bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary on ‘The use of polymer‐based oral rehydration solutions for treating acute watery diarrhoea: should we change current practice?’ with a Response from the Review Authors
Authors: Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gregorio GV, Gonzales ML, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006519.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents’
Authors: Weiss Hans‐Rudolf , Turnbull (Goodall) Deborah 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Negrini S, Minozzi S, Bettany‐Saltikov J, Zaina F, Chockalingam N, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Romano M, Vasiliadis ES. Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006850. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006850.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Scaramuzza Andrea E. , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O'Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005103. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Antifungal therapy in infants and children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Blyth CC, Hale K, Palasanthiran P, O'Brien T, Bennett MH. Antifungal therapy in infants and children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006343. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006343.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characterizing ecohydrological and biogeochemical connectivity across multiple scales: a new conceptual framework
Authors: Wang Lixin , Zou Chris , O'Donnell Frances , Good Stephen , Franz Trenton , Miller Gretchen R. , Caylor Kelly K. , Cable Jessica M. , Bond Barbara 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe connectivity of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes across time and space is a critical determinant of ecosystem structure and function. However, characterizing cross‐scale connectivity is a challenge due to the lack of theories and modelling approaches that are applicable at multiple scales and due to our rudimentary understanding of the magnitude and dynamics of such connectivity. In this article, we present a conceptual framework for upscaling quantitative models of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes using electrical circuit analogies and the Thévenin's theorem. Any process with a feasible linear electrical circuit analogy can be represented in larger scale models as a simplified Thévenin equivalent. The Thévenin equivalent behaves identically to the original circuit, so the mechanistic features of the model are maintained at larger scales. We present three case applications: water transport, carbon transport, and nitrogen transport. These examples show that Thévenin's theorem could be a useful tool for upscaling models of interconnected ecohydrological and biogeochemical systems. It is also possible to investigate how disruptions in micro‐scale connectivity can affect macro‐scale processes. The utility of the Thévenin's theorem in environmental sciences is somewhat limited, because not all processes can be represented as linear electrical circuits. However, where it is applicable, it provides an inherently scalable and quantitative framework for describing ecohydrological connectivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding patterns of vegetation degradation at meaningful scales within saline landscapes
Authors: Callow J. N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of vegetation degradation in saline catchments has been a major challenge to ecohydrology researchers in the conservation biology, geomorphology and hydrology disciplines. Hydrologists have measured streamflow quantity and quality at point locations and modelled at the landscape or macro‐scale. Botanists have investigated species diversity, structure and patterns at the micro‐scale in transect studies. Yet, the reach‐scale is widely recognized as the most appropriate scale for management and considering geomorphology. As a result, links between streamflow salinity and vegetation condition and river health remain poorly understood in a spatial sense. This study uses digital multi‐spectral imagery (DMSI) collected along a freshening downstream salinity gradient in a southwestern Australian catchment affected by secondary dryland salinity. DMSI was collected over 59 km in a 1200‐m swath at the micro‐scale (2‐m pixels), and calibrated against field transect data from 12 sites across three sections (degraded, transitional and ‘locally healthy’) to map vegetation condition. Results show that measures of mean annual salinity cannot account for variability in vegetation condition, but peak salinity concentration maintained over a length of time similar to greenhouse trials of plant mortality (∼60 days) appears to be a physiologically meaningful descriptor of streamflow salinity. The 60‐day peak salinity concentration showed high correlation to patterns of vegetation condition and published plant salinity tolerance values. Remote‐sensed imagery that captures vegetative condition in combination with physiologically meaningful descriptors of streamflow salinity provides a powerful tool to identify the spatial patterns of vegetation degradation at meaningful management scales within a saline catchment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 1/11
Authors: Takenaka Nobuyuki , Edamatsu Hironori , Suzuki Noboru , Saito Hiromitsu , Inoue Yukiko , Oka Masahiro , Hu Lizhi , Kataoka Tohru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe cover image of this issue consists of a section of the dorsal skin of K5‐PLCε‐TG mice stained with anti‐PLCε antibody (red), with the nuclei visualized by DAPI staining (blue), and is taken from Takenaka et al. (pp. 202–213). In this article, the authors investigate the role of phospholipase Cε (PLCε) in skin inflammation by creating transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing PLCε in epidermal keratinocytes (K5: keratin 5 promoter). The authors show that the resulting transgenic mice spontaneously develop skin inflammation, and that this is correlated with an increased cytokines production, including IL‐23, by the keratinocytes, leading to the activation of IL‐22‐producing T cells.
Copy number variation and susceptibility to complex traits
Authors: Canales Cesar P. , Walz Katherina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCopy number variations (CNV) within the genome are extremely abundant. In this closeup, Canales and Walz discuss how CNV are associated with normal variation, genomic disorders, genome evolution, adaptive traits and how the use of a novel screen described by Ermakova et al in this issue that is designed to identify human disease‐relevant phenotypes associated with CNV in the mouse can help elucidating susceptibility or predisposition to diseases loci.See related article in EMBO Molecular Medicine by Olga Ermakova et al: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201000112
Modelling a cohesive‐frictional debris flow: an experimental, theoretical, and field‐based study
Authors: De Blasio Fabio Vittorio , Breien Hedda , Elverhøi Anders 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe rheology of debris flows is difficult to characterize owing to the varied composition and to the uneven distribution of the components that may range from clay to large boulders, in addition to water. Few studies have addressed debris flow rheology from observational, experimental, and theoretical viewpoints in conjunction. We present a coupled rheological‐numerical model to characterize the debris flows in which cohesive and frictional materials are both present. As a first step, we consider small‐scale artificial debris flows in a flume with variable percentages of clay versus sand, and measure separately the rheological properties of sand–clay mixtures. A comparison with the predictions of a modified version of the numerical model BING shows a reasonable agreement between measurements and simulations.As application to a field case, we analyse a recent debris flow that occurred in Fjærland (Western Norway) for which much information is now available. The event was caused by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) originating from the failure of a moraine ridge. In a previous contribution (Breien et al., Landslides, 2008, 5: 271–280) we focused on the hydrological and geomorphological aspects. In particular we documented the marked erosion and reported the change in sediment transport during the event. In contrast to the laboratory debris flows, the presence of large boulders and the higher normal pressure inside the natural debris flow requires the introduction of a novel rheological model that distinguishes between mud‐to–clast supported material. We present simulations with a modified BING model with the new cohesive‐frictional rheology. To account for the severe erosion operated by the debris flow on the colluvial deposits of Fjærland, we also suggest a simple model for erosion and bulking along the slope path. Numerical simulations suggest that a self‐sustaining mechanism could partly explain the extreme growth of debris flows running on a soft terrain.
The effect of fullerenes and functionalized fullerenes on Daphnia magna phototaxis and swimming behavior
Authors: Brausch Kathryn A , Anderson Todd A , Smith Philip N , Maul Jonathan D 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The effects of carbon fullerenes (C60) on the environment is a growing concern as the use of nanotechnology continues to increase. Previous studies have reported alteration in Daphnia magna behavior, including increased hopping frequency, heart rate, and appendage movement in response to tetrahydrofuran-solubilized C60 and increased hopping rate and appendage movement in response to tetrahydrofuran-solubilized C60HxC70Hx exposure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate effects of water-stirred C60 and sonicated carboxylic acid functionalized fullerenes (fC60) on D. magna behavior. Behavioral endpoints are important because changes in behavior can influence predator avoidance behaviors, alter predation risk, and potentially lead to population-level effects in D. magna. To evaluate the potential effect of fullerenes on phototactic behavior, D. magna were exposed to 545.4 µg/L C60 and 545.6 µg/L fC60, and vertical position was monitored. Daphnia magna were also exposed to 545.4 µg/L C60, 545.6 µg/L fC60, and 829.3 µg/L fC60, and swimming movements were recorded. Fullerenes altered the vertical migration response of D. magna to the addition of food, but D. magna vertical position response to predator cues was similar for fullerenes and controls. In addition, D. magna reduced swimming speed when exposed to C60, but other components of D. magna swimming behavior were not affected. This research supports previous findings and suggests that C60 may influence D. magna behavior and highlights the need for further research on sublethal behavioral modifications in aquatic organisms in response to nanomaterials. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:878–884. © 2010 SETAC
Anosognosia for memory deficit in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Galeone Filomena , Pappalardo Stella , Chieffi Sergio , Iavarone Alessandro , Carlomagno Sergio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveto investigate patterns of anosognosia for memory deficit in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methodsthe study involved twenty‐five subjects with MCI, 15 with mild AD and 21 normal controls (NC). Subjective rating of memory functioning was assessed with a six‐items questionnaire that was administered before and after memory testing; an informant version from caregivers gave a discrepancy score (SRD). In the Objective Judgement (OJ) task, aiming to evaluate memory‐monitoring abilities, subjects were requested three times to predict their memory performance in recalling words from a list of ten. Then they had to recall the words. Prediction accuracy was computed by subtracting the predicted performance from the actual performance.ResultsMCI and AD showed reduced awareness of memory difficulties at the SRD and did not change their rating of these difficulties after memory testing. At the OJ task, MCI and AD consistently overestimated their memory performances as compared with NC. The SRD and OJ measures were not correlated with some patients being impaired on only one measure. Only the OJ measure was significantly related to executive functioning.ConclusionsAD and MCI subjects show unawareness for memory deficit and significant memory‐monitoring disorder. This confirms that anosognosia is an important symptom of MCI. Similarities of patterns of impaired awareness between AD and MCI supports the view of a continuum of the anosognosia phenomenon in MCI and AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transcriptional response to chronic stress and glucocorticoid receptor blockade in the hippocampal dentate gyrus
Authors: Datson Nicole A. , Speksnijder Niels , Mayer Joseph L. , Steenbergen Peter J. , Korobko Oksana , Goeman Jelle , de Kloet E. Ronald , Joëls Marian , Lucassen Paul J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus plays a crucial role in learning and memory. This subregion is unique in its ability to generate new neurons throughout life and integrate these new neurons into the hippocampal circuitry. Neurogenesis has further been implicated in hippocampal plasticity and depression. Exposure to chronic stress affects DG function and morphology and suppresses neurogenesis and long‐term potentiation (LTP) with consequences for cognition. Previous studies demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade by a brief treatment with the GR antagonist mifepristone (RU486) rapidly reverses the stress and glucocorticoid effects on neurogenesis. The molecular pathways underlying both the stress‐induced effects and the RU486 effects on the DG are, however, largely unknown. The aim of this study was therefore (1) to investigate by microarray analysis which genes and pathways in the DG are sensitive to chronic stress and (2) to investigate to what extent blockade of GR can normalize these stress‐induced effects on DG gene expression. Chronic stress exposure affected the expression of 90 genes in the DG (P < 0.01), with an overrepresentation of genes involved in brain development and morphogenesis and synaptic transmission. RU486 treatment of stressed animals affected expression of 107 genes; however, mostly different genes than those responding to stress. Interestingly, we found CREBBP to be normalized by RU486 treatment to levels observed in control animals, suggesting that CREB‐signaling may play a central role in mediating the chronic stress effects on neurogenesis, LTP and calcium currents. The identified genetic pathways provide insight into the stress‐induced adaptive plasticity of the hippocampal DG that is so central in learning and memory and will direct future studies on the functional outcome and modulation of these stress effects.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rainfall, fog and throughfall dynamics in a subtropical ridge top cloud forest, National Park of Garajonay (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain)
Authors: García‐Santos G. , Bruijnzeel L. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMixed tree‐heath/beech forest is a type of subtropical montane cloud forest found on wind‐ and fog‐exposed ridges in the Canary Islands. With a dry season of 5 months and an annual precipitation of 600–700 mm, the extra water inputs through fog interception assume particular importance in this environment. Measurements were made of rainfall, fog occurrence, wind speed and direction as well as of throughfall (TF) in a ridge top cloud forest located near the centre of the National Park of Garajonay on the island of La Gomera. Measured amounts of incident rainfall were corrected for wind‐induced losses around the gauge and for topographic effects. Amounts of fog water as collected by a 0·25‐m2 fog screen were corrected for changes in effective screen surface collection area depending on wind direction. No such corrections were taken into account in most if not all previous studies of rainfall and fog water inputs in the Canary Islands. TF fractions differed between events with rain‐only (87% of wind‐corrected rainfall), fog‐only (∼6% of wind‐corrected fog) and mixed precipitation (110%). It is concluded that the fog screen was more efficient at capturing fog water than the forest canopy, whereas previous wetting of the canopy and bryophytes by rain may have caused the higher TF fraction found on days with rainfall and fog. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M&A resurgence: Good or bad?
Authors: Gaughan Patrick A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Great Recession has officially been declared to have ended in June 2009. Many companies are flush with cash. But it has been a jobless recovery, and consumers have remained on the sidelines during the recession and weak recovery. Companies may remain cautious until consumers begin spending again. And instead of using their cash to repurchase stock or produce higher dividends for investors, many companies want to spend their cash buying other companies. But is this strategy good or bad for corporate America? And are CEOs promoting questionable deals to line their own pockets with money?. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
M&A update
Authors: Sánchez Carol , Seeber Christina D. , Goldberg Stephen R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMost of 2009 was slow for mergers and acquisitions (M&As), due to financial turmoil and economic uncertainty that carried over from late 2008. But the deal market rebounded in the fourth quarter of 2009, and 2010 appears to be much better for M&As than 2009. Yet while the global economy shows signs of recovery, and many buyers and sellers are flush with cash, M&A activity may begin slowly in the United States in 2011‐due to uncertainty about the business outlook and potential tax changes.How healthy is current deal making? And what is the short‐ and long‐term outlook for M&As?. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creative M&A deals for a tough economy
Authors: Martin Dale R. , Wathen Michael M. , Cotter James F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe economy has greatly hindered merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) deal makers over the past few years. But deals are still being made‐especially when both parties are willing to be creative in structuring the deal. Then the lack of cash and credit can be overcome. The authors look at some of the innovative deal structures being used to overcome obstacles of our tough, slumping economy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaboration: An alternative to M&As
Authors: Venema William H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract“If you do not seek out allies and helpers, then you will be isolated and weak.” So wrote Sun Tzu in his classic ancient text The Art of War. And it suggests an alternative to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in these economically challenging times: collaboration.Every business will encounter gaps in its knowledge and resources. If structured properly, collaboration can bridge those gaps. The author looks at some recent examples of collaboration and explains what you need to know to make this strategy work for your company. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
M&A prophecy: One year later
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. , Badillo Alejandro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLast year, the authors wrote an article for JCAF entitled “Is the M&A Market Back?” They were not sure if the glass was half full or half empty. Now, a year later, they look back at their predictions. Were they accurate? And what does the future hold? © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The new financial statement presentation format
Authors: Olsen Lori , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn any proposed merger or acquisition, the buyer must critically examine the target company's financial statements. But the way financial statements are presented can frustrate a buyer, who needs clear and precise information about the target company. Now the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board are working on a joint project to improve how financial statement information is organized and presented. The authors look at this work and give some examples of the new financial statement presentations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lost knowledge—What is the cost?
Authors: Trugman‐Nikol Gail L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere have been warnings for years about the unprecedented loss of knowledge and expertise that will occur when the baby boomers retire—which could bring a potentially catastrophic effect on businesses and government. Why? Most companies don't understand the most effective and efficient way to “transfer knowledge” from one employee to another or even how to begin a project of this magnitude. This article offers information on how to plan for this problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gold nanoparticle formation using Shewanella oneidensis: a fast biosorption and slow reduction process
Authors: De Corte Simon , Hennebel Tom , Verschuere Stephanie , Cuvelier Claude , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The metal respiring bacterium Shewanella oneidensis has previously been used for reduction of Pd(II) into Pd(0) nanoparticles. This study investigated whether Shewanella oneidensis could also perform the reduction of Au(III) to Au(0). The kinetics of both the biosorption and reduction of Au(III) were studied.RESULTS: Biosorption of Au(III) was a fast and efficient process, and depended on the presence of an electron donor, the pH and the medium used. The reduction process, however, appeared to be a slow process, requiring the presence of an electron donor. As reduction also occurred in heat‐killed cells, it is suggested that the reduction is non‐enzymatic. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1 Au(III), the nanoparticles were mainly smaller than 10 nm and precipitated intracellularly. With H2 as the electron donor, it was shown that the location of the particles and the size could be steered by changing the concentration of Au(III).CONCLUSIONS: After a fast biosorption and slow reduction process, Au(0)‐nanoparticles were formed inside the cells or on the cell wall of Shewanella oneidensis. In most cases, these particles had interesting properties, such as small size and a narrow size distribution, which can make them suitable for applications in, for example, catalysis. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry