bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of VIA (Visual Inspection of the Cervix After Acetic Acid Application) Positivity in Cervical Cancer Screening of Women in a Peri-Urban Area in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vedantham Haripriya , Silver Michelle I. , Kalpana B. , Rekha C. , Karuna B.P. , Vidyadhari K. , Mrudula S. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Vijayaraghavan K. , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Sowjanya Pavani , Laxmi Shantha , Shah Keerti V. , Gravitt Patti E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objectives: Visual inspection of the cervix after acetic acid application (VIA) is widely recommended as the method of choice in cervical cancer screening programs in resource-limited settings because of its simplicity and ability to link with immediate treatment. In testing the effectiveness of VIA, human papillomavirus DNA testing, and Pap cytology in a population-based study in a peri-urban area in Andhra Pradesh, India, we found the sensitivity of VIA for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (CIN2+) to be 26.3%, much lower than the 60% to 90% reported in the literature. We therefore investigated the determinants of VIA positivity in our study population.
Methods: We evaluated VIA positivity by demographics and reproductive history, results of clinical examination, and results from the other screening methods.
Results: Of the 19 women diagnosed with CIN2+, only 5 were positive by VIA (positive predictive value, 3.1%). In multivariate analysis, VIA positivity (12.74%) was associated with older age, positive Pap smear, visually apparent cervical inflammation, and interobserver variation. Cervical inflammation of unknown cause was present in 21.62% of women. In disease-negative women, cervical inflammation was associated with an increase in VIA positivity from 6.1% to 15.5% (P &lt; 0.001). Among the six gynecologists who performed VIA, the positivity rate varied from 4% to 31%.
Conclusions: The interpretation of VIA is subjective and its performance cannot be readily evaluated against objective standards.
Impact: VIA is not a robust screening test and we caution against its use as the primary screening test in resource-limited regions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1373–80. ©2010 AACR.
Extent of Alcohol Consumption among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Frobisher Clare , Lancashire Emma R. , Reulen Raoul C. , Winter David L. , Stevens Michael C.G. , Hawkins Michael M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify subgroups of childhood cancer survivors at highest risk of consuming alcohol, consuming above recommended weekly levels, and consuming potentially harmful amounts and compare survivor risks with those expected from the general population.
Methods: Using the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a population-based cohort of 17,981 individuals diagnosed with childhood cancer (1940-1991) and surviving ≥5 years, 14,836 were eligible for a questionnaire that ascertained drinking behavior, as previously ascertained in the 2002 General Household Survey throughout Britain.
Results: Of 10,389 survivors who responded, 77.2% were alcohol drinkers, 23.8% consumed over weekly recommendations, and 3.9% consumed potentially harmful amounts. Survivors were less likely than the general population to be a current drinker {odds ratio [OR; 99% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.52 (0.46-0.60)}, consume over weekly recommended levels [OR (99% CI): 0.65 (0.58-0.73)], and consume harmful amounts [OR (99% CI): 0.40 (0.32-0.49)]. Survivors of a central nervous system neoplasm or leukemia, particularly those treated with brain irradiation, were the least likely to have adverse drinking behaviors when compared with the general population. However, survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non–Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms' tumor, bone sarcoma, and soft tissue sarcoma had adverse drinking behaviors at levels expected from the general population.
Conclusion: Overall adverse drinking behaviors were less frequent in survivors than expected from the general population, but subgroups with adverse drinking behaviors were identified, and it is these subgroups who are most in need of intervention.
Impact: UK clinical follow-up guidelines for childhood cancer survivors need strengthening in relation to alcohol consumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1174–84. ©2010 AACR.
A Prospective, Multicenter, National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network Study of [−2]proPSA: Improving Prostate Cancer Detection and Correlating with Cancer Aggressiveness
Authors: Sokoll Lori J. , Sanda Martin G. , Feng Ziding , Kagan Jacob , Mizrahi Isaac A. , Broyles Dennis L. , Partin Alan W. , Srivastava Sudhir , Thompson Ian M. , Wei John T. , Zhang Zhen , Chan Daniel W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: The free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoform, [−2]proPSA, has been shown to be associated with prostate cancer. The study objective was to characterize the clinical utility of serum [−2]proPSA for prostate cancer detection and assess its association with aggressive disease.
Methods: From among 669 subjects in a prospective prostate cancer detection study at four National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network clinical validation centers, 566 were eligible. Serum PSA, free PSA, and [−2]proPSA were measured (Beckman Coulter Access 2 Analyzer).
Results: Two hundred and forty-five (43%) of the 566 participants had prostate cancer on biopsy. At 70% specificity, the sensitivity of %[−2]proPSA ([−2]proPSA/fPSA) was 54% [95% confidence interval (CI), 48-61%; null hypothesis, 40%]. Including %[−2]proPSA in a multivariate prediction model incorporating PSA and %fPSA improved the performance (P &lt; 0.01). In the 2 to 4 ng/mL PSA range, %[−2]proPSA outperformed %fPSA (receiver operator characteristic-areas under the curve, 0.73 versus 0.61; P = 0.01). At 80% sensitivity, %[−2]proPSA had significantly higher specificity (51.6%; 95% CI, 41.2-61.8%) than PSA (29.9%; 95% CI, 21.0-40.0%) and %fPSA (28.9%; 95% CI, 20.1-39.0%). In the 2 to 10 ng/mL PSA range, a multivariate model had significant improvement (area under the curve, 0.76) over individual PSA forms (P &lt; 0.01 to &lt;0.0001). At 80% sensitivity, the specificity of %[−2]proPSA (44.9%; 95% CI, 38.4-51.5%) was significantly higher than PSA (30.8%; 95% CI, 24.9-37.1%) and relatively higher than %fPSA (34.6%; 95% CI, 28.5-41.4%). %[−2]proPSA increased with increasing Gleason score (P &lt; 0.001) and was higher in aggressive cancers (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: In this prospective study, %[−2]proPSA showed potential clinical utility for improving prostate cancer detection and was related to the risk of aggressive disease.
Impact: The addition of %[−2]proPSA could affect the early detection of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1193–200. ©2010 AACR.
International Trends in the Incidence of Testicular Cancer, 1973-2002
Authors: Chia Victoria M. , Quraishi Sabah M. , Devesa Susan S. , Purdue Mark P. , Cook Michael B. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Whereas testicular cancer incidence rates have been widely reported in populations of Northern European ancestry, rates in other populations have been less frequently examined. In a prior report, global testicular cancer incidence rates and trends for the years 1973 to 1997 were summarized. The current report extends these analyses with an additional 5 years of data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.Methods: Age-standardized incidence rates over successive 5-year time periods were obtained for populations in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.Results: In general, testicular cancer incidence remained highest in Northern European populations (8.0-9.0 per 100,000) and lowest in Asian and African populations (&lt;1 per 100,000). One notable exception to this pattern, however, was the very high rate reported by the Valdivia, Chile registry (8.8 per 100,000). In many populations, rates rose between 1973 and 2002, although the increases were strongest and most consistent among populations of European ancestry. In certain European populations, such as those of Denmark and of Geneva, Switzerland, some recent plateauing of rates was evident. There was little evidence of increase and possible evidence of a modest decline in rates among east Asian populations. Trends by histology (seminoma and nonseminoma) were generally similar to one another.Conclusions: Risk of testicular cancer remains relatively high in Northern European populations and low in Asian and African populations. Similar trends by histology suggest common risk factors.Effect: Reasons for increasing rates among Northern Europeans and stable or declining rates among East Asians are unexplained, supporting the need for future etiologic studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1151–9. ©2010 AACR.
Differentiation Therapy Exerts Antitumor Effects on Stem-like Glioma Cells
Authors: Campos Benito , Wan Feng , Farhadi Mohammad , Ernst Aurélie , Zeppernick Felix , Tagscherer Katrin E. , Ahmadi Rezvan , Lohr Jennifer , Dictus Christine , Gdynia Georg , Combs Stephanie E. , Goidts Violaine , Helmke Burkhard M. , Eckstein Volker , Roth Wilfried , Beckhove Philipp , Lichter Peter , Unterberg Andreas , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Herold-Mende Christel 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Stem-like tumor cells comprise a highly tumorigenic and therapy-resistant tumor subpopulation, which is believed to substantially influence tumor initiation and therapy resistance in glioma. Currently, therapeutic, drug-induced differentiation is considered as a promising approach to eradicate this tumor-driving cell population; retinoic acid is well known as a potent modulator of differentiation and proliferation in normal stem cells. In glioma, knowledge about the efficacy of retinoic acid–induced differentiation to target the stem-like tumor cell pool could have therapeutic implications.
Experimental Design: Stem-like glioma cells (SLGC) were differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid–containing medium to study the effect of differentiation on angiogenesis, invasive growth, as well as radioresistance and chemoresistance of SLGCs. In vivo effects were studied using live microscopy in a cranial window model.
Results: Our data suggest that in vitro differentiation of SLGCs induces therapy-sensitizing effects, impairs the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, and disrupts SLGCs motility. Further, ex vivo differentiation reduces tumorigenicity of SLGCs. Finally, we show that all-trans retinoic acid treatment alone can induce antitumor effects in vivo.
Conclusions: Altogether, these results highlight the potential of differentiation treatment to target the stem-like cell population in glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 16(10); 2715–28. ©2010 AACR.
Delivery of 5-Azacytidine to Human Cancer Cells by Elaidic Acid Esterification Increases Therapeutic Drug Efficacy
Authors: Brueckner Bodo , Rius Maria , Markelova Maria Rivera , Fichtner Iduna , Hals Petter-Arnt , Sandvold Marit Liland , Lyko Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAzacytidine is an established nucleoside drug that is well known for its ability to modulate epigenetic gene regulation by inhibition of DNA methylation. Despite recent advances in the clinical development of azacytidine, the use of the drug is limited by its low bioavailability and dependency on variably expressed nucleoside transporters for cellular uptake. We show here that CP-4200, an elaidic acid derivative of azacytidine, has strong epigenetic modulatory potency in human cancer cell lines, as evidenced by efficient depletion of DNA methyltransferase protein, genome-wide DNA demethylation, and robust reactivation of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. Importantly, however, the cellular uptake of CP-4200 was substantially less dependent on the nucleoside transporters that are known to be involved in azacytidine uptake. In agreement with this notion, CP-4200 showed a significantly higher antitumoral activity than azacytidine in an orthotopic mouse tumor model for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Together, these data represent a detailed characterization of the CP-4200 mode of action and suggest that elaidic acid modification improves the therapeutic efficacy of azacytidine. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1256–64. ©2010 AACR.
Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaques Targeted to Oxidized LDL Receptor LOX-1 by SPECT/CT and Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Li Dayuan , Patel Amit R. , Klibanov Alexander L. , Kramer Christopher M. , Ruiz Mirta , Kang Bum-Yong , Mehta Jawahar L. , Beller George A. , Glover David K. , Meyer Craig H. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
The oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) LOX-1 plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. We sought to detect and assess atherosclerotic plaque in vivo by using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and a molecular probe targeted at LOX-1.

Methods and Results—

Apolipoprotein E
−/−
mice fed a Western diet and LDLR
−/−
and LDLR
−/−
/LOX-1
−/−
mice fed an atherogenic diet were used. Imaging probes consisted of liposomes decorated with anti–LOX-1 antibodies or nonspecific immunoglobulin G,
111
indium or gadolinium, and 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine fluorescence markers. In vivo imaging was performed 24 hours after intravenous injection (150 μL) of LOX-1 or nonspecific immunoglobulin G probes labeled with either
111
indium (600 μCi) or gadolinium (0.075 mmol/kg), followed by aortic excision for phosphor imaging and Sudan IV staining, or fluorescence imaging and hematoxylin/eosin staining. The LOX-1 probe also colocalized with specific cell types, apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in frozen aortic sections. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of the LOX-1 probe showed aortic arch “hot spots” in apolipoprotein E
−/−
mice (n=8), confirmed by phosphor imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant Gd enhancement in atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR
−/−
mice with the LOX-1 (n=7) but not with the nonspecific immunoglobulin G (n=5) probe. No signal enhancement was observed in LDLR
−/−
/LOX-1
−/−
mice injected with the LOX-1 probe (n=5). These results were confirmed by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. The LOX-1 probe bound preferentially to the plaque shoulder, a region with vulnerable plaque features, including extensive LOX-1 expression, macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression.

Conclusions—
LOX-1 can be used as a target for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque in vivo. Furthermore, the LOX-1 imaging signal is associated with markers of rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaque.
Is the Myocardial Blush Grade Scored by the Operator During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Prognostic Value in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Routine Clinical Practice?
Authors: Kampinga Marthe A. , Nijsten Maarten W.N. , Gu Youlan L. , Dijk W. Arnold , de Smet Bart J.G.L. , van den Heuvel Ad F.M. , Tan Eng-Shiong , Zijlstra Felix 
Published: May 2010

Background—
Multiple trials have documented that myocardial blush grade (MBG) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has prognostic value for long-term clinical outcome. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has determined the clinical use of MBG in routine clinical practice. We determined the prognostic value of MBG scored by the operator during primary PCI in consecutive patients with STEMI.

Methods and Results—

The prognostic value of MBG scored by the operator in relation to 1-year all cause mortality was evaluated in all patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI between January 2004 and July 2008 in our hospital. The incidence of MBG 0, 1, 2, and 3 was 12%, 14%, 36%, and 38%, respectively, in 2118 consecutive patients with STEMI. Follow-up of all 2118 patients showed a 1-year all cause mortality rate of 8% (168 of 2118): 24%, 10%, 6%, and 4%, respectively, among patients with MBG 0, 1, 2, and 3 (
P
<0.001). In the 1763 patients with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 after PCI, these mortality rates were 17%, 10%, 6%, and 4%, respectively (
P
<0.001). MBG scored by the operator was a strong independent predictor of 1-year all cause mortality corrected for other well-known predictive variables, including TIMI flow grade.

Conclusions—
MBG scored by the operator during primary PCI has prognostic value for 1-year all cause mortality in patients with STEMI in routine clinical practice. Therefore, the MBG should be documented, in addition to the TIMI flow grade, during primary PCI in patients with STEMI in standard PCI reports in routine clinical practice.
Karl Marx between Two Worlds: The Antinomies of Giovanni Arrighi’s Adam Smith in Beijing
Authors: Walker Richard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAdam Smith in Beijing is a huge and sprawling book, but Giovanni Arrighi has done a great service with his world-historical vision of today’s capitalism and the growing rivalry between a fading American empire and the rising power of China. This is a task beyond most of us, and one bound to put the writer at risk of criticism from many quarters. The book shines in two regards. One is to make geographical dynamics central to world-history ‐ which means seeing the global economy as more than the sum of development-histories of many places or, worse, the spread of capitalism from one country to another. A second virtue is embedding economic history in the politics of the international state-system, featuring the use of force, imperial expansion, and the role of hegemonic powers. Nevertheless, Arrighi’s economic-geographic analysis fails to convince on a number of critical points, such as the origins of industrial revolution, why Europe overtook China in early modern times, why the US economy faltered after 1970, why finance has run amuck in our time, how Japan grew so enormously after World War II, or why China is expanding so prodigiously today.
Giovanni Arrighi in Beijing: An Alternative to Capitalism?
Authors: Panitch Leo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGiovanni Arrighi made a remarkably broad-ranging and original contribution to comparative political economy and historical sociology over five decades. His last book shares these qualities. But Adam Smith in Beijing is unfortunately not mainly about the origins and dynamics of Chinese capitalism over the past three decades. It presents Adam Smith not as the apostle of free-market capitalism, but rather of a ‘non-capitalist market society’; and it uses this to make the case that since China’s economic development takes place outside the European/North American capitalist ‘core’, it must, almost by definition, not be capitalist. Markets are conceived here as the instruments of states, yet the theory of the state advanced is severely undeveloped. Arrighi’s argument that China’s economic development is part and parcel of the demise of the US project for establishing itself as the ‘world state’ misinterprets the nature of the US empire as well as misses the extent of China’s integration with US-led capitalist globalisation.
Arrighi’s Adam Smith in Beijing: Engaging China
Authors: Flemming Christiansen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis contribution examines Arrighi’s effort in Adam Smith in Beijing to understand the trajectory of China’s political economy and the effects of that trajectory on the current reforms and changes in China. This article discusses these reforms from the perspective of China’s ’internal’ dynamics and suggests that Arrighi’s argument has been developed without proper reference to China’s complex realities. As an alternative, the contribution proposes a research-agenda that could better account for these realities.
The Degradation of the International Legal Order? The Rehabilitation of Law and the Possibility of Politics, Bill Bowring, Routledge-Cavendish, 2008
Authors: Knox Robert J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBill Bowring’s book attempts to argue for a Marxist account of international law that embraces it as a tool for progressive politics and revolutionary change. He argues it is necessary to give a substantive account of both, locating them in the real struggles of the oppressed. Specifically, he locates human rights in the three great revolutions ‐ the French, the Russian and the anticolonial. However, this revolutionary heritage has been ‘degraded’ by recent events. As such, it is necessary to adopt ‘revolutionary conservatism’, invoking international law’s origins against its current degradation. This review argues that, owing to international law’s indeterminacy, Bowring’s project is susceptible to imperial appropriation. This means, however, that Bowring cannot give an account of why we should use international law. It then argues that Bowring’s account of Pashukanis is wrong, and that Pashukanis’s work can better make sense of Bowring’s insights and international law more generally.
miR-28 is a thrombopoietin receptor targeting microRNA detected in a fraction of myeloproliferative neoplasm patient platelets
Authors: Girardot Michael , Pecquet Christian , Boukour Siham , Knoops Laurent , Ferrant Augustin , Vainchenker William , Giraudier Stéphane , Constantinescu Stefan N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs; polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis) are malignant diseases arising from a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor, frequently altered by JAK2 V617F or other JAK/STAT activating mutations. The thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR, MPL) is one of the major dimeric cytokine receptors that use JAK2 in the myeloid lineage, and was found to be down-modulated in certain MPN patients. We searched for negative regulators of MPL expression. Here we report that miR-28 targets the 3′ untranslated (3′UTR) region of MPL, inhibiting its translation, as well as other proteins potentially involved in megakaryocyte differentiation, such as E2F6. Expression of miR-28 in CD34-derived megakaryocytes inhibited terminal differentiation. miR-28 was found to be overexpressed in platelets of a fraction of MPN patients, while it was expressed at constant low levels in platelets from healthy subjects. Constitutive activation of STAT5 leading to autonomous growth of hematopoietic cell lines was associated with increased miR-28 expression. We discuss how down-modulating MPL and other targets of miR-28, and of related miR-708 and miR-151, could contribute to MPN pathogenicity.