bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology in ovarian lesions: an institutional experience of 584 cases
Authors: Gupta N. , Rajwanshi A. , Dhaliwal L. K. , Khandelwal N. , Dey P. , Srinivasan R. , Nijhawan R. 
Published: September 2011

N. Gupta, A. Rajwanshi, L. K. Dhaliwal, N. Khandelwal, P. Dey, R. Srinivasan and R. Nijhawan  Fine needle aspiration cytology in ovarian lesions: an institutional experience of 584 casesObjective:  To assess the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in ovarian lesions.Methods:  This was a retrospective study of ultrasound‐guided (US) FNAC of 584 ovarian lesions from January 1998 to July 2010. The lesions were categorized into non‐neoplastic lesions, neoplastic lesions and inadequate aspirates. The results were compared with the corresponding histopathology whenever available.Results:  Of the 584 lesions, 180 (30.8%) were reported as non‐neoplastic (48 non‐specific inflammation, 11 tuberculosis, 63 functional cysts and 58 endometriotic cysts), 249 (42.6%) as neoplastic (81 benign lesions/tumours and 168 malignant) and 155 (26.5%) as inadequate. Based on the subsequent histopathology, which was available in 121 (20.7%), the cases were divided into those that were concordant and discordant. Concordant cases comprised 92/121 (76%), including 28 non‐neoplastic lesions (seven non‐specific inflammation, nine functional cysts and 12 endometriotic cysts), 42 surface epithelial tumours (13 benign and 29 malignant), 10 germ cell tumours (five mature cystic teratomas and five mixed germ cell tumours), seven sex‐cord stromal tumours (three granulosa cell tumours, one sclerosing stromal tumour, one strümal leutoma, one Sertoli Leydig cell tumour and one malignant Sertoli cell tumour) and five miscellaneous lesions (one plasma cell tumour, two leiomyosarcomas and two cases of necrosis). Discordant cases comprised 29/121 (24%) (21were inconclusive or inadequate on cytology), including four endometriotic cysts, 14 surface epithelial tumours (one cystadenofibroma, one borderline mucinous tumour and 12 carcinomas), five germ cell tumours (two immature teratomas and three mature cystic teratomas), two thecomas, one fibroma, one sclerosing stromal tumour, one fibrosarcoma and one myxoma. FNAC sensitivity for a diagnosis of malignancy was 85.7%, specificity 98.0%, positive predictive value 97.7%, negative predictive value 87.7% and accuracy 92.0%, if 21 inconclusive/inadequate FNACs were excluded; with the latter taken as false negatives, sensitivity was 73.7% and accuracy 76.0%.Conclusion:  FNAC has a high specificity for diagnosis of ovarian/adnexal lesions but greater experience is required for the accurate subtyping of neoplasms and sensitivity is limited by inconclusive/inadequate results.
Show your true colour: cues for male mate preference in an intra‐specific mimicry system
Authors: ISERBYT ARNE , VAN GOSSUM HANS 
Published: September 2011

1. Polymorphism limited to the female sex occurs in a variety of animal species and has been shown to be an attractive model system for examining general questions in signal detection theory.2. When observed in damselflies, typically one female morph is an example of sexual dimorphism, whereas the other is considered as a functional malemimic that resembles the male's phenotype in several traits.3. While several studies focused on male harassment and subsequent cost/benefit trade‐offs in female morphs, it remains understudied at the proximate level, which precise cues are relevant to mate‐searching males for discriminating among potential mates.4. In the present study, we scored male mate preference to natural and manipulated phenotypes in the polymorphic damselfly Nehalennia irene Hagen.5. In contrast to expectation, male preference did not change when colour was manipulated and male preference remained consistently for andromorph > male > gynomorph across treatments.6. This suggests that cues other than body coloration primarily affect male mate preference in the present study system.
Direct correlation of 4D seismic with well activity for a clarified dynamic reservoir interpretation
Authors: Huang Yi , MacBeth Colin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA method to provide an improved time‐lapse seismic attribute for dynamic interpretation is presented. This is based on the causal link between the time‐lapse seismic response and well production activity taken over time. The resultant image is obtained by computing correlation coefficients between sequences of time‐lapse seismic changes extracted over different time intervals from multiply repeated seismic and identical time sequences of cumulative fluid volumes produced or injected from the wells. Maps of these cross‐correlations show localized, spatially contiguous signals surrounding individual wells or a specific well group. These may be associated with connected regions around the selected well or well group. Application firstly to a synthetic data set reveals that hydraulic compartments may be delineated using this method. A second application to a field data set provides empirical evidence that a connected well‐centric fault block and active geobody can be detected. It is concluded that uniting well data and time‐lapse seismic using our proposed method delivers a new attribute for dynamic interpretation and potential updating of the model for the producing reservoir.
Influence of season and meteorological parameters on flight activity of Culicoides biting midges
Authors: Sanders Christopher J. , Shortall Chris R. , Gubbins Simon , Burgin Laura , Gloster John , Harrington Richard , Reynolds Don R. , Mellor Phillip S. , Carpenter Simon 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Culicoides biting midges are vectors of internationally important arboviruses including bluetongue virus (BTV). The ecological constraints imposed by the small body size of these insects strongly influence the epidemiology of the diseases they can carry. Bluetongue virus recently emerged in northern Europe, and atmospheric dispersion models have subsequently been employed to simulate vector movement (and hence likely spread of BTV). The data underlying such models, however, have hitherto either been obtained from small‐scale studies or from outside the north‐western Palaearctic.2. The effects of seasonality and local meteorological conditions upon the daily presence and abundance of Culicoides vectors were examined using 2760 samples collected across a network of 12 different habitat types in England during 2008. Over 50 000 individuals were estimated to be in the samples with males constituting 62% of the total collection, allowing straightforward comparison between potential vector species in terms of their activity rates and seasonality. Culicoides abundance was linked to livestock density and land use. Farm‐associated Culicoides species were recorded at all sites including species thought to be restricted to this ecosystem by larval habitat, suggesting a greater potential for dispersal over land than previously thought.3. Synthesis and applications. The model developed has already been applied in a functional dispersion model to predict disease risk from wind‐borne infected Culicoides incursion into the UK and elsewhere. The study has expounded the long‐distance dispersal potential of Culicoides, essential for future prediction of the incursion and spread of Culicoides‐borne pathogens. It has additionally contributed to the understanding of the ecology of highly dispersive insect vectors.
Effectiveness of multimedia interactive patient education on knowledge, uncertainty and decision‐making in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Chiou Chou‐Ping , Chung Yun‐Chen 
Published: September 2011

Aim.  This study tested the efficacy of a multimedia interactive DVD as an education tool for patients with end‐stage renal disease in terms of enhancing patient knowledge and decision‐making skills and decreasing uncertainty.Background.  End‐stage renal case numbers in Taiwan are growing by approximately 6000 new patients per year. Helping patients choose an optimal treatment method to maximise quality of life is an important healthcare issue for this patient population.Design.  This study adopted a quasi‐experimental design and focused on subjects being treated at one medical centre in southern Taiwan. The study divided subjects into experimental and control groups.Methods.  The experimental group received three multimedia interactive DVD nursing–guided interventions. The control group received only normal hospital health education. The study gathered data using several scales addressing knowledge, uncertainty perception and decision regret. Scales were implemented immediately before and after the multimedia interactive DVD nursing guidance intervention and at four and eight weeks postintervention. This study used an independent t‐test, chi‐square test and repeated measures analysis of variance.Results.  This study found significant improvements in the experimental group in terms of knowledge, pre‐dialysis uncertainty and decision regret. Experimental group subjects scored particularly less in terms of decision regret than those in the control group.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study demonstrated the efficacy of the developed multimedia interactive DVD in significantly improving end‐stage renal patient knowledge and reducing patient uncertainties and postdecision regret. Study findings can be used as a reference guide for clinical nursing education efforts in hospital and other healthcare settings.
A fuzzy‐set‐theory‐based approach to analyse species membership in DNA barcoding
Authors: ZHANG A.‐B. , MUSTER C. , LIANG H.‐B. , ZHU C.‐D. , CROZIER R. , WAN P. , FENG J. , WARD R. D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReliable assignment of an unknown query sequence to its correct species remains a methodological problem for the growing field of DNA barcoding. While great advances have been achieved recently, species identification from barcodes can still be unreliable if the relevant biodiversity has been insufficiently sampled. We here propose a new notion of species membership for DNA barcoding—fuzzy membership, based on fuzzy set theory—and illustrate its successful application to four real data sets (bats, fishes, butterflies and flies) with more than 5000 random simulations. Two of the data sets comprise especially dense species/population‐level samples. In comparison with current DNA barcoding methods, the newly proposed minimum distance (MD) plus fuzzy set approach, and another computationally simple method, ‘best close match’, outperform two computationally sophisticated Bayesian and BootstrapNJ methods. The new method proposed here has great power in reducing false‐positive species identification compared with other methods when conspecifics of the query are absent from the reference database.
Microgeographic socio‐genetic structure of an African cooperative breeding passerine revealed: integrating behavioural and genetic data
Authors: RIBEIRO Â. M. , LLOYD P. , FELDHEIM K. A. , BOWIE RAURI C. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDispersal can be motivated by multiple factors including sociality. Dispersal behaviour affects population genetic structure that in turn reinforces social organization. We combined observational information with individual‐based genetic data in the Karoo scrub‐robin, a facultative cooperatively breeding bird, to understand how social bonds within familial groups affect mating patterns, cause sex asymmetry in dispersal behaviour and ultimately influence the evolution of dispersal. Our results revealed that males and females do not have symmetrical roles in structuring the population. Males are extremely philopatric and tend to delay dispersal until they gain a breeding position within a radius of two territories around the natal site. By contrast, females dispersed over larger distances, as soon as they reach independence. This resulted in male neighbourhoods characterized by high genetic relatedness. The long‐distance dispersal strategy of females ensured that Karoo scrub‐robins do not pair with relatives thereby compensating for male philopatry caused by cooperation. The observed female‐biased strategy seems to be the most prominent mechanism to reduce the risk of inbreeding that characterizes social breeding system. This study demonstrates that tying together ecological data, such as breeding status, determining social relationships with genetic data, such as kinship, provides valuable insights into the proximate causes of dispersal, which are central to any evolutionary interpretation.
The MAP kinase MpkA controls cell wall integrity, oxidative stress response, gliotoxin production and iron adaptation in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Jain Radhika , Valiante Vito , Remme Nicole , Docimo Teresa , Heinekamp Thorsten , Hertweck Christian , Gershenzon Jonathan , Haas Hubertus , Brakhage Axel A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important air‐borne fungal pathogen. The cell wall of A. fumigatus has been studied intensively as a potential target for development of effective antifungal agents. A major role in maintaining cell wall integrity is played by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) MpkA. To gain a comprehensive insight into this central signal transduction pathway, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the ΔmpkA mutant under standard and cell wall stress conditions. Besides genes involved in cell wall remodelling, protection against ROS and secondary metabolism such as gliotoxin, pyomelanin and pseurotin A, also genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis were regulated by MpkA. Consistently, northern and western blot analyses indicated that iron starvation triggers phosphorylation and thus activation of MpkA. Furthermore, localization studies indicated that MpkA accumulates in the nucleus under iron depletion. Hence, we report the first connection between a MAPK pathway and siderophore biosynthesis. The measurement of amino acid pools and of the pools of polyamines indicated that arginine was continuously converted into ornithine to fuel the siderophore pool in the ΔmpkA mutant strain. Based on our data, we propose that MpkA fine‐tunes the balance between stress response and energy consuming cellular processes.
Formation of highly branched hyphae byColletotrichum acutatumwithin the fruit cuticles ofCapsicumspp.
Authors: Liao C.‐Y. , Chen M.‐Y. , Chen Y.‐K. , Kuo K.‐C. , Chung K.‐R. , Lee M.‐H. 
Published: September 2011

This study showed thatColletotrichum acutatumpenetrates the cuticle layer ofCapsicumspp. fruits by forming a previously uncharacterized structure from appressoria. This unusual structure was localized in the cuticle layer. The structure, formed within 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi), was a highly branched, well‐differentiated hypha which penetrated the epidermal cell at 72 hpi. The novel structure, with abnormally thick walls (about 250 nm), often formed multiple branches in the affected chilli pepper. This dendroid structure, probably required for penetration, was formed exclusively in the cuticle layer of chilli pepper fruits and was not found whenC. acutatumwas inoculated onto pepper petals, mango leaves, or fruits of tomato and aubergine.Colletotrichum acutatumproduced similar dendroid structures within resistant chilli pepper fruits, but eventually these structures turned dark brown and no further infection in the epidermal cells occurred, implicating the presence of inhibitors of the formation and development of the dendroid penetration structure in the resistant line.
Effects of R gene‐mediated resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) on asexual and sexual sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot)
Authors: Boys E. F. , Roques S. E. , West J. S. , Werner C. P. , King G. J. , Dyer P. S. , Fitt B. D. L. 
Published: September 2011

The phenotype of the R gene‐mediated resistance derived from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cv. Imola against the light leaf spot plant pathogen, Pyrenopeziza brassicae, was characterized. Using a doubled haploid B. napus mapping population that segregated for resistance against P. brassicae, development of visual symptoms was characterized and symptomless growth was followed using quantitative PCR and scanning electron microscopy on leaves of resistant/susceptible lines inoculated with suspensions of P. brassicae conidia. Initially, in controlled‐environment experiments, growth of P. brassicae was unaffected; then from 8 days post‐inoculation (dpi) some epidermal cells collapsed (‘black flecking’) in green living tissue of cv. Imola and from 13 to 36 dpi there was no increase in the amount of P. brassicae DNA and no asexual sporulation (acervuli/pustules). By contrast, during this period there was a 300‐fold increase in P. brassicae DNA and extensive asexual sporulation in leaves of the susceptible cv. Apex. However, when leaf tissue senesced, the amount of P. brassicae DNA increased rapidly in the resistant but not in the susceptible cultivar and sexual sporulation (apothecia) was abundant on senescent tissues of both. These results were consistent with observations from both controlled condition and field experiments with lines from the mapping population that segregated for this resistance. Analysis of results of both controlled‐environment and field experiments suggested that the resistance was mediated by a single R gene located on chromosome A1.
Infectivity of pre‐seroconversion donations: an analysis of lookback exercises in the Netherlands, 2000–2006
Authors: Lieshout‐Krikke R. W. , van ‘t Ende E. A. , Slot E. , Karomi S. , Kivit R. M. H. , Zaaijer H. L. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Objectives  Blood can be infectious if it is donated shortly before infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) becomes detectable. Lookback exercises may detect infection in recipients of pre‐seroconversion donations. This study provides an analysis of the Dutch lookback exercises in the years 2000 through 2006.Materials and Methods  All lookback procedures, triggered by 50 repeat donors seroconverting for HBV (n = 32), HCV (n = 3), HIV (n = 14) and HBV + HIV (n = 1), were analysed. Recipients and archived samples of the 96 implicated donations were tested.Results  For 76 donations, a stored sample was available for HBV, HCV, or HIV PCR testing, revealing two HBV‐DNA‐positive pre‐seroconversion donations. Ninety‐three lookback procedures were initiated, to which 91 of 93 hospitals responded. In 87 of 91 cases, the implicated blood product had been administered. In 39 of 87 cases, the recipient was tested, revealing one HIV and two HBV infections. The HIV infection was considered pre‐existent. The two HBV‐positive patients received components from the donation of which the repository sample tested positive for HBV‐DNA. Components of the second HBV‐positive pre‐seroconversion donation had not been administered.Conclusion  Among 39 recipients of pre‐seroconversion donations, 2 (5%) were found HBV infected by transfusion. The labour‐intensive lookback procedures did not reveal any conclusive transmissions additional to the infections detected by PCR testing of repository pre‐seroconversion samples.
Why does needle photosynthesis decline with tree height in Norway spruce?
Authors: Räim O. , Kaurilind E. , Hallik L. , Merilo E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeedle morphological, chemical and physiological characteristics of Norway spruce were studied in a forest chronosequence in Järvselja Experimental Forest, Estonia. Current‐year shoots were sampled from upper canopy positions in five stands, ranging in height from 1.8 to 33.0 m (corresponding age range was 10–85 years). A/Ci curves were determined to obtain maximum carboxylation rates (Vcmax) and maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax). Needle nitrogen (N) partitioning into photosynthetic functions was calculated from the values of Vcmax, Jmax and leaf chlorophyll concentration. All needle size parameters (length, width, thickness, volume and cross‐sectional areas of mesophyll and xylem) increased significantly with tree height. The needles of taller trees had lower mass‐based N and chlorophyll concentrations (21% and 43% difference between shortest and tallest stands, respectively), but higher dry mass per area (35%), dry mass per volume (18%), number of cells per mesophyll cross‐section area (40%) and partitioning of N into non‐photosynthetic functions (12%). Light saturated net assimilation rate, Vcmax, Jmax and stomatal conductance decreased with tree age (35%, 16%, 12% and 29% difference, respectively). A path analysis model describing tree age‐related reduction of photosynthetic capacity as a result of sink limitation provided the best fit to our data. However, since the path model corresponding to source limitation, where photosynthetic reduction derives from changes in needle structure and chemistry was not rejected, we conclude that the decline in photosynthesis with tree age results from several mechanisms (limited sink strength, stomatal and N limitation) operating simultaneously and sequentially.
Intravaginal Progesterone Devices in Synchronization Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Beef Heifers
Authors: Martinez MF , de Nava G , Demmers KJ , Tutt D , Rodriguez Sabarrós M , Smaill B , Corti M , Juengel J 
Published: September 2011

ContentsTwo experiments were designed to investigate the administration of intravaginal progesterone in protocols for oestrus and ovulation synchronization in beef heifers. In Experiment 1, cyclic Black Angus heifers (n = 20) received an Ovsynch protocol and were randomly assigned to receive (CIDR‐Ovsynch) or not (Ovsynch) a progesterone device between Days 0 and 7. Treatment with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device significantly increased the size of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation (12.8 ± 0.4 CIDR‐Ovsynch vs 11.4 ± 0.4 Ovsynch) (p < 0.02). Plasma progesterone concentrations throughout the experiment were affected by the interaction between group and day effects (p < 0.004). In Experiment 2, cyclic Polled Hereford heifers (n = 382) were randomly assigned to one of the six treatment groups (3 × 2 factorial design) to receive a CIDR, a used bovine intravaginal device (DIB), or a medroxiprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponge and GnRH analogues (lecirelin or buserelin). All heifers received oestradiol benzoate plus one of the devices on Day 0 and PGF on Day 7 pm (device withdrawal). Heifers were detected in oestrus 36 h after PGF and inseminated 8–12 h later, while the remainder received GnRH 48 h after PGF and were inseminated on Day 10 (60 h). The number of heifers detected in oestrus on Day 8 and conception rate to AI on Day 9 were higher (p < 0.01) in the used‐DIB than in the CIDR or MAP groups, while the opposite occurred with the pregnancy rate to FTAI on Day 10 (p < 0.01). There was no effect of progesterone source, GnRH analogue or their interaction on overall pregnancy rates (64.9%). Progesterone treatment of heifers during an Ovsynch protocol resulted in a larger pre‐ovulatory follicle in beef heifers. Progesterone content of intravaginal devices in synchronization protocols is important for the timing of AI, as the use of low‐progesterone devices can shorten the interval to oestrus.