bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI‐driven drug discovery: Exploring Abaucin as a promising treatment against multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Awan Roshanay E. , Zainab Syeda , Yousuf Fizza J. , Mughal Sanila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study presents a comprehensive overview of a well‐recognized critical pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii and demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in discovering new antibiotics. It is well‐known for causing serious infections, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units, which is further compromised by bacterium's resistance to even last‐resort antibiotics like carbapenems, posing critical challenges in its treatment and eradication. This article discusses Abaucin, a revolutionary antibiotic created from artificial intelligence, as a creative and potential treatment for A. baumannii.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Science Direct, MEDLINE. Only articles written in English were considered. This correspondence was written after a thorough evaluation of all the articles that discussed Abaucin's discovery, potency against A. baumannii, and the potential of AI in discovering new antibiotics. In addition, references from the selected articles were also examined to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature.ResultsThis article highlights the discovery of a novel AI‐derived antibiotic, Abaucin that offers a promising solution for A. baumannii infections. Abaucin has a narrow range of action that minimizes the risk of inter‐pathogen spread of resistance, making the drug more appealing and effective. Its potential to suppress wound infections caused by multidrug‐resistant A. baumannii paves a hope for the eradication of superbugs. Further investigation and trials are needed to determine its effectiveness in human subjects and its integrity in the clinical workflow. machine learning (ML) and precision approach could revolutionize treatment strategies.ConclusionThe discovery of Abaucin as an antibiotic to combat drug‐resistant A. baumannii bacteria showcases AI and ML's potential to uncover novel antibiotics, thereby offering alternative treatment options. This novel inception of the AI‐derived antibiotic, Abaucin marks the first step in introducing an innovative treatment option and represents a substantial leap in the treatment of drug‐resistant illnesses and the use of AI in medical advancements.
Care burden and the predictive role of spiritual well‐being and religious coping: A cross sectional study among Iranian family caregivers of patients with stroke
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Hosseini Nezhad Fatemeh Sadat , Haji Mohammad Rahim Ali , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Bakhshiarab Amirheidar , Saeedi Maryam , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe burden of care after a stroke is gaining recognition as a significant healthcare issue. Factors like religion and spirituality, encompassing religious coping and spiritual health, prove to be influential in anticipating the challenges faced by caregivers. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between care burden, spiritual health, and religious coping among caregivers of stroke patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional research was conducted with the participation of 129 caregivers of stroke patients. The data was collected using the Ellison and Paloutzian spiritual well‐being instruments, Pargament Religious Coping (RCOPE) brief version, and the Zarit burden interview (ZBI). Through a census, participants were recruited for the investigation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate linear regression analysis).ResultsThe study results indicate a strong and statistically significant relationship between the burden of caring and spiritual health (p < 0.001,β = 0.33). Furthermore, specific variables were identified as indicators of an increased burden of care, including positive religious coping (p = 0.04,β = 0.63), the familial relationship between the caregiver and patient, specifically as a child (p = 0.001,β = 29.26), and a sister (p < 0.001,β = 35.93).ConclusionIt is advisable to consider adopting and implementing appropriate support measures for coping strategies rooted in religion and spirituality. So, it is recommended to enhance the provision of comprehensive support, including psychological and religious interventions. This can be achieved through the collaborative efforts of support groups comprising psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, and religious experts.
Impacts of habitat alteration on macroinvertebrates in large shallow lakes: An application of a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index
Authors: Li Mingjie , Cai Yongjiu , Zhang Ying , Carlson Peter E. , Dong Rui , Gong Zhijun , Zhang You , Li Kuanyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Habitat plays a crucial role in shaping the macroinvertebrate community structure in large shallow lakes. In the pursuit of improving the health of freshwater ecosystems, it is imperative to consider their habitat characteristics. To evaluate the impact of habitat variations on lake ecological health, we developed a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (MMI) for both the pelagic and littoral zones of Lake Hongze. Additionally, we employed structural equation models to explore the influence of utilization or phytoplankton biomass on ecological health. Historical data served as reference conditions for the pelagic. Seven key attributes were selected for the pelagic MMI, that is, Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), the percentage of Mollusca taxa, the percentage of filter-collector taxa, the percentage of predator taxa, the percentage of gather-collector taxa, and the percentage of sensitive taxa and functional dispersion. The least minimally disturbed conditions and the best attainable conditions were used to develop the littoral. Four key metrics, that is, the percentage of scraper abundance, Mollusca taxa, Biological Pollution Index, and BMWP, were integrated into the littoral MMI. The assessment based on MMI revealed a “poor” health status for the pelagic zone and a “fair” health status for the littoral zone. These findings underscore the high applicability and efficacy of MMIs in assessing and monitoring ecological health in Lake Hongze. Notably, functional feeding groups exhibited heightened sensitivity to disturbance in both zones. Moreover, sediment organic matter strongly influenced the pelagic ecological health, while chlorophyll a and transparency emerged as primary factors influencing the littoral zone, attributable to varying littoral zone utilization. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2245–2255. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
Functional feeding groups exhibited heightened sensitivity to disturbance in both zones. Sediment organic matter strongly influenced the pelagic ecological health, and the macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index in the littoral zone was more affected by water quality.
Water requirement and single and dual crop coefficients of sesame cultivated in the coastal tablelands of Brazil
Authors: da Silva Julianna Catonio , do Nascimento Araújo Júnior George , da Rocha Adolpho Emanuel Quintela , da Silva Thieres George Freire , de Oliveira Teodoro Iêdo Peroba , dos Santos José Wanderson Silva , dos Santos Márcio Aurélio Lins , Teodoro Iêdo , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , de Almeida Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral , dos Santos Almeida Alexsandro Claudio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSesame irrigation is essential in drought‐prone regions. However, information about the water needs of sesame is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the sesame crop coefficient (Kc) during the rainy (S1) and dry (S2) seasons in the coastal tablelands of Alagoas, Brazil. The BRS Seda cultivar was grown in Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil, between 2021 and 2022. A system with 25 drainage lysimeters was installed to estimate the daily and cumulative ETc and the Kc for the entire crop cycle. The ETc was partitioned into transpiration (T) and evaporation (E), and the basal crop coefficients (Kcb) and soil evaporation coefficients (Ke) were subsequently estimated. The daily and cumulative ETc were 3.04 mm day−1 and 450.4 mm cycle−1, respectively, in S1 and 3.52 mm day−1 and 440.1 mm cycle−1, respectively, in S2. Regardless of the season, T was the main water flux (74%–80% of the ETc). The mean values of Kc were similar for S1 (0.79) and S2 (0.75), and Kcb and Ke followed the same trend as T and E, respectively. The accumulated ETc and Kc of sesame cultivated in the coastal tablelands of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil, are similar for the rainy and dry seasons.
Hederagenol improves multiple sclerosis by modulating Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Guan Dongsheng , Li Yingxia , Zhao Xu , Wang Kun , Guo Yanke , Dong Ning , Cui Yinglin , Gao Yinghe , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Jing , Ren Yihan , Shang Penghui , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune illness that is difficult to treat. The upregulation of Th17 cells is critical in the pathological process of MS. Hederagenol (Hed) has been shown to lower IL‐17 levels, although its role in MS pathophysiology is uncertain. In this study, we explore whether Hed could ameliorate MS by modulating Th17 cell differentiation, with the goal of identifying new treatment targets for MS. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model was conducted and Hed was intraperitoneally injected into mice. The weight was recorded and the clinical symptom grade was assessed. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was carried out to determine the extent of inflammation in the spinal cord and liver. The luxol Fast Blue staining was performed to detect the pathological changes in the myelin sheath. Nerve damage was detected using NeuN immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling staining. Immunohistology approaches were used to study alterations in immune cells in the spinal cord. The proportions of T cell subsets in the spleens were analyzed by flow cytometry. RORγt levels were measured using quantitative real‐time PCR or Western blot. The activity of the RORγt promoter was analyzed by Chromatin immunoprecipitation. Hed administration reduced the clinical symptom grade of EAE mice, as well as the inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and cell disorder of the spinal cord, while having no discernible effect on the mouse weight. In addition, Hed treatment significantly reduced the number of T cells, particularly Th17 cells in the spinal cord and spleen‐isolated CD4+ T cells. Hed lowered the RORγt levels in spleens and CD4+ T cells and overexpression of RORγt reversed the inhibitory effect of Hed on Th17 differentiation. Hed decreased nerve injury by modulating Th17 differentiation through the RORγt promoter. Hed regulates Th17 differentiation by reducing RORγt promoter activity, which reduces nerve injury and alleviates EAE.
A survey of the treatment and management of ingrown toenails by UK podiatrists: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Exley Victoria , Jones Katherine , Watson Judith , Backhouse Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIngrown toenails are a common pathology. Although a range of conservative and surgical measures are widely used for this condition, little is known about their use in practice. This study explored current practice relating to the treatment or management of ingrown toenails by podiatrists in the UK.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) conducted between March to June 2020 was distributed to practicing podiatrists treating or managing ingrown toenails in the UK.ResultsA total of 396 practicing podiatrists responded (60.1% based in the private sector). The majority (88.6%) performed nail surgery most commonly (54.3%) less than five a month. Nearly all (95%) only performed nail avulsion with or without chemical matrixectomy, universally using phenol (97.2%). Application time and number of applications varied but was most commonly applied three times (61.5%) for a total of 3 minutes (75%). Aftercare varied considerably between public and private sectors, with public sectors offering fewer follow‐up appointments.ConclusionsAlthough there is a variation in clinical practice throughout the treatment pathway, almost all respondents offered nail avulsion with phenol matrixectomy, whereas very few provided incisional nail surgery. This data provides the most comprehensive description of how UK podiatrists conduct nail surgery for onychocryptosis.
PET‐MRI Applications and Future Prospects in Psychiatry
Authors: Zürcher Nicole R. , Chen Jingyuan E. , Wey Hsiao‐Ying 
Published: June 2024

This article reviews the synergistic application of positron emission tomography‐magnetic resonance imaging (PET‐MRI) in neuroscience with relevance for psychiatry, particularly examining neurotransmission, epigenetics, and dynamic imaging methodologies. We begin by discussing the complementary insights that PET and MRI modalities provide into neuroreceptor systems, with a focus on dopamine, opioids, and serotonin receptors, and their implications for understanding and treating psychiatric disorders. We further highlight recent PET‐MRI studies using a radioligand that enables the quantification of epigenetic enzymes, specifically histone deacetylases, in the brain in vivo. Imaging epigenetics is used to exemplify the impact the quantification of novel molecular targets may have, including new treatment approaches for psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss innovative designs involving functional PET using [18F]FDG (fPET‐FDG), which provides detailed information regarding dynamic changes in glucose metabolism. Concurrent acquisitions of fPET‐FDG and functional MRI provide a time‐resolved approach to studying brain function, yielding simultaneous metabolic and hemodynamic information and thereby opening new avenues for psychiatric research. Collectively, the review underscores the potential of a multimodal PET‐MRI approach to advance our understanding of brain structure and function in health and disease, which could improve clinical care based on objective neurobiological features and treatment response monitoring.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Phytochemical investigation and characterisation of methanolic extract of Glycine max seeds using LCMS/MS and in silico studies for wound healing activity
Authors: Sahu Madhusmita , Kamakshi  , Sahoo Jyotirmaya , Swain Sudhansu Ranjan , Chauhan Manisha , Goyal Riya , Gupta Sakshi , Kaur Komalpreet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune‐active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐hypercholesterolaemic, anti‐diabetic, oestrogenic, anti‐hyperlipidaemic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti‐osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti‐skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti‐photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT‐IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents.
Optimization of process parameters of refractance window drying for aonla slices and comparison with other drying techniques
Authors: Lalita  , Giri Saroj Kumar , Mohapatra Debabandya , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Kate Adinath , Wahid Aseeya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKROUNDAonla is as a good source of antioxidants due to its high ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents. However, because of its high acidity and astringent taste, aonla is rarely consumed in its fresh form. As the constituents in aonla are heat sensitive, it is essential to find a suitable drying method for preservation. Therefore, refractance window drying (RWD) of aonla slices was studied as it has the potential of retaining heat‐sensitive compounds.ResultsThe effect of RWD process variables, namely water temperature (75, 82.5, 90 °C) and slice thickness (2, 4, 6 mm), on different quality parameters of dehydrated aonla was studied. Increasing water temperature resulted in significantly higher ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity and product temperature, while total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and moisture content decreased. With the exception of product temperature, higher slice thickness led to an increase in the values of all the parameters. At the optimized processing conditions of 83 °C water temperature and 4 mm slice thickness, the ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, titratable acidity and moisture content values were found to be 269.03 mg (100 g)−1, 242.33 mg (100 g)−1, 87.11%, 3.62% and 4% respectively. The aonla slices subjected to RWD also possessed 4–6% higher phytochemical content than osmotically dried and hot‐air‐dried samples.ConclusionThis research highlights the effectiveness of RWD in preserving heat‐sensitive compounds in food like aonla. The RW‐dried slices had a smoother and more uniform microstructure compared to osmotically dried and hot‐air‐dried samples. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chiral Organic Cations and Distorted Inorganic Polyhedra Composing Metal Halide Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Liu Kunjie , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) exhibit a rich structural diversity and excellent semiconductor properties, making them attractive candidates in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). Second harmonic generation, as an important NLO property, imposes strict symmetry constraints, requiring noncentrosymmetric structures. Currently, a key task in the NLO field is to design noncentrosymmetric structures for OIMHs and explore the relationship between structure and NLO performance. This will help further optimize the application of OIMHs in NLO materials. The design of noncentrosymmetric structures for OIMHs can be facilitated by the use of chiral organic cations or distorted inorganic polyhedra, both of which induce structural features that favor noncentrosymmetry. The NLO properties of OIMHs are summarized the relationship between structure and performance is analyzed, and the research directions in the field of NLO for these materials are further elaborated.
Gift giving in the age of AI: The role of social closeness in using AI gift recommendation tools
Authors: Fu Yuxin , Dose David B. , Dimitriu Radu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFirms increasingly employ artificial intelligence (AI) gift recommendation tools to assist consumers with their gift choices. Yet, a notable gap exists in understanding consumers’ responses to AI recommendations in a gift giving context. Through five studies, we found that social closeness between the giver and recipient significantly affects the use of AI gift recommendation tools, driven by two underlying mechanisms: expected relational signaling and preference matching. In addition to establishing these effects, this research identifies relevant boundary conditions. Our findings reveal that self‐oriented perfectionism increases preference matching for gifts to distant friends, while revealing the giver's identity boosts AI tool use for close friends by reducing relational signaling expectations. Additionally, AI tools capable of turn‐taking enhance preference matching and AI tool use, especially for gifts to close friends. Our findings advance the understanding of how and why social closeness influences givers’ utilization of AI gift recommendation tools and offer valuable insights for practitioners on designing these tools more effectively, considering the nuances of social relationships.
Nitriles as Functionalization and Coupling Agents for Polyolefins Obtained by Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Desgranges Ariane , Jean‐Baptiste‐dit‐Dominique François , Ngo Robert , D'Agosto Franck , Boisson Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of ethylene and its copolymerization with 1,3‐butadiene is conducted in toluene at 80 °C using a combination of {(Me2Si(C13H8)2)Nd(μ‐BH4)[(μ‐BH4)Li(THF)]}2 (1) metal complex and various organomagnesium compounds used as chain transfer agents including n‐butyl‐n‐octyl‐magnesium (BOMAG), n‐butyl‐mesityl‐magnesium (n‐BuMgMes), n‐butyl‐magnesium chloride (n‐BuMgCl), n‐pentyl‐magnesium bromide (n‐C5H11MgBr), pentanediyl‐1,5‐di(magnesium bromide) (PDMB) and isobutyl‐magnesium chloride (i‐BuMgCl). Kinetics and performance in terms of control of the (co)polymerization are comparatively discussed particularly considering the presence of ether and the nature of the organomagnesium compounds employed. Taking advantage of the well‐known reactivity between nitrile and molecular organomagnesium compounds, the functionalization of the chains is further carried out by deactivation of the polymerization medium with benzonitrile or methoxybenzonitrile compounds leading to ketone ω‐functionalized chains. The success of the functionalizations is extended to coupling strategies using dinitrile reagents and to the functionalization of high molar mass ethylene butadiene rubber (EBR).
A novel circPIK3C2A/miR‐31‐5p/TFRC axis drives ferroptosis and accelerates myocardial injury
Authors: Miao Shuo , Yang Lanting , Xu Tao , Liu Zhantao , Zhang Yixiao , Ding Lin , Ding Wei , Ao Xiang , Wang Jianxun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIron overload is common in cardiovascular disease, it is also the factor that drives ferroptosis. Noncoding RNAs play an important role in heart disease; however, their regulatory role in iron overload‐mediated ferroptosis remains much unknown. In our study, the iron overload model in mice was constructed through a high‐iron diet, and ammonium iron citrate treatment was used to mimic iron overload in vitro. We found iron overload induced ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, which was dependent on the high expression of transferrin receptor (TFRC). MiR‐31‐5p was downregulated during iron overload; it inhibited cardiomyocyte ferroptosis by targeting TFRC. CircPIK3C2A, a highly expressed circRNA in the heart, was upregulated when iron was overloaded. CircPIK3C2A enhanced the expression of TFRC by sponging miR‐31‐5p and promoted ferroptosis during iron overload. Our results reveal a novel mechanistic insight into noncoding RNA‐based ferroptosis and identify the circPIK3C2A/miR‐31‐5p/TFRC axis as a promising therapeutic target for myocardial damage.