bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un Excerptum del Quod Animi Mores di Galeno trascritto da Poliziano (clm 807, ff. 74v–75v). Edizione, traduzione e commento
Authors: Savino Christina 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Among the witnesses of Galen’s Quod animi mores has been not yet employed the excerptum contained in the miscellaneous codex of Munich Clm 807, written in 1491 by the well-known humanist Angelo Poliziano. This excerptum seems to depend on the same model as the 1525 editio princeps, the so–called Aldina, which is currently supposed to be lost. It thus represents the only instrument of control for this traditional branch as well as a precious witness to the interest aroused by this Galen’s work and its circulation among classical scholars in the Renaissance Italy. This article provides a critical edition of the excerptum, including with identification, translation and commentary.
Homère dans la rhétorique latine: l’exemple du de eloquentia et du de orationibus de Fronton
Authors: Méthy Nicole 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Seven mentions of Homer, Homeric characters or passages are contained in Fronto’s De orationibus and his five letters known as De eloquentia. Although these references might seem surprising in rhetorical texts, they form in fact a rather coherent corpus which features the famous epic poet in a singular fashion. His poems are however neither quoted nor commented upon at length. On the contrary the references are closely related to Fronto’s aims and thoughts and the poet as represented is different from both the actual and the traditional Homer. He is deprived of his own characteristics and becomes a rhetor and one of the most important orators. He is thus to be considered and followed by someone trying to define which is the best oratorical style in general and the best type of eloquence for an emperor in particular. Even if this sort of metamorphosis is not without precedent in Latin literature and oratory, the Frontonian Homer, whose perfect style is a model of purity and naturalness, is a new Homer reflecting a second-century rhetorician’s thinking.
Cell Polarization and Cytokinesis in Budding Yeast
Authors: Bi Erfei , Park Hay-Oak 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Asymmetric cell division, which includes cell polarization and cytokinesis, is essential for generating cell diversity during development. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reproduces by asymmetric cell division, and has thus served as an attractive model for unraveling the general principles of eukaryotic cell polarization and cytokinesis. Polarity development requires G-protein signaling, cytoskeletal polarization, and exocytosis, whereas cytokinesis requires concerted actions of a contractile actomyosin ring and targeted membrane deposition. In this chapter, we discuss the mechanics and spatial control of polarity development and cytokinesis, emphasizing the key concepts, mechanisms, and emerging questions in the field.
Thin-Film Phototransistor with nc-Si:H/a-Si:H Bilayer Channel
Authors: Vygranenko Y. , Sazonov A. , Fernandes M. , Vieira M. , Nathan A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThere is significant interest in optical sensors whose fabrication process is fully compatible with existing flat panel display thin film transistor (TFT) technology. Here, we report a field-effect phototransistor with a channel comprising a thin nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) transport layer and a thicker hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) absorption layer. The implementation of nc-Si:H layer improves device stability in comparison with a-Si:H phototransistors, resulting in reduced threshold voltage shift. Semiconductor and dielectric layers were deposited by radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 280°C. The device characterization included the dark and light transfer characteristics, spectral-response and dynamic measurements. The external quantum efficiency was measured as a function of incident photon flux at different biasing conditions. The phototransistor with channel length of 24 microns and photosensitive area of 1.4 mm2shows an off-current of about 1 pA, and photo-conductive gain up to 200 at low incident intensities. Thus, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the phototransistor for low light level detection.
Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in the Mammography Era
Authors: Chatterjee Neal A. , He Yulei , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We assessed racial differences in breast cancer mortality by stage at diagnosis, since mammography became available.Methods. We calculated adjusted odds of distant (versus local or regional) tumors for 143 249 White and 13 571 Black women aged 50 to 69 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between 1982 and 2007 and living in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results region. We compared linear trends in stage at diagnosis before and after 1998.Results. Distant-stage cancer was diagnosed in 5.8% of White and 10.2% of Black participants. The Black–White disparity in distant tumors narrowed until 1998 (1998 adjusted difference = 0.65%), before increasing. Between 1982 and 1997, the proportion of distant tumors decreased for Blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]/y = 0.973; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.960, 0.987) and Whites (AOR/y = 0.978; 95% CI = 0.973, 0.983), with no racial differences (P = .47). From 1998 to 2007, the odds of distant versus local or regional tumors increased for Blacks (AOR/y = 1.036; 95% CI = 1.013, 1.060) and Whites (AOR/y = 1.011; 95% CI = 1.002, 1.021); the rate of increase was greater for Blacks than Whites (P = .04).Conclusions. In the mammography era, racial disparities remain in stage at diagnosis.
Impact of Health Insurance on Health Care Treatment and Cost in Vietnam: A Health Capability Approach to Financial Protection
Authors: Nguyen Kim Thuy , Khuat Oanh Thi Hai , Ma Shuangge , Pham Duc Cuong , Khuat Giang Thi Hong , Ruger Jennifer Prah 
Published: June 2012

We applied an alternative conceptual framework for analyzing health insurance and financial protection grounded in the health capability paradigm. Through an original survey of 706 households in Dai Dong, Vietnam, we examined the impact of Vietnamese health insurance schemes on inpatient and outpatient health care access, costs, and health outcomes using bivariate and multivariable regression analyses. Insured respondents had lower outpatient and inpatient treatment costs and longer hospital stays but fewer days of missed work or school than the uninsured. Insurance reform reduced household vulnerability to high health care costs through direct reduction of medical costs and indirect reduction of income lost to illness. However, from a normative perspective, out-of-pocket costs are still too high, and accessibility issues persist; a comprehensive insurance package and additional health system reforms are needed.
Aging, Climate Change, and Legacy Thinking
Authors: Frumkin Howard , Fried Linda , Moody Rick 
Published: June 2012

Climate change is a complex, long-term public health challenge. Older people are especially susceptible to certain climate change impacts, such as heat waves.We suggest that older people may be a resource for addressing climate change because of their concern for legacy—for leaving behind values, attitudes, and an intact world to their children and grandchildren. We review the theoretical basis for “legacy thinking” among older people. We offer suggestions for research on this phenomenon, and for action to strengthen the sense of legacy.At a time when older populations are growing, understanding and promoting legacy thinking may offer an important strategy for addressing climate change.
Implant Site Development by Orthodontic Forced Eruption of Nontreatable Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Rokn Amir Reza , Saffarpour Anna , Sadrimanesh Rouzbeh , Iranparvar Kaveh , Saffarpour Aida , Mahmoudzadeh Majid , Soolari Ahmad 
Published: June 2012

Background:Loss of bone and soft tissue attachment are common sequelae of periodontitis that may jeopardize the aesthetic outcome and compromise the functional and aesthetic outcomes of treatment. The following case report describes one of the most predictable techniques of vertical ridge augmentation, which is orthodontic extrusion or forced eruption of hopeless teeth.Method:A 34-year-old woman who presented with severe attachment loss and deep pockets was diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis. The mobile maxillary incisors were consequently extracted and were replaced with dental implants. However, prior to extraction, orthodontic extrusion of the hopeless incisors was performed to correct vertical ridge defects. Following extrusion and extraction of the maxillary incisors, to prevent soft tissue collapse and to preserve the papillae during socket healing, the crowns of the extracted teeth were used as pontics on a removable partial provisional denture. After 8 weeks, the implants were placed, and an immediate functional restoration was delivered. After 4 months of healing, a fixed definitive partial prosthesis was fabricated and delivered.Result:After periodontal treatment, over a 2-year period, the progression of aggressive periodontitis was controlled. The mean vertical movement of marginal bone was 3.6 mm. The use of the crowns of extracted teeth appears to be an effective method to maintain papillae.Conclusions:Orthodontic extrusion is a predictable method for the correction of vertical ridge defects. Orthodontic treatment does not aggravate or hasten the progression of aggressive periodontitis.
Increased Mortality of Patients With Diabetes Reporting Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: McCoy Rozalina G. , Van Houten Holly K. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Shah Nilay D. , Wermers Robert A. , Smith Steven A. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia is a cause of significant morbidity among patients with diabetes and may be associated with greater risk of death. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether patient self-report of severe hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adult patients (N = 1,020) seen in a specialty diabetes clinic between August 2005 and July 2006 were questioned about frequency of hypoglycemia during a preencounter interview; 7 were lost to follow-up and excluded from analysis. Mild hypoglycemia was defined as symptoms managed without assistance, and severe hypoglycemia was defined as symptoms requiring external assistance. Mortality data, demographics, clinical characteristics, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were obtained from the electronic medical record after 5 years. Patients were stratified by self-report of hypoglycemia at baseline, demographics were compared using the two-sample t test, and risk of death was expressed as odds ratio (95% CI). Associations were controlled for age, sex, diabetes type and duration, CCI, HbA1c, and report of severe hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
In total, 1,013 patients with type 1 (21.3%) and type 2 (78.7%) diabetes were questioned about hypoglycemia. Among these, 625 (61.7%) reported any hypoglycemia, and 76 (7.5%) reported severe hypoglycemia. After 5 years, patients who reported severe hypoglycemia had 3.4-fold higher mortality (95% CI 1.5–7.4; P = 0.005) compared with those who reported mild/no hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Self-report of severe hypoglycemia is associated with 3.4-fold increased risk of death. Patient-reported outcomes, including patient-reported hypoglycemia, may therefore augment risk stratification and disease management of patients with diabetes.
Association of Prediabetes and Diabetes With Stroke Symptoms
Authors: Carson April P. , Muntner Paul , Kissela Brett M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , Howard Virginia J. , Meschia James F. , Williams Linda S. , Prineas Ronald J. , Howard George , Safford Monika M. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Stroke symptoms among individuals reporting no physician diagnosis of stroke are associated with an increased risk of future stroke. Few studies have assessed whether individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, but no physician diagnosis of stroke, have an increased prevalence of stroke symptoms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 25,696 individuals aged ≥45 years from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study who reported no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack at baseline (2003–2007). Glucose measurements, medication use, and self-reported physician diagnosis were used to categorize participants into diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glycemia groups. The presence of six stroke symptoms was assessed using a validated questionnaire.

RESULTS
The prevalence of any stroke symptom was higher among participants with diabetes (22.7%) compared with those with prediabetes (15.6%) or normal glycemia (14.9%). In multivariable models, diabetes was associated with any stroke symptom (prevalence odds ratio [POR] 1.28 [95% CI 1.18–1.39]) and two or more stroke symptoms (1.26 [1.12–1.43]) compared with normal glycemia. In analyses of individual stroke symptoms, diabetes was associated with numbness (1.15 [1.03–1.29]), vision loss (1.52 [1.31–1.76]), half-vision loss (1.54 [1.30–1.84]), and lost ability to understand people (1.34 [1.12–1.61]) after multivariable adjustment. No association was present between prediabetes and stroke symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
In this population-based study, almost one in four individuals with diabetes reported stroke symptoms, which suggests that screening for stroke symptoms in diabetes may be warranted.
Effects of Gevokizumab on Glycemia and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cavelti-Weder Claudia , Babians-Brunner Andrea , Keller Cornelia , Stahel Marc A. , Kurz-Levin Malaika , Zayed Hany , Solinger Alan M. , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Dinarello Charles A. , Donath Marc Y. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Metabolic activation of the innate immune system governed by interleukin (IL)-1β contributes to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Gevokizumab is a novel, human-engineered monoclonal anti–IL-1β antibody. We evaluated the safety and biological activity of gevokizumab in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study, a total of 98 patients were randomly assigned to placebo (17 subjects) or gevokizumab (81 subjects) at increasing doses and dosing schedules. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety profile of gevokizumab in type 2 diabetes. The secondary objectives were to assess pharmacokinetics for different dose levels, routes of administration, and regimens and to assess biological activity.

RESULTS
The study drug was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. There was one hypoglycemic event whereupon concomitant insulin treatment had to be reduced. Clearance of gevokizumab was consistent with that for a human IgG2, with a half-life of 22 days. In the combined intermediate-dose group (single doses of 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the mean placebo-corrected decrease in glycated hemoglobin was 0.11, 0.44, and 0.85% after 1, 2 (P = 0.017), and 3 (P = 0.049) months, respectively, along with enhanced C-peptide secretion, increased insulin sensitivity, and a reduction in C-reactive protein and spontaneous and inducible cytokines.

CONCLUSIONS
This novel IL-1β–neutralizing antibody improved glycemia, possibly via restored insulin production and action, and reduced inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This therapeutic agent may be able to be used on a once-every-month or longer schedule.
A Randomized Trial of Two Weight-Based Doses of Insulin Glargine and Glulisine in Hospitalized Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Baldwin David , Zander Jennifer , Munoz Christina , Raghu Preeya , DeLange-Hudec Susan , Lee Hong , Emanuele Mary Ann , Glossop Valerie , Smallwood Kimberly , Molitch Mark 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Renal insufficiency may increase the risk of hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes who are treated with insulin. We randomized inpatients with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal failure to treatment with two different dose levels of insulin glargine and glulisine and studied control of hyperglycemia and the frequency of hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial to compare the efficacy of once-daily glargine and three-times daily glulisine at 0.5 vs. 0.25 units/kg/day. A total of 107 subjects had type 2 diabetes for &gt;1 year, had a glomerular filtration rate &lt;45 mL/min but did not require dialysis, and had an initial blood glucose (BG) &gt;180 mg/dL. Doses were adjusted based on four-times daily BG measurements for 6 days.

RESULTS
Mean BG on the first day was 196 ± 71 mg/dL in the group receiving 0.5 units/kg (0.5 group) and 197 ± 55 mg/dL in the group receiving 0.25 units/kg (0.25 group; P = 0.94). On days 2 to 6, mean BG was 174 ± 52 mg/dL in the 0.5 group and 174 ± 46 mg/dL in the 0.25 group (P = 0.96). There were no significant differences between groups in the percentage of BG values within the target range of 100 to 180 mg/dL on any of the 6 study days. In the 0.5 group, 30% experienced hypoglycemia (BG &lt;70 mg/dL) compared with 15.8% of the 0.25 group (P = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of initial glargine/glulisine insulin weight-based dosing in hospitalized patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency reduced the frequency of hypoglycemia by 50% without compromising the control of hyperglycemia.
Obliteration of a metameric spinal arteriovenous malformation (Cobb syndrome) using combined endovascular embolization and surgical excision
Authors: Schirmer Clemens M. , Hwang Steven W. , Riesenburger Ron I. , Choi In Sup , David Carlos A. 
Published: June 2012

Cobb syndrome represents the concurrent findings of a metameric spinal vascular malformation and a cutaneous vascular malformation within several dermatomes of each other. This rare entity engenders many difficult decisions with respect to appropriate therapeutic management. Historically, surgical excision carried a high morbidity, and conservative management without intervention was preferred. More recently, several cases of endovascular embolization have been reported with good success.
The authors describe the case of a 17-year-old boy who presented with a right gluteal angioma and was found to have a spinal arteriovenous malformation. Multiple embolizations failed to prevent neurological deterioration, and the patient eventually became wheelchair dependent. Surgical excision of the malformation led to partial recovery of neurological function, and at the latest follow-up, 52 months postoperatively, the patient was able to ambulate independently. This case demonstrates the successful treatment of a patient with Cobb syndrome with surgical excision after multiple refractory embolizations. A multidisciplinary approach, which balances the patient's current neurological function against the risks and potential gains from any interventional and surgical procedure, is recommended.
Hyponatremia following endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a report of 5 cases and analysis of risk factors
Authors: Lang Shih-Shan , Bauman Joel A. , Aversano Michael W. , Sanborn Matthew R. , Vossough Arastoo , Heuer Gregory G. , Storm Phillip B. 
Published: June 2012

Object
Electrolyte and endocrinological complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are infrequent but serious events, likely due to transient hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. While the incidence of diabetes insipidus is relatively well known, hyponatremia is not often reported. The authors report on a series of 5 patients with post-ETV hyponatremia.

Methods
The records of patients undergoing ETV between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed. All ETVs were performed with a rigid neuroendoscope via a frontal bur hole, standard third ventricle floor blunt perforation, Fogarty catheter dilation, and intermittent normal saline irrigation. Postoperative MR images were evaluated for endoscope tract injury as well as the trajectory from the bur hole center to the fenestration site.

Results
Thirty-two patients (20 male and 12 female) underwent ETV. Their median age was 6 years (range 3 weeks–28 years). Hydrocephalus was most commonly due to nontumoral aqueductal stenosis (43%), nontectal tumor (25%), or tectal glioma (13%). Five patients (16%) had multicystic/loculated hydrocephalus. Five patients (16%) developed hyponatremia between 1 and 8 days following ETV, including 2 patients with seizures (1 of whom was still hospitalized at the time of the seizure and 1 of whom was readmitted as a result of the seizure) and 3 patients who were readmitted because of decline in their condition following routine discharge. No hypothalamic injuries were noted on imaging. Univariate risk factors consisted of age of 2 years or less (p = 0.02), presence of cystic lesions (p = 0.02), and ETV trajectory angle 10° or more from perpendicular (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a well-tolerated procedure but can result in serious complications. Hyponatremia is rare and may be more likely in younger patients or those with cystic loculations. Patients with altered craniometry may be at particular risk with a rigid endoscopic approach requiring greater manipulation of subforniceal or hypothalamic structures.
Retinoic Acid Attenuates Rheumatoid Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Kwok Seung-Ki , Park Mi-Kyung , Cho Mi-La , Oh Hye-Jwa , Park Eun-Mi , Lee Dong-Gun , Lee Jennifer , Kim Ho-Youn , Park Sung-Hwan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Retinoic acid is the active vitamin A derivative and is well-known to have diverse immunomodulatory actions. In this study, we investigated the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologic key metabolite of vitamin A, on the development of arthritis and the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which ATRA might have antiarthritic effects in animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; collagen-induced arthritis [CIA] in DBA/1J mice). We showed that treatment with ATRA markedly suppressed the clinical and histologic signs of arthritis in the CIA mice. It reduced the expression of IL-17 in the arthritic joints. Interestingly, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were markedly increased and IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells) were decreased in the spleens of ATRA-treated mice. In vitro treatment with ATRA induced the expression of Foxp3 and repressed the IL-17 expression in the CD4+ T cells in mice. ATRA suppressed the production of total IgG and IgG2a in splenocytes that were stimulated by LPS. It also reduced serum levels of total IgG and IgG2 anti-collagen Abs and germinal center formation in CIA mice. In addition, the ATRA-treated mice showed decreased osteoclast formation in arthritic joints. Moreover, ATRA downregulated the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, the leading player of osteoclastogenesis, in the CD4+ T cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA. Furthermore, ATRA prevented both human monocytes and mice bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophage cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. These data suggest ATRA might be an effective treatment modality for RA patients.
Modelling Trades-Through in a Limit Order Book Using Hawkes Processes
Authors: Toke Ioane Muni , Pomponio Fabrizio 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The authors model trades-through, i.e. transactions that reach at least the second level of limit orders in an order book. Using tick-by-tick data on Euronext-traded stocks, they show that a simple bivariate Hawkes process fits nicely their empirical observations of tradesthrough. The authors show that the cross-influence of bid and ask trades-through is weak.