bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arab Israeli women's renunciation of their inheritance shares: a challenge for Israel's courts
Authors: Sandberg Haim , Hofri-Winogradow Adam 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe practice of Arab women voluntarily renouncing their shares in the family inheritance is well known, having been noticed in several Mediterranean and African countries, including Israel and the West Bank. This practice seems grossly inegalitarian, reflecting many Muslim women's social and economic inferiority and their dependent status. Some Islamic feminists argue that the practice contradicts not only the letter of the sharia, which guarantees women shares in the family inheritance, but also fundamental Islamic principles. Conservatives, however, see the practice as cohering with the spirit of Islam (though not with the letter of sharia), as a voluntary choice by many Muslim women to let their brothers or husbands fulfil their traditional role of providing for their sisters or wives. International institutions concerned with enhancing gender equality have taken the latter view seriously enough to refrain from judging the practice negatively. Our article highlights the Israeli civil courts' diverse responses to the practice: some judges criticise it while others choose a policy of non-interference. The article further discusses the practice and Israeli civil courts' responses in the comparative perspective of Jewish women's practice of renouncing their property and other rights on divorce. Some Jewish husbands make such renunciation a condition of their dissolving the marriage. Israeli civil courts often see such renunciation as an effect of extortion and permit women to rescind it once divorced. We thus conclude with a plea to the civil courts to encourage gender equality among the Arab population to the same extent, at least, to which they promote it among Israel's Jews.
Modeling geomagnetically induced electric field and currents by combining a global MHD model with a local one‐dimensional method
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Wang C. , Tang B. B. 
Published: April 2012

Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flowing in long conductor systems on the ground are a well‐known space weather hazard. We develop a new approach to simulating GICs by combining a global MHD model with a local one‐dimensional method. As an example, we apply this approach to model the GIC at the Pirttikoski 400 kV transformer of the Finnish high‐voltage power system during the space weather event of 22–23 September 1999. The modeled results can capture the main observational features, and the model performances is better than two GIC persistence models, which demonstrates this promising new approach in GIC forecasting.
Target Strength Measurements of Juvenile Blueback Herring from the Mohawk River, New York
Authors: Gurshin Christopher W. D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Target strength (TS) was estimated from in situ and ex situ measurements of juvenile blueback herring Alosa aestivalis during their fall downriver migration at the Crescent Hydroelectric Project in the Mohawk River, New York. The blueback herring is an ecologically important anadromous species that must transit fish passage facilities at hydroelectric dams. Measurements of TS are necessary to distinguish juvenile blueback herring from other fishes as well as to scale echo integration results to numerical fish densities during hydroacoustic studies. This study presents the first measurements of TS for juvenile blueback herring. The TS measurements were collected from an echosounder operating at 420 kHz with two split-beam transducers (one down-looking and one side-looking). Single echo detections associated with tracked fish echoes and the echoes at the periphery of schools in the headrace of the powerhouse were used in estimating in situ TS. Mean total length (TL) of 192 individuals captured by cast net was 75 mm. A single dead fish (70 mm TL) was tethered and suspended by monofilament line in both transducer beams, each orientated down; the mean TS of this fish was −52.3 decibels (dB) for the 15° beam and −52.8 dB for the 6° beam. The mean in situ TS was −46.0 dB in the down-looking beam and −48.6 dB in the side-looking beam. The in situ TS estimates were similar to those reported for similar-sized fish from published TS–TL relationships. The mean in situ TS for the down-looking beam was 0.1–0.5 dB higher than the predicted TS for similar-sized alewives A. pseudoharengus measured at 70 kHz in two studies. Results indicate that blueback herring and alewives have similar TSs and emphasize the importance of swim bladder condition and body orientation in influencing TS estimates for scaling acoustically derived fish density estimates.
Received July 17, 2011; accepted December 30, 2011
Development and recent evaluation of the MT_CKD model of continuum absorption
Authors: Mlawer Eli J. , Payne Vivienne H. , Moncet Jean-Luc , Delamere Jennifer S. , Alvarado Matthew J. , Tobin David C. 
Published: April 2012

Water vapour continuum absorption is an important contributor to the Earth's radiative cooling and energy balance. Here, we describe the development and status of the MT_CKD (MlawerTobinCloughKneizysDavies) water vapour continuum absorption model. The perspective adopted in developing the MT_CKD model has been to constrain the model so that it is consistent with quality analyses of spectral atmospheric and laboratory measurements of the foreign and self continuum. For field measurements, only cases for which the characterization of the atmospheric state has been highly scrutinized have been used. Continuum coefficients in spectral regions that have not been subject to compelling analyses are determined by a mathematical formulation of the spectral shape associated with each water vapour monomer line. This formulation, which is based on continuum values in spectral regions in which the coefficients are well constrained by measurements, is applied consistently to all water vapour monomer lines from the microwave to the visible. The results are summed-up (separately for the foreign and self) to obtain continuum coefficients from 0 to 20 000 cm
−1
. For each water vapour line, the MT_CKD line shape formulation consists of two components: exponentially decaying far wings of the line plus a contribution from a water vapour molecule undergoing a weak interaction with a second molecule. In the MT_CKD model, the first component is the primary agent for the continuum between water vapour bands, while the second component is responsible for the majority of the continuum within water vapour bands. The MT_CKD model should be regarded as a semi-empirical model with strong constraints provided by the known physics. Keeping the MT_CKD continuum consistent with current observational studies necessitates periodic updates to the water vapour continuum coefficients. In addition to providing details on the MT_CKD line shape formulation, we describe the most recent update to the model, MT_CKD_2.5, which is based on an analysis of satellite- and ground-based observations from 2385 to 2600 cm
−1
(approx. 4 μm).
Emotion and relatedness as aspects of the identities of adolescents with severe learning disabilities: contributions from ‘practice‐near’ social work research
Authors: Hingley‐Jones Helen 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper considers social and personal/individual approaches to researching identities of adolescents with severe learning disabilities; suggesting that vital components of emotionality and relatedness are largely missing from research and consequently from literature informing social care professionals. This leaves untapped, rich information and communication resources for research which may improve understandings of the experiences of a socially excluded group of young people. A psychosocial view of adolescent identity development, ‘subjectivation’, offers a way forward and a case study on ‘Billy’, drawn from a ‘practice‐near’ observational study, helps to illustrate this. Observation allows the researcher to be sensitive to the subtle ways in which identities of young people with severe learning disabilities are constructed, often with a sense of fragility and uncertainty. Continuities of experience between the young people and the rest of the adolescent community may be seen, but also the impact of living with impairment can be thought about in relation to the particular psychosocial circumstances of each young person. Knowledge of these processes enhances social work practice by encouraging workers to be sensitive to, and healthily curious about, the multiple ways in which identities of young people with severe learning disabilities are shaped in relationship with those around them and the wider social field.
The LINA cohort: indoor chemical exposure, circulating eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) progenitors and early life skin manifestations
Authors: Weisse K. , Lehmann I. , Heroux D. , Kohajda T. , Herberth G. , Röder S. , von Bergen M. , Borte M. , Denburg J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic progenitor cells, especially those committed to the Eo/B lineage, are known to contribute to allergic inflammation.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental factors are associated with changes in numbers of circulating Eo/B progenitors at 1 year of age.MethodsPeripheral blood from 60 1‐year‐old children enrolled in the LINA (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk) birth cohort was assessed for Eo/B progenitor cells (Eo/B CFU) using standardized and validated methylcellulose assays. Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of IL‐3, IL‐5 or GM‐CSF, and Eo/B CFUs enumerated. Clinical outcomes and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were documented by standardized questionnaires, and indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were assessed by passive sampling.ResultsChildren with skin manifestations (atopic dermatitis or cradle cap) within the first year of life had higher numbers of circulating IL‐3‐, IL‐5‐ or GM‐CSF‐stimulated Eo/B CFUs (P < 0.05) at 1 year. In children with cradle cap, a positive correlation was found between Eo/B CFUs and exposure to ETS‐related VOCs during pregnancy or at 1 year of age (P < 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis is the first demonstration that environmental exposures are positively associated with levels of circulating Eo/B progenitors. The recruitment and differentiation of Eo/B progenitors in response to environmental triggers may play a role in the development of skin manifestations during the first year of life.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Under Partially Denaturing Conditions (dHPLC) is a Fast and Cost‐Effective Method for Screening Molecular Defects: Four Novel Mutations Found in X‐Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: de Oliveira‐Junior E. B. , Prando C. , Lopez J. A. , Arango J. C. , Buzolin M. , Rehder J. , Pedroza L. A. , Frazão J. B. , Dantas V. M. , Roxo‐Junior P. , Grumach A. S. , Costa‐Carvalho B. T. , Bustamante J. , Condino‐Neto A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImplementing precise techniques in routine diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), which expedite the screening of molecular defects, may be critical for a quick assumption of patient prognosis. This study compared the efficacy of single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and high‐performance liquid chromatography under partially denaturing conditions (dHPLC) for screening mutations in CGD patients. We selected 10 male CGD patients with a clinical history of severe recurrent infections and abnormal respiratory burst function. gDNA, mRNA and cDNA samples were prepared by standard methods. CYBB exons were amplified by PCR and screened by SSCP or dHPLC. Abnormal DNA fragments were sequenced to reveal the nature of the mutations. The SSCP and dHPLC methods showed DNA abnormalities, respectively, in 55% and 100% of the cases. Sequencing of the abnormal DNA samples confirmed mutations in all cases. Four novel mutations in CYBB were identified which were picked up only by the dHPLC screening (c.904 insC, c.141+5 g>t, c.553 T>C, and c.665 A>T). This work highlights the relevance of dHPLC, a sensitive, fast, reliable and cost‐effective method for screening mutations in CGD, which in combination with functional assays assessing the phagocyte respiratory burst will contribute to expedite the definitive diagnosis of X‐linked CGD, direct treatment, genetic counselling and to have a clear assumption of the prognosis. This strategy is especially suitable for developing countries.
The rs150311303 Polymorphism in FcγRIIa Enhances IgG Binding Capacity
Authors: Omar A. H. , Shibata H. , Yasunami M. , Yamazaki A. , Ofori M. F. , Akanmori B. D. , Shuaibu M. N. , Kikuchi M. , Hirayama K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFc gamma receptor (FcγR) provides an important link between humoral and cellular immune responses. FcγRIIa‐H131R polymorphism has been associated with differential binding to IgG subclasses and susceptibility to severe malaria phenotypes among different populations in the malaria endemic world. In this study, the effect of FCGR2A gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to symptomatic malaria among Ghanaian cohort children was investigated. Blood samples from four hundred and 29 (429) healthy Ghanaian children were genotyped for FCGR2A polymorphisms by direct DNA sequencing. Attributable and relative risks to symptomatic malaria were calculated for the polymorphic variants. Two major FCGR2A polymorphisms, rs1801274A/G (FcγRIIa‐H131R) and rs150311303 (FcγRIIa‐ins170L), were identified in the study population, and assessment of their risks did not show significant association with susceptibility to symptomatic malaria. The functional significance of these polymorphisms was also examined by evaluating their binding abilities to IgG subclasses using flow cytometric analysis of HEK cells transfected with the FcγRIIa haplotype variants. The binding assay revealed the rs150311303, which was observed only among carriers of the FcγRIIa‐131RR genotype for the rs1801274 to consistently enhance binding capacities to all IgG subclasses. Thus, of the three FcγRIIa haplotype variants observed in this study population, the FcγRIIaRL haplotype variant was observed to have the highest binding ability to IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4.
An update on treatment of onychomycosis
Authors: Grover Chander , Khurana Ananta 
Published: April 2012

SummaryOnychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nail plate or nail bed which is highly prevalent in the general population and also responsible for significant morbidity. The condition needs to be treated in view of the physical and emotional handicap it produces. The peculiarities of the nail apparatus in health and disease lead to difficulties in being able to successfully treat this condition. Hence, the very same antifungals which produce high cure rates in skin infections are rendered less efficacious in nail disease. Low cure rates and high relapse rates even with highly efficacious antifungals have lead to an increasing interest in exploring newer treatment options which can ensure drug penetration, drug persistence, mycological cure and effective prevention of relapse. The current review aims to summarize our current status of knowledge about the treatment options for OM. It also summarizes the newer areas of research especially with respect to devices related therapies; physical measures to enhance penetration through nail; and development and evaluation of synergistic combinations.
Rodent motor and neuropsychological behaviour measured in home cages using the integrated modular platform SmartCage™
Authors: Khroyan Taline V , Zhang Jingxi , Yang Liya , Zou Bende , Xie James , Pascual Conrado , Malik Adam , Xie Julian , Zaveri Nurulain T , Vazquez Jacqueline , Polgar Willma , Toll Lawrence , Fang Jidong , Xie Xinmin 
Published: April 2012

Summary

To facilitate investigation of diverse rodent behaviours in rodents’ home cages, we have developed an integrated modular platform, the SmartCage™ system (AfaSci, Inc. Burlingame, CA, USA), which enables automated neurobehavioural phenotypic analysis and in vivo drug screening in a relatively higher‐throughput and more objective manner.
The individual platform consists of an infrared array, a vibration floor sensor and a variety of modular devices. One computer can simultaneously operate up to 16 platforms via USB cables.
The SmartCage™ detects drug‐induced increases and decreases in activity levels, as well as changes in movement patterns. Wake and sleep states of mice can be detected using the vibration floor sensor. The arousal state classification achieved up to 98% accuracy compared with results obtained by electroencephalography and electromyography. More complex behaviours, including motor coordination, anxiety‐related behaviours and social approach behaviour, can be assessed using appropriate modular devices and the results obtained are comparable with results obtained using conventional methods.
In conclusion, the SmartCage™ system provides an automated and accurate tool to quantify various rodent behaviours in a ‘stress‐free’ environment. This system, combined with the validated testing protocols, offers powerful a tool kit for transgenic phenotyping and in vivo drug screening.
Pregnancy complicated by uterine sacculation due to a huge myoma
Authors: Shima Eiri , Serikawa Takehiro , Itsukaichi Mina , Haino Kazufumi , Ooki Izumi , Takakuwa Koichi , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUterine sacculation is rare complication affecting the pregnant uterus, and is difficult to diagnose. Sacculation consists of a transitory pouch or sac‐like structure caused by inverted uterine polarity. Vaginal delivery is difficult, and even cesarean section can be difficult because of peculiar risks associated with uterine sacculation. We report a pregnant patient with posterior sacculation due to a huge myoma in the lower anterior uterine segment. Sacculation, especially that complicated by a huge myoma, is very difficult to accurately diagnose and makes cesarean section surgery challenging. Because of the myoma in our present case, opening the lower uterine segment was impossible with cesarean section. The uterus was instead opened by corporeal vertical cesarean section. Myomectomy was not performed and the giant myoma thus remained. Postoperative assessment revealed the uterus to still be retroverted. The giant myoma was the cause of sacculation in this case.
Physical, psychological and sexual effects in multi‐ethnic Malaysian women who have undergone hysterectomy
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Arumugam Kulenthran 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  The postoperative effects on Asian women after hysterectomy have not been fully explored. This study was undertaken to investigate the physical, psychological and sexual functioning effects in multi‐ethnic Malaysian women who have undergone hysterectomy.Material and Methods:  A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study was conducted on women who underwent hysterectomy at the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic, University of Malaya Medical Center between November 2008 and October 2009.Results:  Postoperative physical and psychological effects were common. Participants with higher household income had a significantly lower number of physical and psychological problems. Young women were more likely to experience psychological effects. There were significant differences between ethnic groups in physical and psychological symptoms. A multivariate model to determine factors associated with sexual functioning identified the importance of sexual relationship, spouse or partner's attitudes, and ethnic groups as significant covariates.Conclusion:  The findings underscore the importance of ethnic‐based approaches to counseling to mitigate the psychological effects of hysterectomy and to focus on young women with low socioeconomic status.
Bladder drainage during labor: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rivard Colleen , Awad Michael , Liebermann Maike , DeJong Megan , Massey Sarita M. , Sinacore Jim , Brubaker Linda 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To compare two bladder draining methods during labor on time to delivery, cost and nursing preference.Material and Methods:  This trial randomized 139 women with singleton pregnancies in active labor or undergoing induction of labor. Eligibility required an anticipated vaginal delivery with a clinical indication for bladder catheterization (epidural). Participants were randomly assigned to either indwelling or intermittent catheterization. The primary outcome was time to delivery; secondary outcomes were nurse preference, cost and route of delivery. A sample size of 138 women would be needed for 80% power to detect a 30 min difference in the time to delivery interval with a 0.05 alpha error.Results:  Outcome data was available for 138 patients (72 indwelling and 66 intermittent). The time to delivery was similar among the two groups (13.8 h for indwelling and 14.4 h for intermittent). Route of delivery and cost estimate was similar in both groups; however, nurses preferred the indwelling method.Conclusion:  Indwelling catheterization is recommended as the standard method for bladder drainage in laboring women with epidural.
Obstetric and gynecological outcome in a patient with traumatic pelvic fracture and perineal injuries
Authors: Goswami Deepti , Kochhar Puneet Kaur , Suri Tarun , Zutshi Vijay , Batra Swaraj 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA 19‐year‐old woman presented with pelvic trauma following a road accident. She was hemodynamically stable. Examination revealed perineal injuries and type C pelvic fracture, which was stabilized with an external fixator. The broken ends of the pubic bone were brought together by an orthopedic wire. The detached vaginal wall and torn anal sphincter were surgically repaired after making a diverting colostomy. The postoperative period was uneventful. Colostomy was reversed after 3 months. Postoperatively the patient developed a cystocele, dyspareunia and vaginal pain. She conceived spontaneously and was planned for an elective cesarean at 37 weeks gestation; however, she presented in labor at 36 weeks and had a normal vaginal delivery. Pelvic fractures may be associated with genitourinary and anal sphincter injuries, which require management by a multidisciplinary team. On recovery the patient may develop prolapse, dyspareunia and persistent local pain. Spontaneous conception and normal vaginal delivery are nevertheless possible.