bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of attapulgite decorated cetylpyridinium bromide/cellulose acetate composite beads for removal of Cr (VI) ions with emphasis on mechanistic insights
Authors: Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Omer Ahmed M. , Hamad Hesham A. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEco-friendly and renewable composite beads were constructed for efficient adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) ions. Attapulgite (ATP) clay decorated with cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr) was impregnated into cellulose acetate (CA) beads, which were formulated through a simple and cost-effective solvent-exchange approach. FTIR, XRD, SEM, Zeta potential, and XPS characterization tools verified the successful formation of ATP–CPBr@CA beads. The composite beads displayed a spherical and porous shape with a positively charged surface (26.6 mV) at pH 2. In addition, higher adsorption performance was accomplished by ATP–CPBr@CA composite beads with ease of separation compared to their components. Meanwhile, equilibrium isotherms pointed out that the Langmuir model was optimal for describing the adsorption process of Cr (VI) with a maximal adsorption capacity of 302 mg/g. Moreover, the D–R isotherm model verified the physical adsorption process, while adsorption data obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Further, XPS results hypothesized that the removal mechanism involves adsorption via electrostatic interactions, redox reaction, and co-precipitation. Interestingly, the ATP–CPBr@CA composite beads reserved tolerable adsorption characteristics with a maximum removal present exceeding 70% after reuse for seven successive cycles, proposing its feasible applicability as a reusable and easy-separable candidate for removing heavy metals from aquatic bodies.
Using the FIB-4, automatically calculated, followed by the ELF test in second line to screen primary care patients for liver disease
Authors: Ouzan Denis , Penaranda G. , Jlaiel M. , Joly H. , Corneille J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of our work was to evaluate the screening of hepatic fibrosis in primary care using the FIB-4 score, automatically calculated. When the FIB-4 was ≥ 1.3, it was defined as positive, and ELF Test was performed. FIB-4 positivity was confirmed when ELF Test was ≥ 9.8 indicating an advanced fibrosis. Among the 3427 patients included, 869 (25%) had a positive FIB-4 score, 784 (22.5%) at intermediate (FIB-4: 1.3–2.67), and 85 (2.5%) at high risk of fibrosis (FIB-4 > 2.67). 509 (59%) of the FIB-4 positive were confirmed by the ELF Test. The percentage of confirmation was significantly higher in patients over 65 years (83 vs. 57%), with FIB-4 > 2.67 (80 vs. 56%), BMI > 25 (47 vs. 37%), and diabetes (24 vs. 14%), p = 0.001). In patients without known liver disease (92%), the practitioner identified a cause of disease in 27% of cases: mainly NAFLD and alcohol. Liver fibrosis was suspected on FIB-4 in 25% of patients in primary care. The ELF Test, performed as a second-line, improves the screening of liver fibrosis, particularly for FIB-4 intermediate results. A positive FIB-4 test allows physicians to recognize a liver disease, providing an opportunity for timely intervention.Clinical trial registration: Comité de protection des personnes du sud-ouest et outre-mer SI18.00832.201865-MS04-IDRCB 2018-A01571-54.
ClinicalGAN: powering patient monitoring in clinical trials with patient digital twins
Authors: Chandra Shantanu , Prakash P. K. S. , Samanta Subhrajit , Chilukuri Srinivas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConducting clinical trials is becoming increasingly challenging lately due to spiraling costs, increased time to market, and high failure rates. Patient recruitment and retention is one of the key challenges that impact 90% of the trials directly. While a lot of attention has been given to optimizing patient recruitment, limited progress has been made towards developing comprehensive clinical trial monitoring systems to determine patients at risk and potentially improve patient retention through the right intervention at the right time. Earlier research in patient retention primarily focused on using deterministic frameworks to model the inherently stochastic patient journey process. Existing generative approaches to model temporal data such as TimeGAN or CRBM , face challenges and fail to address key requirements such as personalized generation, variable patient journey, and multi-variate time-series needed to model patient digital twin. In response to these challenges, current research proposes ClinicalGAN to enable patient level generation, effectively creating a patient’s digital twin. ClinicalGAN provides capabilities for: (a) patient-level personalized generation by utilizing patient meta-data for conditional generation; (b) dynamic termination prediction to enable pro-active patient monitoring for improved patient retention; (c) multi-variate time-series training to incorporate relationship and dependencies among different tests measures captured during patient journey. The proposed solution is validated on two Alzheimer’s clinical trial datasets and the results are benchmarked across multiple dimensions of generation quality. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed ClinicalGAN outperforms the SOTA approach by 3–4$$\times $$
×
on average across all the generation quality metrics. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is shown to outperform predictive methods at the task of drop-off prediction significantly (5–10% MAPE scores).
An improved IPT-PLL technology for single-phase grid-connected inverters in complex power grid conditions
Authors: Tao Zhang , Dezhi Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAiming at the common problems of frequency variations and harmonics in complex power grids, an improved inverse Park transform phase locked loop (IPT-PLL) technology for single-phase converters suitable for micro grid systems is proposed. Firstly, in the phase detection of PLL, the α component of Park transformation is selected as the reference voltage, and its orthogonal component is constructed using a 1/4 fundamental period delay method. Secondly, Lagrange interpolation polynomials are introduced to approximate fractional delay to solve the problem of delay calculation errors caused by frequency changes. Thirdly, in order to compensate for the poor ability of traditional proportional integral (PI) regulators, multi resonant controllers are superimposed to suppress low order harmonic disturbances. Finally, the design method and system performance of the PI regulator and each resonant controller are analyzed theoretically. The experimental results show that the proposed improved IPT-PLL method has strong adaptability to complex power grids. It can significantly improve the tracking performance of power grid frequency, suppress the interference of low order harmonics and DC bias. And it has good dynamic and static performance.
Analyzing attempt and success factors for amputated digit replantation in Japan using the diagnosis procedure combination database
Authors: Hamada Daishi , Suzuki Hitoshi , Muramatsu Keiji , Zenke Yukichi , Kawasaki Makoto , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsuda Shinya , Sakai Akinori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe number of amputated finger replantation has declined in the USA and Germany in recent years; however, there have been no reports on recent trends in Japan. We examined the current practices, attempts, and success factors of digit replantation in Japan. We hypothesized that the rates of digit replantation and success rates were consistently standardized in Japan. The diagnosis procedure combination database was used to analyze 14004 cases from April 2014 to March 2020, excluding multiple-digit amputations, thus focusing on 13484 patients. We evaluated replantation success rates and identified factors influencing replantation decisions using multiple logistic regression analysis. The key findings included a higher frequency of replantation in thumb cases and surgeries during overtime hours, on Sundays, and in educational institutions. Success rates were notably higher for thumb replantations and patients under 20 years of age. Patients over 65 years of age treated with urokinase showed higher failure rates, unrelated to regional or hospital case volumes. The number of amputated digit replantation surgeries in Japan was high during overtime hours, on Sundays, and in educational institutions. Region, hospital type, and hospital case volume were not associated with a low success rate across Japan.
Adaptive sparse attention-based compact transformer for object tracking
Authors: Pan Fei , Zhao Lianyu , Wang Chenglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Transformer-based Siamese networks have excelled in the field of object tracking. Nevertheless, a notable limitation persists in their reliance on ResNet as backbone, which lacks the capacity to effectively capture global information and exhibits constraints in feature representation. Furthermore, these trackers struggle to effectively attend to target-relevant information within the search region using multi-head self-attention (MSA). Additionally, they are prone to robustness challenges during online tracking and tend to exhibit significant model complexity. To address these limitations, We propose a novel tracker named ASACTT, which includes a backbone network, feature fusion network and prediction head. First, we improve the Swin-Transformer-Tiny to enhance its global information extraction capabilities. Second, we propose an adaptive sparse attention (ASA) to focus on target-specific details within the search region. Third, we leverage position encoding and historical candidate data to develop a dynamic template updater (DTU), which ensures the preservation of the initial frame’s integrity while gracefully adapting to variations in the target’s appearance. Finally, we optimize the network model to maintain accuracy while minimizing complexity. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed tracker, ASACTT, experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrated that the proposed tracker was highly comparable to other state-of-the-art methods. Notably, in the GOT-10K1 evaluation, our tracker achieved an outstanding success score of 75.3% at 36 FPS, significantly surpassing other trackers with comparable model parameters.
Bio-distribution and toxicity potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Huang Ying , Hao Xiaofang , Lin Zhi , Li Lulu , Jiang Hua , Zhang Hezhan , Geng Xingchao , Zhu Hao , Wen Hairuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated promising advantages in the therapies of many diseases, while its multi-directional differentiation potential and immunotoxicity are the major concerns hindered their clinical translation. In this study, human umbilical Mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSCs) were labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent dye DiR before infused into cynomolgus monkeys, and the amount of hUC-MSCs in the peripheral blood were dynamically estimated from 5 min to 28 days post a single administration at 3 × 106 cells/kg and 2 × 107 cells/kg intravenously. As results, some hUC-MSCs distributed to the whole body within 5 min, while most of the cells accumulate in the lungs along with the systemic blood circulation, and subsequently released into the blood. The toxicity potentials of hUC-MSCs were investigated in another 30 cynomolgus monkeys, and the cells were repeatedly administrated at doses of 3 × 106 cells/kg and 2 × 107 cells/kg for 5 times on a weekly basis, with a recovery period of 1 months. hUC-MSCs showed no obvious toxic effects in cynomolgus monkeys, except xenogeneic immune rejection to human stem cells. Low levels of the hUC-MSC gene were detected in the peripheral blood of a few animals administered 2 × 107 cells/kg at 30 min subsequent to the first and last administration, and there was no significant difference in the copy number of the hUC-MSC gene in the blood samples compared with the first and last administration, indicating that the hUC-MSC was not significantly amplified in vivo, and it its safe in non-human primates. Our study for the first time verified the safety of long-term use of hUC-MSCs in primates. We have pioneered a technology for the real-time detection of hUC-MSCs in peripheral blood and provide dynamicand rapid monitoring of the distribution characteristics of hUC-MSCs in vivo. Here, we provide data supporting the application of such products for clinical treatment and the application of stem cells in major refractory diseases and regenerative medicine.
The importance of developmental assets in HIV prevention behaviors among young black men who have sex with men (MSM)
Authors: Boyd Donte T. , Harris Orlando O. , Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu , Nelson LaRon , Wilton Leo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopmental assets are critical to the health and wellbeing of youth. The current study examines the influence of developmental assets on PrEP use and HIV testing among YBMSM ages 18–24. Using a cross-sectional survey of YBMSM (N = 225), this study explored the role of external (e.g., family support, other adult support) and internal (e.g., personal responsibility) assets in explaining HIV prevention behaviors. Participants were recruited from Mechanical Turk (M-Turk) internet-based platform, social media sites, and community-based organizations. A path analysis was conducted to investigate the direct/indirect effects of internal and external assets on PrEP use and HIV testing. Family support (β = 0.40, p < 0.001) and other adult support (β = 0.22, p = 0.004) were both associated with personal responsibility. Personal Responsibility (β = 0.15, p = 0.03) and positive identity (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) were both associated with an increase HIV testing. Personal responsibility was positively associated with increased PrEP use (β = 0.30, p < 0.001). Our study results indicated that external assets play a role in helping to build internal assets that support increased HIV testing and PrEP use among YBMSM. Our findings suggest the need for strength-based interventions that help YBMSM build assets and increase HIV prevention behaviors.
The significance of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using time-SLIP MRI
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Yagi Mitsuru , Seki Fumiko , Komaki Yuji , Suzuki Satoshi , Watanabe Kota , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects approximately 3% of the global population. Recent studies have drawn attention to abnormalities in the dynamics of the CSF as potential contributors. This research aims to employ the Time-Spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse (Time-SLIP) MRI to assess and analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in AIS patients. 101 AIS patients underwent Time-SLIP MRI. Images were taken at the mid-cervical and craniocervical junction regions. The sum of the maximum movement distances of CSF on the ventral and dorsal sides of the spinal canal within a single timeframe was defined and measured as Travel Distance (TD). Correlations between TD, age, Cobb angle, and Risser grade were analyzed. TD comparisons were made across Lenke classifications. TD for all patients was a weak correlation with the Cobb angle (r = − 0.16). Comparing TD between Lenke type 1 and 5, type 5 patients display significantly shorter TD (p < 0.05). In Risser5 patients with Lenke type 5 showed a significant negative correlation between Cobb angle and TD (r = − 0.44). Lenke type 5 patients had significantly shorter CSF TD compared to type1, correlating with worsening Cobb angles. Further analysis and exploration are required to understand the mechanism of onset and progression.
Early-pregnancy N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level is inversely associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy diagnosed after 35 weeks of gestation
Authors: Takahashi Masaya , Suzuki Luka , Takahashi Nanase , Hanaue Mayu , Soda Masahiro , Miki Tamito , Tateyama Naoko , Ishihara Shiro , Koshiishi Taro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among the major causes of high maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with HDP have significantly elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels at diagnosis; however, the NT-proBNP levels during early pregnancy are largely unknown. This study aimed to validate the association between HDP and NT-proBNP levels. This retrospective study evaluated 103 pregnant women who developed HDP diagnosed after 35 weeks of gestation and 667 who did not. The HDP group had significantly lower early-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels than the without HDP group. However, the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of the late-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, parity, and blood pressure levels, high early-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels were associated with a lower HDP risk. Early-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels ≥ 60.5 pg/mL had a negative predictive value of 97.0% for ruling out HDP, with a sensitivity of 87.4% and specificity of 62.5%. In conclusion, elevated early-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels were associated with a lower HDP risk. Moreover, a cutoff point of ≥ 60.5 pg/mL for early-pregnancy NT-proBNP levels had a high negative predictive value and sensitivity for ruling out HDP. These findings can provide new clinical implications.
Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid tumor DNA in lung cancer patients with suspected leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Authors: Azad Tej D. , Nanjo Shigeki , Jin Michael C. , Chabon Jacob J. , Kurtz David M. , Chaudhuri Aadel A. , Connolly Ian D. , Hui Angela Bik-Yu , Liu Chih Long , Merriott David , Ko Ryan , Yoo Christopher , Carter Justin , Chen Emily , Bonilla Rene , Hata Akito , Katakami Nobuyuki , Irie Kei , Yano Seiji , Okimoto Ross , Bivona Trever G. , Newman Aaron M. , Iv Michael , Nagpal Seema , Gephart Melanie Hayden , Alizadeh Ash A. , Diehn Maximilian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid tumor-derived DNA (CSF-tDNA) analysis is a promising approach for monitoring the neoplastic processes of the central nervous system. We applied a lung cancer-specific sequencing panel (CAPP-Seq) to 81 CSF, blood, and tissue samples from 24 lung cancer patients who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for suspected leptomeningeal disease (LMD). A subset of the cohort (N = 12) participated in a prospective trial of osimertinib for refractory LMD in which serial LPs were performed before and during treatment. CSF-tDNA variant allele fractions (VAFs) were significantly higher than plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) VAFs (median CSF-tDNA, 32.7%; median plasma ctDNA, 1.8%; P < 0.0001). Concentrations of tumor DNA in CSF and plasma were positively correlated (Spearman’s ρ, 0.45; P = 0.03). For LMD diagnosis, cytology was 81.8% sensitive and CSF-tDNA was 91.7% sensitive. CSF-tDNA was also strongly prognostic for overall survival (HR = 7.1; P = 0.02). Among patients with progression on targeted therapy, resistance mutations, such as EGFR T790M and MET amplification, were common in peripheral blood but were rare in time-matched CSF, indicating differences in resistance mechanisms based on the anatomic compartment. In the osimertinib cohort, patients with CNS progression had increased CSF-tDNA VAFs at follow-up LP. Post-osimertinib CSF-tDNA VAF was strongly prognostic for CNS progression (HR = 6.2, P = 0.009). Detection of CSF-tDNA in lung cancer patients with suspected LMD is feasible and may have clinical utility. CSF-tDNA improves the sensitivity of LMD diagnosis, enables improved prognostication, and drives therapeutic strategies that account for spatial heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms.
CRISPR/Cas13a-based supersensitive circulating tumor DNA assay for detecting EGFR mutations in plasma
Authors: Wang Li , Wen Xiaosha , Yang Yang , Hu Zheng , Jiang Jing , Duan Lili , Liao Xiaofen , He Yan , Liu Yaru , Wang Jing , Liang Zhikun , Zhu Xiaoya , Liu Quan , Liu Tiancai , Luo Dixian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite recent technological advancements in cell tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutation detection, challenges persist in identifying low-frequency mutations due to inadequate sensitivity and coverage of current procedures. Herein, we introduce a super-sensitivity and specificity technique for detecting ctDNA mutations, named HiCASE. The method utilizes PCR-based CRISPR, coupled with the restriction enzyme. In this work, HiCASE focuses on testing a series of EGFR mutations to provide enhanced detection technology for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), enabling a detection sensitivity of 0.01% with 40 ng cell free DNA standard. When applied to a panel of 140 plasma samples from 120 NSCLC patients, HiCASE exhibits 88.1% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity with 40 μL of plasma, higher than ddPCR and Super-ARMS assay. In addition, HiCASE can also clearly distinguish T790M/C797S mutations in different positions at a 1% variant allele frequency, offering valuable guidance for drug utilization. Indeed, the established HiCASE assay shows potential for clinical applications.
Anisotropic charge transport at the metallic edge contact of ReS2 field effect transistors
Authors: Park Hyokwang , Lee Myeongjin , Wang Xinbiao , Ali Nasir , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hwang Euyheon , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe in-plane anisotropy of electrical conductance in two-dimensional materials has garnered significant attention due to its potential in emerging device applications, offering an additional dimension to control carrier transport in 2D devices. However, previous research has primarily focused on the anisotropy within electrical channel, neglecting the significant impact of anisotropic electrical contacts of 2D materials. Here, we investigate anisotropic charge transport at the metal contacts of hBN-encapsulated ReS2 using edge-contacted Field Effect Transistors. We observed the marked difference in contact resistance between the cross-b and b directions, suggesting that charge transport from the metal to ReS2 is more efficient along the b direction. This difference in efficiency results in a substantial contact anisotropy, reaching ~70 at 77 K. Our findings indicate that the measured Schottky Barrier Height along the b direction is ~35 meV, which is smaller than along the cross-b direction. Moreover, the tunneling probability along the b direction is two times larger than along the cross-b direction. Our results indicate that both Schottky Barrier Height and tunneling amplitude are the primary contributors to the high contact anisotropy of ReS2. This work provides a valuable guideline for understanding how in-plane orientation influences charge transport at metallic contacts in 2D devices.
A systematic exploration of bacterial form I rubisco maximal carboxylation rates
Authors: de Pins Benoit , Greenspoon Lior , Bar-On Yinon M , Shamshoum Melina , Ben-Nissan Roee , Milshtein Eliya , Davidi Dan , Sharon Itai , Mueller-Cajar Oliver , Noor Elad , Milo Ron 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutotrophy is the basis for complex life on Earth. Central to this process is rubisco—the enzyme that catalyzes almost all carbon fixation on the planet. Yet, with only a small fraction of rubisco diversity kinetically characterized so far, the underlying biological factors driving the evolution of fast rubiscos in nature remain unclear. We conducted a high-throughput kinetic characterization of over 100 bacterial form I rubiscos, the most ubiquitous group of rubisco sequences in nature, to uncover the determinants of rubisco’s carboxylation velocity. We show that the presence of a carboxysome CO2 concentrating mechanism correlates with faster rubiscos with a median fivefold higher rate. In contrast to prior studies, we find that rubiscos originating from α-cyanobacteria exhibit the highest carboxylation rates among form I enzymes (≈10 s−1 median versus <7 s−1 in other groups). Our study systematically reveals biological and environmental properties associated with kinetic variation across rubiscos from nature.