bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential designs for ordinal phase I clinical trials
Authors: Liu Guohui , Rosenberger William F. , Haines Linda M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSequential designs for phase I clinical trials which incorporate maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) as data accrue are inherently problematic because of limited data for estimation early on. We address this problem for small phase I clinical trials with ordinal responses. In particular, we explore the problem of the nonexistence of the MLE of the logistic parameters under a proportional odds model with one predictor. We incorporate the probability of an undetermined MLE as a restriction, as well as ethical considerations, into a proposed sequential optimal approach, which consists of a start‐up design, a follow‐on design and a sequential dose‐finding design. Comparisons with nonparametric sequential designs are also performed based on simulation studies with parameters drawn from a real data set.
High‐dimensional data analysis: Selection of variables, data compression and graphics – Application to gene expression
Authors: Läuter Jürgen , Horn Friedemann , Rosołowski Maciej , Glimm Ekkehard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper presents effective and mathematically exact procedures for selection of variables which are applicable in cases with a very high dimension as, for example, in gene expression analysis. Choosing sets of variables is an important method to increase the power of the statistical conclusions and to facilitate the biological interpretation. For the construction of sets, each single variable is considered as the centre of potential sets of variables. Testing for significance is carried out by means of the Westfall‐Young principle based on resampling or by the parametric method of spherical tests. The particular requirements for statistical stability are taken into account; each kind of overfitting is avoided. Thus, high power is attained and the familywise type I error can be kept in spite of the large dimension. To obtain graphical representations by heat maps and curves, a specific data compression technique is applied. Gene expression data from B‐cell lymphoma patients serve for the demonstration of the procedures.
Adaptive patient enrichment designs in therapeutic trials
Authors: Wang Sue‐Jane , James Hung H. M. , O'Neill Robert T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe utility of clinical trial designs with adaptive patient enrichment is investigated in an adequate and well‐controlled trial setting. The overall treatment effect is the weighted average of the treatment effects in the mutually exclusive subsets of the originally intended entire study population. The adaptive enrichment approaches permit assessment of treatment effect that may be applicable to specific nested patient (sub)sets due to heterogeneous patient characteristics and/or differential response to treatment, e.g. a responsive patient subset versus a lack of beneficial patient subset, in all patient (sub)sets studied. The adaptive enrichment approaches considered include three adaptive design scenarios: (i) total sample size fixed and with futility stopping, (ii) sample size adaptation and futility stopping, and (iii) sample size adaptation without futility stopping. We show that regardless of whether the treatment effect eventually assessed is applicable to the originally studied patient population or only to the nested patient subsets; it is possible to devise an adaptive enrichment approach that statistically outperforms one‐size‐fits‐all fixed design approach and the fixed design with a pre‐specified multiple test procedure. We emphasize the need of additional studies to replicate the finding of a treatment effect in an enriched patient subset. The replication studies are likely to need fewer number of patients because of an identified treatment effect size that is larger than the diluted overall effect size. The adaptive designs, when applicable, are along the line of efficiency consideration in a drug development program.
Prediction of posthepatectomy hepatic functional reserve by serum hyaluronate
Authors: Yachida S , Wakabayashi H , Okano K , Suzuki Y 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Serum hyaluronate can be used as an index of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell function and hepatic fibrosis. This study was designed to clarify the clinical significance of the serum hyaluronate level as a parameter of functional reserve.

Methods
The study included 283 patients undergoing hepatectomy. Liver function parameters were examined before surgery and compared with outcomes. Patients were retrospectively grouped according to the presence or absence of postoperative hepatic dysfunction.

Results
Preoperative serum hyaluronate levels were significantly raised in parallel with the degree of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease. Regression analysis revealed serum hyaluronate level to be an independent predictor of portal hypertension. In 131 patients undergoing major hepatectomy, preoperative hyaluronate levels were significantly higher in patients with poor outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated serum hyaluronate and total bilirubin levels to be independent variables associated with postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Patients with high indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (over 15 per cent) showed significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates when their serum hyaluronate levels were over 180 ng/ml.

Conclusion
Serum hyaluronate is a simple clinical marker for portal venous pressure and a reliable auxiliary parameter of hepatic functional reserve in combination with other liver function tests.
Outcomes for case-matched laparoscopically assisted versus open restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: El-Gazzaz G S , Kiran R P , Remzi F H , Hull T L , Geisler D P 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare safety, early and late outcomes, quality of life and functional results of laparoscopically assisted versus open ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA).

Methods
Patients who had laparoscopically assisted IPAA between 1992 and 2007 were identified from a database and retrospectively matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and operation date to patients who had open IPAA at a ratio of 1 : 2. Intraoperative, postoperative and long-term functional outcomes were compared. Quality of life was determined by the Cleveland Global Quality of Life scale at 1 and 5 years.

Results
A total of 119 patients (59 men, 60 women; mean(s.d) age 35·5(14·2) years, BMI 24·7(5·0) kg/m2) had laparoscopically assisted IPAA, with conversion in nine patients (7·6 per cent); these were compared with 238 patients who had open IPAA. The 30-day and long-term results were similar, as well as quality of life at 1 and 5 years, except that patients in the laparoscopic group had shorter median time to stoma action (2 versus 3 days; P = 0·001) and marginally shorter hospital stay. Median operating times were longer in the laparoscopic group (272 versus 163 min; P = 0·040).

Conclusion
Laparoscopically assisted IPAA had similar outcomes to open IPAA, but with some short-term advantages.
Prognostic impact of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis in patients with regional node-positive biliary cancer
Authors: Yonemori A , Kondo S , Matsuno Y , Ito T , Tanaka E , Hirano S 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
The presence of para-aortic lymph node metastasis in biliary cancer has a negative impact on prognosis. The relevance of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis is unknown.

Methods
A total of 546 para-aortic lymph nodes from 49 patients with biliary cancer with positive regional nodes and negative para-aortic nodes were immunostained with epithelial marker CAM5·2 (specific for cytokeratins 7 and 8). Immunostained tumour foci were classified as micrometastases or isolated tumour cells (ITCs) according to their size (larger or smaller than 0·2 mm).

Results
CAM5·2-positive occult carcinoma cells in para-aortic lymph nodes were detected in nine (18 per cent) of 49 patients and in 18 (3·3 per cent) of 546 para-aortic nodes. There was no difference in postoperative survival between patients with and without CAM5·2-positive para-aortic nodes (P = 0·978), but survival for five patients with micrometastases was significantly worse than that for four patients with only ITCs (P = 0·047).

Conclusion
In patients with regional node-positive and para-aortic node-negative biliary cancer, and occult cancer cells in para-aortic lymph nodes, prognosis was significantly worse in those with micrometastases than in patients with only ITCs. An efficient method of intraoperative detection of para-aortic lymph node micrometastases larger than 0·2 mm is needed.
Prolonged survival after hepatic artery embolization in patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome
Authors: Swärd C , Johanson V , Nieveen van Dijkum E , Jansson S , Nilsson O , Wängberg B , Ahlman H , Kölby L 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Hepatic artery embolization (HAE) is a palliative treatment for patients with liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumours. HAE reduces hormonal symptoms, but its impact on survival has been questioned.

Methods
Biochemical responses and survival in consecutive patients with disseminated liver metastases from midgut carcinoid tumours were studied after HAE. Repeat HAE was performed in selected patients with radiological and biochemical signs of progression.

Results
Of 107 patients who had HAE, the median survival from the first procedure was 56 (range 1–204) months. Prolonged survival showed a strong correlation with reduction of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (P = 0·003) and plasma chromogranin A (P = 0·001) levels. The biochemical response to repeat HAE was similar to that for the first procedure (P = 0·002). The complication rate was low (7·5 per cent), as was the mortality rate (1·9 per cent) within 1 month of HAE.

Conclusion
HAE is safe, provides good control of hormonal symptoms, and prolongs survival in biochemically responsive patients. It is a valuable palliative option for patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome due to liver metastases and can be repeated in patients with a favourable response to the first procedure.
Simultaneous determination of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and (R)‐9‐[4‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine in human plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Weller Dennis R. , Balfour Henry H. , Vezina Heather E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAcyclovir, ganciclovir and (R)‐9‐[4‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine are active in vitro against the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) but their in vivo anti‐EBV activity is not well understood. We developed a novel, sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detection for measuring acyclovir, ganciclovir and (R)‐9‐[4‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine in human plasma to identify quantitative relationships between in vitro anti‐EBV activity and therapeutic response. Characteristics of the assay include a low plasma volume (200 µL), perchloric acid protein precipitation, use of penciclovir as the internal standard, run times less than 8 min and a 50 ng/mL lower limit of quantification. The within‐ and between‐assay variability is 0.7–4.8 and 1.0–7.9%, respectively. Accuracy for all three drugs ranges from 89.5 to 106.4% for four quality controls (50, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ng/mL). This assay supports pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of candidate anti‐EBV drugs in children and adults with EBV infections. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of chemical–polymer surface interactions in microfluidic cell culture devices
Authors: Xu Hui , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMicrofluidic cell culture devices have been used for drug development, chemical analysis, and environmental pollutant detection. Because of the decreased fluid volume and increased surface area to volume ratio, interactions between device surfaces and the fluid is a key element that affects the performance and detection accuracy of microfluidic devices, particularly if fluid is recirculated by a peristaltic pump. However, this issue has not been studied in detail in a microfluidic cell culture environment. In this study, chemical loss and contaminant leakage from various polymer surfaces in a microfluidic setup were characterized. The effects of hydrophilic coating with Poly (vinyl alcohol), Pluronic® F‐68, and multi‐layer ionic coating were measured. We observed significant surface adsorption of estradiol, doxorubicin, and verapamil with PharMed® BPT tubing, whereas PTFE/BPT and stainless steel/BPT hybrid tubing caused less chemical loss in proportion to the fraction of BPT tubing in the hybrid system. Contaminants leaching out of the BPT tubing were found to be estrogen receptor agonists as determined by estrogen‐induced green fluorescence expression in an estrogen responsive Ishikawa cell line and also caused interference with an estradiol enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Stainless steel/BPT hybrid tubing caused the least interference with ELISA. In summary, polymer surface and chemical interactions inside microfluidic systems should not be neglected and require careful investigations when results from a microfluidic system are compared with results from a macroscale cell culture setup. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Minerals as Molecules—Use of Aqueous Oxide and Hydroxide Clusters to Understand Geochemical Reactions
Authors: Casey William H. , Rustad James R. , Spiccia Leone 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLarge aqueous oxide ions as minerals! Minerals dissolve by repeated ligand exchange reactions and geochemists use polyoxometalate ions to establish structure–reactivity relations for environmentally important functional groups. Here, for example, are plotted the dissolution rates of two classes of minerals against rates of solvent exchanges around the corresponding aquo ions.magnified imageGeochemists and environmental chemists make predictions about the fate of chemicals in the shallow earth over enormously long times. Key to these predictions is an understanding of the hydrolytic and complexation reactions at oxide mineral surfaces that are difficult to probe spectroscopically. These minerals are usually oxides with repeated structural motifs, like silicate or aluminosilicate polymers, and they expose a relatively simple set of functional groups to solution. The geochemical community is at the forefront of efforts to describe the surface reactivities of these interfacial functional groups and some insights are being acquired by using small oligomeric oxide molecules as experimental models. These small nanometer‐size clusters are not minerals, but their solution structures and properties are better resolved than for minerals and calculations are relatively well constrained. The primary experimental data are simple rates of steady oxygen‐isotope exchanges into the structures as a function of solution composition that can be related to theoretical results. There are only a few classes of large oxide ions for which data have been acquired and here we review examples and illustrate the general approach, which also derives directly from the use of model clusters to understand for the active core of metalloenzymes in biochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Stability and Thermophysical Properties of Neodymium Cerium Composite Oxide.
Authors: Zhong Xinghua , Xu Zhenhua , Zhang Yanfei , Zhang Jiangfeng , Cao Xueqiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and High‐Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of SrAl2Si2.
Authors: Kauzlarich Susan M. , Condron Cathie L. , Wassei Jonathan K. , Ikeda Teruyuki , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupled Spin Ordering in the Ln2LiRuO6 Double Perovskites.
Authors: Makowski Sophia J. , Rodgers Jennifer A. , Henry Paul F. , Attfield J. Paul , Bos Jan‐Willem G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexagonal TmMn6Sn4Ge2 Investigation by Neutron Diffraction and 119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Perry Laura K. , Ryan D. H. , Venturini G. , Malaman B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis[2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)pyridinium] μ‐Decavanadato‐bis[pentaaquamanganate(II)] Tetrahydrate.
Authors: Klistincova Lenka , Rakovsky Erik , Schwendt Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure, High‐Temperature Single‐Crystal Growth, ab initio Electronic Structure Calculations, and Equation of State of ε‐Fe3N1+x.
Authors: Niewa Rainer , Rau Dieter , Wosylus Aron , Meier Katrin , Hanfland Michael , Wessel Michael , Dronskowski Richard , Dzivenko Dmytro A. , Riedel Ralf , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalyzed Reactions with Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Bauer Juergen T. , Hadfield Maximillian S. , Lee Ai‐Lan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Doping Effect of Fluorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents on the Performance of Common Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Application in the Preparation of Biologically Active Compounds.
Authors: Samojlowicz Cezary , Bieniek Michal , Zarecki Andrzej , Kadyrov Renat , Grela Karol 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategy for Targeting of Photosensitizers. Synthesis of Glycodendrimeric Phenylporphyrins, Incorporation into a Liposome Membrane and Interaction with a Specific Lectin.
Authors: Ballut Severine , Makky Ali , Loock Bernard , Michel Jean‐Philippe , Maillard Philippe , Rosilio Veronique 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Are Allenes with Zwitterionic Character Still Allenes? Of Course!
Authors: Lavallo Vincent , Dyker C. Adam , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Aliphatic Aldehydes by Chiral Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxides.
Authors: Hrdina Radim , Boyd Thomas , Valterova Irena , Hodacova Jana , Kotora Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Dispersed Ruthenium Hydroxide Supported on Titanium Oxide Effective for Liquid‐Phase Hydrogen‐Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Koike Takeshi , Kim Jung Won , Ogasawara Yoshiyuki , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Direct‐Type Substitution Reaction of α‐Alkyl Enolates: A Pd/Broensted Base Catalyzed Approach to the Decarboxylation Allylation of Sulfonylimidates.
Authors: Kan S. B. Jennifer , Matsubara Ryosuke , Berthiol Florian , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Functionalized α‐Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds via Combination of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Pd Catalysts.
Authors: He Jinmei , Tang Shibing , Tang Shouchu , Liu Jian , Sun Yongquan , Pan Xinfu , She Xuegong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of the anti and syn Isomers of Dibenzothieno[b,d]pyrrole.
Authors: Liu Yunqi , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(OAc)3‐Promoted Regioselective Free Radical Thiocyanation of Indoles and Anilines.
Authors: Pan Xiang‐Qiang , Lei Mao‐Yi , Zou Jian‐Ping , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.