bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior heat stress effects fatigue recovery of the elbow flexor muscles
Authors: Iguchi Masaki , Shields Richard K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Long‐lasting alterations in hormones, neurotransmitters, and stress proteins after hyperthermia may be responsible for the impairment in motor performance during muscle fatigue. Methods: Subjects (n = 25) performed a maximal intermittent fatigue task of elbow flexion after sitting in either 73° or 26°C to examine the effects of prior heat stress on fatigue mechanisms. Results: The heat stress increased the tympanic and rectal temperatures by 2.3° and 0.82°C, respectively, but there was full recovery prior to the fatigue task. Although prior heat stress had no effects on fatigue‐related changes in volitional torque, electromyographic (EMG) activity, torque relaxation rate, motor evoked potential (MEP) size, and silent period (SP) duration, prior heat stress acutely increased the pre‐fatigue relaxation rate and chronically prevented long‐duration fatigue (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that prior passive heat stress alone does not alter voluntary activation during fatigue, but prior heat stress and exercise produce longer‐term protection against long‐duration fatigue. Muscle Nerve 44: 115–125, 2011
Electrical conduction block in large nerves: High‐frequency current delivery in the nonhuman primate
Authors: Ackermann D. Michael , Ethier Christian , Foldes Emily L. , Oby Emily R. , Tyler Dustin , Bauman Matt , Bhadra Niloy , Miller Lee , Kilgore Kevin L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent studies have made significant progress toward the clinical implementation of high‐frequency conduction block (HFB) of peripheral nerves. However, these studies were performed in small nerves, and questions remain regarding the nature of HFB in large‐diameter nerves. This study in nonhuman primates shows reliable conduction block in large‐diameter nerves (up to 4.1 mm) with relatively low‐threshold current amplitude and only moderate nerve discharge prior to the onset of block. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Error bounds for the reliability index in finite element reliability analysis
Authors: Gallimard L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis work presents an extension of the goal‐oriented error estimation techniques to the reliability analysis of a linear elastic structure. We use a first‐order reliability method in conjunction with a finite element analysis (FEA) to compute the failure probability of the structure. In such a situation the output of interest that is computed from the FEA is the reliability index β. The accuracy of this output, and thus of the reliability analysis, depends, in particular, on the accuracy of the FEA. In this paper, upper and lower bounds of the reliability index are proposed, as well as simple bounds of the failure probability. An application to linear fracture mechanics is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of discourse on collaboration among nurses, physicians, and consumers
Authors: Weiss Sandra J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether ongoing discussion among nurses, physicians, and consumers influenced their collaborative beliefs and behavior. A stratified experimental sample of 72 professionals and consumers met in small, multidisciplinary groups on a monthly basis for 2 years to discuss health care relationships. Prior to the onset of these groups, and after their conclusion, the experimental sample, a randomly selected control group of 72 persons, and a matched control group of 72 persons all completed the Management of Differences Exercise, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, and the Health Role Expectations Index. Contrary to predictions, the experimental group (M = −6.85) declined more than controls (M = −4.63, p < .05) in their beliefs regarding the value of shared versus physician‐dominated responsibility for health care and increased more (M = 1.58 versus M = ‐.53, p < .007) in their beliefs that powerful individuals such as physicians influence the consumer's health status. Results indicate that ongoing discourse may have enhanced traditional, status quo beliefs regarding the authority and power of the physician rather than fostering collaborative values.
Accuracy of indirect measures of medication compliance in hypertension
Authors: Craig Heather M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate indirect measure of medication compliance in primary hypertension through comparison with a recently developed direct measure of the antihypertensive agent, hydrochlorothiazide. A convenience sample of 40 subjects was seen by the investigator twice in an office setting and once in their homes. Data were collected by an interview schedule, blood pressure measurement, pill counts, urine analysis, and hospital record review. Patient interview was the most sensitive and accurate measure of compliance; this measure correctly classified 85% of patients as to compliant or noncompliant.
Child‐rearing, marital, recreational and work role integration and climacteric symptoms in midlife women
Authors: Uphold Constance R. , Susman Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study investigated relationships between the roles women enact during midlife and the frequency and severity of symptoms they report at the climacteric. A sample of 185 healthy, middle‐aged women completed measures assessing climacteric symptoms, adjustment to the marital role, and degree of participation in child‐rearing, recreational, and work roles. Findings indicated that the more roles women enact, the less likely they are to experience climacteric symptoms. Adjustment to the marital role and an active recreational role were the best predictors of infrequent and mild climacteric symptoms. The number of hours worked was negatively related to recreational involvement and marital role adjustment but did not relate to climacteric symptoms. The child‐rearing role was not related to symptoms. These findings indicate that successful marital adaptation and active role participation may be significantly related to diminished climacteric symptoms formation of midlife women.
A life table analysis of the labor force participation of U.S. nurses, 1949 to 1980
Authors: Schoen Delores C. , Schoen Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractData from seven inventories of registered nurses by the American Nurses' Association and the 1980 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses are analyzed in a life table format to examine changes in nurse labor force participation. The results show a substantial increase in the labor force participation of nurses, as a nurse aged 20 could be expected to spend 28.5 years in the labor force in 1949 and 34.1 years in the labor force in 1980. Much of that rise seems attributable to increasing full‐time employment. There is a positive relationship between participation in the nursing labor force and a nurse's highest level of educational preparation, but that relationship is not a simple one. Nurses with a master's or higher degree are very active in the labor force, while diploma nurses are much less likely to be employed. At the same time, nurses with baccalaureate degrees have relatively low rates of labor force participation, but associate degree nurses have rates rivaling the most highly educated.
Comprehension of information for informed consent by spouses of surgical patients
Authors: Silva Mary Cipriano 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe adequacy of comprehension of the information needed for informed consent to participate in research on spouse responses to a husband's or wife's general surgery was assessed. Comprehension of information about the research study by 75 spouses was measured by the Informed Consent Questionnaire containing questions on study purpose, time involvement, nature of participation, risks, benefits, voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity. The result showed that 72 of the 75 spouses had adequate comprehension of the information for informed consent. Because adequate comprehension is atypical of most studies, possible reasons for this unexpected result are discussed and then explained within a self‐determination theory of informed consent.
The effects of hygiene interventions on the cerebrovascular status of severe closed head injured persons
Authors: Parsons L. Claire , Peard Amy L. Smith , Page M. Carol 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe cerebrovascular status of 19 severe closed head injured patients was assessed during oral, body, and indwelling catheter care. Heart rates, mean arterial blood pressures, mean intracranial pressures, and cerebral perfusion pressures were recorded at baseline, peak nursing intervention, and 1‐minute recovery times. Significant increases (p ⩽.05) in the dependent variables were noted at peak intervention; by recovery time these elevated values had returned to baseline levels. Physiologic responses that did not prove clinically significant are discussed to account for the observed changes. Since cerebral perfusion pressures never fell below 50 mm Hg, the three hygiene interventions are procedures considered safe and beneficial to the patient with closed head injury.
Hypertension, perceived clinician empathy, and patient self‐disclosure
Authors: Dawson Carolyn 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare groups of outpatient hypertensive and diabetic patients to a control group (no known chronic illnesses) on their perceptions of clinician empathy and the importance and difficulty of disclosing information about themselves to health care providers. It was hypothesized that hypertensives would differ from the other groups in perceiving less clinician empathy and in attributing less importance, but greater difficulty, to self‐disclosing. The sample was 54 hypertensives, 47 diabetics, and 115 nonchronically ill patients. Each subject completed the Empathy scale of the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory and a patient self‐disclosure questionnaire. The empathy hypothesis was supported but the self‐disclosure hypotheses were not. Hypertensive patients differed from other patients in perceiving the least clinician empathy and in attributing the greatest importance to discussing their responses to health care.
Values of entering nursing students: Changes over 10 years
Authors: Garvin Bonnie J. , Boyle Kathleen Kluznik 
Published: February 2011

AbstractValues of students entering nursing in 1982 were compared with values of those entering in 1972. The Allport‐Vernon‐Lindzey Study of Values and an Entering Resources Inventory were completed by 309 students in 1972 and 161 students in 1982. The 1982 sample scored higher on economic values (p < .01), but did not differ on the other values. Both groups scored highest on social values with religious values ranking second in 1982 and third in 1972. These findings contrast to studies in the 1960′s which found religious values rated highest and economic values rated lowest.
Attitudes toward social issues in health care: A cohort analysis
Authors: Mendelson Marilyn A. , Skinner Richard A. , Proctor Maymie B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAttitudinal change toward psychosocial issues in health care was tested through a cohort analysis of 190 nursing students at four successive undergraduate levels. The topics examined were: (a) consistency and variability of attitudes toward social issues in health care and (b) relationship between scale performance and age. Attitudinal change among nursing students at four successive undergraduate levels was tested in the present study using a modification of the Attitudes Towards Social Issues in Medicine (ATSIM) Inventory, an instrument composed of seven subscales dealing with various aspects of health care. Techniques used included analysis of variance and Leveneapos;s test of the equality of variances. The findings confirmed a process of professional socialization in nursing education with respect to the attitudes of nursing students toward health care issues.
Stress, coping behaviors, and recommendations for intensive care and medical surgical ward registered nurses
Authors: Kelly John G. , Cross Darryl G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractForty one intensive care unit and 61 medical surgical ward registered nurses from two large urban teaching hospitals completed a stress questionnaire to examine stress factors, coping behaviors, and recommendations for alleviating stress within the work environment. Stress variables were grouped into five clusters: (a) patient‐related, (b) environmental, (c) management‐related, (d) interpersonal, and (e) knowledge and skills. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect, with the ward nurses perceiving environmental factors as more stressful. Stress factors tend to be related to the overall hospital environment, especially in relation to specific work areas within the institutions.
Mothers' health beliefs and use of well‐baby services among a high‐risk population
Authors: Kviz Frederick J. , Dawkins Cecilia E. , Ervin Naomi E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe relationship between mothers' health beliefs and use of well‐baby services among a poor, minority, high‐risk population is reported. Data were collected from 61 black mothers attending a maternal‐child clinic by interviews at the first and sixth months after the birth of their infants. The analysis focused on four health beliefs (susceptibility, severity, benefits, and efficacy) and two health behaviors (clinic visits and immunizations during the first 6 months). Although mothers' health beliefs were not predictive of clinic visits, health beliefs at the sixth month accounted for 30% of the variance in the number of immunizations. This relationship was dominated by perceived efficacy of immunizations and perceived benefits of well‐baby services. The findings indicate a need to consider the nature and extent of possible changes in relationships between health beliefs and health behaviors over time.
Differences in womenapos;s and menapos;s thinking about parent‐child interactions
Authors: McBride Angela Barron 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo determine if young women and men think differently about parenting when presented with the same information, a factorial between‐subjects experiment was conducted. Two case studies (one successful, one unsuccessful) were evaluated; they varied only in terms of parent sex and child sex. Respondents explained parenting performance and rated both the parent and the child on the same personality items. The 136 women in the study were especially sensitive to the possibility of a child being troubled. Compared with the 136 men, they were less inclined to explain failure as the childapos;s fault and to describe a child as mean.
Preventing coronary heart disease in high‐risk families
Authors: McCance Kathryn L. , Eutropius Louise , Jacobs Maeona K. , Williams Roger R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA preventive nursing intervention to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was tested. The sample was 19 families composed of 58 first‐degreed relatives of young (age 30–55 years) victims of sudden cardiac death. Families were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The intervention at 3–5 months postdeath focused on assessment of health history, health behaviors, health beliefs, informing and educating about CHD risk factors, and methods for detecting and reducing these factors. The control group received mailed questionnaires and no intervention. The subjectapos;s reduction of CHD risk was measured at 7 months by changes in high risk CHD behaviors, changes in health beliefs, and adherence to screening for serum cholesterol and blood pressure determination. Analysis of covariance (covarying age and pretest scores) demonstrated no differences between groups for health beliefs; however, significant differences for health beliefs existed between the sibling subgroups. The intervention was correlated with a significant reduction in alcohol intake. Reductions in high fat meat consumption were in the desired direction. Greater percentages of subjects in the intervention group obtained blood pressure and cholesterol screening.
High strength electrospun fibers
Authors: Chen Shuiliang , Han Donghua , Hou Haoqing 
Published: February 2011

AbstractElectrospinning provides a simple method to process solutions or melts, mainly of polymers, into continuous ultrathin fibers. However, the mechanical properties of electrospun fibers are low due to non‐optimized macromolecular orientation in the fibers. The methods of CNT reinforcement and heat‐induced orientation of rigid macromolecular chains are used to prepare high strength electrospun fibers. This paper presents an overview of these high strength electrospun fibers, with focus on the progress achieved in last 10 years and some theories for the formation of high strength electrospun fibers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly (vinyl chloride)/poly (α‐methylstyrene–acrylonitrile)/acrylic resin ternary blends with enhanced toughness and heat resistance
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Bo , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun , Jin Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, tough and high heat‐resistant poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/poly (α‐methylstyrene–acrylonitrile) (α‐MSAN) blends (70/30) containing acrylic resin (ACR) as a toughening modifier was prepared. With the addition of ACR, heat distortion temperature increased slightly, which corresponded with the increase in glass transition temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that addition of ACR improved the thermal stability. With regard to mechanical properties, tough behavior was observed combined with the decrease in tensile strength and flexural strength. A brittle‐ductile transition (BDT) in impact strength was found when ACR content increased from 8 to 10 phr. The impact strength was increased by 34.8 times with the addition of 15 phr ACR. The morphology correlated well with BDT in impact strength. It was also suggested from the morphology that microvoids and shear yielding were the major toughening mechanisms for the ternary blends. Our present study offers insight on the modification of PVC, since combination of α‐MSAN and ACR improves the toughness and heat resistance of pure PVC simultaneously. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of a microsphere‐based coating for textiles with potential as an in situ bioactive delivery system
Authors: Gouveia Isabel C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProteinaceous microspheres have a wide range of biomedical applications, including their use as drug delivery systems. On the other hand, bioactive and antimicrobial textiles are promising substrates for medical care, in particular, as wound‐dressings. This work relates the development of a new process for the functionalization of textiles through the simultaneous formation and linkage of protein‐based microspheres onto textile fibers by sonochemical techniques. The microspheres developed by this process possess antimicrobial properties by themselves, but other may be incorporated by the encapsulation of various pharmaceutical formulations. This new type of microspheres and particularly their fixation onto textile materials encourage the development of textiles that can be used as delivery systems in a simple, fast, and non‐toxic process. Here it is reported the production of microspheres with a combination of bovine serum albumin (BSA), L‐Cysteine (L‐Cys), and n‐dodecane, using the ultrasound technology. The size distribution and morphology of the microspheres was determined as a function of several parameters such as irradiation time and BSA and L‐Cys concentrations. The produced microspheres were analyzed using a laser light scattering size analyzer, an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The new coating of BSA + L‐Cys microspheres revealed a high stability and excellent antibacterial properties being a promising alternative to design textile‐based bioactive delivery systems with potential application in the development of textile‐based wound‐dressings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV‐cured polyester‐acrylate nanocomposite films with silane‐grafted silica nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Sun Hee , Kim Dae Su 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUV‐curing technique was employed in this study to prepare polyester‐acrylate nanocomposite films with silane‐grafted silica nanoparticles. Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane was grafted to the surfaces of silica nanoparticles to improve dispersion of silica nanoparticles as well as interfacial adhesion between the resin matrix and silica nanoparticles. The silane‐grafting was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the silane‐grafting on the mechanical and optical properties as well as UV‐curing behavior of the nanocomposite films were investigated. The tensile strength, transmittance, UV‐curing rate, and final chemical conversion of the nanocomposite films were increased by use of the grafted silica nanoparticles as compared to the use of neat silica nanoparticles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garnet photonics toward developing laser diode integrated with optical isolator with Si guiding layer
Authors: Yokoi Hideki , Igarashi Shun , Uchiumi Yuki , Tani Kazuya 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA nonreciprocal phase shift occurs in TM modes that travel in magneto‐optic waveguides in which magnetization is aligned transverse to the light propagation direction in the film plane. The large nonreciprocal phase shift is obtained when a magneto‐optic waveguide comprises a guiding layer with a high‐refractive‐index material. A magneto‐optic waveguide with a Si guiding layer is obtained by depositing the Si layer on a magnetic garnet layer. An optical isolator employing a nonreciprocal phase shift is described which has the magneto‐optic waveguide with the Si guiding layer. A laser diode integrated with the optical isolator can be developed by connecting the laser diode on the Si layer in the magneto‐optic waveguide, which is a concept of garnet photonics (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory of nonradiative transitions of hot carriers in Si/SiO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Poddubny A. N. , Moskalenko A. S. , Prokofiev A. A. , Goupalov S. V. , Yassievich I. N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEnergy relaxation of hot electrons and holes confined in silicon nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 matrix is studied theoretically. Phonon‐assisted transitions rates strongly depend on nanocrystal diameter ranging from 108 s–1 to 10–12 s–1.The Auger‐like transitions are found to be considerably faster and lead to rapid energy exchange within electron‐hole pair (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)