bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation by emulating a target trial
Authors: Heindel Patrick , Fitzgibbon James J , Secemsky Eric A , Belkin Michael , Ozaki C Keith , Hussain Mohamad A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Most of the 800 000 people living with end-stage kidney disease in the United States rely on a functioning vascular access to provide life-sustaining hemodialysis, yet one-third of arteriovenous fistulas experience early failures. Determining the safety and effectiveness of systemic heparin during fistula creation could improve the quality and quantity of life for these vulnerable patients. In this article, a pragmatic randomized trial was emulated to assess the effect of systemic heparin administration (vs none) during radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation on early bleeding and thrombosis, using data from 2 international, multicenter, randomized trials performed between 2014 and 2019. Marginal risks were estimated using inverse probability weighted parametric survival analysis and CIs were generated with bootstrapping. A total of 914 patients were enrolled and 61% received systemic heparin; their median (IQR) age was 58 (49, 67) years and 45% were on hemodialysis at enrollment. No difference in the risk of bleeding events was observed, with a risk difference (95% CI) at 14 days of −0.1% (−1.6 to 1.4). The risk of access thrombosis was lower in the heparin group, with a risk of 3.7% (2.6-4.8) after heparin and 5.3% (3.4-7.4) without heparin at 14 days (risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98). Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT02110901 and NCT02414841.
Leveraging sex-genetic interactions to understand brain disorders: recent advances and current gaps
Authors: Neale Nikita , Lona-Durazo Frida , Ryten Mina , Gagliano Taliun Sarah A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is established that there are sex differences in terms of prevalence, age of onset, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment for a variety of brain disorders, including neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cohorts of increasing sample sizes with diverse data types collected, including genetic, transcriptomic and/or phenotypic data, are providing the building blocks to permit analytical designs to test for sex-biased genetic variant-trait associations, and for sex-biased transcriptional regulation. Such molecular assessments can contribute to our understanding of the manifested phenotypic differences between the sexes for brain disorders, offering the future possibility of delivering personalized therapy for females and males. With the intention of raising the profile of this field as a research priority, this review aims to shed light on the importance of investigating sex-genetic interactions for brain disorders, focusing on two areas: (i) variant-trait associations and (ii) transcriptomics (i.e. gene expression, transcript usage and regulation). We specifically discuss recent advances in the field, current gaps and provide considerations for future studies.
Exosomal circPVT1 promotes angiogenesis in laryngeal cancer by activating the Rap1b–VEGFR2 signaling pathway
Authors: Lyu Kexing , Tang Bingjie , Huang Bixue , Xu Zhenglin , Liu Tesi , Fang Ruihua , Li Yun , Chen Yi , Chen Lin , Zhang Minjuan , Chen Lifan , Lei Wenbin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Laryngeal cancer (LC) is the second most common head and neck cancer and has a decreasing 5-year survival rate worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate cancer development in diverse ways based on their distinct biogenesis mechanisms and expansive regulatory roles. However, currently, there is little research on how exosomal circRNAs are involved in the development of LC. Here, we demonstrated that circPVT1, a circRNA derived from the well-studied long noncoding RNA PVT1, is correlated with disease progression in LC and promotes angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circPVT1 is loaded into LC cell-secreted exosomes and taken up by vascular epithelium cells. By sponging miR-30c-5p, exosomal circPVT1 promotes Rap1b expression, which dramatically enhances vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway activation, ultimately resulting in the induction of angiogenesis. Furthermore, our xenograft models demonstrated that the combination of short hairpin RNA-circPVT1 and cetuximab showed high efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. Collectively, these findings uncover a novel mechanism of exosomal circRNA-mediated angiogenesis modulation and provide a preclinical rationale for testing this analogous combination in patients with LC.
Taste of common prebiotic oligosaccharides: impact of molecular structure
Authors: Martin Laura E , Penner Michael H , Lim Juyun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are naturally occurring nondigestible carbohydrates with demonstrated health benefits. They are also a chemically diverse class of nutrients, offering an opportunity to investigate the impact of molecular structure on oligosaccharide taste perception. Accordingly, a relevant question is whether these compounds are detected by the human gustatory system, and if so, whether they elicit sweet or “starchy” taste. Here, in 3 psychophysical experiments, we investigated the taste perception of 3 commercially popular prebiotics [fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS)] in highly pure form. Each of these classes of prebiotics differs in the type of glycosyl residue, and position and type of bond between those residues. In experiments I and II, participants were asked to discriminate a total of 9 stimuli [FOS, GOS, XOS; degree of polymerization (DP) of 2, 3, 4] prepared at 75 mM in the presence and absence of lactisole, a sweet receptor antagonist. We found that all 9 compounds were detectable (P &lt; 0.05). We also found that GOS and XOS DP 4 were discriminable even with lactisole, suggesting that their detection was not via the canonical sweet receptor. Accordingly, in experiment III, the taste of GOS and XOS DP 4 were directly compared with that of MOS (maltooligosaccharides) DP 4-6, which has been reported to elicit “starchy” taste. We found that GOS and MOS were perceived similarly although narrowly discriminable, while XOS was easily discriminable from both GOS and MOS. The current findings suggest that the molecular structure of oligosaccharides impacts their taste perception in humans.
Mice learn to identify and discriminate sugar solutions based on odor cues
Authors: Glendinning John I , Archambeau Alix , Conlin Catherine , Drimmer Zoee , Griffith Gabriel , Isber Rayna , Koffler Kayla , Ortiz Gabriella , Prakash Anisha , Sollitto Catherine , Srinivasan Harini 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study examined how olfaction impacts ingestive responses of mice to sugar solutions. Experiment 1 asked whether naïve C57BL/6 (B6) mice could identify 1 M glucose, fructose, or sucrose solutions based on odor cues, during a 30-min 2-bottle acceptability test. We tested mice both before and after they were rendered anosmic with ZnSO4 treatment. We used 2 indirect measures of odor-mediated response: number of trials initiated and latency to initiate licking. Before ZnSO4 treatment, the mice learned how to identify 1 M glucose and fructose (but not sucrose) solutions based on odor cues. ZnSO4 treatment eliminated their ability to identify the glucose and fructose solutions. Experiment 2 asked whether 2 d of exposure to a 1 M glucose, fructose, or sucrose solution improved the identification of the same sugar solution. Following exposure, the B6 mice identified all 3 sugar solutions based on odor cues. Experiment 3 asked whether T1R3 knockout mice (i.e. mice lacking the T1R3 subunit of the T1R2 + R3 sweet taste receptor) could learn to discriminate 0.44 M glucose and fructose solutions based on odor cues. All mice were subjected to a 1-h preference test, both before and after exposure to the 0.44 M glucose and fructose solutions. During exposure, the experimental mice received ZnSO4 treatment, whereas the control mice received saline treatment. Before exposure, neither type of mouse preferred the glucose solution. After exposure, the control mice preferred the glucose solution, whereas the experimental mice did not. Our results reveal that mice can learn to use odor cues to identify and discriminate between sugar solutions.
Incident Tuberculosis Infection Is Associated With Alcohol Use in Adults in Rural Uganda
Authors: Abbott Rachel , Landsiedel Kirsten , Atukunda Mucunguzi , Puryear Sarah B , Chamie Gabriel , Hahn Judith A , Mwangwa Florence , Kakande Elijah , Petersen Maya L , Havlir Diane V , Charlebois Edwin , Balzer Laura B , Kamya Moses R , Marquez Carina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Data on alcohol use and incident tuberculosis (TB) infection are needed. In adults aged ≥15 in rural Uganda (N = 49 585), estimated risk of incident TB was 29.2% with alcohol use versus 19.2% without (RR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.40–1.60). There is potential for interventions to interrupt transmission among people who drink alcohol.
The Quaker Reception of John Locke and the Eighteenth-Century Debate over Women’s Preaching
Authors: Pullin Naomi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Studies of important intellectual figures often debate the influence of their thought but are not always attuned to the ways in which their writings might be re-appropriated by different individuals and groups for their own purposes. This article explores John Locke’s connection with the early Quaker movement and how members of the Society of Friends made use of Locke’s works to reinforce their own institutional identity. In so doing, it makes use of a letter supposedly penned by Locke to a Quaker minister, Rebecca Collier, to explore the many ways in which Locke’s reputation became incorporated into the institutional memory of the movement. This letter has traditionally been regarded as spurious, and Rebecca Collier and her companion, Rachel Breckon, as fictional, yet new evidence uncovered from the minute books of the York and Scarborough Monthly Meetings—where Rebecca Collier and Rachel Breckon were, respectively, members—adds another layer of complexity to this story. Using copies of the letter and written Quaker discourse, as well as arguments drawn from Locke’s philosophical and theological writings, this article unravels the many ways in which the letter had an afterlife beyond Locke and the relatively unknown female preacher to whom it was addressed. It contributes to the existing scholarship on John Locke and early Quakerism by showing the long-term reception of Locke’s biblical hermeneutics, especially his views on female preaching documented in his posthumous Paraphrase and Notes, and his influence on Quaker thought.
Revisiting Röling and Cassese’s Appraisal of the Tokyo Tribunal
Authors: Sellars Kirsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In late 1977, Antonio Cassese interviewed Bernard Röling about his experiences as a judge at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and his career after that. The resulting book, The Tokyo Trial and Beyond: Reflections of a Peacemonger, was published in 1993. It not only offered an insider’s account of the politics and personalities that shaped the Tokyo tribunal but also addressed associated issues – strategies for disarmament, the definition of aggression, the limits of self-determination – that would exercise international actors over the ensuing decades. In the process, it revealed much about the perspectives and occasional foibles of two innovative and outward-looking jurists whose work was nonetheless rooted in, and sometimes constrained by, European legal approaches to peace and justice.
Lipid metabolism: a central modulator of RORγt-mediated Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Kanno Toshio , Miyako Keisuke , Endo Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Among the T helper cell subsets, Th17 cells contribute to the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, serves as a master transcription factor for Th17 cell differentiation. Recent findings have shown that modulating the metabolic pathway is critical for Th17 cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Suppression of lipid biosynthesis, either through the pharmacological inhibition or gene deletion of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant impairment of Th17 cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of RORγt activity through the generation of endogenous RORγt lipid ligands. This review discusses recent discoveries highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and function, as well as exploring specific molecular pathways involved in RORγt activation through cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach to improve inflammatory and autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
Revision of an Adult Burn Center’s Resuscitation Guideline Leads to Lower Resuscitation Requirements
Authors: Curry Dominick , Wray Kimberly , Hobbs Brandon , Smith Susan , Smith Howard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2018, the institutional burn resuscitation guideline was updated to remove the use of high-dose ascorbic acid (HDAA) therapy, to lower 24-hour resuscitation fluid estimations from 4 to 2 mL/kg/TBSA, and to optimize guidance around appropriate colloid resuscitation. This retrospective study compared the incidence of a composite safety outcome (acute kidney injury, or intra-abdominal hypertension requiring intervention) between the pre-guideline update to post-guideline update. Secondarily, 24-hour resuscitation volumes, hourly urine output, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation duration were compared as well. The composite safety outcome was similar between the 2 groups (40% vs 29%; P = .27), but the post-group showed significantly lower 24-hour resuscitation volumes (3.74 vs 2.94 mL/kg/TBSA; P &lt; .01), as well as lower urine output (1.26 vs 0.75 mL/kg/h; P &lt; .01). There was no difference between the groups with respect to vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation duration, or mortality. This study suggests that a simplified resuscitation protocol without HDAA, combined with a lower starting fluid rate, led to significantly lower 24-hour resuscitation volumes without an increase in adverse safety events.
Historical museum samples reveal signals of selection and drift in response to changing insecticide use in an agricultural pest moth
Authors: Parvizi Elahe , Bachler Andy , Zwick Andreas , Walsh Tom K , Moritz Craig , McGaughran Angela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In response to environmental and human-imposed selective pressures, agroecosystem pests frequently undergo rapid evolution, with some species having a remarkable capacity to rapidly develop pesticide resistance. Temporal sampling of genomic data can comprehensively capture such adaptive changes over time, for example, by elucidating allele frequency shifts in pesticide resistance loci in response to different pesticides. Here, we leveraged museum specimens spanning over a century of collections to generate temporal contrasts between pre- and post-insecticide populations of an agricultural pest moth, Helicoverpa armigera. We used targeted exon sequencing of 254 samples collected across Australia from the pre-1950s (prior to insecticide introduction) to the 1990s, encompassing decades of changing insecticide use. Our sequencing approach focused on genes that are known to be involved in insecticide resistance, environmental sensation, and stress tolerance. We found an overall lack of spatial and temporal population structure change across Australia. In some decades (e.g., 1960s and 1970s), we found a moderate reduction of genetic diversity, implying stochasticity in evolutionary trajectories due to genetic drift. Temporal genome scans showed extensive evidence of selection following insecticide use, although the majority of selected variants were low impact. Finally, alternating trajectories of allele frequency change were suggestive of potential antagonistic pleiotropy. Our results provide new insights into recent evolutionary responses in an agricultural pest and show how temporal contrasts using museum specimens can improve mechanistic understanding of rapid evolution.
Coevolution-induced selection for and against phenotypic novelty shapes species richness in clade co-diversification
Authors: Zeng Yichao , Hembry David H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Coevolution can occur because of species interactions. However, it remains unclear how coevolutionary processes translate into the accumulation of species richness over macroevolutionary timescales. Assuming speciation occurs as a result of genetic differentiation across space due to dispersal limitation, we examine the effects of coevolution-induced phenotypic selection on species diversification. Based on the idea that dispersers often carry novel phenotypes, we propose and test two hypotheses. (1) Stability hypothesis: selection against phenotypic novelty enhances species diversification by strengthening dispersal limitation. (2) Novelty hypothesis: selection for phenotypic novelty impedes species diversification by weakening dispersal limitation. We simulate clade co-diversification using an individual-based model, considering scenarios where phenotypic selection is shaped by neutral dynamics, mutualistic coevolution, or antagonistic coevolution, where coevolution operates through trait matching or trait difference, and where the strength of coevolutionary selection is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Our key assumption that interactions occur between an independent party (whose individuals can establish or persist independently, e.g., hosts) and a dependent party (whose individuals cannot establish or persist independently, for example, parasites or obligate mutualists) yields two contrasting results. The stability hypothesis is supported in the dependent clade but not in the independent clade. Conversely, the novelty hypothesis is supported in the independent clade but not in the dependent clade. These results are partially corroborated by empirical dispersal data, suggesting that these mechanisms might potentially explain the diversification of some of the most species-rich clades in the Tree of Life.
Development and reproduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on six host plant species
Authors: Cao Yu , Yang Yuping , Wang Chun , Li Min , Chen Ling , Xie Hua , Wang Lijuan , Reitz Stuart R , Li Can 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Host plants can strongly influence the population performance of insects. Here, we investigated the development, survival, and oviposition of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on 6 host plants—Camellia sinensis ( L.) Kuntze (Ericales: Theaceae), Rosa chinensis Jacq. (Rosales: Rosaceae), Capsicum annuum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), Eustoma grandiflorum (Hook.) G.Don (Gentianales: Gentianaceae), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae), and constructed life tables for S. dorsalis on each plant. Significant differences in S. dorsalis development on the host species were observed. The mean developmental period from egg to adult was 11.45 ± 0.12 days, 11.24 ± 0.13 days, 12.08 ± 0.15 days, 12.28 ± 0.12 days, 12.67 ± 0.10 days, and 13.03 ± 0.11 days on C. sinensis, R. chinensis, C. annuum, E. grandiflorum, G. max, and C. sativus, respectively. Significant differences in survival of S. dorsalis were observed, namely, C. sinensis ≈ R. chinensis &gt; E. grandiflorum ≈ C. annuum &gt; G. max &gt; C. sativus. The highest and lowest fecundities of S. dorsalis were recorded on R. chinensis (60.44 ± 1.53) and C. sativus (28.64 ± 1.02), respectively. Both of the net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of S. dorsalis were the highest on R. chinensis, with the values of 27.63 ± 0.58 and 0.142 ± 0.002, respectively; while the lowest on C. sativus, with the values of 8.81 ± 0.12 and 0.092 ± 0.003, respectively. Thus, R. chinensis was found to be the most suitable host, but C. sativus was the least suitable, for population development of S. dorsalis. Our results provide important information for the key control of S. dorsalis among different host plants.
An enhanced lure for eastern populations of the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Pureswaran Deepa S , Isitt Rylee , Huber Dezene P W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Regional variation in pheromone production and response has practical implications for the use of semiochemical lures to monitor and control bark beetle populations. We tested 4 lure formulations including 2 new formulations that reflect the pheromone production profiles of western and eastern populations of spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), as well as 2 commercially available formulations (current Rocky Mountain lure and current Atlantic lure), in 2 locations in New Brunswick, Canada. In 2 separate years, the new eastern lure containing seudenol, MCOL, and spruce terpenes captured 4 times (2021) and 11 times (2022) more spruce beetles than the current Atlantic lure that consisted of frontalin, seudenol, and spruce terpenes. In 2021, we also captured more eastern larch beetles, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with the new eastern lure, whereas in 2022, we captured the most D. simplex with the current Atlantic lure, suggesting that more research is needed on D. simplex pheromone production and response across its range. The bark beetle predator, Thanasimus dubius (Fabr.; Coleoptera: Cleridae), did not respond well to the new eastern blend that lacks frontalin, suggesting that response to frontalin is important in finding prey and might be conserved in predator populations. The reduced trap catch of T. dubius to the enhanced lure is beneficial because it does not inhibit natural population control by removing predators from the community. Our study reveals an improved trap lure for eastern populations of spruce beetles and highlights gaps and research needs in bark beetle pheromone ecology.
Characterization of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus (Notostraca: Triopsidae), injury to rice and its effect on rice seedling establishment
Authors: Espino Luis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rice seedlings of different stages of development were infested with tadpole shrimp (TPS, Triops longicaudatus [LeConte]), of different sizes in four experiments conducted in a lath house in Colusa, CA, during 2015 and 2016. Tadpole shrimp size was based on carapace length. Rice seedling stages were classified as S0 if no structures were present; S1 if only the coleoptile was present; S2 if the coleoptile and radicle were present; S3-I if the prophyll had emerged; S3-II if the first true leave had emerged but was not unfurled; and V1 if the first true leave was unfurled. Results showed that TPS of all sizes are capable of injuring rice and reducing seedling establishment, with larger TPS causing more seedling establishment reduction than medium or small TPS. The coleoptile, radicle, and roots were the structures most injured by TPS. During the S0 stage, TPS buried seeds, preventing their establishment. Seedling stages S1, S2, and S3-I were found to have the highest risk of injury by TPS, while seedling stage V1 had the lowest. Pearson’s correlation between injured seedlings and the normalized number of established seedlings indicates that injury to the coleoptile, root, and radicle combined are the most important in preventing seedling establishment.