bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-technical perspectives for mechanical ventilation systems in buildings: predictors of attitude and user satisfaction
Authors: Berneiser Jessica , Maier Diana , Gölz Sebastian , Auerswald Sven , Dinkel Arnulf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mechanical ventilation plays an important role in an increasingly energy-efficient building stock by promoting a good indoor air quality, occupant comfort and building protection. It can also reduce energy losses due to suboptimal ventilation behavior during the cold season and increase the overall energy efficiency of the building. However, the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation systems is dependent on appropriate user behavior. Discrepancies between technical requirements and actual user behavior in terms of adequate ventilation system use have been observed in empirical research. This can decrease energy efficiency and potentially negatively impact indoor air quality. The aim of this research was to explore factors that predict occupants’ attitudes towards their ventilation system and their satisfaction with it. We examined self-reported natural ventilation practices of occupants as well as predictors of technology acceptance and user satisfaction with mechanical ventilation. Predictors of these two dependent variables differed slightly in our sample. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the ventilation system predicted both attitudes and user satisfaction. In addition, user satisfaction was significantly associated with the perceived cleanliness of the ventilation system. Even though stated as a relevant preference for ventilation systems in our pre-study, satisfaction with control options was not related to attitudes or user satisfaction, neither was the subjective importance of the noise level and energy efficiency. We therefore conclude that it is essential to emphasize the goals and benefits of mechanical ventilation systems, hence their usefulness for comfort, health, building protection, and energy efficiency. Furthermore, it seems crucial to provide detailed explanations on the correct operation of the system to maintain its effectiveness. Ensuring the system’s understandability and ease of use are also vital for aligning technology requirements with user needs. Finally, to increase user satisfaction it may be critical to place importance on the filtering capabilities and cleanliness of the ventilation systems. Highlighting these aspects and explaining what is required of users to maintain hygienic environments in manuals and during installation could be a promising means of ensuring adequate long-term operation by occupants.
Parental strategies and educational inequalities during severe economic, political and refugee crises in conflict-affected Lebanon
Authors: Al Khalili Tamara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores how parents in Lebanon select schools and how their choices contribute to educational inequality, especially during the ongoing severe economic, political and refugee crises. Using an exploratory methodology within a qualitative research design, the study included 30 semi-structured interviews with parents of school-aged children, chosen through purposive convenience and snowball sampling technique. Thematic analysis reveals widespread parental preference for private, fee-paying schools as opposed to public schools that are free at the point of entry. However, the ability of parents to choose private institutions, unsurprisingly linked to socioeconomic status, has been exacerbated by the recent crises. This study offers insights into a new socio-economic group of parents, previously part of the middle class, who are facing difficulties in selecting schools that align with their aspirations for their children. It found them strategically moving their children between private and public schools and making compromises based on factors such as the perceived importance of the educational stage and the child’s perceived academic abilities. Moreover, it shows parents exhibiting harsh practices, favoring private schools for high-achieving children while sending children with lower levels of academic performance and children with disabilities and/or specific educational needs, to public schools. The study underscores the challenges stemming from diminished trust in public education, detailing the difficult decisions some parents are forced to make due to unprecedented crises. It also highlights the growing educational inequality in this conflict-affected context and emphasizes the urgent need for systemic interventions to address widening disparities in Lebanon’s education system.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Screening in Primary Care Settings for Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Küçükardalı-Cansever Betül , Lamson Angela , Sira Natalia , Bridgland Stephanie Ann , Eagan Sheena , Roberts Erin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Substantial evidence links ACE scores with adult health complications, emphasizing the significance of enhanced detection, interpretation, and management of ACEs in primary care settings for adults. This systematic review aims to explore existing ACE screening and post-screening practices for adult patients in primary care settings worldwide via a thorough systematic review, including a search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. Out of an initial 883 potential articles from two independent reviewers, 53 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in the US (71.7%). Globally, 83% of the ACE screening studies indicated that ACES were screened specifically for research purposes, while the remaining 17% covered quality improvement, trauma-informed care interventions, and routine screenings in healthcare settings. This review delves into various intricacies of ACEs screening, the professional roles involved in the screening process, the location where the screening was conducted, prior training on ACEs for the screening implementers, and subsequent actions like interventions, referrals, and resource allocation. Despite growing awareness of the long-term effects of ACEs, a gap exists between ACEs research and related clinical practices in primary care. Additionally, there is no consensus on how to utilize ACEs screening in primary care and which ACE scores necessitate indicated interventions. Implications focus on the collaborative health use of ACEs screenings in primary care.
Tight quasi-universality of Reeb graph distances
Authors: Bauer Ulrich , Bjerkevik Håvard Bakke , Fluhr Benedikt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We establish tight bi-Lipschitz bounds certifying quasi-universality (universality up to a constant factor) for various distances between Reeb graphs: the interleaving distance, the functional distortion distance, and the functional contortion distance. The definition of the latter distance is a novel contribution, and for the special case of contour trees we also prove strict universality of this distance. Furthermore, we prove that for the special case of merge trees the functional contortion distance coincides with the interleaving distance, yielding universality of all four distances in this case.
Biodegradable microplastics coupled with biochar enhance Cd chelation and reduce Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Zhao Meng , Zou Guoyuan , Li Yifan , Pan Bo , Wang Xuexia , Zhang Jiajia , Xu Li , Li Congping , Chen Yanhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The impact of microplastics on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of combining different biochars with polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics on the growth of Chinese cabbage, rhizosphere soil metabolomics, bacterial community structure, and Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated soil. Compared with the treatment with biochar alone, the addition of PLA suppressed plant growth, but also reduced Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage by 8–42%; the treatment with sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBC)–PLA showed the most prominent effect. Compared with the treatment with SBC alone, SBC–PLA reduced Cd accumulation in roots and aboveground parts by 47 and 22%, respectively (p < 0.05). The addition of PLA enhanced the soil organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, and total nitrogen contents, but reduced the available phosphorus and readily available potassium contents, with no significant impact on available Cd. The rhizosphere metabolite analysis showed that PLA plus biochar promoted the formation of cyclohexene terpenoids and chelating agents, the urea cycle, and chelation with Cd ions, thereby reducing Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage roots. The microbial structure analysis demonstrated that PLA plus biochar drove chelation between organic carbon, nitrogen, and Cd. This study highlights the potential of microplastics for mitigating Cd accumulation in plants and the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.

Graphical Abstract
Differences in the physical protection mechanisms of soil organic carbon with 13C-labeled straw and biochar
Authors: Yang Caidi , Chang Yuexin , Liu Jingjing , Tian Yu , Lu Shenggao , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Straw-derived biochar has a greater potential for carbon (C) sequestration than straw that is directly returned to the soils. An incubation experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different straw returning modes (straw and biochar) on soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and their underlying physical protection mechanisms. The 13C-labeled straw and biochar were applied at rates of 0.5% and 1% (w/w) to three typical upland soils collected from Yuzhong, Yangling, and Changwu (labeled as YZ, YL, and CW, respectively) on the Loess Plateau in China. Soil C fractions and isotopic C were measured, and the pore structure of macroaggregates was quantified using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and verified by 3D visualization images. Compared to the control (CK), the addition of straw biochar increased SOC contents more than straw in three soils, especially at higher rates. Only biochar improved particulate organic C (POC) contents, and the changes of mineral-associated organic C (MOC) contents differed with soil types. Soil potential C mineralization (PCM) and microbial biomass C (MBC) increased with the addition of straw rather than biochar, except for MBC in YZ soil. The contribution percentages and contents of 13C in SOC, POC, and MOC were higher with biochar addition than with straw addition, especially in YZ and YL soils. The total porosity and pore connectivity increased with straw addition in YL soil and with the 1% biochar application in CW soil. However, only isolated porosity increased in YZ soil. Meanwhile, the macropores increased while the mesopores and micropores showed decreasing trends in both YL and CW soils. Additionally, YL soil exhibited more pronounced positive correlations between pore structure and C fractions compared to the other two soils. These findings suggested that the sequestration of SOC was attributed to the improvements of POC and MOC by affecting soil pore structure in straw- and biochar-amended soils, respectively. Therefore, both the form of imported C and soil properties, such as the fertility and pore structure, should be comprehensively considered to fully optimize the potential for C sequestration in farmland soils.

Graphical Abstract
Sustainable post-purchase behaviour of consumers of fashion textile products
Authors: Kemi Arifa Parvin , Zilahy Gyula 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sustainable consumption is crucial for advancing the circular economy envisioned by the European Union in its Circular Economy Action Plan. This framework emphasizes that, alongside corporations adopting more sustainable production processes, consumers must also contribute to a sustainable future by altering their consumption patterns and lifestyles. A key aspect of consumer behaviour involves preferences for new versus second-hand products and actions taken post-purchase. To deepen understanding in this area, our research analyses consumers’ sustainable post-purchase behaviours related to fashion (textile) products, focusing on the factors influencing their intentions to reuse, repair, and recycle. We conducted a representative survey of 500 residents in Budapest, Hungary, employing clustering techniques and structural equation modelling grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Our findings indicate that consumers who purchase second-hand fashion products are slightly more likely to engage in sustainable post-purchase activities. We identified and characterized four distinct clusters of fashion consumers based on their post-purchase behaviours. Moreover, we found that attitudes have a relatively minor influence on repairing and giving away old fashion items, whereas social norms and perceived behavioural control play a more significant role.
Carbon quantum dots modified 3D flower-like BiOCl nanostructures with enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Xinyuan , Li Xia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, a series of carbon quantum dot (CQDs) modified three-dimensional flower-like BiOCl microspheres were synthesized using a simple solvothermal method.A multitude of techniques like XRD, TEM, XPS, BET, XPS UV–vis, PL and EPR were employed to investigate the morphology, structure, optical and electronic properties as well as photocatalytic performance of the samples. The BC-1.5 photocatalyst displays the he best-performing photocatalytic degradation rate of 99% for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible-light irradiation within 30 min. The photoactivity is 5.3 times of that of the bare BiOCl. This unique three-dimensional flower-like structure can provide a large number of reaction sites and stronger internal light reflection, which can enhance the absorption of photons. Meanwhile, CQDs enable faster charge transfer and more effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby increasing the degradation rate. The mechanism of photocatalysis was further proposed, and the charge transfer and active substances formed during photocatalysis were unfolded. This study provides a new opportunity for rational design of efficient photocatalysts in environmental remediation.
Advances in 4D Shape-Memory Resins for AI-Aided Personalized Scaffold Bioengineering
Authors: Thurzo Andrej , Varga Ivan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative workflow for developing personalized bioengineered scaffolds by combining AI-driven auto-segmentation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans with the design of temperature-responsive photocurable resins, or 4D polymers. Using Diagnocat software, AI segmentation achieves precise morphological replication of anatomical structures, creating accurate 3D models that are tailored to each patient's unique anatomy. These models guide the fabrication of scaffolds with varying porosities and geometries, using TC-85—a biocompatible, temperature-sensitive resin with distinct mechanical and viscoelastic properties. The resin’s temperature responsiveness enables the scaffolds to dynamically adapt to physiological conditions, enhancing functionality by morphologically shifting to stimulate adherent cells. This approach demonstrates the advantages of automated AI segmentation and underscores the potential of 4D scaffolds for advanced bioengineering applications.
Use of standardized nasal and skin decolonization to reduce rates of bacteremia in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Taylor Madyson , Griffin Russell L , Walker Jeremey , James Catina , Akinsanya Angela , Duncan Mary , Lee Rachael A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to determine if implementation of universal nasal decolonization with daily chlorhexidine bathing will decrease blood stream infections (BSI) in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary care facility.

Patients:
Patients placed on ECMO from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023.

Intervention:
Daily bathing with 4% chlorhexidine soap and universal mupirocin nasal decolonization were initiated for all ECMO patients May 2021. The primary outcome was rate of ECMO-attributable positive blood cultures. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for the association between decolonization with BSI rates.

Results:
A total of 776 patients met inclusion criteria during the study period, 425 (55%) preimplementation and 351 (45%) post-implementation. Following implementation of decolonization, the overall incidence rate of BSI increased nonsignificantly from 10.7 to 14.0 infections per 1000 ECMO days (aRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.74–1.59). For gram-positive cocci (GPC) pathogens, a nonsignificant 40% increased rate was observed in the post-implementation period (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.89–2.21), due mostly to a significant increase in the crude rate of Enterococcus BSI (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.01–3.55). Excluding Enterococcus resulted in a nonsignificant 28% decreased rate (aRR 0.72, 95% CI 0.39-1.36) due to a nonsignificant 55% decreased rate of MRSA (aRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18–3.58).

Conclusions:
Implementation of a universal decolonization protocol did not significantly reduce rates of certain BSIs, including MRSA and other gram-positive pathogens. Although nonsignificant, reduction in BSI rates in this patient population has important implications on surveillance metrics, such as MRSA, and in the future, hospital-onset bacteremia.
European constitutional scholars in the digital public sphere: reply to Somek and Paar
Authors: Komárek Jan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn their recent article ‘Europe’s political constitution’, Alexander Somek and Elisabeth Paar conclude: ‘scholactivism is the form of constitutional law of Europe. There is nothing below or above it. It is all there is’. In this reply I want to take issue with such (rather bleak) view of what European constitutional scholarship is about. Firstly, I argue that scholactivism undermines the very conditions of scholarship as a pursuit of knowledge autonomous from both public and private power. The current attacks on academic institutions by authoritarian governments, and also the increasing dependence of research on private funders result, at least in part, from the politicization of scholarship. Secondly, I argue that we should be more critical towards the infrastructure of the digital public sphere, which Somek and Paar see to be emerging through blogs and other platforms, and be more protective of the existing practices that we inherited from our predecessors.
ASKAP EMU Radio Detection of the Reflection Nebula VdB-80 in the Monoceros Crossbones Filamentary Structure
Authors: Bradley A. C. , Smeaton Z. J. , Tothill N. F. H. , Filipović M. D. , Becker W. , Hopkins A. M. , Koribalski B. S. , Lazarević S. , Leahy D. , Rowell G. , Velović V. , Urošević D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a new radio detection from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey associated with the Reflection Nebula (RN) VdB-80. The radio detection is determined to be a previously unidentified Hii region, now named Lagotis. The RN is located towards Monoceros, centred in the molecular cloud feature known as the ‘Crossbones’. The 944 M̃Hz EMU image shows a roughly semicircular Hii region with an integrated flux density of 30.2±0.3 mJy. The Hii region is also seen at 1.4 GHz by NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), yielding an estimated spectral index of 0.65±0.51, consistent with thermal radio emission. Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) data give a distance to the stars associated with the Hii region of ∼960 pc. This implies a size of 0.76×0.68(±0.09) pc for the Hii region. We derive an Hii region electron density of the bright radio feature to be 26 cm−3, requiring a Lyman-alpha photon flux of 1045.6 s−1, which is consistent with the expected Lyman flux of HD46060, the B2 ii type star which is the likely ionising star of the region. The derived distance to this region implies that the Crossbones feature is a superposition of two filamentary clouds, with Lagotis embedded in the far cloud.
Neural subgroups in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder during emotion regulation
Authors: Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Ritsma Florien , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Munkholm Klaus , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Macoveanu Julian , Bjertrup Anne Juul , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Impaired emotion regulation has been proposed as a putative endophenotype in bipolar disorder (BD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating this in unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) have thus far yielded incongruent findings. Hence, the current paper examines neural subgroups among UR during emotion regulation.

Methods
71 UR of patients with BD and 66 healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI scanning while performing an emotion regulation task. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on extracted signal change during emotion down-regulation in pre-defined regions of interest (ROIs). Identified subgroups were compared on neural activation, demographic, clinical, and cognitive variables.

Results
Two subgroups of UR were identified: subgroup 1 (39 UR; 55%) was characterized by hypo-activity in the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral amygdalae, but comparable activation to HC in the other ROIs; subgroup 2 (32 UR; 45%) was characterized by hyperactivity in all ROIs. Subgroup 1 had lower success in emotion regulation compared to HC and reported more childhood trauma compared to subgroup 2 and HC. Subgroup 2 reported more anxiety, lower functioning, and greater attentional vigilance toward fearful faces compared to HC. Relatives from both subgroups were poorer in recognizing positive faces compared to HC.

Conclusions
These findings may explain the discrepancy in earlier fMRI studies on emotion regulation in UR, showing two different subgroups of UR that both exhibited aberrant neural activity during emotion regulation, but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the results suggest that impaired recognition of positive facial expressions is a broad endophenotype of BD.
Towards more transparent risk assessment of communicable diseases – Redefining probability and impact
Authors: Nauta Maarten , Christiansen Lasse Engbo , Lefèvre Stine Kjær , Munkstrup Charlotte Louise , Young Johanna , Rosenquist Hanne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Epidemic preparedness requires clear procedures and guidelines when a rapid risk assessment of a communicable disease threat is requested. In an evaluation of past risk assessments, we found that modifications to existing guidelines, such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control’s (ECDC) rapid risk assessment operational tool, can strengthen this process. Therefore, we present alternative guidelines, in which we propose a unifying risk assessment terminology, describe how the risk question should be phrased by the risk manager, and redefine the probability and impact dimension of risk, including a methodology to express uncertainty. In our approach, probability refers to the probability of the introduction of a disease into a specified population in a specified time period, and impact combines the magnitude of spread and the severity of the health outcomes. Based on the collected evidence, both the probability of introduction and the magnitude of spread are quantitatively expressed by expert judgements, providing unambiguous risk assessment. We advise not to summarize the risk by a single qualification as ‘low’ or ‘high’. These alternative guidelines, which are illustrated by a hypothetical example on mpox, have been implemented at Statens Serum Institut in Denmark and can benefit other public health institutes.