bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood obesity: Can electronic medical records customized with clinical practice guidelines improve screening and diagnosis?
Authors: Saviñon Carla , Taylor Julie Smith , Canty‐Mitchell Janie , Blood‐Siegfried Jane 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this project was to determine if customization of the electronic medical record (EMR) using evidence‐based practice guidelines developed by the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners and the Expert Panel recommendations for the prevention, screening, and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity would improve the rate of screening and diagnosis of obesity in children, 7 to 18 years of age.Data resources: A retrospective review of encounters before and after implementation of customized EMR was conducted in a community health center. Data collected were compared for documentation of body mass index (BMI), completion of growth charts, scoring of risk questionnaire, and diagnosis of overweight or obesity.Conclusions: There was a clear increase in the frequency of recording BMI, completing BMI growth charts, and scoring questionnaires between written and electronic medical records. The number of children diagnosed with overweight or obesity increased with customized EMR but still remains well below the rates of obesity for this community.Implications for practice: Customizing EMR with clinical practice guidelines improved adherence to recommendations for screening and identification of childhood overweight and obesity. Increased recognition and diagnosis will lead to improved interventions and improve outcomes for childhood obesity.
Behavioral responses of New Zealand fur seals (Arctophoca australis forsteri) to darting and the effectiveness of midazolam and tiletamine‐zolazepam for remote chemical immobilization
Authors: McKenzie Jane , Page Brad , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Hindell Mark A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe evaluated the behavioral response of 125 free‐ranging New Zealand fur seals (75 females and 50 males) to darting and the effectiveness and safety of midazolam and tiletamine‐zolazepam for remote chemical immobilization. Behavioral reactions to darting were minor and brief. Overall, severe reactions to darting such as long flight responses (7%) and escape to the sea (7%) were uncommon. Midazolam administered by dart failed to produce a satisfactory level of immobilization. Tiletamine‐zolazepam was administered to 120 animals (35 females and 85 males), 104 of which were successfully immobilized and 16 escaped to the water following darting or attempted net capture. At least 10 of the 16 animals are known to have survived. Tiletamine‐zolazepam caused moderate depression of swimming and diving behavior in the animals that escaped to the water. Data from dive loggers confirmed that seals that escaped remained near the sea surface for extended periods. Tiletamine‐zolazepam administered by dart at a mean dosage of 1.87 ± 0.18 mg/kg for females and 1.49 ± 0.23 mg/kg for males provided effective and safe immobilization, reducing capture stress for both animals and personnel. Although there is still a risk of drugged animals escaping to the water and possibly drowning, this risk is much lower than previously reported for other pinnipeds.
Dental care utilization among North Carolina rural older adults
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Savoca Margaret R. , Anderson Andrea M. , Chen Haiying , Gilbert Gregg H. , Bell Ronny A. , Leng Xiaoyan , Reynolds Teresa , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives:This analysis delineates the predisposing, need, and enabling factors that are associated with regular and recent dental care in a multiethnic sample of rural older adults.Methods:A cross‐sectional, comprehensive, oral‐health survey conducted with a random, multiethnic (African American, American Indian, white) sample of 635 community‐dwelling adults aged 60 years and older was completed in two rural southern counties. Logistic regression models assessed the simultaneous associations of dental care with predisposing, enabling, and need factors.Results:Almost no edentulous rural older adults received dental care; 27.1 percent of dentate rural older adults had received regular dental care, and 36.7 percent had received recent dental care. Predisposing (less than high‐school education, dental anxiety), enabling (no regular place for dental care), and need factors (no filled teeth) reduced the odds of regular dental, while predisposing (dental anxiety), enabling (no regular place for dental care), and need factors (no filled teeth) reduced the odds of recent dental care. Having excellent, very good, or good self‐rated oral health increased the odds of receiving regular and recent dental care.Conclusions:Regular and recent dental care are infrequent among rural older adults. Contrary to expectations, those not receiving dental care are those who most need care; this has been referred to as the Paradox of Dental Need. Community access to dental care and the ability of older adults to pay for dental care must be addressed by public‐health policy to improve the health and quality of life of older adults in rural communities.
Reliability and validity testing for the Child Oral Health Impact Profile‐Reduced (COHIP‐SF 19)
Authors: Broder Hillary L. , Wilson‐Genderson Maureen , Sischo Lacey 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives: This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile–Short Form 19 (COHIP‐SF 19) from the validated 34‐item COHIP.Methods: Participants included 205 pediatric, 107 orthodontic, and 863 patients with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Item level evaluations included examining content overlap, distributional properties, and use of the response set. Confirmatory factor analysis identified potential items for deletion. Scale reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Discriminant validity of the COHIP‐SF 19 was evaluated as follows: among pediatric participants, scores were compared with varying amounts of decayed and filled surfaces (DFS) and presence of caries on permanent teeth; for orthodontic patients, scores were correlated with anterior tooth spacing/crowding; and for those with CFA, scores were compared with clinicians' ratings of extent of defect (EOD) for nose and lip and/or speech hypernasality. Convergent validity was assessed by examining the partial Spearman correlation between the COHIP scores and a standard Global Health self‐rating. Comparisons between the COHIP and the COHIP‐SF 19 were completed across samples.Results: The reduced questionnaire consists of 19 items: Oral Health (five items), Functional Well‐Being (four items), and a combined subscale named Socio‐Emotional Well‐Being (10 items). Internal reliability is ≥0.82 for the three samples. Results demonstrate that the COHIP‐SF 19 discriminates within and across treatment groups by EOD and within a community‐based pediatric sample. The measure is associated with the Global Health rating (P < 0.05), thereby indicating convergent validity.Conclusions: Reliability and validity testing demonstrate that the COHIP‐SF 19 is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure oral health‐related quality of life across school‐aged pediatric populations.
Recent trends in dental emergency department visits in the United States – 1997/1998 to 2007/2008
Authors: Wall Thomas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: The author focused on recent national trends in dental emergency department (ED) visits. Patients who presented at an ED for a dental condition are described and the author look at the extent to which these patients have changed over time.Methods: This study was based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability survey of hospital ED visits. A dental ED visit was defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes.Results: Between 1997/1998 and 2007/2008, dental ED visits increased from 1.15 to 1.87 percent of total ED visits. The largest increase in the number of dental ED visits per 1,000 persons was found for young adults 20‐34 years old. Primary payer, a measure of insurance status, suggests that patients from all income levels participated in the increase.Conclusions: Although dental‐related ED visits account for a relatively small percentage of total ED visits, both the number and the percentage of such visits grew from 1997/1998 to 2007/2008. Young adults 20‐34 years old were most likely to present at an ED with a dental problem.
The association of individual characteristics and neighborhood poverty on the dental care of American adolescents
Authors: Atkins Robert , Sulik Michael J. , Hart Daniel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which neighborhood poverty was associated with the utilization of dental care by American adolescents.Methods: To accomplish the study goals we conducted multilevel modeling analyses of two nationally representative data sets: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998‐1999 (ECLS‐K).Results: As hypothesized, neighborhood poverty predicted frequency of dental care in both studies (t = 6.06; P < 0.001; t = 2.44; P < 0.05). Even after accounting for individual level predictors such as household income, health insurance, and parental education, adolescents living in poor neighborhoods are less likely than their counterparts in non‐poor neighborhoods to utilize dental care.Conclusions: The findings from this study indicate that neighborhoods influence dental care utilization patterns in adolescents.
Evaluation of six candidate DNA barcoding loci in Ficus (Moraceae) of China
Authors: LI H.‐Q. , CHEN J.‐Y. , WANG S. , XIONG S.‐Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFicus, with about 755 species, diverse habits and complicated co‐evolutionary history with fig wasps, is a notoriously difficult group in taxonomy. DNA barcoding is expected to bring light to the identification of Ficus but needs evaluation of candidate loci. Based on five plastid loci (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA, psbK‐psbI, atpF‐atpH) and a nuclear locus [internal transcribed spacer (ITS)], we calculated genetic distances and DNA barcoding gaps individually and in combination and constructed phylogenetic trees to test their ability to distinguish the species of the genus. A total of 228 samples representing 63 putative species in Ficus (Moraceae) of China were included in this study. The results demonstrated that ITS has the most variable sites, greater intra‐ and inter‐specific divergences, the highest species discrimination rate (72%) and higher primer universality among the single loci. It is followed by psbK‐psbI and trnH‐psbA with moderate variation and considerably lower species discrimination rates (about 19%), whereas matK, rbcL and atpF‐atpH could not effectively separate the species. Among the possible combinations of loci, ITS + trnH‐psbA performed best but only marginally improved species resolution over ITS alone (75% vs. 72%). Therefore, we recommend using ITS as a single DNA barcoding locus in Ficus.
Autonomic impairment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Dina C. , Ker James A. , Grant Catharina C. , Fletcher Lizelle 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimTo determine if there is a difference between autonomic cardiac control as measured by heart rate variability (HRV) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to a healthy control group.MethodsThe RA group (45) and control group (39) were matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Three techniques were used: time domain, frequency domain and Poincarè plot analysis. All possible confounding factors were excluded and the test environment strictly regulated.ResultsBasal heart rate was significantly higher in the RA patients. In the supine position significant differences existed between RA patients and controls (P ≤ 0.01). Indicators of parasympathetic activity showed significantly lower variation in the RA group (root mean square of the standard deviation [RMSSD] = 14.70, percentage of successive normal‐to‐normal interval differences larger than 50 ms [pNN50] = 0.50, standard deviation [SD]1 = 10.50, high frequency [HF] (ms2) = 31) compared to controls (RMSSD = 29.40, pNN50 = 7.8, SD1 = 20.9, HF (ms2) = 141.00). Indicators of sympathetic variation were also significantly lower in RA patients (SD2 = 36.70, low frequency [LF] (ms2) = 65) compared to controls (SD2 = 49.50, LF (ms2) = 175). In the standing position eight variables indicated autonomic impairment by significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the groups. The response of the RA group to an orthostatic stressor showed less vagal withdrawal, (P‐values for RMSSD = 0.038, pNN50 = 0.022, SD1 = 0.043 and HF [ms2] = 0.008 respectively); and lower sympathetic response (P‐values for SD2 = 0.001 and LF [ms2] < 0.001) when compared to controls.ConclusionsAn inability of the autonomic nervous system to efficiently compensate for internal and external environmental changes may predispose RA patients to arrhythmias, thereby increasing cardiovascular mortality. All three methods used showed the same outcome, implying decreased HRV and thus an increased risk for arrhythmias in RA patients. Evaluating the autonomic nervous system might be critical in planning management of RA patients.
Characterization of the secretion pathway of the collagen adhesin EmaA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Jiang X. , Ruiz T. , Mintz K.P. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe extracellular matrix protein adhesin A (EmaA) surface antennae‐like structures of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are composed of three identical protein monomers. Recently, we have demonstrated that the protein is synthesized with an extended signal peptide of 56 amino acids necessary for membrane targeting and protein translocation. In this study, EmaA secretion was demonstrated to be reliant on a chaperone‐dependent secretion pathway. Deletion of secB partially reduced but did not abolish the amount of EmaA in the membrane. This observation was attributed to an increase in the synthesis of DnaK in the ΔsecB strain. Overexpression of a DnaK substitution mutant (A174T), with diminished activity, in the ΔsecB strain further reduced the amount of EmaA in the membrane. Expression of dnaK A174T in the wild‐type strain did not affect the amount of EmaA in the membrane when grown under optimal growth conditions at 37°C. However, EmaA was found to be reduced when this strain was grown at heat‐shock temperature. A chromosomal deletion of amino acids 16–39 of the EmaA extended signal peptide, transformed with either the wild‐type or dnaK A174T‐expressing plasmid, did not affect the amount of EmaA in the membrane. In addition, the level of EmaA in a ΔsecB/emaA− double mutant strain expressing EmaAΔ16–39 was unchanged when grown at both temperatures. The data suggest that chaperones are required for the targeting of EmaA to the membrane and a specific region of the signal peptide is necessary for secretion under stress conditions.
Stress, coping, and psychological well‐being among forensic health care professionals
Authors: Elliott Katie Ann , Daley David 
Published: April 2012

Purpose. Although forensic services are often regarded as highly stressful environments, there has been a surprising lack of research into the phenomena of occupational stress among forensic health care professionals (FHCP) in the United Kingdom. This study investigated stress, coping, and psychological well‐being among FHCP employed within inpatient settings.Methods. One hundred and thirty‐five FHCP were recruited from four Medium Secure Units in the United Kingdom. A postal research pack was used to collect background information and measures of psychological well‐being, burnout, occupational stress, work satisfaction, and coping.Results. The study found that a substantial proportion of FHCP experienced elevated levels of occupational stress and psychological distress, while moderate levels of burnout were demonstrated in terms of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The findings confirmed that FHCP utilized a range of problem‐focused (e.g., positive), emotion‐focused (e.g., religious, negative, and supported), and palliative coping strategies (e.g., excessive smoking and drinking).Conclusions. The results appeared to support the commonly held assertion that forensic services are an inherently stressful and dangerous working environment, which can cause FHCP to experience marked levels of psychological distress, burnout, and occupational stress.
Immune Response to Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Hawdon Nicole , Nix Eli B. , Tsang Raymond S. W. , Ferroni Garry , McCready William G. , Ulanova Marina 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAdult chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of invasiveHaemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) disease due to the lack of functionally active anti-Hib antibodies. The pediatric Hib polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine is highly immunogenic in these patients and can provide protection against invasive Hib infection for at least 1 year.
Biochemical, Serological, and Virulence Characterization of Clinical and Oyster Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates
Authors: Jones Jessica L. , Lüdeke Catharina H. M. , Bowers John C. , Garrett Nancy , Fischer Markus , Parsons Michele B. , Bopp Cheryl A. , DePaola Angelo 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

In this study, 77 clinical and 67 oyster
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
isolates from North America were examined for biochemical profiles, serotype, and the presence of potential virulence factors (
tdh
,
trh
, and type III secretion system [T3SS] genes). All isolates were positive for oxidase, indole, and glucose fermentation, consistent with previous reports. The isolates represented 35 different serotypes, 9 of which were shared by clinical and oyster isolates. Serotypes associated with pandemic strains (O1:KUT, O1:K25, O3:K6, and O4:K68) were observed for clinical isolates, and 7 (9%) oyster isolates belonged to serotype O1:KUT. Of the clinical isolates, 27% were negative for
tdh
and
trh
, while 45% contained both genes. Oyster isolates were preferentially selected for the presence of
tdh
and/or
trh
; 34% contained both genes, 42% had
trh
but not
tdh
, and 3% had
tdh
but not
trh
. All but 1 isolate (143/144) had at least three of the four T3SS1 genes examined. The isolates lacking both
tdh
and
trh
contained no T3SS2α or T3SS2β genes. All clinical isolates positive for
tdh
and negative for
trh
possessed all T3SS2α genes, and all isolates negative for
tdh
and positive for
trh
possessed all T3SS2β genes. The two oyster isolates containing
tdh
but not
trh
possessed all but the
vopB2
gene of T3SS2α, as reported previously. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, all strains examined that were positive for both
tdh
and
trh
also carried T3SS2β genes. This report identifies the serotype as the most distinguishing feature between clinical and oyster isolates. Our findings raise concerns about the reliability of the
tdh
,
trh
, and T3SS genes as virulence markers and highlight the need for more-detailed pathogenicity investigations of
V. parahaemolyticus
.
Comparison of Medium, Temperature, and Length of Incubation for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Authors: Nguyen Trang D. Hua , Evans Kaye D. , Goh Rosalinda A. , Tan Grace L. , Peterson Ellena M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter
(Campy; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD), Spectra VRE (Remel, Lenexa, KS), and bile-esculin-azide-vancomycin (BEAV; Remel) agars were compared for their ability to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in 750 stool specimens. The media were compared at 24 h and 48 h of incubation at 35°C and 42°C. When incubated for 24 h at 35°C, Campy was the most sensitive (97.8%) and specific (99.9%) but was comparable to Spectra, which has a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 99.1%, whereas BEAV was significantly less sensitive (90%) and specific (96.1%). Incubation at 42°C or extended incubation at 35°C for 48 h yielded no advantage over incubation at 35°C for 24 h.
An Unusual Foreign Body in the Urinary Bladder Mimicking a Parasitic Worm
Authors: Schmitt Bryan H. , Feder Marc T. , Rokke Denise L. , Moyer Thomas P. , Pritt Bobbi S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual case of a foreign body removed from the urinary bladder of a 63-year-old male which mimicked a parasitic worm. The foreign body was identified as an artificial fishing worm by morphological comparison to a similar commercially produced product and by infrared spectrum analysis.
Recovery of Influenza B Virus with the H273Y Point Mutation in the Neuraminidase Active Site from a Human Patient
Authors: Higgins Rachel R. , Beniprashad Melissa , Chong-King Eddie , Li Yan , Bastien Nathalie , Low Donald E. , Gubbay Jonathan B. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe H275Y oseltamivir resistance mutation confers high-level resistance to oseltamivir in isolates of human A(H1N1) influenza. We report the recovery and identification of an influenza B virus with the H273Y neuraminidase point mutation directly from a human patient. The H273Y influenza B isolate is resistant to oseltamivir and peramivir but sensitive to zanamivir.
Rapid and Specific Detection of Lassa Virus by Reverse Transcription-PCR Coupled with Oligonucleotide Array Hybridization
Authors: Ölschläger Stephan , Günther Stephan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
To facilitate sequence-specific detection of DNA amplified in a diagnostic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for Lassa virus, we developed an array featuring 47 oligonucleotide probes for post-PCR hybridization of the amplicons. The array procedure may be performed with low-tech equipment and does not take longer than agarose gel detection.
Successful Identification of Clinical Dermatophyte and Neoscytalidium Species by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Alshawa Kinda , Beretti Jean-Luc , Lacroix Claire , Feuilhade Martine , Dauphin Brunhilde , Quesne Gilles , Hassouni Noura , Nassif Xavier , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Dermatophytes are keratinolytic fungi responsible for a wide variety of diseases of glabrous skin, nails, and hair. Their identification, currently based on morphological criteria, is hindered by intraspecies morphological variability and the atypical morphology of some clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a routine tool for identifying dermatophyte and
Neoscytalidium
species, both of which cause dermatomycoses. We first developed a spectral database of 12 different species of common and unusual dermatophytes and two molds responsible for dermatomycoses (
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
and
N. dimidiatum
var.
hyalinum
). We then prospectively tested the performance of the database on 381 clinical dermatophyte and
Neoscytalidium
isolates. Correct identification of the species was obtained for 331/360 dermatophytes (91.9%) and 18/21
Neoscytalidium
isolates (85.7%). The results of MALDI-TOF MS and standard identification disagreed for only 2 isolates. These results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS could be a useful tool for routine and fast identification of dermatophytes and
Neoscytalidium
spp. in clinical mycology laboratories.