bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare Machine: New AI-Based Technologies for Textual Analysis
Authors: Ehrett Carl , Ghita Lucian , Ranwala Dillon , Menezes Alison 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article demonstrates a method using tools from the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to aid in analyzing theatrical texts and similar works. The method deploys pre-trained large language model neural networks to gather metadata for a text that is amenable to downstream statistical analyses surfacing patterns of interest in character dialogue. We specifically focus on Shakespeare’s works, collecting metadata in the form of sentiment and emotion scores for each line of his plays. In addition to sentiment and emotion scores produced by NLP models, we also directly gather metadata such as genre, line length, and character gender. We show how these metadata may be used to illuminate a number of interesting patterns in Shakespearean character which may be difficult to detect from a direct reading of the texts. We use these metadata to expose statistically significant relationships in Shakespeare between character gender and the emotional content of that character’s dialogue, controlling for genre. We also present here the publicly available dataset that we have compiled to perform these analyses. The data collects text from Shakespeare’s plays along with a variety of metadata useful for this and other forms of analysis of Shakespeare’s works. The methodology demonstrated here may be extended to other varieties of metadata provided by large NLP models.
Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A M , El-Gendy Samir A A , Atkinson Brian , Sturrock Craig J , Kamal Basma M , Alibhai Aziza , Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H , Soliman Soha , Rashwan Ahmed M , Roshdy Karam , Rutland Catrin S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ossa cordis, bones located within the heart trigones, are often classified as heterotopic or ectopic bones. Despite their high prevalence in cattle and some other bovids, little is known about their structure or development. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, gross dissections, and measurements showed the anatomical locations, prevalence, shapes, and measurements of the cardiac bones in both Egyptian Baladi cattle and Holstein-Friesians. All cattle (n = 12) had an Ossa cordis dextrum (average = 50.70 × 20.91 × 5.40 mm). Additionally, 80% Egyptian Baladi and 57% Holstein-Friesian had a smaller Ossa cordis sinistrum (average = 24.94 × 12.75 × 4.12 mm). Egyptian Baladi Ossa cordis were smaller than observed in Holstein-Friesians. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed the elemental constitution (carbon, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium) of Ossa cordis and Cartilago cordis. These imaging techniques, plus four histological stains (hematoxylin and eosin, Crossman's trichrome, Alcian blue with Van Gieson, and Sirius Red) and microscopy, demonstrated osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, astrocytes, blood vessels, bone marrow, lamellar and woven bone, cortical bone, trabeculations with pores and canaliculi, and fibrous components including collagen in the Ossa cordis dextrum and sinistrum. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage (chondrocytes and cartilage matrix) were found within and surrounding the Ossa cordis. These findings were additionally compared against other cattle breeds and species.
Schoenberg as Analyst
Authors: Haralambous Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Schoenberg’s understanding of the value and function of music analysis is difficult to pin down. As such, the secondary literature has tended to focus on the technical aspects of his extant analyses. While salutary in many respects, this preoccupation risks divesting Schoenbergian analysis of its underlying concerns. This essay therefore explores the wider network of ideas in which Schoenberg’s analytical practice is grounded. I show his understanding of analysis to be delineated by three contrasting perspectives. The tensions that emerge between these perspectives may be reconciled within a single epistemological framework that outlines the prospects for and limitations of analytical enquiry. This model of analysis is illustrated by a case study of Schoenberg’s 1932 radio discussion of ‘Seraphita’, Op. 22 No. 1. In these ways, the article not only expands and clarifies our understanding of Schoenberg’s analytical thinking, but also poses provocative challenges for the analysis of his music.
Measuring the Efficiency of Purging by non-random Mating in Human Populations
Authors: Laurent Romain , Gineau Laure , Utge José , Lafosse Sophie , Phoeung Chan Leakhena , Hegay Tatyana , Olaso Robert , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Toupance Bruno , Heyer Evelyne , Leutenegger Anne-Louise , Chaix Raphaëlle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Human populations harbor a high concentration of deleterious genetic variants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that non-random mating practices affect the distribution of these variants, through exposure in the homozygous state, leading to their purging from the population gene pool. To do so, we produced whole-genome sequencing data for two pairs of Asian populations exhibiting different alliance rules and rates of inbreeding, but with similar effective population sizes. The results show that populations with higher rates of inbred matings do not purge deleterious variants more efficiently. Purging therefore has a low efficiency in human populations, and different mating practices lead to a similar mutational load.
Disturbance in cerebral blood microcirculation and hypoxic-ischemic microenvironment are associated with the development of brain metastasis
Authors: Roesler Jenny , Spitzer Daniel , Jia Xiaoxiong , Aasen Synnøve Nymark , Sommer Kathleen , Roller Bastian , Olshausen Niels , Hebach Nils R , Albinger Nawid , Ullrich Evelyn , Zhu Ling , Wang Fan , Macas Jadranka , Forster Marie-Therese , Steinbach Joachim P , Sevenich Lisa , Devraj Kavi , Thorsen Frits , Karreman Matthia A , Plate Karl H , Reiss Yvonne , Harter Patrick N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Brain metastases (BM) constitute an increasing challenge in oncology due to their impact on neurological function, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. BM occurs through extravasation of circulating tumor cells across the blood-brain barrier. However, the extravasation processes are still poorly understood. We here propose a brain colonization process which mimics infarction-like microenvironmental reactions, that are dependent on Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Methods
In this study, intracardiac BM models were used, and cerebral blood microcirculation was monitored by 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window. BM formation was observed using cranial magnetic resonance, bioluminescent imaging, and postmortem autopsy. Ang-2/VEGF targeting strategies and Ang-2 gain-of-function (GOF) mice were employed to interfere with BM formation. In addition, vascular and stromal factors as well as clinical outcomes were analyzed in BM patients.

Results
Blood vessel occlusions by cancer cells were detected, accompanied by significant disturbances of cerebral blood microcirculation, and focal stroke-like histological signs. Cerebral endothelial cells showed an elevated Ang-2 expression both in mouse and human BM. Ang-2 GOF resulted in an increased BM burden. Combined anti-Ang-2/anti-VEGF therapy led to a decrease in brain metastasis size and number. Ang-2 expression in tumor vessels of established human BM negatively correlated with survival.

Conclusions
Our observations revealed a relationship between disturbance of cerebral blood microcirculation and brain metastasis formation. This suggests that vessel occlusion by tumor cells facilitates brain metastatic extravasation and seeding, while combined inhibition of microenvironmental effects of Ang-2 and VEGF prevents the outgrowth of macrometastases.
Links between Calcite Kimberlite, Aillikite and Carbonatite in West Greenland: Numeric Modeling of Compositional Relationships
Authors: Pilbeam L H , Nielsen T F D , Waight T , Tappe S 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTextural, mineralogical and mineral compositional observations in a suite of Neoproterozoic aillikite and calcite kimberlite dykes from southern West Greenland point to consistent variations in melt major element compositions amongst these silica-undersaturated magma types. The aillikites have notably higher bulk SiO2/CO2, H2O/CO2 and K2O compared to calcite kimberlite. Bulk rock arrays, together with field and petrographic observations, emphasize that flow sorting of olivine and other crystalline phases during magma emplacement is important in controlling the compositions of individual samples from these ultramafic dykes. Flow sorting together with variable overall proportions of entrained lithospheric mantle material result in scatter on element–element plots, which makes the interpretation of regional scale major and trace element geochemical datasets difficult. We argue that a significant proportion of the regional Ni–MgO variation in the ultramafic dyke suite of SW Greenland is due to variation in the proportion of an entrained refractory lithospheric mantle component. Therefore, ratios of elements to MgO can be used as proxies for melt compositions. Ratios of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO and K2O over MgO are systematically higher, and CO2/MgO lower, in aillikites compared to calcite kimberlites. The trace element patterns of the calcite kimberlite and aillikite dykes show strong similarities in incompatible element concentrations, resulting in overlapping ratios for the highly to moderately incompatible elements. However, differences in Zr-Hf concentrations between rock types imply differences in mantle source mineralogy. Guided by our observations, we present mixing models that demonstrate that partial flux-melting of phlogopite–ilmenite metasomes within the cratonic mantle lithosphere is capable of produce the geochemical characteristics of aillikites and mela-aillikites in West Greenland. Fusion of cratonic metasomes was initiated by infiltrating asthenosphere-derived carbonatitic melts previously identified as the parental liquids to calcite kimberlite.
The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK16 regulates hypoxia-induced ROS production by phosphorylating the NADPH oxidase RBOHD in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Wei-Wei , Chen Qin-Fang , Liao Ke , Zhou De-Mian , Yang Yi-Cong , He Miao , Yu Lu-Jun , Guo De-Ying , Xiao Shi , Xie Ruo-Han , Zhou Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a key event in modulating plant responses to hypoxia and post-hypoxia reoxygenation. However, the molecular mechanism by which hypoxia-associated ROS homeostasis is controlled remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK16 regulates plant hypoxia tolerance by phosphorylating the plasma membrane-anchored NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD) to regulate ROS production in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In response to hypoxia or reoxygenation, CPK16 was activated through phosphorylation of its Ser274 residue. The cpk16 knockout mutant displayed enhanced hypoxia tolerance, whereas CPK16-overexpressing (CPK16-OE) lines showed increased sensitivity to hypoxic stress. In agreement with these observations, hypoxia and reoxygenation both induced ROS accumulation in the rosettes of CPK16-OEs more strongly than in the rosettes of the cpk16-1 mutant or the wild type. Moreover, CPK16 interacted with and phosphorylated the N-terminus of RBOHD at 4 serine residues (Ser133, Ser148, Ser163, and Ser347) that were necessary for hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced ROS accumulation. Furthermore, the hypoxia-tolerant phenotype of cpk16-1 was fully abolished in the cpk16 rbohd double mutant. Thus, we have uncovered a regulatory mechanism by which the CPK16–RBOHD module shapes the ROS production during hypoxia and reoxygenation in Arabidopsis.
A cellulose synthesis inhibitor affects cellulose synthase complex secretion and cortical microtubule dynamics
Authors: Renou Julien , Li Deqiang , Lu Juan , Zhang Baocai , Gineau Emilie , Ye Yajin , Shi Jianmin , Voxeur Aline , Akary Elodie , Marmagne Anne , Gonneau Martine , Uyttewaal Magalie , Höfte Herman , Zhao Yang , Vernhettes Samantha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
P4B (2-phenyl-1-[4-(6-(piperidin-1-yl) pyridazin-3-yl) piperazin-1-yl] butan-1-one) is a novel cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) discovered in a screen for molecules to identify inhibitors of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedling growth. Growth and cellulose synthesis inhibition by P4B were greatly reduced in a novel mutant for the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit gene CESA3 (cesa3pbr1). Cross-tolerance to P4B was also observed for isoxaben-resistant (ixr) cesa3 mutants ixr1-1 and ixr1-2. P4B has an original mode of action as compared with most other CBIs. Indeed, short-term treatments with P4B did not affect the velocity of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) but led to a decrease in CSC density in the plasma membrane without affecting their accumulation in microtubule-associated compartments. This was observed in the wild type but not in a cesa3pbr1 background. This reduced density correlated with a reduced delivery rate of CSCs to the plasma membrane but also with changes in cortical microtubule dynamics and orientation. At longer timescales, however, the responses to P4B treatments resembled those to other CBIs, including the inhibition of CSC motility, reduced growth anisotropy, interference with the assembly of an extensible wall, pectin demethylesterification, and ectopic lignin and callose accumulation. Together, the data suggest that P4B either directly targets CESA3 or affects another cellular function related to CSC plasma membrane delivery and/or microtubule dynamics that is bypassed specifically by mutations in CESA3.
Stomatal CO2 responses at sub- and above-ambient CO2 levels employ different pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Koolmeister Kaspar , Merilo Ebe , Hõrak Hanna , Kollist Hannes 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stomatal pores that control plant CO2 uptake and water loss affect global carbon and water cycles. In the era of increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), it is essential to understand how these stimuli affect stomatal behavior. Whether stomatal responses to sub-ambient and above-ambient CO2 levels are governed by the same regulators and depend on VPD remains unknown. We studied stomatal conductance responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stomatal signaling mutants under conditions where CO2 levels were either increased from sub-ambient to ambient (400 ppm) or from ambient to above-ambient levels under normal or elevated VPD. We found that guard cell signaling components involved in CO2-induced stomatal closure have different roles in the sub-ambient and above-ambient CO2 levels. The CO2-specific regulators prominently affected sub-ambient CO2 responses, whereas the lack of guard cell slow-type anion channel SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) more strongly affected the speed of above-ambient CO2-induced stomatal closure. Elevated VPD caused lower stomatal conductance in all studied genotypes and CO2 transitions, as well as faster CO2-responsiveness in some studied genotypes and CO2 transitions. Our results highlight the importance of experimental setups in interpreting stomatal CO2-responsiveness, as stomatal movements under different CO2 concentration ranges are controlled by distinct mechanisms. Elevated CO2 and VPD responses may also interact. Hence, multi-factor treatments are needed to understand how plants integrate different environmental signals and translate them into stomatal responses.
Relationship between human serum metabolites and angina pectoris: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiong Jian , Liao Ying , Yang Liyuan , Wei Ying , Li Dehua , Zhao Yi , Zheng Qianhua , Qi Wenchuan , Liang Fanrong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to explore the causal relationship between human serum metabolites and angina pectoris.

Methods
This study used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the association between 486 serum metabolites and angina pectoris. The analytical methods employed to reduce study bias included inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median method. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method, while instrumental variable pleiotropy was tested with MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier. Metabolic pathways of angina-associated metabolites were analysed on the MetaboAnalyst metabolomics analysis tool platform.

Results
In this study, 42 serum metabolites were found to be strongly associated with angina pectoris. They mainly belonged to seven groups: amino acids, carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, lipids, nucleotides, unknown metabolites, and exogenous substances. Pipecolate posed the highest risk for the development of angina pectoris among the 42 serum metabolites. The main metabolic pathways associated with angina pectoris were glycine, serine, threonine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and caffeine metabolism.

Conclusion
We identified 25 high-risk and 17 protective human serum metabolites associated with angina pectoris. Their associated major metabolic pathways were also determined. The serum metabolite pipecolate was significantly and positively correlated with the risk of angina pectoris. This finding may serve as a valuable reference for testing serum markers associated with angina pectoris.
CPT, Majorana Fermions, and Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Hikasa Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
After reviewing charge conjugation and the CPT theorem, we define Majorana fermions and clarify the relationship between the Majorana, Weyl, and Dirac fields. The appearance of Majorana fermions in various scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model is discussed, including neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of the universe, grand unified theories, and supersymmetry.
Inflation Levels and (In)Attention
Authors: Bracha Anat , Tang Jenny 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inflation expectations are key determinants of economic activity and are central to the current policy debate about whether inflation expectations will remain anchored in the face of recent pandemic-related increases in inflation. This article explores evidence of inattention by constructing two novel and direct measures of consumers’ inattention, and documents greater attention when inflation is high. This relationship can explain a substantial portion of the flattening of the Phillips curve and also suggests the possibility of upward attention-price spirals.
Curcumin protects against cadmium-induced germ cell death in the testis of rats
Authors: Li Yamin , Yang Lu , Su Ping , Chen Na 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cadmium (Cd) has been shown to disrupt the reproductive system. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of Curcumin (Cur) against Cd-induced reproductive toxicity.

Methods
Exploring the role of Cur in Cd-treated rat models.

Results
The study demonstrated that Cd treatment impaired the seminiferous epithelium, leading to increased apoptosis of germ cells. Interestingly, pretreatment with Cur ameliorated the histological damage and decreased the germ cell apoptosis induced by Cd. Furthermore, after Cd exposure, B-cell lymphoma-2 expression was significantly decreased while Bax expression was increased. Pretreatment of rats with Cur protected against germ cell apoptosis by improving the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and reducing Bax. Additionally, Cd treatment increased reactive oxygen species, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant enzymes. However, pretreatment of rats with Cur followed by Cd administration led to a substantial decrease in reactive oxygen species levels and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Ultrastructural investigations revealed that damage to the mitochondrial structure was significantly ameliorated by Cur pretreatment in Cd-treated rats. Notably, Cur significantly activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1a/Sirtuins-3 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Overall, our data suggest that Cd induces germ cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress, but Cur pretreatment offers strong protection against Cd-induced reproductive toxicity.
Impaired cathepsin D in retinal pigment epithelium cells mediates Stargardt disease pathogenesis
Authors: Ng Eunice Sze Yin , Hu Jane , Jiang Zhichun , Radu Roxana A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is an inherited juvenile maculopathy caused by mutations in the ABCA4 gene, for which there is no suitable treatment. Loss of functional ABCA4 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alone, without contribution from photoreceptor cells, was shown to induce STGD1 pathology. Here, we identified cathepsin D (CatD), the primary RPE lysosomal protease, as a key molecular player contributing to endo‐lysosomal dysfunction in STGD1 using a newly developed “disease‐in‐a‐dish” RPE model from confirmed STGD1 patients. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived RPE originating from three STGD1 patients exhibited elevated lysosomal pH, as previously reported in Abca4−/− mice. CatD protein maturation and activity were impaired in RPE from STGD1 patients and Abca4−/− mice. Consequently, STGD1 RPE cells have reduced photoreceptor outer segment degradation and abnormal accumulation of α‐synuclein, the natural substrate of CatD. Furthermore, dysfunctional ABCA4 in STGD1 RPE cells results in intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The altered distribution of PE associated with the internal membranes of STGD1 RPE cells presumably compromises LC3‐associated phagocytosis, contributing to delayed endo‐lysosomal degradation activity. Drug‐mediated re‐acidification of lysosomes in the RPE of STGD1 restores CatD functional activity and reduces the accumulation of immature CatD protein loads. This preclinical study validates the contribution of CatD deficiencies to STGD1 pathology and provides evidence for an efficacious therapeutic approach targeting RPE cells. Our findings support a cell‐autonomous RPE‐driven pathology, informing future research aimed at targeting RPE cells to treat ABCA4‐mediated retinopathies.