bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the complex regulation of CD133 in glioma
Authors: Campos Benito , Herold‐Mende Christel C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe transmembrane protein CD133 and its extracellular epitope AC133 are controversial cancer markers. In glioma, AC133 demarcates a subpopulation of stem‐like tumor cells, so‐called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which seem to drive tumor formation and are highly resistant to conventional chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Lately, experimental evidence for the existence of AC133‐independent CSCs has challenged the importance previously attributed to AC133‐positive glioma cells. These findings either imply that (i) AC133‐positive and AC133‐negative glioma cells comprise different, independent CSC populations, (ii) AC133‐positive glioma cells are derived from primordial AC133‐negative CSCs or (iii) AC133‐negative CSCs have lost AC133 expression, while retaining their stem‐like features and tumor initiation capacity, and can reacquire AC133 expression in vivo. In our article, we review evidence for and against each of the possible tumor models in glioma and will discuss technical hurdles in the AC133 detection process. In addition, we will outline new insights into CD133 regulation, which suggest certain degree of plasticity between some AC133‐positive and AC133‐negative CSC populations.
Electrochemistry of Single Nanoparticles via Electrocatalytic Amplification
Authors: Bard Allen J. , Zhou Hongjun , Kwon Seong Jung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent experiments on the observation of collisions of single nanoparticles (NPs) with an electrode through amplification of the current by electrocatalysis are described. Systems in which the particles adhere to the electrode upon collision produce a step and staircase response, while those in which particles only interact for a short time with the electrode produce a spike or blip, with little change in the steady state current. Examples of both behaviors, e. g., Pt NPs on a Au electrode for hydrazine oxidation (staircase response) and IrOx NPs on a Pt electrode for water oxidation (blip response) are shown. Controlling the nature of the electrode surface is important in generating useful responses, for example, in the case of gold NPs on an oxidized Pt electrode for borohydride oxidation.
Thermal constraints for range expansion of the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, in the southeastern United States
Authors: Urian Alyson G. , Hatle John D. , Gilg Matthew R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCold temperatures are thought to be among the most important determining factors of geographic distribution for tropical and sub‐tropical marine invertebrates. The Asian green mussel, Perna viridis, has been introduced into coastal waters of Florida where its current distribution is hypothesized to be limited by low temperatures during winter. Lethal and sub‐lethal effects (heat shock protein/Hsp70 expression) of cold water and air temperatures were analyzed in two size classes of P. viridis from Florida in an effort to determine the effects of current and forecasted temperatures on the potential for range expansion. Mussels were exposed to water temperatures of 14, 10, 7 and 3°C for up to 30 days, or to air temperatures of 14, 7, 0 and −10°C for periods of 2 hr. Mortality was significantly increased at all water and air temperatures ≤14°C. No differences in mortality rates were observed between small (15–45 mm) and large (75–105 mm) size classes except after exposure to 7°C air, in which small mussels had higher mortality. Significant increases in Hsp70 expression were observed after a 2‐hour exposure to 10°C water, but Hsp70 expression was not significantly increased at any temperatures in which mortality was not also significant. The temperature threshold for survival in this population appears to be between 10 and 14°C, suggesting that under current conditions P. viridis may already be at the northern edge of its potential range in the United States. If water temperatures increase with global climate change, northerly flowing currents may permit range expansion as temperatures allow. J. Exp. Zool. 315:12–21, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review Part 3: Human herpesvirus‐6 in multiple non‐neurological diseases
Authors: Ablashi Dharam V. , Devin Courtney L. , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Lautenschlager Irmeli , Luppi Mario , Kühl Uwe , Komaroff Anthony L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractJ. Med. Virol. 82:1903–1910, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular tropism of human enterovirus D species serotypes EV‐94, EV‐70, and EV‐68 in vitro: Implications for pathogenesis
Authors: Smura Teemu , Ylipaasto Petri , Klemola Päivi , Kaijalainen Svetlana , Kyllönen Lauri , Sordi Valeria , Piemonti Lorenzo , Roivainen Merja 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEnterovirus 94 (EV‐94) is an enterovirus serotype described recently which, together with EV‐68 and EV‐70, forms human enterovirus D species. This study investigates the seroprevalences of these three serotypes and their abilities to infect, replicate, and damage cell types considered to be essential for enterovirus‐induced diseases. The cell types studied included human leukocyte cell lines, primary endothelial cells, and pancreatic islets. High prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against EV‐68 and EV‐94 was found in the Finnish population. The virus strains studied had wide leukocyte tropism. EV‐94 and EV‐68 were able to produce infectious progeny in leukocyte cell lines with monocytic, granulocytic, T‐cell, or B‐cell characteristics. EV‐94 and EV‐70 were capable of infecting primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas EV‐68 had only marginal progeny production and did not induce cytopathic effects in these cells. Intriguingly, EV‐94 was able to damage pancreatic islet β‐cells, to infect, replicate, and cause necrosis in human pancreatic islets, and to induce proinflammatory and chemoattractive cytokine expression in endothelial cells. These results suggest that HEV‐D viruses may be more prevalent than has been thought previously, and they provide in vitro evidence that EV‐94 may be a potent pathogen and should be considered a potentially diabetogenic enterovirus type. J. Med. Virol. 82:1940–1949, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and epidemiological profiles of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Denmark
Authors: Eriksen Mette Brandt , Jørgensen Louise Bruun , Krarup Henrik , Laursen Alex Lund , Christensen Peer Brehm , Møller Axel , Schlichting Poul , Kuiken Carla , Bukh Jens , Weis Nina ,   the DANHEP Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 has increased throughout Europe. This is an epidemiological study of patients infected chronically with HCV genotype 4 in Denmark. The HCV strains analyzed originated from patient samples collected between 1999 and 2007 as part of the national Danish hepatitis B and C network, DANHEP. Sequence analyses were based on the envelope 1 region of HCV. Results from a total of 72 patients indicated a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Fifty‐six patients (78%) were infected with one of the three dominating subtypes: 4d, 4a, or 4r. The remaining 16 patients (22%) were infected with subtypes 4h, 4k, 4l, 4n, 4o, or 4Unclassified. Three epidemiological profiles were identified: (1) patients infected with HCV by intravenous drug use were infected solely with subtype 4d. They were all of European origin, and 15 of the 16 patients were ethnic Danes. No single transmission event could be confirmed, but the pairwise nucleotide identity within the patients of Danish origin was relatively high (∼95%), suggesting a recent introduction into Denmark. (2) The 21 patients infected with subtype 4a all came from Northern Africa, Egypt, Pakistan, or the Middle East. (3) Patients from Southern Africa dominated among patients infected with subtype 4r (10 of 12 patients). This study demonstrates that HCV genotype 4d has been introduced in and spread among Danish intravenous drug users. The remaining subtypes show restricted distribution, infecting almost exclusively patients from geographical areas with a relatively high prevalence of HCV genotype 4 infections. J. Med. Virol. 82:1869–1877, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of adefovir add‐on lamivudine rescue therapy compared with switching to entecavir monotherapy in patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ryu Han Jak , Lee Jung Min , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Do Young , Lee Myoung Ha , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Chon Chae Yoon , Park Jun Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNo study has reported on the comparative effect of adefovir (ADV) add‐on lamivudine (LAM) versus switching to entecavir (ETV) in LAM‐resistant patients with chronic hepatitis B. From October 2007 to September 2008, 92 consecutive LAM‐resistant patients were enrolled (47 LAM + ADV and 45 ETV 1 mg). All patients were followed for at least 12 months. The parameters assessed included normalization of ALT, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable HBV DNA, reduction of HBV DNA, and predictors of virologic response. In the LAM + ADV and ETV groups, the baseline DNA levels were 7.61 (5.19–9.49) and 7.10 (5.43–9.74) log10 copies/ml, respectively. At month 12, a virologic response occurred in 18/47 (38.3%) and 11/45 (24.4%; P = 0.182) patients; ALT normalization, in 39/41 (95.1%) and 36/40 (90.0%; P = 0.432); HBeAg seroconversion, in 5.1% and 2.4% (P = 0.606); and virologic breakthrough, in 2.1% and 11.1% (P = 0.107), respectively. The mean reduction from the baseline HBV DNA level was greater in the LAM + ADV group at month 12 (3.80 ± 1.12 vs. 2.72 ± 1.32 log10 copies/ml; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the independent parameters related to a virologic response at month 12 were baseline ALT (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.000–1.006, P = 0.026) and baseline HBV DNA (OR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.298–0.823, P = 0.007). Compared with switching to ETV monotherapy, ADV add‐on LAM therapy was more effective at reducing the viral load in patients with LAM resistance, and the baseline HBV DNA and ALT levels were independent predictors of the virologic response. However, ADV add‐on therapy had limitations in patients with a higher baseline HBV DNA in LAM rescue therapy. J. Med. Virol. 82:1835–1842, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profile of pre‐S deletions in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Yeung Pok , Wong Danny Ka‐Ho , Lai Ching‐Lung , Fung James , Seto Wai‐Kay , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt have been suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre‐S deletions may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pre‐S deletions in chronic hepatitis B patients in Hong Kong, the factors associated with the deletions and its relationship with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. HBV pre‐S deletions were determined by nucleotide sequence analysis in 178 patients with chronic HBV (cross‐sectional study). Eighty‐four patients had paired samples before and after HBeAg seroconversion (longitudinal study). The prevalence of pre‐S deletions was 12.9% (23/178). A majority of the pre‐S deletions (73.9%) occurred in the 5′ terminus of pre‐S2 region whereas deletions in the pre‐S1 region appeared less frequently (47.8%). There was no relationship between age and pre‐S deletions. Male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 10.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–86.52; P = 0.024] and HBV genotype C (OR = 13.85; 95% CI = 3.05–62.92; P = 0.001) were independent factors associated with pre‐S deletions. Only 17 out of the 84 patients with paired samples before and after HBeAg seroconversion had pre‐S deletions. The patterns of pre‐S deletions before and after HBeAg seroconversion were variable. Compared with genotype B, HBV genotype C was associated with earlier emergence of pre‐S deletions. In conclusion, 12.9% of chronic HBV carriers had pre‐S deletions (predominantly pre‐S2 deletions) in a geographical area highly endemic for chronic hepatitis B. Male gender and HBV genotype C were associated independently with the development of pre‐S deletion mutations. There was no clear relationship between HBeAg seroconversion and pre‐S deletions. J. Med. Virol. 82:1843–1849, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation pattern of lamivudine resistance in relation to hepatitis B genotypes: Hepatitis B genotypes differ in their lamivudine resistance associated mutation pattern
Authors: Damerow Hans , Yuen Lilly , Wiegand Johannes , Walker Christine , Bock C.‐Thomas , Locarnini Stephen , Tillmann Hans L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLittle is known about differences between individual hepatitis B genotypes and mutation patterns associated with lamivudine resistance. This study analyses the lamivudine‐associated mutation pattern in relation to the four major HBV genotypes A–D. The PubMed database was screened for keywords “HBV OR Hepatitis B,” “YMDD,” “genotype,” and “lamivudine”; all identified publications published till June 2009 were analyzed for differences in mutation pattern. To confirm the literature‐based findings the databases of two reference laboratories in Tübingen (Germany), and Melbourne (Australia) were analyzed. Twenty‐nine studies were identified reporting 827 patients with known hepatitis B genotype who underwent lamivudine treatment and developed resistance mutations. The literature data revealed that genotype A favors the rtM204V mutation unlike the other major genotypes (P < 0.001), which corresponds to a significant difference in the mutation pattern of genotypes endemic in Asian countries and those found in the rest of the world. These significant findings of the literature‐review could be reproduced in the analysis of the databases from Tübingen and Melbourne. Furthermore, the rtL180M mutation is significantly connected to the rtM204V mutation in genotypes A, B, and C, respectively. It is concluded that there is proof that HBV genotypes differ in their mutation pattern of lamivudine resistance. Future studies will need to evaluate whether this will translate into genotype‐specific differences in resistance emergence on either entecavir or telbivudine as these antivirals differ in their mutation profile, rtM204V for entecavir and rtM204I for telbivudine. J. Med. Virol. 82:1850–1858, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Latency of herpes simplex virus type‐1 in human geniculate and vestibular ganglia is associated with infiltration of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Arbusow Viktor , Derfuss Tobias , Held Kathrin , Himmelein Susanne , Strupp Michael , Gurkov Robert , Brandt Thomas , Theil Diethilde 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type‐1 latency and CD8+ T‐cell occurrence were investigated in the trigeminal, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia from seven deceased humans. The HSV‐1 “latency‐associated transcript” was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative RT‐PCR. Infiltration of CD8+ T cell was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT‐PCR. The data show that HSV‐1 latency and CD8+ T‐cell infiltration are not solely confined to the trigeminal ganglia but can also occur in other cranial ganglia along the neuroaxis. However, the HSV‐1 latency transcripts in the geniculate and vestibular ganglia were expressed at a very low level. The difference in CD8 transcript levels among HSV‐1 latently infected trigeminal ganglia, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia was less conspicuous. Colocalization of latent HSV‐1 and CD8+ T cells in geniculate and vestibular ganglia supports further the hypothesis that HSV‐1 reactivation is possible in these ganglia and is the cause of Bell's palsy and vestibular neuritis. J. Med. Virol. 82:1917–1920, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high HIV DNA level in PBMCs at antiretroviral treatment interruption predicts a shorter time to treatment resumption, independently of the CD4 nadir
Authors: Piketty Christophe , Weiss Laurence , Assoumou Lambert , Burgard Marianne , Mélard Aurélie , Ragnaud Jean‐Michel , Bentata Michele , Girard Pierre‐Marie , Rouzioux Christine , Costagliola Dominique ,   the ANRS 116 SALTO Study Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the safety of antiretroviral treatment interruption (TI) in HIV‐infected patients who started treatment based on earlier guidelines, and to identify baseline factors predictive of the time to reach fixed criteria for treatment resumption. Prospective, open‐label, multicenter trial. Patients were eligible if they had a CD4 cell count >350/mm3 and plasma HIV RNA <50,000 copies/ml when they first started antiretroviral therapy (ART); and if they had a CD4 count >450/mm3 and stable plasma HIV RNA <5,000 copies/ml for at least 6 months prior to enrolment. The criteria for ART resumption were a CD4 cell count <300/mm3 and/or a CDC stage B or C event. 116 patients had received ART for a median of 5.3 years. The median CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA values at inclusion were 809/mm3 and 2.6 log copies/ml, respectively. Median HIV DNA load at inclusion was 2.3 log copies/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thirty‐six months after TI, 63.9% of the patients had not yet reached the criteria for ART resumption, and 55.9% of patients had not resumed ART. In Cox multivariable analysis, a high HIV DNA level at TI, a low CD4 nadir, and pre‐existing AIDS status were the only significant risk factors for reaching the criteria for ART resumption (hazards ratio: 2.15 (1.02–4.53), 4.59 (1.22–17.24), and 5.74 (1.60–20.56), respectively). Patients who started ART with a CD4 cell count above 350/mm3 were able to interrupt treatment for long periods without a high absolute risk of either AIDS or severe non‐AIDS morbidity/mortality. A high PBMC HIV DNA level at TI was a strong predictor for more rapid treatment resumption. J. Med. Virol. 82:1819–1828, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Welding and Marking of Plastics with Lasers
Authors: Wissemborski Rüdiger , Klein Rolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractToday laser radiation as a tool for The Authors welding, cutting and marking in manufacturing of plastic components and products has achieved a good market acceptance. It offers an alternative to conventional processes such as ultrasonic, vibration or friction welding, mechanical cutting, milling or water jet cutting, tampon printing or ink jet printing. Main advantages for laser marking are flexibility and a contact free process [1]. Laser welding of plastics offers advantages in case of cleanness of processed components, low thermal and mechanical stress to components and inner sensitive parts as well as flexibility [2]. Although laser beam welding seems to be a relatively expensive processing method, savings can be achieved by entirely consideration of production process and logistics.
Gradation Rolling – Technology for graded ultrafine‐grained materials
Authors: Neugebauer R. , Sterzing A. , Bergmann M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractZur erheblichen Verbesserung mechanischer Eigenschaften und einer belastungsgerechten Gestaltung von Bauteilen wurde ein Verfahren zur Halbzeugmodifikation entwickelt, dass den Ansatz der gezielten Einstellung einer variablen Mikrostruktur verfolgt. Das neue Verfahren Gradierungswalzen erlaubt die Fertigung gradierter stabförmiger Halbzeuge, mit Bereichen von normalkörnig bis ultrafeinkörnig. Ausgehend von der Betrachtung eines Bauteiles mit Gefügegradienten wird das Verfahren vorgestellt und der Einfluss der Prozessparameter beschrieben. Weiterhin wird ein Ansatz zur Beschreibung der Verformungscharakteristik des Verfahrens vorgestellt.A new type of process is developed to achieve considerably enhanced mechanical properties by load adapted design resulting from a local adaption of the grain size. The new method called gradation rolling is applied to the modification of rod shaped billets. A grain size gradient with a range from coarse grained state to ultrafine‐grained state is created. The forming method, its parameters and an exemplary application is described. An approach to theorise the deformation characteristics during processing is presented.
Tribological behavior of DLC and hard coatings against aluminium based materials
Authors: Nehrkorn S. , Rupprecht C. , Wielage B. , Lampke T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIm Leichtbau werden zunehmend massiv umgeformte Bauteile aus hochfestem Aluminium angewendet. Aufgrund ökonomischer und ökologischer Aspekte bei der Umformung ist ein Einsatz von wenig bzw. keinen Schmiermitteln und eine Modifizierung der Werkzeugoberflächen notwendig. Die richtige Auswahl des Beschichtungswerkstoffs ist entscheidend für das Reibverhalten im Kontakt mit hochfesten Aluminiumwerkstoffen und somit ausschlaggebend für die Standzeitverbesserung von Umformwerkzeugen. Zur Untersuchung des tribologischen Verhaltens von verschiedenen Beschichtungskonzepten wurden Proben mittels PVD‐ (Physical Vapour Deposition) und CVD‐Verfahren (Chemical Vapour Deposition) mit verschiedenen Schichtsystemen beschichtet, charakterisiert und mit dem unbeschichteten Substrat 1.3343 (HS6‐5‐3) verglichen. Die Charakterisierung des tribologischen Verhaltens erfolgte durch Scratch‐ und Stift‐Scheibe‐Tests gegen eine Auswahl hochfester Aluminiumwerkstoffe mit und ohne Schmierstoffeinsatz. Zur Oberflächencharakterisierung diente das Tastschnittverfahren. Bei Verwendung von Schmierstoff verbessern die Beschichtungen das Reibverhalten im Vergleich zum Substrat nur unwesentlich. Dagegen reduzieren die DLC‐basierten Schichtsysteme unter trockenen Bedingungen den Reibwert um bis zu 74% gegenüber Stahl. Den geringsten Reibkoeffizient gegen die drei ausgewählten Aluminiumwerkstoffe unter trockenen Bedingungen besitzt das Schichtsystem “Plasmanitrieren + DLC”.The use of high‐strength aluminium alloys for massive forming parts plays an increasing role in lightweight construction. The usage of less/without lubricant during massive forming and tool surface modification operations are significantly important because of the economical and ecological aspects. Selection of the high wear resistance material, which is in contact with high‐strenght aluminum alloys, is curial for improving the service life of the forming tools. In this study, coatings were deposited on steel substrate 1.3343 (HS6‐5‐3) by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) and CVD (Chemical vapor deposition) techniques. The frictional behaviour of coating systems was characterized by a pin‐on‐disk tribometer with and without lubricant conditions. Surface profilometry was used to compare the surface topography of the coatings. The coating systems doesn't show remarkably tribological improvement in comparison to the steel 1.3343 under lubricant conditions. Wear test results showed that the DLC‐based coatings reduce the friction coefficient by up to 74% compared to steel under dry conditions. It has been found that the best performance of tribological system without lubricant improved with the type of plasma nitriding + DLC coating system.