bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videogame preservation and massively multiplayer online role‐playing games: A review of the literature
Authors: Winget Megan A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVideogames are important cultural and economic artifacts. They also present challenges that anticipate the problems inherent in any complex digital interactive system. Not only are they digital and hence very difficult to preserve but they also are software systems that have significant hardware, peripheral, and network dependencies, which are difficult to collect and formally represent. This article reviews the literature related to videogame preservation. In addition to covering the traditional technology‐related issues inherent in all digital preservation endeavors, this review also attempts to describe the complexities and relationships between the traditional acts of technology preservation, representation, and collection development. Future work should include the identification of important user groups, an examination of games' context of use, and the development of representational models to describe interaction of players with the game and the interactions between players playing the game.
Self‐Assembly of Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
Authors: Quan Zewei , Valentin‐Bromberg Loriana , Loc Welley Siu , Fang Jiye 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis review focuses on recent developments in the self‐assembly of lead chalcogenide nanocrystals into two‐ and three‐dimensional superstructures. Self‐assembly is categorized by the shapes of building blocks, including nanospheres, nanocubes, nano‐octahedra, and nanostars. In the section on nanospheres, rapid assemblies of lead chalcogenide‐based multicomponent nanocrystals with additional components, such as semiconductors, noble metals, and magnetic nanocrystals, are further highlighted. In situ self‐assembly of lead chalcogenide nanocrystals into one‐dimensional nanostructures at elevated temperatures is also covered. Each section of this paper highlights examples extracted from recent publications. Finally, relatively novel properties and applications arising from lead chalcogenide superlattices as typical examples are also discussed.
From Electron‐Reservoir Complexes to Dendritic Molecular Nanobatteries
Authors: Astruc Didier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this review, which is mostly focused on the concepts and work developed in the author’s laboratory, the access and properties of electron‐reservoir (redox‐robust) transition‐metal complexes with sufficiently negative redox potentials and their branching to the tethers of dendrimers and other related nanodevices are highlighted, with the idea of designing dendritic molecular batteries.
Bifurcation search via feedback loop breaking in biochemical signaling pathways with time delay
Authors: Waldherr Steffen , Dylus David , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe develop a method to locate bifurcations in time delay systems with a potentially high‐dimensional parameter space. It is based on the feedback loop breaking approach that we developed and applied earlier for bifurcation search in ordinary differential equations. The method is particularly suited for the analysis of biological networks, for example to determine which parameters are relevant for complex dynamical behavior in such networks. To illustrate the benefits that this approach yields for biological network analysis, we apply it to study the effect of parameter variations on oscillations in a model of the MAP kinase cascade with a time delay.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Stability‐indicating micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of loratadine and desloratadine in dosage forms
Authors: Walash M. I. , Belal F. , El‐Enany N. , Eid M. , El‐Shaheny R. N. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of loratadine (LRT) and desloratadine (DSL) in their pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is based on investigation of the fluorescence spectral behaviour of LRT and DSL in a sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micellar system. In aqueous solution of acetate buffer of pH 4.5, the fluorescence intensities of both LRT and DSL were greatly enhanced (240%) in the presence of SDS. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 438 nm after excitation at 290 nm for both drugs. The fluorescence–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 0.05–2.0 µg/mL for both LRT and DSL, with lower detection limits of 5.13 × 10−3 and 6.35 × 10−3 µg/mL for LRT and DSL, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the two drugs in their commercial tablets, capsules and syrups, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the official or comparison methods. The proposed method is specific for the determination of LRT in the presence of other co‐formulated drugs, such as pseudoephedrine. The application of the proposed method was extended to stability studies of LRT and DSL after exposure to different forced degradation conditions, such as acidic, alkaline and oxidative conditions, according to ICH guidelines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐translational protein modification by carotenoid cleavage products
Authors: Kalariya Nilesh M. , Ramana Kota V. , Srivastava Satish K. , van Kuijk Frederik J.G.M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCarotenoids are known to generate various aldehydes, known as carotenoid‐derived aldehydes (CDAs), which could efficiently react with protein or DNA. In this in vitro model study, interaction between CDA and protein has been studied. Various proteins were incubated with CDA, and protein modification and adduct formation were confirmed by using matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization time‐of‐flight, amino acid analysis, and measuring enzyme activity on modification with CDA. Using radiolabeled NaB(3H)H4 and Raney nickel as well as sulfhydryl assay (Ellman's reagent), we confirmed that CDA could conjugate with cysteine through a thioether linkage. The carbonyl assay using 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine revealed the possible involvement of Schiff's base reaction between CDA and lysine. The adducts formed between β‐apo‐8‐carotenal (BA8C) and N‐acetylcysteine and BA8C and N‐acetyllysine were confirmed by HPLC and ESI‐MS. Our results suggest that CDA could alter protein function by post‐translational interaction with cysteine and lysine by thioether linkage and by schiff's based bonds, respectively. Thus, the formation of CDA adducts with proteins could alter functional properties of proteins responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis and thereby cause cellular toxicity. In view of these observations, further studies are required to understand the delicate balance between beneficial and/or harmful effects of carotenoids as a dietary supplement to slow age‐related macular degeneration progression.
Heizen mit Orchideen. Projekt “Prograss” nutzt artenreiche Wiesen zur Energieerzeugung
Authors: Sieg Birgit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractArtenreiche Wiesen gehören in Deutschland und Europa inzwischen zu den stark gefährdeten Lebensräumen. Ihre Erhaltung erfordert eine regelmäßige Mahd, die eine Verbuschung und damit den Rückgang der lichtliebenden Wiesenpflanzen verhindert. Die geerntete Biomasse war bislang jedoch aufgrund ihres geringen Energiegehalts weder für die moderne Landwirtschaft noch zur Energieerzeugung verwertbar. Durch ein neues Verfahren gewinnen Wissenschaftler der Universität Kassel nun aus dem Pflanzenmaterial artenreicher Wiesen einen Festbrennstoff, der zur Wärmegewinnung eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei vergärt der extrahierte Pflanzensaft zu Biogas, während die festen Pflanzenbestandteile zu Pellets gepresst werden. So wollen die Wissenschaftler zum Schutz von Natur und Klima beitragen sowie zusätzliches Einkommen für Landwirte generieren.
Rätselhafte Lebensgemeinschaft im Reich der Archaea. Die Feuerkugel und ihr Urzwerg
Authors: Huber Harald , Rachel Reinhard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNanoarchaeum equitans und Ignicoccus hospitalis sind anaerobe hyperthermophile Mikroorganismen. Sie repräsentieren eine einzigartige, rein archaeelle Lebensgemeinschaft, in der N. equitans zwingend auf seinen Wirt I. hospitalis angewiesen ist, da es alle seine Lipide und Aminosäuren von ihm bezieht. I. hospitalis lebt von der Reduktion elementaren Schwefels mit Wasserstoff. Er besitzt einen neuen CO2‐Fixierungsweg und eine für Archaeen einmalige Zellstruktur aus innerer und äußerer Membran, die zwei Zellkompartimente bilden, das Cytoplasma und einen großen Intermembranraum. Durch immunologische Analysen zeigten wir, dass bei I. hospitalis die ATP‐Synthase‐ und die H2:Schwefel‐Oxidoreduktase‐Komplexe in seiner äußeren Membran lokalisiert sind. Damit ist er der erste Prokaryot mit einer energetisierten äußeren Membran, ATP‐Synthese außerhalb des Cytoplasmas und der räumlichen Trennung von Energiekonservierung und Informationsübertragung oder Proteinbiosynthese. Daraus ergeben sich zahlreiche Fragen zur Funktion und Charakterisierung der beiden Membranen und Zellkompartimente sowie einem möglichen Energietransfer zu N. equitans.
Vegetarismus. Mehr als ein Ernährungsstil
Authors: Leitzmann Claus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat sich die gesellschaftliche Stellung der Vegetarier deutlich verbessert. Wissenschaftliche Studien konnten überzeugend nachweisen, dass eine ausgewogene lakto‐ovo‐vegetarische Ernährung eine optimale Versorgung mit allen Nährstoffen für alle sichern kann. Vegetarier praktizieren ihre Ernährung vorwiegend aus ethischen Gründen, gesundheitlichen Anliegen und ökologischen Motiven. Der Vegetarismus trägt zur globalen Ernährungssicherung und zum nachhaltigen Umgang mit natürlichen Ressourcen bei. Die Umstellung auf eine vegetarische Ernährung erfordert Überzeugung und verlangt Kenntnisse für die richtige Auswahl und Zubereitung der Kost. Vegetarier berichten über ihre hohe Lebensqualität – nicht nur, weil sie länger leben.
Wolfgang von Buddenbrock, Wegbereiter der vergleichenden Physiologie
Authors: Bückmann Detlef 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLange vor seinem Erfolg als Buchautor war von Buddenbrock als erfolgreicher Forscher bekannt. Als besonders guter Beobachter entdeckte er neue Lebensformen und trug insbesondere dazu bei, die Sinnesleistungen ganz unterschiedlicher Organismen besser zu verstehen. Trotz seiner Erfolge blieb er bescheiden und setzte sich sehr für seine Studenten ein – die dankten es ihm, indem sie ihn liebevoll als “Opa” bezeichneten.
Der fleischfressende Wasserschlauch saugt seine Beute ein
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSchon seit Darwins ersten Versuchen an fleischfressenden Pflanzen sind die Forscher von der einzigartigen Fangmethode des Wasserschlauchs fasziniert. Sein Beutefang zählt zu den schnellsten Bewegungen im Pflanzenreich. Bisher konnte der blitzartige Fangmechanismus aufgrund mangelnder bildgebender Verfahren nicht genauer analysiert werden. Forschern der Universitäten Grenoble und Freiburg ist es nun mit Hilfe einer neuartigen High‐Speed‐Kamera gelungen, das Geheimnis zu lüften.
Bluthirnschranke: Bis hierher und nicht weiter
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDas Gehirn des Menschen entspricht zwar nur etwa 2% seines Körpergewichtes, benötigt aber 20% der Energie. Es muss durch das Blut mit entsprechend viel Sauerstoff und Nährstoffen versorgt werden, aber vor Krankheitserregern, Giftstoffen sowie Hormonen geschützt werden und Stoffwechselendprodukte abgeben können. Zu diesem Zweck trennen spezialisierte Zellen die Milieubedingungen des Gehirns von denen des Blutes und kontrollieren den selektiven Stoffaustausch. Diese Bluthirnschranke ist entscheidend für die neuronalen Funktionen und verhindert Schädigungen des Zentralnervensystems. Welche Zellen dafür verantwortlich sind und wann sie in der Embryogenese gebildet werden, konnte jetzt an Versuchen mit Mäusen und Ratten näher eingegrenzt werden.
Ein Zufallsfund schließt Lücken in der Florengeschichte
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEs war der buchstäbliche Schatz auf dem Dachboden: Zufällig entdeckt wurde ein vollständiges “Herbarium vivum” mit circa 1500 Pflanzen aus 727 Arten, darunter auch einige in Leder gebundene Folianten, einschließlich eines ausführlichen Manuskripts aus der Zeit um 1830. Heute befassen sich Wissenschaftler mit der Pflanzensammlung – und entdecken darin viel Spannendes über die Vegetationsgeschichte von Nordwestdeutschland.
Hundert Jahre Wissenschaftsbegriff “Ethologie”: eine kritische Bilanz
Authors: Schurig Volker 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDas hundertjährige Bestehen des Begriffs “Ethologie” in der Biologie liefert ein Beispiel für die unentbehrliche Funktion hochrangiger biologischer Wissenschaftsbegriffe und die fatalen Folgen bei ihrem Ausfall für den Status des damit bezeichneten Wissenschaftssystems.
Explicit and implicit animation with fuzzy constraints of a versatile multi‐body system for virtual hand surgery
Authors: Gourret Jean‐Paul , Hariri Amir , Liverneaux Philippe 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis work is designed to control the movement of hand structural agents under external action, using the implicit animation driven by explicit animation technique (AI‐CAE technique). Starting from the configuration of a hand at rest obtained by a 3D scanner and after meshing of the structural agents, we seek the configuration of the rigid agents under orthopaedic surgeon external action and interacting reliance of deformable and rigid agents. We have developed a model and software tools to answer this interactive application with adaptive execution. The first contribution comes from notations and definition of a versatile multi‐body system dedicated to the explicit and implicit animation. The second contribution comes from the implicit animation driven by explicit animation itself, and from its ability to mimic the role of cartilages and ligaments. The resulting technique is applied to the bone structure consistency of a specific human hand in the context of virtual hand orthopaedic surgery. The versatile specific multi‐body is made up of hierarchical interacting agents conceivable as a construction set of rigid bones with cartilages–ligaments and underlying links. The explicit animation produces a desired configuration from geometric command parameters of torsion, flexion, pivot and axis shifting, given in a scenario subdivided into temporal sequences. The implicit animation controls the movement by implementing a physics‐based model and fuzzy constraints of position and orientation. It gives better configuration than the explicit animation because it takes into account the interactions between agents, and it gives a neat solution without the problems of complexity due to geometric modelling. A methodology based on the AI‐CAE technique is discussed, medical expertise and validation tests are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical craniofacial surgery simulator based on GPU accelerated lattice shape matching
Authors: Liao Sheng‐Hui , Liang Yixiong , Li Ling‐Zhi , Zou Bei‐Ji , Zhu Xing‐Hao , Ai Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an intuitive and practical craniofacial surgery simulation system, which is suitable for daily clinical practice. The key component of the system is a GPU accelerated lattice shape matching method, to estimate individual patient post‐operative appearance interactively. The lattice model can be set up from individual CT data in an easy and robust way, incorporating CT mapping physical inhomogeneous material as well as orthotropic behavior of soft tissue. Instead of simulating dynamic behavior, an iterative optimization is used for direct computation of soft tissue deformation. In addition, a GPU acceleration framework for the lattice shape matching method is further exploited based on the lattice regularity, thus the simulation operations can be performed at interactive or real time. Finally, a craniofacial surgery simulation system is developed for daily clinical practice, which is capable of simulating a variety of surgeries including osteotomies, bone fragment repositioning, and insertion of implants. The treatment of more than 50 patients was found to provide a good correlation between simulation and post‐operative outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient camera path planning algorithm for human motion overview
Authors: Yeh I‐Cheng , Lin Chao‐Hung , Chien Hung‐Jen , Lee Tong‐Yee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCamera path planning for character motions is a fundamental and important research topic, benefiting many animation applications. Existing optimal‐based approaches are generally computationally expensive and infeasible for interactive applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that can take many constraints of finding the camera path into account and can potentially enable interactive camera control. Instead of solving a highly complicated camera optimization problem in a spatiotemporal four‐dimensional space, we heuristically determine the camera path based on an efficient greedy‐based tree traversal approach. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can efficiently generate a smooth, informative, and aesthetic camera path that can reveal the significant features of character motions. Moreover, the conducted user study also shows that the generated camera paths are comparable to those of a state‐of‐the‐art approach and those made by professional animators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐layer structural wound synthesis on 3D face
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yeon , Lee Sangyong , Chin Seongah 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we propose multi‐layer structural wound synthesis on a 3D face. The fundamental knowledge of the facial skin is derived from the structure of tissue, being composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutis. The approach first defines the facial tissue depth map to measure details at various locations on the face. Each layer of skin in a wound image has been determined by hue‐based segmentation. In addition, we have employed disparity parameters to realise 3D depth in order to make a wound model volumetric. Finally, we validate our methods using 3D wound simulation experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Footstep navigation for dynamic crowds
Authors: Singh Shawn , Kapadia Mubbasir , Reinman Glenn , Faloutsos Petros 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe majority of steering algorithms output only a force or velocity vector to an animation system, without modeling the constraints and capabilities of human‐like movement. This simplistic approach lacks control over how a character should navigate. This paper proposes a steering method that uses footsteps to navigate characters in dynamic crowds. Instead of an oriented particle with a single collision radius, we model a character's center of mass and footsteps using a 2D approximation of an inverted spherical pendulum model of bipedal locomotion. We use this model to generate a timed sequence of footsteps that existing animation techniques can follow exactly. Our approach not only constrains characters to navigate with realistic steps but also enables characters to intelligently control subtle navigation behaviors that are possible with exact footsteps, such as side‐stepping. Our approach can navigate crowds of hundreds of individual characters with collision‐free, natural steering decisions in real‐time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for locally retargeting and rendering facial performance
Authors: Liu Ko‐Yun , Ma Wan‐Chun , Chang Chun‐Fa , Wang Chuan‐Chang , Debevec Paul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a facial motion retargeting method that enables the control of a blendshape rig according to marker‐based motion capture data. The main purpose of the proposed technique is to allow a blendshape rig to create facial expressions, which conforms best to the current motion capture input, regardless the underlying blendshape poses. In other words, even though all of the blendshape poses may comprise symmetrical facial expressions only, our method is still able to create asymmetrical expressions without physically splitting any of them into more local blendshape poses. An automatic segmentation technique based on the analysis of facial motion is introduced to create facial regions for local retargeting. We also show that it is possible to blend normal maps for rendering in the same framework. Rendering with the blended normal map significantly improves surface appearance and details. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic reconstruction of personalized avatars from 3D face scans
Authors: Zollhöfer Michael , Martinek Michael , Greiner Günther , Stamminger Marc , Süßmuth Jochen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a simple algorithm for computing a high‐quality personalized avatar from a single color image and the corresponding depth map which have been captured by Microsoft's Kinect sensor. Due to the low market price of our hardware setup, 3D face scanning becomes feasible for home use. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of robust non‐rigid registration and fitting of a morphable face model. We obtain a high‐quality reconstruction of the facial geometry and texture along with one‐to‐one correspondences with our generic face model. This representation allows for a wide range of further applications such as facial animation or manipulation. Our algorithm has proven to be very robust. Since it does not require any user interaction, even non‐expert users can easily create their own personalized avatars. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoscopic image generation of background terrain scenes
Authors: Hwang Huicheol , Kim Kyehyun , Ribera Roger Blanco i , Noh Junyong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reconstruction of 3D terrain geometry from images is essential for compositing CG objects into a live‐action background or for 2D to 3D conversion of terrain scenes. We present a novel mesh refinement algorithm for the creation of stereoscopic images of terrain scenes. Previous approaches emphasise the smoothness of the resulting terrain mesh over accuracy 1. Point cloud‐based methods cannot effectively recover the entire surface, leading to visual discrepancies after monocular sequences are converted into 3D stereo. As misalignment or inaccurate 3D terrain data over corresponding 2D background images can result in visual fatigue when stereo sequences are generated, ensuring accuracy of the reconstructed geometry is very important. To achieve the necessary accuracy, our method evaluates mesh errors utilising a texture projection onto the geometry and refines the mesh using Laplacian‐based editing. Our algorithm automatically generates stereoscopic images of terrain scenes. In addition, our method simplifies identification and compositing of foreground objects on the terrain geometry. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A virtual endoscopy system for virtual medicine
Authors: Peng Yanjun , Jia Ruisheng , Wang Yuanhong , Zhang Mingmin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVirtual endoscopy is a technique to explore hollow organs and anatomical cavities using 3D medical imaging and computer graphics. In this paper, boundary model and local feature structure are used to realize tissue segmentation, and a new efficient algorithm is presented to solve path planning. As to real‐time processing, a frame in virtual endoscopy is divided into near viewpoint part and far viewpoint part based on volume data characteristics in our method. In the aspect of scene rendering, a ray casting algorithm based on the boundary voxel is proposed. Thus the voyage images can be rendered in real time with high quality in virtual endoscopy system by using these techniques. The experiments show that application results of our algorithm in tissue segmentation, path planning, scene rendering are better than other algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.