bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hazard perception at high- and low-risk road sites: a pilot study of interurban roads in Pakistan and Cameroon
Authors: Bhatti Junaid A , Razzak Junaid A , Lagarde Emmanuel , Sobngwi-Tambekou Jöelle , Alioum Ahmadou , Salmi L Rachid 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesInterurban roads account for a significant proportion of traffic deaths in developing countries. In this pilot study, hazard perceptions of interurban road sites involved in ≥3 injury road traffic crashes were compared with those not involved in road traffic crashes on the same road sections.SettingsKarachi–Hala (Pakistan) and Yaoundé–Douala (Cameroon) road sections were the main study settings.DataVideos of 26 high-risk sites and 26 low-risk sites from Karachi–Hala (Pakistan) and Yaoundé–Douala (Cameroon) roads, matched for the road section, were shown to 100 voluntary Pakistani drivers. Variations in perceived site hazardousness and preferred speed for each site pair were assessed.AnalysesFactors associated with incorrect hazard perception of high-risk sites (perceived as safe) were assessed by multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsDrivers reported a higher hazard perception and a lower preferred speed for high-risk sites than for their matched low-risk sites in less than half of pairs (n=12, p≤0.02). Factors associated with increased likelihood of identifying a high-risk site as safe were as follows: flat road profile (adjusted OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.57), intersections (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.68), irregular road surface (OR=3.56, 95% CI 2.68 to 4.71), nearby road obstacles (OR=2.57, 95% CI 1.96 to 3.39) and visible rain (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.32).ConclusionThe methods used in this study might be useful in prioritising cost-effective improvements at high-risk sites.
Can interfaith research partnerships develop new paradigms for condom use and HIV prevention? The implementation ofconceptual eventsin Malawi results in a ‘spiritualised condom’
Authors: Willms Dennis G , Arratia Maria-Ines , Makondesa Patrick 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesThe aim of this intervention research study was to engage senior leaders of faith-based organisations (FBOs) in Malawi in a participatory process to construct an interfaith theology of HIV/AIDS. This process was designed to enhance the capacity of faith leaders to respond more effectively to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.MethodsAn evidence-driven combination of ethnographic and participatory action research methodologies was utilised.Conceptual events—innovative participatory action research processes—were held over the 4-year project and brought together health service providers, policy makers and a non-governmental organisation in partnership with FBOs and grassroots faith-based communities.ResultsThrough facilitated dialogue, an interfaith theology of HIV/AIDS emerged, resulting in the proposition that a ‘spiritualised condom’ endorses a ‘theology of protecting life’. This proposition was based on the following convictions: (1) life is sacred and to be protected, (2) to kill or murder is a ‘greater sin’ than the ‘lesser sin of infidelity’, (3) protection of the innocent is a moral and religious requirement, (4) condoms have the potential to prevent the death of an innocent person and (5) condoms need to be encouraged, even in the context of marriage.ConclusionsClinicians, non-governmental organisations, health service providers and policy makers, assisted by health social scientists, can successfully partner with FBOs and their leaders to (1) modify and transform faith-based understandings of HIV risk and (2) bring about attitudinal and behaviour changes that help to address the challenges associated with HIV/AIDS.
Local Coronary Flow Is Associated With an Unsuccessful Complete Block Line at the Mitral Isthmus in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kurotobi Toshiya , Shimada Yoshihisa , Kino Naoto , Iwakura Katsuomi , Inoue Koichi , Kimura Ryusuke , Tosyoshima Yuko , Mizuno Hiroya , Okuyama Yuji , Fujii Kenshi , Nanto Shinsuke , Komuro Issei 
Published: October 2011

Background—
The addition of a mitral isthmus (MI) block line after pulmonary vein isolation could lead to a favorable outcome of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is sometimes tough to create a complete MI block line, and the cooling effect because of the local coronary flow may prevent the creation of a successful MI block line.

Methods and Results—

This study enrolled 81 AF patients in whom the creation of an MI block line was attempted in those with persistent or pacing-inducible AF after pulmonary vein isolation. A local coronary artery (LCA) across the MI block line was observed in 43 (53%) of 81 patients, and a bidirectional MI block was successfully accomplished in 53 (65%) of 81 patients, at the estimated MI line. The ratio of a successful MI block line was significantly lower in the patients with an LCA than in those without an LCA (42% versus 92%;
P
<0.001). The mean diameter of the coronary sinus (0.59±0.18 versus 0.82±0.22 cm;
P
<0.001) and length of the estimated MI line (33.4±9.9 versus 29.4±7.1 mm;
P
=0.032) were significantly shorter in the patients with a successful MI block line than in those without a successful MI block line. In the multivariable analysis, an LCA at the MI and a larger coronary sinus diameter were independent risk factors for an unsuccessful MI block line.

Conclusions—
Local coronary flow at the MI is associated with an increased incidence of an unsuccessful MI block line.
Electrogram Fractionation
Authors: Correa de Sa Daniel D. , Thompson Nathaniel , Stinnett-Donnelly Justin , Znojkiewicz Pierre , Habel Nicole , Müller Joachim G. , Bates Jason H.T. , Buzas Jeffrey S. , Spector Peter S. 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Fractionated electrograms are used by some as targets for ablation in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Fractionation has been demonstrated to result when there is repetitive or asynchronous activation of separate groups of cells within the recording region of a mapping electrode(s).

Methods and Results—
Using a computer model, we generated tissue activation patterns with increasing spatiotemporal variation and calculated virtual electrograms from electrodes with decreasing resolution. We then quantified electrogram fractionation. In addition, we recorded unipolar electrograms during atrial fibrillation in 20 patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. From these we constructed bipolar electrograms with increasing interelectrode spacing and quantified fractionation. During modeling of spatiotemporal variation, fractionation varied directly with electrode length, diameter, height, and interelectrode spacing. When resolution was held constant, fractionation increased with increasing spatiotemporal variation. In the absence of spatial variation, fractionation was independent of resolution and proportional to excitation frequency. In patients with atrial fibrillation, fractionation increased as interelectrode spacing increased.

Conclusions—
We created a model for distinguishing the roles of spatial and temporal electric variation and electrode resolution in producing electrogram fractionation. Spatial resolution affects fractionation attributable to spatiotemporal variation but not temporal variation alone. Electrogram fractionation was directly proportional to spatiotemporal variation and inversely proportional to spatial resolution. Spatial resolution limits the ability to distinguish high-frequency excitation from overcounting. In patients with atrial fibrillation, complex fractionated atrial electrogram detection varies with spatial resolution. Electrode resolution must therefore be considered when interpreting and comparing studies of fractionation.
Post-Genomic Update on a Classical Candidate Gene for Coronary Artery Disease:
ESR1
Authors: Lucas Gavin , Lluís-Ganella Carla , Subirana Isaac , Sentí Mariano , Willenborg Christina , Musameh Muntaser D. , Schwartz Stephen M. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Melander Olle , Salomaa Veikko , Elosua Roberto 
Published: October 2011

Background—

After age, sex is the most important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanism through which women are protected from CAD is still largely unknown, but the observed sex difference suggests the involvement of the reproductive steroid hormone signaling system. Genetic association studies of the gene-encoding Estrogen Receptor α (
ESR1
) have shown conflicting results, although only a limited range of variation in the gene has been investigated.

Methods and Results—

We exploited information made available by advanced new methods and resources in complex disease genetics to revisit the question of
ESR1
's role in risk of CAD. We performed a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies (CARDIoGRAM discovery analysis, N=≈87 000) to search for population-wide and sex-specific associations between CAD risk and common genetic variants throughout the coding, noncoding, and flanking regions of
ESR1
. In addition to samples from the MIGen (N=≈6000), WTCCC (N=≈7400), and Framingham (N=≈3700) studies, we extended this search to a larger number of common and uncommon variants by imputation into a panel of haplotypes constructed using data from the 1000 Genomes Project. Despite the widespread expression of ERα in vascular tissues, we found no evidence for involvement of common or low-frequency genetic variation throughout the
ESR1
gene in modifying risk of CAD, either in the general population or as a function of sex.

Conclusions—
We suggest that future research on the genetic basis of sex-related differences in CAD risk should initially prioritize other genes in the reproductive steroid hormone biosynthesis system.
Effect of protein content of the diet on scent marking and over-marking behavior in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Ferkin Michael H. , Hobbs Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDifferences in the protein content of individuals may affect their response to signals produced by opposite-sex conspecifics and how opposite-sex conspecifics respond to the individual's own signals. Many terrestrial mammals use over-marks to communicate with potential mates. In this study, we determined whether over-marking behavior is affected by the protein content of the top- and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark. We tested two hypotheses by performing two experiments on meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in which the top- or bottom-scent donors of an over-mark were fed a diet containing either 9, 13, or 22% protein; these protein concentrations are similar to those that voles may consume in free-living populations. In experiment 1, we varied the protein content of the top-scent voles but not that of the bottom-scent donor. We tested the hypothesis that top-scent donor voles fed a diet high in protein content deposit more scent marks and more over-marks than do top-scent donor voles fed diets lower in protein content. In experiment 2, the top-scent voles were fed a 22% protein diet but the protein content of the diet of the bottom-scent donor varied. We tested the hypothesis that the top-scent donor will deposit more scent marks if the bottom-scent vole was fed a diet high in protein content than if it was fed a diet lower in protein content. Protein content of the top-scent vole's diet did not affect the number of scent marks and over-marks it deposited. Likewise, the protein content of the bottom-scent vole did not affect the number of scent marks and over-marks deposited by the top-scent vole.
Male–male vocal interactions in a territorial neotropical quail: which song characteristics predict a territorial male's response?
Authors: Sandoval Luis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMales singing within their territories can change their song characteristics in order to interact with conspecifics; males may respond to territorial intrusions by vocalizing, approaching the intruder and/or displaying. I studied male–male interactions by quantifying vocal and behavioural responses of male spot-bellied bobwhites (Colinus leucopogon) toward playback of conspecific male songs. Male responses toward playback song depended on the quality of the territorial male's song relative to the playback stimulus. In this species males who sang songs with higher peak and low frequency, longer song duration, and lower song rate were less responsive to simulated territorial intrusions. Spot-bellied bobwhite males that sang in response to the playback increased the low frequencies of their songs relative to pre-playback song, a vocal behaviour related to dominance in males of other species. Males that approached the speaker sang longer songs, a characteristic associated with increased aggression or motivation to fight in other bird species. The results of this playback experiment suggest that male spot-bellied bobwhite song characteristics according to playback characteristics predict response to territorial intrusions and may, therefore, play an important role in male–male interactions.
Spawning behaviour of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): risk of sperm competition and timing of milt release for sneaker and dominant males
Authors: Rudolfsen G. , Folstad I. , Sørum V. , Figenschou L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA mismatch in timing between the release of male and female gametes in external fertilizers may lead to failed fertilization or, under sperm competition, reduced paternity. To quantify the actual synchrony of gamete release and the level of sperm competition we placed video cameras on two spawning grounds of a naturally spawning population of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Females release eggs in response to courting (quivering) in less than 1% of the cases, yet to both dominant and sneaker males. That is, females initiated spawning with dominant males in 73.3% of the recorded spawning events. Although the actual spawning seems to be largely under female control, 55.6% of spawning events occur under sperm competition. The average time delay between dominant and sneaker males milt release under sperm competition is 0.68 s. Thus, female reproductive decisions seem to be strongly influenced by male-male competition and this may have set the stage for the evolution and maintenance of the observed plasticity in ejaculate characteristics of male charr.
Lenin Reloaded: Towards a Politics of Truth
Authors: Williams Evan Calder 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis review looks back at Lenin Reloaded: Towards a Politics of Truth, the 2007 collection of essays from Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, Fredric Jameson, Sylvain Lazarus, Terry Eagleton, and others. Taking up the volume’s central questions, it moves through the problems posed explicitly and implicitly by an attempt to think the figure and politics of Lenin today. In so doing, the review takes on the Leninist conception of history and revolution, the position of dialectics as description and as method, the rôle of the partisan, the debate about voluntarism, and the status of the party as historical and contemporary form.
Althusser, el infinito adios Althusser: une lecture de Marx Althusser et la psychanalyse Machiavel et nous, suivi de ‘Des problèmes qu’il faudra bien appeler d’un autre nom et peut-être politique’, Althusser et la insituabilité de la politique et de ‘la recurrence du vide chez Louis Althusser’
Authors: Montag Warren 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA review of recent French and Latin-American work on Althusser suggests that the received interpretations of the latter’s work may profitably be re-examined. The notion that there exists an early, middle and late Althusser, each distinct from the others in important ways, is called radically into question by this body of scholarship. Various authors show the presence of an aleatory dimension, usually associated with the late Althusser, in even his most ‘structuralist’ concepts (for example, structural causality). These works help us read Althusser in a new way.
Revisiting the Domestic-Labour Debate: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Hensman Rohini 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe class-struggle under capitalism is shaped by the fact that for capital, labour-power is merely a factor of production and source of profit, whereas for workers it is an element of their own lives. Given the centrality of labour-power to the accumulation of capital, it is surprising that Marx nowhere describes or analyses its production. The domestic-labour debate of the 1970s was a useful attempt to fill this gap, but left many issues unresolved. This article attempts to carry forward this theoretical task, using examples mainly from India, and to draw practical conclusions for the working-class struggle.
Printing for Prestige? Publishing and Publications by Ming Princes Part 2
Authors: Kerlouégan Jérôme 
Published: October 2011

AbstractScattered throughout the realm in a great number of provincial courts, Ming imperial clansmen did not wield political or military power. Some among them therefore used their energies to publish books; indeed, the publishing activities of the Ming princes constitute one of many elements of what can be termed “princely culture.” Even though princely imprints formed an insignificant proportion of Ming publications, a large number of them have survived to our day. Based on the examination of approximately 240 such editions, this essay explores the relationships between the princes and the literati who assisted them. It raises questions central to princely publishing: How learned were the princes? What books did they publish? For which audiences and with what objectives? What are the main characteristics of princely publications? Did princes have well-defined publishing strategies? The last section of the essay addresses the heritage of Ming princely publications in the Qing dynasty.
This essay will be published in several installments in East Asian Publishing and Society.
Towards a Political Economy of the Early Modern Print Industry in Chosn
Authors: Shin Michael D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article examines the rise of a modern print industry in Chosn Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The common view is that the beginning of Japanese rule in 1910 suppressed a nascent print industry, but after a “dark” period, it underwent a renaissance after the March First Movement in 1919. An examination of available statistics from the period suggests that this view needs to be slightly revised. Though it is true that print capitalism fully emerged in the 1920s, the production of print began to increase significantly after the mid 1910s. The article also discusses the print industry’s role in the formation of the bourgeoisie and how this process was affected by the dynamics of modernization under colonial rule.
Recent Warming in the Western North Pacific in Relation to Rapid Changes in the Atmospheric Circulation of the Siberian High and Aleutian Low Systems*
Authors: Park Young-Hyang , Yoon Jong-Hwan , Youn Yong-Hoon , Vivier Frédéric 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOn the basis of a new East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) index and by analyzing the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and different atmospheric and oceanic factors in winter, this study investigates the causes of the recent unusual warming in the western North Pacific Ocean. Analyses presented here emphasize the dual contribution from the atmosphere and ocean to the local SST variability, with the relative importance of each contributor varying with the period and place. During the period 1970–89, the EAWM, controlled mostly by the Siberian high, is predominantly responsible for the SST variability in most of the western North Pacific, whereas in the period 1990–2005 ocean dynamics become increasingly important in most places or even dominant in the Kuroshio–Oyasio Extension (KOE) region. The delayed response of the KOE SST to basinwide wind stress curl forcing via Rossby waves is epoch dependent and is significant at lags of 1, 3, and 4 yr before 1990 but only at 1 yr afterward. This epoch dependency of the impact of Rossby waves is related to the different locations of the centers of action of wind stress curl in the midlatitude North Pacific between the two epochs. In addition, mean advection of the EAWM-driven anomalous SST from the southern East China Sea, which can be transported into the KOE region in about a year by the Kuroshio, likely affects the KOE SST lagged by 1 yr. The strongest positive SST trend observed in the western North Pacific results from the combined effects of the abrupt weakening of the EAWM due to the unprecedented decline of the Siberian high and the increasing role of the ocean. The latter is best evidenced by the 1-yr delayed response of the western North Pacific via the gyre circulation adjustment to the basinwide decadal-scale wind stress curl change associated with the northward shift of the strengthened Aleutian low.
Developing versus Nondeveloping Disturbances for Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part II: Western North Pacific
Authors: Fu Bing , Peng Melinda S. , Li Tim , Stevens Duane E. 
Published: October 2011

Global daily reanalysis fields from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are used to analyze Northern Hemisphere summertime (June–September) developing and nondeveloping disturbances for tropical cyclone (TC) formation from 2003 to 2008. This is Part II of the study focusing on the western North Pacific (WNP), following Part I for the North Atlantic (NATL) basin. Tropical cyclone genesis in the WNP shows different characteristics from that in the NATL in both large-scale environmental conditions and prestorm disturbances. A box difference index (BDI) is used to identify parameters in differentiating between the developing and nondeveloping disturbances. In order of importance, they are 1) 800-hPa maximum relative vorticity, 2) rain rate, 3) vertically averaged horizontal shear, 4) vertically averaged divergence, 5) 925–400-hPa water vapor content, 6) SST, and 7) translational speed. The study indicates that dynamic variables are more important in TC genesis in the WNP, while in Part I of the study the thermodynamic variables are identified as more important in the NATL. The characteristic differences between the WNP and the NATL are compared.
Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus
Authors: Choi Woo Jin , Kim Bom Soo , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: October 2011

Background: Several studies have addressed the issue of the feasibility of arthroscopic surgery in older patients, usually by choosing an arbitrary age limit. Hypothesis: Patient age is not associated with poor clinical outcome after arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), and other patient variables are the major determinants of clinical success/failure. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2001 and 2008, 173 ankles underwent arthroscopic marrow stimulation treatment for OLT and were stratified into 6 age groups (<20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and ≥60 years). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the effect of age on clinical outcome. Results: There were no significant differences among the 6 age groups in the preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain or the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. There was a significant increase in the duration of symptoms ( P < .001) and a significant decrease in the incidence of trauma ( P = .01) in the older group. Both the size of the osteochondral defect and the number of associated intra-articular lesions independently predicted a poor clinical outcome ( P < .001). Conclusion: In contrast to some of the previous studies on this topic, we found that increased age was not an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcome after arthroscopic treatment for OLT. We did find that older patients were less likely to have a history of trauma and had a longer duration of symptoms, had smaller osteochondral defects, and had more associated intra-articular lesions.