bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the Proposed International Classification of High‐Resolution Computed Tomography for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Suganuma Narufumi , Kusaka Yukinori , Hering Kurt G. , Vehmas Tapio , Kraus Thomas , Arakawa Hiroaki , Parker John E. , Kivisaari Leena , Letourneux Marc , Gevenois Pierre A. , Tuengerthal Siegfreud , Crane Michael D. , Shida Hisao , Akira Masanori , Henry Daniel A. , Nakajima Yasuo , Hiraga Yohmei , Itoh Harumi , Hosoda Yutaka 
Published: June 2009

Reliability of the Proposed International Classification of High‐Resolution Computed Tomography for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases: Narufumi Suganuma, et al. Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical SchoolPurposeWe have developed a classification of high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images for screening, surveillance and epidemiological studies of respiratory diseases caused by occupational and environmental factors. The proposed classification consists of three parts: a guideline explaining the elements of the classification scheme, a reading sheet, and reference films to aid in assessing thin‐section CT films. We assessed the reliability of the proposed classification system by blinded, independent trial reading.Materials and MethodsSeven independent radiologists and pulmonologists performed a trial reading to measure the reliability of the classification system using HRCT films from 27 pneumoconiosis patients and 7 normal controls.ResultsThe agreement was moderate to good for rounded opacities (weighted κ=0.68 and 0.64), irregular opacities (0.59, 0.48), honeycombing (0.65, 0.47), emphysema (0.76, 0.62) and large opacities (0.48, 0.52). Ground glass opacities (0.16, 0.20) showed poor to fair agreement. Intra‐reader agreement of each of the seven readers was moderate to good (mean: weighted κ=0.52–0.80) for parenchymal findings, but the agreement was relatively low (mean weighted κ=0.52) for ground glass opacities.ConclusionThe proposed classification is able to describe early dust‐related fibrotic changes and provide a semi‐quantitative description of the HRCT features of major fibrotic changes in the parenchyma and pleura. Reliability, as measured by inter‐reader agreement, was satisfactory.
Airway Inflammation and Upregulation of β2 Mac‐1 Integrin Expression on Circulating Leukocytes of Female Ragpickers in India
Authors: Ray Manas Ranjan , Roychoudhury Sanghita , Mukherjee Sayali , Siddique Shabana , Banerjee Madhuchanda , Akolkar A.B. , Sengupta B. , Lahiri Twisha 
Published: June 2009

Airway Inflammation and Upregulation of β2 Mac‐1 Integrin Expression on Circulating Leukocytes of Female Ragpickers in India: Manas Ranjan Ray, et al. Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, IndiaObjectivesOver one million ragpickers collect and sale recyclable materials from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in India for a living. Since MSW contains a host of pathogenic microorganisms, we investigated the occurrence of airway inflammation and its underlying mechanism in 52 non‐smoking female ragpickers (median age 29 yr) and 42 control women matched for age, smoking habit and socioeconomic conditions in Kolkata, eastern India.MethodsSpontaneously expectorated sputum were stained using the Papanicolau method for cytology, and flow cytometry was used for measurements of surface expression of β2 Mac‐1 integrin (CD11b/CD18) on leukocytes and P‐selectin on platelets. The concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and chemokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were measured in plasma by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCompared with controls, sputum samples of ragpickers contained significantly increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes, suggesting airway inflammation. Circulating neutrophils and monocytes of the ragpickers overexpressed CD11b/CD18 and their platelets had upregulated surface expression of P‐selectin, implying functional activation of these cells. In addition, plasma levels of IL‐8 and TNF‐α were significantly increased, indicating greater trafficking of leukocytes from circulation to the tissues. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive association between the ragpicking profession and leukocyte activation after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsRagpickers experience leukocyte and platelet activation and airway inflammation that could make them more vulnerable to tissue damage and cardiovascular diseases.
Employment Contracts: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Relations with Quality of Working Life, Health and Well‐being
Authors: Kompier Michiel , Ybema Jan Fekke , Janssen Julia , Taris Toon 
Published: June 2009

Employment Contracts: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Relations with Quality of Working Life, Health and Well‐being: Michiel Kompier, et al. Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The NetherlandsObjectivesThe aim of this study was to enhance (i) insight in the relationship between different types of employment contract and the quality of working life, health and well‐being, and (ii) our causal understanding of these relationships by comparing employees whose contract type changes across time.MethodsAnalyses were based on a two‐year prospective cohort study. Cross‐sectional analyses were based upon a sample of 2,454 Dutch employees (2004). Longitudinal data were available for 1,865 respondents (2004–2006). We distinguished among 5 contract types, and subgroups of ‘Upward’ (i.e., towards permanent employment) and ‘Downward’ (towards temporary employment) movers across time. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and cross table analysis.ResultsCross‐sectionally, we found differences between contract types in quality of working life: generally permanent employees had better jobs, whereas temporary agency workers and on call workers had more ‘bad work characteristics’. We also found a difference in health behaviour (smoking) and that psychological health was worst among temporary agency workers. In longitudinal analyses we found some evidence that a positive change in employment contract was associated with a better quality of working life and better psychological health, whereas the opposite was true for a negative contract change.ConclusionsThe quality of working life, health and well‐being are unequally distributed over employment contract groups. Temporary agency workers and on‐call workers deserve special attention in terms of job design and human resource management.
How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan
Authors: Shimazu Akihito , Bakker Arnold B. , Demerouti Evangelia 
Published: June 2009

How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner: A Test of the Spillover‐Crossover Model in Japan: Akihito Shimazu, et al. Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of MedicineObjectivesThe present study examined how job demands affect an intimate partner's well‐being. We hypothesized that job demands have a negative influence on partner well‐being through the experience of work‐family conflict (WFC) and an impaired quality of the relationship (reduced social support and increased social undermining towards the partner).MethodsThe participants of this study were 99 couples of dual‐earner parents in Japan.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, men's job demands (i.e. overload and emotional demands) were positively related to their own reports of WFC, and indirectly to women's ratings of men's WFC. Consequently, women's ratings of men's WFC were negatively related to the quality of the relationship (i.e. decreased social support from and increased social undermining by men), which, in turn, led to women's ill‐health (i.e. depressive symptoms and physical complaints). We found similar findings for the model starting with women's job demands; gender did not affect the strength of the relationships in the model.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that high job demands initiate a process of work‐family conflict and poor relationship quality, which may eventually affect the intimate partner's well‐being in an unfavorable way.
Oral Carcinogenicity and Toxicity of 2‐Amino‐4‐chlorophenol in Rats
Authors: Yamazaki Kazunori , Suzuki Masaaki , Kano Hirokazu , Umeda Yumi , Matsumoto Michiharu , Asakura Masumi , Nagano Kasuke , Arito Heihachiro , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: June 2009

Oral Carcinogenicity and Toxicity of 2‐Amino‐4‐chlorophenol in Rats: Kazunori Yamazaki, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health AssociationObjectivesThis study was carried out to clarify the subchronic and chronic toxicity, and carcinogenicity of 2‐amino‐4‐chlorophenol(ACP).MethodsCarcinogenicity, and chronic and subchronic toxicity of ACP were examined by feeding 10 rats of both sexes ACP‐containing diet at a dose level of 0 (control), 512, 1,280, 3,200, 8,000 or 20,000 ppm (w/w) for 13 wk and 50 rats of both sexes at a dose level of 0, 1,280, 3,200 or 8,000 ppm for 2 yr.ResultsThe 13‐wk oral subchronic toxicity of ACP was characterized by proliferative lesions leading to development of tumors in the forestomach and urinary bladder and by erythrocyte toxicity as evidenced by decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit and concurrent increases in methemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts. Both simple and papillary and/or nodular types of transitional cell hyperplasias were observed in the urinary bladder of ACP‐fed male rats. The proliferative lesions appeared at higher doses of ACP after the 13‐wk administration than clear erythrocyte toxicity did. The 2‐yr oral administration of ACP significantly increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach of male and female rats and transitional cell carcinomas in the urinary bladder of male rats. These tumor incidences increased dose‐dependently. Notably, clear signs of erythrocyte toxicity were not evident after the 2‐yr administration of ACP.ConclusionClear evidence of carcinogenic activity of ACP was shown in male and female rats. These data might be useful for the health risk assessment of workers exposed to ACP.
Limitations on Work and Attendance Rates after Employees with Cancer Returned to Work at a Single Manufacturing Company in Japan
Authors: Ohguri Takayuki , Narai Rie , Funahashi Atsushi , Nishiura Chihiro , Yamashita Tsuyoshi , Yarita Keiichiro , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: June 2009

Limitations on Work and Attendance Rates after Employees with Cancer Returned to Work at a Single Manufacturing Company in Japan: Takayuki Ohguri, et al. Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the work limitations and attendance rates after employees diagnosed with cancer returned to work from sick leave, and to identify the related factors for the limitations and attendance rates at a single manufacturing company in Japan.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 129 men and 4 women, employed in a single manufacturing industry, who returned to work after sick leave due to newly diagnosis of cancer. Limitations on work after the return to work were enforced in the workplace based on an industrial physician's evaluation. All the employees who needed measures for work were examined by the industrial physicians every 1–6 months until the termination of such work limitations.ResultsLimitations on work after the return to work were enforced for 79 (59%) employees (36 employees with alteration of work, 31 with prohibition of shift work and 55 with prohibition of overtime work). A higher degree of work limitations was significantly correlated with work‐related factors before sick leave (i.e. shift work, production line) as well as disease/treatment‐related factors (i.e. chemotherapy, recurrence/metastasis), while the attendance rates after the return to work were not correlated with adverse work‐related factors before sick leave.ConclusionThe enforcement of work limitations for employees with cancer was relatively common and was based on both disease/treatment‐and work‐related factors, and this phenomenon may play an important role in the return to work as well as the successful continuation of work after cancer survivors return to work.
Physician Job Satisfaction and Working Conditions in Japan
Authors: Wada Koji , Arimatsu Mayuri , Higashi Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Toru , Oda Susumu , Taniguchi Hatsumi , Kawashima Masatoshi , Aizawa Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2009

Physician Job Satisfaction and Working Conditions in Japan: Koji Wada, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kitasato University School of MedicineObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine factors of working conditions associated with job satisfaction among physicians in Japan.MethodsWe sent a questionnaire to all the physicians who graduated from a medical school in Japan. Physicians who were satisfied with their job were determined as those who selected “very satisfied” and “satisfied” in response to the question: “Overall, are you satisfied with your job?” Working conditions were determined from 10 different aspects: income fairness, hospital resources, career satisfaction, difficulty in patient care, lack of personal time, administrative work, workload, and relationships with physician colleagues, staff and patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between working conditions and job satisfaction.ResultsAmong the respondents, 209 (55.4%) men and 62 (61.4%) women were determined to be satisfied with their job. Job satisfaction was associated with income fairness for both men (corrected odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.47) and women (1.35, 1.05 to 1.53). For men, job satisfaction was associated with good hospital resources (1.45, 1.29 to 1.57), high career satisfaction (1.41, 1.23 to 1.57), good relationships with physician colleagues (1.33, 1.12 to 1.49), and good relationships with hospital staff (1.28, 1.07 to 1.45). For women, job satisfaction was associated with good relationships with patients (1.41, 1.07 to 1.56).ConclusionsCertain working conditions were important factors for job satisfaction among physicians. These factors should be discussed for improving working conditions.
Symptom Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Effects of Prior Acute Injury among Aging Male Steelworkers
Authors: Choi Won‐Jun , Kang Young‐Joong , Kim Ji‐Young , Han Sang‐Hwan 
Published: June 2009

Symptom Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Effects of Prior Acute Injury among Aging Male Steelworkers: Won‐Jun Choi, et al. Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, KoreaObjectivesThe prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and related factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire among male steel workers at a large steel company in Korea including a number of aged employees and workers with prior acute injuries.MethodsOf an eligible 2,093 workers, 1,836 responded to the survey. Among 39 job groups, 8 major job groups (1,068 subjects) were selected to evaluate the potential risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 19.1% for the upper extremities, 7.6% for the back, and 7.7% for the lower extremities. Regardless of body part, the prevalence was 25.5%. In logistic regression analysis, among workers of 8 major job groups, those who experienced prior acute injuries were more likely to have musculoskeletal symptoms in the same region as that of the injury (for the upper extremities, odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–3.16; for the back, OR 7.35, 95% CI 4.01–13.48; for the lower extremities, OR 4.20, 95% CI 2.33–7.57), after adjusting for age, duration of employment, and job contents.ConclusionsThe effect of job contents differed according to the presence of prior acute injury. Among workers with prior injuries, the relationship between job contents and musculoskeletal symptoms was not statistically significant in general. Among workers with no prior injuries, job contents was a significant variable for the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper extremities and back, after adjusting for age and duration of employment. These findings suggest that prior acute injuries are a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the workforce. More detailed and specific strategies for managing musculoskeletal disorders including prevention of musculoskeletal injuries is needed.
Feto-Placental Atherosclerotic Lesions in Intrauterine Fetal Demise: Role of Parental Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Mecchia D , Lavezzi A.M , Mauri M , Matturri L 
Published: June 2009

The atherogenic effect of cigarette smoking is already recognizable in coronary arteries of fetuses in the last gestational weeks. In this study we analyzed the atherogenic effect of mother’s and father’s smoking habit on coronary arteries and even on adnexa of 30 human fresh fetuses died from 32 to 41 gestational weeks. In 12 cases only the mothers of the victims were cigarette smokers, in 7 cases only the fathers were smokers, whereas in 11 cases nobody smoked.
We observed pre-atherosclerotic and initial atherosclerotic lesions of the adnexa in 21 cases, of which 11 cases had only mother smokers and 6 cases only father smokers. The atherogenic effect is statistically significant in both smoker groups, but stronger in maternal one. The atherosclerotic lesions found in umbilical and placental arteries are similar to those described in fetal coronary arteries: thickening of the arterial walls caused by proliferation and migration of the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media with loss of polarity and infiltration of the subendothelial connective tissue.
Acid Resistance of the Enamel in Primary Second Molars from Children with Down Syndrome and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Keinan David , Radko Anna , Smith Patricia , Zilberman Uri 
Published: June 2009

Objectives:
This study was carried out to evaluate the extent of differences in mineralization of inner and outer enamel of the lower primary second molars of children with Down syndrome (DS) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) as revealed by acid treatment of exfoliated teeth. The results were compared to those obtained from a control group of healthy children.

Methods:
The sample included 4 mandibular second molars from each group. On each tooth, a thin section was cut, bisecting the mesial cusps. The analysis was carried out on the mesio-buccal cusps. Atomic force microscopy (AMF) was used to analyze the morphological structure of the dental enamel after 10 sec of 0.1 mol% citric acid treatment. The measurements were performed on 3 points in the enamel close to the outer surface and 3 points in the enamel close to the dentin. The differences between groups were analyzed using Mann Whitney tests.

Results:
In controls and CP teeth the outer enamel was more resistant to etching than the inner enamel. In DS teeth both outer and inner enamel showed similar results for all parameters. Between group comparisons showed that roughness values were significantly higher (P<0.01) in DS teeth than in either controls or CP teeth. No significant differences were found between CP and control teeth.

Conclusions:
The higher values obtained for DS enamel reflect increased solubility of the enamel to acid relative to controls and CP teeth together with irregularity of the organic matrix. The practical importance of the results is that DS primary molars needs reduced etching time when prepared for pit and fissure sealants or composite/compomer restorations.
Efficiency enhancement in a microcavity solid-state dye laser with Bragg grating reflectors
Authors: Popov Sergei , Zhang Rui , Sergeyev Sergey , Friberg Ari 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Bragg grating reflectors placed along microcavity facets can improve the efficiency of a polymer dye laser built with such a microcavity. The impact of different reflector designs on the mode pattern and resonance frequencies of the microcavity is numerically simulated and analyzed. This rigorous physical model is based on solving the Maxwell equations and includes such material properties as absorption, dispersion, fluorescence and optical gain. In certain cases, an asymmetrical layout of the reflectors can be more preferable than the pair of reflectors located on opposite sides of the microcavity as it is implemented for typical design.
Determination of optical parameters of pulp suspensions by time-resolved detection of photoacoustic signals and total diffuse reflectance measurements
Authors: Zhao Zuomin , Törmänen Matti , Myllylä Risto 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Time-resolved photoacoustics were used to measure the optical parameters of pulp suspensions for the first time. Reconstructing stress distribution along the direction of the incident laser light allows the effective attenuation coefficient of these suspensions to be determined. Simultaneously, the total diffuse reflectance of the suspensions was measured by the same laser source. Based on the effective attenuation coefficient and total diffuse reflectance, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of pulp suspensions can be calculated. In this study, three kinds of pulp suspensions with different kappa number (2, 13, and 16), a measure of lignin content in pulp fibers, were diluted with water to make samples with a consistency range from 1% to 5%, and studied at 355 nm wavelength. The results showed that the optical coefficients were approximately proportional to pulp consistency; on the other hand, the absorption coefficient was linearly correlated with kappa number, but the reduced scattering coefficient was not. Therefore, by determining its optical parameters, it is possible to extract the consistency and kappa number of an unknown pulp suspension.
Acoustically driven charge separation in semiconductor heterostructures sensed by optical spectroscopy techniques
Authors: Kuryliuk Vasyl , Podolian Artem , Korotchenkov Oleg 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We demonstrate a method of using a two-layer sandwich structure, which includes a LiNbO3 plate and a semiconductor heterostructure to create an inhomogeneous stress and piezoelectric harmonic potential in the semiconductor. Both the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structures and SiGe/Si heterostructures are attempted, working with and without using a piezoelectric field in the semiconductor layer. The standing-wave fields generated in the semiconductor and the electron and hole distributions driven by the piezoelectric field are computed by finite element method (FEM) techniques. It is experimentally shown that, in a GaAs/AlxGa1-x
As asymmetric double quantum well structure, the resonance enhancement of the narrower QW photoluminescence band is observed, which may be explained by the resonant charge transfer between the wider and narrower QWs. It is also shown that the piezoelectric fields quench the pure LO-phonon lines in the Raman spectra, whereas the coupled LO-phonon-plasmon mode strengthens. Experimental results indicate that the charge separation occurs in the plane of the QWs due to the piezoelectric fields. The recombination of carriers in the SiGe/Si heterostructures can be effectively enhanced by the presence of ultrasonic stress, displaying features consistent with varying electrical activity at dislocations.