bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoprotegerin and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Reinhard Henrik , Lajer Maria , Gall Mari-Anne , Tarnow Lise , Parving Hans-Henrik , Rasmussen Lars M. , Rossing Peter 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an emerging strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high-risk populations. OPG is a bone-related glycopeptide produced by vascular smooth muscle cells, and increased plasma OPG levels may reflect arterial vascular damage. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of OPG in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a prospective observational follow-up study, 283 type 2 diabetic patients (172 men; aged 53.9 ± 8.8 years) were followed for a median of 16.8 years (range 0.2–23.0). Baseline plasma OPG concentrations were determined by immunoassay.

RESULTS
During follow-up, 193 (68%) patients died. High versus low levels of OPG predicted all-cause mortality (covariate-adjusted for urinary albumin excretion rate [UAER], estimated glomerular filtration rate, and conventional risk factors); hazard ratio (HR) 1.81 [95% CI 1.21–2.69]. The all-cause predictive effect of OPG was independent of NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and was also useful within groups divided according to level of UAER. In total, 103 (73%) patients died because of CVD. High and medium versus low levels of OPG predicted cardiovascular mortality (unadjusted HR 1.86 [95% CI 1.07–3.23] and 3.51 [2.10–5.85], respectively). However, after adjustment for the covariates, HRs were no longer significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated plasma OPG is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. The effect of OPG on all-cause mortality was independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, UAER, and NT-proBNP levels.
The First Year of Practice: An Investigation of the Professional Learning and Development of Promising Novice Physical Therapists
Authors: Black Lisa L. , Jensen Gail M. , Mostrom Elizabeth , Perkins Jan , Ritzline Pamela D. , Hayward Lorna , Blackmer Betsy 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundThe goal in studying expertise is not merely to describe ways in which experts excel but also to understand how experts develop in order to better facilitate the development of novices. The study of novice progression helps us to understand what successful versus unsuccessful learning looks like. This understanding is critical, as autonomous practice places increased demands for advanced clinical judgments and the ability to assume professional responsibilities.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences, learning, and development of promising novice therapists throughout their first year of practice in the United States.Design and MethodsA longitudinal, multiple-site qualitative case study method was used for within-case and across-case analysis. A purposive sample of 11 promising new graduates from 4 physical therapist education programs participated. Investigators followed the graduates throughout their first year of practice. Data sources included: (1) semistructured interviews conducted at baseline and every 3 months thereafter for 1 year, (2) reflective journals completed at regular intervals, and (3) review of academic and clinical education records and résumés.ResultsFour themes emerged: (1) the clinical environment influenced the novice physical therapists' performance, (2) participants learned through experience and social interaction and learning was primarily directed toward self, (3) growing confidence was directly related to developing communication skills, and (4) therapists were engaged in professional identity formation and role transitions.ConclusionsThe findings suggest there are common experiences and themes that emerge as novice physical therapists develop. Although research has been conducted on expertise in physical therapy, few longitudinal investigations have explored the development of therapists across transitions from graduate to novice to expert practitioner. This study explored and described the learning and development of graduates during their first year of practice.
The intracranial denticulate ligament: anatomical study with neurosurgical significance
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Mortazavi Martin M. , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: October 2010

Object
Knowledge of the detailed anatomy of the craniocervical junction is important to neurosurgeons. To the authors' knowledge, no study has addressed the detailed anatomy of the intracranial (first) denticulate ligament and its intracranial course and relationships.

Methods
In 10 embalmed and 5 unembalmed adult cadavers, the authors performed posterior dissection of the craniocervical junction to expose the intracranial denticulate ligament. Rotation of the spinomedullary junction was documented before and after transection of unilateral ligaments.

Results
The first denticulate ligament was found on all but one left side and attached to the dura of the marginal sinus superior to the vertebral artery as it pierced the dura mater. The ligament always traveled between the vertebral artery and spinal accessory nerve. On 20% of sides, it also attached to the intracranial vertebral artery and, histologically, blended with its adventitia. In general, this ligament tended to be thicker laterally and was often cribriform in nature medially. The hypoglossal nerve was always superior to the ligament, which always concealed the ventral roots of the C-1 spinal nerve. The posterior spinal artery traveled posterior to this ligament on 93% of sides. On one left side, the ascending branch of the posterior spinal artery traveled anterior to the ligament and the descending branch traveled posterior to it. Following unilateral transection of the intracranial denticulate ligament, rotation of the spinomedullary junction was increased by approximately 25%.

Conclusions
Knowledge of the relationships of the first denticulate ligament may prove useful to the neurosurgeon during procedures at the craniocervical junction.
Remarques sur la théorie stoïcienne du nom propre
Authors: Brunschwig Jacques 
Published: October 2010

JACQUES BRUNSCHWIG: Remarks on the Stoic Theory ofNames
The Stoics' «invention» of the name as a grammatical category is linked to the general characteristics of Stoic logic, ontology and gnoseology. It is within this framework that the grammar of names (in particular, the fact of their declension and possible construction with the article) and, subsequently, the semantic definitions of the name and the common noun are examined. The paper goes on to analyse the truth-conditions of simple propositions in order to throw light on the peculiarities of the case where the subject is a name. In conclusion, an attempt is made to relate the logic of names and the physics of the individual by showing that the study of the construction of the name with the article is strictly similar to physical or grammatical analysis.
Du latin médiéval au pluriel des langues, le tournant de la Renaissance
Authors: Giard Luce 
Published: October 2010

LUCE GIARD: From Medieval Latin to the Piurality of Languages at the Turn ofthe Renaissance
The transformation, between 1400 and 1600, of the relationship between logic and grammar in the major European languages is explained by the transformation of the object-Ianguage of this relationship on the one hand, and of its status on the other. In the Middle Ages, logic and grammar operated on an impoverished Latin which, while it held a monopoly over writing, did not have any reaI speakers, but constituted a second language, semi-artificiaI in character, comfortable in the stability of its synchrony and of its own formaI linguistic knowledge. With the humanistic rupture, the vemacular made a debut. As they acceded to writing, slowly constituting their own corpus of textual references and defming their own ways of a proper fonnal linguistic knowledge, these actually-lïving, natural, and hence changing languages became the raw materiaI for a new grammatical and logical analysis conscious of the diversity and non-systematicism of use.
La description des temps du verbe chez trois grammairiens grecs (Apollonius, Stéphanos, Planude)
Authors: Lallot Jean 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: Starting from the Aristotelian definition of the verb as a word «which indicates time (khronos) additionally», the Greek grammarians attempted to give an accurate account of the tenses (khronoï) which constituted their verbal system. In this task they relied on analyses of Stoic origin which provided them with a pair of aspectual categories, viz. extension (paratasis)
and completion (teleiōsis). Though perfectly relevant to their object, such categories proved troublesome, in so far as the aspectual pair cannot he easily disentangled from the temporal pair present-past to which it appears to he morphologically and semantically related. This paper deals with three successive stages in the treatment of aspectual categories in Greek grammatical tradition: with Apollonius Dyscolus, aspect appears as a marginal suhstitute of time; with Stephanos, it's altogether disposed of; with Planude, the extensive aspect, definitely «abstracted» from the present, can he translated into the past.
Remarques sur la réception de Harris en France
Authors: Bergheaud Patrice 
Published: October 2010

RESUME: Ces remarques visent à décrire l'impact effectif en France du
Hermes de James Harris traduit par Thurot. En s'appuyant sur l'usage que ce dernier en fait dans son Cours de Grammaire Générale (1797) que l'on compare à ses «Remarques» sur le texte original (1796), et en examinant différentes références à Harris (Destutt de Tracy, De Gérando,. Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques), on souligne les distorsions de la théorie harrissienne dans le domaine grammatical, parallèle à la «ré-écriture» «Idéologique». analysée par KD. Uitti; en défmitive, l'ouvrage de Harris a été plus utilisé que réellement lu et compris dans son économie spécifique.
La lexicographie espagnole jusqu'à Covarrubias
Authors: Niederehe Hans-Josef 
Published: October 2010

RÉSUMÉ: La lexicographie de l'espagnol commence au Moyen-Age, avec un nombre assez réduit de glossaires. Elle ne prend son véritable essor que vers la fin du 15e siècle avec les dictionnaires latin-espagnol et espagnol-latin de Nebrija. Suivent les dictionnaires latin-espagnol de Maître Rodrigue et de Jimenez Arias. A partir des années 1570, c'est le
Calepin, enrichi d'une glose espagnole, qui commence à viser le même public que ces petits dictionnaires polyglottes destinés aux commerçants de l'époque et qui sont publiés pendant tout le siècle. Vers 1570 également, dans une autre série de dictionnaires, le latin est remplacé par une langue non-classique; le dictionnaire bilingue moderne est né. Quarante ans plus tard, Covarrubias publiera son «Tesoro.», premier véritable dictionnaire monolingue de l'espagnol. Quant aux lieux d'impression de tous ces dictionnaires, les Pyrénées semblent avoir constitué une véritable barrière, et" cela dans les deux sens. Seul Nebrija a pu la franchir.
Histoire de la grammaire yiddish (XVIe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Baumgarten Jean 
Published: October 2010

RÉSUMÉ : Le yiddish constitue un exemple original au sein des langues européennes. Une réflexion grammaticale ininterrompue se développe depuis la Renaissance jusqu'à nos jours. Les grammairiens se sont trouvés confrontés à une question théorique centrale : le yiddish étant une langue de fusion, composée d'éléments germaniques et sémitiques, à
fjartir de quel modèle linguistique peut-on la décrire ? Jusqu'au XTX^ siècle, c'est surtout a notion de langue mixte ou hybride qui domine. À partir du XXe siècle, sous l'influence de la philologie comparée et de la dialectologie, les premières grammaires générales sont élaborées, notamment en Pologne, en URSS et aux USA. La langue yiddish aux fondements à la fois indo-européens et sémitiques pose des problèmes spécifiques aux sciences du langage.
Varron et Priscien : Autour des verbes Adsignificare et Consignificare
Authors: Garcea Alessandro , Lomanto Valeria 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: After analysing the occurrences of the verbs adsignificare
(loan translation of the Greek
prossēmaínein) and consignificare (loan translation of sussēmaínein) in Varro’s and Priscien’s works, we will focus our attention on the structure of the systems of partes orationis formulated by these two authors. Different parameters are used: vericonditional (subject and predicate of a minimal assertive proposition), semantic (semantic / asemantic constituents), declarative (independent / consignificant parts). Each parameter is recalled by metaphors (ship, quadriga, primary and secondary organs of the human body) which oppose the logical approach to the grammatical one. Varro proposes a simplification of the taxonomic criteria, by retaining only time and case, the basic properties in the philosophy of language; Priscian, who superimposes many parameters, conceives heterogeneous taxonomies, which the Medieval commentators will
Priscien, Boèce, les Glosulae in Priscianum, Abélard : les enjeux des discussions autour de la notion de consignification
Authors: Rosier-Catach Irène 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: The term syncategorema,
translated by consignificantia, only exists in Greek in the Latin Institutiones of the grammarian Priscien, and is introduced in the XIIth century in the grammatical commentaries, the couple of terms
syncategorema / categorema emerging even later, at the end of the XIIth century. Thus the discussions first focus on the terms connected to consignificare. The antique heritage is multiple and diversified. Priscien uses, in a contradictory way, a functional criterium (a part which is not one of the main parts of speech is consignifying), a semantic criterium (to be a part of speech is to indicate a concept of the mind), a criterium of autonomous meaning (something is said to consignify if it does not signify by itself). Boethius uses the notion in five different ways, applying to various terms or morphemes: prepositions and conjunctions, parts of a compound, tense, the verb to be, quantifiers. The
Glosulae on Priscian, at the end of the XIth
century, and especially in the later revision by William of Champeaux, claim that the consignifying parts signify the thing signified by the word to which they are attached. Abelard, reading those gloses, hesitates: the grammarian’s solution is not satisfactory, but if, as Boethius wants it, the consignifying parts did not have any meaning, then it would not be possible to explain the semantic role they have in the intellection of the whole proposition. He will thus devise a really innovative solution, which he applies first to the copula and then extends to the other consignifying parts: they correspond to a «mental act».
Une «linguistique énergétique» ; en Russie à la fin du XIXe-début du XXe siècle
Authors: Simonato Kokochkina Elena 
Published: October 2010

RÉSUMÉ: L’article a pour but d’expliquer la théorie linguistique de D. N. Ovsjaniko-Kulikovskij (Russie, 1853-1920) et de proposer une nouvelle vision de la conception de ce linguiste souvent présenté comme un simple élève de A. A. Potebnja (1835-1891). L’article veut montrer comment Ovsjaniko-Kulikovskij réalise son projet de créer une «linguistique scientifique» par opposition à la «philologie». Il permet de suivre la manière dont s’est développé l’emprunt à la physique des notions d’ «économie d’énergie» et de celle du «moindre effort» pour la psychologie et ensuite, la linguistique, notions qui étaient promises à un grand avenir dans la linguistique du
XXe siècle.
Quatre relations fondamentales pour la description de l'espace
Authors: Vandeloise Claude 
Published: October 2010

RÉSUMÉ: La première partie de l’article précise les positions de la linguistique cognitive par rapport à l’objectivisme que lui attribue J.-M. Fortis. Si l’espace joue un rôle important dans ma description des prépositions, je n’y cherche pas tant des concepts géométriques ou topologiques que des concepts fonctionnels liés à son utilisation et à notre expérience du monde. La deuxième partie de l’article montre que l’utilisation de l’inclusion topologique dans la description de la préposition dans conduit à une ontologie fantomatique. Après une brève présentation de la théorie de la place dans la physique grecque (les Atomistes, Aristote et Jean Philopon), je propose quatre relations fondamentales entre l’espace et la matière. La coïncidence entre les objets matériels et la place qu’ils occupent est la relation fondamentale qui permet de définir globalement une inclusion indépendante de la théorie des ensembles, et l’enveloppement.
Quant à la limite, elle est définie comme un lieu d’action où une entité matérielle délimite
une entité plus fluide qu’elle, rien n’étant plus fluide que l’espace.
(Silence on) Adverbs in Plutarch Plat. Quaest. 10
Authors: Garcea Alessandro , Giavatto Angelo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT: In order to justify the Platonic formula that speech results from the blend of nouns and verbs, Plutarch tries to demonstrate that all other kinds of words are not autonomous parts of speech (tenth
platônikon zêtêma). Strangely enough, he does not discuss adverbs, even while they were recognised by Alexandrinian grammarians, as he himself seems to acknowledge when he mentions them at the very beginning of his discussion. We will try to show that adverbs are not victims of an involuntary omission. Plutarch based his overall demonstration on a strictly grammatical understanding of Plato’s metaphysical viewpoint; he is therefore forced not to discuss adverbs, since they possess peculiar morpho-semantic features which could show the inconsistency of his reconstruction.
Sur une scène de l'Iliade : en colère contre la colère
Authors: Pachet Pierre 
Published: October 2010

Résumé Achille, incarnation de la colère, intervient pour faire cesser une dispute entre deux Achéens lors des jeux organisés après la mort de Patrocle, et ne justifie pas cette intervention du fait de son autorité – il ne le pourrait pas ! – mais au contraire du fait de son implication qui le rend capable de se soulever avec colère contre la colère. Pachet voit cette force comme la Nemesis qui fonctionne en tandem avec Aidos, une colère contre la colère qui pourrait émerger, comme cela s’est vu dans d’autres cas, dans le conflit israélo-palestinien.
TREATMENT OF CANCER IN THE OLDER AGED PERSON
Authors: Balducci Lodovico 
Published: October 2010

Cancer is a disease of aging . Currently 50% of all malignancies occur in individuals 65 and over and by the year 2030 older individuals will account for 70% of all neoplasms. With the aging of the population the management of cancer in the older person with chemotherapy is beoming increasingly common. This treatment may be safe and effective if some appropriate measures are taken, including, an assessment of the physiologic age of each patient, modification of doses according to the renal function, use of meyelopoietic growth factors prophylactically in presence of moderately toxic chemotherapy, and provision of an adequate caregiver. Cure, prolongation of survival, and symptom palliation are universal goals of medical treatment. Prolongation of active life expectancy should be added to the treatment goal of the older aged person .
Morphological Differentiation of Neurons on Microtopographic Substrates Fabricated by Rolled‐Up Nanotechnology
Authors: Schulze Sabine , Huang Gaoshan , Krause Matthias , Aubyn Deborah , Quiñones Vladimir A. Bolaños , Schmidt Christine K. , Mei Yongfeng , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractArrays of transparent rolled‐up microtubes can easily be mass‐produced using a combination of conventional photolithography, electron beam depositioning, and chemical etching techniques. Here, we culture primary mouse motor neurons and immortalised CAD cells, a cell line derived from the central nervous system, on various microtube substrates to investigate the influence of topographical surface features on the growth and differentiation behaviour of these cells. Our results indicate that the microtube chips not only support growth of both cell types but also provide a well‐defined, geometrically confined 3D cell culture scaffold. Strikingly, our micropatterns act as a platform for axon guidance with protruding cell extensions aligning in the direction of the microtubes and forming complex square‐shaped grid‐like neurite networks. Our experiments open up a cost‐efficient and bio‐compatible way of analysing single cell behaviour in the context of advanced micro‐/nanostructures with various biological applications ranging from neurite protection studies to cell sensor development.
Screening of T7 phage displayed Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna cDNA library against chemosensory protein
Authors: Hu Liming , Shen Jianmei , Hu Meiying , Rizwan‐ul‐Haq Muhammad , Hao Weining 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecent studies have shown that chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were involved in diverse life activities such as insect feeding, development, mating, immune regulation, as well as other important circadian rhythms, etc. To screen the proteins involved in the BdorCSP‐related physiological activity, a cDNA library of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) antenna expressed on the surface of T7 phage was screened against BdorCSP. After four rounds of screening, ELISA‐positive samples of selected phages were sequenced and identified as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), trypsin‐like serine protease (Ser), TakeOut (TO), and a new protein by GenBank blast, respectively. Real‐time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression levels of Ser, TO, and the new protein were the highest in antenna, sharing similar expression pattern with BdorCSP. These results reveal that these proteins might be involved in the BdorCSP‐related physiological or metabolic activities. This work paves a new way for exploring the function of CSPs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colloidal Microcapsules: Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles at the Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Patra Debabrata , Sanyal Amitav , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractColloidal microcapsules (MCs) are highly modular, inherently multiscale constructs of capsules stabilized by nano‐/microparticle shells, with applications in many areas of materials and biological sciences, such as drug delivery, encapsulation, and microreactors. Until recently, fabrication of colloidal MCs focused on the use of submicron‐sized particles because the smaller nanoparticles (NPs) are inherently unstable at the interface owing to thermal disorder. However, stable microcapsules can now be obtained by tuning the interactions between the nanometer‐sized building blocks at the liquid–liquid interface. This Review highlights recent developments in the fabrication of colloidal MCs using NPs.