bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonnaturalism and Enchantment
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Moral nonnaturalism’s animating idea is that moral reality has its own distinctive character, being autonomous vis-à-vis stretches of the natural world. Following G. E. Moore, many metaethicists have explicated this idea by reference to the province of natural science. Seeking to improve upon that Moorean approach, this chapter fleshes out nonnaturalism’s animating idea in essentialist terms: according to nonnaturalism, normativity figures ineliminably in the essence of at least some elements of moral reality. Otherwise put, moral reality is “deeply normative.” This nonnaturalist thesis can be paired with the distinct claim that normativity also figures ineliminably in the essence of at least some elements of non-moral reality—a view this chapter calls ‘Enchantment.’ The aim of this chapter is to present and elucidate both moral nonnaturalism and enchantment, defending its formulation of the former view: the formulation properly classifies paradigm naturalist and nonnaturalist positions, makes sense of various disputes between them, and distinguishes them in a way that is neither arbitrary nor stipulative, but philosophically substantive.
Tethering Moral Reality
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Various correlations obtain between moral and non-normative reality. This chapter seeks to present, defend, and explain the claims needed to make sense of these correlations. Correlations between particular moral and non-normative facts, as well as general correlations expressed in moral principles, are substantiated via fundamental moral facts. Other correlations are accounted for via Strong Supervenience. The chapter offers a novel approach to explaining Strong Supervenience, one that cites a grounding relation between moral properties and their complete non-normative supervenience base. This grounding relation, in turn, is explained by the essences of moral properties—they are, by their very nature, the sorts of things whose instantiations are explained by the non-normative properties that ground (and thus entail) them. This is followed by responses to two objections to the idea that nonnaturalism can properly handle the various correlations between moral and non-normative reality. The chapter concludes by providing a strategy for answering the Arché Question, which asks for the identity of morality’s source: the non-normative facts that fully explain fundamental moral facts. The proposed strategy appeals to essence facts regarding the moral properties in fundamental moral facts. Those essence facts, which are themselves non-normative, do the needed explanatory work.
Strong Moral Reasons
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Moral realism is committed to the existence of strong moral reasons; this chapter defends their existence. After first elucidating the notions of a practical reason, a moral reason, a categorical reason (one that does not depend on an agent’s contingent commitments), and an excellent reason (one that is comparatively weighty vis-à-vis rivals), the chapter proceeds to offer three arguments. The first is for the existence of moral reasons. These are not merely reasons to do what morality demands—after all, there can be prudential or instrumental reasons to do our duty, where such reasons needn’t be moral ones. The argument for moral reasons finds leverage in the connection between reasons and such attitudes as blame and regret. That connection also undergirds the chapter’s second argument, for the existence of moral reasons that are categorical. This is followed by the third, a novel argument for the existence of categorical moral reasons that are also excellent.
Invited commentary: is the polysocial score approach valuable for advancing social determinants of health research?
Authors: Wu Chenkai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Social determinants of health encompass the social environmental factors and lived experiences that collectively shape an individual’s health. Recently, the polysocial score approach has been introduced as an innovative method for capturing the cumulative impact of a broad spectrum of social factors. This approach offers a promising opportunity to complement and enhance conventional methodologies in the advancement of research on social determinants of health. In this issue of the Journal, Jawadekar et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;XXX(XX):XXX–XXX) evaluate the value of the polysocial score for predicting cognitive performance and mortality among middle-aged and older adults. Models built on a smaller set of social determinants, including race/ethnicity, sex, and education, performed comparably to the polysocial score models in which a more complex set of social factors was included. In this invited commentary, I evaluate the predictive ability of the polysocial score and discuss its merits and limitations. I also summarize the practical utility of the polysocial score in predicting health outcomes and its mechanistic significance in unveiling the relationship between genetics, social environment, and lifestyles in shaping an individual’s health and elucidate health disparities. Lastly, I propose several avenues for future research.
A confirmatory factor analysis of a revised motives for playing drinking games (MPDG-33) scale among university students in the United States
Authors: Zamboanga Byron L , Newins Amie R , Olthuis Janine V , Merrill Jennifer E , Blumenthal Heidemarie , Kim Su Yeong , Grigsby Timothy J , McClain Patrick , McChargue Dennis , Cano Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim
Participating in a drinking game (DG) is common practice among university students and can increase students’ risk for heavy drinking. Given the theoretical link between motivations to drink and alcohol use, careful consideration should be given to students’ motivations to play DGs. In this study, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of a revised version of the motives for playing drinking games (MPDG) scale, the MPDG-33.

Methods
University students (n = 3345, Mage = 19.77 years, SDage = 1.53; 68.8% = women; 59.6% = White) from 12 U.S. universities completed a confidential online self-report survey that included the MPDG-33 and questions regarding their frequency of DG participation and typical drink consumption while playing DGs.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the 7-factor model fit the data adequately, and all items had statistically significant factor loadings on their predicted factor. All subscales had adequate to excellent internal consistency and were positively correlated with the frequency of DG participation and the typical number of drinks consumed while playing DGs (though the correlations were small).

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the MPDG-33 can be reliably used in research and clinical settings to assess U.S. university students’ motives for playing DGs.
Machine learning in time-lapse imaging to differentiate embryos from young vs old mice
Authors: Yang Liubin , Leynes Carolina , Pawelka Ashley , Lorenzo Isabel , Chou Andrew , Lee Brendan , Heaney Jason D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Time-lapse microscopy for embryos is a non-invasive technology used to characterize early embryo development. This study employs time-lapse microscopy and machine learning to elucidate changes in embryonic growth kinetics with maternal aging. We analyzed morphokinetic parameters of embryos from young and aged C57BL6/NJ mice via continuous imaging. Our findings show that aged embryos accelerated through cleavage stages (from 5-cells) to morula compared to younger counterparts, with no significant differences observed in later stages of blastulation. Unsupervised machine learning identified two distinct clusters comprising of embryos from aged or young donors. Moreover, in supervised learning, the extreme gradient boosting algorithm successfully predicted the age-related phenotype with 0.78 accuracy, 0.81 precision, and 0.83 recall following hyperparameter tuning. These results highlight two main scientific insights: maternal aging affects embryonic development pace, and artificial intelligence can differentiate between embryos from aged and young maternal mice by a non-invasive approach. Thus, machine learning can be used to identify morphokinetics phenotypes for further studies. This study has potential for future applications in selecting human embryos for embryo transfer, without or in complement with preimplantation genetic testing.
Earlier or Later? A Survival Analysis of Criminal Career and Contextual Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Homicide in Canada
Authors: Chopin Julien , Guay Jean-Pierre , Fortin Francis , Paquette Sarah , Péloquin Olivier , Chartrand Eric 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Intimate partner homicide (IPH) can be viewed as the ultimate result of a potential spectrum of violence that can occur between intimate or former partners. The goal of this study is to identify the criminal career and contextual indicators that precede IPH. This study utilized a database encompassing all criminal events documented by the police in the province of Quebec from 1990 to 2022. Cox regression models indicate that the violent assault in a non-IPV context, variety of criminal offenses and general lambda of crimes influence the likelihood of IPH offender criminal career survival. The results indicate a linear distribution of risk, highlighting the complexity of predicting IPH. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Killing Time: The Role of Boredom in Glasgow Gangs
Authors: Miller Johanne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Boredom may be one of the largest maladies of the modern world. A phenomenon which has increasingly become embedded in our social structures. Yet, as a concept within criminology there is a dearth of knowledge concerning it, despite the influence it has on offending and offending behaviours. Through a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodology with gangs in Glasgow, insights are shared, exploring how and in what ways boredom affects gang members and the strategies employed to alleviate it. This paper applies Svendsen’s (2005) existential definition of boredom and explores the concepts of temporality, meaning-making and agency as occurring at the nexus of boredom and excitement-seeking behaviours for Glasgow gang members.
Tumour budding as a risk factor for lymph node metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gil-Pallares Pedro , Gil-Pallares Maria Eugenia , Navarro-Bielsa Alba , Figueroa-Silva Olalla , Taboada-Paz Laura , Suárez-Peñaranda José Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Current staging systems have limitations in stratifying high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Tumour budding (TB) has emerged as a potential prognostic factor in various cancers.

Objectives
To evaluate the prognostic significance of TB in predicting lymph node metastases (NM) in cSCC.

Methods
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases was conducted. Studies investigating the association of TB using a 5-bud cutoff and NM in cSCC were included. A meta-analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR) to evaluate the association between TB and NM.

Results
Six retrospective studies comprising 793 patients with cSCC were included. The random-effects analysis showed a significant association between high TB (≥ 5 buds) and NM (OR = 13.29, 95% confidence interval 5.55–31.86).

Discussion
TB is a promising histopathological feature for predicting NM in cSCC. The results show a strong association between high TB and NM, supporting its utility as a risk factor for NM in cSCC. Its inclusion in clinical practice and cSCC staging might be helpful in the stratification of patients with high-risk cases and to guide optimal management strategies for each patient. However, further investigation is needed to determine standardized reporting guidelines for TB in cSCC.
Linguistic modulation of the neural encoding of phonemes
Authors: Kim Seung-Goo , De Martino Federico , Overath Tobias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Speech comprehension entails the neural mapping of the acoustic speech signal onto learned linguistic units. This acousto-linguistic transformation is bi-directional, whereby higher-level linguistic processes (e.g. semantics) modulate the acoustic analysis of individual linguistic units. Here, we investigated the cortical topography and linguistic modulation of the most fundamental linguistic unit, the phoneme. We presented natural speech and “phoneme quilts” (pseudo-randomly shuffled phonemes) in either a familiar (English) or unfamiliar (Korean) language to native English speakers while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging. This allowed us to dissociate the contribution of acoustic vs. linguistic processes toward phoneme analysis. We show that (i) the acoustic analysis of phonemes is modulated by linguistic analysis and (ii) that for this modulation, both of acoustic and phonetic information need to be incorporated. These results suggest that the linguistic modulation of cortical sensitivity to phoneme classes minimizes prediction error during natural speech perception, thereby aiding speech comprehension in challenging listening situations.
Learning from the best: how regional knowledge stimulates circular economy transition at company level
Authors: Meili Rahel , Stucki Tobias , Kissling-Näf Ingrid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates whether, and what kind of, regional knowledge has a stimulating effect on circular economy (CE) innovation by companies. We thus add to the literature on regional knowledge spillovers, which has rarely focussed explicitly on the CE. For the empirical study, we create econometric regressions based on a representative dataset with extensive information on the CE activities of about 1400 Swiss firms. The results confirm that regional knowledge is important for the implementation of CE innovations. However, geographical distance and the quality of the knowledge must be taken into account, that is, companies primarily learn from the best.
The predictive performance of the ANCA renal risk score in patients over 65 years of age with renal ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: de Berny Quentin , Diouf Momar , Mesbah Rafik , Quemeneur Thomas , Lebas Céline , Guerrot Dominique , Hachulla Eric , Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Cordonnier Carole , Francois Arnaud , Gueutin Victor , Choukroun Gabriel , Titeca-Beauport Dimitri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) renal risk score (ARRS) for predicting renal survival in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) had not previously been validated in adults over 65 years of age and presenting impairments associated with an aging kidney, a high cardiovascular comorbidity burden, and prevalent microscopic polyangiitis.

Methods
We retrospectively studied a cohort of 192 patients over 65 years of age (median [interquartile range] age: 73 [68; 78]), including 17.2% with renal-limited vasculitis, 49.5% with microscopic polyangiitis and 33.3% with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, at six centres of northern France. The primary study endpoint was the cumulative incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD, maintenance of dialysis for at least 3 months) at 12 months, with death considered as a competing event.

Results
The median serum creatinine concentration at diagnosis was 300 [202; 502] µmol/L, and 48 (25.0%) patients required dialysis at presentation. The ARRS was high in 43 (22.4%) patients, medium in 106 (55.2%), and low in 43 (22.4%). The cumulative incidence of ESKD at 12 months was 0% in the low-risk group, 13.0% [7.6–20.0] in the medium-risk group, and 44.0% [29.0–58.0] in the high-risk group (p &lt; 0.001). In the subgroup of 149 patients presenting a medium or high score, the ARRS had a C-index of 0.66 [0.58–0.74] for the prediction of ESKD at 12 months; this rose to 0.86 [0.80–0.90] when dialysis status at diagnosis was included.

Conclusion
The ARRS was a poor predictor of kidney survival at 12 months among patients over 65 years of age with renal AAV involvement—especially in the high ARRS group. The addition of dialysis status at diagnosis as an additional clinical parameter might improve the ARRS's predictive performance.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the yeast Lodderomyces beijingensis reveals the genetic nature of metabolic adaptations and identifies subtelomeres as hotspots for amplification of mating type loci
Authors: Brejová Broňa , Hodorová Viktória , Mutalová Sofia , Cillingová Andrea , Tomáška Ľubomír , Vinař Tomáš , Nosek Jozef 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lodderomyces beijingensis is an ascosporic ascomycetous yeast. In contrast to related species Lodderomyces elongisporus, which is a recently emerging human pathogen, L. beijingensis is associated with insects. To provide an insight into its genetic makeup, we investigated the genome of its type strain, CBS 14171. We demonstrate that this yeast is diploid and describe the high contiguity nuclear genome assembly consisting of eight chromosome-sized contigs with a total size of about 15.1 Mbp. We find that the genome sequence contains multiple copies of the mating type loci and codes for essential components of the mating pheromone response pathway, however, the missing orthologs of several genes involved in the meiotic program raise questions about the mode of sexual reproduction. We also show that L. beijingensis genome codes for the 3-oxoadipate pathway enzymes, which allow the assimilation of protocatechuate. In contrast, the GAL gene cluster underwent a decay resulting in an inability of L. beijingensis to utilize galactose. Moreover, we find that the 56.5 kbp long mitochondrial DNA is structurally similar to known linear mitochondrial genomes terminating on both sides with covalently closed single-stranded hairpins. Finally, we discovered a new double-stranded RNA mycovirus from the Totiviridae family and characterized its genome sequence.
Interventricular septal thickness on cardiac computed tomography as a novel risk factor for conduction disturbances in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Schamroth Pravda Nili , Shaleve Yonatan , Plakht Ygal , Shafir Gideon , Grinberg Tzil , Wiessman Maya , Aviv Yaron , Vaknin Assa Hana , Codner Pablo , Golovchiner Gregory , Barsheshet Alon , Kornowski Ran , Shiyovich Arthur , Hamdan Ashraf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
We examined whether thickness of the basal muscular interventricular septum (IVS), as measured by pre-procedural computed tomography (CT), could be used to identify the risk of conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The IVS is a pivotal region of the electrical conduction system of the heart where the atrioventricular conduction axis is located.

Methods and results
Included were 78 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent CT imaging prior to TAVR. The thickness of muscular IVS was measured in the coronal view, in systolic phases, at 1, 2, 5, and 10 mm below the membranous septum (MS). The primary endpoint was a composite of conduction disturbance following TAVR. Conduction disturbances occurred in 24 out of 78 patients (30.8%). Those with conduction disturbances were significantly more likely to have a thinner IVS than those without conduction disturbances at every measured IVS level (2.98 ± 0.52 mm vs. 3.38 ± 0.52 mm, 4.10 ± 1.02 mm vs. 4.65 ± 0.78 mm, 6.11 ± 1.12 mm vs. 6.88 ± 1.03 mm, and 9.72 ± 1.95 mm vs. 10.70 ± 1.55 mm for 1, 2, 5 and 10 mm below MS, respectively, P &lt; 0.05 for all). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pre-procedural IVS thickness (&lt;4 mm at 2 mm below the MS) was a significant independent predictor of post-procedural conduction disturbance (adjOR 7.387, 95% CI: 2.003–27.244, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Pre-procedural CT assessment of basal IVS thickness is a novel predictive marker for the risk of conduction disturbances following TAVR. The IVS thickness potentially acts as an anatomical barrier protecting the underlying conduction system from mechanical compression during TAVR.
Unbalanced predatory communities and a lack of microbial degraders characterize the microbiota of a highly sewage-polluted Eastern-Mediterranean stream
Authors: Cohen Yossi , Johnke Julia , Abed-Rabbo Alfred , Pasternak Zohar , Chatzinotas Antonis , Jurkevitch Edouard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wastewater pollution of water resources takes a heavy toll on humans and on the environment. In highly polluted water bodies, self-purification is impaired, as the capacity of the riverine microbes to regenerate the ecosystem is overwhelmed. To date, information on the composition, dynamics and functions of the microbial communities in highly sewage-impacted rivers is limited, in particular in arid and semi-arid environments. In this year-long study of the highly sewage-impacted Al-Nar/Kidron stream in the Barr al-Khalil/Judean Desert east of Jerusalem, we show, using 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based community analysis and targeted qPCR, that both the bacterial and micro-eukaryotic communities, while abundant, exhibited low stability and diversity. Hydrolyzers of organics compounds, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus recyclers were lacking, pointing at reduced potential for regeneration. Furthermore, facultative bacterial predators were almost absent, and the obligate predators Bdellovibrio and like organisms were found at very low abundance. Finally, the micro-eukaryotic predatory community differed from those of other freshwater environments. The lack of essential biochemical functions may explain the stream's inability to self-purify, while the very low levels of bacterial predators and the disturbed assemblages of micro-eukaryote predators present in Al-Nar/Kidron may contribute to community instability and disfunction.
Comparison of PetrifilmTM AC and pour plate techniques used for the heterotrophic aerobic bacterial count in water
Authors: Mkhwanazi Faith , Mazibuko Tshilidzi , Mosoma Olivia , Rathebe Malefaso , Patel Mrudula 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria are commonly found in water samples. While these Heterotrophic Bacterial/Plate Counts (HPC) do not necessarily indicate a health hazard, high counts provide a good indication of the efficiency of water disinfection and integrity of distribution systems. The aim of this study was to compare the PetrifimTM AC method to the pour plate technique for the testing of HPC in water samples. Artificially contaminated (192 samples) and natural water samples (25) were processed using two methods. Both methods accurately detected high, medium and low counts of HPC, producing average Z scores between −2 and +2. Paired-wise student t-test and correlation coefficient showed nonsignificant differences between the results of two methods. Acceptable repeatability and reproducibility was obtained using both the methods. Uncertainty of measurement for PetrifilmTM AC and pour plate method was found to be 2.9% and 5.4%, respectively. PetrifilmTM AC proved to be robust at 33°C and 37°C. In conclusion, PetrifimTM AC, which is easy to process, read, and less time consuming, proved to be comparable to the conventional pour plate method in establishing HPC in water. In addition, PetrifimTM AC requires less space for the processing and incubation, generate small volume of waste for disposal, and requires no equipment, except for the incubator.