bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social relationships as strategic variable in the sharing economy: an empirical analysis of accommodation-sharing market
Authors: Ravula Prashanth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccommodation services are perceived by consumers as possessing a greater purchase risk compared to goods, especially in first-purchase situations and during international travel. To mitigate this risk, consumer prospects look for cues that indicate the quality of service they can expect. This research investigates the role of social relationships in consumer purchase decision-making within rapidly growing accommodation sector of the sharing economy. Utilizing Airbnb’s social connection feature, consumers can see how they are socially connected with Airbnb hosts worldwide. We employ a censored proportional hazard model on a sample of 4,316 consumer prospects who have used social connection feature at least once. Additionally, we re-estimate the model using a propensity score matched sample of 8,632 consumers. The study reveals a positive association between the use of social connection feature and the hazard rate. Specifically, findings indicate that the using social connection feature for searching for accommodation reduces the time to make a first purchase. The article discusses the managerial implications of these findings.
Viral decisions: unmasking the impact of COVID-19 info and behavioral quirks on investment choices
Authors: Rehman Wasim ul , Saltik Omur , Jalil Faryal , Degirmen Suleyman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions and the moderating role of COVID-19 pandemic information sharing. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of considering cognitive biases and sociodemographic factors in analyzing investor behavior and in designing agent-based models for market simulation. The findings reveal that these behavioral factors significantly positively affect investment decisions, aligning with prior research. The agent-based model’s outcomes indicate that younger, less experienced agents are more prone to herding behavior and perform worse in the simulation compared to their older, higher-income counterparts. In conclusion, the results offer valuable insights into the influence of behavioral biases and the moderating role of COVID-19 pandemic information sharing on investment decisions. Investors can leverage these insights to devise effective strategies that foster rational decision-making during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Feasibility and acceptability of NIDUS-professional, a training and support intervention for homecare workers caring for clients living with dementia: a cluster-randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Cooper Claudia , Zabihi Sedigheh , Akhtar Amirah , Lee Teresa , Isaaq Abdinasir , Le Novere Marie , Barber Julie , Lord Kathryn , Rapaport Penny , Banks Sara , Duggan Sandra , Ogden Margaret , Walters Kate , Orgeta Vasiliki , Rockwood Kenneth , Butler Laurie T , Manthorpe Jill , Dow Briony , Hoe Juanita , Hunter Rachael , Banerjee Sube , Budgett Jessica , Duffy Larisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the first randomised controlled trial of a dementia training and support intervention in UK homecare agencies, we aimed to assess: acceptability of our co-designed, manualised training, delivered by non-clinical facilitators; outcome completion feasibility; and costs for a future trial.MethodsThis cluster-randomised (2:1) single-blind, feasibility trial involved English homecare agencies. Intervention arm agency staff were offered group videocall sessions: 6 over 3 months, then monthly for 3 months (NIDUS-professional). Family carers (henceforth carers) and clients with dementia (dyads) were offered six to eight complementary, individual intervention sessions (NIDUS-Family). We collected potential trial measures as secondary outcomes remotely at baseline and 6 months: HCW (homecare worker) Work-related Strain Inventory (WRSI), Sense of Competence (SoC); proxy-rated Quality of Life (QOL), Disability Assessment for Dementia scale (DAD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Homecare Satisfaction (HCS).ResultsFrom December 2021 to September 2022, we met agency (4 intervention, 2 control) and HCWs (n = 62) recruitment targets and recruited 16 carers and 16/60 planned clients. We met a priori progression criteria for adherence (≥4/6 sessions: 29/44 [65.9%,95% confidence interval (CI): 50.1,79.5]), HCW or carer proxy-outcome completion (15/16 (93.8% [69.8,99.8]) and proceeding with adaptation for HCWs outcome completion (46/63 (73.0% [CI: 60.3,83.4]). Delivery of NIDUS-Professional costs was £6,423 (£137 per eligible client). WRSI scores decreased and SoC increased at follow-up, with no significant between-group differences. For intervention arm proxy-rated outcomes, carer-rated QOL increased, HCW-rated was unchanged; carer and HCW-rated NPI decreased; DAD decreased (greater disability) and HCS was unchanged.ConclusionA pragmatic trial is warranted; we will consider using aggregated, agency-level client outcomes, including neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Keratin 17 is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Delgado-Coka Lyanne A , Roa-Peña Lucia , Babu Sruthi , Horowitz Michael , Petricoin Emanuel F , Matrisian Lynn M , Blais Edik M , Marchenko Natalia , Allard Felicia D , Akalin Ali , Jiang Wei , Larson Brent K , Hendifar Andrew E , Picozzi Vincent J , Choi Minsig , Shroyer Kenneth R , Escobar-Hoyos Luisa F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the role of keratin 17 (K17) as a predictive biomarker for response to chemotherapy by defining thresholds of K17 expression based on immunohistochemical tests that could be used to optimize therapeutic intervention for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
We profiled K17 expression, a hallmark of the basal molecular subtype of PDAC, by immunohistochemistry in 2 cohorts of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDACs (n = 305). We determined a K17 threshold of expression to optimize prognostic stratification according to the lowest Akaike information criterion and explored the potential relationship between K17 and chemoresistance by multivariate predictive analyses.

Results
Patients with advanced-stage, low K17 PDACs treated using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–based chemotherapeutic regimens had 3-fold longer survival than corresponding cases treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. By contrast, PDACs with high K17 did not respond to either regimen. The predictive value of K17 was independent of tumor mutation status and other clinicopathologic variables.

Conclusions
The detection of K17 in 10% or greater of PDAC cells identified patients with shortest survival. Among patients with low K17 PDACs, 5-FU–based treatment was more likely than gemcitabine-based therapies to extend survival.
Factor VIII and Incident Hypertension in Black and White Adults: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort
Authors: Stoutenburg Eric , Sherman Sarah , Bravo Maria , Howard Virginia , Mukaz Debora Kamin , Cushman Mary , Zakai Neil A , Judd Suzanne , Plante Timothy B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Nearly half of all Americans have hypertension, and Black adults experience a disproportionate burden. Hypercoagulability may relate to hypertension risk, and higher levels of factor VIII increase thrombosis risk. Black adults have higher factor VIII and more hypertension than other groups. Whether higher factor VIII associates with incident hypertension is unknown.

METHODS
The Biomarkers as Mediators of Racial Disparities in Risk Factors (BioMedioR) study measured certain biomarkers in a sex-race stratified sample of 4,400 REGARDS participants who attended both visits. We included BioMedioR participants, excluding those with prevalent hypertension, missing factor VIII level, or covariates of interest. Modified Poisson regression estimated risk ratios (RR) for incident hypertension by higher log-transformed factor VIII level per SD (SD of log-transformed factor VIII, 0.33). Weighting was applied to take advantage of REGARDS sampling design.

RESULTS
Among the 1,814 participants included (55% female, 24% Black race), the median follow-up was 9.5 years and 35% (2,146/6,138) developed hypertension. Black participants had a higher median (IQR) factor VIII level (105.6%; 87.1%–126.9%) than White participants (95.6%; 79.8%–115.9%; P &lt; 0.001). The age- and sex-adjusted Black–White hypertension RR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.28, 1.63). Higher factor VIII was not associated with more hypertension (final model RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94, 1.07).

CONCLUSIONS
In a prospective study of Black and White adults without prevalent hypertension, factor VIII was not associated with greater hypertension risk.
Increased frequency and mortality in persons with neurological disorders during COVID-19
Authors: Marsters Candace M , Bakal Jeffrey A , Lam Grace Y , McAlister Finlay A , Power Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Determining the frequency and outcomes of neurological disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is imperative for understanding risks and for recognition of emerging neurological disorders. We investigated the susceptibility and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among persons with premorbid neurological disorders, in addition to the post-infection incidence of neurological sequelae, in a case–control population-based cohort.
Using health service data collected between 1 March 2020 and 30 June 2021, we constructed a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive (n = 177 892) and -negative (n = 177 800) adults who were age, sex and comorbidity matched and underwent RT-PCR testing at similar times. COVID-19-associated mortality rates were examined within the cohort. Neurological sequelae were analysed during the acute (&lt;3 months) and the post-acute (3–9 months) phases post-infection.
The risk of death was significantly greater in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive (2140 per 100 000 person years) compared with RNA-negative (922 per 100 000 person years) over a follow-up of 9 months, particularly amongst those with premorbid neurological disorders: adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) in persons with a prior history of parkinsonism, 1.65 (1.15–2.37); dementia, 1.30 (1.11–1.52); seizures, 1.91 (1.26–2.87); encephalopathy, 1.82 (1.02–3.23); and stroke, 1.74 (1.05–2.86). There was also a significantly increased risk for diagnosis of new neurological sequelae during the acute time phase after COVID-19, including encephalopathy, 2.0 (1.10–3.64); dementia, 1.36 (1.07–1.73); seizure, 1.77 (1.22–2.56); and brain fog, 1.96 (1.20–3.20). These risks persisted into the post-acute phase after COVID-19, during which inflammatory myopathy (2.57, 1.07–6.15) and coma (1.87, 1.22–2.87) also became significantly increased.
Thus, persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection and premorbid neurological disorders are at greater risk of death, and SARS-CoV-2 infection was complicated by increased risk of new-onset neurological disorders in both the acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19.
Spatial enrichment and genomic analyses reveal the link of NOMO1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Guo Jingyan , You Linya , Zhou Yu , Hu Jiali , Li Jiahao , Yang Wanli , Tang Xuelin , Sun Yimin , Gu Yuqi , Dong Yi , Chen Xi , Sato Christine , Zinman Lorne , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Wang Jian , Chen Yan , Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe motor neuron disease with uncertain genetic predisposition in most sporadic cases. The spatial architecture of cell types and gene expression are the basis of cell–cell interactions, biological function and disease pathology, but are not well investigated in the human motor cortex, a key ALS-relevant brain region. Recent studies indicated single nucleus transcriptomic features of motor neuron vulnerability in ALS motor cortex. However, the brain regional vulnerability of ALS-associated genes and the genetic link between region-specific genes and ALS risk remain largely unclear.
Here, we developed an entropy-weighted differential gene expression matrix-based tool (SpatialE) to identify the spatial enrichment of gene sets in spatial transcriptomics. We benchmarked SpatialE against another enrichment tool (multimodal intersection analysis) using spatial transcriptomics data from both human and mouse brain tissues. To investigate regional vulnerability, we analysed three human motor cortex and two dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissues for spatial enrichment of ALS-associated genes. We also used Cell2location to estimate the abundance of cell types in ALS-related cortex layers. To dissect the link of regionally expressed genes and ALS risk, we performed burden analyses of rare loss-of-function variants detected by whole-genome sequencing in ALS patients and controls, then analysed differential gene expression in the TargetALS RNA-sequencing dataset.
SpatialE showed more accurate and specific spatial enrichment of regional cell type markers than multimodal intersection analysis in both mouse brain and human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Spatial transcriptomic analyses of human motor cortex showed heterogeneous cell types and spatial gene expression profiles. We found that 260 manually curated ALS-associated genes are significantly enriched in layer 5 of the motor cortex, with abundant expression of upper motor neurons and layer 5 excitatory neurons. Burden analyses of rare loss-of-function variants in Layer 5-associated genes nominated NOMO1 as a novel ALS-associated gene in a combined sample set of 6814 ALS patients and 3324 controls (P = 0.029). Gene expression analyses in CNS tissues revealed downregulation of NOMO1 in ALS, which is consistent with a loss-of-function disease mechanism. In conclusion, our integrated spatial transcriptomics and genomic analyses identified regional brain vulnerability in ALS and the association of a layer 5 gene (NOMO1) with ALS risk.
Sulfur-containing soft Lewis base polymers for improved lithium-ion conductivity under polymer-in-salt conditions
Authors: Chiba Akinari , Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes have been intensively studied to improve the safety and energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). Although high-rate performance of LiBs has been reported in electrolytes under polymer-in-salt conditions with an excess of lithium salts and polymers, effective conditions for achieving high ionic conductivity remain unresolved. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism and high Li-ion transportability of poly(sulfone-thioether) under polymer-in-salt conditions. In particular, the composition of the polymer with an asymmetric Li salt, lithium(fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiFTFSI), induced a high ionic conductivity above 10−5 S/cm, which is higher than that of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-Li salt system. Under polymer-in-salt conditions, the enhanced conductivity of poly(sulfone-thioether) contrasts with the conductivity drop observed in the conventional PEO system. These results show the superiority of polymers with soft Lewis bases, such as sulfur donor atoms, for Li-ion transport under polymer-in-salt conditions.
Disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease: T-cell engagers versus CAR T-cell therapy?
Authors: Shah Kavina , Leandro Maria , Cragg Mark , Kollert Florian , Schuler Franz , Klein Christian , Reddy Venkat 
Published: April 2024

Summary
B and T cells collaborate to drive autoimmune disease (AID). Historically, B- and T-cell (B–T cell) co-interaction was targeted through different pathways such as alemtuzumab, abatacept, and dapirolizumab with variable impact on B-cell depletion (BCD), whereas the majority of patients with AID including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and organ transplantation benefit from targeted BCD with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab. Refractory AID is a significant problem for patients with incomplete BCD with a greater frequency of IgD−CD27+ switched memory B cells, CD19+CD20− B cells, and plasma cells that are not directly targeted by anti-CD20 antibodies, whereas most lymphoid tissue plasma cells express CD19. Furthermore, B–T-cell collaboration is predominant in lymphoid tissues and at sites of inflammation such as the joint and kidney, where BCD may be inefficient, due to limited access to key effector cells. In the treatment of cancer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and T-cell engagers (TCE) that recruit T cells to induce B-cell cytotoxicity have delivered promising results for anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapies, the CD19 TCE blinatumomab and CD20 TCE such as mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, or epcoritamab. Limited evidence suggests that anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy may be effective in managing refractory AID whereas we await evaluation of TCE for use in non-oncological indications. Therefore, here, we discuss the potential mechanistic advantages of novel therapies that rely on T cells as effector cells to disrupt B–T-cell collaboration toward overcoming rituximab-resistant AID.
Effects of captive-breeding conditions on metabolic and performance traits in an endangered, endemic cyprinidontiform fish
Authors: Masó Guillem , García-Berthou Emili , Merciai Roberto , Latorre Dani , Vila-Gispert Anna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Captive breeding and stocking are commonly employed strategies for enhancing fisheries and conserving endangered fish species. However, hatchery-raised fish often exhibit reduced performance in the wild, displaying alterations in physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits. We tested for differences in swimming capacity and metabolic traits between wild and hatchery-reared individuals of the Spanish toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) from 2 different populations. Furthermore, we experimentally tested if these changes translated into fitness differences after their stocking into the wild. There were significant differences in swimming capacity and metabolic traits between wild and hatchery-reared individuals and also between the 2 populations. Captive-bred individuals displayed consistently lower metabolic rates than wild individuals from the same population (30–76% lower). Critical swimming speed rather differed between the 2 populations. Sex-specific differences were observed in maximum and standard metabolic rates, with wild individuals and females generally exhibiting higher values but with some exceptions. During a 3-month experiment, survival rates did not significantly differ between wild and captive-bred fish. Captive-bred individuals started smaller but exhibited rapid growth during the experiment. Initially, larger captive-bred fish had lower body conditions than their wild counterparts, but these differences progressively diminished. In summary, captive-bred individuals of this fish species showed lower metabolic rates, although the differences with wild individuals slightly depended on sex and size.
TOpCLASS Expert Consensus Classification of Perianal Fistulising Crohn’s Disease: A Real-world Application in a Serial Fistula MRI Cohort
Authors: Schroeder Matthew K , Abushamma Suha , George Alvin T , Ravella Balakrishna , Hickman John , Elumalai Anusha , Wise Paul , Zulfiqar Maria , Ludwig Daniel R , Shetty Anup , Viswanath Satish E , Luo Chongliang , Sebastian Shaji , Ballard David H , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Perianal fistuliing Crohn’s disease [PFCD] is an aggressive phenotype of Crohn’s disease defined by frequent relapses and disabling symptoms. A novel consensus classification system was recently outlined by the TOpCLASS consortium, which seeks to unify disease severity with patient-centred goals but has not yet been validated. We aimed to apply this to a real-world cohort and to identify factors that predict transition between classes over time.

Methods
We identified all patients with PFCD and at least one baseline and one follow-up pelvic MRI [pMRI]. TOpCLASS classification, disease characteristics, and imaging indices were collected retrospectively at time periods corresponding with respective MRIs.

Results
We identified 100 patients with PFCD, of whom 96 were assigned TOpCLASS Classes 1–2c at baseline. Most patients [78.1%] started in Class 2b, but changes in classification were observed in 52.1% of all patients. Male sex [72.0%, 46.6%, 40.0%, p = 0.03] and prior perianal surgery [52.0% vs 44.6% vs 40.0%, p = 0.02] were more frequently observed in those with improved class compared to unchanged and worsened class. Baseline pMRI indices were not associated with changes in classification; however, greater improvements in mVAI, MODIFI-CD, and PEMPAC were seen among those who improved. Linear mixed effect modelling identified only male sex [-0.31, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.02] with improvement in class.

Conclusion
The TOpCLASS classification highlights the dynamic nature of PFCD over time. However, our ability to predict transitions between classes remains limited and requires prospective assessment. Improvement in MRI index scores over time was associated with a transition to lower TOpCLASS classification.
Genetic and Functional Diversity Help Explain Pathogenic, Weakly Pathogenic, and Commensal Lifestyles in the Genus Xanthomonas
Authors: Pena Michelle M , Bhandari Rishi , Bowers Robert M , Weis Kylie , Newberry Eric , Wagner Naama , Pupko Tal , Jones Jeffrey B , Woyke Tanja , Vinatzer Boris A , Jacques Marie-Agnès , Potnis Neha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The genus Xanthomonas has been primarily studied for pathogenic interactions with plants. However, besides host and tissue-specific pathogenic strains, this genus also comprises nonpathogenic strains isolated from a broad range of hosts, sometimes in association with pathogenic strains, and other environments, including rainwater. Based on their incapacity or limited capacity to cause symptoms on the host of isolation, nonpathogenic xanthomonads can be further characterized as commensal and weakly pathogenic. This study aimed to understand the diversity and evolution of nonpathogenic xanthomonads compared to their pathogenic counterparts based on their cooccurrence and phylogenetic relationship and to identify genomic traits that form the basis of a life history framework that groups xanthomonads by ecological strategies. We sequenced genomes of 83 strains spanning the genus phylogeny and identified eight novel species, indicating unexplored diversity. While some nonpathogenic species have experienced a recent loss of a type III secretion system, specifically the hrp2 cluster, we observed an apparent lack of association of the hrp2 cluster with lifestyles of diverse species. We performed association analysis on a large data set of 337 Xanthomonas strains to explain how xanthomonads may have established association with the plants across the continuum of lifestyles from commensals to weak pathogens to pathogens. Presence of distinct transcriptional regulators, distinct nutrient utilization and assimilation genes, transcriptional regulators, and chemotaxis genes may explain lifestyle-specific adaptations of xanthomonads.