bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of the frequency of COVID-19 in patients with a history of stroke
Authors: Aghamiri Seyed H. , Mafi Ahmad R. , Haghighi Mehrdad , Ghaffari Mehran , Karimzadeh Afshin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The emergence of the coronavirus in 2019 became a global epidemic disease. According to the World Health Organization, people with a history of chronic diseases such as brain stroke are among the main groups at risk of contracting COVID-19. Therefore, this study was performed with the aim of the determination amount of the frequency of contracting COVID-19 in stroke patients.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 patients with a history of stroke referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran (Iran) between 2019 and 2022, which had all the inclusion criteria in the study. The demographic information including (gender, weight, height) and clinical information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 24 software.

Results:
The average age of the studied patients was 63 years. Among them, 53 people (53%) were infected with COVID-19. The most of underlying diseases were related to high blood pressure. All cases of stroke in patients with COVID-19 were associated with thrombotic type, and half of the other cases included involvement in large cerebral vessels. Lymphocyte count, CRP, and ESR levels were relatively higher in stroke patients with COVID-19, but there were observed no cases of pleural effusion and pericardial effusion associated with COVID-19 in stroke patients. In all of the patients with COVID-19, pulmonary involvement was observed in the Peripheral/Perihillar area.

Discussion and Conclusion:
According to the results and data of this research, the probability of infecting COVID-19 is higher in people with a history of stroke, and these patients have more severe strokes and more mortality than stroke patients without contracting COVID-19.
Improvement of knowledge following diabetes self-management education with respect to socioeconomic status: A retrospective cohort study among type 2 diabetes in Eastern India
Authors: Majumder Anirban , Mukherjee Poulomi , Chakraborty Soma , Chaudhuri Soumyabrata Roy , Chakraborty Sumanta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
We assessed the baseline knowledge and the improvement and retention of knowledge after attending diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs with respect to different socioeconomic status (SES). We also looked into the change in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and glycemic parameters after attending the DSME sessions.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, cohort study carried out via chart review based on data collected from manual or electronic medical records (EMR) and questionnaire responses of 160 adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who attended two DSME sessions with a gap of at least six months.

Results:
Baseline knowledge on diabetes was uniform (P = 0.06), irrespective of differences in SES, and DSME sessions significantly improved the knowledge in all socioeconomic classes (P value < 0.05 in each SES group). However, SES did have a significant influence on the finally acquired knowledge of diabetes as was evident from the final score after attending two DSME sessions. A significant number of patients (48.1%) from our cohort either improved or retained their knowledge of diabetes over a mean follow-up of 15.5 months. The BMI of our cohort was significantly reduced from baseline to final follow-up (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
DSME sessions were effective in improving knowledge and awareness among T2D patients, irrespective of socioeconomic classes in Eastern India. The acquired knowledge from DSME sessions was retained over a long time.
Comparison of routine office blood pressure measurement versus standardized attended manually activated oscillometric office blood pressure measurement in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chellappan Anand , Kansal Keshiha 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Erroneous blood pressure measurement could lead to improper treatment and hence progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In routine clinical practice, there is poor adherence to the various steps to be followed during blood pressure measurement. Automated oscillometric BP measurement is difficult to perform in routine clinical practice due to several practical limitations.

Aims:
To evaluate the quality of blood pressure measurement and to compare routine office blood pressure measurement with standardized attended manually activated oscillometric blood pressure measurement in patients with CKD attending the nephrology outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care referral center.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged more than 18 years with CKD stage 3–5ND, and previously diagnosed hypertension, in the nephrology OPD of a tertiary care referral center between July 2022 and September 2022.

Methods and Material:
The quality of blood pressure measurement was evaluated using a questionnaire. The study participants had their blood pressure checked by both methods—routine office blood pressure and standardized attended manually activated oscillometric blood pressure.

Results:
Standardized attended manually activated oscillometric blood pressure measurement yielded a significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to routine office blood pressure measurement (Mean SBP: 139.53 ± 29.1 vs 132.57 ± 23.59; P < 0.001). However, the diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the two methods of measurement.

Conclusions:
Standardized attended manually activated oscillometric BP measurement yields a higher systolic BP compared to routine office BP measurement. Further studies are required to compare the standardized attended oscillometric BP measurement used in this study with unattended automated oscillometric BP measurement and ambulatory BP measurement.
Association between the Hopkins Falls grading scale and motor function tests in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mashoufi Rasam , Nahayati Mohammad A. , Meshkat Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Seyed A. , Salimi Mostafa , Yekta Maryam M. , Alehashemi Alireza 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
One of the main complications of multiple sclerosis (MS) is imbalance and walking problems that can lead to falls. This study investigated the association between a fall measurement scale called the Hopkins Falls Grading Scale (HFGS) and motor function tests in patients with MS.

Material and Methods:
This cross sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling on 85 patients referred to the MS Association of Mashhad, Iran, in 2023. The HFGS examined falls during the past year and divided them into 4 degrees, and the function test included the timed 25 foot walk (T25FW) test and the timed up and go (TUG) test. Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.

Results:
A statistically significant association was obtained between HFGS and functional tests (T25FW and TUG) (for both P < 0.0001). A significant association was observed between the variables of age (P = 0.006), duration of the disease (P = 0.03), the use of mobility devices (P = 0.05), and HFGS.

Conclusion:
Considering the association between HFGS and motor function tests in MS patients, clinical experts should pay attention to patients who have slower movement and evaluate them in terms of falling status when performing motor function tests.
Cognitive facet and paradigm of the caregivers of children with developmental problems in Eastern India
Authors: De Partha , Chatterjee Nandita , Pal Ranabir , Ghosh Amrita 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The role of caregivers in grooming the neuro-developmental outcome of high-risk newborns and developmental challenges in children needs to be explored.

Objectives:
To find the knowledge and perception among parents regarding the neuro-developmental outcome of high-risk newborns, methods adopted to address these problems, and to identify areas on which awareness generation needs to focus.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based awareness survey was conducted to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices of families of children with developmental challenges.

Results:
The study revealed that more than 70 percent of families lack information about child development, developmental challenges, and means to deal with them. They are unaware of the available health care services and other resources. One in three families has misconceptions on developmental disabilities; consider them as curse or jinx and consequently neglected. Female children with developmental problems are further ostracized due to gender inequity in families. About 10 percent of families have shown great openness toward acquiring new skills and knowledge for handling their children with developmental delays.

Conclusions:
This study is based on the précis research findings of our grass-root level fieldwork conducted in remote rural Bengal areas. The observation will be of interest and learning materials for general primary care practitioners, family physicians, and stakeholders to initiate appropriate intervention strategies for properly rehabilitating children with developmental delay at grass-root levels of primary health care.
Socio-demographic association with confirmed hepatitis C virus infection: A cross-sectional analysis from a teaching institute
Authors: Medhi Mithu , Sonowal Aparna , Sonowal Pranjal , Neog Bhaskar Jyoti , Phukan Chimanjita 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic blood-borne disease and is more commonly associated with chronic active hepatitis leading to cirrhosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease.

Methodology:
160 consecutive screening positive (Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay positive) Hepatitis C samples were tested by HCV RNA Real Time-PCR for confirmation.

Result:
Prevalence of confirmed hepatitis C among screening positive patient in the present study was found to be 24.4%. Vaccinated individual with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B had significant association with PCR positivity in screening positive Hepatitis C patient (p< 0.05). IV drug users and patient having multiple sex partners have significant association with PCR positivity among screening positive Hepatitis C patients (p< 0.05).

Conclusion:
Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and the increased risk of serious complications, it is important to focus on prevention and early detection of HCV.
Controversial aspects of Pashanabheda in classical texts of Ayurveda
Authors: Rabadiya Mital G , Sharma Tarun , Nathani Sumit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In the present era, the world is looking towards herbal medicine for its acceptability and safety. There are some medicinal plants in Ayurveda that are used across India under different local names and different botanical species. Pashanabheda is one among them, which is used in ashmari, basti shodhana, mutrakrichha, yoni roga, prameha, etc., and many different species are used under the name Pashanabheda.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to find out the correct botanical identity of Pashanabheda based on the characteristics, effects, properties, and therapeutic uses mentioned in our classical texts.

Materials and Methods
Classical texts of Ayurveda, such as Samhita and Nighantu, other texts related to botany, taxonomy, and various scientific research articles as well as online search engines were reviewed and information was systematically collected, compared, and presented.

Result

Bergenia ligulata Wall., Aerva lanata Juss., Coleus aromaticus Benth., Kalanchoe pinnata (Linn.), Ammania baccifera Linn., Rotula aquatica Lour., Homonoia riparia Lour., and Bridelia retusa Spreng. are abundantly used under the name Pashanabheda in different regions of the country. We compared the effects, properties, and therapeutic indications of all species. After considering the botanical description, habitat, synonyms, and comparative analysis of effects and therapeutic indications of the various species, Berginia ligulata seems to be more appropriate and should be used as Pashanabheda.

Conclusion
It is concluded that Bergenia ligulata is widely acceptable for Pashanabheda. Aerva lanata, Coleus aromaticus, and several other diuretic plants are usually recommended to be used instead, but the habitat (growing among the rocks) and the clinical efficiency of Bergenia in dissolving the stones formed in the urinary tract fully justify the use of various names attributed to it.
Speed versus Sensitivity
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Karade Santosh , Anand Kavita Bala , Lall Mahima , Sen Sourav , Patrikar Seema , Naithani Nardeep 
Published: May 2024

Background:
As the world battles the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rapid detection is the key to contain the spread of the disease. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it demands specialized equipment and technical expertise. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen detection test (RAT) is the user-friendly alternative, which needs evaluation in the hospital setting.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Indian Council of Medical Research approved COVID-19 diagnostic molecular laboratory between November and December 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium (VTM) were received from suspected SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were processed for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and a rapid antigen detection test, COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip.

Results:
A total of 342 samples were assessed for this study by RT-PCR and Rapid Antigen Test. The sensitivity of RAT was found to be 41% at an RT-PCR cycle threshold of 35 or below. Sensitivity of RAT improved to 81.2% when a RT-PCR cycle threshold of 25 or below was considered as positive. Specificity of RAT was 99% to 100%.

Conclusion:
Rapid antigen test is a cost-effective alternative for screening of symptomatic individuals in the hospital setting. However, due to low sensitivity, the negative results need to be interpreted with caution.
Estimating the usefulness of inferior vena cava collapsibility index and caval aorta index to predict hypotension after spinal anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing elective surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Eeshwar MV , Chari Alankrita , Gaude Yogesh K. , Kordcal Abhishek Rao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension (PSAH) can occur in 25–75% of patients. The preload or volume status of a patient is an important contributor to PSAH, and coloading with fluids is advocated to prevent PSAH. Instead of blind volume loading, prediction of volume status using inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility index (IVCCI) and caval aorta index (IVC:Ao index) may be used to guide fluid administration.

Material and Methods:
In our study, we used ultrasound in the immediate pre-operative period to calculate IVCCI and IVC:Ao index in patients scheduled for elective surgery in the supine position, under spinal anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia was given in the lateral position with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Patients were placed supine thereafter, sensory blockade level was ascertained, and blood pressure (BP) was measured every 2 min for 30 min. Episodes of hypotension were treated with fluids or vasopressors as per the discretion of the treating anaesthesiologist. In the study, 73 patients were screened, out of which 69 were included.

Results:
Totally, 23 participants out of 69 developed PSAH. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made and the area under the curve analysis was done on our collected data. We found that IVC:Ao index has better sensitivity (0.696 for IVC:Ao index ≤0.810) and specificity (0.717 for IVC:Ao index ≤0.810) than IVCCI (sensitivity 0.522 and specificity 0.630 for IVCCI ≥33.32%) to predict PSAH.

Conclusion:
IVC:Ao index is a better predictor of PSAH than IVCCI. Thus, it may be used to predict volume status and guide in coloading with fluids during spinal anaesthesia.
Effect of single-dose intravenous lignocaine versus fentanyl on neuromuscular recovery time after general anesthesia in elective pediatric surgery: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Dhar Mridul , Sharma Ruhi , Payal Yashwant S. , Gupta Vaishali , Rawat Jyoti , Sogal Sachin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Intravenous (IV) lignocaine is often used to prevent the airway response to extubation, especially in children to prevent respiratory adverse events. It is known to prolong the duration of action of neuromuscular blocking drugs, but data in children are limited. The primary objective of this study was to compare neuromuscular recovery time with IV lignocaine versus fentanyl, in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia (GA). Secondary objectives included the comparison of clinical parameters and respiratory complications.

Material and Methods:
A randomized double-blind pilot study was conducted in 42 children aged 2–8 years undergoing GA with neuromuscular blockade, who received either 1.5 mg/kg of lignocaine or 0.5 mcg/kg of fentanyl IV, just prior to giving reversal at a train of four (TOF) count of 2–3. Time to achieve a TOF ratio of 0.9 and extubation and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were noted. Incidences of coughing, bucking, laryngospasm, etc., were also noted. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Demographic and operative data were similar. Time from reversal to TOF ratio of 0.9 was similar with both lignocaine (6.79 ± 3.03 mins) and fentanyl (6.79 ± 3.31 mins), P = 0.99. Time to extubation was also similar in both groups (8.14 ± 3.31 vs 9.19 ± 2.89 min), P = 0.28. Bucking incidence was higher with fentanyl (23.8%) vs lignocaine (9.5%), P = 0.41.

Conclusions:
Single-dose IV lignocaine administered before reversal did not prolong neuromuscular recovery time compared to fentanyl, with a similar (low) incidence of respiratory events in pediatric patients.
A Comparative Study of Conjunctival-Limbal Autograft with Fibrin Clot and Glue Techniques for Pterygium
Authors: Gonugunta Vishnu Teja , Jha Kirti Nath , Srikanth Krishnagopal , Pabolu Chinmayee 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Pterygium is a common conjunctival disorder seen in tropical countries. Surgery is the permanent treatment. Various methods of graft fixation include sutures, fibrin clot, and glue techniques. Fibrin clot (autologous serum) technique involves the utilization of the patient's oozed blood from the episcleral vessels to serve as natural glue adhering the graft to the underlying sclera, whereas commercial glue involves the use of two components for firm adherence of the graft.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to observe and compare the complication rates, outcomes, and recurrence with fibrin clot and glue techniques for pterygium.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty-six eyes of 126 patients with primary pterygium were operated under peribulbar anesthesia by a single surgeon after doing the routine clinical examination. Group A included 63 eyes where the fibrin clot technique was used for graft adherence and Group B included 63 eyes where commercial glue was used for fixing the graft. Pterygium was excised, and a conjunctival-limbal autograft was taken from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of the same eye. In the fibrin clot (autologous serum) technique, natural hemostasis was encouraged, and the graft was placed over the oozed blood, left undisturbed for 10 min. In the glue technique, hemostasis was achieved and graft was transplanted over the glue and left undisturbed for 2 min. Eye patch was removed the next day of surgery. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken. Standard postoperative treatment was given. Follow-up was carried on day (postoperative day) 1, 15, 30, 90, 180, and 300.

Results:
The mean surgical time was 29.3 and 19.6 min in Group A and Group B, respectively. Graft retraction and graft edema were noted in four patients (6.3%) in fibrin clot technique, and graft edema was noted in five patients (7.9%) in Group B, which resolved on subsequent visits with conservative management. No recurrence was noted in either group. No other postoperative complications were noted in both groups.

Conclusion:
Fibrin clot (autologous serum) and glue techniques do not use sutures, thus avoid the cost of sutures and suture-related discomfort and complications. Fibrin clot (autologous serum) is more economical than the glue technique. Cosmetic outcome in the immediate postoperative period is better with glue than fibrin clot technique. Long-term outcome is the same in both groups. Autologous serum avoids the transmission of prion diseases possible with glue method. Both the techniques are equally safe and efficient.
Addressing Obesity and Dental Caries: Rationale and Practical Guidelines, a Narrative Review
Authors: Alnassar Faisal , Alnassar Waleed , Chikkanna Meenakumari , Gaballah Olfat Mohamed , Moawad Amira A.R. , Krishnan Ramesh , Jandrajupalli Suresh Babu , Chandolu Swarnalatha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with global, epidemic spread. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a considerable source of concern, given its potential impact on morbidity, mortality, and cost of health care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as a predisposing factor to major chronic diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancers. Once considered a problem only in developed nations, the WHO estimates now show that obesity is on the rise, dramatically, even in low- and middle-income countries. Both obesity and dental caries have common determinants and require a comprehensive, integrated, and multidisciplinary approach. In this context, dental health-care professionals should promote healthy diets not only to prevent dental caries but also to reduce the risk of obesity, provided that obesity and dental caries share common lifestyle factors starting from childhood and adolescence. There are very few literature evidences wherein significant attention has been drawn toward the prevention of this global health burden. The present review focuses on a similar lacuna in the literature and emphasizes the role of primary health-care providers including dental professionals who are well-trained to address this public health concern at grassroots levels. Thus, the improvement of dental health and general well-being of individuals requires an active collaboration between dental and general health-care providers and the implementation of health promotion strategies targeting management of both obesity and dental caries by using a holistic approach.