bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy in elderly head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salvestrini Viola , Caini Saverio , Scricciolo Melissa , Saerens Michael , Bollen Heleen , Bonomo Pierluigi , Caparrotti Francesca , Lorini Luigi , Oliva Marc , Urbanowicz-Nijaki Maria , Szturz Petr 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionOver the past years, there has been a growing interest in the role of immunotherapy in locally advanced (LA) and recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). High-quality data from prospective trials are lacking for the elderly subpopulation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in older patients.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted. Randomized clinical trials providing outcome data on a subgroup of elderly (&gt;65 years old) were available for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes of interest were OS and PFS for efficacy analysis.ResultsSeven studies were included in the systematic review and four in the efficacy analysis. The pooled analysis of OS and PFS showed a consistent benefit (HR 0.78 and 0.91, respectively).ConclusionsImmunotherapy may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in the elderly population, but more prospective and randomized data are needed.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022333891).
Prognostic impact of interstitial lung abnormalities in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Xian-Liang , Sun Yin-Bo , Guo Xiao-Tong , Yang Sheng-Zhao , Zhang Wen-Ping 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundNewly identified as a radiological concept, interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) is emerging as a prognostic factor for lung cancer. Yet, debates persist regarding the prognostic significance of ILA in lung cancer. Our inaugural meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between ILA and lung cancer outcomes, offering additional insights for clinicians in predicting patient prognosis.MethodsArticles meeting the criteria were found through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science by February 29, 2024. The outcomes evaluated were the survival rates such as overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS).ResultsA total of 12 articles with 4416 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that lung cancer patients with interstitial lung abnormalities had an inferior OS (n=11; HR=2.22; 95% CI=1.68-2.95; P&lt;0.001; I2 = 72.0%; Ph&lt;0.001), PFS (n=3; HR=1.59; 95% CI=1.08-2.32; P=0.017; I2 = 0%; Ph=0.772), and CSS (n=2; HR=4.00; 95% CI=1.94-8.25; P&lt;0.001; I2 = 0%; Ph=0.594) than those without, however, the ILA was not significantly associated with the DFS (n=2; HR=2.07; 95% CI=0.94-7.02; P=0.066; I2 = 90.4%; Ph=0.001). Moreover, lung cancer patients with ILA were significantly correlated with male (OR=2.43; 95% CI=1.48-3.98; P&lt;0.001), smoking history (OR=2.11; 95% CI=1.37-3.25; P&lt;0.001), advanced age (OR=2.50; 95% CI=1.56-4.03; P&lt;0.001), squamous carcinoma (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.24-0.71; P=0.01), and EGFR mutation (OR=0.50; 95% CI=0.32-0.78; P=0.002). The correlation between ILA and race, stage, ALK, however, was not significant.ConclusionILA was a availability factors of prognosis in patients with lung cancers. These findings highlight the importance of early pulmonary fibrosis, namely ILA for prognosis in patients with lung cancer, and provide a partial rationale for future clinical work.
Targeting the PANoptosis signaling pathway for myocardial protection: therapeutic potential of Xian Ling Gu Bao capsule
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Wei Jiajia , Zhang Wenfang , Yi Yang , Wang Tingting , Gong Qihai , Liu Xin , Li Haibo , Gao Jianmei 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI), the most prevalent ischemic heart disease, constitutes a primary cause of global cardiovascular disease with incidence and mortality. The pathogenesis of MI is exceedingly intricate, with PANoptosis playing a pivotal role in its pathological process. Xian Ling Gu Bao capsule (XLGB) contains various active components, including flavonoids, terpenes, and phenylpropanoids, and exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, it remains unclear whether XLGB can protect the myocardium from damage after MI. This study aimed to investigate the impact of XLGB on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced MI in mice and its potential mechanisms.Methods: This study assessed the protective effects of XLGB against ISO-induced MI through techniques such as echocardiography, HE staining, Masson staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of XLGB's protective effects on MI were explored using bioinformatics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. These mechanisms were further validated through immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.Results: The results demonstrated that various doses of XLGB exhibited a significant reduction in myocardial injury induced by myocardial infarction. Intriguingly, higher dosages of XLGB displayed superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the positive control metoprolol. This protective effect is primarily achieved through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes. Furthermore, we have elucidated that XLGB protected the myocardium from MI-induced damage by suppressing PANoptosis, with a critical role played by the NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1 signaling pathway. Of particular note, the primary compounds of XLGB were found to directly interact with NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1, a discovery further validated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This suggests that NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1 may be a therapeutic target for XLGB-induced myocardial protection.Conclusion: In summary, our findings reveal a novel property of XLGB: reverses myocardial damage following MI by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1-mediated PANoptosis pathway.
Phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties of alfalfa in response to phosphorus fertilizer types in sandy soil and saline-alkali soil
Authors: Zhang Tianchan , Wan Weifan , Sun Zhi , Li Haigang 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPhosphorus (P) fertilizer is critical to maintain a high yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). There are several fertilizer types and soil types in China, and the application of a single type of P fertilizer may not be suitable for present-day alfalfa production.MethodsIn order to select the optimal combination of alfalfa and soil type and fertilizer type for improving P utilization efficiency. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment, calcium superphosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KP), and no-fertilizer control treatments were applied to alfalfa in sandy and saline-alkali soils. The response of alfalfa root morphology and rhizosphere processes to different P fertilizers was investigated.Results and discussionThe results showed that shoot biomass of alfalfa was slightly higher in sandy soil than in saline–alkali soil. Shoot biomass of alfalfa increased by 223%-354% in sandy soil under P treatments compared with the control, and total root length increased significantly by 74% and 53% in DAP and SSP treatments, respectively. In saline–alkali soil, alfalfa shoot biomass was significantly increased by 229% and 275% in KP and DAP treatments, and total root length was increased by 109% only in DAP treatment. Net P uptake of alfalfa in DAP treatment was the highest in both soils, which were 0.73 and 0.54 mg plant-1, respectively. Alfalfa shoot P concentration was significantly positively correlated with shoot and root biomass (P &lt; 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001) whereas negatively correlated with acid phosphatase concentration (P &lt; 0.05). Improvement of plant growth and P uptake induced by P fertilizer application was greater in sandy soil than in saline–alkali soil. DAP and KP was the most efficient P fertilizers in both sandy soil and saline–alkali soil.
Based on the relationship between anxiety of existential meaninglessness, hope level, and fear of progression, explored the effect of preoperative nursing with Orem theory in the senile cataract population
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Cheng Yanmiao , Liang Yan , Shao Mengfei , Chen Aiai 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCataracts, characterized by a decrease in vision due to the clouding of the lens, can progress to blindness in advanced stages. The rising incidence of cataract cases has led to a significant number of patients experiencing negative emotions associated with vision loss, thereby diminishing their quality of life. In clinical practice, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to consider the psychological well-being of cataract patients. Currently, there is a scarcity of research focusing on psychological evaluations, such as assessing feelings of meaninglessness among individuals with cataracts.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the factors influencing the anxiety of existential meaninglessness and to explore the relationships among existential anxiety, Herth hope index levels and fear of progression in the elderly cataract-affected population. Additionally, it evaluates the effectiveness of Orem’s nursing care strategies.MethodsUtilizing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Existential Meaninglessness Anxiety Scale (EM-A), Herth Hope Index Level Scale, and the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), this research employed convenience sampling for a cross-sectional and intervention study. The retrospective study sample comprised 1,029 individuals, while the intervention study included 317. The intervention design assessed psychological changes in existential meaninglessness following Orem’s preoperative nursing interventions. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to ascertain the determinants of EM-A within the population of elderly patients with senile cataracts. Pearson correlation analysis elucidated the relationship between EM-A, levels of hope, and the FoP-Q-SF among this demographic. Subsequent investigations, utilizing a t-test, evaluated the effects by comparing the data before and after the implementation of the interventions.ResultsThe correlation between EM-A, hope levels, and FoP-Q-SF was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Factors such as age, education level, alcohol consumption habits, hope levels, and FoP-Q-SF scores significantly affected EM-A scores (p &lt; 0.05). Orem’s nursing framework significantly reduced existential anxiety (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAmong elderly patients with cataracts, existential anxiety was generally moderate. Hope levels and fear of progression were closely associated with the EM-A. The novel Orem preoperative care model effectively addresses clinical issues. In clinical practice, it is crucial to address psychological problems and enhance patients’ quality of life.
Academic motivation in adolescents: the role of parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction and self-control
Authors: Çelik Oğuzhan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundVarious perspectives on the existence and degree of motivation, which is a crucial factor influencing human behavior, have been studied for many years. Especially in adolescence, a phase marked by rapid change, motivation plays a crucial role in supporting young people to achieve their goals, fulfill their responsibilities, and experience healthy development.AimsThe present study aims to investigate the structural relationships among perceived parental autonomy support, satisfaction of psychological needs, self-control, and academic motivation.SampleThe study was conducted with a total of 427 high school students, including 230 females and 197 males, aged between 14 and 19 (M = 15.82; SD = 1.02).MethodParticipants completed self-report measures of academic motivation, parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction, and self-control. Structural equation modeling was performed to explore complex relationships between variables of interest.ResultsThe study revealed that psychological needs satisfaction increased as parental autonomy support increased, and self-control also increased with the satisfaction of psychological needs. It was also found that satisfaction of psychological needs was positively related to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, self-control was associated with increased intrinsic motivation and decreased amotivation. In addition, it was found that parental autonomy support has an indirect relationship with academic motivation through the satisfaction of psychological needs and self-control.ConclusionIt is believed that these connections will lead to a deeper understanding of the significant processes in adolescence and serve as a foundation for developing and implementing psycho-educational interventions related to these variables.
Disparities in accessing specialty behavioral health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and why we need pediatric integrated primary care
Authors: Chakawa Ayanda , Crawford Trista Perez , Belzer Leslee Throckmorton , Yeh Hung-Wen 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveYouth unmet behavioral health needs are at public health crisis status and have worsened since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (Covid-19). Integrating behavioral health services into pediatric primary care has shown efficacy in addressing youth behavioral health needs. However, there is limited guidance on facilitating equitable access to care in this setting, including in triaging access to co-located services (i.e., onsite outpatient behavioral health services with only the behavioral health provider) or to specialty behavioral health services in other clinics within larger health systems.MethodsA retrospective, comparative study was conducted to examine variability in access to co-located and specialty behavioral health (SBH) services for a pre-Covid-19 cohort (April 2019 to March 2020; n = 367) and a mid-Covid-19 cohort (April 2020 to March 2021; n = 328), while accounting for integrated primary care consultation services. The sample included children 1-18 years old served through a large, inner-city primary care clinic. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between scheduled and attended co-located and SBH visits, pre- and mid-Covid-19 effects, and sociodemographic factors of race and ethnicity, language, health insurance (SES proxy), age, and sex.ResultsThe majority of youth were not directly scheduled for a co-located or SBH visit but the majority of those scheduled attended their visit(s). The odds of not being directly scheduled for a co-located or SBH visit were greater for the mid-Covid-19 cohort, Black youth, and older youth. Accounting for integrated primary care consultation visits addressed these disparities, with the exception of persisting significant differences in scheduled and attended co-located and SBH visits for Black youth even while accounting for IPC consultation.ImplicationFindings from the current study highlight the effective role of integrated primary care consultation services as facilitating access to initial behavioral health services, especially given that referrals to integrated primary care co-located and SBH services within the larger health system often involve barriers to care such as longer wait-times and increased lack of referral follow through. Ongoing research and equitable program development are needed to further this work.
The importance of examining early maladaptive schemas in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Csigó Katalin , Münnich Ákos , Molnár Judit 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe aim of the study was twofolded: to identify the early maladaptive schemas characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a Hungarian sample and, to examine the presence and severity of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in the light of early maladaptive schemas.Methods112 participants (58 men and 54 women) diagnosed with OCD were involved in the study. The questionnaire package consisted of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the Schema Questionnaire (SQ).ResultsWe identified five early maladaptive schemas with a direct effect on the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Mistrust-Abuse, Inferiority/Shame, Dependence/Incompetence, Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline and Entitlement/Grandiosity (reversed effect). Based on the severity of the early maladaptive schemas, three significantly different groups could be identified in our sample: patients with mild, moderate and high schema-values. Among the groups significant differences can be found in the appearance and severity of compulsive symptoms, as well as in the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. But contrary to our expectations, not the severity, but the numberof the early maladaptive schemas showed a stronger correlation with the symptom variables. An additional result of our study derives from canonical correlation, addressing the relationship among early maladaptive schemas, OCD symptoms, anxiety and depressive symptoms from a new perspective. The results highlight that OCD is only one and not the most serious consequence of personality damage, indicated by early maladaptive schemas.DiscussionThe results of our study suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder can be divided into several subgroups, which can be separated in terms of symptom severity, comorbid psychiatric symptoms and personality impairment patterns. The relationship between OCD symptom severity and personality impairment seems to be not directly proportional. Our results strengthen the new dimensional view of OCD, which can determine the selection of the appropriate therapeutic treatment method beyond the diagnostic process.
“I don’t know if I can keep doing this”: a qualitative investigation of surgeon burnout and opportunities for organization-level improvement
Authors: McNeill Kestrel , Vaillancourt Sierra , Choe Stella , Yang Ilun , Sonnadara Ranil 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBurnout is a pressing issue within surgical environments, bearing considerable consequences for both patients and surgeons alike. Given its prevalence and the unique contextual factors within academic surgical departments, it is critical that efforts are dedicated to understanding this issue. Moreover, active involvement of surgeons in these investigations is critical to ensure viability and uptake of potential strategies in their local setting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore surgeons’ experiences with burnout and identify strategies to mitigate its drivers at the level of the organization.MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted by recruiting surgeons for participation in a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. Data collected were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, which was informed by the Areas of Worklife Model.ResultsOverall, 28 unique surgeons participated in this study; 11 surgeons participated in interviews and 22 provided responses through the survey. Significant contributors to burnout identified included difficulties providing adequate care to patients due to limited resources and time available in academic medical centers and the moral injury associated with these challenges. The inequitable remuneration associated with education, administration, and leadership roles as a result of the Fee-For-Service model, as well as issues of gender inequity and the individualistic culture prevalent in surgical specialties were also described as contributing factors. Participants suggested increasing engagement between hospital leadership and staff to ensure surgeons are able to access resources to care for their patients, reforming payment plans and workplace polities to address issues of inequity, and improving workplace social dynamics as strategies for addressing burnout.DiscussionThe high prevalence and negative sequalae of burnout in surgery necessitates the formation of targeted interventions to address this issue. A collaborative approach to developing interventions to improve burnout among surgeons may lead to feasible and sustainable solutions.
Descriptive study on substance uses and risk of sexually transmitted infections in the practice of Chemsex in Spain
Authors: del Pozo-Herce Pablo , Baca-García Enrique , Martínez-Sabater Antonio , Chover-Sierra Elena , Gea-Caballero Vicente , Curto-Ramos Javier , Czapla Michal , Karniej Piotr , Martínez-Tofe Jesús , Sánchez-Barba Mercedes , de Viñaspre Regina Ruiz , Juárez-Vela Raúl 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been an increasing use of sex-related substances (known as “Chemsex”) to facilitate, intensify, and prolong the sexual experience of men who have sex with men. This phenomenon poses a public health problem, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mental disorders.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to delve into the correlation between substance use and sexual health, specifically examining the association between different substances used and the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the context of Chemsex in Spain.MethodsAn observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 563 Spanish participants between January and April 2023. Non-probabilistic purposive sampling was used by the investigators. The researchers administered a questionnaire to men who have sex with men who use substances, especially in the sexual sphere, in all the autonomous communities of Spain.Results14.7% reported having practiced slamsex in the last year, and 17.94% were diagnosed with a Sexually Transmitted Infection in the previous 6 months. Of these, 21% were on PREP treatment, with the main STIs being gonorrhea (p &lt; 0.001), chlamydia (p &lt; 0.001), genital herpes (p = 0.020), and syphilis (p &lt; 0.001). The 63.7% used methamphetamines as the main drug in the practice of chemsex.DiscussionChemsex in Spain is linked to a high prevalence of STIs, especially gonorrhea and chlamydia, even among those on PrEP treatment. The use of various drugs during chemsex, such as amyl nitrite, GHB, ecstasy, and others, correlates with higher rates of STIs, highlighting the need for interventions to reduce risk and harm. The drugs most associated with slamsex include ketamine, mephedrone, and methamphetamine, underscoring the importance of addressing the risk behaviors associated with this activity.ConclusionThis study shows that chemsex appears to be associated with a high prevalence among men who have sex with men. Who use multiple substances in a sexual context, and are particularly exposed to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), indicating a particular need for STI prevention and care in this group.