bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging an Asymmetric Convolutional Neural Network for Power System Object Intelligent Recognition
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Siyao , Wang Ningguo , Zhao Zhongying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the realm of automatic inspection within the power system industry, leveraging artificial intelligence algorithms for the automated detection of typical objects holds immense significance. This paper introduces a novel approach, an asymmetric convolutional neural network, designed for intelligent recognition of typical objects in the power system. Specifically, the proposed algorithm adopts the YOLOv7 network architecture as a baseline for object detection, incorporating a newly developed asymmetric convolution layer. This innovative layer aims to enhance the extraction of image features and improve robustness against target flipping. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through its application to a project at the Information & Telecommunication Company, State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd. The objective was to detect the presence of the person in charge at the operation scene. Experimental results demonstrated a notable improvement, with the detection mAP of the person in charge reaching 95.8%, a 6.9% increase compared to YOLOv7, effectively enhancing accuracy. Additionally, the model achieved a recall rate of 93.4%, making it applicable for power system operation detection tasks and elevating the industry’s level of automation.
NASNet-LSTM based Deep learning Classifier for Anomaly Detection in Solar Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shiva , Wahab Noor Izzri Abdul , Veerasamy Veerapandiyan , Hizam Hashim , Farade Rizwan A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many nations are increasing the installations of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules for clean energy production. Such PV modules are considered to be cost effective if the module’s operation lifetime is more than twenty years. In real-time, the PV modules undergo degradation due to hotspots, defects and other anomalies resulting in reduced operation lifetime. Infrared (IR) Thermography is a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method that can be used in identifying such anomalies present in PV modules. However, the IR thermography requires Artificial Intelligence (AI) based classification techniques to detect the anomalies. This research article proposes a deep learning classifier, based on NASNet-LSTM for the identification of electrical and non-electrical anomalies occurring in PV modules. NASNet is a convolutional neural network (CNN) based classifier when combined with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks performs classification with an accuracy of 84.75% considering the raw dataset used in this research. The results are validated by comparing the accuracies with other models. The study concludes that NASNet-LSTM performs well in the anomaly detection of PV modules.
Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy
Authors: Aydogan Hasan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the synergistic relationship between electric vehicles and renewable energy sources in addressing environmental concerns and fostering sustainable transportation. While electric vehicles offer the significant benefit of zero tailpipe emissions, their environmental impact hinges on the source of their electricity. The paper highlights the crucial role of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower in powering electric vehicles and minimizing their carbon footprint. Examining various charging methods, including home solar systems, public charging stations with renewables, and smart charging systems, the paper demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of integrating EVs with renewable energy. The advantages of electric vehicles over gasoline vehicles are then presented, emphasizing their lower maintenance needs, cost-effectiveness, quieter operation, energy efficiency, and positive impact on air quality. Finally, the paper underscores the potential of electric vehicles to promote the transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy landscape.
Research on abnormal diagnosis model of electric power measurement based on small sample learning
Authors: Zhuang Gewei , Gu Zhen , Qing He , Zhang Jingyue , Zhang Honghong , Zhou Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For a long time, abnormal metering of electricity meters has caused huge economic losses to power grid companies. Abnormal diagnosis of power metering is an important means to ensure the normal operation of electricity meters and power automation operation and maintenance systems and is a hot topic of research for power workers. This article proposes a known measurement anomaly diagnosis model based on small sample learning to address the problem of insufficient labeled samples in power measurement anomaly diagnosis. The embedded network maps samples from the original sample space to the embedded space adjusts the embedded network structure, and improves the loss function. The experimental results show that the improved classification network has a higher recognition accuracy for known anomalies than the original network and other small sample learning models.
Optimization of demand side management strategies for building clusters based on cooperative game theory
Authors: Xu Jinyi , Wang Yongtao , Ding Jianzhong , He Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing difficulty of real-time supply-demand balance in the power system, the importance of system optimization scheduling has become increasingly prominent. By flexibly adjusting the elastic load on the power demand side, new ideas have been provided to alleviate the supply-demand contradiction in the power system. However, most existing demand-side management strategies use nonlinear optimization algorithms, which not only have complex optimization processes but also often overlook the ability of different energy flexibility systems to coordinate and cooperate when dealing with a large number of buildings connected to the grid. There is still significant room for improvement in the efficiency of control measures and the accuracy of results. This article proposes two optimization operation schemes for EFB clusters based on cooperative games, namely “system sharing” and “microgrid interconnection”. Among them, for the system sharing scheme, this article establishes an optimization control algorithm based on an alliance game, quantitatively analyzes the real-time contribution of each participant in the construction alliance, and determines the corresponding hourly control strategy based on this. For the microgrid interconnection scheme, this article adopts a bargaining game model to determine the control logic and related profit distribution principles of energy consumption interconnection within the building cluster. We simulate the game model by using MATLAB software, and the result shows that the system sharing mode can reduce the comprehensive electricity cost and peak valley energy consumption difference of the building cluster by 6.9%∼13.0% and 3.1%∼6.7%, respectively, which has a significant improvement effect on the problem of power grid supply-demand imbalance. Although the microgrid interconnection mode cannot change the peak and valley energy consumption of buildings, it can significantly improve the economic efficiency of building clusters and reduce the comprehensive electricity cost by 11.8% to 17.3%.
Autonomous operation domain generation and reduction method supporting the seamless power supply of important loads
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Wang Ke , Ge Jiabei , Xu Xu , Wu Hongmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In order to fully and accurately perceive the security risks of the intelligent distribution network, an autonomous operation domain generation and reduction method to support the seamless power supply of important loads is proposed. This method first adopts the scenario analysis method to analyze the photovoltaic uncertainty, introduces the micro-phasor measurement units (µPMU) with real-time, synchronization, accuracy, and comprehensive measurement data, and builds the fault data set through the scenario of each fault type occurring in each node of the smart distribution network. By constructing the load loss risk index of the autonomous operation domain under the photovoltaic scenario and the seamless switching ability index under the fault state, the autonomous operation domain evaluation and screening method based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is proposed. Combined with the evaluation index system, the autonomous operation domain scenario under the fault state is evaluated. The simulation results prove that this method is enough to realize the reliable screening of the autonomous operation domain scene set in the fault state, and effectively support the seamless power supply of important loads and the seamless operation of the distribution network.
Ultra-short-term dynamic prediction of multiple types of energy sources based on two-stage transfer learning
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Du Jiao , Zhang Haichuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this thesis, starting from the source load of the integrated energy system, the source load in the park is analyzed for the energy side of wind turbine power generation, hot and cold energy, photovoltaics, as well as for the related electric and hot and cold load side of enterprises and buildings. The ultra-short-term time-scale load prediction is performed based on artificial intelligence algorithms, respectively. The time series prediction model is trained by three factors, namely temperature, season, and holidays, using the data of electric load, heat load, and cold load to obtain the primary model. Based on the primary model, the final prediction model is obtained by adopting the migration learning strategy.
Microwave characterization of nanomaterials using planar slot resonator
Authors: Dhanasekaran Aravinth , Sumithra P. , Kommuri Usha Kiran , Kannadassan D. , Velmurugan V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nanomaterial characterization using microwaves is needed in nanoscale
semiconductor devices, microwave imaging, EM shielding, and wireless
communication. Many nanomaterials are used as metallic or dielectric
layers in these applications. In this paper, we report the characterization
of nanomaterials using planar Microwave Slot Resonator (MSR) which
was designed and studied using 3D EM simulation tool. The response
of MSR is parameterized which offers a platform to calculate relative
permittivity (ε
r) and conductivity (σ) from
measured high frequency response of nanomaterial loaded MSR. With
simplified method, this microwave characterization offers accurate
and faster results which be used in design, calculation and numerical
analysis of nanomaterial based electronic/optoelectronic devices and
sensor/shielding applications.
Wall-climbing performance of gecko-inspired robot with soft feet and digits enhanced by gravity compensation
Authors: Wang Bingcheng , Weng Zhiyuan , Wang Haoyu , Wang Shuangjie , Wang Zhouyi , Dai Zhendong , Jusufi Ardian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gravitational forces can induce deviations in body posture from desired configurations in multi-legged arboreal robot locomotion with low leg stiffness, affecting the contact angle between the swing leg’s end-effector and the climbing surface during the gait cycle. The relationship between desired and actual foot positions is investigated here in a leg-stiffness-enhanced model under external forces, focusing on the challenge of unreliable end-effector attachment on climbing surfaces in such robots. Inspired by the difference in ceiling attachment postures of dead and living geckos, feedforward compensation of the stance phase legs is the key to solving this problem. A feedforward gravity compensation (FGC) strategy, complemented by leg coordination, is proposed to correct gravity-influenced body posture and improve adhesion stability by reducing body inclination. The efficacy of this strategy is validated using a quadrupedal climbing robot, EF-I, as the experimental platform. Experimental validation on an inverted surface (ceiling walking) highlights the benefits of the FGC strategy, demonstrating its role in enhancing stability and ensuring reliable end-effector attachment without external assistance. In the experiment, robots without FGC only completed 3 out of 10 trials, while robots with FGC achieved a 100% success rate in the same trials. The speed was substantially greater with FGC, achieving 9.2 mm s−1 in the trot gait. This underscores the proposed potential of the FGC strategy in overcoming the challenges associated with inconsistent end-effector attachment in robots with low leg stiffness, thereby facilitating stable locomotion even at an inverted body attitude.
Fewer tropical cyclones yield more near-inertial wind work to the global ocean over the past four decades
Authors: Ma Yonggui , Shu Yeqiang , Wang Dongxiao , Hu Zhan , Li Mingting , Song Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In general, tropical cyclones (TCs) will inject energy into oceanic inertial motion‒a prevalent phenomenon in the ocean. Under global warming, the intensity of TCs is on the rise, while their frequency has exhibited a decline since 2000. However, the long-term trend of this energy infusion is an underexplored problem in this context. Using a damped-slab model, we computed the wind work exerted by TCs on the ocean’s mixed-layer inertial motions. Our results show that the global wind work has increased by approximately 50% from 1979 to 2023. The wind work increase of strong TCs (Saffir–Simpson levels 4–5) is the major contributor to the increasing trend of global wind work, primarily due to their increasing frequency and substantial wind stress. At basin scale, the wind work input of the North Atlantic TCs has increased by 2 times, owing to an increase in both their intensity and frequency. Specifically, in the South Indian and the eastern North Pacific basins, the rise in wind work is primarily attributed to the enhanced wind energy of TCs within the inertial bands.
Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This second edition builds on the first, providing a uniform approach to diverse problems encountered in the study of dynamical processes in condensed-phase molecular systems. It focuses on three themes: coverage of needed background material, in-depth introduction of methodologies, and analysis of several key applications to processes of importance in physical, chemical and biological phenomena in complex systems. Chapter 1 starts with a general review of basic mathematical and physical methods. It is followed by a few introductory chapters on quantum dynamics (Chapter 2), radiation–matter interaction (Chapter 3) and introduction to solids (Chapter 4) and liquids (Chapter 5). Chapters 6–12 provide a broad coverage of the main methodological approaches: time-correlation functions (Chapter 6), stochastic processes (Chapters 7 and 8), quantum relaxation phenomena (Chapters 9 and 10), linear response theory (Chapter 11) and various forms of the spin–boson model for describing molecular interaction with the radiation field and the thermal environment (Chapter 12). Chapters 13–19 describe some key applications: Vibrational relaxation and vibrational energy transfer (Chapter 13), Barrier crossing and diffusion-controlled reactions (Chapter 14), solvation dynamics (Chapter 15), electron transfer in bulk solvents (Chapter 16) and at electrodes/electrolyte and metal/molecule/metal junctions (Chapter 17), and several processes pertaining to molecular spectroscopy in condensed phases (Chapter 18) and at dielectric interfaces (new Chapter 19).
The spin–boson model
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses quantum relaxation within a generic model—the spin–boson model. (1) Introduction. (2) The spin–boson model. (3) The polaron transformation (the Born–Oppenheimer picture). (4) Golden-rule transition rates (the decay of an initially prepared level, the thermally averaged rate, evaluation of rates). (5) Transition between molecular and electronic states (the optical absorption lineshape, electronic relaxation of excited molecules, the weak coupling limit and the energy gap law, the thermal activation/potential-crossing limit). (6) Short-time approximation for the strong coupling limit. (7) Beyond the golden rule. (8) Spin-lattice relaxation.
Chemical reactions in condensed phases
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The application of classical and quantum relaxation theory to the kinetics of chemical reactions in condensed phases is discussed in this chapter. (1) Unimolecular reactions. (2) Transition state theory (TST) (the underlying assumptions of transition state theory, transition state rate of escape from a one dimensional well, TST in a multidimensional system, TST for non-adiabatic transitions, TST with tunneling). (3) Dynamical effects in barrier crossing—the Kramers model (Escape from a one-dimensional well, the overdamped case, moderate-to-large damping, the low damping limit, implications and shortcomings of the Kramers theory, non-Markovian effects, the normal mode description of barrier crossing). (4) Some experimental observations. (5) Numerical simulation of barrier crossing. (6) Diffusion-controlled reactions.
Electron transfer processes
Authors: Abraham Nitzan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electron transfer is one of the most important processes characterizing the dynamics of many chemical processes. This chapter describes the foundations of electron-transfer theory and its manifestation in experimental observations. (1) A primitive model for electron transfer. (2) Continuum dielectric theory of electron transfer (equilibrium electrostatics, transition assisted by dielectric fluctuations, thermodynamics with restrictions, dielectric fluctuations, reorganization energy, energetics of electron transfer between two ionic centers, the electron transfer rate). (3) A molecular theory of the non-adiabatic electron transfer rate. (4) Comparison with experimental results. (5) Solvent-controlled electron transfer dynamics. (6) A general expression for the dielectric reorganization energy. (7) The physical origin of the Marcus parabolas. (8) Harmonic field representation of dielectric response. (9) The non-adiabatic coupling and the Mulliken–Hush formula. (10) The distance dependence of electron transfer rates. (11) Bridge-mediated long-range electron transfer. (12) Electron transfer by hopping. (13) Proton transfer.
Depth-resolved potentiometric detection of active species near the surface of an aqueous solution under atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Kubota Kai , Yokoyama Yuko , Nishi Naoya , Sakka Tetsuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Near the plasma/water interface, highly active species such as ·OH are formed, providing unique reaction fields. To develop interfacial reaction systems that utilize them, it is important to conduct in-situ quantitative analysis of their supply and consumption kinetics. In this study, depth- and time-resolved in-situ potentiometric measurements were performed to detect redox-active species, such as OH radicals. A Pt electrode was employed as an indicator electrode and showed a large potential shift to 1.5 V vs SHE only when the depth was less than 10 µm, suggesting the presence of ·OH.
Simultaneous Detection Method of 11 Respiratory Drug Substances Including Theobromine, Oxymetazoline, etc. in Adulterated Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Kim Mi Jin , Choi Hwan Seong , Shin Hyunil , Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Nam Sook , Kim Hyungil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, the demand for respiratory disease-related products has surged due to the influence of coronavirus disease 2019, prompting warnings about illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized substances. Additionally, adulterated dietary supplements are continuously detected in open markets, posing significant public health safety problem. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method for 11 respiratory drug substances using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) and proposed optimal conditions for LC–quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC–QTOF-MS) to determine the fragmentation patterns of each substance. This method underwent thorough validation considering specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, etc. All results met international guidelines. These validated methods were applied to 52 dietary supplements advertised for treating respiratory diseases and enhancing respiratory function, among which one sample was found to contain 313.7 mg/g of theobromine. This determination was made by comparing the product ion ratios with the standards and subsequent quantification. To re-confirm the detected substances, their fragmentation patterns were compared with those of the standards using LC–QTOF-MS. In conclusion, the mass-based information, coupled with the LC–ESI–MS/MS method development, can be successfully applied to rapidly identify 11 respiratory drug substances in illegal dietary supplements used for respiratory disease treatment. The developed simultaneous detection method contributes to public health and safety improvements.
The Medieval Public Sphere and the Response to a Condemnation for Heresy in Bologna, 1299
Authors: Barucci Teresa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bologna, 1299. The purse-makers Bompietro and Giuliano are burned at the stake as heretics by the Dominican Inquisition. A discussion about the lack of fairness of the condemnation ensues and spreads all over the city. The outrage of the Bolognese community is such that an investigation into the disorders and a mass excommunication follow. This article uses the Bolognese episode, for which a rich documentation survives in the form of inquisitorial records, as a lens through which to observe and comment on the phenomenon of the ‘public sphere’ (a term coined in Habermas’s Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit) in medieval Europe. The first aim of the article is to demonstrate that it is possible to reconstruct a ‘public sphere’ in the specific context of the public response to the condemnation for heresy of the two purse-makers. In so doing, the article looks at the social composition and at the communication mechanisms of, and at the discussion taking place within, the Bolognese public sphere. Importantly, it proposes the idea that the Inquisition too was a public authority around which a public sphere could develop, in contrast to the focus on secular political institutions of the previous historiography. The second aim is to build on the evidence presented to demonstrate that the notion of the ‘public sphere’ can be an effective tool for the study of the interaction between the people and public authorities in the pre-modern world—if the critical functions rather than the structural characteristics of the phenomenon are emphasised.