bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney injury molecule‐1 in renal disease
Authors: Waanders Femke , van Timmeren Mirjan M , Stegeman Coen A , Bakker Stephan JL , van Goor Harry 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) is a marker for renal proximal tubular damage, the hallmark of virtually all proteinuric, toxic and ischaemic kidney diseases. KIM‐1 has gained increasing interest because of its possible pathophysiological role in modulating tubular damage and repair. In this respect, it is interesting that the best biomarkers often turn out to be important in modulation of damage and some even become therapeutic targets. The emphasis of this review is on structural and biochemical aspects of KIM‐1, its expression pattern and its pathophysiological role in renal disease. We also discuss the prognostic impact of KIM‐1 in relation to urinary protein excretion. Glomerular (proteinuria) and interstitial markers (KIM‐1) might have independent prognostic impact and so may provide independent treatment targets. Finally, the potential of KIM‐1 as biomarker of renal damage, as a predictor of renal function decline and its perspectives for monitoring therapy response, are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gefitinib in combination with oral topotecan and cyclophosphamide in relapsed neuroblastoma: Pharmacological rationale and clinical response
Authors: Donfrancesco Alberto , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , McDowell Heather Prudence , De Pasquale Maria Debora , Ilari Ilaria , Jenkner Alessandro , Castellano Aurora , Cialfi Samantha , De Laurentis Clementina , Dominici Carlo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAimActivity and toxiciy of gefitinib in combination with topotecan and cyclophosphamide (CPA) were evaluated in a case‐series of relapsed neuroblastoma (NB) patients. The in vitro activity of the combination was also assessed.ProcedureGefitinib (250 mg/day), topotecan (0.8 mg/m2/day), and CPA (50 mg/m2/day) (GTC) were administered orally for 14 consecutive days out of 28 days. Antitumor activity of gefitinib as single agent and in combination with either topotecan or CPA was assessed in a panel of NB cell lines.ResultsNinety‐two courses were given in 10 patients. Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 7/92 courses (8%) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia in 8/92 (9%). Two patients had a grade 2 liver toxicity, four a grade 1/2 skin toxicity, and two a grade 1/2 diarrhea. Dose reduction of topotecan and/or CPA was required in eight patients. After four courses, three patients were in partial response (PR) and four with a stable disease (SD), while three experienced a progressive disease (PD). Time to progression (TTP) was 9 months (range, 1–27). After a median follow‐up of 16 months (range 5–54), seven patients are died of disease (DOD) and three alive with disease (AWD). All but one patient discontinued oral chemotherapy because of a PD, whilst one patient stopped chemotherapy after 27 months with a SD. In vitro, gefitinib was synergistic with topotecan and additive with CPA.ConclusionThe GTC combination was well tolerated and the TTP was encouraging. These promising results, also supported by in vitro evidence, should be further confirmed in a phase II study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:55–61. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic equilibrium in mixtures of protophobic and protophilic polar non‐hydrogen bond donor solvents: acids, salts, and indicators in acetone containing 5 mol% DMSO
Authors: Mchedlov‐Petrossyan Nikolay O. , Filatov Dmitriy Yu. , Goga Sergey T. , Lebed Alexander V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProperties of a protophobic polar non‐HBD solvent can be strongly modified by introduction of a small amount of a protophilic polar non‐HBD solvent. In this paper, acetone (AC) with 5 mol% additive of DMSO, a solvent with $\varepsilon _{\rm r}^{{\rm 25}} = 22$, was considered as a media for acid–base reactions. Conductance was used for determination of dissociation constants of a set of salts, hydrogen chloride, and picric acid. The last‐named was also studied by UV‐vis spectroscopy. The introduction of 5 mol% of DMSO results in suppressing, to some extent, the homoconjugation processes in AC media as well as of proton hydration by (possible) traces of water. The dissociation of salicylic acid and 2,4‐dinitrophenol was examined utilizing quinhydrone electrodes in a cell with liquid junction. The pKa values of buffer acids and ${\rm p}a_{{\rm H}^ + }^* $ values of buffer solutions were calculated by taking into account the incomplete dissociation of salts. The response of the glass electrode appeared to be satisfactory, which allowed the estimation of the pKa value of benzoic acid. The apparent ionization constants of 22 acid–base indicators in buffer mixtures and perchloric acid solutions were determined in (AC + 5 mol% DMSO) using the spectrophotometric procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspects of Plasma in Water: Streamer Physics and Applications
Authors: Joshi Ravindra P. , Kolb Juergen F. , Xiao Shu , Schoenbach Karl H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPhysical mechanisms for streamer initiation and electrical breakdown in water are discussed. The focus is on various processes that could lead to the inception and propagation of streamers in water. Physical details associated with observed disparities in breakdown at the anode versus the cathode, differences in luminosity, and variations in streamer propagation speeds are discussed. Creation of a localized low‐density region near the site of a field enhancement is shown to be essential for streamer initiation. Finally, the use of a trigatron‐type electrically triggered switch with a triple‐point geometry is shown to be a low‐cost, compact alternative to laser (or acoustic) switching. Such controlled breakdown could be used for various applications including water purification and bio‐decontamination.magnified image
Selective floating gate non‐volatile paper memory transistor
Authors: Martins Rodrigo , Barquinha P. , Pereira L. , Correia N. , Gonçalves G. , Ferreira I. , Fortunato E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHere we report the performance of a selective floating gate (VGS) n‐type non‐volatile memory paper field‐effect transistor. The paper dielectric exhibits a spontaneous polarization of about 1 mCm–2 and GIZO and IZO amorphous oxides are used respectively as the channel and the gate layers. The drain and source regions are based in continuous conductive thin films that promote the integration of fibres coated with the active semiconductor. The floating memory transistor writes, reads and erases the stored information with retention times above 14500 h, and is selective (for VGS > 5 ± 0.1 V). That is, to erase stored information a symmetric pulse to the one used to write must be utilized, allowing to store in the same space different information. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multivariate process monitoring of an experimental blast furnace
Authors: Vanhatalo Erik 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProcess monitoring by use of multivariate projection methods has received increasing attention as it can reduce the monitoring problem for richly instrumented industrial processes with many correlated variables. This article discusses the monitoring and control of a continuously operating experimental blast furnace (EBF). A case study outlines the need for monitoring and control of the EBF and the use of principal components (PCs) to monitor the thermal state of the process. The case study addresses design, testing and online application of PC models for process monitoring. The results show how the monitoring problem can be reduced to following just a few PCs instead of many original variables. The case study highlights the problem of multivariate monitoring of a process with frequently shifting operating modes and process drifts and stresses the choice of a good reference data set of ‘normal’ process behavior. Possible solutions for adaptations of the multivariate models to process changes are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondria and diabetes mellitus: untangling a conflictive relationship?
Authors: Schiff M. , Loublier S. , Coulibaly A. , Bénit P. , Ogier de Baulny H. , Rustin P. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is occasionally observed in patients with skeletal muscle respiratory chain deficiency, suggesting that skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction might play a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In support of this hypothesis, decreased muscle mitochondrial activity has been reported in T2D patients and in mouse models of diabetes. However, recent work by several groups suggests that decreased muscle mitochondrial function may be a consequence rather than a cause of diabetes, since decreased mitochondrial function in mice affords protection from diabetes and obesity. We review the data on this controversial but important issue of potential links between mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes.
Development and implementation of a novel assay for l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (l‐2‐HGDH) in cell lysates: l‐2‐HGDH deficiency in 15 patients with l‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Kranendijk M. , Salomons G. S. , Gibson K. M. , Aktuglu‐Zeybek C. , Bekri S. , Christensen E. , Clarke J. , Hahn A. , Korman S. H. , Mejaski‐Bosnjak V. , Superti‐Furga A. , Vianey‐Saban C. , van der Knaap M. S. , Jakobs C. , Struys E. A. 
Published: October 2009

Summaryl‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria (l‐2‐HGA) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. An assay to evaluate l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (l‐2‐HGDH) activity in fibroblast, lymphoblast and/or lymphocyte lysates has hitherto been unavailable. We developed an l‐2‐HGDH enzyme assay in cell lysates based on the conversion of stable‐isotope‐labelled l‐2‐hydroxyglutarate to 2‐ketoglutarate, which is converted into l‐glutamate in situ. The formation of stable isotope labelled l‐glutamate is therefore a direct measure of l‐2‐HGDH activity, and this product is detected by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A deficiency of l‐2‐HGDH activity was detected in cell lysates from 15 out of 15 l‐2‐HGA patients. Therefore, this specific assay confirmed the diagnosis unambiguously affirming the relationship between molecular and biochemical observations. Residual activity was detected in cells derived from one l‐2‐HGA patient. The l‐2‐HGDH assay will be valuable for examining in vitro riboflavin/FAD therapy to rescue l‐2‐HGDH activity.
Simple Determination of Deoxycholic and Ursodeoxycholic Acids by Phenolphthalein‐β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Cadena Pabyton G. , Oliveira Eric C. , Araújo Alberto N. , Montenegro Maria C. B. S. M. , Pimentel Maria C. B. , Lima Filho José L. , Silva Valdinete L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn expeditious colorimetric methodology for the determination of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) and of the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in pharmaceutical formulations is reported. The method is based on their competitive complexation reaction with a color indicator to form β‐cyclodextrin‐inclusion complexes. Several pH color indicators were tested, but phenolphthalein (PHP) showed the best interaction with the β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with an inclusion yield higher than 95%. The best concentrations of β‐cyclodextrin to form inclusion complexes were 1.24 × 10−3 and 6.2 × 10−4 M at pH 9.5 and 10.5. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the pH had a significant effect on the DCA determination and that high β‐CD‐PHP inclusion complex concentrations had a significant negative effect on the UDCA determination (p < 0.05). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 3.94 × 10−5 and 1.31 × 10−4 M for DCA (range: 6.1 × 10−6–3.13 × 10−3 M), 4.08 × 10−5 and 1.36 × 10−4 M for UDCA (range: 6.05 × 10−6–3.88 × 10−4 M). This simple and cheap method showed high stability and feasible instrumentation.
Impact of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography on Oncologic Patient Management: First 2 Years' Experience at a Single Canadian Cancer Center
Authors: Worsley Daniel F. , Wilson Don C. , Powe John E. , Benard Francois 
Published: October 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) results on patient management from a single Canadian oncology center during its first 2 years of operation. Methods A total of 3,779 consecutive patients, 18 years of age and older, who were referred for PET-CT imaging at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2007, were included in this analysis. Results were tabulated from a standard questionnaire, which was given to referring physicians following completion of their patient's PET-CT study. Results From July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2007, 3,779 consecutive fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET-CT examinations were performed in patients aged 18 years or older. A total of 3,429 referring-physician surveys (90.7%) were returned. The results of the PET-CT study resulted in a change in treatment decision in 49.8% of the studies and resulted in improved decision making in 83.2% of the studies. Conclusion This series demonstrated that the results from PET-CT studies performed at a single Canadian oncology center during the first 2 years of its operation altered patient management in 50% of cases and resulted in improved decision making in the majority of cases.
Predicting citation count ofBioinformaticspapers within four years of publication
Authors: Ibáñez Alfonso , Larrañaga Pedro , Bielza Concha 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMotivation: Nowadays, publishers of scientific journals face the tough task of selecting high-quality articles that will attract as many readers as possible from a pool of articles. This is due to the growth of scientific output and literature. The possibility of a journal having a tool capable of predicting the citation count of an article within the first few years after publication would pave the way for new assessment systems.Results: This article presents a new approach based on building several prediction models for the Bioinformatics journal. These models predict the citation count of an article within 4 years after publication (global models). To build these models, tokens found in the abstracts of Bioinformatics papers have been used as predictive features, along with other features like the journal sections and 2-week post-publication periods. To improve the accuracy of the global models, specific models have been built for each Bioinformatics journal section (Data and Text Mining, Databases and Ontologies, Gene Expression, Genetics and Population Analysis, Genome Analysis, Phylogenetics, Sequence Analysis, Structural Bioinformatics and Systems Biology). In these new models, the average success rate for predictions using the naive Bayes and logistic regression supervised classification methods was 89.4% and 91.5%, respectively, within the nine sections and for 4-year time horizon.Availability: Supplementary material on this experimental survey is available at http://www.dia.fi.upm.es/~concha/bioinformatics.htmlContact: aibanez@fi.upm.es
Thin films for solar control applications
Authors: Kanu Sapna Shrestha , Binions Russell 
Published: October 2009

The excessive use of heating systems in cold climates and air conditioning systems in hotter climates is resulting in the extensive use of electricity in order to maintain such systems. This in turn leads to the greater use of fossil fuels and higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases. The growing amount of carbon dioxide emissions is contributing to the problem of global warming, hence increasing the need for alternative technologies to heating and air conditioning systems.
One such alternative is the production of thin films which can be used as window glazing coatings to construct ‘smart windows’. These windows have the greatest use within constant climates. In cold climates, windows with high solar transmittance and low thermal emittance are needed; this allows sunlight into the building to brighten the room but stops heat from escaping thus warming the room. In constantly hot climates, materials that are transparent in the visible region but reflective in the infrared, such as thin metallic coatings, can be used to ensure that the inside of the building remains cool.
These solar control coatings, however, pose a problem in varying climates such as in northern and central Europe. For these cases, materials that have altering properties owing to external surroundings could be the solution. These ‘chromatic’ materials include several categories, such as photochromic glasses and polymers, thermochromic metal oxides and electrochromic materials.
This review will begin with a discussion as to the chemistry behind the solar control coatings and chromic materials including ambient radiation and the ideal of a black-body object. It will then look in depth at each class of these chromic materials considering experimental results and theoretical insight as well as production techniques and applications.
Identification of Defense Compounds inBarbarea vulgarisagainst the HerbivorePhyllotreta nemorumby an Ecometabolomic Approach
Authors: Kuzina Vera , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Andersen Sven Bode , Nielsen Jens Kvist , Olsen Carl Erik , Bak Søren 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWinter cress (Barbarea vulgaris) is resistant to a range of insect species. Some B. vulgaris genotypes are resistant, whereas others are susceptible, to herbivory by flea beetle larvae (Phyllotreta nemorum). Metabolites involved in resistance to herbivory by flea beetles were identified using an ecometabolomic approach. An F2 population representing the whole range from full susceptibility to full resistance to flea beetle larvae was generated by a cross between a susceptible and a resistant B. vulgaris plant. This F2 offspring was evaluated with a bioassay measuring the ability of susceptible flea beetle larvae to survive on each plant. Metabolites that correlated negatively with larvae survival were identified through correlation, cluster, and principal component analyses. Two main clusters of metabolites that correlate negatively with larvae survival were identified. Principal component analysis grouped resistant and susceptible plants as well as correlated metabolites. Known saponins, such as hederagenin cellobioside and oleanolic acid cellobioside, as well as two other saponins correlated significantly with plant resistance. This study shows the potential of metabolomics to identify bioactive compounds involved in plant defense.
Stage-Specific Regulation ofSolanum lycopersicumLeaf Maturation by Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX Proteins
Authors: Shani Eilon , Burko Yogev , Ben-Yaakov Lilach , Berger Yael , Amsellem Ziva , Goldshmidt Alexander , Sharon Eran , Ori Naomi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractClass 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOXI) genes encode transcription factors that are expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and are essential for SAM maintenance. In some species with compound leaves, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), KNOXI genes are also expressed during leaf development and affect leaf morphology. To dissect the role of KNOXI proteins in leaf patterning, we expressed in tomato leaves a fusion of the tomato KNOXI gene Tkn2 with a sequence encoding a repressor domain, expected to repress common targets of tomato KNOXI proteins. This resulted in the formation of small, narrow, and simple leaves due to accelerated differentiation. Overexpression of the wild-type form of Tkn1 or Tkn2 in young leaves also resulted in narrow and simple leaves, but in this case, leaf development was blocked at the initiation stage. Expression of Tkn1 or Tkn2 during a series of spatial and temporal windows in leaf development identified leaf initiation and primary morphogenesis as specific developmental contexts at which the tomato leaf is responsive to KNOXI activity. Arabidopsis thaliana leaves responded to overexpression of Arabidopsis or tomato KNOXI genes during the morphogenetic stage but were largely insensitive to their overexpression during leaf initiation. These results imply that KNOXI proteins act at specific stages within the compound-leaf development program to delay maturation and enable leaflet formation, rather than set the compound leaf route.
LYRATE Is a Key Regulator of Leaflet Initiation and Lamina Outgrowth in Tomato
Authors: David-Schwartz Rakefet , Koenig Daniel , Sinha Neelima R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Development of the flattened laminar structure in plant leaves requires highly regulated cell division and expansion patterns. Although tight regulation of these processes is essential during leaf development, leaf shape is highly diverse across the plant kingdom, implying that patterning of growth must be amenable to evolutionary change. Here, we describe the molecular identification of the classical tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant lyrate, which is impaired in outgrowth of leaflet primodia and laminar tissues during compound leaf development. We found that the lyrate phenotype results from a loss-of-function mutation of the tomato JAGGED homolog, a well-described positive regulator of cell division in lateral organs. We demonstrate that LYRATE coordinates lateral outgrowth in the compound leaves of tomato by interacting with both the KNOX and auxin transcriptional networks and suggest that evolutionary changes in LYRATE expression may contribute to the fundamental difference between compound and simple leaves.
Making the Long Tail visible: social networking sites and independent music discovery
Authors: Gaffney Michael , Rafferty Pauline 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate users' knowledge and use of social networking sites and folksonomies to discover if social tagging and folksonomies, within the area of independent music, aid in its information retrieval and discovery. The sites examined in this project are MySpace, Lastfm, Pandora and Allmusic. In addition, the ways in which independent record labels utilise social networking sites for promotion are investigated.Design/methodology/approachThree groups of participants were surveyed using questionnaires. These groups were music concert attendees, people who responded to online postings to social networking sites, and independent record companies. In addition interviews were held with digital music experts.FindingsThe results suggest that respondents use social networking sites for music discovery but are not generally aware of folksonomic approaches to music discovery. When users do use and contribute to the folksonomy, most respondents were found to tag for personal retrieval purposes rather than attempting to aid the retrieval purposes of the population of site users as a whole. The four record labels unanimously agreed that social networking sites are having a major impact on independent music discovery. Digital distribution has a major impact on independent record labels. It facilitates discovery but at the same time digital distribution creates new promotional dilemmas.Originality/valueThe project is small scale but the research area is a relatively novel one, and the results are interesting enough to share more generally in the hope that this project will stimulate further research activity in this area.