bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R‐roscovitine (Seliciclib) affects CLL cells more strongly than combinations of fludarabine or cladribine with cyclophosphamide: Inhibition of CDK7 sensitizes leukemic cells to caspase‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Rogalińska Małgorzata , Błoński Jerzy Z. , Komina Oxana , Góralski Paweł , Żołnierczyk Jolanta D. , Piekarski Henryk , Robak Tadeusz , Kiliańska Zofia M. , Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant, apoptosis‐resistant B CD19+/CD5+ cells. Populations of CLL cells are heterogeneous and consist primarily of quiescent cells with a minor subset of dividing cells. In this study the efficacy of a first‐line in vivo therapy was compared with treatment by R‐roscovitine (ROSC) alone or by purine analogues (cladribine and fludarabine) combined with maphosphamide for 14 CLL patients under ex vivo conditions. ROSC induced the highest reduction in numbers of living B‐cells, coinciding with an increased rate of apoptosis. After 24 h the percentage of apoptotic cells in ROSC‐treated cultures was markedly higher than in untreated controls. ROSC also induced strong activation of the apoptosome and effector caspases in CLL cells. During progression of apoptosis the plasma membrane became permeable, resulting in the release of activated caspases into the culture medium. Leukemic cells were more sensitive to ROSC than normal mononuclear cells. Treatment with ROSC did not affect the activating phosphorylation of CDK2 or CDK1. However, ROSC decreased phosphorylation of survivin, CDK7, and RNA‐Pol II, resulting in inhibition of transcription elongation and subsequent down‐regulation of levels of anti‐apoptotic factors, thereby facilitating apoptosis. Unlike ROSC, two other purine analogues barely affected the cellular levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins and more weakly activated effector caspases. In addition, the efficacies of in vivo and ex vivo therapies were found to be correlated. Marked between‐patient differences in expression patterns of apoptosis‐regulating factors in CLL cells were observed, explaining the variations in patients' sensitivity to therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 217–235, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses of chromenes and chromanes via o‐quinone methide intermediates
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina B. , da Silva Fernando de C. , Pinto Angelo C. , Gonzaga Daniel T. G. , Ferreira Vitor F. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image This review intends to explore synthetic methodologies for the preparation of 2H‐chromenes and their analog chromanes through ortho‐quinone methide (o‐QM) intermediates associated with inter and intramolecular hetero‐Diels‐Alder and electrocyclization reactions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthetic approaches to 3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans and 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans
Authors: Jha Amitabh , Jimmy Huang Po‐Jung 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image Naphtho[2,1‐b]pyran nuclei are prevalent in natural products with significant biological and medicinal properties. 3,3‐Disubstituted 3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans are photochromic and find use in electronic display systems, ophthalmic lenses, optical switches, and temporary or permanent memories. Of the various possible structural isomers of naphthopyran framework, this review is an account of reported synthetic procedures to produce 3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans and their dihydro analogs, 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans. The advantages and disadvantages of each procedure in terms of yields, complexity, formation of side‐products, use of uncommon/expensive reagents, etc., are also described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
In situ Gelation of Supramolecular Hydrogel for Anti‐Tumor Drug Delivery
Authors: He Bin , Zeng Jing , Nie Yu , Ji Li , Wang Rui , Li Yuan , Wu Yao , Li Li , Wang Gang , Luo Xianglin , Zhang Zhirong , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA supramolecular injectable hydrogel was fabricated. The hydrogel was in situ gelated by the host‐guest interaction between α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) and methylated poly(ethylene glycol) grafted poly(α,β‐malic acid) (mPEG‐g‐PMA). The hydrogel was characterized by 1NMR, XRD, DSC, TGA and SEM. The results showed that the polyrotaxanes of α‐CDs/mPEG‐g‐PMA acted as physical crosslink sites in the hydrogel. Anti‐tumor drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was loaded in the hydrogel. The release and anti‐tumor effect were studied in vitro. The burst release of DOX was restrained obviously. The sustaining release time lasted more than 3 d and the cell viability decreased greatly. This hydrogel is a promising injectable hydrogel for minimally invasive therapeutic drug delivery.magnified image
Strahlverschleiß von Stahl mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt: Untersuchungen zur Verschleißpartikelgeometrie
Authors: Momber A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie geometrische Form von Verschleißpartikeln nach Strahlverschleiß von Oberflächen aus Stahl mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt wurde mittels einer Bildbearbeitungssoftware bestimmt. In Abhängigkeit vom Streckungsgrad (Verhältnis von Länge zu Breite der Partikel) wurden drei Verschleißpartikelformen unterschieden. 60 % aller Partikel konnten dem Plättchenmodel von Bellmann‐Levy (1981) zugeordnet werden; sie dominierten den Verschleißprozess. Ein reines Mikroschneiden nach Finnie (1959) spielte eine untergeordnete Rolle, während Mikrofurchen nach Winter‐Hutchings (1974) wesentlich stärker hervortrat. Die statistische mittlere Größe der Verschleißpartikel betrug 14 μm. 92 % aller Verschleißpartikel waren kleiner als die Korngröße des verschlissenen Werkstoffes. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Ansicht, dass im Wesentlichen mehrstufig ablaufende Vorgänge, insbesondere Bildung und nachträgliches Abschlagen von Lippen und Plättchen, den Werkstoffabtrag herbeiführen.
Werkstoffe und Oberflächenmodifikationen – Schlüssel für eine ökonomische Spritzgießfertigung
Authors: Heine B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEine ökonomische Spritzgießfertigung umfasst eine kostengünstige Fertigung des Werkzeugs, eine kräftereduzierte Werkzeugbetätigung, eine Ressourcen schonende Produktion mit kurzen Zykluszeiten sowie einen geringen Instandsetzungsbedarf auf Seiten des Werkzeugs. Es zeigt sich, dass kein Werkstoff allen Forderungen gerecht wird. Daher empfiehlt es sich, die Eigenschaften, die von der Beschaffenheit der Werkzeugoberfläche bestimmt werden, von einer Beschichtung erbringen zu lassen. Die Volumeneigenschaften dagegen werden vom Grundwerkstoff geleistet. Mit diesem Konzept ist es möglich, ein Leichtbauwerkzeug auszulegen, das über lange Zeit wartungsfrei betrieben werden kann und geringe Zykluszeiten erlaubt. Es zeigt sich, dass ein Grundkörper aus einer Aluminiumlegierung und die Applikation einer Chemisch‐Nickel‐Schicht eine zum Ziel führende Lösung ist.
Quick‐mount grips: Towards an improved standard for uniaxial tensile testing of metallic superplastic sheets
Authors: Abu‐Farha F. , Curtis R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is the steady interest in the extraordinary ductility of superplastic materials that led to the launch of several standards on characterising their tensile behaviour, all within the past decade. However, those standards do not agree on many of the issues they cover, and fail to tackle some of the important and controversial issues in superplastic materials’ testing; leaving the reader without adequate guidelines on those particular issues. In this work, a detailed review of the three main standards that describe the proper method for testing superplastic materials (JIS H7501, ASTM E2448 and BS ISO 20032) is carried out. The review focuses on the critical issues that significantly impact testing results, pointing out the points of agreement and disagreement among the three standards. And in an attempt to resolve some of those critical issues, an integrated testing methodology centred about a unique set of quick‐mounting grips that facilitates mounting and retrieving the test specimen in a very short time, is presented. The methodology promises resolving the majority of the aforementioned testing issues, and is hoped to provoke the development of a new more universally‐accepted standard method for testing superplastic materials at elevated temperatures.
Characterization and modification of commercial acrylic fibers grafted with acrylic acid
Authors: Bagheri A.R. , Abdouss M. , Shoushtari A.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto commercial acrylic fibers (PAN) has been studied using Azobis(isobutyro)nitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. AA grafting initiated by radicals formed from thermal decomposition of AIBN. In this study, the effects of monomer and initiator concentration, time and temperature reaction on the grafting yield have been investigated. The optimum conditions for this grafting reaction were obtained with an AA concentration of 1.67 M, an AIBN concentration of 0.0097 M, a reaction temperature of T=85 °C and with reaction time of 60 minutes.The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption and also in this study has been investigated the mechanical property. The thermal analysis data showed that increasing in grafting yield, decreases the thermal stability of fiber. Grafting also affected slightly the fiber morphology. The experimental data of mechanical properties show clearly that by increasing of grafting yield, max extension will decrease. Grafting of poly AA improved water absorption.
Hochfrequenzschweißen von Feinblech aus mikrolegiertem Stahl mit integrierter thermomechanischer Nahtbehandlung
Authors: Wesling V. , Schram A. , Wiche H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDargestellt werden die Verbindungseigenschaften von konduktiv hochfrequenzgeschweißten Feinblechen aus dem mikrolegierten Stahl H340LA. Im Fokus stehen hierbei insbesondere die statische Festigkeit sowie die Dauerfestigkeit. Des Weiteren wird die Möglichkeit einer prozessintegrierten thermomechanischen Behandlung der Schweißnaht vorgestellt und ihr Einfluss auf die Umformeigenschaften der Schweißnaht analysiert.
Design of Optimal Sequential Experiments to Improve Model Predictions from a Polyethylene Molecular Weight Distribution Model
Authors: Thompson Duncan E. , McAuley Kim B. , McLellan P. James 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReliable model predictions require an appropriate model structure and also good parameter estimates. For good parameter estimates to be obtained, it is important that the data used in parameter estimation are informative. Alphabet‐optimal experimental designs can be used to ensure that new experiments are as informative as possible. This work presents the development of D‐ and A‐optimal sequential experimental designs for improving parameter precision in a molecular‐weight‐distribution model for Ziegler‐Natta‐catalyzed polyethylene. Novel V‐optimal designs techniques are developed to improve the precision of model predictions, and anticipated benefits are quantified. Problems with local minima are discussed and comparisons between the optimality criteria are made.magnified image
Neighborhood search heuristics for selecting hierarchically well‐formulated subsets in polynomial regression
Authors: Brusco Michael J. , Steinley Douglas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe importance of subset selection in multiple regression has been recognized for more than 40 years and, not surprisingly, a variety of exact and heuristic procedures have been proposed for choosing subsets of variables. In the case of polynomial regression, the subset selection problem is complicated by two issues: (1) the substantial growth in the number of candidate predictors, and (2) the desire to obtain hierarchically well‐formulated subsets that facilitate proper interpretation of the regression parameter estimates. The first of these issues creates the need for heuristic methods that can provide solutions in reasonable computation time; whereas the second requires innovative neighborhood search approaches that accommodate the hierarchical constraints. We developed tabu search and variable neighborhood search heuristics for subset selection in polynomial regression. These heuristics are applied to a classic data set from the literature and, subsequently, evaluated in a simulation study using synthetic data sets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Solid state photopolymerization of acrylic acid at low temperature
Authors: Dai Mingzhi , Xiao Ming , Xiao Pu , Nie Jun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNear‐infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the kinetic characteristics of acrylic acid photopolymerized at −70°C and room temperature, respectively. The obtained results showed that at −70°C the double bond conversion increased with increase in the initiator's concentration. Addition of soft chain component polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) could lead to high conversion in the solid state, and then high final double bond conversion after post‐curing. The introduction of water at low temperature also contributed largely to the enhancement in the initial and final double bond conversion in solid state. SEM photographs showed that more pores came up in the cured films with the increase in the water content in the reaction system. The change in the photoinitiator concentration, amount of PEG400, and content of water had significant effect on samples cured at lower temperature than at room temperature under the same conditions. Different kinds of photoinitiators showed different contributions to the initial and final double bond conversion on photopolymerization of acrylic acid at low temperature. Significant post‐curing phenomena for photopolymerization of acrylic acid at low temperature could be observed as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of fluorine containing hybrid coatings: investigation of coating performance onto ABS and PMMA substrates
Authors: Kahraman Memet Vezir , Akdemir Zümrüt Seden , Kartal İlyas , Kayaman‐Apohan Nilhan , Güngör Atilla 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUV‐curable fluorinated organic–inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared by the sol–gel technique. Perfluorinated urethane modified alkoxysilane was synthesized by the reaction between perfluoro alcohol and 3‐isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane. The prepared formulations were applied onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) panels and polymerized by UV‐curing. The properties of the hybrid coatings such as hardness, chemical resistance, thermal stability, surface morphology, double bond conversion, and also contact angle measurements were investigated. Contact angle measurements have shown that the addition of fluorinated silane precursor to the hybrid system improved the water repellency and increased the contact angle from 65° to 106°. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fly ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in NR/CR vulcanizates under thermal and thermal‐oil ageing
Authors: Kongvasana Napalai , Kositchaiyong Apisit , Wimolmala Ekachai , Sirisinha Chakrit , Sombatsompop Narongrit 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe loading effect of precipitated silica (PSi) and fly ash‐based silica (FASi) on mechanical properties of natural rubber/chloroprene (NR/CR) under thermal and thermal‐oil ageing was investigated with variation in NR content in the NR/CR blends. The selected results were compared with vulcanized NR/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blends. The cure time of CR vulcanizate was found to decrease with increasing NR content, but increased with silica fillers. The Mooney viscosity for CR vulcanizates reduced with increasing NR content. The addition of NR had no effect on tensile modulus and tensile strength for the FASi filled NR/CR, but the opposite trend was observed for the PSi filled NR/CR. The post‐curing effect was more significant in PSi filled NR/CR than in FASi filled NR/CR. The tensile strength of the NR/CR vulcanizates was slightly reduced after thermal ageing especially at high NR content, more extreme reduction being found by thermal‐oil ageing. The elongation at break of NR/CR with both silica fillers ranged from 400 to 900%. The hardness results were similar to the tensile modulus. The addition of PSi in NR/CR considerably increased the tear strength, but less pronounced effect was found for FASi. The resilience properties of NR/CR tended to decrease with increasing silica content. The compression set became poorer when NR content was increased. The PSi showed higher improvement in compression set than the FASi. The effects of silica and ageing on the mechanical properties for NR/CR vulcanizates were similar to those for NR/NBR vulcanizates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperechoic congenital lung lesions in a non‐selected population: from prenatal detection till perinatal management
Authors: Lecomte Bénédicte , Hadden Hélène , Coste Karen , Gallot Denis , Laurichesse Hélène , Lemery Didier , Scheye Thierry , Dechelotte Pierre , Labbé André 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo present longitudinal observations of hyperechoic lung lesions (HLL) in a non‐selected population from the time of prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound (US) until postnatal surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all fetuses diagnosed with an HLL between 1990 and 2005 in our Fetal Medicine Unit.ResultsWe observed 21 cases of HLL. Among the 17 fetuses with unilateral lesion, two cyst punctures were attempted on fetuses with signs of fetal compromise. Termination of pregnancy (TOP) was performed on seven fetuses. Fourteen fetuses were followed till birth. First Chest X‐ray was abnormal in ten cases, while delayed CT scans revealed a lung lesion in 12 cases. Two neonates required emergency surgery and died post operatively. Surgery was successfully performed in all other cases (n = 10). Pathological examination revealed congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, CHAOS (n = 4), lower airway stenosis (n = 2), bronchogenic cyst (n = 1), congenital lobar emphysema (n = 1), and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, CCAM (n = 11) including two cases associated with a sequestration.ConclusionHLL cover a wide spectrum of lung abnormalities of various severities. Post natal management should always include an early chest X‐ray and CT scan to allow appropriate selection for surgery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical Discharges in Polar Organic Liquids
Authors: Thagard Selma Mededovic , Takashima Kazunori , Mizuno Akira 
Published: November 2009

AbstractElectrical discharges in water for pollutant degradation have been studied intensively, but there are almost no studies on electrical discharges in organic solvents. In this study, three separate experiments are conducted in relatively polar organic solvents: diamond‐like carbon (DLC) film synthesis, ammonia production, and hydrogen generation from methanol. The synthesis of DLC is attempted by conducting electrical discharge in four different organic liquids: acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Ammonia production is reported from both acetonitrile/water mixtures and hydrogen and methanol in the presence of nitrogen, although higher yields are measured from acetonitrile. Hydrogen production by electrical discharge from varying methanol/water mixtures is studied and the major liquid‐ and gas‐phase byproducts of methanol decomposition are identified.magnified image
Lung clearance index: Normal values, repeatability, and reproducibility in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Fuchs Susanne I. , Eder Johannes , Ellemunter Helmut , Gappa Monika 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is increasing interest in using the Multiple Breath Washout technique and the lung clearance index (LCI) for detecting early pulmonary changes, for example, in cystic fibrosis lung disease. However, there are still limited data regarding equipment specific reference ranges, repeatability and reproducibility. The aim of this prospective study was to assess within‐test repeatability, short term reproducibility and long term reproducibility, and to establish normal values for the LCI in healthy children and adolescents using the sidestream ultrasonic flow sensor (EasyOne Pro, MBW Module, ndd Medical Technologies, Switzerland). Fourty‐four volunteers (5.3–20.3 years) were recruited for the 1st test. Twenty‐two out of 44 were measured on a 2nd test occasion after an interval of 1 hr (2nd test). Thirty‐four out of 44 agreed to come back for a follow up test 6–15 months later (3rd test). Mean LCI (SD) was 6.2 (0.4), 6.3 (0.4), and 6.0 (0.4) at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd test. The upper limit of normal was 7.0 for all subjects. Within‐test repeatability was 5.1%. Short‐term reproducibility (1st test vs. 2nd test) was 4.2% with a mean difference of −0.13 (95% CI −0.350; 0.087). Long‐term reproducibility (1st test vs. 3rd test) was 5.1%, with a mean difference of 0.017 (95% CI −0.016; 0.348). With this low variability of the LCI for both, within and between tests, our study demonstrates reliability and robustness of equipment, protocol and analysis and the reliability of the MBW technique in general. The present data will help to interpret the effect of therapeutic interventions and interpretation of longitudinal data in patients with pulmonary diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1180–1185. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric parapneumonic pleural effusion: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and microbiological diagnosis
Authors: Hernández‐Bou Susanna , García‐García Juan José , Esteva Cristina , Gené Amadeu , Luaces Carles , Almagro Carmen Muñoz 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years an increase in the incidence and severity of parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) in pediatric populations has been observed. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the main causal agent. New molecular and antigen techniques have increased the microbiological diagnosis of this pathology.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PPE in our population.Patients and MethodsProspective study of patients under the age of 18 years admitted for PPE in a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital in Barcelona (Spain) between September 2003 and December 2006.ResultsOne hundred ninety cases of PPE were diagnosed. The annual incidence of PPE in the population under 18 years of age increased from 19.9 cases per 100,000 in 2004 to 35.2 per 100,000 in 2006. S. pneumoniae was the main causal agent identified: 82.9% of the 21.6% patients with positive culture. Non‐vaccine serotypes (NVS) predominated (81.5%), and serotype 1 was responsible for 38.5% of cases. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect S. pneumoniae increased etiological diagnosis from 21.6% to 42.1%. Antigen assays used to detect pneumococcus in pleural fluid demonstrated 87.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity when PCR was used as the gold standard.ConclusionsThere has been an increase in the incidence of PPE that parallels the increase in CAP. S. pneumoniae remains the principal causal agent, and NVS clearly predominate. The use of PCR to detect S. pneumoniae substantially increases etiologic diagnosis. The use of antigen assays to detect pneumococcus in pleural fluid is a quick and sensitive diagnostic method, and thus a valid alternative to PCR. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1192–1200. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.