bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymically Controlled Reactions of Organofluorine Compounds
Authors: KITAZUME T. , YAMAZAKI T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Elemental Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Authors: HUTCHINSON J. , SANDFORD G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Organoantimony Compounds Containing Sb—Sb Bonds: A Review
Authors: SHARMA P. , CABRERA A. , JHA N. K. , ROSAS N. , LE LAGADEC R. , SHARMA M. , ARIAS J. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxidation of C=X Double Bonds
Authors: BARTOK M. , SCHNEIDER G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thiocarbonyl Group
Authors: MOLINA M. T. , YANEZ M. , MO O. , NOTARIO R. , ABBOUD J.‐L. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Anions and Radical Cations Derived from Compounds Containing C:C, C:O or C:N Groups
Authors: BERGER D. J. , TANKO J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Additions to Double Bonds
Authors: KOCOVSKY P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Chiral Benzoxazinone Auxiliary and Its Application to the Synthesis of Carbapenem Antibiotics
Authors: SEKI M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Multifunctional Carbon Compounds
Authors: TAKEUCHI Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Three‐Membered Cyclic Disulfides, Dithiiranes
Authors: ISHII A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Phthalimidine Syntheses
Authors: TAKAHASHI I. , HATANAKA M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Molecular Catalysts, Small Molecule Machines
Authors: LENSIK C. , MILESTONE N. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Measuring Traces of Antibiotics in Milk
Authors: DASENBROCK C. O. , LACOURSE W. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The use of peat granules in a fluidized bed bioreactor
Authors: Clarke Kyla , Pugsley Todd , Hill Gordon A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study describes the particle characteristics and fluidized hydrodynamics of peat granules. Peat granules, moistened with water, are a potential packing material in a gas–solid fluidized bed bioreactor used for treating air pollution. Information on the fluidization of wet peat granules is lacking. In order to advance this new type of bioreactor and to scale up its design for industrial use, fluidization studies of suitable packing material are required. Using abiotic experiments, three sizes of peat granules have been fluidized with air and fluidization characteristics were observed at different superficial gas velocities. Relative to other biomass particles, peat granules have a high particle density and sphericity, which contributes to favourable fluidization behaviour, without gas channelling. Fluidization experiments demonstrate that as the mean size of peat particles increased, minimum fluidization velocity increased. Increasing the moisture content of the peat granules resulted in a transition from bubbling bed fluidization to poor fluidization behaviour. Other types of moist biomass particles such as sawdust are difficult to fluidize and typically exhibit Geldart group C behaviour. In contrast, it was observed that wet peat granules could be fluidized in a bubbling bed regime, typical of group B particles.
On‐line Tuning of Model Predictive Controllers Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ali Emad , Al‐Ghazzawi Ashraf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of tuning model predictive controllers for good performance. An automatic online tuning strategy is developed to adjust the prediction horizon, P, the diagonal elements of the input weight matrix, Λ, and the diagonal elements of the output weight matrix, Γ. The control horizon is left constant because its relative value with respect to P is more important. The tuning algorithm is based on the fuzzy logic concepts. Predefined fuzzy rules that formulate the general tuning guidelines available in the literature and the performance violation measure in the form of fuzzy sets determine the new tuning parameter values. Therefore, the tuning algorithm is cast as a simple and straightforward mechanism with modest computational requirements. This feature makes it more appealing for online implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed tuning method is tested through simulated implementation on a binary distillation column example and on a non linear CSTR example. The result of the simulations revealed the success of such a method.
Transport of Gellan Gum Microbeads in Soil Columns of Various Grain Size Distributions
Authors: Moslemy Peyman , Millette Denis , Guiot Serge R. , Neufeld Ronald J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe transport of gellan gum microbeads as potential cell carriers was investigated in horizontal columns packed with different grain size classes of gravel (2–16 mm) and sand (0.25–2 mm). A suspension of microbeads was pulsed into each column for 6 h, followed by injection of water for 42 h. In general, the total amount of microbeads travelling across a given section of the column increased with injection time but decreased towards the column outlet, varying as a direct function of grain size. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the transport of gellan gum microbeads through medium sand to medium gravel across distances up to 110 cm.
A Combined Selective Adsorption and Ozonation Process for VOCs Removal from Air
Authors: Monneyron P. , Manero M ‐H , Manero S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new hybrid process combining adsorption and ozonation is examined as an alternative treatment for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). The physical adsorption of ozone was clarified on a ZSM‐5 zeolite. Oxidation of two industrial solvents was achieved on two zeolites and followed with temperature profiles and sub‐products detection. Total regeneration of the fixed bed was achieved with a complete mineralization of organic compounds. Detection and identification of sub‐products traces allowed us to suspect oxidation reactive species. A mass balance on oxygen showed that all the inlet ozone was used for organic compounds oxidation. A selective oxidation was achieved, allowing the separation and the recovery of minor compound.
Acute Type B Hepatitis among HBsAg Negative Patients Detected by Anti-HBc IgM
Authors: Kryger Peter , Aldershvile Jan , Mathiesen Lars R. , Nielsen Jens O. 
Published: July 2010

A consecutive group of 169 patients with acute hepatitis found negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and negative for IgM antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgM) was studied for presence of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) by ELISA. Anti-HBc IgM was found in a total of 34 of 60 patients with detectable total anti-HBc. One hundred and nine patients had no detectable anti-HBc IgM and no total anti-HBc and were thus considered as having acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Among the 34 patients with anti-HBc IgM in their first serum sample, 23 were anti-HBs negative and all had high and steadily decreasing ratio unit (RU) values for anti-HBc IgM (mean RU value 17.1). Twelve of the 23 patients showed seroconversion to anti-HBs during the follow-up, indicating an actual hepatitis B virus infection. Eleven of the 34 anti-HBc IgM positive patients had anti-HBs in their first serum sample. In this group, the RU values for anti-HBc IgM were high and steadily declining and the initial values were significantly lower (mean RU value 9.9) (p < 0.05) than in the anti-HBs negative group. Evidence is provided that anti-HBc IgM in serum from patients with HBsAg negative hepatitis with or without anti-HBs indicates an actual hepatitis B virus infection.
According to generally accepted criteria, the demonstration of anti-HBc IgM identified 20% of the 169 patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis as having an actual hepatitis B infection.
A Comparison of Acute Reversible Pre- and Postsinusoidal Portal Hypertension on Salt and Water Retention in the Dog
Authors: Campbell Vernon , Greig Paul D. , Cranford Jeff , Langer Bernard , Silverman Melvin , Blendis Laurence M. 
Published: July 2010

To define the relationship between portal hypertension and renal excretion of salt and water, two acute animal models of portal hypertension were investigated. In both models, it was necessary for systemic and renal hemodynamics to remain unchanged during the creation of portal hypertension so as to eliminate the effects of change in these parameters on renal excretion.
In eight dogs, portal hypertension was induced by controlled tightening of a ligature around the superior hepatic vein and changes in hemodynamics were prevented by controlled i.v. titration with canine plasma. Rises in portal pressure 9.3 ± 2.6 to 15.6 ± 2.3 cm H2O were associated with significant decreases in urine volume 1.57 ± 0.53 to 0.66 ± 0.21 ml per min (p < 0.05) and urinary sodium excretion [340 ± 82 to 145 ±75 mEq per min (p < 0.05)]. In contrast, similar experiments in five dogs in which the portal vein was partially ligated with increases in portal pressure from 8.3 ± 0.6 to 18.6 ± 0.5 cm H2O resulted in no change in urinary volume or sodium excretion.
Acute reversible portal hypertension induced by hepatic vein constriction is associated with acute reversible retention of water and salt in the absence of changes in renal blood flow and creatinine clearance which only occur when the liver is involved and not with portal vein constriction.
Bile Acid Metabolism in Cirrhosis. VIII. Quantitative Evaluation of Bile Acid Synthesis From [7β-3H]7α-Hydroxycholesterol and [G-3H]26-Hydroxycholesterol
Authors: Goldman Marc , Vlahcevic Reno Z. , Schwartz Charles C. , Gustafsson Jan , Swell Leon 
Published: July 2010

In order to evaluate more definitively the observed aberrations in the synthesis of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in patients with advanced cirrhosis, two bile acid biosynthesis pathways were examined by determining the efficiency of conversion of [3H]7α-hydroxycholesterol and [3H] 26-hydroxycholesterol to primary bile acids. Bile acid kinetics were determined by administration of [14C]cholic and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acids. Cholic acid synthesis in cirrhotic patients was markedly depressed (170 vs. 927 μmoles per day) while chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was reduced to a much lesser degree (227 vs. 550 μmoles per day). The administration of [3H]7α-hydroxycholes-terol allowed for an evaluation of the major pathway of bile acid synthesis via the 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol. This compound was efficiently incorporated into primary bile acids by the two normal subjects (88 and 100%) and two cirrhotic patients (77 and 91%). However, the recovery of the label in cholic acid was slightly less in cirrhotic patients than in normal subjects. [3H]26-hydroxycholesterol was administered to ascertain the contribution of the 26-hydroxylation pathway to bile acid synthesis. All study subjects showed poor conversion (9 to 22%) of this intermediate into bile acids.
The results of this study suggest that a major block in the bile acid synthesis pathway in cirrhosis is at the level of 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol (impairment of 7α-hydroxylase) and/or in the feedback triggering mechanism regulating bile acid synthesis. The data also suggest that the 26-hydroxylation pathway in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis is a minor contributor to synthesis of the primary bile acids. Therefore, the relative sparing of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis observed in cirrhotic patients is not due to preferential synthesis of this bile acid via the 26-hydroxylation pathway.
Noninvasive Measurement of Nutrient Portal Blood Shunting: An Experimental Study With [14C]Ursodeoxyeholie Acid
Authors: Nordlinger Bernard , Parquet Michel , Infante Recaredo , Moreels Reginald , Blondiau Pol , Boschat Michele , Groussard Michèle , Huguet Claude 
Published: July 2010

All of the methods proposed for measuring portal blood flow are either invasive, estimate total rather than nutrient flow, and none has proved reliable in cirrhotic patients. A method has been derived from pharmacokinetic principles used for the calculation of bioavailability of drugs according to the route of administration (i.v. or p.o.) and tested experimentally in 20 pigs. A tracer dose of [14C]ursodeoxycholic acid, a biliary acid with a high–liver first–pass effect, is administered in the duodenum, and serial peripheral blood samples are taken. Later, the same dose of the same drug is administered i.v. The shunt fraction of portal blood F is obtained by the ratio of the areas under the plasma level vs. time curves (“AUC”) after p.o. and i.v. administrations:The pigs were divided into three experimental groups, (i) Group I: undisturbed portal flow; (ii) Group II: total diversion of portal blood with an end–to–side portacaval shunt, and (iii) Group HI: partial diversion of portal blood through a side–to–side portacaval shunt.Portal flow was measured during surgery with an electromagnetic flowmeter above and below the shunt and the degree of shunting calculated.Results show that the shunt fraction measured with ursodeoxycholic acid is well–correlated with hemodynamic data. No overlap between Groups I to III is observed.It is concluded that the shunt fraction of nutrient portal blood can be measured with this noninvasive method. Minute amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid were used in order to be completely metabolized by the liver, even in spite of hepatocellular dysfunction. Therefore, this method should be valid in cirrhotic patients and be useful to decide the type of portosystemic shunt to propose for the decompression of gastroesophageal varices.
Four Generations of Arteriohepatic Dysplasia
Authors: Labrecque Douglas R. , Mitros Frank A. , Nathan Radha J. , Romanchuk Ken G. , Judisch George F. , El-Khoury George H. 
Published: July 2010

Arteriohepatic dysplasia (AHD) is a multisystem disorder which is characterized by liver, heart, eye, and bony abnormalities. A characteristic facies is also present. The etiology is not clear, and some authors have favored an in utero toxin or infection as the cause. Other reports have shown parent–to–child transmission suggesting an autosomal dominant form of inheritance. This study documents the presence of AHD characteristics in four successive generations of a single kindred. Overall, 15 of 24 members had at least some characteristics of AHD. In addition to the usual findings, renal disease, a small flat face on lateral X–ray, and mild conductive hearing loss were frequently noted in this kindred. Physiological studies on one member revealed a normal bromo–sulfophthalein Tm and S but a late rise in plasma bromosulfophthalein and indocyanine green.
This study strongly supports an autosomal dominant form of transmission for the AHD syndrome. The ease of determining the eye, bone, and heart abnormalities should simplify genetic studies of other patients' families. In addition, because these characteristics are recognizable at birth, documenting their presence in a jaundiced neonate should spare the infant unnecessary and potentially dangerous surgery to rule out extrahepatic obstruction, especially if one or more family members demonstrate the same abnormalities.
Rosette Inhibitory Factor: T–Lymphocyte Subpopulation Specificity and Potential Immunoregulatory Role in Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Sanders Gary , Perrillo Robert P. 
Published: July 2010

We have observed the disappearance of rosette inhibitory factor (RIF) from the serum of 19 patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection. This occurred at a time coinciding with the detection of anti–HBs. In addition, levels of RIF activity were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in 35 HBsAg carriers who lacked anti–HBs when compared to 15 carriers who regularly demonstrated this antibody. In all instances, RIF effect was partial affecting some, but not all, T–lymphocytes from forming erythrocyte rosettes.
To define if RIF exhibits an effect on specific T–lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocytes from healthy donors were separated into TM (helper), TG (suppressor), and To (null) subpopulations by an immunoglobulin–ox–cell rosette depletion method. The effect of RIF on erythrocyte rosette formation and Fc–receptor expression in these subpopulations was assessed. TG–lymphocytes were found to be refractory to RIF–mediated suppression of erythrocyte rosette formation while TM–lymphocytes demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to RIF. Incubation of TG– and To–lymphocytes, potential TM–precursor cells, with RIF resulted in a decreased expression of new IgM–Fc receptors.
In order to determine if any functional significance could be derived from these findings, the effect of RIF on in vitro immunoglobulin secretion was tested. Using pokeweed mitogen–stimulated mononuclear cell cultures, purified RIF–low density lipoprotein was shown to suppress IgM, IgG, and IgA secretion by 75.3, 74.3, and 59.3%, respectively.
These data are consistent with the hypothesis that RIF is a potential immunoregulatory protein which could contribute to the lack of anti–HBs noted during the acute phase of hepatitis B and in the majority of HBsAg carriers.
Taurocholate Transport by Rat Liver Sinusoidal Membrane Vesicles: Evidence of Sodium Cotransport
Authors: Inoue Masayasu , Kinne Rolf , Tran Thao , Arias Irwin M. 
Published: July 2010

To elucidate the first step in the vectorial transport of bile acids by the liver, plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from rat liver by differential and sucrose–Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The membranes were selectively enriched 20–fold in Na+,K+-ATPase activity, a marker of sinusoidal plasma membranes. Electron microscopy of pellets from sinusoidal membrane fraction did not reveal other organelles.
The initial rate of taurocholate uptake by the membrane vesicles was stimulated by a sodium gradient but not by a potassium gradient (Naoutside> Nainside). Sodium–dependent uptake of taurocholate was inhibited at low temperature (0oC), reduced by decreasing intravesicular space, and showed transstimulation in tracer exchange experiments indicating that uptake into vesicles, rather than binding to membranes, was occurring. Sodium–dependent taurocholate transport by the vesicles exhibited saturation kinetics with respect to taurocholate (apparent Km = 56 μM, Vmax = 0.65 nmoles per mg × 15 sec at 100 mM NaNO3 and 25oC) and sodium (apparent Km = 48 mM at 50 μM taurocholate). Other cations, such as lithium and choline, did not replace sodium in its stimulatory action. Sodium–dependent taurocholate uptake was selectively inhibited by cholic acid and probenecid. When the electrical potential difference across the vesicle membrane was altered by anion replacement, a more negative intravesicular potential inside the vesicles stimulated and a more positive potential inhibited sodium–dependent taurocholate transport. These data indicate the presence of a taurocholate–sodium cotransport system in the sinusoidal membranes of rat hepatocytes. This sodium–cotransport system probably participates in sodium–dependent uptake of bile acids into the hepatocyte. Bile acid secretion in the liver can be classified as secondary active transport.