bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scalby Formation (Middle Jurassic, Ravenscar Group) of Yorkshire: reassessment of age and depositional environment
Authors: Fisher M. J. , Hancock N. J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Re-examination of the Scalby Formation of the Middle Jurassic Ravenscar Group in Yorkshire, using integrated sedimentology and palynofacies techniques, has led to a re-interpretation of the depositional environments. Overlying the marine Scarborough Formation, the Moor Grit Member appears to represent a deltaic distributary system. Where overbank deposits are preserved, they are found to reflect saline interdistributary bay environments. Similar saline-influenced delta plain deposition persisted throughout sedimentation of the overlying Long Nab member, interrupted by smaller distributary channels of varying sinuosity, some of which may have been partly tidal.
Palynological evidence indicates that at least part of the Long Nab Member is no younger than late Bajocian in age.
The Stockdale (Yarlside) Rhyolite - a rheomorphic ignimbrite?
Authors: MILLWARD D. , LAWRENCE D. J. D. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The Stockdale Rhyolite Member of the Coniston Limestone Formation is exposed discontinuously for 13 km from Kentmere to Shap in the eastern Lake District. It occurs within marine sedimentary rocks of Cautleyan age (Ashgill Series). The member consists of a maximum of 185 m of pink to pale grey, massive to intensely fractured, platy-jointed, flow-banded and flow-folded rocks of rhyolitic composition, locally underlain and overlain by impersistent beds of clastic rocks composed largely of pumice and felsic fragments. The Stockdale ‘Rhyolite’ has previously been interpreted as a line of coeval lava flows, but outcrop length to thickness ratios, textural characteristics and associated sedimentary rocks are more diagnostic of it being a rheomorphic ignimbrite.
Some Dinantian chonopectinid productaceans (Brachiopoda) from the British Isles
Authors: Brunton C. H. C. , Mundy D. J. C. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The occurrence of Dinantian Chonopectinae in the British Isles is discussed.
Productus carringtoniana
Davidson is removed from the genus
Chonetipustula
and designated the type-species of a new genus
Carringtonia.
A newly discovered chonopectinid
Palmerhytis stebdenensis
gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Craven Reef Belt of North Yorkshire and a formerly unnamed chonopectinid,
P. bunnahonensis
sp. nov., from Co. Fermanagh, Ireland is referred to the same genus.
The Carboniferous cystoporate bryozoan
Eridopora macrostoma
Ulrich from the north of England
Authors: Bancroft A. J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The encrusting fistuliporid cystoporate bryozoan
Eridopora macrostoma
Ulrich, hitherto known only from the Bangor, Glen Dean and Golconda Limestones (Pendleian) in Alabama, Kentucky and Indiana, U.S.A., is described from the Ashfell Sandstone (Upper Arundian), at Ashfell Edge Cumbria and from shales above the Main Limestone (Pendleian), at Hurst, North Yorkshire.
E. macrostoma
is only the second fistuliporid recorded from British Carboniferous strata, and its occurrence here increases the palaeogeographical distribution of the genus, previously recorded only from the U.S.A., Canada, Iran and the U.S.S.R.
Late Caledonian subvolcanic vents and associated dykes in the Kirkcudbright area, Galloway, south-west Scotland
Authors: Rock N. M. S. , Cooper C. , Gaskarth J. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Two small (<400 × 150m) ‘Lower Carboniferous’ vents were previously recorded near Kirkcudbright. Six vents actually exist, and are of
Late Caledonian
(Siluro-Devonian: 400 – 418Ma) age, forming a cluster unique in southern Scotland. They comprise vughy, greywacke/mudstone agglomerate with a highly altered, lamprophyric -basaltic to non-igneous (silica-rich) matrix. Petrographically similar breccia dykes (up to 200m long) represent arrested stages in the formation of vents. Vent activity accompanied calc-alkaline porphyrite, lamprophyre and basalt dyke-swarms (D
1
intrusions of the Black Stockarton Moor subvolcanic complex). Vents and dykes both predate the 397Ma Criffel granitic pluton. The best exposed vent, on Kirkcudbright Bay, shows five intrusive phases: (1) vent agglomerate; (2) a basaltic vent intrusion (c.30 × 15m); (3) kersantite dykes and smaller vent intrusions; (4) explosion-breccia, tuffisite and basalt veins, sheets and dykes; (5) late veins. These vents represent explosive, deep-seated, K-rich magmatism during the closing stages of the Caledonian igneous cycle, strikingly analogous to magmatism in the Appin-Lome area of the Scottish Highlands.
The saltern mounds of north-east Lincolnshire
Authors: Pattison J. , Williamson I. T. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Mapping of the waste mounds left by the old coastal salt industry in north-east Lincolnshire has shown that they cover about 8.4 km
2
between Humberston and Saltfleet. They are located close to the line of the medieval sea-wall and associated storm beaches of sand and shingle, but mostly appear to rest directly on marine and estuarine clays and silts.
The Flandrian (Quaternary) Caerwys Tufa, North Wales: an ancient barrage tufa deposit
Authors: Pedley H. M. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

An extensive deposit of tufa, including organic build-ups, oncoid facies and micrite facies, extends as a lobate deposit downslope from a Carboniferous Limestone scarp near Caerwys, North Wales. The deposit contains terrestrial and freshwater molluscs, ostracods and plant remains, the latter now preserved as moulds and casts. Collectively, the carbonates caused blockage of a pre-existing valley, by a combination of CaCO
3
precipitation associated with oscillatoriacaen “algae” and the growth of higher plants. Oncoid and detrital facies accumulated upstream of the tufa barriers in small standing pools and marshes.

Carbonate precipitation, brought about by both physical and organic processes, produced freshwater isopachous fringe cement and micrite; peliods associated with the tufa appear to be related genetically to these. The tufa build-ups (phytoherms) within the Caerwys deposit are associated with contemporaneous living vegetation such as reed and willow, although mosses and liverworts are most common. The plants were bonded during life by freshwater isopachous fringe cements and were colonized by cyanobacteria and animals. The phytoherms had positive relief and effected local changes in water flow, sedimentation rates and ecology. Collectively, the deposit illustrates many of the typical features of barrage tufa deposits and serves as a useful model for ancient deposits.
The magnetostratigraphy of cave sediments in Masson Hill, Derbyshire
Authors: Noel M. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The directions of remanent magnetisation in 152 samples of cave silt and clay from Masson Mine, Derbyshire, have been examined. In the Clay Shaft, Old Jants Mine, a 4m sequence of alternating clay, silt and sand provides the first detailed British record of a geomagnetic polarity transition (reversed to normal). Alternating geomagnetic polarity is recorded in sediments from the Clay Cavern. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy suggest that during sedimentation phreatic flow was in a NW to SE direction towards the Derwent Gorge.
The stratigraphy of the Carboniferous rocks around Castletown, Isle of Man
Authors: Dickson J. A. D. , Ford T. D. , Swift A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
A revised lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Dinantian rocks at the southern end of the Isle of Man is presented. Resting on the Cambro-Ordovician Manx Slate Group is the Langness Conglomerate, representing a locally-derived alluvial fan deposit. The succeeding Derbyhaven and Castletown Formations are both thinly-bedded, fine-grained dark limestones with variable amounts of shale partings; the Derbyhaven Formation has yielded fossils suggesting an early Arundian to Holkerian age, whilst the Castletown Formation appears to be mostly of early Asbian age. The latter is diachronously overlain by the thick Balladoole Formation, composed of lime-mud mounds, of Asbian age. The Poyllvaaish Formation is of similar mudmounds and beds, with original depositional dips of up to 20° and yielding late Asbian to early Brigantian faunas. The penecontemporary Close-ny-Chollagh Formation consists of black limestones and shales enclosing an unusual complex of slipped and foundered blocks from the upper Poyllvaaish limestones, with considerable distortion of the black beds around the blocks. The Scarlett Volcanic Formation consists of subaqueous volcanic breccias, vesicular and pillow basaltic lavas and fine-grained tuffs, with local intercalations of black limestones of early to mid-Brigantian age. Disruption surfaces and contortions, previously thought to be due to thrust-faulting, are now regarded as contemporary mass-flow and eruptive disturbances.
Two new species of
Siphonodendron
(Rugosa) from the Viséan of the British Isles
Authors: Nudds J. R. , Somerville I. D. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Two new species of
Siphonodendron
have been discovered in the Viséan of Great Britain and Ireland.
S. scaleberense
sp. nov., recorded from the Holkerian and Asbian of northern England, North Wales and Ireland, is the largest
Siphonodendron
known in western Europe.
S. multiradiale
sp. nov., recorded from the ?Holkerian/Asbian of South Wales, has the highest number of septa known in this genus.
New seismic refraction evidence on the origin of the Bouguer anomaly low near Hunstanton, Norfolk
Authors: Chroston P. N. , Allsop J. M. , Cornwell J. D. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Possible geological explanations for the negative Bouguer gravity anomaly between Hunstanton and King’s Lynn in north-west Norfolk include a thickening of the Mesozoic succession, a concealed basin filled with Carboniferous sediments, or an acid igneous intrusion into the sub-Mesozoic basement. In order to constrain the interpretation, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out to determine the configuration and seismic velocities of the basement. Five reversed seismic lines were shot between the Hunstanton and Wiggenhall boreholes and were interpreted using both the plane-layer and ‘plus-minus’ methods. The results indicate that the sub-Mesozoic basement surface at the centre of the anomaly lies at a depth of approximately 650 m and has a consistently low apparent dip of 0.5 degrees towards the north. P-wave velocities in the basement range from 5.1 km s
−1
to 5.8 km s
−1
. Consequently a low-density granitic intrusion seems the most likely explanation of the anomaly.
Pennine mineralisation in depth
Authors: Dunham K. C. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The factual geological background to the mineral deposits of the Northern Pennines is summarised and it is shown that the most favourable workings have been carried down to no more than about 0.4km below the present land surface. A few cases where lead—zinc—fluorine — barium mineralisation persists to over 1.5km are known in North America and suitable metalliferous brines are known to exist at over 3km depth. In this paper, the chances of finding further orebodies in depth in the present area are assessed from the tectono-stratigraphic and mineralogical-geochemical points of view.
Boreholes in the Wolstonian Basement Till at Easington, Holderness, July 1985
Authors: Catt J. A. , Digby P. G. N. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Ten boreholes drilled to a maximum depth of −27 m O.D. on the foreshore north of Easington (Holderness), North Humberside, showed that the Basement Till, which forms the lowest lithostratigraphic unit visible in the cliffs, extends almost to the base of the Pleistocene succession with only a slight change in mineralogical composition. The mineralogical similarity of samples from the boreholes to the Basement Till in the cliffs and dissimilarities from other Holderness tills are demonstrated by principal coordinate analysis and canonical variate analysis. The absence of older glacial deposits at Easington is attributed to early Wolstonian marine erosion.
New records of the Westbury Formation (Penarth Group, Rhaetian) in North Yorkshire, England
Authors: Benfield A. C. , Warrington G. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The subdrift outcrop of the late Triassic Penarth Group has recently been continuously traced along the eastern side of the Vale of York between Thirsk and Stillington, principally from borehole data. Two new occurrences within this outcrop, a road-cutting near Thirsk and a shallow borehole at Crayke, are recorded. At both, dark-coloured mudstones occur and have yielded palynomorphs and sporadic macrofossils which indicate deposition in a marine environment during latest Triassic (Rhaetian) times. These beds are correlated with the Westbury Formation of the Penarth Group.
Calcitization and compaction in the Upper Permian Concretionary Limestone and Seaham formations of North-east England
Authors: Braithwaite C. J. R. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Bizarre calcitic concretions occur within the Upper Permian Concretionary Limestone and Seaham Formations on the north-east coast of England. They include fine-grained spherical cannon-balls, with concentric and radial structures, spherical clusters of radiating crystals, and fine-grained pelletal and linear, rod-like, concretions, some of which also occur as radiating groups. They formed by the replacement of a fine-grained, organic-rich, carbonate sediment. Contrary to earlier assertions, there is no evidence that any of the structures present are pseudomorphs of previous replacements by sulphates.
Some concretions may have grown relatively early in diagenesis but size, numbers and density were controlled by the nature of pore fluids. The differing balances between composition, saturation with respect to particular ions, and temperature of fluids, and growth rates of crystals are responsible both for the varying sizes of component crystals and the overall shapes of the concentrations themselves. Irrespective of morphology and stratigraphic position, the formation of concretions was followed by dissolution which removed residual unaltered sediment and corroded exposed surfaces. The concomittant loss of strength of the rock led to localized collapse and compaction of concretions with evidence of mechanical failure, internal strain and pressure dissolution of margins. Since this history is common to all concretion occurrences it must reflect a major diagenetic event such as the emergence of the sequence in Triassic or later times.
Calcite cements and internal sediments (including detrital quartz) which have been introduced subsequently have generally failed to occlude porosity.
The Market Weighton gravity anomaly — granite or graben?
Authors: Bott M. H. P. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The local negative gravity anomaly and associated magnetic anomalies around Market Weighton were recently interpreted by Bott, Robinson and Kohnstamm in terms of an underlying unexposed granite penetrating pre-Carboniferous basement. This interpretation was based on objective features of the anomalies which are better explained by a granite than a sedimentary basin, notably the high curvature in the minimum region and the inferred shallow magnetic basement. The graben hypothesis, revived by Arveschoug, is re-examined to test its feasibility. A central profile from NW to SE can be reproduced by such a model graben, but the total Carboniferous thickness needs to be nearly 10 km for a maximum likely density contrast of 150 kg m
−3
and the Carboniferous floor needs to be relatively shallow at about 2 km depth in the adjacent regions to NW and SE. Even with this model there is some difficulty in reproducing the high observed curvature in the central region unless unknown spurious shallow effects contribute, and the magnetic anomalies would need to be explained by volcanics. Thus the graben hypothesis requires an exceptionally deep feature of unusual shape. On the basis of available evidence a granite remains the preferred hypothesis.
Strophalosiacean and aulostegacean productoids (Brachiopoda) from the Craven Reef Belt (late Viséan) of North Yorkshire
Authors: Brunton C. H. C. , Mundy D. J. C. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Brachiopods belonging to the Strophalosiacea and Aulostegacea from the reef faunas of the Craven Reef Belt, North Yorkshire, are described with emphasis upon their functional morphology and attachment characteristics; all are specialized for living on hard surfaces, principally within reef framework facies. Two new aulostegacean genera are described:
Limbifera
, with type species
L. griffithiana
(de Koninck), and
Retroplexus
, with type species
R. parkhousensis
sp. nov. from Derbyshire and
R. cravenensis
sp. nov. from North Yorkshire. In addition,
Stipulina tiddemani
sp. nov. and
Sinuatella johnsoni
sp. nov. are described from North Yorkshire and from younger (Pendleian) strata in Northumberland respectively.
Faunal and floral assemblages from Bingley Bog, West Yorkshire, and their significance for late Devensian and early Flandrian environmental changes
Authors: Keen D. H. , Jones R. L. , Evans R. A. , Robinson J. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Late Devensian and early Flandrian, mollusc-, ostracod- and pollen-bearing deposits from Bingley Bog, West Yorkshire are described. The sequence of environmental changes began with a rapid climatic amelioration which allowed the establishment of a diverse molluscan and ostracod fauna. This was followed by a short, less temperate episode that is registered by both the animal and the plant fossils. The Mollusca in particular imply that while a partial climatic recovery was made after this episode, environmental conditions were in overall decline. This decline culminated in a short, severe climatic phase which was probably responsible for the extinction of the fauna, and for a significant change in the flora. Birch woodland was replaced by tundra-like vegetation. The initial climatic amelioration most probably corresponds to the onset of temperate conditions at the start of the Windermere (Allerød) Interstadial. A subsequent worsening of climate, to cool temperate conditions, is tentatively correlated with the Older Dryas episode. The final cold phase would thus represent the Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stadial. Both plant and animal records indicate the establishment of temperate conditions subsequent to Younger Dryas time. The early Flandrian fauna exhibited a rapid increase in both numbers and diversity, and woodland developed widely during the period.
Structure and phylogenetic significance of
Trachyteuthis
(Coleoidea) from the Kimmeridge Clay of England
Authors: Hewitt R. A. , Wignall P. B. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The large and rare coleoid cephalopod
Trachyteuthis
is found within the lithographic limestones of the German Lower Tithonian and the contemporaneous bituminous shales of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. Complete shells are apparently confined to the more anoxic facies. The occurrence of francolitic
Trachyteuthis
and
Actinosepia
with aragonitic molluscan shells in the Kimmeridge Clay (Upper Jurassic) and Pierre Shale Formations (Upper Cretaceous), underlines the lack of biological affinity between the Mesozoic Trachyteuthididae and their homeomorphs the Tertiary cuttlebones (
Sepia
and
Belosepia
).
A new species of
Sychnoelasma
(Rugosa) from the Dinantian of the British Isles: its phylogeny and biostratigraphical significance
Authors: Mitchell M. , Somerville I. D. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Re-examination of Dinantian coral assemblages from the lowest beds exposed in the mid-1930’s in Haw Bank Quarries, and in Holywell Bridge railway cutting, Skipton, West Yorkshire, indicates that they are of late Courceyan age. Correlations with coral assemblages from the South-Western Province and from Ireland are suggested.
Sychnoelasma hawbankense
sp. nov., a solitary rugose coral, is described from Haw Bank Quarry and other localities in the Skipton Anticline, as well as from Bristol, the Mendip Hills, Gower, and the Dublin Basin, Ireland. The records show that this species has a limited stratigraphical range from late Courceyan to Chadian. A phylogenetic sequence for some species of
Sychnoelasma
is proposed.
The sedimentology and geochemistry of the sub-Clowne cycle (Westphalian B) of north-east Derbyshire, U.K.
Authors: Rippon J. H. , Spears D. A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The upper part of the cycle between the Manton “
Estheria
” Band and the Clowne Marine Band horizon (upper Westphalian B of the British Pennine Basin) contains a variety of noteworthy features, including a local ankerite/dolomite, an acid tonstein, and a seatearth which varies regionally and locally in colour and grain size. The relationships of these are examined, together with coal thickness variations and contemporary channels; variations in the tonstein’s gamma-ray anomaly are assessed in relation to sediment grade and proximity to channels. The geochemistry of the carbonate, tonstein, and seatearth are described; the combination of geochemical analysis and detailed study of field relationships provides a picture of water-table fluctuations in the Clowne sequence, probably eustatically controlled.
Magnetic, chemical, petrographic and isotopic age studies of the Windy Knowe Tertiary dyke. Borders Region, Scotland
Authors: Titman C. W. , Wilkinson I. , Mitchell J. G. , Ineson P. R. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Magnetic surveying around the Windy Knowe exposure of the Tertiary Deadwater north dyke, Borders Region, Scotland demonstrates that the dyke strikes to the south of the line indicated on existing geological maps. An apparent displacement across the Liddel Water Fault is probably due to the presence of a second near-parallel dyke, as is observed in the Deadwater valley to the south-east. Geochemical and isotopic age studies confirm the dyke to be a tholeiite whose K-Ar age is 58.7 ± 0.9 (1
σ
) Ma.
Mid-Flandrian (Atlantic) landslide activity in the South Pennines
Authors: Redda A. , Hansom J. D. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Investigation of the Coldside landslide in the Vale of Edale, Derbyshire, has revealed fresh evidence of landslide activity during late Atlantic time. The toe of the landslide overlies a brown loam rich in charcoal fragments which have been radiocarbon-dated to 5860 ± 120 years BP. A radiocarbon date of 5560 ± 80 years BP obtained from basal peat in a slump depression near the top of the landslide tends to confirm pollen evidence that the likely period of landslide activity was during the late Atlantic between approximately 6000 and 5500 years BP. This coincides with the time that Mesolithic peoples had deliberately used fire for forest clearance and hunting, and the occurrence of charcoal fragments trapped beneath the landslide raises the possibility of inadvertent landscape modification by human activity in the Mesolithic.