bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional interventions and related efforts addressing undernutrition during rehabilitation after acquired brain injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Aadal Lena , Holst Mette , Poulsen Ingrid , Siig Margrethe , Odgaard Lene 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPatients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are at an increased risk of undernutrition due to the disease-related inflammation and other numerous symptoms that impact their nutrition. Unfortunately, recommendations related to nutritional interventions and related efforts vary. The objective of this scoping review is to map the body of literature on nutritional interventions and related efforts provided by health professionals, such as screening or assessments, addressing undernutrition in adults with a moderate to severe ABI during the subacute rehabilitation pathway.Methods and analysisThe review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The librarian-assisted search strategy will be conducted in the bibliographical databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and OpenGrey. Indexed and grey literature in English, German or Scandinavian languages from January 2010 will be considered for inclusion. Two independent reviewers will conduct the iterative process of screening the identified literature, paper selection and data extraction. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion until a consensus is reached. A template will be used to guide the data extraction. This scoping review will include research articles, methodological papers and clinical guidelines reporting on nutritional interventions or related efforts to prevent or address undernutrition in adult patients (≥18 years) with moderate to severe ABI within the first year after admission to rehabilitation hospital. We will map all kinds of nutritional efforts provided by professionals in different settings within high-income countries, including interventions targeting relatives.Ethics and disseminationThis review will involve the collection and analysis of secondary sources that have been published and/or are publicly available. Therefore, ethics approval is not required. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal, presented at scientific conferences and disseminated through digital science communication platforms.Study registrationOpen Science Framework:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H5GJX.
Real-world clinical validation of the Qatar pre-diabetes risk score: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sallahi Narjiss , Zainel Abduljaleel Abdullatif , Bensmail Halima None , Syed Mohamed Ahmed , Arredouani Abdelilah 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPre-diabetes stands as a prominent, independent risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with 5%–10% of individuals with pre-diabetes progressing to T2D annually. The effectiveness of rigorous lifestyle interventions in averting the transition from pre-diabetes to T2D has been substantiated across multiple investigations and populations. Consequently, the clinical imperative of early pre-diabetes detection becomes unequivocal. This study assessed the validity of the recently developed pre-diabetes risk score in Qatar (PRISQ) in a real-world clinical setting.Research design and methodsWe recruited 1021 walk-in participants from 3 different health centres of Qatar’s Primary Health Care Corporation. Only adult people without known pre-diabetes or diabetes were included in the study. Along with blood collected for the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test to confirm pre-diabetes, we recorded the age, gender, weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, nationality, smoking state and family history of diabetes. Negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of PRISQ were computed.ResultsOf the 1021 participants, 797 agreed to provide blood. HbA1ctest revealed that 21.9% of the 797 subjects had pre-diabetes (HbA1cbetween 5.7% and 6.5%) while 3.3% had undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c≥ 6.5%). Using a PRISQ cut-off of 16, PRISQ sensitivity exceeded 90% in all subgroups of individuals aged 40 years and above, regardless of ethnicity. We did not see any significant improvement in PRISQ sensitivity when we considered the family history of diabetes.ConclusionsWe confirmed a good PRISQ diagnostic rate for pre-diabetes from a representative sample of the Qatar population recruited in a real-world clinical setting. PRISQ can potentially play a significant role in curbing the T2D epidemic sweeping Qatar and beyond.
Deep learning-based classification of erosion, synovitis and osteitis in hand MRI of patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Schlereth Maja , Mutlu Melek Yalcin , Utz Jonas , Bayat Sara , Heimann Tobias , Qiu Jingna , Ehring Chris , Liu Chang , Uder Michael , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Roemer Frank , Schett Georg , Breininger Katharina , Fagni Filippo 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo train, test and validate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for the automated assessment of bone erosions, osteitis and synovitis in hand MRI of patients with inflammatory arthritis.MethodsHand MRIs (coronal T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat-suppressed, T1-weighted fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients from the rheumatology department of the Erlangen University Hospital were assessed by two expert rheumatologists using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-validated RA MRI Scoring System and PsA MRI Scoring System scores and were used to train, validate and test CNNs to automatically score erosions, osteitis and synovitis. Scoring performance was compared with human annotations in terms of macro-area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and balanced accuracy using fivefold cross-validation. Validation was performed on an independent dataset of MRIs from a second patient cohort.ResultsIn total, 211 MRIs from 112 patients (14 906 region of interests (ROIs)) were included for training/internal validation using cross-validation and 220 MRIs from 75 patients (11 040 ROIs) for external validation of the networks. The networks achieved high mean (SD) macro-AUC of 92%±1% for erosions, 91%±2% for osteitis and 85%±2% for synovitis. Compared with human annotation, CNNs achieved a high mean Spearman correlation for erosions (90±2%), osteitis (78±8%) and synovitis (69±7%), which remained consistent in the validation dataset.ConclusionsWe developed a CNN-based automated scoring system that allowed a rapid grading of erosions, osteitis and synovitis with good diagnostic accuracy and using less MRI sequences compared with conventional scoring. This CNN-based approach may help develop standardised cost-efficient and time-efficient assessments of hand MRIs for patients with arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis and changes on spirometry by smoking status in two prospective longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Hayashi Keigo , McDermott Gregory C , Juge Pierre-Antoine , Moll Matthew , Cho Michael H , Wang Xiaosong , Paudel Misti L , Doyle Tracy J , Kinney Gregory L , Sansone-Poe Danielle , Young Kendra , Dellaripa Paul F , Wallace Zachary S , Regan Elizabeth A , Hunninghake Gary M , Silverman Edwin K , Ash Samuel Y , San Jose Estepar Raul , Washko George R , Sparks Jeffrey A 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To compare longitudinal changes in spirometric measures between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA comparators.

Methods

We analysed longitudinal data from two prospective cohorts: the UK Biobank and COPDGene. Spirometry was conducted at baseline and a second visit after 5–7 years. RA was identified based on self-report and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use; non-RA comparators reported neither. The primary outcomes were annual changes in the per cent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
1
%) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%). Statistical comparisons were performed using multivariable linear regression. The analysis was stratified based on baseline smoking status and the presence of obstructive pattern (FEV
1
/FVC <0.7).

Results

Among participants who underwent baseline and follow-up spirometry, we identified 233 patients with RA and 37 735 non-RA comparators. Among never-smoking participants without an obstructive pattern, RA was significantly associated with more FEV
1
% decline (β=−0.49, p=0.04). However, in ever smokers with ≥10 pack-years, those with RA exhibited significantly less FEV
1
% decline than non-RA comparators (β=0.50, p=0.02). This difference was more pronounced among those with an obstructive pattern at baseline (β=1.12, p=0.01). Results were similar for FEV
1
/FVC decline. No difference was observed in the annual FVC% change in RA versus non-RA.

Conclusions

Smokers with RA, especially those with baseline obstructive spirometric patterns, experienced lower FEV
1
% and FEV
1
/FVC decline than non-RA comparators. Conversely, never smokers with RA had more FEV
1
% decline than non-RA comparators. Future studies should investigate potential treatments and the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases in smokers with RA.
Impact of premorbid hypertension and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on the severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a multicentre study
Authors: Zhong Ping , Lu Zhiwen , Li Zhangyu , Li Tianxiao , Lan Qing , Liu Jianmin , Chen Sifang , Wang Zhanxiang , Huang Qinghai 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundHypertension is widely acknowledged as a significant contributory factor to the heightened risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture. Nevertheless, the impact of hypertension management on the outcomes subsequent to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), particularly concerning the severity of aSAH, remains an underexplored area.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using data from a prospectively multicentre cohort of 4545 patients with aSAH in China. Premorbid hypertension status and the utilisation of antihypertensive medications prior to admission were set as key exposure factors. The primary outcomes encompassed unfavourable clinical grading scales observed on admission. Employing multivariable logistic regression, we explored the association between premorbid hypertension status, preadmission use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and unfavourable clinical grading scales.ResultsIn comparison to patients with normal blood pressure, only uncontrolled hypertension demonstrated a significant and independent association with an elevated risk of poor outcomes on the Hunt-Hess scale (OR=1.799, 95% CI 1.413 to 2.291, p<0.001) and the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale (OR=1.721, 95% CI 1.425 to 2.079, p<0.001). Furthermore, the antecedent use of RAAS inhibitors before admission was markedly and independently linked to a diminished risk of adverse outcomes on the Hunt-Hess scale (OR=0.653, 95% CI 0.430 to 0.992, p=0.046) and the WFNS scale (OR=0.656, 95% CI 0.469 to 0.918, p=0.014).ConclusionsUncontrolled hypertension markedly elevates the risk of adverse clinical outcomes following an aSAH. Conversely, the preadmission utilisation of RAAS inhibitors demonstrates a noteworthy association with a favourable clinical outcome after aSAH.
American Heart Association Cardiogenic Shock Registry: Design and Implementation
Authors: Morrow David A. , Jessup Mariell , Abraham William T. , Acker Michael , Aringo Angeline , Batchelor Wayne , Chikwe Joanna , Costello Shaina , Drakos Stavros G. , Farmer Steven , Gelijns Annetine , Gillette Nicole , Hochman Judith S. , Isler Maria , Kapur Navin K. , Kilic Arman , Kormos Robert , Lewis Eldrin F. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Lombardi Pierluca , Mancini Donna , Rao Sunil V. , Rutan Christine , Samsky Marc , Krucoff Mitchell W. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiogenic shock is a morbid complication of heart disease that claims the lives of more than 1 in 3 patients presenting with this syndrome. Supporting a unique collaboration across clinical specialties, federal regulators, payors, and industry, the American Heart Association volunteers and staff have launched a quality improvement registry to better understand the clinical manifestations of shock phenotypes, and to benchmark the management patterns, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock to hospitals across the United States.

METHODS:
Participating hospitals will enroll consecutive hospitalized patients with cardiogenic shock, regardless of etiology or severity. Data are collected through individual reviews of medical records of sequential adult patients with cardiogenic shock. The electronic case record form was collaboratively designed with a core minimum data structure and aligned with Shock Academic Research Consortium definitions. This registry will allow participating health systems to evaluate patient-level data including diagnostic approaches, therapeutics, use of advanced monitoring and circulatory support, processes of care, complications, and in-hospital survival. Participating sites can leverage these data for onsite monitoring of outcomes and benchmarking versus other institutions. The registry was concomitantly designed to provide a high-quality longitudinal research infrastructure for pragmatic randomized trials as well as translational, clinical, and implementation research. An aggregate deidentified data set will be made available to the research community on the American Heart Association’s Precision Medicine Platform. On March 31, 2022, the American Heart Association Cardiogenic Shock Registry received its first clinical records. At the time of this submission, 100 centers are participating.

CONCLUSIONS:
The American Heart Association Cardiogenic Shock Registry will serve as a resource using consistent data structure and definitions for the medical and research community to accelerate scientific advancement through shared learning and research resulting in improved quality of care and outcomes of shock patients.
Large-Scale Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Guided by Low-Dimensional Surrogates of Scalarization Functions
Authors: Gu Haoran , Wang Handing , He Cheng , Yuan Bo , Jin Yaochu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, computationally intensive multiobjective optimization problems have been efficiently solved by surrogate-assisted multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. However, most of those algorithms can handle no more than 200 decision variables. As the number of decision variables increases further, unreliable surrogate models will result in a dramatic deterioration of their performance, which makes large-scale expensive multiobjective optimization challenging. To address this challenge, we develop a large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm guided by low-dimensional surrogate models of scalarization functions. The proposed algorithm (termed LDS-AF) reduces the dimension of the original decision space based on principal component analysis, and then directly approximates the scalarization functions in a decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. With the help of a two-stage modeling strategy and convergence control strategy, LDS-AF can keep a good balance between convergence and diversity, and achieve a promising performance without being trapped in a local optimum prematurely. The experimental results on a set of test instances have demonstrated its superiority over eight state-of-the-art algorithms on multiobjective optimization problems with up to 1,000 decision variables using only 500 real function evaluations.
Optimization and validation of multi-echo, multi-contrast SAGE acquisition in fMRI
Authors: Keeling Elizabeth G. , Bergamino Maurizio , Ragunathan Sudarshan , Quarles C. Chad , Newton Allen T. , Stokes Ashley M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize and validate a multi-contrast, multi-echo fMRI method using a combined spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) acquisition. It was hypothesized that SAGE-based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) will improve sensitivity and spatial specificity while reducing signal dropout. SAGE-fMRI data were acquired with five echoes (2 gradient-echoes, 2 asymmetric spin-echoes, and 1 spin-echo) across 12 protocols with varying acceleration factors, and temporal SNR (tSNR) was assessed. The optimized protocol was then implemented in working memory and vision tasks in 15 healthy subjects. Task-based analysis was performed using individual echoes, quantitative dynamic relaxation times T2* and T2, and echo time-dependent weighted combinations of dynamic signals. These methods were compared to determine the optimal analysis method for SAGE-fMRI. Implementation of a multiband factor of 2 and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) factor of 2.5 yielded adequate spatiotemporal resolution while minimizing artifacts and loss in tSNR. Higher BOLD contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and tSNR were observed for SAGE-fMRI relative to single-echo fMRI, especially in regions with large susceptibility effects and for T2-dominant analyses. Using a working memory task, the extent of activation was highest with T2*-weighting, while smaller clusters were observed with quantitative T2* and T2. SAGE-fMRI couples the high BOLD sensitivity from multi-gradient-echo acquisitions with improved spatial localization from spin-echo acquisitions, providing two contrasts for analysis. SAGE-fMRI provides substantial advantages, including improving CNR and tSNR for more accurate analysis.
Inference for Dependent Data with Learned Clusters
Authors: Cao Jianfei , Hansen Christian , Kozbur Damian , Villacorta Lucciano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents and analyzes an approach to cluster-based inference for dependent data. The primary setting considered here is with spatially indexed data in which the dependence structure of observed random variables is characterized by a known, observed dissimilarity measure over spatial indices. Observations are partitioned into clusters with the use of an unsupervised clustering algorithm applied to the dissimilarity measure. Once the partition into clusters is learned, a cluster-based inference procedure is applied to a statistical hypothesis testing procedure. The procedure proposed in the paper allows the number of clusters to depend on the data, which gives researchers a principled method for choosing an appropriate clustering level. The paper gives conditions under which the proposed procedure asymptotically attains correct size. A simulation study shows that the proposed procedure attains near nominal size in finite samples in a variety of statistical testing problems with dependent data.
Coarse Wage-Setting and Behavioral Firms
Authors: Reyes Germán 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Hamre Martin Kristoffer , Proschmann Sabrina , Ørskov Frederik Forrai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Arising from a 2021 early career workshop on practices and notions of fascist internationalism, this special issue contributes to the evolving focus on transnational and international dimensions within the field of fascism studies. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of fascist governments, movements, and individuals across borders during the interwar period and during the Second World War, as well as the conflictual aspects of such cooperation. Rather than promoting a specific methodological or theoretical approach, the issue presents different perspectives on transnational fascism and fascist internationalisms. This introduction highlights five aspects on which the contributions make interventions: actors, women, organizations, geography, and hybridity.
Epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in mainland China, 2004 to 2019
Authors: Li Jingyi , Yang Yuanchao , Huang Biran , Zeng Jiaqi 
Published: June 2024

Objectives Syphilis is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection. This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in China from 2004 to 2019. Methods Incidence data for syphilis across 31 provinces in mainland China were obtained from the Data Center of China Public Health Science for the period from 2004 to 2019. Epidemiological methods and the Chi-squared test were used to analyze the temporal, regional, and disease stage distributions of syphilis. Results In total, 5,527,399 syphilis cases were reported in China from 2004 to 2019, with an average annual prevalence of 25.7063 per 100,000 population and overall increasing trend. In terms of regional distribution, high-incidence provinces included Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai. The proportion of latent syphilis increased from 20.41% in 2004 to 82.95% in 2019, with an upward trend each year. Conclusions Syphilis incidence exhibited an overall increasing trend in China, and latent syphilis was predominant. Syphilis incidences considerably varied among regions, and syphilis was detected from coastal to inland provinces. Thus, syphilis prevention and control programs should be tailored according to the specific epidemiological characteristics of each region.
Robotic bladder diverticulectomy with concurrent management of bladder outlet obstruction: A choice to consider
Authors: Orsini Angelo , Digiacomo Alessio , Ferretti Simone , Tamborino Flavia , Basconi Martina , Cicchetti Rossella , Litterio Giulio , Dello Stritto Guglielmo , Salzano Gaetano , Marchioni Michele , Schips Luigi 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Acquired bladder diverticula (BD) are associated with bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of our study is to analyse the improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who underwent robot-assisted bladder diverticulectomy (RABD) combined with transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). Material and methods: A prospectively single-centre, single surgeon cohort of four patients with posterolateral BD due to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) undergoing RABD combined with TURP between 2018 and 2023 was analysed. Results: Median age and maximum BD diameter were 73.5 years and 16 cm, respectively. All patients had severe LUTS and elevated postvoid residual (PVR). Preliminary uroflowmetry revealed bladder outlet obstruction with a median of maximum urine flow rate of 8.5 ml/s. The median operative time and blood loss were 212 min and 100 ml, respectively. No intraoperative complications were recorded. The median length of stay was 4 days. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and PVR were compared between baseline, 1 month and 6 months after surgery. IPSS significantly decreased from 24 (IQR 24–25) preoperatively compared to the postoperative, at 1 month follow up 7 (IQR 6–8) ( p < 0.0001). PVR significantly decreased too from 165 (IQR 150–187) to 35 ml (IQR 25–42) ( p < 0.0001). In transitioning from the 1-month follow-up to the 6-month follow-up, no substantial statistical improvement was observed. Conclusion: Concomitant performance of TURP with RABD is feasible and safe. Diverticulectomy in addiction at the endoscopic procedure should be discussed with patients who have obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms as viable alternative to single procedure individually performed.