bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale: Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness in Patients With Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Problems
Authors: Hefford Cheryl , Abbott J. Haxby , Arnold Richard , Baxter G. David 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Clinical measurement, longitudinal; multicenter prospective cohort study. Objectives To examine the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in patients with musculoskeletal upper extremity problems being treated in physical therapy. Background The clinimetric properties of the PSFS have not been established nor compared with region-specific outcome measures in patients with upper extremity problems. Methods Patients completed the PSFS, Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI), and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) at baseline and follow-up, and were categorized as improved, stable, or worsened, using the global rating of change. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the change scores of the stable and improved groups, using independent-samples t tests. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) with 95% confidence intervals. Bland-Altman plots determined limits of agreement. Responsiveness and minimal important difference (MID) were determined with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results One hundred eighty patients met the inclusion criteria. Construct validity was supported for the PSFS and the UEFI (P<.001). Reliability was moderate to good for the PSFS (ICC2,1 = 0.713) and UEFI (ICC2,1 = 0.848). Reported estimates of reliability may be lower than true values because the group of “stable” patients from this cohort had, on average, a small positive change. Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was significantly different from the null value of 0.5 for the PSFS (0.887) and the UEFI (0.877), indicating good accuracy in distinguishing improved patients from stable patients. MID was 1.2 for the PSFS (scale, 0–10) and 8.5 for the UEFI (scale, 0–80). Conclusion The PSFS is a valid, reliable, and responsive outcome measure for patients with upper extremity problems. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):56–65. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3953
Nurses lived experiences of conscience reaction: a qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Hasani Parkhideh , Jalali Rostam , Abedsaeedi Zhila 
Published: April 2012

Background and objectives: Conscience is a cornerstone of ethics, affecting both our private and professional lives. Everyday health care practice raises questions about conscience and how to understand its role. Conscience has also been described as inducing self-growth and protecting personal integrity. Nurses views on their reactions to behaviors consistent or contrary to conscience could therefore help us to understand the meaning of the reactions of conscience. This study aimed to illuminate meanings of nurses lived experience of conscience reaction in their daily practices.Material and methods: Interviews with nine nurses were interpreted using a phenomenological hermeneutic (Colaizzi, 1978) method. Data was collected in 2010 among nurses working in various hospitals in Kermanshah. The nurses were selected for participation purposively.Results: The nurses lived experience of conscience reaction was formulated in three themes and ten sub-themes. The first theme is being peace, which includes three sub-themes: Being calm, being pleased, and being satisfying. The second theme is trouble conscience which includes four subthemes: guilt, thinking engagement, discomfort, and fretfulness. The third theme is responding which includes three sub-themes: expressing, compensation, and lack of repeat.Conclusions: The nurses lived experience of conscience reaction showed that nurses considered conscience reaction to be an important factor in the exercise of their profession, as revealed by the descriptive categories: being peace when they act consistent with conscience; trouble conscience when they act contrary on conscience; and responding after doing an anti conscience practice. They perceived that conscience played a role in nursing actions involving patients and next of kin, and guided them in their efforts to provide high quality care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i3.10257Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011;2(3):3-9
Ethics in dissection of cadaver in teaching and learning of anatomy
Authors: Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ara Shamim , Khalil Mohsin , Khalil Mansur 
Published: April 2012

Dissection of dead body is a time honoured part of medical education. Undergraduate and postgraduate students do dissection as a part of the learning human anatomy. According to the state regulations, most of the cadavers are obtained from the forensic mortuary declared as unclaimed body. Some are collected through body donation as well. However, use of human tissue for research and the use of human cadavers for teaching and training purposes are surrounded by ethical uncertainties. Moreover, the main ethical concern of cadaver dissection lies in respect to human life. This writing has been aimed to put a nominal guideline how to act in an ethical way in cadaver dissection by the medical students in medical colleges and pave the way for better understanding how to respond in an ethical manner in medical professional life. Some rules and regulations have been recommended for maintaining the highest standard of a dissection hall as well as the dignity of the cadavers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i3.10258 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011;2(3):10-15
MRI versus bone scintigraphy
Authors: Hoffmeyer B. , Ruf J. , Seidensticker M. , Steffen I. G. , Zarva A. , Fischbach F. , Wieners G. , Furth C. , Lohmann C. H. , Amthauer H. , Dobrindt O. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAim: This study was set up to determine the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone scintigraphy (BS) for the diagnosis of stress injuries in athletes, and furthermore to assess reliability and prediction of healing time. Patients, methods: Imaging data was analyzed retrospectively from 28 athletes who had received MRI and BS examinations for suspected stress injuries. MRI- and BSdata were rated by three specialists each in a blinded read, using a 5-point score (i.e. 0–4: inconspicuous to high-grade stress fracture). An interdisciplinary expert truth-panel set the reference standard. Standard statistical parameters, Fleiss' kappa (κ), and group comparisons were calculated. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of stress injuries were 71.4%, 85.7%, 78.6%, 83.3% and, 75.0%, for MRI and 92.9%, 73.8%, 83.3%, 78.0% and, 91.2% for BS, respectively. Interobserver reliability for the diagnosis of a stress injury was κ = 0.9 for BS and κ = 0.85 for MRI. Mean healing times of mild (grades 1 and 2) and severe (grades 3 and 4) stress injuries were 88 days (d) versus 142d for BS and 57d versus 116d for MRI. No significant difference in healing time could be shown. Conclusions: MRI and BS reliably detect stress injuries. MRI is to be recommended as the primary imaging modality due to its potential for assessment of differential diagnoses and the lack of radiation exposure, the value of BS lies in the exclusion of stress fractures after inconclusive MRI examinations.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of core vs. peripheral populations of eastern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Pandey Madhav , Rajora Om P. 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Geographically peripheral (marginal) populations are expected to have lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation than geographically core (central) populations as a result of supposedly lower effective population size (Ne) and higher genetic drift, founder effect, fragmentation, and isolation in peripheral than in core populations. Here we address this issue for a long‐lived plant species, eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis).• Methods: Genetic diversity and population structure of 13 natural populations of eastern white cedar from its Canadian eastern peripheral and core natural ranges in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were studied using six nuclear microsatellite DNA markers.• Key results: The core populations of eastern white cedar had significantly higher allelic diversity (mean A = 8.83, Ar = 8.13, Ae = 4.03) and Ne (428) than the peripheral populations (A = 6.64, Ar = 6.15, Ae = 3.12, Ne = 198). However, expected heterozygosity was similar in the core (He = 0.64) and peripheral (He = 0.60) populations. Genetic differentiation was significantly higher among the peripheral (FST = 0.089) than among the core (FST = 0.032) populations. No genetic differentiation (FST/ΦRT = 0.000) was detected between core and peripheral regions.• Conclusions: Peripheral populations have significantly lower Ne and genetic diversity in terms of allelic diversity (richness) and significantly higher genetic differentiation than the core populations of eastern white cedar in its Canadian eastern range. However, core and peripheral populations have similar levels of expected heterozygosity. Implications for conservation of eastern white cedar genetic resources are discussed.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the wild South American Passiflora cincinnata (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Cerqueira‐Silva Carlos B. M. , Santos Elisa S. L. , Souza Alisson M. , Mori Gustavo M. , Oliveira Eder J. , Corrêa Ronan X. , Souza Anete P. 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed the first set of microsatellite markers for the passion fruit, Passiflora cincinnata, to provide tools for further study of its genetic diversity and to support current conservation and genetic studies.• Methods and Results: We used a microsatellite‐enriched library approach to isolate and characterize 25 new molecular markers. Seven primer pairs successfully amplified polymorphic microsatellite regions, with an average of five alleles per locus. The mean values of expected and observed levels of heterozygosity were 0.516 and 0.525, respectively.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers identified in this study may be valuable tools for population genetic studies, and this set of markers also may be useful in the design of a genetic conservation strategy, mating system, and hybridization studies.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Emmenopterys henryi (Rubiaceae), a rare tree from China
Authors: Ma Wei‐Wei , Zhai Sheng‐Nan , Zhang Yong‐Hua , Qiu Ying‐Xiong 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Compound microsatellite primers were developed for Emmenopterys henryi, an endangered deciduous tree endemic to China, to assess its genetic diversity and population structure as well as its evolutionary history.• Methods and Results: Using the compound microsatellite marker technique, 10 pairs of polymorphic microsatellite primers were isolated and characterized in E. henryi. Levels of polymorphism were tested across a total of 63 individuals from three natural populations. Allele numbers varied from 10 to 20 per locus, with an average of 14.50 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.125 to 0.962, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.377 to 0.903.• Conclusions: The highly polymorphic markers developed and characterized in this study will facilitate evolutionary and population genetic studies in E. henryi.
Molecular phylogenetics of Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales): Sexual‐system homoplasy and a new sectional classification
Authors: Iles William J. D. , Rudall Paula J. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Remizowa Margarita V. , Macfarlane Terry D. , Logacheva Maria D. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Species relationships are unknown in Hydatellaceae, a small family of dwarf aquatics related to water lilies that arose near the base of angiosperm phylogeny. Here we use molecular evidence to infer a species tree for the family and apply this to reconstructing major transitions in morphology and sexual system in this early branch of angiosperms.• Methods: We assembled plastid (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL) and nuclear (ribosomal ITS) data for 50 samples (including outgroups) and estimated a species tree for Hydatellaceae using a Bayesian multispecies coalescent approach. We reconstructed the evolution of several morphological characters, then tested for associations between sexual system and reproductive morphology using phylogenetic ANOVA.• Key results: Dioecious species of Hydatellaceae have significantly greater stamen number and anther length than do cosexual species, suggesting changes in male function. The perennial habit that defines one subclade likely represents a reversion from annuality. Species relationships do not fall along traditional morphological divisions, but new sections proposed here are supported by fruit and seed synapomorphies. The earliest split in the family is reflected in geography and climate (i.e., tropical vs. subtropical/temperate clades). We found limited evidence of incongruence between plastid and nuclear trees, with one exception involving gene‐tree nonmonophyly for two close relatives (Trithuria submersa, T. bibracteata).• Conclusions: While the direction of sexual‐system evolution is ambiguous, transitions are significantly associated with changes in involucral phyllome length and proxies of pollen production. We propose a new sectional circumscription based on fruit, seed, and DNA evidence.
Corps mortel, immortelle libido
Authors: Dadoun Roger 
Published: April 2012

L'homme est mortel, ça se sait. La mort passe par le corps, défini primordialement, à tous égards, comme « corps mortel », à la fois savoir incontestable et troublante opacité. Cette ligne de force traverse avec une acuité croissante le grand âge. S'y oppose une ligne de vie, « élan vital », sous le signe de la libido (énergie sexuelle), éros (la vie même) : « immortelle libido », rompant le « corps-masse » avec sa mosaïque d'éclats, et ouvrant sur le monde multiple avec son holistique du corps-espace – perspective agonique et grandiose pour le grand âge.
La sexualité, entre renoncement et idéalisation
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2012

Les devenirs de la sexualité au cours du vieillissement donnent lieu à des théorisations qui portent trace du rapport de leurs auteurs à leur propre vieillissement. Les modèles élaborés oscillent entre l'idéalisation du détachement et l'idéalisation d'une sexualité qui ne vieillirait pas. En appui sur une pratique de psychologue clinicien et sur une lecture clinique du roman « Exit le fantôme » de Philip Roth, il s'agira de faire travailler les enjeux et processus psychique du renoncement à la sexualité au cours du vieillissement. Ressortira la dimension du contre-investissement mais aussi d'une pulsion qui ne parvient à transformer ses investissements en fonction de l'évolution du corps et des objets d'amour.
Le Roman de la Rose : représentations allégoriques et transformations iconographiques du manuscrit à l’imprimé. Étude du manuscrit Douce 195 et de l’incunable Rosenwald 3961
Authors: Wilhelmy Audrée 
Published: April 2012

Cet article propose une étude des transformations iconographiques que subit Le Roman de la Rose de Guillaume de Lorris et de Jean de Meun lors de son passage du manuscrit à l’imprimé. Malgré une forte tradition picturale qui impose la récurrence de nombreuses figures, les divergences entre les documents étudiés (le manuscrit Douce 195 et l’incunable Rosenwald 396) sont nombreuses et témoignent de profonds changements dans le rapport entre l’image et le texte. Que ce soit à travers l’analyse des représentations allégoriques, celle du parcours iconographique ou celle de la composition des miniatures, cette étude se veut représentative d’un phénomène au coeur des bouleversements que connaît le livre au xve siècle.
Le tournant vers l’intérieur
Authors: Puchner Walter 
Published: April 2012

La période après le rétablissement de la démocratie en Grèce a apporté aussi bien des changements institutionnels sur l’art théâtral que des changements sur la dramaturgie, en tant que forme et contenu. Du théâtre engagé des années ’60 et ’70 qui s’occupait de la situation politique du point de vue de l’intelligentsia, on passe, sous l’influence de Karolos Koun, à un théâtre logocentrique qui nécessitait peu de personnages et de frais pour sa réalisation, mais qui décrivait la réalité sociale de façon réaliste et reconnaissable tout en utilisant certaines techniques du « théâtre de l’absurde », ainsi que du théâtre de Brecht.
La grande forme de la Revue qui, durant la junte, permettait la guérilla avec la censure, n’est plus utile après le retour à la démocratie puisque la satire n’a pas d’ennemi personnalisé mais des ennemis abstraits. Le tournant du théâtre grec « vers l’intérieur » existait déjà grâce aux monologues formidables de Kambanellis, mais il devient plus manifeste à partir des années ’80 et ’90.
L’immigré dans la dramaturgie grecque contemporaine
Authors: Felopoulou Sophia 
Published: April 2012

Le personnage de l’immigré, de l’émigré, du refugié, de l’exclus et banni a préoccupé la dramaturgie grecque depuis longtemps. Au début comme personnage secondaire et ensuite comme protagoniste dont les péripéties constituent le noyau de la pièce. Le présent article aborde le sujet de l’immigration dans la dramaturgie grecque après 1990 jusqu’à nos jours et propose, à partir de thématiques spécifiques, l’étude des pièces les plus représentatives des dernières années.
L’étude est divisée en trois parties. Dans la première, nous examinons le Grec en tant qu’émigré économique ou politique ; dans la deuxième, notre intérêt porte sur les immigrés en Grèce où nous distinguons deux optiques : celle des Grecs et celle des immigrés. Le regard des immigrés sur eux-mêmes se fait soit par des auteurs grecs soit par des étrangers. Dans la dernière partie, l’image de l’immigré est analysée par le biais de la notion de l’Étranger et de l’identité.
Nous remarquons que très souvent les problèmes et les situations qui touchent les immigrés sont mis dans un cadre plus vaste qui pourrait comprendre l’ensemble de la population. Les dramaturges grecs font ainsi preuve de leur sensibilité et de leurs réflexes politiques, et l’art du théâtre se montre toujours prêt à prendre le parti les défavorisés.
Tasman spirit oil spill in Pakistan: Research response and lessons learned
Authors: Janjua Naveed Z. , Kadir Muhammad M. , Lutfi Shahid , Tipre Meghan , Sathiakumar Nalini 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents lessons learned from an investigation of the acute human health effects of the “Tasman Spirit” oil spill from a perspective of conducting rapid response investigations in developing countries.MethodsWe reviewed various steps in our investigation, other studies on oil spills in Pakistan and around the world, and reflected upon our discussions and interactions with various stakeholders.ResultsThe article highlights the importance of applying a public health, legal, and ethical framework for conducting rapid response investigations, developing a pre‐established funding mechanism, and addressing study design issues, exposure and outcome measurements, political issues, community engagement, and communication of results.ConclusionThere is need to develop ethical and legal framework and funding mechanism for conducting rapid response research in developing countries. A repository of study protocols, validated tools, and laboratory methods for exposure and outcome assessment would be greatly beneficial. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:124–131, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indoor fine particle (PM2.5) pollution exposure due to secondhand smoke in selected public places of Sri Lanka
Authors: Nandasena Sumal , Wickremasinghe Ananda R. , Lee Kiyoung , Sathiakumar Nalini 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundSecondhand smoke accounts for a considerable proportion of deaths due to tobacco smoke. Although the existing laws ban indoor smoking in public places in Sri Lanka, the level of compliance is unknown.MethodsFine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in 20 public places in Colombo, Sri Lanka were measured by a PM monitor (Model AM510—SIDEPAK Personal Aerosol Monitor). Different types of businesses (restaurants, bars, cafés, and entertainment venues) were selected by purposive sampling. Only the places where smoking was permitted were considered.ResultsThe average indoor PM2.5 ranged from 33 to 299 µg/m3. The average outdoor PM2.5 ranged from 18 to 83 µg/m3. The indoor to outdoor PM2.5 ratio ranged from 1.05 to 14.93. In all venues, indoor PM2.5 levels were higher than the Sri Lankan ambient PM2.5 standard of 50 µg/m3. All indoor locations had higher PM2.5 levels as compared to their immediate outdoor surroundings.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of improving ventilation and enforcing laws to stop smoking in public places. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1129–1136, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erforschung des Niemandslandes zwischen molekularen Magneten und magnetischen Nanopartikeln
Authors: Gatteschi Dante , Fittipaldi Maria , Sangregorio Claudio , Sorace Lorenzo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEin Vergleich der strukturellen und magnetischen Eigenschaften von molekularen Nanomagneten und magnetischen Nanopartikeln kann hilfreich sein, um ein tieferes Verständnis des magnetischen Verhaltens im Zwischenbereich zwischen molekularen und Bulkobjekten zu gewinnen. In dieser Hinsicht sind Eisen‐Oxo‐Cluster besonders interessant, weil hier eine Reihe von molekularen Systemen existiert, die der Größe von magnetischen Eisenoxid‐Nanopartikeln nahekommen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über Literaturdaten, mit dem Ziel, ein besseres Verständnis davon zu erlangen, wie die Eigenschaften molekularer Nanomagnete in magnetischen Nanopartikeln in Erscheinung treten und umgekehrt.
Synthesis of poly((vinyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid)‐grafted ETFE membrane via radiation grafting and its characterization
Authors: Kinger Niketa , Ko Beom‐Seok , Sohn Joon‐Yong , Nho Young‐Chang , Shin Junhwa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a new fuel cell membrane, poly((vinyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid)‐grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film by simultaneous radiation grafting of 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether onto ETFE film followed by sulfonation. The effects of various irradiation conditions such as the solvents, dose rate, and monomer concentration on the degree of grafting were investigated in detail. The sulfonation procedure of the grafted ETFE films used to replace the chlorine group with a sulfonic acid group includes the following steps. The first step is the formation of thiouronium salt with thiourea, the second step is the hydrolysis with NaOH to form thiol, and the final step is an oxidation of thiol using hydrogen peroxide to achieve the desired sulfonic acid group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) instruments were used to confirm the chemical reaction at every step of the process. In addition, the thermal degradation behaviors of the original ETFE film, grafted ETFE film, and sulfonated membrane were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. To elucidate the possible applications of poly((vinyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid)‐grafted ETFE membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability were investigated and compared with Nafion 212. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012