bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible emission from ZnCdO/ZnO multiple quantum wells
Authors: Lange Martin , Dietrich Christof P. , Brachwitz Kerstin , Stölzel Marko , Lorenz Michael , Grundmann Marius 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolar c‐axis oriented Zn0.75Cd0.25O/ZnO multiple quantum wells (MQWs), grown by pulsed‐laser deposition (PLD), emitting in the visible spectral range are reported. By applying a low growth temperature of ≈300 °C a large Cd content of 0.25 and abrupt interfaces could be achieved using PLD. The emission energy was tuned from the green to the violet spectral range (2.5 eV to 3.1 eV) by tuning the quantum well thickness. It is determined by the quantum confinement effect and the quantum‐confined Stark effect. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)magnified image
On the estimation of the equilibrium points of uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Chesi Graziano 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe analysis and control of nonlinear systems often require information about the location of their equilibrium points. This paper addresses the problem of estimating the set of equilibrium points of uncertain nonlinear systems, in particular, systems whose dynamics are described by a nonlinear function of the state depending polynomially on an uncertainty vector constrained in a polytope. It is shown that estimates of this set can be obtained by solving LMI problems, which are built through sum of squares techniques by introducing worst‐case truncations of the nonlinearities and by exploiting homogeneity of equivalent representations. In particular, the computation of estimates with fixed shape and the problem of establishing their tightness is firstly considered. Then, the paper shows how this methodology can be used to address the computation of the minimum volume estimate and the construction of the smallest convex estimate. Examples with random and real systems illustrate the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of open‐loop neutrally stable systems subject to actuator saturation and external disturbances
Authors: Wang Xu , Saberi Ali , Grip Håvard Fjær , Stoorvogel Anton A. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the disturbance response of open‐loop neutrally stable linear systems with saturating linear feedback controller. It is shown that the closed‐loop states remain bounded if the disturbances consists of those signals that do not have large sustained frequency components corresponding to the system's eigenvalues on the imaginary axis (continuous‐time) or on the unit circle (discrete‐time). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security and privacy issues for the network of the future
Authors: Marias Giannis F. , Barros João , Fiedler Markus , Fischer Andreas , Hauff Harald , Herkenhoener Ralph , Grillo Antonio , Lentini Alessandro , Lima Luisa , Lorentzen Charlott , Mazurczyk Wojciech , de Meer Hermann , Oliveira Paulo F. , Polyzos George C. , Pujol Enric , Szczypiorski Krzysztof , Vilela João P. , Vinhoza Tiago T. V. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe vision towards the Network of the Future cannot be separated from the fact that today's networks, and networking services are subject to sophisticated and very effective attacks. When these attacks first appeared, spoofing and distributed denial‐of‐service attacks were treated as apocalypse for networking. Now, they are considered moderate damage, whereas more sophisticated and inconspicuous attacks, such as botnets activities, might have greater and far reaching impact. As the Internet is expanding to mobile phones and ‘smart dust’ and as its social coverage is liberalized towards the realization of ubiquitous computing (with communication), the concerns on security and privacy have become deeper and the problems more challenging than ever. Re‐designing the Internet as the Network of the Future is self‐motivating for researchers, and security and privacy cannot be provided again as separate, external, add‐on, solutions. In this paper, we discuss the security and privacy challenges of the Network of the Future and try to delimit the solutions space on the basis of emerging techniques. We also review methods that help the quantification of security and privacy in an effort to provide a more systematic and quantitative treatment of the area in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On steganography in lost audio packets
Authors: Mazurczyk Wojciech , Lubacz Józef , Szczypiorski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new hidden data insertion procedure based on the estimated probability of the remaining time of the call for the steganographic method called lost audio packets (LACK) steganography. LACK provides hidden communication for real‐time services such as voice over IP. The analytical results presented in this paper concern the influence of LACK's hidden data insertion procedures on the quality of voice transmission and the resistance to steganalysis. The proposed hidden data insertion procedure is also compared with previous steganogram insertion approaches on the basis of estimating the remaining average call duration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerischer Beulsicherheitsnachweis für Kreiszylinderschalen unter Umfangsdruck – Neue Entwicklungen
Authors: Schneider Werner , Gettel Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIm Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass eigenformaffine Imperfektionen beim Basisbeulfall Umfangsdruck ungeeignet für den numerischen Beulsicherheitsnachweis gemäß Eurocode sind. Dagegen stellen nach dem Konzept quasi‐kollapsaffiner Imperfektionen gewonnene natürliche Längsvorbeulen eine geeignete Ausgangsbasis für die Entwicklung konsistenter geometrischer Ersatzimperfektionen dar. Für diese Imperfektionsform werden Amplituden angegeben, die zu den experimentell gesicherten Tragfähigkeiten nach dem klassischen Beulsicherheitsnachweis führen.Numerical buckling strength verification of cylindrical steel shells subjected to circumferential compression – A new approach. In the paper it is shown that eigenmode‐affine imperfection patterns are problematic for a numerical buckling analysis according to Eurocode for cylindrical steel shells subjected to circumferential compression. In contrast, natural longitudinal imperfections derived from the concept of quasi‐collapse‐affine imperfections are suited to accomplish a consistent transition from the classical to the new numerical buckling strength verification technique through the determination of consistent imperfection amplitudes.
Spectator profiles and economic impact of the 2009 US Women's Open
Authors: Scott Amy K. S. , Turco Douglas Michele 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEconomic impact studies are a common form of evaluating sporting events, but there exists considerable disagreement about their approaches and accuracy. Recently, the consumer behaviors of spectator market segments (i.e., Casuals, Runaways, Homestayers, and others) have been shown to significantly influence the net impacts of an event on the host economy. The purpose of this study is to apply the ex post bottom‐up model, ACE: Assessing Consumers of Events, to the 2009 US Women's Open golf championship to estimate the event's economic impact as well as to illustrate the model's data requirements and methodology. In 2008, the ex ante ACE model predicted $7.5 million in spending in the host economy with a slight crowding‐out effect. The ex post ACE model study estimated that 2009 US Women's Open spectators in fact spent $7.6 million. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The amnesias
Authors: Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Murphy Kelly J. , Rich Jill B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThroughout history, memory and amnesia have been central to philosophical thought and empirical investigation. There has been particular interest in whether there are multiple forms of memory, how they are represented in the brain, how they are parsed following neurological compromise, and how their breakdown is best characterized. Differential abilities among amnestic individuals have advanced the distinction between various forms of memory, such as implicit and explicit memory in the case of H.M., and episodic and semantic memory in the case of K.C. This overview brings together a variety of perspectives on memory and the amnesias, from Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurology, and Cognitive Science, to Animal and Human Neuroscience. We begin with a brief history of the study of memory organization in the healthy brain and dissociations in memory as uncovered in extensively studied cases of amnesia. Memory impairment resulting from damage to the medial temporal lobe (MTL), diencephalon, basal forebrain, and the frontal lobes is then elaborated, with a focus on MTL amnesia, which has received the most attention among memory researchers. Alternative theories of MTL amnesia are considered through a selective review of the current amnesia and neuroimaging literatures on the seemingly disparate roles of the hippocampus in episodic and spatial memory, future imagining, perception, implicit memory, and working memory. If amnesia is a disorder that is not restricted to explicit (consciously accessible) memory, this will force us to rethink the way in which memory is represented in the human brain. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:47–63. doi: 10.1002/wcs.155This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
Validation of Biological and Clinical Outcome Between with and without Thoracotomy in Liver Resection: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Yamazaki Shintaro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Moriguchi Masamichi , Okada Shunji , Hayashi Yuki , Nakayama Hisashi , Higaki Tokio , Sugitani Masahiko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe transthoracic approach in liver resection is a useful option for improving the clearance of and access to the operation field. However, this approach remains controversial due to the threat of increased respiratory complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and biological responses of patients who underwent the transthoracic versus the transabdominal approach in liver resection.MethodsThis case‐matched cohort study included a total of 127 patients who underwent treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma from June 2006 to December 2007 at the Nihon University Itabashi Hospital. Forty‐four (34.6%) patients had the transthoracic approach of liver resection, and the patients were matched on three variables: (1) scale of liver resection, (2) perioperative steroid administration, and (3) pathologically proven liver cirrhosis. The patients were divided into two groups according to the transthoracic (n = 36) or transabdominal (n = 36) approaches. Clinical outcomes (including respiratory and overall complications) and biological responses (including acute‐phase cytokine production and oxygenation) were compared between the two different approaches.ResultsThe preoperative variables were well matched. However, for the transthoracic group relative to the transabdominal group, the median operative time was significantly longer (median = 402 min [range = 236–661] vs. 330 min [range = 178–697], P ≤ 0.001), the ischemia time was shorter (65 min [range = 12–223] vs. 76 min [range = 28–247], P = 0.04), the level of AaDO2 on POD 1 was higher (66.1 vs. 33.5 Torr, P = 0.04), and the IL‐6 level in pleural effusions on POD 2 was higher (21,900 pg/ml [range = 6,020–123,000] vs. 866 pg/ml [range = 389–2,210], P < 0.001). There was no postoperative mortality and no significant difference between groups in overall morbidity (P = 0.81), overall respiratory complications (P = 0.11), atelectasis (P = 0.10), pleural effusion (P = 0.06), pneumonia (P = 1.00), and length of postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.23).ConclusionBecause of there was no significant difference between transthoracic and transabdominal approaches. We recommend using the transthoracic approach in liver resection.
Survival and population growth of a long‐lived threatened snake species,Drymarchon couperi(Eastern Indigo Snake)
Authors: Hyslop Natalie L. , Stevenson Dirk J. , Macey John N. , Carlile Lawrence D. , Jenkins Chris L. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Oli Madan K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDemographic data provide a basis for understanding the life history and ecology of species, factors which are vital for informing conservation efforts; however, little is known regarding the population ecology of most snake species, including the threatened Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi). We used 11 years (1999–2009) of capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) and 2.5 years (2003–2005) of radiotelemetry data from southeastern Georgia, USA, in a CMR modeling framework to estimate apparent survival, capture and transition probabilities, and evaluate factors influencing these parameters. The model‐averaged estimate of overall apparent annual survival probability was 0.700 (±0.030 SE) and is comparable to that obtained from known fate analysis (radiotelemetry) at the same site. Body size positively influenced survival, regardless of sex. Capture probability differed seasonally by sex, suggesting lower capture probability for females in fall and males in winter. There was no evidence for effect of precipitation or site‐specific differences in survival. Model averaged estimate of annual adult survival estimated using multistate CMR models was 0.738 ± 0.030 and 0.515 ± 0.189 for subadults. We estimated population growth rate (λ) and elasticity (proportional sensitivity) ofλto vital rates using a stage‐structured matrix population model. Population growth rate ranged from 0.96 to 1.03 depending on the value of the probability of transitioning from subadult to adult stage. Theλwas proportionally most sensitive to changes in adult survival rate, followed by subadult survival. Our results suggest that protecting adult snakes and their habitats would result in the highest likelihood of long‐term population stability and growth.
Long‐term variations in rodent abundance in a rural landscape of the Pampas, Argentina
Authors: Fraschina Jimena , León Vanina A. , Busch María 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyze the variations in abundance of rodent communities over the last 24 years in a rural area, and their relation to possible changes in climatic variables and land use. The principal change in the area observed along the study period was an increase in the area covered by soybean. The habitats studied were crop fields and borders. The total abundance of rodents did not show a significant trend of variation over time in crop fields while in borders the abundance in autumn–winter (A–W) showed a significant trend to decrease over time. The different rodent species showed a differential response over time. While Calomys laucha and C. musculinus showed a decrease between the period before and after the soybean expansion, Akodon azarae did not change its abundance over time. The mean minimum temperature increased over time while the number of days with frost decreased. Total rodent abundance in A–W was positively associated with the cumulated precipitation of the previous spring–summer period and negatively with the cumulated precipitation of the same period. We conclude that rodent abundance variations in crop fields and borders of the study area are influenced by precipitation, but the observed trends of variation over time are better explained by changes in agricultural practices than by meteorological variables.
The Alpha Linolenic Acid Content of Flaxseed is Associated with an Induction of Adipose Leptin Expression
Authors: McCullough Richelle S. , Edel Andrea L. , Bassett Chantal M. C. , LaVallée Renée K. , Dibrov Elena , Blackwood David P. , Ander Bradley P. , Pierce Grant N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDietary flaxseed has cardioprotective effects that may be achieved through its rich content of the omega‐3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid (ALA). Because ALA can be stored in adipose tissue, it is possible that some of its beneficial actions may be due to effects it has on the adipose tissue. We investigated the effects of dietary flaxseed both with and without an atherogenic cholesterol‐enriched diet to determine the effects of dietary flaxseed on the expression of the adipose cytokines leptin and adiponectin. Rabbits were fed one of four diets: a regular (RG) diet, or a regular diet with added 0.5% cholesterol (CH), or 10% ground flaxseed (FX), or both (CF) for 8 weeks. Levels of leptin and adiponectin expression were assessed by RT‐PCR in visceral adipose tissue. Consumption of flaxseed significantly increased plasma and adipose levels of ALA. Leptin protein and mRNA expression were lower in CH animals and were elevated in CF animals. Changes in leptin expression were strongly and positively correlated with adipose ALA levels and inversely correlated with levels of en face atherosclerosis. Adiponectin expression was not significantly affected by any of the dietary interventions. Our data demonstrate that the type of fat in the diet as well as its caloric content can specifically influence leptin expression. The findings support the hypothesis that the beneficial cardiovascular effects associated with flaxseed consumption may be related to a change in leptin expression.
Organogel Formation of Soybean Oil with Waxes
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Kim Sanghoon , Singh Mukti , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMany waxes including plant waxes and animal waxes were evaluated for the gelation ability toward soybean oil (SBO) and compared with hydrogenated vegetable oils, petroleum waxes and commercial non‐edible gelling agents to understand factors affecting the gelation ability of a gelator. Sunflower wax (SW) showed the most promising results and all SW samples from three different suppliers could make a gel with concentrations as low as 0.5 wt%. Candelilla wax and rice bran wax also showed good gelation properties, which, however, varied with different suppliers. Gelation ability of a wax is significantly dependant on its purity and detailed composition. A wax ester with longer alkyl chains has significantly better gelation ability toward SBO than that with shorter alkyl chains indicating that the chain length of a component in a wax such as wax ester is an important factor for gelation ability. The SW–SBO organogel showed increased melting point with increased SW content, showing the melting point range from about 47 to 65 °C with 0.5–10 wt% SW. The effects of cooling rate on crystal size and firmness of a gel were investigated. The dependence of firmness on cooling rate was so significant that the desired texture of an organogel could be achieved by controlling the cooling rate in addition to controlling the amount of gelling agent. This research reveals that a small amount of food grade plant waxes including SW may replace a large amount of the hardstock containing trans‐fat or saturated fat.
The developmental quality of participation experiences: Beyond the rhetoric that “participation is always good!”
Authors: Ferreira Pedro D. , Azevedo Cristina N. , Menezes Isabel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA powerful rhetoric regarding the importance of adolescents’ civic engagement and political participation is common in contemporary societies, whilst citizens, both adolescent and adults, seem to express a growing scepticism and alienation regarding politics. Even if this disengagement is debatable, as there are simultaneous signs of an increasing involvement in a variety of emerging and broadly‐defined civic and political activities, we argue that the benefits of these experiences should be scrutinized using psychological evidence‐based criteria. We rest on classical contributions from developmental psychology, educational theory and political science to define criteria that could inform the quality of participation experiences, and then present two studies that explore its adequacy. Study 1 is a cross‐sectional study that observes that higher quality civic and political experiences are connected with more complex modes of thinking about politics. In Study 2, a two‐wave longitudinal design, the quality of participation experiences is a significant predictor of change patterns of political attitudes; moreover, results support the argument that participation is not good in itself and that some experiences, with lesser developmental quality, might have a detrimental effect on adolescents’ political development.
Using Concept Maps in Perioperative Education
Authors: Noonan Pam 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCritical thinking and clinical decision making are essential components of the knowledge and skills acquired in the perioperative education process. Although traditional didactic teaching methods remain predominant teaching strategies in perioperative nursing education, programs should include a variety of methods and tools to enhance learning of a considerable amount of complex material. Concept mapping is an active teaching strategy that can be used in nursing education to facilitate the development of critical thinking and decision‐making skills. A concept map is a tool consisting of a main idea, subconcepts, and cross‐links that organizes knowledge by showing relationships between concepts. Different types of maps can be used to present different types of learning material, depending on the focus of the lesson. Complex knowledge (eg, perioperative technology) can be better learned and retained when the brain works to organize information in a hierarchical framework and the information is built up with interacting concepts.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOne to two people per 1,000 are affected by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism in the United States each year. AORN published its new “Recommended practices for prevention of deep vein thrombosis” to guide perioperative RNs in establishing organization‐wide protocols for DVT prevention. Strategies for successful implementation of the recommended practices include taking a multidisciplinary approach to protocol development, providing education and guidance for performing preoperative patient assessments and administering DVT prophylaxis, and having appropriate resources and the facility's policy and procedure for DVT prevention readily available in the practice setting. Hospital and ambulatory patient scenarios have been included as examples of appropriate execution of the recommended practices.
Clinical Issues—November 2011
Authors: Blanchard Joan 
Published: October 2011

This MonthFootwear and use of shoe covers in the perioperative suiteKey words: protective footwear, shoe covers, hazard risk assessment, foot injuries.Perioperative disinfection and sterilizationKey words: germicide, disinfectant, antiseptic, disinfection, sterilization.Use of alcohol wipes for perioperative cleaning and disinfectionKey words: alcohol wipes, cleaning, disinfection, fire hazard.Healthcare Laundry Accreditation CouncilKey words: health care laundry, laundry facility accreditation, surgical attire.