bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Auricular Composite Graft in Rib Cartilage–Based Rhinoplasty for Contracted Nose Correction
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Choi Jong Woo 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study investigated the effects of combining an auricular composite graft with rib cartilage–based rhinoplasty to correct contracted noses in Asian patients with a history of multiple previous operations.

Methods:
A total of 43 patients were included in the retrospective analysis of secondary rhinoplasty procedures. The surgical approach involved short-nose correction, using rib cartilage for septal extension grafts and chondrocutaneous composite grafts harvested from the conchal part of the ear for internal nasal lining reconstruction. The authors’ assessment encompassed clinical outcomes, the occurrence of complications; and the use of 3-dimensional photography for nasal measurements at the preoperative, 3-month, and 1-year postoperative stages.

Results:
With regard to graft survival, 12 patients (27.9%) showed greater than 80% graft engraftment, 29 patients (67.4%) showed 50% to 80% graft engraftment, and 2 patients (4.6%) showed 20% to 50% graft engraftment. Two of these patients required wound irrigation for infection control and additional repair and were finally discharged without significant nasal deformity. At 3 months postoperatively, 3-dimensional anthropometry showed significant differences in nasal dorsum length (4.46 ± 1.79 mm), nasal height (1.25 ± 1.25 mm), nasal tip projection (4.06 ± 1.76 mm), and columellar-labial angle (22.75 ± 14.19 degrees). No significant relapse of nasal parameters was noted 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Auricular composite graft combined with rib cartilage–based rhinoplasty enables the comprehensive restoration of nasal structures, addressing the inner, intermediate, and outer layers. This approach can serve as an effective and sustainable option for correcting contracted noses in Asian patients who have undergone multiple operations.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Correlation of Orthognathic Surgical Movements to Perception of Facial Appearance in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Wang Ellen , Tran Joseph T. , Chapa Elysa M. , Cody Ryan , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design:
Cephalometric scans were compared before and after surgery to assess the degree of correction. Correlations between skeletal movements and survey outcomes were determined using multivariate regression analysis.

Objective:
This study aims to identify relationships between subjective observer-reported improvements in esthetics and emotional appearance with specific surgical movements.

Methods:
Ten patients at a single tertiary institution (average age: 18.1 ± 0.8), 9 males and 1 female, underwent orthognathic repair and had comprehensive cephalometric records. Standardized anterior posterior and lateral pre and postoperative photographs of patients were included in a survey to clinicians to assess noncognitive domains on a Likert Scale (1–10). CLEFT-Q was administered to gauge patient satisfaction in categories of appearance, speech, and quality of life.

Results:
Per clinicians, multiple domains increased including facial attractiveness (4.1 ± 0.7 versus 7.3 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), friendliness (4.5 ± 0.4 versus 7.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), confidence (4.1 ± 0.4 versus 7.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001), and recommendation for surgery decreased (8.9 ± 0.1 versus 3.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). Speech distress decreased with increased SNA and convexity, whereas Psychological and Social scores decreased with an increased ANB. Functional eating and drinking scores increased with maxillary depth.

Conclusions:
Orthognathic surgery improves many noncognitive domains in patients with cleft lip and palate as assessed by both patients and clinicians on all aspects of facial attractiveness and perception. These findings demonstrate objective bases of skeletal adjustments for perceived improvements in facial appearance and emotion.
Mini Endoscopic Septoplasty for High Localized Nasal Septum Deviation: Surgical Technique, Outcomes, and Comparison With Regular Septoplasty
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Zhao Jianhui , Wang Yibei , Zhao Yu , Han Jun , Yang Dazhang , Chen Yihan 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
This prospective cohort study aimed to describe the technique of mini endoscopic septoplasty for patients with a high localized nasal septum deviation in front of the middle turbinate and chronic sinusitis or nasal sinus fungus ball. Our primary objective was to investigate the indications and outcomes of this procedure, and the secondary objective was to compare it with regular endoscopic septoplasty.

Methods:
Patients with chronic sinusitis or nasal sinus fungus ball and high localized nasal septum deviation underwent mini endoscopic septoplasty, while those with a broad deviation of the nasal septum underwent regular endoscopic septoplasty. The study evaluated the procedure duration, blood loss, and complications associated with both methods. All patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results:
Thirty patients underwent mini endoscopic septoplasty; another 30 underwent regular endoscopic septoplasty. Mini endoscopic septoplasty demonstrated a significantly shorter procedure duration and lower blood loss than regular endoscopic septoplasty. Neither group experienced operative complications, such as nasal septum perforation or hematoma.

Conclusion:
Mini endoscopic septoplasty is a safe, time-efficient, and effective technique indicated for highly localized nasal septum deviations in patients with chronic sinusitis or nasal sinus fungus ball. This procedure offers advantages in terms of the surgical approach and postoperative debridement. Future research could explore the broader clinical implications of these findings.
Reinforcement in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Is It Effective?
Authors: Coşkun Mümin , Uprak Tevfik Kivilcim , Günal Ömer , Aliyeva Aygün , Cingi Asim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Despite the success of bariatric surgery in treating obesity, it can still lead to complications. The most serious and feared technical complications are bleeding and leakage from the gastric staple line. In this study, stapler line reinforcement was investigated to determine whether it affects postoperative leakage and bleeding rates and their management.

Materials and Methods:
Overall, 510 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated retrospectively. They were divided into 2 groups according to whether reinforcement of the staple line with running imbricating sutures was performed.

Results:
In the reinforcement group, there were two leaks (0.7%), which were diagnosed seven and eight days after surgery. In the non-reinforcement group, there were nine leaks (4%). There was no difference between the two groups in staple line bleeding.

Conclusions:
This study shows that reinforcement with continuous imbricating sutures is associated with less stapler line leakage and a lower reoperation rate at the cost of increased operative time.
Emergency department pediatric readiness of United States trauma centers in 2021: Trauma center facility characteristics and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Melhado Caroline G. , Remick Katherine , Miskovic Amy , Patel Bhavin , Hewes Hilary A. , Newgard Craig D. , Nathens Avery B. , Macias Charles , Gray Lisa , Yorkgitis Brian K. , Dingeldein Michael W. , Jensen Aaron R. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Emergency department (ED) pediatric readiness has been associated with lower mortality for injured children but has historically been suboptimal in nonpediatric trauma centers. Over the past decade, the National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) has invested resources in improving ED pediatric readiness. This study aimed to quantify current trauma center pediatric readiness and identify associations with center-level characteristics to target further efforts to guide improvement.

METHODS
The study cohort included all centers that responded to the 2021 NPRP national assessment and contributed data to the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) the same calendar year. Center characteristics and pediatric (0–15 years) volume from the NTDB were linked to weighted pediatric readiness scores (wPRSs) obtained from the NPRP assessment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine associations between wPRS and trauma center type as well as center-level facility characteristics.

RESULTS
The wPRS was reported for 77% (749 of 973) of centers that contributed to the NTDB. Emergency department pediatric readiness was highest in American College of Surgeons level 1 pediatric trauma centers, but wPRS in the highest quartile was seen among all adult and pediatric trauma center types. Independent predictors of high wPRS included American College of Surgeons level 1 pediatric trauma center verification, pediatric trauma volume, and the presence of a pediatric intensive care unit. Higher-level adult trauma centers and pediatric trauma centers were more likely to have pediatric-specific physician requirements, pediatric emergency care coordinators, and pediatric quality improvement initiatives.

CONCLUSION
Emergency department pediatric readiness in trauma centers remains variable and is predictably lower in centers that lack inpatient resources. There is, however, no aspect of ED pediatric readiness that is constrained to high-level pediatric facilities, and a highest quartile wPRS was achieved in all types of adult centers in our study. Ongoing efforts to improve pediatric readiness for initial stabilization at nonpediatric centers are needed, particularly in centers that routinely transfer children out.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Cosmic dust impacts on the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Kearsley A. T. , Webb R. P. , Grime G. W. , Wozniakiewicz P. J. , Price M. C. , Burchell M. J. , Salge T. , Spratt J. 
Published: May 2024

Exposure of the Hubble Space Telescope to space in low Earth orbit resulted in numerous hypervelocity impacts by cosmic dust (micrometeoroids) and anthropogenic particles (orbital debris) on the solar arrays and the radiator shield of the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, both subsequently returned to Earth. Solar cells preserve residues from smaller cosmic dust (and orbital debris) but give less reliable information from larger particles. Here, we present images and analyses from electron, ion and X-ray fluorescence microscopes for larger impact features (millimetre- to centimetre-scale) on the radiator shield. Validated by laboratory experiments, these allow interpretation of composition, probable origin and likely dimensions of the larger impactors. The majority (~90%) of impacts by grains greater than 50 μm in size were made by micrometeoroids, dominated by magnesium- and iron-rich silicates and iron sulfides, metallic iron-nickel and chromium-rich spinel similar to that in ordinary chondrite meteorites of asteroid origin. Our re-evaluation of the largest impact features shows substantially fewer large orbital debris impacts than reported by earlier authors. Mismatch to the NASA ORDEM and ESA MASTER models of particle populations in orbit may be partly due to model overestimation of orbital debris flux and underestimation of larger micrometeoroid numbers.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dust in the Solar System and beyond’.
Rapid, Reliable, and Interpretable CNV Curation Visualizations for Diagnostic Settings with SeeNV
Authors: Bradshaw Michael S. , Raychaudhuri Jishnu , Murphy Lachlan , Barnard Rebecca , Firman Taylor , Gaskell Alisa , Layer Ryan M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs), structural alterations in the genome involving duplication or deletion of DNA segments, are implicated in various health conditions. Despite their clinical significance, accurate identification and interpretation of CNVs remain challenging, especially in the context of whole exome sequencing (WES), which is commonly used in clinical diagnostic laboratories. While WES offers economic advantages over whole genome sequencing (WGS), it struggles with CNV detection due to technical noise introduced by laboratory and analytic processes. Manual curation of CNV calls generated by these tools is labor-intensive and error-prone. To address this, we introduce SeeNV, a command-line tool designed to aid manual curation of CNVs at scale. SeeNV is one solution to these issues developed in collaboration with and used by the Precision Diagnostics Laboratory at Children’s Hospital Colorado. SeeNV generates static infographics for each CNV, incorporating sample and cohort sequencing coverage statistics, CNV population frequency, and more, facilitating rapid and precise assessment. Using CNVs calls identified in publicly available WES and WGS samples, we show users can rapidly and reliably curate CNV calls, needing only 4.3 seconds to curate a call, achieving 0.93 precision and 0.72 recall. SeeNV is freely available for download on GitHub:https://github.com/MSBradshaw/SeeNV.
stDyer enables spatial domain clustering with dynamic graph embedding
Authors: Xu Ke , Xu Yu , Wang Zirui , Zhou Xin , Zhang Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) data provide critical insights into gene expression patterns within tissue contexts, necessitating effective methods for identifying spatial domains. Traditional clustering techniques often over-look spatial information, leading to disjointed domains. Current computational approaches integrate spatial information but still face challenges in recognizing domain boundaries, scalability, and the need of independent clustering steps. We introduce stDyer, an end-to-end deep learning framework designed for spatial domain clustering in SRT data. stDyer combines a Gaussian Mixture Variational AutoEncoder (GMVAE) with graph attention networks (GATs) to simultaneously learn deep representations and perform clustering for units. A unique feature of stDyer is the dynamic graphs it adopts, which adaptively links units based on Gaussian Mixture assignments in the latent space, thereby improving spatial domain clustering and producing smoother domain boundaries. Additionally, stDyer’s mini-batch neighbor sampling strategy facilitates scalability to large datasets and enables multi-GPU training. Benchmarking against state-of-the-art tools across various SRT technologies, stDyer demonstrates superior performance in spatial domain clustering, multi-slice analysis, and large-scale dataset handling.
Predicting transcriptional activation domain function using Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Farheen Farhanaz , Broyles Bradley K. , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ibtehaz Nabil , Erkine Alexandre M. , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnalysis of factors that lead to the functionality of transcriptional activation domains remains a crucial and yet challenging task owing to the significant diversity in their sequences and their intrinsically disordered nature. Almost all existing methods that have aimed to predict activation domains have involved traditional machine learning approaches, such as logistic regression, that are unable to capture complex patterns in data or plain convolutional neural networks and have been limited in exploration of structural features. However, there is a tremendous potential in the inspection of the structural properties of activation domains, and an opportunity to investigate complex relationships between features of residues in the sequence. To address these, we have utilized the power of graph neural networks which can represent structural data in the form of nodes and edges, allowing nodes to exchange information among themselves. We have experimented with two kinds of graph formulations, one involving residues as nodes and the other assigning atoms to be the nodes. A logistic regression model was also developed to analyze feature importance. For all the models, several feature combinations were experimented with. The residue-level GNN model with amino acid type, residue position, acidic/basic/aromatic property and secondary structure feature combination gave the best performing model with accuracy, F1 score and AUROC of 97.9%, 71% and 97.1% respectively which outperformed other existing methods in the literature when applied on the dataset we used. Among the other structure-based features that were analyzed, the amphipathic property of helices also proved to be an important feature for classification. Logistic regression results showed that the most dominant feature that makes a sequence functional is the frequency of different types of amino acids in the sequence. Our results consistent have shown that functional sequences have more acidic and aromatic residues whereas basic residues are seen more in non-functional sequences.
A qualitative investigation of crisis cafés in England: their role, implementation, and accessibility
Authors: Staples Heather , Cadorna Gianna , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Maconick Lucy , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Johnson Sonia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCrisis cafés (also known as crisis sanctuaries or havens) are community-based services which support people in mental health crises, aiming to provide an informal, non-clinical and accessible setting. This model is increasingly popular in the UK; however, we are aware of no peer-reviewed literature focused on this model. We aimed to use qualitative methods to investigate managers’ views of the aims of crisis cafés, how they operate in practice and the factors that affect access to these services and implementation of the intended model.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 managers of crisis cafés across England. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsWe identified five main perceived aims for crisis cafés: providing an alternative to A&E; improving access to crisis care; providing people in acute distress with someone to talk to in a safe and comfortable space; triaging effectively; and improving crisis planning and people’s coping skills. Factors seen as influencing the effectiveness of crisis cafés included accessibility, being able to deliver person-centred care, relationships with other services, and staffing. These factors could both help and hinder access to care and the implementation of the intended model. There were a number of trade-offs that services had to consider when designing and running a crisis café: 1. Balancing an open-door policy with managing demand for the service through referral routes, 2. Balancing risk management procedures with the remit of offering a non-clinical environment and 3. Increasing awareness of the service in the community whilst avoiding stigmatising perceptions of it.ConclusionsFindings illustrate the aims of the crisis café model of care and factors which are influential in its implementation in current practice. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these services in relation to their aims. Crisis café service users’ views, and views of stakeholders from the wider crisis care system should also be ascertained.
Mechanical activation of VE-cadherin stimulates AMPK to increase endothelial cell metabolism and vasodilation
Authors: Cronin Nicholas M. , Dawson Logan W. , DeMali Kris A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTEndothelia cells respond to mechanical force by stimulating cellular signaling, but how these pathways are linked to elevations in cell metabolism and whether metabolism supports the mechanical response remains poorly understood. Here, we show that application of force to VE-cadherin stimulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis. VE-cadherin stimulated AMPK increases eNOS activity and localization to the plasma membrane as well as reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton and cadherin adhesion complex, and glucose uptake. We present evidence for the increase in metabolism being necessary to fortify the adhesion complex, actin cytoskeleton, and cellular alignment. Together these data extend the paradigm for how mechanotransduction and metabolism are linked to include a connection to vasodilation, thereby providing new insight into how diseases involving contractile, metabolic, and vasodilatory disturbances arise.
Improving Drug Sensitivity Prediction and Inference by Multi-Task Learning
Authors: Strauch Jared , Asiaee Amir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of models to predict sensitivity to anticancer drugs is an area of significant interest, given the diverse responses to treatment among patients and the considerable expense and time involved in anticancer drug development. Leveraging “omic” data and anticancer response information from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, we propose a novel approach utilizing multitask learning to enhance prediction accuracy and inference. We extended a multitask learning framework called the Data Shared Lasso to develop the Data Shared Elastic Net. This enabled the construction of tissue-specific models with information sharing while maintaining the attractive properties of Elastic Net regression. By employing this approach, we observed improvements in prediction accuracy compared to single-task Elastic Net models, particularly for cell lines displaying high sensitivity to treatment. Furthermore, the Data Shared Elastic Net facilitated the identification of predictors for anticancer drug sensitivity within specific tissue types, shedding light on cellular pathways targeted by these drugs across tissues. We also investigated the impact of data leakage on modeling outcomes from previous studies, which led to underestimating prediction error and erroneous inferences
Fluorescence labeling strategies for the study of ion channel and receptor cell surface expression: A comprehensive toolkit for extracellular labeling of TRPV1
Authors: Mott Taylor M. , Wulffraat Grace C. , Eddins Alex J. , Mehl Ryan A. , Senning Eric N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegulation of ion channel expression on the plasma membrane is a major determinant of neuronal excitability, and identifying the underlying mechanisms of this expression is critical to our understanding of neurons. A critical aspect of measuring changes in ion channel expression is uniquely identifying ion channels located on the cell surface. To accomplish this goal we demonstrate two orthogonal strategies to label extracellular sites of the ion channel TRPV1 that minimally perturb the function of the channel: 1) We use the amber codon suppression technique to introduce a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) with tetrazine click chemistry compatible with a trans-cyclooctene coupled fluorescent dye. 2) By inserting the circularly permutated HaloTag (cpHaloTag) in an extracellular loop of TRPV1, we incorporate a click-chemistry site for a chloroalkane-linked fluorescent dye of our choosing. Optimization of ncAA insertion sites was accomplished by screening residue positions between the S1 and S2 transmembrane domains with elevated missense variants in the human population, and we identified T468 as a rapid labeling site (∼5 minutes) based on functional as well as biochemical assays in HEK293T/17 cells. After several rounds of adapting the linker lengths and backbone placement of cpHaloTag on the extracellular side of TRPV1, our efforts led to a channel construct that robustly expressed as a fully functional TRPV1exCellHalo fusion with intact wild-type gating properties. The TRPV1exCellHalo construct was used in a single molecule experiment to track TRPV1 on the cell surface and validate studies that show decreased mobility of the channel upon activation. The success of these extracellular label TRPV1 (exCellTRPV1) constructs as tools to track surface expression of the channel will shed significant light on the mechanisms regulating expression and provide a general scheme to introduce similar modifications to other cell surface receptors.