bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VIVO TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS*
Authors: Davis Thomas P. 
Published: May 2009

The measurement of non‐steady‐state temperatures in biological material presents special problems fundamentally related to the temperature concept. These problems may be divided into those of technique and those of theory. Technical requirements are well recognized and include the need for a small temperature sensing element in close thermal contact with the material under study. The response time of the temperature sensing and recording apparatus must be short compared with the period of the hyperthermic episode, and the physical position of the thermoelement within the body and the temporal events in the heating cycle must be known precisely.Experimental procedures should be guided by a careful mathematical analysis of the system under study; without an adequate theoretical study a temperature measurement per se is of no predictive value. Ideally, the analysis should proceed from a reasonably faithful model of the actual system of interest to a formal analytical solution of the model. This solution will dictate the appropriate physical measurements to be made, while the latter will validate the model and provide the necessary numerical values of the parameters of the solution. When this has been accomplished, the problem is solved, within the limitations of the model.Finally, it must be stressed that in studies of thermal injury, the establishing of the temperature response of a biological system is but the first step in the overall problem of relating thermal insult to resultant biological damage. The second step requires a relation between temperature and injury. It has been established that damage is not a function of the maximum temperature at is not now known with sufficient generality to allow confident predictions of biological injury from temperature response except in a few well‐studied systems (13). This is certainly an area in which much further works remain to be done.
EXPERIMENTELLE UND KLINISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR DICKENMESSUNG DER LEDERHAUT MIT ULTRASCHALL***
Authors: Oksala Arvo , Varonen Eeva‐Raija 
Published: May 2009

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIndem man sowohl von Schweinewie Pinderaugen Gebrauch machte, wurde bei zwei verschiedenen Verstärkungen des Ultraschall‐Gerätes das Verhältnis zwischen der Breite des Echos der Lederhaut und deren wirklicher Dicke untersucht. Dabei wurde konstatiert, dass mit zunehmender Dicke der Lederhaut ihr Echogramm breiter wird. Es wurden bei beiden Verstärkungen Nomogramme hergestellt, gemäss denen eine Ablesung auf der Skala des Messungsgerätes einem Abstand von etwa 0,06 mm in der Lederhaut entsprach. Bei dieser Untersuchung wurde die Schallgeschwindigkeit sowohl der Lederhaut wie der Aderhaut bei + 20° C untersucht, und das Ergebnis war etwa 1604 m/Sek für die Lederhaut und etwa 1533 m/Sek für die Aderhaut.Bei den klinischen Untersuchungen wurde die Dicke der Lederhaut in 15 gesunden und 11 pathologischen Augen gemessen, bei Ausnutzung der gewonnenen Nomogramme. Die durchschnittliche Dicke der gesunden Lederhäute in der Hinterwand des Auges betrug ungef. 1,23 mm und der pathologischen Lederhäute ungef. 1,61 mm. Der Fehler der Methode war sehr gering. Wenngleich eine derartige Messung in der Praxis in mancher Hinsicht schwierig ist und eine lange Erfahrung verlangt, kann sie jedoch öfters ausgeführt werden und ist die einzige Möglichkeit, Klarheit über die Dicke der Lederhaut in den hinteren Teilen des lebenden Auges zu erhalten. Wir sind der Meinung, dass man die Verdickung der Lederhaut feststellen kann, falls sie 0,3 mm oder mehr beträgt.
ETUDE DES DIFFÉRENTS FACTEURS DETERMINANT LE COEFFICIENT DE RIGIDITÉ D'UN GLOBE OCULAIRE
Authors: Ikema M. , Grieten J. 
Published: May 2009

RESUMELe coefficient de rigidité de Friedenwald (K) dépend non seulement des propriétés élastiques de la coque oculaire, mais aussi du volume et de la forme de celle‐ci. Ces constatations nous amènent à remplacer la notion de rigidité oculaire par son inverse, la capacité oculaire, exprimée par le coefficient de capacité du globe oculaire (C = 1/K).
THE COMPOSITION OF THE AQUEOUS HUMOUR OF MAN IN APHAKIA
Authors: De Berardinis E. , Tieri O. , Iuglio N. , Polzella A. 
Published: May 2009

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZwischen dem Vorderkammerwasser eines aphakischen menschlichen Auges und dem des kontralateralen Auges derselben Person mit noch vorhandener Linse bestehen keine Unterschiede in der Konzentration von Bikarbonaten, Milchsäure, Glukose und Chloriden. Diese Resultate bewiesen, dass der Stoffwechsel der Linse fast keine Wirkung auf die Zusammensetzung des Kammerwassers ausübt.RÉSUMÉEntre l'humeur aqueuse d'un oeil humain aphaque et celle de l'oeil controìatéral du même sujet oà le cristallin est encore présent, il n'existe aucune différence de concentration en bicarbonates, acide lactique, glucose et chlorures. Ce résultat montre que, chez l'homme, le métabolisme lenticulaire exerce une action presque nulle sur la composition de l'humeur aqueuse.
KLINISCHE ERFAHRUNGEN MIT DEM TRÄNENSTREIFEN‐VERDÜNNUNGSTEST VON M. S. NORN
Authors: Brandt H. P. , Fritsche G. 
Published: May 2009

ZusammenfassungEs wird über kolorimetrische Messungen der Tränensekretion mit dem Tränenstreifen‐Verdünnungstest nach M. S. Norn berichtet, wobei die Verfasser das Verfahren modifizierten. Bei 950 gesunden Augen wurde ein durchschnittliches Tränenvolumen von 9,5 ml/24 Stunden ermittelt, das deutlich altersabhängig war. Ausserdem wurde das Ausmass vermehrter Tränensekretion bei Hornhautfremdkörpern verschiedener Lokalisation und bei akuter Conjunktivitis bestimmt.Eine Hyposekretion fand sich bei Conjunktivitis chronica, sicca und epidemica.Der Tränenstreifen‐Verdünnungstest nach Norn stellt eine klinisch brauchbare und einfache Methode dar, die genaue quantitative Aussagen über die Tränensekretion erlaubt.
A METHOD OF MEASURING PUPILLARY AQUEOUS FLOW
Authors: Holm O. , Krakau C. E. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIf the content of the anterior chamber of the living eye is stained with fluorescein introduced via the cornea (preferably by means of iontophoresis) and the dye is well mixed in the aqueousby movements of the eye or by increasing the convection, the newly formed aqueous is seen as an uncoloured “bubble” emerging from the pupil. The latter should be miotic. By a photogrammetric procedure, based on a “slicing” of the bubble into a number of optical sections, which are cine‐photographed, its volume can be estimated. If the size of the bubble is measured on two occasions, with known time interval‐a few seconds‐an estimate of the pupillary flow can easily be calculated. The procedure can be repeated an arbitrary number of times by mixing the content of the chamber before each measurement.
COLD ABSCESS IN THE ORBIT
Authors: Mehra K.S. , Khanna N.N. , Nema H.V. , Mathur J.S. , Nagarajackar J. , Tandon H.D. 
Published: May 2009

SYNOPSIS ABSTRACTIt is the purpose here to report a case of Cold Abscess in the orbit of a male child aged 4 yrs. Not many cases of cold abscess in the orbit have been reported in the literature hence it is being reported.
SELTENE “BEGLEIT”‐BILDER BEI PERIPHLEBITIS RETINAE
Authors: Kühl W. 
Published: May 2009

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs werden die Befunde von vier Patienten mit Periphlebitis retinae, bei denen als “Begleit”‐bilder eine Heterochromiecyclitis, eine Multiple Sklerose, eine unvollstándige Zentralvenenthrombose und Angoid streaks auftraten, geschildert. Es werden mögliche ätiologische Zusammenhänge diskutiert, die Polyphänie der Periphlebitis retinae und die vielfältigen Beziehungen zu anderen Erkrankungen betont.
DER EINFLUSS VON LINSEN AUF DAS SCHALLFELD
Authors: OKSALA A. , BLOK P. 
Published: May 2009

ZusammenfassungUm den Einfluss der Linse auf das Schallfeld im Auge unter einigen Bedingungen zu prüfen, die bei der klinischen Untersuchung am Auge gegeben sind, wurde in experimenteller Aufstellung dem nachgegangen, wie der Strahlenverlauf des Ultraschallbiindels modifiziert wird, wenn esa) Senkrecht axial auf die Linse auftrifft, d. h. die Schallbündelachse durch Linsenvorderpol und ‐hinterpol geht;b) Aus dieser senkrechten Stellung durch Kippen über 1° und 2° nach links und nach rechts gebracht wird.Der Verlauf der Strahlen wurde festgelegt mittels einer stählernen Testkugel mit 1 mm und 1.5 mm Ø, die in drei Entfernungen: 15 mm, 20 mm und 25 mm vom Schallkopf mitten durch das Schallfeld in einer geraden Linie senkrecht zur Schallbündelachse geführt wurde, wenn diese letztere in der 0°‐Stellung stand.Durch Vergleich des registrierten Strahlenverlaufs ohne und mit zwischengeschalteter Linse konnte festgestellt werden, dass unter diesen Bedingungen der Linsenrand Ultraschallwellen starker bricht als die zentralen Linsenpartien. Sie verhält sich also für Ultraschallwellen wie eine Streulinse.In den unter b) festgelegten Kippstellungen liegen registrierte Veränderungen am Augenhintergrund nicht mehr in der Verlängerung der Schallkopfachse, was für eine genaue Lokalisation der Befunde am Augenhintergrund wichtig ist.
MUCOSUBSTANCES OF THE ACINI OF THE HUMAN LACRIMAL GLAND (ORBITAL PART)
Authors: JENSEN O. A. , FALBE‐HANSEN I. , JACOBSEN TOVE , MICHELSEN ANNETTE 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe mucosubstances of the acini of the human orbital lacrimal gland were examined by applying a battery of histochemical methods to normal gland tissue. The material was obtained during operation and postmortally from persons 20–50 years old.The mucosubstances of the acini were found to be orthochromatic, strongly PAS‐ and PAPS‐positive, strongly alcianophilic and Hale‐positive, to have methylene blue extinction values mainly between pH 3.5 and pH 3, to be hyaluronidase resistant and highly neuraminidase sensitive and partly protein bound. In the periphery of the cytoplasm were found aldehyde fuchsin‐, safranin‐ and high iron diamine‐positive material in small amounts.The findings indicate a high amount of sialic acid and small amounts peripherally of weakly acid sulfated mucopolysaccharides.
RECOGNITION OF THE LANDOLT RING AS A FUNCTION OF ITS ORIENTATION
Authors: NIELSEN VIGO HEMMERSHØJ 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnder identical experimental conditions recognition thresholds have been determined for four orientations of the Landolt Ring (six observes and 2168 presentations). The results show that the differences (preferences) between the visual angle thresholds of the four orientations for each subject and for the four averages, do not differ significantly.
60 YEARS RETROSPECT ON GLAUCOMA SIMPLEX
Authors: GJESSING HARALD G. A. 
Published: May 2009

ZusammenfassungIn einer augenärtzlichen Praktik mit beinahe sechzigjähriger Tätigkeit befanden sich unter einem Krankengut von 71 550 Patienten 1758 Fälle von Glaucoma simplex (2,4%). 1058 waren Männer und 700 Frauen. Insgesamt 2671 Augen waren affiziert. In 1405 Fällen konnte medikamentöse Behandlung die Tension normalisieren. In 1212 blieben die Gesichtsfelder unverändert, in 546 Fällen waren sie eingeschränkt. 546 antiglaukomatöse Operationen wurden ausgeführt, davon 381 Iridencleisen mit meridionaler Iridotomie nach Holth, der vom Verfasser vorgezogene Eingriff. Die Resultate waren: Normalisierung der Tension in 81%, Konservierung des Gesichtsfeldes in 60% und Sehschärfe in 71%. Solange die Gesichtsfelder unverändert blieben, warnt der Verf. gegen Operation. Kein Fall von sympatischer Augenerkrankung kam vor. Die Normalisierung des Augendruckes nach Iridencleisis konnte sich zuweilen mehrere Monate verspäten.
EXAMEN DES VAISSEAUX RÉTINIENS EN LUMIÈRE MONOCHROMATIQUE VARIABLE DANS L'ARTÉRIOLOSCLÉROSE ET L'HYPERTRIGLYCÉRIDÉMIE
Authors: FORSMANN OLOF , KORNERUP TORE 
Published: May 2009

Résumé

Par l'examen du fond d'oeil en lumière monochromatique variable on peut déterminer l'étroite zône des longueurs d'ondes où se change l'absorption de la lumière par un vaisseau. La valeur numérique de cette zône est la valeur LK. La valeur LK d'un vaisseau dépend à la fois de l'état de la paroi vasculaire et de la composition du sang. Après l'injection intraveineuse d'une émulsion graisseuse, LK diminue dans les cas normaux et reste inchangée ou change très peu dans l'artériolosclérose.
La valeur de LK d'une artériole rétinienne dans un cas donné dépend en partie du taux des triglycérides dans le sérum et en partie du degré des lésions artérioloscléreuses de la paroi vasculaire.
Dans les cas d'artériolosclérose avancée les lésions de la paroi vasculaire rendent impossible la démonstration des altérations du taux des lipides dans le sang, à moins que l'examen ne porte sur une partie normale du vaisseau.
Un abaissement thérapeutique du taux des triglycérides dans les cas d'hypertriglycéridémie montra une augmentation de LK. Chez les sujets avec augmentation modérée des lipides où l'effet thérapeutique avait été modeste, on a noté dans certains cas une augmentation de LK, dans d'autres cas aucun changement.
Un changement de LK lors de deux examens différents, à condition que le taux des triglycérides reste inchangé, implique la survenue de changements dans les parois des vaisseaux.

Cette méthode n'est pas valable pour poser le diagnostic d'artériolosclérose des vaisseaux rétiniens, à moins que l'examen ne se fasse en combinaison avec une injection intraveineuse d'une émulsion de graisses.
IRIS PIGMENT DEFECTS IN NORMALS
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDefects of the iris pigment layer have been studied in normal eyes by means of transpupillary transillumination according to Abrams. Defects were detected near the pupil and in the pupillary ruff.Such defects were seen in none of the normal subjects aged under 45, but were increasingly frequent in the older age‐classes (5 per cent irides with pigment layer defects and 12 per cent with pupillary ruff defects in the age‐class of 45–50, against 72 and 56 per cent respectively among the normals aged over 80). The defects were most often found infero‐nasally. The defects near the pupil consisted in half of the cases of few punctate holes, and in the other half of more than five holes, of larger holes, or confluent holes.A knowledge of such defects in normals is required before it is possible to assess whether defects in a given patient may be signs of a pathological condition (uveitis, acute glaucoma, injury, etc.) or merely indicate a physiological, age‐determined wear and tear within the pupillary region.In addition to the defects described above, transparency within a sector inferiorly in the iris was seen in 4 per cent of the normal series. This phenomenon may, perhaps, be interpreted as an abortive coloboma of the posterior lamina of the iris.
INTRAOCULAR PSEUDOTUMOURS IN DENMARK
Authors: JENSEN O. A. , KLEENER J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA histopathological series of 45 children with intraocular pseudotumours in Denmark from 1942 to 1966 was studied. The number of eyes examined was 50. The average population was 4.1 million. A clinical and histopathological correlation between these cases and a previously published series of 69 patients with retinoblastomas was undertaken.In about two‐thirds of the total material, the clinical diagnosis was retinoblastoma, and in the remainder a pseudotumour. In the first of these groups, just under half were cases of Coats's disease, which was also the most frequent lesion in the total material. Next in frequency were inflammatory lesions and malformations.Various clinical and histopathological aspects such as sex and age, location, past history, general condition, signs and symptoms are analysed indicative of the benign lesions or the malignant tumour. It is concluded that it is the sum of many parameters and the experience of the clinician which may determine the correct diagnosis, and that it is always wise to enucleate a useless eye. The omnibus item, pseudotumour, should be replaced to the greatest possible extent by a pathogenetical diagnosis.
ZUM BILD DER POLYKORIE
Authors: DOMKE H. 
Published: May 2009

ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen Fall der seltenen, echten Polykorie berichtet, bei der jede Pupille ihren eigenen, vollständigen Sphinktermuskel hat. Auf die Kombination mit anderen Anomalien, die Differentialdiagnose und die Entwicklungsmechanik wird hingewiesen.
EYELID OINTMENT PENETRATING INTO CONJUNCTIVAL SAC
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

By rubbing dyed ointment into the palpebral skin along the lid margin of the closed eye, transition of ointment to precorneal film and conjunctival sac was demonstrated in 54% of 105 applications. The ointment entered most often at the inner or the outer canthus.Where rubbing into the corners of the eye was avoided, appreciable amounts of ointment were detectable in no more than 3%.The penetration of the ointment seems to be independent of its melting point (petroleum jelly, mixture of petroleum jelly and liquid paraffin, peanut oil).
COMPARISON OF BUPIVACAINE WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENALIN AND MEPIVACAINE WITH ADRENALIN IN INTRAOCULAR SURGERY
Authors: LAAKA V. , NIKKI P. , TARKKANEN A. 
Published: May 2009

A comparative double‐blind study has been made of 0.5% bupivacaine (Marcaine®) with adrenalin 1:200 000, 0.5% bupivacaine plain, and 2% mepivacaine (Carbocaine®) with adrenalin 1:200 000, in a series of 35 patients undergoing cataract and glaucoma surgery.The onset time of analgesia did not differ in the groups, but the onset of akinesia in orbicularis, and especially in the extraocular muscles, seemed longer in both bupivacaine groups.The duration of analgesia was about one and a half times as long, and that of akinesia about twice as long in the two bupivacaine groups as in the mepivacaine/adrenalin group.In the bupivacaine plain group an increased tendency towards conjunctival bleeding was observable during the operation; consequently, bupivacaine with adrenalin is preferable.In ocular surgery, 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenalin offers a good choice of local analgesic agent when local anesthesia must last a long time. Due to its slow onset, the local blocks have to be administered at least 30 minutes before the surgery is begun.
STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE DRAINAGE AREA OF THE EYE OF MAN
Authors: NESTEROV A. P. , BATMANOV Y. E. 
Published: May 2009

In meridional sections, the anterior chamber angle is characterised by the width of the entrance into the angle, the shape of the apex, the configuration of the angle recess, and the position of the anterior part of the ciliary body. There are considerable variations in the morphology of the canal of Schlemm. The most important characteristics of the canal include the position of the sinus as regards the apex of the anterior chamber angle, the width of its lumen, and the inclination of the canal of Schlemm towards the anterior chamber. The meridional portion of the ciliary body usually reaches the scleral spur. However, in some eyes the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle is located behind the scleral spur.In some presumably normal eyes, a partial blockage of the lumen of the Schlemm's canal was observed. Blockage was achieved experimentally on isolated eyes of man by increasing the pressure in the anterior chamber. The anterior position of the Schlemm's canal, the narrow scleral spur, and the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle may be considered anatomical predispositions to blockage of the Schlemm's canal and the intertrabecular spaces.
THE VALUE OF PHOTOCOAGULATION IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: ZETTERSTRÖM BIRGITTA 
Published: May 2009

Photocoagulation was carried out on 80 patients with bilateral symmetrical diabetic retinopathy whose ages ranged from 21 to 70 years. Only one eye was treated in each case and the response was compared with the condition of the untreated fellow eye. The degree of severity of retinopathy varied; changes such as microaneurysm, retinal oedema, yellow exudate, dilated blood vessels, retinal neovascularisation not involving the vitreous, and intra‐retinal and preretinal haemorrhages were present. Cases which showed formation of new vessels or connective tissue proliferation into the vitreous were excluded.The follow‐up period varied from 1 to 3 years. All patients were followed up with fundus photographs in colour, estimation of visual acuity, and fluorescein angiography. These procedures showed a clear‐cut remission of retinopathy in 68% of the cases, no improvement in 26% and progression of the lesions in 10%. As regards the situation in the untreated fellow eye, the corresponding percentages were 14, 71, and 15%, respectively.
CITRATE AND PYRUVATE CONCENTRATIONS IN BOVINE AQUEOUS HUMOUR
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN 
Published: May 2009

The results are reported of enzymatic‐colorimetric determinations of citrate concentrations in aqueous humour and plasma, and of pyruvate concentrations in aqueous humour from cattle aged from 1 to 10 years. The mean citrate concentration in aqueous humour samples from 32 animals was 86.5 ± 16.3 μmol/1 (mean value ± standard deviation). In plasma samples from 27 animals the mean citrate concentration was 110.3 ± 47.2 μmol/1.In aqueous humour samples from 24 of the 32 cattles, the mean pyruvate concentration was 172.6 ± 35.6 μmol/1.Regression analysis revealed a relationship between age and the citrate concentrations in aqueous humour (p < 0.001) and between age and the pyruvate concentrations in aqueous humour (0.05 > p > 0.02), the citrate concentrations rising and the pyruvate concentrations falling with increasing age. No relationship was demonstrated between the plasma citrate concentrations and age (0.50 > p > 0.40).
NAUSEA AND VOMITING AFTER OCULAR SURGERY
Authors: NIKKI P. , POHJOLA S. 
Published: May 2009

The frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting following common ocular operations was studied in 110 male and 125 female patients anaesthetized by four different techniques: N2O‐ O2‐relaxant anaesthesia, neurolept analgesia, N2O‐O2‐halothane anaesthesia, and local anaesthesia with 2% mepivacaine. There were no significant differences between these various techniques in regard to the frequency of nausea and vomiting, although local anaesthesia seemed to give the best results in this respect.In the second part of the study, the antiemetic effect of dehydrobenzperidol was studied in 127 male and 175 female patients. A dose of 2.5 mg of this drug was effective in preventing postoperative vomiting both after N2O‐O2‐relaxant anaesthesia and, more distinctly, after local anaesthesia.
EYE DISEASE IN THE ESKIMO AND IN THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL: A BRIEF COMPARISON
Authors: MANN IDA 
Published: May 2009

Two groups of persons living under very different conditions of environment and culture were studied from the point of view of their eye diseases. The Eskimos of the north of the American Continent are contrasted in this context with the Australian Aboriginals.The first group, culturally adapted to extreme cold and largely isolated until recently, shows a high incidence of phlyctenulosis and the results of trauma. Strabismus, narrow angle glaucoma and senile cataract were found inter alia. Trachoma, leprosy and nutritional eye disease were absent.The Australian Aboriginals live in a dry tropical climate. They are highly subject to trachoma, leprosy, and some cataract. Glaucoma, convergent strabismus and nutritional eye disease were absent. In both groups the diet is high in animal protein. Both groups are no longer isolated and the disease pattern is changing.
NEW COMPRESSION TESTS IN GLAUCOMA
Authors: NESTEROV A. P. , CHURBANOVA E. K. , KOLOTKOVA A. I. 
Published: May 2009

Two new diagnostic techniques based on the compression of the eye are described. The simplified bulbar pressure test includes the compression of the eyeball through the upper eyelid by a finger for three minutes and subsequent analyses of the intra‐ocular or volume changes. The test proved to be useful for the early detection of chronic glaucoma.The biomicroscopic compression tast is based on the difference in the reaction of the aqueous veins to the compression of the globe with the force of 30 to 50 g for three minutes. During this period of time the aqueous veins are dilated in normal eyes and tend to be filled with blood in eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma.