bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the asymmetric flow structure in a hydrocyclone
Authors: Wang Jian‐gang , Zheng Yan , Wang Hua‐lin , Bai Zhi‐shan , Qiu Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe flow field of a hydrocyclone was investigated using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). A refractive index matching method was employed to improve the precision of the PIV measurements. The CFD results are in good agreement with PIV measurements. Detailed analysis reveals significant axial asymmetry in the velocity components, with the radial velocity component exhibiting notable disparities. This observation is supported by quantitative data comparing different sections of the hydrocyclone. It is further found that the asymmetry might be mainly attributed to the secondary vortexes with the single inlet of the hydrocyclone. And the secondary vortexes, superimposed on the primary flow rather than existing on its own, spiral downwards from near the inlet towards the underflow orifice. It is hypothesized that specific boundary effects and pressure gradients play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary flows. This assumption is grounded on both theoretical considerations and empirical observations, suggesting that these factors significantly influence the flow dynamics within the hydrocyclone. The insights gained from our measurement methodology and enhanced understanding of secondary flows within hydrocyclones are not only poised to serve as valuable references for fellow researchers but also have the potential to inform the design and operational optimization of hydrocyclones for improved efficiency and performance.
Study on solid‐air dendrite growth and motion with thermosolutal convection‐diffusion using non‐isothermal PF‐PSLBM model
Authors: Li Chaolong , Wen Jian , Li Ke , Wang Simin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study unveils a numerical paradigm that amalgamates the partially saturated lattice Boltzmann method (PSLBM) with the non‐isothermal quantitative phase‐field (PF) model. This innovative integration equips us with a prognostic tool ready to elucidate the progression and motion of solid‐air dendritic growth in the presence of both natural and forced convection. The PSLBM is employed to compute the flow of the solution and the interaction forces between the fluid and solid dendrites. Concurrently, the PF model is utilized to simulate the formation of solid‐air dendrites. The reliability of calculating of interaction forces between the fluid and solid was confirmed through a numerical case study involving fluid flow around a stationary cylinder. The results indicate that this model is applicable for simulating the growth and evolution of single/multiple solid‐air dendrites under the influence of convection, whether they are stationary or in motion. The promotion of the upstream side dendritic arms and the inhibition of the downstream dendritic arms increase with the intensification of natural convection. As the initial undercooling is raised, the capacity of natural convection to reshape dendritic morphology gradually diminishes. With the enhancement of forced convection intensity, due to alterations in the flow pattern, the downstream dendritic arms do not consistently exhibit growth suppression. The motion of solid‐air dendrites induced by forced convection counteracts the influence of convection, resulting in slightly faster growth of the downstream dendritic arms compared to the upstream arms. Simultaneously, it fosters the formation of secondary dendritic branches in the upstream zone.
Preparation of a cationic hydrogel microsphere adsorbent for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution
Authors: Ye Yuansong , Zhang Yuchi , Wu Huazhong , Fang Run 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, a cationic hydrogel microsphere (CHMS) was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization and freeze‐drying and was applied to the adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. Morphological characterization shows that there are lots of folds and pores on the surface of CHMS with a unique petal‐like appearance. According to the chemical structure analysis, CHMS contains plenty of functional groups such as amine and hydroxyl groups. These features give CHMS a larger specific surface area, faster adsorption rate, and higher adsorption capacity than the conventional cationic hydrogel microparticle (CHMP) adsorbent. The adsorption of Cr(VI) in water by CHMS is mainly based on the combination of electrostatic adsorption and redox reaction, with the electrostatic interaction between the protonated amine and Cr(VI) serving as the predominant adsorption mechanism. Experimental results reveal that CHMS can efficiently remove Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater in both batch and continuous adsorption modes, which is primarily due to its distinctive surface morphology and rich functional groups. Furthermore, the common coexisting metal ions in Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater have no substantial negative influence on the adsorption. Therefore, it can be concluded that CHMS has a promising application prospect in the treatment of Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater.
Towards the development of a standardized method to monitor lakeshore hydromorphological restoration measures
Authors: Garron Coralie , Pangaud Althaea , Taubaty Marine , Rolan‐Meynard Marlène , Argillier Christine , Raymond Jean‐Claude , Dublon Julien , Westrelin Samuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lakes host a high level of biodiversity, especially in their littoral zone, and provide various ecological and socio‐economic services. Lake ecosystems are impacted by a combination of pressures from different human activities (industry, hydroelectricity, agriculture, recreational activities, domestic and urban uses). Anthropic pressures can lead to alterations and dysfunctions in lakes, particularly in the littoral zone.
The 2000 EU Water Framework Directive led to considerable efforts to improve the ecological status of European water bodies. However, in France, measures implemented by lake managers to counteract, limit or suppress anthropogenic impacts are still poorly identified. Moreover, their effects on hydromorphology, physico‐chemistry and biotic communities are often only partially reported (the monitoring being incomplete or heterogeneous, if not missing).
This paper proposes a framework to harmonize the monitoring of habitat improvement actions conducted in the littoral zone of lakes. The monitoring method is presented as well as the sampling protocols and techniques set out to survey both the restored and control zones at the European French territory scale.
Long‐term monitoring of hydromorphological, biological and physicochemical features is expected to improve our understanding of recolonization mechanisms following restoration. The proposed approach will therefore guide practitioners to identify the best restoration options and ultimately contribute to the conservation of recipient populations and communities.
Replacing artisanal fisheries with dolphin watching: Strategy for conservation and sustainable community‐based marine ecotourism
Authors: Wu Haiping , Luo Fangqiang , Huang Shiang‐Lin , Wang Jing , Ling Yirong , Lin Meifang , Peng Chongwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In coastal delphinid conservation, dolphin watching (DW) is frequently proposed for artisanal fishers as a community‐based marine ecotourism (CBME) plan to reduce fishing effort and delphinid bycatch. Questions including whether DW profitability is sufficient to replace fishing and whether fishers can conduct DW sustainably, however, are rarely examined.
In the present study, questionnaire targeting tourists was implemented to investigate DW profitability in Sanniang Bay, China where DW‐based CBME has been operated by local fishers since 2004. CBME sustainability was evaluated by comparing DW profitability with household income with reference to local poverty, and rural and economically comfortable families in China.
Out of 1046 tourists interviewed, 40 (3.82%) tourists knew there is DW in Sanniang Bay, while 292 (27.9%) tourists were lured to attend DW with low pricing. The fisher earned 110RMB (ca. 16.0$USD) per DW trip and required two, four, and nine trips per day to earn household income higher than poverty, rural and economically comfortable lines. Raising ticket fee and maximizing per‐trip number of tourists can substantially improve DW profitability, which facilitates CBME sustainability and poses minimal impacts on target animals.
CBME in rural areas could be trapped into low popularity–low pricing–low profitability embarrassments because of primitive tour facilities, insufficient ecological education value, poor hospitality skills and lacking marketing access. The sustainable CBME should incorporate ecologically friendly conducts, direct indigenous profits with minimal transaction costs, venture and service diversification, and marketing with indigenous cultural characteristics.
DW history in Sanniang Bay further indicates profit distribution of tourism ventures directly influence CBME sustainability. Accordingly, indigenous rights, economic equity and social justice should be centrally placed in CBME policying with the minimal intervention from non‐indigenous capitals and commercialized manipulations.
Dynamic–quadratic balancing: A computational approach to balancing and model reduction for affine nonlinear systems
Authors: Aliyu Mohammad Dikko S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a new approach to balancing (known as dynamic–quadratic balancing) and model reduction for affine nonlinear system. We give a fresh look to balancing in terms of the dynamics of the system, rather than simply a structural property. With this perspective, we also develop a new approach to obtaining the balancing transformation in one step, instead of a three‐step process as proposed in earlier methods. Further, we explore the relationship between quadratic balancing and input–output stability. In addition, we also develop a computational approach for obtaining the balancing transformation by solving a coupled system of PDEs or inequalities (Lyapunov/Hamilton–Jacobi type). After that, model reduction can be carried out in the conventional way using Hankel singular‐value functions or using a new criterion. Finally, we present some examples to clarify the results.
Anion‐Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase Enabled by Diluent Modulated Dimethyl Carbonate‐Based Localized High Concentration Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zheng Hanlu , Zhong Yu , Gu Changdong , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbonate‐based electrolytes generally suffer from low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability in lithium metal batteries. In this work, localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) based on dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with varying diluent additions are designed. LHCEs demonstrate higher Li+ transference numbers and a greater proportion of contact ion pairs (CIPs) and ion pair aggregates (AGGs) in the solvation structures, facilitating the formation of anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Furthermore, LHCEs enhance the Coulombic efficiency of Li||Cu cells and improve the anodic stability against lithium. One of these LHCEs, prepared with appropriate diluent addition, exhibits excellent capacity retention in Li||NCM622 cells at 0.5 C after 150 cycles, thus presenting promising possibilities for the development of high energy density lithium metal batteries.
Study on the interaction between erythrosine B and the cardiac drug amiodarone using fluorescence, scattering, and absorbance spectra and their analytical application
Authors: AlSalem Huda Salem , Alharbi Sara Naif , Binkadem Mona Saad , Mahmoud Shimaa A. , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn an acidic buffered solution, erythrosine B can react with amiodarone to form an association complex, which not only generates great enhancement in resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum of erythrosine B at 346.5 nm but also results in quenching of fluorescence spectra of erythrosine B at λemission = 550.4 nm/λexcitation = 528.5 nm. In addition, the formed erythrosine B–amiodarone complex produces a new absorbance peak at 555 nm. The spectral characteristics of the RRS, absorbance, and fluorescence spectra, as well as the optimum analytical conditions, were studied and investigated. As a result, new spectroscopic methods were developed to determine amiodarone by utilizing erythrosine B as a probe. Moreover, the ICH guidelines were used to validate the developed RRS, photometric, and fluorimetric methods. The enhancements in the absorbance and the RRS intensity and the decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the used probe were proportional to the concentration of amiodarone in ranges of 2.5–20.0, 0.2–2.5, and 0.25–1.75 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, limit of detection values were 0.52 ng/mL for the spectrophotometric method, 0.051 μg/mL for the RRS method, and 0.075 μg/mL for the fluorimetric method. Moreover, with good recoveries, the developed spectroscopic procedures were applied to analyze amiodarone in its commercial tablets.
Periodontal disease and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Hu Conglei , Li Hui , Huang Liping , Wang Rui , Wang Zeyu , Ma Rui , Chang Bei , Li Shiting , Li Hongcai , Li Guangwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD remains to be determined.MethodsWe obtained periodontal disease data from the FinnGen database and two sets of AD data from the IEU consortium and PGC databases. Subsequently, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD.ResultsThe results of the random‐effects IVW analysis revealed no evidence of a genetic causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD, regardless of whether the AD data from the IEU consortium or the AD data from the PGC database were utilized. No heterogeneity, multiple effects of levels, or outliers were observed in this study.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that there is no causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD at the genetic level.
The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by using the technology organizational environment framework: The mediating role to manufacturing performance in a developing country
Authors: Amin Al‐ , Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakibul Islam , Hossain Rashed , Molla Chanchal , Poli Tahmina Akter , Milon Md Noor Uddin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study aspires to identify the factors conditioning the adaptation of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) within the manufacturing industries in Bangladesh, embracing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technology led by the technology‐organizational‐environment (TOE) framework that links a number of conditioning variables in the manufacturing industries of Bangladesh. I4.0 is going to drastically change the landscape of the extended TOE framework to relate demographics with research variables for implementing I4.0 technology in a developing country. The findings of the study are analyzed using SMART PLS SEM 4.0 and SPSS 29 in order to diagnose technological contexts (IT resource availability, technology readiness, and relative advantage), organizational contexts (strategy and leadership, organizational capabilities, and technology infrastructure), and environmental contexts (market pressure, government support, and technology innovation decision making). The study's data, which were collected with a bootstrap confidence range of 95%, offered evidence in favor of both proposed mediating effects. A statistically significant indirect effect of adaptation of I4.0 technology on manufacturing/industry performance was seen in the analysis. This study is conducted to examine the mediating function of manufacturing performance, which enhances the comprehensiveness of the study. Through the application of the TOE framework, this study investigates the impact of I4.0 technology adoption on manufacturing performance. The theoretical framework of the study has been validated by the TOE model, which aims to heighten manufacturing performance by integrating I4.0. The practical implications of this study, organizations, governments, and practitioners engaged in the implementation of I4.0 technologies within developing nation contexts.
Tissue‐engineered tracheal implants: Advancements, challenges, and clinical considerations
Authors: Wei Shixiong , Zhang Yiyuan , Luo Feixiang , Duan Kexing , Li Mingqian , Lv Guoyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRestoration of extensive tracheal damage remains a significant challenge in respiratory medicine, particularly in instances stemming from conditions like infection, congenital anomalies, or stenosis. The trachea, an essential element of the lower respiratory tract, constitutes a fibrocartilaginous tube spanning approximately 10–12 cm in length. It is characterized by 18 ± 2 tracheal cartilages distributed anterolaterally with the dynamic trachealis muscle located posteriorly. While tracheotomy is a common approach for patients with short‐length defects, situations requiring replacement arise when the extent of lesion exceeds 1/2 of the length in adults (or 1/3 in children). Tissue engineering (TE) holds promise in developing biocompatible airway grafts for addressing challenges in tracheal regeneration. Despite the potential, the extensive clinical application of tissue‐engineered tracheal substitutes encounters obstacles, including insufficient revascularization, inadequate re‐epithelialization, suboptimal mechanical properties, and insufficient durability. These limitations have led to limited success in implementing tissue‐engineered tracheal implants in clinical settings. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of historical attempts and lessons learned in the field of tracheal TE, contextualizing the clinical prerequisites and vital criteria for effective tracheal grafts. The manufacturing approaches employed in TE, along with the clinical application of both tissue‐engineered and non‐tissue‐engineered approaches for tracheal reconstruction, are discussed in detail. By offering a holistic view on TE substitutes and their implications for the clinical management of long‐segment tracheal lesions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of strategies in this critical area of respiratory medicine.
Metabolite signature of human malignant thyroid tissue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Razavi S. Adeleh , Khorsand Babak , Salehipour Pouya , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThyroid cancer (TC) is the predominant malignancy within the endocrine system. However, the standard method for TC diagnosis lacks the capability to identify the pathological condition of all thyroid lesions. The metabolomics approach has the potential to manage this problem by identifying differential metabolites.AimsThis study conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the NMR‐based metabolomics studies in order to identify significant altered metabolites associated with TC.MethodsA systematic search of published literature in any language in three databases including Embase, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted. Out of 353 primary articles, 12 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Among these, five reports belonging to three articles were eligible for meta‐analysis. The correlation coefficient of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, a popular model in the multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomic data, was chosen for meta‐analysis. The altered metabolites were chosen based on the fact that they had been found in at least three studies.ResultsIn total, 49 compounds were identified, 40 of which were metabolites. The increased metabolites in thyroid lesions compared normal samples included lactate, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, tyrosine, valine, choline, glycine, and isoleucine. Lipids were the decreased compounds in thyroid lesions. Lactate and alanine were increased in malignant versus benign thyroid lesions, while, myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, citrate, choline, and phosphocholine were found to be decreased. The meta‐analysis yielded significant results for three metabolites of lactate, alanine, and citrate in malignant versus benign specimens.DiscussionIn this study, we provided a concise summary of 12 included metabolomic studies, making it easier for future researchers to compare their results with the prior findings.ConclusionIt appears that the field of TC metabolomics will experience notable advancement, leading to the discovery of trustworthy diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Biocatalytic Oxidative Amination of para‐Substituted Phenols
Authors: Guo Yiming , Ashley Ben , Marić Ivana , Saifuddin Mohammad , Dunleavy Tomás , Onet Andrei , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiocatalytic preparation of chiral amines is a large and burgeoning field in organic chemistry. Many enzymes and routes have been published, including transaminases, imine reductases, reductive aminases, amine dehydrogenases and others. However, all these routes rely on some sacrificial substrate, in the form of either amine donor or cofactor regeneration substrate. Herein, we report the direct oxidative amination of p‐substituted phenols catalyzed by an evolved flavoprotein oxidase, with the consumption of only substrate and O2, and release of H2O2. The substrate scope of the reaction is studied, and is tolerant of a diverse panel including ammonia, primary and secondary amines, and amino acids. The reaction is later employed at preparative scale to generate aminated products in 50–80 % yield. This report establishes flavoprotein oxidase as a new and economical member of the chemist's toolkit for biocatalytic generation of chiral amines, acting as oxidative aminase.
Stereochemical Tailoring of Nickel‐based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Papadakis Michael , Mehrez Jana , Wehrung Iris , Delmotte Léa , Giorgi Michel , Hardré Renaud , Orio Maylis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe search for alternative non‐noble transition metal catalysts able to evolve hydrogen has been the focus of intense research. Molecular complexes bearing redox‐active ligands have been reported as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study showcases a new family of nickel‐thiosemicarbazone complexes displaying significant activity for HER in DMF solvent using trifluoracetic acid as proton source. Following previous works in our group, the ligand was stereochemically tailored, placing methoxy groups at different locations and considering various combinations of positions. Three complexes within the series were shown to outperform the parent catalyst bearing the methoxy group in para position. Overall, the nickel catalyst having the chemical substituent in meta position displays the best catalytic performances while having the lowest overpotential. These results support that ligand stereochemical tailoring in metal complexes improves electrocatalytic HER and suggest that ligand tuning is a promising direction to enhance catalyst performances.