bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMBRYONIC FACTOR 19 Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein that is Essential for the Initiation of Zygotic Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Dali , Jiang Li , Gong Huaqin , Liu Chun‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEarly embryogenesis is the most fundamental developmental process in biology. Screening of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized populations of Arabidopsis thaliana led to the identification of a zygote‐lethal mutant embryonic factor 19 (fac19) in which embryo development was arrested at the elongated zygote to octant stage. The number of endosperm nuclei decreased significantly in fac19 embryos. Genetic analysis showed fac19 was caused by a single recessive mutation with typical mendelian segregation, suggesting equal maternal and paternal contributions of FAC19 towards zygotic embryogenesis. Positional cloning showed that FAC19 encodes a putative mitochondrial protein with 16 conserved pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. The fac19 mutation caused a conversion from hydrophilic serine located in a previously unknown domain to hydrophobic leucine. Crosses between FAC19/fac19 and the T‐DNA insertion mutants in the same gene failed to complement the fac19 defects, confirming the identity of the gene. This study revealed the critical importance of a PPR protein‐mediated mitochondrial function in early embryogenesis.
Use of radiation protraction to escalate biologically effective dose to the treatment target
Authors: Kuperman V. Y. , Spradlin G. S. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate howsimultaneously increasing fraction time and dose per fraction affect biologically effective dose for the target () while biologically effective dose for the normal tissue () is fixed.Methods: In this investigation, and were studied by assuming mono‐exponential repair of sublethal damage with tissue dependent repair half‐time.Results: Our results demonstrate that under certain conditions simultaneously increasing fraction time and dose per fraction result in increased while is fixed. The dependence of biologically effective dose on fraction time is influenced by the dose rate. In this investigation we analytically determined time‐varying dose rate which minimizes . Changes in with fraction time were compared for constant dose rate and for .Conclusions: A number of recent experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that slow delivery of radiation (known as radiation protraction) leads to reduced therapeutic effect because of increased repair of sublethal damage. In contrast, our analysis shows that under certain conditions simultaneously increasing fraction time and dose per fraction are radiobiologically advantageous.
Bottom-up shape analysis using LISF
Authors: Gulavani Bhargav S. , Chakraborty Supratik , Ramalingam G. , Nori Aditya V. 
Published: November 2011

In this article, we present a new shape analysis algorithm. The key distinguishing aspect of our algorithm is that it is completely compositional, bottom-up and noniterative. We present our algorithm as an inference system for computing Hoare triples summarizing heap manipulating programs. Our inference rules are compositional: Hoare triples for a compound statement are computed from the Hoare triples of its component statements. These inference rules are used as the basis for bottom-up shape analysis of programs.
Specifically, we present a Logic of Iterated Separation Formulae (LISF), which uses the iterated separating conjunct of Reynolds [2002] to represent program states. A key ingredient of our inference rules is a strong bi-abduction operation between two logical formulas. We describe sound strong bi-abduction and satisfiability procedures for LISF.

We have built a tool called S
p
I
n
E that implements these inference rules and have evaluated it on standard shape analysis benchmark programs. Our experiments show that S
p
I
n
E can generate expressive summaries, which are complete functional specifications in many cases.
Effect of the Mi gene on reproduction of Meloidogyne hispanica on tomato genotypes
Authors: Santos Maria Clara Vieira dos , Curtis Rosane H.C. , de O. Abrantes Isabel M. , Maleita Carla M. , Powers Stephen J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe root-knot nematode resistance (Mi) gene was screened in 25 tomato genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum, by amplification of REX-1 and Mi23 markers. Ten heterozygous tomato genotypes (Mimi), nine homozygous (MiMi) at the Mi locus and six lacking the Mi gene for resistance to root-knot nematode were identified using the marker REX-1. The results obtained with Mi23 marker confirmed the Mi gene status of the tomato genotypes, except for genotype Valouro RZ F1 that was homozygous (MiMi) and heterozygous (Mimi) at the Mi locus when using the REX-1 and Mi23 markers, respectively. The pathogenicity of Meloidogyne hispanica on the 25 tomato genotypes was assessed 60 days after inoculation with 5000 eggs on the basis of root gall index (GI) and reproduction factor (Rf). All the tomato genotypes were susceptible (excellent or good hosts), with GI > 4 and Rf > 2, except the genotype Rapit (Mimi), considered as resistant/hypersensitive (poor host). In this genotype, the nematode induced galls (GI = 4) on its roots and a small number of eggs were produced (Pf = 3085 ± 485). Significant differences in reproduction were detected between the Mi allelic conditions and genotypes within Mi allelic conditions. The increasing number of Mi alleles (0, 1 or 2) is associated with decreasing Rf, which suggests a possible dosage effect of the Mi gene. The variability observed in the Rf values for MiMi tomato genotypes may reflect an influence of the genetic background of the plants containing the Mi gene. Ten of the 25 tomato genotypes with Mi gene are commercially available. However, only Rapit can be used to control the three most common Meloidogyne spp. and inhibit the increasing of M. hispanica populations, and may have potential to be included in an integrated pest management programme. However, it is advisable to evaluate the pathogenicity of local populations of this nematode species associated with different environmental factors.
Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Resilience to Floods and Climate Change-Related Risks among Marginal, Riverine Communities in Metro Manila
Authors: Porio Emma 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study examines the vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience of urban poor households living in the riverine communities of the three flood prone areas in Metro Manila, namely, (1) Pasig-Marikina River basin, (2) West Mangahan, and (3) the KAMANAVA area (Kalookan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela). Based on a survey of 300 urban poor households in 14 communities located in these flood basins, the study found that the environmental-ecological vulnerability of the low-lying flood prone areas interacts strongly with the social vulnerability of urban poor households, highlighting the effects of climate related changes (sea level rise, increased typhoons, intensity of monsoon rains, floods and tidal/storm surges) on this vulnerable population.
Most of the households have low-incomes, live in slum/squatter settlements and do not have adequate access to potable water, electricity, health, sewage and sanitation facilities. About two-thirds of them suffered losses (e.g., income, work, health/sickness, household appliances/things, housing damage) from typhoons, floods, and tidal/storm surges but only a small portion of them obtained help from formal institutions (e.g., local government units or LGUs, charitable agencies) and informal support networks (relatives/neighbors/friends). Of these, a third of these households appeared more vulnerable and consistently incurred higher losses (e.g., income and workdays) and intense inconveniences (e.g., water source buried by floods, toilets blocked and overflowed with wastes/large worms to their floors) compared to their neighbors.
Both urban poor households and their local governments have formulated adaptation strategies in response to the increasing effects of climate change. Few of the local governments built river barriers, improved their drainage systems, installed water diversion techniques (e.g., “bombastic”) and disaster warning systems and increased the capacity of their officials to assist during evacuations. Meanwhile, some urban poor households have adapted to a “water-based lifestyle” (e.g., raising the floors/increasing the number of floors of their homes, building makeshift bridges among households in swampy areas, building Styrofoam boats for transport, etc.). But on the whole, both the urban poor residents and the formal institutions (LGUs, national agencies) need resources and capability building to increase their capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change.
Reframing Society and Culture in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Davis Howard , Davis Howard , Erofeev Sergey 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
How far have social theorists in Russia engaged with the international academic world since the era dominated by Soviet-style historical materialism? Mainstream theories in sociology and ‘culturology’ use new vocabulary but remain loyal to ideological interpretations of society and culture. A minority of Russian sociologists have translated, adopted and critiqued Western ideas. Works by three such authors are explored and compared. This leads to consideration of the institutional development of the social sciences in post-Soviet Russia and their relative isolation from international trends, especially in the regions. The discussion highlights the limitations of old institutional hierarchies and suggests that there is new demand for internationally-trained social scientists to analyze and interpret the post-Soviet experience in innovative ways.
Sociological Traditions in the Polish Textbooks of the Communist Period
Authors: Kilias Jarosław 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The text deals with four Polish sociological textbooks published in the early 1960’s, written by two Marxists, Zygmunt Bauman and Jerzy J. Wiatr, and one by non-Marxist scholar, Jan Szczepański. Books of Wiatr and Szczepański were extremely long-lived, as they were being used until the end of Communism. The design of the last-named two resembled the pre-war systematic sociology textbooks, but all four works were theory-based, treatise-like textbooks. All the books were more influenced by post-war American social science than by any other, including domestic sociological tradition, but no sign of any discontinuity in the discipline’s development appeared in their texts. The Marxism of the Wiatr’s and Bauman’s works conformed to Western sociology as well as the non-Marxist sociology of Szczepański.
Subversive Voices of Daughters of the Nahḍa: Alice al-Bustani and Riwayat Saʾiba (1891)
Authors: Zachs Fruma 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The novel, or more generally, narrative fiction—a new genre of Arabic literature—fuelled the imagination of middle-class youth during the nineteenth-century Arabic nahḍa (awakening), and was thus revolutionary by definition. These narratives were implicit critiques of middle-class society. Although research on earlier novels of the nahḍa authored by men has gradually increased over the last few decades, research on women writers and their novels is still in its infancy.
This essay focuses mainly on Riwayat Saʾiba (1891), written by Alice Bustani (1870–1926), daughter of one of the prominent intellectuals of the nahḍa, Butrus al-Bustani (1819–1883). It discusses these novels as social and historical texts, and describes how writing narrative fiction allowed women to express their opinions without excluding themselves from society and its norms. Women challenged male discourse by modifying the plots and messages of their novels, thus proposing alternative discourses and criticizing the existing one. This exploration of women’s writing thus aims to reveal the active voice of daughters of the nahḍa.
Respiration of Artemia franciscana cultured under different salinities
Authors: El-Gamal Mona M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe available studies on oxygen consumption by Artemia related to different salinities reported contradictory results. However, most of these studies have been obtained only for newly hatched nauplii or adults, and have neglected the gradual accommodation that gives a picture about what really happens in nature. In order to face the problems noted above individuals of Artemia franciscana were acclimated to four different salinities (25 g/L, 35 g/L, 70 g/L and 120 g/L) under laboratory conditions. The oxygen consumption under declining oxygen tensions (Po
2) for each of the 19 stages in Artemia life metamorphic developments was examined. The brine shrimp under different salinities is a respiratory regulator over a wide range of Po
2's. Oxygen consumption rates varied across the salinities with a general inverse relationship in uptake rates versus salinity. The brine shrimps' individual weight significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration of the external medium. Generally, regulation of oxygen consumption improved with development. Specimens cultured under high salinities (70 g/L and 120 g/L) started the regulation earlier than low salinities, even before heart and gill formation (in stage 2) and high salinities also accelerated the development of the heart and the gut earlier than those cultured under lower salinities (stage 3 instead of 6). Later developmental stages did not perform osmotical work in the same manner as nauplii did (0-6) and oxygen consumption did not drive the ionic regulation of Artemia franciscana specimens cultured under different salinities.
Evaluation of Bifenthrin 80 SC, as a wall treatment against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold, an etiological agent of Human Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Al-Amin H. M. , Bahsar K. , Rahman K. M. Z. , Howlader A. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold, an etiological agent of Human Lymphatic Filariasis (HLS), which, in its more extreme manifestations is known as elephantiasis. This debilitating disease is still prevalent in many tropics and subtropics, particularly in the Old World tropics. The efficacy of the pyrethroid insecticide Bifenthrin as a potential insecticide for treatment of indoor building walls against Cx. quinquefasciatus was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Six concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 percent) of insecticide were sprayed. Knockdown and mortality of mosquitoes were recorded after 5, 15, 30, 60 minutes as well as 6 and 24 hours following exposure. The knockdown effects were positively correlated with the dose and exposure period. The mean percent mortalities for the above mentioned doses after 24 hours of exposure were 11.67%, sx = 0.31; 73.33, sx = 3.33; 80.00, sx = 0.37; 81.67, sx = 0.31; 81.67, sx = 0.31; 83.33, sx = 2.10; 89.00, sx = 2.23, respectively, while the LC50 and LC90 were 0.53 and 1.002 percent respectively. Residual potentiality was tested up to 5 days with the three higher doses where nearly 80% death was recorded at 0.6% concentration after 120 hours of exposure. Bifenthrin 80 SC could be used successfully to control indoor mosquito populations.
Habitats and seasonality of riparian-associated millipedes in southwest Washington, USA
Authors: Claeson Shannon M. , Foster Alex D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMillipedes are a diverse and ancient group of poorly known terrestrial organisms. While recent advances in their taxonomy and distribution have occurred in some areas of the world, our knowledge about the distribution and ecology of many taxa in the Pacific Northwest is limited. We review the ecology of taxa we observed and present results from a field study relating millipede abundance and community composition to environmental conditions of geology, vegetation, and climate. Millipedes of southwest Washington State were surveyed in the spring and fall of 2005 and 2006 along twelve headwater streams in forested landscapes. Overall, we observed 10 families of millipedes, with confirmed identification of 15 species. Millipede community composition differed strongly between seasons and across sites. For each season, we report family-specific multiple regressions relating millipede abundance/presence to environmental conditions. Given the ecological importance of millipedes as detritivores, more information on taxonomy and environmental relationships is needed. This research provides insight into the patterns and distribution of riparian-associated millipedes in the Pacific Northwest.
Seasonal dynamics of three inquiline species in isolated island populations of Sarracenia purpurea L. in Lake Michigan
Authors: Kourtev Peter S. , Hamilton Robert IV 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA seasonal survey of the abundances of three inquilines species in Sarracenia purpurea L. leaves was conducted by sampling 240 leaves from three pitcher plant populations on Beaver Island in Lake Michigan, United States. Leaf characteristics such as fluid pH, fluid volume, and keel length were quantified. The study focused primarily on the larvae of three dipteran inquiline species – the midge, Metriocnemus knabi Coquillet, the mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillet), and the flesh fly, Fletcherimyia fletcheri Aldrich. Dipteran inquiline abundances varied with sampling season. Most pitchers contained one of the three studied inquilines species. Mosquito abundances were low relative to the other inquilines. In samples collected soon after new leaves open, a mixture of mosquito and midge larvae was characteristic. We related inquilines abundances to leaf parameters using generalized linear mixed models. The midge and mosquito responded differently to leaf parameters during different sampling seasons, where as the flesh fly showed no response. The most important leaf parameters were pH and percent of total leaf volume filled with fluid (relative volume). The midge and mosquito were more likely to be present in pitchers with low pH and higher fluid volume. Our results indicate that pitchers of isolated northern populations of S. purpurea are inhabited by a less diverse insect community than reported elsewhere. Our study also suggests that site isolation may play an important role in the seasonal variation of inquiline community structure.
Fine-Grained Serpentine in CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrites and Its Implications for the Extent of Aqueous Alteration on the Parent Body: A Review
Authors: Velbel Michael A. , Palmer Eric E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOuter main-belt asteroids are predominantly of the C-type (carbonaceous), suggesting that they are likely parent bodies of carbonaceous chondrites. Abundant phyllosilicates in some classes of carbonaceous chondrites have chemical compositions, mineral associations, and textures that preserve direct evidence of the processes by which carbonaceous chondrites and their parent asteroids originated and evolved to their present state. Serpentine is the dominant hydroxyl-bearing mineral in the most abundant (CM) group of carbonaceous chondrites. Serpentine may have formed as a direct nebular condensate during cooling of the solar nebula, or by aqueous alteration of anhydrous Mg,Fe-silicate precursors. Such alteration of anhydrous precursors may have occurred in the solar nebula prior to assembly of the meteorites’ parent bodies or on the parent bodies. The relative proportions of Fe and Mg in fine-grained CM2 serpentines have been used to compare the degree of aqueous alteration of different CM2 chondrites with one another. The Mg content of serpentine increases with increasing overall degree of aqueous alteration, so CM2 chondrites with Mg-rich serpentines experienced a more advanced degree of aqueous alteration than CM2 chondrites with Fe-rich serpentines. Attempts to quantify aqueous alteration of CM chondrites by interpreting electron microprobe analyses in terms of charge-balance and site-occupancy constraints from serpentine stoichiometry have met with mixed success. Despite its imperfections, one widely used alteration index based on serpentine stoichiometry is strongly correlated with the elapsed time since the fall and recovery of witnessed CM chondrite falls. Additionally, volatile organic contaminants introduced during sample processing in the laboratory are associated with serpentine and other matrix phyllosilicates. Together, these post-recovery changes in scientifically important sample attributes imply that oxidation-reduction and other types of weathering and contamination affect these meteorites even during curatorial storage and laboratory processing. The same phyllosilicates that make their carbonaceous-chondritic host rocks scientifically important research targets also render those same rocks extraordinarily vulnerable to terrestrial contamination of some of their most scientifically important attributes. This has possible implications for reconstructing pre-terrestrial (parent body) aqueous alteration phenomena from carbonaceous chondritic meteorites and eventually from samples returned by future missions to asteroids with spectral reflectance properties similar to carbonaceous chondrites.
Assessing Digital Preemption (And the Future of Law Enforcement?)
Authors: Rosenthal Danny 
Published: November 2011

Like “child-safe” toys, modern technological tools can be designed to prevent users from harming themselves and others. For instance, vehicle manufacturers are testing cars that would automatically brake when a collision is imminent. And digital programming can target moral as well as physical harms. The iPhone was designed to allow Apple to remove applications from users’ devices, a capability it utilized to excise sexually suggestive applications in early 2010.
Government may increasingly seek to manipulate digital design to make it difficult or impossible to break laws using digital devices. In a 2008 book, Jonathan Zittrain discusses this approach, which he calls “preemption.” Zittrain argues persuasively that digital preemption gives serious cause for concern. But he admits that “our instincts for when we object to such code are not well formed.”
This article attempts to fill that gap by connecting digital preemption to existing literature and analyzing the most significant unexplored risks of digital preemption. The article starts by situating preemption among related enforcement techniques. Next, the article explores two key objections to digital preemption that have not been developed in previous discussions. The article concludes with policy suggestions.
Space Charge Effects in the Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Reznikov Michael , Kolessov Alex 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTInterfacial polarization in electrolytes or other ionic media is a well-known phenomenon in connection with the relative surface potential difference. The created space charge affects the distribution of charge carriers in an electrolyte itself similarly to the field effects in semiconductors. This results in a number of secondary effects, from dielectrophoresis to the varied conductivity of the media. Some of these effects, including dielectrophoresis, and electric field sensing in the electrolytes, are analyzed analytically, modeled numerically, and evaluated experimentally. The physical nature of the thermoelectric effect in gels and a totally ionic field effect transistor is revealed, and the correspondence to experimental data is demonstrated.