bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TP53 Mutation Is Frequently Associated With CTNNB1 Mutation or MYCN Amplification and Is Compatible With Long-Term Survival in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Pfaff Elke , Remke Marc , Sturm Dominik , Benner Axel , Witt Hendrik , Milde Till , von Bueren André O. , Wittmann Andrea , Schöttler Anna , Jorch Norbert , Graf Norbert , Kulozik Andreas E. , Witt Olaf , Scheurlen Wolfram , von Deimling Andreas , Rutkowski Stefan , Taylor Michael D. , Tabori Uri , Lichter Peter , Korshunov Andrey , Pfister Stefan M. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose The role of TP53 mutations in the tumorigenesis of sporadic medulloblastoma (MB) and the value of TP53 mutation status as a prognostic marker are not yet definitely elucidated. A recent report identified TP53 mutations in MB as an adverse prognostic marker. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the prognostic role of TP53 mutation in MB and to understand its contribution to tumorigenesis. Methods A comprehensive genetic analysis of 310 MB samples was performed by screening for TP53 mutations and further relating the TP53 mutation status to p53 immunostaining, cytogenetic aberrations, and clinical variables. Results Mutation analysis of TP53 revealed mutations in 21 (6.8%) of 310 samples. Germline TP53 mutations were found in two patients with a history suggestive of a hereditary cancer syndrome. TP53 mutation status was not associated with unfavorable prognosis (P = .63) and was not linked to 17p allelic loss but was over-represented in the prognostically favorable WNT subgroup of MB as defined by CTNNB1 mutation (seven of 35 TP53-mutated tumors v 14 of 271 TP53 wild-type tumors; P = .005) and in tumors carrying high-level MYCN amplification (seven of 21 TP53-mutated tumors v 14 of 282 TP53 wild-type tumors; P = .001). Conclusion The contradictory results in the recent literature concerning the prognostic value of TP53 mutation might be explained by different frequencies of WNT MBs, different frequencies of patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and different cumulative doses of alkylating drugs applied in these studies.
Predicting Language Outcomes at 4 Years of Age: Findings From Early Language in Victoria Study
Authors: Reilly Sheena , Wake Melissa , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Bavin Edith , Prior Margot , Cini Eileen , Conway Laura , Eadie Patricia , Bretherton Lesley 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:To quantify the contributions of child, family, and environmental predictors to language ability at 4 years.METHODS:A longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 1910 infants recruited at 8 months in Melbourne, Australia. Predictors were child gender, prematurity, birth weight and order, multiple birth, socioeconomic status, maternal mental health, vocabulary, education, and age at child's birth, non–English-speaking background, and family history of speech/language difficulties. Outcomes were Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, language scores, low language status (scores &gt;1.25 SDs below the mean), and specific language impairment (SLI) (scores &gt;1.25 SDs below the mean for children with normal nonverbal performance).RESULTS:A total of 1596 children provided outcome data. Twelve baseline predictors explained 18.9% and 20.9% of the variation in receptive and expressive scores, respectively, increasing to 23.6% and 30.4% with the addition of late talking status at age 2. A total of 20.6% of children (324 of 1573 children) met the criteria for low language status and 17.2% (251 of 1462 children) for SLI. Family history of speech/language problems and low maternal education levels and socioeconomic status predicted adverse language outcomes. The combined predictors discriminated only moderately between children with and without low language levels or SLIs (area under the curve: 0.72–0.76); this improved with the addition of late talking status (area under the curve: 0.78–0.84).CONCLUSIONS:Measures of social disadvantage helped explain more variation in outcomes at 4 years than at 2 years, but ability to predict low language status and SLI status remained limited.
Malnutrition and Helminth Infection Affect Performance of an Interferon γ–Release Assay
Authors: Thomas Tania A. , Mondal Dinesh , Noor Zannatun , Liu Lei , Alam Masud , Haque Rashidul , Banu Sayera , Sun Haiyan , Peterson Kristine M. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:We sought to compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-IT) and assess the effects of malnourishment and intestinal helminth infection on QFT-IT results.METHODS:In this population-based cross-sectional study from Dhaka, Bangladesh, we screened children for latent tuberculosis infection with the QFT-IT and TST. We assess the agreement between the TST and QFT-IT, risk factors associated with indeterminate QFT-IT results, and magnitude of interferon γ (IFN-γ) production.RESULTS:Three hundred and two children (aged 11–15.3 years) were enrolled, including 93 (30.8%) who were malnourished. Of 251 participants who provided stool samples, 117 (46.6%) were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura. TST results were positive (≥10 mm) for 101 (33.4%) children and negative for 201 (66.6%) children. QFT-IT results were positive for 107 (35.4%) children, negative for 121 (40.1%) children, and indeterminate for 74 (24.5%) children. Agreement between the tests was moderate (κ = 0.55 [95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.65]; P &lt; .0001) when excluding indeterminate results. Children with indeterminate QFT-IT results were separately compared with children with positive and negative QFT-IT results; malnutrition (P = .0006 and .0003), and helminth infection (P = .05 and .02), and the statistical interaction between these 2 terms (P = .03 and .004) were associated with indeterminate results. Higher levels of IFN-γ in response to tuberculosis antigens were associated with positive TST results (P &lt; .0001); lower levels were associated with malnutrition (P = .02).CONCLUSIONS:Malnutrition and helminth infections were associated with indeterminate QFT-IT results. Therefore, the presence of such conditions may limit the interpretability of QFT-IT results in children.
Observation of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, larvae in young apple fruit by dedicated micro-magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Koizumi Mika , Ihara Fumio , Yaginuma Katsuhiko , Kano Hiromi , Haishi Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Infestation of young apple fruits by the larvae of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), was studied by a small dedicated micro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus using the three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo method and the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spin-echo methods. Changes from a young larva at 1.8 mm in length to a mature one ready to leave the fruit were observed in relation to the progression of infestation of the fruit tissues. The trace of larva intrusion was demonstrated by a series of sliced images in the 3D image data of an infested fruit, where it entered from outside the calyx, and migrated to near the vasculature around the carpel through the core. The small, dedicated MRI device was proven useful for ecological studies of the growth and movement of insect larvae in their food fruits. It can also be applied to detect the infestation of small fruits by insect larvae.
Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial
Authors: Anderson Robert J. , Bahn Gideon D. , Moritz Thomas E. , Kaufman Derrick , Abraira Carlos , Duckworth William ,   for the VADT Study Group
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE
Blood pressure ranges associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in advanced type 2 diabetes are not clear. Our objective was to determine whether baseline and follow-up (On-Study) systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and SBP combined with DBP predict CVD events in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants in the VADT (n = 1,791) with hypertension received stepped treatment to maintain blood pressure below the target of 130/80 mmHg in standard and intensive glycemic treatment groups. Blood pressure levels of all subjects at baseline and On-Study were analyzed to detect associations with CVD risk. The primary outcome was the time from randomization to the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, surgery for vascular disease, inoperable coronary disease, amputation for ischemic gangrene, or CVD death.

RESULTS
Separated SBP ≥140 mmHg had significant risk at baseline (hazards ratio [HR] 1.508, P &lt; 0.001) and On-Study (HR 1.469, P = 0.002). DBP &lt;70 mmHg increased CVD events at baseline (HR 1.482, P &lt; 0.001) and On-Study (HR 1.491, P &lt; 0.001). Combined blood pressure categories indicated high risk for CVD events for SBP ≥140 with DBP &lt;70 mmHg at baseline (HR 1.785, P = 0.03) and On-Study (HR 2.042, P = 0.003) and nearly all SBP with DBP &lt;70 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased risk of CVD events with SBP ≥140 mmHg emphasizes the urgency for treatment of systolic hypertension. Increased risk with DBP &lt;70 mmHg, even when combined with SBP in guideline-recommended target ranges, supports a new finding in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results emphasize that DBP &lt;70 mmHg in these patients was associated with elevated CVD risk and may best be avoided.
TLR9 Is Actively Recruited to Aspergillus fumigatus Phagosomes and Requires the N-Terminal Proteolytic Cleavage Domain for Proper Intracellular Trafficking
Authors: Kasperkovitz Pia V. , Cardenas Michael L. , Vyas Jatin M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA and induces innate immune responses. TLR9 activation is a multistep process requiring proteolytic cleavage and trafficking to endolysosomal compartments for ligand-induced signaling. However, the rules that govern the dynamic subcellular trafficking for TLR9 after pathogen uptake have not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induced drastic spatial redistribution of TLR9 to the phagosomal membrane of A. fumigatus-containing phagosomes but not to bead-containing phagosomes in murine macrophages. Specific TLR9 recruitment to the fungal phagosome was consistent using A. fumigatus spores at different germination stages and selected mutants affecting the display of Ags on the fungal cell surface. Spatiotemporal regulation of TLR9 compartmentalization to the A. fumigatus phagosome was independent of TLR2, TLR4, and downstream TLR signaling. Our data demonstrate that the TLR9 N-terminal proteolytic cleavage domain was critical for successful intracellular trafficking and accumulation of TLR9 in CpG-containing compartments and A. fumigatus phagosomal membranes. Our study provides evidence for a model in which A. fumigatus spore phagocytosis by macrophages specifically induces TLR9 recruitment to A. fumigatus phagosomes and may thereby mediate TLR9-induced antifungal innate immune responses.
Semen Protects CD4+ Target Cells from HIV Infection but Promotes the Preferential Transmission of R5 Tropic HIV
Authors: Balandya Emmanuel , Sheth Siddharth , Sanders Katherine , Wieland-Alter Wendy , Lahey Timothy 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Sexual intercourse is the major means of HIV transmission, yet the impact of semen on HIV infection of CD4+ T cells remains unclear. To resolve this conundrum, we measured CD4+ target cell infection with X4 tropic HIV IIIB and HC4 and R5 tropic HIV BaL and SF162 after incubation with centrifuged seminal plasma (SP) from HIV-negative donors and assessed the impact of SP on critical determinants of target cell susceptibility to HIV infection. We found that SP potently protects CD4+ T cells from infection with X4 and R5 tropic HIV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SP caused a diminution in CD4+ T cell surface expression of the HIVR CD4 and enhanced surface expression of the HIV coreceptor CCR5. Consequently, SP protected CD4+ T cells from infection with R5 tropic HIV less potently than it protected CD4+ T cells from infection with X4 tropic HIV. SP also reduced CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation, and the magnitude of SP-mediated suppression of target cell CD4 expression, activation, and proliferation correlated closely with the magnitude of the protection of CD4+ T cells from infection with HIV. Taken together, these data show that semen protects CD4+ T cells from HIV infection by restricting critical determinants of CD4+ target cell susceptibility to HIV infection. Further, semen contributes to the selective transmission of R5 tropic HIV to CD4+ target cells.
Frequency and Location of Head Impact Exposures in Individual Collegiate Football Players
Authors: Crisco Joseph J. , Fiore Russell , Beckwith Jonathan G. , Chu Jeffrey J. , Brolinson Per Gunnar , Duma Stefan , McAllister Thomas W. , Duhaime Ann-Christine , Greenwald Richard M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Context:
Measuring head impact exposure is a critical step toward understanding the mechanism and prevention of sport-related mild traumatic brain (concussion) injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts.

Objective:
To quantify the frequency and location of head impacts that individual players received in 1 season among 3 collegiate teams, between practice and game sessions, and among player positions.

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
Collegiate football field.

Patients or Other Participants:
One hundred eighty-eight players from 3 National Collegiate Athletic Association football teams.

Intervention(s):
Participants wore football helmets instrumented with an accelerometer-based system during the 2007 fall season.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The number of head impacts greater than 10g and location of the impacts on the player's helmet were recorded and analyzed for trends and interactions among teams (A, B, or C), session types, and player positions using Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results:
The total number of impacts players received was nonnormally distributed and varied by team, session type, and player position. The maximum number of head impacts for a single player on each team was 1022 (team A), 1412 (team B), and 1444 (team C). The median number of head impacts on each team was 4.8 (team A), 7.5 (team B), and 6.6 (team C) impacts per practice and 12.1 (team A), 14.6 (team B), and 16.3 (team C) impacts per game. Linemen and linebackers had the largest number of impacts per practice and per game. Offensive linemen had a higher percentage of impacts to the front than to the back of the helmet, whereas quarterbacks had a higher percentage to the back than to the front of the helmet.

Conclusions:
The frequency of head impacts and the location on the helmet where the impacts occur are functions of player position and session type. These data provide a basis for quantifying specific head impact exposure for studies related to understanding the biomechanics and clinical aspects of concussion injury, as well as the possible effects of repeated subconcussive impacts in football.
Emergency Face-Mask Removal Effectiveness: A Comparison of Traditional and Nontraditional Football Helmet Face-Mask Attachment Systems
Authors: Swartz Erik E. , Belmore Keith , Decoster Laura C. , Armstrong Charles W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Context:
Football helmet face-mask attachment design changes might affect the effectiveness of face-mask removal.

Objective:
To compare the efficiency of face-mask removal between newly designed and traditional football helmets.

Design:
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:
Applied biomechanics laboratory.

Participants:
Twenty-five certified athletic trainers.

Intervention(s):
The independent variable was face-mask attachment system on 5 levels: (1) Revolution IQ with Quick Release (QR), (2) Revolution IQ with Quick Release hardware altered (QRAlt), (3) traditional (Trad), (4) traditional with hardware altered (TradAlt), and (5) ION 4D (ION). Participants removed face masks using a cordless screwdriver with a back-up cutting tool or only the cutting tool for the ION. Investigators altered face-mask hardware to unexpectedly challenge participants during removal for traditional and Revolution IQ helmets. Participants completed each condition twice in random order and were blinded to hardware alteration.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Removal success, removal time, helmet motion, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Time and 3-dimensional helmet motion were recorded. If the face mask remained attached at 3 minutes, the trial was categorized as unsuccessful. Participants rated each trial for level of difficulty (RPE). We used repeated-measures analyses of variance (α  =  .05) with follow-up comparisons to test for differences.

Results:
Removal success was 100% (48 of 48) for QR, Trad, and ION; 97.9% (47 of 48) for TradAlt; and 72.9% (35 of 48) for QRAlt. Differences in time for face-mask removal were detected (F4,20  =  48.87, P  =  .001), with times ranging from 33.96 ± 14.14 seconds for QR to 99.22 ± 20.53 seconds for QRAlt. Differences were found in range of motion during face-mask removal (F4,20  =  16.25, P  =  .001), with range of motion from 10.10° ± 3.07° for QR to 16.91° ± 5.36° for TradAlt. Differences also were detected in RPE during face-mask removal (F4,20  =  43.20, P  =  .001), with participants reporting average perceived difficulty ranging from 1.44 ± 1.19 for QR to 3.68 ± 1.70 for TradAlt.

Conclusions:
The QR and Trad trials resulted in superior results. When trials required cutting loop straps, results deteriorated.
Time to Stabilization of Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Versus Healthy Knees in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Athletes
Authors: Webster Kathryn A. , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Context:
Jump landing is a common activity in collegiate activities, such as women's basketball, volleyball, and soccer, and is a common mechanism for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It is important to better understand how athletes returning to competition after ACL reconstruction are able to maintain dynamic postural control during a jump landing.

Objective:
To use time to stabilization (TTS) to measure differences in dynamic postural control during jump landing in ACL-reconstructed (ACLR) knees compared with healthy knees among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
University athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-four Division I female basketball, volleyball, and soccer players volunteered and were assigned to the healthy control group (n  =  12) or the ACLR knee group (n  =  12). Participants with ACLR knees were matched to participants with healthy knees by sport and by similar age, height, and mass.

Intervention(s):
At 1 session, participants performed a single-leg landing task for both limbs. They were instructed to stabilize as quickly as possible in a single-limb stance and remain as motionless as possible for 10 seconds.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The anterior-posterior TTS and medial-lateral TTS ground reaction force data were used to calculate resultant vector of the TTS (RVTTS) during a jump landing. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to determine group differences on RVTTS. The means and SDs from the participants' 10 trials in each leg were used for the analyses.

Results:
The ACLR group (2.01 ± 0.15 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  1.91, 2.10) took longer to stabilize than the control group (1.90 ± 0.07 seconds, 95% CI  =  1.86, 1.95) (F1,22  =  4.28, P  =  .05). This result was associated with a large effect size and a 95% CI that did not cross zero (Cohen d  =  1.0, 95% CI  =  0.91, 1.09).

Conclusions:
Although they were Division I female athletes at an average of 2.5 years after ACL reconstruction, participants with ACLR knees demonstrated dynamic postural-control deficits as evidenced by their difficulty in controlling ground reaction forces. This increased TTS measurement might contribute to the established literature reflecting differences in single-limb dynamic control. Clinicians might need to focus rehabilitation efforts on stabilization after jump landing. Further research is needed to determine if TTS is a contributing factor in future injury.
Gastric Emptying After Pickle-Juice Ingestion in Rested, Euhydrated Humans
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Mack Gary W. , Knight Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractContext:Small volumes of pickle juice (PJ) relieve muscle cramps within 85 seconds of ingestion without significantly affecting plasma variables. This effect may be neurologic rather than metabolic. Understanding PJ's gastric emptying would help to strengthen this theory.Objective:To compare gastric emptying and plasma variables after PJ and deionized water (DIW) ingestion.Design:Crossover study.Setting:Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Ten men (age  =  25.4 ± 0.7 years, height  =  177.1 ± 1.6 cm, mass  =  78.1 ± 3.6 kg).Intervention(s):Rested, euhydrated, and eunatremic participants ingested 7 mL·kg−1 body mass of PJ or DIW on separate days.Main Outcome Measure(s):Gastric volume was measured at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes postingestion (using the phenol red dilution technique). Percentage changes in plasma volume and plasma sodium concentration were measured preingestion (−45 minutes) and at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes postingestion.Results:Initial gastric volume was 624.5 ± 27.4 mL for PJ and 659.5 ± 43.8 mL for DIW (P &gt; .05). Both fluids began to empty within the first 5 minutes (volume emptied: PJ  =  219.2 ± 39.1 mL, DIW  =  305.0 ± 40.5 mL, P &lt; .05). Participants who ingested PJ did not empty further after the first 5 minutes (P &gt; .05), whereas in those who ingested DIW, gastric volume decreased to 111.6 ± 39.9 mL by 30 minutes (P &lt; .05). The DIW group emptied faster than the PJ group between 20 and 30 minutes postingestion (P &lt; .05). Within 5 minutes of PJ ingestion, plasma volume decreased 4.8% ± 1.6%, whereas plasma sodium concentration increased 1.6 ± 0.5 mmol·L−1 (P &lt; .05). Similar changes occurred after DIW ingestion. Calculated plasma sodium content was unchanged for both fluids (P &gt; .05).Conclusions:The initial decrease in gastric volume with both fluids is likely attributable to gastric distension. Failure of the PJ group to empty afterward is likely due to PJ's osmolality and acidity. Cardiovascular reflexes resulting from gastric distension are likely responsible for the plasma volume shift and rise in plasma sodium concentration despite nonsignificant changes in plasma sodium content. These data support our theory that PJ does not relieve cramps via a metabolic mechanism.