bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing diversity in adolescent sexual and reproductive health services
Authors: Laski Laura , Wong Sylvia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe social, economic, and biological events that mark adolescence profoundly influence and shape future adult lives. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, education, and other social programs are needed to support young people for a healthy start. As adolescents transition into adulthood, SRH programs and services that have skilled health providers, in combination with other social services including comprehensive sexuality education, can help prevent unwanted pregnancies, maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Programs and services can also provide counseling to prevent sexual violence and abuse and deal with its consequences. Adolescent SRH programs can be more effective if the demographic diversity of this age group is studied. Vulnerable adolescents should be targeted as priority recipients of youth‐friendly SRH and other social support services. Data demonstrate that adolescent girls living in rural areas who are not in school and who are often married as children are vulnerable to maternal mortality and morbidity, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, HIV infection, and sexual violence and abuse. Building adolescent capacities and opportunities requires programs that support adolescent social, economic, and health assets so that they can contribute socially and economically to their societies. A healthy adolescent population is critical for low‐resource countries, where a rising proportion of the population is under 24 years of age. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of SRH programs detailed at the FIGO World Congress in 2009 are discussed.
Identification of Binocular Vision Dysfunction (Vertical Heterophoria) in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients and Effects of Individualized Prismatic Spectacle Lenses in the Treatment of Postconcussive Symptoms: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Doble Jennifer E. , Feinberg Debby L. , Rosner Mark S. , Rosner Arthur J. 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveTo identify a form of binocular vision dysfunction (vertical heterophoria) in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population and to assess the effect of individualized prismatic spectacle lenses on postconcussive symptoms.DesignRetrospective study.SettingPrivate physical medicine and rehabilitation practice and private optometric practice.PatientsA subset of TBI patients who were initially evaluated by a single physiatrist and who received standard treatments and medications yet had persistent postconcussive symptoms. These patients were then assessed by a single optometrist, and those found to have vertical heterophoria were treated with individualized prismatic spectacle lenses. A total of 83 patients were referred for testing; 77 were positive for vertical heterophoria on screening, of which 43 had complete data sets and were included for analysis.InterventionsAll patients were treated with individualized prismatic spectacle lenses to correct for vertical heterophoria.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcomes were measured by the difference in score before and after intervention of an objective, self‐administered vertical heterophoria symptom burden instrument (Vertical Heterophoria Symptom Questionnaire [VHS‐Q], presently undergoing validation) and by subjective improvement in symptoms as expressed by the patient at the end of intervention.ResultsThere was a 71.8% decrease in subjective symptom burden when compared with preintervention baseline. There was a mean 16.7 point absolute reduction in the VHS‐Q score on a 75‐point scale, which represents a relative reduction in VHS‐Q score of 48.1%.ConclusionVertical heterophoria was identified in a group of TBI patients with postconcussive symptoms and treatment of the vertical heterophoria with individualized prismatic spectacle lenses resulted in a 71.8% decrease in subjective symptom burden and a relative reduction in VHS‐Q score of 48.1%. It appears that vertical heterophoria can be acquired from TBI.
Prognostic Differences for Functional Recovery After Major Lower Limb Amputation: Effects of the Timing and Type of Inpatient Rehabilitation Services in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Stineman Margaret G. , Kwong Pui L. , Xie Dawei , Kurichi Jibby E. , Ripley Diane Cowper , Brooks David M. , Bidelspach Douglas E. , Bates Barbara E. 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveTo compare the recovery of mobility and self‐care functions among veteran amputees according to the timing and type of rehabilitation services received.DesignObservational study of inpatient rehabilitation care patterns of 2 types (specialized and consultative) with 2 timings (early and late).SettingData from inpatient specialized rehabilitation units (SRUs) and consultative services within 95 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers across the United States during fiscal years 2003 to 2004.PatientsMedical records of 1502 patients who received early or late consultative or specialized rehabilitation.Assessment of Risk FactorsHypotheses were established and general categories of negative and positive risk factors specified a priori from available clinical characteristics. Linear mixed effects models were used to model motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain scores on patient‐level variables accounting for the correlation within the same facility.Main Outcome MeasuresRecovery of activities of daily living (ADLs) and mobility (physical functioning) expressed as the magnitudes of gains in motor FIM scores achieved by rehabilitation discharge.ResultsAfter adjustment, amputees who received specialized rehabilitation had motor FIM gains that were on average 8.0 points greater than those for amputees who received consultative rehabilitation. Although patients whose rehabilitation was delayed until after discharge from the index surgical stay tended to be more clinically complex, they had gains comparable to those of patients who received early rehabilitation. Advanced age, transfemoral amputation, paralysis, serious nutritional compromise, and psychosis were associated with lower motor FIM gains. The variance for the random effect for facility was statistically significant, suggesting extraneous variation within facility that was not explainable by observed patient‐level variables.ConclusionOn the basis of this analysis, those patients who receive specialized rehabilitation can be expected to make comparatively greater gains than patients who receive consultative services, regardless of timing and clinical complexity. Findings highlight the need for clinicians to adjust prognostic expectations to both clinical severity and the type of rehabilitation that patients receive.
Efficacy and Safety of Hylan G‐F 20 for Symptomatic Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: A Prospective, Pilot Study
Authors: Brander Victoria Anne , Gomberawalla Ameer , Chambers Michelle , Bowen Mark , Nuber Gordon 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of 2 intra‐articular, fluoroscopically guided hylan G‐F 20 injections for painful glenohumeral osteoarthritis.DesignThis study was a prospective open‐label pilot investigation with both U.S. Food and Drug Administration and institutional review board approval.SettingPrivate, outpatient practice within a tertiary care, university medical school.ParticipantsThirty‐six subjects with moderate to severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis, with pain (visual analog scale [VAS] 40 mm or greater) despite following a 3‐month standard, nonsurgical treatment program.InterventionsTwo injections of 2 mL hylan G‐F 20, under fluoroscopic guidance confirmed by arthrography, 2 weeks apart. No new treatments were allowed during the course of the study. Analgesics were discontinued 24 hours before visits.Main Outcome MeasurementsData collected were radiographs; rotator cuff integrity as determined with magnetic resonance imaging; VAS for pain at rest, at night, and with activity; and shoulder‐related quality of life (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index [WORC]). Subjects were re‐evaluated after each injection and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Changes from baseline for VAS and WORC were recorded in Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Intent‐to‐treat analysis was performed. The type and severity of adverse events were recorded.ResultsMean VAS at baseline was 63 mm (SD 14.5). Clinically (≥20% improvement) and statistically significant improvements (P < .001) in VAS pain were seen at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Mean improvement in WORC at 6 months was 16.5 (P < .01), with most gains in “lifestyle” and “emotion” questions. Age, gender, body mass index, and rotator cuff pathology did not correlate with response. Three subjects described heightened pain for a few days after injections. Three subjects reported greater pain at 6 months and were unsatisfied. Four experienced no effect of treatment. There were no inflammatory reactions.ConclusionTwo hylan G‐F 20 injections improved pain and function, and should be considered as part of a multimodal shoulder osteoarthritis treatment program.
Why Ethical Philosophy Needs to Be Comparative
Authors: Kupperman Joel J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrinciples can seem as entrenched in moral experience as Kant thinks space, time, and the categories are in human experience of the world. However not all cultures have such a view. Classical Indian and Chinese philosophies treat modification of the self as central to ethics. Decisions in particular cases and underlying principles are much less discussed.Ethics needs comparative philosophy in order not to be narrow in its concerns. A broader view can give weight to how people sometimes can change who they are, in order to lead better lives.
Classical Rhetorical Arrangement and Reasoning in the Talmud: The Case of Yerushalmi Berakhot 1:1
Authors: Hidary Richard 
Published: April 2010

Saul Lieberman has shown that various aspects of Greco-Roman culture were pervasive not only among more Hellenized Jews of the first centuries CE, but that even “the Rabbis of Palestine were familiar with the fashionable style of the civilized world of that time. Many of them were highly educated in Greek literature. … They spoke to the people in their language and in their style.” An integral part of this culture involved the study of rhetoric, a staple of higher education throughout the Roman Empire.
Matching method with theory in person-oriented developmental psychopathology research
Authors: Sterba Sonya K. , Bauer Daniel J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe person-oriented approach seeks to match theories and methods that portray development as a holistic, highly interactional, and individualized process. Over the past decade, this approach has gained popularity in developmental psychopathology research, particularly as model-based varieties of person-oriented methods have emerged. Although these methods allow some principles of person-oriented theory to be tested, little attention has been paid to the fact that these methods cannot test other principles, and may actually be inconsistent with certain principles. Lacking clarification regarding which aspects of person-oriented theory are testable under which person-oriented methods, assumptions of the methods have sometimes been presented as testable hypotheses or interpreted as affirming the theory. This general blurring of the line between person-oriented theory and method has even led to the occasional perception that the method is the theory and vice versa. We review assumptions, strengths, and limitations of model-based person-oriented methods, clarifying which theoretical principles they can test and the compromises and trade-offs required to do so.
Closing the gap between person-oriented theory and methods
Authors: Mun Eun Young , Bates Marsha E. , Vaschillo Evgeny 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSterba and Bauer's Keynote Article discusses the blurred distinction between theoretical principles and analytical methods in the person-oriented approach as problematic and review which of the person-oriented principles are testable under the four types of latent variable models for longitudinal data. Although the issue is important, some arbitrariness exists in determining whether a given principle can be tested within each analytic approach. To close the gap between person-oriented theory and methods and to extend the person-oriented approach more generally, it is necessary to embrace both variable-oriented and person-oriented methods because it is not the individual analytic methods but how studies are implemented as a whole that defines the person-oriented approach. Three areas in developmental psychopathology are discussed in which variable-oriented and person-oriented methods can be complementary. The need to better understand the target system using an appropriate person-specific tool is graphically illustrated. Several concepts of dynamic systems such as attractors, phase transitions, and control parameters are illustrated using experimentally perturbed cardiac rhythms (heart rate variability) as an example in the context of translational alcohol research.
Steps substantive researchers can take to build a scientifically strong case for the existence of trajectory groups
Authors: Ialongo Nicholas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSterba and Bauer's Keynote Article does a superb job of reviewing the “… assumptions, strengths, and limitations of model-based person-oriented methods—clarifying which theoretical principles [researchers] can test and the compromises and trade-offs required to do so.” Their writing is exceptionally clear, and the examples given highly instructive. At the same time, their arguments may be so convincing that the reader may be reluctant to pursue person-oriented analyses in a longitudinal context. The purpose of this Commentary is not to contradict Sterba and Bauer's arguments but to briefly review the steps that substantive researchers can take in building a scientifically strong case for either assuming continuously varied growth “… or that [trajectory groups] actually exist” according to Raudenbush. These steps have been elaborated in a series of papers by Muthén and colleagues, but it is useful to briefly review them here.
Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: A mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support
Authors: Appleyard Karen , Yang Chongming , Runyan Desmond K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal mediated and mediated moderation pathways among maltreatment, self-perception (i.e., loneliness and self-esteem), social support, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For both genders, early childhood maltreatment (i.e., ages 0–6) was related directly to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6, and later maltreatment (i.e., ages 6–8) was directly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Results of concurrent mediation and mediated moderation indicated that early maltreatment was significantly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6 indirectly both through age 6 loneliness and self-esteem for boys and through age 6 loneliness for girls. Significant moderation of the pathway from early maltreatment to self-esteem, and for boys, significant mediated moderation to emotional and behavioral problems were found, such that the mediated effect through self-esteem varied across levels of social support, though in an unexpected direction. No significant longitudinal mediation or mediated moderation was found, however, between the age 6 mediators and moderator and internalizing or externalizing problems at age 8. The roles of the hypothesized mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed, with implications for designing intervention and prevention programs.
Testing a social ecological model for relations between political violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Merrilees Christine E. , Schermerhorn Alice C. , Goeke-Morey Marcie C. , Shirlow Peter , Cairns Ed 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRelations between political violence and child adjustment are matters of international concern. Past research demonstrates the significance of community, family, and child psychological processes in child adjustment, supporting study of interrelations between multiple social ecological factors and child adjustment in contexts of political violence. Testing a social ecological model, 300 mothers and their children (M= 12.28 years,SD= 1.77) from Catholic and Protestant working class neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed measures of community discord, family relations, and children's regulatory processes (i.e., emotional security) and outcomes. Historical political violence in neighborhoods based on objective records (i.e., politically motivated deaths) were related to family members' reports of current sectarian antisocial behavior and nonsectarian antisocial behavior. Interparental conflict and parental monitoring and children's emotional security about both the community and family contributed to explanatory pathways for relations between sectarian antisocial behavior in communities and children's adjustment problems. The discussion evaluates support for social ecological models for relations between political violence and child adjustment and its implications for understanding relations in other parts of the world.
Trajectories of desistance and continuity in antisocial behavior following court adjudication among serious adolescent offenders
Authors: Mulvey Edward P. , Steinberg Laurence , Piquero Alex R. , Besana Michelle , Fagan Jeffrey , Schubert Carol , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBecause many serious adolescent offenders reduce their antisocial behavior after court involvement, understanding the patterns and mechanisms of the process of desistance from criminal activity is essential for developing effective interventions and legal policy. This study examined patterns of self-reported antisocial behavior over a 3-year period after court involvement in a sample of 1,119 serious male adolescent offenders. Using growth mixture models, and incorporating time at risk for offending in the community, we identified five trajectory groups, including a “persister” group (8.7% of the sample) and a “desister” group (14.6% of the sample). Case characteristics (age, ethnicity, antisocial history, deviant peers, a criminal father, substance use, psychosocial maturity) differentiated the five trajectory groups well, but did not effectively differentiate the persisting from desisting group. We show that even the most serious adolescent offenders report relatively low levels of antisocial activity after court involvement, but that distinguishing effectively between high-frequency offenders who desist and those who persist requires further consideration of potentially important dynamic factors related to this process.
Trauma and resilience in young refugees: A 9-year follow-up study
Authors: Montgomery Edith 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess and understand the long-term trajectory of psychological problems among young Middle Eastern refugees in Denmark. Participants were 131 young refugees from the Middle East (76 girls, 55 boys; mean age = 15.3 years) from 67 families. They were assessed first on arrival in Denmark in 1992–1993 and again 8–9 years later. The high prevalence of psychological problems at arrival was considerably reduced by the time of follow-up, but it was still somewhat higher than what has been found in most community studies using the same assessment tools. Groups of children differed in showing low levels of symptoms at arrival that were stable (spared) or increased (reacting) and high levels at arrival that persisted (traumatized) or decreased (adapted). The number of types of traumatic experiences before arrival distinguished the spared and the traumatized young refugees and the number of types of stressful events after arrival the adapted and the traumatized, also after corrections for age, sex, specific traumatic events, parents' education and health, and the social situation of the young refugees. The study emphasizes the importance of environmental factors for healthy long-term adaptation after traumatic experiences related to war and other organized violence.
New Executive Director Selected
Authors: Grove Timothy L. 
Published: April 2010

Christine W. McEntee will join AGU on 30 August as the Union's third executive director. She has been executive vice president and chief executive officer of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) since February 2006.We are very fortunate to have McEntee join us at this stage in AGU's transformation to an inclusive, participative organization. We are also excited about her outreach expertise and ability to help AGU become an authoritative voice of Earth and space science. She is definitely up to the challenge after having successfully accomplished a similar result at AIA.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization among Healthcare Professionals in an Urban Teaching Hospital
Authors: Elie-Turenne Marie-Carmelle , Fernandes Helen , Mediavilla José R. , Rosenthal Marnie , Mathema Barun , Singh Ashima , Cohen Tiffany R. , Pawar Kimmerle A. , Shahidi Hosseinali , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Deitch Edwin A. 
Published: April 2010

Objective.To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among healthcare professionals (HCPs) who experience varying degrees of exposure to ambulatory patients and to genetically characterize isolates.Methods.This single-center, cross-sectional study enrolled 256 staff from the intensive care units, emergency department, and prehospital services of an urban tertiary care university hospital in 2008. Occupational histories and nasal samples for S. aureus cultures were obtained. S. aureus isolates were genetically characterized with the use of spa typing and screened for mecA. MRSA isolates underwent further characterization.Results.S. aureus was isolated from 112 of 256 (43.8%) HCPs, including 30 of 52 (57.7%) paramedics, 51 of 124 (41.1%) nurses, 11 of 28 (39.3%) clerical workers, and 20 of 52 (38.5%) physicians. MRSA was isolated from 17 (6.6%) HCPs, including 1 (1.9%) paramedic, 13 (10.5%) nurses, 1 (3.6%) clerical worker, and 2 (3.8%) physicians. Among S. aureus isolates, 15.2% were MRSA. MRSA prevalence was 9.6% (12/125) in emergency department workers, 5.1% (4/79) in intensive care unit workers, and 1.9% (1/52) in emergency medical services workers. Compared with paramedics, who had the lowest prevalence of methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates (1 of 30 [3.3%] isolates), nurses, who had the highest prevalence (13 of 51 [25.4%] isolates), had an odds ratio of 9.92 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-435.86; P = .02) for methicillin resistance. Analysis of 15 MRSA isolates revealed 7 USA100 strains, 6 USA300 strains, 1 USA800 strain, and 1 EMRSA-15 strain. All USA300 strains were isolated from emergency department personnel.Conclusions.The observed prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization among HCPs exceeds previously reported prevalences in the general population. The proportion of community-associated MRSA among all MRSA in this colonized HCP cohort reflects the distribution of the USA300 community-associated strain observed increasingly among US hospitalized patients.