bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjoint retrieval of prognostic land surface model variables for an NWP model: Assimilation of ground surface temperature
Authors: Ren Diandong 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Based on a 2-layer land surface model, a rather general variational data assimilation framework for estimating model state variables is developed. The method minimizes the error of surface soil temperature predictions subject to constraints imposed by the prediction model. Retrieval experiments for soil prognostic variables are performed and the results verified against model simulated data as well as real observations for the Oklahoma Atmospheric Surface layer Instrumentation System (OASIS). The optimization scheme is robust with respect to a wide range of initial guess errors in surface soil temperature (as large as 30 K) and deep soil moisture (within the range between wilting point and saturation). When assimilating OASIS data, the scheme can reduce the initial guess error by more than 90%, while for Observing Simulation System Experiments (OSSEs), the initial guess error is usually reduced by over four orders of magnitude.
Using synthetic data, the robustness of the retrieval scheme as related to information content of the data and the physical meaning of the adjoint variables and their use in sensitivity studies are investigated. Through sensitivity analysis, it is confirmed that the vegetation coverage and growth condition determine whether or not the optimally estimated initial soil moisture condition leads to an optimal estimation of the surface fluxes. This reconciles two recent studies.
With the real data experiments, it is shown that observations during the daytime period are the most effective for the retrieval. Longer assimilation windows result in more accurate initial condition retrieval, underlining the importance of information quantity, especially for schemes assimilating noisy observations.
Clinical use of supinator motor branch transfer to the posterior interosseous nerve in C7–T1 brachial plexus palsies
Authors: Dong Zhen , Gu Yu-Dong , Zhang Cheng-Gang , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2010

Object
In C7–T1 brachial plexus palsies, finger extension and flexion are absent. At the authors' institution, finger flexion has been successfully reconstructed by transferring the brachialis motor branch to the anterior interosseous nerve. However, there is no reliable method for restoring finger extension. In the present study, the authors examined the surgical results of transferring the supinator motor branch to the posterior interosseous nerve.

Methods
Since October 2007, the authors have performed a supinator motor branch transfer to the posterior interosseous nerve in 4 patients. The patients underwent follow-up every 3–4 months postoperatively.

Results
Finger extension appeared between 5 and 9 months in the first 3 cases and demonstrated promising improvement over time. One recent case remains under follow-up.

Conclusions
A supinator motor branch to posterior interosseous nerve transfer leads to reliable recovery of thumb and finger extension. Therefore, it is a viable option for C7–T1 brachial plexus palsies.
Resident perceptions of radiosurgical training and the effect of a focused resident training seminar
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: February 2010

Object
Neurosurgical training is critical in providing residents with the skill set, knowledge, and confidence to perform challenging neurosurgical procedures. Radiosurgery, which neurosurgeons helped define and refine, differs from more traditional, open neurosurgical approaches. This study evaluates the opinions of residents on current radiosurgical training and the effect of a focused educational course on those residents.

Methods
The American Association of Neurological Surgeons sponsored a 3-day course focused on intracranial and spinal radiosurgery. Senior-level residents were nominated by US program directors to participate in the course. Twenty-eight residents from distinct training programs were surveyed before and after the course to discern current training practices in radiosurgery and the effect of the focused educational program. The median training level of the participants was postgraduate Year 5 (mean 5.3 years, range 3–7 years).

Results
Two-thirds of residents reported that their training institutions had no formal radiosurgery rotation. Twenty-five percent planned to obtain postresidency fellowship training that would include radiosurgery. Before the course, 79% of the residents expected to include radiosurgery in their practice. However, prior to the course, those describing themselves as “very uncomfortable” with performing intracranial or spinal radiosurgery were 33.3 and 45.8%, respectively. After the course, mean self-assessment scores for understanding the indications and performing intracranial radiosurgery increased by 43 and 89%, respectively. The mean scores for understanding the indications and comfort with performing spinal radiosurgery increased by 79 and 200%, respectively. Following the course, there was a 12.3% increase in the number of residents planning to perform radiosurgery following residency.

Conclusions
Current neurosurgical residents appear uneasy about their grasp of radiosurgical indications and their ability to perform the procedure. Focused training courses sponsored by professional societies may improve resident education and training in this area of neurosurgery, which has a skill set and basis of knowledge different from traditional open neurosurgical procedures. Further evaluation of the radiosurgical training process for residents must be performed so as to ensure competency and sufficient workforce to meet expanding demands for neurosurgeons performing radiosurgery in a multidisciplinary climate.
Organocatalyzed Conjugate Addition of Carbonyl Compounds to Nitrodienes/Nitroenynes and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Belot Sébastien , Quintard Adrien , Krause Norbert , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to point out the synthetic utility of a new class of Michael acceptors (nitrodienes and nitroenynes). The highly enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition of carbonyl compounds to these functionalized nitroolefins has been carried out in the presence of (S)‐diphenylprolinol silyl ether to achieve some interesting building blocks in high selectivities. The adducts thus obtained can be easily converted by taking advantage of the corresponding unsaturated carbon‐carbon bond. In presence of the double bond, metathesis or electrophilic activation could be carried out whereas in the presence of the triple bond electrophilic activation could be conducted. We thus focused on a gold‐catalyzed cyclization of the bis‐homopropargylic alcohol to afford the corresponding substituted tetrahydrofuran. Then, we also demonstrated that organic and gold catalysts were compatible in a one‐pot process. Indeed, we developed a one‐pot enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition to a nitroenyne followed by a gold‐catalyzed acetalization/cyclization to achieve tetrahydrofuranyl ethers in high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities with excellent yields.
A Rigid Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex as an Efficient Photoactive Agent for Bridging Two Guanine Bases of a Duplex or Quadruplex Oligonucleotide
Authors: Rickling Stéphane , Ghisdavu Liana , Pierard Frédéric , Gerbaux Pascal , Surin Mathieu , Murat Pierre , Defrancq Eric , Moucheron Cécile , Kirsch‐De Mesmaeker Andrée 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rigid dinuclear [(tap)2Ru(tpac)Ru(tap)2]4+complex (1) (TAP=1,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrene, TPAC=tetrapyridoacridine) is shown to be much more efficient than the mononuclear bis‐TAP complexes at photodamaging oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing guanine (G). This is particularly striking with the G‐rich telomeric sequence d(T2AG3)4. Complex1, which interacts strongly with the ODNs as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and emission anisotropy experiments, gives rise under illumination to the formation of covalent adducts with the G units of the ODNs. The yield of photocrosslinking of the two strands of duplexes by1is the highest when the G bases of each strand are separated by three to four base pairs. This corresponds with each Ru(tap)2moiety of complex1forming an adduct with the G base. This separation distance of the G units of a duplex could be determined thanks to the rigidity of complex1. On the basis of results of gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and molecular modelling, it is suggested that such photocrosslinking can also occur intramolecularly in the human telomeric quadruplex d(T2AG3)4.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Epoxidation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen and Benzaldehyde under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Tada Norihiro , Okubo Hiroaki , Miura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Akichika 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Oxindoles to Aliphatic α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Bravo Natalia , Mon Ignasi , Companyo Xavier , Alba Andrea‐Nekane , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroaryloxylation of CC Triple Bonds: An Efficient Synthesis of 2H‐1‐Benzopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Xu Xiaobing , Liu Jun , Liang Linfeng , Li Hongfeng , Li Yanzhong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol as a Promoting Medium for Electrophilic Activation of Aldehydes: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Di(indolyl)methanes, Xanthene‐1,8(2H)‐diones and 1‐Oxo‐hexahydroxanthenes.
Authors: He Fei , Li Peng , Gu Yanlong , Li Guangxing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Isotellurazoles with Acetylenic Dienophiles.
Authors: Shimada Kazuaki , Takata Yukichi , Osaki Yu , Moro‐oka Akiko , Kogawa Hisashi , Sakuraba Maiko , Aoyagi Shigenobu , Takikawa Yuji , Ogawa Satoshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Silyl Enolates from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones or Cyclopropyl Ketones with Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Sumida Yuto , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanolobatolide (I), a New C18 Metabolite from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia nanolobata.
Authors: Tseng Yen‐Ju , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Dai Chang‐Feng , Chiang Michael Y. , Sheu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Antimicrobial Dimeric Compounds: Febrifuquinone, a Vismione‐Anthraquinoline Coupled Pigment and Adamabianthrone, from Two Psorospermum Species.
Authors: Tsaffack Maurice , Nguemeving Jean Robert , Kuete Victor , Tchize Basile Le Sage Ndejouong , Mkounga Pierre , Beng Veronique Penlap , Hultin Philip Gregory , Tsamo Etienne , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Chemistry of Gold — From Atoms to Molecules, Clusters, Surfaces and the Solid State
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Peter , Lein Matthias 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoremovable Protecting Groups Based on Photoenolization
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Jagadis , Muthukrishnan Siva , Gudmundsdottir Anna D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonists as Novel anti‐Parkinsonian Agents: A Review of Structure—Activity Relationships
Authors: Azam F. , Ibn‐Rajab I. A. , Alruiad A. A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling the Removal of Reactive Red 120 on Pistachio Husk
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Yavuzatmaca Mehmet , Bozkurt Hüseyin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption of reactive red 120 (RR 120) on pistachio husk, and the modeling of the adsorption was investigated. Characterization of the pistachio husk was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pHzpc of pistachio husk was found to be pH 8.5. Increasing the initial pH value decreased (p < 0.01) the amount of dye adsorbed. However, increasing the initial dye concentration from 50 to 900 mg/L at pH 1 increased (p < 0.01) the equilibrium dye uptake from 20.83 to 182.10 mg/g. Results indicated that this adsorbent had great potential for the removal of RR 120 dye. The logistic model was found to be the most suitable of the kinetic and equilibrium models tested to describe the adsorption of the dye. The parameters determined from the logistic model were well correlated with the initial dye concentration, and were seen to increase with the increasing initial dye concentration, but this was not observed from pseudo‐second order kinetics.
Identification of chromosomal aberrations of metastatic potential in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Shogo , Midorikawa Yutaka , Morikawa Teppei , Nishimura Yoji , Sakamoto Hirohiko , Ishikawa Shumpei , Akagi Kiwamu , Aburatani Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn colorectal cancer (CRC) care, treatment decisions depend on the efforts to estimate the metastatic potential of tumors. The liver is one of the most common metastatic sites of CRC and the prognosis of CRC patients often reflects metastases to distant sites. To identify chromosomal aberrations associated with liver metastasis, we performed allelic copy number analysis for CRC with or without synchronous liver metastasis using genotyping arrays. By allelic copy number analysis of CRC samples, we observed common aberrations in 14 chromosomal arms in two groups, that is, gains on 7p22.3‐p11.2, 8q22.3‐q24.3, 13q12.12‐q34, and 20q11.22‐q13.33 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 4q12‐q35.1, 5q11.2‐q35.3, 8p23.3‐p12, 15q11.2‐q26.3, 17p13.3‐p11.2, 17q11.2‐q25.1, 18p11.32‐p11.21, 18q11.2‐q23, 20p13‐p12.1, and 22q11.1‐q13.32. We found that gains on 20p13‐p12.1 and 20q11.21‐q13.33 and LOH on 6q14.1‐q25.1 were more frequent in CRC with liver metastasis. We also compared chromosomal aberrations in primary CRC lesions with those of the corresponding liver metastasis and found that the allelic genome imbalance status of a metastatic lesion is similar to that of the primary cancer, which suggests that chromosomal aberrations are largely maintained on hematogenous spread. Intriguingly, several chromosomal aberrations in CRC were found in the primary cancer but not in the corresponding liver metastasis, thus suggesting heterogeneity of cancer cells within solid tumors or the presence of events uniquely developed in primary tumors. Consequently, CRC with and without liver metastasis harbor similar chromosomal aberrations, and chromosomal aberration at 6q, 20p, and 20q may be involved in the process of liver metastasis of CRC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free flap survival despite early loss of the vascular pedicle
Authors: Wise LCDR Sean R. , Harsha MAJ Wayne J. , Kim Namou , Hayden Richard E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Early success of microvascular free tissue transfer is dependent upon the patency of the primary vascular pedicle. In time, neovascularization from the recipient bed and surrounding wound margins into the graft may be sufficient to maintain flap viability. The time necessary for successful neovascularization to occur is unclear. Most believe that prior radiation therapy will delay this process.Methods.This case report describes a patient, status postchemoradiotherapy, who underwent composite resection with anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction for a new base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. On postoperative day 9 the vascular pedicle thrombosed secondary to abscess formation.Results.Despite early loss of the arterial and venous pedicle, the flap survived completely.Conclusion.After microvascular free tissue transfer, neovascularization sufficient to maintain flap viability independent of the primary vascular pedicle may occur by postoperative day 9. This early revascularization can also occur despite a history of radiotherapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Studying brain cytoarchitecture with MRI—Present, future and promises of high field
Authors: Ronen Itamar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis review surveys the efforts that have been done so far to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other related methods to investigate the complex microstructural features of brain tissue in a quantitative and semiquantitative manner. Emphasis is put on diffusion and diffusion/relaxation methods, which were borrowed from the field of porous media nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and which are those that allow the most direct link between the measured NMR signal and the microscopic geometry of the investigated medium. Other methods that allow compartment‐specific measurements with MR, such as multiple quantum filtered NMR of quadrupolar nuclei, are also discussed. The potential contribution of high field MRI to these methods and possible future directions are lastly discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 57–61, 2010
Site‐directed mutagenesis of rat thioltransferase: Effects of essential cysteine residues for the protection against oxidative stress
Authors: Terada Tomoyuki , Okamoto Kei‐ichi , Nishikawa Jun‐ichi , Miura Takeshi , Nishinaka Toru , Nishihara Tsutomu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA cDNA of rat liver thioltransferase was cloned and then expressed using pMAL‐c expression vector in Escherichia coli. Recombinant rat liver thioltransferase was expressed as a fusion protein with maltose‐binding protein and then purified by amylose resin column chromatography to be homogeneity on 12.5% SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. The expressed proteins were shown as two bands at around 53 and 41 kDa, suggesting that the high molecular one was a fusion protein of recombinant thioltransferase (11.7 plus 41 kDa) and the other (smaller one) was a maltose‐binding protein (41 kDa). A recombinant thioltransferase catalyzed a thiol/disulfide exchange reaction in the same way as thioltransferases purified from various sources. Compared with wild type, the mutants C23A, C26A, C79A, and C83A showed 0%, 17%, 82%, and 86% in the enzymatic activity, respectively. In addition, wild‐type‐transfected bacteria expressed in bacterial cells showed a strong resistance to H2O2 treatment as well as the case of active mutants (C79A and C83A), but inactive mutants (C23A and C26A) showed no resistance to H2O2 treatment as same as mocktransfection. Thioltransferase can be important for survival of bacterial cells under oxidative stress. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:60–65, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20312
Cilostazol enhances neovascularization in the mouse hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia
Authors: Shin Hwa Kyoung , Lee Hye Rin , Lee Dong Hyung , Hong Ki Whan , Lee Jeong Hyun , Park So Youn , Lee Seung Jin , Lee Jun Sik , Lee Won Suk , Rhim Byung Yong , Kim Chi Dae 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCilostazol is known to be a specific type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which promotes increased intracellular cAMP levels. We assessed the effect of cilostazol on production of angioneurins and chemokines and recruitment of new endothelial cells for vasculogenesis in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia. Pyramidal cell loss was prominently evident 3–28 days postischemia, which was markedly ameliorated by cilostazol treatment. Expression of angioneurins, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, was up‐regulated by cilostazol treatment in the postischemic hippocampus. Cilostazol also increased Sca‐1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 positive cells in the bone marrow and circulating peripheral blood and the number of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α‐positive cells in the molecular layer of the hippocampus, which colocalized with CD31. CXCR4 chemokine receptors were up‐regulated by cilostazol in mouse bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells, suggesting that cilostazol may be important in targeting or homing in of bone marrow‐derived stem cells to areas of injured tissues. CD31‐positive cells were colocalized with almost all bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells in the molecular layer, indicating stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation by cilostazol. These data suggest that cilostazol markedly enhances neovascularization in the hippocampus CA1 area in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia, providing a beneficial interface in which both bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells and angioneurins influence neurogenesis in injured tissue. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.