bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmonic elimination, voltage control and load balancing in an isolated power generation
Authors: Kasal Gaurav Kumar , Singh Bhim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with an implementation of a voltage controller for an isolated power generating system employing an asynchronous generator. In such standalone system, an asynchronous generator is driven by a constant speed prime mover such as diesel, bio‐gas and a gasoline engine etc. and it is isolated from the grid. A three‐phase insulated gate bipolar junction transistor (IGBT) based current controlled voltage source converter (CC‐VSC) with a dc bus capacitor is used to regulate the magnitude of the generated voltage along‐with its functioning as a harmonic eliminator and a load balancer. The proposed controller for an isolated generating system is developed using dSPACE–DS1104 DSP controller and extensive tests are conducted with non‐linear and unbalanced loads to demonstrate its capability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid bacterial foraging and differential evolution algorithm for congestion management
Authors: Pandi V. Ravikumar , Biswas Arijit , Dasgupta Sambarta , Panigrahi B K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work presents the application of hybrid bacterial foraging algorithm to solve congestion management problem in restructured power systems. The open access market environment makes the power system operation as more complicated one. The more emerging problem in the recent research is congestion management problem which requires to be analyzed to supply power to the consumers in most reliable manner. In this paper, we have tried to remove the congestion in the transmission line by generation rescheduling with the cost involved in the rescheduling process should be minimized. The objective function for hybrid bacterial foraging‐differential evolution (HBFDE) optimization algorithm is considered as the minimization of the congestion cost. The results are also compared with the genetic algorithm (GA), simple bacterial foraging (SBF) algorithm and traditional method using MATPOWER. Numerical results for the standard IEEE 30 bus system having six generating units have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderating role of personal mastery on the relationship between caregiving status and multiple dimensions of fatigue
Authors: Roepke Susan K , Mausbach Brent T , von Känel Roland , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Harmell Alexandrea L , Dimsdale Joel E , Aschbacher Kirstin , Mills Paul J , Patterson Thomas L , Grant Igor 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveA substantial proportion of chronically‐stressed spousal dementia caregivers report fatigue. The objective of this study was to examine whether personal mastery moderates the relationship between caregiving status (caregiver/non‐caregiver) and multiple dimensions of fatigue.MethodsSeventy‐three elderly Alzheimer's caregivers and 41 elderly non‐caregivers completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory‐Short Form (MFSI‐SF) and questionnaires assessing mastery.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that global fatigue was significantly higher for caregivers (M = 38.0 ± 21.0) compared to non‐caregivers (M = 18.2 ± 10.4). However, personal mastery moderated the relation between caregiving status and global fatigue (t = −2.03, df = 107, p = 0.045), such that for those with low mastery, caregivers' fatigue scores were 18.1 points higher than non‐caregivers, and for those with high mastery, this difference was only 7.5 points. For specific dimensions of fatigue, mastery moderated the relations between caregiving status and both emotional (t = −2.01, df = 107, p = 0.047) and physical (t = −2.51, df = 107, p = 0.014) fatigue. Specifically, association between caregiving status and emotional fatigue was greater when mastery was low than when mastery was high. Caregiving status was significantly associated with physical fatigue when mastery was low, but not when mastery was high. Significant main effects were found between mastery and general fatigue and vigor.ConclusionGiven the proportion of fatigued caregivers and the impact fatigue has on health; these findings provide important information regarding mastery's relationship with fatigue and may inform interventions aiming to alleviate fatigue in caregivers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ADAS‐cog and clinically meaningful change in the VISTA clinical trial of galantamine for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth , Fay Sherri , Gorman Mary 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundA minimum 4‐point change at 6 months on the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐cog) is deemed clinically important, but this cut‐point has been little studied in relation to clinical meaningfulness. In an investigator‐initiated, clinical trial of galantamine, we investigated the extent to which a 4‐point change classifies goal attainment by individual patients.MethodsSecondary analysis of the video imaging synthesis of treating Alzheimer's disease (VISTA) study: a 4‐month, multi‐centre, parallel‐group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, trial of galantamine in 130 mild‐moderate Alzheimer's disease patients (4‐month open‐label follow‐up). ADAS‐cog responses at 6 months were compared with outcomes on three clinical measures: clinician's interview based impression of change‐plus caregiver input (CIBIC+), patient/carer‐goal attainment scaling (PGAS) and clinician‐GAS (CGAS).ResultsThirty‐seven of 99 patients improved by ≥ 4 points on the ADAS‐cog at 6 months, and 16/99 showed ≥ 4‐point worsening. ADAS‐cog change scores correlated notionally to modestly with changes on the CGAS (r = −0.31), the PGAS (r = −0.29) and the CIBIC+ (r = 0.31). As a group, patients with ADAS‐cog improvement were significantly more likely to improve on the clinical measures; those who worsened showed non‐significant clinical decline. Individually, about half were misclassified in relation to each clinical measure; often when the ADAS‐Cog detected ‘no change’, clinically meaningful effects could be detected. Even so, no ADAS‐Cog cut‐point optimally classified patients' clinical responses.ConclusionA 4‐point ADAS‐cog change at 6 months is clinically meaningful for groups. Substantial individual misclassification between the ADAS‐cog and clinical measures suggests no inherent meaning to a 4‐point ADAS‐cog change for a given patient. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in comorbidity of depression and alcohol dependence
Authors: Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Yoshimura Reiji , Ikenouchi‐Sugita Atsuko , Hori Hikaru , Hayashi Kenji , Ueda Nobuhisa , Nakamura Jun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlcohol dependence is often comorbid with depression. The purpose of the present study was to compare serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels between depressive patients with and without alcohol dependence. Our subjects were 16 inpatients (M/F: 13/3, age: 48 ± 8 years) at our university hospital who met the DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for both major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence and whose Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) scores were at least 15. Twenty sex‐ and age‐matched depressive patients and 20 healthy subjects were also examined. Serum BDNF levels in the depressive patients with (9.0 ± 4.3 ng/ml) and without (9.8 ± 5.2 ng/ml) alcohol dependence were significantly lower than those in the healthy subjects (21.1 ± 7.0 ng/ml); however, no significant difference was found in the serum BDNF levels of depressive patients with and without alcohol dependence. Eight of the 16 (50%) depressive patients suffering from both depression and alcohol dependence responded to 8 weeks of treatment with antidepressant drugs which significantly increased their serum BDNF levels. These results suggest that the serum BDNF level is a useful biological marker for depression in patients with alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep arrangements and night waking at 6 and 12 months in relation to infants' stress‐induced cortisol responses
Authors: Lucas‐Thompson Rachel , Goldberg Wendy A. , Germo Gary R. , Keller Meret A. , Davis Elysia P. , Sandman Curt A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe objective of this short‐term longitudinal study was to examine the concurrent and prospective associations of infants' sleep arrangements and night waking with cortisol responses to an inoculation at 6 and 12 months, controlling for several key covariates. To our knowledge, this was the first study to concurrently and prospectively link proximity in sleep arrangements and night waking to physiological stress reactivity. A sample of 92 mother–infant dyads participated in the study when the infants were 6 and 12 months of age, although sample sizes were reduced for some analyses. Both proximal cosleeping arrangements and more frequent night wakings' were associated concurrently with an increased cortisol response to inoculations at both ages. Night waking at 6 months also was associated with a slightly increased cortisol response to inoculation at 12 months. Results aimed at exploring the direction of influence suggested that cosleeping and night waking may influence infant stress physiology rather than the reverse. Adaptive and maladaptive implications of infants' nocturnal experiences and greater stress‐induced cortisol responses are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholesterol and Kir channels
Authors: Levitan Irena 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo date, most of the major types of Kir channels, Kir2s, Kir3s, Kir4s, and Kir6s, have been found to partition into cholesterol‐rich membrane domains and/or to be regulated by changes in the level of membrane cholesterol. Surprisingly, however, in spite of the structural similarities between different Kirs, effects of cholesterol on different types of Kir channels vary from cholesterol‐induced decrease in the current density (Kir2 channels) to the loss of channel activity by cholesterol depletion (Kir4 channels) and loss of channel coupling by different mediators (Kir3 and Kir6 channels). Recently, we have gained initial insights into the mechanisms responsible for cholesterol‐induced suppression Kir2 channels, but mechanisms underlying cholesterol sensitivity of other Kir channels are mostly unknown. The goal of this review is to present a summary of the current knowledge of the distinct effects of cholesterol on different types of Kir channelsin vitroandin vivo. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(8): 781–790, 2009
The HCV ARFP/F/core+1 protein: Production and functional analysis of an unconventional viral product
Authors: Vassilaki Niki , Mavromara Penelope 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped positive‐strand RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. It has a genome of about 9,600 nucleotides encoding a large polyprotein (about 3,000 amino acids) that is processed by cellular and viral proteases into at least 10 structural and nonstructural viral proteins. A novel HCV protein has also been identified by our laboratory and others. This protein—known as ARFP (alternative reading frame protein), F (for frameshift) or core+1 (to indicate the position) protein ‐ is synthesized by an open reading frame overlapping the core gene at nucleotide +1 (core+1 ORF). However, almost 10 years after its discovery, we still know little of the biological role of the ARFP/F/core+1 protein. Abolishing core+1 protein production has no affect on HCV replication in cell culture or uPA‐SCID mice, suggesting that core+1 protein is probably not important for the HCV reproductive cycle. However, the detection of specific anti‐core+1 antibodies and T‐cell responses in HCV‐infected patients, as reported by many independent laboratories, provides strong evidence that this protein is produced in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of the HCV sequences isolated from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in vitro studies have provided strong preliminary evidence to suggest that core+1 protein plays a role in advanced liver disease and liver cancer. The available in vitro data also suggest that certain core function proteins may depend on production of the core+1 protein. We describe here the discovery of the various forms of the core+1 protein and what is currently known about the mechanisms of their production and their biochemical and functional properties. We also provide a detailed summary of the results of patient‐based research. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(7): 739–752, 2009
Measuring state dependence in individual poverty histories when there is feedback to employment status and household composition
Authors: Biewen Martin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper argues that the assumption of strict exogeneity, which is usually invoked in estimating models of state dependence with unobserved heterogeneity, is violated in the poverty context as important variables determining contemporaneous poverty status, in particular employment status and household composition, are likely to be influenced by past poverty outcomes. Therefore, a model of state dependence is developed that explicitly allows for possible feedback effects from past poverty to future employment and household composition outcomes. Empirical results based on data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (GSOEP) suggest that there are indeed such feedback effects and that failure to take them into account may lead to biased estimates of the state dependence effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating class‐specific parametric models under class uncertainty: local polynomial regression clustering in an hedonic analysis of wine markets
Authors: Costanigro Marco , Mittelhammer Ron C. , McCluskey Jill J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe introduce a method for estimating multiple class regression models when class membership is uncertain. The procedure—local polynomial regression clustering—first estimates a nonparametric model via local polynomial regression, and then identifies the underlying classes by aggregating sample observations into data clusters with similar estimates of the (local) functional relationships between dependent and independent variables. Finally, parametric functions specific to each class are estimated. The technique is applied to the estimation of a multiple‐class hedonic model for wine, resulting in the identification of four distinct wine classes based on differences in implicit prices of the attributes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Witness confidence and accuracy: is a positive relationship maintained for recall under interview conditions?
Authors: Kebbell Mark R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA large positive correlation between eyewitness recall confidence and accuracy (C‐A) is found in research when item difficulty is varied to include easy questions. However, these results are based on questionnaire responses. In real interviews, the social nature of the interview may influence C‐A relationships, and it is the interviewer's perception of the accuracy of a witness that counts. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of these factors for recall of a video. Three conditions were used; the same questions were used in each. Participants in condition 1 (self‐rate questionnaire condition, n = 20) were given a questionnaire that required them to answer questions and rate confidence on a scale. Pairs of participants in condition 2 (self‐rate interview condition, n = 40) were given the role of eyewitness or interviewer. Eyewitnesses were asked questions by an interviewer and responded orally with answers and confidence judgements on a Likert scale. Participants in condition three (interviewer‐rate interview condition, n = 40) were tested in the same way as condition two but provided confidence judgements in their own words. Interviewers independently rated each confidence judgement on the Likert scale. The experiment showed high C‐A relationships, particularly for ‘absolutely sure’ responses. The main effect of the social interview condition was to increase confidence in correct answers but not in incorrect answers. However, the advantage of this effect was tempered by the fact that, although observers can differentiate between confident and less confident answers, less extreme confidence judgements were ascribed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CARS microscopy of lipid stores in yeast: the impact of nutritional state and genetic background
Authors: Brackmann Christian , Norbeck Joakim , Åkeson Madeleine , Bosch Daniel , Larsson Christer , Gustafsson Lena , Enejder Annika 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe have developed a protocol for sub‐micrometer resolved and chemically specific imaging of lipid storage in vivo employing coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy of one of the most important model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae—the yeast cell. By probing the carbon–hydrogen vibration using the nonlinear process of CARS, lipid droplets in the yeast cells clearly appear, as confirmed by comparative studies on relevant labeled organelles using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy. From the images, unique quantitative data can be deduced with high three‐dimensional resolution, such as the volume, shape, number, and intracellular location of the neutral lipid stores. We exemplify the strength and usability of the method for two cases: the impact on lipid storage of the nutritional condition (starvation and type of carbon source available) as well as of genetic modification of two fundamental metabolic regulation pathways involving carbohydrate and lipid storage (BCY1 and DGA1, LRO1, ARE1/2 deletions), respectively. While the impact of carbon source on the total cellular lipid volume was minimal, long‐term starvation induces a significant accumulation of lipid droplets. We also confirm that the lipid‐storage‐deficient mutant is indeed unable to synthesize lipid droplets, and that the inability of the bcy1‐mutant to store carbohydrates is compensated by a two‐fold increase in stored neutral lipids. We note that there is a significant cell‐to‐cell variability in neutral lipid storage in general, i.e. that there is a correspondence to the noise found for gene expression also in lipidomics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of functionalized magnetic nanoparticulate sorbents for rapid extraction of biphenolic pollutants from environmental samples
Authors: Ji Yongsheng , Liu Xiaoyan , Guan Min , Zhao Chuande , Huang Huayu , Zhang Haixia , Wang Chunming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new solid‐phase extraction coupled with magnetic carrier technology was developed for extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) from water samples. The SPE sorbents, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2/β‐CD, core/shell), were synthesized in a two‐stage system. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. SPE extraction parameters, such as volume and pH of sample, adsorption time, and desorption conditions were optimized. Under selected conditions: 250 mL of water sample, 0.1 g of sorbents and elution with methanol (3 mL with 1% acetic acid), the extraction was completed in 25 min. SPE followed by HPLC was employed to determine BPA and DES in environmental samples. The developed method provided spiked recoveries of 80–105%, relative standard deviations of less than 7%, and LOD of BPA (20.0 ng/L) and DES (23.0 ng/L), respectively. The proposed method offered easy preparation of sorbents, rapid analysis, high enrichment yields, and reliable quantitative assay.
A capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of thiolic peptides in biological samples
Authors: Pérez‐Rama Mónica , Abalde Julio , Herrero Concepción , Suárez Cristina , Torres Enrique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new method to improve the analyses of thiolic peptides (cysteine, γGlu‐Cys, glutathione, phytochelatins and desglycyl‐phytochelatins) derivatized with monobromobimane (mBrB) in complex biological samples by CZE is described. The method involves a SPE using Sep‐Pak Light C18 Cartridges after derivatization and a later CZE analysis. Elution of mBrB‐thiols was achieved with 10 mM HCl + 70% methanol v/v in deionised water. Electrophoretic parameters, such as BGE pH and concentration, different organic additives (methanol and trifluoroethanol), applied voltage and capillary length were studied in order to establish suitable analytical conditions. Optimum separation of the mBrB‐thiolic peptides was obtained with 100 mM sodium borate buffer at pH 7.60. The electrophoretic conditions were +15 kV, capillary length of 90 cm from inlet to detector (98 cm total length, 50 μm ID), samples were loaded into the capillary by hydrodynamic injection (50 mbar, 20 s) and detection was performed at 390 nm. The improved method showed good reproducibility, linearity and sensitivity. The LODs and LOQs estimated using a standard of GSH were 1.41 and 4.69 μM respectively.
A study on the kinetics of condensation reaction of cardanol and formaldehyde, part I
Authors: Sultania Minakshi , Rai J. S. P. , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNovolac resins having cardanol‐to‐formaldehyde mole ratios of 1:0.4, 1:0.5, and 1:0.6 were prepared by using aromatic sulphonic acid as the catalyst at four different temperatures ranging between 90°C and 120°C, with an interval of 10°C. Free formaldehyde and free phenol contents were determined at regular time intervals to check the completion of the reaction. The synthesized novolacs were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. The reaction between cardanol and formaldehyde was found to follow second‐order kinetics. The overall rate constant (k) increased with the increase of temperature. On the basis of the value of k, various other activation parameters such as activation energy (Ea), change in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and free energy (ΔG) of the reaction were also evaluated. It was found that the condensation reaction of cardanol and formaldehyde with aromatic sulphonic acid was nonspontaneous and irreversible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 559–572, 2009
The structure of compact disjointness preserving operators on continuous functions
Authors: Lin Ying‐Fen , Wong Ngai‐Ching 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet T be a compact disjointness preserving linear operator from C0(X) into C0(Y), where X and Y are locally compact Hausdorff spaces. We show that T can be represented as a norm convergent countable sum of disjoint rank one operators. More precisely, T = Σn δ ⊗hn for a (possibly finite) sequence {xn }n of distinct points in X and a norm null sequence {hn }n of mutually disjoint functions in C0(Y). Moreover, we develop a graph theoretic method to describe the spectrum of such an operator (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Faisceaux sans torsion et faisceaux quasi localement libres sur les courbes multiples primitives
Authors: Drézet Jean–Marc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of some coherent sheaves on non reduced curves that can be locally embedded in smooth surfaces. If Y is such a curve and n is its multiplicity, then there is a filtration C1 = C ⊂ C2 ⊂ … ⊂ Cn = Y such that C is the reduced curve associated to Y, and for every P ∈ C, if z ∈ OY,P is an equation of C then (zi) is the ideal of Ci in OY,P. A coherent sheaf on Y is called torsion free if it does not have any non zero subsheaf with finite support. We prove that torsion free sheaves are reflexive. We study then the quasi locally free sheaves, i.e., sheaves which are locally isomorphic to direct sums of the OCi.We define an invariant for these sheaves, the complete type, and prove the irreducibility of the set of sheaves of given complete type. We study the generic quasi locally free sheaves, with applications to the moduli spaces of stable sheaves on Y (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)