bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urgent metabolic service improves survival in long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency detected by symptomatic identification and pilot newborn screening
Authors: Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Gradowska Wanda , Piekutowska‐Abramczuk Dorota , Andresen Brage S. , Olsen Rikke K. J. , Ołtarzewski Mariusz , Pronicki Maciej , Pajdowska Magdalena , Bogdańska Anna , Jabłońska Ewa , Radomyska Barbara , Kuśmierska Katarzyna , Krajewska‐Walasek Małgorzata , Gregersen Niels , Pronicka Ewa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLong‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is a fatty acid oxidation disorder with especially high mortality and uncertain long‐term outcome. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of diagnostic approach on survival in 59 affected children. Referral to a metabolic center was replaced over time by urine/blood testing in centralized metabolic laboratory (selective screening) and by pilot tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening (NBS). Molecular analysis revealed the prevalent mutation in the HADHA gene in all 58 examined cases. Twenty patients died. The number of detections and number of deaths were respectively 9 and 4 (44%) in the patients recognized by differential diagnosis, 28 and 9 (32%) – by selective screening, and 11 and 1 (9%) – by NBS. In 80% of cases the death occurred before or within 3 weeks from the identification. Urgent and active metabolic service remarkably influenced the surviving. The current age of 39 survivors is 0.5 to 23 yrs (mean 7.2 yrs). The disease frequency estimated on the patients number was 1: 115 450, whereas in the pilot NBS – 1: 109 750 (658 492 neonates tested). Interestingly, the phenylalanine level in asymptomatic neonates frequently exceeded the cut‐off values. Conclusions: 1) Urgent metabolic intervention decreases mortality of LCHAD‐deficient patients, but the prognosis is still uncertain. 2) Emergent metabolic reporting and service are crucial also for the survival of neonates detected by NBS. 3) The nationwide selective screening appeared efficient in LCHADD detection in the country. 4) Transient mild hyperphenylalaninaemia may occur in LCHAD‐deficient newborns.
Land-use intensification in New Zealand: effects on soil properties and pasture production
Authors: HOULBROOKE D. J. , PATON R. J. , LITTLEJOHN R. P. , MORTON J. D. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYLand-use intensification requires more farm inputs to sustain or increase farm product outputs. However, a common concern for land-use intensification is the potential deterioration of soil. The North Otago Rolling Downlands (NORD) region of New Zealand is drought prone, and although traditionally limited to extensive sheep farming, there are large-scale conversions to intensive cattle grazing operations such as dairy farming resulting from an irrigation scheme commissioned in 2006. Pallic soils (Aeric Fragiaqualf in US Soil Taxonomy) such as those in the NORD region are prone to soil compaction because of their ‘high’ structural vulnerability under intensive management. To address these concerns, a field trial was established on a common NORD Pallic soil (Timaru silt loam) to determine how land-use intensification affects indicators of soil quality (macroporosity, bulk density, structural condition score, total and mineralizable carbon and nitrogen and earthworms) and pasture production. The treatments compare irrigatedv. dryland pasture and sheepv. cattle grazing on 16 plots. The findings show that soil physical quality responds more quickly to changes in land-use pressure than do biochemical and organic indicators. Both irrigation and cattle grazing, particularly in combination, increased soil compaction; macroporosity on irrigated plots grazed by cattle ranged from 9·1 to 13·3% v/v at a depth of 0–50 mm, compared to dryland plots with sheep grazing (18·9–23·0% v/v). Soil compaction/damage has implications for pasture production, soil hydrology and nutrient movement. Land management practices for intensive cattle grazing of irrigated soil prone to treading damage therefore need to implement high compaction risk strategies to avoid or ameliorate potential changes to soil quality.
Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use
Authors: HODGES R. J. , BUZBY J. C. , BENNETT B. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThis review compares and contrasts postharvest food losses (PHLs) and waste in developed countries (especially the USA and the UK) with those in less developed countries (LDCs), especially the case of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing food losses offers an important way of increasing food availability without requiring additional production resources, and in LDCs it can contribute to rural development and poverty reduction by improving agribusiness livelihoods. The critical factors governing PHLs and food waste are mostly after the farm gate in developed countries but before the farm gate in LDCs. In the foreseeable future (e.g. up to 2030), the main drivers for reducing PHLs differ: in the developed world, they include consumer education campaigns, carefully targeted taxation and private and public sector partnerships sharing the responsibility for loss reduction. The LDCs’ drivers include more widespread education of farmers in the causes of PHLs; better infrastructure to connect smallholders to markets; more effective value chains that provide sufficient financial incentives at the producer level; opportunities to adopt collective marketing and better technologies supported by access to microcredit; and the public and private sectors sharing the investment costs and risks in market-orientated interventions.
Engineering advances for input reduction and systems management to meet the challenges of global food and farming futures
Authors: DAY W. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYImprovements in farming systems and food supply will come from: increased production efficiencies per unit land area or per unit input of key components such as water or fertilizer; from less negative impact on local and global environments, allowing sustainable biodiversity goals to be integrated with production performance; and from enhanced approaches to bringing global supply and demand in balance, allowing internationally agreed goals for biosphere stability to be shaped, managed and delivered. Each stage will deliver significant improvements to current farming approaches. Modern engineering methods and technology advances have enhanced productivity in all major industries, and farming is yet to make much progress by developing and adopting these technologies. Sensors, control and integrated management systems will be major features, delivering enhanced farming productivity per unit input and per person employed, complemented by decreased environmental impacts and lower losses in the food chain. New insights into modelling and interpreting systems' performance will provide key contributions to optimization and control under complex challenges.
Heterorhabditis atacamensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Edgington S. , Buddie A.G. , Moore D. , France A. , Merino L. , Hunt D.J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new Heterorhabditis species of entomopathogenic nematode was isolated from soil of the Atacama Desert in Chile. The new species is characterized by morphometrics of the infective juvenile (IJ) with length (L) = 611 (578–666) μm, head to excretory pore length (EP) = 115 (101–126) μm, tail = 69 (62–79) μm long, (EP/tail) × 100 (E%) = 165 (149–182) and L/maximum body diameter (ratio a) = 28 (25–31). The male has spicules 45 (40–49) μm long, gubernaculum 20 (17–22) μm long and (spicule length/anal body diameter) × 100 (SW%) = 205 (179–249). The hermaphroditic adult has shallow cuticular folds immediately anterior and posterior to the vulva, a slight post-anal swelling and a finely rounded tail terminus. Morphologically, H. atacamensis n. sp. resembles H. safricana, H. marelatus, H. downesi and H. amazonensis, but can be distinguished by characters of adult and IJ stages. In particular, for adult males, H. atacamensis n. sp. differs from H. amazonensis by the number and orientation of the genital papillae and from H. downesi by the position of the excretory pore; by the shape of the female tail terminus from H. downesi and by the position of the IJ hemizonid from H. marelatus. Heterorhabditis atacamensis n. sp. is further characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2D3 rDNA sequences, the closest species, H. safricana, being separated by 13 bp across 730 bp of the ITS (incorporating ITS1 (partial sequence), 5.8S (complete sequence), ITS2 (complete sequence)) and 5 bp across 592 bp of the partial 28S (incorporating D2D3) sequence. The morphological and molecular data confirm that H. atacamensis n. sp. is a valid species.
Identification ofTrichinella spiralisearly antigens at the pre-adult and adult stages
Authors: ZOCEVIC ALEKSANDAR , MACE PAULINE , VALLEE ISABELLE , BLAGA RADU , LIU MINGYUAN , LACOUR SANDRINE A. , BOIREAU PASCAL 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThree expression cDNA libraries fromTrichinella spiralisworms 14 h, 20 h and 48 h post-infection (p.i.) were screened with serum from pigs experimentally infected with 20 000T. spiralismuscle larvae. Twenty-nine positive clones were isolated from the 14 h p.i. cDNA library, corresponding to 8 different genes. A putative excretory-secretory protein similar to that ofT. pseudospiraliswas identified. Three clones corresponded to aT. spiralisserine proteinase inhibitor known to be involved in diverse functions such as blood coagulation and modulation of inflammation. Screening of the 20 h p.i. cDNA library selected 167 positive clones representing 12 different sequences. The clone with the highest redundancy encoded a small polypeptide having no sequence identity with any known proteins fromTrichinellaor other organisms. Fourteen clones displayed sequence identity with the heat shock protein (HSP) 70. HSPs are produced as an adaptive response of the parasite to the hostile environment encountered in the host intestine but their mechanism of action is not yet well defined. From the 48 h p.i.T. spiraliscDNA library, 91 positive clones were identified representing 7 distinct sequences. Most of the positive clones showed high similarity with a member of a putativeT. spiralisserine protease family. This result is consistent with a possible major role for serine proteases during invasive stages ofTrichinellainfection and host-parasite interactions.
The epitaph for Atthis: a late Hellenistic poem on stone
Authors: Hanink Johanna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSGOI 01/01/07 is a highly refined 20-line elegiac epitaph from Cnidus which probably dates to the first century BC. Despite the poem's striking formal features and poetic qualities it has received almost no attention since its first publication by Sir Charles Newton in 1863. The first four sections of this article demonstrate that the inscription represents an important witness to certain epigraphic practices and epitaphic traditions, including those of inscribed dialogue and lament. The final section then presents a reading of the poem which centres on the competing poetics of consolation, memory and forgetfulness proposed by the epitaph's two speaking voices.
De la bigarrure en politique (PlatonRépublique8.557C4–61e7)
Authors: Villacèque Noémie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with Plato's use ofpoikilosand cognates to describe democracy. It does not argue that Plato'sRepubliccontains empirical analyses of some contemporary event, but supposes that an historical reading of the book is possible and legitimate. Post Peloponnesian War Athenian society experienced profound socio-economic changes. Echoing the aristocratic élite's circumspect anxiety when faced with thenouveaux riches, Plato clearly regards obsessive greediness as one of the root causes of the corruption of any political system. Referring to democracy, the philosopher invents thehimation poikilonor ‘embroidered coat of many colours' metaphor. By materializing the multifaceted concept ofpoikilia, this metaphor gives a single and palpable form to the principaltopoiof anti-democratic rhetoric: thehimation poikilonevokes the motley constitution of the Athenian regime, the tyrant's ostentatious opulence, aped by thedemos turannos, the inconstancy of thedemos, the deceitful character of democracy and, last but not least, its penchant for spectacles.
Thucydides 2.35 and 45.2: against praise
Authors: Winton R.I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper suggests that two much-discussed passages in Pericles' Funeral Speech in Thucydides Book 2, the first in 2.35.2, the second in 2.45.2, are more closely related than has previously been recognized: both express a negative view of praise - praise of the fallen; and of their widows. It proposes new interpretations of the passages in question: in the first sentence of 35.2 Pericles is contrasting the splendour of the funeralceremonywith the necessary restraint of a funeralspeech(which Pericles doesnotin this chapter imply was a later addition to the former); in the second sentence of 45.2 he seeks to hearten the widows of the fallen by reminding them, first, that marriage has brought them fulfilment as women and, secondly, that they, asAthenianwomen, can be relied upon to conduct themselves fittingly – in implicit contrast to the most celebrated, and notorious, of Greek women: Helen.
Information, Contemplation and Social Life
Authors: Cioffi Frank 
Published: November 2010

Wittgenstein has a remark in which he admonishes us to remember that not everything which is expressed in the language of information belongs to the language game of giving information.In this paper I want to illustrate how the language of information may be used to disguise the character of the interest we take in social life, an interest whose candid and undisguised manifestations are to be found in literature.
Reason and Passion
Authors: Peters R. S. 
Published: November 2010

I Once gave a series of talks to a group of psychoanalysts who had trained together and was rather struck by the statement made by one of them that, psychologically speaking, ‘reason’ means saying ‘No’ to oneself. Plato, of course, introduced the concept of ‘reason’ in a similar way in The Republic with the case of the thirsty man who is checked in the satisfaction of his thirst by reflection on the outcome of drinking. But Plato was also so impressed by man's ability to construct mathematical systems by reasoning that he called it the divine element of the soul. And what has this ability to do with that of saying ‘No’ to oneself? And what have either of these abilities to do with the disposition to be impartial which is intimately connected with our notion of a reasonable man, or with what David Hume called a ‘wonderful and unintelligible instinct’ in our souls by means of which men are able to make inferences from past to future?It must readily be admitted that there are few surface similarities between the uses of ‘reason’ in these contexts. No obvious features protrude which might be fastened on as logically necessary conditions for the use of the term ‘reason’. But beneath the surface there may be lurking common notions that are, or can be, of importance in our lives. To make them explicit is to give structure and substance to what is often called ‘the life of reason’ and to show that this is not inconsistent with a life of passion as is often thought. This seems eminently worth attempting at a time when many people seem hostile to reason. For those who demand instant gratification, who adopt some existentialist stance, who cultivate violence or mystical experience, or who merely do what others do, are all, in various ways, resisting the claims of reason on them. And what they are resisting is not just the demand that they should reflect and calculate; it is also the influence of passions and sentiments that underlie a form of life.
The Autonomy of Art
Authors: Casey John 
Published: November 2010

In his Aesthetic Croce makes some remarks upon the subject of sincerity:Artists protest vainly: ‘Lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba’. They are merely taxed (in addition) with lying and hypocrisy. How far more prudent you were, poor women of Verona, when you founded your belief that Dante had really descended to Hell upon his blackened countenance. Yours was at any rate an historical conjecture.
Locke and the Meaning of Colour Words
Authors: Hacker P.M.S. 
Published: November 2010

While thinking philosophically we see problems in places where there are none. It is for philosophy to show that there are no problems.Those of us who are not colour blind have a happy command of colour concepts. We say of trees that they are green in spring, that they are the same colour as grass and a different colour from the sky. If we shine a torch with a red bulb upon a white surface, we say that the surface looks pink although it is white. And if we suffer a bout of jaundice we (allegedly) claim that white things look yellowish to us, although they are not yellow, nor do they (publicly) look yellow. We employ this tripartite distinction unworriedly and unthinkingly. But when, in doing philosophy, we are called upon to elucidate colour concepts it becomes evident that these elementary concepts present intricate problems to the philosophical understanding. It is extraordinarily difficult to obtain a proper surview of colour grammar, and the temptations of philosophical illusion are legion. We go wrong before the first step is even taken, and hence do not notice our errors, for they are implicit in every move we make. We multiply impossibilities seriatim, getting better, like the White Queen, with practice. We then either slide into scepticism, or alternatively exclude it on empirical grounds - appealing, as is so popular in American philosophical circles, to the wonders of science, in particular physics and neurophysiology, to keep the malin genie from the door.
New Phenomenalism as an Account of Perceptual Knowledge
Authors: Hobbs Alan 
Published: November 2010

To be an Empiricist with respect to knowledge of the natural world, is to insist that all knowledge of that world is rooted in perceptual experience. All claims which go beyond the deliverances of the senses must, in the end, be justified by, and understood in terms of, relations holding between those claims and sensory data. Crucial to the Empiricist case, therefore, is an account of how perception can be a source of knowledge. How can sensory experiences provide, for the owner of those experiences, information about objects and events which exist independently of the experiences themselves?The following essay scavenges in contemporary sources to arrive at a fresh Empiricist account of perceptual knowledge. There are sufficient parallels with earlier doctrines to call the outcome ‘New Phenomenalism’, but the label is not important. The materials for the thesis have been gathered (and probably twisted) from several current writers, most notably P.F. Strawson and Jonathan Bennett, but no one of these writers is a proponent of the expounded thesis as a whole. As with a composite photograph, no face completely fits.
Spinoza and the Divine Attributes
Authors: Geach P. T. 
Published: November 2010

On the very first page of Spinoza's Ethics we find the perplexing definition of ‘attribute’: ‘By an attribute I mean what the understanding perceives in regard to a substance as constituting its essence’. Each attribute of a substance by itself thus constitutes the essence of a substance; if there are many attributes of the same substance, it does not take all of them together to constitute its essence. Spinoza, as we all know, in fact held that there is only one substance, God, but there are infinitely many attributes, of which only two, Thought and Extension, are accessible to the human mind. Each attribute, we further learn, has to be conceived on its own account (I, prop. 10); being conceived on its own account is, however, a distinguishing mark of the one substance, so how is it that the many attributes, which Spinoza says are really distinct, are not so many distinct substances, so many gods?That is the ontological side of the puzzle. Now for the logical or grammatical side — about which writers on Spinoza have, I think, said a great deal less, though it has been much discussed as regards less deviant theology than Spinoza's. Each attribute is clearly meant to be a concrete, active, individual entity; yet the attributes are designated by abstract nouns — ‘Thought’ and ‘Extension’. Now can we make sense of such a sentence as ‘God is Thought’ or ‘God is Extension’, as opposed to ‘God thinks’ or ‘God is extended’? What does it mean to predicate an abstract noun of a concrete individual? And if this ‘is’ here is not a bare copula of predication but an identity sign, then how can we avoid passing from ‘God is Thought’ and ‘God is Extension’ to ‘Thought is Extension’? Spinoza would deny the conclusion, and it is quite essential to his system to do so. For if Thought just is Extension, identically so, then any mode of the attribute Thought is a mode of the attribute Extension and vice versa. But for Spinoza, the last is diametrically opposite to the truth: no mode is a mode of more than one attribute, and indeed no causal relations link modes of different attributes — a causal linkage is always confined to one attribute.
Spinoza's Epistemological Views
Authors: MacIntosh J. J. 
Published: November 2010

I propose, in this paper, to offer a simple, even perhaps a simplified, version of Spinoza's metaphysical views, and to show how these views sometimes affected his epistemological views.When they did affect his epistemological views the effect was always a bad one, since Spinoza's metaphysical system is quite unworkable. It is helpful, and sometimes even inspiring, but it is wrong. In the end, with the epistemology as with the metaphysics, nothing of substance will be salvageable, but Spinoza's new and even radical perspective is worth observing for its own sake, and there are points of detail along the way, ranging from inspired falsehoods to cloudy truths, that still deserve the effort to untangle them.
Was Bentham a Utilitarian?
Authors: Lyons David 
Published: November 2010

The principle of utility is Bentham's basic test for morals and legislation. But there is room for doubting what that principle is supposed to say. I shall argue that one important element of modern utilitarian doctrines Cannot be found in Bentham's.Some aspects of his views will not be questioned here. He holds, for example, that acts should be appraised by their consequences alone. The effects that count are ‘pleasures’ and ‘pains’, that is, the effects upon human happiness, interest or welfare.
Design and analysis of a totally decoupled 3-DOF spherical parallel manipulator
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a unique, decoupled 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel wrist. The condition required for synthesizing a fully isotropic parallel mechanism is obtained on the basis of the physical meaning of the row vector in the Jacobian matrix. Specifically, an over-constrained spherical 3-DOF parallel mechanism is presented and the modified structure, which avoids the redundant constraints, is also introduced. The proposed manipulator is capable of decoupled rotational motions around the x, y, and z axes and contains an output angle that is equal to the input angle. As this device is analyzed with the Jacobian matrix, the mechanism is free of singularity within its workspace and maintains homogenous stiffness over the entire workspace.