bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing management of immune tolerance induction in patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors: towards evidence‐based approaches
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Di Minno Matteo N. D. , Santagostino Elena 
Published: June 2010

SummaryImmune tolerance induction (ITI) is the only strategy proven to eradicate persistent inhibitors in severe haemophilia A patients. Thirty years experience has shown high success rates (60–80%) with heterogeneous dose regimens and has led to the identification of clinical features that define the patients’ prognostic profile. Children with recently diagnosed inhibitors are the best candidates for ITI and adequate management may further contribute to improve the short‐ and long‐term ITI outcome. In these patients inhibitor eradication represents a cost‐effective option because it enables the restoration of FVIII prophylaxis and consequently prevents arthropathy development. Adults with long‐standing inhibitors often show bad predictors of ITI outcome, however, ITI may be considered as a suitable and cost‐effective approach in cases with frequent bleeds that are not satisfactorily controlled by by‐passing treatment and/or when orthopaedic surgery is needed. Optimal ITI regimens should be established in these different settings and randomized trials are addressing these issues. This article reviews the available literature evidence and clinical implications with current recommendations on ITI management, and highlights the issues still unsolved.
Anti‐Asthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention‐induced long‐lasting tolerance to allergen exposure in an asthma model is interferon‐γ, but not transforming growth factor‐β dependent
Authors: Srivastava K. , Zhang T. , Yang N. , Sampson H. , Li X. M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
Chronic allergic asthma is the result of a T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐biased immune status. Current asthma therapies control symptoms in some patients, but a long‐lasting therapy has not been established. Anti‐Asthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI™), a Chinese herbal formula improved symptoms and lung function, and reduced Th2 responses in a controlled trial of patients with persistent moderate to severe asthma.Objective
We evaluated the persistence of ASHMI™ beneficial effects following therapy in a murine model of chronic asthma and the immunological mechanisms underlying such effects.Methods
BALB/c mice sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) received 3 weekly intratracheal OVA challenges to induce airway hyper‐reactivity (AHR) and inflammation (OVA mice). Additionally, OVA mice were treated with ASHMI™ (OVA/ASHMI™) or water (OVA/sham) for 4 weeks, and then challenged immediately and 8 weeks post‐therapy. In other experiments, OVA mice received ASHMI™ treatment with concomitant neutralization of IFN‐γ or TGF‐β. Effects on airway responses, cytokine‐ and OVA‐specific IgE levels were determined 8 weeks post‐therapy.Results
Before treatment, OVA mice exhibited AHR and pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation following OVA challenge, which was almost completely resolved immediately after completing treatment with ASHMI™ and did not re‐occur following OVA re‐challenge up to 8 weeks post‐therapy. Decreased allergen‐specific IgE and Th2 cytokine levels, and increased IFN‐γ levels also persisted at least 8 weeks post‐therapy. ASHMI™ effects were eliminated by the neutralization of IFN‐γ, but not TGF‐β, during therapy.Conclusion
ASHMI™ induced long‐lasting post‐therapy tolerance to antigen‐induced inflammation and AHR. IFN‐γ is a critical factor in ASHMI™ effects. Cite this as: K. Srivastava, T. Zhang, N. Yang, H. Sampson and X. M. Li, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1678–1688.
Biomarkers in bladder cancer
Authors: Proctor Ian , Stoeber Kai , Williams Gareth H 
Published: June 2010

Proctor I, Stoeber K & Williams G H (2010) Histopathology 57, 1–13 Biomarkers in bladder cancerCancer biomarkers provide an opportunity to diagnose tumours earlier and with greater accuracy. They can also identify those patients most at risk of disease recurrence and predict which tumours will respond to different therapeutic approaches. Such biomarkers will be especially useful in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer. At present, bladder tumours are diagnosed and followed‐up using a combination of cystoscopic examination, cytology and histology. These are not only expensive, but also highly subjective investigations and reveal little about the underlying molecular characteristics of the tumour. In recent years numerous diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer have been identified. Two separate approaches to biomarker discovery have been employed. The first is hypothesis‐driven and focuses upon proteins involved in molecular pathways known to be implicated in tumorigenesis. An alternative approach has been to study the global expression of genes (so‐called ‘genomics’) looking for characteristic signatures associated with disease outcomes. In this review we summarize the current state of biomarker development in this field, and examine why so few have made the successful transition into the clinic. Finally, we introduce a novel approach to biomarker development utilizing components of the DNA replication licensing machinery.
A laboratory evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of selected root canal sealers
Authors: Mokeem‐Saleh A. , Hammad M. , Silikas N. , Qualtrough A. , Watts D. C. 
Published: June 2010

Mokeem‐Saleh A, Hammad M, Silikas N, Qualtrough A, Watts DC. A laboratory evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of selected root canal sealers. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 882–888, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate and compare the porosity, degree of conversion (DC) and hardness of two resin‐based sealers; RealSeal and EndoRez, and a silicon‐based sealer; GuttaFlow to that of a traditional zinc oxide‐based sealer; TubliSeal.Methodology  For porosity, four samples from each sealer were prepared and scanned using a SkyScan 1072 Micro‐CT. Porosity was then calculated using specialized software. For DC, 10 samples from each sealer were prepared and placed onto a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer. Spectra readings were carried out before and after curing of the sealers, and the DC for each sealer was calculated. For hardness, 10 samples from each sealer were prepared and then tested using a Wallace hardness tester. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the data using one‐way anova and independent t‐tests.Results  TubliSeal had the highest percentage porosity (3.52%), whilst RealSeal had the lowest percentage porosity (0.41%). Statistically significant differences (P = 0.01) in porosity were present between all groups except between RealSeal and EndoRez groups. RealSeal exhibited a significantly higher DC% than EndoRez (P = 0.01), whereas EndoRez had the highest hardness number [28.54 Vickers hardness number (VHN)] whilst TubliSeal showed the lowest (13.57 VHN). Statistically significant differences in hardness were found between all groups (P = 0.01) except between RealSeal and EndoRez groups.Conclusions  Resin‐based sealers had less porosity, greater hardness and a high DC.
Volatile composition and nutritional quality of the edible mushroom Polyporus tenuiculus grown on different agro‐industrial waste
Authors: Omarini Alejandra , Henning Cynthia , Ringuelet Jorge , Zygadlo Julio A. , Albertó Edgardo 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe volatile composition and the nutritional value of Polyporus tenuiculus grown on supplemented and nonsupplemented wheat straw and willow sawdust were determined. Thirty‐nine volatile compounds were detected, including acids, esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones. The main volatile compound in all samples was 1‐octen‐3‐ol, with increasing levels in mushrooms cropped on supplemented substrate. In addition, several precursors of this alcohol were identified in lower percentages. Mushrooms grown on supplemented substrates showed lower fat (5.2–5.7%) and carbohydrate contents (48.2%) and higher protein content (22–22.5%). Fibre and ash contents showed some variations between types of substrates. Compared to other edible fungi, P. tenuiculus high fibre and protein contents point to this species as a healthy nutritional alternative of interest for the food industry. Moreover, the wide spectrum of volatile compounds of P. tenuiculus reveals great potential for biotechnological applications such as the production of “non artificial” mushroom flavour.
Angiogenesis and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Siervo M. , Ruggiero D. , Sorice R. , Nutile T. , Aversano M. , Stephan B. C. M. , Ciullo M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract.  Siervo M, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Nutile T, Aversano M, Stephan BCM, Ciullo M. (Address: Human Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University “Federico II”, Faculty of Medicine, Napoli; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati‐Traverso”, CNR, Napoli, Italy; and Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK). Angiogenesis and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in adults with metabolic syndrome. J Intern Med 2010; 268: 338–347.Objectives.  Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and fatal cardiovascular events. Angiogenesis is thought to contribute to this risk as it might be involved in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated the levels of circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis and cardiovascular risk in adults with MetSyn and assessed their association with established metabolic risk factors.Design.  The Genetic Park project is a highly inclusive cross‐sectional survey (about 80% of residents) conducted in three isolated populations in Southern Italy. A total of 1000 men and women (age range: 18–98 years) were included in the analysis. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded. Metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers included glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP).Result.  Subjects with MetSyn had higher levels of PlGF and NT‐proBNP after adjustment for age, smoking and body mass index. Circulating levels of PlGF, hs‐TnT and NT‐proBNP were directly related to the number of criteria of MetSyn, and this association interacted with gender. There was a strong correlation between ageing and cardiovascular risk.Conclusions.  The increase in circulating levels of biomarkers of angiogenesis and cardiac function in subjects with MetSyn mirrors the pathophysiological changes occurring in the cardiovascular system. Over time, these changes might accelerate the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques and contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk.
Understanding surgery choices for breast cancer: how might the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Common Sense Model contribute to decision support interventions?
Authors: Sivell Stephanie , Edwards Adrian , Elwyn Glyn , Manstead Antony S. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective  To describe the evidence about factors influencing breast cancer patients’ surgery choices and the implications for designing decision support in reference to an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations (CSM).Background  A wide range of factors are known to influence the surgery choices of women diagnosed with early breast cancer facing the choice of mastectomy or breast conservation surgery with radiotherapy. However, research does not always reflect the complexities of decision making and is often atheoretical. A theoretical approach, as provided by the CSM and the TPB, could help to identify and tailor support by focusing on patients’ representations of their breast cancer and predicting surgery choices.Design  Literature search and narrative synthesis of data.Synthesis  Twenty‐six studies reported women’s surgery choices to be influenced by perceived clinical outcomes of surgery, appearance and body image, treatment concerns, involvement in decision making and preferences of clinicians. These factors can be mapped onto the key constructs of both the TPB and CSM and used to inform the design and development of decision support interventions to ensure accurate information is provided in areas most important to patients.Conclusions  The TPB and CSM have the potential to inform the design of decision support for breast cancer patients, with accurate and clear information that avoids leading patients to make decisions they may come to regret. Further research is needed examining how the components of the extended TPB and CSM account for patients’ surgery choices.
Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API)
Authors: Simon Daniela , Kriston Levente , Loh Andreas , Spies Claudia , Scheibler Fueloep , Wills Celia , Härter Martin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective  Validation of the German version of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API), a measure of patients’ preferences for decision making and information seeking.Methods  Stepwise confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of patients (n = 1592) treated in primary care for depression (n = 186), surgical and internal medicine inpatients (n = 811) and patients with minor trauma treated in an emergency department (n = 595). An initial test of the model was done on calculation and validation halves of the sample. Both local and global indexes‐of‐fit suggested modifications to the scale. The scale was modified and re‐tested in the calculation sample and confirmed in the validation sample. Subgroup analyses for age, gender and type of treatment setting were also performed.Results  The confirmatory analysis led to a modified version of the API with better local and global indexes‐of‐fit for samples of German‐speaking patients. Two items of the sub‐scale, ‘preference for decision‐making’, and one item of the sub‐scale, ‘preference for information seeking’, showed very low reliability scores and were deleted. Thus, several global indexes‐of‐fit clearly improved significantly. The modified scale was confirmed on the validation sample with acceptable to good indices of fit. Results of subgroup analyses indicated that no adaptations were necessary.Discussion and conclusions  This first confirmatory analysis for a German‐speaking population showed that the API was improved by the removal of several items. There were theoretically plausible explanations for this improvement suggesting that the modifications might also be appropriate in English and other language versions.
The PRIME project: developing a patient evidence‐base
Authors: Staniszewska Sophie , Crowe Sally , Badenoch Douglas , Edwards Carol , Savage Jan , Norman Will 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  The concept of evidence has become firmly rooted in health care, with most importance placed on the outcome of research in clinical and economic spheres. Much less emphasis is placed on the patient’s contribution to evidence which remains relatively vague, of low status and often difficult to integrate with other forms of knowledge.Aim  This article proposes a concept of patient‐based evidence, to complement clinical and economic forms of evidence, and demonstrates one way in which it has been operationalized. The PRIME project developed a patient evidence‐base to capture the lived experience of individuals with myalgic encephalitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).Design  Interviews were performed with 40 individuals with ME/CFS who varied in a range of demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and how severely affected individuals were.Results  PRIME has developed a patient evidence‐base which has an extensive array of experiences data to provide researchers, clinicians and others with an in‐depth insight into the lived experience of ME/CFS that can be used and analysed. Data are grouped into a wide range of themes, which can be downloaded and used in a variety of ways as a source of evidence to enable understanding of the lived experience of ME/CFS and so contribute to the development of a more patient‐focused research agenda in ME/CFS.Conclusions  While patient‐based evidence used in the PRIME Project provides a useful start, further work is required to develop this area conceptually and methodologically, particularly in relation to how patient‐based evidence can be considered alongside clinical and economic evidence.
Are elected health boards an effective mechanism for public participation in health service governance?
Authors: Gauld Robin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  There is growing interest in the idea of elected members on health service governing boards as a means to induce public participation in planning and decision making, yet studies of elected boards are limited. Whether elected boards are an effective mechanism for public participation remains unclear.Setting and participants  This article discusses the experiences of New Zealand where, since 2001, there have been three sets of elections for District Health Boards. Information on candidates and election results is presented along with data gathered via post‐election voter surveys. The article also considers the broader regulatory context within which the elected boards must operate.Discussion and conclusions  The New Zealand experience illustrates that elected health boards may not be an effective mechanism for public participation. Voter turnout has declined since the inaugural elections of 2001, and non‐voters form the majority. Reasons for not voting include failure to receive voting papers, a lack of interest, or no knowledge of elections. The elections have also failed to produce minority representation, while the capacity for elected members to represent their communities is subject to constraints. On the upside, elections have enabled public involvement in various dimensions of participation, including oversight and processes of governance. New Zealand’s mixed performance suggests that elected boards may need to be complemented with other participatory channels, if increased public participation is the goal.
‘Never heard of it’– Understanding the public’s lack of awareness of a new electronic patient record
Authors: Bratan Tanja , Stramer Katja , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  The introduction of electronic patient records that are accessible by multiple providers raises security issues and requires informed consent – or at the very least, an opportunity to opt out. Introduction of the Summary Care Record (SCR) (a centrally stored electronic summary of a patient’s medical record) in pilot sites in the UK was associated with low awareness, despite an intensive public information programme that included letters, posters, leaflets, and road shows.Aim  To understand why the public information programme had limited impact and to learn lessons for future programmes.Methods  Linguistic and communications analysis of components of the programme, contextualized within a wider mixed‐method case study of the introduction of the SCR in pilot sites. Theoretical insights from linguistics and communication studies were applied.Results  The context of the SCR pilots and the linked information programme created inherent challenges which were partially but not fully overcome by the efforts of campaigners. Much effort was put into designing the content of a mail merge letter, but less attention was given to its novelty, linguistic style, and rhetorical appeal. Many recipients viewed this letter as junk mail or propaganda and discarded it unread. Other components of the information programme were characterized by low visibility, partly because only restricted areas were participating in the pilot. Relatively little use was made of interpersonal communication channels.Conclusion  Despite ethical and legal imperatives, informed consent for the introduction of shared electronic records may be difficult to achieve through public information campaigns. Success may be more likely if established principles of effective mass and interpersonal communication are applied.
Young infants with atopic dermatitis can display sensitization to Cor a 9, an 11S legumin‐like seed‐storage protein from hazelnut (Corylus avellana)
Authors: Verweij Marjoke M. , Hagendorens Margo M. , De Knop Kathleen J. , Bridts Chris H. , De Clerck Luc S. , Stevens Wim J. , Ebo Didier G. 
Published: June 2010

To cite this article: Verweij MM, Hagendorens MM, De Knop KJ, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ, Ebo DG. Young infants with atopic dermatitis can display sensitization to Cor a 9, an 11S legumin‐like seed‐storage protein from hazelnut (Corylus avellana). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 196–201.AbstractAllergy to hazelnut (Corylus avellana) can be severe and occur at young age. Atopic dermatitis (AD) can involve sensitization to various foods. The objective is to investigate the pattern of hazelnut sensitization in infants with AD. Sera of 34 infants all under 1 year of age and suffering from AD were selected according to prior specific IgE results. Twenty‐nine infants were sensitized to traditional food allergens, five were not. From the 29 infants with a sensitization to at least one food allergen, 20 demonstrated IgE reactivity to hazelnut. All sera were analyzed with the allergen microarray immunoassay (ImmunoCAP ISAC). Twelve (60%) of the children with IgE reactivity to hazelnut demonstrated sensitization to Cor a 9, the 11S legumin‐like seed‐storage protein from hazelnut. In these infants, no sensitization to Cor a 1, the homologue of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 (Betula verrucosa), or the lipid transfer protein (Cor a 8) from hazelnut was demonstrable. Half of the children sensitized to Cor a 9 demonstrated IgE reactivity to its homologue in peanut (Arachis hypogaea; Ara h 3) from which five were also sensitized to Gly m 6 from soy (Glycine max). None of the infants with AD without IgE reactivity to hazelnut demonstrated sensitization to Cor a 1, 8, or 9. In conclusion, young infants with atopic dermatitis sensitized to hazelnut can already display IgE reactivity to Cor a 9, a potentially dangerous hazelnut component. The mechanism(s) of this early sensitization and its clinical significance remain elusive.
Categorizing immunofluorescence mapping in epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia: Use as a broad prognostic indicator
Authors: Frew John W , Dopping‐Hepenstal Patricia J , McGrath John A 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTEpidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia is a form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities, which may include pyloric atresia. Genotype phenotype correlation is poorly understood and prognosis is difficult, if not impossible, to predict. Immunofluorescence mapping is an ideal candidate for developing a broad prognostic indicator for epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia without the need for genetic mutation analysis. However, the tool developed in this paper does have limitations due to the small number of cases available and the effects of deleterious mutations in highly conserved cysteine residues on the predicted length of survival.