bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Young People’s Heterosexual Relationships: A Longitudinal Analysis of Characteristics Shaping Subjective Experience
Authors: Wight Daniel , Parkes Alison , Strange Vicki , Allen Elizabeth , Bonell Chris , Henderson Marion 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT:  Research on young people’s sexual relationships often overlooks subjective experiences and enjoyment. Perceived quality of sexual relationships may be related to gender, background characteristics, circumstances of first intercourse and subsequent sexual history. METHODS:  Longitudinal data from 13–16‐year‐olds who participated in randomized trials of school sex education in either Scotland (N=5,356) or England (N=6,269) were used to examine young people’s subjective experiences of heterosexual relationships. Logistic regression models tested for associations between selected variables and pressure and regret at first intercourse, pressure and enjoyment at most recent intercourse, and three measures of relationship quality. RESULTS:  Of the 42% of youth who reported having had sex by follow‐up, most assessed their first and most recent sexual relationships positively. Greater proportions of females than of males felt pressure at first sexual intercourse (19% vs. 10%), regretted their first time (38% vs. 20%) and did not enjoy their most recent sex (12% vs. 5%). Younger age at first sex was an important correlate of partner pressure and regret at first intercourse (odds ratios, 2.0 each, for those 13 or younger vs. 15–16‐year‐olds). Negative experiences were associated with less control (e.g., feeling pressure, being drunk or stoned, and not planning sex) and with less intimacy (e.g., sex with a casual partner and less frequent sex). Background social characteristics had limited influence compared with circumstances of first intercourse and subsequent sexual history. CONCLUSION:  Most young people evaluated their early sexual experiences positively. The quality of relationships was enhanced by better communication and greater physical intimacy. For a vulnerable minority, however, early sexual experiences were negative. They could be protected by delaying first intercourse, restricting sexual activity to established relationships and learning skills to improve control in sexual encounters.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Economically Disadvantaged Young Adult Women: Associations With Adolescent Risk‐Taking and Pregnancy Experiences
Authors: O'Donnell Lydia , Agronick Gail , Duran Richard , Myint‐U Athi , Stueve Ann 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT: Intimate partner violence negatively impacts the health of substantial proportions of young women in economically disadvantaged communities, where sexual initiation, aggressive behaviors, unintended pregnancies and childbearing are common among adolescents. It is therefore important to assess how adolescent risk behaviors and pregnancy experiences are linked to such violence during young adulthood. METHODS: Data from 526 participants in the Reach for Health Longitudinal Study who were surveyed during middle school (in 1995–1996 and 1996–1997) and at ages 22–25 (in 2005–2007) provided information on adolescent risk behaviors and pregnancy experiences, as well as experiences of intimate partner violence during young adulthood. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify correlates of intimate partner violence involvement. RESULTS: As young adults, 29% of women reported having been victims of intimate partner violence in the past 12 months; 21% reported having perpetrated such violence. In multivariate analyses, victimization and perpetration in the last year are positively associated with aggressive behavior in middle school (odds ratios, 1.9 and 2.5, respectively), lifetime number of sex partners (1.3 for both) and having a history of unintended pregnancy or pregnancy problems (1.3 for both). Perpetration also is associated with early sexual initiation (0.5) and living with a partner (1.8). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider women's pregnancy histories in programs aimed at preventing the adverse outcomes of relationship violence and in screening for partner violence in sexual and reproductive health services. Early intervention may help women develop the skills needed for resolving conflicts with peers and partners.
The Rhetoric of Passion in Donne's Holy Sonnets
Authors: Skouen Tina 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In his Holy Sonnets, the English Renaissance poet and divine John Donne (1572–1631) gives voice to powerful emotional outbursts. Previous critics have mostly been concerned with the religious context and theological positions of the sonnets. This study rather attempts to isolate the psychological context of the poems by relating them to the early modern discourse on the passions. In order to grasp the pathos of Donne's Holy Sonnets, we need to consider the advice on how to handle violent emotion in such treatises as Thomas Wright's The Passions of the Minde in Generall (1604) and Edward Reynolds's A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soule of Man (1640).
Oratory and Animadversion: Rhetorical Signatures in Milton's Pamphlets of 1649
Authors: Egan James 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Milton's regicide tracts of 1649, The Tenure, Observations, and Eikonoklastes, are recombinations of two of his most familiar compositional modes of the 1640s, the oration and the animadversion, tactics derived ultimately from classical rhetorical theory and Renaissance assimilations of it. Each tract also displays a poeticized rhetoric which represents Milton's signature adaptation of the close relationship between rhetoric and poetic found in classical and Renaissance rhetorical texts. Evidence for these claims can be found in the structures, styles, and aesthetic manifestations of all three pamphlets, particularly the classical low and middle styles, the formulaic mechanism of quotation and reply, and the prose genre of the Character.
Selection of Artificial Lift
Authors: Lea James F. , Nickens Henry V. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Selection of the most economical artificial lift method is necessary for the operator to realize the maximum potential from developing any oil or gas field. Historically the methods used to select the method of lift for a particular field have varied broadly across the industry, including
Determining what methods will lift at the desired rates and from the required depths. Evaluating lists of advantages and disadvantages. Use of "expert" systems to both eliminate and select systems. Evaluation of initial costs, operating costs, production capabilities, etc. using economics as a tool of selection.
This paper will highlight some of the methods commonly used for selection and also include some examples of costs and profits over time calculated to the present time as a tool of selection. The operator should consider all of these methods when selecting a method of artificial lift, especially for a large, long-term project.
Functional Assessment of Pancreatic β-Cell Area in Humans
Authors: Meier Juris J. , Menge Bjoern A. , Breuer Thomas G.K. , Müller Christophe A. , Tannapfel Andrea , Uhl Waldemar , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Schrader Henning 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
β-Cell mass declines progressively during the course of diabetes, and various antidiabetic treatment regimens have been suggested to modulate β-cell mass. However, imaging methods allowing the monitoring of changes in β-cell mass in vivo have not yet become available. We address whether pancreatic β-cell area can be assessed by functional test of insulin secretion in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 33 patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 17), benign pancreatic adenomas (n = 13), and tumors of the ampulla of Vater (n = 3) at various stages of glucose tolerance were examined with an oral glucose load before undergoing pancreatic surgery. Indexes of insulin secretion were calculated and compared with the fractional β-cell area of the pancreas.

RESULTS
β-Cell area was related to fasting glucose concentrations in an inverse linear fashion (r = −0.53, P = 0.0014) and to 120-min postchallenge glycemia in an inverse exponential fashion (r = −0.89). β-Cell area was best predicted by a C-peptide–to–glucose ratio determined 15 min after the glucose drink (r = 0.72, P &lt; 0.0001). However, a fasting C-peptide–to–glucose ratio already yielded a reasonably close correlation (r = 0.63, P &lt; 0.0001). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) β-cell function was unrelated to β-cell area.

CONCLUSIONS
Glucose control is closely related to pancreatic β-cell area in humans. A C-peptide–to–glucose ratio after oral glucose ingestion appears to better predict β-cell area than fasting measures, such as the HOMA index.
Urinary Adiponectin Excretion
Authors: von Eynatten Maximilian , Liu Dan , Hock Cornelia , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Baumann Marcus , Allolio Bruno , Korosoglou Grigorios , Morcos Michael , Campean Valentina , Amann Kerstin , Lutz Jens , Heemann Uwe , Nawroth Peter P. , Bierhaus Angelika , Humpert Per M. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
Markers reliably identifying vascular damage and risk in diabetic patients are rare, and reports on associations of serum adiponectin with macrovascular disease have been inconsistent. In contrast to existing data on serum adiponectin, this study assesses whether urinary adiponectin excretion might represent a more consistent vascular damage marker in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adiponectin distribution in human kidney biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and urinary adiponectin isoforms were characterized by Western blot analysis. Total urinary adiponectin excretion rate was measured in 156 patients with type 2 diabetes who had a history of diabetic nephropathy and 40 healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Atherosclerotic burden was assessed by common carotid artery intima-media-thickness (IMT).

RESULTS
A homogenous staining of adiponectin was found on the endothelial surface of glomerular capillaries and intrarenal arterioles in nondiabetic kidneys, whereas staining was decreased in diabetic nephropathy. Low-molecular adiponectin isoforms (∼30–70 kDa) were detected in urine by Western blot analysis. Urinary adiponectin was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes (7.68 ± 14.26 vs. control subjects: 2.91 ± 3.85 μg/g creatinine, P = 0.008). Among type 2 diabetic patients, adiponectinuria was associated with IMT (r = 0.479, P &lt; 0.001) and proved to be a powerful independent predictor of IMT (β = 0.360, P &lt; 0.001) in multivariable regression analyses. In a risk prediction model including variables of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study coronary heart disease risk engine urinary adiponectin, but not the albumin excretion rate, added significant value for the prediction of increased IMT (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
Quantification of urinary adiponectin excretion appears to be an independent indicator of vascular damage potentially identifying an increased risk for vascular events.
Genetic Variant of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Diabetes Influences Blood Pressure Response to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Authors: Konoshita Tadashi , Kato Norihiro , Fuchs Sébastien , Mizuno Shinichi , Aoyama Chikako , Motomura Makoto , Makino Yasukazu , Wakahara Shigeyuki , Inoki Isao , Miyamori Isamu , Pinet Florence ,   for the Genomic Disease Outcome Consortium (G-DOC) Study Investigators
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have proven the favorable effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on cardiovascular and renal disorders. However, determinants of the response to ARBs remain unclear. We substantiated the hypothesis that genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have significant impacts on the response to ARBs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects comprised 231 consecutively enrolled hypertensive individuals including 45 type 2 diabetic subjects. Five genetic variants of the RAS, i.e., renin (REN) C-5312T, ACE insertion/deletion, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor C3123A were assayed by PCR and restriction fragment-length polymorphism. A dose of 40–160 mg/day of valsartan was administered for 3 months as a monotherapy.

RESULTS
Changes in diastolic blood pressure significantly differed between genotypes of REN C-5312T: 10.7-mmHg reduction (from 95.9 ± 12.9 to 85.2 ± 11.4) in CC versus 7.0-mmHg reduction (from 94.7 ± 14.0 to 87.7 ± 12.6) in CT/TT (P = 0.02 for interactive effects of valsartan and genotype). Responder rates also differed between the genotypes: 72.8% in CC versus 58.0% in CT/TT (P = 0.03). Univariate analysis indicated a significant association of response to valsartan with blood pressure, diabetes, plasma aldosterone concentration, and CC homozygotes of REN C-5312T. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure, CC homozygotes of REN C-5312T, and diabetes were independent predictors for responders with odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.49 (1.41–4.42), 2.03 (1.10–3.74), and 0.48 (0.24–0.96), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides strong support that a genetic variant of REN C-5312T and diabetes contribute to the effects of ARBs and are independent predictors for responder. Thus, in treatment of hypertension with ARBs, a new possibility for personalized medicine has been shown.
Foot Muscle Energy Reserves in Diabetic Patients Without and With Clinical Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Dinh Thanh , Doupis John , Lyons Thomas E. , Kuchibhotla Sarada , Julliard Walker , Gnardellis Charalambos , Rosenblum Barry I. , Wang Xiaoen , Giurini John M. , Greenman Robert L. , Veves Aristidis 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in the foot muscle energy reserves in diabetic non-neuropathic and neuropathic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured the phosphocreatinine (PCr)/inorganic phosphate (Pi) ratio, total 31P concentration, and the lipid/water ratio in the muscles in the metatarsal head region using MRI spectroscopy in healthy control subjects and non-neuropathic and neuropathic diabetic patients.

RESULTS
The PCr/Pi ratio was higher in the control subjects (3.23 ± 0.43) followed by the non-neuropathic group (2.61 ± 0.36), whereas it was lowest in the neuropathic group (0.60 ± 1.02) (P &lt; 0.0001). There were no differences in total 31P concentration and lipid/water ratio between the control and non-neuropathic groups, but both measurements were different in the neuropathic group (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Resting foot muscle energy reserves are affected before the development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy and are associated with the endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
Spatially extended populations reproducing logistic map
Authors: Dzwinel Witold 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We discuss here the conditions that the spatially extended systems (SES) must satisfy to reproduce the logistic map. To address this dilemma we define a 2-D coupled map lattice with a local rule mimicking the logistic formula. We show that for growth rates of k⩽k
∞ (k
∞ is the accumulation point) the global evolution of the system exactly reproduces the cascade of period doubling bifurcations. However, for k > k
∞, instead of chaotic modes, the cascade of period halving bifurcations is observed. Consequently, the microscopic states at the lattice nodes resynchronize producing dynamically changing spatial patterns. By downscaling the system and assuming intense mobility of individuals over the lattice, the spatial correlations can be destroyed and the local rule remains the only factor deciding the evolution of the whole colony. We found the class of “atomistic” rules for which uncorrelated spatially extended population matches the logistic map both for pre-chaotic and chaotic modes. We concluded that the global logistic behavior can be expected for a spatially extended colony with high mobility of individuals whose microscopic behavior is governed by a specific semi-logistic rule in the closest neighborhood. Conversely, the populations forming dynamically changing spatial clusters behave in a different way than the logistic model and reproduce at least the steady-state fragment of the logistic map.
Selection criteria and outcome of operative approaches for thoracolumbar burst fractures with and without neurological deficit
Authors: Schnee Charles L. , Ansell Lee V. 
Published: June 2009

✓ Criteria for choosing operative techniques for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures remain disputed, particularly in neurologically intact patients. A retrospective study of 25 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures was performed to assess fracture characteristics, operative approaches, fixation, radiographic results, and neurological, functional, and pain outcomes.Anterior corpectomy, allograft strut, and plate fixation were performed in 14 patients with or without neurological deficit when vertebral compression or canal encroachment was at least 40% or kyphosis was 15° or more with a stable posterior column. In nine cases, an anterior operation and a posterior segmental fixation were combined for similar deformity and three-column instability. Posterior transpedicular decompression, fixation, and fusion were used primarily for two symptomatic patients with less than 40% encroachment and at most 40% compression.Overall, 21 patients (84%) were walking and 18 (72%) were continent at follow-up evaluation (mean 16.3 months) versus eight (32%) and 11 (44%) at presentation, respectively. Preoperatively, 17 patients experienced neurological deficit; 16 improved and 12 increased one Frankel grade. No patient deteriorated. Prior employment or activity level was resumed by 19 patients (76%) and only four patients professed incapacity. Pain was eliminated after 18 procedures (72%), all anterior or combined approaches. Restoration of anatomical alignment (< 5°) was achieved in 19 cases. No anterior construct failed and only one patient treated posteriorly had postoperative kyphosis progression. Operative morbidity occurred in three cases (12%).Satisfactory neurological and functional outcomes were achieved in a majority of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures after correction of canal compromise, middle column compression, and attendant deformity. These results indicate that anterior decompression and a weight-bearing strut graft are critical to clinical success in patients with significant vertebral destruction.
Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus
Authors: Macchi Giorgio , Jones Edward G. 
Published: June 2009

✓ The nomenclature most commonly applied to the motor-related nuclei of the human thalamus differs substantially from that applied to the thalamus of other primates, from which most knowledge of input—output connections is derived. Knowledge of these connections in the human is a prerequisite for stereotactic neurosurgical approaches designed to alleviate movement disorders by the placement of lesions in specific nuclei. Transfer to humans of connectional information derived from experimental studies in nonhuman primates requires agreement about the equivalence of nuclei in the different species, and dialogue between experimentalists and neurosurgeons would be facilitated by the use of a common nomenclature.
In this review, the authors compare the different nomenclatures and review the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the nuclei in the anterolateral aspect of the ventral nuclear mass in humans and monkeys, suggest which nuclei are equivalent, and propose a common terminology. On this basis, it is possible to identify the nuclei of the human motor thalamus that transfer information from the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, cerebellum, and proprioceptive components of the medial lemniscus to prefrontal, premotor, motor, and somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It also becomes possible to suggest the principal functional systems involved in stereotactically guided thalamotomies and the functional basis of the symptoms observed following ischemic lesions in different parts of the human thalamus.
Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis
Authors: Chumas Paul D. , Cinalli Giuseppe , Arnaud Eric , Marchac Daniel , Renier Dominique 
Published: June 2009

✓ Cases of craniosynostosis usually fall into well-demarcated categories: those related to a syndrome or those identified by a combination of suture involvement and morphological appearance. Between 1976 and 1995, 53 (3.6%) of 1474 cases in the craniofacial databank were assessed and designated as nonsyndromic but unclassifiable. The records and radiological studies obtained in these patients were retrospectively analyzed and comparisons were made with patients classified in the databank as having simple craniosynostoses.
It proved possible to divide the formerly unclassifiable cases into two groups: those with “two-suture disease” (Group A) and a “complex” group (Group B) in which more than two sutures were affected. Group A consisted of 36 cases (68%) of patients presenting with clear evidence of simultaneous involvement of two sutures but with no progression over time to suggest a more diffuse pansynostosis. Suture involvement was as follows: 17 of 36 sagittal plus one coronal; seven of 36 sagittal and metopic; six of 36 sagittal plus one lambdoid; and six of 36 metopic plus one coronal. The only significant difference between the Group A cases and the cases of simple craniosynostoses was in the percentage requiring a second operation (24% vs. 5%, p < 0.0001).
Group B consisted of 17 cases in which the patients presented at a slightly earlier age (mean 1 year) with severe morphological changes and multiple suture involvement. At the time of surgery, six of 17 patients showed large areas of lacunae within the cranial vault, making craniectomy the only option. In Group B, 10 of 17 patients displayed bilateral lambdoid plus sagittal suture involvement resulting in marked occipital recession posteriorly, whereas anteriorly in six of these 10 patients there was a massive frontal bone associated with posteriorly located coronal sutures. In contrast, there were also four patients in Group B with bilateral coronal plus metopic involvement resulting in a small frontal bone. There was a trend toward a lower intelligence quotient and a worse morphological outcome in the patients in Group B, but again the only result attaining statistical significance when compared to the databank was the rate of second operation (37.5 vs. 5%, p < 0.0001).
“Two-suture synostosis” is a relatively straightforward condition and is treatable with standard craniosynostosis techniques. However, possibly as a result of surgical compromise when two sutures are involved, the rate of reoperation is far higher than in simple suture cases. In contrast, patients in the “complex” group presenting with severe multisuture involvement require a more tailor-made approach to their management that often entails a second procedure.