bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lupin allergy: a hidden killer at home, a menace at work; occupational disease due to lupin allergy
Authors: Campbell C. P. , Yates D. H. 
Published: September 2010

Summary Cite this as: C. P. Campbell and D. H. Yates, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1467–1472.The products of the flowering plant, lupin, are increasingly used as a human food product, particularly in baking. Occupational sensitization to lupin with occupational rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma was first described in 2001, and confirmed in a larger cross‐sectional study in a food processing company in 2006. Sensitization by inhalation may result in occupational asthma, work‐exacerbated asthma, occupational rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The incidence of occupational sensitization may be as high as 29%. The relationship with exposure intensity is as yet unclear, and requires further clarification. Although there is little information from long‐term studies, these diseases are likely to improve after cessation of exposure. Cross‐sensitization to other legumes, particularly peanuts, has been shown by skin prick testing, with potential for serious anaphylactic reactions. This review summarizes the available literature on occupational sensitization to lupin products. It is one of two reviews, one covering the problem of lupin allergy in the home, while the present article deals with lupin sensitization in the workplace. Increased awareness is needed of this occupational hazard to avoid future cases of occupational disease and their accompanying morbidity and potential mortality.
Analysis of immune cells draining from the abdominal cavity as a novel tool to study intestinal transplant immunobiology
Authors: Meier D , Cagnola H , Ramisch D , Rumbo C , Chirdo F , Docena G , Gondolesi G E , Rumbo M 
Published: September 2010

Summary
During intestinal transplant (ITx) operation, intestinal lymphatics are not reconstituted. Consequently, trafficking immune cells drain freely into the abdominal cavity. Our aim was to evaluate whether leucocytes migrating from a transplanted intestine could be recovered from the abdominal draining fluid collected by a peritoneal drainage system in the early post-ITx period, and to determine potential applications of the assessment of draining cellular populations. The cell composition of the abdominal draining fluid was analysed during the first 11 post-ITx days. Using flow cytometry, immune cells from blood and draining fluid samples obtained the same day showed an almost complete lymphopenia in peripheral blood, whereas CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD3+CD4-CD8+ and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)+CD19+ lymphocytes were the main populations in the draining fluid. Non-complicated recipients evolved from a mixed leucocyte pattern including granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to an exclusively lymphocytic pattern along the first post-ITx week. At days 1–2 post-Itx, analysis by short tandem repeats fingerprinting of CD3+CD8+ sorted T cells from draining fluid indicated that 50% of cells were from graft origin, whereas by day 11 post-ITx this proportion decreased to fewer than 1%. Our results show for the first time that the abdominal drainage fluid contains mainly immune cells trafficking from the implanted intestine, providing the opportunity to sample lymphocytes draining from the grafted organ along the post-ITx period. Therefore, this analysis may provide information useful for understanding ITx immunobiology and eventually could also be of interest for clinical management.
Induction of interleukin-23 p19 by serum amyloid A (SAA) in rheumatoid synoviocytes
Authors: Migita K , Koga T , Torigoshi T , Motokawa S , Maeda Y , Jiuchi Y , Izumi Y , Miyashita T , Nakamura M , Komori A , Ishibashi H 
Published: September 2010

Summary
In this study, we investigated the roles of serum amyloid A (SAA) in T helper 17 (Th17)-related cytokine induction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synoviocytes. Synoviocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were stimulated with recombinant SAA and IL-23 expression was investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The involvement of mitogen-activated protein kineases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in SAA-induced interleukin (IL)-23 p19 expression was investigated using pharmacological inhibitors. In RA synoviocytes, SAA induced the expression of IL-23 p19 and p40 mRNA expression. The SAA-stimulated expression of p19 was rapid (&lt; 3 h), and insensitive to polymyxin B treatment. This SAA-stimulated expression of IL-23 p19 was inhibited completely by inhibitors of NF-κB, p38MAPK and dexamethasone. Interestingly, the SAA-induced IL-23, p19 and p40 production was accompanied by enhanced expression of IL-1β, but not transforming growth factor-β. These results indicate that SAA is a significant inducer of IL-23 and IL-1β in RA synoviocytes and potentially activates the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in the RA synovium. Our data present a novel interaction between inflammation and autoimmunity by an acute-phase protein.
Endocervical glandular cell abnormalities in conventional cervical smears: evaluation of the performance of cytomorphological criteria and HPV testing in predicting neoplasia
Authors: Rabelo‐Santos S. H. , Derchain S. F. M. , Do Amaral Westin M. C. , Angelo‐Andrade L. A. L. , Sarian L. O. Z. , Oliveira E. R. Z. M. , Morais S. S. , Zeferino L. C. 
Published: September 2010

Objective:  To analyse the correlation between cytomorphological criteria in smears with atypical glandular cells (AGC) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and human papillomavirus (HPV) reflex test results with different neoplastic histological diagnoses, particularly to distinguish between glandular and squamous neoplasia.Methods:  A series of 155 women with glandular abnormalities in their conventional cervical smears was included: 106 with AGC, 35 with AGC associated with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 14 with AIS. Two reviewers evaluated 35 cytomorphological criteria and hybrid capture II (HCII) was performed in all cases. Colposcopy was carried out in all cases and biopsy in 126/155. For statistical purposes, predictive values and odds ratio (OR) were calculated, followed by chi‐square automatic interaction detection.Results:  Histology detected 56 cases of squamous and 17 of glandular intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia. Predictive values of the papillary groups and feathering criteria for glandular neoplasia were, respectively, 80.0% and 73.3%. Feathering was the criterion with the highest OR for distinguishing glandular from squamous neoplasia and also for distinguishing between glandular and non‐neoplastic diagnosis. Rosettes and pseudostratified strips did not perform as well. Multivariant Classification and Regression Trees analysis identified feathering as the best criterion for distinguishing between glandular, squamous and non‐neoplastic diagnoses regardless of HPV status.Conclusions:  Feathering was the best criterion for predicting glandular neoplasia.
Interactions among intraspecific competition, emergence patterns, and host selection behaviour inIps pini(Coleoptera: Scolytinae)
Authors: SALLÉ AURÉLIEN , RAFFA KENNETH F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract1. Variations in developmental conditions of bark beetles, particularly intraspecific competition, can induce morphological and physiological modifications in the offspring. It is hypothesised that intraspecific competition could also affect host selection behaviour. Such behavioural changes might be manifested in response to host (alpha‐pinene) or beetle (verbenone) compounds.2. Ips piniwere bred at different densities. The offspring were measured for size, weight, and lipid concentration, and then subjected to tunnelling bioassays in agar media amended with varying amounts of alpha‐pinene or verbenone.3. High parental colonisation densities reduced emergence time of parents and offspring. Increasing colonisation density and emergence time had a negative influence on offspring vigour, resulting in a reduction of the distance tunnelled by the beetles.4. Both alpha‐pinene and verbenone were repellent. Surprisingly, verbenone was also toxic at high concentrations, with its effect being greater on beetles arising from high densities. The repellent effect of these compounds did not vary according to colonisation density, but for both compounds, at a 1.5 mg g–1concentration, it increased with emergence time.5. The consequences of varying vigour and behaviour in relation to developmental conditions and emergence patterns on population dynamics ofI. piniare discussed.
Intergenerational acclimation in aphid overwintering
Authors: POWELL S. J. , BALE J. S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. When first instar nymphs and adults of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphidiae) were maintained in long‐term cultures (>6 months) at 20 °C and 10 °C, the LT50 decreased from −8 and −8.8 °C to −16.0 and −13.5 °C, respectively.2. When aphids from the 20 °C culture were transferred to 10 °C, there was a progressive increase in cold tolerance through three successive generations. Transfer of newly moulted pre‐reproductive adults reared at 10 °C for three generations back to 20 °C resulted in a rapid loss of cold hardiness in their nymphal offspring.3. In all generations reared at 10 °C, first born nymphs were more cold hardy than those born later in the birth sequence. The LT50 of nymphs produced on the first day of reproduction in the first, second and third generations maintained at 10 °C were −14.8, −17.0 and −16.6 °C, respectively. Thereafter, nymphal cold hardiness decreased over the subsequent 14 days of reproduction in each generation at 10 °C with mean LT50 values of −10.3, −12.6 and −14.8 °C, respectively. By contrast, the cold tolerance of first born nymphs of aphids reared continuously at 20 °C did not differ in comparison with later born siblings. The LT50 of adult aphids was also unaffected by ageing.4. The ecological relevance of these findings is discussed in relation to the overwintering survival of aphids such as S. avenae.
An evaluation of the potential side‐effects of α‐glucosidase inhibitors used for the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: REUSER A. J. J. , WISSELAAR H. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOrally taken α‐glucosidase inhibitors are used for the management of diabetes mellitus. These drugs can prevent the postprandial rise of the blood glucose level by inhibiting the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates in the intestinal lumen. Non‐absorbable inhibitors such as acarbose are expected to function exclusively in the intestine, but absorbable inhibitors such as miglitol may exert an inhibitory effect on non‐intestinal α‐glucosidases present in the various cell types of the body. The potential side‐effects of absorbable inhibitors are evaluated in this literature review. It is concluded that there is little risk of inducing unwanted side‐effects when miglitol is taken in an oral dose of approximately 1 mg kg−1 body weight. The use of absorbable inhibitors is, however, not advised in case of kidney dysfunction.
Acarbose and insulin therapy in type I diabetes mellitus
Authors: RIOS M. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper relevant studies are summarized regarding the use of acarbose as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of type I diabetes. It is concluded that this approach may contribute to a reduction of postprandial blood glucose excursions and a smoothening of daily blood glucose profiles, an improvement of metabolic control as expressed by glycosylate haemoglobin values and a reduction of insulin requirements. Long‐term studies are, however, necessary before one can conclude that addition of acarbose to the therapeutic regimen in type I diabetic subjects is of longstanding value.
Efficacy of α‐glucosidase inhibitors on lipids in NIDDM subjects with moderate hyperlipidaemia
Authors: LEONHARDT W. , HANEFELD M. , FISCHER S. , SCHULZE J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper summarizes literature data concerning the action of acarbose, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor, on the concentrations of plasma lipids. Clinical trials in which acarbose has been used in the treatment of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics have sometimes shown that it reduces serum triglycerides while it has little or no effect on serum cholesterol levels. The results of a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study lasting 24 weeks are discussed in more detail. Under the controlled conditions, the effects of acarbose treatment on fasting concentrations of cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, and triglycerides did not reach statistical significance for the entire patient group. However, in the highest tertile of initial cholesterol concentrations acarbose treatment led to significant lowering of the cholesterol concentration and of the total‐to‐HDL‐cholesterol ratio. The most important benefits of acarbose were observed after a test meal given on day 0 and on week 24 of treatment. The triglyceride increment 1 h postprandial was significantly lowered. This was associated by a significant decrease of the insulin increment. Reduction of hyperinsulinaemia appears to be the mechanism by which acarbose treatment can improve plasma lipid concentrations.
Electronic nose analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Humphreys Lee , Orme Robert M. L’E. , Moore Philippa , Charaklias Napoleon , Sahgal Natasha , Planas Pont Neus , Magan Naresh , Stone Nicholas , Kendall Catherine A. 
Published: September 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 41 (1): 52–58AbstractBackground  Electronic nose (E‐nose) technology has been successfully used to diagnose a number of microbial infections. We have investigated the potential use of an E‐nose for the diagnosis of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) by detecting micro‐organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in a prospective comparative study of E‐nose analysis and microbiology.Materials and methods  BAL samples were collected using a blind technique from 44 patients following a minimum of 72 h mechanical ventilation. Control samples were collected from six patients mechanically ventilated on the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately following elective surgery. Quantitative microbiological culture and E‐nose headspace analysis of the BAL samples were undertaken. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate E‐nose response with microbiological growth.Results  E‐nose fingerprints correctly classified 77% of the BAL samples, with and without microbiological growth from patients not on antibiotics. Inclusion of patients on antibiotics resulted in 68% correct classification. Seventy per cent of isolates, cultured in the laboratory from the clinical samples, were accurately discriminated into four clinically significant groups.Conclusions  E‐nose technology can accurately discriminate between different microbial species in BAL samples from ventilated patients on ICU at risk of developing VAP with accuracy comparable with accepted microbiological techniques.
Inhibitors in haemophilia A: current management and open issues
Authors: HAYA S. , MORET A. , CID A. R. , CORTINA V. , CASAÑA P. , CABRERA N. , AZNAR J. A. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.  The incidence of inhibitors in haemophilia A is 21–33%. The development of inhibitors to factor VIII (FVIII) is one of the most serious complications in haemophilia therapy and is an important challenge in haemophilia care. The main short‐term objective of the treatment of haemophilic patients with inhibitors is to control bleeding episodes, and the long‐term one is to eradicate the inhibitor by means of immune tolerance induction (ITI).The choice of treatment for bleeding in inhibitor patients is dictated by the current inhibitor titre, the severity of the bleed and the previous anamnesic response to FVIII. In low responder inhibitor patients the best treatment is large doses of concentrates of FVIII to attain haemostatic levels of the factor infused. The same approach can also be considered in high responders who have a temporarily low inhibitor level and major haemorrhage. High responders patients with high inhibitors titre or with minor haemorrhage must be treated with bypassing agents, such as FEIBA (factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity) or recombinant activated FVII (rVIIa); there is no agreement which of both agents should be chosen in the different clinical situations. Only in patients waiting to start ITI treatment the rFVIIa use is clearly recommended, in order to avoide an anamnesic responce. In case of failure with this agents, extracorporeal immunoadsortion may be considered.All haemophiliac children who develop an inhibitor should be considered for ITI. The start of ITI should be deferred until the inhibitor has declined below 10 Bethesda units/mL (BU ml−1) where possible. Starting the treatment when inhibitor titre is below 10 BU ml−1 is the strongest predictor of success. However, there are many other points to clarify: recommended FVIII doses in the ITI; if the results can be affected by concomitant infections during ITI; if there are any differences using plasma derived or recombinant concentrates, even more if the plasma‐derived concentrate contains large amounts von willebrand factor or not; age of starting the ITI and the delay in beginning it; if using immunosupresors can help in the treatment of patients with a bad prognosis; and when the treatment must be left in patients without a clear failure.
Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and dispersal in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Kelly Amy C. , Mateus‐Pinilla Nohra E. , Douglas Marlis , Douglas Michael , Brown William , Ruiz Marilyn O. , Killefer John , Shelton Paul , Beissel Tom , Novakofski Jan 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. The prevention and management of transmissible diseases hinges upon understanding host dispersal because it influences distribution of wildlife, affects the rate of disease transmission, and alters the spatial distribution of infection. The relationship between host dispersal and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is of interest because potential interspecies transmission of fatal prion diseases creates serious risks for wildlife, domestic species, and humans. 2. We used molecular techniques to examine dispersal in a population of Illinois white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus. Sampled individuals inhabited areas with confirmed cases of CWD, a transmissible prion disease of cervids, with additional sampling in uninfected locations. We genotyped 1410 deer harvested through CWD surveillance using 10 microsatellites and measured gene flow, determined population structure and quantified gender‐specific differences in dispersal. Additionally we used spatial autocorrelation and parentage assignments to examine individual movements. 3. Female deer demonstrated philopatry as evidenced by higher levels of genetic structure, positive spatial autocorrelation and maternity assignments within one home range. 4. Male deer were less genetically structured and frequently exchanged genes across >100 km. 5. Synthesis and applications. Dispersal contributes to the spread of wildlife diseases. Therefore, knowledge of wildlife movement patterns can enhance the efficacy of disease control programmes. Our findings show that samples collected for disease surveillance are useful for measuring gene flow and inferring dispersal in white‐tailed deer. High genetic admixture indicates males disperse regardless of landscape features. In contrast, distinct clustering of females demonstrates localized dispersal and philopatry. Taken together, results suggest that CWD surveillance and culling of males should be broadly expanded after an outbreak. Furthermore, surveillance of hunter‐harvested deer can be used to identify locales in which CWD occurs, and this information should be used to focus culling efforts on females within genetically defined clusters (‘matriarchal groups’). Removal of matriarchal groups at those locations will reduce horizontal transmission more than widely distributed population reductions.
Assessment of dietary adequacy in a remote Inuvialuit population
Authors: Erber E. , Hopping B. N. , Beck L. , Sheehy T. , De Roose E. , Sharma S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Traditional foods are rich sources of essential nutrients, but Inuvialuit in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, have been undergoing a nutrition transition, characterised by an increased consumption of non‐nutrient‐dense foods. The present study aimed to characterise energy, nutrient and food intakes amongst adult Inuvialuit.Methods:  The study collected up to three 24‐h dietary recalls on nonconsecutive days for each participant in spring/summer of 2008 in one remote community in the NWT. Recall data were analysed for energy and nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, most commonly reported foods, and food contributors to energy and nutrients.Results:  Participants included 14 men and 50 women (response rate 79%). Median daily energy intake was 9.4 (interquartile range = 5.7) MJ for men and 8.3 (3.6) MJ for women. The majority of adult Inuvialuit did not meet the recommendation for vitamins A [median intake = 344.7 (246.3) μg‐RAE in men, 248.9 (213.8) μg‐RAE  in women], B6 [0.9 (0.8) mg in men, 1.0 (0.5) mg in women] and E [2.4 (2.1) mg in men, 1.8 (1.0) mg in women], dietary fibre [7.7 (5.7) g in men, 8.7 (4.4) g in women], calcium [779.6 (842.0) mg in men, 610.4 (431.5) mg in women] and total folate [222.6 (57.7) μg in men, 264.6 (127.5) μg in women]. Vitamin D intake was below the recommendation for most women [median intake = 100.0 (119.2) IU]. Traditional foods contributed substantially to protein and iron intake. Juices were the main contributors to energy, carbohydrate and calcium.Conclusions:  The present study revealed an inadequate consumption of essential nutrients in an Inuvialuit population. If these nutrient deficiencies continue, this population will face an increased burden of chronic diseases and malnutrition.
Validation of a culturally appropriate quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Inuvialuit population in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Pakseresht M. , Sharma S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  The estimation of dietary intake in population‐based studies is often assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This present study aimed to establish the validity of a 142‐item quantitative FFQ (QFFQ) developed to assess dietary intake in a population living in the Northwest Territories, Canada, and undergoing rapid nutrition transition.Methods:  Sixty‐four randomly selected Inuvialuit adults were recruited. The mean of one to three 24‐h recalls was used as the reference to measure the validity of the QFFQ. Spearman rank correlations (ρ), cross‐classification and weighted kappa were computed as measures of concordance, adjusting for the daily dietary intake variations in the recalls. Bland – Altman plots were used for additional assessment.Results:  Four participants with daily energy intake of >25.1 MJ were not included in the analysis. For all nutrients, mean daily intake estimations were higher from the QFFQ than from the recalls. De‐attenuated ρ’s for macronutrients ranged from 0.33 (protein) to 0.45 (carbohydrate). The best de‐attenuated ρ amongst micronutrients was observed for vitamin C (0.53). Overall correlation between the two dietary tools improved after correction for within‐person variance (from 0.32 to 0.35). When nutrient intakes were categorised into quartiles, the QFFQ and 24‐h recalls indicated relative agreement (same or adjacent quartiles) for 77% for energy and macronutrients, 86% for total sugar and 72% for micronutrients. Bland–Altman plots showed a tendency for increased scatter of the differences at higher intakes.Conclusions:  The QFFQ developed is valid and can be used to assess usual dietary intake and dietary adequacy, determine the contribution of foods to specific nutrient intakes, and identify dietary risk factors for chronic disease amongst Inuvialuit.