bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P4501A2 phenotype and bladder cancer risk: The Shanghai bladder cancer study
Authors: Tao Li , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Chan Kenneth K. , Wang Renwei , Gao Yu‐Tang , Yu Mimi C. , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is hypothesized to catalyze the activation of arylamines, known human bladder carcinogens present in cigarette smoke. The relationship between CYP1A2 phenotype and bladder cancer risk was examined in a case‐control study involving 519 patients and 514 controls in Shanghai, China. Both CYP1A2 and N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) phenotypic status were determined by a caffeine‐based urinary assay. Our study showed that among smokers at urine collection, patients with bladder cancer had statistically significantly higher CYP1A2 phenotype scores compared to control subjects (p = 0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of bladder cancer for the second, third and fourth quartiles of the CYP1A2 score were 1.31 (0.53–3.28), 2.04 (0.90–4.60) and 2.82 (1.32–6.05), respectively, relative to the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.003). NAT2 slow acetylation phenotype was associated with a statistically significant 40% increased risk of bladder cancer, and the relationship was independent of subjects' smoking status. Subjects possessing the NAT2 slow acetylation phenotype and the highest tertile of CYP1A2 scores showed the highest risk for bladder cancer. Their odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) was 2.13 (1.24–3.68) relative to their counterparts possessing the NAT2 rapid acetylation phenotype and the lowest tertile of CYP1A2 scores. The findings of our study demonstrate that CYP1A2 phenotype may be an important contributing factor in the development of smoking‐related bladder cancer in humans.
Novel Supramolecular Hosts Based on Linear and Cyclic Oligomers of Glycoluril
Authors: Stancl Marek , Svec Jan , Sindelar Vladimir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report here on supramolecular objects containing glycoluril units and functioning as host molecules. The present paper contains a detailed discussion on the synthetic approaches leading to methylene bridged glycoluril oligomers, as well as a description of their supramolecular properties. We also discuss the recently obtained macrocycle, bambus[6]uril, and its affinity towards anions.
Protective effects of gallic acid on hepatic lipid peroxide metabolism, glycoprotein components and lipids in streptozotocin‐induced type II diabetic wistar rats
Authors: Punithavathi V. R. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. , Kumar M. R. , Selvakumari C. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the protective effects of gallic acid (3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid) on hepatic lipid peroxidation products, antioxidants, glycoprotein components, and lipids in streptozotocin‐induced type II diabetic rats. To induce type II diabetes, rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 40 mg/kg. Gallic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment was given to diabetic rats orally using an intragastric tube daily for 21 days. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, hepatic lipid peroxidation products, glycoprotein components, lipids, and the activity of HMG‐CoA reductase and a significant decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and liver glycogen. In addition to this, the activities/levels of hepatic antioxidants were decreased in diabetic rats. Gallic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment showed significant protective effects on all the biochemical parameters studied in diabetic rats. Thus, our study shows the antihyperglycemic, antilipid peroxidative, antioxidant, and antilipidemic effects of gallic acid in streptozotocin‐induced type II diabetic rats. A diet containing gallic acid may be beneficial to type II diabetic patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:68–76 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20360
Differential carbohydrate binding and cell surface glycosylation of human cancer cell lines
Authors: Arndt Nadia X. , Tiralongo Joe , Madge Paul D. , von Itzstein Mark , Day Christopher J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCurrently there is only a modest level knowledge of the glycosylation status of immortalised cell lines that are commonly used in cancer biology as well as their binding affinities to different glycan structures. Through use of glycan and lectin microarray technology, this study has endeavoured to define the different bindings of cell surface carbohydrate structures to glycan‐binding lectins. The screening of breast cancer MDA‐MB435 cells, cervical cancer HeLa cells and colon cancer Caco‐2, HCT116 and HCT116–FM6 cells was conducted to determine their differential bindings to a variety of glycan and lectin structures printed on the array slides. An inverse relationship between the number of glycan structures recognised and the variety of cell surface glycosylation was observed. Of the cell lines tested, it was found that four bound to sialylated structures in initial screening. Secondary screening in the presence of a neuraminidase inhibitor (4‐deoxy‐4‐guanidino‐Neu5Ac2en) significantly reduced sialic acid binding. The array technology has proven to be useful in determining the glycosylation signatures of various cell‐lines as well as their glycan binding preferences. The findings of this study provide the groundwork for further investigation into the numerous glycan–lectin interactions that are exhibited by immortalised cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2230–2240, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple, diversity oriented synthesis of highly substituted pyridines
Authors: Kaczanowska Katarzyna , Eickhoff Holger , Albert Klaus , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Schaffner Arnaud‐Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA particularly straightforward and efficient protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted pyridines, based on a condensation reaction of β‐aminocrotonitrile and easily accessible (E)‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐but‐3‐enoic acids and (E)‐4‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐but‐2‐enoic acids is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Expression of myelin genes: Comparative analysis of Oli‐neu and N20.1 oligodendroglial cell lines
Authors: Pereira Glauber B. , Dobretsova Anna , Hamdan Hamdan , Wight Patricia A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe use of immortalized cells has been instrumental as a tool with which to study gene regulation. However, it is crucial to understand the status of a given cell line, especially when investigating the regulation of genes whose expression is developmentally regulated. Several immortalized cell lines have been derived from primary cultures of mouse oligodendrocytes. Two such cell lines, N20.1 and Oli‐neu, were characterized here in terms of their relative expression of myelin genes at both the mRNA level and the protein level. Analysis of the splice isoforms expressed by the myelin proteolipid protein (Plp1), myelin basic protein (Mbp), and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (Cnp) genes, along with the relative amount of protein expressed by these genes, suggests that the cell lines are representative of immature oligodendrocytes, although Oli‐neu cells appear to be farther along the differentiation pathway compared with N20.1 cells. Previous studies have shown that the developmental increase in Plp1 gene expression that occurs during the active myelination period is governed by transcription regulatory elements present within the first intron. The responsiveness of one of these elements, the so‐called antisilencer/enhancer (ASE), was investigated in both cell lines. Results presented here suggest that the ASE has a much more potent effect in Oli‐neu cells. Thus, the two cell lines appear to be at different stages and will be useful as a means to study transcription regulatory elements whose influence changes during development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorus leaching in a calcareous soil treated with plant residues and inorganic fertilizer
Authors: Jalali Mohsen , Karamnejad Ladan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractColumn experiments were conducted over 45 d to determine the degree of P mobility. The sandy loam soil was spiked with 200 mg P kg–1 and 5% organic residues. The treatments included: control without any water‐soluble P and plant residues, potato, wheat, water‐soluble P fertilizer, wheat + water‐soluble P, and potato + water‐soluble P. Each column was leached with distilled water, and leachates were collected and analyzed for P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, along with pH and EC. Sequential extraction was performed on soil samples at the end of leaching column experiments. The relatively high initial concentration of P in the leachates decreased to more stable values after 15 d which can be attributed to the colloid‐bound P. The P concentrations in the leachates fluctuated between 8 and 220 mg L–1 in the water‐soluble–P fertilizer treatment, between 0.80 and 230 mg L–1 in the potato + water‐soluble‐P treatment, and between 0.90 and 214 mg L–1 in the wheat + water‐soluble P treatment. Leaching loss of P mainly occurred in the 15 d of leaching, accounting for 94%, 88%, and 65% of total P leached in wheat + water‐soluble‐P, potato + water‐soluble‐P, and water‐soluble‐P treatments, respectively. Maximum amount of P leached was found from an exponential kind model and was in the range 0.45 mg kg–1 to 125.4 mg kg–1 in control and potato + water‐soluble‐P treatments, respectively. Sequential extraction results showed that in control and amended soils the major proportion of P was associated with Ca. The leachate samples in all treatments were saturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, β‐tricalcium phosphate, and octacalcium phosphate up to 20 d of leaching, whereas they were undersaturated with respect to Mg‐P minerals through the entire leaching experiment.
Subtracting a best rank‐1 approximation from p × p × 2(p≥2) tensors
Authors: Kong Xu , Jiang Yao‐Lin 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe introduce one special form of the ptimesp × 2 (p≥2) tensors by multilinear orthonormal transformations, and present some interesting properties of the special form. Through discussing on the special form, we provide a solution to one conjecture proposed by Stegeman and Comon in a conference paper (Proceedings of the EUSIPCO 2009 Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009), and reveal an important conclusion about subtracting a best rank‐1 approximations from p × p × 2 tensors of the special form. All of these confirm that consecutively subtracting the best rank‐1 approximations may not lead to a best low rank approximation of a tensor. Numerical examples show the correctness of our theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimal‐order error estimate for a Galerkin‐mixed finite‐element time‐stepping procedure for porous media flows
Authors: Chen Feng‐xin , Chen Huan‐zhen , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article deals with the numerical approximation of miscible displacement problem of one incompressible fluid in a porous medium. The adopted formulation is based on the combined use of a mixed finite‐element scheme to treat pressure equation and of the finite‐element approach to treat concentration equation. Optimal‐order error estimates are obtained under some milder mesh‐parameter constraints. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 707–719, 2012
When a cigar is not just a cigar: Alternative takes on data and data analysis
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA commonplace in the qualitative research literature is that data can be interpreted in more than one way. Less commonly considered are how much the interpretive flexibility of data depends on the adequacy of researchers' interpretive repertoires and how it troubles the lines conventionally drawn between methods, primary and secondary analysis, and between valid and invalid interpretation. What largely differentiates inquiry is not whether it is qualitative or quantitative but rather the attitude taken toward the data generated in a study. The more varied the interpretive repertoire of researchers, the greater will be their capacity to be tuned in to and credibly account for the varied ways in which data can be seen and treated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:342–352, 2011
Realizing porphyrin‐functionalization of crosslinked polystyrene microspheres via two special polymer reactions
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Chen Yingjun , Lei Qingjuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel route to make crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres to be porphyrin‐functionalized via two special polymer reactions, Kornblum reaction and Adler reaction, was designed and founded. The chloromethyl groups of chloromethylated crosslinked polystyrene (CMCPS) microspheres were first oxidized to aldehyde groups by dimethyl sulfoxide as oxidant via Kornblum oxidation reaction, obtaining aldehyde group‐modified microspheres, ALCPS microspheres, in which, a great quantity of benzaldehyde groups suspend from the main chain, and the effects of the main factors including the reaction temperature, the addition of KI as catalyst and the used amount of NaHCO3 as acid acceptor on the oxidation reaction were examined. Subsequently, the synchronic synthesizing and immobilizing of porphyrins on CPS microspheres were carried out via the Adler reaction between solid and liquid phases, in which, ALCPS microspheres, pyrrole and benzaldehyde or benzaldehyde analog in a solution were used as co‐reactants, resulting in porphyrin‐functionalized microspheres, and the influence of diverse factors including the acidity of the protonic acid catalyst, the substituent structure of benzaldehyde analog, and the polarity of the solvent as well as the swelling property of the solvent for CPS microspheres on the process of synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on CPS microspheres were investigated in depth. The experimental results indicate that via the designed route, the porphyrin‐functionalization of CPS microspheres can successfully be realized. For the Kornblum oxidation reaction, under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of chloromethyl groups can reach 90%. For the Adler reaction between solid and liquid phases, the fitting protonic acid catalyst is lactic acid, appropriate solvent is a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and xylene, and using 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde as a benzaldehyde analog reactant in the solution is in favor of the porphyrin‐functionalization of CPS microspheres. Under these specific conditions, the immobilized amount of porphyrin can get up to 23.33 mmol/100 g. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CNS irradiation in pediatric acute myleoid leukemia: Equal results by 12 or 18 Gy in studies AML‐BFM98 and 2004
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Zimmermann Martin , Bourquin Jean‐Pierre , Dworzak Michael N. , Fleischhack Gudrun , von Neuhoff Christine , Sander Annette , Schrauder André , von Stackelberg Arend , Ritter Joerg , Starý Jan , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of preventive central nervous system irradiation (CNS‐RT) in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still discussed. As results of study AML‐BFM87 revealed an increased risk for relapse when CNS‐RT was not performed, studies AML‐BFM98 and ‐2004 randomized CNS‐RT of 18 or 12 Gy in order to evaluate the efficacy of the lower dose and to reduce late effects.ProceduresTo achieve a power of 80% for non‐inferiority (range 11%) 240 patients per group were required. Out of 722 eligible patients, 486 patients <18 years were randomized to receive 12 Gy (n = 249) or 18 Gy (n = 237). Since this was a non‐inferiority study, the analysis was performed for patients as treated (12 Gy: n = 252 and 18 Gy: n = 219).ResultsFive‐year survival, event‐free survival and cumulative incidence of relapse were similar in patients who received 12 or 18 Gy, respectively (82 ± 3% vs. 79 ± 3%, 68 ± 3% vs. 63 ± 3%, and 30 ± 3% vs. 34 ± 3%). The lower limit of the one‐sided confidence interval for the −5% difference in 5‐years pEFS was 2%. There were six relapses with CNS involvement (one in the 12 Gy, and five in the 18 Gy group).ConclusionResults demonstrate no disadvantage for patients irradiated with a reduced CNS dose of 12 Gy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 986–992. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis is associated with surgical wound complications in patients with localized osteosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Hingorani Pooja , Seidel Kristy , Krailo Mark , Mascarenhas Leo , Meyers Paul , Marina Neyssa , Conrad Ernest U. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is common at diagnosis and during treatment for sarcoma patients. Poor nutritional status is associated with increased risk of complications, particularly infections. We investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) on the incidence of surgical wound complications in patients with localized osteosarcoma treated on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) legacy trial, INT‐0133.ProcedurePatients considered in this report had localized osteosarcoma, enrolled on COG trial INT‐0133, remained on protocol therapy to have definitive surgery 6–16 weeks after study entry, and had adequate height, weight, and surgical complication data for analysis. By protocol design, definitive surgical resection was planned for 10 weeks after induction chemotherapy. Wound complications within 30 days after definitive surgery were considered post‐operative. BMI was calculated at the start of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and expressed as age‐ and gender‐adjusted percentile. The incidence of wound complications was evaluated by logistic regression or Fisher's exact test.ResultsA total of 498 patients met criteria for analysis. Low BMI (≤10th percentile) was seen in 73 (14.7%), middle BMI (11th–94th percentile) in 382 (76.7%), and high BMI (≥95th percentile) in 43 (8.6%) patients. Wound infection or slough was seen in low BMI patients (OR = 2.0, P = 0.07) although the results did not reach statistical significance. Arterial thrombosis was more common in high BMI patients (OR = 9.4, P = 0.03).ConclusionsAbnormal BMI at the start of treatment for localized osteosarcoma is associated with increased risk of post‐operative wound complications such as arterial thrombosis. Future studies should evaluate whether maintenance of age‐appropriate BMI reduces the risk of surgical complications. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 939–942. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opsoclonus‐myoclonus and anti‐Hu positive limbic encephalitis in a patient with neuroblastoma
Authors: Morales La Madrid Andres , Rubin Charles M. , Kohrman Michael , Pytel Peter , Cohn Susan L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOpsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is seen in 2–3% of children with neuroblastoma and is believed to be caused by an autoimmune process elicited by the tumor. Although long‐term neurologic sequelae are common in children with OMS, limbic encephalitis has not previously been reported. We report a child who developed limbic encephalitis associated with anti‐Hu antibodies, 6 years after her initial diagnosis of neuroblastoma and OMS. This case demonstrates that patients with neuroblastoma and OMS are at risk for developing new paraneoplastic symptoms years after their original diagnosis and emphasizes the need for careful long‐term follow‐up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 472–474. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Slamming wave impact of a composite buoy for wave energy applications: Design and large‐scale testing
Authors: Van Paepegem W. , Blommaert C. , De Baere I. , Degrieck J. , De Backer G. , De Rouck J. , Degroote J. , Vierendeels J. , Matthys S. , Taerwe L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the European FP6 project SEEWEC, the design of a wave energy converter has been studied. The floating point absorbers that extract the wave energy were a crucial structure for the efficient functioning of this device and were manufactured from filament wound composite. Their mechanical design was to a large extent dominated by the survivability requirement in extreme storm conditions. During such storms, the structure is hit by very large waves. The associated mechanical loading by the waves is called “slamming,” which is characterized by very high local water pressures (several tens of bar) with short duration (ms) that act on the structure. This study discusses the mechanical design of the filament wound composite floating point absorbers, with the focus on the storm survivability conditions. The finite element calculations have been supported by small‐scale and large‐scale experimental tests, where the large‐scale tests simulate the repeated wave impacts under yearly storm conditions and the survival under extreme storm conditions. It has been proved that a design that takes into account the deformability of the structure can withstand the slamming loads, although it does not comply with the international design codes which assume rigid behavior of the impacted structure. Further, the experimentally measured slamming peak pressures strongly depend on the rigidity of the composite structure. Given the broad context of the covered research work and the imposed page limitations, this study does not pretend to give all the details of all the individual steps in the design and testing processes, but rather gives a comprehensive overview of the complete chain of design decisions and validations between finite element simulations and experiments. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electroreductive block copolymerization of dichlorosilanes in the presence of disilane additives
Authors: Ishifune Manabu , Sana Chika , Ando Misako , Tsuyama Yohei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe electroreductive polymerization of dichloromethylphenylsilane in the presence of triphenylsilyl group‐containing disilanes such as hexaphenyldisilane followed by the electroreductive termination with chlorotriphenylsilane afforded triphenylsilyl group‐terminated polymethylphenylsilane in 15–32% yield. The isolated polymethylphenylsilane (Mn = 3350 g mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.4) was found to react as a macroinitiator to copolymerize with dibutyldichlorosilane under electroreductive conditions producing the corresponding block copolymer (Mn = 4730 g mol−1, Mw/Mn = 1.2) in 38% yield. The ratio of monomer units (MeSiPhtoBuSiBu) of the copolymer was determined to be 75:25 using 1H NMR analysis, which was in good agreement with the calculated ratio (74:26) on the assumption that molecular weight of the macroinitiator was not changed. The block structure of the resulting copolymer, poly(methylphenylsilane)‐block‐poly(dibutylsilane), was also confirmed by comparing its 1H NMR and UV absorption spectra with those of polymethylphenylsilane, polydibutylsilane and a statistical copolymer prepared by electroreductive polymerization of dichloromethylphenylsilane with dibutyldichlorosilane. This method is applicable to the preparation of other types of macroinitiator such as triphenylsilyl group‐terminated polydibutylsilane, and polydibutylsilane‐block‐polymethylphenylsilane was also obtained using this macroinitiator. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry