bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid satellite–IEEE 802.16 system for mobile multimedia delivery
Authors: Gür Gürkan , Bayhan Suzan , Alagöz Fatih 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper describes and discusses a heterogeneous system of satellite and IEEE 802.16 WiMAX networks collaborating for the efficient delivery of multimedia services. We first elaborate on the rationale behind integrated satellite and WiMAX networks with an overview of current research on interworking of satellite and 3G/Beyond 3G terrestrial networks. Following this background, we propose a diverse set of enhancements and additions into WiMAX Base Station (BS) and Multicast Broadcast Service Controller (MBSC), which allows this interworking in the multimedia delivery context. We describe a WiMAX BS downlink scheduler that considers satellite channel conditions of the dual‐mode SSs (Subscriber Station) while making resource allocation and packet scheduling. This scheduler interacts with another proposed module in MBSC, namely Satellite–Terrestrial Interaction Module, for performing these operations. Traffic for real‐time multimedia and cache‐based delivery is considered in the system. On the SS side, a lightweight signaling scheme between BS and SS for service continuity and control is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure real‐time routing protocol with load distribution in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ahmed Adel Ali , Fisal Norsheila Fisal 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWireless sensor network (WSN) is a wirelessad hocnetwork that consists of a very large number of tiny sensor nodes communicating with each other with limited power and memory constrain. WSN demands real‐time forwarding which means messages in the network are delivered according to their end‐to‐end deadlines (packet lifetime). Since many sensor networks will be deployed in critical applications, security is essential. Recently, many real‐time routing protocols have been proposed, but none is designed with security. This paper proposes a novel secure real‐time with load distribution (SRTLD) routing protocol that provides secure real‐time data transfer and efficient distributed energy usage in WSN. The SRTLD routing protocol ensures high packet throughput and minimized packet overhead. It has been successfully studied and verified through simulation and real test bed implementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of ionization yields under gallium bombardment
Authors: Frache Gilles , Adib Brahim El , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Migeon Henri‐Noel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Cameca NanoSIMS 50 is known to provide high resolution chemical mapping for negatively charged secondary ions (50–100 nm). Nevertheless, concerning positive secondary ions, the resolution is only in the 250‐nm range. In order to obtain a better lateral resolution for positive ions, a Liquid Metal Ion Gun (LMIG, Canion 31+, Orsay‐Physics, Fuveau, France) filled with gallium (Ga+) has been installed on the Cameca IMS‐6F. In the case of this study, we have measured the useful yields in inorganic samples. Limitations in the secondary ion signal intensity, which is inherent to the Gallium bombardment, can be partly balanced by using oxygen flooding, as a method to enhance the ion yield. Examples of applications are presented to demonstrate that the IMS‐6F equipped with a Gallium LMIG fulfills the requirements to be a complementary technique to the NanoSIMS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of Ga+ FIB/SIMS
Authors: Giannuzzi Lucille A. , Utlaut M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFIB/SIMS analyses has been performed and reported for well over a decade, however, only within limited research groups due to the lack of commercial FIB/SIMS instrumentation. Commercial availability of FIB/SIMS failed mainly due to two reasons: (i) the low secondary ion yields from the primary Ga+ source; and (ii) unrealistic expectations in sensitivity detection limits using the small FIB source. Despite the low yields and limits in sensitivity detection limited by the small volume of material analyzed, FIB/SIMS is extremely useful for conventional ppm SIMS analysis as well as high‐spatial resolution analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cuticular surface of D. melanogaster: ToF‐SIMS on the fly
Authors: Levine J. , Billeter J.‐C. , Krull U. , Sodhi R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInsects rely on chemicals to communicate, regulate water balance, and provide a protective barrier against infection. Drosophila melanogaster generates hydrocarbons to perform such functions, and these compounds coat the cuticular surface of the fly. Very little is known about the surface properties of these compounds, how they are arranged and whether they are evenly or unevenly distributed. Here, we begin to address these questions using time of flight (TOF) SIMS. We demonstrate that we can identify synthetic compounds, and that we can detect male–female differences. We used polished silicon wafers as a substrate for the application of synthetic compounds, as well as dissected bits of the cuticle taken from wild‐type males and females. Application of the Bi3+ cluster source‐obtained spectra that describe the properties of synthetic compounds that served as standards. Spectra obtained from the sections of dissected cuticle were complex but sex‐based differences are evident. Thus, in principle, TOF‐SIMS will be especially informative in future studies that elucidate physical properties of the epicuticular surface of the fly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for modeling diverse chemical reactions in molecular dynamics simulations of cluster bombardment
Authors: Kennedy Paul E. , Garrison Barbara J. , Russo Michael F. , van Duin Adri C. T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReaction energies for the degradation reactions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and for the cycloaddition of two ethylene molecules to form cyclobutane were calculated using the atomistic reactive empirical bond order potential ReaxFF,1 and the reaction energies were then compared to reaction energies from literature sources. The PMMA degradation reaction energies were from 7 to 25 kcal/mol less endothermic than the relevant literature values. The cycloaddition reaction energy was 5 kcal/mol less exothermic for ReaxFF compared to the literature value. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular depth profiling of polystyrene by electrospray droplet impact
Authors: Sakai Yuji , Iijima Yoshitoki , Mukou Souichirou , Hiraoka Kenzo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe molecular depth profiling of polymer by the electrospray droplet impact (EDI) has been performed. The multiply charged water droplets with kinetic energy of ∼106 eV were irradiated on the polystyrene spin coated on silicon wafer. With EDI etching, the ablation of the target is suppressed to a minimal, i.e. the shallow surface etching with nonrecognizable damage on the surface is realized. It was found that EDI/SIMS spectra and EDI/XPS spectra for polystyrene (PS) has shown no damage accumulation on the surface. This indicates that EDI is a unique technique for surface etching of polymer materials without causing any damage to the etched surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracing propionic acid infused to rat brain via deuterium tagging—further development of a novel rodent model of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Nie H.‐Y. , Taylor A.R. , Francis J. T. , Walzak M. J. , Lau W. M. , MacFabe D. F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMacFabeet al.have proposed a novel rat model of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with intraventricular infusions of propionic acid (PPA), a gut bacterial metabolic end product and common food preservative, which produces reversible behavioral and electrographic effects coupled with increased oxidative stress and innate neuroinflammatory changes consistent with findings in ASD patients. PPA appears to be a potential environmental trigger linking the disparate behavioral, dietary, gut, metabolic and immune factors implicated in ASD. These previous studies used traditional immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques to examine increased oxidative stress and visualize neurons, reactive astrocytes, and activated microglia in hippocampus and adjacent external capsule white matter from coronally sectioned rat brain. As PPA is also an important metabolic intermediate of fatty acid beta oxidation, we have repeated the experiments with deuterium‐tagged PPA (DPPA) and employed ToF‐SIMS to trace the deuterium decoration of comparable brain regions ipsilateral to the DPPA infusion. In the present case of revealing DPPA‐induced changes in brain regions, ToF‐SIMS imaging of deuterium confirms the effectiveness of the methodology and the imaging results support the PPA‐triggered ASD rodent model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on dichotomization of continuous response variable in the presence of contamination and model misspecification
Authors: Shentu Yue , Xie Minge 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this note is to raise awareness of the complexity of the practice involving dichotomization. It is well known that the regular regression models are effective tools for analyzing Gaussian‐type response variables, and researchers are often told that it is a ‘bad idea’ to practice dichotomization if continuous measurements are available. We demonstrate through special cases, however, that there is another side of the story if the response variable is contaminated. Although dichotomization causes loss of information, it can also reduce input of contamination. If the reduction of contamination input outweighs the loss of information, analysis based on dichotomization can sometimes provide better results. We derive formulas of bias and variance for binary regression estimators under a contamination model of unknown additive errors, and compare them with both the least squares and robustM‐estimators from the corresponding linear regression analysis using continuous responses. As a case study, we study extensively the case in which the observed response is contaminated by an error with a mean and a variance proportional to the mean and the variance of the uncontaminated true response. Conditions under which dichotomization is preferred are obtained. A simulation study based on a real data setting is provided, which supports the theoretical developments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell Cycle Heterogeneity in the Small Intestinal Crypt and Maintenance of Genome Integrity
Authors: Pruitt Steven C. , Freeland Amy , Kudla Angela 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Stem cell quiescence has been hypothesized to suppress the rate at which genetic mutations accumulate within tissues by reducing the number of divisions a cell undergoes. However, recent studies have suggested that stem cells in the small intestine are rapidly dividing. This observation raises the issue of whether replication related errors are an important contributor to the accumulation of genetic damage and, if so, how genomic integrity is maintained within the small intestine. Here, reporter-marked small intestinal epithelial cells, resulting from mini-chromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2) gene driven Cre-mediated recombination, are shown to be retained at the +1 position within the crypt and to contribute to the intestinal epithelia over long periods. Additionally, we show that the rate of cycling of +1 position Mcm2-expressing stem cells is heterogeneous with cycling times ranging between 1 and 4 days. Further, this heterogeneity depends on the p53 signaling pathway and could provide the basis for retention and expansion, through niche succession and crypt fission, of genetically intact stem cells. This somatic selection process would require active cellular replication.
Analysis of Kano‐model‐based customer needs for product development
Authors: Sharif Ullah A. M. M. , Tamaki Jun'ichi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Kano model is a useful model for integrating the Voice of the Customer into the subsequent processes of product development. This paper presents a method for analyzing customers' preferences obtained by using the Kano model. In the Kano model, customers' preferences are obtained by using a prescribed form to know whether or not a given product attribute is a Must‐be, Attractive, One‐dimensional, Indifferent, or Reverse attribute for a given product. Since the preference may vary a lot from customer to customer due to the demographic and psychographic factors, a quantitative aggregation process is needed to compute the information content of all customer answers and finally to decide the aforementioned status of each product attribute. Most of the quantitative methods developed so far deal mainly with the imprecision in the customer answers and do not address the uncertain (unknown or missing) customer answers. In fact, a significant number of customers might not be able to submit their answers on time. As a result, a significant number of answers remain unknown that manifests a great deal of uncertainty. This paper shows an approach to simulate the unknown customer answers. In addition, an approach is developed to measure the information content of customer answers integrating the real and simulated customer answers. This is helpful for identifying the correct status (Must‐be, Attractive, One‐dimensional, Indifferent, or Reverse) of each product attribute. Moreover, it is shown that the weighted average type of quantitative analysis is not suitable for quantifying the inherent complexity of customer answers obtained in accordance with the Kano model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 154–172, 2011
SmI2‐induced cyclizations and their applications in natural product synthesis
Authors: Nakata Tadashi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince the isolation of brevetoxin‐B, a red tide toxin, many bioactive marine natural products featuring synthetically challenging trans‐fused polycyclic ether ring systems have been reported. We have developed SmI2‐induced cyclization of β‐alkoxyacrylate with aldehyde, affording 2,6‐syn‐2,3‐trans‐tetrahydropyran (THP) or 2,7‐syn‐2,3‐trans‐oxepane with complete stereoselection, as a key reaction of efficient iterative and bi‐directional strategies for the construction of these polycyclic ethers. This reaction is also applicable to the synthesis of 3‐, 5‐, and 6‐methyl‐THPs and 3,5‐dimethyl‐THP. The synthesis of 2‐methyl‐ and 2,6‐dimethyl‐THPs was accomplished by means of a unique methyl insertion. Recently, the SmI2‐induced cyclization was extended to similar reactions using β‐alkoxyvinyl sulfone and sulfoxide. Reaction of (E)‐ and (Z)‐β‐alkoxyvinyl sulfone‐aldehyde afforded 2,6‐syn‐2,3‐trans‐ and 2,6‐syn‐2,3‐cis‐ THPs, respectively. Reaction of (E)‐β‐alkoxyvinyl (R)‐ and (S)‐sulfoxides gave 2,6‐anti‐2,3‐cis‐ and 2,6‐syn‐2,3‐trans‐THPs, respectively. Reaction of (Z)‐β‐alkoxyvinyl (R)‐sulfoxides gave 2,6‐syn‐2,3‐cis‐THP and an olefinic product, while that of (Z)‐β‐alkoxyvinyl (S)‐sulfoxide afforded a mixture of many products. These SmI2‐induced cyclizations have been applied to the total syntheses of various natural products, including brevetoxin‐B, mucocin, pyranicin, and pyragonicin. Synthetic studies on gambierol and maitotoxin are also introduced. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 159–172; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900027
Recent progress in a chiral multinucleating system utilizing tartaric acid esters
Authors: Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to develop a practical method for the construction of chiral molecules, we have designed a novel chiral reaction system possessing multi‐metal centers utilizing tartaric acid ester as a chiral auxiliary. Based on this concept, we have developed an asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines, an asymmetric hetero Diels‐Alder reaction of nitroso compounds, an asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction of o‐quinodimethanes. Furthermore, an asymmetric nucleophilic addition of alkynylzinc reagents, prepared in situ from dialkylzinc and 1‐alkynes, to nitrones was achieved with high level of stereocontrol. In the last case, the addition of methylzinc salt of a product‐like racemic hydroxylamine was found to be effective for unprecedented enhancement of enantioselectivity. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 173–187; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000002
Environmental toxicity testing of contaminated soil based on microcalorimetry
Authors: Gruiz K. , Feigl V. , Hajdu Cs. , Tolner M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractContaminated site assessment and monitoring requires efficient risk‐management tools including innovative environmental toxicity tests. The first application of microcalorimetry for toxicity testing draw the attention to a possible new tool to increase sensitivity, to eliminate matrix effect and to study effect‐mechanism. A Thermal Activity Monitor (TAM) microcalorimeter was used for measuring the heat production of various test organisms when getting in contact with sterile toxic soils. Well known bacterial (Azomonas agilis), animal (Folsomia candida) and plant test organisms (Sinapis alba) were tested for heat production. The heat response of selected testorganisms was measured in case of metal (Cu and Zn) and organic pollutant (Diesel oil, DBNPA and PCP) contaminated soils. In addition to the quantitative determination of the heat production, the mechanism of the toxic effect can be characterized from the shape of the power‐time curve (slope of the curve, height and time of the maximum). In certain concentration ranges the higher the pollutant concentration of the soil the lower the maximum of the time‐heat curve. At low pollutant concentrations an increased heat production was measured in case of A. agile and 20 and 200 mg Zn kg−1 soil. The microcalorimetric testing was more sensitive in all cases than the traditional test methods. Our results showed that the microcalorimetric test method offers a new and sensitive option in environmental toxicology, both for research and routine testing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2010.
Responses of AChE and GST activities to insecticide coexposure in Carassius auratus
Authors: Wang Chao , Lu Guanghua , Cui Jing 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOrganophosphates and carbamates are widely used pesticides and play an important role in global agriculture. The misuse of these compounds has caused environmental problems and has had a negative impact on wildlife. In this study, the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities in goldfish (Carassius auratus) were investigated. Muscle and brain AChE activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb (alone and in combination) after 2, 5, 10, and 15 days of exposure, and obvious concentration‐response and time‐response relationships were obtained. Gill GST activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb (single compounds and in combination), however, concentration dependence and time dependence were not apparent. The joint effect of chlorpyrifos/isoprocarb was additive with regard to AChE activity inhibition and was antagonistic with regard to GST activity inhibition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
First‐trimester umbilical vein blood flow in pregnancies with low serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A levels: an early predictor of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Pietrolucci M. E. , Capece A. , Arduini D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) during the first trimester in pregnancies with low serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) levels and to relate umbilical vein (UV) diameter, time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) and UVBF values to the subsequent development of fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).MethodsUVBF assessment was performed at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation in 102 singleton pregnancies with PAPP‐A concentrations of < 0.3 multiples of the median. UV diameter, UV‐TAMXV and UVBF were calculated and analyzed in relation to pregnancy outcome.ResultsPregnancy outcomes were: 51 pregnancies with birth weight ≥ 10th centile (Group A), 30 pregnancies with birth weight < 10th centile with normal Doppler in the umbilical artery throughout gestation (Group B) and 21 pregnancies with birth weight < 10th centile and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler later in gestation (Group C). No differences were found in PAPP‐A levels between groups. Group C fetuses exhibited significantly lower values of UV‐TAMXV (z‐score − 1.99 SDs, t = 8.527, P ≤ 0.0001) and UVBF (z‐score − 0.97 SDs, t = 7.420, P ≤ 0.0001) in comparison with normal reference ranges, while no differences were found in Groups A or B.ConclusionsDecreased UV‐TAMXV and UVBF at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation identify fetuses at risk of developing IUGR among pregnancies with low levels of PAPP‐A. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation classification for asynchronous high‐order QAM signals
Authors: Shi Qinghua , Gong Yi , Guan Yong Liang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAutomatic modulation classification (MC) is beneficial to digital radio receivers. Conventional MC schemes usually assume that perfect synchronization has been accomplished and then rely on certain statistical characteristics to distinguish different modulation formats. In practice, however, this perfect synchronization assumption is not reasonable since modulation classifiers operate in a non‐cooperative manner and therefore, the receiver has little prior knowledge about a transmitted signal and no training is available. In this paper, we first address asynchronous MC for high‐order QAMs through blind time synchronization. A characteristic function (CF) based approach is proposed to improve the performance of the conventional cumulant method. We then move on to consider asynchronous MC in the presence of frequency offset. We propose a hybrid MC scheme based on blind time synchronization, differential processing, and cumulants to solve this difficult problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Models of the reading process
Authors: Rayner Keith , Reichle Erik D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReading is a complex skill involving the orchestration of a number of components. Researchers often talk about a ‘model of reading’ when talking about only one aspect of the reading process (e.g., models of word identification are often referred to as ‘models of reading’). Here, we review prominent models that are designed to account for (1) word identification, (2) syntactic parsing, (3) discourse representations, and (4) how certain aspects of language processing (e.g., word identification), in conjunction with other constraints (e.g., limited visual acuity, saccadic error) guide readers' eyes. Unfortunately, it is the case that these various models addressing specific aspects of the reading process seldom make contact with models dealing with other aspects of reading. Thus, for example, the models of word identification seldom make contact with models of eye‐movement control, and vice versa. Although this may be unfortunate in some ways, it is quite understandable in other ways because reading itself is a very complex process. We discuss prototypical models of aspects of the reading process in the order mentioned above. We do not review all possible models but rather focus on those we view as being representative and most highly recognized.WIREs Cogn Sci2010 1 787–799This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Computational Models of LanguagePsychology > Language