bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow patterns and sediment deposition in rectangular shallow reservoirs
Authors: Dufresne Matthieu , Dewals Benjamin , Erpicum Sébastien , Archambeau Pierre , Pirotton Michel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis work involves the experimental investigation of flow patterns, preferential regions of deposition and trapping efficiency in rectangular shallow reservoirs. The main flow patterns that can be encountered in rectangular shallow reservoirs are described: symmetrical flows without any reattachment point (S0), asymmetrical flows with one reattachment point (A1) and asymmetrical flows with two reattachment points (A2). The influence of geometrical and hydraulic parameters on reattachment lengths is intensively investigated. A shape parameter is introduced to classify symmetrical and asymmetrical flows. For each flow pattern, the preferential regions of deposition are studied. To conclude, a number of practical recommendations are given. Reservoirs with a shape parameter lower than 6.2 limit sediment deposition. Reservoirs with a shape parameter greater than 6.8 are favourable for sediment deposition. Finally, perspectives for maximizing and minimizing deposition are given, respectively by exploiting the great trapping potential of the flow pattern A1 and the poor trapping potential of the flow pattern S0.
Rate of introduction of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in different poultry production sectors in the Netherlands
Authors: Gonzales Jose L. , Stegeman Jan A. , Koch Guus , de Wit Sjaak J. , Elbers Armin R. W. 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Gonzales et al. (2012) Rate of introduction of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in different poultry production sectors in the Netherlands. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00348.x.Background  Targeted risk‐based surveillance of poultry types (PT) with different risks of introduction of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIv) infection may improve the sensitivity of surveillance.Objective  To quantify the rate of introduction of LPAIv infections in different PT.Methods  Data from the Dutch LPAIv surveillance programme (2007–2010) were analysed using a generalised linear mixed and spatial model.Results  Outdoor‐layer, turkey, duck‐breeder and meat‐duck, farms had a 11, 8, 24 and 13 times higher rate of introduction of LPAIv than indoor‐layer farms, respectively.Conclusion  Differences in the rate of introduction of LPAIv could be used to (re)design a targeted risk‐based surveillance programme.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene polymorphisms are associated with treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: ZHONG Y. , FENG J. , CHEN B. , CHENG L. , LI Y. , QIAN J. , DING J. , GAO F. , XIA G. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  In the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, STAT3 is one of the most prominent prognosis factors for cancer and leukemia. STAT3 activation might promote cellular transformation and therefore have an important role in human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between STAT3 polymorphisms and treatment response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the Chinese population.Methods:  Three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested in 130 patients with AML. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and assayed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS).Results:  The results of response to chemotherapy showed that there were strong relationships between unfavorable cytogenetics, partial remission (and even no remission), and GG genotype frequency in rs9909659 (P = 0.01 and 0.03). Patients younger than 45 years were associated significantly with GA/AA genotype (P = 0.01).Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that the GG genotype in rs9909659 might confer increased resistance to standard chemotherapy.
Mantle cell lymphoma of the hard palate: a series of 4 cases
Authors: Fitzpatrick S.G. , Al‐Quran S.Z. , Fetner A.E. , Kuklan R.M. , Cohen D.M. , Bhattacharyya I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare variant of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has been infrequently reported in the oral cavity. This type of lymphoma is distinct in that it carries a poorer prognosis than other forms of B‐cell NHL with similar morphology. Four new cases of MCL occurring on the hard palate are presented, including two cases that were aberrantly negative for CD5. The clinical features, histological and immunohistological features, genetics, prognosis, and treatment for this entity are reviewed along with a summary of 12 other previously reported cases of MCL occurring in the oral cavity.
An unusual presentation of a dental abscess
Authors: Att M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDentoalveolar abscesses are common squeal to microorganisms reaching the periapical area of a tooth. If the infection remains localised, it may drain intraorally through a sinus. If the infection spreads, fascial planes determine the path that the bacteria will follow and may result in cellulites affecting different tissue spaces in the head and neck. Either way, diagnosis is usually straight forward.In very rare situations, these abscesses can present in an unusual way and can be diagnostically misleading. In addition, they may cause more serious conditions such as necrotising fasciitis, which is an uncommon, progressive, destructive soft tissue infection caused by a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Other serious consequences of dental abscesses depending on their anatomical location are cavernous sinus thrombosis, osteomyelitis, and Ludwig's angina.
Evolution in biodiversity policy – current gaps and future needs
Authors: Santamaría Luis , Méndez Pablo F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe intensity and speed of human alterations to the planet’s ecosystems are yielding our static, ahistorical view of biodiversity obsolete. Human actions frequently trigger fast evolutionary responses, affect extant genetic variation and result in the establishment of new communities and co‐evolutionary networks for which we lack past analogues. Contemporary evolution interplays with ecological changes to determine the response of organisms and ecosystems to anthropogenic pressures. Examples on wild species include responses to harvest (e.g. fisheries, hunting, angling), habitat loss and fragmentation (e.g. genetic effects of isolation), biotic exchange (e.g. evolutionary responses to control measures), climate change (e.g. local adaptation and its interplay with dispersal processes) and the responses of endangered species to conservation measures. A review of international and EU biodiversity policies showed numerous opportunities for the integration of evolutionary knowledge, with the realistic prospect of improving their efficacy. Such opportunities should be extended to other sectoral policies of direct relevance for biodiversity – notably nature conservation, fisheries, agriculture, water resources, spatial planning and climate change. These avenues for improvement are, however, challenged by the low level of enforcement of biodiversity policies, linked to the nonbinding nature of most biodiversity‐policy documents, and the decreasing representation of biodiversity in EU’s research policy.
Can interbreeding of wild and artificially propagated animals be prevented by using broodstock selected for a divergent life history?
Authors: Seamons Todd R. , Hauser Lorenz , Naish Kerry A. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo strategies have been proposed to avoid negative genetic effects of artificially propagated individuals on wild populations: (i) integration of wild and captive populations to minimize domestication selection and (ii) segregation of released individuals from the wild population to minimize interbreeding. We tested the efficacy of the strategy of segregation by divergent life history in a steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, system, where hatchery fish were selected to spawn months earlier than the indigenous wild population. The proportion of wild ancestry smolts and adults declined by 10–20% over the three generations since the hatchery program began. Up to 80% of the naturally produced steelhead in any given year were hatchery/wild hybrids. Regression model selection analysis showed that the proportion of hatchery ancestry smolts was lower in years when stream discharge was high, suggesting a negative effect of flow on reproductive success of early‐spawning hatchery fish. Furthermore, proportions of hybrid smolts and adults were higher in years when the number of naturally spawning hatchery‐produced adults was higher. Divergent life history failed to prevent interbreeding when physical isolation was ineffective, an inadequacy that is likely to prevail in many other situations.
Frege's Changing Conception of Number
Authors: KLEMENT KEVIN C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractI trace changes to Frege's understanding of numbers, arguing in particular that the view of arithmetic based in geometry developed at the end of his life (1924–1925) was not as radical a deviation from his views during the logicist period as some have suggested. Indeed, by looking at his earlier views regarding the connection between numbers and second‐level concepts, his understanding of extensions of concepts, and the changes to his views, firstly, in between Grundlagen and Grundgesetze, and, later, after learning of Russell's paradox, this position is a natural position for him to have retreated to, when properly understood.
Does Propositional Seeing Entail Propositional Knowledge?
Authors: FRENCH CRAIG 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn a 2010 article Turri puts forward some powerful considerations which suggest that Williamson's view of knowledge as the most general factive mental state is false. Turri claims that this view is false since it is false that if S sees that p, then S knows that p. Turri argues that there are cases in which (A) S sees that p but (B) S does not know that p. In response I offer linguistic evidence to suppose that in propositional contexts “see” does not have the sort of meaning (a purely perceptual meaning) which would sustain Turri's claims about the cases he offers (specifically, the (A) verdicts).
Elastic and Seismic Properties of Dabie‐Sulu Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic Rocks
Authors: Qian WANG , Shaocheng JI , Shengsi SUN , SALISBURY Matthew H. , KERN Hartmut 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:Lamé modulus (λ) and shear modulus (μ) are among the most important, intrinsic, elastic constants of rocks. Using λ and μ could be much more advantageous than using P‐ and S‐wave velocities (Vp and Vs). Here we quantified these equivalent isotropic elastic moduli for 115 representative rocks from the ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane of the Dabie‐Sulu erogenic belt (China) and their variations with pressure (P), temperature (T), density (p), Vp, Vs and minera logical composition. Both moduli increase nonlinearly and linearly with increasing pressure at low (<200–300 MPa) and high (>200–300 MPa) pressures, respectively. In the regime of high pressures, λ and μ decrease quasi‐linearly with increasing temperature with temperature derivatives dλ/dT and dμ/dT generally in the range of –10 × 10–3 to –1 × 10–3 GPa/°C. Dehydration of water‐bearing minerals such as serpentine in peridotites and chlorite in retrograde eclogites results in an abrupt drop in λ while μ remains almost unchanged. In λ‐ρ, μ‐ρ and λ‐μ plots, the main categories of UHP rocks can be characterized. Serpentinization leads to significant decreases in μ and λ as serpentine has extremely low values of λ, μ and ρ. Eclogites, common mafic rocks (mafic gneiss, metagabbro and amphibolite), and felsic rocks (orthogneiss and paragneiss) have high, moderate and low μ and λ values, respectively. For pyroxenes and olivines, λ increases but μ decreases with increasing Fe/Mg ratios. For plagioclase feldspars, both λ and μ exhibit a significant positive correlation with anorthite content. SiO2‐rich felsic rocks and quartzites are deviated remarkably from the general trend lines of the acid‐intermediate‐mafic rocks in Vs‐ρ, μ‐ρ, λ‐Vp, λ‐Vs and μ‐λ diagrams because quartz has extremely low λ (∼8.1 GPa) and p (2.65 g/cm3) but moderate μ (44.4 GPa) values. Increasing the contents of garnet, rutile, ilmenite and magnetite results in a significant increase in the λ and μ values of the UHP metamorphic rocks. However, either λ or μ is insensitive to the compositional variations for pyralspite (pyrope‐almandine‐spessartine) solution series. The results provide potentially improved constraints on characterization of crustal composition based on the elastic properties of rocks and in situ seismic data from deep continental roots.
Mineralogical Evidence for Regional Metamorphism Overprinted by Contact Metamorphism
Authors: JAMSHIDI BADR Mahboobeh , MASOUDI Fariborz , COLLINS Alan S. , SORBI Ali 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:The Soursat metamorphic complex (SMC) in northwestern Iran is part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt. The complex is composed of different metamorphic and plutonic rocks, but is dominated by metapelites composed of garnet, staurolite, kyanite, fibrolite, cordierite, and andalusite. Porphyroblasts in schists have the same fabric, and three stages of schistosity are present. The internal schistosity (Sn) inclusion trails are also offset by conjugate sets of extensional schistosity (Sn+1) and a second (Sn+2) that crenulates (Sn+1). Polyphase metamorphisms are present in the complex. Garnet, staurolite, kyanite, and fibrolite assemblage preserves conditions during the M1 metamorphic event. This assemblage yields a P–t estimate of 645±11°C and 6.5±0.5 kbar. Other samples of the central part of SMC contain cordierite and andalusite (M2) overgrowth that yields a P–t estimate of 532±33°C and 2.1±1.1 kbar.
Molar‐Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and Geological Implications
Authors: Hongwei KUANG , Yongqing LIU , Nan PENG , Shunshe LUO , Jiahua LI , Chao CEN , Mingpei CHEN 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS (Molar‐Tooth Structure) has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS's occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular (irregular), were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS‐bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive δ13C and highly negative δ18O values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.
The Surface Rupture Zone and Coseismic Deformation Produced by the Yutian Ms7.3 Earthquake of 21 March 2008, Xinjiang
Authors: Xinjian SHAN , Chunyan QU , Chisheng WANG , Guifang ZHANG , Guohong ZHANG , Xiaogang SONG , Liming GUO , Yunhua LIU 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:On 21 March 2008, a Ms7.3 earthquake occurred at Quickbird, Yutian County, Xinjiang. We attempt to reveal the features of the causative fault of this shock and its coseismic deformation field. Our work is based on analysis and interpretation to high‐resolution satellite images as well as differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D‐InSAR) data from the satellite Envisat SAR, coupled with seismicity, focal mechanism solutions and active tectonics in this region. The result shows that the 40 km‐long, nearly NS trending surface rupture zone by this event lies on a range‐front alluvial platform in Qira County. It is characterized by distinct linear traces and simple structure with 1–3‐m‐wide individual seams and maximum 6.5 m width of a collapse fracture. Along the rupture zone many secondary fractures and fault‐bounded blocks are seen, exhibiting remarkable extension. The coseismic deformation affected a large area 100 × 100 km2. D‐InSAR analysis indicates that the interferometric deformation field is dominated by extensional faulting with a small strike‐slip component. Along the causative fault, the western wall fell down and the eastern wall, that is the active unit, rose up, both with westerly vergence. Because of the big deformation gradients near the seismogenic fault, no interference fringes are seen on images, and what can be determined is a vertical displacement 70 cm or more between the two fault walls. According to the epicenter and differential occurrence times from the National Earthquake Information Center, China Earthquake Network Center, Harvard and USGS, it is suggested that the seismic fault ruptured from north to south.
Collection and recording of radiological information for forensic purposes
Authors: Forrest AS 
Published: February 2012

AbstractForensic odontology is the application of dental expertise to legal issues. Commonly, it involves the comparison of dental records of a missing person with a deceased individual for the purposes of forensic personal identification, either in a single case, or as part of the response to an event involving multiple simultaneous fatalities (Disaster Victim Identification, or DVI). It may also involve studies to determine the age of an individual, which may be required as part of a forensic identification process, or for another legal purpose such as the determination of legal responsibility, or in connection with immigration.This report examines the types of radiological information currently used in such forensic studies, and discusses how this information may be accessed or recorded, as well as the techniques that are commonly applied to the radiological data to reach a satisfactory outcome for application in forensic casework.
Application of cone beam computed tomography for assessment of the temporomandibular joints
Authors: Barghan S , Tetradis S , Mallya SM 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRadiographic examination is essential for the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The goals of TMJ radiography are to evaluate cortical and trabecular architecture of the bony structures and confirm their integrity, to assess the extent and monitor progression of osseous changes, and to evaluate the response to treatment. Accurate evaluation of the TMJ by conventional radiography is limited by structure superimposition. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides high‐resolution multiplanar images and delivers substantially lower radiation dose, compared with multislice CT. CBCT allows examination of TMJ anatomy without superimposition and distortion to facilitate analysis of bone morphology, joint space and dynamic function in all three dimensions. This article will describe the role of CBCT imaging for the assessment of the TMJ osseous structures and present typical appearances of common pathological conditions of the TMJ.
Skin toxicities and survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib
Authors: Otsuka Taiga , Eguchi Yuichiro , Kawazoe Seiji , Yanagita Kimihiko , Ario Keisuke , Kitahara Kenji , Kawasoe Hiroaki , Kato Hiroyuki , Mizuta Toshihiko ,   the Saga Liver Cancer Study Group
Published: February 2012

Aim:  Sorafenib is the first small molecule with significant clinical activity for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, intolerable adverse events are sometimes observed. On the other hand, it has been reported that some toxicities of molecular targeted drugs, such as skin toxicities and arterial hypertension, are correlated with good clinical outcomes in other cancers.Methods:  We identified the correlations between adverse events and prognosis for sorafenib therapy in all patients with HCC treated at the institutions of the Saga Liver Cancer Study Group. The toxicities were assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.Results:  Ninety‐four patients received sorafenib until August 2010. The overall incidence of treatment‐related adverse events was 98% of patients. Skin toxicities, including palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, rash, pruritus and alopecia, were the most common adverse events and were observed in 58 patients (62%). Hypertension was observed in 23 patients (24%). The median survival time was 12.5 months among the total patients. The patients with skin toxicities showed significantly longer survival than the patients without these toxicities (hazard ratio, 0.449; 95% confidence interval, 0.256–0.786; P = 0.005). Hypertension had no correlation with survival. Skin toxicities were also significant prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.522; 95% confidence interval, 0.274–0.997; P = 0.049), along with Child–Pugh class and α‐fetoprotein level. The median development time for skin toxicities was 21 days.Conclusion:  Skin toxicities occur commonly at the early phase in patients treated with sorafenib, and could be a promising surrogate marker for the treatment outcome.
Risk factors for superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in Thoroughbred racehorses in hurdle starts in the UK (2001–2009)
Authors: REARDON R. J. M. , BODEN L. A. , MELLOR D. J. , LOVE S. , NEWTON J. R. , STIRK A. J. , PARKIN T. D. H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendinopathy is a common injury in Thoroughbred horses racing over hurdles. Identification of risk factors may allow the introduction of measures to minimise the incidence of this injury.Objective:To identify risk factors for SDF tendinopathy in Thoroughbred horses in hurdle races in the UK.Methods:Potential risk factors for SDF tendinopathy were studied between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2009 using a retrospective cohort study design with 1031 case starts and 168,637 control starts. Potential risk factors were screened using univariable logistic regression prior to multivariable model building.Results:In the final multivariable model, 20 statistically significant risk factors were identified. Variables found to be associated with increased odds of SDF tendinopathy included: firmer going; increased horse age at first race; having had a previous SDFT injury; and racing in the summer compared to other seasons. Variables found to be associated with decreased odds included: being trained by a more successful trainer; and having raced more frequently in the preceding 9–12 months.Conclusions:This study identified multiple risk factors associated with SDF tendinopathy, some of which are difficult to explain with the current data source. Factors resulting in increased cumulative horse and tendon fatigue (increased years in racing; carrying increased weight; and racing over longer distances), firm ground, and the presence of previous tendon injury should be considered when attempting to reduce the likelihood of sustaining SDF tendinopathy.Potential relevance:The results will facilitate the development of strategies to improve the overall safety of horses in hurdle racing in the UK.