bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Formation of Body and Tunic Spicules in the New Zealand Solitary Ascidian Pyura pachydermatina (Urochordata, Ascidiacea)
Authors: Lambert Gretchen , Lambert Charles C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe New Zealand ascidian Pyura pachydermatina has a 7–10 cm long body at the end of a stalk up to 1 m long and 1–2 cm in diameter. Two different spicule types are present: dumbbell‐shaped spicules of calcite in the fibrous tunic that covers the body and stalk, and antler‐shaped spicules of amorphous calcium carbonate in the soft body tissues. Both types form extracellularly within a closed compartment surrounded by an epithelium of sclerocytes. In adults the tunic spicules form in 2–3 weeks in the lumen of the tunic blood vessels, as determined by calcein uptake studies. They add mineral only while surrounded by the sclerocyte epithelium, which is anchored to the vessel wall. Ultimately the sclerocytes rupture at one or more leading points on the spicule. The blood vessel epithelium also becomes very thin at these points and either ruptures or the cells separate. allowing the spicules to migrate out into the tunic. The sclerocytes degenerate and the blood vessel closes behind the migrating spicule, thus maintaining the vessel's integrity. Tunic spicules accumulate in the subcuticular region of the stalk, but the outermost layer of tunic covering the body is periodically sloughed off along with some spicules. This gives the “neck” between body and stalk a flexibility that allows it to orient to currents, and prevents an accumulation of epizoic organisms on the body. The antler spicules form within blood sinuses of the body tissues. The mineral and organic material are arranged in concentric layers. In the branchial sac, oral tentacles, gut and endostyle, where antler spicules occur most densely, the branches interlock, providing support to the soft tissues. They are of many sizes and apparently remain where they form, increasing in number and size throughout the animal's lifespan.
Ultrastructure of the Statocysts in the Apodous Sea Cucumber Leptosynapta inhaerens (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata)
Authors: Ehlers Ulrich 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe burrowing sea cucumber Leptosynapta inhaerens possesses five pairs of statocysts, one pair on either side of each radial nerve cord where it arises from the circumoral nerve ring. The nerve cords exhibit only ectoneural components at the level of the statocysts. A sinus‐like epineural canal lies superjacent to each cord. This canal is lined by a robust monociliated neuroepithelium which lacks any special support cells. Beneath the neuroepithelium, the somata of the ectoneural neurons form a perikaryal layer whereas the axons are located within the proximal parts of the cords. Glial cells have not been found. Each statocyst is a hollow sense organ. Its central cavity is lined by a monolayer of monociliated parietal cells. Axons of these parietal cells extend towards the statocyst nerve which connects each statocyst with the ectoneural pathways of the cord. A single lithocyte floats within each central statocyst cavity. This unciliated cell contains a voluminous vacuole with the statolith and several smaller vacuoles. It is concluded that statocysts do not belong to the basic organization of the Holothuroidea but have been evolved within this group. The statement, that the statocysts of apodous sea cucumbers and that of the enigmatic Xenoturbella bocki are homologous organs, is rejected.
False Vertical Rootlets of Epidermal Cilia in the Oncomiracidia of Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis and Monocotyle spiremae (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea)
Authors: Rohde K. , Watson N. A. , Chisholm L. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEpidermal cilia of the oncomiracidium of Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Monocotylidae) have long cross‐striated vertical rootlets that are not extensions of the basal bodies as are the vertical rootlets in all catenulid and rhabditophoran turbellarians examined to date. Instead, they originate in the basal part of the horizontal rootlet a short distance from the basal bodies. In Monocotyle spiremae (Monocotylidae), the vertical rootlets are less distinct, with no apparent cross‐striation, but they also originate from the basal part of the horizontal rootlets. Epidermal cilia of the oncomiracidium of Zeuxapta seriolae (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea, Axinidae) lack vertical rootlets like all other neodermatans examined, but bundles of fibres extend from the basal bodies a short distance into the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells. Monopisthocotylean Monogenea would be intermediate between rhabditophorans and the other neodermatans (in having weakly developed vertical rootles), if these structures were homologous in the two groups. However, in view of the different origin of vertical rootlets in turbellarians and monopisthocolylean oncomiracidia, it is suggested that they are not homologous, and vertical rootlets in the Monopisthocotylea are therefore named “false vertical rootlets”.
The Reflecting Eye of a Free‐Living Typhloplanid Plathelminth. An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Bedini Celina , Lanfranchi Alberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe eye of a typhloplanid flatworm was investigated by electron microscopy. It consists of a silvery unicellular optic cup similar to a cockscomb flower and of three photoreceptors. The cup is made up of a cell containing reflecting crystalline platelets, arranged in parallel rows inside four laminae. Each photoreceptor is provided with a rhabdomeric photoreceptoral process, some lateral cytoplasmic projections, and an axon. The microvillar border faces medially and makes contact with a reflecting lamina. This eye could discriminate light direction.
Glycogen Distribution in Relation to Epidermal Cell Differentiation During Embryonic Scale Morphogenesis in the Lizard Anolis lineatopus
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe differentiation of the epidermis during scale morphogenesis in the lizard Anolis lineatopus has been studied by autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques and by electron microscopy, in relation to mitotic activity and to the distribution of glycogen. The flat embryonic epidermis of the early embryo is transformed into symmetric epidermal papillae which progressively become asymmetric and eventually form scales with stratified epidermal and peridermal layers. Papilla asymmetrization and epidermal stratification derive from cell hypertrophy and multiplication in the “basal hypertrophic layer of the forming outer side of scales” (BLOS). Glycogen is scarce or absent during early stages of epidermis development. In the dermis no glycogen is found at any stage of scale morphogenesis. Glycogen particles 25–40 nm in size accumulate in hypertrophic basal cells and peridermal cells during scale development. Conversely cells in the forming inner side of scales do not accumulate glycogen, divide less frequently than in the outer side and do not form a β–keratinized layer. It is suggested that an osmotic effect related to glycogen deposition causes increased hydration of the BLOS, whose cells become swollen and contribute to the asymmetrization of the epidermal papillae. Glycogen decreases in suprabasal differentiating cells and disappears from the BLOS at the stage of complete keratinization of the scale, around the period of hatching. Terminal differentiation in the peridermis and suprabasal epidermal layers takes place by cell flattening and condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm as typical for apoptotic cells.
An Ultrastructural Study of Spermatozoa of the Majidae with Particular Reference to the Aberrant Spermatozoon of Macropodia longirostris (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)
Authors: Jamieson Barrie G. M. , Scheltinga David M. , de Forges Bertrand Richer 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA total of 17 species, in 14 genera of majids have been examined for sperm ultrastructure. The present account describes the sperm of six of these species, in two subfamilies: Pisinae—Sphenocarcinus orbiculatus and Sphenocarcinus stuckiae and Inachinae—Cyrtomaia furici, Grypacheus hyalinus, Platymaia rebierei and Macropodia longirostris. M. longirostris has the only eubrachyuran sperm in which the acrosome is known to depart radically from a subspheroidal form. The acrosome is semilunar in shape and is bordered by a very thin layer of cytoplasm and an unusually uniform, narrow band of chromatin. The apical surface of the acrosome is almost flat, though slightly concave, whereas the posterior surface forms a hemisphere, and is almost completely occupied by the thin, centrally perforate, electron dense operculum. The bulk of the acrosome consists of a homogeneous, moderately electron dense outer acrosome zone. This surrounds a small inner acrosome zone internal to which is an ellipsoidal, pale perforatorium capped by a central acrosome zone. Majid sperm are distinguished by a flattened and/or centrally depressed operculum; a further characteristic is that the pointed perforatorium is relatively short and frequently does not reach the operculum. They vary inter alia with regard to presence or absence of a posterior median process and, apparently, of centrioles and of microtubules in the nuclear arms, and in the number of these arms. Perforation of the operculum, seen in the Pisinae, is not constant in the Inachinae. Spermatozoal ultrastructure offers no certain support for a close relationship of majids with parthenopids or hymenosomatids.
The Terminal Protonephridial Complex of Haplopharynx rostratus (Platyhelminthes, Haplopharyngida)
Authors: Rohde Klaus , Watson Nikki A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe terminal protonephridial complex of Haplopharynx rostratus consists of three terminal cells. There are no weirs consisting of ribs connected by a filtration “membrane”, but some cytoplasmic outgrowths into the lumen of the terminal cells. Excretion is by exocytotic vesicles. The terminal cells also contain Golgi complexes and large membrane‐bound vacuoles containing electron‐dense material. The ciliary bundles (flames) of terminal cells 2 and 3 protrude into the lumen of the centrally located terminal cell I. The complex is surrounded by a sheath containing numerous filaments. The terminal complex of H. rostratus resembles that of the macrostomid Paromalostomum proceracauda, lending support to the view that the two taxa are closely related. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
The management of professional roles during boundary work in child welfare
Authors: Hall Christopher , Slembrouck Stef , Haigh Emma , Lee Anita 
Published: April 2010

Hall C, Slembrouck S, Haigh E, Lee A. The management of professional roles during boundary work in child welfareInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 348–357 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare.This article examines the ways in which child welfare professionals negotiate their roles and those of other professionals in home visits with clients, in this case the parents of young children. The concept of boundary work is developed within the context of the professional–client encounter. Drawing on Goffman's concept of ‘footing’, the analysis examines how professionals attend to ways of constructing family problems in terms of appropriate professional interventions – both from themselves and others. It is argued that the careful consideration of how problems merit interventions displays an adherence to the development of the supportive relations which move beyond strict professional remits. The article adds to the research evidence, which sees inter‐professional coordination as a complex matter, located in everyday practice rather than as advocating more tightly monitored procedure.
Le Parkour: Urban Street Culture and the Commoditization of Male Youth Expression
Authors: Stapleton Scott , Terrio Susan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article considers the global distribution and commoditization of an extreme sport, Le Parkour, which was popularized by working class Parisian teenagers from the marginalized suburban projects. It examines the transformation of a localized phenomenon associated with the subversive use of urban space into a globalized and dynamic cultural form practiced on the street, in films and theatrical productions and in on‐line communities. The authors study the discourses surrounding le parkour ‐‐ the origin stories, myths, movements, and philosophies of practice that attract followers. Analysis of Le Parkour offers a unique vantage point from which to understand transnational cultural flows, the construction of hybridized identities and the commoditization of youth expression.
A Novel Locus for Familial Migraine on Xp22
Authors: Wieser Thomas , Pascual Julio , Oterino Agusto , Soso Michael , Barmada Michael , Gardner Kathy L. 
Published: April 2010

(Headache 2010;50:955‐962)Introduction.— Migraine is thought to be genetically complex. There is evidence of an X‐linked dominant genetic component. A locus at Xq24‐q28 has already been described supporting this hypothesis.Methods.— The X chromosome in 61 migraine families was screened using markers spanning the entire chromosome. Alleles were assigned using the GeneScan Analysis software, analysis for affected relative allele sharing and linkage was performed using Genehunter X and ALLEGRO. For linkage analysis we chose a model based on epidemiological data as well as assumptions drawn on other complex disorders.Results.— Linkage analysis of combined families showed a parametric 2‐point logarithm of the odds (LOD) of 2.86 at theta 0.1 between markers DXS8051 and DXS1223, as well as excess allele sharing at marker DXS8051 with a non‐parametric LOD score of 2.85.Conclusion.— These results provide suggestive evidence for a susceptibility locus for migraine on Xp22. Families with different types of migraine contributed to this LOD score.
NIRS‐measured oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin changes associated with EEG spike‐and‐wave discharges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy: The GAERS
Authors: Roche‐Labarbe Nadège , Zaaimi Boubker , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Osharina Victoria , Wallois Alice , Nehlig Astrid , Grebe Reinhard , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPurpose: Absence epilepsy may be severe and is frequently accompanied by cognitive delay, yet its metabolic/hemodynamic aspects have not been established. The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are an isomorphic, predictive, and homologous model of human absence epilepsy. We studied hemodynamic changes related to generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges (GSWDs) in GAERS by using a technique with high temporal resolution: near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We hypothesized that conflicting results from other techniques might be due to the averaging of a biphasic response such as the one we described in children.Methods: NIRS is particularly suitable for monitoring changes in the concentrations of oxy‐, deoxy‐, and total hemoglobin (HbO2, HHb, and HbT), using the specific absorption properties of living tissues in the near infrared range. We obtained concomitant high quality electroencephalography (EEG)–NIRS recordings in six GAERS (total of 444 seizures), and tested whether the discharges were related to changes in cardiac or respiration rates.Results: The onset of GSWDs was preceded by a deactivation, followed by an activation that was possibly due to seizure‐suppression mechanisms. The end was marked by a deactivation. The onset of GSWDs was associated with a decrease and the end with a brief increase in respiratory rate.Discussion: Our results differ partially from those of previous studies on hemodynamic aspects of GSWDs (many of which describe a simple deactivation), probably due to differences in temporal resolution and data processing; however, they are consistent with metabolic studies, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on WAG/Rij rats, and some results in children with absence epilepsy.
In vitro protection of umbilical cord blood–derived primitive hematopoietic stem progenitor cell pool by mannose‐specific lectins via antioxidant mechanisms
Authors: Hinge Ashwini S. , Limaye Lalita S. , Surolia Avadhesha , Kale Vaijayanti P. 
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND: Earlier we reported that an oral administration of two mannose‐specific dietary lectins, banana lectin (BL) and garlic lectin (GL), led to an enhancement of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool in mice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cord blood–derived CD34+ HSPCs were incubated with BL, GL, Dolichos lectin (DL), or artocarpin lectin (AL) for various time periods in a serum‐ and growth factor–free medium and were subjected to various functional assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by using DCHFDA method. Cell fractionation was carried out using lectin‐coupled paramagnetic beads.RESULTS: CD34+ cells incubated with the lectins for 10 days gave rise to a significantly higher number of colonies compared to the controls, indicating that all four lectins possessed the capacity to protect HSPCs in vitro. Comparative analyses showed that the protective ability of BL and GL was better than AL and DL and, therefore, further experiments were carried out with them. The output of long‐term culture‐initiating cell (LTC‐IC) and extended LTC‐IC assays indicated that both BL and GL protected primitive stem cells up to 30 days. The cells incubated with BL or GL showed a substantial reduction in the ROS levels, indicating that these lectins protect the HSPCs via antioxidant mechanisms. The mononuclear cell fraction isolated by lectin‐coupled beads got enriched for primitive HSPCs, as reflected in the output of phenotypic and functional assays.CONCLUSION: The data show that both BL and GL protect the primitive HSPCs in vitro and may also serve as cost‐effective HSPC enrichment tools.
The relationship between interimplant distances and vascularization of the interimplant bone
Authors: Traini Tonino , Novaes Arthur B. , Piattelli Adriano , Papalexiou Vula , Muglia Valdir A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground: Long‐term success of the implant restorations is based upon the biology and vasculature of the bone surrounding the implants, especially for the bone between two implants.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate how loaded implants placed 2 or 3 mm apart influence bone vessel organization.Material and methods: Six mongrel dogs were used for the study. The four mandibular premolars were extracted and 3 months later, four 4.5 × 10 mm implants were placed on each side of the mandible. The implants were placed so that two adjacent implants were 2 mm (group 1) or 3 mm (group 2) distant from each other. After 12 weeks, the implants were loaded with provisional prostheses, then metallic crowns were placed 4 weeks later. Both temporary and metallic restorations were made so that the distance between the contact point and the bone crest was 5 mm. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The hemi‐mandibles were removed and prepared for analysis. The interimplant bone vasculature of the two groups was studied using scanning electron microscopic images fractal analysis. The fractal dimension (Df) was calculated using the box‐counting method.Results: The values of the Df for the blood vessels were significantly higher (P<.05) in the specimens of the group 2 (1.969±0.169) than the group 1 (1.556±0.246).Conclusion: The presence of more blood vessels in the group 2 is another indication that 3 mm is a preferable distance for contiguous implants than the 2 mm distance. To cite this article:
Traini T, Novaes AB, Piattelli A, Papalexiou V, Muglia VA. The relationship between interimplant distances and vascularization of the interimplant bone. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 822–829. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01926.x
Benefits of dental implants installed during ablative tumour surgery in oral cancer patients: a prospective 5‐year clinical trial
Authors: Korfage Anke , Schoen Pieter J. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , Vissink Arjan , Reintsema Harry 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective: This prospective study assessed treatment outcome and patient satisfaction of oral cancer patients with a mandibular overdenture on implants up to 5 years after treatment.Materials and methods: At baseline, 50 consecutive edentulous oral cancer patients, in whom prosthetic problems were expected after oncological treatment, were evaluated by standardized questionnaires and clinical assessments. All implants were installed during ablative tumour surgery in native bone in the interforaminal area. About two‐thirds of the patients (n=31) had radiotherapy post‐surgery (dose >40 Gy in the interforaminal area).Results: At the 5‐year evaluation, 26 patients had passed away and four patients had to be excluded from the analyses, because superstructures were not present, due to persistent local irritation (n=2), loss of three implants (n=1) and the impossibility of making an overdenture related to tumour and oncological surgery‐driven anatomical limitations (n=1). In the remaining 20 patients, the prosthesis was still in function (76 implants). During the 5‐year follow‐up, total 14 implants were lost, 13 in irradiated bone (survival rate 89.4%, dose >40 Gy) and one in non‐irradiated bone (survival rate 98.6%). Peri‐implant tissues had a healthy appearance and remained healthy over time. Patients were satisfied with their dentures.Conclusions: It was concluded that oral cancer patients can benefit from implants installed during ablative surgery, with a high survival rate of the implants, a high percentage of rehabilitated patients and a high denture satisfaction up to 5 years after treatment. To cite this article:
Korfage A, Schoen PJ, Raghoebar GM, Roodenburg JLN, Vissink A, Reintsema H. Benefits of dental implants installed during ablative tumour surgery in oral cancer patients: a prospective 5‐year clinical trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 971–979. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01930.x
The capacity of Australian ED to absorb the projected increase in intern numbers
Authors: Chong Anthony , Weiland Tracey J , Mackinlay Claire , Jelinek George A 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs a reaction to the medical workforce shortage in Australia, a large expansion of undergraduate medical education has occurred through the provision of funding of additional medical student places. As a consequence, the number of medical graduates is anticipated to increase by as much as 90% with a peak in numbers anticipated in 2012. With ED already under pressure, this increase has serious implications for ED, particularly the delivery of intern and student teaching. This integrated review describes potential challenges that might arise from the predicted increase in intern numbers working in ED. A structured literature search was conducted from which 44 directly relevant articles were identified. We discuss the possible impact of an increased number of medical graduates on emergency medical staff, education, supervision and feedback to interns, and given the potential impacts on the education of junior doctors; we review the purpose and implementation of the Australian Curriculum framework for Junior Doctors in relation to their learning requirements. Although there is consensus by most postgraduate bodies that the core emergency term in emergency medicine should be retained, the impact of increased intern numbers might dramatically affect the clinical experiences, supervision and educational resources in the ED. This might necessitate cultural changes in medical education and ED function.