bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelques interrogations à propos de l'éducation parentale
Authors: Mozere Liane 
Published: January 2010

Liane Mozère - Questions about parents'education. Avoiding parents passive consensus ?
In disadvantaged districts a number of reception centres for parents and chi- dren were created in the style of the "Maison Verte" founded by the psychoanalyst Françoise Dolto. The aim of this "Maison Verte" was to help young children enter the social world, accompanied by their comforting mother. Recent initiatives emphaze the importance of mothers'presence. But when we consider the history of these philanthropic experiments we discover many possible pitfalls in case the autonomy and empowerment of parents should not be granted. There is a risk or repeating "disciplinary" temptation of the assistance system [cf. Foucault, 1976).
Les effets d'une année d'entraînement à la lecture avec un logiciel éducatif : résultats en classe de sixième de collège
Authors: Foucambert Denis 
Published: January 2010

Denis Foucambert - The effect of reading skill training during one year in the first grade of secondary school
To keep up the skills in reading is one of the most important goals to be achieved in school. This study showed the effect of ELSA - educational software for reading improvement - in relation to its use among sixth- grade pupils. The study assessed pupils of four groups of different practices by means of two tests dealing with different skills in reading. Results highlighted an increase in the performances of 40% for fifty-five minutes of weekly training and 75% for seventy-five minutes a week. This was particularly due to a rise in the reading speed of the pupils. It was also shown that a minimum period of time of about 70 minutes raised the level of reading of all the pupils to that of the top 15% who did not practice.
Position des CPE et vie scolaire : vers la recherche d'un mode de fonctionnement collégial?
Authors: Barthelemy Véronique 
Published: January 2010

Véronique Barthélémy - Chief supervisors' position in the secondary schools : a matter of action logic ?
This article aims at showing, from chief supervisors practices' analysis, that school leadership may vary according to different actors'action logics. With this objective our research uses the results of a two-stage survey : the quantitative enquiry presents the various actions of supervisors ; the qualitative enquiry tries to enlight transformation of behaviours among actors. It appears that the school is still managed according to a traditional model in which staff collaboration is poor. Some improvements seem to be possible at the level of senior high school leadership : for this reason, we propose variables which may have an impact on school management.
Les «jeux vidéo» : un ensemble à déconstruire, des pratiques à analyser
Authors: Tremel Laurent 
Published: January 2010

Laurent Trémel - Videogames : how to deconstruct the set and analyse practices,
This article discusses the consistence of the set covered by the label of "videogames" which refers to practices which differ according to age, sex, and social variables. These games are presently developing in a context which favours "new technologies" and their adventures, especially concerning possible educational involvement but they give rise to various questions that we are presented here. Our conclusion bears on the role played by the fondness for these products in modern society and we question their relationships with ideologies and educational policies.
L'analyse du travail en didactique professionnelle
Authors: Pastré Pierre 
Published: January 2010

Professional didactics aim at analysing work duties in order to gain competences.
This approach's origins lay in the gathering of two trends : work psychology (Faverge, Leplat) underlined the cognitive side that exists in every work. Developmental psychology (Piaget, Vygotski, Vergnaud) insists upon the conceptualisation's role in action. This article offers a few examples of work analysis on professional didactics, highlighting two aspects. The aim is to reveal pragmatic concepts which are real action organisers, in the way that they enable actors to diagnose the situation in which they find themselves. In fact this analysis can only be done by studying further than the work that was given (the task) : it is only by analysing the actors' activity that we can spot the situation's conceptual structure, or more precisely the representation that they make of it.
Le concept de contextualisation : un instrument pour l'étude des pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Marcel Jean-François 
Published: January 2010

Le concept de contextualisation propose de focaliser l'étude des pratiques enseignantes sur les interactions de l'enseignant agissant et des contextes de leur effectuation, en défendant la nécessité d'un recours à une double lecture, une lecture du « contexte pour l'enseignant » articulée à une lecture du « contexte pour le chercheur ».
Cet article développe une illustration de l'utilisation de ce concept dans une recherche portant sur le « différentiel » entre préparation et réalisation (en géographie en cycle II). Il présente des profils de pratiques enseignantes regroupant les différents niveaux de résultats traités à l'aide d'analyses multi- variées. Ces profils permettent de dépasser la simple juxtaposition d'informations et de les articuler entre elles pour contribuer à l'explication des pratiques enseignantes.
L'éducation entre fin, finalité et finalisme. Le sens de la pédagogie : repères philosophiques, résonances pédagogiques
Authors: Soëtard Michel , Hetier Renaud 
Published: January 2010

La question du sens de l'éducation renvoie à celle de la finalité. Mais les finalités ne posent pas question en soi : elles sont là de fait, qu'on les veuille ou non, appelées par les mouvements de la nature, modelées par l'histoire, impulsées par les pouvoirs. La nouveauté est que ces finalités, « autrefois » maîtrisées « d'en haut » par une « fin suprême », partent désormais à la dérive du besoin social et qu'elles se dispersent dans la contradiction des intérêts particuliers. Alors renaît, sur la ruine des finalités historiques disloquées, l'aspiration vers une fin qui en finisse absolument : la « question du sens », reprise du vieux rêve métaphysique, mais désormais privée de son support ontologique. Cette fin s'interdit d'être une finalité suprême, qui serait posée quelque part dans le ciel ou sur cette terre : le finalisme est mis hors jeu. Que peut-elle être alors, si l'œuvre d'humanité doit continuer à avoir un sens, sinon forme pure inlassablement visée au travers des finalités qui continuent à être là, ouvertes à tous les sens et les non-sens, dans l'attente que le pédagogue leur donne un sens vrai dans et par son action d'humanisation ?
Dans cette contribution, Michel Soëtard s'efforce de poser des repères philosophiques, puis, s'entretenant avec Renaud Hétier, il sollicite du pédagogue le contrepoint d'une réflexion sur l'action.
Les référentiels des diplômes professionnels confrontés à leurs critiques: une mise en valeur de leurs enjeux sociaux
Authors: Maillard Fabienne 
Published: January 2010

The referentials of vocational diplomas, which detail both the vocational activity the diploma prepares to and the body of knowledge as well as the skills necessary to perform this activity and also to get the diploma, are the object of recurrent criticisms ; the main objections concern their standardisation, their exshaustivity and the fact that they are too school centered.
The referentials give an idealised vision of the diploma, of its content and of its possible uses. This article deals mainly with the ambivalence of the criticisms adressed by the researchers and by the actors of the vocational trainings, as some of the features of the referentials and of the diplomas will be brought under attack or on the contrary will be considered as necessary. The analysis of the referentials and of the criticisms attached to them shades light on the coexistence of various conceptions (to which the various partners refer) regarding the vocational diplomas. It underlines the fact that vocational diplomas are individualised in the present realm of government certification.
Induction of Interferon-γ-Inducible Protein 10 by SARS-CoV Infection, Interferon Alfacon 1 and Interferon Inducer in Human Bronchial Epithelial Calu-3 Cells and BALB/c Mice
Authors: Kumaki Yohichi , Day Craig W , Bailey Kevin W , Wandersee Miles K , Wong Min-Hui , Madsen Jason R , Madsen Justin S , Nelson Nathan M , Hoopes Justin D , Woolcott John D , McLean Tyler Z , Blatt Lawrence M , Salazar Andres M , Smee Donald F , Barnard Dale L 
Published: January 2010

Background: The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is poorly understood. Several mechanisms involving both direct effects on target cells and indirect effects via the immune system might exist. SARS-CoV has been shown in vitro to induce changes of cytokines and chemokines in various human and animal cells. We previously reported that interferon (IFN) alfacon-1 was more active against SARS-CoV infection in human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells than in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells on day 3 post-infection. Methods: In the current study, we first evaluated the efficacy of IFN-alfacon 1 in Calu-3 cells during the first 7 days of virus infection. We then used the two-antibody sandwich ELISA method to detect IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). We further evaluated the efficacy of antivirals directed against SARS-CoV infection in BALB/c mice. Results: A potent, prolonged inhibition of SARS-CoV replication in Calu-3 cells with IFN-alfacon 1 was observed. Furthermore, IP-10, an IFN-inducible leukocyte chemoattractant, was detected in Calu-3 cells after SARS-CoV infection. Interestingly, IP-10 expression was shown to be significantly increased when SARS-CoV-infected Calu-3 cells were treated with IFN alfacon-1. IP-10 expression was detected in the lungs of SARS-CoV-infected BALB/c mice. Significantly high levels of mouse IP-10 in BALB/c mice was also detected when SARS-CoV-infected mice were treated with the interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethyl cellulose (poly IC:LC). Treatment with poly IC:LC by intranasal route were effective in protecting mice against a lethal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV and reduced the viral lung titres. Conclusion: Our data might provide an important insight into the mechanism of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and these properties might be therapeutically advantageous.
Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During Moderately Sloped Running
Authors: Telhan Gaurav , Franz Jason R. , Dicharry Jay , Wilder Robert P. , Riley Patrick O. , Kerrigan D. Casey 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Knowledge of the kinetic changes that occur during sloped running is important in understanding the adaptive gait-control mechanisms at work and can provide additional information about the poorly understood relationship between injury and changes in kinetic forces in the lower extremity. A study of these potential kinetic changes merits consideration, because training and return-to-activity programs are potentially modifiable factors for tissue stress and injury risk.

Objective:
To contribute further to the understanding of hill running by quantifying the 3-dimensional alterations in joint kinetics during moderately sloped decline, level, and incline running in a group of healthy runners.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Nineteen healthy young runners/joggers (age  =  25.3 ± 2.5 years).

Intervention(s):
Participants ran at 3.13 m/s on a treadmill under the following 3 different running-surface slope conditions: 4° decline, level, and 4° incline.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Lower extremity joint moments and powers and the 3 components of the ground reaction force.

Results:
Moderate changes in running-surface slope had a minimal effect on ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics when velocity was held constant. Only changes in knee power absorption (increased with decline-slope running) and hip power (increased generation on incline-slope running and increased absorption on decline-slope running in early stance) were noted. We observed an increase only in the impact peak of the vertical ground reaction force component during decline-slope running, whereas the nonvertical components displayed no differences.

Conclusions:
Running style modifications associated with running on moderate slopes did not manifest as changes in 3-dimensional joint moments or in the active peaks of the ground reaction force. Our data indicate that running on level and moderately inclined slopes appears to be a safe component of training regimens and return-to-run protocols after injury.
Sex, Collagen Expression, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strength in Rats
Authors: Romani William A. , Langenberg Patricia , Belkoff Stephen M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Sex-specific responses to steroid sex hormones have been suggested as a potential cause for the disparate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates between male and female athletes. Type 1 collagen (T1C) and type 3 collagen (T3C) are crucial structural components that define the ligament's ability to withstand tensile loads. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is an important mediator of downstream collagen synthesis and remodeling, but the sex-specific mechanisms of collagen mRNA expression and ACL strength are unknown.

Objective:
To examine the influence of sex on T1C and T3C mRNA expression and mass-normalized stiffness and peak failure load in the ACLs of skeletally mature rats.

Design:
Observational study.

Setting:
Basic sciences and biomechanical testing laboratories.

Patients or Other Participants:
Nineteen 12-week-old male (n  =  9) and female (n  =  10) Sprague Dawley rats.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine T1C and T3C mRNA expression and a hydraulic materials testing device to measure ACL stiffness and failure load. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the groups.

Results:
Female rats had lower amounts of T3C mRNA expression and higher normalized ACL tangent stiffness and failure load than male rats.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that sex-specific differences in T1C and T3C mRNA expression may play an important role in the downstream mechanical properties of the ACL.
The Interaction of Trunk-Load and Trunk-Position Adaptations on Knee Anterior Shear and Hamstrings Muscle Forces During Landing
Authors: Kulas Anthony S. , Hortobágyi Tibor , DeVita Paul 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Because anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can occur during deceleration maneuvers, biomechanics research has been focused on the lower extremity kinetic chain. Trunk mass and changes in trunk position affect lower extremity joint torques and work during gait and landing, but how the trunk affects knee joint and muscle forces is not well understood.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of added trunk load and adaptations to trunk position on knee anterior shear and knee muscle forces in landing.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Controlled laboratory environment.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-one participants (10 men: age  =  20.3 ± 1.15 years, height  =  1.82 ± 0.04 m, mass  =  78.2 ± 7.3 kg; 11 women: age  =  20.0 ± 1.10 years, height  =  1.72 ± 0.06 m, mass  =  62.3 ± 6.4 kg).

Intervention(s):
Participants performed 2 sets of 8 double-leg landings under 2 conditions: no load and trunk load (10% body mass). Participants were categorized into one of 2 groups based on the kinematic trunk adaptation to the load: trunk flexor or trunk extensor.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We estimated peak and average knee anterior shear, quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius forces with a biomechanical model.

Results:
We found condition-by-group interactions showing that adding a trunk load increased peak (17%) and average (35%) knee anterior shear forces in the trunk-extensor group but did not increase them in the trunk-flexor group (peak: F1,19  =  10.56, P  =  .004; average: F1,19  =  9.56, P  =  .006). We also found a main effect for condition for quadriceps and gastrocnemius forces. When trunk load was added, peak (6%; F1,19  =  5.52, P  =  .030) and average (8%; F1,19  =  8.83, P  =  .008) quadriceps forces increased and average (4%; F1,19  =  4.94, P  =  .039) gastrocnemius forces increased, regardless of group. We found a condition-by-group interaction for peak (F1,19  =  5.16, P  =  .035) and average (F1,19  =  12.35, P  =  .002) hamstrings forces. When trunk load was added, average hamstrings forces decreased by 16% in the trunk-extensor group but increased by 13% in the trunk-flexor group.

Conclusions:
Added trunk loads increased knee anterior shear and knee muscle forces, depending on trunk adaptation strategy. The trunk-extensor adaptation to the load resulted in a quadriceps-dominant strategy that increased knee anterior shear forces. Trunk-flexor adaptations may serve as a protective strategy against the added load. These findings should be interpreted with caution, as only the face validity of the biomechanical model was assessed.
Low Back Pain in Adolescents: A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Sports Participants and Nonparticipants
Authors: Fritz Julie M. , Clifford Shannon N. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Context:
Back pain is common in adolescents. Participation in sports has been identified as a risk factor for the development of back pain in adolescents, but the influence of sports participation on treatment outcomes in adolescents has not been adequately examined.

Objective:
To examine the clinical outcomes of rehabilitation for adolescents with low back pain (LBP) and to evaluate the influence of sports participation on outcomes.

Design:
Observational study.

Setting:
Outpatient physical therapy clinics.

Patients or Other Participants:
Fifty-eight adolescents (age  =  15.40 ± 1.44 years; 56.90% female) with LBP referred for treatment. Twenty-three patients (39.66%) had developed back pain from sports participation.

Intervention(s):
Patients completed the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and numeric pain rating before and after treatment. Treatment duration and content were at the clinician's discretion. Adolescents were categorized as sports participants if the onset of back pain was linked to organized sports. Additional data collected included diagnostic imaging before referral, clinical characteristics, and medical diagnosis.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Baseline characteristics were compared based on sports participation. The influence of sports participation on outcomes was examined using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance with the Oswestry and pain scores as dependent variables. The number of sessions and duration of care were compared using t tests.

Results:
Many adolescents with LBP receiving outpatient physical therapy treatment were involved in sports and cited sports participation as a causative factor for their LBP. Some differences in baseline characteristics and clinical treatment outcomes were noted between sports participants and nonparticipants. Sports participants were more likely to undergo magnetic resonance imaging before referral (P  =  .013), attended more sessions (mean difference  =  1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  0.21, 2.59, P  =  .022) over a longer duration (mean difference  =  12.44 days, 95% CI  =  1.28, 23.10, P  =  .024), and experienced less improvement in disability (mean Oswestry difference  =  6.66, 95% CI  =  0.53, 12.78, P  =  .048) than nonparticipants. Overall, the pattern of clinical outcomes in this sample of adolescents with LBP was similar to that of adults with LBP.

Conclusions:
Adolescents with LBP due to sports participation received more treatment but experienced less improvement in disability than nonparticipants. This may indicate a worse prognosis for sports participants. Further research is required.
County-Level Atrazine Use and Gastroschisis
Authors: Krishnapura Sunaya R. , McNeer Elizabeth , Dupont William D. , Patrick Stephen W. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of gastroschisis, a birth defect involving the herniation of the small bowel through the abdominal wall, has increased in the US since the 1960s. The pesticide atrazine is a hypothesized cause of gastroschisis; however, examination of the association between atrazine and gastroschisis has been limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate national trends in gastroschisis incidence, maternal and infant characteristics associated with gastroschisis, and whether county-level atrazine use is associated with gastroschisis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, repeated cross-sectional study examined birth certificate data of all live births in the US and data on atrazine use from the US Geological Survey from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2019. The data analysis was performed between August 5, 2021, and May 26, 2023.ExposuresCounty-level atrazine use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was gastroschisis incidence. Covariates included maternal age, race and ethnicity, body mass index (measured by weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), parity, insurance type, Chlamydia infection during pregnancy, smoking, and rurality. Mixed-effects logistic regression models (year fixed effects and county random effects) were constructed using different county-level atrazine exposure variables (1-, 5-, and 10-year means).ResultsBetween 2009 and 2019, 39 282 566 live births were identified, with 10 527 infant diagnoses of gastroschisis. Infants with gastroschisis were more likely to have mothers who identified as non-Hispanic White (61% vs 54%; P &amp;lt; .001), had a lower body mass index (median [IQR], 23.4 [20.8-27.2] vs 25.4 [22.0-30.8]; P &amp;lt; .001), were more likely to be nulliparous (median [IQR], 0 [0-1] vs 1 [0-2]; P &amp;lt; .001), and were more commonly covered by Medicaid (63% vs 43%; P &amp;lt; .001). During the study period, the rate (per 1000 live births) of gastroschisis decreased from 0.31 (95% CI, 0.29-0.33) to 0.22 (95% CI, 0.21-0.24). The median (IQR) county-level atrazine use estimates were higher among infants with gastroschisis (1 year, 1389 [IQR, 198-10 162] vs 1023 [IQR, 167-6960] kg; 5 years, 1425 [IQR, 273-9895] vs 1057 [IQR, 199-6926] kg; 10 years, 1508 [IQR, 286-10 271] vs 1113 [IQR, 200-6650] kg; P &amp;lt; .001). In adjusted models, higher county levels of atrazine (each 100 000-kg increase) were associated with a higher incidence of gastroschisis (1 year: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.24]; 5 years: AOR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.30]; 10 years: AOR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07-1.38]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, higher county levels of atrazine were associated with infant diagnoses of gastroschisis. While atrazine is the second-most used herbicide in the US, numerous countries around the world have banned it out of concern for adverse effects on human health. These findings suggest that exploring alternatives to atrazine in the US may be warranted.