bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Steroids for Edema, Ecchymosis, and Intraoperative Bleeding in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Koc Sema , Gürbüzler Levent , Yaman Hüseyin , Eyibilen Ahmet , Süren Mustafa , Kaya Ziya , Yelken Kursat , Aladağ Ibrahim 
Published: March 2011

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effectiveness of steroids on periorbital edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative bleeding in patients who underwent open rhinoplasty with osteotomy. Methods Forty patients were divided into three groups: those in group 1 (n = 15) were given a single dose of 1-mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) methylprednisolone, those in group 2 (n = 15) were given a single dose of 3-mg/kg i.v. methylprednisolone preoperatively, and group 3 (n = 10) was the control group. Eyelid edema and periorbital soft-tissue ecchymosis were evaluated separately using a scale of 0–4. Results In groups using the steroid preoperatively, periorbital edema and ecchymosis were significantly lower compared with the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen clinically or statistically in preventing or reducing either the periorbital ecchymosis or the periorbital edema between groups 1 and 2. Also, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of bleeding (p > 0.05). No complications with regard to the operation or steroid use were observed. Conclusion Our results support that steroids significantly decrease periorbital ecchymosis and periorbital edema in open rhinoplasty with osteotomy. Additionally, our results suggest that if the dose of steroids is adjusted according to body weight, there is no significant benefit in a single dose of 3 mg/kg of methylprednisolone over a lower dose of 1 mg/kg and there is no need for higher doses of methylprednisolone administration.
The Status of the Olfactory Cleft May Predict Postoperative Olfactory Function in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Kim Dae Woo , Kim Jin-Young , Jeon Sea-Yuong 
Published: March 2011

Background Preoperative inflammation of the olfactory cleft may cause not only the obstruction of this area, but also damage of the olfactory neuroepithelium, resulting in anosmia. Therefore, the evaluation of the affected olfactory cleft by computed tomography (CT) might help predict postoperative olfaction. Methods Fifty-two patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps were examined preoperatively and at 6 months after surgery. OMU CT was obtained preoperatively and olfactory function tests such as the butanol threshold test, the cross-cultural smell identification test, and questionnaires were performed at the initial preoperative visit and at 6 months after surgery. The correlation between the status of the olfactory cleft on CT and the postoperative olfactory results were investigated. Results The findings of olfactory cleft opacification and the CT scores had a negative correlation with preoperative olfactory results (p < 0.05). The olfactory cleft opacification showed a stronger correlation with the preoperative olfactory results than the CT score. The total olfactory cleft opacification score and anterior olfactory cleft opacification score (AOCS) were more significantly correlated with the postoperative olfactory results than the other parameters (p < 0.05). Among the CT findings, the AOCS was a significant prognostic factor of olfactory results after surgery; these findings were significant on multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05). The postoperative olfactory scores and the improvement of olfactory scores after surgery were increased more in the mild AOCS group than in the moderate and severe AOCS groups (p < 0.05). Recovery and normosmia rates were much better in the mild AOCS group in this study (p < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative CT findings, especially the anterior portion of the olfactory cleft, had a statistically significant association with the postoperative olfactory results in patients with CRS with nasal polyps.
Blame and Accountability 1: Understanding Blame and Blame Pathologies
Authors: O'Connor Nick , Kotze Beth , Wright Murray 
Published: March 2011

Objective: In this first paper the role and dynamics of blame in the context of medical critical incidents is examined. Blame pathologies are described and the complex nature of medical adverse events and the environment are explored. Methods: The literature is examined and a case scenario explored. Results: Evidence regarding effects of a ‘blame culture’ on clinicians and organizations is presented. In an accompanying second paper the place of accountability in relation to clinicians and health organizations is elucidated. Conclusions: The necessary conditions for an accountable, responsive, fair and transparent health culture are proposed.
Benchmarking Forensic Mental Health Organizations
Authors: Coombs Tim , Taylor Monica , Pirkis Jane 
Published: March 2011

Objective: This paper describes the forensic mental health forums that were conducted as part of the National Mental Health Benchmarking Project (NMHBP). These forums encouraged participating organizations to compare their performance on a range of key performance indicators (KPIs) with that of their peers. Method: Four forensic mental health organizations took part in the NMHBP. Representatives from these organizations attended eight benchmarking forums at which they documented their performance against previously agreed KPIs. They also undertook three special projects which explored some of the factors that might explain inter-organizational variation in performance. Results: The inter-organizational range for many of the indicators was substantial. Observing this led participants to conduct the special projects to explore three factors which might help explain the variability – seclusion practices, delivery of community mental health services, and provision of court liaison services. The process of conducting the special projects gave participants insights into the practices and structures employed by their counterparts, and provided them with some important lessons for quality improvement. Conclusions: The forensic mental health benchmarking forums have demonstrated that benchmarking is feasible and likely to be useful in improving service performance and quality.
The National Community Mental Health Care Project in Vietnam: a Review for Future Guidance
Authors: Ng Chee Hong , Than Phong Thai , La Cuong Duc , Van Than Quang , Van Dieu Chu 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to review the national community mental health care (CMHC) project in Vietnam and recommend improvements to the model based on findings reported at a national workshop of major service providers, and supplemented by information gathered from site visits and discussions with mental health leaders, professionals and stakeholders in the hospital and community mental health services. Conclusion: Since 2000, the CMHC project has been carried out in all 63 provinces with an overall national district coverage of around 64% and a total registry of 145 160 patients. It demonstrates a commitment by the government to integrate mental health into primary health care, in line with the World Health Organization recommendations, and set up a national community mental health network. Free treatment is provided for patients, mostly with schizophrenia (62.83%) and epilepsy (34.78%), at the local community level, and a national monitoring system is well established. However, the limitations include the lack of project funds, human resources and facilities, treatment scope, and linkages with families and community. A revised model of CMHC that builds on the strengths of existing services is proposed. While progress in community mental health care in Vietnam has been significant, many challenges facing the CMHC project need addressing.
Decentralized adaptive output‐feedback control for stochastic interconnected systems with stochastic unmodeled dynamic interactions
Authors: Yu Xin , Xie Xue‐Jun , Wu Yu‐Qiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of decentralized adaptive output‐feedback regulation for stochastic nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown virtual control coefficients, stochastic unmodeled dynamic interactions. The main contributions of the paper are as follows: (1) This paper presents the first result on decentralized output‐feedback control for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients; (2) For stochastic interconnected systems with stochastic integral input‐to‐state stable unmodeled dynamics, and more general nonlinear uncertain interconnections which depend upon the outputs of subsystems and the stochastic unmodeled dynamics, a decentralized output‐feedback controller is designed to drive the outputs and states to the origin almost surely. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process fault prognosis using a fuzzy‐adaptive unscented Kalman predictor
Authors: Tian Xuemin , Cao Yu Ping , Chen Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBy monitoring the future process status via information prediction, process fault prognosis is able to give an early alarm and therefore prevent faults, when the faults are still in their early stages. A fuzzy‐adaptive unscented Kalman filter (FAUKF)‐based predictor is proposed to improve the tracking and forecasting capability for process fault prognosis. The predictor combines the strong tracking concept and fuzzy logic idea. Similar to the standard adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) that employs an adaptive parameter to correct the estimation error covariance, a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic system is designed to provide a better adaptive parameter for smoothing this regulation. Compared with the standard AUKF, the proposed FAUKF has the same strong tracking ability but does not suffer from the drawback of serious tracking fluctuation. Two simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed predictor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous Titanium Coatings Through Electrophoretic Deposition of TiH2 Suspensions
Authors: Braem Annabel , Mattheys Tina , Neirinck Bram , Schrooten Jan , Van der Biest Omer , Vleugels Jef 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the biomedical field, modification of titanium surfaces to improve the osteoinductive and antibacterial behavior is widely investigated. This functionalization can be further ameliorated by providing a porous coating with high loading capacity for bioactive materials and drug delivery carriers at the implant surface. In this work, a new powder metallurgical processing route used to deposit such porous pure titanium coatings on Ti based substrates is presented. The coatings were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of TiH2 powder suspensions followed by dehydrogenation and sintering in vacuum. The use of hydrides allowed to lower the sintering temperature below that of the α–β transition of the Ti6Al4V substrate. Measurement of the tensile bond strength confirmed a strong adhesion of the porous coating. Deposition of powders with different grain sizes resulted in porous titanium coatings with varying thickness, pore morphology, and surface roughness. The possibility to extend this coating technique to complex shaped implants is highlighted.
Tailored Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Lee Duck Hyun , Lee Won Jun , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis Feature Article reviews recent progress in the tailored assembly of carbon nanotubes and graphene into three‐dimensional architectures with particular emphasis on our own research employing self‐assembly principles. Carbon nanotubes and graphene can be assembled into macroporous films, hollow spherical capsules, or hollow nanotubes, via directed assembly from solvent dispersion. This approach is cost‐effective and beneficial for large‐scale assembly, but pre‐requests stable dispersion in a solvent medium. Directed growth from a nanopatterned catalyst array is another promising approach, which enables the control of morphology and properties of graphitic materials as well as their assembly. In addition, the aforementioned two approaches can be synergistically integrated to generate a carbon hybrid assembly consisting of vertical carbon nanotubes grown on flexible graphene films. Tailored assembly relying on scalable self‐assembly principles offer viable routes that are scalable for mass production towards the ultimate utilization of graphitic carbon materials in nanoelectronics, displays, sensors, energy storage/conversion devices, and so on, including future flexible devices.
An Electrically Tuned Solid‐State Thermal Memory Based on Metal–Insulator Transition of Single‐Crystalline VO2 Nanobeams
Authors: Xie Rongguo , Bui Cong Tinh , Varghese Binni , Zhang Qingxin , Sow Chorng Haur , Li Baowen , Thong John T. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA solid‐state thermal memory that can store and retain thermal information with temperature states as input and output is demonstrated experimentally. A single‐crystal VO2 nanobeam is used, undergoing a metal–insulator transition at ∼340 K, to obtain a nonlinear and hysteresis response in temperature. It is shown that the application of a voltage bias can substantially tune the characteristics of the thermal memory, to an extent that the heat conduction can be increased ∼60%, and the output HIGH/LOW temperature difference can be amplified over two orders of magnitude compared to an unbiased device. The realization of a solid‐state thermal memory combined with an effective electrical control thus allows the development of practical thermal devices for nano‐ to macroscale thermal management.
Quantification of valve leakage rates
Authors: Meland E. , Thornhill N.F. , Lunde E. , Rasmussen M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article gives an overview of methods concerning the detection and quantification of internal leaks through valves. It also presents comparisons of the methods using new experimental data with emphasis on the spectral information in the signals. The first method utilizes known analytical relationships between acoustic emissions and fluid flow. The second method is a data‐driven comparative approach where an online signal from a leaking valve is compared with a set of saved reference signals from leaking valves. The work presents a new and improved way of leak estimation compared to what is practiced in the industry today, which will ultimately result in safer operations and reduced maintenance related costs. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
20 V stack of aqueous supercapacitors with carbon (−), titanium bipolar plates and CNT‐polypyrrole composite (+)
Authors: Zhou Xiaohang , Peng Chuang , Chen George Z. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA 20 V stack of 19 supercapacitors was fabricated from titanium bipolar plates (150 × 150 × 0.1 mm3) coated on each side with carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole composite (+) and pigment carbon black (−), and microporous polymeric separators containing aqueous KCl. Internal sealing of each cell in the stack was achieved by placing a silicone rubber washer between neighboring bipolar plates. The stack was tested by high voltage cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging and discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It approached 25 kW/kg in maximum specific power and 3.64 Wh/kg in specific energy. Performance of the stack through intermittent charging‐discharging tests in a storage period of 10 months (still ongoing) remained fairly stable. For example, it exhibited almost zero decay in capacitance after 1000 continuous galvanostatic charging‐discharging cycles in the first month of storage (10 V), and less than 6% loss in the seventh month (19 V). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
DISC1 exon 11 rare variants found more commonly in schizoaffective spectrum cases than controls
Authors: Green E.K. , Grozeva D. , Sims R. , Raybould R. , Forty L. , Gordon‐Smith K. , Russell E. , St. Clair D. , Young A.H. , Ferrier I.N. , Kirov G. , Jones I. , Jones L , Owen M.J. , O'Donovan M.C. , Craddock N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe previously performed a linkage study using families identified through probands meeting criteria for DSM‐IV schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (SABP) and observed a genome‐wide significant signal (LOD = 3.54) at chromosome 1q42 close to DISC1. An initial sequencing study of DISC1 using 14 unrelated DSM‐IV SABP samples from the linkage study identified 2 non‐synonymous coding SNPs in exon 11 in 2 separate individuals. Here we provide evidence of additional rare coding SNPs within exon 11. In sequencing exon 11 in 506 cases and 1,211 controls for variants that occurred only once, 4 additional rare variants were found in cases (P‐value = 0.008, Fisher's exact trend test). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incident cognitive impairment is elevated in the stroke belt: The REGARDS Study
Authors: Wadley Virginia G. , Unverzagt Frederick W. , McGuire Lisa C. , Moy Claudia S. , Go Rodney , Kissela Brett , McClure Leslie A. , Crowe Michael , Howard Virginia J. , Howard George 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To determine whether incidence of impaired cognitive screening status is higher in the southern Stroke Belt region of the United States than in the remaining United States.Methods:A national cohort of adults age ≥45 years was recruited by the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study from 2003 to 2007. Participants' global cognitive status was assessed annually by telephone with the Six‐Item Screener (SIS) and every 2 years with fluency and recall tasks. Participants who reported no stroke history and who were cognitively intact at enrollment (SIS >4 of 6) were included (N = 23,913, including 56% women; 38% African Americans and 62% European Americans; 56% Stroke Belt residents and 44% from the remaining contiguous United States and the District of Columbia). Regional differences in incident cognitive impairment (SIS score ≤4) were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and time between first and last assessments.Results:A total of 1,937 participants (8.1%) declined to an SIS score ≤4 at their most recent assessment, over a mean of 4.1 (±1.6) years. Residents of the Stroke Belt had greater adjusted odds of incident cognitive impairment than non‐Belt residents (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.30). All demographic factors and time independently predicted impairment.Interpretation:Regional disparities in cognitive decline mirror regional disparities in stroke mortality, suggesting shared risk factors for these adverse outcomes. Efforts to promote cerebrovascular and cognitive health should be directed to the Stroke Belt. ANN NEUROL 2011
Effect of the SA content of a novel thermo‐sensitive P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) copolymer on denatured lysozyme refolding in vitro
Authors: Jin Jia‐Yu , Guan Yi‐Xin , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel hydrogel of P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) copolymer was synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization by adding sodium acrylate (SA) to improve the phase transition properties of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The morphologies, size distribution and thermosensitive characteristics of gel particles were studied and the maximal swelling ratio and LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) of gel particles increased obviously with the addition of SA comonomer. When the protein concentration was 250 μg/mL, the optimized refolding conditions of denatured lysozyme with P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) hydrogel were that operating at the temperature of 35°C and a urea concentration of 2M, in which the mass ratio of P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) hydrogel with 4% SA copolymerized to lysozyme was 10 : 1. Under the optimized conditions, the activity recovery of lysozyme increased to 76.5% assisted by P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) gel particles compared with 55.6% by simple dilution. When refolding finished, the gel particles could be removed and recovered easily and the activity recovery of lysozyme was still as high as 61.5% after reused for 5 batches. With the addition of different amounts of SA comonomer, the hydrophobicity of the copolymer could be varied. Then the copolymerized hydrogel inhibits protein molecules aggregation more effectively through the moderate hydrophobic interactions between copolymers and protein molecules in the course of lysozyme refolding compared with the presence of PNIPAM polymer. All results above demonstrate that the P(NIPAM‐co‐SA) is a cost effective additive with tunable hydrophobicity for application in the refolding of recombinant proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in vitro. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The interface interaction between water‐soluble chitosan (DD = 50%) and peroxide bleached reed kraft pulp
Authors: Gu Wenjuan , Li Houbin , Zhan Huaiyu , Ding Jun , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe adsorption and the interactions of water‐soluble chitosan (DD = 50%) with main components of reed pulp suspensions were investigated with phenol/sulfuric acid spectrophotometry, microelctrophoresis, and retention/drainage methods. The results showed that the Zeta potential of peroxide bleached reed kraft pulp transformed from negative to zero and then to positive because of the adsorption of water‐soluble chitosan. Nonelectrostatic forces (hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals force) existed between the fibers and water‐soluble chitosan; electrostatic force existed between cellulose fines and water‐soluble chitosan. The experimental results showed that the fines existed in pulp suspension would aggregate upon the addition of water‐soluble chitosan. The degree of flocculation was affected by the type of cellulose substrates, the electrolyte concentration and pH in the background. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the flocculation performance of water‐soluble chitosan decreased slightly for unwashed pulp, whereas the flocculation efficiency of water‐soluble chitosan decreased significantly for fine suspension. These adsorption and flocculation resulted in excellent drainage performance of reed pulp, for example, the 0SR of cellulosic pulp was reduced by about 39 or 18% at CNaCl = 0 mol/L, at pH 5 or pH 7, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Diazotization‐iodination of aromatic amines in water mediated by crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) supported sodium nitrite
Authors: Karimi Zarchi Mohammad Ali , Ebrahimi Nahid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn Efficient and simple method for the diazotization of a wide range of aryl amines has been developed by using a polymer‐supported sodium nitrite. The diazotization of aryl amines occurred with crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐supported sodium nitrite, in the presence of concentrated H2SO4, at low temperature (0–5°C). The obtained diazonium salt, followed by treatment with KI in water at room temperature or at 60°C to produce a various of aryl iodides. The spent polymeric reagent can be regenerated and reused for several times without losing its activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of 5,7‐Dihydroxycoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Chin Yi‐Ping , Huang Wei‐Jan , Hsu Feng‐Lin , Lin Yuh‐Ling , Lin Mei‐Hsiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study examines the synthesis and antibacterial activities of 5,7‐dihydroxycoumarin derivatives, whose structures were confirmed using analytical and spectral data. Twenty compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities against five microbial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium were studied. Compounds 5 and 12 exhibited the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 2.5 µg/mL for each of the compounds.