bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence multi‐laser scanning microscopy of the cornea and ocular adnexa: a new era for functional confocal microscopy in ophthalmology
Authors: THURET G , ESPINASSE M , GRIVET D , HE Z , CAMPOLMI N , PERROT JL , LABEILLE B , CAMBAZARD F , GAIN P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a routine investigation for the ocular surface in reference centres. It provides high resolution pseudo histology. Nevertheless its unique laser source and imaging principle (reflectance) only provide morphological information. Multi‐laser and fluorescence laser scanning microscope add a supplementary dimension by allowing the use of fluorescent markers liable to provide specific functional dataMethods Ex vivo animal and human corneas, healthy volunteers and patients were successively examined using the multilaser vivascope 1500 (MAVIG GmbH, Germany) equipped with 3 lasers (488, 658, 785nm) and the corresponding emission (Em) filter sets. For each excitation (Ex) wavelength (λ), 3 observation modes were available: reflexion (all λ), pure reflectance (λEx = λEm), fluorescence (3 specific band pass). Ex vivo, all corneal layers were analysed without preparation and after topical application of Fluoresceine (F) and Indocyanine green (ICG) and of numerous other molecules. Topical instillation and of intraveinous injection of F and ICG were analysed in healthy volunteers and in patientsResults Using reflexion and reflectance, the 3 Ex λ gave complementary structural informations with the highest resolution obtained at 488nm. Topical markers helped identify specific cell populations and intracellular structures. Intraveinous ICG was inefficient whereas fluo provide highly contrasted conjunctival imagesConclusion IVCM coupled with fluorescence opens a new era in the clinical imaging of the ocular surface and probably more largely in Ophthalmology. A new semeiology remains to be learned
Spatial arrangement of collagen fibrils in normal and keratoconus human cornea studied by low‐frequency dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: TARNAWSKA D , KOCOT A , JASTRZEBSKA M , WYLEGALA E , RATUSZNA A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Spatial structure of collagen lamellae of the human cornea is thought to be an important determinant of corneal rigidity. Analysis of the low‐frequency (1–107 Hz) dielectric spectra of the normal and keratoconus human cornea in the temperature range of 140‐300 K and for different hydration states were examined.Methods For the measurements, the 100 – 200 μm specimens containing the middle layers of corneal stroma were used. The 9 specimens of healthy, control corneas from Eye Bank were obtained with second microkeratom section during Ultra Thin‐DSAEK. The 12 specimens of keratoconus corneas were manually prepared from corneas removed during penetrating keratoplasty.Results Experimental results were interpreted in terms of ionic diffusion and space charge polarization according to the Sawada’s theory. The new presentation of the dielectric spectra, i.e.: (delta eps’/delta ln f)*f, was used. The presented method and the Sawada’s expression were applied to the analysis of the changes in spatial molecular structure of collagen fibril network in human cornea.Conclusion Fitting procedure of the theoretical function to the experimental data allowed us to determine two diffusive relaxation regions with two structural distance parameters ds, describing spatial arrangement of collagen fibrils in cornea.
Tear film break‐up time evaluation by real‐time wavefront aberrometry in normal subjects
Authors: DJABAROUTI M , ZAKARI W , NOCHEZ Y , PISELLA PJ , GICQUEL JJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate tear break‐up time (BUT) with repeated higher order wavefront aberrations (HOA) measurements.Methods Wavefront aberrations up to the sixth order for a 4‐mm pupil were measured in 10 subjects using the IRX3 (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) Hartmann‐Shack (H‐S) aberrometer. The aberrometry was performed once every second for up to 20 seconds. HOA measurements were performed 3 times in a row. HOAvariations were compared with the BUT by the conventional fluorescein method (CFM).Results In 9 patients out of 10 there was an excellent correlation between the HOA variation and the BUT recorded by the CFM. There was also an excellent reproducibility of the HOA measurements in all patients.Conclusion H‐S aberrometry can be used in our daily practice for an objective and reproducible assessment of the BUT.
Corneal respiratory function by FAD autofluorescence lifetime
Authors: BATISTA A , LOUREIRO C , DOMINGUES JP , SILVA JS , MORGADO AM 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose We intend to develop an efficient method to assess in‐vivo the corneal respiratory function in order to diagnose corneal cells dysfunction prior to its pathologic expression.Methods Metabolic alterations can be assessed by measuring the amount of the metabolic co‐factors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). FAD has advantages over NADH, like being present only in the mitochondria. Furthermore, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we are able to discriminate between its free or protein‐bound states. We resorted to a PicoQuant MicroTime 100 (PicoQuant GmbH, Berlin, Germany) coupled to an Olympus BX51 Microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). This setup uses a pulsed blue diode laser with a trigger frequency of 40 MHz with an excitation filter of 440±10 nm. Intensity decay curves were processed with SymPhoTime v5.3 Software (PicoQuant GmbH). The instrument response function was acquired to improve data analysis precision.Results We successfully acquired ex‐vivo autofluorescence images of male Wistar rat and Bovine corneas. A bi‐exponential decay was observed in both cases with a fast decay around 1 ns and a longer one around 4 ns, which correspond to protein‐bound and free FAD, respectively. These results are in accordance with other studies, although there is some controversy regarding FAD lifetimes.Conclusion We showed that it is possible, with our apparatus, to acquire metabolic images of the cornea using FAD autofluorescence. We intend to modify the instrument optical setup in order to acquire reflectance and fluorescence lifetime images simultaneously for corneal layer identification.
Blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 lowers intraocular pressure and prevents retinal degeneration in an animal model of glaucoma
Authors: DENOYER A , FRUGIER J , GODEFROY D , DEGARDIN J , BRIGNOLE‐BAUDOUIN F , HARRISON JK , ROSTENE W , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 lowers intraocular pressure and prevents retinal degeneration in an animal model of glaucoma.Methods Twenty Long‐Evans male rats underwent episcleral vein cauterization in order to induce stable elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). CXCR3 antagonist or the vehicle only were subconjunctivaly injected in glaucomatous eyes (n=10 in each), which were assessed for IOP weekly during two months. Aqueous humor outflow and trabecular filtrating function were studied using fluorophotometry and microsphere trabecular trapping respectively. Retinal nerve fiber density was quantified by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and optokinetic testing was performed to assess visual function.Results IOP was significantly decreased during 6 weeks in glaucomatous eyes treated with CXCR3 antagonist as compared to untreated eyes.(P<0.01 at each time point) CXCR3 antagonism increased aqueous humor outflow (P<0.01) by improving the trabecular filtrating function.(P<0.01) Retinal nerve fiber density was higher in treated glaucomatous eyes than in untreated eyes,(P<0.01) and correlated with a better visual function in eyes receiving the CXCR3 antagonist.(P<0.01)Conclusion In vivo blockade of CXCR3 in a rat model of glaucoma improves the trabecular filtrating function and subsequent aqueous humor outflow, further protecting the retina against IOP‐related degeneration.
Outcome improvement of glaucoma filtration surgery through the effect of local rock‐inhibition on wound healing
Authors: SIJNAVE D , HOLLANDERS K , VAN BERGEN T , VAN DE VELDE S , VANDEWALLE E , MOONS L , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a local ROCK‐inhibitor; AMA0076 (Amakem NV) for improving surgical outcome, after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model.Methods The in vivo effects of local ROCK‐inhibition were investigated in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery (n=5 per histological analysis group). Topical treatment with AMA0076 (study eye) and vehicle (control eye) was administered every day 3x/day (9h/13h/17h) from day 1 after surgery. Treatment outcome was studied by clinical investigation (IOP; intraocular pressure, bleb area and bleb survival) as well as immunohistological analyses for inflammation (CD45), angiogenesis (CD31) and collagen deposition (Sirius Red) at day 3, 8 and 14 after surgery.Results Bleb survival showed no difference between treated and non‐treated eyes however, there a trend (p=0,09) can be distinguished. Topical treatment of AMA0076 reduced inflammation on day 3 (p=0.036) and day 8 (p=0.044) as well as angiogenesis on day 8 (p=0.04). There were no differences in collagen deposition.Conclusion Targeting ROCK with a local ROCK inhibitor, AMA0076, is efficacious in reducing inflammation and angiogenesis on several time points in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery. These results render ROCK an interesting target to increase the success rate of filtration surgery and point to potential therapeutic benefits of the local ROCK inhibitor, AMA0076.
Natural history of an early diagnosed retinocytoma: case report and literature review
Authors: DE FRANCESCO S , GALLUZZI P , RENIERI A , BORRI M , MAZZERA L , MENICACCI C , HADJISTILIANOU T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the ophtahlmoscopic evolution of a retinocytoma diagnosed in a 8 months old boy.Methods The patient was referred at the Referral Center for Retinoblastoma of the University of Siena, with the suspect of unilateral retinoblastoma. The boy was diagnosed as having retinocytoma based on ophthalmoscopic appearance. Monthly ophthalmoscopic and ecographic evaluation were recommended. Detailed fundus drawings and fundus photographs and descriptions of the retinocytoma were collected. The little boy underwent also MRI, genetic testing and fluorangiography.Results Throughout the months, we observed a tumor regression from avascular mass with fish‐flesh appearance and microscopic calcifications to a retinal transparent mass with calcifications, retinal cysts and surrounded by chorioretinal atrophy.Conclusion Retinocytoma is a rare benign retinal tumor with characteristic clinical features. Usually diagnosed in parents of retinoblastoma children, “silent” retinocytoma diagnosis is more rare in babies. In our case, we observed a natural “regression” of a retinocytoma in a 8 months old boy kept under close RETCAM follow‐up for the risk of malignant transformation.
Bilateral primary iris pigment epithelial cysts
Authors: MAMUNUR R , KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report a patient who presented with bilateral primary iris pigment epithelial cysts.Methods Interventional case report.Results A 30‐year‐old lady with the diagnosis of bilateral primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium was referred. Her father had been diagnosed with a uveal melanoma 13 years earlier. Two smaller circumferential midzonal iris pigment epithelial cysts and a larger inferonasal cyst located in the temporal area were observed in her right eye, and a similar but much larger cyst was observed in her left eye temporally between 1 o'clock and 6 o'clock meridians. Otherwise, the anterior and posterior segment as well as the intraocular pressure (16 mmHg) were normal. The visual acuity was 20/20 without correction, right eye, and 20/20 with a +0.75 sphere, left eye, with a shadow in the field. For the decrease of vision in her left eye the cyst was treated with neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser cystotomy without any ocular tissue damage using the Abraham iridectomy lens and a 1.0 mJ single pulse. Cystotomy resulted in immediate collapse of the cyst with no change in intraocular pressure.Conclusion Laser cystotomy yielded a favorable result. Generally, these cysts which most frequently occur in young females do not need any treatment, but transpupillary laser cystotomy is an alternative to a conservative regimen if iris the cyst is symptomatic.
Combined topical 5‐Fluoruracil and extensive surgery in the management of corneo‐conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: PARROZZANI R , PILOTTO E , DARIO A , MIGLIONICO G , MIDENA E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate safety and efficacy of combined neo‐adjuvant topical chemotherapy with 1%5‐Fluoruracil (1%5‐FU), followed by extensive surgery and adjuvant (post‐surgical) 1%5‐FU topical chemotherapy in the management of corneo‐congiuntival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods Twenty‐nine consecutive patients, with histological evidence of SCC, were included in this prospective study. Each patient was treated by combined neo‐adjuvant topical chemotherapy (1%5FU, four time daily for four week, 1 cycle), followed by extensive surgery (5 mm of free conjunctival surgical margins) with contemporary amniotic membrane reconstruction. Adjuvant topical chemotherapy was started 3 months after surgery (1%5‐FU, four time daily for four week, 1 cycle). Follow‐up was performed every 3 months for the first year and every 6 months thereafter, including clinical confocal microscopy. Follow‐up was longer than 36 months.Results Mean follow up was 56±11(range, 36‐78 years). Good functional, anatomic and aesthetic results were obtained by surgery. Two patients (5%) needed short‐term surgical amniotic membrane repositioning due to early sutures dehiscence. 1%5FU, used both as an adjuvant or neo‐adjuvant treatment caused low‐to‐mild temporary local irritation. No‐one patient discontinued therapy because of 5‐FU side effects. No other long‐ or short‐term side effects were documented. No local recurrences were documented during follow up.Conclusion Combined neo‐adjuvant topical chemotherapy with 1%5FU, extensive surgery and adjuvant 1%5FU topical chemotherapy appear a safe and effective combined treatment in the management of conjunctival SCC.
MicroRNA profiling in ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: RASMUSSEN P , HOTHER C , JOSHI T , REKER D , RALFKAER U , WORKMAN C , RALFKAER E , GRONAEK K , HEEGAARD S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate changes in microRNA (miR) expression in ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to perform a pathway analysis of differentially expressed miRs.Methods Global miR expression profiling was performed using miRCURYTM LNA miR‐arrays, v. 11.0, (Exiqon) on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue from 18 ocular adnexal EMZLs and 25 DLBCLs. The result of microarray was confirmed using quantitative real time (RT)‐PCR. Predicted and validated targets of the significantly differentially expressed miRs were obtained from MiR‐walk. Transcription factor (TF)‐miR interactions were obtained from the TransmiR database.Results The microarray results revealed two up‐regulated and 41 down‐regulated miRs in the DLBCLs compared to the EMZLs. Further, the differentially expressed miRs separated EMZLs and DLBCLs into two distinct entities using a supervised clustering analysis. These findings were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Five of the down‐regulated miRs (let‐7g, miR‐26a, miR‐29a, miR‐29c and miR‐221) were identified to be regulated negatively by MYC. A small set of miRs (let‐7g, miR‐199a‐5, miR‐26a, miR‐27a* and miR‐342‐3p) that regulate NFKB1 were all down‐regulated in the DLBCLs compared to the EMZL samples. Further, the NFKB1 regulated miRs (miR‐29a/b/c and miR‐125b) were down‐regulated significantly in the DLBCLs compared with the EMZLs (log2 fold‐changes: miR‐29a/b/c < ‐1.9 and ‐1.1 for miR‐125b).Conclusion We demonstrated that fundamental differences in miR expression exist between ocular adnexal EMZLs and DLBCLs, mainly due to differences in MYC and NF‐kB regulatory pathways.
Pink pseudohypopyon as a presenting feature of large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: MESQUIDA M , SOLE M , LLORENS V , ADAN A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe the clinicopathologic features of a patient who developed an anterior chamber (AC) infiltrate mimickina pink pseudohypopyon as a presenting feature of large B‐cell lymphoma.Methods The clinical and pathologic findings in a patient with AC infiltrates secondary to systemic B‐cell lymphoma are reviewed. Main outcome measurements were clinical observation and cytologic/flow cytometric examination of the infiltrate after AC aspiration.Results A 51‐year‐old woman was evaluated for decreased vision in her right eye. On examination, her visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye (RE) and counting fingers in the left eye. Abnormalities were confined to the RE. Slit lamp examination revealed +1 AC cells with a pink pseudohypopyion occupying 40% of the AC. The iris was corrugated and had small new vessels in the stroma. An anterior chamber aspirate was performed, and 0.8 ml of fluid was obtained. The sample was formed by 32% of lymphocytes and 54% of neutrophils. B‐lymphocytes were predominant over T‐lymphocytes (91% and 8%, respectively). Cytologic examination showed scattered atypical mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD19 in the atypical cells. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping revealed a clonal, kappa restricted population of B‐lymphocytes comprising 97% of the viable cells in the sample. These results were consistent with a large B‐cell extranodal lymphoma.Conclusion Anterior chamber/iris infiltration from systemic lymphoma is exceedingly rare, present in less than 10% of patients. Herein, we describe a patient with systemic lymphoma in whom the first manifestation was a pink pseudohypopyon.
Diagnosis of choroidal lymphoma, difficulties and possibilities
Authors: VAN GINDERDEUREN R , MISSOTTEN G , VAN CALSTER J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe a case of choroidal lymphomaMethods A 66 y old man presented with left vitritis; 3y before presentation a testicular large B‐cel lymphoma was detected and treated by 8x R‐CHOP and 4x intrathecal chemo. General and hematologic examination failed to indicate a recurrence; because of the negative vitreous biopsy, the hematologists decided to give no systemic treatment. The left eye lost slowly vision and had the aspect of diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP). After 6 methotrexaat vitreal injections, the choroid remain flat with the image of BDUMP, then very fast, a tumour was growing in the choroid and an enucleation was unavoidableResults The first vitreous biopsy showed multiple cells with a majority of macrophages (CD68+, 75%), small mature T‐Lymphocytes (CD3+, 20%) and very few larger B‐lymfocytes (CD20+, 5%). A second vitreous biopsy after 2 years showed a very cellular sample with a majority of macrophages, and small T‐lymphocytes, there were no B‐lymphocytes. 3 months later a spectacular tumour growth in all parts of the uvea necessitated an enucleation. This confirmed the diagnosis of uveal large B‐cell lymphoma, with a Ki‐67 positivity of nearly 100%Conclusion Lymphoma in the eye is a difficult diagnostic problem
Schwannoma of the ciliar body (clinical case)
Authors: SAAKYAN S , AMIRYAN AG , ZAHAROVA G , TSYGANKOV A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Schwannoma is a very rare benign intraocular tumor, arising from the uveal tract. Only several cases have been described so far in literature. We describe a case of ciliar body schwannoma.Methods A 13‐year‐old girl presented with rapid decreasing visual acuity and intraocular pressure increase for 3 months. The patient was examined with standard ophthalmological procedures. Ultrasonography with Doppler techniques and computed tomography revealed a huge tumor mass, totally filling the eye cavity. IOP was measured as 26 mmHg. The fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed no signs of tumor (retinoblastoma or uveal melanoma were expected). To prevent the tumor spread and further IOP increase, we performed the enucleation of the eyeball.Results Histologically the tumor was determined as Verocai schwannoma (cellular solid component or Antoni A type). Immunohistochemical study revealed a positive reaction for vimentin, protein S‐100 and neuronspecific enolase.Conclusion Unfortunately, it is not easy to make a differential diagnosis between the nonpigmented melanoma and schwannoma without performing an enucleation in advanced cases. Nevertheless, in our case enucleation was the appropriate method to determine this rare tumor and to administer further treatment.
New straylight issues in treatment of the eye
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Straylight exerts its deleterious effect on visual function by reducing the sensitivity of the retina for whatever visual task the retina must perform: face recognition, movement detection, color discrimination etc. It can be expected that patients suffering from a retinal condition will be handicapped by straylight twice as much. To assess retinal condition in a non‐confounded way, flicker sensitivity has been proposed. Such a test was developed on the C‐Quant. Moreover, the test serves to assess whether a paptient has sufficient flicker sensitivity for the normal straylight test itself.Methods Visual field lay‐out was identical, as well as the subject's 2AFC task, but the peripheral annulus was silent, as well as one of the two half fields in the center. The other half flield flickered at 8 Hz, with modulation depth according an adaptive staircase procedure. Outcome measure is logTCS (temporal contrast sensitivity). An uncertainty parameter (Unc) was included. Population test was performed in science fair settings on 400 subjects. Moreover in the laboratory 2 subjects were extensively tested to check whether optical defects, mimicked with trial lenses and scatter filters, affected the TCS outcome.Results Repeated measures standard deviation was 0.11 log units for the reference group using as reliability criterion unc<0.15. Normal values for logTCS were around 2 (threshold 1%) with some dependence on age (range 6‐85 years). Test outcome did not change upon a ten‐fold (optical) deterioration in visual acuity or straylight.Conclusion The test has adequate sensitivity to check a subject's capability to perform straylight assessment. The unc reliability criterion secures sufficient precision, also for assessment of retinal sensitivity loss.
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General planning and thoughts for the operation
Authors: MOURTZOUKOS S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor any surgical procedure you must get prepared prior to theatre. Technically you have to use all necessary instruments and or consumables to achieve a good result and practically you must have all the support from the stuff. Thus it is necessary to organise a plan prior to operation. A “battle plan” that allows you to get prepared for any scenarios. In order to follow your plan you will need a very good examination and documentation of all the findings. Any prioritised information prior to the surgery could improve the efficiency. In example the number and the type of breaks, the location, the possible type of sponge you may use as well as an alternative option. The decision in advance to perform or to skip significant parts of the procedure such as drain or not drain may provide as well more safety and /or efficiency.