bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Partitioning of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Benthic, Estuarine Sediment Profiles
Authors: Burton Edward D. , Phillips Ian R. , Hawker Darryl W. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe geochemical partitioning of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) was examined in benthic sediment profiles (0‐ to 20‐cm depth interval) composed of relatively coarse (65–90% sand‐sized particles), noncohesive, suboxic material (Eh +120 to +260 mV). Total Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 194, 16.3 to 74.8, and 30.1 to 220 mg/kg, respectively, and were related to vertical trends in sediment texture. The observed distribution coefficients describing solid–solution partitioning were in the range of 100 to 1000 L/kg. The geochemical partitioning of solid‐phase Cu, Pb, and Zn between six operationally defined fractions was examined with a sequential extraction scheme. The association of Cu, Pb, and Zn with amorphous oxides, crystalline oxides, and organic matter was linearly dependent on the abundance of each respective phase. For retention by amorphous oxide minerals, the observed stoichiometry ranged from 5.2 to 23.7 mg/g for Cu, 12.8 to 21.5 mg/g for Pb, and 23.1 to 85.7 mg/g for Zn. Corresponding values for association with crystalline oxides were an order of magnitude less than those for amorphous oxides, indicating a lesser affinity of trace metals for crystalline oxides. The stoichiometric relationships describing association with organic matter ranged from 17.6 to 54.0 mg/g for Cu, 6.1 to 9.6 mg/g for Pb, and 6.4 to 16.4 mg/g for Zn. The results from this study provide an insight into processes controlling trace metal partitioning in coarse‐textured, suboxic, estuarine sediments.
Surface Biosolids Application: Effects on Infiltration, Erosion, and Soil Organic Carbon in Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands and Shrublands
Authors: Moffet C. A. , Zartman R. E. , Wester D. B. , Sosebee R. E. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTLand application of biosolids is a beneficial‐use practice whose ecological effects depend in part on hydrological effects. Biosolids were surface‐applied to square 0.5‐m2plots at four rates (0, 7, 34, and 90 dry Mg ha−1) on each of three soil–cover combinations in Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland. Infiltration and erosion were measured during two seasons for three biosolids post‐application ages. Infiltration was measured during eight periods of a 30‐min simulated rain. Biosolids application affected infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, and erosion. Infiltration increased with increasing biosolids application rate. Application of biosolids at 90 dry Mg ha−1increased steady‐state infiltration rate by 1.9 to 7.9 cm h−1Most of the measured differences in runoff among biosolids application rates were too large to be the result of interception losses and/or increased hydraulic gradient due to increased roughness. Soil erosion was reduced by the application of biosolids; however, the extent of reduction in erosion depended on the initial erodibility of the site. Typically, the greatest marginal reductions in erosion were achieved at the lower biosolids application rates (7 and 34 dry Mg ha−1); the difference in erosion between 34 and 90 dry Mg ha−1biosolids application rates was not significant. Surface application of biosolids has important hydrological consequences on runoff and soil erosion in desert grasslands that depend on the rate of biosolids applied, and the site and biosolids characteristics.
Predicting Runoff and Associated Nitrogen Losses from Turfgrass using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM)
Authors: Schwartz Liliana , Shuman Larry M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTNitrogen fertilizers are used to maintain optimum turfgrass quality, but off‐site movement of this primary nutrient can affect water quality. We conducted a 4‐yr study (1998–2001) designed to measure nitrate N runoff from turfgrass, gathering data to be used in the model. The process‐based Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was used to predict nitrate associated with runoff from turfgrass. The measurements were made on 12 sloped (5%), 25‐m2 plots of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], managed as golf course fairways and exposed to natural and simulated rainfall. Surface runoff volume and nitrate N loads were monitored after applying simulated rainfall at an average intensity of 27.4 mm h−1 The irrigation occurred (25 or 50 mm) 4 through 168 h after treatment with various rates of N fertilizers for 1998–2001. RZWQM adequately simulated water runoff volumes (<19%; nonsignificant, paired t test) in the first three (normal or wet) years, but overpredicted (70%) in the fourth, dry year. RZWQM overpredicted nitrate N loads by a factor of 1.3 for the first three years (nonsignificant), and by a factor of almost 6 for the fourth year (highly significant). These overpredictions occurred when the runoff volumes and N loads were very small. The research has shown that refinements to RZWQM are needed for turfgrass management applications.
Tillage and Crop Residue Effects on Soil Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Corn–Soybean Rotations
Authors: Al‐Kaisi Mahdi M. , Yin Xinhua 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSoil C change and CO2 emission due to different tillage systems need to be evaluated to encourage the adoption of conservation practices to sustain soil productivity and protect the environment. We hypothesize that soil C storage and CO2 emission respond to conservation tillage differently from conventional tillage because of their differential effects on soil properties. This study was conducted from 1998 through 2001 to evaluate tillage effects on soil C storage and CO2 emission in Clarion–Nicollet–Webster soil association in a corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Treatments included no‐tillage with and without residue, strip‐tillage, deep rip, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. No‐tillage with residue and strip‐tillage significantly increased total soil organic C (TC) and mineral fraction C (MFC) at the 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 10‐cm soil depths compared with chisel plow after 3 yr of tillage practices. Soil CO2 emission was lower for less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after tillage operations. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was 19 to 41% lower for less intensive tillage treatments than moldboard plow, and it was 24% less for no‐tillage with residue than without residue during the 480‐h measurement period. Estimated soil mineralizable C pool was reduced by 22 to 66% with less intensive tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow. Adopting less intensive tillage systems such as no‐tillage, strip‐tillage, deep rip, and chisel plow and better crop residue cover are effective in reducing CO2 emission and thus improving soil C sequestration in a corn–soybean rotation.
Removal of Selenate from Water by Zerovalent Iron
Authors: Zhang Yiqiang , Wang Juanfang , Amrhein Chris , Frankenberger William T. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTZerovalent iron (ZVI) has been widely used in the removal of environmental contaminants from water. In this study, ZVI was used to remove selenate [Se(VI)] at a level of 1000 μg L−1 in the presence of varying concentrations of Cl−, SO2−4, NO−3, HCO−3, and PO3−4 Results showed that Se(VI) was rapidly removed during the corrosion of ZVI to iron oxyhydroxides (FeOH). During the 16 h of the experiments, 100 and 56% of the added Se(VI) was removed in 10 mM Cl− and SO2−4 solutions under a closed contained system, respectively. Under an open condition, 100 and 93% of the added Se(VI) were removed in the Cl− and SO2−4 solutions, respectively. Analysis of Se species in ZVI–FeOH revealed that selenite [Se(IV)] and nonextractable Se increased during the first 2 to 4 h of reaction, with a decrease of Se(VI) in the Cl− experiment and no detection of Se(VI) in the SO2−4 experiment. Two mechanisms can be attributed to the rapid removal of Se(VI) from the solutions. One is the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV), followed by rapid adsorption of Se(IV) to FeOH The other is the adsorption of Se(VI) directly to FeOH, followed by its reduction to Se(IV). The results also show that there was little effect on Se(VI) removal in the presence of Cl− (5, 50, and 100 mM), NO−3 (1, 5, and 10 mM), SO2−4 (5 mM), HCO−3 (1 and 5 mM), or PO3−4 (1 mM) and only a slight effect in the presence of SO2−4 (50 and 100 mM), HCO−3 (10 mM), and PO3−4 (5 mM) during a 2‐d experiment, whereas 10 mM PO3−4 significantly inhibited Se(VI) removal. This work suggests that ZVI may be an effective agent to remove Se from Se‐contaminated agricultural drainage water.
Interactions of Organic Compounds with Wastewater Dissolved Organic Matter: Role of Hydrophobic Fractions
Authors: Ilani Talli , Schulz Elke , Chefetz Benny 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe role of structural fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from wastewater in the sorption process of hydrophobic organic compounds is still not clear. In this study, DOM from two wastewater treatment plants (Lachish and Netanya, Israel) was fractionated to hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophobic neutral (HoN) fractions. The fractions were characterized and their sorptive capabilities for s‐triazine herbicides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. For all sorbates, the binding to the HoN fractions was much higher than to HoA fractions. The HoA fractions were more polar than the HoN fractions, containing a higher level of carboxylic functionalities. However the higher binding coefficients of atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamine‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine) and ametryn [2‐(ethylamino)‐4‐isopropylamino‐6‐methyl‐thio‐s‐triazine] obtained for the HoN fractions suggest that their sorption is governed by hydrophobic‐like interactions rather than H bonding. The values of binding coefficients of PAHs measured for the HoN fractions were within the range reported for humic acids and much higher than other fractions, suggesting that this fraction plays an important role in the overall sorption of these compounds by DOM. Higher sorption coefficients were measured for the Netanya DOM sample containing higher level of hydrophobic fractions (HoA + HoN) than the Lachish DOM, suggesting that the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds by DOM is governed by the level of these structural substances. The evaluation of mobility of organic pollutants by wastewater irrigation requires not only assessment of the total carbon concentration but also, more importantly, the content of the hydrophobic fractions.
Phosphorus in Fresh and Dry Dung of Grazing Dairy Cattle, Deer, and Sheep
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Stewart I. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTKnowledge of phosphorus (P) fractions in dung of animals (dairy cattle, deer, sheep) grazing pasture is important for soil fertility and the potential for P transport in runoff and subsequent surface water quality deterioration. We used sequential fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine P forms in fresh and air‐dried (to simulate field conditions during grazing) dung. Sheep dung was richest in P (8 g kg−1), and cattle dung poorest (5.5 g kg−1). Data for sequential fractionation indicated that most P was extractable by water (15–36%) and bicarbonate (36–45%) in fresh dung, and shifted toward recalcitrant, HCl (12–28%), and residual P forms (15–31%) with drying. Organic P concentration in dung was poor (maximum of 15% of total P), probably due to the poor concentration of phytate in pasture. The 31P NMR spectra of NaOH‐EDTA extracts supported this by detecting a low concentration of monoesters (9–19% of total P in extracts), of which phytate is a major component. The 31P NMR data also showed that changes in organic P concentration with drying could be due to the degradation of diesters. Data indicate the decreasing bioavailability of dairy cattle, deer, and sheep dung with drying and the need to consider this effect with respect to P returns for soil fertility and the potential for runoff.
Simulating Solute Transport in a Structured Field Soil: Uncertainty in Parameter Identification and Predictions
Authors: Larsbo Mats , Jarvis Nicholas 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTDual‐permeability models have been developed to account for the significant effects of macropore flow on contaminant transport, but their use is hampered by difficulties in estimating the additional parameters required. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate data requirements for parameter identification for predictive modeling with the dual‐permeability model MACRO. Two different approaches were compared: sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI) and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). We investigated six parameters controlling macropore flow and pesticide sorption and degradation, applying MACRO to a comprehensive field data set of bromide andbentazone [3‐isopropyl‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one‐2,2dioxide] transport in a structured soil. The GLUE analyses of parameter conditioning for different combinations of observations showed that both resident and flux concentrations were needed to obtain highly conditioned and unbiased parameters and that observations of tracer transport generally improved the conditioning of macropore flow parameters. The GLUE “behavioral” parameter sets covered wider parameter ranges than the SUFI posterior uncertainty domains. Nevertheless, estimation uncertainty ranges defined by the 5th and 95th percentiles were similar and many simulations randomly sampled from the SUFI posterior uncertainty domains had negative model efficiencies (minimum of −3.2). This is because parameter correlations are neglected in SUFI and the posterior uncertainty domains were not always determined correctly. For the same reasons, uncertainty ranges for predictions of bentazone losses through drainflow for good agricultural practice in southern Sweden were 27% larger for SUFI compared with GLUE. Although SUFI proved to be an efficient parameter estimation tool, GLUE seems better suited as a method of uncertainty estimation for predictions.
Cattle Feedlot Soil Moisture and Manure Content: I. Impacts on Greenhouse Gases, Odor Compounds, Nitrogen Losses, and Dust
Authors: Miller Daniel N. , Berry Elaine D. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBeef cattle feedlots face serious environmental challenges associated with manure management, including greenhouse gas, odor, NH3, and dust emissions. Conditions affecting emissions are poorly characterized, but likely relate to the variability of feedlot surface moisture and manure contents, which affect microbial processes. Odor compounds, greenhouse gases, nitrogen losses, and dust potential were monitored at six moisture contents (0.11, 0.25, 0.43, 0.67, 1.00, and 1.50 g H2O g−1dry matter [DM]) in three artificial feedlot soil mixtures containing 50, 250, and 750 g manure kg−1total (manure + soil) DM over a two‐week period. Moisture addition produced three microbial metabolisms: inactive, aerobic, and fermentative at low, moderate, and high moisture, respectively. Manure content acted to modulate the effect of moisture and enhanced some microbial processes. Greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O, and CH4) emissions were dynamic at moderate to high moisture. Malodorous volatile fatty acid (VFA) compounds did not accumulate in any treatments, but their persistence and volatility varied depending on pH and aerobic metabolism. Starch was the dominant substrate fueling both aerobic and fermentative metabolism. Nitrogen losses were observed in all metabolically active treatments; however, there was evidence for limited microbial nitrogen uptake. Finally, potential dust production was observed below defined moisture thresholds, which were related to manure content of the soil. Managing feedlot surface moisture within a narrow moisture range (0.2–0.4 g H2O g−1DM) and minimizing the accumulation of manure produced the optimum conditions that minimized the environmental impact from cattle feedlot production.
Cattle Feedlot Soil Moisture and Manure Content: II. Impact on Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Berry Elaine D. , Miller Daniel N. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe moisture and manure contents of soils at cattle feedlot surfaces vary spatiotemporally and likely are important factors in the persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in these soils. The impacts of water content (0.11–1.50 g H2O g−1 dry feedlot surface material [FSM]) and manure level (5, 25, and 75% dry manure in dry FSM) on E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot soils were evaluated. Generally, E. coli O157:H7 numbers either persisted or increased at all but the lowest moisture levels examined. Manure content modulated the effect of water on E. coli growth; for example, at water content of 0.43 g H2O g−1 dry FSM and 25% manure, E. coli O157:H7 increased by 2 log10 colony forming units (CFU) g−1 dry FSM in 3 d, while at 0.43 g H2O g−1 dry FSM and 75% manure, populations remained stable over 14 d. Escherichia coli and coliform populations responded similarly. In a second study, the impacts of cycling moisture levels and different drying rates on naturally occurring E. coli O157 in feedlot soils were examined. Low initial levels of E. coli O157 were reduced to below enumerable levels by 21 d, but indigenous E. coli populations persisted at >2.50 log10 CFU g−1 dry FSM up to 133 d. We conclude that E. coli O157 can persist and may even grow in feedlot soils, over a wide range of water and manure contents. Further investigations are needed to determine if these variables can be manipulated to reduce this pathogen in cattle and the feedlot environment.
Le partage du croire religieux dans des sociétés d'individus
Authors: Hervieu-Léger Danièle 
Published: June 2010

Résumé La description sociologique du paysage contemporain des croyances religieuses met fortement l’accent sur le processus global d’individualisation qui conduit chaque sujet à fabriquer lui-même le petit récit qui donne sens à son expérience personnelle. Poussé à la limite, une telle tendance pourrait suggérer une atomisation individualiste généralisée des croyances et donc la dislocation — voire la disparition — de toute forme de croire partagé au sein d’une communauté. Cependant, un certain nombre de facteurs, sociaux, culturels et psychologiques, contribuent à limiter ce mouvement et favorisent au contraire un renforcement des attachements communautaires. Cet article propose une analyse de ce paradoxe et explore les formes contemporaines du partage religieux des croyances.
L'ombilic du rêve
Authors: Tricot Monique 
Published: June 2010

Si Freud conseille de pousser l’analyse du rêve aussi loin qu’il est possible, ce possible rencontre à chaque fois un point d’inconnu, d’impossible, qu’il désigne comme « l’ombilic du rêve ». Le rêve d’Irma, encore lui, est l’occasion de cette trouvaille qu’il nous a léguée dans la Traumdeutung . Penser le rêve comme articulé autour de ce « nœud-trou » change la perspective de son interprétation ; il s’agit moins alors d’en déchiffrer le sens que de le penser comme un espace d’écriture où se conjoignent la naissance du symbolique et l’origine du désir.
De l'infans à l'enfant, qu'en est-il des rêves infantiles ?
Authors: Leverrier Michel 
Published: June 2010

De la Chose, « das Ding » , à l’Autre maternel, à partir du « coup de force symbolique » de la mère transitiviste, avec la mise en place de deux grands Autres (de la mère et de l’enfant, en référence à la fonction paternelle), l’infans, passant de l’infantile à l’enfant, pourra advenir au rêve et en parler. Les troubles précoces mère-enfant, autismes et psychoses infantiles, interrogent l’impasse de ce processus et de la métaphorisation. Les rêves de jeunes enfants proposés par S. Freud peuvent être éclairés par le jeu de la métaphore et de la métonymie négociant la jouissance de l’Autre et celle du sujet du rêve.
Quand un recours fait retour : trajet d'une lettre
Authors: Carpentier Anne 
Published: June 2010

Dans ce qui rate, dans ce qui chute, qu’est-ce qui se dit de la vérité inconsciente d’un sujet ? Comment le réel fait-il retour par l’acte manqué et convoque ainsi le sujet avec les signifiants refoulés de son histoire ? Ce qui se répète inlassablement suivant l’automaton , c’est ce qui, faute de n’avoir pas été reconnu, insiste. La cure analytique est essentiellement un travail de lecture et de déchiffrage de la lettre. Produisant un arrêt sur image acoustique, la coupure de l’analyste introduit cette pulsation d’ouverture/fermeture d’où s’échappe l’inédit au cœur d’un même signifiant, favorisant l’émergence d’un savoir nouveau qui transforme le rapport de l’analysant à sa vérité.
Présentation. Les poèmes au cœur de l'enseignement du français
Authors: Martin Serge 
Published: June 2010

Ce numéro vient faire le point dans les bouleversements programmatiques en cours après qu’on a donné toute sa place à la poésie dans l’enseignement lors de la rénovation de l’enseignement du français et aux commencements de la revue Le Français aujourd’hui – ce qui a toujours justifié la présence d’une chronique poésie initiée par Georges Jean et a permis un ouvrage souvent cité ( Aimer enseigner la poésie ) – puis dans un numéro datant maintenant de 1996 qui titrait « Il y a poésie & poésie ». Il propose des pistes nouvelles de l’école maternelle à l’université pour problématiser et mettre en œuvre la poésie à l’École dans et par le présent des poèmes.
Ce que les élèves au cycle 2 vivent et pensent avec la poésie intéresse-t-il la poétique autant que la didactique ?
Authors: Favriaud Michel , Vinsonneau Maryline 
Published: June 2010

Par une approche créative étayée, en diction ou en écriture, les 6-7 ans non seulement commencent à s’approprier la poésie la plus moderne mais construisent une image de soi dans la langue de plus en plus ouverte à l’altérité et de plus en plus encline à la réflexivité. En retour ils nous suggèrent que la poésie a probablement un rapport avec l’identité toujours en construction de l’énonciateur ou du réénonciateur, avec son identité mouvante d’apprenti lecteur et avec une forme d’imagination pré-narrative, qui fait déjà syntaxe et rythme.
L'incertitude sur les compétences managériales et l'usage des conventions dans l'embauche : une approche conventionnaliste des processus de décision
Authors: Morin Marc 
Published: June 2010

Résumé Les décisions d’embauche des cadres et managers sont-elles toujours économiquement rationnelles ? L’hypothèse de l’article est que, à des degrés divers, elles relèvent de conventions sociales qui sont encastrées dans les raisons économiques et fonctionnelles. La méthodologie de l’article est fondée sur plusieurs recherches en gestion des ressources humaines, qui étudient les compétences nécessaires pour exercer le métier de manager, et les phénomènes d’incertitude liés à l’acte d’embauche. Elle utilise les concepts du programme conventionnaliste en économie et gestion. Les conventions sociales et morales, qui conditionnent l’embauche des managers, correspondent au pays et à la configuration d’institutions qui le caractérise.
Trajectoires contrastées de développement local : Sicile et Nord-Est italien
Authors: Champeyrache Clotilde 
Published: June 2010

Le point de départ de cet article est l’analyse comparative de deux trajectoires italiennes de développement local : celles du Nord-Est et de la Sicile. Les processus de développement local apparus dans le Nord-Est et en Sicile peuvent être relus comme une réponse à une situation de marginalisation par rapport à l’économie nationale dans la mesure où ces deux territoires sont mal intégrés. L’objectif est de se pencher sur ces trajectoires afin d’en préciser les mécanismes, les similitudes mais aussi les divergences. Il s’agit aussi de voir si le développement local permet de résoudre cette situation de marginalisation.