bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A facile approach toward surface sulfonation of natural cotton fibers through epoxy reaction
Authors: Song Junlong , Jin Yongcan , Fu Guangshuai , He Aijian , Fu Wenjia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis manuscript describes a facile approach to modify the surface of natural cotton fibers with sulfonate groups through epoxy reaction. Sodium 1‐chloro‐2‐hydroxylpropyl sulfonate (SCHPS) was chosen as the sulfonation agent for cotton fibers since it contains a Cl group at one end, a hydroxyl group in the adjacent position, and a sulfonate group at the other end. Epoxy was formed when it was treated with concentrated alkali. Then, the formed epoxy groups reacted with the hydroxyl groups on cellulose backbone. As the consequence, sulfonate groups were introduced over the cellulosic fiber surface. In this investigation, orthogonal experimental design was employed to study the relationships between sulfonate densities on fiber surface and the influencing variables, i.e., concentration of NaOH, molar ratio of NaOH to sulfonation agent, and duration of reaction. Under the optimal condition, up to 4.6 mmol surface sulfonate groups/100 g fiber were achieved. The resulted fibers exhibited a strong affinity to silver ions and therefore were used as the substrate of antibacterial composite of silver nanoparticles and cotton fabric which fabricated via an in situ method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
In vitro efficacy and toxicology evaluation of silver nanoparticle‐loaded gelatin hydrogel pads as antibacterial wound dressings
Authors: Rattanaruengsrikul Vichayarat , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe silver nanoparticle (nAg)‐loaded gelatin hydrogel pads were prepared from 10 wt % gelatin aqueous solution containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 wt % by solvent‐casting technique. These AgNO3‐containing gelatin solutions, that had been aged for 15, 12, 8, 8, and 8 h, respectively, showed noticeable amounts of the as‐formed nAgs, the size of which increased with an increase in the AgNO3 concentration (i.e., from 7.7 to 10.8 nm, on average). The hydrogels were crosslinked with a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (50 wt %, at 1 μL mL−1). At 24 h of submersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or simulated body fluid buffer (SBF) solution, about 40.5–56.4% or 44.4–79.6% of the as‐loaded amounts of silver was released. Based on the colony count method, these nAg‐loaded hydrogels were effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with at least about 99.7% of bacterial growth inhibition. Unless they had been treated with a sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution, these hydrogels were proven, based on the indirect cytotoxicity evaluation, to be toxic to human's normal skin fibroblasts. Lastly, only the hydrogels that contained AgNO3 at 0.75 and 1.0 wt % were not detrimental to the skin cells that had been cultured directly on them. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Extraction and in vitro antioxidant activity of mopan persimmon polysaccharide
Authors: Chen Yilun , Zhang Jianjun , Li Chunmei , Chen Zhiqiang , Jia Le 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe optimal extraction parameters of Mopan persimmon polysaccharide (MPP) were ultrasonic power 900 W, ultrasonic treatment time 3 min, and water addition 2000%. Four subfractions (MPP‐1, MPP‐2b, MPP‐3, and MPP‐4b) were separated by DEAE–52 cellulose anion‐exchange column chromatography and then Sephadex G‐200 gel column chromatography. The in vitro scavenging effects of MPP and MPP‐4b at a dosage of 10 g/L on hydroxyl radical were 94.15 ± 8.27% and 96.61 ± 8.06%, respectively. The 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl inhibition percentages of two polysaccharides fractions were 93.37 ± 7.66% and 70.79 ± 6.15%, respectively. The reducing power (absorbance at 700 nm) of MPP and MPP‐4b were 4.31 ± 0.26 and 5.09 ± 0.33, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of saccharide‐functionalized polymer–gemcitabine conjugates based on chemoenzymatic selective strategy
Authors: Zhou Guo‐Jun , Li Xia , Teng Ming‐Xing , Chu Guo‐Hai , Lin Xian‐Fu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of polymer–gemcitabine conjugates with variable composition and potential hepatoma‐targeting property was achieved by combining selectively enzymatic transesterification with radical polymerization. Four polymerizable vinyl gemcitabine esters were first prepared by highly selective transesterification of gemcitabine with divinyl dicarboxylates using CAL‐B as catalyst in acetone and characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS. The effects of enzyme sources, organic solvents, and molar ratio of substrates on the enzymatic transesterification were investigated in detail. Then α,α′‐azobis‐(isobutyronitrile)‐initiated homopolymerization of the resultant gemcitabine monomers was performed and three polymer–gemcitabine conjugates with high gemcitabine content (>55 wt %) were synthesized. Moreover, radical copolymerization of the gemcitabine monomer 5′‐O‐vinyladipyl‐gemcitabine with different saccharide comonomers was performed, and three saccharide‐functionalized polymer–gemcitabine conjugates with 5.7–15.3 wt % gemcitabine content were obtained, among which the conjugates with galactose or lactose as pendants had potential hepatoma‐targeting function. All the resultant polymer–gemcitabine conjugates were characterized by IR, NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Interphasial viscoelastic behavior of CNT reinforced nanocomposites studied by means of the concept of the hybrid viscoelastic interphase
Authors: Papanicolaou G. C. , Xepapadaki A. G. , Drakopoulos E. D. , Papaefthymiou K. P. , Portan D. V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study the effect of carbon nanotubes content as well as of the tensile stress level applied upon the linear viscoelastic creep response of carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposites was investigated. Experimental findings were modeled by means of the newly developed hybrid viscoelastic interphase model, which constitutes an extension of the previously developed hybrid interphase model. According to this model, the viscoelastic interphase thickness has not of constant value but is dependent upon the property considered at the time as well as on the creep time. In addition, the parameter of imperfect bonding is introduced through the degree of adhesion. Experimental findings combined with analytical results gave a better understanding of the viscoelastic response of epoxy resin carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Flame retardant mechanisms of phosphorus‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPO‐POSS) in polycarbonate composites
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Li Xiangmei , Yang Rongjie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe flame retardancy mechanisms of a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐POSS) in polycarbonate (PC) composites are discussed. A nice flame retardancy performance of 6 wt % DOPO‐POSS/PC is detected from cone calorimeter testing. The peak heat release rate and total heat released of 6 wt % DOPO‐POSS/PC decrease obviously compared with that of PC. The major pyrolysis products detected from the decomposition process of PC and 6 wt % DOPO‐POSS/PC are investigated by TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and mass spectrum (TGA‐FTIR and TGA‐MS), respectively. It is confirmed that DOPO‐POSS catalyzes thermal decomposition of PC, however, reduces the release of flammable volatiles during the decomposition of PC. The condensed phase products after decomposition of PC and 6 wt % DOPO‐POSS/PC are investigated by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. They indicated that DOPO‐POSS can accelerate the formation of char during the decomposition of PC composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Anatomy, medical education, and human ancestral variation
Authors: Štrkalj Goran , Spocter Muhammad A. , Wilkinson A. Tracey 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt is argued in this article that the human body both in health and disease cannot be fully understood without adequately accounting for the different levels of human variation. The article focuses on variation due to ancestry, arguing that the inclusion of information pertaining to ancestry in human anatomy teaching materials and courses should be carried out and implemented with care and in line with latest developments in biological anthropology and related sciences. This seems to be of particular importance in the education of health professionals, as recent research suggests that better knowledge of human variation can improve clinical skills. It is also argued that relatively small curricular changes relating to the teaching of human variation can produce significant educational gains. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Multi‐stage transitional models with random effects and their application to the Einstein aging study
Authors: Song Changhong , Kuo Lynn , Derby Carol A. , Lipton Richard B. , Hall Charles B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLongitudinal studies of aging often gather repeated observations of cognitive status to describe the development of dementia and to assess the influence of risk factors. Clinical progression to dementia is often conceptualized by a multi‐stage model of several transitions that synthesizes time‐varying effects. In this study, we assess the influence of risk factors on the transitions among three cognitive status: cognitive stability (normal cognition for age), memory impairment, and clinical dementia. We have developed a shared random effects model that not only links the propensity of transitions and to the probability of informative missingness due to death, but also incorporates heterogeneous transition between subjects. We evaluate four approaches using generalized logit and four using proportional odds models to the first‐order Markov transition probabilities as a function of covariates. Random effects were incorporated into these models to account for within‐subject correlations. Data from the Einstein Aging Study are used to evaluate the goodness‐of‐fit of these models using the Akaike information criterion. The best fitting model for each type (generalized logit and proportional odds) is recommended and their results are discussed in more details.
Direct assembling methodologies for high‐throughput bioscreening
Authors: Rodríguez‐Dévora Jorge I. , Shi Zhi‐dong , Xu Tao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOver the last few decades, high‐throughput (HT) bioscreening, a technique that allows rapid screening of biochemical compound libraries against biological targets, has been widely used in drug discovery, stem cell research, development of new biomaterials, and genomics research. To achieve these ambitions, scaffold‐free (or direct) assembly of biological entities of interest has become critical. Appropriate assembling methodologies are required to build an efficient HT bioscreening platform. The development of contact and non‐contact assembling systems as a practical solution has been driven by a variety of essential attributes of the bioscreening system, such as miniaturization, high throughput, and high precision. The present article reviews recent progress on these assembling technologies utilized for the construction of HT bioscreening platforms.
Metabolic engineering for the production of clinically important molecules: Omega‐3 fatty acids, artemisinin, and taxol
Authors: Ye Victor M. , Bhatia Sujata K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDriven by requirements for sustainability as well as affordability and efficiency, metabolic engineering of plants and microorganisms is increasingly being pursued to produce compounds for clinical applications. This review discusses three such examples of the clinical relevance of metabolic engineering: the production of omega‐3 fatty acids for the prevention of cardiovascular disease; the biosynthesis of artemisinic acid, an anti‐malarial drug precursor, for the treatment of malaria; and the production of the complex natural molecule taxol, an anti‐cancer agent. In terms of omega‐3 fatty acids, bioengineering of fatty acid metabolism by expressing desaturases and elongases, both in soybeans and oleaginous yeast, has resulted in commercial‐scale production of these beneficial molecules. Equal success has been achieved with the biosynthesis of artemisinic acid at low cost for developing countries. This is accomplished through channeling the flux of the isoprenoid pathway to the specific genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. Efficient coupling of the isoprenoid pathway also leads to the construction of an Escherichia coli strain that produces a high titer of taxadiene‐the first committed intermediate for taxol biosynthesis. These examples of synthetic biology demonstrate the versatility of metabolic engineering to bring new solutions to our health needs.
Randomized clinical trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, supervised exercise and combined treatment for intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal arterial disease
Authors: Mazari F A K , Khan J A , Carradice D , Samuel N , Abdul Rahman M N A , Gulati S , Lee H L D , Mehta T A , McCollum P T , Chetter I C 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim was to compare percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), a supervised exercise programme (SEP) and combined treatment (PTA plus SEP) for intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal arterial disease.

Methods
Consenting patients with femoropopliteal arterial lesions were randomized to one of three treatment arms: PTA, SEP, or PTA plus SEP. All patients received optimal medical treatment. Patients were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Clinical (ankle pressures, walking distances, symptoms) and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes (Short Form 36, VascuQol) were analysed.

Results
A total of 178 patients (108 men, median age 70 years) were included. All three treatment groups demonstrated significant clinical and QoL improvements. One year after PTA (60 patients, 8 withdrew), 37 patients (71 per cent) had improved (16 mild, 16 moderate, 5 marked), nine (17 per cent) showed no improvement and six (12 per cent) had deteriorated. After SEP (60 patients, 14 withdrew), 32 patients (70 per cent) had improved (19 mild, 10 moderate, 3 marked), six (13 per cent) showed no improvement and eight (17 per cent) had deteriorated. After PTA plus SEP (58 patients, 11 withdrew), 40 patients (85 per cent) had improved (18 mild, 20 moderate, 2 marked), seven (15 per cent) showed no improvement and none had deteriorated. On intergroup analysis, PTA and SEP alone were equally effective in improving clinical outcomes, although the effect was short-lived. PTA plus SEP produced a more sustained clinical improvement, but there was no significant QoL advantage.

Conclusion
For patients with intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal disease, PTA, SEP, and PTA plus SEP were all equally effective in improving walking distance and QoL after 12 months. Registration number: NCT00798850 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vinylgallium and Alkyllithium Compounds: Transmetalation and Generation of Oligolithium Cages
Authors: Uhl Werner , Kovert Dirk , Layh Marcus , Hepp Alexander 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVinylgallium compounds [C6H6−n{(H)CC(SiR2R′)GaR′′2}n] (3, R=Ph, Me; R′=Ph, Me; R′′=tBu, Et; n=1, 2) are easily accessible by hydrogallation of the corresponding alkynylbenzene derivatives with HGaCl2 and subsequent reaction with alkyllithium derivatives. Treatment of 3 with an excess amount of tert‐butyl‐ or ethyllithium yielded by transmetalation and ortho‐deprotonation of the aromatic rings the unprecedented solvent‐free oligolithium cluster compounds [{(C6H4Li)HCC(SiPh3)Li}2(tBuLi)2] (4), [{(C6H4Li)HCC(SiPh2Me)Li}4] (5) and [{(C6H3Li){HCC(SiMe3)Li}2}3] (6) in moderate yields. Their solid‐state structures revealed the presence of unique molecular lithium clusters with 6, 8, or 9 lithium atoms that may be derived from two edge‐sharing Li4 tetrahedra (4), three Li4 tetrahedra in a chain joined by two common edges (5) or a tricapped trigonal prism of lithium atoms (6).
Preoperative Treatment With an Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Has No Beneficial Effect on the Development of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Chin Ji‐Hyun , Lee Eun‐Ho , Son Hyo Jung , Kim Wook‐Jong , Choi Dae‐Kee , Park Soo‐Kyoung , Sim Ji‐Yeon , Choi In‐Cheol , Hahm Kyung‐Don 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:The present study investigated whether preoperative angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use affected the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB).Hypothesis:Preoperative use of ACEI or ARB was related to POAF in patients undergoing OPCAB.Methods:This retrospective, observational, cohort study involved 1050 patients who underwent OPCAB from January 2006 to December 2009.Results:ACEI or ARB, ACEI alone, and ARB alone did not exert beneficial effect on the occurrence of POAF, and ACEI or ARB use was rather associated with an increased incidence of POAF (ACEI or ARB: odds ratio [OR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.62, P = 0.03; ACEI alone: OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.57–2.97, P = 0.53; ARB alone: OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.64, P = 0.09).Conclusions:ACEI or ARB, ACEI alone, and ARB alone did not favorably influence the occurrence of POAF in patients undergoing OPCAB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Loss of ASP but not ROPN1 reduces mammalian ciliary motility
Authors: Fiedler Sarah E. , Sisson Joseph H. , Wyatt Todd A. , Pavlik Jacqueline A. , Gambling Todd M. , Carson Johnny L. , Carr Daniel W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProtein kinase A (PKA) signaling is targeted by interactions with A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) via a dimerization/docking domain on the regulatory (R) subunit of PKA. Four other mammalian proteins [AKAP‐associated sperm protein (ASP), ropporin (ROPN1), sperm protein 17 (SP17) and calcium binding tyrosine‐(Y)‐phosphorylation regulated protein (CABYR)] share this highly conserved RII dimerization/docking (R2D2) domain. ASP and ROPN1 are 41% identical in sequence, interact with a variety of AKAPs in a manner similar to PKA, and are expressed in ciliated and flagellated human cells. To test the hypothesis that these proteins regulate motility, we developed mutant mouse lines lacking ASP or ROPN1. Both mutant lines produced normal numbers of cilia with intact ciliary ultrastructure. Lack of ROPN1 had no effect on ciliary motility. However, the beat frequency of cilia from mice lacking ASP is significantly slower than wild type, indicating that ASP signaling may regulate ciliary motility. This is the first demonstration of in vivo function for ASP. Similar localization of ASP in mice and humans indicates that these findings may translate to human physiology, and that these mice will be an excellent model for future studies related to the pathogenesis of human disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative and cost‐effectiveness of oxaliplatin‐based or irinotecan‐based regimens compared with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin alone among US elderly stage IV colon cancer patients
Authors: Mullins C. Daniel , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Pandya Naimish B. , Hanna Nader 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Clinical trials have shown a statistically significant disease‐free survival benefit of oxaliplatin‐based or irinotecan‐based combination regimens for stage IV colon cancer. Less is known regarding the comparative effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of these agents among elderly patients. Whether the benefits of these agents justify the additional costs for elderly Medicare recipients is particularly policy relevant after US health care reform.METHODS:A cost‐effectiveness analysis of oxaliplatin‐based or irinotecan‐based combination therapy versus 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin alone in elderly stage IV colon cancer patients was performed from a US Medicare perspective. Survival and direct medical costs were estimated using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data sets for patients diagnosed from 2002 to 2005 with follow‐up through 2007. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated as costs per life‐year gained, with sensitivity analysis estimating the cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY).RESULTS:Median improved overall survival with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin alone, or irinotecan‐based or oxaliplatin‐based combination therapy was 0.99, 1.07, and 1.47 life‐years, respectively. Costs per life‐year gained for oxaliplatin‐based or irinotecan‐based combination regimens compared with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin alone were $78,181 and $267,938, respectively. ICERs comparing oxaliplatin‐based to irinotecan‐based regimens were $40,230 per life‐year gained or $160,920 per QALY.CONCLUSIONS:Oxaliplatin‐based or irinotecan‐based combination therapy improves overall survival but also substantially increases direct medical costs compared with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin alone when used in elderly US patients with stage IV colon cancer. Oxaliplatin‐based regimens are more cost‐effective than irinotecan‐based regimens for treatment of elderly stage IV colon cancer patients in terms of cost per life‐year gained, but not in terms of cost per QALY. Cancer 2012;118: 3173–81. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Arvold Nils D. , Ryan David P. , Niemierko Andrzej , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Allen Jill N. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Wadlow Raymond C. , Zhu Andrew X. , Fernandez‐del Castillo Carlos , Hong Theodore S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiation therapy (CRT) may improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, but optimal management remains controversial, and prior reports have limited follow‐up.METHODS:Seventy consecutive patients with unresectable (n = 46) or borderline resectable (n = 24) locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with CRT from 2005 to 2009. Patients typically received 50.4 grays in 28 fractions (91%) with concurrent 5‐fluorouracil (84%) or capecitabine (14%). Forty patients received CRT alone, and 30 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT for a median of 4 months, typically gemcitabine (93%). All patients without progression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were offered CRT.RESULTS:Median follow‐up was 14.2 months (range, 3‐57 months). Fifty‐three percent of patients in the CRT group versus 83% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT group had unresectable tumors at diagnosis; after completion of CRT, 20% of patients in both groups underwent resection. Compared with CRT alone, the neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT group demonstrated improved median overall survival (OS; 18.7 vs 12.4 months; P = .02) and progression‐free survival (11.4 vs 6.7 months; P = .02). On multivariate analysis, receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.87; P = .02) and surgical resection (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.85; P = .02) were associated with increased OS.CONCLUSIONS:Gemcitabine‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy confers a significant OS advantage by allowing the selection of patients who will derive greatest benefit from CRT. Median survival with this approach was similar to that seen with surgical resection. Cancer 2012;118: 3026–35. © 2011 American Cancer Society.