bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land Classification for Optimal Use of Land by Remote Sensing and GIS Technology
Authors: Haque MF , Ali MS , Haq MA , Akhand MMR 
Published: August 2012

In this paper, attempt has been made to prepare landuse map for the district of Brahmanbaria, situated in the east-central part of Bangladesh using remote sensing technique. The multi-spectral Landsat TM data for 3 November 2002, 15 December 2004, 01 February 2002, 14 March 2003 and some aerial photographs of December 2000 have been used for land-use mapping for major three crops namely aman rice (late July - early November), winter (rabi) crops and winter (boro) rice. The imagery covers the growing seasons of the above crops, where multi-spectral and multi-temporal signatures for the green vegetations have been shown in spatial domain. The interpretation of the aerial photographs have also been performed and prepared GIS layers containing the water bodies and settlements. All the signature files including the interpretations of aerial photographs have been combined to produce a composite file in GIS layers. These layers were then combined to prepare the landuse maps including the three major crops cultivated round the year. Moreover, the landuse map of Akhaura upazila was compared with the land-type map and a relation of the landuse with the land-type has also been derived. The extracted feature files corresponding to spectral signatures have been overlaid to estimate the distribution of three major crop types in the study area. The result implies that all the three major crops like, aman, rabi and boro were cultivated in the same land which was 9.2% of total land area. Similarly, areas under double and single crops were also estimated and the result revealed that all the three crop types cover 68.3% of the total land area of Brahmanbaria district. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11587 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 229-237, 2012
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources and Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield of Boro Rice
Authors: Alim MA 
Published: August 2012

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different sources and doses of nitrogen application on the yield formation of boro rice. Two indica modern boro rice varieties (BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan36) and 21 nitrogen fertilizer combinations were used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in split- plot design with three replications by assigning varieties in the main plots and nitrogen fertilizers in the sub-plots. The unit plot size was 4m ? 2m. Yield and yield contributing characters were measured. Among the two varieties BRRI dhan28 produced higher grain and straw yield. Grain and straw yields were increased with the increase of nitrogen rate up to 120 kg ha-1 at all the sources. In general, organic manures alone could not produce higher grain yield but the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced higher yield. The application of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea with 60 kg N ha-1as mustard oil cake (MOC) produced maximum grain and straw yield which was statistically similar to the yield of 50 kg N ha-1 as urea with 50 kg N ha-1 as MOC. The lowest values were found in control nitrogen application. The results suggest that replacement of 50% urea N by MOC was the best source of nitrogen considering higher yield of boro rice. Therefore,fertilization of BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan36 varieties of rice with 60 kg N ha-1 as urea and 60 kg N ha-1 as MOC or 50 kg N ha-1 as urea with 50 kg N ha-1 as MOC was found to be the best nitrogen rate among all the treatment combinations in respect of grain and straw yields. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11592 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 273- 282, 2012
Urea Super Granule: A Good Source of Nitrogen on Growth Yield and Profitability of Cabbage in Sylhet
Authors: Sarker MMR , Shaheb MR , Nazrul MI 
Published: August 2012

An experiment was conducted in Sylhet under AEZ-20 (Eastern Surma-Kushiyara Floodplain) during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to find out the effect of Urea Super Granule (USG) on cabbage. There were five treatments viz. T1: recommended nitrogen (N) dose as prilled urea (PU), T2: recommended N dose as USG, T3: 10% less than recommended dose of N as USG, T4: 20% less than recommended dose of N as USG, and T5: farmers practice (average of 20 farmers N dose used as PU) used in the experiment. Results revealed that yield of cabbage increased significantly due to application of USG over PU. The highest head yield of cabbage 92.04 and 91.36 t ha-1 were obtained from the USG (recommended dose) in 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively which was statistically similar with USG 10% less than recommended dose (84.78 t ha-1) instead of traditional PU. The treatments T3 and T4 were found more effective over PU, and N loss was also minimum than that of prilled urea where 10-20% N fertilizer could be saved by using USG instead of traditional PU. Regarding economic analysis, the higher returns were also obtained from the treatment T2 which was more profitable in terms of higher gross returns as well as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11595 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 295-299, 2012
Writing a Quality Thesis/Dissertation for MS or PhD Degree  A Note for Researchers, MS and PhD Students
Authors: Islam MT , Baten MA 
Published: August 2012

Thesis or dissertation is a research report concerns a problem or series of problems in the area of applied or basic research. Abstract should contain all elements of the thesis in an extreme shorter form. Need to try to accommodate the description of the works including introduction, design and methodology within 2-3 sentences. Key findings of the experiments should be written in very brief. After findings, key words are written. The key words have to be different from the words in the title and to be arranged alphabetically. Introduction covers (i) identification of scientific problem stated in brief, (ii) critical analysis of relevant background information of the study to justify the problem using past research reports, (iii) identification of scientific information gap based on background analysis, (iv) formulation of the hypothesis, i.e making researchers best guess at the answer to the problem, and (v) formulation of specific objective(s) of the work. Review of literature has two reasons. One is to explain the results, need to collect only the relevant information and the other is to find out the gap or unexplored area for the study, that the designed work is either original or some works done still gaps are remained and/or different workers on the line to find contrast results. In materials and methods, the materials including treatments used in the study are recorded. Listed parameters are also mentioned. New technique(s) should be described in detail, other wise mention name only if necessary giving a brief note. Mention the layout/design of the experiments and analysis procedure. In results and discussion, we describe results chronologically and conclude logically. Presentation of the same result both in table and graph is prohibited. Summary and conclusion include introduction (importance) about the works, methodology, design/layout, etc. in very brief. In conclusion key message should be provided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11596 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 301-308, 2012
Natural Food Abundance and SIS Biodiversity of Matshaya Rani Fish Sanctuary
Authors: Hasan MANGM , Lucky NS , Hossain MAR 
Published: August 2012

An investigation was carried out in the Matshaya Rani (fish queen) Fish sanctuary to evaluate the hydrographic status, natural food and SIS (small indigenous species) abundance in the old Brahmaputra River near the BAU campus. There were three treatment sites- inside sanctuary, upstream and downstream of the sanctuary named as treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A number of water quality parameters such as temperature (°C), transparency (cm), depth (cm), water velocity (m sec-1), pH,dissolved oxygen (mg l-1), conductivity (?s cm-1), TDS (mg l-1), alkalinity (mg l-1), phosphate-phosphorus (mg l-1), nitratenitrogen (mg l-1), ammonia-nitrogen (mg l-1) and chlorophyll-a (?g l-1) were recorded and were found within the suitable range for natural food and SIS in different treatments. Among all the water quality parameters, only water transparency and depth showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments. Forty three genera of phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae (10), Chlorophyceae (22), Cyanophyceae (8), and Euglenophyceae (3) and nine genera of zooplankton were identified belonging to Rotifera (4) and Crustacea (5) in all the treatments. None of plankton group except Cyanophyceae and Rotifera showed significant difference (p < 0.05) among the treatments. Thirty two species of SIS under ten groups were found in different treatments. The highest number of species was found in treatment T1 (30) followed by T2 (25) and T3 (24). The catfishes, loaches and minnows dominated among thirty two species caught from the sampling sites. The highest numbers of species were found in April and May and the least species were found the month of January. Significant inter month and inter site variation (P < 0.05) in numerical abundance of fish observed in the study area. Notable endangered fishes, Kanchan puti- (Puntius conchonius), Balichata Acanthocobitis botia), Indian torrent catfish-Amblyceps mangois and Chaka- (Chaca chaca) species were only found in Matshaya Rani Fish sanctuary. The natural food abundance and SIS diversity were significantly more in the inside of Matshaya Rani Fish sanctuary than both the upstream and downstream of the sanctuary. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11599 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 319-328, 2012
Abaxial growth and steric constraints guide leaf folding and shape in Acer pseudoplatanus
Authors: Couturier Etienne , Brunel Nicole , Douady Stéphane , Nakayama Naomi 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: How leaf shape is regulated is a long‐standing question in botany. For diverse groups of dicotyledon species, lamina folding along the veins and geometry of the space available for the primordia can explain the palmate leaf morphology. Dubbed the kirigami theory, this hypothesis of fold‐dependent leaf shape regulation has remained largely theoretical. Using Acer pseudoplatanus, we investigated the mechanisms behind the two key processes of kirigami leaf development.• Methods: Cytological examination and quantitative analyses were used to examine the course of the vein‐dependent lamina folding. Surgical ablation and tissue culturing were employed to test the effects of physical constraints on primordia growth. The final morphology of leaves growing without steric constraints were predicted mathematically.• Key results: The cytological examination showed that the lamina's abaxial side along the veins grows substantially more than the adaxial side. The abaxial hypergrowth along the veins and the lamina extension correlated with the lamina folding. When a primordium was released from the physical constraints imposed by the other primordia, it rapidly grew into the newly available space, while maintaining the curvature inward. The morphology of such a leaf was predicted to lack symmetry in the lobe shapes.• Conclusions: The enhanced growth on the abaxial side of the lamina along the veins is likely to drive lamina folding. The surgical ablation provided clear support for the space‐filling nature of leaf growth; thus, steric constraints play a role in determination of the shapes of folded leaves and probably also of the final leaf morphology.
A 96-Week Randomized Trial of Switching to Entecavir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with a Partial Virological Response to Lamivudine
Authors: Heo Jeong , Park Jun Yong , Lee Heon Ju , Tak Won Young , Um Soon Ho , Kim Do Young , Yoon Ki Tae , Park Soo Young , Seo Yeon Seok , Han Kwang-Hyub , Cho Mong , Ahn Sang Hoon 
Published: August 2012

Background Growing numbers of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in the Asia-Pacific region have failed first-line therapy with low genetic barrier drugs. This prospective, 96-week study investigated the antiviral efficacy, safety and tolerability of switching to entecavir versus maintaining lamivudine in CHB patients with a partial virological response to lamivudine. Methods A total of 72 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, with serum HBV DNA≥60 IU/ml after ≥6 months lamivudine monotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive either entecavir 1.0 mg/day, or continued lamivudine 100 mg/day. Results Mean duration of prior lamivudine treatment was 15.1 months in the lamivudine-maintained patients and 16.1 months in the entecavir-switch patients, with mean baseline HBV DNA levels of 4.66 and 4.55 log10 IU/ml, respectively. A greater proportion of entecavir-switch than lamivudine-maintained patients achieved undetectable HBV DNA at all time points (67.6% versus 11.4% at week 96; P<0.001). Entecavir-switch patients achieved a greater mean decrease in HBV DNA level by week 4, maintained through week 96. Entecavir-switch patients with baseline HBV DNA<5 log10 IU/ml were more likely to achieve a virological response at week 96. A total of 6 (17.6%) entecavir-switch and 2 (5.7%) lamivudine- maintained patients achieved HBeAg loss, and 3 (8.8%) entecavir and 1 (2.9%) lamivudine patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Genotypic resistance to the assigned intervention emerged in 82.9% (29/35) of lamivudine-maintained patients, and in 3% (1/34) of entecavir-switch patients after 96 weeks. Conclusions Switching to entecavir in patients with a partial virological response to lamivudine resulted in increased virological efficacy and lower rates of antiviral resistance than maintaining lamivudine.
Mystification et esthétique moderne
Authors: Carpenter Scott 
Published: August 2012

De la littérature à la mystification il n’y a qu’un pas. D’une part, toute fiction est une simulation ;d’autre part, la fausseté sous toutes ses formes (ruses, hypocrisies, tromperies) fournit depuis des siècles la matière première des récits. Or, à partir de la fin du dix-huitième siècle, la mystification commencera à évoluer, pour jouer un rôle important dans ce qu’il convient d’appeler aujourd’hui l’esthétique moderne. En nous appuyant sur des exemples textuels, puisés surtout chez Diderot, Mérimée et Baudelaire, nous démontrerons la transition depuis l’illustration d’un artifice vers sa mise-en-scène ( performance ), où le lecteur se trouve à la place de la dupe. Par ailleurs, dans les textes modernes, on omet généralement la révélation qui permettrait un retour à la norme : la mystification moderne déstabilise la lecture, laissant le lecteur définitivement en suspens.
Démystifier le mystique : Joséphin Péladan et les cercles rosicruciens à l'épreuve du rire fin de siècle
Authors: Delille Damien 
Published: August 2012

Les salons artistiques de la Rose-Croix animés par Joséphin Péladan sont l’objet d’un nombreimportant de caricatures qui nourrissent de multiples entreprises de démystification associant les productions symbolistes à l’apologie de divers désordres érotiques, propices à un efféminement du masculin. L’émergence d’une rhétorique de la dégénérescence, largement alimentée par les traités de psychopathologie de l’époque, tend ainsi à cliver la différence des genres sexuels, tandis que les milieux symbolistes proposent d’autres modèles, basés sur le refus de la sexualité et sur un idéal « ariste ». De cette opposition naît la dénonciation de ces groupuscules d’obédience spiritualiste, dans l’amalgame entre le mystique, l’esthète et l’homosexuel, révélant au passage la peur masculine d’être soumis à la suggestion féminine.
Effects of Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascular Membrane
Authors: Iannetti Ludovico , Paroli Maria Pia , Fabiani Claudia , Nardella Chiara , Campanella Michelangelo , Pivetti-Pezzi Paola 
Published: August 2012

Purpose. To test the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IB) in the treatment of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods. A prospective interventional study on patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to posterior/ diffuse uveitis treated with 1.5 mg/0.05 mL of IB. Eight eyes of 8 patients, with mean follow-up of 19.25±6 months, were included. The measurements adopted were 1) changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 2) reduction in CNV size, and 3) changes in central foveolar thickness (CFT) measured by optical coherence tomography. Results. The mean number of intravitreal injections was 3.75±1.38. After IB treatment, the mean BCVA improved significantly, from 0.27±0.10 before treatment to 0.5±0.29 after treatment (p<0.05). The CFT also responded well to IB, with 402.75±114.11 μm preoperatively, and after treatment 300.5±90.98 μm (p<0.01). Notably, all patients showed a reduction in the size of the CNV and BCVA remained stable or improved in 7 eyes (87.5%). No episode of active intraocular inflammation was observed and patients continued to receive their systemic steroid or immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions. Intravitreal bevacizumab may be an additional strategy in inflammatory CNV of eyes with controlled uveitis.
Acute Effect of Pure Oxygen Breathing on Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Vinten Martin , La Cour Morten , Lund-Andersen Henrik , Larsen Michael 
Published: August 2012

Purpose. A small-scale pilot study of the pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema (DME) was made by assessing concomitant changes in macular volume (MV), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal artery diameter (RAD), and retinal vein diameter (RVD) in response to 120 minutes of pure oxygen breathing. Methods. Eleven eyes of 11 patients with DME were examined at baseline and while breathing pure oxygen for 120 minutes followed by 120 minutes of breathing atmospheric air. Macular volume was determined by optical coherence tomography, retinal trunk vessel diameters by fundus photography, intraocular pressure by pulse-air tonometry, and arterial blood pressure by sphygmomanometry. Results. After initiation of pure oxygen breathing, reductions of 2.6% in RAD (p=0.04) and 11.5% reduction in RVD (p<0.001) were observed while MABP increased by 5.2 mmHg. After resumption of atmospheric air breathing, RAD and RVD rapidly returned to baseline values whereas MABP remained 2.3 mmHg higher than baseline (p=0.04). Macular volume was found to be reduced by 1.2% compared to baseline (p=0.04) at 120 minutes after cessation of pure oxygen breathing and resumption of atmospheric air breathing. Conclusions. These results indicate that the vasomotor response of the retinal arteries alone cannot explain the delayed reduction in macular volume after short course of pure oxygen breathing.
High‐Strength Laminated Copper Matrix Nanocomposites Developed from a Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Film with Continuous Reticulate Architecture
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , Ma Wenjun , Li Jinzhu , Dong Haibo , Ren Yan , Zhao Duan , Zhou Weiya , Xie Sishen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA critical challenge in nanocomposite fabrication by adding SWCNTs as reinforcement is to realize an effective transfer of the excellent mechanical properties of the SWCNTs to the macroscale mechanical properties of the matrix. Using directly grown SWCNT films with continuous reticulate structure as the template, Cu/SWCNTs/Cu laminated nanocomposites are fabricated by an electrodepositing process. The resulting Cu/SWCNTs/Cu laminated nanocomposites exhibit extremely high strength and Young's modulus. The estimated Young's modulus of the SWCNT bundles in the composite are between 860 and 960 GPa. Such a high strength and an effective load‐transfer capacity are ascribed to the unique continuous reticulate architecture of SWCNT films and the strong interfacial strength between the SWCNTs and Cu matrix. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the loading status of the SWCNTs in the strained composite. It provides a route to investigate the load transfer of SWCNTs in the metal matrix composites.
Effects of Varied Substituents on the Antibacterial Activity of Triazolylmethyl Oxazolidinones
Authors: Phillips Oludotun A. , Udo Edet E. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohammed E. , Varghese Reny 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA number of 1,2,3‐triazolylmethyl piperazino oxazolidinone derivatives with optionally varied substituents at the 4N‐piperazine position were synthesized and their antibacterial activity evaluated against a panel of susceptible and resistant Gram‐positive and selected Gram‐negative bacteria. Substitution with 5‐membered heteroaroyl and dinitrobenzoyl moieties potentiated activity against staphylococci and enterococci strains. Furthermore, the compounds having dinitrobenzoyl 7n, 7o, and 5‐nitrofuroyl 7t substitutions were four‐ to eightfold more potent than linezolid against M. catarrhalis. However, substitution of guanidino and other water‐solubilizing functionalities at the 4N‐piperazine position resulted in compounds that are devoid of antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Piperidine‐2,6‐dione‐piperazine (piperidine) Derivatives as Multireceptor Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Chen Yin , Xu Xiangqing , Liu Xin , Liu Bi‐Feng , Zhang Guisen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report the discovery and the synthesis of novel, potential antipsychotic piperidine‐2,6‐dione derivatives combining potent dopamine D2, D3 and serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2C receptor properties. We describe the structure–activity relationships that led us to the promising derivative: 1‐(4‐(4‐(6‐fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol‐3‐yl)piperidin‐1‐yl)butyl)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐piperidine‐2,6‐dione 5. The unique pharmacological features of compound 5 are a high affinity for dopamine D2, D3 and serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2C receptors, together with a low affinity for the H1 receptor (to reduce the risk of obesity under chronic treatment). In a behavioral model predictive of positive symptoms, compound 5 inhibited apomorphine‐induced climbing behavior and MK‐801‐induced hyperactivity with no extrapyramidal symptoms liability in mice. In particular, compound 5 was more potent than clozapine.