bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The parasite community of the nase Chondrostoma nasus (L. 1758) from Austrian rivers
Authors: Jirsa F. , Konecny R. , Frank C. , Sures B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBetween April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 191 individuals of the predominantly herbivorous fish species nase Chondrostoma nasus (L. 1758) were examined for parasites from six river sites in Austria. The following parasite taxa were recovered – Ciliata: Trichodina sp., Chilodonella piscicola, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Myxozoa: Myxobolus muelleri (cysts) and Myxobolus sp. (cysts); Monogenea: Dactylogyrus vistulae, D. chondrostomi and Dactylogyrus spp., Gyrodactylus sp., Diplozoon paradoxum; Digenea: Diplostomum spathaceum (larv.) and Tylodelphis clavata (larv.); Cestoda: Caryophyllaeus laticeps; Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchus laevis; Bivalvia: Unio sp. (Glochidia); Crustacea: Lamproglena pulchella; Hirudinea: Piscicola geometra. The only taxa occurring at all sample sites were Dactylogyrus spp., which was also the dominant taxon at most sites, and Myxobolus muelleri, both from the gills of the fish. This is the first record of the parasite community of the nase in Austria.
Frontal sinus models and onlay templates in osteoplastic flap surgery
Authors: Daniel M , Watson J , Hoskison E , Sama A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:Precise delineation of the extent of frontal sinus pneumatisation is a crucial step in osteoplastic flap frontal sinus surgery. The authors present a novel method of achieving this objective.Methods:First, models of the frontal area are generated using three-dimensional printing based on pre-operative computed tomography image data. These models are then used to create an onlay template of the frontal sinus, which is used intra-operatively.Results:In a series of 10 patients undergoing osteoplastic flap frontal sinus surgery, the described frontal sinus templates were consistently accurate to within 1 mm.Conclusion:Frontal sinus templates are potentially useful adjuncts to current techniques employed to guide frontal sinus surgery.
Endaural meatoplasty: the Whipps Cross technique
Authors: Patil S , Ahmed J , Patel N 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:To describe our technique of endaural meatoplasty for mastoid surgery, and to publish an online video demonstration.Method:After the endaural incision, a skin incision is accurately marked over the anterior conchal bowl, identified by pushing the anti-helix anteriorly. This should meet the line of the endaural incision superiorly and extend inferiorly to the lower anterior edge of the conchal cartilage. After performing the incision, a segment of conchal cartilage is removed. The soft tissue meatoplasty is facilitated by resecting a triangular segment of skin and underlying soft tissue medial to the conchal incision (on which it is based). The free edges are closed with absorbable sutures after the (attico)mastoidectomy.Results:We have used this method on 64 patients over the past two years. Satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes were achieved in all.Conclusion:Our technique is simple, easy to learn, quick and effective in helping to achieve our goal of a dry mastoid cavity with an adequate meatoplasty.
Existence of a measurable saturated compensation function between subshifts and its applications
Authors: YAYAMA YUKI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe show the existence of a bounded Borel measurable saturated compensation function for any factor map between subshifts. As an application, we find the Hausdorff dimension and measures of full Hausdorff dimension for a compact invariant set of an expanding non-conformal map on the torus given by an integer-valued diagonal matrix. These problems were studied in [23] for a compact invariant set whose symbolic representation is a shift of finite type under the condition of the existence of a saturated compensation function. By using the ergodic equilibrium states of a constant multiple of a Borel measurable compensation function, we extend the results to the general case where this condition might not hold, presenting a formula for the Hausdorff dimension for a compact invariant set whose symbolic representation is a subshift and studying invariant ergodic measures of full dimension. We study uniqueness and properties of such measures for a compact invariant set whose symbolic representation is a topologically mixing shift of finite type.
First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Tomato in Mauritius
Authors: Lobin K. , Druffel K. L. , Pappu H. R. , Benimadhu S. P. 
Published: September 2010

Tomato is a food crop of economic importance in Mauritius. It is grown in open fields and in greenhouses by more than 4,500 small- and large-scale growers throughout the island. Open-field tomatoes are mostly a cooking type, while those produced in greenhouses are salad types. Acreage under production is approximately 900 ha with an annual production of approximately 11,500 tons. In September 2009, plants with reduced leaf size, leaf curling, and yellow margins associated with plant dwarfism were observed in open-field tomato crops in the southern part of the island. Whitefly populations were observed in these fields. These symptoms were suggestive of infection with a leaf curl-causing begomovirus such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus). Similar symptoms caused by TYLCV were reported in neighboring Reunion Island in 1997 (1). In October 2009, 3.15 ha of tomato were surveyed in the south at la Flora, Camp diable, L'escalier, Plein Bois, and Plaine Magnien to monitor the disease. Symptomatic plants were observed in all areas surveyed and disease incidence ranged from 5 to 50%. The disease was more prevalent in tomato ‘Swaraksha’ and ‘Epoch’, which are widely cultivated. Seventeen symptomatic leaf samples from La flora, Camp Diable, L'escalier, Plein Bois, and Plaine Magnien areas were collected for begomovirus detection by PCR. Total DNA was extracted and tested using AV494 (5′-GCC YAT RTA YAG RAA GCC MAG-3′) and AC1048 (5′-GGR TTD GAR GCA TGH GTA CAT G-3′) primers from the core region of the coat protein that detect most begomoviruses (2). Seventeen of 17 samples (100%) gave an amplicon of expected size. PCR amplicons from selected samples were cloned and sequenced. The consensus sequence was assembled, and the sequence (GenBank Accession no. HM448447) had 100% identity with nucleotides 458 to 1,036 of the Almeria isolate (GenBank Accession no. AJ489258), an isolate from the Netherlands (FJ439569), Morocco (EF060196), and Spain (AJ519441), and nucleotides 451 to 1,029 of the RE4 isolate from Reunion Island (AM409201). On the basis of the initial sequence obtained, specific primers (RM-TYLCV 583C: 5′-CCA CGA GTA ACA TCA CTA ACA-3′ and RM-TYLCV 895F: 5′-GGA ACA GGC ATT AGT TAA GAG-3′) were designed to amplify the remainder of the genomic sequence by PCR followed by cloning and sequencing of the amplicons. At least three clones were sequenced to arrive at the consensus sequence. Sequence comparisons showed that the TYLCV isolate from Mauritius had the greatest sequence identity (95 to 100%) with the above isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV in tomato in Mauritius. In view of the economic importance of leaf curl disease in tomato in many parts of the world, an island-wide survey needs to be carried out to monitor the disease and assess its impact on tomato production. References: (1) M. Peterschmitt et al. Plant Dis. 83:303, 1999. (2) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.
First Report of Spiroplasma citri in Carrot in Europe
Authors: Cebrián M. C. , Villaescusa F. J. , Alfaro-Fernández A. , de Mendoza A. Hermoso , Córdoba-Sellés M. C. , Jordá C. , Ferrándiz J. C. , Sanjuán S. , Font M. I. 
Published: September 2010

In 2008 and 2009, symptoms of curling, yellow and purple discoloration of leaves, stunting of shoots and tap roots, and formation of bunchy, fibrous secondary roots were observed in commercial carrot (Daucus carota L.) fields located in several production areas of Spain (Alicante, Albacete, Segovia, and Valladolid). Incidence of this disease was almost 100% in individual affected fields. Similar symptoms were reported from 1997 to 1998 in various carrot production areas of Spain (the Canary Islands, Segovia, and Madrid) and were associated with infection of stolbur and aster yellows phytoplasmas (2). Moreover, the observed symptoms resembled those caused by Spiroplasma citri in carrots affected by the carrot purple leaf disease recently reported in the United States (4). Studies were conducted to investigate whether S. citri and phytoplasmas were associated with the observed carrot symptoms. Total DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of phloem tissue of 13 symptomatic and 3 asymptomatic plants with DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). DNA samples were analyzed by nested-PCR assays using primers pair P1/P7 (1) and R16F2n/R16R2n (3) for phytoplasmas and ScR16F1/ScR16R1 followed by ScR16F1A/ScR16R2 (4) for S. citri detection. DNA of a known strain of S. citri (Sediag, Longvic, France) was used as a positive control of the assay. Analyses revealed that 8 of the 13 symptomatic plants tested positive for S. citri; the plants were collected from three different provinces of Spain, namely, Alicante, Valladolid, and Segovia. Two symptomatic plants were double infected by S. citri and a phytoplasma strain belonging to the Aster yellows group (16SrI), subgroup 16SrI-A. However, none of the symptomatic plants presented single infection with phytoplasmas. S. citri identity was determined by sequencing two nested PCR products (1.1 kb) that yielded identical sequences deposited in the GenBank database (Accession Nos. HM124555 and HM124556). BLAST analysis showed 100% nt identity with a sequence of S. citri from carrot (Accession No. DQ112019) associated with the new carrot disease referred to as ‘carrot purple leaf reported in Washington State (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. citri associated with carrot in Europe. References: (1) S. Deng and C. Hiruki. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53, 1991. (2) M. I. Font et al. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas 25:415, 1999. (3) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (4) I. M. Lee et al. Plant Dis. 90:989, 2006.
Modelling the Garden of Perfect Brightness
Authors: Wang LiFeng , Botta David , Ellefson Chris , Fournier Alain 
Published: September 2010

The Yuan Ming Yuan, the Garden of Perfect Brightness, was the culmination of the art of Chinese Imperial gardens. Covering 350 hectares (875 acres) northwest of Beijing, it included 140 distinct sites, 2000 structures, thousands of pieces of furniture and precious objects, countless plants. It was almost totally destroyed in 1860 at the end of the second Opium War by English and French troops in one of the worst acts of cultural vandalism in recorded history.Rebuilding it has proven impossible, but now computer technology, based on 130 years of scholarly documentation makes it possible to build an accurate and detailed model, and will allow us to experience at least virtually the beauty and grandeur that was the Yuan Ming Yuan.This paper describes a project to build such a model, and details the main challenges and difficulties encountered. While commercially available graphics workstations and modelling software can take us most of the way in this task, they fall short with the modelling of natural phenomena such as plants, rocks and bodies of water. In addition the sheer size of the resulting database pushes rendering engines past their limits.
Bracing for another decade of deception: the promise of Secondary Brooks Parsimony Analysis
Authors: Siddall Mark E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBrooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA) and secondary Brooks Parsimony Analysis (SBPA) are found to be lacking an optimality criterion and, more generally, to be lacking the coherence of a research program. Published descriptions of the methodology are self‐contradictory regarding whether they can be used on a priori specified host trees and whether they can be used in host–parasite cospeciation at all. The application of missing data introduces unacknowledged additional problems. Rules for the a posteriori duplication of entities in secondary BPA and the concatenation of associate codes never are specified. Duplication and concatenation are found to be applied both capriciously and unparsimoniously. Claims that SBPA removes inclusive or‐ing from the method are found to be false. The simplest application of the method is found to be superficially unanalytical; others introduce temporal difficulties or defy logical interpretation altogether.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
Dating nodes on molecular phylogenies: a critique of molecular biogeography
Authors: Heads Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTaxa have been dated using three methods: equating their age with the age of the oldest known fossil, with the age of strata the taxa are endemic to, and with the age of paleogeographic events. All three methods have been adopted as methods of dating nodes in molecular phylogenies. The first method has been the most popular, but both this and the second method involve serious difficulties. Studies often, correctly, introduce oldest known fossils as providing minimum ages for divergences. However, in the actual analyses these ages, and ages derived from them, are often treated as absolute ages and earlier geological events are deemed irrelevant to the phylogeny. In fact, only younger geological events can be irrelevant. Studies correlating the age of nodes with age of volcanic islands often overlook the fact that these islands have been produced at subduction zones or hot spots where small, individually ephemeral islands are constantly being produced and disappearing, and a metapopulation can survive indefinitely. Correlating the age of taxa with that of associated paleogeographic events is probably the most promising method but has often been used in a simplistic way, for example in assuming that all divergence across the Isthmus of Panama dates to its final rise. Most workers now agree that a global molecular clock does not exist, and that rates can change between lineages and within a lineage over time. New methods of estimating branch lengths do not assume a strict clock, but the number of models for molecular evolution is then effectively infinite. Problems with calibrating the nodes, as well as with substitution models, mean that phylogeography's claim to be able to test between vicariance and dispersal is not justified.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
From conviction to anti‐superfluity: old and new justifications of parsimony in phylogenetic inference
Authors: Kluge Arnold G. , Grant Taran 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTraditional justifications of parsimony in phylogenetic inference assume a correspondence between character‐state similarity and steps (character transformation events). In addition to similarity, justifying arguments appeal to conviction, descriptive efficiency, ad hoc hypotheses of homoplasy and frequentist probability. Each of these rationales fails in so far as the arguments are incoherent or logically inconsistent with the ontological status of what is assumed and being explained historically. An ideographic justification of parsimony, where character‐states constitute transformation events, does, however, allow for a rational preference of most parsimonious phylogenetic hypotheses by invoking the anti‐superfluity principle (ASP). According to ASP, explanatory power is maximized by minimizing the number of transformation events required to explain the character‐states of the terminal taxa as hypotheses of homology, where the concept homology is restricted to just those inherited“things” shared by species. The empirical significance of this rationale is exemplified with the method of direct optimization, which can identify more parsimonious hypotheses than can be confirmed with an analysis of character‐state similarities.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
Basement controls upon basin development in the Caledonian foreland, NW Scotland
Authors: Stein ALAN M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract The Hebridean basins are part of a compartmentalized half‐graben developed in the hanging wall of the partially reactivated Outer Isles Fault. The importance of geological inheritance in the development of these basins can be demonstrated clearly using the widespread exposure of metamorphic basement around the basin margins. The basement structures have been analysed using thematically mapped Landsat images in conjunction with selective field studies. Results of such studies have been integrated with maps generated from the interpretation of offshore multichannel seismic reflection profiles to produce an architectural framework for basin development.It can be demonstrated that the principal basement faults originated in the early Proterozoic as mid‐crustal shear zones and that they have subsequently been partially reactivated during post‐Caledonian basin development beginning in the Carboniferous and probably also during an earlier period of basin development in the late Proterozoic (the Torridonian). It is the geometry of the pre‐existing basement structures that has controlled the three‐dimensional shape of the sedimentary basins and the spatial and temporal distribution of the basin fill.
Syn‐sedimentary structural controls on basin deformation in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Higgs BILL 
Published: September 2010

Abstract The Plio‐Quaternary history of the Gulf of Corinth Basin has been controlled by dominantly north‐south extension. The basin has an asymmetric graben geometry that is, at the present time, controlled by a master fault (the Gulf of Corinth Fault) downthrowing to the north and running offshore from the north Peloponnese coast.Detailed structural interpretation of single‐channel seismic data collected during RRS ‘Shackleton’ cruise 1/82 combined with onshore structural studies indicates that the basin geometry is not controlled simply by the main Gulf of Corinth Fault. The subsidence history for the uppermost 1 km of sediment can be documented using time‐structure contour maps and isochron maps. These indicate that there is a general narrowing in the size of the basin with time, achieved by fault‐controlled subsidence switching to antithetic faults concentrated towards the basin centre. It can also be demonstrated that growth of sediments into topographic lows is not only controlled by sea bed rupture but also by more passive sea bed flexure over ‘blind’ faults at depth.The main conclusion of this study is that the 3D geometry of the Gulf of Corinth Basin changes not only spatially but also temporally. Active growth faulting and, therefore, the position of depocentres can switch across the basin and the relative importance of synthetic and antithetic faults controls the geometry of the basin, forming grabens, asymmetric grabens and half‐grabens throughout the basin history.
A two‐diffusion model of fluvial stratigraphy in closed depositional basins
Authors: Marr J. G. , Swenson J. B. , Paola C. , Voller V. R. 
Published: September 2010

Fundamental to interpreting the stratigraphic architecture within a basin is understanding the relationship between a basin’s external conditions and its stratigraphic response. Here we present a model of fluvial basin filling that is based on two field observations. Firstly, natural fluvial systems commonly have an upstream region dominated by gravel transport and a downstream region dominated by sand transport with the transition between the two being relatively abrupt. Second, gravel bed and sand bed systems operate at nearly constant but different mean Shields stresses. Our model is based on a single, linear diffusion equation but is unique in that we use distinct transport (diffusion) coefficients for the two dominant fluvial regimes: a proximal gravel region and a distal sand region. This problem is complicated by the existence of two moving boundaries: the position of the distal fluvial toe and the position of the gravel–sand transition. We present a rigorous numerical treatment of both of these moving boundaries and verify our numerical formulation by comparing the model results to a semi‐analytical solution technique.We use the model to examine the stratigraphic response to perturbations in four external boundary conditions: sediment supply, water supply, rate of subsidence and gravel fraction. The response is analysed in terms of the phase relation between forcing and the position of the gravel front, the position of the fluvial toe, proximal accumulation rate and distal accumulation rate. The model supports the results of earlier single‐diffusion models suggesting that the form of the response is dependent on the period of the perturbation relative to the intrinsic basin response time. For forcing periods less than the intrinsic basin response time, basin response is nearly constant and independent of the forcing period, suggesting that the transport system controls basin response. For forcing periods greater than the intrinsic response time of the basin the response time of the basin increases directly with the forcing period, suggesting that the transport system plays no role in limiting basin response. For gravel–sand systems we show that the intrinsic response time is a function of the ratio of gravel to sand entering the basin. Forcing of the above external boundaries, both slowly and rapidly relative to the basin response time, produces both distal and proximal unconformities. We present a nondimensional ‘unconformity number’ that constrains the amplitude and period of forcing necessary to generate proximal unconformities.