bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of being diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Bratt Ewa-Lena , Sparud-Lundin Carina , Östman-Smith Ingegerd , Axelsson Åsa B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimTo describe the experiences of children and adolescents being screened positive for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and how this impacts their daily life.BackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary disease and the most common medical cause of sudden death in childhood and adolescence. This is the reason for recommending screening in children with an affected first-degree relative. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy implies lifestyle modifications, restrictions that may bring profound changes to the daily life of the affected individual.DesignThis is a descriptive qualitative interview study.MethodsWe interviewed 13 asymptomatic children or adolescents diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening 12–24 months after the diagnosis. Analysis was conducted with qualitative content analysis.ResultsChildren described an involuntary change, which affected their daily life with limitations and restrictions in life, both in the individual and social context. Lifestyle recommendations had the most severe impact on daily life and affected their social context. They tried to navigate in a world with new references, and after reorientation they felt hope and had faith in the future.ConclusionsChildren diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening went through an involuntary change resulting in limitations and restrictions in life. This study indicates that there is a need for support and that healthcare professionals have to consider the specific needs in these families. Our findings thus give guidance in how best to improve support to the patients and their family. Diagnosis in asymptomatic children should be accompanied by ideally multi-professional follow-up, focusing not only on medical issues.
Changes in Neuropsychological and Behavioral Functioning in Children with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea Following Tonsillectomy
Authors: Giordani Bruno , Hodges Elise K. , Guire Kenneth E. , Ruzicka Deborah L. , Dillon James E. , Weatherly Robert A. , Garetz Susan L. , Chervin Ronald D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe most common treatment for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is adenotonsillectomy (AT). Following AT, SDB resolves in most cases, and gains in cognitive and behavior scores are consistently reported, although persistent neuropsychological deficits or further declines also have been noted. This study presents results of the comprehensive 1-year follow-up neuropsychological examinations for children in the Washtenaw County Adenotonsillectomy Cohort I (95% return rate). After adjusting for normal developmental and practice-effect related changes in control children, significant improvements 1 year following AT were noted in polysomnography and sleepiness, as well as parental reports of behavior, although cognitive outcomes were mixed. Children undergoing AT with and without polysomnography-confirmed obstructive sleep apnea improved across a range of academic achievement measures, a measure of delayed visual recall, short-term attention/working memory, and executive functioning, along with parental ratings of behavior. On the other hand, measures of verbal abstraction ability, arithmetic calculations, visual and verbal learning, verbal delayed recall, sustained attention, and another measure of visual delayed recall demonstrated declines in ability, while other measures did not improve over time. These findings call into question the expectation that AT resolves most or all behavioral and cognitive difficulties in children with clinical, office-based diagnoses of SDB. (JINS, 2012,18, 212–222)
Performance Monitoring and Cognitive Control in Individuals with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Larson Michael J. , Clayson Peter E. , Farrer Thomas J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLiterature suggests that individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) show subtle abnormalities in the cognitive control process of performance monitoring. The neural bases of performance monitoring can be measured using the error-related negaitivity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential (ERP). Thirty-six individuals with mTBI and 46 demographically similar controls completed a modified color-naming Stroop task while ERPs were recorded. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine the behavioral (response times [RT] and error rates) and ERP (ERN and Pe amplitudes) indices of performance monitoring. Both groups showed slower RTs and increased error rates on incongruent trials relative to congruent trials. Likewise, both groups showed more negative ERN and more positive Pe amplitude to error trials relative to correct trials. Notably, there were no significant main effects or interactions of group for behavioral and ERP measures. Subgroup and correlational analyses with post-concussive symptoms and indices of injury severity were also not significant. Findings suggest comparable performance to non-injured individuals in some aspects of cognitive control in this sample. Neuropsychological implications and comparison with other cognitive control component processes in individuals with TBI are provided. (JINS, 2012, 18, 323–333)
Predictive modelling of interventions to improve iodine intake in New Zealand
Authors: Schiess Sonja , Cressey Peter J , Thomson Barbara M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe potential effects of four interventions to improve iodine intakes of six New Zealand population groups are assessed.DesignA model was developed to estimate iodine intake when (i) bread is manufactured with or without iodized salt, (ii) recommended foods are consumed to augment iodine intake, (iii) iodine supplementation as recommended for pregnant women is taken and (iv) the level of iodization for use in bread manufacture is doubled from 25–65 mg to 100 mg iodine/kg salt.SettingNew Zealanders have low and decreasing iodine intakes and low iodine status. Predictive modelling is a useful tool to assess the likely impact, and potential risk, of nutrition interventions.SubjectsFood consumption information was sourced from 24 h diet recall records for 4576 New Zealanders aged over 5 years.ResultsMost consumers (73–100 %) are predicted to achieve an adequate iodine intake when salt iodized at 25–65 mg iodine/kg salt is used in bread manufacture, except in pregnant females of whom 37 % are likely to meet the estimated average requirement. Current dietary advice to achieve estimated average requirements is challenging for some consumers. Pregnant women are predicted to achieve adequate but not excessive iodine intakes when 150 μg of supplemental iodine is taken daily, assuming iodized salt in bread.ConclusionsThe manufacture of bread with iodized salt and supplemental iodine for pregnant women are predicted to be effective interventions to lift iodine intakes in New Zealand. Current estimations of iodine intake will be improved with information on discretionary salt and supplemental iodine usage.
Dynamics of knowledge in DeLP through Argument Theory Change
Authors: MOGUILLANSKY MARTÍN O. , ROTSTEIN NICOLÁS D. , FALAPPA MARCELO A. , GARCÍA ALEJANDRO J. , SIMARI GUILLERMO R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article is devoted to the study of methods to change defeasible logic programs (de.l.p.s) which are the knowledge bases used by the Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP) interpreter. DeLP is an argumentation formalism that allows to reason over potentially inconsistent de.l.p.s. Argument Theory Change (ATC) studies certain aspects of belief revision in order to make them suitable for abstract argumentation systems. In this article, abstract arguments are rendered concrete by using the particular rule-based defeasible logic adopted by DeLP. The objective of our proposal is to define prioritized argument revision operators à la ATC for de.l.p.s, in such a way that the newly inserted argument ends up undefeated after the revision, thus warranting its conclusion. In order to ensure this warrant, the de.l.p. has to be changed in concordance with a minimal change principle. To this end, we discuss different minimal change criteria that could be adopted. Finally, an algorithm is presented, implementing the argument revision operations.
Consistent query answering via ASP from different perspectives: Theory and practice
Authors: MANNA MARCO , RICCA FRANCESCO , TERRACINA GIORGIO 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA data integration system provides transparent access to different data sources by suitably combining their data, and providing the user with a unified view of them, called global schema. However, source data are generally not under the control of the data integration process; thus, integrated data may violate global integrity constraints even in the presence of locally consistent data sources. In this scenario, it may be anyway interesting to retrieve as much consistent information as possible. The process of answering user queries under global constraint violations is called consistent query answering (CQA). Several notions of CQA have been proposed, e.g., depending on whether integrated information is assumed to be sound, complete, exact, or a variant of them. This paper provides a contribution in this setting: it uniforms solutions coming from different perspectives under a common Answer-Set Programming (ASP)-based core, and provides query-driven optimizations designed for isolating and eliminating inefficiencies of the general approach for computing consistent answers. Moreover, the paper introduces some new theoretical results enriching existing knowledge on the decidability and complexity of the considered problems. The effectiveness of the approach is evidenced by experimental results.
Institutional reversals and economic growth: Palestine 1516–1948
Authors: SCHEIN ANDREW 
Published: January 2012

Abstract:This study examines the type and quality of institutions in Palestine and the correlation between the institutions and economic growth in Palestine from 1516 to 1948. Initially in the 16th century, with the Ottoman conquest of the area, institutions in Palestine involvedde factoprivate user-rights. The level of expropriation by elites was low, and this enabled the people to develop the lands that they had acquired the right to cultivate. In the 17th and 18th centuries, with the exception of the Galilee in the middle of the 18th century, institutions became extractive due to tax farming, rapacious governors and Bedouin raids. From the middle of the 19th century until 1948, there was a second reversal back to private property institutions, first slowly until the First World War, and then more rapidly under the British Mandate after the First World War. When there were private property institutions the economy prospered, while when there were extractive institutions, the economy stagnated.
Mechanisms of an extraordinary East Asian summer monsoon event in July 2011
Authors: Seo Kyong‐Hwan , Son Jun‐Hyeok , Lee Seung‐Eon , Tomita Tomohiko , Park Hyo‐Seok 
Published: January 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that the strong East Asian summer monsoon results mainly from the westward intensification of the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH), or equivalently, the enhancement of the western North Pacific subtropical high. However, during early July in 2011 a strong southerly or southeasterly moist flow gave rise to a large amount of precipitation over southwestern Japan and Korea and anomalous dry conditions over central China because of the extraordinary intensification of the NPSH to the north. The formation of the anomalous high that occurred to the east of central Japan during early July is very rare, and its physical mechanisms are investigated in this study. The regressed circulation anomalies and wave‐activity flux vectors for July 2011 and data from the previous 32 years show that two teleconnection patterns due to Rossby wave trains are the most important mechanisms: Rossby wave propagation from the eastern North Atlantic and western Europe to East Asia following the North Eurasian jet and East Asian jet in the upper level, and northward propagation of Rossby waves forced by diabatic heating over the western North Pacific (WNP) region in the lower level. This simultaneous forcing of a significant negative phase of the summertime North Atlantic Oscillation in the higher latitudes and enhanced diabatic heating over the subtropical WNP is found to be the cause of the abnormal development of the anomalous high to the east of central Japan, resulting in extremely wet conditions in Korea and southern Japan and dry conditions in southern China.
Very low frequency earthquakes along the Ryukyu subduction zone
Authors: Ando Masataka , Tu Yoko , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Yoshiko , Lin Cheng‐Horng 
Published: January 2012

A total of 1314 very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) were identified along the Ryukyu trench from seismograms recorded at broadband networks in Japan (F‐net) and Taiwan (BATS) in 2007. The spectra of typical VLFEs have peak frequencies between 0.02 to 0.1 Hz. Among those, waveforms from 120 VLFEs were inverted to obtain their centoroid moment tensor (CMT) solutions and locations using an examination grid to minimize a residual between the observed and synthetic waveforms within an area of 11° × 14° in latitude and longitude and at depths of 0 to 60 km. Most of the VLFEs occur on shallow thrust faults that are distributed along the Ryukyu trench, which are similar to those earthquakes found in Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. The locations and mechanisms of VLFEs may be indicative of coupled regions within the accretionary prism or at the plate interface; this study highlights the need for further investigation of the Ryukyu trench to identify coupled regions within it.
Constraints on fault and lithosphere rheology from the coseismic slip and postseismic afterslip of the 2006 Mw7.0 Mozambique earthquake
Authors: Copley Alex , Hollingsworth James , Bergman Eric 
Published: January 2012

The 2006 Mw7.0 Mozambique (Machaze) normal‐faulting earthquake ruptured an unusually steeply dipping fault plane (∼75°). The amount of slip in the earthquake decreased from depths of ∼10 km toward the surface, and this shallow slip deficit was at least partly recovered by postseismic afterslip on the shallow part of the fault plane. An adjacent normal fault segment slipped postseismically (and possibly also co‐seismically) at shallow depths with a large strike‐slip component, in response to the stresses generated by slip on the main earthquake fault plane. Our observations suggest that the fault zone behaves in a stick‐slip manner in the crystalline basement, and that where it cuts the sedimentary layer the coseismic rupture was partially arrested and there was significant postseismic creep. We discuss the effects of such behavior on the large‐scale tectonics of continental regions, and on the assessment of seismic hazard on similar fault systems. The steep dip of the fault suggests the re‐activation of a preexisting structure with a coefficient of friction at least ∼25–45% lower than that on optimally oriented planes, and analysis of the deformation following an aftershock indicates that the value of the parameter ‘a’ that describes the rate‐dependence of fault friction lies in the range 1 × 10−3–2 × 10−2. The lack of long‐wavelength postseismic relaxation suggests viscosities in the ductile lithosphere of greater than ∼2 × 1019 Pa s, and an examination of the tectonic geomorphology in the region identifies ways in which similar fault systems can be identified before they rupture in future earthquakes.
Structural and functional validation of Microsystin synthetases
Authors: Sanmukh Swapnil , Paunikar Waman 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe structure and function prediction for the Microsystin synthetases from Microsystis aerogenosa (LNSAMB) were carried out for verifying the authenticity of the sequenced genes. The genes for Microsystin synthetases (mcyA, mcyB, mcyD and mcyE,), were predicted by the application of computational methods and Bioinformatics web tools. The probable function prediction for the proteins was done by using Bioinformatics web tools like CDD-BLAST, INTERPROSCAN, PFAM and COGs by searching protein databases for the presence of conserved domains. While tertiary structures were constructed using PS2 Server- Protein Structure Prediction server. This study revealed structural and functional validation of sequenced genes.
Role of syndecan‐4 side chains in turkey satellite cell apoptosis and focal adhesion formation
Authors: Song Yan , McFarland Douglas C. , Velleman Sandra G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractS4 (syndecan‐4) is a cell membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that functions in muscle growth and development. It is composed of a central core protein and two types of side chains: GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) and N‐glycosylated (N‐linked glycosylated) chains. The N‐glycosylated chains and GAG chains are required for S4 to regulate turkey myogenic satellite cell proliferation. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the S4 side chains regulate cell proliferation through muscle cell focal adhesion formation and apoptosis. S4 mutants with only one or without any N‐glycosylated chains attached to the core protein with or without GAG chains were generated to study the function of N‐glycosylated chains and the interaction between N‐glycosylated chains and GAG chains. The wild‐type S4 and all of the S4 side chain mutants were transfected into turkey myogenic satellite cells. Cell apoptosis and focal adhesion formation were measured, and PKCα (protein kinase Cα) cell membrane localization was investigated. S4 increased FAK (focal adhesion kinase) activity and the deletion of the side chains decreased this effect. S4 and the S4 mutants had no effect on β1‐integrin expression, but increased the cell membrane localization of β1‐integrin and PKCα. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and vinculin containing focal adhesions were not affected by S4 and its mutants. The results suggest that S4 and its side chains play important roles in regulating FAK activity, and PKCα and β1‐integrin cell membrane localization, but not cell apoptosis and vinculin‐containing focal adhesion formation.
Robustness to thermal variability differs along a latitudinal gradient in zooplankton communities
Authors: Tuck Constance , Romanuk Tamara N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDetermining how thermal variability will affect the structure, stability, and function of ecological communities is becoming increasingly important as global warming is predicted to affect not only average temperatures but also increase the frequency of long runs of high temperatures. Latitudinal differences in the responses of ecological communities to changes in their thermal regimes have also been predicted based on adaptations over evolutionary time to different thermal environments. We conducted an experiment to determine whether variability in temperature leads to consistent changes in community structure, temporal dynamics, and ecosystem functioning in laboratory analogues of natural freshwater supralittoral rock pool communities inhabited by meiofauna and zooplankton collected from sub‐Arctic, temperate, and tropical regions. Thermal variability of +4 °C around mean temperature led to increased extinction frequency, decreases in consumer abundance, increases in temporal variability of consumer abundance, and shifts from predominately negative interactions observed under constant temperature to positive interactions in the temperate and tropical communities but not in the sub‐Arctic communities. That sub‐Arctic zooplankton communities may be more robust to thermal variability than temperate or tropical communities’ supports recent studies on macrophysiological adaptations of species along latitudinal gradients and suggests that increasing thermal variability may have the greatest effects on community structure and function in tropical and temperate regions.
Highly similar microbial communities are shared among related and trophically similar ant species
Authors: ANDERSON KIRK E. , RUSSELL JACOB A. , MOREAU CORRIE S. , KAUTZ STEFANIE , SULLAM KAREN E. , HU YI , BASINGER URSULA , MOTT BRENDON M. , BUCK NORMAN , WHEELER DIANA E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAnts dominate many terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about their nutritional physiology and ecology. While traditionally viewed as predators and scavengers, recent isotopic studies revealed that many dominant ant species are functional herbivores. As with other insects with nitrogen‐poor diets, it is hypothesized that these ants rely on symbiotic bacteria for nutritional supplementation. In this study, we used cloning and 16S sequencing to further characterize the bacterial flora of several herbivorous ants, while also examining the beta diversity of bacterial communities within and between ant species from different trophic levels. Through estimating phylogenetic overlap between these communities, we tested the hypothesis that ecologically or phylogenetically similar groups of ants harbor similar microbial flora. Our findings reveal: (i) clear differences in bacterial communities harbored by predatory and herbivorous ants; (ii) notable similarities among communities from distantly related herbivorous ants and (iii) similar communities shared by different predatory army ant species. Focusing on one herbivorous ant tribe, the Cephalotini, we detected five major bacterial taxa that likely represent the core microbiota. Metabolic functions of bacterial relatives suggest that these microbes may play roles in fixing, recycling, or upgrading nitrogen. Overall, our findings reveal that similar microbial communities are harbored by ants from similar trophic niches and, to a greater extent, by related ants from the same colonies, species, genera, and tribes. These trends hint at coevolved histories between ants and microbes, suggesting new possibilities for roles of bacteria in the evolution of both herbivores and carnivores from the ant family Formicidae.