bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combretastatin A‐4 inhibits cell growth and metastasis in bladder cancer cells and retards tumour growth in a murine orthotopic bladder tumour model
Authors: Shen Cheng‐Huang , Shee Jia‐Jen , Wu Jin‐Yi , Lin Yi‐Wen , Wu Jiann‐Der , Liu Yi‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBladder cancer is a highly recurrent cancer after intravesical therapy, so new drugs are needed to treat this cancer. Hence, we investigated the anti‐cancer activity of combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4), an anti‐tubulin agent, in human bladder cancer cells and in a murine orthotopic bladder tumour model.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHCytotoxicity of CA‐4 was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining assay and clonogenic survival assay. In vivo microtubule assembly assay, cell cycle analyses, Western blot and cell migration assay were used to study the mechanism of CA‐4. The effect of intravesical CA‐4 therapy on the development of tumours was studied in the murine orthotopic bladder tumour model.KEY RESULTSCA‐4 inhibited microtubule polymerization in vivo. Cytotoxic IC50 values of CA‐4 in human bladder cancer cells were below 4 nM. Analyses of cell‐cycle distribution showed CA‐4 obviously induced G2‐M phase arrest with sub‐G1 formation. The analyses of apoptosis showed that CA‐4 induced caspase‐3 activation and decreased BubR1 and Bub3 in cancer cells. In addition to apoptosis, CA‐4 was also found to induce the formation of multinucleated cells. CA‐4 had a significantly reduced cell migration in vitro. Importantly, the in vivo study revealed that intravesical CA‐4 therapy retarded the development of murine bladder tumours.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese data demonstrate that CA‐4 kills bladder cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. It inhibited cell migration in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Hence, CA‐4 intravesical therapy could provide another strategy for treating superficial bladder cancers.
Red blood cell transfusion practice in elective orthopedic surgery: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Vuille‐Lessard Élise , Boudreault Daniel , Girard François , Ruel Monique , Chagnon Miguel , Hardy Jean‐François 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: The indications for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions remain unclear despite published guidelines. Our hypothesis was that the transfusion practice varies inside the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 701 charts of patients who underwent a knee or hip arthroplasty or prosthesis revision in three hospitals of the CHUM were reviewed. Demography, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, details on transfusions, and postoperative adverse events (AEs) were collected up until discharge. The primary outcome was the presence or absence of RBC transfusion. Secondary outcomes were the nadir Hb, number of units transfused, discharge Hb, blood losses, and postoperative AEs.RESULTS: The rate of postoperative transfusion was 29%. We found no significant difference between odds ratios of each site for sex, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, type of procedure, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, weight, height, body mass index, body surface area, and estimated blood volume. Overall, patients were transfused at a Hb between 75 and 80 g/L. Eighty‐five percent of postoperative transfusions could be predicted using only nadir Hb and adding patient characteristics did not substantially improve the model (86.1%). Discharge Hb was below 100 g/L in 66% of patients.CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference among hospitals regarding the way RBC transfusions are used. Our data suggest that physicians mainly based their decision to transfuse on a single variable, the Hb concentration, with the use of a restrictive strategy. Future trials should focus on the optimal transfusion trigger to adopt in major orthopedic surgery.
Methoprene modulates the effect of diet on male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, performance at mating aggregations
Authors: Haq Ihsan ul , Cáceres C. , Hendrichs J. , Teal P. E. A. , Stauffer C. , Robinson A. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of access to dietary protein (P) (hydrolyzed yeast) and/or treatment with a juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene (M), (in addition to sugar and water) on male aggregation (lekking) behaviour and mating success was studied in a laboratory strain of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Six‐day‐old males were treated with (1) protein and methoprene (M+P+), (2) only protein (M−P+), or (3) only methoprene (M+P−), and compared with 14‐day‐old sexually mature untreated males (M−P−). The lekking behaviour of the four groups of males when competing for virgin sexually mature females (14 –16 days old) was observed in field cages. The following parameters were measured at male aggregations: lek initiation, lek participation, males calling, male–male interaction, female acceptance index, and mating success. For all these parameters, the M+P+ males significantly outperformed the other males. Moreover, for all parameters, there was a similar trend with M+P+ > M−P+ > M−P− > M+P−. More M+P+ males called and initiated and participated in lek activities than all other types of male, which resulted in higher mating success. They had also fewer unsuccessful copulation attempts than their counterparts. Whereas treatment with methoprene alone had a negative effect in young males with only access to sugar, access to dietary protein alone significantly improved young male sexual performance; moreover, the provision of methoprene together with protein had a synergistic effect, improving further male performance at leks. The results are of great relevance for enhancing the application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against this pest species. The fact that access to dietary protein and treatment of sterile males with methoprene improves mating success means that SIT cost‐effectiveness is increased, as more released males survive to sexual maturity.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy detects pigmentary changes in melasma at a cellular level resolution
Authors: Kang Hee Young , Bahadoran Philippe , Suzuki Itaru , Zugaj Didier , Khemis Abdallah , Passeron Thierry , Andres Philippe , Ortonne Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy detects pigmentary changes in melasma at a cellular level resolution. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e228–e233.Abstract:  Melasma is a frequent pigmentary disorder caused by abnormal melanin deposits in the skin. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a repetitive imaging tool that provides real‐time images of the skin at nearly histological resolution. As melanin is the strongest endogenous contrast in human skin, pigmentary disorders are the most suitable candidates for RCM examination but RCM features of melasma have never been reported. This study investigates the pilot use of RCM in melasma to provide a set of well‐described morphological criteria with histological correlations. RCM images were acquired from melasma skin and compared to adjacent control skin in 26 patients. Skin biopsies were obtained from eight patients. In the epidermis, RCM showed in all patients a significant increase in hyperrefractile cobblestoning cells. These cells corresponded to hyperpigmented basal keratinocytes in histology. In six patients, dendritic cells corresponding to activated melanocytes were also found in the epidermis. In the dermis, RCM identified in nine patients plump bright cells corresponding to melanophages. Interestingly, for a given patient, the topographic distribution of melanophages in melasma lesions was very heterogeneous. RCM also showed a significant increase in solar elastosis and blood vessels in the dermis. RCM is a non‐invasive technique that detects pigmentary changes in melasma at a cellular level resolution. Therefore, RCM provides an innovative way to classify melasma by pigment changes.
The effect of a microbead dentifrice on microbial load in oral microenvironments
Authors: Sreenivasan PK , Haraszthy VI , Zambon JJ 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 136–142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00465.x Sreenivasan PK, Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ.The effect of a microbead dentifrice on microbial load in oral microenvironments.Abstract:  Objectives:  The human oral cavity contains several microenvironments or ecologic niches. While mechanical plaque control is well known to reduce the number of supragingival dental plaque bacteria, there is little data on antimicrobial effects in other oral ecologic niches. The present study examined the effects of mechanical plaque control using a microbead dentifrice on bacteria colonizing oral ecologic niches.Methods:  Twenty‐two adults (aged 18–70 years) including nine generalized moderate chronic periodontitis subjects and 13 periodontally healthy subjects having average gingival indices ≥1 and plaque indices ≥1.5 completed a 1 week washout phase and refrained from oral hygiene the morning of baseline sample collection. Microbial samples from supragingival dental plaque, buccal mucosa, dorsal surface of the tongue and whole mixed saliva were obtained. Subjects brushed with a microbead dentifrice and, after 10 min, sampling was repeated. The number of anaerobic bacteria was determined by culture on non‐selective media and transformed to log10 for statistical analyses.Results:  Mechanical plaque control using the microbead dentifrice resulted in statistically significant reductions in bacterial numbers in each ecologic niche (P < 0.001). The greatest reduction in the number of viable bacteria occurred in samples taken from the buccal mucosa (97.22%) followed by a 95.22% reduction in supragingival plaque bacteria, a 94.51% reduction in the number of bacteria on the dorsal surface of the tongue and a 91.57% reduction in the number of bacteria in whole mixed saliva.Conclusions:  Mechanical plaque control using a microbead dentifrice reduces microbial load in microenvironments throughout the human oral cavity.
Barrow Island's Biosecurity: Catching the Unknown Invader
Authors: Jarrad Frith , Whittle Peter , Barrett Susan , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
When industry meets a conservation area, animals or plants from outside may hitch a lift and potentially wreak havoc. How can you be sure of catching the intruders — or at least 80% sure? A government directive instructed Frith Jarrad, Peter Whittle, Susan Barrett and Kerrie Mengersen to come up with a statistically measurable scheme.
Genetic and Isotopic Analysis and the UK Border Agency
Authors: Balding David , Weale Michael , Richards Michael , Thomas Mark 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Can DNA analysis really be used to screen asylum seekers by identifying their country of origin? The immigration authority apparently believed so, and almost put such a scheme into immediate action — without, it seems, consulting academic scientists on the matter. David Balding, Michael Weale, Michael Richards and Mark Thomas examine a worrying story.
Edward Simpson: Bayes at Bletchley Park
Authors: Simpson Edward 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEdward Simpson CB ceased being an active statistician in 1947, when he joined the Civil Service. But statistics owes him much. He is the Simpson of Simpson's index of diversity1 and of Simpson's paradox2, the bizarre apparent contradiction which he published in 1951 and which has puzzled students of statistics ever since. Perhaps more importantly, for the world as well as for statistics, from 1942 to 1945 he was a code breaker at Bletchley Park, where Alan Turing and others broke enemy ciphers and the world's first modern computer was developed. Here Edward Simpson tells the hitherto unpublished story of the part that Bayesian statistics played in breaking two of the enemy ciphers.
Age in Medieval Plagues and Pandemics: Dances of Death or Pearson's Bridge of Life?
Authors: Hanley James , Turner Elizabeth 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Death has long obsessed humanity. In times of plague and pandemic even more so. Medieval man saw four horsemen of the apocalypse, and of them, Death by disease was gathering the greatest harvest. How randomly did he gather? And how random is the death toll in later pandemics?James Hanley and Elizabeth Turner look at Karl Pearson's visualisations of mortality.
3′‐ to 5′ DNA unwinding by TIP49b proteins
Authors: Papin Christophe , Humbert Odile , Kalashnikova Anna , Eckert Kelvin , Morera Solange , Käs Emmanuel , Grigoriev Mikhail 
Published: May 2010

TIP49b (reptin) is an essential eukaryotic AAA+ ATPase involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling during double‐strand break repair, transcriptional regulation, control of cell proliferation and small nucleolar RNA biogenesis. How it acts at the molecular level remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show that both human TIP49b and its yeast orthologue, Rvb2p, cooperatively bind single‐stranded DNA as monomers. Binding stimulates a slow ATPase activity and supports a 3′‐ to 5′ DNA unwinding activity that requires a 3′‐protruding tail ≥ 30 nucleotides. The data obtained indicate that DNA unwinding of 3′‐ to 5′ junctions is also constrained by the length of flanking duplex DNA. By contrast, TIP49b hexamers were found to be inactive for ATP hydrolysis and DNA unwinding, suggesting that, in cells, protein factors that remain unknown might be required to recycle these into an active form.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7804328: TIP49b (uniprotkb:Q4QQS4) and TIP49b (uniprotkb:Q4QQS4) bind (MI:0407) by electron microscopy (MI:0040)
MINT‐7804638: tip49b (uniprotkb:Q4QQS4) and tip49b (uniprotkb:Q4QQS4) bind (MI:0407) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
The quasar mass—luminosity plane — III. Smaller errors on virial mass estimates
Authors: Steinhardt Charles L. , Elvis Martin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We use 62185 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR5 sample to explore the quasar mass–luminosity plane view of virial mass estimation. Previous work shows deviations of ∼0.4 dex between virial and reverberation masses. The decline in quasar number density for the highest Eddington ratio quasars at each redshift provides an upper bound of between 0.13 and 0.29 dex for virial mass estimate statistical uncertainties. Across different redshift bins, the maximum possible Mgii mass uncertainties average 0.15 dex, while Hβ uncertainties average 0.21 dex and Civ uncertainties average 0.27 dex. Any physical spread near the high-Eddington-ratio boundary will produce a more restrictive bound. A comparison of the sub-Eddington boundary slope using Hβ and Mgii masses finds better agreement with uncorrected Mgii masses than with recently proposed corrections. The best agreement for these bright objects is produced by a multiplicative correction by a factor of 1.19, smaller than the factor of 1.8 previously reported as producing the best agreement for the entire SDSS sample.
Two pselaphine species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) new to Korea
Authors: KIM Tae‐Kyu , NOMURA Shûhei , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo pselaphine staphylinid species –Stipesa rudisSharp andTainochus nitidusNomura – are identified for the first time in the Korean peninsula.
First record of the beetle family Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) in Korea
Authors: KIM Yoon‐Gi , KIM Yoon‐Ho , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe beetle family Sphindidae, represented by Aspidiphorus japonicus Reitter and A. sakaii Sasaji, are identified for the first time in Korea. Illustrations of habitus, descriptions, and line drawings of diagnostic characters are provided.
How China's Holdings of Foreign Reserves Affect the Value of the US Dollar in Europe and Asia
Authors: Leightner Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBy January 2009, China held almost US$2tn in foreign reserves. The present paper estimates the marginal effect of China changing its holdings of foreign reserves on the value of the US dollar in Europe and Asia. Because using traditional techniques to find this estimate would be inappropriate due to severe problems resulting from omitted variables, the present paper uses a new approach, bidirectional‐reiterative truncated projected least squares, that has been proven to minimize problems associated with omitted variables. It is found that if China would sell 1 percent of its foreign reserves, then the value of the US dollar would fall by 0.44 percent. With such a large effect, China has an incentive to either not sell any of its US dollar reserves or sell all of its US dollar reserves.
Sub‐lethal Photodynamic Damage to ARPE‐19 Cells Transiently Inhibits Their Phagocytic Activity†
Authors: Olchawa Magdalena , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Zaręba Mariusz , Piłat Anna , Bzowska Małgorzata , Mikołajczyk Tomasz , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEfficient phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) membranes by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a key role in biological renewal of these highly peroxidizable structures. Here, we tested whether photodynamic treatment, mediated by merocyanine 540 (MC 540), rose Bengal or a zinc‐substituted chlorophyllide inhibited phagocytic activity of ARPE‐19 cells in vitro. Specific phagocytosis of fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate‐labeled POS isolated from cow retinas and nonspecific phagocytosis of fluorescent polystyrene beads were measured by flow cytometry. Photodynamic treatment, mediated by all three photosensitizers with sub‐threshold doses, induced significant inhibition of the cell‐specific phagocytosis. The nonspecific phagocytosis was inhibited by photodynamic treatment mediated only by MC 540. The inhibition of phagocytosis was a reversible phenomenon and after 24 h, the photodynamically treated cells exhibited phagocytic activity that was comparable with that of untreated cells. This study provides proof of principle that sub‐threshold photodynamic treatment of ARPE‐19 cells with appropriate photosensitizers is a convenient experimental approach for in vitro study of the effects of oxidative stress on specific phagocytic activity of RPE cells. We postulate that oxidative damage to key components of the cell phagocytic machinery may be responsible for severe impairment of its activity, which can lead to retinal degeneration.
Sequenced RAPD markers to detect hybridization in the barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara, Phasianidae)
Authors: BARBANERA FILIPPO , GUERRINI MONICA , BERTONCINI FRANCO , CAPPELLI FABIO , MUZZEDDU MARCO , DINI FERNANDO 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the Alectoris partridges (Phasianidae), hybridization occurs occasionally as a result of the natural breakdown of isolating mechanisms but more frequently as a result of human activity. No genetic record of hybridization is known for the barbary partridge (A. barbara). This species is distributed mostly in North Africa and, in Europe, on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and on Gibraltar. The risk of hybridization between barbary and red‐legged partridge (A. rufa: Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy) is high in Sardinia and in Spain. We developed two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to detect A. barbara × A. rufa hybrid partridges. We tested them on 125 experimental hybrids, sequenced the relative species‐specific bands and found that the bands and their corresponding sequences were reliably transmitted through a number of generations (F1, F2, F3, BC1, BC2). Our markers represent a highly valuable tool for the preservation of the A. barbara genome from the pressing threat of A. rufa pollution.
Detecting an impact of predation on bird populations depends on the methods used to assess the predators
Authors: Nicoll Malcolm , Norris Ken 
Published: May 2010

Summary 1. In recent decades there have been population declines of many UK bird species, which have become the focus of intense research and debate. Recently, as the populations of potential predators have increased there is concern that increased rates of predation may be contributing to the declines. In this review, we assess the methodologies behind the current published science on the impacts of predators on avian prey in the UK. 2. We identified suitable studies, classified these according to study design (experimental/observational) and assessed the quantity and quality of the data upon which any variation in predation rates was inferred. We then explored whether the underlying study methodology had implications for study outcome. 3. We reviewed 32 published studies and found that typically observational studies comprehensively monitored significantly fewer predator species than experimental studies. Data for a difference in predator abundance from targeted (i.e. bespoke) census techniques were available for less than half of the 32 predator species studied. 4. The probability of a study detecting an impact on prey abundance was strongly, positively related to the quality and quantity of data upon which the gradient in predation rates was inferred. 5. The findings suggest that if a study is based on good quality abundance data for a range of predator species then it is more likely to detect an effect than if it relies on opportunistic data for a smaller number of predators. 6. We recommend that the findings from studies which use opportunistic data, for a limited number of predator species, should be treated with caution and that future studies employ bespoke census techniques to monitor predator abundance for an appropriate suite of predators.
An evidence‐based approach to equine parasite control: It ain't the 60s anymore
Authors: Kaplan R. M. , Nielsen M. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMost veterinarians continue to recommend anthelmintic treatment programmes for horses that derive from knowledge and concepts more than 40 years old. However, much has changed since these recommendations were first introduced and current approaches routinely fail to provide optimal or even adequate levels of parasite control. There are many reasons for this. Recent studies demonstrate that anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites is highly prevalent and multiple‐drug resistance is common in some countries, but few veterinarians take this into account when making treatment decisions or when recommending rotation of anthelmintics. Furthermore, the current approach of treating all horses at frequent intervals was designed specifically to control the highly pathogenic large strongyle,Strongylus vulgaris. But this parasite is now quite uncommon in managed horses in most of the world. Presently, the cyathostomins (small strongyles) are the principal parasitic pathogens of mature horses. The biology and pathogenesis of cyathostomins andS. vulgarisare very different and therefore require an entirely different approach. Furthermore, it is known that parasites are highly over‐dispersed in hosts, such that a small percentage of hosts harbour most of the parasites. The common practices of recommending the same treatment programme for all horses despite great differences in parasite burdens, recommending prophylactic treatment of all horses without indication of parasitic disease or knowing what species of parasites are infecting the horses, recommending use of drugs without knowledge of their efficacy and failing to perform diagnostic (faecal egg count) surveillance for estimating parasite burdens and determining treatment efficacy, are all incompatible with current standards of veterinary practice. Consequently, it is necessary that attitudes and approaches to parasite control in horses undergo a complete overhaul. This is best achieved by following an evidence‐based approach that takes into account all of these issues and is based on science, not tradition.