bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of blood flow using hyperpolarized [13C]Urea in preclinical cancer models
Authors: von Morze Cornelius , Larson Peder E.Z. , Hu Simon , Keshari Kayvan , Wilson David M. , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan Henrik , Goga Andrei , Bok Robert , Kurhanewicz John , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate dynamic imaging of a diffusible perfusion tracer, hyperpolarized [13C]urea, for regional measurement of blood flow in preclinical cancer models.Materials and Methods:A pulse sequence using balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) was developed, with progressively increasing flip angles for efficient sampling of the hyperpolarized magnetization. This allowed temporal and volumetric imaging of the [13C]urea signal. Regional signal dynamics were quantified for kidneys and liver, and estimates of relative blood flows were derived from the data. Detailed perfusion simulations were performed to validate the methodology.Results:Significant differences were observed in the signal patterns between normal and cancerous murine hepatic tissues. In particular, a 19% reduction in mean blood flow was observed in tumors, with 26% elevation in the tumor rim. The blood flow maps were also compared with metabolic imaging results with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate.Conclusion:Regional assessment of perfusion is possible by imaging of hyperpolarized [13C]urea, which is significant for the imaging of cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:692–697. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo three‐dimensional MR wall shear stress estimation in ascending aortic dilatation
Authors: Bieging Erik T. , Frydrychowicz Alex , Wentland Andrew , Landgraf Benjamin R. , Johnson Kevin M. , Wieben Oliver , François Christopher J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To estimate surface‐based wall shear stress (WSS) and evaluate flow patterns in ascending aortic dilatation (AscAD) using a high‐resolution, time‐resolved, three‐dimensional (3D), three‐directional velocity encoded, radially undersampled phase contrast MR sequence (4D PC‐MRI).Materials and Methods:4D PC‐MRI was performed in 11 patients with AscAD (46.3 ± 22.0 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (32.9 ± 13.4 years) after written informed consent and institutional review board approval. Following manual vessel wall segmentation of the ascending aorta (MATLAB, The Mathworks, Natick, MA), a 3D surface was created using spline interpolation. Spatial WSS variation based on surface division in 12 segments and temporal variation were evaluated in AscAD and normal aortas. Visual analysis of flow patterns was performed based on streamlines and particle traces using EnSight (v9.0, CEI, Apex, NC).Results:AscAD was associated with significantly increased diastolic WSS, decreased systolic to diastolic WSS ratio, and delayed onset of peak WSS (all P < 0.001). Temporally averaged WSS was increased and peak systolic WSS was decreased. The maximum WSS in AscAD was on the anterior wall of the ascending aorta. Vortical flow with highest velocities along the anterior wall and increased helical flow during diastole were observed in AscAD compared with controls.Conclusion:Changes in WSS in the ascending aorta of AscAD correspond to observed alterations in flow patterns compared to controls. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:589–597. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of hyperintense nodules on precontrast T1‐weighted MRI: Utility of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced hepatocyte‐phase imaging
Authors: Chou Chen‐Te , Chen Yao‐Li , Wu Hwa‐Koon , Chen Ran‐Chou 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the utility of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced hepatocyte‐phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterization of T1‐weighted hyperintense nodules within cirrhotic liver.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Thirty‐four nodules hyperintense in unenhanced T1‐weighted MRI with histopathological confirmation from a collection of 19 patients were included. Tumor size, signal intensity on T1‐weighted, and T2‐weighted imaging as well as enhancement patterns on contrast‐enhanced dynamic/hepatocyte‐phase imaging were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of hepatocyte‐phase imaging.Results:Evaluation of the nodules with standard of reference revealed 15 dysplastic nodules (DN), seven well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (wHCC), and 12 moderately differentiated HCCs (mHCC). The mean size of dysplastic nodules was smaller than that of HCCs (P < 0.001). Using the HCC criteria (T2W or arterial enhancement followed with portal venous washout), 11/19 HCC were correctly characterized. Using solely hypointensity (compared to the surrounding liver parenchyma) during the hepatocyte phase as the criterion, 18/19 HCC were correctly characterized. There were seven additional HCCs diagnosed with hepatocyte‐phase imaging (P = 0.02).Conclusion:Gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI with hepatocyte‐phase imaging is superior to gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI with conventional criteria alone in characterization of T1W hyperintense nodules. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:625–632. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using diffusion tensor imaging and immunofluorescent assay to evaluate the pathology of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zollinger Lauren V. , Kim Tae Ho , Hill Kenneth , Jeong Eun K. , Rose John W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the ability of the principal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices to predict the underlying histopathology evaluated with immunofluorescent assay (IFA).Materials and Methods:Conventional T2 and 3D multishot‐diffusion weighted echoplanar imaging (3D ms‐DWEPI) was performed on a fixed, ex vivo human cervical spinal cord (CSC) from a patient with a history of multiple sclerosis (MS). In all, 170 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected within the white matter and categorized as a high intensity lesion (HIL), low intensity lesion (LIL), and normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). The longitudinal diffusivity (λl), radial diffusivity (λr), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were obtained from each ROI. The underlying histopathology was then evaluated using immunofluorescent assay with antibodies directed to myelin and neurofilament staining.Results:The mean values for λl and λr were significantly elevated within HIL relative to NAWM and LIL. IFA analysis of HIL demonstrated significant demyelination, without significant if any axon loss. The FA values were significantly reduced in HIL and LILs. FA values were also reduced in lesions with increased λl and λr values relative to normal.Conclusion:Aberrant λl, λr, and FA relative to normal values are strong indicators of demyelination. DTI indices are not specific for axon loss. IFA analysis is a reliable method to demonstrate myelin and axon pathology within the ex vivo setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:557–564. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gee Michael S. , Harisinghani Mukesh G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects ≈1.4 million people in North America and, because of its typical early age of onset and episodic disease course, IBD patients often undergo numerous imaging studies over the course of their lifetimes. Computed tomography (CT) has become the standard imaging modality for assessment of IBD patients because of its widespread availability, rapid image acquisition, and ability to evaluate intraluminal and extraluminal disease. However, repetitive CT imaging has been associated with a significant ionizing radiation risk to patients, making MRI an appealing alternative IBD imaging modality. Pelvic MRI is currently the imaging gold standard for detecting perianal disease, while recent studies indicate that MRI bowel‐directed techniques (enteroclysis, enterography, colonography) can accurately evaluate bowel inflammation in IBD. With recent technical innovations leading to faster and higher resolution body MRI, the role of MRI in IBD evaluation is likely to continue to expand. Future applications include surveillance imaging, detection of mural fibrosis, and early assessment of therapy response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:527–534. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotypes and viral load of hepatitis C virus among persons attending a voluntary counseling and testing center in Ethiopia
Authors: Abreha Tesfay , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Pietsch Corinna , Maier Melanie , Asrat Daniel , Abebe Almaz , Hailegiorgis Bereket , Aseffa Abraham , Liebert Uwe Gerd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe prevalence of different genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Ethiopia is not known. HCV genotypes influence the response to therapy with alpha‐interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin. A cross sectional study was conducted on attendees of voluntary counseling and testing center. Serum samples from 1,954 (734 HIV positive and 1,220 HIV negative) individuals were screened for HCV antibody. Active HCV infection was confirmed by quantitative PCR in 18 of the 71 samples with anti‐HCV antibodies. The HCV viral load ranged from 39,650 to 9,878,341 IU/ml (median 1,589,631 IU/ml) with no significant difference [χ2(17) = 18.00, P = 0.389] between persons positive or negative for HIV. The viral load of HCV was, however, higher in older study subjects (r = 0.80, P = 0.000). HCV genotypes were determined using the VERSANT HCV Genotype Assay (LiPA) and sequence analysis of the NS5b region of the HCV genome. Diverse HCV genotypes were found including genotypes 1, 2, 4, and 5. There was no difference in the distribution regarding the HIV status. As in other parts of the world, genotyping of HCV must be considered whenever HCV is incriminated as a cause of hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 83:776–782, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of IL28B variants with response to pegylated‐interferon alpha plus ribavirin combination therapy reveals intersubgenotypic differences between genotypes 2a and 2b
Authors: Sakamoto Naoya , Nakagawa Mina , Tanaka Yasuhito , Sekine‐Osajima Yuko , Ueyama Mayumi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Nishida Nao , Tamori Akihiro , Yuki Nishimura‐Sakurai , Itsui Yasuhiro , Azuma Seishin , Kakinuma Sei , Hige Shuhei , Itoh Yoshito , Tanaka Eiji , Hiasa Yoichi , Izumi Namiki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mizokami Masashi , Watanabe Mamoru ,   the Ochanomizu‐Liver Conference Study Group
Published: February 2011

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms of the interleukin 28B (IL28B) locus are associated closely with outcomes of pegylated‐interferon (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL28B polymorphism and responses to therapy in patients infected with genotype 2. One hundred twenty‐nine chronic hepatitis C patients infected with genotype 2, 77 patients with genotype 2a and 52 patients with genotype 2b, were analyzed. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including genetic variation near the IL28B gene (rs8099917), were assessed. Drug adherence was monitored in each patient. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of these parameters and clinical responses were carried out. Univariate analyses showed that a sustained virological response was correlated significantly with IL28B polymorphism, as well as age, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, adherence to RBV, and rapid virological response. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients infected with genotype 2b achieved significantly lower rapid virological response rates than those with genotype 2a. Patients with the IL28B‐major allele showed higher virus clearance rates at each time point than those with the IL28B‐minor allele, and the differences were more profound in patients infected with genotype 2b than those with genotype 2a. Furthermore, both rapid and sustained virological responses were associated significantly with IL28B alleles in patients with genotype 2b. IL28B polymorphism was predictive of PEG‐IFN plus RBV combination treatment outcomes in patients infected with genotype 2 and, especially, with genotype 2b. In conclusion, IL‐28B polymorphism affects responses to PEG‐IFN‐based treatment in difficult‐to‐treat HCV patients. J. Med. Virol. 83:871–878, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hantavirus‐specific IgA in saliva and viral antigen in the parotid gland in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Pettersson Lisa , Rasmuson Johan , Andersson Charlotta , Ahlm Clas , Evander Magnus 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Hantavirus genus comprises rodent borne, zoonotic viruses of the Bunyaviridae family that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Rodent saliva contains infectious hantavirus and evidence suggests that hantavirus is also shed in human saliva, but person‐to‐person transmission is rare. In saliva, immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the predominant immunoglobulin class. Secretory IgA serves as an important first line of defence on epithelial surfaces and the binding of secretory IgA to pathogens can inhibit adherence of microorganisms to mucosal cells and neutralize viruses. This study investigated the presence and importance of salivary IgA in relation to viral antigen in the saliva by testing Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) specific IgA, and RNA in saliva in acutely ill patients with HFRS. In saliva samples, PUUV specific IgA was detected in 12 of 33 (36%) patients with HFRS and 20 (61%) were PUUV RNA positive. There was a statistically significant inverse association between the presence of salivary IgA antibodies and PUUV RNA in the saliva. PUUV‐specific IgA in saliva was not found in a long‐term follow‐up, while PUUV IgA in serum was detected in three patients, 28–32 months after the initial study. Notably, both PUUV RNA and PUUV nucleocapsid antigen were detected in endothelial cells within the parotid gland of a deceased patient with HFRS. J. Med. Virol. 83:864–870, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lithium chloride and staurosporine potentiate the accumulation of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β/Tyr216, resulting in glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines
Authors: Noël Anastasia , Barrier Laurence , Rinaldi Francois , Hubert Claire , Fauconneau Bernard , Ingrand Sabrina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity is regulated by phosphorylation processes and regulates in turn through phosphorylation several proteins, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). Serine 9 phosphorylation of GSK3β (pGSK3βSer9), usually promoted by activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway, triggers GSK3β inhibition. By contrast, tyrosine 216 phosphorylation of GSK3β (pGSK3βTyr216) increases under apoptotic conditions, leading to GSK3β activation. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is usually described to increase pGSK3βSer9 through the PI3K/Akt pathway, resulting in GSK3β inhibition. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in some cases LiCl is also able to increase pGSK3βTyr216, resulting in GSK3β activation. For this, we used SH‐SY5Y cells and primary neuronal cultures and investigated the effects of LiCl on the two phosphorylated forms of GSK3β under staurosporine (STS)‐intoxicated conditions. The ratios between the phosphorylated and total forms of GSK3β and eIF2B were determined by Western blotting. Our results revealed that, besides its ability to increase pGSK3βSer9, LiCl is also able to increase pGSK3βTyr216 greatly in STS‐intoxicated SH‐SY5Y cells but not in STS‐intoxicated primary neuronal cultures. This accumulation of both Ser9 and Tyr216 phosphorylation results in GSK3β activation in STS‐intoxicated SH‐SY5Y cells in spite of the presence of LiCl. These findings indicate that LiCl treatment is not necessarily correlated with GSK3β inhibition even though it generates Ser9 phosphorylation. Consequently, the ratio pGSK3βSer9/pGSK3βTyr216, which takes into account the balance between the two inactive (Ser9) and active (Tyr216) forms of GSK3β, could be more useful for predicting GSK3β inhibition. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomechanical effects of total knee arthroplasty component malrotation: A computational simulation
Authors: Thompson Julie A. , Hast Michael W. , Granger Jeffrey F. , Piazza Stephen J. , Siston Robert A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractModern total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure to treat pain and disability due to osteoarthritis, but some patients experience quadriceps weakness after surgery and have difficulty performing important activities of daily living. The success of TKA depends on many factors, but malalignment of the prosthetic components is a major cause of postoperative complications. Significant variability is associated with femoral and tibial component rotational alignment, but how this variability translates into functional outcome remains unknown. We used a forward‐dynamic computer model of a simulated squatting motion to perform a parametric study of the effects of variations in component rotational alignment in TKA. A cruciate‐retaining and posterior‐stabilized version of the same TKA implant were compared. We found that femoral rotation had a greater effect on quadriceps forces, collateral ligament forces, and varus/valgus kinematics, while tibial rotation had a greater effect on anteroposterior translations. Our findings support the tendency for orthopedic surgeons to bias the femoral component into external rotation and avoid malrotation of the tibial component. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 969–975, 2011
Statistical analysis of bone mineral density using voxel‐based morphometry—an application on proximal sesamoid bones in racehorses
Authors: Shi Lin , Wang Defeng , Riggs Christopher M. , Qin Ling , Griffith James F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) is a computational technique that has been used to analyze statistical differences between groups of MR brain images. This study outlines a new VBM pipeline, designed for determining statistical variation in bone mineral density (BMD). CT images of proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) specimens from the right forelimb of six racehorses that had suffered PSB fractures were compared with six age‐matched control specimens. Following segmentation, masked gray‐scale images were co‐aligned to a statistical template generated with all 12 CT datasets iteratively. Studentt‐tests were performed voxel‐by‐voxel on spatially aligned 3D images to reveal significant differences in the spatial variation of bone density between the fracture and control groups. Overall density and densities from the axial and abaxial areas of PSBs were compared between groups. The BMD in abaxial regions of the medial and lateral PSBs of the fracture group were 12.7% (p = 0.044) and 13.5% (p = 0.047) higher, respectively, than controls. The overall mean density of paired PSB and the medial and lateral PSBs separately were higher in the fracture group. The VBM pipeline facilitates detailed comparison of density variation between bone groups at the voxel level. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1230–1236, 2011
Hip osteoarthritis susceptibility is associated with IL1B −511(G>A) and IL1 RN (VNTR) genotypic polymorphisms in Croatian caucasian population
Authors: Jotanovic Zdravko , Etokebe Godfrey E. , Mihelic Radovan , Heiland Kårvatn Marikken , Mulac‐Jericevic Biserka , Tijanic Tamara , Balen Sanja , Sestan Branko , Dembic Zlatko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAmong the predisposing factors to osteoarthritis (OA), a frequent destructive joint disease, is the complex genetic heritage including the interleukin‐1 family members like the IL1β (IL1B) and the IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) genes. The aim of this study was to investigate allelic and genotypic frequencies of the IL1B gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at −511(G>A) and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the IL1RN gene in a Croatian Caucasian population of hip OA (HOA) cases and healthy controls. A total of 259 HOA patients with total hip replacement (THR) and 518 healthy blood donors as controls were genotyped for IL1B gene SNP −511(G>A) and the VNTR in the IL1RN gene associated with HOA. The genotype G/A (1/2) at IL1B was significantly associated with the protection of the HOA (p < 0.036, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52–0.99). The genotype G/G (1/1) had only a trend towards the susceptibility (p = 0.053, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.98–1.86) to disease. None of the haplotypes IL1B −511(G>A) and IL1RN (VNTR) were found associated with the HOA. The haplotype 1–2 at these loci had only a trend to susceptibility (p = 0.065). Haplotype 1–3 had a significant male bias in diseased. Furthermore, genotype comprising 2–1/2–2 haplotypes was found significantly associated with predisposition to HOA (p = 0.027, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.03–4.88), whereas genotype 1–1/2–2 with protection to disease (p = 0.028, OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97). Our findings suggest that HOA in Croatian population might have a different genetic risk regarding the IL1 locus than has been reported for other Caucasian populations previously. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1137–1144, 2011
Depth of subchondral perforation influences the outcome of bone marrow stimulation cartilage repair
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Hoemann Caroline D. , Sun Jun , Chevrier Anik , McKee Marc D. , Shive Matthew S. , Hurtig Mark , Buschmann Michael D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSubchondral drilling and microfracture are bone marrow stimulation techniques commonly used for the treatment of cartilage defects. Few studies to date have examined the technical variants which may influence the success of the cartilage repair procedures. This study compared the effect of hole depth (6 mm vs. 2 mm) and hole type (drill vs. microfracture) on chondral defect repair using a mature rabbit model. Results from quantitative histomorphometry and histological scoring showed that deeper versus shallower drilling elicited a greater fill of the cartilage defect with a more hyaline character in the repair matrix indicated by significant improvement (p = 0.021) in the aggregate measure of increased cartilage defect fill, increased glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen content and reduced type I collagen content of total soft repair tissue. Compared to microfracture at the same 2 mm depth, drilling to 2 mm produced a similar quantity and quality of cartilage repair (p = 0.120) according to the aggregate indicator described above. We conclude that the depth of bone marrow stimulation can exert important influences on cartilage repair outcomes. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1178–1184, 2011