bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Lunar Pickup Ion Flux on Source Location: ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Shen Han-Wen , Halekas Jasper S. , Poppe Andrew R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Moon is enveloped in an exosphere, which is comprised of a variety of neutral atoms and molecules. Once exospheric neutrals are ionized by photons, protons, or electrons from the Sun, the resulting ions are accelerated by the electromagnetic fields of their surroundings and can thereby travel away from their source locations. These ions are the so-called pickup ions and are frequently observed by the two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon’s Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft. In this study, we identify 115 events from an 11 yr period of ARTEMIS observations, which contain a total of 11,987 samples for our statistics. By using analytical ion trajectory calculations, we trace the source location of each pickup ion observation. Most pickup ion trajectories originate near the subsolar point, consistent with the efficiency of sputtering. We find that the flux of pickup ions strongly anticorrelates with the source altitude, providing indirect evidence of decreasing exospheric ion flux with increasing altitude. We also find that the flux of pickup ions does not show a significant relationship with the crustal magnetic field intensity. This implies that a depression of sputtering efficiency or the trapping of near-surface freshly born ions by a crustal magnetic anomaly may not reduce the subsequent pickup ion flux as effectively as expected. In summary, the present paper provides a statistical view of lunar pickup ion fluxes in association with the altitude, local time, and local crustal magnetic field of their source locations.
Corrected and Republished
Authors: Thomas Richardson V , Bajaj Neeti 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Boston University (BU) approach is a method for early prediction of unerupted permanent mandibular teeth widths based on the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of primary mandibular canines and first molars. The present study was conducted to test the validity of BU approach by comparing it with Tanaka–Johnston (T/J) approach in the contemporary population.

Aims and Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of BU approach for prediction of the MDWs of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in 100 healthy schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru aged between 7 and 11 years. The MDWs of canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and the considered BU approaches for all the children and were compared.

Results:
The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation between the predicted tooth size from the two predicted methods in the upper and lower arches (P < 0.001), with Pearson's correlation coefficient showing the very strong positive relationship (r = 0.7). Significant differences were seen between the mean predicted width of canines and premolars by both the approaches (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In spite of the limitations, we recommend the use of BU approach to predict arch length-tooth material discrepancy at an early age and to get at least an approximate estimation of the required space. We also advocate the necessity of further research on this approach prospectively.
Talocalcaneal coalition: an easily overlooked abnormality - A case report
Authors: Chen Keng-Chih , Lan Howard Haw-Chang , Hwang Jen-I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Congenital tarsal coalition involves failure of segmentation between two or more tarsal bones. Although coalition can be asymptomatic, foot or ankle pain occasionally occurs, especially in young patients, and is often overlooked at the first presentation. Radiography can be used to diagnose or indirectly identify tarsal coalition, and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Here, we present a case of a patient with a delayed diagnosis of tarsal coalition. In our patient, plain radiography of the left ankle showed the typical C-sign. Moreover, a noncontrast MRI of the left ankle revealed focal bone hypertrophy over the medial aspect of the talus and the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus separated by a low signal gap. Familiarity with the radiographic features and signs of the tarsal coalition might aid in its diagnosis, and CT or MRI might provide additional information for its clinical management.
Enhancing special care dentistry with sensory-adapted dental environment
Authors: Kittur Simin , Basappa N , Raju OS , Naik Saraswathi V , Shagale Amitha M 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
To compare and evaluate the effect of sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) and regular dental environment in reducing anxiety levels in children with intellectual disabilities.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out in children with mild intellectual disabilities aged 8–13 years. The developmental screening test was utilized in screening and including these children with IQ scores between 52 and 67, and after random allocation, children were subjected to oral prophylaxis in the SADE and regular dental environment. Anxiety levels were assessed at baseline, 5 min, and at the end of the procedure using Venham's anxiety rating scale, pulse rate, and blood pressure values.

Results:
The data were coded and analyzed using software SPSS (IBM version 22.0) for statistical analysis. Comparison between the groups was done using independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA for objective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively, and using Mann–Whitney U-test and Friedman's test for subjective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that SADE significantly decreased anxiety levels and cooperative behavior in children with mild intellectual disability and can be used as an alternative behavior management technique in effectively handling children with intellectual disability.
Comparison of anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine buccal infiltration versus 2% lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for pulpotomy in mandibular primary second molars
Authors: Daneshvar Seyedeh Hediyeh , Dorani Dariush , Daneshvar Mir Mahdi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pain control and proper anesthesia during pulp therapy is one of the most important aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry. Aims: This study compared the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) using 2% lidocaine and infiltration using 4% articaine for pulpotomy of mandibular primary second molars.

Settings and Design:
The present clinical trial was conducted on 40 children aged 5–8 referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, who needed pulpotomy treatment in both mandibular second molars. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B).

Subjects and Methods:
At the first session, Group A received articaine infiltration and Group B experienced IANB using lidocaine. At the next visit, this trend was reversed. Pain intensity was measured upon the initiation of the pulp exposure using a facial image scale (FIS) and the patients' behavior during pulpotomy was measured using sound eye motor (SEM).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the analysis of data. A significant level of differences was taken as P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
According to FIS, the pain upon the initiation of the pulp exposure was significantly lower in the lidocaine group (P = 0.028). Patients' behavior was also significantly better in the lidocaine group according to SEM (P = 0.028).

Conclusions:
IANB using lidocaine has higher anesthetic efficacy in the pulp therapy of the mandibular primary second molars compared to articaine infiltration.
Association between ABO, Rh blood groups, lip and dermatoglyphic patterns, and nonsyndromic oral clefts
Authors: Sivanand Nimisha , Junaid Mohammed , Sivapathasundaram B , Ramanathan Manikandhan , Sailer Hermann F , Nijesh JE , Sivasamy Shyam , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study is to determine the association between nonsyndromic oral clefts (OC) in children and ABO, Rh blood groups, lip, and dermatoglyphic patterns of their unaffected parents.

Methods:
This case–control study was conducted at a tertiary cleft center in Chennai, India, among 240 individuals comprising 80 units (40 cases and controls, respectively). Each unit (triad) was constituted by a child (0–12 years of age) either born with nonsyndromic OC (cases) or with no diagnosed congenital anomaly (control) and their unaffected parents (mother and father). ABO and Rh blood groups, specific lip print, fingerprint pattern, and palmar asymmetry were recorded for each individual. Strength of association of related factors was assessed by multivariable logistic regression reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

Results:
A1-positive blood group was found to be considerably higher among case mothers (14.39 [1.57–32.27]). A higher odds of OCs were observed among case mothers with whorl lip pattern (1.51 [1.16–3.17]) and radial loop pattern in fingers (1.44 [1.09–2.31]) relative to controls. In addition, palmar asymmetry was distinctively higher among case parents compared to controls (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Findings indicate that A1-positive blood group, higher frequency of whorl lip, and radial loop finger patterns in mothers and higher ulnar loop pattern in fathers and palmar asymmetry in both parents increases odds of occurrence of OC among their offspring. These identifiable traits offer potential scope for better service planning among resource-constrained disadvantaged communities in India.
Role of probiotics and synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children
Authors: Duraisamy Vinola , Geethapriya P. R. , Bharath C. , Niveditha R. S. , John J. Baby 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Probiotics and synbiotics through its direct and indirect interactions interferes with biofilm formation, competes with oral microorganisms thereby creating better oral health.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics and Synbiotics on inhibiting Streptococcus mutans level in saliva of children after 15 days of daily intake of probiotic and synbiotic curd.

Methodology:
A double-blind randomized controlled trial was planned. Salivary samples at baseline were collected from forty children in the age group of 6–12 years who were divided into two groups of 20 each to receive probiotic and synbiotic curd respectively for 15 days. Salivary samples were collected after intervention and S. mutans levels were estimated.

Statistical Analysis:
The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Intra- and inter-group comparison of mean S. mutans levels for both the groups were done using the paired and unpaired t-test respectively. The statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts was observed in both the groups after 15 days (P < 0.001). A significantly higher inhibition of S. mutans growth was present in the probiotic compared to synbiotic group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Probiotics and Synbiotics were effective in inhibiting salivary S. mutans level of children. However, inhibition of S. mutans growth was found to be better in children who consumed Probiotic curd than the Synbiotic curd.
Assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) – A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Jawdekar Ashwin M. , Kamath Shamika , Kale Swati , Mistry Laresh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) affects about 14% of the population. MIH may lead to enamel breakdown, early tooth decay and is known to cause sensitivity, pain, discomfort, etc., Despite several studies reporting impacts of MIH on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children; no systematic review has been reported till date.

Objectives:
Our study aimed at assessing the impact of MIH on OHRQoL.

Search Methods:
Two researchers, Ashwin Muralidhar Jawdekar and Shamika Ramchandra Kamath, independently searched articles using appropriate keyword combinations in three search engines – PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar and conflicts, if any were resolved by Swati Jagannath Kale. Studies either reported in English or complete translations available in English were selected.

Selection Criteria:
Observational studies on otherwise healthy 6–18-year-old children were considered. Interventional studies were included only to collect the baseline (observational) data.

Data Collection and Analysis:
From 52 studies, a total of 13 studies could be included in the systematic review and 8 in meta-analysis. Total scores of OHRQoL measures reported in the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ) 8–10, CPQ 11–14, and parental-caregiver perception questionnaire (P-CPQ) scales were used as variables.

Main Results:
Five studies (2112 subjects) showed an impact on OHRQoL (CPQ); the pooled risk ratio (RR) confidence interval (CI) were 24.70 (13.93–35.47), showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001). The Three studies (811 participants) showed an impact on OHRQoL (P-CPQ); the pooled RR (CI) was 16.992 (5.119, 28.865) showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity (I
2) was high (99.6% and 99.2%); hence, random effect model was used. Sensitivity analysis of two studies (310 subjects) showed impact on OHRQoL (P-CPQ); the pooled RR (CI) was 22.124 (20.382, 23.866) showing statistically significant value (P < 0.001); the heterogeneity was low (I
2 = 0.0). The risk of bias across studies assessed using the appraisal tool for cross sectional studies tool was found to be moderate. The reporting bias assessed using the dispersion on the funnel plot was found to be minimal.

Authors’ Conclusions:
Children with MIH are about 17–25 times more likely to have impacts on the OHRQoL compared to children with no MIH. Evidence is of low quality due to high heterogeneity. The risk of bias was moderate and publication bias was low.
Comparison of viscosities of human breast milk versus infant milk formulae with and without addition of sweetening agents
Authors: Panchanadikar Noopur Tushar , Sivasubramanian Abirami , Muthu M. S. , Swaminathan Kavitha , Vignesh K. C. , Nagalakshmi S. , Seetharaman Shanmuganathan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Early childhood caries is a major health problem affecting children worldwide. Although incorrect feeding practices hold a prime position in the etiology, there are gaps in the literature pertaining to the physical properties of milk.

Aim:
To assess the viscosity of human breast milk (HBM) versus infant milk formulae, with and without the addition of sweetening agents.

Materials and Methods:
All commercially available infant milk formulae (60 samples) and breast milk from 30 donor mothers were assessed for viscosity using Brookfield DV2T viscometer. The study period was from April 2019 to August 2019. Viscosity of infant milk formulae sweetened with sugar, honey, and brown sugar was further investigated and compared with that of HBM.

Statistical Analysis:
Inter-group and intra-group mean viscosity was compared using independent t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results:
Viscosity of HBM ranged from 18.36 centipoise (cP) to 91.30 cP, the mean viscosity being 45.7 cP. Viscosity values varied for each formula group, the least being as low as 5.1 cP and the highest being 89.3 cP. The mean viscosities of each group were in the range of 33 to 49 cP.

Conclusions:
HBM was found to have a tendency toward higher viscosity than most of the infant milk formulae. Also, varied viscosity values were obtained when commonly used sweetening agents were added to infant milk formulae. Greater viscosity of HBM might increase its adherence to enamel surface leading to prolonged demineralization and potentially altering the caries risk, needs to be investigated further.
Effect of a wear-resistant resin coat on the color stability of a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material
Authors: Mohan Madhu , Aljohani Yazan , Rosivack R Glenn 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Equia Forte Coat on the color stability of Equia Forte Fil.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty discs of Equia Forte Fil were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 30 samples was treated with Equia Forte Coat according to the manufacturer's directions. The other 30 discs were not coated. All discs were continuously soaked in cola for 7 consecutive days. The color changes in the Equia Forte Fil samples were determined using a colorimeter. The color difference (△E) was calculated using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* coordinates.

Results:
There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups (P < 0.0001). The group with Equia Forte Coat had significantly less color change than the group without the Equia Forte Coat.

Conclusion:
The application of the Equia Forte Coat significantly improved the color stability of Equia Forte Fil.
Comparative evaluation of Demirjian’s four teeth and alternate four teeth methods for the dental age estimation in children and adolescents of Varanasi region
Authors: Mishra Ramkrishna , Srivastava Vinay Kumar , Pandey Surendra Kumar , Kumar P G Naveen 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Age estimation is an important approach in the field of forensics and medical sciences to assists in clinical practice, medico-legal cases, and in criminal cases of judicial punishment.

Aim:
This study aim the applicability and comparison of four-teeth method and the alternate four-teeth method of Demirjian’s approach among the Varanasi population.

Settings and Design:
This is a cross-sectional prospective study on the population of Varanasi region children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
Four hundred and thirty-two panoramic images of children and adolescents (237 boys and 195 girls) aged 3–16 years, from the population of Varanasi region oriental was assessed using the four-teeth method and the alternate four-teeth method of Demirjian’s approach, for the estimation of dental age.

Statistical Analysis:
Pearson’s two tailed test was applied to establish the correlation between chronological age and estimated dental age and Paired t-test was applied to check the statistical significance between mean chronological age and mean estimated dental age.

Results:
The dental age of boys was overestimated by 0.39 ± 1.15 years (P < 0.001) and dental age was underestimated by − 0.34 ± 1.15 years (P < 0.001) among girls using the Demirjian’s four teeth method. According to Demirjian’s alternate four teeth method, the sample of boys overestimated the dental age by 0.76 ± 1.00 years (P < 0.001) with the statistically significant difference. While the sample of the girls had negligible overestimation of 0.04 ± 1.03 years (P = 0.580) with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:
Demirjian’s four teeth method is better to estimate dental age in boys, whereas Demirjian’s alternate four teeth method in girls of Varanasi region.
Use of Foley's catheter as a tourniquet for the management of vascular lesion of lip in Mowat-Wilson syndrome
Authors: Pandey Rajeev , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Jitender , Arya Varun , Thakker Rishabh , Singh Minerva 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Vascular malformation of lower lip is a very rare anomaly. The lesion leads to facial asymmetry, difficulty in speech and eating and drooling of saliva. Treatment goals include symmetrical reconstruction of the lip with minimal scarring, provide adequate bulk for the reconstruction of vermillion, in toto removal of the lesion and prevent recurrence. The most common complication during surgical removal of these lesions includes blood loss and profuse bleeding which leads to poor visibility, increased operation time and postoperative requirement of blood transfusion. Therefore, the use of sclerosing agent is recommended before surgical removal. This may help in decreasing bleeding during surgery but not in all cases.

Case Report:
Here, we report the use of Foley's catheter for the management of a high flow lesion of lower lip in a 12-year-old patient diagnosed with Mowat-Wilson syndrome. This technique helped in providing bloodless field which lead to minimal blood loss and good visibility intraoperatively.
Prevalence of sleep practices and sleep problems of schoolchildren in South Kanara
Authors: Yerra Anusha , Shetty Vabitha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Disturbances in sleep could affect normal growth as well as behavior of children. It could also impair their cognitive development. Sleep problems have been increasing over the past few years. However, there is a gap regarding information about sleep practices and sleep problems among Indian children.

Aim:
A sleep questionnaire was designed and validated to assess the frequency of sleep practices and sleep problems in 500 children.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in 5 local schools in South Kanara district by administering the questionnaire to the parents/caretakers under the guidance of a trained investigator. We also sought to examine the association of demographics, medical/behavior/academic performance, sleep patterns, and home environment to sleep problems in these children.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics were recorded as mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and in frequency and percentage for qualitative data.

Results:
We found a high prevalence of bedroom sharing (92.4%) and bed-sharing (91.2%). 46.4% of the children exhibited at least one sleep problem, the most prevalent being bed-wetting (17%). Sleep problems were considerably greater in older children and in children with behavioral problems. Practices such as watching TV and using computer after 8 pm/at bedtime were significantly associated with all sleep problems.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed definite and significant presence of sleep problems in the children of South Kanara. Strong associations were observed between certain sleep practices and problems.