bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Hindoli Group Metasediments, SE Aravalli Craton, NW India: Implications for Palaeoweathering and Provenance
Authors: Saxena Asha , Pandit M. K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The southeastern fringe of the Precambrian Aravalli fold belt has been designated as Jahazpur Belt, which includes two greenschist facies metasedimentary lithopackages, Hindoli (Late Archean/Paleoproterozoic) and Jahazpur (Paleoproterozoic) Groups. We present geochemical data on metapelite (phyllite) and metagreywackes from the Hindoli Group. Metapelites are enriched in alumina while metagreywackes show a wide range and higher abundance of silica. Covariance between TiO2 – Al2O3, K2O – Al2O3 pairs and moderate to high SiO2/MgO ratios indicate a strong weathering control. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA = 68 for metagraywackes; 75 for metapelites) reveals moderately weathered protoliths for them. Fractionated LREE pattern with almost flat HREE trend and moderate to high Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.66 to 0.8) indicate feldspar bearing granite - granodiorite as probable compositions in the provenance. Very high PIA values (93) for metapelites reflect almost complete feldspar dissolution while the corresponding values for metagraywackes (68) are relatively lower. The diagnostic immobile trace elements (Sc, Zr, Th) can be interpreted as a variable felsic source (mainly granitic and subordinate granodioritic) for metagreywackes and a granodioritic (more mafic) one for metapelites. Considering the broad Precambrian geological set-up of NW India, the Banded Gneiss Complex (BGC), which predominantly comprises TTG gneisses and granites, amphibolite, etc. seems to be the most likely provenance for Hindoli sediments.
Childhood trauma and distress experiences associate with psychotic symptoms in patients attending primary and psychiatric outpatient care. Results of the RADEP study
Authors: Luutonen S. , Tikka M. , Karlsson H. , Salokangas R.K.R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGoalWe studied the prevalence of and association between psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma experiences in primary care patients compared with psychiatric care patients.Patients and methodsWe note 911 primary care and psychiatric care patients over 16 years of age filled in a questionnaire including a list of lifetime psychotic symptoms of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the childhood Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS). Prevalence of and correlations between psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma and stressful experiences were calculated. Association between the sum of CIDI symptoms and the TADS sum score was analysed by Anova.ResultsIn primary care, more than half of the patients had had at least one psychotic symptom during their lifetime, and nearly 70% of patients had experienced a childhood trauma at some time or more often. In psychiatric care patients, CIDI symptoms were more prevalent and TADS scores were higher than in primary care patients. In the whole sample, CIDI symptoms correlated with TADS scores. The association remained even when the effects of age, service, and patient's functioning were taken into account. There was a dose-response between TADS scores and CIDI symptoms.ConclusionChildhood trauma experiences associate with psychotic symptoms. In clinical work, it is important to acknowledge that psychotic symptoms and childhood trauma experiences are common not only in psychiatric care but also in primary care patients, and thus require adequate attention.
Sonographic Evaluation of Supraspinatus Cross‐sectional Area in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Malanga Gerard A. , Chu Samuel K. , Ramirez Del Toro Jose , Karnaugh Ronald D. , Dentico Richard , Komaroff Eugene 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo establish the normal thickness of the supraspinatus tendon in collegiate baseball players with the use of ultrasound and to determine whether there are any significant differences between the dominant and nondominant supraspinatus thickness.DesignA cross‐sectional observational study.SettingAn outpatient clinical setting.ParticipantsTwelve healthy, asymptomatic collegiate pitchers between the ages of 19 and 22 years.MethodsSonographic evaluation of 12 asymptomatic pitchers (9 right‐hand dominant and 3 left‐hand dominant) between the ages of 19 and 22 years was performed in a transverse plane (short axis) and longitudinal view (long axis) of their right and left shoulders. Maximum thickness was measured in both the long‐ and short‐axis views. On the long‐axis view, measurement was taken at the point where there was maximal height observed at the footprint insertion. Mixed‐model analysis of variance was used to test for differences in tendon thickness across factors. Post hoc contrasts were performed with a Tukey adjustment for the P values. The mean ± SD values, side‐to‐side difference, and difference between dominant and nondominant values were calculated and statistically analyzed for differences.ResultsAn ultrasound examination showed a significant 3‐way interaction (P = .038) for view by side of hand dominance. Post hoc contrasts revealed that supraspinatus tendon thickness for right‐handed pitchers in the long‐axis view on the right side showed a mean value of 8.0 ± 0.32 mm versus the long‐axis view on the left side of 6.5 ± 0.34 mm (P = .006) and the short‐axis view on the right of 7.4 ± 0.40 mm versus the short‐axis view on the left of 6.1 ± 0.26 mm (P = .036). Supraspinatus tendon thickness for left‐handed pitchers in the long‐axis view on the left side showed a mean value of 7.5 ± 0.59 mm versus the long‐axis view on the right side of 5.9 ± 0.56 mm (P = .137) and the short‐axis view on the left of 6.5 ± 0.45 mm versus the short‐axis view on the right of 6.5 ± 0.68 mm (P = .999).ConclusionsA database of normal values for supraspinatus tendon thickness in collegiate baseball pitchers has been developed. The results are consistent with expectations when the dominant side is compared with the nondominant side for right‐handed pitchers with increased tendon thickness noted on the dominant side. There was no side‐to‐side difference found in left‐hand dominant pitchers.
Genomic regions affecting fitness of the sweet corn mutantsugary1
Authors: DJEMEL A. , ROMAY M. C. , REVILLA P. , KHELIFI L. , ORDÁS A. , ORDÁS B. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYMutants often reduce fitness when incorporated into some genotypes, as is the case of the mutant genesugary1(su1) in maize (Zea maysL.). Understanding the genetic factors affecting variation in the fitness of a mutant is of major interest from a theoretical point of view and also from a breeder's perspective. The genetic regulation ofsu1behaviour was examined in two independent materials. First, populations of two recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were used, belonging to the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) design produced from crosses between the maize inbred B73 and two sweet corn lines (P39 and Il14h) that were genotyped with 1106 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These RILs had a group of lines with thesu1allele and another group with the wild allele. At each marker, the allele frequencies of both groups of RILs were compared. Second, an F2population derived from the cross between A619 (a field maize inbred line) and P39 (a sweet corn inbred line) was characterized with 295 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). In addition, the population was phenotyped for several traits related to viability. A large linkage block was detected aroundsu1in the RILs belonging to the NAM. Furthermore, significant genomic regions associated withsu1fitness were detected along the 10 maize chromosomes, although the detected effects were small. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with effects in multiple traits related tosu1fitness were detected in the F2population, for example at bin 5·04. Therefore, the present results suggest that thesu1fitness depends on many genes of small effect distributed along the genome, with pleiotropic effects on multiple traits.
Musical hallucination following whiplash injury: case report and literature review
Authors: Bhatt Y M , de Carpentier J P 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:A musical hallucination is defined as a form of auditory hallucination characterised by the perception of music in the absence of external acoustic stimuli. It is infrequently cited in the literature, although population studies suggest a greater prevalence. The aetiology of this unusual disorder remains unclear.Case report:A 70-year-old man with acquired hearing loss suffered a whiplash injury in a low-speed road traffic accident, and subsequently presented with bilateral ‘tinnitus.’ On closer questioning, he described hearing orchestral music. There was no evidence of psychosis, delirium or intoxication, and the patient was managed expectantly.Conclusion:This patient represents the first published case of musical hallucination precipitated by whiplash injury. We explore the possible pathophysiological underpinnings of musical hallucination and highlight the need for a greater awareness of this disorder. A management strategy is suggested.
Cervical sparganosis: case reports with focus on radiological findings
Authors: Kim H J , Lee B J , Lee J C , Yeo C K 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Cervical sparganosis is a rare condition that presents as a lateral neck mass. Its radiological findings have not previously been investigated. Thus, the important radiological findings of cervical sparganosis are presented herein.Methods:We report two patients with cervical sparganosis who presented with cervical masses, and we review the relevant head and neck literature. Computed tomography was performed three times over 13 months of follow up for one patient.Results:On follow-up radiological examination, a migratory lesion with a tubular appearance, seen on serial images, should be considered significant for cervical sparganosis.Conclusion:Radiologically, a migratory cervical mass in the head and neck area with a tubular appearance is suggestive of cervical sparganosis.
Welfare Regimes and Global Cities: A Missing Link in the Comparative Analysis of Welfare States?
Authors: HUDSON JOHN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ‘welfare modelling business’ has been at the heart of comparative social policy analysis but debate has largely proceeded on the basis that coherent national welfare states exist. This assumption was always problematic but globalisation processes have added a further dimension to this debate. In particular, geographers and sociologists have pointed to the increasing power of global cities that act as co-ordinating hubs for the global economy. Though residing in nation states, these cities have a special status flowing from their central role in the global economy. Little attempt has been made to explore the implications of these cities for welfare regimes and welfare regime analysis. This paper addresses this under explored issue and suggests there are strong overlaps between global city types and welfare types.
Streptococcus pneumoniaepurulent pericarditis in a neonate
Authors: Morris Lee , Groner Abraham , Geiger Miwa , Tosi Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurulent bacterial pericarditis is an uncommon infection that manifests during childhood, and in the post-antibiotic eraStreptococcus pneumoniaeis an unusual cause. We report a case of purulent bacterial pericarditis in a neonate caused byStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 7F. Although cases of bacterial pericarditis caused byStreptococcus pneumoniaeas a causative agent have been reported, their combination in a neonate is unique and this is, to our knowledge, the first case of this combination in the newborn period.
Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010
Authors: Beszczynska-Möller Agnieszka , Fahrbach Eberhard , Schauer Ursula , Hansen Edmond 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Beszczynska-Möller, A., Fahrbach, E., Schauer, U., and Hansen, E. 2012. Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 852–863. The variability in Atlantic water temperature and volume transport in the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), based on measurements by an array of moorings in Fram Strait (78°50′N) over the period 1997–2010, is addressed. The long-term mean net volume transport in the current of 6.6 ± 0.4 Sv (directed northwards) delivered 3.0 ± 0.2 Sv of Atlantic water (AW) warmer than 2°C. The mean temperature of the AW inflow was 3.1 ± 0.1°C. On interannual time-scales, a nearly constant volume flux in the WSC core (long-term mean 1.8 ± 0.1 Sv northwards, including 1.3 ± 0.1 Sv of AW warmer than 2°C, and showing no seasonal variability) was accompanied by a highly variable transport of 2–6 Sv in the offshore branch (long-term mean of 5 ± 0.4 Sv, strong seasonal variability, and 1–2 Sv of warm AW). Two warm anomalies were found in the AW passing through Fram Strait in 1999–2000 and 2005–2007. For the period 1997–2010, there was a positive linear trend in the AW mean temperature of 0.06°C year−1, but no statistically significant trend was observed in the AW volume transport. A possible impact of warming on AW propagation in the Arctic Ocean and properties of the outflow to the North Atlantic are also discussed.
Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on Ocimum basilicum: a new geographical record for Greece
Authors: Papadopoulou S. , Chryssohoides C. 
Published: April 2012

In Greece, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, 1923 (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was identified for the first time in June 2010 in the regions of Thessaloniki, Xanthi and Kavala (Northern Greece). This mealybug was found on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). The highest population densities were observed on basil stems rather than on the leaves. Phenacoccus madeirensis is a serious pest of horticultural crops and this is its first record on O. basilicum in Greece.
Antioxidant, toxicity, and iridoid tests of processed Cornelian cherry fruits
Authors: West Brett J. , Deng Shixin , Jensen C. Jarakae , Palu Afa K. , Berrio Lincoln F. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe antioxidant activity, potential toxicity, and iridoid content of processed Cornelian cherry products were assessed. Cornus officinalis L. juice and Cornus mas L. fruit puree possessed antioxidant activity in the 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Both products were non‐genotoxic in reverse mutation tests in Salmonella typhimurium. Both C. officinalis juice and C. mas puree were non‐toxic in acute oral toxicity tests, with respective LD50 values >5100 mg kg−1 body weight (b.w.) and >5200 mg kg−1 b.w. The major iridoid identified in C. mas puree was loganic acid, while the major iridoid in C. officinalis juice was found to be morroniside. The presence of iridoids in C. mas is reported for the first time.
Mega‐interest on Microcredit: Are Lenders Exploiting the Poor?
Authors: Sandberg Joakim 
Published: April 2012

abstractMicrocredit is often hailed as an effective way of alleviating poverty. In recent years, however, microfinance institutions have been the target of much criticism due to their comparatively high interest rates (which may be as high as 70–100% per annum). This paper discusses whether it can be morally justified to charge very high rates of interest when lending money to the poor. Arguments are drawn from contemporary as well as historical debates on usury, exploitation, egalitarianism and consequentialism. It is conceded that it would be preferable if interest rates could be reduced, but it is argued that typical microlenders today do nothing wrong in setting their rates at the current levels. Instead the responsibility rests on governments, commercial banks and overseas investors to facilitate an environment where rates could be reduced.
Age and gender differences in depression across adolescence: real or ‘bias’?
Authors: van Beek Yolanda , Hessen David J. , Hutteman Roos , Verhulp Esmée E. , van Leuven Mirande 
Published: April 2012

Background:  Since developmental psychologists are interested in explaining age and gender differences in depression across adolescence, it is important to investigate to what extent these observed differences can be attributed to measurement bias. Measurement bias may arise when the phenomenology of depression varies with age or gender, i.e., when younger versus older adolescents or girls versus boys differ in the way depression is experienced or expressed.Methods:  The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) was administered to a large school population (N = 4048) aged 8–17 years. A 4‐factor model was selected by means of factor analyses for ordered categorical measures. For each of the four factor scales measurement invariance with respect to gender and age (late childhood, early and middle adolescence) was tested using item response theory analyses. Subsequently, to examine which items contributed to measurement bias, all items were studied for differential item functioning (DIF). Finally, it was investigated how developmental patterns changed if measurement biases were accounted for.Results:  For each of the factors Self‐Deprecation, Dysphoria, School Problems, and Social Problems measurement bias with respect to both gender and age was found and many items showed DIF. Developmental patterns changed profoundly when measurement bias was taken into account. The CDI seemed to particularly overestimate depression in late childhood, and underestimate depression in middle adolescent boys.Conclusions:  For scientific as well as clinical use of the CDI, measurement bias with respect to gender and age should be accounted for.
Frost as a limiting factor for recruitment and establishment of early development stages in an alpine glacier foreland?
Authors: Marcante Silvia , Sierra‐Almeida Angela , Spindelböck Joachim P. , Erschbamer Brigitta , Neuner Gilbert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuestionsHow frost resistant are the early development stages (seeds, seedlings, plantlets and juveniles) of alpine plant species? Do summer frosts impair establishment of plant species typical of different successional stages on a central alpine glacier foreland?LocationRotmoos glacier foreland, Austrian Central Alps (Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria).MethodsSeeds of 12 species typical of different successional stages were collected in the glacier foreland and either sown directly in the field or in a growth chamber (25/10 °C, 16/8 h) and grown to the investigated development stages. Frost resistance of the early development and adult stages was determined by exposing them to a set of freezing temperatures and assessing viability with the tetrazolium test (LT
50, i.e. 50% of samples being lethally frost damaged).ResultsDry seeds had the highest frost resistance (LT
50: −19 °C), followed by wet seeds after imbibition (LT
50: −8 °C). With the onset of germination, frost resistance decreased rapidly. While germinated seeds tolerated a mean of −3.2 °C, seedlings and juveniles were less frost resistant (LT
50: −2.5 °C). Along the primary succession, seedlings of pioneer species were significantly less frost resistant than early‐ and late‐successional species. However, field grown seedlings, mainly of pioneer species, showed higher frost resistance (mean: −5 °C) than the growth chamber seedlings (mean: −3 °C), indicating that frost hardening (transition from a lower to a higher level of frost resistance) is already possible during these early stages of development.ConclusionsThe low frost resistance during and after germination may not suffice to survive summer frosts and may at least in certain years explain the high seedling mortality rates recognized in the glacier foreland.
Concentrations of alpha‐ and gamma‐tocopherols in human breast milk during the first months of lactation and in infant formulas
Authors: Martysiak‐Żurowska Dorota , Szlagatys‐Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka , Zagierski Maciej 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of alpha‐ and gamma‐tocopherols in human breast milk samples from different periods of lactation and to compare them with tocopherol content in commercially available formulas for infants at corresponding ages. The study included 93 breast milk samples obtained on the 2nd (colostrum, n = 17), 14th (n = 30), 30th (n = 27) and 90th day of lactation (n = 19), along with 90 samples of commercially available initial and follow‐on infant formulas. Concentrations of tocopherols were determined using normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Depending on the stage of lactation, human breast milk contained 2.07–9.99 mg L−1 of alpha‐tocopherol and 0.22–0.60 mg L−1 of gamma‐tocopherol. Breast milk concentrations of alpha‐tocopherol decreased with the time of lactation, while significant differences in gamma‐tocopherol concentration were observed only between the 14th and 30th day of lactation. There was no significant correlation between the dietary intake of vitamin E and its estimated breast milk concentration, also in women who declared vitamin supplementation. Compared with colostrum, infant formulas were characterised by significantly lower concentrations of alpha‐tocopherol and vitamin E. This finding indicates the need of additional vitamin E supplementation of bottle‐fed infants during the initial 2–3 days of life.
Role of head computed tomography in the evaluation of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit with new‐onset seizure
Authors: Bautovich Tanya , Numa Andrew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: The role of neuroimaging in children presenting with new‐onset seizure is poorly defined. This study evaluates the incidence of abnormal CT findings in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with new‐onset seizure and examines potential clinical variables associated with abnormal head CT findings.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 89 previously asymptomatic children admitted to Sydney Children's Hospital (Sydney, Australia) PICU between November 2005 and September 2009 with new‐onset seizure was undertaken. Demographic data, clinical details and head CT findings were abstracted from medical records. The clinical significance and the impact of CT findings on acute management decisions was analysed. Clinical variables associated with abnormal clinically significant CT results were examined.Results: A total of 71/89 patients underwent head CT. Of the children who underwent head CT (n= 71), clinically significant CT results were found in 19.7% of patients and head CT findings resulted in a change in acute management in 7% of patients. Children without fever were more than twice as likely to have a positive CT scan (P= 0.049); however, a substantial proportion (6/45) of febrile children also had abnormal scans. Focal seizures were not predictive of abnormal CT results. There was a significant relationship between abnormal CT and multiple seizures (P < 0.02), and age less than 24 months (P < 0.049).Conclusion: In this highly selected group head CT findings are frequently abnormal and might change acute management. Children admitted to the PICU with first presentation of seizure who have multiple seizures and/or are aged <2 years should have immediate CT or MRI scanning.