bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schistosomula, pre-adults and adults ofSchistosoma mansoniingest fluorescence-labelled albuminin vitroandin vivo: implication for a drug-targeting model
Authors: HOLTFRETER M. C. , LOEBERMANN M. , FREI E. , RIEBOLD D. , WOLFF D. , HARTUNG G. , KINZELBACH R. , REISINGER E. C. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYObjective.Bilharziosis is one of the most important helminthal infections in humans and is caused by blood flukes of the genusSchistosoma.Three different life stages of the parasite occur within the mammalian host: schistosomula located in the skin, pre-adults located in the lung and adult worms located in the portal venous system. Erythrocytes are a major source of nutrient supply for adults. However, sources of nutrition for the developing stages are still unclear.Methods.To investigate whether schistosomula, pre-adults and adults ofSchistosoma mansoniingest human serum albumin (HSA)in vitro, these life stages were incubated with aminofluorescein-labelled human serum albumin (Afl-HSA) for 5 h. To test the uptake of albuminin vivo, the albumin conjugate was given intravenously toS. mansoniinfected NMRI mice 24 h before harvesting the 3 life stages.Results.In comparison to the control group schistosomula, pre-adults, and adults showed an accumulation of Afl-HSA within the oesophagus and intestinal caecumin vitroandin vivo.Conclusion.Our findings suggest that albumin seems to be a major source of energy supply for the early schistosomal life stages and an additive energy support for adult worms. Since albumin has been used successfully as a drug carrier for chemotherapeutic substances against malignant disorders, further studies will focus on albumin as a carrier for anthelminthics in a drug-targeting model.
Cryptosporidium parvumand mucosal immunity in neonatal cattle
Authors: Wyatt Carol R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCryptosporidium parvumis an important zoonotic protozoan pathogen that causes acute infection and self-limiting gastrointestinal disease in neonatal calves. There are currently no consistently effective antimicrobials available to control cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, immunotherapeutic and vaccination protocols offer the greatest potential for long-term control of the disease. In order to devise effective control measures, it is important to better define mucosal immunity toC. parvumin young calves. This review summarizes the information that has accumulated over the last decade which helps to define the intestinal mucosal immune system in neonatal calves, and the events that occur in the intestinal mucosa after infection byC. parvum.
Pre‐operative management is associated with low rate of post‐operative morbidity in penetrating Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zerbib P. , Koriche D. , Truant S. , Bouras A. F. , Vernier‐Massouille G. , Seguy D. , Pruvot F. R. , Cortot A. , Colombel J. F. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 459–465SummaryBackground  Ileocaecal resection for penetrating Crohn’s disease is still challenging with a high rate of post‐operative morbidity and faecal diversion.Aim  To report retrospectively the results of pre‐operative management for penetrating Crohn’s disease focusing on the rate of post‐operative major morbidities and need for faecal diversion.Methods  Between 1997 and 2007, 78 patients with penetrating Crohn’s disease underwent a first ileocaecal resection after a pre‐operative management consisting in bowel rest, nutritional therapy, intravenous antibiotics, weaning off steroids and immunosuppressors, and drainage of abscesses when appropriate.Results  Resection was performed for terminal ileitis associated with (n = 41), abscesses (n = 37) or both (n = 5). A pre‐operative nutritional therapy was performed in 50 patients (68%) for 23 days (range, 7–69 days) along with a weaning off steroids and immunosuppressors. A diverting stoma was performed for six patients (7.7%). There was no post‐operative death. Post‐operative complications were classified as minor in 10 patients (12.8%), and major in four patients (5%). Overall, the post‐operative course was uneventful in 58 patients (74%).Conclusion  Pre‐operative management for penetrating Crohn’s disease allowed ileocaecal resection with low rates of post‐operative morbidity and faecal diversion.
Systematic review: outcome of compensated cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Alazawi W. , Cunningham M. , Dearden J. , Foster G. R. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 344–355SummaryBackground  Most studies evaluating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) natural history have taken the development of cirrhosis as an end‐point.Aim To perform a systematic review of the literature to establish the outcome of compensated HCV cirrhosis.Methods  A systematic literature review was performed. Only data regarding HCV mono‐infected patients were included. Weighted mean annual percentage rates for death/transplantation, decompensation of cirrhosis and development of HCC were calculated.Results  Thirteen papers were included. Despite some heterogeneity, we extracted data relating to 2386 patients. In compensated HCV cirrhosis, the estimated annual rate of death/transplantation is 4.58%, that of decompensation is 6.37% per and that of HCC, 3.36%. When compared with studies of untreated patients, studies that included treated patients reported significantly lower mean annual percentage rates of HCC (2.52% vs. 4.79%, P = 0.02), but not decompensation (5.34% vs. 7.88%, P = 0.026) and death/transplantation (3.79% vs. 4.62%, P = 0.25).Conclusions  These rates highlight the need for continued vigilance for the occurrence of HCC, while confirming the relatively slow progress of compensated HCV cirrhosis. Heterogeneity in reporting means that these data may underestimate the rate of disease progression, particularly HCC development. It will be important to ensure clearer distinction between treatment responses in future studies.
Meta‐analysis: antioxidant supplements for liver diseases – the Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group
Authors: Bjelakovic G. , Gluud L. L. , Nikolova D. , Bjelakovic M. , Nagorni A. , Gluud C. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 356–367SummaryBackground  Several liver diseases have been associated with oxidative stress. Accordingly, antioxidants have been suggested as potential therapeutics for various liver diseases. The evidence supporting these suggestions is equivocal.Aim  To assess the benefits and harms of antioxidant supplements for patients with liver diseases.Methods  We identified trials through electronic and manual searches until August 2009. We included randomized trials comparing antioxidant supplements (beta‐carotene, vitamin A, C, E and selenium) vs. placebo or no intervention for autoimmune liver diseases, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis (any aetiology). Random‐effects and fixed‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted. Results were presented as relative risks (RR), or mean difference (MD), both with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results  Twenty randomized trials with 1225 participants were included. The trials assessed beta‐carotene (3 trials), vitamin A (2 trials), vitamin C (9 trials), vitamin E (15 trials) and selenium (8 trials). The majority of the trials had high risk of bias and showed heterogeneity. Overall, the assessed antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on all‐cause mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.19, I2 = 0%] or liver‐related mortality (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.39–2.05, I2 = 37%). Stratification according to the type of liver disease assessed did not affect the conclusions. Antioxidant supplements significantly increased the activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (MD 24.21 IU/L, 95% CI 6.67–41.75, I2 = 0%).Conclusions  We found no evidence to support or refute antioxidant supplements in patients with liver disease. Antioxidant supplements may increase liver enzymes.
Hepatocyte growth factor is a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Anan Futoshi , Masaki Takayuki , Jikumaru Kimiko , Iwao Tetsu , Eshima Nobuoki , Saikawa Tetsunori , Yoshimatsu Hronobu 
Published: May 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (7): 585–590AbstractBackground  The presence of white matter lesions (WML) is an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke. Elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels are associated with a high mortality rate in type 2 diabetic patients. The preliminary study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of WML correlates with HGF and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin treatment.Material and methods  Based on brain magnetic resonance imaging, 92 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups: WML‐positive group (age 60 ± 5 years, mean ± SD, n = 35) and WML‐negative group (age 59 ± 6 years, mean ± SD, n = 57. The level of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Results  The body mass index was higher in the WML‐positive group than that in the WML‐negative group (P < 0·005). Plasma levels of triglycerides were higher while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the WML‐positive group than in the WML‐negative group (P < 0·01 and P < 0·0001 respectively). Fasting plasma glucose (P < 0·0001), insulin concentrations (P < 0·0001), HOMA index (P < 0·0001) and HGF (< 0·0001) levels were higher in the WML‐positive group than in the WML‐negative group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that WML was independently predicted by the high HGF and insulin resistance (P < 0·0001 and P < 0·0001 respectively).Conclusion  The results of this preliminary study indicate that the presence of WML was associated with the high HGF and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of high oxygen modified atmosphere on post‐harvest physiology and sensorial qualities of mushroom
Authors: Liu Zhanli , Wang Xiangyou , Zhu Jiying , Wang Juan 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe changes in physiology and sensorial qualities of mushroom stored at 2 °C for 12 days under high oxygen (100% O2, 80% O2) atmosphere and air had been investigated. Respiration rate was suppressed in mushroom in 80% O2 and 100% O2. No significant differences were found between 80% O2 and 100% O2. Weight loss was not more than 1.5% in all treatments. Weight loss and firmness of mushroom held in high oxygen were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in air. Total soluble solid (TSS) was only slightly affected by high oxygen treatment. High oxygen, especially 100% O2 treatment was effective at reducing browning degree and electrolyte leakage of mushroom. The surface colour of mushroom changed slightly before tenth day under high oxygen treatment. From day 2 the L‐value of mushroom flesh was significantly (P < 0.05) lower under air atmosphere compared with high oxygen treated mushroom. High oxygen, especially 100% O2 was effective at inhibiting discoloration. The PPO activity of mushroom was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 100% O2 compared with air treatment. The POD activity was highest in high oxygen at eighth day, then reduced. High oxygen, especially 100% O2 was effective at maintaining the quality of mushroom.
Kinetic study of high pressure microbial and enzyme inactivation and selection of pasteurisation conditions for Valencia Orange Juice
Authors: Katsaros George I. , Tsevdou Maria , Panagiotou Theodora , Taoukis Petros S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryKeeping quality of fresh orange juice is highly dependent on pectinolytic enzyme activity and the growth of spoilage microorganisms. The inactivation kinetics of indigenous pectin methylesterase (PME) and of the two more pressure resistant species of spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum and L. brevis in freshly squeezed Valencia orange juice under high hydrostatic pressure (100–500 MPa) combined with moderate temperature (20–40 °C) was investigated. PME inactivation followed first order kinetics with a residual PME activity (15%) at all pressure–temperature combinations used. The values of activation energy and activation volume were estimated at each pressure and at each temperature, respectively. Values of 90 kJ/mol and −30 mL/mol at reference pressure of 300 MPa and reference temperature of 35 °C were estimated respectively. The corresponding zT and zP values of LAB inactivation were also estimated at all conditions tested. Values of 19.5 °C and 95 MPa at reference pressure of 300 MPa and reference temperature of 30 °C were estimated respectively for L. plantarum, while the corresponding values for L. brevis were 40 °C and 82 MPa, respectively, at the same reference conditions. Pressure and temperature were found to act synergistically both for PME and LAB inactivation. The PME and LAB inactivation rate constants were expressed as functions of the temperature and pressure process conditions. These functions allow the determination of the pressure/temperature conditions that achieve the target enzyme and microbial inactivation at a selected processing time. The process conditions of 350 MPa at 35 °C for 2 min are proposed as effective for Valencia orange juice cold pasteurisation.
Stability of the antioxidant capacity of twenty‐five commercially available fruit juices subjected to an in vitro digestion
Authors: Ryan Lisa , Prescott Stuart L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFruit juice is known to be rich in a variety of antioxidants, which may have protective effects against certain diseases. The objective of the present study was to analyse the total antioxidant capacity of twenty‐five commercially available juices [via ferric‐ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)] and to determine the stability of the antioxidant capacity after an in vitro digestion procedure. All of the juices analysed were a significant source of antioxidants however there was wide variation between the different types of juice (1405–10232 μmol FeII L−1, 30.5–84.8% inhibition of DPPH). Pomegranate juice had the highest antioxidant capacity compared to the other types of juice analysed (orange, apple, pineapple, grapefruit, red grape, cranberry). For many of the juices, the total antioxidant capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced after an in vitro digestion. In general, there was little difference in antioxidant capacity between premium brand and budget brand varieties of fruit juice.
Detection of potentially enterotoxigenic food‐related Bacillus cereus by PCR analysis
Authors: Bonerba Elisabetta , Di Pinto Angela , Novello Lucia , Montemurro Filomena , Terio Valentina , Colao Valeriana , Ciccarese Giuseppina , Tantillo Giuseppina 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study provides data on the prevalence of potentially pathogenic Bacillus cereus in foods from catering kitchens by evaluating the occurrence of B. cereus and the presence of virulence‐associated genes. B. cereus was detected in 72/250 (28.8%) food samples. Specifically, B. cereus was highlighted in 34/74 (45.9%) pastries, 16/40 (40%) rice samples, 4/38 (10.5%) potato meals, 6/54 (11.1%) mozzarella samples and 12/44 (27.3%) meat meals. PCRs aimed at the hbl (C, D, A, B), nhe (A, B, C), bceT and cytK genes demonstrated a widespread distribution of the toxin‐encoding genes among B. cereus isolates. The results highlight the frequent failure of control measures in catering kitchens and the need for intensive and continuous monitoring in order to assess the human health risk, as proposed by Regulation (EC) no. 1441/2007 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs.
Use of the response surface methodology and desirability approach to model Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spore inactivation
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Sinigaglia Milena , Corbo Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis article proposes the use of the surface response approach to study the effects of pH (3.5–5.5), cinnamaldehyde (0–160 mg L−1) and heat‐processing time at 90 °C (0–16 min) on the germination/inactivation of the spores of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. In a first phase the assays were performed in a laboratory medium (malt extract broth), inoculated with ca. 103 spores mL−1 of a cocktail of six strains of A. acidoterrestris. The reduction of spore number just after the thermal treatment (RN) and the growth/inactivation rate of alicyclobacilli throughout the storage (μ) were submitted to a stepwise regression procedure, thus pointing out the conditions to achieve the maximal inactivation of A. acidoterrestris spores; pH, 4.3; cinnamaldehyde, 97 mg L−1; processing time, 9 min. Then, some experiments were performed in a commercial tomato juice, assessing that some combinations (80 mg L−1 of cinnamaldehyde 4 min−1 at 90 °C or 40 mg L−1 of cinnamaldehyde 12 min−1 at 90 °C) could inhibit spore germination for at least 10 days.
Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional properties of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) proteins
Authors: Kamara Mohamed Tabita , Amadou Issoufou , Tarawalie Fatmata , Huiming Zhou 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study, we examined the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional properties of defatted foxtail millet proteins. Defatted foxtail millet flour (DFMF) was enzymatically hydrolysed by several commercially available proteases (Protamex, Papain, Alcalase 2.4L, Flavourzyme and Neutrase), with protein recovery of 59. 6%, 62.8%, 81.8%, 78.9%, and 67.5%, respectively. Essential amino acids were above the recommended amount by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) for humans. The molecular weight ranged below 200 and 5000 Da above, hydrophobicities of 122.75 and 166.05, maximum solubility of 91% and 83% at pH 12.0, emulsifying capacity was 82.33% and 72.32%, foam capacity and foam stability ranged from 185.33 to 137.80 g mL−1 and from 185.33 to 111.1 g mL−1 for both defatted foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (DFMPH) and defatted foxtail millet protein isolate (DFMPI), respectively. Enzymatic modification was responsible for changes in the protein functionality and DFMPH are potential as functional food ingredient.
Batter rheology and bread texture of sorghum‐based gluten‐free formulations modified with native or pregelatinised cassava starch and α‐amylase
Authors: Onyango Calvin , Mutungi Christopher , Unbehend Günter , Lindhauer Meinolf G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of α‐amylase (0–0.3 U g−1) on the crumb properties of gluten‐free sorghum batter and bread, respectively, was investigated. The formulations were modified using native or pregelatinised cassava starch (i.e. batter A – 17% pregelatinised starch, 83% sorghum, 100% water fwb; batter B – 17% native starch, 83% sorghum, 100% water fwb; and batter C – 30% native starch, 70% sorghum, 80% water fwb). The batters had solid viscoelastic character with the storage modulus predominant over the loss modulus. Storage moduli of batter A decreased with increasing angular frequency, whereas the moduli of batters B and C were independent from the angular frequency. Increasing enzyme concentration did not affect the loss factors of the batters. Batters’ resistance to deformation, from highest to lowest, followed the order C > A > B. Increasing enzyme concentration decreased crumb firmness, cohesiveness, springiness, resilience and chewiness but increased adhesiveness. Overall, breads containing native starch had better crumb properties (i.e. springier and less firm, chewy and adhesive) than breads containing pregelatinised starch.
Simultaneous determination of theanine, gallic acid, purine alkaloids, catechins, and theaflavins in black tea using HPLC
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Xiaorong , Li Kaikai , Li Chengren , Li Linlin , Li Jiaxian , Huang Hualin , He Yumei , Ye Chuangxing , Song Xiaohong 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present study, we employed high performance liquid chromatography with an amide‐C16 column to determine the eighteen major active ingredients in black tea, including theanine, gallic acid, four purine alkaloids, eight catechins and four theaflavins. The method was successfully used to analyse two new kinds of black teas from the leaves of Camellia ptilophylla and Camellia kucha in China and several other world‐ famous black teas. Forty percentage ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent for preparing tea extracts. All of the eighteen compounds could be separated within 86 min with a gradient elution system. Excellent linearity was observed for all the standard calibration curves, and correlation coefficients were above 0.9991. The developed method is accurate and sensitive enough for the determination of active components in black tea.
Influence of a combined hot air and UV‐C treatment on quality parameters of fresh‐cut broccoli florets at 0 °C
Authors: Lemoine Maria Laura , Civello Pedro Marcos , Chaves Alicia Raquel , Martínez Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBroccoli is a horticultural product with a high nutritional value that can be consumed fresh but also minimally processed. However, broccoli is highly perishable since it develops a senescence quickly that deteriorates commercial and nutritional quality of the product. In this work we analysed the effect of a combination of UV‐C and heat treatment on quality and senescence of fresh‐cut broccoli florets stored at 0 °C. Combined treatment delayed yellowing as evidenced by higher Hue values and lower chlorophyll degradation. The treatment diminished respiratory activity indicating higher tissue integrity. Treated samples showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. On day 21 of storage, treated samples had higher levels of total sugars, and total proteins. The results suggest that a combined treatment with heat and UV‐C may reduce senescence, tissue damage and helps to maintain a better quality of the product during storage at 0 °C.
A mixed‐mode approach to data collection: combining web and paper questionnaires to examine nurses’ attitudes to mental illness
Authors: Guise Veslemøy , Chambers Mary , Välimäki Maritta , Makkonen Pekka 
Published: May 2010

guise v., chambers m., välimäki m. & makkonen p. (2010) A mixed‐mode approach to data collection: combining web and paper questionnaires to examine nurses’ attitudes to mental illness. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1623–1632.AbstractTitle.  A mixed‐mode approach to data collection: combining web and paper questionnaires to examine nurses’ attitudes to mental illness Aim.  This paper is a report an evaluation of the use of a sequential mixed‐mode approach to data collection in a study of attitudes to mental illness and people with mental health problems held by Registered Nurses working in adult acute inpatient and psychiatric intensive care settings.Background.  The use of electronic tools for data collection is becoming increasingly common in nursing research. Currently there is a lack of reports of the use of mixed‐mode designs featuring both web and paper questionnaires. The efficacy of this approach remains unclear.Method.  Web and paper versions of a questionnaire including the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale were distributed in 2007 to all 148 Registered Nurses working in acute care settings in an English mental healthcare organization.Results.  The mixed‐mode design was successful in increasing overall response rate. Data collection mode was indicative of statistically significantly different response rates, but had no impact on differences in nurses’ socio‐demographic characteristics or attitudes to mental illness. The use of email reminders had a positive impact on the web questionnaire return rate.Conclusion.  Future nursing studies could benefit from a mixed‐mode study design to attain increased response rates and reduce non‐response bias, although further research should be undertaken with larger groups of nurses to verify consistently the absence of mode effect on study outcomes.