bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
39.3: Sub‐Millisecond Liquid Crystal Mode Utilizing Electro‐Optic Kerr Effect Comprising Polymer‐Stabilized Isotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yang Young‐Cheol , Bao Rui , Li Kexuan , Yang Deng‐Ke 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report a polymer‐stabilized isotropic liquid crystal mode comprising submicro‐structured nematic liquid crystal polymer composites as an ultrafast display mode with sub‐millisecond response time. Electro‐optic Kerr effect is observed at the temperature lower than nematic‐isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystal; the liquid crystal polymer composite in the cell exhibits an optically isotropic state at field‐off state and optical birefringence at field‐on state. The optically isotropic state of the liquid crystal at room temperature is achieved by randomly oriented polymer network formed.in the isotropic phase at an elevated temperature. In‐plane switching mode is used to induce the birefringence along the direction parallel to substrates.
39.4L: Late‐News Paper: Negative A‐Plates Using Stretched Polystyrene
Authors: Jiao Meizi , Gauza Sebastian , Li Yan , Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson , Chiba Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNegative A‐plates fabricated by mechanically stretching polystyrene are studied and their physical properties evaluated. A molecular model is developed to explain the underlying physical mechanisms. Examples of wide‐view liquid crystal displays using negative A‐plates are illustrated.
40.4: Glass Substrates for OLED Lighting with High Out‐Coupling Efficiency
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Fukumoto Nao , Sinapi Fabrice , Wada Naoya , Aoki Yumiko , Maeda Kei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGlass substrates which realize high out‐coupling efficiency OLEDs were developed. A scattering layer whose matrix was made of high refractive index glass was formed on a glass substrate. The out‐coupling efficiency of an OLED using this substrate is 1.8 times higher compared with an OLED using an untreated glass substrate.
43.3: RGB LED Backlight of Color Sequential Display with Precise Current‐Balance Control Technique
Authors: Chiu Chia‐Lin , Lee Yu‐Huei , Hsieh Chun‐Yu , Ho Ming‐Tsung , Chen Ke‐Horng , Li Ling , Chen Chih‐Chung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a high efficiency and precise current balance circuit in parallel RGB Light Emitting Diodes (LED) channels for color filter‐less panel display. The new technique not only enhances the current matching in each channel but also reduces the requirement of device numbers and external resistors. The error percentage of all channel LED currents can kept within 0.1% when the channel voltage has a voltage variation (Δ VCH) around 1. 1V. Furthermore, the proposed load dependent minimum drain voltage can effectively reduce the voltage drop across the precise current balance circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the LED driver can be improved.
47.2: Visual Preference for ClearType Technology
Authors: Farrell Joyce , Xu Jiajing , Larson Kevin , Wandell Brian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClearType filtering is a sub‐pixel rendering method that improves the perceived image quality of text. The method renders text at subpixel resolution and then applies a one‐dimensional filter to reduce color artifacts. We performed behavioral and computational experiments to analyze the effect of varying the linear filter parameters. Specifically, we systematically varied the values of a symmetric, mean‐preserving, five‐tap filter; such filters are described by a two‐dimensional parameterization. We generated ClearType versions of the same letter from a large set of these filters and asked subjects to select the version that they preferred. Subjects' preferred renderings from a compact region in the two‐dimensional parameter space. Computational analyses show that the preference data are predicted by the SCIELAB metric, a spatio‐chromatic metric of human visual sensitivity.
50.3: A Video‐Capable Algorithm for Local Dimming RGB Backlight
Authors: Albrecht Marc , Karrenbauer Andreas , Xu Chihao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present an algorithm for efficient calculation of local dimming RGB LED‐Backlight to save power consumption. The algorithm was implemented in hardware to support Full‐HD resolution at a low HW‐ cost. It showed clipping‐free and video‐capable results.
56.2:Distinguished Student Paper: Effects of Localized Warpage and Stress on Chip‐On‐Glass Packaging Induced Light Leakage Phenomenon in 13‐Inch TFT‐LCD
Authors: Chang Chin‐Cheng , Leu Jihperng , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Huang Kun‐Feng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMura defect induced by chip‐on‐glass packaging in 13‐inch LCD‐TFT was investigated using contour measurement and numerical analysis. Excellent correlation between Mura defect and localized warpage/principal stress has been established. Besides, the effects of ACF bonding temperatures and Si chip arrangement on Mura defect were studied and discussed.
65.4: Active Matrix PHOLED Displays on Temporary Bonded Polyethylene Naphthalate Substrates with 180 °C a‐Si:H TFTs
Authors: Loy Doug , Lee Yong Kyun , Bell Cynthia , Richards Mark , Bawolek Ed , Ageno Scott , Moyer Curt , Marrs Michael , Venugopal Sameer M. , Kaminski Jann , Colaneri Nick , O'Rourke Shawn M. , Silvernail Jeff , Rajan Kamala , Ma Ruiqing , Hack Michael , Brown Julie J. , Forsythe Eric , Morton David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA low temperature, 180 °C, amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) process on bonded polyethylene naphthalate substrates is discussed and a 4.1‐inch QVGA active matrix (AM) phosphorescent OLED display is demonstrated. The n‐channel thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibited saturation mobilities of 0.773 cm2/V‐sec, layer to layer registration distortion less than 10ppm and low defectivity. The efficiency of the OLED display is 39 cd/A at 500 nits.
P‐124: Half V‐Shaped Switching in a Single‐Sided Polyimide FLC Cell with the N‐SmA‐SmC Phase Sequence
Authors: Chiang Chun‐Hung , Wu Jin‐Jei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA single‐Sided polyimide ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) cell with an inherent asymmetric electrooptic (EO) characteristic was studied. However, its transmittance was too low (< 26%) in practical applications. Therefore, with the help of fields in the cooling duration, the asymmetric EO property could be transformed into half V‐shaped (HV) switching type. The transmittance of bright state was increased by 6% for the cell thickness of 2.7 μm at an applied voltage of 10 volts.
Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in hyaluronic acid and single walled carbon nanotubes composite film
Authors: Wang Qi , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDirect electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on a hyaluronic acid (HA)-single walled carbon nanotubes (SCNs) composite film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied for the first time. HRP entrapped in the SCNs-HA composite film exhibited a pair of well-defined, quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). Formal potential vs. standard calomel electrode (E°′) was −0.232 V, and E°′ was linearly dependent on the solution pH indicating that the electron transfer was proton-coupled. The current is linearly dependent on the scan rate, indicating that the direct electrochemistry of HRP in that case is a surface-controlled electrode process. UV-VIS spectrum suggested HRP retained its original conformation in the SCNs-HA film. Immobilized HRP showed excellent electrocatalysis in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Chemical evaluation of Fallopia species leaves and antioxidant properties of their non-cellulosic polysaccharides
Authors: Hromádková Zdenka , Hirsch Ján , Ebringerová Anna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUtilization of biomass from forest or agricultural crops for the production of energy or chemical products provides environmental advantages. Leaves of the knotweeds Fallopia japonica, Fallopia sachalinensis, and Fallopia × bohemica are rich sources of phenolics and polysaccharides. In view of their potential utilization before the disposal of these invasive plants, their gross composition was investigated. The content of extractives was the highest in F. sachalinensis. Extractive-free leaves of all species showed similar chemical composition. The content of ash, protein, lignin, uronic acids, and α-cellulose in the leaves of F. sachalinensis, F. × bohemica, and F. japonica was 63.3 %, 64.1 %, and 63.4 %, respectively. The rest comprised hemicelluloses and neutral carbohydrate components of pectic polysaccharides. Sequential extraction of F. sachalinensis with water, EDTA, DMSO, 1 % NaOH, and 5 % NaOH yielded fractions accounting together for 27.6 % of polysaccharides. Pectic polysaccharides predominated in the first three fractions, whereas the hemicellulose components — xylan and xyloglucan, prevailed in the two alkaline fractions. The polysaccharides displayed significant radical scavenging activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay thus indicating their potential application as novel natural antioxidants.
Preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on acryloyl end-capped four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-branched-oligo(l-lactide) via Michael-type addition reaction
Authors: Yu Huai-Qing , Cong Rimin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn acryloyl end-capped four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-branched-oligo(l-lactide) (4A-PEG-PLA) macromer was firstly prepared. A novel kind of hydrogels was synthesized via the Michael-type addition reaction between (2S,3S)-1,4-bis-sulfanylbutane-2,3-diol (dithiothreitol) and this macromer. Gelation time was determined visually as the time when the precursor solution did not flow on inverting the vials. Hydrogel structure was characterized by FTIR analysis, swelling and degradation tests. It was found that colorless and transparent hydrogels were quickly generated in situ. The gelation time, swelling and degradation behaviors of this kind of hydrogels could be adjusted by changing the concentration of the macromer solution in PBS buffer (pH 7.4). This novel hydrogel is expected to be used as a biomedical material.
Using Cluster Analysis to Interpret the Variability of Gross Motor Scores of Children With Typical Development
Authors: Eldred Karin , Darrah Johanna 
Published: August 2010

Background
Longitudinal research on gross motor percentile rank scores of children with typical development has documented intra-individual variability of scoring patterns. Clinically, interpreting these fluctuations presents a challenge for therapists.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the utility of cluster analysis as a technique to organize the gross motor scoring patterns of children with typical development into clinically relevant groups.

Design
This was a descriptive, exploratory study using data from 2 longitudinal studies.

Participants
Sixty-six children with typical development participated in the study.

Methods
The children were assessed on the gross motor subscale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales at 9, 11, 13, 16, and 21 months of age and on the gross motor subscale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition, at 4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 years of age. Demographic and health data were collected. Parents were interviewed when the children were 8 years of age. Cluster analysis was conducted. Demographic and health data were compared across clusters.

Results
Four distinct and clinically relevant clusters were identified. A significant difference was found among the clusters for total number of illnesses.

Limitations
The children in these analyses were at low risk for gross motor problems. Further research with a more high-risk sample is needed to validate the clinical utility of the identified clusters.

Conclusions
Cluster analysis techniques may offer a mechanism to explore longitudinal data in physical therapy research. The techniques provided a mechanism to group data without losing the richness of information provided by the intra-individual variability of scoring patterns. Clinically, examination of distinct scoring patterns may lead to improved accuracy in screening for gross motor concerns compared with the traditional use of single-assessment cutoff points.
Walking Speed Threshold for Classifying Walking Independence in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Graham James E. , Fisher Steve R. , Bergés Ivonne-Marie , Kuo Yong-Fang , Ostir Glenn V. 
Published: August 2010

Background
Walking speed norms and several risk thresholds for poor health outcomes have been published for community-dwelling older adults. It is unclear whether these values apply to hospitalized older adults.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the in-hospital walking speed threshold that best differentiates walking-independent from walking-dependent older adults.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
This study recruited a convenience sample of 174 ambulatory adults aged 65 years and older who had been admitted to a medical-surgical unit of a university hospital. The participants' mean (SD) age was 75 (7) years. Fifty-nine percent were women, 66% were white, and more than 40% were hospitalized for cardiovascular problems. Usual-pace walking speed was assessed over 2.4 m. Walking independence was assessed through self-report. Several methods were used to determine the threshold speed that best differentiated walking-independent patients from walking-dependent patients. Approaches included a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity, and frequency distributions.

Results
The participants' mean (SD) walking speed was 0.43 (0.23) m/s, and 62% reported walking independence. Nearly 75% of the patients walked more slowly than the lowest community-based risk threshold, yet 90% were discharged home. Overall, cut-point analyses suggested that 0.30 to 0.35 m/s may be a meaningful threshold for maintaining in-hospital walking independence. For simplicity of clinical application, 0.35 m/s was chosen as the optimal cut point for the sample. This threshold yielded a balance between sensitivity and specificity (71% for both).

Limitations
The limitations of this study were the small size of the convenience sample and the single health outcome measure.

Conclusions
Walking speeds of older adults who are acutely ill are substantially slower than established community-based norms and risk thresholds. The threshold identified, which was approximately 50% lower than the lowest published community-based risk threshold, may serve as an initial risk threshold or target value for maintaining in-hospital walking independence.
Interobserver variability among measurements of the maximum and mean standardized uptake values on 18F-FDG PET/CT and measurements of tumor size on diagnostic CT in patients with pulmonary tumors
Authors: Huang Yu-Erh , Chen Chih-Feng , Huang Yu-Jie , Konda Sheela D. , Appelbaum Daniel E. , Pu Yonglin 
Published: August 2010

Background:18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging has been shown to be an accurate method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) has been shown to be useful in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Purpose: To survey the interobserver variability of SUVmax and SUVmean measurements on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and compare them with tumor size measurements on diagnostic CT scans in the same group of patients with focal pulmonary lesions. Material and Methods: Forty-three pulmonary nodules were measured on both 18F-FDG PET/CT and diagnostic chest CT examinations. Four independent readers measured the SUVmax and SUVmean of the 18F-FDG PET images, and the unidimensional nodule size of the diagnostic CT scans (UDCT) in all nodules. The region of interest (ROI) for the SUV measurements was drawn manually around each tumor on all consecutive slices that contained the nodule. The interobserver reliability and variability, represented by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (COV), respectively, were compared among the three parameters. The correlation between the SUVmax and SUVmean was also analyzed. Results: There was 100% agreement in the SUVmax measurements among the 4 readers in the 43 pulmonary tumors. The ICCs for the SUVmax, SUVmean, and UDCT by the four readers were 1.00, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively. The root-mean-square values of the COVs for the SUVmax, SUVmean, and UDCT by the four readers were 0%, 13.56%, and 11.03%, respectively. There was a high correlation observed between the SUVmax and SUVmean (Pearson's r=0.958; P <0.01). Conclusion: This study has shown that the SUVmax of lung nodules can be calculated without any interobserver variation. These findings indicate that SUVmax is a more valuable parameter than the SUVmean or UDCT for the evaluation of therapeutic effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy on serial studies.
Application of artificial neural networks for the prediction of lymph node metastases to the ipsilateral axilla – initial experience in 194 patients using magnetic resonance mammography
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Dietzel Andreas , Vag Tibor , Gröschel Tobias , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Camara Oumar , Kaiser Werner A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: In breast MRI (bMRI), prediction of lymph node metastases (N+) on the basis of dynamic and morphologic descriptors of breast cancers remains a complex task. Purpose: To predict N+ using an artificial neural network (ANN) on the basis of 17 previously published descriptors of breast lesions in bMRI. Material and Methods: Standardized protocol and study design were applied in this study (T1w-FLASH; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight Gd-DTPA; T2w-TSE; histological verification after bMRI). All lesions were evaluated by two experienced radiologists in consensus. In every lesion 17 previously published descriptors were assessed. Matched subgroups with (N+; n=97) and without N+ were created (N−; n=97), forming the dataset of this study ( n=194). An ANN was constructed (“Multilayer Perceptron”; training: “Batch”; activation function of hidden/output layer: “Hyperbolic Tangent”/”Softmax”) to predict N+ using all descriptors in combination on a randomly chosen training sample ( n=123/194) and optimized on the corresponding test sample ( n=71/194) using dedicated software. The discrimination power of this ANN was quantified by area under the curve (AUC) comparison (vs AUC=0.5). Training and testing cycles were repeated 20 times to quantify the robustness of the ANN (median-AUC; confidence intervals, CIs). Results: The ANN demonstrated highly significant discrimination power to classify N+ vs N− ( P<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy reached “moderate” AUC (median-AUC=0.74; CI 0.70–0.76). Conclusion: Application of ANNs for the prediction of lymph node metastases in breast MRI is feasible. Future studies should evaluate the clinical impact of the presented model.
Effect of packaging techniques and chlorination on the quality and shelf life of country bean (<i>Lablab niger</i>)
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Shahjahan Md , Miaruddin Md , Chowdhury Md Golam Ferdous 
Published: August 2010

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of packaging materials on the quality and shelf life of country bean (Lablab niger) using passive modification of modified atmosphere packaging system. The modified atmosphere was created by making perforation in the packets made by polypropylene. Bean pre-treated with chlorine water and then packaging in selected polypropylene resulted substantial reduction in losses caused by weight loss and rotting/shriveling. These treatment combinations also considerably retained vitamin C, β-carotene, moisture content, etc. Under this condition, the retention of quality and shelf life of bean could be extended upto 8 days at ambient condition as compared to non-treated and without packaging. Key Words: Packaging techniques; chlorination; shelf life; country bean. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5838Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 623-631, December 2009
<i>In vitro</i> micropropagation of banana
Authors: Al-Amin MD , Karim MR , Amin MR , Rahman S , Mamun ANM 
Published: August 2010

The present study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the period from September 2004 to June 2005 to investigate the effect of different concentrations of BAP and NAA on virus free plant regeneration, shoot multiplication and different concentrations of IBA and IAA on in vitro root formation of banana cv. BARI Banana-I. The culture meristem first turned brown in colour in 4-5 days which grew into a green globular hard coat mass after 30-35 days. From this ball like structure, adventitious plantlets were developed. Among the different concentrations, 7.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed highest shoot proliferation of 0.75, 2.75 and 6.25 shoots per explant at 10, 20 and 30 DAI, respectively. The longest shoot (1.03, 2.45 and 3.38 cm) at 10, 20 and 30 DAI, respectively, was produced by the treatment combination of 7.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. The maximum number of leaves (2.50, 3.25 and 7.00 leaves/explant at 10, 20 and 30 DAI) were produced on the medium supplemented with the same treatment and it also produced the longest leaves, 0.85, 2.70 and 4.23 cm at 10, 20 and 30 DAI, respectively. For root initiation half strength MS medium supplemented with different levels of IBA (0, 0.5, 1 .0 and 1.50 mg/l) and IAA (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) was used. Root numbers varied with different concentrations of IBA and IAA. The highest number of roots were produced by 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.5 mg/l IBA. The highest length (2.93, 4.63 and 5.88 cm) was recorded at 10, 20 and 30 DAI in the same treatment which was statistically significant. Meristem derived plantlets were transferred to poly bags containing 1:1 (ground soil : cowdung) mixture after 7 days hardening in room temperature (28-30°C) and established plantlet was ready for planting. Key Words: Banana; regeneration; micropropagation; plantlet. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5840Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 645-659, December 2009
La République de Weimar et le poids de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Krumeich Gerd 
Published: August 2010

La République de Weimar est née de la Grande guerre et elle en fut stigmatisée jusqu’à sa fin. Ses leaders furent sujets au soupçon d’avoir « poignardé » dans le dos l’armée non défaite et d’avoir inutilement signé un « traité de la honte », celui de Versailles, en 1919. Les foyers d’anciens soldats, appuyés par les partis de droite et la Reichswehr créèrent d´abord « l’ordre » en combattant la gauche révolutionnaire, puis ils aidèrent à déstabiliser la République jusqu’à la prise du pouvoir par ceux qui combattirent le « système de Versailles » de la façon la plus énergique : Hitler et les nazis.
Les réfugiés de guerre dans la société française (1914-1946)
Authors: Nivet Philippe 
Published: August 2010

Lors de la Grande Guerre, de la Guerre d’Espagne et au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la société française dut absorber de nombreux réfugiés, parmi lesquels les nationaux occupaient une place importante entre 1914 et 1918 et en 1939-1940. Les tensions observées entre les populations autochtones et ces réfugiés sont révélatrices des replis communautaires au moment des guerres et de l’exacerbation de la « culture de guerre » en présence de « rapatriés » ayant été en contact avec l’ennemi pendant la Grande Guerre et des Alsaciens-Mosellans en 1939-1940.