bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and stiffness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) sapwood degraded by Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor – Part I: Changes in chemical composition, density and equilibrium moisture content
Authors: Bader Thomas K. , Hofstetter Karin , Alfredsen Gry , Bollmus Susanne 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Fungal degradation alters the microstructure of wood and its physical and chemical properties are also changed. While these changes are well investigated as a function of mass loss, mass density loss and changes in equilibrium moisture content are not well elucidated. The physical and chemical alterations are crucial when linking microstructural characteristics with macroscopic mechanical properties. In the present article, a consistent set of physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics is presented, which were measured on the same sample before and after fungal degradation. In the first part of this two-part contribution, elucidating microstructure/stiffness-relationships of degraded wood, changes in physical and chemical data are presented, which were collected from specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood degraded by Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) and Trametes versicolor (white rot) for up to 28 weeks degradation time. A comparison of mass loss with corresponding mass density loss demonstrated that mass loss entails two effects: firstly, a decrease in sample size (more pronounced for G. trabeum), and secondly, a decrease of mass density within the sample (more pronounced for T. versicolor). These two concurrent effects are interrelated with sample size and shape. Hemicelluloses and cellulose are degraded by G. trabeum, while T. versicolor was additionally able to degrade lignin. In particular because of the breakdown of hemicelluloses and paracrystalline parts of cellulose, the equilibrium moisture content of degraded samples is lower than that in the initial state.
Do women seek humorousness in men because it signals intelligence? A cross-cultural test
Authors: Weisfeld Glenn E. , Nowak Nicole T. , Lucas Todd , Weisfeld Carol C. , Imamoğlu E. Olcay , Butovskaya Marina , Shen Jiliang , Parkhill Michele R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMiller has suggested that people seek humorousness in a mate because humor connotes intelligence, which would be valuable in a spouse. Since males tend to be the competing sex, men have been more strongly selected to be humorous. To test this notion, we explored the role of humor in marriage cross-culturally, in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Turkey, and Russia. In the first four societies, husbands were perceived to make wives laugh more than the reverse, but wives were funnier in Russia. Spousal humorousness was associated with marital satisfaction in all cultures, especially the wife's satisfaction. Spousal humorousness was less consistently related to spousal intelligence than to some alternative possibilities: spousal kindness, dependability, and understanding. Furthermore, the relationship between these four variables and marital satisfaction was mediated by spousal humorousness. Humor is gratifying in other social contexts as well. Humorists may gain social credit by providing amusement, and may also use humor to gauge another's mood and to engender liking, perhaps especially in courtship and marriage. Spouses may also take humorousness as a sign of motivation to be amusing, kind, understanding, dependable — as a sign of commitment.
Field-Scale Evaluation of Lysimeters Versus Actual Earthen Covers
Authors: Mijares Ramil G. , Khire Milind V. , Johnson Terry 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the design, construction, and monitoring of two uncompacted and one compacted clay field-scale test sections that were built and instrumented at a landfill near Detroit (Michigan). This was accomplished to capture the differences in the hydraulic and hydrologic responses of actual caps overlying the municipal solid waste (MSW) versus the corresponding lysimeters. While the lysimeter pans were installed in the middle of each of the three test sections to measure percolation, the instrumented area of the test section was expanded upslope and downslope of the lysimeter to monitor the soil water storages within and beyond the lysimeter footprint. About 35 sensors were installed in each of the three test sections to monitor water contents, water potentials, soil temperatures, water levels, and gas pressures. The soil water storages for the uncompacted test sections that were underlain by the waste were typically greater than those for the corresponding lysimeters. However, for the compacted test section, there was no significant difference between the soil water storage for the actual cap and the lysimeter. The percolation rate for the compacted clay test section was on the order of a few millimeters per year, while that for the uncompacted test sections were in the order of tens of centimeters per year. This difference is attributed to the two order of magnitude lower hydraulic conductivity of the compacted clay. The field data collected in this project validates previously published numerical results regarding hydraulic differences between lysimeters and actual caps.
Association of Late-Preterm Birth With Asthma in Young Children: Practice-Based Study
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Fiks Alexander G. , Lorch Scott A. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association of late-preterm birth with asthma severity among young children.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study was performed with electronic health record data from 31 practices affiliated with an academic medical center. Participants included children born in 2007 at 34 to 42 weeks of gestation and monitored from birth to 18 months. We used multivariate logistic or Poisson models to assess the impact of late-preterm (34–36 weeks) and low-normal (37–38 weeks) compared with term (39–42 weeks) gestation on diagnoses of asthma and persistent asthma, inhaled corticosteroid use, and numbers of acute respiratory visits.

RESULTS:
Our population included 7925 infants (7% late-preterm and 21% low-normal gestation). Overall, 8.3% had been diagnosed with asthma by 18 months. Compared with term gestation, late-preterm gestation was associated with significant increases in persistent asthma diagnoses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68), inhaled corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.66), and numbers of acute respiratory visits (incidence rate ratio: 1.44). Low-normal gestation was associated with increases in asthma diagnoses (aOR: 1.34) and inhaled corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.39).

CONCLUSION:
Birth at late-preterm and low-normal gestational ages might be an important risk factor for the development of asthma and for increased health service use in early childhood.
Hétérogénéité, mémoire longue et dynamique du taux de change réel
Authors: Fève Patrick 
Published: August 2011

Hétérogénéité, mémoire longue et dynamique du taux de change réel
par Patrick Fève
L'hypothèse de Parité de Pouvoir d'Achat peut être considérée comme l'une des théories du taux de change à l'équilibre les plus influentes en macro-économie ouverte. D'un point de vue empirique, c'est également l'une des plus étudiées mais aussi l'une des plus contestées. Après avoir dégagé les principaux enjeux liés à l'évaluation quantitative de la PPA, nous proposons de tester cette hypothèse à travers l'estimation de processus fractionnaires. Ce type de modélisation permet de traiter partiellement le problème de l'hétérogénéité mais constitue surtout une représentation plus générale de la dynamique du taux de change réel. Les tests de mémoire longue sont appliqués au taux de change réel du franc français contre le deutschemark, le dollar américain, la lire italienne et la livre sterling. La portée des résultats issus d'une telle modélisation reste cependant assez limitée, puisqu'il apparaît difficile de conclure quant à la pertinence empirique de l'hypothèse de PPA à long terme pour le deutschemark et la lire. De plus, hypothèse de racine unitaire ne peut être rejetée pour le dollar et la livre.
Retour à la moyenne dans les cours du change du mécanisme de change européen : 1987-1995
Authors: Pentecôte Jean-Sébastien , Roncalli Thierry 
Published: August 2011

Retour à la moyenne dans les cours du change du mécanisme de change européen : 1987-1995
par Jean-Sébastien Pentecôte et Thierry Roncalli
Cet article étudie l'effet de retour à la moyenne des cours quotidiens des monnaies du Mécanisme de Change Européen et du dollar par rapport au mark sur la période 1987-1995. La force de rappel semble varier au cours de cet intervalle. Cependant, elle est rarement significative. Notre étude n'apporte pas un soutien convaincant aux enseignements des modèles théoriques de zone cible. À l'exception du franc belge et du florin, la valeur d'attraction du change estimée diffère de la parité officielle. Concernant le dollar, les Accords Louvre paraissent avoir été remis en cause après le krach boursier d'octobre 1987.
Le partage de la valeur ajoutée dans le cycle
Authors: Hurlin Christophe , Portier Franck 
Published: August 2011

Le partage de la valeur ajoutée dans le cycle. Quelques pistes de modélisation en équilibre général
Christophe Hurlin et Franck Portier
Notre objectif dans cet article est de présenter un rapide constat empirique de l'évolution cyclique du partage de la valeur ajoutée dans les pays du G7 de 1960 à 1994, puis de proposer quelques pistes de modélisation des fluctuations conjoncturelles de ce partage dans le cadre des modèles stochastiques dynamiques d'équilibre général à anticipations rationnelles.
La politique sucrière européenne après les accords du Gatt
Authors: Combette Patricia , Giraud-Héraud Eric , Réquillart Vincent 
Published: August 2011

The European Sugar Policy Following the GATT Agreements. An Analysis of Some Development Scenarios by Patricia Combette, Éric Giraud-Héraud and Vincent Réquillart
Much criticism has been made of the common organisation of the sugar market based on a quota system. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study of possible reforms to the common organisation of the sugar market. The presentation of its COM characteristics highlights the role of taxes in production choices and in the transmission of global price variations on the internal sugar market. The article studies the effect on producer surpluses of a reduction in the European quota, the creation of a single quota and the effect of adapting to the constraints imposed by the GATT. A reduction in the overall quota to comply with these constraints brings about an increase in producer surpluses.
Une approche bilatérale des réalignements au sein du Mécanisme de change européen (mars 1979 - décembre 1992)
Authors: Pentecôte Jean-Sébastien , Sénégas Marc-Alexandre 
Published: August 2011

Une approche bilatérale des réalignements au sein du Mécanisme de change européen
(mars 1979 - décembre 1992) par Jean-Sébastien Pentecôte et Marc- Alexandre Sénégas
Dans cet article, nous présentons un modèle de réalignement du cours de change dans une zone cible bilatérale. Cette modélisation se situe au confluent de deux courants d'analyse : les zones cibles et les crises de balance des paiements. À partir de ce cadre théorique, nous construisons un modèle Tobit pour étudier des réalignements qui se sont produits dans le Mécanisme de change européen (MCE) entre mars 1979 et décembre 1992. Nous examinons si ces derniers peuvent être envisagés comme résultant d'une règle de décision commune aux membres fondateurs du MCE et s'il peut être dégagé, sur la période étudiée, des tendances lourdes dans leur nature et leur déclenchement. Nous évaluons également le degré d'adéquation des politiques monétaires européennes.
An ontology of fungal subcellular traits
Authors: Kumar T. K. Arun , Crow John A. , Wennblom Trevor J. , Abril Maritza , Letcher Peter M. , Blackwell Meredith , Roberson Robert W. , McLaughlin David J. 
Published: August 2011

•Premise of the study: The Fungal Subcellular Ontology used in the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project is a taxon‐wide ontology (controlled vocabulary for attributes) designed to clarify and integrate the broad range of subcellular characters and character states used in higher‐level fungal systematics. As in the algae, cellular characters are important phylogenetic markers in kingdom Fungi. The Fungal Subcellular Ontology has been developed primarily to help researchers, especially systematists, in their search for information on subcellular characters across the Fungi, and it complements existing biological ontologies, including the Gene Ontology.•Methods: The character and character state data set used in the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life Structural and Biochemical Database (http://aftol.umn.edu) is the source of terms for generating the ontology. After the terms were accessioned and defined, they were combined in OBO‐Edit file format, and the ontology was edited using OBO‐Edit, an open source Java tool supported by the Gene Ontology project.•Key results: The Fungal Subcellular Ontology covers both model and nonmodel fungi in great detail and is downloadable in OBO‐Edit format at website http://aftol.umn.edu/ontology/fungal_subcellular.obo.•Conclusions: The ontology provides a controlled vocabulary of fungal subcellular terms and functions as an operating framework for the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life Structural and Biochemical Database. An ontology‐based design enhances reuse of data deposited in the Structural and Biochemical Database from other independent biological and genetic databases. Data integration approaches that advance access to data from the diversity of biological databases are imperative as interdisciplinary research gains importance. In this sense, the Fungal Subcellular Ontology becomes highly relevant to mycologists as well as nonmycologists because fungi interact actively as symbionts and parasites or passively with many other life forms.
Compound leaf development in the palmChamaedorea elegansis KNOX‐independent
Authors: Nowak Julia S. , Bolduc Nathalie , Dengler Nancy G. , Posluszny Usher 
Published: September 2011

•Premise of the study:How a leaf acquires its shape is a major and largely unresolved question in plant biology. This problem is particularly complex in the case of compound leaves, where the leaf blade is subdivided into leaflets. In many eudicots with compound leaves, class IKNOTTED1‐LIKE HOMEOBOX(KNOX) genes are upregulated in the leaf primordium and promote leaflet initiation, whileKNOXgenes are restricted to the shoot apical meristem in simple‐leaved plants. In monocots, however, little is known about the extent ofKNOXcontribution to compound leaf development, and we aimed to address this issue in the palmChamaedorea elegans.•Methods:We investigated the accumulation pattern of KNOX proteins in shoot apical meristems and leaf primordia of the palmC. elegansusing immunolocalization experiments.•Key results:KNOX proteins accumulated in vegetative and inflorescence apical meristems and in the subtending stem tissue, but not in the plicated regions of the leaf primordia. These plicated areas form during primary morphogenesis and are the only meristematic tissue in the developing primordium. In addition, KNOX proteins did not accumulate in any region of the developing leaf during secondary morphogenesis, when leaflets separate to create the final pinnately compound leaf.•Conclusions:The compound leaf character in palms,C. elegansin particular and likely other pinnately compound palms, does not depend on the activities of KNOX proteins.
La perception des inégalités en France depuis dix ans
Authors: Forsé Michel , Parodi Maxime 
Published: August 2011

Résumé	La comparaison des enquêtes ISSP de 1999 et 2009 montre que la crise financière de 2008 n’a pas fortement bouleversé les perceptions qu’ont les Français des inégalités salariales, ni leurs souhaits de correction de celles-ci ou encore leur sentiment de justice concernant leur salaire. Pour l’essentiel, ils continuent de penser que les inégalités en France sont trop fortes, qu’il faut les réduire nettement et qu’ils ne sont pas payés à la hauteur de leur mérite. En même temps, sur la période considérée, le niveau des inégalités apparaît objectivement assez stable au sein de la plus grande partie de la population et seule une petite élite voit ses revenus s’envoler. La stabilité des opinions semble refléter fidèlement cet état de fait d’autant que, dans le détail, les Français semblent aussi assez conscients qu’il se passe quelque chose en haut de la pyramide, en particulier du côté des PDG. Aussi, dans l’ensemble, ils continuent de souhaiter que l’on corrige les inégalités salariales à peu près dans les mêmes proportions qu’il y a dix ans. Et lorsque les excès récents sont perçus, la demande consiste à les corriger d’autant.
Optimal Roughening of Convex Bodies
Authors: Plakhov Alexander 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA body moves in a rare fied medium composed of point particles at rest. The particles make elastic reflections when colliding with the body surface and do not interact with each other. We consider a generalization of Newton’s minimal resistance problem: given two bounded convex bodiesC1andC2ℝ3such that C1⊂ c2⊂ and, minimize the resistance in the class of connected bodiesBsuch thatC1⊂ B ⊂C1. We prove that the infimum of resistance is zero; that is, there exist ”almost perfectly streamlined” bodies.
The Genuine Omega-regular Unitary Dual of the Metaplectic Group
Authors: Pantano Alessandra , Paul Annegret , Salamanca-Riba Susana A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract We classify all genuine unitary representations of the metaplectic group whose infinitesimal character is real and at least as regular as that of the oscillator representation. In a previous paper we exhibited a certain family of representations satisfying these conditions, obtained by cohomological induction from the tensor product of a one-dimensional representation and an oscillator representation. Our main theorem asserts that this family exhausts the genuine omega-regular unitary dual of the metaplectic group.
Minimally invasive anterior orbitotomy biopsy: Finger's aspiration cutter technique (FACT)
Authors: Finger Paul T. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To evaluate aspiration cutter–assisted small-incision anterior orbitotomy. Methods Three patients with orbital adnexal tumors underwent orbital biopsy through a 3-mm incision in the eyelid skin (n=2) or conjunctival fornix (n=1). Standard aspiration cutters were introduced into anterior and posterior orbital tumors utilizing a bimanual technique. Multiple passes were made into the tumor. Fresh specimens were analyzed for adequacy prior to the end of surgery. Cytopathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Results Aspiration cutter technique biopsies were diagnostic in 2 of 3 cases. Diagnoses were orbital lymphoma, metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma, and metastatic prostate cancer. The 20-G aspiration cutter yielded the most tissue. No sutures were required for the small incisions. Conclusions Sutureless, aspiration cutter biopsy offered benefits commonly associated with fine needle aspiration biopsy, controlled aspiration, and enclosed mechanical cutting.
Factors Associated with Recurrence Within 2 Years After Curative Surgery for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chiang Cheng‐Yu , Huang Kuo‐Hung , Fang Wen‐Liang , Wu Chew‐Wun , Chen Jen‐Hao , Lo Su‐Shin , Hsieh Mao‐Chih , Shen King‐Han , Li Anna Fen‐Yau , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chiou Shih‐Hwa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite curative surgery for gastric cancer, many patients die of recurrent cancer. Few studies have investigated the time to recurrence after curative resection for gastric cancer.MethodsData were collected prospectively between December 1987 and December 2006. A total of 1,549 patients underwent curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the stomach at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Among them, 419 patients had recurrence; they were divided into early recurrence (<2 years) and late recurrence (≥2 years). The clinicopathological characteristics, survival time after recurrence, and recurrence patterns were compared between the two groups.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that stage III gastric cancer patients with early recurrence had larger tumors and more lymph node metastasis than patients with late recurrence, while no difference between early and late recurrence was observed in stage I and II patients. Early recurrence was associated with more distant metastasis than was late recurrence. Patients with advanced TNM stage tended to die within 2 years after recurrence.ConclusionsGastric cancer patients with larger tumors and more lymph node metastasis tended to have early recurrence, especially stage III patients. Advanced TNM stage was associated with early cancer death after recurrence.
The prognosis after curative resection of gallbladder cancer with hilar invasion is similar to that of hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nasu Yuya , Tanaka Eiichi , Hirano Satoshi , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Kato Kentaro , Matsumoto Joe , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Kondo Satoshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeGallbladder cancer (GBC) often invades the hepatic hilum and even small tumors can cause obstructive jaundice. Operative intervention for GBC with obstructive jaundice is sometimes not recommended because it is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the extended procedure is recommended for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). We therefore compared the postoperative survival of patients with GBC invading the hepatic hilum with that with HC.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2008, 27 patients with GBC invasion of the hepatic hilum (hGBC) and 124 with HC underwent surgical resection with curative intent in the Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine. This study included patients with GBC without peritoneal dissemination and liver or para‐aortic lymph node metastasis. Extended right hemihepatectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection comprise the treatment of choice for GBC with hilar invasion (hGBC). We aimed to achieve R0 outcomes by aggressive vascular resection and/or concomitant resection of directly invaded organs around the GBC along with extended right hemihepatectomy.ResultsWe analyzed 27 patients with hGBC (age 58–83 years; median 71 years; male:female 13:14) and 124 with HC (age 45–80 years; median 69 years; male:female 94:30). The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of 43 and 24% for hGBC and 58 and 38% for HC, respectively, did not differ significantly (p = 0.14). Preoperative obstructive jaundice was a complication in 22 (81%) and 95 (77%) patients with hGBC and HC, respectively. The 5‐year survival rates were 40 and 36%, respectively, which did not differ significantly (p = 0.61). The 5‐year survival rates after extended right hemihepatectomy to resect the tumor with curative intent were 34 and 34% for hGBC and HC, which did not differ significantly (p = 0.14).ConclusionsThe prognosis after curative resection of GBC with hilar invasion is similar to that of HC in selected patients. Aggressive surgery for advanced GBC with hilar invasion might increase survival rates.