bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viruses Infecting Tomato in València, Spain: Occurrence, Distribution and Effect of Seed Origin
Authors: Soler Salvador , Prohens Jaime , López Carmelo , Aramburu José , Galipienso Luis , Nuez Fernando 
Published: June 2010

AbstractViral diseases are a serious limitation to the tomato crop in the region of València, Spain. A survey of tomato viruses in open field cultivation plots was made in the three provinces of this region. A total of 228 plots classified according to the origin of the seed (farmer seed plots or commercial seed plots) were surveyed, from which 1300 individual plants were sampled and tested for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and for the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Virus infection was detected in 58.9% of the plants sampled and in 86.0% of the plots surveyed. All these viruses were detected, and the most prevalent were ToMV and PVY (34.1% and 27.1% of infected plants, respectively), but PMoV and TYLCD were the less prevalent (1.2% and 1.3% of infected plants, respectively). Differences among provinces and seed origin were found for most of the viruses studied. In particular, both ToMV and PVY had a higher level of infection in plants from farmer seed plots than in commercial seed plots, which accounts for the higher percentage of virus‐infected plants in the former (64.2%) when compared to the latter (49.1%). Single and multiple infections were found in 42.38% and 16.54% of the samples, respectively. The most common multiple infection was of ToMV, PVY or both. These results show that the percentage of infected plants and plots in open field cultivation is very high in this region and the origin of the seed is an important factor in the incidence of virus infection. In this respect, preventive measures, including virus‐free seed, resistant cultivars and improved cultural practices, could reduce the incidence of virus infection.
Neuroanatomical correlates of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder accounting for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder
Authors: Sasayama Daimei , Hayashida Ayako , Yamasue Hidenori , Harada Yuzuru , Kaneko Tomoki , Kasai Kiyoto , Washizuka Shinsuke , Amano Naoji 
Published: June 2010

Aim:  An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted to uncover the pathophysiology of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings are inconsistent, however, at least partially due to methodological differences. In the present study voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate brain morphology in ADHD subjects after taking into account the confounding effect of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) comorbidity.Methods:  Eighteen children with ADHD and 17 age‐ and gender‐matched typically developing subjects underwent high‐spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The regional gray matter volume differences between the children with ADHD and controls were examined with and without accounting for comorbid ODD and CD in a voxel‐by‐voxel manner throughout the entire brain.Results:  The VBM indicated significantly smaller regional gray matter volume in regions including the bilateral temporal polar and occipital cortices and the left amygdala in subjects with ADHD compared with controls. Significantly smaller regional gray matter volumes were demonstrated in more extensive regions including the bilateral temporal polar cortices, bilateral amygdala, right occipital cortex, right superior temporal sulcus, and left middle frontal gyrus after controlling for the confounding effect of comorbid ODD and CD. Conclusion:  Morphological abnormalities in ADHD were seen not only in the regions associated with executive functioning but also in the regions associated with social cognition. When the effect of comorbid CD and ODD was taken into account, there were more extensive regions with significantly smaller volume in ADHD compared to controls.
Schizophrenia patients discharged against medical advice at a mental hospital in Taiwan
Authors: Wung Yu‐Ting , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Chen Feng‐Chuan , Lin Ching‐Hua 
Published: June 2010

Aim:  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with discharge against medical advice (AMA) and compare the time to rehospitalization between patients with AMA discharges and those with regular discharges.Methods:  All schizophrenia inpatients discharged from a psychiatric hospital between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2006 were monitored. The clinical variables were compared between the patients discharged AMA and those with regular discharges. Logistic regression was used to determine the best predictor for AMA discharge. Times to rehospitalizaton within 15 and 60 days after discharge were measured using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results:  Compared to patients with regular discharges, patients discharged AMA were significantly more likely to be male (P = 0.007), to have comorbid alcohol abuse/dependence (P = 0.007), to take typical antipsychotic agents (P = 0.005) and to have shorter lengths of hospital stay (P < 0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that male gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.631; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.067– 2.493)] and prescription of typical antipsychotic agents (OR, 1.729; 95%CI: 1.098–2.723) were the most influential predictors for discharge AMA. There were significant differences in time to rehospitalization between these two groups during the 15‐day (P = 0.009) and 60‐day (P = 0.038) follow‐up periods.Conclusion:  Male gender and prescription of typical antipsychotic agents increased the likelihood of AMA discharge. The consequence for patients with AMA discharges was earlier rehospitalization. Future studies are needed in many different mental health systems to better generalize the findings.
Propranolol in the management of periorbital infantile haemangioma
Authors: Cheng Jin Fong , Gole Glen A , Sullivan Timothy J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Infantile haemangiomas are the commonest tumours of the orbit in children. Treatment is usually expectant, unless they are visually threatening. Although steroids, other pharmacological and surgical treatment modalities have their place, there are risks involved. A previous case series reported the successful use of propranolol for infantile haemangioma. The safety and efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of periorbital haemangioma was reviewed in a serious of our patients.Methods:  We performed a retrospective review of patients seen by two ophthalmologists (TJS and GAG), collecting data on colour, size of lesion, duration of treatment and side‐effects of treatment. Our main outcome measures were colour and size of infantile haemangioma before and after treatment, the change in astigmatism of our patients and the incidence of complications from propranolol.Results:  We reviewed 10 patients with infantile haemangioma. They were treated with propranolol oral syrup 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses for a mean duration of 32.8 (range 12–42) weeks. All our patients had a reduction in colour and size of the lesions. The mean lesion size decreased from 756.7 to 543.2 mm2 after treatment (P = 0.075). Five patients had significant astigmatism and 60% had successful reduction of astigmatism after treatment. None of our patients suffered significant side‐effects of propranolol.Conclusion:  Propranolol appears to be a safe and effective treatment in the management of infantile haemangioma.
WINDOW ON THE NETHERLANDS: CRACKS IN THE MYTH: CHALLENGES TO LAND POLICY IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: BUITELAAR EDWIN 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIn the international literature and discussions on land management, Dutch land policy is often presented as a special case, sometimes even as a role model for other countries. However, in recent years this policy has come under pressure as a consequence of institutional changes in the housing market, the social housing sector, spatial policy and European competition rules. This paper intends to unravel these changes and their effect on Dutch land policy. It also reflects upon the implications of land policy changes for the effectiveness of spatial policy.
Censorship and Opinion Formation: Franziska Linkerhand on the GDR Stage
Authors: Bradley Laura 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis article uses the stage history of Franziska Linkerhand to cast new perspectives on GDR theatre after Wolf Biermann's expatriation. Whilst this period is usually associated with a retreat from experimentation, new space for innovative contemporary drama opened up in the spring and summer of 1978. Christoph Schroth's groundbreaking production of Franziska Linkerhand was judged a qualified success when it was premièred in Schwerin, but it sparked controversy in Leipzig and especially in East Berlin. After prolonged negotiations, performances in Schwerin were allowed to continue, but plans for new productions in Halle and Wittenberg were dropped. The changing theatrical fortunes of Franziska Linkerhand thus allow us to trace processes of opinion formation within the theatre community and political establishment, and to show how and why the Culture Ministry had to change its policy on GDR drama in autumn 1978 – a change which historians have previously overlooked. The case study also sheds new light on the nature and extent of regional differences in GDR theatre censorship in the 1970s: whilst East Berlin's First Party Secretary pushed for tighter restrictions than the Ministry, the different decisions reached in other regions can be explained by the changes in central policy.An hand einer Untersuchung der Inszenierungsgeschichte von Franziska Linkerhand wirft dieser Beitrag ein neues Licht auf das DDR‐Theater nach der Ausbürgerung Wolf Biermanns. Obwohl die Jahre nach 1976 gewöhnlich mit einem Rückgang an künstlerischen Experimenten assoziiert werden, öffnete sich im Frühling und Sommer 1978 neuer Raum für innovative Gegenwartsdramatik. Christoph Schroths bahnbrechende Inszenierung von Franziska Linkerhand schien sich in Schwerin anfangs durchgesetzt zu haben, löste in Leipzig und vor allem in Ostberlin jedoch heftige Kontroversen aus. Nach langen Verhandlungen durfte das Stück in Schwerin weiterhin aufgeführt werden, Pläne für neue Inszenierungen in Halle und Wittenberg wurden jedoch gestrichen. Der Beitrag unternimmt den Versuch, an hand dieser Entwicklungen der Meinungsbildung unter Theaterleuten und Funktionären nachzuspüren und somit zu erklären, warum das Ministerium für Kultur im Herbst 1978 seine Linie im Hinblick auf die Gegenwartsdramatik ändern musste. Historiker haben diesen Kurswechsel bisher übersehen. Die Fallstudie bietet auch neue Einsichten in die Ursachen und das Ausmaß regionaler Unterschiede in der DDR‐Theaterzensur der siebziger Jahre: während der Erste Sekretär der Ostberliner SED‐Bezirksleitung eine strengere Politik als das Ministerium vertrat, lassen sich die unterschiedlichen Entscheidungen in anderen Bezirken durch den Kurswechsel in der zentralen Theaterpolitik erklären.
‘Eine Bindung durch Hass’: Double‐Agency, Mimesis and the Role of Hands in Monika Maron's Stille Zeile Sechs
Authors: Ring Annie 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the case of collaboration portrayed in Monika Maron's novel Stille Zeile Sechs. Her protagonist, Rosalind Polkowski, has been celebrated as resisting the disciplinary state structures represented by her employer, former SED Party functionary Herbert Beerenbaum. Meanwhile the text's narrative structure and a curious mimetic function in the heroine's behaviour appear to encourage a psychoanalytical reading: Polkowski as traumatised victim of Communism. But her role transcribing Beerenbaum's memoirs positions her as a more problematic double‐agent, a handmaid of power.Polkowski's double‐agency has an interesting historical counterpart in the author's own brief affair as a Kontaktperson (code‐name ‘Mitsu’) for the foreign intelligence service of the East German secret police. Maron's involvement in ‘Stasi’ operations worked in contradiction to her oppositional stance, and reflected a ‘hateful bind’ that she felt in relation to the GDR.To read the double‐agency that the fictional and historical cases share in terms of guilt or victimhood is insufficient. Placed alongside the ‘Mitsu’ case, Polkowski's fictional double‐bind brings to light what we might call a ‘security complex’, a network of subjective and state securities in which collaboration and resistance are matters of constant negotiation between power and the subject.Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit einem Fall der Kollaboration in Monika Marons Roman Stille Zeile Sechs. Marons Protagonistin, Rosalind Polkowski, ist mehrfach als Figur des Widerstands ausgezeichnet worden, insofern sie gegen die Staatsmacht aufbegehrt, die von ihrem Arbeitgeber, dem ehemaligen SED‐Funktionär Herbert Beerenbaum vertreten wird. Die Erzählstruktur des Romans und die Inszenierung eines mimetisch‐traumatischen Verhaltens von Polkowski scheinen inzwischen eine psychoanalytische Leseart anzuregen, die sie als ‘Opfer’ des Kommunismus darstellt. In ihrer Rolle als Schreibkraft, die Beerenbaums Memoiren transkribiert, erweist sich Polkowski jedoch vielmehr als eine problematische Doppelagentin, als eine Handlangerin der Macht.Polkowskis Doppelagententätigkeit hat ein interessantes Gegenstück: Maron selbst war für kurze Zeit unter dem Decknamen ‘Mitsu’ als Kontaktperson für die ‘Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung’ des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR tätig. Marons Verwicklung in die operative Arbeit des MfS stand im Gegensatz zu ihrer oppositionellen Haltung, und reflektierte eine ‘Bindung durch Haß’, die sie gegen ihren Willen mit dem Staat verband.Ich schlage vor, dass die Doppelagententätigkeit, die von dem fiktiven wie von dem historischen Fall bezeugt wird, über Bezugssysteme von Schuld und Opferschaft hinausgeht. Eine Lektüre des Romans neben dem ‘Fall Mitsu’ bringt stattdessen ein Netzwerk der subjektiven und staatlichen Sicherheiten ans Licht, einen ‘Komplex der Sicherheit’ vielleicht, innerhalb dessen Mitarbeit und Widerstand zwischen Macht und Subjekt ständig neu ausgehandelt werden müssen.
‘Ostpolitik, Nordpolitik’: Partition and National Identity in Germany and Ireland
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Pól 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper looks at the effects of partition in both Germany and Ireland on national identity. It identifies certain parallels in the ways that official and unofficial attitudes developed over time in the two countries during partition/division and aims to show that attitudes towards the question of national identity among large sections of the populations of all four states were frequently at variance with officially stated positions on the question. Thus the definition of Germanness in the Federal Republic and Irishness in the Republic of Ireland became ambiguous with time, serving to define as the occasion demanded either a cultural identity that went beyond the territory of the state or a political identity based on the de facto territory of the state. Similarly, in both the GDR and Northern Ireland official attempts to create a new national identity that was no longer shared with citizens of the larger state were ambiguous and riddled with contradictions, more often rooted in denial than in any affirmation of a positive alternative, and as such they were rejected by significant portions of the populations. The ambiguities that arose in all states led to the situation whereby in both Germany and Ireland an all‐embracing national identity came to reside primarily in those sections of the populations in the smaller states which rejected a separate national identity but whose adherence to a national identity tied to ‘Germany’ or ‘Ireland’ was not compromised by the territorial ambiguities that arose with time in the larger state claiming the name.In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen der Zweistaatlichkeit in Deutschland und Irland auf die nationale Identität in beiden Ländern besprochen. Bestimmte Parallelen in der Art und Weise, wie sich offizielle und inoffizielle Einstellungen mit der Zeit entwickelten, werden herausgearbeitet und es wird gezeigt, dass in allen vier Staaten die öffentliche Meinung von den offiziellen Verlautbarungen divergierte. Zu den Begriffen ‘deutsch’ in der Bundesrepublik und ‘irisch’ in der Republik Irland gehörte eine gewisse Ambiguität, da sowohl eine kulturelle Identität, die über die Staatsgrenze hinausging, als auch eine politische Identität, die das de facto Staatsgebiet zur Grundlage hatte, gemeint sein könnte. Ebenso widersprüchlich gestalteten sich offizielle Versuche in Nordirland und der DDR, eine neue, von dem größeren Staat getrennte nationale Identität zu entwickeln, da oft eher Verneinung der alten gemeinsamen als Befürwortung einer neuen getrennten Identität betont wurde und diese deshalb von einem Großteil der Bevölkerung abgelehnt wurden. Dies führte dazu, dass eine gesamtdeutsche bzw. gesamtirische Identität in jenem Bevölkerungsteil im kleineren Teilstaat erhalten blieb, der die Teilung ablehnte und dessen nationale Identität nicht durch die Ambiguitäten der sich allmählich verändernden nationalen Identität im größeren Teilstaat kompromittiert wurde.
Potential consequences of climate warming for tropical plant species in high mountains of southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kreyling Juergen , Wana Desalegn , Beierkuhnlein Carl 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  Species in the tropics respond to global warming by altitudinal distribution shifts. Consequences for biodiversity may be severe, resulting in lowland attrition, range‐shift gaps, range contractions and extinction risks. We aim to identify plant groups (growth forms, families, endemic status) with higher than average risks.Location  South Ethiopian highlands.Methods  Based on observational data from mainly unexplored and remote mountain regions, we applied a published model to project the consequences of an upward shift of thermal site conditions on the altitudinal distribution of 475 plant species. Annual average temperature increases of up to 5 °C were evaluated. Differences between groups of species were analysed by a permutation procedure and Generalized Linear Models.Results  Because of a limited regional species pool, even mild warming is projected to create strong potential risks concerning lowland attrition, i.e. the net loss of species richness because of upward range shifts in the absence of new species arriving. Likewise, many species are expected to face range‐shift gaps, i.e. the absence of an overlap between future and current altitudinal ranges already under mild warming scenarios. Altitudinal contractions and mountain‐top extinctions will potentially become important when warming exceeds 3.5 °C. Mean area per species is projected to decline by 55% for the A2 emissions scenario (+4.2 °C until 2100) because of the physical shape of the mountains. Higher than average vulnerability is expected for endemic species as well as for herbs and ferns. Plant families that are especially threatened are identified.Main conclusions  Lowland biotic attrition and range‐shift gaps as predicted by a simple model driven by shifts of isotherms will result in novel challenges for preserving mountain biodiversity in the inner tropics. Whereas contractions of occupied area are expected to threaten endemic and already endangered species in particular, we suggest that conservation priorities can be identified based on simple prognostic models even without precise regional warming scenarios.
Invasiveness of alien plants in Brussels is related to their phylogenetic similarity to native species
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Godefroid Sandrine , Rocchini Duccio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  Understanding the processes that drive invasion success of alien species has received considerable attention in current ecological research. From an evolutionary point of view, many studies have shown that the phylogenetic similarity between the invader species and the members of the native community may be an important aspect of invasiveness. In this study, using a coarse‐scale systematic sampling grid of 1 km2, we explore whether the occupancy frequency of two groups of alien species, archaeophytes and neophytes, in the urban angiosperm flora of Brussels is influenced by their phylogenetic relatedness to native species.Location  The city of Brussels (Belgium).Methods  We used ordinary least‐squares regressions and quantile regressions for analysing the relationship between the occupancy frequency of alien species in the sampled grid and their phylogenetic distance to the native species pool.Results  Alien species with high occupancy frequency in the sampled grid are, on average, more phylogenetically related to native species than are less frequent aliens, although this relationship is significant only for archaeophytes. In addition, as shown by the quantile regressions, the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness to the native flora and occupancy frequency is much stronger for the most frequent aliens than for rare aliens.Main conclusions  Our data suggest that it is unlikely that species with very low phylogenetic relatedness to natives will become successful invaders with very high distribution in the area studied. To the contrary, under future climate warming scenarios, present‐day urban aliens of high occupancy frequency are likely to become successful invaders even outside urban areas.
Quercetin and its principal metabolites, but not myricetin, oppose lipopolysaccharide‐induced hyporesponsiveness of the porcine isolated coronary artery
Authors: Al‐Shalmani Salmin , Suri Sunita , Hughes David A , Kroon Paul A , Needs Paul W , Taylor Moira A , Tribolo Sandra , Wilson Vincent G 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quercetin is anti‐inflammatory in macrophages by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated increases in cytokine and nitric oxide production but there is little information regarding the corresponding effect on the vasculature. We have examined the effect of quercetin, and its principal human metabolites, on inflammatory changes in the porcine isolated coronary artery.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Porcine coronary artery segments were incubated overnight at 37°C in modified Krebs‐Henseleit solution with or without 1 µg·mL−1 LPS. Some segments were also co‐incubated with quercetin‐related flavonoids or Bay 11‐7082, an inhibitor of NFκB. Changes in isometric tension of segments to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents were recorded. Nitrite content of the incubation solution was estimated using the Griess reaction, while inducible nitric oxide synthase was identified immunohistochemically.KEY RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide reduced, by 35–50%, maximal contractions to KCl and U46619, thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, and impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxations to substance P. Nitrite content of the incubation medium increased 3‐ to 10‐fold following exposure to LPS and inducible nitric oxide synthase was detected in the adventitia. Quercetin (0.1–10 µM) opposed LPS‐induced changes in vascular responses, nitrite production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Similarly, 10 µM Bay 11‐7082, 10 µM quercetin 3′‐sulphate and 10 µM quercetin 3‐glucuronide prevented LPS‐induced changes, while myricetin (10 µM) was inactive. Myricetin (10 µM) prevented quercetin‐induced modulation of LPS‐mediated nitrite production.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Quercetin, quercetin 3′‐suphate and quercetin 3‐glucuronide, exerted anti‐inflammatory effects on the vasculature, possibly through a mechanism involving inhibition of NFκB. Myricetin‐induced antagonism of the effect of anti‐inflammatory action of quercetin merits further investigation.