bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in Paraguayan women according to the severity of the cervical lesion
Authors: Mendoza L.P. , Arbiza J. , Paez M. , Kasamatsu E. , Castro A. , Giménez G. , Basiletti J. , Gonzalez J. , Mongelós P. , Picconi M.A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe incidence of cervical cancer in Paraguay is among the highest in the world. This study aimed to determine the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in Paraguayan women, according to the severity of the cervical lesion. This cross‐sectional study included 207 women without a squamous intraepithelial lesion, 164 with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 74 with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 41 with cervical cancer. Type‐specific HPV was determined by the polymerase chain reaction with MY9/11 L1 and GP5+/GP6+ L1 primers, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and reverse line blotting hybridization, respectively. In total, 12 high‐risk and 24 low‐risk HPVs types were detected. HPV 16 was the most prevalent, followed by HPV 18 in cervical cancer (14.6%), HPV 31 in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (14.9%), HPVs 58/42 in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (9.1% each), and HPVs 31/58 (2.4% each) in women without squamous intraepithelial lesions. Among 285 positive samples, 24.2% harbored multiple HPV types, being this more prevalent in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions (30.8% in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 22.5% in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 22.0% in cervical cancer) than in women without lesions (9.3%). The higher prevalence of HPV 16 and other high‐risk HPVs in women both with and without cervical lesions may explain the high incidence of cervical cancer in Paraguay. This information may be of importance for local decision makers to improve prevention strategies. In addition, these results may be useful as baseline pre‐vaccination data for a future virological surveillance in Paraguay. J. Med. Virol. 83:1351–1357, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous loss of hepatitis C virus RNA from serum is associated with genotype 1 and younger age at exposure
Authors: Rolfe K.J. , Curran M.D. , Alexander G.J.M. , Woodall T. , Andrews N. , Harris H.E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA variety of factors have been associated with spontaneous loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA from serum, including infecting HCV type, although results are conflicting. This study aimed to investigate further whether infecting HCV type was linked to spontaneous loss of HCV‐RNA. Serum samples from 321 untreated HCV antibody positive patients presenting at the Hepatology clinic at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge between 2004 and 2007 were tested. These individuals were classified either as HCV antibody and HCV‐RNA positive (viremic, n = 219) or HCV antibody positive and repeatedly HCV‐RNA negative (non‐viremic, n = 102). Infecting HCV type was identified by genotyping (viremic) or serotyping (non‐viremic). Binomial regression analysis investigated the independent effect of HCV type on spontaneous loss of HCV‐RNA from serum by comparing the two groups. Ninety‐one percent of patients were found to be either genotype 1 or genotype 3. The prevalence of type 1 infection was greater among non‐viremic (64.5%) than viremic individuals (45%). After controlling for the effects of potential confounding factors, multivariable analyses showed that individuals with type 1 infections were more likely to be non‐viremic than genotype 3 infections (RR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43; P = 0.005). Individuals infected at an older age were also less likely to become HCV‐RNA negative spontaneously (RR = 0.42 comparing those infected at ≥20 years of age against those infected at <20 years of age, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.72; P = 0.002). In conclusion, the results suggest that HCV genotype 1 infections are more likely than genotype 3 infections to become spontaneously non‐viremic, as are infections acquired at younger age. J. Med. Virol. 83:1338–1344, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternations of 14‐3‐3 θ and β protein levels in brain during experimental sepsis
Authors: Memos Nikolaos , Kataki Agapi , Chatziganni Emmy , Nikolopoulou Marilena , Skoulakis Euthimios , Consoulas Christos , Zografos George , Konstadoulakis Manousos 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 family members play a crucial role in the determination of cell fate, exerting their antiapoptotic activity through directly interfering with the critical function of the mitochondrial core proapoptotic machinery. Dimerization of 14‐3‐3 is vital for the interaction with many of its client proteins and is regulated by phosphorylation. In a previous study, we observed time‐dependent neuronal apoptosis during sepsis. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to evaluate the expression of 14‐3‐3 θ and β isoforms in septic brain and their association with apoptosis. Sepsis was induced by a CLP model in Wistar rats that were sacrificed at predefined time points. Flow cytometric analysis showed a sepsis‐induced, time‐dependent alteration of 14‐3‐3 θ and β isoforms in both Neun+ and GFAP+ cells. 14‐3‐3 θ was linearly correlated with apoptosis, and stratified analysis for alive and apoptotic neuronal cells demonstrated a gradual down‐regulation of θ isoform in alive neurons and astrocytes. The phospho‐P38 (pP38) MAP kinase levels were altered in a time‐dependent manner during sepsis, presenting a peak at 6 hr post‐CLP. A significant correlation between the two isoforms of 14‐3‐3 was observed in septic rats, with the θ isoform predominant at all time points. The hippocampus, Purkinje cells, and glia‐like cells showed intense immunohistochemical reactivity for 14‐3‐3 θ isoform, whereas the choroid plexus showed constantly increased β isoform expression. Our results showed that sepsis alters the expression of both 14‐3‐3 θ and β isoforms in a time‐, cell‐, and topography‐dependent manner. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of drilling and screw fixation of the growth plate—an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Hajdu Stefan , Schwendenwein Elisabeth , Kaltenecker Gerhard , László Ilonka , Lang Susanna , Vécsei Vilmos , Sarahrudi Kambiz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInjury of the growth plate is a specific problem in traumatology and can cause limb deformity and length discrepancy as a result of growth arrest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of the growth plate after artificially created injuries. A total of 14 New Zealand White rabbits were used for this experiment. The right and left ulna of each animal was used resulting in a total of 28 ulnae. In six animals drill holes were driven into the growth plate either from the distal/epiphyseal side or from the proximal/metaphyseal side of the physis. In six animals a fracture of the distal ulna corresponding to a Salter–Harris fracture type IV was created. This fracture was fixed by screws from either the epiphyseal or the metaphyseal side. Two animals served as controls. Histologic and radiologic examinations were performed to evaluate the growth process at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks following surgery. Drilling or fixation of the growth plate from the metaphyseal side resulted in temporary growth disturbance which was compensated within a short time. In contrast fixation from the epiphyseal side caused severe growth disturbances. Based on our findings K‐wires or screws should be inserted from the metaphyseal side and be placed in the center of the growth plate. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1834–1839, 2011
Quantitative inter‐annual and decadal June–July–August temperature variability ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (Iron Age–Roman Period) reconstructed from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland
Authors: Stewart Monique M. , Larocque‐Tobler Isabelle , Grosjean Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAnnually resolved June–July–August (JJA) temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 (±100 a; approximately 690 varve years) were quantified from biogenic silica and chironomids (Type II regression; Standard Major Axis calibration‐in‐time) preserved in the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland. Using 30 a (climatology) moving averages and detrended standard deviations (mean–variability change, MVC), moving linear trends, change points and wavelets, reconstructed temperatures were partitioned into a warmer (+0.3°C; ca. 570–351 BC), cooler (−0.2°C; ca. 350–16 BC) and moderate period (+0.1°C; ca. 15 BC to AD 120) relative to the reconstruction average (10.9°C; reference AD 1950–2000 = 9.8°C). Warm and variable JJA temperatures at the Late Iron Age–Roman Period transition (approximately 50 BC to AD 100 in this region) and a cold anomaly around 470 BC (Early–Late Iron Age) were inferred. Inter‐annual and decadal temperature variability was greater from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 than the last millennium, whereas multi‐decadal and lower‐frequency temperature variability were comparable, as evident in wavelet plots. Using MVC plots of reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120, we verified current trends and European climate model outputs for the 21st century, which suggest increased inter‐annual summer temperature variability and extremes in a generally warmer climate (heteroscedasticity; hotspot of variability). We compared these results to MVC plots of instrumental and reconstructed temperatures (from the same sediment core and proxies but a different study) from AD 1177 to AD 2000. Our reconstructed JJA temperatures from ca. 570 BC to AD 120 showed that inter‐annual JJA temperature variability increased rapidly above a threshold of ∼10°C mean JJA temperature. This increase accelerated with continued warming up to >11.5°C. We suggest that the Roman Period serves with respect to inter‐annual variability as an analogue for warmer 21st‐century JJA temperatures in the Alps. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Burakgazi Ahmet Z. , Alsowaity Bander , Burakgazi Zeynep Aydin , Unal Dogan , Kelly John J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNormal bladder function depends on the complex interaction of sensory and motor pathways. Bladder dysfunction can develop as a result of several neurological conditions. It can happen in a number of ways, including diabetic cystopathy, detrusor overactivity, bladder outlet obstruction, and urge and stress urinary incontinence. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy–associated bladder dysfunction. Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and amyloid neuropathy are other major causes. The diagnosis of bladder dysfunction should be established by the history of neurological symptoms, neurological examination, and urological evaluation. Functional evaluation of the lower urinary tract includes cystometry, sphincter electromyography, uroflowmetry, and urethral pressure profilometry. Management of urinary symptoms in patients with bladder dysfunction is usually supportive. In some cases, alpha‐blocker and/or anti‐muscarinic agents are needed to help improve urinary dysfunction. Intermittent self‐catheterization is needed occasionally for patients with slow and/or poor recovery. Muscle Nerve 45: 2–8, 2012
Muscle metabolic alterations assessed by 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mild becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Tosetti Michela , Linsalata Stefania , Battini Roberta , Volpi Leda , Cini Claudio , Presciutti Otello , Muntoni Francesco , Cioni Giovanni , Siciliano Gabriele 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough the molecular defect causing Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) has been identified, the biochemical mechanisms that lead to muscle necrosis remain unclear. Exercise‐related muscle metabolism in 9 mildly affected BMD patients was assessed by muscle 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) during an incremental workload. Compared with normal controls, BMD patients showed deregulation of resting pH and intramuscular membrane breakdown. We also observed increased reliance upon anaerobic metabolism during sustained submaximal contraction and maintenance of oxidative function during recovery. Muscle Nerve, 2011
An enhanced homogenization approach for masonry structures with compressible joints. Application to hearth thermomechanical computations
Authors: Mathieu N. J. , Sab K. , Zaïmi S. A. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new homogenization‐based finite element model to compute masonry structures with compressible joints is proposed. It is an extension of the model proposed by De Felice et al. (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2010; 34(3):221–247) for dry block structures where strain hardening was neglected. The proposed strain hardening incremental elasto‐plastic model is obtained by means of a new step‐by‐step homogenization method for a running bond masonry structure made of elastic bricks jointed by an elasto‐plastic ram. The numerical implicit integration of the model is carried out following an iterative implicit procedure in which the elastic trial stress state is corrected through a return mapping algorithm. The procedure has been implemented in the ABAQUS finite element software and applied to the computation of thermal stresses for the hearths made of small carbon refractory bricks surrounded by very compressible joints. Indeed, during its working, the hearth of the blast furnace is submitted to a high thermal gradient in the radial direction because of the inner heating and the outer cooling imposed to the wall. In our application we evaluate the effect of the joints on the thermal stress distribution within the hearth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clarifying and measuring filial concepts across five cultural groups
Authors: Jones Patricia S. , Lee Jerry W. , Zhang Xinwei E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLiterature on responsibility of adult children for aging parents reflects lack of conceptual clarity. We examined filial concepts across five cultural groups: African‐, Asian‐, Euro‐, Latino‐, and Native Americans. Data were randomly divided for scale development (n = 285) and cross‐validation (n = 284). Exploratory factor analysis on 59 items identified three filial concepts: Responsibility, Respect, and Care. Confirmatory factor analysis on a 12‐item final scale showed data fit the three‐factor model better than a single factor solution despite substantial correlations between the factors (.82, .82 for Care with Responsibility and Respect, and .74 for Responsibility with Respect). The scale can be used in cross‐cultural research to test hypotheses that predict associations among filial values, filial caregiving, and caregiver health outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:310–326, 2011
Organ targeted prenatal gene therapy—how far are we?
Authors: Mehta Vedanta , Abi Nader Khalil , Waddington Simon , David Anna L 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrenatal gene therapy aims to deliver genes to cells and tissues early in prenatal life, allowing correction of a genetic defect, before long‐term tissue damage has occurred. In contrast to postnatal gene therapy, prenatal application can target genes to a large population of dividing stem cells, and the smaller fetal size allows a higher vector‐to‐target cell ratio to be achieved. Early‐gestation delivery may allow the development of immune tolerance to the transgenic protein which would facilitate postnatal repeat vector administration if needed.Targeting particular organs will depend on manipulating the vector to achieve selective tropism and on choosing the most appropriate gestational age and injection method for fetal delivery. Intra‐amniotic injection reaches the skin, and other organs that are bathed in the fluid however since gene transfer to the lung and gut is usually poor more direct injection methods will be needed. Delivery to the liver and blood can be achieved by systemic delivery via the umbilical vein or peritoneal cavity. Gene transfer to the central nervous system in the fetus is difficult but newer vectors are available that transduce neuronal tissue even after systemic delivery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure, morphology, and biodegradability of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Neppalli Ramesh , Causin Valerio , Marega Carla , Saini Roberta , Mba Miriam , Marigo Antonio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBiodegradable polycaprolactone/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting, using different amounts of filler and matrices differing by average molecular weight. Intercalated nanocomposites were obtained. The nanocomposites were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) methods. Negligible variations in the degree of crystallinity were detected by WAXD. The thickness of crystalline lamellae, measured by SAXS, increased in low molecular weight polymer nanocomposites with increasing clay amount; this effect was weakened in matrices with high molecular weight. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an inhibiting effect of clay on crystallization. The composites' ductility was largely increased, whereas stiffness was retained. After biodegradation in compost, in all samples, the degree of crystallinity was increased, meaning that the less ordered portion of the sample was preferentially degraded. Clay slowed down the biodegradation rate, coherently with the observed increase in the lamellar thickness due to the filler. This may offer a strategy for tuning the biodegradability by calibrating their semicrystalline framework. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Origin of enhanced cold crystallization rate for freeze‐dried poly(L‐lactide) from solutions
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Morino Daisuke , Tabata Nobuaki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) freeze‐dried from dilute 1,4‐dioxane solutions exhibited very porous structure composed of thin membranes of which the mean thickness was estimated to be 104–135 nm. Heating measurements of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the freeze‐dried PLLA (FDPLLA) exhibits an exothermic peak of cold crystallization at 78–81°C, which is at least 20 K lower than that for a quenched amorphous bulk PLLA. In accord with this, the overall rate of isothermal cold crystallization was revealed to be greater for the FDPLLA than that for the bulk. The origin of such high crystallizability of FDPLLA is attributed to its large surface area where the chain mobility is greater than in the bulk PLLA. The exothermic peak in the DSC trace shifted to a further lower temperature when the FDPLLA is immersed in ligroin (nonsolvent), which also suggests a major role of the free surface in enhancing the cold crystallization rate. On the other hand, the density and the chain conformational feature of the FDPLLA were revealed to be identical to the bulk PLLA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes bearing novel bis(β‐ketoamino) ligand and their catalytic activity toward copolymerization of norbornene and 5‐norbornene‐2‐yl acetate combined with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Wang Kaiti , Chen Yiwang , He Xiaohui , Liu Yueman , Zhou Weihua 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo complexes Mt{C10H8(O)C[N(C6H5)]CH3}2 [Mt = Ni(II); Mt = Pd(II)] were synthesized, and the solid‐state structures of the complexes have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions. Homopolymerization of norbornene (NB) and copolymerization of NB and 5‐norbornene‐2‐yl acetate (NB‐OCOCH3) were carried out in toluene with both the two complexes mentioned above in combination with B(C6F5)3. Both the catalytic systems exhibited high activity toward the homopolymerization of NB (as high as 2.7 × 105 gpolymer/molNi h, for Ni(II)/B(C6F5)3 and 2.1 × 105 gpolymer/molPd h for Pd(II)/B(C6F5)3, respectively.). Although the Pd(II)/B(C6F5)3 shows very lower activity toward the copolymerization of NB with NB‐OCOCH3, Ni(II)/B(C6F5)3 shows a high activity and produces the addition‐type copolymer with relatively high molecular weights (MWs; 1.80–2.79 × 105 g/mol) as well as narrow MW distribution (1.89–2.30). The NB‐OCOCH3 content in the copolymers can be controlled up to 5.8–12.0% by varying the comonomer feed ratios from 10 to 50%. The copolymers exhibited high transparency, high glass transition temperature (Tg > 263.9 °C), better solubility, and mechanical properties compared with the homopolymer of NB. The reactivity ratios of the two monomers were determined to be rNB‐OCOMe = 0.08, rNB = 7.94 for Ni(II)/B(C6F5)3 system, and rNB‐OCOMe = 0.07, rNB = 6.49, for Pd(II)/B(C6F5)3 system by the Kelen‐Tüdõs method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Frequency, treatment, and functional outcome in children with hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Buchvald Frederik , Petersen Bodil Laub , Damgaard Karen , Deterding Robin , Langston Claire , Fan Leland L. , Deutsch Gail H. , Dishop Megan K. , Kristensen Lene Agergaard , Nielsen Kim G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundHypersensitivity pneumonitis is a rare interstitial lung disease and very few data regarding frequency, treatment and outcome exist for children. Children identified with hypersensitivity pneumonia from a Danish national cohort with diffuse interstitial lung disease form the basis of this study focused on disease frequency, treatment, and functional outcome.MethodsSeventy‐three children with clinical and radiological signs of interstitial lung disease verified by lung biopsy were identified over a 12‐year period. Histologic material from all cases was reviewed by pathologists from the ChILD Clinical and Research Network, USA. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was confirmed in 19 cases.Measurements and Main ResultsIncidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was approximately 2/year and with a point prevalence of 4/1,000,000 children. The median (range) number of monthly courses with intravenous methylprednisolone was 15 courses (8–34) in resolved cases, but in the vast majority (92%), mono‐therapy with high dose pulse methylprednisolone treatment was not sufficient for acceptable improvement. Lung function, DLco and DLco/VA increased significantly after 3 and 6 months of treatment compared to baseline (P < 0.05). However, without reaching normal values [mean SDS (range) FEV1 −0.66 (−1.88 to 0.41) and FVC −0.67(−1.94 to 0)]. No mortality was seen.ConclusionsIncidence and point prevalence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Denmark was 2/year and 4/1.000.000 children. High dose intravenous methylprednisolone constituted the basic treatment, but in most cases supplemental anti‐inflammatory therapy was necessary. Outcome was acceptable without any mortality. Nevertheless, both lung function and diffusion capacity were in subnormal level though without any clinically functional impact. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1098–1107. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.