bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career guidance potential of the elective language course “Introduction to Media”
Authors: Prokhorov A. V. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. The problem of conscious professional self-determination of schoolchildren is acute for all interested parties - schools, universities, employers, as well – as parents of schoolchildren. The difficulty lies in the dynamically changing labor market conditions, the emergence of new professional fields and professions, and an oversupply of services in the higher education market.Research Methods. In order to integrate the career guidance component in teaching a foreign language to school students, based on the established experience in developing professionally oriented elective courses, an elective language course “Introduction to Media” is proposed.Materials and Methods. The elective language course “Introduction to Media”, aimed at students in grades 10-11, has undoubted career guidance potential. It is intended to introduce students to the professional fields of media communications, which in the future will contribute to their informed professional choice within one of the bachelor’s degree courses (Journalism, Advertising and Public Relations, Media Communications).Conclusion. The elective language course “Introduction to Media” is focused on meeting the students’ needs in learning the professions’ world is designed to promote their conscious professional self-determination, as well as the formation of students’ ability to use the studied foreign language as a means of professional communication in the field of media communications.
Land use practices in the estates of landlords in the late XIX – early XX century
Authors: Zhitin R. M. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. Unequal resource provision of owners’ property and a significant shortage of peasant hay and forest lands, aggravated by overgrowth and far-earth land, determined the practice of economic relations between landlords and communal farms.Research Methods. The problem of land use in the landlord economy system of post-reform Russia remains one of the most difficult in agrarian historiography. In the writings of prerevolutionary historians, the modernization of estates is highlighted in the writings of conservatives who linked crisis moments in the economy of estates with insufficient state support for owners and liberal figures stratifying savings into labor and capitalist ones. In the works of Soviet historians, the modernization of the latifundia is severely criticized.Results and Discussion. Many landlords, taking advantage of the positive situation in the grain market, expanded production and established a diversified economic complex. These trends were especially strong in estates with sugar and distilleries. However, even during the period of maximum capitalist development of the agricultural sector, the predominant form of land use of Latifundists remained a combination of running their own farm and rental distributions.Conclusion. The transition from a serfdom to a productive economy was associated with the modernization of the field-growing complex of estates, the use of agricultural innovations. However, the active introduction of grass planting by owners and the mechanization of agriculture have long been combined with unproductive methods of agricultural development.
Bavaria's external relations
Authors: Minkova K. V. , Savostyanov A. A. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. The current state of Bavaria’s foreign relations and their main problems are considered, and ways to solve them are proposed. A special emphasis is placed on the role of Bavaria in solving the federal tasks of Germany in the field of foreign policy, for this purpose the concept of auxillary paradiplomacy by Y.G. Akimov is used. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of work in the scientific field representing a relevant and modern analysis of the state of Bavaria’s foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to update the study of Bavaria’s foreign relations at the present time. The high level of institutional development, the complexity and interconnectedness of the implemented programs at the level of this federal state are emphasized.Materials and Methods. The main materials are the official Ministries websites of Bavaria and representatives of the Land abroad, as well as reports of the EU commissions on interregional cooperation. To solve the tasks set, the institutional method is used in the context of considering the main actors of Bavaria’s foreign policy and their functions, as well as the “case-study” method for analyzing cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Results and Discussion. Using the example of the Strategy for the Development of Relations between Bavaria and the Czech Republic from 2019, the multifactorial nature of Bavaria’s external relations, as well as a well-thought-out institutional design of cooperation, are demonstrated.Conclusion. The Bavarian model can be successfully implemented in other regions (including Russia) seeking greater global cooperation. This model is contrasted with the traditional model of development of external relations of subnational actors, focused mainly on trade; its advantages are emphasized.
Assessment of bulk-fill of resins microhardness longitudinal
Authors: Araújo Fernanda Santos , Takeshita Wilton Mitsunari , Amaral Regiane Cristina do , Mendonça Adriano Augusto Melo de 
Published: May 2024

Aim: This study aimed to assess the polymerization effectiveness of bulk-fill composite resins in longitudinal microhardness. Methods: Blocks of bulk-fill composite resin with thicknesses of 6 mm were analyzed with Vickers microhardness. The resin blocks were divided into two groups (n=6): resin AURA and OPUS. The microhardness test was performed before (base and top) and after (longitudinal microhardness) sectioning the blocks at distances of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the top of the block. The mean microhardness values were tabulated and subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Results: The OPUS bulk-fill resin samples presented microhardness means of 55.9 kgf/mm2, 53.7 kgf/mm2, and 49.3 kgf/mm2, the AURA bulk-fill resin samples presented microhardness means of 57,02 kgf/mm2, 55,86 kgf/mm2 e 51,77 kgf/mm2 for the distances of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. Tukey’s statistical test showed a significant difference in microhardness values at different distances of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm (p<0.001) for each resin. Although there was a statistically significant difference within and between the groups assessed, all samples showed polymerization effectiveness when comparing the top and base of the block. Conclusion: Polymerization was effective in different thicknesses (2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm) in both resins studied. The microhardness ratio was adequate when comparing the base and top.
Електродинамічні характеристики полів двох ортогональних пар синфазно збуджених імпедансних диполів, розташованих паралельно до квадратного екрана
Authors: Єлісєєва Надія Петрівна , Бердник Сергій Леонідович , Горобець Микола Миколайович 
Published: May 2024

У рамках методу рівномірної геометричної теорії дифракції розв'язуються тривимірні векторні задачі дифракції полів двох паралельних імпедансних диполів і двох ортогональних пар таких диполів, розташованих паралельно до ідеально провідного екрана прямокутної форми, на крайках екрана. Використовуються рівномірні асимптотичні вирази для дифрагованих полів, збуджених полем диполя на краю ідеально провідної напівплощини, і наближенні асимтотичні вирази для розподілу струму тонкого горизонтального імпедансного диполя, розташованного над ідеально провідною нескінченною площиною. Розроблено швидкодіючі обчислювальні програми для визначення поверхневих імпедансів пар диполів, розташованих над екраном, за умови створення резонансного або кругополяризованого у напрямку нормалі до екрана випромінювання. Для синтезу кругової поляризації поля у напрямку нормалі до екрана і одночасно осьової симетрії діаграм спрямованості (ДС) запропоновано використовувати дві пари синфазно збуджених імпедансних диполів з ортогональною орієнтац та різними відповідними поверхневими імпедансами. Доведено, що ДС за потужністю поля резонансного і кругополяризованого чотиривібраторних випромінювачів, розташованих на відстані чверті довжини робочої хвилі антени над квадратним екраном зі стороною 1,2 довжини хвилі і відстані між паралельними диполями 0,51 довжини хвилі, мають осьову симетрію в секторі кутів спостереження ±45° до відносних рівнів –12 дБ. Головні пелюстки ДС за ортогональними компонентами поля в головних площинах спостереження збігаються до відносного рівня –20 дБ у секторі кутів ±70° від нормалі до екрана. При цьому у разі кругополяризованого випромінювача значення коефіцієнта еліптичності не менше 0,9. Розраховані ДС верифіковано за комерційною програмою Feko.
Federal Impacts on Buprenorphine Prescribing in Washington State, 2012 to 2022
Authors: Xiong Fan , Jetson Jillian , Park Cheolwoo , Delcher Chris 
Published: May 2024

Objectives. To evaluate changes in monthly buprenorphine dispensation associated with federal prescribing policies in Washington State from 2012 to 2022. Methods. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis comparing monthly buprenorphine prescriptions dispensed per 1000 population after the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA), Substance Use-Disorder Prevention That Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act (SUPPORT), and new prescribing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Buprenorphine formulated for opioid use disorder was included from the Washington State Prescription Monitoring Program. A log-linear autoregressive model measured linear trend changes. Results. Physician prescribing increased by 1.63% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41%, 1.85%) per month after CARA with sustained declines after SUPPORT. Nurse practitioner (NP) prescribing increased by 19.48% (95% CI = 18.8%, 20.16%) per month after CARA with physician assistants (PAs) showing similar trends. Following the implementation of SUPPORT, NP and PA trends continued to increase at a reduced growth rate of 3.96% (95% CI = 2.01%, 5.94%) and 1.87% (95% CI = 0.56%, 3.19%), respectively. No prescribers experienced increases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. CARA nearly tripled the buprenorphine prescribing rate. The SUPPORT Act initiated sustained declines for physician prescribing, and the COVID-19 period reversed gains for PAs and NPs. The current opioid crisis requires expanded efforts in Washington State. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(7):696–704. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307649 )
Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Ischemic Events in Giant Cell Arteritis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Makhzoum Jean-Paul , Baati Youssef , Tanase Octavian , Mendel Arielle , Pagnoux Christian , Ross Carolyn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common systemic vasculitis in adults. Presenting features include new-onset headaches, constitutional symptoms, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica, and visual symptoms. Arterial inflammation with subsequent stenosis and occlusion may cause tissue ischemia, leading to blindness, strokes, and myocardial infarction. Oral antiplatelet therapy has been hypothesized to reduce GCA-related ischemic events. However, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in GCA. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of these events in adults with giant cell arteritis.
Methods: In this systematic review, we will include randomized controlled trials (RTCs), quasi-randomized trials, non-randomized intervention studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies on patients with new-onset or relapsing GCA. The intervention of interest will be pre-existing use or initiation of an oral antiplatelet medication (aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor) at GCA onset or relapse. The comparator of interest will be the absence of antiplatelet therapy. Endpoints will be evaluated after 1 year of follow-up. The primary outcome will be GCA-related ischemic events, including permanent blindness, stroke, myocardial infarction, and ischemic event-related deaths. Adverse events such as major bleeding and death caused by a bleeding event will be assessed.
Discussion: GCA-related ischemic events are catastrophic, sudden, often irreversible, and lead to significant morbidity. Antiplatelet agents are affordable, accessible, and could be effective for prevention of these events. Nevertheless, potential benefits of platelet aggregation inhibition must be weighed against their associated risk of bleeding. Assessing the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapy in GCA is therefore clinically important.
Systematic review registration: Our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number CRD42023441574
Growth and reproduction rates of the American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on different host plants.
Authors: El-Shennawy Rania Mahmoud , Kandil Mervat Abdel-Samea , Matar Ali Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The developmental rates and reproductive potentials of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), were evaluated under laboratory conditions of 26 ± 1°C and 75±5 % RH with a photoperiod of L: D 16:8h on four different host plants: Strawberry, Fragaria ananassa; Pea, Pisum sativum; Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; and Iceberg lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. Capitata. Cotton bollworm larvae successfully survived on all four host plants with low mortality rates especially on Pea. The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 31.13 days on Pea to 36.67 on Iceberg lettuce. The mean total numbers of eggs deposited per female were 711.67 eggs in 8.6 days (82.75 eggs/day), 658.33 eggs in 9.0 days (73.15 eggs/day), 789.67 eggs in 10.0 days (78.97 eggs/day), and 657.67 eggs in 10.3 days (63.85 eggs/day) for Strawberry, Pea, Tomato, and Iceberg lettuce host plants respectively, with no significant differences in the Oviposition or hatching rates. We conclude the suitability of the four tested host plants for laboratory mass rearing of Helicoverpa armigera with the most efficacy to the pea host that has the highest growth indexes.
Neural Mechanisms underlying Bimanual Coordination in Healthy and Stroke Individuals and Application of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wu Jingyi , LI Jiaqi , Kwong Patrick Wai-Hang , Zhang Jack Jiaqi , Sidarta Ananda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-stroke dysfunction in bimanual coordination causes decreased independence in activities of daily living. Past studies and reviews have reported the neural mechanisms underlying bilateral movements with an independent goal (BMIG) in healthy adults; however, those underlying bilateral movements with a common goal (BMCG) remain unclear. The purpose of this study is twofold: to review the neural mechanisms underlying upper-limb BMCG in healthy and stroke individuals, compared with BMIG and rest, and to determine the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on improving BMCG in healthy and stroke individuals.
Methods
We conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Medline vis EBSCO, and Web of Science databases. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted data, and qualitatively synthesized the studies.
Results
Fifteen studies were included. Of these studies, nine focused on brain activation underlying BMCG, and seven focused on the effects of NIBS on BMCG. In healthy individuals, three brain activation patterns underlying different BMCGs were identified. When healthy individuals performed BMCG and BMIG, the main differences observed were increased activation in the right superior temporal cortex and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex. Compared with healthy controls, stroke patients demonstrated increased involvement of the unaffected cortical areas and decreased positive neural coupling between the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area in the affected hemisphere during BMCG. Excitatory stimulation applied over the ipsilateral M1 and the contralateral dorsal premotor cortex may improve the performance of BMCG in stroke patients with mild and severe impairments, respectively.
Conclusion
Stroke patients may be compensatorily recruited with more brain areas to execute the BMCG tasks compared to healthy individuals. The improvement of BMCG in stroke is because of the improvement of general motor impairment rather than a specific effect on BMCG.
Systematic Review Registration
This review was registered on Inplasy.com (INPLASY202350080)
Suppression of host gene expression is associated with latent TB infection: a possible diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Nakiboneka Ritah , Margaritella Nicolo , Nyirenda Tonney , Chaima David , Walbaum Natasha , Musisi Emmanuel , Tionge Sikwese , Msosa Takondwa , Nliwasa Marriott , Msefula Chisomo L. , Sloan Derek , Sabiiti Wilber 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The World Health Organization End TB strategy aims for a 90% reduction of tuberculosis (TB) incidence by 2035. Systematic testing and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) among contacts of active TB (ATB) patients is recommended as one of the ways to curtail TB incidence. However, there is a shortage of tools to accurately diagnose LTBI. We assessed the appropriateness of whole blood host transcriptomic markers (TM) to diagnose LTBI among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed index cases compared to HIV negative healthy controls (HC). QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to determine LTBI and quantify TM expression respectively. Association between TM expression and LTBI was evaluated by logistic regression modelling. A total of 100 participants, 49 TB exposed (TBEx) household contacts and 51 HC, were enrolled. Twenty-five (51%) TBEx individuals tested positive by IGRA, and were denoted as LTBI individuals, and 37 (72.5%) HC were IGRA-negative. Expression of 11 evaluated TM was significantly suppressed among LTBI compared to HC. Out of the 11 TM, ZNF296 and KLF2 expressions were strongly associated with LTBI and successfully differentiated LTBI from HC. Paradoxically, 21 (49%) TBEx participants who tested IGRA negative exhibited the same pattern of suppressed TM expression as IGRA positive (LTBI-confirmed individuals). Results suggest suppression of gene expression underlies LTBI and may be a more sensitive diagnostic biomarker than standard-of-care IGRA.
Impact of Varied Anesthesia Maintenance Strategies on Postoperative Respiratory Complications in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (AmPRAEC study)：study protocol for a multicenter randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: shen fangming , Sun Jie , Zhang Qin , Xue Yuqing , Wang xinghe , Cai Wenlan , Liu Wenbo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Postoperative respiratory adverse
events are the most common perioperative complications in pediatric
anesthesia, particularly prevalent in children undergoing
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, with an incidence rate as high as
50%. The choice of anesthetic induction regimen directly influences
the incidence of respiratory adverse events during the induction
period. However, this effect seems to have minimal impact on
postoperative outcomes. The occurrence rate of postoperative
respiratory adverse events is likely more closely associated with
the anesthetic maintenance phase, yet this relationship remains
uncertain at present.
Methods: The objective of this study was
to assess the impact of different anesthetic maintenance regimens
on postoperative respiratory adverse events in pediatric patients
undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The AmPRAEC study is a
multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. A total of
717 pediatric patients were recruited from 12 medical centers and
randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (Intravenous Maintenance
Group, receiving propofol infusion); Group B
(Intravenous-Inhalational Combination Group, maintained with 1%
sevoflurane combined with propofol); and Group C (Inhalational
Maintenance Group, maintained with 2-3% sevoflurane inhalation).
The primary outcome measure was the incidence rate of postoperative
respiratory adverse events.
Discussion:This clinical trial aims to
elucidate the impact of various anesthetic maintenance regimens on
postoperative respiratory adverse events in pediatric patients. The
outcomes of this study are anticipated to facilitate
anesthesiologists in devising more comprehensive perioperative
management strategies, enhancing the comfort and improving the
clinical outcomes for this patient population.
Trial registration: The study protocol
was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry
(http://www.chictr.org.cn) with registration number:
ChiCTR2300074803 on August 16, 2023.
Tuning Pd-Pd Atomic Distance on Ceria for Efficient Methane Combustion
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yang Weiwei , Song Haohong , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Junyan , Polo-Garzon Felipe , Wang Haodong , III Harry M Meyer , Jiang De-en , Wu Zili 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Efficiently removing/converting methane via methane combustion imposes challenges on catalyst design: how to design local structures of a catalytic site so that it has both high intrinsic activity and atomic efficiency? By manipulating the atomic distance of isolated Pd atoms, herein we show that the intrinsic activity of Pd catalysts can be significantly improved for methane combustion via a stable Pd2 structure on a ceria support. Guided by theory and confirmed by experiment, we find that the turnover frequency (TOF) of the Pd2 structure with the Pd-Pd distance of 2.99 Å is higher than that of the Pd2 structure with the Pd-Pd distance of 2.75 Å; at least 26 times that of ceria supported Pd single atoms, and 4 times that of ceria supported PdO nanoparticles. The high intrinsic activity of the 2.99 Å Pd-Pd structure is attributed to the conductive local redox environment from the two O atoms bridging the two Pd2+ ions, which facilitates both methane adsorption and activation as well as the production of water and carbon dioxide during the methane oxidation process. This work highlights the sensitivity of catalytic behavior on the local structure of active sites and the fine tuning of the metal-metal distance enabled by a support local environment for guiding the design of efficient catalysts for reactions that highly rely on Pt-group metals.