bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting cell‐free systems: Implementation and debugging of a system of biotransformations
Authors: Bujara Matthias , Schümperli Michael , Billerbeck Sonja , Heinemann Matthias , Panke Sven 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe orchestration of a multitude of enzyme catalysts allows cells to carry out complex and thermodynamically unfavorable chemical conversions. In an effort to recruit these advantages for in vitro biotransformations, we have assembled a 10‐step catalytic system—a system of biotransformations (SBT)—for the synthesis of unnatural monosaccharides based on the versatile building block dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). To facilitate the assembly of such a network, we have insulated a production pathway from Escherichia coli's central carbon metabolism. This pathway consists of the endogenous glycolysis without triose‐phosphate isomerase to enable accumulation of DHAP and was completed with lactate dehydrogenase to regenerate NAD+. It could be readily extended for the synthesis of unnatural sugar molecules, such as the unnatural monosaccharide phosphate 5,6,7‐trideoxy‐D‐threo‐heptulose‐1‐phosphate from DHAP and butanal. Insulation required in particular inactivation of the amn gene encoding the AMP nucleosidase, which otherwise led to glucose‐independent DHAP production from adenosine phosphates. The work demonstrates that a sufficiently insulated in vitro multi‐step enzymatic system can be readily assembled from central carbon metabolism pathways. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 376–389. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices about preventing child sexual abuse: a literature review
Authors: Babatsikos Georgia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIncreased concern about high rates of child sexual abuse has led to the demand for more prevention programmes, particularly those aimed at parents. Research on how parents manage and reduce the risk of child sexual abuse can help plan programmes. This literature review explores published research on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents on the risk and prevention of child sexual abuse and identifies gaps and needs for further research. The majority of studies reviewed originated in North America and Asia, were quantitative, surveyed mainly mothers and were more than ten years old. Recommendations are made for more current and country specific research, further research to gain a deeper understanding of how parents manage the risk of child sexual abuse, more comprehensive research covering a range of knowledge, attitude and practice variables, and greater inclusion of fathers in research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Casearin X, Its Degradation Product and Other Clerodane Diterpenes from Leaves of Casearia sylvestris: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity against Normal and Tumor Human Cells
Authors: Gonzaga dos Santos André , Pinheiro Ferreira Paulo Michel , Magela Vieira Júnior Gerardo , Perez Carla Cristina , Gomes Tininis Aristeu , Silva Geraldo Humberto , da Silva Bolzani Vanderlan , Veras Costa‐Lotufo Letícia , do Ó Pessoa Cláudia , Cavalheiro Alberto José 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn EtOH extract of the leaves of Casearia sylvestris afforded new clerodane diterpene, casearin X, together with the known compounds casearins B, D, L, and O, and caseargrewiin F. Casearin X degraded to the corresponding dialdehyde when stored in CDCl3. The diterpenes isolated were cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines, with caseargrewiin F being the most active and the new clerodane, casearin X, the second active compound with IC50 values comparable to the positive control doxorubicin. All isolated diterpenes showed lower activities against normal human cells than against cancer cell lines, which might indicate a possible selective action on cancer cells. Casearin X dialdehyde was not cytotoxic to cancer cells indicating that the occurrence of these CO groups at C(18) and C(19) is incompatible with the cytotoxic activity.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Different Parts of Litsea cubeba
Authors: Wang Hongwu , Liu Yanqing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts of Litsea cubeba, including roots, stems, leaves, alabastra (flower buds), flowers, and fruits, were investigated by GC (RI) and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was assessed with disc diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. The results showed large variations in the composition among the different oils. The major components in the oils from roots and fruits, from stems, leaves, and alabastra, and from flowers were citral B (neral), β‐phellandrene, and β‐terpinene, respectively. The inhibition zone (DD) and MIC values for the bacterial strains tested, which were all sensitive to the essential oil of L. cubeba, were in the range of 10.1–35.0 mm and 100–1000 μg/ml, respectively. Hence, the oils of the various parts showed moderate activity against the tested bacteria. This investigation showed that the antibacterial activity of L. cubeba was attributed to the essential oils, thus they can be a potential medicinal resource.
Feasibility and applicability of computer‐assisted myocardial blush quantification after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Haeck Joost D.E. , Gu Youlan L. , Vogelzang Mathijs , Bilodeau Luc , Krucoff Mitchell W. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , De Winter Robbert J. , Zijlstra Felix , Koch Karel T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the “Quantitative Blush Evaluator” (QuBE) score is associated with measures of myocardial reperfusion in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated in two hospitals with 24/7 coronary intervention facilities. Background: QuBE is an open source computer program to quantify myocardial perfusion. Although QuBE has shown to be practical and feasible in the patients enrolled in the Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (TAPAS), QuBE has not yet been verified on reperfusion outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients treated in other catheterization laboratories. Methods: Core lab adjudicated angiographic outcomes and QuBE values were assessed on angiograms of patients who were enrolled in the PRoximal Embolic Protection in Acute myocardial infarction and Resolution of ST‐Elevation (PREPARE) trial. ST‐segment resolution immediately after PCI measured by continuous ST Holter monitoring was calculated by a blinded core lab. Results: The QuBE score could be assessed on 229 of the 284 angiograms (81%) and was significantly associated with visually assessed myocardial blush grade (P < 0.0001). Patients with improved postprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction‐graded flow, myocardial blush grade, ST‐segment resolution immediately after PCI, or a small infarct size measured by peak CK‐MB had a significant better QuBE score. Conclusions: QuBE is feasible and applicable at angiograms of patients with STEMI recorded at other catheterization laboratories and is associated with measures of myocardial reperfusion. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction Monitoring of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines by Coupled ATR‐FTIR, UV/Vis, and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Knöpke Leif R. , Nemati Navid , Köckritz Angela , Brückner Angelika , Bentrup Ursula 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCoupled ATR‐FTIR, UV/Vis, and Raman spectroscopy has been introduced for the monitoring of liquid phase hydrogenation reactions under elevated H2 pressure by implementation of spectroscopic immersion probes into a modified autoclave reactor. The setup was successfully tested for the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of several imine substrates under H2 pressures up to 20 bar. The conversion of the imines could be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and the product formation was observable by attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), which illustrates the benefits of coupling complementary spectroscopic methods. Separate spectroscopic investigations show that imines intensively interact with the phosphoric acid ester that is used as catalyst modifier, indicated by a shift of the original ν(CN) band of the imine to higher wavenumbers. UV/Vis spectroscopic investigations reveal a distinct shift of the absorption edge to a higher wavelength. Furthermore, the formation of adsorbates on the surface of used Pt/Al2O3 catalysts, resulting mainly from adsorbed imine, was detected by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The potential of UV/Vis spectroscopy in transmission mode for analyzing the organic components was tested. Due to its high sensitivity at low concentrations this method offers an additional possibility for a quantitative in situ analysis of the reaction progress in real time.
Netrin 1 provides a chemoattractive cue for the ventral migration of GnRH neurons in the chick forebrain
Authors: Murakami Shizuko , Ohki‐Hamazaki Hiroko , Watanabe Keisuke , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Ono Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate in the olfactory placode and migrate to the forebrain during embryonic development. We found that GnRH neurons migrated in two different modes in the chick medial telencephalon: they initially underwent axophilic migration in association with a subset of olfactory fibers in a dorsocaudal direction. This was followed by ventrally directed tangential migration to the basal forebrain. Since many of the ventrally migrating GnRH neurons did not follow distinct fiber fascicles, it is proposed that diffusible guidance molecules played a role in this migratory process. A long‐range diffusible factor, netrin 1, was expressed in the lower part of the commissural plate and the subpallial septum, but not along the axophilic migratory route of GnRH neurons. Failure of ventrally directed migration of GnRH neurons and their misrouting to the dorsomedial forebrain was induced by misexpression of netrin 1 in the dorsocaudal part of the septum near the top of the commissural plate, which is where the migration of GnRH neurons changed to a ventral direction. In such cases, a subset of olfactory fibers also extended, but close contact between aberrant fibers and misrouted GnRH neurons did not exist. A coculture experiment demonstrated that netrin 1 exerts an attractive effect on migrating GnRH neurons. These results provide evidence that netrin 1 acts as chemoattractant to migrating GnRH neurons at the dorsocaudal part of the septum and has the potential to regulate the ventral migration of GnRH neurons to the ventral septum and the preoptic area. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2019–2034, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of strontium carbonate rods and hierarchical branches in the presence of two organic additives
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Guoping , Wang Xixi , Fang Hongxia , Wu Chengxiu , Xing Tiantian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, strontium carbonate (SrCO3) crystals have been synthesized in the presence of two organic additives, including sodium citrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffractometry and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the products. The results indicate that SrCO3rods with the ratio of length to diameter about 20 are obtained in the aqueous solution containing sodium citrate. While polycrystalline SrCO3 hierarchical branches with about 10 μm length are produced by using HMT.The possible formation mechanism of the SrCO3crystals obtained in above two systems is discussed, which can be interpreted by particle‐aggregation based non‐classical crystallization laws. Sodium citrate and HMT may direct the formation of SrCO3 rod‐like or branch‐like structures by adsorbing onto certain facets of SrCO3 crystals. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and properties of PbGeO3 nanostructures
Authors: Wang Ning , Ding Jie , Li Guicun , Peng Hongrui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPbGeO3 nanostructures including nanofibers and nanobelts, have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method by the reaction between GeO2 and Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O in the absence of any surfactant. The influences of synthetic parameters, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and the concentration of ethylenediamine, on the morphologies and sizes of PbGeO3 nanostructures have been investigated. It is found that an evolution of PbGeO3 nanostructures from nanobelts to nanofibers is observed for the first time with the reaction time increased from 1 h to 6 h. The diameters of PbGeO3 nanofibers can be controled from 300–900 nm to 80–120 nm by adjusting the concentration of ethylenediamine. Under similar conditions, PbGeO3: Eu3+ nanofibers with rough surfaces can also be obtained. The photoluminescent spectra of PbGeO3: Eu3+ nanofibers exhibits two fluorescence emission peaks centered at around 591 and 614 nm as the excitation wavelength is 395 nm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and characterization of bioceramics produced from calcium phosphate cements
Authors: Andriotis O. , Katsamenis O. L. , Mouzakis D. E. , Bouropoulos N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe present work reports a method for preparing calcium phosphate ceramics by calcination of calcium phosphate cements composed mainly of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). It was found that hardened cements calcinied at temperatures from to 600 to 1300 °C were transformed to tricalcium phosphates. Moreover the compressive strength was determined and porosity was estimated as a function of the calcination temperature. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tabular silver halide crystals prepared by controlled Ostwald growth in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide
Authors: Dyonizy A. , Nowak P. , Mora C. , Król‐Gracz A. , Michalak E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe results of research in the size and shape of silver bromide crystals precipitated by the Ostwald controlled growth method at the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide were presented in the paper. The silver bromide crystals were produced in the form of microcrystal suspension stabilised by gelatine. In the course of the synthesis of crystals, the constant concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide, concentration of excessive bromide ions and the constant ionic strength were achieved. The tabular crystals of silver bromide with their average size of 50 μm and their aspect ratio equal to 100 were obtained by means of this method. The suspensions of flat silver bromide crystals produced in this manner can be used in the production of high‐sensitivity materials. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect structure and optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios
Authors: Sun Xiudong , Shi Hongxin , Luo Suhua , Jiang Yongyuan , Meng Qingxin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown in air by the Czochralski technique with various ratios of [Li]/[Nb]=0.94, 1.05, 1.20 in melt. The defect structure and location of doped ions were analyzed by the UV‐visible and infrared spectroscopy. The optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was measured by the photo‐induced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals is enhanced with the increase of the [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The dependence of the optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals on the defect structure is discussed in detail. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A 14b 150 MS/s 140 mW 2.0 mm20.13µm CMOS A/D converter for software‐defined radio systems
Authors: Choi Hee‐Cheol , Yoo Pil‐Seon , Ahn Gil‐Cho , Lee Seung‐Hoon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis work proposes a 14 b 150 MS/s CMOS A/D converters (ADC) for software‐defined radio systems requiring simultaneously high‐resolution, low‐power, and small chip area at high speed. The proposed calibration‐free ADC employs a wide‐band low‐noise input sample‐and‐hold amplifier (SHA) along with a four‐stage pipelined architecture optimizing scaling‐down factors for the sampling capacitance and the input trans‐conductance of amplifiers in each stage to minimize thermal noise effect and power consumption. A signal‐insensitive 3‐D fully symmetric layout achieves a 14 b level resolution by reducing a capacitor mismatch of three MDACs. The prototype ADC in a 0.13µm 1P8M CMOS technology demonstrates a measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity within 0.81LSB and 2.83LSB at 14 b, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio of 64 and 61 dB and a maximum spurious‐free dynamic range of 71 and 70 dB at 120 and 150 MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of 2.0mm2consumes 140 mW at 150 MS/s and 1.2 V. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On IIR‐based bit‐stream multipliers
Authors: Ng Chiu‐Wa , Wong Ngai , So Hayden Kwok‐Hay , Ng Tung‐Sang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe analyze the existing bi‐level IIR‐based bit‐stream multiplier and propose selection criteria for the key design parameter governing droop and phase linearity. Based on the proposed choice of parameter, we then extend the bi‐level design to tri‐ and quad‐level architectures that offer better signal‐to‐noise performance. Hardware complexity and noise performance of these designs are also contrasted with previously proposed FIR‐based bit‐stream multipliers. Useful design guidelines are subsequently drawn. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of a metastatic adult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a lymph node
Authors: Cantley Richard L. , Cimbaluk David , Reddy Vijaya , Iacusso Chiara , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAdult sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ASRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with a characteristic histological appearance of small, round cells in a dense, hyalinized stroma. Although nodal metastases of soft‐tissue sarcomas are considered uncommon, up to 5% overall are associated with lymph node metastases. Nonetheless, there is little literature on the cytologic characteristics of metastatic soft‐tissue sarcomas in lymph nodes, and to our knowledge, there are no reports of nodal metastasis of ASRMS diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report here a 55‐year‐old woman who presented with a right thigh mass and associated ipsilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mass revealed a uniform population of small, round cells in a dense, sclerotic background. A diagnosis of ASRMS was rendered. Subsequently, the patient underwent FNA of an enlarged inguinal lymph node, which revealed an identical population of small, round cells in a dense, myxoid background. This case highlights the cytologic features of a rare form of rhabdomyosarcoma, and emphasizes the utility of FNA in the assessment of lymphadenopathy in the setting of a soft‐tissue sarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:761–764. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of excessive glucocorticoid receptor stimulation during early gestation on psychomotor and social behavior in the rat
Authors: Kleinhaus Karine , Steinfeld Sara , Balaban Jordan , Goodman Leora , Craft Tara S. , Malaspina Dolores , Myers Michael M. , Moore Holly 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSevere psychological stress in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. To begin to investigate the role of glucocorticoid receptors in this association, we determined the effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), administered to pregnant rats on gestation days 6–8, on maternal behaviors and schizophrenia‐relevant behaviors in the offspring. Dams receiving dexamethasone exhibited increased milk ejection bouts during nursing. Offspring of dexamethasone‐treated dams (DEX) showed decreased juvenile social play and a blunted acoustic startle reflex in adolescence and adulthood, effects that were predicted by frequency of milk ejections in the dams. DEX offspring also showed increased prepulse inhibition of startle and reduced amphetamine‐induced motor activity, effects not correlated with maternal behavior. It is postulated that over‐stimulation of receptors targeted by glucocorticoids in the placenta or other maternal tissues during early gestation can lead to psychomotor and social behavioral deficits in the offspring. Moreover, some of these deficits may be mediated by alterations in postnatal maternal behavior and physiology produced by early gestational exposure to excess glucocorticoids. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52:121–132, 2010
Capillary electrophoresis of bone marrow stromal cells with uptake of heparin‐functionalized poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles during differentiation towards neurons
Authors: Kuo Yung‐Chih , Shih Kun‐Hsiung , Yang Jen‐Tsung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study analyzes the varying electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) during their differentiation towards neurons. Electrophoresis of primary BMSCs and neuron growth factor (NGF)‐induced neuron‐like cells with the uptake of heparin‐functionalized poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are also investigated. Immunofluorescent images revealed that a high concentration of NGF accelerated the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons. When the concentration of NGF increased, the absolute values of electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of the differentiating BMSCs increased. In addition, a longer inductive period yielded higher charge of the differentiating BMSCs and a smaller uptake amount of heparin‐functionalized PLGA NPs. However, an increase in the loading efficiency of heparin on PLGA NPs enhanced the uptake and reduced the electrical characteristics of the primary and differentiating BMSCs. Hence, a general rule is drawn that an increase in the uptake of heparin‐functionalized PLGA NPs decreased the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of BMSCs during differentiation towards neurons.
Total nucleotide analysis of Hydra DNA and RNA by MEKC with LIF detection and 32P‐postlabeling
Authors: Hassel Monika , Cornelius Michael G. , vom Brocke Jochen , Schmeiser Heinz H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe model organism Hydra has been used for molecular studies for more than 20 years, however, its DNA base composition has not been determined yet. We have analyzed DNA and total RNA of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata with two independent procedures of high accuracy and sensitivity – fluorescence labeling of nucleotides followed by CE‐LIF detection and 32P‐postlabeling. DNA of Hydra was digested either to deoxyribonucleoside‐5′‐monophosphates or deoxyribonucleoside‐3′‐monophosphates selectively conjugated with the fluorescent dye 4,4‐difluoro‐5,7‐dimethyl‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene‐3‐propionyl ethylene diamine hydrochloride (BODIPY FL EDA) separated and detected using CE‐LIF. Both versions of the assay revealed a high A+T composition of 78 and 71%, whereas total DNA methylation (5‐methyldeoxycytidine) was 2.6 and 3.1%. Total Hydra RNA showed highest base levels for guanine (33%) and a level of 1.4% for pseudouracil. All values were in good agreement with those determined by the 32P‐postlabeling method.