bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Protects Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons against MPTP Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglial Activation
Authors: Chung Young C. , Bok Eugene , Huh Sue H. , Park Ju-Young , Yoon Sung-Hwa , Kim Sang R. , Kim Yoon-Seong , Maeng Sungho , Hyun Park Sung , Jin Byung K. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study examined whether the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor contributes to the survival of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. MPTP induced significant loss of nigrostriatal DA neurons and microglial activation in the substantia nigra (SN), visualized with tyrosine hydroxylase or macrophage Ag complex-1 immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry disclosed upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of microglial NADPH oxidase, and subsequent reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins in MPTP-treated SN, resulting in degeneration of DA neurons. Conversely, treatment with nonselective cannabinoid receptor agonists (WIN55,212-2 and HU210) led to increased survival of DA neurons in the SN, their fibers and dopamine levels in the striatum, and improved motor function. This neuroprotection by cannabinoids was accompanied by suppression of NADPH oxidase reactive oxygen species production and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines from activated microglia. Interestingly, cannabinoids protected DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium neurotoxicity in cocultures of mesencephalic neurons and microglia, but not in neuron-enriched mesencephalic cultures devoid of microglia. The observed neuroprotection and inhibition of microglial activation were reversed upon treatment with CB1 receptor selective antagonists AM251 and/or SR14,716A, confirming the involvement of the CB1 receptor. The present in vivo and in vitro findings clearly indicate that the CB1 receptor possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits microglia-mediated oxidative stress. Our results collectively suggest that the cannabinoid system is beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and other disorders associated with neuroinflammation and microglia-derived oxidative damage.
Progression to Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Alsoudi Amer F. , Wai Karen M. , Koo Euna , Parikh Ravi , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi , Rahimy Ehsan 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Protocol S suggested that vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) or tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was more common among eyes assigned initially to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). These clinical implications warrant further evaluation in the clinical practice setting.ObjectiveTo explore outcomes of PDR treated with PRP monotherapy compared with matched patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study using an aggregated electronic health records research network. Patients with PDR who received PRP or anti-VEGF monotherapy between January and September 2023 were included before propensity score matching. Patients were excluded with 6 or fewer months’ follow-up after monotherapy or with a combination of PRP and anti-VEGF. Data were analyzed in September 2023.ExposuresPatients with new PDR diagnoses stratified by monotherapy with PRP or anti-VEGF agents using Current Procedural Terminology code.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), VH, or TRD.ResultsAmong 6020 patients (PRP cohort: mean [SD] age, 64.8 [13.4]; 6424 [50.88%] female; 3562 [28.21%] Black, 6180 [48.95%] White, and 2716 [21.51%] unknown race; anti-VEGF cohort: mean [SD] age, 66.1 [13.2]; 5399 [50.52%] male; 2859 [26.75%] Black, 5377 [50.31%] White, and 2382 [22.29%] unknown race) who received treatment, PRP monotherapy was associated with higher rates of PPV when compared with patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy at 5 years (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36; RD, 1.37%; 95% CI, 0.39%-2.37%; P &amp;lt; .001), with similar associations at 1 and 3 years. PRP monotherapy was associated with higher rates of VH at 5 years (relative risk [RR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.52-1.95; risk difference [RD], 7.05; 95% CI, 5.41%-8.69%; P &amp;lt; .001) and higher rates of TRD at 5 years (RR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.26-3.37; RD, 4.25%; 95% CI, 3.45%-5.05%; P &amp;lt; .001), with similar magnitudes of associations at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years, when compared with patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings support the hypothesis that patients with PDR treated with PRP monotherapy are more likely to develop VH, TRD, and undergo PPV when compared with matched patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. However, given the wide range in relative risk, confounding factors may account for some of the association between PRP vs anti-VEGF monotherapy and outcomes evaluated.
Discovering Pyramidal Treasures: Multi‐Scale Design of High Strength–Ductility Titanium Alloys
Authors: Wei Shaolou , Kim Kyung‐Shik , Foltz John , Tasan Cemal Cem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanical properties of titanium alloys, one of humankind's most essential structural materials, suffer from the lack of 〈c + a〉 dislocations on pyramidal slip planes, failing homogeneous plastic strain accommodation. This mechanical treasure is not easily accessible in titanium alloys because of the required excessively high stress levels. The present work demonstrates that such a dilemma may be overcome by meticulously tuning the c/a ratio, the simplest crystallographic parameter of the hexagonal close‐packed lattice, through Sn alloying. Combining this lattice‐scale design concept with a cross‐rolling based polycrystal‐scale design solution, this study showcases a facile route to bimodal (α + β) titanium alloys with exceptional strength–ductility synergy.
Tuning Electron–Phonon Coupling Interaction for the Efficient Wide Blue Emission of Pb2+‐Doped Cs2InCl5·H2O
Authors: Li Yue , Lu Haolin , Yun Rui , Yang Huanxin , Liu Yuling , Wang Zhaoyu , Wang Song , Long Guankui , Li Xiyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLead‐free perovskites exhibit unique crystal structures and optical properties due to their low‐dimensional structure. However, the 0D structure of Cs2InCl5·H2O usually demonstrates poor optical properties at room temperature due to their extremely strong electron–phonon coupling interaction. In this study, a doping strategy is employed by introducing Pb2+ into Cs2InCl5·H2O, resulting in the achievement of an efficient broadband blue emission, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 58%. The temperature‐dependent PL spectra reveal that the efficient emission is attributed to the weakening of the electron–phonon coupling strength in the lattice and the inhibition of the phonon‐assisted non‐radiative recombination process through Pb2+ doping. The validity of this deduction is further corroborated by the results of the Raman spectra. The results of the first‐principle calculation demonstrate that the broadband emission originates from multiple emission paths in In3+ and Pb2+ polyhedrons. In addition, Pb2+‐doped Cs2InCl5·H2O can realize the transformation from sky‐blue emission to deep‐blue emission by absorbing water in the air. Remarkably, this change is reversible during the heating–cooling cycles, demonstrating excellent optical stability with repeatable recyclability.
Vacuum‐Deposited Perovskite Photodiodes for Visible and X‐Ray Photon Detection
Authors: Martínez‐Goyeneche Lucía , Ollearo Riccardo , Bordoni Camilla , Ciavatti Andrea , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Fraboni Beatrice , Tordera Daniel , Sessolo Michele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite photodiodes have garnered extensive attention owing to their favorable optoelectronic properties, rendering them attractive for visible, near‐infrared, and X‐ray sensors. However, their predominant reliance on solution‐processing deposition techniques poses challenges for seamless integration into existing industrial processes. In this study, this limitation is addressed by developing fully vacuum‐processed perovskite photodiodes with varying hole transport layers (HTL). These findings underscore the critical role of HTL selection in influencing the dark and noise current characteristics of the diodes. With an optimized HTL, photodiodes are obtained with low noise current (≈3 10−14 A Hz−1/2) and high specific detectivity (≈1012 Jones at 710 nm at −0.5 V). The photodiodes are also tested as X‐ray detectors and are found to be stable under X‐ray radiation, with state‐of‐the‐art sensitivity of 33 ± 4 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and a low limit of detection of 2.0 ± 1.6 µG s−1. These insights contribute to the development of perovskite photodiodes with improved performance and broader industrial applicability.
A Strategy for Rapid Synthesis of Carbon Nanodots with Reversible Photoluminescence Switching for Sensitive Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Li Jiurong , Gong Xiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbon nanodots (CDs) possess exceptional fluorescence properties, which have been extensively studied in the fields of fluorescence detection and anti‐counterfeiting information. However, the exploration of CDs with simple and fast synthesis paths, secure, and efficient encryption properties, remains a challenge. The rapid synthesis of orange CDs (O‐CDs) is reported with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 57.6% within 10 min at atmospheric pressure using a one‐step pyrolysis method. The O‐CDs exhibit a dual‐emission property, with a blue emission peak at 425 nm and a strong orange emission peak at 590 nm. The dual‐emission peaks of O‐CDs can allow for fast orange/blue switching of fluorescence color with changes in the acid‐base environment. O‐CDs can serve as effective fluorescent probes for pH detection, depending on their fluorescence wavelength and intensity. Additionally, O‐CDs have potential for fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting. When exposed to NH3 gas, O‐CDs fluorescent ink rapidly (1 s) transitions from orange fluorescence to blue fluorescence, and then quickly (4 s) reverts back to orange fluorescence when the gas environment changes to HCl gas atmosphere. Thus, O‐CDs fluorescent inks offer several advantages, including high fluorescence intensity, fast response, recyclability, and lossless encryption/decryption in “on‐off‐on” double encryption anti‐counterfeiting.
Structure‐Dependent Photoluminescence and Chemiluminescence Emission Enhancement in Ag25 Nanoclusters
Authors: Jing Mengmeng , Kuang Kaiyang , Fang Chunmin , Zhou Chuanjun , Li Zhuoyuan , Chen Shuang , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface ligands crucially influence the structure and luminescence of metal nanoclusters (NCs). In this study, three [Ag25(SPhCl)16−xClx(DPPB)6]2+ (x = 0 for Ag25, x = 1 for Ag25‐Cl, and x = 4 for Ag25‐4Cl) featuring thiol and Cl ligand combinations are synthesized and investigated. Ag25‐4Cl, which has the smallest number of rigid thiol ligands, exhibits the strongest photoluminescence (PL) and chemiluminescence (CL), and its PL quantum yield is 73.43% higher than that of Ag25. Structural analysis indicates that Cl ligands, being smaller and less sterically hindering than thiols, compress the motif layer towards the core, reducing non‐radiative transitions and boosting radiative ones to enhance PL. All three NCs exhibit CL in the presence of singlet oxygen, demonstrating the ability of the NCs to react with radicals and scavenge them. CL and radical scavenging experiments show that Ag25‐4Cl exhibits the highest CL and the lowest radical reaction ability, indicating that CL intensity of an NC depends more on its intrinsic luminescence ability and less on its ability to react with radicals. The regulation of luminescence by ligands and the CL and radical‐scavenging behavior of NCs are expected to be extended to other NC systems and related applications.
Synthesis of Oxaspirocyclohexadienones via Lewis‐Acid Catalyzed [2+3]‐Annulations of p‐Quinone Methides and Iodonium Ylides
Authors: Mujahid Mohd. , Kumar Sanjeev , Pal Kalia Nitin , Kanchupalli Vinaykumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a mild method for the synthesis of oxaspirocyclohexadienones by using a combination of Lewis acid‐HFIP mediated [2+3]‐annulation of p‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) and iodonium ylides. The proposed mechanism proceeds through a one‐pot sequence of carbonyl activation/cyclopropyl formation/Cloke‐Wilson rearrangement to provide a broad range of oxaspirocyclohexadienones in moderate to high yields. Interestingly, the spiro‐annulated products were further converted to tetrahydroxanthane derivatives via BF3.OEt2 mediated dienone‐phenol rearrangement pathway. Moreover, the spiro‐annulated derivatives also showed a moderate anti‐tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC25177.
Fast Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy Using Attention‐Assisted Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhan Haolin , Liu Jiawei , Fang Qiyuan , Chen Xinyu , Ni Yang , Zhou Lingling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPure shift NMR spectroscopy enables the robust probing on molecular structure and dynamics, benefiting from great resolution enhancements. Despite extensive application landscapes in various branches of chemistry, the long experimental times induced by the additional time dimension generally hinder its further developments and practical deployments, especially for multi‐dimensional pure shift NMR. Herein, this study proposes and implements the fast, reliable, and robust reconstruction for accelerated pure shift NMR spectroscopy with lightweight attention‐assisted deep neural network. This deep learning protocol allows one to regain high‐resolution signals and suppress undersampling artifacts, as well as furnish high‐fidelity signal intensities along with the accelerated pure shift acquisition, benefitting from the introduction of the attention mechanism to highlight the spectral feature and information of interest. Extensive results of simulated and experimental NMR data demonstrate that this attention‐assisted deep learning protocol enables the effective recovery of weak signals that are almost drown in the serious undersampling artifacts, and the distinction and recognition of close chemical shifts even though using merely 5.4% data, highlighting its huge potentials on fast pure shift NMR spectroscopy. As a result, this study affords a promising paradigm for the AI‐assisted NMR protocols toward broader applications in chemistry, biology, materials, and life sciences, and among others.
A Multi‐Dimensional Approach to Map Disease Relationships Challenges Classical Disease Views
Authors: Möbus Lena , Serra Angela , Fratello Michele , Pavel Alisa , Federico Antonio , Greco Dario 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe categorization of human diseases is mainly based on the affected organ system and phenotypic characteristics. This is limiting the view to the pathological manifestations, while it neglects mechanistic relationships that are crucial to develop therapeutic strategies. This work aims to advance the understanding of diseases and their relatedness beyond traditional phenotypic views. Hence, the similarity among 502 diseases is mapped using six different data dimensions encompassing molecular, clinical, and pharmacological information retrieved from public sources. Multiple distance measures and multi‐view clustering are used to assess the patterns of disease relatedness. The integration of all six dimensions into a consensus map of disease relationships reveals a divergent disease view from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), emphasizing novel insights offered by a multi‐view disease map. Disease features such as genes, pathways, and chemicals that are enriched in distinct disease groups are identified. Finally, an evaluation of the top similar diseases of three candidate diseases common in the Western population shows concordance with known epidemiological associations and reveals rare features shared between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease. A revision of disease relationships holds promise for facilitating the reconstruction of comorbidity patterns, repurposing drugs, and advancing drug discovery in the future.
Regulation of Glandular Size and Phytoalexin Biosynthesis by a Negative Feedback Loop in Cotton
Authors: Wu Wen‐Kai , Nie Gui‐Bin , Lin Jia‐Ling , Huang Jia‐Fa , Guo Xiao‐Xiang , Chen Mei , Fang Xin , Mao Ying‐Bo , Li Yan , Wang Ling‐Jian , Tao Xiao‐Yuan , Gao Yiqun , Yang Zuo‐Ren , Huang Jin‐Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlants have evolved diverse defense mechanisms encompassing physical and chemical barriers. Cotton pigment glands are known for containing various defense metabolites, but the precise regulation of gland size to modulate defense compound levels remains enigmatic. Here, it is discovered that the VQ domain‐containing protein JAVL negatively regulates pigment gland size and the biosynthesis of defense compounds, while the MYC2‐like transcription factor GoPGF has the opposite effect. Notably, GoPGF directly activates the expression of JAVL, whereas JAVL suppresses GoPGF transcription, establishing a negative feedback loop that maintains the expression homeostasis between GoPGF and JAVL. Furthermore, it is observed that JAVL negatively regulates jasmonate levels by inhibiting the expression of jasmonate biosynthetic genes and interacting with GoPGF to attenuate its activation effects, thereby maintaining homeostatic regulation of jasmonate levels. The increased expression ratio of GoPGF to JAVL leads to enlarged pigment glands and elevated jasmonates and defense compounds, enhancing insect and pathogen resistance in cotton. These findings unveil a new mechanism for regulating gland size and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, providing innovative strategies for strengthening plant defense.
Impacts of packed bed polydispersity and deformation on fine particle transport
Authors: Vyas Dhairya R. , Gao Song , Umbanhowar Paul B. , Ottino Julio M. , Lueptow Richard M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStatic granular packings play a central role in numerous industrial applications and natural settings. In these situations, fluid or fine particle flow through a bed of static particles is heavily influenced by the narrowest passage connecting the pores of the packing, commonly referred to as pore throats, or constrictions. Existing studies predominantly assume monodisperse rigid particles, but this is an oversimplification of the problem. In this work, we illustrate the connection between pore throat size, polydispersity, and particle deformation in a packed bed of spherical particles. Simple analytical expressions are provided to link these properties of the packing, followed by examples from Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of fine particle percolation demonstrating the impact of polydispersity and particle deformation. Our intent is to emphasize the substantial impact of polydispersity and particle deformation on constriction size, underscoring the importance of accounting for these effects in particle transport in granular packings.
Effect of vigorous‐intensity physical activity on incident cognitive impairment in high‐risk hypertension
Authors: Kazibwe Richard , Schaich Christopher L. , Muhammad Ahmad Imtiaz , Epiu Isabella , Namutebi Juliana H. , Chevli Parag A. , Kazibwe Joseph , Hughes Timothy , Rikhi Rishi R. , Shapiro Michael D. , Yeboah Joseph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated the effect vigorous physical activity (VPA) on the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia among individuals with high‐risk hypertension.METHODSBaseline self‐reported frequency of VPA was categorized into low VPA (<1 session/week), and high VPA (≥1 session/week). We used multivariate Cox regression analysis to examine the association of VPA categories with incident MCI and probable dementia events.RESULTSParticipants in the high VPA category, compared with low VPA, experienced lower events rates (per 1000 person‐years) of MCI (13.9 vs 19.7), probable dementia (6.3 vs 9.0), and MCI/probable dementia (18.5 vs 25.8). In the multivariate Cox regression model, high VPA, compared with low VPA, was associated with lower risk of MCI, probable dementia, and MCI/probable dementia (HR [95% CI]: 0.81 [0.68–0.97], 0.80 [0.63–1.03], and 0.82 [0.70–0.96]), respectively.DISCUSSIONThis study provides evidence that VPA may preserve cognitive function in high‐risk patients with hypertension.Highlights
Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of decline in cognition
The effect of ≥1 sessions of vigorous‐intensity PA (VPA) per week was assessed
This analysis included SPRINT MIND trial participants with high‐risk hypertension
≥1 VPA sessions/week was associated with lower risk of future cognitive impairment
Kinetics of Strand Displacement Reaction with Acyclic Artificial Nucleic Acids
Authors: Makino Koki , Sugiyama Itsumi , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Kashida Hiromu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractToehold‐mediated strand displacement (TMSD) reaction, one of the DNA nanotechnologies, has great potential as s biological programmable platform in the cellular environment. Various artificial nucleic acids have been developed to improve stability and affinity for biological applications. However, the lack of understanding of the kinetics of TMSD reaction among artificial nucleic acids has limited their applications. We herein systematically characterized the kinetics of TMSD reactions with acyclic xeno nucleic acids (XNAs): serinol nucleic acid (SNA), acyclic D‐threoninol nucleic acid (D‐aTNA), and acyclic L‐threoninol nucleic acid (L‐aTNA). We found that the strand displacement reactions by D‐aTNA and by L‐aTNA were highly dependent on temperature. D‐aTNA and L‐aTNA systems were orthogonal to each other, and chirality of the input can be switched by using SNA as an interface. We also applied TMSD reactions of XNAs to a seesaw gate amplification system which utilizes the orthogonality. This work will contribute to the developments of thermoresponsive and bioorthogonal nucleic acid circuits.
Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 Using a Dual‐Sites Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework Coupled with Cu2O Nanoparticles via a Synergetic‐Tandem Strategy
Authors: He Qizhe , Li Hongwei , Hu Zhuofeng , Lei Lei , Wang Degao , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLow *CO coverage on the active sites is a major hurdle in the tandem electrocatalysis, resulting in unsatisfied C2H4 production efficiencies. In this work, we developed a synergetic‐tandem strategy to construct a copper‐based composite catalyst for the electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4, which was constructed via the template‐directed polymerization of ultrathin Cu(II) porphyrin organic framework incorporating atomically isolated Cu(II) porphyrin and Cu(II) bipyridine sites on a carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold, and then Cu2O nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the CNT scaffold. The presence of dual active sites within the Cu(II) porphyrin organic framework create a synergetic effect, leading to an increase in local *CO availability to enhance the C−C coupling step implemented on the adjacent Cu2O nanoparticles for further C2H4 production. Accordingly, the resultant catalyst affords an exceptional CO2‐to‐C2H4 Faradaic efficiency (FEC2H4) of 71.0 % at −1.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), making it one of the most effective copper‐based tandem catalysts reported to date. The superior performance of the catalyst is further confirmed through operando infrared spectroscopy and theoretic calculations.