bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C mediated intracellular signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of sodium‐dependent glucose co‐transporter SGLT1 activity
Authors: Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen , Subramanian Supriya , Castaneda Francisco 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe sodium‐dependent glucose co‐transporter (SGLT1) is regulated by protein kinases. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of rabbit (rb) SGLT1 activity as determined by α‐methyl‐D‐glucopyranoside (AMG) uptake and to identify the cellular mechanisms involved in this process. For this purpose Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing rbSGLT1 (CHO‐G6D3) were treated with PKC activators and inhibitors. PKC activators did not exert any effect on AMG uptake, as corroborated by mutation of the putative phosphorylation sites of PKC. In contrast, the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM) increased AMG uptake. This effect was associated with translocation of rbSGLT1 from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane demonstrated by pre‐treatment of G6D3 cells with cytochalasin D that abolished the effect of BIM. In addition, intracellular signaling pathways (p38/MAPK, ERK/MAPK, JNK/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR) were associated with PKC‐regulated AMG uptake. Moreover, rbSGLT1 mRNA level was higher in BIM‐treated cells than in untreated, control cells. This effect was completely abolished by actinomycin D treatment. The present study demonstrates that PKC regulates rbSGLT1 activity via a complex intracellular mechanism that involves sorting and transcriptional regulation of rbSGLT1. The study findings suggest the involvement of two complementary opposite mechanism of action, in which the balance between two antagonistic effects, namely stimulation and inhibition of the transporter, regulates the activity of rbSGLT1 by PKC. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1109–1117, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S100B protein in myoblasts modulates myogenic differentiation via NF‐κB‐dependent inhibition of MyoD expression
Authors: Tubaro Claudia , Arcuri Cataldo , Giambanco Ileana , Donato Rosario 
Published: January 2010

AbstractS100B, a Ca2+‐binding protein of the EF‐hand type, is expressed in myoblasts, the precursors of skeletal myofibers, and muscle satellite cells (this work). S100B has been shown to participate in the regulation of several intracellular processes including cell cycle progression and differentiation. We investigated regulatory activities of S100B within myoblasts by stable overexpression of S100B and by inhibition of S100B expression. Overexpression of S100B in myoblast cell lines and primary myoblasts resulted in inhibition of myogenic differentiation, evidenced by lack of expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and absence of myotube formation. S100B‐overexpressing myoblasts showed reduced MyoD expression levels and unchanged Myf5 expression levels, compared with control myoblasts, and transient transfection of S100B‐overexpressing myoblasts with MyoD, but not Myf5, restored differentiation and fusion in part. The transcriptional activity of NF‐κB, a negative regulator of MyoD expression, was enhanced in S100B‐overexpressing myoblasts, and blocking NF‐κB activity resulted in reversal of S100B's inhibitory effects. Yin Yang1, a transcriptional repressor that is induced by NF‐κB (p65) and mediates NF‐κB inhibitory effects on several myofibrillary genes, also was upregulated in S100B‐overexpressing myoblasts. Conversely, silencing S100B expression in myoblast cell lines by RNA interference resulted in reduced NF‐κB activity and enhanced MyoD, myogenin and MyHC expression and myotube formation. Thus, intracellular S100B might modulate myoblast differentiation by interfering with MyoD expression in an NF‐κB‐dependent manner. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 270–282, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultramorphological characteristics of immature stages of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly specie of forensic importance
Authors: Mendonça Paloma Martins , Santos‐Mallet Jacenir Reis Dos , Queiroz Margareth Maria De Carvalho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractForensic entomology is an area of science that serves as a tool in crime scene investigations. Usually, flies are the first insects to reach a dead body and can oviposit just a few hours after arrival. Therefore the knowledge of immature stages is essential for correct identification of the species found on corpses. Scanning electron microscopy gives detailed information about morphological characters helping to identify the immature forms and consequently serves as a tool in crime scene investigations. C. albiceps is a very important fly for forensic entomologists because its larvae are almost always present on a dead body and it is facultative predators and therefore can alter the composition of species present at the carcass. The aim of this study is to identify eggs, larvae, and puparia of C. albiceps using SEM. Eggs were elongated with the anterior region ending in a “Y” shape and the posterior end was tapered. The micropyle was a well‐adorned orifice with some projections around it. The first instar larva was composed of 12 segments separated by spines. Only one spiracular opening could be seen at the posterior spiracle. Body tegument was smooth and tubercles were not seen. Antennae and maxillary palps were visible. Second and third larval instars were very similar to first instar, except for the presence of anterior spiracle. However, body tegument was composed of net‐like patches and tubercles were visible. Tubercles present at the third instar larvae were robust and erect. Puparia showed a retracted cephalic region and curved tubercles. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:779–784, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel 1,3,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives
Authors: Parmar Kokila , Suthar Bharat , Prajapati Saraju , Suthar Arun 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
magnified imageTriazole skeleton is ubiquitous in pharmaceutically important compounds. A novel series of indoline‐containing triazole with different amides are described, which exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities. The chemical synthesis strategies used, the complete characterization of the compounds, their in vitro screening, and the promising activity as reflected in the MIC values are reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Bichalcophenes: A concise synthesis of formyl ester‐ and cyano ester‐substituted bithiophenes, bifurans, and furanothiophenes
Authors: Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Kumar Arvind , Barghash Alaa El‐Din M. , Goda Fatma E. , Eisa Hassan M. , Boykin David W. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
magnified imageSyntheses of new formyl ester‐ and cyano ester‐substituted bithiophenes, bifurans, and furanothiophenes in good yield are described. The key synthetic step uses Stille coupling of appropriately substituted bromo 5‐ring heterocycles with stannyl‐substituted 5‐ring heterocycles. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Implementing a smoke‐free medical campus: Impact on inpatient and employee outcomes
Authors: Gadomski Anne M. , Stayton Marti , Krupa Nicole , Jenkins Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospitals fear that transitioning to a smoke‐free medical campus will decrease patient volume, particularly for patients who smoke. When our hospital campus, a 180‐bed acute care facility located in a small town, implemented the smoke‐free medical campus on July 1, 2006, we prospectively monitored inpatient and employee outcomes.METHODS:Inpatient volume, percentage of inpatients who currently smoke, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) orders (obtained from electronic medical records), the number of inpatients who signed out against medical advice (obtained from incident reports), and employee tobacco‐use rates from annual occupational health assessments were compared pre‐ban and post‐ban.RESULTS:The monthly average for the percentage of inpatients who currently smoke has been steady, at 20% to 22% post‐ban. NRT orders tripled after the ban. There was no significant change in the rate of inpatients who signed out against medical advice pre‐ban and post‐ban. During the year preceding the ban, 150 employees participated in a cessation program offered by Employee Health. The pre‐ban employee self‐reported smoking rate for the same 4‐month period (March‐June) was 14.3% in 2005, 14.8% in 2006, and 9% in 2007 (P < 0.0002).CONCLUSIONS:Implementing a smoke‐free medical campus did not adversely affect inpatient volume (even among smokers), significantly increased inpatient NRT use, and decreased hospital employee smoking rates. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:51–54. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Consultative pediatrics in the new millenium
Authors: Vellody Kishore , Zitelli Basil J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe pediatric hospitalist program at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP)—the Diagnostic Referral Service (DRS)—was first described in the pediatric literature in 1988. At that time, the group consisted of 5 members with a variety of inpatient and outpatient responsibilities. Since then, there has been a significant nationwide growth in pediatric hospital medicine. In the same time frame, the DRS has also grown significantly, with new and enhanced responsibilities in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. This work reflects on the recent trends in pediatrics that resulted in the growth of specialists in hospital medicine and in the evolution of the DRS responsibilities. A detailed description of the unique changes in the DRS is provided as a model for effective care of children in the modern era. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E34–E40. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A real‐time nursing intervention reduces dysglycemia and improves best practices in noncritically ill hospitalized patients
Authors: Shabbir Hasan , Stein Jason , Tong David , Bhalla Vikas , Wang Alan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dysglycemia is prevalent in hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Educational interventions insufficiently improve best practices in managing dysglycemia.OBJECTIVE:To reduce dysglycemia by improving best practices for inpatient glycemic control.DESIGN:Interrupted time series.SETTING:A community teaching hospital.PATIENTS:A total of 653 adult, noncritically ill, nonobstetric patients.INTERVENTION:A real‐time nursing intervention (RTNI). A charge nurse issued a verbal invitation to the physician to utilize the existing glycemic control order set for patients with dysglycemia.MEASUREMENTS:(1) Lone correctional insulin (LCI) usage; (2) potentially inappropriate oral hypoglycemic medication (PIOHM) usage; (3) patient day‐weighted mean glucose (PDWMG; ie, mean glucose for each hospital day, averaged across all hospital days); (4) the percent of patients with PDWMG >180 mg/dL; and (5) the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia.RESULTS:The use of LCI regimens decreased from 48% to 30% (P < 0.01) during the RTNI period and the rate of potentially inappropriate oral hypoglycemic medications (PIOHMs) usage was reduced from 29% to 13% (P < 0.01). PDWMG decreased from 166 mg/dL to 156 mg/dL (P = 0.04). After removal of the RTNI, outcome measures were not significantly different from baseline, with the exception of PIOHM use, which remained lower at 19% in the postintervention group (P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONS:An RTNI promoting a best‐practice glycemic control order set was successful in modestly lowering mean glucose levels and substantially reducing the use of LCI and PIOHMs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E15–E20. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals
Authors: Herbers Jerome , Zarter Susan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most common preventable cause of death in hospitals, but many patients do not receive proven preventive therapies.OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the extent to which inpatients received therapies for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE).DESIGN:Medical records review of a random sample of hospitalized patients, stratified by hospital teaching status.SETTING:Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) acute‐care hospitals.PATIENTS:Two groups hospitalized ≥48 hours during the year ending March 31, 2007: (1) all 4963 patients older than 74 years with a principal discharge diagnosis of heart failure; and (2) all 1448 patients with any discharge diagnosis of PE.MEASUREMENTS:Rate of VTE preventive care.RESULTS:Sixty‐three of the 100 randomly selected heart failure patients had adequate anticoagulation, 29 (46%) of whom were taking warfarin for chronic conditions. For patients discharged with a PE diagnosis, records from all 330 nonteaching and 449 (40%) teaching hospital cases were reviewed. Most cases (698; 90%) were excluded because there was only a remote history of PE or the diagnosis was made prior to admission. Thirty‐four of the 63 patients (54%) with confirmed in‐hospital PE and unequivocal VTE risk factors received appropriate preventive treatment. Thirty of the 66 patients (48%) with missed opportunities for prevention had inappropriate mechanical prophylaxis or inadequate use of anticoagulation.CONCLUSIONS:In hospitalized veterans with PE or at risk for VTE, missed opportunities for prevention were frequent and included inappropriate or inadequate interventions. Retrospective chart review was an inefficient method for identifying patients with in‐hospital PE. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E21–E25. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Potential role of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a surrogate marker of late loosening in patients with total hip arthroplasty: A cohort study
Authors: Savarino Lucia , Avnet Sofia , Greco Michelina , Giunti Armando , Baldini Nicola 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn a cohort study, the role of the active tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP 5b), a marker of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts, for the assessment of loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA), was analyzed, as well as its correlation with osteolysis and multinucleated cell appearance in the retrievals. Eighty THA patients, who went consecutively to the orthopedic department, were asked to participate, and 54 accepted and were enrolled in the study. Finally, 46 subjects were analyzed, clinical‐radiographic evaluation was considered the gold standard, serum TRACP 5b was blindly measured, and a cut‐off was obtained, by performing a ROC Curve. Based on the gold standard, patients were split by 19 stable and 27 loosened subjects, and results were matched. TRACP 5b was significantly higher in loosened patients than in stable ones (p < 0.001). A good specificity (89.5%), positive predictive value (90.0%), and likelihood ratio (6.33) were calculated, that provided strong evidence of loosening with TRACP 5b levels higher than the cut‐off. Moreover, TRACP 5b and osteolysis (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.03) were found significantly correlated. TRACP 5b has been proven a reliable marker, specifically related to resorbing‐multinucleated cells, to ascertain late loosening in THA, and could support standard procedures, if confirmed by performing prospective studies. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:887–892, 2010
Preparative separation of alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Wang Xiao , Liu Jianhua , Geng Yanling , Wang Daijie , Dong Hongjing , Zhang Tianyou 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPreparative separation of alkaloids from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn has been successfully performed for the first time using pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography. Two kinds of two‐phase solvent systems were applied to preparative CCC isolation. The first was the system composed of MtBE–water (1:1, v/v), 10 mM triethylamine in organic stationary phase and 5 mM HCl in aqueous mobile phase, which could only separate neferine partly from the crude extract. The second was the system composed of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (5:5:2:8, v/v), 10 mM triethylamine in organic stationary phase and 5 mM HCl in aqueous mobile phase, which was the optimum for large‐scale CCC isolation. 2.5 g of the crude alkaloid was purified in one‐step separation of 7 h, yielding 151 mg of liensinine, 118 mg of isoliensinine and 572 mg of neferine with the purities of 93.0, 95.1 and 97.0%, respectively.
Micellar capillary electrophoresis – Electrochemical detection of neurochemicals from Drosophila
Authors: Kuklinski Nicholas J. , Berglund E. Carina , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe fruit fly is one of the most heavily studied model organisms for genetics research and has significantly contributed to the molecular, cellular, and evolutionary understandings of human behavior. Recent research in the analytical chemistry of the fruit fly has focused on developing methods to obtain highly sensitive chemical quantification information of Drosophila melanogaster, especially looking at the nervous system. We provide a brief overview of work in the area of CE of the fly head and brain.
The relationship between uric acid levels and Huntington's disease progression
Authors: Auinger Peggy , Kieburtz Karl , Mcdermott Michael P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUric acid (UA) may be associated with the progression of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions; however, its association with Huntington's disease (HD) progression has not been explored. A secondary analysis of 347 subjects from the CARE‐HD clinical trial was performed to examine the relationship between baseline UA levels and the level of functional decline in HD. Outcomes included change in scores at 30 months for the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale components. There was less worsening of total functional capacity over time with increasing baseline UA levels (adjusted mean worsening in scores: 3.17, 2.99, 2.95, 2.28, 2.21, from lowest to highest UA quintile, P = 0.03). These data suggest a possible association between higher UA levels and slower HD progression, particularly as measured by total functional capacity. If confirmed, UA could be an important predictor and potentially modifiable factor affecting the rate of HD progression. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Measuring the rate of progression in Friedreich ataxia: Implications for clinical trial design
Authors: Friedman Lisa S. , Farmer Jennifer M. , Perlman Susan , Wilmot George , Gomez Christopher M. , Bushara Khalaf O. , Mathews Katherine D. , Subramony S. H. , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Balcer Laura J. , Wilson Robert B. , Lynch David R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFriedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by ataxia of all four limbs, dysarthria, and arreflexia. A variety of measures are currently used to quantify disease progression, including the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale, examiner‐rated functional disability scales, self‐reported activities of daily living and performance measures such as the timed 25‐foot walk, 9‐hole pegboard test, PATA speech test, and low‐contrast letter acuity vision charts. This study examines the rate of disease progression over one and two years in a cohort of 236 Friedreich ataxia patients using these scales and performance measure composites. The Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale and performance‐measure composites captured disease progression, with a greater sensitivity to change over 2 years than over 1 year. The measures differed in their sensitivity to change and in possible bias. These results help to establish norms for progression in FRDA that can be useful in measuring the long‐term success of therapeutic agents and defining sample‐size calculations for double‐blind clinical trials. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: 12‐year clinicopathologic follow‐up
Authors: DiLorenzo Daniel J. , Jankovic Joseph , Simpson Richard K. , Takei Hidehiro , Powell Suzanne Z. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe describe the clinical course and postmortem pathological findings in a patient with essential tremor (ET) treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) for 12 years. This 75 year old woman had a 13‐year history of progressive ET prior to implantation of bilateral quadripolar DBS electrodes in the region of her ventral intermediate thalamic nuclei in 1996, producing immediate relief of arm tremor. Histopathological examination of the brain, performed 12 years after the initial implantation, demonstrated electrode catheter tracts rimmed by 20‐25 micron fibrous sheaths, with multinucleated giant cells and reactive gliosis. Lymphocytic infiltration was seen by L26 immunoreactivity with CD3 (T cells) staining predominating over CD20 (B cells). Cerebellar axonal spheroids and Purkinje cell loss were found. The minimal foreign body reaction and gliosis around the electrodes 12 years after implantation supports the long‐term safety of DBS. The case represents the longest reported follow‐up with autopsy examination after DBS and confirmed histological changes associated with ET. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Correlation of contractile function recovery with acetylcholine receptor changes in a rat muscle flap model
Authors: Zhang Yingfan , Liu Antang , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Hua , Cai Zailong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between contractile function recovery and changes of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in a transferred muscle flap following reinnervation. Orthotopic transfer of the gracilis muscle flap with repair of its nerve was performed bilaterally in 48 rats. The rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups based on the time intervals for assessments (1, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks). Sixteen gracilis muscle samples from eight rats without surgery were used as the controls. In each group, muscle contractile force and weight were measured (n = 16). The AChR numbers (n = 8) and subunits (ϵ and γ) mRNA (n = 8) were examined using [125I]‐α‐bungarotoxin and fluorescent quantitative‐PCR. The results showed the AChR numbers in the muscle flap increased from 4 to 20 weeks after reinnervation and correlated with recovery of the tetanic contraction force. However, correlation between the increase of AChR number with the specific tension (peak contractile force normalized to wet muscle weight) was only found from 4 to 10 weeks postoperatively. The expression of γ‐subunit mRNA increased at the early period after flap transfer and then decreased rapidly, whereas the ϵ‐subunit mRNA recovered gradually since fourth week postoperatively. A small amount of γ‐subunit mRNA could still be detected at 30 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, following reinnervation of the transferred muscle flap, the contractile functional recovery is partially correlated to increase of the AChRϵ. Our findings may provide evidence for further study of improving muscle function in functional reconstruction by targeting the AChR. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.