bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEX PHEROMONE RESPONSES OF CHORISTONEURA SPP. AND THEIR HYBRIDS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sanders C. J. , Daterman G. E. , Ennis T. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField studies in Ontario, Oregon, and California on interspecific attraction and inhibition among the coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (the spruce budworm and its allies) confirmed specific pheromonal differences among the species. Of the three species that are mutually attractive and whose males are attracted by blends of trans- and cis-11-tetradecenal, C. fumiferana, C. biennis, and C. occidentalis, catches of C. fumiferana males in traps baited with C. fumiferana females were significantly reduced by the presence of females from a second group in which it is believed the females produce trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Catches of C. occidentalis males by C. occidentalis females were not affected in this way. F1 hybrids and backcrosses between an aldehyde-producing species and an acetate-producing species produced females that were attractive to males of one or other of the parent species, although some females were not attractive to either. Individual females never attracted males of both parent species, and of those that were attractive, more were attractive to males of the aldehyde species than to males of the acetate species. The results suggest sex-controlled inheritance and expression.
LABORATORY REARING OF THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): OVIPOSITION AND LARVAL DIETS
Authors: AliNiazee M. T. , Brown R. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a laboratory study, larvae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were successfully reared on an artificial diet consisting of wood pulp, agar, wheat germ, Brewer’s yeast, sugar, salt, choline chloride, ascorbic, citric and propionic acids, cholesterol, methyl para-hydroxybenzoate (MPH), and water. Ten other diets consisting of various ingredients obtained variable results. A premixed tropical fruit fly diet (prepared by Nutritional Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio) was not suitable for rearing the cherry maggots. Formaldehyde was not satisfactory as a mold inhibitor.The eggs were obtained on artificial cherries made up of a soft ceresin wax. No oviposition occurred on the other materials tested (candle wax, a regular ceresin wax, beeswax, and silicone). Significantly (5% level) more eggs were deposited on wax cherries of orange, green, and greenish-yellow colors than black, red, white and blue. A laboratory rearing method employing orange colored wax cherries and an artificial larval diet was established for culturing the western cherry fruit flies.
INFLUENCE OF TREE DIAMETER, ASPECT, AND MONTH KILLED ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SCOLYTIDS INFESTING BLACK OAKS
Authors: Roling M. P. , Kearby W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe scolytids, M. mali, M. fasciatum, X. saxeseni, X. ferrugineus, and X. xylographus, were attracted consistently to black oak trees killed each month from March to August, 1974. More beetles were attracted to larger diameter trees and most were trapped on the north aspect. The beetles showed no trends for attraction for trees killed in different months.
A NEW APPROACH TO SAN JOSE SCALE CONTROL (HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)
Authors: Downing R.S. , Logan D.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA laboratory experiment demonstrated that in San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), the male is susceptible to a number of insecticides. Diazinon was the most effective as it killed the males before they emerged from their shells. Males emerged and survived for a short time before being killed by residues of azinphosmethyl and endosulfan. In an orchard, a petal fall spray of diazinon or Penncap E applied when male scales started to emerge gave good control of San Jose scale and was as effective as three summer sprays of diazinon timed to emergence of crawlers. Penncap E was ineffective against the crawlers. Post-bloom sprays are necessary to control infestations of incrusted scale because a pre-bloom oil application usually fails to contact live scale that may be underneath one or more layers of old dead scale.
A SIMPLE BUBBLER FOR SORTING BOTTOM FAUNA SAMPLES BY ELUTRIATION
Authors: Kingsbury P. D. , Beveridge W. J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple bubbler for separating insects and other macroinvertebrates from aquatic bottom samples by elutriation is described. The apparatus is simple in construction and use and separated all groups of aquatic organisms from stream bottom samples with about 99% overall efficiency.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY AND A LABORATORY LIFE TABLE OF THE ACARINE PREDATOR ZETZELLIA MALI
Authors: White N. D. , Laing J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA rearing technique was developed to study various aspects of the biology of Zetzellia mali (Ewing) in the laboratory. The rate of development of Z. mali feeding upon the phytophagous mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) was determined at 9°±1°C and 14°±1°C (56% R.H.), 19°±1°C (33%, 56%, 76%, and 97% R.H.), and 24°±1°C (51% R.H.). The average preovipositional and ovipositional periods for 16 female Z. mali were 1.5 and 9.4 days respectively and an average of 1.7 eggs per day were laid by these females. Z. mali was found to be arrhenotokous with unmated females producing only male offspring and mated females producing 2.6 females: 1 male offspring. Diapause in Z. mali was broken at 24°±1°C, 16L:8D) with egg deposition beginning after 11 days (51% and 76% R.H.) or 12 days (33% and 96% R.H.) when the adults feed upon the winter eggs of Panonychus ulmi (Koch).A life table was constructed for Z. mali and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was determined to be 0.109 female offspring/female/day. The mean generation time (T) was calculated to be 21.0 days and the net reproductive rate (R0) during this time was 10.04. The theoretical stable age distribution of the laboratory population of Z. mali at 19°±1°C, 56% R.H. was 59% eggs, 15% larvae, 7% protonymphs, 6% deutonymphs, and 13% adults.Comparison of the intrinsic rates of increase and prey consumption of Z. mali and other species of predaceous mites indicate that Z. mali is not as efficient a regulating agent of phytophagous mites as the phytoseiids.
DISSEMINATION OF HOWARDULA SP. NEMATODES BY ADULT TOBACCO FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Elsey Kent D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA Howardula sp. nematode parasite of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer), was able to utilize the adult male to disseminate juveniles. At 27°C the mean total number of juveniles released per beetle was 369 for female beetles and 377 for males at an average rate of ca. 37 per day from both sexes. A cooler temperature retarded the onset of dissemination but did not affect the rate of release. Fifty-nine per cent of the free-living nematodes survived for 5–6 days, but none survived beyond 13 days. Seventy-nine per cent of the free-living nematodes were female.
RELATION OF BIRCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) NUMBERS TO PER CENT DEFOLIATION OF WHITE BIRCH
Authors: Raske A. G. , Bryant D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRegression equations of per cent defoliation of white birch stands,Betula papyriferaMarsh., to birch casebearer,Coleophora fuscedinellaZeller, eggs or larvae had precisions (standard error of the estimate, b) of about 20% of the estimate. Although log-transformation of counts stabilized the variance, it did not increase the precision of the equations. Precision of regression estimates based on data from whole-stratum sample units differed little from that from only four mid-crown branches. The latter sample universe is smaller and more rapidly examined.
NEW INDO-MALAYAN ODONTIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), WITH TAXONOMIC AND SYNONYMIC NOTES
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new odontiine taxa are described: Clupeosoma cicatricale, Sumatra; C. margarisemale, Java; C. microthyrale, Sabah; Hydrorybina fulvescens, Sumatra; Hemiscopis intermedialis, Soemba; Platynoorda, and its type-species P. atrivittalis, Sabah; Porphyronoorda, and its type-species P. decumbens, S. India; Gononoorda, its type-species G. neervoorti, Java; also G. jacobsoni, Sumatra. Hydrorybina Hampson is removed from the synonymy of Clupeosoma Snellen, and is redefined. In addition to the type-species, H. polusalis (Walker), and the new species H. fulvescens, the genus includes two species, Anemosa pryeri Butler and Clupeosoma violascens Hampson, transferred as new combinations from Clupeosoma. Syllythria bicolor Moore, placed first in Hydrorybina then in Clupeosoma by Hampson, is considered probably odontiine but probably not a member of either of those genera. It is left in Clupeosoma pending further investigation. Eurycreon? rubralis Warren is removed from the synonymy of C. bicolor and is transferred to the subfamily Pyraustinae as Pyrausta rubralis (Warren), n. comb. The relationship of Hydrorybina to Hemiscopis Warren is pointed out, and differential characters are given. Micromania Swinhoe, with type-species M. stigmatalis Swinhoe, is removed from the synonymy of Hemiscopis and is transferred to the subfamily Nymphulinae in the vicinity of Paracymoriza Warren, which is removed from the synonymy of Parthenodes Guenée. Noorda moringae Tams and N. trimaculalis Amsel are transferred to Epinoorda Rebel as new combinations.
A POPULATION MODEL FOR PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: COUPLING COTTON–HERBIVORE INTERACTION
Authors: Wang Y. , Gutierrez A. P. , Oster G. , Daxl R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA general population model for cotton growth and development is presented. The model captures the essential properties of the biological processes, and is sufficiently flexible to the incorporation of complex physiological and behavioral characteristics. The model has been used successfully to simulate the growth and development of Acala SJ-II cotton in California. The mathematical framework for coupling plants and herbivores has been presented, and the biological implications of their damage to the plant examined in a very general way.
TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF PUPATION AND EMERGENCE IN THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNAT A (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Barnard Donald R. , Mulla Mir S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe diel periodicity of pupation and emergence was studied in Culiseta inornata (Williston) under field conditions in the Lower Sonoran Desert of southern California. Floating isolation units were employed for observation of these two phenomena over an 8-day study period. Both male and female pharate pupae exhibited a diel periodicity of pupation. Two daily modes were apparent for this process; the first, of lesser amplitude at around 0400 h, and the second, main peak, near 1600 h daily (sunrise: 0635 h, sunset: 1559 h). Distinct diel periodicity of emergence was evident for both males and females of Cs. inornata, with the peak more pronounced for females. For both sexes, a single combined peak of emergence activity occurred daily at around 1600 h.The diel periodicity of emergence correlated significantly with fluctuations in water temperature. Other environmental conditions such as solar radiation, cloud cover, windspeed, and air temperature exerted no observable effect on pupation and emergence activity.
CARACTÉRISTIQUES ULTRASTRUCTURALES D’UNE MICROSPORIDIE INFECTANT TYRIA JACOBAEAE (LÉPIDOPTÈRE: ARCTIIDÉ)
Authors: Philogène B. J. R. , Massalski A. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLa microsporidie que l’on retrouve dans certaines populations de Tyria jacobaeae au Canada est caractérisée ici, au niveau ultrastructural pour la première fois. Il existe des différences avec d’autres microsporidies qui ont été observées ailleurs dans les mêmes détails.
METHODS FOR SAMPLING IMMATURE STAGES OF AEDES SPP. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN TEMPORARY PONDS
Authors: Enfield M. A. , Pritchard G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMethods for sampling eggs, larvae, and pupae of Aedes spp. in a temporary pond are described. Changes in the area of the pond were mapped by reference to 8 transect lines and correlated with depth at the centre. These pond outlines at different centre depths were also used for the characterization of sampling strata. Samples were taken along the 8 transects only. Soil cores were taken from the dry pond bed, and the larvae that hatched after repeated floodings in the laboratory were used as estimates of the number of viable eggs present in the cores. The temperature of the water used for flooding was adjusted to hatch the ’spring’ species separately from Aedes vexans and Aedes cinereus. Samples were taken in the spring of 1974, in the autumn after the pond had been naturally reflooded, and in the spring of 1975. The estimated number of eggs in the pond decreased with time and the number estimated to have hatched in the summer of 1974 was similar to the estimated number of larvae. The standard errors were about 10% of the mean. Larvae and pupae were sampled with a Belleville sampler and population estimates were obtained for Aedes vexans and Aedes cinereus in August 1974 and for the ’spring’ species, Aedes euedes and Aedes mercurator, in April–May 1975. The efficiency of this program increased when the sample size exceeded 40, when the size of the sample unit was appropriate to the density of larvae, and when sufficient time was allowed for larvae (1 h for instar I) to become trapped. However, standard errors of less than 10% of the mean were obtained only at high mosquito densities.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF SYNDYAS LOEW (DIPTERA: EMPIDIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H.J. , Chillcott J.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Syndyas Loew is revised for North America, and four of the six included species are described as new. A general description of the Nearctic species group is given, and keys are presented. All species but one are restricted to eastern North America. Three unplaced specimens that may represent additional species are discussed.
INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION IN ANOPHELES STEPHENSI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): II. THE EFFECTS OF MORE CROWDED DENSITIES AND THE ADDITION OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Reisen William K. , Emory Richard W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnopheles stephensi Liston larvae were reared in food- and space-limited environments to which a mixture of penicillin G, chloramphenicol, and amphotericin B was added to suppress microbial populations. Under crowded conditions larvae took longer to develop, exhibited reduced survival, had an extended pupation period, and produced adults that were smaller. Under uncrowded conditions slightly more males than females emerged, whereas under crowded conditions proportionately fewer males than females emerged. Indirect evidence suggested that inhibitory compounds that slowed development and increased larval mortality were produced by crowded larvae. The addition of antibiotics did not suppress all microbial populations, but rather selected for resistant Pseudomonas-group bacteria which actually increased in number. The addition of antibiotics increased developmental rates at uncrowded, but not crowded densities, increased larval mortality, and increased the size of the emerging adults. Residual antibiotics increased development rates in a subsequent bioassay of the rearing media.
ACCELERATION FIELD OF INDIVIDUAL MIDGES, ANARETE PRITCHARDI (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), WITHIN A SWARM
Authors: Okubo Akira , Chiang H. C. , Ebbesmeyer C. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe analyzed a roll of 16 mm motion-picture film of the swarming of a cecidomyiid midge, Anarete pritchardi Kim, to calculate the acceleration of individual insects. We find that the midge moves with high accelerations, occasionally twice the acceleration of gravity, and that the midge is also subject to an inward force predominantly at the swarm edge. Energetics of midge flight is also considered by using accelerations and related data.
EFFECTS OF PEA APHIDS,ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PEA PLANTS,PISUM SATIVUM
Authors: Barlow C. A. , Randolph Polley Ann , Randolph J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding by aphids during 11 days decreased plant weight between 4.7% at an initial density of 5 aphids/plant and 63.9% when the infestation began with 50 aphids/plant. At this infestation level, plant surface area was decreased by 54.3% after 10 days. Both soluble carbohydrate and total protein were reduced by aphid feeding but caloric equivalent of pea tissue was not significantly affected. Extraction by aphids of up to 3.5 cal/plant day was offset by a compensatory increase in production by the plant. Extraction of about 32.7 cal/plant day, equivalent to 0.46 adult aphids/cm2of plant surface, completely eliminated pea net primary productivity. The relation between energy extracted by aphids,X, and % reduction of plant NPP,Y= 5.54X−0.058X2−19.17. Aphid consumption affected pea production directly by removing the amount actually ingested and indirectly because of lost production that would have resulted from the consumed material. Maximum sustainable efficiency of utilization of pea NPP by aphids was between 41% and 47% and maximum sustainable efficiency of transfer of pea NPP to aphid biomass was between 20% and 23%. These high utilization and transfer efficiencies probably would be reduced under field conditions by factors which limit aphid numbers.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS δ-ENDOTOXEV: ON THE RELATIVE ROLES OF SPORES AND CRYSTALS IN TOXICITY TO SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Fast P. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNewly moulted sixth instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, were force fed graded dosages of preparations containing (1) purified crystals, (2) purified spores, and (3) mg/mg mixtures of purified spores and purified crystals. The LD50 for purified crystals was 0.094 μg/larva and for the mixture 0.096 μg/larva but the latter preparation had an LD50 of 0.048 μg/larva based on crystals indicating that the presence of 2.4 × 105 spores enhanced the toxicity of crystals twofold. The LD50 spore crystal corresponded to LD60 for crystals alone. The LD50 for spores treated with proteinase to remove residual crystals was 20 μg/larva, or 1,0 × 108 spores. The regression coefficients were not significantly different from each other in all three preparations indicating a common or similar mode of action. It is concluded that spores play little or no role in mortality of spruce budworm induced by Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides.
INTRODUCTION DE PARASITES ICHNEUMONIDES POUR LA LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE CONTRE FENUSA PUSILLA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) AU QUEBEC
Authors: Guèvremont H.C. , Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméEnviron 1,300 Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thompson) et 900 Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), ont été libérés au Québec, en 1974 et 1975, pour lutter contre la petite mineuse du bouleau, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.). Ces deux espèces de parasites européens ont été relâchées dans des peuplements de bouleau gris (Betula populifolla Marsh.) de quatre localités de la Vallée du St-Laurent. Les deux espèces ont engendré une progéniture mâle et femelle malgré l’absence d’accouplement bien caractérisé chez G. albipes. Trois générations de parasitoïdes, dont la première a hiverné, ont été enregistrées à la fin de l’été 1975. L’implantation de parasites de F. pusilla se présente jusqu’à date comme une réussite.
AN ANALYSIS OF INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF AMBLYSEIUS BERLESE USING METHODS OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY (ACARINA: PHYTOSEHDAE)
Authors: Chant D.A. , Hansell R.I.C. , Rowell H.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMorphological variation between two closely related species in the genus Amblyseius Berlese was examined by numerical taxonomic methods. Multivariate tests indicated that A. canadensis Chant and Hansell and A. novaescotiae (Chant) represent two separate and distinct morphological groups. This supports their taxonomic retention as valid species. Intraspecific morphological variation was also examined and found to be correlated with climatic and host plant variables.
RESPONSE OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA, AND THE CHERRY FRUIT FLY, R. FAUSTA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), TO PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE BAIT SPRAYS
Authors: Reissig W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNone of five mixtures of protein hydrolysate and azinphosmethyl which were applied as foliar sprays (1.0, 2.0, 5.0% yeast hydrolysate, 2.0% corn hydrolysate, and 2.0% soy hydrolysate) killed significantly more apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella, or black cherry fruit flies, R. fausta, than a spray of azinphosmethyl alone which was used as a control. This suggests that hydrolysate bait sprays would be no more effective than a toxicant alone in controlling these flies.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND FECUNDITY OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE)
Authors: McMullen R. D. , Jong C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt constant temperatures between 10.0° and 32.2°C with 16 h photoperiod development of eggs and nymphs was slowest at 10.0° (61.8 days av.) and most rapid at 26.7°C (27.0 days av.). Mortality of eggs and nymphs was moderate (43.7%) at 10.0°, least (24.2%) at 21.1°, and 100% at 32.2°C. Between 15.6° and 35.0°C, 16 h photoperiod, fecundity of winter form adults was greatest (486.3 eggs av) at 15.6° and lowest (0.0 eggs) at 35.0°C. For summer form adults fecundity was moderate (212.4 eggs av.) at 15.6°, maximum (444.9 and 447.3 eggs av., respectively) at 21.1° and 26.7°C, and least (2.8 eggs av.) at 35.0°C. Longevity of male and female winter and summer forms was greatest at the low temperature and least at the high temperature. These data are discussed with relation to field observations of natural pear psylla populations and control programs.
PEST MANAGEMENT: CONTROL OF ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS AND ARCHIPS ROSANUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON APPLE
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Potter S. A. , Peters F. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo leafroller spades are major pests of apple in British Columbia, Archips argyrospilus (Walker) and Archips rosanus (Linnaeus). Field observations showed that both species overwinter in the egg stage and that larval emergence times are similar. Experiments demonstrated that both species are susceptible to sprays of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, or trichlorfon applied at either the pink bud or petal fall stages. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) failed to control larvae of either species.
A CATALOGUE OF TYPES OF COLEOPTERA IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION OF INSECTS, SUPPLEMENT I
Authors: McNamara Jean 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe type material added to the Coleoptera Section of the Canadian National Collection of Insects from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1973 is catalogued. This new material consists of 258 holotypes and 129 allotypes; 42 species are represented by syntypes and 499 by paratypes or paralectotypes. The reference to the original description for each species is cited. All data associated with the specimens are quoted except in the case of paratypes, paralectotypes, and syntypes. An index to all species is included.