bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Essential Subunits in the Plastid-Encoded RNA Polymerase Complex Reveals Building Blocks for Proper Plastid Development
Authors: Steiner Sebastian , Schröter Yvonne , Pfalz Jeannette , Pfannschmidt Thomas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The major RNA polymerase activity in mature chloroplasts is a multisubunit, Escherichia coli-like protein complex called PEP (for plastid-encoded RNA polymerase). Its subunit structure has been extensively investigated by biochemical means. Beside the “prokaryotic” subunits encoded by the plastome-located RNA polymerase genes, a number of additional nucleus-encoded subunits of eukaryotic origin have been identified in the PEP complex. These subunits appear to provide additional functions and regulation modes necessary to adapt transcription to the varying functional situations in chloroplasts. However, despite the enormous progress in genomic data and mass spectrometry techniques, it is still under debate which of these subunits belong to the core complex of PEP and which ones represent rather transient or peripheral components. Here, we present a catalog of true PEP subunits that is based on comparative analyses from biochemical purifications, protein mass spectrometry, and phenotypic analyses. We regard reproducibly identified protein subunits of the basic PEP complex as essential when the corresponding knockout mutants reveal an albino or pale-green phenotype. Our study provides a clearly defined subunit catalog of the basic PEP complex, generating the basis for a better understanding of chloroplast transcription regulation. In addition, the data support a model that links PEP complex assembly and chloroplast buildup during early seedling development in vascular plants.
Modelling the information behaviour of children and young people
Authors: Shenton Andrew K. , Hay‐Gibson Naomi V. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to draw on the linguistic model of narrative recursion developed by Ochs and Capps and on data collected and analysed in previous research projects conducted by Shenton in order to synthesise a new framework that represents the information behaviour of children and young people.Design/methodology/approachThe model of narrative recursion provides the basis of the framework proposed. However, additional, LIS‐specific details have been introduced to ensure that the reworked version represents the phenomenon of information behaviour pertaining to the young as appropriately as possible.FindingsThe individual elements within the Ochs and Capps model correspond closely to three phases typically associated with information behaviour – the emergence of an information need, information‐seeking action, and information use.Research limitations/implicationsNo claim is made that the model delineates all instances of information behaviour. It ignores cases where information is acquired incidentally, where no clear goal is involved in the activity and where no enhancement of the knowledge state results, even though information has been accessed.Practical implicationsThe model is sufficiently simple to be employed in information literacy sessions with secondary school pupils. It could also be extended to provide an instructional tool and is useful in highlighting various points in youngsters' information‐related action where intermediaries may help.Originality/valueAlthough the adoption of ideas and frameworks from other disciplines with the aim of increasing understanding of LIS phenomena is a growing trend, the paper forms one of the first attempts to apply to information behaviour an existing model associated with linguistics.
Nutrients intake and health status of HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Bello Temitope K. , Olayiwola Ibiyemi , Agbon Chineze 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThere are no adequate records on the nutrition of the people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. This paper aims to rectify this.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling technique was used to select 200 PLWHA respondents at the Federal Medical Center Idiaba, Abeokuta. A pre‐tested questionnaire was used to collect information on the subjects’ socio‐demographic characteristics and health status of respondents. A three day 24‐hour recall was used to assess the food intake of the subjects. Adequacy of nutrient intake was assessed as a percentage of the recommended dietary allowance. Packed cell volume (PCV) estimation was investigated using a sub‐sample of 100 respondents.FindingsThe values obtained were compared with WHO/UNICEF/UNU reference values. The mean PCV for the 33 men was 31.9±6.62 while the mean value for the remaining 67 females was 29.4±4.87, which was below the reference values. A positive correlation was obtained between the PCV and energy intake (r=0.528, 33; p<0.01) as well as serum iron (r=0.474; p<0.01).Practical implicationsThis study suggests that a healthy diet that is adequate in terms of energy, protein, fat, and other essential nutrients should be promoted in Nigeria as a key component of positive living for people with HIV.Originality/valueThis paper may be the first to evaluate the nutrient intake and health status of HIV/AIDS patients in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Socioeconomic status and the allocation of government resources in Australia
Authors: Lim Patrick , Gemici Sinan , Rice John , Karmel Tom 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to compare the performance of area‐based vs individual‐level measures of socioeconomic status (SES).Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the longitudinal surveys of Australian youth (LSAY), a multidimensional measure of individual SES is created. This individual measure is used to benchmark the relative usefulness of socio‐economic indexes for areas (SEIFA), a geographic set of measures often used in Australia to assess the SES of individuals. Both measures are compared in terms of classification bias. The effects of using the different SES measures on participation in post‐compulsory education are examined.FindingsSEIFA measures perform satisfactorily with regard to the aggregate measurement of SES. However, they perform poorly when their use is aimed at channelling resources toward disadvantaged individuals. It is at the individual level that the analysis reveals the shortcomings of area‐based SES measures.Research limitations/implicationsWhile region based measures are relatively easy to collect and utilise, we suggest that they hide significant SES heterogeneity within regional districts. Hence, the misclassification resulting from the use of regional measures to direct support for low SES groups creates a risk for resource misallocations.Originality/valueThe finding that region‐based measures are subject to significant misclassification has important research and policy implications. Given the increasing availability of individual‐level administrative data, the paper suggests that such data be used as a substitute for geographic SES measures in categorising the SES of individuals.
Organizational attractiveness and prospective applicants' intentions to apply
Authors: Gomes Daniel , Neves José 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify the process that leads prospective applicants to apply for a job vacancy when one is being evaluated. It proposes that prospective applicants evaluate a job vacancy based on the characteristics of the job and the organizational attributes. This will determine organizational attractiveness perception, and will result in the intention to apply for a job vacancy.Design/methodology/approachAn adapted employment ad that described a job and an organization were presented to 51 marketing professionals and to 73 undergraduate marketing students, who were asked to respond to a questionnaire that contained the measures of the study variables. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression methodology.FindingsOrganizational attractiveness fully mediates the relations between the job characteristics and the organizational attributes with intention to apply for a job vacancy. Analysis over the compared importance of each factor has outlined the major importance of the organizational attributes and feedback of the job for determining this process.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should clarify the role of organizational image as an employer and organizational familiarity in this process.Practical implicationsRecruitment messages in employment ads should place preferential focus on the elements of organization attributes and feedback of the job. These elements will more strongly determine attractiveness perception, and consequentially, predict intention to apply to a job vacancy.Originality/valueThe study clarifies the role of organizational attractiveness in the process that leads to intention to apply for a job vacancy. A significant part of the proposed model was based on clues retrieved from existing research.
HRM outsourcing: the impact of organisational size and HRM strategic involvement
Authors: Sheehan Cathy , Cooper Brian K. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe aims of this paper are, first, to consider the impact of organisational size and the strategic involvement of the human resource management (HRM) function on the decision to outsource, second, to consider the impact of HRM outsourcing on organisational performance for organisations of different size and where the HRM function has access to positions of elevated political power.Design/methodology/approachThe research examines responses from 441 Australian senior HRM managers who participated in an online survey of a national HRM professional association. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression.FindingsAlthough results did not confirm the expected relationship between smaller organisational size and increased outsourcing, there was a positive relationship between HRM strategic involvement and the decision to outsource. The relationship between HRM outsourcing and perceived financial performance was positive for smaller firms and negative for larger firms. The positive relationship between strategic HR involvement and organisational effectiveness was also enhanced when HRM activities were kept in‐house rather than when they were outsourced.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, the research findings confirm advantages for smaller firms that seek out external HRM assistance. The results of the study also indicate that there are organisational benefits when an elevated strategic HRM role in an organisation is combined with the decision to develop in‐house HRM activities rather than externalise these responsibilities.Originality/valueUsing political influence theory, the research applies an alternative theoretical perspective to the analysis of HRM outsourcing.
The milieu of government reporting in Vanuatu
Authors: Brown Alistair 
Published: September 2011

PurposeConcentrating on internal commentaries, this paper aims to consider the factors that have contributed to the resistance to the introduced reporting and accountability for the whole‐of‐government of Vanuatu.Design/methodology/approachThe view from the centre considers documentary evidence of the Auditor‐General's commentaries on the whole of Vanuatu government reporting. Textual analysis takes into account the complexity of Vanuatu's political, social, economic, cultural and historical background, together with views from the periphery about the expectations raised about Vanuatu's constitutional accountability.FindingsIn recent times, in Vanuatu, there have been no annual reports generated by the Auditor‐General and, thus, no examination and audit of the accounts of the government of Vanuatu, suggesting a resistance to the introduced Condominium concepts of parliamentary accountability of the whole of Vanuatu government reporting. In the time the Auditor‐General's Office (AGO) did produce reports that were largely ignored by parliament and its Public Accounts Committee (PAC).Research limitations/implicationsIntroduced ideas of accountability as reflected in the constitution of Vanuatu have an uncertain space. Introduced Westminster systems of government raise an expectation to uphold the intent and provisions of constitutional accountability through either Western‐narrow or Western‐broad government reporting. Textual analysis of the Auditor‐General's commentaries show that to develop and fully leverage ideas of imported concepts, such as accountability, those on the periphery need to understand the “centre”, their nature, characteristics and configuration.Practical implicationsGreater funding and staffing of the AGO would assist in the examination and audit of the accounts of the government of Vanuatu. Greater interest by parliamentary oversight committees, such as the PAC, in the Auditor‐General's work would help this examination and audit process.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper rests in considering Vanuatu's agency's own government reporting through internal points of reference.
The Toyota crisis: an economic, operational and strategic analysis of the massive recall
Authors: Andrews Anthony P. , Simon John , Tian Feng , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an in‐depth analysis of the economic, operational and strategic aspects of the Toyota recall crisis, as well as its implications for the global auto industry and its competitive dynamics in the future.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provided a literature review (of both academic literature, company reports, and popular press).FindingsToyota's recent efforts to become the top selling automaker in the global market place might have led to some unfavorable changes in its supply chain management practices, as well as tarnishing some of the core values of the “Toyota Way”, which were partially responsible for the massive recall. Toyota's handling of the recall also reflected the unique “Japanese way” of managing crisis.Originality/valueThe paper provides a timely analysis of a corporate crisis that is still unfolding. The multi‐disciplinary perspectives used in this analysis provide unique insights to understand a complex corporate phenomenon.
A generational explanation for surges in managerial rhetorics
Authors: Papenhausen Chris 
Published: September 2011

PurposePrevious research has shown that eras of managerial rhetorics have alternated between normative and rational ideologies. The purpose of this study is to test the influence of generational membership on this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachExamining data for the past 130 years, eras of managerial rhetorics are matched with recurring generational archetypes.FindingsEmpirical evidence is analyzed and found to be generally supportive of the hypotheses: generational membership is associated with the timing of the alternation in managerial rhetorics.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of association suggest generational change could be a causal driver of long‐term change in managerial rhetorics.Practical implicationsThe model tested implies a predictive ability to anticipate the movement from the current normative rhetoric to a new rational rhetoric in the near future.Originality/valueThis study is the first to find evidence that the alternation between rational and normative managerial rhetorics is related to generational effects.
Review of femtosecond infrared laser‐induced fibre Bragg grating sensors made with a phase mask
Authors: Mihailov Stephen J. , Grobnic Dan , Smelser Christopher W. , Walker Robert B. , Lu Ping , Ding Huimin 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a review of research performed at the Communications Research Centre Canada on sensing applications of femtosecond infrared laser‐inscribed Bragg gratings.Design/methodology/approachBy using fibre Bragg gratings induced with ultrafast infrared radiation, inscription of high temperature stable sensors in standard and exotic optical waveguides is investigated for a variety of novel applications.FindingsGenerally, femtosecond laser‐induced gratings are effective sensors that can be applied in situations and environments where most fibre optic sensors are not effective.Originality/valueThe paper is a review of existing work already published in the literature and provides an overview of this technology to the reader.
A novel detection and navigation approach based on OWA fusion method
Authors: Reza Badello Mohammad , Moshiri Behzad , Araabi Babak N. , Tebianian Hamed 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design and implement a landmine detection robot (Venus) equipped with three electromagnetic sensors and controlled by ordered weighted averaging (OWA) sensor fusion approach. Higher numbers of detected mines in a fixed time interval and lower total power consumption are the achieved goals of this research.Design/methodology/approachOWA sensor fusion is exploited for data combination in this paper. Unlike most other landmine detection robots, Venus has three electromagnetic sensors, the positions of which can be adjusted according to the environmental conditions. Also, a novel approach for OWA weight dedication using Gaussian distribution function is applied and the whole idea is evaluated practically in several randomly mined fields. Finally, for better evaluation, performance of Venus is compared with the other two landmine detection robots.FindingsThe simulation and experimental results proved that in a predetermined interval of time, not only total energy consumption is reduced, but also by expanding the surface and the depth of influence of electromagnetic waves, the number of detected mines is considerably raised.Social implicationsIn contrast to the regular demining process, which is relatively expensive and complicated, the landmine detection method proposed in this research is surprisingly simple, cost effective, and efficient. Therefore, it may be attractive for every company or organization in this field of research.Originality/valueThe paper describes research which implements and evaluates a novel control approach based on OWA sensor fusion method, a new way of using Gaussian distribution function for determining OWA weights, and also an adaptive physical configuration for sensors based on environmental conditions.
An exploratory study of the under‐representation of Emirate women in the United Arab Emirates' information technology sector
Authors: Hassan Al Marzouqi Ahlam , Forster Nick 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the principal reasons why Emirate women are under‐represented in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) information technology (IT) sector; and the barriers and challenges that national women have encountered while working in this sector of the national economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on data from 20 structured in‐depth interviews conducted with Emirate women who had worked for a minimum of five years in IT.FindingsAlthough national women have made remarkable inroads into almost all professions and occupations in recent years, they are still noticeably under‐represented in IT, particularly in the private sector. In addition, very few are in senior‐level positions and there are, at the time of writing, no Emirate women technology‐entrepreneurs. The results show that cultural and familial factors still inhibit many young Emirate women from choosing careers in this profession, and negative gendered attitudinal assumptions about women are still prevalent within the local IT sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was small, so we were unable to test specific research hypotheses, or compare our results with quantitative cohort surveys conducted in other countries. Nevertheless, the findings warrant additional research, as increasing numbers of Emirate women graduate from local universities with IT/MIS degrees, and further research on this topic is described.Practical implicationsFive practical strategies are identified to encourage more young Emirate women to embrace IT careers in the future.Originality/valueThis is the first research on this issue conducted in the UAE/GCC region.
Strategic roles of centers in business school development
Authors: Drew Stephen A.W. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and types of business school centers/institutes – their role in business school development, ability to overcome disciplinary and organizational boundaries, and encourage innovation in programs and curricula.Design/methodology/approachThe primary methodology is literature review and empirical survey using web data. The approach is exploratory, and summary case studies are presented to illustrate center/institute roles.FindingsBusiness school centers/institutes are widespread and diverse in mission and activity. There is little previous research in the field. A model for forces driving center formation is also presented.Research limitations/implicationsCenters/institutes represent structural forms that can help implement strategies for change and innovation. This means administrators of business schools should consider centers/institutes as tools to strengthen strategic planning. The paper presents directions for further research.Practical implicationsThe paper focuses on strategic planning by business school administrators, and reform and change in programs and curricula.Originality/valueThe paper takes a holistic view of the literature, provides a comprehensive survey of multiple types of center/institute, and links the roles of centers/institutes to strategic and structural change. It presents differences between US and international schools.
Executive coaching
Authors: Baron Louis , Morin Lucie , Morin Denis 
Published: September 2011

PurposeDespite its growing popularity in applied settings, executive coaching has to date received little attention in empirical research, especially in regard to the coaching process. This paper aims to investigate the effect of working alliance rating discrepancies on the development of coachees' self‐efficacy, a key outcome in leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a pre‐ post‐test study of a leadership development program taking place in a large North American manufacturing company. Data were collected from two samples: managers receiving coaching over an eight‐month period and internal certified coaches. In total, 30 coach‐coachee dyads were analyzed.FindingsResults from an analysis of covariance did not support the authors' hypothesis, by indicating that coachees having worked with a coach who underestimated the working alliance, in relation to his or her coachee, experienced more growth in self‐efficacy than coachees who worked with a coach who either accurately estimated or overestimated the working alliance.Practical implicationsThe results sugges that coaches should coach with an “ongoing and deliberately maintained doubt as their only certainty”. The importance for coaches to be sensitive to signs of what the coachee is experiencing, and to take the initiative to verify the coachee's comfort level with the way coaching is proceeding is addressed.Originality/valueThis study intended to delve deeper into the complexities of the coaching process by linking a key coaching process variable, the relationship, to coaching outcomes.