bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of resistance to insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller from orchards
Authors: Pree D.J. , Whitty K.J. , Pogoda M.K. , Bittner L.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe occurrence and distribution of resistance to insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), from apple, Malus × domestica Borkhauser (Rosaceae), and pear, Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae), orchards in the various production areas of southern Ontario were assessed in the laboratory and field from 1993 to 1999. Laboratory bioassays were conducted with neonate larvae from the first laboratory generation. Responses of populations from commercial orchards where control failures had occurred or where populations were large or damaging were compared with populations from unsprayed wild hosts. Resistance to azinphosmethyl and to pyrethroids and methomyl was identified in populations from all areas. Resistance levels ranged from 4- to 27-fold for azinphosmethyl, 4- to 8-fold for cypermethrin (a representative pyrethroid), and 3- to 5-fold for methomyl. In the field, deltamethrin was more effective than azinphosmethyl against a population resistant to both insecticides. Resistance to azinphosmethyl was unstable and rapidly declined in a population newly established in the laboratory and not selected with azinphosmethyl. After selection for nine generations, resistance declined only slowly when selection pressure was removed for four generations. This instability may be exploited in the management of resistance, but the possible cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and pyrethroids needs clarification.
Revision of species of the “Oligia” semicana group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with descriptions of a new genus and 12 new species
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Lafontaine J. Donald 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe name Neoligiagen.nov. is proposed for the “Oligia” semicana (Walker) species group in North America and 12 species, N. rubirena sp.nov., N. pagosa sp.nov., N. hardwicki sp.nov., N. inermis sp.nov., N. invenusta sp.nov., N. albirena sp.nov., N. lancea sp.nov., N. elephas sp.nov., N. lillooet sp.nov., N. surdirena sp.nov., N. canadensis sp.nov., and N. atlantica sp.nov. are described. Hadenella laevigata Smith is synonymized (synonymy restored) under Hadena tonsa Grote and Hadena hausta Grote is synonymized (synonymy restored) under Miana semicana Walker. Adults of all species are illustrated as well as male and female genitalia, where known.
Cost and benefit of ant attendance forAphis craccivora(Hemiptera: Aphididae) with reference to aphid colony size
Authors: Katayama Noboru , Suzuki Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHoneydew utilization by the antLasius nigerL. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), honeydew excretion cost for the aphidAphis craccivoraKoch, and ant protection service for aphids against the lady beetleCoccinella septempunctataL. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined in a laboratory. The duration of honeydew utilization by ants increased with increase in aphid density. The presence of ants shortened the residence time of the lady beetle larva on a plant and reduced the proportion of aphids eaten. At a density of 5 aphids per plant, one aphid with ants excreted honeydew at a frequency two times higher than that of an aphid without ants, but not at a density of 100 aphids per plant. Therefore, a larger aphid colony may increase the benefit and decrease the cost of ant attendance.
Genus Tinotus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from America north of Mexico: review of the types, distribution records, and key to species
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Pelletier Georges , Sweeney Jon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tinotus Sharp of America north of Mexico are reviewed. Five species are recognized: T. caviceps Casey, T. imbricatus Casey, T. morion (Gravenhorst), T. parvicornis Casey, and T. trisectus Casey. The genus Tinotus is recorded from Canada for the first time and is represented in the country by two previously unrecorded species: T. morion (Gravenhorst), introduced from the Palearctic region, and T. caviceps Casey, described from Nevada and subsequently reported from California, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, and Montana. Tinotus morion was previously listed in North America from Connecticut and Nevada (unverified records), but until now it was unknown from Canada. Here it is reported as new for New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Tinotus caviceps is found for the first time in southern Quebec where it probably reaches its northern distribution limit. The following synonymies are established, with the first names being valid: T. caviceps Casey (= T. pallidus Casey), T. imbricatus Casey (= T. amplus Notman, T. brunnipes Notman), T. parvicornis Casey (= T. planulus Notman), and T. trisectus Casey (= T. binarius Casey, T. brunneus Casey, and T. lateralis Notman). A new lectotype is designated for T. brunnipes Notman. The lectotype specimens have been dissected and their genital features illustrated. Diagnoses, illustrations, and a key to identify species from America north of Mexico are provided.
Nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Pronier I. , Paré J. , Wissocq J-C , Vincent C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA virus isolated from obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), larvae collected in an apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), orchard of Saint-Joseph-du-Lac (Quebec, Canada) was studied. Microscopic studies revealed that it was a uninucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus from the family Baculoviridae. Larval mortality was approximately 75% (0% mortality in control group) in larvae infected as third instars immersed in a suspension of 1.7 × 108 occlusion bodies/mL. The average time for larval mortality was 23 ± 3 d after treatment. The majority (95.5%) of infected larvae died as fifth or sixth instars. Infection was observed primarily in fat body cells, and occasionally in the tracheal matrix and epidermis. Mean larval development time of infected larvae surviving to pupae was 20 ± 3 d, significantly greater than the 18 ± 3 d observed in control larvae. Adult emergence was significantly lower in pupae of treated larvae (73.6%) than in the control group (93.5%). Our work constitutes the first baseline study of naturally occurring virus of the obliquebanded leafroller.
Pheromone content of azinphosmethyl-susceptible and -resistant obliquebanded leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as a function of time of day and female age
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf M. , Trimble R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of time of day and age on the amounts and ratios of four pheromone compounds [(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Al)] was compared in azinphosmethyl-susceptible (susceptible) and -resistant (resistant) female obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The amounts of all four pheromone compounds varied during the hour before and five hours after the onset of scotophase. The glands of resistant females contained approximately one half the amount of Z11-14:Ac and Z11-14:OH as the glands of susceptible females during the second and third hours of scotophase, and between 50 and 70% as much Z11-14:Al as the glands of susceptible females during the hour before and second to fourth hours of scotophase. The glands of susceptible and resistant females contained similar amounts of E11-14:Ac. The relative amounts of each of the four pheromone compounds were affected by time of day but not by resistance status. There was a negative linear relationship between the amounts of each of the four compounds and female age in both types of females. The amounts of Z11-14:Ac and E11-14:Ac declined at similar rates with age in susceptible and resistant females; the amounts of Z11-14:OH and Z11-14:Al declined more rapidly with age in susceptible than in resistant females. The relative amounts of the four compounds were not affected by female age. Temporal variation in the relative amounts of pheromone in susceptible and resistant C. rosaceana may be associated with similar variation in the emission of pheromone and corresponding temporal variation in the relative attractiveness of the two types of females.
Sex attractants and seasonal flight patterns for three Eucosma (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) species sympatric in eastern pine seed orchards and plantations
Authors: Grant G.G. , de Groot P. , Langevin D. , Katovich S.A. , Slessor K.N. , Miller W.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSex attractant blends were developed for monitoring three conifer-feeding species of Eucosma Hübner found in pine seed orchards and plantations in Wisconsin and Ontario. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, which attacks developing cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae), preferred lures containing 100:5:15 (μg blend) of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac), (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol (Z9-12:OH), respectively, over lures without the alcohol or with higher levels of E9-12:Ac. This blend was unattractive to sympatric Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, a species that feeds inside shoots of red pine and eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. Eucosma gloriola was attracted to a 100:30 blend of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no significant effect. Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, which attacks cones of eastern white pine, was attracted equally to 10:3 and 10:5 μg blends of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no effect. A ratio as low as 1:0.3 was attractive to E. tocullionana but not to sympatric E. gloriola, which preferred a 100-fold higher dosage of the same blend. The seasonal flight periods of the three species overlapped in all study areas. The flight of E. gloriola usually peaked in late May slightly before that of E. monitorana while the flight of E. tocullionana peaked about 1–3 weeks later. The results indicate that sex pheromones, seasonal flight periods, and host preferences are isolating mechanisms for these closely related sympatric species.
Morphometric study of the Pissodes strobi complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Williams Daryl J.M. , Langor David W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphometric data were collected on 15 characters in adults of the species of the Pissodes strobi complex (P. nemorensis (Germar), P. schwarzi Hopkins, P. strobi (Peck), and P. terminalis Hopping). Data were examined using stepwise discriminant analysis to determine if all characters contribute significantly to the diagnosis of taxa, and their relative amounts of resolving power were illuminated using canonical variates analysis. Discriminant functions were generated to diagnose species. Separate discriminant functions were generated for each sex for populations from eastern and western North America. Significant sexual dimorphism and variability in body size decrease the utility of morphological characters for diagnosis, but did not prevent the formulation of useful discriminant functions, particularly when selected ratios that control for body size were added.
Chromosome number in Dendroctonus micans and karyological divergence within the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Zúñiga Gerardo , Salinas-Moreno Yolanda , Hayes Jane L. , Grégoire Jean Claude , Cisneros Ramón 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe meiotic formula of the European spruce beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), is 10 AA + Xyp in males and 10 AA + XX in females. This karyotype is different from the morphologically similar Dendroctonus punctatus LeConte (14 AA + Xyp), which is consistent with the taxonomic validity of both species. The chromosome number found in D. micans, added to karyological data from other species of the genus Dendroctonus Erichson, suggest that the karyological diversification within this genus may have occurred in two directions: one toward more southerly latitudes in North America and the other toward Europe and Asia.
Identification of sex-pheromone components for Acleris fimbriana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Liu Y-X , Meng X-Z 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour compounds were identified from female sex-pheromone gland extracts of Acleris fimbriana Merick, an important pest in northern fruit orchards of China, by gas chromatography, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, and flight-tunnel and field-trapping tests. These compounds were (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald), (E)-11,13-tetradecadien-1-ol (E11,13-14:OH), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), and (E)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate (E11,13-14:Ac). In field-trapping tests, traps baited with E11,13-14:Ald alone produced the highest trap captures of male A. fimbriana, but the other three individual compounds did not capture any mates. Addition of E11,13-14:Ac to E11,13-14:Ald enhanced trap capture, whereas addition of E11-14:Ac had no effect. A ternary blend of E11,13-14:Ald, E11,13-14:Ac, and E11-l4:Ac in a 6:4:1 ratio captured 7.5 times mean males per trap than virgin females. E11,13-14:OH inhibited trap capture when it was added to E11,13-14:Ald or the ternary blend. This pheromone could be used to monitor populations of A. fimbriana and to control this important pest of fruits in China.
Nomenclature of African Psilini (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and status of Coptera robustior, a parasitoid of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Yoder Matthew J. , Wharton Robert A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe African psiline Coptera silvestrii var. robustior (Silvestri) is elevated to species status. Both males and females of it and of Coptera silvestrii silvestrii (Kieffer) are redescribed. Lectotypes for both species arc designated. Coptera magnificus (Nixon) is recognized as a junior subjective synonym of C. robustior (new status). The status of Coptera silvestrii nigricornis (Nixon) is reviewed. Six additional psiline species, all originally described in the genus Galesus Haliday, are transferred to the genus Coptrera Say, where they form the following new combinations:Coptera elgoni (Risbec. 1950): Coptera macrophtalma (Risbec, 1950); Coptera ornata (Risbec, 1950); Coptera microphtalma (Risbec, 1950); Coptera bignonae (Risbec, 1954); and Coptera toboi (Risbec, 1954).
Potential impact of spinosad on parasitoids of Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Mason P.G. , Erlandson M.A. , Elliott R.H. , Harris B.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of the biologically derived insecticide spinosad on parasitoids of Mamestra configurata Walker were studied. Adult Trichogramma inyoense Pinto and Oatman (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid, were as susceptible to a dose of 0.125 μg/cm2 as they were to a high dose of 2.0 μg/cm2. Application of spinosad to host eggs at the time of oviposition resulted in significantly reduced T. inyoense parasitism and higher parasitoid mortality in parasitized eggs. Adult Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid, were highly susceptible at the highest dose tested, 1.0 μg/cm2. Spinosad at 2.0 μg/cm2 fed to larval M. configurata parasitized with M. mediator 1 and 7 d previous caused similar mortality to that for nonparasitized larvae. At a dose of 0.125 μg/cm2, only larvae parasitized 1 d previously showed mortalities similar to those of nonparasitized larvae, whereas larvae parasitized 7 d previously were not affected by this low dose. Larval M. mediator that egressed from hosts parasitized 7 d previously and treated with the low dose were unable to complete cocoon formation and died. This study suggests that integrated pest management programs for M. configurata in canola should include evaluating the presence and abundance of parasitoids.
Field testing of synthetic attractants for male Grapholita libertina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Hillier N.K. , Dixon P.L. , Seabrook W.D. , Larson D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn an effort to develop an efficient monitoring method for the lingonberry fruitworm, Grapholita libertina Heinrich, an economically important pest of lingonberries, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd. (Ericaceae), in Newfoundland, various known sex attractants for other species of the genus Grapholita Treitschke were evaluated for their ability to attract G. libertina moths in field trials in eastern Newfoundland. The chemicals tested were (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate (EE8,10-12:Ac), (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate (E8-12:Ac), (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z8-12:Ac), and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8-12:OH). Field trials in 1996 showed highest attraction to E8-12:Ac, with Z8-12:Ac and Z8-12:OH also being attractive. Trials in 1997 demonstrated that a blend of E8-12:Ac, Z8-12:Ac, and Z8-12:OH at a ratio of 85:10:5, respectively, was attractive to G. libertina males. All chemicals captured significantly more moths than did controls and all moths examined were males indicating these chemicals may be constituents of the naturally occurring female sex pheromone.
Screening of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) isolates against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Todorova Silvia I. , Coderre Daniel , Vincent Charles , Côté Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwenty-three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin from different hosts and geographical origins were evaluated under laboratory conditions for various aspects of virulence against 2- to 3-d-old third instars of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), a pest of apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), and several other orchard crops in North America. When submerged in a solution containing 107 conidia/mL, all B. bassiana isolates caused more than 66% larval and pupal mortality 60 d following treatment. Isolates 14, 16, 1525, 2727, and 2990 caused the highest (80–89%) larval and pupal mortality against C. rosaceana. Relative to the control, isolate 63 significantly increased and isolate 44860 significantly decreased larval development time. Isolates 37, 2727, and 2990 significantly decreased C. rosaceana pupal weight. Isolates 139, 2727, and 2990 significantly decreased the number of emerging females. In view of their larvicidal effects, as well as their carry-over effects on pupae and adult females, isolates 2727 and 2990 showed the best mycoinsecticidal potential against C. rosaceana.
Modelling seasonality of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), to evaluate probability of its persistence in novel environments
Authors: Régnière J. , Nealis V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe predictions of three published models of temperature-dependent egg hatch of the European strain of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., were compared with observed hatch rates of caged egg masses in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Two of the three models gave a good fit to observations. Both of these models considered explicitly the period between oviposition in the summer of one year and hatch of neonates the following spring. When combined with models for temperature-dependent development of larvae and pupae, and adult longevity, the seasonal life history of an entire generation of gypsy moth could be simulated. These composite models predict the seasonal occurrence of all life stages of the insect. The simulated flight period of adult male gypsy moth on Vancouver Island in 1998 compared favourably with observed captures in pheromone traps. A series of gypsy moth generations was simulated using daily temperature inputs reconstructed from climatic normals (period 1961–1990) at various locations on the south coast and southern interior of British Columbia where gypsy moth has been frequently introduced but is not established. These simulations provided estimates of the probability of a persistent population resulting from a predicted stable seasonality of the gypsy moth. The highest probabilities of persistence were in coastal areas along the Strait of Georgia between Vancouver Island and the continental mainland and in southern interior valleys below approximately 500-m elevation (above sea level). Outside these regions, normal climatic profiles resulted in an unstable seasonality for gypsy moth with increasingly late oviposition dates, and subsequent problems in synchronizing initiation and completion of winter diapause with appropriate ambient conditions. The phenology models discussed here can be and were used as decision-support tools either to improve the efficiency of pest management operations (sampling, pesticide applications) or to make better decisions concerning the need for eradication of the gypsy moth in novel environments.
Oviposition deterrence against Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in spring wheat (Gramineae)
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Wise I.L. , Smith M.A.H. , McKenzie R.I.H. , Thomas J. , Olfert O.O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpring wheats, Triticum aestivum L., previously identified as being lightly infested by eggs or larvae of wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were tested to determine if reduced infestation was the result of oviposition deterrence. Oviposition deterrence was measured as the number of eggs deposited on a wheat line relative to that on a check. Egg densities on some of these lines were 10% or less compared with the susceptible commercial cultivar 'Roblin' in choice tests and 20% or less in no-choice tests in the laboratory. These lines also deterred oviposition in the field, reducing egg densities by at least 50% in single-row and multi-row field plots. Other experimental lines showed levels of oviposition deterrence intermediate between the most deterrent lines and 'Roblin'. One of 12 commercial cultivars tested, 'AC Superb', also had low egg densities in the laboratory and in single-row field tests, but this possible oviposition deterrence was not consistently present in large plots or commercial fields. The most deterrent experimental lines showed a level of oviposition deterrence that would be agriculturally useful and desirable in combination with a previously described antibiotic resistance.
Daily oviposition pattern of Lambdina fiscellaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Berthiaume Richard , Hébert Christian , Lamontagne Luc , Picard Isabelle , Bauce Éric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria, is one of the most economically damaging defoliators of North American coniferous forests. Basic information on its reproductive biology is an essential prerequisite for understanding its population dynamics. Realized fecundity for the two major hemlock looper ecotypes varies along a latitudinal gradient in eastern Canada, but their daily oviposition patterns are similar. Mated females lay eggs after a short pre-oviposition period, with daily oviposition peaking in the first 3 days. Mated females lay significantly more eggs than unmated ones, the latter laying their eggs more evenly throughout their life. Eggs deposited early in the oviposition period are larger than those deposited near the end. This may influence over-winter survival of hemlock loopers and should be considered in studies to better understand the population dynamics and improve management of this defoliator.
Phytomyza petoei (Diptera: Agromyzidae), a leaf miner on cultivated mint, newly recorded in the Nearctic Region
Authors: Boucher Stéphanie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Palaearctic species Phytomyza petoei Hering is newly recorded in the Nearctic Region. The specimens were reared from cultivated mint, Menthacf. × piperita L. (Lamiaceae), in eastern Canada. This is the first Nearctic record of a Phytomyza species feeding on mint.