bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CuInSe2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells with 7.72 % Efficiency Prepared via Direct Coating of a Metal Salts/Alcohol‐Based Precursor Solution
Authors: Ahn SeJin , Son Tae Hwa , Cho Ara , Gwak Jihye , Yun Jae Ho , Shin Keeshik , Ahn Seoung Kyu , Park Sang Hyun , Yoon KyungHoon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA simple direct solution coating process for forming CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films was described, employing a low‐cost and environmentally friendly precursor solution. The precursor solution was prepared by mixing metal acetates, ethanol, and ethanolamine. The facile formation of a precursor solution without the need to prefabricate nanoparticles enables a rapid and easy processing, and the high stability of the solution in air further ensures the precursor preparation and the film deposition in ambient conditions without a glove box. The thin film solar cell fabricated with the absorber film prepared by this route showed an initial conversion efficiency of as high as 7.72 %.
Design and implementation of a digitally controlled single‐inductor dual‐output (SIDO) buck converter
Authors: Tsai Chien‐Hung , Yang Chun‐Hung , Leng Chi‐Wai 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThis paper describes design and implementation of a digitally controlled single‐inductor dual‐output (SIDO) buck converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode. This converter adopts time‐multiplexing control in providing two independent output voltages using only an inductor. The design issues of the digital controller are discussed, including static and dynamic characteristics. Implementation of the controller, a modified hybrid digital pulse width modulator and a single look‐up table are developed. The digital controller was implemented on a field‐programmable gate array‐based control board. Experimental results demonstrating system validity are presented for a SIDO buck converter with nominal 3.6 V input voltage, and the outputs are regulated at 1.8 and 2.2 V. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Der Kalksandstein‐Wärmebrückenkatalog
Authors: Pekrul Olga , Schäfers Martin , Spitzner Martin H. , Sprengard Christoph 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeben der im Zuge einer energetischen Gebäudebilanzierung heute häufig angewendeten pauschalen Berücksichtigung des Wärmebrückeneinflusses gemäß DIN 4108 Beiblatt 2 [1] auf der einen und einer detaillierten Quantifizierung mit einer numerischen Berechnung aller relevanten Wärmebrückendetails auf der anderen Seite, bietet die Erstellung eines detaillierten Wärmebrückennachweises unter Zuhilfenahme von Wärmebrückenkatalogen eine praxisgerechte und dennoch exakte Alternative. Auf die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Alternative geht der vorliegende Artikel anhand des Kalksandstein‐Wärmebrückenkatalogs ein.Nach einem Überblick über die wesentlichen Grundlagen zu Wärmebrücken werden die einzelnen Schritte, welche im Rahmen eines detaillierten Wärmebrückennachweises mit dem Kalksandstein‐Wärmebrückenkatalog erforderlich sind, erläutert. Diese Darstellung belegt, dass ein detaillierter Nachweis mit Hilfe des Katalogs für ein übliches Wohngebäude bereits mit einem Zeitaufwand von etwa zwei Stunden realisierbar ist. Abschließend widmet sich der Artikel weitergehenden Detailfragen, wie z. B. der Behandlung von Wärmebrücken am unteren Gebäudeabschluss.The ‘Kalksandstein‐Wärmebrückenkatalog‘ ‐ Detailed numerical evaluation of thermal bridges within two hours! The analysis of the influence of thermal bridges of a building with the help of catalogue values is a likewise effective and accurate alternative to the frequently applied flat‐rate procedure according to DIN 4108 Beiblatt 2 on the one hand and a detailed numerical evaluation of all thermal bridges on the other hand. The possibilities and limits of this procedure are presented within this article on the basis of the calcium silicate thermal bridge catalogue.After a brief summary about the basics of thermal bridges, the single steps which are required in the context of a detailed analysis of thermal bridges with the help of the “Kalksandstein‐Wärmebrückenkatalog“ are depicted. This presentation proves that, with the help of a catalogue, a detailed analysis for a typical one family house will not take more than two hours of time. Concluding, further questions of detail, like the handling of thermal bridges at the building‘s foundation are examined.
Service life of the building stock of Switzerland
Authors: Kornmann Michel , Queisser Andreas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere is only little information about the practical service life of buildings in Switzerland, as well as in most other countries. The needs created by the sustainable development require that realistic data on service life of buildings are generated.A study of the service life of the Swiss dwellings was carried out based on information available from several dwelling censuses. The service life of dwellings was remarkably long. After 60 years, all the buildings were still inhabited. The average service life of Swiss dwellings was estimated to be as high as 180 years. Service life values proposed in actual standards (often 60 years) are much too short for the building stock in Switzerland and were probably influenced by available American values. They are not applicable to Swiss buildings and don’t seem to be appropriate for several other European countries.Lebensdauer des Gebäudebestandes in der Schweiz. Über die praktische Lebensdauer der Gebäude in der Schweiz gibt es – wie in den meisten Ländern – nur wenige Informationen. Die Belange des Nachhaltigen Bauens erfordern, dass realistische Daten zur Lebensdauer von Gebäuden vorliegen.Die vorliegende Studie zur Lebensdauer Schweizer Wohngebäude basiert auf verfügbaren Informationen aus regelmäßigen Wohnungszählungen. Die Nutzungsdauer von Wohnungen ist dabei bemerkenswert hoch. Auch nach 60 Jahren waren alle Gebäude noch bewohnt. Die durchschnittliche Lebensdauer von Schweizer Wohnungen wird auf 180 Jahre geschätzt. Die angegebene Lebensdauer, wie sie in verschiedenen aktuellen Normenwerken vorgeschlagen wird (häufig 60 Jahre), ist viel zu kurz für den Gebäudebestand in der Schweiz und wahrscheinlich durch verfügbare amerikanische Daten beeinflusst. Sie sind nicht auf Schweizer Gebäude anwendbar und scheinen auch für einige andere europäische Länder nicht geeignet.
Variation in resistance to multiple pathogen species: anther smuts of Silene uniflora
Authors: Chung Erin , Petit Elsa , Antonovics Janis , Pedersen Amy B. , Hood Michael E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe occurrence of multiple pathogen species on a shared host species is unexpected when they exploit the same micro‐niche within the host individual. One explanation for such observations is the presence of pathogen‐specific resistances segregating within the host population into sites that are differentially occupied by the competing pathogens. This study used experimental inoculations to test whether specific resistances may contribute to the maintenance of two species of anther‐smut fungi, Microbotryum silenes‐inflatae and Microbotryum lagerheimii, in natural populations of Silene uniflora in England and Wales. Overall, resistance to the two pathogens was strongly positively correlated among host populations and to a lesser degree among host families within populations. A few instances of specific resistance were also observed and confirmed by replicated inoculations. The results suggest that selection for resistance to one pathogen may protect the host from the emergence via host shifts of related pathogen species, and conversely that co‐occurrence of two species of pathogens may be dependent on the presence of host genotypes susceptible to both.
Experimental evidence for limited leaching of phosphorus from canopy leaves in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Runyan Christiane W. , Lawrence Deborah , Vandecar Karen L. , D'Odorico Paolo 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTApart from being water limited during the dry season, some tropical dry forests are also phosphorus (P) limited. For these systems, throughfall contributes an important source of P. Leaf leaching of P would confound the quantification of external P in throughfall; and thus, it is necessary to determine the importance of leaf leaching for such systems. In this study, we used a modification of the classic methodology to determine whether P is leached from common tree species found in a tropical dry forest. Our modification of washing the leaves allowed us to also examine the amount of organic phosphorus (PO) and inorganic phosphorus (PI) yielded instantaneously from the leaves, representing P deposited on leaf surfaces. We compared leaves from mature and successional forests to understand how canopy structure affects deposition. Although we saw no evidence for leaching, the decline in rinsate P between sample times may suggest that microbes on the surfaces of leaves take up P dissolved in intercepted canopy water. The washing of leaves during the experiment yielded measurable quantities of PO and PI. The quantity of PO or PI yielded from the surfaces of leaves differed between species and forest types. Scaled‐up estimates suggested that 0·8 g PI ha−1 per rainfall event and 2·8 g PO ha1 event−1 were yielded from the successional forest and 4·4 and 10·7 g PO ha1 event1 from the mature forest, the latter of which is very similar to measured throughfall values for this area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐level Governance, Multi‐level Deficits: The Case of Drinking Water Management in Hungary
Authors: Leventon Julia , Antypas Alexios 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper improves our understanding of failed implementation in the European Union by studying a case whereby a member state has transposed legislation but failed to comply with it. Drawing on existing literature on transposition deficits, this paper creates a framework for interrogating implementation failures in the EU's multi‐level governance system. It is applied to a Hungarian case study to explain why parts of the country continue to deliver drinking water that exceeds the Drinking Water Directive's limits for arsenic, creating a public health risk. The failure to comply is shown to be a series of linked implementation deficits at every level of the governance system. Processes of horizontal and vertical disintegration are clearly demonstrated. The conclusions make policy recommendations with wider relevance to other cases of failed implementation. Recommendations are also made for research that uses our framework as a starting point to understand the drivers behind individual deficits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Preparation of Germyl Complexes of Osmium(II)
Authors: Albertin Gabriele , Antoniutti Stefano , Castro Jesús 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe germyl complex Os[Ge3Cl6(OH)2]P4 (1) [P = P(OEt)3] was prepared by allowing dihydride OsH2P4 to react with GeCl2·dioxane. Treatment of OsH2P4 with GeCl2·dioxane and then with SnCl2·2H2O in ethanol yielded the mixed‐ligand derivative Os[Ge3Cl6(OEt)(OH)4](SnCl3)P4 (2). Both complexes were characterised spectroscopically (IR, NMR) and by X‐ray crystal structure determination.
Controllable Regioselective Construction of Both Functional α‐Methylene‐β‐ and ‐γ‐amino Acid Derivatives Through an Organocatalyzed Tandem Allylic Alkylation and Amination
Authors: Pan Feng , Chen Jian‐Ming , Qin Tian‐You , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An , Liao Wei‐Wei 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new controllable and regioselective allylic alkylation and amination reaction has been developed for the highly selective construction of compounds containing α‐alkylidene‐β‐amino acid and α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactam moieties. Furthermore, on the basis of this controllable strategy, multicomponent tandem reactions have also been accomplished. The subsequent transformations of the densely functionalized products have readily afforded a range of useful building blocks, which have potential utility in organic synthesis.
Blurring the Boundary between Bio‐ and Geohopanoids: Plakohopanoid, a C32 Biohopanoid Ester from Plakortis cf. lita
Authors: Costantino Valeria , Della Sala Gerardo , Mangoni Alfonso , Perinu Cristina , Teta Roberta 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPlakohopanoid (3a), a new type of hopanoid derivative composed of a C32 hopanoid acid ester linked to a mannosyl‐myo‐inositol, was isolated from the sponge Plakortis cf. lita as its peracetyl derivative 3b. The structure of 3b was determined by a combination of spectroscopic analysis and micro‐scale chemical degradation. Even though plakohopanoid was isolated from a sponge, its component parts are clearly of bacterial origin, and its bacterial biosynthesis is very likely. Until now, C32 hopanoic acids have been considered to be geohopanoids, i.e., diagenetic products that are formed through abiotic degradation of the biohopanoids present in bacteria. The presence of 3a in a marine living organism shows that there is a biosynthetic pathway to C32 hopanoic acids, and these substances should therefore no longer with certainty be considered to be geohopanoids.
Two Diastereomeric Artificial Enzymes with Different Catalytic Activity
Authors: Lindbäck Emil , Zhou You , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Bols Mikael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo epimeric cyclodextrin‐6‐C‐aldehydes were synthesised in 10 steps from β‐cyclodextrin. The synthesis involved protection/partial deprotection, oxidation to a 6‐aldehyde, olefination, dihydroxylation, selective protection of the secondary alcohol and oxidation. The two isomers catalysed theoxidation of aromatic amines by hydrogen peroxide but predominantly outside the cavity. Hydrolysis of aryl glycosides on the other hand was catalysed in a reaction followingMichaelis–Menten kinetics. The S isomer was a 5–20 times better catalyst than the R isomer, which was explained from models.
On the capacity of the binary‐symmetric parallel‐relay network
Authors: Ong Lawrence , Johnson Sarah J. , Kellett Christopher M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigate the binary‐symmetric parallel‐relay network where there is one source, one destination, and multiple relays in parallel. We show that forwarding relays, where the relays merely transmit their received signals, achieve the capacity in two ways: with coded transmission at the source and a finite number of relays, or uncoded transmission at the source and a sufficiently large number of relays. On the other hand, decoding relays, where the relays decode the source message, re‐encode, and forward it to the destination, achieve the capacity when the number of relays is small. In addition, we show that any coding scheme that requires decoding at any relay is suboptimal in large parallel‐relay networks, where forwarding relays achieve strictly higher rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approximation of parabolic problems by residual distribution schemes
Authors: Abgrall R. , Baurin G. , Krust A. , de Santis D. , Ricchiuto M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWe are interested in the numerical approximation of steady scalar convection–diffusion problems by means of high order schemes called Residual Distribution schemes. In the inviscid case, one can develop nonlinear Residual Distribution schemes that are nonoscillatory, even in the case of very strong discontinuities, while having the most possible compact stencil, on hybrid unstructured meshes. This paper proposes and compare extensions of these schemes for the convection–diffusion problem. This methodology, in particular in terms of accuracy, is evaluated on problem with exact solutions. Its nonoscillatory behavior is tested against the Smith and Hutton problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overall survival benefits for irinotecan‐containing regimens as first‐line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: An updated meta‐analysis of ten randomized controlled trials
Authors: Qi Wei‐Xiang , Shen Zan , Lin Feng , Sun Yuan‐Jue , Min Da‐Liu , Tang Li‐Na , He Ai‐Na , Yao Yang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe standard treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is still debated, and the available data on the benefit of irinotecan‐containing regimen as first‐line treatment for those patients are controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the survival benefits of irinotecan‐containing regimens in this setting. A total of 1,837 patients from ten trials were included in the analysis. Our results showed that irinotecan‐containing regimens significantly improved overall survival [OS: hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78–0.94, p = 0.002] and progression‐free survival [HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.97, p = 0.026); however, the improvement of time to failure (HR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.77–1.04, p = 0.15), 1‐year survival rate [1‐year SR: relative risk (RR) 1.10, 95% CI = 0.97–1.24, p = 0.13] and overall response rate (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.91–1.49, p = 0.24] were nonsignificant. Equivalent frequencies of toxicities were found between the two groups excluding more Grade 3 or 4 fatigue (p = 0.001) in irinotecan‐containing regimens. This updated meta‐analysis provided strong evidence for a survival benefit of irinotecan‐containing regimen as first‐line treatment for AGC. A clear advantage of irinotecan‐containing over nonirinotecan‐containing regimen had not been established. These results should help to inform decisions about patient management and design of future trials.
CD8‐alpha T‐cell infiltration in human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal carcinoma correlates with improved patient prognosis
Authors: Jung Alain C. , Guihard Sébastien , Krugell Sylvie , Ledrappier Sonia , Brochot Alexandra , Dalstein Véronique , Job Sylvie , de Reynies Aurélien , Noël Georges , Wasylyk Bohdan , Clavel Christine , Abecassis Joseph 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPatients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal tumors display improved prognosis. The biological basis of this tumor phenotype is poorly understood. We investigated whether increased lymphocyte infiltrate in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas could account for better prognosis. We previously identified, in an Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of 83 HPV‐unrelated and 11 HPV‐related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, several candidate genes, including CD8α and CD3ζ. Their expression was validated in this study by qRT–PCR on an independent clinical series of 144 oropharyngeal tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens was performed to evaluate infiltration of tumor stroma by CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The prognostic value of CD8α and CD3ζ expression levels was measured by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression model analyses. Immune response‐related signaling pathways were found to be deregulated in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal tumors. Expression of CD8α, CD3ζ, granzyme K, CD28 and integrin αL RNAs was upregulated in HPV‐positive lesions when compared with HPV‐unrelated tumors (p < 0.05). Stroma of HPV‐positive tumors was frequently and strongly infiltrated by CD8α‐ and CD3ζ‐positive T cells. CD8α RNA expression correlated with both improved global (Kaplan–Meier; p = 0.005; Cox regression: p = 0.003) and disease‐free (Cox regression: p = 0.04) survival. CD3ζ RNA expression correlated with improved overall survival (Cox regression: p = 0.024). These results suggest that an increased cytotoxic T‐cell‐based antitumor immune response is involved in improved prognosis of patients with HPV‐positive tumors.
Pre‐ and post‐surgical factors that predict the provision of rescue analgesia following hysterectomy
Authors: Pinto P.R. , McIntyre T. , Fonseca C. , Almeida A. , Araújo‐Soares V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo better manage post‐surgical pain, standardized analgesic protocols allow for rescue analgesia (RA). This study seeks to determine which pre‐ and post‐surgical clinical and patient‐related factors, in addition to post‐surgical pain, may influence health care professional decisions onRAadministration.MethodsA consecutive sample of 185 women, submitted to hysterectomy for benign disorders, was assessed 24 h before (time 1;T1) and 48 h after (time 2;T2) surgery. AtT1, baseline demographic, clinical and psychological predictors were assessed and atT2, post‐surgical pain, anxiety andRAadministration were recorded.ResultsAfter controlling for post‐surgical acute pain intensity, logistic regression results revealed several pre‐surgical (T1) and surgical factors associated with post‐surgicalRA: having other previous pain states [odds ratio (OR), 4.551; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.642–12.611,p = 0.004], being anaesthetized with only general or loco‐regional anaesthesia (OR, 5.349; 95%CI, 1.976–14.483,p = 0.001) and pre‐surgical fear of immediate consequences of surgery (OR, 1.306; 95%CI, 1.031–1.655,p = 0.027). Concerning post‐surgical variables, higher pain intensity (OR, 1.591; 95%CI, 1.353–1.871,p < 0.001) and post‐surgical anxiety (OR, 1.245; 95%CI, 1.084–1.430,p = 0.002) were significantly associated withRAprovision.ConclusionsHealth care decision making to administerRAmight be influenced not only by post‐surgical pain intensity but also by pre‐surgical and surgical clinical factors, such as previous pain and type of anaesthesia. Patient‐related psychological characteristics, such as pre‐surgical fear and post‐surgical anxiety, may also play a role in decision making onRAprovision. Implications for practice are discussed.
Measuring anisotropic cell motility on curved substrates
Authors: Douglass Kyle M. , Sparrow Nicklaus A. , Bott Marga , Fernandez‐Valle Cristina , Dogariu Aristide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSchwann cell motility was observed on laminin‐coated quartz cylinders with different curvatures over an 18 hour period. A new analysis based on difference images helped to determine the minimal radius of curvature, 46 μm, which restricted motility along the cylinder axis. The migration speed, measured by calculating differences between successive images in the time series, ranged between 0.3 to 0.8 μm per minute and is similar to previously reported rates for Schwann cells. Difference images provide a rapid and simple method for the analysis of cell motility on large populations of cells. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The development of the tongue of the domestic goose from 9th to 25th day of incubation as seen by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Skieresz‐Szewczyk Kinga , Prozorowska Ewelina , Jackowiak Hanna 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe general development of the tongue in birds was described by Lillie (1908) in chicken. Bryk et al. (1992) also studied the tongue development in chicken and they observed development of the conical papillae of the body. Our study aims to describe the timing of the development of the tongue morphological features in the domestic goose by using SEM methods. The tongue of the domestic goose is characterized by the widest variety of shape of the particular part of the tongue and mechanical papillae. Results indicated that the formation of the apex, body, lingual prominence, and the root of the tongue take place between the 10th and 19th day of incubation. The tongue elongates rapidly between the 16th and 18th day of incubation. Simultaneously, the median groove appears on the body and the lingual prominence and elongates towards the rostral part of the tongue. The conical papillae of the tongue develop gradually. On the body, the conical papillae develop from the caudal part of the body to the rostral part and on the lingual prominence from the median part of the prominence to the lateral part. Hair‐like papillae at the caudal surface of the body of the tongue remain primordial to the end of the incubation. Our studies on the morphogenesis of the tongue in the domestic goose revealed changes in shape of the particular part of the tongue and rapid pace of the formation of mechanical papillae. The tongue is completely develop before hatching and ready to collect food. © Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.