bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les trajectoires territoriales du sionisme
Authors: Dieckhoff Alain 
Published: July 2010

The territorial itineraries of Zionism, Alain Dieckhoff.
Since its origins, Zionism has had several territorial strategies. Between 1882 and 1897, the purpose of Jewish nationalism was settlement in Palestine ; its newness was its political nature. From 1897 to 1936, a strategy of settler colonies was implemented. From 1936 to 1948, a strategy of grafting was applied as a response to Arab hostility and to assure the territorial bases of a future state. After 1948 and until 1967, there was a methodical gridding of space simultaneously with the search for a new demographic balance. But the management of the occupied territories brought about new ambitions after 1967 now linked with the recovery of a highly symbolic space on the West Bank.
Renzo De Felice et l'histoire du fascisme
Authors: Musiedlak Didier 
Published: July 2010

Renzo De Felice and the history of fascism, Didier Musiedlak.
The historical work of De Felice set off a storm in Italy because it goes against a whole historiographic tradition of analysis of the 20 black years of Fascism through the anti-fascism prism. De Felice claims an Italian specificity, which distinguishes it from German Nazism and post-1945 " neo-fascisms ". He bases the chronological analysis of its reign on the struggle, under Il Duce's omnipresent eye, between the intransigents, who dreamed of a revolution inspired by the movement, and the more conservative fellow-travelers, who wanted to strengthen the Italian state by making it fascist.
Les générations intellectuelles
Authors: Winock Michel 
Published: July 2010

Intellectual generations, Michel Winock
The notion of generation can be particularly fruitful for the history of intellectuals, provided not too much is asked of it : it allows both description and explanation, emphasizes the major collective moments and helps relate individual itineraries better with them. It can be used to propose a stratigraphy of the history of the French intelligentsia, from the generation of the Dreyfus affair to that of 1968, and including e.g. the generation of the depression or that of the Cold War. Seemingly chaotic behavior, itineraries and phenomena become thereby more intelligible.
Les enfants terribles de la Nouvelle Vague
Authors: Capdenat Constance 
Published: July 2010

The " Enfants Terribles " of the " New Wave ", Constance Capdenat.
The term " New Wave " was used by journalists to designate a movement of young directors who wanted to break with a certain tradition of the French cinema. They were in their thirties in 1960, having grown up in the post-World War II boom. They made claims to a special style, a way of writing and technique. Revolting against their fathers, these directors rejected academic training and asserted their desire for freedom. The " New Wave " represents French cinema's holiday period before the events of May 1968.
Soldats perdus des guerres orphelines
Authors: Beccaria Laurent 
Published: July 2010

Lost soldiers of orphan wars, Laurent Beccaria.
Shocked by the defeat of 1940, lieutenants in the Indochina war, captains in the Algerian war, some officers of paratroop regiments or the Foreign legion lived as far as the putsch or the wreck a particular generation-effect. Their fate is ignored in French collective memory but the myths which they embodied still sometimes seem to continue seducing new generations of young officers.
Argent, politique et aviation. L'affaire de l'aéropostale (1931-1932)
Authors: Neiertz Nicolas 
Published: July 2010

Money, politics and aviation. The Aéropostale affair, 1931-1932, Nicolas Neiertz.
In the 1920s and 1930s, thanks to the Compagnie Aéropostale and the exploits of its pilots, France seemed to occupy a choice place in the market of international air navigation, particularly in South America. But the early 1930s were marked by the « Aéropostale affair », which was the talk of the town as it revealed ambiguous links between the business and the political communities. An active and ambitious entrepreneur, Marcel Bouilloux-Lafont ; a series of Aviation Ministers conscious of State prerogatives ; important names on the political stage implicated (e.g. P.-E. Flandin) : all the ingredients were there for a complex political-financial scandai, whose analysis leads to a reflection on the nature and functions of this type of affair in a System of parliamentary democracy.
Le rapport « Nora-Minc ». Histoire d'un best-seller
Authors: Walliser Andrée 
Published: July 2010

The " Nora-Minc " report. The history of a best seller, Andrée Walliser.
Made public in 1978, the Nora-Minc report was a typical instance of the French tradition of administrative reports. Requested by V. Giscard d'Estaing in order to take stock of the computerization of society, at a time of questioning and increasing worries in France, this report met with great success both in the press and in bookstores, thanks to its brilliant writing and reassuring conclusions. In a few months it became a best seller and, because of the ambiguous reactions it caused, a kind of mirror reflecting, in a period of socio-economic change and discourses on modernization, the state of French public opinion in the late 1970s. The report was much commented, but was it really heeded ?
1968 : mort et naissance de l'université française
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: July 2010

1968 : death and birth of the French University, Antoine Prost.
The events of 1968 undermined the magisterial legitimacy and university authority so radically that they caused decisive transformations in French universities. The organization of studies and examinations, teaching methods and professor-student relations are not the only elements of the university institution that were then greatly changed. The very structure of the university was entirely reorganized : power is now found at different levels, based on more democratie elections, which reinforces it and gives it other dimensions. Paradoxically, the 1968 events marked the birth of real universities in France.
Le mouvement de 1968 au Mexique
Authors: Lempérière-Roussin Annick 
Published: July 2010

The 1968 movement in Mexico, Annick Lempérière-Roussin.
The 1968 student movement presented in Mexico forms of contestation to which the political regime — stable and authoritarian — was not accustomed the fear of an autonomous mass movement which might acquire its own legitimacy and cause a snow bail phenomenon led to massive repression. This was reinforced by the proximity of the Olympic Games. But as an end-result of the 1960s in which anti-Castrism, anti-imperialism and social utopianism flourished, the Mexican 1968 movement was also a revolt of civil society against the authoritarian regime of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The voluntaristic students and intellectuals of 1968 can be considered the precursors of the civil struggles which have recently taken place on the occasion of each election.
Le système Ceausescu. Utopie totalitaire et nationalisme insulaire
Authors: Durandin Catherine 
Published: July 2010

The Ceaucescu System. Totalitarian utopia and insular nationalism, Catherine Durandin.
The " systematization " that has been going on in Romania in recent years and Ceausescu's delirious megalomania are not outgrowths of a perverted System. They are at the very heart of the device for creating a " New Man ", set up since 1965, the year of the arrival in power of the " Conducator ". There has also always been a constant attempt by the dictatorship at a historie legitimation, from the Daci to communism, by way of the 1848 nationalists.
Tian'Anmen 1989
Authors: Bergère Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2010

Tian'anmen 1989, Marie-Claire Bergère.
An analysis of the Tian'anmen movement reveals how complex it was, and how far from western patterns. The students wanted not only to improve their own conditions and transform the institutions of the Socialist Republic ; along with many intellectuals, they also wanted to moralize the party and politics. The persistence of traditional values was not the only obstacle to an institutionalization of the opposition, also paralysed by the absence of a civil and of autonomous structures in which the protesters might lean. Factional rivalties, generational fights, personal and political conflicts among leaders played a major role in Tian'anmen.
Le premier mai 1936 entre deux tours et deux époques
Authors: Rodriguez Miguel 
Published: July 2010

May Day 1936, between two elections and two epochs, Miguel Rodriguez.
At first glance, between the two ballots of the parliamentary elections which were to consecrate the victory of the Popular Front, the celebration of May Day 1936 should logically have registered a strong political mobilization. Paradoxically, while the day was a real success for the recently reunified CGT, the election outcome seemed quite absent from people's worries. The celebration had less to do with the immediate political situation than with a more general process : the gradual integration of the « workers' day » in the collective habits, with militant mobilization becoming little by little a ritual gathering.
Le bonheur pour pratique dans les Pyrénées-orientales
Authors: Cadé Michel 
Published: July 2010

Happiness as praxis in the Pyrénées-Orientales, Michel Cadet.
In the Pyrénées-Orientales, the Communist Party perfected at the time of the Popular new militant practices. Based on the press, cultural activities, performances and folk feasts, these practices developed a new way of being together, in which militants and sympathizers, intellectuals and manual workers learned to know each other. Rooted in a solid local tradition, they depended nonetheless very closely on the Communist Party's national strategy.
Discours historiques et identité nationale en Argentine
Authors: Quattrocchi-Woisson Diana 
Published: July 2010

Historical discourse and national identity in Argentina, Diana Quattrocchi-Woisson.
Ever since the 19th century, Argentina, then a young nation in the making and searching for its difference, has looked for its identity in an uninterrupted line of « revisions » of its own history. An oligarchic vision at the time of Rosas, democratic at the time of Yrigoyen, populist in the Peron era, with attacks by Maurrassians, antagonism by the academic and university circles, history in Argentina is a continuous battle of memory and counter-memory.
1940 : le var rouge dans la vague blanche
Authors: Guillon Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2010

1940 : The red Var, and the white wave, Jean-Marie Guillon.
In the Var department, as elsewhere, the beginnings of opposition to the Vichy re- gime were neither early nor unanimous. In 1940, the Resistance was still to be invented, especially since it represented a break with a political tradition which had forgotten the clandestine action and republican insurrections of the previous centuries. Resistance was built up through stages, first in cities and then on the coast. There was no single center : it was formed from distant circles in which Gaullists, Anglophiles, democrats, antiparliamentarians and partial supporters of the Vichy regime coexisted. At the end of 1940, there was still a long way to go for the republicans who had to discover what the Resistance was and for the Resistance, which had to rediscover the Republic.
L'immigration dans le football
Authors: Beau Stephane , Noiriel Gérard 
Published: July 2010

Immigration in soccer, Stéphane Beaud, Gérard Noiriel.
Why has immigration always played an important role in the French soccer job market ? The round bail has always been an extremely important integration factor for young immigrants, though in highly diverse forms. Thinking about " national style " shows how national and patriotic reflexes corne together and fade away, and how the question of " social habitus " is easier to circumscribe in social groups and individuals who are seeking to get even with the society that takes them in.
Les grands commencements de l'Europe plan Marshall (1947) et aide à l'est européen (1990)
Authors: Bossuat Gérard 
Published: July 2010

The major beginnings of Europe. The Marshall Plan (1947) and aid to East Europe (1990), Gérard Bossuat.
The article compares the contexts of Marshall aid to devastated Europe to the aid now granted to the Eastern countries currently in disarray. It questions the nature of assistance, the conditions under which it was granted, the purposes of both donors and beneficiaries. It concludes that there are similarities between 1947 and 1990, but that assistance is not presently in the service of ambitions and plans clearly formulated and massively shared by both sides.
Pavane pour une histoire défunte dans l'ancienne Allemagne de l'est
Authors: Chaix Gérald 
Published: July 2010

Pavane for a defunct ex-East German history, Gérald Chaix.
Germany's reunification has dramatic social conséquences. In the universities of ex-East Germany, especially among historians, particularly numerous because of the legitimizing function history played, the advocates of the previous regime are trying to save their jobs although the overall record seems negative. While the old structures, in particular the Academy of Sciences, are being dismantled, debate is raging in Germany on the achievements of East German historiography. Some aspects of it seem worthy of attention, especially in the field of social history.
De Beyrouth à Alger : la fin d'un ordre urbain
Authors: Ilbert Robert 
Published: July 2010

From Beirut to Alger, the end of an urban order, Robert Ilbert.
Like Beirut, the inmost extreme example, the port-cities of the Ottoman Empire have gone little by little from the stage of dynamism and brilliance to that of dismantlement, when not chaos... Understanding such a process implies an analysis of the very specifie urban order which characterized them at the time of their apogee : they were cosmopolitan cities functioning almost like genuine city-states, organized around the power of their elites, the social and cultural weight of their communitarian System and of the relative autonomy of their municipal agencies. But the logic of the nation-states gained increasingly and broke their always precarious balance, pushing them into an apparently unending crisis.
Sortir du sud : le modèle espagnol
Authors: Chastagnaret Gérard 
Published: July 2010

The way out of the South : the Spanish model, Gérard Chastagnaret.
In the 19th century, Spain's economic growth did not bring about real development, and fortunes were made without enough investment. As of the 1950s, however, Spain really ' took off '. It stopped being a periphery of Europe and became a genuine European south. Can this successful Spanish model be exported to other Mediterranean countries ? Yes, if a few conditions are net.
L'affaire Gabrielle Russier
Authors: Bouchoux Corinne 
Published: July 2010

The Gabrielle Russier affair, Corinne Bouchoux.
In the summer and the fall of 1969, Gabrielle Russier, a professor of literature in a Marseille lycée, was judged and condemned for having had a love affair with one of her students. An emblematic figure and a victim for some, and a seductress and guilty woman for others, the teacher found herself confronted with three institutions that were under going a deep crisis : the family, the school, the judiciary. Beyond a conflict between individuals who wanted to apply 1968 " ideas " and those who defended traditional values, this human interest story revealed some of the contradictions French society was experiencing, at a time when the " events of May " had not yet been overcome.
La réunification et la recherche historique allemande
Authors: Kocka Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

Germany's reunification and historical research, Jürgen Kocka.
In all fields, whether political, economic, social or cultural, Germany's unification is being achieved mostly through an extension of the West German System to the former East Germany. This is also true of scientific research, particularly of historical studies. Historians of the two Germanys had complex relations since the 1945 split, each of the two disciplines trying to answer by means of new analyses the arguments put forward by the other camp. In this race for intellectual challenges, whose setting was the very history of Germany, large portions of research, touching vaster subjects, were left aside. One may therefore hope that the 1989-90 rupture will enable German historians to shake free of the approach based on national history and open up to wider perspectives, those concerning the history of a civilization.
Vers une histoire sociale de la RDA
Authors: Niethammer Lutz 
Published: July 2010

Towards a social history of the GDR, Niethammer.
Based on the results of a vast oral history study undertaken in the GDR in 1987 and on additional interviews after German unification, the author sketches a social history of the GDR. He analyzes the relations between the life experience and the political socialization of the successive generations, the effects of selective migration on the structure and the composition of the leading strata and the consequences of the demographic imbalance favoring women on social and economic institutions. Supplementing these approaches with an analysis of the economic and political dimensions, he makes the case for setting GDR in the framework of a continuous German history, and for comparisons with German society under Nazism and that of the other socialist countries.
Qu'est-ce qu'être allemande ? De la polémique politique à la recherche historique
Authors: Frévert Ute 
Published: July 2010

What does it mean to be a German woman ? From political polemic to historical research, Ute Frevert.
It is more important to ask questions about the identity of German women in the 20th century than about that of their male counterparts. In Germany as in the rest of the world, the history of women represents a scientific and political stake. In a country seeking its identity, tormented by a memory difficult to handle and a reunification just as delicate to achieve, questions about the place of sexe difference in recent history may provide an opportunity to deal with many problematical issues of " general " history.
Les classes moyennes devant l'histoire
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The middle classes and history, Serge Berstein.
Whatever the Marxists said, the middle classes are not going counter to history. On the contrary, they have been powerful motors for France's contemporary history. They remain to be defined : neither bourgeois, nor proletarian, caught in a representation of society they take pleasure in, determined to climb, and often so fragile. They should be studied without preconceived ideas, using historical hypotheses and methods. Serge Berstein opens the discussion.
Identité sociale et politique des petits commerçants (1966-1988)
Authors: Mayer Nonna 
Published: July 2010

The social and political identity of shop-keepers, Nonna Mayer.
As early as the 19th century, the shops were a particular social category in the nebula of the middle class. But the perception of its social identity and political leanings has been evolving in the 20th century. A series of studies carried out from 1966 to 1988 shows that it is still depending on neigh-borhood and region, pulled between the " little " and the " big ", between " workers " and " bourgeois ", and still as uncomfortable with this binary logic. But — and this is new — small traders identify more readily today with the " average French men ".
L'escamotage de la notion de classes moyennes sous l'occupation
Authors: Ruhlmann Jean 
Published: July 2010

The concealment of the concept of middle classes during the German Occupation, Jean Ruhlmann.
The Vichy " national revolution " concealed in its official discourse the concept of middle classes. The middle classes had no place in the corporative ideology which by definition denied any class organization of society. The discourse, nevertheless, was aimed at farmers, shopkeepers and small businessmen who formed one of the foundations of support for Marshal Pétain, even if Vichy failed in its attempt to give them a specifie place in the " new France ".
Les missions universitaires françaises au Brésil dans les années 1930
Authors: Lefèvre Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2010

French academic missions in Brazil in the 1930s, Jean-Paul Lefèvre.
When in the early 1930s Brazil sought to acquire modem university structures, it resolutely looked abroad in particular towards France, which had already provided an active cultural and intellectual presence thanks to the efforts of one scholar Georges Dumas. Several French academic missions were sent to Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, especially in the social and human sciences. Young scholars such as François Perroux, Fernand Braudel and Claude Lévi-Strauss had an Brazilian adventure, a rich example of cultural exchange which benefited each of the actors.
Les croix-de-feu et l'antisémitisme
Authors: Millman Richard 
Published: July 2010

The Croix-de-Feu and anti-semitism, Richard Millman.
Was the League of the Croix-de-Feu an anti-semitic movement? What about the Parti social Français (PSF) after 1936? From a careful reading of the press and many accounts, the author draws a measured conclusion, distinguishing the leaders and their troups, before and after 1933, Paris and peripheric areas such as Alsace-Lorraine and Algeria. Quite clearly the Croix-de-Feu were not structured by anti-semitism, unlike other extreme right movements of the interwar period. But in proportion that is still unknown, many of the leagued members, with skulls against a background of crosses of honor, were antisemit.
La destruction de Caen en 1944
Authors: Voldman Danièle 
Published: July 2010

The destruction of Caen in 1944, Danièle Voldman
Using the example of the bombings which hit and practically destroyed Caen during the summer of 1944, the author studies the reasons for the strategie choices which could explain them. The problems of protection, evacuation and management of the civilian population gave rise to a new form of intervention, whether by Vichy, the Germans or the Allies.
La collection "signe de piste". Pour une histoire culturelle du scoutisme en france
Authors: Guérin Christian 
Published: July 2010

The "Signe de piste" series. For a cultural history of the boy scout movement in France, Christian Guérin.
From the late 1930s to the mid-1960s, the "Signe de piste" (path or track sign) series embodied the culture of French scouting for generations. Through the success of its authors, in particular Serge Dalens, the father of Prince Eric, through the efficacy of its illustrators, above all Joubert, through the consistency of its youthful universe and its aristocratie values, it succeeded in shaping a whole individual and group imaginary world. Its analysis relies on the notion of System of representations more than on ideology.
«Combat» et la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Duranton-Crabol Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2010

Combat and the Algerian war, Anne-Marie Duranton-Crabol.
Born during the Resistance, was the daily newspaper Combat so favorable to French Algeria that it manifested sympathy for the OAS? The reality was more complex. The paper attempted to reconcile its dream of a fraternal Algeria with non-negligible help to the nationalist and anti-gaullist team of Esprit public, while keeping its unfailing commitment to opinion pluralism. The contradictions of the paper help us measure the scope of the national crisis brought about by the Algerian tragedy.
Un état des recherches sur l'histoire du Vietnam
Authors: Tertrais Hugues 
Published: July 2010

The state of research on the history of Vietnam, Hugues Tertrais.
A history that is too political, splintered, foundering on the obstacles of stereo-typed language - or language itself - and nevertheless already devoted to the study of an old state tradition : such is the record of world research on Ho Chi Minh's country. One precious encouragement: it is indeed the history of the present that appears likely to bear tomorrow the long awaited synergies.