bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ingot-like class of wavefront sensors for laser guide stars
Authors: Ragazzoni R. , Portaluri E. , Greggio D. , Dima M. , Arcidiacono C. , Bergomi M. , Di Filippo S. , Gomes Machado T. S. , Santhakumari K. K. R. , Viotto V. , Battaini F. , Carolo E. , Chinellato S. , Farinato J. , Magrin D. , Marafatto L. , Umbriaco G. , Vassallo D. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Full sky coverage adaptive optics (AO) on extremely large telescopes requires the adoption of several laser guide stars as references. With such large apertures, the apparent elongation of the beacons is absolutely significant. With a few exceptions, wavefront sensors (WFSs) designed for natural guide stars can be adapted and used in suboptimal mode in this context.Aims. We analyse and describe the geometrical properties of a class of WFSs that are specifically designed to deal with laser guide stars propagated from a location in the immediate vicinity of the telescope aperture.Methods. We describe, in three dimensions, the loci where the light of the laser guide stars would focus in the focal volume located behind the focal plane where astronomical objects are reimaged. We also describe the properties of several types of optomechanical devices that act as perturbers for this new class of pupil plane sensors, through refraction and reflections. We refer to these as ingot WFSs.Results. We provide the recipes both for the most reasonably complex version of these WFSs, with six pupils and, for the simplest one, only three pupils. Both of them are referred to on the basis of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) case. We outlined elements that are meant to give a qualitative idea of how the sensitivity of this new class of sensors compares to conventional ones.Conclusions. We present a new class of WFSs, based on an extension to the case of elongated sources at a finite distance of the pyramid WFS. We point out which advantages of the pyramid can be retained and how it may be adopted to optimize the sensing procedure.
Efficiency of black hole formation via collisions in stellar systems
Authors: Vergara M. C. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Escala A. , Reinoso B. , Flammini Dotti F. , Kamlah A. W. H. , Liempi M. , Hoyer N. , Neumayer N. , Spurzem R. 
Published: June 2024

Context. This paper explores the theoretical relation between star clusters and black holes within them, focusing on the potential role of nuclear star clusters (NSCS), globular clusters (GCS), and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDS) as environments that allow for black hole formation via stellar collisions.
Aims. This study aims to identify the optimal conditions for stellar collisions across a range of stellar systems, leading to the formation of very massive stars that subsequently collapse into black holes. We analyze data from numerical simulations and observations of diverse stellar systems, encompassing various initial conditions, initial mass functions, and evolution scenarios.
Methods. We computed a critical mass, determined by the interplay of the collision time, system age, and initial properties of the star cluster. The efficiency of black hole formation (ϵBH) is defined as the ratio of initial stellar mass divided by the critical mass.
Results. We find that stellar systems with a ratio of initial stellar mass over critical mass above 1 exhibit a high efficiency in terms of black hole formation, ranging from 30 − 100%. While there is some scatter, potentially attributed to complex system histories and the presence of gas, the results highlight the potential for achieving high efficiencies via a purely collisional channel in black hole formation.
Conclusions. In conclusion, this theoretical exploration elucidates the connection between star clusters and black hole formation. The study underscores the significance of UCDS, GCS, and NSCS as environments conducive to the black hole formation scenario via stellar collisions. The defined black hole formation efficiency (ϵBH) is shown to be influenced by the ratio of the initial stellar mass to the critical mass.
Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding’s Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad , Sarfraz Sadaf , Saleem Gullelalah , Khan Touqeer Ahmad , Shahid Damiya , Taj Saba , Amir Noor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women’s mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women’s reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one’s risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed
weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
Risk of Lymphoma and Leukemia in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A
Retrospective Cohort Study in Germany
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Krieg Sarah , Al Natour Omar M.S. , Brünjes Stephanie , Schott Matthias , Kostev Karel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThyroid cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. While differentiated
thyroid cancer (DTC) has a high survival rate, concerns arise regarding optimal
treatment strategies and potential long-term risks, including second primary
malignancies (SPMs), associated with therapies such as radioiodine (RAI). The
aim of the present study was to investigate the association between thyroid
cancer and the incidence of subsequent lymphoma and leukemia in Germany. This
retrospective cohort study used the IQVIA TM Disease Analyzer database and
included adults with a first documented diagnosis of thyroid cancer between
January 2005 and December 2021 as well as propensity score matched individuals
without thyroid cancer in 1284 general practices. Univariate Cox regression
models were performed to examine the association between thyroid cancer and the
incidence of subsequent lymphoma and leukemia. A total of 4232 thyroid cancer
patients (mean age: 54.2 years; 73.6% female) and 21 160 controls (mean age:
54.2 years; 72.6% female) were available for analyses. Thyroid cancer was
significantly associated with a higher lymphoma incidence (HR: 3.35, 95% CI:
2.04–5.52), especially in men (HR: 5.37) and those aged 61–70 years. Leukemia
incidence was not significantly associated with thyroid cancer (HR: 1.79, 95%
CI: 0.91–3.53), although associations were notable in younger age groups.
Thyroid cancer is positively associated with a risk of subsequent lymphoma,
highlighting the need for vigilant surveillance and tailored treatment
strategies. While the association with leukemia is less pronounced, close
surveillance remains critical, especially in younger patients.
Neonatal Cardiac Rhabdomyoma: A Single-Center
Experience
Authors: Kaya Başak , Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Sayıcı İlker Ufuk , Kunt Seda , Doğangönül Merve , Şahin Gürses , Aksoy Ömer Nuri , Uçan Berna , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim Cardiac rhabdomyoma, known as the most common benign cardiac tumor in
childhood, is strongly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. This study
aims to present our single-center experience regarding clinical observations,
diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for cardiac rhabdomyoma
identified during the neonatal period.
Patients and Methods In this clinical observational study, we
retrospectively assessed the outcomes of 12 newborn patients diagnosed with
cardiac rhabdomyoma who were followed up in our neonatal intensive care unit
over the past 12 years.
Results The mean gestational age of the patients was 38.2±1.6 weeks, with
an average birth weight of 3193±314 grams. The mean postnatal age at initial
diagnosis was 12.42±15.75 days. Tuberous sclerosis complex was clinically
identified in 50% of cases (six patients). Seven infants received everolimus
treatment, while three infants underwent clinical monitoring without specific
interventions. A significant reduction in cardiac mass size was observed in all
surviving patients, leading to their subsequent discharge from the hospital.
Conclusion Cardiac rhabdomyomas often undergo spontaneous regression in
early childhood. However, in cases with obstructive lesions or arrhythmias, they
may present life-threatening consequences. Timely diagnosis, appropriate
clinical management, and monitoring are crucial in optimizing outcomes for
neonates with cardiac rhabdomyoma.
Mechanical Evaluation of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft Fixation to the Tibia in ACL Reconstruction: Bone Plug Tensioning and Fixation System versus Interference Screw
Authors: Iuchi Ryo , Shino Konsei , Mae Tatsuo , Yamakawa Satoshi , Nakata Ken 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of bone plug fixation to the tibia with a novel device, the Bone plug Tensioning and Fixation (BTF) system.Forty bone–tendon–bone grafts consisting of the whole patella–patellar tendon–tibial bone plug of 10-mm width and tibiae from the porcine were prepared. After creating a 10-mm tibial tunnel, the tibial bone plug was fixed to the tibia with the BTF system or the interference screw (IFS) to prepare a test specimen of the patella–patellar tendon–tibial bone plug fixed to the tibia. For the graft tension controllability study, a predetermined initial tension of 9.8 or 19.6 N was applied and maintained for 5 minutes. Then the bone plug was fixed to the tibia with the BTF system or IFS in 10 specimens, monitoring the residual tension for an additional 5 minutes. Then, a cyclic loading test and a tension-to-failure test were performed.The mean difference between the residual tension and the predetermined tension was significantly smaller in BTF fixation (9.8 N → 10.6 ± 2.2 N; 19.6 N → 18.9 ± 2.1 N) than in IFS fixation (9.8 N → 23.4 ± 7.4 N; 19.6 N → 28.9 ± 11.5 N). The mean displacement of the bone plug after cyclic loading was significantly less in the BTF group (1.2 ± 0.6 mm) than in the IFS group (2.2 ± 1.0 mm; p < 0.01). Stiffness was significantly greater in the BTF group (504.6 ± 148.8 N/mm) than in the IFS group (294.7 ± 96.7 N/mm; p < 0.01), whereas the maximum failure loads in the two groups did not differ significantly (724.2 ± 180.3 N in the BTF and 634.8 ± 159.4 N in the IFS groups).BTF system better performed in graft tension controllability than IFS did. BTF fixation was superior to IFS fixation in the displacement of the bone plug during the cyclic loading test and in stiffness in the tension-to-failure test.
Rapid and Mild Nucleophilic Substitution of a Highly Active (Indol-2-yl)methyl Electrophile in a Microflow Reactor
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Matsuura Yuma , Yamasaki Naoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndoles are common motifs in functional agricultural and pharmaceutical molecules. Heteroatom alkylation is the most frequently used chemical reaction in the pharmaceutical field. Developing protocols for the nucleophilic substitution of (indol-2-yl)methyl electrophiles is important for functionalizing indoles. There are few studies on the nucleophilic substitution at the 2′-position of the electrophiles without an electron-withdrawing group at the 1-position or substituents at the 2′- and 3-positions, where the existing approaches require high temperatures and long reaction times. In this study, we demonstrated rapid (7–12 s) and mild (25 °C) microflow nucleophilic substitution at the 2′-position of indole derivatives without an electron-withdrawing group at the 1-position and substituents at the 2′- or 3-positions. Comparable batch conditions resulted in a lower yield.
Comparing Genomic Profiles of ALK Fusion-Positive and ALK Fusion-Negative Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Xia Wenchao , Yang Jing , Li Hongbin , Li Ling , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion events account for 3 to 7% of genetic alterations in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore the landscape of ALK fusion-positive and ALK fusion-negative in a large cohort of NSCLC patients.
Methods The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of NSCLC patients who underwent next-generation sequencing from 2020 to 2023 in Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd. Clinical laboratory were included in this study.
Results In the current study, a total of 180 (3.20%) patients tested positive for ALK fusions in 5,622 NSCLC samples. Within the ALK-positive cohort, a total of 228 ALK fusions were identified. Furthermore, five novel ALK fusion partners, including DAB1-ALK, KCMF1-ALK, KIF13A-ALK, LOC643770-ALK, and XDH-ALK were identified. In cases with ALK fusion-positive, TP53 alterations were the most prevalent (26.3%), followed by CDKN2A (8.4%), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, 5.6%), and ALK (5.6%). By contrast, EGFR alterations were most prevalent (51%) in patients with ALK fusion-negative NSCLC, followed by TP53 (42.7%), KRAS (11.6%), and CDKN2A (11.3%). A total of 10 cases where ALK fusion co-occurred with EGFR mutations were also identified. Notably, the ALK fusion positivity rate was higher in younger patients (p < 0.0001) and in female patients (p = 0.0429). Additionally, positive ALK test results were more prevalent in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression, especially when applying a 50% cutoff.
Conclusions Collectively, these findings offer valuable genomic insights that could inform the personalized clinical care of patients with NSCLC harboring ALK fusions within the context of precision medicine.
Sleep Quality and Its Predictors in Brazilian Marines
Authors: Portugal Guillermo Brito , Ferreira Fabrícia Geralda , Costa Carlos Magno Amaral , Damasceno Vinicius de Oliveira , Doimo Leonice Aparecida 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep and its associated factors in marines (Fuzileiros Navais - FN) of the Brazilian Navy.
Material and Methods The participants included 1,248 military personnel who responded remotely to the following instruments: anamnesis, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Eating Habits Scale, and the K10 Questionnaire. Anthropometric information was obtained from a database. Subgroup analysis (good x poor sleep) and regression analysis were performed to verify the factors associated with poor sleep quality.
Results A total of 74.12% of the military were characterized by poor sleep quality. There were differences between sleep quality and sociodemographic, behavioral, and professional factors. Age, being an Officer, and physical activity were protective factors, while living with young children, having more energy in the evening, daytime sleepiness, having problems at work, distress, and regular eating habits were predisposing to poor sleep.
Discussion Marines of the Brazilian Navy have a high prevalence of poor sleep quality associated with personal, family, and occupational factors as contributors to the problem, indicating the need to develop health actions that favor good sleep hygiene in these professionals.
Revival of the bhadra man in Rituparno Ghosh’s Unishe April and Dahan
Authors: Ganguly Debapriya , Singh Rajni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRituparno Ghosh’s cinematization of Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997) is a systemic triad interrogative feminist narrative of a case of sexual and non-sexual violence, the gendered spatial politics of Calcutta and the performativity of Bengali masculinity. The present study delves into the nuanced portrayal of the bhadralok masculinities in the cinematic texts of Rituparno Ghosh’s Unishe April (1994) and Dahan (1997). This research paper aims to articulate the relationship of Bengali bhadralok masculinity and the scattered hegemonies of socio-cultural structures of domination and patriarchal systems operating on multiple levels in the Bengali context. The bhadralok politics of the yesteryears was built on a collusion with the colonial system and espoused a broad spectrum of ideologies, including nationalism, liberalism, and humanism. Scholarly writings on Rituparno Ghosh have documented gender politics with an implicit focus on the feminine and queer subjectivity. The arguments of the present paper depart from the idea that masculinity is a genderless and a reified construct. Through a specific focus on masculinity and the masculine ideology’s nexus with gender social structuring, the present paper questions the invisibilization of masculine power, privilege, and performance. The bhadralok masculinity, though seemingly progressive and egalitarian, the embodiment preserves the patriarchal status quo of unequal gender relationships. Through an interrogation of the intersections of the changing bhadralok masculinities and its complex nexus with the changing social and cultural institutions across time and space, the study asserts that the cultured and sophisticated bhadralok gendered order is a failed political reconfiguration of masculinity.
Simultaneous measurement of surface velocity and plasma density with interferometric velocimetry
Authors: Brown Nathan P. , Jennings Christopher A. , De La Cruz Christopher , Dolan Daniel H. 
Published: June 2024

The apparent velocity measured by an interferometric surface velocimeter is a function of both the surface velocity and the time derivative of the refractive index along the measurement path. We employed this dual sensitivity to simultaneously measure km/s surface velocities and 1018 cm−3 average plasma densities with combined VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) and PDV (photonic Doppler velocimetry) measurements in experiments performed on the Z Pulsed Power Facility. We detail the governing equations, associated assumptions, and analysis specifics and show that the surface velocity can be extracted without knowledge of the specific plasma density profile.
Scaling Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Nationally: The Case of the Fleming Fund in Kenya
Authors: Kasudi Mitchelle R. , Muloi Dishon M. , Maurice Murungi K. , Azegele Allan , Ndanyi Romona , Gunturu Revathi , Ombajo Loice , Tanui Emmanuel , Onsare Robert S. , Omuse Geoffrey , Kariuki Samuel , Fèvre Eric M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rising levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals have reached alarming levels and are being recognized as a serious incremental threat to global food security, animal health and public health. The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health, and that AMR can be spread between different species and environments. The Fleming Fund, a UK Overseas Development Aid program managed by the UK’s Department of Health and Social Care, aims to improve AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance data in Africa and Asia by generating, sharing, and using data to improve antimicrobial use and encourage investment in AMR research and development. The Fund awarded grants to several countries, including Kenya, to support national efforts in strengthening their capacity to collect, manage and use data on antimicrobial use and resistance. Six institutions, including the International Livestock Research Institute, University of Nairobi, the Aga Khan University, the Kenya Medical Research Institute, PATH and Washington State University, formed the Fleming Fund consortium in Kenya. Across animal and human health sectors, this consortium supported activities that address the gaps in the surveillance of AMR and its causes including antimicrobial stewardship training, development and dissemination of standard operating procedures for both active and passive AMR surveillance, capacity building of field and laboratory personnel and infrastructure work among other activities. The wide range of data acquired through this program will impact evidence-based policies and programs, enabling consumers and stakeholders to make informed decisions that preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics.

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Quadrupolar radiation in de Sitter: displacement memory and Bondi metric
Authors: Compère Geoffrey , Hoque Sk Jahanur , Kutluk Emine Şeyma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe obtain the closed form expression for the metric perturbation around de Sitter spacetime generated by a matter source below Hubble scale both in generalized harmonic gauge and in Bondi gauge up to quadrupolar order in the multipolar expansion, including both parities (i.e. both mass and current quadrupoles). We demonstrate that such a source causes a displacement memory effect close to future infinity that originates, in the even-parity sector, from a Λ-BMS transition between the two non-radiative regions of future infinity.
Equation of state of hot neutron star matter using finite range simple effective interaction
Authors: Routray T R , Sahoo S , Viñas X , Basu D N , Centelles M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The equation of state (EoS) of hot neutron star matter (NSM) of n+p+e+μ composition in β-equilibrium is studied for both neutrino-free isothermal and neutrino-trapped isoentropic conditions, using the formalism where the thermal evolution is built upon its zero-temperature predictions in a self-consistent manner. The accuracy of the parabolic approximation, often used in the finite temperature calculation of hot NSM, is verified by comparing with the results obtained from the exact evaluation in the neutrino-free NSM. The EoS of neutrino-trapped isoentropic matter at low entropic condition, relevant to the core-collapsing supernovae, is formulated. In the isoentropic matter, the particle fractions and EoS have marginal variance as entropy per particle vary between 1 and 3 (in the unit of k
B), but the temperature profile shows marked variation. The isentropes are found to be much less sensitive to the nuclear matter incompressibility, but have large dependence on the slope parameter L. The bulk properties of the neutron stars predicted by the isoentropic EoSs for different entropy are calculated. A model calculation for the early stage evolution of protoneutron star to neutron star configuration is also given.