bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to prepare isotonic dextran–salt solutions
Authors: Fischer Thomas M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo increase, in rheological studies of red cells, the viscosity of suspending media, high‐molecular‐weight polymers, e.g., dextrans, are added to electrolyte solutions. However, dextrans at typical concentrations (e.g., 15% w/w) contribute an appreciable portion to the osmotic pressure of the suspending medium. To keep the volume of red cells normal, the concentration of electrolyte has to be reduced. In our hands, osmometry of dextran–salt solutions (DSSs) was not reliable, probably due to the increased viscosity. Therefore, a method was devised in which the concentration of electrolyte required to achieve normal red cell volume was determined experimentally using the red cell itself as an osmometer. Packed unwashed red cells were added to DSSs with different concentrations of electrolyte. Swelling or shrinking of the red cells was monitored by a change in the refractive index of the suspending medium. Six different dextrans (MW 40 kDa to 2000 kDa) were tested. The concentration of electrolyte at which the red cell volume did not change upon suspension in these DSSs did not depend on the MW of the dextrans. For a dextran concentration of 15% (w/w), the addition of electrolytes had to be reduced by about 1/4 with respect to an isotonic pure electrolyte solution. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments
Authors: Mehler Philip S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To present a cogent and practical review of the medical complications and their treatment in patients with bulimia nervosa.Method:Thorough review of the medical literature from 1990 to current in regards to the medical complications of bulimia nervosa and the therapeutic intervention that are effective to treat them.Results:Extensive and detailed review of the medical complications of bulimia nervosa. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prevalence study and Description of alli® use by patients with eating disorders
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , Mitchell James E. , le Grange Daniel , Crow Scott J. , Attia Evelyn , Bulik Cynthia M. , Dellava Jocilyn E. , Bermudez Ovidio , Erickson Ann L. , Crosby Ross D. , Bansal‐Dev Vidhu P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:This study examined the frequency and characteristics of alli® use among patients in eating disorder treatment facilities.Method:Patients from five treatment centers completed the Survey of Eating and Related Behaviors. Diagnoses were determined from survey responses.Results:Of 417 survey respondents, 26 (6.2%) reported a history of alli® use. Of those, 15 (57.7%) met criteria for an eating disorder, including one of 29 patients (3.4%) with anorexia nervosa binge‐purge subtype, six of 66 patients (9.1%) with full or subthreshold bulimia nervosa, four of 49 (8.2%) with binge eating disorder, one of six (16.7%) with purging disorder, and three of 80 (3.8%) with an eating disorder not otherwise specified.Discussion:The results of this survey suggest that patients with eating disorders use alli®, albeit relatively uncommonly. Therefore, it is worthwhile for clinicians to inquire about alli® use when evaluating or treating these patients in any clinical setting. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Eating patterns in patients with spectrum binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Harvey Kate , Rosselli Francine , Wilson G. Terence , DeBar Lynn L. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:We sought to describe meal and snack frequencies of individuals with recurrent binge eating and examine the association between these eating patterns and clinical correlates.Method:Data from 106 women with a minimum diagnosis of recurrent binge eating were used. Meal and snack frequencies were correlated with measures of weight, eating disorder features, and depression. Participants who ate breakfast every day (n = 25) were compared with those who did not (n = 81) on the same measures.Results:Breakfast was the least, and dinner the most, commonly consumed meal. Evening snacking was the most common snacking occasion. Meal patterns were not significantly associated with clinical correlates; however, evening snacking was associated with binge eating.Discussion:Our findings largely replicated those reported in earlier research. More research is needed to determine the role of breakfast consumption in binge eating. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:447–451)
Resilience of phreatophytic vegetation to groundwater drawdown: is recovery possible under a drying climate?
Authors: Sommer Bea , Froend Ray 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBanksia (Proteaceae) woodlands are one of a number of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems in southwestern Western Australia that are threatened by groundwater abstraction. In addition to this threat is an ongoing decline in regional water tables due to a drying climate. We used ecological resilience theory to analyse and interpret a long‐term vegetation monitoring dataset from a site that has experienced an abstraction‐induced acute groundwater drawdown in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Despite reduced plant abundance, all dominant over‐ and understorey species were still found on all transect plots in which they were recorded pre‐drawdown. This suggests a notional resilience and a strong likelihood of recovery, in the event that pre‐drawdown ecohydrological habitat conditions were to return. However, since the drawdown event, the regional water table continued to decline, with the vegetation responding through progressive and uni‐directional change in abundance and composition. The change in composition was primarily manifested as a shift towards non‐woody, shallow‐rooted species not dependent on specific hydrological conditions. This slow, progressive change in hydrology associated with reduced rainfall and land use changes has continued to force a transition in the floristics towards an alternative ecohydrological state. Despite the absence of an acute drawdown event, the same progressive floristic response was also observed at two reference sites that were not under the immediate influence of production bores. The challenge for adaptive water resource management will be to enhance the capacity for resilience in these groundwater‐dependent ecosystems in a drying environment through appropriate regulation of groundwater abstraction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revision of the Ordovician stratigraphy for the western Ireland Caledonides and implications for tectonic models
Authors: Ryan Kieran M. , Williams D. Michael , Coleman Drew S. , Loewy Staci 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe western Ireland Ordovician stratigraphy has been previously used to constrain the timing of docking of an island arc and its fore‐arc basin with the margin of Laurentia for the British and Irish Caledonides. New field relationships and age data indicate that one of the key formations, the Rosroe Formation (459.2 ± 0.8 and 465.1 ± 2.1 Ma), and its supposed lateral equivalent, the Maumtrasna Formation are younger than previously interpreted. New age data for a tuff band in the Maumtrasna Formation (468.9 ± 1.3 Ma) also support previous studies showing it can be correlated to the adjacent Mweelrea Formation. The new field evidence, age data and geochemistry contradict some previous studies and show that the Maumtrasna, Rosroe and Derrylea formations can no longer be considered lateral equivalents. Based on the new stratigraphy a revised tectonic model is required with sedimentation in this part of the Caledonides taking place in a fore‐arc basin outboard of a continental arc and the oceanic arc was an along‐strike equivalent of this arc situated in an embayment of the Laurentian margin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The depression‐executive dysfunction (DED) syndrome and response to antidepressants: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: McLennan Skye N. , Mathias Jane L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe depression‐executive dysfunction (DED) model predicts that cognitive impairment, particularly executive dysfunction, is associated with poor response to antidepressant medication. A meta‐analysis was undertaken to assess the evidence for this hypothesis.MethodsThe PsycInfo and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies that examined response to antidepressant treatment in relation to pre‐treatment cognitive performance. Systematic screening yielded 17 eligible publications, providing data for 1269 individuals. Ninety cognitive tests and subtests were used by these studies; 30 were used by more than one study. Weighted mean Cohen's d effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals and Fail Safe Ns were calculated for these 30 tests.ResultsFive cognitive tests provided good discrimination (dw > 0.5) between patients who ultimately responded to antidepressant medication and those who failed to respond. One was a test of executive function but the remainder assessed other cognitive domains. Due to the small number of studies the influence of methodological factors, such as participant age and treatment duration, could not be statistically examined. However, a supplementary analysis restricted to nine studies where SSRIs were the only class of antidepressant revealed a similar pattern of results.ConclusionsPerformance on selected tests of executive function and non‐executive cognitive functions is associated with response to anti‐depressant medication in some populations. The available evidence does not provide strong support for the DED model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective disconnection of the hippocampal formation projections to the mammillary bodies produces only mild deficits on spatial memory tasks: Implications for fornix function
Authors: Vann Seralynne D. , Erichsen Jonathan T. , O'Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is now clear that the integrity of the fornix is important for normal mnemonic function. The fornix, however, is a major white matter tract, carrying numerous hippocampal formation afferents and efferents, and it is not known which specific components support memory processes. Established theories of extended hippocampal function emphasize the sequential pathway from the hippocampal formation (i.e., subicular complex) to the mammillary bodies and, thence, to the anterior thalamus, as pathology in each of these structures is implicated in anterograde amnesia in humans and spatial memory deficits in rats. The specific importance of the hippocampal formation projections that just innervate the mammillary bodies has, however, never been tested. This study isolated these specific projections in the rat by selectively cutting the descending component of the postcommissural fornix. Two successive, cohorts of rats with these tract lesions were tested on working memory tasks in the water‐maze, T‐maze, and radial‐arm maze. Disconnecting the descending postcommissural fornix had only a mild effect or sometimes no apparent effect on the performance of these spatial memory tasks, even though tracing experiments confirmed the loss of hippocampal formation‐mammillary projections. One implication is that the spatial deficits found in rats following standard fornix lesions are only partly attributable to the loss of projections from the hippocampal formation to the mammillary bodies. Perhaps more surprising, the behavioral impact of cutting the descending postcommissural fornix in rats appeared appreciably less than the effect of either mammillary body or mammillothalamic tract lesions. The present experiments show that the mammillary bodies can still effectively support spatial memory in the absence of their dense subicular complex inputs, so revealing the importance of the other afferents for sustaining mammillary body function. This new evidence for independent functions shows that the mammillary bodies are more than just a hippocampal relay. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of different initialization protocols to obtain statistically independent molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Genheden Samuel , Ryde Ulf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe study how the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are affected by various choices during the setup, e.g., the starting velocities, the solvation, the location of protons, the conformation of His, Asn, and Gln residues, the protonation and titration of His residues, and the treatment of alternative conformations. We estimate the binding affinity of ligands to four proteins calculated with the MM/GBSA method (molecular mechanics combined with a generalized Born and surface area solvation energy). For avidin and T4 lysozyme, all variations gave similar results within 2 kJ/mol. For factor Xa, differences in the solvation or in the selection of alternative conformations gave results that are significantly different from those of the other approaches by 4–6 kJ/mol, whereas for galectin‐3, changes in the conformations, rotations, and protonation gave results that differed by 10 kJ/mol, but only if residues close to the binding site were modified. This shows that the results of MM/GBSA calculations are reasonably reproducible even if the MD simulations are set up with different software. Moreover, we show that the sampling of phase space can be enhanced by solvating the systems with different equilibrated water boxes, in addition to the common use of different starting velocities. If different conformations are available in the crystal structure, they should also be employed to enhance the sampling. Protonation, ionization, and conformations of Asn, Gln, and His may also be used to enhance sampling, but great effort should be spent to obtain as reliable predictions as possible close to the active site. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Local regulation of human breast xenograft models
Authors: Fleming Jodie M. , Miller Tyler C. , Meyer Matthew J. , Ginsburg Erika , Vonderhaar Barbara K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBreast cancer studies implant human cancer cells under the renal capsule, subcutaneously, or orthotopically and often use estrogen supplementation and immune suppressants (etoposide) in xenograft mouse models. However, cell behavior is significantly impacted by signals from the local microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated how the combinatorial effect of the location of injection and procedural differences affected xenograft characteristics. Patient‐derived breast cancer cells were injected into mouse abdominal or thoracic mammary glands ± estrogen and/or etoposide pretreatment. Abdominal xenografts had increased tumor incidence and volume, and decreased latency (P < 0.001) compared to thoracic tumors. No statistically significant difference in tumor volume was found in abdominal xenografts treated ± estrogen or etoposide; however, etoposide suppressed tumor volume in thoracic xenografts (P < 0.02). The combination of estrogen and etoposide significantly decreased tumor incidence in both sites. In addition, mice treated ± estradiol were injected orthotopically or subcutaneously with well‐characterized breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, ZR75‐1, MDA MB‐231, or MCF10Ca1h). Orthotopic injection increased tumor volume; growth varied with estrogen supplementation. Location also altered methylation status of several breast cancer‐related gene promoters. Lastly, vascularization of orthotopic tumors was significantly enhanced compared to subcutaneous tumors. These data suggest that optimal xenograft success occurs with orthotopic abdominal injections and illustrate molecular details of the compelling influence of the local microenvironment on in vivo models. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 795–806, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disabled‐2 is required for mesoderm differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells
Authors: Huang Chien‐Ling , Cheng Ju‐Chien , Kitajima Kenji , Nakano Toru , Yeh Chun‐Fung , Chong Kowit‐Yu , Tseng Ching‐Ping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA variety of signaling networks are implicated in the control of mesoderm differentiation. Previous studies demonstrated that Disabled‐2 (DAB2) is a multifunctional protein involved in growth factor signaling and embryonic development. In this study, we investigated DAB2 expression and function during in vitro mesoderm differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We found that DAB2 was up‐regulated when ESCs were co‐cultured with OP9 stromal cells for mesoderm differentiation. DAB2 was also up‐regulated when ESCs were induced for embryoid body formation. Expression of DAB2 short hairpin small interfering RNA (shDAB2) did not alter the puripotency of ESCs. However, shDAB2 disrupted ESCs cell‐cell adhesion and affected embryoid body and colony formation that subsequently impeded mesoderm differentiation of ESCs. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that disorganization of β‐catenin and plakoglobin cellular distribution may account for the aberrant cell–cell adhesion in DAB2‐deficient cells. Accordingly, DAB2 was identified as a plakoglobin‐binding partner with the interaction mediated by the phosphotyrosine binding domain of DAB2 and the Asn‐Pro‐Asp‐Tyr (NPDY) motif of plakoglobin. Molecular analysis and transcriptome profiling also revealed that DAB2 was involved in the regulation of insulin‐like growth factor 2‐mediated signaling and in the expression of p53, asparagine synthetase and glutathione peroxidase 2. Expression screening of 52 ESCs‐related miRNAs further unveiled the interplay between DAB2 and the signaling networks associated with cell death, differentiation and development. This study thereby defines a role of DAB2 in fate determination of ESCs and suggests the presence of a DAB2‐associated regulatory circuit in the control of mesoderm differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 92–105, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Authentication of the 31 species of toxic and potent chinese materia medica by microscopic technique assisted by ICP‐MS analysis, part 4: Four kinds of toxic and potent mineral arsenical CMMs
Authors: Li Qin , Chu Chu , Wang Ya‐Qiong , Chen Hu‐Biao , Li Ping , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractToxic and Potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) is a special and very important category of Chinese medicines. They have long been used in traditional medical practice and are being used more and more widely throughout the world in recent years. As there may be many fatal toxic effects caused by misusing or confusion of T/PCMM, their quality and safety control arouse increasing attention internationally. Researches on the accurate identification to ensure the safe use of T/PCMM are acquired; however, there are few reports on authentication. We are carrying out a series of studies on 31 T/PCMM originating from plants, animals, minerals, and secreta. In our previous studies, we proved that modern microscopic authentication is a simple, fast, effective, low cost, and less toxic method for identifying animal, seed, and flower T/PCMM. In the present study, we focused on the authentication of four kinds of mineral arsenicals, including orpiment (mainly containing As2S3), realgar (mainly containing As4S4), arsenolite, and arsenic trioxide (mainly containing As2O3). We examined the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the above minerals and found that they all can be easily identified and authenticated by using light microscopy coupled with polarized microscopy. Moreover, the authentication results for arsenolite and arsenic trioxide are confirmed by ICP‐MS analysis. We are sure that the morphological and microscopic characteristics indicated here are indispensable to establishing standards for these four mineral T/PCMMs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:1‐8, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of WGA lectin staining for visualization of the connective tissue in skeletal muscle, bone, and ligament/tendon studies
Authors: Kostrominova Tatiana Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDuring immunostaining of specific proteins in tissue sections using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, visualization of general tissue staining/background or major structural features is helpful to pinpoint precise localization of the protein of interest. Often in skeletal muscle research, immunostaining with antibodies against connective tissue or plasma membrane proteins (collagen 1, laminin, and caveolin 3) are used for this purpose. Although immunostaining for these proteins works well, it is time consuming, costly, limits the number of antibodies against protein of interest that can be used on a single section, and is not applicable to some staining techniques. Lectins were frequently used in earlier publications for skeletal muscle fiber boundaries and connective tissue visualization, but are not common in the current research studies. This work investigates costaining of muscle, bone, ligament, and tendon tissue sections with fluorescently tagged wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin as a tool for the visualization of connective tissue. The results of this study show that fluorescent WGA lectin costaining is a cost‐effective, fast, and convenient method for connective tissue visualization, especially in the studies where extensive washes reduce staining of the structures that are the primary interest of the investigation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:18‐22, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of ultrasonic excitation on the porosity of glass ionomer cement: A scanning electron microscope evaluation
Authors: Coldebella Cármen Regina , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes , Zuanon Angela Cristina Cilense 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Ultrasonic excitation (US) was applied to glass ionomer cement (GIC) during early set time to increase the advantageous properties of this material. Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the inner porosity of GIC after US. Study design: A total of 16 specimens, for each material, were prepared from high‐viscosity GIC Fuji IX GP, Ketac Molar, and Ketac Molar Easymix. Half of these specimens (n = 8) received 30 s of US during the initial cement setting. After completion of the material setting, specimens were fractured and observed by scanning electronic microscopy to quantitatively assay porosity inside the material using Image J software. Results: Statistical data analysis revealed that US reduced the porosity for all tested materials (P ≤ 0.05). The following reductions (expressed in percentages) were achieved: Fuji IX—from 3.9% to 2.8%; Ketac Molar Easy Mix—from 4.4% to 2.6%, and Ketac Molar—from 2.4% to 1.6%. Conclusion: Under the tested conditions, US was an effective method for porosity reduction inside the material. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:54‐57, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explanations for deformed frogs: plenty of research left to do (a response to Skelly and Benard)
Authors: Sessions Stanley K. , Ballengée Brandon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOur recent study (Ballengeé and Sessions, 2009. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 312B:1–10) shows that deformed frogs with missing limbs can be explained by sublethal “selective predation” by predators that are too small, or have mouthparts that are too small, to consume whole tadpoles. Skelly and Benard do not agree with our conclusions and feel that they are not well founded. Here we respond to their critique. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:341–346, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and pharmacological screening of derivatives of isoxazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine and isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidine
Authors: Wagner Edwin , Al‐Kadasi Kamal , Becan Lilianna , Sawka‐Dobrowolska Wanda 
Published: May 2010

Abstractmagnified imageA number of derivatives of isoxazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine and isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidine were prepared with potential anticancer activity. Condensation of 4‐amino‐5‐benzoyl‐isoxazolo‐3‐carboxylic acid hydrazide with ethyl orthoformate and then with different amines gave a series of 3‐benzoyl‐7‐oxo‐7H‐isoxazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐yl‐aryliden‐formamidine. A series of 5‐aminomethyl‐7‐phenyl‐isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐3‐carboxamide was obtained from 4‐amino‐5‐benzoylisoxazole‐3‐carboxamide with acetonitrile, and chloroacetonitrile with gaseous hydrogen chloride. Some of these compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).