bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of inhibitors with corrosion scale formed on N80 steel in CO2‐saturated NaCl solution
Authors: Liu D. , Qiu Y. B. , Tomoe Y. , Bando K. , Guo X. P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe performance of the selected inhibitors, including thioglycolic acid (TGA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and naphthene acid imidazolines (IM), on the bare surface of N80 steel and its scaled surface pre‐corroded in CO2‐saturated 1%NaCl solution was investigated by weight‐loss method, electrochemical measurements using rotating cylinder electrode and surface analytical methods (SEM, XRD, and EPMA). The results indicate that there is a remarkable difference in inhibition efficiency of inhibitors on the N80 steel with and without pre‐corrosion scale. The synergistic effect between inhibitors and corrosion scale not only depends on the size of inhibitor molecules, but also depends on the interaction of the inhibitor with the corrosion scale. It shows that IM and DETA have a good positive synergistic effect with the corrosion scale formed on N80 steel, although DETA has no inhibition efficiency for bare N80 steel, which can easily enter into the apertures of the corrosion scale, and block the active sites on the metal surface and the diffusion routeways of the reactant so as to depress the corrosion of the substrate metal. While TGA shows excellent inhibition efficiency on bare N80 steel, but it has an antagonistic effect with the corrosion scale although it has a small molecular weight as well as DETA, because TGA can dissolve corrosion scale and break its integrality and protectiveness performance.
Failure analysis of leakage on titanium tubes within heat exchangers in a nuclear power plant. Part I: Electrochemical corrosion
Authors: Yang Z.‐G. , Gong Y. , Yuan J.‐Z. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTitanium tubes generally exhibit superior resistance against electrochemical corrosions amid seawater for their passive films TiO2. However, hydrogen‐assisted corrosion (HAC) is actually the Achilles' heel to titanium materials when the temperature exceeds near 70 °C. In this event, severe degradations like quick thinning and leakage were frequently detected on a large number of titanium tubes exposed to natural seawater environment within heat exchangers in a nuclear power plant, which caused serious safety problems. This paper is the Part I of totally two parts conducted for the whole failure analysis study, mainly focusing on electrochemical aspect of failure causes and their behaviors. By means of over ten kinds of characterization methods, the analysis results identified that the HAC induced by the interaction effects between galvanic corrosion and crevice corrosion led to local bulges of the inner walls of some titanium tubes, and then the bulges were quickly thinned and eventually ruptured under the eddy erosion from the seawater containing sediment particles. Finally, relevant mechanisms were addressed in detail and prevention methods were proposed as well.
Anodizing of aluminium screws through direct and liquid contacting – a technology comparison
Authors: Brendler G. , Scharf I. , Härtel M. , Nickel D. , Hellmig R. J. , Alisch G. , Lampke T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Mischbauweise in der Automobilindustrie und in der Luft‐ und Raumfahrt stellt das Fügen mittels Schraube vor neue Problemstellungen. Anodisierte hochfeste Aluminiumschrauben sollen gewindefurchende Stahlschrauben ersetzen und die Schädigung der Werkstoffverbunde durch elektrochemische Korrosion verhindern. Untersucht wurden die Korrosions‐ und Verschleißbeständigkeit sowie das Einschraubverhalten anodisierter Aluminiumschrauben bezüglich der gewählten Verfahrensvarianten Direkt‐ bzw. Flüssigkontaktierung. Die hartanodisieren Schrauben sind korrosions‐ und verschleißbeständig und eignen sich für die Direktverschraubung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch eine gezielte Oberflächenveredelung der Anwendungsbereich von anodisierten Aluminiumschrauben deutlich erweitert werden kann.
Visual plus nonvisual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Development and evolution over 10 years
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Ouyang Bichun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the development and evolution of visual and nonvisual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease over 10 years. Hallucinations increase over time, but minimal attention has been placed on nonvisual domains. We studied 60 patients with Parkinson's disease who had never hallucinated at baseline and followed them over 10 years. The Rush Hallucination Inventory monitored frequency and type (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory) of hallucinations at baseline and after 0.5, 1.5, 4, 6, and 10 years. Descriptive statistics were applied, and general estimating equation modeling assessed longitudinal risks. Over 10 years, visual hallucinations were endorsed by patients more frequently than other sensory modalities. Whereas isolated visual hallucinations dominated the early hallucination profile, visual plus nonvisual hallucinations accounted for progressively higher proportions of hallucinators over 10 years: 0.5 years, 0%; 4 years, 26%; 6 years, 47%; 10 years, 60% (odds ratio, 1.17; confidence interval, 1.01–1.37; P = .04). Once visual plus nonvisual hallucinations developed, the risk of continuing to have multidomain hallucinations was high (odds ratio, 3.67; confidence interval, 1.13–11.93; P = .03). Hallucination severity was highly associated with current visual plus nonvisual hallucinations (odds ratio, 4.06; confidence interval, 2.93–5.61; P < .0001) and the continuation of multidomain hallucinations (odds ratio, 1.58; confidence interval, 1.12–2.24; P = .01). Whereas visual hallucinations in isolation are classic in Parkinson's disease, nonvisual hallucinations emerge over time, and the combination of visual with nonvisual hallucinations predominates in late Parkinson's disease. To capture the breadth and severity of hallucinations in chronically hallucinating patients with Parkinson's disease, screening inventories and practice‐based interviews must include questions on both visual and nonvisual components. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Exploration of alpine orographic precipitation patterns with radar image processing and clustering techniques
Authors: Foresti Loris , Pozdnoukhov Alexei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA methodology of exploratory data analysis investigating the phenomenon of orographic precipitation enhancement is proposed. The precipitation observations obtained from three Swiss Doppler weather radars are analysed for the major precipitation event of August 2005 in the Alps. Image processing techniques are used to detect significant precipitation cells/pixels from radar images while filtering out spurious effects due to ground clutter. The contribution of topography to precipitation patterns is described by an extensive set of topographical descriptors computed from the digital elevation model at multiple spatial scales. Additionally, the motion vector field is derived from subsequent radar images and integrated into a set of topographic features to highlight the slopes exposed to main flows. Following the exploratory data analysis with a recent algorithm of spectral clustering, it is shown that orographic precipitation cells are generated under specific flow and topographic conditions. Repeatability of precipitation patterns in particular spatial locations is found to be linked to specific local terrain shapes, e.g. at the top of hills and on the upwind side of the mountains. This methodology and our empirical findings for the Alpine region provide a basis for building computational data‐driven models of orographic enhancement and triggering of precipitation. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Polyethylene Nanocomposites Obtained by in situ Polymerization via a Metallocene Catalyst Supported on Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Zapata Paula A. , Quijada Raúl , Lieberwirth Ingo , Benavente Rosario 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were produced through in situ polymerization using bis(n‐butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 supported on silica nanospheres (SN) with diameters of 80–100 nm synthesized by the sol–gel method. The metallocene catalyst was either supported directly on the SN or on SN pretreated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). The effect of zirconium loading on the catalytic behavior and polymer properties was studied. High catalytic activities, comparable with homogeneous polymerizations, were found when the metallocene catalyst was supported directly on the SN. The catalytic activity was lower when the catalyst was supported on the MAO‐treated SN. The molecular weight of the PEs obtained using the supported systems were 40% higher than homogeneous system. TEM images show that the nanospheres were well dispersed throughout the PE matrix. There was a significant improvement in the morphology of the polymer particles for support systems.
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Miniemulsion Polymerisation Via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer in Pseudo‐Bulk Regime
Authors: Jung Simon M. , Gomes Vincent G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA mathematical model of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) living miniemulsion polymerisation based on pseudo‐bulk kinetics was developed and validated successfully with experimental data. In this work, in case of large particles synthesis by RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation greater than cross‐over size, the developed mathematical model in pseudo‐bulk regime reasonably matches with the experimental results and predicts the key polymer properties such as average molecular weight and MWD, average particle size and PSD. Consequently, optimal strategy of semi‐batch operation was developed using monomer and RAFT agent feed rate as process variables with specified initial conditions.
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Psychosocial services in the first 30 days after diagnosis: Results of a web‐based survey of children's oncology group (COG) member institutions
Authors: Selove Rebecca , Kroll Thilo , Coppes Max , Cheng Yao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines what proportion of families of recently diagnosed pediatric cancer patients are offered recommended psychosocial services, and if that proportion is linked to size of institution or number of psychosocial staff.ProceduresA web‐based survey was offered to all institutions belonging to the Children's Oncology Group (COG).ResultsRespondents from 127/212 (=59.9%) COG institutions provided information about percentage of families offered specific services within the first 30 days after diagnosis, and barriers to providing such services, as well as information about other factors that might affect their ability to provide psychosocial care. All sites reported that ≥50% of families are offered 21 of the 27 services investigated in this study. Over half of respondents (n = 290) indicated that inadequate funding for staff (72%) and families' time constraints (63%) were barriers to providing psychosocial care. There was a positive relationship between the total number of psychosocial staff and the number of new patients seen annually (Pearson correlation = 0.3409, P‐value < 0.0004), but not between the total number of psychosocial staff and specific services offered. Most sites do not use validated assessment tools or evidence‐based psychosocial interventions.ConclusionsWhile some version of most recommended psychosocial services are offered across COG institutions, evidence‐based psychosocial services are offered at only 11% of sites. Advances in psychosocial outcomes in pediatric oncology could be accelerated by multi‐site collaboration, use of standardized assessment tools, and evidence‐based interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 435–440. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A short redactable signature scheme using pairing
Authors: Lim Seongan , Lee Eunjeong , Park Cheol‐Min 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTRedactable signature schemes permit deletion of arbitrary substrings of a signed document while preserving the authenticity of the remaining document. Most of known redactable signatures based on pairing have large‐sized signatures and the sizes depend on the product of security parameter and the number of blocks of the redacted document. In this paper, we present a short redactable signature scheme based on pairing. We modify Waters signature scheme to obtain an underlying standard signature defined on composite‐order bilinear group. The modified scheme satisfies the unforgeability under the known message attack based on the Computational Diffie–Hellman assumption. Based on the modified Waters signature, we propose a short redactable signature that is existentially unforgeable under random message attack and weakly private. The size of the proposed scheme is 20% of known redactable signatures using aggregated pairing‐based signatures when half of the message blocks are deleted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of Human Trophoblast Progenitor Cell Lines from the Chorion
Authors: Genbacev Olga , Donne Matthew , Kapidzic Mirhan , Gormley Matthew , Lamb Julie , Gilmore Jacqueline , Larocque Nicholas , Goldfien Gabriel , Zdravkovic Tamara , McMaster Michael T. , Fisher Susan J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Placental trophoblasts are key determinants of in utero development. Mouse trophoblast (TB) stem cells, which were first derived over a decade ago, are a powerful cell culture model for studying their self-renewal or differentiation. Our attempts to isolate an equivalent population from the trophectoderm of human blastocysts generated colonies that quickly differentiated in vitro. This finding suggested that the human placenta has another progenitor niche. Here, we show that the chorion is one such site. Initially, we immunolocalized pluripotency factors and TB fate determinants in the early gestation placenta, amnion, and chorion. Immunoreactive cells were numerous in the chorion. We isolated these cells and plated them in medium containing fibroblast growth factor which is required for human embryonic stem cell self-renewal, and an inhibitor of activin/nodal signaling. Colonies of polarized cells with a limited lifespan emerged. Trypsin dissociation yielded continuously self-replicating monolayers. Colonies and monolayers formed the two major human TB lineages—multinucleate syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Transcriptional profiling experiments revealed the factors associated with the self-renewal or differentiation of human chorionic TB progenitor cells (TBPCs). They included imprinted genes, NR2F1/2, HMGA2, and adhesion molecules that were required for TBPC differentiation. Together, the results of these experiments suggested that the chorion is one source of epithelial CTB progenitors. These findings explain why CTBs of fully formed chorionic villi have a modest mitotic index and identify the chorionic mesoderm as a niche for TBPCs that support placental growth.
Treatment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Improved Efficiency of Cardiomyogenic Transdifferentiation and Improved Cardiac Function via Angiogenesis
Authors: Numasawa Yohei , Kimura Takehiro , Miyoshi Shunichiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Hida Naoko , Tsuji Hiroko , Tsuruta Hikaru , Segawa Kaoru , Ogawa Satoshi , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
To improve the modest efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, the treatment of human MSCs with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) was investigated. MSCs were cultured with or without the medium containing 3 μmol/l of ARBs before cardiomyogenic induction. After cardiomyogenic induction in vitro, cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation efficiency (CTE) was calculated by immunocytochemistry using anticardiac troponin-I antibody. In the nude rat chronic myocardial infarction model, we injected MSCs pretreated with candesartan (A-BM; n = 18) or injected MSCs without pretreatment of candesartan (BM; n = 25), each having survived for 2 weeks. The left ventricular function, as measured by echocardiogram, was compared with cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation in vivo, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with ARBs significantly increased the CTE in vitro (10.1 ± 0.8 n = 12 vs. 4.6 ± 0.3% n = 25, p &lt; .05). Transplantation of candesartan-pretreated MSCs significantly improved the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (BM; −7.2 ± 2.0 vs. A-BM; 3.3 ± 2.3%). Immunohistochemistry revealed significant improvement of cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation in A-BM in vivo (BM; 0 ± 0 vs. A-BM; 0.014 ± 0.006%). Transplantation of ARB-pretreated MSCs significantly improved cardiac function and can be a promising cardiac stem cell source from which to expect cardiomyogenesis.
Use of maternal healthcare services in 10 provinces of rural western China
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Zhou Xiaoyan , Yan Hong , Wang Duolao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore maternal healthcare utilization in rural western China, and to analyze the socioeconomic and demographic determinants associated with use of maternal health services.MethodsBetween July and August 2005, 14 112 women from 45 counties in 10 western provinces of China were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study by a multi‐stage probability sampling method. The women completed a structured questionnaire, and a 2‐level logistic regression model was used to examine the data.ResultsThe proportion of women who had prenatal care was 95%. The average number of prenatal visits was 4.94. The proportion of women who had more than 4 prenatal visits was 52.9%, and 66.9% of these had their first prenatal visit within 12 weeks of gestation. The hospital delivery rate was 86.3%. The frequency of postnatal visits was 84.8%, and the average number of postnatal visits was 2.19. Han ethnicity, higher education, lower parity, higher wealth index, and lower altitude of county had a higher odds ratio for more than 4 prenatal visits, hospital delivery, and postnatal visits.ConclusionMaternal healthcare utilization seems to be associated with socio‐economic and regional factors. The Chinese government should focus on the supply, funding, and quality of maternity services in rural areas.
Potassium‐encapsulated arsenic‐dithiolato compounds: Synthesis, structural calculation, and biological relevance
Authors: Hsu Sodio C.N. , Lin Troy T.Y. , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Chuo Shih‐Wei , Kao Chai‐Lin , Chen Po‐Yu , Hung Min‐Yuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study based on the synthesis, characterization, and structural calculation of small molecular potassium‐encapsulated arsenic‐dithiolato compounds will provide fundamental knowledge about arsenic metabolism behavior in biological system. Two novel air‐stable potassium‐encapsulated arsenic‐dithiolato compounds, [K@As2(L1)3](BF4) (1) and [K@As2(L2)3](BF4) (2), were prepared using deprotonated 2,6‐bis(mercaptomethyl)pyridine (L1H2) and 1,3‐dimercapto‐m‐xylene (L2H2) to react with AsCl3 in the presence of potassium cation. Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by electrospray ionization‐mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and elemental microanalysis. Density functional theory calculation also supports the formation and binding properties of the potassium‐encapsulated arsenic‐dithiolato compounds.
2011 German Escherichia coli outbreak: Alignment-free whole-genome phylogeny by feature frequency profiles
Authors: Cheung Man Kit , LI Lei , Nong Wenyan , Kwan Hoi Shan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccuracy of SNP-based whole-genome phylogeny reconstruction relies heavily on quality of sequence alignment which is particularly hindered by poorly assembled genomes. Alignment-free methods might provide additional insights. Here, we constructed a whole-genome phylogeny of 9 E.coli isolates from the 2011 German outbreak against existing E. coli genomes using the alignment-free feature frequency profile method. In addition, we looked for gene elements that distinguish the outbreak group from the other E. coli strains and possibly accounted for the emergence of the outbreak isolates using the distinguishing feature analysis.
Accuracy of ten isoflurane vaporisers in current clinical use
Authors: Kelly J. M. , Kong K.‐L. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThere is a lack of independent data regarding the accuracy of isoflurane vaporisers in current clinical use. We studied the accuracy of 10 isoflurane vaporisers (six Penlon Sigma Delta, four Datex‐Ohmeda Isotec 5) taken from our operating theatres and anaesthetic rooms. Isoflurane output was measured at a range of fresh gas flow rates using both 100% oxygen and a 1:2 oxygen:nitrous oxide mixture as carrier gas. Within a clinical range of fresh gas flow rates (1–6 l.min−1) the worst relative output deviation of each vaporiser was at least ±20%, with under‐delivery of isoflurane being commoner than over‐delivery. Relative output deviation ranged from −62% to +21%, which could lead to a risk of awareness or overdose. Despite the existence of an in‐house calibration schedule, the vaporisers we found in current clinical use under‐ or occasionally over‐delivered isoflurane to a dangerous and unpredictable extent.
Risk factors for high‐risk human papillomavirus infection in unscreened Malian women
Authors: Tracy J. Kathleen , Traore Cheick B. , Bakarou Kamate , Dembelé Rokiatou , Coulibaly Rokiatou C. , Sow Samba O. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  To investigate the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Malian women, for whom cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer‐related mortality.Methods  Pilot study of 202 women aged 15–65 to determine the prevalence rate of high‐risk HPV infection among unscreened Malian women. Information on risk factors was collected through a standardized, structured interview and clinical examination. High‐risk (HR) HPV DNA was detected using signal amplification methods (hybrid capture II).Results  High‐risk HPV DNA was detected in 12% of unscreened women, while visual inspection after application of acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine (VIA/VILI) identified suspicious abnormalities in 2.5% of unscreened women. Histopathological evaluation of VIA/VILI‐positive biopsies revealed no evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer. The majority of infections occurred among women in the 15–24 year old range. Compared to women who were married or widowed, single women were 3.5 times more likely to be infected with HR HPV.Conclusions  The prevalence of infection with cancer causing types of HPV in this study was 12%. These prevalence estimates are consistent with what has been reported previously for other West African countries.