bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMT Val158Met polymorphism is related with interpersonal problem solving in schizophrenia
Authors: Üçok A. , Öztürk M. , Duman Z. , Saruhan-Direskeneli G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between COMT Val158Met polymorphism, and interpersonal problem solving capacity and cognitive functions in schizophrenia.MethodsCOMT Val158Met polymorphism was studied with ARMS-PCR method in 99 outpatients with schizophrenia. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to assess symptom severity. The Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (AIPSS) was used to evaluate problem solving capacity. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), were used to measure cognition.ResultsPatients with Met/Met genotype had higher AIPSS subscores for detecting the problem, than those with Val/Val at baseline (p = 0.02). Met allele was also found to be related with higher AIPSS-receiving skills (p = 0.04). Val allele was found to be related with more commission errors in CPT (p = 0.03). There was no relation between Val158Met polymorphism and WCST and clinical measurements.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Val allele might be related to poor performance on detecting the interpersonal problems, and attention in schizophrenia.
Stem cells and cancer of the stomach and intestine
Authors: Vries Robert G.J. , Huch Meritxell , Clevers Hans 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCancer in the 21st century has become the number one cause of death in developed countries. Although much progress has been made in improving patient survival, tumour relapse is one of the important causes of cancer treatment failure. An early observation in the study of cancer was the heterogeneity of tumours. Traditionally, this was explained by a combination of genomic instability of tumours and micro environmental factors leading to diverse phenotypical characteristics. It was assumed that cells in a tumour have an equal capacity to propagate the cancer. This model is currently known as the stochastic model. Recently, the Cancer stem cell model has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity of a tumour and its progression. According to this model, the heterogeneity of tumours is the result of aberrant differentiation of tumour cells into the cells of the tissue the tumour originated from. Tumours were suggested to contain stem cell‐like cells, the cancer stem cells or tumour‐initiating cells, which are uniquely capable of propagating a tumour much like normal stem cells fuel proliferation and differentiation in normal tissue.In this review we discuss the normal stem cell biology of the stomach and intestine followed by both the stochastic and cancer stem cell models in light of recent findings in the gastric and intestinal systems. The molecular pathways underlying normal and tumourigenic growth have been well studied, and recently the stem cells of the stomach and intestine have been identified. Furthermore, intestinal stem cells were identified as the cells‐of‐origin of colon cancer upon loss of the tumour suppressor APC. Lastly, several studies have proposed the positive identification of a cancer stem cell of human colon cancer.At the end we compare the cancer stem cell model and the stochastic model. We conclude that clonal evolution of tumour cells resulting from genetic mutations underlies tumour initiation and progression in both cancer models. This implies that at any point during tumour development any tumour cell can revert to a cancer stem cell after having gained a clonal advantage over the original cancer stem cell. Therefore, these models represent two sides of the same coin.
Implantation of gelatin sponge combined with injection of autologous fat for sulcus vocalis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Sprecher Alicia J. , Wei Chunsheng , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of gelatin sponge implantation combined with the injection of autologous fat for the treatment of sulcus vocalis.STUDY DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGThe research was conducted at the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwelve cases of sulcus vocalis were treated. The fibrotic tissue was dissected and a gelatin sponge was implanted into the affected vocal fold followed by injection of autologous fat. Videostroboscopy, maximum phonation time (MPT), and acoustic data were completed before and after surgery.RESULTSOne month after surgery, the affected vocal fold displayed mild swelling, without evidence of a sulcus and with satisfactory glottal closure. Three months later, vocal vibration and mucosal wave were improved with the vocal fold displaying a more normal shape. Although voices did not achieve complete normalcy, the patients exhibited a better voice, with improved fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, normalized noise energy, and a significantly longer maximum phonation time (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONImplantation of gelatin sponge combined with injection of autologous fat can be used to treat sulcus vocalis. The absorbable gelatin sponge can be used to fill the superficial lamina propria temporarily to prevent the readhesion of the detached mucosa at the bottom of the sulcus to the underlying tissue, while the injected fat adequately diminishes the insufficient glottal closure.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Permian ultramafic-mafic complexes of the Jinping–Song Da rift (southeastern Asia)
Authors: Balykin P.A. , Polyakov G.V. , Izokh A.E. , Hoa Tran Trong , Phuong Ngo Thi , Hung Tran Quoc , Petrova T.E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Jinping–Song Da rift structure in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province is composed of Permian high- and low-Ti volcanic and volcanoplutonic ultramafic-mafic associations of different compositions and genesis. High-Ti picrites, picrobasalts, basalts, and dolerites are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and show low Al2O3/TiO2 ratios (~4), commensurate εNd(T) values (+0.5 to +1.1), and low (Th/Nb)PM ratios similar to those of OIB-enriched mantle source. The established geochemical characteristics evidence that the parental melts of these rocks were generated from garnet lherzolite at the depths of garnet stability (~200 to 400 km). Later, high-Mg low-Ti volcanics (komatiites, komatiitic basalts, and basalts) and associating small peridotite-gabbro massifs and komatiite-basalt dikes were produced as a result of ~20% partial melting of depleted water-poor (≤0.03 wt.% H2O) peridotite substratum from the hottest upper part of mantle plume at relatively shallow depths (100–120 km). The LREE-depleted komatiites and komatiitic basalts are characterized by low (Ce/Yb)CH values, 187Re/188Os = 0.05–1.2, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.704–0.706, positive εNd(T) values (+3 to +8), γOs = –0.5 to +0.9, and strong negative anomalies of Ba, K, and Sr on the spidergrams. The scarcer LREE-enriched komatiites, komatiitic basalts, and basalts vary greatly in chemical composition and values of εNd(t) (+6.4 to –10.2), 87Sr/86Sr (0.706–0.712), and γOs (+14.8 to +56), which is due to the different degrees of crustal contamination of parental magmas. The Rb-Sr isotopic age of basaltic komatiite is 257 ± 24 Ma. The Re-Os age determined by analysis of 12 komatiite samples is 270 ± 21 Ma. These data agree with the age of flood basalts of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. The komatiite-basalt complex of the Song Da rift is still the only Phanerozoic PGE-Cu-Ni-complex of this composition. The geochemistry of accompanying Cu-Ni-PGE-ores confirms their relationship with komatiite-basaltic magmatism.
Structural position of large gold ore districts in the Central Aldan (Yakutia) and Argun (Transbaikalia) superterranes
Authors: Khomich V.G. , Boriskina N.G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Gold ore districts in the Siberian (North Asian) craton and bordering terranes have been studied. Studies showed the long duration of gold concentration processes (Early Cambrian to Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic) and the influence of structural geological, magmatic, and metallogenic factors on the formation of ore districts. The largest Late Mesozoic (J–K) accumulations of gold deposits in southeastern Russia were discovered in the Aldan–Stanovoi Shield and at the northern margin of the Argun superterrane in the Aldan (Yakutia), Balei (Transbaikalia), and Gonzha (Upper Amur area) ore–placer districts.
The geological and geophysical positions of these three districts have been compared. All of them are situated in zones of influence of variously trending long-lived deep faults, bordered by large Precambrian uplifts, and spatially (paragenetically) related to local magma chamber domes of Late Mesozoic (J–K) intrusive, subvolcanic, and extrusive–effusive bodies, dikes, and terrigenous pyroclastic blankets. The areas of Jurassic–Cretaceous volcanoplutonic rocks are related to the influence of the East Asian sublithospheric “superplume.”
All this confirms the important ore-controlling role of large long-lived deep faults (in the form of global and regional gravity gradient zones) in the distribution of highly productive precious-metal ore–magmatic systems. This suggests that the junctions between gravity gradient zones of different trends and ranks are important to the identification of gold prospects in metallogenic prediction studies and small-scale prospecting. The Archean–Proterozoic age and the great occurrence depth of the tectonic zones suggest that extensive long-lived mobile zones (before the post-Cambrian breakup of the Siberian craton) significantly affected further evolution of the orogenic belts bordering the craton and their metallogeny, including the distribution of precious-metal deposits.
Inversion of IP-affected TEM responses of a two-layer earth
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A numerical experiment has been applied to explore the potentialities and the limitations of the inversion of IP-affected TEM responses of a two-layer earth with a polarizable layer above (Model 1) or below (Model 2) a nonpolarizable layer. The IP effects have been incorporated into the models via a Cole–Cole complex frequency-dependent conductivity. One of us computed synthetic in-loop and coincident-loop transient responses with added Gaussian noise, and the other performed single and joint inversion of the two sets of pseudo-experimental data. Model 1 turns out to be advantageous over Model 2 in TEM applications and gives a good fit of the Cole–Cole parameters (chargeability, IP time constant, and exponent) even in the absence of a priori information. In the case of Model 2, the lack of a priori information causes problems as to recognize which layer is polarizable, and the fit of the Cole–Cole parameters is generally worse. The layer thicknesses and resistivities are rather accurate in both groups of models, irrespective of whether a priori information is available. As the upper layer increases in thickness (H1), the fit of its parameters ever improves in both models while the parameters of the lower layer, on the contrary, contain a greater error. Joint inversion of in-loop and coincident-loop transients improves the fit in most cases.
Relative rms error (σrel) does not depend on the upper layer thickness for Model 1 but decreases as H1 increases in the case of Model 2. The error in joint inversion is times that in single inversion, which means that additional criteria other than σrel may be useful to estimate the inversion quality.
Hume on Causal Contiguity and Causal Succession
Authors: Beauchamp Tom L. 
Published: June 2010

Hume notoriously maintains that contiguity, succession, and constant conjunction are individually necessary and jointly sufficient conditions of causation. While his arguments for the necessity of constant conjunction have been thoroughly dissected, his arguments for contiguity and succession have generally been either ignored or misstated. I hope both to correct this unfortunate state of affairs and to show some fatal defects in Hume's account.The pertinent passages in Hume's writings acknowledge three conceivable ways in which the temporal relation between causes and effects might be construed: (i) as separated by some interval; (ii) as perfectly contiguous, so that the effect succeeds the cause in the very next moment; (iii) as perfectly contemporaneous, existing at the same moment. Hume defends the correctness of (ii) and denies the tenability of both (i) and (iii).
A Problem about Identity
Authors: MacIntosh J. J. 
Published: June 2010

1. The problem: Here are three plausible but incompatible propositions:(1) The answer to Locke's question (23):Could we suppose two distinct incommunicable consciousnesses acting the same body, the one constantly by day, the other by night … I ask … whether the day and the night man would not be two as distinct persons as Socrates and Plato ?is yes.(2) I am a human being. More generally, human persons are human beings.(3) Identity is not relative.
Le monde du vécu chez Husserl
Authors: Quintin Paul-André 
Published: June 2010

Cet article s'intitule « Le monde du vécu chez Edmund Husserl » mais ce qui a été traduit peut-être maladroitement par « monde du vécu » dans ce titre, c'est l'expression allemande Lebenswelt qui pourrait tout aussi bien être traduite en français par les termes « monde vécu », « monde de la vie » ou « monde concret ».Cette notion est au cœur des problématiques du dernier Husserl, c'est-à-dire de l'auteur de « La crise des sciences européennes et la phénoménologie transcendantale » et des écrits connexes à cette œuvre magistrale qui date de 1935–1936, entre autres « L'origine de la géométrie » et « Expérience et jugement ».
Hegel: Time and Eternity
Authors: Hedwig Klaus 
Published: June 2010

Critics of Hegel today find themselves in a curious situation. They are obliged to reject dialectical idealism not because it fails to solve the problems of philosophy but because it seems to solve them too well.For the ancients, and in the various tendencies which culminate in Neoplatonism, philosophy was always a kind of Éω;σιι for Hegel, however, standing at the end of these traditions, it is both less and considerably more.
Historicism and the a priori of History
Authors: Rubinoff Lionel 
Published: June 2010

One of the central problems in philosophy since Kant has been that of the possibility of a science of human culture. Dilthey, Croce and Collingwood devoted their energies to this task, in an atmosphere marked by an intense hostility between positivists, who represented the tradition of naturalism and historicists, who represented the tradition of humanism. The positivists, led by Comte, Buckle, Mill and Taine, argued for a science of man modelled on the prevailing methods of the natural sciences. Typical of this approach was the attempt by the English historian T. H. Buckle:to accomplish for the history of man something equivalent, or at all events analogous, to what has been effected by other inquiries for the different branches of the natural sciences.
Time in the Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Bertoldi Eugene F. 
Published: June 2010

The chapter on time is one of the central investigations in Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception. Throughout preceding chapters of that work one meets the claim that theoretical difficulties raised by the type of description of the perceiving subject that Merleau-Ponty offers are to be resolved in the investigation of time. For example, in describing perception, it begins to seem that the perceiving subject is neither a pure for-itself, nor an in-itself, but rather belongs to some category intermediate between these two. How is such an ambiguity to be understood ? Merleau-Ponty tells us that:On the level of being one will never understand that the subject must be at once naturans and naturatus, infinite and finite. But if we rediscover time beneath the subject, and if we relate to the paradox of time those of the body, the world, the thing and the other, we shall understand that there is nothing to understand beyond this.
Consequences of Utilitarianism
Authors: Sumner L. W. 
Published: June 2010

This is a book built round an argument. Several variants of the argument are offered, and I shall consider but one of them. It is directed against the following act utilitarian principle:AU: An act is right if and only if it would have best consequences (i.e. consequences at least as good as those of any alternative act open to the agent)The argument may be freely rendered as follows. Suppose that we have an agent, Smith, in a society, S, such that the following conditions are satisfied:C1: Smith accepts AU and attempts always to act in accordance with itC2: Smith is rational: he understands the implications of accepting AU and applies AU correctlyC3: No other person in S accepts AUC4: All others in S know that C1 and C2 obtainC5: All others in S are rational: they understand the implications of Smith's accepting AUC: All others in S are tolerant of Smith's accepting AU: they do not criticize him for acting in accordance with itC7: Smith knows that C3 – C6 obtainC1 – C7 collectively define the position of an act utilitarian in a non-act utilitarian society, with certain assumptions as to rationality and tolerance. Then the thesis is that under C1 – C7 Smith will sometimes fail to do the act with best consequences. His very acceptance and correct application of AU (under the other conditions) conspire to prevent the production of certain good consequences which would otherwise be possible.
Faits, phrases et propositions
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2010

L'Existence de choses telles que des propositions, conc,ues comme distinctes des phrases qui les expriment et dont elles constituent comme le sens — cela que l'on comprend en entendant une phrase — a été mise en question, par Quine, en particulier, et aussi défendue. Ce débat fera l'objet de ce texte.La proposition, comme on l’entendra ici, se définit essentiellement comme une synthèse de concepts. Cette définition en a été donnée par G.E. Moore, un peu avant que Russell ne la reprenne dans trois grands articles publiés dans Mind en 1904, sous le titre de « Meinong’s Theory of Complexes and Assumptions ».
The New Immortality: “Readings” in Aesthetics
Authors: Payzant Geoffrey 
Published: June 2010

It is no easy matter for a teacher of aesthetics to make a choice among the many textbooks now available in that subject. I have been looking at fourteen books of “readings” in aesthetics, all of them in English, and all but one of them published during the past twenty years. Three were published within the past six months: how many more will arrive before we have to settle down to work on another choice?There are two main reasons for this proliferation of anthologies or books of “readings”. One reason is that it is almost fatally easy for a busy academic to prepare an anthology rather than to write a book. Deans and presidents are as much impressed by the book a man edits as they are by the book he writes, although they are achievements of two very different levels. The other is that aesthetics is currently big in the booming textbook industry, and every commercial publisher wants a title on the subject in his catalogue.
Immediate Awareness
Authors: Imlay Robert A. 
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show that we should dispense with the concept of immediate awareness, when it takes for its object the existence and nature of our sensations and images.The question of whether we are immediately aware of the existence and nature of our sensations and images cannot be answered in a reasonable manner unless we have a firm grip on the concept of immediate awareness. Philosophers who have employed it have usually employed it in such a way that the word “immediate” in the corresponding phrase “immediate awareness” describes both the nature of the awareness and how it came to have that nature. When it describes the nature of the awareness “immediate” means “incorrigible”.
Periclimenes cannaphilus, new species, the second palaemonid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) associated with sibogrinid tube worm inhabiting hydrothermal vents
Authors: Komai Tomoyuki , Nemoto Suguru , Tsuchida Shinji 
Published: June 2010

A new species of the palaemonid shrimp genusPericlimenes, P. cannaphilus, is described from upper bathyal hydrothermal vents of the Bonin-Mariana Arc in the north-western Pacific at depths of 392–456 m. A symbiotic relationship between the new shrimp species and a siboglinid tube wormLamellibrachia satsumais suggested by their simultaenuous collection and further observationsin situ. Similarities in the morphology and symbiotic association suggest that the new species is closely related toP. thermohydrophilus, also associated withL. satsumain shallow hydrothermal vent fields in Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan, but differences in the rostral shape, the position of the epigastric tooth on the carapace, and the development of the hepatic tooth on the carapace morphologically differentiate the two species. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene supports the recognition of two clades corresponding to these two taxa.
Emotional reactivity in chronic schizophrenia: structural and functional brain correlates and the influence of adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Benedetti F. , Radaelli D. , Poletti S. , Falini A. , Cavallaro R. , Dallaspezia S. , Riccaboni R. , Scotti G. , Smeraldi E. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundDespite behavioural signs of flattened affect, patients affected by schizophrenia show enhanced sensitivity to negative stimuli. The current literature concerning neural circuitry for emotions supports dysregulations of cortico-limbic networks, but gives contrasting results. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) could persistently influence emotional regulation and neural correlates of response to emotional stimuli in healthy humans. This study evaluated the effect of ACEs and chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia on neural responses to emotional stimuli (negative facial expression).MethodBrain blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging neural responses to a face-matching paradigm, and regional grey matter (GM) volumes were studied at 3.0 T in the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The severity of ACEs was assessed. Participants included 20 consecutively admitted in-patients affected by chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, and 20 unrelated healthy volunteers from the general population.ResultsPatients reported higher ACEs than controls. Worse ACEs proportionally led to decreasing responses in the amygdala and hippocampus, and to increasing responses in the PFC and ACC in all participants. Patients showed higher activations in the amygdala and hippocampus, and lower activations in the PFC and ACC. Higher ACEs were associated with higher GM volumes in the PFC and ACC, and schizophrenia was associated with GM reduction in all studied regions.ConclusionsStructural and functional brain correlates of emotional reactivity are influenced by both current chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia and the severity of past ACEs.
¿Hubo convergencia económica entre los países europeos antes de la I Guerra Mundial?
Authors: Tirado Fabregat Daniel A. , Novell Jordi Pons 
Published: June 2010

RESUMENEn este trabajo se ofrece un resumen de la literatura teórica y empírica sobre la convergencia económica y se presenta una primera caracterización del comportamiento del PIB per cápita relativo en Europa en el período previo a la I Guerra Mundial. Del estudio con datos de corte transversal se deduce el incumplimiento de la hipótesis de β-convergencia y se verifica la existencia de β-convergencia a estados estacionarios que son distintos para cada uno de los países. El análisis con datos de serie temporal refuerza el cuadro. Durante el período 1870–1913, sólo los países con niveles de renta per capita de partida medios lograron acercarse a los niveles de PIB per capita de los inicialmente más ricos.