bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of the feline AB blood group system
Authors: Griot‐Wenk M. , Chisholm‐Chait A. , Giger U. , Pahlsson P. , Spitalnik P. F. , Spitalnik S. L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe biochemical nature of the feline AB blood group system was characterized by analysing red blood cells from homozygous (genotype A/A) and heterozygous (A/B) type A, type B (B/B), and type AB cats. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) of red cell gly‐colipids revealed that specific neuraminic acids (NA) on gangliosides, containing ceramide dihexoside (CDH) as a backbone, correlated with the feline AB blood group antigens. Although disialogangliosides predominated, mono‐ and trisialogangliosides were also isolated. B cats expressed solely N‐acetyl‐NA (NeuNAc) on these gangliosides. In addition to expressing N‐glycolyl‐NA (NeuNGc) containing gangliosides, A red cells have gangliosides with only NeuNAc or mixtures of both NA. HPTLC profiles of disialogangliosides from homozygous and heterozygous A cats differed slightly in the quantity of disialogangliosides. Equal amounts of NeuNAc and NeuNGc containing disialogangliosides, as well as two intermediary forms, were recovered from AB erythrocytes. Analysing disialogangliosides from red cells belonging to 17 genetically related cats, we consistently obtained the expected disialoganglio‐side profile, based on blood typing and pedigree information. SDS‐PAGE of red cell membrane proteins and blotting withTriticum vulgaris, a lectin recognizing NeuNAc, revealed glycoproteins of approximately 51, 53, and 80 kD in B and AB cats but only a faint band of approximately 53 kD in A cats. By haemagglutination,Triticum vulgariscould also distinguish different blood types by specifically binding to B and AB cells. Flow cytometry showed that more anti‐B bound to B cells than anti‐A bound to A cells. Although AB cells had a broad range of fluorescence when compared to the profiles seen with A and B cells, the mean fluorescence with AB cells was half of that seen with A or B. These results further characterize the antigens determining the feline AB blood group system illustrating differences between A, B and AB cats, and between homozygous and heterozygous A cats.
Short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) sequences of the Bovidae
Authors: Lenstra J A , van Boxtel J A F , Zwaagstra K A , Schwerin M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDNA sequences from Bovidae (cattle, goats and sheep) in the EMBL nucleotide database contain several short interspersed repeated sequences (SINEs). Three different SINEs have been found: Bov‐A2, containing two 115‐bp A elements; Bov‐tA, a tRNA pseudogene coupled to an A element; and Bov‐B of 560 bp or less and partially homologous to the A element. Bov‐A2, Bov‐tA and Bov‐B occupy about 1.8%, 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively, of the bovine genome as represented in the nucleotide database. Apart from a tRNA‐like sequence in both Bov‐tA and the porcine SINEs, there was no similarity with the porcine SINEs. Apparently, the artiodactyle SINEs were established after the divergence leading to the Suidae and Bovidae but before the radiation within these families. Oligonucleotides were designed for a specific amplification of DNA from Bovidae.
Assignment of the gene for porcine insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) to chromosome 5 by linkage mapping
Authors: Winterø A K , Fredholm M , Andersson L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInvestigation of published sequence data from the porcine insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, resulted in the detection of a microsatellite in the first intron of the gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers flanking the (CA)19 repeat were constructed. Polymorphism and Mendelian segregation were documented in a three‐generation pedigree and allele frequencies were determined in 74 unrelated animals from four different breeds. Seven alleles were encountered. Linkage analysis was performed in a large pedigree established for gene mapping. Linkage between the IGF1 microsatellite and an anonymous microsatellite marker, S0005, was detected. Furthermore, IGF1 and S0005 was found to be linked to the porcine submaxillary gland mucin (MUC) gene, previously assigned to chromosome 5. The results presented here extend the linkage group on pig chromosome 5 and are in accordance with conserved synteny between human chromosome 12, cattle chromosome 5, mouse chromosome 10 and pig chromosome 5.
Isolation and sequence determination of porcine class II DRB alleles amplified by PCR
Authors: Våge D I , Olsaker I , Lingaas F , Lie Ø 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe first domain exon of a porcine DRB gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the nucleotide sequence was determined. In a material consisting of 10 unrelated animals, five different alleles were identified, all probably belonging to a single locus designated DRB1. In addition, a non‐expressed locus, designated DRBP, was coamplified with DRB1. This pseudogene, containing a single base deletion, also exhibited some variation, but at a very restricted level compared with DRB1. In pairwise comparisons of DRB1 alleles, the number of amino acid substitutions ranged between 6 and 21 out of 83 positions compared.
A PCR‐based sex‐determination assay in cattle based on the bovine amelogenin locus
Authors: Ennis S , Gallagher T F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA method for determining the sex of bovine embryos has been established. Primers for a portion of the bovine amelogenin locus (AMX/Y) were used to amplify DNA present in either 0.1 μ1 of blood or biopsies taken from 6–7‐day‐old embryos. The primers amplify a 280 bp band in females and a 280 and 217bp bands in males. The method is rapid, does not require prior purification of DNA and contains an internal control which detects PCR failure.
The bovine butyrophilin gene maps to chromsome 23
Authors: Ashwell M S , Ogg S L , Mather I H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryChromosomal assignment of the bovine butyrophilin gene (BTN) was performed by analysis of DNA from somatic hybrid cell lines using the polymerase chain reaction. The gene was assigned to bovine chromosome 23 using two sets of primers specific for bovine BTN.
Use of chicken microsatellite markers in turkey: a pessimistic view
Authors: Liu Z , Crooijmans R P M A , van der Poel J J , Groenen M A M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEighty‐eight chicken microsatellite markers, previously developed in our laboratory, were tested for their ability to amplify polymorphic fragments using turkey genomic DNA. Amplification products were obtained for 61 chicken microsatellite markers (69.1%) whereas 27 (30.9%) did not give rise to any products, even when different polymerase chain reaction conditions were employed. From the 61 markers that gave a product, only eight showed a length polymorphism while 37 were monomorphic on the three divergent commercial turkey lines used. The remaining 16 markers yielded many unspecific bands and no specific amplification product could be obtained. Five polymorphic and eleven monomorphic products contained a detectable microsatellite repeat. Furthermore, of the markers that detected a polymorphism in turkey, the observed heterozygosity (15–50%) and allelic variation (only 2 in most cases) was very low. Therefore, on the basis of our results, we think that chicken microsatellite markers are not very useful for mapping purposes in turkey.
PCR‐RFLP analysis of the cytochrome b gene in horse mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ishida N , Hasegawa T , Mukoyama H , Oyunsuren T 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe mitochondrial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene in a Thoroughbred horse was determined. By comparing DNA sequences between the Thoroughbred and published sequence data (two horses and one Grevyi zebra), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for amplification of a 590 bp DNA fragment in the cytochrome b gene, and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was studied in 140 horses of six breeds using three restriction enzymes (AciI, BamHI, RsaI). Two morphs were found using each of the three enzymes. By combining three enzymes morphs, the 140 horses examined were classified into four types. Type 2 was most frequent in all breeds.
Single‐parent segregant pools for allocation of markers to a specified chromosomal region in outcrossing species
Authors: Shalom A. , Darvasi A. , Barendse W. , Cheng H. , Soller M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBulked co‐segregant analysis is a method of rapidly allocating unmapped genetic markers to a specific chromosomal region. Although originally developed for utilization in populations derived from crosses between fully inbred lines, it has been proposed that co‐segregant pools could also serve the same purpose in outbreeding populations, if individuals from only a single large family are pooled. Large, fully mapped, single‐sire backcross and half‐sib families are presently available as part of the international chicken and bovine reference family panels respectively. In this study, power and tests of significance for single‐parent co‐segregant analysis are derived for full‐sib, single‐parent back‐cross and single‐parent half‐sib families, as a function of proportion of recombination between index marker and linked marker, proportion of single‐parent alleles among the mates, number of individuals in each segregant pool and technical error variance. Power was found to be greater than 0–80 for many reasonable parameter combinations. The method is illustrated using microsatellite markers and a large single‐sire bovine family, part of the international bovine reference family panel.
PCR amplification of a polymorphic minisatellite VNTR locus in whiting [Merlangius merlangus L.)
Authors: McGregor D. , Galvin P. , Sadusky T. , Cross T. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn approach has been developed for the screening of allelic variation at minisatellite DNA loci that substantially reduces the time and hazards involved. Primers were designed for a minisatellite region isolated from a gadoid fish species [Merlangius merlangus L.), enabling amplification by polymerase chain reaction, so that differences in the number of minisatellite repeat units (allelic variability) were detectable by ethidium bromide fluorescence (over UV light) following separation by agarose gel electrophoresis. This amplifiable minisatellite variable number tandem repeat region, the first non‐primate marker of its kind, can be used successfully with DNA extracted by a rapid Chelex® protocol. From a sample of 97 individuals, 24 alleles were resolved (750–2200 kb) and heterozygosity was estimated at 0–94.
A chicken linkage map based on microsatellite markers genotyped on a Japanese Large Game and White Leghorn cross
Authors: Takahashi H. , Tsudzuki M. , Sasaki O. , Niikura J. , Inoue‐Murayama M. , Minezawa M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA detailed linkage map is necessary for efficient detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in chicken resource populations. In this study, microsatellite markers isolated from a (CA)n‐enriched library (designated as ABR Markers) were mapped using a population developed from a cross between Japanese Game and White Leghorn chickens. In total, 296 markers including 193 ABR, 43 MCW, 31 ADL, 22 LEI, 3 HUJ, 2 GCT, 1 UMA and 1 ROS were mapped by linkage to chicken chromosomes 1–14, 17–21, 23, 24, 26–28 and Z. In addition, five markers were assigned to the map based on the chicken draft genomic sequence, bringing the total number of markers on the map to 301. The resulting linkage map will contribute to QTL mapping in chicken.
Estimation of dispersal distances of the obligately plant‐associated ant Crematogaster decamera
Authors: TÜRKE MANFRED , FIALA BRIGITTE , LINSENMAIR KARL EDUARD , FELDHAAR HEIKE 
Published: July 2010

1. In obligate symbioses with horizontal transmission, the population dynamics of the partner organisms are highly interdependent. Host population size limits symbiont number, and distribution of partners is restricted by the presence and thus dispersal abilities of their respective partner. The Crematogaster decamera–Macaranga hypoleuca ant–plant symbiosis is obligate for both partners. Host survival depends on colonisation by its ant partner while foundress queens require hosts for colony establishment.2. An experimental approach and population genetic analyses were combined to estimate dispersal distances of foundresses in their natural habitat in a Bornean primary rainforest.3. Colonisation frequency was significantly negatively correlated with distance to potential reproductive colonies. Results were similar for seedlings at natural densities as well as for seedlings brought out in the area experimentally. Population genetic analysis revealed significant population differentiation with an FST of 0.041 among foundresses (n = 157) located at maximum 2280 m apart. In genetic spatial autocorrelation, genotypes of foundresses were significantly more similar than expected at random below 550 m and less similar above 620 m. Direct estimation of dispersal distances by pedigree analysis yielded an average dispersal distance of 468 m (maximum 1103 m).4. For ants that disperse on the wing, genetic differentiation at such small spatial scales is unusual. The specific nesting requirements of the queens and the necessity for queens to find a host quickly could lead to colonisation of the first suitable seedling encountered, promoting short dispersal distances. Nonetheless, dispersal distances of C. decamera queens may vary with habitat or host spatial distribution.
EPR study of thermally generated free radicals in nuts
Authors: Yordanov Nicola D. , Mladenova Ralitsa 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEPR studies of free radicals generated in roasting process of peanut, almond, walnut and apricot are reported separately for the kernels and flakes. The raw flakes exhibit a weak singlet EPR signal, whereas raw kernels are EPR silent. Two different EPR signals are recorded in the course of roasting. One in flakes with g = 2.0040, which is independent of temperature and time of roasting and is attributed to C‐centered free radical. The same C‐centered (g = 2.0040) free radical is recorded at high temperature (>140 °C) and for extended time (>20 min) of roasted kernels connected with burning of the material. However, an O‐centered (g = 2.0048) free radical of ‘lipid’ type appears in kernels at roasting temperature of 100–140 °C and short time (5–20 min). On the contrary, free radical concentration in kernels and flakes increases with increase in roasting temperature and decreases with the time after that. The kinetics of the decay of free radicals concentration in flakes and kernels is followed at room temperature under the storage environment (air or argon).
Fusarium DNA traceability along the bread production chain
Authors: Terzi Valeria , Morcia Caterina , Faccioli Primetta , Faccini Nadia , Rossi Vittorio , Cigolini Manuela , Corbellini Maria , Scudellari Diego , Delogu Giovanni 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWheat grain contamination with toxigenic Fusarium spp. is of great economic concern to cereal producers and to the grain processing industry and is of great relevance for the quality and safety of the final products. In particular, the bread production chain can potentially be a vehicle for mycotoxin ingestion above the tolerable total daily intake. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based analytical approach has been developed as a possible tool to estimate and control the risk of mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON). This DNA‐based analytical method has been applied to detect and quantify contamination levels of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum in naturally infected wheat grain samples. The persistence of Fusarium contamination was also detected along the bread production chain in wholemeal, flour and bread. A significant correlation was found between Fusarium DNA and DON concentration in all samples.
Characteristics of some nutritional composition of melon (Cucumis melo hybrid ‘ChunLi’) seeds
Authors: Mian‐hao Hu , Yansong Ao 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeeds from a melon hybrid ‘ChunLi’ were analysed for their proximate composition. The seeds contained high percentages of lipids (35.36%) and proteins (29.90%). Hexane‐extracted oil had acid, peroxide, iodine and saponification values of 1.51, 3.95, 89.5 and 226.73, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil revealed the presence of twenty‐five fatty acids varying from C4 to C24 with the exception of C5, C7, C11 and C19. The concentrations of individual fatty acids varied from trace quantities to about 54.8%. Linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids were the principal fatty acids contributing to 53.9%, 12.1%, 23.9% and 5.7%, respectively, of the total fatty acids which had a relatively high percentage (67.5%) of unsaturated fatty acids. Seed proteins were rich in arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids while limiting amino acids were methionine and lysine.
Canonical correlation: a multivariate technique to determine the contribution of various dependent and independent variables
Authors: Butt Masood S. , Shahzadi Naureen , Sharif Mian K. , Nasir Muhammad 
Published: July 2010

SummaryComposite flour chapaties were prepared by blending wheat, guar gum, lentil and chickpea flours in different proportions to evaluate their hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic worth because of their fibre content. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that dietary fibre and intestine length contributed negatively, while peroxide value (POV) contributed positively to the serum cholesterol and glucose. Likewise, for total chapati scores, dough stability and phytic acid showed inverse contribution, while folding ability, dough development time, dietary fibre, POV, crude fibre and texture performed positively. The canonical correlation was applied to develop a model between two groups of variables, where the first group comprised three dependent variables, i.e. total chapati scores, cholesterol and glucose and the second set comprised thirteen independent variables, i.e. crude fibre, POV, phytic acid, dietary fibre, dough development time, dough stability, feed intake, intestine length, low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, albumin, texture and folding ability. The selection of independent variables was based on the significant chemical, rheological, sensory and efficacy characteristics in a multiple stepwise regression. The value of coefficient of determination for dietary fibre of the flour samples was observed to be 0.99749 indicating that 99.74% of the variation in dietary fibre can be explained by all other variables in the second set. However, 17.35% and 4.83% of variation in total chapati scores and cholesterol levels, respectively, can be explained by the entire variables in the first group, while 17.20% of variation in glucose can be explained by all other variables of the first group. The squared multiple regression of each variable in the first set with all the variables in the second set indicated that a 99.97% variation in total chapati scores, cholesterol and glucose is explained by the variables in the second set. The F‐values were significant for total chapati scores, cholesterol and glucose. The results substantiated that all the variables in the second set are important to account for the significant variation for the variables tested in the first set. Canonical analysis revealed the existence of a high correlation between dependent variables and other independent variables.
Effect of using interesterified and non‐interesterified corn and palm oil blends on quality and fatty acid composition of Turkish White cheese
Authors: Javidipour Issa , Tunçtürk Yusuf 
Published: July 2010

SummaryChemically interesterified blends (CIB) and non‐interesterified blends (NIB) of corn and palm oils (75%w/25%w) were studied in the production of Turkish White cheese (TWC) to modify the fatty acid composition of traditional product. Milk fat (3%) was replaced by CIB and NIB for 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. All cheese groups were ripened at 5 °C for 90 days. Samples were taken from each group after 3, 30, 60 and 90 days and analysed for their basic composition, lipolysis and proteolysis. CIB‐incorporated cheeses showed a higher degree of lipolysis than the control sample and the NIB‐incorporated counterparts. Fatty acid composition and sensory properties of the final product showed that the incorporation of CIB and NIB in TWC improved the nutritional content of the product because it altered the fatty acid composition without any adverse effect on sensorial quality. We concluded that in production of TWC, 50% of milk fat could be successfully replaced with CIB and NIB, preferably CIB, because of its superior sensory quality.
Prevention of enzymatic browning of apple cylinders using different solutions
Authors: Tortoe Charles , Orchard John , Beezer Anthony 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInhibition of enzymatic browning and decay on cut surfaces of Golden Delicious apple using ascorbic acid, cysteine, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, citric acid and sodium ascorbate alone or in combinations was investigated at 4 and 10 °C for a storage period of 0, 7 and 14 days, in an attempt to find the most effective treatment. Apple segments immersed in ascorbic acid and citric acid alone showed visual traces of browning after 7 days storage at 4 °C. After 14 days storage, only ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid plus sodium chloride had moderate browning, while all other treatments were severely affected. However, at 10 °C, only ascorbic acid was effective in reducing the level of browning, although its effect was minimal after 14 days storage. Browning was more severe at 10 °C than 4 °C in all solutions. The browning measurement (a* value) became increasingly positive from 7‐ to 14‐day storage. Microbial decay was absent in all treatments within 7 days at 4 and 10 °C. However, three test solutions showed microbial decay after 14 days storage at 10 °C in addition to the control solution, which showed decay at both 4 and 10 °C storage temperatures.
Anti‐oxidant content of different coloured sweet peppers, white, green, yellow, orange and red (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Matsufuji Hiroshi , Ishikawa Keiko , Nunomura Osamu , Chino Makoto , Takeda Mitsuharu 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFive different coloured sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum cv. Signal), white, green, yellow, orange and red were analysed for total carotenoids, α‐tocopherol, sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), organic acids (citric and ascorbic acids) and anti‐oxidant properties. The mature fruits, ‘Signal Red’, ‘Signal Orange’ and ‘Signal Yellow’ contained higher carotenoids, α‐tocopherol, sugars and organic acids than the immature fruits, ‘Signal Green’ and ‘Signal White’. Among the mature fruits, ‘Signal Red’ was the highest in total carotenoids [9.15 mg (100 g)−1 of fresh weight] while ‘Signal Orange’ was the highest in α‐tocopherol [5.40 mg (100 g)−1 of fresh weight]. ‘Signal Red’ and ‘Signal Orange’ contained the most sugars and organic acids. The suppression of 2,2′‐azobis (2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN)‐induced oxidation of methyl linoleate by the acetone extracts from the coloured sweet peppers resulted as follows: ‘Signal Red’ > ‘Signal Orange’ ≈ ‘Signal Yellow’ > ‘Signal Green’ ≈ ‘Signal White’. The order of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the acetone extracts was similar to that of suppression of methyl linoleate oxidation.