bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Comorbidty or Varied Episodes in the Same Disorder [P01-209]
Authors: Oral E. , Ozan E. , Deveci E. , Aydın N. , Kirpinar I. 
Published: March 2009

Previous studies have suggested that OCD has comorbidity with bipolar disorder (BD) (1,2). We evaluated the three bipolar OCD cases.C1: Because of the OCD symptoms Chlomipramine was started. Her OCD symptoms improved in several days but manic symptoms was apeeared, switched to Lithium Carbonate. In her out patient exams, manic and obsessive compulsive symptoms were almost never observed simultaneously at the course.C2: In 2003, her complaints started as combined OCD and Manic symptoms, Risperidon and Lithium carbonate were started, manic and OCD symptoms improved. In 2005, OCD and Depressive symptoms appeared together. She got improved with Lithium Carbonate and Chlomipramine. She had one episode with obsessive and manic symptoms or obsessive and depressive symptoms every year till now. Her uncle had Depression and her aunt had Bipolar disorder.C3: Because of his OCD symptoms we prescribed SSRI and lower dose antipsychotic. At that time he hospitalized for his manic symptoms, his OCD was partially remitted. His manic symptoms improved with Lithium carbonate1200p/d. He had resistant obsessive compulsive symptoms and episodic manic symptoms. His father had M. Depressive episodes.Conclusion:Our cases suggest that bipolar OCD has episodic course, treatment resistant symtomatology, high family loading and high frequency of recurrence.
Quetiapine: Mood Stabilization Across all Phases of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Paulsson B. , Olausson B. , Young A.H. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Following resolution of acute symptoms (manic and depressed), most patients with bipolar disorder experience affective recurrences and residual functional impairment. This indicates a need for a treatment that not only manages the acute phase of illness but also maintains the stabilized patient.Methods:Data are presented to support the effectiveness of quetiapine in: managing the acutely ill patient; maintaining the euthymic patient by preventing mood event recurrence; and improving patient-perceived functioning.Results:Quetiapine monotherapy demonstrates efficacy against mania symptoms as early as Day 4 (Trials 104 and 105 [pooled datasets]; P< 0.05 vs placebo) and Week 1 in bipolar depression (BOLDER and EMBOLDEN [pooled datasets]; P< 0.001 vs placebo). The acute antidepressive effect was significant for both bipolar I and II populations. As continuation therapy in bipolar depression, quetiapine is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of depressive mood event recurrence (EMBOLDEN I and II; P< 0.001 vs placebo). Moreover, quetiapine significantly reduces the risk of recurrence of mania or depression events as an adjunct to lithium or divalproex (Trials 126 and 127; P< 0.0001), and as monotherapy (Trial 144; P< 0.001). Quetiapine is generally well tolerated in all phases.Conclusions:Quetiapine fulfills mood stabilization criteria by demonstrating efficacy in all phases of bipolar disorder. To date, quetiapine is the only treatment to show robust efficacy against both poles of bipolar disorder, without causing an excess shift to the opposite pole, and to prevent mood episode recurrence irrespective of the index episode.Supported by funding from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Arroita A. , Barreiro A. , Ugarte K. , Losada N. , Rico P. , Touzon R. , Lopez M.D.M. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Fibromyalgia is an entity that affects approximately 2% of the population, mainly women.According to many studies, approximately half of women with fibromyalgia have a history of traumatic events during childhood or adulthood.Affective disorders before and after fibromyalgia diagnosis are particularly frequent.Materials and methods:Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on psychiatric comorbidity in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia published over the last three years.Results:40-60% of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia report sexual abuse during childhood or adulthood; A higher percentage of women (over 70%) report other kinds of physical or emotional trauma.Fibromyalgia has been linked to mood disorders in 50-70% of patients. More precisely, it appears in combination with major depression in 20% of cases. To a lesser but still noteworthy extent, women with fibromyalgia are also diagnosed with dysthymia, anxiety disorders, phobias or panic disorders.Conclusion:Despite the common characteristics of these patients there is no such thing as a “fibromyalgic personality”.As for comorbidity, mood disorders are highly prevalent, more specifically depression, even though no direct relationship has been established between them. Fibromyalgia symptoms are more acute in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs of Mild, Moderate, and Severe Depression in the Workforce in the United States
Authors: Birnbaum H. , Kessler R. , Joish V. , Kelley D. , Ben-Hamadi R. , Hsieh M. , Greenberg P. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Document the healthcare resource utilization and costs by severity for persons in the workforce with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:Using the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication data, workforce respondents (n=4,465) were categorized by clinical severity (not clinically depressed, mild, moderate, severe) using standard scales (CIDI/QIDS-SR). Outcomes measured over 12 months included prevalence of medical services/antidepressant use, average number of visits and days on antidepressants, prevalence of treatment adequacy, and medical/drug costs. Costs represent insurer payments to providers and were estimated by weighting utilization measures by unit costs obtained for similar services used by depressed patients in a U.S. employer claims database for the corresponding period (2000-2001). Outcomes were compared across depression severity groups using multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics.Results:Among the 539 depressed workforce respondents, 13.8% were mildly, 38.5% moderately and 47.7% severely depressed. A significant association existed between severity and prevalence of mental health services usage (19.1%, 27.2%, and 40.3% respectively, p< 0.01) and average number of mental health practitioner visits. The use of antidepressants increased with depression severity (21.1%, 27.3%, and 39.5% respectively, p< 0.01). Similarly, the adequacy of mental health services increased with depression severity (6.2%, 11.8%, and 21.3% respectively, p< 0.05). Average 12-month costs per MDD patient were substantially higher for severe vs. mild (mental health services: $697 vs. $388; general medical services: $138 vs. $53; anti-depressant usage $256 vs. $88).Conclusions:Among workforce respondents, there was a significant association between depression severity and treatment usage and costs, and between treatment adequacy and severity.
Self-Evaluation of Memory Functioning in Depressed Patients During a Symptomatic Episode and After Recovery
Authors: Biringer E. , Sundet K. , Lund A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Depressed patients tend to under-estimate their everyday memory function. Whether this under-estimation is related to the depressive state, or whether it represents underlying personality traits present also between or after depressive episodes, is not clear.Methods:Comparisons of subjective memory evaluation as measured by the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) were made between sub-groups with Current Depression (N=14), Previous Depression (N=19), and Healthy Controls (N=10). Analyses were adjusted for effects of sociodemographic variables, use of medication, and premorbid intellectual abilities (Similarities sub-test (WASI)). To assess the relationship between affective state and subjective memory function irrespective of actual memory performance, adjustment for objective memory performance as represented by the Total recall sub-task from CVLT and Long-delayed free recall from RCFT was included in a final step in the ANCOVA model.Results:The overall crude relationship between group and EMQ total score was significant (F(2,40)=4.11, p=0.011, eta sq.= .17). In posthoc follow-up tests, the Currently Depressed reported significantly lower on EMQ than both Previously Depressed and Controls (Dunnett's C test, p= .018 and p= .034, respectively). However, after adjustment for relevant confounders and mediators, both the Previously and Currently Depressed performed significantly worse on EMQ compared to Controls (overall ANCOVA F(2,33)=9.22, p= .001, eta sq.= .36; pairwise follow-ups p= .001 and p= .011, respectively).Conclusion:Depressed patients’ under-estimation of their memory function is independent of mood state and it may represent a vulnerability or personality structure involving negative cognitive patterns that may be successfully targeted by cognitive therapy.
Depressive Symptoms and Emotion in Adolescence: A Developmental-Functionalist View
Authors: Bréjard V. , Bonnet A. , Pedinielli J.-L. 
Published: March 2009

Adolescent depressive symptoms are recognized as having number of consequences on academic and social achievement (Glied & Pine, 2002). Many studies highlighted the specific implication of emotion regulation deficits to explain depression or affective disorders (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). Despite these findings, little studies focused on the relations between emotional deficits (such as low emotional awareness) and subjective emotional intensity in adolescent depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between emotion awareness as defined by Lane & Schwartz (1987), subjective emotional intensity, and depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that lack of emotional awareness associated to strong emotional intensity may explain depressive symptoms among adolescents.448 adolescents (age: 15.54 years 0.66) were administered the following self report questionnaires:•The Level of Emotional Awareness Scale (Lane & al. 1990).•The Differential Emotion Scale (Izard & al. 1991).•The Centre for Epidemiological Study Depression scale (Radloff, 1977).Statistical analysis shows significant negative correlations between emotional awareness and depression(r=-.23, p=.004), and positive correlations between subjective emotional intensity and depression r=.44, p< .0001). Moreover, multiple regressions revealed that level of emotional awareness (t= -4,75, β= -.20., p< .0001) and emotional intensity (t= 9,71, β=.41, p< .0001) were each related to depression in a significant model (R2=.25, F=48,01, p< .001). Lack of emotional awareness may lead to high level of subjective emotional intensity, and constitute a real vulnerability for affective disorders. This suggests that emotional awareness skills training could be an effective intervention for depressive symptoms at adolescence.
Impact of Paternal Depression in Father's Perceptions About Infant’s Characteristics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vilariça P. , Nascimento M.J. , da Silva P. Caldeira 
Published: March 2009

Background:Maternal postpartum depression is known to negatively affect parenting and the mother-child relationship. When compared with non-depressed mothers, depressed ones have more often negative perceptions about their child's characteristics. This cognitive distortion can be a mechanism that mediates mother-child relationship disorders. Postpartum depression in fathers and its effects on parenting are understudied and rarely recognised as relevant in clinical practice.Aims: Our purpose with this work is to examine the association between paternal depression and the father's perceptions about his infant, namely the infant's temperament and the difficulty in dealing with the usual daily problems posed by the new baby.Method:50 families were recruited in primary care consultations. Data were collected at time points ranging from 3 months to 24 months postpartum. Paternal and maternal depression were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The father's perceptions about the infant were measured using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire and the Daily Hassles Scale.Results and conclusion:The study is still ongoing.
Social Stress and Depression During Pregnancy in Women of a Low Income Country
Authors: Husain M. , Chaudhry I.B. , Saeed Q. , Khan S. , Hassan Q. , Husain N. 
Published: March 2009

There has been considerable research on postnatal depression (PND), in comparison to antenatal depression (AND). We aimed to study the Prevalence of AND, testing the following hypotheses:a.Depressed pregnant women will have more negative life events than non depressed women.b.Depressed women will have less social support than non-depressed women.Methods:Using a cross sectional study design 1366/1401 women in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy were screened for depression using the Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). These instruments are validated, available in Urdu and have been used in the pre and postnatal period in Pakistan. The life events checklist was used to measure social stress and the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ) for disability.Results:342 women scored ≥ 12 on the EPDS giving an estimated AND prevalence of 25.6 %. The EPDS and SRQ scores showed a high positive correlation. A significantly higher percentage of depressed women experienced problems in marital relations, work, finances, housing and domestic violence. Depressed women had higher disability scores. 32% of the depressed and 14% of non depressed were unable to perform usual daily activities. 35% of depressed women stayed in bed due to illness as compared to only 16 % of non-depressed.Conclusion:This study confirms a high prevalence of AND in less educated women, experiencing a large number of social difficulties.
Escitalopram in Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Zivkovic N. , Djokic G. , Pavicevic D. , Ilic V. 
Published: March 2009

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and severe affective disorder with sleep disturbances and non-bizarre delusions which are organized in permanent and unshakeable delusional system. Neurobiological basis of MDD is still completely unknown, but significant role has serotoninergic and noradrenergic neuronal systems. Escitalopram is highly potent and highly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor.Purpose of this study was to estimate efficacy of the escitalopram in treatment of sleep disturbances in MDD.Methods:This prospective clinical study included 95 patients diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria for MDD, who are randomly divided into control (30 patients) and experimental group (65 patients). Patients were observed for 6 months in hospital and outpatients conditions, according to specially designed protocol, which included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Leeds Sleeping Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). Control group was treated with maprotiline (75-150 mg/24h) and experimental group with escitalopram (10-20 mg/24h).Results:Escitalopram therapy influenced on HAMD score with high statistical significance vs. maprotiline, p=0.000. Escitalopram therapy improves LSEQ score after 6 months in comparison to maprotiline therapy with high statistical significance p=0.000. Percentage of adverse effects is significantly lower in escitalopram (10.76%) than in maprotiline (26.67%) group.Conclusion:Escitalopram has significantly better efficacy and lower adverse effects rate in treatment of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in MDD patients comparing to maprotiline.
Pooled Analysis of Adjunctive Extended Release Quetiapine Fumarate (Quetiapine XR) in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Authors: El-Khalili N. , Bauer M. , Datto C. , Earley W. , Åstrom M. , Eriksson H. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To evaluate quetiapine XR as adjunct to ongoing antidepressant therapy in patients with MDD showing inadequate response to antidepressant treatment.Methods:Data were analysed from two 6-week, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled studies (D1448C00006; D1448C00007), prospectively designed to be pooled. Outpatients received adjunctive quetiapine XR 150mg/day (n=309), 300mg/day (n=307), placebo (n=303). Primary endpoint: change at Week 6 in MADRS total score. Other assessments included: MADRS individual item scores, HAM-A total scores, MADRS response and remission; AE reporting.Results:Quetiapine XR 150mg/day and 300mg/day (p< 0.001) reduced MADRS total scores versus placebo at Week 6 (-14.5, -14.8, -12.0) and Week 1 (-7.8, -7.3, -5.1). Subgroup analyses showed the therapeutic effect of quetiapine XR was neither limited to nor driven by factors such as gender or antidepressant class (SSRI/SNRI). Quetiapine XR demonstrated consistent improvements in individual MADRS items: 150mg/day and 300mg/day significantly improved 4/10 and 7/10 items at Week 6 versus placebo. At Week 6, MADRS response (≥50% decrease in total score) was 53.7% (p=0.063), 58.3% (p< 0.01) versus 46.2%; MADRS remission (total score ≤8) was 35.6% (p< 0.01), 36.5% (p< 0.001) versus 24.1% for quetiapine XR 150mg/day and 300mg/day and placebo, respectively. Quetiapine XR 150mg/day and 300mg/day improved HAM-A total scores versus placebo at Week 1 (-4.8 [p< 0.001], -4.2 [p< 0.01], -3.0) and Week 6 (-8.9 [p< 0.01], -9.1 [p< 0.001], -7.3). AEs (≥10%) were dry mouth, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, fatigue, constipation and headache with quetiapine XR.Conclusion:In patients with MDD and an inadequate response to antidepressant therapy adjunctive quetiapine XR is effective and generally well tolerated.
The Influence of Clinical and Socio-Demographical Characteristics on Medical Co-Morbidity Occurrence in Unipolar Depressive Individuals
Authors: Enatescu V.R. 
Published: March 2009

Aims/Objectives:Our main purpose was to examine the clinical and socio-demographical influencing factors that play a significant role to medical co-morbidity occurrences in unipolar depressives.Methods:We performed two types of clinical studies, one longitudinal retrospective study on 248 unipolar depressives admitted in our Clinic during 2001 - 2005 and second represented by a cross-sectional study on 45 inpatients and outpatients that had meet diagnostic criteria of unipolar depression according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV.Results:Socio-demographical factors that concurring to medical co-morbidity in unipolar depressives were represented by advanced current age and low educational level. Interestingly, the total duration of unipolar depression was not significant correlated with medical co-morbidity. A positive familial history of depression was correlated with a significant higher risk for coronary hearth diseases (depressives - average=0.443, S.D. =0.652; bipolars+delusionals - average=0.252, S.D.=0.499; t=2,665, p=0.008). Cluster C personality traits have had higher risk of cardiovasculare diseases (p=0.024). Inversely, in cross-sectional research those who met diagnostic criteria for cluster A and/or B personality disorders have had significant higher risk to develop medical co-morbidity. The higher level of co-existing anxiety, both as a trait as well as a state, was correlated with medical co-morbidity of unipolar depression. Surprisingly, in both type of studies, the severity of depression was not significant correlated with the extension of medical co-morbidity. Unipolar depressives were more prone to use dysfunctional copings as psychoactive substance use.Conclusions:Both clinical and socio-demographical data profiles could give us some valuable informations in predicting medical co-morbidity in unipolar depressives.
Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of the Severity of Fatigue in Major Depression
Authors: Ferentinos P. , Kontaxakis V. , Havaki-Kontaxaki B. , Dikeos D. , Papadimitriou G. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Fatigue in patients with major depression is understudied, although highly prominent. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent correlation of various depressive symptoms with the severity of fatigue in major depression.Methods:Eighty-one patients (70 female/11 male, 40 inpatients/41 outpatients), aged 23-65 years (mean 48.6±10.6), with a DSM-IV main diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (М.Ι.Ν.Ι. 5.0.0.) and currently in a Major Depressive Episode [17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score ≥15], were studied. Patients with physical diseases or other fatigue-related conditions were excluded. The 14-item Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ) was used for the assessment of reported fatigue. Factor analysis of all HDRS items was performed. Pearson's correlations between the derived regression factor scores and the FQ score were calculated. Age, gender, and factor scores that significantly correlated with the FQ score entered a multiple regression analysis, with the FQ score as the dependent variable.Results:Factor analysis of HDRS items indicated a 6-factor structure (F1 ‘depressed mood’, F2 ‘middle/late insomnia and somatic anxiety’, F3 ‘anorexia/ weight loss’, F4 ‘general somatic symptoms’, F5 ‘anxiety/hypochondriasis’, F6 ‘early insomnia’). Only factors F1 (items 1,3,7,8), F2 (items 5,6,11) and F4 (items 13,14,17) were significantly correlated with the FQ score (p< 0.05). F1, F2 and F4 turned out to be significant predictors of FQ in the multiple regression, with standardised beta coefficients of 0.291, 0.290 and 0.278 (p< 0.05), respectively.Conclusions:Depressed mood, somatic anxiety, middle and late insomnia correlate independently with the severity of fatigue reported by patients with major depression.
Delineation of a Genetically Validated Affective Temperament Scale: Association of TEMPS-A Items with 5-HTTLPR
Authors: Gonda X. , Fountoulakis K.N. , Lazary J. , Laszik A. , Rihmer Z. , Akiskal H.S. , Bagdy G. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Affective temperaments as measured by the TEMPS-A are known to be associated with 5-HTTLPR, however, this association is valid in case of all scales within the depressive superfactor (depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, anxious). Less attention was paid to the association of items composing these affective temperament scales with the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of TEMPS-A items with the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR.Method:138 psychiatrically healthy women completed the TEMPS-A questionnaire and were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Scores of subjects on the temperament scales, subscales and items were compared in subjects carrying and not carrying the s allele (dominant model) using ANOVA. We selected items with significantly different mean scores between two groups and performed item analysis.Results:Subjects in the two groups had significantly different scores on the depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scales. Subjects carrying and not carrying the s allele had significantly different scores on 12 items, 9 of which were retained in a derived 5-HTTLPR phenotype scale after item analysis.Discussion:Our data provide further support for the association of affective temperaments with the s allele. Although the cyclothymic temperament shows the strongest association, all temperaments within the depressive superfactor have a similar share in this association. The newly derived 5-HTTLPR Phenotype Scale shows strong association with 5-HTTLPR genotype and phenotype, therefore this scale should be further investigated in relation to psychiatric disorders, pharmacological response, and suicide, as well as psychological traits and temperaments.