bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining entrepreneurial intentions in the Caribbean
Authors: Devonish Dwayne , Alleyne Philmore , Charles‐Soverall Wayne , Young Marshall Ayanna , Pounder Paul 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to highlight the need for Caribbean scholarship to advance and test social psychological models that speak to current entrepreneurial realities on the ground which have implications for theory, education, practice and public policy. It tests a revised entrepreneurial intentions‐based model by examining the impact of several socio‐cognitive predictors.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structural equation modelling approach, a revised model of entrepreneurial intentions is tested based on a survey of 376 university students from a Caribbean university.FindingsThe chi square difference results reveal that when compared with the proposed (revised) model, a previous model advanced by Krueger is found to be the most suitable model in explaining entrepreneurial intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross‐sectional design of the study does not permit causal statements to be made regarding the variables examined. There is a call for longitudinal research to further examine the causal links between relevant variables in entrepreneurial models.Practical implicationsThis paper has strong practical value in that the results can assist students, educators, and present entrepreneurs in understanding the dynamics and processes involved in entrepreneurial decision‐making. This understanding can promote the development and maintenance of further entrepreneurial ventures in the Caribbean.Originality/valueThe paper also has a strong theoretical value as it relies on several socio‐cognitive explanations of human behaviour, and seeks to advance the theoretical field by using more rigorous analyses.
Performance management in police agencies: a conceptual framework
Authors: Shane Jon M. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define a systematic management structure that helps police practitioners institutionalize performance management and analysis in more rational‐technical ways.Design/methodology/approachThe design is based on Gold's “complete participant” field researcher method.FindingsThe findings suggest a performance management model is more rational than the traditional command‐control model and may increase consistency in police management by systematically collecting and reporting on streams of data to measure performance instead of relying on rote compliance.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is limited because it does not account for important intangible qualities of performance (e.g. attitude, initiative, judgment); in the hands of autocratic managers it can be oppressive and cause more problems than it solves; it may constrain officer discretion; it has not been advanced as a learning instrument; and performance indicators are subject to measurement error.Practical implicationsMost police agencies are already capturing the necessary data elements to implement a performance management model. Police executives and policymakers can use this model to definitively measure how well police agencies and individual programs are performing.Originality/valueThe paper represents an opportunity for police practitioners to embrace a new management process intended to improve performance and accountability. The framework is a universal management process that can be applied to any size police agency or any police program.
The relationship between individual values, psychological well‐being, and organizational commitment among Israeli police officers
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Shamai Orit 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThere has been a growing trend recently to examine individual‐level values in order to better understand the attitudes and behaviors of employees in the workplace. This paper aims to continue this trend by examining the relationship between individual values, using Schwartz's basic human values theory, and psychological well‐being (PWB) and affective organizational commitment. It also seeks to examine whether demographic variables control the relationship between individual values and the two dependent variables.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is comprised of 271 police officers enrolled in an undergraduate program in an Israeli university.FindingsAs expected, the regression analysis showed a positive relationship between PWB and the values of benevolence, self‐direction, and achievement, and a negative relationship between PWB and the values of power and tradition. Surprisingly, organizational commitment was negatively related to achievement and positively related to power – the reverse of their relationship with PWB. The results also revealed a negative correlation between PWB and commitment.Originality/valueThe findings encourage future research on the relationship between individual values, PWB, and organizational commitment among police officers.
Crime‐based survey instrument for police integrity measurement
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe common survey instrument for police integrity consists of case descriptions that are mainly concerned with corruption. However, the diversity in police criminal acts calls for a revision of this survey instrument. Based on cases of convicted police officers in Norway, this paper aims to propose a new survey.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of 57 court cases in Norway was carried out.FindingsRather than focusing mainly on police corruption, a diversity of police criminal acts was identified in the content analysis.Research limitations/implicationsCourt cases in other countries should be analysed to improve the proposed questionnaire in future iterations. Rather than measuring police integrity only in terms of corruption, future empirical studies of police integrity should focus on the variety of police criminal acts found in court cases.Originality/valueThe paper focusses on an empirically based survey instrument.
Best practices in vehicle stop data collection and analysis
Authors: Tillyer Rob , Engel Robin S. , Calnon Cherkauskas Jennifer 
Published: March 2010

PurposeWithin the last 15 years, law enforcement agencies have increased their collection of data on vehicle stops. A variety of resource guides, research reports, and peer‐reviewed articles have outlined the methods used to collect these data and conduct analyses. This literature is spread across numerous publications and can be cumbersome to summarize for practical use by practitioners and academics. This article seeks to fill this gap by detailing the current best practices in vehicle stop data collection and analysis in state police agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe article summarizes the data collection techniques used to assist in identifying racial/ethnic disparities in vehicle stops. Specifically, questions concerning why, when, how, and what data should be collected are addressed. The most common data analysis techniques for vehicle stops are offered, including an evaluation of common benchmarking techniques and their ability to measure at‐risk drivers. Vehicle stop outcome analyses are also discussed, including multivariate analyses and the outcome test. Within this summary, strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are explored.FindingsIn summarizing these approaches, a body of best practices in vehicle stop data collection and analysis is developed.Originality/valueRacial profiling continues to be a contentious issue for law enforcement and the community. A considerable body of research has developed to assess the prevalence of racial profiling. This article offers social scientists and practitioners a comprehensive, succinct, peer‐reviewed summary of the best practices in vehicle stop data collection and analysis.
Betwixt and between: the perceived legitimacy of campus police
Authors: Wada James C. , Patten Ryan , Candela Kimberlee 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe literature on campus police (CP) is not as developed as mainstream or municipal police (MP). While there are several studies discussing the perception of CP, there are, however, no empirical studies investigating the perception of CP based on their legitimacy. Through the theoretical framework of liminality, this paper aims to address the literature gap by examining the perceived legitimacy of CP compared to MP.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through the use of survey instruments distributed among 593 college undergraduates at a doctoral extensive land grant institution in the Pacific Northwest. Since the purpose of the study was to determine student perceptions of legitimacy between MP and CP, two surveys were utilized to capture those perceptions, one for each police group respectively. The two sets of surveys were equally administered in each selected class.FindingsThrough the framework of liminality, this research demonstrates the marginalization of CP as sworn law enforcement officers, especially when compared to their MP counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsAs this is the first study addressing the perceived legitimacy of the CP there needs to be further research in this area before substantial conclusions can be reached. Future research in this area should address the opinions of minority students, faculty and staff. Additionally, CP and MP officers themselves should be assessed to determine any potential legitimacy concerns based on perception.Originality/valueThe theoretical framework reveals that the CP are trapped in a liminal state and are unable to transition into perceived legitimate police officers.
Beyond “flavor of the month” Institutionalizing problem‐oriented policing (POP) in the CMPD
Authors: Eric Ikerd Trent 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe process of institutionalizing police reform has been relatively ignored in the policing literature. Owing to this, there is no established framework for institutionalizing police reform. This article seeks to add to the knowledge regarding the institutionalization of police reform by presenting the results from a study that examined the institutionalization of problem‐oriented policing (POP) in the CMPD.Design/methodology/approachThe research was guided by the limited amount of organizational change in policing research and the limited amount of organizational development literature pertaining to institutionalization. The research utilized captain interviews and rank‐and‐file surveys to determine officer knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes towards POP in the CMPD. The CMPD's policies, procedures, and practices pertaining to POP were also outlined.FindingsIt was found that POP has become institutionalized in the CMPD. POP principles are evident in the captain's culture, rank‐and‐file's culture, and the policy and procedure of the CMPD.Practical implicationsThe study puts forth a framework for assessing and institutionalizing police reform that other departments can test and utilize in their efforts to institutionalize police reform.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first to examine the institutionalization process of police reform. A framework is put forth to assess and aid in other police departments' efforts to institutionalize police reforms.
Explaining the macro‐economy and retail real estate sector dynamic interaction between prime and suburban retail real estate sectors
Authors: Hin David Ho Kim , bin Ibrahim Muhammad Faishal 
Published: March 2010

PurposeFrom the perspective of the macro‐economy and real estate sector interaction, this paper aims to examine the maturing prime retail real estate sector versus the developing suburban retail real estate sector.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a highly specific dynamic computable general equilibrium model under system dynamics programming to structure the resulting system complexity within the context of Singapore.FindingsEx post and ex ante model estimations find that the suburban retail real estate sector is on the whole more susceptible to gross domestic product (GDP) growth policy that affects both GDP expansion and retail rents in actual and expectation terms as well as returns.Research limitations/implicationsThe DCGE model ex ante estimations for the planned scenarios, under low or high GDP growth for the prime and suburban retail real estate sectors, enhances understanding of structural factors and dynamic interaction in the maturation phase of the prime retail real estate sector in Singapore.Practical implicationsIn comparison, Singapore's suburban retail real estate sector is found to be in a developing phase.Originality/valueThere is limited local research on the underlying relationship between the economy and the retail real estate sector, although Singapore's retail sector and retail real estate sector form an integral part of sustainable economic expansion.
Legal framework for collective sale of real estate in Singapore
Authors: Christudason Alice 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the profile and differing perspectives of strata owners (subsidiary proprietors) involved in collective sales in Singapore. It aims to examine their position within Singapore's legal framework, and consider the repercussions of the power‐play between them.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises legislation and case‐law to reveal the problematic aspects of the collective sale process through majority rule. Similar legislation exists in Hong Kong, South Korea and Taipei. Data on collective sales from real estate information systems and property analysts are also utilised.FindingsThe findings reveal the dichotomy of concerns between different groups of subsidiary proprietors, namely the owner‐occupiers and property investors. This causes delay and acrimony which characterise many collective sale exercises. This is fuelled by a lack of differentiation in the voting rights of the different groups of subsidiary proprietors. However, Parliament and the Courts have been dynamic and sensitive in seeking to strike a balance between the legitimate concerns of both groups.Originality/valueThe findings assist both groups of subsidiary proprietors to be more alert about the pitfalls and profits in a collective sale. Policy makers in other jurisdictions can learn from Singapore's experience of the collectives sale phenomenon as an avenue for urban renewal. It provides insights to the multiple issues which arise when majority rule can dictate the trajectory of collective sales.
Permanent and temporary retail space: shoppers' perceptions of in‐line stores and retail carts in Singapore
Authors: Faishal Ibrahim Muhammad , Peow Chua Chung 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe unconventional concept of leasing temporary retail space has taken the retailing world by storm in the past decade. In addition to permanent retail space (in‐line stores), many shopping centre management staff have leased temporary retail space as a form of maximizing the net lettable area of the shopping malls, thus hoping to reap better returns for the real estate investors. Using Singapore as the study area, this paper aims to investigate shoppers' perceptions of in‐line stores (permanent retail space) and comparing them to their perceptions of retail carts (temporary retail space) in shopping centres.Design/methodology/approachTo examine shoppers' perceptions of in‐line stores and retail carts, the paper adopts a mixed method sequential design by way of qualitative/quantitative sequence.FindingsIn terms of image structures, in‐line stores and retail carts share three common image dimensions, namely, “atmosphere”, “variety of product” and “service quality”. In‐line stores recorded an additional factor, “value”. However, the shoppers displayed better perception ratings towards all retail space attributes and factors of in‐line stores relative to that of the retail carts. In addition, the data also revealed that age of the shoppers has a direct influence on shoppers' perceptions of retail carts and in‐line stores.Originality/valueThe findings not only add to the current retail literature, but will also aid retail industry players in improving their marketing and overall tenant‐mix structures for more successful leasing strategies. This will maximize the usage of retail real estate space that may in turn result in higher returns for real estate investors.
Collective sales and related valuation issues: a Singapore case study
Authors: Yuan Lim Lan 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe sale of a strata titled development collectively by individual owners is a unique experience in Singapore's real estate industry. This collective sale process is legislated by law, which allows dilapidated developments to be redeveloped to take advantage of the site potential. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the nature of strata titled developments, the collective sale process and the various valuation issues encountered.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is adopted to illustrate the mechanics and the difficulties involved in the collective sale process. The different methods of valuation used to arrive at a fair distribution of the sale proceeds are illustrated.FindingsThe study reveals the appropriate methods of distribution of sales proceeds to be used under different circumstances. A few managerial implications arise from the study. These include the need to adopt a fair and reasonable attitude when approaching collective sales and to be in touch with the property market and the target market in order to arrive at a reasonable distribution method of the sale proceeds in order to satisfy the various stakeholders in the development.Originality/valueThe study provides an overall framework on how future collective sales in Singapore can be successfully conducted.
The network neutrality inquiry
Authors: Carter Donahue Hugh 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe article addresses the FCC Network Neutrality Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to clarify its importance, timeliness and concerns in relation to Commission market administration and industrial rationalization duties and obligations. It notes industry rivalry, proposed regulatory policy concerning managed services and non‐discriminatory network administration, and voluntary and mandatory Network Neutrality standards.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides and analysis of the FCC Notice.FindingsThe article notices the FCC's approach to “non‐discriminatory” conduct as a feasible public policy, which could stimulate innovation and investment. It specifies fruitful areas for Network Neutrality public policy.Originality/valueThe article concisely evaluates a major FCC initiative.
Trinko and mandated access to the internet
Authors: Meisel John B. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify five lessons of the Trinko decision and apply them to internet access issues.Design/methodology/approachThe research identifies five lessons and then relates these lessons to access issues involving the internet.FindingsBased on application of the lessons of Trinko, it is likely that access to the public internet will be maintained but it is uncertain as to what the nature of access requirements will be, if any, for private internets.Originality/valueThe research provides an economic analysis of the milestone legal decision in Trinko and applies the lessons of Trinko to access issues involving the internet.
Telecommunications after competition: challenges, institutions, regulation
Authors: Levin Stanford , Schmidt Stephen 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore the remaining aspects of telecommunications service that might require continued economic and technical regulation even after competition is present to the maximum extent feasible. The paper further explores the regulatory institutions and practices that will best accomplish this required regulation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper evaluates the traditional choices between a sector‐specific regulator and a competition authority, as well as ex post and ex ante regulation. In addition, the paper evaluates less traditional methods of regulation including laws of general application, such as consumer protection laws, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and self‐regulation. The characteristics of each of these means of regulation are identified, and, following a set of principles, the regulatory institutions and practices are matched to the areas of telecommunications requiring regulation.FindingsThe paper identifies five areas of telecommunications that will likely require continuing regulation and matches a regulatory institution or practice to each of the five areas of regulation. These five areas are retail regulation of local services in rural and remote areas with insufficient competition for forbearance, interconnection of competing networks and essential facilities, duty to serve (carrier of last resort and obligation to serve), subsidies for high‐cost or low‐income customers, and social regulation such as emergency service and message relay obligations.Originality/valuePrevious studies have not focused on the need for continuing regulation after competition develops to the maximum extent feasible. Also, studies typically consider the limited framework of a sector‐specific regulator or a competition authority and do not consider the other regulatory options or institutions available.
Broadband infrastructure investment in stimulus packages: relevance for developing countries
Authors: Zhen‐Wei Qiang Christine 
Published: March 2010

PurposeReviewing a dozen of fiscal stimulus packages in developed countries, this paper analyzes one common strategy that has found widespread support in these stimulus packages and its relevance for developing countries: investing in broadband and next‐generation networks, as a counter‐cyclical tool to create jobs and provide the foundation for economic recovery and long‐term sustained growth.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at the various impacts broadband investment is expected to have: short‐term job creation and aggregate demand effects, and long‐term productive activities in other sectors of the economy. Moreover, broadband investment is more fiscally sound than other public spending stimulus options, in the sense of coming closer to, or in some cases actually being, self‐financing.FindingsSeveral factors highlight the potential of broadband infrastructure as an important area of public investment during economic downturn, an option also open to policymakers in developing countries. Spending initiatives on next‐generation telecommunications networks at a time when labor market conditions are particularly weak can help preserve jobs and head off a potential burden on social safety nets. Bringing forward longer‐term aggregate spillover effects of broadband can improve the productivity of the entire economy and is consistent with enhancing longer‐run growth and development. Public support also “crowds in” private investment when access to private financing is decreasing and more expensive.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies with a focus on the emerging broadband network, its impact on economy and the role of the public sector in rolling out next‐generation networks, during economic downturn and in general. A detailed summary of broadband initiatives in more than a dozen developed countries is provided in the paper.