bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength between different materials bonded with two resin cements
Authors: Muller Katia , do Nascimento Cássio , Miani Paola K. , Gonçalves Mariane , Ferreira de Albuquerque Jr Rubens 
Published: October 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00565.x

Shear bond strength between different materials bonded with two resin cementsBackground:  The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength between Ni–Cr alloy specimens bonded to air‐abraded Ni–Cr, bur‐abraded Ni–Cr, etched ceramic and etched enamel substrates using the resin cements RelyX ARC or Enforce.Materials and methods:  Ni–Cr specimens were made and sandblasted with Al2O3 airborne‐particles. Disc‐shaped patterns were made for each of the four experimental substrates: Ni–Cr treated with Al2O3 airborne‐particles, Ni–Cr treated with diamond bur abrasion, etched enamel and etched ceramic.Results:  Significant differences in shear bond strength were found between the different materials and luting agents evaluated. The Ni–Cr alloy cylinders bonded to Ni–Cr surfaces sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3 particles and bonded with Enforce achieved the highest bond strength when compared with other substrates (28.9 MPa, p < 0.05). Bur‐abraded metal discs had lowest values, regardless the cement used (2.9 and 6.9 MPa for RelyX and Enforce, respectively). Etched enamel and etched ceramic had similar shear bond strengths within cement groups and performed better when RelyX was used.Conclusions:  Bonding Ni–Cr to Ni–Cr and ceramic may result in similar and higher bond strength when compared to Ni–Cr/enamel bonding. For metal/metal bonding, higher shear bond strength was achieved with resin cement Enforce, and for metal/ceramic and metal/enamel bonding, RelyX had higher results.
Biosynthesis of UDP‐glucuronic acid and UDP‐galacturonic acid in Bacillus cereus subsp. cytotoxis NVH 391‐98
Authors: Broach Bryan , Gu Xiaogang , Bar‐Peled Maor 
Published: October 2011

The food borne pathogen Bacillus cereus produces uronic acid‐containing glycans that are secreted in a shielding biofilm environment, and certain alkaliphilic Bacillus deposit uronate‐glycan polymers in the cell wall when adapting to alkaline environments. The source of these acidic sugars is unknown and, in the present study, we describe the functional identification of an operon in Bacillus cerues subsp. cytotoxis NVH 391‐98 that comprises genes involved in the synthesis of UDP‐uronic acids in Bacillus spp. Within the operon, a UDP‐glucose 6‐dehydrogenase converts UDP‐glucose in the presence of NAD+ to UDP‐glucuronic acid and NADH, and a UDP‐GlcA 4‐epimerase (UGlcAE) converts UDP‐glucuronic acid to UDP‐galacturonic acid. Interestingly, in vitro, both enzymes can utilize the TDP‐sugar forms as well, albeit at lower catalytic efficiency. Unlike most of the very few bacterial 4‐epimerases that have been characterized, which are promiscuous, the B. cereus UGlcAE enzyme is very specific and cannot use UDP‐glucose, UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine, UDP‐N‐acetylglucosaminuronic acid or UDP‐xylose as substrates. Size exclusion chromatography suggests that UGlcAE is active as a monomer, unlike the dimeric form of plant enzymes; the Bacillus UDP‐glucose 6‐dehydrogenase is also found as a monomer. Phylogenic analysis further suggests that the Bacillus UGlcAE may have evolved separately from other bacterial and plant epimerases. Our results provide insight into the formation and function of uronic acid‐containing glycans in the lifecycle of B. cereus and related species containing homologous operons, as well as a basis for determining the importance of these acidic glycans. We also discuss the ability to target UGlcAE as a drug candidate.Database
Nucleotide sequence data have been deposited in the Genbank database with the accession numbers HM581979 and HM581980.
Sex with Animals (SWA): Behavioral Characteristics and Possible Association with Penile Cancer. A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zequi Stênio de Cássio , Guimarães Gustavo Cardoso , da Fonseca Francisco Paulo , Ferreira Ubirajara , de Matheus Wagner Eduardo , Reis Leonardo Oliveira , Aita Giuliano Amorim , Glina Sidney , Fanni Victor Silvestre Soares , Perez Marjo Denisson Cardenuto , Guidoni Luiz Renato Montez , Ortiz Valdemar , Nogueira Lucas , de Almeida Rocha Luis Carlos , Cuck Gustavo , da Costa Walter Henriques , Moniz Ravendra Ryan , Dantas José Hipólito , Soares Fernando Augusto , Lopes Ademar 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Zoophilia has been known for a long time but, underreported in the medical literature, is likely a risk factor for human urological diseases.

Aim
To investigate the behavioral characteristics of sex with animals (SWA) and its associations with penile cancer (PC) in a case-control study.

Methods
A questionnaire about personal and sexual habits was completed in interviews of 118 PC patients and 374 controls (healthy men) recruited between 2009 and 2010 from 16 urology and oncology centers.

Main Outcome Measures
SWA rates, geographic distribution, duration, frequency, animals involved, and behavioral habits were investigated and used to estimate the odds of SWA as a PC risk factor.

Results
SWA was reported by 171 (34.8%) subjects, 44.9% of PC patients and 31.6% of controls (P &lt; 0.008). The mean ages at first and last SWA episode were 13.5 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.4 years) and 17.1 years (SD 5.3 years), respectively. Subjects who reported SWA also reported more venereal diseases (P &lt; 0.001) and sex with prostitutes (P &lt; 0.001), and were more likely to have had more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (P &lt; 0.001) than those who did not report SWA. SWA with a group of men was reported by 29.8% of subjects and SWA alone was reported by 70.2%. Several animals were used by 62% of subjects, and 38% always used the same animal. The frequency of SWA included single (14%), weekly or more (39.5%), and monthly episodes (15%). Univariate analysis identified phimosis, penile premalignancies, smoking, nonwhite race, sex with prostitutes, and SWA as PC risk factors. Phimosis, premalignant lesions, smoking, and SWA remained as risk factors in multivariate analysis. However, SWA did not impact the clinicopathological outcomes of PC.

Conclusion
SWA is a risk factor for PC and may be associated with venereal diseases. New studies are required in other populations to test other possible nosological links with SWA.
Transmission of Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections and Oral Sex
Authors: Ballini Andrea , Cantore Stefania , Fatone Laura , Montenegro Valentina , De Vito Danila , Pettini Francesco , Crincoli Vito , Antelmi Annarita , Romita Paolo , Rapone Biagio , Miniello Giovanni , Perillo Letizia , Grassi Felice Roberto , Foti Caterina 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Oral sex is usually considered a lower-risk sexual activity when compared with sex, but it is frequently the cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI). In particular, STI transferred through oral sex might have no visible symptoms, depending on the type of infection.

Aims
The aim of this study is to review the literature about the role of oral sex in the transmission of nonviral STI.

Main Outcome Measures
State-of-the-art information in the area of STI in relation to sexual function and self–care, this last important for development of STI prevention products such as vaginal microbicides. Sexual behaviors assessed focusing on receiving oral sex and giving oral sex.

Methods
A search of the main electronic databases including registers of clinical controlled trials was performed in addition to a hand search of the most relevant Journals. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, literature review of research articles, and public health department Internet Web sites, for the period of 1945–2011. In addition to searching the Clinical Trials Registry at the US National Institutes of Health, we also used the meta Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Results
STI affect the mucous membranes both directly and indirectly producing characteristic diagnostic signs and lesions. Daily dental clinical activity needs an appropriate knowledge of any kind of oral lesions-related STI. The reader is offered a practical approach with clinically relevant recommendations that may prove useful in his/her daily practice when dealing with STI.

Conclusions
These data provide a foundation for understanding diverse STI. We advise physicians to be receptive to discuss sexuality issues and provide patients with adequate therapy.
Long-term Follow-up (18–35 years) of Male Patients with History of Bladder Exstrophy (BE) Repair in Childhood: Erectile Function and Fertility Potential Outcome
Authors: Salem Hosni Khairy , Eisa Mohammed 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition that may lead to severe psychosexual malformation and require a lifelong follow-up.

Aim
We describe the long-term sexual outcome of patients with bladder exstrophy treated at our institution at early stage.

Methods
Thirty patients with mean age of 26 years (range 18–35 years) were included in the study. Fifteen patients underwent staged primary reconstruction, five patients underwent complete primary repair, and 10 patients underwent primary or secondary ureterosigmoidostomy.

Main Outcome Measures
Evaluation consisted of pediatric medical records, interview questionnaire including the psychosexual history, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and semen analysis.

Results
Erectile functions were maintained in 28 patients based on IIEF domain score. In all cases, penile length was objectively less than average (mean 7.65 cm). Seven patients were not satisfied with their penile length, and four cases complained of slight curvature. Ten patients were married (33%), of whom four patients had children (after normal conception in three, and after assisted reproductive technique in one). The remaining 20 patients were not married because of the feeling of sexual inadequacy to be able to engage in sexual intercourse (six patients), afraid of the cosmetic appearance of the genitalia (10 patients), and incontinence (four patients). Retrograde ejaculation was documented in 16 cases (53.5%), low volume ejaculate in eight cases (26.5%), and anejaculation in six cases (20%). Cosmetic outcome was considered satisfactory by 50% of the patients. Sixteen patients voided per urethra, four performed clean intermittent catheterization, and 10 patients had ureterosigmoidostomy diversion. Urinary tract infection was documented in 20% of the cases, and recurrent attacks of pyelonephritis in 10% of the cases.

Conclusion
Long-term outcome of bladder exstrophy repair in male patients showed fair results with respect to sexual function with more or less stable sexual relationship. We should do our best to solve the problem of those with restricted sexual lives.
Evidence on the origin of ergospheric disc field line topology in simulations of black hole accretion
Authors: Punsly Brian 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
This Letter investigates the origin of the asymmetric magnetic field line geometry in the ergospheric disc (and the corresponding asymmetric powerful jet) in 3D perfect magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations of a rapidly rotating black hole accretion system reported in Punsly, Igumenshchev & Hirose. Understanding why and how these unexpected asymmetric structures form is of practical interest because an ergospheric disc jet can boost the black hole driven jet power many fold, possibly resolving a fundamental disconnect between the energy flux estimates of powerful quasar jets and simulated jet power. The new 3D simulations of Beckwith, Hawley & Krolik that were run with basically the same code that was used in the simulation discussed in Punsly et al. describe the ‘coronal mechanism’ of accreting poloidal magnetic flux towards the event horizon. It was determined that reconnection in the inner accretion disc is a ‘necessary’ component for this process. The coronal mechanism seems to naturally explain the asymmetric ergospheric disc field lines that were seen in the simulations. Using examples from the literature, it is discussed how apparently small changes in the reconnection geometry and rates can make enormous changes in the magnetospheric flux distribution and the resultant black hole driven jet power in a numerical simulation. Unfortunately, reconnection is a consequence of numerical diffusion and not a detailed (yet to be fully understood) physical mechanism in the existing suite of perfect MHD-based numerical simulations. The implication is that there is presently great uncertainty in the flux distribution of astrophysical black hole magnetospheres and the resultant jet power.
Relating bars with the environment in the nearby Universe
Authors: Martínez Héctor J. , Muriel Hernán 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
We study the correlation between the fraction of barred spiral galaxies and environmental parameters of galaxies to understand in which environments the bars are more commonly found. For this purpose, we apply the Blanton et al. technique to a sample of spiral galaxies drawn from the Nair & Abraham catalogue. Our results agree with previous findings in which the fraction of barred galaxies is almost insensitive to environment.
Multifractal Dynamics in the Emergence of Cognitive Structure
Authors: Dixon James A. , Holden John G. , Mirman Daniel , Stephen Damian G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe complex‐systems approach to cognitive science seeks to move beyond the formalism of information exchange and to situate cognition within the broader formalism of energy flow. Changes in cognitive performance exhibit a fractal (i.e., power‐law) relationship between size and time scale. These fractal fluctuations reflect the flow of energy at all scales governing cognition. Information transfer, as traditionally understood in the cognitive sciences, may be a subset of this multiscale energy flow. The cognitive system exhibits not just a single power‐law relationship between fluctuation size and time scale but actually exhibits many power‐law relationships, whether over time or space. This change in fractal scaling, that is, multifractality, provides new insights into changes in energy flow through the cognitive system. We survey recent findings demonstrating the role of multifractality in (a) understanding atypical developmental outcomes, and (b) predicting cognitive change. We propose that multifractality provides insights into energy flows driving the emergence of cognitive structure.
Errors in basophil enumeration with 3 veterinary hematology systems and observations on occurrence of basophils in dogs
Authors: Lilliehöök Inger , Tvedten Harold W. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundMost automated hematology analyzers cannot detect canine or feline basophils. However, many veterinary laboratories continue to report basophils as part of the automated 5‐part differential leukocyte count for dogs and cats.ObjectivesThe study objectives were to evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV, Advia 2120, and CELL‐DYN 3500 hematology analyzers in detecting basophils using blood from dogs, cats, and rabbits with basophilia and to investigate the concurrence of basophilia and other hematologic changes, sex, and breed in dogs.MethodsOne or more of the 3 hematology analyzers was used to analyze 11 canine blood samples with prominent basophilia (≥ 5%) based on a manual differential count. In addition, samples from 2 cats and 4 rabbits with basophilia were analyzed with the Advia 2120. Leukocyte cytograms were inspected for the likely location of basophil cell clusters. In a retrospective study of canine patients, reports of hematologic results that included a manual leukocyte differential count were identified using the laboratory information system and examined for the occurrence of basophilia and other hematologic changes, sex, and breed of the dogs.ResultsCanine basophils were not detected by the Sysmex XT‐2000iV or CELL‐DYN 3500 analyzers, and neither canine nor feline basophils were detected by the Advia 2120. The Advia was able to detect basophils in rabbits. On the Sysmex cytogram canine basophils were found slightly above or together with neutrophils. On the Advia Perox cytogram canine basophils were located in upper part of the lymphocyte box and in the area of large unstained cells (LUC). Dogs with marked basophilia often had concurrent eosinophilia, and basophilia may be found more frequently in Rottweiler dogs than in other breeds. In 5 dogs with marked basophilia and without eosinophilia, marked thrombocytosis and anemia were noted.ConclusionsCanine basophils were not detected by these automated hematology analyzers, and careful analysis of instrument graphical displays or increased LUC (Advia) may guide the need to examine a blood smear for basophils.
Bovine immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia: 13 cases (November 2008–August 2009)
Authors: Nassiri Seyed Mahdi , Darvishi Saeedeh , Khazraiinia Parvaneh 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundImmune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) occurs in cattle; however, there are few reported cases.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence ofIMHAin cattle with anemia, describe the associated clinical and laboratory findings, including osmotic fragility, and identify potential causative infectious agents or drugs.MethodsThis study included 42 anemic cattle (HCT < 27.5%) comprising 31 females and 11 bulls with a mean age of 3.5 years referred to theUniversity ofTehranVeterinaryTeachingHospital during a 10‐month period.CBCs, saline osmotic fragility tests, directCoombs’ tests, and biochemical profiles were performed, and blood smears were evaluated for spherocytosis, parasites, and microscopic agglutination. Five clinically healthy cattle were used as controls for testing osmotic fragility ofRBCs.ResultsTheCoombs’ test was positive in 13/42 (30%) cattle; 5 had no evidence of concurrent disease or history of drug administration, and 8 had underlying or concurrent diseases, positivity forBLV, or exposure to drugs. The HCT (mean ± SE) ofCoombs’‐positive cattle (16 ± 1.7%) was significantly lower than that ofCoombs’‐negative animals (21 ± 0.8%). Hematologic and biochemical findings in cattle withIMHAincluded anisocytosis (2), polychromasia (2), basophilic stippling (2), spherocytosis (2), hyperfibrinogenemia (5), left‐shifted neutrophilia (3), and hyperbilirubinemia (8).RBCsfromCoombs’‐positive anemic cattle were more fragile than those fromCoombs’‐negative anemic cattle. Four osmotically different populations ofRBCswere detected in cattle withIMHA, whereasRBCpopulations were homogeneous in theCoombs’‐negative anemic cattle and in normal cattle.ConclusionIMHAwas identified in a significant proportion of anemic cattle. IdiopathicIMHAandIMHAsecondary to infectious diseases and administration of certain drugs occur in cattle.
Reference intervals for hematologic and coagulation tests in adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Dawson Dominic R. , DeFrancisco Richard J. , Stokol Tracy 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundSpecies‐specific reference intervals are needed for interpretation of laboratory tests. Reference interval studies of alpacas have been limited by low numbers and use of outdated methods.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to establish reference intervals for hematologic and coagulation tests in alpacas using a laser‐based hematology analyzer and a mechanical clot detection coagulation analyzer, respectively; to compare results for automated and manual differentialWBCand platelet counts and fibrinogen concentrations; and to examine the effect of herd and sex on hematologic tests in a population of alpacas.MethodsBlood collected from clinically healthy female and male adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 5 herds underwent fullCBCanalysis using anADVIA2120 (n = 65). Blood smears were examined for manual differentialWBCcounts, platelet estimates, and morphologic examination of blood cells.PCVand plasma protein and heat‐precipitable fibrinogen concentration measured by refractometry were also determined. Partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and clottable fibrinogen concentration were measured using aSTA Compact analyzer (n = 13). Reference intervals were established using 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for hematologic analytes and minimum and maximum values for coagulation tests. Automated and manual differentialWBCcounts, platelet counts, and fibrinogen concentrations were compared. Results were also evaluated for herd‐ and sex‐associated effects.ResultsHematologic reference intervals for alpacas were similar to those reported previously, except for lowerRBC‐related results, which showed a herd bias. Correlations between automated and manual neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts were moderate to good, with weak to poor correlations for monocyte and basophil counts and fibrinogen concentrations. Owing to the low number of samples analyzed, reference intervals for coagulation tests should be considered estimated intervals.ConclusionsReference intervals will be useful guides for interpreting hematologic and coagulation results in alpacas, particularly when using the same instrumentation and reagents.
Clinical pathology ofGreyhounds and other sighthounds
Authors: Zaldívar‐López S. , Marín L.M. , Iazbik M.C. , Westendorf‐Stingle N. , Hensley S. , Couto C.G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOwing to the development ofGreyhounds as racing sighthounds, these dogs have acquired unique physiologic adaptations that distinguish them from other breeds. Reference intervals for many analytes in retired racingGreyhounds (RRGs) differ from those of other breeds; most of the hematologic differences have also been described in other sighthounds. In this review, we provide a survey of the literature on clinical pathology ofGreyhounds and other sighthounds and results of laboratory testing, including analysis ofCBCs, biochemical profiles, coagulation tests, and blood gases, inRRGs at TheOhio State University. Major clinicopathologic differences in this breed include higherRBCmass, creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate, activities of hepatic enzymes, and concentration of cardiac troponin, as well as lowerWBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts, thromboelastographic values, and concentrations of serum haptoglobin, total globulins, andT4.