bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sun's X‐ray Emission During the Recent Solar Minimum
Authors: Sylwester Janusz , Kowalinski Mirek , Gburek Szymon , Siarkowski Marek , Kuzin Sergey , Farnik Frantisek , Reale Fabio , Phillips Kenneth J. H. 
Published: March 2010

The Sun recently underwent a period of a remarkable lack of major activity such as large flares and sunspots, without equal since the advent of the space age a half century ago. A widely used measure of solar activity is the amount of solar soft X‐ray emission, but until recently this has been below the threshold of the X‐ray‐monitoring Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). There is thus an urgent need for more sensitive instrumentation to record solar X‐ray emission in this range.Anticipating this need, a highly sensitive spectrophotometer called Solar Photometer in X‐rays (SphinX) was included in the solar telescope/spectrometer TESIS instrument package on the third spacecraft in Russia's Complex Orbital Observations Near‐Earth of Activity of the Sun (CORONAS‐PHOTON) program, launched 30 January 2009 into a near‐polar orbit. SphinX measures X‐rays in a band similar to the GOES longer‐wavelength channel.
U.S. Geological Survey Would Fare Well in Proposed Federal Budget
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: March 2010

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is among the U.S. federal science agencies that would see significant funding increases if Congress approves the Obama administration's proposed budget for fiscal year (FY) 2011. The FY 2011 budget request would provide USGS with $1.13 billion, an increase of $21.6 million, or 1.9%, above the FY 2010 enacted level.“In a time of budget austerity, to have the budget for a science agency like the USGS actually be at a level above 2010—and 2010 was a pretty good budget year for the USGS—is indeed a very good sign,” USGS director Marcia McNutt said at a 1 February budget briefing. “What we are seeing in the USGS budget is the reflection from both the president and the secretary [of the Department of the Interior, of which USGS is part] of their commitment that the problems that the nation is facing right now are problems to which science can help us find an answer,” she said.
Informativeness of St14 VNTR Polymorphic Marker in the Carrier Detection of Hemophilia A
Authors: Arif Beenish , Baig Atif , Mahmood Saqib , Naeem Mohammad 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHemophilia A is the most common hereditary severe disorder of blood clotting. In families affected with hemophilia, genetic analysis provides opportunities to prevent recurrence of the disease. This study establishes a diagnostic strategy for carrier-ship determination in Pakistani population using an extragenic polymorphic marker for the first time. The analysis of St14 VNTR (DXS52) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in order to determine its informativeness in terms of heterozygosity in Pakistani population. This may be a milestone for further analysis of other polymorphic markers for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia. Seventy eight blood samples (Hemophiliac = 23, Normal = 55) from 15 families were analyzed for determining informativeness of St14 VNTR in carrier detection of hemophilia A. A total of nine alleles (2400, 2100, 1750, 1690, 1630, 1570, 1390, 1300, 1220 bp) was detected in the pool of subjects. 19 out of 40 females were found to be carriers with respect to the St14 VNTR polymorphic marker. The marker was informative in 73.33% of families. The expected heterozygosity rate of the St14 VNTR was 0.86 while the observed heterozygosity was 0.7. This shows that St14 VNTR is 70% informative in our population, allowing it to be a useful marker in carrier detection, as informativeness is the direct reflection of heterozygosity of a polymorphic marker.
Interpreting the “Sounds of Silence” in Dual Language Preschools in Qatar: Teacher's Use of Story Retelling and Language Sampling
Authors: Kelly Karen L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Analysis of English and Arabic story retelling in eight dual-language preschool classrooms in Qatar indicated that this method might provide useful data for monitoring children at risk for language delay. Language samples, elicited by teachers during five repeated story-retelling sessions, were obtained from a larger study of the vocabulary data of 157 children. Measures of language productivity included analysis of Total Utterances (TU) and number of Different Word Roots (DWR). Results revealed that 13% of the children who gave no response (NR) in English during the initial session were still non-productive 4 months later, at mid-year. Twenty-one percent of the children demonstrated English DWR more than 1 standard deviation below class means at mid-year and 17% remained below the mean at the end of the year. Review of concurrent Arabic language sampling at mid-year revealed that 7% of the children were non-productive in both languages and 13% achieved Arabic DWR levels that were more than 1 standard deviation below their class mean, with minimal change noted at the end of the year (12%), in spite of daily Arabic and English instruction. Recommendations are offered for SLP-supervised language sampling that facilitates dual language instruction in early childhood classrooms.
The Colorado Journey Towards Optimal Outcomes for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Yoshinaga-Itano Christine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is possible for children who are deaf or hard of hearing to attain language development comparable to their hearing peers, but these outcomes are not guaranteed. The population of children with hearing loss is a diverse population and although the variable of the age of identification is less variable, there are numerous variables that could potentially and have historically impacted language outcomes of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Variables such as hearing loss, maternal level of education, and maternal bonding can overcome the benefits of earlier identification and intervention.
Plasticity in the Human Motor System
Authors: Rothwell John C 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
It is well recognized that the number and effectiveness of synapses in the adult brain changes in response to learning and that similar processes contribute to the restoration of function after central nervous system damage. It is possible to use non-invasive methods of brain stimulation in humans (transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS; or transcranial direct current stimulation, TDCS) to study and even manipulate these processes. Initial studies now are underway to test whether modification of synaptic plasticity by neurostimulation can improve recovery of motor function in patients after stroke.
Transient Cortical Stimulation To Alter Swallowing Physiology
Authors: Humbert Ianessa A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Older adults are disproportionately affected by swallowing impairment, or dysphagia, a condition that can lead to increased morbidity and death. Delayed initiation of swallowing is a common and devastating pathophysiology of neurogenic dysphagia, and also is experienced by healthy older adults, making functional swallowing less safe. It is still not known if differences in activation of the cortex (primary sensory motor region) are responsible for delays in swallowing initiation, or if it is the consequence of advancing age. The goals of this proposal are to understand the functional role of the primary sensory-motor cortex on swallowing initiation and to characterize the effect of aging on swallowing initiation with transient cortical disruption. The overall hypothesis is that transient disruption of the primary sensory-motor cortex will produce measurable delays in swallowing initiation in young and old adults, but older adults will have more pronounced deficits. This investigation will determine whether cortical areas are involved in initiating swallowing as well as the importance of timing on this function.
Case Studies in Reimbursement: Material Adapted From Division 3 Reimbursement Committee Presentation at the 2009 ASHA Annual Convention
Authors: Von Berg Shelley , Hapner Edie R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Special Interest Division 3 continues to focus on increasing awareness among affiliates of correct coding initiatives, updates on reimbursement guidelines, and a resource for questions regarding coding and reimbursement. In November 2009, Division 3 hosted an update on reimbursement issues for voice clinicians at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) annual convention in New Orleans. The purpose of this article is to summarize a number of case study highlights that were presented at the convention by Sandy Schwartz, Dee Nikjeh, Mary Sandage, Mark Kander, and Edie Hapner
Medicare Billing Update
Authors: Kander Mark 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAs of July 2009, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may bill for Medicare services as private practitioners. This article directs SLPs to the rules for enrollment, necessary approvals by physicians and certain physician substitutes, and proper current procedural terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding when submitting claims. Guidance for determination of the exact payment amount for specific geographic areas is covered as well as determination of local Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC) Web sites and their local coverage policies for speech-language-voice and dysphagia services. Special rules apply to SLPs who are employees or contractors of physician groups, and these SLPs also may function as private practitioners in physician office settings if they follow certain rules that insulate SLPs from kickback accusations. The rules governing these SLPs are summarized in this article. Questions regarding reimbursement should be directed to the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee or toReimbursement@asha.org.
Optimal Extraction of Fibre Optic Spectroscopy
Authors: Sharp R. , Birchall M. N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report an optimal extraction methodology, for the reduction of multi-object fibre spectroscopy data, operating in the regime of tightly packed (and hence significantly overlapping) fibre profiles. The routine minimises crosstalk between adjacent fibres and statistically weights the extraction to reduce noise. As an example of the process we use simulations of the numerous modes of operation of the AAOmega fibre spectrograph and observational data from the SPIRAL Integral Field Unit at the Anglo-Australian Telescope.
When Healthy Food Makes You Hungry
Authors: Finkelstein Stacey R. , Fishbach Ayelet 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Do subtle cues for imposed healthy eating make consumers hungry? Imposed healthy eating signals that the health goal was sufficiently met, and thus it increases the strength of the conflicting motive to fulfill one’s appetite. Accordingly, consumers asked to sample an item framed as healthy later reported being hungrier and consumed more food than those who sampled the same item framed as tasty or those who did not eat at all. These effects of healthy eating depend on the consumer’s perception that healthy eating is mandatory; therefore, only imposed healthy eating made consumers hungrier, whereas freely choosing to eat healthy did not increase hunger.
Albertus,MagnusorMagus?Magic, Natural Philosophy, and Religious Reform in the Late Middle Ages*
Authors: Collins David J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes the fifteenth-century attempt by the Dominican order, especially in Cologne, to win canonization for the thirteenth-century natural philosopher Albert the Great. It shows how Albert's thought on natural philosophy and magic was understood and variously applied, how the Dominicans at Cologne composed his vitae, and how the order's Observant movement participated in these developments. It situates the canonization attempt at the intersection of two significant trends in which the order was a leading participant: first, the late medieval efforts to reform Christian society beginning with the religious life of monks and mendicants; second, the increasing concerns about the practice of learned and demonic magic that laid groundwork for the witch-hunting of the early modern period. The article aims to shed light on intersections of science and religion — their apprehension and negotiation — at a decisive moment in European history for both fields of human endeavor.
Constructing Identities in a Music Manuscript: The Medici Codex as a Gift*
Authors: Shephard Tim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe motet manuscript known as the Medici Codex is associated by modern scholarship with the 1518 marriage of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne. It was once thought that the manuscript was made in France and given to Lorenzo by Francis I, but now it is almost unanimously agreed that it was made in Rome under the patronage of Pope Leo X. Since this revision, no one has put forward a detailed view of how the manuscript relates to the circumstances under which it was given and to the individuals involved, or how it functions as a gift. This study places the manuscript in the context of other gifts associated with the marriage to arrive at such a view.
Contract and Exit Decisions in Finisher Hog Production
Authors: Dong Fengxia , Hennessy David A. , Jensen Helen H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFinisher hog production in North America has shifted toward larger units and contract format since 1990. Exit among independent growers has been high. We develop a model showing that growers with any of three efficiency attributes (lower innate hazard of exit, variable costs, or contract adoption costs) are more likely to contract, produce more, and expend more on business protection. Using 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey data, a recursive bivariate probit model confirms that contracting producers are less likely to exit. Specialization increases the probability of contracting. Education, nonfarm income, and older production facilities are significant in increasing expected exit.
ANKYRIN REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2A Is an Essential Molecular Chaperone for Peroxisomal Membrane-Bound ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE3 inArabidopsis
Authors: Shen Guoxin , Kuppu Sundaram , Venkataramani Sujatha , Wang Jing , Yan Juqiang , Qiu Xiaoyun , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana ANKYRIN REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2A (AKR2A) interacts with peroxisomal membrane-bound ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE3 (APX3). This interaction involves the C-terminal sequence of APX3 (i.e., a transmembrane domain plus a few basic amino acid residues). The specificity of the AKR2A–APX3 interaction suggests that AKR2A may function as a molecular chaperone for APX3 because binding of AKR2A to the transmembrane domain can prevent APX3 from forming aggregates after translation. Analysis of three akr2a mutants indicates that these mutant plants have reduced steady state levels of APX3. Reduced expression of AKR2A using RNA interference also leads to reduced steady state levels of APX3 and reduced targeting of APX3 to peroxisomes in plant cells. Since AKR2A also binds specifically to the chloroplast OUTER ENVELOPE PROTEIN7 (OEP7) and is required for the biogenesis of OEP7, AKR2A may serve as a molecular chaperone for OEP7 as well. The pleiotropic phenotype of akr2a mutants indicates that AKR2A plays many important roles in plant cellular metabolism and is essential for plant growth and development.
Vested Interests in Addiction Research and Policy Poisonous partnerships: health sector buy‐in to arrangements with government and addictive consumption industries
Authors: Adams Peter J. , Buetow Stephen , Rossen Fiona 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAim  This paper critically appraises relationship arrangements among three broadly conceived sectors: the government sector, the health sector (including researchers) and addictive consumption industries (particularly tobacco, alcohol and gambling).Method  Three models for involvement are examined. In the ‘tripartite partnership model’ health sector agencies engage as co‐equals with the government and industry sectors in order to implement public health initiatives such as host responsibility and public education. In the ‘non‐ association model’ the health sector engages with government agencies but not with the industry sector. In the ‘managed association model’ the health sector engages for specific purposes with the industry sector but contact is monitored and managed by government agencies.Findings  Government and industry sectors commonly favour tripartite partnership arrangements. Health sector agencies that opt to engage in these partnership arrangements can encounter conflicts of interest and find their voice subsumed by dominant influences. Furthermore, their partnership compliance generates divisions within the health sector, with partnership dissenters often silenced and excluded from policy processes and funding. The non‐association model is the least hazardous to the health sector because it protects against compromise and dominance. The managed association model is an option only when the government sector as a whole is committed strongly and clearly to the public health objectives.Conclusion  In contexts where key parts of the government sector are conflicted over their public health responsibilities, health sector engagement in partnership arrangements entails too many risks.
The added risk of opioid problem use among treatment‐seeking youth with marijuana and/or alcohol problem use
Authors: Subramaniam Geetha A. , Ives Melissa L. , Stitzer Maxine L. , Dennis Michael L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives  To determine the added risk of opioid problem use (OPU) in youth with marijuana/alcohol problem use (MAPU).Methods  A total of 475 youth (ages 14–21 years) with OPU + MAPU were compared to a weighted sample of 475 youth with MAPU only (i.e. no OPU) before and after propensity score matching on gender, age, race, level of care and weekly use of marijuana/alcohol. Youth were recruited from 88 drug treatment sites participating in eight Center for Substance Abuse Treatment‐funded grants. At treatment intake, participants were administered the Global Appraisal of Individual Need to elicit information on demographic, social, substance, mental health, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), physical and legal characteristics. Odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated.Results  The added risk of OPU among MAPU youth was associated with greater comorbidity; higher rates of psychiatric symptoms and trauma/victimization; greater needle use and sex‐related HIV risk behaviours; and greater physical distress. The OPU + MAPU group was less likely to be African American or other race and more likely to be aged 15–17 years, Caucasian; report weekly drug use at home and among peers; engage in illegal behaviors and be confined longer; have greater substance abuse severity and polydrug use; and use mental health and substance abuse treatment services.Conclusions  These findings expand upon the existing literature and highlight the substantial incremental risk of OPU on multiple comorbid areas among treatment‐seeking youth. Further evaluation is needed to assess their outcomes following standard drug treatment and to evaluate specialized interventions for this subgroup of severely impaired youth.
Brief screening questionnaires to identify problem drinking during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Burns Ethel , Gray Ron , Smith Lesley A. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Although prenatal screening for problem drinking during pregnancy has been recommended, guidance on screening instruments is lacking. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of brief alcohol screening questionnaires to identify problem drinking in pregnant women.Methods  Electronic databases from their inception to June 2008 were searched, as well as reference lists of eligible papers and related review papers. We sought cohort or cross‐sectional studies that compared one or more brief alcohol screening questionnaire(s) with reference criteria obtained using structured interviews to detect ‘at‐risk’ drinking, alcohol abuse or dependency in pregnant women receiving prenatal care.Results  Five studies (6724 participants) were included. In total, seven instruments were evaluated: TWEAK (Tolerance, Worried, Eye‐opener, Amnesia, Kut down), T‐ACE [Take (number of drinks), Annoyed, Cut down, Eye‐opener], CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye‐opener], NET (Normal drinker, Eye‐opener, Tolerance), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), AUDIT‐C (AUDIT‐consumption) and SMAST (Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test). Study quality was generally good, but lack of blinding was a common weakness. For risk drinking sensitivity was highest for T‐ACE (69‐88%), TWEAK (71–91%) and AUDIT‐C (95%), with high specificity (71–89%, 73–83% and 85%, respectively). CAGE and SMAST performed poorly. Sensitivity of AUDIT‐C at score ≥3 was high for past year alcohol dependence (100%) or alcohol use disorder (96%) with moderate specificity (71% each). For life‐time alcohol dependency the AUDIT at score ≥8 performed poorly.Conclusion  T‐ACE, TWEAK and AUDIT‐C show promise for screening for risk drinking, and AUDIT‐C may also be useful for identifying alcohol dependency or abuse. However, their performance as stand‐alone tools is uncertain, and further evaluation of questionnaires for prenatal alcohol use is warranted.
The effect of time spent in treatment and dropout status on rates of convictions, cautions and imprisonment over 5 years in a primary care‐led methadone maintenance service
Authors: Oliver Phillip , Keen Jenny , Rowse Georgina , Ewins Elizabeth , Griffiths Laura , Mathers Nigel 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTBackground  Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in primary care settings is used increasingly as a standard method of delivering treatment for heroin users. It has been shown to reduce criminal activity and incarceration over periods of periods of 12 months or less; however, little is known about the effect of this treatment over longer durations.Aims  To examine the association between treatment status and rates of convictions and cautions (judicial disposals) over a 5‐year period in a cohort of heroin users treated in a general practitioner (GP)‐led MMT service.Design  Cohort study.Setting  The primary care clinic for drug dependence, Sheffield, 1999–2005.Participants  The cohort comprised 108 consecutive patients who were eligible and entered treatment. Ninety were followed‐up for the full 5 years.Intervention  The intervention consisted of MMT provided by GPs in a primary care clinic setting.Measurements  Criminal conviction and caution rates and time spent in prison, derived from Police National Computer (PNC) criminal records.Findings  The overall reduction in the number of convictions and cautions expected for patients entering MMT in similar primary care settings is 10% for each 6 months retained in treatment. Patients in continuous treatment had the greatest reduction in judicial disposal rates, similar to those who were discharged for positive reasons (e.g. drug free). Patients who had more than one treatment episode over the observation period did no better than those who dropped out of treatment.Conclusions  MMT delivered in a primary care clinic setting is effective in reducing convictions and cautions and incarceration over an extended period. Continuous treatment is associated with the greatest reductions.