bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructive endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Willis covered stent: medium-term clinical and angiographic follow-up
Authors: Tan Hua-Qiao , Li Ming-Hua , Zhang Pei-Lei , Li Yong-Dong , Wang Jian-Bo , Zhu Yue-Qi , Wang Wu 
Published: October 2010

Object
Placement of covered stents has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for cerebrovascular diseases. However, the medium- and long-term efficacy and safety of covered stents in the treatment of these diseases remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medium-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of covered stent placement for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods
The authors' institutional review board approved the study. Thirty-four patients (13 females and 21 males; mean age 41.9 years) with 38 intracranial aneurysms were treated with the Willis covered stent. Clinical and angiographic follow-up were performed at 3 months, at 6–12 months, and annually thereafter. The initial procedural and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Forty-two covered stents were successfully implanted into the target artery in 33 patients with 37 aneurysms, and 1 covered stent navigation failed in 1 patient. A complete aneurysm exclusion was initially achieved in 24 patients with 28 aneurysms, and a minor endoleak occurred in 9 patients with 9 aneurysms. Postoperatively, 2 patients died of complications related to the procedure. Angiographic and clinical follow-up data are available in 30 patients. The angiographic follow-up (17.5 ± 9.4 months [mean ± SD]) exhibited complete occlusion in 28 patients with 31 aneurysms, and incomplete occlusion in 2 aneurysms, with an asymptomatic in-stent stenosis in 3 patients (10%). The clinical follow-up (26.7 ± 13 months [mean ± SD]) demonstrated that 16 patients (53.3%) experienced a full recovery, and 14 patients (46.7%) improved. No aneurysm rupture, thromboembolic events, or neurological deficits resulting from closure of a perforating vessel by covered stent placement occurred.

Conclusions
Endovascular reconstruction with the Willis covered stent represents a safe, durable, and curative treatment option for selected intracranial aneurysms, yielding an excellent medium-term patency of the parent artery and excellent clinical outcomes.
Le Code civil et l’Italie
Authors: Alpa Guido 
Published: October 2010

Le Code civil accompagne l’histoire du droit civil italien depuis 1806, date à laquelle la version italienne du Code est publiée à Milan sous le titre de Code civil du Royaume d’Italie. Ce code constitue le modèle des Codes civils de l’Italie pré-unitaire, du Code civil de 1865 de l’Italie unie et représente encore un point de repère pour la culture italienne du vingtième siècle, au cours duquel une tentative d’un Code des obligations franco-italien a été élaborée. Même après le code de 1942, le Code civil français et la culture juridique française sont encore considérés comme des modèles et comme des interlocuteurs irremplaçables. Dans ces pages on examinera le Code civil
d’une façon critique suivant la perspective des juristes italiens qui en ont célébré le succès, la diffusion et l’application en Italie et on envisagera la structure des institutions de droit civil qui aujourd’hui sont encore à la base du droit civil italien. Il s’agit d’une lecture technique idéologique, sociologique qui exprime toute l’admiration pour les «Pères» du Code et en souligne la nature d’un véritable «monument historique».
L’inflation législative - quelques repères méthodologiques sur l’exemple de la législation polonaise
Authors: Zwiersykowski Piotr 
Published: October 2010

Cette étude se veut d’examiner la pertinence méthodologique des données citées couramment dans les débats portant sur l’inflation normative - sur l’exemple de la législation polonaise. Le caractère dérisoire des données primaires du Journal des Lois
(nombre de numéros, de pages, etc.) et l’impossibilité de cibler les normes juridiques, conduisent à analyser les variations annuelles de la production des actes législatifs. Les considérations méthodologiques impliquent d’abord l’exclusion des textes dépourvus de valeur matériellement législative et •ce qui constitue le plus grand défi - des actes
purement modificatifs qui prolifèrent au sein de la législation contemporaine. L’auteur se penche ensuite sur les différentes mesures de longueur des lois et décrets en montrant les limites de leur pertinence dues notamment à l’impact des actes codificatifs volumineux ainsi qu’à l’évolution de la technique législative et de la mise en page des textes dans le recueil officiel. Tous ces éléments influent considérablement les calculs des moyennes et l’interprétation des tendances. Malgré l’objectif principalement méthodologique de l’article, on y trouve des arguments confortant la thèse inflationniste en Pologne, surtout dans les années 90.
Les apports de Wittgenstein à la réflexion comparatiste
Authors: Richard Pascal 
Published: October 2010

The study tries to demontrate the interest of the concepts built by L. Wittgenstein, with regard to a better understanding of the comparative law. The “linguistic turning”,
“anthropological” and finally “grammatical” are requested in order to give some lightings which are interesting to our legal practice. The “linguistic turning” allows to present law as real linguistic phenomenon and to consider subordinating the enforcable
norms to the rules of the language. The “anthropological turning” demonstrates that the “plays of the language” fitted to our “legal language”, understood as “language of speciality”, is based on a cultural conception of the forms of living transposed in law through of the concept of institution which is restive at a too high generalization. Finally, the “grammatical turning” justifies the presence of “a play” – and of a grammar – fitted to our practice translation and which confirms that the language is not only a system.
L’allemansträtt ou une conception particulière du droit de propriété en droit suédois
Authors: von Plauen Frédérique 
Published: October 2010

The allemansrätt, Swedish constitutional law, devotes a right of access to the nature for the public, that is through the right of gathering, the right-of-way or the right of temporary residence. Only trespassing the «boundaries of tolerance», namely of inflicting serious damage to nature and constituting an important damage for the owner, can restrict the use of the allemansrätt. The characteristic of this right thus holds in its relationship to the right of ownership: the allemansrätt is considered as well on public grounds belonging to the State, or the communities, as on purely private properties; for instance, a forest owner cannot prohibit the entry of his forest to the citizens. For a better understanding of this right, which is quite incompatible with French design of the humans right (with a right of property quasi-absolute), the theories of Hohfeld on the classification of the rights (between freedoms, claims, immunities or power) seem to be well adapted. Finally, beyond this classification, the private property is not really any more a private property, without being completely a public property neither, the
allemansrätt then makes it possible to highlight the concepts of «common good», and even «good of the environment» which seem to very precisely qualify this Scandinavian particularity.
Organization, anatomy, and fungal endophytes of a Triassic conifer embryo
Authors: Schwendemann Andrew B. , Taylor Thomas N. , Taylor Edith L. , Krings Michael 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: Much is known about the Paleozoic conifers and the conifers assignable to extant families that appear in the Jurassic; however, relatively little is known about the transitional conifers of the early Mesozoic, especially the Voltziales. To better understand the evolution of this group, we aim to increase knowledge of voltzialean anatomy and morphology. A fossil embryo of the group is described in this study.• Methods: Several permineralized seeds, one containing a well‐preserved embryo, were collected from the early Middle Triassic Fremouw Peak locality in the Central Transantarctic Mountains. Samples were prepared using the standard acetate peel technique and studied in transmitted light.• Key results: The embryo belongs to Parasciadopitys aequata, a member of the Voltziales. The embryo and megagametophyte tissues are exquisitely preserved. The embryo is colonized by two distinct fungi. Sporocarps of the fungi are found in the megagametophyte and in the space between the megagametophyte and nucellus. The additions of embryo and megagametophyte characters to the description of P. aequata have made it one of the most completely known fossil taxa reproductively.• Conclusions: Preservation of fossil embryos, although rare, can expand the array of characters available in tracing the evolutionary history of plants. The embryo of P. aequata shares similarities with embryos of other extinct and extant conifer families. The association of the embryo with Combresomyces cornifer and Mycocarpon asterineum increases our understanding of the roles of microorganisms in Triassic ecosystems.
The not‐sure response option in sequential lineup practice
Authors: Steblay Nancy K. , Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractField implementation of double‐blind sequential lineups has prompted a question about the impact on eyewitness decisions of an explicit not‐sure response option. In this laboratory study, a video crime was viewed by 378 participants who then attempted to identify the culprit from a six‐person sequential or simultaneous‐format lineup that either included or did not include the culprit. Witnesses were provided either dichotomous forced‐choice (FC) response categories (yes/no) or a not‐sure option as one of three response categories (yes/no/not‐sure). The not‐sure option (NSO) significantly decreased witness choosing compared to the FC condition but only for sequential lineups. Both correct identifications and false alarms decreased. Diagnosticity was greatest for a sequential lineup with a NSO. The results suggest a criterion decision shift for witnesses who view a sequential lineup with a not‐sure response option. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the hydrodynamic behaviors of aerobic granules
Authors: Liu Li , Sheng Guo‐Ping , Li Wen‐Wei , Zeng Raymond J. , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAerobic granular sludge has been recognized to be promising for wastewater treatment. Their hydrodynamic characteristics have a significant impact on the mass transfer process in reactors. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of aerobic granules were studied using an experimental approach, and their fluid dynamic behaviors were analyzed using a numerical approach. Experimental results show that the aerobic granules are fractal‐like aggregates with porosity. Their porosity and permeability were found to increase with increasing granule size. The numerical model simulated the flow field surrounding a granule, which distinguished the flow behaviors of the granules with different permeability at different outflow Reynolds numbers. The velocity vectors colored by velocity magnitude in the granule internal depended significantly on the permeability of the granule and the Reynolds number. The results provided a helpful tool to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of aerobic granules with a consideration of their porous structure characteristics. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Multiobjective optimization of multiproduct batch plants scheduling under environmental and economic concerns
Authors: Capón‐García Elisabet , Bojarski Aarón D. , Espuña Antonio , Puigjaner Luis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn batch process scheduling, production trade‐offs arise from the simultaneous consideration of different objectives. Economic goals are expressed in terms of plant profitability and productivity, whereas the environmental objectives are evaluated by means of metrics originated from the use of life cycle assessment methodology. This work illustrates a novel approach for decision making by using multiobjective optimization. In addition, different metrics are proposed to select a possible compromise based on the distance to a nonexistent utopian solution, whose objective function values are all optimal. Thus, this work provides a deeper insight into the influence of the metrics selection for both environmental and economic issues while considering the trade‐offs of adopting a particular schedule. The use of this approach is illustrated through its application to a case study related to a multiproduct acrylic fiber production plant, special attention is put to the influence of product changeovers. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 2766–2782, 2010
Dopant induced effect on electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene using conducting polypyrrole thin film electrodes
Authors: Adhikari Arindam , Radhakrishnan S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConducting polypyrrole electrodes were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on vacuum‐metallized glass substrates. These electrodes were modified by doping with a range of metal halides as dopant ions having different electronegativity. Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene using these electrodes was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry technique in acetonitrile medium containing aqueous HClO4 (0.1M) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that the electronegativity of the dopant ion played a very important role in the electrocatalytic activity. Polypyrrole doped with nickel chloride gave the highest anodic current at the reduction potential of nitrobenzene. The results were explained on the basis of charge transfer efficiency at the electrode–electrolyte interface, which was associated with the acceptor state created by the dopant in the semi‐conducting polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Most common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis in persons of European ancestry confer risk of rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans
Authors: Hughes Laura B. , Reynolds Richard J. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Kelley James M. , Thomson Brian , Conn Doyt L. , Jonas Beth L. , Westfall Andrew O. , Padilla Miguel A. , Callahan Leigh F. , Smith Edwin A. , Brasington Richard D. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Kimberly Robert P. , Moreland Larry W. , Plenge Robert M. , Bridges S. Louis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveLarge‐scale genetic association studies have identified >20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk alleles among individuals of European ancestry. The influence of these risk alleles has not been comprehensively studied in African Americans. We therefore sought to examine whether these validated RA risk alleles are associated with RA risk in an African American population.MethodsTwenty‐seven candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 556 autoantibody‐positive African Americans with RA and 791 healthy African American control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each SNP were compared with previously published ORs for RA patients of European ancestry. We then calculated a composite genetic risk score (GRS) for each individual based on the sum of all risk alleles.ResultsOverlap of the ORs and 95% CIs between the European and African American populations was observed for 24 of the 27 candidate SNPs. Conversely, 3 of the 27 SNPs (CCR6 rs3093023, TAGAP rs394581, and TNFAIP3 rs6920220) demonstrated ORs in the opposite direction from those reported for RA patients of European ancestry. The GRS analysis indicated a small but highly significant probability that African American patients relative to control subjects were enriched for the risk alleles validated in European RA patients (P = 0.00005).ConclusionThe majority of RA risk alleles previously validated for RA patients of European ancestry showed similar ORs in our population of African Americans with RA. Furthermore, the aggregate GRS supports the hypothesis that these SNPs are risk alleles for RA in the African American population. Future large‐scale genetic studies are needed to validate these risk alleles and identify novel RA risk alleles in African Americans.
Synthesis, Two‐Photon Absorption and Optical Limiting Properties of Multi‐branched Styryl Derivatives Based on 1,3,5‐Triazine
Authors: Jiang Yihua , Wang Yaochuan , Wang Bing , Yang Jiabao , He Nannan , Qian Shixiong , Hua Jianli 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFive new multi‐branched two‐photon absorption triazine chromophores (T1–T5) with different donor strength, conjugation length, and direction of charge transfer have been designed and synthesized. The one‐photon fluorescence, fluorescence quantum yields, and two‐photon properties have been investigated. The two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross sections measured by the open aperture Z‐scan technique were determined to be 447, 854, 1023, 603, and 766 GM for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. This result indicates that their 2PA cross section values (σ) increase with increasing electron‐donating strength of the end group, extending the conjugation length of the system, and introducing electron‐withdrawing perfluoroalkyl as side groups to the end donor. In addition, the σ value of T5 is also larger than that of T1, which provides evidence that the σ value is relative to the direction of charge transfer (from the ends to the center of the molecule or from the center to the ends). Moreover, significant enhancement of the two‐photon absorption cross section was achieved by introducing a thiophene moiety to a conjugated CC bond. At the same time, the optical limiting behavior for these chromophores was studied by using a focused 800 nm laser beam with pulses of 140 fs duration. It was found that these molecules also exhibit good optical limiting properties. These initial results clearly demonstrate that multi‐branched triazine chromophores are a highly suitable class of two‐photon absorbing materials.
Hydration Preferences for Mn4Ca Cluster Models of Photosystem II: Location of Potential Substrate–Water Binding Sites
Authors: Petrie Simon , Stranger Rob , Pace Ron J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations are reported on a set of three model structures of the Mn4Ca cluster in the water‐oxidizing complex of Photosystem II (PSII), which share the structural formula [CaMn4C9H10N2O16]q+⋅(H2O)n (q=−1, 0, 1, 2, 3; n=0–7). In these calculations we have explored the preferred hydration sites of the Mn4Ca cluster across five overall oxidation states (S0 to S4) and all feasible magnetic‐coupling arrangements to identify the most likely substrate–water binding sites. We have also explored charge‐compensated structures in which the overall charge on the cluster is maintained at q=0 or +1, which is consistent with the experimental data on sequential proton loss in the real system. The three model structures have skeletal arrangements that are strongly reminiscent, in their relative metal‐atom positions, of the 2.9‐, 3.7‐, and 3.5 Å‐resolution crystal structures, respectively, whereas the charge states encompassed in our study correspond to an assignment of (MnIII)3MnII for S0 and up to (MnIV)3MnIII for S4. The three models differ principally in terms of the spatial relationship between one Mn (Mn(4)) and a generally robust Mn3Ca tetrahedron that contains Mn(1), Mn(2), and Mn(3). Oxidation‐state distributions across the four manganese atoms, in most of the explored charge states, are dependent on details of the cluster geometry, on the extent of assumed hydration of the clusters, and in some instances on the imposed magnetic‐coupling between adjacent Mn atoms. The strongest water‐binding sites are generally those on Mn(4) and Ca. However, one structure type displays a high‐affinity binding site between Ca and Mn(3), the S‐state‐dependent binding‐energy pattern of which is most consistent with the substrate water‐exchange kinetics observed in functional PSII. This structure type also permits another water molecule to access the cluster in a manner consistent with the substrate–water interaction with the Mn cluster, seen in electron spin‐echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) studies of the functional enzyme in the S0 and S2 states. It also rationalizes the significant differences in hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the substrate water observed in the FTIR measurements of the S1 and S2 states. We suggest that these two water‐binding sites, which are molecularly close, model the actual substrate‐binding sites in the enzyme.
Endogenous Arene Hydroxylation Promoted by Copper(I) Cluster Helicates
Authors: Martínez‐Calvo Miguel , Vázquez López Miguel , Pedrido Rosa , González‐Noya Ana M. , Bermejo Manuel R. , Monzani Enrico , Casella Luigi , Sorace Lorenzo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel neutral triple‐stranded hexanuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [CuI6L3]⋅2 CH3CN derived from a thiosemicarbazone ligand could be synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The MALDI mass spectrum of this complex suggests that the tetranuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [CuI4L2] is also present in solution. These copper(I) cluster helicates are capable, in the presence of O2, of hydroxylating the arene linker of their supporting ligand strands. The resulting dinuclear complex [CuII2L'(OH)] is formed by two copper(II) centers, a new ligand arising from the hydroxylation reaction, and one hydroxide group. The magnetic investigation of this compound shows a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two CuII centers. The kinetic studies for the hydroxylation process show values of ΔH≠=−70 kJ mol−1, similar to those mediated by the tyrosinase enzymes.
Reversible DNA Condensation Induced by a Tetranuclear Nickel(II) Complex
Authors: Dong Xindian , Wang Xiaoyong , He Yafeng , Yu Zhen , Lin Miaoxin , Zhang Changli , Wang Jing , Song Yajie , Zhang Yangmiao , Liu Zhipeng , Li Yizhi , Guo Zijian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDNA condensing agents play a critical role in gene therapy. A tetranuclear nickel(II) complex, [NiII4(L−2H)(H2O)6(CH3CH2OH)2]⋅6NO3 (L=3,3',5,5'‐tetrakis{[(2‐hydroxyethyl)(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}biphenyl‐4,4'‐diol), has been synthesized as a nonviral vector to induce DNA condensation. X‐ray crystallographic data indicate that the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n, a=10.291(9), b=24.15(2), c=13.896(11) Å, and β=98.175(13)°. The DNA condensation induced by the complex has been investigated by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, gel electrophoresis assay, and zeta potential analysis. The complex interacts strongly with DNA through electrostatic attraction and induces its condensation into globular nanoparticles at low concentration. The release of DNA from its compact state has been achieved using the chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for the first time. Other essential properties, such as DNA cleavage inactivity and biocompatibility, have also been examined in vitro. In general, the complex satisfies the requirements of a gene vector in all of these respects.
The Aromatic Carbon–Carbon ipso‐Substitution Reaction
Authors: Bonesi Sergio M. , Fagnoni Maurizio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this review is to illustrate what we have dubbed an aromatic carbon–carbon ipso‐substitution reaction in which a new ArC bond is formed at the expense of another ArC bond. The potentiality of several C‐based leaving groups including alkyl, carbinol, CN, COOH, and carbonyl groups in arylation reactions will be illustrated accordingly for the preparation of biphenyl‐, vinyl‐, alkynyl‐, and alkyl‐substituted aromatics.