bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A descriptive analysis of notifiable gastrointestinal illness in the Northwest Territories, Canada, 1991–2008
Authors: Pardhan-Ali Aliya , Wilson Jeff , Edge Victoria L , Furgal Chris , Reid-Smith Richard , Santos Maria , McEwen Scott A 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo describe the major characteristics of reported notifiable gastrointestinal illness (NGI) data in the Northwest Territories (NWT) from January 1991 through December 2008.DesignDescriptive analysis of 708 reported cases of NGI extracted from the Northwest Territories Communicable Disease Registry (NWT CDR).SettingPrimary, secondary and tertiary health care centres across all 33 communities of the NWT.PopulationNWT residents of all ages with confirmed NGI reported to the NWT CDR from January 1991 through December 2008.Main outcome measureLaboratory-confirmed NGI, with a particular emphasis on campylobacteriosis, giardiasis and salmonellosis.ResultsCampylobacteriosis, giardiasis and salmonellosis were the most commonly identified types of NGI in the territory. Seasonal peaks for all three diseases were observed in late summer to autumn (p<0.01). Higher rates of NGI (all 15 diseases/infections) were found in the 0–9-year age group and in men (p<0.01). Similarly, rates of giardiasis were higher in the 0–9-year age group and in men (p<0.02). A disproportionate burden of salmonellosis was found in people aged 60 years and older and in women (p<0.02). Although not significant, the incidence of campylobacteriosis was greater in the 20–29-years age group and in men (p<0.07). The health authority with the highest incidence of NGI was Yellowknife (p<0.01), while for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, it was Tlicho (p<0.01) and for giardiasis, the Sahtu region (p<0.01). Overall, disease rates were higher in urban areas (p<0.01). Contaminated eggs, poultry and untreated water were believed by health practitioners to be important sources of infection in cases of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis and giardiasis, respectively.ConclusionsThe general patterns of these findings suggest that environmental and behavioural risk factors played key roles in infection. Further research into potential individual and community-level risk factors is warranted.
Patient self-assessment of hospital pain, mood and health-related quality of life in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Anie Kofi A , Grocott Hannah , White Lauren , Dzingina Mendwas , Rogers Gabriel , Cho Gavin 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionAcute pain is a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) for which frequent hospital admissions may be required, affecting the quality of life of patients.ObjectivesTo characterise the relationship between adult patient self-reported sickle cell pain, mood and quality of life during and after hospital admissions.DesignLongitudinal study across three time-points.SettingSecondary care, single specialist sickle cell centre.Participants510 adult patients with SCD admitted to hospital daycare or inpatient units.Outcome measuresSelf-assessments of pain, mood and health-related quality of life with health utility (measured on the EQ-5D) on admission, before discharge and at 1-week postdischarge.ResultsMood, general health and quality of life showed significant steady improvements with reduction of pain in patients with SCD on admission to hospital, before discharge and at 1-week follow-up (p<0.01). Health utility scores derived from the EQ-5D showed a negative association with pain in regression analysis over the three time-points.ConclusionExamining health-related quality of life and health utility in relation to pain during hospital admissions is valuable in terms of targeting appropriate psychological interventions within the context of a multidisciplinary approach to managing sickle cell pain. This has implications for healthcare costs.
Transvaginal ultrasound probe contamination by the human papillomavirus in the emergency department
Authors: Ma Shuk Ting Christine , Yeung A C , Chan Paul Kay Sheung , Graham Colin A 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo determine if human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA can be detected on the transvaginal sonography (TVS) probe in the emergency department (ED) and whether the current barrier method plus disinfection can prevent HPV contamination of the TVS probe.MethodsThis was a two-part cross-sectional study. In the first part, surveillance samples were taken from the TVS probe for HPV DNA detection daily for 2 months. In the second part, patients presenting with early pregnancy complications were identified in the ED and high vaginal swabs were taken for HPV DNA testing. Several probe swabs were taken to identify if contamination was possible in cases where the procedure was done on an HPV carrier.ResultsA total of 120 surveillance samples were obtained, nine of which (7.5%) tested positive for HPV DNA. In the second part, 76 women were recruited, of whom 14 (18.4%) were HPV carriers. After the procedure and disinfection of the probe, three out of the 14 probe samples (21%) were HPV DNA positive.ConclusionsHPV is commonly encountered in the ED and contamination of the TVS probe with HPV is possible. Although it is difficult to prove the viability and infectivity of the virus, vigilant infection control measures should be maintained.
The potential impact of a social redistribution of specific risk factors on socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: illustration of a method based on population attributable fractions
Authors: Hoffmann Rasmus , Eikemo Terje Andreas , Kulhánová Ivana , Dahl Espen , Deboosere Patrick , Dzúrová Dagmar , van Oyen Herman , Rychtaříková Jitka , Strand Bjørn Heine , Mackenbach Johan P 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundSocioeconomic differences in health are a major challenge for public health. However, realistic estimates to what extent they are modifiable are scarce. This problem can be met through the systematic application of the population attributable fraction (PAF) to socioeconomic health inequalities.MethodsThe authors used cause-specific mortality data by educational level from Belgium, Norway and Czech Republic and data on the prevalence of smoking, alcohol, lack of physical activity and high body mass index from national health surveys. Information on the impact of these risk factors on mortality comes from the epidemiological literature. The authors calculated PAFs to quantify the impact on socioeconomic health inequalities of a social redistribution of risk factors. The authors developed an Excel tool covering a wide range of possible scenarios and the authors compare the results of the PAF approach with a conventional regression.ResultsIn a scenario where the whole population gets the risk factor prevalence currently seen among the highly educated inequalities in mortality can be reduced substantially. According to the illustrative results, the reduction of inequality for all risk factors combined varies between 26% among Czech men and 94% among Norwegian men. Smoking has the highest impact for both genders, and physical activity has more impact among women.ConclusionsAfter discussing the underlying assumptions of the PAF, the authors concluded that the approach is promising for estimating the extent to which health inequalities can be potentially reduced by interventions on specific risk factors. This reduction is likely to differ substantially between countries, risk factors and genders.
Repeat chlamydia screening among adolescents: cohort study in a school-based programme in New Orleans
Authors: Low Nicola , Forster Mathieu , Taylor Stephanie N , Nsuami M Jacques 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo describe uptake of chlamydia screening, determine rates of repeated yearly screening and investigate determinants of repeated participation in an organised school-based screening programme.MethodsThe authors analysed data from 1995 to 2005 from female and male students in up to 13 schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The authors calculated proportions of students tested among all enrolled students and among those with parental consent and the percentage of positive chlamydia tests in each school year. The authors used random effects logistic regression to examine the effect of past screening history on subsequent participation.Results35 041 students were registered for at least one school year. Overall coverage was >30% in all school years. Among all students registered for 4 years, 10.6% (95% CI 9.3% to 12.0%) of women and 12.7% (95% CI 11.2% to 14.2%) of men had a test every year. Among students with parental consent for 4 years, 49.3% (95% CI 44.6% to 54.1%) of women and 59.3% (95% CI 54.5% to 64.0%) of men had a test every year. Among students registered for 2 or more years, those with a previous positive chlamydia test were less likely to have a subsequent test (female adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.88 and male adjusted OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.02). Chlamydia positivity increased over time.ConclusionsHigh levels of uptake can be achieved in school-based chlamydia screening programmes, but repeated yearly screening is difficult to sustain over time.
NAC1 Is an Actin-Binding Protein That Is Essential for Effective Cytokinesis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Yap Kai Lee , Fraley Stephanie I. , Thiaville Michelle M. , Jinawath Natini , Nakayama Kentaro , Wang Jianlong , Wang Tian-Li , Wirtz Denis , Shih Ie-Ming 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
NAC1 is a transcriptional corepressor protein that is essential to sustain cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAC1 function in cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we show that NAC1 functions as an actin monomer–binding protein. The conserved BTB protein interaction domain in NAC1 is the minimal region for actin binding. Disrupting NAC1 complex function by dominant-negative or siRNA strategies reduced cell retraction and abscission during late-stage cytokinesis, causing multinucleation in cancer cells. In Nac1-deficient murine fibroblasts, restoring NAC1 expression was sufficient to partially avert multinucleation. We found that siRNA-mediated silencing of the actin-binding protein profilin-1 in cancer cells caused a similar multinucleation phenotype and that NAC1 modulated the binding of actin to profillin-1. Taken together, our results indicate that the NAC1/actin/profilin-1 complex is crucial for cancer cell cytokinesis, with a variety of important biologic and clinical implications. Cancer Res; 72(16); 4085–96. ©2012 AACR.
HG-829 Is a Potent Noncompetitive Inhibitor of the ATP-Binding Cassette Multidrug Resistance Transporter ABCB1
Authors: Caceres Gisela , Robey Robert W. , Sokol Lubomir , McGraw Kathy L. , Clark Justine , Lawrence Nicholas J. , Sebti Said M. , Wiese Michael , List Alan F. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Transmembrane drug export mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein contributes to clinical resistance to antineoplastics. In this study, we identified the substituted quinoline HG-829 as a novel, noncompetitive, and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor that overcomes in vitro and in vivo drug resistance. We found that nontoxic concentrations of HG-829 restored sensitivity to P-glycoprotein oncolytic substrates. In ABCB1-overexpressing cell lines, HG-829 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity to daunorubicin, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, and etoposide. Coadministration of HG-829 fully restored in vivo antitumor activity of daunorubicin in mice without added toxicity. Functional assays showed that HG-829 is not a Pgp substrate or competitive inhibitor of Pgp-mediated drug efflux but rather acts as a noncompetitive modulator of P-glycoprotein transport function. Taken together, our findings indicate that HG-829 is a potent, long-acting, and noncompetitive modulator of P-glycoprotein export function that may offer therapeutic promise for multidrug-resistant malignancies. Cancer Res; 72(16); 4204–13. ©2012 AACR.
Chromosome 5q Loss in Colorectal Flat Adenomas
Authors: Voorham Quirinus J.M. , Carvalho Beatriz , Spiertz Angela J. , van Grieken Nicole C.T. , Mongera Sandra , Rondagh Eveline J.A. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Ylstra Bauke , Kliment Martin , Grabsch Heike , Rembacken Bjorn J. , Arai Tomio , de Bruïne Adriaan P. , Sanduleanu Silvia , Quirke Philip , Mulder Chris J.J. , van Engeland Manon , Meijer Gerrit A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: Flat adenomas are a subgroup of colorectal adenomas that have been associated with a more aggressive clinical behavior compared with their polypoid counterparts. Here, we aimed to compare one of the molecular changes most explicitly associated with adenoma to carcinoma progression, that is, chromosomal instability, between flat and polypoid colorectal adenomas.Experimental Design: Consecutive series of 83 flat and 35 polypoid adenomas were analyzed for DNA copy number changes using a high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization platform, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and for mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Immunohistochemical stainings for CD3, CD8, and FoxP3 expression were carried out.Results: Patterns of DNA copy number changes differed between the two phenotypes, with significantly more frequent loss of 5q14.3 and 5q15-q31.1 in flat adenomas, whereas losses of 1p36.32-p35.3, 10q25.3, 17p12, and chromosome 18 were more frequent in polypoid adenomas (false discovery rate &lt; 0.2). MSI was observed in one flat adenoma. As the 5q15-q31.1 region harbors the APC locus, APC mutation status was investigated, showing significantly less mutations in flat adenomas (P = 0.04). An initial exploration of a possible association of 5q loss with inflammation indicated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were more abundant in the stroma of flat adenomas compared with that of polypoid adenomas.Conclusion: Flat and polypoid adenomas have partially distinct chromosomal profiles, consistent with differences in the biology underlying these phenotypes. Alterations more specific to flat adenomas, in particular 5q loss, may be associated with inflammation. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4560–9. ©2012 AACR.
Antithrombotic Properties of Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules
Authors: Kramkowski Karol , Leszczynska Agnieszka , Mogielnicki Andrzej , Chlopicki Stefan , Fedorowicz Andrzej , Grochal Elzbieta , Mann Brian , Brzoska Tomasz , Urano Tetsumei , Motterlini Roberto , Buczko Wlodzimierz 
Published: July 2012

Objective—
We compared the antithrombotic effects in vivo of 2 chemically different carbon monoxide–releasing molecules (CORM-A1 and CORM-3) on arterial and venous thrombus formation and on hemostatic parameters such as platelet activation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The hypotensive response to CORMs and their effects on whole blood gas analysis and blood cell count were also examined.

Methods and Results—
CORM-A1 (10–30 µmol/kg, i.v.), in a dose-dependent fashion, significantly decreased weight of electrically induced thrombus in rats, whereas CORM-3 inhibited thrombosis only at the highest dose used (30 µmol/kg). CORM-A1 showed a direct and stronger inhibition of platelet aggregation than CORM-3 in healthy rats, both in vitro and in vivo. The antiaggregatory effect of CORM-A1, but not CORM-3, correlated positively with weight of the thrombus. Concentration of active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in plasma also decreased in response to CORM-A1, but not to CORM-3. Neither CORM-A1 nor CORM-3 had an effect on plasma concentration of active tissue plasminogen activator. CORM-3, but not CORM-A1, decreased the concentration of fibrinogen, fibrin generation, and prolonged prothrombin time. Similarly, laser-induced venous thrombosis observed intravitally via confocal system in green fluorescent protein mice was significantly decreased by CORMs. Although both CORM-A1 and CORM-3 (30 µmol/kg) decreased platelets accumulation in thrombus, only CORM-A1 (3–30 µmol/kg) inhibited platelet activation to phosphatidylserine on their surface.

Conclusion—
CORM-3 and CORM-A1 inhibited thrombosis in vivo, however CORM-A1, which slowly releases carbon monoxide, and displayed a relatively weak hypotensive effect had a more pronounced antithrombotic effect associated with a stronger inhibition of platelet aggregation associated with a decrease in active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentration. In contrast, the fast CO releaser CORM-3 that displayed a more pronounced hypotensive effect inhibited thrombosis primarily through a decrease in fibrin generation, but had no direct influence on platelet aggregation and fibrynolysis.
Caveolin-1 Plays a Critical Role in the Differentiation of Monocytes into Macrophages
Authors: Fu Yi , Moore Xiao-Lei , Lee Man K. S. , Fernández-Rojo Manuel A. , Parat Marie-Odile , Parton Robert G. , Meikle Peter J. , Sviridov Dmitri , Chin-Dusting Jaye P. F. 
Published: July 2012

Objective—
Monocyte to macrophage differentiation is an essential step in atherogenesis. The structure protein of caveolae, caveolin-1, is increased in primary monocytes after its adhesion to endothelium. We explore the hypothesis that caveolin-1 plays a role in monocyte differentiation to macrophages.

Methods and Results—
Both phorbol myristate acetate–induced THP-1 and colony-stimulating factor–induced primary monocyte differentiation was associated with an increase in cellular caveolin-1 expression. Overexpression of caveolin-1 by transfection increased macrophage surface markers and inflammatory genes, whereas caveolin-1 knockdown by small interfering RNA or knockout reduced these. Also, caveolin-1 knockdown inhibited the differentiation–induced nuclear translocation of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) through extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, further decreased the binding of EGR-1 to CD115 promoter, thus decreasing EGR-1 transcriptional activity. In functional assays, caveolin-1 inhibited transmigration but promoted phagocytosis in the monocyte–macrophage lineage. Decreasing caveolin-1 inhibited the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein and reduced cellular lipid content. Finally, we showed that caveolin-1 knockout mice displayed less monocyte differentiation than wild-type mice and that EGR-1 transcription activity was also decreased in these mice because of the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.

Conclusion—
Caveolin-1 promotes monocyte to macrophage differentiation through the regulation of EGR-1 transcriptional activity, suggesting that phagocytic caveolin-1 may be critical for atherogenesis.
Flow Patterns at Stented Coronary Bifurcations
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Theodorakakos Andreas , Pantos Ioannis , Gavaises Manolis , Karcanias Nicos , Efstathopoulos Efstathios P. 
Published: July 2012

Background—
The ideal bifurcation stenting technique is not established, and data on the hemodynamic characteristics at stented bifurcations are limited.

Methods and Results—

We used computational fluid dynamics analysis to assess hemodynamic parameters known affect the risk of restenosis and thrombosis at coronary bifurcations after the use of various single- and double-stenting techniques. We assessed the distributions and surface integrals of the time averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (t
r
). Single main branch stenting without side branch balloon angioplasty or stenting provided the most favorable hemodynamic results (integrated values of TAWSS=4.13·10
−4
N, OSI=7.52·10
−6
m
2
, t
r
=5.57·10
−4
m
2
/Pa) with bifurcational area subjected to OSI values >0.25, >0.35, and >0.45 calculated as 0.36 mm
2
, 0.04 mm
2
, and 0 mm
2
, respectively. Extended bifurcation areas subjected to these OSI values were seen after T-stenting: 0.61 mm
2
, 0.18 mm
2
, and 0.02 mm
2
, respectively. Among the considered double-stenting techniques, crush stenting (integrated values of TAWSS=1.18·10
−4
N, OSI=7.75·10
−6
m
2
, t
r
=6.16·10
−4
m
2
/Pa) gave the most favorable results compared with T-stenting (TAWSS=0.78·10
−4
N, OSI=10.40·10
−6
m
2
, t
r
=6.87·10
−4
m
2
/Pa) or the culotte technique (TAWSS=1.30· 10
−4
N, OSI=9.87·10
−6
m
2
, t
r
=8.78·10
−4
m
2
/Pa).

Conclusions—
In the studied models of computer simulations, stenting of the main branch with our without balloon angioplasty of the side branch offers hemodynamic advantages over double stenting. When double stenting is considered, the crush technique with the use of a thin-strut stent may result in improved immediate hemodynamics compared with culotte or T-stenting.
Statins and the Risk of Cancer After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Fröhlich Georg Marcus , Rufibach Kaspar , Enseleit Frank , Wolfrum Mathias , von Babo Michelle , Frank Michelle , Berli Reto , Hermann Mathias , Holzmeister Johannes , Wilhelm Markus , Falk Volkmar , Noll Georg , Lüscher Thomas F. , Ruschitzka Frank 
Published: July 2012

Background—
Although newer immunosuppressive agents, such as mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitors, have lowered the occurrence of malignancies after transplantation, cancer is still a leading cause of death late after heart transplantation. Statins may have an impact on clinical outcomes beyond their lipid-lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to delineate whether statin therapy has an impact on cancer risk and total mortality after heart transplantation.

Methods and Results—

A total of 255 patients who underwent heart transplantation at the University Hospital Zurich between 1985 and 2007 and survived the first year were included in the present study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of any malignancy; the secondary end point was overall survival. During follow-up, a malignancy was diagnosed in 108 patients (42%). The cumulative incidence of tumors 8 years after transplantation was reduced in patients receiving a statin (34% versus 13%; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.43 versus 0.07–0.18;
P
<0.003). Statin use was associated with improved cancer-free and overall survival (both
P
<0.0001). A Cox regression model that analyzed the time to tumor formation with or without statin therapy, adjusted for age, male sex, type of cardiomyopathy, and immunosuppressive therapy (including switch to mTOR inhibitors or tacrolimus), demonstrated a superior survival in the statin group. Statins reduced the hazard of occurrence of any malignancy by 67% (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.51;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
Although it is not possible to adjust for all potential confounders because of the very long follow-up period, this registry suggests that statin use is associated with improved cancer-free and overall survival after cardiac transplantation. These data will need to be confirmed in a prospective trial.