bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of NH4+ in PM2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ15N Values of NH3 Source
Authors: Xiao Hao , Ding Shiyuan , Li Xiaodong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) has been widely used to quantify sources of ammonium (NH4+) in PM2.5. However, the overlap and uncertainty in δ15N values from different NH3 sources, coupled with their seasonal variability, hinder accurate identification of NH4+ source. Here, the δ15N values of various NH3 source samples collected by the active sampler were determined. Subsequently, we measured the δ15N values of NH4+ in PM2.5, which were collected seasonally in Tianjin. We found that the combustion‐related NH3 (c‐NH3) exhibiting higher δ15N values compared to volatile NH3 (v‐NH3), but all δ15N values was fell within the range reported by previous studies. Furthermore, inconsistent seasonal variations were observed in the δ15N‐NH3 values originating from emissions of agricultural soil and human excreta. The application of the Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR model) revealed a significant increase in the contribution of v‐NH3 to NH4+ when incorporating current source data, as opposed to previous data, for δ15N of NH3 source. Notably, the contribution of v‐NH3 (53.1%) to NH4+ was almost equivalent to that of c‐NH3 (46.9%) when considering the seasonal δ15N signatures of NH3 source. Additionally, the estimated contribution of v‐NH3 to NH4+ exhibited significant seasonal variability, which is more reasonable than in the non‐seasonal scenario. This study demonstrated that v‐NH3 and c‐NH3 contributed to NH4+ in PM2.5 in Tianjin almost equally, and it is highlighted that the seasonal δ15N values of NH3 sources should be considered when estimating the contributions of different NH3 sources to NH4+ in PM2.5 by the MixSIAR model.
Decomposition of the Horizontal Wind Divergence Associated With the Rossby, Mixed Rossby‐Gravity, Inertia‐Gravity, and Kelvin Waves on the Sphere
Authors: Neduhal Valentino , Žagar Nedjeljka , Lunkeit Frank , Polichtchouk Inna , Zaplotnik Žiga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper presents a new method for the decomposition of the horizontal wind divergence among linear waves on the sphere: inertia‐gravity (IG), mixed Rossby‐gravity (MRG), Kelvin and Rossby waves. The work is motivated by the need to quantify the vertical velocity and momentum fluxes in the tropics where the distinction between the Rossby and gravity regime, present in the extratropics, becomes obliterated. The method leads to divergence power spectra as a function of latitude and pressure. The spectra follow the same power laws as the vertical kinetic energy spectra for different wave types. The key novel aspect of the work is the coexistence of wave types at the same zonal wavenumbers. Applied to ERA5 data in August 2018, the new method reveals that the zonally‐integrated Kelvin wave divergence makes up about 19% of the upper‐troposphere divergence within 10°S–10°N. The MRG wave divergence has four times smaller magnitude. The relative roles of the two waves vary with scale. Overall small roles of the Kelvin and MRG waves in the tropical divergence is explained by decomposing their kinetic energies into rotational and divergent parts. The beta effects produces less then 5% of the tropospheric divergence associated with Rossby waves. The majority of divergence belongs to IG modes and is nearly equipartitioned between the eastward‐ and westward‐propagating IG modes in the upper troposphere, whereas stratospheric partitioning depends on the background flow.
Integrative metabolomics-genomics analysis identifies key networks in a stem cell-based model of schizophrenia
Authors: Spathopoulou Angeliki , Sauerwein Gabriella A. , Marteau Valentin , Podlesnic Martina , Lindlbauer Theresa , Kipura Tobias , Hotze Madlen , Gabassi Elisa , Kruszewski Katharina , Koskuvi Marja , Réthelyi János M. , Apáti Ágota , Conti Luciano , Ku Manching , Koal Therese , Müller Udo , Talmazan Radu A. , Ojansuu Ilkka , Vaurio Olli , Lähteenvuo Markku , Lehtonen Šárka , Mertens Jerome , Kwiatkowski Marcel , Günther Katharina , Tiihonen Jari , Koistinaho Jari , Trajanoski Zlatko , Edenhofer Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology behind the disorder remains elusive although it is hypothesized to be associated with the aberrant response to neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. Therefore, investigating the link between dysregulated metabolites and distorted neurodevelopment holds promise to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of this complex disorder. In this study, we aimed to explore a presumed correlation between the transcriptome and the metabolome in a SCZ model based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). For this, iPSCs were differentiated towards cortical neurons and samples were collected longitudinally at various developmental stages, reflecting neuroepithelial-like cells, radial glia, young and mature neurons. The samples were analyzed by both RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics and the two modalities were used to construct integrative networks in silico. This multi-omics analysis revealed significant perturbations in the polyamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthetic pathways during rosette maturation in SCZ lines. We particularly observed the downregulation of the glutamate decarboxylase encoding genes GAD1 and GAD2, as well as their protein product GAD65/67 and their biochemical product GABA in SCZ samples. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase resulted in further decrease of GABA levels suggesting a compensatory activation of the ornithine/putrescine pathway as an alternative route for GABA production. These findings indicate an imbalance of cortical excitatory/inhibitory dynamics occurring during early neurodevelopmental stages in SCZ. Our study supports the hypothesis of disruption of inhibitory circuits to be causative for SCZ and establishes a novel in silico approach that enables for integrative correlation of metabolic and transcriptomic data of psychiatric disease models.
Two-year long-term follow-up of treatment with the Optilume BPH catheter system in a randomized controlled trial for benign prostatic hyperplasia (The PINNACLE Study)
Authors: Kaplan Steven A. , Moss Jared L. , Freedman Sheldon J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient outcomes were assessed 2 years after treatment with the Optilume BPH Catheter System, a minimally invasive surgical therapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods
One-hundred forty-eight adult males with symptomatic BPH were enrolled and randomized in a 2:1 fashion to Optilume BPH or Sham (100 Optilume BPH; 48 Sham). Long-term measures include International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), Post-Void Residual Urine (PVR), quality of life measures and sexual function. Follow-up beyond one year was limited to those treated with Optilume BPH.

Results
At 2 years, 67.5% (56/83 CI 56.3%, 77.4%) of participants in the Optilume BPH arm were symptomatic responders as defined by ≥30% improvement in IPSS without medical or surgical retreatment. IPSS significantly improved from 23.4 ± 5.5 (n = 100) to 11.0 ± 7.0 (n = 74). Qmax improved by 116.8.% (8.9 ± 2.2 (n = 97) to 19.0 ± 16.3 (n = 65)), while PVR showed a slight reduction (83.7 ± 70.3 (n = 99) to 65.9 ± 74.5 (n = 65)). Improvement in uroflowmetry measures was consistent across all prostate volumes. BPH-II improved from 7.0 ± 2.9 (n = 98) to 2.3 ± 2.5 at 1 year (n = 89) and remained consistent at 2.3 ± 2.9 at the 2-years (n = 74), representing a 53.9% improvement. IPSS QoL also improved from 4.6 ± 1.3 (n = 100) at baseline to 2.2 ± 1.5 (n = 74). The most common adverse events reported in the Optilume BPH arm were hematuria and urinary tract infection (UTI). No device and/or treatment related serious adverse events were reported occurring beyond 12 months post-procedure. There was no impact to sexual function.

Conclusions
In the PINNACLE study, participants treated with the Optilume BPH Catheter System demonstrated continued and durable results at 2 years, affirming tolerability, safety, and the enduring effectiveness. The Optilume BPH Catheter System provides lasting results that are comparable to the more invasive therapies, while preserving the advantages with being a minimally invasive therapy.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04131907.
RIPK3 signaling and its role in regulated cell death and diseases
Authors: Zhou Yaqi , Xiang Yaxuan , Liu Sijie , Li Chenyao , Dong Jiaheng , Kong Xiangrui , Ji Xinying , Cheng Xiaoxia , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReceptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a member of the receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) family with serine/threonine protein kinase activity, interacts with RIPK1 to generate necrosomes, which trigger caspase-independent programmed necrosis. As a vital component of necrosomes, RIPK3 plays an indispensable role in necroptosis, which is crucial for human life and health. In addition, RIPK3 participates in the pathological process of several infections, aseptic inflammatory diseases, and tumors (including tumor-promoting and -suppressive activities) by regulating autophagy, cell proliferation, and the metabolism and production of chemokines/cytokines. This review summarizes the recent research progress of the regulators of the RIPK3 signaling pathway and discusses the potential role of RIPK3/necroptosis in the aetiopathogenesis of various diseases. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and functions of RIPK3 may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Uncertainty-biased molecular dynamics for learning uniformly accurate interatomic potentials
Authors: Zaverkin Viktor , Holzmüller David , Christiansen Henrik , Errica Federico , Alesiani Francesco , Takamoto Makoto , Niepert Mathias , Kästner Johannes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfficiently creating a concise but comprehensive data set for training machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs) is an under-explored problem. Active learning, which uses biased or unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) to generate candidate pools, aims to address this objective. Existing biased and unbiased MD-simulation methods, however, are prone to miss either rare events or extrapolative regions—areas of the configurational space where unreliable predictions are made. This work demonstrates that MD, when biased by the MLIP’s energy uncertainty, simultaneously captures extrapolative regions and rare events, which is crucial for developing uniformly accurate MLIPs. Furthermore, exploiting automatic differentiation, we enhance bias-forces-driven MD with the concept of bias stress. We employ calibrated gradient-based uncertainties to yield MLIPs with similar or, sometimes, better accuracy than ensemble-based methods at a lower computational cost. Finally, we apply uncertainty-biased MD to alanine dipeptide and MIL-53(Al), generating MLIPs that represent both configurational spaces more accurately than models trained with conventional MD.
The journey of lung cancer patients from symptoms to diagnosis in Greece. A mixed methods approach
Authors: Tsiligianni Ioanna , Christodoulakis Antonios , Monastirioti Alexia , Mavroudis Dimitrios , Agelaki Sofia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe early diagnosis of lung cancer improves the probability of successful treatment. However, patients and physicians face several difficulties that can considerably delay the diagnostic process. A mixed-methods study that would follow the patient’s journey throughout the diagnostic process could alleviate these difficulties. This study aimed to (a) track the patients’ journey from the onset of symptoms until diagnosis and, (b) explore the patients’ perspective of the journey until diagnosis, on the largest island of Greece. A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted with 94 patients with lung cancer. Patients completed a self-report questionnaire and were interviewed about their symptoms and journey through the healthcare system before their diagnosis. Our findings revealed several problems and delays in the diagnostic process. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed that patients did not recognize their symptoms and sought medical advice in time because they overlooked or attributed their symptoms to ‘simpler’/‘more common’ causes. Furthermore, most patients were diagnosed 1–3 months after their first visit to a physician for their symptoms. Qualitative data analysis revealed three broad categories of problems that delayed diagnosis: (1) physician missteps, (2) administrative problems, and (3) the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study found that major issues and delays prolong the diagnostic process for lung cancer. Therefore, optimization of diagnostic processes at each level of healthcare and interspecialty cooperation programs are needed. Furthermore, population-based interventions and patient education can help lung cancer patients be diagnosed early and improve their quality of life and disease outcomes.
Feature-selective responses in macaque visual cortex follow eye movements during natural vision
Authors: Xiao Will , Sharma Saloni , Kreiman Gabriel , Livingstone Margaret S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn natural vision, primates actively move their eyes several times per second via saccades. It remains unclear whether, during this active looking, visual neurons exhibit classical retinotopic properties, anticipate gaze shifts or mirror the stable quality of perception, especially in complex natural scenes. Here, we let 13 monkeys freely view thousands of natural images across 4.6 million fixations, recorded 883 h of neuronal responses in six areas spanning primary visual to anterior inferior temporal cortex and analyzed spatial, temporal and featural selectivity in these responses. Face neurons tracked their receptive field contents, indicated by category-selective responses. Self-consistency analysis showed that general feature-selective responses also followed eye movements and remained gaze-dependent over seconds of viewing the same image. Computational models of feature-selective responses located retinotopic receptive fields during free viewing. We found limited evidence for feature-selective predictive remapping and no viewing-history integration. Thus, ventral visual neurons represent the world in a predominantly eye-centered reference frame during natural vision.
Passive high explosive neutron inspection (PHENIX): a new method to confirm the presence or absence of high explosives for nuclear treaty verification
Authors: Chichester David L. , Johnson James T. , Hix Jay D. , Seabury Edward H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvanced instruments and methods need to be developed now to create a technical basis to support the negotiation of future nuclear arms control treaties. One new capability that is anticipated is the ability to confirm either the declared presence or declared absence of high explosive (HE) material in the presence of special nuclear material (SNM). Towards this goal, Passive HE Neutron Inspection (PHENIX) has been developed and demonstrated as a method for confirming the presence or absence of HE in the presence of plutonium. The method exploits the inherent presence of neutrons associated with the decay of plutonium as an internal probe source for performing prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA), searching for the presence of HE as revealed by the emission of characteristic gamma rays following neutron absorption in hydrogen and nitrogen which are building blocks of present-day, military-grade HE. Tests using stoichiometrically-correct hemishells of mock HE with plutonium show that a system can be expected to positively confirm the presence or absence of these signatures, supporting determination of HE presence or absence with Pu, in a few hours. To protect other potentially sensitive gamma-ray signatures from a treaty accountable item, an analog information barrier has been conceptualized and tested which physically prevents the collection of gamma-ray spectral data outside of user selected energy windows strategically chosen to view only narrow spectral regions corresponding to the hydrogen (2223.2 keV) and nitrogen (9807.2 keV, 10,318.2 keV, and 10,829.2 keV) PGNAA signatures.
Problematic social media use mediates the effect of cyberbullying victimisation on psychosomatic complaints in adolescents
Authors: Peprah Prince , Oduro Michael Safo , Atta-Osei Godfred , Addo Isaac Yeboah , Morgan Anthony Kwame , Gyasi Razak M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdolescent psychosomatic complaints remain a public health issue globally. Studies suggest that cyberbullying victimisation, particularly on social media, could heighten the risk of psychosomatic complaints. However, the mechanisms underlying the associations between cyberbullying victimisation and psychosomatic complaints remain unclear. This cross-cultural study examines the mediating effect of problematic social media use (PSMU) on the association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychosomatic complaints among adolescents in high income countries. We analysed data on adolescents aged 11–16.5 years (weighted N = 142,298) in 35 countries participating in the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Path analysis using bootstrapping technique tested the hypothesised mediating role of PSMU. Results from the sequential binary mixed effects logit models showed that adolescents who were victims of cyberbullying were 2.39 times significantly more likely to report psychosomatic complaints than those who never experienced cyberbullying (AOR = 2.39; 95%CI = 2.29, 2.49). PSMU partially mediated the association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychosomatic complaints accounting for 12% ($$\beta$$
β
= 0.01162, 95%CI = 0.0110, 0.0120) of the total effect. Additional analysis revealed a moderation effect of PSMU on the association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychosomatic complaints. Our findings suggest that while cyberbullying victimisation substantially influences psychosomatic complaints, the association is partially explained by PSMU. Policy and public health interventions for cyberbullying-related psychosomatic complaints in adolescents should target safe social media use.
Construction of ecological network in Qujing city based on MSPA and MCR models
Authors: Qin Ji-zheng , Dai Ji-ping , Li Song-hui , Zhang Jia-zhen , Peng Jian-song 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization, ecological patches within cities and towns are fragmented and ecological corridors are cut off, regional ecological security is threatened and sustainable development is hindered. Building an ecological network that conforms to regional realities can connect fragmented patches, protect biodiversity and regional characteristics, and provide scientific reference for regional ecological protection and ecological network planning. By taking Qilin District, the main urban area of Qujing City as an example, and using geospatial data as the main data source, based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR), this study identified ecological source areas, extracted ecological corridors, and build & optimize ecological networks. (1) All landscape types are identified based on MSPA, the proportion of core area was the highest among all landscape types, which was 80.69%, combined with the connectivity evaluation, 14 important ecological source areas were selected. (2) 91 potential ecological corridors were extracted through MCR and gravity models, there were 16 important ones. (3) The network connectivity analysis method is used to calculate the α, β, and γ indexes of the ecological network before optimization, which were 2.36, 6.5, and 2.53, while after optimization, α, β and γ indices were 3.8, 9.5 and 3.5, respectively. The combined application of MSPA-MCR model and ecological network connectivity analysis evaluation is conducive to improving the structure and functionality of ecological network.
SGLT2i impact on HCC incidence in patients with fatty liver disease and diabetes: a nation-wide cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Cho Hyo Jung , Lee Eunyoung , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cancer development, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in individuals with concomitant fatty liver disease (FLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Using data from Korea's Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we performed Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2DM (NAFLD-T2DM cohort) and those with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) alongside FLD and T2DM (FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort). In the propensity score (PS) matched NAFLD-T2DM cohort (N = 107,972), SGLT2i use was not associated with the occurrence of overall cancer, including HCC. However, old age, male sex, liver cirrhosis, and hypothyroidism were identified as independent risk factors for HCC occurrence, whereas statin and fibrate usage were associated with reduced HCC risk in this cohort in multivariate Cox analysis. In the PS-matched FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort (N = 2798), a significant decrease in HCC occurrence was observed among SGLT2i users (P = 0.03). This finding remained consistent in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–4.85, P = 0.048). In conclusion, SGLT2i may be a beneficial option for diabetes management in patients with concomitant T2DM, FLD, and CVH while affirming the overall safety of SGLT2i in other types of cancer.
Formation and energetics of head-to-head and tail-to-tail domain walls in hafnium zirconium oxide
Authors: Paul Tanmoy Kumar , Saha Atanu Kumar , Gupta Sumeet Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract180$$^\circ$$∘domains walls (DWs) of head-to-head/tail-to-tail (H–H/T–T) type in ferroelectric (FE) materials are of immense interest for a comprehensive understanding of the FE attributes as well as harnessing them for new applications. Our first principles calculation suggests that such DW formation in hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) based FEs depends on the unique attributes of the HZO unit cell, such as polar-spacer segmentation. Cross pattern of the polar and spacer segments in two neighboring domains along the polarization direction (where polar segment of one domain aligns with the spacer segment of another) boosts the stability of such DWs. We further show that low density of oxygen vacancies at the metal-HZO interface and high work function of metal electrodes are conducive for T–T DW formation. On the other hand, high density of oxygen vacancy and low work function of metal electrode favor H–H DW formation. Polarization bound charges at the DW get screened when band bending from depolarization field accumulates holes (electrons) in T–T (H–H) DW. For a comprehensive understanding, we also investigate their FE nature and domain growth mechanism. Our analysis suggests that a minimum thickness criterion of domains has to be satisfied for the stability of H–H/T–T DW and switching of the domains through such DW formation.