bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis interferes with type III IFN expression in bacteria-infected human monocyte-derived DCs
Authors: Pietilä Taija E , Latvala Sinikka , Österlund Pamela , Julkunen Ilkka 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Induction of type III IFNs in bacteria-infected human moDCs requires bacterial phagocytosis in conjunction with signaling.
Type I IFNs (IFN-α/βs) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ1–3) play an important role in host defense against viral infections. The induction of type I IFNs has recently been found to take place also in bacterial infections, and therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the regulation of type III IFNs in response to bacterial stimulation. We found by quantitative RT-PCR that the expression of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3 mRNAs, as well as that of IFN-β, was similarly up-regulated in response to stimulation with live Salmonella typhimurium or TLR4 agonist LPS in human moDCs. The induction of IFN-λ mRNAs did not require ongoing protein synthesis, and only IFN-λ1 was detected at the protein level. The induction of IFN-λ mRNAs was sensitive to SB202190, Ly294002, and PDTC, which inhibit p38 MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB activation, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that blocking dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathways with dynasore led to decreased cell surface expression of CD86 and HLA class II molecules and reduced production of IFN-λ1, CXCL10, and IL-6 when the cells were infected with S. typhimurium. Cytokine production was also impaired in dynasore-treated, Streptococcus thermophilus-stimulated cells. Further, inhibition of dynamin prevented S. typhimurium-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 and the internalization of the bacteria. In summary, induction of type III IFNs in bacteria-infected human moDCs requires multiple signaling pathways and involves bacterial phagocytosis.
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), IGF-Binding Proteins 2 and 3, and the Risk for Development of Malignancies in Adults with Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency Treated with GH: Data from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database)
Authors: Popovic Vera , Mattsson Anders F. , Gaillard Rolf C. , Wilton Patrick , Kołtowska-Häggström Maria , Ranke Michael B. 
Published: July 2010

Context: The association between IGFs and cancer in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) receiving GH replacement requires investigation.
Objective: The objective was to examine the association between IGF-I, IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), and IGFBP-3 sd scores (SDSs) in GH-deficient adults receiving GH therapy and the occurrence of de novo malignancies.
Design: Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 levels in GH-deficient patients who developed a malignancy since receiving GH were compared with patients with idiopathic GHD but without malignancy. Measurements were related to age-, sex-, and body mass index-specific SDS reference regions.
Setting: The setting included the KIMS (the Pfizer International Metabolic Database).
Patients: One hundred patients with de novo malignancy during GH therapy were compared with 325 patients with idiopathic GHD without malignancy.
Intervention(s): Serum samples were obtained as close as possible to the diagnosis of malignancy, or after approximately 2 yr of GH replacement in KIMS.
Main Outcome Measures: Associations between relative risk (RR) of malignancy and IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 SDSs were assessed in multiple log-linear Poisson working regression models, controlling for age, sex, onset of GHD, and GH naivety at KIMS entry.
Results: No association between IGF-I SDSs and RR was observed (P = 0.48). Increasing IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 SDSs were associated with increasing RRs [18% per unit IGFBP-2 SDSs (95% confidence interval, 7–30%; P = 0.0006), 13% per unit IGFBP-3 SDS (2–26%; P = 0.01)].
Conclusions: IGF-I levels targeted to within normal age-related reference ranges during GH replacement were not associated with the occurrence of malignancies. Higher IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3 SDSs may be associated with increased cancer risk.
Acromegaly without Imaging Evidence of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Lonser Russell R. , Kindzelski Bogdan A. , Mehta Gautam U. , Jane John A. , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: July 2010

Context: GH-secreting pituitary adenomas are nearly always visible on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, management and outcome of acromegalic patients lacking imaging evidence of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas are undefined.
Objective: The aim was to evaluate surgical exploration for MR-invisible GH-secreting pituitary adenomas.
Design and Setting: We conducted a retrospective review at two tertiary care centers.
Patients or Other Participants: Consecutive acromegalic patients without imaging evidence of a pituitary adenoma on pre- and postcontrast, spin echo T1-weighted MR imaging and who lacked evidence of an ectopic (nonpituitary) source causing GH excess were included.
Interventions: Surgical exploration with identification and resection of a pituitary adenoma was performed.
Main Outcome Measures: Laboratory values (GH, IGF-I), surgical findings, and clinical outcome were analyzed.
Results: Six patients (three males, three females; 3% of all patients) with suspected GH-secreting adenomas did not demonstrate imaging evidence of pituitary adenoma on conventional MR imaging. Three patients underwent a postcontrast, volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination MR-imaging sequence (1.2-mm slice thickness), which revealed a 4-mm pituitary adenoma not seen on the spin echo T1-weighted MR imaging in one patient. A pituitary adenoma was identified and removed in all patients (mean diameter, 5.6 mm; range, 5 to 6.7 mm). Histological analysis confirmed that the lesions were GH-secreting adenomas. All patients achieved biochemical remission after surgical resection.
Conclusion: Acromegaly can be caused by GH-secreting pituitary adenomas that are not evident on conventional MR imaging. Adenomas in some of these patients become evident using volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination MR imaging. Surgical exploration of the pituitary gland in acromegalic patients with endocrine findings consistent with a GH-secreting adenoma but negative MR imaging can lead to identification and removal of an adenoma.
Research Resource: The Androgen Receptor Modulates Expression of Genes with Critical Roles in Muscle Development and Function
Authors: Wyce Anastasia , Bai Yuchen , Nagpal Sunil , Thompson Catherine C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Androgen signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor within the steroid receptor superfamily, plays an important role in the development and maintenance of many tissues. In muscle, androgens act as anabolic agents that increase both muscle mass and strength; however, a key unanswered question is the mechanism through which AR-mediated gene expression leads to these effects. To gain further insight into the mechanism of AR action in muscle, we identified AR-binding sites in primary human muscle cells using ChIP-on-Chip (chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with tiling microarray detection of genomic fragments). Through this analysis, we identified 32,518 potential AR-binding sites throughout the genome that were enriched upon androgen treatment. Sequence analysis of these regions indicated that approximately 90% possess a consensus androgen response element or half-site. Among the identified AR-binding sites are genes known to be directly regulated by AR, confirming the validity of our methodology. Additionally, we identified a number of novel AR targets, including genes and micro-RNAs implicated in muscle differentiation and function, suggesting a direct role for AR-mediated transcription in muscle development. Intriguingly, binding sequences for the Mef2 family of transcription factors were enriched in the AR-bound regions, and we show that several Mef2c-dependent genes are direct targets of AR, suggesting a functional interaction between Mef2c and AR in skeletal muscle. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which androgens promote muscle growth and validate AR as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia, muscle wasting, and other androgen-related muscle disorders.
A Note on the Exact Expected Length of the kth Part of a Random Partition
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKessler and Livingstone proved an asymptotic formula for the expected length of the largest part of a partition drawn uniformly at random. As a first step they gave an exact formula expressed as a weighted sum of Euler's partition function. Here we give a short bijective proof of a generalization of this exact formula to the expected length of the
Assessment of the Modified CUAPS Apparatus to Estimate In Situ Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Yilmaz Erol , Belem Tikou , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Bussière Bruno 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper evaluates some improvements in the design of a laboratory apparatus called curing under applied pressure system (CUAPS) designed to estimate in situ properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). This apparatus is effective in conducting the following tests on samples during curing: (i) One-dimensional consolidation test with or without pore water pressure (PWP) measurement, (ii) PWP dissipation test, (iii) saturated hydraulic conductivity (permeability) test, and (iv) curing under constant or variable vertical pressure. Unconfined compression tests can be also performed on consolidated CPB samples after each of these tests. The modified CUAPS apparatus is assessed in this paper. Preliminary results are promising and validate the functionality of the CUAPS apparatus, which will contribute to the knowledge on consolidation behaviour of in situ CPB material.
X-Ray Fluorescence in Corrosive Drywall Investigations: Strontium Levels in Several Corrosive and Non-Corrosive Drywalls and Effects of Drywall Finish on XRF Strontium Detection
Authors: Hejzlar Zdenek 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A U.S. building boom in the 1990s and 2000s resulted in imports of drywall from foreign sources particularly from China. Some of the homeowners began experiencing problems with homes built during this time. A number of investigations found that the problems could be related to imported Chinese drywall. Limited testing indicated the problem drywall contained elevated levels of strontium (Sr) and suggested that portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was a useful screening tool to identify potentially corrosive drywall from non-corrosive drywall. Some investigators suggested that XRF could be used to detect corrosive drywall and differentiate between non-corrosive drywall in a residence by measuring strontium levels through the wall finish. The first part of this paper presents selected XRF data obtained from research of certified gypsum standards and various corrosive and non-corrosive drywalls. The second part of this paper presents XRF data obtained from field samples exhibiting different wall finishes. The results show that although strontium levels in corrosive drywalls are typically higher than some of the non-corrosive drywalls, there are number of non-corrosive domestic and imported drywalls that have strontium levels above the 1200 parts per million (ppm) level referenced in the Consumer Product Safety Commission report (Saltzman, L. E., U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Staff Summary of Contractor’s Indoor Air Quality Assessment of Homes Containing Chinese Drywall, CPSC Division of Health Sciences, 2009). The results also document some corrosive drywalls with strontium levels below 600 ppm. The results from the evaluation of the impact of the drywall finish indicate that it can reduce the detected strontium value by over 90 %. The combined results indicate that false positives and false negatives can be readily encountered, thus potentially reducing the reliability of these approaches. The results indicate that the investigators should use caution in interpreting the results from the XRF analysis and should seek corroborating data to verify the results.
Evaluation of charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the important therapeutic radionuclide186Re
Authors: Hussain M. , Sudár S. , Aslam M. N. , Malik A. A. , Ahmad R. , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract186Re is an important radionuclide having a half-life of 3.72 d that is suitable for radioimmunotherapy. Its production in no-carrier-added form is doneviacharged particle induced reactions and the data are available in EXFOR library. We evaluated two charged particle induced reactions, namely186W(p,n)186Re and186W(d,2n)186Re. In the first case, analysis was done up to about 70 MeV but in the latter only up to about 50 MeV. A statistical procedure supported by nuclear model calculations using the codes STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS was used to validate and fit the data. The recommended sets of data derived together with 95% confidence limits are reported. The application of those data, particularly in the calculation of integral yields is discussed. The186W(p,n)186Re reaction on highly enriched186W is presently the method of choice for production of no-carrier-added186Re and, taking into account the radionuclidic purity, the maximum recommended proton energy is 18 MeV. The formation of the very long-lived isomer,186mRe, is briefly discussed. The186W(d,2n)186Re reaction could also be interesting if a high-intensity accelerator would be available.
Exploitation of the sorptive properties of mica for the preparation of higher-resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples
Authors: Wilson Richard E. , Schwindt Oliver , Fenter Paul , Soderholm L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The ion adsorption properties of muscovite mica were exploited to prepare higher resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples of 242Pu. The samples prepared by our method are compared to those prepared using electrodeposition methods in terms of their energy resolution. The mica adsorption method results in significant increases in energy resolution vs. that of electrodeposition. Muscovite surface adsorption properties of the mica allow for monolayer adsorption of plutonium thus minimizing energy attenuation and maximizing energy resolution of the resulting spectra. The mica adsorption method allows for simplified preparation of higher-resolution alpha-spectroscopy samples useful for the isotopic analysis of alpha-emitting radionuclides.
Adsorption of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite: Effect of pH, ionic strength, concentration and modelling
Authors: Hu Jun , Chen C. L. , Sheng G. D. , Li Jiaxing , Chen Yixue , Wang Xiangke 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The surface charge characteristics of Na-rectorite (NaAl4[Si,Al]8O20(OH)4·n H2O) were studied by potentiometric acid-base titrations. Sr(II) and Eu(III) adsorptions on Na-rectorite as a function of pH, ionic strength, and Sr(II)/Eu(III) concentrations were carried out to investigate the surface interactions between Sr(II)/Eu(III) with Na-rectorite. The results indicated that the adsorptions of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite increased with increasing pH and decreased with increasing ionic strength and initial Sr(II)/Eu(III) concentrations, and that the affinity of Na-rectorite for Eu(III) was much higher than for Sr(II). The experimental data of Sr(II)/Eu(III) adsorption were simulated by the diffuse-layer model (DLM) well with the aid of FITEQL 3.2. Simultaneous adsorptions of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite were also modeled using the DLM. The adsorption mechanisms of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite may be dominated by ion exchange interaction at low pH or moderate pH, and by surface complexation interaction at high pH.
Control of Arabidopsis Leaf Morphogenesis Through Regulation of the YABBY and KNOX Families of Transcription Factors
Authors: Ha Chan Man , Jun Ji Hyung , Fletcher Jennifer C 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The patterning of initiating organs along specific axes of polarity is critical for the proper development of all higher organisms. Plant lateral organs, such as leaves, are derived from the shoot apical meristems located at the growing tips. After initiation, the leaf primordia of species such as Arabidopsis thaliana differentiate into a polarized structure consisting of a proximal petiole and a distal blade, but the molecular mechanisms that control proximal–distal pattern formation are poorly understood. The transcriptional activators BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 are known to control Arabidopsis lateral organ differentiation by regulating gene expression along the adaxial–abaxial (dorsal–ventral) and proximal–distal polarity axes. Here, we demonstrate that the development of ectopic blade tissue along bop1 bop2 leaf petioles is strongly suppressed in a dosage-dependant manner by mutations in either of two closely related YABBY (YAB) genes, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and YAB3. Three KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) genes also make lesser, and partially redundant, contributions to ectopic blade development in bop1 bop2 leaves. Mutation of these YAB and KNOX1 genes together causes nearly complete suppression of bop1 bop2 ectopic organ outgrowth at the morphological and cellular levels. Our data demonstrate that BOP1 and BOP2 regulate leaf patterning by controlling YAB and KNOX1 gene activity in the developing petiole.
HIV Patient Characteristics that Affect Adherence to Exercise Programmes: An Observational Study
Authors: Petróczi Andrea , Hawkins Kim , Jones Gareth , Naughton Declan P 
Published: July 2010

Background:
Benefits of exercise for HIV-infected persons have been documented, although in clinical practice, diminished adherence to exercise limits the effectiveness of this auxiliary treatment. Exercise intervention studies carry the caveat that the results are limited to volunteers with good compliance and completion profiles.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify characteristics contributing to adherence vs non-adherence to prescribed supervised 10-week 75-minute aerobic and progressive resistance exercise programme in a clinical setting that requires twice-weekly attendance at the physiotherapy gym.

Study Design:
This observational study was comprised of 11 males and 11 females, physician-assessed, HIV seropositive patients referred to exercise programmes in a tertiary multi-disciplinary outpatient service for HIV patients at an urban Teaching Hospital in London (UK). Measurements taken prior to the exercise programme were used as dependent variables and include CD4 count, fitness level, flexibility and perceived physical-, emotional-, functional- and psychological- well-being. Attendance records were categorised into a dichotomous independent variable of adherence based on a natural break that occurred at 8/20 attended sessions.

Results:
Prior-to-treatment differences in perceived physical, functional and psychological well-being exist between adherent and non-adherent patients, but no differences were found in age, CD4 count or fitness level. Perceived well-being explained 55.7% of the variances in attendance. Gender and reason for referral appear to be independent of adherence, whereas ethnicity may play an influential role.

Conclusion:
Perceived well-being appears to differentiate between adherent and non-adherent patients. Further studies are required to investigate other psychological characteristics and barriers to maintaining exercise.
Trade Liberalization, Standards and Protection
Authors: Essaji Azim 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As conventional trade barriers fall, nations may increasingly resort to product standards to protect domestic industries. While ostensibly protecting their citizens from the environmental and health side-effects of a particular product, countries could enact standards that are facially-neutral, but impose greater compliance costs on foreign producers. This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on standard setting by using a two-country Cournot duopoly model in which the Domestic government imposes a standard to mitigate a consumption externality. The standard increases production costs for both Domestic and Foreign firms, especially for the latter. The paper finds that one cannot make an unequivocal connection between falling tariffs and subsidies and rising standards. If the initial tariffs or subsidies are prohibitive, reducing subsidies and tariffs to allow minimal import penetration will generally create incentives for the Domestic government to impose higher standards. If the ex ante tariffs are not prohibitive, however, it is only optimal for the government to raise standards following tariff cuts if (i) tariff revenues are an important component of the welfare calculus and the ex ante tariff rate is high, or (ii) the standard's effect on the per unit externality is large. Likewise, if the initial subsidies are small enough to allow imports the government should only raise standards following subsidy reductions if the per unit externality is substantial, or the standard's impact on the per unit externality is large.
The Effects of Rent Seeking over Tradable Pollution Permits
Authors: Hanley Nick , MacKenzie Ian A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The establishment of a tradable permit market requires the regulator to select a level of aggregate emissions and then distribute the associated permits to specific groups. Both these decisions create opportunities for rent seeking. In this paper, we use a contest model to analyse the incentives to rent seek for pollution permits and to analyse the consequences for social welfare. We find differences in firms' rent-seeking choices compared to a conventional rent-seeking contest. We see that a fundamental aspect of firms' incentives to rent seek depends on the market value of the permits, that is, the value of the ex post reallocated rents. This impact depends on the responsiveness of the regulator to aggregate rent-seeking effort. The responsiveness, in some cases, may improve welfare by reducing the per-unit value of permits, which may lower the rent-seeking effort more than it increases the damages experienced from the additional emissions.
Bases for Media Education
Authors: Pal'a Gabriel 
Published: July 2010

Bases for Media Education
Media are phenomenon, which seriously affect the world of youth and have effect on forming of their personality. Thereat problems of education of critical recipient of medial products are very actual in these days. The Church presents, that human dignity is centre of every right communication. This dignity should be also the principle at adaptation of media education in any learning, or at implementation of separate object media education, whose basic motto is good as reflex of God love. It inspires and revives the hearts and minds of youth, whereas vulgarism and obscenity impact on young man destructively.