bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The functional anatomical distinction between truth telling and deception is preserved among people with schizophrenia
Authors: Kaylor‐Hughes Catherine J. , Lankappa Sudheer T. , Fung Robert , Hope‐Urwin Alexandra E. , Wilkinson Iain D. , Spence Sean A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground A recently emergent functional neuroimaging literature has described the functional anatomical correlates of deception among healthy volunteers, most often implicating the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. To date, there have been no such imaging studies of people with severe mental illness.Aims To discover whether the brains of people with schizophrenia would manifest a similar functional anatomical distinction between the states of truthfulness and deceit. It is hypothesised that, as with healthy people, persons with schizophrenia will show activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices when lying.Method Fifty‐two people satisfying Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder‐IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T while responding truthfully or with lies to questions concerning their recent actions. Half the sample was concurrently experiencing delusions.Results As hypothesised, patients exhibited greater activity in ventrolateral prefrontal cortices while lying. Truthful responses were not associated with any areas of relatively increased activation. The presence or absence of delusions did not substantially affect these findings, although subtle laterality effects were discernible upon post hoc analyses.Conclusions As in healthy cohorts, the brains of people with schizophrenia exhibit a functional anatomical distinction between the states of truthfulness and deceit. Furthermore, this distinction pertains even in the presence of delusions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embedded Ru@ZrO2 Catalysts for H2 Production by Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Lorenzut Barbara , Montini Tiziano , Pavel Claudiu C. , Comotti Massimiliano , Vizza Francesco , Bianchini Claudio , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmmonia can be used as fuel in internal combustion engines (ICEs). In this case, a flame accelerator, such as hydrogen, is needed. H2 can be produced on‐board by partial decomposition of ammonia. In this work, ruthenium nanoparticles were embedded into a lanthanum‐stabilized zirconia (LSZ) support to obtain active and stable heterogeneous catalysts for NH3 decomposition. The effects of the preparation of both Ru nanoparticles and LSZ support were investigated. The embedded catalysts present high metal dispersion and good metal accessibility. Despite the relatively low metal loading (3 wt %), activity was very high in the temperature range 400–600 °C. The activity of the reference catalysts prepared by using classical impregnation was significantly lower under the same working conditions. Although many factors contribute to the final catalyst performances, the data reported confirm that the embedding strategy minimizes the undesirable sintering of the Ru nanoparticles, leading to promising and stable catalytic activity.
Functional Hybrid Materials with Polymer Nanoparticles as Templates
Authors: Ethirajan Anitha , Landfester Katharina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of polymeric nanoparticles as templates for producing inorganic materials is an intriguing approach as it offers the feasibility of synthesizing hybrid organic–inorganic functional materials for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from optoelectronics to biomedicine. The concept of using polymer nanoparticles as templates to produce hybrid materials has several advantages. On the one hand, the entire geometry of the nanoparticle can be used as a confined nano‐environment to let the inorganic material grow inside the particle. On the other hand, the high surface area of nanoparticle can be exploited to let the inorganic material grow on the outside surface of the particles. One such application is presented here, in which polymer nanoparticles were used as biomimetic template to produce composite nanoparticles made of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP). The synthesized hybrid particle has a great potential to be used as regenerative filler or as scaffold for nucleation and growth of new bone material. In addition to be applied as coatings on implants, these nanoparticles also offer the feasibility of being injected directly into the damaged part or administered intravenously with functionalization. Within this overview, we will mainly focus on different polymer nanoparticles obtained by the miniemulsion technique and the different possibilities for them to be used as templates for the biomimetic mineralization of calcium phosphate in the aqueous phase.
Efficient Utilization of Higher‐Lying Excited States to Trigger Charge‐Transfer Events
Authors: Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Spänig Fabian , Kuzmanich Gregory , Krokos Evangelos , Oelsner Christian , Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A. , Delgado Juan Luis , Martín Nazario , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral new fullerene–heptamethine conjugates, which absorb as far as into the infrared spectrum as 800 nm, have been synthesized and fully characterized by physicochemical means. In terms of optical and electrochemical characteristics, appreciable electronic coupling between both electroactive species is deduced. The latter also reflect the excited‐state features. To this end, time‐resolved, transient absorption measurements revealed that photoexcitation is followed by a sequence of charge‐transfer events which evolve from higher singlet excited states (i.e., S2—fast charge transfer) and the lowest singlet excited state of the heptamethine cyanine (i.e., S1—slow charge transfer), as the electron donor, to either a covalently linked C60 or C70, as the electron acceptor. Finally, charge transfer from photoexcited C60/C70 completes the charge‐transfer sequence. The slow internal conversion within the light‐harvesting heptamethine cyanine and the strong electronic coupling between the individual constituents are particularly beneficial to this process.
Relationship between current level of immunodeficiency and non‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐defining malignancies
Authors: Reekie Joanne , Kosa Csaba , Engsig Frederik , Monforte Antonella d'Arminio , Wiercinska‐Drapalo Alicja , Domingo Pere , Antunes Francisco , Clumeck Nathan , Kirk Ole , Lundgren Jens D. , Mocroft Amanda ,   for the EuroSIDA Study Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐defining malignancies account for more morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients than AIDS‐defining malignancies. However, conflicting data have been reported on the relationship between immunodeficiency and the development of some non–AIDS‐defining malignancies.METHODS:A total of 14,453 patients from the prospective, multinational EuroSIDA cohort were included. Malignancies were classified as virus‐related, non–virus‐related epithelial, and other. The incidence of non–AIDS‐defining malignancies was calculated stratified by current CD4 count. Poisson regression was used to investigate factors associated with the development of non–AIDS‐defining malignancies.RESULTS:A total of 356 non–AIDS‐defining malignancies occurred, with an incidence rate of 4.3 per 1000 person years of follow‐up (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8‐4.7); 172 (48.3%) were virus‐related, 135 (37.9%) were non–virus‐related epithelial, and 49 (13.7%) were classified as other. Anal (69 cases), lung (31 cases), and melanoma (13 cases), respectively, were the most common non–AIDS‐defining malignancies within each group. After adjustment, current CD4 was associated with virus‐related non–AIDS‐defining malignancies (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.81 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.88; P < .0001) and non–virus‐related epithelial non–AIDS‐defining malignancies (IRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.95; P = .004), but not with other non–AIDS‐defining malignancies (IRR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83‐1.31; P = .73). Current CD4 count was also associated with anal cancer (IRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.99; P = .03), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 52; IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.95; P = .005), and lung cancer (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.90; P = .0002).CONCLUSIONS:A low current CD4 count was associated with an increased incidence of certain non–AIDS‐defining malignancies. Starting cART earlier to reduce the proportion of patients with a low CD4 count may decrease the rate of developing many common non–AIDS‐related malignancies. A randomized trial to explore this strategy is urgently needed. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The role of kinesin family proteins in tumorigenesis and progression
Authors: Yu Yue , Feng Yu‐Mei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe kinesin superfamily contains a conserved class of microtubule‐dependent molecular motor proteins that possess an adenosine triphosphatase activity and motion characteristics. The active movement of kinesins supports several cellular functions, including mitosis, meiosis, and the transport of macromolecules. Mitosis is a process of eukaryotic cell division that involves the division of nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles, and the cell membrane into 2 daughter cells with roughly equivalent portions of these cellular components. Any errors in this process could result in cell death, abnormality (such as gene deletion, chromosome translocation, or duplication), and cancer. Because mitosis is complex and highly regulated, alteration of kinesin expression or function could lead to carcinogenesis. Moreover, because human cancer is a gene‐related disease involving abnormal cell growth, targeting kinesins may create a novel strategy for the control of human cancer. Indeed, several such drugs are being tested successfully in the clinic. In this review, the authors discuss in detail the structure and function of kinesins, the correlation of kinesin expression with tumorigenesis and progression, and the development of biomarkers and cancer‐targeted therapy involving the kinesin family proteins. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Immunolocalization of the voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv2.2 in GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain of rats and mice
Authors: Hermanstyne Tracey O. , Kihira Yoshitaka , Misono Kaori , Deitchler Ashley , Yanagawa Yuchio , Misonou Hiroaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Kv2 voltage‐gated potassium channels, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, are important regulators of neuronal excitability in mammalian brain. It has been shown that Kv2.1 channels are expressed in virtually all neurons in the brain. However, the cellular localization of Kv2.2 has not been fully elucidated. In this article we report that Kv2.2 is highly expressed in a subset of neurons in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO) and the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) of the basal forebrain complex, which are areas highly implicated in the regulation of cortical activity and the sleep/wake cycle. It has been shown that MCPO and HDB contain distinct populations of neurons that differ in their neurochemicals, cholinergic, glutamatergic, and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Using specific immunolabeling and knockin mice in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is expressed in GABAergic neurons, we found that Kv2.2 is abundantly expressed in a large subpopulation of the GABAergic neurons in the MCPO and HDB. These data offer Kv2.2 as a molecular target to study the role of the specific subpopulation of basal forebrain GABAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4298–4310, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues modulates the mouse hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis via paraventricular glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Dimitrov Eugene , Usdin Ted Björn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeurons in the subparafascicular area at the caudal border of the thalamus that contain the neuropeptide tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) densely innervate several hypothalamic areas, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These areas contain a matching distribution of TIP39's receptor, the parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R). Frequent PTH2R coexpression with a vesicular glutamate transporter (VGlut2) suggests that TIP39 could presynaptically regulate glutamate release. By using immunohistochemistry we found CRH‐ir neurons surrounded by PTH2R‐ir fibers and TIP39‐ir axonal projections in the PVN area of the mouse brain. Labeling hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons by peripheral injection of fluorogold in PTH2R‐lacZ knock‐in mice showed that most PTH2Rs are on PVN and peri‐PVN interneurons and not on neuroendocrine cells. Double fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed a high level of coexpression between PTH2R and VGlut2 mRNA by cells located in the PVN and nearby brain areas. Local TIP39 infusion (100 pmol) robustly increased pCREB‐ir in the PVN and adjacent perinuclear zone. It also increased plasma corticosterone and decreased plasma prolactin. These effects of TIP39 on pCREB‐ir, corticosterone, and prolactin were abolished by coinfusion of the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) and DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (AP‐5; 30 pmol each) and were absent in PTH2R knockout mice. Basal plasma corticosterone was slightly decreased in TIP39 knockout mice just before onset of their active phase. The present data indicate that the TIP39 ligand/PTH2 receptor system provides facilitatory regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis via hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons and that it may regulate other neuroendocrine systems by a similar mechanism. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4375–4394, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in adult and embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Uyttebroek Leen , Shepherd Iain T. , Harrisson Fernand , Hubens Guy , Blust Ronny , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Van Nassauw Luc 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough the morphology and development of the zebrafish enteric nervous system have been extensively studied, the precise neurochemical coding of enteric neurons and their proportional enteric distribution are currently not known. By using immunohistochemistry, we determined the proportional expression and coexpression of neurochemical markers in the embryonic and adult zebrafish intestine. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP) were observed only in nerve fibers, whereas other markers were also detected in neuronal cell bodies. Calretinin and calbindin had similar distributions. In embryos, all markers, except for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and TH, were present from 72 hours postfertilization. Nitrergic neurons, evenly distributed and remaining constant in time, constituted the major neuronal subpopulation. The neuronal proportions of the other markers increased during development and were characterized by regional differences. In the adult, all markers examined were expressed in the enteric nervous system. A large percentage of enteric neurons displayed calbindin and calretinin, and serotonin was the only marker showing significant distribution differences in the three intestinal regions. Colocalization studies showed that serotonin was not coexpressed with any of the other markers. At least five neuronal subpopulations were determined: a serotonergic, a nitrergic noncholinergic, two cholinergic nonnitrergic subpopulations along with one subpopulation expressing both ChAT and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Analysis of nerve fibers revealed that nitrergic neurons coexpress VIP and PACAP, and that nitrergic neurons innervate the tunica muscularis, whereas serotonergic and cholinergic nonnitrergic neurons innervate the lamina propria and the tunica muscularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4419–4438, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of mice expressing EGFP in the placode‐derived inner ear sensory cell lineage and FACS‐array analysis focused on the regional specificity of the otocyst
Authors: Fujimoto Chisato , Ozeki Hidenori , Uchijima Yasunobu , Suzukawa Keigo , Mitani Akihisa , Fukuhara Shigetomo , Nishiyama Koichi , Kurihara Yukiko , Kondo Kenji , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kaga Kimitaka , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kurihara Hiroki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, we established a novel enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter mouse line that enables the visualization of the placode‐derived inner ear sensory cell lineage. EGFP was initially expressed in the otic placode and throughout its differentiation process into the inner ear sensory patches. At embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), EGFP was expressed in the ventral and dorsomedial region of the otocyst. These regions could mainly give rise to the cochlea, including the organ of Corti, and the saccule, including the macula and the endolymphatic duct. The region could also give rise to cells that will develop as either prosensory cells or statoacoustic ganglion neuroblasts. By using this line and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)‐array technology, we developed a new gene expression profile of the regional specificity of the otocyst. EGFP‐positive regions include the Otx1‐positive region, which could be clearly distinguished from EGFP‐negative regions. The signal log ratio of microarray data showed high efficiency in predicting the genes expressed mainly in the ventral and/or dorsomedial otocyst and the data could be mined to uncover many novel genes involved in inner ear morphogenesis and cell fate regulation. Additionally, these data suggest that some novel genes enriched in EGFP‐positive regions may be potentially involved in human congenital sensorineural hearing loss. This reporter line could play important roles in the use of animal models for detailed analysis of the differentiation process into the sensory patches and the identification of regional‐specific gene networks and novel gene functions in the developing inner ear. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4702–4722, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast Transformation of Glucose and Di‐/Polysaccharides into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Microwave Heating in an Ionic Liquid/Catalyst System
Authors: Qi Xinhua , Watanabe Masaru , Aida Taku M. , Smith Richard L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn efficient method for converting glucose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), in the presence of CrCl3 catalyst, is developed by using the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride as solvent. A 5‐HMF yield of 71 % is achieved in 30 s for 96 % glucose conversion with microwave heating at 140 °C. The activation energy of glucose conversion is determined to be 114.6 kJ mol−1, with a pre‐exponential factor of 3.5×1014 min−1. Fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, and cellulose are studied and 5‐HMF yields of 54 % are obtained for cellulose conversion at 150 °C during 10 min of reaction time. Recycling of the ionic liquid and CrCl3 is demonstrated with six cycles of use.
A method of quantifying cell sorting yield in “real time”
Authors: Osborne Geoffrey W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell sorting flow cytometers sort cells by applying electrical charges to a stream that forms liquid droplets containing the cells at a set time after sample interrogation. The correct time to apply these charges is determined based on calibration beads and automated technology. The central tenet of this method is that beads accurately indicate the yield of cells sorted using the same instrument parameters. HEK293T cells were incubated with Accudrop™ calibration beads. Cell incorporation of beads by phagocytosis was confirmed by imaging cytometry. Cells containing beads were analyzed and sorted on unmodified commercially available cell sorters that have automated technology for setting drop delay times. Based on cell sorter drop delay times optimized using beads, sorting experiments demonstrate that yield can be assessed in real time using bead loaded cells and existing technology. Here, data presented show that cells have lower sorting yields than indicated using beads. Further, this data show clear trends related to nozzle tip diameter and sorting yield. The present study demonstrates a method to quantify yield “on the fly” during cell sorting, that is separated from drop charge counts and removes the variables associated with yield assessment from collection tubes. These data have implications for the expected recovery of cells from sorting experiments. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A non‐redundant role for OX40 in the competitive fitness of Treg in response to IL‐2
Authors: Piconese Silvia , Pittoni Paola , Burocchi Alessia , Gorzanelli Andrea , Carè Alessandra , Tripodo Claudio , Colombo Mario P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOX40 stimulation is known to enhance activation of effector T cells and to inhibit induction and suppressive function of Treg. Here we uncovered a novel role of OX40 in sustaining Treg competitive fitness in vivo, during repopulation of lymphopenic hosts and reconstitution of BM chimeras. Defective expansion of OX40‐null Treg diminished their ability to suppress inflammation in a model of lymphopenia‐driven colitis. OX40‐mediated promotion of Treg fitness spanned beyond lymphopenic environments, as endogenous Treg in OX40‐null mice showed decreased accumulation during thymic development, enhanced susceptibility to antibody‐mediated depletion and defective turnover following thymectomy. In vitro, OX40‐deficient Treg were found to be intrinsically hyporesponsive to IL‐2, in terms of Stat5 phosphorylation and proliferation, according to elevated SOCS1 content and reduced miR155 expression. Therefore, OX40 is a key factor in shaping Treg sensitivity to IL‐2 and promoting their proliferation and survival, toward accurate immune regulation.
Islet‐expressed TLR2 and TLR4 sense injury and mediate early graft failure after transplantation
Authors: Krüger Bernd , Yin Na , Zhang Nan , Yadav Anju , Coward William , Lal Girdhari , Zang Weiping , S. Heeger Peter , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Murphy Barbara , Schröppel Bernd 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough islet transplantation is an effective treatment for Type 1 diabetes, primary engraftment failure contributes to suboptimal outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that islet isolation and transplantation activate innate immunity through TLR expressed on islets. Murine islets constitutively express TLR2 and TLR4, and TLR activation with peptidoglycan or LPS upregulates islet production of cytokines and chemokines. Following transplantation into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic, syngeneic mice, islets exposed to LPS or peptidoglycan had primary graft failure with intra‐ and peri‐islet mononuclear cell inflammation. The use of knockout mice showed that recipient CD8+ T cells caused engraftment failure and did so in the absence of islet‐derived DC. To mimic physiological islet injury, islets were transplanted with exocrine debris. Transplantation of TLR2/4−/− islets reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and improved islet survival. Stressed islets released the alarmin high‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) induced NFkB activation. NFkB activation was prevented in the absence of both TLR2 and TLR4. rHMGB1 pretreatment also prevented primary engraftment through a TLR2/4‐dependent pathway. Our results show that islet graft failure can be initiated by TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and suggest that HMGB1 is one likely early mediator. Subsequent downstream signaling results in intra‐islet inflammation followed by T‐cell‐mediated graft destruction.