bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which aspects of executive dysfunction influence ability to manage diabetes in older adults?
Authors: Munshi M. N. , Hayes M. , Iwata I. , Lee Y. , Weinger K. 
Published: February 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1171‐1177 (2012)AbstractAims  To examine whether different aspects of executive function as measured by different assessment tools are associated with glycaemic control and other clinical characteristics in older adults with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  We performed a cross‐sectional study of older adults aged ≥ 70 years with Type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care diabetes centre. The Dysexecutive Questionnaire was used to measure self‐reported executive dysfunction. Objective tests of executive functions included a modified clock drawing test (Clock‐in‐a‐Box), Trail Making Tests (parts A and B) and verbal fluency. Demographic and clinical information was collected using questionnaires and surveys. Glycaemic control was measured by HbA1c.Results  We evaluated 145 patients [average age 77 ± 5 years, diabetes duration 15 ± 11 years, mean HbA1c 56 ± 11 mmol/mol (7.3 ± 1.1%)]. Poor performances on objective tests (low scores on Clock‐in‐a‐Box and verbal fluency; and high scores on Trail Making Tests A and B) but not on the subjective test (the Dysexecutive Questionnaire), were associated with poor glycaemic control (r = −0.23, P < 0.005; r = −0.17, P < 0.04; r = 0.20, P < 0.01, r = 0.22, P < 0.008, r = −0.07, P < 0.42, respectively). In a multiple regression model (r2 = 0.39), high Dysexecutive Questionnaire scores were associated with higher diabetes‐related distress (P < 0.0004), depressive symptoms (P < 0.004), number of falls (P < 0.009), fear of falling (P < 0.01), less years of education (P < 0.0007) and fewer medications (P < 0.001).Conclusions  On the one hand, in older adults, executive dysfunction detected by objective tests is associated with poor glycaemic control and may be considered before prescribing complex treatment regimens. On the other hand, self‐reported executive dysfunction is associated with risk and fear of falls, and more affective symptoms, which may indicate higher awareness of subtle deficits.
Is the demand for alcohol in Indigenous Australian communities ‘price inelastic’?
Authors: GRAY DENNIS 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective. To review the findings of a paper that has often been cited as evidence—with potentially adverse public health consequences—that the demand for alcohol in Indigenous Australian communities is not responsive to price and that, in the face of increasing alcohol prices, expenditure is diverted from basic sustenance to the purchase of alcohol.Methods. The raw data on income and various items of expenditure from the original study were entered in a database, a trend variable was created, and trends in measures of interest were tested using appropriate cross‐correlations.Results. Re‐analysis of the data did not support the findings of the original study.Conclusions. The original study does not contradict the general findings of the national and international literature that the demand for alcohol is sensitive to increases in price and does not provide evidence for the assertion that, other factors being equal, price controls on the availability of alcohol in Indigenous communities are likely to be ineffective.[Dennis Gray. Is the demand for alcohol in Indigenous Australian communities ‘price inelastic’? Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:818–822]
Moderators of the Relation between Shyness and Behavior with Peers: Cortisol Dysregulation and Maternal Emotion Socialization
Authors: Davis Elizabeth L. , Buss Kristin A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the relations among shyness, physiological dysregulation, and maternal emotion socialization in predicting children's social behavior with peers during the kindergarten year (N = 66; 29 girls). For shy children, interactions with peers represent potential stressors that can elicit negative emotion and physiological reactions. Behavior during these contexts can be viewed as adaptive (e.g., playing alone) or maladaptive (e.g., watching other children play without joining in) attempts to regulate the ensuing distress. Whether shy children employ adaptive or maladaptive regulatory behaviors was expected to depend on two aspects of emotion regulatory skill: (1) children's physiological regulation, and (2) maternal emotion socialization. Findings supported the hypotheses. Specifically, shy children with poorer cortisol regulation or have mothers who endorsed a higher level of non‐supportive emotion reactions engaged in more maladaptive play behaviors whereas shy children with better cortisol regulation or a high level of supportive maternal emotion reactions engaged in more adaptive play behaviors.
Injection with corticosteroids (ultrasound guided) in patients with an ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, feasibility study
Authors: Alblas C. L. , van Kasteel V. , Jellema K. 
Published: February 2012

Introduction and purpose:  Unlike carpal tunnel syndrome, little is known about injection with corticosteroids in patients with an ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). The purpose of this feasibility study is to see whether injection with corticosteroids is safe in patients with UNE and whether there are grounds to launch a prospective placebo‐controlled study on the effects of corticosteroids.Methods:  Patients with clinical symptoms of UNE and a nerve conduction study compatible with UNE or thickened ulnar nerve at the elbow (> 10 mm2) by ultrasonography were included. All included patients received an ultrasound‐guided injection of 1 ml containing 40 mg methylprednisoloneacetate and 10 mg lidocainhydrochloride (Depo‐Medrol®). Complications of the injection were monitored. After 3 months, nerve conduction studies and ultrasonography were repeated and a clinical outcome determined.Results:  Eight patients with nine UNE were included. None of the patients mentioned increase in the symptoms directly after the injection nor had an infection on the injection site or haematoma. After 3 months, there was improvement of the symptoms in five patients. One patient deteriorated and three had no change of the symptoms at all. Overall, there was no significant change of the thickness of the ulnar nerve with mean difference −0.056 mm2 (95% CI −2.56 to 2.45 mm2).Conclusion:  We showed that injection with corticosteroids in patients with UNE is easy and safe, and based on this result, we found enough arguments to launch a prospective, placebo‐controlled trial to explore the effectiveness of corticosteroids in patients with UNE.
The accuracy of spot urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio in confirming proteinuria in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Cade Thomas J. , Gilbert Stacey A. , Polyakov Alex , Hotchin Anne 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundThe gold standard for diagnosis of proteinuria in pre‐eclampsia is traditionally a 24‐h urine collection. Current Australian guidelines advocate use of the spot urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (PCR); however, there is controversy in the international literature about its accuracy and little recent Australian data exists.AimTo clarify the accuracy of the spot urine PCR in a cohort of Australian women with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsWomen with pre‐eclampsia over a 52‐month period from a single obstetric unit were included in the study. Spot urine PCR, 24‐h urine collection, gestation at delivery, severe hypertension in labour and magnesium sulphate requirement were recorded. Primary analysis of predictive values was performed on women who had had both a spot urine PCR and a 24‐h collection. Continuous data were assessed using least squares analysis with Pearson correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman plot and receiver operator characteristics curve.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen women had pre‐eclampsia, and 121 of these underwent both tests. The two tests were highly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001). The urine PCR had a positive predictive value of 94% and a sensitivity of 95% for predicting proteinuria. There were no significant increases in the diagnosis of severe hypertension in labour nor the need for magnesium sulphate infusion in labour in those women in whom the 24‐h collection was omitted.ConclusionsThe urine PCR is highly accurate in predicting significant proteinuria in women with pre‐eclampsia using the recommended cut‐off of 30 mg/mmol. Our findings support current guidelines suggesting the use of a 24‐h urine collection is now rarely required.
Beck Depression Inventory‐Fast Screen (BDI‐FS): An efficient tool for depression screening in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Neitzer Andrea , Sun Sumi , Doss Sheila , Moran John , Schiller Brigitte 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDepression is common in patients suffering from end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Various screening tools for depression in ESRD patients are available. This study aimed to validate the Beck Depression Inventory‐Fast Screen (BDI‐FS) with the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) as depression screening tool in conventional hemodialysis (CHD) patients. One hundred sixty two CHD patients were studied with both screening questionnaires. We used the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to measure the agreement between BDI‐II and BDI‐FS scores from 134 patients who responded to both questionnaires. Receiver operating characteristics curve and area under the curve were constructed to determine a valid BDI‐FS cutoff score to identify ESRD patients at risk for depression. BDI‐II and BDI‐FS scores strongly correlated (Pearson r = 0.85, p < 0.0001). At a BDI‐II cutoff ≥16, receiver operating characteristics showed the best balance between sensitivity and specificity for the BDI‐FS cutoff value of ≥4 with a sensitivity of 97.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.5%, 99.9%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI: 84.5%, 96.4%). When applying the above cutoff scores, prevalence of depressive symptoms in all completed questionnaires was found to be 28.7% (BDI‐II) and 30.1% (BDI‐FS), respectively. The BDI‐FS was found to be an efficient and effective tool for depression screening in ESRD patients which can be easily implemented in routine dialysis care.
Jamaican Mothers’ Influences of Adolescent Girls’ Sexual Beliefs and Behaviors
Authors: Katherine Hutchinson M. , Kahwa Eulalia , Waldron Norman , Hepburn Brown Cerese , Hamilton Pansy I. , Hewitt Hermi H. , Aiken Joyette , Cederbaum Julie , Alter Emily , Sweet Jemmott Loretta 
Published: February 2012

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the ways in which urban Jamaican mothers influence their adolescent daughters’ sexual beliefs and behaviors in order to incorporate them into the design of a family‐based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention program.Design: Focus groups were conducted with 46 14‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescent girls and 30 mothers or female guardians of adolescent girls recruited from community‐based organizations in and around Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica. Separate focus groups were held with mothers and daughters; each included 6 to 10 participants. Focus group sessions were scripted, led by teams that included trained Jamaican and American facilitators and note‐takers, and audio‐taped to ensure data accuracy. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Findings: Four major maternal influences were identified: mother‐daughter relationship quality, mother‐daughter sexual communication, monitoring or supervision, and maternal sexual role modeling. Mothers’ and daughters’ reports were consistent; both groups identified positive and negative influences within each category.Conclusions: Some maternal influences were positive and health promoting; others were negative and promoted unsafe sexual activity and risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. These influences were incorporated into the design of a culture‐specific family‐based HIV risk reduction intervention tailored to the needs of urban Jamaican adolescent girls and their mothers.Clinical Relevance: In order to be effective, family‐based HIV risk reduction interventions should be theory based and tailored to the target audience. The four maternal influences identified in this formative study were incorporated into the subsequent intervention design.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2011; XX:X, XXX–XXX. ©2011 Sigma Theta Tau International.
Feeding behaviour of the Asiatic citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, on healthy and huanglongbing‐infected citrus
Authors: Cen Yijing , Yang Chengliang , Holford Paul , Beattie G. Andrew C. , Spooner‐Hart Robert N. , Liang Guangwen , Deng Xiaoling 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDiaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) is a vector of huanglongbing, a disease of citrus that in Asia is caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (α‐Proteobacteria) (Las). Acquisition of Las by D. citri appears to be variable, and this variability may be due to the suitability of the host plants and their tissues for acquisition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of symptom severity of the disease on the feeding behaviour of D. citri. Use of an electrical penetration graph showed that the pathway phase of D. citri consisted of four waveforms, A, B, C, and D; waveforms A and B have not been reported for D. citri before. The remaining waveforms, E1, E2, and G, conform to those described before for D. citri. The duration of the non‐penetration period did not differ between healthy or infected plants. However, in moderately and severely symptomatic plants, the duration of the pathway phase increased, whereas the phloem phase was shorter. In all diseased plants, the times to first and sustained salivation in the phloem were longer than those in control plants, with the times being related to symptom severity. As symptom expression increased, the percentage of time spent by psyllids salivating during the phloem phase increased; however, the percentage of time spent in phloem activities reduced gradually from ca. 74% in the control plants to ca. 8% in the severely symptomatic plants. In contrast, the percentage of time spent on xylem activities increased, as did the proportion of psyllids feeding from xylem. The differences in the durations of the E waveforms on plants showing different levels of symptom expression may account for differences in acquisition found amongst studies; therefore, future work on the acquisition and transmission of Las needs to carefully document symptom expression.
Osteogenesis at implants without primary bone contact – An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Sivolella Stefano , Bressan Eriberto , Salata Luiz A. , Urrutia Zoraya A. , Lang Niklaus P. , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the healing at implants with a moderately rough surface placed and stabilized in recipient sites of dimensions deeper and larger than that of the implants to avoid any contact between parent bone and the implant.Material & methodsIn six Labrador dogs, premolars and first molars were extracted bilaterally in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, mucoperiosteal full‐thickness flaps were elevated and the premolar area of the alveolar bony crest was selected. Three recipient sites were prepared to place three implants. One implant was used as control. The other two were placed in recipient sites which left a circumferentially and periapical prepared defect of 0.7 mm (small) and 1.2 mm (large), respectively. All implants were stabilized with passive fixation plates to maintain the implants stable and without any contact with the implant bed. After 3 months of submerged healing, the animals were sacrificed. Ground sections were prepared and analyzed histomorphometrically.ResultsThe BIC% was 5.3% and 0.3% for implants placed in small and large defect sites, respectively, whereas it was 46.1% for control implants. The differences were statistically significant. The width of the residual defects was 0.4 and 0.5 mm at the small and large defects, respectively. An approximately 0.09 mm layer of dense connective tissue (DCT) rich in fibers and fibroblast‐like cells was observed adherent to the implant surfaces. The percentage of implant surface covered by DCT was 92.8% and 95.6% at the small and large defects, respectively.ConclusionOsseointegration was observed at the test sites, and the dimensions of the defects influenced the outcomes. However, the degree of osseointegration at both small and large defects was very low compared with the control sites.
Suspension and Air Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramic Thermal Barrier Coatings with High Infrared Reflectance
Authors: Stuke A. , Kassner H. , Marqués J.‐L. , Vassen, R. , Stöver D. , Carius R. 
Published: February 2012

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings are widely used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase operating temperature of gas turbines. In the wavelength range where most of the radiation by walls and combustion gas is emitted within the gas turbine YSZ is semitransparent leading to increasing radiation heat flows into the components at increasing service temperatures. The objective of this work is to optimize the diffuse reflectance of plasma‐sprayed TBCs by improving the coating microstructure such that the reflectance of radiation is increased. As a result, a more efficient thermal screening of the underlying metallic substrate is achieved. In this work, air plasma‐sprayed and suspension plasma‐sprayed (SPS) coatings of 7% YSZ using powder of different grain size distributions and different spray parameters were deposited. The reflectance and transmittance has been investigated in the wavelength range from 0.3 to 2.5 μm. The SPS‐coatings showed the highest reflectance up to 94% at 1.5 μm wavelength. In addition, the scattering and absorption coefficients of the sprayed TBCs calculated with the Kubelka–Munk two flux model showed strong correlation with the measured porosity. By improving the microstructure, we were able to reduce thermal conductivity while increasing scattering of radiation, resulting in lower heat flow and lower temperature at the metallic substrate. These results are strengthened by numerical calculations.
Laser Machining and Functional Applications of Glass‐Ceramic Materials
Authors: Sola Daniel , Peña Jose I. 
Published: February 2012

In this work a study of glass‐ceramic laser machining and some functional applications are presented. Firstly, both the effect produced by the machining method as well as how the modification of the reference position influence the machining results have been studied. Secondly, blind holes and special shape cross‐section blind holes have been created for functional purposes. A Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser at its fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm with pulse‐widths in the nanosecond range has been used. Morphology, depth, and volume obtained by machining grooves have been studied. The variation in the ablation yield when the position of the surface to be machined is modified has also been studied. The composition and microstructure of the machined areas have been described and discussed and thermal tests have been performed to check if the objectives of the functional applications have been achieved.
The contribution of plant species with a steady‐state flowering phenology to native bee conservation and bee pollination services
Authors: PETERS VALERIE E. , CARROLL C. RONALD , COOPER ROBERT J. , GREENBERG RUSSELL , SOLIS MANUEL 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.  1. Neotropical organisms have evolved in an environment of relatively low temporal variation in food availability, but when neotropical forests are converted to agriculture, the temporal patchiness of food resources is increased. Plant species with a continuous (i.e. steady‐state) flowering/fruiting phenology are unique to the tropics and may more evenly distribute food resources temporally in agroecosystems.2. Here, we test the effects of an experimentally planted supplemental steady‐state floral resource, Hamelia patens Jacq., on bee diversity and pollination services in coffee agroforests. In addition, we evaluate effects of the steady‐state resource during low‐density and mass coffee blooms.3. Malaise trap data indicated that bee species density was significantly higher in coffee agroforests with the supplemental steady‐state floral resources [11.89 ± 1.62 (SE)] compared to those without (8.88 ± 1.10).4. The steady‐state floral resource had a negative impact on native bee visits to coffee flowers and a positive impact on Apis mellifera visits to coffee flowers (e.g. during low‐density blooms agroforests with steady‐state resources had 76% fewer native bee and 130% more A. mellifera visits to coffee flowers). Although coffee initial fruit set rates were higher across all agroforests during low‐density blooms (0.74 ± 0.03) compared to the mass bloom (0.59 ± 0.03), steady‐state floral resources did not affect initial fruit set rates (Z = −1.05, P = 0.29).5. Our results suggest that plants with a steady‐state phenology can provide more reliable resources for bees, supporting the conservation of wild bees in agroforests. However, steady‐state flowering may draw native bees away from the focal crop, especially during low‐density flowering.
Homeopaths attempt to salvage a positive result from treatment failure in an underpowered trial
Authors: Vagg M 
Published: February 2012

Brien S, Lachance L, Prescott P, McDermott C, Lewith G.Homeopathy has clinical benefits in rheumatoid arthritis patients that are attributable to the consultation process but not the homeopathic remedy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Rheumatology 2011; 50: 1070–82.
Acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Marcus DM 
Published: February 2012

Miller E, Maimon Y, Rosenblatt Y et al.Delayed effect of acupuncture treatment in OA of the knee: a blinded, randomized, controlled trial.Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2011; Article ID 792975. doi:10.1093/ecam/nen080
Ear acupuncture for migraine
Authors: Yeung K Simon , Cassileth BR 
Published: February 2012

Allais G, Romoli M, Rolando S, Airola G, Castagnoli Gabellari I, Allais R, Benedetto C.Ear acupuncture in the treatment of migraine attacks: a randomized trial on the efficacy of appropriate versus inappropriate acupoints.Neurol Sci 2011; 32: S173–S5.