bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood quantitation of CD26 positive leukemic stem cells as a predictor of tyrosine kinase inhibitor response in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chaudhary Nitin , Rahman Khaliqur , Gupta Prakhar , Gupta Ruchi , Sarkar Manoj K. , Singh Manish K. , Chandra Dinesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Kashyap Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionLeukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the transcriptionally low/silent cells which are resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. These have been found to play a pivotal role in disease relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases. The present study evaluated the correlation of absolute CML‐LSC count in the peripheral blood (PB) at diagnosis and achievement of major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months in patients of CML‐CP.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, non‐interventional single center study including newly diagnosed adult (>18 yrs) CML‐CP patients. Absolute CD26 + CML‐LSC quantification was done by multiparametric flow cytometry. Patients were treated with Imatinib treatment and subsequently monitored at 3‐month intervals for BCR::ABL transcript levels. MMR was defined as a BCR::ABL1 transcript level of less than 0.1% on international scale.ResultsA total of 89 patients were enrolled in the study out of which 40.5% achieved MMR at 12 months. There was a significant difference in the median absolute CML‐LSC count of the patients who achieved MMR at 12 months as compared to those who did not (58.5 vs 368.1 cells/μL; p value <0.001). Using a ROC analysis, a count of <165.69 CML LSC/μL was identified to have a sensitivity of 83.8% and specificity of 72.4%, in predicting the MMR at 12 months.ConclusionAbsolute CML‐LSC count at diagnosis in the PB predicts the MMR achievement at 12 months. An absolute count of less than 165 cells/μL is highly predictive of achieving MMR at 12 months.
Analysis of flow cytometry data from ultrasound‐guided lymph node biopsies with two types of needles
Authors: Jin Xin , Jiang Huifang , Jiang Yuxia , Chen Zhilu , Zhou Wenfei , Pan Qing , Tian Shuyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we combined two techniques, ultrasound‐guided needle biopsy and flow cytometry (FCM), to explore their value in patients with enlarged lymph nodes.MethodsWe compared the results of 198 needle biopsies on FCM and pathology. Forty‐two were done by (fine needle aspiration, FNA), and the remaining 156 with (core needle biopsy, CNB), in 36 of 156 patients, a FNA was performed in the same lymph node after completion of the CNB. Except for five types of pathological entities, the rest were differentiated only detected or undetected tumours as the outcome distinction.ResultsAmong the 198 needle biopsies, 13 were inadequate specimens, while the remaining 185 had pathological findings, including 47 benign and 138 neoplastic findings. Thirty‐six patients underwent puncture with both FNA and CNB, both needles produced identical results by FCM, but more cells were obtained by FNA. Among the pathologically positive results, there were 23 missed diagnoses in FCM, in contrast, evidence of tumours was observed in the FCM images of 15 needle biopsies that reported benign or findings that were inconsistent with pathology, and the final diagnosis was consistent with the FCM in 10 cases. FCM detected haematolymphoid tumours with a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 91.9%.ConclusionThe combination of FCM and ultrasound‐guided lymph node needle biopsy can quickly provide guidance for clinical decision‐making. We recommend that all lymph node needle biopsies be sent for FCM, the specimen can be obtained by the last puncture with FNA.
Hierarchically porous Ca3Co4O9 ceramics prepared by freeze casting: Emerging ultra‐low thermal conductivity and apparent anisotropy
Authors: Shi Zongmo , Han Zhen , Xing Fei , Zhang Ying , Xu Jie , Chen Chanli , Zhang Junzhan , Yuan Hudie , Zhang Xinwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe freeze‐casting method shows great potential for environmentally friendly and industrial scale‐up application in thermoelectric materials due to low cost, low toxicity, and pore control. The porous Ca3Co4O9 ceramics with anisotropic thermoelectric performance were fabricated by the freeze‐casting method. High porosities, hierarchical pores, and three‐dimensional (3D) networks significantly contributed to the suppressed thermal conductivity. An ultralow total thermal conductivity of 0.21 W/(m·K) was obtained. The optimized freeze‐casting conditions gave rise to a Seebeck coefficient of 232.3 µV/K. In addition, the ZT value of 0.39 was obtained at 800°C due to the manipulation of hierarchically connected pores and small portions of isolated hexagonal pores. This work provides a new route to form the 3D pores network in oxide thermoelectric ceramics, leading to a decrease in thermal conductivity and optimized thermoelectric performance parallel to the freeze‐casting direction.
Baicalin alleviates angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy and modulates the AMPK/mTOR pathway
Authors: Cheng Ying , Yan Mengchao , He Shuyu , Xie Yi , Wei Lihui , Xuan Bihan , Shang Zucheng , Wu Meizhu , Zheng Huifang , Chen Youqin , Yuan Meng , Peng Jun , Shen Aling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a main extraction compound from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Baicalin exhibits various biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of Baicalin on hypertension‐induced heart injury remains unclear. In vivo, mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 500 ng/kg/min) or saline using osmotic pumps, followed by intragastrically administrated with Baicalin (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. In vitro, H9C2 cells were stimulated with Ang II (1 μM) and treated with Baicalin (12.5, 25 and 50 μM). Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, increase in left ventricular mass, left ventricular systolic volume and left ventricular diastolic volume of Ang II infused mice. Moreover, Baicalin treatment reversed 314 differentially expressed transcripts in the cardiac tissues of Ang II infused mice, and enriched multiple enriched signalling pathways (including apoptosis, autophagy, AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway). Consistently, Baicalin treatment significantly alleviated Ang II‐induced cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Baicalin treatment reversed the up‐regulation of Bax, cleaved‐caspase 3, cleaved‐caspase 9, and the down‐regulation of Bcl‐2. Meanwhile, Baicalin treatment alleviated Ang II‐induced increase of autophagosomes, restored autophagic flux, and down‐regulated LC3II, Beclin 1, as well as up‐regulated SQSTM1/p62 expression. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine treatment alleviated the increase of autophagosomes and the up‐regulation of Beclin 1, LC3II, Bax, cleaved‐caspase 3, cleaved‐caspase 9, down‐regulation of SQSTM1/p62 and Bcl‐2 expression after Ang II treated, which similar to co‐treatment with Baicalin. Baicalin treatment reduced the ratio of p‐AMPK/AMPK, while increased the ratio of p‐mTOR/mTOR. Baicalin alleviated Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy, which might be related to the inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Perceptibility and acceptability of lightness difference of a single maxillary central incisor
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Diamantopoulou Sofia , Johnston William Michael , Papazoglou Efstratios 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the lightness difference perceptibility and acceptability thresholds, for a single maxillary central incisor, and to investigate possible differences in these thresholds regarding the direction (+ΔL* vs. −ΔL*), the observer group (dentists vs. laypersons), and the gender and age of the observers.Materials and MethodsA series of images with varying lightness (L*), were created by altering the right maxillary central incisor of a male Caucasian, on a frontal view full‐portrait image. Digital modification of one central incisor by 1 ΔL* unit resulted in 15 different images: one control, seven with increased and seven with decreased lightness. The images were presented in random order, on a digitally calibrated monitor, to 158 observers, grouped into 79 dentists, and 79 laypersons, who were asked to evaluate every image and answer whether they perceive a difference and if yes, whether they accept this difference. A multifactorial analysis of covariance was performed to analyze the perception and acceptance of any difference in the central incisors and to estimate the thresholds. The statistical significance level was α = 0.05.ResultsOverall, the magnitude of ΔL*, direction of ΔL*, observer group and age were each significant (p < 0.001), as was gender (p = 0.03). The effect of the magnitude of ΔL* interacted with its direction and the observer group (p = 0.045), and the effect of age interacted with the direction of ΔL*, and the gender and the group of the observers. Estimated 50%:50% perceptibility thresholds ranged from 0.1 to 2.7, and 50%:50% acceptability thresholds ranged from 2.3 to 4.5. Overall, dentists perceived lightness differences at lower magnitudes than laypersons; difference in lightness was perceived and accepted at lower magnitudes when the tooth become lighter instead of darker; and female observers perceived and accepted lightness differences at lower magnitudes compared to males. As age increased overall, differences of lightness were perceived and accepted at higher magnitudes.ConclusionsPerceptibility and acceptability of lightness differences of a single maxillary central incisor are affected by the magnitude and the direction of lightness change, as well as the gender, the age, and the type of the observers.Clinical SignificanceEven small changes in lightness are perceivable; however, thresholds of perception and acceptance are dependent on the magnitude and the direction of change and are also dependent on the observer, with women, dentists and younger people perceiving and accepting changes at lower magnitudes of ΔL*.
The economics of copyright in the digital age
Authors: Peukert Christian , Windisch Margaritha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntellectual property rights are fundamental to how economies organize innovation and steer the diffusion of knowledge. Copyright law, in particular, has developed constantly to keep up with emerging technologies and the interests of creators, consumers, and intermediaries of the different creative industries. We provide a synthesis of the literature on the law and economics of copyright in the digital age, with a particular focus on the available empirical evidence. First, we discuss the legal foundations of the copyright system and developments of length and scope throughout the era of digitization. Second, we review the literature on technological change with its opportunities and challenges for the stakeholders involved. We give special attention to empirical evidence on online copyright enforcement, changes in the supply of works due to digital technology, and the importance of creative re‐use and new licensing and business models. We then set out avenues for further research identifying critical gaps in the literature regarding the scope of empirical copyright research, the effects of technology that enables algorithmic licensing, and copyright issues related to software, data and artificial intelligence.
Skin colour: A window into human phenotypic evolution and environmental adaptation
Authors: Liu Jiuming , Bitsue Habtom K. , Yang Zhaohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs modern humans ventured out of Africa and dispersed around the world, they faced novel environmental challenges that led to geographic adaptations including skin colour. Over the long history of human evolution, skin colour has changed dramatically, showing tremendous diversity across different geographical regions, for example, the majority of individuals from the expansive lands of Africa have darker skin, whereas the majority of people from Eurasia exhibit lighter skin. What adaptations did lighter skin confer upon modern humans as they migrated from Africa to Eurasia? What genetic mechanisms underlie the diversity of skin colour observed in different populations? In recent years, scientists have gradually gained a deeper understanding of the interactions between pigmentation gene and skin colour through population‐based genomic studies of different groups around the world, particularly in East Asia and Africa. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of 26 skin colour‐related pigmentation genes and 48 SNPs that influence skin colour. Important pigmentation genes across three major populations are described in detail: MFSD12, SLC24A5, PDPK1 and DDB1/CYB561A3/TMEM138 influence skin colour in African populations; OCA2, KITLG, SLC24A2, GNPAT and PAH are key to the evolution of skin pigmentation in East Asian populations; and SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TYR, TYRP1, ASIP, MC1R and IRF4 significantly contribute to the lightening of skin colour in European populations. We summarized recent findings in genomic studies of skin colour in populations that implicate diverse geographic environments, local adaptation among populations, gene flow and multi‐gene interactions as factors influencing skin colour diversity.
Displacement sensing based on microscopic vision with high resolution and large measuring range
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Li Weijie , Zhao Xuefeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroimage strain sensing (MISS) is a novel piston‐type sensor based on microscopic vision. In this study, optical disc slice is used as information carriers to improve MISS. There are multiple pits on the surface of an optical disc. By using machine vision algorithms, the pits can be converted into digital information, making them scales for recording displacements. By this means, we proposed a sensing method that combines high resolution, wide range, and strong robustness. The study measured displacement under different conditions. To address inevitable factors such as pixel drift, and manufacturing errors, corresponding compensation methods were provided. The results show that the measurements closely match those of the linear variable differential transformer, with a resolution of up to 20 nm and a range approaching the sensor size. Despite the sensor's dependence on machine vision, it demonstrates strong resistance to environmental factors such as brightness and angle. Combining compensation methods for pixel drift, and manufacturing errors, this sensor can be well‐applied in various working conditions.
First detection of triazole‐resistant aspergillus fumigatus harbouring the TR34/L98H Cyp51A mutation in Burkina Faso
Authors: Yerbanga Isidore W. , Lagrou Katrien , Merckx Rita , Nakanabo Diallo Seydou , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Delabarre Aymeric , Denis Olivier , Rodriguez‐Villalobos Hector , Montesinos Isabel , Bamba Sanata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTriazole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (TRAF) isolates are a growing public health problem with worldwide distribution. Epidemiological data on TRAF is limited in Africa, particularly in West Africa.ObjectivesThis study aimed to screen for the environmental presence of TRAF isolates in the indoor air of two hospitals in Burkina Faso.Materials and MethodsAir samples were collected in wards housing patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis, namely infectious diseases ward, internal medicine ward, nephrology ward, pulmonology ward, medical emergency ward and paediatric ward. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with triazoles was used to screen the suspected TRAF isolates and EUCAST method to confirm the resistance of suspected isolates. Sequencing of cyp51A gene was used to identify the resistance mechanism of confirmed TRAF isolates.ResultsOf the 198 samples collected and analysed, 67 showed growth of A. fumigatus isolates. The prevalence of TRAF isolates was 3.23% (4/124). One TRAF isolate exhibited a pan‐triazole resistance. Sequencing of cyp51A gene identified the TR34/L98H mutation for this pan‐triazole resistant isolate. This study showed for the first time the circulation of the pan‐azole resistant isolate harbouring the TR34/L98H mutation in Burkina Faso.ConclusionsThese findings emphasise the need to map these TRAF isolates in all parts of Burkina Faso and to establish local and national continuous surveillance of environmental and clinical TRAF isolates in this country.
Inequality in an Equal Society
Authors: Harvey Laura A. , Mierau Jochen O. , Rockey James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA society in which everybody of a given age has the same income will exhibit substantial income and wealth inequality. We use this idea to empirically quantify inter‐cohort inequality – the share of observed inequality attributable to life‐cycle profiles of income and wealth – using data on male earnings and household wealth. We document that recent increases in income and wealth inequality in the USA and other developed countries are larger than observed rates would suggest due to favourable demographics. That is, while demographic change played a substantial role in the dynamics of income and wealth inequality until 1990, the stark increase in inequality in the USA and elsewhere ever since is despite not because of demographic change. Moreover, we show that there is important variation across countries in the level and trends in the extent of inequality that is due to lifecycle effects, and that taking this into account gives a more nuanced view of cross‐country comparisons.
Association between childhood obesity, trace elements, and heavy metals: Recent discoveries and future perspectives
Authors: González‐Domínguez Álvaro , Jurado‐Sumariva Lucía , González‐Domínguez Raúl 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTrace elements and heavy metals play pivotal roles in health status by regulating a myriad of vital biological functions. Abnormal metal homeostasis has been linked to a constellation of pathogenic complications, including oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, dyslipidemia, and impaired insulin‐mediated metabolism of carbohydrates, thereby increasing the odds of developing childhood obesity and related comorbidities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive revision of recent literature on the association between childhood obesity, trace elements, and heavy metals. Further, we emphasize on the crucial importance of addressing the influence that interindividual variability factors (e.g., sex, age, genetic determinants, concomitance of comorbidities, and environmental factors) may have in modulating the susceptibility to disease development. Altogether, this review article represents a concise guide to better understand the involvement of metals in childhood obesity pathogenesis and discusses future needs with the aim of establishing robust biomarkers in the context of precision medicine.
The use of sodium caseinate in the freezing of sheep semen
Authors: Salgado Letícia C. , Codognoto Viviane M. , Garcia Rodrigo , Canuto Lucas E. F. , Denadai Renan , Freitas‐Dell'Aqua Camila P. , Almeida Filho Rogério A. , Sitó‐Silva Luan , Crespilho André M. , Oba Eunice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the addition of 2% sodium caseinate in a commercial egg yolk‐based medium in frozen ovine semen. Eight Dorper males were used for the study. The ejaculate was divided into two portions and frozen without (G1) or with the addition of 2% sodium caseinate (G2). Kinetic parameters were evaluated using CASA (computer‐assisted sperm analysis), and membrane and acrosome integrity as well as oxidative stress were assessed using flow cytometry. After thawing, a thermoresistance test was conducted at time points T0 and T90. For the fertility test, 100 ewes were inseminated with semen from two rams selected based on in vitro parameters, one with good post‐thaw quality (+70% total motility) and the other with low post‐thaw quality (−55% total motility). For the fertility test, the females were divided into 4 groups for insemination: low‐quality ram without caseinate (GBS = 25) and with caseinate (GBC = 25), and high‐quality ram without caseinate (GAS = 25) and with caseinate (GAC = 25). Regarding the results of sperm kinetics, there was a statistically significant difference in the parameters of average path velocity (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) between the group frozen with BotuBov and the group with added caseinate. At time point T90, straight‐line velocity maintained a trend (p < .06), with BotuBov® (BB group) being superior to caseinate this time, and in the linearity parameter, caseinate was superior to BotuBov®. Flow cytometry analysis showed no difference between any of the evaluated tests. In the fertility test, there was no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy rate between the BotuBOV® group (23%, 11/48) and the sodium caseinate group (BC group) (33%, 17/52), and no differences were observed in the male versus diluent interaction (p = .70). In conclusion, sodium caseinate supplementation did not influence sperm kinetic parameters and the fertility of sheep.
Association of general anxiety and pediatric dental preventive examination utilization, National Survey of Children's Health, 2021
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Waters Christopher , Bhandari Ruchi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMany factors influence preventive dental health service access for children. The objective of this research was to examine one factor, general anxiety, in accessing at least one preventive dental examination in the past 12 months in children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) and children without special healthcare needs (CWSHCN).MethodsNational Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2021 were obtained for this cross‐sectional research. Chi‐square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine association of anxiety and past 12‐month preventive dental examinations.ResultsThe sample included 10 493 CSHCN, and 35 675 CWSHCN. Overall, 72.7% had past 12‐month preventive dental examinations, and 9.9% had a healthcare provider indicate they had general anxiety. CSHCN with anxiety, CWSHCN with anxiety, and CSHCN without anxiety were more likely to have a past 12‐month preventive dental examination visit than CWSHCN without anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratios: 1.86, 1.39, 1.32, respectively).ConclusionOur results suggest children with general anxiety (both CSHCN and CWSHCN) are more likely to have had at least one regular preventive dental visit within the past 12 months than CWSHCN and without general anxiety. There is a need for further understanding the relationship of general anxiety and dental health to improve the health of all children.Practical implicationsCWSHCN without anxiety need individualized, comprehensive care with enough time, attention, instruction, and rewards to demonstrate to parents/guardians the importance of making routine preventive dental examinations a priority for their child.