bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an analytical method for the quantification of cytochrome c in skin transport studies
Authors: Bachhav Yogeshwar G. , Kalia Yogeshvar N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple isocratic HPLC method for the quantification of Cytochrome c in skin permeation samples was developed and validated. The mobile phase comprised a 41 : 59 mixture of an organic phase A (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in a 90 : 10 mixture of MeCN–H2O) and an aqueous phase B (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in H2O). The Cytochrome c retention and run times were 2.62 and 8.0 min, respectively—much shorter than those for existing gradient methods. The response was accurate, precise and linear from 2.5 to 25 μg/mL. The mean recoveries for intra‐day and inter‐day analysis ranged from 88.5 to 103.8% and the RSD varied from 0.05 to 1.55%. The assay was used to quantify transport of Cytochrome c across intact and laser‐microporated porcine skin in vitro. Cytochrome c permeation and the amount of protein retained within the membrane over 24 h were quantified as a function of the number of micropores. Although no Cytochrome c permeation was observed across intact skin, laser microporation enabled delivery of 22.9 ± 3.3 and 56.0 ± 15.9 μg/cm2 of the protein across skin samples with 300 and 1800 micropores, respectively. In conclusion, the HPLC method provided a fast, efficient means to quantify Cytochrome c in samples from skin transport studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiles of adult survivors of severe sexual, physical and emotional institutional abuse in Ireland
Authors: Fitzpatrick Mark , Carr Alan , Dooley Barbara , Flanagan‐Howard Roisín , Flanagan Edel , Tierney Kevin , White Megan , Daly Margaret , Shevlin Mark , Egan Jonathan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult survivors of institutional abuse were interviewed with a comprehensive assessment protocol which included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Institutional Child Abuse Processes and Coping Inventory, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Disorders of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV axis I disorders and personality disorders, the Trauma Symptoms Inventory, a Life Problems Checklist, the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Profiles were identified for subgroups that described severe sexual (N = 60), physical (N = 102), or emotional (N = 85) abuse as their worst forms of maltreatment. Survivors of severe sexual abuse had the most abnormal profile, which was characterised by higher rates of all forms of child maltreatment and higher rates of post‐traumatic stress disorder, alcohol and substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, trauma symptoms and life problems. Survivors of severe emotional abuse were better adjusted than the other two groups. The profile of survivors of severe physical abuse occupied an intermediate position between the other two groups. A thorough assessment of abuse history and current functioning should be conducted when providing services to adult survivors of institutional abuse, since this may have important implications for the intensity of services required. Survivors of severe sexual abuse may require more intensive services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The harms of pornography exposure among children and young people
Authors: Flood Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExposure to pornography is routine among children and young people, with a range of notable and often troubling effects. Particularly among younger children, exposure to pornography may be disturbing or upsetting. Exposure to pornography helps to sustain young people's adherence to sexist and unhealthy notions of sex and relationships. And, especially among boys and young men who are frequent consumers of pornography, including of more violent materials, consumption intensifies attitudes supportive of sexual coercion and increases their likelihood of perpetrating assault. While children and young people are sexual beings and deserve age‐appropriate materials on sex and sexuality, pornography is a poor, and indeed dangerous, sex educator. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional regulation of IER3IP1 gene by tumor necrosis factor‐α and Sp family proteins
Authors: Yiu Wai Han , Yeung Tsz Lun , Poon Jodie Wing Ming , Tsui Stephen Kwok Wing , Fung Kwok Pui , Waye Mary Miu Yee 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImmediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 (IER3IP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein with its potential cellular function involved in cell differentiation and cell death processes. In this report, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which the expression of IER3IP1 gene is regulated by cloning the 5′ flanking region of the human IER3IP1 gene for various promoter studies. Deletion analysis was used to identify the basal promoter activity retained at −298/−59 region and mutation analysis proved that Sp1 is a transcriptional activator of this gene expression. As an early response gene, IER3IP1 showed an increase in transcription in response to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. This inducible response to TNF‐α is mediated by the demonstration of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) responsive element on IER3IP1 promoter sequence. From our results, we suggest that IER3IP1 gene is involved in TNF‐α‐mediated cellular response to stressful conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide‐induced cardiac contracture is associated with decreased myocardial oxidative stress in hypothyroid rats
Authors: da Rosa Araujo Alex Sander , Silva de Miranda Madalena Freitas , de Oliveira Ubirajara Oliveira , Fernandes Tânia , Llesuy Susana , Rios Kucharski Luiz Carlos , Khaper Neelam , Belló‐Klein Adriane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether decreased oxidative stress would increase the resistance to cardiac contracture induced by H2O2 in hypothyroid rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and hypothyroid. Hypothyroidism was induced via thyroidectomy. Four weeks post surgery, blood samples were collected to perform thyroid hormone assessments, and excised hearts were perfused at a constant flow with or without H2O2 (1 mmol/L), being divided into two sub‐groups: control, hypothyroid, control + H2O2, hypothyroid + H2O2. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods, and protein oxidation by carbonyls assay in heart homogenates. Cardiac tissue was also screened for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and for total radical‐trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). Analyses of SOD and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) protein expression were also performed in heart homogenates. Hypothyroid hearts were found to be more resistant to H2O2‐induced contracture (60% elevation in LVEDP) as compared to control. CL, TBARS, carbonyl, as well as SOD, CAT, GPx activities and TRAP levels were reduced (35, 30, 40, 30, 16, 25, and 33%, respectively) in the cardiac homogenates of the hypothyroid group as compared to controls. A decrease in SOD and GST protein levels by 20 and 16%, respectively, was also observed in the hypothyroid group. These results suggest that a hypometabolic state caused by thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to an improved response to H2O2 challenge and is associated with decreased oxidative myocardial damage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diarylpropane‐1,3‐dione Derivatives as TetR‐Inducing Tetracycline Mimetics: Synthesis and Biological Investigations
Authors: Kormann Christian , Pimenta Irina , Löber Stefan , Wimmer Cornelius , Lanig Harald , Clark Timothy , Hillen Wolfgang , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynthesis, biological investigations and molecular docking studies of nonantibiotic and nontetracyclic inducers that feature a minimal key motif of the natural lead tetracycline are presented. The diarylpropane‐1,3‐dione motif was identified as the minimal substructure responsible for TetR induction by tetracyclines. The first nontetracyclic surrogates of the natural tetracyclines displayed significant inducing effects for TetR(BD)S135L, whereby the chlorohydroxyphenyl‐substituted β‐diketone 31 displayed the highest activity. Interestingly, antibiotic activity could not be detected for 31. Homology modeling based on the X‐ray structure of 7‐chlorotetracycline bound to TetR indicated analogous binding modes for the natural inducer and the synthetic diarylpropane‐1,3‐dione derivatives.
γ‐Alumina‐Supported Silver Cluster for N‐Benzylation of Anilines with Alcohols
Authors: Shimizu Kenichi , Nishimura Masanari , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn alumina‐supported silver cluster with a Lewis acidic cocatalyst (polyvalent metal salts, such as FeCl3⋅6 H2O) acts as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the direct N‐alkylation of anilines with benzyl alcohols, which is driven by the borrowing hydrogen mechanism. Systematic studies on the effects of metal (Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag), silver particle size, support oxides (CeO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2), and Lewis acidic additives show four important factors required to achieve selective N‐alkylation of anilines: 1) metal with a weak metal–hydrogen bond energy (i.e., Ag), 2) smaller size of the silver cluster, 3) the support having both acidic and basic sites (i.e., Al2O3), and 4) additives with high Lewis acidity (i.e., FeIII salt). Fundamental information will be useful for the rational design of platinum‐group metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts for environmentally benign CN bond forming reactions.
Supramolecular Assemblies of Polyaniline through Cooperative Bundling by a Palladium‐Complex‐Appended Synthetic Cross‐Linker
Authors: Kaseyama Takahiro , Takebayashi Shinji , Wakabayashi Rie , Shinkai Seiji , Kaneko Kenji , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA synthetic cross‐linker (1) bearing two binding sites for imine moieties in polyaniline has been used to organize polyaniline emeraldine base (EB) or polyaniline emeraldine salt (ES) into aligned assemblies. Complex 1 exhibited highly cooperative binding toward mEB (a repeating unit analogue of EB), for which the association constants K1 and K2 were evaluated to be 2.2×104 and 9.4×105 M‐1, respectively. 1H NMR studies revealed that the diimine moieties in mEB are recognized cooperatively in anti‐conformation by 1. The ordered structures organized from 1 and EB or ES were efficiently formed through supramolecular bundling. These ordered assemblies have a periodicity of 2.5 nm that was confirmed by means of transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM). The cooperative binding would be important for the bundling and alignment of the polymers, as evidenced by the fact that neither reference compounds 2 nor 3 were capable of producing similar assemblies. The electric conductivity of the samples was measured and the results were discussed.
HPLC‐method for determination of permethrin enantiomers using chiral β‐cyclodextrin‐based stationary phase
Authors: Shishovska Maja , Trajkovska Vera 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe liquid chromatographic separation of permethrin enantiomers on chiral β‐cyclodextrin‐based stationary phase has been investigated. All four enantiomers are obtained by using simple methanol and water mobile phase, under gradient mode. The method was optimized and validated. The relationship between temperature and chromatographic parameters: k′ (capacity factor), α (separation factor) and Rs (resolution factor) was studied. Van't Hoff's curves for each enantiomer were plotted for temperature range 288–318 K. It was noticed that the response factor ratio of permethrin isomers differ and calculated value is found to be 1.66 (cis/trans, for n = 5). This method has been used for determining permethrin enantiomer ratio for a few samples of working standards and one formulation. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New applications and challenges for computational ROA spectroscopy
Authors: Pecul Magdalena 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, applications of quantum chemical methods in calculations of the vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra are reviewed and new developements are discussed. Modeling of ROA spectra of amino acids and peptides and applications for establishing absolute configuration are briefly outlined. Particular attention is paid to the modeling of solvent effects on ROA spectra, anharmonicity in ROA, resonance and pre‐resonance ROA spectra, and ROA spectra of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces or metal nanoparticles (surface‐enhanced Raman optical activity, SEROA). Remaining challenges in computational ROA spectroscopy are also pointed out. Chirality 21:E98–E104, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Channel‐like crystal structure of cinchoninium L‐O‐phosphoserine salt dihydrate
Authors: Wesełucha‐Birczyńska Aleksandra , Oleksyn Barbara J. , Wątroba Joanna 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStudies on the interactions between L‐O‐ phosphoserine, as one of the simplest fragments of membrane components, and the Cinchona alkaloid cinchonine, in the crystalline state were performed. Cinchoninium L‐O‐phosposerine salt dihydrate (PhSerCin) crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system, space group P21, with unit cell parameters: a = 8.45400(10) Å, b = 7.17100(10) Å, c = 20.7760(4) Å, α = 90°, β = 98.7830(10)°, γ = 90°, Z = 2. The asymmetric unit consists of the cinchoninium cation linked by hydrogen bonds to a phosphoserine anion and two water molecules. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds connecting phosphoserine anions via water molecules form chains extended along the b axis. Two such chains symmetrically related by twofold screw axis create a “channel.” On both sides of this channel cinchonine cations are attached by hydrogen bonds in which the atoms N1, O12, and water molecules participate. This arrangement mimics the system of bilayer biological membrane. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing the interconversion of a new class of dibenzodiazepine sulfonamide atropisomers
Authors: Welch Christopher J. , Gong Xiaoyi , Schafer Wes , Chobanian Harry , Lin Linus , Biba Mirlinda , Liu Ping , Guo Yan , Beard Adam 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel family of atropisomers based on a conformationally constrained seven membered ring system is investigated using a combination of preparative chiral chromatography, circular dichroism, and other analytical techniques. The influence of structure on the rate of atropisomer interconversion was explored with a series of analogs showing a range of interconversion rates ranging from very fast (undetectable on the HPLC timescale) to very slow (half life of many days). Chirality 21:E105–E109, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
„Ich rieche was, was du nicht riechst”︁:
Authors: Waitz Thomas , Tiemann Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHalbleitende Metalloxid‐Gassensoren werden sowohl im industriellen Bereich als auch im Haushalt zur Luftüberwachung verwendet. Die Funktionsweise basiert auf einer reversiblen Änderung des Sensorwiderstandes in Anwesenheit sowohl oxidierender als auch reduzierender Gase, die mit einfachen Mitteln gemessen werden kann. In diesem Artikel wird vorgestellt, wie sich die bei der Gasdetektion ablaufenden Vorgänge mit Hilfe des Ionosorptionsmodells in Kombination mit einem einfachen Festkörperbändermodell deuten lassen. Abschließend werden einfache, im Chemieunterricht zu realisierende Experimente mit Gassensoren präsentiert.
Grundchemikalien aus Kohlenhydraten
Authors: Eissen Marco , Kammler Maren 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBiomasse wird in absehbarer Zukunft Erdöl als Energielieferant und Rohstoffgrundlage ersetzen. Den größten Anteil der Biomasse stellen Kohlenhydrate dar, aus denen sich Grundchemikalien gewinnen lassen. Während Milchsäure (2‐Hydroxypropansäure) bereits in kommerziell nennenswerten Mengen hergestellt wird, warten andere Produkte wie z. B. 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural noch auf ihren Durchbruch. Die Arbeitsblätter (mit Musterlösungen) sind als online‐Ergänzung zugänglich und zeigen beispielhaft auf, inwiefern sich Alltagsprodukte aus Kohlenhydraten bereits herstellen lassen und wo sich gegenwärtig noch Potentiale verbergen. Übungsaufgaben decken ein breites Spektrum dessen ab, was Schüler mit dem Thema ‚Kohlenhydrate’︁ lernen.
Genistein reverses hypermethylation and induces active histone modifications in tumor suppressor gene B‐Cell translocation gene 3 in prostate cancer
Authors: Majid Shahana , Dar Altaf A. , Shahryari Varahram , Hirata Hiroshi , Ahmad Ardalan , Saini Sharanjot , Tanaka Yuichiro , Dahiya Angela V. , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:B‐cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3/ANA/APRO4) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in some malignancies. We report here that B‐cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) is transcriptionally down‐regulated in prostate cancer and the mechanism of inactivation is through promoter hypermethylation.METHODS:Prostate cancer and normal cell lines were treated with different doses of genistein and 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5Aza‐C). BTG3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in tissues and cell lines. Bisulfate‐modified polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing were used to examine promoter methylation in tumor samples and cell lines. Enzyme activity/inhibition assays were done to check the effect of genistein and 5Aza‐C on DNA methyltransferases. ChIP assay was performed to analyze chromatin modifications caused by genistein treatment.RESULTS:BTG3 mRNA expression was down‐regulated in cancer tissues and cells. Genistein and 5Aza‐C induced BTG3 mRNA expression in all PC cell lines. Complete methylation of BTG3 promoter in tumor samples and cancer cell lines was observed. Genistein and 5Aza‐C treatment significantly decreased promoter methylation, reactivating BTG3 expression. Genistein and 5Aza‐C increased levels of acetylated histones 3, 4, histone 3 dimethylated at lysine 4, histone 3 trimethylated at lysine 4, and RNA polymerase II, decreased DNA methyl transferase and methyl‐binding domain protein 2 activity, and increased histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity.CONCLUSIONS:This is the first report to show that BTG3 is silenced in prostate cancer and can be reactivated by genistein‐induced promoter demethylation and active histone modification. Genistein showed similar effects to that of 5Aza‐C, which is currently undergoing phase 2 clinical trials as a treatment for prostate cancer. Because genistein is a natural, nontoxic, and dietary isoflavone, these results indicate that genistein is a novel, advantageous therapeutic agent for treating prostate cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Combination of cladribine plus topotecan for recurrent or refractory pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Stewart Clinton F. , Crews Kristine R. , Yang Shengping , Pounds Stanley , Pui Ching‐Hon , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Razzouk Bassem I. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The prognosis after recurrence of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, and effective salvage regimens are urgently needed.METHODS:In phase 1 and pilot studies, the authors evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) of a 5‐day course of cladribine followed by topotecan in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory AML. The cladribine dose was escalated as follows: 9.1, 13.6, 16.3, and 19.5 mg/m2 per day (8.9 mg/m2 per day in the pilot study). Outcome was analyzed according to the absence (Stratum 1) versus presence (Stratum 2) of previous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Twenty‐six patients (20 in Stratum 1 and 6 in Stratum 2) were treated.RESULTS:The MTD was not reached in Stratum 1, but a DLT occurred at the lowest cladribine dosage (9.1 mg/m2 per day) in Stratum 2. Febrile neutropenia was common in both strata. Nine (34.6%) of 26 patients experienced a complete response, and 7 (30.4%) achieved a partial response; 5 (19.2%) were long‐term survivors at the time of last follow‒up. Clinical outcome was not associated with cladribine or topotecan systemic exposure.CONCLUSIONS:The combination was well tolerated in Sratum 1, and the response rate was encouraging. This regimen offers a postrecurrence treatment alternative for patients, especially those who have received anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Porous Carbohydrate‐Based Materials via Hard Templating
Authors: Kubo Shiori , Demir‐Cakan Rezan , Zhao Li , White Robin J. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmong various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass (either isolated carbohydrates or crude plants) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon‐based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. In this Minireview, we discuss various synthetic routes towards such porous carbon‐based materials or composites through the HTC process, using the nanocasting procedure. We focus on the synthesis of carbon materials with different pore systems and morphologies directed by the presence of various nanostructured inorganic sacrificial templates. This method allows tailoring of the final structure via the tools of colloid and polymer science, leading to selectable material morphology for a wide range of applications.
Species‐specific injury‐induced cell proliferation in the hippocampus and subventricular zone of food‐storing and nonstoring wild birds
Authors: Law L.M. , Gardner R.D. , Allen T.A. , Lee D.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCells are continuously born and incorporated into the adult hippocampus (HP). Adult neurogenesis might act to increase the total number of cells or replace dead cells. Thus, neurogenesis might be a primary factor in augmenting, maintaining, or even recovering functions. In zebra finches, HP injury increases cell proliferation in the HP and stem cell rich subventricular zone (SVZ). It is unknown what effect injury has on a species dependent upon the HP for survival in the wild. In food‐storing birds, recovery of caches is seasonal, necessary for survival, dependent upon the HP and is concomitant with a peak in HP neurogenesis. During the fall, food‐storing black‐capped chickadees (BCCs) and nonstoring dark‐eyed juncos (DEJs) were captured and given a unilateral penetrating lesion to the HP one day later. On day 3, birds were injected with the mitotic marker 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and perfused on day 10. If unlesioned, more BrdU‐labeled cells were observed in the HP and SVZ of BCCs compared to DEJs, indicating higher innate cell proliferation or incorporation in BCCs. If lesioned, BrdU‐labeled cells increased in the injured HP of both species; however, lesions caused larger increases in DEJs. DEJs also showed increases in BrdU‐labeled cells in the SVZ and contralateral HP. BCCs showed no such increases on day 10. Thus, during the fall food‐storing season, storers showed suppressed injury‐induced cell proliferation and/or reduced survival rates of these new cells compared to nonstorers. These species differences may provide a useful model for isolating factors involved in cellular responses following injury. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2010