bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Risks Estimation and Analysis of Business Processes
Authors: Balakrishnan N. , Naumov A. , Morgunov D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the paper the model of business processes of a data‐flow type and operations above them are entered into reviewing. The methods of the analysis of business processes on effectiveness are offered. The methods of an risk estimation and analysis of business processes are considered also. The task of risk estimation and using it on practice in managing economic systems with using processing approach is investigated. Conditional‐internal and conditional‐external risks are considered and proved their properties. Metrics of risks estimation are given as highest comparative and absolute losses, average losses etc. Inefficiency of using risk estimation procedures by dispersion and quantiles is shown. Approaches to the business‐processes indicators optimization proposed and investigated in the area “risk‐profit” (“risk‐indicator”). This optimization is realized by using utility function as multicriterion problem. Functional, stochastic dependences between risks are shown, that do not allow to optimize risks only (separate from indicators). The task of risk managing in economic systems is work out in complex with the tasks of it's analysis, modeling and optimization. The problem of factor analysis in deterministic form is investigated too.
Models for Bid Arrivals and Bidder Arrivals in Online Auctions
Authors: Russo Ralph P. , Shyamalkumar Nariankadu D. , Shmueli Galit , Jank Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe arrival process of bidders and bids in online auctions is important for studying and modeling supply and demand in the online marketplace. Whereas bid arrivals are observable in online auction data, bidder behavior is typically not. A popular assumption in the online auction literature is that a homogeneous Poisson bidder arrival process is a reasonable approximation. This approximation underlies theoretical derivations, statistical models and simulations used in field studies. However, empirical research has shown that the process of bid arrivals is far from homogeneous, as it features early and last‐moment bidding, as well as a self‐similar structure. In this chapter we discuss two types of models: Descriptive models for bid arrivals that were derived based on features of real bid data in online auctions, and models for bidder arrivals that lead to the bid arrival process. The model for the bid arrival process, calledthe BARISTA process, can generate different intensities at different stages of the auctions. We discuss its properties, show how to simulate bid arrivals from it, and how to estimate its parameters. We then describe two bidder behavior models that lead to versions of the BARISTA process. Model adequacy and performance are illustrated via simulation and real data from eBay.
Pricing Foreign Exchange Options with Stochastic Volatility
Authors: Ahlip Rehez 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn exhaustive survey of research on pricing foreign exchange options with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates is presented in this article. The article also includes contributions to pricing of currency options with fixed volatility and deterministic interest rates, domestic and foreign, and in a systematic way extend to results obtained for cases which include stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates. Since the literature in pricing foreign exchange currency option is quite extensive, the article considers some of the more important contributions.
MOF Processing by Electrospinning for Functional Textiles
Authors: Rose Marcus , Böhringer Bertram , Jolly Marc , Fischer Roland , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present the use of electrospinning for the immobilization of metal‐organic framework particles in fibers and the production of homogeneous textile‐like layers. HKUST‐1 and MIL‐100(Fe) are stable during the electrospinning process from a suspension. Excellent high loadings of up to 80 wt% of MOF in the polymeric fibers are achieved. The total accessibility of the inner surface is guaranteed for adsorption processes due to very small fiber diameters in comparison to the particle size. This method provides the know‐how for the immobilization of MOFs on flexible, textile‐like substrates. Applications such as gas purification or removal of toxic compounds in protective clothing are conceivable.
Clinical evaluation of a bioresorbable implant for medialization of the middle turbinate in sinus surgery
Authors: Grisel Jedidiah J. , Atkins James H. , Fleming Daniel J. , Kuppersmith Ronald B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundDuring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), postoperative lateralization of the middle turbinate can lead to scarring and obstruction of key drainage pathways, including the osteomeatal complex. The technique of suturing the middle turbinate to the nasal septum to enhance exposure can be difficult and time consuming. This study presents the first clinical results using the Middle Turbinate Implant (MTI), a device composed of absorbable copolymer polylactide‐co‐glycolide and intended to medialize the middle turbinate during surgical procedures such as ESS.MethodsThe trial included 22 implantations (21 successful implantations) on 14 subjects (6 unilateral and 8 bilateral implantations). The primary outcome measure was the position of the middle turbinate at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The extent of tissue reaction at the site of implantation was also evaluated.ResultsAt 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively, 100% of the middle turbinates were held medially or in the neutral position with no significant synechiae present. At 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively, there was either no (95%, 90%, and 95%) or mild (5%, 10%, and 5%) tissue reaction at the site of implantation. No complications were noted during implantation.ConclusionThe use of the bioresorbable MTI appears to be a safe and effective method of medializing the middle turbinate during ESS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Irrigation penetration of nasal delivery systems: A cadaver study
Authors: Abadie Wesley M. , McMains Kevin C. , Weitzel Erik Kent 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the sinus penetration potential of several commercially available irrigation systems in maximally operated sinus cavities; cadaveric study in a tertiary care center.MethodsSeven fresh cadaver heads with brains removed were maximally dissected to include a Draf III frontal sinusotomy, wide maxillary antrostomy, and complete sphenoethmoidectomy. Drill‐holes (4 mm) were created to allow visualization of the irrigations from within the respective sinus cavity. Seven commercially available irrigation systems were then tested according to manufacturer recommendation, and the data recorded using an ordinal scale for comparison.ResultsAmong the 3 atomized particle delivery systems tested, the squeeze atomizer took 1.15 attempts, the pump atomizer took 1.85 attempts, and the mechanized atomizer required 30 seconds of continuous application for intrasinus delivery of aerosol (p = 0.009). Penetration with 4 heavy irrigators showed significant variability depending on the sinus cavity being tested. The NeilMed irrigator showed more consistent penetration than any other tested device (p < 0.01). The other systems tested had varying degrees of efficacy, dependent on sinus cavity irrigated.ConclusionDelivery of irrigant to maximally operated sinus cavities is variable and highly dependent on the method of nasal delivery. Use of these systems should be tailored appropriately for the desired effect. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Interleukin‐2/interleukin‐2 antibody therapy induces target organ natural killer cells that inhibit central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Hao Junwei , Campagnolo Denise , Liu Ruolan , Piao Wenhua , Shi Samuel , Hu Baoyang , Xiang Rong , Zhou Qinghua , Vollmer Timothy , Van Kaer Luc , La Cava Antonio , Shi Fu‐Dong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:The role of natural killer (NK) cells in regulating multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood. Additional studies with NK cells might provide insight into the mechanism of action of MS therapies such as daclizumab, an antibody against the interleukin (IL)‐2R α‐chain, which induces expansion of CD56bright NK cells.Methods:In a relapsing–remitting form of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS induced in SJL mice, we expanded NK cells with IL‐2 coupled with an anti–IL‐2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluated the effects of these NK cells on EAE. Further, we investigated the effect of the human version of IL‐2/IL‐2 mAb on NK cells from MS patients and its effect on central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and pathology in a human–mouse chimera model and assessed the underlying mechanisms.Results:IL‐2/IL‐2 mAb dramatically expands NK cells both in the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the CNS, and attenuates CNS inflammation and neurological deficits. Disease protection is conferred by CNS‐resident NK cells. Importantly, the human version of IL‐2/IL‐2 mAb restored the defective CD56+ NK cells from MS patients in a human–mouse chimera model. Both the CD56bright and CD56dim subpopulations were required to attenuate disease in this model.Interpretation:These findings unveil the immunotherapeutic potential of NK cells, which can act as critical suppressor cells in target organs of autoimmunity. These results also have implications to better understand the mechanism of action of daclizumab in MS. Ann Neurol 2011;
UBV‐Beobachtungen und Periodenbestimmung für den Delta Scuti Stern HD 177392
Authors: Schöneich W. , Zelwanowa E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUBV observations of the Delta Scuti type star HD 177392 were carried out in 7 neights. The three periods o41215, o411091, and o4109414 were found. These periods can not be explaine by radial pulsation.
Alfred Wegener und die Physik der Hochatmosphäre
Authors: Schröder W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlfred Wegener's Beiträge zur Physik der Leuchtenden Nachtwolken, des Polarlichtes sowie anderer atmosphärischer Erscheinungen werden behandelt. Die Bedeutung dieser Forschungen für heutige Fragestellungen wird aufgezeigt.
Outcome after vascular trauma in a deployed military trauma system
Authors: Stannard A , Brown K , Benson C , Clasper J , Midwinter M , Tai N R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Military injuries to named blood vessels are complex limb- and life-threatening wounds that pose significant difficulties in prehospital and surgical management. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the epidemiology, treatment and outcome of vascular injury among service personnel deployed on operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Methods
Data from the British Joint Theatre Trauma Registry were combined with hospital records to review all cases of vascular trauma in deployed service personnel over a 5-year interval ending in January 2008.

Results
Of 1203 injured service personnel, 110 sustained injuries to named vessels; 66 of them died before any surgical intervention. All 25 patients who sustained an injury to a named vessel in the abdomen or thorax died; 24 did not survive to undergo surgery and one casualty in extremis underwent a thoracotomy, but died. Six of 17 patients with cervical vascular injuries survived to surgical intervention; two died after surgery. Of 76 patients with extremity vascular injuries, 37 survived to surgery with one postoperative death. Interventions on 38 limbs included 19 damage control procedures (15 primary amputations, 4 vessel ligations) and 19 definitive limb revascularization procedures (11 interposition vein grafts, 8 direct repairs), four of which failed necessitating three amputations.

Conclusion
In operable patients with extremity injury, amputation or ligation is often required for damage control and preservation of life. Favourable limb salvage rates are achievable in casualties able to withstand revascularization. Despite marked progress in contemporary battlefield trauma care, torso vascular injury is usually not amenable to surgical intervention.
A New Entry into Aluminum Chemistry: [L1AlMe]⋅THF, a Versatile Building Block for Bimetallic and Polymetallic Complexes
Authors: Sarish Sankaranarayana Pillai , Nekoueishahraki Bijan , Jana Anukul , Roesky Herbert W. , Schulz Thomas , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: November 2010

Abstract[L1AlMe]⋅THF (1; L1=CH[C(CH2)](CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2) is prepared by a new method to test its reactivity towards metal complexes to give heterobimetallic or polymetallic complexes. The treatment of 1 with germanium chloride ([LGeCl]), tin chloride ([LSnCl]; L=CH(CMe2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2), bismuth amide ([1,8‐C10H6(NSiMe3)2BiNMe2]), and dimethyl zinc (ZnMe2) gave the desired compounds with different functional groups on the aluminum center. All compounds have been thoroughly characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, EI mass spectrometry, X‐ray crystallography (2, 3, and 5), and elemental analysis.
Breakthrough Curves of Methane at High Pressures for H2 Purification Processes
Authors: Bastos‐Neto Moises , Möller Andreas , Böhm Jürgen , Gläser Roger , Staudt Reiner 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work provides a series of methane adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves on one 5A zeolite and one activated carbon. Breakthrough curves of CH4 were obtained from dynamic column measurements at different temperature and pressure conditions for concentrations of 4.4 – 17.3 mol.‐% in H2/CH4 mixtures. A simple model was developed to simulate the curves using measured and calculated data inputs. The results show that the model predictions agree very well with the experiments.
A fourth‐order Cartesian local mesh refinement method for the computational fluid dynamics of physiological flow in multi‐generation branched vessels
Authors: Miki Takahito , Imai Yohsuke , Ishikawa Takuji , Wada Shigeo , Aoki Takayuki , Yamaguchi Takami 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSince abnormal fluid states in our body cause critical diseases, patient‐specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) probably become a standard diagnosis tool in the near future. The vessels in our body are multiple‐branched tubes, which makes it difficult to obtain accurate solutions from conventional CFD methods. In this report, we propose a fourth‐order local mesh refinement (LMR) method based on an interpolated differential operator scheme for simulating flow in multi‐generation branched vessels. The proposed LMR method has the accuracy of fourth‐order for three‐dimensional advection and diffusion equations, respectively. We describe how to apply the LMR method to patient‐specific pulmonary airflow simulations. In our method, the computational mesh size is determined locally by geometrical parameters: the diameter of airways and the distance from the airway wall. To demonstrate our method, an LMR model and a fine mesh model were compared for flow in the central airway, and there was no significant difference between results. We also show the applicability of the method to a maximum eleventh‐generation airway model, where the number of computational nodes was reduced by 85% compared with the case using uniform fine meshes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative Measurement Techniques in Surface Science
Authors: Freund Hans‐Joachim , Nilius Niklas , Risse Thomas , Schauermann Swetlana , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe four new experimental techniques advanced during the last decade in the authors’ laboratory. The techniques include photon scanning tunneling microscopy; aberration‐corrected low‐energy electron microscopy in combination with photoelectron emission microscopy, microcalorimetry, and electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy. It is demonstrated how those techniques may be applied to solve fundamental problems in surface science with growing demands to tackle complex nanoscopic systems, and, in particular in catalysis science, which, without the availability of those techniques, would be difficult if not impossible to address.
Critical role of the calpain/calpastatin balance in acute allograft rejection
Authors: Letavernier Emmanuel , Dansou Boris , Lochner Matthias , Perez Joëlle , Bellocq Agnès , Lindenmeyer Maja T. , Cohen Clemens D. , Haymann Jean‐Philippe , Eberl Gérard , Baud Laurent 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRejection of solid organ allograft involves alloreactive T‐cell expansion. The importance of NF‐κB and NFAT in this process is underscored by the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppressive agents, which target the two transcription factors. Since calpains, calcium‐activated proteases, are involved in the activation of NF‐κB and NFAT, we investigated the role of calpains in allograft rejection. In human transplant kidneys undergoing acute or chronic rejection, we show an increased expression of CAPN 1 gene encoding μ‐calpain, associated with a marked expression of μ‐calpain, mainly in infiltrating T cells. To address the role of calpain in rejection, we used a skin transplant model in transgenic mice expressing high levels of calpastatin, a calpain‐specific inhibitor. We show that calpain inhibition extended skin allograft survival, from 11 to 20 days. This delay was associated with a limitation in allograft infiltration by T cells. In vitro, calpain inhibition by calpastatin transgene expression limited dramatically T‐cell migration but, unexpectedly, increased slightly T‐cell proliferation. Amplification of IL‐2 signaling via the stabilization of IL‐2R common γ‐chain provided an explanation for the proliferation response. This is the first study establishing that calpain inhibition delays allograft rejection by slowing down T‐cell migration rather than proliferation.
Estrogen receptor‐β ligand treatment modulates dendritic cells in the target organ during autoimmune demyelinating disease
Authors: Du Sienmi , Sandoval Francisco , Trinh Pauline , Umeda Elizabeth , Voskuhl Rhonda 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEstrogens act upon nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) to ameliorate cell‐mediated autoimmune disease. As most immunomodulatory effects of estrogens in EAE have been attributed to the function of ER‐α, we previously demonstrated that ER‐β ligand treatment reduced disease severity without affecting peripheral cytokine production or levels of CNS inflammation, suggesting a direct neuroprotective effect; however, the effect of ER‐β treatment on the function of immune cells within the target organ remained unknown. Here, we used adoptive transfer studies to show that ER‐β ligand treatment was protective in the effector, but not the induction phase of EAE, as shown by decreased clinical disease severity with the preservation of axons and myelin in spinal cords. The analysis of the immune cell infiltrates in the CNS revealed that while ER‐β ligand treatment did not reduce overall levels of CNS inflammation, there was a decrease in the DC percentage, and these CNS DC had decreased TNF‐α production. Finally, experiments using DC deficient in ER‐β revealed that the expression of ER‐β on DC was essential for protective effects of ER‐β ligand treatment in EAE. Our results demonstrate for the first time an effect of ER‐β ligand treatment in vivo on DC in the target organ of a prototypic cell‐mediated autoimmune disease.
Selection of escape mutant by HLA‐C‐restricted HIV‐1 Pol‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes carrying strong ability to suppress HIV‐1 replication
Authors: Honda Kazutaka , Zheng Nan , Murakoshi Hayato , Hashimoto Masao , Sakai Keiko , Borghan Mohamed Ali , Chikata Takayuki , Koyanagi Madoka , Tamura Yoshiko , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi , Takiguchi Masafumi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHIV‐1 mutants escaping from HLA‐A‐ or HLA‐B‐restricted CTL have been well studied, but those from HLA‐C‐restricted CTL have not. Therefore we investigated the ability of HLA‐C‐restricted CTL to select HIV‐1 escape mutants. In the present study, we identified two novel HLA‐Cw*1202‐restricted Pol‐specific CTL epitopes (Pol328‐9 and Pol463‐10). CTL specific for these epitopes were detected in 25–40% of chronically HIV‐1‐infected HLA‐Cw*1202+ individuals and had strong abilities to kill HIV‐1‐infected cells and to suppress HIV‐1 replication in vitro, suggesting that these CTL may have the ability to effectively control HIV‐1 in some HLA‐Cw*1202+ individuals. Sequence analysis of these epitopes showed that a V‐to‐A substitution at the 9th position (V9A) of Pol 463‐10 was significantly associated with the HLA‐Cw*1202 allele and that the V9A mutant was slowly selected in the HLA‐Cw*1202+ individuals. Pol 463‐10‐specific CTL failed both to kill the V9A virus‐infected cells and to suppress replication of the V9A mutant. These results indicate that the V9A mutation was selected as an escape mutant by the Pol463‐10‐specific CTL. The present study strongly suggests that some HLA‐C‐restricted CTL have a strong ability to suppress HIV‐1 replication so that they can select HIV escape mutants as in the case of HLA‐A‐restricted or HLA‐B‐restricted CTL.
The dependence of Ig class‐switching on the nuclear export sequence of AID likely reflects interaction with factors additional to Crm1 exportin
Authors: Ellyard Julia I. , Benk Amelie S. , Taylor Benjamin , Rada Cristina , Neuberger Michael S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractActivation‐induced deaminase (AID) is a B lymphocyte‐specific DNA deaminase that triggers Ig class‐switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. It shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus, containing a nuclear export sequence (NES) at its carboxyterminus. Intriguingly, the precise nature of this NES is critical to AID's function in CSR, though not in somatic hypermutation. Many alterations to the NES, while preserving its nuclear export function, destroy CSR ability. We have previously speculated that AID's ability to potentiate CSR may critically depend on the affinity of interaction between its NES and Crm1 exportin. Here, however, by comparing multiple AID NES mutants, we find that – beyond a requirement for threshold Crm1 binding – there is little correlation between CSR and Crm1 binding affinity. The results suggest that CSR, as well as the stabilisation of AID, depend on an interaction between the AID C‐terminal decapeptide and factor(s) additional to Crm1.
Optimal, heuristic and Q‐learning based DSA policies for cellular networks with coordinated access band
Authors: Kamal Hany , Coupechoux Marceau , Godlewski Philippe , Kelif Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDue to the increasing demands for higher data rate applications, also due to the actual spectrum crowd situation, Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) turned into an active research topic. In this paper, we analyse DSA in cellular networks context, where a Coordinated Access Band (CAB) is shared between Radio Access Networks (RANs). We propose a Semi‐Markov Decision Process (SMDP) approach to derive the optimal DSA policies in terms of operator reward. In order to overcome the limitations induced by optimal policy implementation, we also propose two simple, though sub‐optimal, DSA algorithms: a Q‐learning (QL) based algorithm and a heuristic algorithm. The achieved reward using the latter is shown to be very close to the optimal case and thus to significantly exceed the reward obtained with Fixed Spectrum Access (FSA). The rewards achieved by using the QL‐based algorithm are shown to exceed those obtained by using FSA. Higher rewards and better spectrum utilisation with DSA optimal and heuristic methods are, however, obtained at the price of a reduced average user throughput. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.