bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infarcted myocardium‐like stiffness contributes to endothelial progenitor lineage commitment of bone marrow mononuclear cells
Authors: Zhang Shuning , Sun Aijun , Ma Hong , Yao Kang , Zhou Ning , Shen Li , Zhang Chunyu , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptimal timing of cell therapy for myocardial infarction (MI) appears during 5 to 14 days after the infarction. However, the potential mechanism requires further investigation. This work aimed to verify the hypothesis that myocardial stiffness within a propitious time frame might provide a most beneficial physical condition for cell lineage specification in favour of cardiac repair. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and myocardial stiffness of MI mice were consecutively detected. Isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were injected into infarction zone at distinct time‐points and cardiac function were measured 2 months after infarction. Polyacrylamide gel substrates with varied stiffness were used to mechanically mimic the infarcted myocardium. BMMNCs were plated on the flexible culture substrates under different concentrations of VEGF. Endothelial progenitor lineage commitment of BMMNCs was verified by immunofluorescent technique and flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that the optimal timing in terms of improvement of cardiac function occurred during 7 to 14 days after MI, which was consistent with maximized capillary density at this time domains, but not with peak VEGF concentration. Percentage of double‐positive cells for DiI‐labelled acetylated low‐density lipoprotein uptake and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐UEA‐1 (ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin) binding had no significant differences among the tissue‐like stiffness in high concentration VEGF. With the decrease of VEGF concentration, the benefit of 42 kPa stiffness, corresponding to infarcted myocardium at days 7 to 14, gradually occurred and peaked when it was removed from culture medium. Likewise, combined expressions of VEGFR2+, CD133+ and CD45– remained the highest level on 42 kPa substrate in conditions of lower concentration VEGF. In conclusion, the optimal efficacy of BMMNCs therapy at 7 to 14 days after MI might result from non‐VEGF dependent angiogenesis, and myocardial stiffness at this time domains was more suitable for endothelial progenitor lineage specification of BMMNCs. The results here highlight the need for greater attention to mechanical microenvironments in cell culture and cell therapy.
The novel Aurora A kinase inhibitor MLN8237 is active in resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia and significantly increases the efficacy of nilotinib
Authors: Kelly Kevin R. , Ecsedy Jeffrey , Medina Ernest , Mahalingam Devalingam , Padmanabhan Swaminathan , Nawrocki Steffan T. , Giles Francis J. , Carew Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel therapies are urgently needed to prevent and treat tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). MLN8237 is a novel Aurora A kinase inhibitor under investigation in multiple phase I and II studies. Here we report that MLN8237 possessed equipotent activity against Ba/F3 cells and primary CML cells expressing unmutated and mutated forms of breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson kinase (BCR‐ABL). Notably, this agent retained high activity against the T315I and E255K BCR‐ABL mutations, which confer the greatest degree of resistance to standard therapy. MLN8237 treatment disrupted cell cycle kinetics, induced apoptosis, caused a dose‐dependent reduction in the expression of the large inhibitor of apoptosis protein Apollon, and produced a morphological phenotype consistent with Aurora A kinase inhibition. In contrast to other Aurora kinase inhibitors, MLN8237 did not significantly affect BCR‐ABL activity. Moreover, inhibition of Aurora A with MLN8237 significantly increased the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of nilotinib. Targeted knockdown of Apollon sensitized CML cells to nilotinib‐induced apoptosis, indicating that this is an important factor underlying MLN8237’s ability to increase the efficacy of nilotinib. Our collective data demonstrate that this combination strategy represents a novel therapeutic approach for refractory CML that has the potential to suppress the emergence of T315I mutated CML clones.
MicroRNA‐196: critical roles and clinical applications in development and cancer
Authors: Chen Changyi , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Lidong , Weakley Sarah M. , Yao Qizhi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Gene structure and regulation
Target molecules
Role in development
Role in cancer
Other biological functions
Summary and perspectives

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) represents one of the most significant advances in biological and medical sciences in the last decade. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in plants, viruses, animals and human beings, and these tiny, non‐coding RNA transcripts have been found to play crucial roles in important biological processes involved in human health and disease. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that miR‐196 plays critical roles in normal development and in the pathogenesis of human disease processes such as cancer. Several investigations have implemented cell culture and animal models to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of miR‐196. This review provides updated information about the structure of the miR‐196 gene and the roles of miR‐196 in development, cancer and disease formation. Importantly, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms whereby miR‐196 regulates cellular functions including targeting molecules and gene regulation pathways; potential clinical applications are addressed, as well as future directions for investigation. miR‐196a may prove to be a novel therapeutic target for several cancers.
Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Pazera P , Bornstein MM , Pazera A , Sendi P , Katsaros C 
Published: November 2010

To cite this article:
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C: Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:17–24Structured AbstractAuthors –  Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros CObjectives –  To determine the frequency of incidental maxillary sinus findings using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images made for orthodontic purposes.Setting and Sample Population –  One hundred thirty‐nine consecutive CBCTs from 134 patients treated at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Indications for CBCT imaging included the localization of impacted teeth and root resorption related to impacted teeth.Material and Methods Population –  Two experienced observers reviewed the CBCT scans (fields of view: 4 × 4/6 × 6/8 × 8 cm) and recorded all incidental maxillary sinus findings according to standardized categories. The patient’s age and gender, the size of the field of view, the season of CBCT image taking, and the thickness of the Schneiderian membrane were evaluated to identify potential influencing factors.Results –  In 65 CBCTs (46.8%), incidental maxillary sinus findings were found (interrater classification agreement of 95.7%/95% CI: 90.9–97.9%). Three types of incidental findings were diagnosed: flat mucosal thickening (23.7%), polypoid mucosal thickening (19.4%), and signs of acute sinusitis (3.6%). There was no correlation between the field of view of the CBCT and the number of incidental findings inside the field. There was no correlation between the season during which the CBCT was made and the number of incidental findings. The mean thickness of the mucosal lining in the maxillary sinus was 1.58 mm (95% CI: 1.17–1.98 mm).Conclusions –  A high percentage of the CBCTs made for orthodontic diagnostic purposes exhibit incidental maxillary sinus findings not associated with the primary indication.
Long-Term Psychological and Sexual Outcomes of Severe Penile Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Kiss Andras , Sulya Balint , Szász A. Marcell , Romics Imre , Kelemen Zsolt , Tóth József , Merksz Miklós , Kemény Sandor , Nyírády Péter 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypospadias is the most common penis malformation, and there exist a variety of surgical approaches used to correct the abnormal position of the meatus. Although the long-term outcomes of surgery are considered important for psychosexual development, only a few attempts have been made to evaluate patient satisfaction.

Aim
The aim of our study was to evaluate surgical results and psychosocial adaptations in a homogeneous group of subjects with severe penile hypospadias who underwent the same types of surgical repairs during childhood and compare the results to data obtained from age-matched healthy controls.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 104 men (between 24 and 42 years old) who underwent an uncomplicated two-stage hypospadias repair in their childhood and 63 age-matched healthy men without genital malformations completed the questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
Difference in self-perception assessed by a 15-item questionnaire regarding psychosexual well-being and penile appearance between subjects with corrected hypospadias and healthy participants.

Results
On average, subjects with a hypospadias repair were less satisfied with their genital appearance; however, they were more satisfied with their sex lives compared to healthy controls. The meatus distance was approximately 1.5 cm from the tip of the penis after surgical correction. None of the postoperative surgical results correlated with patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the small percentage of patients (11%) who were very unsatisfied with their surgical outcomes had no significant differences in surgical outcomes compared to satisfied patients. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in almost all psychological outcome measures.

Conclusions
In adults who underwent an uncomplicated ventral repair of a severe penile hypospadias 20–30 years earlier, healthy psychosexual development was achieved despite the lack of a glanular meatus. Early identification of unsatisfied patients is important for appropriate long-term follow-up and counseling.
Revision of Penile Prosthesis Surgery After Use of Penile Traction Therapy to Increase Erect Penile Length: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Moskovic Daniel J. , Pastuszak Alexander W. , Lipshultz Larry I. , Khera Mohit 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction, a common consequence of radical prostatectomy (RP), can be managed with placement of a penile prosthesis. Patient satisfaction and functional outcomes have been related to penile length after prosthesis placement.

Aim
We report a case demonstrating the impact of daily penile traction therapy in a patient with a previously placed penile prosthesis with the goal of enabling revision with a longer device.

Methods
A post-RP patient who underwent inflatable penile prosthesis placement 6 years ago complained of inability to maintain partner penetration with his device. The patient underwent vacuum erection device therapy twice daily for 10 minutes per session for approximately 1 year as well as 8 hours of penile traction therapy daily for 8 months. A revision implant surgery was subsequently attempted.

Main Outcome Measure
Patient reported functional outcome.

Results
Stretched penile length increased 2.3 cm after 6 months of traction therapy. A revision surgery enabled the placement of a prosthesis that was 20% longer in length (15 cm to 18 cm), and erect penile length increased by 4.4 cm. The patient reported that the new prosthesis enabled satisfactory maintenance of partner penetration.

Conclusions
This case suggests that the use of a penile traction device increases penile corporal length, and thus the length of a penile prosthesis that can be implanted in a patient with an unsatisfactory prosthesis already in place. Importantly, this patient experienced a substantial improvement in erect penile length after surgery. It is unknown whether these results are generalizable, either to all patients with a previously placed prosthesis or pre-prosthesis patients, representing an opportunity for further investigation.
Stability of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Solutions After Phosphate Addition: An Experimental Study
Authors: Santiago Maria José , López‐Herce Jesús , Muñoz Rafael , del Castillo Jimena , Urbano Javier , Solana Maria José , Botrán Marta 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe incidence of hypophosphatemia is high in critically ill children on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the addition of phosphate supplements to the replacement and dialysis fluids reduces the frequency of hypophosphatemia. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro stability of the CRRT solutions after phosphate addition. Three different concentrations of phosphate, 2.5, 4.6 and 7.7 mg/dL, in the replacement and dialysis fluids were analyzed. The pH, glucose, total calcium, phosphate, and magnesium were determined before adding the phosphate and at 2, 24, and 48 h after its addition. The bags were macroscopically observed for possible precipitation. After addition of the phosphate, its concentration remained stable and there were no significant changes in the concentrations of the other components. There were no visible signs of precipitation up to 48 h. The addition of phosphate to the CRRT fluids at concentrations of up to 7.7 mg/dL does not cause problems with precipitation or instability of the mixture.
Use of pressor therapy in 34 hypotensive critically ill neonatal foals
Authors: Dickey EJ , McKenzie III HC , Johnson A , Furr MO 
Published: November 2010

Background  Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is used in human medicine in the management of vasodilatory shock and cardiac arrest, but it is not widely used in equine neonatal intensive care because of concerns about potential side effects and suboptimal efficacy. This retrospective study reports the clinical use of AVP and norepinephrine (NE) in foals with refractory hypotension.Objectives  To report the cardiovascular responses and fluid balance in critically ill, hypotensive foals receiving either NE or AVP.Design  The medical records of neonatal foals (<7 days of age) from 2000 to 2007 admitted to the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center were reviewed.Results  The use of exogenous AVP infusion was associated with a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urinary output, and a significant decrease in heart rate. NE administration was also associated with a significant increase in MAP.Conclusions  The findings of this first report of the clinical treatment of foals with refractory hypotension support the use of AVP and NE.
Upregulated mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related gene A in colon and activated natural killer cells of Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: GE Liu Qing , JIANG Ting , ZHAO Jie , CHEN Zhi Tao , ZHOU Feng , XIA Bing 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To explore the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related gene A (MICA) and its ligand in colonic mucosa and the role of MICA‐natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) interaction in activating NK cells in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.METHODS:  Intestinal mucosal biopsies were obtained from patients with UC and the controls. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I‐related gene (MIC) genes was determined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and the imaging of MICA expressed on colonic mucosa was measured by confocal microscopy resonance scanning. NKG2D and intracellular interferon (IFN)‐γ expressions on NK cells were assayed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:  The relative amount of MICA mRNA in the colonic mucosa of UC patients was significantly higher than in that of the controls (3.5408 ± 2.6658 vs 1.0477 ± 0.7201, P = 0.001), as were the major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related gene B (MICB) (8.9879 ± 3.2893 vs 4.6293 ± 1.2616, P < 0.001) and NKG2D mRNA expression (2.4395 ± 0.8147 vs 1.1624 ± 0.3954, P < 0.001). Confocal microscopy resonance scanning had shown that MICA was localized predominantly on the basolateral membranes of the epithelium. Further flow cytometry confirmed that the percentage of IFN‐γ producer NK cells that expressed NKG2D in peripheral blood lymphocytes was higher in UC patients than in the healthy controls (45.36% ± 12.47% vs 27.45% ± 9.30%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:  MICA, MICB and NKG2D were upregulated in the colonic mucosa of UC and were associated with activating NK cells with promoted NKG2D and IFN‐γ production.
The Dose Proportionality of Telcagepant after Administration of Single Oral and Intravenous Doses in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Han Tae H. , Blanchard Rebecca L. , Palcza John , Martucci Ashley , Miller‐Stein Cynthia M. , Gutierrez Maria , Panebianco Deborah , Rippley Ronda K. , Lines Christopher , Murphy M. Gail 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIntroduction.  Telcagepant (MK‐0974) is a novel, orally active and selective CGRP receptor antagonist being investigated for acute treatment of migraine. Early clinical data suggested greater than dose proportional increases in exposure following oral administration. The aim of the present studies was to definitively characterize the oral and IV dose proportionality of telcagepant.Methods.  Healthy adult subjects were enrolled in two separate open‐label randomized dose proportionality studies: 1) single oral dose crossover from 50 to 600 mg (N = 19); 2) single IV dose parallel group from 5 to 250 mg (N = 10 per dose). Blood samples were collected at time points from 0 to 48 hours postdose.Results.  Telcagepant was rapidly absorbed with a Tmax of approximately 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The terminal half‐life was approximately 8 to 9 hours after IV dosing and approximately 4 to 7 hours after oral dosing. Oral administration of telcagepant resulted in greater than dose proportional increases in exposure, while IV administration resulted in approximately dose proportional increases in exposure.Conclusions.  Telcagepant was generally well tolerated. Oral telcagepant exhibits non‐linear pharmacokinetics.
Juvenile psammomatoid cemeto‐ossifying fibroma: Two cases
Authors: Seo Ja Hee , Han Doo Hee , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Park Sung‐Hye 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTJuvenile ossifying fibroma is a variant of ossifying fibroma, commonly involving sinunasal tract of children. It is an aggressive condition that leads to the destruction of adjacent structures. Distinction from other fibro‐osseous lesions is important. Juvenile ossifying fibroma has two histologic subtypes that are psammomatous and trabecular type. We present herein two cases of juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma occuring in a 22 month old and a 5 year old child, which arose in the bilateral maxillary sinuses and led to bulging of the cheek and nasal obstruction. The tumor in case 1 could not be completely excised due to its huge size and massive destruction of the bilateral maxilla. The tumor in case 2 was completely excised through staged operations. Tumors in both cases were diagnosed as juvenile pammomatoid cement‐ossifying fibroma by the histology. Here, we report two cases from Korea and describe psammomatoid morphology and how to differentiate it from other fibro‐osseous lesions.
Impact of a care pathway in acute pancreatitis: Table 1
Authors: McCallum Iain J D , Hicks Gareth J , Attwood Stephen , Seymour Keith 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that accurate process of care predicts quality of care. Few examples currently exist for process of care for the acute surgical patient. A recent region wide audit had identified good outcomes for patients with acute pancreatitis at our institution but aspects of care that could be improved.MethodsFor this re-audit, a simple written care pathway for the management of those presenting with acute pancreatitis was introduced in our institution from February to July 2009. The audit standards were set against the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of acute pancreatitis and were compared with the previous region wide audit.ResultsMarked improvements were noted in the rates of abdominal imaging achieved within 24 h of diagnosis (35.2% vs 47.7%), severity stratification within 48 h of diagnosis (28.7% vs 75%), critical care admission for those classified as severe (39.3% vs 63.6%) and definitive treatment during index admission (22.2% vs 38.5%). Survival rates were 100% for this audit cycle and 95% for all patients within the region wide audit. Despite these improvements, care still does not reach the standards set out by BSG.ConclusionPredefined processes of care may help to recognise those developing or likely to develop severe pancreatitis, ensure accurate documentation of severity, expedite critical care review and/or admission, and help to encourage the timely management of those with a treatable underlying cause of their pancreatitis.
Predicting what can go wrong at endoscopic ultrasound: a large series experience
Authors: Kalaitzakis Evangelos , Varytimiadis Konstantinos , Meenan John 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveAlthough prior studies have evaluated complications following endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), data on the incidence of unplanned events at EUS, defined as any deviation from the preprocedure plan, are lacking. The aim of this study was to define the incidence, nature, clinical predictors and implications of unplanned events at EUS.DesignCase control study.SettingTertiary referral centre.Patients4624 consecutive patients undergoing EUS during a 6 year period were enrolled. For each patient with an unplanned event, two patients with a successful EUS in the same calendar year were randomly selected as controls.Main outcome measurementsUnplanned events occurring prior to, during or after EUS procedures were prospectively recorded in a database.Results192/4624 patients had an unplanned event (4.1%). In all, 2.1% had a failed procedure for anatomical reasons, 1.3% because of restlessness despite standard sedation and 0.5% for technical reasons. Adverse events occurred in 0.2%. There was no mortality but 4/6 patients with adverse events had to be admitted to hospital (2/4 operated). Eighty-two per cent of patients with an unplanned event had incomplete examinations, 14% had no procedure performed and 4% had complete procedures. In a multivariate analysis, only Afro-Caribbean patient origin, inpatient procedure and cancer staging procedure were independently related to unplanned events (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionsUnplanned events at EUS are mainly due to anatomical reasons and restlessness, despite sedation. They commonly result in incomplete examination and are related to Afro-Caribbean origin, inpatient procedure and cancer staging.