bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability during transportation of horses by road and air
Authors: Ohmura Hajime , Hobo Seiji , Hiraga Atsushi , Jones James H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the influence of transportation by road and air on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in horses.
Animals—6 healthy horses.
Procedures—ECG recordings were obtained from horses before (quarantine with stall rest [Q]; 24 hours) and during a journey that included transportation by road (RT; 4.5 hours), waiting on the ground in an air stall (W; 5.5 hours), and transportation by air (AT; 11 hours); HR was determined, and HRV indices of autonomic nervous activity (low-frequency [LF; 0.01 to 0.07 Hz] and high-frequency [HF; 0.07 to 0.6 Hz] power) were calculated.
Results—Mean ± SD HRs during Q, RT, W, and AT were 38.9 ± 1.5 beats/min, 41.7 ± 5.6 beats/min, 41.5 ± 4.3 beats/min, and 48.8 ± 5.6 beats/min, respectively; HR during AT was significantly higher than HR during Q. The LF power was significantly higher during Q (3,454 ± 1,087 milliseconds2) and AT (3,101 ± 567 milliseconds2) than it was during RT (1,824 ± 432 milliseconds2) and W (2,072 ± 616 milliseconds2). During Q, RT, W, and AT, neither HF powers (range, 509 to 927 milliseconds2) nor LF:HF ratios (range, 4.1 to 6.2) differed significantly. The HR during RT was highly correlated with LF power (R2 = 0.979), and HR during AT was moderately correlated with the LF:HF ratio (R2 = 0.477).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, HR and HRV indices during RT and AT differed, suggesting that exposure to different stressors results in different autonomic nervous influences on HR.
Effect of hypothyroidism on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in dogs
Authors: Hofer-Inteeworn Natalie , Panciera David L. , Monroe William E. , Saker Korinn E. , Davies Rebecca Hegstad , Refsal Kent R. , Kemnitz Joseph W. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of hypothyroidism on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and concentrations of hormones counter-regulatory to insulin in dogs.
Animals—8 anestrous mixed-breed bitches with experimentally induced hypothyroidism and 8 euthyroid control dogs.
Procedures—The insulin-modified frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis were used to determine basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, acute insulin response to glucose, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and disposition index. Growth hormone response was assessed by stimulation and suppression tests. Additionally, basal serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations and urine cortisol-to-creatinine concentration ratios were measured and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed to evaluate body composition.
Results—Insulin sensitivity was lower in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group, whereas acute insulin response to glucose was higher. Glucose effectiveness and disposition index were not different between groups. Basal serum GH and IGF-1 concentrations as well as abdominal fat content were high in hypothyroid dogs, but urine cortisol-to-creatinine concentration ratios were unchanged.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypothyroidism appeared to negatively affect glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin resistance, but overall glucose tolerance was maintained by increased insulin secretion in hypothyroid dogs. Possible factors affecting insulin sensitivity are high serum GH and IGF-1 concentrations and an increase in abdominal fat. In dogs with diseases involving impaired insulin secretion such as diabetes mellitus, concurrent hypothyroidism can have important clinical implications.
Fluorophotometric determination of aqueous humor flow rates in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Ward Daniel A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine aqueous humor flow rate (AHFR) in an avian species by use of anterior segment fluorophotometry.
Animals—9 healthy red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis; 4 males and 5 females) that ranged from 8 months to 8 years of age.
Procedures—A protocol was developed for fluorophotometric determination of AHFR. Topical administration of 10% fluorescein was used to load the corneas, and corneal and aqueous humor fluorescein concentrations were measured approximately 5, 6.5, and 8 hours later. Concentration-versus-time plots were generated, and slopes and cornea-to-aqueous humor concentration ratios from these plots were used to manually calculate flow rates.
Results—Mean ± SD AHFRs for the right eye, left eye, and both eyes were 3.17 ± 1.36 μL/min (range, 1.67 to 6.21 μL/min), 2.86 ± 0.88 μL/min (range, 2.04 to 4.30 μL/min), and 2.90 ± 0.90 μL/min (range, 1.67 to 4.42 μL/min), respectively. The AHFRs were similar for right and left eyes. These flow rates represented a mean aqueous humor transfer coefficient of 0.0082/min, which is similar to that of mammalian species.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The AHFR in red-tailed hawks was similar to that of most mammalian species, and the fractional egress was almost identical to that of other species. This information will allow a greater understanding of aqueous humor flow in avian eyes, which is crucial when evaluating diseases that affect avian eyes as well as medications that alter aqueous humor flow.
Dose determination of fondaparinux in healthy cats
Authors: Fiakpui Nonya N. , Hogan Daniel F. , Whittem Ted , Green III Henry W. , Shipley Eryn A. , Sederquist Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To establish practical doses and administration frequencies of fondaparinux for cats that would approximate human therapeutic peak and trough plasma anti–factor Xa activities for thromboprophylaxis (TP) and thrombosis treatment (TT) protocols.
Animals—6 healthy adult purpose-bred cats.
Procedures—Dosage protocols for TP and TT were selected on the basis of a single compartment pharmacokinetic model incorporating data from humans but modified to account for the higher body weight–normalized cardiac output of cats. Fondaparinux was administered at 0.06 mg/kg, SC, every 12 hours (TP) for 7 days in one session, and 0.20 mg/kg, SC, every 12 hours (TT) for 7 days in another, with a minimum of 1 week separating the sessions. Plasma anti–factor Xa activity was measured before fondaparinux administration (day 1) and at 2 (peak) and 12 (trough) hours after drug administration on days 1 and 7. Platelet aggregation and thromobelastographic (TEG) parameters were also measured 2 hours after drug administration on day 7.
Results—Peak plasma anti–factor Xa activities on day 7 for TP (median, 0.59 mg/L; range, 0.36 to 0.77 mg/L) and TT (median, 1.66 mg/L; range, 1.52 to 2.00 mg/L) protocols were within therapeutic ranges for humans. However, only the TP protocol achieved trough anti–factor Xa activity considered therapeutic in humans (median, 0.19 mg/L; range, 0.00 to 0.37 mg/L) on day 7. There were significant changes in the TEG parameters at peak for the TT protocol, suggesting a hypocoagulable state. No significant changes in platelet aggregation were evident for either protocol.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A fondaparinux dosage of 0.06 or 0.20 mg/kg, SC, every 12 hours, was sufficient to achieve a peak plasma anti–factor Xa activity in cats that has been deemed therapeutic in humans. This study provided preliminary data necessary to perform fondaparinux dose-determination and clinical efficacy studies.
Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of selamectin following topical administration in flea-infested rabbits
Authors: Carpenter James W. , Dryden Michael W. , KuKanich Butch 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of topically administered selamectin in flea-infested rabbits.
Animals—18 healthy 5-month-old New Zealand White rabbits.
Procedures—On day 0, rabbits (n = 6/group) received topically applied selamectin at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg or received no treatment. Each rabbit was infested with 50 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on days −1, 7, and 14. Live and dead flea counts were performed on days 2, 9, and 16, and treatment efficacy was calculated. Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration and at 6 and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment for determination of plasma selamectin concentrations via high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined.
Results—On day 2, efficacy of selamectin against flea populations of rabbits in the 10 and 20 mg/kg treatment groups was 91.3% and 97.1%, respectively, but by day 9, these values decreased to 37.7% and 74.2%, respectively. Mean terminal half-life and maximum plasma concentrations of selamectin were 0.93 days and 91.7 ng/mL, respectively, for rabbits in the 10 mg/kg group and 0.97 days and 304.2 ng/mL, respectively, for rabbits in the 20 mg/kg group. No adverse effects were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Selamectin was rapidly absorbed transdermally and was rapidly eliminated in rabbits. Results suggested that topical administration at a dosage of 20 mg/kg every 7 days is efficacious for treatment of flea infestation in rabbits. Further studies are needed to assess long-term safety in rabbits following repeated applications.
Pollen Counts in Slavonski Brod, Croatia During the Pollination Period 2008 to 2010
Authors: Nadih Martina , Knežević Zvonimira , Josipović Renata , Grgić Ivanka , Cvitković Ante 
Published: March 2012

Pollen Counts in Slavonski Brod, Croatia During the Pollination Period 2008 to 2010Hay fever or pollinosis is the allergic reaction of the human body to allergic pollen grains and is a seasonal phenomenon. Pollen concentrations depend on the climate, geographic features, and vegetation. Trees, grass, and weed pollinosis is frequent in Croatia, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia L.) pollinosis in particular. Continuous monitoring of pollen air concentrations can provide timely information to the general public and can help sensitised patients and their physicians to prevent or alleviate allergic reactions. This is the task of health ecology services such as our Public Health Institute of the Brod-Posavina County. This article reports pollen concentrations in Slavonski Brod measured in March 2008 to November 2008, March 2009 to October 2009, and April 2010 to October 2010 and discusses the increasing exposure to ragweed and ways to control it.
The Use of Mercury-Based Medical Devices Across Croatian Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Holcer Nataša , Maričević Marija , Miočić-Juran Anamarija 
Published: March 2012

The Use of Mercury-Based Medical Devices Across Croatian Healthcare FacilitiesIn 2009, we conducted a survey to assess the use of mercury-based thermometers and sphygmomanometers and their disposal in Croatian healthcare facilities. The questionnaire addressing the use of mercury-based medical devices, waste management, preferences between mercury-based and electronic devices, and the knowledge on mercury toxicity was filled by ward nurses affiliated with 40 (71.4 %) out of 56 contacted healthcare facilities. Only one of these facilities had given up the use of mercury-containing medical devices at the time. As many as 84.6 % of the nurses believed that broken devices did not increase the risk of mercury exposure, even though 90 % claimed they were aware of mercury toxicity. In fact, 69.4 % of the nurses preferred mercury-containing devices on account of their precision and reliability and because they received little training in the use of electronic devices.Breaking of thermometers and sphygmomanometers is common in healthcare facilities. The number of broken thermometers and sphygmomanometers was estimated to 278 and five per month, respectively. Only 18 (46.2 %) of the surveyed healthcare facilities claimed to have had a proper disposal procedure for mercury from broken devices. Nurses, who most often handle these devices and collect mercury spills, are primarily exposed to mercury vapours via inhalation. Croatia has adopted the EU Directive 76/769/EEC intended to reduce mercury exposure in the living and working environment. Our survey suggests that all healthcare professionals need training in proper management of broken mercury-based medical devices, nurses in particular. To reduce the risk of exposure, all Croatian healthcare facilities should implement guidelines for staff protection and programmes to gradually replace mercury-based with electronic devices.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (DPP IV/CD26)
Authors: Pučar Lara , Detel Dijana , Varljen Jadranka 
Published: March 2012

Dipeptidil-peptidaza IV (DPP IV/CD26) i upalne bolesti crijevaUpalne bolesti crijeva (Crohnova bolest, ulcerozni kolitis, nedeterminirani kolitis) skupina su kroničnih autoimunosnih upalnih bolesti obilježenih ponavljanim upalama različitih dijelova gastrointestinalnog trakta koje su važan javnozdravstveni problem današnjice. Unatoč brojnim temeljnim i kliničkim istraživanjima etiologija ovih bolesti, kao i sama patogeneza upale ostaju nedovoljno razjašnjene. Dosadašnja su istraživanja potvrdila uzročno-posljedičnu vezu između medijatora upalnog odgovora i molekula uključenih u regulaciju njihove biološke aktivnosti, osobito proteaza. Cilj ovoga preglednog rada jest sažeti prikaz dosadašnjih saznanja o različitim aspektima upalnih bolesti crijeva, s posebnim naglaskom na potencijalnu ulogu i uključenost dipeptidil-peptidaze IV, odnosno molekule CD26 (DPP IV/CD26) u mehanizme nastanka upalnih procesa u probavnom sustavu. Dan je i pregled životinjskih modela kolitisa koji su znatno pridonijeli razumijevanju i terapiji ovih bolesti, s osobitim naglaskom na mišji model ulceroznog kolitisa (DSS-kolitis) te Crohnove bolesti (TNBS-kolitis).
Effects of Myosmine on Antioxidative Defence in Rat Liver
Authors: Simeonova Rumyana , Vitcheva Vessela , Gorneva Galina , Mitcheva Mitka 
Published: March 2012

Effects of Myosmine on Antioxidative Defence in Rat LiverMyosmine [3-(1-pyrrolin-2-yl) pyridine] is an alkaloid structurally similar to nicotine, which is known to induce oxidative stress. In this study we investigated the effects of myosmine on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defence in rat liver. Wistar rats received a singlei.p.injection of 19 mg kg-1of myosmine and an oral dose of 190 mg kg-1by gavage. Nicotine was used as a positive control. Through either route of administration, myosmine altered the hepatic function by decreasing the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities on one hand and by increasing malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione reductase activity on the other. Compared to control, both routes caused significant lipid peroxidation in the liver and altered hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences. The pro-oxidant effects of myosmine were comparable with those of nicotine.
Cryptanalysis and security enhancement of Chen et al.’s remote user authentication scheme using smart card
Authors: Kumari Saru , Gupta Mridul , Kumar Manoj 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Recently (2011) Chen et al. found that Wang et al.’s scheme (2007) is vulnerable to impersonation attacks and parallel session attacks; and then proposed a security enhancement of Wang et al.’s scheme. Chen et al. claimed to inherit the merits and eradicate the flaws of the original scheme through their improved scheme. Unfortunately, we found that Chen et al.’s scheme inherits some flaws of the original scheme, like the known-key attack, smart card loss attack and its serious consequences. In addition, Chen et al.’s scheme is not easily reparable and is unable to provide forward secrecy. Thus Chen et al.’s scheme still has scope for security enhancement. Finally, we propose an improved scheme with better security strength. Moreover, we analyze the performance of our scheme and prove that ours is suitable for applications with high security requirements.
Analysis of swarm behavior using compound eye and neural network control
Authors: Kramper Wolfgang , Wanker Ralf , Zimmermann Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The emergent collective intelligence of groups of simple agents known as swarm intelligence is a new exiting way of achieving a form of artificial intelligence. This paper studies a formal model for swarm intelligence inspired by biological swarms found in nature. Software agents are used to model the individuals of a swarm. Each agent is controlled by a neural network that processes position data from the others in its visible zone given by a compound eye and in this way navigates in 3D space. An additional input parameter is used to represent the agent’s motivation to form a swarm. Simulations with different motivation parameters exhibit remarkable agent formations that can be considered as biologically plausable. Several ways to improve the model are discussed.
Area-efficient programmable arbiter for inter-layer communications in 3-D network-on-chip
Authors: Khan Mohammad , Ansari Abdul 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an emerging communication technique for System-on-Chip (SoC) communications. The NoC uses multiple processors, usually targeted for embedded applications and other applications [3, 13]. Performance of the bus is degraded by the increasing number of processing elements and transaction oriented model [13]. This has attracted much attention for applying wireless network protocols as CDMA, TDMA, and dTDMA in SoC. The TDMA systems use a fixed number of timeslots. This protocol wastes bandwidth when some timeslots are allocated but not used. The dynamic TDMA (dTDMA) bus arbiter dynamically grows and shrinks the number of timeslots to match the number of active transmitters [14]. In this paper, we present a design of area-efficient switch for inter-layer communications in 3-D NoC. The arbitration logic in the switch is based on a programmable priority encoder. A 640-bit message with uniform random destination data pattern was injected per IP per machine clock cycle. We have obtained the maximum clock frequency of 2.09 GHz for 96(4 × 8 × 3) IP cores connected in a mesh topology. The presented architecture demonstrates their superior functionality in terms of speed, latency, area, and power consumption as compared with the existing implementation [14]. The maximum power consumption of the proposed area-efficient programmable arbiter is 0.625 mW. The design is synthesized using 180nm TSMC Technology.
The Development of Agriculturein the Siberian Communities of Russia
Authors: Kalugina Zemfira , Fadeeva Olga 
Published: March 2012

The Development of Agriculturein the Siberian Communities of Russia
Having many years' experience in rural studies, the authors propose their own understanding of the Siberian communities' future assuming the multifunctional character of rural communities and multiplicity in the rural economy and way of life as well as considering an objective to develop human resources as a priority. Three correlated issues are under study: is a rural territory homogeneous as a subject for strategic planning, what is the object for strategic planning in rural communities and should the paradigm of strategic development be inevitably changed from a medium-range perspective to a long-range one?
The Meanings and Experiences of Domestic Labour among Rural Women in Croatia
Authors: Šikić-Mićanović Lynette 
Published: March 2012

The Meanings and Experiences of Domestic Labour among Rural Women in Croatia
Worldwide research has shown that women tend to devote a disproportionate amount of time to domestic labour that can be a barrier to gender equality and women's empowerment. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which women's role in unpaid domestic labour has an effect on their well-being and whether this presents a barrier to their empowerment or their ability ‘to do and be’ what they value. The study is based on ethnographic research in six rural villages located at the very north-eastern part of Croatia in Slavonia. This article draws on rural women's (and men's) accounts of their meanings and experiences in unpaid domestic labour. Pertaining to this labour, it also reviews their contribution as well as their lack of access to well-being in the family and wider community. Findings show that women's engagement in domestic labour has both positive and negative effects on their well-being, as well as that of their families and the wider community.
Science excellence and its transfer to the application sphere
Authors: Žížalová Pavla 
Published: March 2012

Vědecká excelence a její přenos do aplikační sféry
Jedním z významných faktorů konkurenceschopnosti a rozvoje ekonomiky je kvalita základního výzkumu. Je však spíše faktorem vstupním, resp. jedním z těchto faktorů. Její hodnocení je třeba doplnit o hodnocení aplikačního potenciálu a využití výsledků výzkumu a vývoje do praktických, komerčních aplikací. A právě na tento potenciál je zaměřen článek - hodnotí vazby, potenciální i skutečné, mezi silnými českými výzkumnými obory, výzkumnými pracovišti a samotnými výzkumníky a aplikační sférou. Hodnocení je provedeno prostřednictvím rozsáhlého terénního šetření, zahrnujícího celkem 76 strukturovaných rozhovorů s vybranými excelentními výzkumníky. Výsledky ukazují na poměrně dobrý potenciál, kdy naprostá většina výzkumníků má zájem nejen o teoretický výzkum, ale taktéž o praktické uplatnění svých výsledků. Skutečná spolupráce s aplikační sférou je však výrazně nižší. Konkrétní jednotlivé bariéry, které jsou důvodem tohoto rozdílu, nelze jednoznačně určit, spíše je lze spatřovat v jejich vzájemném působení ve fungování inovačního systému, samotných výzkumných organizací i v motivaci výzkumníků.
R&D infrastructures supported by the Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovation - regional structure and beneficiaries
Authors: Marek David , Žížalová Pavla 
Published: March 2012

Infrastruktury pro výzkum a vývoj podpořené z Operačního programu Výzkum a vývoj pro inovace - udržitelnost v regionálním a individuálním pohledu
Dosavadní deficit výzkumné infrastruktury v Česku bude v následujících letech zčásti redukován 42 novými centry vznikajícími s podporou Operačního programu Výzkum a vývoj pro inovace. Dojde tak do značné míry k uměle vyvolanému snížení koncentrace výzkumných kapacit v hlavním městě, neboť Praha nepatří mezi cílové regiony tohoto operačního programu. Jsou však regiony připraveny využít nabízenou příležitost, mají dostatečné lidské zdroje na obsazení vzniklých pracovních míst novými výzkumníky a jsou místní ekonomiky schopny chytit se lana spleteného z evropských peněz a posunout se díky novým výzkumným infrastrukturám blíže znalostně založené ekonomice? První krok nutně podmiňuje ty další. Detailní pohled na dosavadní vývoj regionální zaměstnanosti ve VaV ukazuje, že v některých krajích nejsou v příslušném vědním oboru přítomny dostatečné lidské zdroje pro obsazení vznikajících center novými zaměstnanci, a hrozí tak částečné oslabení tohoto impulzu formálním přesunem stávajících výzkumníků z jedné instituce do druhé. V porovnávání se stávající strukturou zdrojů mateřských institucí se navíc ukazují jako neúměrně vysoké odhady podílu smluvního výzkumu a zahraničních grantů u budovaných center. Snížení některého z těchto zdrojů může mít za následek výrazné utlumení činnosti centra, neboť státní rozpočet nebude pravděpodobně schopný tento výpadek kompenzovat.