bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bodies in and out of place: embodied transnationalism among invisible immigrants – the contemporary Irish in Australia
Authors: O'Connor Patricia M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMigration involves the physical movement of bodies in and out of place. In a world characterised by increased ease of travel and major advances in telecommunications, some have argued that, in the international arena, this movement now occurs in the context of a borderless world. This paper contests this view by emphasising the embodied nature of this movement. The experiences of 203 contemporary Irish immigrants in Australia provide evidence of the embodied underpinnings of transnational practices. Separation from extended family in one place and the anchoring effect of family formation in another place are shown to be key affective drivers for maintaining transnational social spaces. Likewise, other embodied attributes such as ‘whiteness’ and accent play important roles not only in terms of citizenship and belonging, but also in providing further motivation for maintaining transnational social spaces. Findings from this study of an invisible immigrant group highlight gaps in the transnationalism literature with regard to the effects of distance, whiteness, and the embodied nature of citizenship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Becoming a father, missing a wife: Chinese transnational families and the male experience of lone parenting in Canada
Authors: Waters Johanna L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper explores men's embodied experiences of transnational families. Recent research has stressed the gendered nature of transnationalism, exposing the patriarchal structures and unequal power relations that exist within contemporary migrant households. While there is a greater awareness of the female experience of transnational migration (both as the migrant and the person ‘left behind’), we still have little parallel knowledge of men. When the male experience has been studied, it is commonly in the context of their mobility (and in the absence of their wife and children), and ‘disembodied’ images of power dominate these accounts. This paper examines immigrant households from Hong Kong and Taiwan in Canada, where the male has been left behind to take care of the home and children, and his wife has returned to East Asia to pursue her career. In the process, men's lives have been completely transformed – from successful businessman to ‘homemaker’ and from distant father to lone parent, giving moral, emotional, and practical guidance to their children in the absence of the mother and extended family. The paper highlights the diverse nature of gendered experiences of transnational families and the varied forms that these arrangements can take. It also makes an important conceptual point about common understandings of transnationalism as something that ‘privileged’ migrants enact strategically at certain stages in the life course. I argue that the experience of transnationalism can also, in fact, change migrants – their objectives and their sense of self. Transnationalism can be transformative in the lives of ostensibly strategic immigrant families. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexualised politics of proximities among female transnational migrants in Singapore
Authors: Yeoh Brenda S. A. , Huang Shirlena 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn going beyond the general observation in the geographical literature that migrant women are often rendered ‘out of place’ in both globalisation discourses and the material spaces of the global city, we draw on a comparative frame in order to tease out more specific insights. The paper compares the sexualised moral discourses generated by the presence of two different groups of transnational migrant women in the city – foreign domestic workers primarily from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka who provide domestic service in home spaces, and pei du ma ma (‘study mothers’) from China accompanying their young children studying in Singapore schools. While the two groups are very different from each other (in terms of nationality, ethnicity, socio‐economic status, and immigration category), they are both inserted into the globalising city as ‘foreign women’ and independent migrants who are unaccompanied, and therefore ‘unprotected’, by male figures. Both groups inspire within local society certain anxieties of the other, as each in a different but equally uncomfortable way can become potentially proximate to the ‘self’. While fear of the foreign domestic worker's sexualised danger is primarily rooted in her physical proximity in the privatised spaces of the home, suspicions surrounding the study mother tend to stem from her racial proximity. These forms of sexualised politics have a crippling effect on the forging of progressive feminist alliances between local and migrant women. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of CuInS2–carbon multilayers in the spray ILGAR process
Authors: Camus Christian , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Allsop Nicholas A. , Gledhill Sophie E. , Köhler Tristan , Rappich Jörg , Lauermann Iver , Lux‐Steiner Martha C. , Fischer Christian‐Herbert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the incorporation of carbon into CuInS2(CIS) thin films is described as observed in spray ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR) deposition of such thin films. It is shown that this carbon incorporation leads to the formation of a CIS–carbon multilayer stack. Its growth mechanism is explained by the interaction of the copper and indium precursor compounds used in the deposition process.
Identification of etch‐pit crystallographic faces induced on diamond surface by H2/O2 etching plasma treatment
Authors: Achard J. , Silva F. , Brinza O. , Bonnin X. , Mille V. , Issaoui R. , Kasu M. , Gicquel A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEven for samples exhibiting excellent electronic properties in terms of carrier mobility, sample‐to‐sample variability remains considerable and dislocation density is still very high, the latter characteristic being often related to damages induced either by the substrate polishing step or by substrate bulk dislocations. In order to limit the polishing effect, a pre‐treatment based on H2/O2 plasma etching under relatively high pressure (a few 100 mbar) has been routinely used for several years. Nevertheless, those bulk dislocations present in the substrate that reach its surface lead to square etch‐pit formation which depth can grow to several 100 nm, preventing the growth of smooth and flat thin films (<few µm). In order to overcome this limitation, we have focused our work on the identification of the crystallographic faces constitutive of the etch‐pits. Starting from a geometrical model describing the diamond crystal morphology evolution, and by carefully choosing the initial growth conditions, we show that it is possible to fill the etch‐pits rapidly and thus to recover the H2/O2 plasma pre‐treatment advantages, even for thin film deposition with smooth surface.
Electrically active defects in boron doped diamond homoepitaxial layers studied from deep level transient spectroscopies and other techniques
Authors: Muret Pierre , Kumar Amit , Volpe Pierre‐Nicolas , Wade Mamadou , Pernot Julien , Magaud Laurence , Mer Christine , Bergonzo Philippe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHomoepitaxial thin films of boron doped diamond are investigated with the help of Fourier transform deep level transient spectroscopy (FT‐DLTS) and high resolution isothermal transient spectroscopy (HR‐ITS) in order to determine the properties of hole traps. Conductivity studies and other characterisation techniques of defects are also used to bring complementary information. The main conclusions are as follows: (i) many hole traps can be found with activation energies in the range 0.9–1.6 eV; (ii) most of them show inwards decreasing concentrations, which passes below 1015/cm3 at a depth close to a few hundred nanometers from the surface; (iii) some of them are metastable, in the sense the emission rate distribution undergoes changes after thermal treatments performed at temperatures well below those used for growth and previous annealing. These two last facts suggest that hydrogen atoms may be involved in charged defects. In other samples, an irreversible decrease of the conductivity correlated with the increase of the cathodoluminescence (CL) A band demonstrates that a deep donor is connected with dislocations and acts as a very efficient compensating centre in the first 400 nm just below the surface but with a decreasing concentration deeper inside the homoepitaxial layer. The physical origin of these deep levels is discussed and believed to be likely connected with hydrogen atoms.
Phosphorus incorporation and activity in (100)‐oriented homoepitaxial diamond layers
Authors: Frangieh G. , Pinault M.‐A. , Barjon J. , Tillocher T. , Jomard F. , Chevallier J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, we present a study about the homoepitaxial growth of phosphorus‐doped diamond on (100) substrates. The growth was performed by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) adding an organic precursor for phosphorus (tertiarybutylphosphine: TBP) in the gaseous phase. We show that phosphorus is incorporated in (100) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond as proved by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The recombination of excitons bound to phosphorus donors is observed by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. The influence of the growth parameters on the phosphorus donor activity is investigated. We show that the [C*]/[H2] ratio is a key parameter for controlling the P‐donor activity when diamond is grown on (100) surfaces.
Influence of tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) addition on the CVD growth of diamond
Authors: Frangieh G. , Jomard F. , Pinault M.‐A. , Barjon J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the growth mechanisms of phosphorus‐doped diamond is an important issue for the fabrication of n‐type diamond. In this work, the influence of the addition of phosphorus precursor, tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP), on diamond growth mechanism, is investigated. Isolated diamond crystallites and polycrystalline diamond films were grown on silicon substrates by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The growth rate anisotropy is deduced by measuring the facet sizes of crystallites observed in a scanning electron microscope. We show that a small amount of TBP added during diamond growth, has a strong impact on the growth rate anisotropy and on the secondary nucleation. We also show that phosphorus is incorporated in polycrystalline diamond films as observed by secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Electrochemical deposition of Pt nanoparticles on diamond substrates
Authors: Hu Jingping , Lu Xiao , Foord John S. , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles were deposited on polished smooth, as‐grown large grain and small grain diamond substrates by a potentiostatic method. The influence of deposition potential and the morphology of BDD substrates were studied. A progressive nucleation along with spherical clusters was observed on smooth BDD electrode, accompanied with a heterogeneous segregation of platinum on diamond facets of higher electrochemical activities and a weak binding to the substrate. In contrast, an instantaneous nucleation was observed on as‐grown small grain and large grain BDD electrodes, with a dendritic microstructure and a much larger specific active area. The platinum decorated as‐grown smaller grain BDD electrodes show a much better electrochemical stability than the other electrodes investigated.
High surface smoothening of diamond HPHT (100) substrates
Authors: Mer‐Calfati C. , Habka N. , Ben‐Younes A. , Pinault M.‐A. , Barjon J. , Bergonzo P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the influence of (100) substrate pre‐treatment before boron doped homoepitaxial diamond growth. Atomic force microscopy measurements were made on (100) Ib HPHT and (100) IIa chemical vapour deposition commercially available substrates after the classical acid cleaning and before any growth or treatment. The (100) Ib HPHT substrates exhibit the most reproducible surfaces (on both sides). Different treatments before growth were performed on this type of substrates (hydrogen plasma etching, ion implantation, etc.). We show that a combined ion implantation and H2 plasma etching pre‐treatment improves drastically the substrate roughness, with values as low as 0.2 nm readily obtained.
High reactivity and stability of diamond electrodes: The influence of the B‐doping concentration
Authors: Vanhove E. , de Sanoit J. , Mailley P. , Pinault M.‐A. , Jomard F. , Bergonzo P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe use of diamond to develop electrochemical (EC) sensors opens up promising perspectives with interests for biosensing applications. However, in spite of the superior EC properties of diamond, two crucial issues remain to be solved: to improve (i) the electrode stability and (ii) the charge transfer rate k0. To address these issues, the influence of the boron concentration and of EC treatments on EC behaviour was assessed. Our results were compared with those obtained on a commercial diamond electrode. The reactivity of the as‐grown electrodes was very high whatever the boron concentration. However, a systematic linear increase of the charge transfer resistance (Rt) with time, highly dependent on the boron concentration, was observed. The most favourable EC behaviour was obtained for a boron concentration close to the phase separation limit and attributed to a higher effective doping. Moreover, a further EC‐treatment of the diamond samples considerably enhances the electrodes stability. Optimized samples, obtained after EC‐treatment, show a high reactivity (k0 = 0.2 cm/s) equivalent to that of platinum as well as a remarkably enhanced stability.
Photoluminescence and XPS investigations of Cu2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Hou Shili , Zhang Xiangqiang , Mao Huibing , Wang Jiqing , Zhu Ziqiang , Jing Weiping 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCu2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method in water/ethanol solution. The quantum dots obtained were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The [S2−]/[Zn2+] ratios have an effect on the photoluminescence of both aqueous solutions and powders of Cu2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots. For aqueous samples, a green luminescence centre is observed in the spectrum of sample 1 with [S2−]/[Zn2+] = 1:2 and a blue one for sample 2 with [S2−]/[Zn2+] = 1:1. For powders, only the green emission is the main luminescence centre, and the integrated intensity in the blue emission region of sample 1 is stronger than that of sample 2. Compared with the spectrum of CuS powders, the X‐ray‐induced Auger electron spectrum of Cu L3M45M45 in ZnS quantum dots shows a unique spectral characteristic. The 3d level of the Cu2+ ion is split into two different energy levels at 334.0 and 347.2 eV, respectively.
Use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and online databases for identification of phosphocholines and lysophosphatidylcholines in human red blood cells
Authors: Xu Fengguo , Zou Li , Lin Qingsong , Ong Choon Nam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work a systematic strategy integrating liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and online databases was developed to identify phosphocholines (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) in human red blood cells (RBCs). First of all, the neutral loss scan of 59 and the precursor ion scan of m/z 184 were performed to find out the possible lipids with phosphocholine head‐group structure in RBCs. The acquired [M+H]+ and [M+Na]+ adduct ions were then identified online using the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and the LIPID MAPS, which were then further confirmed by their MS/MS fragmentation. Based on the comparison of chemical structures of the detected PC and LPC with their corresponding MS/MS fragmentation pathways, several new diagnostic fragments or fragmentation pathway were found. These include, (1) the neutral losses of 183 could be used as a diagnostic fragmentation to discriminate PC and LPC; (2) product ions at m/z 104 could be used to distinguish LPC and their sn‐2 isomers; (3) fragment ions at m/z 184 are characteristic fragmentation that could be used for discrimination of sodiated ions [M+Na]+ and protonated ions [M+H]+, especially for co‐eluted PC or LPC with a molecular weight difference of 22. The structures of the above‐mentioned fragment ions were confirmed by quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) MS. Furthermore, a PC and LPC focused LC/MS semi‐quantification approach was also developed and validated. This approach could be useful for future lipidomic study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient three‐dimensional scene modeling and mosaicing
Authors: Nicosevici Tudor , Gracias Nuno , Negahdaripour Shahriar , Garcia Rafael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractScene modeling has a key role in applications ranging from visual mapping to augmented reality. This paper presents an end‐to‐end solution for creating accurate three‐dimensional (3D) textured models using monocular video sequences. The methods are developed within the framework of sequential structure from motion, in which a 3D model of the environment is maintained and updated as new visual information becomes available. The proposed approach contains contributions at different levels. The camera pose is recovered by directly associating the 3D scene model with local image observations, using a dual‐registration approach. Compared to the standard structure from motion techniques, this approach decreases the error accumulation while increasing the robustness to scene occlusions and feature association failures, while allowing 3D reconstructions for any type of scene. Motivated by the need to map large areas, a novel 3D vertex selection mechanism is proposed, which takes into account the geometry of the scene. Vertices are selected not only to have high reconstruction accuracy but also to be representative of the local shape of the scene. This results in a reduction in the complexity of the final 3D model, with minimal loss of precision. As a final step, a composite visual map of the scene (mosaic) is generated. We present a method for blending image textures using 3D geometric information and photometric differences between registered textures. The method allows high‐quality mosaicing over 3D surfaces by reducing the effects of the distortions induced by camera viewpoint and illumination changes. The results are presented for four scene modeling scenarios, including a comparison with ground truth under a realistic scenario and a challenging underwater data set. Although developed primarily for underwater mapping applications, the methods are general and applicable to other domains, such as aerial and land‐based mapping. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and evaluation of a data‐adaptive alerting algorithm for univariate temporal biosurveillance data
Authors: Elbert Yevgeniy , Burkom Howard S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses further advances in making robust predictions with the Holt–Winters forecasts for a variety of syndromic time series behaviors and introduces a control‐chart detection approach based on these forecasts. Using three collections of time series data, we compare biosurveillance alerting methods with quantified measures of forecast agreement, signal sensitivity, and time‐to‐detect. The study presents practical rules for initialization and parameterization of biosurveillance time series. Several outbreak scenarios are used for detection comparison. We derive an alerting algorithm from forecasts using Holt–Winters‐generalized smoothing for prospective application to daily syndromic time series. The derived algorithm is compared with simple control‐chart adaptations and to more computationally intensive regression modeling methods. The comparisons are conducted on background data from both authentic and simulated data streams. Both types of background data include time series that vary widely by both mean value and cyclic or seasonal behavior. Plausible, simulated signals are added to the background data for detection performance testing at signal strengths calculated to be neither too easy nor too hard to separate the compared methods. Results show that both the sensitivity and the timeliness of the Holt–Winters‐based algorithm proved to be comparable or superior to that of the more traditional prediction methods used for syndromic surveillance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Electron‐Beam Writing of Highly Conductive Wires in Functionalized Fullerene Films
Authors: Gibbons Francis P. , Manickam Mayandithevar , Preece Jon A. , Palmer Richard E. , Robinson Alex P. G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work demonstrates the patterning of thin films (≈25 nm) of a newly synthesized fullerene derivative by direct‐write electron‐beam lithography to produce highly conducting carbon microstructures. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the resulting microstructure morphology, whilst the resistivities of the structures are probed using four‐point probe electrodes deposited on the microstructures by lift‐off. The microstructures have a resistivity of ≈9.5 × 10−3 Ω cm after exposure to an electron dose of 0.1 C cm−2. The method may have applications in the generation and electrical contacting of organic electronics, organic photovoltaics, and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices.
Modulation of DNA Polymerases with Gold Nanoparticles and their Applications in Hot‐Start PCR
Authors: Mi Lijuan , Wen Yanqin , Pan Dun , Wang Yanhong , Fan Chunhai , Hu Jun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new gold‐nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based strategy to dynamically modulate the activity of DNA polymerases and realize a hot‐start (HS)‐like effect in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is reported, which effectively prevents unwanted nonspecific amplification and improves the performance of PCRs. A high‐fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase is employed as the model system. Interestingly, AuNPs inactivate the polymerase activity of Pfu at low temperature, thus resembling an antibody‐based HS PCR. This inhibition effect of AuNPs is demonstrated for the preamplification polymerization activity of the PCR, which largely suppresses nonspecific amplification at temperatures between 30 and 60 °C and leads to highly specific and sensitive PCR amplification with Pfu. Significantly, the fidelity of Pfu is not sacrificed in the presence of AuNPs. Therefore, this AuNP‐based HS strategy provides a straightforward and potentially versatile approach to realize high‐performance PCR amplification.