bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcavity effects in ensembles of silicon quantum dots coupled to high‐Q resonators
Authors: Bianucci Pablo , Zhi Yanyan , Marsiglio Frank , Silverstone Josh , Meldrum Al 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMicrocavities can be used to control the spectral properties of ensembles of quantum dots. In this work, spherical microcavities with quality (Q) factors as high as 3 × 108 in air were coated with a layer of fluorescent silicon quantum dots. After coating, the transmission Q factors decreased to approximately 106 or slightly lower, while the luminescence Q‐factors (QPL) reached a maximum of ∼4000. While these are the highest QPL values yet reported for Si QDs, QPL was always orders of magnitude lower than the intrinsic cavity Q. One reason for the difference has its origin in the quantum dot emission linewidth, which is associated only with the QPL and not with the cold cavity (intrinsic) Q. Essentially, the Q factor in luminescence experiments arises from the spontaneous emission rate enhancements or suppressions experienced by the dot in the cavity. We developed a general model to calculate the luminescence spectrum and decay dynamics for an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of quantum dots with arbitrary emission linewidths weakly coupled to an optical cavity. Using this model and comparing it with experiment, we show that the respective values of the luminescence quality factors and the cold cavity quality factors can be used to determine an effective quantum dot emission linewidth without the need for single particle spectroscopy. In the case of Si quantum dots, the room temperature emission linewidth may be as small as a few meV at room temperature.
The magnetic and structural properties of Co2MnSi Heusler alloy thin films on the orientation of Ge substrate
Authors: Nahid M. A. I. , Oogane M. , Naganuma H. , Ando Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe structural and magnetic properties of Co2MnSi films on different oriented n‐Ge substrates were compared. The orientation of the substrates changed the growth of the film. Therefore, a significant change of magnetization of Co2MnSi films was noticed depending on the orientation of the Ge substrates.
Accelerating GW calculations with optimal polarizability basis
Authors: Umari P. , Qian X. , Marzari N. , Stenuit G. , Giacomazzi L. , Baroni S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present a method for accelerating GW quasi‐particle (QP) calculations. This is achieved through the introduction of optimal basis sets for representing polarizability matrices. First the real‐space products of Wannier like orbitals are constructed and then optimal basis sets are obtained through singular value decomposition. Our method is validated by calculating the vertical ionization energies of the benzene molecule and the band structure of crystalline silicon. Its potentialities are illustrated by calculating the QP spectrum of a model structure of vitreous silica. Finally, we apply our method for studying the electronic structure properties of a model of quasi‐stoichiometric amorphous silicon nitride and of its point defects.
SiO2 in density functional theory and beyond
Authors: Martin‐Samos L. , Bussi G. , Ruini A. , Molinari E. , Caldas M. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present the first‐principle electronic structure calculation on an amorphous material including many‐body corrections within the GW approximation. We show that the inclusion of the local field effects in the exchange–correlation potential is crucial to quantitatively describe amorphous systems and defect states. We show that the mobility gap of amorphous silica coincides with the band gap of quartz, contrary to the traditional picture and the densityfunctional theory results.
Electrostatic interactions between charged defects in supercells
Authors: Freysoldt Christoph , Neugebauer Jörg , Van de Walle Chris G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMost theoretical calculations for point defects employ the supercell approach. The supercell consists of a few dozen or 100 atoms of the bulk material with a single defect, and is subject to periodic boundary conditions. However, the large density and periodic arrangement of the defects introduce artifacts. They need to be corrected for to extrapolate to the isolated‐defect limit. This is particularly important for electrostatic interactions between charged defects, which decay only very slowly (asymptotically like L−1) with increasing supercell lattice constant L. In this paper, we summarize the underlying electrostatics in condensed matter. A novel defect scheme is derived from this analysis. It overcomes limitations of previous schemes with respect to applicability, systematic improvement, and formal justification. Good performance is demonstrated for vacancies in diamond and GaAs.
Growth Process of Goss Grains during Secondary Recrystallization of Grain‐oriented Electrical Steels
Authors: Mao W. , Guo W. , Li Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe coarsening behaviour of Goss grains in grain oriented electrical steel during annealing after cold rolling was investigated. The results show that the coarsening resistance of fine second phase particles was reduced inside the surface grains. This induced particle coarsening and the reduction of particle density. The reduction of particle density was grain orientation dependent because of the elastic anisotropy of ferrite. Experimental results also revealed that some small surface Goss grains exhibited higher particle density than their neighbouring grains. This may account for the higher coarsening resistance of fine particles and be responsible for the stronger pinning effect on the migration of grain boundaries. Therefore, these Goss grains may have grown at the expense of smaller neighbouring grains and most were very unlikely to be consumed by large neighbouring grains during secondary recrystallization annealing. When their sizes became even larger, they consumed the large grains in turn and consequently formed a strong Goss texture.
Computational Thermodynamic Study of Inclusions Formation in the Continuous Casting of SAE 8620 Steel
Authors: Bielefeldt W. V. , Vilela A. C. F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe general purpose of this work is a thermodynamic study of non‐metallic inclusions in the CC tundish for SAE 8620 steel. Specific purposes are: (1) Obtaining the phases formed and their composition in inclusions by applying computational thermodynamics for SAE 8620 steel; (2) Establishing conditions of steel composition for the improvement of SAE 8620 castability, including the plant validation in terms of the castability index. Thermodynamic studies were performed with the commercial software FactSage and databases. Simulations were carried out by the global chemical composition of SAE 8620 steel in the CC tundish, resulting in both steel composition and non‐metallic inclusions (oxides and sulphides) at the desired temperature. Furthermore, results showed both different solid oxides and liquid phase formation in inclusions by varying calcium content in the steel. Thus, it was possible to determine the inclusion composition as a function of aluminium and calcium content of SAE 8620 steel, and moreover, to establish a range of calcium content in which the inclusions are predominantly formed by liquid phase. In addition, the percentages of liquid and solid phase in inclusions, as well as, oxide compositions could be calculated.
Numerical Evaluation of Blast Furnace Performance under Top Gas Recycling and Lower Temperature Operation
Authors: Chu M. , Yagi J.‐I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe new process of top gas recycling by hot reducing gas (HRG) injection has been developed in this study in order to overcome the disadvantageous problems under the lower temperature operation, to enhance the utilization of top gas carbon and to reduce carbon dioxide emission of blast furnaces. Numerical evaluation of blast furnace top gas recirculation together with lower‐temperature operation was performed by means of a multi‐fluid blast furnace model. The simulation results show that, (1) under the lower temperature operation, the shaft injection, or simultaneous shaft and tuyere injection of hot reducing gas is effective to increase the heat supply and to enrich the reduction atmosphere in the shaft zone, to improve the reduction of iron burdens, and enhance the efficiency of the shaft zone. (2) If top gas is recirculated by HRG on the basis of lower temperature operation, a highly efficient low‐carbon blast furnace is obtained. The productivity of the furnace shows a remarkable increase and the total reducing agent rate shows a considerable decrease. Furthermore, the top gas carbon utilization is enhanced and the carbon dioxide emission rate is lowered. (3) Generally, shaft efficiency, carbon emission and heat efficiency under simultaneous tuyere and shaft injection are comparatively better than in the other two methods of single injection.
Deformation Analysis for the Rotary Draw Bending Process of Circular Tubes: Stress Distribution and Wall Thinning
Authors: Daxin E. , Liu Yafei , Feng Huaibei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRotary draw bending is a CNC tube bending process widely used in industry. Compared with pure bending, rotary draw bending involves a much more complex loading condition. In addition to the bending moment, an axial force is generated in the process even if no drawing force is externally applied. Taking this axial force into account, this paper presents an analysis of tube bending. The stress distribution and wall thinning are calculated. Calculations are compared with experimental and numerical results and a good agreement is shown.
Comparison of Tearing Energy of Interstitial‐Free (IF) and Low‐Carbon (LC) Steel Sheets
Authors: Askariani A. , Mahmudi R. , Pishbin M.H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTearing energies of interstitial‐free (IF) and low‐carbon (LC) steel sheets, having different mechanical characteristics, were studied by the multiple tensile testing (MTT) method. The results showed that while plastic deformation energy was primarily controlled by the strain hardening exponent, tearing energy was directly related to the neck breadth parameter, which depends on the strain hardening, terminus strain rate sensitivity, and plastic anisotropy of the tested sheets. It was found that IF steel with lower strength and higher uniform elongation exhibits higher plastic deformation energy and lower tearing energy than the LC steel. The correlation between tearing energy and mechanical properties of the materials were analysed. The tearing energies obtained for the LC sheets were comparable to those of mild steel sheets reported in the literature.
Recovery of Chromium from AOD‐Converter Slags
Authors: Adamczyk B. , Brenneis R. , Adam C. , Mudersbach D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSlags from the production of high‐alloyed steel contain both chemically bound chromium (mainly as Cr2O3) in the mineral fraction and elemental chromium in the metallic remainders. Thermochemical post treatment of the slag in an electric arc furnace under reducing conditions enables the nearly complete recovery of the total amount of chromium in form of a metallic alloy. The best results were achieved by resistance melting (submerged electrodes) with addition of a reducing agent into the melt. The efficiencies of the reducing agents carbon, aluminium, silicon (as ferrosilicon) and silicon carbide were investigated and compared. As aluminium is the strongest reducing agent, it is less selective and reduces much more SiO2 than Cr2O3. While SiC shows only low reactivity because of its high thermal resistance, carbon and silicon had the highest reducing potentials: More than 97% of the chemically bound chromium can be recovered by application of these reducing agents. Due to the high temperature required for the reduction of the chromium compounds, the reduction of SiO2 as an undesired side reaction cannot be avoided. However, compared with mechanical procedures that are limited to the recovery of the metallic remainders, the total chromium recovery can be significantly increased by the described reductive melting procedure.
Design methods of integral‐lift tubular steel scaffolds for high‐rise building construction
Authors: Yue F. , Li G. Q. , Yuan Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the design and calculation methods of integral‐lift scaffolds under condition of operating, climbing up/down and falling. Dead loads, construction live loads and wind loads for integral‐lift scaffolds are given in this paper. The key factors such as additional load factor κ are introduced and defined for recommendation as well. Load and resistance factor design method based on probability theory is introduced for the design of the main load‐bearing structures. Herein, the additional partial safety factor of material strength γ′m is introduced specifically for scaffolding frames which are often frequently reused under poor outdoor conditions. Some important checking methods proposed specifically for integral‐lift scaffolds such as checking of anti‐slide strength of couplers and anti‐overturning analyses are also presented. Meanwhile, allowable strength design method is suggested in the design of the lifting equipments, suspending rods and slings. The proposed methods in this paper will be useful guidelines for safe design of integral‐lift scaffolds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter optimization and structural design of tuned mass damper for shanghai centre tower
Authors: Lu Xilin , Chen Junru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith a height of 632 m, Shanghai centre tower (SHC), located in Lujiazui district of Shanghai, will be the highest building in China. A tuned mass damper (TMD) system will be set in the upper part to control the structural wind‐induced response. The optimum control parameters of TMD were obtained through different optimization cases of TMD system parameters for wind vibration control. Then, Based on the conceptual design of SHC TMD system, theoretical analysis and formula derivation of dual pendulum systems, which is an improved form of traditional pendulum systems, was carried out, and the fundamental design method and process of dual pendulum systems is proposed in the paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and behaviour of a reinforced concrete high‐rise tube building with belt walls
Authors: Shin Myoungsu , Kang Thomas H.‐K. , LaFave James M. , Grossman Jacob S. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThis paper discusses modelling, analysis and design issues for a 55‐storey hotel building recently planned for New York City, USA. The lateral force resistance of the investigated building primarily makes use of exterior reinforced concrete shear walls in one direction and exterior reinforced concrete moment frames in the other direction, in which tube action credited to the connection of the walls and frames was designed to play a significant role in the lateral stiffness and strength. In addition, a full‐storey belt wall system, enclosing the entire perimeter of the building at approximately the mid‐height, is expected to provide a considerable contribution to the lateral force resistance. In this paper, the contribution of tube action and the belt wall system to structural behaviour is investigated in terms of quantitative measures such as lateral drift, building dynamic properties and flange frame contribution to overturning moment resistance. In addition, axial force distribution among the various vertical members under lateral forces is discussed for each of the two principal building directions. Finally, the seismic behaviour of the investigated building is qualitatively discussed in order to propose a seismic force‐resisting system classification into which this concrete tube system would fit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cs10Tl6SiO4, Cs10Tl6GeO4, and Cs10Tl6SnO3 – First Oxotetrelate Thallides, Double Salts Containing “Hypoelectronic” [Tl6]6– Clusters
Authors: Saltykov Vyacheslav , Nuss Jürgen , Jansen Martin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCs10Tl6TtO4 (Tt = Si, Ge) and Cs10Tl6SnO3 were synthesized by the reaction of appropriate starting materials at 623–673 K, followed by fast cooling or quenching to room temperature, in arc‐welded tantalum ampoules. According to single‐crystal X‐ray analyses, the compounds crystallize in new structure types (Cs10Tl6TtO4 (Tt = Si, Ge), P21/c and Cs10Tl6SnO3, Pnma), consisting of [Tl6]6– clusters, which can be characterized as distorted octahedra compressed along one of the fourfold axes of an originally unperturbed octahedron, and [SiO4]4–, [GeO4]4– or [SnO3]4– anions. The oxotetrelate thallides can be regarded as “double salts”, which consist of Cs6Tl6 on one side and respective oxosilicates, ‐germanates and ‐stannates on the other, showing almost not any direct interaction between the two anionic moieties, as might be expressed e.g. by the formula [Cs6Tl6][Cs4SiO4]. In contrast to the silicon and germanium compounds, where the oxidation state of the tetrel atom is unambiguously 4+, for the threefold coordinated tin atom in Cs10Tl6SnO3 an oxidation state of 2+ has to be assumed. Thus, the latter reveal further evidence that the so called “hypoelectronic” [Tl6]6– cluster does not require additional electrons and is intrinsically stable. The distortion of [Tl6]6– can be understood in terms of the Jahn–Teller theorem. According to magnetic measurements all title compounds are diamagnetic.
From genes to ecosystems: a genetic basis to ecosystem services
Authors: Bailey Joseph K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEcosystems provide services, many of which are regulated through species interactions. Emerging research in the fields of community and ecosystem genetics indicate that genetic variation in one species can influence species interactions and affect subsequent patterns of energy flow and nutrient cycles. Because there can be a genetic basis to community‐ and ecosystem‐level processes, evolutionary processes that alter standing genetic variation can have extended consequences that matter to patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function that exist on the landscape. Here we explore some emerging areas of research in the field of community and ecosystem genetics and discuss the general importance of this approach to evolutionary ecology.
Spam filtering: how the dimensionality reduction affects the accuracy of Naive Bayes classifiers
Authors: Almeida Tiago A. , Almeida Jurandy , Yamakami Akebo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
E-mail spam has become an increasingly important problem with a big economic impact in society. Fortunately, there are different approaches allowing to automatically detect and remove most of those messages, and the best-known techniques are based on Bayesian decision theory. However, such probabilistic approaches often suffer from a well-known difficulty: the high dimensionality of the feature space. Many term-selection methods have been proposed for avoiding the curse of dimensionality. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the performance of Naive Bayes spam filters depends on the scheme applied for reducing the dimensionality of the feature space. In this paper, we study the performance of many term-selection techniques with several different models of Naive Bayes spam filters. Our experiments were diligently designed to ensure statistically sound results. Moreover, we perform an analysis concerning the measurements usually employed to evaluate the quality of spam filters. Finally, we also investigate the benefits of using the Matthews correlation coefficient as a measure of performance.
n-6 Fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ramsden Christopher E. , Hibbeln Joseph R. , Majchrzak Sharon F. , Davis John M. 
Published: December 2010

Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of mixedn-6 andn-3 PUFA diets, and meta-analyses of their CHD outcomes, have been considered decisive evidence in specifically advising consumption of ‘at least 5–10 % of energy asn-6 PUFA’. Here we (1) performed an extensive literature search and extracted detailed dietary and outcome data enabling a critical examination of all RCT that increased PUFA and reported relevant CHD outcomes; (2) determined if dietary interventions increasedn-6 PUFA with specificity, or increased bothn-3 andn-6 PUFA (i.e. mixedn-3/n-6 PUFA diets); (3) compared mixedn-3/n-6 PUFA ton-6 specific PUFA diets on relevant CHD outcomes in meta-analyses; (4) evaluated the potential confounding role oftrans-fatty acids (TFA).n-3 PUFA intakes were increased substantially in four of eight datasets, and then-6 PUFA linoleic acid was raised with specificity in four datasets.n-3 andn-6 PUFA replaced a combination of TFA and SFA in all eight datasets. For non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)+CHD death, the pooled risk reduction for mixedn-3/n-6 PUFA diets was 22 % (risk ratio (RR) 0·78; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·93) compared to an increased risk of 13 % forn-6 specific PUFA diets (RR 1·13; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·53). Risk of non-fatal MI+CHD death was significantly higher inn-6 specific PUFA diets compared to mixedn-3/n-6 PUFA diets (P = 0·02). RCT that substitutedn-6 PUFA for TFA and SFA without simultaneously increasingn-3 PUFA produced an increase in risk of death that approached statistical significance (RR 1·16; 95 % CI 0·95, 1·42). Advice to specifically increasen-6 PUFA intake, based on mixedn-3/n-6 RCT data, is unlikely to provide the intended benefits, and may actually increase the risks of CHD and death.
The Brazilian and Italian Labor Courts: Comparative Notes
Authors: da Silva Fernando Teixeira 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis article compares the Brazilian Labor Court, created in 1939, and the Italian Magistratura del Lavoro, instituted in 1926 by the government of Mussolini, to “harmonize” the conflicts between labor and capital through judicial means. The text problematizes the Brazilian intellectual tradition which sees the Labor Court either as a typically national product or as the transcription of an international model. It demonstrates that current polemics are fixed within the ambit of the “national problem” such as it was formulated in the 1930s. The approach adopted does not concentrate exclusively on the formal apparatus of juridical structure, but interrogates its functioning over time in different historical conjunctures. The main goal of the article is to understand the Labor Court as an institutional recourse historically appropriated by different subjects, in particular by workers, who gave the courts differentiated political meanings.
Industrial Life in a Limiting Landscape: An Environmental Interpretation of Stalinist Social Conditions in the Far North
Authors: Bruno Andy 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis paper offers an environmental history of a group of forced migrants who were sent to work on a Soviet industrial project in the far north during the 1930s. As part of the drive to industrialize the country rapidly, the Soviet state deported thousands of peasants who had been declared class enemies to the previously desolate Khibiny Mountains in order to serve as the labor force for a new socialist mining town. These forced migrants became known as “special settlers”. I argue that the integration of the environment as a dynamic force in the social history of Stalinism enriches current explanations for why the Soviet state was often unable to carry out its intentions during industrialization. I also maintain that through the pursuit of the global process of industrialization, the Soviet government contributed to making the special settlers in the Khibiny Mountains vulnerable to natural hazards.