bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: PRASSE Antje , MÜLLER‐QUERNHEIM Joachim 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe practise of modern medicine is unthinkable without biological markers, and their adoption is now established in various clinical settings. Pulmonary fibrosis occurs in a heterogeneous group of diseases. IPF is the most frequent fibrotic lung disease and has a poor prognosis. Despite the heterogeneity in underlying diseases multiple common mechanism resulting in pulmonary fibrosis are documented. In this context, several biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis have been described. Some substances are produced by alveolar epithelial cells such as surfactant proteins A and D, the glycoprotein Krebs von den Lungen 6 Antigen, while others are derived from macrophages such as CCL18. Most recently, increased fibrocyte counts were proposed as a marker of acute exacerbation in IPF. None of these markers is established in clinical practise so far. Studies regarding the clinical value of biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis are hampered by the fact that fibrotic lung diseases are uncommon and variable in course. However, some markers are clearly promising, and as a spin‐off the analysis of some of these in samples from recently finished pharmacological multicentric studies might give urgently needed information regarding their clinical value.
Expatriate Japanese women's growth and transformation through childbirth in Hawaii, USA
Authors: Taniguchi Hatsumi , Magnussen Lois 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of the childbirth experience for Japanese mothers who gave birth soon after they moved to Hawaii, USA. The research design was descriptive, using Colaizzi's phenomenological approach. The sample consisted of 10 Japanese expatriate women. The major findings of this study consisted of four theme categories: the challenges of living overseas, the challenges of motherhood, reaching the goal of motherhood, and relationships with others. In describing the meaning of their childbirth experience, the new mothers recognized their own parents' efforts in raising them and their love. The new mothers also identified themselves as “irreplaceable” mothers for their new family. They believed that their childbirth experience in Hawaii helped them to become more mature as individuals. The implication arising from this study for caregivers is that it is necessary to understand culturally sensitive care that meets the individual needs of women in each transition.
Gender and culture differences in the quality of life among Americans and Koreans with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kang Younhee 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study examined the gender and culture differences in relation to the quality of life among Americans and Koreans with atrial fibrillation. It employed secondary data analysis and a descriptive comparative design. The settings were the cardiology outpatient clinics and the outpatient clinic in two urban hospitals in the USA and one university hospital in Korea. The quality of life was measured by the Short‐Form Health Survey. The data from 129 subjects were analyzed by two‐way ANCOVA and a post‐hoc test. In relation to physical function, there was a statistically significant effect shown by gender, but no significant differences were found by the main effect of culture and the interaction effect of gender and culture. The significant interaction effect of gender and culture on mental health was shown. In conclusion, gender differences in the quality of life perceived by patients with atrial fibrillation varied with their cultural background. Thus, patients' cultural background should be considered in nursing practice.
Predation has a greater impact in less productive environments: variation in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, population density across Europe
Authors: Melis Claudia , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Apollonio Marco , Bartoń Kamil A. , Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz , Linnell John D.C. , Kojola Ilpo , Kusak Josip , Adamic Miha , Ciuti Simone , Delehan Ivan , Dykyy Ihor , Krapinec Krešimir , Mattioli Luca , Sagaydak Andrey , Samchuk Nikolay , Schmidt Krzysztof , Shkvyrya Maryna , Sidorovich Vadim E. , Zawadzka Bernadetta , Zhyla Sergey 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTAim  We aimed to describe the large‐scale patterns in population density of roe deer Caprelous capreolus in Europe and to determine the factors shaping variation in their abundance.Location  Europe.Methods  We collated data on roe deer population density from 72 localities spanning 25° latitude and 48° longitude and analysed them in relation to a range of environmental factors: vegetation productivity (approximated by the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation) and forest cover as proxies for food supply, winter severity, summer drought and presence or absence of large predators (wolf, Canis lupus, and Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx), hunter harvest and a competitor (red deer, Cervus elaphus).Results  Roe deer abundance increased with the overall productivity of vegetation cover and with lower forest cover (sparser forest cover means that a higher proportion of overall plant productivity is allocated to ground vegetation and thus is available to roe deer). The effect of large predators was relatively weak in highly productive environments and in regions with mild climate, but increased markedly in regions with low vegetation productivity and harsh winters. Other potentially limiting factors (hunting, summer drought and competition with red deer) had no significant impact on roe deer abundance.Main conclusions  The analyses revealed the combined effect of bottom‐up and top‐down control on roe deer: on a biogeographical scale, population abundance of roe deer has been shaped by food‐related factors and large predators, with additive effects of the two species of predators. The results have implications for management of roe deer populations in Europe. First, an increase in roe deer abundance can be expected as environmental productivity increases due to climate change. Secondly, recovery plans for large carnivores should take environmental productivity and winter severity into account when predicting their impact on prey.
Dynamic macroecology on ecological time‐scales
Authors: Fisher Jonathan A. D. , Frank Kenneth T. , Leggett William C. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTAim The discipline of macroecology is increasingly being regarded as an effective vehicle for the evaluation of recent population‐ to ecosystem‐level responses to widespread human and environmental influences. However, due to the prevalent use of time‐averaged and cumulative data in macroecological analyses, the majority of the patterns that emerge from research in this field can be regarded as static. Here we review the application of dynamic macroecological analyses to changes in relationships between macroecological variables on seasonal to decadal scales. We illustrate the strength of this perspective for documenting changing patterns and testing hypotheses related to these dynamics on ecological time‐scales.Location Studies were compiled and reviewed from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Methods We review examples of temporal changes in macroecological patterns driven by recent anthropogenic influences and environmental change.Results The dynamic nature of macroecological patterns on ecological time‐scales has been revealed in recent years across a wide range of ecosystems, largely through the development, maintenance and analysis of biotic and environmental monitoring time series. The resultant analyses complement examinations of dynamics over evolutionary time and have similarly revealed that static portrayals can conceal important temporal dynamics that underlie the patterns of interest. As a consequence, static depictions, resting as they do on comparative analyses in which the validity of space‐for‐time substitutions is assumed, may be of limited use for testing hypotheses related to the mechanisms underlying the patterns revealed and, by extension, the development of reliable predictions of future states.Main conclusions Recent dynamic macroecological analyses have demonstrated the utility of combined spatial and temporal replication, and have contributed to hypothesis testing related to the mechanistic processes underlying changes in macroecological patterns on ecological time‐scales. We suggest four specific avenues of future research to further the development and application of temporal approaches on similar time‐scales within the field of macroecology.
Deterministic Importance Sampling with Error Diffusion
Authors: Szirmay‐Kalos László , Szécsi László 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a deterministic importance sampling algorithm that is based on the recognition that delta‐sigma modulation is equivalent to importance sampling. We propose a generalization for delta‐sigma modulation in arbitrary dimensions, taking care of the curse of dimensionality as well. Unlike previous sampling techniques that transform low‐discrepancy and highly stratified samples in the unit cube to the integration domain, our error diffusion sampler ensures the proper distribution and stratification directly in the integration domain. We also present applications, including environment mapping and global illumination rendering with virtual point sources.
Anomalous Dispersion in Predictive Rendering
Authors: Weidlich Andrea , Wilkie Alexander 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn coloured media, the index of refraction does not decrease monotonically with increasing wavelength, but behaves in a quite non‐monotonical way. This behaviour is called anomalous dispersion and results from the fact that the absorption of a material influences its index of refraction.So far, this interesting fact has not been widely acknowledged by the graphics community. In this paper, we demonstrate how to calculate the correct refractive index for a material based on its absorption spectrum with the Kramers‐Kronig relation, and we discuss for which types of objects this effect is relevant in practice.
Efficient and Accurate Rendering of Complex Light Sources
Authors: Kniep S. , Häring S. , Magnor M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a new method for estimating the radiance function of complex area light sources. The method is based on Jensen's photon mapping algorithm. In order to capture high angular frequencies in the radiance function, we incorporate the angular domain into the density estimation. However, density estimation in position‐direction space makes it necessary to find a tradeoff between the spatial and angular accuracy of the estimation. We identify the parameters which are important for this tradeoff and investigate the typical estimation errors. We show how the large data size, which is inherent to the underlying problem, can be handled. The method is applied to different automotive tail lights. It can be applied to a wide range of other real‐world light sources.
Texture Design and Draping in 2D Images
Authors: Winnemöller H. , Orzan A. , Boissieux L. , Thollot J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a complete system for designing and manipulating regular or near‐regular textures in 2D images. We place emphasis on supporting creative workflows that produce artwork from scratch. As such, our system provides tools to create, arrange, and manipulate textures in images with intuitive controls, and without requiring 3D modeling. Additionally, we ensure continued, non‐destructive editability by expressing textures via a fully parametric descriptor. We demonstrate the suitability of our approach with numerous example images, created by an artist using our system, and we compare our proposed workflow with alternative 2D and 3D methods.
Packet‐based Hierarchal Soft Shadow Mapping
Authors: Yang Baoguang , Feng Jieqing , Guennebaud Gaël , Liu Xinguo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent soft shadow mapping techniques based on back‐projection can render high quality soft shadows in real time. However, real time high quality rendering of large penumbrae is still challenging, especially when multilayer shadow maps are used to reduce single light sample silhouette artifact. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to attack this problem. We first present a GPU‐friendly packet‐based approach rendering a packet of neighboring pixels together to amortize the cost of computing visibility factors. Then, we propose a hierarchical technique to quickly locate the contour edges, further reducing the computation cost. At last, we suggest a multi‐view shadow map approach to reduce the single light sample artifact. We also demonstrate its higher image quality and higher efficiency compared to the existing depth peeling approaches.
Fast Global Illumination on Dynamic Height Fields
Authors: Nowrouzezahrai Derek , Snyder John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a real‐time method for rendering global illumination effects from large area and environmental lights on dynamic height fields. In contrast to previous work, our method handles inter‐reflections (indirect lighting) and non‐diffuse surfaces. To reduce sampling, we construct one multi‐resolution pyramid for height variation to compute direct shadows, and another pyramid for each indirect bounce of incident radiance to compute inter‐reflections. The basic principle is to sample the points blocking direct light, or shedding indirect light, from coarser levels of the pyramid the farther away they are from a given receiver point. We unify the representation of visibility and indirect radiance at discrete azimuthal directions (i.e., as a function of a single elevation angle) using the concept of a “casting set” of visible points along this direction whose contributions are collected in the basis of normalized Legendre polynomials. This analytic representation is compact, requires no precomputation, and allows efficient integration to produce the spherical visibility and indirect radiance signals. Sub‐sampling visibility and indirect radiance, while shading with full‐resolution surface normals, further increases performance without introducing noticeable artifacts. Our method renders 512×512 height fields (> 500K triangles) at 36Hz.
Hierarchical Image‐Space Radiosity for Interactive Global Illumination
Authors: Nichols Greg , Shopf Jeremy , Wyman Chris 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe introduce image‐space radiosity and a hierarchical variant as a method for interactively approximating diffuse indirect illumination in fully dynamic scenes. As oft observed, diffuse indirect illumination contains mainly low‐frequency details that do not require independent computations at every pixel. Prior work leverages this to reduce computation costs by clustering and caching samples in world or object space. This often involves scene preprocessing, complex data structures for caching, or wasted computations outside the view frustum. We instead propose clustering computations in image space, allowing the use of cheap hardware mipmapping and implicit quadtrees to allow coarser illumination computations. We build on a recently introduced multiresolution splatting technique combined with an image‐space lightcut algorithm to intelligently choose virtual point lights for an interactive, one‐bounce instant radiosity solution. Intelligently selecting point lights from our reflective shadow map enables temporally coherent illumination similar to results using more than 4096 regularly‐sampled VPLs.
Interactive Global Photon Mapping
Authors: Fabianowski B. , Dingliana J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a photon mapping technique capable of computing high quality global illumination at interactive frame rates. By extending the concept of photon differentials to efficiently handle diffuse reflections, we generate footprints at all photon hit points. These enable illumination reconstruction by density estimation with variable kernel bandwidths without having to locate the k nearest photon hits first. Adapting an efficient BVH construction process for ray tracing acceleration, we build photon maps that enable the fast retrieval of all hits relevant to a shading point. We present a heuristic that automatically tunes the BVH build's termination criterion to the scene and illumination conditions. As all stages of the algorithm are highly parallelizable, we demonstrate an implementation using NVidia's CUDA manycore architecture running at interactive rates on a single GPU. Both light source and camera may be freely moved with global illumination fully recalculated in each frame.
BTF Compression via Sparse Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Ruiters Roland , Klein Reinhard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel compression technique for Bidirectional Texture Functions based on a sparse tensor decomposition. We apply the K‐SVD algorithm along two different modes of a tensor to decompose it into a small dictionary and two sparse tensors. This representation is very compact, allowing for considerably better compression ratios at the same RMS error than possible with current compression techniques like PCA, N‐mode SVD and Per Cluster Factorization. In contrast to other tensor decomposition based techniques, the use of a sparse representation achieves a rendering performance that is at high compression ratios similar to PCA based methods.
Spatial Directional Radiance Caching
Authors: Gassenbauer Václav , Křivánek Jaroslav , Bouatouch Kadi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present a new approach for accelerated global illumination computation in scenes with glossy surfaces. Our algorithm combines sparse illumination computation used in the radiance caching algorithm with BRDF importance sampling. To make this approach feasible, we extend the idea of lazy illumination evaluation, used in the caching approaches, from the spatial to the directional domain. Using importance sampling allows us to apply caching not only on low‐gloss but also on shiny materials with high‐frequency BRDFs, for which the radiance caching algorithm breaks down.
The Use of Precomputed Triangle Clusters for Accelerated Ray Tracing in Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Garanzha Kirill 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present a hybrid algorithm for building the bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) that is used in accelerating ray tracing of animated models. This algorithm precomputes densely packed clusters of triangles on surfaces. Folowing that, a set of clusters is used to rebuild the BVH in every frame. Our approach utilizes the assumption that groups of connected triangles remain connected throughout the course of the animation. We introduce a novel heuristic to create triangle clusters that are designed for high performance ray tracing. This heuristic combines the density of connectivity, geometric size and the shape of the cluster.Our approach accelerates the BVH builder by an order of magnitude rebuilding only the set of clusters that is much smaller than the original set of triangles. The speed‐up is achieved against a ‘brute‐force’ BVH builder that repartitions all triangles in every frame of animation without using any pre‐clustering. The rendering performance is not affected when a cluster contains a few dozen triangles. We demonstrate the real‐time/interactive ray tracing performance for highly‐dynamic complex models.
Motion based Painterly Rendering
Authors: Lee H. , Lee C. H. , Yoon K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrevious painterly rendering techniques normally use image gradients for deciding stroke orientations. Image gradients are good for expressing object shapes, but difficult to express the flow or movements of objects. In real painting, the use of brush strokes corresponding to the actual movement of objects allows viewers to recognize objects' motion better and thus to have an impression of the dynamic. In this paper, we propose a novel painterly rendering algorithm to express dynamic objects based on their motion information. We first extract motion information (magnitude, direction, standard deviation) of a scene from a set of consecutive image sequences from the same view. Then the motion directions are used for determining stroke orientations in the regions with significant motions, and image gradients determine stroke orientations where little motion is observed. Our algorithm is useful for realistically and dynamically representing moving objects. We have applied our algorithm for rendering landscapes. We could segment a scene into dynamic and static regions, and express the actual movement of dynamic objects using motion based strokes.
The time and effort in taking care for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: a study on care load and support
Authors: Tadema Annemarie C. , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: August 2009

Accessible summaryIt is not easy for parents to care for a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). But we do not know how much effort it actually takes. If we want to help the parents, it is good to understand what it is they need to do and how much time that takes.We asked parents with what basic care tasks they had to help their child. And how much time that took them. We also asked parents if they had help from friends and relatives. We also wanted to know if professionals could really help to make the lives of parents a bit easier. There were 133 parents who answered all those questions.What they told us was important. They said:

Our children are very dependent on us. We have to help them with getting up, getting dressed, eating and drinking, and so on. And that will never stop, even if they grow older.
Some of us still have to get up night after night to look after the child. This is very tiring. To be up every night is really a burden.
We learn to live with the needs that our children have. It is more difficult for younger parents than it is for parents with an older child.
The support of professionals from special educational centre’s is very important for us. To us, it is even more important than help from friends.

SummaryRaising children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities is considered to be extremely difficult for parents, but figures on the content and amount of time needed for the caring task of parents is lacking. Data on what the caring task actually means (in terms of amount of time and type of task) is needed to be able to understand the parents’ support needs. A questionnaire was developed in order to collect information about both the caring task and the level of parental burden concerning health‐related tasks and basic need tasks such as eating and drinking, dressing and sleeping. Furthermore, the level of support parents experience from friends, relatives and special services is included and the use of special aids and resources is taken into account. A total of 133 parents completed the questionnaire. Most children are dependent on them for meeting all their basic needs and have several health problems. Significant relationships were found between the number of times parents have to get up at night and the level of burden at night, and between the days a child stayed in hospital and the level of parental burden. The results indicate that the caring task places heavy demands on parents. Professional support is alleviating and extremely important for parents. The caring task is not necessarily indicative for the subjective burden parents experience. Parents of young children express higher levels of burden than parents of older children.