bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Resistance Training Protocols, 6RM versus 12RM, to Increase the 1RM in Healthy Young Adults. A Single‐Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aarskog Reidar , Wisnes Alexander , Wilhelmsen Kjersti , Skogen Aud , Bjordal Jan Magnus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to compare the effect in healthy young adults of two resistance training protocols, six‐repetition maximum (RM) versus 12RM on maximum strength (1RM).MethodA single‐blind, randomized controlled trial was used in the study. Sixty‐two healthy physical therapy students, with age (mean [+standard deviation]) 23 (+2.6) years, weight 67.4 (+11.7) kg and height 171.7 (+8.4) cm, of both genders who were recreationally active, but not training systematically, volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomized into two groups (group 1: 24 women and 8 men; group 2: 23 women and 7 men) by a block randomization procedure that ensured equal gender distribution. Sealed envelopes were used to conceal allocation to groups.InterventionsGroup 1 did three sets of 6RM of each exercise, and group 2 did three sets of 12RM. Both groups performed the exercises twice per week for 8 weeks with 3 minutes rest between sets and exercises. Primary outcomes were maximum strength defined as one‐repetition maximum squat (1RMSq) for lower‐body strength and bench press (1RMBp) for upper‐body strength. Secondary outcomes were body weight and Uro Kaleva Kekkonen (UKK) Fitness Index.ResultsBoth groups increased strength significantly (p < 0.001) in 1RMSq (6RM 13.6%, 12RM 13.5%) and 1RMBp (6RM 9.2%, 12RM 8.4%). There was no significant difference in the change between the two groups, no change in body weight and only a small increase in UKK Fitness Index.ConclusionBoth 6RM and 12RM training protocols improve maximum strength in recreationally active healthy young adults, with no significant difference between the protocols. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein unfolding and degradation by the AAA+ Lon protease
Authors: Gur Eyal , Vishkautzan Marina , Sauer Robert T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAAA+ proteases employ a hexameric ring that harnesses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to unfold native substrates and translocate the unfolded polypeptide into an interior compartment for degradation. What determines the ability of different AAA+ enzymes to unfold and thus degrade different native protein substrates is currently uncertain. Here, we explore the ability of the E. coli Lon protease to unfold and degrade model protein substrates beginning at N‐terminal, C‐terminal, or internal degrons. Lon has historically been viewed as a weak unfoldase, but we demonstrate robust and processive unfolding/degradation of some substrates with very stable protein domains, including mDHFR and titinI27. For some native substrates, Lon is a more active unfoldase than related AAA+ proteases, including ClpXP and ClpAP. For other substrates, this relationship is reversed. Thus, unfolding activity does not appear to be an intrinsic enzymatic property. Instead, it depends on the specific protease and substrate, suggesting that evolution has diversified rather than optimized the protein unfolding activities of different AAA+ proteases.
Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropionate‐dependent demethylase from the marine organism Pelagabacter ubique
Authors: Schuller David J. , Reisch Chris R. , Moran Mary Ann , Whitman William B. , Lanzilotta William N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a ubiquitous algal metabolite and common carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. DMSP is a precursor for the climatically active gas dimethylsulfide that is readily oxidized to sulfate, sulfur dioxide, methanesulfonic acid, and other products that act as cloud condensation nuclei. Although the environmental importance of DMSP metabolism has been known for some time, the enzyme responsible for DMSP demethylation by marine bacterioplankton, dimethylsufoniopropionate‐dependent demethylase A (DmdA, EC 2.1.1.B5), has only recently been identified and biochemically characterized. In this work, we report the structure for the apoenzyme DmdA from Pelagibacter ubique (2.1 Å), as well as for DmdA co‐crystals soaked with substrate DMSP (1.6 Å) or the cofactor tetrahydrofolate (THF) (1.6 Å). Surprisingly, the overall fold of the DmdA is not similar to other enzymes that typically utilize the reduced form of THF and in fact is a triple domain structure similar to what has been observed for the glycine cleavage T protein or sarcosine oxidase. Specifically, while the THF binding fold appears conserved, previous biochemical studies have shown that all enzymes with a similar fold produce 5,10‐methylene‐THF, while DmdA catalyzes a redox‐neutral methyl transfer reaction to produce 5‐methyl‐THF. On the basis of the findings presented herein and the available biochemical data, we outline a mechanism for a redox‐neutral methyl transfer reaction that is novel to this conserved THF binding domain.
Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐AAG inhibits progression of LuCaP35 xenograft prostate tumors to castration resistance
Authors: O'Malley Katherine J. , Langmann Gabrielle , Ai Junkui , Ramos‐Garcia Raquel , Vessella Robert L. , Wang Zhou 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced prostate cancer is currently treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT initially results in tumor regression; however, all patients eventually relapse with castration‐resistant prostate cancer. New approaches to delay the progression of prostate cancer to castration resistance are in desperate need. This study addresses whether targeting Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulation of androgen receptor (AR) can inhibit prostate cancer progression to castration resistance.METHODSThe HSP90 inhibitor 17‐AAG was injected intraperitoneally into nude mice bearing LuCaP35 xenograft tumors to determine the effect of HSP90 inhibition on prostate cancer progression to castration resistance and host survival.RESULTSAdministration of 17‐AAG maintained androgen‐sensitivity, delayed the progression of LuCaP35 xenograft tumors to castration resistance, and prolonged the survival of host. In addition, 17‐AAG prevented nuclear localization of endogenous AR in LuCaP35 xenograft tumors in castrated nude mice.CONCLUSIONSTargeting Hsp90 or the mechanism by which HSP90 regulates androgen‐independent AR nuclear localization and activation may lead to new approaches to prevent and/or treat castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 72:1117–1123, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Epigenetic promise for prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Van Neste Leander , Herman James G , Otto Gaëtan , Bigley Joseph W , Epstein Jonathan I , Van Criekinge Wim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in men and a leading cause of death. Improvements in disease management would have a significant impact and could be facilitated by the development of biomarkers, whether for diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive purposes. The blood‐based prostate biomarker PSA has been part of clinical practice for over two decades, although it is surrounded by controversy. While debates of usefulness are ongoing, alternatives should be explored. Particularly with recent recommendations against routine PSA‐testing, the time is ripe to explore promising biomarkers to yield a more efficient and accurate screening for detection and management of prostate cancer. Epigenetic changes, more specifically DNA methylation, are amongst the most common alterations in human cancer. These changes are associated with transcriptional silencing of genes, leading to an altered cellular biology.METHODSOne gene in particular, GSTP1, has been widely studied in prostate cancer. Therefore a meta‐analysis has been conducted to examine the role of this and other genes and the potential contribution to prostate cancer management and screening refinement.RESULTSMore than 30 independent, peer reviewed studies have reported a consistently high sensitivity and specificity of GSTP1 hypermethylation in prostatectomy or biopsy tissue. The meta‐analysis combined and compared these results.CONCLUSIONSGSTP1 methylation detection can serve an important role in prostate cancer managment. The meta‐analysis clearly confirmed a link between tissue DNA hypermethylation of this and other genes and prostate cancer. Detection of DNA methylation in genes, including GSTP1, could serve an important role in clinical practice. Prostate 72:1248–1261, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MiR‐146a suppresses tumor growth and progression by targeting EGFR pathway and in a p‐ERK‐dependent manner in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Ning , Wang Xuhui , Tong Na , Shao Ning , Tao Jun , Li Pengchao , Niu Xiaobing , Feng Ninghan , Zhang Lihua , Hua Lixin , Wang Zengjun , Chen Ming 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in elder men. This disease has limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis as the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. Given the emerging roles of microRNA (miRNA) as a key regulator, we postulated that miRNA may play a significant role in CRPC formation.METHODSmiR‐146a levels in 15 androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) tissues and 5 CRPC tissues were measured by qRT‐PCR. Effects of miR‐146a in cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo were evaluated by MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell migratory assay, and tumor formation assay, respectively.RESULTSwe found that miR‐146a expression was significantly decreased in CRPC tissues compared to ADPC tissues. Functional analyses showed that ectopic overexpression of miR‐146a in androgen‐independent cell lines not only inhibited cell growth, colony formation, and migration in vitro, but also reduced tumorigenicity and angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR‐146a repressed the expression of EGFR through binding to its 3′‐untranslated region. Also, miR‐146a inhibited the expression of MMP2, one of the most important genes in tumor progression. Moreover, downregulation of p‐ERK expression significantly abrogated miR‐146a‐induced prostate cancer cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that ubiquitous loss of miR‐146a is a critical mechanism for overexpression of EGFR in CRPC, which is crucial to better understanding the pathogenesis of CRPC. Prostate 72:1171–1178, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of 5α‐reductase inhibitor use and pathological features of prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hong Sung Kyu , Oh Jong Jin , Lee Sangchul , Lee Hak Min , Byun Seok‐Soo , Choe Gheeyoung , Lee Sang Eun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe investigated the association of 5α‐reductase inhibitor (5‐ARI) treatment with pathologic and biochemical outcome among the contemporary prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.METHODSWe reviewed records of 1,204 men who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2003 to 2010. We estimated association of 5‐ARI use with high (≥7) pathologic Gleason score and pathologically nonorgan‐confined disease (≥pT3) via logistic regression, and biochemical outcome via Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTSOf 1,204 patients, 50 (4.2%) reported having history 5‐ARI treatment before radical prostatectomy. Median duration of 5‐ARI treatment among the 50 patients was 23.0 months. When adjusted for various factors including age, body mass index, prostate‐specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason, and prostate volume, history of 5‐ARI treatment was revealed to be significantly associated with high (≥7) pathologic Gleason score (P = 0.015). Also, 5‐ARI use was observed to significantly associated with higher rates of extraprostatic extension of tumor (P = 0.005) and seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.003), respectively, when adjusted for same variables. However, 5‐ARI use was not demonstrated to be a significant preoperative predictor of biochemical recurrence‐free survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.528).CONCLUSIONSOur results showed 5‐ARI treatment may be associated with more aggressive PCa demonstrating higher pathologic Gleason score and advanced pathologic tumor stage in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. However, further investigations via larger‐scale, prospective studies would be needed on the actual effect of 5‐ARI treatment on PCa‐specific morbidity and mortality. Prostate 72:1187–1192, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of low‐resistance and thermally stable Ohmic contacts to laser lift‐off prepared N‐polar n‐GaN
Authors: Deng Junjing , Chen Zhizhong , Wang Suyuan , Yu Feng , Qi Shengli , Yu Tongjun , Zhang Guoyi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the electrical charateristics of Ti/Al and (Ga)Ti/Al contacts to N‐polar n‐GaN were investigated. Both as‐deposited and 800 °C‐annealed Ti/Al contacts to N‐polar n‐GaN exhibited Ohmic behavior. However, the as‐deposited Ti/Al Ohmic contacts suffered from electrial degradation even annealed at a low temperature. Based on x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy results, this is attributed to the outdiffusion of Ga. And the introduction of Ga metal at the interface could serve as a diffusion barrier to the outdiffusion of Ga atoms from GaN, which improves the performance of the (Ga)Ti/Al Ohmic contacts to N‐polar GaN and enhances the thermal stability of contacts (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly n‐type doped InGaN films for efficient direct solar hydrogen generation
Authors: Mauder C. , Tuna Ö. , Gutrath B. , Balmes V. , Behmenburg H. , Rzheutskii M. V. , Lutsenko E. V. , Yablonskii G. P. , Noyong M. , Simon U. , Heuken M. , Kalisch H. , Vescan A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report on the metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and characterization of n‐type InGaN films for application in direct solar water splitting. The 40 nm thick films exhibit an In fraction of 15% and show good structural quality and a surface root mean square (RMS) roughness of only 0.7 nm. An electron concentration of 9 × 1018 cm‐3 at a mobility of 185 cm2/Vs is assessed. The emission peak in photoluminescence (PL) spectra taken at room temperature (RT) is at 2.8 eV, which is consistent to transmission data and the expected bandgap value for this composition. Illumination of the InGaN electrode with a Xe lamp in a 1 M NaOH electrolyte solution at zero external voltage induces a photocurrent (PC) of 0.13 mA/cm2 with a pronounced overshoot in the first few seconds, which we explain by the discharging of a Helmholtz bilayer capacitor. The PC linearly increases with applied voltage while the estimated total conversion efficiency peaks at 0.6 V. Although hydrogen bubbles visibly evolve from the Pt counter electrode, total conversion efficiencies are limited to 0.05%, which is ascribed to incomplete utilization of the optical excitation spectrum and low thickness of both the InGaN film and the space charge region at the semiconductor surface. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on HVPE GaN template
Authors: Li Xingbin , Yu Tongjun , Tao Yuebin , Deng Junjing , Xu Chenglong , Zhang Guoyi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) on different kinds of patterned hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) templates was successfully realized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). InGaN/GaN MQWs were also grown and LED chips were then fabricated. The properties of the wafers and the performance of the LED chips were investigated. The experiment results showed obvious improvement of surface and crystal qualities of the wafers. LED chips also exhibited better luminous properties. Therefore ELOG method is a very effective way to improve crystal quality and oxygen plasma treatment is useful for surface optimization (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threshold voltage dependence on channel width in nano‐channel array AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Liu Shenghou , Cai Yong , Gong Rumin , Wang Jinyan , Zeng Chunhong , Shi Wenhua , Feng Zhihong , Wang Jingjing , Yin Jiayun , Wen Cheng P. , Qin Hua , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a nano‐channel array (NCA) structure to realize the control of threshold voltage (Vth) of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The fabricated NCA structure consists of multiple nano‐channels parallelly connected together. Using this structure, the Vth of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs can be systematically shifted from ‐3.92 V for a conventional depletion‐mode (D‐mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMT to 0.15 V for an enhancement‐mode (E‐mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Besides, an optimum maximum peak transconductance of 235 mS/mm was achieved at the nano‐channel width of 224 nm, which is almost two times larger than that of C‐HEMT (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface electronic properties of In‐rich InGaN alloys grown by MOCVD
Authors: Linhart W. M. , Tuna Ö. , Veal T. D. , Mudd J. J. , Giesen C. , Heuken M. , McConville C. F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe band bending, position of Fermi level at the cleaned surfaces and bulk Fermi level of In‐rich InxGa1–xN alloys grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition with a composition of 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 1.00 have been investigated using X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, infrared reflectivity and Hall effect measurements. Wet etching of InxGa1–xN alloys in HCl successfully reduced the native oxides at the surface, allowing these measurements to be performed more accurately. Electron accumulation layers, accompanied by downward band bending, are present at the surface, with a decrease to flatband conditions occurring at x ≈ 0.2 with increasing Ga fraction. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some assembly required: How scientific explanations are constructed during clinical interviews
Authors: Sherin Bruce L. , Krakowski Moshe , Lee Victor R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article is concerned with commonsense science knowledge, the informally gained knowledge of the natural world that students possess prior to formal instruction in a scientific discipline. Although commonsense science has been the focus of substantial study for more than two decades, there are still profound disagreements about its nature and origin, and its role in science learning. What is the reason that it has been so difficult to reach consensus? We believe that the problems run deep; there are difficulties both with how the field has framed questions and the way that it has gone about seeking answers. In order to make progress, we believe it will be helpful to focus on one type of research instrument—the clinical interview—that is employed in the study of commonsense science. More specifically, we argue that we should seek to understand and model, on a moment‐by‐moment basis, student reasoning as it occurs in the interviews employed to study commonsense science. To illustrate and support this claim, we draw on a corpus of interviews with middle school students in which the students were asked questions pertaining to the seasons and climate phenomena. Our analysis of this corpus is based on what we call the mode‐node framework. In this framework, student reasoning is seen as drawing on a set of knowledge elements we call nodes, and this set produces temporary explanatory structures we call dynamic mental constructs. Furthermore, the analysis of our corpus seeks to highlight certain patterns of student reasoning that occur during interviews, patterns in what we call conceptual dynamics. These include patterns in which students can be seen to search through available knowledge (nodes), in which they assemble nodes into an explanation, and in which they converge on and shift among alternative explanations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 166–198, 2012
Reappraisal of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Tract Recurrence After Resection of Perihilar Bile Duct Cancer
Authors: Hwang Shin , Song Gi‐Won , Ha Tae‐Yong , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Ko Gi‐Young , Kim Myeong‐Hwan , Lee Sung‐Koo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Jung Dong‐Hwang , Park Gil‐Chun , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe high incidence of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tract recurrence after resection of perihilar bile duct cancer (BDC) at a reference single center has suggested the need for endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) to prevent PTBD‐related tumor recurrence. To determine the general applicability of these findings, we validated the risk of PTBD tract recurrence in patients with resected BDC in our high‐volume center.MethodsThe medical records of 306 patients with perihilar BDC who underwent hepatobiliary resection with curative intent over 10 years were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOf the 306 patients, 293 (95.8%) underwent biliary decompression, 171 (56.1%) by preoperative PTBD, 62 (20.3%) by EBD alone, and 60 (19.7%) by both. Of the 231 patients who underwent PTBD, 160 (69.3%), 62 (26.8%), and 9 (3.9%) had one, two, or three catheters, respectively (mean of 1.3 catheters per patient for a median 23 days). No patient experienced synchronous PTBD tract metastasis, whereas 4 (1.7%) experienced PTBD tract recurrence a median 13.5 months after surgery, with 3 of these patients having an intraabdominal recurrence soon afterward. Only one patient had a solitary tract recurrence without intraabdominal metastasis. These patients survived for a median 25 months, which is comparable to survival outcomes after noncurative resection. No risk factor was significantly associated with PTBD tract recurrence.ConclusionsWe think that the risk of PTBD tract recurrence after resection of perihilar BDC is not negligible but is much lower than previously reported. There is no definitive reason to avoid PTBD when it is indicated.
Clinical impact of right accessory hepatic artery injury in deceased donor livers
Authors: Ausania Fabio , Al‐Ghnaniem Reyad , Jamieson Neville V. , Praseedom Raaj K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundRight accessory hepatic artery (RAHA) injury at retrieval is a rare complication of deceased liver procurement. Arterial reconstruction is often required under these circumstances which could potentially increase the risk of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). The aim of this study is to investigate whether RAHA injury affects the incidence of HAT, early biliary complications, or 3‐month graft and patient survival rates.MethodsAll adult liver transplants performed between 1994 and February 2007 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK were considered for inclusion in the study. Grafts were divided into three groups depending on the presence of RAHA and injury (Group 1: normal anatomy and single hepatic artery anastomosis; Group 2: RAHA requiring reconstruction; Group 3: RAHA injury requiring reconstruction).ResultsEight hundred and forty‐four liver transplants were included in the study (Group 1: 654 grafts; Group 2: 63 grafts; Group 3: 14 grafts). The incidence of HAT (Group 1, 2.9%; Group 2, 6.4%; Group 3, 14.3%) was significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.01); biliary complications at 3 months (Group 1, 7.1%; Group 2, 11.1%; Group 3, 7.1%) were not significantly different. Graft and patient survival at 3 months were significantly worse in Group 3 when compared with Group 2 (61.5 vs. 88.3%, P = 0.01; 81.8 vs. 98.2%, P = 0.02).ConclusionThis is the first study analysing the clinical impact of RAHA injury during liver procurement. We conclude that the use of liver grafts with RAHA injury does result in a higher HAT rate and is also associated with lower graft and patient survival rates at 3 months.