bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends of plutonium and radiocesium in three fish species of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Zotina Tatiana A. , Melgunov Michail S , Dementyev Dmitry V , Alexandrove Yuliyana V , Karpov Anton D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The paper presents a comparative study of temporal trends of plutonium (239,240Pu), radiocesium (137Cs), and potassium (40K) in samples of three commercial fish species (Northern pike, Baikal grayling, and Siberian dace) occupying different positions in a trophic net in the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia). Samples of fish were caught in the Yenisei in 2011–2020 during a period of significant changes in controlled radioactive releases into the river. The study has shown no increase in plutonium content in fish samples within two years after the upsurge in controlled Pu discharge into the river (2018–2020). Average activity concentration of 239,240Pu (mBq∙kg− 1 d.w.) in muscle of grayling, 10.90 ± 8.61, was higher (p < 0.01) than in muscle of dace, 2.36 ± 1.25, and pike, 3.75 ± 2.88. This can be attributed to the feeding of grayling on benthic invertebrates rich in Pu. The content of Pu tended to increase in muscle of pike with the increasing size of the fish. Activity concentration of 137Cs (Bq∙kg− 1 d.w.) in muscle of pike, a piscivorous fish, 7.74 ± 5.12, was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the average activity concentration of 137Cs in muscle of dace, 2.51 ± 1.57, and grayling, 2.50 ± 1.71. This can be attributed to biomagnification of cesium in food nets. The results will draw a baseline for assessment of dose-dependent ecological risks for wild fish itself and fish consumers.
A Systematic Literature Review: AI, DL and Machine Learning inCyber Risk Management
Authors: Hamid Ishrag , Rahman MM Hafizur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The integration of AI and ML in both climate change and cyber risk management has significantly bolstered their effectiveness. These advanced technologies enable organizations to handle extensive datasets, whether related to climate patterns or cyber activities, with greater efficiency and making more informed decisions. AI and machine learning are utilized in cyber security to predict potential threats, automate tasks, and manage cyber security risks. Ensuring the accuracy of information, comprehending the functionality of the model, and safeguarding individuals' data pose challenges. It is very important to use personal information ethically and protect it. Researchers should prioritize accuracy in the information utilized, clarity in AI models, and fairness in AI decision-making in the future. New technologies like edge computing, federated learning, explainable AI, and quantum computing are changing the way we manage risk and keep our digital information safe. These new advancements provide opportunities to gain a better understanding of risks, identify threats more rapidly, and improve decision-making. Still, there are challenges concerning data accuracy, understanding model operations, and privacy issues that must be resolved before these technologies can effectively address cyber risks.
The Double-edged Effect of Urban Agglomeration on Regional Inequality
Authors: Tong De , Yang Huiyu , Chen Anping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Urban agglomeration, the trend and main carrier of future urbanization in the world, plays an important role in integrating regional resources and promoting economic growth. In particular, in some countries, urban agglomeration has become a policy tool for high-quality urbanization. However, does urban agglomeration play an equally positive role in reducing regional inequality? Based on theoretical analysis and a quasi-natural experiment with the China’s pilot initiative of national urban agglomeration, we confirm that urban agglomeration policy has the reverse effect of exacerbating intra-city inequality and alleviating inter-city inequality in the early stage, with superposition results not significant on overall regional inequality. However, with the passage of policy exposure, the three types of regional inequality indices show inverted U-shaped changes, but the turning point times vary greatly. Further research finds that government intervention for local competition has a time-differentiated moderating effect on the regional inequality effect of urban agglomeration policy. Finally, we provide evidence-based policy recommendations aimed at maximizing policy benefits of urban agglomeration.
A tale of two nutrients: how nitrogen and phosphorus differentially control marine biomass production and stoichiometry
Authors: Seelen Emily , Gleich Samantha , Kumler William , Anderson Hanna , Bian Xiaopeng , Björkman Karin , Caron David , Dyhrman Sonya , Ferron Sara , Finkel Zoe , Haley Sheean , Hu Ying-Yu , Ingalls Anitra , Irwin Andrew , Karl David , Kong Kyeong Pil , Lowenstein Daniel , Estrada Andrés Salazar , Townsend Emily , Tracey John , Turk-Kubo Kendra , Mooy Benjamin Van , John Seth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The efficacy of the marine biological carbon pump is tied to new production of phytoplankton which require nitrogen and phosphorus to grow. Globally, nitrate and phosphate are delivered from deep to surface waters and are incorporated into biomass at molar ratios near 16:1, the N:P “Redfield ratio.” Latitudinally, surface particulate N:P ratios vary, often attributed to two mechanisms: variations in microbial community composition and physiological acclimation. How these mechanisms influence plankton growth and stoichiometry impacts the marine carbon cycle, yet remain uncertain. We explore these mechanisms using a mesocosm experiment with a natural, oligotrophic community amended with N and/or P. We show that the N supply rate impacted the particulate N:P ratio by altering the overall community composition, whereas low P availability elevated the community N:P ratios via physiological acclimation. Despite N:P flexibility, the particulate C:N ratio remained within a tight range. Extrapolated to the global surface ocean, these results imply that increased N supply to surface waters through events like N2 fixation and dust may enhance overall C fixation while depleting surface P to levels traditionally considered limiting, but through cellular acclimation, can maintain the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.
Nursing work environment, teamwork, and job stress- related presenteeism in intergraded nursing care service wards in south korea: a cross sectional study
Authors: Na Soo Yeon , Moon So-Hyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background This study attempted to identify the relationship between the nursing work environment, teamwork, and job stress-related presenteeism for nurses in the integrated nursing care service wards, as well as factors that influence such presenteeism.
Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in integrated nursing care service wards among 4 general hospitals with more than 100 beds located in G Metropolitan City, and data were collected from 172 valid responses. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Person's Correlation Coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 27.0 program.
Results Consequently, job stress-related presentation was negatively and positively correlated with team leadership (r=-0.230, p=0.002), a sub-area of teamwork, and the foundation for quality nursing (r=0.209, p=0.006), a sub-area of the nursing work environment, respectively. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, teamwork leadership and nursing foundation for quality of care were found to be factors affecting job stress-related presenteeism, and the explanatory power of the model was 7.8%.
Conclusion Accordingly, it is necessary to develop various intervention programs and evaluate the effectiveness of application in consideration of department characteristics as well as individual efforts for presenteeism intervention through job stress reduction.
The Cognition of Geophagy: Mapping Global Research Outputs
Authors: Jena Priyanka , Kampa Raj Kishor , Pattnayak Sakti Prasad , Prusty B. Anjan Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Globally, research on geophagy has been receiving attention, with reports from different animal taxa, including human beings, also highlighting varied components linked with soil consumption instinct. However, a critical systematic study of the extant literature is lacking amidst the growth in research on geophagy, thereby making it difficult to infer the exact trends in this research. Therefore, the present study is conducted to analyse scholarly publications on geophagy from 1930 through 2022. The findings of the study reveal an increasing trend in publications 2010 onwards. WC Mahaney and SL Young are the prolific authors.York University and University of Toronto, are the most productive universities for their publications on geophagy. United States of America and United Kingdom are the most productive countries publishing the highest number of articles on geophagy. It is found that Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Primates, and Biotropica are the prominent journals publishing on geophagy. Thematic analysis of geophagy research reveals that mammalian studies, nutritional aspects, geochemical and geological aspects are major themes of research. Present analysis, thus, is an eye-opener and warrants the conceptualization of integrated research focussing on the suggested aspects of geophagy by fostering collaboration between countries across the globe.
Optimized Design of Reversible Adder andMultiplier Using Peres Gates
Authors: Kadbe Premanand K. , Markande Shriram D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper details the approach to the designand optimization of reversible adder and multiplierutilizing Peres gates which is a three input, three outputgate. Peres gates are recognized for their universality andenergy efficient properties and present an intriguingoption for constructing reversible circuits. Reversiblelogic characterized by its ability to uniquely determineinput states from output states is harnessed to create acircuit suitable for applications in quantum computing andother emerging technologies. The design methodologyinvolves a cascading arrangement of Peres gates eachperforming a reversible XOR operation on correspondingbits of the input numbers and the carry out from thepreceding stage. The paper presents a detailed schematicrepresentation, simulation results and analysis of theproposed designs showcasing their potential forreversible and quantum computing applications. Theintegration of Peres gates in the adder and multiplierdesign signifies a step forward in the exploration ofreversible logic circuits and their applications incontemporary computing paradigms.
Colonic bacterial community responding to selenium-enriched yeast supplementation associated with improved gut mucus function in finishing pigs
Authors: Su Lingling , Yi Hongbo , Xu E , Xiao Mingfei , Gao Yanhua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The effects of supplementing finishing pigs with different levels of SeY on intestinal morphology, epithelial mucus production, antioxidant activity and colonic bacterial community were evaluated. A total of thirty 90-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire finishing pigs (with an average body weight of 54.37±2.13 kg) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet, while the other four groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with SeY at 0.3, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg, respectively, for an 80-day of feeding trial. Intestinal morphology results showed that the addition of SeY at 0.3 mg/kg increased villus height, villus height/crypt ratio, and mucus production (as revealed by increased mucosal goblet cell number, mucus thickness, and the mRNA expression of MUC-1, claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 gene) in the ileum compared with the control group (P<0.05), while high-dose selenium at 5 mg/kg was detrimental to the mucosal histology. Ileal antioxidant activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and jejunal mRNA expression of GPX-1 and GPX-4, were significantly higher in response to Se supplementation (P<0.05). Faecal Se excretion increased significantly in SeY supplemented groups in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). SeY supplementation resulted in a significant difference in beta diversity between treatment groups, as determined by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance based on Bray-Curtis distance (PERMANOVA, F=2.472, P=0.002) Additionally, colonic fermentation metabolites, including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate, showed a linear decreasing trend with increasing doses of SeY (P < 0.05). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids were positively correlated with the biomarker genera Agathobacter (SeY at 0.3mg/kg), while isobutyrate and isovalerate were negatively correlated with biomarker genera Lactobacillus (SeY at 0.3mg/kg) (P < 0.05). Faecalaccumulation of Se was positively correlated with the biomarker genera Alloprevotella (SeY at 3mg/kg) and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (SeY at 5mg/kg) and was negatively correlated with biomarker genera Agathobacter (SeY at 0.3mg/kg), Bacteroides (CON), and Faecalibacterium (CON) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SeY doses of 0.3 mg/kg have beneficial effects on intestinal health, whereas prolonged SeY doses up to 5 mg/kg may compromise the intestinal function in finishing pigs.
Rapidly evolving ocean pH in the early Earth: Insights from global carbon cycle coupled with ocean chemistry
Authors: Guo Meng , Korenaga Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The ocean pH is a fundamental property that regulates various aspects of Earth system evolution. However, the early ocean pH remains controversial, with estimates ranging from strongly acidic to alkaline. Here we show that, by coupling global carbon cycle with ocean charge balance, and by using Earth interior processes to specify the history of volatile distribution and ocean chemistry, a rapid increase in ocean pH is likely during the Hadean to early Archean, with the pH evolving from 5 to neutral by ~ 4.0 Ga. This rapid pH evolution is attributed primarily to the elevated rates of both seafloor and continental weathering during the Hadean, which in turn result from high surface temperatures, efficient CO2 supply, rapid formation and destruction of both continental and oceanic crusts, and elevated levels of divalent cations in the crust. Earth likely transformed from a hostile state to a habitable one by the end of Hadean, which has important implications for planetary habitability and the origin of life.
A model for eliminating aggregate and specification bias in multivariate fine-scale urban scenarios
Authors: Salehi Afshin , Beni Farkhondeh Ahmadi , Halabian AmirHossein , AminiNejad Ramin , Ganjali Jafar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The spatial relationships between predictors and responses are influenced by their frequency and spatial distribution. Ecological bias in regression models can occur due to the aggregate frequency and clustering of independent variables, leading to false, over-, or underestimations. This can be exacerbated by an increase in data resolution, complexity, and variable count, as is often the case in urban research scenarios. To address this issue, a new relationship-estimation model called the Ecologically Corrected Spatial Relationship Estimator (ECSRE) was proposed and compared to Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The results showed that ECSRE outperformed GWR by correctly revealing pre-planned relationships in simulated data, presenting a lower influence of aggregate frequencies on the outcome, better suppression of specification errors, higher R2 scores, and better randomness of residuals.
Pd@HQBI-SPION as an Efficient Palladium-Immobilized Catalyst for Facile Synthesis of Novel Phenanthroline-Dimedone Derivatives
Authors: Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Serajian Azam , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and application of a novel catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formations, comprising palladium immobilized on 2-(5-hydroxyquinolin-8-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Pd@HQBI-SPION). The synthesis involved the attachment of HQBI ligands to SPION using APTES, followed by the immobilization of palladium. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TEM, and magnetic measurements, confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of Pd@HQBI-SPION. The catalytic activity of Pd@HQBI-SPION was evaluated in various carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, demonstrating high efficiency and reusability. The catalyst exhibited excellent performance in one-pot synthesis of phenanthroline-dimedone polycyclic derivatives via C-alkylation followed by intramolecular O-alkylation of phenanthroline with dimedone. The products are obtained in high to excellent yields is described. This protocol presents a highly selective synthetic method for the construction of polycyclic aromatic compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
Exploration of common genomic signatures of Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Kawasaki disease
Authors: Zhong Shiling , Wu Ling , Li Yunyan , Chen Yuanling , shen Mengjiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

To investigate the common genetic patterns and possible molecular processes involved in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and Kawasaki disease (KD). The methodology involved the retrieval and analysis of microarray data for SJIA and KD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The researchers employed the ExpressAnalystR software to ascertain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were shared, and subsequently identified genes associated with extracellular proteins within this set. Transcription factors (TFs) and their corresponding target genes in single-domain encoding genes (SDEGs) were acquired by a comparative analysis of databases such as HumanTFDB and hTFtarget. Subsequently, the gene sets that had been previously identified underwent functional enrichment analysis using the metascape program. Ultimately, the analysis of immune infiltration was conducted using CIBERSORT. The study revealed a total of 204 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated SDEGs. Through the construction of a network targeting transcription factors (TFs), 4 specific TFs (EGR1, BCL6, FOS, and NFE2) were identified and further screened. Functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration findings indicate that both the adaptive and innate immune systems play significant roles in the development of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and Kawasaki disease (KD). Signaling pathways, such as NF-kB, are crucial in the pathogenesis of these conditions, along with biological processes like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) functions and neutrophil degranulation. The findings of our investigation provided comprehensive evidence regarding the intricate and adaptable nature of the immune system abnormalities associated with SJIA and KD. The same pathogenic mechanism may involve the actions of TNF, neutrophil degranulation, and the NF-kB pathway. Furthermore, it is imperative to carry out a more comprehensive investigation of the regulatory functions of EGR1, BCL6, FOS, and NFE2 within this network.
Application of Box-Behnken design for optimization of betulinic acid, ursolic acid and phenolics extraction from endemic Rosa psiformis subsp. pisiformis in relation to its cytotoxic activities
Authors: Demiray Hatice , Dibek Mesut Emir , Özel Onur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Although it has important pharmacological bioactivities, betulinic acid is still obtained by extraction from wood heart and bark and by transformation synthetically. With these methods, less than 3% efficiency is obtained. Our endemic rose species, Rosa pisiformis (Christ.) D. Sosn., which is a new alternative source of betulinic acid and traditionally used for its medicinal properties, was collected from the province of Gümüşhane, its natural distribution, and organs of the plant such as root, stem, leaf and fruit were air diried and pulverizated. The drugs are extracted separately with three solvents (methanol, dichloromethane and hexane) with Box-Behnken optimized extraction method and the amounts of quercetin, rutin, catechin and betulinic, ursolic and oleanolic acids in roots, stems, leaves and fruits are determined with standard substances using HPLC-DAD techniques. According to the Box-Benchen method optimisation data was obtained as 65% ratio of solvent and 5 times maceration with 75 ml of solvents. By the way the highest amount of catechin was found in the leaf (DCM) as 15.61 µg/ml; stem was found to be rich in rutin (28.96 µg/ml) and quercetin (39.90 µg/ml). The amount of betulinic acid in stem (hexane) (11.84 µg/ml) and root (9.32 µg/ml) has been determined for the first time, and their cytotoxic activities were determined mostly in stem also leaves and roots followed this subsequently against prostate and lung carcinoma cells by ABTS-assay.
Derivation of human primary prostate epithelial cell lines by differentially targeting the CDKN2A locus along with expression of hTERT
Authors: Wasserman Jason S. , Fowle Holly , Hashmi Rumesa , Atar Diba , Patel Kishan , Yarmahmoodi Amir , Macfarlane Alexander W. , Tan Yinfei , Cukierman Edna , Gligorijevic Bojana , Karami Adam , Whelan Kelly A. , Campbell Kerry S. , Graña Xavier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US males in 2022. Prostate cancer also represents the second highest cancer mortality disparity between non-Hispanic blacks and whites. However, there is a relatively small number of prostate normal and cancer cell lines compared to other cancers. To identify the molecular basis of PCa progression, it is important to have prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) lines as karyotypically normal as possible. Our lab recently developed a novel methodology for the rapid and efficient immortalization of normal human PrEC that combines simultaneous CRISPR-directed inactivation of CDKN2A exon 2 (which directs expression of p16INK4A and p14ARF) and ectopic expression of an hTERT transgene. To optimize this methodology to generate immortalized lines with minimal genetic alterations, we sought to target exon 1α of the CDKN2A locus so that p16INK4A expression is ablated while p14ARF expression remains unaltered. Here we describe the establishment of two cell lines: one with the above-mentioned p16INK4A only loss, and a second line targeting both products in the CDKN2A locus. We characterize the potential lineage origin of these new cell lines along with our previously obtained clones, revealing distinct gene expression signatures. Based on the analyses of protein markers and RNA expression signatures, these cell lines are most closely related to a subpopulation of basal prostatic cells. Given the simplicity of this one-step methodology and the fact that it uses only the minimal genetic alterations necessary for immortalization, it should also be suitable for the establishment of cell lines from primary prostate tumor samples, an urgent need given the limited number of available prostate cancer cell lines.