bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐lactam allergy risk stratification in a maternity population in Australia: Scope for allergy de‐labelling
Authors: Jeong Wirawan , Saleh Shahad , Heap Sharon , Pham Vi , Leung Laura , Krishnaswamy Sushena 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundUnconfirmed beta‐lactam allergy in pregnant people has been associated with higher morbidity, unnecessary exposure to broad‐spectrum antibiotics and prolonged hospitalisation. There are no published data on beta‐lactam allergies in pregnant people in Australia.AimsThe aim was to describe patient‐reported beta‐lactam allergies and appropriateness for antibiotic allergy de‐labelling in a maternity cohort in Australia.MethodsMaternity patients aged ≥18 years admitted to our institution between March 2021 and June 2021 with a beta‐lactam allergy documented in their electronic medical record were interviewed for details of their allergy. The documented allergies were compared to the allergy history obtained from the interview. Severity of the allergy was rated, and appropriateness for allergy de‐labelling was assessed using the Victorian Therapeutics Advisory Group beta‐lactam antibiotic allergy assessment tool.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐three beta‐lactam allergies (182 reactions) were reported by 145 patients. Penicillin class antibiotics were the most frequently implicated, including unspecified penicillins (95/153, 62%), amoxicillin (19/153, 13%) and amoxicillin‐clavulanate (8/153, 5%). Allergy documentation required amending in 52 of 145 patients (36%); 85 of 153 (56%) of the beta‐lactam allergies were considered low risk and potentially appropriate for direct oral re‐challenge.ConclusionBeta‐lactam allergies were inaccurately documented in more than one third of the maternity patients included in our study. As such, education of maternity care providers about the importance of accurate allergy history taking remains an urgent unmet need. Furthermore, allergy assessment and de‐labelling during pregnancy should be considered in maternity patients to optimise antibiotic prescribing and to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Relapse after glofitamab has a poor prognosis and rates of CD20 loss are high
Authors: Grigg Samuel , Minson Adrian , Prins Elizabeth , Dickinson Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWe reviewed cases with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma who relapsed or progressed following glofitamab. The prognosis was poor, with low rates of response to subsequent salvage therapies, and a median overall survival of 4.1 months from the time of progression. There were high rates of CD20 loss (59%) at the time of relapse. In a field where CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibodies are entering routine clinical use, our experience highlights a potential means of resistance. It illustrates both the need to further characterise mechanisms of CD20 loss, and to pursue clinical trials of novel non‐CD20‐directed treatments in this cohort.
Targeting noncoding RNAs to treat atherosclerosis
Authors: Sopić Miron , Vladimirov Sandra , Munjas Jelena , Mitić Tijana , Hall Ignacio Fernando , Jusic Amela , Ruzic Dusan , Devaux Yvan ,   AtheroNET COST Action CA21153 (https://atheronet.eu/)
Published: May 2024

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are pivotal for various pathological processes, impacting disease progression. The potential for leveraging ncRNAs to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases is of great significance, especially given the increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis in an ageing and sedentary population. Together, these diseases impose a substantial socio‐economic burden, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review explores the potential of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis treatment. We commence by examining approaches for identifying and characterizing atherosclerosis‐associated ncRNAs. We then delve into the functional aspects of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis development and progression. Additionally, we review current RNA and RNA‐targeting molecules in development or under approval for clinical use, offering insights into their pharmacological potential. The importance of improved ncRNA delivery strategies is highlighted. Finally, we suggest avenues for advanced research to accelerate the use of ncRNAs in treating atherosclerosis and mitigating its societal impact.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc
The use and potential of artificial intelligence for supporting clinical observation of child behaviour
Authors: Minnis Helen , Vinciarelli Alessandro , Alsofyani Huda 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundObservation of child behaviour provides valuable clinical information but often requires rigorous, tedious, repetitive and time expensive protocols. For this reason, tests requiring significant time for administration and rating are rarely used in clinical practice, however useful and effective they are. This article shows that Artificial Intelligence (AI), designed to capture and store the human ability to perform standardised tasks consistently, can alleviate this problem.Case studyWe demonstrate how an AI‐powered version of the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task can identify, with over 80% concordance, children with insecure attachment aged between 5 and 9 years.DiscussionWe discuss ethical issues to be considered if AI technology is to become a useful part of child mental health assessment and recommend practical next steps for the field.
Abnormal methylation mediated upregulation of LINC00857 boosts malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by modulating the miR‐486‐5p/NEK2 axis
Authors: Fu Haoyu , Zhang Mingming , Liu Xiaohui , Yang Yiming , Xing Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLINC00857 is frequently dysregulated in varying cancers, which in turn exerts carcinogenic effects; however, its DNA methylation status in promoter region and molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain rarely understood. Through bioinformatics analysis, we examined the expression state and methylation site of LINC00857 in LUAD and further investigated the properties of LINC00857 as a competitive endogenous RNA in the cancer progression. The current study revealed that the overexpression of LINC00857 in LUAD tissue and cells was mainly caused by the hypomethylation of the promoter region. LINC00857 knockdown prominently reduced cell proliferation, impeded cell migration and invasion, and restrained lymph node metastasis, with enhancing radiosensitivity. The effects of LINC00857 on tumor growth were also investigated in nude mice models. Subsequently, the downstream factors, miR‐486‐5p and NEK2, were screened, and the putative regulatory axis was examined. Overall, the regulatory effect of methylation‐mediated LINC00857 overexpression on miR‐486‐5p/NEK2 axis may be a new mechanism for LUAD progression.
Association of BKV viremia and nephropathy with adverse alloimmune outcomes in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Rampersad Christie , Wiebe Chris , Balshaw Robert , Bullard Jared , Gibson Ian W. , Trachtenberg Aaron , Shaw James , Villalobos Armelle Perez Cortes , Karpinski Martin , Goldberg Aviva , Birk Patricia , Pinsk Maury , Rush David N. , Nickerson Peter W. , Ho Julie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppression reduction for BK polyoma virus (BKV) must be balanced against risk of adverse alloimmune outcomes. We sought to characterize risk of alloimmune events after BKV within context of HLA‐DR/DQ molecular mismatch (mMM) risk score.MethodsThis single‐center study evaluated 460 kidney transplant patients on tacrolimus‐mycophenolate‐prednisone from 2010‐2021. BKV status was classified at 6‐months post‐transplant as “BKV” or “no BKV” in landmark analysis. Primary outcome was T‐cell mediated rejection (TCMR). Secondary outcomes included all‐cause graft failure (ACGF), death‐censored graft failure (DCGF), de novo donor specific antibody (dnDSA), and antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR). Predictors of outcomes were assessed in Cox proportional hazards models including BKV status and alloimmune risk defined by recipient age and molecular mismatch (RAMM) groups.ResultsAt 6‐months post‐transplant, 72 patients had BKV and 388 had no BKV. TCMR occurred in 86 recipients, including 27.8% with BKV and 17% with no BKV (p = .05). TCMR risk was increased in recipients with BKV (HR 1.90, (95% CI 1.14, 3.17); p = .01) and high vs. low‐risk RAMM group risk (HR 2.26 (95% CI 1.02, 4.98); p = .02) in multivariable analyses; but not HLA serological MM in sensitivity analysis. Recipients with BKV experienced increased dnDSA in univariable analysis, and there was no association with ABMR, DCGF, or ACGF.ConclusionsRecipients with BKV had increased risk of TCMR independent of induction immunosuppression and conventional alloimmune risk measures. Recipients with high‐risk RAMM experienced increased TCMR risk. Future studies on optimizing immunosuppression for BKV should explore nuanced risk stratification and may consider novel measures of alloimmune risk.
Obesity‐induced tissue alterations resist weight loss: A mechanistic review
Authors: Della Guardia Lucio , Shin Andrew C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterventions aimed at weight control often have limited effectiveness in combating obesity. This review explores how obesity‐induced dysfunction in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and the brain blunt weight loss, leading to retention of stored fat. In obesity, increased adrenergic stimulation and inflammation downregulate β‐adrenoreceptors and impair catecholaminergic signalling in adipocytes. This disrupts adrenergic‐mediated lipolysis, diminishing lipid oxidation in both white and brown adipocytes, lowering thermogenesis and blunting fat loss. Emerging evidence suggests that WAT fibrosis is associated with worse weight loss outcomes; indeed, limiting collagen and laminin‐α4 deposition mitigates WAT accumulation, enhances browning, and protects against high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity. Obesity compromises mitochondrial oxidative capacity and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle, impairing its ability to switch between glucose and lipid metabolism in response to varying nutrient levels and exercise. This dysfunctional phenotype in muscle is exacerbated in the presence of obesity‐associated sarcopenia. Additionally, obesity suppresses sarcolipin‐induced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activation, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity, diminished energy expenditure, and increased adiposity. In the hypothalamus, obesity and overnutrition impair insulin and leptin signalling. This blunts central satiety signals, favouring a shift in energy balance toward energy conservation and body fat retention. Moreover, both obese animals and humans demonstrate impaired dopaminergic signalling and diminished responses to nutrient intake in the striatum, which tend to persist after weight loss. This may result in enduring inclinations toward overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. Collectively, the tissue adaptations described pose significant challenges to effectively achieving and sustaining weight loss in obesity.
Multiple secondary contacts and historic hybridization between glacial lineages of charr (Salvelinus, Salmonidae) in northeastern Asia
Authors: Bondar Evgeniia I. , Oleinik Alla G. , Kukhlevsky Andrey D. , Skurikhina Lubov A. , Batishcheva Natalia M. , Kirillov Alexander F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArctic regions of northeastern Asia represent areas of secondary contact of the glacial phylogenetic lineages of charrs belonging to the genus Salvelinus (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). However, the post‐glacial dispersion of charr across Arctic regions is poorly understood, as knowledge of populations from Chukotka and its neighbouring areas remains limited. Specifically, there is no clear understanding of which charr species inhabit significant regions of Chukotka from the sea coasts to the Kolyma drainage. In this study, we explored the affiliation of lacustrine charrs from the Chukotka area with (1) the Arctic lineage of Taranetz' charr (Salvelinus taranetzi); (2) the Bering lineage of Northern Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma) and (3) the Siberia and Atlantic lineages of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We analysed sequence variation of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR; 960 base pairs) and genotyped seven microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA from charr collected at 13 sampling sites. We found different consequences of secondary contact: (1) complete fixation of introgressed mtDNA (mitochondrial capture) and (2) preservation of several mtDNA lineages with the absence of contemporary gene flow between resident populations. Combining the distribution patterns, phylogenetic network topology and knowledge of the glaciation history of the region, we propose two zones of secondary contact of the glacial lineages in Chukotka–Kolima‐Chukotka River system and Paleo‐Amguema River–from where charrs with introgressed genomes spread throughout this range. However, in some cases, the process of foreign mtDNA capture likely occurs in a more localised manner.
Enterprise violation risk deduction combining generative AI and event evolution graph
Authors: Zhong Chao , Li Pengjun , Wang Jinlong , Xiong Xiaoyun , Lv Zhihan , Zhou Xiaochen , Zhao Qixin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the current realms of scientific research and commercial applications, the risk inference of regulatory violations by publicly listed enterprises has attracted considerable attention. However, there are some problems in the existing research on the deduction and prediction of violation risk of listed enterprises, such as the lack of analysis of the causal logic association between violation events, the low interpretability and effectiveness of the deduction and the lack of training data. To solve these problems, we propose a framework for enterprise violation risk deduction based on generative AI and event evolution graphs. First, the generative AI technology was used to generate a new text summary of the lengthy and complex enterprise violation announcement to realize a concise overview of the violation matters. Second, by fine‐tuning the generative AI model, an event entity and causality extraction framework based on automated data augmentation are proposed, and the UIE (Unified Structure Generation for Universal Information Extraction) event entity extraction model is used to create the event entity extraction for listed enterprises ‘violations. Then, a causality extraction model CDDP‐GAT (Event Causality Extraction Based on Chinese Dictionary and Dependency Parsing of GAT) is proposed. This model aims to identify and analyse the causal links between corporate breaches, thereby deepening the understanding of the event logic. Then, the merger of similar events was realized, and the causal correlation weights between enterprise violation‐related events were evaluated. Finally, the listed enterprise's violation risk event evolution graph was constructed, and the enterprise violation risk deduction was carried out to form an expert system of financial violations. The deduction results show that the method can effectively reveal signs of enterprise violations and adverse consequences.
Determining the most appropriate socioeconomic status indicator for describing inequalities in dental visits by Japanese older people
Authors: Morohoshi Hiroo , Matsuyama Yusuke , Zaitsu Takashi , Oshiro Akiko , Kondo Katsunori , Aida Jun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between various socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and dental visits among older Japanese.BackgroundWhen examining health inequalities, an adequate indicator of SES should be applied. In older adults, wealth and pensions are considered more appropriate indicators of SES than education and income, but few studies have examined.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from 12 391 individuals aged 65 years or older from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were applied to examine the association of education, income, wealth and pensions with dental visits for treatment and check‐up adjusting for covariates.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 74.0 ± 6.2 years. In the previous year, 56.3% of participants had visited a dentist for a check‐up, and 65.9% had visited for treatment. Inequalities in dental treatment visits were observed for wealth, pensions and income rather than education. Income was not significantly associated with check‐up visits. Wealth showed the largest association with dental visits for treatment [(SII 0.09, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.13), (RII 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.21)] and check‐up [(SII 0.08, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.12), (RII 1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.23)].ConclusionWhen measuring inequalities in access to dental care among the older population, wealth and pensions could be important indicators of SES.
I am because I have to be: Exploring one mother‐worker's identity of the surrendered self through stories of mothering neurodiverse children
Authors: Owens‐Schill Angela , Peticca‐Harris Amanda , Elias Sara R. S. T. A. , deGama Nadia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur qualitative study delves into the life history of a mother‐worker caring for two neurodiverse children, surfacing how the intensive mental load of balancing domestic and professional responsibilities permeates and shapes her identity. Employing narrative analysis and photovoice methods, we investigate how she navigates the logistical and emotional complexities in both roles across three distinct storytelling events: storying (mis)diagnoses, storying care needs and work negotiations, and storying coping. Our primary contribution lies in introducing the concept of the surrendered self, signaling the amplified and prolonged embodiment of one's provisional identity (mother) based on socio‐cultural expectations of who she thinks she ought to be, leading to the eclipse of other possible identities (woman, wife, worker).
Interventions in root‐filled teeth identified in general dental practice: A 6‐year longitudinal observational study
Authors: Olsson Sara , Jonsson Sjögren Jakob , Pigg Maria , Fransson Helena , Eliasson Alf ,   EndoReCo, Kvist Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate what happens to cross‐sectionally identified root‐filled teeth over a 6‐year period, regardless of the time that elapsed since primary root canal treatment, in a cohort of adult patients regularly attending a Public Dental Service. A secondary aim was to investigate how the cumulative events affecting root‐filled teeth over the same time were associated with variables obtained from a baseline examination.MethodologyAdult patients with ≥1 previously root‐filled tooth and regularly attending the Public Dental Service in Örebro County were enrolled for study participation in 2015. General dental practitioners examined all identified root‐filled teeth in this cohort at baseline using a standardized protocol and were also responsible for further decision‐making and treatments. After six years, information on events of the root‐filled teeth was collected from dental records. The highest rating (most invasive treatment) on a 5‐point ordinal scale was used in the analyses. Regression analyses with stepwise selection were performed for associations between patient‐ and tooth‐related factors and events.ResultsA total of 445 patients with 1007 root‐filled teeth were followed the entire observation time. Twenty (2.0%) of the root‐filled teeth had endodontic retreatment and 150 (14.9%) were extracted over six years. Among teeth with periapical radiolucency or pain, the majority did not undergo retreatment or extraction; however, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that retreatment or extraction was associated with baseline recordings of teeth with periapical radiolucency (p < .0001), tenderness to percussion (p < .0001), and poor coronal restoration (p < .0001).ConclusionsThis study corroborates the notion that in general dentistry, root‐filled teeth with radiological signs of apical disease often remain untreated over time. Furthermore, it also reveals that root‐filled teeth presenting with mild pain do not necessarily receive any intervention. However, teeth with baseline signs of apical periodontitis, pain, or inadequate coronal restoration were more likely to have received intervention during the six‐year period.
Does global economic and climate policy uncertainty affect private investment? Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Abdulai Mohammed Gbanja , Ustarz Yazidu , Dary Stanley Kojo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how uncertainty in climate and global economic policies affects private investment in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Using panel data from 41 countries over the period 2000–2022, the study employs a dynamic panel model to estimate the effects of these two types of uncertainty on the private investment‐to‐gross domestic product ratio. The study finds that both global economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and climate policy uncertainty have a negative and significant influence on private investment, implying that higher levels of uncertainty discourage private investors from undertaking long‐term projects in the sub‐region. The study also finds that the effect of uncertainty on climate policy is stronger than that of EPU, suggesting that private investors are more sensitive to the lack of clarity and coherence in the global climate policy framework. The findings are robust to different estimation techniques. The study concludes that reducing policy uncertainty, especially in the area of climate change, is crucial for enhancing private investment and promoting sustainable development in SSA.
Charcot–Marie‐Tooth type 2A in vivo models: Current updates
Authors: Abati Elena , Rizzuti Mafalda , Anastasia Alessia , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania , Rizzo Federica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharcot–Marie‐Tooth type 2A (CMT2A) is an inherited sensorimotor neuropathy associated with mutations within the Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene. These mutations impair normal mitochondrial functioning via different mechanisms, disturbing the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission, of mitophagy and mitochondrial axonal transport. Although CMT2A disease causes a significant disability, no resolutive treatment for CMT2A patients to date. In this context, reliable experimental models are essential to precisely dissect the molecular mechanisms of disease and to devise effective therapeutic strategies. The most commonly used models are either in vitro or in vivo, and among the latter murine models are by far the most versatile and popular. Here, we critically revised the most relevant literature focused on the experimental models, providing an update on the mammalian models of CMT2A developed to date. We highlighted the different phenotypic, histopathological and molecular characteristics, and their use in translational studies for bringing potential therapies from the bench to the bedside. In addition, we discussed limitations of these models and perspectives for future improvement.