bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of Haemal Nodes in the Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: Akaydin Bozkurt Y. , Kabak M. 
Published: July 2010

With 5 figuresSummaryThe present study was aimed at the determination of the morphology of haemal nodes in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The morphology of haemal nodes located in the abdominal and thoracic cavities of six roe deer (two adult male, two adult female and two foetuses) was studied by gross inspection and histological methods. Oval‐ and round‐shaped haemal nodes with colours varying from pink to dark red were observed particularly between the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava, and at the beginning of the main branches of the abdominal aorta. These nodes, having connection only with blood vessels, were covered with a thin or thick capsule of connective tissue in the foetus and the adult respectively. Trabeculae were not observed in foetal nodes. In adults, the capsule, trabeculae and, in particular, the sinuses were strongly supported by reticular fibres and cells. The morphology of these nodes displayed similarity to that of other ruminant species.
Towards Functional Glycomics by Lectin Histochemistry: Strategic Probe Selection to Monitor Core and Branch‐end Substitutions and Detection of Cell‐type and Regional Selectivity in Adult Mouse Testis and Epididymis
Authors: Lohr M. , Kaltner H. , Schwartz‐Albiez R. , Sinowatz F. , Gabius H.‐J. 
Published: July 2010

With 2 figures and 3 tablesSummaryThe emerging insights into glycan functionality direct increasing attention to monitor core modifications ofN‐glycans and branch‐end structures. To address this issue in histochemistry, a panel of lectins with respective specificities was devised. The selection of probes with overlapping specificities facilitated to relate staining profiles to likely target structures. The experiments on fixed sections of adult murine testis and epididymis were carried out at non‐saturating lectin concentrations to visualize high‐affinity sites with optimal signal‐to‐background ratio. They revealed selectivity in lectin reactivity for distinct cell types and segment‐dependent staining in the epididymis. Leydig cells, for instance, were reactive with theSambucus nigraagglutinin and human siglec‐2 (CD22), two lectins also separating principal from basal and apical cells in the caput segments I–III of the epididymis. Apical cells were reactive with theMaackia amurensisagglutinin‐I, and basal cells with the erythroagglutinin ofPhaseolus vulgaris. The reported differences support the concept of lectin staining as cell marker. They thus intimate to study glycogene (genes for glycosyltransferases and lectins) expression and cellular reactivity with tissue lectins. These investigations will be instrumental to assign a role as biochemical signals to the detected staining properties.
Relative efficiency of the maize‐ and Imperata cylindrica‐mediated chromosome elimination approaches for induction of haploids of wheat‐rye derivatives
Authors: Kishore N. , Chaudhary H. K. , Chahota R. K. , Kumar V. , Sood S. P. , Jeberson S. , Tayeng T. 
Published: July 2010

With 1 table AbstractBackcrosses were attempted of F1 hybrids of spring wheat genotypes (HS 375 and C 306) and winter wheat genotypes (Saptdhara and Tyari) with the Indian rye (Secale cereale L.) landrace ‘Lahaul Local’. Intergeneric hybridizations using pollen of maize and Imperata cylindrica (2n = 20), a wild and weedy species, were conducted in the wheat‐rye‐derived backcross BC1F1 and BC1F2 generations to study the relative efficiency of the two chromosome elimination approaches in the induction of haploid plants. Although seed formation was similar with both pollen sources, the relative frequency of embryo‐carrying seeds ranged from 8% to 30% with I. cylindrica, whereas with maize, no embryo‐carrying seed was obtained. Comparisons of induction of haploid plants in the wheat‐rye backcross derivatives showed that the wheat × I. cylindrica system was superior to the wheat × maize system and was also cost effective as it shares the flowering season with wheat in sub‐temperate conditions.
Model selection and its consequences for different split‐plot designs with spatial covariance and trend
Authors: Spilke J. , Richter C. , Piepho H.P. 
Published: July 2010

With 1 figure and 10 tables AbstractSplit‐plot designs play an important role in agricultural field trials, particularly in plant breeding. Analysis of split‐plot experiments may be performed by classical randomization‐based anova‐type models. In addition, spatial covariance can be modelled to improve precision. This study investigates the properties of alternative variance–covariance structures (random blocks, spatial covariance) using Monte‐Carlo simulation for design scenarios commonly found in plant breeding and variety testing. We investigate the efficiency of model selection by information criteria (AICC, BIC). Our results indicate that efficient model selection can be expected when there are marked differences among models with respect to the empirical error rates (type I error and power) as well as the precision of effect estimates (MSE). A comparison of approximations to the denominator degrees of freedom shows that for spatial models use of the Kenward–Roger method gives reasonable control of the nominal type I error rate.
Lactobacillus reuteri in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP)
Authors: Romano Claudio , Ferrau' Valeria , Cavataio Francesca , Iacono Giuseppe , Spina Massimo , Lionetti Elena , Comisi Fabrizio , Famiani Annalisa , Comito Donatella 
Published: July 2010

Aim:  Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a frequent condition affecting 10–20% of children and can be considered within the classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in children with FAP.Methods:  The children (aged 6–16 years) were screened for FAP as defined in the Rome III criteria and 60 patients were recruited in this double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial. The children were randomly allocated to receive either L. reuteri (2 × 108 CFU/day) or identical placebo for 4 weeks followed by a 4‐week follow‐up period without supplementation. Frequency and intensity of pain was self‐recorded by the subjects.Results:  The L. reuteri‐supplemented children had significantly lower pain intensity compared with the placebo controls.Conclusions:  Supplementation with L. reuteri reduced perceived abdominal pain intensity, which may encourage clinicians to use this probiotic in children with FAP.
Effect of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab on the expression of VEGF and CD34 in the retina of diabetic rats
Authors: Ma Jin , Zhu TiePei , Tang Xiajin , Ye Panpan , Zhang Zhen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab as a preventive intervention of vascular endothelial cell proliferation in the retina of diabetic rats.Methods:  Fifty‐four streptozotocin‐induced diabetic Wistar rats were injected intravitreally with 3 µL (25 mg/mL) of bevacizumab into left eyes and 3 µL of saline into the right eyes. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for CD34 and VEGF were used to assess retinal angiogenesis, and transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the ultrastructure of retinal capillaries.Results:  Retinal expression of VEGF was inhibited 1 week and 1 month after injection (P < 0.01, paired t‐test), and the expression of CD34 was not obviously inhibited until 2 months after injection (P < 0.05, paired t‐test). Using multiple comparisons between the left eyes of bevacizumab‐treated rats, the VEGF expression before injection was higher than at 1 week or 1 month after injection (P < 0.05, Dunnett's t‐test), and similar to 2 months after injection (P > 0.05, Dunnett's t‐test). The amount of VEGF expression was higher 2 months after injection than 1 week or 1 month after injection, and also higher 1 week after injection compared with 1 month after injection (P < 0.05, Student–Newman–Keuls test). CD34 expression decreased more significantly 2 months after injection compared with before injection, 1 week or 1 month after injection (P < 0.05, Dunnett's t‐test).Conclusion:  A single intraocular injection of bevacizumab may be beneficial as a therapy for preventing retinal vascular endothelial cell growth in the eyes of diabetic rats.
A subset of naturally isolated Bacillus strains show extreme virulence to the free‐living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Rae Robbie , Iatsenko Igor , Witte Hahn , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe main food source of free‐living nematodes in the soil environment is bacteria, which can affect nematode development, fecundity and survival. In order to occupy a reliable source of bacterial food, some nematodes have formed specific relationships with an array of invertebrate hosts (where bacteria proliferate once the hosts dies), thus forming a tritrophic system of nematode, bacteria and insect or other invertebrates. We isolated 768 Bacillus strains from soil (from Germany and the UK), horse dung and dung beetles and fed them to the genetically tractable free‐living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus to isolate nematocidal strains. While C. elegans is a bacteriovorous soil nematode, P. pacificus is an omnivorous worm that is often found in association with scarab beetles. We found 20 Bacillus strains (consisting of B. cereus, B. weihenstephanensis, B. mycoides and Bacillus sp.) that were pathogenic to C. elegans and P. pacificus causing 70% to 100% mortality over 5 days and significantly affect development and brood size. The most pathogenic strains are three B. cereus‐like strains isolated from dung beetles, which exhibit extreme virulence to C. elegans in less than 24 h, but P. pacificus remains resistant. C. elegans Bre mutants were also highly susceptible to the B. cereus‐like strains indicating that their toxins use a different virulence mechanism than B. thuringiensis Cry 5B toxin. Also, mutations in the daf‐2/daf‐16 insulin signaling pathway do not rescue survival. We profiled the toxin genes (bcet, nhe complex, hbl complex, pcpl, sph, cytK, piplc, hly2, hly3, entFM and entS) of these three B. cereus‐like strains and showed presence of most toxin genes but absence of the hbl complex. Taken together, this study shows that the majority of naturally isolated Bacillus from soil, horse dung and Geotrupes beetles are benign to both C. elegans and P. pacificus. Among 20 pathogenic strains with distinct virulence patterns against the two nematodes, we selected three B. cereus‐like strains to investigate resistance and susceptibility immune responses in nematodes.
Efficient rhizosphere colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens f113 mutants unable to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces
Authors: Barahona Emma , Navazo Ana , Yousef‐Coronado Fátima , Aguirre de Cárcer Daniel , Martínez‐Granero Francisco , Espinosa‐Urgel Manuel , Martín Marta , Rivilla Rafael 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMotility is a key trait for rhizosphere colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Mutants with reduced motility are poor competitors, and hypermotile, more competitive phenotypic variants are selected in the rhizosphere. Flagellar motility is a feature associated to planktonic, free‐living single cells, and although it is necessary for the initial steps of biofilm formation, bacteria in biofilm lack flagella. To test the correlation between biofilm formation and rhizosphere colonization, we have used P. fluorescens F113 hypermotile derivatives and mutants affected in regulatory genes which in other bacteria modulate biofilm development, namely gacS (G), sadB (S) and wspR (W). Mutants affected in these three genes and a hypermotile variant (V35) isolated from the rhizosphere were impaired in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, but colonized the alfalfa root apex as efficiently as the wild‐type strain, indicating that biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and rhizosphere colonization follow different regulatory pathways in P. fluorescens. Furthermore, a triple mutant gacSsadBwspR (GSW) and V35 were more competitive than the wild‐type strain for root‐tip colonization, suggesting that motility is more relevant in this environment than the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. Microscopy showed the same root colonization pattern for P. fluorescens F113 and all the derivatives: extensive microcolonies, apparently held to the rhizoplane by a mucigel that seems to be plant produced. Therefore, the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces does not necessarily correlates with efficient rhizosphere colonization or competitive colonization.
The global regulator Crc modulates metabolism, susceptibility to antibiotics and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Linares Juan F. , Moreno Renata , Fajardo Alicia , Martínez‐Solano Laura , Escalante Ricardo , Rojo Fernando , Martínez José L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe capacity of a bacterial pathogen to produce a disease in a treated host depends on the former's virulence and resistance to antibiotics. Several scattered pieces of evidence suggest that these two characteristics can be influenced by bacterial metabolism. This potential relationship is particularly important upon infection of a host, a situation that demands bacteria adapt their physiology to their new environment, making use of newly available nutrients. To explore the potential cross‐talk between bacterial metabolism, antibiotic resistance and virulence, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa model was used. This species is an important opportunistic pathogen intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. The role of Crc, a global regulator that controls the metabolism of carbon sources and catabolite repression in Pseudomonas, was analysed to determine its contribution to the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and virulence of P. aeruginosa. Using proteomic analyses, high‐throughput metabolic tests and functional assays, the present work shows the virulence and antibiotic resistance of this pathogen to be linked to its physiology, and to be under the control (directly or indirectly) of Crc. A P. aeruginosa strain lacking the Crc regulator showed defects in type III secretion, motility, expression of quorum sensing‐regulated virulence factors, and was less virulent in a Dictyostelium discoideum model. In addition, this mutant strain was more susceptible to beta‐lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin and rifampin. Crc might therefore be a good target in the search for new antibiotics.
High temporal and inter‐individual variation detected in the human ileal microbiota
Authors: Booijink Carien C. G. M. , El‐Aidy Sahar , Rajilić‐Stojanović Mirjana , Heilig Hans G. H. J. , Troost Freddy J. , Smidt Hauke , Kleerebezem Michiel , De Vos Willem M. , Zoetendal Erwin G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe diversity and temporal stability of the predominant bacteria in the human ileum was studied with the use of ileal effluent samples of seven individuals with Brooke ileostomies. The total number of bacteria within the ileal effluent was in the range of 107–108bacteria per gram (wet weight). The diversity of the bacteria in the ileal effluent showed marked differences compared with that in faecal samples from age‐matched healthy adults. The ileal effluent had a higher relative abundance of species within the ordersLactobacillalesandClostridiales, mainlyStreptococcus bovis‐related species, and theVeillonellagroup, and a lower proportion of species related toRuminococcus gnavus,R. obeumandBacteroides plebeius. In addition, inter‐individual differences were found, indicative of a highly personal ileal microbiota profile. Furthermore, temporal profiles showed large fluctuations per individual over a period of 9–28 days (average similarity over a period of 9 days was as low as 44%), and differences between morning and afternoon profiles were observed. Parallel cloning and sequencing efforts revealed several phylotypes that were not identified in previous studies (12 out of 65 phylotypes showed less than 97% sequence similarity with previously reported sequences).Achaeawere found to be below detection limit by quantitative PCR. Overall, the results indicate that the microbiota of the human ileum is relatively unstable, less complex and consisting of different dominating phylotypes when compared with the colonic microbiota.
How the State is Handling the Property Crisis in France: A Perspective on Recent Government Measures
Authors: POLLARD JULIE 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis essay aims to compare public‐policy reactions to the property crisis in the 1990s with reactions to the current crisis, based on France as an example. It argues that although this crisis does not have the same origin or the same characteristics as the earlier one, reactions have been similar. The solutions the state has adopted have all prioritized the economic handling of the property crisis over the social handling of the housing crisis. Support for the market and subsidies for private actors in the sector predominate. Current measures are on a continuum with earlier measures: the current period does not seem very conducive to a fundamental review of the instruments and orientations of housing policy. However, one point of difference should be emphasized, namely the political reaction time, which has been much shorter in the early 2000s than it was in the 1990s. Then, it took nearly 5 years before the most important supportive measures were instituted, whereas in 2008 it took only a few months.Résumé À partir du cas français, l'objectif de ce texte est de comparer les réactions, en termes de politiques publiques, à la crise immobilière des années 1990 et à la crise actuelle. L'idée défendue est que si la crise actuelle n'a pas la même origine ni les mêmes caractéristiques que la précédente, les réactions de l'action publique sont proches. Les solutions adoptées consacrent la priorité accordée au traitement économique de la crise immobilière par rapport au traitement social de la crise du logement. Le soutien au marché et les aides aux acteurs privés du secteur dominent. Les mesures prises s'inscrivent dans la continuité de mesures antérieures: la période apparaît peu propice à une remise à plat des instruments et orientations de la politique du logement. Un point de différenciation doit toutefois être souligné: le temps de réaction politique. Il est nettement plus rapide aujourd'hui qu'il ne l'avait été dans les années 1990. Il avait alors fallu attendre près de cinq ans pour les mesures de soutien les plus importantes et il n'a fallu, en 2008, que quelques mois.
The Global Financial Crisis and Migrant Workers in China: ‘There is No Future as a Labourer; Returning to the Village has No Meaning’
Authors: CHAN KAM WING 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis essay examines the impact of the global financial crisis on rural migrant labour in China, with a focus on unemployment. It illustrates the interaction of global and China‐specific processes in the context of the worldwide recession. The essay first summarizes China's unique socio‐economic system and the mechanisms that have created a system of ‘rural migrant labour’ and ‘super‐cheapened’ it to help make China the ‘world's factory’. The main part of the essay examines the unemployment situation for migrants in late 2008 and the first half of 2009, and the dislocations and problems migrant labourers are facing. The China story is complex but interesting, not only for its rather complicated lexicon and statistics that often confuse outside observers, but also for its distinctive system of exploiting the rural population and internal migrant labour. This system makes the impact of the global crisis on migrant labourers, which are at the bottom of the global supply chain, all the more apparent. The last part of this essay analyses recent governmental fiscal‐stimulus policies and measures as well as their impact on rural migrant labour, making some broader observations and linking the crisis to China's model of development.RésuméCe texte examine l’impact de la crise financière mondiale sur la main‐d’œuvre migrante rurale chinoise en s’intéressant notamment au chômage. Il illustre l’interaction des processus planétaires et nationaux dans le cadre de la récession mondiale. Une synthèse présente d’abord le régime socio‐économique unique du pays, ainsi que les mécanismes qui ont créé un système de ‘main‐d’œuvre migrante rurale’ tout en ‘hyper‐dépréciant’ ces travailleurs afin de faire de la Chine ‘l’usine du monde’. L’étude centrale porte sur le chômage des migrants entre la fin 2008 et le premier semestre 2009, ainsi que sur les bouleversements et problèmes que rencontrent les ouvriers migrants. L’histoire chinoise est complexe mais intéressante, non seulement à cause d’un vocabulaire et de statistiques compliqués qui déroutent souvent les observateurs extérieurs, mais aussi par son système spécifique d’exploitation de la population rurale et de la main‐d’œuvre migrante. Ce système renforce d’autant plus l’impact de la crise mondiale sur les ouvriers migrants, lesquels se trouvent tout en bas de la chaîne d’approvisionnement mondial. En revenant sur les récentes politiques et mesures d’incitation fiscale du gouvernement et sur leurs conséquences pour la main‐d’œuvre migrante rurale, la dernière partie élargit le champ des observations et relie la crise au modèle de développement chinois.
Biogeographic regions of the Iberian Peninsula: butterflies as biogeographical indicators
Authors: Romo H. , García‐Barros E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective definition of geographic regions based on biotic criteria is useful for summarizing biodiversity as well as for predicting the geographically differential effects of general trends and for planning an adequate distribution of the protected areas. We propose a regionalization of the Ibero‐Balearic area based on butterfly presence–absence data and a synthesis of several clustering methods (similarity, parsimony analysis and multivariate techniques), and characterize the sub‐regions on the basis of diagnostic species. Seven regions are proposed. The results showed two basic gradients, which apparently lead the butterfly species distributions within the study area: a north‐east–south‐west one, related to altitude and species richness, and a west–east one, implying a humidity or lithologic gradient. The Balearic Islands remain as an independent region in all cases. The observed divisions probably reflect the distribution of species richness in the study area. Characteristic species for each of the regions were identified using a numerical preference index. The network of protected areas is well represented in all of the sectors proposed, although three of the proposed sub‐sectors are under‐represented if sampling effort is taken into consideration.