bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic policy‐driven quality of service in service‐oriented information management systems
Authors: Loyall Joseph P. , Gillen Matthew , Paulos Aaron , Bunch Larry , Carvalho Marco , Edmondson James , Schmidt Douglas C. , Martignoni III Andrew , Sinclair Asher 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYSOA middleware has emerged as a powerful and popular distributed computing paradigm because of its high‐level abstractions for composing systems and encapsulating platform‐level details and complexities. Control of some details encapsulated by SOA middleware is necessary, however, to provide managed QoS for SOA systems that require predictable performance and behavior. This paper presents a policy‐driven approach for managing QoS in SOA systems called QoS enabled dissemination (QED). QED includes services for: (1) specifying and enforcing the QoS preferences of individual clients; (2) mediating and aggregating QoS management on behalf of competing users; and (3) shaping information exchange to improve real‐time performance. We describe QED's QoS services and mechanisms in the context of managing QoS for a set of Publish‐Subscribe‐Query information management services. These services provide a representative case study in which CPU and network bottlenecks can occur, client QoS preferences can conflict, and system‐level QoS requirements are based on higher level, aggregate end‐to‐end goals. We also discuss the design of several key QoS services and describe how QED's policy‐driven approach bridges users to the underlying middleware and enables QoS control based on rich and meaningful context descriptions, including users, data types, client preferences, and information characteristics. In addition, we present experimental results that quantify the improved control, differentiation, and client‐level QoS enabled by QED. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel allocation and reallocation for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Jiang Tigang , Wang Honggang , Leng Supeng 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new channel allocation and re‐location scheme is proposed for cognitive radio users to efficiently utilize available spectrums. We also present a multiple‐dimension Markov analytical chain to evaluate the performance of this scheme. Both analytical results and simulation results demonstrate that the new scheme can enhance the radio system performance significantly in terms of blocking probability, dropping probability, and throughput of second users. The proposed scheme can work as a non‐server‐based channel allocation, which has practical values in real engineering design. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic event‐triggered call‐forwarding mechanism for mobile phones
Authors: Lin Yi‐Bing , Liou Ren‐Huang , Chen Yuan‐Kai , Wu Zheng‐Han 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTCall forwarding is a traditional telecom service that allows a user to forward incoming calls to another telephone number. This service requires the user to manually activate and deactivate the feature and therefore may not be very convenient. This paper proposes an automatic call‐forwarding algorithm (CFA) for mobile phones. By installing a software in a smartphone, call forwarding is automatically triggered (e.g., when the phone is plugged in a charger or is turned off) or disabled (e.g., when the phone is unplugged from the charger or is turned on). We investigate the performance of the CFA through analytic analysis, simulation, and measurement. Our study indicates that CFA is very feasible for commercial usage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistent soil seed banks in old‐growth Hyrcanian Box tree (Buxus hyrcana) stands in northern Iran
Authors: Asadi Hamed , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Esmailzadeh Omid , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLittle is known about the soil seed bank and the influence of plant communities on the interaction between the seed bank and aboveground vegetation in the Hyrcanian temperate deciduous forest. We surveyed species composition and diversity of the persistent soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation in six community types in old‐growth Hyrcanian Box tree (Buxushyrcana) stands in northern Iran. Fifty‐two species with an average of 3,808 seeds/spores m−2germinated; forbs accounted for 64% of the seed bank flora. Thirty‐four species in the aboveground vegetation were not presented in the seed bank, 32 species in the seed bank were not found in the vegetation, and 20 species were in both. The dominant tree species wereDiospyros lotusandAlnus subcordatawith an average of 17 and 4.6 seeds m−2, respectively. Our results suggest that (1) vernal geophytes and shade‐tolerant perennials are not incorporated in the seed bank, (2) early successional species are well represented in the seed bank, (3) plant community type has significant impacts on seed bank densities, and seed bank richness and diversity were significantly related to presence/absence of Box tree in the aboveground vegetation. The persistent seed bank contained species that potentially have a negative impact on the regeneration of forests, thus forest managers should retain old‐growth Hyrcanian Box tree stands to conserve disturbance‐sensitive indicator forest species.
Family structure, time constraints, and sport participation
Authors: Ruseski Jane E. , Humphreys Brad R. , Hallmann Kirstin , Breuer Christoph 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Recent research emphasizes the importance of economic factors on sport participation. We extend this by examining the role played by time constraints and family structure in survey data from Rheinberg, Germany. Based on empirical models that account for the two-part decision—the decision to participate and the decision about how long to participate—involved, we find that time constraints in the form of time spent caring for children and relatives and family structure in the form of the presence of children reduce both the likelihood that individuals participate and the time spent taking part in sports.
Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Monofluoroalkyl Phosphate Surfactants
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Zhang Shuxiang , Geng Bing , Zhang Luqing , Zhao Junqiang , Shi Jinhui 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTwo novel environmentally friendly fluorinated surfactants, disodium monofluoroalkyl phosphates were synthesized using phosphorus pentoxide, i.e. H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2 and H(CF2)6CH2OCH2CH2OPO(ONa)2. The novel synthesized fluorinated surfactants have a high thermal stability on the basis of Thermogravimetric Analysis. Their surface properties were also examined with the aim to have similar surface tensions of dilute aqueous solutions when compared with the conventional fluorocarbon surfactants, ammonium perfluorooctanoate. The two synthesized monofluoroalkyl phosphates can respectively reduce the surface tension of water to 23.73 mN/m at 78.3 mmol/L and 21.38 mN/m at 20.93 mmol/L. In addition, the Krafft points are both below 0 °C.
A Comparative Study of the Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality in Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients Treated with Cemented and Uncemented Thompson Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Gowtham Kankanala , Gubbi Shivarathre Deepak , Prasad Pidikiti 
Published: July 2011

Background Thompson hip hemiarthroplasty is a well-established procedure for the treatment of displaced intracapsular fracture neck of femur in the elderly. However, considerable debate exists regarding the use of cemented prosthesis in this elderly group of patients. The main purpose of our study was to analyse the outcomes following cemented and uncemented Thompson hemiarthroplasty of the hip with particular reference to cement-related morbidity and 30-day mortality. Methods Of the 110 patients who underwent Thompson hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular hip fracture, 30 (27.3%) had cemented and 80 (72.7%) had uncemented prosthesis. The mean age was 83.2 years with 87 female patients. The thigh pain and mobility at discharge, the inpatient complications and the 30-day mortality rates were compared between the cemented and uncemented groups. Results The study revealed no statistically significant differences in any of the postoperative outcome measures between the two groups. Conclusion Cemented and uncemented Thompson hip hemiarthroplasty have similar outcomes at discharge. Patients who underwent cementation without pressurisation did not show any higher incidence of bone cement implantation syndrome compared to their uncemented counterparts. Uncemented Thompson hemiarthroplasty can be an option in patients with very poor cardiopulmonary reserve without any significant complications in the short term.
Management of Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults Younger than 65 Years
Authors: Irene Lo , Siu-Bon Woo , Wai-Lam Chan , Wing-Cheung Wong 
Published: July 2011

Purpose The study is to review the results of intracapsular femoral neck fractures in young adults (age < 65) treated with reduction and multiple-screw fixation from 2000 to 2007. Method Sixty-four consecutive patients were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of the patients at the time of injury was 53.5 (32–65) years old. All fractures were either closely or openly reduced and fixed with three 7.5-mm cancellous screws. The mean follow up period was 36.8 months (6–100). Results We found that 9 of 64 (14.1%) patients developed osteonecrosis of femoral head on follow up. Displacement of fracture (Garden classification), initial stability of fracture pattern (Pauwel classification), and quality of reduction (Haidukewych grading) were found to have significant effect on the development of osteonecrosis, whereas the effect of patient age, time lapse of surgery, capsulotomy, hip aspiration, and postoperative weight bearing regimen were not statistically significant. Conclusion Fracture pattern and quality of reduction govern the fate of the femoral heads in young adults with their intracapsular femoral neck fractures fixed with screws.
Ultrasound Measurement of Transversus Abdominis During Loaded, Functional Tasks in Asymptomatic Individuals: Rater Reliability
Authors: Watson Todd , McPherson Sue , Fleeman Sherry 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo examine the ability of 2 clinicians to consistently measure recorded contractions of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle via ultrasound imaging (USI) during lifting and reaching tasks typical of everyday or work‐related activities.DesignMethodologic survey that measured inter‐ and intrarater reliability.SettingUniversity laboratory.ParticipantsA subset of 54 cine‐loop images that were randomly selected from 6 randomly selected asymptomatic adults from a larger study that consisted of a sample of convenience of 20 asymptomatic adults, with a mean (SD) age of 18.8 ± 2.5 years and mean (SD) body mass index of 25.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2.Main Outcome MeasuresThickness changes in the TrA muscle at rest and during contraction while performing 5 functional, loaded tasks. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to estimate reliability. ICC model 2,1 was used for all reliability analyses on 3 TrA muscle measures: minimum thickness, maximum thickness, and percentage change in muscle thickness. Percentage thickness change of TrA muscle was calculated as ([thicknessmax − thicknessmin]/thicknessmin) × 100.ResultsTwo clinicians both scored 9 trials of 6 randomly selected participants (54 cine loops). Rater 1 scored these images again 28 days later. All image information (participant, trial, task, and testing session) was masked. Interrater ICC (2,1) for TrA muscle measures were moderate (0.71 rested state, 0.83 contracted state, 0.81 percentage change of muscle thickness); and high for intrarater ICC (2,1) (0.97 rested state, 0.99 contracted state, and 0.95% change in muscle thickness).ConclusionThis study provides data for ensuring acceptable reliability of USI measures of TrA muscle thickness and thickness changes taken during loaded and functional activities. This study is the first to examine interrater and intrarater reliability of recorded cine loop images of asymptomatic adults in upright positions on 3 measures of TrA muscle activation (minimum, maximum, and percent change in muscle thickness). Reliable USI measures of TrA muscle thickness changes meet the ongoing need for clinicians' knowledge of proper and sufficiently adequate muscle activation in the clinical setting to assist progression of lumbar stabilization exercises.
The quality of school lunch consumed reflects overall eating patterns in 11–16-year-old schoolchildren in Finland
Authors: Tilles-Tirkkonen Tanja , Pentikäinen Saara , Lappi Jenni , Karhunen Leila , Poutanen Kaisa , Mykkänen Hannu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how the quality of school lunch consumed reflected overall eating patterns in school-aged children.DesignChildren filled in an Internet-based questionnaire about their eating patterns. The children were then divided into balanced and imbalanced school lunch eaters on the basis of their responses in the questionnaire. A balanced school lunch consisted of, by the definition used in the present study, a main dish, salad and bread.SettingEleven primary schools and one middle school in eastern Finland.SubjectsA total of 531 schoolchildren (247 boys and 284 girls) aged 11–16 years.ResultsThe school lunch was balanced in 46·5 % of children. Eating a balanced school lunch was associated with overall healthier eating patterns outside school. Children who ate a balanced school lunch had more regular meal times and consumed healthier snacks. They ate fruit or berries and vegetables, dairy products and wholegrain foods more often, consumed fewer salty snacks, pizzas, meat pies and drank fewer soft drinks and energy drinks. Their eating patterns at home were also healthier, with vegetables being offered at every family dinner and fruit being offered daily, whereas soft drinks were offered seldom.ConclusionsThe choices made by children in their school lunch reflect the overall eating patterns among school-aged children. Eating a balanced school lunch is associated with more regular meal patterns, the availability of healthier foods at home and an overall healthier diet, suggesting that healthy eating patterns are learnt at home.
Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program
Authors: Tavares Letícia Ferreira , Fonseca Sandra Costa , Garcia Rosa Maria Luiza , Yokoo Edna Massae 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association between food intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignCross-sectional design conducted from July 2006 to December 2007.SettingAdolescents assisted by the Family Doctor Program (FDP) in Niterói, a metropolitan area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.SubjectsSurvey of 210 adolescents. Individuals with three or more of the following components of MetS were classified as having this syndrome: TAG ≥ 110 mg/dl; HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dl for girls aged 12–19 years and boys aged 12–14 years or <45 mg/dl for boys aged 15–19 years; waist circumference ≥75th percentile; serum glucose >100 mg/dl; and blood pressure ≥90th percentile. A semi-quantitative FFQ was used, and foods were grouped as: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (Group 2) and ultra-processed foods (Group 3). The associations between food consumption and MetS were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and family history covariates and were estimated using generalized estimation equations with the Poisson regression model.ResultsMetS was diagnosed in 6·7 % of the adolescents; the most frequent diagnostic criteria included the reduction of HDL cholesterol (46·7 %), elevated serum glucose (17·1 %) and the elevation of waist circumference (16·7 %). Crude analysis showed higher average daily intakes of energy, carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods among adolescents with MetS. After statistical adjustment, the intake of ultra-processed foods (≥3rd quartile) remained associated with MetS (prevalence ratio = 2·5; P = 0·012).ConclusionsHigh consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with the prevalence of MetS in this adolescents group.
Endogeic earthworms shape bacterial functional communities and affect organic matter mineralization in a tropical soil
Authors: Bernard Laetitia , Chapuis-Lardy Lydie , Razafimbelo Tantely , Razafindrakoto Malalatiana , Pablo Anne-Laure , Legname Elvire , Poulain Julie , Brüls Thomas , O'Donohue Michael , Brauman Alain , Chotte Jean-Luc , Blanchart Eric 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Priming effect (PE) is defined as a stimulation of the mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM) following a supply of fresh organic matter. This process can have important consequences on the fate of SOM and on the management of residues in agricultural soils, especially in tropical regions where soil fertility is essentially based on the management of organic matter. Earthworms are ecosystem engineers known to affect the dynamics of SOM. Endogeic earthworms ingest large amounts of soil and assimilate a part of organic matter it contains. During gut transit, microorganisms are transported to new substrates and their activity is stimulated by (i) the production of readily assimilable organic matter (mucus) and (ii) the possible presence of fresh organic residues in the ingested soil. The objective of our study was to see (i) whether earthworms impact the PE intensity when a fresh residue is added to a tropical soil and (ii) whether this impact is linked to a stimulation/inhibition of bacterial taxa, and which taxa are affected. A tropical soil from Madagascar was incubated in the laboratory, with a 13C wheat straw residue, in the presence or absence of a peregrine endogeic tropical earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus. Emissions of 12CO2 and 13CO2 were followed during 16 days. The coupling between DNA-SIP (stable isotope probing) and pyrosequencing showed that stimulation of both the mineralization of wheat residues and the PE can be linked to the stimulation of several groups especially belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum.
Abundance and diversity of mucosa-associated hydrogenotrophic microbes in the healthy human colon
Authors: Nava Gerardo M , Carbonero Franck , Croix Jennifer A , Greenberg Eugene , Gaskins H Rex 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Hydrogenotrophic microbiota have a significant impact on colonic health; however, little is known about their diversity and ecology in situ. Here, molecular-based methods and multivariate analyses were used to examine the abundance and diversity of mucosa-associated hydrogenotrophic microbes in 90 biopsies collected from right colon, left colon and rectum of 25 healthy subjects. Functional genes of all three hydrogenotrophic groups were detected in at least one colonic region of all subjects. Methanogenic archaea (MA) constituted approximately one half of the hydrogenotrophic microbiota in each colonic region. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were more abundant than acetogens in right colon, while acetogens were more abundant than SRB in left colon and rectum. MA genotypes exhibited low diversity, whereas SRB genotypes were diverse and generally similar across the three regions within subject but significantly variable among subjects. Multivariate cluster analysis defined subject-specific patterns for the diversity of SRB genotypes; however, neither subject- nor region-specific clusters were observed for the abundance of hydrogenotrophic functional genes. Sequence analyses of functional gene clones revealed that mucosa-associated SRB were phylogenetically related to Desulfovibrio piger, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Bilophila wadsworthia; whereas MA were related to Methanobrevibacter spp., Mb. smithii and the order Methanomicrobiales. Together these data demonstrate for the first time that the human colonic mucosa is persistently colonized by all three groups of hydrogenotrophic microbes, which exhibit segmental and interindividual variation in abundance and diversity.
Characterizing and Predicting Outcomes of Communication Delays in Infants and Toddlers: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Paul Rhea , Roth Froma P. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis article focuses on using currently available data to assist speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in making decisions regarding a child’s eligibility and considerations for recommended “dosage” of early intervention (EI) services.MethodLiterature describing the characteristics of infants and toddlers who are likely recipients of EI services was reviewed.ResultsCurrent literature provides information that can be used to inform clinical decisions for infants and toddlers with established medical conditions, as well as those with risk factors, for oral language, communication, and subsequent literacy disabilities. This information is summarized.ConclusionExtant literature suggests that EI makes a critical difference in the developmental course of communication as well as in other learning domains for children with a variety of established conditions. The literature also provides guidance to SLPs who must evaluate and weigh risk factors for children with less clear eligibility for services.
Guiding Principles and Clinical Applications for Speech-Language Pathology Practice in Early Intervention
Authors: Paul Diane , Roth Froma P. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose
This article describes guiding principles in early intervention (EI) and demonstrates how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can apply these principles to best serve infants and toddlers with communication and related problems and their families.

Method
Four principles guide the implementation of speech-language pathology services. EI services are services that are (a) family centered and culturally and linguistically responsive; (b) developmentally supportive, promoting children’s participation in their natural environments; (c) comprehensive, coordinated, and team based; and (d) based on the highest quality evidence available. Actual clinical scenarios are presented to illustrate each principle.

Results
The four principles provide a framework for the wide range of roles and responsibilities assumed by SLPs in EI: (a) screening/evaluation/assessment, (b) goal setting and intervention, (c) consultation with and education for team members, (d) service coordination, (e) transition planning, and (f) advocacy.

Conclusion
It is critical that families of infants and toddlers who are at risk for, or who have been diagnosed with, communication disorders receive all necessary services and supports. EI services should be tailored to the individual and the changing needs, preferences, and priorities of each family. The earlier services are provided, the more likely is the child’s chance to develop effective communication.
Participation as a Basis for Developing Early Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Wilcox M. Jeanne , Woods Juliann 
Published: July 2011

Purpose
This article describes how participation in activities/routines can be used as a basis for understanding children’s communication and language skills and how that knowledge can be extended to collaborate with families and caregivers to develop meaningful early intervention outcomes.

Method
The approach is centered on children’s use of communication and language skills to participate in typical activities/routines. Implementation of the approach is based on an understanding of children’s performance abilities/disabilities and their use of those abilities to participate in family-identified activities/routines in their natural environments. Discussion and case examples illustrate how communication and language skills can enhance or enable participation in such activities. Family-centered procedures for gathering information about activities/routines from caregivers are described, and strategies for developing outcomes in collaboration with caregivers are presented.

Implications
Participation-based outcomes offer speech-language pathologists an option for embedding skills within important activities/routines, thereby promoting children’s communication and language growth in natural contexts.