bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTING ACTION OF EFFLUENTS FROM THE ISOLATED GUINEA PIG ILEUM
Authors: Medaković M , Radmanović B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An analysis was made of the effect of effluents from both outside and inside of the isolated guinea pig ileum segments. The action of the outside effluents was directed towards nervous elements of the test segment of the isolated ileum. According to the effect of atropine, morphine and hexamethonium, the action of theeffluent resembled that of 5-HT. Atropine and antazoline did not inhibit the effect of the effluent obtained from the inside of the donor gut upon the isolated rat fundus, but BOL and LSD did so in most experiments. The effect of this effluent upon the test segment of the guinea pig ileum was inhibited by morphine, or by a previous desensitation of the preparation by large doses of 5-HT. The smooth muscle stimulating effect of the effluent probably was due to its content in 5-HT and at least partly to some other as yet unidentified substance(s).
APPLICATION OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD TO THE DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM PENICILLIN, PROCAINE PENICILLIN AND BENZATHINE PENICILLIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Holbrook A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method originally designed for the estimation of potassium penicillin has been applied to procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin. A solution containing the penicillin salt is heated under controlled conditions with a sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution of pH 4&#x006d;̇6 to which a trace of copper sulphate has been added. The optical absorption of the resulting penicillinic acid is measured on a spectrophotometer. The method has a standard error of 3 per cent and is applicable to a variety of penicillin preparations ranging in potency from 0&#x006d;̇5 units/mg. upwards.
A FLUORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR MINUTE AMOUNTS OF SOME THIOHYDANTOINS
Authors: Auerbach M E , Angell Eleanor 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A fluorimetric assay sensitive to μg. quantities of certain thiohydantoins has been devised using dichloroquinone chloroimide as a fluorescence reagent. The nature of the buffer used is critical. Satisfactory results have been obtained for recoveries from urine, spinal fluid and plasma. 16 thiohydantoins and some related compounds have been examined by the suggested technique.
Studies in the Genus Digitalis: Part VII. Variations in Glycosidal Content Within Clones ofDigitalis purpurea
Authors: Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
First year leaves of Digitalis purpurea, collected in July or August, contain smaller amounts of glycosides than those collected in September, October or early November when the values are relatively constant, with a coefficient of variation of about 7 per cent. Second year leaves contain uniform amounts of glycosides until the plant is in full flower, coefficient of variation about 8 per cent, after which glycosidal content decreases. Weight of leaf per plant increases throughout the first year of growth; it is less for second year plants and reaches a maximum in the early stages of flowering. Defloration of second year plants changes the accumulation pattern of glycosides to that of first year plants. Coefficient of variation in glycosidal content within groups of up to 10 plants in one clone was 9.4 per cent for first year plants (265 plants from 13 clones, grown on four sites, three growing seasons) and was 13.3 per cent for second year plants. Between groups of 10 plants coefficients of variation were 8.5 per cent (first year) and 11.5 per cent (second year). Season of growth and site where grown both influence the glycosidal content of plants; the latter is probably due to climate rather than to nutrition. In comparative experiments on different sites the influence of the site may be eliminated by expressing all results as percentages of the corresponding mean site values; this has been done for 45 comparisons on each of four sites when the coefficients of variation were first year plants 10.5 per cent, second year plants 12.0 per cent. It is concluded that these figures are a measure of the coefficient of variation of total glycosidal content in a clone of Digitalis purpurea leaves.
The Effect of Thalidomide in Experimental Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Martindale K , Somers G F , Wilson C W M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A study has been made of the effects of thalidomide, a new sedative hypnotic drug, in stress and phenylbutazone-induced ulcers in the rat. The results have shown that thalidomide inhibits stress induced ulcers but does not affect the local mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of phenylbutazone-induced ulcers. It does eliminate stress-induced components in phenylbutazone ulcers, which indicates that the mode of action is a central one.
Physico-Chemical Studies of (1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidyl) Methyl Benzilate Methyl Methosulphate: Part I. The Determination of (1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidyl) Methyl Benzilate Methyl Methosulphate in the Presence of its Breakdown Products
Authors: Singleton D O , Wells G M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The determination of (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)methyl benzilate methyl methosulphate by the formation of a chloroform-soluble, blue complex with ammonium cobaltothiocyanate is described. The optical density in chloroform at 322 mμ is directly related to the amount of compound present. The method is applicable in the presence of breakdown products and has been used to determine the concentration of (methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)methyl benzilate methyl methosulphate in tablets and in linctuses.
An Examination of the Decomposition of Dextrose Solution During Sterilisation
Authors: Wing W T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method is described for assessing the degree of decomposition of dextrose in solutions by measuring absorptiometrically the blue colour produced by a reaction with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The amount of decomposition depends on the duration and temperature of the sterilisation process, the concentration of dextrose and the presence of added substances. It is minimal at about pH 3. A product other than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is formed. Two breakdown products of dextrose, gluconic acid and 5-hydroxymethyfurfural, also progressively alter in composition when their solutions are autoclaved for increasing periods either separately or as a mixture.
Some Factors Involved in Multiple Spot Formation in the Paper Chromatography of Sympathomimetic Amines in the Presence of Acids
Authors: Beckett A H , Beaven M A , Robinson Ann E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The paper chromatographic behaviour of a variety of amines both alone and in the presence of acids in acidic, neutral and basic running solvents is reported. Using a n-butanol: acetic acid: water solvent, multiple spot formation by several pure sympathomimetic amines was observed in the presence of the stronger organic acids. Many weaker acids affected the amines in a neutral solvent. The results emphasise the need for correct controls and the cautious interpretation of chromatograms of biological extracts since the number of spots produced is not necessarily indicative of the number of bases present.
The Phenolic Acids of Urine—A Study of Methylation
Authors: Tompsett S L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Normal human urine contains methanol largely as methoxylated compounds; a small quantity of free methanol is also present. The methoxylated compounds exist partly as ether-soluble compounds, for example methylated phenolic acids, and partly as methoxylated compounds not extracted by ether from acid solution. The latter may be related chemically to quercitrin. Feeding experiments suggest that 3,4-dihydroxyphenolic substances are largely methylated while with other phenolic substances methylation is minimal.
Some Pharmacological Properties of 5-Chloro-2,4-Disulphamyltoluene “Disamide” an Orally Active Diuretic Agent
Authors: David A , Fellowes K P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
5-Chloro-2,4-disulphamyl toluene, “Disamide”, is a non toxic orally active diuretic agent which has been compared with acetazolamide and chlorothiazide. Disamide at half the dose of chlorothiazide caused a greater diuresis and Na+excretion but had a slightly less Cl−excretion. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity was 0.4 times that of acetazolamide but unlike the latter Disamide still caused diuresis after prolonged administration. Disamide and chlorothiazide were found to have no effect on blood pressure or respiration. The anti-convulsant activity in mice is similar to acetazolamide. The new diuretic agent has no antibacterial, hypoglycaemic or analgesic properties.
Potential Reserpine Analogues: Part I. Derivatives of Tryptamine
Authors: Karim M A , Linnell W H , Sharp L K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The six amides, cis-N-(3-indolylethyl)-3-methoxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid amide (II), cis-N-(3-indolylethyl)-N-3-methoxycyclohexylmethyl-acetamide (IV), N-(3-indolylethyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamide (V), N-(3-indolylethyl)-3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetamide (VII), 3-indolyl-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)acetamide (VIII) and 4-methoxycyclohexyl-acetotryptamide (X), have been prepared. II has been reduced to cis-N-(3-methoxycyclohexylmethyl)tryptamine (III); VII and VIII have both been reduced to N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)tryptamine (IX), X has been reduced to N-(4-methoxycyclohexylethyl)tryptamine (XI) and V to N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)tryptamine (VI). Nine of the compounds, II-VI, VIII-XI, were compared with reserpine for their power to potentiate barbiturate hypnosis in mice, and to deplete the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of rat brain. Only compound (IV) was active in both tests, having about one-thirteenth the activity of reserpine. Compound (V) was about one-eighth as active as reserpine in producing potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis.
Esters of N-Methylpyrrolidinylalkanols as Local Anaesthetics
Authors: Linnell W H , Perks F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three new pyrrolidylalkanol esters, 2-p-methoxybenzoyloxymethyl-1-methyl-, 2,5-di(p-methoxybenzoyloxymethyl)-1-methyl- and 2,5-di(2- p-methoxybenzoyloxypropyl)-1-methyl-pyrrolidine have been prepared and tested as local anaesthetics. The activity of the last compound has been shown to be almost identical with that of cocaine by the intracutaneous route, though it is without action on the cornea.
The Development of Tolerance to Morphine in Rats Concurrently Treated with Chlorpromazine
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Irena M , Lu F C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using a modified hot plate method for measuring analgesia in rats, the analgesic dose of morphine was estimated to be about 5 mg./kg. This dose increased by 50 per cent the time the animals withstood exposure before reacting to the thermal stimulation. When chlor-promazine 1.5 mg./kg. was given simultaneously with morphine, a similar degree of analgesia was obtained with about 2 mg./kg. of the narcotic. The sensitivity decreased markedly in rats receiving daily injections of analgesic doses of morphine. Chlorpromazine did not retard the development of tolerance to morphine in these rats. Some of the toxic effects of morphine, however, were less marked in the rats treated with both drugs than those treated with morphine alone.
On the Interfacial Tension Between Gelatin and Sodium Alginate Solutions and Benzene
Authors: Shotton E , Kalyan K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using the systems of benzene and either gelatin solution or sodium alginate described, the results of the sessile drop method depended upon whether the drop was formed from benzene or from the solution. It is suggested that the difference in the results may be accounted for by some form of structure in the solution.
The Effect of Hormones and their Analogues Upon the Uptake of Glucose by Mouse Skin in vitro
Authors: Overell B G , Condon S E , Petrow V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An experimental system is described for measuring the uptake of glucose by mouse skin in vitro. Insulin is found to stimulate and hydrocortisone to depress the glucose uptake of this system when added to the medium in concentrations comparable to those which may occur in vivo. Oestrogens, androgens and progestational agents, in contrast, have no effect at approximately physiological levels, but cause some depression of glucose uptake at high concentrations.
Polarographic Estimation of Amphenone B and Su 4885
Authors: Stárka Luboš , Buben Ivan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The polarographic behaviour of the compounds Amphenone B (3,3-bis(p-aminophenyl)-butan-2-one) and Su 4885 (1,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-ethylenebis-3-pyridine) in aqueous medium is described. Both substances are reduced at the dropping mercury electrode by two electrons and produce well-developed diffusion cathodic waves of a height proportional to the concentration of the depolariser. Su 4885 can be estimated polarographically also in adrenal homogenates in Ringer-Krebs phosphate buffer.
The Antagonism of the Antibacterial Action of Mercury Compounds
Authors: Cook A M , Steel K J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Qualitative experiments previously reported showed dimercaprol to be the most, and thioglycollate the least, efficient antagonist of mercuric chloride. Quantitative experiments reversed this order, but the greater susceptibility of dimercaprol to oxidation is responsible for its apparent lack of efficiency. The recovery of mercuric chloride-treated E. coli on media containing an antagonist is affected by the incubation conditions especially when thioglycollate is used as the antagonist. Plots of the percentage of recovered cells against the contact time give different shaped curves for glutathione compared with those for cysteine and thioglycollic acid. Glutathione only inactivates mercuric chloride in the system or adsorbed onto the bacterial cells whereas cysteine and thioglycollic acid, in addition, penetrate the cell and antagonise mercuric chloride within. The incomplete recoveries obtained indicate that the action of mercuric chloride is bactericidal, not bacteriostatic. The rate of kill of E. coli by mercuric chloride was logarithmic under the experimental conditions used.
Water-Soluble Cellulose Derivatives Uses as Primareym Ulsifying Agents. Parti 1
Authors: Davies R E M , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A study has been made of the effects of heat, acid and alkali, salts and alcohol on the stability of methyl-, methylethyl- and sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose emulsions of liquid paraffin. All were stable for 4 to 8 weeks at 40°, but at 80° deteriorated rapidly, the order of decreasing stability being methyl-, methylethyl- and sodium carboxy-methylcellulose emulsions. Heating at 115° for 30 minutes decreased the stability of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, but not of methyl- and methylethyl-cellulose emulsions. Stability in the presence of added substances depended largely on the physical properties of the reaction products. The results are related to the behaviour under similar conditions of aqueous dispersions of the three derivatives, and the influence on emulsion stability of dehydration and degradation of the emulsifying agent is discussed.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid—A Triterpene with Anti-Oestrogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Kraus Shirley D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid was found to resemble the Δ4-3-ketosteroids in antagonising uterine growth response to exogenous oestrogen in doses which did not interfere with somatic growth or the oestrogenic effect on pituitary trophic hormones. The anti-oestrogenic effect was not mediated through gonadal inhibition, adrenal stimulation or potentiation of endogenous adrenal corticoids. Glycyrrhetinic acid is neither androgenic, oestrogenic nor anti-androgenic. However, it does resemble the glucocorticoids in depressing granuloma tissue formation in adrenalectomised rats.
Toxic Actions of Oestrogens on the Liver
Authors: Kulcsár-Gergely Judith , Kulcsár Andrós 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The endogenous oestrogen level rises after hepatic damage. With its rise, the condition of the damaged liver deteriorates. This is supported by experiments in which mature ovariectomised animals were loaded with oestrogen. The introduction of oestrogen increases the strain on the damaged liver because of its reduced inactivating capacity. On comparing the results with clinical data in the literature, it is concluded that oestrogen therapy is contra-indicated when hepatic damage is present.
Preliminary Chemical Investigations on Some Indian Substitutes of Male Fern
Authors: Mittal T C , Mehra P N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
To find suitable indigenous substitutes for the official male fern, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, which has to be imported into India, fourteen species of Dryopteris Adanson, two of Ctenitis C. Chr. and one each of Hypodematium Kuhn and Cyrtomium Presl, have been assayed to determine the percentage of oleoresin and crude “filicin” in each. The studies have revealed that some of the Indian species have a far higher oleoresin and crude “filicin” content than the official drug. Only some species occur in abundance in nature; their pharmacological activity has not yet been assessed.
Thermal Stability of Insulin Made from Zinc Insulin Crystals
Authors: Stephenson N R , Romans R G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A commercial insulin preparation was stored for 2 years, its normal shelf-life, at temperatures from 2° to 36°. Full potency was retained for 2 years when the sample was kept at 2°. However, the activity of the insulin decreased with time as the storage temperature was increased. After one year at room temperature (20° to 25°) the activity of the insulin sample was 20 per cent below that stated on the label. Between 2° and 20° there was a consistent but not significant drop in activity. In the initial period the loss in potency may be essentially a reaction of zero order.
A Note on Royal Jelly
Authors: Dayan A D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Royal jelly is a secretion of the honey bee which is essential for the development of queen bees. Its composition is not yet completely known. It contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fatty acids (one of which is unique) and vitamins. The biological effects of the jelly are disputed. It has antibiotic power; it affects the adrenal cortex and can cause hyperglycaemia; and it has an antitumorigenic effect in mice. There is no good evidence that it has oestrogenic activity, or that it affects the growth, longevity or fertility of animals. Clinically it has been used as a general tonic, to ward off the effects of old age and to ease sufferers from chronic degenerative diseases. It seems likely that the novelty of the treatment and not the substance itself has been responsible for whatever successes it has had in these conditions.
The Interaction of Chelating Agents with Bacteria Part II. Cation Binding and the Antibacterial Effects of 8-Hydroxyquinol(Oinxein E)
Authors: Robinson Ann E , Beckett A H , Dar R N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The binding of iron, cobalt and manganese ions from their aqueous solutions by viable and heat-killed suspensions of Staph. aureus is investigated. Competitive uptake of any two of these metal ions by viable and heat-killed organisms was also studied. The cation binding properties of viable and nonviable suspensions of Staph. aureus were compared and discussed. Data for the uptake of metal ions are also discussed in relation to the bactericidal effects of oxine solutions containing an equimolar concentration of iron and similar solutions containing additional iron, or cobalt or manganese.
The Importance of the 19-Methyl and the C(20) Ketone Groups for the Thymolytic Activity of the Adrenocortical Steroids
Authors: Stephenson N R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Evidence is presented to show that reduction of the ketone grouping at carbon 20 in the α-ketol side chain of the adrenocortical steroid to form either the α- or β-hydroxy derivative, produced a profound, if not complete, loss in the ability of the analogue to involute the thymus gland of the immature albino rat. The 19-nor-derivative of hydrocortisone (cortisol) was unable to produce a significant decrease in the thymus weight at the doses employed, suggesting that the 19-methyl is one of the groups which are essential for the thymolytic activity of the corticosteroids. A 19-norhydrocortisone derivative in which the 4-dehydro-3-keto grouping in ring A was replaced by a phenolic type of structure similar to that found in the oestrogenic steroids had no effect on the thymus gland of the rat.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Alkaloidal Content of Datura Stramonium L
Authors: Fish F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Gibberellic acid, at three dose levels, was injected into growing plants of Datura stramonium and the effects on plant habit, yield, and total alkaloidal content of the leaves and tops recorded. Increase in height of treated plants was due to increased internode length, especially on the treated side of the plant. Rapid growth in stem diameter caused axial splitting of the outer tissues resulting in the appearance of scar tissue. Increases in dry weights of aerial parts, observed only in plants treated over a limited period, were due to greater stem development and did not vary with the dose of gibberellic acid given. In plants treated at intervals over a long growing period, there was increased stem production but no gain in total dry weight. Yields of leaves and tops in treated plants were not significantly different from those in control groups. Significantly increased root weights were noted for a few groups of treated plants but proportion of root to total plant weight remained constant. There was a significant decrease in percentage alkaloidal content of leaves and tops in treated plants, the content being lowest in the plants which had received the highest dose of gibberellic acid.
Analgesic Properties of 4-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-(2-Hydroxy-3-Phenoxypropyl) 4-Phenylpiperidine (B.D.H.200) and Some Related Compounds
Authors: Bianchi Camillo , David Alan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Twenty-one 3-aryloxy or 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxy-n-propyl derivatives of norpethidine were tested subcutaneously for analgesic activity in mice. Many of them are more potent than pethidine. The 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl derivative (B.D.H. 200) is at least three times more active than morphine and ten times more active than pethidine in this species with a therapeutic index slightly better than morphine and very much better than pethidine. The duration of analgesia is similar to morphine and pethidine and it is less constipating than pethidine. Its effects on respiration and the cardiovascular systems are counteracted by nalorphine. The decrease in activity after oral administration is probably due to a more rapid metabolic breakdown than poor absorption, as this decrease in activity can be modified by pretreatment with iproniazid and BAL while subcutaneous administration is unaffected.
The Use of S-Alkyl-N-Phenylthiuronium Picrates, Styphnates and Picrolonates for the Characterisation of Alkyl Halides
Authors: Thomas J , Baker W A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of S-alkyl-N-phenylthiuronium picrates, styphnates and picrolonates has been prepared and the melting points determined. By use of these derivatives it is possible to identify any of the lower primary and secondary alkyl halides examined. This has not previously been possible with S-alkylthiuronium salts. The reaction between tertiary alkyl halides and thiourea has been re-examined.
An Ultra-Violet Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Picrate, Styphnate and Picrolonate in S-Alkyl-N-Phenylthiuronium Salts
Authors: Thomas J , Baker W A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
By selecting suitable wavelengths to measure the extinction, it has been found possible to determine the percentage of picrate, styphnate and picrolonate in S-alkyl-N-phenylthiuronium salts in ethanol solution by an ultra-violet spectrophotometric method. The method is rapid and accurate to ± 1 per cent.