bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss and incretin responsiveness improve glucose control independently after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: BOSE Mousumi , TEIXEIRA Julio , OLIVAN Blanca , BAWA Baani , ARIAS Sara , MACHINENI Sriram , PI‐SUNYER F. Xavier , SCHERER Philipp E. , LAFERRÈRE Blandine 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms underlying Type 2 diabetes remission after gastric bypass (GBP) surgery by characterizing the short‐ and long‐term changes in hormonal determinants of blood glucose.Methods:  Eleven morbidly obese women with diabetes were studied before and 1, 6, and 12 months after GBP; eight non‐diabetic morbidly obese women were used as controls. The incretin effect was measured as the difference in insulin levels in response to oral glucose and to an isoglycemic intravenous challenge. Outcome measures were glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, proinsulin, amylin, glucagon, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) levels and the incretin effect on insulin secretion.Results:  The decrease in fasting glucose (r = 0.724) and insulin (r = 0.576) was associated with weight loss up to 12 months after GBP. In contrast, the blunted incretin effect (calculated at 22%) that improved at 1 month remained unchanged with further weight loss at 6 (52%) and 12 (52%) months. The blunted incretin (GLP‐1 and GIP) levels, early phase insulin secretion, and other parameters of β‐cell function (amylin, proinsulin/insulin) followed the same pattern, with rapid improvement at 1 month that remained unchanged at 1 year.Conclusions:  The data suggest that weight loss and incretins may contribute independently to improved glucose levels in the first year after GBP surgery.
Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible Risers Using Hybrid Finite
Elements
Authors: McNamara J. F. , O’Brien P. J. , Gilroy S. G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A method is developed for the static and dynamic analysis of flexible risers and pipelines in the offshore environment under conditions of arbitrarily large motions due to wave loading and vessel movements. A mixed finite element formulation is adopted where the axial force is independently interpolated and only combined with the corresponding axial displacements via a Lagrangian constraint. An advantage of the resulting hybrid beam element is that it may be applied to offshore components varying from mooring lines or cables to pipelines with finite bending stiffnesses. Results are presented for the motions and forces on a flexible riser connecting a tanker to a subsea tower and also on a combined flexible riser and subsea support buoy structure which is part of a floating offshore production system.
The Onset of Chaotic Motions of a Moored
Semi-Submersible
Authors: Bishop S. R. , Virgin L. N. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper describes a combined numerical and geometric approach to study the dynamic behavior of a moored semi-submersible based on solutions of the nonlinear differential equation used to model the system. Complex features including competing steady states, subharmonic resonances and chaos are shown to be typical responses in regular seas. A qualitative overview is used to classify the computer data generated from direct time simulation with the aim of illustrating the inadequacies and limitations of a linear or a purely analytical approach.
Measured Accelerations on Free-Fall Lifeboats
Authors: Nelson J. K. , Hirsch T. J. , Magill J. M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
During the emergency evacuation of offshore vessels and facilities, free-fall lifeboats represent an improvement in safety over conventional lifeboat systems. Many lifeboat accidents occur during and after lowering into rough seas. If the vessel is listing much, some of the lifeboats may be unusable. The free-fall concept overcomes these problems by allowing the lifeboat to slide down an inclined ramp and fall freely into the sea away from the parent vessel. The free fall provides kinetic energy that is used to propel the lifeboat away from danger after it has entered the water. This paper discusses the measured accelerations at the occupant seats during 28-m free falls at three different launch angles. The accelerations were measured on the full-scale prototype of a current free-fall lifeboat design. Included in this paper are the procedures used to measure and interpret the acceleration data and suggested limits on human tolerance to acceleration.
Nonlinear Marine Structures With Random Excitation
Authors: Jefferys E. R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Various important types of offshore structure contain significant nonlinearities or time-varying coefficients in their equations of motion. Well-known examples include tension leg platforms, free-hanging risers, single-buoy moorings, ships moored against fenders and vessels constrained by stiffening moorings. When subject to sinusoidal wave excitation, time domain mathematical models of these structures can display large subharmonic or chaotic motions. This paper shows that such behavior is often an artifact of the regularity of the excitation and is usually unlikely to present a significant problem in a random sea. Narrow-band vessel response can, however, generate near-harmonic motions to create conditions in which these instabilities may become important.
Motions of OTEC Platform in Waves and Forces on Mooring Chain and
Cold Water Pipe
Authors: Koterayama W. , Nakamura M. , Kyozuka Y. , Ohkusu M. , Suhara T. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The effects of hydrodynamic forces acting on the cold water pipe and mooring lines on motions of the OTEC platform are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The hydrodynamic forces acting on the cold water pipe and mooring chains oscillating in water are obtained by using mode methods. The computer time needed for the calculations is very short; therefore, the methods proposed in this paper are of great practical use. Calculated results of the bending moment and shearing force of the cold water pipe at its upper end and the horizontal and vertical components of the dynamic tension of the mooring chain at the mooring point are compared with those of experiments. They are in good agreement. Experiments and theoretical calculations on the motions of the moored OTEC platform show that the viscous drag forces acting on the cold water pipe and mooring chains have a great effect on the motion at its resonant period. They act as the viscous damping force for the motion of the platform at its resonant period, and reduce its magnification factor.
Vortex-Excited Response of Large-Scale Cylinders in Sheared
Flow
Authors: Humphries J. A. , Walker D. H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A series of experiments were performed to measure the vortex-excited response of a 0.168-m-dia slender circular cylinder in a range of linear shear velocity profiles. Reynolds numbers of up to 2.5 × 105 were achieved. The results clearly showed that regular large-amplitude cylinder vibrations occurred well within the critical drag transition region. It was found that increasing the linear shear profile decreased the peak amplitude response but broadened the range of lock-on over which large oscillations occurred. The flow-induced vibration of the cylinder caused amplification of the mean hydrodynamic drag forces acting on the cylinder when compared with those expected for a similar rigid cylinder.
Free-Form Plate Modeling Using Offset Surfaces
Authors: Patrikalakis N. M. , Prakash P. V. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper addresses the representation of plates within the framework of the Boundary Representation method in a Solid Modeling environment. Plates are defined as the volume bounded by a progenitor surface, its offset surface and other, possibly ruled surfaces for the sides. Offset surfaces of polynomial parametric surfaces cannot be represented exactly within the same class of functions describing the progenitor surface. Therefore, if the offset surface is to be represented in the same form as the progenitor surface, approximation is required. A method of approximation relevant to non-uniform rational parametric B-spline surfaces is described. The method employs the properties of the control polyhedron and a recently developed subdivision algorithm to satisfy a certain accuracy criterion. Representative examples are given which illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Confined Compressive Strength of Multi-Year Pressure Ridge Sea Ice
Samples
Authors: Cox G. F. N. , Richter-Menge J. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Fifty-five constant-strain-rate triaxial tests were performed on verticaly oriented multi-year pressure ridge samples from the Beaufort Sea. The tests were performed on a closed-loop electrohydraulic testing machine at two nominal strain rates (10−5 and 10−3 s−1) and two temperatures (−20° and −5°C). In all of the tests the confining pressure was ramped in constant proportion to the applied axial stress (σ1 &gt; σ2 = σ3, σ3/σ1 = constant). Two σ3/σ1 ratios were investigated: 0.25 and 0.50. This paper summarizes the sample preparation and testing techniques used in this investigation and presents data on the confined compressive strength and failure strain of the ice. Uniaxial data are also included for comparison.
A Wave-Free Floating Body in Swaying Oscillation
Authors: Yamashita S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper deals with the two-dimensional wave-free floating body which generates no radiating waves at a certain frequency when oscillating horizontally on the free water surface. In order to find the characteristic features of the wave-free form, the streamlines are calculated for the wave-free potential. Two kinds of wave-free bodies are given. The one is a floating body, the surface of which is inclined inwardly just below the free water surface, and the other is a fully submerged body. Numerical computations and experimental measurements of the sway exciting forces in waves are carried out for the wave-free bodies and the existence of the wave-free frequency for swaying oscillation is verified experimentally as well as theoretically. Measurements of the motions in waves are also performed on the inwardly inclined floating body that has mainly rectangular cross section. The experimental results are compared with those of the box-shaped floating body.
Dynamic Analysis and Fatigue Control of the HYLIGHT Deepwater
Platform
Authors: Thuestad T. C. , Folleso S. , Haughovd J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The paper discusses results from a detailed stochastic dynamic fatigue analysis of a new deepwater platform concept designed for North Sea conditions. The platform concept, developed by Norsk Hydro a.s., is a fixed steel structure in a water depth of 335 m and with a deck load capacity of 35000 tonnes. The platform substructure, shown in Fig. 1, is a tripod trusswork design consisting of a central triangle tower connected to three inclined legs at elevation 45 m below the still water level. The fundamental structural natural period is in the range of 4 to 5 s, indicating significant dynamic amplification of the quasi-static wave-induced response, and fatigue will be an important design consideration. Parameters governing the fatigue life of the structure are identified and the fatigue sensitivity to these parameters is investigated. The results indicate that fatigue is important for structural elements in and above the intersection area between the main tower and the inclined legs. Important parameters governing the fatigue life are found to be the damping value, geometric stress effects, dynamic amplification, structural geometry at waterline, wave load modeling and method used for linearization of nonlinear wave forces.
The Use of Robotics and Expert Systems for the Manufacture of
Structural Beams
Authors: Gursoz E. L. , Prinz F. B. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper describes an expert system for a class of automated cutting operations which are of practical use in the offshore manufacturing industry. These operations include plasma cutting, oxy-fuel cutting, laser cutting and water-jet cutting. The common features in these processes, which define this class of cutting operations, are: 1) the work material is cut by the sweeping action of a line segment; 2) the cutting effect terminates at an imprecise point along the cutting segment; 3) the cutting task at hand can be fully described by the surface-boundary representation of the workpiece and the surface to be cut. The fundamental problem in such a planning task is that neither a strictly geometrical analysis, nor a purely heuristic approach is sufficient when considered alone. In this paper, we present a knowledge-based system which blends heuristics with spatial reasoning within the framework of a solid modeling system.
Sensitivity of Wave Drift Damping Coefficient Predictions to the
Hydrodynamic Analysis Models Used in the Added Resistance Gradient
Method
Authors: Hearn G. E. , Tong K. C. , Lau S. M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the formulation and simplifications of the general fluid structure interaction analysis for an advancing oscillating vessel in waves to provide alternative 3D hydrodynamic models to determine first and second-order wave-induced fluid loadings, and, hence, the prediction of low-frequency wave damping coefficients. Heuristic arguments which lead to the Added Resistance Gradient (ARG) method of calculating low-frequency damping coefficients together with two 3D-based calculation procedures are presented. Predictions of added resistance and motion responses are compared with other published data. The intermediate hydrodynamic coefficient predictions based on 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models are compared. Low-frequency damping coefficient predictions based on the two proposed 3D calculation procedures are compared with experimental measurements and earlier published generalized strip theory values. Assessment of the applicability of the procedures, the result of their application, and further possible generalizations of the methods are discussed.
On the Increased Damping of a Moored Body During Low-Frequency
Motions in Waves
Authors: Nakamura S. , Saito K. , Takagi M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
An estimation method for the increased damping on a moored body in waves which allow simulation of the decay increase of low-frequency motion in waves is described. Emphasis is put on the analytical estimation method for the increased damping due to waves (wave drift damping) on a moored body during low-frequency motion. The estimated increased damping is compared with that of free oscillation tests in waves, and it is shown that the estimation method presented herein is acceptable qualitatively. The low-frequency resonant sway motions of a two-dimensional moored body in regular wave groups are also compared, and the numerical results show a tendency similar to the experiments when the wave drift damping is included in the equation of motion.
Three-Dimensional Scour Below Pipelines
Authors: Fredsøe J. , Hansen E. A. , Mao Y. , Sumer B. M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper deals with the scour below pipelines exposed to a current. In a typical field situation, the scour pattern along a pipeline is not uniform; the scour holes are interrupted with the reaches where the pipeline is partially or totally buried. This paper focuses on the longitudinal extent of the individual scour holes. A simplified picture of the process is given to describe the longitudinal dimension of a scour hole. The sagging of the pipeline is an essential element of the process. The effect of sagging on the final scour depth is investigated, using a two-dimensional laboratory model. A simple equation to calculate the length of individual scour holes (the span length) is developed. The practical application of the equation is demonstrated by an example.
A Numerical Procedure for Vehicle-Induced Internal
Waves
Authors: Suh I. , Hires R. I. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
An axially marching numerical method is developed for the simulation of the internal waves produced by the translation of a submersed vehicle in a density-stratified ocean. The method provides for the direct solution of the primitive variables [v, p, ρ] for the nonlinear and steady-state three-dimensional Euler’s equation with a nonconstant density term in the vehicle-fixed cartesian coordinate system. By utilizing a known potential flow around the vehicle for an estimate of the axial velocity gradient, the present parabolic algorithm allows local upstream disturbances and an axial velocity variation.
Transverse Vibrations of an Elastically Mounted Cylinder Exposed to
an Oscillating Flow
Authors: Sumer B. M. , Fredsøe J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This study reports the results of an experimental work carried out with an elastically mounted rigid cylinder exposed to an oscillating flow. To facilitate comparison, the steady current case is included in the test program as well. The oscillatory flow as well as the steady current conditions are created by the so-called carriage technique. The present study covers the Keulegan-Carpenter number range 5 ≤ KC ≤ 100. The range of the reduced velocity is from 0 to approximately 16 in most of the cases. The tests have been conducted for different combinations of spring stiffness and mass of cylinder. The present results shed considerable light into the understanding of the various vibrational response patterns obtained for different ranges of KC number. The response characteristics of the cylinder have been shown to vary extensively, depending on Keulegan-Carpenter number as well as on the reduced velocity.
Mechanical Properties of Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Urabe N. , Inoue M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Ice samples were extracted from a land-fast ice sheet of 90 cm thickness at Lutzow-Holm Bay in the Antarctica. The ice samples were then shipped to a cold room in Tokyo, and unconfined uniaxial compression tests and fracture toughness tests were performed for a wide range of loading rate under temperature varying from −5°C to −30°C. During the tests limited in number, acoustic emission measurements were also carried out. On the other hand, distributions of salinity, density, air content, fabric structure and grain size were examined along the thickness direction of the ice sheet. The ice sheet consisted of fine-grained granular ice at the top surface layer and columnar grains below it. The grain size was less than 1 mm for the granular ice and the columnar ice grain size increased linearly with the depth from about 1 mm just beneath the transition zone to about 13 mm at the bottom surface. The density and the air content also varied showing its maximum or minimum value, respectively, at the mid-thickness position along the thickness direction of the ice sheet. Thus, correlations between the mechanical properties and the physical features were studied. The fracture toughness (KIC) of the columnar grained ice showed a strong dependence on the grain size (diameter of the columnar ice). Namely, the KIC decreased in proportion to the inverse square root of the grain size. The compressive strength showed a linear relationship with the density, which was a function of not only the brine volume, but also the air content. Accordingly, the compressive strength was recognized to decrease with an increase in the sum of the square root of brine volume and the square root of air content. The other ice samples were also extracted from one of icebergs in Lutzow-Holm Bay. And the compressive strength and the fracture toughness were measured and reported in this paper.
Reference Strength of Ice to be Used in Designing Offshore
Structures
Authors: Tunik A. L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The strength of ice depends on many factors. If they are known, the strength can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy. When designing an offshore structure, a designer usually has to select appropriate values of ice strength from incomplete, uncertain and random observation data for the site-specific ice environment. In this paper, a simplified method of selecting such values is described. A reference value of compressive strength is presented as an analytical function of averaged site-specific environmental parameters and offshore structure dimensions which are usually available to the designer.
Flow Patterns and Aerodynamic Performance of Unswept and Swept-Back Wings
Authors: Yen Shun C. , Huang Lung –C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of sweep-back angle (Λ), Reynolds number (Re), and angle of attack (α) on the boundary-layer flow structures and aerodynamic performance of a finite swept-back wing were experimentally investigated. The Reynolds number and sweep-back angle used in this test is 30,000&lt;Re&lt;130,000 and 0 deg≤Λ≤45 deg. The wing model was made of stainless steel, and the wing airfoil is NACA 0012. The chord length is 6 cm, and the semiwing span is 30 cm; and therefore, the semiwing aspect ratio is 5. The boundary-layer flow structures were visualized using the surface oil-flow technique. Seven boundary-layer flow modes were categorized by changing Re and α. A six-component balance is used to determine aerodynamic loadings. The aerodynamic performance is closely related to the boundary-layer flow modes. The stall angle of attack (αstall) is deferred from 9 deg to 10 deg (for an unswept wing), to 30 deg to 35 deg (for a swept-back wings of Λ&gt;30 deg). The deferment of αstall is induced from the increased rotation energy and turbulent intensity generated from the secondary flow. Furthermore, the increased rotation energy and turbulent intensity resisted the reverse pressure generated at high α.
Genetic linkage mapping for molecular dissection of chilling requirement and budbreak in apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.)
Authors: Olukolu Bode A. , Trainin Taly , Fan Shenghua , Kole Chittaranjan , Bielenberg Douglas G. , Reighard Gregory L. , Abbott Albert G. , Holland Doron 
Published: November 2009

Commercial production of apricot is severely affected by sensitivity to climatic conditions, an adaptive feature essential for cycling between vegetative or floral growth and dormancy. Yield losses are due to late winter or early spring frosts and inhibited vegetative or floral growth caused by unfulfilled chilling requirement (CR). Two apricot cultivars, Perfection and A.1740, were selected for high and low CR, respectively, to develop a mapping population of F1individuals using a two-way pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. High-density male and female maps were constructed using, respectively, 655 and 592 markers (SSR and AFLP) spanning 550.6 and 454.9 cM with average marker intervals of 0.84 and 0.77 cM. CR was evaluated in two seasons on potted trees forced to break buds after cold treatments ranging from 100 to 900 h. A total of 12 putative CR quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on six linkage groups using composite interval mapping and a simultaneous multiple regression fit. QTL main effects of additive and additive × additive interactions accounted for 58.5% ± 6.7% and 66.1% ± 5.8% of the total phenotypic variance in the Perfection and A.1740 maps, respectively. We report two apricot high-density maps and QTLs corresponding to map positions of differentially expressed transcripts and suggested candidate genes controlling CR.