bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Audible Life of the Image
Authors: Wills David 
Published: February 2011

"Since at least 1980 Godard’s cinema has been explicitly looking for (its) music, as if for its outside. In Sauve qui peut (la vie) Paul Godard hears, and asks about it, coming through the hotel room wall, and it follows him down to the lobby, but remains “off,” like Marguerite Duras’s voice, in spite of his questions, until the final sequence. At that moment, at the end of the section entitled “Music,” the protagonist is at the same time struck by a car and struck by the entrance of the music into the diegetic present of the film, as the camera pans past an orchestra playing on the sidewalk while Paul fades off under the quizzical gaze of his daughter. By 2004, with Notre musique, it would seem to have taken over the whole text, for the film was announced as being about the collaboration between Godard and German record label ECM. In the context of that film it is difficult to determine both what that music is and who we are, although this discussion will try to advance a hypothesis in that regard. In fact, my main contention will be that music in Godard’s films functions as something like the absent image(s), not those it has lost but rather its cinema to come, what remains to be discovered and live within it, the survival of it. Not a cinema that cannot be seen, rather the image that can perhaps only be heard; and not the romantic or psychedelic dream of a synaesthetic apotheosis either, rather the technological coincidence of sonimage that has also been the precise direction of Godard’s cinematic research for more than thirty years. For the argument I will be making here is inscribed within my own investigation of what I call “technological life,” the means by which, in “prosthetic” symbiosis, or “dorsal” umbrality, a form lives beyond the simplistic opposition of animate and inanimate, or against the reductive presuppositions of autokinetic ipseity..."
Shot and Counter-shot: Presence, Obscurity, and the Breakdown of Discourse in Godard’s Notre Musique
Authors: Barr Burlin 
Published: February 2011

"Notre Musique includes a lengthy sequence that involves a presentation by Godard on the relationship between text and image. The occasion of the lecture is a conference in Sarajevo titled European Literary Encounters, an annual event first organized in 2000. Godard gave his lecture in 2002 and the long middle-section of the film offers a "lightly fictionalized restaging" of his address and of other encounters surrounding the conference. The narrative setting of the majority of this film, then, is a space of discourse (a conference and a lecture), but I suggest that the film is conceptually sited more generally and abstractly in the "space" or “frame” of discourse itself. Because it ponders various parameters—spatial, historical, conceptual—that allow or disallow discursive connection, I regard Notre Musique as an extended meditation on the possibilities for and barriers to discourse. By siting the film in Sarajevo, Godard is clearly highlighting a frame for this meditation—a frame that includes a history of violence and reconciliation. The conference is decidedly international and takes place in a city with a rich cosmopolitan and multi-ethnic history, even as it bears the scars of violence and ethnic division. Sarajevo, moreover, is a city with a complex relationship to the state—having been a nucleus to various formations of state and empire in the last century. In its history and in the present, Sarajevo is a site of discourse and discord; of the union and clash of influences (be they religious, political, or ethnic). Hence, Sarajevo’s relevance to the film is not merely one of documentary fidelity (because it was the host city for the conference). It is a perfect site for Godard to pursue a line of reflection on discourse and its breakdown in the frame of changing formations of power. Sarjevo as a site also calls attention to how the parties or constituencies for discourse remain in states of flux—either through processes of self-definition from within or misrecognition (or nonrecognition) from without..."
FEA MODELING OF SCHALLAMACH WAVES
Authors: Gabriel P. , Fukahori Y. , Thomas A. G. , Busfield J. J. C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe term Schallamach wave is used to describe a wave of detachment that sometimes arises during the frictional sliding of a smooth rubber surface against a smooth rigid surface. Extensive experimental investigations have been made since Schallamach first observed the waves in 1971; however, no successful finite element analysis (FEA) modeling of the behavior has been reported yet. This work uses an explicit dynamics FEA approach to model both the initiation and progression of waves of detachment for the first time. The use of the finite element method allows for the detailed stress and strain analysis at the interface to be examined. Here, the limitations of using a purely elastic solution in plane-strain are explored. To validate the explicit dynamics approach for modeling the Schallamach waves, another biaxial compressive buckling mode has also been modeled.
FRACTURE MODELING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES FOR DESIGN APPLICATIONS
Authors: Gurvich Mark R. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Existing approaches of fracture analysis of elastomeric materials are primarily based on classical Griffith's theory of crack growth. There are numerous experimental, analytical, and computational studies covering applications of these approaches for a wide range of different polymeric materials, loading and environmental conditions, methods of testing and modeling, and so on. However, these results are usually based on certain assumptions regarding original cracks (their sizes, shapes, locations, etc.); that is, damage initiation is considered as the input of such analysis rather than the output. To avoid this challenge, an advanced approach predicting both (a) damage initiation and (b) damage growth is considered in this study for analysis of hyperelastic materials such as rubber and elastomeric composites. The approach is specifically proposed for finite element analysis implementation and is based on so-called cohesive elements. Such elements mimic contact between individual elements and account for both material strength and toughness properties. Implementation of the approach for hyperelastic deformation is considered in detail. Presented examples illustrate computational efficiency and benefits of the approach for design applications. Challenges and opportunities of material characterization for the approach are discussed as well.
Molecular Structure and Processing Characteristics of Metallocene EPDM Rubbers
Authors: Liang Wenbin , Tang Solomon , Vara Rajan , Daniel Sherrika , Watson Sandra , Bette Cristiano , Clayfield Tim 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We report the molecular structure and processing characteristics of a series of metallocene-based EPDM rubbers. The relationships between molecular weight and composition distributions and the ENB content of the polymers, and their effects on network structure development are investigated. Experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that, compared to EPDM of broad MWD, EPDM rubbers with narrow MWD can achieve faster cure and higher degree of cure at equal or lower ENB level during vulcanization. The processing behaviors and mechanical properties of rubber compositions and formed articles based on EPDM grades of different manufacturing technologies are evaluated. The combination of high MW and narrow MWD of the metallocene EPDM polymers enables fast cure rate, high cure efficiency, and improved scorch safety during processing, and good mechanical strength of fabricated articles of the formulations. Specific examples will be given in the paper.
Flocculation in Silica Reinforced Rubber Compounds
Authors: Mihara S. , Datta R. N. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Flocculation plays an important role in reinforcement of silica filled rubber compounds, even if coupling agents are applied. It is well known that silica tends to flocculate during the early stages of vulcanization, when no dense rubber network has been formed yet. In the present study, flocculation was monitored by following the change in storage modulus at low strain, the so-called Payne effect, using a RPA2000 dynamic mechanical tester. The kinetic parameters: the rate constant and the activation energy of the silica flocculation were calculated according to the well-known Arrhenius equation. On basis of the value of the activation energy obtained for flocculation, it can be concluded that the silica flocculation is a purely physical phenomenon. Bound rubber measurements were also done in order to estimate the interfacial interaction layer between silica and polymer resulting from the coupling agent. The silica flocculation rate decreases with increasing interfacial interaction layer on the silica surface. This indicates that the decrease of the flocculation rate is due to the shielding effect of the coupling agent. It is argued that the attractive flux from forces related to polarity differences between the silica and the rubber is the determining factor for silica flocculation.
Memory of Prior Dynamic Strain History in Filled Rubbers
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Robertson Christopher G. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We recently discovered that particle-reinforced rubbers after being sheared (or aged) in oscillation at a frequency ƒa at a small strain γa (e.g., ∼1% strain) for time ta can often display a spectrum hole or drop in their dissipation spectra. The location of the hole depends on the aging strain amplitude γa. The depth of this hole is influenced by both the oscillatory aging frequency ƒa and the aging duration ta, and follows a simple power relationship of the product of ƒa and ta. Sequential shear at two strains reveals that when γa1&gt;γa2 the resulting dynamic spectra appear to be a combination of that aged at γa1 and γa2, whereas for γa1&gt;γa2, the resulting dynamic spectra only reflect the characteristic hole burning of the second strain after holding at γa2. This new memory effect occurs at very small strains in filled elastomers and involves material stiffening during the strain aging; both of those features are quite different from the Mullins effect. Also, this new memory is found to last for more than 10 days without any noticeable sign of disappearing.
Submicrometer Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Obtained by Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of Miscible Poly(Ε-Caprolactone)/Dimethacrylate Systems
Authors: L'Abee Roy , Verbruggen Marloes , van Duin Martin , Spoelstra Anne , Goossens Han 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Reaction-induced phase separation of initially miscible mixtures of poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and elastomer precursors based on difunctional methacrylate resins was applied to prepare thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with rubber particle sizes ranging from 80 to 900 nm. The radicals formed by the peroxide decomposition initiate the formation of a cross-linked rubber network with gel contents exceeding 90%, but also abstract hydrogen atoms from the aliphatic moieties in PCL. This leads to the formation of PCL-grafted rubber particles, which show a high nucleating efficiency for crystallization of the PCL matrix. It is demonstrated that the tensile and elastic properties of these TPVs are determined by a complex interplay of the morphology, the type of elastomer precursor, the extent of PCL grafting, the crystallinity, and the lamellar thickness. The materials showed a rheological behavior that is typical for TPVs, for which the melt changes from an elastic to a viscous behavior above a critical stress.
Reinforcement Mechanisms in Nanofilled Polymer Melts and Elastomers
Authors: Sternstein S. S. , Amanuel Samuel , Shofner Meisha L. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Mechanical reinforcement in nanofilled polymer melts and elastomers was investigated with emphasis on low filler concentrations ranging from zero to 12.5 vol. %. Composite samples were prepared using a poly(vinyl acetate) matrix with each of three different filler types. Two fumed-silica fillers with different surface chemistry were used. One had an untreated (not-treated) surface (NT) containing hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with the matrix polymer, and one had a surface treatment (ST) that prevents such bonds from forming. In addition, a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) filler was used in order to provide no appreciable filler—matrix bonding. Dynamic mechanical data were obtained within the linear viscoelastic region using symmetric, simple shear specimens. Data are presented in the form of superposition master curves of storage shear modulus versus reduced frequency. The increase in storage modulus with filler addition is strongly dependent on the frequency of observation. At higher reduced frequencies, that is, the glassy end of the master curve, reinforcement R (defined as the storage modulus of the composite divided by that of the neat polymer, at a given reduced frequency) is low and has values typically predicted by micromechanics theory, ca. 1.5 at 12.5% filler. Conversely, at lower reduced frequencies in the rubbery plateau region, reinforcement is many times larger than what current theory predicts, ca. 50 or more. In addition, the long relaxation times of the matrix polymer are extended by filler addition, for example, by more than 2 decades for the 12.5% NT filler composite. The relaxation time distribution of the matrix polymer depends on the filler type and concentration, and the master curves themselves cannot be superposed. Of major importance, it is found that the reinforcement increases exponentially with a reduced filler volume fraction defined as the actual volume fraction ϕ divided by a scale factor ψ, that is, R=exp(ϕ/ψ). This scale factor, or “scaling volume fraction”, is specific to the filler-matrix composite system. The initial slope of the reinforcement versus filler volume fraction curve at zero filler is given by 1/ψ, which varies from 28.6 for NT filler to 3.57 for PTFE filler. These values should be compared to the 2.5 found in the Einstein and Guth-Gold theories, both of which fail to describe the physics of reinforcement in polymeric melts. The implications of these findings to the root mechanism of reinforcement and the origin of the Payne effect are discussed in terms of a postulated filler-induced conformational restriction model based on the physics of the polymeric matrix in the presence of filler.
Trouser Tearing of a Model Natural Rubber Tire Belt Vulcanizate. Part 3: Effect of Deformation During Anaerobic Aging
Authors: Hamed G. R. , Hiza S. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The effect of test rate and cure time on the trouser tear strength of a model NR tire belt vulcanizate was discussed previously. Specimens had thick legs and a thin (intended) tear path. Particular attention was paid to the type (steady, stick-slip) and locus of tearing. We now employ trouser tear test pieces that were held at fixed extension ratio λ0 perpendicular to specimen length while they were anaerobically aged for 48 h at 120 °C. After aging, specimens were released and retracted to λr before they were torn apart at 23 °C. When aging had taken place without pre-extension (λr=1), specimens remained strong and tearing was knotty, but tearing became steady and easy when test pieces had been sufficiently extended during aging.
Macular Function in Prediabetic and Diabetic Omani Adults: A Microperimetric Evaluation
Authors: Al Shafaee Mohammed , Shenoy Radha , Bialasiewicz Alexander A. , Ganguly Shyam S. , Bhargava Kamlesh 
Published: February 2011

Purpose. To assess if functional visual loss preceded structural changes or vice versa in diabetic patients by evaluating the macular function in prediabetic patients and in diabetic patients with varying grades of retinopathy and comparing the findings with those of age-matched healthy controls by means of microperimetry Methods. Retinal sensitivity, fixation pattern, and test response were evaluated in 25 prediabetic patients (50 eyes), 25 diabetic patients (50 eyes), and 25 age-related normal nondiabetic patients (50 eyes) using Nidek microperimetry. The diabetic patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of clinical and fundus fluorescein angiographic evidence: group 1 = no clinical or angiographic evidence of retinopathy, group 2 = background retinopathy only, group 3 = with macular edema. Classification of retinopathy was based on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study standards. Statistical analysis was conducted by Fisher exact test. Results. In diabetic patients, 20 eyes (40%) had no clinical or angiographic evidence of retinopathy, 13 eyes (26 %) had background changes, and 17 eyes (34%) had macular edema. Statistically significant difference in the fixation pattern, test response, and retinal sensitivity was noted in the diabetic and the prediabetic patients when compared to the controls. Conclusions. Significant loss of macular function in the eyes of prediabetic subjects was noted. These preliminary findings probably support the hypothesis that neurodegeneration precedes mi-croangiopathy.
Extensive Submacular Hemorrhage following Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Small Occult Choroidal Neovascular Membrane
Authors: Rouvas Alexandras , Petrou Petros , Vergados loannis , Theodossiadis Georgios , Theodossiadis Panagiotis 
Published: February 2011

Purpose Although intravitreal ranibizumab represents an established therapeutic approach for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the possible occurrence of adverse events remains under ongoing research. The purpose of this report is to present an incidence of an extensive submacular hemorrhage after intravitreal ranibizumab administration. Methods Interventional case report. Results A 72-year-old woman was referred to our retinal department for sudden visual loss in the right eye (RE). She had undergone an intravitreal ranibizumab injection 48 hours prior to her presentation. She had known AMD with a confirmed occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) for which she had been subjected to a total of 24 intravitreal injections in the RE (with monthly intervals) over the last 2 years. Clinical examination revealed an extensive submacular hemorrhage in the RE. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of a submacular hemorrhage soon after ranibizumab administration in a patient with a small occult CNV. Although such a correlation cannot be established, the authors underline the possibility of such an adverse event in patients with small CNVs following a long therapeutic course involving high injection volume.
Digital phantom versus patient‐specific radiation dosimetry in adult routine thorax CT examinations
Authors: Papadakis Antonios E. , Giannakaki Vassiliki , Stratakis John , Myronakis Marios , Zaidi Habib , Damilakis John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the organ doses assessed through a digital phantom‐based and a patient specific‐based dosimetric tool in adult routine thorax computed tomography (CT) examinations with reference to physical dose measurements performed in anthropomorphic phantoms.MethodsTwo Monte Carlo based dose calculation tools were used to assess organ doses in routine adult thorax CT examinations. These were a digital phantom‐based dosimetry tool (NCICT, National Cancer Institute, USA) and a patient‐specific individualized dosimetry tool (ImpactMC, CT Imaging GmbH, Germany). Digital phantoms and patients were classified in four groups according to their water equivalent diameter (Dw). Normalized to volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), organ dose was assessed for lungs, esophagus, heart, breast, active bone marrow, and skin. Organ doses were compared to measurements performed using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) in two physical anthropomorphic phantoms that simulate the average adult individual as a male (Alderson Research Labs, USA) and as a female (ATOM Phantoms, USA).ResultsThe average percent difference of NCICT to TLD and ImpactMC to TLD dose measurements across all organs in both sexes was 13% and 6%, respectively. The average ± 1 standard deviation in dose values across all organs with NCICT, ImpactMC, and TLDs was ± 0.06 (mGy/mGy), ± 0.19 (mGy/mGy), and ± 0.13 (mGy/mGy), respectively. Organ doses decreased with increasing Dw in both NCICT and ImpactMC.ConclusionOrgan doses estimated with ImpactMC were in closer agreement to TLDs compared to NCICT. This may be attributed to the inherent property of ImpactMC methodology to generate phantoms that resemble the realistic anatomy of the examined patient as opposed to NCICT methodology that incorporates an anatomical discrepancy between phantoms and patients.
Self‐Assembled Protection Layer Induced by Bifunctional Additive for Reversible Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Wenwei , Yu Jia , Wu Lu , Zhang Anran , Zhang Jiayang , Wang Huan , Liao Xiaobin , Zhao Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc metal battery (AZMB) has received widespread attention due to the advantages of low cost and high safety. However, challenges of dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and other side‐reaction impede the performance of the Zn anode. Herein, 4‐amino‐benzene‐sulfonic acid (ABSA) is proposed as an additive to the ZnSO4 electrolyte for improving the performance of AZMB. Combined analyses of theoretical calculations and experiment results, ABSA assumes a pivotal function in constructing an adsorptive layer, facilitating the subsequent formation of a stable sulfur‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). Consequently, the SEI layer modulates the pathway of Zn2+ electrodeposition/dissolution and effectively hinders the deleterious growth of dendrites and unwanted side reactions. As a result, the Zn||Zn cells stably cycles for 2500 h at 1 mAh cm−2/1 mA cm−2 and over 1000 h at 10 mAh cm−2/10 mA cm−2. Significantly, the pouch cell of Zn||VO2 can obtain the specific capacity of 151 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. This work may provide a new perspective for designing advanced electrolytes from the prospect of interface protection for the AZMB and other metal ion batteries.
Dual Ion Regulated Eutectogels with High Elasticity and Adhesive Strength for Accurate Strain Sensors
Authors: Sun Yaozhou , Cheng Yin , Shi Liangjing , Sun Jing , Chen Shuangjun , Wang Ranran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEutectogels have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their broad application potential, good environmental stability, biocompatibility, and low cost. Currently reported eutectogels generally show large residue strain and hysteresis, which will cause output signal inconsistency between the loading and unloading processes and is not conducive to accurate strain monitoring. Besides, the low adhesiveness of available eutectogels brings about difficulties in the installation of the sensors and dynamic interfacial stability between the sensors and human skin. Herein, a dual ion regulation strategy is proposed to obtain eutectogels with high resilience, high adhesiveness, ultralow residue strain, wide temperature adaptability (−20–60 °C) and good environmental stability. Strain sensors based on gradient eutectogels exhibit high sensitivity, a wide linear response range, and good cycling stability. The response curve shows negligible electrical hysteresis, providing consistent output signals at the fixed strain regardless of stretch or release. Accurate micrometry with a step as minute as 50 µm is realized. Moreover, the sensors demonstrate higher signal intensity and stability in human physiological signals and motion detection due to the strong interfacial bonding.