bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally persistent free radicals induce airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatal rat lungs
Authors: Balakrishna Shrilatha , Saravia Jordy , Thevenot Paul , Ahlert Terry , Lominiki Slawo , Dellinger Barry , Cormier Stephania A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundIncreased asthma risk/exacerbation in children and infants is associated with exposure to elevated levels of ultrafine particulate matter (PM). The presence of a newly realized class of pollutants, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), in PM from combustion sources suggests a potentially unrecognized risk factor for the development and/or exacerbation of asthma.MethodsNeonatal rats (7-days of age) were exposed to EPFR-containing combustion generated ultrafine particles (CGUFP), non-EPFR containing CGUFP, or air for 20 minutes per day for one week. Pulmonary function was assessed in exposed rats and age matched controls. Lavage fluid was isolated and assayed for cellularity and cytokines andin vivoindicators of oxidative stress. Pulmonary histopathology and characterization of differential protein expression in lung homogenates was also performed.ResultsNeonates exposed to EPFR-containing CGUFP developed significant pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity. This correlated with increased levels of oxidative stress in the lungs. Using differential two-dimensional electrophoresis, we identified 16 differentially expressed proteins between control and CGUFP exposed groups. In the rats exposed to EPFR-containing CGUFP; peroxiredoxin-6, cofilin1, and annexin A8 were upregulated.ConclusionsExposure of neonates to EPFR-containing CGUFP induced pulmonary oxidative stress and lung dysfunction. This correlated with alterations in the expression of various proteins associated with the response to oxidative stress and the regulation of glucocorticoid receptor translocation in T lymphocytes.
Pancreatitis, very early compared with normal start of enteral feeding (PYTHON trial): design and rationale of a randomised controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Bakker Olaf J , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , van Brunschot Sandra , Ahmed Ali Usama , Besselink Marc G , Boermeester Marja A , Bollen Thomas L , Bosscha Koop , Brink Menno A , Dejong Cornelis H , van Geenen Erwin J , van Goor Harry , Heisterkamp Joos , Houdijk Alexander P , Jansen Jeroen M , Karsten Thom M , Manusama Eric R , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B , van Ramshorst Bert , Schaapherder Alexander F , van der Schelling George P , Spanier Marcel BM , Tan Adriaan , Vecht Juda , Weusten Bas L , Witteman Ben J , Akkermans Louis M , Gooszen Hein G ,   the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
In predicted severe acute pancreatitis, infections have a negative effect on clinical outcome. A start of enteral nutrition (EN) within 24 hours of onset may reduce the number of infections as compared to the current practice of starting an oral diet and EN if necessary at 3-4 days after admission.

Methods/Design
The PYTHON trial is a randomised controlled, parallel-group, superiority multicenter trial. Patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (Imrie-score ≥ 3 or APACHE-II score ≥ 8 or CRP > 150 mg/L) will be randomised to EN within 24 hours or an oral diet and EN if necessary, after 72 hours after hospital admission.
During a 3-year period, 208 patients will be enrolled from 20 hospitals of the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. The primary endpoint is a composite of mortality or infections (bacteraemia, infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis, pneumonia) during hospital stay or within 6 months following randomisation. Secondary endpoints include other major morbidity (e.g. new onset organ failure, need for intervention), intolerance of enteral feeding and total costs from a societal perspective.

Discussion
The PYTHON trial is designed to show that a very early (< 24 h) start of EN reduces the combined endpoint of mortality or infections as compared to the current practice of an oral diet and EN if necessary at around 72 hours after admission for predicted severe acute pancreatitis.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN: ISRCTN18170985
Endoscopic application of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate on esophagojejunal anastomotic leak: a case report
Authors: Pramateftakis Manousos-Georgios , Vrakas Georgios , Kanellos Ioannis , Mantzoros Ioannis , Angelopoulos Stamatis , Eleftheriades Efthymios , Lazarides Charalampos 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Introduction
This case report describes an esophagojejunal anastomotic leak following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The leak was treated successfully with endoscopic application of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. This is the first case report on the endoscopic application of cyanoacrylate alone for the treatment of an anastomotic leak.

Case presentation
This report describes a case of a 68-year-old Caucasian man who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. He underwent total gastrectomy and esophagojejunal anastomosis with Roux-en-Y anastomosis plus transverse colectomy. An anastomotic leak was treated conservatively at first for a total of three weeks. However, the leak persisted; therefore, the decision was made to apply topical endoscopic n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.

Conclusion
The endoscopic application of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate alone can be used successfully to treat esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage.
Rapamycin potentiates cytotoxicity by docetaxel possibly through downregulation of Survivin in lung cancer cells
Authors: Niu Huiyan , Wang Jiahe , Li Hui , He Ping 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
To elucidate whether rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), can potentiate the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel in lung cancer cells and to probe the mechanism underlying such enhancement.

Methods
Lung cancer cells were treated with docetaxel and rapamycin. The effect on the proliferation of lung cancer cells was evaluated using the MTT method, and cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Protein expression and level of phosphorylation were assayed using Western Blot method.

Results
Co-treatment of rapamycin and docetaxel was found to favorably enhance the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel in four lung cancer cell lines. This tumoricidal boost is associated with a reduction in the expression and phosphorylation levels of Survivin and ERK1/2, respectively.

Conclusion
The combined application of mTOR inhibitor and docetaxel led to a greater degree of cancer cell killing than that by either compound used alone. Therefore, this combination warrants further investigation in its suitability of serving as a novel therapeutic scheme for treating advanced and recurrent lung cancer patients.
Acute and critically ill peripartum cardiomyopathy and 'bridge to' therapeutic options: a single center experience with intra-aortic balloon pump, extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Gevaert Sofie , Van Belleghem Yves , Bouchez Stefaan , Herck Ingrid , De Somer Filip , De Block Yasmina , Tromp Fiona , Vandecasteele Els , Martens Floor , De Pauw Michel 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) patients refractory to medical therapy and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation or in whom weaning from these therapies is impossible, are candidates for a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to recovery or transplant. Continuous-flow LVADs are smaller, have a better long-term durability and are associated with better outcomes. Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a temporary support in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mechanical support in acute and critically ill PPCM patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective search of the patient database of the Ghent University hospital (2000 to 2010).

Results
Six PPCM-patients were treated with mechanical support. Three patients presented in the postpartum period and three patients at the end of pregnancy. All were treated with IABP, the duration of IABP support ranged from 1 to 13 days. An ECMO was inserted in one patient who presented with cardiogenic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and a stillborn baby. Two patients showed partial recovery and could be weaned off the IABP. Four patients were implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD (HeartMate II®, Thoratec Inc.), including the ECMO-patient. Three LVAD patients were successfully transplanted 78, 126 and 360 days after LVAD implant; one patient is still on the transplant waiting list. We observed one peripheral thrombotic complication due to IABP and five early bleeding complications in three LVAD patients. One patient died suddenly two years after transplantation.

Conclusions
In PPCM with refractory heart failure IABP was safe and efficient as a bridge to recovery or as a bridge to LVAD. ECMO provided temporary support as a bridge to LVAD, while the newer continuous-flow LVADs offered a safe bridge to transplant.
Psychological Assessment of Primary Aldosteronism: A Controlled Study
Authors: Sonino Nicoletta , Tomba Elena , Genesia Maria Luisa , Bertello Chiara , Mulatero Paolo , Veglio Franco , Fava Giovanni A. , Fallo Francesco 
Published: March 2011

Objective:
Our objective was to investigate psychological correlates in a population with primary aldosteronism (PA) using methods found to be sensitive and reliable in psychosomatic research.

Methods:
Twenty-three PA patients (12 male, 11 female; mean age 50 ± 9 yr) were compared with 23 patients with essential hypertension (EH) (15 male, eight female; mean age 47 ± 8 yr) and 23 matched normotensive subjects. A modified version of the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, a shortened version of the structured interview for the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, and two self-rating questionnaires, the Psychosocial Index and the Symptom Questionnaire, were administered.

Results:
Twelve of 23 patients with PA (52.2%) suffered from an anxiety disorder compared with four of 23 with EH (17.4%) and one control (4.3%) (P &lt; 0.001). Generalized anxiety disorder was more frequent in PA than in EH patients and controls (P &lt; 0.05). As assessed by Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research, irritable mood was more frequent in PA and EH compared with controls (P &lt; 0.05) but did not differentiate PA from EH. According to Psychosocial Index results, patients with PA had higher levels of stress (P &lt; 0.01) and psychological distress (P &lt; 0.01) and lower level of well-being (P &lt; 0.05) than controls. Compared with EH patients, PA patients had higher scores in stress subscale (P &lt; 0.05). The Symptom Questionnaire showed higher levels of anxiety (P &lt; 0.01), depression (P &lt; 0.01) and somatization (P &lt; 0.01) and lower physical well-being (P &lt; 0.05) in PA than controls.

Conclusion:
A role of mineralocorticoid regulatory mechanisms in clinical situations concerned with anxiety and stress is suggested.
Use of secondary care in England by international immigrants
Authors: Steventon Adam , Bardsley Martin 
Published: March 2011

Objective: Although over half a million migrants arrive in England each year, information about their use of health services is limited. Our aim was to describe the use of secondary care by international immigrants and compare it to people moving within England. Methods: Routine anonymized data were used to identify people who appear as registering with a general practitioner (GP) for the first time in England, yet are aged 15 or over. We assumed that most long-term residents will have registered before the age of 15, and therefore the majority of those registering for the first time later in life will be international immigrants. The study compared hospital admissions among first registrants to the general population of England and to within-England migrants, selected using propensity scoring. Results: The first registrants aged 15 or over had around half the rate of hospital admission asthat of the general population of England. They were also less likely to have a hospital admission than a matched group of within-England migrants. The lower admission rates persisted over several years and were consistent in three consecutive cohorts of first registrants (each consisting of over half a million people). Conclusions: The assumption that international immigrants use more secondary care than the members of the indigenous population appears to be unfounded.
On finite subgroups of compact Lie groups and fundamental groups of Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Su Xiaole , Wang Yusheng 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Let G be a compact Lie group of dimension m, and let Γ be any finite subgroup in G. The main result in this paper is that for each m there exists a constant c(m) such that: (i) for connected G, Γ contains an abelian subgroup with index ≤ c (m) which belongs to some torus in G; (ii) for non-connected G, Γ contains a subgroup with index ≤ c(m) which commutes with some torus in G. Using this we get some conclusions on fundamental groups of Riemannian manifolds (especially of positive sectional curvature).
Sets resilient to erosion
Authors: Pegden Wesley 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The erosion of a set X in Euclidean space by a radius r > 0 is the subset of X consisting of points at distance ≥ r from the complement of X. A set is resilient to erosion if it is similar to its erosion by some positive radius. We give a somewhat surprising characterization of resilient sets, consisting in one part of simple geometric constraints on convex resilient sets, and, in another, a correspondence between nonconvex resilient sets and scale-invariant (e.g., ‘exact fractal’) sets.
Homocysteine: a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang , Obeid Rima 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are found in patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Epidemiological studies show a positive, dose-dependent relationship between mild-to-moderate increases in plasma total homocysteine concentrations (Hcy) and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment or stroke. HHcy is a surrogate marker for B vitamin deficiency (folate, B12, B6) and a neurotoxic agent. The concept of improving the patient's clinical outcome by lowering of Hcy with B vitamins seems to be attractive. Recent B vitamin supplementation trials demonstrated a slowing of brain atrophy and improvement in some domains of cognitive function. Meta-analysis of secondary prevention trials showed that B vitamins supplementation caused a decrease in plasma Hcy and a trend for lowering the risk of stroke. HHcy is common in elderly people. Therefore, it seems prudent to identify B vitamin deficient subjects and to ensure sufficient vitamin intake. Therefore, recent evidence supports the role of Hcy as a potential biomarker in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Polymer-Based Solar Cells: State-of-the-Art Principles for the Design of Active Layer Components
Authors: Thompson Barry C. , Khlyabich Petr P. , Burkhart Beate , Aviles Alejandra E. , Rudenko Andrey , Shultz Ginger V. , Ng Christi F. , Mangubat Lorenzo B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe vision of organic photovoltaics is that of a low cost solar energy conversion platform that provides lightweight, flexible solar cells that are easily incorporated into existing infrastructure with minimal impact on land usage. Polymer solar cells have been a subject of growing research interest over the past quarter century, and are now developed to the point where they are on the verge of introduction into the market. Towards the goal of continuing to improve the performance of polymer solar cells, a number of avenues are being explored. Here, the focus is on optimization of device performance via the development of a more fundamental understanding of device parameters. The fundamental operating principle of an organic solar cell is based on the cooperative interaction of molecular or polymeric electron donors and acceptors. Here the state-of-the-art in understanding of the physical and electronic interactions between donor and acceptor components is examined, as is important for understanding future avenues of research and the ultimate potential of this technology.
Evaluating Food-Fuel Trade-Offs via Market Choice: The Case of Iowa Corn Producers
Authors: Yu Tun-Hsiang , Hart Chad , You Wen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study examines food-fuel trade-offs from the perspective of crop producers and their choices in marketing their grain among food, feed and fuel use. Based on a recent survey of Iowa grain producers, this study finds that price competition from ethanol plants has increased the share of the corn marketed directly to ethanol plants and lowered the market share of corn marketed for domestic and international food/feed purposes. Other factors, such as farm size and market distance, affect the share of corn directed to the fuel, food, and feed markets. The results indicate corn producers are willing to bear higher transportation costs to reach food markets over other market outlets.
Low Band Gap Polymers for Roll-to-Roll Coated Organic Photovoltaics – Design, Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Bundgaard Eva , Hagemann Ole , Jørgensen Mikkel , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper we present the design and synthesis of 25 new low band gap polymers. The polymers were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy which showed optical band gaps of 2.0–0.9 eV. The polymers which were soluble enough were applied in organic photovoltaics, both small area devices with a spin coated active layer and in large area modules where all layers including the active layer were either roll-to-roll coated or printed. These experiments showed that the design of polymers compatible with roll-toroll coating is not straightforward and that there are various issues such as donor/acceptor fitting within the polymer, side chains to ensure solubility and HOMO/LUMO level alignment with the acceptor (e.g. [60]PCBM) to take into consideration.
Intermediate Layers in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Yongbo , Huang Jinsong , Li Gang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTandem structures can boost the efficiency of organic solar cell to more than 15%, compared to the 10% limit of single layer bulk heterojunction devices. Design and fabricating of intermediate layers plays a very important role to achieve high device performance. This article will review the main experimental progresses of tandem organic solar cells, and focus on the intermediate layers (charge recombination layers) in both thermal evaporated and solution processed organic tandem solar cell devices.
The role of CREB signaling in Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders
Authors: Saura Carlos A. , Valero Jorge 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Gene expression changes in the brain affect cognition during normal and pathological aging. Progress in understanding the cellular processes regulating gene expression networks in cognition is relevant to develop therapeutic interventions for age-related cognitive disorders. Synaptic efficacy mediating memory storage requires the activation of specific gene expression programs regulated, among others, by the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). CREB signaling is essential for long-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity that mediates the conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory. CREB signaling has been recently involved in several brain pathological conditions including cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. The β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, alters hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory and mediates synapse loss through the CREB signaling pathway. The fact that altered CREB signaling has been implicated in other cognitive disorders including Huntington’s disease and Rubinstein-Taybi and Coffin-Lowry syndromes suggests a crucial role of CREB signaling in cognitive dysfunction. In this review paper, we summarize recent findings indicating a role of CREB and its coactivators CREB binding protein and CREB-regulated transcription coactivator in cognition during normal and pathological aging. We also discuss the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on CREB targeting to ameliorate cognitive decline in aging and cognitive disorders.
Kantowski-Sachs cosmological models with anisotropic dark energy
Authors: Adhav Kishor , Bansod Abhijit , Wankhade Rajesh , Ajmire Hanumant 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The exact solutions of the Einstein field equations for dark energy in Kantowski-Sachs metric under the assumption on the anisotropy of the fluid are obtained for exponential and power-law volumetric expansions. The isotropy of the fluid, space and expansion are examined.
GIDMP: Good protein-protein interaction data metamining practice
Authors: Plewczynski Dariusz , Klingström Tomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStudying the interactome is one of the exciting frontiers of proteomics, as shown lately at the recent bioinformatics conferences (for example ISMB 2010, or ECCB 2010). Distribution of data is facilitated by a large number of databases. Metamining databases have been created in order to allow researchers access to several databases in one search, but there are serious difficulties for end users to evaluate the metamining effort. Therefore we suggest a new standard, “Good Interaction Data Metamining Practice” (GIDMP), which could be easily automated and requires only very minor inclusion of statistical data on each database homepage. Widespread adoption of the GIDMP standard would provide users with: a standardized way to evaluate the statistics provided by each metamining database, thus enhancing the end-user experiencea stable contact point for each database, allowing the smooth transition of statisticsa fully automated system, enhancing time- and cost-effectiveness.The proposed information can be presented as a few hidden lines of text on the source database www page, and a constantly updated table for a metamining database included in the source/credits web page.
Stem cells from adipose tissue
Authors: Witkowska-Zimny Malgorzata , Walenko Katarzyna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a review of the growing scientific interest in the developmental plasticity and therapeutic potential of stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that are abundant in fat tissue. It has been shown that ASCs can differentiate into several lineages, including adipose cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. At the same time, adipose tissue can be harvested by a minimally invasive procedure, which makes it a promising source of adult stem cells. Therefore, it is believed that ASCs may become an alternative to the currently available adult stem cells (e.g. bone marrow stromal cells) for potential use in regenerative medicine. In this review, we present the basic information about the field of adipose-derived stem cells and their potential use in various applications.