bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging pattern of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism in South India – a six-year retrospective study
Authors: Viswanathan Ganesh , Mathew Vivek , Jeeragi Mallikarjuna , George Belinda , Bantwal Ganapathi , Ayyar Vageesh , Michael John 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease with a variable presentation. There is a recent increase in the number of asymptomatic cases due to the use of multichannel automated analyzers.
Aim: To analyze the changing trend of PHPT patients from South India.
Materials and methods: We collected the data on clinical presentation, biochemistry, radiological features, and operative findings of patients with PHPT treated in our hospital over a period of six years and looked at the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT.
Results: Our study included 80 patients. A significant proportion (~41%; n=33) of the patients were asymptomatic. Fifty-seven percent of asymptomatic patients were females. Mean age at presentation of asymptomatic patients was 50.58 (±14.67) compared to 47.28 (±14.78) for the symptomatic group, which was not statistically significant (p=0.34). The mean levels of serum calcium, phosphorous, 25(OH)D, iPTH, and 24-hour urinary calcium in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients were 12.47 (±2.26) mg/dl vs. 12.27 (±1.82) mg/dl (p=0.70), 2.59 (±0.74) mg/dl vs. 2.38 (±0.77) mg/dl (p=0.27), 12 (±1.2) ng/ml vs. 10.85 (±1) ng/ml (p=0.78), 1212.5 pg/ml vs. 678.5 pg/ml (p=0.31), and 292.6 mg/day vs. 262 mg/day (p=0.64), respectively. When Ca and gland weight were compared with variations in the iPTH levels, there was a significant positive correlation with PTH &gt;600 pg/ml (p=0.001) with no between-group differences. The adenoma weight increased by 0.5291 mg for every unit increase in iPTH in the entire cohort, with no between-group differences (p=0.52).
Conclusion: Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism is increasingly being identified in clinical practice and constitutes a significant proportion of primary hyperparathyroidism. Though asymptomatic PHPT is expected to be milder, such a difference in presentation was not obvious in our study.
Evaluation of oral health status in pregnant women and its correlation with calcium and phosphate levels
Authors: Behluli Edon , Veseli Enis , Veseli Argjira 
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the oral health conditions of pregnant women. The analysis involves evaluating two key indices: the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index. Furthermore, this study investigated potential correlations between calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) levels within specific time intervals and the aforementioned oral health indices.
Materials and methods: This study included 66 women. The examination consisted of assessing the condition of the teeth by using the DMFT index. Additionally, the erosive decay of the teeth was evaluated according to the BEWE index. Salivary concentrations of Ca and P were determined using a colorimetric method. These measurements were performed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy.
Results: The study results showed that the DMFT index value in T3 was significantly higher compared to that in T1. However, there were no significant differences in BEWE index values between the two time intervals. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the levels of Ca and P between T1 and T3 (Z=4.87, p=0.000 and Z=2.95, p=0.003, respectively). Nevertheless, the analysis of the relationship between DMFT/BEWE indices and Ca and P levels found no significant correlation.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the third trimester poses a greater oral health burden. Additionally, there were notable fluctuations in the Ca and P levels during pregnancy. These findings shed light on the correlation between pregnancy phases and oral health indicators, emphasizing the significance of the salivary composition.
An osteoporosis knowledge assessment instrument – development and validation
Authors: Taneva Daniela , Kirkova-Bogdanova Angelina , Todorova Marieta , Bukova Veselina 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The consequences of osteoporotic fractures are extremely detrimental to the individual as well as to society. Adopting effective preventative measures is a top public health priority.
Aim: This paper deals with the development and validation of an osteoporosis knowledge measurement tool.
Materials and methods: The study sample included 335 healthy women aged between 25 and 51 years. The osteoporosis knowledge measurement tool is an adapted version of the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT). To determine the validity and reliability of the tool, we examined the psychometric properties. Nonparametric methods were used for the statistical analysis.
Results: Flesch reading ease index was 55.14. The Cronbach’s α value was 0.884. The corrected item-total correlations varied between 0.340 and 0.611. The items’ mean difficulty was 0.46. The mean discrimination index was 0.61. The mean score of the sample was M=12.64±5.164, a little bit higher than 50% of the success rate.
Conclusion: The tool can be used in different settings to assess educational needs and plan interventions. The results indicate a need for educational and preventive initiatives.
Development and validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for detection of sibutramine in dietary supplements
Authors: Kozhuharov Vanya R. , Chakarov Dzhevdet , Ivanova Stanislava , Ivanov Kalin 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In the period between 1997 and 2010, sibutramine-containing drugs were widely prescribed for obesity and over-weight management. Due to safety concerns, in 2010 all medicines containing sibutramine were urgently withdrawn from the USA and European pharmaceutical market. Although sibutramine is no longer available in pharmaceutical products, there have been numerous reports of mislabeled weight-loss dietary supplements containing sibutramine.
Aim: This work aimed to develop and validate an accurate and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of sibutramine.
Materials and methods: The method was developed using a CAMAG HPTLC system. Silica gel 60 F254 aluminum HPTLC plates were used as stationary phase and toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (7:2:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase.
Results: The calibration curve was built in the range of 0.250–1.250 μg/band. The method provided satisfactory linearity, specificity, precision, and accuracy. The LOD and the LOQ were 0.0765 μg/band and 0.2318 μg/band, respectively.
Conclusions: The method allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples as well as the rapid and sensitive monitoring of sibutramine levels in dietary supplements.
Game Design for a Fiverr: Precarity, Regionality, and Platform-Mediation in the Gig Economy
Authors: DeJong Scott , Iantorno Michael 
Published: April 2024

In this article, we investigate users who sell complete design services (i.e., ostensibly creating a full, original game for a client) on the gig economy platform Fiverr. By studying the platform’s affordances and analyzing user profiles, we construct two central arguments: First, we contend that gig economy platforms facilitate, shape, and moderate labor in ways that vary from more commonly discussed models of game design. Second, we push back against Fiverr’s claims of a boundaryless workforce by analyzing local conditions that concentrate labor in particular jurisdictions. After briefly reviewing the history of gig labor, we use the walkthrough method to analyze Fiverr: reviewing registration processes, protocols between buyers and sellers, and platform governance structures. We then survey fifty seller listings to determine what services are available, how much they cost, and how they are clustered geographically. Next, we address the prevalence of Pakistani users among our sample of sellers by scrutinizing global wage inequities and regional initiatives that may push workers toward the gig economy. To close, we reflect on Fiverr’s place in the game design ecosystem, investigate how gig economy labor is framed in educational institutions, and touch upon our research limitations. While gig economy platforms are often critiqued for labor exploitation or mocked for providing poor-quality services, these are both oversimplifications of complex economic, institutional, and policy assemblages. Ideally, this article will serve as a first step in better understanding game development on gig economy platforms and their power to reshape geographies of game development.
Hydrogen in Storage and Transportation
Authors: Tierling K. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Liquid hydrogen provides advantages over compressed hydrogen in storage and transportation, and this presentation will explore the advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen over compressed hydrogen gas in onshore storage and long-range marine hydrogen transportation.
One of the key storage differences between liquid hydrogen and compressed hydrogen is the key advantage that liquid hydrogen has a higher density than compressed hydrogen in storage. Relative to compressed hydrogen, more compact containment could be used. At the marine loading facility, means of recovering or reliquefying the hydrogen boil-off gas could be present, accommodating one of the significant downsides of transportation of hydrogen as liquid.
Static storage has its set of issues, but transportation can be more demanding. Long range marine transportation puts significant constraints on the size of the hydrogen containers. However, marine transportation of liquid hydrogen may not have a means of recovering the boil-off gas.
Key decision points distinguishing compressed hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen are presented. Additionally, options for on-board refrigeration and use of boil-off gas are also discussed.
The presentation provides an introduction to hydrogen storage and transportation and the impacts of using liquid hydrogen during storage and transportation vis a vis compressed hydrogen gas, as presented in a series of graphics and charts. This allows the session participant to understand the key issues with onshore storage and marine transportation of hydrogen.
Revolutionizing Production in High CO2 and High GOR Fields, Paving the Way to a Low Carbon World
Authors: Passarelli F. M. , Bidart A. M. , Spelta M. J. , Moura D. A. , Silva N. E. , Vieira A. J. , Oliveira A. M. , Roberto M. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Subsea High-Pressure Separation, in this paper named as SHPS, is an innovative subsea separation technology designed to separate gas with high-CO2 content from the reservoir-produced fluid at the seabed. This technology operates under high-pressure conditions and utilizes centrifugal pumps to directly reinject the separated gas stream back into the reservoir. By removing the excess of gas with high CO2 content, the SHPS technology enables efficient separation and contributes to emissions intensity reduction, making it a promising system for carbon capture.
The primary objective of the SHPS is to debottleneck the topside gas processing plant and extend the oil production plateau by reducing the Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) of the oil stream that reaches the FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading) facility. Additionally, the technology addresses challenges posed by high GOR, CO2 content, and productivity index (PI) in ultra-deep water offshore reservoirs, particularly in the Brazilian Pre-salt.
This paper provides an overview of the rigorous qualification program developed for the SHPS technology, in accordance with API 17N and 17Q standards. The technological roadmap includes successful completion of experimental tests, early engagement with subsea companies, and a de-risking phase focused on pump design and testes with dense gas as well as dynamic simulations. The remaining phases involve the construction, integration, installation, and operational testing of the SHPS system in the challenging Pre-salt environment, ultimately leading to its qualification as a transformative innovation.
Throughout the development of the SHPS, valuable insights have been gained, emphasizing the importance of a clear vision, engaged multidisciplinary project team, market validation, prototyping, testing, risk mitigation, scalability, and adaptability.
In conclusion, the SHPS technology offers significant potential for enhancing offshore oil and gas operations. By effectively separating and reinjecting high CO2 content gas into the reservoir, SHPS optimizes production, reduces emissions intensity, and contributes to environmental sustainability. Its integration with carbon capture capabilities adds further value, making it a valuable asset in the industry’s pursuit of cleaner and more sustainable energy production. The collaboration with key players and adherence to industry standards position SHPS as a game-changer in revolutionizing oil and gas production in challenging offshore environments. Overall, SHPS represents a promising solution for the industry, addressing key challenges and contributing to a low-carbon future.
Final Assembly Industrialization for Floating Foundations
Authors: Manca A. , Mauries B. , Kerdiles E. , Tripodi F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Saipem developed an industrialization process to carry out the offshore wind foundations final assembly stage aiming to achieve a compact and efficient work site able to deliver the high throughput needed for floating wind farms at gigawatt scale. This final assembly industrialization process, called Smart Yard (patent pending), applies a production line philosophy where the work is split among optimized workstations minimizing the duration of the operations, the space required, and the number of resources necessary with a positive impact on the project economics and timeline.
The Smart Yard production process approach it’s optimized for Saipem’s STAR1 semi-submersible design, and intended to be accommodated on a number of US ports (present and future) and it will contribute to the cost-efficiency necessary for floating wind to take off in US, while supporting the development of a American fabrication value-chain for floating wind. The Saipem’s STAR1 final assembly process has been split up in an exhaustive sequence of elementary tasks. Those tasks and the different tools and techniques available on the market to perform them have been analyzed to select the most appropriate ones and define the duration and methodologies applicable to each task.
The Smart Yard assembly process applied for STAR1 has resulted in the definition of typically 3- 4 workstations. A customized equipment shall handle parts alignment in combination with a real time laser alignment method ensuring a perfect fit. Dedicated access and fabrication towers fitted with the selected welding technologies and real time NDE shall minimize the joining time eliminating reworks. The handling philosophy rely on the use of SPMTs/skidding which results in a great flexibility and operations easiness.
The area required is minimized, and with no need for oversized cranes deployment, the facility can be installed on a temporary basis and easily relocated. Additionally, the technology content and tasks specialization allow for fast workforce training. This type of production philosophy opens the path for a serial and mass production plant development tailored on the floating foundation product category.
Successful Underbalanced Drilling Campaign with Rotary Steerable System in Western Offshore India
Authors: Pawandeep Bagga , Sarang Pethe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In an underbalanced drilling scenario, an operator in India needed to deploy a Rotary Steerable System (RSS) alongside N2 injection to maintain precise directional control. Within this Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) setup, an additional obstacle involved ensuring uninterrupted data transmission through positive pulse telemetry while drilling with Dual Phase fluid. This Dual Phase fluid leads to a reduction in mud density, potentially leading to a weakening or loss of signal strength. Additional Challenges involved delivering precise well profile and good hole cleaning.
Extensive pre-job and pre-study efforts were invested in preparing and configuring tools to withstand challenging underbalanced drilling (UBD) conditions while also ensuring the real-time delivery of high-quality formation evaluation data. The conversation encompassed tool configuration, specifically emphasizing the flow range, as well as the immediate steps required to ensure accurate directional control with RSS. The aims of integrating underbalanced drilling (UBD) technology in the designated field encompassed preventing reservoir damage to boost oil production and recoverable reserves from the wells. Simultaneously, it aimed to enhance drilling performance in the reservoir section by eradicating mud losses, leading to an increase in lateral length and improved reservoir contact.
Realtime geosteering was done by the operator with the help of Quadrant Gamma, Resistivity, Density and Porosity Data to be in sweet zone for entire section of the lateral. Drilling was done with base oil and with produced crude oil after the well started flowing because of Inflow testing. Three stage inflow tests were carried out with RSS tools in the well saving the operator one to two rig days and therefore continuing drilling with produced fluid.
The paper presents a case study for 4 wells campaign where RSS along with Logging While Drilling tools was used in underbalanced Conditions. Also, the paper compares the improvement in strategies which was carried out in-situ and as a lesson learnt for future wells.
Results of the Mini-Adaptive Sampling Test Run (MASTR) Experiment: Autonomous Vehicles, Drifters, Floats, ROCIS, and HF-Radar, to Improve Loop Current System Dynamics and Forecasts in the Deepwater Gulf of México
Authors: DiMarco S. F. , Glenn S. , Smith M. , Jaimes de la Cruz B. , Ramos R. , Pallas-Sanz E. , Tenreiro M. , Mahmud S. , Nwankwo U. , Miles T. N. , Jiménez R. Monreal , Salas de León D. , Knap A. H. , Shay L. K. , Magnell B. , Storie J. , Stuart G. , Marble J. , Tereza V. K. Contreras 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report the preliminary results of the international MASTR (Mini-Adaptive Sampling Test-Run) Experiment of the UGOS (Understanding the Gulf Ocean Systems) Program, which simultaneously deployed multiple autonomous measurement platforms (i.e., ocean buoyancy gliders, subsurface floats, surface drifters) and high-frequency coastal radar in the Deepwater south-eastern Gulf of México. The state-of-the-art ocean observing technologies provide near-real-time surface and subsurface co-located temperature, salinity and velocity observations and were assessed for improvements to the predictive capability of multiple federal and industry operational ocean circulation models. Six ocean buoyancy gliders were deployed in the western Yucatan Strait near Mahahual, México - four of the gliders were deployed in January 2024, two gliders were deployed from July thru November 2023. The summer and fall 2023 glider data was assimilated into the NOAA RTOFS numerical model and significantly improved the model performance to accurately represent the vertical hydrographic structure of the inflowing water from the Caribbean Sea to the Gulf of México via the Yucatan Strait. The high-frequency radar system deployed near Cancun, México was operational throughout the experiment. Radar observations of surface velocity during fall 2023 observed the passage of extreme weather events, including Hurricane Idalia (26 August – 2 September). Additionally, the hi-frequency radar observed the spatial and temporal position of the Yucatan Current speed core as the Loop Current System in the Gulf of México evolved from a retracted state to an extended state, to a detached state, with numerous reattachment sequences. The research underscores the complexity of the four-dimensional structure of the Loop Current system and the spatial and temporal evolution of the circulation in response to topographic, tidal, geostrophic, ageostrophic, and wind forcing. Additional observations from airborne and subsurface observational platforms reveal sub-mesoscale variability and the correlation between surface and subsurface current patterns.
Development of Induction Heating Technology for HPHT Pipeline Fabrication
Authors: O’Neill Sean , Gordon John , Robertson Neil , Sykes Ian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pipeline design for high pressure/high temperature applications (HPHT) requires the use of heavy walled pipe up to 2" thickness. This leads to enhanced pipe chemistry & complexity for girth weld fabrication, particularly when sour service requirements are specified. Subsea 7 executed recent HPHT projects consisting of heavy wall SCRs and Flowlines laid in up to 2000m/6600ft water depth; technical knowledge has been advanced in the areas of pipe weldability, hardness control & heating technology. A critical parameter for welding qualifications is to ensure accurate control of the pipe preheating & interpass temperatures. High preheats of up to 250°C (482°F) are required for hardness compliance to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (2020), while the interpass temperature cannot exceed 300°C (572°F) to ensure adequate weld strength overmatching for reeling.
Using experience gained across 2 deepwater HPHT projects, Subsea 7 developed new induction heating equipment and procedures to successfully manage the heating specification. A fixed ring induction system was employed at the front end of the production spoolbase for preheating prior to fit-up; fixed rings were selected to provide uniform heating with a target variation of &lt;15°C around the circumference. Uniform heating is critical for SCRs to ensure consistency of the weld root profile for fatigue sensitive design; the flaw acceptance criteria within this part of the weld is typically no planar indications permitted. The remainder of the production line utilised open-type induction coils set in between the welding stations for interpass temperature maintenance. Both types of equipment were constructed with 4x integrated thermocouples for monitoring & regulation of the heating cycle.
This work will present the technical solution developed including an overview of the production layout & its benefit for HPHT pipeline fabrication.
Interdependencies Between Offshore Wind Design and Permitting Processes
Authors: Stahl C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the interdependencies between offshore wind design and the federal permitting process for utility-scale offshore wind, while proposing a list of topical areas requiring frequent interaction between two or more organizational functions in support of informed decisions with the best available information. In the United States (U.S.), the primary document upon which approval to construct an offshore wind project is based is the Construction and Operations Plan (COP), submitted by the offshore wind developer. The COP forms the foundation of content in the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) prepared by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). BOEM's approval of the EIS is the key decision milestone, enabling the issuance of nearly all federal permits needed to construct and operate an offshore wind farm within Federal Waters of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). More than 30 specific expert-led assessments and studies are included in a COP, requiring a minimum of two years of effort. Typically, the developer engages a consultant to coordinate and author the development of the COP, with support from specialist subcontractors. In parallel, the developer either hires, or has an internal department concurrently working on, the design and early phase engineering of the project. A natural organizational tendency is for these teams to operate within their technical areas, communicating with each other only at specific interfaces on specific topics. This common tendency can result in engineering decisions with unanticipated effects on the COP development and permitting schedule.