bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cost-consequences analysis of an adherence focused pharmacist-led medication review service
Authors: Desborough James A , Sach Tracey , Bhattacharya Debi , Holland Richard C , Wright David J 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this project was to conduct an economic evaluation of the Norfolk Medicines Support Service (NMSS), a pharmacist-led medication review service for patients identified in primary care as non-adherent.

Methods
The cost-consequences analysis was based on a before and after evaluation of the NMSS. Participants completed a self-reported adherence and health-related quality of life questionnaire prior to the review, at 6 weeks and 6 months. Service provision, prescribing and secondary care costs were considered and the mean cost before and after the intervention was calculated.

Key findings
One-hundred and seventeen patients were included in the evaluation. The mean cost per patient of prescribing and hospital admissions in the 6 months prior to the intervention was £2190 and in the 6 months after intervention £1883. This equates to a mean cost saving of £307 per patient (parametric 95% confidence interval: £1269 to £655). The intervention reduced emergency hospital admissions and increased medication adherence but no significant change in health-related quality of life was observed.

Conclusion
The costs of providing this medication review service were offset by the reduction in emergency hospital admissions and savings in medication cost, assuming the findings of the evaluation were real and the regression to the mean phenomenon was not involved. This cost-consequences approach provides a transparent descriptive summary for decision-makers to use as the basis for resource allocation decisions.
Stress-Induced Loss of Heterozygosity in
Candida
: a Possible Missing Link in the Ability to Evolve
Authors: Rosenberg Susan M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Diploid organisms are buffered against the effects of mutations by carrying two sets of each gene, which allows compensation if one is mutated. But recombination between “mom” and “dad” chromosomes causes loss of heterozygosity (LOH), stretches of “mom-only” or “dad-only” DNA sequence, suddenly revealing effects of mutations accumulated in entire chromosome arms. LOH creates new phenotypes from old mutations, drives cancer development and evolution, and, in a new study by Forche et al., is shown to be induced by stress in
Candida albicans
[Forche A, et al,
mBio
2(4):e00129-11, 2011]. Stress-induced LOH could speed evolution of
Candida
specifically when it is poorly adapted to its environment. Moreover, the findings may provide a missing link between recombination-dependent mutagenesis in bacteria and yeast, suggesting that both might be stress induced, both maximizing genetic variation when populations could benefit most from diversity.
A Gastric Pathogen Moves Chemotaxis in a New Direction
Authors: Sweeney Emily Goers , Guillemin Karen 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

For almost 50 years,
Escherichia coli
has been the model for understanding how bacteria orient their movement in response to chemical cues, but recent studies of chemotaxis in other bacteria have revealed interesting variations from prevailing paradigms. Investigating the human pathogen
Helicobacter pylori
, Amieva and colleagues [mBio 2(4):e00098-11, 2011] discovered a new chemotaxis regulator, ChePep, which modulates swimming behavior through the canonical histidine-aspartate phosphorelay system. Functionally conserved among the epsilonproteobacteria, ChePep is essential for
H. pylori
to navigate deep into the stomach’s gastric glands and may be an attractive target for novel antibiotics.
Children's and young people's experience of the National Health Service in England: a review of national surveys 2001–2011
Authors: Hargreaves Dougal S , Viner Russell M 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesTo investigate what data are available on the National Health Service (NHS) experience of children and young people (0–24 years), and how their experience compares with that of older patients.Design and data selectionReview of 38 national surveys undertaken or planned between 2001 and 2011, identified by the Department of Health (2010). Detailed analysis performed on the most recent completed surveys covering primary, inpatient and emergency care, and children's services.ResultsPatients under 16 were included in 1/38 national surveys, comprising <0.6% of over 10 million respondents. The majority of young people aged 16–24 reported a positive experience of NHS care. However, satisfaction was lower than in older adults. 80.7% of 16–24 year olds reported good emergency department care, compared with 89.2% of older adults (Emergency Department Survey 2008, N=49 646, OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.55, p<0.001). In the Inpatient Survey 2009, 86.5% of 16–24 year olds reported good care, compared with 92.7% of older adults, (N=69 348, OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.57, p< 0.001). Satisfaction with primary care was reported by 83% of 18–24 year olds, compared with 90% of older adults (GP Patient Survey 2009–10 (N=2 169 718, OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.53, p<0.001). Young people also reported a poorer experience than older adults for their perceived involvement in care, having confidence and trust in their doctor and being treated with respect and dignity.ConclusionsDespite the current focus on services for young people and the importance of patients' views in improving services, the voice of under 16s is not included in most national surveys. Despite high levels of overall satisfaction, young adults report a poorer experience of care than older adults.
Evaluation of cerebral artery perforators and the pipeline embolization device using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lopes Demetrius Klee , Johnson Andrew Kelly 
Published: September 2011

IntroductionOptical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high resolution imaging of tissue; this technology has been validated using intra-arterial catheters in the evaluation of arterial anatomy, pathology and treatments. The perforating cerebral arteries and intracranial stents have not been previously visualized with an OCT catheter.MethodsUsing a standard transfemoral endovascular technique, a LightLab C7 Dragonfly catheter was inserted in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries of a fresh frozen cadaver. OCT images of the cerebral vessels and a deployed Pipeline Embolization Device were acquired using the LightLab C7-XR OCT Intravascular Imaging System.ResultsDistal cerebral artery access with the imaging catheter was feasible via the femoral artery using a distal access catheter instead of the standard monorail system used in coronary investigations. Imaging of perforators and stent struts had exceptional resolution.ConclusionThe first use of a commercial OCT catheter in the evaluation of intracranial vessels using transfemoral endovascular techniques is described. Challenges of intracranial OCT include blood clearance and vessel tortuosity. This technology may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in the future.
Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Fish Oil in Preclinical Models: Trials and Tribulations
Authors: Signori Carina , El-Bayoumy Karam , Russo Jose , Thompson Henry J. , Richie John P. , Hartman Terryl J. , Manni Andrea 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Despite the perception that omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) protect against breast cancer, epidemiologic studies have yielded inconsistent results. Although preclinical data have been, in general, more supportive of a protective effect of n-3 FA on breast cancer, inconsistencies still remain, which preclude definite conclusions or in-depth mechanistic investigations despite 30 years of research in this area. In this review, we discuss key variables that may account for inconsistencies of results across preclinical studies and provide recommendations for future experiments testing the chemopreventive effect of n-3 FAs in breast cancer, as part of a multiagent approach under rigorously controlled conditions. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6091–6. ©2011 AACR.
Keystone Symposia 40th Season: MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Cancer
Authors: Wasik Kaja A. , Rebbeck Clare A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This year's 40th season of Keystone symposia meetings was held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, on February 11–16 and sponsored by Astellas Pharma and Regulus Therapeutics. The meeting was organized by Gregory Hannon, Curtis Harris, and Martine Roussel and centered on microRNAs (miRNA), noncoding RNAs, and cancer. The meeting was grouped around the following topical areas: miRNA mechanisms, oncogenesis, immune response, angiogenesis and metastasis, cancer biomarkers, stem cells, and therapeutics. This report highlights findings and concepts presented during this meeting. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6102–5. ©2011 AACR.
BCL2 Predicts Survival in Germinal Center B-cell–like Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Treated with CHOP-like Therapy and Rituximab
Authors: Iqbal Javeed , Meyer Paul N. , Smith Lynette M. , Johnson Nathalie A. , Vose Julie M. , Greiner Timothy C. , Connors Joseph M. , Staudt Louis M. , Rimsza Lisa , Jaffe Elaine , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Delabie Jan , Campo Elias , Braziel Rita M. , Cook James R. , Tubbs Raymond R. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Armitage James O. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Chan Wing C. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: We have previously shown the prognostic significance of BCL2 expression in the activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) patients treated with cyclophosphamide-Adriamycin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like therapy. However, after the inclusion of rituximab (R) in the CHOP regimen, several conflicting observations about the prognostic value of BCL2 expression have been reported.
Experimental Design: We evaluated the R-CHOP cohort of 221 DLBCL cases with gene expression profiling data. BCL2 protein (n = 169), mRNA (n = 221) expression, and t(14;18) (n = 144) were correlated with clinical outcome. The CHOP cohort (n = 181) was used for comparative analysis.
Results: BCL2 protein expression has significant impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in DLBCL (OS, P = 0.009; EFS, P = 0.001) and GCB-DLBCL (OS, P = 0.03; EFS, P = 0.002) but not in ABC-DLBCL in the R-CHOP cohort. The survival differences for EFS in GCB-DLBCL were still observed in multivariate analysis. At the mRNA level, this correlation was observed in EFS in DLBCL (P = 0.006), but only a trend was observed in GCB-DLBCL (P = 0.09). The t(14;18) was detected in 34% of GCB-DLBCL but was not associated with significant differences in survival. Gene enrichment analysis identified significant enrichment of the DLBCL “stromal-1” signatures and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1-α) signature in BCL2(−)GCB-DLBCL, whereas TFH cell signatures were enriched in BCL2(+)GCB-DLBCL.
Conclusion: The prognostic significance of BCL2 has changed after inclusion of rituximab in the treatment protocol and is observed in the GCB-DLBCL rather than the ABC-DLBCL. Although rituximab has benefited patients in both DLBCL subgroups, the BCL2(+)GCB-DLBCL seems to receive less benefit from this treatment and may require other novel therapeutic intervention. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7785–95. ©2011 AACR.
Therapeutic Implications for the Induced Levels of Chk1 in Myc-Expressing Cancer Cells
Authors: Höglund Andreas , Nilsson Lisa M. , Muralidharan Somsundar Veppil , Hasvold Lisa A. , Merta Philip , Rudelius Martina , Nikolova Viktoriya , Keller Ulrich , Nilsson Jonas A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The transcription factor c-Myc (or “Myc”) is a master regulator of pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. MYC is deregulated in many human cancers, making its downstream target genes attractive candidates for drug development. We report the unexpected finding that B-cell lymphomas from mice and patients exhibit a striking correlation between high levels of Myc and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1).
Experimental Design: By in vitro cell biology studies as well as preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model, we evaluated the role of Chk1 in Myc-overexpressing cells.
Results: We show that Myc indirectly induces Chek1 transcript and protein expression, independently of DNA damage response proteins such as ATM and p53. Importantly, we show that inhibition of Chk1, by either RNA interference or a novel highly selective small molecule inhibitor, results in caspase-dependent apoptosis that affects Myc-overexpressing cells in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models of B-cell lymphoma.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that Chk1 inhibitors should be further evaluated as potential drugs against Myc-driven malignancies such as certain B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, neuroblastoma, and some breast and lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7067–79. ©2011 AACR.
GLIPR1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Expressed by Adenoviral Vector as Neoadjuvant Intraprostatic Injection for Localized Intermediate or High-Risk Prostate Cancer Preceding Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Sonpavde Guru , Thompson Timothy C. , Jain Rajul K. , Ayala Gustavo E. , Kurosaka Shinji , Edamura Kohei , Tabata Ken-ichi , Ren Chengzhen , Goltsov Alexei A. , Mims Martha P. , Hayes Teresa G. , Ittmann Michael M. , Wheeler Thomas M. , Gee Adrian , Miles Brian J. , Kadmon Dov 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background: GLIPR1 is upregulated by p53 in prostate cancer cells and has preclinical antitumor activity. A phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and activity of the neoadjuvant intraprostatic injection of GLIPR1 expressing adenovirus for intermediate or high-risk localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods: Eligible men had localized prostate cancer (T1-T2c) with Gleason score greater than or equal to 7 or prostate-specific antigen 10 ng/mL or more and were candidates for RP. Patients received the adenoviral vector expressing the GLIPR1 gene by a single injection into the prostate followed four weeks later by RP. Six viral particle (vp) dose levels were evaluated: 1010, 5 × 1010, 1011, 5 × 1011, 1012, and 5 × 1012 vp.
Results: Nineteen patients with a median age of 64 years were recruited. Nine men had T1c, 4 had T2a, and 3 had T2b and T2c clinical stage. Toxicities included urinary tract infection (n = 3), flu-like syndrome (n = 3), fever (n = 1), dysuria (n = 1), and photophobia (n = 1). Laboratory toxicities were grade 1 elevated AST/ALT (n = 1) and elevations of PTT (n = 3, with 1 proven to be lupus anticoagulant). No pathologic complete remission was seen. Morphologic cytotoxic activity, induction of apoptosis, and nuclear p27Kip1 upregulation were observed. Peripheral blood CD8+, CD4+, and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were increased, with upregulation of their HLA-DR expression and elevations of serum IL-12.
Conclusions: The intraprostatic administration of GLIPR1 tumor suppressor gene expressed by an adenoviral vector was safe in men, with localized intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer preceding RP. Preliminary evidence of biologic antitumor activity and systemic immune response was documented. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7174–82. ©2011 AACR.
Antiestrogen Therapy for Breast Cancer Modifies the Risk of Subsequent Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Huber Caroline , Bouchardy Christine , Schaffar Robin , Neyroud-Caspar Isabelle , Vlastos Georges , Le Gal Frédérique-Anne , Rapiti Elisabetta , Benhamou Simone 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Increased risk of secondary melanoma after breast cancer has been reported. Several lines of evidence suggest that elevated estrogen levels may be implicated in melanoma etiology. Accordingly, use of antiestrogens should be associated with decreased risk of melanoma. We compared melanoma incidence among a cohort of breast cancer patients with and without antiestrogen therapy, with data from the Geneva Cancer Registry. The cohort consisted of 7,360 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1980 and 2005. About 54% of these patients received antiestrogens. All women were followed until December 2008. We compared cutaneous melanoma incidence rates among patients with and without antiestrogens with those expected in the general population by age and period standardized incidence ratios (SIR). A total of 34 women developed a melanoma during the follow-up period. Compared with the general population, the risk of melanoma was higher for patients who did not receive antiestrogens (SIR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08–2.12, P = 0.02). On the contrary, the risk was close to 1 (SIR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.40–1.56, P = 0.57) for patients who received antiestrogen therapy. This study suggests that antiestrogen therapy modifies the risk of melanoma after breast cancer. Although our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that estrogens could play a role in melanoma occurrence, they need to be replicated in a larger study with data on potential confounders. Cancer Prev Res; 5(1); 82–88. ©2011 AACR.
CDDO-Methyl Ester Delays Breast Cancer Development in Brca1-Mutated Mice
Authors: Kim Eun-Hee , Deng Chuxia , Sporn Michael B. , Royce Darlene B. , Risingsong Renee , Williams Charlotte R. , Liby Karen T. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The breast cancer–associated gene 1 (BRCA1) is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in familial breast cancers. Mutations in BRCA1 also predispose to other types of cancers, pointing to a fundamental role of this pathway in tumor suppression and emphasizing the need for effective chemoprevention in these high-risk patients. Because the methyl ester of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me) is a potent chemopreventive agent, we tested its efficacy in a highly relevant mouse model of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, Brca1Co/Co; MMTV-Cre;p53+/− mice were fed powdered control diet or diet containing CDDO-Me (50 mg/kg diet). CDDO-Me significantly (P &lt; 0.05) delayed tumor development in the Brca1-mutated mice by an average of 5.2 weeks. We also observed that levels of ErbB2, p-ErbB2, and cyclin D1 increased in a time-dependent manner in the mammary glands in Brca1-deficient mice, and CDDO-Me inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation of ErbB2 in tumor tissues from these mice. In BRCA1-deficient cell lines, the triterpenoids directly interacted with ErbB2, decreased constitutive phosphorylation of ErbB2, inhibited proliferation, and induced G0–G1 arrest. These results suggest that CDDO-Me has the potential to prevent BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 5(1); 89–97. ©2011 AACR.
Interpreting news values in j-blogs: Case studies of journalist bloggers in post-1997 Hong Kong
Authors: Chu Donna 
Published: September 2011

This study aims to arrive at a contextualized understanding of the perspectives of a small group of Hong Kong journalist bloggers regarding a wide range of media issues. In addition to analyzing how they interpret news values in post-1997 Hong Kong, it also discusses how j-blogs can facilitate a new form of ‘interpretive community’. Together with in-depth interviews with eight journalist bloggers, this study analyzes 1044 blog posts written by them over a period of two years. Findings show how journalist bloggers narrated their personal and work lives, and identified recurring themes from these j-blogs. It argues that journalist bloggers have used blogs to make sense of their journalistic lives and professional ideology. Despite a lack of active interactions, j-blogs have cultivated a space for journalists to share narratives that are deemed to be important to their personal and professional lives. In this regard, journalist blogs are facilitating a new form of interpretive community. Within this community, journalists are able to deliberate core news values in the Hong Kong context.
Two controlled trials to increase participant retention in a randomized controlled trial of mobile phone-based smoking cessation support in the United Kingdom
Authors: Severi Ettore , Free Caroline , Knight Rosemary , Robertson Steven , Edwards Philip , Hoile Elizabeth 
Published: September 2011

Background Loss to follow-up of trial participants represents a threat to research validity. To date, interventions designed to increase participants’ awareness of benefits to society of completing follow-up, and the impact of a telephone call from a senior female clinician and researcher requesting follow-up have not been evaluated robustly. Purpose Trial 1 aimed to evaluate the effect on trial follow-up of written information regarding the benefits of participation to society. Trial 2 aimed to evaluate the effect on trial follow-up of a telephone call from a senior female clinician and researcher. Methods Two single-blind randomized controlled trials were nested within a larger trial, Txt2stop. In Trial 1, participants were allocated using minimization to receive a refrigerator magnet and a text message emphasizing the benefits to society of completing follow-up, or to a control group receiving a simple reminder regarding follow-up. In Trial 2, participants were randomly allocated to receive a telephone call from a senior female clinician and researcher, or to a control group receiving standard Txt2stop follow-up procedures. Results Trial 1: 33.5% (327 of 976) of the intervention group and 33.8% (329 of 974) of the control group returned the questionnaire within 26 weeks of randomization, risk ratio (RR) 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.12. In all, 83.3% (813 of 976) of the intervention group and 82.2% (801 of/974) of the control group sent back the questionnaire within 30 weeks of randomization, RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.97, 1.05. Trial 2: 31% (20 of 65) of the intervention group and 32% (20 of 62) of the control group completed trial follow-up, RR 0.93; 95%CI 0.44, 1.98. Conclusions In presence of other methods to increase follow-up neither experimental method (refrigerator magnet and text message emphasizing participation's benefits to society nor a telephone call from study's principal investigator) increased participant follow-up in the Txt2stop trial.
Bioavailability of inhaled fluticasone propionateviachambers/masks in young children
Authors: Blake K. , Mehta R. , Spencer T. , Kunka R.L. , Hendeles L. 
Published: September 2011

We determined lung bioavailability of a fluticasone propionate (FP) pressurised metred-dose inhaler (Flovent® HFA; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) administeredviaAeroChamber Plus® (Monaghan Medical, Plattsburgh, NY, USA) with Facemask and Babyhaler® (GlaxoSmithKline) valved holding chambers (VHCs) using a population pharmacokinetic approach.Children from 1 to <4 yrs of age with stable asthma but a clinical need for inhaled corticosteroid therapy were administered 88 μg FP hydrofluoroalkane (2×44 μg) twice daily delivered through the two devices in an open-label, randomised crossover manner for 8 days each. Patients were randomised to one of three sparse sampling schedules for blood collection throughout the 12-h dosing interval on the 8th day of each treatment for pharmacokinetic analysis. The area under the FP plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) was determined for each regimen.17 children completed the study. The population mean AUC following FP with AeroChamber Plus® with Facemask was 97.45 pg·h·mL−1(95% CI 85.49–113.32 pg·h·mL−1) and with Babyhaler® was 51.55 pg·h·mL−1(95% CI 34.45–64.46 pg·h·mL−1). The relative bioavailability (Babyhaler®/AeroChamber Plus®) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.30–0.75).Clinically significant differences in lung bioavailability were observed between the devices. VHCs are not interchangeable, as differences in drug delivery to the lung may occur. A population pharmacokinetic approach can be used to determine lung bioavailability of FP.