bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korrektur zu: Mein kleiner grüner Kaktus
Authors: Streller Sabine , Roth Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Artikel “Mein kleiner grüner Kaktus”, der im letzten Heft erschienen ist, befindet sich auf Seite 293 ein Fehler in Abbildung 12. Das C‐3 der Ribulose 5 weist die falsche Konfiguration auf. Wir haben die Abbildung mit korrekter Formel hier noch einmal abgedruckt und bitten den Fehler zu entschuldigen. Professor Dr. Sven Doye von der Uni Oldenburg danken wir für seinen Hinweis.
Morphological changes in Daphnia galeata induced by a crustacean terpenoid hormone and its analog
Authors: Oda Shigeto , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Tatarazako Norihisa , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Terpenoid hormones in insects (i.e., juvenile hormones) have various effects on physiology, morphology, and behavior, producing a wide range of phenotypic variation. Recent studies have shown that sex determination in cladoceran crustaceans is under the strong control of a major terpenoid hormone of crustaceans, methyl farnesoatote (MF). It can be easily conceived that MF is also a major determinant of other traits in cladocerans. In the present study, morphological changes known as antipredatory responses in a cladoceran Daphnia galeata in response to exposure to MF and a juvenile hormone-mimicking pesticide, fenoxycarb, were investigated. Morphological change was studied using neonates less than 24 h old, exposed either to MF at the concentrations from 1.9 to 30 µg/L, or fenoxycarb at the concentrations from 13 to 200 ng/L, for 6 d. Animals developed a longer helmet at 1.9 µg/L of MF and 25 ng/L of fenoxycarb, and showed a concentration-dependent elongation. However, the tail spine was reduced in size in a concentration-dependent manner. Results of the present study not only give new insight into the mechanisms of inducible defenses in cladocerans, but also provide invaluable information to understand ecological and evolutionary consequences of endocrine disruption through the shift in biological interaction between predator and prey. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:232–238. © 2010 SETAC
A unified framework for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes and the phenomenology of episodic memory
Authors: Ranganath Charan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is currently an intense debate about the nature of recognition memory and about the roles of medial temporal lobe subregions in recognition memory processes. At a larger level, this debate has been about whether it is appropriate to propose unified theories to explain memory at neural, functional, and phenomenological levels of analysis. Here, I review findings from physiology, functional imaging, and lesion studies in humans, monkeys, and rodents relevant to the roles of medial temporal lobe subregions in recognition memory, as well as in short‐term memory and perception. The results from these studies are consistent with the idea that there is functional heterogeneity in the medial temporal lobes, although the differences among medial temporal lobe subregions do not precisely correspond to different types of memory tasks, cognitive processes, or states of awareness. Instead, the evidence is consistent with the idea that medial temporal lobe subregions differ in terms of the kind of information they process and represent, and that these regions collectively support episodic memory by binding item and context information. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive, interactive multiple memory systems
Authors: Henson Richard N. , Gagnepain Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost lesion studies in animals, and neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging studies in humans, have focused on finding dissociations between the functions of different brain regions, for example in relation to different types of memory. While some of these dissociations can be questioned, particularly in the case of neuroimaging data, we start by assuming a “modal model” in which at least three different memory systems are distinguished: an episodic system (which stores associations between items and spatial/temporal contexts, and which is supported primarily by the hippocampus); a semantic system (which extracts combinations of perceptual features that define items, and which is supported primarily by anterior temporal cortex); and modality‐specific perceptual systems (which represent the sensory features extracted from a stimulus, and which are supported by higher sensory cortices). In most situations however, behavior is determined by interactions between these systems. These interactions reflect the flow of information in both “forward” and “backward” directions between memory systems, where backward connections transmit predictions about the current item/features based on the current context/item. Importantly, it is the resulting “prediction error”—the difference between these predictions and the forward transmission of sensory evidence—that drives memory encoding and retrieval. We describe how this “predictive interactive multiple memory systems” (PIMMS) framework can be applied to human neuroimaging data acquired during encoding or retrieval phases of the recognition memory paradigm. Our novel emphasis is thus on associations rather than dissociations between activity measured in key brain regions; in particular, we propose that measuring the functional coupling between brain regions will help understand how these memory systems interact to guide behavior. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The single place fields of CA3 cells: A two‐stage transformation from grid cells
Authors: de Almeida Licurgo , Idiart Marco , Lisman John E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGranule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) generally have multiple place fields, whereas CA3 cells, which are second order, have only a single place field. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which the high selectivity of CA3 cells is achieved. Previous work showed that the multiple place fields of DG neurons could be quantitatively accounted for by a model based on the number and strength of grid cell inputs and a competitive network interaction in the DG that is mediated by gamma frequency feedback inhibition. We have now built a model of CA3 based on similar principles. CA3 cells receive input from an average of one active DG cell and from 1,400 cortical grid cells. Based on experimental findings, we have assumed a linear interaction of the two pathways. The results show that simulated CA3 cells generally have a single place field, as observed experimentally. Thus, a two‐step process based on simple rules (and that can occur without learning) is able to explain how grid cell inputs to the hippocampus give rise to cells having ultimate spatial selectivity. The CA3 processes that produce a single place depend critically on the competitive network processes and do not require the direct cortical inputs to CA3, which are therefore likely to perform some other unknown function. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How long does victimization foster fear of crime? A longitudinal study
Authors: Russo Silvia , Roccato Michele 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe studied the relationship between victimization and fear of crime longitudinally, analyzing data from the Observatory of the North‐West (Italian national sample, N=1,701, two waves: January 2006 and January 2007). We modeled fear of crime at T2 using as independent variables: (a) the main sociodemographic variables and fear of crime, as assessed at T1; (b) direct victimization; and (c) indirect victimization. Recent direct victimization was the most effective victimization predictor of both concrete and abstract fears, followed by multiple or repeat direct victimization. On the other hand, direct victimization occurring in the 12 months before the first wave did not influence fear. Recent indirect victimization and, above all, multiple or repeat indirect victimization influenced concrete, but not abstract, fear of crime, while direct victimization occurring in the 12 months before the first wave did not foster fear. We discuss the limits of this work and possible further directions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous biopsy of anterior mediastinal mass guided by real‐time US fused with CT
Authors: Chen Fen , Jiang Tian‐an , Zhao Qi‐yu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report a case of successful fused CT‐sonographic imaging‐guided percutaneous biopsy of an anterior mediastinal mass, which was visualized poorly with conventional sonography. Real‐time sonography fused with CT can be useful for biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses that are not well visualized on conventional sonography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Who won the Winter 2010 Olympics? A quest into priorities and rankings
Authors: Saaty Thomas L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDuring and at the end of Olympic games, we are always given the number of gold, silver and bronze medals won by each country and often the total number won as an indicator of the surmised winner. The groups that report the medal count in this manner indicate that they believe all medals are the same, regardless of the kind of medal involved. Perhaps one reason it is done this way is because there has not been a scientific way to assign appropriate weights to each type of medal. This paper explores use of the measurement theory, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to quantify the values of gold, silver and bronze medals and use these values to compute the total value of the medals won by the leading countries in order to determine which country may be considered the winner of the 21st Winter Olympics held February 12–28, 2010, in Vancouver, Canada. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgenic over‐expression of growth differentiation factor 11 propeptide in skeleton results in transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra
Authors: Li Zicong , Kawasumi Miyuri , Zhao Baoping , Moisyadi Stefan , Yang Jinzeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is one of the significant genes that control skeletal formation. Knockout of GDF11 function causes abnormal patterning of the anterior/posterior axial skeleton. The mRNA of GDF11 is initially translated to a precursor protein that undergoes a proteolytic cleavage to generate the C‐terminal peptide or mature GDF11, and the N‐terminal peptide named GDF11 propeptide. The propeptide can antagonize GDF11 activity in vitro. To investigate the effects of GDF11 propeptide on GDF11 function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that over‐express the propeptide cDNA in skeletal tissue. The transgenic mice showed formation of extra ribs on the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) as a result of transformation of the C7 vertebra into a thoracic vertebra. The GDF11 propeptide transgene mRNA was detected in tail tissue in embryos and was highly expressed in tail and calvaria bones after birth. A high frequency of C7 rib formation was noticed in the transgenic mouse line with a high level of transgene expression. The anterior boundaries of Hoxa‐4 and Hoxa‐5 mRNA in situ expressions showed cranial shifts from their normal prevertebra locations in transgenic embryos. These results demonstrated significant effects of GDF11 propeptide transgene on vertebral formation, which are likely occurring through depressing GDF11 function and altered locations of Hoxa‐4 and Hoxa‐5 expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:990–997, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐pass contrast‐enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI in mice on a 3‐T clinical MR scanner
Authors: Makowski Marcus , Jansen Christian , Webb Ian , Chiribiri Amedeo , Nagel Eike , Botnar Rene , Kozerke Sebastian , Plein Sven 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFirst‐pass contrast‐enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI in rodents has so far not been possible due to the temporal and spatial resolution requirements. We developed a new first‐pass perfusion MR method for rodent imaging on a clinical 3.0‐T scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) that employed 10‐fold k‐space and time domain undersampling with constrained image reconstruction, using temporal basis sets (k‐t principle component analysis) to achieve a spatial resolution of 0.2 × 0.2 × 1.5mm3 and an acquisition window of 43 msec. The method was successfully tested in five healthy and four infarcted mice (C57BL/6J) at heart rates of 495.1 ± 45.8 beats/min. Signal‐intensity‐time profiles showed a percentage myocardial signal increase of 141.3 ± 38.9% in normal mice, compared with 44.7 ± 32.4% in infarcted segments. Mean myocardial blood flow by Fermi function for constrained deconvolution in control mice was 7.3 ± 1.5 mL/g/min, comparable to published literature, with no significant differences between three myocardial segments. In infarcted segments, myocardial blood flow was significantly reduced to 1.2 ± 0.8 mL/g/min (P < 0.01). This is the first report of first‐pass myocardial perfusion MR in a mouse model on a clinical 3‐T MR scanner and using a k‐t undersampling method. Data were acquired on a 3‐T scanner, using an approach similar to clinical acquisition protocols, thus facilitating translation of imaging findings between rodent and human studies. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimates of systolic and diastolic myocardial blood flow by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Radjenovic Aleksandra , Biglands John D. , Larghat Abdulghani , Ridgway John P. , Ball Stephen G. , Greenwood John P. , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Plein Sven 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMyocardial blood flow varies during the cardiac cycle in response to pulsatile changes in epicardial circulation and cyclical variation in myocardial tension. First‐pass assessment of myocardial perfusion by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is one of the most challenging applications of MRI because of the spatial and temporal constraints imposed by the cardiac physiology and the nature of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI signal collection. Here, we describe a dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI method for simultaneous assessment of systolic and diastolic myocardial blood flow. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated in a study of 17 healthy volunteers at rest and under adenosine‐induced vasodilatory stress. We found that myocardial blood flow was independent of the cardiac phase at rest. However, under adenosine‐induced hyperemia, myocardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion reserve were significantly higher in diastole than in systole. Furthermore, the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion reserve was cardiac phase dependent, with a reversal of the typical subendocardial to subepicardial myocardial blood flow gradient in systole, but not diastole, under stress. The observed difference between systolic and diastolic myocardial blood flow must be taken into account when assessing myocardial blood flow using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Furthermore, targeted assessment of systolic or diastolic perfusion using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of ischemic and microvascular heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse myocardial first‐pass perfusion MR imaging
Authors: Coolen Bram F. , Moonen Rik P. M. , Paulis Leonie E. M. , Geelen Tessa , Nicolay Klaas , Strijkers Gustav J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA first‐pass myocardial perfusion sequence for mouse cardiac MRI is presented. A segmented ECG‐triggered acquisition combined with parallel imaging acceleration was used to capture the first pass of a Gd‐DTPA bolus through the mouse heart with a temporal resolution of 300–400 msec. The method was applied in healthy mice (N = 5) and in mice with permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery (N = 6). Baseline semiquantitative perfusion values of healthy myocardium showed excellent reproducibility. Infarct regions revealed a significant decrease in the semiquantitative myocardial perfusion values (0.05 ± 0.02) compared to remote myocardium (0.20 ± 0.04). Myocardial areas of decreased perfusion correlated well to infarct areas identified on the delayed‐enhancement scans. This protocol is a valuable addition to the mouse cardiac MRI toolbox for preclinical studies of ischemic heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo high resolution magic angle spinning metabolic profiles describe intratumoral histopathological tissue properties in adult human gliomas
Authors: Croitor Sava A. , Martinez‐Bisbal M. C. , Van Huffel S. , Cerda J. M. , Sima D. M. , Celda B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn gliomas one can observe distinct histopathological tissue properties, such as viable tumor cells, necrotic tissue or regions where the tumor infiltrates normal brain. A first screening between the different intratumoral histopathological tissue properties would greatly assist in correctly diagnosing and prognosing gliomas. The potential of ex vivo high resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy in characterizing these properties is analyzed and the biochemical differences between necrosis, high cellularity and border tumor regions in adult human gliomas are investigated. Statistical studies applied on sets of metabolite concentrations and metabolite ratios extracted from 52 high resolution magic angle spinning recordings coming from patients with different grades of glial tumors show a strong correlation between the histopathological tissue properties and the considered metabolic profiles, regardless of the malignancy grade. The results are in agreement with the pathology obtained by the histopathological examination that succeeded the high resolution magic angle spinning measurements. The metabolite concentration set can better differentiate between the considered histopathological tissue properties compared to the ratios. Representative reference tissue models describing the metabolic behavior are extracted for characterizing the intratumoral tissue properties. The proposed metabolic profiles reflect that the metabolites behavior is interconnected, and typical biochemical patterns emerge for each histopathological tissue property. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A parallel imaging technique using mutual calibration for split‐blade diffusion‐weighted PROPELLER
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Pipe James G. , Aboussouan Eric , Karis John P. , Huo Donglai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSplit‐blade diffusion‐weighted periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (DW‐PROPELLER) was proposed to address the issues associated with diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging such as geometric distortion and difficulty in high‐resolution imaging. The major drawbacks with DW‐PROPELLER are its high SAR (especially at 3T) and violation of the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill condition, which leads to a long scan time and narrow blade. Parallel imaging can reduce scan time and increase blade width; however, it is very challenging to apply standard k‐space‐based techniques such as GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) to split‐blade DW‐PROPELLER due to its narrow blade. In this work, a new calibration scheme is proposed for k‐space‐based parallel imaging method without the need of additional calibration data, which results in a wider, more stable blade. The in vivo results show that this technique is very promising. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microfabricated high‐moment micrometer‐sized MRI contrast agents
Authors: Zabow Gary , Dodd Stephen J. , Shapiro Erik , Moreland John , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhile chemically synthesized superparamagnetic microparticles have enabled much new research based on MRI tracking of magnetically labeled cells, signal‐to‐noise levels still limit the potential range of applications. Here it is shown how, through top‐down microfabrication, contrast agent relaxivity can be increased several‐fold, which should extend the sensitivity of such cell‐tracking studies. Microfabricated agents can benefit from both higher magnetic moments and higher uniformity than their chemically synthesized counterparts, implying increased label visibility and more quantitative image analyses. To assess the performance of microfabricated micrometer‐sized contrast agent particles, analytic models and numerical simulations are developed and tested against new microfabricated agents described in this article, as well as against results of previous imaging studies of traditional chemically synthesized microparticle agents. Experimental data showing signal effects of 500‐nm thick, 2‐μm diameter, gold‐coated iron and gold‐coated nickel disks verify the simulations. Additionally, it is suggested that measures of location better than the pixel resolution can be obtained and that these are aided using well‐defined contrast agent particles achievable through microfabrication techniques. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified C7 neurotization for the treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Lin Haodong , Hou Chunlin , Chen Desong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractContralateral C7 transfer is used rarely in infants with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). We aimed to determine the efficacy of contralateral C7 transfer to two different recipient nerves in infants with OBPP. Between 2001 and 2005, 9 infants with brachial plexus root avulsions underwent nerve reconstruction using a modified C7 neurotization technique. In this procedure, the contralateral C7 root was transferred to both the musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve on the affected side. The strength of the biceps muscles increased to M3 or M4 in 7 patients and to M2 in 2 patients. The median nerve transfers led to regained motor function and strength of wrist and finger flexors with improvement to M3 or M4 in 5 patients. All patients showed notable gains of sensory function. Contralateral C7 transfer to two different recipient nerves is a feasible and efficient approach in infants with OBPP. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Comparison of quadriceps inactivation between nerve and muscle stimulation
Authors: Place Nicolas , Casartelli Nicola , Glatthorn Julia F. , Maffiuletti Nicola A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the use of direct muscle stimulation for quantifying quadriceps inactivation at different contraction levels as opposed to conventional twitch interpolation using nerve stimulation. Fourteen healthy volunteers were tested. Paired stimuli were delivered to the femoral nerve or to the quadriceps muscle belly during voluntary contractions ranging from 20% to 100% of maximum, and the amplitude of the superimposed doublet was quantified to investigate inactivation. Superimposed doublet for muscle and nerve stimulation, respectively between the range of 60% to 100% of maximum (e.g., at 100%, muscle stimulation was 14 ± 5 Nm and nerve stimulation was 15 ± 6 Nm). Despite higher current doses, muscle stimulation was associated with less discomfort than nerve stimulation (P < 0.05). Collectively, our data suggest that direct muscle stimulation could be used to assess quadriceps inactivation at maximal and quasi‐maximal contraction levels as a valid alternative to motor nerve stimulation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Symmetry of phrenic nerve motor response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pinto Susana , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo test for interside differences and ipsilateral correlation of compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) from muscles of the cervical region according to El Escorial criteria, we stimulated the phrenic, axillary, and ulnar nerves bilaterally in 67 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The diaphragm CMAP was symmetric, but it did not correlate with deltoid or abductor digiti minimi (ADM) CMAPs. The deltoid CMAP in all groups and ADM CMAP in bulbar‐ and lower‐limb‐onset patients showed significant interside correlation. The ADM CMAP is asymmetric in upper‐limb‐onset patients. Unilateral stimulation is sufficient to monitor the phrenic nerve response; its degree of CMAP decrease does not correlate with other cervical muscle involvement. Muscle Nerve, 2010