bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of ERP implementation in Indian SMEs
Authors: Kale P.T. , Banwait S.S. , Laroiya S.C. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out whether and how Indian small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are benefiting because of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, through survey‐based research. This will help other SMEs take appropriate decisions about ERP implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe research is exploratory in nature, a survey methodology is used for study and it is cross‐checked with the personal interviews of the key personnel in the SMEs and the ERP vendors. A structured questionnaire was developed to get the information.FindingsThe survey of 130 SMEs in one of the industrially advanced cities reveals that most of them have implemented ERP to integrate the existing information system and found ERP implementation mainly beneficial in reducing inventory, improving customer services and improving communications. Top management support, and user involvement and participation are found to be the major contributors of ERP success.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is targeted on SMEs in one part of India and hence it has limitations in terms of scope. However, the results are quite encouraging with very good response from the SMEs, though the industry‐institute interactions are not so strong. Other SMEs, planning to implement ERP in the near future, will be highly benefited from the performance evaluation of ERP in Indian SMEs.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates how Indian SMEs have benefited from ERP implementation. The findings will encourage Indian SMEs to implement ERP when facing challenges of the competitive market.
Maximising compensation: organisational level and industry gender composition effects
Authors: Adams Susan M. , Gupta Atul , Leeth John D. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in compensation related to gender concentrations among industries at different organisation levels of management to identify gender‐based patterns of compensation at the macro level not investigated in previous studies that simply suggest industry or occupational differences. Findings provide guidance for selection processes, career path management for maximising compensation and policy‐making.Design/methodology/approachData from the Current Population Surveys and the Standard and Poor's ExecuComp database were used to examine differences in compensation of managers and top executives.FindingsFindings suggest that men and women must seek different paths and endpoints to optimize compensation. Maximising compensation for women requires working as a minority and changing industries. Men, on the other hand, may work in male‐dominated industries at every level or may move to female‐dominated industries at the managerial and executive levels and still receive equitable pay.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper was conducted on a USA sample so further research should examine data from other countries.Practical implicationsIn practice, this paper suggests that men and women must seek different paths and endpoints to optimize compensation. Human resource managers should be aware of these potential biases and try to rectify them within their organisations through the use of appropriate selection and compensation practices. At the macro‐level, policy‐makers can identify patterns of inequity to address.Originality/valueGender‐related difference studies of compensation offer little understanding about how to maximise compensation during one's management career as it progresses through management levels and across industries.
Economic freedom and sovereign credit ratings and default risk
Authors: Roychoudhury Saurav , Lawson Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that economic policy impacts sovereign debt risk in addition to economic performance.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis was employed to determine the factors that contribute to sovereign bond ratings and bond spreads for a sample of 93 countries from 2000 to 2006.FindingsAfter controlling for common factors like per capita gross domestic production, growth, and political regime, the results suggest that a two unit (or a 2.4 standard deviation) drop in the economic freedom index represents approximately a 50 percent higher cost of borrowing for a country.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the empirical literature on sovereign credit risk by identifying factors found to be the most significant in determining sovereign credit ratings and bond spreads.
THE COMMERCIAL UNDERCLAYS OF INDIANA*
Authors: Whitlatch George I. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe commercial underclays of Indiana are used extensively in the manufacture of heavy clay products in that State; the use of native underclays for making pottery and refractories has been comparatively limited. Field and laboratory data relating to those underclays now being utilized by the clay plants of the State are summarized. The data, for the most part, are based upon field observations and laboratory tests made by the writer. The underclays are discussed with reference to their stratigraphical occurrences, physical characteristics in the outcrop, and physical properties as determined in the laboratory by chemical analyses and fire tests. The data selected for each underclay horizon are representative of the average quality of the clay used commercially from that horizon. Brief mention is made also of the qualities of underclays in horizons other than those being utilized a t the present time.
SOME NOTES ON THE NATURE OF CLAY, II*
Authors: Norton F. H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe drying shrinkage curves were accurately determined for a number of clays Some clays show a secondary shrinkage and Other finely divided The shrink and other finely divided substances. others do not. The latter are generally the less plastic ones. Other finely divided materials beside clay may show considerable plasticity, e.g., ferric oxide. age curves give an insight into the nature of the surface film on the clay particles.
REFINING OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST KAOLINS BY AIR FLOTATION*
Authors: Wilson Hewitt , Cunliffe Jack A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPreliminary tests were made of various types of grinding and pneumatic systems to separate the kaolin, mica, and quartz components of kaolin rock in comparison with water‐washing tests. It was found best to remove the coarse quartz and mica as completely as possible in the grinding compartment and to use pneumatics for the separation of the finest particles. Pulverization of kaolin rock increased the quartz and mica content of the purified kaolin even with the best methods of pneumatic separation.
THE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF PORCELAIN: THE INFLUENCE OF POROSITY*
Authors: Monack A. J. , Smith R.K. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis work utilized the samples used by Monack, Shardlow, and Wamsley in previous experiments.1 Between cones 7 and 10, the dielectric strength was found to be inversely proportional to the per cent apparent porosity. Between cones 10 and 15 the dielectric strength increased gradually while the apparent porosity remained essentially zero. No relation existed between dielectric strength and total porosity (open and closed pores). Overfiring does not seem to decrease the dielectric strength unless a definite vesicular structure is developed.
RAPID FIRING OF SEMIPORCELAIN*
Authors: Rubson J. T. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSome of the factors limiting the firing cycle of semiporcelain ware arc listed. Satisfactory seven‐inch bisque, eight high, was obtained with a complete firing cycle of 15 1/2 hours. Satisfactory glost was obtained with a complete firing cycle of 8 1/2 hours.
THE USE OF AUXILIARY FLUXES IN DINNERWARE BODIES*
Authors: Loomis George A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA plant and laboratory study was made of the use of frits as auxiliary fluxes in dinnerware bodies. The frits were addcd to a commercial earthenware body. Seven‐inch plates of thesc bodies were jiggered, fired, and glazed a t the pottery.Some practical difficulties encountered were as follows: (1) Due to the progressive solubility of the frits, even when this solubility was slight and only 2 to 4% of the frit was used, the slip was deflocculated and the plasticity of the body was destroyed. This trouble apparently was overcome by using a slight excess of hydrochloric acid in the body slip. (2) The ware of the bodies containing frit warped more than the normal body, especially in the glost fire.Results of tests of the slips, bodies, and ware are presented.
THE ACTION OF WASTE‐WOOD ASH ON REFRACTORIES*
Authors: Skinner Kenneth G. , Field Norman L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA description is given of several industrial waste‐wood furnaces with auxiliary oil‐firing equipment to show the types of installations and the slagged areas. In the tests, wood ash from industrial furnaces was blown onto panels of various refractories which had been heated in an oil flame. Chemical analyses and properties of the brick tested, the waste‐wood ash, the slags from industrial furnaces, and the test furnace are given. All of the refractories suffered in this high lime‐alkali slag, but silicon carbide gave the best resistance. Thee tests indicated that the absorption of the fireclay and diaspore types of brick was more important in their resistance than the alumina‐silica ratio. Petrographic studies of the slag‐brick interface showed the presence of mullite in all of the fireclay, kaolin, and diaspore brick.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF REFRACTORIES UNDER OPERATING CONDITIONS*
Authors: Heilman R. H. , Bradley R. S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe thermal conductivity of six brands of refractories was measured under conditions somewhat similar to actual operating practice. The inside dimensions of the test furnace were approximately 6 by 8 by 10 feet, and the test panels were approximately 3 by 3 feet and 101/2 inches thick.Conductivity curves, temperature gradients, and part of test log are given. The refractories tested were magnesite, silica, chrome, Mexko, Mizzou, and Kruzite brick.
CHIPS, FISH SCALES, AND SHINERS, IV
Authors: Zapffe C. A. , Yarne J. L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe effusion of hydrogen from enameled steel to cause fractures in the enamel was investigated in an attempt to show that this gas may cause defects that range from plate‐like fractures, or “chips,” through the known types of fish scales to the most minute shiner. The difference in the appearance of these defects was found to depend principally on differences in (1) the physical properties of the enamel, (2) the metal‐enamel bond, and (3) the rate, quantity, and localization of the hydrogen effusion.Reboiling is shown to be related to fish scaling and to the other fracture‐type defects because all are primarily hydrogen functions. The principal source of the critical quantities of hydrogen necessary to cause the defects is often found in the water of hydration in the dried slip, and the injection of hydrogen by that water during firing is demonstrated by experiment just as was shown for blister‐type defects (see this issue, pp. 180‐90).The prevention of fracture‐type defects is discussed, and some novel effects of protective surface oxidation are illustrated.
REFRACTORY CERAMIC BASE COATS FOR METAL*
Authors: Plankenhorn W.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRefractory ceramic base coatings were formulated and developed for application to ingot iron, low‐carbon steel, and alloy metals. Mill additions to increase the effectiveness of the coatings produced from various frit glasses were studied. Diaspore proved to be the most desirable of the materials considered. The formulation of special frit glasses was undertaken to further increase the refractoriness and heat‐resistant properties of ceramic coatings. The effects of changes in the base composition and the inclusion of various refractory materials was investigated. Tests for the evaluation of the coatings are listed with a summary of the results obtained. Metal preparation and procedures are described. Sandblasting is the recommended method of preparing metals for coating. Results of service tests are discussed. The important part that ceramics can play in aeronautics is pointed out.
Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Major Histocompatibility System
Authors: SACHS J. A. , STERIOFF S. , ROBINETTE M. , WOLF E. , GURRY H. L. F. , FESTENSTEIN H. 
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this investigation was to see whether or not the hypothetical disease susceptibility locus to ankylosing spondylitis is linked to the MLC determinant 27a. Firstly, we discovered a strong MLC determinant which we called 27a because of its association with the second series specificity W27. Later, we found that this determinant was the same as that which Jorgensen et al. (1973) found to be associated with the second series specificity W5. These MLC determinants may, therefore, be in linkage disequilibrium with more than one HL–A specificity (in this case, of the second series) as previously described by Dupont et al. (1973). However, we found no association between 27a and ankylosing spondylitis.On the other hand, we confirmed the association of ankylosing spondylitis with W27 and also found an increase of HL–A2 of the first series which, however, was not statistically significant. In view of the high incidence of HL–A2 in the general population, more information is required to definitely establish such an association. We found no special association with specificities A J and Hu (Sa 532), third series antigens, but confirmed their linkage disequilibrium with W27.Disease predisposition loci seem, therefore, to be associated with either type of MHS marker, multiple sclerosis and MLC determinant 7 a, or ankylosing spondylitis and the second series antigen W27. It will be interesting to discover whether there is any special significance of the association of one marker rather than another.
Phenotypic Variations with Time of some HL‐A Antigens
Authors: PELLEGRIS G. , ILLENI M. T. , ILLENI E. , VECCHIO M. DEL 
Published: July 2010

In order to study the HL‐A antigen turnover in vivo, the HL‐A reactivities of the lymphocytes of eight blood donors were tested every week for six weeks with antisera HL‐A1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 11.The analysis of variance showed that the “time” effect and the “time x donors” interaction were statistically significant for the HL‐A2, 3, 5 and 11 specificities. This supports the hypothesis that phenotypic expression of such antigens on the lymphocyte membrane of some of the blood donors examined varied with time.From a practical point of view, the HL‐A antigenic fluctuation with time should be taken into consideration when lymphocyte typing is required for tissue transplantation.
The Specificity of Secondary MLC Assayed by Titration of Primed Lymphocyte Populations
Authors: Singal D. P. 
Published: July 2010

The specificity of responses in secondary MLC was studied by titration (100 × 103 to 5 × 103) of responder primed lymphocytes. In all instances, significant proliferative responses of responder primed lymphocytes to the specific stimulator occurred using lower responding cell numbers. When tested against allogeneic stimulating donors, three patterns of responses were observed: no significant responses, responses only at higher (100 × 103) responding cell densities, and responses at lower responding cell densities, similar to those with the priming donor. In instances where primed lymphocytes responded significantly to allogeneic stimulating cells at lower cell densities, the responses were considered positive and the stimulating cells positive for the PL determinant. In several instances, primed lymphocytes responded significantly to allogeneic stimulators negative for the specific HLA—D and/or HLA—DR specificities. On the other hand, in experiments where allogeneic stimulating donors shared either HLA—D or DR specificity with the priming donor, a significant response was always observed. Thus, the PL determinant was present on stimulating allogeneic cells negative for specific HLA—D and DR specificities.The present data suggest that an analysis of the specificity of primed populations could be profoundly affected by the responder cell density at which the assay is performed. Also, the data suggest that other MHC determinants, including non‐HLA loci may be important in secondary MLC.
B‐Cell Alloantigens in Two Recombinant Families: Prediction of a B/D Recombination Using B‐Cell‐Specific Alloantisera
Authors: Décary F. , van Helden‐Henningheim L. , Westera A. , van den Berg‐Loonen P. M. , Engelfriet C. P. 
Published: July 2010

During the VIIth Histocompatibility Workshop, 44 sera were selected that defined B‐cell alloantigens showing correlation with the HLA—D antigenic determinants. The segregation of these antigens, now called DRw (HLA—D‐related), was studied in a family that contained one HLA‐A/B recombinant and one HLA–B/D recombinant sibling.It could be established that the DRw‐1 antigenic determinants segregated with the B‐D region in the A/B recombinant sibling and that the DRw‐2 antigen segregated with the D region of the B/D recombinant child. In the second family, DRw typing showed that one of the children was identical with an HLA–ABC non‐identical sibling. This suggested that a crossing‐over had occurred. This was confirmed by mutual non‐stimulation of these HLA‐ABC non‐identical children in the mixed lymphocyte culture. This crossing‐over involved the DRw‐3 alloantigen.These data confirm the assumption that serologically defined B‐cell alloantigens are coded for by genes located outside the HLA‐A/B region on the B‐D side of the chromosome. Moreover, these data suggest that, within families, serological B‐cell genotype identity can predict a mutual unresponsiveness in the lymphocyte culture.However, findings in these two families indicate that discrepancies nevertheless exist between B‐cell serology and mixed lymphocyte reactions and that mutual stimulation can occur despite apparent identity of serological B‐cell phenotype and that B‐cell phenotype identity does not necessarily predict mutual unresponsiveness in the mixed lymphocyte culture.
HLA antigens and maternal antibodies in allo‐immune neonatal thrombocytopenia
Authors: Taaning Ellen , Antonsen Henning , Petersen Sten , Svejgaard Arne , Thomsen Mogens 
Published: July 2010

Forty mothers who had given birth to children with a clinically probable diagnosis of allo‐immune neonatal thrombocytopenia were typed for ABO, HLA—ABC and Zwa antigens and their sera were investigated with the platelet complement fixation microtest (CFT), the lymphocytotoxic test (LCT), and the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT). Seventeen (43%) of the 40 mothers were Zwa‐negative, which is significantly (p > 10‐10) much more frequent than in controls (2.5%). Anti‐Zwa antibodies could be demonstrated by PSIFT in most of the Zwa‐negative mothers investigated, but in no cases by CFT. The only serum positive by this technique also contained HLA‐antibodies demonstrable by LCT. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were found in 33% of the cases and this is not different from the frequency observed in normal pregnancies. In ten cases, antibodies of unknown specificity were only detectable by PSIFT. Nine of these mothers were Zwa‐positive and these antibodies may be directed towards platelet specific antigens different from Zwa.Of the Zwa‐negative mothers, 65% were HLA—B8 positive which is significantly (corrected p = 0.02) different from the frequency (25%) of this antigen in controls. This observation definitely confirms a preliminary observation in a small material. In the 23 Zwa‐positive mothers, a borderline increased frequency (43%) of HLA—B8 was found.ABO compatibility between mother and child was not found more often than expected.It is concluded in this study that anti‐Zwa antibodies may account for about half of all cases of AINT, and that PSIFT is a useful method to detect both these antibodies and perhaps other platelet specific antibodies causing AINT. The increased frequency of HLA—B8 in the mothers may reflect the operation of an HLA—B8 linked immune response determinant in the mothers, but may also be explained by the action of an HLA controlled complement variant facilitating destruction of antibody‐coated platelet in the infant.Studies to investigate these possibilities are in progress.
Complete heart block — another HLA B27 associated disease manifestation
Authors: Bergfeldt Lennart , Möller Erna 
Published: July 2010

An increased prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other HLA B27‐associated rheumatic diseases has recently been demonstrated in a group of men with permanent pacemaker‐treatment. The purpose of the present study was to find out if HLA B27 was associated with severe bradyarrhythmias also in the absence of rheumatic disease.The frequency of B27 was determined in 83 permanently paced men with complete heart block, in whom presence of radiological or clinical signs of a B27‐associated rheumatic disease had been excluded. Eighty‐four healthy subjects were HLA typed for comparison.HLA B27 was found in 17% of the patients and in 6% of the controls, a significant difference with P= 0.017 (Fisher's exact test). The present study suggests that, in a subgroup of patients with complete heart block, the development of heart block is B27‐associated, and that the pathophysiological mechanism is similar to that leading to ankylosing spondylitis.Another B27‐associated disease manifestation has been demonstrated.
Reanalysis of the HLA‐DRw6 complex
Authors: Schreuder G. M. Th , Parlevliet J. , Termijtelen A. , Rood J. J. van 
Published: July 2010

The serological definition of the HLA‐DRw6 specificity has been complicated by the lack of monospecific reagents. During the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop several subspecificities of DRw6 were proposed. In the present study we have reanalysed the reactions of 8th Workshop and local sera in families and homozygous typing cells. These studies have revealed four DRw6 related reaction patterns. The patterns are described and compared with those reported by others. Two of these specificities are commonly observed in Dutch Caucasoids, one related with Dw6 and one with Dw9. The other DRw6 related reaction patterns are very infrequent in this population.In addition, the relation between a locally defined specificity LB5x8 and two new specificities 8wDRw13 and 8wDRw17 is discussed.
An improved technique for Ia‐determination in guinea pigs
Authors: CLAUSEN J. T. , MØLLER J. , SPÄRCK J. V. 
Published: July 2010

The serological typing of determinants within the guinea pig histocompatibility complex (GPLA‐complex) has, until now, largely been carried out by the 51Cr‐release technique. As target cells, a mixture of B and T cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes were used. However, for the detection of Ia‐determinants, which predominantly are expressed on the surface of B cells, the use of lymphocyte suspensions with a relatively low content of B cells can cause some evaluation problems.We have developed a simple method for obtaining a relatively pure suspension of B cells, making use of the ability of guinea pig T cells to form rosettes with rabbit red blood cells and the possibility of removing these by sedimentation on lymphoflot. By employing these purified B cells, an improved serological detection of Ia‐determinants of the guinea pig histocompatibility complex is made possible.