bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular characterization of new types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrid yeasts unveils a high genetic diversity
Authors: Peris David , Belloch Carmela , Lopandić Ksenija , Álvarez‐Pérez José Manuel , Querol Amparo , Barrio Eladio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNew double‐ and triple‐hybrid Saccharomyces yeasts were characterized using PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism of 35 nuclear genes, located on different chromosome arms, and the sequencing of one nuclear and one mitochondrial gene. Most of these new hybrids were originally isolated from fermentations; however, two of them correspond to clinical and dietary supplement isolates. This is the first time that the presence of double‐hybrid S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii in non‐fermentative substrates has been reported and investigated. Phylogenetic analysis of the MET6 nuclear gene confirmed the double or triple parental origin of the new hybrids. Restriction analysis of gene regions in these hybrids revealed a high diversity of genome types. From these molecular characterizations, a reduction of the S. kudriavzevii fraction of the hybrid genomes is observed in most hybrids. Mitochondrial inheritance in hybrids was deduced from the analysis of mitochondrial COX2 gene sequences, which showed that most hybrids received the mitochondrial genome from the S. kudriavzevii parent. However, two strains inherited a S. cerevisiae COX2, being the first report of S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids with S. cerevisiae mitochondrial genomes. These two strains are those showing a higher S. kudriavzevii nuclear genome reduction, especially in the wine hybrid AMH. This may be due to the release of selective pressures acting on the other hybrids to maintain kudriavzevii mitochondria‐interacting genes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effectiveness of Cultural Adjustment and Trauma Services (CATS): Generating Practice‐Based Evidence on a Comprehensive, School‐Based Mental Health Intervention for Immigrant Youth
Authors: Beehler Sarah , Birman Dina , Campbell Ruth 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA collaborative study of Cultural Adjustment and Trauma Services (CATS), a comprehensive, school‐based mental health program for traumatized immigrant children and adolescents, was conducted to generate practice‐based evidence on the service delivery model across two school districts. Program effectiveness was assessed by testing whether client functioning and PTSD symptoms improved as a result of 7 separate service elements. An array of clinical services including CBT, supportive therapy, and coordinating services were provided to all students, and an evidence‐based intervention for trauma, TF‐CBT, was implemented with a subset of students. Greater quantities of CBT and supportive therapy increased functioning, while greater quantities of coordinating services decreased symptoms of PTSD. TF‐CBT services were associated with both improved functioning and PTSD symptoms, although TF‐CBT was implemented with fidelity to the overall comprehensive service model rather than the structured intervention model. Results suggest the comprehensive school‐based model was effective, though different service components affected different student outcomes. Implications of these findings for immigrant mental health interventions and implementing structured evidence‐based practices into community mental health programs are discussed. Suggestions are made for future research on existing mental health practices with immigrants.
Analysis of Changing Residential Fire Dynamics and Its Implications on Firefighter Operational Timeframes
Authors: Kerber Stephen 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, different home geometries, increased synthetic fuel loads, and changing construction materials. Several experiments were conducted to compare the impact of changing fuel loads in residential houses. These experiments show living room fires have flashover times of less than 5 min when they used to be on the order of 30 min. Other experiments demonstrate the failure time of wall linings, windows and interior doors have decreased over time which also impact fire growth and firefighter tactics. Each of these changes alone may not be significant but the all-encompassing effect of these components on residential fire behavior has changed the incidents that the fire service is responding to. This analysis examines this change in fire dynamics and the impact on firefighter response times and operational timeframes.
Ranking of Urology Registrar Placements within a Region. An SAC Pilot
Authors: Oates J.E. , O'Flynn K.J. , Shackley D.C. 
Published: December 2011

Background: There is a continual desire to improve educational standards, demonstrate quality assurance of training and to respond to the growing pressure to reduce SpR numbers. Any reduction would need to be based on an assessment which looks at educational value and trainee experience. We describe our experience using a tool to rank urology registrar posts in a single region. Methods and materials: An assessment scoring tool was created with equal trainee and trainer components. The trainee and trainer elements were developed from the proposed JCST trainee assessment and the GMC standards for trainers, with a maximum score of 200 achievable. Higher scores could be obtained by the unit being pro-active with educational activities. This tool was completed by all the training units and trainees within a single region. Results: Results were obtained from all units within the region, with scores ranging from 130 to 168 (mean 149). Units scoring highly in trainee components also scored highly in the trainer component. Conclusion: This tool allows objective assessment of training posts using evidence from the training unit, trainee and TPD. Incorporating this data into the annual ARCP would potentially improve the process. There was widespread support for repeating the exercise and the tool provided a powerful means of engagement in improving training.
Particular Solution of Polyharmonic Spline Associated with Reissner Plate Problems
Authors: Tsai C. C. , Quadir M. E. , Hwung H. H. , Hsu T. W. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, analytical particular solutions of the augmented polyharmonic spline (APS) associated with Reissner plate model are explicitly derived in order to apply the dual reciprocity method. In the derivations of the particular solutions, a coupled system of three second-ordered partial differential equations (PDEs), which governs problems of Reissner plates, is initially transformed into a single six-ordered PDE by the Hörmander operator decomposition technique. Then the particular solutions of the coupled system can be found by using the particular solution of the six-ordered PDE derived in the first author's previous study. These formulas are further implemented for solving problems of Reissner plates under arbitrary loadings. In the solution procedure, an arbitrary loading measured at some scattered points is first interpolated by the APS and a corresponding particular solution can then be approximated by using the prescribed formulas. After that the complementary homogeneous problem is formally solved by the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). Numerical experiments are carried out to validate these particular solutions.
Endochronic Simulation on the Effect of Curvature Rate at the Preloading Stage on the Subsequent Creep or Relaxation of Thin-Walled Tubes Under Pure Bending
Authors: Chang K.-H. , Hung C.-Y. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the first-order ordinary differential constitutive equations of endochronic theory were combined with the principle of virtual work for simulating the response of creep (moment is kept constant for a period of time) or relaxation (curvature is kept constant for a period of time) of thin-walled tubes subjected to pure bending with different curvature-rates at the preloading stage. A group of Fourier series was used to describe the circumferential displacements of the tube. Thus, a system of nonlinear algebraic equations was determined. This system of equations can be solved by numerical method. Experimental data tested by Pan and Fan [1] were compared with the theoretical simulations in this study. It is shown that the theoretical formulations effectively simulate the experimental data.
Simulation of Crack Propagation in Three-Point Bending Piezoelectric Beam Based on Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Piezoelectric Damage Mechanics
Authors: Yang X. H. , Cao W. Z. , Tian X. B. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA finite element method combined with three-dimensional anisotropic piezoelectric continuum damage mechanics is presented to simulate quasi-static crack propagation behavior in piezoelectric ceramics in this paper. In this method, the three-dimensional anisotropic piezoelectric damage constitutive model is utilized for characterizing the effects of mechanical and electrical damages on the fields near the crack tip, the combined-damage from the dominant mechanical and electrical damage components is regarded as the fracture criterion, and the gradient of combined-damage is assumed to control crack growth direction. A set of numerical simulations of the midspan crack propagation in a three-point bending PZT-4 beam are performed in various loading conditions. After the numerical results are validated by comparison with the corresponding experimental ones, the effects of mechanical and electrical loads on the cracking be havior are respectively evaluated. It is found from the obtained results that mechanical and electrical loads influence on the damage fields in the vicinity of the crack-tip, as well as the crack growth rate, in a significant way. With the increment in mechanical loading, the crack growth rate obviously increases. This means that positive and negative electric fields enhance and inhibit crack propagation, respectively.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Quasi-Static Crushing Behaviour of the S-Shape Square Tubes
Authors: Khalkhali A. , Masoumi A. , Darvizeh A. , Jafari M. , Shiri A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTVehicle energy absorbing components usually have a curved shape to avoid interference with other components like engine, driving system and fuel tank, etc. Crush behaviour of the S-shape square tubes, as a simplified model of front member of a vehicle body, is investigated in the present study. Experimental and numerical investigation into the quasi static crushing of such tubes was performed. Experimental tests were carried out with cross head speed of 5mm/min. Finite element analysis was performed using ABAQUS/Explicit to simulate quasi-static tests conditions. The predicted crushing characteristics such as global deformation mode, plastic folding mode and load-displacement response obtained by numerical approach were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The validated numerical model was then used in the parametric study to examine the effect of design parameters such as wall thickness, web width, curve angle and radius of curvature on the energy absorption capability of the S-shape square tubes. It is shown that some interesting relationships can be discovered by the parametric study to be used as useful design approach for improving the performance of the S-shape tubes.
Experimental and Numerical Study on a Straight Exhaust Pipe
Authors: Liang S.-M. , Wang C.-J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, radiated noise is investigated by experimental and numerical methods for a straight exhaust pipe of diameter 23mm that replaces the original exhaust pipe of a motorcycle of EZ 125cc provided by Kwang Yang Motor Co. In experiment, temperature, pressure and flow speed of the exhausted gas have been measured for different engine speeds ranging from 3000-5000rpm without loading. Sound pressure levels (SPL) at a distance of 0.5m from the exhaust pipe exit for different inclination angles (0° ∼ 90°) were recorded and compared with the result of simulation. In numerical simulation, a high-resolution 5th-order Euler solver was used and conducted on a parallel computation system with a cluster of 4 personal computers with dual processors. It is found that the back-and-forth reflection of expansion waves inside the pipe due to the shock wave diffraction around the pipe exit is the mechanism of radiating sound waves from the exhaust pipe. The numerical result shows the exhausted-gas flow with complicated vortex rings and its associated acoustic field. The acoustic field indicates that there are three sound lobes with different directivities for the engine speed of 4000rpm.
Heat Transfer Analysis on Axisymmetric Mhd Flow of a Micropolar Fluid Between the Radially Stretching Sheets
Authors: Hayat T. , Nawaz M. , Hendi A. A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of heat transfer on the axisymmetric flow of MHD micropolar fluid between two radially stretching sheets is described. The governing partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations by using transformations. The resulting problems are solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). Dimensionless velocities and temperature are plotted for the variation of influential parameters. The local skin friction coefficient, local couple stress coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated with respect to the influence of several physical parameters.
Thermally Induced Vibration Analysis of Laminated Plate Considering Radiation by Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhao S. G. , Wang J. T. , Li K. , Wu D. F. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTTransient temperature field of laminated plate which considering radiation is analyzed by laying temperature lines in every layer in this paper. Finite element equations are established by using high-order displacement field which considering shear effect based on the temperature analysis. Then thermally induced vibration of laminated plate is investigated by solving the finite element equation with numerical method. Compared with numerical results of ANSYS by using 3-D coupled element (SOLID5), the methods presented in this paper have a satisfied precision and better efficiency. It can give reference to the thermally induced vibration analysis of thin-large flexible laminated appendages of spacecraft.
Distribution, abundance and assemblages of decapod crustaceans in waters off Guinea-Bissau (north-west Africa)
Authors: Muñoz Isabel , García-Isarch Eva , Sobrino Ignacio , Burgos Candelaria , Funny Rita , González-Porto Marcos 
Published: December 2011

This study constitutes a first contribution to the knowledge of the ecology of the decapod crustaceans in waters off Guinea-Bissau. Samples were collected during a survey undertaken between October and November 2008. A total of 122 species of decapod crustaceans were identified. Results showed an increase of decapod biomass and abundance with depth, reaching maxima values in the 200–500 m depth stratum but decreasing at depths over 500 m. Average diversity by strata increased with depth, with maximum over the deep slope. Seven main assemblages were identified: five primarily associated with depth—coastal shelf (<60 m), shelf (60–200 m), upper slope (200–300 m), middle slope (300–500 m), deep slope (500–1000 m)—and two other northern shelf assemblages affected by sediment type—coastal shelf-north (<50 m) and shelf-north (50–100 m). Species of each assemblage are typified. This study provides new information about composition, distribution, abundance and assemblage structure of decapod crustaceans in Guinea-Bissau that may be useful for future assessment of the effect of trawling pressure in the area.
Cataracts and Hernias: Aspects of Surgical Practice in the Fourteenth Century
Authors: McVaugh Michael 
Published: December 2011

Let me begin by paraphrasing a daughter's letter to her father, of June 1326:I haven't wanted to upset you, but I am suffering from an illness of the head that will totally deprive me of sight, though I may be able to tell light from dark. Can you please find someone there who can help me better than the doctors here? They are calling this illness “cataract”, and apparently it can be cured if mine is the right kind, though no one here says it is.The frightened daughter is the 25-year-old Princess Isabel, wife of Frederick of Austria, writing from Graz to her father James II of Aragon. Her anxious father wrote back immediately, asking her what her doctors said her symptoms were and what they thought had caused the illness, so that he could summon his own medical experts to see if they knew how she could be treated. Unfortunately, as it happened, James himself died the next year, before he could do anything further.
History Matters? History's Role in Health Policy Making
Authors: Berridge Virginia 
Published: December 2011

“History matters—pass it on” was the slogan of a campaign launched in England in the summer of 2006 to raise public awareness of the huge contribution that history, heritage and the built environment make to our qualify of life. A resumé commented,It unites the whole heritage sector, led by the National Trust, English Heritage, the Historic Houses Association and the Heritage Lottery Fund, and events will be held over the next six months at hundreds of historic locations across England and Wales. Supporters include David Starkey, Tristram Hunt, Simon Thurley, Stephen Fry, Bill Bryson, Shami Chakrabarti, Tony Benn and Boris Johnson.
Infinite-step nilsystems, independence and complexity
Authors: DONG PANDENG , DONOSO SEBASTIÁN , MAASS ALEJANDRO , SHAO SONG , YE XIANGDONG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn∞-step nilsystem is an inverse limit of minimal nilsystems. In this article, it is shown that a minimal distal system is an∞-step nilsystem if and only if it has no non-trivial pairs with arbitrarily long finite IP-independence sets. Moreover, it is proved that any minimal system without non-trivial pairs with arbitrarily long finite IP-independence sets is an almost one-to-one extension of its maximal∞-step nilfactor, and each invariant ergodic measure is isomorphic (in the measurable sense) to the Haar measure on some∞-step nilsystem. The question if such a system is uniquely ergodic remains open. In addition, the topological complexity of an∞-step nilsystem is computed, showing that it is polynomial for each non-trivial open cover.
The natural environment of the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Boyd John Morton 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisThe historical review of scientific work done in the Outer Hebrides precedes a scientific profile of the archipelago including geographical, geological, botanical, zoological and resource outlines. Effects of the use of natural resources by man on the natural environment are discussed. Management of land and water for the purposes of nature conservation are given by descriptions of the Loch Druidibeg and Monach Islands National Nature Reserves and other Sites of Special Scientific Interest. These exemplify existing case studies and procedures in nature conservation conducted by the Nature Conservancy Council and others. In conclusion, the Outer Hebrides are set in the context of the National Planning Guidelines of the Scottish Development Department which show resources of ‘national’ importance in agriculture and nature conservation.
A new concept of glaciation in Lewis and Harris, Outer Hebrides
Authors: von Weymarn J. A. 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisContrary to previous ideas, it is suggested that Harris and the major part of Lewis were covered by a large local ice cap during the last glacial phase. Local glaciers from central Lewis and the interior of North Lewis moving over the eastern fringe across the Eye peninsula and towards the north-west coast appear to have overridden and redistributed deposits from earlier glaciers of external origin. There is some evidence that the northern tip of Lewis and the Tolsta Head peninsula were also invaded by external ice during the final glacial phase. The application of a theoretical icesheet-surface profile substantiates the concept that Scottish mainland ice at its maximum advanced over northern parts of the island. According to the C-14 date of an organic layer beneath glacial till at Tolsta Head the last incidence of external and/or local ice in the island occurred after 27,300 years BP. Deglaciation phenomena at Uig, south-west Lewis, mark an earlier stage in the dissolution of the ice cap, while hummocky moraine in the mountain and submountain zone indicate the retention or renewed formation of valley glaciers during the late Devensian.
Seaweeds and rocky shores of the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Norton T. A. , Powell H. T. 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisThe Outer Hebrides are oceanic in character, bathed by comparatively warm waters derived from the North Atlantic Drift. The spring tide range is 3·5 m (west coast) and 4 m (east coast).The southern and western coasts include some of the most exposed shores in Britain and the steep rocky shores exhibit species and zonation patterns typical of north-west Britain. The sublittoral zone is mainly rocky and is dominated by beds of Laminaria hyperborea, which are very extensive west of the Uists.The eastern sides of the larger islands are much more sheltered and have numerous sea lochs many of which have great lengths of very sheltered rocky shore, dominated by extremely vigorous growths of fucoid algae, particularly Ascophyllum nodosum. Some of the lochs have extensive ramifications, with localized tidal tidal rapids supporting a rich and luxuriant flora and fauna.The paper reviews the literature on the ecology of the rocky shores, on the seaweeds in particular, and includes a full list of all seaweeds recorded in the islands with their distribution by island. (Two hundred and sixty-four species are recorded and this is about 38% of the British total.) Thus the seaweed flora is rich and diverse; the presence of selected species is discussed.The large brown seaweeds grow very luxuriantly in the Outer Hebrides and have been used by man there for many centuries. The history of this utilization is briefly reviewed. The fucoids and Laminaria spp. were formerly used extensively as a source of alkalis (sodium and potassium carbonates) and iodine. Nowadays very large tonnages of Ascophyllum are regularly harvested for the production of alginates; quantities of cast up Laminaria hyperborea are also used for this purpose.
An interpretation of machair vegetation
Authors: Dickinson G. , Randall R. E. 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisThe distinctive ecological elements of the machair environment, calcareous sand and an oceanic climate, which combine to give a lime-rich but unstable habitat, in which machair vegetation develops, are discussed initially. A number of different studies employing both phytosociological and ecological approaches, and drawing data from machairs in the Uists, Monach Islands and South Harris, are summarized. Based upon these, the main characteristics of machair vegetation and its key ecological relationships are described. Finally a model of machair vegetation is advanced in which two distinct types of vegetation, ‘dune’ and ‘pasture’ are recognized, and patterns of vegetation development are explained by means of ‘phases’ and ‘sequences’, terms applied to describe relative location of types of vegetation in both time and space.
The peatland vegetation of Lewis
Authors: Goode D. A. , Lindsay R. A. 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisThe vegetation of the peatland of Lewis is described. Several different types of mire are distinguished according to their morphological features. The gradual transition from minerotrophic conditions within valley mires to fully ombrotrophic conditions in the blanket mires of watersheds is demonstrated. Whilst most of the blanket mire of Lewis is affected by severe peat erosion, examples were chosen to demonstrate the nature of the flora and vegetation within those mire systems at present unaffected by erosion, as well as the more characteristic eroded peatland.