bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of severe retro‐peritoneal bleeding with recombinant factor VIIa in women with placenta percreta invading into the left broad ligament: Unusual repeated ante‐partum intra‐abdominal bleeding
Authors: Seoud Muhieddine , Cheaib Samer , Birjawi Ghina , Tawil Ayman , Jamali Faek 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe experienced unusual repeated ante‐partum intra‐abdominal bleedings in a woman with placenta percreta invading into the left broad ligament, in whom recombinant factor VIIa was effective for controlling severe retro‐peritoneal bleeding. A 34‐year‐old multiparaous woman with two prior cesarean sections presented acute abdominal pain at 16 weeks of gestation. She also represented with abdominal pain at 22 weeks of gestation, and a diagnostic laparoscopy revealed hemoperitoneum, although we could not identify the exact source of bleeding. She also represented with abdominal pain without vaginal bleeding at 27 weeks of gestation, and an MRI revealed a hematoma in the lower abdomino‐pelvic region and placenta percreta invading into the left broad ligament. A classical cesarean section followed by hysterectomy with partial cystectomy was performed at 32 weeks of gestation. Since the bleeding from the retro‐peritoneum could not be controlled by the use of fresh frozen plasma, recombinant factor VIIa was administered, resulting in successful hemostasis.
Cytogenetic aberrations and the development of uterine leiomyomata
Authors: El‐Gharib Mohamed N. , Elsobky Ezzat S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to define the cytogenetically critical regions of uterine leiomyomata, hoping to demonstrate the presence of possible genes involved in their evolution. It was carried out on 25 randomly selected uterine leiomyoma specimens obtained from 16 patients during hysterectomy or myomectomy operations. Successful tissue culture and karyotyping were performed in 19 specimens. There was no correlation between patient age, gravidity, or presenting symptom and the presence of chromosomal abnormality. A significant correlation was found between short culture turnaround time and the occurrence of chromosomal abnormality. Abnormal clonal karyotypes were present in 6 specimens, non‐clonal abnormalities in 4 specimens and normal karyotypes were found in 9 specimens. Myomas with cross section >4 cm showed an increased incidence of abnormal karyotypes and a statistically significant higher incidence of clonal abnormalities. On the other hand, submucous myomas presented fewer clonal abnormalities than did intramural or subserosal myomas. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities involved 5 different chromosomes (2, 7, 8, 12, 22), which indicate genetic heterogeneity of such benign tumors and the need of molecular cytogenetic studies or molecular studies to characterize possible candidate genes at specific chromosomal breakpoints.
Serotonin modulates glutamatergic transmission in the rat olfactory tubercle
Authors: Hadley J. K. , Halliwell J. V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe olfactory tubercle (OT) is found in the brains of mammals that are highly dependent on their sense of smell. Its human analogue is the poorly understood anterior perforated substance. Previous work on rat brain slices identified two types of field potential responses from the OT. The association fibre (AF) pathway was sensitive to muscarinic modulation, whereas the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) fibre pathway was not. Here, we establish that serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) also inhibits field potential excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the AF, but not in the LOT fibre, pathway. Parallel experiments with adenosine (ADO) excluded ADO mediation of the 5‐HT effect. Exogenous 5‐HT at 30 μmcaused a long‐lasting ∼40% reduction in the amplitude of AF postsynaptic responses, without affecting the time‐course of EPSP decline, indicating a fairly restricted disposition of the 5‐HT receptors responsible. The 5‐HT1‐preferring, 5‐HT5‐preferring and 5‐HT7‐preferring agonist 5‐carboxamidotryptamine caused similar inhibition at ∼100 nm. The 5‐HT1A‐preferring ligand 8‐hydroxy‐di‐n‐propylamino‐tetralin at 10 μm, and the 5‐HT uptake inhibitor citalopram at 3 μm, caused inhibition of AF‐stimulated field potential responses in the 5–10% range. Order‐of‐potency information suggested a receptor of the 5‐HT1Bor 5‐HT1Dsubtype. The 5‐HT1Dagonist L‐694,247 (1 μm) suppressed the AF response by ∼10% when used on its own. After washing out of L‐694,427, inhibition by 30 μm5‐HT was reduced to negligible levels. Allowing for a partial agonist action of L‐694,427 and complex interactions of 5‐HT receptors within the OT, these results support the presence of active 5‐HT1D‐type receptors in the principal cell layer of the OT.
Stress and coping in Australian nurses: a systematic review
Authors: Lim J. , Bogossian F. , Ahern K. 
Published: February 2010

LIM J., BOGOSSIAN F. & AHERN K. (2010) Stress and coping in Australian nurses: a systematic review. International Nursing Review57, 22–31Aim:  To identify factors that contribute to stress in Australian nurses, consider the coping strategies they use and examine the effects of stressors on nurses' health and well‐being.Background:  Stress is a major concern in the nursing profession with work overload, nurse shortages and high turnover rates as the common stressors. Although nursing stress has been studied extensively, there is a lack of clarity on the nursing situation in Australia.Methods:  A systematic review of the current literature was conducted on stress and coping strategies within the Australian nursing population.Results:  Stressors included work overload, role conflicts and experiences of aggression. Coping strategies included seeking support, problem solving and self‐control. The majority of the studies reported detrimental effects on nurses' physical and mental well‐being with little consideration given to the spillover effects of nursing work stress to their family and social relationships.Conclusion:  Recommendations included factoring in personal and work stresses, promoting the use of effective coping strategies and maintaining supportive social relationships.
Culture, context and community: ethical considerations for global nursing research
Authors: Harrowing J.N. , Mill J. , Spiers J. , Kulig J. , Kipp W. 
Published: February 2010

HARROWING J.N., MILL J., SPIERS J., KULIG J. & KIPP W. (2010) Culture, context and community: ethical considerations for global nursing research. International Nursing Review57, 70–77High‐quality research is essential for the generation of scientific nursing knowledge and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. However, the incorporation of Western bioethical principles in the study design may not be suitable, sufficient or relevant to participants in low‐income countries and may indeed be harmful and disrespectful. Before engaging in global health studies, nurses must consider carefully the cultural and social context and values of the proposed setting in order to situate the research within the appropriate ethical framework.The purpose of this paper was to examine the ethical principles and considerations that guide health research conducted in international settings using the example of a qualitative study of Ugandan nurses and nurse‐midwives by a Canadian researcher.The application of Western bioethical principles with their emphasis on autonomy fails to acknowledge the importance of relevant contextual aspects in the conduct of global research. Because ethics is concerned with how people interact and live together, it is essential that studies conducted across borders be respectful of, and congruent with, the values and needs of the community in which it occurs. The use of a communitarian ethical framework will allow nurse scientists to contribute to the elimination of inequities between those who enjoy prosperity and good health, and those who do not.
PARENTAL LOVE PILLS: SOME ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: LIAO S. MATTHEW 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIt may soon be possible to develop pills that allow parents to induce in themselves more loving behaviour, attitudes and emotions towards their children. In this paper, I consider whether pharmacologically induced parental love can satisfy reasonable conditions of authenticity; why anyone would be interested in taking such parental love pills at all, and whether inducing parental love pharmacologically promotes narcissism or results in self‐instrumentalization. I also examine how the availability of such pills may affect the duty to love a child.
Overcoming barriers for eLearning in universities—portfolio models for eCompetence development of faculty
Authors: Schneckenberg Dirk 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the role that eCompetence of faculty members play in the integration of eLearning in higher education. Learning technologies have the potential to enhance educational innovation, but the eLearning adoption rate of faculty in universities is so far disappointing. The motivation and capability of faculty to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching and learning is influenced by competence development measures and wider institutional incentives that universities offer. The paper presents the findings of an international survey on eCompetence measures for faculty in 23 universities. Results show that traditional ICT training courses do not sufficiently motivate faculty to acquire the required competences and to engage in eLearning. Universities have to create innovative portfolios for faculty development which extend both the scope and breadth of formal training with non‐formal measures like communities of practice, peer groups and networks. Beyond these competence development measures, institutional incentives like eLearning rewards and career opportunities for eLearning champions increase the motivation of faculty to sustainably use learning technologies for their courses.
Nevirapine/zidovudine/lamivudine has superior immunological and virological responses not reflected in clinical outcomes in a 48‐week randomized comparison with abacavir/zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV‐infected Ugandan adults with low CD4 cell counts
Authors: Munderi P , Walker AS , Kityo C , Babiker AG , Ssali F , Reid A , Darbyshire JH , Grosskurth H , Mugyenyi P , Gibb DM , Gilks CF ,   on behalf of the DART/NORA trial teams
Published: February 2010

Background
Triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens have advantages as first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART), avoiding hepatotoxicity and interactions with anti‐tuberculosis therapy, and sparing two drug classes for second‐line ART. Concerns exist about virological potency; efficacy has not been assessed in Africa.Methods
A safety trial comparing nevirapine with abacavir was conducted in two Ugandan Development of Antiretroviral Therapy in Africa (DART) centres: 600 symptomatic antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected adults with CD4 counts <200 cells/μL were randomized to zidovudine/lamivudine plus abacavir or nevirapine (placebo‐controlled to 24‐week primary toxicity endpoint, and then open‐label). Documented World Health Organization (WHO) stage 4 events were independently reviewed and plasma HIV‐1 RNA assayed retrospectively. Exploratory efficacy analyses are intention‐to‐treat.Results
The median pre‐ART CD4 count was 99 cells/μL, and the median pre‐ART viral load was 284 600 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. A total of 563 participants (94%) completed 48 weeks of follow‐up, 25 (4%) died and 12 (2%) were lost to follow‐up. The randomized drug was substituted in 21 participants (7%) receiving abacavir vs. 34 (11%) receiving nevirapine (P=0.09). At 48 weeks, 62% of participants receiving abacavir vs. 77% of those receiving nevirapine had viral loads <50 copies/mL (P<0.001), and mean CD4 count increases from baseline were +147 vs. +173 cells/μL, respectively (P=0.006). Nine participants (3%) receiving abacavir vs. 16 (5%) receiving nevirapine died [hazard ratio (HR) 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24–1.25; P=0.15]; 20 receiving abacavir vs. 32 receiving nevirapine developed new or recurrent WHO 4 events or died (HR=0.60; 95% CI 0.34–1.05; P=0.07) and 48 receiving abacavir vs. 68 receiving nevirapine developed new or recurrent WHO 3 or 4 events or died (HR=0.67; 95% CI 0.46–0.96; P=0.03). Seventy‐one participants (24%) receiving abacavir experienced 91 grade 4 adverse events compared with 130 events in 109 participants (36%) on nevirapine (P<0.001).Conclusions
The clear virological/immunological superiority of nevirapine over abacavir was not reflected in clinical outcomes over 48 weeks. The inability of CD4 cell count/viral load to predict initial clinical treatment efficacy is unexplained and requires further evaluation.
Vaginal birth after caesarean for women with three or more prior caesareans: assessing safety and success
Authors: Cahill AG , Tuuli M , Odibo AO , Stamilio DM , Macones GA 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Cahill A, Tuuli M, Odibo A, Stamilio D, Macones G. Vaginal birth after caesarean for women with three or more prior caesareans: assessing safety and success. BJOG 2010;117:422–427.Objective  To estimate the rate of success and risk of maternal morbidities in women with three or more prior caesareans who attempt vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC).Design  Retrospective cohort design.Setting  Multicentre, from 1996 to 2000, including 17 tertiary and community delivery centres in north‐eastern USA.Population  A total of 25 005 women who had had at least one prior caesarean delivery.Methods  Women who attempted VBAC with three or more prior caesareans were compared with those who attempted after one and two prior caesareans. Univariable and stratified analyses were used to select factors for multivariable analyses for maternal morbidity. Maternal characteristics were compared using a Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.Main outcome measures  The primary outcome was composite maternal morbidity, defined as at least one of the following: uterine rupture, bladder or bowel injury, or uterine artery laceration. Secondary outcomes were VBAC success, blood transfusion and fever.Results  Of 25 005 women, 860 had three or more prior caesarean deliveries: 89 attempted VBAC and 771 elected for repeat caesarean. Of the 89 who attempted VBAC, there were no cases of composite maternal morbidity. They were also as likely to have a successful VBAC as women with one prior caesarean (79.8% versus 75.5%, adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.81–2.41, P = 0.22).Conclusion  Women with three or more prior caesareans who attempt VBAC have similar rates of success and risk for maternal morbidity as those with one prior caesarean, and as those delivered by elective repeat caesarean.
Genistein reduces glycosaminoglycan levels in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Friso A , Tomanin R , Salvalaio M , Scarpa M 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage disorders resulting from a deficit of specific lysosomal enzymes catalysing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation. The typical pathology involves most of the organ systems, including the brain, in its severe forms. The soy isoflavone genistein has recently attracted considerable attention as it can reduce GAG synthesis in vitro. Furthermore, genistein is able to cross the blood–brain barrier in the rat. The present study was undertaken to assess the ability of genistein to reduce urinary and tissue GAG levels in vivo.Experimental approach:  We used mice with genetic deletion of iduronate‐2‐sulphatase (one of the GAG catabolizing enzymes) which provide a model of MPS type II. Two doses of genistein, 5 or 25 mg·kg−1·day−1, were given, in the diet for 10 or 20 weeks. Urinary and tissue GAG content was evaluated by biochemical and histochemical procedures.Key results:  Urinary GAG levels were reduced after 10 weeks' treatment with genistein at either 5 or 25 mg·kg−1·day−1. In tissue samples from liver, spleen, kidney and heart, a reduction in GAG content was observed with both dosages, after 10 weeks' treatment. Decreased GAG deposits in brain were observed after genistein treatment in some animals.Conclusions and implications:  There was decreased GAG storage in the MPSII mouse model following genistein administration. Our results would support the use of this plant‐derived isoflavone in a combined therapeutic protocol for treatment of MPS.
Mechanisms of multimodal sensing by extracellular Ca2+‐sensing receptors: a domain‐based survey of requirements for binding and signalling
Authors: Khan Mahvash A , Conigrave Arthur D 
Published: February 2010

In this article we consider the molecular basis of sensing and signalling by the extracellular calcium‐sensing receptor. We consider the nature of its ligands and sensing modalities, the identities of its major protein domains and their roles in sensing, signalling and trafficking as well as the significance of receptor homo‐ and hetero‐dimerization. Finally, we consider the current, incomplete, state of knowledge regarding the requirements for ligand‐specific signalling.This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCR. To view the editorial for this themed section visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00695.x
The COX‐2 inhibitors, meloxicam and nimesulide, suppress neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Goncalves Maria Beatriz , Williams Emma‐Jane , Yip Ping , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J , Williams Gareth , Doherty Patrick 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  In adults, neurogenesis persists in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), and this is important for learning and memory. Inhibitors of COX‐2 suppress ischaemia‐induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Here, we have determined the effects of COX‐2 inhibitors on neurogenesis throughout the normal adult mouse brain.Experimental approach:  Young adult mice were treated with COX‐2 inhibitors, and the proliferation of neural progenitor cells was measured in the SVZ and hippocampus. In addition, the local uptake of lentiviral vectors in the rostral migratory stream enabled the formation of new neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) to be assessed.Key results:  The COX‐2 inhibitor meloxicam suppressed progenitor cell proliferation in the SVZ and hippocampus. A significant decrease in the appearance of new neurons in the OB was also observed. Similar effects on progenitor proliferation in the SVZ were seen with nimesulide. The absence of COX‐2 expression in the proliferating progenitors in vivo, and the lack of effect of the COX‐2 inhibitors on the growth rate of a cultured progenitor cell line, suggest that the effect is indirect. The specific expression of COX‐2 in resting microglia that closely associate with the proliferating progenitor cells provides for a possible site of action.Conclusions and implications:  Treatment with a COX‐2 inhibitor results in a substantial inhibition of adult neurogenesis. Studies on human tissues are warranted in order to determine if this effect extends to humans, and whether inhibition of neurogenesis should be considered as an adverse effect of these drugs.
GPR55 ligands promote receptor coupling to multiple signalling pathways
Authors: Henstridge Christopher M , Balenga Nariman AB , Schröder Ralf , Kargl Julia K , Platzer Wolfgang , Martini Lene , Arthur Simon , Penman June , Whistler Jennifer L , Kostenis Evi , Waldhoer Maria , Irving Andrew J 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  Although GPR55 is potently activated by the endogenous lysophospholipid, L‐α‐lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), it is also thought to be sensitive to a number of cannabinoid ligands, including the prototypic CB1 receptor antagonists AM251 and SR141716A (Rimonabant®). In this study we have used a range of functional assays to compare the pharmacological activity of selected cannabinoid ligands, AM251, AM281 and SR141716A with LPI in a HEK293 cell line engineered to stably express recombinant, human GPR55.Experimental approach:  We evaluated Ca2+ signalling, stimulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) mitogen activated kinase MAP‐kinases, induction of transcriptional regulators that are downstream of GPR55, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), as well as receptor endocytosis. In addition, we assessed the suitability of a novel, label‐free assay for GPR55 ligands that involves optical measurement of dynamic mass redistribution following receptor activation.Key results:  GPR55 linked to a range of downstream signalling events and that the activity of GPR55 ligands was influenced by the functional assay employed, with differences in potency and efficacy observed.Conclusions and implications:  Our data help to resolve some of the issues surrounding the pharmacology of cannabinoid ligands at GPR55 and highlight some differences in effector coupling associated with distinct GPR55 ligands.
Three metamorphic events recorded in a single garnet: Integrated phase modelling, in situ LA‐ICPMS and SIMS geochronology from the Moine Supergroup, NW Scotland
Authors: CUTTS K. A. , KINNY P. D. , STRACHAN R. A. , HAND M. , KELSEY D. E. , EMERY M. , FRIEND C. R. L. , LESLIE A. G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract In situ LA‐ICP‐MS monazite geochronology from a garnet‐bearing diatexite within the Moine Supergroup (Glenfinnan Group) NW Scotland records three temporally distinct metamorphic events within a single garnet porphyroblast. The initial growth of garnet occurred in the interval c. 825–780 Ma, as recorded by monazite inclusions located in the garnet core. Modelled P–T conditions based on the preserved garnet core composition indicate an initially comparatively high geothermal gradient regime and peak conditions of ∼650 °C and 7 kbar. Monazite within a compositionally distinct second shell of garnet has an age of 724 ± 6 Ma. This is indistinguishable from a SIMS age of 725 ± 4 Ma obtained from metamorphic zircon in the sample, which is interpreted to record the timing of migmatization. This second stage of garnet growth occurred on a P–T path from ∼6 kbar and 650 °C rising to ∼9 kbar and 700 °C, with the peak conditions associated with partial melting. A third garnet zone which forms the rim contains monazite with an age of 464 ± 3 Ma. Monazite in the surrounding matrix has an age of 462 ± 2 Ma. This corresponds well with a U–Pb SIMS zircon age of 463 ± 4 Ma obtained from a deformed pegmatite that was emplaced during widespread folding and reworking of the migmatite fabric. The P–T conditions associated with the final phase of garnet growth were ∼7 kbar and 650 °C. The monazite ages coupled with the phase relations modelled from this multistage garnet indicate that it records two Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events as well as the widespread Ordovician Grampian event associated with Caledonian orogenesis. Thus, this single garnet records much of the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician thermal history in NW Scotland, and highlights the long history of porphyroblast growth that can be revealed by in situ isotopic dating and associated P–T modelling. This approach has the potential to reveal much of the thermal architecture of Neoproterozoic events within the Moine Supergroup, despite intense Caledonian reworking, if suitable textural and mineralogical relationships can be indentified elsewhere.