bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of oilseed rape and other brassicaceous genotypes for susceptibility to Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Mrsh.)
Authors: Eickermann M. , Ulber B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProduction of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., is affected by various insect pests. The cabbage stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Mrsh.) (Col.: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests in Northern and Central Europe that requires regular control measures. Host plant resistance is a key factor in integrated pest management systems. To evaluate a large number of genotypes for their susceptibility to infestation by C. pallidactylus, new screening techniques were developed for testing both, the amount of feeding and the number of eggs deposited by adult C. pallidactylus on accessions of Brassicaceae under controlled conditions. In no‐choice screening tests, the leaf area consumed by adult cabbage stem weevil was quantified on a wide spectrum of 107 brassicaceous genotypes (B. napus, Brassica rapa L. and Brassica oleracea L. cultivars, breeding lines, resynthesized rapeseed lines and wild Brassicaceae). In comparison to feeding on the standard cultivar ‘Express’, the average leaf area consumed by C. pallidactylus on nine oilseed rape cultivars, four resynthesized rapeseed lines and five other accessions [B. oleracea, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) and Lunaria annua L.] was significantly reduced by 44–90%. In dual‐choice screening tests for the evaluation of oviposition preferences on 42 genotypes, female C. pallidactylus laid significantly fewer eggs into plants of two oilseed rape cultivars, five resynthesized rapeseeds and three accessions of B. oleracea and Brassica fruticulosa Cyrillo, respectively, than into plants of the standard cv ‘Express’. Results of both laboratory screening tests were confirmed by results of additional field testing.
The effect of mass‐rearing on death‐feigning behaviour in the sweet potato weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Authors: Kuriwada T. , Kumano N. , Shiromoto K. , Haraguchi D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of our study was to examine the effect of mass‐rearing, in which there is no exposure to predators, on antipredator traits of insects for improving sterile insect technique programs. The duration of death‐feigning (antipredator behaviour) in sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) after mass‐rearing for 71 generations were compared with those in wild strain. There was no significant difference in the duration of death‐feigning between wild and mass‐reared strains. This indicated that the death‐feigning behaviour of mass‐reared strain was maintained for 71 generations even in the absence of predators. We discuss the reasons why death‐feigning behaviour is maintained after mass‐rearing.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty
Authors: STANDING JOSEPH F. , HAMMER GREGORY B. , SAM WAI JOHNN , DROVER DAVID R. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryObjectives:  Although remifentanil has been used to induce hypotension during surgery in infants, no pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model exists for its quantitative analysis. Our aim was to determine the quantitative relationship between whole blood remifentanil concentration and its hypotensive effect during surgery in infants.Methods/materials:  We studied seven infants (age 0.3–1 year) who underwent cranioplasty surgery and received remifentanil delivered by a computer‐controlled infusion pump during the maintenance of anesthesia. Arterial blood samples to determine remifentanil concentration and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) measurements were collected. A simultaneous PKPD mixed‐effects model was built in NONMEM.Results:  A total of 77 remifentanil concentrations and 185 MAP measurements were collected. Remifentanil pharmacokinetics was described with a two‐compartment model, parameter estimates were 2.99 l·min−1·70 kg−1 for clearance and 16.23 l·70 kg−1 for steady state volume of distribution. Mean baseline MAP was 69.7 mmHg and was decreased as per clinical requirements. A sigmoidal Emax model driven by an effect compartment described the decrease in MAP, with an estimated concentration to decrease MAP by half (EC50) being 17.1 ng·ml−1.Conclusions:  Remifentanil is effective in causing hypotension. The final model predicts that a steady state remifentanil concentration of 14 ng·ml−1 would typically achieve a 30% decrease in MAP.
Neoadjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy and rectal cancer: can the UK watch and wait with Brazil?
Authors: Nyasavajjala S. M. , Shaw A. G. , Khan A. Q. , Brown S. R. , Lund J. N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjecive  It has recently been reported that up to one‐third of patients with nonmetastatic distal rectal cancer managed with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) had a complete clinical response (cCR) to treatment. In the selected cases, this has been used as the sole treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of complete pathological response for patients receiving CRT in one centre in the UK.Method  Patients receiving 6 weeks of neoadjuvant CRT were identified using the two cancer audit databases in two different tertiary hospitals from January 2002 to November 2007. Pathology was reviewed and the histopathological response of the resected specimen to CRT was evaluated using the Mandard classification (1 = complete response, 5 = no response)Results  One hundred and thirty‐two consecutive patients [median age 61 (range 44–86) years, 90 men] with nonmetastatic locally advanced rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemo radiotherapy between 2002 and 2007 followed by resection of the tumour. Data were available from 129 patients.

Mandard classification
Number of patients

1
13

2
14

3
31

4
47

5
24

Conclusion  Only 13 out of 132 (10%) of patients had a complete pathological response. This is one‐third of the cCR previously reported. Nonsurgical therapy for rectal cancer using the Habr‐Gama treatment algorithm may only be effective in a very small proportion of patients with rectal cancer in the UK and nonoperative treatment would not be recommended.
Seton or glue for trans‐sphincteric anal fistulae: a prospective randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Altomare D. F. , Greco V. J. , Tricomi N. , Arcanà F. , Mancini S. , Rinaldi M. , Pulvirenti d’Urso A. , La Torre F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective  Fibrin glue treatment of anal fistulae has been proposed to minimize the risk of faecal incontinence but its acceptance by coloproctologists is still poor because the published data is controversial. Therefore, we carried out a prospective randomized crossover trial comparing treatment with a commercial fibrin glue to classical seton treatment, with healing rate, hospital stay, healing time, faecal incontinence and postoperative pain as study outcomes.Method  Sixty‐four homogeneous patients with trans‐sphincteric anal fistulae referred to seven colorectal units were randomized to undergo fibrin glue (39 patients) or seton (25 patients) treatment. Patients failing to heal after treatment with fibrin glue were re‐randomized to undergo a second injection with glue or seton treatment.Results  Sixty‐two of the 64 patients completed the minimum 1‐year follow‐up period. Twenty‐one of 24 patients healed in the seton group compared with 15/38 in the fibrin glue group (P = 0.0007). The 23 failures after glue treatment were re‐randomized to have a second glue injection (eight patients) or a seton treatment (15 patients). Four of the eight (50%) patients treated with a second injection of glue, and nine out of the 15 (60%) patients in the seton group, healed. Patients treated with fibrin glue reported less postoperative pain and had a shorter hospital stay than patients treated with a seton; furthermore, faecal continence and anal manometry significantly worsened after seton treatment.Conclusion  Seton treatment has a significantly higher probability of success compared with fibrin glue treatment but poses a higher risk of faecal incontinence. Fibrin glue could be considered as a first line of treatment for patients at risk of faecal incontinence or other comorbidities.
Ano‐perianal tuberculosis: 15 years of clinical experiences in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Tai W.‐C. , Hu T.‐H. , Lee C.‐H. , Chen H.‐H. , Huang C.‐C. , Chuah S.‐K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective  Ano‐perianal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extrapulmonary form of the disease. Most publications are in case report form. We report our cohort retrospective study on ano‐perianal TB, which is one of the very few original reports in the literature.Method  Over a period of 15 years (January 1992–December 2006), file records revealed cases with confirmed diagnosis of ano‐perianal TB after screening from a total of 1251 patients with the diagnosis of TB from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital‐Kaohsiung, Taiwan.Results  This study recruited 17 patients (14 male patients and 3 female patients). The age ranged from 18 to 81 years with a mean age of 44.8 ± 18.2 years. Thirteen patients had coexistent pulmonary TB (76.5%). Eight patients had at least one concomitant co‐morbid illness (47.1%). The most common clinical manifestations were anal fistulae (n = 16). All patients who completed a full course of anti‐mycobacterial treatment for at least 6 months after surgical intervention were cured without recurrence except for one patient who was lost to follow‐up after 2 months of treatment. Seven of the nine patients with complicated fistulae needed longer anti‐mycobacterium treatment duration (9–18 months).Conclusion  Ano‐perianal TB should be kept in mind for all patients with prolonged or repeatedly recurrent ano‐perianal symptoms and signs such as complicated fistulae in an endemic TB area like Taiwan. Management strategy is with conventional anti‐mycobacterium therapy for at least 6 months after surgery. An extension of the anti‐mycobacterium treatment course to 9–18 months is mandatory for patients with complicated disease presentations.
Risk of cancer in patients with chronic pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Vento P. , Lepistö A. , Kärkkäinen P. , Ristimäki A. , Haglund C. , Järvinen H. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim  The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of chronic pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.Method  Forty‐two patients with chronic pouchitis underwent pouch endoscopy with biopsies after a median of 8.3 years of postoperative follow up. The pouchitis disease activity index (PDAI) was calculated. Morphological changes were recorded. Immunohistochemical analyses for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), Ki‐67 and p53 were performed, as was DNA flow cytometry. Endoscopy was also carried out in 10 patients without pouchitis and in nine healthy subjects.Results  In patients with chronic pouchitis, the PDAI was 6 (standard error of the mean ± 4). Eighteen (43%) patients used continuous medication. The PDAI correlated positively with villous atrophy (P < 0.05). None of the pouch biopsies showed dysplasia. COX‐2 immunostaining was detected in 35 (83.3%) patients with chronic pouchitis, in five (50%) without pouchitis, but in none of the normal controls. COX‐2 expression correlated with mucosal atrophy (P < 0.01). In 15 (35.7%) of 42 patients with chronic pouchitis, Ki‐67 immunostaining was increased, but no increase was observed in either control group (P < 0.002). No p53 immunopositivity was found, and DNA flow cytometry was normal in all pouches. One of the patients developed adenocarcinoma at the anal anastomosis.Conclusion  No dysplastic changes were detected during the first decade after surgery. Routine follow up of patients with chronic pouchitis with a hand‐sewn anastomosis may not be necessary, although a small risk of cancer seems to remain at the anal anastomosis. The follow up should be focused on at‐risk groups.
Fissurectomy combined with botulinum toxin A injection for medically resistant chronic anal fissures
Authors: Witte M. E. , Klaase J. M. , Koop R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction  Chemical sphincterotomy, the use of pharmacological agents to reduce anal sphincter resting pressure, has become more and more popular in the treatment of chronic anal fissures (CAFs). It offers the possibility to avoid a lateral internal sphincterotomy and its associated risk of incontinence. In our hospital, patient with a chronic anal fissure are consecutively treated with isosorbide dinitrate 1% ointment, applied 6 times a day for 8 weeks, followed by diltiazem 2% ointment, applied 2 times a day for 8 weeks and Botulin Toxin A injections (Dysport®; Ipsen, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands) in the internal anal sphincter. In a previous study (1), we describe high healing rates with this regime.Objective  The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the combination of fissurectomy and Botulin Toxin A in the treatment of CAFs.Methods  Twenty‐one patients (10 male patients, median age 48 years) with persistent symptoms of chronic anal fissures after following the above mentioned treatment, were enrolled in this study. Fissurectomy was combined with Botulinum Toxin A (80 U of Dysport®) under regional anaesthesia in day care.Results  After 12 weeks 19/21 CAFs (90%) had healed. Median follow‐up was 16 (9‐30) months. No recurrences were seen.Conclusion  Fissurectomy in combination with Botulinum Toxin A injection in the internal anal sphincter is an effective treatment for medically resistant CAFs.
Fear of hypoglycaemia in mothers and fathers of children with Type 1 diabetes is associated with poor glycaemic control and parental emotional distress: a population‐based study
Authors: Haugstvedt A. , Wentzel‐Larsen T. , Graue M. , Søvik O. , Rokne B. 
Published: October 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 72–78 (2010)AbstractAims  To analyse, in a population‐based study, the association between parental fear of hypoglycaemia and (i) the prevalence of hypoglycaemia and diabetes treatment factors in children with Type 1 diabetes and (ii) emotional distress in mothers and fathers.Methods  Mothers (n = 103) and fathers (n = 97) of 115 children with Type 1 diabetes (1–15 years old) participated in the study. In addition to demographic and disease‐specific data, the participants completed the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey—Parent version (HFS‐P) (worry and behaviour subscales) and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist—25 items (HSCL‐25) to measure emotional distress.Results  A higher HFS‐P worry score was associated with higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), a higher frequency (≥ 7) of what parents experienced as problematic hypoglycaemic events during the past year and co‐morbid disease in the child. A higher HFS‐P behaviour score was associated with children receiving insulin injections compared with using an insulin pump and a higher frequency (≥ 7 per day) of blood glucose measurements. The mothers had higher scores than the fathers in both the worry and behaviour subscales. The mothers’ and the fathers’ HFS‐P worry scores correlated significantly with their HSCL‐25 scores.Conclusions  The association between a higher level of hypoglycaemic‐related fear and parental emotional distress and poorer glycaemic control in the child emphasizes the need for programmes to support and guide parents. The results suggest that future interventions should target both the parents’ fear and appropriate ways to prevent hypoglycaemia in children with Type 1 diabetes.
Rosiglitazone decreases intra‐ to extramyocellular fat ratio in obese non‐diabetic adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Godoy‐Matos A. F. , Bahia L. R. , Domingues R. C. , Tambascia M. , Geloneze B. , Kraemer‐Aguiar L. G. , Bouskela E. 
Published: October 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 23–29 (2010)AbstractBackground  Insulin resistance is intrinsically related to intramyocellular (IMCL) rather than extramyocellular (EMCL) triglyceride content. Conflicting results have been reported on the ability of insulin sensitizer agents, such as thiazolidinediones, to modify muscle fat distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rosiglitazone on muscle fat compartment distribution in an adult population of obese non‐diabetic metabolic syndrome patients.Patients and methods  Fifteen obese, non‐diabetic, metabolic syndrome patients were studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy before and after treatment with rosiglitazone 8 mg/day for 6 months. Anthropometrical and metabolic variables were assessed.Results  After rosiglitazone, body weight and hip circumference increased [100.9 (91.12–138.7) vs. 107.0 (79.6–142.8) kg and 118 (107–126) vs. 122 (110–131) cm]; while waist–hip ratio (WHR) decreased from 0.93 (0.87–1.00) to 0.89 (0.82–0.97) (P < 0.001 for all). Additionally, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) significantly decreased while adiponectin increased over threefold [9.7 (3.7–17.7) vs. 38.0 (19.3–42.4) μg/ml] without any changes in resistin. Finally, the IMCL did not change [267.54 (213.94–297.94) vs. 305.75 (230.80–424.75) arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.15] while the EMCL increased [275.53 (210.39–436.66) vs. 411.39 (279.92–556.59) AU; P < 0.01] therefore decreasing the IMCL‐to‐EMCL (IMCL/EMCL) ratio [1.07 (0.78–1.23) vs. 0.71 (0.53–0.96); P < 0.01].Conclusion  Rosiglitazone treatment increased body weight and hip circumference and decreased WHR. More importantly, it decreased the IMCL/EMCL ratio by increasing the EMCL without any significant change on the IMCL.
On the Social Construction of Relevance: A Rejoinder
Authors: Kieser Alfred , Leiner Lars 
Published: October 2009

abstractThis rejoinder ties in with a Point–Counterpoint debate on the rigour–relevance gap which was published in the May 2009 issue of JMS. Responding to our critics we advance four arguments: (1) Only practitioners, not management scholars, can ultimately assess relevance of research by applying solutions derived from research results. (2) Collaborative management research whose output, in the publishing process, has to pass reviews in which criteria of rigour dominate does not necessarily generate research of higher relevance. (3) The ‘body of scientific evidence’ which our critics refer to contains an abundance of contradicting findings and recommendations and is therefore not of much help for practitioners. (4) Since the academic management journals and the ranking systems are controlling management research, a change towards epistemologies that foster relevance of research, as envisaged by our critics, is not very likely.
Tuber‐specific cphA expression to enhance cyanophycin production in potatoes
Authors: Hühns Maja , Neumann Katrin , Hausmann Tina , Klemke Friederike , Lockau Wolfgang , Kahmann Uwe , Kopertekh Lilya , Staiger Dorothee , Pistorius Elfriede K. , Reuther Jens , Waldvogel Eva , Wohlleben Wolfgang , Effmert Martin , Junghans Holger , Neubauer Katja , Kragl Udo , Schmidt Kerstin , Schmidtke Jörg , Broer Inge 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe production of biodegradable polymers that can be used to substitute petrochemical compounds in commercial products in transgenic plants is an important challenge for plant biotechnology. Nevertheless, it is often accompanied by reduced plant fitness. To decrease the phenotypic abnormalities of the sprout and to increase polymer production, we restricted cyanophycin accumulation to the potato tubers by using the cyanophycin synthetase gene (cphATe) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP‐1, which is under the control of the tuber‐specific class 1 promoter (B33). Tuber‐specific cytosolic (pB33‐cphATe) as well as tuber‐specific plastidic (pB33‐PsbY‐cphATe) expression resulted in significant polymer accumulation solely in the tubers. In plants transformed with pB33‐cphATe, both cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were detected in the cytoplasm leading to an increase up to 2.3% cyanophycin of dry weight and resulting in small and deformed tubers. In B33‐PsbY‐cphATe tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight. These tubers were normal in size, some clones showed reduced tuber yield and sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at tubers navel. During a storage period over of 32 weeks of one selected clone, the cyanophycin content was stable in B33‐PsbY‐cphATe tubers but the stress symptoms increased. However, all tubers were able to germinate. Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a KCS gene from Cardamine graeca and its heterologous expression in Brassica oilseeds to engineer high nervonic acid oils for potential medical and industrial use
Authors: Taylor David C. , Francis Tammy , Guo Yiming , Brost Jennifer M. , Katavic Vesna , Mietkiewska Elzbieta , Michael Giblin E. , Lozinsky Sharla , Hoffman Travis 
Published: October 2009

SummaryNervonic acid 24:1 Δ15 (cis‐tetracos‐15‐enoic acid) is a very long‐chain monounsaturated fatty acid and exists in nature as an elongation product of oleic acid. There is an increasing interest in production of high nervonic acid oils for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Using a polymerase chain reaction approach, we have isolated a gene from Cardamine graeca L., which encodes a 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase (KCS), the first component of the elongation complex involved in synthesis of nervonic acid. Expression of the Cardamine KCS in yeast resulted in biosynthesis of nervonic acid, which is not normally present in yeast cells. We transformed Arabidopsis and Brassica carinata with the Cardamine KCS under the control of the seed‐specific promoter, napin. The T3 generations of transgenic Arabidopsis and B. carinata plants expressing the Cardamine KCS showed that seed‐specific expression resulted in relatively large comparative increases in nervonic acid proportions in Arabidopsis seed oil, and 15‐fold increase in nervonic acid proportions in B. carinata seed oil. The highest nervonic acid level in transgenic B. carinata lines reached 44%, with only 6% of residual erucic acid. In contrast, similar transgenic expression of the Cardamine KCS in high erucic B. napus resulted in 30% nervonic acid but with 20% residual erucic acid. Experiments using the Lunaria KCS gene gave results similar to the latter. In both cases, the erucic acid content is too high for human or animal consumption. Thus, the Cardamine KCS: B. carinata high nervonic/highly reduced erucic transgenic seed oils will be the most suitable for testing in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications to improve human and animal health.