bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kiwi‐Inspired Rational Nanoarchitecture with Intensified and Discrete Magneto‐Fluorescent Functionalities for Ultrasensitive Point‐of‐Care Immunoassay
Authors: Li Daquan , Ao Lijiao , Hu Rong , Zhang Xueqiang , Huang Liang , Jiang Chenxing , Gao Guosheng , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Jun , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluorescent lateral flow immunoassays (FLFIA) is a well‐established rapid detection technique for quantitative analysis. However, achieving accurate analysis of biomarkers at the pg mL−1 level using FLFIA still poses challenges. Herein, an ultrasensitive FLFIA platform is reported utilizing a kiwi‐type magneto‐fluorescent silica nanohybrid (designated as MFS) that serves as both a target‐enrichment substrate and an optical signal enhancement label. The spatially‐layered architecture comprises a Fe3O4 core, an endocarp‐fibers like dendritic mesoporous silica, seed‐like quantum dots, and a kiwi‐flesh like silica matrix. The MFS demonstrates heightened fluorescence brightness, swift magnetic response, excellent size uniformity, and dispersibility in water. Through liquid‐phase capturing and fluorescence‐enhanced signal amplification, as well as magnetic‐enrichment sample amplification and magnetic‐separation noise reduction, the MFS‐based FLFIA is successfully applied to the detection of cardiac troponin I that achieved a limit of detection at 8.4 pg mL−1, tens of times lower than those of previously published fluorescent and colorimetric lateral flow immunoassays. This work offers insights into the strategic design of magneto‐fluorescent synergetic signal amplification on LFIA platform and underscores their prospects in high‐sensitive rapid and on‐site diagnosis of biomarkers.
Zwitterion Intercalated Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Aina , Yin Xiuxiu , Saadoune Ismael , Wei Yingjin , Wang Yizhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel approach is introduced to address the challenges associated with structural instability and sluggish reaction kinetics of δ‐MnO2 in aqueous zinc ion batteries. By leveraging zwitterionic betaine (Bet) for intercalation, a departure from traditional cation intercalation methods, Bet‐intercalated MnO2 (MnO2‐Bet) is synthesized. The positively charged quaternary ammonium groups in Bet form strong electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged oxygen atoms in the δ‐MnO2 layers, enhancing structural stability and preventing layer collapse. Concurrently, the negatively charged carboxylate groups in Bet facilitate the rapid diffusion of H+/Zn2+ ions through their interactions, thus improving reaction kinetics. The resulting MnO2‐Bet cathode demonstrates high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, fast reaction kinetics, and extended cycle life. This dual‐function intercalation strategy significantly optimizes the electrochemical performance of δ‐MnO2, establishing it as a promising cathode material for advanced aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Broadband Sound Absorption and High Damage Resistance in a Turtle Shell‐Inspired Multifunctional Lattice: Neural Network‐Driven Design and Optimization
Authors: Feng Jianbin , Qiao Jing , Xu Qishan , Wu Yingdan , Zhang Guangyu , Li Longqiu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIncorporating acoustic and mechanical properties into a single multifunctional structure has attracted considerable attention in engineering. However, effectively integrating these sound absorption properties and damage resistance to achieve multifunctional structural designs remains a great challenge due to imperfect design methods. In this study, the inherent mechanical properties of turtle shells by introducing dissipative pores are leveraged to present a lattice structure that possesses both excellent sound‐absorbing and high damage‐resistant characteristics. To achieve acoustic optimization design, a universal high‐fidelity neural network correction model is proposed to address the impedance calculation challenge in complex structures. Building upon this foundation, a multi‐cell combination design enables to achieve high absorption through optimization with a low thickness of 50 mm, resulting in average sound absorption coefficients reaching 0.88 and 0.93 within the frequency ranges of 300–600 Hz and 500–1000 Hz, respectively. It is also found that the optimized structures exhibit exceptional damage resistance under varying relative densities via the coupling effect of the shell thickness on the acoustic and mechanical properties. Overall, this work introduces a novel paradigm for designing intricate multifunctional structures with acoustic and mechanical properties while providing valuable inspiration for future research on multifunctional structure design.
Electrolyte‐Enabled High‐Voltage Operation of a Low‐Nickel, Low‐Cobalt Layered Oxide Cathode for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yi Michael , Sim Richard , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe lithium‐ion battery industry acknowledges the need to reduce expensive metals, such as cobalt and nickel, due to supply chain challenges. However, doing so can drastically reduce the overall battery energy density, attenuating the driving range for electric vehicles. Cycling to higher voltages can increase the capacity and energy density but will consequently exacerbate cell degradation due to the instability at high voltages. Herein, an advanced localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) is utilized to enable long‐term cycling of a low‐Ni, low‐Co layered oxide cathode LiNi0.60Mn0.31Co0.07Al0.02O2 (NMCA) in full cells with graphite or graphite‐silicon anodes at 4.5 V (≈4.6 vs Li+/Li). NMCA cells with the LHCE deliver a high initial capacity of 194 mA h g−1 at C/10 rate along with 73% capacity retention after 400 cycles compared to 49% retention in a baseline carbonate electrolyte. This is facilitated by reduced impedance growth, active material loss, and gas evolution with the NMCA cathode. These improvements are attributed to the formation of robust, inorganic‐rich interphase layers on both the cathode and anode throughout cycling, which are induced by a favorable salt decomposition in the LHCE. This study demonstrates the efficacy of electrolytes toward facilitating the operation of high‐energy‐density, long‐life, and cost‐effective cathodes.
Compartmentalized CRISPR Reactions (CCR) for High‐Throughput Screening of Guide RNA Potency and Specificity
Authors: Supakar Tinku , Herring‐Nicholas Ashley , Josephs Eric A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) use a variable segment in their guide RNA (gRNA) called a spacer to determine the DNA sequence at which the effector protein will exhibit nuclease activity and generate target‐specific genetic mutations. However, nuclease activity with different gRNAs can vary considerably in a spacer sequence‐dependent manner that can be difficult to predict. While computational tools are helpful in predicting a CRISPR effector's activity and/or potential for off‐target mutagenesis with different gRNAs, individual gRNAs must still be validated in vitro prior to their use. Here, the study presents compartmentalized CRISPR reactions (CCR) for screening large numbers of spacer/target/off‐target combinations simultaneously in vitro for both CRISPR effector activity and specificity by confining the complete CRISPR reaction of gRNA transcription, RNP formation, and CRISPR target cleavage within individual water‐in‐oil microemulsions. With CCR, large numbers of the candidate gRNAs (output by computational design tools) can be immediately validated in parallel, and the study shows that CCR can be used to screen hundreds of thousands of extended gRNA (x‐gRNAs) variants that can completely block cleavage at off‐target sequences while maintaining high levels of on‐target activity. It is expected that CCR can help to streamline the gRNA generation and validation processes for applications in biological and biomedical research.
Active Assembly of CsPbBr3 Nanorods into Microcolumns by Electric Field in Nonpolar Solvent
Authors: Pan Shuhan , Yang Lijie , Zhou Yao , Cao Huimin , Hu Wei , Zhang Weihua , Lu Zhenda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐precision, controllable, mass‐producible assembly of nanoparticles into complex structures or devices holds immense importance in the application across various fields but it remains challenging. Here a highly controllable and reversible active assembly of colloidal CsPbBr3 nanorods, driven by an external electric field is achieved. This approach enables the nanorods dynamically orient themselves, assemble into chains, aggregate into columns, and eventually form an ordered column array, with the electric field intensity varying from 0 to 50 V µm−1 at 100 kHz. The nanorods inside the columns align parallel to the electric field, leading to a well‐ordered structure. With the analysis of the interactions among the nanorods, a quantitative interpretation of the assembly is proposed. Monte Carlo calculation is also introduced to simulate the assembly process and the results prove to be in great agreement with the experimental observations. This electric field‐driven assembly presents an exciting opportunity to pave the way for next‐generation sensors and photonic devices based on well‐developed colloidal nanoparticles.
Cisplatin‐coordinated copolythiophene for synergistic chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy of tumor
Authors: Tang Yuanyu , Pang E. , Zhu Pan , Tan Qiuxia , Zhao Shaojing , Wang Benhua , Yao Chaoyi , Song Xiangzhi , Lan Minhuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel cancer treatment type showing the advantages of high tissue penetration ability, non‐invasion, low systemic toxicity, and high selectivity. However, SDT depends on ultrasound (US) irradiation; once US is turned off, the sonosensitizer will stop producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, most sonosensitizers generate oxygen‐dependent ROS, that is, singlet oxygen (1O2), significantly limiting the therapeutic effect of SDT in treating deep and hypoxic tumor. Therefore, combining SDT with other treatment modalities is essential. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of cisplatin‐coordinated copolythiophenes (CPT‐Pts), simultaneously generating 1O2, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals for synergistic chemotherapy and SDT of tumor. The sonodynamic toxicity and cytotoxicity of CPT‐Pts were accurately regulated by tuning the monomer ratio of the polythiophene. This copolymerization strategy avoids the side effects originating from the high‐dose chemotherapy drug while making up for limiting SDT relying on ultrasonic activation, effectively inhibiting cancer cells and tumors.
Pseudo‐Wet Plasma Mechanism Enabling High‐Throughput Dry Etching of SiO2 by Cryogenic‐Assisted Surface Reactions
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Nan , Sekine Makoto , Britun Nikolay , Mo Michael K. T. , Imai Yusuke , Tsutsumi Takayoshi , Ishikawa Kenji , Iijima Yuki , Suda Ryutaro , Yokoi Masahiko , Kihara Yoshihide , Hori Masaru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractManufacturing semiconductor devices requires advanced patterning technologies, including reactive ion etching (RIE) based on the synergistic interactions between ions and etch gas. However, these interactions weaken as devices continuously scale down to sub‐nanoscale, primarily attributed to the diminished transport of radicals and ions into the small features. This leads to a significant decrease in etch rate (ER). Here, a novel synergistic interaction involving ions, surface‐adsorbed chemistries, and materials at cryogenic temperatures is found to exhibit a significant increase in the ER of SiO2 using CF4/H2 plasmas. The ER increases twofold when plasma with H2/(CF4 + H2) = 33% is used and the substrate temperature is lowered from 20 to −60 °C. The adsorption of HF and H2O on the SiO2 surface at cryogenic temperatures is confirmed using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synergistic interactions of the surface‐adsorbed HF/H2O as etching catalysts and plasma species result in the ER enhancement. Therefore, a mechanism called “pseudo‐wet plasma etching” is proposed to explain the cryogenic etching process. This synergy demonstrates that the enhanced etch process is determined by the surface interactions between ions, surface‐adsorbed chemistry, and the material being etched, rather than interactions between ion and gas phase, as observed in the conventional RIE.
Problematizing empowerment in global health: Disrupting universalisms and challenging power inequities
Authors: Tucker Heather M. , Odhiambo Rebecca , Jadwin‐Cakmak Laura , Mbanda Anita , Harper Gary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis commentary is a call for problematizing the concept of “empowerment” as it is often used in global health. The authors urge that scholars and policymakers use the concept as it is defined in specific contexts, particularly within communities in low to middle‐income countries. The authors also interrogate universalized assumptions about the use of “empowerment” as a political concept, as well as the use of social categories such as “women”. Finally, the authors challenge and complicate the notion that empowerment is a concept which can be delivered from donors in high‐income countries to so‐called disempowered recipients in low‐income contexts.
A Priori Estimates for the Motion of Charged Liquid Drop: A Dynamic Approach via Free Boundary Euler Equations
Authors: Julin Vesa , La Manna Domenico Angelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the motion of charged liquid drop in three dimensions where the equations of motions are given by the Euler equations with free boundary with an electric field. This is a well-known problem in physics going back to the famous work by Rayleigh. Due to experiments and numerical simulations one may expect the charged drop to form conical singularities called Taylor cones, which we interpret as singularities of the flow. In this paper, we study the well-posedness of the problem and regularity of the solution. Our main theorem is a criterion which roughly states that if the flow remains $$C^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

-regular in shape and the velocity remains Lipschitz-continuous, then the flow remains smooth, i.e., $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

in time and space, assuming that the initial data is smooth. Our main focus is on the regularity of the shape of the drop. Indeed, due to the appearance of Taylor cones, which are singularities with Lipschitz-regularity, we expect the $$C^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

-regularity assumption to be optimal. We also quantify the $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

-regularity via high order energy estimates which, in particular, implies the well-posedness of the problem.
New insights on the formation of the polymetamorphic Felbertal tungsten deposit (Austria, Eastern Alps) revealed by CL, EPMA, and LA-ICP-MS investigation
Authors: Haupt Cordula P. , Krause Joachim , Schulz Bernhard , Götze Jens , Chischi Johannes , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan , Schmidt Steffen , Aupers Karsten , Reinhardt Nils 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Felbertal tungsten deposit is the only economic scheelite mine in Europe, yet its genesis is not fully understood. It has been argued recently that the formation of the deposit is most likely related to granitic intrusions of Variscan age, contrasting a previously suggested syn-depositional stratabound origin of Early Cambrian age. Solving this controversy remains challenging due to the polymetamorphic evolution of the deposit, which experienced both Variscan and Alpine metamorphism. In this contribution we present a comprehensive new data set of scheelite major, minor, and trace element concentrations from multiple scheelite generations of the Felbertal deposit along with microstructural observations. Our results show that Mo, Mo/Mn, REE, Y/Ho, Nb, and Nb/Ta in scheelite are variable within the different scheelite generations and are predominantly controlled by the host-rock lithologies on the local scale, whereas in general the data show a strong response to the shift of P, T, and pH upon changing magmatic-hydrothermal to metamorphic conditions. For the first time, we identify remnants of primary scheelite in the Western Ore Zone. The presented data support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the first scheelite mineralization during the Variscan orogeny with primary scheelite being characterized by wing-shaped REE patterns with a negative Eu-anomaly, high trace element concentrations, non-chondritic Y/Ho, and high Nb/Ta. Primary scheelite underwent metamorphic/hydrothermal alteration (recrystallization and dissolution-reprecipitation processes) during the Variscan and Alpine orogeny. This case study highlights that indicative mineralization-controlling geochemical ratios like Sr/Mn cannot be applied for polymetamorphic tungsten deposits like Felbertal.
Using zircon and apatite chemistry to fingerprint porphyry Cu – Mo ± Au mineralization in the Delamerian Orogen, South Australia
Authors: Hong Wei , Fabris Adrian , Gilbert Sarah , Wade Benjamin P. , Collins Alan S. , Wise Tom , Reid Anthony J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the fertility of porphyry mineralization in the Delamerian Orogen (South Australia), zircon and apatite from four prospects, including Anabama Hill, Netley Hill, Bendigo, and Colebatch, have been analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and electron microprobe. The zircon is characterized by heavy REEs enrichment relative to light REEs, high (Ce/Nd)N (1.3–45), and weak to moderate negative Eu/Eu* (0.2–0.78). The apatite has right-sloped REE patterns with variably negative to positive Eu anomalies. Low Mg (< 670 ppm) and Sr/Y ratios (< 5) in apatite likely illustrate fractional crystallization trends for the granitic melts in shallow crust. The Yb/Gb and Eu/Eu* in zircon reveal that intrusions at Anabama Hill, Netley Hill, and Bendigo underwent fractional crystallization controlled by amphibole (< 50–60%), garnet (< 15%), apatite (< 0.6%), and/or titanite (< 0.3%). These stocks have average fO2 values reported relative to fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer (ΔFMQ), from 0.7 ± 0.9 to 2.1 ± 0.4, ascribed to prolonged magmatic evolution or sulfur degassing during post-subduction processes. Our data imply that both Anabama and Bendigo complexes experienced prevalent (garnet-) amphibole crystallization from hydrous melts that have moderately high oxidation (ΔFMQ + 1 to + 3) and elevated sulfur-chlorine components (Anabama, 37 ± 9 to 134 ± 83 ppm S and 0.30 ± 0.24 to 0.64 ± 0.89 wt% Cl; Bendigo, 281 ± 178 to 909 ± 474 ppm S and 0.45 ± 0.47 to 3.01 ± 1.54 wt% Cl). These are crucial ingredients to form porphyry Cu–Mo ± Au ores with economic significance, which provides encouragement for mineral exploration in this orogen.
Multimodal fine-grained grocery product recognition using image and OCR text
Authors: Pettersson Tobias , Riveiro Maria , Löfström Tuwe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutomatic recognition of grocery products can be used to improve customer flow at checkouts and reduce labor costs and store losses. Product recognition is, however, a challenging task for machine learning-based solutions due to the large number of products and their variations in appearance. In this work, we tackle the challenge of fine-grained product recognition by first extracting a large dataset from a grocery store containing products that are only differentiable by subtle details. Then, we propose a multimodal product recognition approach that uses product images with extracted OCR text from packages to improve fine-grained recognition of grocery products. We evaluate several image and text models separately and then combine them using different multimodal models of varying complexities. The results show that image and textual information complement each other in multimodal models and enable a classifier with greater recognition performance than unimodal models, especially when the number of training samples is limited. Therefore, this approach is suitable for many different scenarios in which product recognition is used to further improve recognition performance. The dataset can be found at https://github.com/Tubbias/finegrainocr.
Nitrogen stable isotope analysis of sulfonamides by derivatization-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Dou Qingyuan , Canavan Aoife , Fu Yuhao , Xiang Leilei , Wang Yu , Wang Xi , Jiang Xin , Dirr Christopher , Wang Fang , Elsner Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe continuous introduction of micropollutants into the environment through livestock farming, agricultural practices, and wastewater treatment is a major concern. Among these pollutants are synthetic sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole, which are not always fully degraded and pose a risk of fostering antimicrobial resistance. It is challenging to assess the degradation of sulfonamides with conventional concentration measurements. This study introduces compound-specific isotope analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios at natural abundances by derivatization-gas chromatography hyphenated with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (derivatization-GC-IRMS) as a new and more precise method for tracing the origin and degradation of sulfonamides. Here, sulfamethoxazole was used as a model compound to develop and optimize the derivatization conditions using (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane as a derivatization reagent. With the optimized conditions, accurate and reproducible δ15N analysis of sulfamethoxazole by derivatization-GC-IRMS was achieved in two different laboratories with a limit for precise isotope analysis of 3 nmol N on column, corresponding to 0.253 µg non-derivatized SMX. Application of the method to four further sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine, and sulfathiazole, shows the versatility of the developed method. Its benefit was demonstrated in a first application, highlighting the possibility of distinguishing sulfamethoxazole from different suppliers and pharmaceutical products.
Graphical Abstract
Imaging in malignant germ cell tumors involving the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis: the evaluation of the posterior pituitary bright spot is essential
Authors: Stock Annika , Calaminus Gabriele , Weisthoff Mathilda , Serfling Julia , Pietsch Torsten , Bison Brigitte , Pham Mirko , Warmuth-Metz Monika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Malignant intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare diseases in Western countries. They arise in midline structures and diagnosis is often delayed. We evaluated imaging characteristics and early tumor signs of suprasellar and bifocal GCT on MRI.

Methods
Patients with the diagnosis of a germinoma or non-germinomatous GCT (NGGCT) who received non-contrast sagittal T1WI on MRI pre-therapy were included. Loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot (PPBS), the expansion and size of the tumor, and the expansion and infiltration of surrounding structures were evaluated. Group comparison for histologies and localizations was performed.

Results
A total of 102 GCT patients (median age at diagnosis 12.3 years, range 4.4–33.8; 57 males; 67 in suprasellar localization) were enrolled in the study. In the suprasellar cohort, NGGCTs (n = 20) were noticeably larger than germinomas (n = 47; p < .001). Each tumor showed involvement of the posterior lobe or pituitary stalk. A PPBS loss (total n = 98) was observed for each localization and entity in more than 90% and was related to diabetes insipidus. Osseous infiltration was observed exclusively in suprasellar GCT (significantly more frequent in NGGCT; p = .004). Time between the first MRI and therapy start was significantly longer in the suprasellar cohort (p = .005), with an even greater delay in germinoma compared to NGGCT (p = .002). The longest interval to treatment had circumscribed suprasellar germinomas (median 312 days).

Conclusion
A loss of the PPBS is a hint of tumor origin revealing small tumors in the neurohypophysis. Using this sign in children with diabetes insipidus avoids a delay in diagnosis.