bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for the onset and persistence of neck pain in undergraduate students: 1-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Kanchanomai Siriluck , Janwantanakul Prawit , Pensri Praneet , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Although neck pain is common in young adulthood, studies on predictive factors for its onset and persistence are scarce. It is therefore important to identify possible risk factors among young adults so as to prevent the development of neck pain later in life.

Methods
A prospective study was carried out in healthy undergraduate students. At baseline, a self-administered questionnaire and standardized physical examination were used to collect data on biopsychosocial factors. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months thereafter, follow-up data were collected on the incidence of neck pain. Those who reported neck pain on ≥ 2 consecutive follow-ups were categorized as having persistent neck pain. Two regression models were built to analyze risk factors for the onset and persistence of neck pain.

Results
Among the recruited sample of 684 students, 46% reported the onset of neck pain between baseline and 1-year follow-up, of whom 33% reported persistent neck pain. The onset of neck pain was associated with computer screen position not being level with the eyes and mouse position being self-rated as suitable. Factors that predicted persistence of neck pain were position of the keyboard being too high, use of computer for entertainment < 70% of total computer usage time, and students being in the second year of their studies.

Conclusion
Neck pain is quite common among undergraduate students. This study found very few proposed risk factors that predicted onset and persistence of neck pain. The future health of undergraduate students deserves consideration. However, there is still much uncertainty about factors leading to neck pain and more research is needed on this topic.
Comparative analysis of the Spirulina platensis subcellular proteome in response to low- and high-temperature stresses: uncovering cross-talk of signaling components
Authors: Kurdrid Pavinee , Senachak Jittisak , Sirijuntarut Matura , Yutthanasirikul Rayakorn , Phuengcharoen Phuttawadee , Jeamton Wattana , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Cheevadhanarak Supapon , Hongsthong Apiradee 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The present study focused on comparative proteome analyses of low- and high-temperature stresses and potential protein-protein interaction networks, constructed by using a bioinformatics approach, in response to both stress conditions.
The data revealed two important points: first, the results indicate that low-temperature stress is tightly linked with oxidative stress as well as photosynthesis; however, no specific mechanism is revealed in the case of the high-temperature stress response. Second, temperature stress was revealed to be linked with nitrogen and ammonia assimilation. Moreover, the data also highlighted the cross-talk of signaling pathways. Some of the detected signaling proteins, e.g., Hik14, Hik26 and Hik28, have potential interactions with differentially expressed proteins identified in both temperature stress conditions. Some differentially expressed proteins found in the Spirulina protein-protein interaction network were also examined for their physical interactions by a yeast two hybrid system (Y2H). The Y2H results obtained in this study suggests that the potential PPI network gives quite reliable potential interactions for Spirulina. Therefore, the bioinformatics approach employed in this study helps in the analysis of phenomena where proteome analyses of knockout mutants have not been carried out to directly examine for specificity or cross-talk of signaling components.
Abdominal only CPR during cardiac arrest for a patient with an LVAD during resternotomy: A case report
Authors: Rottenberg Eric M , Heard Jarrett , Hamlin Robert , Sun Benjamin C , Awad Hamdy 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We present a case in which a patient with a previous sternotomy and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation developed cardiac arrest during resternotomy for LVAD exchange. The surgeon refused chest compressions for fear of potential damage to the inflow cannula directly beneath the sternum. The perioperative team had no alternatives to external cardiac massage other than rapid deployment of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation for mechanical support, so the anesthesiologist advised the nursing personnel to perform abdominal only cardiopulmonary resuscitation while the surgeon performed a femoral bypass to cannulate the groin for extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Dynamic monitors of brain function: a new target in neurointensive care unit
Authors: Bosco Enrico , Marton Elisabetta , Feletti Alberto , Scarpa Bruno , Longatti Pierluigi , Zanatta Paolo , Giorgi Emanuele , Sorbara Carlo 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings and continuous electroencephalography (EEG) are important tools with which to predict Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores. Their combined use may potentially allow for early detection of neurological impairment and more effective treatment of clinical deterioration.

Methods
We followed up 68 selected comatose patients between 2007 and 2009 who had been admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Treviso Hospital after being diagnosed with subarachnoid haemorrhage (51 cases) or intracerebral haemorrhage (17 cases). Quantitative brain function monitoring was carried out using a remote EEG-SEP recording system connected to a small amplification head box with 28 channels and a multimodal stimulator (NEMO; EBNeuro, Italy NeMus 2; EBNeuro S.p.A., Via P. Fanfani 97/A - 50127 Firenze, Italy). For statistical analysis, we fit a binary logistic regression model to estimate the effect of brain function monitoring on the probability of GOS scores equal to 1. We also designed a proportional odds model for GOS scores, depending on amplitude and changes in both SEPs and EEG as well as on the joint effect of other related variables. Both families of models, logistic regression analysis and proportional odds ratios, were fit by using a maximum likelihood test and the partial effect of each variable was assessed by using a likelihood ratio test.

Results
Using the logistic regression model, we observed that progressive deterioration on the basis of EEG was associated with an increased risk of dying by almost 24% compared to patients whose condition did not worsen according to EEG. SEP decreases were also significant; for patients with worsening SEPs, the odds of dying increased to approximately 32%. In the proportional odds model, only modifications of Modified Glasgow Coma Scale scores and SEPs during hospitalisation statistically significantly predicted GOS scores. Patients whose SEPs worsened during the last time interval had an approximately 17 times greater probability of a poor GOS score compared to the other patients.

Conclusions
The combined use of SEPs and continuous EEG monitoring is a unique example of dynamic brain monitoring. The temporal variation of these two parameters evaluated by continuous monitoring can establish whether the treatments used for patients receiving neurocritical care are properly tailored to the neurological changes induced by the lesions responsible for secondary damage.
Layer Charge Density of Smectites — Closing the Gap Between the Structural Formula Method and the Alkyl Ammonium Method
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Dohrmann Reiner , Stucki Joseph W. , Anastácio Alexandre S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe layer charge density (LCD) of montmorillonite represents the permanent negative charge, its most important property. The LCD can be determined by two different methods, the structural formula method(SF M) and the alkylammonium method (AAM). Other methods of determining the LCD are calibrated against one or the other of these. The results of the two methods differ systematically: SFM values are larger than AAM values and the difference increases with increasing layer charge density. In the present study, the critical parameters of both methods were considered quantitatively in order to identify the most likely reason for the systematic difference. One particularly important argument against the validity of the SFM is that typical SFM values correspond to unrealistically large CEC values that have never been reported. In addition, SFM does not consider the variable charge which causes cations to be adsorbed to the outer surface (at pH >4). In contrast to minor constituents, which can of course also affect SFM values, the variable charge can explain only part of the systematic difference. The exchange of pure smectite samples with both Cu-trien andalkyla mmonium revealedthe presence of non-exchangeable, nonstructural cations (Na, K, Ca). These cations, together with 10% (or more) variable charge, may explain the differences in LCD values. The non-exchangeable, non-structural cations could stem from undetected traces of feldspar or volcanic glass. The present samples indicated that the systematic difference in LCD values between the two methods is related to the amount of non-exchangeable, non-structural cations only, indicating that the two LCD methods probe different features of smectites. Using the SFM on pure smectite provides a value for the total number of charges (permanent with andwithout fixed (= non-exchangeable, non-structural) cations plus variable charge). The AAM, on the other hand, provides the charge density of the exchangeable cations (without variable charge).
Evaluation of the MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit for the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A in human whole blood employing isotopically labeled internal standards
Authors: Ji Misuk , Kim Sollip , Chung Hee-Jung , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is widely used for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants given to transplant recipients. This study evaluated the performance of the newly introduced MassTrak Immunosuppressant XE Kit (Waters Corporation; “the Kit”) in the determination of everolimus and cyclosporin A (CsA) using LC-MS/MS.The linearity, precision, detection limit, carryover and matrix effect of the Kit and comparison of the in-house method and Kit procedure were evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.The Kit afforded good linearity in the measurement of everolimus from 2 to 26 ng/mL (RThe Kit employing isotopically labeled internal standards provides reliable measurements of immunosuppressant levels over a broad range of concentrations.
Cloud Computing — An Industry Perspective
Authors: Breiter Gerd , Spatzier Thomas , Behrendt Michael 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Cloud computing is a new way in which IT is provided and consumed, enabling a gain in flexibility and cost-efficiency. In this paper, we give an industry perspective on cloud computing, discussing both consumer aspects as well as provider aspects that go along with that phenomenon. We present cloud computing as an evolutionary step based on advances in technology and economy, and in essence as the industrialization of IT. We will have a closer look at the concept of cloud services, including aspect like service templates, or service lifecycle, and we present an architecture enabling the efficient management of a cloud. Finally, we elaborate on aspects such as security and trust as well as standardization.
An Approach to XML Information Retrieval in Distributed Systems
Authors: Winter Judith 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Modern search engines are quite successful in finding relevant documents by using Information Retrieval techniques. However, the centralized architecture of systems such as Google raises concerns in regard of the possibility to censure and to manipulate information. Promising alternatives are peer-to-peer search engines that organize themselves without any central index. We propose a distributed search engine that exploits XML structure of documents in order to improve effectiveness (search quality) and efficiency (resources) of the search. The developed system is based on a set of equal and autonomous peers. It is the first solution of its kind worldwide for distributed XML-Retrieval.
FLT3 Inhibition as Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Record of Trials and Tribulations
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Chabner Bruce A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Incorporate FLT3 mutational status into the initial diagnostic evaluation of AML to acquire prognostic information and guide the aggressiveness of consolidative therapy.Select FLT3-mutant patients to participate in clinical trials of FLT3 inhibitors in order to help provide important insight into the future utility and promise of these compounds as adjuncts to therapy.This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.comAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. Approximately one quarter of the patients with AML also carry an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in the gene encoding FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), which has a significantly deleterious impact on prognosis. The ITD mutation renders FLT3 constitutively active and leads to uncontrolled proliferation of the leukemic blast. Over the course of the last decade, a variety of compounds have been developed in preclinical and clinical studies as potent inhibitors of FLT3. Many of the earlier agents under investigation, such as lestaurtinib, midostaurin, and sunitinib, were initially developed as inhibitors of other tyrosine kinases and as targeted therapies in a variety of malignancies. These compounds have been demonstrated to have some efficacy in clinical trials of AML, mainly manifesting as transient decreases in circulating blasts correlating with effective in vivo suppression of the FLT3 target. Nevertheless, the cumbersome pharmacokinetics of some compounds and the suboptimal specificity and potency of others have limited their therapeutic efficacy. In the last few years, newer, more potent and specific agents have been under investigation, with the leading example being AC220. This agent has shown significant promise in early phases of clinical investigation, and is currently in more advanced clinical trials. Hope remains that FLT3 inhibition will be become an effective therapeutic adjunct to our current treatment approach to AML.
68.1: Capacitance‐Voltage Characteristics of Top Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Mobile Display Application
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Lee Kang‐Ju , Kim Min‐ki , Kim Jong‐sung , Yoo Choong‐keun , Oh Hyong‐Yoon , Yoon Sooyoung , Kim Chang‐Dong , Hwang Yong‐Kee 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, Capacitance‐Voltage (CV) measurements as a powerful technique to analyze electric properties of Top emitting OLED (TOLED) devices are introduced. After comparing CV characteristics between inverted TOLED and conventional TOLED with thin metal, it is found that inverted OLED struggles charge injection, especially electron injection. Here Current‐Voltage‐Luminance (IVL) and CV characteristics are carefully analyzed for single carrier devices and dual carrier devices systematically. Top emitting OLED (TOLED) with thin metal cathode shows more efficient electron injection and higher efficiency than that of inverted OLED, which is attributed to the order of thermal deposition of organic/metal layers.
68.2: Using Rigorous Electromagnetic Analysis in Modeling OLEDs with Gratings
Authors: Yeh Wen‐Lan , Chiou Yih‐Peng , Lin Chun‐Liang , Chen Chieh‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Chun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a stable and efficient electromagnetic analysis for the influence of grating on light extraction in organic light emitting diodes. By this approach, the trend of the output power and mode distribution variance with the change of structure parameters could be predicted before the experiments.
69.2: Novel Viewing Angle Control Technology with Single‐Cell LCD
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hsiang , Yeh Chao‐Wei , Liao Chien‐Huang , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have developed a new viewing angle control (VAC) technology by using unbalanced domain design. With this approach, a switchable viewing angle control function which provides users the privacy protection mode and the wide viewing mode can be realized with a single‐cell panel. The advantages of light weight and slim characteristics make it appropriate for portable display applications. Besides, high transmittance performance in the wide viewing mode and the ease of integration with the established LCD technology provide another benefits for LCD manufacturers as well.
69.4: High Speed In‐Plane Switching LCD with Free Retardation
Authors: Lee Joun‐Ho , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kang Wan Seok , Lee Gi‐Dong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe propose a high speed In‐Plane Switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) with free retardation and wide view property. The proposed IPS mode can considerably reduce the response time of the LC cell. The optical configuration of the proposed IPS LC cell is composed of an A‐plate and LC layer. We could achieve a fast response time without any change of an LC material in transmissive mode. The calculated and experimental results for an optical response of the proposed LC cell have shown a significant reduction of the falling time. Also, we investigated an optical configuration for wide viewing angle property of the high speed IPS LCD and compared iso‐luminance with the conventional IPS LC cell.
70.1: Distinguished Paper: Achieving High Color Reproduction Accuracy in LCDs for Color‐Critical Applications
Authors: Silverstein Louis D. , Hashmi Syed F. , Lang Karl , Krupinski Elizabeth A. , Dallas William , Roehrig Hans 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA methodology and associated software modules for calibration, characterization and profiling of color LCDs for color‐critical applications such as medical imaging is described. Supporting analyses reveal very high color reproduction accuracy as determined by CIE DE2000 color differences for 210 test colors uniformly distributed in CIE Lab color space.
70.4: Optical Characterization of Scattering Anti‐Glare Layers
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Neumeier Jürgen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present methods for evaluation of the visual sparkle of anti‐glare treated surfaces and compare the results to visual ratings of expert observers. In addition we measure and characterize the reduction of image clarity induced by the scattering of microstructured AG‐surfaces and the reduction of unwanted reflections achieved by the anti‐glare layers.
71.2: Color Displays Using Reconfigurable Liquid Droplets
Authors: Xu Su , Ren Hongwen , Liu Yifan , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate a transmissive color display using reconfigurable liquid droplets whose surface profile can be reshaped by voltage. At V=0, the incident light is absorbed by the black surrounding liquid, resulting in a dark state. As the dielectric force increases, the dome of the liquid droplet could touch the top substrate and become flat, a dielectric effect‐induced light channel is open and the beam is transmitted. While the voltage is removed, the droplet recovers to its original spherical shape. This polarization‐independent liquid display shows a fast response.
71.4: Invited Paper: Imaging via Backlights
Authors: Travis Adrian , Emerton Neil , Large Tim , Chen Liying , Bathiche Steven 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have used a wedge light guide to capture images in front of an LCD as if from a point deep behind. We have also used it to illuminate an LCD so as to be visible to only one viewer. These two features offer the prospect of a digital window.
72.1: Invited Paper: High Performance White OLEDs for Next Generation Solid State Lightings
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Tsuji Hiroya , Yamae Kazuyuki , Varutt Kittichungchit , Matsuhisa Yuko , Ide Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTwo‐unit fluorescent/phosphorescent OLED system with a light outcoupling substrate gives high efficacy of over 55 lm/W and quite long half decay lifetime of over 150,000 h at 1,000 cd/m2. White OLED lighting panels of 8 cm × 8 cm for high luminance operation were fabricated and quite stable emission at 3,000 cd/m2 was confirmed. All phosphorescent white OLEDs on the light outcoupling substrate show higher efficacy of about 70 lm/W and with a fairly good half decay lifetime of over 30,000 h. With a further voltage reduction and a high index spherical extractor, about 120 lm/Wat 1,000 cd/m2 has been achieved.
72.3: Large‐area OLED Lighting Panel with Good Optical Performance
Authors: Lin Chun‐Liang , Lee Meng‐Ting , Chen Chieh‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Chun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a single, large‐area OLED lighting panel of 245×295 mm2 with 50 lm/W efficacy, correlated color temperature of 3000K and color‐rendering index of 80 at 1500 cd/m2 has been demonstrated. Short reduction layer and metal grids are adopted to solve the particle issue and improve the luminance variation of the intra‐panel for less than 15%, respectively. In addition, a light extraction film with bulk light scattering function is attached to the OLED lighting panel for improving the total lighting flux by a factor of 1.5. And also, the color shift (Δv'u') with viewing angles from 0 (normal direction) to 60 degree can be suppressed to 0.005.
P‐1: An Integral Imaging Display With Wide Viewing Angle
Authors: Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Li Da‐Hai , Wang Fang‐Ning 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn integral imaging (II) display having wide viewing angle is proposed. The pitch of the elemental image is larger than that of the micro‐lens and the diagonal lines of the micro‐lens array and the elemental image array are aligned. The experimental results demonstrate that the viewing angle of the proposed II display is wider than that of the conventional II display.
P‐3: Crosstalk Visibility in Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: Kang Dong‐Hoon , Bae Kyung‐Sung , Yoon Gi‐Cheon , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe cognitive strength of crosstalk in stereoscopic 3D display is investigated, and new quantitative analyzing method based on the grayscale level difference was tried. Unlike the existing metrics, the result by new method accords with the perceived strength of crosstalk even in images of different grayscales.
P‐5: A High Resolution Multi‐View 2D/3D Display with HxDP Arrangement and its Optical Characterization
Authors: Shigemura Koji , Niioka Shinya , Masumura Kazunori , Asada Hideki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have developed a multi‐view 2D/3D Display with the HxDP (Horizontally x times‐Density Pixels) arrangement. The multi‐view display features the same display resolution in 2D and 3D modes and simultaneously displays 2D and 3D images on the same screen. It has excellent optical characteristics: a low 3D crosstalk of less than 2%, a large QSVS (Qualified Stereoscopic Viewing Space), and a smooth motion parallax.
P‐6: Improvement in the 3D Image Crosstalk on Double‐Layer Liquid‐Crystal 3D Display
Authors: Lin Shih‐Chieh , Lin Hsiang‐Tan , Chiu Chun‐Chieh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper proposed a key factor, cell gap, to optimize 3D image quality of double‐layer liquid crystal 3D display. This method is used because the 3D image quality of this display is insufficient. In this paper, we have the experiments and analysis to proof the relationship between cell gap and 3D quality.