bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of chelating fabrics by radiation‐induced grafting of itaconic acid and acrylonitrile onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics and subsequent amination of graft copolymer
Authors: Zu Jianhua , Nho Young Chang , Jeun Joon Pyo , Liu Ruiqin , Liu Li , Yan Feng , Xia Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA mixture of acrylonitrile (AN) and itaconic acid (IA) was cografted onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics by preirradiation method. The effects of graft polymerization conditions such as temperature, reaction time, Mohr's salt concentration, solvent mixture ratio, and comonomer composition on the total grafting yield were investigated. The addition of AN as a comonomer increased the amount of IA that reacted with PP fabrics. An increase in the temperature from 40 to 60°C increased the grafting rate, but the final grafting yield decreased at high temperature. The addition of 0.01 wt % Mohr's salt to the reaction medium leaded to a sharp increase of grafting yield. The accelerative effect of solvent medium on the grating yield was higher in dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol mixtures, when compared with DMF or methanol. Chelating fabrics was synthesized by subsequent amination of grafted fabric with ethylene diamine (EDA) and phenylhydrazine (PH). The conversion yield reached maximum value at about 90% for 80% PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics at 90°C. At same amination conditions, the conversion yield is higher when PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabrics react with EDA compared with PH. FT‐IR data indicate that amine groups were introduced onto PP‐g‐AN‐IA fabric through amide linkage between grafted AN or IA and EDA or PH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dispersion of SiC coated MWCNTs in PEI/silicone rubber blend and its effect on the thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Nayak Ganesh Chandra , Rajasekar R. , Das Chapal Kumar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are modified by polycarbosilane derived SiC to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. Unmodified and modified MWCNTs are dispersed in PEI/hydroxyl terminated PDMS(HTSR) blend by melt mixing. TEM and FESEM images shows better dispersion of SiC coated MWCNTs in the blend matrix when compared with pure MWCNTs. Thermal stability of the SiC coated MWCNTs added nanocomposite improved drastically than that of the pure MWCNTs. Compared with pure PEI/HTSR binary blend and unmodified MWCNTs/PEI/HTSR ternary blend, the storage modulus, tensile modulus, and tensile strength of SiC coated MWCNTs/PEI/HTSR blend increased, due to the better dispersion of the modified MWCNTs in polymer matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Natural extracts as potential source of antioxidants to stabilize polyolefins
Authors: Dopico‐García M. S. , Castro‐López M. M. , López‐Vilariño J. M. , González‐Rodríguez M. V. , Valentão P. , Andrade P. B. , García‐Garabal S. , Abad M. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral natural matrices were investigated as potential sources of antioxidants to be used as plastic additives. Extracts of four matrices obtained under the same experimental conditions were initially considered: green tea, black tea, Lippia citriodora and Hypericum androsaemum. Both, the antioxidant activity of the extracts and their content in flavanols and quercetin, were compared. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH analysis and the phenolic composition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet (UV) diode array and fluorescence (FL) detectors. Concentration of the flavanols reduced in the same way as their antioxidant activity starting with green tea, through black tea, Hypericum androsaemum, and Lippia citriodora. The performance of polypropylene samples stabilized with green tea extract, or its individual components catechin and epicatechin, was compared with samples stabilized with a mixture of the synthetic antioxidants Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168. Each sample was extruded and consecutively reextruded up to four times. The melt flow index (MFI) and the oxidation induction time (OIT) of the samples were measured after each step. The obtained results showed the interest of this natural matrix as a potential source of antioxidants for plastics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization and performance of melamine enhanced urea formaldehyde resin for bonding southern pine particleboard
Authors: Sun Qi‐Ning , Hse Chung‐Yun , Shupe Todd F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUrea‐formaldehyde resins modified by melamine were synthesized by four catalysts (H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and NaOH/NH4OH) with a F/U/M molar ratio of 1.38/1/0.074. Resin structure and thermal behavior were studied by 13C‐NMR and DSC techniques. For H2SO4, HCl, and H3PO4 catalysts, resins were prepared by two stage pH adjustment: the first pH stage was set at 1.25 (H3PO4 pH 1.60) and second pH stage was set at 5.0. For the NaOH/NH4OH catalyst, the resin was set at pH 5.0 from the start. Of the four catalysts, HCl catalyzed resins, with the highest free urea and lowest free formaldehyde, consistently yielded the lowest formaldehyde emission; NaOH/NH4OH catalyst resulted in the best IB strength tested at dry conditions and also after 24 h cold water soak and the lowest water absorption and thickness swell. The resins catalyzed with H3PO4 had the highest free formaldehyde and no free urea yielding the highest formaldehyde emission. Each DSC thermogram was proceeded by a weak exothermic peak and followed by an obvious endothermic peak. The exothermic peak temperatures were 125.0, 131.1, 111.4, and 125.2°C, and endothermic peak temperatures were 135.8, 147.6, 118.9, and 138.4°C, respectively, for H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and NaOH/NH4OH catalysts. The close proximity of the peak temperatures of the exothermic and endothermic reactions strongly suggests that there is potential interference of heat flow between the exothermic and endothermic reactions which may impact resin curing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Viscosity and retention of sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers at high temperature
Authors: Rashidi Masoud , Blokhus Anne Marit , Skauge Arne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe viscosity and retention of several copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with sodium salt of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMS), and also hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) have been studied under aerobic condition with and without the sacrificial agent, isobutyl alcohol (IBA) added at a temperature of 80°C. Parallel experiments have been performed in synthetic seawater (SSW) and 5 wt % NaCl. The viscosity at high temperature has been studied as a function of aging time, shear rate, sulfonation degree, molecular weight, and concentration of IBA. The retention in porous medium for sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers was measured in core floods using outcrop Berea sandstone. For the studied polymer sacrificial agent may protect polymer structure at high temperature. Higher sacrificial agent concentration gives better thermal stability in both 5 wt % NaCl and SSW solvents. Sulfonation degree also has a direct effect on thermal stability, i.e., higher sulfonation degree lead to better thermal stability in terms of viscosity. By increasing temperature, less relative reduction in polymer solution viscosity was observed for the polymer with lower molecular weight. The presence of divalent ions at high temperature leads to strong reduction of HPAM polymer solution viscosity, but the viscosity is better maintained for PAMS copolymer solution at high temperature. The precipitation of HPAM first occurred after 3 months at 80°C and for PAMS copolymer with lowest sulfonation degree precipitation started after 7 months. For the studied polymers the retention was found to be relatively independent of temperature and compared to HPAM a much lower retention is observed for the sulfonated copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Berechnungsmethode auf die Größe von Zwangschnittgrößen in Stahlbeton‐Tragwerken
Authors: Strauß Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs wird anhand eines Rechenbeispieles gezeigt, dass die Größe von Zwangbeanspruchungen in Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken wesentlich von der zur Schnittkraftermittlung gewählten Berechnungsmethode abhängig ist und dass in Sonderfällen – z. B. zur Tragfähigkeitsbeurteilung älterer Bauwerke – eine nichtlineare Berechnung zur realistischen Erfassung von Zwangbeanspruchungen sinnvoll sein kann.Investigations on the Influence of Calculation Methods on the Dimension of Constraint Stresses in Reinforced Concrete StructuresA calculation example shows, that the dimension of constraint stresses in reinforced concrete structures depends siginificantly on the calculation method used for the evaluation of stress‐resultants. In particular cases – e.g. assessment of the load‐bearingcapacity of older buildings – a nonlinear calculation is reasonable to have a realistic assessment of the contraint stresses.
EC2 Pilotprojekte – Erfahrungen eines Ingenieurbüros bei der Normenarbeit
Authors: Mechsner Sandra , Leichter Hilmar , Jahnke Hartwig 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUnser Ingenieurbüro beteiligte sich als eines von zwölf deutschen Ingenieurbüros an dem DIBt‐Forschungsvorhaben “Eurocode 2 – Pilotprojekte”. Aus der Sicht eines relativ kleinen Ingenieurbüros (acht Ingenieure, davon ein Prüfingenieur für Standsicherheit) wird diese umfangreiche und zeitaufwändige Normenarbeit beschrieben. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse aus den Vergleichsrechnungen zwischen DIN 1045‐1 (07/01) und DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 werden kurz erläutert. Der Einfluss der zum Teil ehrenamtlichen Arbeit auf die eigentlich notwendige Bürotätigkeit (Erstellen von statischen Berechnungen, Prüfen von statischen Berechnungen) wird ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich an diesem Pilotprojekt, dass sich die Normenarbeit in Deutschland ändern muss. Die Ingenieurbüros müssen sich endlich mehr an der Normenerstellung beteiligen, damit nutzungsfreundliche Vorschriften entstehen.
Das EC2‐Pilotprojekt – Praxistest für die neue Stahlbetonnorm
Authors: Steffens Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAus den zum Teil leidvollen Erfahrungen der Einführung einer im ersten Anlauf sehr fehlerhaften DIN 1045‐1 (07/2001) heraus wurde insbesondere auf Initiative praktisch tätiger Ingenieure das von den Verbänden DBV, BVPI und VBI getragene “Pilotprojekt EC2” ins Leben gerufen. Im Rahmen dieses Gemeinschaftsprojektes erprobten zwölf Ingenieurbüros unterschiedlichster Größe unter Einbeziehung von zehn Softwareherstellern von ca. Mai 2007, direkt nach Fertigstellung des Entwurfes des Nationalen Anhanges (NA) zum EC2, bis Ende 2009 an von ihnen selbst nach DIN 1045‐1 geplanten typischen Bauvorhaben des Hochbaus den EC2+NA. Dabei konnte nicht nur der aus dem Englischen übersetzte Text korrigiert und deutlich verbessert sondern auch das Sicherheitsniveau des EC2 mit dem der DIN 1045‐1 verglichen werden. Die in einem umfangreichen Abschlussbericht dokumentierten Ergebnisse des Projektes werden zurzeit in einer Fachartikelserie von Herrn Dr. Fingerloos in Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau veröffentlicht. An dieser Stelle sollen einige bürospezifische Erfahrungen aus dem Pilotprojekt ergänzt werden.
Lehre im Bauingenieurwesen – Ganzheitliches, werkstoffübergreifendes Entwerfen und Konstruieren
Authors: Bögle Annette , Schlaich Mike 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEine neue Ausrichtung der akademischen Curricula ist angesichts der heutigen technologischen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen an das Bauingenieurwesen unerlässlich. Der hier beschriebene Ansatz der werkstoffübergreifenden Lehre des Entwerfens und Konstruierens, wie er an der TU Berlin umgesetzt wird, bietet eine Möglichkeit Bauingenieurnachwuchs auszubilden, der sich im konstruktiven Bereich den Herausforderungen der Zeit stellen kann.Teaching Conceptual and Structural Design in a holistic and materialcomprehensive wayDue to todays technological, ecological and social challenges a new approach of the academic curricula essential is concerning structural and civil engineering. This paper describes the concept of materialcomprehensive conceptual and structural design as it is taught at the TU Berlin. This is one possibility to educate the next generation of structural engineers, to make them ready for facing the challenges to come.
Bounds on controlled direct effects under monotonic assumptions about mediators and confounders
Authors: Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdjusting for intermediate variables is a common analytic strategy for estimating a direct effect. Even if the total effect is unconfounded, the direct effect is not identified when unmeasured variables affect the intermediate and outcome variables. Therefore, some researchers presented bounds on the controlled direct effectsvialinear programming. They applied a monotonic assumption about treatment and intermediate variables and a no‐interaction assumption to derive narrower bounds. Here, we improve their bounds without using linear programming and hence derive a bound under the monotonic assumption about an intermediate variable only. To improve the bounds, we further introduce the monotonic assumption about confounders. While previous studies assumed that an outcome is a binary variable, we do not make that assumption. The proposed bounds are illustrated using two examples from randomized trials.
Bead size effects on protein‐mediated DNA looping in tethered‐particle motion experiments
Authors: Milstein J. N. , Chen Y. F. , Meiners J.‐C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTethered particle motion (TPM) has become an important tool for single‐molecule studies of biomolecules; however, concerns remain that the method may alter the dynamics of the biophysical process under study. We investigate the effect of the attached microsphere on an illustrative biological example: the formation and breakdown of protein‐mediated DNA loops in the lac repressor system. By comparing data from a conventional TPM experiment with 800 nm polystyrene beads and dark‐field TPM using 50 nm Au nanoparticles, we found that the lifetimes of the looped and unlooped states are only weakly modified, less than two‐fold, by the presence of the large bead. This is consistent with our expectation of weak excluded‐volume effects and hydrodynamic surface interactions from the cover glass and microsphere. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 144–150, 2011.
Rho kinase signalling mediates radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction
Authors: Mihaescu A , Santén S , Jeppsson B , Thorlacius H 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy is important in the management of pelvic malignancies, but radiation-induced intestinal damage is a dose-limiting factor. Microvascular injury and epithelial barrier dysfunction are considered to be rate-limiting aspects in radiation-induced enteropathy. This study investigated the role of Rho kinase signalling in radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.

Methods
The specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (1 and 10 mg/kg) was given to C57BL/6J mice before challenge with 20 Gy radiation. Leucocyte– and platelet–endothelium interactions in the colonic microcirculation were assessed by intravital microscopy. Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CXC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant), and intestinal leakage were quantified after 16 h.

Results
Radiation increased leucocyte and platelet recruitment, MPO activity, CXC chemokine production and intestinal leakage. Y-27632 significantly reduced radiation-induced leucocyte rolling and abolished adhesion; it also decreased platelet rolling and adhesion by 55 and 74 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0·050). Inhibition of Rho kinase signalling significantly decreased radiation-provoked formation of CXC chemokines, MPO activity by 52 per cent, and intestinal leakage by 67 per cent (P &lt; 0·050).

Conclusion
Rho kinase activity constitutes an important signalling mechanism in radiation-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
An empirical study on factors influencing the effectiveness of algorithm visualization
Authors: Lazaridis Vassilios , Samaras Nikolaos , Sifaleras Angelo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe determination of the factors influencing the effectiveness of algorithm visualization poses an interesting research question. In this paper, we present the results of a longitude empirical study regarding this question. The study was based on an evaluation of the Visual LinProg educational tool inside classrooms. Visual LinProg is a web‐based educational tool, which solves linear programming problems using animation and visualization techniques. Visual LinProg was developed to be used in linear programming courses to supplement the teaching. Our empirical study is based on questionnaires that include quantitative and qualitative topics. This evaluation first indicates that Visual LinProg facilitates the learning of the revised simplex algorithm and second presents more results on factors influencing the understanding of this algorithm by the students/users of the Visual LinProg. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 410–420, 2013
HgII Ion Specifically Binds with T:T Mismatched Base Pair in Duplex DNA
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Ono Akira , Kozasa Tetsuo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMetal‐mediated base pair formation, resulting from the interaction between metal ions and artificial bases in oligonucleotides, has been developed for its potential application in nanotechnology. We have recently found that the T:T mismatched base pair binds with HgII ions to generate a novel metal‐mediated base pair in duplex DNA. The thermal stability of the duplex with the T‐Hg‐T base pair was comparable to that of the corresponding T:A or A:T. The novel T‐Hg‐T base pair involving the natural base thymine is more convenient than the metal‐mediated base pairs involving artificial bases due to the lack of time‐consuming synthesis. Here, we examine the specificity and thermodynamic properties of the binding between HgII ions and the T:T mismatched base pair. Only the melting temperature of the duplex with T:T and not of the perfectly matched or other mismatched base pairs was found to specifically increase in the presence of HgII ions. HgII specifically bound with the T:T mismatched base pair at a molar ratio of 1:1 with a binding constant of 106 M−1, which is significantly higher than that for nonspecific metal ion–DNA interactions. Furthermore, the higher‐order structure of the duplex was not significantly distorted by the HgII ion binding. Our results support the idea that the T‐Hg‐T base pair could eventually lead to progress in potential applications of metal‐mediated base pairs in nanotechnology.
Synthesis and Molecular Modelling of Double‐Functionalised Nucleosides with Aromatic Moieties in the 5′‐(S)‐Position and Minor Groove Interactions in DNA Zipper Structures
Authors: Shaikh Khalil Isak , Madsen Charlotte Stahl , Nielsen Lise Junker , Jørgensen Anna Søndergaard , Nielsen Henrik , Petersen Michael , Nielsen Poul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of six double‐functionalised nucleosides, in which aromatic moieties were inserted into the 5′‐(S)‐C‐position, were synthesised and incorporated into DNA duplexes. The aromatic moieties were thymine‐1‐yl, phenyl, 1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl, 1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl, 4‐(uracil‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl and 4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl. The DNA duplexes were studied with UV melting curves, CD spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The results showed that the aromatic moieties in some cases interact in the minor groove forming DNA zipper structures. The strongest specific interaction was found between two thymines or between a thymine and a phenyl group in a crossed (−3)‐zipper motif (i.e., with two base pairs interspacing the modifications). Modelling revealed that the interaction is aromatic stacking across the minor groove. Also, the extended uracil‐triazole moiety demonstrated zipper contacts in the minor groove as well as binding to the floor of the groove.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structures of δ‐PdCl2 and γ‐PdCl2: Phases with Negative Thermal Expansion in One Direction.
Authors: Evers Juergen , Beck Wolfgang , Goebel Michael , Jakob Stefanie , Mayer Peter , Oehlinger Gilbert , Rotter Marianne , Klapoetke Thomas M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structure of α‐PdCl2 (orthorhombic space group Pnnm, Z = 2) is refined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Bathochromic Shift of Charge‐Transfer Bands of Mixed‐Metal Prussian‐Blue Nanoparticles Depending on Their Composition Ratios of Fe and Ni.
Authors: Ishizaki Manabu , Gotoh Akihito , Abe Makiko , Sakamoto Masatomi , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawamoto Tohru , Kurihara Masato 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFexNiy [Fe(CN)6]2·zH2O (x + y = 3, z = 8—12) nanoparticles are prepared from aqueous solutions of FeSO4, Ni(NO3)2, and K3[Fe(CN)6] and surface modified with an aqueous solution of Na4[Fe(CN)6] and an excess of n‐hexylamine in n‐butanol for three days.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine as an Oxidant in the Topotactic Deintercalation of Interstitial Iron in Fe1+xTe.
Authors: Rodriguez Efrain E. , Zavalij Peter , Hsieh Ping‐Yen , Green Mark A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe interstitial iron of Fe1+xTe is deintercalated from both single crystal and powder samples by a low temperature reaction with iodine (sealed quartz ampule, 300 °C, 18 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Gallosilicate Halide Sodalites Using Organic Solvent.
Authors: Borhade A. V. , Wakchaure S. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe sodalites Na8[GaSiO4]6(X)2 (X: Cl, Br, I) are synthesized by a new single step hydrothermal method from Ga2O3, SiO2, NaOH, and NaX in 30% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: [Pb2I3(18‐Crown‐6)2][SnI5] and CdI2(18‐Crown‐6)·2I2: Two Layered Iodine Networks with Crown‐Ether Coordinated Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Authors: Wolff Michael , Feldmann Claus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structures of the new title compounds (III) (monoclinic, space group P2/n, Z = 2) and (V) (monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydroindoles and Tetrahydroquinolines by the Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of N‐Alkenylated 2‐Acylamino‐3‐furancarbonitriles.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Okabe Fumi , Koutake Yoshimichi , Masumoto Eiichi , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe procedure for the preparation of the title compounds, e.g. (IV), has the advantage of an easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Functionalized Alkylzinc Halides from Alkyl Bromides Using Mg, ZnCl2 and LiCl.
Authors: Bluemke Tobias D. , Piller Fabian M. , Knochel Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFunctionalized alkylzinc reagents are prepared by the reaction of alkyl bromides with Mg turnings in the presence of ZnCl2 and LiCl.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regio‐ and Stereochemical Course of Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes and Vinylsilanes: Synthesis of (Z)‐Dienes.
Authors: Barlan Allan U. , Micalizio Glenn C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTitanium‐mediated reductive cross coupling between substituted allenes and terminal alkenes provides access towards polysubstituted 1,3‐(Z)‐dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Coupling of a Ketone, an Alkyne, and a Primary Amine.
Authors: Pereshivko Olga P. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title reaction (“KA2 coupling”) represents a general approach to various secondary propargylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aryl Aldehydes Catalyzed by 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline β‐Amino Alcohol.
Authors: Xu Geng , Liu Zhan Zhu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith THIQ, secondary alcohols are obtained with moderate yields and generally good enantioselectivities.