bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the feasibility of alternative burnout material (maize cob) versus the traditional material (sawdust) for point-of-use ceramic water filter production
Authors: Nnaji C.C. , Adibe S. 
Published: May 2024

Ceramic water filters, are a promising household water treatment technology. Filters were produced using clay as the base material and two locally available burnout materials (sawdust and maize cob). The clay which was classified as an Inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity has a liquid limit of 41.1% and plasticity index of 37.4%. The sizes of the combustible materials are 5,10, 22 microns mixed in proportions of 1:1 and 1:2 by proportions of clay and burnout materials respectively, moulded and fired to a temperature of 1000℃. In the end, ten filters were produced from various particles sizes and proportions of the sawdust and maize cob. The bulk density of the filters ranged from 1.67 to 3.5 g/cm3 with a typical value of 2.63±0.57 g/cm3 . Apparent porosity ranged from 94.94 to 99.87% with a typical value of 99.10±1.13%; while water absorption varied from 28.6 to 59.71 % with a mean of 40.02±9.49 %. Flow rate ranged from very slow rate of 0.051 to 0.92 L/h with a typical value of 0.354±0.226 L/h. Based on type of burnout material, filters made with sawdust had higher flow rates (0.433 L/hr) than those made from maize cob (0.291 L/hr). The percent turbidity removal ranged from 9.1% - 43.7% on the first week to 30.6 – 70.4% on the fifth week of the test for filters made from maize cob; whereas the percent turbidity removal ranged from 5.7 – 35.3% on the first week to 44.9 – 75.6% on the fifth day for sawdust. Filters made from sawdust performed significantly better than those made from maize cob (p = 0.044) at 95% confidence level. In terms of particle size, there was an increase in efficiency of Coliform removal efficiency from 99.6 to 99.8% as the particle size of burnout materials increased from 5 μm to 22 μm. Filters made with lower proportion (1:1) of burnout materials exhibited higher Coliform removal (99.76%) than those made with higher (2:1) proportion (99.63%). However, the proportion of burnout materials within the range used in this study did not significantly affect percentage Coliform removal (p = 0.247). Filters made from sawdust generally performed better than those made from maize cob.
Development of geotechnical properties geo-database for soil in Kano metropolis to enhance building construction
Authors: Yunusa G.H. , Kida A.S. , Suleiman A. , Idris A. 
Published: May 2024

Building collapse is a prevalent and concerning issue that resulted in significant loss of lives and properties in many places in Nigeria including Kano state and determination of Geotechnical properties of soil could play a crucial role in preventing building collapse. This study uses Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies to create a geospatial database of soil properties in Kano Metropolis. The database, created using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and spatial interpolation techniques, provides 212 sets of soil properties being meticulously mapped across the study area. These meticulously generated maps illustrate various soil characteristics prevalent in the metropolis, offering invaluable insights for preliminary designs and construction planning for buildings within Kano Metropolis. The soils in this area are predominantly classified as CL (Clay of low plasticity), SC (Sandy Clay), and SM (Silty Sand) using Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The moisture content spans from 2.01 to 46%, specific gravity within the range of 2.32 to 2.75, liquid limits varying between 17.2 and 45%, plastic limits within the range of 10.1 to 40.5%, and linear shrinkage values spanning from 1 to 13%. Furthermore, the shear strength parameters of the soil across the study area varies. The unit weight varies between 15.61 and 22.16 kN/ m3 , the cohesion (c) values ranging from 1.28 to 29.1 kN/m2 , and the angle of internal friction (ϕ) spanning from 5.5° to 32.2°. Despite variations in ultimate and allowable bearing capacity with depth, the ultimate bearing capacity (qult) generally ranges between 108 and 1150 kN/m2 , with the corresponding allowable bearing capacity (qall) falling between 40 and 343 kN/m2 . This research provides valuable geospatial knowledge to engineers, architects, and construction professionals in Kano Metropolis, enhancing decision-making and project planning precision, ultimately contributing to sustainable development and growth of Kano metropolis.
Influence of vibration on sub-ballast layer induced by loading application on a fouled track ballast
Authors: Onwube A.U. , Mashros N. , Yusoff N.A. , Eberemu A.O. 
Published: May 2024

The railway track’s sub-ballast layer is important, but it is often neglected, leading to the contamination and blockage of voids, as well as track deformation and degradation. These issues occur when fouling materials infiltrate the subballast due to load-induced vibration. The purposes of this paper are to investigate the influence of vibration on the sub-ballast layer when loads are applied to a fouled ballast and to determine whether sub-ballast saturation should be ignored. A ballast box was fabricated to represent actual railway conditions and filled with 100 kg of ballast aggregates containing fouling materials (crushed ballast, sand, clay, and coal) proportional to the ballast weight. In addition, a vibratory compactor plate machine was used to simulate load on the fouled ballast, inducing vibrations that caused fouling materials to migrate into the sub-ballast. The results indicate that 18% of crushed ballast, 20% of sand, 20.7% of clay, and 15% of coal infiltrated the sub-ballast due to loading-induced vibration, and fouling infiltration percentages rose as vibration from loading increased. These percentages exceeded the standard 10% weight of fouling infiltration into the sub-ballast, indicating an unfavourable subballast condition and showing that sub-ballast saturation should not be ignored. These findings have significant implications for maintenance engineers, as they underscore the need for continuous monitoring and upkeep to ensure optimal sub- ballast performance.
Effects of heat treatment on tensile properties of 3D-printed short fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Shuaibu A. , Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2024

3D-printed carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRC) using fused deposition modelling (FDM) offer the potential for building complex geometries and low waste. However, these composites have weaker interlaminar bonding and higher void content than traditional composites. This paper explores the effect of temperature on improving the mechanical properties of 3D-printed short carbon fibre- reinforced polyamide (PACF). Two types of printed structures were tested: one with a 0° build orientation (parallel to extruder movement) and the other with a 90° build orientation (perpendicular to extruder movement). Both samples were heat-treated at 150°C. Force vs. displacement data was obtained from the MTS testing machine. After that, the tested samples were viewed under an optical microscope. Images obtained from the optical microscope are then analyzed to see how the samples failed by checking the microstructure. The average ultimate strength, ultimate strain, and elastic modulus were used for the analysis. The sample follows a trend where the strength and elastic modulus increase after heat treatment. The result also showed that the 0° build orientation samples have higher mechanical performance than the 90° build orientation sample. Also, from the ultimate strain values, it was evident that samples printed in the 0° absorbed more energy, exhibiting 83% higher resistance before final failure. Lastly, an optical microscope was used to investigate the failure mechanisms of the samples.
Plasticidad Cognitiva en Adultos Mayores: Valores de Referencia de la AVLT-PA para Adultos de Buenos Aires
Authors: González Aguilar Maria Josefina 
Published: May 2024

Introducción. En Latinoamérica, los estudios de plasticidad cognitiva en el envejecimiento son escasos. La AVLT-PA es una versión modificada de la Lista de Rey que evalúa plasticidad cognitiva mediante la valoración del potencial de aprendizaje. No se cuenta con datos normativos de la AVLT-PA para adultos mayores. Objetivo. Estudiar la correlación entre variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad y nivel educativo) y la AVLT-PA en personas mayores, para presentar valores de referencia argentinos de la AVLT-PA. Metodología. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 107 adultos mayores argentinos entre 60 y 89 años. Se analizaron la correlación y las diferencias de variables de la AVLT-PA según sexo, edad y nivel educativo. Resultados. Se observó una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre edad y AVLT-PA, y se observaron diferencias según sexo. No se observó correlación entre las variables de la AVLT-PA y los años de educación. Conclusiones. La AVLT-PA presenta diferencias según edad y sexo, pero no presentó correlación con los años de educación formal, resultando así una herramienta útil para describir el funcionamiento en memoria episódica en personas mayores sanas con diferentes niveles educativos. Por lo tanto, se tomaron en cuenta estas variables para presentar los valores de referencias de la AVLT-PA para población argentina.
The myth theology of priest Pavel Florensky
Authors: Даренский В.Ю. 
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматривается «богословие мифа» священника Павла Флоренского как нетривиальный философско-богословский подход к пониманию онтологии мифа и его базовых функций в культуре. Показана эвристичность этой концепции, в которой соединены два аспекта мифогенезиса: языковой и мистический. Мифотворчество в культуре имманентно обусловлено «магической» природой слова и языка, т. е. его способностью творить человеческую реальность; благодаря этому слово и символ оформляют мистическое постижение мира в его «родстве» с человеком. С другой стороны, миф является внешней «оболочкой» культа, которая «отслаивается» от него, профанирует и погибает. Этим задается циклический характер бытия культурных форм как развертывания культа в историческом времени. Такой подход к пониманию мифа позволил о. Павлу Флоренскому указать на сущностную преемственность между языческим и христианским культом, при котором первый выступает как прообраз, а второй — как исполнение чаемого откровения.
The article discusses the “theology of myth” of fr. Pavel Florensky as a non-trivial philosophical and theological approach to understanding the ontology of myth and its basic functions in culture. The heuristic nature of this concept is shown, in which two aspects of mythogenesis are combined: linguistic and mystical. Myth–making in culture is immanently conditioned by the “magical” nature of the word and language — that is, its ability to create human reality; thanks to this, the word and symbol formalize the mystical comprehension of the world in its “kinship” with man. On the other hand, the myth is the outer “shell” of the cult, which “peels off” from it, profanes and perishes. This sets the cyclical nature of the existence of cultural forms as the unfolding of a cult in historical time. This approach to understanding the myth allowed fr. Pavel Florensky to point out the essential continuity between pagan and Christian cult, in which the former acts as a prototype, and the latter as the fulfillment of the revelation that humanity expects.
The concepts of God and reality in the ontognoseological concept of S. L. Frank
Authors: Ян Ч. 
Published: May 2024

В статье анализируются две работы С. Л. Франка — «Предмет знания» и «Реальность и человек», в которых, по словам самого философа, была концептуализирована его центральная мировоззренческая интуиция бытия как сверхрационального единства; внимание автора статьи при этом акцентируется на теме отношения между понятиями Бога и реальности. Отмечается, что разрабатываемое в онтогносеологической концепции С. Л. Франка учение о «живом знании» хотя и имеет смысловые параллели с философско-богословскими представлениями как славянофилов, так и позднейших русских метафизиков, однако вопрос о субъекте познания в нем остается непроясненным вследствие логической невыраженности связи между понятиями Бога и реальности (мира) и апелляции С. Л. Франка к сверхрациональности этой связи. Утверждается, что мыслитель в конечном итоге был вынужден отождествить эти понятия, склонившись тем самым к пантеистическому мировидению. Отстаивая понимание Бога как источника реальности (ее «инстанции») и констатируя сущностное «родство» Бога и человека, С. Л. Франк вступил в явное и открытое противоречие с христианской догматикой.
The article analyzes two works by S. L. Frank — “The Subject of Knowledge” and “Reality and Man”. In them, according to the philosopher himself, his central ideological intuition of existence as a super-rational unity was conceptualized. The author of the article focuses on the topic of the relationship between the concepts of God and reality. It is noted that the doctrine of “living knowledge” developed in the ontognoseological concept of S. L. Frank has semantic parallels in the philosophical and theological ideas of both Slavophiles and later Russian metaphysicians. However, the question of the subject of knowledge in it remains unclear due to the logical lack of expression of the connection between the concepts of God and reality (the world), as well as S. L. Frank’s appeal to the super-rationality of this connection. It is argued that the thinker was ultimately forced to identify these concepts, thereby leaning towards a pantheistic worldview. Defending the understanding of God as the source of reality (its “instance”) and stating the essential “kinship” of God and man, S. L. Frank entered into a clear and open contradiction with Christian dogma.
V. M. Vasnetsov’s religious creativity: genesis, spiritual and artistic influences
Authors: Скоробогачева Е.А. , Бурова М.А. 
Published: May 2024

Недостаточно изученными в настоящее время остаются истоки искусства В. М. Васнецова, становление философии его творчества; те основные факторы и превалирующие векторы духовно-художественных влияний, которые определили его самосознание и развитие творчества. В их исследовании заключается цель статьи. Очевидна смысловая и художественная цельность его творчества, потому важно определить ее духовные доминанты. Опираясь на исследование его произведений и на изучение биографических сведений, на основе архивных материалов, ряд которых впервые вводится в научный оборот, выявляем понятие «верующий разум» как ключевое в становление художника. Значение данного понятия анализируется при обращении к происхождению их рода, этимологии фамилии, малоизвестным фактам отрочества и юности В. М. Васнецова, а также его братьев — представителей сфер православной культуры и науки. Впервые сделан вывод, что именно религиозно-философское содержание понятия «верующий разум» позволило Васнецову достигнуть емкости интерпретаций извечных смыслов в его многогранном искусстве, неизменно развивающемся в русле православия.
The origins of V. M. Vasnetsov’s art, the formation of his creative philosophy, the main factors and prevailing vectors of spiritual and artistic influences that determined his self-consciousness and the development of creativity remain insufficiently studied at the present time. Their research is the purpose of the article. The semantic and artistic integrity of his work is obvious, therefore it is important to determine its spiritual dominants. Relying on the study of biographical information based on archival materials, a number of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, on the study of his works, we identify the concept of “believing mind” as the key to the formation of the artist. The meaning of this concept is analyzed when referring to the origin of their family, the etymology of the surname, the little-known facts of the adolescence and youth of V. M. Vasnetsov, as well as his brothers — representatives of the spheres of Orthodox culture and science. For the first time, it is concluded that it was the religious and philosophical content of the concept of “believing mind” that allowed Vasnetsov to achieve the capacity of interpretations of eternal meanings in his multifaceted art, constantly developing in the mainstream of Orthodoxy.
Christian apologetics in a context of science. Book review: Holder R. Ramified natural theology in science and religion. Moving forward from natural theology. London-NY: Routledge, 2021. 247 p. ISBN 978-0-367-37319-1
Authors: Кирьянов Д.В. 
Published: May 2024

Естественная теология получила новый импульс для своего развития в конце XX — начале XXI вв. благодаря открытиям, сделанным в области наших знаний о структуре и эволюции Вселенной. В эпоху религиозного плюрализма христианская апологетика нуждается не только в аргументах в пользу существования Бога, но также в рациональном оправдании основных вероучительных положений христианства, таких как учения о Боговоплощении и воскресении Иисуса Христа. Именно поэтому многие современные апологеты христианства используют строгий формальный язык теории вероятностей, опирающийся на теорему Байеса. В данной статье представлен анализ основных линий аргументации так называемой «ветвящейся естественной теологии» Р. Холдера в пользу истинности ключевых доктрин христианства.
Nowadays natural theology received new impetus for its development due to discoveries made in the field of structure and evolution of the universe. In an era of religious pluralism, Christian apologetics needs not only arguments in favor of God’s existence, but also a rational justification of the main Christian doctrines, such as the incarnation and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is why many Christian apologists use the strict formal language of probability theory, based on Bayes’ theorem. The paper presents an analysis of the main lines of R. Holder’s arguments of so-called “ramified natural theology” to support key doctrines of Christianity.
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Sudan and Its Impact on Visual Acuity
Authors: Ibraheim Khalil Ali , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Despite being a self-limiting allergy disorder, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) can potentially cause severe problems, including blindness, if not properly treated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of VKC on the visual acuity of patients.
Materials and Methods: We conducted this prospective descriptive study between January 1, 2023, and April 20, 2024.So, all children with spring catarrh symptoms and signs were examined at Dr. Khalil's ophthalmology center (240 patients), including the cornea, bulbar, and palpebral conjunctiva, visual acuity was measured, visual impairment was classified by WHO, and structured questionnaires were completed. The study excludes children under the age of four years and those over the age of eighteen years.
Findings: A total of 240 patients participated in this assessment, with an average age of 10 years. The male to female ratio for the age of disease beginning was 2.10:100. The mean age of onset was 5 years. The occurrence of this phenomenon is more prevalent in the younger age group compared to the older age group, with a ratio of 1.40 to 1.00. We have observed that a condition recurs in 85% of patients. The illness affects both eyes in 97% of the individuals. Regarding visual acuity, the majority of patients exhibit normal or reduced visual acuity, accounting for 81.6%, while the remaining 15% experience substantial visual impairment. 2.1% of patients were found to have severe visual impairment, while 1.3% were diagnosed
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: VKC, is a prevalent disease in Sudan. It often affects both eyes and is more common in males than females. VKC tends to occur at a young age and often recurs in patients. Additionally, it can lead to severe consequences that result in a decline in visual acuity in over 18% of patients. Children with VKD should undergo continuous screening for their visual acuity.
Virtual and Remote Robotic Laboratory
Authors: Vishala I L  , Chandana S  
Published: May 2024

The Virtual Remote Robotic Laboratory (VRRL) represents a paradigm shift in scientific experimentation, offering	researchers unprecedented access to remote laboratory facilities and robotic systems. This paper explores the design, implementation, and benefits of VRRL systems in enhancing access and collaboration in scientific research. VRRL leverages cloud computing, IoT technologies, and advanced user interfaces to enable researchers to remotely control and interact with robotic systems and laboratory equipment from anywhere with an internet connection. Through intuitive user interfaces, researchers can seamlessly navigate virtual environments, manipulate robots, monitor experiments in real- time, and analyze data, all without physical presence in the laboratory. Key features of VRRL include robust security protocols to protect sensitive data, flexible experimentation capabilities to accommodate diverse research needs, and collaboration tools to facilitate knowledge sharing and teamwork among researchers worldwide. By breaking geographical barriers and providing on-demand access to laboratory resources, VRRL empowers researchers to conduct experiments more efficiently, accelerate scientific discovery, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration
Performance of Medication Tasks: Relationship Among Patient-Reported Outcomes, Performance-Based Assessments, and Objective Assessments
Authors: Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Aylmer Katherine , Green Samara , Tayeb Sami , Wolf Timothy J. , Unni Elizabeth , Somerville Emily 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners use standardized assessments to guide their clinical decision-making, but it is unclear how well performance on standardized assessments translates to performance at home.
Objective: To understand the concurrent and predictive validity of patient-reported outcomes and performance-based assessments for monitoring performance at home within the context of medication management and adherence.
Design: Exploratory study.
Setting: Participants completed standardized assessments in a lab or at home, which were followed by home-based electronic monitoring of medication adherence.
Participants: Sixty community-dwelling adults with hypertension or stroke who independently took antihypertensive medications.
Outcomes and Measures: Participants completed the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale, the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Reasons Scale, the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills Medication Management subtask, and the Executive Function Performance Test–Enhanced Medication Management subtest. Then, they used an electronic pill cap to monitor medication adherence at home for 1 month.
Results: Patient-reported outcomes and performance-based assessments in the context of medication management and adherence demonstrated poor concurrent and predictive validity to medication adherence at home.
Conclusions and Relevance: There is a gap between what people think they will do, what they can do on a standardized assessment, and what they actually do at home. Future research is needed to strengthen concurrent and predictive validity to clinically meaningful outcomes.
Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapy practitioners should use caution when using standardized assessments to try to predict client performance at home. They should also continue to use a battery of assessments, clinical reasoning, and client preferences to guide their decision-making for monitoring performance at home within the context of medication management and adherence.