bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood abdominal pain in primary care: design and patient selection of the HONEUR abdominal pain cohort
Authors: Spee Leo AA , van den Hurk Arjan PJM , van Leeuwen Yvonne , Benninga Marc A , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita MA , Passchier Jan , Berger Marjolein Y 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Abdominal pain in children is a common complaint presented to the GP. However, the prognosis and prognostic factors of childhood abdominal pain are almost exclusively studied in referred children. This cohort study aims at describing prognosis and prognostic factors of childhood abdominal pain in primary care. In this paper we describe methods used for data-collection and determine possible selective recruitment.

Methods/Design
We conducted an observational, prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up. From May 2004 to March 2006, 53 Dutch GPs recruited consecutive children aged 4-17 years with a new episode of abdominal pain not preceded by a consultation for this complaint in the previous 3 months. Participants filled in standardized questionnaires, and faeces and urine were sampled. To evaluate selective recruitment, the electronic medical records of participating GPs were retrospectively searched for eligible non-included children.

Discussion
This study allows us to describe prognosis and prognostic factors of childhood abdominal pain in primary care. A total of 305 children were included of whom 142 (46.6%) met predefined criteria for chronic/recurrent abdominal pain at presentation; from the total group of eligible children identified from the electronic medical record, 27% were included. The included children were significantly younger than non-included children (mean age 8.49 and 9.20 years). In proportion to identified eligible children, significantly less children diagnosed with "gastroenteritis" (6.8%) and significantly more children with "generalized abdominal pain" (39%) were included compared to the 27% that was expected. This cohort represents young school-aged children consulting GPs for a new episode of abdominal pain, not diagnosed as gastroenteritis. Almost half of them fulfil the criteria for chronic abdominal pain at presentation.
Spontaneous feline mammary intraepithelial lesions as a model for human estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative breast lesions
Authors: Burrai Giovanni P , Mohammed Sulma I , Miller Margaret A , Marras Vincenzo , Pirino Salvatore , Addis Maria F , Uzzau Sergio , Antuofermo Elisabetta 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Intraepithelial lesions (IELs), such as usual ductal hyperplasia (UH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are risk factors that predict a woman's chance of developing invasive breast cancer. Therefore, a comparative study that establishes an animal model of pre-invasive lesions is needed for the development of preventative measures and effective treatment for both mammary IELs and tumors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histologic and molecular features of feline mammary IELs and compare them with those in women.MethodsFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens (n = 205) from 203 female cats with clinical mammary disease were retrieved from the archives of the Purdue University Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Veterinary Teaching Hospital (West Lafayette, IN), and the Department of Pathology and Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine (Sassari, Italy). Histologic sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), were evaluated for the presence of IELs in tissue adjacent to excised mammary tumors. Lesions were compared to those of humans. Immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER-alpha), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) and Ki-67 was performed in IELs and adjacent tumor tissues.ResultsIntraepithelial lesions were found in 57 of 203 (28%) feline mammary specimens and were categorized as UH (27%), ADH (29%), and DCIS (44%). Most IELs with atypia (ADH and DCIS) were associated with mammary cancer (91%), whereas UH was associated with benign lesions in 53% of cases. Feline IELs were remarkably similar to human IELs. No ER or PR immunoreactivity was detected in intermediate-grade or high-grade DCIS or their associated malignant tumors. HER-2 protein overexpression was found in 27% of IELs.ConclusionThe remarkable similarity of feline mammary IELs to those of humans, with the tendency to lose hormone receptor expression in atypical IELs, supports the cat as a possible model to study ER- and PR-negative breast lesions.
Intracellular targets of RGDS peptide in melanoma cells
Authors: Aguzzi Maria Simona , Fortugno Paola , Giampietri Claudia , Ragone Gianluca , Capogrossi Maurizio C. , Facchiano Antonio 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
RGD-motif acts as a specific integrins-ligand and regulates a variety of cell-functions via extracellular action affecting cell-adhesion properties. However, increasing evidence identifies additional RGDS-functions at intracellular level. Previous reports show RGDS-internalization in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and lymphocytes, indicating intracellular targets such as caspase-8 and caspase-9, and suggest RGDS specific activity at cytoplasmic level. Given the role RGDS-peptides play in controlling proliferation and apoptosis in several cell types, investigating intracellular targets of RGDS in melanoma cells may un-reveal novel molecular targets and key pathways, potentially useful for a more effective approach to melanoma treatment.

Results
In the present study we show for the first time that RGDS-peptide is internalized in melanoma cells in a time-dependent way and exerts strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects independently from its extracellular anti-adhesive action. RGES control-peptide did not show biological effects, as expected; nevertheless it is internalized, although with slower kinetics. Survivin, a known cell-cycle and survival-regulator is highly expressed in melanoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays in cell lysates and overlay assays with the purified proteins showed that RGDS interacts with survivin, as well as with procaspase-3, -8 and -9. RGDS-peptide binding to survivin was found to be specific, at high affinity (Kd 27.5 μM) and located at the survivin C-terminus. RGDS-survivin interaction appeared to play a key role, since RGDS lost its anti-mitogenic effect in survivin-deprived cells with a specific siRNA.

Conclusions
RGDS inhibits melanoma growth with an adhesion-independent mechanism; it is internalized in melanoma cells and specifically interacts with survivin. The present data may indicate a novel role of RGDS-containing peptides physiologically released from the extracellular matrix and may suggest a possible novel anti-proliferation strategy in melanoma.
PI3Kp110-, Src-, FAK-dependent and DOCK2-independent migration and invasion of CXCL13-stimulated prostate cancer cells
Authors: El Haibi Christelle P. , Sharma Praveen K. , Singh Rajesh , Johnson Paul R. , Suttles Jill , Singh Shailesh , Lillard James W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Most prostate cancer (PCa)-related deaths are due to metastasis, which is mediated in part by chemokine receptor and corresponding ligand interaction. We have previously shown that PCa tissue and cell lines express high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, than compared to their normal counterparts, and interaction of CXCR5 with its specific ligand (CXCL13) promoted PCa cell invasion, migration, and differential matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. This study dissects some of the molecular mechanisms following CXCL13-CXCR5 interaction that mediate PCa cell migration and invasion.

Results
Using Western blot analysis, kinase-specific cell-based ELISAs, and migration and invasion assays, we show that PCa cell lines differentially express phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit isoforms and dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2). Specifically, we show that PC3 and normal prostatic epithelial (RWPE-1), but not LNCaP cell lines expressed DOCK2, while RWPE, PC3, and LNCaP cell lines expressed PI3K-p110α and -p110β. Moreover, PC3 selectively expressed PI3K-p110γ, but LNCaP and RWPE cell lines expressed PI3Kp110δ. CXCL13 caused CXCR5-dependent activation of the PI3Kp85α in LNCaP cells, and p85α as well as -p101 in PC3 cells. CXCL13-CXCR5 interaction regulated LNCaP and PC3 cell migration and invasion through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation that was primarily dependent on the PI3Kp110 isoform(s), Src, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), but not DOCK2.

Conclusions
While additional studies will be needed to determine the PI3K-independent (i.e., DOCK2-mediated) and -dependent events that dictate PCa cell responsiveness to CXCL13, these data provide evidence of the existence of cell type- and stimulus-specific signaling events that support migration and invasion of PCa cells.
Role of inflammation in túbulo-interstitial damage associated to obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Grande María T , Pérez-Barriocanal Fernando , López-Novoa José M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObstructive nephropathy is characterized by an inflammatory state in the kidney, that is promoted by cytokines and growth factors produced by damaged tubular cells, infiltrated macrophages and accumulated myofibroblasts. This inflammatory state contributes to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis characteristic of obstructive nephropathy. Accumulation of leukocytes, especially macrophages and T lymphocytes, in the renal interstitium is strongly associated to the progression of renal injury. Proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB activation, adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors, NO and oxidative stress contribute in different ways to progressive renal damage induced by obstructive nephropathy, as they induce leukocytes recruitment, tubular cell apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Increased angiotensin II production, increased oxidative stress and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines contribute to NF-κB activation which in turn induce the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines responsible for leukocyte recruitment and iNOS and cytokines overexpression, which aggravates the inflammatory response in the damaged kidney. In this manuscript we revise the different events and regulatory mechanisms involved in inflammation associated to obstructive nephropathy.
Identification of super-infected Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes collected as eggs from the field and partial characterization of the infecting La Crosse viruses
Authors: Reese Sara M , Mossel Eric C , Beaty Meaghan K , Beck Eric T , Geske Dave , Blair Carol D , Beaty Barry J , Black William C 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
La Crosse virus (LACV) is a pathogenic arbovirus that is transovarially transmitted by Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes and overwinters in diapausing eggs. However, previous models predicted transovarial transmission (TOT) to be insufficient to maintain LACV in nature.

Results
To investigate this issue, we reared mosquitoes from field-collected eggs and assayed adults individually for LACV antigen, viral RNA by RT-PCR, and infectious virus. The mosquitoes had three distinct infection phenotypes: 1) super infected (SI+) mosquitoes contained infectious virus, large accumulations of viral antigen and RNA and comprised 17 of 17,825 (0.09%) of assayed mosquitoes, 2) infected mosquitoes (I+) contained no detectable infectious virus, lesser amounts of viral antigen and RNA, and comprised 3.7% of mosquitoes, and 3) non-infected mosquitoes (I-) contained no detectable viral antigen, RNA, or infectious virus and comprised 96.21% of mosquitoes. SI+ mosquitoes were recovered in consecutive years at one field site, suggesting that lineages of TOT stably-infected and geographically isolated Ae. triseriatus exist in nature. Analyses of LACV genomes showed that SI+ isolates are not monophyletic nor phylogenetically distinct and that synonymous substitution rates exceed replacement rates in all genes and isolates. Analysis of singleton versus shared mutations (Fu and Li's F*) revealed that the SI+ LACV M segment, with a large and significant excess of intermediate-frequency alleles, evolves through disruptive selection that maintains SI+ alleles at higher frequencies than the average mutation rate. A QTN in the LACV NSm gene was detected in SI+ mosquitoes, but not in I+ mosquitoes. Four amino acid changes were detected in the LACV NSm gene from SI+ but not I+ mosquitoes from one site, and may condition vector super infection. In contrast to NSm, the NSs sequences of LACV from SI+ and I+ mosquitoes were identical.

Conclusions
SI+ mosquitoes may represent stabilized infections of Ae. triseriatus mosquitoes, which could maintain LACV in nature. A gene-for-gene interaction involving the viral NSm gene and a vector innate immune response gene may condition stabilized infection.
An HIV epidemic is ready to emerge in the Philippines
Authors: Farr Anna C , Wilson David P 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundThe state of the HIV epidemic in the Philippines has been described as “low and slow”, which is in stark contrast to many other countries in the region. A review of the conditions for HIV spread in the Philippines is necessary.MethodsWe evaluated the current epidemiology, trends in behaviour and public health response in the Philippines to identify factors that could account for the current HIV epidemic, as well as to review conditions that may be of concern for facilitating an emerging epidemic.ResultsThe past control of HIV in the Philippines cannot be attributed to any single factor, nor is it necessarily a result of the actions of the Filipino government or other stakeholders. Likely reasons for the epidemic's slow development include: the country's geography is complicated; injecting drug use is relatively uncommon; a culture of sexual conservatism exists; sex workers tend to have few clients; anal sex is relatively uncommon; and circumcision rates are relatively high.In contrast, there are numerous factors suggesting that HIV is increasing and ready to emerge at high rates, including: the lowest documented rates of condom use in Asia; increasing casual sexual activity; returning overseas Filipino workers from high‐prevalence settings; widespread misconceptions about HIV/AIDS; and high needle‐sharing rates among injecting drug users.There was a three‐fold increase in the rate of HIV diagnoses in the Philippines between 2003 and 2008, and this has continued over the past year. HIV diagnoses rates have noticeably increased among men, particularly among bisexual and homosexual men (114% and 214% respective increases over 2003‐2008). The average age of diagnosis has also significantly decreased, from approximately 36 to 29 years.ConclusionsYoung adults, men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers, injecting drug users, overseas Filipino workers, and the sexual partners of people in these groups are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. There is no guarantee that a large HIV epidemic will be avoided in the near future. Indeed, an expanding HIV epidemic is likely to be only a matter of time as the components for such an epidemic are already present in the Philippines.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation and Gene Expression of PPARGC1A in Human Muscle Is Influenced by High-Fat Overfeeding in a Birth-Weight-Dependent Manner
Authors: Brøns Charlotte , Jacobsen Stine , Nilsson Emma , Rönn Tina , Jensen Christine B. , Storgaard Heidi , Poulsen Pernille , Groop Leif , Ling Charlotte , Astrup Arne , Vaag Allan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Context: Low birth weight (LBW) and unhealthy diets are risk factors of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic data propose a role of the key metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A) in the development of T2D.
Objective: Our objective was to investigate gene expression and DNA methylation of PPARGC1A and coregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during control and high-fat diets.
Design, Subjects, and Main Outcome Measures: Twenty young healthy men with LBW and 26 matched NBW controls were studied after 5 d high-fat overfeeding (+50% calories) and after a control diet in a randomized manner. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed and skeletal muscle biopsies excised. DNA methylation and gene expression were measured using bisulfite sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively.
Results: When challenged with high-fat overfeeding, LBW subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance and reduced PPARGC1A and OXPHOS (P &lt; 0.05) gene expression. PPARGC1A methylation was significantly higher in LBW subjects (P = 0.0002) during the control diet. However, PPARGC1A methylation increased in only NBW subjects after overfeeding in a reversible manner. DNA methylation of PPARGC1A did not correlate with mRNA expression.
Conclusions: LBW subjects developed peripheral insulin resistance and decreased gene expression of PPARGC1A and OXPHOS genes when challenged with fat overfeeding. The extent to which our finding of a constitutively increased DNA methylation in the PPARGC1A promoter in LBW subjects may contribute needs to be determined. We provide the first experimental support in humans that DNA methylation induced by overfeeding is reversible.
Threshold concepts and the transport and product design curriculum: reports of research in progress
Authors: Osmond Jane , Bull Karen , Tovey Mike 
Published: April 2010

In 2005, Coventry University was successful in bidding for Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL) funding from HEFCE, which led to the creation of the Centre of Excellence for Product and Automotive Design (CEPAD).
This article discusses pedagogic research carried out
by CEPAD to date, with a particular focus on the journey towards identifying one particular threshold concept in student transport and product design education. It also explores preliminary thoughts on how this identification of hitherto tacit knowledge can feed into the design thinking and
solutioning process. From this, the article offers some implications for the enhancement of teaching and learning within the design curriculum.
Determining the Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel and Blends Using a New Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)—The PetroOXY
Authors: Wierzbicki Volkmar 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Oxidation stability is a physical property of liquid fuels used to describe the ageing behavior of fuels during transport and storage. In biodiesel and its blends with diesel, oxidation of fuel can result in acid formation and polymer solids which plug filters and leave problematic deposits throughout the fuel supply system. ASTM Fuel Specification Standards include both 100 % biodiesel and biofuel-blends. Of all these fuel standards only ASTM D6751, which is for 100 % biodiesel “as a blendstock,” mentions the test method EN 14112. Although the following fuel specification standards permit the blending of biodiesel into the fuel, to date these standards have not yet identified a suitable oxidation stability test method for blended fuels: ASTM D975 for diesel fuel oils (&lt;5 % biodiesel); ASTM D396 for burner fuel oils (&lt;5 % biodiesel); and ASTM D7467 for diesel fuel oil (6–20 % biodiesel). ASTM D2274 is the most frequently used method to characterize ageing behavior of diesel by determining the polymer (sludge) content of artificially aged fuel. ASTM D02.14 approved two new test methods for evaluation of oxidation stability. ASTM D7545 is a new method for testing oxidation stability of middle-distillates. ASTM D7525 is the sister method for gasoline. These methods utilize a new rapid small scale oxidation tester (RSSOT) named PetroOXY. Within the RSSOT’s test chamber, a 5 mL sample of fuel is combined with oxygen, at 700 kPa, and heated to 140°C. This initiates a fast oxidation whose results are determined by the time needed to achieve a pressure drop of 10 % in the system. Testing confirmed that the time needed to achieve the 10 % drop in pressure is directly related to the sample’s oxidation stability. The RSSOT-method is quicker than other actual methods evaluating the oxidation stability biodiesel, petroleum middle-distillates, and blends. Round-robins based upon this have been conducted in Europe and Japan.
The Application of Various Indicators for the Estimation of Carbonation and pH of Cement Based Materials
Authors: Yu Myoung-Youl , Lee Jae-Yong , Chung Chul-Woo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Carbonation decreases the pH of the concrete and breaks the passivity of reinforcing steel. Therefore, carbonation is related to potential rebar corrosion even though carbonation itself does not directly damage the integrity of the concrete. The phenolphthalein method, which is the most often used method of determining carbonation, however, has a reliability problem. Therefore, this research mainly focuses on the use of various indicators to find the possible substitutes for phenolphthalein. The early carbonation and pH of the carbonated specimen was also investigated using various indicators. It was found from the results that thymolphthalein was the best substitute for phenolphthalein, and a combination of phenolphthalein and thymolphthalein, tropaeolin O, and indigo carmine enabled us to estimate the early carbonation. This research also reported the successful application of various indicators which can be extended for the pH estimation of solid mortar specimen.
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Concrete with Different Coarse Aggregates–Texas Data
Authors: Lukefahr Elizabeth , Du Lianxiang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The first section of this paper summarizes the efforts of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to evaluate the coefficients of thermal expansion (COTEs) of a total of 93 concrete mixtures, of which the only difference is the coarse aggregate incorporated. The mean COTE value of siliceous gravel concrete is about 30 % higher than that of limestone concrete. The data in Texas shows that the upper 50 % COTE values of limestone concrete overlaps the lower 20 % COTE values of siliceous gravel concrete. The results strongly suggest that pre-qualification of coarse aggregate for typical paving concrete in aspect to COTE should be considered. A model by Emanuel and Hulsey is used to back calculate COTE of coarse aggregate. The second section of this article compares the COTE data set on existing pavement measured by Federal Highway Administration with those obtained at TxDOT concrete laboratory.