bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is systemic inflammation a missing link between cardiometabolic index with mortality? Evidence from a large population-based study
Authors: Xu Bin , Wu Qian , La Rui , Lu Lingchen , Abdu Fuad A. , Yin Guoqing , Zhang Wen , Ding Wenquan , Ling Yicheng , He Zhiyuan , Che Wenliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study sought to elucidate the associations of cardiometabolic index (CMI), as a metabolism-related index, with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the older population. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we further explored the potential mediating effect of inflammation within these associations.

Methods
A cohort of 3029 participants aged over 65 years old, spanning six NHANES cycles from 2005 to 2016, was enrolled and assessed. The primary endpoints of the study included all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality utilizing data from National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Cox regression model and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess the associations of CMI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The mediating effect of inflammation-related indicators including leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism of the associations between CMI and mortality through mediation package in R 4.2.2.

Results
The mean CMI among the enrolled participants was 0.74±0.66, with an average age of 73.28±5.50 years. After an average follow-up period of 89.20 months, there were 1,015 instances of all-cause deaths and 348 cardiovascular deaths documented. In the multivariable-adjusted model, CMI was positively related to all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.11, 95% CI=1.01-1.21). Mediation analysis indicated that leukocytes and neutrophils mediated 6.6% and 13.9% of the association of CMI with all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
Elevated CMI is positively associated with all-cause mortality in the older adults. The association appeared to be partially mediated through inflammatory pathways, indicating that CMI may serve as a valuable indicator for poor prognosis among the older population.
LncRNA PGM5-AS1 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression by targeting miRNA-423-5p/SLIT2 axis
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Ye Jun , Dang Yuxue , Xu Shun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common and aggressive primary malignancy worldwide. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been shown to play an essential regulatory role in multiple cancers. However, the role of PGM5-AS1 in NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we found that PGM5-AS1 was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Furthermore, reduced PGM5-AS1 expression levels were associated with larger tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and worse prognosis. We found that overexpression of PGM5-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, and induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cell lines. Using dual luciferase gene reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays, we confirmed that miR-423-5p interacted with PGM5-AS1, and that their expression levels were negatively correlated in NSCLC tissues. miR-423-5p was also found to reverse PGM5-AS1-induced malignant biological behavior. Moreover, we identified slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2) as a target gene of miR-423-5p. Using a dual luciferase gene reporter assay, we confirmed the regulatory relationship between SLIT2 and miR-423-5p and demonstrated that their expression levels were negatively correlated. Our rescue experiments showed that SLIT2 knockdown reversed miR-423-5p-mediated effects. Overall, this study identifies PGM5-AS1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC and shows that PGM5-AS1 suppresses NSCLC development by regulating the miR-423-5p/SLIT2 axis.
Novel hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related molecular subtyping and prognostic signature for colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang An , Sun Zhuang , Hong Haopeng , Yang Yong , Chen Jiajia , Gao Zhaoya , Gu Jin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health burden because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. Hypoxia and massive lactate production are hallmarks of the CRC microenvironment. However, the effects of hypoxia and lactate metabolism on CRC have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to develop a novel molecular subtyping based on hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) and lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) and construct a signature to predict the prognosis of patients with CRC and treatment efficacy.

Methods
Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing and clinical data of CRC were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO databases. HRGs and LMRGs were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database. The R software package DESeq2 was used to perform differential expression analysis. Molecular subtyping was performed using unsupervised clustering. A predictive signature was developed using univariate Cox regression, random forest model, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Finally, the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents before and after hypoxia was verified using in vitro experiments.

Results
We classified 575 patients with CRC into three molecular subtypes and were able to distinguish their prognoses clearly. The C1 subtype, which exhibits high levels of hypoxia, has a low proportion of CD8 + T cells and a high proportion of macrophages. The expression of immune checkpoint genes is generally elevated in C1 patients with severe immune dysfunction. Subsequently, we constructed a predictive model, the HLM score, which effectively predicts the prognosis of patients with CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy. The HLM score was validated in GSE39582, GSE106584, GSE17536, and IMvigor210 datasets. Patients with high HLM scores exhibit high infiltration of CD8 + exhausted T cells (Tex), especially terminal Tex, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)−Tex in the immune microenvironment. Finally, in vitro experiments confirmed that CRC cell lines were less sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion
We constructed novel hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related molecular subtypes and revealed their immunological and genetic characteristics. We also developed an HLM scoring system that could be used to predict the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with CRC.
Circ_0004851 regulates the molecular mechanism of miR-296-3p/FGF11 in the influence of high iodine on PTC
Authors: Li Jing-jing , Ru Zi-xuan , Yang Xu , Sun Jing-xue , Wu Yan-mei-zhi , Yang Xiao-yao , Hou Bo-yu , Xue Bing , Ding Chao , Qiao Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been rising in recent years. Despite its relatively low mortality, PTC frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes and often recurs, posing significant health and economic burdens. The role of iodine in the pathogenesis and advancement of thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized to function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that modulate gene expression and play a role in various cancer stages. Consequently, this research aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which circRNA influences the impact of iodine on PTC. Our research indicates that high iodine levels can exacerbate the malignancy of PTC via the circ_0004851/miR-296-3p/FGF11 axis. These insights into iodine’s biological role in PTC and the association of circRNA with the disease could pave the way for novel biomarkers and potentially effective therapeutic strategies to mitigate PTC progression.
Effect of brewer’s yeast or beta-glucan on breast milk supply following preterm birth: the BLOOM study – protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Rumbold Alice R. , Williams Lauren , Kam Renee L. , Ingman Wendy V. , Keir Amy , Martinello Kathryn A. , Amir Lisa H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Many individuals who experience preterm birth struggle with early breast milk supply, which can translate into suboptimal longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Further investigations into the potential role of early non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions in improving breast milk production soon after birth is growing. While natural galactagogues, such as brewer’s yeast, are widely perceived by women to be safer than pharmaceutical galactagogues and are taken by many women, evidence to support their efficacy is largely absent. The BLOOM study has been designed to determine the efficacy and safety of brewer’s yeast and beta-glucans, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when administered soon after birth for increasing early breast milk supply in mothers who have delivered preterm.

Methods
The BLOOM study is a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial that will assess if brewer’s yeast or beta-glucan can increase early breast milk production following preterm birth. Target population are mothers of preterm infants born at less than 34 weeks’ gestation who intend to provide breast milk for their infant, are less than 72 h following birth and able to give informed consent. Participants will be randomly allocated into three parallel groups at 1:1:1 ratio (n = 33 per group) to receive either brewer’s yeast, beta-glucan or placebo capsules for seven days. The primary outcome is total expressed breast milk volume over a 24-hour period on day 7 of intervention. Participants and their infants will be followed until the infant reaches term corrected age or is discharged home from the neonatal unit (whichever occurs first).

Discussion
The use of brewer’s yeast as a galactagogue to enhance milk production is extremely common amongst breastfeeding mothers, however, there are no trials evaluating its efficacy and safety. This will be the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two commonly used galactagogues, brewer’s yeast and beta-glucan, compared with placebo in improving maternal breast milk supply following preterm birth. The trial will also evaluate whether early intervention with galactagogues soon after a preterm birth improves longer-term breastfeeding outcomes.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000968774 (registered on 8 July 2022) and UTN U1111-1278-8827.
Field cabbage detection and positioning system based on improved YOLOv8n
Authors: Jiang Ping , Qi Aolin , Zhong Jiao , Luo Yahui , Hu Wenwu , Shi Yixin , Liu Tianyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Pesticide efficacy directly affects crop yield and quality, making targeted spraying a more environmentally friendly and effective method of pesticide application. Common targeted cabbage spraying methods often involve object detection networks. However, complex natural and lighting conditions pose challenges in the accurate detection and positioning of cabbage.

Results
In this study, a cabbage detection algorithm based on the YOLOv8n neural network (YOLOv8-cabbage) combined with a positioning system constructed using a Realsense depth camera is proposed. Initially, four of the currently available high-performance object detection models were compared, and YOLOv8n was selected as the transfer learning model for field cabbage detection. Data augmentation and expansion methods were applied to extensively train the model, a large kernel convolution method was proposed to improve the bottleneck section, the Swin transformer module was combined with the convolutional neural network (CNN) to expand the perceptual field of feature extraction and improve edge detection effectiveness, and a nonlocal attention mechanism was added to enhance feature extraction. Ablation experiments were conducted on the same dataset under the same experimental conditions, and the improved model increased the mean average precision (mAP) from 88.8% to 93.9%. Subsequently, depth maps and colour maps were aligned pixelwise to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the cabbages via coordinate system conversion. The positioning error of the three-dimensional coordinate cabbage identification and positioning system was (11.2 mm, 10.225 mm, 25.3 mm), which meets the usage requirements.

Conclusions
We have achieved accurate cabbage positioning. The object detection system proposed here can detect cabbage in real time in complex field environments, providing technical support for targeted spraying applications and positioning.
Acute response to the October 7th hostage release: rapid development and evaluation of the novel ReSPOND protocol implementation within a children’s hospital
Authors: de la Fontaine Naama , Silberg Tamar , Fegert Jörg M. , Tsafrir Shlomit , Weisman Hana , Rubin Noa , Ashkenazi Moshe , Nacasch Nitsa , Polliack Michael L. , Chen Wendy , Herman-Raz Meirav , Wachsberg-Lachmanovich Ronit , Pessach-Gelblum Liat , Ziv Amitai , Moshkovitz Anat , Shilo Noya , Frenkel-Nir Yael , Gothelf Doron , Pessach Itai M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The decision to allocate hospitals for the initial reception of hostages abducted on the October 7th Hamas attack introduced an array of unprecedented challenges. These challenges stemmed from a paucity of existing literature and protocols, lack of information regarding captivity conditions, and variability in hostage characteristics and circumstances.

Objective
To describe the rapid development, implementation and evaluation of the Hostage-ReSPOND protocol, a comprehensive trauma-informed procedure for the care of hostages, including young children, their caregivers and families, immediately following their release from prolonged captivity.

Methods
A multidisciplinary expert focus group conducted a comprehensive literature review to develop the ReSPOND protocol, consisting of: Readiness of teams via multifaceted trainings, utilizing live simulations and video debriefings; Specialized professional teams experienced in providing holistic trauma-informed care; Personalized care tailored to individualized and developmentally-informed needs; Optimal safety rooted in creating a secure environment and trauma-informed response to young children, adolescents, caregivers and families; and Navigating Discharge, through coordination with community-based care systems.

Results
A designated facility at the Children’s hospital was carefully prepared for receiving 29 hostages, aged 3.9–80 years, 28% under the age of 18. Implementation of the ReSPOND protocol, which prioritized holistic psychosocial interventions above urgent medical care, proved feasible and effective in managing the diverse and complex needs of returnees as per provider report. Finally, systemic assessment of returnee’s immediate and long-term mental health needs proved highly challenging.

Conclusions
There is currently no literature addressing the response to released hostages, especially those involving infants, young children and families within a children’s hospital facility. This study has the potential to fill a crucial gap in knowledge by introducing a novel protocol which could offer valuable insights for public health organizations tasked with providing acute care to diverse individuals and families experiencing extreme, multi-layered mass traumatization.
Changes in the hormonal and inflammatory profile of young sprint- and endurance-trained athletes following a sports camp: a nonrandomized pretest-posttest study
Authors: Ostapiuk-Karolczuk Joanna , Kasperska Anna , Dziewiecka Hanna , Cieślicka Mirosława , Zawadka-Kunikowska Monika , Zaleska-Posmyk Izabela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to compare catecholamine, cortisol, and immune response in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes under the same training, aiming to observe if their sport specialization affects these markers during a 9-day training camp.

Methods
The study involved twenty-four young male (age 15.7 ± 1.6 years) and female (age 15.1 ± 1,3 years) athletes specializing in sprint and endurance athletics discipline. Blood samples for all measured parameters were taken at rested baseline, on the 4th day, and on the 9th day of training.

Results
In both investigated groups a nonsignificant decrease in catecholamine levels was observed after 4 days of training, which remained stable throughout the camp. The cortisol level increased significantly in both athlete groups (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0491; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0159; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005). The level of hs-CRP (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0005; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005), and myoglobin (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0014; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0001; endurance: T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0005) have increased and of hs-CRP and myoglobin level was significantly higher in sprint compared to endurance athletes (p < 0.05). The leukocyte level significantly decreased until the end of camp in both groups (sprint: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0178; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0175; endurance: T-0 vs. T-1 p = 0.0362; T-0 vs. T-3 p = 0.0362).

Conclusions
The applied training loads had a strong physiological impact leading to changes in stress hormones and immune responses depending on athletes` sport specialization. Training loads caused stronger responses in sprint athletes. However, both groups showed signs of severe fatigue development.

Trial registry
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06150105, retrospectively registered on 29.11.2023.
Porta hepatis lymph nodes on US: not only identify biliary atresia but also predict outcomes after Kasai portoenterostomy surgery
Authors: Ye Fengying , Ling Wen , Wu Qiumei , Ma Hong , Huang Zhen , Fang Yifan , Lyu Guorong , Weng Zongjie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the usefulness of porta hepatis lymph nodes (PHLNs) on ultrasonography (US) scans in diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) and predicting the outcomes after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) surgery.

Methods
A total of 668 patients from one hospital were enrolled in the study (542 non-BA and 126 BA). The independent and combined diagnostic efficacy of PHLNs, triangular cord (TC) thickness, and gallbladder morphology were assessed by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and counting the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The US features, histopathological findings of PHLNs, and serum total bilirubin (TBIL) levels 3 months post-KPE were correlated.

Results
The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of PHLNs with hyperechogenicity and a maximum length larger than 8.4 mm were 0.898, 81.8%, 97.8%, 89.6%, and 95.8%, respectively. The combination of PHLNs, TC thickness, and gallbladder morphology achieved the best overall diagnostic efficacy among all indicators with an AUC of 0.927 and a sensitivity of 99.2%. The germinal center number and bile particle number of PHLNs were positively correlated with pathological size and US echogenicity intensity of PHLNs, respectively (r = 0.591, 0.377, p = 0.001, 0.004). The pathological size of PHLNs in BA patients was negatively correlated with jaundice clearance status 3 months after KPE surgery (r = −0.385, p = 0.047).

Conclusion
PHLNs with hyperechogenicity and a maximum length > 8.4 mm are useful US indicators for BA diagnosis. Additionally, the enlargement of PHLNs might play a role in predicting outcomes of KPE surgery.

Critical relevance statement
The article proposed for the first time that PHLNs with hyperechogenicity and a maximum length > 8.4 mm are a useful US indicator for diagnosing BA.

Key Points

PHLNs may be helpful in diagnosing BA and predicting outcomes after surgery.

Enlarged hyperechoic PHLNs are a useful diagnostic indicator for BA, and play a role in predicting surgical outcomes.

These findings can assist clinicians in more accurately diagnosing BA, enabling more timely treatments.

Graphical Abstract
Granuloma annulare and possible relation to purified protein derivative administration: a case report
Authors: Lee Ernest C. , Steffen Cheryl A. , Carroz Minnerva E. , Lee Christine L. , Lee Lysette A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Granuloma annulare is a noninfectious inflammatory granulomatous skin disease characterized by an erythematous or skin colored annulare plaque. The diagnosis of granuloma annulare may be challenging owing to its diverse morphology. In such cases, a correlation between the clinical findings and histologic findings are necessary.

Case presentation
We report a case of granuloma annulare after purified protein derivative administration. A 56-year-old Caucasian female patient complained of mildly pruritic rashes which started on both arms and lower extremities, and eventually spread to both thighs, the left popliteal region, left upper back, and the right abdominal area. About 6 weeks prior to the eruption of the rashes, the patient had been given a purified protein derivative tuberculin skin test. Biopsy specimens revealed dermal histiocytes palisading around areas of mucin and degenerated collagen, confirming granuloma annulare. After treatment with 0.1% topical triamcinolone acetanide and 500 mg oral metronidazole, the patient’s lesions resolved.

Discussion
Relatively little is known about granuloma annulare’s exact etiology. Granuloma annulare has four variations presenting as either localized, generalized, subcutaneous, or perforating and patch granuloma annulare. The clinical prognosis for granuloma annulare varies according to clinical subtypes. Proposed causal mechanisms of subcutaneous granuloma annulare include physical trauma, infections, immunizations, insect bites, diabetes mellitus, and alterations in the cell-mediated immune responses. The disease likely has an inflammatory component. Clinically, granuloma annulare may be confused with many other skin diseases.

Conclusion
This case of subcutaneous granuloma annulare was reported since it is a rare dermatologic pathological condition that can be confused with other skin rash disorders. Although it is a benign self-limited disease, definitive diagnosis is important to rule out other pathologies with similar clinical appearances, such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diagnostic confirmation is best made through skin biopsy.