bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cortical bone by computed tomography
Authors: Hangartner Thomas N. , Gilsanz Vicente 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum thickness of cortical bone required for the accurate measurement of cortical material density by computed tomography (CT) and to establish normal reference values. A phantom with several wall thicknesses of bone-like material was constructed to simulate various cortical widths. The CT density at each level of thickness was measured on a GE 9800 CT scanner and on the OsteoQuant, a special CT scanner optimized for the measurement of bone in the extremities. The minimum width required to attain the correct material density was determined for each scanner. Additionally, the material density and width of the cortex in the radius and/or femur were measured by CT in 761 healthy subjects, ages 4-84 years. The minimum thickness necessary for an accurate density evaluation of the walls of the phantom by CT was 2-2.5 mm; below these thresholds the values fell in a linear way relative to width. In humans, the material density of cortical bone in the appendicular skeleton was not influenced by height or weight, and the values were similar for all subjects, as long as the cortical width was above 2-2.5 mm. The cortical width increased with age up to 30 years and decreased from 50 years on. We conclude that the material density of cortical bone in the appendicular skeleton can be measured accurately by CT if the thickness of the cortex exceeds 2-2.5 mm.
The mechanism of β-glycerophosphate action in mineralizing chick limb-bud mesenchymal cell cultures
Authors: Boskey Adele L. , Guidon Peter , Doty Stephen B. , Stiner Dalina , Leboy Phoebe , Binderman Itzhak 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cells plated in micromass culture form a cartilage matrix that can be mineralized in the presence of 4 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) and 1 mM calcium. Previous studies showed that when β-glycerophosphate (βGP) is used in place of Pi, the mineral crystals formed are larger and differ in distribution. The present study shows that the difference in distribution is not associated with alterations in cell proliferation, protein synthesis, or with collagen, proteoglycan core protein, or alkaline phosphatase gene expression. Cultures with 2.5, 5, and 10 mM βGP did show different levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and in the presence of low (0.3 mM) Ca had different Pi contents (4, 6, and 9 mM, respectively), indicating that the increase in CaxP product may in part be responsible for the altered pattern of mineralization. However, cultures with βGP in which alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited with levamisole still had an altered mineral distribution as revealed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. The presence of a casein kinase II-like activity in the mineralizing cultures, the ability of specific inhibitors of this enzyme to block mineralization, and the known ability of βGP to block phosphoprotein phosphatase activity suggests that altered patterns of matrix protein phosphorylation may influence mineral deposition in these cultures. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1694-1702)
Interleukin-6 expression and histomorphometry of bones from mice deficient in receptors for interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor
Authors: Vargas Socorro J. , Naprta Anica , Glaccum Moira , Lee Sun Kyeong , Kalinowski Judith , Dr. Lorenzo Joseph A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We examined the roles of interleukin-1 Type I receptor (IL-1R1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in bone metabolism using mice rendered deficient in these receptors by gene targeting. Sections of decalcified paraffin-embedded calvariae and humeri from 11- to 12-week-old mice deficient in IL-1 Type I receptor (IL-1R1-/-) or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1-/-) were examined by histomorphometry. Wild-type mice (C57BL/6J X 129/J, WILD) served as controls. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in primary osteoblastic and bone marrow stromal cell cultures in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH, 100 ng/ml), IL-1α (10 ng/ml), and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) was also examined. IL-1R1-/- and TNFR1-/- mice were viable and appeared phenotypically normal. However, the body weights of the IL-1R1-/- mice were 30% less than WILD, while the TNFR1-/- mice weighed 30% more than WILD mice of equivalent age. Calvariae and humeri of IL-1R1-/- and TNFR1-/- mice were normal with respect to trabecular bone volume, osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, growth plate widths, and cortical thickness. Receptor deficiency was confirmed by determining the ability of PTH, IL-1α, and TNF-α to stimulate IL-6 in the media of primary calvaria-derived osteoblastic cell cultures from CD-1 and cytokine receptor-deficient mice. After 24 h of treatment, IL-1α and TNF-α did not stimulate IL-6 production in osteoblasts from IL-1R1-/- and TNFR1-/- mice, respectively. In contrast, PTH increased IL-6 levels in the cells from all mice. IL-6 protein levels in bone marrow supernatants and conditioned media from untreated bone marrow stromal cells were undetectable in WILD, IL-1R1-/-, and TNFR1-/- mice. PTH, IL-1α, and TNF-α increased IL-6 mRNA and protein production in the WILD bone marrow stromal cells. In contrast, PTH and TNF-α increased IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in IL-1R1-/- bone marrow stromal cells while IL-1α had no effect. These findings demonstrate that normal bone development in mice can occur in the absence of IL-1R1 or TNFR1 expression. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1736-1744)
In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional structural properties of noninvasive bone biopsies using 3D-pQCT
Authors: Dr. Müller R. , Hildebrand T. , Häuselmann H. J. , Rüegsegger P. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Trabecular bone architecture is one of the main factors influencing the mechanical behavior of cancellous bone. To assess the three-dimensional trabecular microstructure of intact bones, we introduced the concept of noninvasive bone biopsy, a method to assess and analyze cancellous bone based upon three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography in vivo (3D-pQCT). The aim of this work was to demonstrate the potential of noninvasive bone biopsies as a basis for structural and mechanical analysis of trabecular bone in the process of rapid bone loss. A group of six healthy young male volunteers was measured to provide data on the reproducibility of structural parameters. Baseline and 1-month follow-up measurements were performed to provide data on short-term precision of the procedure, and three of the controls were reanalyzed within 3–6 months to estimate long-term precision. Prior to structural evaluation, the baseline and follow-up measurements were repositioned three-dimensionally to ensure matching volumes of interest (VOI). Trabecular bone density (TBD) as well as structural indices were analyzed for all measurements. The VOIs were analyzed morphometrically by evaluating bone volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) based on a direct three-dimensional approach. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were derived from these two indices. The data of the measurements at 1 month to determine the short-term precision was in excellent agreement with the baseline measurements. The results showed that structural parameters can be reproduced in vivo with a coefficient of variation of less than 0.5%. With a typical spread of 4% for the structural indices within the group of healthy volunteers, an intraclass correlation of better than 0.98 was reached. We conclude that high-resolution 3D-pQCT has the potential to detect structural changes in trabecular bone during therapeutic and diagnostic trials. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1745-1750)
Blinded reading of radiographs increases the frequency of errors in vertebral fracture detection
Authors: Dr. Ross Philip D. , Huang Chun , Karpf David , Lydick Eva , Coel Marc , Hirsch Laurence , Wasnich Richard D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We examined the effect of blinding X-rays to film sequence and patient identity on vertebral fracture detection. A sample of 50 postmenopausal women with low bone density and two sets of spine X-rays 3.6 years apart was selected; based on prior morphometric studies, about half of the women had experienced new fractures after the initial film. New morphometric and semiquantitative radiologist readings were each performed twice: blinded and unblinded. For morphometry, incident fractures were defined as vertebral height decreases of more than 15% compared with the initial film. The incidence was slightly higher when blinded versus unblinded (5.6 vs. 5.3% of all vertebrae for morphometry, and 9.7 vs. 8.7% for the radiologist), but these differences were not significant. The error rate was investigated by examining the frequency of “fracture reversals”—vertebrae identified as fractured on the initial film but not on the later film. Agreement between blinded and unblinded readings was generally greater than 80% for fractures but less than 10% for “fracture reversals,” suggesting that reversals are not true events but random errors. The number of reversals was higher when the radiologist was blinded (2.1% of all vertebrae vs. 0.8% when unblinded; p = 0.07). The number of vertebrae with increases greater than 15% in size over time was also greater when morphometry readings were blinded versus unblinded: 0.8 versus 0% (p &lt; 0.05). Although these errors are small, they are similar in magnitude to the annual fracture incidence in many populations. These data show that blinding X-rays to sequence offers no advantages, increases the frequency of errors, and may inflate incidence rates. We conclude that the assessment of X-rays for vertebral fractures in clinical trials should not be performed with the evaluator blinded to the sequence of the X-rays. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1793–1800)
The aqueous Raman optical activity spectra of 4(R)‐hydroxyproline: theory and experiment
Authors: Pecul Magdalena , Deillon Christine , Thorvaldsen Andreas J. , Ruud Kenneth 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra have been measured for aqueous solutions of 4(R)‐hydroxyproline at three different pH values and are compared with theoretical results calculated for several conformations of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic 4(R)‐hydroxyproline using density functional theory (DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The experimental ROA bands have been ascribed to the normal modes by comparison of the experimental and calculated vibrational frequencies and ROA intensities. Overall, using PCM for geometry optimization and force field calculations gives simulated Raman and ROA spectra that agree with the main features of the experimental spectra, whereas using PCM also in the calculations of optical tensors seems more problematic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of L‐ to D‐isomerization and C‐terminus deamidation on the secondary structure of antimicrobial peptide Anoplin in aqueous and membrane mimicking environment
Authors: Pripotnev Stahs , Won Amy , Ianoul Anatoli 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUV resonance Raman spectra of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Anoplin (L‐Anoplin‐NH2) and two of its derivatives (enantiomer D‐Anoplin‐NH2 and C‐terminus deamidated L‐Anoplin‐OH) were measured in aqueous buffer solution and in membrane‐mimetic environments including 2,2,2‐trifluoro ethanol (TFE), zwitterionic lipid dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine (DPPC) and anionic lipid dipalmitoylglycerophosphoglycerol (DPPG) vesicle solutions. All three peptides were found to adopt random‐coil/β turn‐like conformation in aqueous solution over the temperature range of 1–60 °C. The conformation was found to become more α‐helical in membrane‐mimetic solutions such as TFE and DPPG but not in DPPC for all Anoplin derivatives. The data demonstrate that Anoplin preferentially binds to the anionic over the zwitterionic model cell membranes. Results also showed that deamidation does not change the conformation of L‐Ano‐NH2 very significantly, but does alter membrane rupturing and antimicrobial activities thus confirming that it is the physicochemical properties rather than the peptide conformation that define the mechanism of AMP action. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of sinonasal anatomic variants potentially associated with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Alkire Blake C. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To examine sinonasal anatomic variants that may predispose toward recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS).Study Design:Retrospective case‐control.Methods:Sinus computed tomography (CT) scans from a consecutive series of adult patients meeting strict diagnostic criteria for RARS were retrospectively reviewed. A control group was assembled from patients who underwent pituitary or temporal bone CT for a nonrhinosinusitis indication. CT scans were scored for the presence of Haller cells, concha bullosa, and impinging septal spurs. Maximal septal deviation (degrees), infundibular widths, and Lund staging were also assessed. The prevalence of these anatomic variants was statistically compared between the RARS and control groups.Results:Thirty‐six patients met diagnostic criteria for RARS (mean age, 47.2 years; 2:1 female preponderance); 42 control patients were identified. The mean Lund score for patients with RARS was 2.25 versus 1.27 for the control group (P < .001). Although RARS patients were more likely to manifest concha bullosa (41.7% vs. 28.6%) or impinging septal spurs (27.8% vs. 19.0%), these differences were not statistically significant (P = .165 and P = .260, respectively). However, patients with RARS were significantly more likely to radiographically demonstrate Haller cells (39.9% vs. 11.9%, respectively, P = .006). Finally, patients with RARS had significantly smaller mean infundibular widths when compared with control patients (0.591 mm vs. 0.823 mm, respectively, P < .001).Conclusions:The presence of Haller cells and smaller infundibular widths were statistically associated with RARS when compared to control patients. Our data suggest that anatomy could play a role in the pathogenesis of RARS. Further prospective study is warranted. Laryngoscope, 2010
The impact of cotton geotextiles on soil and water losses from Mediterranean rainfed agricultural land
Authors: Giménez‐Morera A. , Sinoga J. D. Ruiz , Cerdà A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh soil erosion risk of Mediterranean cultivated soils is due to steep slopes, high rainfall intensities and low vegetation cover. Traditional land management as ploughing and herbicides give rise to high soil erosion rates. This paper reports on the use of a cotton geotextiles to control soil and water losses on agricultural land under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Eight paired plots (1, 2, 4 and 16 m2) were studied during 1‐year period under natural rainfall. Forty rainfall simulations under wet and dry climatic conditions, and water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests, were carried out in order to analyze the effect of a geotextile on soil and water losses on a typical rainfed orchard in Eastern Spain. Results showed that an 8 mm thick cotton geotextile reduced soil loss to negligible values (from 14 to 0·1 Mg ha−1 y−1) due to the low sediment concentration as geotextile covered 100% of the soil. However, infiltration rates decreased and runoff increased due to the hydrophobic response of the cotton material. The runoff discharge increased from 8% to 16% for the 2004 period under natural rainfall and from 27% to 87% under simulated rainfall when summer dry conditions were reached. The cotton geotextile reduced local soil losses at plot‐scale, but increased runoff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of belief in neuroprotection on therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Elble Rodger J. , Suchowersky Oksana , Shaftman Stephanie , Weiner William J. , Huang Peng , Tilley Barbara ,   On Behalf of the NINDS NET‐PD Investigators
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe explored the hypotheses that an investigator's belief in a putative neuroprotective agent might influence the timing of symptomatic intervention and the assessment of signs and symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). These hypotheses were tested with Cox and general linear modeling, using data from a previously published double‐blind placebo‐controlled futility trial of coenzyme Q10 and GPI‐1485. We found the investigators' level of confidence in these agents had no effect on the time to symptomatic therapy or on the change in UPDRS during 12 months of treatment. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Glucocerebrosidase Gene L444P mutation is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in Chinese population
Authors: Sun Qi‐Ying , Guo Ji‐Feng , Wang Lei , Yu Ren‐He , Zuo Xing , Yao Ling‐Yan , Pan Qian , Xia Kun , Tang Bei‐Sha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn association between mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported in several populations. We searched for four common GBA mutations (L444P, F213I, R353W, and N370S) in 402 Chinese PD patients and 413 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. In the PD cohort, 11 patients were found carrying a heterozygous GBA mutation and all of them had the L444P mutation. Heterozygous GBA mutations were detected none in controls. The GBA gene L444P mutation was detected at a significantly higher frequency among PD patients (11/402 = 2.74%), when compared with the control group (0/413): P = 0.0007. To evaluate the possible role of the GBA gene L444P mutation in PD in Ashkenazi Jewish and non‐Jewish populations, we conducted a meta‐analysis on the topic. In the Chinese population, the GBA gene L444P mutation was detected at a significantly higher frequency among PD patients, when compared with the control group: Z = 3.83, P = 0.0001, OR = 8.42, confidence interval = 95%, 2.83–25.06. In the non‐Jewish populations, the difference was obviously significant: Z = 5.76, P < 0.00001, OR = 8.82, confidence interval = 95%, 4.21–18.48. The results suggest that the GBA gene L444P mutation appears to be a risk factor for PD in Chinese population. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Clinical and dual‐tasking aspects in frequent and infrequent fallers with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Lindemann Ulrich , Nicolai Simone , Beische Denis , Becker Clemens , Srulijes Karin , Dietzel Elisabeth , Bauer Sarah , Berg Daniela , Maetzler Walter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with no sufficient therapeutic options to date. Falls are the most devastating feature. The causes of these falls are not well understood. To test the impact of PSP‐associated motor and cognitive features on falls, 26 PSP patients were prospectively recruited and divided into frequent fallers (> one fall/month, 18 patients) and infrequent fallers (≤ one fall/month, 8 patients). Further parameters were assessed by clinical investigation and biomechanical gait and balance analysis with and without dual‐task paradigms. Physical activity was measured through an ambulatory device. Frequent fallers scored higher on the total PSP rating scale and the subscales “history,” “mental,” “bulbar,” “supranuclear ocular motor,” and “gait/midline exam” but not on disease duration, the subscale “limb exam,” the UPDRS motor score and the sway analysis. Frequent fallers also showed an increased probability of an altered walking pattern with shortened step lengths and increased cadence under a dual‐task situation. It is concluded that the occurrence of falls in PSP seems strongly associated with the deterioration of bulbar function, but not relevantly with typical parkinsonian features like rigidity and bradykinesia. The decreased ability to deal with distraction of attention under a dual‐task situation points to a relevant impact of cortical and subcortical dysfunction on the frequency of falls. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Sulfonated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) composites for polymer electrolyte membranes
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Xiao Jichun , Chen Yiwang , Zeng Rong , Xiao Shuqin , Nie Huarong , Li Fan , Song Caisheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of composite membranes consisting of sulfonated carbon nanotubes (sCNTs) and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) were successfully fabricated via the solution casting method. The chemical structure, as well as the long‐term stability of the sCNTs in different solvents, was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and solubility experiment, respectively. The morphology, tensile strength, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability of the composite membranes were also investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated the good dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix as well as the strong interfacial bonding between the sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) (SPESEKK) matrix and sCNTs. The addition of either pristine carbon nanotubes or modified carbon nanotubes significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the SPESEKK membrane. The proton conductivity of the SPESEKK membrane increased while the methanol permeability decreased as the sCNTs content increased, showing a strong interaction between the modified nanotubes and SPESEKK. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing active site geometry using high pressure and secondary isotope effects in an enzyme‐catalysed ‘deep’ H‐tunnelling reaction
Authors: Hay Sam , Pudney Christopher R. , Sutcliffe Michael J. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report the first study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on α‐2° KIEs for an enzyme‐catalysed H‐transfer reaction that occurs by ‘deep’ tunnelling. High pressure causes a significant decrease in the observed α‐2° KIE on the pre‐steady‐state hydride transfer from NADH to FMN in the flavoprotein morphinone reductase. We have recently shown that high pressure causes a reduction in macroscopic reaction barrier width for this reaction. Using DFT vibrational analysis of a simple active site model, we posit that the decrease in α‐2° KIE with pressure may arise due to a decrease in the vibrational coupling between the NADH primary (transferred) and secondary hydrogens in the ‘tunnelling ready configuration’, which more closely resembles the reactant state than the transition state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.