bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The G-Patch Domain of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Is a Part of Reverse Transcriptase
Authors: Křížová Ivana , Hadravová Romana , Štokrová Jitka , Günterová Jana , Doležal Michal , Ruml Tomáš , Rumlová Michaela , Pichová Iva 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), like some other betaretroviruses, encodes a G-patch domain (GPD). This glycine-rich domain, which has been predicted to be an RNA binding module, is invariably localized at the 3′ end of the
pro
gene upstream of the
pro-pol
ribosomal frameshift sequence of genomic RNAs of betaretroviruses. Following two ribosomal frameshift events and the translation of viral mRNA, the GPD is present in both Gag-Pro and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins. During the maturation of the Gag-Pro polyprotein, the GPD transiently remains a C-terminal part of the protease (PR), from which it is then detached by PR itself. The destiny of the Gag-Pro-Pol-encoded GPD remains to be determined. The function of the GPD in the retroviral life cycle is unknown. To elucidate the role of the GPD in the M-PMV replication cycle, alanine-scanning mutational analysis of its most highly conserved residues was performed. A series of individual mutations as well as the deletion of the entire GPD had no effect on M-PMV assembly, polyprotein processing, and RNA incorporation. However, a reduction of the reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, resulting in a drop in M-PMV infectivity, was determined for all GPD mutants. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that the GPD is a part of RT and participates in its function. These data indicate that the M-PMV GPD functions as a part of reverse transcriptase rather than protease.
αVβ3-Integrin Relocalizes nectin1 and Routes Herpes Simplex Virus to Lipid Rafts
Authors: Gianni Tatiana , Campadelli-Fiume Gabriella 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters cells by fusion at plasma membranes or endosomes. Cellular factors route the virus to different pathways. αVβ3-integrin directs HSV to a lipid raft and acidic endosome pathway. We report that infection mediated by nectin1 plus αVβ3-integrin exhibits the same characteristics as entry mediated by raft-located forms of nectin. αVβ3-integrin relocalizes nectin1 to lipid rafts, independently of virus. Thus, HSV routing to the lipid raft-dependent pathway is consequent to the integrin-induced relocalization of nectin1. Inhibition by the Na+/H+ exchanger 5-(
N
-ethyl-
N
-isopropyl)amirolide suggests that αVβ3-integrin overexpression favors HSV macropinocytic uptake in some cells but not in others.
The Cellular Protein SPT6 Is Required for Efficient Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Cygnar Daniel , Hagemeier Stacy , Kronemann Daniel , Bresnahan Wade A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The human cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL69 has been shown to be required for efficient viral replication at low multiplicities of infection. Several functions have been associated with UL69, including its ability to regulate cell cycle progression, translation, and the export of viral transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, it remains unclear which, if any, of these activities contribute to the phenotype observed with the UL69 deletion mutant. UL69 has been shown to interact with the cellular protein SPT6. The functional significance of this interaction has never been examined in the context of an infection. To address this, we generated UL69 mutant viruses that were unable to interact with SPT6 and determined what effect these mutations had on virus replication. Abolishing UL69's ability to interact with the SPT6 protein inhibited virus replication to levels indistinguishable from those observed following infection with the UL69 deletion mutant. Surprisingly, abolishing UL69's interaction with SPT6 also resulted in the impairment of UL69 shuttling activity. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of SPT6 expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown inhibits wild-type virus replication. Taken together, our results demonstrate that UL69's ability to interact with SPT6 plays a critical role in viral replication.
Intrinsic functional deficits associated with increased risk of ankle injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Witchalls Jeremy , Blanch Peter , Waddington Gordon , Adams Roger 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundA history of ankle injury is known to be associated with an increased risk of future injuries. Prevention of a first-time injury to an ankle will also prevent subsequent re-injury; yet these participants are often overlooked in reports of preventive testing. Determining the functional deficits which promote injury risk in all ankles, through studies inclusive of previously injured and never injured ankles, will enable training to be directed at improving known deficits in all sports participants.ObjectiveTo review studies investigating the measurement of intrinsic functions in healthy ankles and assess their predictive value for injury.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis of journal articles from selected electronic databases. Using all papers that included sufficient data for extraction in any paradigm, the authors pooled results for measures of strength, postural control, proprioception, muscle reaction time in response to perturbation, range of movement and ligament stability.ResultsThirteen papers were found with adequate data reporting to allow calculation of pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) or pooled RR. The following are all associated with an increased risk of ankle injury: higher postural sway (SMD=0.693, 95% CI=0.151 to 1.235, p=0.012), being in the lower postural stability group (RR=2.06, 95% CI=1.364 to 3.111, p=0.001), lower inversion proprioception (0.573, 0.244 to 0.902, <0.001), higher concentric plantar flexion strength at faster speeds (0.372, 0.092 to 0.652, 0.009) and lower eccentric eversion strength at slower speeds (0.337, 0.117 to 0.557, 0.003).ConclusionThere is a set of intrinsic functional and structural ankle deficits associated with significantly increased risk of ankle injury. These findings will enable clinicians and sports trainers to measure and train specific deficits in sports people for the prevention of ankle injury.
Physical inactivity is a risk factor for physical activity-related injuries in children
Authors: Bloemers Frank , Collard Dorine , Paw Mai Chin A , Van Mechelen Willem , Twisk Jos , Verhagen Evert 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesTo describe the risk factors associated with injuries resulting from physical education (PE), leisure time physical activity (leisure time PA) and sports in 9–12-year-old children.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPrimary schools.ParticipantsNine hundred and ninety-five children aged 9–12 years.Main outcome measuresInjuries occurring during either PE class, leisure time PA or sports, and caused the child to at least stop the current activity were recorded prospectively. Individual weekly exposure was estimated from baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Potential risk factors were gender, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, habitual level of PA, body mass index and a motor fitness. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was developed, accounting for clustering within schools.ResultsGender, age and level of PA were independent significant risk factors for injury. Different modalities of PA had different injury risk factors. Most importantly, the low levels of habitual PA significantly increased injury risk.ConclusionsThe children at highest injury risk are the target audience of the contemporary PA promotion efforts. PA promotion should also focus on injury prevention.
Safety and effectiveness of emergency carotid artery stenting for a high-grade carotid stenosis with intraluminal thrombus under proximal flow control in hyperacute and acute stroke
Authors: Iwata Tomonori , Mori Takahisa , Tajiri Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Yuichi , Nakazaki Masahito 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundA study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of emergency carotid artery stenting (eCAS) for a high-grade carotid stenosis with intraluminal thrombus (ILT) with or without proximal flow control (PFC).MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke included in the analysis were those who were admitted between 2001 and 2010 with serious neurological symptoms, without a large high-intensity area of diffusion-weighted images and who underwent eCAS for a high-grade carotid stenosis with ILT. Patients underwent eCAS without PFC until 2004 (group C) and under PFC after 2004 (group P). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, just before CAS and 7 days after CAS as well as the 3-month modified Rankin Scale were investigated.ResultsFifty-six patients underwent eCAS, eight of whom had a high-grade stenosis with ILT. Four of the eight patients were in group C and four were in group P. Probable distal embolism associated with eCAS occurred in two cases in group C and in none in group P. In groups C and P the median 7-day NIHSS scores were 15 and 5, respectively (p<0.05) and the median 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores were 4 and 2, respectively (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the NIHSS scores on admission and just before CAS.ConclusionIn stroke patients with a high-grade carotid stenosis with ILT, eCAS under PFC is safer and more effective in achieving a favorable clinical outcome than eCAS without PFC.
Intracranial thrombectomy using the Solitaire stent: a historical vignette: Figure 1
Authors: Pérez Marta Aguilar , Miloslavski Elina , Fischer Sebastian , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans 
Published: December 2011

IntroductionThe endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has been revolutionized in the past years by the introduction of new devices for mechanical thrombectomy. Several tools were already available in 2008. The majority allowed the recanalization of acutely occluded intracranial arteries with acceptable levels of safety and efficacy, and with occasional failures.Case presentationOn 3 March 2008, a 67-year-old woman was treated 3.5 h after the clinical onset of a right hemispheric stroke due to an embolic middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 occlusion. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score prior to treatment was 10. Mechanical thrombectomy with a microbrush yielded a significant amount of thrombotic material without recanalization. Given the urgency of the situation, the uncertain outcome in the case of a persistent occlusion of the right M1 segment and the fact that no other device was available, a Solitaire stent was deployed within the occluded right M1 segment. After several minutes of incubation, the expanded stent was slowly withdrawn under continuous aspiration with instantaneous removal of the entire thrombus and complete recanalization of the right MCA with reperfusion of the whole MCA supply territory. Digital subtraction angiography showed neither peripheral emboli nor vasospasm. The patient made a complete clinical recovery with an NIHSS score of 0 at the 30 day follow-up.ConclusionThe Solitaire stent was initially developed for the endovascular treatment of wide necked intracranial aneurysms but has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious for intracranial thrombectomy. This was the first successful human clinical use of a Solitaire stent for this purpose and the ignition spark for the development of a whole generation of new devices, now called stent retrievers.
Stent assisted coil embolization of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Fields Jeremy D , Brambrink Lucas , Dogan Aclan , Helseth Erek K , Liu Kenneth C , Lee David S , Nesbit Gary M , Petersen Bryan D , Barnwell Stanley L 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundDue to anatomic features, including wide necks and incorporation of important branches, endovascular coiling of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms has proved challenging. Stent assisted embolization may increase the likelihood of successful treatment.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing stent assisted coil embolization utilizing the Neuroform stent from 2004 to 2009 were identified by hospital billing records. Procedural and clinical information—including procedure related mortality and morbidity and long term outcomes—were then obtained by retrospective chart review.ResultsTreatment was successful in 22/23 (96%) patients. Median age was 61 years and 16/22 (73%) were women. Aneurysm size was: <5 mm in 5/22 (23%); 5–9 mm in 14/22 (64%); and ≥10 mm in 3/22 (14%) patients. There were four periprocedural complications (including one stroke and one intraprocedural rupture), none associated with neurological dysfunction. Angiographic follow-up was available in 18/22 (82%) and clinical follow-up in 19/22 (86%) patients, both at a median of 1 year (mean 1.2 years) after coiling. Aneurysm occlusion was complete in 12/18 (67%), a neck remnant was present in 3/18 (17%) and persistent aneurysmal filling was present in 3/18 (17%) patients, requiring retreatment in 1/18 (6%) patient. In-stent stenosis of 50%, which was asymptomatic, occurred in 1/18 (6%) patient. No subarachnoid hemorrhages and no ischemic events related to the procedure were observed during follow-up.ConclusionIn this small series, the technical success rate was 96%, there were no transient or permanent neurological complications and complete aneurysmal occlusion was achieved in two-thirds of treated aneurysms on follow-up angiography. These results suggest that in appropriately selected patients, stent assisted coil embolization of MCA aneurysms can be performed with a high degree of safety and acceptable durability.
Comprehensive Predictive Biomarker Analysis for MEK Inhibitor GSK1120212
Authors: Jing Junping , Greshock Joel , Holbrook Joanna Dawn , Gilmartin Aidan , Zhang Xiping , McNeil Elizabeth , Conway Theresa , Moy Christopher , Laquerre Sylvie , Bachman Kurt , Wooster Richard , Degenhardt Yan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor GSK1120212 is currently in phase II/III clinical development. To identify predictive biomarkers, sensitivity to GSK1120212 was profiled for 218 solid tumor cell lines and 81 hematologic malignancy cell lines. For solid tumors, RAF/RAS mutation was a strong predictor of sensitivity. Among RAF/RAS mutant lines, co-occurring PIK3CA/PTEN mutations conferred a cytostatic response instead of a cytotoxic response for colon cancer cells that have the biggest representation of the comutations. Among KRAS mutant cell lines, transcriptomics analysis showed that cell lines with an expression pattern suggestive of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were less sensitive to GSK1120212. In addition, a proportion of cell lines from certain tissue types not known to carry frequent RAF/RAS mutations also seemed to be sensitive to GSK1120212. Among these were breast cancer cell lines, with triple negative breast cancer cell lines being more sensitive than cell lines from other breast cancer subtypes. We identified a single gene DUSP6, whose expression was associated with sensitivity to GSK1120212 and lack of expression associated with resistance irrelevant of RAF/RAS status. Among hematologic cell lines, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines were particularly sensitive. Overall, this comprehensive predictive biomarker analysis identified additional efficacy biomarkers for GSK1120212 in RAF/RAS mutant solid tumors and expanded the indication for GSK1120212 to patients who could benefit from this therapy despite the RAF/RAS wild-type status of their tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(3); 720–9. ©2011 AACR.
Incoming Solar and Infrared Radiation Derived from METEOSAT: Impact on the Modeled Land Water and Energy Budget over France
Authors: Carrer D. , Lafont S. , Roujean J.-L. , Calvet J.-C. , Meurey C. , Le Moigne P. , Trigo I. F. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) project radiation fluxes, derived from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite, were used in the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM), which is a component of the Surface Externalisée (SURFEX) modeling platform. The Système d’Analyze Fournissant des Renseignements Atmosphériques à la Neige (SAFRAN) atmospheric analysis provides high-resolution atmospheric variables used to drive LSMs over France. The impact of using the incoming solar and infrared radiation fluxes [downwelling surface shortwave (DSSF) and longwave (DSLF), respectively] from either SAFRAN or LSA SAF, in ISBA, was investigated over France for 2006. In situ observations from the Flux Network (FLUXNET) were used for the verification. Daily differences between SAFRAN and LSA SAF radiation fluxes averaged over the whole year 2006 were 3.75 and 2.61 W m−2 for DSSF and DSLF, respectively, representing 2.5% and 0.8% of their average values. The LSA SAF incoming solar radiation presented a better agreement with in situ measurements at six FLUXNET stations than the SAFRAN analysis. The bias and standard deviation of differences were reduced by almost 50%. The added value of the LSA SAF products was assessed with the simulated surface temperature, soil moisture, and the water and energy fluxes. The latter quantities were improved by the use of LSA SAF satellite estimates. As many areas lack a high-resolution meteorological analysis, the LSA SAF radiative products provide new and valuable information.
Estuarine Exchange Flow Quantified with Isohaline Coordinates: Contrasting Long and Short Estuaries
Authors: Chen Shih-Nan , Geyer W. Rockwell , Ralston David K. , Lerczak James A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Isohaline coordinate analysis is used to compare the exchange flow in two contrasting estuaries, the long (with respect to tidal excursion) Hudson River and the short Merrimack River, using validated numerical models. The isohaline analysis averages fluxes in salinity space rather than in physical space, yielding the isohaline exchange flow that incorporates both subtidal and tidal fluxes and precisely satisfies the Knudsen relation. The isohaline analysis can be consistently applied to both subtidally and tidally dominated estuaries. In the Hudson, the isohaline exchange flow is similar to results from the Eulerian analysis, and the conventional estuarine theory can be used to quantify the salt transport based on scaling with the baroclinic pressure gradient. In the Merrimack, the isohaline exchange flow is much larger than the Eulerian quantity, indicating the dominance of tidal salt flux. The exchange flow does not scale with the baroclinic pressure gradient but rather with tidal volume flux. This tidal exchange is driven by tidal pumping due to the jet–sink flow at the mouth constriction, leading to a linear dependence of exchange flow on tidal volume flux. Finally, a tidal conversion parameter Qin/Qprism, measuring the fraction of tidal inflow Qprism that is converted into net exchange Qin, is proposed to characterize the exchange processes among different systems. It is found that the length scale ratio between tidal excursion and salinity intrusion provides a characteristic to distinguish estuarine regimes.
Simultaneous Velocity Ambiguity Resolution and Noise Suppression for Multifrequency Coherent Doppler Sonar
Authors: Dillon Jeremy , Zedel Len , Hay Alex E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Coherent Doppler sonar is a useful tool for noninvasive measurement of ocean currents, sediment transport, and turbulence in coastal environments. Various methods have been proposed to separately address two of its inherent limitations: velocity ambiguity and measurement noise. However, in energetic turbulent flows, both factors may be present simultaneously. The presence of measurement noise complicates velocity ambiguity resolution, and conversely velocity ambiguity presents a challenge for existing noise suppression methods. A velocity estimator based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation has been developed to resolve velocity ambiguity and suppress measurement noise simultaneously rather than separately. The estimator optimally combines measurements from multiple acoustic carrier frequencies and multiple transducers. Data fusion is achieved using a probabilistic approach, whereby measurements are combined numerically to derive a velocity likelihood function. The MAP velocity estimator is evaluated using a high-fidelity coherent Doppler sonar simulation of oscillating flow and data from a towing tank grid turbulence experiment where both velocity ambiguity and backscatter decorrelation were present. Time series and spectra from MAP velocity estimation are compared to those obtained with conventional Doppler signal processing. In addition to robustly resolving velocity ambiguity, the MAP velocity estimator is shown to reduce high-frequency noise in turbulence spectra.
Autocuidado: elementos para sus bases conceptuales
Authors: Arenas-Monreal Luz , Jasso-Arenas Jazmín , Campos-Navarro y Roberto 
Published: December 2011

Resumen Desde la antropología y las ciencias sociales el autocuidado se refiere a las distintas actividades de la vida cotidiana que son realizadas por las personas, familias y los grupos sociales para el cuidado de la salud, la prevención de enfermedades y limitación de daños. El objetivo de este manuscrito es aportar elementos teóricos para la comprensión del autocuidado en el marco de la promoción de la salud. Tomando como base el planteamiento de A. Giddens quien señala que las conductas se dividen en intencionales y deliberadas, se propone que el autocuidado se construye a partir de distintos elementos que contribuyen a que se estructuren hábitos a partir de dos ejes: i) acciones intencionales que efectúan las personas sin reflexión previa ni cuestionamientos y ii) acciones deliberadas en las que la reflexión y la experiencia de vivencias significativas provocan la incorporación de pautas de autocuidado que no se tenían previamente. Se señala que en las acciones de autocuidado tanto intencionales como deliberadas, ejercen una influencia fundamental los determinantes sociales y específicamente la clase social, la ocupación, el género, el grupo étnico, así como la familia, la edad, y las experiencias de enfermedad y muerte de personas cercanas. Se concluye que es necesario avanzar en la construcción teórica del autocuidado para ubicar este concepto dentro de una perspectiva social más amplia y no reducirlo al ámbito funcionalista y de responsabilidad individual.