bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic predictive analysis for concurrent programs
Authors: Wang Chao , Kundu Sudipta , Limaye Rhishikesh , Ganai Malay , Gupta Aarti 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Predictive analysis aims at detecting concurrency errors during runtime by monitoring a concrete execution trace of a concurrent program. In recent years, various models based on the happens-before causality relations have been proposed for predictive analysis. However, these models often rely on only the observed runtime events and typically do not utilize the program source code. Furthermore, the enumerative algorithms they use for verifying safety properties in the predicted traces often suffer from the interleaving explosion problem. In this paper, we introduce a precise predictive model based on both the program source code and the observed execution events, and propose a symbolic algorithm to check whether a safety property holds in all feasible permutations of events of the given trace. Rather than explicitly enumerating and checking the interleavings, our method conducts the search using a novel encoding and symbolic reasoning with a satisfiability modulo theory solver. We also propose a technique to bound the number of context switches allowed in the interleavings during the symbolic search, to further improve the scalability of the algorithm.
Defining Decision Making: A Qualitative Study of International Experts’ Views on Surgical Trainee Decision Making
Authors: Rennie Sarah C. , van Rij Andre M. , Jaye Chrystal , Hall Katherine H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundDecision making is a key competency of surgeons; however, how best to assess decisions and decision makers is not clearly established. The aim of the present study was to identify criteria that inform judgments about surgical trainees’ decision‐making skills.MethodsA qualitative free text web‐based survey was distributed to recognized international experts in Surgery, Medical Education, and Cognitive Research. Half the participants were asked to identify features of good decisions, characteristics of good decision makers, and essential factors for developing good decision‐making skills. The other half were asked to consider these areas in relation to poor decision making. Template analysis of free text responses was performed.ResultsTwenty‐nine (52%) experts responded to the survey, identifying 13 categories for judging a decision and 14 for judging a decision maker. Twelve features/characteristics overlapped (considered, informed, well timed, aware of limitations, communicated, knowledgeable, collaborative, patient‐focused, flexible, able to act on the decision, evidence‐based, and coherent). Fifteen categories were generated for essential factors leading to development of decision‐making skills that fall into three major themes (personal qualities, training, and culture). The categories compiled from the perspectives of good/poor were predominantly the inverse of each other; however, the weighting given to some categories varied.ConclusionsThis study provides criteria described by experts when considering surgical decisions, decision makers, and development of decision‐making skills. It proposes a working definition of a good decision maker. Understanding these criteria will enable clinical teachers to better recognize and encourage good decision‐making skills and identify poor decision‐making skills for remediation.
Pancreas‐preserving total duodenectomy: a 10‐year experience
Authors: Penninga Luit , Svendsen Lars Bo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, severe pathology of the duodenum has been treated by a pancreaticoduodenectomy using Whipple's operation. Pancreas‐preserving total duodenectomy (PPTD) was introduced in the late 1990s as an alternative to Whipple's operation for selected diseases of the duodenum. We report our 10 years’ experience with this operation.MethodsIn the period from 1999 to 2010 13 patients (mean age 50 years) underwent PPTD. Ten patients had duodenal adenomatosis (Spigelman stage IV). Two patients had large solitary tubulovillous adenomas, and one patient had multiple duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor lesions.ResultsNo mortality was observed. Six patients (46%) had a total of ten postoperative complications. Three patients (23%) had leakage of the ampullo‐jejunostomy anastomosis, and one patient (8%) had leakage of the duodeno‐jejunostomy anastomosis; all were treated conservatively with good results. One patient had recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, which disappeared spontaneously 3 months after operation. Three patients suffered from wound dehiscence, and two patients had postoperative pneumonia. Mean hospital admittance was 19 days (range 9–50 days). All patients were well at a mean follow‐up of 56 months (range 2–134 months).ConclusionPancreas‐preserving total duodenectomy appears to be a safe and valuable treatment option for patients with selected diseases of the duodenum.
Morphological abnormalities of embryonic cranial nerves after in utero exposure to valproic acid: implications for the pathogenesis of autism with multiple developmental anomalies
Authors: Tashiro Yasura , Oyabu Akiko , Imura Yoshio , Uchida Atsuko , Narita Naoko , Narita Masaaki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAutism is often associated with multiple developmental anomalies including asymmetric facial palsy. In order to establish the etiology of autism with facial palsy, research into developmental abnormalities of the peripheral facial nerves is necessary. In the present study, to investigate the development of peripheral cranial nerves for use in an animal model of autism, rat embryos were treated with valproic acid (VPA) in utero and their cranial nerves were visualized by immunostaining. Treatment with VPA after embryonic day 9 had a significant effect on the peripheral fibers of several cranial nerves. Following VPA treatment, immunoreactivity within the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves was significantly reduced. Additionally, abnormal axonal pathways were observed in the peripheral facial nerves. Thus, the morphology of several cranial nerves, including the facial nerve, can be affected by prenatal VPA exposure as early as E13. Our findings indicate that disruption of early facial nerve development is involved in the etiology of asymmetric facial palsy, and may suggest a link to the etiology of autism.
Constantinople over Antioch, 1516—1724: Patriarchal Politics in the Ottoman Era
Authors: Haddad Robert M. 
Published: April 2011

In January 1454 Sultan Mehmet II (1451–81), ruler of much of the Orthodox Christian Balkans and lately conqueror of Byzantium, vested the patriarch of Constantinople, George Scholarius, with full ecclesiastical authority over all the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman empire.This ‘donation’ of Mehmet, long accepted by the scholarly consensus, now stands revealed as a ‘foundation myth’, concocted long after 1454 by the Great Church to justify the over-arching authority it wielded or aspired to wield under the Ottoman imperium.
Mastoid infection caused by entomophthorales: a rare fungal disease
Authors: Arya A A , Naik C , Desmukh S , Babanagare S V , Muntode P 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:To report an unusual case of fungal mastoiditis caused by entomophthorales in an immunocompetent patient, and its management.Method:Case report with a review of the literature.Case report:A 13-year-old girl presented to us with a mastoid abscess. Entomophthoromycotic infection of the mastoid was diagnosed on histopathological examination, and subsequently treated with surgical debridement and amphotericin B injection.Conclusion:This is the first reported case of mastoid abscess secondary to entomophthoromycosis. Early detection and treatment contributed to this patient's good outcome.
Social Discipline in Singapore: An Alternative for the Resolution of Social Problems
Authors: Quah Stella R. 
Published: April 2011

This paper aims to discuss the issue of problem-solving at the national level by focusing on the concept of social discipline. The development of a new nation-state, i.e. contemporary Singapore, will provide the empirical basis for the analysis.The paper is divided into three sections. The first section deals briefly with relevant conceptual approaches to the solution of social problems, and the definition of social discipline. The second section presents an illustration of social discipline in action. The final section attempts a critical assessment of the approach used in Singapore for the solution of social problems.
“Southeast Asia”: What's in a Name?
Authors: Emmerson Donald K. 
Published: April 2011

Some names, like “rose”, acknowledge what exists. Others, like “unicorn”, create what otherwise would not exist. In between lie names that simultaneously describe and invent reality. “Southeast Asia” is one of these.Some who study the region treat it as if it were Shakespeare's rose: a reality existing independently of its name. Others would agree with Waddell that an observer of “Southeast Asia” who uses the name incautiously risks hallucinating unicorns: projecting homogeneity, unity, and boundedness onto a part of the world that is in fact heterogeneous, disunited, and hard to delimit.
Fiscal Policy and Political Transition: The Case of Malaya, 1948–1960
Authors: Ann Lee Soo 
Published: April 2011

British rule in the Malay peninsula and the island at its southern tip—Singapore—took a new form after the defeat of the Japanese in 1945. Previously Singapore had been only part of the Straits Settlements which also included Penang and Malacca. In 1946 Britain chose to run Singapore separately as a Crown Colony and grouped the mainland Malay states and British settlements into what was first a Malayan Union and later, from 1948, the Federation of Malaya. In so doing, the seeds were laid for what was to be the independent nation of Malaya in 1957. At that time the White Paper explained:A stage has now been reached when the system of government should be simplified and reformed. International relations as well as security and other interests of the British Commonwealth require that Malaya should be able to exercise an influence as a united and enlightened country appropriate to her economic and strategic importance.
Copulatory system of the spider crab Libinia spinosa (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea)
Authors: Sal Moyano M.P. , Gavio M.A. , Cuartas E.I. 
Published: April 2011

Functional morphology of the male gonopods, female holding systems and vulvae of Libinia spinosa are described using scanning electron microscopy and histological sections, establishing differences between immature and mature individuals. The first gonopod of mature males, larger than 35.1 mm of carapace width (CW), is long, slender, and ending in two wing-like processes; abdominal, characterized by the presence of a sub-terminal seminal canal, and sternal, closed and where the cuticle holds setae. In immature males, smaller than 29.9 mm CW, both processes are shorter, and the tip of the abdominal process closed. Six different types of setae are described for both gonopods. Internally, the gonopods have rosette glands in immature and mature individuals. The presence of secretions, which may be involved in the moulting process, was observed in immature males towards the external cuticle corresponding to the rosette glands. The rosette glands may be related to reproduction in mature males. Females presented a press-button holding system and a biconcave vulva. In immature females, smaller than 36.1 mm CW, the vulva aperture was closed by integument bulging to the outside. In mature females, larger than 42.6 mm CW, the locking system was almost fused to the cuticle, and the vulvae showed an open biconcave form with a more inner flexible membrane. Morphological characteristics shown by the gonopods of mature males develop synchronously with the acquisition of physiological maturity, not with morphometrical maturity. The mature holding systems and vulvae of females are developed synchronously with physiological and morphometrical maturity.
Pacifigorgia marviva(Anthozoa: Octocorallia) a new species from Coiba National Park, Pacific Panama
Authors: Guzman Hector M. , Breedy Odalisca 
Published: April 2011

Pacifigorgia marviva, a new shallow-water species of the family Gorgoniidae, was found in Coiba National Park, Pacific Panama at 35–40 m depth. It is characterized by having white to cream, small, erect colonies composed of 1–4 fronds, stems short or absent network irregular and open without fan midribs, and polyp mounds slightly raised and sparsely distributed. All sclerites are colourless. Coenenchymal sclerites mostly composed of long spindles reaching up to 0.25 mm in length, and long and thin anthocodial rods, up to 0.16 mm in length. Morphological characters are analysed and illustrated. Scanning electron microscopy was used for sclerite study. The new species is herein described and compared with other similar species reported from the eastern Pacific.Pacifigoria marvivaincreases the number ofPacifigorgiaspecies to 35; 20 in Panama representing 57% of the genus in the eastern Pacific, followed by Costa Rica and Ecuador with 14 and 10 species, respectively.
Development of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in Spanish-speaking language minority learners: A parallel process latent growth curve model
Authors: KIEFFER MICHAEL J. , LESAUX NONIE K. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDespite acknowledgement of the limited English vocabularies demonstrated by many language minority (LM) learners, few studies have identified skills that relate to variation in vocabulary growth in this population. This study investigated the concurrent development of morphological awareness (i.e., students’ understanding of complex words as combinations of meaningful smaller units) and vocabulary for LM learners in early adolescence. A cohort of Spanish-speaking LM learners (n = 90) was followed from fourth through seventh grade and assessed annually. Latent growth modeling results indicated a strong relationship between rates of growth in the two skills, such that learners with rapid growth in derivational morphological awareness also demonstrated rapid growth in vocabulary. Despite positive vocabulary growth during this period, the learners remained far below national norms. Findings highlight the need for language-focused instructional intervention for this population and suggest that morphological awareness may be a promising point of leverage for such instruction.
Revival of an old problem: an increase inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 8 infections in 2010 in England and Northern Ireland linked to duck eggs
Authors: NOBLE D. J. , LANE C. , LITTLE C. L. , DAVIES R. , PINNA E. De , LARKIN L. , MORGAN D. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 8 is uncommon in humans in the UK. In July 2010, the Health Protection Agency reported an excess isolation rate of pan-susceptibleS. Typhimurium DT8 in England and Northern Ireland. By the end of October, this amounted to 81 laboratory-confirmed human cases for all regions of England and Northern Ireland in 2010, an increase of 26% and 41% on 2009 and 2008, respectively. Descriptive epidemiological investigation found a strong association with infection and consumption of duck eggs. Duck eggs contaminated withS. Typhimurium DT8 were collected from a patient's home and also at farms in the duck-egg supply chain. Although duck eggs form a small part of total UK eggs sales, there has been significant growth in sales in recent years. This is the first known outbreak of salmonellosis linked to duck eggs in the UK since 1949 and highlighted the impact of a changing food source and market on the re-emergence of salmonellosis linked to duck eggs. Control measures by the duck-egg industry should be improved along with a continued need to remind the public and commercial caterers of the potential high risks of contracting salmonellosis from duck eggs.
Effects of chemically defined medium on early development of porcine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation and cloning
Authors: Cao Zubing , Sui Liucai , Li Yunsheng , Ji Suofei , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe present study was to investigate if a completely chemically defined medium (PZM-4) could support the early development of porcine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA) and cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), and to lay the foundation for determining the physiological roles of certain supplements in this medium. Porcine embryos derived from PA and SCNT were cultured in media: PZM-3 (a chemically semi-defined medium), PZM-4 (a fully defined medium), and PZM-5 (an undefined medium). Early embryo development was observed. We found that the three medium groups (PZM-3, PZM-4 and PZM-5) exhibited no significant differences in cleavage rates of PA embryos (p > 0.05), while the blastocyst rate in PZM-3 was significantly higher than in PZM-4 and PZM-5 (78.9% vs. 36.0% and 52.3%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, total cell number per blastocyst in PZM-3 was clearly higher than in PZM-5 but similar to that in PZM-4. As for SCNT embryos, no significant differences were observed for the cleavage rates or the blastocyst rates among the three groups (p > 0.05). However, total cell number per blastocyst in PZM-3 was notably higher than in PZM-5, but was similar to that in PZM-4. In conclusion, our results suggested that the completely chemically defined medium PZM-4 can be used to efficiently support the early development of porcine PA and SCNT embryos.
Structure and assembly of the essential RNA ring component of a viral DNA packaging motor
Authors: Ding Fang , Lu Changrui , Zhao Wei , Rajashankar Kanagalaghatta R. , Anderson Dwight L. , Jardine Paul J. , Grimes Shelley , Ke Ailong 
Published: April 2011

Prohead RNA (pRNA) is an essential component in the assembly and operation of the powerful bacteriophage
ϕ
29 DNA packaging motor. The pRNA forms a multimeric ring via intermolecular base-pairing interactions between protomers that serves to guide the assembly of the ring ATPase that drives DNA packaging. Here we report the quaternary structure of this rare multimeric RNA at 3.5 Å resolution, crystallized as tetrameric rings. Strong quaternary interactions and the inherent flexibility helped rationalize how free pRNA is able to adopt multiple oligomerization states in solution. These characteristics also allowed excellent fitting of the crystallographic pRNA protomers into previous prohead/pRNA cryo-EM reconstructions, supporting the presence of a pentameric, but not hexameric, pRNA ring in the context of the DNA packaging motor. The pentameric pRNA ring anchors itself directly to the phage prohead by interacting specifically with the fivefold symmetric capsid structures that surround the head-tail connector portal. From these contacts, five RNA superhelices project from the pRNA ring, where they serve as scaffolds for binding and assembly of the ring ATPase, and possibly mediate communication between motor components. Construction of structure-based designer pRNAs with little sequence similarity to the wild-type pRNA were shown to fully support the packaging of
ϕ
29 DNA.
Urban Literary Patronage in the Early Modern Low Countries: Public Festive Culture and Individual Authorship*
Authors: Mareel Samuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis essay deals with the nature, background, and consequences of urban patronage for individual rhetoricians in the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Low Countries. Although this phenomenon is most likely rooted in courtly practice, it is mainly because of the usefulness of rhetoricians in the context of urban public festivals that some of them received financial rewards from city authorities. My analysis shows how in the Low Countries urban festive culture and the oral dissemination of literary texts played an important, and heretofore largely neglected, role in the professionalization and individualization of authorship during the early modern period.
Ferroelectricity in ultrathin asymmetric ferroelectric tunnel junctions: vanishing critical thickness
Authors: Lakshminarayana G , Yang Rong , Mao Mengfei , Zhang Yang , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: April 2011

Parts of the discussion and conclusion of this article are similar to that published in [1].The aim of our paper is to discuss the effect of Yb co-doping on the infrared luminescence property of Bi-, Pb-, Pb, Sb-, and Sn-doped germanate glasses based on our previous investigations [2] and the research results published in [1]. In this paper, we have presented complete optical characterization results (absorption, photo-luminescence, NIR luminescence, and lifetime decay curves) on the prepared Bi, Bi/Yb; Pb, Pb/Yb; Sb, Sb/Yb; and Sn, Sn/Yb-doped gadalonium (Gd)-based aluminogermanate glasses. This is principally new and was not published by anybody before. We have presented in total 27 figures including the inset plots in our paper in support of our discussion. The research results we presented in our paper are generally a substantial development of the previously reported results on the near-infrared luminescent materials. Also, we have provided the results on the observed enhancement of near-infrared luminescence with Yb co-doping in table 1 in the manuscript which is a novel result. However, we over-cited the expressions in [1] for discussion and conclusion. The authors sincerely apologise to M Sharonovet aland the publishers for the unnecessary replication.References[1] Sharonov M Yuet al2008 Spectroscopic study of optical centers formed in Bi-, Pb-, Sb-, Sn-, Te-, and In-doped germanate glassesOpt. Lett.332131[2] Ruan Jet al2008 Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence and optical amplification in Yb–Bi codoped phosphate glassesAppl. Phys. Lett.92101121
Multi-platform segmentation for joint detection of copy number variants
Authors: Teo Shu Mei , Pawitan Yudi , Kumar Vikrant , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Seielstad Mark , Chia Kee Seng , Salim Agus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMotivation: With the expansion of whole-genome studies, there is rapid evolution of genotyping platforms. This leads to practical issues such as upgrading of genotyping equipment which often results in research groups having data from different platforms for the same samples. While having more data can potentially yield more accurate copy-number estimates, combining such data is not straightforward as different platforms show different degrees of attenuation of the true copy-number or different noise characteristics and marker panels. Currently, there is still a relative lack of procedures for combining information from different platforms.Results: We develop a method, called MPSS, based on a correlated random-effect model for the unobserved patterns and extend the robust smooth segmentation approach to the multiple-platform scenario. We also propose an objective criterion for discrete segmentation required for downstream analyses. For each identified segment, the software reports a P-value to indicate the likelihood of the segment being a true CNV. From the analyses of real and simulated data, we show that MPSS has better operating characteristics when compared to single-platform methods, and have substantially higher sensitivity compared to an existing multiplatform method.Availability: The methods are implemented in an R package MPSS, and the source is available from http://www.meb.ki.se/~yudpaw.Contact: agus_salim@nuhs.edu.sgSupplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.