bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revelry and riot in Archaic Megara: democratic disorder or ritual reversal?
Authors: Forsdyke Sara 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPlutarch (probably following Aristotle's lostConstitution of the Megarians) associates several episodes of riotous behaviour with the existence of a radical democracy in Archaic Megara (Moralia295c-d, 304e-f). Modern historians, in turn, have accepted that Megara was ruled by a democracy in the mid sixth century BC. I suggest that this conclusion is unjustified because the connection between riotous behaviour and democracy in Plutarch is based on fourth-century anti-democratic political thought. I propose instead that anecdotes describing the insolent behaviour of the poor towards the rich are better interpreted in terms of customary rituals of social inversion and transgression. Drawing on comparative examples from the ancient world and early modern Europe, I show that popular revelry involving role reversal and transgression of social norms was an important locus for the negotiation of relations between élites and masses. I argue that such rituals provided temporary release from the constraints of the social hierarchy, and served to articulate symbolically the obligation of the powerful to protect the weak. The comparative examples show that such rituals were usually non-revolutionary, but could turn violent in times of rapid social and economic change. I argue that the violent episodes reported by Plutarch reflect the escalation of ritual revelry into real protest and riot in response to the breakdown of traditional relations of reciprocity between rich and poor in Archaic Megara. I suggest that élites in Archaic Megara successfully warded off more far-reaching rebellion and political reform by enacting new measures for the economic relief of the poor (e.g. the return of interest legislation). In conclusion, I address the broader historical question of why subordinate groups use ritual forms to express discontent.
The thirteenth oration of Dio Chrysostom: complexity and simplicity, rhetoric and moralism, literature and life
Authors: Moles John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper takes the Thirteenth Oration as a test case of many of the questions raised by the career and works of Dio Chrysostom. The speech's generic creativity and philosophical expertise are demonstrated. Historical problems are clarified. Analysis shows how Dio weaves seemingly diverse themes into a complex unity. New answers are given to two crucial interpretative problems. Exploration of Dio's self-representation and of his handling of internal and external audiences and of temporal and spatial relationships leads to the conclusion that he has a serious philosophical purpose: the advocacy of Antisthenic/Cynicpaideiain place of the currentpaideiaboth of Romans and Athenians. Paradoxically, this clever, ironic and sophisticated speech deconstructs its own apparent values in the interests of simple, practical moralizing.
A Hellenistic terracotta and the gardens of Adonis
Authors: Oakley John H. , Reitzammer Laurialan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA Hellenistic terracotta from Myrina now in the Louvre is interpreted as showing a young woman tending the ‘gardens of Adonis’ in connection with the rites of theAdonia. Further associations are made between the perfume apparently being poured into a planter from an alabastron that the young woman holds, Adonis’ mother Myrrha, the provenience of the terracotta (Myrina) and grave rituals.
Pindar on Archilochus and the gluttony of blame (Pyth. 2.52-6)
Authors: Brown Christopher G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInPyth. 2.52–5 Pindar describes Archilochus as ‘growing fat on dire words of hatred’. This article argues that Pindar portrays Archilochus as a glutton in the manner of iambic invective. A glutton is seen as a person who grows fat at the expense of others, and so fails in the matter of χάρις. In this light, Archilochus, the poet of blame, stands with Ixion in the poem as a negative paradigm, serving as a foil to Pindar's praise of Hieron. Praise is thus placed in a setting that recognizes its opposite: praise is only meaningful when seen in relation to blame. Pindar's poetry is not the product of gluttony; it is a return that offers a necessary recognition of excellence.
The competence of theatre audiences in fifth- and fourth-century Athens
Authors: Revermann Martin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAfter dismissing various possible approaches to the question of audience competence in fifth- and fourth-century Athens, this article proposes to tackle this important and notorious problem with a novel strategy that is not ‘top-down’ but ‘bottom-up’, starting with spectators rather than plays and focusing on the bottom-line of expertise which can be taken to be shared by the majority of audience members. An umbrella-notion of ‘theatrical competence’ is established before two central characteristics of drama performed in Athens are exploited: the participation of spectators in the citizen-chorus at the Great Dionysia, and the implications for the competence issue of frequent exposure to an art form which is as formally conservative as preserved Attic drama. What emerges is a model of stratified decoding by spectators (élite and non-élite) who share a considerable level of theatrical competence. In a final step, this model is applied to a number of case studies taken from fifth-century comedy.
The effects of captions in teenagers’ multimedia L2 learning
Authors: Lwo Laurence , Chia-Tzu Lin Michelle 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study aims to explore the impact of different captions on second language (L2) learning in a computer-assisted multimedia context. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, and a total of thirty-two eighth graders selected from a junior high school joined the study. They were systematically assigned into four groups based on their proficiency in English; these groups were shown animations with English narration and one of the following types of caption: no captions (M1), Chinese captions (M2), English captions (M3), and Chinese plus English captions (M4). A multimedia English learning program was conducted; the learning content involved two scientific articles presented on a computer. To track the learning process, data on oral repetition were collected after each sentence or scene was played. A post-test evaluation and a semi-structured interview were conducted immediately after viewing. The results show that the effect of different captions in multimedia L2 learning with respect to vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension depend on students’ L2 proficiency. With English and Chinese + English captions, learners with low proficiency performed better in learning English relative to those who did not have such captions. Students relied on graphics and animation as an important tool for understanding English sentences.
Patterns of pharmacological maintenance treatment in a community mental health services bipolar disorder cohort study (SIN-DEPRES)
Authors: Grande Iria , de Arce Rosario , Jiménez-Arriero Miguel Ángel , Lorenzo Federico Guillermo Iglesias , Valverde Juan Ignacio Franch , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Zaragoza Silvia , Cobaleda Silvia , Vieta Eduard 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder (BD) is usually required to prevent relapses and improve residual symptoms. Therefore, in this study, we describe patterns of pharmacological maintenance treatment and identify associated clinical features. This prospective multicentre epidemiological study recruited a cohort of 739 consecutive out-patients with clinically stable BD. Clinical stability was assessed at baseline with the Clinical Global Impression scale for BD and depressive symptoms with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Psychotropic medications were classified and analysed according to their mechanism as well as use. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between pharmacological strategies and clinical features. Longer time since last episode [odds ratio (OR) 1.002, p < 0.0001] and family history of psychiatric disorders (OR 1.911, p = 0.028) were associated with lithium in monotherapy; manic polarity of the most recent episode (OR 3.300, p = 0.006) and longer duration of clinical stability (OR 1.009, p = 0.034) with antipsychotic in monotherapy; depressive polarity of the most recent episode (OR 2.567, p = 0.003) and bipolar II disorder diagnosis (OR 2.278, p = 0.008) with antidepressant combination; no ongoing psychiatric co-morbidity (OR 0.230, p = 0.004) with lithium and anticonvulsant; manic polarity of the most recent episode (OR 3.774, p < 0.0001) with lithium and antipsychotic; manic polarity of the most recent episode (OR 2.907, p = 0.028) with lithium, anticonvulsant and antipsychotic. The pharmacological patterns followed published recommendations, except for the excessive use of antidepressants. This study reveals clinical factors closely related to prescription patterns.
Observations of quasi‐perpendicular propagating electromagnetic waves near the ionopause current sheet of Venus
Authors: Wei H. Y. , Russell C. T. , Daniels J. T. M. , Zhang T. L. , Strangeway R. J. , Luhmann J. G. 
Published: April 2012

Due to the lack of an intrinsic magnetic field at Venus, the Venus ionosphere acts as the obstacle to the incoming solar wind flow. Induced currents flowing on the ionopause resist the penetration of the solar wind magnetic fields into the ionosphere. The Venus Express magnetometer occasionally observes plasma waves near the ionopause. These waves propagate quasi‐perpendicularly to the background magnetic field, which are distinctively different from the lightning‐generated whistler waves. Both case and statistical studies are performed on the Venus Express magnetometer data in 32 Hz and 128 Hz resolutions for these quasi‐perpendicular propagating waves. These waves are found to be strongly associated with current sheets near the ionopause, either occurring at the center of a sharp current, or occurring at the edge of a current. The earlier Pioneer Venus Orbiter electric field observations also detected plasma waves associated with field‐aligned currents near the ionopause region, and the wave studies in this paper are possibly the magnetic counterparts of those earlier observations. These waves could be generated from the free energy of currents at the ionopause and could lead to dissipation of those currents.
Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations
Authors: ten Brink Uri S. , López‐Venegas Alberto M. 
Published: April 2012

Kinematic similarities between the Sumatra and Puerto Rico Trenches highlight the potential for a mega‐earthquake along the Puerto Rico Trench and the generation of local and trans‐Atlantic tsunamis. We used the horizontal components of continuous GPS (cGPS) measurements from 10 sites on NE Caribbean islands to evaluate strain accumulation along the North American (NA) – Caribbean (CA) plate boundary. These sites move westward and slightly northward relative to CA interior at rates ≤2.5 mm/y. Provided this motion originates in the subduction interface, the northward motion suggests little or no trench‐perpendicular thrust accumulation and may in fact indicate divergence north of Puerto Rico, where abnormal subsidence, bathymetry, and gravity are observed. The Puerto Rico Trench, thus, appears unable to generate mega‐earthquakes, but damaging smaller earthquakes cannot be discounted. The westward motion, characterized by decreasing rate with distance from the trench, is probably due to eastward motion of CA plate impeded at the plate boundary by the Bahamas platform. Two additional cGPS sites in Mona Passage and SW Puerto Rico move to the SW similar to Hispaniola and unlike the other 10 sites. That motion relative to the rest of Puerto Rico may have given rise to seismicity and normal faults in Mona Rift, Mona Passage, and SW Puerto Rico.
Computational design of a protein crystal
Authors: Lanci Christopher J. , MacDermaid Christopher M. , Kang Seung-gu , Acharya Rudresh , North Benjamin , Yang Xi , Qiu X. Jade , DeGrado William F. , Saven Jeffery G. 
Published: April 2012

Protein crystals have catalytic and materials applications and are central to efforts in structural biology and therapeutic development. Designing predetermined crystal structures can be subtle given the complexity of proteins and the noncovalent interactions that govern crystallization. De novo protein design provides an approach to engineer highly complex nanoscale molecular structures, and often the positions of atoms can be programmed with sub-Å precision. Herein, a computational approach is presented for the design of proteins that self-assemble in three dimensions to yield macroscopic crystals. A three-helix coiled-coil protein is designed de novo to form a polar, layered, three-dimensional crystal having the P6 space group, which has a “honeycomb-like” structure and hexameric channels that span the crystal. The approach involves: (
i
) creating an ensemble of crystalline structures consistent with the targeted symmetry; (
ii
) characterizing this ensemble to identify “designable” structures from minima in the sequence-structure energy landscape and designing sequences for these structures; (
iii
) experimentally characterizing candidate proteins. A 2.1 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of one such designed protein exhibits sub-Å agreement [backbone root mean square deviation (rmsd)] with the computational model of the crystal. This approach to crystal design has potential applications to the de novo design of nanostructured materials and to the modification of natural proteins to facilitate X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Chemical composition.
Authors: Bosland P. W. , Votava E. J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the chemical composition of pepper fruits, i.e. water, fixed (fatty) oils, steam-volatile oil, carotenoids, resin, protein, fibre and minerals, among others. The importance of these compounds in the nutritive value, taste, colour and aroma of pepper fruits are also discussed.
Postharvest handling.
Authors: Bosland P. W. , Votava E. J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the postharvest handling of peppers for use as a fresh commodity or processed. The various processing methods (canning, pickling, freezing, fermentation, dehydration or extraction for oleoresins) are discussed and the importance of the maintenance of the quality through all phases, from field production to consumption, are highlighted.
Regulation of queen development through worker aggression in a predatory ant
Authors: Penick Clint A. , Liebig Jürgen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Extreme developmental plasticity within the eusocial insects defines the separation between the queen and worker castes. The switch between these 2 developmental pathways is thought to be under tight social control. Although a large emphasis has been placed on the effect of larval nutrition on caste determination, workers of many species have no direct control over larval feeding. This may be particularly relevant to the early evolution of ants, when behaviors that allow fine control over larval nutrition, such as mouth-to-mouth food exchange between larvae and workers, were probably not yet present. We investigated larval-directed aggression as an alternative means to regulate queen development in the ant Harpegnathos saltator, a species that retains ancestral characteristics. We tested worker response toward natural queen-destined larvae and larvae induced to develop as queens using a juvenile hormone analog (JHA). Workers from colonies that were not rearing queens bit queen-destined larvae, whereas worker-destined larvae were not attacked. When colonies were naturally rearing queens, workers did not bite JHA-treated larvae, and a larger proportion of these larvae developed into queens compared with larvae that received biting. This supports the hypothesis that workers of H. saltator use biting to inhibit queen development during periods when the conditions for queen rearing are not met. We propose that mechanical stress, in addition to nutrition, could serve as a mechanism to regulate queen development in species that lack fine control over larval food consumption, and this may have played a role during the early evolution of eusociality in ants.
State and parameter estimation of the heat shock response system using Kalman and particle filters
Authors: Liu Xin , Niranjan Mahesan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Traditional models of systems biology describe dynamic biological phenomena as solutions to ordinary differential equations, which, when parameters in them are set to correct values, faithfully mimic observations. Often parameter values are tweaked by hand until desired results are achieved, or computed from biochemical experiments carried out in vitro. Of interest in this article, is the use of probabilistic modelling tools with which parameters and unobserved variables, modelled as hidden states, can be estimated from limited noisy observations of parts of a dynamical system.
Results: Here we focus on sequential filtering methods and take a detailed look at the capabilities of three members of this family: (i) extended Kalman filter (EKF), (ii) unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and (iii) the particle filter, in estimating parameters and unobserved states of cellular response to sudden temperature elevation of the bacterium Escherichia coli. While previous literature has studied this system with the EKF, we show that parameter estimation is only possible with this method when the initial guesses are sufficiently close to the true values. The same turns out to be true for the UKF. In this thorough empirical exploration, we show that the non-parametric method of particle filtering is able to reliably estimate parameters and states, converging from initial distributions relatively far away from the underlying true values.
Availability and implementation: Software implementation of the three filters on this problem can be freely downloaded from http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mn/HeatShock
Contact: m.niranjan@southampton.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Boosting automatic event extraction from the literature using domain adaptation and coreference resolution
Authors: Miwa Makoto , Thompson Paul , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivation: In recent years, several biomedical event extraction (EE) systems have been developed. However, the nature of the annotated training corpora, as well as the training process itself, can limit the performance levels of the trained EE systems. In particular, most event-annotated corpora do not deal adequately with coreference. This impacts on the trained systems' ability to recognize biomedical entities, thus affecting their performance in extracting events accurately. Additionally, the fact that most EE systems are trained on a single annotated corpus further restricts their coverage.
Results: We have enhanced our existing EE system, EventMine, in two ways. First, we developed a new coreference resolution (CR) system and integrated it with EventMine. The standalone performance of our CR system in resolving anaphoric references to proteins is considerably higher than the best ranked system in the COREF subtask of the BioNLP'11 Shared Task. Secondly, the improved EventMine incorporates domain adaptation (DA) methods, which extend EE coverage by allowing several different annotated corpora to be used during training. Combined with a novel set of methods to increase the generality and efficiency of EventMine, the integration of both CR and DA have resulted in significant improvements in EE, ranging between 0.5% and 3.4% F-Score. The enhanced EventMine outperforms the highest ranked systems from the BioNLP'09 shared task, and from the GENIA and Infectious Diseases subtasks of the BioNLP'11 shared task.
Availability: The improved version of EventMine, incorporating the CR system and DA methods, is available at: http://www.nactem.ac.uk/EventMine/.
Contact: makoto.miwa@manchester.ac.uk
Light-mediated Kleaf induction and contribution of both the PIP1s and PIP2s aquaporins in five tree species: walnut (Juglans regia) case study
Authors: Ben Baaziz Khaoula , Lopez David , Rabot Amelie , Combes Didier , Gousset Aurelie , Bouzid Sadok , Cochard Herve , Sakr Soulaiman , Venisse Jean-Stephane 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Understanding the response of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) to light is a challenge in elucidating plant–water relationships. Recent data have shown that the effect of light on Kleaf is not systematically related to aquaporin regulation, leading to conflicting conclusions. Here we investigated the relationship between light, Kleaf, and aquaporin transcript levels in five tree species (Juglans regia L., Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Salix alba L. and Populus tremula L.) grown in the same environmental conditions, but differing in their Kleaf responses to light. Moreover, the Kleaf was measured by two independent methods (high-pressure flow metre (HPFM) and evaporative flux method (EFM)) in the most (J. regia) and least (S. alba) responsive species and the transcript levels of aquaporins were analyzed in perfused and unperfused leaves. Here, we found that the light-induced Kleaf value was closely related to stronger expression of both the PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporin genes in walnut (J. regia), but to stimulation of PIP1 aquaporins alone in F. sylvatica and Q. robur. In walnut, all newly identified aquaporins were found to be upregulated in the light and downregulated in the dark, further supporting the relationship between the light-mediated induction of Kleaf and aquaporin expression in walnut. We also demonstrated that the Kleaf response to light was quality-dependent, Kleaf being 60% lower in the absence of blue light. This decrease in Kleaf was correlated with strong downregulation of three PIP2 aquaporins and of all the PIP1 aquaporins tested. These data support a relationship between light-mediated Kleaf regulation and the abundance of aquaporin transcripts in the walnut tree.
Development of new IL28B genotyping method using Invader Plus assay
Authors: Kani Satomi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Matsuura Kentaro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Orito Etsuro , Inose Ken , Motojuku Nao , Wakimoto Yukio , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT IL28B polymorphism is associated with the response to pegylated interferon‐α with ribavirin (PEG‐IFN‐α/RBV) treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients. As a genotyping assay for IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in clinical practice, the Invader Plus assay was developed. The accuracy, intra‐assay, inter‐assay precision, and the limit of detection of the Invader Plus assay were evaluated. Two SNPs (rs8099917 and rs12979860) associated with IL28B were genotyped by the Invader Plus and TaqMan assay in 512 Japanese patients. In comparison with direct sequencing, the Invader Plus assay showed 99% accuracy in rs8099917 and 100% accuracy in rs12979860. Intra‐assay and inter‐assay precision were sufficient to use in clinical practice and the detection limit was 1ngDNA/assay. Genotyping by rs8099917 showed that 361 (71%), 144 (28%) and seven (1%) of the patients were major homozygous, heterozygous and minor homozygous types, respectively. Five of the 512 cases (1%) had haplotype differences, but none showed differences between the two genotyping methods. For patients with HCV genotype 1, the prevalence of responders in the major homozygous type was 83.3%, and that of non‐responders in the minor heterozygous/homozygous type was 72.5%. A convenient IL28B genotyping method using the Invader Plus assay could be useful to predict  the treatment outcome in clinical practice.