bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐FDG uptake and its clinical relevance in primary gastric lymphoma
Authors: Yi Jun Ho , Kim Seok Jin , Choi Joon Young , Ko Young Hyeh , Kim Byung‐Tae , Kim Won Seog 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe studied the clinical relevance of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in patients with primary gastric lymphoma underwent positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) scan. Forty‐two patients with primary gastric lymphoma were analysed: 32 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and 10 extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas). The PET/CT scans were compared with clinical and pathologic features, and the results of CT and endoscopy. Nine patients were up‐staged based on the results of their PET/CT scan compared to CT (seven DLBCLs, two MALT lymphomas) while six patients were down‐staged by the PET/CT scan. The standard uptake value (SUV) was used as an indicator of a lesion with a high metabolic rate. The high SUVmax group, defined as an SUVmax ≥ median value, was significantly associated with an advanced Lugano stage (p < 0.001). Three patients with DLBCL, who showed an initially high SUVmax, died of disease progression. Among 24 patients for whom follow‐up PET/CT scan with endoscopy was performed, 11 patients with ulcerative or mucosal lesions showed residual 18F‐FDG uptake. All of these gastric lesions were grossly and pathologically benign lesions without evidence of lymphoma cells. In conclusion, PET/CT scan can be used in staging patients with primary gastric lymphoma; however, the residual 18F‐FDG uptake observed during follow‐up should be interpreted cautiously and should be combined with endoscopy and multiple biopsies of the stomach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case‐control study of colorectal cancer detection by quantification of DNA isolated from directly collected exfoliated colonocytes
Authors: Loktionov Alexandre , Ferrett Colin G , Gibson Jeremy J S , Bandaletova Tatiana , Dion Carine , Llewelyn Andrew H , Lywood Hugo G G , Lywood Rupert C G , George Bruce D , Mortensen Neil J 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to assess an original test based on the analysis of exfoliated colonocytes as a new approach to colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. DNA was isolated from exfoliated cells collected from the surface of the rectal mucosa by a standardized minimally invasive procedure in a case‐control trial involving 66 patients with CRC diagnosis and 110 healthy volunteers (age 50–70). PicoGreen staining and quantitative real‐time PCR (QRTPCR) were used for DNA quantification. Mean DNA scores in μg/ml obtained for the control and cancer groups were 2.1 (95% CI 1.7–2.5) and 9.0 (CI 6.7–11.2) respectively (p < 0.001) for PicoGreen and 0.8 (CI 0.6–0.9) and 3.8 (CI 1.9–5.7) respectively (p = 0.003) for QRTPCR. The PicoGreen assay better detected CRC presence. At DNA score cut‐off point of 2.5 μg/ml this assay gave sensitivities of 77.8% (CI 52.4–93.6) for proximal tumours, 91.4% (CI 76.9–98.2) for distal CRC and 86.8% (CI 74.7–94.5) for all CRC with specificity at 74.0% (CI 64.0–82.4). Increasing the cut‐off point to 5.0 μg/ml resulted in sensitivities of 38.9% (CI 17.3–64.3) for proximal tumours, 71.4% (CI 53.7–85.4) for distal CRC and 60.4% (CI 46.0–73.5) for all CRC. Specificity for this cut‐off point increased to 94.8% (CI 88.3–98.3). The new procedure of exfoliated cell collection from the surface of the rectal mucosa is a simple, safe and well‐tolerated technique providing high quality cells. These early results suggest that exfoliated cell collection in combination with DNA quantification can potentially be employed as a tool for CRC early detection.
The Janus‐faced role of ezrin in “linking” cells to either normal or metastatic phenotype
Authors: Brambilla Daria , Fais Stefano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the majority of eukaryotic cells, the ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) proteins are involved in many physiologic functions including regulation of actin cytoskeleton, control of cell shape, adhesion, motility and modulation of signal transduction pathways. In a previous study, we used a dominant negative ezrin‐mutant to address ezrin involvement in remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and subsequently we depicted ezrin key role in melanoma cell migration and progression. Herein, we highlight recent advances on ezrin involvement in the metastatic phenomenon, including also some more neglected ezrin‐related functions. Novel molecular processes driven by ezrin activation include: phagocytosis, acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutics and triggering of programmed cell death signals. Recent data support an integrated role of ezrin also in development of tumor malignancy. On one hand, ezrin may be responsible of deranged execution of specific known functions such as adhesion and motility and on the other, it may also participate to unique metastatic determinants, through the establishment of aberrant linkages with tumor‐related proteins. For instance, ezrin misslocalization, absence or deranged activity has started to be correlated with tumor progression in many tumors of different species, including humans. Concomitantly, ezrin may act simultaneously as a regulatory or deregulatory chaperon in both normal and tumor cells. It is still to be established whether this Janus‐faced feature of ezrin is due to some unknown transforming Zelig‐like property or to the fact that a tumor‐associated molecule preferentially links to ezrin thus distracting it from its normal connections. However, the contribution of ezrin functional deregulation to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype appears clear and ezrin or ezrin aberrant associations may represent good candidates for future anti‐tumor therapies. © 2009 UICC
Gene transfer of NK4, an angiogenesis inhibitor, induces CT26 tumor regression via tumor‐specific T lymphocyte activation
Authors: Kubota Takeshi , Taiyoh Hiroaki , Matsumura Atsushi , Murayama Yasutoshi , Ichikawa Daisuke , Okamoto Kazuma , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Ikoma Hisashi , Nakanishi Masayoshi , Kikuchi Shojiro , Ochiai Toshiya , Sakakura Chouhei , Kokuba Yukihito , Sonoyama Teruhisa , Suzuki Yoshinori , Matsumoto Kunio , Nakamura Toshikazu , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to be involved in malignant behaviors, such as invasion and metastasis, in different tumors. Hence, HGF could be a target molecule for control of the malignant potential of cancer. NK4 is a competitive antagonist for HGF and exerts an antitumor activity, not only by HGF antagonism but also by antiangiogenesis. Here, we studied the participation of cellular immunity in CT26 tumor regression by NK4 gene transfer. In vivo experiments showed that NK4‐induced inhibition of subcutaneous tumor growth (as demonstrated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice) was weakened in T lymphocyte‐deficient nude mice. In addition, the immunocompetent BALB/c mice that had shown complete regression of CT26‐NK4 tumors generated an immune memory against repeated challenge with the same tumor antigen. Immunohistochemistry of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes showed that the ratio of CD8/CD4 in CT26‐NK4 tumors was significantly higher than that in control tumors. Also, the presence of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes markedly abrogated the antitumor activity of NK4. However, NK4 had no direct effect on the in vitro cellular immune system. Taken together, these data indicate that NK4 expression by gene transfer, at the tumor site, triggers tumor‐specific CTL activation, resulting in complete CT26 tumor regression in vivo. This action was considered to be due to apoptosis induced by NK4's potent antiangiogenic and HGF antagonistic effects. © 2009 UICC
Differential oncogenic potential of geographically distinct Helicobacter pylori CagA isoforms in mice
Authors: Miura Motohiro , Ohnishi Naomi , Tanaka Shinya , Yanagiya Kohei , Hatakeyama Masanori 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInfection with cagA‐positive Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric carcinoma. The cagA‐encoded CagA protein is delivered into gastric epithelial cells and, upon tyrosine phosphorylation at the C‐terminal EPIYA segments, binds and deregulates SHP‐2 oncoprotein. On the basis of the differential alignment of the EPIYA segments, CagA can be subdivided into Western CagA, which is produced by H. pylori isolated in Western countries, and East Asian CagA, which is produced by H. pylori circulating in East Asian countries. Western CagA contains EPIYA‐A, EPIYA‐B and variable numbers of EPIYA‐C segments, whereas East Asian CagA contains EPIYA‐A, EPIYA‐B and variable numbers of EPIYA‐D segments. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, EPIYA‐C and EPIYA‐D, respectively, serve as low‐affinity and high‐affinity SHP‐2‐binding sites. We previously reported that systemic expression of East Asian CagA (CagA‐ABDD) induces gastrointestinal and hematopoietic malignancies in mice. In this study, we generated transgenic mice that systemically express Western CagA (CagA‐ABCCC), the levels of which are comparable to those in mice expressing East Asian CagA. The mice developed gastric epithelial hypertrophy and gastrointestinal tumors and also showed lymphoid abnormality but not myeloid abnormalities such as granulocytosis and myeloid leukemia found in mice carrying East Asian CagA. The incidence of tumors in mice expressing Western CagA was significantly lower than that in mice expressing East Asian CagA. Our results indicate that Western CagA is qualitatively less oncogenic than East Asian CagA. Differential oncogenic potential of geographically distinct CagA isoforms may contribute to the differential prevalence of gastric carcinoma between East Asian countries and Western countries. © 2009 UICC
Cancer and viral infections in immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Schulz Thomas F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOver the last 30 years, the increasing use of organ and stem cell transplantation and the AIDS epidemic have led to the realization that some, but not all, human cancers occur more frequently in immunosuppressed individuals. With the notable exception of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), most tumors that show strongly increased incidence rates in both transplant recipients and AIDS patients have been found to have a viral etiology. Among these are Kaposi sarcoma, diffuse large cell B‐cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma and a subset of Hodgkin's disease. A viral etiology for NMSC, i.e., β‐ and γ‐subtypes of human papillomavirus, has been suggested and investigated for many years, but remains controversial. In addition, the moderately increased incidence rates of several other cancers in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., Vajdic and van Leeuwen, Int J Cancer, in press) could indicate that additional infectious causes for at least some human cancers remain to be discovered. The controversy surrounding the role of cutaneous papillomavirus subtypes in the pathogenesis of NMSC illustrates the difficulties encountered when weighing the epidemiological and molecular biology evidence arguing for an involvement of highly prevalent viruses in certain types of cancer. © 2009 UICC
Diffraction imaging of spheres and melanoma cells with a microscope objective
Authors: Jacobs Kenneth M. , Yang Li V. , Ding Junhua , Ekpenyong Andrew E. , Castellone Reid , Lu Jun Q. , Hu Xin‐Hua 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDiffraction imaging of polystyrene spheres and B16F10 mouse melanoma cells embedded in gel has been investigated with a microscope objective. The diffraction images acquired with the objective from a sphere have been shown to be comparable to the Mie theory based projection images of the scattered light if the objective is translated to defocused positions towards the sphere. Using a confocal imaging based method to reconstruct and analyze the 3D structure, we demonstrated that genetic modifications in these cells can induce morphological changes and the modified cells can be used as an experimental model for study of the correlation between 3D morphology features and diffraction image data. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elastic properties of porcine ocular posterior soft tissues
Authors: Chen Kinon , Rowley Adrian P. , Weiland James D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examine the thickness and mechanical properties of the porcine posterior retina, choroid, and sclera in different environments and surface directions. Vertical and horizontal samples were surgically obtained. Uniaxial experiments were performed in room‐temperature air, room‐temperature saline, and body‐temperature saline. Sample thicknesses were estimated optically. Thickness of all layers was found to vary significantly among the samples; thickness standard deviation of the mean was 24, 19, and 19% for the retina, choroid, and sclera, respectively. Transition stresses and heel moduli of all layers were consistently higher in saline than air. The retinal stress–strain relationship in air was typically linear with significantly lower horizontal transition strain. Transition stresses and moduli of all layers were consistently lower in body than room temperature and the differences in the transition stresses and heel moduli of the retina and sclera were significant. Also, the sclera had significantly lower transition strains in body temperature. These results illustrate the importance of testing the tissues at conditions like those found in the body. In body‐temperature saline, all layers behaved nonlinearly, but only the retina exhibited surface anisotropy between the vertical and horizontal directions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Effect of blood group on idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Zuberi Lara , Yerasuri Durga , Kuriakose Philip 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a condition caused by deficiency of ADAMTS13 resulting in accumulation of ultra large Von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF), leading to micro thrombi in multiple organs. The varying susceptibilities of blood group antigens to ADAMTS13 have been demonstrated. A and B antigens are protective of VWF; and VWF purified from blood group O individuals has been shown to be cleaved faster by ADAMTS13 compared to VWF from blood group AB individuals. We proposed that there may be a difference in the incidence of blood groups in TTP patients compared with the general population. We felt this to be important for a life‐threatening disease with poorly understood epidemiology. We report a retrospective analysis of 74 patients presenting from 1993 to 2008 with idiopathic TTP. We studied the incidence across various blood groups and also estimated the recurrence and mortality in each group. The incidence of various blood groups were as follows: O 36%, A 36%, B 25%, and AB 2%, compared with expected frequencies in the Detroit area: O 44%, A 33% B 20%, and AB 3%. There was a trend of lower than expected frequency of blood group O. There were 24 recurrences and 14 deaths, uniform across blood groups. We hypothesized that there may be an association between blood groups and the risk of TTP; however the differences in our study were not statistically significant. Recurrence and disease specific mortality did not appear to be impacted by blood group. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and crystallographic evolution of bainite transformation in Fe‐0.15C binary alloy
Authors: Zhang Di , Terasaki Hidenori , Komizo Yuichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this article, an in situ observation method, combining laser scanning confocal microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction, was used to investigate the morphological and crystallographic evolution of bainite transformation in a Fe‐0.15C binary alloy. The nucleation at a grain boundary and inclusions, sympathetic nucleation, and impingement event of bainitic ferrite were directly shown in real time. The variant evolution during bainite transformation and misorientation between bainitic ferrites were clarified. Strong variant selection was observed during sympathetic nucleation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel amide‐crownophanes and Schiff base‐crownophanes based on p‐phenylene, 2,6‐naphthalene, and 9,10‐anthracene
Authors: Muathen Hussni A. , Aloweiny Nour A. M. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe novel macrocyclic diamides 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 13, 13a, 13b, 13c, 16, 17, 18 are obtained in 45–66% yields by the reaction of dipotassium salts 10a, 10b, 10c and 15 with each of 1,4‐di(bromomethyl)benzene 4, 2,6‐di(bromomethyl)naphthalene 6 and 9,10‐di(bromomethyl)anthracene 8, repectively, in boiling DMF. On the other hand, the new macrocyclic Schiff bases 28 and 29 are obtained in 44% and 42% yields by heating the appropriate bis‐amines 25b, 26b with the corresponding bis‐aldehydes 21, 22, respectively, in refluxing acetic acid under high‐dilution conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem. (2009).
Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3]thiazine‐5‐carboxylates via one‐pot reaction of N‐substituted‐hydrazino‐carbothioamides with diethyl maleate
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Hassan Alaa A. , Ibrahim Yusria R. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageDiethyl maleate reacts with N‐substituted‐hydrazino‐carbothioamides to form ethyl [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3]thiazine‐5‐carboxylates. Reaction proceeds via bicyclization and oxidation processes. J. Heterocyclic Chem. (2009).
Numerical modeling of the route‐to‐chaos of semiconductor lasers under optical feedback and its dependence on the external‐cavity length
Authors: Ahmed Moustafa , Yamada Minoru , Abdulrhmann Salah 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates numerically influence of the external‐cavity length on the type of the route‐to‐chaos of semiconductor lasers under external optical feedback. The study is based on numerical solution of a time‐delay model of rate equations, and the solutions are employed to construct bifurcation diagrams and to examine the Fourier frequency spectrum of the laser output. The ratio of the relaxation frequency to the external‐cavity resonance frequency is employed to measure the influence of the length of the external cavity. The route‐to‐chaos is period doubling when this frequency ratio is less than unity. The route is sub‐harmonic when the frequency ratio increases up to 2.25. When the frequency ratio increases further, the transition to chaos becomes quasi‐periodic characterized by the compound‐cavity frequency and the relaxation frequency as well as their difference. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interannual variations in seasonal march of rainfall in the Philippines
Authors: Akasaka Ikumi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study investigated interannual variations in seasonal march of rainfall in the Philippines by revealing onset and withdrawal pentads of rainy seasons from 1961 to 2000. For defining the onset and withdrawal of rainy season, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied. As a result, the onset of summer rainy season, when started in mid‐May on the average, was frequently delayed and fluctuated more greatly after the latter half of the 1970s. Such characteristics were not found in the onset of autumn rainy season, which corresponds to the increase in rainfall amount on the east coast. To clarify causes of the long‐term change in the onset timing of the summer rainy season, we classified transition patterns of atmospheric circulation related to the onset of the summer rainy season by applying the EOF analysis to spatial anomalies of geopotential height at 850 hPa level. The first two dominant EOF modes showed three important triggers of the onset of the summer rainy season in atmospheric circulation: (1) the northeastwards shift in the subtropical high over the western North Pacific, (2) the evolution of the monsoon trough over the northern South China Sea and (3) the great approach of the easterly wave. Additionally, interannual variations in the time coefficients of EOF1 have a positive tendency on the boundary of the latter half of the 1970s and are significantly correlated with those in the onset of the summer rainy season. That is, it was suggested that the change of the onset timing in the summer rainy season after the latter half of the 1970s was related to a long‐term change in transition patterns of atmospheric circulation connected with the onset of the summer rainy season. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Holocene alpine glaciation inferred from lacustrine sediments on northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth K. , Szymanski Jason , Briner Jason P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith accelerated melting of alpine glaciers, understanding the future state of the cryosphere is critical. Because the observational record of glacier response to climate change is short, palaeo‐records of glacier change are needed. Using proglacial lake sediments, which contain continuous and datable records of past glacier activity, we investigate Holocene glacier fluctuations on northeastern Baffin Island. Basal radiocarbon ages from three lakes constrain Laurentide Ice Sheet retreat by ca. 10.5 ka. High sedimentation rates (0.03 cm a−1) and continuous minerogenic sedimentation throughout the Holocene in proglacial lakes, in contrast to organic‐rich sediments and low sedimentation rates (0.005 cm a−1) in neighbouring non‐glacial lakes, suggest that glaciers may have persisted in proglacial lake catchments since regional deglaciation. The presence of varves and relatively high magnetic susceptibility from 10 to 6 ka and since 2 ka in one proglacial lake suggest minimum Holocene glacier extent ca. 6–2 ka. Moraine evidence and proglacial and threshold lake sediments indicate that the maximum Holocene glacier extent occurred during the Little Ice Age. The finding that glaciers likely persisted through the Holocene is surprising, given that regional proxy records reveal summer temperatures several degrees warmer than today, and may be due to shorter ablation seasons and greater accumulation‐season precipitation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational assignments and electronic structure calculations for 6‐thioguanine
Authors: Gunasekaran S. , Kumaresan S. , Arunbalaji R. , Anand G. , Seshadri S. , Muthu S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of thioguanine have been recorded. Ab initio and density functional computations of the vibrational (IR) spectrum, the molecular geometry, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO)–Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy gaps and polarizabilities were studied. On the basis of the comparison between calculated and experimental results and the comparison with related molecules, assignments of fundamental vibrational modes are examined. The observed and simulated spectra were found to be well comparable. The electronic transition energies and intensities of spectral lines were carried out using TDDFT and ZINDO methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.