bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐Millimeter Implants Supporting Fixed Partial Dental Prostheses in the Severely Resorbed Posterior Mandible: Two‐Year Results
Authors: Slotte Christer , Grønningsaeter Arne , Halmøy Anne‐Marie , Öhrnell Lars‐Olof , Stroh Göran , Isaksson Sten , Johansson Lars‐Åke , Mordenfeld Arne , Eklund Jan , Embring Jan 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Reduced alveolar bone volume complicates implant dentistry.Purpose: In this prospective multicenter study, a new, 4‐mm long Straumann SLActive implant (Ø 4.1 mm) supporting a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) in the severely resorbed posterior mandible was evaluated for two years.Material and Methods: Thirty‐two patients (11 men, 21 women; mean age 64.1 years) participated. Ten to 12 weeks after single‐stage surgery, a screw‐retained FDP was attached to three or four 4‐mm implants.Results and Discussion: One hundred implants were inserted. Three failed at surgery and four were lost before loading. Twenty‐eight patients received FDPs (93 implants). Two patients were discontinued because of secondary exclusion criteria; therefore, 26 patients were followed up from baseline (BL). After 1 year, one patient insisted on removal of all implants and one patient died because of nonstudy‐related complications. Twenty‐four patients (87 implants) were eligible for examination 2 years post‐loading. All implants were found to be stable [survival rate 95.7% (confidence interval, CI 88.8–98.3) after 1 year and 92.3% (CI 84.5–96.2) after 2 years]. The mean change from BL to 12 months was – 0.43 mm (CI 0.31–0.59; p < .001) and from 12 to 24 months – 0.11 mm (CI –0.01–0.23; p = .056). The survival rate is only slightly lower than in similar studies on 6 to 8.5 mm implants. This may be related to high initial stability and effective use of the residual bone volume with high primary bone‐to‐implant contact in dense bone structures. The surgical handling of the tested implant was found to be similar to that of implants of common length. However, the preparation procedure must be done with great care to avoid overdrilling. Careful planning and design of the prosthetic construction is mandatory to prevent unfavorable occlusion and avoid harmful shear forces.Conclusion: This study showed that 4 mm implants can support an FDP in severely resorbed posterior mandibles for at least 2 years and with healthy peri‐implant conditions.
Guideline–Practice Gap in the Management of Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder in Japan
Authors: Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Naohiko , Matsui Isao , Nakano Chikako , Inoue Kazunori , Tomida Kodo , Mikami Satoshi , Okada Noriyuki , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu , Rakugi Hiromi , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNo study has reported the current status of the management of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD–MBD) in Japan. Using the Osaka Vitamin D Study in CKD (OVIDS–CKD), we examined the prevalence of patients with serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), or 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels outside the target of KDOQI guidelines. Eighty‐four percent of the patients had 25‐hydroxyvitamin D <30 ng/mL. Significant determinants of poor vitamin D status were female gender, diabetes, high PTH, and high urinary protein (2+ or greater). The percentage of patients with intact PTH higher than the target was 8% in CKD stage 3a, while between 20–22% in stages 3b to 5. The patients indicated for ergocalciferol were 7, 18, and 19% in stages 3a, 3b, and 4, respectively, and those indicated for active vitamin D were 21% in stage 5. Since neither ergocalciferol nor cholecalciferol is available in 2011 in Japan, we have no choice but to prescribe alfacalcidol or calcitriol; however, the percent of patients receiving these drugs was only 1, 4, 8, and 14% in stages 3a, 3b, 4, and 5, respectively, indicating that PTH and vitamin D status are not well controlled in Japan. In contrast, more than 80% of the patients met the target of serum calcium and phosphate. Contrary to expectations, nearly 20% of the patients had hypophosphatemia in stage 3 and 5, possibly because of strict protein restriction. Given these results, nephrologists should consider prescribing active vitamin D, especially for females and patients with diabetes, massive proteinuria, or secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Nuclear Chromatin‐concentrated Osteoblasts in Renal Bone Diseases
Authors: Kazama Junichiro James , Yamamoto Suguru , Narita Ichiei , Kurihara Satoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe morphological appearance of an osteoblast largely alters with its differentiation and maturation, along with the change of cell function. We quantitatively observed the osteoblast morphology and compared it with bone metabolism. Biopsied iliac bone samples obtained from 77 dialysis patients (14 mild change, 37 osteitis fibrosa, 2 osteomalacia, 8 mixed, and 16 adynamic bone) were included in the study. Osteoblast appearances were classified into three groups: (i) type II and III osteoblasts, namely, active osteoblasts characterized by cuboidal or columnar shapes with or without a nuclear clear zone; (ii) type IV osteoblasts, lining osteoblasts characterized by extremely thin cytoplasm; and (iii) type V osteoblasts, apoptotic osteoblasts characterized by nuclear chromatin concentration. The results were quantitatively expressed as the length of bone surface covered by each type of osteoblasts. The type II and III osteoblasts were predominant in osteitis fibrosa, mixed, and mild change. The type IV osteoblasts were overwhelmingly predominant in adynamic bone. The type V osteoblasts appeared most frequently in osteitis fibrosa, followed by mixed and mild change. Both absolute and relative lengths of bone surface covered by the type V osteoblasts were significantly higher in the high‐turnover bone group (osteitis fibrosa and mixed) than the low‐turnover bone group (adynamic bone and osteomalacia). The type V osteoblasts were slightly correlated with serum intact parathyroid hormone levels. In conclusion, a high bone‐turnover condition seems to be associated with the promotion of osteoblastic apoptosis in dialysis patients. This finding may explain the fact that osteopenia develops faster in CKD patients with high turnover of bone.
Role of Megalin and Cubilin in the Metabolism of Vitamin D3
Authors: Kaseda Ryohei , Hosojima Michihiro , Sato Hiroyoshi , Saito Akihiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is associated with various medical conditions including musculoskeletal disorders, infection, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Megalin and cubilin, endocytic receptors in proximal tubule cells, are involved in the reabsorption of vitamin D binding protein from glomerular filtrates and the subsequent intracellular conversion of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to biologically active 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3. Dysfunction of these receptors, which is commonly found in patients with diabetic nephropathy, even at early stages, may explain why vitamin D deficiency is often complicated in these patients. Therapeutic strategies to protect the functions of these receptors from injury could be used to prevent vitamin D deficiency and its related disorders.
Novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay Exclusively for Full‐length Parathyroid Hormone during Treatment with Cinacalcet for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tanaka Hisae , Komaba Hirotaka , Koizumi Masahiro , Kakuta Takatoshi , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay that exclusively measures full‐length parathyroid hormone (PTH), called Elecsys PTH (1–84) assay, is currently under development for clinical use. We measured serum PTH levels using this novel assay, as well as the Elecsys Intact PTH assay and the Whole PTH immunoradiometric assay, in 53 hemodialysis patients who participated in a 52‐week clinical trial of cinacalcet. At baseline, serum PTH (1–84) levels measured with the Elecsys PTH (1–84) assay and those with the Whole PTH assay were comparable, and both values were significantly lower than Elecsys Intact PTH levels. After 52 weeks of cinacalcet treatment, Elecsys PTH (1–84) levels and Whole PTH levels decreased significantly by 56% and 60% from baseline, respectively. These results indicate that the Elecsys PTH (1–84) assay provides comparable data to the Whole PTH assay for monitoring parathyroid function in patients receiving hemodialysis. Introduction of this novel automated immunoassay would provide more widespread measurements of full‐length PTH (1–84) in clinical practice.
Retrospective investigation of prognostic indicators for adult horses with infection of a synovial structure
Authors: Walmsley EA , Anderson GA , Muurlink MA , Whitton RC 
Published: May 2011

Objective To investigate predictors of survival and athletic function in adult horses with infection of a synovial structure.Hypotheses Increasing duration from contamination to referral, bone or tendon involvement and positive microbial culture decreases short‐term survival. Synovitis and/or sepsis at 5 days post‐admission and involvement ofStaphylococcusspp. decreases long‐term athletic function.Design Retrospective study.Methods Records over 4 years of adult horses with synovial sepsis were reviewed. A two‐tailed Fisher's exact test, Mann‐Whitney U test or t‐test was used to examine whether variables were predictive of short‐term survival and long‐term athletic function.Results During the study period 75 horses underwent treatment for infection of 93 synovial structures. Short‐term survival was 84% (63/75) and 54% (30/56) of horses returned to athletic function. Of the variables measured at admission, duration from contamination to referral did not affect survival, whereas evidence of bone or tendon involvement decreased survival and athletic function. Of the variables available during treatment, abnormal synovial fluid at 4–6 days post‐admission and positive microbial culture reduced athletic function. Staphylococcal infection was associated with persistent sepsis.Conclusions Of the variables available at presentation, only evidence of bone or tendon involvement negatively affected survival and athletic function. During treatment of synovial sepsis, analysis of synovial fluid at 4–6 days and bacterial culture results have prognostic value.
A real‐world study of the effectiveness of DBT in the UK National Health Service
Authors: Feigenbaum Janet D. , Fonagy Peter , Pilling Stephen , Jones Alan , Wildgoose Amanda , Bebbington Paul E. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) has gained widespread popularity as a treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), and its efficacy has been demonstrated in several trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DBT delivered by staff with a level of training readily achievable in National Health Service care settings for individuals with a Cluster B personality disorder.Design. Randomized control trial methodology was used to compare DBT to treatment as usual (TAU).Method. Forty‐two participants entered the trial. Diagnostic and outcome measures were undertaken at assessment, at 6 months, and at 1 year. The clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measure (CORE‐OM) were utilized as the primary outcome measure.Results. Both the DBT and TAU groups improved on the range of measures employed. The DBT group showed a slightly greater decrease in CORE‐OM risk scores, suicidality, and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom severity. However, the TAU group showed comparable reductions in all measures and a larger decrease in para‐suicidal behaviours and risk.Conclusions. DBT may be an effective treatment delivered by community outpatient services for individuals with a Cluster B personality disorder. Further studies are needed to consider the impact of experience and adherence to DBT in improving outcome.
Changes in symptoms and interpersonal problems during the first 2 years of long‐term psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
Authors: Berghout Caspar C. , Zevalkink Jolien , Katzko Michael W. , de Jong Joop T. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives. Longitudinal measurements can provide important information regarding variations in developmental trajectories of patients in long‐term treatment. The present study investigated changes in general symptoms, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal problems during the first 2 years of long‐term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP) and psychoanalysis (PA). It was expected that interpersonal problems would diminish more slowly compared to symptomatic dysfunction.Design. An accelerated longitudinal design with five consecutive measurement points across two cohorts of patients was used.Methods. Changes on the Symptom Checklist‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems‐64 (IIP‐64) were investigated during the first 2 years of long‐term PP (n= 73) and PA (n= 40). Linear regression analysis was performed to model the different courses of improvement.Results. After 2 years of treatment, patients in both groups still presented moderate to high levels of symptoms and interpersonal problems compared to non‐clinical populations. As expected, interpersonal problems changed less rapidly. PP patients changed both with regard to symptomatic and interpersonal problems, whereas the only significant change in the PA group was on one of the symptomatic subscales. Slopes in the PA group and in PP group did not differ significantly from each other, except for the IIP‐64 scale intrusive, with PP patients showing significantly more improvement than PA patients. The height of intake values of the outcome variables appeared to predict the speed of symptomatic recovery.Conclusions. Symptoms and interpersonal problems did not decrease notably within the first 2 years of psychoanalytic treatment. This is consistent with the idea that significant change takes time for patients with chronic mental disorders and personality pathology. In regular practice, it is advisable to monitor changes routinely in order to identify slow responders more quickly and change the treatment plan, if necessary.
Adaptive PID Cascade Control for Superheated Steam Temperature Based on Inverse Model
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Wang Guangjun , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Since the superheated steam temperature system of boiler in thermal power plant is characterized as time varying and nonlinear, it is hard to achieve a satisfactory performance by the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) cascade control scheme. This paper presents a design method of adaptive PID cascade control system for superheated steam temperature based on inverse model: First, the inner loop and the outer process in the cascade control system are equivalent to a generalized plant. A simplified Takagi–Sugeno (STS) fuzzy model is adopted to identify the inverse model of the generalized plant. By choosing the appropriate structure and optimizing with constrains for the parameters of the inverse model, the organic combination of the PID primary controller with the inverse model is realized. To maintain the structure of the existing conventional PID cascade control system in power plant without change, in the control process, the parameters of the primary controller are adjusted on-line according to the identification result of the inverse model of the generalized plant; thus an adaptive PID cascade control system is formed, which matches with the characteristics of the controlled plant. Through the simulation experiments of controlling superheated steam temperature, it is illustrated that the proposed scheme has good adaptability and anti-interference ability.
Prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in West-Asian and African male athletes
Authors: Wilson M G , Chatard J C , Carre F , Hamilton B , Whyte G P , Sharma S , Chalabi H 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of West-Asian, black and Caucasian male athletes competing in Qatar using the 2010 recommendations for 12-lead ECG interpretation by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).DesignCardiovascular screening with resting 12-lead ECG analysis of 1220 national level athletes (800 West-Asian, 300 black and 120 Caucasian) and 135 West-Asian controls was performed.ResultsTen per cent of athletes presented with ‘uncommon’ ECG findings. Black African descent was an independent predictor of ‘uncommon’ ECG changes when compared with West-Asian and Caucasian athletes (p<0.001). Black athletes also demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of lateral T-wave inversions than both West-Asian and Caucasian athletes (6.1% vs 1.6% and 0%, p<0.05). The rate of ‘uncommon’ ECG changes between West-Asian and Caucasian athletes was comparable (7.9% vs 5.8%, p>0.05). Seven athletes (0.6%) were identified with a disease associated with sudden death; this prevalence was two times higher in black athletes than in West-Asian athletes (1% vs 0.5%), and no cases were reported in Caucasian athletes and West-Asian controls. Eighteen West-Asian and black athletes were identified with repolarisation abnormalities suggestive of a cardiomyopathy, but ultimately, none were diagnosed with a cardiac disease.ConclusionWest-Asian and Caucasian athletes demonstrate comparable rates of ECG findings. Black African ethnicity is positively associated with increased frequencies of ‘uncommon’ ECG traits. Future work should examine the genetic mechanisms behind ECG and myocardial adaptations in athletes of diverse ethnicity, aiding in the clinical differentiation between physiological remodelling and potential cardiomyopathy or ion channel disorders.
Five-year changes in school recess and lunchtime and the contribution to children's daily physical activity
Authors: Ridgers Nicola D , Timperio Anna , Crawford David , Salmon Jo 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal changes in children's recess and lunchtime physical activity levels and in the contribution of recess and lunchtime to daily physical activity levels over 5 years among 5–6- and 10–12-year olds.MethodsData were drawn from two longitudinal studies that were conducted in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Boys and girls (n=2782) aged 5–6 years and 10–12 years participated in baseline (T0) measures. Physical activity (n=2490) was measured every 60 s for eight consecutive days using hip-mounted accelerometry. Subsequent measurements were taken at 3-year (T1; n=773) and 5-year (T2; n=634) follow-up. Physical activity intensities were derived using age-adjusted cut-points. Sedentary time was defined as 100 counts/min. Longitudinal data were analysed using three-level (time, child, school) multilevel analyses, stratified by sex and cohort, and adjusted for potential confounding variables.ResultsSignificant decreases in recess and lunchtime moderate and vigorous physical activity were observed (p<0.001), with larger decreases occurring in the older cohort. Associated increases were observed in sedentary time over time (p<0.01). Although the contribution of recess to daily moderate intensity physical activity increased in the younger cohort over time (p<0.001), significant decreases were observed in the older cohort (p<0.001).ConclusionPhysical activity levels during recess and lunchtime decreased in both cohorts over time. Decreases in the contribution of recess and lunchtime to older children's daily physical activity were also observed. Interventions are needed in both primary and secondary schools to promote physical activity levels during recess and lunchtime, particularly during the early years of secondary school.
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the United States: regional differences 40 years after implementation of the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act
Authors: Suarthana Eva , Laney A Scott , Storey Eileen , Hale Janet M , Attfield Michael D 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo assess whether the recent increases in the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the USA reflect increased measured exposures over recent decades, and to identify other potential causative factors.MethodsThe observed CWP prevalence was calculated for 12 408 underground coal miner participants in the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program for the period 2005–2009, stratified by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) geographical districts. The predicted prevalence was estimated using a published exposure–response model from a large epidemiological study among US coal miners using dust exposure, tenure, miner's age and coal rank as predictors. χ2Testing was performed to compare the observed versus predicted CWP prevalence.ResultsObserved prevalence was significantly higher than predicted prevalence in MSHA districts 4–7 (central Appalachian region) (10.1% vs 4.2%; prevalence ratio (PR) 2.4; p<0.001) and significantly lower than predicted in other regions (1.6% vs 3.6%; PR 0.4; p<0.001). The central Appalachian region had a significantly older workforce with greater mining tenure, a lower proportion of mines with 200 or more employees, and lower seam heights. Significant lower average compliance dust concentrations were reported for this region.ConclusionThe observed CWP prevalence substantially exceeded predicted levels in central Appalachia. However, the increased prevalence was not explained by the measured levels of dust exposures. Likely contributing factors include mine size and low seam mining, which may be associated with higher exposure to silica. Further study is needed to characterise the responsible factors for the elevated CWP rates in central Appalachia.
Counselling low-back-pain patients in secondary healthcare: a randomised trial addressing experienced workplace barriers and physical activity
Authors: Jensen Lone Donbæk , Maribo Thomas , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Madsen Finn Hjorth , Gonge Bigitte , Christensen Michael , Frost Poul 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo assess if counselling by an occupational physician (OP) addressing experienced workplace barriers and physical activity integrated as a part of low-back pain (LBP) outpatient treatment influences pain, function and sick leave.MethodsRandomised controlled trial in the secondary healthcare sector with 3 months' follow-up. The participants were LBP patients who, independently of sick-leave status, expressed concerns about the ability to maintain their current job. Patients referred for surgery were excluded. The intervention consisted of two counselling sessions conducted by an OP addressing both workplace barriers and leisure-time physical activity. A workplace visit was performed if required. Pain, function and duration of sick leave due to LBP were primary outcomes.ResultsA reduction in bodily pain and improvement in physical function both measured by the 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire in favour of the intervention group was found. The change in pain score was found to be clinically relevant. The risk of sick leave for at least 8 weeks due to LBP was significantly reduced in the intervention group. Two secondary outcomes, Fear Avoidance Beliefs about physical activity and maximum oxygen uptake, supported compliance and adherence to the part of the intervention focusing on enhanced physical activity.ConclusionTwo short counselling sessions by an OP combining advice on meeting workplace barriers and enhancing physical activity had a substantial effect on important prognostic factors for LBP patients with moderate to severe symptoms diagnosed in outpatient rheumatological clinics.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN13071157