bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the efficiency of fertiliser use in China
Authors: Jin Jiyun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResults of three nationwide fertiliser efficiency studies in recent history in China are reviewed. The results indicate that after a long history using organic recycling to maintain soil fertility in China, nitrogen (N) became the first yield‐limiting nutrient in the first national fertiliser efficiency study in 1935–1940. With N fertilisation being used, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies were gradually revealed and developed in the following national fertiliser efficiency studies in 1958–1962 and 1981–1983. Research conducted through the International Plant Nutrition (IPNI) cooperative network in China in 2000–2006 indicates that agronomic efficiencies of N fertiliser (yield increase per kilogram from the application of 1 kg N) for rice, wheat and maize are 11.7 kg, 10.8 kg and 12.2 kg grain per kilogram of N, respectively, while crop recovery efficiency of N (percentage of N taken up by plant in total N applied) with rice, wheat and maize were 24.8%, 35.7% and 30.5%, respectively. Both agronomic efficiency and crop recovery efficiency of N are significantly lower than the average N use efficiency reported in international literature for other countries. Current agronomic efficiency of P and K are also discussed. Measures to improve fertiliser use in China are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of three sHSP genes involved in heat pretreatment‐induced chilling tolerance in banana fruit
Authors: He Li‐hong , Chen Jian‐ye , Kuang Jian‐fei , Lu Wang‐jin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Banana fruit is highly susceptible to chilling injury. In previous research it was shown that heat pretreatment of banana fruit at 38 °C for 3 days before storage at a chilling temperature of 8 °C for 12 days prevented increases in visible chilling injury index, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and also decreases in lightness and chroma, indicating that heat pretreatment could effectively alleviate chilling injury of banana fruit. However, little is known about the role of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) in postharvest chilling tolerance of banana fruit. In the present study, three cytosolic sHSP expression profiles in peel and pulp tissues of banana fruit during heat pretreatment and subsequent chilled storage (8 °C) were investigated in relation to heat pretreatment‐induced chilling tolerance.RESULTS: Three full‐length cDNAs of cytosolic sHSP genes, including two class I sHSP (CI sHSP) and one class II sHSP (CII sHSP) cDNAs, named Ma‐CI sHSP1, Ma‐CI sHSP2 and Ma‐CII sHSP3 respectively, were isolated and characterised from harvested banana fruit. Accumulation of Ma‐CI sHSP1 mRNA transcripts in peel and pulp tissues and Ma‐CII sHSP3 mRNA transcripts in peel tissue increased during heat pretreatment. Expression of all three Ma‐sHSP genes in peel and pulp tissues was induced during subsequent chilled storage. Furthermore, Ma‐CI sHSP1 and Ma‐CII sHSP3 mRNA transcripts in pulp tissue and Ma‐CI sHSP2 mRNA transcripts in peel and pulp tissues were obviously enhanced by heat pretreatment at days 6 and 9 of subsequent chilled storage.CONCLUSION: These results suggested that heat pretreatment enhanced the expression of Ma‐sHSPs, which might be involved in heat pretreatment‐induced chilling tolerance of banana fruit. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Completeness of dictated operative reports in breast cancer—the case for synoptic reporting
Authors: Donahoe Laura , Bennett Sean , Temple Walley , Hilchie‐Pye Andrea , Dabbs Kelly , MacIntosh Ethel , Porter Geoff 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the dictated operative report forms the cornerstone of documenting breast cancer surgery. Synoptic electronic reporting using a standardized template has been proposed for breast cancer operative notes to improve documentation. The goal of this study was to determine the current completeness of dictated operative reports for breast cancer surgery.MethodsAn iterative, consensus‐based approach to determining elements of a proposed synoptic surgical operative report identified critical elements. We then evaluated the dictated operative reports of 100 consecutive breast cancer patients for completeness of these elements.ResultsDetails regarding presentation and diagnosis were frequently incomplete (84%). Among patients undergoing mastectomy, the potential for breast conservation was partially described in only 60%. Only 41% had data regarding intra‐operative margin assessment during breast conservation surgery. In axillary lymph node dissections, 92% of patients had complete data about preservation of nerves, yet only 14% of reports contained complete information regarding sentinel lymph node biopsy. Closure was partially described in 91%.ConclusionsThe dictated operative report for breast cancer surgery does not adequately capture important data. A synoptic reporting system, which requires documentation of important elements, is a potentially beneficial tool in breast cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:79–83. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long‐chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant
Authors: Wang Qing , Qiu Hongdeng , Han Haifeng , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCoupling of long‐chain ionic liquid (LCIL)‐based sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking (MSS) in CZE for anionic compounds was proposed. N‐Cetyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bromide (C16MPYBr) was used as a novel cationic surfactant. The capillary column was conditioned with poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium) bromide, a kind of polymeric ionic liquid, to obtain the anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF). There is a micellar solution (MS) zone which is prepared with C16MPYBr before the sample zone. The micelles penetrated into the sample zone, swept and transported the analytes toward the micelle to solvent boundary (MSSB). Meanwhile, a sufficient amount of methanol in the background solution (BGS) resulted in the reversal of effective electrophoretic mobility of analytes and completed the MSS. Under optimal conditions, good linearity (0.9988–0.9999) was obtained for model analytes in a wide linear range with limits of detection (LODs) from 0.025 to 0.25 mg/L. The intraday and interday repeatabilities (%RSD, n=5, 10) were acceptable in the range from 2.12 to 7.29%. 34 and 25 times increases in peak area sensitivity for benzoic acid (BA) and 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP) and 60 times increase in peak height sensitivity for 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) were obtained. The proposed method is applied to analyze two spiked environmental water samples obtaining satisfactory recoveries.
Systematic review of meaning in life assessment instruments
Authors: Brandstätter Monika , Baumann Urs , Borasio Gian Domenico , Fegg Martin Johannes 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe construct of “meaning in life” (MiL) has raised the interest of clinicians working in psycho‐oncology and end‐of‐life care. It has become a topic of scientific investigation where diverse assessment approaches have been applied. Aims: We present a comprehensive systematic review of existing MiL assessment instruments.MethodsElectronic searches of articles published in English peer‐reviewed journals were performed in Psycinfo, Medline, Embase and Cinahl. Instruments are appraised with regard to ten measurement properties.ResultsIn total, 59 nomothetic and idiographic MiL instruments were identified. Most instruments were developed in North America and meet basic psychometric criteria. They assess presence of and search for MiL, crisis and sources of MiL, meaning making, meaningful activity, MiL in the context of illness, breadth, depth, and other structural indicators. These aspects are largely consistent with existing MiL definitions. Nine out of 59 instruments included cancer populations in test development.ConclusionsThis overview of available instruments underscores the complexity of the construct and might assist researchers to select an appropriate instrument for their research needs. Finally, it points to the need for more integrative theorizing and research on MiL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fear of recurrence and disease progression in long‐term (≥5 years) cancer survivors—a systematic review of quantitative studies
Authors: Koch L. , Jansen L. , Brenner H. , Arndt V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing proportions of patients diagnosed with cancer will become long‐term survivors (≥5 years post‐diagnosis). However, survivors may continue to experience negative effects of cancer and/or treatment, including fear of recurrence (FoR). This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on FoR, including determinants and consequences in long‐term cancer survivors, and to outline methodological and conceptual challenges that should be addressed in future research.MethodsMultiple databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched to identify relevant articles. Seventeen articles were included. Data were extracted by two reviewers and summarized following a systematic scheme.ResultsEven years after initial diagnosis, cancer survivors suffer from FoR. Most studies report low or moderate mean FoR scores, suggesting that FoR is experienced in modest intensity by most survivors. Studies including long‐term and short‐term survivors indicate no significant change of FoR over time. Lower level of education, lower level of optimism, and being Hispanic or White/Caucasian were found to be associated with higher levels of FoR. Significant negative associations were reported between FoR and quality of life as well as psychosocial well‐being. All but three studies were conducted in the USA. General cut‐offs for severity/clinical significance have not been defined yet.ConclusionsFoR at modest intensity is experienced by most long‐term cancer survivors. Future studies should address determinants and consequences of FoR in more detail. Validated instruments providing cut‐offs for severity/clinical significance of FoR should be developed and utilized. Efficient interventions should be implemented to reduce detrimental effects of FoR. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency droop suppression in InGaN‐based blue LEDs: Experiment and numerical modelling
Authors: Zakheim D. A. , Pavluchenko A. S. , Bauman D. A. , Bulashevich K. A. , Khokhlev O. V. , Karpov S. Yu. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the results of experimental and theoretical study of a promising way for suppression of the efficiency droop with current in InGaN‐based light emitting diodes. Simulations carried out using a drift‐diffusion approach with quantum‐mechanical corrections clearly show that non‐radiative Auger recombination is the principal mechanism limiting the device performance at high‐injection level. New design of LED heterostructure with short‐period superlattice in the active region is proposed and assessed theoretically. Experimentally, the implementation of the structure design in high‐power devices has resulted in substantial suppression of the efficiency droop compared to conventional multiquantum‐well InGaN LEDs.
The multi‐iterative closest point tracker: An online algorithm for tracking multiple interacting targets
Authors: Feldman Adam , Hybinette Maria , Balch Tucker 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe describe and evaluate a greedy detection‐based algorithm for tracking a variable number of dynamic targets online. The algorithm leverages the well‐known iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm for aligning target models with target detections. The approach differs from trackers that seek globally optimal solutions because it treats the problem as a set of individual tracking problems. The method works for multiple targets by sequentially matching models to detections, and then removing detections from further consideration once models have been matched to them. This allows targets to pass close to one another with reduced risks of tracking failure due to “hijacking,'' or track merging. There has been significant previous work in this area, but we believe our approach addresses a number of tracking problems simultaneously that have only been addressed separately before. The algorithm is evaluated using four to eight laser range finders in three settings: quantitatively for a basketball game with 10 people and a 25‐person social behavior experiment, and qualitatively for a full‐scale soccer game. We also provide qualitative results using video to track ants in a captive habitat. During all the experiments, agents enter and leave the scene, so the number of targets to track varies with time. With eight laser range finders running, the system can locate and track targets at sensor frame rate 37.5 Hz on commodity computing hardware. Our evaluation shows that the tracking system correctly detects each track over 98% of the time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the realization of fuzzy identity‐based identification scheme using fingerprint biometrics
Authors: Tan Syh‐Yuan , Jin Zhe , Teoh Andrew Beng Jin , Goi Bok‐Min , Heng Swee‐Huay 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFuzzy identity‐based identification (FIBI) scheme is a recently proposed cryptographic identification protocol. The scheme utilizes user biometric trait as public keys. The authentication is deemed success in the presence of the genuine query biometric together with the valid private key. Because of the fuzziness nature of biometrics, FIBI does not correct the errors on the query biometric with respect to the public key; instead, it tolerates the errors using Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Therefore, FIBI requires the biometric trait to be represented in a discrete (binary or integer) array that is fixed in length. In this paper, we report the first realization of FIBI scheme by means of fingerprint biometrics using minutia representation where our technique integrates the security features of both biometric and cryptography effectively. The simulation shows that the entire protocol can be completed within 1 s where false acceptance rate (FAR) = 0% and false reject rate (FRR) = 0.25% in FVC2002 DB1, and FAR = 0% and FRR = 0.125% in FVC2002 DB2. Our integration technique may also be applied on other fuzzy identity‐based cryptosystems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of a novel dot matrix fuel cell using an inorganic micro‐proton conductor
Authors: Nagata Akiyoshi , Nishikado Muneki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe power generation properties of a novel dot matrix fuel cell using an inorganic micro‐proton conductor were evaluated in dry gas mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen during room‐temperature operation. The single dot matrix fuel cell was composed of aggregates of micro‐electrolyte dots filling pores arranged in a matrix form on a Teflon or polyimide substrate with Pt/C and Pt catalytic electrodes. Micro‐electrolyte dots were prepared by the sol–gel method using titanium phosphorus oxides as the proton conductive hybrid materials. The open‐circuit voltage of the single cell became higher when using a small dot diameter and achieved a maximum of 500 mV with an electrolyte dot density of 17 dots/cm2 in the dry gas mixtures during room‐temperature operation. This value corresponds to about one‐half of the theoretical electromotive force. Moreover, the current density of the single cell increased with the dot diameter such that it grew to 8 mA/cm2 at a dot diameter of 500 µm. As a result, dot matrix fuel cells connected in series and parallel were found to achieve the cell performance of high‐energy density such as used by high‐energy microchips. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Timing of butterfly parasitization of a plant–ant–scale symbiosis
Authors: Ueda Shouhei , Okubo Tadahiro , Itioka Takao , Shimizu‐kaya Usun , Yago Masaya , Inui Yoko , Itino Takao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the Southeast Asian tropics, Arhopala lycaenid butterflies feed on Macaranga ant‐plants inhabited by Crematogaster (subgenus Decacrema) ants tending Coccus‐scale insects. A recent phylogenetic study showed that (1) the plants and ants have been codiversifying for the past 20–16 million years (Myr), and that (2) the tripartite symbiosis was formed 9–7 Myr ago, when the scale insects became involved in the plant–ant mutualism. To determine when the lycaenids first parasitized the Macaranga tripartite symbiosis, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the lycaenids that feed on Macaranga by using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and estimated their divergence times based on the cytochrome oxidase I molecular clock. The minimum age of the lycaenids was estimated by the time‐calibrated phylogeny to be 2.05 Myr, about one‐tenth the age of the plant–ant association, suggesting that the lycaenids are latecomers that associated themselves with the pre‐existing symbiosis of plant, ant, and scale insects.
Heat transfer by rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: King E. M. , Stellmach S. , Aurnou J. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTurbulent, rapidly rotating convection has been of interest for decades, yet there exists no generally accepted scaling law for heat transfer behaviour in this system. Here, we develop an exact scaling law for heat transfer by geostrophic convection, $\mathit{Nu}= \mathop{ (\mathit{Ra}/ {\mathit{Ra}}_{c} )}\nolimits ^{3} = 0. 0023\hspace{0.167em} {\mathit{Ra}}^{3} {E}^{4} $, by considering the stability of the thermal boundary layers, where $\mathit{Nu}$, $\mathit{Ra}$ and $E$ are the Nusselt, Rayleigh and Ekman numbers, respectively, and ${\mathit{Ra}}_{c} $ is the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection. Furthermore, we use the scaling behaviour of the thermal and Ekman boundary layer thicknesses to quantify the necessary conditions for geostrophic convection: $\mathit{Ra}\lesssim {E}^{\ensuremath{-} 3/ 2} $. Interestingly, the predictions of both heat flux and regime transition do not depend on the total height of the fluid layer. We test these scaling arguments with data from laboratory and numerical experiments. Adequate agreement is found between theory and experiment, although there is a paucity of convection data for low $\mathit{Ra}\hspace{0.167em} {E}^{3/ 2} $.
‘THE COLOR OF THE PUPILS’: SCHOOLING AND RACE IN SENEGAL'S CITIES, 1900–10
Authors: BRYANT KELLY DUKE 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis article explores the politics of race and education in early twentieth-century urban Senegal, focusing on the exclusion of African students from certain schools and on the political controversy that grew out of a 1909 education reform. Based on letters from officials, politicians, and African residents, along with minutes from the General Council, it suggests that changes in urban society and colonial policy encouraged people to view access to schooling in terms of race. This article argues that in debating segregation and education quality, residents contributed to a discourse on race that reflected an increasing racial consciousness in the society at large.
Serum ferritin levels associated with increased risk for developing CHD in a low-income urban population
Authors: Olesnevich Meghan E , Kuczmarski Marie Fanelli , Mason Marc , Fang Chengshun , Zonderman Alan B , Evans Michele K 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the association of serum ferritin with CHD risk using the Framingham Heart Study's 10-year risk algorithm.DesignOrdinal logistic regression modelling was used to interpret risk. Proportional odds modelling assessed four divisions of ranked CHD risk (4, high; 3, increased; 2, slight; 1, minimal), separately by sex.SettingBaltimore, MD, USA.SubjectsAfrican-American and white participants (n 1823) from baseline of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, aged 30–64 years.ResultsFor men, there was a 0·5 % increase in risk for every 10-unit rise in serum ferritin (pmol/l). Other significant predictors included increased BMI, white race, unemployment and C-reactive protein ≥9·5 mg/l. For women, there was a 5·1 % increase in risk per 10-unit rise in serum ferritin (pmol/l). Other significant predictors included increased BMI, lower education, unemployment and C-reactive protein ≥9·5 mg/l.ConclusionsSerum ferritin is a significant predictor of 10-year hard CHD risk for HANDLS study participants, a low-income, urban population. Serum ferritin, independent of elevated C-reactive protein, was associated with increased 10-year CHD risk for HANDLS participants. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence of the role of serum ferritin as a risk factor for hard CHD in African-American and white postmenopausal women in the USA. Future research on cardiovascular events from this prospective study may confirm the association.
Effect on risk of anencephaly of gene–nutrient interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and maternal folate, vitamin B12and homocysteine profile
Authors: Lacasaña Marina , Blanco-Muñoz Julia , Borja-Aburto Victor H , Aguilar-Garduño Clemente , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Sierra-Ramirez José A , Galaviz-Hernandez Carlos , Gonzalez-Alzaga Beatriz , Garcia-Cavazos Ricardo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects on anencephaly risk of the interaction between the maternal profile of folate, vitamin B12and homocysteine and the 677C→T polymorphism in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).DesignCase–control study paired (1:1) on maternity clinic, date of birth and state of residence. Cases of anencephaly were identified using the Registry of the Mexican Neural Tube Defect Epidemiological Surveillance System. Case and control mothers were selected from the same maternity departments. All mothers completed a structured questionnaire and blood samples were obtained to determine theMTHFR677C→T polymorphism and biochemical profile.SettingMexico, Puebla and Guerrero states, Mexico.SubjectsA total of 151 mothers of cases and controls were enrolled from March 2000 to February 2001. We had complete information on biochemical profile andMTHFRC677T polymorphism for ninety-eight mothers of cases and ninety-one mothers of controls.ResultsThe adjusted models show that the risk of anencephaly in mothers with 677TT genotype was reduced by 18 % (OR = 0·82; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·94) for each 1 ng/ml increment in serum folate. In terms of tertiles, mothers with 677TT genotype with serum folate levels in the upper tertile (>14·1 ng/ml) had a 95 % lower risk to have a child with anencephaly than mothers with serum folate levels in the first and second tertiles (Ptrend = 0·012).ConclusionsOur data agree with the hypothesis of a gene–nutrient interaction betweenMTHFR677C→T polymorphism and folate status. We observed a protective effect on anencephaly risk only in mothers with 677TT genotype as serum folate levels increased.