bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Delinquency and Occupational Choice
Authors: Paulson Cindy Patrice 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Juvenile delinquents and the chronically ill or disabled share a common role of “nonproductive” members in a utilitarian society. The exploratory, case method study described here uses the Occupational Behavior frame of reference in examining the relationships between the maturational and occupational choice processes, and how their progression can be supported or constrained by environmental factors. The study and its findings then served as a basis for the design and implementation of a full-time occupational therapy program at the facility in which the study was conducted.
Flexible Elastomer Molds in Burn Scar Control
Authors: Malick Maude H. , Carr Judith A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Burn scar hypertrophies and contractures have responded well to pressure techniques with pressure gradient burn garments except over soft tissue areas and concave body areas such as the axilla, hand, clavicle, neck, and face. Although these areas represent only 20 percent of the body area, when scarred from burns they pose perplexing functional and esthetic problems. Rigid splints and face masks have been used but their rigidity makes them uncomfortable for long-term wear. SilasticR Medical Elastomer molds have proved highly successful in these areas when worn under pressure garments. They are flexible and of definite shape. The elastomer molds fill the concave gapping so that consistent definitive pressure can be maintained and scar hypertrophies prevented.
The Modern Family and Rehabilitation of the Handicapped: A Macrosociological View
Authors: Zisserman Lenore 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Modernization of society has fundamentally altered the family institution and at the same time has produced a medical institution capable of decreasing the prevalence of infectious diseases, while increasing the prevalence of chronic handicaps. Structural and functional changes in the family resulting from modernization include: smaller size and increased mobility; more women employed outside the home; age segregation and increased longevity of members; higher rates of dissolution; and loss of functions to other institutions in a more specialized society. Changes making the modern family ill-equipped to care for the chronically disabled are discussed, together with implications for rehabilitation.
Duration and Quality of the Prone Extension Position in Four-, Six-, and Eight-Year-Old Normal Children
Authors: Harris Nancy P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether developmental changes occur in the duration and quality of maintaining a prone extension position. Three groups of 26 to 30 normal children ages 4, 6, and 8 years were tested on the prone extension position. Results indicated a significant difference in both duration of maintenance and quality between the performance of the four-year-olds and the other two age groups. No significant differences were found between the six- and eight-year-olds. Smooth assumption of the position and distance of thighs off the mat were found to be the most important factors in discriminating a good prone extension position from an inadequate one. The variability of performance by the four-year-olds indicates that the ability to assume and maintain a prone extension position is not a valid measurement tool for discriminating between normal children and those “at risk” for learning disabilities at this age level. The inability of children six years or older to maintain a “good” prone extension position for 30 seconds suggests a vestibular processing inefficiency.
Occupational Therapists as Members of Pre-Retirement Resource Teams
Authors: Cantor Susan G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Some significant issues contributing to the emergence of pre-retirement and post-retirement services are presented in order to explore reasons why advocates of pre-retirement planning continue to gain momentum. A detailed four-step process for understanding one’s use of time, called Tactical Activity Planning (TAP), is presented for occupational therapists who choose to join pre-retirement resource teams.
Use of Resting Splints by Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Feinberg Judy , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A follow-up evaluation of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were fitted with full bilateral wrist and hand resting splints revealed that 62 percent wore them most or all of the prescribed time. Patients deviated from the prescribed splint program when their symptoms remitted or diminished, and adhered more closely to the program when they experienced persistent inflammation. Patients splinted during a hospital stay were somewhat more compliant than those splinted as outpatients. Patients judged to be noncompliant discontinued splint usage because of a decrease in joint pain or stiffness, or both. Their decision did not appear detrimental, since, during the course of the study, there was no significant difference between compliant and noncompliant patients in range of motion of hand or wrist joints at followup evaluation and, when range of motion at the time of initial evaluation was compared with that at the follow-up examination, a higher proportion of noncompliant (37%) than compliant patients (16%) showed improvement.
Influence of Sensory Integration Procedures on Language Development
Authors: Ayres A. Jean , Mailloux Zoe 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The relationship between language development and sensory integration was explored through single case experimental studies of one female and three male aphasic children ranging in age from 4 years, 0 months to 5 years, 3 months. Other agencies had assessed all the children in the area of language development at least 6 months before the start of occupational therapy. Three of the four children had received either speech therapy, special education specific to aphasia, or both, before starting occupational therapy. Additional baseline data on language expression and comprehension, as well as on sensory integrative functioning, were gathered before beginning a year of occupational therapy that involved sensory integration procedures. Inspection of rate of language growth before and after starting occupational therapy showed a consistent increase in rate of growth in language comprehensive concomitant with occupational therapy compared to previous growth rate. The two children with depressed postrotary nystagmus demonstrated notable gains on expressive language measures.
Relationship between Constructional Praxis and Dressing in the Head-Injured Adult
Authors: Baum Barbara , Hall Karyl M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the potential relationship between dressing ability and constructional praxis performance in a head-injured population. Thirty-seven patients with severe head injuries were rated on dressing ability and constructional praxis tasks in a rehabilitation setting. Three constructional praxis measures were taken: graphic, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional abilities. A significant relationship was found between mean dressing ability scores and all three constructional praxis scores. These findings suggest that a portion of inability to dress is perceptual, not motor, in origin in individuals with severe head-injuries, and that constructional praxis re-training has functional significance for the patient. No relationship was found between presence or absence of Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan) abnormality and dressing or constructional praxis disability.
Reliability of Dichotic Listening Using Two Stimulus Formats with Normal and Learning-Disabled Children
Authors: Koomar Jane A. , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was designed to establish test-retest reliability of the consonant vowel and digit formats of the dichotic listening test with normal and learning-disabled children between the ages of 7 and 10 years. Between-group differences on ear advantage and total accuracy scores were also examined. The results indicated that both groups showed a right ear advantage and that there were no significant differences in ear advantage between the two groups on either format. However, on the digit format, the learning-disabled group performed significantly lower than the normal group on both the percentage of total accuracy and the left ear raw score. There were no significant differences between the two groups on percentage of total accuracy or raw ear scores on the consonant vowel format. The normal group tended to obtain higher reliability coefficients than the learning-disabled group. Both groups tended to obtain higher reliability on the consonant vowel format than on the digit format. Wide variability in reliability results was found when using different laterality formulas to determine ear advantage.
Studies of Play: Implications for Growth, Development, and for Clinical Practice
Authors: Florey Linda L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The clinical yields of studies of play conducted by graduate students in occupational therapy are identified, and the boundaries of the studies are described. The theme of change in play over time is acknowledged as prominent in all the studies. Open systems and hierarchy are helpful concepts for understanding the process of change in growth and development through play. Clinical tasks to facilitate the change process are cited.
Vestibular Stimulation Effect on Language Development in Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: Kantner Robert M. , Kantner Beth , Clark David L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Effects of specific vestibular stimulation and speech therapy on language ability in mentally retarded children were examined. Thirty subjects were assigned to three treatment groups on the basis of the rank order of overall scores on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability in Children (PICAC). Group I received specific vestibular input in addition to specific speech therapy. Group II received specific speech therapy alone. Group III received general speech stimulation. Treatment was given during a 6-week period, Group I receiving semicircular canal stimulation twice a week. Results indicated that all three treatments produce some improvement in general communication skills. Group I showed higher mean percentage gains in all areas of the PICAC, especially verbal, except visual and gestural in which Group II (specific speech) showed highest gains. However, analysis of variance indicated that these differences among groups were not significant.
The hypothetical connection between the vestibular stimulation and language ability or acquisition and implications for future research are discussed.
Environmental Interactions: An Extension of the Model of Occupation
Authors: Barris Roann 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although occupational therapists historically acknowledged contributions of the environment to the maintenance of productive behavior, their literature has only recently begun to illustrate the interrelationships between persons and settings. Incorporating environmental themes into the model of occupation broadens an examination of the concept of occupational performance and helps establish the clinic as a therapeutic milieu. This paper considers three facets of person-environment interactions: environmental properties that influence the volition subsystem and the person’s decision to enter a setting; the influence of the setting’s demands for performance on the development of roles, habits, and skills; and factors affecting the individual’s engagement in an expanding range of occupational settings.
A Case Analysis Method for the Model of Human Occupation
Authors: Cubie Sally Hobbs , Kaplan Kathy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper introduces a method for analyzing clinical cases, which is based on ten primary questions and on criteria for selecting level of treatment. The questions and the criteria are derived from the model of human occupation. Four steps in the method are: gathering data in relevant categories; reviewing and analyzing data using the questions in sequence; selecting levels of treatment; and recording case studies. Three brief case studies taken from an acute care psychiatric setting are described to illustrate the use of this method.
Patterns of Postrotary Nystagmus in Three Learning-Disabled Children
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study explores the effect of a program of sensory integration therapy, with emphasis on vestibular stimulation activities, on the duration of postrotary nystagmus in three learning-disabled children. The single-subject methodology employed allowed a more individualistic and longitudinal investigation of nystagmus patterns in the three subjects. The graphic and statistical analysis of the data revealed that two of the three subjects evidenced significant changes in postrotary nystagmus durations over the 25-week period of the study. Subject 1, with initially low nystagmus durations, displayed an increase in duration, whereas subject 2, with initially normal postrotary nystagmus durations, exhibited a response decline in nystagmus durations. The postrotary nystagmus durations of subject 2 remained relatively stable across both the baseline and intervention periods. The therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed, and areas in need of additional investigation are highlighted.
A Comparison of Dorsal and Volar Resting Hand Splints in the Reduction of Hypertonus
Authors: McPherson James J. , Kreimeyer Deborah , Aalderks Marylynn , Gallagher Trese 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Ten adults with hypertonic wrist flexors volunteered as subjects in an experiment comparing the effectiveness of dorsal and volar resting hand splints in the reduction of abnormal muscle tone. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of five each. Individuals in one group were fitted with dorsal splints, and individuals in a second group with volar splints. Measurements by spring-weighted scales were taken to assess the efficiency of each splint design in the reduction of hypertonus. Results demonstrated no significant differences between the volar and dorsal splints in reducing hypertonus. However, the age of the subjects was found to be an intervening variable: The older subjects of both groups demonstrated a gradual but not significant decline in hypertonus, whereas the younger adults demonstrated a significant decline in hypertonus over a 6-week period.
Plaster Splinting as a Means of Reducing Elbow Flexor Spasticity: A Case Study
Authors: King Theodore I. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper, the use of plaster splinting as a means of reducing elbow flexor spasticity is discussed. A single case study was used to gather detailed descriptions regarding the patient’s medical history, the splinting procedure, and the results of the treatment intervention. Data indicate that the spasticity decreased upon the use of plaster splinting.
A Heritage of Activity: Development of Theory
Authors: Kielhofner Gary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of theory development and its implications for theory and practice in occupational therapy. The heritage of activity is traced from the early thinking of occupational therapy’s progenitors, and principles are identified from that era that are viable for today’s theory and practice. It is argued that the field (occupational therapy) should build its theory around the concept of occupation. Finally, sociopolitical issues affecting the development of theory are examined.
Independence Through Activity: Mind, Body, and Environment Interaction in Therapy
Authors: DiJoseph Linda Madigan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Philosophy, theory, and practice are not separate entities but lie on a continuum. Our philosophy in occupational therapy speaks to purposeful activity and Man as an active being. In treatment, we must integrate philosophy and theory into practice, including the use of activity as our primary tool. We must also integrate activity into the totality of motor behavior and consider mind, body, and environment in all areas of practice.
Occupational Therapy and Special Education: Some Issues and Concerns Related to Public Law 94-142
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Because of the evolving nature of the professions involved in providing services to the developmentally disabled as mandated by PL 94-142, the potential for theoretical and programatic conflict exists. Some of the philosophical differences and similarities between occupational therapy and special education are reviewed. Two conceptual approaches to therapy and education are identified. The first approach is based on the medical model, which emphasizes diagnostic evaluation to determine the cause of a disorder and the prescription of remedial activities to alleviate the dysfunction. The second approach is the task analysis model, which emphasizes task content and behaviorally based teaching strategies and objectives. It is proposed that, through a mutual understanding and cooperative effort on the part of all professionals, the two models may be combined to provide comprehensive services to the developmentally disabled.
Mental Health Issues in Japan
Authors: Fine Susan B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
They are (all) true. Both the sword and the chrysanthemum are a part of the picture. The Japanese are, to the highest degree, both aggressive and unaggressive, both militaristic and aesthetic, both insolent and polite, rigid and adaptable, submissive and resentful of being pushed around, loyal and treacherous, brave and timid, conservative, and hospitable to new ways. They are terribly concerned about what other people will think of their behavior and they are also overcome by guilt when other people know nothing of their misstep.(1, p 2)
Quality Assurance: A Tri-Level Model
Authors: Menzel Ferol Schricker , Teegarden Kathryn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A Tri-Level Quality Assurance Model consisting of state, local, and national levels of organization is described. Quality assurance is defined as a broad concept integrating traditional quality assurance activities with professional education and credentialing. The Iowa Occupational Therapy Association Professional Standards Review System is described as an example of the Tri-Level Model. Components of the Tri-Level Model include professional education, professional credentialing, development of standards of practice, liaison activities with the Professional Standards Review Organizations and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, continuing education, external review, and internal review. It is recommended that, with the growth in quality assurance activities, state associations consider the Tri-Level Quality Assurance Model as a valuable tool for professional development.
Effect of State on Nystagmus Duration on the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test
Authors: Montgomery Patricia C. , Rodel Donna M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of state on nystagmus duration following administration of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT). Twenty-four normal children, 12 first-graders and 12 fourth-graders, were administered the SCPNT under three conditions: aroused, relaxed, and alert (standard instructions). Six boys and six girls in each grade participated. First-grade boys and fourth-grade girls demonstrated a statistically significant response decline in the aroused condition, and a further decline in the relaxed condition as compared to the alert condition. Further analyses demonstrated that the first-grade boys accounted for most of the variance. Possible reasons for the results obtained are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.
Expanded Normative Data: Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test
Authors: Punwar Alice 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A comparison study was conducted in which 372 subjects, ages 3 through 10 years, were tested by using the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. The purpose of the study was to determine the generalizability of the original normative data for the test by using a larger sample and an expanded age range of subjects. A comparison of these data from the comparison study with the original normative data showed close agreement. No significant differences in vestibular responsivity were obtained for age, sex, or interaction. Test-retest reliability was comparable to that found for the original normative group. The results of the comparison study were consistent with the original normative data and suggest that they may be applied to subjects from 3 through 10 years of age.
Administrative Patterns in Curriculum-Clinic Interactions
Authors: Snow Teena , Mitchell Marlys M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A questionnaire was sent to directors of occupational therapy curricula and faculty members, to directors of occupational therapy clinics and clinicians, to deans of medical schools, and to hospital administrators in order to determine the professional and administrative relationships between occupational therapy academic programs and clinical programs. Results of the survey, analyzed by groups, indicated that informal relationships were prevalent, whereas other relationships were poorly delineated. Strengths and weaknesses of formal and informal relationships are presented. Finally, a model for interaction is proposed.
Sponsorship: Developing Leaders for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Rogers Joan C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Professional sponsorship is a helping relationship aimed at a career advancement. It includes the hierarchical association between the mentor and protégé, and the collegial associations between peer mentors, among “peer pals,” and in support networks. Sponsors serve as advocates, emotional supporters, and information-givers for those they sponsor. The adoption of sponsorship as a leadership development strategy for occupational therapy is recommended, and illustrations of initiating and using sponsorship are given.
Ecological Systems Model for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Howe Margot C. , Briggs Anne K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents a conceptual model for occupational therapy: the ecological systems model. The developing individual is viewed as an open system interacting with the environment. Both humans and their environment are interconnected, joined in shaping each other. States of health and illness can be seen as reflections of ecological adaptation. Function or dysfunction is evaluated in terms of persons’ effectiveness in achieving their own goals, for their own quality of life, in their interactions in the ecosystem. If performance of necessary tasks and roles is effective in achieving those goals and in harmony with the needs and goals of the external systems, then behavior is functional.
State Licensure for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Davy Jane D. , Peters Mary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This is the first in a series of article addressing critical issues facing the profession. Those issues are presented to inform members of their complexity and to provide members with specific actions they can take to support the continued strengthening of the role of occupational therapy in health and education. This article was prepared by Jane D. Davy, OTR, and Mary Peters, M.S., OTR, Government and Legal Affairs Division, The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.