke Peter , Stellzig Angelika-Eisenhauer 
Published: June 2010

Objective To investigate cry melody properties in infants with clefts using objective methods and to identify early differences in cry development in relation to infants without clefts that may indicate special developmental risks. Design Melody analysis was carried out on cries from the second month of life. The cry properties of infants with a cleft lip and palate (CLP) and infants with a cleft palate only (CP) were quantitatively compared. Both groups were compared to infants without clefts. Participants Twenty-one infants with nonsyndromic clefts, including 11 infants with CLP and 10 infants with CP, were compared to 50 healthy controls. Main Outcome Measures Frequency spectrograms and melody diagrams of about 7000 cries were analyzed. For each infant's crying, melodic and rhythmic properties were investigated and expressed by appropriate quantitative indices. Based on previous studies, the degree of melody complexity in an infants’ crying was used as an indicator of their present prespeech developmental status. Results The cleft groups did not significantly differ from each other with respect to their cry melody development. However, both groups were significantly different from the control group, exhibiting a lower proportion of complex cry melodies and a deviation in rhythmicity. No significant correlation to hearing performances was found that could explain the differences. Conclusions Infants with clefts differ in their cry development from infants without clefts at 2 months of life. This early difference occurs before the infants undergo any surgical intervention or other treatment.
Formulas for Rupture, Necking, and Wrinkling of Oil Country Tubular Goods Under Combined Loads
Authors: Klever F.J.. J. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAdvanced well-design methods based on risk assessment of actual failure mechanisms require accurate formulas for burst, collapse, yield, and fracture. Moreover, these strength formulas should be generalized to account for the combined internal pressure, external pressure, and axial load that well tubulars experience.This paper describes the development of a set of formulas for burst strength [i.e., the failure envelope and the design limit for oil country tubular goods (OCTG) under internal overpressure and any axial tension or axial compression]. Phenomena covered are ductile rupture, pipe necking, and local pipe-wall wrinkling, thus spanning the first and second quadrant in the effective-axial-load/pressure-differential-load space.This set of formulas is based on a large-strain, elastic/plastic, &lt;3D&gt; formulation of pipe equilibrium, deformation, and buckling that has been solved analytically in closed form for the situation of combined loads. The formulas describe features such as a maximum internal-pressure load (rupture), a maximum axial-tension load (necking), and local buckling of a pipe under axial compression (wrinkling).Approximate burst-strength formulas are presented that together span the entire axial-load range and closely match the more complex, exact model predictions.The joint American Petroleum Institute/International Organization for Standardization SC5 Work Group 2B (API/ISO SC5 WG2B) tasked with modernizing the API 5C3 property equations has incorporated the approximate burst-strength formulas presented in this paper into the new ISO TR 10400/API TR 5C3 document (API 2008; ISO 2007).
A Consistent and Accurate Dead-Oil-Viscosity Method
Authors: Bergman David F. , Sutton Robert P. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
The calculation of pressure drop resulting from the flow of oil through porous media or pipes requires the evaluation of viscosity. This is the single most important transport property necessary to calculate pressure drop accurately. The basis for oil-viscosity calculations using a traditional black-oil approach is the determination of dead- or gas-free-oil viscosity.
A total of 23 dead-oil-viscosity calculation methods have been identified from the literature and evaluated in this paper. A large database consisting of data from conventional pressure/volume/ temperature (PVT) reports, crude-oil assays, and the literature was compiled from more than 3,000 samples from around the world. The number of actual viscosity measurements exceeded 9,800. An evaluation of the correlations yielded unacceptable results largely because of the failure of the methods to properly account for the physics of the problem. In general, this results from the methods’ failure to properly account for the change in viscosity with temperature and to address the chemical nature of the oil. A significant improvement in results can be realized through the use of the Watson characterization factor in addition to oil API gravity and temperature in the correlation of viscosity. This work has identified the character of the crude to have a significant effect on oil viscosity, especially for oils with gravities less than 25°API.
Methods have been proposed in the literature that use the Watson characterization factor; however, these have been largely ignored in the upstream oil industry. Therefore, a new method has been developed that shows significant improvement over existing methods. At reservoir conditions, a 2- to 13-fold reduction in average absolute error was noted when compared with the error observed from traditional methods. At surface process conditions, this improvement ranged 3- to 60-fold. In addition, an updated correlation for Watson characterization has been developed. The ASTM density correction for varying temperature has been examined. Revised coefficients were developed that enhance the method’s accuracy for both oils and pure components and provide a suitable means to convert kinematic viscosity to absolute viscosity.
Field Implementation of Gravel Packing Horizontal Wells Using a Solids-Free Synthetic Fluid With Alpha-/ Beta-Wave Technology
Authors: Aragão A. F. L. , Calderon A. , Lomba R. F. T. , Moreira J. N. V. C. , de Sá A. N. , Martins A. L. , Quintero L. , Moura E. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
This article details the planning and execution phases of the first openhole gravel-pack (OHGP) operation performed with the alpha-/beta-wave deposition technique using a nonaqueous system as a carrier fluid. The operation was performed at Marlim field, offshore Brazil, and constitutes the first field implementation of a research and engineering effort that started two years ago.
The idea in this first field operation was to avoid many changes in the original well design for the area and to concentrate novel steps in the fluid for gravel packing openhole design, friction loss evaluation, fluid substitution, and rheology characterization. On the basis of these results, optimized procedures were proposed for the operation. A broad description of the technical aspects, field pumping profiles, and packing quality is also presented.