bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants in the Post–Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era
Authors: Rudinsky Sherri L. , Carstairs Keri L. , Reardon Jacqueline M. , Simon Leslie V. , Riffenburgh Robert H. , Tanen David A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to identify the epidemiology of serious bacterial infections (SBI) and the current utility of obtaining routine complete blood counts (CBC) and blood cultures to stratify infants at risk of SBI, in the study population of febrile infants in the post–heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) era.Methods:  A cohort study with nested case‐controls was undertaken at a tertiary care military hospital emergency department (ED) from December 2002 through December 2003. Irrespective of clinical findings at the initial encounter, patients were included if they were under 3 months of age and had a home or ED temperature of ≥100.4°F or if they were between 3 and 24 months of age with a temperature of ≥102.3°F. Data abstracted included age, temperature, peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, and discharge diagnosis. Culture (blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) and chest radiograph (CXR) results were obtained through review of the electronic hospital archives. SBI was defined as pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), meningitis, or bacteremia.Results:  A total of 985 children aged 0 to 24 months were enrolled. Fifty‐five percent were male, the median age was 12 months (interquartile range = 8–17 months), and 79% had received at least one PCV7. A total of 132 cases of SBI were identified in 129 infants (13.1%): 82 pneumonias, 45 UTI, five bacteremias, and no cases of bacterial meningitis. The frequency of bacteremia was 0.7%. No statistical difference was detected in the WBC count between the SBI and non‐SBI groups (13.8 ± 5.8 and 11.7 ± 5.6, respectively; p = 0.055). No readily available WBC cutoff on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve proved to be an accurate predictor of SBI. No statistical difference was detected in mean temperature between the SBI and non‐SBI groups (103.3 ± 1.2 and 103.2 ± 1.2°F, respectively; p = 0.26), nor was there a difference noted when groups were broken down by age or height of fever.Conclusions:  The WBC count and height of fever were not found to be accurate predictors of SBI in infants age 3 to 24 months. UTI and pneumonias made up the vast majority of SBI in this population of infants. The overall bacteremia frequency was well below 1%. This calls into question the continued utility of obtaining routine complete cell counts and blood cultures in the febrile infant in the post‐PCV7 era.
Rotational movements of mandibular two‐implant overdentures
Authors: Kimoto Suguru , Pan Shaoxia , Drolet Nicolas , Feine Jocelyne S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: Clinicians have reported that their patients complain that their mandibular two‐implant overdentures (IOD) rotate. Therefore, we studied the frequency and severity of rotation of IODs with two‐ball attachments, how rotation may influence perceived satisfaction ratings of chewing ability, and the factors that are involved in the rotation of IODs.Material and methods: Seventy‐nine participants were recruited and asked to rate their general satisfaction of their IODs, as well as their ability to chew foods, the existence of any mandibular denture rotation, and to what degree denture rotation bothered them. Data on participant sociodemographic, anatomical, and prosthesis characteristics were also collected. Student's t‐test and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the differences between participants who did (R group) and did not report (NR group) denture rotation.Results: Thirty‐seven of 79 participants were aware of rotational movement in their IODs. These patients were significantly less satisfied with their chewing ability than those who felt no rotation (69.1 mm R group vs. 82.9 mm), and discomfort caused by the rotation bothered them moderately (39/100 mm). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the arrangement of the anterior teeth and the length of the denture are significantly associated with awareness of denture rotation. Thirty‐eight percent in the R group and 31% in the NR group had non‐scheduled visits.Conclusions: Rotational movement with a mandibular two‐IOD has a negative effect on perceived chewing ability and is associated with anterior tooth arrangement and denture length.
The effect of microrough surface treatment on miniscrews used as orthodontic anchors
Authors: Chang Chin‐Shan , Lee Tzer‐Min , Chang Chih‐Han , Liu Jia‐Kuang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different microrough surface treatments on miniscrews with loading over different time periods in vivo.Material and methods: Twenty‐four New Zealand white rabbits were selected. One hundred and forty‐four miniscrews with a machined (MA), sandblasted and acid‐etched (SLA) or sandblasted and alkaline‐etched (SL/NaOH) surface were implanted into the tibia of the rabbits. Then, orthodontic forces with Ni–Ti coils were applied immediately to two of the three miniscrews in each tibia, with the center one serving as the control. After 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed. The removal torque value (RTV) was tested and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was examined.Results: In most groups, there were no differences between the RTV in the unloaded and loaded conditions at different time periods. In the loaded condition, the RTV of the SLA groups increased significantly after 4 weeks of healing. The RTV in the SL/NaOH groups increased after 8 weeks, and reached a significant difference with the SLA groups after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the BIC in the SLA and SL/NaOH groups was higher than in the MA groups. A regression test revealed a moderate correlation between the BIC and the RTV.Conclusions: There were no differences between the loaded and unloaded conditions in most groups. The RTV and BIC increased with time. In the loaded condition, the RTV of the SLA surface increased earlier, at 4 weeks, while the SL/NAOH group showed the highest RTV after 8 weeks.
Salivary pH level and bacterial plaque evaluation in orthodontic patients treated with Recaldent® products
Authors: Marchisio O , Esposito MR , Genovesi A 
Published: June 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 232–236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00374.x Marchisio O, Esposito MR, Genovesi A. Salivary pH level and bacterial plaque evaluation in orthodontic patients treated with Recaldent® products.Abstract:  Dental caries and resulting tooth decay can produce a multifactorial destructive process with a very high incidence. Cariogenic bacteria attack enamel with acids that produce subsurface lesions, thereby weakening the enamel and allowing bacterial progression into the dentin. The formation of dental decay, because of demineralization of the tooth structure, can be prevented or delayed by increasing the rate of the tooth’s remineralization and replacement relative to the tooth’s rate of demineralization. This rebuilding of enamel may be accelerated by the addition of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with the aid of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) (Recaldent® molecule). In this study, the role of CPP in stabilizing and releasing ACP on the tooth surface has been investigated to better understand its efficacy in the prevention of tooth demineralization in orthodontic patients. Twenty‐five patients who wore fixed orthodontic appliances were enrolled in this clinical trial. It was explained to the patients that CPP–ACP would be used for 3 weeks and then suspended for an additional 3 weeks. Salivary pH evaluation, plaque pH evaluation and oral hygiene index (OHI) were performed at T0, T1 and T2. Results showed an increase in OHI level and an increase of the salivary pH (76% of the patients). Instead of plaque pH level that showed trivial results, only 48% of the patients showed a bacterial plaque pH increase. In conclusion, this study has not provided unequivocal evidence for the protective properties of Recaldent® molecule. Long‐term studies are necessary to better understand the role of this molecule.
The Aging Dilemma: Is Increasing Longevity Among People With Intellectual Disabilities Creating a New Population Challenge in the Asia‐Pacific Region?
Authors: Janicki Matthew P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Macau Declaration on Ageing for Asia and the Pacific and the Plan of Action on Ageing for Asia and the Pacific provide a framework for defining the needs of the aging population in the Asia‐Pacific region. It also served as a stimulus for planning and public commitment to addressing the needs of the region's elderly population, including the needs of each of the nation's adult and aging populations of persons with intellectual disabilities. Within the Asia‐Pacific region, the diversity of cultural and economic interests often combines to define how services are provided to their aging populations and both how disabilities are perceived and how national policies reflect these interests in serving people with disabilities. Reports issued by the World Health Organization on improving longevity and promoting healthy aging among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the Tampa Scientific Conference on Aging and Intellectual Disabilities on defining health factors help provide the structure for both the consideration of the impact of aging on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and how national social and public welfare policies can be framed to respond to aging and lifelong disability.
Healthy Persons With Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusive Society
Authors: Van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk H. M. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPersons with intellectual disabilities (ID) have twice as many health problems than the general public. The author discusses evidence‐based research on prevalence and best treatment of primary and secondary health problems in persons with ID. Citing the pan‐European Pomona project, European data were collected on training for health professionals regarding health of persons with ID. International cooperation in research and transport of expertise through exchange of students and professionals in this field are recommended.
Possibilities for an Inclusive Society in Singapore: Becoming Inclusive Within
Authors: Lim Levan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe envisioning of Singapore as an inclusive society has witnessed the most progressive systemic and policy developments concerning people with disabilities in recent years. The building of “heartware” in society (as in the will, values, and attitudes of its citizens) in order to realize the vision of an inclusive society, however, requires both change from within and change from without. For the vision of an inclusive society to be realized, an inclusive system needs to be upheld and supported by people who are inclusive within. The seeds for the possibilities of change in society toward inclusivity of diverse others (e.g., persons with intellectual disabilities) lie within the individual and imply that at the core of such change is personal interior growth and transformation. The sustainable and successful transformation of Singapore in becoming an inclusive society, in addition to the external social and educational changes, depends on individuals who are willing to embrace interior change and personal transformation to become more inclusive of themselves and others.
Challenging Behavior: A Barrier to Inclusion?
Authors: Murphy Glynis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractArguably, the most important outcome measure for services to people with intellectual disabilities is quality of life. Quality of life has been defined in numerous ways and may consist of many aspects, including physical, material, and emotional well‐being, as well as interpersonal relationships, personal development, self‐determination, social inclusion, and civic rights. However, the most important aspect is social inclusion. People with intellectual disabilities who show challenging behavior, however, often make other people uncomfortable so that social inclusion is more difficult, and evidence suggests that both children and adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior (and their families) have poorer quality of life and more restrictions in their lives than others with intellectual disabilities. Examination of the psychosocial aspects of quality of life indicates that modern services are still not good at providing people with challenging behavior with opportunities for making relationships, employment, and social inclusion. We need to improve our ability to target these areas of quality of life, particularly social inclusion for people with challenging behavior.
Erectile Dysfunction and Mortality
Authors: Araujo Andre B. , Travison Thomas G. , Ganz Peter , Chiu Gretchen R. , Kupelian Varant , Rosen Raymond C. , Hall Susan A. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share pathophysiological mechanisms and often co-occur. Yet it is not known whether ED provides an early warning for increased CVD or other causes of mortality.AimWe sought to examine the association of ED with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsProspective population-based study of 1,709 men (of 3,258 eligible) aged 40–70 years. ED was measured by self-report. Subjects were followed for a mean of 15 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Main Outcome MeasuresMortality due to all causes, CVD, malignant neoplasms, and other causes.ResultsOf 1,709 men, 1,284 survived to the end of 2004 and had complete ED and age data. Of 403 men who died, 371 had complete data. After adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cigarette smoking, self-assessed health, and self-reported heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, ED was associated with HRs of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.57) for all-cause mortality, and 1.43 (95% CI 1.00–2.05) for CVD mortality. The HR for CVD mortality associated with ED is of comparable magnitude to HRs of some conventional CVD risk factors.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that ED is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality, primarily through its association with CVD mortality.
Small Tent‐Roosting Bats Promote Dispersal of Large‐Seeded Plants in a Neotropical Forest
Authors: Melo Felipe P. L. , Rodriguez‐Herrera Bernal , Chazdon Robin L. , Medellin Rodrigo A. , Ceballos Gerardo G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIn Neotropical regions, fruit bats are among the most important components of the remaining fauna in disturbed landscapes. These relatively small‐bodied bats are well‐known dispersal agents for many small‐seeded plant species, but are assumed to play a negligible role in the dispersal of large‐seeded plants. We investigated the importance of the small tent‐roosting bat Artibeus watsoni for dispersal of large seeds in the Sarapiquí Basin, Costa Rica. We registered at least 43 seed species > 8 mm beneath bat roosts, but a species accumulation curve suggests that this number would increase with further sampling. Samples collected beneath bat feeding roosts had, on average, 10 times more seeds and species than samples collected 5 m away from bat feeding roosts. This difference was generally smaller in small, disturbed forest patches. Species‐specific abundance of seeds found beneath bat roosts was positively correlated with abundance of seedlings, suggesting that bat dispersal may influence seedling recruitment. Our study demonstrates a greater role of small frugivorous bats as dispersers of large seeds than previously thought, particularly in regions where populations of large‐bodied seed dispersers have been reduced or extirpated by hunting.
Mecardonia tenella (Plantaginaceae) Attracts Oil‐, Perfume‐, and Pollen‐Gathering Bees in Southern Brazil
Authors: Cappellari Simone Caroline , Harter‐Marques Birgit , Aumeier Pia , Engels Wolf 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFloral characteristics often indicate the pollinators' functional group visiting the plant and the pollination syndromes associated with them. This idea has been challenged in the past decades due to increasing evidence that most plants, including those exhibiting floral syndromes, are visited by large arrays of species that differ in their effectiveness as pollinators. Our study focuses on Mecardonia tenella (Plantaginaceae) from the Araucaria forest of southern Brazil, which exhibits characteristics of the oil flower pollination syndrome. However, it is visited by three types of functional groups of bees: male orchid bees, oil‐collecting bees, and pollen‐seeking bees. The relative contribution of each functional group to the plant's reproductive success was estimated based on their pollen load, visitation frequency, and morphology. We assessed resources, phenology, and breeding system of M. tenella. Our results indicate that flowers lack nectar, but volatiles, lipids, and pollen are resources that can be gathered by visitors. This combination of floral traits and visitors' assemblage makes M. tenella a challenge to the concept of pollination syndromes. Our findings indicate that the current interactions may not reflect the circumstances under which some floral traits of this plant were selected.
Persisting Hyper‐abundance of Leaf‐cutting Ants (Atta spp.) at the Edge of an Old Atlantic Forest Fragment
Authors: Meyer Sebastian T. , Leal Inara R. , Wirth Rainer 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLeaf‐cutting ants (LCAs) profoundly benefit from edge creation in Neotropical forests, where they act as a keystone species and disturbance agent. In view of their poorly explored population dynamics, the question arises whether high densities of LCAs are a transitional or a persisting phenomenon. We studied the temporal variation of LCA colony densities at the edge of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. At physically stable edges of an old forest fragment, densities of Atta cephalotes and Atta sexdens (11 and five times higher in a 50 m edge zone in comparison with the forest interior) persisted over a 4‐yr interval (2001–2005) with no significant difference in densities between years. Species‐specific per colony growth rates ranged from 12 to −5 percent/yr, suggesting that populations were approximately at equilibrium. High rates of colony turnover (little less than 50% in 4 yr) indicated an average colony life span of about 7 yr—a life expectancy considerably lower than previous estimates for Atta colonies. Stable, hyper‐abundant populations of LCAs accord with the constantly high availability of palatable pioneer vegetation (the preferred food source of LCAs) at forest edges and are expected to persist in time as long as forests are characterized by high edge to interior ratios, with potentially long‐lasting consequences for the ecosystem.
Comparison of Different Low Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Machines on Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Moriarty Patrick , Sosland Rachel , Gibson Cheryl , Belmont John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone released from cardiac ventricles during episodes of hemodynamic overload. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis, a procedure for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and coronary artery disease (CAD), lowers plasma cholesterol and immediately reduces blood viscosity and coronary vascular resistance while improving myocardial blood flow and microvascular perfusion. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of LDL apheresis to reduce BNP chronically. We undertook this study to evaluate the difference in reduction of BNP levels following a single treatment with two dissimilar LDL apheresis devices. We conducted a prospective trial involving 27 patients (19 F; age = 59 ± 9 years) with FH who received at least 6 months of bi‐weekly LDL apheresis therapy with either the Secura heparin extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP) system (N = 17 patients, B. Braun, Inc., Melsungen, Germany) or the Liposorber LA‐15 dextran sulfate absorber (DSA) system (N = 10 patients, Kaneka, Inc., Osaka, Japan). We measured BNP levels immediately before and after one treatment of LDL apheresis. Following LDL apheresis, BNP levels were reduced by an average of 40 ± 17% (P < 0.001). Despite treating equal amounts of plasma, the HELP system reduced BNP (45 ± 18%) significantly more than the DSA system (31 ± 11%,P = 0.031). In conclusion, LDL apheresis therapy, possibly through its immediate improvement of vascular flow and/or removal of the peptide from plasma, results in a significant reduction of BNP levels. The increased reduction of BNP by HELP may result from its superior acute alterations of rheological markers.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF COW AND GOAT CHEESES FROM NORTHWEST ARGENTINA
Authors: VAN NIEUWENHOVE CARINA P. , OLISZEWSKI RUBÉN , GONZÁLEZ SILVIA N. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of cow and goat cheeses from Northwest Argentina. Similar chemical and fatty acid composition were determined in milk and cheese of both species. Palmitic, oleic and myristic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in dairy products. CLA level averaged 0.85 and 0.96 in milk and 0.76 and 1.04 g/100 g of fatty acids in cheese of cow and goat, respectively. Cis‐9,trans‐11 was the major isomer present in both species. Significant differences in CLA desaturase activity were observed, showing a value of 0.068 and 0.064 in milk, and 0.077 and 0.071 in cheese of cow and goats, respectively. Good nutritional properties were determined for cheeses of both species, which are fed on natural pasture during spring and summer seasons. Goat's cheese represents a higher source of CLA for human consumers than cow's cheese, offering from 156.6 to 222.6 mg/ 100 g of sample.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe present work shows the fatty acid composition and chemical characteristics of two fresh cheeses manufactured with cow and goat milk. Animals were fed on natural pasture during summer and spring seasons. It is known that pasture increases conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration in milk fat, and the content in cheese is directly related to it. The CLA content of dairy products for the human consumers was analyzed, showing goat cheese with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, including CLA. Cow and goat fresh cheese offer CLA as many ripening products of different countries, as cheddar or hard cheeses. Lipid composition of food is related to many illnesses, but some compounds are beneficial to human health. The main sources of CLA are milk and cheeses, and in Northwest of Argentina, no data are reported about it, where artisanal cheeses are consumed by the population. Therefore, the atherogenicity index was determined as well.