bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking environmental processes to the in situ functioning of microorganisms by high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM)
Authors: Behrens Sebastian , Kappler Andreas , Obst Martin 
Published: March 2012

SummaryEnvironmental microbiology research increasingly focuses on the single microbial cell as the defining entity that drives environmental processes. The interactions of individual microbial cells with each other, the environment and with higher organisms shape microbial communities and control the functioning of whole ecosystems. A single‐cell view of microorganisms in their natural environment requires analytical tools that measure both cell function and chemical speciation at the submicrometre scale. Here we review the technical capabilities and limitations of high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and scanning transmission (soft) X‐ray microscopy (STXM) and give examples of their applications. Whereas NanoSIMS can be combined with isotope‐labelling, thereby localizing the distribution of cellular activities (e.g. carbon/nitrogen fixation/turnover), STXM provides information on the location and chemical speciation of metabolites and products of redox reactions. We propose the combined use of both techniques and discuss the technical challenges of their joint application. Both techniques have the potential to enhance our understanding of cellular mechanisms and activities that contribute to microbially mediated processes, such as the biogeochemical cycling of elements, the transformation of contaminants and the precipitation of mineral phases.
Lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence in a geriatric cohort – a population‐based analysis
Authors: Wehrberger Clemens , Madersbacher Stephan , Jungwirth Susanne , Fischer Peter , Tragl Karl‐Heinz 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Symptom prevalence (prospective cohort)Level of Evidence 1bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms increase with age and have a considerable negative influence on quality of life.As a result of demographic changes the proportion of octogenarians will increase in the next decades substantially, yet the literature on urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms of the oldest old is scant. This population‐based study of 85‐year‐old subjects sheds new light on this topic.OBJECTIVES
To assess prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract function in 85‐year‐old men and women.
Little is known on the prevalence of lower urinary tract dysfunction in this geriatric age group, which is now the fastest growing sector of the population worldwide.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The Vienna Trans‐Danube Aging study (VITA) is a longitudinal, population‐based study initiated in 2000 that included men/women aged 75 years living in a well‐defined area in Vienna.
The main purpose of the VITA study was to identify risk factors for incident Alzheimer's disease.
All study participants alive in 2010 were contacted by mail to complete a detailed questionnaire on various aspects of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence (UI).
RESULTS
The response rate was 68%, resulting in a total of 262 questionnaires available for analysis (men n= 96; women n= 166). All study participants were 85 years of age.
Urinary incontinence defined as any involuntary loss during the past 4 weeks was reported by 24% of men and 35% of women (P= 0.04). Stress UI was more frequent in women (39%) than in men (14%, P < 0.01), the difference for urge UI (women 35%, men 25%) was on the border of statistical significance (P= 0.05). Only four individuals (1.5%) needed permanent catheterization.
Urgency (women 56%, men 54%) and daytime frequency (women 70%, men 74%) were equally distributed (P > 0.05). Nocturia more often than twice was more prevalent in men (69%) than in women (49%) (P= 0.02). Overactive bladder, according to International Continence Society criteria, was present in 55% of women and 50% of men.
No difference regarding quality of life impairment as the result of LUTS and UI was noticed between sexes. A few co‐morbidities were identified to correlate with UI and storage symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These data provide insights into the prevalence and severity of LUTS and UI in individuals in their eighties, to our knowledge the largest population‐based study in this age group.
Demographic changes in upcoming decades underline the importance of a thorough understanding of lower urinary tract dysfunction in a geriatric population.
Rebuilding global fisheries: the World Summit Goal, costs and benefits
Authors: Ye Yimin , Cochrane Kevern , Bianchi Gabriella , Willmann Rolf , Majkowski Jacek , Tandstad Merete , Carocci Fabio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany of the world’s fish stocks are depleted as a result of overexploitation, pollution and habitat loss. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) sets a target for fisheries to maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) by 2015. We assessed the global stock status and found that 68% were at or above the MSY level in 2008 and that the 2015 target is unlikely to be met. We compiled data for eight indicators to evaluate the sustainability of fisheries and the gap to meet the WSSD target. These indicators show that the overall condition of global fisheries is declining, long‐term benefits are being compromised, and pressures on fisheries are increasing despite fisheries policy and management actions being taken by coastal States. We develop a bio‐economic model to estimate the costs and benefits of restoring overfished stocks. Our results show that the global fishing capacity needs to be cut by 36–43% from the 2008 level, resulting in the loss of employment of 12–15 million fishers and costing US$96–358 billion for buybacks. On the other hand, meeting the WSSD goal will increase annual fishery production by 16.5 million tonnes, annual rent by US$32 billion and improve biodiversity and functioning of marine ecosystems. However, progress towards rebuilding has been hindered by an unwillingness or inability to accept the short‐term socio‐economic consequences associated with rebuilding fisheries. Thus, there is a pressing need for integration of rebuilding plans into national political and economic decision‐making.
Value versus growth: Australian evidence
Authors: Gharghori Philip , Stryjkowski Sebastian , Veeraraghavan Madhu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe value‐growth effect is one of the most pervasive patterns in stock prices. In this study, the ability of four proxies for value‐growth, book‐to‐market, sales‐to‐price, earnings‐to‐price and cash‐flow‐to‐price to explain equity returns is analysed. The findings show that in aggregate, book‐to‐market best explains cross‐sectional variation in Australian equity returns, which in isolation suggests that it is the superior proxy for value‐growth. The analysis is taken further and the value‐growth effect is examined separately in positive and negative earnings firms. After segregating firms, it is found that in the negative earnings sample, book‐to‐market is the best value‐growth proxy and in the positive earnings sample, cash‐flow‐to‐price has the highest level of significance and is thus the superior value‐growth proxy. The economic significance of this result is telling, as the firms that report positive earnings are much larger than those that report negative earnings.
The Twofold Life of the Word: Karl Barth's Critical Reception of the Extra Calvinisticum
Authors: Sumner Darren O. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThough the extra Calvinisticum has played an historically important role for Christology, the doctrine has been criticized not only by Lutherans and modern Christologies ‘from below’ but by some Reformed thinkers as well. This article examines the place of the extra in dogmatic thinking about the incarnation: specifically, Karl Barth's critical response to his own tradition. After examining the differences between Lutheran and Reformed construals of the relationship of the Logos asarkos to the Logos ensarkos I take up Barth's views on the extra, which over the course of his career moved from enthusiastic affirmation to a sharp critique. Finally, I suggest that Barth's mature Christology retains the best of both Protestant positions by correcting a critical inconsistency in Reformed thought. He does not reject the doctrine of the Logos asarkos, but he does suggest a way in which this is related to the life of the Logos ensarkos that marginalizes the former. Barth is right not to discard the extra, but also that it has been misused in how it is deployed in dogmatic theology.
Combining information in hierarchical models improves inferences in population ecology and demographic population analyses
Authors: Schaub M. , Kéry M. 
Published: March 2012

Read the Feature Paper: Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survivalOther Commentaries on this paper: Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survival; ‘Each site has its own survival probability, but information is borrowed across sites to tell us about survival in each site’: random effects models as means of borrowing strength in survival studies of wild vertebratesResponse from the authors: ‘Exciting statistics’: the rapid development and promising future of hierarchical models for population ecology
Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder in 3‐year‐old preschoolers
Authors: Ezpeleta Lourdes , Granero Roser , de la Osa Núria , Penelo Eva , Domènech Josep M. 
Published: March 2012

Background:  To test the factor structure of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and to study the relationships between the proposed dimensions and external variables in a community sample of preschool children.Method:  A sample of 1,341 3‐year‐old preschoolers was randomly selected and screened for a double‐phase design. In total, 622 families were assessed with a diagnostic semi‐structured interview and questionnaires on psychopathology, temperament and executive functioning completed by parents and teachers.Results:  Using categorical and dimensional symptoms of ODD it was possible to confirm, cross‐informant and cross‐method, distinct dimensions for defining the structure of ODD: one made up of irritable and headstrong and the other of negative affect, oppositional behaviour and antagonistic behaviour. Specific associations with DSM‐IV disorders were found, and irritable was associated with anxiety disorders, whereas headstrong was associated with disruptive disorders, including aggressive and non‐aggressive CD symptoms. Also, negative affect was associated with anxiety disorders and non‐aggressive CD symptoms, oppositional behaviour with disruptive disorders and aggressive CD symptoms, and antagonistic behaviours with disruptive disorders and, in boys, with mood disorders. The dimensions correlated with specific scales of psychopathology, temperament and executive functioning.Conclusions:  Oppositional defiant disorder is a heterogeneous disorder from preschool age. Different dimensions, with moderate to acceptable reliability and convergent and discriminant validity with other psychological constructs, can be identified early in life.
Correlates of the CBCL‐dysregulation profile in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Kim Jiyon , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Meyer Stephanie E. , Bufferd Sara J. , Dougherty Lea R. , Dyson Margaret W. , Laptook Rebecca S. , Olino Thomas M. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: March 2012

Background:  A growing literature indicates that the Child Behavior Checklist‐Dysregulation Profile (CBCL‐DP) identifies youths with heightened risk for severe psychopathology, comorbidity, and impairment. However, this work has focused on school‐age children and adolescents; no studies have examined whether preschool‐aged children with the CBCL‐DP exhibit a similar constellation of problems.Method:  Using a community sample of preschoolers, we compared children with (N = 61) and without (N = 488) the CBCL‐DP on a broad range of variables assessed using multiple methods.Results:  Univariate analyses revealed numerous differences between children with the CBCL‐DP and their peers on psychiatric symptomatology, temperament, parenting behavior, and parental personality, psychopathology, and marital functioning. In multivariate analyses, children with the CBCL‐DP exhibited greater temperamental negative affectivity and lower effortful control. They also had more depressive and oppositional defiant symptoms, as well as greater functional impairment. Parents of CBCL‐DP children reported engaging in more punitive, controlling parenting behavior than parents of non‐profile children.Conclusions:  In a non‐clinical sample of preschoolers, the CBCL‐DP is associated with extensive emotional and behavioral dysregulation and maladaptive parenting.
A survey of the occurrence and properties of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus intermedius in water buffalo milk and dairy products in Turkey
Authors: PAMUK SEBNEM , YILDIRIM YELIZ , SEKER ESRA , GURLER ZEKI , KARA RECEP 
Published: March 2012

Antimicrobial resistance, β‐lactamase activity and mecA gene of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from raw water buffalo milk and dairy products in Turkey were determined. All strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic but none was resistant to vancomycin. Of the 97 S. aureus and 35 S. intermedius strains, 9 (9.2%) and 2 (5.7%) were resistant to oxacillin and harboured mecA gene. β‐lactamase activity of 13.4% and 5.7% of S. aureus and S. intermedius strains was positive, respectively. Overall, 2.5% and 0.55% of the samples were contaminated with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus and S. intermedius, respectively.
Valproic acid attenuates blood–spinal cord barrier disruption by inhibiting matrix metalloprotease‐9 activity and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Lee Jee Y. , Kim Hwang S. , Choi Hye Y. , Oh Tae H. , Ju Bong G. , Yune Tae Y. 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 818–829.AbstractThe disruption of blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an intensive local inflammation by the infiltration of blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, leading to cell death and permanent neurological disability. SCI activates matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP‐9), which is known to induce BSCB disruption. Here, we examined whether valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, would attenuate BSCB disruption by inhibiting MMP‐9 activity, leading to improvement of functional outcome after SCI. After moderate spinal cord contusion injury at T9, VPA (300 mg/kg) were immediately injected subcutaneously and further injected every 12 h for 5 days. Our data show that VPA inhibited MMP‐9 activity after injury, and attenuated BSCB permeability and degradation of tight junction molecules such as occludin and ZO‐1. In addition, VPA reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor‐α. Furthermore, VPA increased the levels of acetylated histone 3, pAkt, and heat‐shock protein 27 and 70, which have anti‐apoptotic functions after SCI. Finally, VPA inhibited apoptotic cell death and caspase 3 activation, reduced the lesion volume and improved functional recovery after injury. Thus, our results demonstrated that VPA improves functional recovery by attenuating BSCB disruption via inhibition of MMP‐9 activity after SCI.
Immune globulins and thrombotic adverse events as recorded in a large administrative database in 2008 through 2010
Authors: Daniel Gregory W. , Menis Mikhail , Sridhar Gayathri , Scott Dorothy , Wallace Anna E. , Ovanesov Mikhail V. , Golding Basil , Anderson Steven A. , Epstein Jay , Martin David , Ball Robert , Izurieta Hector S. 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic events (TEs) are rare but often serious adverse events that could occur after administration of immune globulin (IG) products. Our study objective was to assess occurrence of recorded TEs after administration of different US‐licensed IG products and investigate potential risk factors using a large administrative database.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a retrospective claims‐based cohort study of individuals exposed to IG products from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2010, using HealthCore's Integrated Research Database, a longitudinal health care database. IG products were identified by recorded Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes. TEs were ascertained via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for same‐day TEs by IG product, while controlling for confounders.RESULTS: Of 11,785 individuals exposed to IG products in the study period, 122 (1%) had TE(s) recorded on the same day as IG administration. TE rates per 1000 persons exposed ranged from 6.1 to 20.5 for different IG product groups. Vivaglobin users had an increased same‐day TE risk compared to reference Gammagard Liquid users (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.54‐8.23). An increased TE risk was also found with older age (≥45 years), prior TE(s), and hypercoagulable state(s).CONCLUSION: The study suggests potentially elevated TE rates for different IG products, including subcutaneous. It also identifies important recipient TE risk factors and suggests that risk–benefit profiles should be weighed before IG administration. The observed differences may be due to various factors such as dosage, administration rates, and product manufacturing processes that warrant further evaluation.
Evaluation of blood supply operation and infectious disease markers in blood donors during the Egyptian revolution
Authors: Hussein Eiman , Teruya Jun 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: The Egyptian revolution took place on January 25, 2011. Millions of protesters demanded the overthrow of the Egyptian president's regime. Many people suffered from life‐threatening injuries after violent clashes between police and protesters.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The overall management of the blood bank operation at Cairo University Hospital was described, in an attempt to evaluate blood safety and establish a standard effective plan to manage blood supply during crisis.RESULTS: Three days after the uprising, thousands of Egyptians rushed to the hospital to alleviate the blood shortage. A total of 3425 units were collected in 3 days and thousands of donors were turned away. An error delayed processing of 1000 units and they were used as stored whole blood. Apheresis platelets were donated by protesters who were particularly motivated to donate for two victims with liver injury. The usual positive rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in Egyptian donors is 3.8%. However, the positive rate of HCV markers in the collected units was only 1.6%. The mean age of donors during the revolution was 31.7 ± 10.4 years while the usual mean age of donors is 39.2 ± 8.5 years. Operating theaters were used only for emergencies. A blood surplus developed that met the hospital needs for 1 month.CONCLUSION: Revolution resulted in an influx of first‐time donors with a relatively low positive rate of HCV antibody. To be prepared for disasters, a systematic approach to spread donors evenly on a daily basis is needed.
Genetic and environmental risk factors for submucous cleft palate
Authors: Reiter Rudolf , Brosch Sibylle , Lüdeke Manuel , Fischbein Elena , Haase Stephan , Pickhard Anja , Assum Günter , Schwandt Anke , Vogel Walther , Högel Josef , Maier Christiane 
Published: March 2012

Reiter R, Brosch S, Lüdeke M, Fischbein E, Haase S, Pickhard A, Assum G, Schwandt A, Vogel W, Högel J, Maier C. Genetic and environmental risk factors for submucous cleft palate.

Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 97–103. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciA multifactorial aetiology with genetic and environmental factors is assumed for orofacial clefts. Submucous cleft palate (SMCP), a subgroup of cleft palates with insufficient median fusion of the muscles of the soft palate hidden under the mucosa, has a prevalence of 1:1,250–1:5,000. We described the prevalence of risk factors among 103 German patients with the subtype SMCP and genotyped 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 12 candidate genes for orofacial clefts. Analysis of risk factors yielded a positive history for maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy in 25.2% of the patients, and this was significantly more frequent than in the normal population. The group of patients differed in allele frequencies at SNP rs3917192 of the gene TGFB3 (nominal P = 0.053) and at SNP rs5752638 of the gene MN1 (nominal P = 0.075) compared with 279 control individuals. Our results indicate a potential role of maternal smoking during pregnancy for the formation of SMCP. The analysis of genetic variants hints at the contribution of TGFB3 and MN1 in the aetiology of SMCPs.
Effects of time and socio‐economic status on the determinants of oral health‐related behaviours of parents of preschool children
Authors: Van den Branden S. , Van den Broucke S. , Leroy R. , Declerck D. , Hoppenbrouwers K. 
Published: March 2012

Van den Branden S, Van den Broucke S, Leroy R, Declerck D. Hoppenbrouwers K. Effects of time and socio‐economic status on the determinants of oral health‐related behaviours of parents of preschool children.

Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 153–160. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciThe oral health‐related beliefs of parents have an important impact on the oral health status of their children; however, they are not stable over time. This study aimed to assess the changes, over time, in the determinants of parental oral health‐related behaviour based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and to investigate socio‐economic inequalities. The cohort consisted of the parents – mainly the mothers – of 1,057 children born in 2003 and 2004 in Flanders (Belgium). According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, validated questionnaires, completed at children’s birth and at age 3 and 5 yr, assessed parental attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control, and intention towards three behaviours: dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and dental attendance. Linear mixed‐model analyses were applied. Positive parental attitudes towards oral health‐related behaviours increased between birth and 3 yr of age, whereas the scores for subjective norms and intentions decreased. Scores remained stable for children between three and 5 yr of age. Highly educated mothers had significantly higher scores for attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and intentions than less‐educated mothers. Health promotion campaigns should take these natural changes and inequalities of dental beliefs into account when developing and evaluating interventions.