bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the SOC-13 in Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Clients: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Lin Chen-Ping , Chiu Chung-Yi , Sung Connie , Lai Justine , Chan Fong , Cardoso Elizabeth da Silva 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe objective of the study was to validate the factorial structure of the short form of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) with a sample of substance abuse clients to facilitate health promotion research with this population in the future. Participants were 406 clients recruited from seven residential therapeutic community programs for the treatment of substance abuse. Four confirmatory factor models were tested: (1) a three-factor correlated model; (2) a two-factor correlated model; (3) a 13-item one-factor model; and (4) a 9-item one-factor model. The results indicated that the data did not fit the three-factor correlated model and the two-factor correlated model, whereas empirical data fits the 13-item one-factor and the 9-item one-factor models reasonably well, with the latter representing a significantly better fit than the former one. These results are consistent with previous studies and reflected a unidimensional factor in the sense of coherence, as opposed to the two or three-factor structure. The SOC-9 has considerable promise as a brief measure of SOC in substance abuse assessment and treatment settings.
Psychosocial Adjustment of People with Chronic Pain: A Conceptual Framework of Risk and Resistance Factors
Authors: Lee Gloria K. , Mercurio-Riley Denise 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purposes of this review article are to gather existing evidence on the contributing factors in affecting the psychosocial adjustment among people with chronic pain, and to promote a comprehensive conceptual framework in this topic by adapting Wallander and colleagues' (1989) Risk and Resistance Model of Adjustment. Our intention is to promote future empirical research that will validate this working conceptual framework and will provide and clinical guidelines for rehabilitation professionals who work with people with chronic pain.
Behavioral and Physiological Response of White Sturgeon to an Electrical Sea Lion Barrier System
Authors: Ostrand Kenneth G. , Simpson William G. , Suski Cory D. , Bryson Amanda J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Action agencies have encouraged the development of a modified electrical fish barrier system to deter upstream movements of California sea lions Zalophus californianus as a means to reduce their predation on returning adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. within rivers along the West Coast of North America. Given that the barrier system does not discriminate which species will experience electrical shock, we studied the potential effects of the sea lion barrier on the survival, behavior, physiology, and injury of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Fish subjected to acute electroshock had high survival (100%). Conversely, fish that became entrained within the electric field and therefore experienced chronic electroshock had lower survival (93%). White sturgeon altered their behavior by spending significantly more time avoiding the area over the barrier when electrical power was applied as compared with controls. Fish that experienced acute electroshock spent more time remaining motionless, presumably recovering from physiological disturbance. Our results indicate that white sturgeon had significantly higher plasma lactate than controls and that lactate remained at elevated levels for at least 4 h after electroshock. Plasma glucose, ion concentrations (chloride, sodium, and potassium), and indicators of cell damage (plasma hemoglobin and enzyme activity of aspartate transaminase) did not differ between electroshocked fish and controls. We did not observe any notable hemorrhages or notochord injuries in white sturgeon that experienced electrical shock. Our results suggest that the location for the electrical barrier system should be rigorously examined before barrier deployment and that the dates, frequency, and duration of use should be further refined to ensure that negative effects on nontarget species such as white sturgeon are minimized.
Chromatographic determination of radiochemical purity
Authors: Herrling P. , Zürn A. , Anders P. , Kotzerke J. , Wunderlich G. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThin layer chromatography is well established for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. A convenient and widely used stationary phase are ITLC SG strips. However, the Pall Corporation stopped manufacturing of the silica gel impregnated glass fibre strips (ITLC SG). Material, Methode: As a replacement we tested silicic acid impregnated glass fibre strips from Varian (ITLC SA) and sufficient mobile phases. Results: The chromatography with these strips takes two to three times longer than with ITLC SG, but it is in an acceptable range. Only three mobile phases are necessary to test most of the common in-house made radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: The proposed method is suitable for routinely measuring the radiochemical purity of radiophamaceuticals.
The Role of Ion Pairs in the Second‐Order NLO Response of 4‐X‐1‐Methylpiridinium Salts
Authors: Tessore Francesca , Cariati Elena , Cariati Franco , Roberto Dominique , Ugo Renato , Mussini Patrizia , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of 4‐X‐1‐methylpyridinium cationic nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores (X=(E)‐CHCHC6H5; (E)‐CHCHC6H4‐4′‐C(CH3)3; (E)‐CHCHC6H4‐4′‐N(CH3)2; (E)‐CHCHC6H4‐4′‐N(C4H9)2; (E,E)‐(CHCH)2C6H4‐4′‐N(CH3)2) with various organic (CF3SO3−, p‐CH3C6H4SO3−), inorganic (I−, ClO4−, SCN−, [Hg2I6]2−) and organometallic (cis‐[Ir(CO)2I2]−) counter anions are studied with the aim of investigating the role of ion pairing and of ionic dissociation or aggregation of ion pairs in controlling their second‐order NLO response in anhydrous chloroform solution. The combined use of electronic absorption spectra, conductimetric measurements and pulsed field gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR experiments show that the second‐order NLO response, investigated by the electric‐field‐induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique, of the salts of the cationic NLO chromophores strongly depends upon the nature of the counter anion and concentration. The ion pairs are the major species at concentration around 10−3 M, and their dipole moments were determined. Generally, below 5×10−4 M, ion pairs start to dissociate into ions with parallel increase of the second‐order NLO response, due to the increased concentration of purely cationic NLO chromophores with improved NLO response. At concentration higher than 10−3 M, some multipolar aggregates, probably of H type, are formed, with parallel slight decrease of the second‐order NLO response. Ion pairing is dependent upon the nature of the counter anion and on the electronic structure of the cationic NLO chromophore. It is very strong for the thiocyanate anion in particular and, albeit to a lesser extent, for the sulfonated anions. The latter show increased tendency to self‐aggregate.
Self‐Diffusion on Au(100): A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Pötting Kay , Schmickler Wolfgang , Jacob Timo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe used density functional theory to detail new self‐diffusion mechanisms on perfect and imperfect Au(100) surfaces. Herein, we report binding energies of stable intermediates and transition states lying on the potential energy surface for these systems. We report migration pathways in the presence of a variety of surface defects and along different step edges, explaining their energetics in terms of chemical bonding. Furthermore, diffusion rate constants are deduced, which are useful for both experimental verification and for implementation into large‐scale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.
Festigkeit und Verformungseigenschaften von Mauerwerk unter Zugbeanspruchung parallel zu den Lagerfugen
Authors: Schubert Peter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDie Zugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk parallel zu den Lagerfugen βZ und wesentliche Verformungseigenschaften wie Spannungs‐Dehnungslinie σ‐ε‐Linie, E‐Modul EZ, Dehnung bei Höchstspannung εu, werden zur Risssicherheitsbeurteilung benötigt. Schädliche Risse im Mauerwerk lassen sich u. a. durch Dehnungsfugen, aber auch durch Lagerfugenbewehrung in einer dehnungsfugenfreien Wand vermeiden [1]. Um die erforderliche Bewehrung zu bestimmen, muss die Mauerwerk‐Zugfestigkeit – möglichst genau – bekannt sein.Die Mauerwerk‐Zugfestigkeit kann experimentell, meistens mit brauchbarer Näherung auch theoretisch, ermittelt werden. Die Prüfverfahren, die verfügbaren Versuchswerte und Berechnungsgleichungen werden dargestellt und kommentiert.
Narrow‐band imaging for detecting early recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yen‐Chun , Wang Wen‐Hung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Detection of early recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is clinically challenging. Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) is powerful in detecting early superficial lesions in the head and neck, although the utility of NBI in detecting nasopharyngeal cancer is still unknown.Methods and Results.We describe a case of a 51‐year‐old man with early recurrent NPC detected in subclinical stage by NBI coupled with conventional endoscopy. MRI revealed no obvious bulging or inward invasion over the nasopharynx. Because of superficial, localized recurrence, we performed laser nasopharyngectomy and his postoperation course was uneventful.Conclusions.We demonstrated that postirradiated NPC in a patient with early recurrence was successfully detected by NBI coupled with conventional endoscopy. NBI endoscopy is a simple, convenient, and reliable tool, and adds additional value to detect local recurrence in the early phase. It may serve as an ideal tool in posttreatment surveillance in a patient with NPC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Intrinsic differences in cisplatin sensitivity of head and neck cancer cell lines: Correlation to lysosomal pH
Authors: Nilsson Cathrine , Roberg Karin , Grafström Roland C. , Öllinger Karin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin treatment is beneficial for approximately 20% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tools to predict the clinical outcome and evaluate intrinsic cisplatin sensitivity are, therefore, required.MethodsCisplatin sensitivity, lysosomal pH, and cell death pathway was studied in 5 HNSCC lines and compared with normal oral keratinocytes.ResultsWe identified a linear relationship between lysosomal pH and cisplatin sensitivity. Reduced lysosomal acidification was correlated to decreased expression of the V0V1‐ATPase B2 subunit, which is part of the lysosomal acidifying complex. Cisplatin caused apoptosis accompanied by lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and inhibition of lysosomal proteases (cathepsins) partly prevented cell death.ConclusionCisplatin‐induced apoptosis of HNSCC is more efficient in cell lines with low lysosomal pH and is mediated by the release of lysosomal content. Lysosomal pH and expression of V0V1‐ATPase subunits are possible future markers of intrinsic cisplatin sensitivity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Partial divestitures as an M&A alternative: The case of GMAC
Authors: Anderson J. Richard , Muise Cristina , Gancarz David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn November 2006, General Motors completed the sale of 51 percent of its financial subsidiary, GMAC, to Cerberus Capital Management. Most observers assumed the sale was motivated by GM's need for cash. But perhaps other factors were much more important in the decision. This article looks at partial divestiture as a merger and acquisition (M&A) in the case of the GMAC sale. And it also points to the subprime loan crisis as an example of how an unanticipated event can destroy a well‐laid plan. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐component synthesis of 4‐aryl‐1H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives in ionic liquid
Authors: Yao Changsheng , Lei Song , Wang Cuihua , Li Tuanjie , Yu Chenxia , Wang Xiangshan , Tu Shujiang 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA green and simple synthesis of 4‐ayrl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives was accomplished in excellent yields via the reaction of aryl aldehyde, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and 1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐amine in ionic liquid of [bmim+][BF]. This protocol has the advantages of easier work‐up, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and an environmentally benign procedure compared with the reported methods. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
N‐substituted isoquinoline derivatives as potential AChE inhibitors
Authors: Gitto Rosaria , De Luca Laura , Ferro Stefania , De Grazia Sara , Di Giorgio Rosa Maria , Festa Filomena , De Luca Grazia 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageN‐substituted donepezil‐related isoquinolines have been prepared as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Microwave assisted procedures and solution‐phase parallel synthesis were chosen to optimize the synthetic approach and improve the yields. All synthesized compounds were tested for their AChE inhibitory activity by colorimetric Ellman method and some of them (10, 13, and 28) displayed low inhibitory effects at μM concentrations. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Immunomodulatory cytokines determine the outcome of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mice
Authors: Biswas S.M. , Kar S. , Singh R. , Chakraborty D. , Vipat V. , Raut C.G. , Mishra A.C. , Gore M.M. , Ghosh D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) induces an acute infection of the central nervous system, the pathogenic mechanism of which is not fully understood. To investigate host response to JEV infection, 14‐day‐old mice were infected via the extraneural route, which resulted in encephalitis and death. Mice that received JEV immune splenocyte transfer were protected from extraneural JEV infection. Pathology and gene expression profiles were then compared in brains of mice that either succumbed to JEV infection or were protected from infection by JEV immune cell transfer. Mice undergoing progressive JEV infection had increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signal transducers associated with the interferon (IFN) pathway. In contrast, mice receiving immune cell transfer had increased production of the Th2 cytokine IL‐4, and of IL‐10, with subdued expression of IFN‐γ. We observed IL‐10 to be an important factor in determining clinical outcome in JEV infection. Data obtained by microarray analysis were further confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Together, these data suggest that JEV infection causes an unregulated inflammatory response that can be countered by the expression of immunomodulatory cytokines in mice that survive lethal infection. J. Med. Virol. 82:304–310, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Zheng Li‐shu , Yuan Xin‐hui , Xie Zhi‐ping , Jin Yu , Gao Han‐chun , Song Jing‐rong , Zhang Rong‐fang , Xu Zi‐qian , Hou Yun‐de , Duan Zhao‐jun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHuman bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1‐year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 × 102 to 9.72 × 108 copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV‐positive specimens by real‐time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP‐1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP‐1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 82:282–288, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the functional elimination of synaptic contacts at polyinnervated neuromuscular synapses during development
Authors: Garcia N. , Santafe M.M. , Tomàs M. , Lanuza M.A. , Besalduch N. , Tomàs J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe use immunohistochemistry to describe the localization of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors trkB and p75NTR in the neuromuscular synapses of postnatal rats (P6–P7) during the synapse elimination period. The receptor protein p75NTR is present in the nerve terminal, muscle cell and glial Schwann cell whereas BDNF and trkB proteins can be detected mainly in the pre‐ and postsynaptic elements. Exogenously applied BDNF (10 nM for 3 hr or 50 nM for 1 hr) increases ACh release from singly and dually innervated synapses. This effect may be specific for BDNF because the neurotrophin NT‐4 (2–8 nM) does not modulate release at P6–P7. Blocking the receptors trkB and p75NTR (with K‐252a and anti‐p75‐192‐IgG, respectively) completely abolishes the potentiating effect of exogenous BDNF. In addition, exogenous BDNF transiently recruits functionally depressed silent terminals, and this effect seems to be mediated by trkB. Calcium ions, the L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels and protein kinase C are involved in BDNF‐mediated nerve ending recruitment. Blocking experiments suggest that endogenous BDNF could operate through p75NTR receptors coupled to potentiate ACh release in all nerve terminals because the anti‐p75‐192‐IgG reduces release. However, blocking the trkB receptor (K‐252a) or neutralizing endogenous BDNF with the trkB‐IgG fusion protein reveals a trkB‐mediated release inhibition on almost mature strong endings in dual junctions. Taken together these results suggest that a BDNF‐induced p75NTR‐mediated ACh release potentiating mechanism and a BDNF‐induced trkB‐mediated release inhibitory mechanism may contribute to developmental synapse disconnection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guaranteed computable error bounds for conforming and nonconforming finite element analyses in planar elasticity
Authors: Ainsworth Mark , Rankin Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe obtain fully computable a posteriori error estimators for the energy norm of the error in second‐order conforming and nonconforming finite element approximations in planar elasticity. These estimators are completely free of unknown constants and give a guaranteed numerical upper bound on the norm of the error. The estimators are shown to also provide local lower bounds, up to a constant and higher‐order data oscillation terms. Numerical examples are presented illustrating the theory and confirming the effectiveness of the estimator. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of oily core‐hybrid shell nanocapsules through interfacial free radical copolymerization in miniemulsion: Droplet formation and nucleation
Authors: Cao Z. H. , Shan G. R. , Sheibat‐Othman N. , Putaux J.‐L. , Bourgeat‐Lami E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNanocapsules with an oily core and an organic/inorganic hybrid shell were elaborated by miniemulsion (co)polymerization of styrene, divinylbenzene, γ‐methacryloyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane, and N‐isopropyl acrylamide. The hybrid copolymer shell membrane was formed by polymerization‐induced phase separation at the interface of the oily nanodroplets with water. It was shown that the size, size distribution, and colloidal stability of the miniemulsion droplets were extremely dependent on the nature of the oil phase, the monomer content and the surfactant concentration. The less water‐soluble the hydrocarbon template and the higher the monomer content, the better the droplet stability. The successful formation of nanocapsules with the targeted core‐shell morphology (i.e., a liquid core surrounded by a solid shell) was evidenced by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Both nanocapsules and nanoparticles were produced by polymerization of the miniemulsion droplets. The proportion of nanoparticles increased with increasing monomer concentration in the oil phase. These undesirable nanoparticles were presumably formed by homogeneous nucleation as we showed that micellar nucleation could be neglected under our experimental conditions even for high surfactant concentrations. The introduction of γ‐methacryloyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane was considered to be the main reason for homogeneous nucleation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 593–603, 2010
Synthesis of highly refractive and transparent polyimides derived from 4,4′‐thiobis[2″,6″‐dimethyl‐4″‐(p‐phenylenesulfanyl)aniline]
Authors: You Nam‐Ho , Higashihara Tomoya , Ando Shinji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNew sulfur‐containing aromatic diamines with methyl groups at the ortho position of amino groups have been developed to prepare highly refractive and transparent aromatic polyimides (PIs) in the visible region. All aromatic PIs derived from 4,4′‐thiobis[2″‐methyl‐4″‐(p‐phenylenesulfanyl)aniline (2), 4,4′‐thiobis[2,″6″‐dimethyl‐4″‐(p‐phenylenesulfanyl)aniline (5), and aromatic dianhydride, 4,4′‐[p‐thiobis(phenylenesulfanyl)]diphthalic anhydride (6) were prepared via a two‐step polycondensation. All PIs showed good thermal properties, such as 10% weight loss temperature in the range of 497–500 °C and glass transition temperatures above 196 °C. In addition, the PIs showed good optical properties, such as optical transparency above 75% at 450 nm with a 10‐μm film thickness, high refractive indices ranging from 1.7135 to 1.7301, and small in‐plane/out‐of‐plane birefringences between 0.0066 and 0.0076. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 656–662, 2010