bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Response to Stock Abundance in Exploiting Common-Pool Resources
Authors: Zhang Junjie 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Successful regulation of common-pool resources calls for a better understanding of resource exploitation behavior. This paper introduces an approach that can measure fishermen's responsiveness to stock changes more accurately. In order to deal with the challenge of the latent fish stock, I adopt the method proposed by Zhang and Smith (2011) that derives a stock index from a heterogeneous production function. I use the imputed stock proxy in a count data model that describes fishing trip frequency. By these two steps, I can estimate the stock elasticity of fishing mortality. In the empirical study of the reef-fish fishery in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, I find that the popular method that uses catch rate as a stock proxy significantly underestimates fishermen's responses to stock changes. This result suggests that policy predictions based on the traditional method are overly optimistic.
Are PCAOB-Identified Audit Deficiencies Associated with a Change in Reporting Decisions of Triennially Inspected Audit Firms?
Authors: Gramling Audrey A. , Krishnan Jayanthi , Zhang Yinqi 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
The primary issue we examine is whether PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies are associated with a change in triennially inspected audit firms' going-concern (GC) reporting decisions for their financially distressed clients. Our analysis generally indicates that firms with PCAOB deficiencies were more likely to issue a GC opinion for financially distressed clients subsequent to their PCAOB inspection than prior to their inspection. We also examine the same issue for audit firms with a PCAOB inspection report indicating no audit deficiencies. For these firms, our results provide only limited evidence of a change in the likelihood of issuing a GC opinion, with audit firms becoming more conservative (i.e., greater likelihood of issuing a GC opinion).
Nonaudit Services and Earnings Management in the Pre-SOX and Post-SOX Eras
Authors: Krishnan Jayanthi , Su Lixin (Nancy) , Zhang Yinqi 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Concerns about the impact of auditor-provided nonaudit services (NAS) on auditor independence arise because of (1) auditors' economic dependence on their clients, and (2) some specific types of NAS which the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) argues can harm auditor objectivity. The SEC's prohibition in 2003 of specific kinds of NAS led to a significant decline in NAS between 2000–2001 and 2004–2005. We argue that this decline in observed NAS fees can be used to identify firms that had a greater likelihood of impaired auditor independence in the pre-SOX period. Using discretionary accruals to proxy for earnings management, we find a positive association between discretionary accruals in the pre-SOX era and the subsequent reduction in NAS, but this was confined to income-decreasing accruals. Further, the association between downward earnings management and the decline in NAS was reduced in the post-SOX era.
Effect of Auditor Negotiation Experience and Client Negotiating Style on Auditors' Judgments in an Auditor-Client Negotiation Context
Authors: Fu Honglin , Tan Hun-Tong , Zhang Jixun 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
In this paper, we present the results of an experiment that investigates the effects of two factors—auditors' negotiation experience and client negotiation style—on auditors' perceived ultimate negotiation outcome in terms of an asset impairment writedown. We show that negotiation experience leads to a higher perceived ultimate negotiated writedown for a client with a contentious negotiation style, suggesting that negotiation experience reaps benefits when it is needed most (i.e., when the client is difficult to deal with). Negotiation experience has no effect for a client with a collaborative negotiation style. We also find that the effect of client negotiation style on auditors' perceived negotiation outcome is contingent on the auditors' negotiation experience. Inexperienced auditors perceive a lower ultimate negotiated writedown when dealing with a contentious rather than a collaborative negotiation style client. In contrast, experienced auditors' perceived negotiation writedown is not affected by the client negotiation style.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Neighborhoods and convergence with respect to a closure operator
Authors: Šlapal Josef 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We study neighborhoods with respect to a categorical closure operator. In particular, we discuss separation and compactness obtained from neighborhoods in a natural way and compare them with the usual closure separation and closure compactness. We also introduce a concept of convergence based on using centered systems of subobjects, which naturally generalizes the classical filter convergence in topological spaces. We investigate behavior of the convergence introduced and show, among others, that it relates to the separation and compactness in natural ways.
Morphological and photosynthetic acclimation of Potamogeton perfoliatus to different environments in Lake Balaton
Authors: Tóth Viktor , Vári Ágnes , Lugossi Szilveszter 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Comparative significance and synchronicity of morphological and photosynthetic adjustments of Potamogeton perfoliatus to shore-specific environments were examined on plants growing at the maximum depth of colonisation of the northern and southern shores of Lake Balaton. The shore-specific environments did not affect photophysiological parameters: the photosynthesis of plants on both shores was high, coupled with low respiration and compensation irradiances. In contrast, morphological and habitual differences between the shores were significant: plants of the shady, northern shore had lighter, but larger leaves, and longer internodes concentrated in the apex of the plants. Thus, photophysiological variability of Potamogeton does not follow its morphological differentiation.
The spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) as an inhabitant of the Baltic Sea — experimental evidences for its invasion of brackish waters
Authors: Jaszczołt Joanna , Szaniawska Anna 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to determine the effect of low salinity conditions (3 PSU and 7 PSU) on the hatching success, growth and mortality of Orconectes limosus. The results revealed that berried females survived exposure to salinities of 3 PSU and 7 PSU whilst incubating their eggs. The reproductive success reached 100% at both salinities. The length increment of young crayfish per molt was larger at 7 PSU than at 3 PSU — but their condition was affected by higher salinity. The mortality among juveniles reached approximately 50% within 5 weeks of hatching at both salinities.
Communities of heterotrophic protists (protozoa) in the near-bottom zone of the Gdańsk Basin
Authors: Rychert Krzysztof 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Biomass and generic diversity of heterotrophic protists (protozoa) were studied in the near-bottom zone at five stations located in the inner Gulf of Gdańsk and in offshore waters during June 2002. The highest protozoan biomass was observed in the inner Gulf of Gdańsk and close to the mouth of the Vistula River. Protozoan biomass decreased offshore. In well-oxygenated waters heterotrophic flagellates constituted 39–51%, of the protozoan biomass, ciliates constituted 18–25%, and heterotrophic dinoflagellates 29–39% of the protozoan biomass. These findings confirmed previous studies that showed that a high abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates is a distinct feature of the Gulf of Gdańsk. At one station located in the Gdańsk Deep, where the near-bottom zone was anoxic, the contribution of heterotrophic flagellates decreased to 18% and ciliates’ share increased to 82% of the protozoan biomass. No dinoflagellates were observed in the anoxic zone.
Nutrient status in coral reefs of the Îles Eparses (Scattered Islands): comparison to nearby reefs subject to higher anthropogenic influences (Mozambique Channel and Mascarenes, Indian Ocean)
Authors: Riaux-Gobin Catherine , Witkowski Andrzej , Saenz-Agudelo Pablo , Neveux Jacques , Oriol Louise , Vétion Gilles 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Indian Ocean coral reef environments off Mascarenes (Réunion and Rodrigues Islands), Comores archipelago (Mayotte) and Eparses atolls (Europa, Glorieuses, Juan de Nova and Tromelin), were sampled in 2007 and 2009 for environmental parameters and benthic diatoms studies. This preliminary note documents the nutrient concentrations [NO3−, NO2−, PO4− and Si(OH)4] of coastal waters in diverse sites and examines the possible relationship between nutrient concentration and anthropogenic pressure. The pool of data is restricted, but the marine coastal environments of Réunion, Rodrigues and Mayotte exhibit, on average, higher levels of nutrient concentration, as compared to Eparses atolls, probably in relation to the degree of urbanisation. A project based on the study of benthic diatom assemblages will offer the opportunity to search for possible anthropogenic signatures.
Long-term monitoring data reveal pH dynamics, trends and variability in the western Gulf of Finland
Authors: Brutemark Andreas , Engström-Öst Jonna , Vehmaa Anu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Monitoring data on water pH are presented for the period between 1972 and 2009 from the sampling stations Längden and Storgadden, at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. The overall pH in the area ranged from 9.2 to 7.4, on average 8.1, and showed a significant decreasing trend during the winter period corresponding to a median annual decrease of 0.006. The data corroborate previous findings about a seasonal effect, where pH is higher during summer than winter.
Web-Based Parenting Program to Prevent Adolescent Alcohol Misuse: Rationale and Development
Authors: Yap Marie , Jorm Anthony , Bazley Renée , Kelly Claire , Ryan Siobhan , Lubman Dan 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: Despite substantial evidence demonstrating the important influence that parents have on adolescent drinking, evidence-based preventative interventions that help parents to reduce the risk that their child will develop later alcohol use problems are lacking. Although some face-to-face family-based interventions for adolescent alcohol misuse have been found to be effective, their public health impact is limited by their labour-intensiveness, poor uptake and low adherence. A web-based intervention has the potential to overcome many of these challenges, and was recently recommended by prevention experts as one key way to increase participation rates in preventative interventions. This paper describes the development of www.parentingstrategies.net , a website providing parenting guidelines and a tailored web-based intervention endorsed by longitudinal research evidence and expert consensus. Conclusions: This website provides the first web-based preventative intervention for parents, and has great potential as a family friendly component in the spectrum of interventions that are critically needed to tackle the issue of adolescent alcohol misuse across the community.
A Dft Study of Solvent Effects on the Cycloaddition of Norbornadiene and 3,4–Dihydroisoquinoline-N-Oxide
Authors: Siadati Seyyed Amir , Nami Navabeh , Zardoost Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2011

A theoretical study of the kinetics and mechanism of the second-order inter-molecular cycloaddition of norbornadiene and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-N-oxide (nitrone) at 398.15 K was performed using the DFT method at the B3LYP level of theory with the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. Equilibrium molecular geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the reactants, transition state and product were calculated. The effect of solvents on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the reaction were investigated. The calculated rate constants and activation parameters showed very good agreement with experimental results, especially for ethanol as solvent. These calculations indicated that the reaction proceeds through a synchronous concerted mechanism.
TADAA: Towards Automated Detection of Anaesthetic Activity
Authors: Houliston B. R. , Merry A. F. , Parry D. T. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBackground: Task analysis is a valuable research method for better understanding the activity of anaesthetists in the operating room (OR), providing evidence for designing and evaluating improvements to systems and processes. It may also assist in identifying potential error paths to adverse events, ultimately improving patient safety. Human observers are the current ‘gold standard’ for capturing task data, but they are expensive and have cognitive limitations.Objectives: Towards Automated Detection of Anaesthetic Activity (TADAA) – aims to produce an automated task analysis system, employing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to capture anaesthetists’ location, orientation and stance (LOS). This is the first stage in a scheme for automatic detection of activity.Methods: Active RFID tags were attached to anaesthetists and various objects in a high fidelity OR simulator, and anesthetic procedures performed. The anaesthetists’ LOSs were calculated using received signal strength (RSS) measurements combined with machine learning tools including Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). These LOSs were compared to those derived from video recordings.Results: SOM clustering was effective at determining anaesthetists’ LOS from RSS data for each procedure. However cross-procedure comparison was less reliable, probably because of changes in the environment.Conclusions: Active RFID tags provide potentially useful information on LOS at a low cost and with minimal impact on the work environment. Machine learning techniques may be employed to handle the variable nature of RFID’s radio signals. Work on mapping LOS data to activities will involve integration with other sensors and task analysis techniques.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Persea group (Lauraceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of tropical and subtropical Amphi‐Pacific disjunctions
Authors: Li Lang , Li Jie , Rohwer Jens G. , van der Werff Henk , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Li Hsi‐Wen 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: The Persea group (Lauraceae) has a tropical and subtropical amphi‐pacific disjunct distribution with most of its members, and it includes two Macaronesian species. The relationships within the group are still controversial, and its intercontinental disjunction has not been investigated with extensive sampling and precise time dating.• Methods: ITS and LEAFY intron II sequences of 78 Persea group species and nine other Lauraceae species were analyzed with maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Divergence time estimation employed Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method under a relaxed clock.• Key results: Several traditional genera or subgenera within the Persea group form well‐supported monophyletic groups except Alseodaphne and Dehaasia. The divergence time of the Persea group is estimated as ∼55.3 (95% higher posterior densities [HPD] 41.4–69.9) million years ago (mya). Two major divergences within the Persea group are estimated as ∼51.9 (95% HPD 38.9–63.9) mya and ∼48.5 (95% HPD 35.9–59.9) mya.• Conclusions: Persea can be retained as a genus by the inclusion of Apollonias barbujana and exclusion a few species that do not fit into the established subgenera. A major revision is recommended for the delimitation between Alseodaphne, Dehaasia, and Nothaphoebe. We suggest that the Persea group originated from the Perseeae‐Laureae radiation in early Eocene Laurasia. Its amphi‐pacific disjunction results from the disruption of boreotropical flora by climatic cooling during the mid‐ to late Eocene. The American‐Macaronesian disjunction may be explained by the long‐distance dispersal.
Genomic and EST microsatellites for Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae) and cross‐amplification in other congeneric species
Authors: Li Lin‐Feng , Yin Dong‐Xu , Song Nan , Tang En‐Hua , Xiao Hong‐Xing 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Our objective of this study was to develop genomic and expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived microsatellites for the endangered species Rhododendron aureum and access their transferability in R. dauricum and R. brachycarpum.• Methods and Results: Twelve genomic microsatellites were isolated in R. aureum using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol and seven EST‐derived microsatellites were characterized by screening the Rhododendron dbEST database of GenBank. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to eight. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.00 to 1.00 and from 0.00 to 0.73, respectively.• Conclusions: A total of 19 microsatellite loci were developed for R. aureum. Sixteen and 10 of these loci were successfully amplified in R. brachycarpum and R. dauricum, respectively. These microsatellite markers will have potential applications in genetic diversity and conservation genetics studies.
Rehabilitative Online Education versus Internet Discussion Group for Hearing Aid Users: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thorén Elisabet , Svensson Monica , Törnqvist Anna , Andersson§ Gerhard , Carlbring Per , Lunner Thomas 
Published: August 2011

Background:By using the Internet in the audiological rehabilitation process, it might be possible in a cost-effective way to include additional rehabilitation components by informing and guiding hearing aid users about such topics as communication strategies, hearing tactics,
and how to handle hearing aids.Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of an online education program for adult experienced hearing aid users including professional guidance by an audiologist and compare it with the effects of participation in an online discussion forum without any professional
contact.Research Design:A randomized controlled study with two groups of participants. Repeated measures at prestudy, immediate follow-up, and a 6 mo follow-up.Study Sample:Fifty-nine experienced hearing aid users participated in the study, ranging in age from 24 to 84 yr (mean
63.5 yr).Intervention:The intervention group (N = 29) underwent a five-week rehabilitative online education in which activities for each week included information, tasks, and assignments, and contact with a professional audiologist was included. The participants in
the control group (N = 30) were referred to an online discussion forum without any audiologist contact.Data Collection and Analysis:A set of questionnaires administered online were used as outcome measures: (1) Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, (2) International
Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids, (3) Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life, and (4) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results:Significant improvements measured by the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly were found in both groups of participants, and the effects
were maintained at the 6 mo follow-up. The results on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale showed that the participants in the intervention group showed reduced symptoms of depression immediately/6 mo after the intervention. At the 6 mo follow-up participants in the control group reported
fewer symptoms of anxiety than they did before the intervention started.Conclusions:This study provides preliminary evidence that the Internet can be used to deliver education to experienced hearing aid users who report residual hearing problems such that their problems are reduced
by the intervention. The study also suggests that online discussion forums could be used in rehabilitation. A combination of online professional supervised education and online informal discussions could be a promising rehabilitation tool.
TLR9 in Peritoneal B-1b Cells Is Essential for Production of Protective Self-Reactive IgM To Control Th17 Cells and Severe Autoimmunity
Authors: Stoehr Alexander D. , Schoen Carolin T. , Mertes Maria M. M. , Eiglmeier Susanne , Holecska Vivien , Lorenz Alexandra K. , Schommartz Tim , Schoen Anna-Lena , Hess Constanze , Winkler André , Wardemann Hedda , Ehlers Marc 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The role of TLR9 in the development of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus is controversial. In different mouse models of the disease, loss of TLR9 abolishes the generation of anti-nucleosome IgG autoantibodies but at the same time exacerbates lupus disease. However, the TLR9-dependent tolerance mechanism is unknown. In this study, we show that loss of TLR9 is associated with low peritoneal B-1b cell numbers and low levels of protective self-reactive IgM serum autoantibodies in lupus-prone FcγRIIB-deficient mice leading to the uncontrolled accumulation of proinflammatory CD4+ cells and exacerbated autoimmunity. TLR7 signaling was not able to compensate for the loss of TLR9 signaling in peritoneal B-1b cells to induce IgM Abs. Transfer of TLR9-expressing peritoneal B-1b cells from FcγRIIB-deficient mice or of recombinant monoclonal self-reactive IgM Abs was sufficient to reduce the frequency of proinflammatory Th17 cells and lupus disease in FcγRIIB/TLR9 double-deficient mice. Taken together, these data provide evidence for a TLR9-dependent tolerance mechanism of peritoneal B-1b cells generating protective self-reactive IgM in lupus-prone mice to control Th17 cell development and severe autoimmunity.
Dual TCR Expression Biases Lung Inflammation in DO11.10 Transgenic Mice and Promotes Neutrophilia via Microbiota-Induced Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Lemaire Muriel M. , Dumoutier Laure , Warnier Guy , Uyttenhove Catherine , Van Snick Jacques , de Heusch Magali , Stevens Monique , Renauld Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA commonly used mouse model of asthma is based on i.p. sensitization to OVA together with aluminum hydroxide (alum). In wild-type BALB/c mice, subsequent aerosol challenge using this protein generates an eosinophilic inflammation associated with Th2 cytokine expression. By constrast, in DO11.10 mice, which are transgenic for an OVA-specific TCR, the same treatment fails to induce eosinophilia, but instead promotes lung neutrophilia. In this study, we show that this neutrophilic infiltration results from increased IL-17A and IL-17F production, whereas the eosinophilic response could be restored upon blockade of IFN-γ, independently of the Th17 response. In addition, we identified a CD4+ cell population specifically present in DO11.10 mice that mediates the same inflammatory response upon transfer into RAG2−/− mice. This population contained a significant proportion of cells expressing an additional endogenous TCR α-chain and was not present in RAG2−/− DO11.10 mice, suggesting dual antigenic specificities. This particular cell population expressed markers of memory cells, secreted high levels of IL-17A, and other cytokines after short-term restimulation in vitro, and triggered a neutrophilic response in vivo upon OVA aerosol challenge. The relative numbers of these dual TCR lymphocytes increased with the age of the animals, and IL-17 production was abolished if mice were treated with large-spectrum antibiotics, suggesting that their differentiation depends on foreign Ags provided by gut microflora. Taken together, our data indicate that dual TCR expression biases the OVA-specific response in DO11.10 mice by inhibiting eosinophilic responses via IFN-γ and promoting a neutrophilic inflammation via microbiota-induced Th17 differentiation.