bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hermeneutic interpretation of a controlled laboratory experiment: a case study of decision‐making with a group support system
Authors: Lee Allen S. , Dennis Alan R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe conduct a case study of a laboratory experiment involving a group support system and explain how it went awry. We take the perspectives of the experiment's human subjects and the researchers themselves as the basis on which to interpret what happened in the experiment. We interpret the researchers as imputing, to the human subjects, the ‘conduit model’ of communication and the ‘calculator model’ of human information processing, which together constitute an instance of Ricoeur's hermeneutic ‘world behind the text’. We interpret the human subjects as importing, into the laboratory, their socially constructed world of personal friends, their histories and even their popular culture – a world that is an instance of Ricoeur's hermeneutic ‘world in front of the text’. We explain the experiment's going awry as following from the researchers' not accounting for, much less being aware of, the disparity between the two worlds. In taking the human subjects and the researchers seriously as human beings, we make recommendations about how such experiments might be better conducted, particularly in information systems research.
Classification of patients by severity grades during triage in the emergency department using data mining methods
Authors: Zmiri Dror , Shahar Yuval , Taieb‐Maimon Meirav 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective  To test the feasibility of classifying emergency department patients into severity grades using data mining methods.Design  Emergency department records of 402 patients were classified into five severity grades by two expert physicians. The Naïve Bayes and C4.5 algorithms were applied to produce classifiers from patient data into severity grades. The classifiers' results over several subsets of the data were compared with the physicians' assessments, with a random classifier, and with a classifier that selects the maximal‐prevalence class.Measurements  Positive predictive value, multiple‐class extensions of sensitivity and specificity combinations, and entropy change.Results  The mean accuracy of the data mining classifiers was 52.94 ± 5.89%, significantly better (P < 0.05) than the mean accuracy of a random classifier (34.60 ± 2.40%). The entropy of the input data sets was reduced through classification by a mean of 10.1%. Allowing for classification deviations of one severity grade led to mean accuracy of 85.42 ± 1.42%. The classifiers' accuracy in that case was similar to the physicians' consensus rate. Learning from consensus records led to better performance. Reducing the number of severity grades improved results in certain cases. The performance of the Naïve Bayes and C4.5 algorithms was similar; in unbalanced data sets, Naïve Bayes performed better.Conclusions  It is possible to produce a computerized classification model for the severity grade of triage patients, using data mining methods. Learning from patient records regarding which there is a consensus of several physicians is preferable to learning from each physician's patients. Either Naïve Bayes or C4.5 can be used; Naïve Bayes is preferable for unbalanced data sets. An ambiguity in the intermediate severity grades seems to hamper both the physicians' agreement and the classifiers' accuracy.
Sprouting and shoot development of Sonchus arvensis in relation to initial root size
Authors: ANBARI S , LUNDKVIST A , VERWIJST T 
Published: December 2010

Anbari S, Lundkvist A & Verwijst T (2011). Sprouting and shoot development of Sonchus arvensis in relation to initial root size. Weed Research51, 142–150.SummaryTo assess the effects of initial root size of Sonchus arvensis on sprouting and shoot development, an outdoor box experiment was performed in Sweden in 2008. Shoot emergence time, shoot numbers, rosette size and flower production were quantified as functions of root length and weight. Emergence of the first shoot per root and of later cohorts was delayed with decreasing root length and weight. Number of shoots per root increased with root length and weight, but per unit root length and weight, short roots produced more shoots. The first emerging rosettes were, for rosettes of a given age, larger for longer roots. Total rosette area per root 5 weeks after planting increased with increasing root length and weight. The number of flowers and production of mature seeds were positively related to root length and weight, because of delayed sprouting of short and light roots. The proportion of flowers leading to mature seeds declined with shoot emergence time. By clarifying relationships between root size and growth parameters, this study showed that fragmenting of S. arvensis roots delays phenological development and hampers reproduction by seeds. The information may be used to refine mechanical weed control strategies for S. arvensis.
Neonicotinoid resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) from Australian cotton
Authors: Herron Grant A , Wilson Lewis J 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCotton or melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is an important pest of cotton, and recently the neonicotinoid group of insecticides has provided a key option for control where they are used as seed treatments and foliar sprays. Here we document for the first time in Australian cotton, resistance to three neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam) in A. gossypii via diagnostic discriminating concentration assays that were also associated with field control failure. Subsequent full log dose probit analysis on strains with discriminating dose survivors confirmed acetamiprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam resistance at 6.4‐, 10‐ and 22‐fold, respectively. Further laboratory pressuring of strains caused acetamiprid resistance to significantly increase to 22‐fold but resistance factors to clothianidin and thiamethoxam were unchanged. Clearly there is a need to reduce overall neonicotinoid selection to prevent or slow any increase in neonicotinoid resistance. An effective method to contain resistance would be to move away from the more persistent neonicotinoid seed dressings to either organophosphate or carbamate‐based products and to limit the use of neonicotinoid foliar sprays.
Novel use of a micro‐computed tomography scanner to trace larvae of wood boring insects
Authors: Jennings John T , Austin Andrew D 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTracing the tunnels of wood boring larvae in wood or other plant material is generally a difficult and destructive process. Here we present a novel non‐destructive method using an in vivo micro‐CT scanner to obtain tomograms of small tunnels. The tunnels were formed by larval xiphydriid woodwasps in the branches of the Tasmanian tree Anodopetalum biglandulosum (Cunoniaceae) and show that, as the larvae develop, the tunnels become progressively larger until pupation occurs just below the surface of the bark. The adult then chews its way through the remaining wood and bark before emerging. This non‐destructive method is discussed more broadly in regard to its application for tracing the tunnels of wood boring insects, for detecting insects in grain and other plant material for quarantine purposes, and for tracking the tunnelling behaviour and development of live insects in wood.
Egg gigantism in some Australian earth‐borer beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) and its apparent association with reduction or elimination of larval feeding
Authors: Houston Terry F 
Published: December 2010

AbstractField and laboratory observations have revealed that four Western Australian bolboceratine beetle species (Blackburnium reichei (Guérin‐Méneville), Blackbolbus frontalis (Guérin‐Méneville), Bolborhachium inclinatum Howden and Bolborhachium trituberculatum (Bainbridge)) develop and lay one relatively gigantic egg at a time. Eggs of Bbu. reichei weighed up to 56% as much as the females that laid them. These observations accord with earlier reports of egg gigantism in two other Bolborhachium species. However, while those earlier reports noted that the eggs were deposited in large brood cells provisioned with a ‘humus‐like material’, no comparable provision was found in the present study (with the possible exception of Bbo. frontalis). Larvae of Bbu. reichei, Brh. trituberculatum and Blackbolbus hoplocephalus (Lea) and the pupa of the latter species are briefly described and illustrated for the first time. The final instar larva of Bbo. hoplocephalus was unusual in its globose body form, vestigial appendages and complete immobility. Evidence is presented which suggests that females of at least Bbu. reichei (and probably other species) deposit their eggs in comparatively small, bare, earthen cells and development to adulthood takes place in the absence of larval feeding. Comparisons are made with similar biology reported for some European cave beetles.
Geostatistical analysis of the attractive distance of two different sizes of yellow sticky traps for greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in cherry tomato greenhouses
Authors: Park Jung‐Joon , Lee Joon‐Ho , Shin Key‐Il , Lee Sung Eun , Cho Kijong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVariogram analysis was used to estimate and compare the attractive distances of two different sizes of yellow sticky traps (small trap: 9.6 × 8.0 cm; large trap: 9.6 × 16 cm) for sampling greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), adults in four commercial cherry tomato greenhouses, during 2002–2003. The patch size of T. vaporariorum immatures between plants was also estimated using visual counts. Within each greenhouse, 64 permanent sampling stations were established on an 8 × 8 grid, with one yellow sticky trap or one tomato plant per location. Standardised exponential and Gaussian variogram models were fitted to the empirical variograms developed from the data collected by each sampling method. All the variograms reached the sill indicating the presence of spatial dependence among the spatial data obtained by the two sampling methods. For T. vaporariorum adults on sticky traps the range of variogram (a measure of attractive distance) was not considerably different between the two trap sizes: 15.40 and 15.95 m for the large and small traps, respectively. This result indicated that the attractive distances of the two different yellow sticky traps were very similar. The ranges of the variograms for the visual count of immatures on plants were always less (7.49–10.00 m) than those for adults, indicating that the attractive distance of the traps for T. vaporariorum adults extends beyond the patch size for immatures on cherry tomato plants. These data have implications for developing sampling plans for the management of T. vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses.
Comparison of yellow and white pan traps in surveys of bee fauna in New South Wales, Australia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)
Authors: Gollan John R , Ashcroft Michael B , Batley Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPan trapping is a standardised and commonly used method for collecting bees, but characteristics of the trap may influence its effectiveness or bias results. The effect of trap colour on the species and numbers caught has been studied in the Northern Hemisphere, but not in the Australian region. Australia has a unique bee fauna and colour preferences, if any, may differ from those found in other continents. In four separate surveys across a wide area of New South Wales, it was tested whether there was a difference in the abundance or species richness captured by yellow‐ and white‐coloured pan traps. In total, 1267 bees were collected, comprising 66 species, 50 of which are in the family Halictidae. In all surveys, yellow pan traps collected a significantly larger number and greater diversity of bees. Eight of the thirteen most common species were observed significantly more frequently (P < 0.01) in yellow pan traps, while the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) was found in larger numbers in white traps. Our results demonstrate that differently coloured traps collect different components of the Australian bee fauna. Therefore, a variety of pan colours should be used when sampling overall bee biodiversity, but specific colours may be more effective when targeting certain groups or species.
Relative humidity controls pupation success and dropping behaviour of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Steiner Marilyn Y , Spohr Lorraine J , Goodwin Stephen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn investigation into relative humidity (RH) requirements for successful pupation of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, found that RH greater than 80% was necessary for late‐stage second instars to survive to pupation, with at least 90% RH being optimal. RH also impacted on dropping behaviour of late‐stage larvae to pupate below a leaf surface. The mean RH for the change point for larvae to drop rather than remain on the plant surface was 81.2% (95% confidence interval 77.0%, 86.9%), with lower RH inducing dropping. A change in water relationships within the larva is proposed as the most likely mechanism for determining whether it remains on the plant or drops to pupate. These findings have implications with respect to integrated pest management options, particularly the management of RH in greenhouse situations, whether to target the ground or crop canopy, or choice and placement of biocontrol agents.
Review of the biology and control of Creontiades dilutus (Stål) (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: McColl Stuart A , Khan Moazzem , Umina Paul A 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHere we review the current knowledge of green mirids, Creontiades dilutus (Hemiptera: Miridae). Creontiades dilutus are highly polyphagous pests that are endemic to Australia. They are widely distributed across Australia and feed on a broad range of agricultural crops. Recently, C. dilutus has become an important focus of pest control in Australian cotton crops, most likely due to a decrease in insecticide use associated with the widespread uptake of transgenic cotton varieties. Prior to this, C. dilutus had been coincidentally controlled in cotton by applications of insecticides targeted at other pests such as Helicoverpa spp. Further, the pest status of C. dilutus in summer pulse crops has become more apparent due to the increased research dedicated to this area over the past decade. We review various aspects of the biology and ecology of C. dilutus, including their life cycle, feeding behaviour and host plants. We also examine current control methods and laboratory‐rearing techniques, which will be important for the development of novel control strategies in cotton and other cropping environments. Possible future research directions are highlighted, such as dispersal capabilities and extent of genetic structure within C. dilutus populations, as these will have important implications for effective and sustainable control in the future.
Age at diagnosis as a powerful predictor for disease recurrence after radical nephrectomy in Japanese patients with pT1 renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Muramaki Mototsugu , Miyake Hideaki , Sakai Iori , Kondo Yutaka , Kusuda Yuji , Yamada Yuji , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: December 2010

Objectives:  To review clinical outcomes and to identify clinicopathological variables as predictors of disease recurrence in a cohort of Japanese patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods:  The present study included a total of 710 consecutive Japanese patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and were diagnosed as having localized pT1 RCC. The significance of several clinicopathological factors in predicting postoperative disease recurrence was assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses.Results:  Median age was 66 years (range 32–90 years). Open and laparoscopic radical nephrectomies were carried out for 436 (61.4%) and 274 (38.6%) patients, respectively. Tumor size was 4 cm or less in 461 (64.9%) patients and greater than 4 cm and 249 (35.1%) patients. During the observation period (median 36 months; range 3–111 months), postoperative disease recurrence developed in 37 patients (5.2%), of whom 10 (1.4%) died of disease progression. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 98.3%, 95.0% and 92.7%, respectively. Age at diagnosis and tumor size were found to be significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival at both univariable and multivariable analysis. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the recurrence‐free survival with respect to both independent predictors.Conclusions:  Age at diagnosis in addition to tumor size appears to be independently related to disease recurrence in Japanese patients with pT1 RCC. Thus, an intensive follow up for older patients seems to be advisable.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOW‐DOSE ASPIRIN‐ASSOCIATED SMALL BOWEL INJURY USING A CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY SCORING INDEX
Authors: Endo Hiroki , Hosono Kunihiro , Higurashi Takuma , Sakai Eiji , Iida Hiroshi , Sakamoto Yasunari , Fujita Koji , Takahashi Hirokazu , Koide Tomoko , Yoneda Masato , Tokoro Chikako , Inamori Masahiko , Abe Yasunobu , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  The major limitation of capsule endoscopy (CE) has been the lack of a standardized and validated severity scale for mucosal injury. The aim of the present study was to verify the usefulness of quantifying small bowel mucosal changes associated with giving low‐dose aspirin (LDA) using a CE scoring index.Methods:  The CE score for small bowel mucosal injury was investigated to evaluate the severity of mucosal injury. Healthy volunteers and patients suspected of having small bowel disease were recruited for this study. The short‐term LDA group (V + S‐LDA group) consisted of volunteers who took low‐dose aspirin for 14 days; this group was then compared with healthy volunteers who did not receive LDA treatment (V‐Control group). The long‐term LDA group (L‐LDA group) consisted of patients with at least a 3‐month history of daily LDA use; this group was compared with non‐users of LDA (P‐Control group).Results:  The CE score was significantly higher in the V + S‐LDA group than in the V‐Control group. In the V‐Control group, almost all the subjects were categorized as exhibiting a ‘normal’ change. ‘Mild’ changes were observed significantly more frequently in the V + S‐LDA group than in the V‐Control group. The CE score was significantly higher in the L‐LDA group than in the P‐Control group. ‘Mild’ or ‘moderate or severe’ changes were observed significantly more frequently in the L‐LDA group than in the P‐Control group.Conclusion:  The CE scoring system was useful for evaluating LDA‐associated small bowel mucosal disease activity and for objectively scoring the small bowel inflammatory disease state.
SINGLE‐SESSION ENDOSCOPIC BILATERAL Y‐CONFIGURED PLACEMENT OF METAL STENTS FOR HILAR MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Kanno Yoshihide , Ito Kei , Fujita Naotaka , Noda Yutaka , Kobayashi Go , Obana Takashi , Horaguchi Jun , Takasawa Osamu , Kato Yuhei , Koshita Shinsuke , Yamashita Yasunobu , Ogawa Takahisa 
Published: December 2010

Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic bilateral biliary metal stent placement for hilar malignant obstruction.Patients and Methods:  Twenty patients with unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction who had undergone endoscopic bilateral Y‐configured biliary drainage with metal stents were enrolled as a study group (YMS group). Thirty‐seven patients who had undergone bilateral drainage with plastic stents were selected as a historical control (PS group). Two newly designed metal stents for bilateral Y‐configured placement were endoscopically deployed in a partial stent‐in‐stent manner in one session. Technical success, early complications, and stent patency were evaluated.Results:  The technical success rate in the YMS group was 100%. Mild post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis occurred in one patient in the YMS group and in two in the PS group. The success rate of biliary decompression was 95% in the YMS group and 89% in the PS group (P = 0.65). During a median follow‐up period of 7.3 months, the incidence of stent occlusion in the YMS group was significantly lower than that in the PS group (30% vs 62%, P = 0.028). Mean stent patency in the YMS group was 250 days and that in the PS group was 115 days (P = 0.0061). Risk factors for stent occlusion were bile duct cancer (P = 0.035) and the PS group (P = 0.07) by multivariate analysis.Conclusion:  Single‐session endoscopic bilateral biliary placement of newly designed metal stents for hilar malignant obstruction is safe and useful with a high technical success rate and a long patency period.
CARDIOVASCULAR TOLERANCE AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS RESPONSES IN UNSEDATED UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SMALL‐CALIBER ENDOSCOPY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSNASAL AND PERORAL PROCEDURES WITH NEWLY DEVELOPED MOUTHPIECE
Authors: Kataoka Hiromi , Hayano Junichiro , Mizushima Takashi , Tanaka Mamoru , Kubota Eiji , Shimura Takaya , Mizoshita Tsutomu , Tanida Satoshi , Kamiya Takeshi , Nojiri Shunsuke , Mukai Seiji , Mizuno Kiyoshi , Joh Takashi 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with small‐caliber endoscopy appears to be less stressful to the cardiovascular system and has good patient tolerance. ENDO LEADER, a newly developed mouthpiece for peroral EGD with small‐caliber endoscopy, is expected to reduce patient stress. We compared the patient acceptance, cardiovascular tolerance and autonomic nervous responses between transnasal EGD and peroral EGD with ENDO LEADER.Patients and Methods:  A total of 130 patients (transnasal group, 77; peroral group, 53) were enrolled. Pulse rate (P), blood pressure (BP), and peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored. Acceptance of EGD was also assessed. Autonomic nervous responses were evaluated through analysis of heart rate variability using amplitude of the high‐frequency component (HF) and low‐frequency‐to‐high‐frequency power ratio (LF/HF) as indices of cardiac vagal activity and sympathetic activity, respectively.Results:  Analysis of patient acceptance showed no differences between the two groups, except with regard to nasal pain. Increases in BP and P between before and during EGD examination were significantly higher in the peroral group. Although throat pain and overall tolerance scores were significantly correlated with ΔBP and ΔP, no correlations with nasal pain score were noted. Heart rate variability analysis revealed that heart rate increased significantly in the peroral group, but there were no differences in ΔHF or ΔLF/HF between the two groups.Conclusions:  Patient acceptance was not significantly different between the transnasal and peroral with ENDO LEADER groups; however, transnasal EGD appears to be less stressful to the sympathetic nervous system, leading to smaller elevations in BP, P and heart rate.