bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Authors: Chan W H , Khin L W , Chung Y F A , Goh Y C , Ong H S , Wong W K 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Rebleeding from peptic ulcers is a major contributor to death. This study compared standard (40-mg intravenous infusion of omeprazole once daily for 3 days) and high-dose (80-mg bolus of omeprazole followed by 8-mg/h infusion for 72 h) in reducing the rebleeding rate (primary endpoint), need for surgery, duration of hospital stay and mortality in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy.

Methods
This was a single-institution prospective randomized controlled study based on a postulated therapeutic equivalence of the two treatments. All patients who had successful endoscopic haemostasis of a bleeding peptic ulcer (Forrest classification Ia, Ib, IIa or IIb) were recruited. Informed consent was obtained and patients were randomized to receive standard- or high-dose infusions of intravenous omeprazole.

Results
Two (3 per cent) of 61 patients in the high-dose group and ten (16 per cent) of 61 in the standard-dose group exhibited rebleeding, a difference of − 13 (95 per cent confidence interval − 25 to − 2) per cent. The upper limit of the one-sided confidence interval exceeded a predefined equivalence absolute difference of 16 per cent. Equivalence of standard- and high-dose omeprazole in preventing rebleeding was not demonstrated.

Conclusion
Intravenous standard-dose omeprazole was inferior to high-dose omeprazole in preventing rebleeding after endoscopic haemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding. Registration number: NCT00519519 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Interventions to improve teamwork and communications among healthcare staff
Authors: McCulloch P , Rathbone J , Catchpole K 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Concern over the frequency of unintended harm to patients has focused attention on the importance of teamwork and communication in avoiding errors. This has led to experiments with teamwork training programmes for clinical staff, mostly based on aviation models. These are widely assumed to be effective in improving patient safety, but the extent to which this assumption is justified by evidence remains unclear.

Methods
A systematic literature review on the effects of teamwork training for clinical staff was performed. Information was sought on outcomes including staff attitudes, teamwork skills, technical performance, efficiency and clinical outcomes.

Results
Of 1036 relevant abstracts identified, 14 articles were analysed in detail: four randomized trials and ten non-randomized studies. Overall study quality was poor, with particular problems over blinding, subjective measures and Hawthorne effects. Few studies reported on every outcome category. Most reported improved staff attitudes, and six of eight reported significantly better teamwork after training. Five of eight studies reported improved technical performance, improved efficiency or reduced errors. Three studies reported evidence of clinical benefit, but this was modest or of borderline significance in each case. Studies with a stronger intervention were more likely to report benefits than those providing less training. None of the randomized trials found evidence of technical or clinical benefit.

Conclusion
The evidence for technical or clinical benefit from teamwork training in medicine is weak. There is some evidence of benefit from studies with more intensive training programmes, but better quality research and cost-benefit analysis are needed.
Computational intelligence software for interval type‐2 fuzzy logic
Authors: Castillo Oscar , Melin Patricia , Castro Juan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA software tool for interval type‐2 fuzzy logic is presented in this article. The software tool includes a graphical user interface for construction, edition, and observation of the fuzzy systems. The Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy Logic System Toolbox (IT2FLS) has a user‐friendly environment for interval type‐2 fuzzy logic inference system development. Tools that cover the different phases of the fuzzy system design process, from the initial description phase, to the final implementation phase, are presented as part of the Toolbox. The Toolbox's best properties are the capacity to develop complex systems and the flexibility that permits the user to extend the availability of functions for working with type‐2 fuzzy operators, linguistic variables, interval type‐2 membership functions, defuzzification methods, and the evaluation of interval type‐2 fuzzy inference systems. The toolbox can be used for educational and research purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 737–747, 2013
Toolbox for bio‐inspired optimization of mathematical functions
Authors: Valdez Fevrier , Melin Patricia , Castillo Oscar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, a new toolbox that can be used for the education of bio‐inspired methods for optimization of mathematical functions is presented. The main idea of this work is to offer user‐friendly software to students of bio‐inspired optimization methods. The new toolbox can be used to optimize benchmark mathematical functions in evolutionary computation, and can also be used in the research of new bio‐inspired optimization methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 11–22, 2014
Quercetin inhibits invasion, migration and signalling molecules involved in cell survival and proliferation of prostate cancer cell line (PC‐3)
Authors: Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Arunkumar Ramachandran , Elumalai Perumal , Sharmila Govindaraj , Gunadharini Dharmalingam Nandhagopal , Banudevi Sivanantham , Krishnamoorthy Gunasekar , Benson Chellakan Selvanesan , Arunakaran Jagadeesan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUrokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis including prostate cancer. uPA activation is mediated by transactivation of uPAR and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) in prostate cancer progression. Prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells have highly invasive capacity and they express uPA and uPAR gene. PC‐3 cells are treated with quercetin, which inhibits invasion and migration of PC‐3 cells. Quercetin downregulates uPA, uPAR and EGF, EGF‐R mRNA expressions. Quercetin inhibits cell survival factor β‐catenin, NF‐κB and also proliferative signalling molecules such as p‐EGF‐R, N‐Ras, Raf‐1, c.Fos c.Jun and p‐c.Jun protein expressions. But quercetin increased p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase protein expression. Our results suggest that quercetin inhibit migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. It shows the value for treatment of invasive and metastasis type of prostate cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Chemoselective One‐Step Alkylation and Isolation of Thiophosphorylated Cdk2 Substrates in the Presence of Native Cysteine
Authors: Lee Sarah E. , Elphick Lucy M. , Kramer Holger B. , Jones Alexandra M. E. , Child Emma S. , Anderson Alexandra A. , Bonnac Laurent , Suwaki Natsuko , Kessler Benedikt M. , Gouverneur Véronique , Mann David J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe elucidation of signalling pathways relies heavily upon the identification of protein kinase substrates. Recent investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of chemical genetics using ATP analogues and modified protein kinases for specific substrate labelling. Here we combine N6‐(cyclohexyl)ATPγS with an analogue‐sensitive cdk2 variant to thiophosphorylate its substrates and demonstrate a pH‐dependent, chemoselective, one‐step alkylation to facilitate the detection or isolation of thiophosphorylated peptides.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 4,5‐[1,2‐Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano(12)]‐1,3‐diselenacyclopentane: Opening of the Icosahedron to Give a Zwitterionic Intermediate and Conversion into 7,8‐Dicarba‐nido‐undecaborate(1−)
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang , Bauer Tobias , Kempe Rhett 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the 1,2‐diselenolato‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) dianion [1,2‐(1,2‐C2B10H10)Se2]2− with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2 or CD2Cl2) in the presence of donor solvents gave 4,5‐[1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano(12)]‐1,3‐diselenacyclopentane, the title compound, which was characterized by X‐ray structural analysis and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C, and 77Se). In the presence of pyridine, opening of the icosahedron took place, and a zwitterionic intermediate was isolated and fully characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction and in solution by multinuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Although such types of intermediates, prior to deboronation of the ortho‐carborane cage, have been proposed several times, this is first example for which the structure has been confirmed unambiguously. This intermediate possesses a nido structure and contains a 7,8‐dicarba‐nido‐undecaborate(1−) anion and a boronium cation, the latter with two pyridine rings linked to the boron atom, which has been extruded from the cage. It was shown that this process is reversible as long as the deboronation is not complete. The formation of the intermediate is accompanied by deboronation, which leads to the 7,8‐dicarba‐nido‐undecaborate(1−) anion. The latter was prepared independently by conventional routes from the title compound, isolated as crystalline material as the tetrabutyl ammonium salt, and characterized by X‐ray structural analysis and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C, and 77Se).
A Click Fluorophore Sensor that Can Distinguish CuII and HgII via Selective Anion‐Induced Demetallation
Authors: Lau Yu Heng , Price Jason R. , Todd Matthew H. , Rutledge Peter J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA cyclam‐based fluorescent sensor featuring a novel triazole pendant arm has been synthesised using click chemistry. The sensor is highly responsive to both CuII and HgII in neutral aqueous solution and displays excellent selectivity in the presence of various competing metal ions in 50‐fold excess. The addition of specific anions such as I− and S2O32− causes a complete revival of fluorescence only in the case of HgII, providing a simple and effective method for distinguishing solutions containing CuII, HgII or a mixture of both ions, even in doped seawater samples. X‐ray crystal structures of both the HgII sensor complex and a model CuII complex show that pendant triazole coordination occurs through the central nitrogen atom (N2), providing to the best of our knowledge the first reported examples of this unusual coordination mode in macrocycles. Fluorescence, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR experiments reveal that the mechanism of anion‐induced fluorescence revival involves either displacement of pendant coordination or complete removal of the HgII from the macrocycle, depending on the anion.
Complexation Equilibria Involving Salts in Non‐Aqueous Solvents: Ion Pairing and Activity Considerations
Authors: Gibson Harry W. , Jones Jason W. , Zakharov Lev N. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Slebodnick Carla 
Published: February 2011

AbstractComplexation of anions, cations and even ion pairs is now an active area of investigation in supramolecular chemistry; unfortunately it is an area fraught with complications when these processes are examined in low polarity organic media. Using a pseudorotaxane complex as an example, apparent Ka2 values (=[complex]/{[salt]o−[complex]}{[host]o−[complex]}) for pseudorotaxane formation from dibenzylammonium salts (2‐X) and dibenzo‐[24]crown‐8 (1, DB24C8) in CDCl3/CD3CN 3:2 vary with concentration. This is attributable to the fact that the salt is ion paired, but the complex is not. We report an equilibrium model that explicitly includes ion pair dissociation and is based upon activities rather than molar concentrations for study of such processes in non‐aqueous media. Proper analysis requires both a dissociation constant, Kipd, for the salt and a binding constant for interaction of the free cation 2+ with the host, Ka5; Ka5 for pseudorotaxane complexation is independent of the counterion (500 M−1), a result of the complex existing in solution as a free cation, but Kipd values for the salts vary by nearly two orders of magnitude from trifluoroacetate to tosylate to tetrafluoroborate to hexafluorophosphate anions. The activity coefficients depend on the nature of the predominant ions present, whether the pseudorotaxane or the ions from the salt, and also strongly on the molar concentrations; activity coefficients as low as 0.2 are observed, emphasizing the magnitude of their effect. Based on this type of analysis, a method for precise determination of relative binding constants, Ka5, for multiple hosts with a given guest is described. However, while the incorporation of activity coefficients is clearly necessary, it removes the ability to predict from the equilibrium constants the effects of concentration on the extent of binding, which can only be determined experimentally. This has serious implications for study of all such complexation processes in low polarity media.
Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis of Nitroso Diels–Alder Cycloadducts
Authors: Vincent Guillaume , Kouklovsky Cyrille 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStrained nitroso Diels–Alder bicyclo[2.2.1] or [2.2.2] adducts functionalized with alkene side chains of diverse length undergo a ring‐rearrangement metathesis process with external alkenes and Grubbs II or Hoveyda–Grubbs II ruthenium catalysts, under microwave irradiation or classical heating, to deliver cis‐fused bicycles of various ring sizes, which contain a NO bond. These scaffolds are of synthetic relevance for the generation of molecular diversity and to the total synthesis of alkaloids. The observation of unexpected reactions, such as epimerization or one‐carbon homologation of the alkene side chain, is also reported.
Chemical Ecology of Tannins: Recent Developments in Tannin Chemistry Reveal New Structures and Structure–Activity Patterns
Authors: Salminen Juha‐Pekka , Karonen Maarit , Sinkkonen Jari 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTannins are chemically complex plant polyphenols and only little is known of their true molecule‐specific anti‐herbivore activities. Here we will show that modern tannin chemistry is able to reveal fully new types of tannins in plants together with new types of biological activities for the tannins. Most of these new findings relate to ellagitannins, one of the least studied and underestimated classes of bioactive plant polyphenols.
Genotyping by Alkaline Dehybridization Using Graphically Encoded Particles
Authors: Zhang Huaibin , DeConinck Adam J. , Slimmer Scott C. , Doyle Patrick S. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis work describes a nonenzymatic, isothermal genotyping method based on the kinetic differences exhibited in the dehybridization of perfectly matched (PM) and single‐base mismatched (MM) DNA duplexes in an alkaline solution. Multifunctional encoded hydrogel particles incorporating allele‐specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes in two distinct regions were fabricated by using microfluidic‐based stop‐flow lithography. Each particle contained two distinct ASO probe sequences differing at a single base position, and thus each particle was capable of simultaneously probing two distinct target alleles. Fluorescently labeled target alleles were annealed to both probe regions of a particle, and the rate of duplex dehybridization was monitored by using fluorescence microscopy. Duplex dehybridization was achieved through an alkaline stimulus using either a pH step function or a temporal pH gradient. When a single target probe sequence was used, the rate of mismatch duplex dehybridization could be discriminated from the rate of perfect match duplex dehybridization. In a more demanding application in which two distinct probe sequences were used, we found that the rate profiles provided a means to discriminate probe dehybridizations from both of the two mismatched duplexes as well as to distinguish at high certainty the dehybridization of the two perfectly matched duplexes. These results demonstrate an ability of alkaline dehybridization to correctly discriminate the rank hierarchy of thermodynamic stability among four sets of perfect match and single‐base mismatch duplexes. We further demonstrate that these rate profiles are strongly temperature dependent and illustrate how the sensitivity can be compensated beneficially by the use of an actuating gradient pH field.
Stereoelectronic Requirements for Optimal Hydrogen‐Bond‐Catalyzed Enolization
Authors: Pápai Imre , Hamza Andrea , Pihko Petri M. , Wierenga Rik K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProtein crystallographic analysis of the active sites of enolizing enzymes and structural analysis of hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl compounds in small molecule crystal structures, complemented by quantum chemical calculations on related model enolization reactions, suggest a new stereoelectronic model that accounts for the observed out‐of‐plane orientation of hydrogen‐bond donors (HBDs) in the oxyanion holes of enolizing enzymes. The computational results reveal that the lone‐pair directionality of HBDs characteristic for hydrogen‐bonded carbonyls is reduced upon enolization, and the enolate displays almost no directional preference for hydrogen bonding. Positioning the HBDs perpendicular to the carbonyl plane induces strain in the catalyst–substrate complex, which is released upon enolization, resulting in more favorable kinetics and thermodynamics than the in‐plane arrangement of HBDs.
One‐Pot Triple Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Fabbro Chiara , Prato Maurizio , Bianco Alberto 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising as carriers for the delivery of bioactive molecules. The multifunctionalization of CNTs is necessary to impart multimodalities for the development of future CNT‐based multipotent therapeutic constructs. In this context, we report the first example of covalent trifunctionalization of different types of CNTs. Our strategy is a simple and efficient methodology based on the simultaneous functionalization of the nanotube surface with three different active groups. The reaction is performed in one step by arylation with diazonium salts generated in situ. The CNTs are functionalized with benzylamine moieties blocked with three different protecting groups that can be selectively removed under specific conditions. The trifunctionalized CNTs were characterized by TEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, while the amine loading was determined by using the Kaiser test. The sequential removal of the protecting groups of the amine functions allows the grafting of the molecules of interest on the nanotube surface to be controlled.
A Cationic Dye Triplet as a Unique “Glue” That Can Connect Fully Matched Termini of DNA Duplexes
Authors: Kashida Hiromu , Hayashi Takamitsu , Fujii Taiga , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, we propose that three consecutive cationic p‐methylstilbazoles tethered on D‐threoninols (Z residues) at 5′ termini act as a unique “glue” connecting DNA duplexes by their interstrand cluster formation. Interstrand clustering of p‐methylstilbazoles (ZZZ triplets) induces narrowing and hypsochromic shift of bands at 350 nm, which can be assigned to the absorption of p‐methylstilbazole. However, single‐stranded DNA conjugates involving a ZZZ triplet at the 5′ terminus of 8‐mer native nucleotides is found not to induce such large spectral changes, which implies that the intrinsic self‐assembling property of ZZZ triplets is weak. Interestingly, when this conjugate is hybridized with a complementary 8‐mer native oligonucleotide, a remarkable spectral change is observed, indicating the dimerization of a duplex through the interstrand clustering of ZZZ triplets. Dimerization of the duplex is also evidenced by cold‐spray ionization mass spectrometry. This interstrand clustering is observed only when a ZZZ triplet is tethered to a 5′ rather than 3′ terminus. Furthermore, the stability of the interstrand cluster increases by increasing the number of nucleobases of the DNA portion, and when mismatched base pairs are incorporated or when a base next to the Z residue is deleted, the stability substantially drops. When we apply the ZZZ triplet to the formation of a nanowire using two complementary DNA conjugates, each of which has a ZZZ triplet at the 5′ termini as overhang, we demonstrate the successful formation of a nanowire by native PAGE analysis. Since native sticky ends that have three nucleotides do not serve as “glue”, ZZZ triplets with their unique glue‐like properties are prime candidates for constructing DNA‐based nanoarchitectures.
Chloropupukeanolides C–E: Cytotoxic Pupukeanane Chlorides with a Spiroketal Skeleton from Pestalotiopsis fici
Authors: Liu Ling , Bruhn Torsten , Guo Liangdong , Götz Daniel C. G. , Brun Reto , Stich August , Che Yongsheng , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChloropupukeanolides C–E (8–10), three highly functionalized secondary metabolites featuring a novel spiroketal skeleton derived from the chlorinated tricyclo‐[4.3.1.03, 7]‐decane (pupukeanane) and the 2,6‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylbenzoic acid moieties, were isolated from the scale‐up fermentation extract of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The constitutions of compounds 8–10 were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. Their relative configurations were deduced by analogy to metabolites 4–6, which were previously isolated from the same fungus. The absolute configuration of 8 was assigned by X‐ray crystallography and those of 9 and 10 by quantum‐chemical CD calculations. Biogenetically, chloropupukeanolides C–E (8–10) are presumably derived from the same oxidation‐induced Diels–Alder reaction pathway as compounds 1 and 4–7, via the putative biosynthetic precursors 2 and 3. The opposite configurations of the complete “Southern parts” of 8 and 9 suggests that this Diels–Alder reaction is stereochemically not very selective. Compounds 8–10 showed significant cytotoxicity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines and weak activities against the pathogens of tropical diseases.
Concise Synthesis of Pyrrolidine and Indolizidine Alkaloids by a Highly Convergent Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Lapointe Guillaume , Schenk Kurt , Renaud Philippe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrrolidine and indolizidine derivatives through radical carboazidation of alkenes with α‐iodoketones, followed by reductive amination, is described. When properly substituted, further lactamization afforded pyrrolizidinones in good yield. This carboazidation/reductive amination sequence was efficiently applied to the total synthesis of three different simple alkaloids, including (±)‐monomorine I.
Modular Drying Processor for Application of Combined Drying Processes
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Rother Matthias , Steimle Phillip , Gaukel Volker , Schuchmann Heike P. , Merk Dieter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractZur Entwicklung energie‐ und zeiteffizienter kombinierter Trocknungsverfahren wurde ein Trocknungsprozessor konstruiert, dessen modulare Bauweise es erlaubt, verschiedene Trocknungsarten (Gefrier‐, Heißluft‐, Infrarot‐, Kontakt‐, Mikrowellen‐, Vakuumtrocknung) seriell und/oder parallel, unterbrechungsfrei miteinander zu verknüpfen. Anhand von Karottenwürfeln konnte gezeigt werden, dass abhängig von der Trocknungsart zielgerichtet Produktstrukturen erzeugt werden können. Im seriellen Kombinationsverfahren Gefrier‐/Mikrowellenvakuumtrocknung war es zudem möglich bei höchster Produktqualität die Trocknungszeit um 40 % zu verkürzen.