bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic characteristics and the influence of reference velocities of phase‐shift‐plus‐interpolation and extended‐split‐step‐Fourier migration methods
Authors: Chen Jing‐Bo , Du Shu‐Yuan 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe phase‐shift‐plus‐interpolation and extended‐split‐step‐Fourier methods are wavefield‐continuation algorithms for seismic migration imaging. These two methods can be applied to regions with complex geological structures. Based on their unified separable formulas, we show that these two methods have the same kinematic characteristics by using the theory of pseudodifferential operators. Numerical tests on a Marmousi model demonstrate this conclusion. Another important aspect of these two methods is the selection of reference velocities and we explore the influence of the selection of reference velocities by comparing the geometric progression method and the statistical method. We show that the geometric progression method is simple but does not take into account the velocity distribution while the statistical approach is relatively complex but reflects the velocity distribution.
Continuous wavelet transform, theoretical aspects and application to aeromagnetic data at the Huanghua Depression, Dagang Oilfield, China
Authors: Yang Yushan , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Tianyou 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTWe use the continuous wavelet transform based on complex Morlet wavelets, which has been developed to estimate the source distribution of potential fields. For magnetic anomalies of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other in space and wavenumber, making the identification of magnetic sources problematic. Therefore, a scale normalization factor, a−n, is introduced on the wavelet coefficients to improve resolution in the scalogram. By theoretical modelling, we set up an approximate linear relationship between the pseudo‐wavenumber and source depth. The influences of background field, random noise and magnetization inclination on the continuous wavelet transform of magnetic anomalies are also discussed and compared with the short‐time Fourier transform results.Synthetic examples indicate that the regional trend has little effect on our method, while the influence of random noise is mainly imposed on shallower sources with higher wavenumbers. The source horizontal position will be affected by the change of magnetization direction, whereas the source depth remains unchanged. After discussing the performance of our method by showing the results of various synthetic tests, we use this method on the aeromagnetic data of the Huanghua depression in central China to define the distribution of volcanic rocks. The spectrum slices in different scales are used to determine horizontal positions of volcanic rocks and their source depths are estimated from the modulus maxima of complex coefficients, which is in good accordance with drilling results.
Developments in vibrator control
Authors: Boucard D. , Ollivrin G. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTHydraulic limitations, non‐rigidity of the baseplate as well as variable characteristics of the ground constantly distort the downgoing energy output by vibrators. Therefore, a real time feedback control must be performed to continuously adjust the emitted force to the reference pilot signal. This ground force is represented by the weighted sum of the reaction mass and the baseplate accelerations. It was first controlled with an amplitude and phase locked loop system, poorly reactive and sensitive to noise. Later on, new vibrator electronics based on a digital model of the vibrator were introduced. This model is based on the physical equations of the vibrator and of the ground. During an ‘identification’ process, the model is adjusted to each particular vibrator. Completed by a Kalman adaptive filter to remove the noise, it computes ten estimated states via a linear quadratic estimator. These states are used by a linear quadratic control to compute the torque motor input and to compare the ground force estimated from the states with the pilot signal. Test results using downhole geophones demonstrate the benefit of filtered mode operation.
Reflection point sideslip and smear in imaging below dipping anisotropic media
Authors: Vestrum Rob , Lawton Don 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTDipping anisotropic clastic strata are ubiquitous in fold and thrust belts. Geological structures below these strata will be mispositioned laterally and vertically on seismic images if we do not properly correct for seismic anisotropy during migration. The magnitude of this lateral mispositioning of a target structure varies with source‐receiver offset, so reflection points will be smeared in the final stacked image. Raytracing demonstrates the lateral‐position and smear phenomena when imaging structures below tilted transversely isotropic media. Analysis of the raytracing results predicts the quantity of lateral‐position error and reflection‐point smear on a seismic image. We created numerical‐model seismic data to show reflection‐point smear on synthetic seismic images and to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions from raytracing.
Clinicopathological characteristics of primary gastric T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kawamoto Kenichiro , Nakamura Shotaro , Iwashita Akinori , Watanabe Jiro , Oshiro Yumi , Nakayama Yoshifuku , Nimura Satoshi , Kimura Nobuhiro , Aoyagi Kunihiko , Yao Takashi , Kuramochi Shigeru , Matsuyama Atsuji , Kurihara Kenji , Ohshima Koichi , Takeshita Morishige 
Published: November 2009

Aims:  To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of 20 primary gastric T‐cell lymphoma (GTCL) cases without human T‐lymphotropic virus type I infection in Japan, a non‐endemic area for coeliac disease.Methods and results:  Fifteen cases had no history of persistent diarrhoea or severe hypoproteinaemia. Histologically, 13 cases (65%) consisted of large cell lymphoma and seven (35%) were of medium‐sized cells. Intraepithelial lymphoma cell invasion was found in three cases (15%). Two of 10 surgical cases (20%) showed intramucosal tumour cell spreading with enteropathy‐like features. Helicobacter pylori CagA gene was detected in three of 10 cases (30%). The lymphoma cells of all 20 cases were positive for CD3 and/or TCRβF1 and negative for CD56. CD4− and CD8− lymphoma was found in 11 cases (55%), CD4+ lymphoma in seven (35%) and CD8+ lymphoma in two (10%). CD30+, CD5+ and CD25+ lymphomas were detected in nine (45%), 10 (50%) and 11 (55%) cases, respectively. Five‐year survival of the 16 available cases was 54%. Early clinical stage and medium‐sized cell lymphoma were significantly (P < 0.05) better prognostic factors.Conclusions:  Patients with GTCL exhibit distinct clinicopathological findings and prognoses from those with enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphomas. GTCL may be mainly derived from lamina propria and parafollicular T cells.
The Francisella tularensis pathogenicity island encodes a secretion system that is required for phagosome escape and virulence
Authors: Barker Jeffrey R. , Chong Audrey , Wehrly Tara D. , Yu Jieh‐Juen , Rodriguez Stephen A. , Liu Jirong , Celli Jean , Arulanandam Bernard P. , Klose Karl E. 
Published: December 2009

Summary Francisella tularensis causes the human disease tularemia. F. tularensis is able to survive and replicate within macrophages, a trait that has been correlated with its high virulence, but it is unclear the exact mechanism(s) this organism uses to escape killing within this hostile environment. F. tularensis virulence is dependent upon the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI), a cluster of genes that we show here shares homology with type VI secretion gene clusters in Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrate that two FPI proteins, VgrG and IglI, are secreted into the cytosol of infected macrophages. VgrG and IglI are required for F. tularensis phagosomal escape, intramacrophage growth, inflammasome activation and virulence in mice. Interestingly, VgrG secretion does not require the other FPI genes. However, VgrG and other FPI genes, including PdpB (an IcmF homologue), are required for the secretion of IglI into the macrophage cytosol, suggesting that VgrG and other FPI factors are components of a secretion system. This is the first report of F. tularensis FPI virulence proteins required for intramacrophage growth that are translocated into the macrophage.
The CsdA cysteine desulphurase promotes Fe/S biogenesis by recruiting Suf components and participates to a new sulphur transfer pathway by recruiting CsdL (ex‐YgdL), a ubiquitin‐modifying‐like protein
Authors: Trotter Valentine , Vinella Daniel , Loiseau Laurent , De Choudens Sandrine Ollagnier , Fontecave Marc , Barras Frédéric 
Published: December 2009

SummaryCysteine desulphurases are primary sources of sulphur that can eventually be used for Fe/S biogenesis or thiolation of various cofactors and tRNA. Escherichia coli contains three such enzymes, IscS, SufS and CsdA. The importance of IscS and SufS in Fe/S biogenesis is well established. The physiological role of CsdA in contrast remains uncertain. We provide here additional evidences for a functional redundancy between the three cysteine desulphurases in vivo. In particular, we show that a deficiency in isoprenoid biosynthesis is the unique cause of the lethality of the iscS sufS mutant. Moreover, we show that CsdA is engaged in two separate sulphur transfer pathways. In one pathway, CsdA interacts functionally with SufE–SufBCD proteins to assist Fe/S biogenesis. In another pathway, CsdA interacts with CsdE and a newly discovered protein, which we called CsdL, resembling E1‐like proteins found in ubiquitin‐like modification systems. We propose this new pathway to allow synthesis of an as yet to be discovered thiolated compound.
The xenobiotic β‐aminobutyric acid enhances Arabidopsis thermotolerance
Authors: Zimmerli Laurent , Hou Bi‐Huei , Tsai Chia‐Hong , Jakab Gabor , Mauch‐Mani Brigitte , Somerville Shauna 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe non‐protein amino acid β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) primes Arabidopsis to respond more quickly and strongly to pathogen and osmotic stress. Here, we report that BABA also significantly enhances acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. This thermotolerance was dependent on heat shock protein 101, a critical component of the normal heat‐shock response. BABA did not enhance basal thermotolerance under a severe heat‐shock treatment. No roles for the hormones ethylene and salicylic acid in BABA‐induced acquired thermotolerance were identified by mutant analysis. Using global gene expression analysis, transcript levels for several transcription factors and DNA binding proteins regulating responses to the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were found to be elevated in BABA‐treated plants compared with water‐treated plants. The role of ABA in BABA‐induced thermotolerance was complex. BABA‐enhanced thermotolerance was partially compromised in the ABA‐insensitive mutant, abi1‐1, but was augmented in abi2‐1. In an unrelated process, BABA, like ABA, inhibited root growth, and the level of inhibition was roughly additive in roots treated with both compounds. Root growth of both abi1‐1 and abi2‐1 was also inhibited by BABA. Unexpectedly, abi1‐1 and abi2‐1 root growth was inhibited more strongly by combined ABA and BABA treatments than by BABA alone. Our results, together with previously published data, suggest that BABA is a general enhancer of plant stress resistance, and that cross‐talk occurs between BABA and ABA signalling cascades. Specifically, the BABA‐mediated accumulation of ABA transcription factors without concomitant activation of a downstream ABA response could represent one component of the BABA‐primed state in Arabidopsis.
Bmi‐1 is critical for the proliferation and invasiveness of gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yan , Tan Yehui , Ma Kewei , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Bmi‐1 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the Polycomb group and is associated with the cell proliferation and carcinogenesis of a variety of human cancers. The level of Bmi‐1 expression correlates with the aggressiveness of many cancers, and is considered an important marker for cancer diagnosis. However, its role in gastric carcinoma is unknown.Methods:  We used lentiviral mediated interfering short hairpin RNA to knockdown Bmi‐1 expression in gastric carcinoma human gastric cancer cell line (AGS cells), then tested the cell proliferation by MTT assay, rate of colony formation by colony formation assay, cell cycle distribution by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and cell invasiveness by cell invasion assay. To analyze the expression and localization of Bmi‐1 in gastric tumor tissues, we further performed the immunohistochemistry analysis on a gastric cancer tissue array.Results:  We found that knocking down Bmi‐1 led to slower cell growth, lesser cell invasiveness, decelerated colony formation, and altered cell cycle progression. In addition, a positive relationship between nuclear expression of Bmi‐1 and gastric cancer was observed, suggesting that nucleus localization of Bmi‐1 in the cells may be a novel marker of gastric cancer.Conclusions:  Our study highlights critical roles for Bmi‐1 in gastric cancer, and suggests that Bmi‐1 nuclear localization could be an important marker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Fluorescence optical fibre sensor provides accurate continuous oxygen detection in rabbit model with acute lung injury
Authors: WANG Yuehong , MENG Sheng , SONG Yuanlin , ZHONG Wei , JIANG Jinjun , CHEN Shujing , BAI Chunxue 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Continuous monitoring of PaO2 in seriously ill patients is an important aspect of clinical management, especially for patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome. We have developed a fibreoptic sensor to detect PaO2in vivo based on fluorescence quenching technology. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of this sensor in monitoring PaO2 in a rabbit model with ALI.Methods:  The oxygen sensor is a membrane made of Ru(dpp)3(PF6)2, poly‐2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and butylmethacylate copolymer p‐(MPC‐co‐BMA) located at the tip of the optical fibre. The sensor was inserted into the carotid artery of the animals and monitored PaO2 continuously. Oleic acid was intravenously injected to induce lung injury. Simultaneous comparisons were made between PaO2 measured by blood gas analysis and PaO2 measured by the fibreoptic sensor, both before and after lung injury.Results:  The fluorescence intensity decreased gradually following ALI, reflecting increasing hypoxia. Correlation coefficients between measurements by the oxygen sensor and by the blood gas analysis were 0.995 ± 0.003, 0.994 ± 0.002 and 0.993 ± 0.005 (P < 0.05) for control animals, animals with ALI and animals with electrolyte disturbance, respectively. The bias and precision for normal animals was −1.5 ± 10.8 mm Hg, for animals with ALI was −1.2 ± 11.2 mm Hg and for animals with electrolyte disturbance was −1.4 ± 9.2 mm Hg.Conclusions:  The oxygen sensor showed high accuracy and stability for continuous monitoring of PaO2 in normal animals, in animals with ALI and in animals with electrolyte disturbance, suggesting that it may be clinically useful in the continuous measurement of oxygen partial pressure.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the uterine cervix expressing both S‐100 protein and HMB‐45
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Chung Dong‐Hae , Park Chan Yong , Ha Seung Yeon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 50‐year‐old woman presented with a large cervical polypoid mass. Grossly, the mass occupied a substantial proportion of the cervical canal, measuring 6 cm. Histologically, the mass showed a spindle cell malignancy arranged in large fascicles that penetrated deeply into the fibromuscular wall of the cervix. The spindle cells were immunoreactive for both S‐100 protein and HMB‐45 antigen, but were negative for Melan‐A. Electron microscopy showed that cytoplasmic processes of the spindle to oval tumor cells contained microtubules and were lined by basal lamina and abundant intercellular collagen spacing with no melanosomes in any stage. As far as we are aware, this is the ninth reported case of cervical malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), and the second reported case of MPNST expressing HMB‐45 antigen.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in early pregnancy: An unusual presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Hanprasertpong Tharangrut , Hanprasertpong Jitti , Riabroi Kittipong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCerebral venous sinus thrombosis, an unusual presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome, is a rare condition in pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. The authors of this case report present the case of a 20‐year‐old woman with sudden onset of headaches and hemiparesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. She underwent a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The image findings and the autoimmune serum test were consistent with a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by primary antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient's hemiparesis improved with subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin and oral aspirin. In the third trimester of pregnancy, she developed seizures that were controlled by antiepileptic drugs. She delivered a healthy baby at 37 weeks' gestation without immediate or late postpartum complications.
Phenotype–environment mismatches reduce connectivity in the sea
Authors: Marshall D. J. , Monro K. , Bode M. , Keough M. J. , Swearer S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe connectivity of marine populations is often surprisingly lower than predicted by the dispersal capabilities of propagules alone. Estimates of connectivity, moreover, do not always scale with distance and are sometimes counterintuitive. Population connectivity requires more than just the simple exchange of settlers among populations: it also requires the successful establishment and reproduction of exogenous colonizers. Marine organisms often disperse over large spatial scales, encountering very different environments and suffering extremely high levels of post‐colonization mortality. Given the growing evidence that such selection pressures often vary over spatial scales that are much smaller than those of dispersal, we argue that selection will bias survival against exogenous colonizers. We call this selection against exogenous colonizers a phenotype–environment mismatch and argue that phenotype–environment mismatches represent an important barrier to connectivity in the sea. Crucially, these mismatches may operate independently of distance and thereby have the potential to explain the counterintuitive patterns of connectivity often seen in marine environments. We discuss how such mismatches might alter our understanding and management of marine populations.Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 128–140
ChartingMémoriale: Paradigmatic Analysis and Harmonic Schemata in Boulez's ... explosante‐fixe ...
Authors: Goldman Jonathan 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPierre Boulez's 1985 composition Mémoriale (... explosante‐fixe ... originel), for flute and eight other instruments, is in many ways typical of the composer's later style, for instance encompassing highly thematic writing, an accompanimental texture which might be likened to ‘unplugged’ electronics, segmentation into clear harmonic fields and transparent formal articulation. Following a paradigmatic analysis of the flute part (which derives from the application of a software tool developed in part by the author at IRCAM), this article addresses the salient features of the work through a series of explanatory charts. A fundamental distinction drawn between polar notes and appoggiatura embellishment subsequently exposes a relatively uncomplicated harmonic structure based on six transpositions of a basic six‐note cell. Additional examination of durational structure in turn reveals an underlying compositional system firmly rooted in the serial tradition.
Homoeologous recombination in allopolyploids: the polyploid ratchet
Authors: Gaeta Robert T. , Chris Pires J. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPolyploidization and recombination are two important processes driving evolution through the building and reshaping of genomes. Allopolyploids arise from hybridization and chromosome doubling among distinct, yet related species. Polyploids may display novel variation relative to their progenitors, and the sources of this variation lie not only in the acquisition of extra gene dosages, but also in the genomic changes that occur after divergent genomes unite. Genomic changes (deletions, duplications, and translocations) have been detected in both recently formed natural polyploids and resynthesized polyploids. In resynthesizedBrassica napusallopolyploids, there is evidence that many genetic changes are the consequence of homoeologous recombination. Homoeologous recombination can generate novel gene combinations and phenotypes, but may also destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior and reduced fertility. Thus, natural selection plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of fertile natural allopolyploids that have stabilized chromosome inheritance and a few advantageous chromosomal rearrangements. We discuss the evidence for genome rearrangements that result from homoeologous recombination in resynthesizedB. napusand how these observations may inform phenomena such as chromosome replacement, aneuploidy, non‐reciprocal translocations and gene conversion seen in other polyploids.
Leisure activity preferences for 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children with cerebral palsy
Authors: MAJNEMER ANNETTE , SHIKAKO‐THOMAS KEIKO , CHOKRON NATHALIE , LAW MARY , SHEVELL MICHAEL , CHILINGARYAN GEVORG , POULIN CHANTAL , ROSENBAUM PETER 
Published: December 2009

Aim  The objective was to describe leisure activity preferences of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their relationship to participation. Factors associated with greater interest in leisure activities were identified.Method  Fifty‐five school‐aged children (36 males, 19 females; mean age 9y 11mo; range 6y 1mo–12y 11mo) with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]) level I 62%, level II 22%, level III–IV 16%; 33.3% hemiplegia, 29.6% diplegia, 25.9% quadriplegia, 11.2% other) who could complete the Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC) were recruited.Results  Social and recreational activities were most preferred, and self‐improvement activities were least preferred. Younger age, higher motivation, and IQ predicted interest in active–physical activities (r2=0.39). Negative reaction to failure was associated with less preference for social activities (r2=0.16), whereas increased prosocial behaviours were related to greater preference for recreational (r2=0.13) and self‐improvement activities; the latter is also predicted by older age (r2=0.24). Interest in skill‐based activities was greater in females and in children who were highly motivated, younger, and had greater motor limitations (r2=0.51). The findings suggest that personal factors and functional abilities influence leisure activity preferences. High preference for certain activities was not always associated with involvement in these activities.Interpretation  Determination of preferences is inherent to child‐centred practice and should, therefore, be part of the evaluation process. Rehabilitation strategies can minimize barriers to leisure participation, such as fear of failure, low motivation, or environmental obstacles.