bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a geriatric in‐reach service improves acute surgical unit outcomes; a retrospective before‐and‐after study
Authors: Pugliese Matthew , Connell Louis , Turco Jennifer , Trivedi Anand , Foster Amanda , Kumarasinghe Anuttara Panchali W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAustralia's ageing population is challenging for surgical units and there is a paucity of evidence for geriatric co‐management in acute general surgery. We aimed to assess if initiating a Geriatric Medicine in‐reach service improved outcomes for older adults in our Acute Surgical Unit (ASU).MethodsThe Older Adult Surgical Inpatient Service (OASIS) was integrated into ASU in 2021. We retrospectively reviewed all patients over age 65 admitted to ASU over a 12‐month period before and after service integration with a length of stay (LOS) greater than 24 h. There was no subsequent truncation or selection. Primary outcomes were 30‐day mortality, LOS, and 28‐day readmissions. Secondary outcomes were discharge disposition, in‐hospital mortality, and hospital‐acquired complications (HACs).Results1339 consecutive patients were included in each group, with no differences in baseline characteristics. There was a significant decrease in 28‐day readmissions from 20.2% to 16.0% (P < 0.05), greatest in patients undergoing non‐EL operative procedures (21.9% pre‐OASIS vs. 12.6% post‐OASIS; P < 0.05). Trends towards reduced 30‐day mortality (7.17% vs. 5.90%; P = 0.211), in‐hospital mortality (3.88% vs. 2.91%; P = 0.201), permanent care placement (7.77% vs. 7.09%; P = 0.843) and HACs (8.14% vs. 7.62%; P = 0.667) were seen, although statistical significance was not demonstrated. LOS remained unchanged at 4 days (P = 0.653).ConclusionThe addition of a geriatric in‐reach service to a tertiary ASU led to a significant reduction in 28‐day readmissions. Downtrends were seen in mortality, permanent care placement, and HAC rates, while LOS remained unchanged.
Letter: Intestinal permeability accounting for ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms following endoscopic remission in IBD—Authors' reply
Authors: Aliu Arta , Bosch Daan H. C. A. , Keszthelyi Daniel , Ardabili Ashkan Rezazadeh , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Sawyer Rachel , Törnblom Hans , Hart Ailsa , Jonkers Daisy M. A. E. , Pierik Marieke J. , Mujagic Zlatan 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Aliu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17988 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18027.
Psychopharmacological treatment in patients planned for hip or knee replacement
Authors: Kornvig Simon , Kehlet Henrik , Jørgensen Christoffer Calov , Fink‐Jensen Anders , Videbech Poul , Lindberg‐Larsen Martin , Gromov Kirill , Rasmussen Mathias Bæk , Bieder Manuel Josef , Varnum Claus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPsychopharmacological treatment may be an independent risk factor for increased length of stay and readmission after hip and knee replacement. Thus, temporary perioperative discontinuation may be beneficial. However, little is known regarding the treatments, and not all are feasible to discontinue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the treatments in terms of type, dose, duration, indication and initiating physician to assess the feasibility of temporary perioperative discontinuation. We included 482 patients planned for hip or knee replacement in psychopharmacological treatment for psychiatric disorders from 2021 to 2023 at five orthopaedic departments in Denmark. Most patients were treated with antidepressants (89%); most frequently, either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; 48%) or serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs; 21%). The majority received monotherapy (70%); most frequently, an SSRI (36%) or an SNRI (12%). Most antidepressants were initiated by general practitioners (71%), and the treatments had lasted for more than a year (87%). The doses of SSRIs/SNRIs were moderate, and the most frequent indication for antidepressants was depression (77%). These results imply that temporary perioperative SSRI/SNRI discontinuation may be feasible in hip and knee replacement patients and support a future randomized controlled trial investigating the potential benefits of temporary discontinuation.
Which men benefit from prostate cancer screening? Prostate cancer mortality by subgroup in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pasanen Niko , Talala Kirsi , Remmers Sebastiaan , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Hugosson Jonas , Roobol Monique J. , Taari Kimmo , Arnsrud Godtman Rebecka , Bangma Chris , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a subgroup of men can be identified that would benefit more from screening than others.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was based on three European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) centres, Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden. We identified 126 827 men aged 55–69 years in the study who were followed for maximum of 16 years after randomisation. The primary outcome was prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. We analysed three age groups 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69 years and PCa cases within four European Association of Urology (EAU) risk groups: low, intermediate, high risk, and advanced disease.ResultsThe hazard ratio (HR) for PCa mortality in the screening arm relative to the control arm for men aged 55–59 years was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–1.24) in Finland, 0.70 (95% CI 0.44–1.12) in the Netherlands and 0.42 (95% CI 0.24–0.73) in Sweden. The HR for men aged 60–64 years was 1.03 (95% CI 0.77–1.37) in Finland, 0.76 (95% CI 0.50–1.16) in the Netherlands and 0.97 (95% CI 0.64–1.48) in Sweden. The HR for men aged 65–69 years was 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–1.03) in Finland and 0.57 (95% CI 0.38–0.83) in the Netherlands, and this age group was absent in Sweden. In the EAU risk group analysis, PCa mortality rates were materially lower for men with advanced disease at diagnosis in all three countries: 0.67 (95% CI 0.56–0.82) in Finland, 0.28 (95% CI 0.18–0.44) in the Netherlands, and 0.48 (95% CI 0.30–0.78) in Sweden.ConclusionWe were unable to unequivocally identify the optimal age group for screening, as mortality reduction differed among centres and age groups. Instead, the screening effect appears to depend on screening duration, and the number and frequency of screening rounds. PCa mortality reduction by screening is largely attributable to stage shift.
Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits DNA damage repair and enhances cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of melanoma cells
Authors: Bian Fang , Niu Fan‐hong , Qu Ping‐yuan , Gong Fang , Yan Jian‐zhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research was designed to prospect the mechanism and impact of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on DNA damage repair and cisplatin (CP)‐induced apoptosis of melanoma cells. First, human melanoma cell SK‐MEL‐28 was stimulated using GA for 24, 48, and 72 h. Then, the optimal treatment time and dosage were selected. After that, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was employed for testing the cell viability, flow cytometry for the apoptosis, comet assay for the DNA damage of cells, and western blot for the cleaved‐Caspase3, Caspase3, Bcl‐2, and γH2AX protein expression levels. The experimental outcomes exhibited that as the GA concentration climbed up, the SK‐MEL‐28 cell viability dropped largely, while the apoptosis level raised significantly, especially at the concentration of 100 μm. In addition, compared with GA or CPtreatment only, CP combined with GA notably suppressed the viability of melanoma cells and promoted cell apoptosis at the cytological level. At the protein level, the combined treatment notably downregulated the Bcl‐2 and Caspase3 expression levels, while significantly upregulated the cleaved‐Caspase3 and γH2AX expression levels. Besides, CP + GA treatment promoted DNA damage at the DNA molecular level. Collectively, both GA and CP can inhibit DNA damage repair and enhance the apoptosis of SK‐MEL‐28 cells, and the synergistic treatment of both exhibits better efficacy.
Heterogeneous impact of crop diversification on farm net returns and risk exposure: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Adam Baba , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing frequency of extreme weather events threatens the livelihoods of low‐income farm households due to the heavy dependence on rain‐fed agriculture coupled with the under‐developed formal markets for risk management products. Thus, crop diversification is one of the widely used ex ante adaptation strategies to hedge against weather risk exposure. In this study, we use survey data from the northern Savanna zone of Ghana merged with historical weather data to shed light on the heterogeneous impact of crop diversification on farm net returns and risk exposure. We employ the dose response function and instrumental variable techniques to address potential endogeneity concerns. Overall, our findings show that crop diversification is a welfare‐enhancing strategy that significantly increases farm net returns, lowers the probability of crop failure, and thus decreases downside risk exposure. Notably, our dose‐response function analysis demonstrates that the positive benefits of crop diversification are particularly pronounced at lower intensities, reaching an optimal threshold. Beyond this point, the incremental advantages tend to diminish, suggesting the importance of carefully considering the optimal level of diversification for maximum benefits. The results further underscore the significant impact of both access to agricultural extension services and fertilizer usage on the adoption of crop diversification.
Cerebral autoregulation: A reliable predictor of prognosis in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Guo Zhen‐Ni , Qu Yang , Shen Zi‐Duo , Liu Jia , Wang Zhong‐Xiu , Sun Ying‐Ying , Zhang Ke‐Jia , Chang Junlei , Si Xiang‐Kun , Jin Hang , Sun Xin , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the characteristics of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and assess the relationship between dCA and prognosis.MethodsPatients with unilateral acute ischemic stroke receiving IVT were prospectively enrolled; those who did not were selected as controls. All patients underwent dCA measurements, by quantifying the phase difference (PD) and gain, at 1–3 and 7–10 days after stroke onset. Simultaneously, two dCA‐based nomogram models were established to verify the predictive value of dCA for patients with mild‐to‐moderate stroke.ResultsFinally, 202 patients who received IVT and 238 who did not were included. IVT was positively correlated with higher PD on days 1–3 and 7–10 after stroke onset. PD values in both sides at 1–3 days after stroke onset and in the affected side at 7–10 days after onset were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients who received IVT. Additionally, in patients with mild‐to‐moderate stroke who received IVT, the dCA‐based nomogram models significantly improved the risk predictive ability for 3‐month unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionIVT has a positive effect on dCA in patients with acute stroke; furthermore, dCA may be useful to predict the prognosis of patients with IVT.
Outcomes and risk factors for infection after endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Jiang Xin , Hu Yaowen , Wang Jian , Ma Mengmeng , Bao Jiajia , Fang Jinghuan , He Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsInfection is a common complication following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and significantly contributes to poor functional outcomes after stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of infection after endovascular treatment (post‐EVT infection) on clinical outcomes and risk factors in patients with AIS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed AIS patients treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) between January 2016 and December 2022. A post‐EVT infection was defined as any infection diagnosed within 7 days after EVT. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 90 days. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of post‐EVT infection and the associations between post‐EVT infection and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 675 patients were included in the analysis; 306 (45.3%) of them had post‐EVT infections. Patients with post‐EVT infection had a lower rate of functional independence than patients without infection (31% vs 65%, p = 0.006). In addition, patients with post‐EVT infection achieved less early neurological improvement (ENI) after EVT (25.8% vs 47.4%, p < 0.001). For safety outcomes, the infection group had a higher incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage (23.9% vs 15.7%, p = 0.01) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (10.1% vs 5.1%, p = 0.01). Unsuccessful recanalization (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11–3.13; p = 0.02) and general anesthesia (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.25–3.95; p = 0.01) were identified as independent predictors for post‐EVT infection in logistic regression analysis.ConclusionAIS patients who develop post‐EVT infections are more likely to experience poor clinical outcomes. Unsuccessful recanalization and general anesthesia were independent risk factors for the development of post‐EVT infection.
Successful bilateral lung transplantation in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Mardani Parviz , Naseri Reyhaneh , Shahriarirad Reza , Mahram Hadiseh , Shafi Masoud , Niknam Tahmoores , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Amirian Armin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with approximately 1000 known cases worldwide, in which calcium phosphate microliths deposit in the alveolar air spaces. As of writing this report, no definitive conventional therapy exists, and many PAM cases may progress to severe respiratory failure and potential death. Bilateral lung transplantation (BLx) seems to be the most optimal solution; however, this procedure is challenging along with limited reports regarding the outcome in PAM. We report a case of PAM successfully treated with BLx for the first time in Iran.MethodWe present the case of a 42‐year‐old female with a longstanding history of cough, not responding to conventional antitussive medication, who was diagnosed as a case of PAM following a hospitalization due to coughing, dyspnea on exertion, and hemoptysis. Despite treatment with corticosteroid and medical treatment, no improvement was achieved and she subsequently developed respiratory and right ventricular failure, with oxygen ventilation dependence. Eventually, she was scheduled for BLx. The operation was successful and during her 2‐year follow‐up, no recurrence or significant postoperative complications has been reported.ConclusionThis case presentation and literature review confirm the effectiveness of BLx as a promising treatment for PAM‐diagnosed patients, improving both life expectancy and quality of life.
Effective ecological monitoring using passive acoustic sensors: Recommendations for conservation practitioners
Authors: Teixeira Daniella , Roe Paul , van Rensburg Berndt J. , Linke Simon , McDonald Paul G. , Tucker David , Fuller Susan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPassive acoustic recorders have emerged as powerful tools for ecological monitoring. However, effective monitoring is not simply an act of recording sounds. To have meaning for conservation and management, acoustic monitoring needs to be properly planned and analyzed to yield high quality information. Here, we provide a set of considerations for the design of an effective acoustic monitoring program. We argue that such a program, has the following attributes: (1) has established appropriate partnerships with landowners, Traditional Owners, researchers, or other relevant stakeholders, (2) is based on clear objectives and questions, (3) is explicit in its target sound signals, (4) has considered in‐field sensor placement for a range of factors, including experimental design, statistical power, background noise, and potential impacts on human privacy and animal disturbance, (5) has a justified recording schedule and periodicity, (6) has methods to process sound data in line with objectives, and (7) has protocols for permanent data storage and access. Acoustic monitoring is increasingly used in large‐scale programs and will be important in addressing global biodiversity targets and new biodiversity markets. It is critical that new monitoring programs are designed to effectively and efficiently capture data that address pertinent and emerging issues in conservation.
Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Leavitt William D. , Waldbauer Jacob , Venceslau Sofia S. , Sim Min Sub , Zhang Lichun , Boidi Flavia Jaquelina , Plummer Sydney , Diaz Julia M. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Bradley Alexander S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrobial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolution of Earth's surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms over space and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractionation in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here, we link the magnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles under different cellular energetic regimes. When energy availability is limited, cell‐specific sulfate respiration rates and net sulfur isotope fractionation inversely covary. Beyond net S isotope fractionation values, we also quantified shifts in protein expression, abundances and isotopic composition of intracellular S metabolites, and lipid structures and lipid/water H isotope fractionation values. These coupled approaches reveal which protein abundances shift directly as a function of energy flux, those that vary minimally, and those that may vary independent of energy flux and likely do not contribute to shifts in S‐isotope fractionation. By coupling the bulk S‐isotope observations with quantitative proteomics, we provide novel constraints for metabolic isotope models. Together, these results lay the foundation for more predictive metabolic fractionation models, alongside interpretations of environmental sulfur and sulfate reducer lipid‐H isotope data.
Social reproduction: Households, public policies, and alternative organizing
Authors: Ruiz‐Castro Mayra , Grau‐Grau Marc , Lupu Ioana , Daskalaki Maria , McGinn Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis special issue (SI) contributes to a growing body of work in management and organization studies focusing on the complex relationship between social reproduction and inequalities in paid work and organizations. In this introduction to the SI, we first identify three key areas of inquiry relevant to the study of social reproduction: challenging the boundaries of productive and reproductive labor; inequalities and exploitation; and alternative organizing. We then present the seven papers of the SI that draw on research from Australia, South America, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the US to contribute to the aforementioned areas, foregrounding distinctive social reproduction dynamics manifesting in the household and alternative organizations (cooperatives), and facilitated by state policies. Based on these contributions, we propose an agenda for future research on social reproduction that aims to address the persistence and potential transformation of the existing gender, class, and race orders. We call for future studies exploring changing parenthood roles and how these affect the organization of re/production tasks; for research revealing and investigating underlying inequalities (re)produced by public policy; for analyses of existing and potential forms of feminist alternative organizing, and how these are sometimes hindered by heteropatriarchal structures; and for the study of social reproduction dynamics across cultural, socioeconomic, and political contexts.
Physicochemical characterisation and impact of Gryllus bimaculatus addition on gluten‐free flour blends
Authors: Kiiru Samuel , Ng'ang'a Jeremiah , Konyole Silvenus , Roos Nanna , Hetzer Birgit , Marel Anna‐Kristina , Orkusz Agnieszka , Harasym Joanna , Kinyuru John 
Published: May 2024

SummaryGryllus bimaculatus (field cricket) powder is a prospect in enriching gluten‐free food products' protein and mineral contents. However, the technological impacts of replacing common gluten‐free cereal flours with G. bimaculatus powder are still incipient. This study aimed to characterise nutritional composition, particle morphology, and particle size distribution of G. bimaculatus powder and the gluten‐free flours (maize, rice, finger millet and proso millet). Additionally, it investigated the effects of substituting these gluten‐free flours with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% G. bimaculatus powder on proximate composition, hydration and colour properties. G. bimaculatus powder showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) high protein (44.8 g/100 g) content and essential minerals such as zinc (208.5 mg/kg) and iron (132.2 mg/kg). Micrographs of G. bimaculatus powder revealed compact and heterogenous particles while the flours' particles varied in sizes, and the starch granules had different shapes, sizes and arrangements. Flour particles exhibited bi‐and trimodal size distributions ranging from 1.5 μm to 1100 μm with minor peaks preceding major peaks. Finger millet flour had a greater span of 4.12, while proso millet flour had a lower span of 1.97. Particle size correlated negatively with water absorption capacity (WAC) (r = −0.938) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) (r = −0.955), respectively. G. bimaculatus powder addition significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) fat, protein and fibre contents, decreased (P ≤ 0.05) nitrogen‐free extracts, but had no effect on ash content. Hydration properties differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) except for WAC in proso millet blends. Samples exhibited significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) WAC than OAC in exception of G. bimaculatus powder and showed no emulsifying activities. Addition of G. bimaculatus powder significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased colour differences, reduced redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and lightness. The use of G. bimaculatus powder demonstrates the potential to enhance the nutritional properties and modify the colour and hydration of gluten‐free flours in the development of novel gluten‐free foods.