bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Friendly Health Care Food Services: A Survey of Beliefs, Behaviours, and Attitudes
Authors: Wilson Elisa D. , Garcia Alicia C. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: There is increasing global interest in sustainability and the environment. A hospital/health care food service facility consumes large amounts of resources; therefore, efficiencies in operation can address sustainability. Beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours about environmentally friendly practices in hospital/ health care food services were explored in this study. Methods: Questionnaires addressed environmentally friendly initiatives in building and equipment, waste management, food, and non-food procurement issues. The 68 participants included hospital food service managers, clinical dietitians, dietary aides, food technicians, and senior management. Data analysis included correlation analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: Average scores for beliefs were high in building and equipment (90%), waste management (94%), and non-food procurement (87%), and lower in food-related initiatives (61%) such as buying locally, buying organic foods, buying sustainable fish products, and reducing animal proteins. Average positive scores for behaviours were positively correlated with beliefs (waste management, p=0.001; food, p=0.000; non-food procurement, p=0.002). Average positive scores for attitude in terms of implementing the initiatives in health care were 74% for building and equipment, 81% for waste management, 70% for non-food procurement, and 36% for food. Conclusions: The difference in food-related beliefs, behaviours, and attitudes suggests the need for education on environmental impacts of food choices. Research is recommended to determine facilitators and barriers to the implementation of green strategies in health care. As food experts, dietitians can lead changes in education, practice, and policy development.
Complexity of Food Preparation and Food Security Status: In Low-income Young Women
Authors: Engler-Stringer Rachel , Stringer Bernadette , Haines Ted 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore whether preparing more complex meals was associated with higher food security status. Methods: This mixed-methods, community-based study involved the use of semistructured interviews to examine the cooking practices of a group of young, low-income women in Montreal. Fifty participants aged 18 to 35 were recruited at 10 locations in five low-income neighbourhoods. Food security status was the main outcome measure and the main exposure variable, “complex food preparation,” combined the preparation of three specific food types (soups, sauces, and baked goods) using basic ingredients. Results: Low-income women preparing a variety of meals using basic ingredients at least three times a week were more than twice as likely to be food secure as were women preparing more complex meals less frequently. Conclusions: Women who prepared more complex meals more frequently had higher food security. Whether this means that preparing more complex foods results in greater food security remains unclear, as this was an exploratory study.
Dietitian Preceptor Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Training: Key Informant Perceptions
Authors: Nasser Roseann , Morley Catherine , Cook Stephanie L. , Coleman Jean , Berenbaum Shawna 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: Through consultation with Canadian dietitian informants, we aimed to identify the desired knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) for preceptors, training opportunities, and the barriers that prevent preceptor training.Methods: In this qualitative study, an open-ended survey was sent electronically to 100 key informants across Canada. Informants had experience as preceptors or with dietitian preceptors. Informants were asked to reflect upon the desired KSA, training needs, and barriers to training for dietitian preceptors. Categories of responses under each of these headings were developed on the basis of informants’ responses.Results: Forty-nine key informants completed the survey, for a 49% response rate. Of the respondents, 41% (20/49) were in clinical practice and 35% (17/49) worked in community/public health areas. The knowledge and skills domains consisted of themes related to teaching and learning, including assessing, planning, and evaluating. Attitudes expressed included considering learners as colleagues and the training of learners as a professional responsibility. Perceived barriers to training preceptors included workload demands and a lack of recognition from peers and employers for this work. Dietitian preceptor training opportunities ranged from no training to formal programs.Conclusions: These findings are integral to the basic understanding of the desired KSA and training needs of Canadian dietitian preceptors.
Dietary Patterns in an Ethnoculturally Diverse Population: Of Young Canadian Adults
Authors: Brenner Darren R. , Boucher Beatrice A. , Kreiger Nancy , Jenkins David , El-Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: Dietary patterns of food consumption were investigated among young urban Toronto adults, including men and women from different ethnocultural groups. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis among 1153 adults aged 20 to 29 years, from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Principal components analysis of food intake scores was used to identify food consumption patterns. Logistic regression, analysis of variance, and t-tests were used to test for differences in dietary patterns between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. Partial correlations were used to investigate the relationship between patterns and nutrient intake. Results: Three predominant patterns were identified and termed “prudent,” “Western,” and “Eastern” patterns. Caucasians had significantly higher prudent pattern scores than did Asians and South Asians, while Asians had significantly higher Eastern pattern scores than did other ethnocultural groups (p<0.01). Women had higher prudent pattern scores (odds ratio [OR]=4.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.11-5.96) and lower Western pattern scores (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.45-0.84) than did men. Dietary pattern scores were correlated with nutrient and energy intakes. Conclusions: We observed distinct dietary patterns in this population of young adults. These dietary patterns varied significantly between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. The patterns were associated with nutrient intake levels; this association may have important public health implications.
The Palladium(Ii)-Picolylamine Promoted Hydrolysis of Amino Acid Esters; Kinetic Evidence for Inter- and Intramolecular Mechanisms
Authors: Shoukry Mohamed M. , El-Sherif Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2011

The hydrolysis of amino acid esters is catalysed by the palladium(II) complex [Pd(Pic)]2+ (Pic = 2-picolylamine). The reaction has been studied by the pH-stat technique. The overall PdII chelate-promoted hydrolysis of the ethyl esters of glycine and alanine may be accounted by inter-and intramolecular mechanisms depicted in Eqns (1) and (2) respectively. [Formula: see text] (1) [Formula: see text] (2) The kinetic data for histidine and methionine methyl esters are fitted assuming that hydrolysis proceeds solely by the intermolecular mechanism [Eqn (1)]. The rate enhancement compared with the free ester is discussed in terms of the structure of the complex. Activation parameters associated with the hydrolysis have been determined and discussed.
Oncologic emergencies: Pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Lewis Mark A. , Hendrickson Andrea Wahner , Moynihan Timothy J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOncologic emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy, from the presenting symptom to end‐stage disease. Although some of these conditions are related to cancer therapy, they are by no means confined to the period of initial diagnosis and active treatment. In the setting of recurrent malignancy, these events can occur years after the surveillance of a cancer patient has been appropriately transferred from a medical oncologist to a primary care provider. As such, awareness of a patient's cancer history and its possible complications forms an important part of any clinician's knowledge base. Prompt identification of and intervention in these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This article reviews hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, tumor lysis syndrome, cardiac tamponade, superior vena cava syndrome, neutropenic fever, spinal cord compression, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, hyperviscosity syndrome, leukostasis, and airway obstruction in patients with malignancies. Chemotherapeutic emergencies are also addressed. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Himatanthus drasticus (Apocynaceae), a medicinal plant from the Brazilian savanna
Authors: Baldauf Cristina , Ciampi Maísa B. , Vigna Bianca B. Z. , Mori Gustavo M. , Guedes Julian P. P. , De Souza Anete P. , Santos Flavio A. M. dos 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: We developed a new set of microsatellite markers for studying the genome of the janaguba tree, Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, which is used in folk medicine in northeastern Brazil. These novel markers are being used to evaluate the effect of harvesting on the genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of this species.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched H. drasticus genomic library. Nine primer pairs successfully amplified polymorphic microsatellite regions, with an average of 8.5 alleles per locus. The average values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.456 and 0.601, respectively.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers described here are valuable tools for population genetics studies of H. drasticus. The majority of the primers also amplified sequences in the genome of another species of the same genus. This new set of markers may be useful in designing a genetic conservation strategy and a sustainable management plan for the species.
Antioxidant c-FLIP Inhibits Fas Ligand-Induced NF-κB Activation in a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt-Dependent Manner
Authors: Iyer Anand Krishnan V. , Azad Neelam , Talbot Siera , Stehlik Christian , Lu Bin , Wang Liying , Rojanasakul Yon 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) belongs to the TNF family of death ligands, and its binding to the FasR leads to activation of several downstream signaling pathways and proteins, including NF-κB and PI3K/Akt. However, it is not known whether cross-talk exists between NF-κB and PI3K/Akt in the context of FasL signaling. We demonstrate using both human renal epithelial 293T cells and Jurkat T-lymphocyte cells that although FasL activates both Akt and NF-κB, Akt inhibits FasL-dependent NF-κB activity in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), an antioxidant and an important component of the death-inducing signaling complex, also represses NF-κB upstream of the regulatory IκB kinase-γ protein subunit in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and positive cross-talk exists between Akt and c-FLIP in the context of inhibition of FasL-induced NF-κB activity. The presence of two death effector domains of c-FLIP and S-nitrosylation of its caspase-like domain were found to be important for mediating c-FLIP–dependent downregulation of NF-κB activity. Taken together, our study reveals a novel link between NF-κB and PI3K/Akt and establishes c-FLIP as an important regulator of FasL-mediated cell death.
Posttranslational Modification of Gluten Shapes TCR Usage in Celiac Disease
Authors: Qiao Shuo-Wang , Ráki Melinda , Gunnarsen Kristin S. , Løset Geir-Åge , Lundin Knut E. A. , Sandlie Inger , Sollid Ludvig M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Posttranslational modification of Ag is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. In celiac disease, a cereal gluten-induced enteropathy with several autoimmune features, T cell recognition of the gluten Ag is heavily dependent on the posttranslational conversion of Gln to Glu residues. Evidence suggests that the enhanced recognition of deamidated gluten peptides results from improved peptide binding to the MHC and TCR interaction with the peptide–MHC complex. In this study, we report that there is a biased usage of TCR Vβ6.7 chain among TCRs reactive to the immunodominant DQ2-α-II gliadin epitope. We isolated Vβ6.7 and DQ2-αII tetramer-positive CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of gluten-challenged celiac patients and sequenced the TCRs of a large number of single T cells. TCR sequence analysis revealed in vivo clonal expansion, convergent recombination, semipublic response, and the notable conservation of a non-germline-encoded Arg residue in the CDR3β loop. Functional testing of a prototype DQ2-α-II–reactive TCR by analysis of TCR transfectants and soluble single-chain TCRs indicate that the deamidated residue in the DQ2-α-II peptide poses constraints on the TCR structure in which the conserved Arg residue is a critical element. The findings have implications for understanding T cell responses to posttranslationally modified Ags.
An Approximate Analytical Approach to Investigate the Stability and Response of Holonomic Problems in Classic Dynamics by Means of the Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Kimiaeifar Amin 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this work, a powerful analytical method called homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is used to obtain the series solution for nonlinear problems in classic dynamics. The governing equations are obtained using the Lagrange method and solved analytically by HPM. The present solution gives an expression which is valid for the whole domain of the solution. Comparisons of the obtained solutions with numerical results indicate that HPM is effective and convenient for solving holonomic problems and can be used in the same way for other nonlinear problems
Time Dependence of Current–Voltage Characteristics of Pb/p-Si Schottky Diode under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Ucar Nazim , Özdemira Ahmet Faruk , Aldemira Durmus Ali , Çankayab Güven 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The effect of time on the characteristic parameters of Pb/p-Si Schottky diodes has been presented as a function of hydrostatic pressure. Current-voltage curves of the Pb=p-Si Schottky diodes have been measured at immediate, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min intervals under 1, 2, and 4 kbar hydrostatic pressure. It has been found that the values of the ideality factor have been approximately unchanged with increasing time. On the other hand, the barrier height of the Pb=p-Si structure slowly increase with increasing time, while these parameters also change with hydrostatic pressure. The diode shows nonideal current-voltage behaviour with an ideality factor greater than unity that can be ascribed to the interfacial layer and the interface states. In addition, the Schottky barrier height increases with a linear pressure coefficient of 92 meV=kbar, which is higher than the pressure coefficient of the silicon fundamental band gap.
Coherent Structures in the (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Time-Varying Coefficients
Authors: Ma Zheng-Yi 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Analytical solutions in terms of rational-like functions are derived for the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time-varying coefficients using the similarity transformation and direct ansatz. By applying specific time-modulated nonlinearities, dispersions, and potentials, the dynamics of the solutions can be controlled. As a result, abundant wave structures are exhibited through chosen three types of elementary functions.
Flow around a Triaxial Ellipsoid in a Long Circular Tube
Authors: Lee Doo-Sung 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper deals with the three-dimensional analysis of viscous fluid flow in a long circular cylinder containing an ellipsoidal obstacle. The center of the ellipsoid coincides with that of the cylinder, and the flow is confined to the space between the ellipsoid and the cylinder when the fluid velocity at the large distance from the ellipsoid is uniform. The equations of the classical theory of fluid dynamics are solved in terms of an unknown function which is then shown to be the solution of a boundary integro-differential equation. A numerical solution of the integro-differential equation is obtained and the pressure on the surface of the ellipsoid is presented in graphical forms for various values of the radius of the circular tube.
18O/16O and D/H Isotopic Preference in Hydration Spheres of Alkali Metal Ions
Authors: Oi Takao 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
With the final goal set at theoretical elucidation of experimentally observed isotope salt effects, molecular orbital calculations were performed to estimate the 18O/16O and D/H isotopic reduced partition function ratios (RPFRs) of water molecules around lithium, sodium, and potassium ions. As model water molecules in the ith hydration sphere of the cation in aqueous solutions containing that cation, we considered water molecules in the ith hydration sphere that were surrounded by water
molecules in the (i+1)th hydration sphere in clusters, M+(H2O)n (M = Li, Na or K; n up to 100). The calculations indicated that the decreasing order of the 18 O preference over 16 O in the primary hydration sphere is: Li+ > (bulk water) ≥ Na+ > K+. That is, water molecules in the primary hydration spheres of the Li+, Na+, and K+ ions are, respectively, enriched, slightly depleted, and depleted in the heavier isotope of oxygen relative to water molecules in bulk. No such preference was
observed for hydrogen isotopes in any hydration sphere or for oxygen isotopes in the secondary and outer hydration spheres.
Routes to Achieving High Quantum Yield Luminescence from Gas‐Phase‐Produced Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Anthony Rebecca J. , Rowe David J. , Stein Matthias , Yang Jihua , Kortshagen Uwe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlasma‐synthesized silicon nanocrystals with alkene ligands have shown the potential to exhibit high‐efficiency photoluminescence, but results reported in the literature have been inconsistent. Here, for the first time, the role of the immediate post‐synthesis “afterglow plasma” environment is explored. The significant impact of gas injection into the afterglow plasma on the photoluminescence efficiency of silicon nanocrystals is reprorted. Depending on the afterglow conditions, photoluminescence quantum yields of silicon nanocrystals synthesized under otherwise identical conditions can vary by a factor of almost five. It is demonstrated that achieving a fast quenching of the particle temperature and a high flux of atomic hydrogen to the nanocrystal surface are essential for a high photoluminescence quantum yield of the produced silicon nanocrystals.
Non‐hydrostatic atmospheric cut cell model on a block‐structured mesh
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroe , Satomura Takehiko 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA block‐structured Cartesian mesh approach based on the Building‐Cube Method is implemented into a 2D non‐hydrostatic atmospheric cut cell model to obtain high near‐ground resolution using Cartesian coordinates. A simple flux‐matching algorithm is introduced that ensures mass conservation across varying grid resolutions in a subcycling time integration. Results of simple diffusion and advection problems show that the method produces sufficiently accurate results with high computational efficiency. The developed model successfully reproduces a flow over a semicircular mountain on a locally refined mesh around the mountain. The result agrees well with that using a uniformly fine mesh. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Planctomycetes and eukaryotes: A case of analogy not homology
Authors: McInerney James O. , Martin William F. , Koonin Eugene V. , Allen John F. , Galperin Michael Y. , Lane Nick , Archibald John M. , Embley T. Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlanctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chlamydia are prokaryotic phyla, sometimes grouped together as the PVC superphylum of eubacteria. Some PVC species possess interesting attributes, in particular, internal membranes that superficially resemble eukaryotic endomembranes. Some biologists now claim that PVC bacteria are nucleus‐bearing prokaryotes and are considered evolutionary intermediates in the transition from prokaryote to eukaryote. PVC prokaryotes do not possess a nucleus and are not intermediates in the prokaryote‐to‐eukaryote transition. Here we summarise the evidence that shows why all of the PVC traits that are currently cited as evidence for aspiring eukaryoticity are either analogous (the result of convergent evolution), not homologous, to eukaryotic traits; or else they are the result of horizontal gene transfers.
Dynamic information‐based scalable hashing on a cluster of web cache servers
Authors: Kwak Hukeun , Sohn Andrew , Chung Kyusik 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYCaching web pages is an important part of web infrastructures. Medium to large‐scale infrastructures deploy a cluster of servers to solve the scalability and storage problems inherent in caching. In this paper we present dynamic information‐based scalable hashing that evenly hashes client requests to a cluster of cache servers, resulting in performance scalability. Runtime information is used to determine when and how to cache pages. Cached pages are stored and retrieved mutually exclusively to/from all the servers to minimize the use of storage, resulting in storage scalability. We set up an experimental environment consisting of various machines, including client servers, a cluster of 16 cache servers, and a load balancer. We demonstrate through experimental results that dynamic information‐based scalable hashing maximizes both performance scalability and storage scalability while the existing approaches do only either one of the two. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure, Charge Transport, and Magnetic Properties of MnSb2Se4
Authors: Djieutedjeu Honore , Makongo Julien P. A. , Rotaru Aurelian , Palasyuk Andriy , Takas Nathan J. , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Ranmohotti Kulugammana G. S. , Spinu Leonard , Uher Ctirad , Poudeu Pierre F. P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA single phase of MnSb2Se4 was synthesized by combining high‐purity elements at 773 K. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that MnSb2Se4 is isostructural with FeSb2Se4 crystallizing in the monoclinic space group C2/m with a = 13.076(3) Å, b = 3.965(2) Å, c = 15.236(4) Å, β = 115.1(2)°, Z = 4. MnSb2Se4 melts congruently at 790 K and is thermally stable up to 1000 K. Electronic band structure calculations, infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and low‐temperature electronic transport data indicate that MnSb2Se4 is a narrow‐bandgap p‐type semiconductor with an energy bandgap of approximately 0.31 eV and exhibits a sharp increase in the resistivity near 230 K. A large Seebeck coefficient (S = +945 μV K–1), high electrical resistivity (ρ ≈ 9 Ω m), and low thermal conductivity (κ = 1.4 W m–1 K–1) were observed at 300 K. Direct current (DC) magnetic‐susceptibility measurements indicated that MnSb2Se4 is paramagnetic at 300 K and undergoes an order/disorder antiferromagnetic transition with a Néel temperature of approximately 20 K. Alternating current (AC) susceptibility at various frequencies suggested a spin‐glass‐like behavior.