bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the acute toxicities of novel algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to various marine organisms
Authors: Kim Seong J , Yim Eun C , Park In T , Kim Si W , Cho Hoon 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Acute toxicity assessments of new algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to the marine ecological system were conducted. The toxicity assessments were performed using two of the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods employing Ulva pertusa Kjellman and three species representative of the marine ecological system, with the results compared by calculating the 50% effective concentration (EC50), 50% lethal concentration (LC50), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), and predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). In the acute toxicity assessment using the Kjellman, the EC50, NOEC, and PNEC of TD53 were 1.65 µM, 0.08 µM, and 1.65 nM, and those of TD49 were 0.18 µM, 0.63 µM, and 0.18 nM. In the assessments using Skeletonema costatum, Daphnia magna, and Paralichthys olivaceus fry, the EC50 or LC50 of TD53 were 1.53, 0.61, and 2.14 µM, respectively, indicating that D. magna was the most sensitive. The calculated NOEC and PNEC to D. magna were 0.25 µM and 6.10 nM, respectively. The LC50s (or EC50) of TD49 for the three species were 0.34, 0.68, and 0.58 µM. The NOEC and PNEC to S. costatum, the most sensitive species, were 0.2 µM and 3.4 nM, respectively. The slight difference in the chemical structures of the algicides caused significantly different sensitivities and specificities in the toxicities to the employed species. The results of the toxicity assessments showed that application concentrations for algiciding of red tide blooms were higher than the corresponding PNEC values. Therefore, we suggest that a formulization study of the algicides with high specificity should be conducted to reduce the surrounding ecological toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2810–2816. © 2011 SETAC
Toxicity of raw and neutralized bauxite refinery residue liquors to the freshwater cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia and the marine amphipod Paracalliope australis
Authors: Howe Pelli Louise , Clark Malcolm W , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda , Johnston Max 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The extraction of alumina from bauxite produces a highly toxic residue, termed bauxite refinery residue (BRR) or red mud. The toxicity of this material is due to chemical and biological effects of high pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and Na+ and Al3+ concentrations. Several neutralization techniques may allow BRR to be used for environmental remediation. The present study investigated standardized 48-h acute toxicity tests with a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and a marine amphipod, Paracalliope australis, against raw supernatant BRR liquor (RL) versus liquors neutralized with acid (ANL), CO2 (CNL), seawater (SNL), and a hybrid method (HNL). Based on 48-h LC50 values, the toxicity of the liquors to C. dubia increased in the following order; HNL ≤ SNL &lt; ANL ≤ CNL &lt; RL, with comparable responses from P. australis. The high toxicity of RL likely is due to high pH (∼12), alkalinity, and Al concentration. Toxicity of CNL likely is due to high EC and alkalinity. Sulfate and Na+ concentrations are considered sources of toxicity in ANL. Seawater-neutralized liquor and HNL were considerably less toxic to both test species. These data provide evidence of the acute lethal toxicity of raw supernatant liquor from BRR and four neutralized supernatant liquors to the freshwater cladoceran C. dubia and the marine amphipod P. australis, providing valuable baselines for further ecotoxicological investigations of BRR materials in aquatic environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2817–2824. © 2011 SETAC
Effects of rainfall intensity fluctuations on infiltration and runoff: rainfall simulation on dryland soils, Fowlers Gap, Australia
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSmall plots and a dripper rainfall simulator were used to explore the significance of the intensity fluctuations (‘event profile’) within simulated rainfall events on infiltration and runoff from bare, crusted dryland soils. Rainfall was applied at mean rain rates of 10 mm/h. Fourteen simulated rainfall events each involved more than 5000 changes of intensity and included multipeak events with a 25‐mm/h peak of intensity early in the event or late in the event and an event that included a temporary cessation of rain. These are all event profiles commonly seen in natural rain but rarely addressed in rainfall simulation. A rectangular event profile of constant intensity, as commonly used in rainfall simulation experiments, was also adopted for comparative purposes.Results demonstrate that event profile exerts an important effect on infiltration and runoff for these soils and rainfall event profiles. ‘Uniform’ events of unvarying intensity yielded the lowest total runoff, the lowest peak runoff rate and the lowest runoff ratio (0.13). These parameters increased for ‘early peak’ profiles (runoff ratio 0.24) and reached maxima for ‘late peak’ profiles (runoff ratio 0.50). Differences in runoff ratio and peak runoff rate between the ‘uniform’ event profile and those of varying intensity were all statistically significant at p ≤ 0.01. Compared with ‘uniform’ runs, the varying intensity runs yielded larger runoff ratios and peak runoff rates, exceeding those of the ‘uniform’ events by 85%–570%.These results suggest that for small‐plot studies of infiltration and erosion, the continued use of constant rainfall intensity simulations may be sacrificing important information and misrepresenting the mechanisms involved in runoff generation.The implications of these findings for the ecohydrology of the research site, an area of contour‐aligned banded vegetation in which runoff and runon are of critical importance, are highlighted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution analyses of copy number changes in disseminated tumor cells of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Mathiesen Randi R. , Fjelldal Renathe , Liestøl Knut , Due Eldri U. , Geigl Jochen B. , Riethdorf Sabine , Borgen Elin , Rye Inga H. , Schneider Ida J. , Obenauf Anna C. , Mauermann Oliver , Nilsen Gro , Christian Lingjærde Ole , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Pantel Klaus , Speicher Michael R. , Naume Bjørn , Baumbusch Lars O. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) identifies breast cancer patients with less favorable outcome. Furthermore, molecular characterization is required to investigate the malignant potential of these cells. This study presents a single‐cell array comparative genomic hybridization (SCaCGH) method providing molecular analysis of immunomorphologically detected DTCs. The resolution limit of the method was estimated using the cancer cell line SK‐BR‐3 on 44 and 244k arrays. The technique was further tested on 28 circulating tumor cells and four hematopoietic cells (HCs) from peripheral blood (n = 8 patients). The SCaCGH method was finally applied to 24 DTCs, three immunopositive cells morphologically classified as probable HCs from breast cancer patients and five HC controls from BM (n = 7 patients plus n = 1 healthy donor). The frequency of copy number changes of the DTCs revealed similarities with primary breast tumor samples. Three of the patients had available profiles for DTCs and the corresponding tumor tissue from primary surgery. More than two‐third of the analyzed DTCs disclosed equivalent changes, both to each other and to the corresponding primary disease, whereas the rest of the cells showed balanced profiles. The probable HCs revealed either balanced profiles (n = 2) or changes comparable to the tumor tissue and DTCs (n = 1), indicating morphological overlap between HCs and DTCs. Similar aberration patterns were visible in DTCs collected at diagnosis and at 3 years relapse‐free follow‐up. SCaCGH may be a powerful tool for the molecular characterization of DTCs.
An interaction between carotene‐15,15′‐monooxygenase expression and consumption of a tomato or lycopene‐containing diet impacts serum and testicular testosterone
Authors: Ford Nikki A. , Moran Nancy Engelmann , Smith Joshua W. , Clinton Steven K. , Erdman John W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLycopene, the red pigment of tomatoes, is hypothesized to reduce prostate cancer risk, a disease strongly dependent upon testosterone. In this study, mice lacking the expression of carotene‐15,15′‐monooxygenase (CMO‐I−/−) or wild‐type mice were fed either a 10% tomato powder (TP), lycopene‐containing (248 nmol/g diet) or their respective control diets for 4 days, after which serum testosterone was measured. A significant diet × genotype interaction (p = 0.02) suggests that the TP reduces serum testosterone concentrations in CMO‐I−/− mice but not in wild‐type mice. Similarly, testicular testosterone was lowered in TP‐fed CMO‐I−/− mice (p = 0.01), suggesting that testosterone synthesis may be inhibited in this group. A similar pattern was also observed for lycopene fed mice. Interestingly, the CMO‐I−/− mice showed a greater expression of the gene encoding the CMO‐II enzyme responsible for eccentric oxidative carotenoid cleavage in the testes. Therefore, we hypothesize that serum testosterone is reduced by lycopene metabolic products of oxidative cleavage by CMO‐II in the testes. Overall, these findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms impacting CMO‐I expression and its interaction with CMO‐II, coupled with variations in dietary lycopene, may modulate testosterone synthesis and serum concentrations. Furthermore, carefully controlled studies with tomato products and lycopene in genetically defined murine models may elucidate important diet × genetic interactions that may impact prostate cancer risk.
Individualism–collectivism and team member performance: Another look
Authors: Wagner John A. , Humphrey Stephen E. , Meyer Christopher J. , Hollenbeck John R. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThis study revisits the commonplace research conclusion that greater team member collectivism, as opposed to individualism, is associated with higher levels of individual‐level performance in teams. Whereas this conclusion is based on the assumption that work in teams consists exclusively of tasks that are shared, typical teamwork also includes tasks that are individualized. Results of a laboratory study of 206 participants performing a mix of individualized and shared tasks in four‐person teams indicate that heterogeneous combinations of individualism and collectivism are associated with higher levels of team member performance, measured as quantity of output, when loose structural interdependence enables individual differences in individualism–collectivism to exert meaningful effects. These results support the modified conclusion that a combination of individualism and collectivism is associated with higher levels of member performance in teams under typical work conditions; that is, conditions in which the tasks of individual members are both individualized and shared. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roughness length estimation along road transects using airborne LIDAR data
Authors: Hammond D. S. , Chapman L. , Thornes J. E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRoughness length (Z0) is traditionally used as the primary measure of the aerodynamic roughness of a surface, but is notoriously difficult to estimate. This study takes a new approach to the estimation of Z0, using high resolution LIDAR data coupled with spatial processing techniques to provide estimates of effective roughness length (Z0eff) based upon the prevailing wind direction and the height of the surface elements (e.g. buildings, trees) within a defined area of upwind fetch. The range of roughness values obtained using this new technique is consistent with published values obtained from detailed boundary layer experiments, and is shown to distinguish between a variety of landuse categories, ranging from high density urban areas to rural farmland. Indeed, comparisons in Z0eff values between different landuse classes using a detailed land‐cover dataset have revealed significant differences in surface roughness between landuse classes, giving confidence not only in the technique itself but also to the validity of the land‐cover dataset used in the study. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Use of time‐resolved FRET to validate crystal structure of complement regulatory complex between C3b and factor H (N terminus)
Authors: Pechtl Isabell C. , Neely Robert K. , Dryden David T.F. , Jones Anita C. , Barlow Paul N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStructural knowledge of interactions amongst the ∼ 40 proteins of the human complement system, which is central to immune surveillance and homeostasis, is expanding due primarily to X‐ray diffraction of co‐crystallized proteins. Orthogonal evidence, in solution, for the physiological relevance of such co‐crystal structures is valuable since intermolecular affinities are generally weak‐to‐medium and inter‐domain mobility may be important. In this current work, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to investigate the 10 μM KD (210 kD) complex between the N‐terminal region of the soluble complement regulator, factor H (FH1‐4), and the key activation‐specific complement fragment, C3b. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, seven cysteines were introduced individually at potentially informative positions within the four CCP modules comprising FH1‐4, then used for fluorophore attachment. C3b possesses a thioester domain featuring an internal cycloglutamyl cysteine thioester; upon hydrolysis this yields a free thiol (Cys988) that was also fluorescently tagged. Labeled proteins were functionally active as cofactors for cleavage of C3b to iC3b except for FH1‐4(Q40C) where conjugation with the fluorophore likely abrogated interaction with the protease, factor I. Time‐resolved FRET measurements were undertaken to explore interactions between FH1‐4 and C3b in fluid phase and under near‐physiological conditions. These experiments confirmed that, as in the cocrystal structure, FH1‐4 binds to C3b with CCP module 1 furthest from, and CCP module 4 closest to, the thioester domain, placing subsequent modules of FH near to any surface to which C3b is attached. The data do not rule out flexibility of the thioester domain relative to the remainder of the complex.
Engineering homooligomeric proteins to detect weak intersite allosteric communication: Aminotransferases, a case study
Authors: Deu Edgar , Kirsch Jack F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe existence of low levels of intersubunit communication in homooligomeric enzymes is often difficult to discover, as the identical active sites cannot be probed individually to dissect their interdependent contributions. The homodimeric paralogs, E. coli aspartate‐ (AATase) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TATase), have not been demonstrated to show allostery. To address this question, we engineered a hybrid aminotransferase containing two distinct catalytic pockets: an AATase and a TATase site. The TATase/AATase hybrid was constructed by grafting an engineered TATase active site into one of the catalytic pockets of E. coli AATase. Each active site conserves its specific catalytic and inhibitor binding properties, and the hybrid catalyzes simultaneously each aminotransferase reaction at the respective site. Importantly, association of a selective inhibitor into one of the catalytic pockets decreases the activity of the second active site by up to 25%, thus proving unequivocally the existence of allosteric communication between active sites. The procedure may be applicable to other homologous sets of enzymes.
Influence of microphysical processes on the potential vorticity development in a warm conveyor belt: a case‐study with the limited‐area model COSMO
Authors: Joos H. , Wernli H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe potential vorticity (PV) in warm conveyor belts (WCBs) is strongly influenced by the latent heating associated with the various microphysical processes occurring during the formation of clouds. The first‐order effect is that PV increases below the level of maximum diabatic heating and decreases above. Thus, the WCB reaches the upper troposphere with low PV values and has the potential to influence the large‐scale dynamics. In order to quantify the influence of different microphysical processes on the diabatic heating rates (DHRs) and associated PV development during the ascent, a Lagrangian analysis is used and applied to a regional model simulation of a selected WCB event. First, the individual DHRs caused by the various microphysical processes are calculated with the COSMO model. Then, the DHRs and the associated changes in PV are evaluated along the WCB trajectories. The relative role of the different microphysical processes is quantified for the latent heating and the diabatic PV modification, for which the gradient of the latent heating and the absolute vorticity are crucially important. It is shown that condensation of vapour and depositional growth of snow each contribute ∼10 K to the total latent heating. However, the diabatic PV modification due to condensation is stronger since it occurs close to the cold frontal low‐level maximum of the z‐component of the absolute vorticity, ηz, whereas a similar heating rate gradient caused by depositional growth of snow modifies the PV much less since it occurs in a region with much weaker ηz. This highlights the importance of ηz for determining the PV modification due to a certain diabatic heating rate. Furthermore, cooling processes like the evaporation of rain, also co‐occurring with high ηz near the surface cold front, have the potential to strongly modify the PV below the WCB. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Construction of association networks from communication in teams working on complex projects
Authors: Dabbish Laura , Towne Ben , Diesner Jana , Herbsleb James 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces a semi‐automated method for extracting the associations among components of a complex engineering project by mining transcripts of design discussions about the engineered artifact. We contribute a novel method for deriving network data from communication data. This method uses relational text analysis to construct networks representing associations among designed pieces of the artifact. Our analysis shows that association networks extracted with this method correlate highly with those extracted by humans, and those constructed based on expert interviews. This method can help scholars and practitioners understand the nature and evolution of the relationship between tasks and components, and the successful execution of complex projects. The association networks produced by our method can be used to reveal key properties of the project and may suggest the coordination required among project members. Collaboration technologies could potentially take advantage of these networks to infer gaps in actual coordination, discover changes in dependencies among team members as they emerge, and suggest appropriate courses of action to managers and people whose work is related. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 547–563, 2011
Entire solutions of delayed reaction‐diffusion equations
Authors: Lv G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with entire solutions of delayed reaction‐diffusion equations. Using the comparing argument and sub‐super solutions method, we obtain the existence of entire solutions which behave as two wave fronts coming from the both sides of x‐axis, where an entire solution is meant by a classical solution defined for all space and time variables.
Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of an endoglucanase gene (Aucel12A) from Aspergillus usamii and its functional expression in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Shi Hongling , Yin Xin , Wu Minchen , Tang Cunduo , Zhang Huimin , Li Jianfang 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Using 3′ and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods, the full-length cDNA sequence encoding an endo-1,4-β-glucanase of Aspergillus usamii E001 (abbreviated as AuCel12A) was amplified from the total RNA. The clone cDNA sequence of the gene encoding the AuCel12A, named as Aucel12A, is 1,027 bp in length harboring 5′ and 3′ non-coding regions, as well as a 720 bp of open reading frame that encodes a 16-aa signal peptide, and a 223-aa mature AuCel12A with a theoretical M.W. of 24,294 Da, a calculated pI of 4.15, and one putative N-glycosylation site. The complete DNA sequence of the gene Aucel12A was amplified from the genomic DNA of A. usamii E001 by using the conventional PCR and pUCm-T vector-mediated PCR initially developed in our lab. The clone DNA sequence is 1,576 bp in length, consisting of a 5′ flanking regulatory region, three exons, and two introns with sizes of 50 and 66 bp. The cDNA fragment encoding the mature AuCel12A was expressed in a fully active form in Pichia pastoris. One P. pastoris transformant expressing the highest recombinant AuCel12A (rAuCel12A) activity, labeled as P. pastoris GSCel2-1, was chosen for subsequent studies. Integration of the Aucel12A into P. pastoris genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using 5′- and 3′-AOX1 primers. SDS-PAGE and enzyme activity assays demonstrated that the rAuCel12A, a glycosylated protein with an apparent M.W. of 27.0 kDa and a carbohydrate content of 4.82%, was secreted into the culture medium. The purified rAuCel12A displayed the highest activity at pH 5.0 and 60°C. It was highly stable at a pH range of 3.5–7.0, and at a temperature of 55°C or below. Its activity was not significantly affected by an array of metal ions and EDTA, but inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+ and Fe2+. The K m and V max of the rAuCel12A, towards carboxymethylcellulose-Na (CMC-Na) at pH 5.0 and 50°C were 4.85 mg/ml and 160.5 U/mg, respectively.
Reconceptualizing in a dual‐system model the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on adolescent development: a short review
Authors: Liu Jie , Lester Barry M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms of long‐term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and consequent elevated impulsivity during adolescence are poorly understood. In this review, the development‐programmed neural maturation is summarized to highlight adolescence as another critical period of brain development. We further synthesize maladaptation of the dopamine (DA) system, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (HPA‐axis) and pathological interactions between these two systems originating from previous fetal programming into a dual‐system model to explain insufficient behavioral inhibition in affected adolescents.