bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI of the wrist at 7 tesla using an eight‐channel array coil combined with parallel imaging: Preliminary results
Authors: Chang Gregory , Friedrich Klaus M. , Wang Ligong , Vieira Renata L.R. , Schweitzer Mark E. , Recht Michael P. , Wiggins Graham C. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To determine the feasibility of performing MRI of the wrist at 7 Tesla (T) with parallel imaging and to evaluate how acceleration factors (AF) affect signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and image quality.Materials and Methods:This study had institutional review board approval. A four‐transmit eight‐receive channel array coil was constructed in‐house. Nine healthy subjects were scanned on a 7T whole‐body MR scanner. Coronal and axial images of cartilage and trabecular bone micro‐architecture (3D‐Fast Low Angle Shot (FLASH) with and without fat suppression, repetition time/echo time = 20 ms/4.5 ms, flip angle = 10°, 0.169–0.195 × 0.169–0.195 mm, 0.5–1 mm slice thickness) were obtained with AF 1, 2, 3, 4. T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE), proton density‐weighted FSE, and multiple‐echo data image combination (MEDIC) sequences were also performed. SNR and CNR were measured. Three musculoskeletal radiologists rated image quality. Linear correlation analysis and paired t‐tests were performed.Results:At higher AF, SNR and CNR decreased linearly for cartilage, muscle, and trabecular bone (r < −0.98). At AF 4, reductions in SNR/CNR were:52%/60% (cartilage), 72%/63% (muscle), 45%/50% (trabecular bone). Radiologists scored images with AF 1 and 2 as near‐excellent, AF 3 as good‐to‐excellent (P = 0.075), and AF 4 as average‐to‐good (P = 0.11).Conclusion:It is feasible to perform high resolution 7T MRI of the wrist with parallel imaging. SNR and CNR decrease with higher AF, but image quality remains above‐average. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:740–746. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a signal‐inducing bone cement for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wichlas Florian , Bail J. Hermann , Seebauer Christian J. , Schilling Rene , Pflugmacher Robert , Pinkernelle Jens , Rump Jens , Streitparth Florian , Teichgräber K.M. Ulf 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop a signal‐inducing bone cement for musculoskeletal procedures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:Acrylic resins were mixed with contrast agents (CAs) and water. We determined the ideal concentration of the components and assessed feasibility in cadaveric bones in an open high‐field MR scanner. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in air and bone was evaluated and mechanical tests were achieved. We determined the amount of water that was not incorporated and measured the amount of CA released with photometric analysis. The cement was analyzed microscopically.Results:Preparation and application of the CA‐water‐cement compound was feasible and its differentiation in MRI was clear. The maximal CNRair had a value of 157.5 (SD 18.3) in an interventional fast T1W turbo‐spin echo (TSE) sequence. The compressive strength decreased with the amount of water added. Although nearly 50% of the water added was not incorporated in the cement, the CNR was sufficient for cement detection. The threshold for systemic toxicity of delivered CA was not reached and the microscopic analysis showed water bubbles in the cement.Conclusion:A signal‐inducing bone cement is feasible for the use in MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:636–644. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer detection with 3 T MRI: Comparison of diffusion‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in combination with T2‐weighted imaging
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Kaji Yasushi , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yoshida Ken‐ichiro , Suganuma Narufumi , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the diagnostic ability of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (DCEI) in combination with T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) for the detection of prostate cancer using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a phased‐array body coil.Materials and Methods:Fifty‐three patients with elevated serum levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated by T2WI, DWI, and DCEI prior to needle biopsy. The obtained data from T2WI alone (protocol A), a combination of T2WI and DWI (protocol B), a combination T2WI and DCEI (protocol C), and a combination of T2WI plus DWI and DCEI (protocol D) were subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results:The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (Az) for region‐based analysis were: 61%, 91%, 84%, and 0.8415, respectively, in protocol A; 76%, 94%, 90%, and 0.8931, respectively, in protocol B; 77%, 93%, 89%, and 0.8655, respectively, in protocol C; and 81%, 96%, 92%, and 0.8968, respectively in protocol D. ROC analysis revealed significant differences between protocols A and B (P = 0.0008) and between protocols A and D (P = 0.0004).Conclusion:In patients with elevated PSA levels the combination of T2WI, DWI, DCEI using 3 T MRI may be a reasonable approach for the detection of prostate cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:625–631. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of tumor blood flow in breast tumors with T1‐dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR Imaging: Impact of dose reduction and the use of a prebolus technique on diagnostic efficacy
Authors: Makkat Smitha , Luypaert Robert , Sourbron Steven , Stadnik Tadeusz , De Mey Johan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively evaluate whether dose reduction and the application of a prebolus technique can effectively alleviate signal saturation effects in T1 dynamic contrast enhanced (T1‐DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in breast tumors and lead to increased diagnostic efficacy of the regional tumor blood flow (TBF) values obtained with deconvolution of T1‐DCE MRI data.Materials and Methods:After obtaining informed consent, 23 women (32–80 years) with histologically proven breast tumors underwent MR mammography that included a whole‐breast T1 DCE sequence. In the slice where the tumor enhanced maximally, a prebolus protocol was applied. One mL of Gd‐DTPA solution at 2 mL/s was injected at the beginning of a dynamic axial single slice inversion‐prepared turbo field echo acquisition. At the 400th dynamic, a high dose of either 20 mL (15 patients) or 10 mL (8 patients) of contrast agent was injected at 2 mL/s and a further 400 dynamics were acquired. From the aortic prebolus curve an arterial input function (AIF) was reconstructed by time‐shifting and adding the prebolus data. The relative enhancement time course from the tumor region of interest was deconvolved with the reconstructed AIF to generate the impulse response function, the maximum of which yielded the TBF. The institutional ethical committee approved the study.Results:Reducing the contrast dose by a factor of 2 led to an increase in diagnostic contrast for the TBF values of malignant and benign tumors by a factor of slightly more than 2. Addition of the prebolus technique improved this further by 45%. receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a significant increase of diagnostic yield related to the combined use of a prebolus and minimal dose.Conclusion:Using a prebolus approach provides an estimate of the unsaturated AIF, while reduction of the high‐dose bolus minimizes possible saturation effects in the tumor time course. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:556–561. ©2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential diagnosis of mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions on diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Partridge Savannah C. , DeMartini Wendy B. , Kurland Brenda F. , Eby Peter R. , White Steven W. , Lehman Constance D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the diagnostic performance of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions.Materials and Methods:The study included 91 women with 118 breast lesions (91 benign, 12 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS], 15 invasive carcinoma) initially detected on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and assigned BI‐RADS category 3, 4, or 5. DWI was acquired with b = 0 and 600 s/mm2. Lesion visibility was assessed on DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared between malignancies, benign lesions, and normal (no abnormal enhancement on DCE‐MRI) breast tissue, and the diagnostic performance of DWI was assessed based on ADC thresholding.Results:Twenty‐four of 27 (89%) malignant and 74/91 (81%) benign lesions were hyperintense on the b = 600 s/mm2diffusion‐weighted images. Both DCIS (1.33 ± 0.19 × 10−3mm2/s) and invasive carcinomas (1.30 ± 0.27 × 10−3mm2/s) were lower in ADC than benign lesions (1.71 ± 0.43 × 10−3mm2/s;P< 0.001), and each lesion type was lower in ADC than normal tissue (1.90 ± 0.38 × 10−3mm2/s,P≤ 0.001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77, and sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 55%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 39%, and negative predictive value (NPV) = 98% for an ADC threshold of 1.60 × 10−3mm2/s.Conclusion:Many mammographically and clinically occult breast carcinomas were visibly hyperintense on diffusion‐weighted images, and ADC enabled differentiation from benign lesions. Further studies evaluating DWI while blinded to DCE‐MRI are necessary to assess the potential of DWI as a noncontrast breast screening technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;1:562–570. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic vascular flow measurements by phase contrast MRI and doppler echography: A comparative and reproducibility study
Authors: Yzet Thierry , Bouzerar Roger , Allart Jean‐Dominique , Demuynck Fabien , Legallais Cécile , Robert Brice , Deramond Hervé , Meyer Marc‐Etienne , Balédent Olivier 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To directly compare and study the variability of parameters related to hepatic blood flow measurements using 3 T phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) and Doppler ultrasound (US).Materials and Methods:Nine healthy subjects were studied. Blood velocities and flow rate measurements were performed in the portal vein and the proper hepatic artery. MR studies were performed using a 3 T imager. Gradient‐echo fast phase contrast sequences were used with both cardiac and respiratory gating. MR and Doppler flow parameters were extracted and compared. Two methods of calculation were used for Doppler flow rate analysis.Results:Compared to Doppler US, PC‐MRI largely underestimated hepatic flow data with lower variability and higher reproducibility. This reproducibility was more pronounced in the portal vein than in the proper hepatic artery associated with poorer velocity correlations. Total hepatic flow values were 1239 ± 223 mL/min and 1595 ± 521 mL/min for PC‐MRI and Doppler US, respectively.Conclusion:Free‐breathing PC‐MRI can provide reliable noninvasive measurement of hepatic flow parameters compared to Doppler US. The MR technique could help to improve Doppler flow calculations, thereby allowing standardization of protocols, particularly for applications in disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:579–588. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minute amounts of intraarticular gas mimicking torn discoid lateral menisci
Authors: Jordanov Martin I. , Block John J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPresented are two cases of minute amounts of vacuum phenomena within the central portion of the lateral compartments of two knee joints, mimicking torn discoid lateral menisci. In each case, only the gradient echo images were able to correctly characterize the minute quantities of intraarticular gas by demonstrating “blooming” magnetic susceptibility artifact. The signal characteristics of the intraarticular gas were identical to those of fibrocartilage on all of the remaining routine, fast spin echo, “sports protocol” magnetic resonance imaging sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:698–702. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved multimodality imaging using alginate molding in xenograft tumor models
Authors: Strobel Klaus , Bergmann Ralf , Meister Sebastian , van den Hoff Joerg , Pietzsch Jens 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To allow for reproducible rodent positioning using molding in multimodal tomographic imaging (positron emission tomography [PET], magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy [MRI/MRS]), minimization of magnetic field inhomogeneity during MRI investigations of peripheral structures, and reproducible positioning for subsequent histological sectioning of the separated tumor.Materials and Methods:Chemical shift imaging (CSI) studies were carried out using phantoms and NMRI nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous tumors. For embedding, three different materials were used: 1) alginate, 2) gelatin, and 3) a mixture of wheat flour and salt. The animals were placed in an animal chamber including position markers visible by MRI and PET. The frozen embedded explanted tumors were sliced and examined autoradiographically as well as histologically.Results:Alginate showed a substantial improvement of magnetic field homogeneity and histological sectioning was superior to the other methods. This embedding led to a significant reduction of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the water peak in the peripheral rim of the tumor in comparison to the same peak FWHM without embedding (41 ± 10 Hz vs. 80 ± 20 Hz).Conclusion:Our research shows that animal positioning in an imaging chamber together with alginate embedding allows high‐quality multimodality investigations including coregistration of MRI/MRS, PET, and histological images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:747–752. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Machine learning study of several classifiers trained with texture analysis features to differentiate benign from malignant soft‐tissue tumors in T1‐MRI images
Authors: Juntu Jaber , Sijbers Jan , De Backer Steve , Rajan Jeny , Van Dyck Dirk 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To study, from a machine learning perspective, the performance of several machine learning classifiers that use texture analysis features extracted from soft‐tissue tumors in nonenhanced T1‐MRI images to discriminate between malignant and benign tumors.Materials and Methods:Texture analysis features were extracted from the tumor regions from T1‐MRI images of clinically proven cases of 49 malignant and 86 benign soft‐tissue tumors. Three conventional machine learning classifiers were trained and tested. The best classifier was compared to the radiologists by means of the McNemar's statistical test.Results:The SVM classifier performs better than the neural network and the C4.5 decision tree based on the analysis of their receiver operating curves (ROC) and cost curves. The classification accuracy of the SVM, which was 93% (91% specificity; 94% sensitivity), was better than the radiologist classification accuracy of 90% (92% specificity; 81% sensitivity).Conclusion:Machine learning classifiers trained with texture analysis features are potentially valuable for detecting malignant tumors in T1‐MRI images. Analysis of the learning curves of the classifiers showed that a training data size smaller than 100 T1‐MRI images is sufficient to train a machine learning classifier that performs as well as expert radiologists. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:680–689. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of ferucarbotran‐enhanced fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery echo‐planar, T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo, T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo, and diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging for detection of malignant liver lesions
Authors: Fukukura Yoshihiko , Kamiyama Takuro , Takumi Koji , Shindo Toshikazu , Higashi Ryutaro , Nakajo Masayuki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare the diagnostic accuracy of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery echo‐planar imaging (FLAIR EPI) for malignant liver tumors with that of T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo (TSE), T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo (GRE), and diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (DW EPI).Materials and Methods:SPIO‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that included FLAIR EPI, T2‐weighted TSE, T2*‐weighted GRE, and DW EPI sequences was performed using a 3 T system in 54 consecutive patients who underwent surgical exploration with intraoperative ultrasonography. A total of 88 malignant liver tumors were evaluated. Images were reviewed independently by two blinded observers who used a 5‐point confidence scale to identify lesions. Results were correlated with results of histopathologic findings and surgical exploration with intraoperative ultrasonography. The accuracy of each MRI sequence was measured with jackknife alternative free‐response receiver operating characteristic analysis. The sensitivity of each observer with each MRI sequence was compared with McNemar's test.Results:Accuracy values were significantly higher with FLAIR EPI sequence (0.93) than with T2*‐weighted GRE (0.80) or DW EPI sequences (0.80) (P < 0.05). Sensitivity was significantly higher with the FLAIR EPI sequence than with any of the other sequences.Conclusion:SPIO‐enhanced FLAIR EPI sequence was more accurate in the diagnosis of malignant liver tumors than T2*‐weighted GRE and DW EPI sequences. SPIO‐enhanced FLAIR EPI sequence is helpful for the detection of malignant liver tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:607–616. ©2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐small cell lung carcinoma of the superior sulcus: The evolution of treatment outcomes with multimodality treatment at a single institution
Authors: Tagawa Tetsuzo , Osoegawa Atsushi , Yamazaki Koji , Okamoto Tatsuro , Kometani Takuro , Wataya Hiroshi , Seto Takashi , Fukuyama Seiichi , Hirai Fumihiko , Sugio Kenji , Ichinose Yukito 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the efficacy of the multimodality approach in treating superior sulcus non‐small cell lung carcinoma (SS NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of 57 patients with SS NSCLC who were treated at our institution between 1982 and 2007.ResultsDuring the study period, 3‐ and 5‐year survival increased significantly from 42.6% and 42.6% in the first half of the study period (1982–1994) to 72.7% and 65.4% in the second half (1995–2007), respectively. Methods of clinical staging were unchanged between the two time periods, although the ratio of adenocarcinoma was increased, and multimodality treatment, particularly concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection, was used more frequently in the second half of the study period. The 5‐year survival of patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (n = 27) was better than that of those who received other treatment regimen with surgery (n = 22, 64.6% vs. 49.6%; P = 0.044). Five‐year survival in patients with complete resection after chemoradiotherapy was 70.4%. Thirteen patients (48%) achieved a pathologic complete response or minimal microscopic disease.ConclusionsMultimodality treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery appears to contribute to improved outcomes over time in patients with SS NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:495–499. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiosarcoma developing in a non‐functioning arteriovenous fistula post‐renal transplant
Authors: Qureshi Yassar A. , Strauss Dirk C. , Thway Khin , Fisher Cyril , Thomas J. Meirion 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundAngiosarcomas comprise less than 1% of all sarcomas, arising from endothelial cells of blood or lymph vessels. Chronic immunosuppression increases the risk of many malignancies and an association between the development of angiosarcoma with an immunosuppressed state is established. A few cases have been reported of angiosarcomas arising in the post‐renal transplant patient. Specifically, there have been six cases of an angiosarcoma arising in arteriovenous (AV) fistulae in this patient population. We describe a further case and review the relevant literature with specific emphasis on a possible mechanism for the development of angiosarcoma in the post‐transplant patient.Case PresentationWe report the case of a 48‐year‐old male who developed an angiosarcoma in a ligated native AV fistula. The lesion arose on the background of immunosuppression following a successful ABO‐incompatible renal transplant for chronic renal failure.ConclusionAngiosarcomas are extremely rare tumours but should be considered as a differential diagnosis for an evolving mass near the site of an AV fistula. Diagnosis relies on an index of suspicion and obtaining a definitive histological diagnosis. Both clinicians and patients should be aware that an evolving mass within or around an AV fistula should prompt urgent biopsy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:520–523. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PIM‐1 gene RNA interference induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and suppresses tumor progression in vivo
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zhang Xiaoguang , Ding Kejia , Yang Kuo , Zhang Zhihong , Xu Yong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to investigate the roles of PIM‐1 in prostate cancer (CaP) cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to assess the potential of PIM‐1 as a target for CaP therapy.MethodsUsing RNAi technology, we knocked down the expression of PIM‐1 in PC‐3 cell. After siRNA transfection, cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis rate were analyzed. PIM‐1 siRNA with Lipofectamine were injected into xenograft models to evaluate its therapeutic effect.ResultsPIM‐1 siRNA significantly inhibited PIM‐1 expression. In vitro, silencing of the PIM‐1 gene resulted in irregular cell morphology, decreased cell proliferation, inhibition of cell‐cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis. Compared with control groups, intratumoral injection of PIM‐1 siRNA with Lipofectamine in nude mice dramatically suppressed PC‐3 tumor progression.ConclusionsPIM‐1 could play important roles in the progression of CaP and may be an interesting target for CaP therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:513–519. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil erosion and hydrological response to land abandonment in a central inland area of Portugal
Authors: Nunes A. N. , Coelho C. O. A. , de Almeida A. C. , Figueiredo A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of land abandonment on runoff and sediment yield in a central inland area of Portugal. Rainfall simulation experiments were performed in areas of traditional land use (land cultivated with cereals) with various types of soil plant cover associated with the period of abandonment (4–5 years, 15–20 years and 30–40 years) in two different seasons, namely under very dry conditions and after a long wet period.Statistical analysis showed a notable difference between the cultivated soils and those abandoned for a long period of time, which included appreciable vegetation recovery, higher organic matter content and negligible overland flow and soil loss. Cereal cultivation, in particular ploughing, is a very negative land management practice, due to the high runoff and soil loss. Within 4–5 years a crust develops over abandoned soils with sparse herbaceous plant cover, particularly after a dry season, which enhances runoff and sediment yield. In scrubland and oak plots, although marked water repellency was registered at the end of a dry, warm season, its influence seems to be irrelevant in terms of overland flow and erosion yield. The major factor in controlling overland flow and reducing soil erosion rates appears to be the role played by vegetation in protecting the soil surface and supplying organic carbon to the top layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.