bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semi‐analytical model for coupled THM consolidation of saturated clays improved by PVTD considering thermal contraction
Authors: Tian Yi , Jiang Guosheng , Gui Yue , Wen Minjie , Mei Guoxiong , Wu Wenbing , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that saturated normally consolidated and lightly over‐consolidated clays undergo contraction when heated due to a reduction in preconsolidation pressure. A linear constitutive model is proposed to describe the thermal contraction, with this model, governing equations are developed for the coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) consolidation induced by a prefabricated vertical thermo‐drain (PVTD). Corresponding semi‐analytical solutions are derived employing the Laplace transform and validated via comparison with experimental results, existing numerical model, and custom finite element method (FEM) model. Subsequently, comprehensive parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the THM coupling consolidation behaviors of the clays. Outcomes show that aside from surcharge load, generation of excess pore water pressure in soils can also be induced by thermal contraction, difference in thermal expansibility between pore water and soil grains, and thermo‐osmosis, where the influence of thermal contraction on the excess pore water pressure is the most prominent among the three factors.
On the Low‐Pressure Hysteresis (LPH) in Gas Sorption Isotherms of Porous Carbons
Authors: Zelenka Tomáš , Zelená Lucie , Abreu‐Jaureguí Coset , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin , Zelenková Gabriela , Slovák Václav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the origin of low‐pressure hysteresis (LPH) in the adsorption and desorption of three different probe molecules: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon, across various adsorption temperatures (from cryogenic to room temperature), and within five different carbon materials: synthetic carbons (pristine and one post‐synthetically oxidized) and natural coal. Significant attention is dedicated to elucidating LPH in oxidized samples outgassed at various temperatures (120–350 °C). Experimental results show that insufficient outgassing temperature can lead to unreliable data due to artificial LPH and significantly underestimated textural properties, primarily caused by porosity blockage from substances like moisture. Conversely, in samples where heteroatoms have a stabilizing effect on texture, such as natural coal, careful consideration of outgassing temperature is crucial due to the risk of thermal degradation. Other factors contributing to LPH are adsorption temperature, and especially, kinetic limitations at cryogenic temperatures for cellulose‐based carbons. Minor factors responsible for LPH are the physical state of the sample (monolith vs powder) and the flexibility of the porous system, both studied by carbon dioxide sorption. This study constitutes an important piece in the evaluation of LPH, providing practical recommendations and underlining the importance of experimental design, with implications for further research in this complex field.
Effect of Sample Geometry on Graphitization of Polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Hwang Young Woo , Shin Tae Joo , Seo Jae Hong , Kim Min Hyeok , Lee Won Jun , Ruoff Rodney S. , Seong Won Kyung , Lee Sun Hwa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, it is analyzed how sample geometry (spheres, nanofibers, or films) influences the graphitization behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) molecules. The chemical bonding and changes in the composition of these three geometries are studied at the oxidation, carbonization, and graphitization stages via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in situ thermogravimetric‐infrared (TGA‐IR) analysis, elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of molecular alignment on the graphitization of the three sample geometries is investigated using synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of molecular alignment at different draw rates during spinning are explored in detail.
Dual Channel H2O2 Photosynthesis in Pure Water over S‐Scheme Heterojunction Cs3PMo12/CC Boosted by Proton and Electron Reservoirs
Authors: Wei Chong , Zhang Yu , Qu Yunteng , Hua Wenbo , Jia Zixian , Lu Jiangbo , Xie Gang , Xiao Jianming , Hu Huaiming , Yang Ying , Liu Ji‐Quan , Bai Jinbo , Xue Ganglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDual channel photo‐driven H2O2 production in pure water on small‐scale on‐site setups is a promising strategy to provide low‐concentrated H2O2 whenever needed. This process suffers, however, strongly from the fast recombination of photo‐generated charge carriers and the sluggish oxidation process. Here, insoluble Keggin‐type cesium phosphomolybdate Cs3PMo12O40 (abbreviated to Cs3PMo12) is introduced to carbonized cellulose (CC) to construct S‐scheme heterojunction Cs3PMo12/CC. Dual channel H2O2 photosynthesis from both H2O oxidation and O2 reduction in pure water has been thus achieved with the production rate of 20.1 mmol L−1 gcat.−1 h−1, apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 2.1% and solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.050%. H2O2 accumulative concentration reaches 4.9 mmol L−1. This high photocatalytic activity is guaranteed by unique features of Cs3PMo12/CC, namely, S‐scheme heterojunction, electron reservoir, and proton reservoir. The former two enhance the separation of photo‐generated charge carriers, while the latter speeds up the torpid oxidation process. In situ experiments reveal that H2O2 is formed via successive single‐electron transfer in both channels. In real practice, exposing the reaction system under natural sunlight outdoors successfully results in 0.24 mmol L−1 H2O2. This work provides a key practical strategy for designing photocatalysts in modulating redox half‐reactions in photosynthesis.
Subacute cadmium exposure changes different metabolic functions, leading to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus features in female rats
Authors: da Costa Charles S. , de Oliveira Thiago F. , Dos Santos Flavia C. F. , Padilha Alessandra S. , Krause Maiara , Carneiro Maria Tereza W. D. , Miranda‐Alves Leandro , Graceli Jones B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that acts as endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Few studies have investigated the effects of Cd exposure on metabolic dysfunctions, such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Thus, we assessed whether subacute Cd exposure at occupational levels causes abnormalities in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. We administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (100 ppm in drinking water for 30 days) to female rats and evaluated Cd levels in serum and metabolic organs, morphophysiology, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and gene expression. High Cd levels were found in serum, WAT, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Cd‐exposed rats showed low adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress compared to controls. Cd exposure reduced adipocyte size, hyperleptinemia, increased cholesterol levels, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in WAT. Cd‐exposed rats had increased liver cholesterol levels, insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1alpha (PGC1α) expression, karyomegaly, inflammation, and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced insulin levels and pancreatic islet size and increased inflammation and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced skeletal muscle fiber diameter and increased IR expression and inflammation. Finally, strong positive correlations were observed between serum, tissue Cd levels, abnormal morphology, tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, these data suggest that subacute Cd exposure impairs WAT, liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle function, leading to T1DM and T2DM features and other complications in female rats.
Firewalls from wormholes in higher genus
Authors: Zolfi Hamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An old black hole can tunnel into a white hole/firewall by emitting large baby universes. This phenomenon was investigated in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity for genus one. In this paper, the focus is on higher genus corresponding to emitting more than one baby universe (n > 1). The probability of encountering a firewall or tunneling into a white hole after emitting n baby universes is proportional to $$ {e}^{-2 nS(E)}{e}^{4\pi \sqrt{E}\left(n-1\right)}{E}^{2{n}^2-n-9/2}{t}^{4{n}^2-2n-5} $$

e

−
2
nS

E

e

4
π

E

n
−
1

E

2

n
2

−
n
−
9
/
2

t

4

n
2

−
2
n
−
5

, where t is the age of the black hole, and S and E represent the entropy and energy of the black hole, respectively.
Dark matter bound-state formation in the Sun
Authors: Chu Xiaoyong , Garani Raghuveer , García-Cely Camilo , Hambye Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Sun may capture asymmetric dark matter (DM), which can subsequently form bound-states through the radiative emission of a sub-GeV scalar. This process enables generation of scalars without requiring DM annihilation. In addition to DM capture on nucleons, the DM-scalar coupling responsible for bound-state formation also induces capture from self-scatterings of ambient DM particles with DM particles already captured, as well as with DM bound-states formed in-situ within the Sun. This scenario is studied in detail by solving Boltzmann equations numerically and analytically. In particular, we take into consideration that the DM self-capture rates require a treatment beyond the conventional Born approximation. We show that, thanks to DM scatterings on bound-states, the number of DM particles captured increases exponentially, leading to enhanced emission of relativistic scalars through bound-state formation, whose final decay products could be observable. We explore phenomenological signatures with the example that the scalar mediator decays to neutrinos. We find that the neutrino flux emitted can be comparable to atmospheric neutrino fluxes within the range of energies below one hundred MeV. Future facilities like Hyper-K, and direct DM detection experiments can further test such scenario.
Differential association of dietary scores with the risk of type 2 diabetes by metabotype
Authors: Deng Zhongyi , Wawro Nina , Freuer Dennis , Peters Annette , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christine , Breuninger Taylor A. , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while considering the potential effect modification by metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes). Additionally, we aimed to explore the association between dietary scores and prediabetes.

Methods
A total of 1460 participants (11.8% with T2DM) from the cross-sectional population-based KORA FF4 study were included. Participants, classified into three metabotype subgroups, had both their FSAm-NPS dietary index (underpinning the Nutri-Score) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) intake (using NOVA classification) calculated. Glucose tolerance status was assessed via oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in non-diabetic participants and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Logistic regression models were used for both the overall and metabotype-stratified analyses of dietary scores’ association with T2DM, and multinomial probit models for their association with prediabetes.

Results
Participants who had a diet with a higher FSAm-NPS dietary index (i.e., a lower diet quality) or a greater percentage of UPF consumption showed a positive association with T2DM. Stratified analyses demonstrated a strengthened association between UPF consumption and T2DM specifically in the metabolically most unfavorable metabotype (Odds Ratio, OR 1.92; 95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.35, 2.73). A diet with a higher FSAm-NPS dietary index was also positively associated with prediabetes (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04, 1.35).

Conclusion
Our study suggests different associations between poorer diet quality and T2DM across individuals exhibiting diverse metabotypes, pointing to the option for stratified dietary interventions in diabetes prevention.
Gene therapy: principles, challenges and use in clinical practice
Authors: Ay Cihan , Reinisch Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Introduction
Gene therapy is an emerging topic in medicine. The first products have already been licensed in the European Union for the treatment of immune deficiency, spinal muscular atrophy, hemophilia, retinal dystrophy, a rare neurotransmitter disorder and some hematological cancers, while many more are being assessed in preclinical and clinical trials.

Objective
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the core principles of gene therapy along with information on challenges and risks. Benefits, adverse effects and potential risks are illustrated based on the examples of hemophilia and spinal muscular atrophy.

Results
At present, in-vitro and in-vivo gene addition or gene augmentation is the most commonly established type of gene therapy. More recently, more sophisticated and precise approaches such as in situ gene editing have moved into focus. However, all types of gene therapy require long-term observation of treated patients to ensure safety, efficacy, predictability and durability. Important safety concerns include immune reactions to the vector, the foreign DNA or the new protein resulting from gene therapy, and a remaining low cancer risk based on insertional mutagenesis. Ethical and regulatory issues need to be addressed, and new reimbursement models are called for to ease the financial burden that this new treatment poses for the health care system.

Conclusion
Gene therapy holds great promise for considerable improvement or even cure of genetic diseases with serious clinical consequences. However, a number of questions and issues need to be clarified to ensure broad accessibility of safe and efficacious products.
Treatment of fecal incontinence—is there a light in the end of the tunnel?
Authors: Riss Stefan , Dawoud Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common disease with higher incidence rates in the elderly population. Treatment of affected patients remains challenging and ranges from conservative management to surgical techniques. Despite all efforts patients often undergo several therapeutic measurements to achieve reasonable functional improvements.
Although sacral neuromodulation still remains a key therapy with success rates up to 80%, a significant number of patients do not respond sufficiently and require further treatment.
Several artificial bowel sphincter devices exist, which can lead to better functional control in selected patients. Notably, complications after these surgeries do occur frequently and the need for implant replacement is still considerable high.
A novel anal band, developed by Agency for Medical Innovations (A.M.I., Austria) is currently under evaluation. This device, composed of silicone and polyester, is placed around the anus outside the external sphincter muscle complex aiming to improve stool continence via mechanical pressure. Early results of this new operation are eagerly awaited.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing surgical site infection in abdominal surgery between triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures
Authors: Depuydt Martijn , Van Egmond Sarah , Petersen Stine Mette , Muysoms Filip , Henriksen Nadia , Deerenberg Eva 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery and impacts morbidity, mortality and medical costs. This systematic review evaluates whether the use of triclosan-coated sutures for closing the fascia during abdominal surgery reduces the rate of SSI compared to uncoated sutures.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. On February 17, 2024, a literature search was performed in Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on abdominal fascial closure in human adults, comparing triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures, were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Pooled meta-analysis was performed using RevMan.

Results
Out of 1523 records, eleven RCTs were included, with a total of 10,234 patients: 5159 in the triclosan-coated group and 5075 in the uncoated group. The incidence of SSI was statistically significantly lower in the triclosan-coated group (14.8% vs. 17.3%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 (95% CI [0.75, 0.93], p = 0.001). When polydioxanone was evaluated separately (coated N = 3999, uncoated N = 3900), triclosan-coating reduced SSI; 17.5% vs. 20.1%, OR 0.86 (95% CI [0.77; 0.96], p = 0.008). When polyglactin 910 was evaluated (coated N = 1160, uncoated N = 1175), triclosan-coating reduced the incidence of SSI; 5.4% vs. 7.8%, OR 0.67 (95% CI [0.48; 0.94], p = 0.02).

Conclusion
According to the results of this meta-analysis the use of triclosan-coated sutures for fascial closure statistically significantly reduces the incidence of SSI after abdominal surgery with a risk difference of about 2%.
beta-Irradiation of pure 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Lehrhofer Anna F. , Hosoya Takashi , Hettegger Hubert , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids are common cellulose solvents and biomass pretreatment agents, while beta-irradiation (“e-beaming”) is often used to decrease the recalcitrance of biomass towards hydrolysis or saccharification. Aiming at the general goal of elucidating the interaction between lignocellulosics, imidazolium-based ionic liquids, and beta-irradiation, we studied the effect of beta-irradiation on the pure ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, both as chloride and acetate. Contrary to the expectation of inertness, irradiation caused degradation of the ILs, which was proportional to irradiation dosage, i.e., to irradiation time and intensity. At a dosage of 2400 kGy, 0.2% (2000 ppm) of the IL were chemically altered. The main degradation pathway is the formation of imidazole and N-methylimidazole with concomitant dealkylation. The cleaved-off alkyl groups, apparently in cationic form, react with the anions present, accounting for the formation of alkyl chlorides and alkyl acetates from the chloride ILs and acetate ILs, respectively. A second, minor pathway comprises the degradation of the imidazole ring under conversion of the C2-unit from the former C4-C5 moiety into ethylenediamine and reaction of the C1-unit from the former C2 with the IL anions. Because of the non-neglible byproduct formation, the degradation of the ILs upon beta-irradiation and possible side reactions of the resulting byproducts need to be kept in mind for all setups that involve beta-irradiation and imidazolium ILs simultaneously.
Graphical abstract
Beta-irradiation of biomass in the presence of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ionic liquids. Identification of an unexpected product from a model compound reaction
Authors: Lehrhofer Anna F. , Bacher Markus , Hettegger Hubert , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA combination of swelling in imidazolium ionic liquids and beta-irradiation – both common pretreatments in biomass processing on their own – leads to unexpected effects, with beta-irradiation causing degradation of the pure ionic liquid and also modification of cellulose suspended in the ionic liquid. The underlying chemistry was investigated in a series of model compound experiments. Here, we report that beta-irradiation of the ionic liquid EMIM-OAc containing equimolar amounts of benzaldehyde and d-glucose affords an unexpected condensation product C17H20O7, of which the structure was elucidated as 5-[(1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]-2-phenyl-3-furoic acid, applying a combination of analytical techniques, mainly NMR spectroscopy, after conversion into the ethyl ester derivative for purification. No reaction at all occurred without beta-irradiation under otherwise identical conditions. Intriguingly, the acetate – the IL´s anion – was incorporated into the condensation product, which can formally be regarded as the condensation product of benzoylacetic acid (from benzaldehyde and the IL´s acetate) and d-glucose. The reaction occurred only when all three components – acetate-type IL, glucose and PhCHO – were irradiated simultaneously. The structure elucidation of the compound is presented, along with a discussion of possible formation mechanisms. Future experiments need to address the generality of the reaction for conversion of other aldehydes and aldoses, and the question of whether a similar process occurs with the reducing end of celluloses or other polysaccharides.
Graphical Abstract
Epi-revolution in rheumatology: the potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors for targeted rheumatoid arthritis intervention
Authors: Pai Padmini , Vijeev Aradhika , Phadke Sharada , Shetty Manasa Gangadhar , Sundara Babitha Kampa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutoimmune diseases hold significant importance in the realm of medical research, prompting a thorough exploration of potential therapeutic interventions. One crucial aspect of this exploration involves understanding the intricate processes of histone acetylation and deacetylation. Histone acetylation, facilitated by histone acetyl transferases (HATs), is instrumental in rendering DNA transcriptionally active. Conversely, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are responsible for the removal of acetyl groups, influencing gene expression regulation. The upregulation of HDACs, observed in various cancers, has steered attention towards histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as promising anti-cancer agents. Beyond cancer, HDACi has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, prompting interest in their potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA, characterized by the immune system erroneously attacking healthy cells, leads to joint inflammation. Recent studies suggest that HDACi could offer a viable therapeutic strategy for RA, with potential mechanisms including the inhibition of synovial tissue growth and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, HDACi may exert protective effects on bone and cartilage, common targets in RA pathology. In-depth investigations through in vivo and histopathology studies contribute to the ongoing discourse on the therapeutic benefits of HDACis in the context of RA treatment.
Graphical Abstract