bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Fractional Porous Medium Equation
Authors: de Pablo Arturo , Quirós Fernando , Rodríguez Ana , Vázquez Juan Luis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe develop a theory of existence and uniqueness for the following porous medium equation with fractional diffusion:
\input amssym $$\left\{ {\matrix{ {{{\partial u} \over {\partial t}} + \left( { ‐ \Delta } \right)^{\sigma /2} \left( {\left| u \right|^{m ‐ 1} u} \right) = 0,} \hfill & {x \in {\Bbb R} ^N ,\,\,t > 0,} \hfill \cr {u\left( {x,0} \right) = f\left( x \right),} \hfill & {x \in {\Bbb R} ^N .} \hfill \cr } } \right.$$
We consider data \input amssym $f\in L^1(\Bbb{R}^N)$ and all exponents $0<\sigma<2\;and\;m>0$. Existence and uniqueness of a strong solution is established for $ m > {m_\ast}={(N-\sigma)_+}/N$, giving rise to an L1‐contraction semigroup. In addition, we obtain the main qualitative properties of these solutions. In the lower range ${0 < m} \le {m_\ast}$ existence and uniqueness happen under some restrictions, and the properties of the solutions are different from the ones for the case above m*. We also study the dependence of solutions on f, m, and σ. Moreover, we consider the above questions for the problem posed in a bounded domain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TiO2 Composing with Pristine, Metallic or Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Which Gives the Best Performance for a Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Guai Guan Hong , Li Yao , Ng Chee Mang , Li Chang Ming , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDifferent types of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), pristine (p‐), metallic (m‐) and semiconducting (s‐) are incorporated into TiO2 photoanodes to improve the dye‐sensitized solar‐cell (DSSC) performance and their effects on the device performance are further investigated. Although all three types of SWCNTs are found to have comparable structural morphologies and a reduced charge transport resistivity for the photoanodes, only the semiconducting one was able to suppress charge‐recombination events, resulting in even greater improvement of DSSC performances. This is very likely to be ascribed to the higher energy barrier of s‐SWCNTs compared to both m‐ and p‐SWCNTs to block the back flowing of dye‐injected electrons for I3− reduction in the charge recombination process.
Effect of liquid state on the crystallization of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 metallic glass
Authors: Wang Z. Z. , Zu F. Q. , Xiao C. , Li X. Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe correlation between the quenching temperature and the crystallization of the Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 metallic glass was examined. The electrical resistivity and the thermal property were measured to monitor the structural change of the samples quenched at the temperature of 1473 K, 1573 K, 1673 K and 1773 K, respectively. The consistent results of DSC and d(ρ(T)/ρ0)/dT‐T curves indicated different crystallization behaviors of the samples. For the samples quenched from 1773 K, the increase in ΔTx, Trg and γ imply higher glass forming ability. Moreover, according to the XRD patterns of samples annealed at different temperatures, the melt temperature influences the formation of crystallized phases of amorphous Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 alloy.
TCR‐induced T cell activation leads to simultaneous phosphorylation at Y505 and Y394 of p56lck residues
Authors: Nyakeriga Alice M. , Garg Himanshu , Joshi Anjali 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiochemical studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of lymphocyte cell kinase (p56lck) is crucial for activation of signaling cascades following T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. However, whether phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the activating or inhibitory tyrosine residues occurs upon activation is controversial. Recent advances in intracellular staining of phospho‐epitopes and cytometric analysis, requiring few cells, have opened up novel avenues for the field of immunological signaling. Here, we assessed p56lck phosphorylation, using a multiparameter flow‐cytometric based detection method following T cell stimulation. Fixation and permeabilization in conjunction with zenon labeling technology and/or fluorescently labeled antibodies against total p56lck or cognate phospho‐tyrosine (pY) residues or surface receptors were used for detection purposes. Our observations showed that activation of Jurkat or primary human T cells using H2O2 or TCR‐induced stimulation led to simultaneous phosphorylation of the activating tyrosine residue, Y394 and the inhibitory tyrosine residue, Y505 of p56lck. This was followed by downstream calcium flux and expression of T cell activation markers; CD69 and CD40 ligand (CD40L). However, the extent of measurable activation readouts depended on the optimal stimulatory conditions (temperature and/or stimuli combinations). Treatment of cells with a p56lck‐specific inhibitor, PP2, abolished phosphorylation at either residue in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken together, these observations show that TCR‐induced stimulation of T cells led to simultaneous phosphorylation of p56lck residues. This implies that dephosphorylation of Y505 is not crucial for p56lck activity. Also, it is clear that cytometric analysis provides for a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative method to supplement biochemical studies on p56lck signaling pathways in T cells at single cell level. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Use of a new violet‐excitable AmCyan variant as a label in cell analysis
Authors: Guryev Oleg , Jaimes Maria C. , Edinger Mark G. , Matvienko Marta , Abrams Barny , Dubrovsky Tim 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHere we report a new variant of AmCyan fluorescent protein that has been specifically designed for multicolor cell analysis. AmCyan is one of the existing violet fluorochromes for use in flow cytometers equipped with a violet (405 nm) laser. It is also widely used as a label in fluorescent spectroscopy. Limitations on its use are due to the significant AmCyan fluorescence spillover into the FITC detector, due to excitation of AmCyan by the blue (488 nm) laser. In order to resolve this problem, we modified the excitation profile of AmCyan. The new fluorescent protein that we developed, AmCyan100, has an emission profile similar to AmCyan with an emission maximum at 500 nm, but its excitation maximum is shifted to 395 nm, which coincides more closely with the violet laser line and decreases the excitation with the blue laser, thus reducing the spillover observed with the original AmCyan. Moreover, this new protein has a Stokes shift of more than 100 nm compared to the Stokes shift of 31 nm in its precursor. Our data also suggests that AmCyan100‐mAb conjugates have brightness similar toAmCyan‐mAb conjugates. In summary, AmCyan100 conjugates have minimum spillover into the FITC detector, and can potentially replace existing AmCyan conjugates in multicolor flow cytometry without any changes in instrumental setup and existing reagent panel design. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Multiparametric assessment of Cd2+ cytotoxicity using MTT‐based microfluidic image cytometry
Authors: Lim Kook Hee , Park Jonghoon , Rhee Seog Woo , Yoon Tae Hyun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA modified MTT protocol‐based microfluidic image cytometry (μFIC) was performed to assess Cd2+ induced cytotoxicity. The expanded capabilities of μFIC, such as in situ measurement, high‐throughput, and multiparametric analysis of adherent cells under precisely controlled chemical environments of microfluidic channels, were demonstrated in this study. Multiparametric analysis of μFIC data has enabled us to categorize the progress of cell death into at least four different subgroups based on their morphology and metabolic activity. These advantages of the MTT‐based μFIC as a simpler, cheaper, and faster in vitro cell‐based assay tool have many implications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, toxicological, and biological application areas, and we propose this technique as a future high throughput–high content screening (HT‐HCS) platform for cytotoxicity assays and drug screening. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Synthesis, Characterisation and Catalytic Application of Oxidorhenium Complexes Bearing H‐Spirophosphorane Ligands
Authors: Skarżyńska Anna , Siczek Miłosz , Sobczak Jarosław M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe coordination properties of the H‐spirophosphorane ligands HP(OCMe2CMe2O)2 (L1), HP(OCHMeCHMeO)2 (L2) and HP(OCH2CMe2NH)2 (L3) towards rhenium have been studied, and the complexes cis‐[ReOCl2{P(OCMe2CMe2O)OCMe2CMe2O}pic] (1a), cis‐ and trans‐[ReOCl2{P(OCMe2CMe2O)OCMe2CMe2O}lut] (2a and 2b), cis‐ and trans‐[ReOBr2{P(OCMe2CMe2O)OCMe2CMe2O}PPh3] (3a and 3b), [nBu4N][ReOCl3{P(OCMe2CMe2O)OCMe2CMe2O}] (4), cis‐[ReOCl2{P(OCHMeCHMeO)OCHMeCHMeO}py] (5), and [ReOCl3{P(OCH2CMe2NH)OCH2CMe2NH2}] (6) have been prepared. The H‐spirophosphoranes coordinate to the rhenium moiety as bidentate, ionic chelating ligands in 1–5 and as a molecular chelating ligand in 6. The chemical compositions of all the complexes were established by spectroscopic methods and the molecular structures of 1a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 5 and 6 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It was proved that some of the complexes 1–6 and their previously obtained congeners are very good cocatalyst precursors for the oxidation of aldehydes using molecular oxygen as oxidant and N‐hydroxyphthalimide as catalyst. The impact of the structures of the complexes on their catalytic activity was studied. The presence of spirophosphorane ligands in the structures seems to be essential for stabilising the active form of the cocatalyst.
An Fe(CO)5‐Thermolysis‐Based Process for the Preparation of Polymer@Iron Composite Powders with High Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Nesher Guy , Marom Gad , Avnir David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new method for the preparation of metal–polymer composite materials is described. This new approach of doping of metals is based on the thermolysis of a zero‐valent complex. Specifically, several polymer@Fe‐composite powders were prepared and fully characterized. Iron doped with polydimethylsiloxane showed remarkable stability to air oxidation and to corrosion under simulated seawater conditions.
Structure–Activity Relationship in the Iridium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Mantilli Luca , Gérard David , Besnard Céline , Mazet Clément 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe evaluation of a series of cationic iridium complexes in the isomerization of primary allylic alcohols has revealed the unique ability of Crabtree catalysts [(Cy3P)(C6H5N)Ir(cod)]·X 1a (X = PF6) and 1b (X = BArF; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to catalyze efficiently this transformation. Emphasis has been placed on understanding the electronic factors that govern the catalytic process by using a range of para‐substituted pyridine N‐donor ligands. Excellent correlations between analytical data (13C NMR chemical shift; νCO) and established thermodynamic and kinetic parameters (pKa, Mayr nucleophilicity parameter N) have been elaborated. Overall, the results obtained point to the possibility of qualitatively predicting the activity of Crabtree catalyst analogues in the isomerization of primary allylic alcohols.
Preparation of Hollow TiO2 Spheres of the Desired Polymorphs by Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of a Water‐Soluble Titanium Complex and Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Katagiri Kiyofumi , Inami Hitoshi , Koumoto Kunihito , Inumaru Kei , Tomita Koji , Kobayashi Makoto , Kakihana Masato 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA facile approach, based on the polyelectrolyte‐mediated electrostatic adsorption of a water‐soluble titanium complex on colloid templates and hydrothermal treatment, is presented for the formation of hollow TiO2 spheres of the desired polymorphs. The core–shell particles were formed by the alternate deposition of titanium–glycolate complex 1 and positively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on spherical polystyrene (PS) templates by utilizing electrostatic interactions for shell formation. Hollow spheres formed with the polyionic complex of 1 and PAH were obtained by removal of the PS templates. Formation of the polyionic complex affected the crystallization of TiO2 from 1 by hydrothermal treatment. Hollow spheres of brookite and anatase were obtained by hydrothermal treatment at pH 4 and 10, respectively. The approach presented here can be exploited for the fabrication of novel advanced titania‐based materials with desired structures and polymorphs.
Extraction of α‐tocopherolquinone from vegetable oil deodorizer distillate waste
Authors: Isso Bayala , Ryan David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn industry, deodorizer distillate waste is one of the last products of refined edible oil after the removal of commercially important value components such as fatty acids, sterols, squalene, and vitamin E. The refinery process itself is the cause of a significant amount of loss in vitamin E due to distillation and thermal oxidation. The distillate waste has a very limited commercial value, therefore requires additional costs for a safe environmental disposal. One of the main vitamin E oxidation products found in large quantities in oil waste is tocopherolquinone (TQ). A literature search has revealed that in the past several techniques including a variety of solvent extractions, saponification, or column extraction have been used for TQ isolation with limited success. The present study is a new cost‐effective liquid–liquid extraction method developed to isolate α‐TQ from vegetable oil steam distillate or distillate waste. High recovery results ranging from 31 to 120% were obtained depending on the ratio between the sample and three different organic extraction solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, and hexane) combined.
Application of LB‐Phos·HBF4 in the Suzuki Coupling Reaction of 2‐Bromoalken‐3‐ols with Alkylboronic Acids
Authors: Guo Binjie , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLB‐Phos·HBF4 was used in the Suzuki coupling reaction of 2‐bromoalken‐3‐ols with alkylboronic acids to give the coupling products in moderate to good yields. Substituents such as benzyl, phenyl, allyl, and alkyl are tolerated at the 1‐ and 3‐positions of the 2‐bromoalken‐3‐ols. The reactions of both primary and secondary alkylboronic acids proceed smoothly.
Development of a compressive surface capturing formulation for modelling free‐surface flow by using the volume‐of‐fluid approach
Authors: Heyns J. A. , Malan A. G. , Harms T. M. , Oxtoby O. F. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYWith the aim of accurately modelling free‐surface flow of two immiscible fluids, this study presents the development of a new volume‐of‐fluid free‐surface capturing formulation. By building on existing volume‐of‐fluid approaches, the new formulation combines a blended higher resolution scheme with the addition of an artificial compressive term to the volume‐of‐fluid equation. This reduces the numerical smearing of the interface associated with explicit higher resolution schemes while limiting the contribution of the artificial compressive term to ensure the integrity of the interface shape is maintained. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the the higher resolution scheme is improved through the reformulation of the normalised variable approach and the implementation of a new higher resolution blending function. The volume‐of‐fluid equation is discretised via an unstructured vertex‐centred finite volume method and solved via a Jacobian‐type dual time‐stepping approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Hand Anthropometry and Biomechanical Measurements of Dentistry Students in Turkey
Authors: Cakit Erman , Durgun Behice , Cetik Oya , Yoldas Oguz 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe objectives of this study were 1) to determine various hand dimensions and biomechanics measurements for Turkish dentistry students, 2) to evaluate the differences between males and females and between the right and left hand, and 3) to compare these data with similar data for other populations (Thai, Indian, Malaysian, British, Jordanian, Nigerian, Mexican, Bangladesh, and Vietnamese). The present study was undertaken to generate hand anthropometric and biomechanics data of 92 male and 73 female students studying at dentistry faculty. Sixty‐seven anthropometric and 26 biomechanics measurements were taken in both hands. The means, standard deviations, and percentile values were tabulated and compared with other populations. The results suggest that the Turkish female fingers are thinner than those of other females except Indians, and that the Turkish male fingers are wider than those of the other males. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the Turkish female strength in handgripping is greater than that of other females except British females, and the Turkish male handgrip strength is greater than that of other males except Americans. This study provides insights about Turkish hand dimensions and biomechanics; it can be a basis for future studies and the design of dental tools meant for the Turkish market. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dog as a possible animal model for human non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a review
Authors: Marconato Laura , Gelain Maria Elena , Comazzi Stefano 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLymphoma represents the most frequent hematopoietic cancer in dogs, and it shows significant overlap with the human disease. Several environmental factors have been associated with canine lymphoma, suggesting that they may contribute to lymphomagenesis. Canine lymphoma often presents in advanced stage (III–V) at diagnosis and, most commonly, has an aggressive clinical course requiring prompt treatment, which relies on the use of polychemotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of canine lymphoma epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnostic work‐up and therapy, and will highlight the links to the corresponding human disease, providing evidence for the use of dog as an animal model of spontaneous disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additional genetic abnormalities significantly worsen poor prognosis associated with 1q21 amplification in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Grzasko Norbert , Hus Marek , Pluta Andrzej , Jurczyszyn Artur , Walter‐Croneck Adam , Morawska Marta , Chocholska Sylwia , Hajek Roman , Dmoszynska Anna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe investigated the prognostic value of amp(1q21) alone and in combination with other abnormalities in newly diagnosed myeloma patients. The study group consisted of 104 patients treated with various induction regimens, mostly thalidomide based (87 patients). Amp(1q21) was detected in 49 (47.1%) of patients; in 26 (25.0%) cases, it was combined with del(13q14), in 7 (6.7%) with del(17p13) and in 15 (14.4%) with t(4;14)(p16;q32). The response rate was significantly better in amp(1q21)‐negative than in amp(1q21)‐positive patients (74.5% vs 55.1%, p = 0.025; complete response 18.2% vs 4.1%, p = 0.024). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 33.9 months in patients without amp(1q21) and 10.3 months with this aberration (p = 0.002). The presence of additional abnormalities resulted in significantly shortened PFS when compared with patients with isolated amp(1q21): coexisting del(13q14) resulted in 7.8 vs 29.0 months of PFS (p = 0.024) and del(17p13) resulted in 4.0 vs 24.9 months of PFS (p = 0.034). The presence of amp(1q21) significantly influenced overall survival (OS) as well as PFS resulting in the median OS of 26.6 vs 62.4 months (p = 0.018) in patients without amp(1q21). The presence of additional genetic abnormalities significantly affected OS when compared with patients carrying isolated amp(1q21): for del(13q14) 18.9 vs 58.4 months (p = 0.004) and for del(17p13) 12.0 vs 46.5 months (p = 0.036). On multivariate analysis amp(1q21), del(13q14) and del(17p13) were found to be an independent adverse predictors of shorter PFS and OS. Our results showed that the presence of amp(1q21) was associated with poor prognosis. Moreover additional genetic abnormalities made PFS and OS further shortened. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative studies on parametric sensitivity analyses using conventional and factorial design methodologies: mathematical modelling of clavulanic acid adsorption on zeolites
Authors: Forte Marcus Bruno Soares , Mazutti Marcio Antonio , Filho Francisco Maugeri , Rodrigues Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main objective of this work was to evaluate the parametric sensitivity of model parameters of clavulanic acid (CA) adsorption in a stirred‐tank reactor using zeolites. The system sensitivity was evaluated in terms of mass transfer and hydrodynamic parameters using two methodologies. First, the sensitivity factors of input variables were evaluated according to a disturbance of ± 20% in the nominal parameter values; second, the factorial design methodology was employed. In both cases, the responses were obtained by means of model simulations.RESULTS: From the sensitivity analysis by experimental design, the best operational conditions for adsorption of CA on zeolites were solid to liquid percentage 7.0%, initial CA concentration 300 mg L−1 and particle diameter 0.100 mm, which led to a reduction of 25 min in the adsorption time and 9% in the adsorption capacity, increasing the process productivity.CONCLUSION: The use of the factorial design had advantages compared with the conventional method because it provided information regarding the possibility of simultaneous changes in the factors investigated, enabling analyses of system sensitivity regarding operational parameters, as well as the choice of more suitable parameters. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Lacustrine records of post‐glacial environmental change from the Nulhegan Basin, Vermont, USA
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe sedimentary records of Nulhegan Pond and Beecher Pond in the Nulhegan Basin of north‐eastern Vermont were analyzed to yield a history of environmental change since the latest Pleistocene. Shoreline landforms indicate that part of the Nulhegan Basin was inundated by Glacial Lake Nulhegan (GLN), which was impounded behind a dam of glacial sediment. Outwash derived from stagnant ice forms the bottom 176 cm of the Nulhegan Pond core. Fine‐grained inorganic sediment deposited between 13.4 and 12.2k cal a BP is interpreted as a deep‐water facies representing GLN, while coarser sediment from 12.2 to 11.8k cal a BP records draining of the glacial lake. Rapid, simultaneous increases in organic matter and biogenic silica signal the onset of productivity following the Younger Dryas. Beecher Pond formed c. 11.3k cal a BP through surface collapse over a buried ice block; buried stagnant ice may have persisted in the vicinity of the pond into the early Holocene. From 8.9 to 5.5k cal a BP, sediment in both lakes became coarser and richer in aquatic organic matter, suggesting a low‐water phase in which previously deposited lacustrine sediments were reworked and the littoral zone shifted basinward. Low water levels at this time are consistent with other records from Maine and southern Quebec, but contrary to records from ∼325 km to the south. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.