bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Regulation and Fearfulness as Predictors of Young Children's Empathy‐related Reactions
Authors: Liew Jeffrey , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eggum Natalie D. , Haugen R.G. , Kupfer Anne , Reiser Mark R. , Smith Cynthia L. , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Baham Melinda E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIndices of physiological regulation (i.e., resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and RSA suppression) and observed fearfulness were tested as predictors of empathy‐related reactions to an unfamiliar person's simulated distress within and across 18 (T1, N = 247) and 30 (T2, N = 216) months of age. Controlling for T1 helping, high RSA suppression and low fearfulness at T1 predicted T2 helping. In a structural model, empathic concern was marginally positively related to resting RSA at both assessments whereas personal distress was related to RSA suppression within time (marginally positively at T1 and significantly negatively at T2). Fearfulness was associated with self‐oriented, distress‐related reactions within time. Comfort seeking (an index of personal distress) declined in mean level with age whereas helping increased, and both behaviors exhibited differential continuity (as did resting RSA). Individual, as well as developmental, differences in the types of reactions that young children exhibit when witnessing others' suffering and distress were discussed.
Effect of simplification from protease inhibitors to boosted atazanavir‐based regimens in real‐life conditions
Authors: Rubio R , Serrano O , Carmena J , Asensi V , Echevarría S , Flores J , Ribera E , Zarraga M , Ocampo A , De La Fuente B , Sepúlveda MA , Mariño AI , Minguez C , Vicent R , Cartón JA , Moyano B , Esteban H , Mahillo B , Serrano L , González‐García J ,   for the GESIDA 44/04 SIMPATAZ study group
Published: March 2010

BackgroundAtazanavir (ATV) boosted with ritonavir (ATV/r) is a potent, well‐tolerated, once‐daily protease inhibitor (PI). Few data are available on this agent as a treatment simplification option for patients taking other PIs.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of ATV‐containing regimens in patients who have simplified their antiretroviral treatment.MethodsSIMPATAZ was a multicentre, prospective, noninterventional study in patients who had undetectable HIV RNA on their current PI‐containing therapy and who were switched to an ATV/r‐based regimen. Patients underwent a routine physical examination, and data were collected on HIV RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, liver function, lipid parameters, adverse reactions, adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 183 patients were enrolled in the study and included in the analysis (80% were male, 29% had AIDS, and 52% were coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus). The median baseline CD4 count was 514 cells/μL. Median exposure to previous HIV therapy was 8 years, and 32% of patients had a history of PI failures. Lopinavir boosted with ritonavir was the most frequent PI replaced (62%) and tenofovir+lamivudine /emtricitabine the backbone most used during the study (29%). The study drug was discontinued early by 25 patients (14%), two of whom discontinued as a result of adverse events (Hodgkin lymphoma and vomiting). Two patients died (lung cancer and myocardial infarction). At month 12, 93% of the study population had an undetectable HIV RNA viral load. Hyperbilirubinaemia >3 mg/dL and increased alanine aminotransferase levels>200 IU/L were observed in 38.5% and 4.4% of patients, respectively. Median changes from baseline to month 12 in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were −13 mg/dL (−7%; P<0.0001), −19 mg/dL (−13%; P<0.0001) and −7 mg/dL (−6%; P=0.021), respectively.ConclusionsIn a real‐world setting, switching from other PIs to ATV/r is a well‐tolerated and safe option for improving the lipid profile and for retaining virological response in controlled pretreated patients.
International consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit) – part I: upper facial wrinkles
Authors: Ascher B , Talarico S , Cassuto D , Escobar S , Hexsel D , Jaén P , Monheit GD , Rzany B , Viel M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Azzalure (Galderma SA) is a newly approved European botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A). It is derived from Dysport (Ipsen Pharma), which has a long history of usages in various applications. Azzalure and Dysport are collectively referred to as BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit) and are different from other BoNT‐A preparations.Objective  To provide consensus recommendations on the treatment of upper face wrinkles with BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit).Methods  The members of the International Board on Botulinum toxin Azzalure (IBBA) convened to develop consensus on the treatment of upper facial wrinkles based on their own extensive experience.Results  The consensus recommendations address the general issues regarding treatment and provide specific guidelines on the anatomy, injection points, dose, injection technique and safety precautions concerning each common upper face indication. The recommended final concentration of BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit) is 200 s.U/mL (10 s.U/0.05 mL) after reconstitution. For glabellar lines, the members recommend a total of five injection points with 10 s.U/point. For forehead wrinkles, the members recommend four to six injections into the frontalis with 5–10 s.U/point. For crow’s feet, the members recommend three injections per side with 5–10 s.U/point at the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi. For lateral eyebrow lift, the members recommend one point at each eyebrow tail and an additional one in each side of the frontalis with 5–10 s.U/point.Conclusion  This guideline provides a framework for physicians who wish to perform safe and efficacious injection of BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit).
Allergy is not the main trigger of urticaria in children referred to the emergency room
Authors: Ricci G , Giannetti A , Belotti T , Dondi A , Bendandi B , Cipriani F , Masi M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Urticaria is the disease that has the highest impact on quality of life and requires the most visits to the emergency room.Objective  To investigate the clinical presentation of acute urticaria in children referred to the paediatric emergency room of our hospital and to define possible related aetiologies.Methods  We included 814 children consecutively referred to the emergency room between January 2006 and December 2007 with a diagnosis of acute urticaria, isolated or associated with other clinical symptoms.Results  Only 2.0% of the cases studied were associated with severe clinical pictures. In 437 cases (53.7%), the cause of urticaria was not determined. The infections of the respiratory tract were the most frequently suspected aetiological factor. The diagnosis of allergic urticaria is more defined, but belongs to a minority group (10.8%). The first level treatment includes the use of non‐sedating oral H1‐antihistamine.Conclusion  The children with urticaria are frequently referred to the paediatric emergency room, but only in a few cases were associated with severe clinical manifestations or allergy. The evidence of an inverse relationship between the number of accesses and the patients' age may be explained by the higher prevalence of this disease in early childhood and possibly also by a higher concern of the parents of the younger patients.
Nestin expression in stromal cells of trichoblastoma and basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Misago N , Mori T , Narisawa Y 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Both trichoblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are considered to be a benign and malignant neoplasm of follicular germinative cells respectively. A recent investigation revealed that the mesenchymal cells in the perifollicular sheath and evolving follicular papilla of embryonic hair germs and those cells in hair follicles in early anagen express nestin.Objective  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether trichoblastoma and BCC recapitulate the epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in embryonic hair germs or early anagen hair follicles by expressing nestin in stromal cells.Methods  Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibody against nestin for 15 trichoblastomas including large/small nodular, retiform and trichoepithelioma types, while adding the superficial type associated with nevus sebaceous and for 20 BCCs including superficial, nodular, nodulo‐infiltrative, and infiltrative/micronodular types.Results  In all 15 trichoblastomas, the stromal cells expressed nestin with variable positive reactions, except for superficial trichoblastomas within nevus sebaceous lesions, in which stromal cells were constantly positive for nestin. In all 20 BCCs, the stromal cells were basically negative for nestin.Conclusions The development of trichoblastomas incompletely recapitulates the epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in embryonic hair germs or early anagen hair follicles, whereas BCCs fundamentally have lost this ability. Among the various types of trichoblastomas, the superficial type associated with nevus sebaceous was found to have the most similar character to either embryonic hair germs or early anagen hair follicles.
Human leucocyte antigen class I and class II antigen expression in malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is significantly downregulated
Authors: Meissner M , König V , Hrgovic I , Valesky E , Kaufmann R 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Abnormalities in the expression of human leucocyte antigens (HLA) by tumour cells impair cellular immune responses promoting immune evasion and tumour survival. To date, studies analysing HLA class I and class II expression levels in malignant fibrous histiocytomas, fibrosarcomas and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans are limited.Aims  Therefore, we investigated the in vivo expression profile of HLA class I and class II antigens in 99 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 20 fibrosarcomas and 34 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans from different anatomical sites.Material and methods  Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I and class II antigens was used to define the expression levels of these antigens on respective tumour samples.Results  Frequent loss or downregulation of HLA class I and class II expression in malignant fibrous tumours was observed for the different types of tumours examined.Discussion  The data presented suggest for the first time a high frequency of HLA class I and class II abnormalities in malignant fibrous histiocytomas, fibrosarcomas and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in vivo.Conclusion  This information might be useful in the practical and clinical design of tumour vaccination strategies.
Age‐dependent histoarchitectural changes in human lymph nodes: an underestimated process with clinical relevance?
Authors: Hadamitzky Catarina , Spohr Hendrik , Debertin Anette S. , Guddat Saskia , Tsokos Michael , Pabst Reinhard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExperimental evidence indicates that lymph nodes in humans undergo alterations during ageing. This is clinically important because of the crucial role of these organs in the immune system and their lymph reabsorption and drainage function. Although some age‐related changes in lymph node histoarchitecture have been described, they are seldom taken into account in traditional depictions of lymph nodes. Recently introduced clinical procedures, such as intranodal vaccination or lymph node transplantation, have demonstrated the need for an accurate knowledge of these degenerative processes. In this study, superficial inguinal lymph nodes were obtained from 41 deceased patients between 17 and 98 years old. To minimize immunological influences, such as chronic diseases, specimens were only obtained from forensic pathology autopsies. An immunohistochemical analysis was carried out, on the basis of which lymph node degeneration was scored according to the numbers of lymphocytes and high endothelial venules, and degree of fibrosis and lipomatosis. We observed an age‐dependent tendency towards the replacement of areas populated with diverse immune cells by connective tissue. Paradoxically, these changes were also detected in some of the nodes from younger age groups. In conclusion, lymph nodes can display degenerative changes that are mainly age‐related and often diverge from the common description found in textbooks. These alterations should be taken into account when dealing with lymph nodes diagnostically and therapeutically in clinical practice.
The structure and mechanical properties of collecting lymphatic vessels: an investigation using multimodal nonlinear microscopy
Authors: Arkill Kenton P. , Moger Julian , Winlove C. Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study employed nonlinear microscopy on fresh, unstained and unfixed collecting lymphatic vessels to determine the wall structure and its relationships to the mechanical properties of the tissue. Fresh bovine mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels were mounted in a vessel bath and imaged under different luminal pressures (0–30 cmH2O pressure head), and longitudinal tensions. The entire wall thickness was imaged, using two‐photon fluorescence to visualize elastin, second harmonic generation to image the collagen, and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering to image the cell membrane. The adventitial fat cells were coupled to the wall within the elastin‐rich network of fibres. The medial smooth muscle cells were too densely packed to resolve the boundaries of individual cells in en face images, but in tissue sections their appearance was consistent with electron microscopic data. Two distinct populations of collagen fibre were revealed. Large fibre (15–25 μm diameter) bundles were present in the inner media and small fibres (2–5 μm diameter) were distributed throughout the wall. The responses to longitudinal tension and luminal pressure indicated that the larger fibres resist the longitudinal strain and the smaller oppose pressure forces. Individual elastin fibres were of uniform thickness (1–3 μm) and interwove amongst themselves and between the collagen fibres. The network was probably too sparse directly to support mechanical loads and we speculate that its main function is to maintain the organization of collagen bundles during recovery from contraction.
Electron microscopic immunogold localization of statherin in human minor salivary glands
Authors: Isola Michela , Cossu Margherita , Massa Denise , Casti Alberto , Solinas Paola , Lantini Maria Serenella 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, which supplements a recent article on the localization of statherin in human major salivary glands, we investigated the intracellular distribution of this peptide in minor salivary glands by immunogold cytochemistry at the electron microscopy level. In the lingual serous glands of von Ebner, gold particles were found in serous granules of all secreting cells, indicating that statherin is released through granule exocytosis. In buccal and labial glands, mostly composed of mucous tubuli, statherin reactivity was detected in the serous element, which represents only a small population of the glandular parenchyma. In these serous cells, however, statherin labeling was absent in secretory granules and restricted to small cytoplasmic vesicles near or partially fused with granules. Vesicle labeling could be related to the occurrence of an alternative secretory pathway for statherin in buccal and labial glands.
Muscle–tendon structure and dimensions in adults and children
Authors: O’Brien Thomas D. , Reeves Neil D. , Baltzopoulos Vasilios , Jones David A. , Maganaris Constantinos N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMuscle performance is closely related to the architecture and dimensions of the muscle–tendon unit and the effect of maturation on these architectural characteristics in humans is currently unknown. This study determined whether there are differences in musculo‐tendinous architecture between adults and children of both sexes. Fascicle length and pennation angle were measured from ultrasound images at three sites along the length of the vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastis medialis and rectus femoris muscles. Muscle volume and muscle–tendon length were measured from magnetic resonance images. Muscle physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) was calculated as the ratio of muscle volume to optimum fascicle length. Fascicle length was greater in the adult groups than in children (P < 0.05) but pennation angle did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). The ratios between fascicle and muscle length and between fascicle and tendon length were not different (P > 0.05) between adults and children for any quadriceps muscle. Quadriceps volume and PCSA of each muscle were greater in adults than children (P < 0.01) but the relative proportion of each head to the total quadriceps volume was similar in all groups. However, the difference in PCSA between adults and children (men ∼ 104% greater than boys, women ∼ 57% greater than girls) was greater (P < 0.05) than the difference in fascicle length (men ∼ 37% greater than boys, women ∼ 10% greater than girls). It is concluded that the fascicle, muscle and tendon lengthen proportionally during maturation, thus the muscle–tendon stiffness and excursion range are likely to be similar in children and adults but the relatively greater increase in PCSA than fascicle length indicates that adult muscles are better designed for force production than children’s muscles.
Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases
Authors: Casteleyn Christophe , Trachet Bram , Van Loo Denis , Devos Daniel G. H. , Van den Broeck Wim , Simoens Paul , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough the murine thoracic aorta and its main branches are widely studied to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of human vascular diseases, detailed anatomical data on the murine aorta are sparse. Moreover, comparative studies between mice and men focusing on the topography and geometry of the heart and aorta are lacking. As this hampers the validation of murine vascular models, the branching pattern of the murine thoracic aorta was examined in 30 vascular corrosion casts. On six casts the intrathoracic position of the heart was compared with that of six younger and six older men of whom contrast‐enhanced computer tomography images of the thorax were three‐dimensionally reconstructed. In addition, the geometry of the human thoracic aorta was compared with that of the mouse by reconstructing micro‐computer tomography images of six murine casts. It was found that the right brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery branched subsequently from the aortic arch in both mice and men. The geometry of the branches of the murine aortic arch was quite similar to that of men. In both species the initial segment of the aorta, comprising the ascending aorta, aortic arch and cranial/superior part of the descending aorta, was sigmoidally curved on a cranial/superior view. Although some analogy between the intrathoracic position of the murine and human heart was observed, the murine heart manifestly deviated more ventrally. The major conclusion of this study is that, in both mice and men, the ascending and descending aorta do not lie in a single vertical plane (non‐planar aortic geometry). This contrasts clearly with most domestic mammals in which a planar aortic pattern is present. As the vascular branching pattern of the aortic arch is also similar in mice and men, the murine model seems valuable to study human vascular diseases.
Despite its role in assembly, methionine 35 is not necessary for amyloid β‐protein toxicity
Authors: Maiti Panchanan , Lomakin Aleksey , Benedek George B. , Bitan Gal 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1252–1262.AbstractAn important component of the pathologic process underlying Alzheimer’s disease is oxidative stress. Met35 in amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) is prone to participating in redox reactions promoting oxidative stress, and therefore is believed to contribute significantly Aβ‐induced toxicity. Thus, substitution of Met35 by residues that do not participate in redox chemistry would be expected to decrease Aβ toxicity. Indeed, substitution of Met35 by norleucine (Nle) was reported to reduce Aβ toxicity. Surprisingly, however, substitution of Met35 by Val was reported to increase toxicity. Aβ toxicity is known to be strongly related to its self‐assembly. However, neither substitution is predicted to affect Aβ assembly substantially. Thus, the effect of these substitutions on toxicity is difficult to explain. We revisited this issue and compared Aβ40 and Aβ42 with analogs containing Met35→Nle or Met35→Val substitutions using multiple biophysical and toxicity assays. We found that substitution of Met35 by Nle or Val had moderate effects on Aβ assembly. Surprisingly, despite these effects, neither substitution changed Aβ neurotoxicity significantly in three different assays. These results suggest that the presence of Met35 in Aβ is not important for Aβ toxicity, challenging to the prevailing paradigm, which suggests that redox reactions involving Met35 contribute substantially to Aβ‐induced toxicity.
External exoskeletal cavities in Coleoptera and their possible mycangial functions
Authors: GREBENNIKOV Vasily V. , LESCHEN Richard A. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews the occurrence of external exoskeletal cavities in beetles and provides critical reassessment of their possible mycangial function. In most reported cases, the decision to attribute mycangial function to exoskeletal cavities was based solely on the combination of two factors: (i) observation of these cavities on beetle's body; and (ii) knowledge that this particular beetle species uses fungi as a food source. Such reasoning resulted in the assumption, occasionally premature and not supported by other evidence, that exoskeletal pits in the following families may function as mycangia: Rhysodidae, Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae, Hybosoridae, Scarabaeidae, Derodontidae, Ptinidae, Jacobsoniidae, Boganiidae, Cryptophagidae, Endomychidae, Erotylidae, Latridiidae, Nitidulidae, Phloeostichidae, Silvanidae, Sphindidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthribidae, Attelabidae and Curculionidae. We conclude that only two beetle families include species with adequately documented cases of external exoskeletal mycangia: (i) Curculionidae (some Scolytinae and Platypodinae); and (ii) the structurally complex mycangia of Attelabidae (Euopsfemales). One or more species of Sphindidae, Erotylidae, Silvanidae, and Latridiidae have likely functional mycangia. Exoskeletal pits with uncertain function are additionally reported from the following families: Cupedidae, Ommatidae, Lepiceridae, Carabidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae, Leiodidae, Elmidae, Artematopodidae, Throscidae, Elateridae, Rhinorhipidae, Biphyllidae, Cerylonidae, Cyclaxyridae, Monotomidae, Mycetophagidae and Zopheridae. We also discuss the transport of fungal spores and conidia by waxy exudates or debris build up on beetle exoskeleton, as well as their passive attachment to the body.