bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemische Interaktionen in Marinen Biofilmen. Kampf, Kommunikation, Kooperation
Authors: Matz Carsten 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMarine Mikroorganismen sind als vielseitige Produzenten von Sekundärmetaboliten bekannt. Auch wenn das Meer tausende von bioaktiven Metaboliten in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hervorgebracht hat, so stehen wir erst am Anfang, die natürlichen Funktionen dieser Moleküle zu erforschen. Viele Mikroorganismen kommen in der Umwelt als mehrzellige Lebensgemeinschaften, so genannten Biofilmen, vor. Dabei stellt die chemische Kommunikation einen wichtigen Mechanismus dar, wie Biofilmpopulationen ihre Verhaltensweisen koordinieren und auf Umweltveränderungen reagieren. Aktuelle Untersuchungen bringen ein komplexes Netz biochemischer Wechselbeziehungen ans Licht, über das mikrobielle Symbiosen, Konkurrenz und Verteidigung gegenüber Fraßfeinden und Parasiten vermittelt wird. Das Verstehen der molekularen Grundlagen von Biofilminteraktionen in ihrem ökologischen Kontext birgt das Potential, die Suche nach wirkspezifischen Naturstoffen und die Entwicklung von Biofilm‐basierter Biotechnologien zu verfeinern.
Der “Chemie‐Baukasten” der Hochschule Fresenius
Authors: Gros Leo , Horz Maren , Wagener Reinhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFür Chemie‐Interessierte, die auf die bewährten Merkmale eines Fachhochschul‐Studiengangs auch im Bachelor‐Studium nicht verzichten wollen, bietet die Hochschule Fresenius als derzeit einzige Hochschule in Deutschland einen 8‐semestrigen Chemie‐Bachelorstudiengang mit integriertem Auslands‐ und Praxissemester an. Darauf baut der zweisemestrige Master‐Studiengang Bio‐ and Pharmaceutical Analysis auf. Wer sich neben der Chemie auch für Management und Marketing interessiert, kann stattdessen den 6‐semestrigen Bachelorstudiengang Wirtschaftschemie wählen. Bis zum 4. Semester lernen die Studierenden gemeinsam und entscheiden sich dann für einen der beiden Bachelor‐Studiengänge.
Die Struktur der DNA – Modell‐Projekt II
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWie die DNA in etwa aussieht, kennt praktisch jeder von Abbildungen. Allerdings zeigen erst dreidimensionale Modelle die eindrucksvolle Schönheit und Vollkommenheit des Moleküls. Leider sind solche Modelle teuer. In zwei Artikeln (Biol. unserer Zeit, 2008, 38, 150 sowie Chem. unserer Zeit 2008, 42, 293) wurde ein Modell vorgeschlagen, das sich sehr kostengünstig herstellen lässt. Nun wächst die Modell‐Familie: Für Unterrichtszwecke lassen sich nach neuem Konzept auch deutlich größere, ebenfalls kostengünstige Modelle bauen.
Frank Model and Spontaneous Emergence of Chirality in Closed Systems
Authors: Crusats Joaquim , Hochberg David , Moyano Albert , Ribó Josep M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a closed system an irreversible enantioselective autocatalysis coupled to a mutual inhibition reaction, corresponding to a fast and low exergonic formation of the heterochiral dimer which reverts to the monomers in the final reaction work‐up, yields absolute asymmetric synthesis even in the absence of chiral polarizations. This is due to the very high chiral amplifications of the initial small statistical deviations from the ideal racemic composition. Moreover, this system is sensitive to very small chiral polarizations (energy differences between transition states below the mJ mol−1 range). This behaviour can also be observed in reversible exergonic reactions, because the racemization time scale is substantially longer than that of the transformation of the initial reagents. The effect of the presence of other reactions likely to occur (i.e. non‐catalytic transformations, non‐enantioselective catalysis and homodimer formation) is discussed. Even if these decrease the sensitivity of the network in several chemical scenarios, the emergence of kinetically controlled spontaneous symmetry breaking is not hindered. These features, together with the response of the system to a sequential reaction procedure, suggest that a similar type of network is at the heart of the Soai reaction.
The Dynamic Side of the Hofmeister Effect: A Single‐Molecule Nanopore Study of Specific Complex Formation
Authors: Gurnev Philip A. , Harries Daniel , Parsegian V. Adrian , Bezrukov Sergey M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBeyond measurements of equilibria: An α‐hemolysin nanopore is used as a single‐molecule sensor to follow the effects of different salts on the complexation reaction of γ‐cyclodextrin and adamantane carboxylate (see picture). The kinetics underlying the dynamic equilibrium are studied to reveal qualitatively different dynamic actions of various cosolute salts.magnified image
Role of p21‐activated kinase in cell polarity and directional mesendoderm migration in the Xenopus gastrula
Authors: Nagel Martina , Luu Olivia , Bisson Nicolas , Macanovic Bojan , Moss Tom , Winklbauer Rudolf 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe p21 activated kinases (Paks) are prominently involved in the regulation of cell motility. Using a kinase‐dead mutant of xPak1, we show that during Xenopus gastrulation, the kinase activity of Pak1 is required upstream of Cdc42 for the establishment of cell polarity in the migrating mesendoderm. Overactivation of Pak1 function by the expression of constitutively active xPak1 compromises the maintenance of cell polarity, by indirectly inhibiting RhoA function. Inhibition of cell polarization does not affect the migration of single mesendoderm cells. However, Pak1 inhibition interferes with the guidance of mesendoderm migration by directional cues residing in the extracellular matrix of the blastocoel roof, and with mesendoderm translocation in the embryo. Developmental Dynamics 238:1709–1726, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depigmentation of skin and hair color in the somatic cell cloned pig
Authors: Hwang Kyu‐Chan , Cho Seong‐Keun , Lee Seong‐Hoon , Park Jong‐Yi , Kwon Deug‐Nam , Choi Yun‐Jung , Park Chankyu , Kim Jae‐Hwan , Park Keun‐Kyu , Hwang Seongsoo , Park Soo‐Bong , Kim Jin‐Hoi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPreviously, we have successfully produced nine cloned piglets using Duroc donor cells. Among these clones, one showed distinct depigmentation of the skin and hair color during puberty. In this study, we selected a clone with depigmentation to investigate the etiology of the anomaly in somatic cell nuclear transfer. We hypothesized that genes related to Waardenburg syndrome (Mitf, Pax‐3, Sox‐10, Slug, and Kit) are closely associated with the depigmentation of pig, which was derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT). Total RNA was extracted from the ear tissue of affected and unaffected scNT‐derived pigs, and the transcripts encoding Mitf, Pax‐3, Sox‐10, and Slug, together with the Kit gene, were amplified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed. The cDNA sequences from the scNT pig that showed progressive depigmentation did not reveal a mutation in these genes. Although we did not find any mutations in these genes, expression of the genes implicated in Waardenburg syndrome was severely down‐regulated in the affected scNT pig when compared with unaffected scNT pigs. This down‐regulation of gene expression may result in a previously undescribed phenotype that shows melanocyte instability, leading to progressive loss of pigmentation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1701–1708, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide expression profiling in the Drosophila eye reveals unexpected repression of notch signaling by the JAK/STAT pathway
Authors: Flaherty Maria Sol , Zavadil Jiri , Ekas Laura A. , Bach Erika A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough the JAK/STAT pathway regulates numerous processes in vertebrates and invertebrates through modulating transcription, its functionally relevant transcriptional targets remain largely unknown. With one jak and one stat (stat92E), Drosophila provides a powerful system for finding new JAK/STAT target genes. Genome‐wide expression profiling on eye discs in which Stat92E is hyperactivated, revealed 584 differentially regulated genes, including known targets domeless, socs36E, and wingless. Other differentially regulated genes (chinmo, lama, Mo25, Imp‐L2, Serrate, Delta) were validated and may represent new Stat92E targets. Genetic experiments revealed that Stat92E cell‐autonomously represses Serrate, which encodes a Notch ligand. Loss of Stat92E led to de‐repression of Serrate in the dorsal eye, resulting in ectopic Notch signaling and aberrant eye growth there. Thus, our micro‐array documents a new Stat92E target gene and a previously unidentified inhibitory action of Stat92E on Notch signaling. These data suggest that this study will be a useful resource for the identification of additional Stat92E targets. Developmental Dynamics 238:2235–2253, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of work limitation and work in Australia
Authors: Oguzoglu Umut 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of self‐reported work limitations on the labour force participation of the Australian working age population. Five consecutive waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey are used to investigate this relationship. A two‐equation dynamic panel data model demonstrates that persistence and unobserved heterogeneity play an important role in work limitation reporting and its effect on labour force participation. Unobserved factors that jointly drive work limitation and participation are also shown to be crucial, especially for women. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Think twice before you book? Modelling the choice of public vs private dentist in a choice experiment
Authors: Kiiskinen Urpo , Suominen‐Taipale Anna Liisa , Cairns John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study concerns the choice of primary dental service provider by consumers. If the health service delivery system allows individuals to choose between public‐care providers or if complementary private services are available, it is typically assumed that utilisation is a three‐stage decision process. The patient first makes a decision to seek care, and then chooses the service provider. The final stage, involving decisions over the amount and form of treatment, is not considered here. The paper reports a discrete choice experiment (DCE) designed to evaluate attributes affecting individuals' choice of dental‐care provider. The feasibility of the DCE approach in modelling consumers' choice in the context of non‐acute need for dental care is assessed. The aim is to test whether a separate two‐stage logit, a multinomial logit, or a nested logit best fits the choice process of consumers. A nested logit model of indirect utility functions is estimated and inclusive value (IV) constraints are tested for modelling implications. The results show that non‐trading behaviour has an impact on the choice of appropriate modelling technique, but is to some extent dependent on the choice of scenarios offered. It is concluded that for traders multinomial logit is appropriate, whereas for non‐traders and on average the nested logit is the method supported by the analyses. The consistent finding in all subgroup analyses is that the traditional two‐stage decision process is found to be implausible in the context of consumer's choice of dental‐care provider. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child's behaviour in mother–child interaction predicts later emotional and behavioural problems
Authors: Mäntymaa Mirjami , Puura Kaija , Luoma Ilona , Vihtonen Vilja , Salmelin Raili K. , Tamminen Tuula 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aims were to examine the association of maternal or child interactive behaviour with emotional and behavioural problems of the child simultaneously and 3 years later, and to assess whether there is continuity in children's emotional and behavioural symptoms from 2 to 5 years. Sixty‐five 2‐year‐old children with their mothers were videotaped during a feeding situation. Their mothers completed the CBCL at 2 years and when the children were 5. Simultaneously, there were no strong correlations between child's emotional and behavioural problems and maternal or child interactive behaviour. Subsequently, mothers' higher sensitivity and more optimal structuring, as well as child's higher involvement of the mother, were associated with lower levels of child externalizing and total problem scores. Also, less responsive children showed more externalizing symptoms 3 years later. There was continuity of emotional and behavioural problems from 2 to 5 years. Problems in mother–child interaction may predict behavioural problems in the child subsequently. Besides maternal behaviour, it is important to consider the interactive behaviour of the child. Children who are less responsive and who show less involvement of the mother are more likely to subsequently present more externalizing symptoms, and these children should be recognized and treated early. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When should evidence be disclosed in an interview with a suspect? An experiment with mock‐suspects
Authors: Sellers Steven , Kebbell Mark R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe question of whether to disclose evidence to a suspect early on, or later, in an interview is often of critical importance for police officers' interviewing strategies. To shed light on this issue, an experiment was conducted in which 95 participants each committed a mock‐theft as a hidden ‘witness’ observed them. A statement from the witness was presented to them during a subsequent interview in which they were ‘suspects’. The time at which this evidence was disclosed to participants, and the evidence strength, was manipulated. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of four conditions; Early Weak, Early Strong, Late Weak, or Late Strong. Both late evidence disclosure, and strong evidence, produced higher confession rates than did early disclosure or weak evidence, and late disclosure of weak evidence resulted in the withdrawal of most of the confessions which had previously been made. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphopeptide fragmentation and analysis by mass spectrometry
Authors: Boersema Paul J. , Mohammed Shabaz , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractReversible phosphorylation is a key event in many biological processes and is therefore a much studied phenomenon. The mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of phosphorylation is challenged by the substoichiometric levels of phosphorylation and the lability of the phosphate group in collision‐induced dissociation (CID). Here, we review the fragmentation behaviour of phosphorylated peptides in MS and discuss several MS approaches that have been developed to improve and facilitate the analysis of phosphorylated peptides. CID of phosphopeptides typically results in spectra dominated by a neutral loss of the phosphate group. Several proposed mechanisms for this neutral loss and several factors affecting the extent at which this occurs are discussed. Approaches are described to interpret such neutral loss‐dominated spectra to identify the phosphopeptide and localize the phosphorylation site. Methods using additional activation, such as MS3 and multistage activation (MSA), have been designed to generate more sequence‐informative fragments from the ion produced by the neutral loss. The characteristics and benefits of these methods are reviewed together with approaches using phosphopeptide derivatization or specific MS scan modes. Additionally, electron‐driven dissociation methods by electron capture dissociation (ECD) or electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and their application in phosphopeptide analysis are evaluated. Finally, these techniques are put into perspective for their use in large‐scale phosphoproteomics studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of rice bran lipase by azadirachtin from Azadirachta indica
Authors: Gangadhara  , Ramesh Kumar Parigi , Prakash Vishweshwaraiah 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemical constituents of the neem tree are extensively explored; the major component present in the tree is azadirachtin. Azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid, is remarkable for its chemical complexity and for its biological activity. This study, for the first time, has provided information on the interaction and inhibition of rice bran lipase (RBL) by azadirachtin. RBL, an esterase, is a versatile enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages, primarily in neutral lipids such as triglycerides.RESULTS: The catalytic activity of RBL in the presence of azadirachtin has been investigated. There was a decrease in enzyme activity relative to the control at all concentrations tested. At 1 mmol L−1 concentration of azadirachtin the enzyme loses 84% of its activity. The kinetics of inhibition of RBL by azadirachtin are competitive in nature. From analysis of the kinetic data the inhibition constant Ki is found to be 0.14 mmol. Fluorescence measurements showed a gradual decrease in emission intensity; a red shift in emission maximum may be attributed to perturbation of the aromatic residues. Far‐ultraviolet circular dichroism results showed minor conformational changes.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that azadirachtin specifically inhibits and binds to RBL in bringing about inhibition with minor structural alteration. This inactivation of RBL by azadirachtin can be utilized to prevent oxidation of RBL with an ultimate goal of exploiting the potential of the plant source for producing edible‐grade oil from rice bran using a natural molecule at very low concentration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Essential oil, fatty acid and sterol composition of Tunisian coriander fruit different parts
Authors: Sriti Jazia , Talou Thierry , Wannes Wissem Aidi , Cerny Muriel , Marzouk Brahim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Seed and pericarp of coriander fruit were compared in terms of essential oil, fatty acids and sterols.RESULTS: Essential oil yield of coriander samples ranged from 0.30 to 0.68% (w/w) in fruit and seed, respectively. However, in pericarp, the essential oil yield was only of 0.04% (w/w). Linalool was the major compound in the whole fruit, seed and pericarp, with 86.1%, 91.1% and 24.6% of the oils, respectively. Fatty acid composition of pericarp and seed lipids were investigated by gas chromatography. Petroselinic acid was the main compound of fruit and seed, followed by linoleic and oleic acids. Palmitic and linoleic acids were estimated in higher amounts in pericarp lipids. Total sterol contents were 36.93 g kg−1 oil in seed, 6.29 g kg−1 oil in fruit and 4.30 g kg−1 oil in pericarp. Fruit and pericarp oils were characterized by a high proportion of β‐sitosterol, with 36.7% and 49.4% of total sterols, respectively. However, stigmasterol (29.5%) was found to be the sterol marker in seed oils.CONCLUSION: Coriander oil is a rich source of many compounds such as essential oils, fatty acids and sterols. This compound distribution presented significant differences between whole fruit, seed and pericarp. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the effect of plant extracts and phenolic compounds on reduction of acrylamide in an asparagine/glucose model system by RP‐HPLC‐DAD
Authors: Zhu Fan , Cai Yi‐Zhong , Ke Jinxia , Corke Harold 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Acrylamide has been found in various foods. Many studies have been conducted to mitigate acrylamide formation during the Maillard reaction. In this study, the effects of 35 crude aqueous extracts from dietary plants (spices, fruits, tea, beans and herbs) and 11 phenolic compounds on the mitigation of acrylamide in an asparagine/glucose model system were investigated. A simple method using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with 100% water as mobile phase was developed for acrylamide quantification.RESULTS: Addition of plant extracts significantly influenced acrylamide formation. Extracts of mint, cumin seeds and star anise caused the greatest reductions, of 75%, 73% and 69%, respectively, but Huanggang Ku‐Jing‐Cha extract facilitated acrylamide formation with increases of 18%. Of the phenolic compounds, p‐coumaric acid caused the greatest reduction (53%), whereas hesperetin increased acrylamide content by 9%.CONCLUSION: This study provided a possible use of crude aqueous plant extracts to mitigate acrylamide formation in the Maillard reaction. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens
Authors: Yalçın Sakine , Yalçın Suzan , Erol Handan , Buǧdaycı K Emre , Özsoy Bülent , Çakır Serkan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary black cumin seed on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 12 week period. For this purpose a total of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens 36 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups. Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was used at the level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg−1 in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively.RESULTS: Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg quality characteristics and blood parameters. Diets containing 10 and 15 g kg−1 black cumin seed increased egg weight (P < 0.01), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.01) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (% of total fatty acid methyl esters) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) compared to the diet of control group.CONCLUSION: Dietary black cumin seed at the level of 10 and 15 g kg−1 had beneficial effects on egg weight, feed efficiency, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Therefore it can be used at the level of 10 and 15 g kg−1 in the diets of laying hens. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between business characteristics and ICT deployment in the rural tourism sector. The case of Spain
Authors: Peña Ana Isabel Polo , Jamilena Dolores María Frías 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT) is crucial for the competitiveness of rural tourism businesses. It is therefore important to know the relation between a firm's characteristics and ICT deployment. This study makes two hierarchical segmentations to predict the behaviour of these firms when deploying the Web and e‐mail. This work determines which characteristics are related to ICT deployment. Activity and category are the two characteristics that most effectively predict a firm's behaviour, whereas location and size are less effective. These results have implications for entrepreneurial behaviour and for public agents working in rural tourism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a new type micro slurry‐jet erosion (MSE) tester for evaluation of wear properties of hard thin coatings
Authors: Iwai Yoshiro , Matsubara Tohru , Hirai Yuichi , Hogmark Sture 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVersatile and reliable techniques for evaluation of hard thin coatings are necessary for the development and tribological assessment of new coatings. We have proposed a new type of micro slurry‐jet erosion (MSE) test, i.e. a solid particle impact erosion test for swift evaluation of wear properties of hard thin coatings. We are using a new type of MSE test apparatus (pot type tester) that makes it possible to obtain the wear loss per unit mass of erodent, which in this test was alumina particles with an average size of 1.2 µm. Its performance was evaluated by using a Si wafer plate under various test condition. In addition, the MSE tester was demonstrated by evaluating the wear resistance of TiN on high‐speed steel substrate. The new MSE test generates highly reproducible results and is very sensitive to the quality of the coatings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.