bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Radii for Depicting Atoms in a Molecule: Cu in Inert Gas Matrix
Authors: Naka Takatoshi , Hatano Yasuyo , Yamamoto Shigeyoshi , Noro Takeshi , Tatewaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The effective atomic radius imaging the atoms in an equilibrium molecular structure is discussed for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, based on the electrostatic field calculated with the Hartree–Fock and configuration interaction singles and doubles methods, both with and without the Douglas–Kroll–Hess relativistic transformation. The effective atomic radius r is defined as a distance from the nucleus at which the magnitude of the electric field is that in He at one half of the equilibrium bond length of He2. The resulting radii are ca. 20% larger than Bondi’s radii, which are conventionally recognized as the van der Waals radii. Valence radii and inner core radii are also defined and discussed.
Salivary cortisol in a middle-aged community sample: results from 990 men and women of the KORA-F3 Augsburg study
Authors: Lederbogen Florian , Kühner Christine , Kirschbaum Clemens , Meisinger Christa , Lammich Josefine , Holle Rolf , Krumm Bertram , von Lengerke Thomas , Wichmann Heinz-Erich , Deuschle Michael , Ladwig Karl-Heinz 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveAnalysis of salivary cortisol concentrations and derived indices is increasingly used in clinical and scientific medicine. However, comprehensive data on these parameters in the general population are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary cortisol in a large middle-aged community sample and to identify major factors associated with altered hormone levels.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study within the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA)-F3 study. A total of 1484 participants aged 50–69 years (52% women) had agreed to provide four saliva samples during a regular weekday.MethodsWe measured salivary cortisol concentrations at wake-up (F0), ½ h (F½), 8 h (F8), and 14 h (F14) after waking. We calculated cortisol awakening response (CAR), slope, and area under the curve (AUCG) of the circadian cortisol secretion. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by interview and questionnaires, sampling conditions by protocol. In total, 1208 participants returned saliva samples, exclusion criteria left 990 subjects for final analyses.ResultsSalivary cortisol levels were (means±s.d.) F0=13.7±7.6, F½=20.5±9.8, F8=5.4±3.3, and F14=2.0±1.8 nmol/l. Earlier sampling times were associated with higher CAR and smaller slope. Cortisol secretion was also influenced by gender and smoking habits. Higher perceived social support was associated with lower AUCG and smaller slope.ConclusionsWe provide data on salivary cortisol concentrations in a large middle-aged community sample. Gender, sampling time, smoking habits, and perceived social support appeared as determinants of cortisol secretion.
Partial Migration of Fishes as Exemplified by the Estuarine-Dependent White Perch
Authors: Kerr Lisa A. , Secor David H. , Piccoli Philip M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Partial migration defines the phenomenon of coexisting groups exhibiting migratory and resident behavior within the same population. In avian ecology, partial migration is a fundamental behavior that underlies the evolution of migration in general. Among fish taxa, the terminology and theory associated with partial migration has predominantly been used to describe salmon ecophenotypes, but the behavior is more widespread. Here, we ecophenotypes, but the behavior is more widespread. Here, we document partial migration for the estuarine-dependent white perch (Morone americana), in the Patuxent River estuary (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland), wherein a portion of the population resides in freshwater natal habitats and another portion migrates down-estuary into brackish water (salinities&gt;3) habitats. Life-time migration histories were examined using otolith strontium:calcium profile analysis. Alternative life history tactics, initiated during the juvenile period in response to individual physiological condition, persisted over the lifetime of the individual and had population-level consequences, including differences in growth rate and productivity. Based upon a review of recent literature, we argue that pratical migration is more widespread among fishes than previously recognized, and such population structure has important implications for population dynamics and persistence.
Creating a Community Context for the Fishery Stock Sustainability Index
Authors: Jacob Steve , Jepson Michael 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Federal fisheries managers are required by National Standard 8 of the Magnuson-Stevens Act to consider the social and economic impacts of their proposed regulations on fishing communities. For social impacts, this is often achieved by intensive qualitative research techniques. Efforts have been underway to utilize more quantitative measures that rely on secondary data. Secondary data relies upon information that has already been collected; usually for another purpose. Unfortunately, this often means that direct measures of variables of interest to fisheries managers are often unavailable. Utilizing the Fishery Stock Status Index, this research develops two new indicators from a manipulation that directly measures the sustainability of the fish species a community relies upon for income. These two new measures could be of great assistance to fisheries managers as they assess the impacts of regulatory change.
Demonstration Flow Assessment and 2-D Modeling: Perspectives Based on Instream Flow Studies and Evaluation of Restoration Projects
Authors: Gard Mark 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Railsback and Kadvany (2008) make a compelling case for the use of demonstration flow assessments (DFA) for instream flow assessments as a more robust method than traditional one-dimensional habitat simulation techniques, such as the Physical Habitat Simulation System. But, based on experience with DFAs used for instream flow assessments and evaluation of stream restoration projects, the methods presented by Railsback and Kadvany (2008) may not give reproducible results, and DFAs have significant drawbacks relative to two-dimensional (2-D) hydraulic and habitat modeling. Application of the DFA methodology presented in Railsback and Kadvany (2008) to assess a stream restoration project on the Trinity River, California, did not give reproducible results, with substantial disparity between replicate surveys in the total quantity and spatial distribution of habitat. As an empirical two-dimensional habitat modeling method, DFAs have several drawbacks. Compared to 2-D models, DFAs require interpolation and extrapolation of results from the observed flows, and lack biological realism because they use categorical (binary) habitat suitability criteria. Further, 2-D modeling offers significant benefits over DFA in the context of adaptive management. Advantages of DFAs cited by Railsback and Kadvany (2008), namely the feasibility of assessing habitat with complex hydraulics, the ease in using mechanistic and theoretical conceptual models, and the ability to assess long reaches, also apply to 2-D models. Modification of the DFA methods presented in Railsback and Kadvany (2008) to give reproducible results may increase the cost of DFAs or reduce the length of stream that can be assessed with DFAs to the point where 2-D modeling may be a more cost-effective technique than DFAs.
Factors Associated with Increased Hospital Utilization in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Crowder Rachel S. , Irons Brian K. , Meyerrose Gary , Seifert Charles F. 
Published: June 2010

Study Objective. To determine whether controlling systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure, and heart rate in the outpatient setting is associated with decreased hospital utilization in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (PEF).Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. University‐affiliated medical center and outpatient clinics.Patients. One hundred forty adults admitted between January 1, 2003, and October 31, 2005, for an exacerbation of heart failure with PEF and followed for 2 years after their index admission.Measurements and Main Results. Outpatient SBP, pulse pressure, and heart rate, and the percentage of clinic visits for which patients had each vital sign at a certain level were used for correlations and comparisons. These vital signs and percentages of clinic visits were varied until maximum significant differences were observed in total hospital utilization for each parameter. These values were then analyzed for differences based on age, race‐ethnicity, and sex. When comparing patients whose vital signs were in control for at least 80% of clinic visits versus those whose were in control for less than 80% of clinic visits, significantly lower hospital utilization was associated with clinic SBP less than 140 mm Hg (median hospital utilization 3 vs 5 visits, p=0.0252), pulse pressure less than 65 mm Hg (3 vs 5 visits, p=0.0113), and heart rate of 55–70 beats/minute (2 vs 4 visits, p=0.0311). Among the 140 patients, 78 (56%) were Caucasian, 48 (34%) were Hispanic, and 14 (10%) were African‐American. The African‐American patients were significantly younger (p=0.0218) and had significantly poorer SBP control (< 140 mm Hg for = 80% of clinic visits: 14.3% vs 43.8%, p=0.0446) and higher hospital utilization (> 4 visits: 78.6% vs 43.8%, p=0.0218) than the Hispanic patients, despite similar percentages of missed clinic appointments (25% for each group).Conclusion: Controlling SBP at less than 140 mm Hg, pulse pressure at less than 65 mm Hg, and heart rate at 55–70 beats/minute for at least 80% of clinic visits were factors associated with decreased hospital utilization. African‐American patients with heart failure and PEF were younger, had more poorly controlled SBP, and had higher hospital utilization despite similar percentage of missed clinic visits as their Hispanic counterparts.
Drug Interaction Between Itraconazole and Bortezomib: Exacerbation of Peripheral Neuropathy and Thrombocytopenia Induced by Bortezomib
Authors: Iwamoto Takuya , Ishibashi Miki , Fujieda Atsushi , Masuya Masahiro , Katayama Naoyuki , Okuda Masahiro 
Published: June 2010

Study Objective. To investigate whether a drug interaction exists between bortezomib and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor itraconazole and/or the CYP2C19 inhibitor lansoprazole that results in increased severity of bortezomib‐induced peripheral neuropathy and thrombocytopenia.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. Hematology‐oncology ward of a university‐affiliated hospital in Japan.Patients. Six adults with relapsed multiple myeloma who received intravenous bortezomib plus oral dexamethasone as the first course of a 21–day cycle between July 2007 and December 2008. Four of the six patients were treated concomitantly with itraconazole or lansoprazole: two with itraconazole, one with lansoprazole, and one with both itraconazole and lansoprazole.Measurements and Main Results. Using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, we identified the presence and graded the severity of peripheral neuropathy and thrombocytopenia before and during each patient's first 21–day course of bortezomib plus dexamethasone therapy. All three patients who received itraconazole experienced new or worsening peripheral neuropathy; they also experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The patient who received lansoprazole alone, as well as the two patients who did not receive itraconazole or lansoprazole, had no changes in either adverse effect. We also evaluated the relationship between peripheral neuropathy and bortezomib plus dexamethasone therapy by using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, and a probable relationship was found. We further assessed whether a drug interaction between bortezomib and itraconazole and/or lansoprazole had occurred involving the CYP3A4 and/or the CYP2C19 pathways, respectively—resulting in increased severity of the bortezomib‐induced peripheral neuropathy and thrombocytopenia—by using the Horn drug interaction probability scale. We found that the occurrence of this drug interaction was strongly supported.Conclusions. Itraconazole appears to exacerbate peripheral neuropathy and thrombocytopenia induced by bortezomib; however, the mechanism of this drug interaction is unknown. Clinicians should closely monitor for bortezomib‐induced adverse effects when itraconazole, or any other potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, is administered concomitantly with bortezomib.
An Epidemiologic Study of Orofacial Clefts in Hamedan City, Iran: A 15-Year Study
Authors: Zandi Mohammad , Heidari Ali 
Published: June 2010

Objective To determine the epidemiology of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in births in hospitals of Hamedan City, Iran, and to evaluate the etiologic factors that have a role in the development of these anomalies. Design This research was a 15-year cross-sectional study (1993 to 2008). Participants All infants born with CL/P during the study period comprised the study group. One thousand healthy children without cleft anomalies born in the same hospitals during the study period comprised the control group. Results The prevalence of CL/P was 1.016 per 1000 live births (53.4% boys and 46.6% girls). Cleft lip associated with cleft palate (CLP) was the most common type of anomaly (53.5%), followed by isolated cleft lip (CL; 28.7%) and isolated cleft palate (CP; 17.8%). Eighty-six babies (81%) had unilateral CL and 20 babies (19%) had bilateral CL. Twenty-three newborns with CL/P (17.8%) had other congenital deformities. The frequency of CL/P in parents, siblings, and relatives of newborns in study group was higher than in the control group. There was a significant difference between the study and control groups with respect to maternal drug intake, trauma, smoking, and x-ray exposure during pregnancy. Conclusion The birth prevalence of CL/P in Hamedan City was closer to the prevalence of CL/P in the United States and Europe than Africa and the Far East. We found that the presence of cleft in parents, siblings, and other relatives; maternal drug intake; trauma; radiation; and smoking were risk factors for cleft development in newborns.
Clinical-Anthropometric and Aesthetic Analysis of Nose and Lip in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Heller M. , Schmidt M. , Mueller C.K. , Thorwarth M. , Schultze-Mosgau S. 
Published: June 2010

Objective Presentation of a technique to determine objectively the degree of symmetry in the area of nose and lip in cleft patients based on analysis of photographs. To compare the objective measurements with the subjective impression. Design This was a retrospective study using a predefined photo documentation standard to capture images of the area of nose and lip. Setting Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Jena, Germany. Patients Unilateral cleft patients following primary lip repair (group 1; n = 36) or secondary correction (group 2; n = 23). Main Outcome Measures Measurements were taken on standardized photographs of three dimensions in the area of the nose and two dimensions in the upper lip region. Sign tests were used to ascertain differences between the cleft and unaffected sides separately for each group. Subjective impressions regarding symmetry were gathered and quantified by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the observers' impressions between the two groups. Results While significant side differences were found for all distances in group 1, only the side differences in the height of the nostril remained significant in group 2. Subjective evaluation of the nostril area improved significantly following corrective surgery. However, no such change in the area of the upper lip was recognized by the observers. Conclusions We were able to demonstrate that the measurable symmetry of the nostril area, as well as the upper lip, was significantly enhanced by corrective surgery. However, only the subjective impression of the nostril was improved.
Platform Switching for Marginal Bone Preservation Around Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Ibrahim Hadeel M. , Atieh Ahmad H. 
Published: June 2010

Background: Platform switching for maintaining peri‐implant bone levels has gained popularity among implant manufacturers over the last few years. However, the assumption that the inward shifting of the implant‐abutment junction may preserve crestal bone was primarily based on serendipitous finding rather than scientific evidence. The objectives of the present study were to systematically review radiographic marginal bone‐level changes and the survival of platform‐switched implants compared to conventional platform‐matched implants.Methods: A literature search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the U.K. National Research Register, the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index) was performed up to March 15, 2010. Hand searches included several dental journals, and authors were contacted for missing information. Controlled trials that compared marginal bone‐level changes around platform‐switched dental implants with those restored with platform‐matched prostheses were selected. The review and meta‐analysis were done according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. Data were analyzed using two meta‐analytic statistical packages. Mean differences (MDs) were calculated for analyzing continuous data, and risk ratios (RRs) were used for dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Ten studies with 1,239 implants were included. The marginal bone loss around platform‐switched implants was significantly less than around platform‐matched implants (MD: −0.37; 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.20; P <0.0001). No statistically significant difference was detected for implant failures between the two groups (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.34 to 2.95; P = 0.89). Subgroup analyses showed that an implant‐abutment diameter difference ≥0.4 was associated with a more favorable bone response.Conclusions: The review and meta‐analysis show that platform switching may preserve interimplant bone height and soft tissue levels. The degree of marginal bone resorption is inversely related to the extent of the implant‐abutment mismatch. Further long‐term, well‐conducted, randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the validity of this concept.
Prolonged Fasting Identifies Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction as Consequence Rather Than Cause of Human Insulin Resistance
Authors: Hoeks Joris , van Herpen Noud A. , Mensink Marco , Moonen-Kornips Esther , van Beurden Denis , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Schrauwen Patrick 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but it is debated whether this is a primary factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. To test the concept that mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to the development of insulin resistance, we employed the unique model of prolonged fasting in humans. Prolonged fasting is a physiologic condition in which muscular insulin resistance develops in the presence of increased free fatty acid (FFA) levels, increased fat oxidation and low glucose and insulin levels. It is therefore anticipated that skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is maintained to accommodate increased fat oxidation unless factors secondary to insulin resistance exert negative effects on mitochondrial function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
While in a respiration chamber, twelve healthy males were subjected to a 60 h fast and a 60 h normal fed condition in a randomized crossover design. Afterward, insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and mitochondrial function was quantified ex vivo in permeabilized muscle fibers using high-resolution respirometry.

RESULTS
Indeed, FFA levels were increased approximately ninefold after 60 h of fasting in healthy male subjects, leading to elevated intramuscular lipid levels and decreased muscular insulin sensitivity. Despite an increase in whole-body fat oxidation, we observed an overall reduction in both coupled state 3 respiration and maximally uncoupled respiration in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers, which could not be explained by changes in mitochondrial density.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings confirm that the insulin-resistant state has secondary negative effects on mitochondrial function. Given the low insulin and glucose levels after prolonged fasting, hyperglycemia and insulin action per se can be excluded as underlying mechanisms, pointing toward elevated plasma FFA and/or intramuscular fat accumulation as possible causes for the observed reduction in mitochondrial capacity.
Postchallenge Glucose, A1C, and Fasting Glucose as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cederberg Henna , Saukkonen Tuula , Laakso Mauri , Jokelainen Jari , Härkönen Pirjo , Timonen Markku , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Rajala Ulla 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
A1C has been proposed as a new indicator for high risk of type 2 diabetes. The long-term predictive power and comparability of elevated A1C with the currently used high-risk indicators remain unclear. We assessed A1C, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) at 10 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective population-based study of 593 inhabitants from northern Finland, born in 1935, was conducted between 1996 and 2008. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted at baseline and follow-up, and A1C was determined at baseline. Those with a history of diabetes were excluded from the study. Elevated A1C was defined as 5.7–6.4%. Incident type 2 diabetes was confirmed by two OGTTs. Cardiovascular outcome was measured as incident CVD or CVD mortality. Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to predict diabetes, CVD, and CVD mortality at 10 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves compared predictive values of A1C, IGT, and IFG.

RESULTS
Incidence of diabetes during the follow-up was 17.1%. Two of three of the cases of newly diagnosed diabetes were predicted by a raise in ≥1 of the markers. Elevated A1C, IGT, or IFG preceded diabetes in 32.8, 40.6, and 21.9%, respectively. CVD was predicted by an intermediate and diabetic range of 2-h glucose but only by diabetic A1C levels in women.

CONCLUSIONS
A1C predicted 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes at a range of A1C 5.7–6.4% but CVD only in women at A1C ≥6.5%.