bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Targets for the Development of Tuberculosis Vaccine
Authors: Joshi Rushika , Sheth Devang , Beladiya Jayesh , Patel Chirag , Solanki Nilay , Dalal Mittal , Kyada Ashish , Patel Sandip B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
In underdeveloped nations, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major source of morbidity
and mortality. The currently available vaccine against tuberculosis in endemic areas is mainly
ineffective, which triggers the need for a clinically effective vaccine against tuberculosis. In the
present review, we emphasized the impact of genetic variations in the BCG strains, which influence
the efficacy of BCG vaccines. We also discussed the current status of BCG vaccines and
their potential mechanisms on the modulation of B cells and, thereby, humoral immunity, which
trigger immune responses against various intracellular pathogens. Further, we also elaborated upon
the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the vaccines. Moreover,
we also presented the putative novel targets such as polysaccharide-induced antibodies for
the protection against Mtb, PGRS domain as an important target for Humoral immunity, HLA-E
pathway-Target strategy for new TB vaccine, Coronin-1a - Novel player for Mycobacterial survival,
IRGM, IFN-I3, an autophagy inducer with Irgm1 serving as a core part in the Tuberculosis
vaccine development.
Comparison of CT and MRI in the Diagnosis of Liver Tumors: A Retrospective
Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Lu Weijie , Xu Dongyu 
Published: June 2024

Objective::
To compare the diagnostic value of multi-slice computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver tumors.

Methods::
Retrospective selection of CT and MRI imaging data from 109 cases of liver tumors treated in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2023. The
selection was determined through pathological examination.

Results::
According to the pathological examination results, 61 cases were benign tumors, and 48 cases were malignant tumors. The hepatic portal flow
(HPF), hepatic artery perfusion index (HPI) and hepatic artery perfusion (HAF) of malignant tumors were significantly lower than in benign
tumors (P<0.05). The signal enhancement ratio of malignant tumors was significantly higher than in benign tumors, and the peak time was
significantly lower than in benign tumors (P<0.05). The sensitivity (97.92%) and accuracy (97.25%) of the combined examination were
significantly higher than those of MRI (83.33%, 90.83%) or CT alone (81.25%, 88.99%) (P<0.05).

Conclusion::
CT and MRI have high application value in the diagnosis and evaluation of liver tumors, and the combination of these two methods can further
improve diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, providing an objective reference for early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
An Overview of the Pharmacological Activities and Synthesis of Benzothiophene Derivatives
Authors: Pathak Shilpi , Singh Ansh Pratap , Sharma Richa , Pandey Rahul 
Published: June 2024

:
One important class of organic compounds having many uses, especially in medical
chemistry, is benzothiophene and its derivatives. This review examines the biological activity of
benzothiophene derivatives and summarizes the synthetic methods used in their production. The
effectiveness of several synthetic pathways, such as cyclization techniques, functional group modifications,
and reactions catalyzed by transition metals, in gaining access to benzothiophene scaffolds
has been examined. Additionally, a broad spectrum of therapeutic domains, such as antiinflammatory,
antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial, antifungal,
antimalarial, and antitubercular activities, are covered by the pharmacological activities that are
being explored. The synthesis and pharmacological potential of benzothiophene derivatives are
well-explained in this thorough review, which opens up new options for medicinal chemistry and
drug discovery study. Overall, this study is a useful resource for scientists working on drug development
and discovery as it sheds light on the pharmacological potential of benzothiophene derivatives.
This review includes the synthesis and bioactivities of the years 2002-2024. The goal of this
review is to compile the existing information on benzothiophene derivatives and provide guidance
for future research and development as well as insights into their possible medicinal uses.
Nanosphere Precision: Emulsomes Revolutionizing Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Dheek Meghna , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , Singh Indu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Emulsomes have gained attention because they are a novel lipoidal vesicular system that
has an internal solid fat core surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer. Cancer is a complex and broad
term that refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal
cells in the body. In the context of cancer targeting, emulsomes have shown promising potential
due to their ability to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of anticancer drugs, leading
to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity.
This article addresses emulsomal composition, preparation techniques, and different kinds of emulsomes
loaded with drugs like fluvastatin and raloxifene hydrochloride to target cancer cells. The use
of emulsomes in cancer targeting holds great promise for improving the precision, efficacy, and safety
of cancer treatments.
A comprehensive search of relevant scientific literature was performed. This involved searching databases
such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and others to identify relevant studies, articles,
and reviews related to the topic.
Emulsomes loaded with specific drugs show promising results in cancer treatment. Examples include
piceatannol-loaded emulsomes for colon cancer, raloxifene hydrochloride-loaded emulsomes for
breast cancer, and fluvastatin-loaded emulsomes for prostate cancer.
Emulsomes represent a cutting-edge approach to cancer drug delivery, offering a versatile and effective
solution to address challenges associated with traditional anticancer formulations. Ongoing research
holds promise for the continued development of personalized cancer therapy.
An Experimental Study on Compressive Properties of Composite Fiber
Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Li Jianhua , Xu Xueyong , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The production process of Portland cement (OPC) consumes
energy and releases carbon dioxide, which affects the environment. It has been found
that geopolymer cementing material is a better substitute for it. The strength effect of
fiber on geopolymer materials is the basis of the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components.

Methods:
Geopolymer concrete was prepared with fly ash, slag, and water glass as
the main raw materials, and the effects of fiber type, quality, and blending method on
the compressive properties and elastic modulus of geopolymer concrete were compared to explore the working mechanism of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete.

Results:
Through experimental research, the results showed that in 0.2% flocculent
lignin fibers, when the mass ratio of carbon fibers was increased, the strength of the
geopolymer concrete decreased. Due to the increased mass ratio of wavy steel fibers,
comprising 0.2% flocculent lignin fibers, the strength enhancement effect was not
apparent. Moreover, with regard to enhancing the modulus of elasticity of geopolymer concrete, blending fibers exerted the most significant effect. The fiber was added
to geopolymer concrete to form a three-dimensional supporting frame system. When
cracks occurred under the action of force, the development of cracks was limited due
to the fibers, and the bonding slip delayed the propagation of cracks. The composite
fiber could make full use of the advantages of each material and improve the strength
of geopolymer concrete.

Conclusion:
The compressive properties of geopolymer concrete could be enhanced
by blending single-fiber or mix-fibers, and the effect of mix-fibers was more optimal
than that of others. The above research results provide a theoretical reference for the
design of geopolymer concrete and a theoretical basis for the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components.
A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assisted Drug & Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singha Vishal , Ghosh Suvendu , Singha Partha Sarathi , Datta Sutapa , Ghosh Debosree 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Adaptation and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology for the
development of drugs against the deadly and continuously mutating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been extremely beneficial, cost-effective, and time
saving for the scientific community. A systematic review is necessary for complete picturization of
the overall AI assistance in developing drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic analysis and review of the research literature available on the
application of AI in the development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 from various
online platforms has been performed, and relevant full papers have been selected on certain selection
criteria and have been used for this review.

Results:
Utilization of AI tools has enabled the selection, modification, evaluation, and prediction of
the effectiveness of drug formulations against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a very rapid and
efficient manner. Vaccine development against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus has also been aided
and benefited immensely by using AI tools and techniques.

Discussion:
Thousands of studies regarding the development of effective drugs and vaccines against
the constantly evolving, mutating, and prevailing SARS-CoV-2 virus have been conducted, and several
thousands are still being conducted around the world.

Conclusion:
AI is a powerful tool, and its application has been highly beneficial in developing effective
drugs and vaccines against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 in a cost-effective and time-effective frame.
This systematic review briefs the findings and achievements till the date of writing this article in the
field of AI-assisted drug and vaccine development against COVID-19.
Analysis of Financial Distress Predictions Using Altman, Zavgren, Fulmer, Ohlson, Taffler, and Ca-Score Models as Early Warning Systems in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Dukalang Erfina , Zamzam Irfan , Abu Zulkifli 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the application of the Altman, Zavgren, Fulmer, Ohlson, Taffler, and CA-Score models as early warning systems, as well as the differences in the ability of the accuracy level of the six early warning system models to predict financial distress and which of the six prediction models is most accurate and is most accurate in predicting financial distress. The sampling technique in this research was with purposive sampling criteria. The analysis technique is to use financial distress prediction models. The results showed that the highest and most reliable method for forecasting financial trouble in this research was the CA-Score model which had an accuracy rate of 97.14% and error type II of 2.86%. compared to Altman, Zavgren, Ohlson, Taffler, and CA-Score models. Then, followed by the Ohlson model whose accuracy rate is 94.29% and error type II of 5.71%.Keywords: Financial Distress, Altman, Zavgren, Fulmer, Ohlson, Taffler, CA-ScoreABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model Altman, Zavgren, Fulmer, Ohlson, Taffler, dan CA-Score sebagai early warning system, serta adanya perbedaan kemampuan tingkat akurasi dari keenam model early warning system dalam memprediksi financial distress dan manakah diantara enam model prediksi yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi tertinggi dan paling akurat dalam memprediksi financial distress. Teknik menentukan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan kriteria purposive sampling. Teknik analisis ialah menggunakan model-model prediksi financial distress. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kalau model tertinggi dan sangat akurat dalam memprediksi financial distress untuk studi penelitian ini adalah model CA-Score yang tingkat akurasi sebesar 97,14% dan tipe error II sebesar 2,86%. dibandingkan model Altman, Zavgren, Ohlson, Taffler, dan CA-Score. Kemudian, diikuti model Ohlson dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 94,29% dan tipe error II sebesar 5,71%.Kata Kunci: Financial Distress, Altman, Zavgren, Fulmer, Ohlson, Taffler, CA-Score
Exploring the Impact of Board Attributes on ESG Scores of Indonesian Companies
Authors: Setiani Eko Putri , Novitasari Budi Tiara 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the impact of board attributes on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) scores. The total sample used was 86 companies from 2019 to 2023, resulting in 433 firm-year observations. The dependent variable is the standardized ESG Score, a high score indicates excellent relative ESG performance and high degree of transparency in reporting material ESG data publicly. The independent variables used are Sustainability Committee, Gender Diversity, and Board Meetings. The findings of this study indicate that certain board attributes, specifically the presence of a sustainability committee within the company, gender diversity among board members, and the average overall attendance percentage of board meetings, positively influence ESG Scores. Companies must pay attention to board attributes to improve their ESG Scores, encourage sustainable value creation, and foster stakeholder trust and confidence in their commitment to environmental, social, and governance excellence.Keywords: ESG Scores, Sustainability Committee, Gender Diversity, Board MeetingABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dampak atribut dewan terhadap skor ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance). Total sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 86 perusahaan dari tahun 2019 sampai dengan 2023, sehingga menghasilkan 433 firm-year observations. Variabel dependen adalah Skor ESG yang terstandarisasi, skor yang tinggi menunjukkan kinerja ESG yang relatif sangat baik dan tingkat transparansi yang tinggi dalam pelaporan data ESG yang material kepada publik. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah Komite Keberlanjutan, Keberagaman Gender, dan Rapat Dewan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa atribut dewan tertentu, khususnya kehadiran komite keberlanjutan dalam perusahaan, keberagaman gender di antara anggota dewan, dan rata-rata persentase kehadiran keseluruhan rapat dewan, berpengaruh positif terhadap Skor ESG. Perusahaan harus memperhatikan atribut dewan untuk meningkatkan Skor ESG mereka, mendorong penciptaan nilai yang berkelanjutan, dan menumbuhkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan pemangku kepentingan terhadap komitmen mereka terhadap keunggulan lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola.Kata kunci: Skor ESG, Komite Sustainability, Keragaman Gender, Rapat Dewan
Doctors’ Personal Preference and Adoption of Mobile Apps to Communicate with Patients in China: Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Dongjin , Han Wenchao , Yang Yili , Pan Jay 
Published: June 2024

Background
Different kinds of mobile apps are used to promote communications between patients and doctors. Studies have investigated patients’ mobile app adoption behavior; however, they offer limited insights into doctors’ personal preferences among a variety of choices of mobile apps.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the nuanced adoption behaviors among doctors in China, which has a robust adoption of mobile apps in health care, and to explore the constraints influencing their selection of specific mobile apps. This paper addressed 3 research questions: (1) Which doctors opt to adopt mobile apps to communicate with patients? (2) What types of mobile apps do they choose? (3) To what degree do they exercise personal choice in adopting specific mobile apps?

Methods
We used thematic content analysis of qualitative data gathered from semistructured interviews with 11 doctors in Hangzhou, which has been recognized for its advanced adoption of mobile technology in social services, including health care services. The selection of participants was purposive, encompassing diverse departments and hospitals.

Results
In total, 5 themes emerged from the data analysis. First, the interviewees had a variety of options for communicating with patients via mobile apps, with the predominant ones being social networking apps (eg, WeChat) and medical platforms (eg, Haodf). Second, all interviewees used WeChat to facilitate communication with patients, although their willingness to share personal accounts varied (they are more likely to share with trusty intermediaries). Third, fewer than half of the doctors adopted medical platforms, and they were all from tertiary hospitals. Fourth, the preferences for in-person, WeChat, or medical platform communication reflected the interviewees’ perceptions of different patient cohorts. Lastly, the selection of a particular kind of mobile app was significantly influenced by the doctors’ affiliation with hospitals, driven by their professional obligations to fulfill multiple tasks assigned by the hospitals or the necessity of maintaining social connections with their colleagues.

Conclusions
Our findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of doctors’ adoption behavior regarding specific types of mobile apps for patient communication, instead of addressing such adoption behavior of a wide range of mobile apps as equal. Their choices of a particular kind of app were positioned within a social context where health care policies (eg, limited funding for public hospitals, dominance of public health care institutions, and absence of robust referral systems) and traditional culture (eg, trust based on social connections) largely shape their behavioral patterns.
Linking Opinions Shared on Social Media About COVID-19 Public Health Measures to Adherence: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys of Twitter Use in Canada
Authors: Denis-Robichaud José , Rees Erin E , Daley Patrick , Zarowsky Christina , Diouf Assane , Nasri Bouchra R , de Montigny Simon , Carabin Hélène 
Published: June 2024

Background
The effectiveness of public health measures (PHMs) depends on population adherence. Social media were suggested as a tool to assess adherence, but representativeness and accuracy issues have been raised.

Objective
The objectives of this repeated cross-sectional study were to compare self-reported PHM adherence and sociodemographic characteristics between people who used Twitter (subsequently rebranded X) and people who did not use Twitter.

Methods
Repeated Canada-wide web-based surveys were conducted every 14 days from September 2020 to March 2022. Weighted proportions were calculated for descriptive variables. Using Bayesian logistic regression models, we investigated associations between Twitter use, as well as opinions in tweets, and self-reported adherence with mask wearing and vaccination.

Results
Data from 40,230 respondents were analyzed. As self-reported, Twitter was used by 20.6% (95% CI 20.1%-21.2%) of Canadians, of whom 29.9% (95% CI 28.6%-31.3%) tweeted about COVID-19. The sociodemographic characteristics differed across categories of Twitter use and opinions. Overall, 11% (95% CI 10.6%-11.3%) of Canadians reported poor adherence to mask-wearing, and 10.8% (95% CI 10.4%-11.2%) to vaccination. Twitter users who tweeted about COVID-19 reported poorer adherence to mask wearing than nonusers, which was modified by the age of the respondents and their geographical region (odds ratio [OR] 0.79, 95% Bayesian credibility interval [BCI] 0.18-1.69 to OR 4.83, 95% BCI 3.13-6.86). The odds of poor adherence to vaccination of Twitter users who tweeted about COVID-19 were greater than those of nonusers (OR 1.76, 95% BCI 1.48-2.07). English- and French-speaking Twitter users who tweeted critically of PHMs were more likely (OR 4.07, 95% BCI 3.38-4.80 and OR 7.31, 95% BCI 4.26-11.03, respectively) to report poor adherence to mask wearing than non–Twitter users, and those who tweeted in support were less likely (OR 0.47, 95% BCI 0.31-0.64 and OR 0.96, 95% BCI 0.18-2.33, respectively) to report poor adherence to mask wearing than non–Twitter users. The OR of poor adherence to vaccination for those tweeting critically about PHMs and for those tweeting in support of PHMs were 4.10 (95% BCI 3.40-4.85) and 0.20 (95% BCI 0.10-0.32), respectively, compared to non–Twitter users.

Conclusions
Opinions shared on Twitter can be useful to public health authorities, as they are associated with adherence to PHMs. However, the sociodemographics of social media users do not represent the general population, calling for caution when using tweets to assess general population-level behaviors.
Meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi sudut pada siswa kelas IV menggunakan model problem based learning berbantuan media jam sudut
Authors: Hasanah Mauidhotul , Rabbani Sylvia 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajarÂ siswa kelas 4 sekolah dasar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu model dan media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan pemahaman materi jenis sudut. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran Matematika jenis sudut pada siswa kelas 4 SD dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan jam sudut. Penelitian ini menggunakan merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Kelas 4 di SDN Sepanjang Jaya 1 Kota Bekasi yang berjumlah 16 siswa yang terdiri dari 8 orang siswa laki-laki dan 8 siswa perempuan. Adapun instrumen pada penelitian ini Lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran Matematika materi jenis sudut menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media jam sudut. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan berbantuan Media jam sudut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pembelajaran Matematika materi jenis sudut pada siswa kelas 4 sekolah dasar. Selain itu, siswa belajar lebih bermakna, membuat siswa belajar untuk lebih memahami materi jenis sudut berdasarkan hasil pengalaman belajarnya, menyenangkan, aktif serta bersemangat..
Program ekstrakurikuler pramuka dalam upaya pengembangan karakter mandiri peserta didik di sekolah dasar
Authors: Nurasiah  , Solehuddin  , Supriatna Mamat 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara analitis fakta lapangan tentang program ekstrakurikuler pramuka dalam upaya pengembangan karakter mandiri peserta didik di SDN Rengasdengklok Selatan VII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengambilan Informan dilakukan sesuai dengan subjek permasalahan yang terkandung di dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, wali kelas VI, pembina pramuka dan siswa kelas VI. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Data di analisis dengan langkah-langkah reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik dan crosscheck. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ekstrakurikuler pramuka yang dihasilkan berdasarkan hasil musyawarah gugusdepan. Program ekstrakurikuler tersebut dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan latihan mingguan, perkemahan di gugusdepan dan kegiatan partisipasi kegiatan diluar gugusdepan baik yang berbentuk lomba maupun non lomba sehingga dapat dapat membentuk karakter mandiri yang sudah sampai pada tahap moral doing tetapi belum tercapai secara maksimal karena belum semua siswa mempraktikkan nilai karakter mandiri tersebut di dalam perilakunya sehari-hari, khususnya di sekolah.

Kata Kunci: Program Ekstrakurikuler, Pramuka, Pendidikan Karakter.