bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chain Reaction for Isomerization from trans(Cl) to cis(Cl)‐Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 (bpy = 2,2′‐Bipyridine) Induced by NaBH4
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Ito Yasuhiro , Ishida Hitoshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstracttrans(Cl)‐Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2 (1; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) was found to efficiently isomerize to cis(Cl)‐1 in DMSO by addition of a catalytic amount of NaBH4, even at room temperature. The isomerization reaction is air sensitive, but does not require photoirradiation. Addition of the Cl– ion remarkably accelerates the reaction. A plausible chain reaction mechanism mediated by the reduced ruthenium dimer and monomer of 1 is proposed for the trans–cis isomerization.
Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,2′‐quinoline] Derivatives through a Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Yan , Gao Hong , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthetic procedure for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrospiro[indoline‐3,2′‐quinoline] derivatives was successfully developed and involves the four‐component reaction of arylamines, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, isatins, and a cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione in acetic acid. The advantages of this reaction include the use of common starting materials and mild reaction conditions and it is operationally simple.
Trapping and Analysing Wheland–Meisenheimer σ Complexes, Usually Labile and Escaping Intermediates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 6/2012)
Authors: Forlani Luciano , Boga Carla , Mazzanti Andrea , Zanna Nicola 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the image of the original crystals of the Wheland–Meisenheimer complex between 2,4‐dipyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐1,3‐thiazole and 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) visible under an Olympus SZX10 microscope and photographed by us. X‐ray diffraction analysis of zwitterionic Wheland–Meisenheimer complexes [derived from the reaction between 2,4‐dipyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐1,3‐thiazole and DNBF or 4,6‐dinitrotetrazolopyridine (DNTP)] has been achieved for the first time. Details are discussed in the article by L. Forlani, C. Boga et al. on p. 1123 ff. The authors thank Dr. Anna Nasci who created the background and inserted the images of the crystals in a frame of aesthetic appeal. magnified image
The value of cooperation between relays in the multiple‐access channel with multiple relays
Authors: Ghelber Boaz , Dabora Ron 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe study the discrete memoryless multiple‐access channel with two independent sources, two relays and a single destination. We refer to this configuration as the multiple‐access channel with multiple relays (MACMRs), which is a generalisation of the multiple‐access relay channel model obtained by adding a relay node. We present inner and outer bounds on the capacity region of the MACMR. The inner bound is based on a hierarchical decode‐and‐forward scheme, in which each relay decodes the messages of the lower hierarchy. We extend the regular encoding, sliding‐window decoding and backward decoding techniques, previously applied to multiple‐access relay channels and multiple‐relay channels, to MACMRs. The outer bounds are obtained using the cut‐set bound. For Gaussian MACMRs, the bounds are evaluated and compared with those obtained for the multiple‐access channel with parallel relays. We conclude that a significantimprovement in performance can be obtained by letting the relays interact with each other. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global strategy formulation and learning from the field: Three modes of comparative learning and a case illustration
Authors: Brannen Mary Yoko , Voisey Christopher J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFirms formulate their global strategies from what they have learned from observing others and from their own experiences relying on the logic of comparison. From the literature and an in‐depth case analysis, we identify three modes of comparative learning for global strategy formulation: seeking best practice, surfacing universals, and grounded strategizing. We argue that grounded strategizing, which we define as the process by which firms learn from unanticipated variations in their own global strategy implementation, is often inferred, remains relatively unexplored, and may provide the most valuable source of learning. By examining the case of NSK Ball Bearings, we show that strategy formulation is much like theory building—each era of internationalization has its own theoretical foundation based on differing basic assumptions and logics of comparison.
Microsurgical reconstruction of composite scalp and calvarial defects in patients with cancer: A 10‐year experience
Authors: Chao Albert H. , Yu Peirong , Skoracki Roman J. , DeMonte Franco , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn scalp reconstruction, soft tissue and osseous defects frequently coexist. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of simultaneous scalp and calvarial reconstruction to scalp only reconstruction.MethodsA review of microsurgical scalp reconstruction with or without cranioplasty over a 10‐year period was performed.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐eight scalp reconstructions were performed, of which 48 involved concurrent cranioplasty. The overall rate of perioperative complications was 21.0%, whereas the rate of late recipient site complications was 11.6%. No significant differences in perioperative (p = .56) or late (p = .42) recipient site complications were observed between patients undergoing scalp and calvarial versus scalp only reconstruction. In terms of complications, muscle free flaps with skin grafts were as reliable as free flaps with skin paddles (p = .36).ConclusionSimultaneous scalp and calvarial reconstruction is associated with success rates equivalent to scalp only reconstruction. Muscle flaps covered with skin grafts and flaps with a skin paddle seem to be equally reliable. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Analysis of information exchange activities to actualize and validate situation awareness during shift changeovers in nuclear power plants
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Victor Rodrigues de , Benchekroun Tahar‐Hakim , Gomes Jose Orlando 
Published: February 2012

AbstractShift work situations occur in almost all safety‐critical organizations, and the investigations of some catastrophes like Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez, and the Gol/Legacy mid‐air collision indicated that shift work information exchange played an important role during the evolution of the situation before the accidents. Inadequate communications during shift changeovers challenged operators' work in the moments that preceded these accidents, because they got inadequate information about the current situation. Our research focuses on the information exchange activities (verbal, written, and nonverbal) of nuclear power plant control operators during shift changeovers. Our aim is to investigate how verbal exchanges and other representations enable operator crews to share information regarding the events that occurred in the previous shift to achieve adequate situation awareness. Our findings indicated the importance and richness of the information exchange during the shift changeover process to update and validate individual and collective situation awareness, showing that information adequately shared enables the ad hoc configurations of regulation loops and a safer use of simplified strategies that can be understood and be validated by other operators, reducing the occurrence of cognitive overloads and contributing to the construction of a common cognitive ground that enhances system resilience. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A software‐based method for ergonomic posture assessment in automotive preproduction planning: Concordance and difference in using software and personal observation for assessments
Authors: Klippert Juergen , Gudehus Thomas , Zick Juergen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article describes the pilot study for testing a system for ergonomic posture assessment.1 The software‐based approach for ergonomic assessment is based on motion capturing work tasks using realistic mock‐ups of the assembly environment. The approach for ergonomic assessment reduces the expenditure of time for evaluation. This may lead to considerable ergonomic aspects during the early stages of production planning. A comparative test between human observers and the software system was carried out. The test of the system focuses on correct recognition of postures from the motion data and compares the computer‐based evaluation with the results of a manual analysis carried out by a human observer. The tests indicate sufficient results for the automated assessment, especially for the arm and leg postures. But there is still some potential for further improvement of the recognition accuracy of the back postures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconstructing snowmelt runoff in the Yukon River basin using the SWEHydro model and AMSR‐E observations
Authors: Ramage Joan , Semmens Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSnowmelt timing and snow water equivalent (SWE) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR‐E) are used as inputs to the SWEHydro model to simulate spring snowmelt runoff in high‐latitude, snow‐dominated drainages. AMSR‐E data from 2003 to 2010 are used to determine the timing of melt onset and snow saturation on the basis of changes in brightness temperature (Tb) and diurnal amplitude variations (DAV). Pre‐melt SWE data are combined with terrain information and melt rate estimates to calculate runoff. After melt onset, there is a ‘melt transition period’ with daytime melt and nocturnal refreeze. The melt transition is characterized by high Tb oscillations (high DAV). At the end of high DAV, the snowpack is melting at a higher rate. The model uses four parameters: snowmelt rate during and after melt transition (defined by Tb and DAV thresholds) and flow timing during and after melt transition. The model effectively simulates spring freshet, peak timing and magnitude, and volume (between days 50 and 180) in basins lacking sufficient meteorological measurements for conventional models. We compare the model response in the Pelly and Stewart Rivers, tributaries to the Yukon River, to evaluate model parameters in broadly similar basins under varying conditions. Simulated freshet timing is strongly related to snowmelt timing, and the modeled hydrograph is most sensitive to the flow timing parameter. This observationally based model has potential as a module for quantifying spring snowmelt runoff and timing in physically based models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the soil and water assessment tool model on the Lower Porsuk Stream Watershed
Authors: Güngör Ömer , Göncü Serdar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWatershed models that combine hydrology and water quality are being widely used in integrated watershed management for the determination of best water management practices. In this study, the hydrology of the Lower Porsuk Stream Watershed in Turkey has been modelled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to determine optimal water management strategies. The calibration and the validation process have been accomplished using data from two monitoring stations. The model has been run for the 1978–2009 period, and while the 1998–2004 period has been used for calibration, the validation has spanned the whole period. The SWATCup calibration and uncertainty program has been used for this purpose. No significant differences have been detected among different iteration numbers in the calibration period. The monthly Nash–Sutcliffe and R2 performance indicators for the upstream Esenkara station have been 0.74 and 0.88, respectively, for the calibration period, and 0.87 and 0.87, respectively, for the validation period. The Kiranharmani station, which is located close to the watershed outlet, has shown values of 0.59 and 0.72, respectively, for the calibration period, and 0.44 and 0.56, respectively, for the validation period. There are uncertainties in the abstracted irrigation and groundwater quantities that have reflected in the results in the Kiranharmani station, which is more affected as it lies downstream of the irrigation areas. The effects of different irrigation practices on the flow regime have been also investigated. A scenario has been implemented in which drip irrigation wholly replaces conventional furrow and sprinkler irrigation. The scenario has shown increases in stream flows by 87% for the whole year. The adoption of more efficient irrigation practices thus results in reducing the water stress induced by irrigation demands. With this study, a modelling framework has been founded to aid water management applications in the Lower Porsuk Stream Watershed by generating scenarios for best management practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using temperature effect on seepage variations as proxy for phenological processes of basin‐scale vegetation communities
Authors: Cao Jiansheng , Liu Changming , Zhang Wanjun , Han Shumin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe identification of vegetation community growth season is critical for measuring the response of ecosystems to climate change. In this study, vegetation community growth season is measured via fixed‐point monitoring of dynamic short‐time processes of rock‐fissure seepage in the Taihang Mountain Region (TMR). The hydrometeorological data used in the study are obtained from tipping‐bucket flowmeters and automated weather stations in the region. Significant differences are noted in daily rock‐fissure seepage for different growth seasons. The study shows that during growth seasons, seepage processes in the TMR study area vary with air temperature. Although seepage in the region gradually decreases from 06:20 to 17:00 h, it increases from 18:00 to 06:00 h. Analysis shows a significant (R2 > 0.8) negative correlation between seepage and air temperature during growth seasons. For nongrowth seasons, however, seepage processes exhibit near‐harmonic variations with air temperature. Also, although seepage during nongrowth seasons gradually increases from 02:30 to 12:30 h, it gradually decreases from 13:30 to 02:20 h. A significant (R2 > 0.8) positive correlation also exists between seepage and air temperature during nongrowth seasons. During seasonal crop rotations, however, significant disorders and inconsistencies occur in the seepage processes in the study area. The observed seasonal variations in daily rock‐fissure seepages could lay the scientific basis for the adapting trends in crop growth seasons to climate change. Information on this process is critical for crop production and food security for the millions of people in China and beyond. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reservoir rainfall‐runoff geomorphological model. II: analysis, calibration and validation
Authors: Goñi M. , López J. J. , Gimena F. N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe model presented in the complementary document entitled, Reservoir rainfall‐runoff geomorphological model I: parameter application and analysis is analysed, calibrated and validated in this paper. The accuracy of simulated hydrographs is analysed by means of the efficiency defined by Nash and Sutcliffe. The sensitivity of the influence of five parameters on the behaviour of the model developed is analysed. Two different calibration and validation processes of Reservoir rainfall‐runoff geomorphological model are performed in Aixola watershed. Twelve events have been selected for calibrations and 25 for validations. With the first calibration and validation process, the model parameters are set by assigning the medians' values of the distributions obtained by means of the optimum results. The second process is performed by calibrating the most determinant parameter in the adjustment, which is the one that indicates the proportion of infiltrated water that is retained and does not flow; this is done with an empirical formulation depending on the event characteristics. Subsequently, the obtained results are validated. This last process has achieved very good adjustments in both calibrated and validated events. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved and spatio‐temporal analysis of complex cognitive processes and their role in disorders like developmental dyscalculia
Authors: Mórocz István Ákos , Janoos Firdaus , van Gelderen Peter , Manor David , Karni Avi , Breznitz Zvia , von Aster Michael , Kushnir Tammar , Shalev Ruth 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this article is to report on the importance and challenges of a time‐resolved and spatio‐temporal analysis of fMRI data from complex cognitive processes and associated disorders using a study on developmental dyscalculia (DD). Participants underwent fMRI while judging the incorrectness of multiplication results, and the data were analyzed using a sequence of methods, each of which progressively provided more a detailed picture of the spatio‐temporal aspect of this disease. Healthy subjects and subjects with DD performed alike behaviorally, though they exhibited parietal disparities using traditional “voxel‐based” group analyses. Further and more detailed differences, however, surfaced with a “time‐resolved” examination of the neural responses during the experiment. While performing intergroup comparisons, a third group of subjects with dyslexia but with no arithmetic difficulties was included to test the specificity of the analysis and strengthen the statistical base with overall 58 subjects. Surprisingly, the analysis showed a functional dissimilarity during an initial reading phase for the group of dyslexic but otherwise normal subjects, with respect to controls, though only numerical digits and no alphabetic characters were presented. Thus, our results suggest that “time‐resolved multivariate” analysis of complex experimental paradigms has the ability to yield powerful new clinical insights about abnormal brain function. Similarly, a detailed compilation of aberrations in the functional cascade may have much greater potential to delineate the core processing problems in mental disorders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 81–96, 2012
The effects of bone marrow aspirate, bone graft, and collagen composites on fixation of titanium implants
Authors: Babiker Hassan , Ding Ming , Sandri Monica , Tampieri Anna , Overgaard Søren 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReplacement of extensive local bone loss especially in revision joint arthroplasty and spine fusion is a significant clinical challenge. Allograft and autograft have been considered as gold standards for bone replacement. However, there are several disadvantages such as donor site pain, bacterial contamination, and non union as well as the potential risk of disease transmission. Hydroxyapatite and collagen composites (HA/Collagen) have the potential in mimicking and replacing skeletal bones. This study attempted to determine the effects of newly developed HA/Collagen‐composites with and without bone marrow aspirate (BMA) on enhancement of bone implant fixation. Method: Titanium alloy implants were inserted into bilateral femoral condyles of eight skeletally mature sheep, four implants per sheep. The implant had a circumferential gap of 2 mm. The gap was filled with: HA/Collagen; HA/Collagen‐BMA; autograft or allograft. Allograft was served as the control group. The observation period was 5 weeks. The sheep were euthanized and both femurs were harvested. A push‐out mechanical test and histological analysis were performed. Results: No significant differences were seen in the mechanical properties and histomorphometry between autograft and allograft groups. The implants in both the HA/Collagen and HA/Collagen‐BMA groups were mostly surrounded by fibrous tissue. Thus, mechanical testing of these samples was impossible. The histomorphometry results showed significantly more new bone and bone ongrowth in the allograft and autograft group compared with the HA/Collagen and HA/Collagen‐BMA groups, but no significant difference between HA/Collagen and HA/Collagen‐BMA. Conclusion: Autograft and allograft have similar effect on fixation of bone implants. HA/Collagen composite with or without BMA has no effect on the early fixation of bone implants in this sheep model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
An effective approach by a chelate reaction in optimizing the setting process of strontium‐incorporated calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Kuang Guan‐Ming , Yau W.P. , Lam W. M. , Wu Jun , Chiu K. Y. , Lu William W. , Pan Haobo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractStrontium (Sr) plays a special role in enhancing the biological osteo‐stimulation of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), not only increasing osteoblast‐related gene expression and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but also inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclasts. However, the incorporation of Sr unfortunately delays the setting of CPC and weakens its mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to overcome the aforementioned problems by introducing a chelate reaction between Ca/Sr cations from the original solid phases and carboxyl groups from the liquid phases. As expected, the setting process of Sr‐incorporated CPC was optimized and the cement body after rapid hardening was mostly consisting of unreacted original solid phases. After soaking in simulated body fluid for 14 and 28 days, the composition of the cement body gradually converted to the most thermodynamic stable phase, hydroxyapatite, indicating an in vitro bioactivity. The compressive strength was not impaired in the Sr‐incorporated groups, but rather, further increased over time. Higher cell proliferation rate and better ALP activity of MG‐63 cells cultured on the cement surface were obtained with the presence of Sr content, demonstrating potential abilities to favor new bone formation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Photocatalytic degradation of 17α‐ethynylestradiol in environmental samples by ZnO under simulated solar radiation
Authors: Frontistis Zacharias , Fatta‐Kassinos Despo , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Xekoukoulotakis Nikolaos P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently, the fate of emerging micro‐contaminants in environmentally relevant samples has attracted considerable attention. Semiconductor photocatalysis may offer an appealing methodology to treat such contaminants; in this respect, the degradation of synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethynylestradiol (EE2) employing simulated solar radiation and ZnO as the photocatalyst was investigated.RESULTS: A factorial design approach was adopted to evaluate the effect of estrogen concentration (100–500 µg L−1), ZnO concentration (50‐500 mg L−1 in suspension), treatment time (2‐10 min), photon flux (4.93 × 10−7–5.8 × 10−7 einstein L−1 s−1) and the water matrix (ultrapure water and treated wastewater) on EE2 removal. The first four variables had a statistically important, positive effect on degradation, while the water matrix introduced a negative effect presumably due to the competition between EE2 and the effluent organic and inorganic matter for hydroxyl radicals and other oxidizing species. Moreover, second‐order interactions of estrogen concentration with time and the water matrix were also significant. EE2 degradation follows first‐order kinetics with the respective rate constants in wastewater and water being 9.2 ± 0.7 × 10−2 and 41 ± 8 × 10−2 min−1 at the maximum ZnO concentration and photon flux. On the other hand, the removal rate of effluent's overall estrogenicity (as assessed by the yeast estrogen screening bioassay) was an order of magnitude lower than that of EE2, implying the presence of persistent estrogenic compounds in the photocatalyzed effluent.CONCLUSIONS: An effective treatment process is demonstrated which benefits from the use of renewable energy and a stable and highly active photocatalyst. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry