bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effects of prostaglandin E2 on equine superficial digital flexor tendon fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Cissell J. M. , Milton S. C. , Dahlgren L. A. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of pros-taglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment on the metabolism of equine tendon fibroblasts in vitro to aid in investigating the response of tendon fibroblasts to injury and novel therapeutics.
Methods: Superficial digital flexor tendon fibroblasts isolated via collagenase digestion from six young adult horses were grown in monolayer in four concentrations of PGE2 (0, 10, 50, 100 ng/ml) for 48 hours. Cells and medium were harvested for gene expression (collagen types I and III, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP], decorin, and matrix metalloproteinase-1, –3, and –13), biochemical analysis (glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and collagen content), and cytological staining.
Results: Gene expression for collagen type I was significantly increased at 100 ng/ml PGE2 compared to 10 and 50 ng/ml. There were not any significant differences detected for gene expression of collagen type III, COMP or dec-orin or for biochemical content and cell morphology.
Clinical significance: Under the conditions investigated, exogenous treatment of equine tendon fibroblasts with PGE2 failed to alter cell metabolism in a manner useful as a model of tendon injury. A model that applies cyclic strain to a three dimensional construct seeded with tendon fibroblasts may prove to be a more useful model and merits further investigation for this purpose. The ability to assess cellular responses in an environment where the cells are supported within the extracellular matrix may prove beneficial.
A Comprehensive Surveillance of Adamantane Resistance among Human Influenza a Virus Isolated from Mainland China between 1956 and 2009
Authors: Lan Yu , Zhang Ye , Dong Libo , Wang Dayan , Huang Weijuan , Xin Li , Yang Limei , Zhao Xiang , Li Zi , Wang Wei , Li Xiyan , Xu Cuilin , Yang Lei , Guo Junfeng , Wang Min , Peng Yousong , Gao Yan , Guo Yuanji , Wen Leying , Jiang Taijiao , Shu Yuelong 
Published: September 2010

Background Adamantane-derived drugs have been used for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A virus infection for many years worldwide. Rapid surveillance of antiviral drug resistance is important for appropriate clinical guideline development. Here, we retrospectively assessed adamantane resistance among different influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1) over 53 years (1956–2009) in mainland China. Methods A total of 1,451 viruses, including 773 H3N2 viruses, 647 H1N1 viruses and 31 human H5N1 viruses, were analysed by matrix gene sequencing and assayed for drug resistance. Results Our results show that the prevalence of adamantane- resistant H3N2 viruses was low between 1956 and 2002, but substantially increased in 2003 to the extent that since 2006 all H3N2 viruses have been drug resistant. The percentage of adamantane- resistant H1N1 viruses also increased from 50.0% in 2004 to 98.7% in 2007; however, this decreased to 46.7% in 2009. Only three adamantane-resistant H5N1 viruses have been detected since 2003, when the first case of human H5N1 virus infection was detected in mainland China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the increase of adamantane-resistant isolates was caused by point mutations or intrasubtype reassortment instead of intersubtype reassortment. Conclusions Because of the high percentage of adamantane- resistant H3N2 and H1N1 viruses in mainland China, the use of amantadine and rimantadine drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of current seasonal influenza A infection is not recommended.
Cold-Water Immersion and the Treatment of Hyperthermia: Using 38.6°C as a Safe Rectal Temperature Cooling Limit
Authors: Gagnon Daniel , Lemire Bruno B. , Casa Douglas J. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractContext:Cold-water immersion is recommended for the immediate field treatment of exertional heat stroke. However, concerns exist over potential overcooling of hyperthermic individuals during cold-water immersion.Objective:To evaluate the recommendation that removing previously hyperthermic individuals from a cold-water bath at a rectal temperature (Tre) of 38.6°C would attenuate overcooling.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Participants included 6 men and 4 women (age  =  22 ± 3 years, height  =  172 ± 10 cm, mass  =  67.8 ± 10.7 kg, body fat percentage  =  17.1% ± 4.5%, maximum oxygen consumption  =  59.3 ± 8.7 mL·kg−1·min−1).Intervention(s):After exercising at an ambient temperature of 40.0°C for 38.5 ± 9.4 minutes, until Tre reached 39.5°C, participants were immersed in a 2.0°C circulated water bath until Tre decreased to either 37.5°C or 38.6°C. Subsequently, participants were removed from the water bath and recovered for 20 minutes at an ambient temperature of 25°C.Main Outcome Measure(s):Rectal and esophageal temperatures were measured continuously during the immersion and recovery periods.Results:Because of the experimental design, the overall time of immersion was greater during the 37.5°C trial (16.6 ± 5.7 minutes) than the 38.6°C trial (8.8 ± 2.6 minutes) (t9  =  −4.740, P  =  .001). During the recovery period after cold-water immersion, both rectal (F1,9  =  50.540, P &lt; .001) and esophageal (F1,6  =  20.365, P  =  .007) temperatures remained greater in the 38.6°C trial than in the 37.5°C trial. This was evidenced by low points of 36.47°C ± 0.70°C and 37.19°C ± 0.71°C for rectal temperature (t9  =  2.975, P  =  .016) and of 35.67°C ± 1.27°C and 36.72°C ± 0.95°C for esophageal temperature (t6  =  3.963, P  =  .007) during the recovery period of the 37.5°C and 38.6°C trials, respectively.Conclusions:Immersion for approximately 9 minutes to a rectal temperature cooling limit of 38.6°C negated any risk associated with overcooling hyperthermic individuals when they were immersed in 2°C water.
Contribution of Knee Flexor and Extensor Strength on Sex-Specific Energy Absorption and Torsional Joint Stiffness During Drop Jumping
Authors: Schmitz Randy J. , Shultz Sandra J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Context:
Lower extremity injury often occurs during abrupt deceleration when attempting to change the body's direction. Although sex-specific biomechanics have been implicated in the greater risk of acute knee injury in women than in men, it is unknown if sex differences in thigh strength affect sex-specific energy absorption and torsional joint stiffness patterns.

Objective:
To determine sex differences in energy absorption patterns and joint stiffnesses of the lower extremity during a drop jump and to determine if these sex differences were predicted by knee extensor and flexor strength.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Laboratory environment.

Patients or Other Participants:
Recreationally active, college-aged students (41 women: age  =  22.1 ± 2.9 years, height  =  1.63 ± 0.07 m, mass  =  59.3 ± 8.0 kg; 40 men: age  =  22.4 ± 2.8 years, height  =  1.77 ± 0.1 m, mass  =  80.9 ± 14.1 kg).

Intervention(s):
Participants performed knee flexor and extensor maximal voluntary isometric contractions followed by double-leg drop-jump landings.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Lower extremity joint energetics (J × N−1 × m−1) and torsional joint stiffnesses (Nm × N−1 × m−1 × degrees−1) were calculated for the hip, knee, and ankle during the initial landing phase. Body weight was measured in newtons and height was measured in meters. Sex comparisons were made and sex-specific regressions determined if thigh muscle strength (Nm/kg) predicted sagittal-plane landing energetics and stiffnesses.

Results:
Women absorbed 69% more knee energy and had 36% less hip torsional stiffness than men. In women, greater knee extensor strength predicted greater knee energy absorption (R2  =  0.11, P  =  .04), and greater knee flexor strength predicted greater hip torsional stiffness (R2  =  0.12, P  =  .03).

Conclusions:
Sex-specific biomechanics during the deceleration phase of a drop jump revealed that women used a strategy to attempt to decrease system stiffness. Additionally, only female strength values were predictive of landing energetics and stiffnesses. These findings collectively demonstrated that the task may have been more difficult for women, resulting in a different movement strategy among those with different levels of thigh strength to safely complete the task. Future researchers should look at other predictive factors of observed sex differences.
Patients With Ice Hockey Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments, 1990–2006
Authors: Deits Jeff , Yard Ellen E. , Collins Christy L. , Fields Sarah K. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Context:
Although the number of US ice hockey participants doubled from 1990 to 2006, no nationally representative studies have examined US ice hockey injuries among participants of all ages during this period.

Objective:
To describe patients with ice hockey injuries presenting to a representative sample of US emergency departments (EDs) from 1990 through 2006.

Design:
Prospective injury surveillance study.

Setting:
The US Consumer Product Safety Commission collects data from 100 nationally representative EDs via the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Patients or Other Participants:
Individuals injured while playing ice hockey and presenting to a NEISS-affiliated ED from 1990 through 2006.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Incidence and patterns of ice hockey–related injuries.

Results:
From 1990 through 2006, 8228 patients with ice hockey–related injuries presented to NEISS-affiliated EDs, representing an estimated 302 368 ice hockey–related injuries sustained nationally during this time. Injuries occurred predominantly among males (93.5%). More than half of the injured were aged 9 to 14 years (28.9%) or 15 to 18 years (30.1%), and injury incidence in these age groups increased over the study period (P  =  .009 and P &lt; .001, respectively). The most commonly injured body sites were the face (19.1%), wrist/hand/finger (14.1%), shoulder/upper arm (13.8%), and lower leg/ankle/foot (11.1%). Lacerations (27.0%), contusions/abrasions (23.6%), fractures (17.3%), and sprains/strains (16.9%) were the most common injuries. Falls (16.5%), contact with boards (13.6%), and contact with stick (13.0%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Compared with those aged 9 to 18 years, those aged 2 to 8 years and those older than 18 years sustained larger proportions of face (injury proportion ratio [IPR]  =  2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  2.29, 3.08) and mouth (IPR  =  4.34; 95% CI  =  2.87, 6.56) injuries. Concussions were more common among those aged 2 to 18 years (9.0%) than in those who were older than 18 years (3.7%) (IPR  =  2.47; 95% CI  =  1.75, 3.49).

Conclusions:
Ice hockey injury patterns vary by age and sex. Our findings indicate that many trips to the ED might be prevented by using protective equipment appropriately.
Supporting the Student-Athlete's Return to the Classroom After a Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: McGrath Neal 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Objective:
This article provides a framework for school athletic trainers to use in advising colleagues about the health and academic needs of student-athletes presenting with concussions.

Background:
Management of sport-related concussions has been an area of growing concern for school athletic programs. Recent work in this area has highlighted significant risks for student-athletes presenting with these mild traumatic brain injuries.

Description:
Topics covered include general teaching points for the athletic trainer to use with school colleagues. An integrated model for school management of sport concussion injuries is presented that includes involvement of the student's athletic trainer, school nurse, guidance counselor, teachers, social worker, psychologist, physicians, and parents.

Clinical Advantages:
Academic accommodations for specific postconcussion symptoms are proposed that may help the student-athlete strike an optimum balance between rest and continued academic progress during recovery.
Exploring Zebrafish Genomic, Functional and Phenotypic Data Using ZFIN
Authors: Ramachandran Sridhar , Ruef Barbara , Pich Christian , Sprague Judy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish model organism database (ZFIN) provides a Web resource of zebrafish genomic, genetic, developmental, and phenotypic data. ZFIN curates and integrates data from current literature and from direct data submissions from laboratories. In addition, ZFIN collaborates with other bioinformatics organizations to provide links to other relevant data. These data can be accessed through a variety of Web‐based search and display tools. This unit focuses on some of the basic methods to search, visualize, and analyze ZFIN data, including genes, gene expression, mutants, morphants, transgenics, anatomical structures, and antibodies. ZFIN's GBrowse genome viewer, BLAST, and protocol and antibody wikis are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 31:1.18.1‐1.18.44. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring process of arthritis care: A proposed set of quality measures for the process of care in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Lovell Daniel J. , Passo Murray H. , Beukelman Timothy , Bowyer Suzanne L. , Gottlieb Beth S. , Henrickson Michael , Ilowite Norman T. , Kimura Yukiko , DeWitt Esi Morgan , Segerman Jill , Stein Leonard D. , Taylor Janalee , Vehe Richard K. , Giannini Edward H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe ability to assess quality of care is a necessary component of continuous quality improvement. The assessment typically is accomplished by determination of compliance with a defined set of quality measures (QMs). The objective of this effort was to establish a set of QMs for the assessment of the process of care in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsA 12‐member working group composed of representatives from the American College of Rheumatology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Board of Pediatrics, and Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals was assembled to guide the project. Delphi questionnaires were sent to 237 health professionals involved in the care of children with JIA. A total of 471 items in 23 domains were identified. The working group met via 4 live e‐meetings during which results from the Delphi questionnaires were distilled to a reduced draft set. Each working group member selected a proposed QM to investigate and present evidence from the literature as to its attributes and appropriateness for inclusion into the set. Nominal group technique was used to come to consensus on a proposed set of QMs.ResultsThe proposed set contains 12 QMs within 4 health care domains. Each QM consists of a statement of 1) the assessment to be completed, 2) when the first assessment should be completed and a suggested frequency of assessment during followup, 3) recommendations of appropriate tools or methods of assessment, and 4) initial performance goals.ConclusionImplementation of the proposed QM set will improve the process of care, facilitate continuous quality improvement, and eventuate in improved health outcomes of children with JIA.
Sintering of Magnesium
Authors: Wolff Martin , Ebel Thomas , Dahms Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSintering of magnesium powder is strongly inhibited by a stable oxide layer that is formed immediately after exposure to air. In contrast to e.g. titanium, no solubility of oxygen in solid magnesium is reported; therefore, the oxide layer is not dissolved during sintering. In this study, different methods are investigated in order to overcome this problem. It is shown that magnesium can be sintered if the sintered parts are surrounded by magnesium getter material. Calcium additions improve sinterability. The optimum calcium content lies in the range of 0.6 wt%.
Attomolar Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization Based on Enhanced Latex/Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Pinijsuwan Suttiporn , Rijiravanich Patsamon , Somasundrum Mithran , Surareungchai Werasak 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report a highly sensitive method for detecting DNA hybridization by anodic‐stripping voltammetry, using assemblies of AuNPs as electrochemical labels. The assemblies are made by layer‐by‐layer modification of sub‐micrometer latex spheres, followed by the uptake of the negatively charged AuNPs by ion exchange. The Au content can be considerably enhanced by autocatalytic reduction. Under the optimized conditions of enhancement, using differential pulse voltammetry for the stripping, 30 mer targets common to five strains of E. coli could be calibrated across the range 10 × 10−18 M to 100 × 10−18 M with a detection limit of 20 × 10−18 M, which corresponds to ≈240 DNA hybridizations.
Infrared Colloidal Quantum Dots for Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Recent Progress
Authors: Tang Jiang , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are solution‐processed semiconductors of interest in low‐cost photovoltaics. Tuning of the bandgap of CQD films via the quantum size effect enables customization of solar cells’ absorption profile to match the sun's broad visible‐ and infrared‐containing spectrum reaching the earth. Here we review recent progress in the realization of low‐cost, efficient solar cells based on CQDs. We focus in particular on CQD materials and approaches that provide both infrared and visible‐wavelength solar power conversion CQD photovoltaics now exceed 5% solar power conversion efficiency, achieved by the introduction of a new architecture, the depleted‐heterojunction CQD solar cell, that jointly maximizes current, voltage, and fill factor. CQD solar cells have also seen major progress in materials processing for stability, recently achieving extended operating lifetimes in an air ambient. We summarize progress both in device operation and also in gaining new insights into materials properties and processing – including new electrical contact materials and deposition techniques, as well as CQD synthesis, surface treatments, film‐forming technologies – that underpin these rapid advances.
Cross‐sectional geometry in the humeri of foragers and farmers from the prehispanic American Southwest: Exploring patterns in the sexual division of labor
Authors: Ogilvie Marsha D. , Hilton Charles E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe work effort of prehistoric males relative to females has long been of interest to anthropologists, particularly in foraging versus farming groups. This knowledge requires a clear understanding of the sexual division of labor, or the dichotomy in subsistence roles allocated to males and females. Such research in the Prehispanic American Southwest has been limited. As previous work has shown that bone is the osseous template that reflects in vivo activity levels, it is possible to assess gender‐based differences in past work effort using analyses of geometric properties of bone and calculations of bilateral asymmetry. Our research comparatively analyzed upper limb work effort by sex and subsistence in two skeletal samples from disparate economic groups, foragers and farmers, both from similar desert environments. The residentially mobile foragers are from the Lower Pecos region of southwest Texas and the farmers are from the aggregated pueblo of Pottery Mound in south central New Mexico. Humeri from 27 adult foragers (n = 11 males; n = 17 females) and 65 adult farmers (n = 38 males; n = 27 females) were selected for study. All humeri were radiographed and/or scanned and digitized. Statistical comparisons using two‐way ANOVAs indicate that female farmers exhibited the greatest humeral strength and the least asymmetry. Relative to all other groups examined, female farmers engaged in higher levels of upper limb work effort implying a substantial economic contribution to their agricultural economy. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of CYP26 enzymes in defining appropriate retinoic acid exposure during embryogenesis
Authors: Pennimpede Tracie , Cameron Don A. , MacLean Glenn A. , Li Hui , Abu‐Abed Suzan , Petkovich Martin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a pleiotropic derivative of vitamin A, or retinol, which is responsible for all of the bioactivity associated with this vitamin. The teratogenic influences of vitamin A deficiency and excess RA in rodents were first observed more than 50 years ago. Efforts over the last 15–20 years have refined these observations by defining the molecular mechanisms that control RA availability and signaling during murine embryonic development. This review will discuss our current understanding of the role of RA in teratogenesis, with specific emphasis on the essential function of the RA catabolic CYP26 enzymes in preventing teratogenic consequences caused by uncontrolled distribution of RA. Particular focus will be paid to the RA‐sensitive tissues of the caudal and cranial regions, the limb, and the testis, and how genetic mutation of factors controlling RA distribution have revealed important roles for RA during embryogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth defects surveillance in Florida: Infant death certificates as a case ascertainment source
Authors: Tanner Jean Paul , Salemi Jason L. , Hauser Kimberlea W. , Correia Jane A. , Watkins Sharon M. , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Completeness of case ascertainment is a concern for all birth defects registries and generally requires a multisource approach. Using infant death certificates as one case ascertainment source may identify cases of birth defects that would have otherwise been missed. We sought to examine the utility of adding infant death certificates to the Florida Birth Defect Registry's (FBDR) case ascertainment methods and to determine what factors are associated with the registry's failure to capture infants that die from birth defects. METHODS: FBDR cases from 1999 to 2006 were matched to a statewide linked birth‐infant death file. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the FBDR's ability to capture infants with a birth defect‐related cause of death (COD) and identify conditions most commonly missed. Factors associated with the FBDR's failure to capture an infant who died from a birth defect during the first year of life were identified with logistic regression models. RESULTS: There were 2558 (21.1%) infant deaths with birth defects listed as the underlying or an associated COD, of which the FBDR captured 73.3%. Most often missed defects included malformation of the coronary vessels, lung hypoplasia/dysplasia, anencephaly, and unspecified congenital malformations. Logistic regression identified gestational age/birth weight, age at death, autopsy decision, plurality, adequacy of prenatal care, and maternal nativity as factors associated with the FBDR's failure to capture an infant with a birth defect‐related COD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall potential contribution of infant death certificates to the FBDR is small, this source contributes to the prevalence of specific defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.