bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulpal reactions in rat incisors to Caridex™
Authors: Wedenberg Cecilia , Bornstein Rolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study examined the in vivo effects of Caridex, a chemomechanical caries removal system, on rat pulpal tissue. Rat incisors were opened and the pulps exposed to Caridex or physiological saline and sealed with calcium hydroxide. After various time periods, teeth were extracted and examined by light microscopy. Histological evaluation revealed an almost identical response in both test and control teeth which consisted of a transient inflammatory reaction and a limited necrosis in adjacent pulp tissue. Within seven days, formation of hard tissue matrix was seen below the necrotic area and on pulpal walls. It was suggested that the high pH of Caridex may have contributed to the necrotizing effect of calcium hydroxide in adjacent pulp tissue and the formation of hard tissue matrix. Additionally, the solution is most probably bactericidal. The results suggest that the system can be used as a caries removal agent on humans without unfavourable side effects on the dental pulp.
The range of functional mandibular movement in bruxists. 1. Introduction and review of the literature
Authors: Faulkner Keith D. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine and compare functional mandibular movements of nonbruxist and bruxist subjects. Part 1 presents introductory remarks and a review of the literature including a discussion of the many study techniques ranging from direct photography to magnetometry and closed circuit television.
Structural and radiographic evaluation of four cases of tooth fusion
Authors: O'Reilly Peter M. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFour cases of tooth fusion are presented. Three of the patients were female and one male. Radiographic examination revealed union of calcified tissues with discrete root canals and a common pulp chamber in Case 3 and the converse in Case 4. The finding of fused mandibular incisors and canines in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions is described in Case 1, while in two others unilateral fused tooth masses are described which are not repeated in the permanent dentition.The dentist should be aware of the possibility of finding fused teeth on routine dental inspection and once diagnosed the patient should be informed of the potential hazards as regards plaque accumulation and varied root canal morphology.
An electron microscopic evaluation of the enamel surface subsequent to various debonding procedures
Authors: Howell S. , Weekes W. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, enamel surface roughness was investigated following the use of various combinations of bonding agents, burs and polishing procedures. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 135 premolar teeth extracted from adolescents. Subsequent to debonding and finishing, the enamel surface was gold coated and examined in the scanning electron microscope. Each 200 x photomicrograph was graded according to surface roughness and assigned to one of four selected standard grades. The use of different composites and different burs showed no significant effect on the finish of the enamel surface using Chi‐square tests. Only two finishing procedures had a significant effect on surface roughness. The use of a Soflex disc followed by pumice slurry resulted in the roughest enamel surface and the use of pumice alone produced the smoothest enamel surface.
Incidence and features of three‐rooted permanent mandibular molars
Authors: Loh H. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeven hundred and eighty‐six patients of Singaporean Chinese origin requiring extractions of permanent mandibular molars were screened. Personal details, identification of the tooth and the presence or absence of an extra root were recorded. Thirty‐two cases (4.1 per cent) exhibited an extra disto‐lingual root. None was found in the second molar. The first molar was affected (7.9 per cent) slightly more than twice as often as the third molar (3.7 per cent). The extra root was present almost equally in both sexes with a higher presentation on the left side. Six cases had a fracture of the extra root. A comparison was made with a study done by Tratman on the same population and with other studies involving those of Chinese and Mongoloid origin in other countries.
Medicaments: Aids to success in endodontics. Part 1. A review of the literature
Authors: Abbott Paul V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBacteria play a major role in pulpal and periapical disease. They are capable of surviving in dentinal tubules and other canal ramifications that are inaccessible to mechanical instrumentation and irrigation. In order to predictably achieve bacteria‐free root canal systems, especially in pulpless teeth, it is necessary to use intra‐canal medicaments. These medicaments must be capable of destroying bacteria, reducing inflammation and stimulating hard tissue formation whilst not being toxic to the host tissues. Consideration of a material's therapeutic action must be made when selecting a medicament for any pathological condition. Many of the commercial preparations do not satisfy the requirements for the ideal root canal medicament.
The effect of gold coating agents on residual stress in alloy‐ceramic specimens*
Authors: Roessler David M. , Walton Terry R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe use of gold coating agents has been claimed to reduce residual stress in alloy‐ceramic composites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gold coating agents in preventing cracking of bonded porcelain.Residual stress in alloy‐ceramic specimens could be increased by decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion (α) of the porcelain. Vitadur‐N porcelain (jacket crown type, low α) was mixed in increasing proportions with VMK porcelain (high α) to prepare five test blends with decreasing values for α. For each test blend, α was measured by means of a vitreous silica dilatometer, and varied from 13.6 times 10−6/K to 11.0 times 10−6/K. The test blends were fused around spherical specimens of a substrate alloy, Option (α = 14.0 times 10−6/K), both with and without the use of three gold coating agents, Wilkote, Spectra‐Seal and Deck‐Gold (normal). The composite spheres were examined under 20 x magnification after 24 hours and again after eight weeks for evidence of cracking.There was no significant difference in the failure rate of the alloy‐ceramic specimens with or without any of the gold coating agents. In a bonding porcelain, α can be lowered in a controlled manner by the addition of varying amounts of jacket crown porcelain. Cracking of the ceramic coating occurred at and above an α mismatch of 1.8 times 10−6/K. Gold coating agents have an insignificant effect on residual stress in alloy‐ceramic specimens.
Utilization of nitrogenous compounds by oral bacteria
Authors: Rogers A. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn terms of the crucial acid‐base balance in dental plaque, the bacterial catabolism of nitrogenous compounds, such as peptides and amino acids, is of importance because the end‐products can raise plaque pH. Of particular significance is the fermentation of arginine by bacteria such as Streptococcus sanguis, a numerically important plaque organism. Aspects of the uptake of this amino acid were studied and it was also shown the organism can obtain arginine from small peptides, since it possesses cell‐associated exo‐peptidases. Furthermore, it could grow in media containing whole protein (casein), or one of its fractions, as the sole source of organic nitrogen. The studies thus showed that S. sanguis is well equipped, in terms of endo‐and exo‐peptidase activities, to obtain the metabol‐ically important arginine from whole protein. It is suggested that knowledge of this type should lead to a better understanding of overall plaque metabolism — of relevance to both cariogenic and periodontopathic plaques.
Monitoring behavioural stress control using a craniomandibular index
Authors: Shaw R. M. , Dettmar D. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study was concerned with the practical value of relaxation training in helping an individual reduce anxiety and its physical manifestations. Twenty‐five subjects learned and practised transcendental meditation for a period of three months. Subjects were clinically examined before and after meditation training, and a craniomandibular index (CMI) was used to objectively assess criteria pertaining to mandibular function. Baseline and outcome CMI scores were compared for the group and shown to be significantly different. Deep relaxation achieved through transcendental meditation alleviated intramuscular tension and fatigue, promoting balanced, co‐ordinated muscle function.
Valiant‐PhD and Lojic N amalgam alloys: four‐year clinical results
Authors: Smales Roger J. , Rupinskas Loreta 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFrom 1984 to 1986, 97 similar pairs of Valiant‐PhD and Lojic N amalgam restorations were placed at random by one dentist in Class II cavities prepared in 105 molar and 89 premolar permanent teeth of 73 patients treated in a private practice. Assessments were made of the different handling properties of the two alloys and of the effects of polishing, or otherwise, on the clinical behaviour of the restorations. Valiant‐PhD alloy had more ‘body’ for condensing and was easier to carve and polish than was Lojic N alloy. After periods of up to four years, there was only one restoration failure (from bulk fracture) for each alloy although both materials deteriorated over time. Both the polished and the unpolished restorations showed similar deterioration for marginal fracture and staining, and for surface tarnish, and their initially‐different surface textures became more similar during the study. Statistically, Lojic N restorations showed significantly more surface tarnish, but less marginal fracture than did Valiant‐PhD restorations, and the tarnishing did not appear to be related to the effects of corrosion.
A mandibular block technique useful in ‘gaggers’
Authors: Donkor P. , Wong J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThree patients with severe gagging problems requiring mandibular molar extractions and who could not tolerate conventional block injections were successfully given closed‐mouth mandibular block injections without provoking any retching. This technique permits patients to concentrate on clenching their teeth during the injection. This displacement activity, combined with the reduction in tactile sensation following anaesthesia, helps to prevent gagging.
A laboratory investigation of a composite resin/dentine bonding agent mixture used as a root canal sealer
Authors: Hammond Roland M. S. , Meyers Ian A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of a dentine bonding agent, in conjunction with a composite resin, to act as an endodontic sealing material. The effectiveness was compared with that provided by a conventional sealer (AH26) by measuring dye penetration into the root canal. Two obturation techniques were used with each sealer; the single gutta‐percha point technique, and lateral condensation with multiple gutta‐percha points.Lateral condensation with the conventional sealer was found to be the superior procedure, by producing the least amount of linear leakage (coronally from the apex) on average. However, the single point technique with the composite resin/dentine bonding agent sealer provided the greatest number of ‘no leakage’ samples. Scanning electron microscope investigation of obturated roots revealed the presence of resin tags in dentine tubules only in those samples where the composite resin/dentine bonding agent sealer was used. The short working time provided by the composite resin/dentine bonding agent sealer prevented successful obturation using lateral condensation. The provision of an extended working time composition for this sealer may produce more favourable results in obturation with lateral condensation.
Present and future patterns of practice and workforce needs in oral and maxillofacial surgery*
Authors: Spencer A. J. , Szuster F. S. P. , Brennan D. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOral and maxillofacial surgeons have shown curiosity and concern for their present and future patterns of practice and workforce needs. Few oral and maxillofacial surgeons would not have an understanding of how they came to be, or opinions on where the speciality is and appears to be going. Such opinions, however, need to be rigorously tested against the best available information. Quantitative information is the substantive input to decisions on whether oral and maxillofacial surgeons wish to go where they appear to be going, and if so why, and if not, why not? The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 1990 Workforce Study* aimed to provide information relevant to these questions. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are surprising in both their heterogeneity in patterns of practice and homogeneity in most of the content of services provided. Projections of the workforce indicate that a status quo in recruitment is actually a steady decline in capacity to serve the community, a picture in contrast to the international comparative data and opinion that supports a broadening in the service role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 1990 Workforce Study offers insights into present and future patterns of practice and workforce needs. Ultimately, however, decisionmaking in the speciality will reflect additional social, economic and dento‐political factors to which the Australian and New Zealand Association of Oral and Maxillo‐Facial Surgeons must be the major contributor.
Finishing techniques for amalgam restorations: Clinical assessment at three years
Authors: Bryant Roland W. , Collins Catherine J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUse of the optimum finishing technique for an amalgam restoration may enhance the marginal integrity of the restoration and discourage its unnecessary early replacement.Two hundred and twenty‐eight high copper amalgam restorations in 56 patients were evaluated, using clinical assessment criteria, up to three years after placement. Each patient had received at least one carved‐only amalgam, at least one immediately finished restoration, and at least one amalgam that was polished at a subsequent appointment.Regardless of the finishing technique, the restorations exhibited similar marginal integrity up to three years after placement. Polished restorations were found to have substantially superior surface texture and less likelihood of surface discoloration. No evidence was found to support the use of immediate finishing techniques.The clinical significance of these findings, with respect to the need to polish amalgam restorations, is discussed.
Some social characteristics and background of first‐year dental students, University of Sydney, 1976–85
Authors: Sivaneswaran Shanti , Barnard P. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents some information, derived by questionnaire, on the social characteristics and background of 1148 first‐year dental students at the University of Sydney for the years 1976–1985. Student entry age was 19.4 years; 27 per cent were female; 36 per cent of fathers and 24 per cent of mothers were professionals and 37 per cent of fathers and 11 per cent of mothers had attended university; parents of female students had higher educational levels than parents of male students; 55 per cent had medicine as the course of first preference. Eighty‐five per cent of students entered dentistry from high school with 78 per cent from Sydney.Characteristics of students showed little change over the period 1976–1985. Some changes noted were an increase in the number of female students with fewer living in their parents' home; increase in number of students from government schools; decrease in foreign students but an increase in students (Australian citizens, or residents) born overseas, and of different ethnic backgrounds.
Microleakage of glass ionomer/composite resin restorations: A laboratory study. 1. The influence of glass ionomer cement
Authors: Smith E. Dell Kingsford , Martin F. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAcid‐etching of enamel margins, often combined with bevelling and use of a low viscosity resin, has resulted in improved sealing of composite restorations. When enamel is absent and margins involve dentine or cementum, microleakage is more often observed. The use of glass ionomer cement, as both a restorative material and as a base combined with a veneer of composite resin, has been advocated as a means of minimizing microleakage where margins are placed in dentine or cementum.Four restorative techniques incorporating glass ionomer cement were used, in vitro, to restore cervical cavities. After thermal cycling, dye penetration was scored along occlusal and gingival margins. In all instances the gingival margin exhibited a less reliable seal than the occlusal margin. The sandwich restorations produced a superior seal at both occlusal and gingival margins when compared with glass ionomer restorative cement.
Choice of toothbrush: A survey of dentists' personal preferences and recommendations for patients*
Authors: Gotjamanos Theo , Singh Harjinder , Strangio Tony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractData on dentists' choice of toothbrush brand/type for personal use and their recommendations for patients were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Seventy‐nine per cent of dentists surveyed received free samples, with Oral‐B comprising 33 per cent of all such samples, followed by Colgate (16 per cent) and Tek (13 per cent). Fifty‐three per cent of dentists surveyed indicated they used all free samples received. Sixty‐two per cent of dentists do not consider that different brushes differ significantly in their plaque‐removing ability. Therefore, while an effective toothbrushing technique is important, selection of the ‘correct toothbrush’ from the wide range available may not be critical. The results of the present investigation provide information that is relevant to dental health education and can be applied at the chairside as well as at the broader community level.
The evolution of the complete denture base. Theories of complete denture retention — A review. Part 1
Authors: Murray Michael D. , Darvell Brian W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe history of denture base materials and the accompanying development of impression techniques are traced from the earliest times to the present day (Part 1) as a prelude to a study (Part 2–4) of the various theories that have been advanced to explain retention of the base without mechanical support. These theories are critically reviewed and tabulated in chronological order. Some areas for further investigation are identified.
Multiple external root resorption. Case report
Authors: Darbar U. R. , Jenkins C. B. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case of a patient with multiple external root resorption affecting principally the molars and premolars is described. This case is unusual in that although both right and left molar and premolar teeth are involved, the resorption is worse on the left side and affects only the distal roots of the molars.
Early pulpal involvement in an unusual case of dens in dente. Case report
Authors: Türker Mustafa , Karaca İnci 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDens in dente (dens invaginatus, tooth within a tooth, dilated composite odontome) is an abnormal tooth form which occurs most frequently in the permanent maxillary lateral incisor region. Dens in dente may occur, however, in any tooth in the dental arch, although these other forms are comparatively rare. It may appear within both the coronal part of the tooth and the root, although coronal forms are more common.In this paper, a case of extreme dens in dente with pulpal involvement at an early stage of eruption is presented.
The evolution of the complete denture base. Theories of complete denture retention — A review. Part 4
Authors: Murray Michael D. , Darvell Brian W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe history of denture base materials and the accompanying development of impression techniques are traced from the earliest times to the present day (Part 1) as a prelude to a study (Part 2–4) of the various theories that have been advanced to explain retention of the base without mechanical support. These theories are critically reviewed and tabulated in chronological order. Some areas for further investigation are identified.
Acrylic resins reinforced with woven highly drawn linear polyethylene fibres. 3. Mechanical properties and further aspects of denture construction
Authors: Ladizesky N. H. , Pang M. K. M. , Chow T. W. , Ward I. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious work1 has established the feasibility of producing acrylic denture bases reinforced with layers of highly drawn linear polyethylene fibres in a woven form. This paper reports on the mechanical properties of the system, including the effect of water conditioning. It is confirmed that substantial improvements in impact strength can be obtained by the incorporation of the polyethylene fibres in woven form. The fibre/resin integration within the dentures has also been studied by optical microscopy. It was found that delamination may occur during some processing stages and steps are suggested to avoid this problem.
Mandibular central giant cell granuloma associated with sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garrè (periostitis ossificans). Case report
Authors: Toller Melahat Öǧütcen , Karaca Inci 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGarrè's sclerosing osteomyelitis or periostitis ossificans with a radiographic ‘onion skin’ appearance is a separate clinical entity. The new bone formation underneath the periosteum is a response of periosteum to stimulation by low grade infection. This may occur in a variety of other developmental, metabolic, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of bone. A case of mandibular giant cell granuloma of a central type associated with Garrè's sclerosing osteomyelitis is presented and the literature is reviewed.
Australian Dental Research Fund Trebitsch Scholarship*
Authors: Lange P. , Walsh L. J. , Savage N. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral overseas studies have documented the presence of defects in unused latex and vinyl gloves. Since such defects compromise the barrier protection afforded by gloves, information regarding the frequency and site of defects which occur during manufacture is of direct clinical relevance. This study utilized a four‐stage testing procedure to evaluate defects in 13 brands of gloves which are used commonly in dental practice in Australia. Macropores in unused gloves were a significant problem, with 10 brands containing 1 per cent or more defective gloves. In addition, variations in electrical conductivity, signifying microporosity or inconsistencies in thickness, were also observed. These findings indicate that there is room to improve further the quality of protective gloves.
The modified Le Fort III osteotomy in the correction of mid‐facial deficiency. Case reports
Authors: Heggie Andrew A. C. , Lawry Denise M. , Ruljancich M. Kevin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMaxillary hypoplasia is a common diagnosis in the spectrum of dentofacial deformities and is usually corrected by a Le Fort I maxillary advancement osteotomy. The modified Le Fort III osteotomy enables correction of mid‐face hypoplasia where the maxillary hypoplasia is associated with infraorbital and zygomatic deficiency. This procedure is described and illustrated in two case reports. It is considered to be a superior technique to the maxillary osteotomy and onlay procedure and is recommended for use in selected patients.