bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carvedilol in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Oyama Mark A. , Sisson D. David , Prošek Robert , Bulmer Barret J. , Luethy Mike W. , Fuentes Virginia Luis 
Published: March 2010

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by reduced systolic function, heightened sympathetic tone, and high morbidity and mortality. Little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of ß‐blocker treatment in dogs with DCM.Hypothesis: Carvedilol improves echocardiographic and neurohormonal variables in dogs with DCM over a 4‐month treatment period.Methods: Prospective, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded randomized study. Dogs with DCM underwent echocardiography, ECG, thoracic radiographs, and neurohormonal profiling, followed by titration onto Carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg q12h) or placebo over a 4‐week period and subsequently received 3 months of therapy. Primary study endpoints included left ventricular volume and function.Results: Sixteen dogs received carvedilol and 7 received placebo. At study end, 13 carvedilol dogs and 5 placebo dogs were alive. There was no difference in the mean percentage change in left ventricular volume at end‐diastole (LVVd), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVVs), and ejection fraction (EF) between treatment groups, suggesting that both groups experienced similar amounts of disease progression. Carvedilol treatment did not result in significant changes in neurohormonal activation, radiographic heart size, heart rate, or owner perceived quality‐of‐life. Baseline B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) predicted dogs in the carvedilol‐treated group that maintained or improved their EF over the study duration.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Carvedilol administration did not improve echocardiographic or neurohormonal indicators of heart function. The lack of effect may be related to severity of disease, carvedilol dose, or brevity of follow‐up time. Statistical power of the present study was adversely affected by a high fatality rate in study dogs and small sample size.
Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypothyroid, Hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Vitale Christina L. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Hypothyroidism has been associated with a variety of neurologic signs, but the mechanism for this association is not completely understood. Hypothyroidism also is associated with hyperlipidemia that predisposes to atherosclerosis, increased blood viscosity, and thromboembolic events.Objective: The objective is to characterize neurologic signs potentially associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in canine hypothyroidism.Animals: This study used dogs referred to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of neurologic signs.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which medical records of dogs with neurologic signs and a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia were reviewed. Details of the history, presenting signs, results of routine blood tests, thyroid tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and diagnostic imaging, and response to therapy were compiled.Results: Three Labrador Retrievers and one Labrador Retriever cross fit the inclusion criteria. All dogs were hypothyroid and severely hyperlipidemic. Neurologic signs included tetraparesis, central and peripheral vestibular signs, facial paralysis, and paraparesis. Two dogs had an acute history and rapid resolution of signs consistent with an infarct, the presence of which was confirmed in 1 of the dogs by magnetic resonance imaging. Two dogs had chronic histories of cranial neuropathies and paraparesis. One of these dogs had evidence of iliac thrombosis and atherosclerosis on ultrasound examination. All dogs improved with thyroid hormone supplementation.Clinical Relevance:Labrador Retrievers may be predisposed to the development of severe hyperlipidemia in association with hypothyroidism. One possible consequence of severe hyperlipidemia is the development of neurologic signs due to atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events.
Clinical Characterization of a Familial Degenerative Myelopathy in Pembroke Welsh Corgi Dogs
Authors: Coates Joan R. , March Philip A. , Oglesbee Michael , Ruaux Craig G. , Olby Natasha J. , Berghaus Roy D. , O'Brien Dennis P. , Keating John H. , Johnson Gary S. , Williams David A. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Adult dogs with degenerative myelopathy (DM) have progressive ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, leading to paraplegia and euthanasia. Although most commonly reported in German Shepherd dogs, high disease prevalence exists in other breeds.Objective: Our aim was the clinical and histopathologic characterization of familial degenerative myelopathy (FDM) in Pembroke Welsh Corgi (PWC) dogs.Animals: Twenty‐one PWCs were prospectively studied from initial diagnosis until euthanasia.Methods: Neurologic examination, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electrodiagnostic testing, and spinal imaging were performed. Concentrations of 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐isoprostane) were measured in CSF. Routine histochemistry was used for neuropathology. Deoxyribonucleic acid and pedigrees were collected from 110 dogs.Results: Median duration of clinical signs before euthanasia was 19 months. Median age at euthanasia was 13 years. All dogs were nonambulatory paraparetic or paraplegic, and 15 dogs had thoracic limb weakness at euthanasia. Electrodiagnostic testing and spinal imaging were consistent with noncompressive myelopathy. No significant difference was detected in 8‐isoprostane concentrations between normal and FDM‐affected dogs. Axonal and myelin degeneration of the spinal cord was most severe in the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus. Pedigree analysis suggested a familial disease.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Clinical progression of FDM in PWC dogs was similar to that observed in other breeds but characterized by a longer duration. Spinal cord pathology predominates as noninflammatory axonal degeneration. Oxidative stress injury associated with 8‐isoprostane production is not involved in the pathogenesis of FDM‐affected PWC dogs. A familial disease is suspected.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Feline Fibrosarcoma with Recombinant Feline Interferon‐ω
Authors: Hampel Verena , Schwarz Bianca , Kempf Christine , Köstlin Roberto , Schillinger Ulrike , Küchenhoff Helmut , Fenske Nora , Brill Thomas , Hirschberger Johannes 
Published: March 2010

Background: Recombinant feline interferon‐ω (rFeIFN‐ω) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility.Hypothesis: Treatment with rFeIFN‐ω in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible.Animals: Twenty domestic cats.Methods: In an open‐labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 × 106U/kg rFeIFN‐ω were administered over a 5‐week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN‐ω. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN‐ω and recombinant feline interferon‐γ was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN‐ω.Results: Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate‐amino‐transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P= .025), neutropenia (P= .021), and weight loss (P< .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN‐ω‐treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN‐ω). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P= .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN‐ω, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: RFeIFN‐ω for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo‐controlled trial.
Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Intracavitary Administration of Pegylated Liposomal Encapsulated Doxorubicin in Dogs with Splenic Hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Sorenmo Karin , Samluk Marissa , Clifford Craig , Baez Jennifer , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Poppenga Robert , Overley Beth , Skorupski Katherine , Oberthaler Karen , Winkle Tom Van , Seller Gabriela , Shofer Frances 
Published: March 2010

Background: Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a fatal malignancy, and most affected dogs die within a few months of diagnosis. Most dogs present with signs from tumor rupture, resulting in hemoabdomen and intra‐abdominal dissemination. The abdomen is also the main site of disease recurrence.Hypothesis: Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of doxorubicin will delay or prevent intra‐abdominal tumor recurrence and prolong survival in dogs with HSA.Animals: Fourteen dogs with splenic HSA.Methods: A prospective, unmasked, uncontrolled clinical trial. After staging of disease status and splenectomy, pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg body weight) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. All dogs were monitored for recurrence of HSA. Samples of plasma and abdominal fluid were collected for measurement of doxorubicin concentration and pharmacokinetic analysis. Nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of liposomal doxorubicin administered IP.Results: All 14 dogs died, 12 because of HSA and 2 from other causes. Postmortem examination was performed on 12 dogs. All 12 dogs died because of HSA‐related causes and had hepatic metastases and hemoabdomen. The IP‐treated dogs had fewer serosal, mesenteric, and omental metastases than historical controls treated with systemic doxorubicin. Results of the postmortem examination and pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that IP delivery of doxorubicin resulted in an effective drug concentration with a clearance comparable with that after IV delivery.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: IP pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin administration did not prevent intra‐abdominal recurrence of HSA in dogs.
Comparison of COAP and UW‐19 Protocols for Dogs with Multicentric Lymphoma
Authors: Hosoya Kenji , Kisseberth William C. , Lord Linda K. , Alvarez Francisco J. , Lara‐Garcia Ana , Kosarek Carrie E. , London Cheryl A. , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: March 2010

Background: Various chemotherapy protocols for treating lymphoma in dogs have been published; however, comparison of protocols from different studies is difficult, especially when evaluating survival time and toxicoses.Hypothesis: The choice of COAP (C, cyclophosphamide; O, vincristine; A, cytosine arabinoside; P, prednisone) and a modified University of Wisconsin 19‐week (UW‐19) induction protocol has no influence on overall survival times in dogs with lymphoma.Animals: One hundred and one dogs with multicentric lymphoma.Methods: Retrospective study (2001–2006). Dogs induced with either an 8‐week COP‐based protocol (C, cyclophosphamide; O, vincristine; and P, prednisone) with maintenance therapy (COAP group) or a 19‐week CHOP (C, cyclophosphamide; H, doxorubicin; O, vincristine; and P, prednisone) based protocol (UW‐19 group) were compared in terms of the duration of first remission, survival time, toxicoses, and cost.Results: There were 71 dogs in the COAP group and 30 dogs in the UW‐19 group. Various protocols were used after the first relapse. The median duration of the first remission for the COAP and UW‐19 groups were 94 days (range, 6–356 days) and 174 days (28–438 days), respectively (P< .01). The median survival times for dogs in the COAP and UW‐19 groups were 309 days (6–620 days) and 275 days (70–1102+ days), respectively (P= .09). Dogs in the COAP group had a hazard ratio of 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.4) for death relative to the UW‐19 group (P= .03), after controlling for the confounders (World Health Organization clinical stage, age, sex, use of doxorubicin during reinduction). The severity of neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicoses were significantly higher in the UW‐19 group than in the COAP group (P= .01 andP< .01, respectively).Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Use of a long‐term doxorubicin‐containing sequential combination chemotherapy protocol is associated with a decreased risk of relapse and death relative to a non‐doxorubicin‐containing protocol.
Comparison of 3 Protocols for Treatment after Induction of Remission in Dogs with Lymphoma
Authors: Rassnick Kenneth M. , McEntee Margaret C. , Erb Hollis N. , Burke Blaise P. , Balkman Cheryl E. , Flory Andrea B. , Kiselow Michael A. , Autio Karoliina , Gieger Tracy L. 
Published: March 2010

Background: The optimal treatment after inducing complete remission (CR) in dogs with lymphoma has not been established. Hypothesis: After inducing CR with L‐asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone (L‐CHOP); consolidation with either half‐body radiation therapy (HBRT); or lomustine (CCNU) and mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) would improve first remission duration compared with continuing a CHOP‐based protocol for an additional 4 months. Animals: Dogs with stage III‐V lymphoma. Methods: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs initially were treated with an 8‐week induction protocol that consisted of L‐CHOP. Dogs in CR after induction were then allocated to 1 of 2 consolidation arms. A chemotherapy consolidation arm consisted of 2 treatments with CCNU and 1 cycle of MOPP. A HBRT arm consisted of 2 sequential 8.0‐Gy fractions to the cranial and caudal half‐body separated by 30 days. Vincristine was given between fractions. Results of the consolidation arms also were compared with a historical group treated with the same 8‐week induction protocol followed by CHOP therapy until week 24. Results: Overall, 67% of the dogs were in CR after 8 weeks of induction chemotherapy and were compared. Fifty‐two dogs were in the historical arm, 23 in the CCNU/MOPP arm, and 27 in the HBRT arm. No difference in first remission duration was found among groups. Median first remission duration for the historical, CCNU/MOPP, and HBRT arms were 307, 274, and 209 days, respectively (P= .28). Overall second CR rate was 82% and was not different among groups (all P > .58). Overall remission duration (P= .28) and survival time (P= .48) were not different among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Consolidation with either CCNU/MOPP or HBRT showed no advantage over a standard CHOP‐based protocol.
History and Clinical Features of Atypical Myopathy in Horses in Belgium (2000–2005)
Authors: Votion Dominique‐M. , Linden Annick , Saegerman Claude , Engels Patrick , Erpicum Michel , Thiry Etienne , Delguste Catherine , Rouxhet Serge , Demoulin Vincent , Navet Rachel , Sluse Francis , Serteyn Didier , van Galen Gaby , Amory Hélène 
Published: March 2010

Background: The emergent nature of atypical myopathy or atypical myoglobinuria (AM) necessitates precise description of its clinical and epidemiologic features. Purpose: To define key features of AM to help practitioners recognize the disease and to advise owners to take preventive measures. Animals: Belgian cases of AM confirmed by histology (CC horses; n = 57) from autumn 2000 to spring 2005 were included in the study. Co‐grazing horses (Co‐G horses; n = 77) that remained free of any abnormal clinical signs constituted a control group. Methods: History, environmental characteristics, clinical signs, and laboratory results associated with AM were determined by a retrospective case series study. Results: Young horses in poor or normal body condition were found to be at risk for AM. Pastures were characterized by poor natural drainage and vegetation of low nutritional value. Features of AM were seasonal occurrence, apparent link with weather conditions (ie, lack of solar radiation with no heavy frost and an excess of precipitation or relative humidity), sudden onset of clinical signs, and rapid death. Evaluation of serum creatine kinase activity indicated severe muscle destruction in CC horses and subclinical disease in a few Co‐G horses. Conclusions: The association of AM with specific environmental conditions and individual animals suggests that young horses should not be pastured on bare premises subject to humidity when the weather has been very wet and cold for several days. Management of AM outbreaks should include control of Co‐G horses who are apparently healthy.
Mushroom‐Derived Maitake PETfraction as Single Agent for the Treatment of Lymphoma in Dogs
Authors: Griessmayr P.C. , Gauthier M. , Barber L.G. , Cotter S.M. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Maitake PETfraction is a standardized essence extracted from the mushroom Maitake (Grifola frondosd) that has antitumor activity in tumor‐bearing mice. In addition, PETfraction induces apoptosis in human prostate and bladder cancer cells and suppresses the proliferation in vitro of several canine tumor cell lines, such as lymphoma (Cl‐1), mammary gland (CF33), and connective tissue (CF21).Hypothesis: Maitake PETfraction is effective as a single agent in dogs with lymphoma.Animals: Fifteen dogs with confirmed intermediate or high‐grade lymphoma were enrolled into this prospective, noncontrolled, clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were an expected survival time of at least 2 weeks and no major organ dysfunction.Methods: Maitake PETfraction was administered at a dose of 3 drops/kg/day divided into 2 doses given 1 hour before feeding. Dogs were evaluated by physical examination with tumor measurement, body weight, CBC, and chemistry profile before treatment and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At each visit, owners completed a questionnaire addressing overall quality of life, appetite, and any adverse effects noted.Results: A decrease in lymph node size of greater than 50% (objective response) was not seen in any of the dogs. Thirteen dogs developed progressive disease before the 4th week. The median treatment duration was 27 days (range, 9–228). PETfraction was well accepted, and minimal adverse effects were observed. Two dogs developed hyphema. It was not known if this was related to progressive lymphoma or was an adverse effect of treatment.Conclusions: No objective responses were observed to administration of Maitake PETfraction, and the drug was well tolerated in these dogs.
Clinicopathologic Features and Outcome Predictors ofLeptospira interrogansAustralis Serogroup Infection in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases (2001–2004)
Authors: Mastrorilli Cinzia , Dondi Francesco , Agnoli Chiara , Turba Maria Elena , Vezzali Enrico , Gentilini Fabio 
Published: March 2010

Background and Hypothesis: We retrospectively evaluated the Clinicopathologic findings and outcome predictors in dogs withLeptospira interrogansAustralis serogroup infections.Animals and Methods: The medical records of 159 dogs that had a leptospiral microscopic agglutination test (MAT) performed between 2001 and 2004 were reviewed.Results: Twenty dogs met serologic criteria for either symptomatic (16 dogs) or asymptomatic (4 dogs) infection caused byLeptospira interrogansAustralis serogroup. Seven of 16 symptomatic dogs died or were euthanized and 9/16 recovered. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was observed in 9/16 dogs. The presence of SIRS did not affect prognosis (P= .357). C‐reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (Hpt) concentrations were altered in all symptomatic dogs, but results did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors (P= .08 andP= .055, respectively). Conversely, the CRP to Hpt ratio (CRP/Hpt) was significantly increased in nonsurvivors. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed in 7/16 dogs. DIC did not significantly affect outcome (P= .126). Multiple organ involvement was present with renal failure in 16/16, liver damage in 12/16, cardiac damage in 11/16, and muscular damage in 8/16 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Among the evaluated Clinicopathologic biomarkers, serum albumin, cardiac troponin I, CRP/Hpt, urinary albumin, and urinary total protein to creatinine ratio were found to predict outcome and warrant evaluation in larger prospective studies.
Evaluation of Clinical, Macroscopic, and Histopathologic Response to Treatment in Nonhypoproteinemic Dogs with Lymphocytic‐Plasmacytic Enteritis
Authors: Garcia‐Sancho M. , Rodríguez‐Franco F. , Sainz A. , Mancho C. , Rodríguez A. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a common cause of chronic vomiting and diarrhea in dogs. However, little information is available about endoscopic or histopathologic improvement after therapy in dogs with LPE.Hypothesis: The objective was to study the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic evolution of LPE during and after immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone and metronidazole. Most dogs also were treated symptomatically with metoclopramide and cimetidine.Animals: Sixteen dogs with LPE and normal serum protein concentrations diagnosed at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Complutense University of Madrid were monitored during and after drug treatment. The control group consisted of 9 dogs that had no gastrointestinal signs for the preceding 12 months.Methods: In this prospective clinical treatment trial, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic scores were evaluated to describe disease evolution during conventional therapy. Dogs with LPE were monitored for 120 days from the start of treatment. Re‐evaluation was performed on post‐treatment days 30, 60, 90 (end of treatment), and 120.Results: The average disease activity index observed in our study fell progressively from its initial value, and the decrease between consecutive re‐evaluations was statistically significant until day 60 (P= .04). Our results indicate that 75% of the animals revealed improvement of endoscopic gastric lesions (defined as a reduction of the endoscopic score) after treatment, and 75% exhibited improvement of endoscopic duodenal lesions. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between pre‐ and post‐treatment gastric and duodenal macroscopic endoscopic lesions (P< .05). On the other hand, treatment did not lead to any significant changes in the severity of the gastric and duodenal histopathologic lesions of the affected dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Treatment of nonhypoproteinemic dogs with LPE led to clinical and endoscopic improvement, but histopathologic lesions were unchanged during therapy.