bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Enhancement of Carrier Dynamics in Eco‐Friendly Perovskite Solar Cells through Fluorinated Iodide Additive‐Induced Crystallographic and Interface Modifications
Authors: Kumar Utpal , Subudhi Poonam , Punetha Deepak 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores advancements in tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which face challenges compared to lead‐based PSCs due to rapid crystallization kinetics and high defect densities in Sn perovskite films. To address these limitations, a synergistic strategy involving benzylamine and fluorine incorporation is employed to enhance device performance. Perovskite materials such as fluorobenzylammonium iodide (FBZAI), 2‐fluorophenylethylammonium iodide (2‐FPEAI), and 4‐fluorooctylammonium iodide (FOEI) engineered formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) are evaluated. Key photovoltaic parameters, including fill factor (FF), open‐circuit voltage (Voc), short‐circuit current density (Jsc), and power conversion efficiency (PCE), are analyzed. Comprehensive investigations examine the impact of absorber layer thickness, defect density, bandgap tuning, temperature, and doping concentration. The 2‐FPEAI‐based device with spiro‐OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9'‐spirobifluorene)/2‐FPEAI/C60 additives achieved a PCE of 14.65%, FF of 60.19%, Jsc of 24.325 mA/cm2, and Voc of 1.0005 V. FOEI‐based devices with CuI (copper iodide)/FOEI/C60 delivered a PCE of 18.51%, FF of 75.33%, Jsc of 27.31 mA/cm2, and Voc of 0.899 V, while FBZAI devices showed a PCE of 16.13%, FF of 66.28%, Jsc of 26.47 mA/cm2, and Voc of 0.8925 V. These findings highlight the potential of lead‐free PSCs for sustainable, high‐performance photovoltaic applications.
Programmed Fabrication of Vesicle‐Based Prototissue Fibers with Modular Functionalities
Authors: Kojima Tomoya , Asakura Kouichi , Gobbo Pierangelo , Banno Taisuke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMulticellular organisms have hierarchical structures where multiple cells collectively form tissues with complex 3D architectures and exhibit higher‐order functions. Inspired by this, to date, multiple protocell models have been assembled to form tissue‐like structures termed prototissues. Despite recent advances in this research area, the programmed assembly of protocells into prototissue fibers with emergent functions still represents a significant challenge. The possibility of assembling prototissue fibers will open up a way to a novel type of prototissue subunit capable of hierarchical assembly into unprecedented soft functional materials with tunable architectures, modular and distributed functionalities. Herein, the first method to fabricate freestanding vesicle‐based prototissue fibers with controlled lengths and diameters is devised. Importantly, it is also shown that the fibers can be composed of different specialized modules that, for example, can endow the fiber with magnetotaxis capabilities, or that can work synergistically to take an input diffusible chemical signals and transduce it into a readable fluorescent output through a hosted enzyme cascade reaction. Overall, this research addresses an important challenge of prototissue engineering and will find important applications in 3D bio‐printing, tissue engineering, and soft robotics as next‐generation bioinspired materials.
PLIN2 Promotes Lipid Accumulation in Ascites‐Associated Macrophages and Ovarian Cancer Progression by HIF1α/SPP1 Signaling
Authors: Luo Hui , She Xiaolu , Zhang Yubo , Xie Bingfan , Zhang Shibo , Li Qianqian , Zhou Yangyang , Guo Shuang , Zhang Shushan , Jiang Yanhui , Dong Yingying , He Jianzhong , Wang Lijie , Zhang Qianqian , Zhuang Yuan , Deng Panxia , Wang Feng , Liu Jihong , Chen Xin , Nie Huilong , He Huanhuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA major characteristic of ovarian cancer (OC) is its unique route of metastasis via ascites. The immune microenvironment in ascites remains understudied, leaving the mechanism of ascites‐mediated abdominal metastasis obscure. Here, a single‐cell transcriptomic landscape of CD45+ immune cells across multiple anatomical sites is depicted, including primary tumors, metastatic lesions, and ascites, from patients diagnosed with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). A novel subset of perilipin 2 high (PLIN2hi) macrophages are identified that are enriched in ascites and positively correlated with OC progression, hence being designated as “ascites‐associated macrophages (AAMs)”. AAMs are lipid‐loaded with overexpression of the lipid droplet protein PLIN2. Overexpression or suppression of PLIN2 can enhance or inhibit tumor cell migration, invasion, and vascular permeability in vitro, which is also confirmed in vivo. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that PLIN2 boosts HIF1α/SPP1 signaling in macrophages, thereby exerting pro‐tumor functions. Finally, a PLIN2‐targeting liposome is designed to efficiently suppress ascites production and tumor metastasis. Taken together, this work provides a comprehensive characterization of the cancer‐promoting function and lipid‐rich property of ascites‐enriched PLIN2hi macrophages, establishes a link between lipid metabolism and hypoxia within the context of the ascites microenvironment, and elucidates the pivotal role of ascites in trans‐coelomic metastasis of OC.
Recent Advances in 3D Printed Electrodes – Bridging the Nano to Mesoscale
Authors: Scheideler William J. , Im Jisun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract3D architected electrodes offer inherent physicochemical advantages for energy storage, conversion, and sensing. 3D printing methods such as stereolithography and two photon polymerization are uniquely capable of fabricating these architected electrodes with a high degree of geometric complexity impossible to achieve with other methods at the mesoscale (10 µm–1 mm). The material set for 3D printing traditionally is focused on structural materials rather than functional materials suitable for electronic and electrochemical applications. In this review the fundamental challenges are considered for transforming 3D printed materials into conductive, multifunctional electrodes suitable for electrical and electrochemical devices by printing nanocomposites, infusing molecular precursors and post‐processing these structures via carbonization. To understand the design of 3D electrodes toward their use in both sensors and electrochemical devices such as catalysts, this review summarizes recent advances in hierarchical design of porous metastructures, the engineering of mass transport and electronic transport in 3D structures, and the application of high‐throughput materials design by machine learning and artificial intelligence. These emerging approaches to 3D electrode design and architecture promise to expand the capabilities of additive manufacturing beyond structural materials and bring its advantages to bear on modern devices such as sensors, batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysts.
GNE‐317 Reverses MSN‐Mediated Proneural‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition and Suppresses Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Glioblastoma via PI3K/mTOR
Authors: Yang Yong‐Chang , Jin Xing‐Yu , Yang Ling‐Ling , Xu Xing , Xie Yang , Ai Yi‐Ding , Li Xin‐Chao , Ma Ye‐Cheng , Xu Cheng‐Long , Li Qi , Ge Xiang‐Lian , Yi Tai‐Long , Jiang Tao , Wang Xiao‐Guang , Piao Ying‐Zhe , Jin Xun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) resistance to chemoradiotherapy is a major factor contributing to poor treatment outcomes. This resistance markedly affects the effectiveness of surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy and leads to post‐surgical tumor recurrence. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying chemoradiotherapy resistance in GBM is crucial for understanding its progression and improving therapeutic options. This study found that moesin (MSN) acts as a key promotor of chemoradiotherapy resistance in glioma stem cells (GSCs), enhancing their proliferation and stemness maintenance. Mechanistically, MSN activates the downstream PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, driving the proneural‐to‐mesenchymal transition (PMT) in GSCs. This process enhances the repair of DNA damage caused by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), thereby increasing the resistance of GSCs to chemoradiotherapy. Additionally, GNE‐317, a small molecule drug capable of crossing the blood‐brain barrier, specifically inhibits MSN and suppresses the activation of downstream PI3K/mTOR signaling. Importantly, the combination of GNE‐317 with RT and TMZ exhibits a strong synergistic effect both in vivo and in vitro, achieving better efficacy compared to the traditional combination of RT and TMZ. This study not only advances understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemoradiotherapy resistance in GBM but also provides a promising new approach for enhancing treatment outcomes.
Longitudinal MRI‐Driven Multi‐Modality Approach for Predicting Pathological Complete Response and B Cell Infiltration in Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Yu‐Hong , Shi Zhen‐Yi , Zhu Teng , Zhou Tian‐Han , Li Yi , Li Wei , Qiu Han , Wang Si‐Qi , He Li‐Fang , Wu Zhi‐Yong , Lin Ying , Wang Qian , Gu Wen‐Chao , Gu Chang‐Cong , Song Xin‐Yang , Zhou Yang , Guan Dao‐Gang , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccurately predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) in breast cancer remains challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. This study enrolled 2279 patients across 12 centers and develops a novel multi‐modality model integrating longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spatial habitat radiomics, transcriptomics, and single‐cell RNA sequencing for predicting pCR. By analyzing tumor subregions on multi‐timepoint MRI, the model captures dynamic intra‐tumoral heterogeneity during NAT. It shows superior performance over traditional radiomics, with areas under the curve of 0.863, 0.813, and 0.888 in the external validation, immunotherapy, and multi‐omics cohorts, respectively. Subgroup analysis shows its robustness across varying molecular subtypes and clinical stages. Transcriptomic and single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals that high model scores correlate with increased immune activity, notably elevated B cell infiltration, indicating the biological basis of the imaging model. The integration of imaging and molecular data demonstrates promise in spatial habitat radiomics to monitor dynamic changes in tumor heterogeneity during NAT. In clinical practice, this study provides a noninvasive tool to accurately predict pCR, with the potential to guide treatment planning and improve breast‐conserving surgery rates. Despite promising results, the model requires prospective validation to confirm its utility across diverse patient populations and clinical settings.
HBimmCue: A Versatile Fluorescent Probe for Multi‐Scale Imaging of Lipid Polarity and Membrane Order in Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Authors: Gao Shu , Sun Jing , Hou Yiwei , Ge Xichuan , Shi Ming , Zheng Hongxi , Zhang Yan , Li Meiqi , Gao Baoxiang , Xi Peng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMitochondrial membrane environmental dynamics are crucial for understanding function, yet high‐resolution observation remains challenging. Here, HBimmCue is introduced as a fluorescent probe localized to inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that reports lipid polarity and membrane order changes, which correlate with cellular respiration levels. Using HBimmCue and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), IMM lipid heterogeneity is uncovered across scales, from nanoscale structures within individual mitochondria to mouse pre‐implantation embryos. At the sub‐organelle level, stimulated emission depletion (STED)‐FLIM imaging highlights nanoscale polarity variations within the IMM. At the sub‐cellular and cellular level, reduced IMM lipid polarity is observed in damaged mitochondria marked for lysosomal degradation and distinct IMM lipid distributions are identified in neurons and disease models. Additionally, metabolic dysfunction associated with oocytes aging and metabolic reprogramming from zygote to blastocyst is detected. Together, the work demonstrates the broad applicability of HBimmCue, offering a new paradigm for investigating lipid polarity and respiration level at multiple scales.
Broadband, Wide‐Angle, and Versatile Metasurface Illusions with Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging
Authors: Li Haoran , Luo Kang , Tsai Din Ping , Li Yulang , Dou Linyuan , Li Shuqiao , He Tao , Fan Yuancheng , Chen Mu Ku , Wang Zhanshan , Shi Yuzhi , Wei Zeyong , Cheng Xinbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGeneration of controllable illusions has raised widespread interest. Over the past few decades, this field has been revolutionized by the emergence of metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, current efforts utilizing single‐layer metasurfaces are limited to simple illusion demonstrations by reproducing electromagnetic field distributions, which also struggle to achieve both broad bandwidths and wide angular ranges. Here, a nontrivial multi‐layer illusion strategy is proposed utilizing the inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging. The customization of illusions is facilitated by correlating the phase dispersion of meta‐atoms within the target frequency interval with the positioning of the structure. The approach enables the creation of illusions across a broadband of 8 to 12 GHz and a wide angular range from −30° to 30°. As a proof of principle, several illusions are experimentally demonstrated, showcasing the diversity of the approach. This work presents a viable illusion strategy that is more feasible for practical applications in the microwave domain, paving the way for future advances of customizable illusions.
Environmental release of a safener fenclorim from rice (Oryza sativa L.) following seed treatment
Authors: Hwang Jeong‐In , Norsworthy Jason K. , Kumar Nanda , Kim Tae‐Hwa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe safener fenclorim, effective in protecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the phytotoxicity of some herbicides, is regarded as a contaminant of emerging concern that may cause toxicological issues to ecosystems and humans who may consume the final harvested rice. This study investigated time‐dependent environmental releases of fenclorim from rice seeds treated with the safener and insecticide with five different treatments. The treatment with fenclorim alone caused the greatest fenclorim releases from the seed, and the release magnitude was similar to the treatment that had fenclorim and insecticide in mixture. The fenclorim release was the least when treated with safener and insecticide in sequence. Based on the previous literatures, all fenclorim release magnitudes observed in this study were at toxicologically safe levels for various living organisms in the soil, and fenclorim residues determined in the final rice harvest were also safe levels below the instrumentally detectable level.Core Ideas
Seed treatment with safener alone causes the largest fenclorim release to environments.
Seed treatment with safener and insecticide in sequence minimizes fenclorim releases.
Fenclorim residues in the final rice harvest were below the detectable level.
The fenclorim used will not cause residual issues in the ecosystem and harvested rice.
Highly Efficient Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching in a Topological Insulator/Chromium Telluride Heterostructure with Opposite Berry Curvature
Authors: Zhang Kewen , Wu Yuhang , Song Jingyan , Guo Yitian , Cai Xiaolun , Cheng Long , Zheng Dongxing , Chen Aitian , Li Peng , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEnergy‐efficient magnetization switching by current‐induced spin‐orbit torques drives the application of spintronics in memory and neural networks. Given the intrinsic strong spin‐orbit coupling, topological insulators (TI) with spin‐momentum locking are expected to be promising candidates for generating a significant spin‐orbit torque compared to the heavy metal system. To achieve high charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency, it is imperative to incorporate a ferromagnetic layer with low conductivity. In this study, a high spin‐torque efficiency (βL =  12.9 × 10−6mT A−1cm2) and spin Hall conductivity () are reported as being observed at 80 K in a Cr2Te3/(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3 bilayer. The magnetization switching induced by spin‐orbit torque in a Cr2Te3/(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3 bilayer is observed. It is demonstrated that the hump‐like feature in the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) resistance curve can be attributed to the presence of two magnetic phases in compressively strained chromium telluride grown on a c‐Al2O3 substrate using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The work holds the promise of propelling efficiency advancements in spintronic applications that leverage the unique properties of topological insulators.
A Review of Ga₂O₃ Heterojunctions for Deep‐UV Photodetection: Current Progress, Methodologies, and Challenges
Authors: Moore Alfred , Rafique Saqib , Llewelyn Ciaran , Lamb Dan , Li Lijie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn recent years, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has drawn considerable research interest as an ultrawide‐bandgap semiconductor due to its promising applications in the power electronics, photodetection, and gas sensing. Moreover, Ga2O3 heterojunctions have emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Ga2O3 as a standalone material—most notably, its lack of p‐type doping capability. One of the key application areas for Ga2O3 and its heterojunctions is ultraviolet (UV) photodetection, which has gained significant attention yet remains a relatively nascent field with vast potential for further exploration and optimization. This review provides a detailed overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art in Ga2O3 technology, highlighting recent research advancements, key challenges, and emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges. Specifically, it examines Ga2O3 heterojunctions for deep‐UV photodetection, analysing compatible electrode materials and assessing various substrates suitable for Ga2O3 growth to enhance device performance. This comprehensive review is designed to serve as an essential resource for researchers and engineers working with Ga2O3‐based heterojunctions, especially for applications in UV photodetection. Written with the needs of new entrants in mind, it aims to build a robust foundational understanding of Ga2O3 technology, supporting ongoing innovation and application expansion in this field.
A New Method for Whole Bone Analysis of Bilateral Asymmetry
Authors: Deschênes Valérie , Drapeau Michelle S. M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPostcranial asymmetry of bones has been mostly studied with linear or angular measurements. Although conclusive, these measurements fail to capture the differences of the entire bone surface. Here, we develop a methodology to measure whole bone bilateral asymmetry from 3D models. We demonstrate the method using the humerus and the second metacarpal. We compare right and left bones of the same individual (bilateral variation) to that of different scans of the same bone (interscan variation) and of the same bone from different individuals (interindividual variation) to show that the method functions and is able to segregate different degrees of variation. The interscan variation is the lowest, while the interindividual variation is the greatest, and the bilateral variation falls between the other two. Visual comparisons, using color maps, illustrate on the bone where the asymmetry is most marked. As expected, the interscan comparisons show very little variation in shape, while the interindividual comparisons reveal extensive variation. In bilateral comparisons, some patterns were observed. In the humerus, the radial groove, the deltoid tuberosity, and the olecranon fossa were usually the most asymmetrical regions. The epiphyses are also more asymmetrical than the diaphysis. For the MC2, the attachments for the palmar interossei muscles and the articular facets with the MC3 were the most asymmetrical regions. These results demonstrate that this new method helps identify areas of asymmetry that would otherwise be difficult to observe.
Infant Handling in Mantled Howler Monkeys
Authors: Czerwinski Maud C. M. , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Dias Pedro A. D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn most primate species that live in social groups, non‐mothers frequently interact with infants leading to significant impacts on maternal care strategies and both infant socialization and survivorship. In this study, we focused on infant handling by non‐mother individuals in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), a species for which very little information is available on this topic.Materials and MethodsUsing focal‐animal sampling for 743 h, we observed 218 instances of interest and 232 handling events involving 14 infants (i.e., 1 to 12 months of age) living in four groups in southern Mexico.ResultsInterest and handling occurred at similar rates, 0.3 events per hour. Most handling was positive, involving behaviors such as making contact and friendly touching, whereas aggressive behaviors, such as harassing and kidnapping, were infrequent. Adult females, especially when lactating, were the primary handlers, contrasting with findings in other primate species where juveniles or non‐lactating females are usually more involved. Handling began within the first week of life and was most frequent during the first 3 months. Mothers rarely intervened in handling, doing so primarily during infrequent kidnapping events.DiscussionThese findings contribute to our understanding of primate social behavior, particularly in species with low social activity levels, and provide a basis for future research on the implications of infant handling for group dynamics and infant development.
System genetic analysis of intestinal cancer and periodontitis development as influenced by aging and diabesity using Collaborative Cross mice
Authors: Lone Iqbal M. , Zohud Osayd , Midlej Kareem , Brenner Charles , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that young, chow‐fed inbred mice poorly model the complexity of human carcinogenesis. In humans, age and adiposity are major risk factors for malignancies, but most genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) induce carcinogenesis too rapidly to study these influences. Standard strains, such as C57BL/6, commonly used in GEMMs, further limit the exploration of aging and metabolic health effects. A similar challenge arises in modeling periodontitis, a disease influenced by aging, diabesity, and genetic architecture. We propose using diverse mouse populations with hybrid vigor, such as the Collaborative Cross (CC) × ApcMin hybrid, to slow disease progression and better model human colorectal cancer (CRC) and comorbidities. This perspective highlights the advantages of this model, where delayed carcinogenesis reveals interactions with aging and adiposity. Unlike ApcMin mice, which develop cancer rapidly, CC × ApcMin hybrids recapitulate human‐like progression. This facilitates the identification of modifier loci affecting inflammation, diet susceptibility, organ size, and polyposis distribution. The CC × ApcMin model offers a transformative platform for studying CRC as a disease of adulthood, reflecting its complex interplay with aging and comorbidities. The insights gained from this approach will enhance early detection, management, and treatment strategies for CRC and related conditions.