bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacoside A downregulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Janani Panneerselvam , Sivakumari Kanakarajan , Geetha Arumugam , Yuvaraj Sambandam , Parthasarathy Chandrakesan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCancer metastasis is a complex multi‐step process, responsible for a majority of cancer‐related deaths by affecting the critical organs and causing complications in therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a multi‐factorial disease and is the third most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are involved in tumor invasion and metastases and their elevated expression has been associated with poor prognosis. Our recent studies showed a strong anti‐oxidant and hepatoprotective effects of bacoside A (BA) against carcinogen. Nevertheless the effect of BA on the activities and expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 during hepatocellular carcinoma is not yet recognized. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the same. Results of gelatin zymography study showed that BA co‐treatment significantly decreased the activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, which is increased during hepatocellular carcinoma. Further immunoblot analysis showed decreased expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in rats co‐treated with BA compared to DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results reveal that BA exerts its anti‐metastatic effect against DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the activities and expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nanotube and Gold‐Based Materials: A Symbiosis
Authors: Singh Rajpal , Premkumar Thathan , Shin Ji‐Young , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCarbon nanotubes constitute a novel class of nanomaterials with potential applications in many areas. The attachment of metal nanoparticles to carbon nanotubes is new way to obtain novel hybrid materials with interesting properties for various applications such as catalysts and gas sensors as well as electronic and magnetic devices. Their unique properties such as excellent electronic properties, a good chemical stability, and a large surface area make carbon nanotubes very useful as a support for gold nanoparticles in many potential applications, ranging from advanced catalytic systems through very sensitive electrochemical sensors and biosensors to highly efficient fuel cells. Here we give an overview on the recent progress in this area by exploring the various synthesis approaches and types of assemblies, in which nanotubes can be decorated with gold nanoparticles and explore the diverse applications of the resulting composites.
The Structure of a Novel Neutral Lipid A from the Lipopolysaccharide of Bradyrhizobium elkanii Containing Three Mannose Units in the Backbone
Authors: Komaniecka Iwona , Choma Adam , Lindner Buko , Holst Otto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe chemical structure of the lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76 (a member of the group of slow‐growing rhizobia) has been established. It differed considerably from lipids A of other Gram‐negative bacteria, in that it completely lacks negatively charged groups (phosphate or uronic acid residues); the glucosamine (GlcpN) disaccharide backbone is replaced by one consisting of 2,3‐dideoxy‐2,3‐diamino‐D‐glucopyranose (GlcpN3N) and it contains two long‐chain fatty acids, which is unusual among rhizobia. The GlcpN3N disaccharide was further substituted by three D‐mannopyranose (D‐Manp) residues, together forming a pentasaccharide. To establish the structural details of this molecule, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, chemical composition analyses and high‐resolution mass spectrometry methods (electrospray ionisation Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)) were applied. By using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy experiments, it was confirmed that one D‐Manp was linked to C‐1 of the reducing GlcpN3N and an α‐(1→6)‐linked D‐Manp disaccharide was located at C‐4′ of the non‐reducing GlcpN3N (α‐linkage). Fatty acid analysis identified 12:0(3‐OH) and 14:0(3‐OH), which were amide‐linked to GlcpN3N. Other lipid A constituents were long (ω‐1)‐hydroxylated fatty acids with 26–33 carbon atoms, as well as their oxo forms (28:0(27‐oxo) and 30:0(29‐oxo)). The 28:0(27‐OH) was the most abundant acyl residue. As confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry techniques, these long‐chain fatty acids created two acyloxyacyl residues with the 3‐hydroxy fatty acids. Thus, lipid A from B. elkanii comprised six acyl residues. It was also shown that one of the acyloxyacyl residues could be further acylated by 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (linked to the (ω‐1)‐hydroxy group).
Session‐based end‐to‐end policy control in 3GPP evolved packet system
Authors: Good Richard , de Gouveia Fabricio Carvalho , Ventura Neco , Magedanz Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Third Generation Partnership Project specifies a solution to handle the heterogeneity of future networks, including quality of service (QoS) and charging aspects. This solution utilizes a policy‐based approach based on the policy and charging control (PCC) architecture, which is an integral component of the evolved packet system (EPS). The specifications for EPS are being finalized with the evolved packet core (EPC) central to this framework. The EPC is a simplified, flat, all IP‐based architecture that supports mobility between heterogeneous access networks and incorporates an evolved QoS concept based on the PCC framework. A critical open issue within EPS is the provisioning of end‐to‐end QoS enabled paths. This article proposes enhancements to the EPC/PCC framework that extend the end‐to‐end inter‐domain mechanisms to discover the signaling routes at the service control layer, and use this information to determine the paths traversed by the media at the resource control layer. Because the approach operates at these layers, it is compatible with existing transport networks and exploits already existing QoS control mechanisms. A real testbed implementation, comprising free and open source software, is used to evaluate the proposed mechanisms. The obtained results show that the framework has an acceptable effect on session setup delay and core traffic overhead in a range of scenario ranging from simple, to typical, to worst case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implementation and performance evaluation of kernel‐level RTP supporting the BSD socket API
Authors: Park Sang Oh , Choi Mun Seon , Kim Sung Jo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRTP (Real‐time Transport Protocol) has been designed for efficient transmission of real‐time multimedia data on the Internet by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Different applications tend to implement separate RTPs as a library. In order to resolve this problem,embeddedRTPwas proposed as an RTP‐based kernel‐level protocol. This paper proposes theExtendedERTPprotocol based on theembeddedRTPprotocol. This new protocol deals with a couple of issues, such as packet processing overhead and buffer requirement, and combines its Application Programming Interface (API) with Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) socket's which have been widely utilized in network applications. This paper demonstrates that this integration makes it possible to transmit real‐time multimedia data through the existing interface of BSD socket API with nominal extra overhead. This paper also shows that the time and memory requirement for packet processing can be reduced by about 15–20% and by 3.5%, respectively, compared with those ofembeddedRTP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Icosahedral Ga‐Centred Nickel Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis and Characterization of [H3–nNi12 (μ12‐Ga)(CO)22]n– (n = 2, 3) and [Ni14.3(μ12‐Ga)(CO)24.3]3– Anions
Authors: Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Zacchini Stefano 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe reaction of [Ni5(CO)12]2– or [Ni6(CO)12]2– with GaCl3 in dichloromethane under a nitrogen atmosphere affords a mixture of [Ni12+x(μ12‐Ga)(CO)22+x]3– (x = 0–3) clusters. Short exposure of the above mixture to a carbon monoxide atmosphere leads to the green icosahedral [Ni12(μ12‐Ga)(CO)22]3– trianion, which was isolated and characterized as its [NnBu4]+ salt. In contrast, crystallization of the above mixture in the presence of Ni(CO)4 enabled isolation of a cocrystallized mixture of [Ni14(μ12‐Ga)(CO)24]3– (70 %) and [Ni15(μ12‐Ga)(CO)25]3– (30 %). As inferable from its structure, the additional three Ni(CO) moieties condense onto interlayer faces of the icosahedron. Protonation of [Ni12(μ12‐Ga)(CO)22]3– affords the corresponding [HNi12(μ12‐Ga)(CO)22]2– hydride derivative, which was isolated in a pure state and fully characterized. All of the above compounds conform to the cluster‐borane analogy, by the inclusion principle, and none exhibits relevant redox behaviour.
Niobate and Tantalate Pyrochlores: Soft Synthesis by the Fluoride Route
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Siidra Oleg I. , Lotnyk Andriy , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of pyrochlores A(Nb,Ta)2(O,OH,F)6(nH2O), (A = NH4, K, Rb, Cs) have been synthesized by hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of oxofluoroniobic (H2NbOF5) and fluorotantalic (H2TaF7) acids. This new method allows preparation of nanocrystalline niobate pyrochlores (crystal size 10–20 nm) by simple precipitation with subsequent boiling; tantalate analogues can be obtained by soft hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized compounds include new pyrochlores NH4Nb2O5(OH,F), NH4Ta2O5(OH,F)·nH2O and K1–xNb2(O,OH)5F·nH2O as well as the already known CsNb2O5F, Rb1–xNb2(O,OH)5F, CsTa2O5F and their hydroxyl analogues. Ion‐exchange experiments revealed that K0.7Nb2(O,OH)5F·nH2O exhibits strong selective uptake of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions, a feature not previously reported for pyrochlores. The facilitating role of fluoride ions in the synthesis of pyrochlores is discussed in comparison with zeolite synthesis, and the technological applicability of the new method is also presented in the paper.
Reaction of a Stable Conjugated Primary Enamine with Piers' Borane
Authors: Peuser Ilona , Fröhlich Roland , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTreatment of 1,6‐diamino‐1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (3) with 2 mol‐equiv. of HB(C6F5)2results in tautomerization of the stable primary enamine to its bis(imine) tautomer, which is stabilized by twofold imine/borane Lewis base/Lewis acid adduct formation to yield an 11:6:1 mixture ofE,E‐5,E,Z‐5andZ,Z‐5. Within several hours at room temperature, these systems undergo subsequent hydroboration of the central remaining C=C double bond followed by internal imine–alkylborane coordination to yield the six‐membered N,B heterocycle6featuring a pendant –CH2–C(Ph)=NH[B(H)(C6F5)2] group. Compound6was characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis of Fullerene‐Stoppered Rotaxanes Bearing Ferrocene Groups on the Macrocycle
Authors: Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Prato Maurizio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe synthesis, characterisation and behaviour of a series of rotaxanes containing a fulleropyrrolidine stopper and two ferrocene moieties on the macrocycle is reported. Remarkably, the presence of large and bulky ferrocene groups does not interfere either in the synthesis or in the translocation of the macrocycle induced by π–π interactions between the macrocycle and the fullerene. The synthetic routes developed can also be applied to the preparation of rotaxane scaffolds that can be complexed to [Ru(CO)TPP] by axial coordination. Overall, the synthetic routes presented herein provide an efficient way to prepare a variety of rotaxanes and molecular shuttles with potential applications in different fields.
Shear‐rate‐dependent strength control on the dynamics of rainfall‐triggered landslides, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Wang Gonghui , Suemine Akira , Schulz William H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA typhoon (Typhoon No. 10) attacked Shikoku Island and the Tyugoku area of Japan in 2004. This typhoon produced a new daily precipitation record of 1317 mm on Shikoku Island and triggered hundreds of landslides in Tokushima Prefecture. One catastrophic landslide was triggered in the Shiraishi area of Kisawa village, and destroyed more than 10 houses while also leaving an unstable block high on the slope. The unstable block kept moving after the event, showing accelerating and decelerating movement during and after rainfall and reaching a displacement of several meters before countermeasures were put into place. To examine the mechanism for this landsliding characteristic, samples (weathered serpentinite) were taken from the field, and their shear behaviours examined using ring shear tests. The test results revealed that the residual shear strength of the samples is positively dependent on the shear rate, which may provide an explanation for the continuous accelerating–decelerating process of the landsliding. The roughness of the shear surface and the microstructure of the shear zone were measured and observed by laser microscope and SEM techniques in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of shear rate effect on the residual shear strength. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of agriculture on solute and suspended sediment load on a Mediterranean watershed after intense rainstorms
Authors: Outeiro Luís , Úbeda Xavier , Farguell Joaquim 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe solute and suspended‐sediment load following five rainstorms (2005–2007) with varied intensities were studied at the Vernegà experimental watershed, north‐western Spain. Two land‐use areas are located within this watershed, the upstream one (forest) with 160 ha a 100% forested area, and the downstream one (agricultural) with 97 ha being 9 ha conventional agricultural field and 88 ha forest. This study investigates the capacity of each land‐use to yield water, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and dissolved solid concentration (DSC). The hypothesis is that DSC and SSC from the agricultural area are greater than DSC and SSC of the forest area. Results showed that the agriculture area produced significantly greater mean DSC than in the forest area, the main contribution was the Ca2+ (24·68 ± 46·52 mg l−1) ion at the agricultural area. A long‐term sediment production rate at the agricultural outlet was calculated (69·1 tonnes per 100 years) based on the total sediment discharge (TSD) and the recurrence interval of the largest event of the five rainstorms (October 2005). Geographic information system (GIS) spatial data layers of the watershed were produced to determine the relation of tracks, landforms, slopes and forest management to SSC yield in the forest outlet (133·89 ± 308·14 mg l−1) during the five rainstorms. Agriculture practices are the main cause of soil erosion at the study area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper Pleistocene‐Holocene geomorphic changes dictating sedimentation rates and historical land use in the valley system of the Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, northern China
Authors: Avni Y. , Zhang J. F. , Shelach G. , Zhou L. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study focuses on the late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Chifeng region of Inner Mongolia, China, its relations to the history of the Pleistocene‐Holocene loess accumulation, erosion and redeposition, and their impact on human occupation.Based on 57 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of loess sediments, fluvial sand and floodplain deposits accumulated on the hill slopes and floodplains, we conclude that during most of the Pleistocene period the region was blanketed by a thick layer of aeolian loess, as well as by alluvial and fluvial deposits. The loess section is divided into two main units that are separated by unconformity. The OSL ages at the top of the lower reddish loess unit yielded an approximate age of 193 ka, roughly corresponding to the transition from MIS 7 to 6, though they could be older. The upper gray loess unit accumulated during the upper Pleistocene glacial phase (MIS 4–3) at a mean accumulation rate of 0·22 m/ka. Parallel to the loess accumulation on top of the hilly topography, active fans were operating during MIS 4–2 at the outlet of large gullies surrounding the major valley at a mean accumulation rate of 0·24 m/ka. This co‐accumulation indicates that gullies have been a long‐term geomorphic feature at the margins of the Gobi Desert since at least the middle Pleistocene. During the Holocene, the erosion of the Pleistocene loess on the hills led to the burial of the valley floors by the redeposited sediments at a rate that decreases from 3·2 m/ka near the hills to 1–0·4 m/ka1in the central part of the Chifeng Valley. This rapid accumulation and the frequent shifts of the courses of the river prevented the construction of permanent settlements in the valley floors, a situation which changed only with improved man‐made control of the local rivers from the tenth century AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity of six Portuguese thyme species essential oils
Authors: Dandlen S. Anahi , Lima A. Sofia , Mendes Marta D. , Miguel M. Graça , Faleiro M. Leonor , Sousa M. João , Pedro Luis G. , Barroso José G. , Figueiredo A. Cristina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe essential oils of Thymus caespititius, T. camphoratus, T. capitellatus, T. carnosus, T. pulegioides, T. zygis subsp. zygis and T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal, including the Azores islands, were evaluated for preventing lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals, and hydroxyl and superoxide anions. T. zygis subsp. zygis oil possessed the best capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.003 mg/ml), immediately followed by the oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal. IC50 values ranged from 0.066 ± 0.003 to 0.087 ± 0.001 mg/ml in oils isolated from samples from Alcanena and Duas Igrejas, respectively. The oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris, independent of the harvesting region, were shown to be the most effective for scavenging free radicals (0.358–0.453 mg/ml). The best capacity for scavenging hydroxyl radicals was found in the oils of T. camphoratus collected in Espartal and of T. caespititius of Lordelo, with IC50 < 0.5 mg/ml. The low oil amount did not allow IC50 values for the superoxide anion scavenging determination, therefore considering a unique oil concentration (5 mg/ml), the highest inhibition percentages (?50%) were registered with the essential oils of T. zygis subsp. sylvestris from Duas Igrejas and Covão do Coelho, and of T. capitellatus from Sines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable selection in STAR models with neighbourhood effects using genetic algorithms
Authors: Alberto Isolina , Beamonte Asunción , Gargallo Pilar , Mateo Pedro M. , Salvador Manuel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the problem of variable selection in spatiotemporal autoregressive (STAR) models with neighbourhood effects. We propose a procedure to carry out the selection process, taking into account the uncertainty associated with estimation of the parameters and the predictive behaviour of the compared models, in order to give more realism to the analysis. We set up a multi‐objective programming problem that combines the use of different criteria to measure both these aspects. We use genetic algorithms which are very flexible and suitable for our multicriteria decision problem. In particular, the procedure allows us to estimate the number of spatial and temporal nearest neighbours as well as their relative effects. The methodology is illustrated through an application to the real estate market of Zaragoza. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.
Do professional forecasters believe in the Phillips curve? evidence from the G7 countries
Authors: Fendel Ralf , Lis Eliza M. , Rülke Jan‐Christoph 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper uses monthly survey data for the G7 countries for the time period 1989–2007 to explore the link between expectations on nominal wages, prices and unemployment rates as suggested by the wage and price Phillips curves. Four major findings stand out. First, we find that survey participants trust in both types of Phillips curve relationships. Second, we find evidence in favor of nonlinearities in the price Phillips curve. Third, we take into account a kink in the price Phillips curve to indicate that the slope of the Phillips curve differs during the business cycle. We find strong evidence of this feature in the data which confirms recent theoretical discussions. Fourth, we employ our data to the expectations‐augmented Phillips curve model. The results suggest that professional forecasters adopt this model when forecasting macroeconomic variables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screen and clean: a tool for identifying interactions in genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Wu Jing , Devlin Bernie , Ringquist Steven , Trucco Massimo , Roeder Kathryn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpistasis could be an important source of risk for disease. How interacting loci might be discovered is an open question for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Most researchers limit their statistical analyses to testing individual pairwise interactions (i.e., marginal tests for association). A more effective means of identifying important predictors is to fit models that include many predictors simultaneously (i.e., higher‐dimensional models). We explore a procedure called screen and clean (SC) for identifying liability loci, including interactions, by using the lasso procedure, which is a model selection tool for high‐dimensional regression. We approach the problem by using a varying dictionary consisting of terms to include in the model. In the first step the lasso dictionary includes only main effects. The most promising single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are identified using a screening procedure. Next the lasso dictionary is adjusted to include these main effects and the corresponding interaction terms. Again, promising terms are identified using lasso screening. Then significant terms are identified through the cleaning process. Implementation of SC for GWAS requires algorithms to explore the complex model space induced by the many SNPs genotyped and their interactions. We propose and explore a set of algorithms and find that SC successfully controls Type I error while yielding good power to identify risk loci and their interactions. When the method is applied to data obtained from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study of Type 1 Diabetes it uncovers evidence supporting interaction within the HLA class II region as well as within Chromosome 12q24.Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 275–285, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.