bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Transcondylar Toggle System for Stabilization of the Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle in Small Dogs and Cats
Authors: KUNKEL KEVIN A. R. , BASINGER R. RANDY , SUBER JONATHAN T. , GERARD PATRICK D. 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To evaluate use of a transcondylar toggle system (TCTS) for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient stifle in small dogs and cats.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Small dogs (<7 kg; n=14) and cats (2) with CrCL‐associated lameness of <3 months duration and a tibial plateau angle <32°.Methods—Affected animals had an extracapsular CrCL repair using the TCTS. Lameness score, muscle atrophy, osteoarthritis (OA) score, and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated preoperatively, and at 6 weeks and 7–10 months postoperatively.Results—Operative time was 75 ± 16 minutes. Fifty‐six percent required >1 bone tunnel attempts. One dog required revision at 2 weeks because of suture loosening. All stifles were stable at 6 weeks postoperatively. Fifteen animals were available for follow‐up (7–10 months). Lameness improved significantly at 6 weeks (P<.0001), whereas muscle atrophy was worse at 6 weeks (P=.008) but improved at 7–10 months (P<.0001). OA scores were unchanged at 6 weeks (P=.08) but were significantly worse at 7–10 months (P<.0001). ROM remained unchanged at 6 weeks (P=1) and 7–10 months (P=.6).Conclusions—The medially placed toggle provides a reliable short‐term proximal anchor for the extracapsular suture with outcomes similar to other extracapsular techniques. The aiming device and drill bit are not recommended in their current form.Clinical Relevance—The TCTS appears to be a well‐tolerated technique for proximal suture anchoring in extracapsular CrCL repair in small dogs and cats where instrumentation and anatomic constraints preclude other techniques.
Biomechanical Analysis of Stacked Plating Techniques to Stabilize Distal Radial Fractures in Small Dogs
Authors: ROSE BRIAN W. , PLUHAR G. ELIZABETH , NOVO ROBERTO E. , LUNOS SCOTT 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To evaluate the fatigue life of partially stacked and fully stacked (1.5/2.0 and 2.0/2.7 mm) veterinary cuttable plates (VCP) in a fracture gap model of the distal aspect of the radius.Study Design—In vitro biomechanical study.Methods—Constructs (n=4/group) were assembled for each of 8 groups using 8‐hole plates (1.5/2.0 and 2.0/2.7 mm VCP) in the following configurations: unstacked; 2‐hole stacked centered over the gap (COG); 4‐hole stacked COG; and fully stacked. Plate(s) were secured to 2 separate polyvinylchloride pipe lengths, mounted to a mechanical testing system with a custom jig, and were loaded in axial compression for 106cycles at 10 Hz or until failure at 6–60 N for the 1.5/2.0 mm VCP and 10–100 N for the 2.0/2.7 mm VCP. Differences in number of cycles, stiffness, and failure mode were recorded.Results—All construct failures occurred through a screw hole adjacent to the gap. Fully stacked and 4‐hole stacked 1.5/2.0 and 2.0/2.7 mm VCP withstood 106cycles. Fatigue life and stiffness of the 1.5/2.0 or 2.0/2.7 mm unstacked constructs were significantly less than the other constructs. Differences were identified in stiffness among the 1.5/2.0 mm stacked constructs and in fatigue life among the 2.0/2.7 mm VCP stacked constructs.Conclusion—Four‐hole partially stacked VCP (either 1.5/2.0 or 2.0/2.7 mm) have comparable mechanical properties to fully stacked VCP.Clinical Relevance—Partial stacking of 2 holes of VCP on both sides of the fracture gap may provide sufficient strength for healing, but this premise must be tested in vivo.
Treatment of Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis by Arthrodesis in 12 Horses
Authors: BARBER SPENCER M. , PANIZZI LUCA , LANG HAYLEY M. 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To evaluate arthrodesis as a treatment for carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA).Study Design—Case series.Animals—Horses (n=12) with CMC‐OA.Methods—Arthrodesis was facilitated by insertion and fanning of a drill bit into the CMC joint at several (3–5) locations in 15 limbs. Follow‐up radiographs were obtained for 7 horses (9 limbs). Outcome was determined by telephone survey of owners based on postoperative pain, return to use, appearance of the limb, and success of treatment.Results—Postoperative pain was slight or moderate in 10 of 12 (83%) horses during the first 30 days, and 11 of 12 (92%) horses were markedly improved by 6 months and capable of returning to work. Radiographically 6 CMC joints had a bony ankylosis at follow‐up whereas 3 did not (mean 8.7 months). On long‐term follow‐up (mean 28.6 months) all horses had reduced severity of lameness, 10 of 12 (83%) were considered “sound,” 8 (67%) returned to their original activity, and all owners considered arthrodesis highly successful as a treatment.Conclusion—A drilling technique that produced CMC arthrodesis, allowed most horses to return to their original activity and was considered successful by all clients.Clinical Relevance—Arthrodesis of the CMC joint should be considered a treatment option for CMC‐OA.
Comparison of Three Drilling Techniques for Carpometacarpal Joint Arthrodesis in Horses
Authors: LANG HAYLEY M. , PANIZZI LUCA , ALLEN ANDREW L. , WOODBURY MURRAY R. , BARBER SPENCER M. 
Published: December 2009

Objective:To evaluate 3 drilling techniques for arthrodesis of the equine carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.Study Design:Experimental study.Sample Population:Cadaveric equine forelimbs (n=15).Methods:Limbs were divided into 3 groups (5 limbs each) to evaluate 3 drilling techniques: (1) use of a 4.5 mm drill bit inserted into the joint through 4 entry points and moved in a fanning motion; (2) a 5.5 mm drill bit inserted through 2 entry points to create 3 nonfanned drill tracts (3 drill technique); and (3) a 4.5 mm drill bit used in a 3 drill technique. The CMC joint was disarticulated after drilling, and cartilage and subchondral bone damage evaluated visually and by gross and microradiographic examination using planimetry.Results:Technique 1 produced significantly more damage of the proximal surface, but significantly less to the subchondral bone of the distal surface. Technique 1 produced the most damage to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the total CMC joint than either of the 3 drill tract techniques; however, the difference between techniques 1 and 2 was not significant. Damage from technique 3 was significantly less than that with techniques 1 or 2.Conclusions:Techniques 1 and 2 produced the most cartilage and subchondral bone damage with technique 2 changes more equally distributed between proximal and distal joint surfaces.Clinical Relevance:Technique 1 (fanning) and 2 (5.5 mm 3 drill tracts) may be preferable to achieve arthrodesis of the CMC joint. Morbidity and efficacy of these arthrodesis techniques need to be evaluated in vivo.
Use of Propofol–Xylazine and the Anderson Sling Suspension System for Recovery of Horses from Desflurane Anesthesia
Authors: STEFFEY EUGENE P. , BROSNAN ROBERT J. , GALUPPO LARRY D. , MAMA KHURSHEED R. , IMAI AYAKO , MAXWELL LARA K. , COLE CYNTHIA A. , STANLEY SCOTT D. 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To characterize the behavior of horses recovering in the Anderson Sling Suspension System after 4 hours of desflurane anesthesia and postdesflurane intravenous (IV) administration of propofol and xylazine.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Healthy horses (n=6), mean±SEM age 12.3±1.8 years; mean weight 556±27 kg.Methods—Each horse was anesthetized with xylazine, diazepam, and ketamine IV and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane in O2. At the end of 4 hours of desflurane, each horse was positioned in the sling suspension system and administered propofol–xylazine IV. Recovery events were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Venous blood was obtained before and after anesthesia for biochemical and propofol analyses.Results—Anesthetic induction and maintenance were without incident. Apnea commonly accompanied propofol administration. All horses had consistent recovery behavior characterized by a smooth, careful, atraumatic return to a standing posture.Conclusions—Results of this study support careful, selective clinical use of desflurane, propofol–xylazine, and the Anderson Sling Suspension System to atraumatically transition horses with high anesthetic recovery risk to a wakeful standing posture.Clinical Relevance—Technique choices to facilitate individualized, atraumatic recovery of horses from general anesthesia are desirable. Use of IV propofol and xylazine to transition horses from desflurane anesthesia during sling recovery to standing posture may facilitate improved recovery management of high‐injury risk equine patients requiring general anesthesia.
Using Screen‐Based Simulation to Improve Performance During Pediatric Resuscitation
Authors: Biese Kevin J. , Moro‐Sutherland Donna , Furberg Robert D. , Downing Brian , Glickman Larry , Murphy Alison , Jackson Cheryl L. , Snyder Graham , Hobgood Cherri 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives:  To assess the ability of a screen‐based simulation‐training program to improve emergency medicine and pediatric resident performance in critical pediatric resuscitation knowledge, confidence, and skills.Methods:  A pre–post, interventional design was used. Three measures of performance were created and assessed before and after intervention: a written pre‐course knowledge examination, a self–efficacy confidence score, and a skills‐based high‐fidelity simulation code scenario. For the high‐fidelity skills assessment, independent physician raters recorded and reviewed subject performance. The intervention consisted of eight screen‐based pediatric resuscitation scenarios that subjects had 4 weeks to complete. Upon completion of the scenarios, all three measures were repeated. For the confidence assessment, summary pre‐ and post‐test summary confidence scores were compared using a t‐test, and for the skills assessment, pre‐scores were compared with post‐test measures for each individual using McNemar’s chi‐square test for paired samples.Results:  Twenty‐six of 35 (71.3%) enrolled subjects completed the institutional review board–approved study. Increases were observed in written test scores, confidence, and some critical interventions in high‐fidelity simulation. The mean improvement in cumulative confidence scores for all residents was 10.1 (SD ±4.9; range 0–19; p < 0.001), with no resident feeling less confident after the intervention. Although overall performance in simulated codes did not change significantly, with average scores of 6.65 (±1.76) to 7.04 (±1.37) out of 9 possible points (p = 0.58), improvement was seen in the administering of appropriate amounts of IV fluids (59–89%, p = 0.03).Conclusions:  In this study, improvements in resident knowledge, confidence, and performance of certain skills in simulated pediatric cardiac arrest scenarios suggest that screen‐based simulations may be an effective way to enhance resuscitation skills of pediatric providers. These results should be confirmed using a randomized design with an appropriate control group.
Emergency Medicine Residency Applicant Views on the Interview Day Process
Authors: DeIorio Nicole M. , Yarris Lalena M. , Gaines Sarah A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Emergency medicine (EM) residency programs spend significant time and money offering an interview day experience for their applicants. The day may include a range of activities, although which are most important from the applicants’ point of view are not known.Methods:  An anonymous web‐based survey was sent to all applicants to an EM residency program from the 2006/07 cycle. The study assessed factors about the interview day that were most helpful to applicants in assessing goodness of fit and preparing their rank list of programs.Results:  When considering whether a program was a good fit for them, the respondents chose (from most to least important) how happy the residents seem, faculty–resident relationships, how well the residents work together, resident and faculty values match my own, the residents spend time together outside of the residency, and the residents share my outside interests.Applicants most value assessing program “personality,” informal off‐campus gatherings with residents, and interviewing with the program director as ways to decide where a program will reside on their rank list. Touring off‐campus emergency departments and off‐service facilities received the lowest rating averages.Conclusions:  Residency programs have the opportunity to control two of the three most important ways in which applicants use the interview day to assess programs by offering off‐campus gatherings with residents and ensuring that every candidate interviews with the program director. Residency programs may use this knowledge to optimize interview day resources.
Overexpression of connexin26 in the basal keratinocytes reduces sensitivity to tumor promoter TPA
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ramirez Angel , Budunova Irina 
Published: December 2009

Please cite this paper as: Overexpression of connexin26 in the basal keratinocytes reduces sensitivity to tumor promoter TPA. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 633–640.Abstract:  Connexin 26 is important in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and skin pathologies. Cx26 is barely expressed in normal adult epidermis, but its expression is induced during wound healing, psoriasis, and skin hyperplasia stimulated by tumor promoters. In hyperplastic proliferating epidermis, Cx26 is co‐expressed with Cx43 typical for basal and suprabasal keratinocytes. As Cx26 and Cx43 can not form permeable gap junctions, their co‐expression may alter the gap junctional communication between keratinocytes and induce proliferation. To test the effect of persistent co‐expression of Cx26 and Cx43 in epidermis, we generated transgenic mice using keratin5 promoter to target Cx26 to basal Cx43‐positive keratinocytes. We evaluated the effect of ectopic Cx26 on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in normal and 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐treated skin. The ectopic Cx26 expression in epidermis did not significantly affect skin development, keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation in newborn and adult skin. Unexpectedly, the proliferative effect of tumor promoter TPA was strongly decreased in epidermis of K5.Cx26 transgenics. This correlated with significant down‐regulation of TPA‐induced activity of protein kinase C (PKC) in K5.Cx26 mice.
Functions and cellular localization of cysteine desulfurase and selenocysteine lyase in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Poliak Pavel , Van Hoewyk Douglas , Oborník Miroslav , Zíková Alena , Stuart Kenneth D. , Tachezy Jan , Pilon Marinus , Lukeš Julius 
Published: December 2009

Nfs‐like proteins have cysteine desulfurase (CysD) activity, which removes sulfur (S) from cysteine, and provides S for iron–sulfur cluster assembly and the thiolation of tRNAs. These proteins also have selenocysteine lyase activity in vitro, and cleave selenocysteine into alanine and elemental selenium (Se). It was shown previously that the Nfs‐like protein called Nfs from the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei is a genuine CysD. A second Nfs‐like protein is encoded in the nuclear genome of T. brucei. We called this protein selenocysteine lyase (SCL) because phylogenetic analysis reveals that it is monophyletic with known eukaryotic selenocysteine lyases. The Nfs protein is located in the mitochondrion, whereas the SCL protein seems to be present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, downregulation of either Nfs or SCL protein leads to a dramatic decrease in both CysD and selenocysteine lyase activities concurrently in the mitochondrion and the cytosolic fractions. Because loss of Nfs causes a growth phenotype but loss of SCL does not, we propose that Nfs can fully complement SCL, whereas SCL can only partially replace Nfs under our growth conditions.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7298305: NFS (uniprotkb:Q386Y7) and PHB1 (uniprotkb:Q57UX1) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradients (MI:0029)
MINT‐7298357: SCL (uniprotkb:Q38DC4) and Enolase (uniprotkb:Q38BV6) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradients (MI:0029)
Fruit Traits in Baboon Diet: A Comparison with Plant Species Characteristics in West Africa
Authors: Kunz Britta K. , Linsenmair Karl Eduard 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPrimate fruit choice among plant species has been attributed to different morphological plant and fruit characteristics. Despite a high abundance of animal‐dispersed plant species in the savanna–forest mosaic of West Africa, few data are available on the interplay between morphological fruit traits and primate fruit consumers in this ecosystem. We tested whether olive baboons (Papio anubis) at Comoé National Park, north‐eastern Ivory Coast, prefer fruit species with particular characteristics relative to the availability of these traits among the woody plant species at the study site. Specifically we were interested in the suites of traits that best predict fruit choice and seed handling by baboons. The baboons ate fruit/seeds from 74 identified plant species, representing 25 percent of the regional pool of woody plant species. They preferred trees to shrubs and lianas as fruit sources. Otherwise, baboons seemed to consume whatever fruit type, color, and size of fruit and seeds available, though they especially included larger fruit into their diet. Against expectations from the African bird–monkey fruit syndrome of brightly colored drupes and berries, baboons ate mostly species having large, dull‐colored fruit. Fruit type and color best described whether baboons included a species into their diet, whereas fruit type and seed size best predicted whether baboons predated upon the seeds of their food plant species. As most plant species at the study site had medium‐sized to large fruits and seeds, large frugivores like baboons might be particularly important for plant fitness and plant community dynamics in West African savanna–forest ecosystems.
Microhabitat Selection of three Forest Understory Birds in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: Hansbauer Miriam M. , Végvári Zsolt , Storch Ilse , Borntraeger Robert , Hettich Ulf , Pimentel Rafael G. , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTWhen assessing fragmentation effects on species, not only habitat preferences on the landscape scale, but also microhabitat selection is an important factor to consider, as microhabitat is also affected by habitat disturbance, but nevertheless essential for species for foraging, nesting and sheltering. In the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil we examined microhabitat selection of sixPyriglena leucoptera(white‐shouldered fire‐eye), 10Sclerurus scansor(rufous‐breasted leaftosser), and 30Chiroxiphia caudata(blue manakin). We radio‐tracked the individuals between May 2004 and February 2005 to gain home ranges based on individual fixed kernels. Vegetation structures in core plots and fringe plots were compared. InC. caudata, we additionally assessed the influence of behavioural traits on microhabitat selection. Further, we compared microhabitat structures in the fragmented forest with those in the contiguous, and contrasted the results with the birds' preferences.Pyriglena leucopterapreferred liana tangles that were more common in the fragmented forest, whereasS. scansorpreferred woody debris, open forest floor (up to 0.5 m), and a thin closed leaf litter cover which all occurred significantly more often in the contiguous forest. Significant differences were detected inC. caudatafor vegetation densities in the different strata; the distance of core plots to the nearest lek site was significantly influenced by sex and age. However, core sites ofC. caudatain fragmented and contiguous forests showed no significant differences in structure. Exploring microhabitat selection and behavior may greatly support the understanding of habitat selection of species and their susceptibility to fragmentation on the landscape scale.
CHEMICAL CLEANING OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE FOULED BY APPLE JUICE
Authors: MADAENI S.S. , SASANIHOMA A. , ZERESHKI S. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe effects of several chemical agents on cleaning of RO BW30 membrane fouled by apple juice were investigated. Resistance removal (RR) and flux recovery (FR) were calculated for all the seven chemical cleaning agents (HCl, HNO3, NH3, NaOH, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA], cetyl three methyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate[SDS]) which were used at 1% (w/v) concentration. For high cleaning efficiency agents, the effect of chemical factors (pH and concentration) and physical factors (velocity, temperature and time) were studied. SDS showed the highest (about 90%) cleaning efficiency. EDTA and NH3 were also quite effective in reacting with organic foulants. The treatment of fouled membrane by distilled water as cleaning agent showed high cleaning efficiency. Investigations of the chemical and physical factors on membrane cleaning indicate that the cleaning efficiency is dependent on these parameters. Increasing the pH of 1.5% SDS solution up to 11.8 showed the highest cleaning efficiency, i.e., approximately 100%.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSReverse osmosis (RO) is a very useful technology in fruit juice concentration due to maintaining the taste and fresh juice flavors. In contrast, the conventional processes applied for this concentration, e.g., evaporation, have the disadvantage of adding a cooking taste to the product and lowering itsquality, in addition to the high energy consumption. However, fouling by carbohydrate components is the most important problem associated with the RO application. Finding high efficiency cleaning agents for regeneration of membranes is one of the industrial interests, which is proceeded in this work.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND NON‐ENZYMATIC BROWNING COMPOUNDS OF THAI HONEY: A KINETIC STUDY
Authors: BOONCHIANGMA SUTHASINEE , CHANTHAI SAKSIT , SRIJARANAI SOMKIAT , SRIJARANAI SUPALAX 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTChemical composition (reducing sugar and amino acid contents and hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF] level) and physicochemical properties (water, color and pH) were determined in floral Thai honeys (seven samples): longan (Euphoria longana L.), Siam weed (Eupotorium odortum L.) and multifloral varieties. The kinetics of the Maillard reaction occurring in honey was also investigated by monitoring the quantity of reactants (sugars and amino acids) and product (HMF) at high temperature (25−85C) in short time periods (0−14 days) under different storage conditions (light and dark). The results revealed that temperature and storage time strongly affected the Maillard reaction, more than light conditions. The first order rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) for amino acid degradation were deduced from the data, supporting a first order reaction with activation energy of 78.3−79.1 kJ/mol and frequency factor of 4.83 × 1010−5.90 × 1010 day−1. HMF formation exhibited zero order kinetics with activation energy of 135.4−139.6 kJ/mol and frequency factor of 3.47 × 1022−17.17 × 1022 g%day−1.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHoney is one of the export products of Thailand. The European Union uses hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content as a chemical marker for quality control, so controlling the amount of HMF is important. This research studied the effects of temperature and light on HMF content of several floral Thai honeys. The kinetic data are interpreted in terms of reaction orders, rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A). Moreover, the methods for chemical composition determination in honey are described andthe data on the quality of Thai honey are compared with literature reports on other varieties.