bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the magnetic subsystem on the heat transport in CsMnCl3 · 2H2O
Authors: Tkáč V. , Tibenská K. , Orendáčová A. , Orendáč M. , Šebek J. , Sechovský V. , Anders A. G. , Pavlík V. , Feher A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of CsMnCl3 · 2H2O (CMC) – a quasi‐one‐dimensional antiferromagnet with spin 5/2 has been studied in the temperature range from 2 to 25 K in zero magnetic field. The analysis of the data performed within Debye model revealed the combined effect of the single‐ion and volume magnetostriction in the vicinity of a phase transition. Thermal‐conductivity calculations based on the model and corresponding experimental studies showed that the poor sample quality and small dimensions can suppress the manifestation of a spin–phonon coupling present in CMC.
Motivation, rationale and key results from the GERBILS Saharan dust measurement campaign
Authors: Haywood J. M. , Johnson B. T. , Osborne S. R. , Baran A. J. , Brooks M. , Milton S. F. , Mulcahy J. , Walters D. , Allan R. P. , Klaver A. , Formenti P. , Brindley H. E. , Christopher S. , Gupta P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparison of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) was an observational field experiment over North Africa during June 2007. The campaign involved 10 flights by the FAAM BAe‐146 research aircraft over southwestern parts of the Sahara Desert and coastal stretches of the Atlantic Ocean. Objectives of the GERBILS campaign included characterisation of mineral dust geographic distribution and physical and optical properties, assessment of the impact upon radiation, validation of satellite remote sensing retrievals, and validation of numerical weather prediction model forecasts of aerosol optical depths (AODs) and size distributions. We provide the motivation behind GERBILS and the experimental design and report the progress made in each of the objectives. We show that mineral dust in the region is relatively non‐absorbing (mean single scattering albedo at 550 nm of 0.97) owing to the relatively small fraction of iron oxides present (1–3%), and that detailed spectral radiances are most accurately modelled using irregularly shaped particles. Satellite retrievals over bright desert surfaces are challenging owing to the lack of spectral contrast between the dust and the underlying surface. However, new techniques have been developed which are shown to be in relatively good agreement with AERONET estimates of AOD and with each other. This encouraging result enables relatively robust validation of numerical models which treat the production, transport, and deposition of mineral dust. The dust models themselves are able to represent large‐scale synoptically driven dust events to a reasonable degree, but some deficiencies remain both in the Sahara and over the Sahelian region, where cold pool outflow from convective cells associated with the intertropical convergence zone can lead to significant dust production. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Entry into platform‐based markets
Authors: Zhu Feng , Iansiti Marco 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the relative importance of platform quality, indirect network effects, and consumer expectations on the success of entrants in platform‐based markets. We develop a theoretical model and find that an entrant's success depends on the strength of indirect network effects and on the consumers' discount factor for future applications. We then illustrate the model's applicability by examining Xbox's entry into the video game industry. We find that Xbox had a small quality advantage over the incumbent, PlayStation 2, and the strength of indirect network effects and the consumers' discount factor, while statistically significant, fall in the region where PlayStation 2's position is unsustainable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who leaves, where to, and why worry? employee mobility, entrepreneurship and effects on source firm performance
Authors: Campbell Benjamin A. , Ganco Martin , Franco April M. , Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe theorize that the value provided by the firm's complementary assets has important implications for the exit decisions of employees and their subsequent effects on the firm's performance. Using linked employee‐employer data from the U.S. Census Bureau on legal services, we find that employees with higher earnings are less likely to leave relative to employees with lower earnings, but if they do, are more likely to create a new venture than join another firm. Employee entrepreneurship has a larger adverse impact on source firm performance than moves to established firms, even controlling for observable employee quality. Our findings suggest that in knowledge intensive settings, managers should focus on tailoring compensation packages to help minimize the adverse impact of employee entrepreneurship, particularly among high performing individuals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of feeding enrichment methods on the behavior of captive Western lowland gorillas
Authors: Ryan Erin B. , Proudfoot Kathryn L. , Fraser David 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree feeding enrichment treatments were tested in an outdoor yard used by six Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). In “Yard‐toss,” forage was thrown by hand over one third of the yard. In “Set‐up,” forage and browse were hand‐scattered throughout the yard. “Set‐up Enriched” was similar with the addition of either a hay‐ and forage‐filled feeder or forage‐filled boomer ball(s) suspended from a climbing structure. Each treatment was presented on 5 d. Behavior was recorded for 30 min before (baseline) and 30 min after the start of each treatment. All treatments led to more foraging and less inactivity compared with baseline (P80.05), but Yard‐toss was the least effective, likely because resources were clumped and monopolized by dominant animals. In Set‐up Enriched, dominant animals had the greatest increase in foraging (P=0.03), partly because they generally monopolized the suspended items, but this allowed others to forage at ground level. This separation of the animals likely explains why Set‐Up Enriched led to more foraging than all other treatments (P80.05). Findings show that for these hierarchical animals, enrichment resources are most effective when distributed widely, including vertically, and that enrichment strategies must take social structure into account. Zoo Biol 31: 235–241, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk Factors Influencing Postoperative Outcomes of Major Hepatic Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Patients with Underlying Liver Diseases
Authors: Yang Tian , Zhang Jin , Lu Jun‐Hua , Yang Guang‐Shun , Wu Meng‐Chao , Yu Wei‐Feng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundMajor hepatic resection of more than three segments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high‐risk operation, especially in patients with co‐existing underlying liver diseases. The present study evaluated risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality after major hepatic resection in HCC patients with underlying liver diseases.MethodsPerioperative data of 305 HCC patients with underlying liver diseases who underwent major hepatic resection were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality.ResultsThe overall morbidity rate was 37.0% (n = 113), caused by pleural effusion (n = 56), ascites (n = 43), subphrenic effusion/infection (n = 23), hepatic dysfunction (n = 22), bile leakage (n = 10), respiratory infection (n = 7), incision infection (n = 7), intra‐abdominal hemorrhage (n = 5), and others. The hospital mortality rate was 2.6% (n = 8), primarily caused by liver failure (4/8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative platelet count <100 × 109/l (P = 0.006), and increased intraoperative blood loss (≥800 ml) (P = 0.008) were independent risk factors of postoperative morbidity, and that preoperative prothrombin time >14 s (P = 0.015) and preoperative platelet count <100 × 109/l (P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for significant hospital mortality.ConclusionsCareful preoperative selection of patients in terms of the Child‐Pugh classification and decrease of intraoperative blood loss are important measures to reduce postoperative morbidity after major hepatic resection in HCC patients with underlying liver diseases. Moreover, we should be aware that preoperative platelet count is independently associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality for those patients following major hepatic resection.
The Effects of Morphine–Neostigmine and Secretin Provocation on Pancreaticobiliary Morphology in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double‐blind Crossover Study Using Serial MRCP
Authors: Chowdhury Abeed H. , Humes David J. , Pritchard Susan E. , Marciani Luca , Gowland Penny A. , Simpson John , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundSecretin‐stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is used for the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), but it does not correlate well with sphincter of Oddi manometry. Serial MRCP following morphine–neostigmine provocation may be of value in the assessment of SOD, but the effects of these pharmacological agents on pancreaticobiliary morphology in healthy subjects have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to use serial MRCP to charactertize the effects of morphine–neostigmine and secretin provocation on serum pancreatic enzyme responses and pancreaticobiliary ductal morphology in healthy subjects.MethodsFollowing a baseline scan and serum lipase and amylase assays, 10 healthy subjects were randomized in a double‐blind manner to receive morphine (10 mg intramuscularly [IM]), neostigmine (1 mg IM) and saline (intravenously [IV]); OR saline (IM), saline (IM) and secretin (1 U/kg IV). A MRCP study was performed at 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min thereafter, with blood samples taken every 60 min for 4 h. Pancreatic duct (PD) diameter, visible PD length, common bile duct (CBD) diameter, and gallbladder volume were recorded. Crossover studies were performed 10 days later.ResultsSerum pancreatic enzyme concentrations were significantly greater (amylase, P = 0.003; lipase, P = 0.04) after morphine–neostigmine than after secretin. Following morphine–neostigmine and secretin provocation, the mean (SEM) percentage increase in PD diameter was 28.7 (7.2) versus 12.9 (3.3); P < 0.0001, and visible PD length was 49.4 (11.5) versus 28.1 (8.2); P < 0.0001, respectively.ConclusionsThe effects of morphine–neostigmine were more pronounced than those of secretin in healthy subjects. The diagnostic utility of morphine–neostigmine stimulated serial MRCP for SOD merits further evaluation.
Differences Between African American and White Research Volunteers in Their Attitudes, Beliefs and Knowledge Regarding Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Akinleye Ibidapo , Roberts J. Scott , Royal Charmaine D. M. , Linnenbringer Erin , Obisesan Thomas O. , Fasaye Grace‐Ann , Green Robert C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGenetic susceptibility testing for common diseases is expanding, but little is known about race group differences in test perceptions. The purpose of this study was to examine differences between African Americans and Whites in knowledge, attitudes, and motivations regarding genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Before enrolling in an AD genetic testing research trial, 313 first‐degree relatives of AD patients (20% African American; 71% female; mean age = 58 years) were surveyed regarding: (1) knowledge about genetics and AD risk; (2) concerns about developing AD; and (3) reasons for seeking testing. In comparison to Whites, African Americans were less knowledgeable about genetics and AD risk (p < .01) and less concerned about developing AD (p < .05), with lower levels of perceived disease risk (p = .04). The results suggest that African Americans and Whites differ notably in their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding genetic testing for AD. Additional research with more representative samples is needed to better understand these differences.
Coblation-assisted endonasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Ye L , Zhou X , Li J , Jin J 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma may be successfully resected using endoscopic techniques. However, the use of coblation technology for such resection has not been described. This study aimed to document cases of Fisch class I juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with limited nasopharyngeal and nasal cavity extension, which were completely resected using an endoscopic coblation technique.Methods:We retrospectively studied 23 patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who underwent resection with either traditional endoscopic instruments (n = 12) or coblation (n = 11). Intra-operative blood loss and overall operative time were recorded.Results:The mean tumour resection time for coblation and traditional endoscopic instruments was 87 and 136 minutes, respectively (t = 9.962, p < 0.001). Mean intra-operative blood loss was 121 and 420 ml, respectively (t = 28.944, p < 0.001), a significant difference. Both techniques achieved complete tumour resection with minimal damage to adjacent tissues, and no recurrence in any patient.Conclusion:Coblation successfully achieves transnasal endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (Fisch class I), with good surgical margins and minimal blood loss.
Interference in the production of Italian subject and object wh-questions
Authors: GUASTI MARIA TERESA , BRANCHINI CHIARA , AROSIO FABRIZIO 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigate the production of subject and object who- and which-questions in the Italian of 4- to 5-year-olds and report a subject/object asymmetry observed in other studies. We argue that this asymmetry stems from interference of the object copy in the AGREE relation between AgrS and the subject in the Spec of the verb phrase. We show that different avoidance strategies are attempted by the child to get around this interference, all boiling down to a double checking of agreement: AGREE and Spec-Head. Then, we evaluate our approach from a cross-linguistic perspective and offer an account of the differences observed across early languages. Because our account seems to call both for a grammatical and a processing explanation, we end with a critical discussion of this dichotomy.
Comparative efficacy of sildenafil in Eisenmenger's syndrome secondary to atrial septal defect versus ventricular septal defect: a cardiac catheterisation follow-up study
Authors: Garg Naveen , Tripathy Nishant , Sinha Nakul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluates the efficacy and safety of sildenafil in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with special emphasis on haemodynamic parameters and its comparative efficacy in atrial septal defect versus ventricular septal defect patients.MethodsOral sildenafil was given to 22 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome – eight with atrial septal defect and 14 with ventricular septal defect – after detailed baseline evaluation including a six-minute walk test, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterisation. Patients were followed up for a period of 6 months for functional class assessment and six-minute walk distance. Cardiac catheterisation was repeated in all patients.ResultsA significant improvement in the World Health Organization functional class, six-minute walk distance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance was noticed. Systemic arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturations were also significantly improved along with improvement in pulmonary blood flow. None showed any significant side effects or worsening of systemic arterial saturation. At baseline, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary/systemic vascular resistance ratios were significantly higher in ventricular septal defect patients than in atrial septal defect patients. Atrial septal defect patients showed better response in clinical as well as haemodynamic parameters.ConclusionsSildenafil is an effective and safe agent for patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. It improves their functional capacity as well as haemodynamic parameters. The beneficial effects are greater in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome secondary to atrial septal defect than ventricular septal defect.
Congenital giant aneurysm of the left atrial appendage in an infant
Authors: Bhattarai Anil , Padalino Massimo A. , Stellin Giovanni 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAneurysm of the left atrial appendage is a rare pathological condition. We describe the diagnostic work-up and surgical management of a child with giant congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage.
High Kicks and Inner Peace: Knowledge Ninjas at the Legal Ombudsman
Authors: Meyer Sara 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSara Meyer, the newly appointed Knowledge Manager at the Legal Ombudsman in Birmingham, describes how they are beginning to set up KM systems to deal with a completely new jurisdiction relating to the hearing of complaints against solicitors. This follows the introduction of reforms contained in the Legal Services Act 2007, which mean that all complaints are now heard by this one organisation.
Sun-driven microbial synthesis of chemicals in space
Authors: Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A. , Howard Russell J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLong space flights and planetary settlement will require sources of nutrition and chemicals that must be generated in space. This will include not only amino acids and vitamins but also oxygen, all of which can be generated by means of biosynthesis. Synthetic biology has the potential to generate organisms designed for supplying human nutritional needs in space. Photosynthetic microbes may be ideal for this purpose, as they are more efficient per volume cultivated than green plants at conversion of light to chemical energy, biomass and nutritional molecules. In addition, microbes are easier and faster to genetically engineer, facilitating not only design and terrestrial manufacture of organisms optimized for growth and nutrient production in the artificial conditions of space, but superior ability in space to develop organisms suited to newly discovered environments. The rapid ability to adapt and create new microbes to suit new circumstances when in space offers significant potential for risk reduction. Development of sun-driven microbial production of nutritional chemicals would also have terrestrial benefits in commerce and sustainability. A synthetic biology approach to chemical production would not be based on fossil fuels as such fuels do not exist on other planets. This approach would highlight a synergistic relationship between outer space and ‘spaceship earth’, illustrating NASA's role in stimulating technology development with terrestrial application. Two specific approaches deserve consideration: production by traditional photosynthetic microbes, or by the newly appreciated capacity of some bacteria to absorb electric current (e.g. solar panels) to drive metabolism. Palatability and sensory stimulation are a key part of food consumption and could be engineered into microbes. As a first step, NASA should test a bioreactor in which genetically engineered, nutrient-producing photosynthetic bacteria are grown and harvested in space.
The magnetized universe: its origin and dissipation through acceleration and leakage to the voids
Authors: Colgate Stirling A. , Li Hui , Kronberg Philipp P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe consistency is awesome between over a dozen observations and the paradigm of radio lobes being immense sources of magnetic energy, flux, and relativistic electrons, – a magnetized universe.The greater the total energy of an astrophysical phenomenon, the more restricted are the possible explanations. Magnetic energy is the most challenging because its origin is still considered problematic. We suggest that it is evident that the universe is magnetized because of radio lobes, ultra relativistic electrons, Faraday rotation measures, the polarized emission of extra galactic radio structures, the x-rays from relativistic electrons Comptonized on the CMB, and possibly extra galactic cosmic rays. The implied energies are so large that only the formation of supermassive black hole, (SMBH) at the center of every galaxy is remotely energetic enough to supply this immense energy, ~(1/10) 108M⊙c2 per galaxy. Only a galaxy cluster of 1000 galaxies has comparable energy, but it is inversely, (to the number of galaxies), rare per galaxy. Yet this energy appears to be shared between magnetic fields and accelerated relativistic particles, both electrons and ions. Only a large-scale coherent dynamo generating poloidal flux within the accretion disk forming the massive black hole makes a reasonable starting point. The subsequent winding of this dynamo-derived magnetic flux by conducting, angular momentum-dominated accreting matter, (~1011 turns near the event horizon in 108 years) produces the immense, coherent magnetic jets or total flux of radio lobes and similarly in star formation. By extending this same physics to supernova-neutron star formation, we predict that similar differential winding of the flux that couples explosion ejecta and a newly formed, rapidly rotating neutron star will produce similar phenomena of a magnetic jet and lobes in the forming supernova nebula. In all cases the conversion of force-free magnetic energy into accelerated ions and electrons is a major challenge.
Laboratory-generated Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Watts Christopher , Zhang Yue , Lynn Alan , Manchester Ward , Arge C. Nick 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe have begun a series of laboratory experiments focused on understanding how coronal mass ejections (CME) interact and evolve in the solar wind. The experiments make use of the Helicon-Cathode (HelCat) plasma facility, and the Plasma Bubble eXperiment (PBeX). PBeX can generate CME-like structures (sphereomak geometry) that propagate into the high-density, magnetized background plasma of the HelCat device. The goal of the current research is to compare CME evolution under conditions where there is sheared flow in the background plasma, versus without flow; observations suggest that CME evolution is strongly influenced by such sheared flow regions. Results of these studies will be used to validate numerical simulations of CME evolution, in particular the 3D BATS-R-US MHD code of the University of Michigan. Initial studies have characterized the plasma bubble as it evolves into the background field with and without plasma (no shear).