bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system dynamics approach for the development of a Regional Innovation System
Authors: Samara Elpida , Kilintzis Pavlos , Katsoras Efthymios , Martnidis George , Kosti Paraskevi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegions play an important role in the global economy by driving research and innovation policies through a major tool, the Regional Innovation System (RIS). The RIS is a social system that encompasses the systematic interaction of the various organizations that comprise it, to improve local knowledge and innovation. It consists of interconnections of various public and private sector institutions, whose activities and interactions create, introduce and diffuse innovations. This paper outlines the methodology employed in developing and validating a mathematical model of Regional Innovation Systems, utilizing the system dynamics approach. To provide a demonstration of the aforementioned concept, the proposed model will then be implemented in the RIS of two specific regions in Greece, namely Western and Central Macedonia. Within this context, various policies will be formulated to modify the indicators of Smart Technology, with the objective of assessing their influence on the overall regional development of the aforementioned regions. The model focuses on the functional structure of the RIS, separating it in six diverse, interacting subsystems consisting of different components, captured by a total of 38 different factors which can be quantitatively assessed.
The efficacy of articaine in pain management during endodontic procedures in pediatric patients
Authors: Che Yilei , Wang Minhua , Wu Xiaozhen , Wang Xueling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
This trial aimed to study the efficacy of articaine in pain management during endodontic procedures in pediatric patients.

Methods
Ninety-eight children who received endodontic painless treatment were collected and randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 49 cases in each group. The control group received infiltration anesthesia with lidocaine, and the observation group received infiltration anesthesia with articaine. Anesthesia effect, anesthesia onset time, sensory recovery time, duration of anesthesia, pain intensity, blood pressure, heart rate, and adverse reactions were compared.

Results
The effective rate of anesthesia in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. The anesthesia onset time and sensory recovery time were shorter, the duration of anesthesia was longer, and the VAS score and facial expression score were lower in the observation group than in the control group. The heart rate of the observation group was lower, and diastolic blood pressure was higher than those of the control group. The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.

Conclusion
In the treatment of dental pulp diseases in children, the use of articaine can achieve better anesthesia effect and rapid onset of anesthesia and has less impact on the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate, but it also can relieve pain and has good safety after the use of medication. It is worthy of clinical application.
Delivery-mediated exosomal therapeutics in ischemia–reperfusion injury: advances, mechanisms, and future directions
Authors: Ding Shengzhe , Kim Yu-Jin , Huang Kai-Yu , Um Daniel , Jung Youngmee , Kong Hyunjoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses significant challenges across various organ systems, including the heart, brain, and kidneys. Exosomes have shown great potentials and applications in mitigating IRI-induced cell and tissue damage through modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting tissue repair. Despite these advances, a more systematic understanding of exosomes from different sources and their biotransport is critical for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and accelerating the clinical adoption of exosomes for IRI therapies. Therefore, this review article overviews the administration routes of exosomes from different sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells and other somatic cells, in the context of IRI treatment. Furthermore, this article covers how the delivered exosomes modulate molecular pathways of recipient cells, aiding in the prevention of cell death and the promotions of regeneration in IRI models. In the end, this article discusses the ongoing research efforts and propose future research directions of exosome-based therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Combatting energy poverty in eastern Turkey: innovative debt solutions and the power-cut index
Authors: Emre Tamer , Sözen Adnan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy poverty (EP), a pressing global concern, is uniquely manifested in regions like eastern Turkey due to intertwined socio-economic conditions and intricate energy consumption patterns. This study critically examines the electricity market dynamics, highlighting the direct impact on end-users, from households to entire communities facing challenges such as unauthorized consumption and waste. Our findings over 2 years period of 6 million customer invoices through 17 cities of 5 distribution companies underscore the limitations of traditional income-based measures in capturing the nuances of EP. In response, we introduce a novel metric—the power-cut index per consumer (PCPC)—spotlighting the prevalence of power interruptions due to non-payment as an actionable intervention metric. To address EP’s challenges, we present a mechanism encouraging consumers to reduce consumption, offering debt discounts as incentives. Our methodological approach, harnessing both the Monte Carlo simulation and optimization, promises flexible, actionable strategies tailored to diverse EP situations. Drawing parallels with the European Union’s energy transition efforts, this study proposes the adaptation of European frameworks to cater to Turkey’s unique landscape. By anchoring our insights in real stories of those affected by EP, we highlight the human dimension, emphasizing the urgency of stakeholder collaboration to ensure a future where energy facilitates prosperity rather than hindrance. The collective endeavors of infrastructure companies, governmental agencies, NGOs, and the public are pivotal in sculpting a brighter, equitable energy future.
Small bowel obstruction in ruptured male pelvic dermoid with situs inversus totalis: a singular case presentation
Authors: Sreehari C. S. , Gupta Jyoti , Jamwal Rupi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Pelvic dermoid cysts are extremely rare in males, with an even rare occurrence of rupture. Only a handful of cases of male pelvic dermoid cysts have been published with no reported case of ruptured male pelvic dermoid causing small bowel obstruction to the best of our knowledge.

Case presentation
Herein we report a case of ruptured pelvic dermoid presenting with intestinal obstruction in an adult male patient with situs inversus totalis.

Conclusion
Pelvic dermoid cyst should be considered even in males the presence of classical radiological signs. Knowledge of usual and unusual imaging signs as well as the associated life-threatening complications of a ruptured dermoid cyst can help in prompt diagnosis and timely patient management.
The relationship between clinical presentation and the nature of care in adults with intellectual disability and epilepsy – national comparative cohort study
Authors: Badger Sarah , Watkins Lance V , Bassett Paul , Roy Ashok , Eyeoyibo Mogbeyiteren , Sawhney Indermeet , Purandare Kiran , Wood Laurie , Pugh Andrea , Hammett Joanne , Sheehan Rory , Tromans Samuel , Shankar Rohit 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA quarter of People with Intellectual Disabilities (PwID) have epilepsy compared with 1% of the general population. Epilepsy in PwID is a bellwether for premature mortality, multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This group depends on their care provider to give relevant information for management, especially epilepsy. There is no research on care status relationship and clinical characteristics of PwID and epilepsy.AimExplore and compare the clinical characteristics of PwID with epilepsy across different care settings.MethodA retrospective multicentre cohort study across England and Wales collected information on seizure characteristics, intellectual disability severity, neurodevelopmental/biological/psychiatric comorbidities, medication including psychotropics/anti-seizure medication, and care status. Clinical characteristics were compared across different care settings, and those aged over and younger than 40 years.ResultsOf 618 adult PwID across six centres (male:female = 61%:39%), 338 (55%) received professional care whereas 258 (42%) lived with family. Significant differences between the care groups existed in intellectual disability severity (P = 0.01), autism presence (P < 0.001), challenging behaviour (P < 0.001) and comorbid physical conditions (P = 0.008). The two groups did not vary in intellectual disability severity/genetic conditions/seizure type and frequency/psychiatric disorders. The professional care cohort experienced increased polypharmacy (P < 0.001) and antipsychotic/psychotropic use (P < 0.001/P = 0.008).The over-40s cohort had lower autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity (P < 0.001/P = 0.007), increased psychiatric comorbidity and challenging behaviour (P < 0.05), physical multimorbidity (P < 0.001), polypharmacy (P < 0.001) and antipsychotic use (P < 0.001) but reduced numbers of seizures (P = 0.007).ConclusionPwID and epilepsy over 40 years in professional care have more complex clinical characteristics, increased polypharmacy and antipsychotic prescribing but fewer seizures.
The 3-Dimensional Intelligent Structured Light Technique: A New Registration Method in Stereotactic Neurosurgery
Authors: Cai Du , Wang Xiu , Hu Wenhan , Mo Jiajie , Liu Huanguang , Li Xiaoyan , Zheng Xixi , Ding Xiaosheng , An Juan , Hua Yichun , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Kai , Zhang Chao 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Surface-based facial scanning registration emerged as an essential registration method in the robot-assisted neuronavigation surgery, providing a marker-free way to align a patient’s facial surface with the imaging data. The 3-dimensional (3D) structured light was developed as an advanced registration method based on surface-based facial scanning registration. We aspire to introduce the 3D structured light as a new registration method in the procedure of the robot-assisted neurosurgery and assess the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of this method by analyzing the relative operative results.

METHODS:
We analyzed the results of 47 patients who underwent Ommaya reservoir implantation (n = 17) and stereotactic biopsy (n = 30) assisted by 3D structured light at our hospital from January 2022 to May 2023. The accuracy and additional operative results were analyzed.

RESULTS:
For the Ommaya reservoir implantation, the target point error was 3.2 ± 2.2 mm and the entry point error was 3.3 ± 2.4 mm, while the operation duration was 35.8 ± 8.3 minutes. For the stereotactic biopsy, the target point error was 2.3 ± 1.3 mm and the entry point error was 2.7 ± 1.2 mm, while the operation duration was 24.5 ± 6.3 minutes.

CONCLUSION:
The 3D structured light technique reduces the patients’ discomfort and offers the advantage of a simpler procedure, which can improve the clinical efficiency with the sufficient accuracy and safety to meet the clinical requirements of the puncture and navigation.
Competition and Collaboration in Crowdsourcing Communities: What Happens When Peers Evaluate Each Other?
Authors: Riedl Christoph , Grad Tom , Lettl Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Crowdsourcing has evolved as an organizational approach to distributed problem solving and innovation. As contests are embedded in online communities and evaluation rights are assigned to the crowd, community members face a tension: They find themselves exposed to both competitive motives to win the contest prize and collaborative participation motives in the community. The competitive motive suggests they may evaluate rivals strategically according to their self-interest, the collaborative motive suggests they may evaluate their peers truthfully according to mutual interest. Using field data from Threadless on 38 million peer evaluations of more than 150,000 submissions across 75,000 individuals over 10 years and two natural experiments to rule out alternative explanations, we answer the question of how community members resolve this tension. We show that as their skill level increases, they become increasingly competitive and shift from using self-promotion to sabotaging their closest competitors. However, we also find signs of collaborative behavior when high-skilled members show leniency toward those community members who do not directly threaten their chance of winning. We explain how the individual-level use of strategic evaluations translates into important organizational-level outcomes by affecting the community structure through individuals’ long-term participation. Although low-skill targets of sabotage are less likely to participate in future contests, high-skill targets are more likely. This suggests a feedback loop between competitive evaluation behavior and future participation. These findings have important implications for the literature on crowdsourcing design, and the evolution and sustainability of crowdsourcing communities. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS-1514283] and the U.S. Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-17-1-2542]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15163 .
Measurement method of virtual image distance for a head-mounted display based on a variable-focus liquid lens
Authors: Huang Shuangjiang , Wang Lihui , Huang Yutao , He Yuan , Bai Shi 
Published: April 2024

The distance from the virtual image to the human eye is an important factor in measuring the comfort of a head-mounted display (HMD). However, accurately measuring their distance is challenging due to the dynamic changes in virtual presence and distance. In this paper, we proposed a virtual image distance measurement prototype based on a variable-focus liquid lens and derived a virtual image distance calculation model. We built a variable-focus liquid lens experimental platform to verify the method’s correctness. In addition, we proposed an improved optimization algorithm that can efficiently and accurately search for the optimal focal length corresponding to the maximum sharpness moment of the virtual image within the focal length value space. Verified in an experimental scene of 0.5 m to 3.5 m, we observed that the error between the object image distance and the virtual image distance at the same focal length is about 5 cm. The proposed virtual image distance measurement method can accurately measure the distance value of the virtual image in the HMD. This method can be widely used in virtual and augmented reality, especially in the task of constructing realistic scenes.
Hybrid mode for absorption enhancement in the Ga2O3 nanocavity photodetector with grating electrodes
Authors: Yang Jiayong , Fang Cizhe , Li Tongzhou , Wang Yibo , Li Xiaoxi , Zeng Xiangyu , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan 
Published: April 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) photodetectors have drawn increased interest for their widespread applications ranging from military to civil. Due to the inherent oxygen vacancy defects, they seriously suffer from trade-offs that make them incompetent for high-responsivity, quick-response detection. Herein, a Ga2O3 nanocavity photodetector assisted with grating electrodes is designed to break the constraint. The proposed structure supports both the plasmonic mode and the Fabry–Perot (F-P) mode. Numerical calculations show that the absorption of 99.8% is realized for ultra-thin Ga2O3 (30 nm), corresponding to a responsivity of 12.35 A/W. Benefiting from optical mechanisms, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaches 6040%, which is 466 times higher than that of bare Ga2O3 film. Furthermore, the proposed photodetector achieves a polarization-dependent dichroism ratio of 9.1, enabling polarization photodetection. The grating electrodes also effectively reduce the transit time of the photo-generated carriers. Our work provides a sophisticated platform for developing high-performance Ga2O3 photodetectors with the advantages of simplified fabrication processes and multidimensional detection.
Work participation, social roles, and empowerment of Q-fever fatigue syndrome patients ≥10 years after infection
Authors: Brus I. M. , Teng A. S. J. , Heemskerk S. C. M. , Polinder S. , Tieleman P. , Hartman E. , Dollekens B. , Haagsma J. A. , Spronk I. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To determine work participation, social roles, and empowerment of QFS patients ≥10-year after infection.

Methods
QFS patients ≥10-year after acute infection, who were of working age, participated in a cross-sectional survey study. Work participation, fulfilment of social roles, and empowerment outcomes were studied for the total population, as well as for subgroups based on employment type and current work status. Associations between empowerment, work and social roles were examined.

Results
291 participants were included. Of the 250 participants who had paid work before Q-fever, 80.4% stopped working or worked less hours due to QFS. For each social role, more than half of the participants (56.6–87.8%) spent less time on the role compared to before Q-fever. The median empowerment score was 41.0 (IQR: 37.0–44.0) out of 60. A higher empowerment score was significantly associated with lower odds of performing all social roles less due to QFS (OR = 0.871–0.933; p<0.001–0.026), except for parenting and informal care provision (p = 0.070–0.460). No associations were found between empowerment and current work status.

Conclusion
Work participation and fulfilment of social roles is generally low in QFS patients. Many of the participants stopped working or are working less hours due to QFS, and most spent less time on social roles compared to before Q-fever. Minor variation was seen in total empowerment scores of participants; however, these slight differences were associated with the fulfilment of social roles, but not work participation. This new insight should be further explored in future studies.
Pregnancy outcomes before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Asumadu Obed Duah Kwaku , Boah Michael , Chirawurah Dennis , Ndago Joyce Aputere , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Kanligi David Abatanie , Adokiya Martin Nyaaba 
Published: April 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic affected expectant mothers seeking maternal health services in most developing countries. Access and utilization of maternal health services including antenatal care (ANC) attendance and skilled delivery declined drastically resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed pregnancy outcomes before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.

Methods/Design
A retrospective cohort study design was employed. A random sampling technique was used to select 450 women who delivered before or during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. The respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire at their homes. In this study, the data collected were socio-demographics characteristics, ANC attendance, before or during pandemic delivery, place of delivery and birth outcomes. Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed under significant level of 0.05 to determine factors associated with the outcome variables.

Result
Of the 450 respondents, 51.8% were between 26 and 30 years of age. More than half (52.2%) of the respondents had no formal education and 93.3% were married. The majority (60.4%) of the respondents described their residence as urban setting. About 31.6% of the women delivered before the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced place of delivery. The proportion of women who attended at least one ANC visit (84.5% before vs 70.5% during), and delivered at a hospital (76.8% before vs 72.4% during) were higher before the pandemic. More women were likely to deliver at home during COVID-19 (OR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.52–3.74, p<0.001). Similarly, there was statistically significance difference between before and during COVID-19 delivery on at least one ANC attendance (OR: 2.72, 95%CI: 1.58–1.67, p<0.001). Women who delivered during COVID-19 were about twice more likely to develop complications (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.03–2.87, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
ANC attendance and health facility delivery decreased while pregnancy complications increased during COVID-19. During disease outbreaks, outreach engagement strategies should be devised to increase access and utilization of maternal health services for marginalized and underserved populations. The capacity of health workers should be strengthened through skills training to manage adverse birth outcomes.
Effectiveness of trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange compared with standard facemask oxygenation for pre- and apneic oxygenation during anesthesia induction: A meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zheng Delai , Yao Yi , Luo Chuan , Yang Yanhui , Chen Bogang , Li Nana , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To further identify the effectiveness of trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) for pre- and apneic oxygenation during the anesthesia induction by comparison to facemask ventilation (FMV) based on current available evidence.

Methods
Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched from inception to December 22, 2023 for available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were PaO2 and PaCO2 after intubation and safe apnoea time. Secondary outcomes included the O2 desaturation, end expiratory carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and complications. The effect measures for continuous and categorical outcomes were separately the mean difference (MD) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval.

Results
Twelve RCTs with 403 patients in the THRIVE group and 401 patients in th FMV group were included. Pooled results demonstrated that the PaO2 after intubation was significantly higher (MD = 82.90mmHg, 95% CI: 12.25~153.54mmHg, P = 0.02) and safe apnoea time (MD = 103.81s, 95% CI: 42.07~165.56s, P = 0.001) was longer in the THRIVE group. Besides, the incidence rate of O2 desaturation (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12–0.66, P = 0.004) and gastric insufflation (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.49, P<0.001) was significantly lower in the THRIVE group.

Conclusion
Based on current evidence, THRIVE manifested better effectiveness representing as improved oxygenation, prolonged safe apnoea time and decreased risk of complications compared to standard FMV in surgical patients. Therefore, THRIVE could be served as a novel and valuable oxygenation technology for patients during anesthesia induction.