bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some factors affecting the accuracy and variability of measurements of the height of ponies
Authors: Lamas L. P. , Giovagnoli G. , Heath M. F. , Jeffcott L. B. 
Published: October 2010

Height is the only factor used to differentiate horses and ponies for competitive purposes; any horse without shoes that is less than 148 cm at the highest point of the withers can be classified as a pony. However, variations in height associated with anatomical and other factors can occur. In this study the accuracy of the most commonly used measuring procedure and seven independent factors that might affect apparent height were evaluated in skeletally mature horses that were less than 155 cm in height. The results indicated that there was an improvement of 57 per cent in the accuracy of measurement when a second spirit level was added to the traditional measuring stick. The spread of values recorded for a series of repeated measurements by one person was ±1·06 cm, but the spread increased to ±1·89 cm when three different people made the measurements. Some variation in height occurred when the position of the pony's head was changed, but none occurred after a period of exercise. There was a reduction in height of 0·84 cm when the animals were allowed to adapt to their surroundings, and there was some reduction after they had been tranquillised.
International disease monitoring, January to March 2007
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Rogers A. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

New cases of bluetongue detected in north‐west Europe
Emergency vaccination of pigs in Romania to control classical swine fever
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Hungary and the uk
Rift Valley fever confirmed in Kenya and Tanzania
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for January to March 2007, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health
International disease monitoring, October to December 2006
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Rogers A. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

Evaluation of bluetongue in north‐west Europe
Three‐year history of classical swine fever in Central and South America
Poultry and pigeon variants of Newcastle disease in Europe since July 2006
Equine infectious anaemia in the European Union
First case of scrapie in Denmark
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2006, prepared by defra 's International Animal Health Division
Review of pathophysiology and clinical management of narcolepsy in dogs
Authors: Tonokura M. , Fujita K. , Nishino S. 
Published: October 2010

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that affects human beings and animals. Up to 17 breeds of dogs are affected sporadically, and familial forms occur in dobermanns, labrador retrievers and dachshunds. These dogs display characteristics strikingly similar to those of human narcolepsy, including cataplexy (a sudden loss of muscle tone in response to emotional stimulation) and a shorter sleep latency. It has recently been shown that the aetiology of both the familial form (receptor null mutation) and the sporadic form (loss of ligand production) of canine narcolepsy is associated with a deficit in hypocretin/orexin neurotransmission. Hypocretin deficiency can be detected by the measurement of hypocretin‐1 in cerebrospinal fluid, and this could be used to diagnose hypocretin ligand deficient cases in clinical practice. Narcolepsy is neither progressive nor life‐threatening, but the clinical signs persist throughout life, and lifelong treatment and care are required. This article reviews the recent progress in narcolepsy research in dogs, and describes the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Sensitive test for screening for Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis by broth cultivation and PCR
Authors: Yamagishi N. , Jinkawa Y. , Omoe K. , Makino S. , Oboshi K. 
Published: October 2010

An assay was developed and evaluated for screening for Staphylococcus aureus in milk samples from cases of bovine mastitis by overnight cultivation in a broth containing 7·5 per cent sodium chloride, followed by pcr to amplify the nuc gene. The assay could detect concentrations of S aureus as low as 1 colony‐forming unit/ml milk. Among 106 milk samples collected from individual quarters of lactating cows in one dairy herd and from a bulk tank, S aureus was detected in nine samples by the pcr assay but in only three samples by conventional microbiological culture.
Use of free text clinical records in identifying syndromes and analysing health data
Authors: Lam K. , Parkin T. , Riggs C. , Morgan K. 
Published: October 2010

The analysis of data in clinical records could be useful to epidemiologists in planning analytical studies and identifying new research initiatives. This paper describes the method used to develop a systematic, replicable technique for compressing many words of text into fewer content categories on the basis of explicit rules of user‐defined coding, and systematically sorting a large volume of records accurately and reliably. The method was used to categorise the reasons for retirement from racing in Hong Kong of 3727 thoroughbred racehorses between the 1992/93 and 2003/04 racing seasons into a user‐defined dictionary. An automated process successfully categorised 95 per cent of the records. The other 5 per cent were assigned manually to one of the dictionary categories. The whole process from initial screening to the categorisation of all the records took approximately 100 man‐hours to complete.
Quantification of the relative efficiency of factory surveillance in the disclosure of tuberculosis lesions in attested Irish cattle
Authors: Frankena K. , White P. W. , O'Keeffe J. , Costello E. , Martin S. W. , van Grevenhof I. , More S. J. 
Published: October 2010

In Ireland, factory surveillance of cattle for gross lesions is an important supplementary method for detecting herds infected with bovine tuberculosis (tb), and in recent years between 27 and 46 per cent of all new herd breakdowns in any year have been detected by this method. The aim of this study was to determine the relative efficiency of factories in detecting lesions among attested cattle slaughtered during 2003 and 2004. National databases were available on animal slaughter, programmes of tuberculin testing for bovine tb and laboratory confirmation of suspected lesions. Factories were ranked according to their submission risk (number of animals submitted with lesions/number of attested animals killed) and confirmation risk (number of animals with laboratory‐confirmed lesions/number of animals submitted with lesions), adjusting for the risk profile of the animals slaughtered, including potential confounding factors such as their age and sex, whether they were purchased or homebred, the test history of their herd, the prevalence of bovine tb in the area and the season of slaughter. Approximately 3·7 million cattle were slaughtered in 42 Irish export‐licensed factories during the two years. Complete data were available for 2,374,987 animals from 84,510 attested herds in 2845 District Electoral Divisions. Samples from 7398 animals with suspected tb lesions were submitted for laboratory examination; 4767 (64·4 per cent) were positive, 2011 were negative and 620 were inconclusive. The average unadjusted submission risk for all the factories was 22 per 10,000, ranging from 0 to 58 per 10,000. The unadjusted factory confirmation risk (excluding factories that had sent in fewer than 10 lesions) varied between 34·3 per cent and 86·3 per cent. The unadjusted and adjusted submission and confirmation risks were highly correlated, and animal‐related factors (including their characteristics and origin) therefore did not contribute to the variations in factory‐level submission and confirmation risks.
International disease monitoring, April to June 2007
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

Outbreak of bluetongue in Germany indicates virus is re‐emerging after overwintering
First report of African swine fever in Georgia
Foot‐and‐mouth disease viruses from the Middle East derived from serotype O PanAsia strain
Analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in Europe and the Near East
Swine vesicular disease reported in Italy and Portugal
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for April to June 2007, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health
Plasma concentrations of voriconazole in falcons
Authors: Schmidt V. , Demiraj F. , Di Somma A. , Bailey T. , Ungemach F. R. , Krautwald‐Junghanns M‐E. 
Published: October 2010

Doses of 12·5 mg voriconazole/kg bodyweight administered every 12 hours by crop gavage to six falcons for 14 days provided peak plasma concentrations of more than 1 μg/ml, but the trough concentrations were lower and sometimes undetectable. Administering the same doses incorporated into meat that was fed to one falcon for seven days and to three falcons for up to 91 days provided similar plasma concentrations.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in healthy rabbits and rabbits with clinically suspected encephalitozoonosis
Authors: Jass A. , Matiasek K. , Henke J. , Küchenhoff H. , Hartmann K. , Fischer A. 
Published: October 2010

Samples of uncontaminated cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were collected from the cisterna magna of 20 healthy laboratory rabbits and 21 pet rabbits with vestibular disease and/or paresis due to clinically suspected encephalitozoonosis. In the healthy rabbits'csfthe leucocyte count was ≤4 leucocytes/μl (median 1·5 μl) and the concentration of protein ranged from 0·13 to 0·31 g/l (median 0·24 g/l). In the diseased rabbits, the number of leucocytes ranged from 1 to 87/μl (median 15/μl; P<0·001), and the concentration of protein ranged from 0·31 to 1·54 g/l (median 0·79 g/l; P<0·001); a cytological evaluation showed that they had greater numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes. It was concluded that encephalitozoonosis in rabbits is characterised by lymphomonocytic pleocytosis incsf.
Effects of different intervention strategies on the incidence of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows
Authors: Holzhauer M. , Döpfer D. , de Boer J. , van Schaik G. 
Published: October 2010

The effects of four different intervention strategies on the incidence of severe lesions of digital dermatitis in an experimental dairy herd were compared with the effects of a control strategy consisting of walking the cows twice through a footbath containing 4 per cent formaldehyde on one day a week for 24 weeks. The four alternative strategies were the same treatment every other week; standing for 30 minutes in a footbath containing a 2 per cent multicompound solution on days 0, 7, 28 and 90 after having had their hooves cleaned indirectly with a medium pressure spray of water; walking twice through the multicompound solution on one day a week for 24 weeks; and, walking twice through a footbath containing 3 per cent sodium carbonate on one day a week for 24 weeks. The cows' hooves were inspected every three weeks by one trained claw trimmer who graded the lesions of digital dermatitis. None of the alternative strategies significantly reduced either the number or severity of the lesions in comparison with the control strategy. In the groups treated by the third and fourth strategies there were outbreaks of digital dermatitis in which more than 30 per cent of the cows suffered the most severe type of lesion, and there was a continuously high rate of new infections in the group treated by the fourth strategy.
Evaluation of a disposable device for the measurement of haemoglobina1c in dogs
Authors: Catchpole B. , Mountford S. , Barabas S. , Scaramuzzi R. J. 
Published: October 2010

A disposable device designed for measuring glycated haemoglobin (hba1c) in human blood was evaluated for use in dogs.edtablood samples were collected from 50 normoglycaemic dogs, 10 dogs suffering from anaemia and 112 diabetic dogs.hba1c was measured in all the dogs except for five of the diabetic animals, in which the concentrations were above the range of the device, that is, more than 13 per cent, and two of the anaemic dogs, in which they were below its limit of detection, that is less than 3 per cent. The diabetic dogs had higherhba1c values (range 4·9 to >13 per cent, median 9·3 per cent) than the normoglycaemic dogs (range 3·7 to 5·6 per cent, median 4·7 per cent). In the anaemic dogs the values were significantly lower (range <3·0 per cent to 5·2 per cent, median 3·5 per cent) than in the normoglycaemic dogs. There was a good correlation (R2=0·48) between the measurements obtained with the device and the measurements obtained with a system already validated for use in dogs.
Comparison of the efficacy of cloxacillin alone and cloxacillin combined with an internal teat sealant for dry‐cow therapy
Authors: Newton H. T. , Green M. J. , Benchaoui H. , Cracknell V. , Rowan T. , Bradley A. J. 
Published: October 2010

All the quarters in the cows with high somatic cell counts in 10 herds were treated at drying off with either 600 mg cloxacillin or 600 mg cloxacillin and 4 g of an internal teat sealant containing 65 per cent bismuth subnitrate. The quarters were sampled daily for bacteriological tests for the three days before drying off and twice after calving to establish whether they were infected. Clinical mastitis cases were monitored from drying off until 100 days after calving. The odds of a quarter being bacteriologically negative after calving or developing clinical mastitis in the first 100 days after calving were investigated by multilevel logistic regression. The quarters treated with the internal sealant and cloxacillin were significantly more likely to be bacteriologically negative in the immediate period after calving and were significantly less likely to suffer clinical mastitis during the first 100 days after calving than the quarters treated with cloxacillin alone. There was more variation between cows than between herds in the underlying risk of an infection after calving, but there was more variation between herds than between cows in the underlying risk of clinical mastitis during the 100 days after calving.
Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of acepromazine or atropine given before dexmedetomidine in dogs
Authors: Alvaides R. K. , Teixeira Neto F. J. , Aguiar A. J. A. , Campagnol D. , Steagall P. V. M. 
Published: October 2010

To test the hypothesis that acepromazine could potentiate the sedative actions and attenuate the pressor response induced by dexmedetomidine, the effects of acepromazine or atropine were compared in six healthy adult dogs treated with this α2‐agonist. In a randomised block design, the dogs received intravenous doses of either physiological saline, 0·05 mg/kg acepromazine or 0·04 mg/kg atropine, 15 minutes before an intravenous dose of 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. The dogs' heart rate was reduced by 50 to 63 per cent from baseline and their mean arterial blood pressure was increased transiently from baseline for 20 minutes after the dexmedetomidine. Atropine prevented the α2‐agonist‐induced bradycardia and increased the severity and duration of the hypertension, but acepromazine did not substantially modify the cardiovascular effects of the α2‐agonist, except for a slight reduction in the magnitude and duration of its pressor effects. The dexmedetomidine induced moderate to intense sedation in all the treatments, but the dogs' sedation scores did not differ among treatments. The combination of acepromazine with dexmedetomidine had no obvious advantages in comparison with dexmedetomidine alone, but the administration of atropine before dexmedetomidine is contraindicated because of a severe hypertensive response.
Effect of subcutaneously administered diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts by experimentally infected rabbits
Authors: Pan B. L. , Zhang Y. F. , Suo X. , Xue Y. 
Published: October 2010

The effect of subcutaneously injected diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts was studied in experimentally infected rabbits. Diclazuril was administered either prophylactically at 0·5, 1 or 2 mg/kg bodyweight two days before each rabbit was inoculated with 20,000 oocysts of a mixed‐species field isolate of Eimeria or therapeutically at 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg bodyweight five days after they were inoculated. The prophylactic treatments significantly reduced (P<0·05) the output of oocysts in faeces and the numbers in the rabbits' livers at all doses. The therapeutic treatment at 4 mg/kg also caused a significant reduction (P<0·05) in oocyst shedding, but the lower doses resulted in only a moderate reduction. The shedding of the pathogenic species Eimeria stiedae, Eimeria magna, Eimeria irresidua, Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria piriformis and Eimeria intestinalis was significantly reduced (P<0·05) in all the treated groups. The burden of oocysts in the livers of the therapeutic groups (4000 to 9000) were significantly lower (P<0·05) than in the inoculated but untreated control group (23,000), but higher than in the prophylactic groups (around 1000).
Description of the outbreak of bluetongue in Corsica in 2003, and lessons for surveillance
Authors: Gerbier G. , Biteau‐Coroller F. , Grillet C. , Parodi J. , Zientara S. , Baldet T. , Guis H. , Roger F. 
Published: October 2010

Since 1999, several serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) have been isolated in the western part of the Mediterranean basin, and since 2000, Corsica has been exposed to three different serotypes: btv serotype 2 in 2000, btv serotype 4 (btv‐4) in 2003 and btv serotype 16 in 2004. In 2000 there were no surveillance systems for bluetongue, but in 2003, active surveillance of the circulation of btv and its vector Culicoides species, aided by a raised level of awareness in farmers and veterinarians, made it possible to study the introduction of btv‐4. The monitoring and analysis of the seroconversions of sentinel herds of goats, clinical signs and meteorological variables showed that the serotype had been present in the island since May that year, but clinical signs were first observed only in October. Moreover, the weather conditions and wind patterns were suitable for the transport of Culicoides species from Sardinia in May. These observations suggest that btv had been transported on air currents from a southern infected area, and that it could have spread without causing clinical signs of disease for a few months.
Concurrent immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia in 21 dogs
Authors: Goggs R. , Boag A. K. , Chan D. L. 
Published: October 2010

The medical records of 21 dogs with concurrent immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (imha) and severe thrombocytopenia (defined as an automated platelet count of less than 50 × 109/l, confirmed by the examination of a blood smear) were reviewed. Their mean (sd) age was 5·8 (2·5) years. When compared with the 24,759 dogs in the hospital population for the same period Airedale terriers and dobermanns appeared to be over‐represented with odds ratios of 22·5 (95 per cent confidence interval [ci] 5·2 to 97·9) and 7·6 (95 per centci1·8 to 32·7) respectively. The median duration of the dogs' clinical signs was seven days, with a range from one to 17 days. Eleven of the dogs had a history of a tendency to bleed, and 15 had evidence of bleeding when examined. Twenty of the 21 dogs had been treated with glucocorticoids, nine with vincristine, and seven with azathioprine. Their median stay in hospital was four days, with a range from one to 17 days. The median period for which they survived after admission to hospital was five days, with a range from one to 558 days, and 16 of the 21 dogs had died or been euthanased within 30 days of their admission.
Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland
Authors: Lanz Uhde F. , Kaufmann T. , Sager H. , Albini S. , Zanoni R. , Schelling E. , Meylan M. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalences ofCryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, bovine coronavirus (bcv), and enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(E colik99) were determined in diarrhoeic dairy calves aged one to 21 days on 71 dairy farms in western Switzerland during the winter of 2005 to 2006. Faecal samples from 147 untreated calves suffering from acute diarrhoea were analysed by standardised diagnostic methods, and the immunoglobulin status of each calf was evaluated. The prevalences ofC parvum, rotavirus,bcvandE colik99were 55·0 per cent, 58·7 per cent, 7·8 per cent and 5·5 per cent, respectively. The proportions of herds positive for the respective pathogens among the herds with diarrhoeic calves were 41·7 per cent, 52·1 per cent, 2·1 per cent and 2·1 per cent. The immunoglobulin concentration in the serum of 90·5 per cent of the diarrhoeic calves was below 8 g/l.
Effect of tulathromycin on the carrier status of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in the tonsils of pigs
Authors: Angen Ø. , Andreasen M. , Nielsen E. O. , Stockmarr A. , Bækbo P. 
Published: October 2010

The effect of a single or double dose of tulathromycin was evaluated in pigs carrying Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in their tonsils. Twenty‐nine pigs from a reinfected specific pathogen‐free‐herd were selected from animals testing positive in an A pleuropneumoniae serotype 2‐specific pcr test on tonsil scrapings and they were divided into three groups. The pigs in group 1 were treated subcutaneously with 2·5 mg/kg tulathromycin on day 0, the pigs in group 2 were treated with 2·5 mg/kg tulathromycin on days 0 and 4, and the pigs in group 3 were left untreated as controls. The pigs were tested by pcr on tonsil scrapings on days 0, 4, 11 and 33, and on day 33 all the animals were euthanased. There were no significant differences between the numbers of pcr ‐positive animals in the three groups on any of the sampling dates.
Effects of anabolic and therapeutic doses of dexamethasone on thymus morphology and apoptosis in veal calves
Authors: Cannizzo F. T. , Miniscalco B. , Riondato F. , Bollo E. , Barbarino G. , Giorgi P. , Mazzini C. , Biolatti B. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of 10 veal calves were treated, respectively, with 5 mg of dexamethasone‐21‐isonicotinate administered intramuscularly on days 0 and 7 (group A); 0·4 mg/day of dexamethasone‐21‐phosphate administered orally for 20 days (group B); or left untreated as controls (group C). Two animals from each group were slaughtered on day 3, 7, 14, 32 and 52. The size and weight of the thymus decreased progressively in both treated groups until day 32. On day 14, in comparison with the controls, there was a mean reduction of 76 per cent in the thymus weight of group A and 35 per cent in group B. On day 32, the reductions were 13 per cent in group A and 50 per cent in group B, but the thymus weight of both groups had recovered completely by day 52. Dexamethasone‐induced changes in thymus weight associated with lymphoid depletion and fat replacement, and there were clear correlations between these changes and apoptosis of thymocytes.
How often do veterinarians assess the bodyweight and body condition of dogs?
Authors: German A. J. , Morgan L. E. 
Published: October 2010

Measurements of bodyweight and body condition are useful for monitoring the state of health of companion animals, but the frequency with which they are used by veterinarians in general practice is not known. Information derived from 148 dogs was analysed to determine how often their bodyweight and body condition had been assessed. Bodyweight had been measured at least once in 103 (70 per cent) of the dogs. The median time between the measurements was 114 days (range five days to 6·8 years), and the median number of consultations per measurement was four (range one to 44). Body composition had been assessed subjectively in 43 (29 per cent) of the dogs. The median time between the assessments was 216 days (21 days to 6·26 years) and the median number of consultations per assessment was seven (two to 43). A recognised body condition score had been assessed in only one dog on one occasion.