bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Contextual Factors That Influence Acceptance of Pedestrian Alerts by a Night Vision System
Authors: Källhammer Jan-Erik , Smith Kip 
Published: March 2012

Objective: We investigated five contextual variables that we hypothesized would influence driver acceptance of alerts to pedestrians issued by a night vision active safety system to inform the specification of the system’s alerting strategies. Background: Driver acceptance of automotive active safety systems is a key factor to promote their use and implies a need to assess factors influencing driver acceptance. Method: In a field operational test, 10 drivers drove instrumented vehicles equipped with a preproduction night vision system with pedestrian detection software. In a follow-up experiment, the 10 drivers and 25 additional volunteers without experience with the system watched 57 clips with pedestrian encounters gathered during the field operational test. They rated the acceptance of an alert to each pedestrian encounter. Results: Levels of rating concordance were significant between drivers who experienced the encounters and participants who did not. Two contextual variables, pedestrian location and motion, were found to influence ratings. Alerts were more accepted when pedestrians were close to or moving toward the vehicle’s path. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the utility of using subjective driver acceptance ratings to inform the design of active safety systems and to leverage expensive field operational test data within the confines of the laboratory. Application: The design of alerting strategies for active safety systems needs to heed the driver’s contextual sensitivity to issued alerts.
Ruling the Womb
Authors: Peña Alejandra Brito , Aguayo Beatriz E. Cid , Orellana Carla Donoso 
Published: March 2012

In Chile, sexual and reproductive rights have been at the core of an ideological and material struggle during the past decade between the women’s movement—the grassroots, academic, and nongovernmental organizations that work for women’s rights, whether or not they call themselves feminists—and conservative forces. The 2006 election of Michelle Bachelet, a divorced socialist and single mother, as president led to governmental attempts to advance reproductive rights, principally distribution of the emergency contraceptive pill in public health care centers. This effort was unsuccessful for most of Bachelet’s term. Although in 2010 a new emergency contraception law finally allowed the public health system to distribute the “morning-after pill,” the political debate over other reproductive rights such as abortion is still dominated by conservative positions. En Chile, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos se han visto al centro de una lucha ideológica y material durante la década pasada, una lucha entre el movimiento a favor de los derechos de las mujeres—grupos de base, académicos y ONGs, se refieran o no a sí mismos como feministas—y las fuerzas conservadoras. La elección de Michelle Bachelet, una divorciada socialista y madre soltera, como presidenta en 2006 dio lugar a una serie de intentos gubernamentales por avanzar los derechos reproductivos, sobre todo a través de la distribución de píldoras anticonceptivas en los centros de salud públicos. Este proyecto tuvo muy poco éxito a lo largo del gobierno de Bachelet. Aunque en 2010 una nueva ley sobre contraceptivos de emergencia permitió que el sistema de salud pública distribuyera la “píldora del día después,” el debate político sobre los derechos reproductivos en áreas tales como el aborto aún se encuentra dominado por posturas conservadoras.
Freezing soil effects on earth-contact heat transfer
Authors: Rees Stephen William , Cleall Peter John , Li Yu-Chao , Shao Kangjie 
Published: March 2012

The inclusion of soil freezing and snow cover within the context of a building energy simulation is explored. In particular, a method of including soil freezing within the simulation of heat flow from a building to the neighbouring foundation soils is considered. Non-linear thermal conductivity and heat capacity relations are explored that account for the effect of soil freezing. In addition, the work also considers latent heat generated by phase change that occurs as the soil water temperature reduces and ice forms. A simple approach to represent the insulating effect that snow cover may have on the net heat flow at the ground surface is also provided. The approach is illustrated by application to the simulation of a full-scale ground heat transfer experiment performed by others. The results provide a first indication of the potential significance of the inclusion of ground freezing within the context of modelling heat transfer from a full-scale monitored building. Overall transient temperature variations are shown to be dependent on ice content and latent heat effects. Non-linear, ice-content dependent, thermal conductivity and heat capacity are included in the work. Good correlation between measured and simulated temperature variations has been achieved. Practical application: The principle application relates to the assessment of heat transfer from buildings through to the underlying foundation soils. In addition, the work is of direct relevance to a wider range of applications, for example, ground source heat pumps, thermo-active piles and foundations. The model lends itself to application with respect to utilisation of ground energy within the context of pavement design, particularly, in relation to the alleviation of winter ice problems. It also applies within the context of assessment of urban heat island phenomenon and heat and moisture transfer beneath freezer foundations.
Axial Load-Bearing Capacity of an Osteochondral Autograft Stabilized With a Resorbable Osteoconductive Bone Cement Compared With a Press-Fit Graft in a Bovine Model
Authors: Kiss Marc-Olivier , Levasseur Annie , Petit Yvan , Lavigne Patrick 
Published: March 2012

Background: Osteochondral autografts in mosaicplasty are inserted in a press-fit fashion, and hence, patients are kept nonweightbearing for up to 2 months after surgery to allow bone healing and prevent complications. Very little has been published regarding alternative fixation techniques of those grafts. Hypothesis: Osteochondral autografts stabilized with a resorbable osteoconductive bone cement would have a greater load-bearing capacity than standard press-fit grafts. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Biomechanical testing was conducted on 8 pairs of cadaveric bovine distal femurs. For the first 4 pairs, 6 single osteochondral autografts were inserted in a press-fit fashion on one femur. On the contralateral femur, 6 grafts were stabilized with a calcium triglyceride osteoconductive bone cement. For the 4 remaining pairs of femurs, 4 groups of 3 adjacent press-fit grafts were inserted on one femur, whereas on the contralateral femur, grafts were cemented. After a maturation period of 48 hours, axial loading was applied on all single grafts and on the middle graft of each 3-in-a-row series. Results: For the single-graft configuration, median loads required to sink the press-fit and cemented grafts by 2 and 3 mm were 281.87 N versus 345.56 N ( P = .015) and 336.29 N versus 454.08 N ( P = .018), respectively. For the 3-in-a-row configuration, median loads required to sink the press-fit and cemented grafts by 2 and 3 mm were 260.31 N versus 353.47 N ( P = .035) and 384.83 N versus 455.68 N ( P = .029), respectively. Conclusion: Fixation of osteochondral grafts using bone cement appears to improve immediate stability over the original mosaicplasty technique for both single- and multiple-graft configurations. Clinical Relevance: Achieving greater primary stability of osteochondral grafts could potentially accelerate postoperative recovery, allowing early weightbearing and physical therapy.
The FIFA 11+ Program Is Effective in Preventing Injuries in Elite Male Basketball Players
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Loppini Mattia , Berton Alessandra , Marinozzi Andrea , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: March 2012

Background: Recently, structured training programs for sports injury prevention (“The 11” and “The 11+”) have been validated in soccer. The FIFA 11+ program has not been evaluated in basketball. Hypothesis: The FIFA 11+ program is effective in reducing the rates of injury in male basketball players. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: The authors randomized 11 teams of the same club. Seven teams were allocated to the intervention group (80 players; mean [SD] age 13.5 [2.3] years), and 4 teams were allocated to the control group (41 players; mean [SD] age 15.2 [4.6] years). The authors conducted an injury surveillance program during a 9-month season. The primary outcome was any injury to the athletes. The secondary outcome was any injury to the lower extremity (foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, thigh, groin, and hip). They included an analysis of the type of exposure (match or training), injury location in the body, and type of injury (acute or overuse). Results: During the 9-month season, 23 (19%) of the 121 players included in the study sustained a total of 31 injuries (14 in the intervention group and 17 in the control group). In the intervention group, injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance, for overall injuries (0.95 vs 2.16; P = .0004), training injuries (0.14 vs 0.76; P = .007), lower extremity injuries (0.68 vs 1.4; P = .022), acute injuries (0.61 vs 1.91; P < .0001), and severe injuries (0 vs 0.51; P = .004). The intervention group also had statistically significant lower injury rates for trunk (0.07 vs 0.51; P = .013), leg (0 vs 0.38; P = .007), and hip and groin (0 vs 0.25; P = .023) compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in match injuries, knee injuries, ankle injuries, and overuse injuries between 2 groups. The most frequent acute injury diagnoses were ligament sprains (0.41 and 0.38 in the intervention and control groups, respectively; P < .006) and contractures (0.76 and 0.07 in the control and intervention groups, respectively; P < .003). Conclusion: The FIFA 11+ warm-up program is effective in reducing the rates of injuries in elite male basketball players.
Accuracy of Preoperative Biopsies Compared With Surgical Specimens in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luderer Loreley A. , Lustosa Suzana A. S. , Neto Ricardo Artigiani , Lopes Filipe T. , Matos Delcio 
Published: March 2012

Objective Since the first data from a patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma are obtained by biopsy, this study evaluated the accuracy of diagnosis by biopsy as compared with the diagnostic potential of the surgical specimen, considering the histological type, grade of differentiation, and immunohistochemical expression of p53. Methods. The specimens were obtained from 80 patients assisted at Hospital São Paulo. The biopsy and surgical specimen sections were stained by hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry and compared by 3 pathologists blinded to the evaluations. Results. The accuracy for the histological types was 88%. The grade of differentiation presented an accuracy of 70% with Kappa = .48. The expression of protein p53 exhibited an accuracy of 68% with Kappa = .22. Conclusion. The preoperative biopsy of colorectal adenocarcinoma presented good accuracy compared with histopathological examination of the surgical specimen, but with weak to moderate effective degree of agreement between the results.
The influence of inoculum composition on selected bioactive and nutritional parameters of grass pea tempeh obtained by mixed-culture fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus oryzae strains
Authors: Starzyńska-Janiszewska A , Stodolak B , Duliński R , Mickowska B 
Published: March 2012

Tempeh is a popular Indonesian product obtained from legume seeds by solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus sp. The aim of this research was to study the effect of simultaneous mixed-culture fermentation of grass pea seeds on selected parameters of products as compared to traditional tempeh. The inoculum contained different ratios of Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus oryzae spores. The simultaneous fermentation of grass pea seeds with inoculum consisting of 1.2 × 106 R. oligosporus and 0.6 × 106 A. oryzae spores (per 60 g of seeds) resulted in a product of improved quality, as compared with traditionally made tempeh (obtained after inoculation with 1.2 × 106 R. oligosporus spores), at the same fermentation time. This product had radical scavenging ability 70% higher than the one obtained with pure R. oligosporus culture and contained 2.23 g/kg dm of soluble phenols. The thiamin and riboflavin levels were above three (340 µg/g dm) and two (50.50 µg/g dm) folds higher than in traditionally made tempeh, respectively. The product had 65% in vitro bioavailability of proteins and 33% in vitro bioavailability of sugars. It also contained 40% less 3- N-oxalyl-L-2, 3-diaminopropionic acid (0.074 g/kg dm), as compared to traditional tempeh.
Perineural fat grafting in the treatment of painful end-neuromas of the upper limb: a pilot study
Authors: Vaienti L. , Merle M. , Battiston B. , Villani F. , Gazzola R. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and middle-term durability of the results achieved with perineural fat grafting of painful neuromas of the upper limb. We retrospectively analysed eight patients, affected by eight neuromas, treated by neuroma excision and fat grafting around the proximal nerve stump. Clinical parameters, the disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand score, and the visual analogue scale were recorded at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery. A reduction of 23.2% was observed in the mean disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand scores at 12 months. The spontaneous baseline visual analogue scale score showed a mean improvement of 22% at 12 months, although not this was not statistically significant. Perineural fat grafting is a quick and useful procedure and could represent a useful primary operation in the treatment of pain syndromes of neuropatic origin.
Amantadine for olanzapine-induced weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Praharaj Samir Kumar , Sharma Podila Satya Venkata Narasimha 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of amantadine for the treatment of olanzapine-induced weight gain. Methods: Studies were identified using online searches of PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane database (CENTRAL), along with websites recording trial information such as ClinicalTrials.gov, Controlled-trials.com, and Clinicalstudyresults.org. Study eligibility criteria included randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing amantadine with placebo for olanzapine-induced weight gain with body weight as an outcome measure and study duration of at least 12 weeks. The methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the Jadad Scale. Separate meta-analyses were undertaken for each outcome (body weight and frequency of weight loss >7%) and treatment effects were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. Results: A systematic review of literature revealed six studies that had assessed amantadine for olanzapine-induced weight gain. Of these, two studies ( n = 144) met the review inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis was performed to see the effect size of the treatment on body weight and frequency of body weight loss >7%. For body weight change, WMD was −1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] −3.31 to −0.39) kg with amantadine as compared with placebo; the overall effect was statistically significant ( p = 0.01). For frequency of body weight loss >7%, Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio for weight loss was 3.72 (95% CI 1.19–11.62), favoring amantadine as compared with placebo, and the overall effect was significant ( p = 0.02). Conclusions: Existing data is limited to two studies, which support the efficacy of amantadine for olanzapine-induced weight gain and a significant proportion of patients might lose weight with amantadine compared with placebo.
Phylogenetic comparison of exonic US4, US7 and UL44 regions of clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates showed lack of association between their anatomic sites of infection and genotypic/sub genotypic classification
Authors: Harishankar Anusha , Jambulingam Malathi , Gowrishankar Raajaram , Venkatachalam Annapoorni , Vetrivel Umashankar , Ravichandran Sathyabaarathi , Yesupadam Samson Moses , Madhavan Hajib Narahari Rao 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
HSV-1 genome is a mosaic of recombinants. Clinical Herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV1) isolates were already genotyped as A, B and C types based on nucleotide variations at Unique Short (US) 4 (gG) and US 7 (gI) regions through phylogeny. Analysis of Glycoprotein C (gC) exon present on the Unique Long (UL) region had also revealed the existence of different genotypes. Glycoprotein C is mainly involved in initial viral attachment to heparan sulphate on host cell surface facilitating the virus's binding and penetration into cell. As the amount of heparan sulphate on the host cell surface varies according to the cell type, it is plausible that different genotypes bind differentially to cell types. Hence, this study was framed to determine the existence of novel genotypes/sub genotypes in the US or UL regions which could associate with clinical entities.

Results
All the twenty five isolates analyzed in this study were of genotype A as per their gG gene sequences. In case of gI gene, 16 out of 25 were found to be type A and the remaining nine were type B putative intergenic recombinants. Intragenic recombinations were also encountered in both the US genes, with gG possessing novel subgenotypes, arbitrarily designated A1 and A2. The 9 type B isolates of gI genes also branched out into 2 clades due to genetic variations. Glycoprotein C of UL region had two distinct genotypic clades α and β, whose topological distribution was significantly different from that of the US region. Neither the US nor UL regions, however, showed any preference among the genotypes to a specific anatomic site of infection. Even the non synonymous variations identified in the functional domain of gC, were not confined to a particular genotype/clinical entity.

Conclusion
The analyses of the US and UL regions of the HSV-1 genome showed the existence of variegated genotypes in these two regions. In contrary to the documented literature, in which Asian strains were concluded as more conserved than European ones, our study showed the existence of a higher degree of variability among Indian strains. However, the identified novel genotypes and subgenotypes were not found associated with clinical entities.
Inclusion of a specific T cell epitope increases the protection conferred against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs by a linear peptide containing an immunodominant B cell site
Authors: Cubillos Carolina , de la Torre Beatriz G , Bárcena Juan , Andreu David , Sobrino Francisco , Blanco Esther 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD control in endemic regions is implemented using chemically inactivated whole-virus vaccines. Currently, efforts are directed to the development of safe and marked vaccines. We have previously reported solid protection against FMDV conferred by branched structures (dendrimeric peptides) harbouring virus-specific B and T-cell epitopes. In order to gain insights into the factors determining a protective immune response against FMDV, in this report we sought to dissect the immunogenicity conferred by different peptide-based immunogens. Thus, we have assessed the immune response and protection elicited in pigs by linear peptides harbouring the same FMDV B-cell or B and T-cell epitopes (B and TB peptides, respectively).

Results
Pigs were twice immunized with either the B-cell epitope (site A) peptide or with TB, a peptide where the B-cell epitope was in tandem with the T-cell epitope [3A (21-35)]. Both, B and TB peptides were able to induce specific humoral (including neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immune responses against FMDV, but did not afford full protection in pigs. The data obtained showed that the T-cell epitope used is capable to induce efficient T-cell priming that contributes to improve the protection against FMDV. However, the IgA titres and IFNγ release elicited by these linear peptides were lower than those detected previously with the dendrimeric peptides.

Conclusions
We conclude that the incorporation of a FMDV specific T-cell epitope in the peptide formulation allows a significant reduction in virus excretion and clinical score after challenge. However, the linear TB peptide did not afford full protection in challenged pigs, as that previously reported using the dendrimeric construction indicating that, besides the inclusion of an adecuate T-cell epitope in the formulation, an efficient presentation of the B-cell epitope is crucial to elicit full protection by peptide vaccines.
Evolution of African cassava mosaic virus by recombination between bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses
Authors: Tiendrébéogo Fidèle , Lefeuvre Pierre , Hoareau Murielle , Harimalala Mireille A , De Bruyn Alexandre , Villemot Julie , Traoré Valentin SE , Konaté Gnissa , Traoré Alfred S , Barro Nicolas , Reynaud Bernard , Traoré Oumar , Lett Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a major constraint on cassava cultivation in Africa. The disease is endemic and is caused by seven distinct cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs), some of them including several variants.

Findings
From cassava leaf samples presenting CMD symptoms collected in Burkina Faso, four DNA-A begomovirus components were cloned and sequenced, showing 99.9% nucleotide identity among them. These isolates are most closely related to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) but share less than 89% nucleotide identity (taxonomic threshold) with any previously described begomovirus. A DNA-B genomic component, sharing 93% nucleotide identity with DNA-B of ACMV, was also characterized. Since all genomic components have a typical genome organization of Old World bipartite begomoviruses, this new species was provisionally named African cassava mosaic Burkina Faso virus (ACMBFV). Recombination analysis of the new virus demonstrated an interspecies recombinant origin, with major parents related to West African isolates of ACMV, and minor parents related to Tomato leaf curl Cameroon virus and Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus.

Conclusion
This is the first report of an ACMV-like recombinant begomovirus arisen by interspecific recombination between bipartite and monopartite African begomoviruses.