bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial of ultrasound therapy for hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers
Authors: Chuang L-H , Soares M O , Watson J M , Bland J M , Cullum N , Iglesias C , Kang'ombe A R , Torgerson D , Nelson E A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundA pragmatic, multicentre randomized controlled trial (VenUS III) was conducted to determine whether low-dose ultrasound therapy increased the healing rate of hard-to-heal leg ulcers. This study was a cost-effectiveness analysis of the trial data.MethodsCost-effectiveness and cost–utility analyses were conducted alongside the VenUS III trial, in which patients were randomly allocated to either ultrasound treatment administered weekly for 12 weeks along with standard care, or standard care alone. The time horizon was 12 months and based on the UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective.ResultsThe base-case analysis showed that ultrasound therapy added to standard care was likely to be more costly and provide no extra benefit over standard care alone. Individuals who received ultrasound treatment plus standard care took a mean of 14·7 (95 per cent confidence interval − 32·7 to 56·8) days longer to heal, had 0·009 (−0·042 to 0·024) fewer quality-adjusted life years and had higher treatment costs by £197·88 (−35·19 to 420·32). Based on these point estimates, ultrasound therapy plus standard care for leg ulcers was dominated by standard care alone. The analysis of uncertainty showed that this treatment strategy is unlikely to be cost-effective.ConclusionUltrasound treatment was not cost-effective for hard-to-heal leg ulcers and should not be recommended for adoption in the NHS. Registration number: ISRCTN21175670 (http://www.controlled-trials.com) and N0484162339 (National Research Register).
Strategies of xylanase supplementation for an efficient saccharification and cofermentation process from pretreated wheat straw
Authors: Alvira Pablo , Tomás‐Pejó Elia , José Negro María , Ballesteros and Mercedes 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEthanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials includes a pretreatment step before enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Pretreated substrates contain complex hemicelluloses in the solid fraction that can protect the cellulose from enzymatic attack. In addition, soluble xylooligomers are contained in the pretreated materials and may have an inhibitory effect on cellulase activity. In this context, several approaches for xylanase supplementation have been studied to increase EH yields. In this study, the whole slurry obtained after steam explosion pretreatment of wheat straw has been used as substrate. EH experiments were performed using commercial cellulase preparations supplemented with an endoxylanase (XlnC) from Aspergillus nidulans. Among different strategies of XlnC supplementation, the 24‐h xylanase treatment before cellulase addition yielded an increase of 40.1 and 10.1% in glucose and xylose production, respectively. Different XlnC addition strategies were integrated in a simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation process (SSCF) using the xylose fermenting strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae F12. Ethanol production in SSCF was 28.4% higher when comparing to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
An anatomically based imaging sign to detect adventitial cyst derived from the superior tibiofibular joint
Authors: Hébert‐Blouin Marie‐Noëlle , Pirola Elena , Amrami Kimberly K. , Wang Huan , Desy Nicholas M. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe origin for complex intraneural cysts remains controversial despite recent emerging evidence to support their articular origin. The coexistence of intraneural and adventitial cysts has been described due to the proximate neurovascular bundle, i.e., the articular (neural) branch and vessels at the joint capsule. To clarify the pathogenesis, anatomically based imaging patterns can be identified. This paper characterizes a common finding identified on MRI describing the adventitial component originating from the superior tibiofibular joint (STFJ). MRIs of patients with fibular (peroneal) (n = 24) and tibial (n = 7) intraneural ganglion cysts were reviewed. Eleven patients with fibular intraneural ganglion cysts were identified as having a coexisting adventitial component. In all cases, the adventitial cyst extended from the anterior portion of the STFJ, within the capsular vessels, and along the anterior tibial vessels. The reproducible anatomy permitted the identification of an imaging pattern: the “vascular U” sign, consisting of cystic anterior tibial vessels running through the interosseous membrane between the proximal tibia and fibula. This sign was seen on axial MR image(s) obtained at the level of the fibular neck in all cases. To generalize these findings, the rare tibial intraneural ganglion cysts (derived from the posterior aspect of the STFJ) were examined; two cases had coexisting adventitial cysts with visualization of the vascular U sign. This new imaging pattern can improve the identification of adventitial cysts at the level of the STFJ. Clin. Anat. 24:893–902, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioconjugates of Enantiomerically Pure Organopalladium Compounds by Metal‐Assisted Positional Selective Transesterifications at Palladium Enolates
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Riedel Dominic , Grundl Marc A. , Wittel Bärbel C. , Föll Andreas , Lubkoll Jana , Traut Telisha , Hewer Raymond , Rominger Frank , Frey Wolfgang , Bats Jan W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of enantiomerically pure palladatricyclo[4.1.0.02,4]heptanes and their modification by an unprecedented and very efficient positional selective transesterification is described. The mild reaction conditions are most probably based on an acceleration of the transesterification due to assistance by the metal. This novel approach allows straightforward access to a large number of structurally diverse organometallic complexes. The functional groups on the newly installed ester moieties were modified by using standard peptide synthesis protocols, Sonogashira reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions. The cellular uptake of these organometallic species was traced by confocal microscopy and their biological activity was evaluated by using different cell lines. Inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death by these novel palladium heterocycles are equivalent to Cisplatin.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Vanadoborate‐Supported Hexanuclear Zinc Complex [Zn(teta)]6 [(VO)12O6B18O36(OH)6] (H2O)·8H2O.
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe new title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of V2O5, ZnSO4, H3BO3, teta (teta: triethylenetetramine), pyridine, and H2O (autoclave, 145 °C, 6 d, 73% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and NLO Properties of 1D Heterothiometallic Anionic W/S/Ag Clusters Possessing Solvento‐Ytterbium Cation‐Directed Isomeric Skeletons.
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Meng Suci , Song Yinglin , Yang Junyi , Wei Hongyang , Huang Wenjiang , Cifuentes Marie P. , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCompounds (IV), (V), and (VI) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and nonlinear optical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: An Experimental Study of Special Leaving Group Behavior in the Reaction of Arylidenebarbituric Acids with Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Bigdeli Mohammad A. , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Habibi Azizollah , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDepending on the nucleophile and on the presence of N—H bonds in barbituric acids the title reaction leads to 3 different products of type (III), (V) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reactions Leading to Bicyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Benzopyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Wang Yangyang , Qu Yingying , Xu Haiyun , He Yan , Zhang Xinying , Wang Jianji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new, general, and efficient method to prepare pyranopyrimidinedione nucleosides, pyranopyrimidinediones, and benzopyranones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: V(HSO4)3‐Promoted Oxidation of Alcohols and Trimethylsilyl, Tetrahydropyranyl and Methoxymethyl Ethers with Cu(NO3)2·3H2O in the Absence of Solvent.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Abedini Masoumeh , Pourvali Aysa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe main advantages in the synthesis of aldehydes and ketones are relatively high reaction rates and simple and clean work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of (Z)‐2‐En‐4‐yn Carbonates Leading to 2,3,5‐Trienoates.
Authors: Akpinar G. Eray , Kus Melih , Ucuencue Muhammed , Karakus Erman , Artok Levent 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction (E)‐configurated substrates carbonate generates only a small amount of the desired vinylallene together with a complex mixture of by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Substituted Alkyl Aldehydes for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Hydroacylation: The Utility of Methylthiomethyl Ethers.
Authors: Parsons Scott R. , Hooper Joel F. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction with a wide range of terminal alkynes affords α‐O‐methylthiomethyl‐substituted enone products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenone Rings: Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Acyloxy Migration and Subsequent [5 + 1] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shu Dongxu , Li Xiaoxun , Zhang Min , Robichaux Patrick J. , Tang Weiping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe title reaction of various cyclopropanes in the presence of carbon monoxide results in stereoselective formation of cyclohexenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Hydrogen Bond Donor Catalysts Based on a 4,5‐Diaminoxanthene Scaffold: Application to Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Obuchi Kazumichi , Tamura Shinji , Fukuyama Takashi , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCatalysts of type (I) are developed and successfully applied to the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Indium Homoenolate with Aryl Halide with Wide Functional Group Compatibility.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Lai Yin‐Chang , Wong Colin Hong An , Goh Kelvin Kau Kiat , Yang Yong‐Sheng , Cheong Hao‐Lun , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Weinreb and MAP Aryl Amides via Pd‐Catalyzed Heck Aminocarbonylation Using Mo(CO)6 or W(CO)6.
Authors: Wieckowska Anna , Fransson Rebecca , Odell Luke R. , Larhed Mats 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt allows a convenient access to various Weinreb and MAP aryl amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Hetero Chains. Part 19. Synthesis, Structures, and Aggregation Properties of N‐Acylamidines.
Authors: Wigbers Christof , Prigge Joerg , Mu Zhongchen , Froehlich Roland , Chi Lifeng , Wuerthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA library of N‐acylamidines bearing three different aromatic or aliphatic substituents is prepared using various synthetic pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reactions of 2‐Alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydropyrans with Thiols or Thiophenols.
Authors: Li Minghao , Li Haoquan , Li Tao , Gu Yanlong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMnBr2‐catalyzed treatment of 2‐alkoxy‐3,4‐dihydropyrans with thiols and thiophenols results in unexpected formation of novel compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Gelatin as a Bioorganic Reductant, Ligand and Support for Palladium Nanoparticles. Application as a Catalyst for Ligand‐ and Amine‐Free Sonogashira—Hagihara Reaction.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Ghaderi Arash 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA clean, eco‐friendly one‐pot method furnishes uniform nanoparticles, supported on gelatin, without the use of any special reducing agents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Convergent Cascade Cyclization to cis‐Hydrindans with All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers and Its Application in the Synthesis of the Aglycon of Dendronobiloside A.
Authors: Han Yejian , Zhu Lizhi , Gao Yuan , Lee Chi‐Sing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated by preparation of the aglycon (V) of dendronobiloside A.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds by Trifluoromethyl Sulfonium Salts.
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Wang Zong‐Ling , Chen Qing‐Yun , Zhang Chun‐Tao , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBased on the observation that substrate (I) can be reduced by metals, a convenient synthesis of trifluoromethylated aryl and hetaryl derivatives from the corresponding iodides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Characterization of New Polymerizable Conjugated 2,5‐Di(selenophen‐2‐yl)pyrroles and 2,5‐Difuranylpyrroles.
Authors: Amaladass Pitchamuthu , Pasunooti Kalyan Kumar , Png Zihuan , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe target compounds are prepared via Paal—Knorr reaction and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones via an Efficient Fixation of CO2 with 3‐Aryl‐2‐alkynamides.
Authors: Chen Guofei , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReaction of 3‐aryl‐2‐alkynamides (I) and (IV) with carbon dioxide proceeds under very mild conditions to give oxazolidinediones (III) and (V), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1′‐Disubstituted Bis(1,2,3‐triazole)s Using Monosilylbutadiynes.
Authors: Doak Bradley C. , Scanlon Martin J. , Simpson Jamie S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStepwise and one‐pot procedures are developed for the preparation of a variety of unsymmetrical 4,4′‐linked bis(1,2,3‐triazoles).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 3‐(Succinimid‐3‐yl)‐2‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives by Sequential Intra‐ and Intermolecular Michael Reactions Between 2‐Aminopyridines and Maleimides.
Authors: Shimo Tetsuro , Itoh Tomoko , Araki Yasutaka , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Shinmyozu Teruo , Somekawa Kenichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of the reaction is elucidated by means of MOPAC‐PM6 calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids with Hydroxyl Group at the C14 Position and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Yaegashi Takashi , Matsuzaki Takeshi , Hashimoto Syusuke , Sawada Seigo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric total synthesis of the strongly cytotoxic phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid (IX) is achieved via a photo‐induced electron cyclization reaction to (II), a racemization‐free amination—cyclization sequence using (S)‐diisopropyl glutamate as chiral building block, and diastereoselective reduction to (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Gephyronic Acid, a Missing Link between Polyketide Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis. Part 1. Structural Revision and Stereochemical Assignment of Gephyronic Acid.
Authors: Nicolas Lionel , Anderl Timo , Sasse Florenz , Steinmetz Heinrich , Jansen Rolf , Hoefle Gerhard , Laschat Sabine , Taylor Richard E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe structure of the title compound, a constituent of the myxobacterium Archangium gephyra (Ar 3895) which exists as a separable mixture of keto and hemiketal isomers, is unambiguously confirmed as (I).
CO2 sequestration using principles of shell formation
Authors: Lee Seung‐Woo , Lee Si‐Hyun , Jang Young‐Nam , Lim Kyoung‐Soo , Jeong Soon‐Kwan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBiomimetic sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the methods proposed to reduce the CO2 released into the atmosphere. In this study, we compared soluble protein of hemocyte from diseased shell (HDS) and extrapallial fluid (EPF) extracted from Crassostrea gigas with bovine carbonic anhydrase II in terms of their ability to promote CO2 hydration and the production of calcium precipitates. On the basis of the experiments of CO2 hydration, the key role of HDS was identified. Moreover, mass‐spectroscopic analysis (MALDI‐TOF) and circular dichroism (CD) analysis were used for understanding molecular weight and secondary protein structure. From the amino acid sequence and secondary protein structure, the different processes of CO2 hydration by bovine carbonic anhydrase II and HDS could be assessed.
Inhibitors of the Interactions between HIV‐1 IN and the Cofactor LEDGF/p75
Authors: De Luca Laura , Ferro Stefania , Morreale Francesca , De Grazia Sara , Chimirri Alba 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is a complex multistep process that depends on both viral and host cell factors. The nuclear protein lens epithelium‐derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a multidomain protein, present in host cells, which plays an important role in the integration process. LEDGF/p75 not only binds HIV‐1 integrase (IN) at its IN binding domain (IBD) but also contains several motifs that function in DNA and chromatin binding. The demonstrated importance of the association between IN and LEDGF/p75 in HIV‐1 integration suggests the possibility that this protein–protein interaction (PPI) could be exploited as an antiviral target. We describe herein the progress to date in developing inhibitors of this promising target.
Normen im Mauerwerksbau — Hintergründe und Strukturen
Authors: Feine Immo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract“Normen machen Märkte” lautet der Titel einer Pressemitteilung des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie vom 02. September 2009. Darin wird über das an diesem Tag von der Bundesregierung beschlossene normungspolitische Konzept berichtet, in dem die hohe wirtschaftspolitische Bedeutung von Normen und die damit erreichbaren Ziele herausgestellt werden. Einige dieser Ziele sind die Öffnung von Märkten, die Deregulierung der Gesetzgebung durch den Bezug auf technische Normen oder die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit im internationalen Kontext. Grund genug, um sich mit dem Thema Normung grundlegend auseinanderzusetzen und Hintergründe und Strukturen aus dem Bereich des Mauerwerksbaus aufzuzeigen.Codes for masonry constructions — backgrounds and structures. “Standards create markets” is the title of a press release by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of 2 September 2009. The press release reports on the standards policy adopted by the Federal Government on that day in which the major economic importance of standards and the attainable goals are identified. Some of these are to open markets, deregulate legislation by reference to technical standards or to enhance competitiveness in the international context. Reason enough to take a good look at standardization and to identify the background and structures in the field of masonry construction.
Au�ergewöhnliche Einwirkungen nach DIN EN 1991‐1‐7
Authors: Kunz Claus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDIN EN 1991‐1‐7 (2010‐12) [1] sowie der zugehörige Nationale Anhang DIN EN 1991‐1‐7/NA (2010—12) regeln künftig auf der Grundlage des neuen europäischen Normenkonzepts “Au�ergewöhnliche Einwirkungen”, die früher als Katastrophenlasten bezeichnet wurden. Mit der bauaufsichtlichen Einführung ist zum 01. Juli 2012 zu rechnen [2], so dass zu diesem Zeitpunkt die derzeit noch gültige DIN 1055‐9 (2003‐08) [3] ersetzt werden wird. Der Nationale Anhang zu DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 regelt 43 in DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 erlaubte Öffnungsklauseln für nationale Festlegungen, sogenannte “Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP)” sowie 13 der DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 nicht widersprechende zusätzliche Informationen (“Non Contradictory Complementary Informations (NCI)”. Wird nachfolgend “DIN EN 1991‐1‐7+NA” erwähnt, so ist für den besprochenen Sachverhalt die eigentliche Norm unter Berücksichtigung des deutschen Nationalen Anhangs gemeint. In diesem Beitrag wird vor dem Hintergrund des Mauerwerksbaus auf Regelungen der DIN 1991‐1‐7+NA für Hochbauten eingegangen.Accidental actions according DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 — a reflection for buildings. Starting from july 2012 DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 (2010—12) and the adjacent National Annex will be the code for accidental actions based on the new European design concept. DIN EN 1991‐1‐7 and the National annex deal with actions from vehicle, railway, helicopter and ship collision as well as from gas explosion. The National Annex covers 43 procedures, values and recommendations which are opened for national choices known as Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP) and 13 additional informations known as Non Contradictory Complementary Informations (NCI). This contribution aims at a introducing information of the new code “Accidental Actions” for buildings. As for buildings concern is made for collisions to the outside walls of houses, parking garages buildings in the vicinity of and over railways and for gas explosions. Considering gas explosions the design philosophy of the code is based on three consequence classes representing the consequence of failure or malfunction of the structure. According these classes adjusted different design methods are recommended.
Bemessung im Mauerwerksbau nach EC 6 — wie geht es weiter?
Authors: Hauschild Carola , Ostendorf David , Purtak Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNachdem die im Mauerwerksbau gültigen nationalen Normen zunächst in einer neuen Normenreihe DIN 1053‐11 bis DIN 1053‐14 aktualisiert, an den Stand der Technik und den in den nächsten Jahren verbindlich werdenden Eurocode 6 angepasst werden sollten, hat sich mittlerweile der Druck zur Einführung der Eurocodes in Deutschland erhöht. Eine An wendung der Eurocode‐Normen ist nur mit den für das jeweilige Land gültigen Nationalen Anhängen möglich. Deshalb beschloss das Lenkungsgremium des Fachbereichs 06 “Mauerwerkbau” dem Entwurf der Nationalen Anhänge zu Eurocode 6 den Vorrang zu geben und mit Hochdruck an deren Fertigstellung zu arbeiten.Zum Zeitpunkt des Erscheinens dieses Heftes werden die Entwürfe zu den Nationalen Anhängen des EC 6 beim DIN erschienen sein, und die Fachöffentlichkeit ist aufgefordert, innerhalb der viermonatigen Einspruchsfrist bis zum 04.08.2011 Kommentare abzugeben und ggf. Einsprüche geltend zu machen.Dieser Beitrag stellt in Kürze das Vorgehen bei der Einführung der europäischen Normen und bei der Zurückziehung der nationalen Normen für den Mauerwerksbau in Deutschland dar. Im Folgenden wird auf wesentliche Veränderungen in der Mauerwerksbemessung, die sich mit dem Eurocode 6 und den im Entwurf vorliegenden Nationalen Anhängen ergeben, eingegangen.Design of masonry structures to EC 6 — the next steps — Appeal process for the drafts to national annexes DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA, DIN EN 1996‐2/NA and DIN EN 1996‐3/NA runs. Since the valid national standards in masonry construction first should have been updated in a new standard series of DIN 1053‐11 to DIN 1053‐14, adapted to the state of the art and the Eurocode 6 which will become compulsory within the next years, the pressure for the introduction of the Eurocodes in Germany has increased meanwhile. A use of the Eurocode standards is only possible in connection with the National Annexes valid for the respective country. Therefore, the steering committee of FB 06 “Masonry constructions” decided to give the draft of the National Annexes to Eurocode 6 priority and to work flat out on their completion.At the time of the appearance of this journal the drafts to the National Annexes to Eurocode 6 will have published by the German Institute for Standardization and the professional public is asked to make comments and if necessary to raise objections within the 4‐month time for appeal up to the 4/08/2011.This contribution shows shortly the action of the introduction of the European standards and of the withdrawal of the national standards of masonry construction in Germany. The following article deals with essential changes resulting from EC 6 and the draft of the National Annexes in the design of masonry.