bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible solutions for barriers in incident reporting by residents
Authors: Martowirono Kartinie , Jansma José D. , van Luijk Scheltus J. , Wagner Cordula , Bijnen A. Bart 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Incident reporting can contribute to safer health care. Since the rate of reporting by residents is low, it is useful to investigate which barriers exist and how these can be solved.Methods  Data were collected in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands. The hospital uses a confidential, voluntary and web‐based incident reporting system. Residents working in the hospital participated in focus group discussions to explore barriers and possible solutions. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the transcribed discussions.Results  In each focus group six to eight residents participated, resulting in a total number of 22 participants. After three focus group discussions, information saturation had been reached. Residents do not report all incidents because of a negative attitude towards incident reporting, because they experience a non‐stimulating culture and because of a lack of perceived ability to report. Residents suggest several solutions to solve the barriers: providing the possibility to report anonymously, providing feedback, creating an incident reporting culture, simplifying the procedure, clarifying what and how to report, and exciting residents to report.Conclusions  Residents have useful suggestions to resolve the barriers that prevent them from reporting incidents. They include solutions that influence attitude, culture and perceived ability. These suggestions should be considered when making an effort to improve incident reporting by residents.
Habitat distribution influences dispersal and fine‐scale genetic population structure of eastern foxsnakes (Mintonius gloydi) across a fragmented landscape
Authors: ROW JEFFREY R. , BLOUIN‐DEMERS GABRIEL , LOUGHEED STEPHEN C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDispersal is a fundamental attribute of species in nature and shapes population dynamics, evolutionary trajectories and genetic variation across spatial and temporal scales. It is increasingly clear that landscape features have large impacts on dispersal patterns. Thus, understanding how individuals and species move through landscapes is essential for predicting impacts of landscape alterations. Information on dispersal patterns, however, is lacking for many taxa, particularly reptiles. Eastern foxsnakes (Mintoinus gloydi) are marsh and prairie specialists that avoid agricultural fields, but they have persisted across a fragmented region in southwestern Ontario and northern Ohio. Here, we combined habitat suitability modelling with population genetic analyses to infer how foxsnakes disperse through a habitat mosaic of natural and altered landscape features. Boundary regions between the eight genetic clusters, identified through assignment tests, were comprised of low suitability habitat (e.g. agricultural fields). Island populations were grouped into a single genetic cluster, and comparatively low FST values between island and mainland populations suggest open water presents less of a barrier than nonsuitable terrestrial habitat. Isolation by resistance and least‐cost path analysis produced similar results with matrices of pairwise individual genetic distance significantly more correlated to matrices of resistance values derived from habitat suitability than models with an undifferentiated landscape. Spatial autocorrelation results matched better with assignment results when incorporating resistance values rather than straight‐line distances. All analyses used in our study produced similar results suggesting that habitat degradation limits dispersal for foxsnakes, which has had a strong effect on the genetic population structure across this region.
Patterns of introduction and adaptation during the invasion of Aegilops triuncialis (Poaceae) into Californian serpentine soils
Authors: MEIMBERG HARALD , MILAN NEIL F. , KARATASSIOU MARIA , ESPELAND ERIN K. , McKAY JOHN K. , RICE KEVIN J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMultiple introductions can play a prominent role in explaining the success of biological invasions. One often cited mechanism is that multiple introductions of invasive species prevent genetic bottlenecks by parallel introductions of several distinct genotypes that, in turn, provide heritable variation necessary for local adaptation. Here, we show that the invasion of Aegilops triuncialis into California, USA, involved multiple introductions that may have facilitated invasion into serpentine habitats. Using microsatellite markers, we compared the polymorphism and genetic structure of populations of Ae. triuncialis invading serpentine soils in California to that of accessions from its native range. In a glasshouse study, we also compared phenotypic variation in phenological and fitness traits between invasive and native populations grown on loam soil and under serpentine edaphic conditions. Molecular analysis of invasive populations revealed that Californian populations cluster into three independent introductions (i.e. invasive lineages). Our glasshouse common garden experiment found that all Californian populations exhibited higher fitness under serpentine conditions. However, the three invasive lineages appear to represent independent pathways of adaptation to serpentine soil. Our results suggest that the rapid invasion of serpentine habitats in California may have been facilitated by the existence of colonizing Eurasian genotypes pre‐adapted to serpentine soils.
Bacterial inflorescence rot of grapevine caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Authors: Whitelaw‐Weckert M. A. , Whitelaw E. S. , Rogiers S. Y. , Quirk L. , Clark A. C. , Huang C. X. 
Published: October 2010

Molecular sequencing (rpoB) and standard pathological and microbiological methods identified Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) as the causal agent of bacterial inflorescence rot of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in three vineyards in Tumbarumba, NSW, Australia in 2006 and 2007. Pss strains from shrivelled berries and necrotic inflorescences of diseased grapevines were used to inoculate leaves and inflorescences of potted cv. Semillon grapevines. Pss caused disease symptoms similar to those experienced in the field, including angular leaf lesions, longitudinal lesions in shoot tissues and rotting of inflorescences from before flowering until shortly after fruit set. High humidity promoted symptom severity. The necrotic bunch stem and leaf lesions were susceptible to the development of Botrytis cinerea infections. Cryo‐scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) indicated that Pss entered leaves and inflorescence tissues via distorted, open, raised stomata surrounded by folds of tissue that appeared as ‘star‐shaped’ callose‐rich complexes when viewed by UV light microscopy. In necrotic tissues, cryoSEM revealed Pss within petiole parenchyma cells and air‐filled rachis xylem vessels. This is the first report of inflorescence and hence fruit loss caused by Pss in grapevines. The disease is described as ‘bacterial inflorescence rot’ and regarded as one that expands the previously reported pathology of grapevines caused by P. syringae. This study also indicated that infection by Pss might promote destructive B. cinerea infections when the fungus is already present but latent, although further experimentation is needed to prove such an interaction.
Kidney from uncontrolled donors after cardiac death with one hour warm ischemic time: resuscitation by extracorporal normothermic abdominal perfusion “in situ” by leukocytes‐free oxygenated blood
Authors: Reznik Oleg , Skvortsov Andrej , Loginov Igor , Ananyev Alexey , Bagnenko Sergey , Moysyuk Yan 
Published: October 2010

Reznik O, Skvortsov A, Loginov I, Ananyev A, Bagnenko S, Moysyuk Y. Kidney from uncontrolled donors after cardiac death with one hour warm ischemic time: resuscitation by extracorporal normothermic abdominal perfusion “in situ” by leukocytes‐free oxygenated blood. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 511–516. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The availability of brain death donors is restricted by many factors. Use of uncontrolled donors after cardiac death could be a promising perspective, but the limiting factor in uncontrolled donation after cardiac death is the warm ischemic time. The purpose of our work was to develop an in situ kidney preservation protocol with application of the extracorporal normothermic abdominal perfusion for organ resuscitation in uncontrolled donors after cardiac death. The main attention was paid to the elimination of leukocytes as the key damaging factor from modified donor oxygenated blood circulating in the device. In 2009, we had 10 uncontrolled donors with warm ischemic time from 45 to 92 min; a normothermic extracorporal perfusion device was applied, providing preservation and restoration of kidney after ischemic damage. In 6 out of 20 kidney recipients, graft function was recovered immediately. All kidney grafts are functioning, and to the end of the third month, the average creatinine was 118.5 ± 19.9 mM. Treatment of ischemically damaged kidney by normothermic extracorporal perfusion with leukocyte depletion before procurement seems to be a challenging protocol for expanding donors’ pool and demands further study.
Inhibition of the renal renin‐angiotensin system and renoprotection by pitavastatin in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Toba Hiroe , Mitani Takuya , Takahashi Tamotsu , Imai Nobuyoshi , Serizawa Ryoko , Wang Jiahong , Kobara Miyuki , Nakata Tetsuo 
Published: October 2010

Summary1. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not pitavastatin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy and if inhibition of the rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is associated with any renoprotective effects. Pitavastatin (10 mg/ kg/day) and/or spironolactone (100 mg/kg/day) were given by gavage for 3 weeks to uninephrectomized rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes.2. Pitavastatin or spironolactone significantly reduced proteinuria and collagen deposition, and normalized creatinine clearance, serum creatinine levels and blood urea nitrogen concentrations.3. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the renal expression of collagen I, transforming growth factor‐β and monocyte chemoattractant‐1 were increased in diabetic rats and reduced by the pitavastatin and/or spironolactone treatment.4. These agents also decreased angiotensin converting enzyme expression and aldosterone concentrations in the renal homogenate, but had no effect on blood glucose, haemoglobinA1c, and plasma total cholesterol, Na+, K+, aldosterone and NOx levels, or on systolic blood pressure measured by the tail‐cuff method. Interestingly, cotreatment with pitavastatin and spironolactone did not result in additional normalization.5. These results suggest that pitavastatin shows renoprotective effects against diabetic nephropathy mediated in part by inhibition of the renal RAAS, including the suppression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme expression and aldosterone production.
Recommendations for bariatric surgery in adolescents in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Baur Louise A , Fitzgerald Dominic A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of severe obesity and associated co‐morbidities is increasing in adolescence. Although support for long‐term whole‐of‐family lifestyle change is the mainstay of paediatric obesity treatment, there is increasing recognition of the place of other therapies, including bariatric surgery, in the management of severely obese adolescents. While there are rising numbers of reports of bariatric surgery in adolescents, there are as yet no Australian or New Zealand recommendations available to guide decisions as to which adolescents should receive such surgery and how they should best be managed. This paper presents a summary of the recommendations that are contained within the full position paper developed on behalf of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians Paediatric Policy and Advocacy Committee Working Party on Bariatric Surgery for Adolescents, working in conjunction with the Australia and New Zealand Association of Paediatric Surgeons and the Obesity Surgery Society of Australia and New Zealand.
Changing trends in newborn sepsis in Sagamu, Nigeria: Bacterial aetiology, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Ogunlesi Tinuade A , Ogunfowora Olusoga B , Osinupebi Olubunmi , Olanrewaju Durotoye M 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  Sepsis is a major contributor to newborn deaths in the developing world. The objective is to determine the prevalence of newborn sepsis, the bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates.Method:  A study of consecutive babies hospitalised in Sagamu, Nigeria, with risk factors for or clinical features of sepsis was retrospectively done between January 2006 and December 2007, and prospectively between January and December 2008. Positive blood culture defined neonatal sepsis, and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms was also determined.Results:  There were 1050 admissions, and 174 (16.5%) babies had positive blood culture. Of the 527 babies with risk factors and clinical features of sepsis, 174 (33.3%) had confirmed sepsis: 119 (22.5%) had early‐onset sepsis, while 55 (10.4%) had late‐onset sepsis. The incidence of neonatal sepsis in the hospital was 51.3/1000 live births. Weight less than 1.5 kg, prolonged labour, prolonged rupture of membranes and lower socio‐economic status were risk factors for sepsis. Staphylococcus aureus (31.0%), Klebsiella (23.0%), and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (12.6%) and Escherichia coli (11.0%) were the leading aetiologies. The isolates were most sensitive to levofloxacin (95.7%), ofloxacin (95.1%), cefotaxime (86.7%) and ceftazidime (81.3%). Their sensitivity was 56.4% to cefuroxime and gentamicin, which are commonly used.Conclusion:  The prevalence of sepsis was high in this cohort of high‐risk infants. The low in vitro sensitivity of the leading microbes to commonly used drugs is challenging. Guidelines on the reduction of emergence of drug resistance must be provided and instituted in newborn units.
Development of a culturally appropriate health‐related quality of life measure for human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children in Thailand
Authors: Punpanich Warunee , Hays Ron D , Detels Roger , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Chantbuddhiwet Umaporn , Leowsrisook Pimsiri , Prasitsuebsai Wasana 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  Develop a reliable and valid self‐report health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children in Thailand.Methods:  The Thai Quality of Life for HIV‐infected Children instrument, the ThQLHC (an HRQOL measure that uses the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory as a generic core and a 17‐item HIV‐targeted scale), was developed and administered cross‐sectionally to 292 HIV‐infected children in Thailand. The disease‐targeted scale included HIV‐related symptoms, ability to adhere with their treatment regimens and self‐image. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) and construct validity of the ThQLHC scales were then evaluated.Results:  Internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from 0.57 to 0.82, with four of five scales reaching the minimal acceptable level (>0.70). Significant associations were found between poor HRQOL and poor self‐rated disease severity, care giver's rated overall quality of life, cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 percent and plasma HIV ribonucleic acid level.Conclusion:  Reliable and valid disease‐targeted HRQOL measures for HIV‐infected children are essential in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. The findings of this cross‐sectional survey provide support for the reliability and validity of the ThQLHC as an HRQOL outcome measure for HIV‐infected Thai children.
Has anti‐D prophylaxis increased the rate of positive direct antiglobulin test results and can the direct antiglobulin test predict need for phototherapy in Rh/ABO incompatibility?
Authors: Dillon Alexander , Chaudhari Tejasvi , Crispin Phillip , Shadbolt Bruce , Kent Alison 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  To determine the impact of Rhesus (Rh) D prophylaxis on positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) results and ability of a DAT grade to predict an infant's need for phototherapy.Methods:  Laboratory and infant medical records were reviewed for DAT status, DAT grade, interventions for hyperbilirubinemia including phototherapy, blood transfusion, exchange transfusion and intravenous immunoglobulin. Two epochs of DAT results were reviewed, the first in the era prior to Rh D prophylaxis, the second after introduction of standardised Rh D prophylaxis for Rh negative women.Results:  A total of 165 DAT‐positive infants' medical records were reviewed. The number of positive DAT results increased from 1.5% to 2.3% (P < 0.0001) following introduction of anti‐Rh D prophylaxis, the increase related to an increase in anti‐D DATs (7.4% to 32% –P < 0.0001). An infant with a DAT grade of 5–8 was 2.6 times more likely to need phototherapy than an infant with a DAT grade of 2–4 (odds ratio (OR), 2.571; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.225–5.393; P = 0.08) and an infant with a DAT grade of 10–12 was 4.7 times more likely to need phototherapy than an infant with a DAT grade of 2–4 (OR, 4.724; 95% CI, 1.602–13.926, P = 0.013).Conclusions:  Rh D prophylaxis has increased positive DAT results, which may increase the number of unnecessary bilirubin measurements. A low or high DAT grade is strongly predictive of whether an infant does or does not require phototherapy. However, an intermediate DAT requires concomitant bilirubin measurements to determine phototherapy requirements.
Culturable Rhodobacter and Shewanella species are abundant in estuarine turbidity maxima of the Columbia River
Authors: Bräuer S. L. , Adams C. , Kranzler K. , Murphy D. , Xu M. , Zuber P. , Simon H. M. , Baptista A. M. , Tebo B. M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMeasurements of dissolved, ascorbate‐reducible and total Mn by ICP‐OES revealed significantly higher concentrations during estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) events, compared with non‐events in the Columbia River. Most probable number (MPN) counts of Mn‐oxidizing or Mn‐reducing heterotrophs were not statistically different from that of other heterotrophs (103–104 cells ml−1) when grown in defined media, but counts of Mn oxidizers were significantly lower in nutrient‐rich medium (13 cells ml−1). MPN counts of Mn oxidizers were also significantly lower on Mn(III)‐pyrophosphate and glycerol (21 cells ml−1). Large numbers of Rhodobacter spp. were cultured from dilutions of 10−2 to 10−5, and many of these were capable of Mn(III) oxidation. Up to c. 30% of the colonies tested LBB positive, and all 77 of the successfully sequenced LBB positive colonies (of varying morphology) yielded sequences related to Rhodobacter spp. qPCR indicated that a cluster of Rhodobacter isolates and closely related strains (95–99% identity) represented approximately 1–3% of the total Bacteria, consistent with clone library results. Copy numbers of SSU rRNA genes for either Rhodobacter spp. or Bacteria were four to eightfold greater during ETM events compared with non‐events. Strains of a Shewanella sp. were retrieved from the highest dilutions (10−5) of Mn reducers, and were also capable of Mn oxidation. The SSU rRNA gene sequences from these strains shared a high identity score (98%) with sequences obtained in clone libraries. Our results support previous findings that ETMs are zones with high microbial activity. Results indicated that Shewanella and Rhodobacter species were present in environmentally relevant concentrations, and further demonstrated that a large proportion of culturable bacteria, including Shewanella and Rhodobacter spp., were capable of Mn cycling in vitro.
Novel use of an air‐filled breast prosthesis to allow radiotherapy to recurrent colonic cancer
Authors: O’Duffy F. , Toomey D. P. , Fleming F. , McNamara D. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim  The authors present the novel and successful use of an air‐filled breast prosthesis for extra pelvic exclusion of small bowel to facilitate adjuvant radiotherapy following resection of recurrent adenocarcinoma of the ascending bowel. The therapeutic use of radiotherapy in colon cancer can cause acute or chronic radiation enteropathy. Mobile small bowel can be sequestered in ‘dead space’ or by adhesions exposing it to adjuvant radiotherapy. A variety of pelvic partitioning methods have been described to exclude bowel from radiation fields using both native and prosthetic materials.Method  In this case a 68 year old presented with ascending colon adenocarcinoma invading the peritoneum and underwent en bloc peritoneal resection. Thirty‐seven months later surveillance CT identified a local recurrence. Subsequent resection resulted in a large iliacus muscle defect which would sequester small bowel loops thus exposing the patient to radiation enteropathy. The lateral position of the defect precluded the use of traditional pelvic partitioning methods which would be unlikely to remain in place long enough to allow radiotherapy. A lightweight air‐filled breast prosthesis (Allergan 133 FV 750 cms) secured in place with an omentoplasty was used to fill the defect.Results  Following well tolerated radiotherapy the prosthesis was deflated under ultrasound guidance and removed via a 7‐cm transverse incision above the right iliac crest. The patient is disease free 18 months later with no evidence of treatment related morbidity.Conclusion  The use of a malleable air‐filled prosthesis for pelvic partitioning allows specific tailoring of the prosthesis size and shape for individual patient defects. It is also lightweight enough to be secured in place using an omentoplasty to prevent movement related prosthesis migration. In the absence of adequate omentum a mesh sling may be considered to allow fixation. In this case the anatomy of the prosthesis position allowed for its removal without the need for repeat laparotomy. Pre‐operative deflation of the air‐filled prosthesis under ultrasound guidance also reduces the size of the incision required for removal. This technique may be valuable to prevent collateral small bowel irradiation following resection of renal or retroperitoneal malignancy.
Hospital discharge criteria following colorectal surgery:a systematic review
Authors: Fiore J. F. , Browning L. , Bialocerkowski A. , Gruen R. L. , Faragher I. G. , Denehy L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim  The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize the hospital discharge criteria that have been used in the colorectal surgery literature.Methods  A systematic literature search was conducted using eight bibliographic databases. Searches were limited to English language journal articles published between January 1996 and October 2009. Primary research applying hospital discharge criteria following colorectal surgery was included. Study selection was made independently by two reviewers. Discharge criteria were extracted from each included study.Results  The 156 studies identified by the search strategy described 70 different sets of criteria to indicate readiness for discharge. The majority of studies applied a combination of three or four criteria; those most frequently cited were tolerance of oral intake (80%), return of bowel function (70%), adequate pain control (44%) and adequate mobility (35%). End‐points employed to determine the achievement of criteria were generally poorly defined.Conclusion  A variety of hospital discharge criteria were applied in the colorectal surgery literature. Development of standardized criteria will allow more accurate comparison of results between studies assessing hospital length of stay or other discharge‐related outcome measures.