bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and functional overlap within the insula and anterior cingulate cortex during interoception and phobic symptom provocation
Authors: Caseras Xavier , Murphy Kevin , Mataix‐Cols David , López‐Solà Marina , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Ortriz Hector , Pujol Jesus , Torrubia Rafael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are regarded as key brain structures associated with the integration of perceived phobic characteristics of external stimuli and the perception of ones own body responses that leads to emotional feelings. To test to what extent the activity in these two brain structures anatomically and functionally overlap during phobic reactions and interoception, we submitted the same group of phobic participants (n = 29; either spider or blood‐injection‐injury (BII) phobics) and controls (n = 17) to both type of experimental paradigms. Results showed that there was a clear anatomical overlap in the Blood Oxygen Level‐Dependent (BOLD) responses within the anterior insula and ACC elicited during phobic symptom provocation and during interoceptive awareness. The activity within these two brain structures also showed to be correlated in the spider phobia group, but not in the BII phobic participants. Our results seem to support the idea that the activity within these two brain areas would be associated with the integration of perceived stimuli characteristics and bodily responses that lead to what we label as “fear.” However, that seems not to be the case in BII phobia, where more research is needed in order to clarify to what extent that could be associated with the idiosyncratic physiological response that these patients present in front of phobic stimuli (i.e., drop in heart rate and blood pressure). Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HDAC activity is required for BDNF to increase quantal neurotransmitter release and dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Calfa Gaston , Chapleau Christopher A. , Campbell Susan , Inoue Takafumi , Morse Sarah J. , Lubin Farah D. , Pozzo‐Miller Lucas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMolecular mechanisms involved in the strengthening and formation of synapses include the activation and repression of specific genes or subsets of genes by epigenetic modifications that do not alter the genetic code itself. Chromatin modifications mediated by histone acetylation have been shown to be critical for synaptic plasticity at hippocampal excitatory synapses and hippocampal‐dependent memory formation. Considering that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and behavioral adaptations, it is not surprising that regulation of this gene is subject to histone acetylation changes during synaptic plasticity and hippocampal‐dependent memory formation. Whether the effects of BDNF on dendritic spines and quantal transmitter release require histone modifications remains less known. By using two different inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs), we describe here that their activity is required for BDNF to increase dendritic spine density and excitatory quantal transmitter release onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. These results suggest that histone acetylation/deacetylation is a critical step in the modulation of hippocampal synapses by BDNF. Thus, mechanisms ofepigenetic modulation of synapse formation and function are novel targets to consider for the amelioration of symptoms of intellectual disabilities and neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive and memory deficits. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyhydroxypregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum otophyllum
Authors: Ma Lie‐Feng , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSix new polyhydroxypregnane glycosides, namely cynotophyllosides A–F (1–6), together with five known steroids, were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (especially 2D‐NMR techniques) and acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis. Furthermore, high field 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments were employed to elucidate the structure of 8 previously deduced only on the basis of LC/MS data.
Baeckeins A and B, Two Novel 6‐Methylflavonoids from the Roots of Baeckea frutescens
Authors: Jia Bei‐Xi , Yang Jie , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Cao Yuan , Lai Mao‐Xiang , Wang Qiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA pair of novel isomeric 6‐methylflavonoids, named baeckeins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the roots of Baeckea frutescens. The two compounds possess a unique C23 skeleton, resulting from the 6‐methylation and 8‐arylation of a flavonol (=3‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one) framework and the formation of an unusual lactone ring E. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including HR‐ESI‐MS and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY). A plausible biogenetic pathway for compounds 1 and 2 is also proposed (Scheme).
Synthesis, Characterization, X‐Ray Structural Analysis, and Iodination Ability of Benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Dichloroiodate
Authors: Imanieh Hossein , Ghammamy Shahriar , Nikje Mir Mohammad Alavi , Hosseini Farhang , Aghbolagh Zahra Shokri , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Kia Reza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBenzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium dichloroiodate (BTPPICl2), BnPh3P+(ICl2)−, is easily synthesized in a nearly quantitative yield by the addition of BnPh3P+Cl− to a CH2Cl2 solution of iodine monochloride (ICl). BnPh3P+Cl− can be prepared by the reaction of Ph3P and BnCl. The compound was characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods (elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and 1H‐NMR). The use of phosphonium counterion improves the quality of the BTPPICl2 crystals. BTPPICl2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, and its crystal and molecular structure has been determined at 100(1) K by X‐ray diffraction. The structure was solved by the direct method and had refined R value of 0.0637 for 699 reflections (I>2σ(I)), space group P21/n with a=12.4700(3), b=13.2196(3), c=14.4580(3) Å, β=102.6340(10)°, V=2325.67(9) Å3, and Z=4. The I‐atom is coordinated by two Cl‐atoms as ligands in a linear geometry. This compound is a versatile reagent for the efficient and selective iodination of organic substrates, in particular of aromatic phenols to the corresponding iodo compounds, under mild conditions. To assess the generality of method, a wide variety of phenols with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents were studied. BTPPICl2 is a mild iodination reagent, which offers a new avenue for an expeditious iodination of phenols. The inexpensive, relatively non‐toxic reagent, and mild conditions are the positive features of the procedure and reagent.
Toxicological risks to humans of toxaphene residues in fish
Authors: Leonards Pim EG , Besselink Harrie , Klungsøyr Jarle , McHugh Brendan , Nixon Eugene , Rimkus Gerhard G , Brouwer Abraham , de Boer Jacob 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A revised risk assessment for toxaphene was developed, based on the assumption that fish consumers are only exposed to toxaphene residues that differ substantially from technical toxaphene due to environmental degradation and metabolism. In vitro studies confirmed that both technical toxaphene and degraded toxaphene inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication that correlates with the mechanistic potential to cause tumor promotion. In vivo rat studies established the NOAEL for degraded and technical toxaphene at the highest dose tested in the bioassay. Toxaphene residue intakes from European fishery products were estimated and compared to the provisional tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) from various regulatory agencies including Canada, the United States, and Germany. The estimated intake was also compared to a new calculated provisional MATT pTDI. The MATT pTDI is based on new toxicological information (in vivo rat studies) developed on a model for environmental toxaphene residues rather than technical toxaphene. A MATT pTDI (1.08 mg total toxaphene for a person of 60 kg) for tumor promotion potency was adopted for use in Europe and is referred to here as the MATT pTDI. These new data result in a better estimate of safety and a higher TDI than previously used. Based on realistic fish consumption data and recent baseline concentration data of toxaphene in European fishery products, the toxaphene intake for the consumers of Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the Netherlands was estimated. For an average adult fish consumer, the average daily intake of toxaphene was estimated to be 1.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.2 µg for the consumers of Norway, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands, respectively. The toxaphene intake of these average fish consumers was far below the MATT pTDI of 1.08 mg/60 kg bw. In conclusion, based on the most relevant toxicological studies and the most realistic estimates of fish consumption and recent concentrations of toxaphene in European fishery products, adverse health effects are unlikely for the average European consumer of fishery products. In no case is the MATT pTDI exceeded. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 523–529. © SETAC
VEGF-independent cell-autonomous functions of HIF-1α regulating oxygen consumption in fetal cartilage are critical for chondrocyte survival
Authors: Maes Christa , Araldi Elisa , Haigh Katharina , Khatri Richa , Van Looveren Riet , Giaccia Amato J , Haigh Jody J , Carmeliet Geert , Schipani Ernestina 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Fetal growth plate cartilage is nonvascularized, and chondrocytes largely develop in hypoxic conditions. We previously found that mice lacking the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α in cartilage show massive death of centrally located, hypoxic chondrocytes. A similar phenotype was observed in mice with genetic ablation of either all or specifically the diffusible isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a prime angiogenic target of HIF-1α. Here, we assessed whether VEGF is a critical downstream component of the HIF-1α–dependent survival pathway in chondrocytes. We used a genetic approach to conditionally overexpress VEGF164 in chondrocytes lacking HIF-1α, evaluating potential rescuing effects. The effectiveness of the strategy was validated by showing that transgenic expression of VEGF164 in Col2-Cre;VEGFf/f mice stimulated angiogenesis in the perichondrium, fully corrected the excessive hypoxia of VEGF-deficient chondrocytes, and completely prevented chondrocyte death. Yet, similarly crossed double-mutant embryos lacking HIF-1α and overexpressing VEGF164 in the growth plate cartilage still displayed a central cell death phenotype, albeit slightly delayed and less severe compared with mice exclusively lacking HIF-1α. Transgenic VEGF164 induced massive angiogenesis in the perichondrium, yet this only partially relieved the aberrant hypoxia present in HIF-1α–deficient cartilage and thereby likely inflicted only a partial rescue effect. In fact, excessive hypoxia and failure to upregulate phosphoglycerate-kinase 1 (PGK1), a key enzyme of anaerobic glycolytic metabolism, were among the earliest manifestations of HIF-1α deficiency in cartilaginous bone templates, and reduced PGK1 expression was irrespective of transgenic VEGF164. These findings suggest that HIF-1α activates VEGF-independent cell-autonomous mechanisms to sustain oxygen levels in the challenged avascular cartilage by reducing oxygen consumption. Hence, regulation of the metabolic pathways by HIF-1α and VEGF-dependent regulation of angiogenesis coordinately act to maintain physiological cartilage oxygenation. We conclude that VEGF and HIF-1α are critical preservers of chondrocyte survival by ensuring an adequate balance between availability and handling of oxygen in developing growth cartilage. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Risk factors for prediction of inadequate response to antiresorptives
Authors: Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Olmos Jose M , Nogués Xavier , Sosa Manuel , Díaz-Curiel Manuel , Pérez-Castrillón Jose Luis , Pérez-Cano Ramon , Muñoz-Torres Manuel , Torrijos Antonio , Jodar Esteban , Del Rio Luis , Caeiro-Rey Jose R , Farrerons Jordi , Vila Joan , Arnaud Claude , González-Macías Jesus 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Some patients sustain fractures while on antiresorptives. Whether this represents an inadequate response (IR) to treatment or a chance event has not been elucidated. We performed a study to identify which patients are more likely to fracture while on treatment. This is a multicentric, cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women on antiresorptives for osteoporosis in 12 Spanish hospitals, classified as adequate responders (ARs) if on treatment with antiresorptives for 5 years with no incident fractures or inadequate responders (IRs) if an incident fracture occurred between 1 and 5 years on treatment. Poor compliance, secondary osteoporosis, and previous anti-osteoporosis treatment other than the assessed were exclusion criteria. Clinical, demographic, analytical, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) variables, and proximal femur structure analysis (ImaTx™) and structural/fractal analyses of distal radius were performed. A total of 179 women (76 IRs; mean (SD): age 68.2 (9.0) years; 103 ARs, age 68.5 (7.9) years) were included. History of prior fracture (p = 0.005), two or more falls in the previous year (p = 0.032), low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (p = 0.02), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (p = 0.017), and hip ImaTx fracture load index (p = 0.004) were associated with IR. In the logistic regression models a fracture before treatment (odds ratio [OR], 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–8.82; p = 0.005) and levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D below 20 ng/mL (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.55–9.77; p = 0.004) significantly increased risk for IR, while increased ImaTx fracture load (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99; p = 0.006; per every 100 units) was protective, although the latter became not significant when all three variables were fitted into the model. Therefore, we can infer that severity of the disease, with microarchitectural and structure deterioration, as shown by previous fracture and hip analysis, and low levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D carry higher risk of inadequate response to antiresorptives. More potent regimes should be developed and adequate supplementation implemented to solve this problem. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of three pyrethroids in soil
Authors: Wang Hui , Yan Hongyuan , Qiao Jindong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA simple and miniaturized pretreatment procedure combining matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MSPD) with ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA‐DLLME) technique was proposed in first time for simultaneous determination of three pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate) in soils. The solid samples were directly extracted using MSPD procedure, and the eluent of MSPD was used as the dispersive solvent of the followed DLLME procedure for further purification and enrichment of the analytes before GC‐ECD analysis. Good linear relationships were obtained for all the analytes in a range of 5.0–500.0 ng/g with LOQs (S/N=10) ranged from 1.51 to 3.77 ng/g. Average recoveries at three spiked levels were in a range of 83.6–98.5% with RSD≤7.3%. The present method combined the advantages of MSPD and DLLME, and was successfully applied for the determination of three pyrethroids in soil samples.
Tapentadol: new oral opioid for acute and chronic severe pain
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Chogle Monica , Campbell William 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTapentadol (Palexia) is an oral strong opioid analgesic licensed for the treatment of acute moderate to severe pain or chronic severe pain. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Drs Monica Chogle and William Campbell discuss its place in the management of pain. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Current approaches to managing heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Tay Jasmine , Mohan Shruti , Higham Jenny 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe choice of drug treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding should take into account preference for hormonal or nonhormonal methods, mode of administration and desire for contraception. Our Drug review considers the range of drug and surgical options available, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Study of detached back reflector designs for thin‐film silicon solar cells
Authors: Moulin Etienne , Paetzold Ulrich Wilhelm , Kirchhoff Joachim , Bauer Andreas , Carius Reinhard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present a precise and flexible method to investigate the impact of diverse detached reflector designs on the optical response of p–i–n thin‐film silicon solar cells. In this study, the term detached reflectors refers to back reflectors that are separated from the silicon layers by an intermediate rear dielectric of several micrometers. Based on the utilization of a highly conductive n‐doped layer and a local electrical contact scheme, the method allows the use of non‐conductive rear dielectrics such as air or transparent liquids. With this approach, diverse combinations of back reflector and rear dielectric can be placed behind the same solar cell, providing a direct evaluation of their impact on the device performance. We demonstrate the positive effect of a rear dielectric of low refractive index on the light trapping and compare the performance of solar cells with an air/Ag and a standard ZnO/Ag back reflector design. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
When Work, Family And Friendship Collide
Authors: MacShane Mandi , Mountain Helen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMandi's sister was diagnosed with breast cancer and was referred to our Familial Cancer Program. The young age of diagnosis, characteristics of the cancer and family history suggested genetic testing and Helen was the genetic counselor involved throughout the testing process. In relaying this personal and professional story we have tried to describe the issues we faced and how we negotiated some of the difficulties when the boundaries between our many roles of family member, friends, colleagues and professionals became blurred.
The Checkered Prehistory of Rice Movement Southwards as a Domesticated Cereal—from the Yangzi to the Equator
Authors: Bellwood Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the origins ofOryza sativa japonicarice cultivation in the Yangzi region of China and asks how and with which migrating human populations it spread south to reach Taiwan by 3,000 BC and Southeast Asia by 2,000 BC. The perspective adopted is that the spread of rice was driven mainly by demographic expansion, associated with a spread of languages and archaeological material culture. Environmental barriers also played major roles in establishing a “pause, adapt, spread, pause again” mode of movement, such barriers relating to availability of rainfall and alluvial land, latitude (photoperiodism) and climatic seasonality, and the prior presences of other populations, in some cases with vegetative gardening systems that did not involve rice or other cereals. Contingency also played its part in rice history, as we can see with the inability of this crop to spread into Oceania in part due to the route followed by Neolithic colonizers.
On Cloud computational models and the heterogeneity challenge
Authors: Boutaba Raouf , Cheng Lu , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCloud computing is by far the most cost-effective technology for hosting Internet-scale services and applications. The MapReduce model, in particular, is largely used nowadays in Cloud infrastructures to meet the demand of large-scale data and computation intensive applications. Despite its success, the implications of MapReduce on the management of Cloud workload and cluster resources are still largely unstudied. In this article, we show that dealing with the heterogeneity of workloads and machine capabilities is a key challenge. In today’s cloud environment, workloads can have varied sizes, lengths, resource requirements, and arrival rates. The machines also have varied CPU, memory, I/O speed, and network bandwidth capacities. Jointly they pose difficult challenges pertaining, among others, to job scheduling, task and data placement, resource sharing and resource allocation. We analyze the heterogeneity challenge in these specific problem domains and survey the representative state-of-the-art works that try to address them. We found that although advances are made that partially address some of the outlined challenges, there are even more open challenges yet to be explored, and this topic at large is ripe for scientific contributions.
Taking Steps to Control Costs in the OR
Authors: Hoeksema Janice 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHospitals continue to be challenged by rising expenses in an environment of moderate reimbursements. Health care costs have increasingly come under scrutiny and, with the advent of health care reform, will continue to be scrutinized. Perioperative nurses play a key role in evaluating product safety, effectiveness and efficiency, environmental concerns, and cost and how these factors affect patient care. Cost‐saving opportunities that a hospital product evaluation committee can consider include choosing less expensive but equivalent supplies, comparing the expenses associated with disposable versus reusable products, limiting the use of custom supplies, determining ways to reduce linen use, and changing practices to eliminate products that are found to have little clinical value. Adopting effective product evaluation and purchasing practices can lead to reduced costs without affecting the quality of patient care.
Thyroid Incidentalomas on Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography: Incidence, Malignancy Risk, and Comparison of Standardized Uptake Values
Authors: Kao Yung H. , Lim Siew S. , Ong Seng C. , Padhy Ajit K. 
Published: December 2011

Introduction To determine the incidence of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid thyroid incidentalomas detected on positron emission tomography (PET) with integrated computed tomography (CT), and correlate the FDG–PET-CT findings to cytology. Methods A total of 942 FDG–PET-CT reports were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas were further reviewed for correlative cytology. Results The incidence of FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas is 2.2%. Thyroid malignancies were identified in 3 of 6 patients who underwent cytologic correlation, with a positive predictive value of 50% (95% confidence interval, 14%-86%). The mean maximum standardized uptake values of benign and malignant FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas were 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. Conclusion A FDG-avid thyroid incidentaloma may predict underlying malignancy. Cytologic assessment should be considered for FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas.