bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of immediate radical cystectomy versus intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin therapy for high‐risk, high‐grade (T1G3) bladder cancer
Authors: Kulkarni Girish S. , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Finelli Antonio , Fleshner Neil E. , Jewett Michael A. S. , Lopushinsky Steven R. , Bayoumi Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although both radical cystectomy and intravesical immunotherapy are initial treatment options for high‐risk, T1, grade 3 (T1G3) bladder cancer, controversy regarding the optimal strategy persists. Because bladder cancer is the most expensive malignancy to treat per patient, decisions regarding the optimal treatment strategy should consider costs.METHODS:A Markov Monte‐Carlo cost‐effectiveness model was created to simulate the outcomes of a cohort of patients with incident, high‐risk, T1G3 bladder cancer. Treatment options included immediate cystectomy and conservative therapy with intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG). The base case was a man aged 60 years. Parameter uncertainty was assessed with probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Scenario analyses were used to explore the 2 strategies among patients stratified by age and comorbidity.RESULTS:The quality‐adjusted survival with immediate cystectomy and BCG therapy was 9.46 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and 9.39 QALYs, respectively. The corresponding mean per‐patient discounted lifetime costs (in 2005 Canadian dollars) were $37,600 and $42,400, respectively. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY, the probability that immediate cystectomy was cost‐effective was 67%. Immediate cystectomy was the dominant (more effective and less expensive) therapy for patients aged <60 years, whereas BCG therapy was dominant for patients aged >75 years. With increasing comorbidity, BCG therapy was dominant at lower age thresholds.CONCLUSIONS:Compared with BCG therapy, immediate radical cystectomy for average patients with high‐risk, T1G3 bladder cancer yielded better health outcomes and lower costs. Tailoring therapy based on patient age and comorbidity may increase survival while yielding significant cost‐savings for the healthcare system. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Detection of Hepatitis C Virus 1a Oligonucleotide Chain by a Label‐Free Electrochemical DNA Hybridization Biosensor Using Consensus Sequence of Hepatitis C Virus 1a Probe on the Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Pournaghi‐Azar M. H. , Ahour F. , Hejazi M. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe short sequence related to hepatitis C virus (HCV1) is detected by a label‐free DNA hybridization biosensor. The sensor relies on the immobilization of a 20‐mer oligonucleotide containing 2 guanine and 11 cytosine bases denoted PHCV1 as probe on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The hybridization event was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using the guanine signal. The selectivity of the biosensor was studied using some noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Diagnostic performance of the biosensor is described and the detection limit was found to be 6.5 nM.
Quantitative Photoelectrochemical Detection of Biotin Conjugated CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots on the Avidin Immobilized ITO Electrodes
Authors: Baş Deniz , Boyacı İsmail Hakkı 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhotocurrent generation from CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots (QDs) in a photoelectrochemical cell was proposed to perform a bioaffinity biosensor in this study. The photocurrent of QDs is reversible and methylene blue as an electron transfer mediator causes a four‐fold increase in the photocurrent. We further present quantitative photoelectrochemical detection of biotin conjugated QDs on the avidin immobilized ITO electrodes. A linear calibration graph was obtained in the range of 4 and 18 nM of biotin conjugated QDs with a coefficient of determination of 0.997. Results imply that QDs can be successfully used as photoelectroactive labels for the photoelectrochemical biosensor systems.
Novel Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Gallium(III) with Presence of Catechol Using Mercury Film Silver Based Electrode
Authors: Piech Robert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the determination of trace gallium(III) based on the adsorption of gallium(III)‐catechol complex on the cyclic renewable mercury film silver based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) is presented. The effects of various factors such as: preconcentration potential and time, pulse height, step potential and supporting electrolyte composition are optimized. The calibration graph is linear from 2 nM (0.14 μg L−1) to 100 nM (6.97 μg L−1) for a preconcentration time of 30 s, with correlation coefficient of 0.9993. For a Hg(Ag)FE with a surface area of 9.7 mm2 the detection limit for a preconcentration time of 90 s is as low as 7 ng L−1. The repeatability of the method at a concentration level of the analyte as low as 0.05 μg L−1, expressed as RSD is 3.6% (n=5). The proposed method was successfully applied by studying the natural samples and simultaneous recovery of Ga(III) from spiked water and sediment samples.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Encased in Ruthenium Oxide Film as a Hybrid Material for Neurotransmitters Sensor
Authors: Ti Chien‐Chieh , Umasankar Yogeswaran , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA hybrid film (MWCNTs‐RuOx⋅nH2O) which contains multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) along with the incorporation of ruthenium oxide (RuOx⋅nH2O) has been synthesized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), gold (Au), indium tin oxide (ITO) and screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by potentiostatic methods. The presence of MWCNTs in the hybrid film enhances surface coverage concentration (Γ) of RuOx⋅nH2O to ≈2100%. The surface morphology of the hybrid film deposited on ITO has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These two techniques reveal that the RuOx⋅nH2O incorporated on MWCNTs. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study too reveals the incorporation of MWCNTs and RuOx⋅nH2O. The MWCNTs‐RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film exhibits promising enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the biochemical compounds such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. The electrocatalytic responses of these analytes at RuOx⋅nH2O, MWCNTs and MWCNTs‐RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid films have been measured using cyclic voltammetry. The obtained sensitivity values from electrocatalysis studies of analytes for MWCNTs‐RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film are higher than the RuOx⋅nH2O and MWCNTs films. Finally, the flow injection analysis has been used for the amperometric studies of analytes at MWCNTs‐RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film modified SPCEs.
Prussian Blue Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode: Electrochemical Characterization and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Measurements
Authors: Haghighi Behzad , Nikzad Ramin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrussian blue modified carbon ionic liquid electrodes (PB‐CILEs) were fabricated using chemical and electrochemical procedures. Chemically fabricated PB‐CILE exhibited an excellent sensitivity (0.0866 μA μM−1), low detection limit (0.01 μM) and two linear ranges (0.01–1 and 1–600 μM) toward hydrogen peroxide. Then, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the surface of PB‐CILE to fabricate glucose biosensor using three different procedures involving cross linking with glutaraldehyde (GLU) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), entrapment into the Nafion matrix and covering with a sol‐gel layer. Glucose biosensor fabricated using cross linking procedure showed the best sensitivity (0.0019 μA μM−1) and operational stability for glucose.
RBC electrophoresis with discontinuous power supply – a newly established hemoglobin release test
Authors: Su Yan , Shao Guo , Gao Lijun , Zhou Lishe , Qin Liangyi , Qin Wenbin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we aimed to introduce a newly established red blood cells (RBCs) electrophoresis method hemoglobin release test (HRT) and tried to determine its significance. Human blood samples from β‐thalassemia patients and healthy controls were analyzed with HRT, which was carried out on starch–agarose mixed gel. First, the whole blood samples were electrophoresed for 2 h, then paused for 15 min and ran for 15 min by turns. This “pause‐run‐pause” experiment was performed for several turns and the total electrophoresis time lasted for about 6 h. The results showed that some other hemoglobin (Hb) components were released from the origin of each sample during the HRT, and the samples from β‐thalassemia patients released more Hb than the healthy controls. This finding demonstrates that Hb may exist differently associated in RBCs, and it may have an important theoretical and clinical significance in Hb and RBC research.
Proteomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni freeze‐dried culture to assess the importance of cell acclimation to conduct malolactic fermentation in wine
Authors: Cecconi Daniela , Milli Alberto , Rinalducci Sara , Zolla Lello , Zapparoli Giacomo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCultures of Oenococcus oeni, the most important malolactic bacterium, are used to induce malolactic fermentation in wine. Survival assays in two different wines confirmed that cells acclimated for 24 h in half‐strength wine‐like medium (acclimation medium) enhanced the malolactic performances. To investigate the effect of the pre‐incubation phase on cell physiology, a proteomic study was carried out. Total protein extracts of acclimated and non‐acclimated cell cultures (control) were analyzed by 2‐D‐PAGE. A total of 20 out of approximately 400 spots varied significantly. All the spots were identified by MS analysis and most of them were proteins involved in metabolism, transcription/translation processes and stress response. The results revealed the different physiological status between non‐acclimated and acclimated cells explaining, in part, their different behavior in wine. Regulation of stress proteins such as heat and cold shock proteins was involved. Moreover, the availability of sugars and amino acids (even if at low concentration) in acclimation medium determined a modulation of energy metabolism enhancing the resistance to stressful conditions (as those that cells find in wine when inoculated). Finally, this proteomic study increased knowledge concerning the physiological changes in freeze‐dried culture occurring with pre‐inoculation procedures.
Single‐step purification of the recombinant green fluorescent protein from intact Escherichia coli cells using preparative PAGE
Authors: Chew Few Ne , Tan Wen Siang , Ling Tau Chuan , Tey Beng Ti 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMechanical and non‐mechanical breakages of bacterial cells are usually the preliminary steps in intracellular protein purification. In this study, the recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) was purified from intact Escherichia coli cells using preparative PAGE. In this purification process, cells disruption step is not needed. The cellular content of E. coli was drifted out electrically from cells and the negatively charged GFP was further electroeluted from polyacrylamide gel column. SEM investigation of the electrophoresed cells revealed substantial structural damage at the cellular level. This integrated purification technique has successfully recovered the intracellular GFP with a yield of 82% and purity of 95%.
Numerical study of fast pyrolysis of woody biomass in a gravity‐driven reactor
Authors: Choi Hang Seok , Choi Yeon Seok , Kim Seock Joon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the present study, computational fluid dynamics is applied to investigate fast pyrolysis characteristics of woody biomass in a gravity‐driven reactor. A Eulerian‐Eulerian approach is adopted, including three gas species and three solid phases, for multiphase reacting flow fields between solid and gas. Two‐stage semiglobal reaction kinetics considering the secondary tar cracking mechanism is used for simulation of the pyrolysis reaction. The flow and pyrolysisreaction characteristics of the reactor are investigated, and the reaction rates of woody biomass pyrolysis are evaluated for streamwise locations in the reactor. Also, the inlet condition and inclination angle are changed to study their effects on the reaction. From the predicted results, it is seen that the heat transfer to biomass is governed mainly by mixing of particles, and this influences the final pyrolysis reaction. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
No association between fruit, vegetables, antioxidant nutrients and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bertoia Monica , Albanes Demetrius , Mayne Susan T. , Männistö Satu , Virtamo Jarmo , Wright Margaret E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrevious epidemiologic studies that have examined the relationship between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and intakes of plant foods and antioxidant nutrients have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore examined the associations between intakes of fruit, vegetables, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin E and vitamin C and RCC risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort. At baseline, 27,062 male Finnish smokers aged 50–69 years completed a 276‐item dietary questionnaire that included questions on frequency of consumption and portion size. During up to 19 years of follow‐up, 255 men developed RCC. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Despite a large range in intake, no association was observed between fruit, vegetables or antioxidant nutrients and RCC risk. For example, multivariate RRs and 95% CIs for the highest versus the lowest quartile of intake were 0.79 (0.55–1.14), 1.23 (0.85–1.79), 1.09 (0.74–1.60), 0.83 (0.57–1.21), 1.09 (0.73–1.64) and 0.99 (0.67–1.46) for fruit, vegetables, total carotenoids, total flavonoids, total vitamin E and vitamin C, respectively (all p values for trend > 0.05). Our results indicate that diet may not play a large role in the etiology of RCC in male smokers, although further examination of these associations in nonsmokers, women and diverse racial populations is warranted.
Antioxidant intake from fruits, vegetables and other sources and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: the Iowa Women's Health Study
Authors: Thompson Carrie A. , Habermann Thomas M. , Wang Alice H. , Vierkant Robert A. , Folsom Aaron R. , Ross Julie A. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAntioxidant nutrients found in fruits, vegetables and other foods are thought to inhibit carcinogenesis and to influence immune status. We evaluated the association of these factors with risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) overall and for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma specifically in a prospective cohort of 35,159 Iowa women aged 55–69 years when enrolled at baseline in 1986. Diet was ascertained using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Through 2005, 415 cases of NHL (including 184 DLBCL and 90 follicular) were identified. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for age and total energy. The strongest associations of antioxidants with risk of NHL (RR for highest versus lowest quartile;pfor trend) were observed for dietary vitamin C (RR = 0.78;p= 0.044), α‐carotene (RR = 0.71;p= 0.015), proanthocyanidins (RR = 0.70;p= 0.0024) and dietary manganese (RR = 0.62;p= 0.010). There were no associations with multivitamin use or supplemental intake of vitamins C, E, selenium, zinc, copper or manganese. From a food perspective, greater intake of total fruits and vegetables (RR = 0.69;p= 0.011), yellow/orange (RR = 0.72;p= 0.015) and cruciferous (RR = 0.82;p= 0.017) vegetables, broccoli (RR = 0.72;p= 0.018) and apple juice/cider (RR = 0.65;p= 0.026) were associated with lower NHL risk; there were no strong associations for other antioxidant‐rich foods, including whole grains, chocolate, tea or nuts. Overall, these associations were mainly observed for follicular lymphoma and were weaker or not apparent for DLBCL. In conclusion, these results support a role for vegetables, and perhaps fruits and associated antioxidants from food sources, as protective factors against the development of NHL and follicular lymphoma in particular.
A two‐photon europium complex as specific endoplasmic reticulum probe
Authors: Law Ga‐Lai , Wong Ka‐Leung , Man Cornelia Wing‐Yin , Tsao Sai‐Wah , Wong Wing‐Tak 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHighly emissive europium complexes with specific endoplasmic reticulum localization potential includes several advantages such as fast uptake, long resident lifetime, low dosage requirement, low cytotoxicity and highly emissive two‐photon induced f‐f emission imaging. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liquid membrane technology: fundamentals and review of its applications
Authors: San Román M. F. , Bringas E. , Ibañez R. , Ortiz I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOVERVIEW: During the past two decades, liquid membrane technology has grown into an accepted unit operation for a wide variety of separations. The increase in the use of this technology owing to strict environmental regulations and legislation together with the wider acceptance of this technology in preference to conventional separation processes has led to a spectacular advance in membrane development, module configurations, applications, etc.IMPACT: Liquid membrane technology makes it possible to attain high selectivity as well as efficient use of energy and material relative to many other separation systems. However, in spite of the known advantages of liquid membranes, there are very few examples of industrial applications because of the problems associated with the stability of the liquid membrane.APPLICATIONS: Liquid membrane technology has found applications in the fields of chemical and pharmaceutical technology, biotechnology, food processing and environmental engineering. On the other hand, its use in other fields, such as in the case of hydrogen separation, the recovery of aroma compounds from fruits, the application of ionic liquids in the membrane formulation, etc., is increasing rapidly. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of HBT on the stability of laccase during the decolourization of textile wastewaters
Authors: Khlifi Rim , Sayadi Sami , Belbahri Lassaad , Woodward Steve , Mechichi Tahar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study concerns the assessment of laccase stability during textile industry effluent treatment by laccase in the presence of a mediatorRESULTS: The effects of 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and textile wastewater on the stability of a crude laccase prepared from cultures of Trametes trogii during the process of textile industry effluent decolourization were determined. HBT was essential for decolourization of effluent by laccase. Decolourization efficiency decreased when effluent was repeatedly added to the reaction mixture, suggesting inhibition of laccase during the process. Stability of the laccase was not affected by different concentrations of effluent, but inactivation was proportional to HBT concentration.CONCLUSION: Experimental results showed that a redox mediator such as HBT was required for high decolourization rate of textile industry effluent; however free radicals generated from this compound inactivated the laccase used in the process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of engineered Escherichia coli cells to detect estrogenicity in everyday consumer products
Authors: Gawrys Michelle D. , Hartman Izabela , Landweber Laura F. , Wood David W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Estrogenic activity has been observed in several industrial and household products, and some evidence suggests that this activity may be linked to increased pathologies in humans and animals. Here, an engineered strain of Escherichia coli is evaluated for its ability to detect estrogenic activity in complex mixtures, including natural dietary supplements, hand and body washes, essential oils, and perfumes. The engineered E. coli biosensor strain expresses the ligand‐binding domain of the human estrogen receptor β (ERβ) as part of a larger allosteric reporter enzyme. The result is a simple bacterial growth assay, where estrogenic activity of a test compound is reflected by increased cell growth on a simple defined medium.RESULTS: While most consumer products did not yield a strong estrogenic response in the assay, a consistent estrogenic effect was observed with several perfumes. This effect is probably due to the presence of the known estrogen, benzophenone‐2, which exhibited an EC50 concentration of 0.44 µmol L−1 for the sensor strains used.CONCLUSIONS: This simple, bacterial biosensor is capable of rapidly and inexpensively detecting estrogenic activity in complex consumer products, and may eventually yield rough estimates of the equivalent estrogen doses associated with their use. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of urea surface modification and photocatalytic cleaning on surface‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry with amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Watanabe Takehiro , Okumura Koji , Kawasaki Hideya , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of urea surface modification and the photocatalytic cleaning on surface‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS) with amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles for the reduction of the background noise and the improvement of the sensitivity. In the use of nanoparticles of high surface area, chemical background signals arising from ambient environments and organic contaminants can frequently be serious problems below 500 Da, possibly reducing the advantages of the matrix‐free approach. In this study, removal of contaminants and enhanced SALDI efficiency were easily achieved with UV irradiation via the photocatalyst effect of TiO2 before SALDI‐MS measurements. The surface cleaning achieved by the UV photocatalytic procedure reduced the background noise and increased the peak intensities of peptides. In addition, we found that urea surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles increased the performance of the TiO2‐SALDI‐MS. (1) The urea‐surface modification of TiO2 made it possible to produce proton‐adduct forms without citrate buffer, resulting in low background noises below 500 Da, in contrast to the essential use of a citrate buffer in the bare TiO2‐SALDI‐MS. (2) The detection sensitivity of angiotensin I increased to 0.3 fmol with the urea‐surface modification, as compared to the use of bare TiO2 nanoparticles (6 fmol). The urea‐TiO2 could ionize proteins of more than 20 000 Da such as trypsinogen (600 fmol). (3) The urea modification of TiO2 had the advantage of selective detection of phosphopeptides without sample clean up, or prefractionation in tryptic digest products of bovine hemoglobin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.