bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility and diffusivity of cyclohexane in high density polyethylene
Authors: Rausch Justin L. , Schulz Taylor C. , Danner Ronald P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe diffusivity and solubility of cyclohexane in a high density polyethylene, HDPE, were studied using a gravimetric, quartz‐spring, sorption balance. Solvent concentrations up to a weight fraction of 0.15 over a temperature range of 90 to 160°C were measured. Diffusion coefficients in the range of 10−6 to 10−7 were determined. Two types of polymer samples were used: a commercial bead form and flat sheets prepared by melting the polymer. Within the experimental error no differences were observed between the two forms indicating that there were no significant effects caused by the melting and compression. The solubility of cyclohexane in the HDPE as a function of the activity of the cyclohexane was linear. Above the melt temperature the solubility data were predicted better by the group‐contribution, lattice‐fluid equation of state (GCLF‐EoS) than by the van der Waals free‐volume (UNIFAC‐vdw‐FV) model. Below the melt temperature a correction factor for the elasticity significantly improved the predictions for both models. Although the HDPE has a crystallinity of 77.6%, the experimental data and the Vrentas‐Duda free‐volume theory indicated no significant tortuosity effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Caspase‐activated DNase is required for maintenance of tolerance to lupus nuclear autoantigens
Authors: Jog Neelakshi R. , Frisoni Lorenza , Shi Qin , Monestier Marc , Hernandez Sairy , Craft Joe , Prak Eline T. Luning , Caricchio Roberto 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveCaspase‐activated DNase (CAD) is an endonuclease that is activated by active caspase 3 during apoptosis and is responsible for degradation of chromatin into nucleosomal units. These nucleosomal units are then included in apoptotic bodies. The presence of apoptotic bodies is considered important for the generation of autoantigen in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), that are characterized by the presence of antinuclear antibodies. The present study was carried out to determine the role of CAD in SLE and to investigate the ability of lupus autoantibodies to bind to CAD‐deficient or CAD‐sufficient apoptotic cells.MethodsThe Sle1, Sle123, and 3H9 mouse models of SLE, in which autoimmunity is genetically predetermined, were used. To determine the role of chromatin fragmentation in SLE, CAD deficiency was introduced in these mouse models.ResultsDeficiency of CAD resulted in increased anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody titers in lupus‐prone mice. Surprisingly, the absence of CAD exacerbated only genetically predetermined autoimmune responses. To further determine whether nuclear modifications are needed in order to maintain tolerance to nuclear autoantigens, we used the 3H9 mouse, an anti‐DNA heavy chain knockin; in this model, the autoreactive B cells are tolerized by anergy. In accordance with findings in the CAD‐mutant Sle1 and Sle123 mice, CAD‐deficient 3H9 mice spontaneously generated anti‐DNA antibodies. Finally, we showed that autoantibodies with specificities toward histone–DNA complexes bind more to CAD‐deficient apoptotic cells than to CAD‐sufficient apoptotic cells.ConclusionWe propose that in mice that are genetically predisposed to lupus development, nuclear apoptotic modifications are needed to maintain tolerance. In the absence of these modifications, apoptotic chromatin is abnormally exposed, facilitating the autoimmune response.
Association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in CCR6, TAGAP, and TNFAIP3 with rheumatoid arthritis in African Americans
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth A. , Landis Dawn , Causey Zenoria L. , Edberg Yuanqing , Reynolds Richard J. , Hughes Laura B. , Gregersen Peter K. , Kimberly Robert P. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Bridges S. Louis ,   Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe previously reported an analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3 validated European rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility loci, TAGAP, TNFAIP3, and CCR6, in African American patients with RA. Unexpectedly, the disease‐associated alleles were different in African Americans from those in Europeans. In an effort to better define their contribution, we performed additional SNP genotyping in these genes.MethodsSeven SNPs were genotyped in 446 African American patients with RA and in 733 African American control subjects. Differences in minor allele frequency between the RA cases and controls were analyzed after controlling for the global proportion of European admixture, and pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated among the SNPs.ResultsThree SNPs were significantly associated with RA: the TNFAIP3 rs719149 A allele (OR 1.22 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.44], P = 0.02), the TAGAP rs1738074 G allele (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.63–0.89, P = 0.0012), and the TAGAP rs4709267 G allele (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.60–0.91], P = 0.004). Pairwise LD between the TAGAP SNPs was low (r2 = 0.034). The haplotype containing minor alleles for both TAGAP SNPs was uncommon (4.5%). After conditional analysis of each TAGAP SNP, its counterpart remained significantly associated with RA (rs1738074 for rs4709267 P = 0.00001 and rs4709267 for rs1738074 P = 0.00005), suggesting independent effects.ConclusionSNPs in regulatory regions of TAGAP and an intronic SNP (TNFAIP3) are potential susceptibility loci in African Americans. Pairwise LD, haplotype analysis, and SNP conditioning analysis suggest that these 2 SNPs in TAGAP are independent susceptibility alleles. Additional fine‐mapping of this gene and functional genomic studies of these SNPs should provide further insight into the role of these genes in RA.
Enhanced interferon regulatory factor 3 binding to the interleukin‐23p19 promoter correlates with enhanced interleukin‐23 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Smith Siobhán , Gabhann Joan Nı´ , Higgs Rowan , Stacey Kevin , Wahren‐Herlenius Marie , Espinosa Alexander , Totaro Maria Grazia , Sica Antonio , Ball Elizabeth , Bell Aubrey , Johnston James , Browne Peter , O'Neill Lorraine , Kearns Grainne , Jefferies Caroline A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF‐3) in the regulation of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsBone marrow–derived macrophages were isolated from both wild‐type and IRF3−/− C57BL/6 mice. These cells were stimulated with the Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR‐3) agonist poly(I‐C), and IL‐23p19 cytokine levels were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. IRF‐3 binding to the IL‐23p19 gene promoter region in monocytes from patients with SLE and healthy control subjects was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to identify key drivers of IL‐23p19 promoter activity. TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK‐1) protein levels were determined by Western blotting.ResultsChIP assays demonstrated that IRF‐3 was stably bound to the human IL‐23p19 promoter in monocytes; this association increased following TLR‐3 stimulation. Patients with SLE demonstrated increased levels of IRF‐3 bound to the IL‐23p19 promoter compared with control subjects, which correlated with enhanced IL‐23p19 production in monocytes from patients with SLE. Investigations of the TLR‐3–driven responses in monocytes from patients with SLE revealed that TBK‐1, which is critical for regulating IRF‐3 activity, was hyperactivated in both resting and TLR‐3–stimulated cells.ConclusionOur results demonstrate for the first time that patients with SLE display enhanced IL‐23p19 expression as a result of hyperactivation of TBK‐1, resulting in increased binding of IRF‐3 to the promoter. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of SLE and the potential role for TLR‐3 in driving this response.
Bach1 regulates osteoclastogenesis in a mouse model via both heme oxygenase 1–dependent and heme oxygenase 1–independent pathways
Authors: Hama Maasa , Kirino Yohei , Takeno Mitsuhiro , Takase Kaoru , Miyazaki Takuya , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Ueda Atsuhisa , Itoh‐Nakadai Ari , Muto Akihiko , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveReducing inflammation and osteoclastogenesis by heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) induction could be beneficial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the function of HO‐1 in bone metabolism remains unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of HO‐1 and its repressor Bach1 in osteoclastogenesis.MethodsIn vitro osteoclastogenesis was compared in Bach1‐deficient and wild‐type mice. Osteoclasts (OCs) were generated from bone marrow–derived macrophages by stimulation with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and RANKL. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and expression of OC‐related genes. Intracellular signal pathways in OC precursors were also assessed. HO‐1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transduced into Bach1−/− mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages to examine the role of HO‐1 in osteoclastogenesis. In vivo inflammatory bone loss was evaluated by local injection of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) into calvaria.ResultsTranscription of HO‐1 was down‐regulated by stimulation with RANKL in the early stage of OC differentiation. Bach1−/− mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages were partially resistant to the RANKL‐dependent HO‐1 reduction and showed impaired osteoclastogenesis, which was associated with reduced expression of RANK and components of the downstream TNF receptor–associated factor 6/c‐Fos/NF‐ATc1 pathway as well as reduced expression of Blimp1. Treatment with HO‐1 shRNA increased the number of OCs and expression of OC‐related genes except for the Blimp1 gene during in vitro osteoclastogenesis from Bach1−/− mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. TNFα‐induced bone destruction was reduced in Bach1−/− mice in vivo.ConclusionThe present findings demonstrate that Bach1 regulates osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions, via both HO‐1–dependent and HO‐1–independent mechanisms. Bach1 may be worthy of consideration as a target for treatment of inflammatory bone loss in diseases including RA.
Electrochemically Fabricated Polypyrrole–Cobalt–Oxygen Coordination Complex as High‐Performance Lithium‐Storage Materials
Authors: Guo Bingkun , Kong Qingyu , Zhu Ying , Mao Ya , Wang Zhaoxiang , Wan Meixiang , Chen Liquan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCurrent lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technologies are all based on inorganic electrode materials, though organic materials have been used as electrodes for years. Disadvantages such as limited thermal stability and low specific capacity hinder their applications. On the other hand, the transition metal oxides that provide high lithium‐storage capacity by way of electrochemical conversion reaction suffer from poor cycling stability. Here we report a novel high‐performance, organic, lithium‐storage material, a polypyrrole–cobalt–oxygen (PPy‐Co‐O) coordination complex, with high lithium‐storage capacity and excellent cycling stability. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and Raman spectroscopy and other physical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that this coordination complex can be electrochemically fabricated by cycling PPy‐coated Co3O4 between 0.0 V and 3.0 V versus Li+/Li. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that each cobalt atom coordinates with two nitrogen atoms within the PPy‐Co coordination layer and the layers are connected with oxygen atoms between them. Coordination weakens the CH bonds on PPy and makes the complex a novel lithium‐storage material with high capacity and high cycling stability.
Sonochemical Coating of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics with “Antibacterial” BSA and Casein Spheres
Authors: Shimanovich Ulyana , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel antibacterial coating for cotton and polyester fabrics has been developed by using drug‐loaded proteinaceous microspheres made of bovine serum albumin and casein proteins. The microbubbles were created and anchored onto the fabrics (see figure) in a one‐step reaction that lasts 3 min. The sonochemically produced “antibacterial fabrics” have been characterized. The efficiency of the sonochemical process in converting the native proteins into microspheres, encapsulating the drug, and coating the fabric has also been studied.
Accessing Lipophilic Ligands in Dendrimer‐Based Amphiphilic Supramolecular Assemblies for Protein‐Induced Disassembly
Authors: Yesilyurt Volkan , Ramireddy Rajasekharreddy , Azagarsamy Malar A. , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSupramolecular nanoassemblies that respond to the presence of proteins are of great interest, as aberrations in protein concentrations represent the primary imbalances found in a diseased state. We present here a molecular design, syntheses, and study of facially amphiphilic dendrimers that respond to the presence of the protein, immunoglobulin G. It is of particular interest that the ligand functionality, utilized for causing the binding‐induced disassembly, be lipophilic. Demonstration of binding with lipophilic ligands greatly expands the repertoire of binding‐induced disassembly, since this covers a rather large class of ligand moieties designed for proteins and these provide specific insights into the mechanistic pathways that are available for the binding‐induced disassembly process. Here, we describe the details of the binding induced disassembly, including the change in size of the assembly in response to proteins, concurrent release of noncovalently encapsulated guest molecules, and the specificity of the disassembly process.
Towards Online‐Rheo‐TD‐NMR in Bypass Lines for Analysing of Batch Polymerization Processes
Authors: Herold Heike , Hardy Edme H. , Wassmer  Karl‐Heinz , Nestle Nikolaus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractZur Charakterisierung des Fortschritts einer Polymerisation in Reaktionskesseln mit bis zu 1 MPa Druck und 423 K wurde ein Online‐NMR‐Rheometer entwickelt. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der Viskositätsfunktion werden vorgestellt und ein Verfahren umgesetzt. Zusätzlich werden NMR‐Relaxationsdaten zur Charakterisierung des Mediums aufgezeichnet. Zur Korrektur dieser im Fluss ermittelten Werte werden sowohl die Geschwindigkeitshäufigkeitsverteilung aus rheometrischen Untersuchungen benötigt als auch eine gute Kenntnis des Hochfrequenz‐Feldes. Die korrigierten Relaxationskurven stimmen gut mit der bei ruhendem Medium ermittelten Kurve überein. Somit können auch unter Fluss vergleichbare Werte für die Relaxationsraten der verschiedenen beteiligten Komponenten ermittelt werden.
Admiral Fitzroys legendäres Sturmglas
Authors: Kaempfe Paulina , Molt Karl , Epple Matthias 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEs wurde die Zusammensetzung eines Sturmglases bestimmt und die Eignung zur Wettervorhersage dieses Instrumentes untersucht. Während der Luftdruck nur einen minimalen Einfluss auf den Zustand des Sturmglases hatte, spielte die Umgebungstemperatur eine große Rolle. Zyklische Temperaturwechsel zeigten, dass das Sturmglas bei einer bestimmten Temperatur immer eine identische Kristallhöhe ausbildete. Chemisch handelt es sich um ein komplexes System, das sich nahe an der temperaturabhängigen Löslichkeit des Camphers befindet. Eine Vorhersage des Wetters war nicht möglich.
Phase Separation in Mixtures of Ionic Liquids and Water
Authors: Chen Ye , Ke Fuyou , Wang Huaping , Zhang Yumei , Liang Dehai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phase separation of ionic liquids (ILs) in water is studied by laser light scattering (LLS). For the ILs with longer alkyl chains, such as [C8mim]BF4 and [C6mim]BF4 (mim=methylimidazolium), macroscopic phase separation occurs in the mixture with water. LLS also reveals the coexistence of the mesoscopic phase, the size of which is in the order of 100–800 nm. In aqueous mixtures of ILs with shorter alkyl chains, such as [C4mim]BF4, only the mesoscopic phase exists. The mesoscopic phase can be effectively removed by filtration through a 0.22 μm filter. However, it reforms with time and can be enhanced by lowering the temperature, thus indicating that it is controlled by thermodynamics. The degree of mesoscopic phase separation can be used to evaluate the miscibility of ILs with water. This study helps to optimize the applications of ILs in related fields, as well as the recycling of ILs in the presence of water.
Statistical analysis of rare sequence variants: an overview of collapsing methods
Authors: Dering Carmen , Hemmelmann Claudia , Pugh Elizabeth , Ziegler Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith the advent of novel sequencing technologies, interest in the identification of rare variants that influence common traits has increased rapidly. Standard statistical methods, such as the Cochrane‐Armitage trend test or logistic regression, fail in this setting for the analysis of unrelated subjects because of the rareness of the variants. Recently, various alternative approaches have been proposed that circumvent the rareness problem by collapsing rare variants in a defined genetic region or sets of regions. We provide an overview of these collapsing methods for association analysis and discuss the use of permutation approaches for significance testing of the data‐adaptive methods. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S12–S17, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of exome sequences with and without incorporating prior biological knowledge
Authors: Namkung Junghyun , Raska Paola , Kang Jia , Liu Yunlong , Lu Qing , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing technology provides new opportunities and challenges in the search for genetic variants that underlie complex traits. It will also presumably uncover many new rare variants, but exactly how these variants should be incorporated into the data analysis remains a question. Several papers in our group from Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 evaluated different methods of rare variant analysis, including single‐variant, gene‐based, and pathway‐based analyses and analyses that incorporated biological information. Although the performance of some of these methods strongly depends on the underlying disease model, integration of known biological information is helpful in detecting causal genes. Two work groups demonstrated that use of a Bayesian network and a collapsing receiver operating characteristic curve approach improves risk prediction when a disease is caused by many rare variants. Another work group suggested that modeling local rather than global ancestry may be beneficial when controlling the effect of population structure in rare variant association analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S48–S55, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The many faces of the hairpin ribozyme: Structural and functional variants of a small catalytic rna
Authors: Müller Sabine , Appel Bettina , Krellenberg Tobias , Petkovic Sonja 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe hairpin ribozyme is a small catalytic RNA that has been reengineered resulting in a number of variants with extended or even new functions. Thus, manipulation of the hairpin ribozyme structure has allowed for activity control by external effectors, namely oligonucleotides, flavine mononucleotide, and adenine. Hairpin ribozyme‐derived twin ribozymes that mediate RNA fragment exchange reactions as well as self‐processing hairpin ribozymes were designed. Furthermore, several hairpin ribozyme variants have been engineered for knock down of specific RNA substrates by adapting the substrate‐binding domain to the specific target sequence. This review will focus on hairpin ribozymes possessing structural extensions/variations and thus functionally differing from the parent hairpin ribozyme. © 2011 IUBMB, IUBMB Life,, 2011.
TRIM family: Pleiotropy and diversification through homomultimer and heteromultimer formation
Authors: Napolitano Luisa M. , Meroni Germana 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe TRIM family is composed of multidomain ubiquitin E3 ligases characterized by the presence of the N‐terminal tripartite motif (RING, B‐boxes, and coiled coil). TRIM proteins transfer the ubiquitin moiety to specific substrates but are also involved in ubiquitin‐like modifications, in particular SUMOylation and ISGylation. The TRIM family members are involved in a plethora of biological and physiological processes and, when altered, are implicated in many pathological conditions. Growing evidence indicates the pleiotropic effect of several TRIM genes, each of which might be connected to very diverse cellular processes. As a way to reconcile a single family member with several functions, we propose that structural features, that is, their ability to homo‐ and hetero‐di(multi)merize, can increase and diversify TRIM ubiquitin E3 ligase capability. © 2011 IUBMB Life, 2011
Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of metallothioneins
Authors: Santos Cecília R. A. , Martinho Ana , Quintela Telma , Gonçalves Isabel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are low‐molecular weight cysteine‐ and metal‐rich proteins with unquestionable metal binding capacity, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and a clear involvement in diverse physiological actions as inhibition of proapoptotic mechanisms, enhancement of cell survival, and tissue regeneration. Concurrent with this wide array of functions, MT‐1/2 have been implicated in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. The zinc binding capacity and antioxidant properties of MTs may account for most of their physiological features in the brain. However, some receptor‐mediated actions of MT‐1/2 have also been reported recently, a subject to be fully elucidated. This review analyses and updates the current knowledge on the actions of MTs related to neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in an effort to distinguish receptor‐mediated actions of MTs from those arising from its zinc binding capacity and its antioxidant properties. © 2011 IUBMB, IUBMB Life,, 2011.
Histopathologic host response to polypropylene‐based surgical mesh materials in a rat abdominal wall defect model
Authors: Huber Alexander , Boruch Alan V. , Nieponice Alejandro , Jiang Hongbin , Medberry Christopher , Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComposite polypropylene‐based surgical mesh materials including various synthetic polymers and naturally occurring biomaterials have been developed to ameliorate device‐associated inflammatory response and associated reduced compliance of pure polypropylene meshes. This study evaluated the histomorphologic response of three composite polypropylene‐based surgical meshes, Revive™, a polycarbonate polyurethane reinforced monofilamentous polypropylene scaffold, Assure™, a polycarbonate polyurethane reinforced monofilamentous polypropylene scaffold with a resorbable anti‐adhesion layer of lactide caprolactone copolymer, and Proceed™, a polypropylene mesh modified with oxidized cellulose, in a soft tissue repair model in the rat. The host inflammatory response and neotissue formation were evaluated by semiquantitative histologic scoring including the amount of cellular infiltration, angiogenesis, presence of multinucleate giant cells, fibrous connective tissue formation, and host neo‐extracellular matrix deposition for up to 26 weeks. All three composite surgical mesh materials showed good integration with host tissue as indicated by rapid cellular infiltration, abundant neo‐vascularization, minimal shrinkage, and the lack of visible mesh degradation. The devices elicited a similar inflammatory response and the presence of a mild foreign body response in spite of the different composition and morphology of these composite mesh materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.