bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer
Authors: ZAFIRELLIS KYRIAKOS , ZACHAKI AGLAIA , AGROGIANNIS GEORGE , GRAVANI KATERINA 
Published: January 2010

Zafirellis K, Zachaki A, Agrogiannis G, Gravani K. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. APMIS 2010; 118: 115–24.Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are expressed in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in colorectal cancer and to investigate its prognostic relevance. Tissue sections of primary tumors from 132 patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer were immunohistochemically examined for iNOS expression. The expression pattern of iNOS was correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics and survival. iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of tumor epithelial cells in 60 patients (45.5%) and positively correlated with lymph node involvement (p = 0.019). No significant correlation was found between iNOS expression and various clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, tumor grade, T stage, and Union International Contra la Cancrum (UICC) stage. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between iNOS‐positive tumors and poor disease‐specific survival (p < 0.0001), with independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis (HR = 4.42; p < 0.0001). Patients with stage II disease and iNOS‐positive tumors had significantly worse disease‐specific survival than those with iNOS‐negative tumors (p < 0.0001). In addition, patients with stage III disease and iNOS‐positive tumors had significantly worse disease‐specific survival than those with iNOS‐negative tumors (p = 0.001). The ability of iNOS to predict outcome in colorectal cancer patients may be independent of other known prognostic factors, providing a new molecular marker with significant potential for clinical utility.
Bacteriocin production by Shigella sonnei isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea
Authors: SOUSA MIREILLE ÂNGELA BERNARDES , MENDES EDILBERTO NOGUEIRA , APOLÔNIO ANA CAROLINA MORAIS , FARIAS LUIZ DE MACÊDO , MAGALHÃES PAULA PRAZERES 
Published: January 2010

Sousa MÂB, Mendes EN, Apolônio ACM, Farias LM, Magalhães PP. Bacteriocin production by Shigella sonnei isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea. APMIS 2010; 118: 125–35. Shigella is a common agent of diarrhoea, a worldwide major health problem. The bacterium produces bacteriocins; however, the role of these substances as a virulence factor is completely unknown. With the aim to search for colicin production by Shigella sonnei, to evaluate the influence of culture conditions on bacteriocin expression, and to characterize the substance partially, 16 S. sonnei strains isolated from children with diarrhoea were tested for antagonism against members of the intestinal microbiota or agents of diarrhoea. Nine strains exhibited isoantagonism and heteroantagonism against S. flexneri and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Autoantagonism and antagonism against the intestinal microbiota were not detected. Culture medium and incubation conditions influenced antagonism expression. Antagonism resulting from bacteriophages, low pH, fatty acids, hydrogen peroxide, and chloroform was excluded. The activity of the intracellular fraction obtained with 75% ammonium sulphate was preserved at pH 1.0–11.0, and was found to be reduced by organic solvents and affected by high temperatures and proteases. The antagonistic spectrum and the in vitro conditions for better antagonism expression suggest that the role of colicin in S. sonnei virulence, if any, would be expressed prior to infection, and may regulate population density of enteropathogens by helping in organism transmission.
Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to a cancer diagnosis does not aggravate the prognosis: a population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: GRADEL KIM O. , NØRGAARD METTE , SCHØNHEYDER HENRIK C. , DETHLEFSEN CLAUS , EJLERTSEN TOVE , KRISTENSEN BRIAN , NIELSEN HENRIK 
Published: January 2010

Gradel KO, Nørgaard M, Schønheyder HC, Dethlefsen C, Ejlertsen T, Kristensen B, Nielsen H. Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to a cancer diagnosis does not aggravate the prognosis: a population‐based follow‐up study. APMIS 2010; 118: 136–42.We hypothesized that preceding zoonotic Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis aggravated the prognosis in cancer patients. Exposed patients comprised all of those diagnosed with first‐time Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis from 1991 and with first‐time cancer diagnosis thereafter (through 2003) in two Danish counties. These patients were matched for main cancer type, gender, age and calendar period to unexposed cancer patients, i.e. those without Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis. We compared cancer stage by age‐ and comorbidity‐adjusted logistic regression analysis, survival by comorbidity‐adjusted Cox’s regression analysis and mortality dependent on the time period between Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis and cancer by spline regression curves. The study cohort comprised 272 Salmonella/Campylobacter‐exposed cancer patients and 2681 unexposed cancer patients. Prevalence odds ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] in exposed as compared with unexposed patients were 0.96 (0.74–1.25) for localized tumours, 1.15 (0.87–1.54) for regional spread and 1.14 (0.84–1.55) for metastases. Adjusted mortality rate ratios (95% CI) were 0.93 (0.75–1.16) for 0–1 year, 1.08 (0.84–1.39) for 2–5 years and 1.02 (0.60–1.73) for the remaining period. Mortality estimates did not change in relation to the time period between gastroenteritis and cancer. Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to cancer was associated with neither the cancer stage nor a poorer prognosis.
Toxic activity of the CdtB component of Haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin expressed from an adenovirus 5 vector
Authors: WISING CATHARINA , MAGNUSSON MARIA , AHLMAN KARIN , LINDHOLM LEIF , LAGERGÅRD TERESA 
Published: January 2010

Wising C, Magnusson M, Ahlman K, Lindholm L, Lagergård T. Toxic activity of the CdtB component of Haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin expressed from an adenovirus 5 vector. APMIS 2010; 118: 143–9.The Haemophilus ducreyi cytolethal distending toxin (HdCDT) catalytic subunit CdtB has DNase‐like activity and mediates DNA damage after its delivery into target cells. We constructed a replication‐deficient adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector expressing CdtB and investigated the toxic properties of this vector on HeLa cells. Ad5CdtB caused loss of cell viability, morphologic changes, and cell cycle arrest, findings similar to HdCDT intoxication. This confirmed that CdtB is responsible for the toxicity of the holotoxin when expressed in cells following transduction by an adenoviral vector, and indicated a possible potential of this novel strategy in studies of activity of intracellular products and in gene therapy of cancer.
Cytopathologic differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated non‐small cell carcinoma in bronchial lavage specimens using a regression analysis
Authors: CAKIR EBRU , DEMIRAG FUNDA , AYDIN MEHTAP 
Published: January 2010

Cakir E, Demirag F, Aydin M. Cytopathologic differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated non‐small cell carcinoma in bronchial lavage specimens using a regression analysis. APMIS 2010; 118: 150–55.The aim of this study was to determine the most significant cytologic features to differentiate small cell carcinoma (SCC) from poorly differentiated non‐small cell carcinoma (NSCC) in bronchial lavage specimens. Bronchial lavage specimens from 35 SCC cases and 63 poorly differentiated NSCC cases were examined and the cytologic parameters reviewed retrospectively. Thirty‐five cytologic features considered useful in differential diagnosis were assessed. Statistical analysis indicated that salt and pepper chromatin, small cell size and nuclear molding have more than 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity for SCC cases. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the most effective criteria to differentiate SCC from poorly differentiated NSCC are small cell size, salt and pepper chromatin, prominent nucleolus and papilla formation. When these selected variables were used, sensitivity for predicting SCC was 94.3% and specificity 96.8%, and sensitivity for predicting NSCC was 96.8% and specificity 94.3%. There are several cytologic features, which are highly sensitive and specific for distinguishing SCC from NSCC. Nuclear features such as chromatin pattern, and size of the nucleoli and nuclei are more valuable than cytoplasmic features to distinguish between the two.
An in vitro model of bacterial infections in wounds and other soft tissues
Authors: WERTHÉN MARIA , HENRIKSSON LINA , JENSEN PETER ØSTRUP , STERNBERG CLAUS , GIVSKOV MICHAEL , BJARNSHOLT THOMAS 
Published: January 2010

Werthén M, Henriksson L, Jensen PØ, Sternberg C, Givskov M, Bjarnsholt T. An in vitro model of bacterial infections in wounds and other soft tissues. APMIS 2010; 118: 156–64.There is growing evidence that bacteria play a crucial role in the persistence of chronic wounds. These bacteria are most probably present in polymer‐embedded aggregates that represent the biofilm mode of growth. Much work has been carried out to study the development of biofilms in vitro, in particular in attachment to solid surfaces. The observations from the chronic wounds indicate that the bacteria are not attached to a solid surface. Consequently, a new in vitro model is required to investigate biofilms in more wound‐like settings. This study describes such a novel in vitro model, with bacteria growing as biofilm aggregates in a collagen gel matrix with serum protein mimicking the wound bed of chronic wounds. The model was verified to comprise important hallmarks of biofilms such as the bacterial embedment in a matrix and increased antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, we have verified the relevance of the model by comparing the organization of the bacteria in the model with the organization of the bacteria in a real chronic wound. We believe that we have developed an important new model for investigating bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds. This model may be used to study biofilm development in chronic wounds and to develop novel diagnostic tools as well as treatment strategies.
The epidemiology of hand eczema in the general population – prevalence and main findings*
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. , Linneberg Allan , Menné Torkil 
Published: January 2010

Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in the general population. These studies are of high value as they tend to be less biased than studies using clinical populations and as they are important for healthcare decision makers when they allocate resources. This study aimed to review the epidemiology of hand eczema in the general population.Literature was examined using Pubmed‐Medline, Biosis, Science Citation Index, and dermatology text books. On the basis of studies performed between 1964 and 2007, the point prevalence of hand eczema was around 4%, the 1‐year prevalence nearly 10%, whereas the lifetime prevalence reached 15%. Based on seven studies, the median incidence rate of hand eczema was 5.5 cases/1000 person‐years (women = 9.6 and men = 4.0). A high incidence rate was associated with female sex, contact allergy, atopic dermatitis, and wet work. Atopic dermatitis was the single most important risk factor for hand eczema. Hand eczema resulted in medical consultations in 70%, sick leave (> 7 days) in about 20%, and job change in about 10%. Mean sick time was longer among those with allergic hand eczema than those with atopic and irritant hand eczema. Moderate to severe extension of hand eczema was the strongest risk factor for persistence of hand eczema. Other risk factors included early onset of hand eczema and childhood eczema. The aetiology of hand eczema is multifactorial and includes environmental as well as genetic factors. Future studies should focus on unresolved areas of hand eczema, for example, genetic predisposition.
Noble gases in enstatite chondrites II: The trapped component
Authors: Patzer Andrea , Schultz Ludolf 
Published: January 2010

Abstract— The trapped noble gas record of 57 enstatite chondrites (E chondrites) has been investigated. Basically, two different gas patterns have been identified dependent on the petrologic type. All E chondrites of type 4 to 6 show a mixture of trapped common chondritic rare gases (Q) and a subsolar component (range of elemental ratios for E4–6 chondrites: 36Ar/132Xe = 582 ± 270 and 36Ar/84Kr = 242 ± 88). E3 chondrites usually contain Q gases, but also a composition with lower 36Ar/132Xe and 36Ar/84Kr ratios, which we call sub‐Q (36Ar/132Xe = 37.0 ± 18.0 and 36Ar/84Kr = 41.7 ± 18.1). The presence of either the subsolar or the sub‐Q signature in particular petrologic types cannot be readily explained by parent body metamorphism as postulated for ordinary chondrites. We therefore present a different model that can explain the bimodal distribution and composition of trapped heavy noble gases in E chondrites.Trapped solar noble gases have been observed only in some E3 chondrites. About 30% of each group, EH3 and EL3 chondrites, amounting to 9% of all analyzed E chondrites show the solar signature. Notably, only one of those meteorites has been explicitly described as a regolith breccia.
Brachinites: Igneous rocks from a differentiated asteroid
Authors: Mittlefehldt David W. , Bogard Donald D. , Berkley John L. , Garrison Daniel H. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract— We have done petrologic studies of brachinites Allan Hills (ALH) 84025, Elephant Moraine (EET) 99402, and EET 99407; bulk geochemical studies of EET 99402 and EET 99407; Ar‐Ar studies of Brachina and EET 99402; and a Xe isotopic study of Brachina. Textural, mineral compositional, and bulk compositional evidence show that EET 99402 and EET 99407 are paired. ALH 84025, EET 99402, and EET 99407 have igneous textures. Petrofabric analyses of ALH 84025 and EET 99407 demonstrate the presence of lineations and probable foliations of olivine grains that support formation as igneous cumulates. Mineral minor element chemistry and bulk rock incompatible lithophile element contents of the brachinites are distinct from those of acapulcoitelodranite clan meteorites, a suite of high‐grade metamorphic rocks and anatectic residues. The differences demonstrate a higher blocking temperature of equilibration for the brachinites and that cumulus plagioclase is present in EET 99402, EET 99407, and probably ALH 84025, thus indicating an igneous origin. Brachinites are differentiated, ultramafic achondrites, and are not part of a suite of primitive achondrites. We infer that their parent asteroid is a differentiated body.Brachina has an excess of 129Xe correlated with reactor‐produced 128Xe, demonstrating that short‐lived 129I was present at the time of formation. This, plus literature data, attests to early formation of the brachinites, within a few Ma of the formation of chondrites. Ar‐Ar age data show that Brachina and EET 99407 were degassed about 4.13 Ga ago, possibly by a common impact event. EET 99402 and EET 99407 show petrographic evidence for shock, including possible conversion of plagioclase to maskelynite followed by devitrification. Brachina is unshocked, making a direct association between the Ar‐Ar age and textures ambiguous.
Iron oxidation state in the Fe‐rich layer and silica matrix of Libyan Desert Glass: A high‐resolution XANES study
Authors: Giuli Gabriele , Paris Eleonora , Pratesi Giovanni , Koeberl Christian , Cipriani Curzio 
Published: January 2010

Abstract— Libyan Desert Glass (LDG) is an enigmatic type of glass that occurs in western Egypt in the Libyan Desert. Fairly convincing evidence exists to show that it formed by impact, although the source crater is currently unknown. Some rare samples present dark‐colored streaks with variable amounts of Fe, and they are supposed to contain a meteoritic component.We have studied the iron local environment in an LDG sample by means of Fe K‐edge highresolution X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to obtain quantitative data on the Fe oxidation state and coordination number in both the Fe‐poor matrix and Fe‐rich layers. The pre‐edge peak of the high‐resolution XANES spectra of the sample studied displays small but reproducible variations between Fe‐poor matrix and Fe‐rich layers, which is indicative of significant changes in the Fe oxidation state and coordination number. Comparison with previously obtained data for a very low‐Fe sample shows that, while iron is virtually all trivalent and in tetrahedral coordination ([4]Fe3+) in the low‐Fe sample, the sample containing the Fe‐rich layers display a mixture of tetra‐coordinated trivalent iron ([4]Fe3+) and penta‐coordinated divalent iron ([5]Fe2+), with the Fe in the Fe‐rich layer being more reduced than the matrix. From these data, we conclude the following: a) the significant differences in the Fe oxidation state between LDG and tektites, together with the wide intra‐sample variations in the Fe‐oxidation state, confirm that LDG is an impact glass and not a tektite‐like glass; b) the higher Fe content, coupled with the more reduced state of the Fe, in the Fe‐rich layers suggests that some or most of the Fe in these layers may be directly derived from the meteoritic projectile and that it is not of terrestrial origin.
Minor element zoning and trace element geochemistry of pallasites
Authors: Hsu Weibiao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract— I report here on an ion probe study of minor element spatial distributions and trace element concentrations in six pallasites. Pallasite olivines exhibit ubiquitous minor element zoning that is independent of grain size, morphology, and adjacent phases. Ca, Cr, Ti, V, and Ni concentrations decrease from center to rim by factors of up to 10, while Mn is generally unzoned or increases slightly at the very edge of some olivine grains. The maximum concentrations of these elements at the center of olivine vary from grain to grain within the same meteorite and among the pallasites studied. These zoning profiles are consistent with thermal diffusion during rapid cooling. The inferred cooling rates at high temperature regimes are orders of magnitude faster than the low‐temperature metallographic cooling rates (˜0.5 to 2°C/Ma). This suggests that pallasites, like mesosiderites, have experienced rather complicated thermal histories, i.e., cooling rapidly at high temperatures and slowly at low temperatures.Pallasite olivines are essentially free of REEs. However, the phosphates display a wide range of REE abundances (0.001 to 100 x CI) with distinct patterns. REEs are generally homogeneous within a given grain but vary significantly from grain to grain by a factor of up to 100. Albin and Imilac whitlockite are highly enriched in HREEs (˜50 x CI) but are relatively depleted in LREEs (˜0.1 to 1 x CI). Eagle Station whitlockite has a very unusual REE pattern: flat LREEs at a 0.1 x CI level, a large positive Eu anomaly, and a sharp increase from Gd (0.1 x CI) to Lu (70 x CI). Eagle Station stanfieldite has a similar REE pattern to that of whitlockite but with much lower REEs by a factor of 10 to 100. Springwater farringtonite has relatively low REE concentrations (0.001 to 1 x CI) with a highly fractionated HREE‐enriched pattern (CI‐normalized Lu/La ˜100). Postulating any igneous processes that could have fractionated REEs in these phosphates is difficult. Possibly, phosphates were incorporated into pallasites during mixing of olivine and IIIAB‐like molten Fe. These phosphates preserve characteristics of a previous history.Pallasites have not necessarily formed at the mantle‐core boundary of their parent bodies. The pallasite thermal histories suggest that pallasites may have formed at a shallow depth and were subsequently buried deep under a regolith blanket.
Microdistribution of primordial Ne and Ar in fine‐grained rims, matrices, and dark inclusions of unequilibrated chondrites—Clues on nebular processes
Authors: VOGEL Nadia , WIELER Rainer , BISCHOFF Addi , BAUR Heinrich 
Published: January 2010

Abstract— The low temperature fine‐grained material in unequilibrated chondrites, which occurs as matrix, rims, and dark inclusions, carries information about the solar nebula and the earliest stages of planetesimal accretion. The microdistribution of primordial noble gases among these components helps to reveal their accretionary and alteration histories. We measured the Ne and Ar isotopic ratios and concentrations of small samples of matrix, rims, and dark inclusions from the unequilibrated carbonaceous chondrites Allende (CV3), Leoville (CV3), and Renazzo (CR2) and from the ordinary chondrites Semarkona (LL3.0), Bishunpur (LL3.1), and Krymka (LL3.1) to decipher their genetic relationships. The primordial noble gas concentrations of Semarkona, and—with certain restrictions—also of Leoville, Bishunpur, and Allende decrease from rims to matrices. This indicates a progressive accretion of nebular dust from regions with decreasing noble gas contents and cannot be explained by a formation of the rims on parent bodies. The decrease is probably due to dilution of the noble‐gas‐carrying phases with noble‐gas‐poor material in the nebula. Krymka and Renazzo both show an increase of primordial noble gas concentrations from rims to matrices. In the case of Krymka, this indicates the admixture of noble gas‐rich dust to the nebular region from which first rims and then matrix accreted. This also explains the increase of the primordial elemental ratio 36Ar/ 20Ne from rims to matrix. Larger clasts of the noble‐gas‐rich dust form macroscopic dark inclusions in this meteorite, which seem to represent unusually pristine material. The interpretation of the Renazzo data is ambiguous. Rims could have formed by aqueous alteration of matrix or—as in the case of Krymka—by progressive admixture of noble gas‐rich dust to the reservoir from which the Renazzo constituents accreted. The Leoville and Krymka dark inclusions, as well as one dark inclusion of Allende, show noble gas signatures different from those of the respective host meteorites. The Allende dark inclusion probably accreted from the same region as Allende rims and matrix but suffered a higher degree of alteration.The Leoville and Krymka dark inclusions must have accreted from regions different from those of their respective rims and matrices and were later incorporated into their host meteorites. The noble gas data imply a heterogeneous reservoir with respect to its primordial noble gas content in the accretion region of the studied meteorites. Further studies will have to decide whether these differences are primary or evolved from an originally uniform reservoir.