bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of decoupled payments on the cost of operating capital
Authors: Kropp Jaclyn D. , Whitaker James B. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how decoupled direct payments, paid to farm operators based on historical yields and base acreage, may lead to production distortions by altering a farmer's access to credit or enabling the farmer to receive more favorable credit terms. The authors estimate the impact of decoupled direct payments under the 2002 Farm Bill on the credit terms of farm operators, specifically the interest rate on short‐term operating loans. If farm operators are able to obtain more favorable credit terms and reduce their operating cost, then this offers an additional mechanism through which decoupled payments may distort current production.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate the impact of decoupled direct payments on the interest rate on short‐term operating loans. In the analysis, the authors control for farm financial characteristics, farm operator characteristics, and other factors. Data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey for the years 2005‐2007, are used in the weighted regression analysis. Jackknifed standard errors are also computed.FindingsAs the proportion of base acres to total operated acres increases it is found that interest rates decline by a small but statistically significant amount. This implies that direct payments lead to lower operating costs through better credit terms.Research limitations/implicationsLower operating costs may in turn allow some farmers to expand production or produce on land that would otherwise be unprofitable to operate and hence left idle. Ultimately, this distorts current production. However, the small magnitude of the authors' results suggests that the reduction in interest rates, though positive, may have limited distortionary impacts.Originality/valueThe paper provides evidence that decoupled payments alter a farm operator's credit terms and hence could lead to current production distortions. The paper contributes to the growing body of research investigating the mechanisms by which decoupled payments have the potential to distort current production.
The influence of GM crop adoption on the profitability of farms operated by young and beginning farmers
Authors: Detre Joshua D. , Uematsu Hiroki , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of GM crop adoption on the profitability of farms operated by young and/or beginning farmers and ranchers (YBFR).Design/methodology/approachThis research uses weighted quantile regression analysis in conjunction with 2004‐2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey to evaluate the impact of GM crop adoption on financial performance of farms operated by YBFR. The methodology employed in this study corrects for the simultaneity of technology adoption and farm financial performance.FindingsAs expected, the impact of GM crop adoption on profitability is positively affected by the scale of operation and leverage. On the other hand, off‐farm employment by “beginning” farmers has a negative impact on farm's profitability if they choose to adopt GM crops. Finally, quantile regression results from a farm household study shows that the model performs better at the higher quantile of the distribution.Research limitations/implicationsThis study helps to determine whether the adoption of GM crops increases the profitability of farms operated by “beginning” farmers. In addition, it explores the impact of other factors (such as farm, operator, demographic, and financial characteristics) on the profitability of farms operated by “beginning” farmers.Practical implicationsComputing the profitability of adoption decisions for YBFR will provide significant information to YBFR that they can use in constructing their farm operations strategic business plan and future decisions regarding farming operations.Originality/valueExisting research does not examine the impact of GM crops adoption on farm profitability of YBFR. Furthermore, YBFR operators face significant challenges in making their operations financially viable, owing to lack of access to capital and land.
A behavioral economic analysis of bounded rationality in farm financing decisions
Authors: Musshoff Oliver , Hirschauer Norbert 
Published: May 2011

PurposeOften farmers do not switch to a new bank even if it offers better interest rates than the house bank. This can be attributed partly to transaction costs, and partly to bounded rationality. The purpose of this paper is to better understand farm borrowers by analyzing the role of incomplete information and limited cognitive abilities in their finance decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the analysis were retrieved from a written survey conducted among German farmers who were “experimentally” confronted with a funding problem and who had to make a choice between two loan offers: one from the housebank, and one from a competing bank. Using contingent valuation, each farmer's willingness to pay (WTP) for continuing business with his house bank was assessed.FindingsApproximately 90 per cent of the farmers misjudged the absolute losses caused by higher interest rates. In the frame “accepted interest rate surcharge” the WTP for staying with the house bank was, on average, ten times higher than in the frame “accepted surcharge in Euro”. The misjudgment was found to differ depending on education, the duration of the business relationship, etc. The findings indicate that bounded rationality is a relevant determinant of the “reluctance to switch”.Originality/valueComplementing research on the decision making of lenders, this paper studies the demand side of the agricultural credit market. Two research questions are examined which, to the authors' knowledge, have not previously been investigated through empirical surveys: first, to what extent do farmers make bounded‐rational financing decisions? Second, which factors explain bounded rationality?
Are the Tokyo Grain Exchange non‐genetically modified organism (non‐GMO) and conventional soybean futures markets integrated?
Authors: Aruga Kentaka 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the market linkage and the strength of the linkage between the identity‐preserved (IP) non‐genetically modified organism (non‐GMO) and non‐IP conventional soybean futures markets at the Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) when effects from structural breaks are considered.Design/methodology/approachThe Johansen method is used for testing the market linkage and the law of one price (LOP) test is performed to find out the strength of the linkage. The Bai‐Perron test is conducted on the price series to identify the structural breaks. After the breaks are statistically determined by the Bai‐Perron test the Johansen tests are conducted for every break period.FindingsMarket linkage exists between the non‐GMO and conventional soybean futures markets but the LOP test suggests that the two markets are not fully linked and the relative price of the two soybeans is not constant. The breaks identified in the study affected the market linkage; the price relationship is lost during the break periods.Practical implicationsThe results of this study help explain the value of other new markets where the product traded is a close substitute for an existing market.Originality/valueThis is the first study to apply the market integration theory to an IP market. The TGE non‐GMO soybean contract is the first market price series with sufficient information to appropriately model a price integration linkage for an IP market. The result is valuable in the future when more markets for IP commodities are developed.
Disassembly sequence planning for maintenance based on metaheuristic method
Authors: Zhong Lu , Youchao Sun , Ekene Gabriel Okafor , Haiqiao Wu 
Published: May 2011

PurposeMaintenance disassembly that involves separating failed components from an assembly or system plays a vital role in line maintenance of civil aircraft, and it is necessary to have an effective and optimal sequence planning in order to reduce time and cost in maintenance. The purpose of the paper is to develop a more effective disassembly sequence planning method for maintenance of large equipment including civil aircraft systems.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology involves the following steps: a component‐fastener graph is built to describe the equipment in terms of classifying components into two categories that are functional components and fasteners; interference matrix is developed to determine the removable component, and a disassembly sequence planning of functional components is proposed based on Dijkstra's algorithm; the disassembly sequence planning including fasteners is presented based on particle swarm optimization.FindingsAn application case, which takes the nose landing gear system of a regional jet as a study object, shows that the disassembly sequence planning method proposed in the paper can reduce the calculation complexity greatly, and its effectiveness is greater than that of a genetic algorithm‐based method, in most situations.Practical implicationsThe method proposed herein can acquire the optimal maintenance disassembly sequence, which can reduce the cost and time for maintenance of large equipment.Originality/valueA novel and effective disassembly sequence planning solution for maintenance of large equipment is presented, which can be applied to the line maintenance of civil aircraft.
Elevators in autogyro propeller wake enable low‐speed pitch control
Authors: Traum Matthew J. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeHigh autogyro accident rates prompted experimental investigation of this type of aircraft's low‐speed pitch characteristics. Pitch control is typically derived from main rotor tip‐path‐plane adjustment. Thus, autogyro designers often omit horizontal tails and pitch control surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to enable autogyro low‐speed pitch control by intentionally placing elevators in the propeller wake.Design/methodology/approachWind tunnel tests were conducted on a 1:10 scale teetering rotor autogyro model. The model included a horizontal tail with elevators placed in the propeller wake. Straight‐and‐level flight conditions were estimated via a scaling scheme based on the main rotor diameter. At minimum flight speed, the pitching moment induced by 30° elevator deflection was measured. This process was repeated for a range of elevator positions behind the centre of the pitching rotation.FindingsWhen placed in an autogyro propeller wake, deflected elevators induce significant pitching moments. If the elevator is shadowed from free stream flow by the autogyro cowling, the pitching moment remains unchanged regardless of the distance between elevators and centre of pitch rotation. However, if the elevator is immersed in the freestream, the pitching moment increases via deflection of both propeller wake and freestream flow.Research limitations/implicationsKinematic similarity ensures ratios between propeller wake, wind speed, and main rotor flows are representative of full scale. Without flow visualization, main‐rotor‐diameter‐based scaling does not ensure kinematic similarity. Results are therefore qualitative.Practical implicationsElevators mounted in autogyro propeller wake are worthy of inclusion on all autogyros for pitch control at low speed.Originality/valueImproved low‐speed pitch control arising from elevators mounted in autogyro propeller wake could potentially reduce accidents.
Development of integrated rotorcraft design and virtual manufacturing framework
Authors: Anh Vu Ngoc , Lin Than , Azamatov Abdulaziz , Lwin Tun , Lee Jae‐Woo 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated rotorcraft design and virtual manufacturing framework. The framework consists of two major sub‐frameworks which are e‐design and virtual manufacturing frameworks. This paper aims to describe the process of generating a specific framework for helicopter design and manufacturing in general, and a method for main rotor blade design.Design/methodology/approachThe e‐design process integrates a pre‐conceptual, conceptual and preliminary design phases and includes many high accuracy physics‐based analysis tools and in‐house codes. The development of analysis programs and integration of flow data are discussed under the e‐design process. The virtual manufacturing process discusses physical three‐dimensional (3D) prototypes using rapid prototyping, virtual process simulation model development using Delmia Quest, virtual machine tool simulation and process‐based cost model. Vehicle geometry is modelled parametrically in computer‐aided 3D interactive application (CATIA) V5 to enable integration between the e‐design and virtual manufacturing processes, and then saved in Enovia SmartTeam which is commercial software for product data management (PDM). Data saved in Enovia SmartTeam are used as a database for the virtual manufacturing process.FindingsThe integration framework was constructed by using Model Center software. A multi‐disciplinary design optimization loop for rotor blade considering manufacturing factors is discussed to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the framework.Practical implicationsThe manufacturing (practical factors) could be considered at an early stage of the rotor blades design.Originality/valueThe gap between theoretical (engineering design: aerodynamic, structural, dynamic, design, etc.) and practical aspects (manufacturing) is bridged through integrated product/process development framework. The modern concurrent engineering approach is addressed for helicopter rotor blade design throughout the case study.
Peach juice as an anti‐corrosion inhibitor of mild steel
Authors: Yaro Aprael S. , Khadom Anees A. , Ibraheem Hadeel F. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate peach juice as a cheap, raw, green and non‐toxic anti‐corrosion material for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid at different temperatures.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution in the presence of peach juice at temperature range of 30‐60°C and concentration range of 5‐50 cm3/l was studied using weight loss and polarization techniques. The inhibition effect, adsorption characteristics, mathematical and electrochemical modeling of peach juice were addressed.FindingsResults show that inhibition efficiency rose with the increase of inhibitor concentration and temperature up to 50°C, while at temperatures above 50°C the values of efficiency decreased. The inhibitor adsorbed physically on metal surface and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Monolayer formed spontaneously on the metal surface. Maximum inhibition efficiency obtained was about 91 percent at 50°C in the 50 cm3/l inhibitor concentration.Originality/valueThis work is an attempt to find a new, safe to environment, non‐toxic corrosion inhibitor. Peach juice is a readily available material in Iraq and Middle East markets.
Inhibitive effect of salicylidene‐N‐N′‐dimorpholine towards corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Shah  , Panchal V.A. , Mudaliar G.V. , Shah N.K. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the behavior of salicylidene‐N‐N′‐dimorpholine as a corrosion inhibitor for zinc in hydrochloric acid and the mechanism of its action.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of various parameters on the behavior of this inhibitor have been studied using weight loss, galvanostatic polarization, and cathodic protection methods. Thermodynamic parameters and adsorption data also were utilized.FindingsThe inhibitor showed excellent corrosion inhibition (>99 percent) at effective concentration. It appeared from thermodynamic parameters that an efficient inhibitor is characterized by a relatively greater decrease (i.e. more negative) in free energy of adsorption (ΔGA°), positive values of entropy of adsorption (ΔSA°), and lower heat of adsorption (QA). Galvanostatic polarization data indicate that this is a “mixed” type inhibitor with predominant effect on the cathode. The inhibitor followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm behavior. The cathodic protection indicated that the conjoint action of the inhibitor and the cathodic current was either synergistic or additive.Originality/valueVery few inhibitors exhibit such excellent inhibitive effect on zinc in aggressive corrosive media as is shown in this paper.
A review of the corrosion of laser nitrided Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Shoja Razavi Reza , Reza Gordani Gholam , Man H.C. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the corrosion properties of laser nitrided Ti‐6Al‐4V alloys that have been reported previously by several researchers.Design/methodology/approachDifferent kinds of surface nitriding methods of titanium alloys, such as plasma nitriding, ion nitriding, gas and laser nitriding, are introduced. Microstructure changes, such as phase formation and the influence of laser processing parameters in laser nitriding layers of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloys, were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Based on investigations presented in the literature, the effect of laser nitriding on the corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy was reviewed.FindingsBy regulating the laser processing parameter, the microstructure of the nitrided layer can be controlled to optimize corrosion properties. This layer improves corrosion behavior in most environments, due to the formation of a continuous TiNxOy passive film, which can retard the ingress of corrosive ions into the substrate and can maintain a constant value of a current density. Therefore, the laser gas nitrided specimens have a relatively noble corrosion potential and a very small corrosion current, as compared to untreated specimens.Originality/valueThis paper comprises a critical review, and its collection of references is useful. It summarizes current knowledge in laser surface treatment research.
Critical factors for effective implementation of the HACCP system: a Pareto analysis
Authors: Fotopoulos Christos , Kafetzopoulos Dimitrios , Gotzamani Katerina 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to examine the existing literature on food safety assurance systems and record the vital critical factors that affect the implementation of these systems, in the context of the global food‐processing sector, for the benefit of researchers and industries.Design/methodology/approachA range of published (1995‐2008) articles on food safety is explored that lists the motives for and the barriers to the implementation of the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point plan in descending order of frequency of occurrences. The barriers and motives in this study are referred to as “critical factors of effective implementation” (CFEIs). In addition, the Pareto analysis quality tool was used to sort and arrange the above‐mentioned barriers to and motives for CFEIs of the HACCP system implementation according to their order of criticality.FindingsThe examination and analysis of 31 studies resulted in the identification of 32 factors that affect HACCP implementation. Difficulties exist in managing such a large number of factors in organisations; hence a few vital CFEIs are identified and reported herein, such as the most significant for the HACCP implementation.Practical implicationsThe present study will direct researchers in selecting a more reliable and critical set of CFEIs that will be used in further empirical studies and may help to develop models which measure and sustain the level of performance on safety systems in industries. Industries can also benefit by adopting the results of this study, resulting in a more effective implementation of food safety and quality systems.Originality/valueThis paper highlights and prioritises the difficulties hitherto faced by food companies in the effective implementation of food safety systems. The results of this study will help in a smoother and more effective penetration of food safety and quality systems in food organisations.
Celebrity chefs: expanding empires
Authors: Henderson Joan C. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define key characteristics and income‐generating activities of modern celebrity chefs based on a review of their operations in selected regions of the world. It also aims to examine business models, including growth through internationalisation, and attendant challenges.Design/methodology/approachFindings are based on analysis of secondary data from academic and practitioner materials in the public domain collected from a range of print and electronic sources.FindingsDespite individual differences, celebrity chefs share certain defining characteristics and activities. They have risen to prominence in countries such as the UK and USA where they comprise a powerful commercial force and their influence is apparent in certain of the more economically advanced parts of East Asia, demonstrated by developments in Singapore. The trend can be seen as an example of globalisation, although securing the growth and sustainability of celebrity chef enterprises at home and abroad is a demanding task.Practical implicationsCommercial opportunities are explored as well as some of the problems to be resolved by stakeholders in the celebrity chef industry.Originality/valueResearch into aspects of the business of celebrity chefs is limited, especially with reference to selected East Asian markets, and the paper offers some new insights into the celebrity chef phenomenon there and more widely.
Food recalls, systemic causal factors and managerial implications
Authors: Charlebois Sylvain 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe objectives of this paper are threefold. First, the paper seeks to present principles of crisis management, and crisis preparation and recovery. Second, it aims to narrate the 2008 events to give context for this case study. Third, it seeks to present a conceptual framework for food industry crisis management in the context of food recalls. Finally, it sets out to present conclusions concerning the food recall, managerial changes, limitations, and future research directions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper chose an exploratory case‐study design to guide the study, based on Yin's argument that case studies are the preferred strategy when “how” or “why” questions are being posed, and when the focus is on a modern phenomenon within a real‐life context. Such a design is particularly appropriate for understanding the details and complexity of a phenomenon. A survey study was focused on formal interviews onsite and at the Toronto plant where the recall occurred.FindingsDifferences in institutional and relational rules and subsequent management actions during the food recall are linked to the four axes represented in this study. Based on the findings, values played a key role in crisis management at Premiere Quality Foods during the recall.Research limitations/implicationsThe incident reported in this paper was not compared with any other recalls. The survey also had a limited number of respondents. Several areas of crisis management in the context of a food recall are opened to researchers who have developed a particular interest in the subject. Scholars could explore the conditions that enable or inhibit an organization in effectively detecting and interpreting early crisis warning signals that often lead to a food recall.Originality/valueThe mechanics of crisis management and food recalls are a dangerously under‐developed field. This paper proposes a way of identifying relevant principles for crisis management and discusses a communication problem that is prevalent in food recalls. The paper considers both internal and external causal factors of crisis management related to food recalls. Today's concepts of crisis and food recalls are no longer mainly externally oriented; they are systemic in nature.