bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood Management Strategies in Frequent and Small Scale Events: Lessons Learned from Amarante (Portugal)
Authors: Tedim Fantina , Carvalho Salete 
Published: September 2010

Flood Management Strategies in Frequent and Small Scale Events: Lessons Learned from Amarante (Portugal)
The 2000/2001 winter was exceptionally rainy in Portugal and between November 2000 and March 2001 several floods occurred. In this period some localities registered the highest floods of the last hundred years. One example is the town of Amarante, in the north of Portugal, that has been affected by several flood events during the time frame previously mentioned. There is no reference of these episodes in the international disaster databases (e.g. Em-data, Darmouth Flood Observatory) because it is a very small scale event, and no fatalities were recorded. However, it is a recurrent situation with considerable direct and indirect damages which affects a small part of the cultural heritage centre which is also an important touristic and commercial area.
The objective of this paper is to understand the characteristics of flood risk in Amarante which is a product of the hazard and the vulnerability of exposed elements (e.g. people, environment and structures) in order to improve flood disaster management efficiency.
The paper is organized into two parts. On the first one we add new data to the previous knowledge through the identification of flood episodes in two time periods, between 1937 and 1955 and from 1985 to 2001. Each event was characterized according to several parameters (e.g. flood peak, water height, flooding area, duration, and flow velocity) and classified into six levels according to flood magnitude (water height), flooded area (extension) and potential impacts (damages). This approach improves hazard knowledge and systematizes emergency response procedures. It can improve the communication, not only between the different civil protection agents, but also between them and the citizens during the emergency. It can also be useful for assurance companies' policy.
The second part is focused on the management of the March 21st 2001 flood which was the most severe in Amarante's history at least in the last hundred years. Understanding the damages and the impacts of flood on livelihoods, the emergency procedures, as well as the articulation between people and civil protection agents are fundamental to increase the efficiency of flood risk management strategies and the determination of appropriate protection levels.
Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Under the Constant Amplitude and Spectrum Loadin
Authors: Augustin Petr 
Published: September 2010

Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Under the Constant Amplitude and Spectrum LoadinThe paper describes methodology of numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth and its application on integrally stiffened panels made of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy using high speed cutting technique. Presented approach for crack growth simulation starts by the calculation of stress intensity factor function from finite element results obtained using MSC. Patran/Nastran. Subsequent crack growth analysis is done in NASGRO and uses description of crack growth rates either by the Forman-Newman-de Koning relationship or by the table lookup form. Three crack growth models were applied for spectrum loading: non-interaction, Willenborg and Strip Yield model. Relatively large experimental program comprising both the constant amplitude and spectrum tests on integral panels and CCT specimens was undertaken at the Institute of Aerospace Engineering laboratory in order to acquire crack growth rate data and enable verification of simulations. First analyses and verification tests of panels were performed under the constant amplitude loading. For predictions of crack growth using the spectrum loading a load sequence representing service loading of the transport airplane wing was prepared. Applied load spectrum was measured on B737 airplane within the joint FAA/NASA collection program. The load sequence is composed of 10 flight types with different severity analogous to the standardized load sequence TWIST. Before application on the stiffened panels a calculation of crack growth under the spectrum loading was performed for simple CCT specimen geometry. The paper finally presents comparison of simulations of fatigue crack propagation in two-stringer stiffened panel under the spectrum loading with verification test carried out in the IAE lab. The work was performed within the scope of the 6th Framework Programme project DaToN - Innovative Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Methods for the Application of New Structural Concepts.
In-Service Flaw Detection and Quantification in the Composite Structures of Aircraft
Authors: Dragan Krzysztof , Synaszko Piotr 
Published: September 2010

In-Service Flaw Detection and Quantification in the Composite Structures of Aircraft
Taking into consideration the increased usage of composites for aircraft structures there is a necessity for gathering information about structural integrity of such components. During the manufacturing of composites as well as during in service and maintenance procedures there is a possibility for damage occurrence. There is a large number of failure modes which can happen in such structures. These failure modes affect structural integrity and durability. In this work modern approach for detection of composites damage detection such as: delaminations, disbonds, foreign object inclusion and core damage has been presented. This detection is possible with the use of advanced P-C aided Non Destructive Testing methods. In the article nondestructive testing results for the composite vertical tail skins on MiG-29 aircraft will be delivered as well as some results of F-16 horizontal stabilizer and W-3 helicopter main rotor blades. Moreover some results of the composite honeycomb and sandwich structures will be presented based on the materials used in the construction of gliders and small aircraft. Factors affecting structural integrity and durability of the composites will be highlighted as well as necessity of the inspection with the use of modern NDT techniques. At the end some effort with Structural Health Monitoring connected with possibility of condition monitoring of composites will be presented.
Analysing Micromechanisms of Initiation and Propagation of Short Fatigue Cracks from Rivet Holes in the Aluminums Sheets
Authors: Kocańda Dorota , Hutsaylyuk Volodymyr 
Published: September 2010

Analysing Micromechanisms of Initiation and Propagation of Short Fatigue Cracks from Rivet Holes in the Aluminums SheetsResearched initiation and propagation of short surfaces fatigue cracks out of open in double-sided botch laminated sheet of aviation aluminum alloy 2024-T3 at stable amplitude one-sided bend (R=0.1). Research of the initial stage of development of cracks is realized by use of a SEM microscope, and it allowed to set the place of origin of crack and mikromechanisms of fracture of aluminum sheets, and also type of front of crack. Established a large enough scatter of velocity of propagation in the area of development of short cracks, which for a sheet from this alloy, with a thickness of 3 mm, reaches 0.5 mm. On the basis of fractografy researches modified model of analytical description of propagation of short fatigue crack is proposed.
The Effect of a Complex Stress State on Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Orientation of the Cracking Plane in VT3-1 Aeronautical Titanium Alloy
Authors: Kocańda Dorota , Mierzyński Janusz 
Published: September 2010

The Effect of a Complex Stress State on Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Orientation of the Cracking Plane in VT3-1 Aeronautical Titanium AlloyThe subject of the paper is the investigations of fatigue crack imitation and propagation in notched specimens made of the VT3-1 aeronautical russian titanium alloy under combined bending - torsion loading. The presence of short cracks was revealed at various ratios of bending to torsion. Experimental courses of short and long crack growth rates have been proved by the SEM and TEM micrographs which illustrated the changes in the mechanism of cracking in the examined specimens. The attempt was undertaken in order to explain partly brittle fracture that was observed in the range of fatigue short crack growth in the VT3-1 titanium alloy specimens. The results of the study of atmospheric hydrogen absorption capability and its ability for penetration inside the faces of nucleated and propagated microcracks in the surface layer allowed for suggestion that the cleavage mechanism of fracture found in the regime of short crack growth in the VT3-1 titanium alloy specimens was induced by hydrogen.
Using JAIN SLEE as an Interaction and Policy Manager for Enabler-based Services in Next Generation Networks
Authors: Tsietsi Mosiuoa , Terzoli Alfredo , Wells George 
Published: September 2010

Using JAIN SLEE as an Interaction and Policy Manager for Enabler-based Services in Next Generation Networks
The IP Multimedia Subsystem is a telecommunications framework with a standard architecture for the provision of services. While the services themselves have not been standardised, standards do exist for basic technologies that can be re-used and aggregated in order to construct more complex services. These elements are called service capabilities by the 3GPP and service enablers by the OMA, both of which are reputable standards bodies in this area. In order to provide re-usability, there is a need to manage access to the service capabilities. Also, in order to build complex services, there is a further need to be able to manage and coordinate the interactions that occur between service capabilities. The 3GPP and the OMA have separately defined network entities that are responsible for handling aspects of these requirements, and are known as a service capability interaction manager (SCIM) and a policy enforcer respectively. However, the internal structure of the SCIM and the policy enforcer have not been standardised by the relevant bodies. In addition, as the SCIM and the policy enforcer have been defined through complementary yet separate processes, there is an opportunity to unify efforts from both bodies. This paper builds on work and standards defined by the bodies, and proposes the design of an interaction manager with features borrowed from both the SCIM and the policy enforcer. To help validate the design, we have identified a platform known as JAIN SLEE which we believe conforms to the model proposed, and we discuss how JAIN SLEE can be used to implement our ideas.
Route Availability Model for Inter-working Multi-hop Wireless Networks
Authors: Salami Oladayo , Bagula Antoine , Chan H. 
Published: September 2010

Route Availability Model for Inter-working Multi-hop Wireless NetworksIn order to link a source-destination node pair in inter-working multi-hop wireless networks, links or routes must first be available. It is only after establishing the availability of links and routes between nodes that factors which affect connectivity e.g. interference can be considered. Connectivity in multi-hop wireless networks has been studied. However, the studies focused on network connectivity in ad-hoc networks. Since the next generation of wireless networks will be inter-working, an understanding of connectivity as it applies to such networks is needed. Specifically, this paper emphasizes that an analysis of route connectivity rather than network connectivity is needed for inter-working multi-hop wireless networks. With a focus on route connectivity, a route availability model for inter-working multi-hop wireless networks is presented.
High Altitude Platform — Future of Infrastructure
Authors: Malinowski Andrzej , Zieliński Ryszard 
Published: September 2010

High Altitude Platform — Future of Infrastructure
High Altitude Platform (HAP) concept and idea is presented in the article. Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of HAPs are described. There is also the comparison available between HAPs and existing telecommunication infrastructure (terrestrial and satellite). Selected examples of the possible limitation and technological restrictions of HAP based systems are presented in the article.
Resource and Task Allocation Algorithm for WAN-based Distributed Computing Environment
Authors: Markowski Marcin 
Published: September 2010

Resource and Task Allocation Algorithm for WAN-based Distributed Computing EnvironmentIn the paper an approximate algorithm for optimizing of distributed computing WAN network is proposed. Distributed computing systems become the common tools in different kind of business, science and even entertainment. In order to minimize processing time of data and utilize spare resources available on remote systems, many companies and institutions decide to build and maintain own wide area networks (WAN) for ensuring reliable and secure distributed processing of data. Design of WANs in concerned with solving different optimization problems, like routing assignment, capacities of channel selection, resource (i.e. servers, management centre) allocation. Due to peculiar structure of wide area networks and nature of protocols, proper optimization methods and algorithms should be constructed for WAN-based distributed computing systems. In the paper the model of the distributed environment, built on WAN infrastructure is presented. Then, the optimization problem for routing assignment, channel capacities assignment and grid management center (data repository) allocation is formulated. Finally, an approximate algorithm is presented for formulated problem. Proposed algorithm, observations and conclusions should effect in improving of distributed computing systems design.
Safety and feasibility of intraarterial eptifibatide as a revascularization tool in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Memon Muhammad Zeeshan , Natarajan Sabareesh K. , Sharma Jitendra , Mathews Marlon S. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Hopkins L. Nelson , Levy Elad I. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Experience with the use of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb–IIIa inhibitor eptifibatide in patients with ischemic stroke is limited. The authors report the off-label use of intraarterial eptifibatide during endovascular ischemic stroke revascularization procedures for reocclusion after documented recanalization or formed fresh thrombi in distal vessels that were inaccessible to endovascular devices.

Methods
Patients who received intraarterial eptifibatide were identified from a prospectively collected database of patients in whom endovascular revascularization for acute ischemic stroke was attempted between 2005 and 2008. Data were analyzed retrospectively. The intraarterial eptifibatide dose was a single-bolus dose of 180 μg/kg body weight. Primary outcome measures were angiographic recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Grade 2 or 3), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate, overall mortality rate, and favorable 3-month modified Rankin Scale score (≤ 2).

Results
The study included 35 patients (mean age 62 years, range 18–85 years). The median presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 13. Two patients received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator before endovascular therapy. The median time from symptom onset to therapy initiation was 230 minutes (range 90–1370 minutes). Twelve patients (34%) received intraarterial tissue plasminogen activator without mechanical measures. Mechanical revascularization measures used were Merci retriever in 19 (54%), Penumbra device in 1 (3%), balloon angioplasty in 15 (43%), and stent placement in 22 (63%) patients. The mean dose of intraarterial eptifibatide was 11.6 mg (range 5–16.6 mg). Partial-to-complete recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Grade 2 or 3) was achieved in 27 patients (77%). Postprocedure intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 13 patients (37%), causing symptoms in 5 (14%). In the 5 symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage cases, all patients but one presented more than 8 hours after symptom onset and all received intraarterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The median discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 7 (range 0–17). At 3 months postprocedure, 21 patients (60%) had a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2, and 8 patients (23%) had died.

Conclusions
Adjunctive intraarterial eptifibatide is a feasible option for salvage of reocclusion and thrombolysis of distal inaccessible thrombi during endovascular stroke revascularization. Its safety and efficacy need to be studied further in larger, multicenter, controlled studies.
A transfer function for the prediction of gas hydrate inventories in marine sediments
Authors: Marquardt M. , Hensen C. , Piñero E. , Wallmann K. , Haeckel M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract. A simple prognostic tool for gas hydrate (GH) quantification in marine sediments is presented based on a diagenetic transport-reaction model approach. One of the most crucial factors for the application of diagenetic models is the accurate formulation of microbial degradation rates of particulate organic carbon (POC) and the coupled formation of biogenic methane. Wallmann et al. (2006) suggested a kinetic formulation considering the ageing effects of POC and accumulation of reaction products (CH4, CO2) in the pore water. This model is applied to data sets of several ODP sites in order to test its general validity. Based on a thorough parameter analysis considering a wide range of environmental conditions, the POC accumulation rate (POCar in g/m2/yr) and the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ in m) were identified as the most important and independent controls for biogenic GH formation. Hence, depth-integrated GH inventories in marine sediments (GHI in g of CH4 per cm2 seafloor area) can be estimated as: GHI = a · POCar · GHSZb · exp (– GHSZc/POCar/d) + e with a = 0.00214, b = 1.234, c = –3.339, d = 0.3148, e = –10.265. The transfer function gives a realistic first order approximation of the minimum GH inventory in low gas flux (LGF) systems. The overall advantage of the presented function is its simplicity compared to the application of complex numerical models, because only two easily accessible parameters need to be determined.
TeleSpeech Therapy Pilot Project: Stakeholder Satisfaction
Authors: Crutchley Sena , Campbell Michael 
Published: September 2010

This pilot study of a school-based telepractice pilot project in a rural, remote county of North Carolina investigated the satisfaction of parents/caregivers, teachers, and administrators with a year-long telespeech therapy program delivered by a university clinic. Upon completion of the almost year-long project, a satisfaction survey incorporating a 5-point equal-appearing Likert scale (1= strongly disagree; 5= strongly agree) was disseminated to the stakeholders. The results sorted by the three populations surveyed, indicated stakeholder satisfaction with student progress toward their speech and language goals, and clinician accessibility and responsiveness (mean ratings > 4 points). The respondents (N=23) also indicated they would “recommend TeleSpeech Therapy to other school districts” (mean rating: 4.3). The only mean rating below 4.0 was associated with teacher responses to the statement: “My expectations for the TeleSpeech Therapy program have been met” (mean rating: 3.92). Overall, parents/caregivers, teachers, and administrators appeared to find telepractice a satisfactory service delivery model for school-based speech-language therapy.
Viewpoint: Telecommunications and Internet Broadband Policy: Sorting Out the Pieces for Telerehabilitation
Authors: Seelman Kate D. 
Published: September 2010

Technological change is accelerating and with it regulatory upheaval. Most of us agree that providing universal telecommunication services to all our citizens is a worthy ideal. Nonetheless, many of us do not agree that regulation should be the means to make broadband Internet services widely available. This Viewpoint begins sorting out pieces of the emerging United States, regulatory and policy puzzle for broadband Internet with an eye to the interests of telerehabilitation providers and consumers. Just how might changes in legal authority, regulation and agency jurisdictions impact us?Key words: telecommunications regulation, telerehabilitation, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Telecommunications Act of 1996, National Broadband Plan; Comcast vs. FCC; electronic health records (EHR); personal health records (PHR); health information technology (HIT),
Texture Dependent Mechanical Anisotropy of X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Mouriño N. Sanchez , Petrov R. , Bae J.‐ho , Kim K. , Kestens L. A. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPipeline steel grades API X80 are used for oil and gas transport. The most important mechanical properties of these steel grades are strength and fracture toughness. A remarkable directional anisotropy of toughness and strength were often observed in the plates. The effect of the thermomechanical processing parameters on the mechanical properties and texture of several commercial pipeline API X80 plates were investigated with a particular emphasis on the effect of the slab reheating temperature and the finish cooling temperature on the directional anisotropy. The crystallographic texture gave rise to a specific anisotropy profile in yield strength and in Charpy fracture energy in the ductile–brittle transition temperature domain. The observed anisotropy pattern could be understood on the basis of crystal plasticity and crystal fracture principles.
Development of Microstructure and Texture of Hematite Ores Deformed to Large Strain in Torsion: Can Texture Identify the Prevailing Strength and Creep Mechanisms During Deformation?
Authors: Siemes Heinrich , Rybacki Erik , Kunze Karsten , Klingenberg Birgit , Naumann Michael , Brokmeier Heinz‐Günter , Jansen Ekkehard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSamples of fine‐grained (approximately 9 µm) and coarse‐grained (approximately 45 µm) hematite ores with almost random crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) were deformed in high pressure, high temperature (400 MPa, 850–1 000 °C) torsion experiments up to shear strains of 4.7. Samples with large initial grain size, preferably deformed by dislocation creep attended by dynamic recrystallization, showed grain size reduction and a weak CPO (J ∼ 1.4 at 950 °C). In contrast, fine‐grained ores, deformed mainly by grain boundary sliding accompanied by dislocation activity with slip on the dominant basal glide system, showed grain growth and a strong CPO (J ∼ 2.9). At high strain both ores attained similar strength and grain size, but different CPOs. The experiments demonstrate that the texture intensity of highly deformed rocks strongly depends on initial microstructure and may not reflect unambiguously the prevailing deformation mechanism and strength as often assumed in field studies.