bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and obstetric factors associated with delayed postpartum eclampsia: a national study population
Authors: KAYEM GILLES , KURINCZUK JENNIFER J. , SPARK PATSY , BROCKLEHURST PETER , KNIGHT MARIAN ,   on behalf of UK Obstetric Surveillance System
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To estimate the incidence of delayed postpartum eclampsia and to investigate whether maternal characteristics and outcomes were different between women with delayed or early postpartum eclampsia. Design. Prospective population‐based study. Setting. All 229 UK hospitals with consultant‐led maternity units in the UK. Population. All women delivering between February 2005 and February 2006. Methods. Maternal characteristics and outcomes were compared between women with delayed (≥12 hours between delivery and eclampsia) and early postpartum eclampsia. Main Outcome Measures. Rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjusted odds ratio estimates. Results. Seventy‐six women had postpartum eclampsia, representing an incidence of 1.0/10 000 (95% CI 0.7–1.2/10 000) maternities. Among the women having postpartum eclampsia, 53 (70%; 95% CI 59–79) occurred in the first 12 hours following delivery, eight (11%; 95% CI 3–20) during hours 12–24, four (5%; 95% CI 2–13) during the 24–48 hours after delivery and 11 (14%; 95% CI 7–24) more than 48 hours after delivery. Maternal characteristics, biological and clinical symptoms in the week preceding eclampsia and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different in the delayed eclampsia group in comparison with the early postpartum eclampsia group. However, the cesarean delivery rate was higher in women with delayed eclampsia in comparison with earlier postpartum eclampsia [13 (57%) vs. 6 (11%); odds ratio 10.1, 95% CI 3.12–33.3]. Conclusions. Close follow‐up should be performed in the 12 hours following delivery in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Beyond this, the risk of eclampsia is very low, and eclampsia occurs mainly among women who have had a cesarean delivery.
External cephalic version of non‐cephalic presentation; is it worthwhile?
Authors: GOTTVALL TOMAS , GINSTMAN CHARLOTTE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA retrospective study of 186 consecutive external cephalic versions (ECV) late in the third trimester was done. Logistic regression analysis of background factors leading to a successful ECV showed that multiparity, a larger amount of amniotic fluid, measured as amniotic fluid index, and a transverse fetal position were each significantly correlated with a successful version. The total success rate was 62%, and after a successful ECV 84% of the fetuses were delivered vaginally. No severe complications were registered during the ECVs, and all babies had normal Apgar scores at delivery. Attempting ECV at least once or even twice seems to be appropriate because a successful ECV can decrease the rate of cesarean section in this group of patients and by so doing may also decrease the risk of cesarean section in future pregnancies.
Penile anthropometry of normal prepubertal boys in Turkey
Authors: Cinaz Peyami , Yeşilkaya Ediz , Onganlar Yaşar Hüseyin , Boyraz Mehmet , Bideci Aysun , Çamurdan Orhun , Karaoğlu A Baki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  The age‐related values of penile length must be known to determine abnormal penis sizes and to follow the treatment of underlying diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate abnormal penile length in Turkish children by establishing novel reference values for Turkish population and to compare the mean penile length and other parameters with alternates from different ethnic populations and geography.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was conducted on a voluntary basis between November 2008 and November 2009 from four centres in Turkey and comprised of 1278 healthy volunteered prepubertal children. Complete stretched penile length and penis circumference measurements were used for penile length and penis circumference evaluations, respectively. All measurements were taken twice by only one investigator, and mean values were recorded.Results:  Penile length and penis circumference for every age group were obtained, percentile curves were established and these findings were compared with the results of previous studies. Significant differences were found between penile length of Turkish children and recently used reference values.Conclusion:  With this study, novel reference values for penile length in prepubertal children were presented to the literature.
Recolonization of vascular epiphytes in a shaded coffee agroecosystem
Authors: Toledo‐Aceves Tarin , García‐Franco José G. , Hernández‐Rojas Adriana , MacMillan Keith 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Aim: Shaded coffee plantations constitute an important refuge for biodiversity. Despite the fact that epiphytic plants form a significant component of these agroecosystems, their removal from the shade trees is commonplace in Latin America. To what extent does the epiphyte community recover from this severe disturbance?
Location: Shaded coffee agroecosystem in Veracruz, Mexico (19°28′03″ N, 96°55′58″ W; 1200 m asl).
Methods: We assessed the diversity, biomass and recolonization patterns of vascular epiphytes in shade trees, 8‐9 yr after complete epiphyte removal (E−), and in control ‘non‐removal’ sites (E+). In order to evaluate the effects of prior epiphyte removal, all vascular epiphytes were completely removed from 10 trees per treatment (E− and E+); all epiphyte species collected were identified and dry biomass measured.
Results: Eight to nine years after removal, epiphyte biomass in the E− shade trees was 35% of that found in the control sites. A total of 55 epiphyte species, belonging to 12 families, were registered; 40 in E−, and 48 in E+. Six species belonging to Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Cactaceae and Araceae accounted for 75% of the biomass in E+ while six species of bromeliads accounted for 76% of the biomass in E−. Some bromeliads proliferated following disturbance; however, ferns showed lower recovery.
Conclusions: Epiphyte community recovery, in terms of biomass and diversity, is considerably higher in the coffee plantation than has been previously reported for other tropical ecosystems. Epiphyte recolonization patterns reflected both the abundance of species in the surrounding matrix and certain species‐specific traits. For such agroecosytems to function as effective reservoirs of epiphyte diversity, epiphyte stripping should be avoided.
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in changing environments: a genetic perspective
Authors: Weeks Andrew R. , Sgro Carla M. , Young Andrew G. , Frankham Richard , Mitchell Nicki J. , Miller Kim A. , Byrne Margaret , Coates David J. , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Sunnucks Paul , Breed Martin F. , James Elizabeth A. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTranslocations are being increasingly proposed as a way of conserving biodiversity, particularly in the management of threatened and keystone species, with the aims of maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function under the combined pressures of habitat fragmentation and climate change. Evolutionary genetic considerations should be an important part of translocation strategies, but there is often confusion about concepts and goals. Here, we provide a classification of translocations based on specific genetic goals for both threatened species and ecological restoration, separating targets based on ‘genetic rescue’ of current population fitness from those focused on maintaining adaptive potential. We then provide a framework for assessing the genetic benefits and risks associated with translocations and provide guidelines for managers focused on conserving biodiversity and evolutionary processes. Case studies are developed to illustrate the framework.
A Case of Academic Misconduct: Does Self‐Interest Rule?*
Authors: JONES JOANNE , SPRAAKMAN GARY 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMost analyses of academic misconduct focus on students’ integrity and what is taught at the universities. Surprisingly little attention is paid to the role of faculty members. This article presents an unusual case of academic misconduct that provides an opportunity to examine the actions and rationalizations of the students and faculty members involved in the event as well as the broader university context. The case is unusual in that the instructor initiated and facilitated the academic misconduct. The analysis of the misconduct and the subsequent events suggest that self‐interest rules and concerns for wider interests are all but silent. While the case presents a somewhat dismal view of the integrity of some accounting faculty members and future accountants, it provides interesting insight into self‐interest, rationalization, social context, and both students’ and faculty members’ integrity. The analysis discusses the mechanisms used to prevent and manage faculty member misconduct, along with limitations of self‐regulation and student reports as forms of control. The article also considers how accounting educators can encourage future accountants to act with integrity and concludes that in order to achieve that goal, accounting educators must serve as role models who act honestly.
La Femme Media Inc.: Identifying and Managing Audit Engagement Risk Factors
Authors: JONES JOANNE , IACOBELLI SANDRA , HUNG KAREN 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLa Femme Media Inc. (“La Femme”) is a privately owned Canadian publishing company that produces several small periodicals and a popular women’s monthly magazine. The company’s founder and majority shareholder has announced his plans to retire in the upcoming year with plans to sell his 80 percent share of the company to a minority shareholder who has not taken an active role in the business. Students are required to take on the role of the audit senior and draft a planning memo for the partner outlining the risks associated with this engagement and analyzing all significant audit and accounting issues.
The Last Golden Land?: Chinese Private Companies Go to Africa
Authors: Gu Jing 
Published: June 2011

SummaryA new dynamic presence is spreading rapidly and widely across Africa: that of Chinese private enterprises. For these firms, Africa is ‘the last golden land’ of economic opportunity. Based on the most extensive survey to date of Chinese private firms, business associations and government officials across China and sub‐Saharan Africa, this paper explores the critical questions of why these enterprises are investing in Africa? What are their perspectives on Africa's investment climate? The study shows a growing number of firms that contradict the stereotype of Chinese firms in Africa. Pushed by intense competition within China's domestic marketplace and pulled by the glint of new opportunities, many small, private manufacturing firms are heading to Africa quite independently of the Chinese government. They grasp this opportunity in a ‘three jump’ pattern. The first of these ‘three jumps’ are better known, from doing business within China to exporting to Africa; and then from exporting to Africa to investing in production in Africa. The third jump is less familiar: to investing in industry parks in Africa. Chinese firms cluster in new business parks, collaborating in coordinated production. Yet simultaneously, and contrary to popular perceptions, they are most concerned about the competition they face from other Chinese firms and not by competition from African or other expatriate firms in Africa. The Chinese business sector in Africa thus has growing ‘enclave’ characteristics: enterprises are located together in business parks, and simultaneously both competing with one another and cooperating and largely doing business with one another in the supply chain. They are relatively optimistic about the investment climate in Africa, especially those obstacles created by governments and public policy. However, Africa's prospects for successfully harnessing the Chinese private firms to its development goals lies in the way each is adapting to their growing understanding of each other.
Developmental differences in sensory decision making involved in deciding to try a novel fruit
Authors: Dovey Terence M. , Aldridge Victoria K. , Dignan Wendy , Staples Paul A. , Gibson E. Leigh , Halford Jason C. G. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. This research compared sensory processing and personality traits involved in deciding to try a novel fruit (guava) in adults and children.Design. The research employed an age, sex, and food neophobia matched between‐participant design to examine sensory decision making in choosing to eat a novel fruit.Methods. Forty‐four adults (Study 1) and 68 children (Study 2) took part. In each study, participants were separated into two groups to investigate whether prior assessment of a familiar and liked fruit (apple) that shares similar visual characteristics to the target novel fruit (guava) increased the likelihood that an individual would decide to try it. All participants completed appetitive and familiarity ratings by sensory stages: vision, smell, and touch, prior to trying (tasting) the fruit. Participants (or their parents) also completed the general and food neophobia scales and adults also completed the sensation‐seeking scale.Results. Twenty‐eight adults (64%) tried the guava and 16 did not (36%). In the second study, 22 children decided not to try the novel fruit (32%). Significant predictors of whether the adult tried the target fruit were Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Experience Seeking, General Neophobia, and ‘appealing to touch’. In children, Food Neophobia, concurrent presentation of a familiar fruit alongside the target and visual assessment of the target predicted decision to try the novel fruit.Conclusions. This study suggests that touch is pertinent to adults’ decision to try a novel fruit, whereas visual cues appear to be more important for children.
Adult attachment insecurities are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Doron Guy , Moulding Richard , Nedeljkovic Maja , Kyrios Michael , Mikulincer Mario , Sar‐El Dar 
Published: June 2011

Objectives.  Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most disabling and highly prevalent anxiety disorders (ADs). Current cognitive models of OCD implicate views about the self and world in the maintenance of the disorder. However, little research has focused on issues that may lead to vulnerability to such views. In particular, a person's attachment insecurities (attachment anxiety, avoidance) may be important risk factors increasing the likelihood of such non‐adaptive perceptions (Doron & Kyrios, 2005).Design.  Participants meeting criteria for OCD were compared with cohorts meeting criteria for other ADs and healthy controls on a range of measures including adult attachment, OC symptoms, cognitions, and mood.Methods.  Diagnosis of the clinical groups was established using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM‐IV (Brown, Di Nardo, & Barlow, 1994). The clinical relevance of attachment insecurities was ascertained by comparing their prevalence in an OCD sample (N= 30), an ADs sample (N= 20), and a community sample (N= 32).Results.  Attachment anxiety was significantly higher in individuals with OCD, even when controlling for depression.Conclusions.  Addressing attachment anxiety in individuals presenting with OCD may be important for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. However, findings are based on cross‐sectional data that preclude conclusions relating to causal influence.
A Wearable System to Assess Risk for Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Injury During Jump Landing: Measurements of Temporal Events, Jump Height, and
Sagittal Plane Kinematics
Authors: Dowling Ariel V. , Favre Julien , Andriacchi Thomas P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains high, and there is a need for simple, cost effective methods to identify athletes at a higher risk for ACL injury. Wearable measurement systems offer potential methods to assess the risk of ACL injury during jumping tasks. The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of a wearable inertial-based system to evaluate ACL injury risk during jumping tasks. The system accuracy for measuring temporal events (initial contact, toe-off), jump height, and sagittal plane angles (knee, trunk) was assessed by comparing results obtained with the wearable system to simultaneous measurements obtained with a marker-based optoelectronic reference system. Thirty-eight healthy participants (20 male and 18 female) performed drop jumps with bilateral and unilateral support landing. The mean differences between the temporal events obtained with both systems were below 5 ms, and the precisions were below 24 ms. The mean jump heights measured with both systems differed by less than 1 mm, and the associations (Pearson correlation coefficients) were above 0.9. For the discrete angle parameters, there was an average association of 0.91 and precision of 3.5° for the knee flexion angle and an association of 0.77 and precision of 5.5° for the trunk lean. The results based on the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) also demonstrated that the proposed wearable system could identify movements at higher risk for ACL injury. The area under the ROC plots was between 0.89 and 0.99 for the knee flexion angle and between 0.83 and 0.95 for the trunk lean. The wearable system demonstrated good concurrent validity with marker-based measurements and good discriminative performance in terms of the known risk factors for ACL injury. This study suggests that a wearable system could be a simple cost-effective tool for conducting risk screening or for providing focused feedback.
High-Temperature Enzymatic Breakdown of Cellulose
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Squina Fabio , Segato Fernando , Mort Andrew , Lee David , Pappan Kirk , Prade Rolf 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Cellulose is an abundant and renewable biopolymer that can be used for biofuel generation; however, structural entrapment with other cell wall components hinders enzyme-substrate interactions, a key bottleneck for ethanol production. Biomass is routinely subjected to treatments that facilitate cellulase-cellulose contacts. Cellulases and glucosidases act by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds of linear glucose β-1,4-linked polymers, producing glucose. Here we describe eight high-temperature-operating cellulases (TCel enzymes) identified from a survey of thermobacterial and archaeal genomes. Three TCel enzymes preferentially hydrolyzed soluble cellulose, while two preferred insoluble cellulose such as cotton linters and filter paper. TCel enzymes had temperature optima ranging from 85°C to 102°C. TCel enzymes were stable, retaining 80% of initial activity after 120 h at 85°C. Two modes of cellulose breakdown, i.e., with endo- and exo-acting glucanases, were detected, and with two-enzyme combinations at 85°C, synergistic cellulase activity was observed for some enzyme combinations.
Allelic Diversity and Population Structure of Bacillus sphaericus as Revealed by Multilocus Sequence Typing
Authors: Ge Yong , Hu Xiaomin , Zheng Dasheng , Wu Yiming , Yuan Zhiming 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

The genetic diversity of 35
Bacillus sphaericus
strains was analyzed by a newly developed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, toxin gene pool survey, and mosquito bioassay. The results demonstrated that strains assigned to the same sequence type (ST) had the same occurrence of toxin genes. Further sequence analysis revealed that toxic strains presented a nearly clonal population structure, whereas nontoxic strains had a high level of heterogeneity and were significantly distinct from toxic strains.
Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 Mutant with Enhanced Competitive Colonization Ability and Improved Biocontrol Activity against Fungal Root Pathogens
Authors: Barahona Emma , Navazo Ana , Martínez-Granero Francisco , Zea-Bonilla Teresa , Pérez-Jiménez Rosa María , Martín Marta , Rivilla Rafael 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Motility is one of the most important traits for efficient rhizosphere colonization by
Pseudomonas fluorescens
F113rif (F113). In this bacterium, motility is a polygenic trait that is repressed by at least three independent pathways, including the Gac posttranscriptional system, the Wsp chemotaxis-like pathway, and the SadB pathway. Here we show that the
kinB
gene, which encodes a signal transduction protein that together with AlgB has been implicated in alginate production, participates in swimming motility repression through the Gac pathway, acting downstream of the GacAS two-component system. Gac mutants are impaired in secondary metabolite production and are unsuitable as biocontrol agents. However, the
kinB
mutant and a triple mutant affected in
kinB
,
sadB
, and
wspR
(KSW) possess a wild-type phenotype for secondary metabolism. The KSW strain is hypermotile and more competitive for rhizosphere colonization than the wild-type strain. We have compared the biocontrol activity of KSW with those of the wild-type strain and a phenotypic variant (F113v35 [V35]) which is hypermotile and hypercompetitive but is affected in secondary metabolism since it harbors a
gacS
mutation. Biocontrol experiments in the
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
radicis-lycopersici
/
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomato) and
Phytophthora cactorum/Fragaria vesca
(strawberry) pathosystems have shown that the three strains possess biocontrol activity. Biocontrol activity was consistently lower for V35, indicating that the production of secondary metabolites was the most important trait for biocontrol. Strain KSW showed improved biocontrol compared with the wild-type strain, indicating that an increase in competitive colonization ability resulted in improved biocontrol and that the rational design of biocontrol agents by mutation is feasible.
2,3-Butanediol Production by Acetogenic Bacteria, an Alternative Route to Chemical Synthesis, Using Industrial Waste Gas
Authors: Köpke Michael , Mihalcea Christophe , Liew FungMin , Tizard Joseph H. , Ali Mohammed S. , Conolly Joshua J. , Al-Sinawi Bakir , Simpson Séan D. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT2,3-Butanediol (23BD) is a high-value chemical usually produced petrochemically but which can also be synthesized by some bacteria. To date, the best microbial 23BD production rates have been observed using pathogenic bacteria in fermentation systems that depend on sugars as the carbon and energy sources for product synthesis. Here we present evidence of 23BD production by three nonpathogenic acetogenicClostridiumspecies—Clostridium autoethanogenum,C. ljungdahlii, andC. ragsdalei—using carbon monoxide-containing industrial waste gases or syngas as the sole source of carbon and energy. Through an analysis of theC. ljungdahliigenome, the complete pathway from carbon monoxide to 23BD has been proposed. Homologues of the genes involved in this pathway were also confirmed for the other two species investigated. A gene expression study demonstrates a correlation between mRNA accumulation from 23BD biosynthetic genes and the onset of 23BD production, while a broader expression study of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway genes provides a transcription-level view of one of the oldest existing biochemical pathways.