bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does entrepreneurial university really exist in China?
Authors: Liu Ye 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the characteristics and evolution path of entrepreneurial university in China, through a case study of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) which has the reputation of “Chinese miniature of higher education” and in which entrepreneurial practice displays “Chinese characteristics”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has originated from the ongoing thinking after completion of the author's Doctoral thesis. So, a large number of materials collected during the dissertation research will be used in this case, much of which are first‐hand, from investigations, site visits and interviews. As in the Doctoral thesis, a case study approach is also adopted in this paper.FindingsThrough the inspection of HUST, it has been found that its entrepreneurial practice is in full compliance with the criteria of the entrepreneurial university. To some extent, the theory of entrepreneurial university is being revised by the practice of HUST. However, there are some “Chinese characteristics” which should be given special attention, such as university‐run enterprises, government‐pulled triple helix, the tradition of government‐run universities and so on.Originality/valueThe paper will help the policy makers clarify the development situation of entrepreneurial university in China, which involves choosing the transformation paths and future directions, and to achieve a good way of building entrepreneurial university in accordance with China's national conditions. At the same time, it will promote international understanding of the entrepreneurial university in China.
How can innovation create the future in a catching‐up economy?
Authors: Huang Shufang 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims at discovering the opportunities and challenges for China's pharmaceutical industry (pharma) in technological, management and products innovation and thinking of the strategies for the industrial development based on thinking for high‐tech to create the future.Design/methodology/approachThe study is primarily based on the literature review, data collection and interviews in varied research institutions, colleges as well as corporations. The literature review pays close attention to pharmaceutical industry and management. And the interviews took place in person, by telephone and via face‐to‐face conversations. By means of studying on the resulting data, this archive develops somewhat policy implications which can probably contribute to renew the competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry in innovation.FindingsThe critical shortages and the difficulties of China's pharmaceutical industry for development have been deeply discussed in this study, such as outdated healthcare system, controversial intellectual property regulation, and unconfident data system, which can handicap China's innovation.Originality/valueThis paper presents a systematic analysis of China's pharma, through addressing most key aspects, which is committed to driving incentives towards genuine innovation, and to sharing the potential competitive market. The findings of the dynamic health innovation system and the policy implications should be an original comprehensive understanding, all of which might be of interests to China's scholars, government officials and company practicing managers.
The important role of civil society groups in eco‐innovation: a triple helix perspective
Authors: Yang Yan , Egelund Holgaard Jette 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss, theoretically and practically, the role of civil society groups in eco‐innovation.Design/methodology/approachStarting from a discussion on the emergence of “triple helix twins”, “quadruple helix” and “N‐tuple helices”, this paper discusses the role of civil society groups in eco‐innovation by addressing the following research questions: Why is it necessary to stress that civil society groups are as important as university, industry and government in eco‐innovation? What inspiration can “triple helix twins” and “quadruple helix” provide when arguing for a fourth actor of civil society groups in eco‐innovation? How are civil society groups affecting eco‐innovation practice and what does it tell us about the relation between civil society groups and the triple helix actors? In addressing the “How” question the authors draw on examples of eco‐innovation activities in Denmark and China.FindingsTheoretically, the authors find that eco‐innovation has peculiarities of “intents toward environmental benefits”, “double externality problem” and “regulatory push/pull”. These peculiarities call for an explicit focus on civil society groups in eco‐innovation studies. Practically, eco‐innovation practices from Danish and Chinese companies show that: non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role as external expert knowledge providers, mediators and supporters of green business; the practices of the Danish case company indicate that civil society groups are not only foundations for developing innovation – they can be actors themselves; the existence of semi‐governmental organizations in the Chinese case company, which is categorized under the concept of NGOs, shows the limitations of the concept of civil society groups in exposing important actors and indicates the importance of analysing “mixed” organizations representing by linkages between the four actors.Social implicationsThe peculiarities of eco‐innovation indicate that eco‐innovation policy and strategy making should take civil society groups into consideration, as they are helpful not only to provide pressure and push industry onto a green track, but also as supporters and carriers of green business. Corporate social responsibility is proposed as a stepping‐stone to engage civil society groups in broader eco‐innovation activity.Originality/valueThe paper starts an important and novel discussion on the importance of worldwide acceptance of civil society groups as important actors in eco‐innovation.
Post 80s black leadership: the family and crime
Authors: Stanislas Perry 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to direct attention to social and cultural leadership in the area of family matters as they relate to black and disadvantaged communities. It seeks to reject and qualify the prevailing notions of victim status attributed to such groups in debates around the family and crime, while highlighting and challenging the various rationalities of the key actors involved. The paper calls for greater responsibility from those who view themselves as disadvantaged, and others who seek to advocate on their behalf.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on data gained from interviews carried out with black men, community activists, and participatory observation.FindingsBlack leaders for their own political motives continue to uncritically promote notions of female victimhood in the context of discussions around the family, youth delinquency, and crime. However, black lone‐parents are not passive victims and are often rational actors in the pursuit of personal goals, albeit often short‐sighted in terms of their social consequences.Practical implicationsMore research is required especially reflecting black male perspectives about parenthood and lone‐parent families. Research is also called for on the issue of policing, crime prevention, and related strategies utilised by community activists in addressing the complex range of problems experienced by their communities. The paper calls for a stop to the practice of demonising black men in the context of debates around family matters, and the adoption of a more balanced approach to the issues in question.Social implicationsThe paper contributes to a more informed debate on the topic, especially within affected communities, and discussions about parenting support/education, and the cultural specificity of some of the issues in question.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the role of black women's decision making in the context of family formation, and the role of sexism in black cultural practices in privileging female behaviour.
Police readiness for tackling hate crime against people with learning disabilities – areas for improvement and examples of good practice
Authors: Hoong Sin Chih , Sheikh Sanah , Khanna Mohini 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the extent to which police services are set up to deal with hate crime against people with learning disabilities; looking at infrastructure, policies, procedures and levels of awareness and understanding.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with representatives from 14 police services in England. Key documents submitted by the police services were reviewed, and a focus group with eight people with learning disabilities was conducted.FindingsMany police services are committed to tackling hate crime against people with learning disabilities. A wide variety of individuals have responsibility for dealing with hate crime and accountability structures are often unclear. Many services do not have hate crime policies that deal specifically with people with learning disabilities, or even disabled people in general. More training is required to ensure relevant staff are equipped to deal with the issues. Hate crime statistics are regarded as unreliable due to significant under‐reporting, although a few services have implemented innovative interventions to encourage reporting through awareness‐raising and multi‐agency working.Originality/valueThe Coalition Government has called for greater efforts at combating disability hate crime. It is widely acknowledged that the police are still failing disabled victims and witnesses. This paper identifies specific areas for improvement as well as innovative and effective practice that should be shared more widely.
Ranking of natural disasters in Sri Lanka for mitigation planning
Authors: Wickramaratne Sanjeewa , Ruwanpura Janaka , Ranasinghe Upul , Walawe‐Durage Samanthi , Adikariwattage Varuna , Wirasinghe S.C. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for a priori classification of natural disasters that occur in Sri Lanka, through the development of a set of weighted parameters based on the product of the disaster impact and the affected area, in order to prepare mitigation plans.Design/methodology/approachExperts' opinions were used for developing the parameters. Through a facilitated workshop, the weights of the disasters were obtained from experts involved in disaster mitigation at the local, regional and national levels in Sri Lanka. A correlation analysis was used to determine the most appropriate independent measures of disaster impact and affected area, the product of which was used to rank the identified disasters for further action.FindingsFor the pre‐selection of major disasters, the study showcases four weighted parameters, one of which is identified as the best. In total, five disasters have been singled out for further consideration in Sri Lanka. The product of the affected area factor, based on administrative area classification, and the impact factor, out of the two considered, that places a higher weight on minor disasters, is shown to be the best criterion.Research limitations/implicationsThe geographical distribution of the participants (experts) does influence the results, and those available for the workshop were not fully representative of all Sri Lanka's provinces.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes the importance of the consideration of the area impacted rather than the classification, which is based solely on the severity of the impact. The categorization of disasters based on experts' opinions and the related analysis revealed a priority order for planning for certain identified disasters.
Systematic review: hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibition
Authors: Hess M. W. , Hoenderop J. G. J. , Bindels R. J. M. , Drenth J. P. H. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a mainstay therapy for all gastric acid‐related diseases. Clinical concerns arise from a small but growing number of case reports presenting PPI‐induced hypomagnesaemia (PPIH) as a consequence of long‐term PPI use. Current opinion is that reduced intestinal magnesium absorption might be involved, but nothing is known on the molecular mechanism underlying PPIH.AimTo investigate whether or not PPIH is a true, long‐term drug‐class effect of all PPIs and to scrutinise a possible role of comorbidity in its aetiology. Therefore, the primary objective in particular was to investigate serum magnesium dynamics in trials drug withdrawal and re‐challenge. The secondary objective was to profile the ‘patient at risk’.MethodsWe reviewed systematically all currently available case reports on the subject and performed a statistical analysis on extracted data.ResultsProton pump inhibitor‐induced hypomagnesaemia PPIH is a drug‐class effect and occurred after 5.5 years (median) of PPI use, onset was broad and ranged from 14 days to 13 years. Discontinuation of PPIs resulted in fast recovery from PPIH in 4 days and re‐challenge led to reoccurrence within 4 days. Histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists were the preferable replacement therapy in PPIH and prevented reoccurrence of hypomagnesaemia. In PPIH no specific risk profile was identified that was linked to the hypomagnesaemia.ConclusionsThe cases of PPIH show severe symptoms of magnesium depletion and identification of its causation was only possible through withdrawal of the PPI. Clinical awareness of PPIH is key to avoid putting patients at risk.
Ensiled sorghum and soybean as ruminant feed in the tropics, with emphasis on Cuba
Authors: Lima‐Orozco R. , Castro‐Alegría A. , Fievez V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe concept is presented of combined cultivation of legumes and sorghum–maize and their use as conserved ruminant feed in tropical regions, with special reference to Cuba. Good yields are obtained during the rainy season through intercropping (alternate rows of either sorghum or maize and soybean). When followed by ensiling, this provides high‐quality ruminant feed for the tropical dry season. Soybean compensates for the low crude protein content of sorghum, whereas sorghum allows good silage quality in combination with legumes. The paper reviews and updates recent studies assessing combined sorghum–soybean cultivation and ensiling as well as determination of their feed value. The high nutritive quality and forage potential when these crops are intercropped demonstrate that silage from these plants can be used successfully in ruminant diets in Cuba and other tropical areas. Perspectives for new studies in this field are suggested, particularly with legume species that are more adapted to specific tropical regions and/or with higher forage yield. In addition, it is suggested that there is a need to assess the supplementation impact on meat and milk production at the farm level, as well as its environmental impact, when ruminants are fed combined silages from whole plants of sorghum–legumes.
The detection of periapical pathosis using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography – Part 2: a 1‐year post‐treatment follow‐up
Authors: Patel S. , Wilson R. , Dawood A. , Foschi F. , Mannocci F. 
Published: July 2012

Patel S, Wilson R, Dawood A, Foschi F, Mannocci F. The detection of periapical pathosis using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography – Part 2: a 1‐year post‐treatment follow‐up. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 711–723, 2012.AbstractAim  Part 2 of this clinical study aims to compare the radiographic change in periapical status of individual roots determined using digital periapical radiographs versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 1 year after primary root canal treatment and to determine the radiological outcome of treatment for each tooth.Methodology  Periapical radiographs and CBCT scans of 123 teeth in 99 patients assessed 1 year after completion of primary root canal treatment by a single operator were compared with their respective pre‐treatment (diagnostic) periapical radiographs and CBCT scans. The presence or absence as well as the increase or decrease in size of existing periapical radiolucency was assessed by a consensus panel consisting of two calibrated examiners. The panel viewed the images under standardized conditions. Paired comparison of the outcome diagnosis of individual roots and teeth was performed using generalized McNemar’s or Stuart–Maxwell test of symmetry analysis.Results  The ‘healed’ rate (absence of periapical radiolucency) for all roots combined was 92.7% using periapical radiographs and 73.9% for CBCT (P < 0.001). This rate increased to 97.2% and 89.4%, respectively, when the ‘healing’ group (reduced size of periapical radiolucency) was included (P < 0.001). A statistically significant difference in outcome diagnosis of single roots was observed between DPA and CBCT in single‐rooted teeth and the buccal or mesio‐buccal roots of multi‐rooted teeth (P < 0.05). Analysis by tooth revealed that the ‘healed’ rate (absence of periapical radiolucency) was 87% using periapical radiographs and 62.5% using CBCT (P < 0.001). This increased to 95.1% and 84.7%, respectively, when the ‘healing’ group (reduced size of periapical radiolucency) was included (P < 0.002). Outcome diagnosis of teeth showed a statistically significant difference between systems (P < 0.001). Reconstructed CBCT images revealed more failures (17.6%) in teeth with no pre‐operative periapical radiolucencies compared with periapical radiographs (1.3%) (P = 0.031). In teeth with existing pre‐operative periapical radiolucencies, reconstructed CBCT images also showed more failures (13.9%) compared with periapical radiographs (10.4%).Conclusion  Diagnosis using CBCT revealed a lower healed and healing rate for primary root canal treatment than periapical radiographs, particularly in roots of molars. There was a 14 times increase in failure rate when teeth with no pre‐operative periapical radiolucencies were assessed with CBCT compared with periapical radiographs at 1 year.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mineralization inhibition mechanism by the resinous monomer HEMA
Authors: Diamanti E. , Mathieu S. , Jeanneau C. , Kitraki E. , Panopoulos P. , Spyrou G. , About I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression of two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident key chaperone proteins, ERdj5 and BiP, under the influence of resinous monomers and its relationship with the inhibition of mineralization caused by the monomer 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA).MethodologyThe ERdj5 and BiP expression was studied in vitro, in primary human pulp cell cultures after treatment with three different HEMA concentrations at different time periods. Subsequently, the expression of both the odontoblast markers dentine sialoprotein (DSP) and osteonectin (OSN) was studied in human pulp cells under the same conditions.ResultsThe ERdj5 and BiP expression was upregulated in the pulp cells. DSP and OSN were largely dispersed in the cytoplasm in control cell cultures but accumulated in a perinuclear area after exposure to HEMA. Their expression levels were not affected.ConclusionsThe increased expression of ERdj5 and BiP may reflect activation of ER stress. DSP and OSN accumulation into the cells may lead to their secretion arrest and inhibition of dentine matrix formation. These events may elucidate the mechanism by which HEMA inhibits the mineralization process.
The role of macrophages in healing the wounded lung
Authors: Alber Andreas , Howie Sarah E. M. , Wallace William A. H. , Hirani Nikhil 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAcute tissue injury is often considered in the context of a wound. The host response to wounding is an orchestrated series of events, the fundamentals of which are preserved across all multicellular organisms. In the human lung, there are a myriad of causes of injury, but only a limited number of consequences: complete resolution, persistent and/or overwhelming inflammation, a combination of resolution/remodelling with fibrosis or progressive fibrosis. In all cases where complete resolution does not occur, there is the potential for significant ongoing morbidity and ultimately death through respiratory failure. In this review, we consider the elements of injury, resolution and repair as they occur in the lung. We specifically focus on the role of the macrophage, long considered to have a pivotal role in regulating the host response to injury and tissue repair.
High thoracic epidural analgesia decreases stress hyperglycemia and insulin need in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: GREISEN J. , NIELSEN D. V. , SLOTH E. , JAKOBSEN C.‐J. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveAssuming that high thoracic epidural analgesia (HTEA) with the sympathetic block might decrease postoperative blood glucose (BG) level and reduce the need of insulin, the aim was to evaluate the effect of HTEA on the BG level and insulin requirement in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Materials and methodsForty‐two low‐risk patients age 65–79 years scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting with or without aortic valve replacement were randomised to receive HTEA as supplement for general anaesthesia. BG and lactate were measured before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperatively at least every 3 h together with administration of insulin. Postoperative pain was evaluated 30 min, 2, 4 and 6 h after extubation, and before discharge from the intensive care unit.ResultsOverall BG levels showed great variation over time (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in perioperative BG, but postoperative lower BG levels were found in HTEA patients (P = 0.042). The number of patients not receiving insulin in postoperative period was significantly higher in HTEA group (9 vs. 2, P = 0.032). No differences were seen in lactate levels. Patients in the HTEA group had significant lower pain scores (P < 0.001).ConclusionHTEA preserves glucose metabolism better and leads to a lesser degree of ‘stress hyperglycaemia’ in cardiac surgery patients.
Dengue virus inactivation by minipool TnBP/Triton X‐45 treatment of plasma and cryoprecipitate
Authors: Burnouf T. , Chou M.‐L. , Cheng L.‐H. , Li Z.‐R. , Wu Y.‐W. , El‐Ekiaby M. , Tsai K.‐H. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Objectives  A minipool solvent/detergent (S/D; 1% TnBP/1% Triton X‐45; 31°C) process was developed for viral inactivation of plasma and cryoprecipitate used for transfusion. The goal of this study was to determine the rate and extent of inactivation of dengue virus (DENV) during this process.Materials and Methods  DENV‐1 was propagated using C6/36 mosquito cells to an infectivity titre close to 9 log and spiked (10% v/v) into individual plasma and cryoprecipitate samples from two distinct donors. Samples were taken right after spiking and during viral inactivation treatment by 1% TnBP‐1% Triton X‐45 at 31°C. DENV‐1 infectivity was assessed on Vero E6 cells by a focus‐forming assay (FFA). Culture medium and complement‐inactivated plasma were used as experimental controls. Experiments were done in duplicate.Results  DENV‐1 infectivity was 7·5 log in spiked plasma and 7·1 and 7·3 log in spiked cryoprecipitate. There was no loss of DENV‐1 infectivity in the spiked materials, nor in the controls not subjected to S/D treatment. No infectivity was found in plasma and cryoprecipitate subjected to S/D treatment at the first time‐point evaluated (10 min).Conclusion  DENV‐1 was strongly inactivated in plasma and cryoprecipitate, respectively, within 10 min of 1% TnBP/1% Triton X‐45 treatment at 31°C. These data provide a reassurance of the safety of such S/D‐treated plasma and cryoprecipitate with regard to the risk of transmission of all DENV serotypes and other flaviviruses.