bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of community‐acquired pathogens to antibiotics in Africa and Asia in neonates – an alarmingly short review
Authors: Lubell Yoel , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Turner Claudia , Turner Paul , White Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjective To assess the susceptibility of community‐acquired pathogens in neonatal sepsis to commonly prescribed antibiotics in sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia since 2002.Methods Literature review in PubMed and Embase. Susceptibility was estimated for pathogens individually and stratified by region. Isolates were also classified into Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens to estimate their pooled susceptibility.Results and conclusions Only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The available data indicated poor susceptibility to almost all commonly used antibiotics in pathogens such asStaphylococcus aureusandKlebsiellaspp. OnlyStreptococcus pneumoniaeexhibited good susceptibility to all drugs other than cotrimoxazole. The extreme scarcity of data prevents drawing any firm conclusions beyond the urgent need for more studies to identify the best treatments for neonatal sepsis in the developing world.
Patients’ level of knowledge measured five days after kidney transplantation
Authors: Urstad Kristin H. , Andersen Marit H. , Øyen Ole , Moum Torbjørn , Wahl Astrid K. 
Published: November 2010

Urstad KH, Andersen MH, Øyen O, Moum T, Wahl AK. Patients’ level of knowledge measured five days after kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 646–652. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Kidney recipients’ knowledge is important in terms of coping with short‐term problems posed by transplantation and the long‐term outcome. Little attention has been given to the development of instruments for measuring patient’s knowledge in this field.Aim:  The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a knowledge questionnaire for kidney recipients and to explore possible factors related to the knowledge level.Methods:  The sample consisted of 159 kidney recipients at a Norwegian transplant center, answering the questionnaire five d post‐transplantation.Results:  The questionnaire was generated on the basis of literature review and clinical experience – and was pilot tested. Mean score of the questionnaire was 11, of 19 obtainable points. Longer duration of kidney disease was significantly correlated with an increased knowledge level, whereas the longer the time on dialysis prior to transplantation and post‐operative complications were found to have significantly negative impact on total knowledge score.Conclusions:  The positive impact of disease duration may suggest that insight gained over time makes patients better prepared for the transplantation itself and for life post‐transplant. However, the negative impact of dialysis duration could be attributed to impaired cognitive function imposed by chronic dialysis treatment. Further research is needed regarding the questionnaire’s responsiveness to educational interventions.
Clinical features of late onset non‐infectious pulmonary complications following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Park Meerim , Koh Kyung Nam , Kim Bo Eun , Im Ho Joon , Seo Jong Jin 
Published: November 2010

Park M, Koh KN, Kim BE, Im HJ, Seo JJ. Clinical features of late onset non‐infectious pulmonary complications following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E168–E176. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Late onset non‐infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We evaluated the incidence and the outcomes of LONIPCs in children who underwent allo‐HSCT.Methods:  Data for 143 children who underwent allo‐HSCT at Asan Medical Center between April 2002 and April 2009 were reviewed, and the 127 who survived more than three months were enrolled.Results:  Eleven (8.7%) developed LONIPCs at a median eight months (range 3–14 months) after allo‐HSCT, presenting with cough and dyspnea. Six had bronchiolitis obliterans and five had idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. FVC declined more significantly in LONIPC than in non‐LONIPC patients three months after HSCT. A significant risk factor for the development of LONIPCs was chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (p = 0.002). At a median follow‐up of 36 months, the three‐yr overall survival rate in LONIPC patients was significantly lower than that of non‐LONIPC patients (37.4% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.02). The major cause of death was respiratory failure.Conclusions:  Along with chronic GVHD, deterioration of pulmonary function at three months after HSCT may help in the early identification of patients at risk of subsequent LONIPCs. Considering the poor prognosis of LONIPC, strategies should be aimed at their prevention.
Clinical evaluation of chronic nephrotoxicity of long‐term cyclosporine A treatment in adult patients with steroid‐dependent nephrotic syndrome
Authors: OKADA TOMONARI , MATSUMOTO HIROSHI , NAGAOKA YUME , TOMARU RYO , IWASAWA HIDEAKI , WADA TOSHIKAZU , NAKAO TOSHIYUKI 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Chronic nephrotoxicity of long‐term cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment is a matter of concern in patients with steroid‐dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).Methods:  Twenty‐eight adult NS patients (25, minimal‐change nephrotic syndrome (NS); three, focal‐segmental glomerulosclerosis) were divided into three groups. Group A was continuously treated with CsA for more than 5 years (143 ± 40 months, 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/kg per day at final analysis, n = 12); group B had been previously treated with CsA (70 ± 27 months, n = 6); and group C had been treated with corticosteroids alone (n = 10). The clinical variables related to chronic CsA nephrotoxicity were examined.Results:  In groups A and B, estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from 86 ± 22 and 107 ± 17 to 83 ± 23 and 88 ± 13 mL/min per 1.73 m2, respectively, at final analysis (both P < 0.05). Serum magnesium levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B or C (A, 1.78 ± 0.16 mg/dL; B, 2.00 ± 0.14 mg/dL; C, 2.03 ± 0.10 mg/dL; A vs B, C, P < 0.01), and a significant correlation between these and the duration of CsA treatment was found (r = −0.68, P < 0.001). There was a trend towards a correlation between the duration of CsA administration and urinary α1‐microglobulin (r = 0.38, P = 0.07).Conclusion:  Mild decrease in renal function and hypomagnesemia were found in adult SDNS patients with long‐term CsA treatment. Careful monitoring of renal function, blood pressure and serum magnesium levels is necessary.
The next generation: Using new sequencing technologies to analyse gene regulation
Authors: CULLUM Rebecca , ALDER Olivia , HOODLESS Pamela A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTNext generation sequencing (NGS) has pushed back the limitations of prior sequencing technologies to advance genomic knowledge infinitely by allowing cost‐effective, rapid sequencing to become a reality. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling can be achieved using NGS with either Tag‐Seq, in which short tags of cDNA represent a gene, or RNA‐Seq, in which the entire transcriptome is sequenced. Furthermore, the level and diversity of miRNA within different tissues or cell types can be monitored by specifically sequencing small RNA. The biological mechanisms underlying differential gene regulation can also be explored by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation with NGS (ChIP‐Seq). Using this methodology genome‐wide binding sites for transcription factors, RNAP II, epigenetic modifiers and the distribution of modified histones can be assessed. The superior, high‐resolution data generated by adopting this sequencing technology allows researchers to distinguish the precise genomic location bound by a protein and correlate this with observed gene expression patterns. Additional methods have also been established to examine other factors influencing gene regulation such as DNA methylation or chromatin conformation on a genome‐wide scale. Within any research setting, these techniques can provide relevant data and answer numerous questions about gene expression and regulation. The advances made by pairing NGS with strategic experimental protocols will continue to impact the research community.
Medical visits of childhood cancer survivors in Japan: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ishida Yasushi , Ozono Shuichi , Maeda Naoko , Okamura Jun , Asami Keiko , Iwai Tsuyako , Kamibeppu Kiyoko , Sakamoto Naoko , Kakee Naoko , Horibe Keizo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Although more children with cancer continue to be cured, these survivors experience various late effects. Details of the medical visit behaviors of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in adulthood remain to be elucidated.Methods:  In order to examine medical visits in the past and future of CCS, we performed a cross‐sectional survey with self‐rating questionnaires on medical visits of CCS compared with control groups (their siblings and the general population).Results:  Questionnaires were completed by 185 CCS, 72 of their siblings and 1000 subjects from the general population and the results were analyzed. Mean ages at this survey and the duration after therapy completions of CCS were 23 and 12 years, respectively. We found that the previous treatment hospitals (where CCS were treated for their cancer) were the most commonly visited medical facilities for the CCS group (74% for female patients and 64% for male patients) and more than half of the CCS preferred to continue visiting the previous treatment hospital with enough satisfaction in Japan. The multivariate analysis showed that female sex and relapse were significantly associated with the past visits to the previous treatment hospital and that the CCS with brain tumors or bone/soft tissue sarcomas and CCS with any late effects tended to continue the relationships with the hospital. In addition female sex was also significantly associated with desired future visits to the previous treatment hospital. On the other hand, the married CCS tended to be disinclined to visit the hospital it in the future.Conclusions:  In order to optimize risk‐based care and promote health for CCS after adulthood, we should discuss the medical transition with CCS and their parents.
Nationwide survey to evaluate the prevalence of varicoceles in South Korean middle school boys: A population based study
Authors: Baek Minki , Park Seong Woon , Moon Kyung Hyun , Chang Young Seop , Jeong Hee Jong , Lee Sang Wook , Han Sang Won , Kim Young Sig ,   The Korean Society of Pediatric Urology
Published: November 2010

Objective:  We carried out a nationwide epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence and effect of varicoceles on testicular volume in South Korean adolescents. We also investigated the correlation between varicoceles and body mass index (BMI).Methods:  In this prospective study, physical examinations were carried out to assess the presence and severity of varicoceles in middle school boys from six regions of South Korea. Testicular volume, height and weight of all boys were measured. The prevalence of varicoceles was assessed. The associations between age, testicular volume, BMI, and the presence and severity of varicoceles were examined.Results:  A total of 1938 boys with a mean age of 14.1 years (range 13–16 years) were screened. A varicocele was found on the left side in 295 (15.2%) boys and on the right side in 8 (0.4%) boys. Bilateral varicoceles were found in 17 (0.9%) individuals. Of the subjects with a left varicocele, 151 (51.2%), 80 (27.1%) and 64 (25.1%) boys had a grade 1, 2 or 3 varicocele, respectively. The prevalence of varicoceles did not increase with age. The proportion of boys with testicular size discrepancies increased with the severity of the varicocele. After adjusting for age, BMI had a negative correlation with the presence of varicoceles.Conclusions:  The prevalence of varicoceles in South Korean middle school boys is 16.5%. The presence of varicoceles seems to have a negative effect on testicular growth. BMI has a significant inverse relationship with the occurrence of varicoceles.
Does performance of robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within 2 weeks of prostate biopsy affect the outcome?
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Chung Mun Su , Chung Yeun Goo , Park Kyung Kgi , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: November 2010

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine whether robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) performed within either 2 or 4 weeks of prostate biopsy is associated with surgical difficulty or immediate postoperative outcome.Methods:  Of the 121 patients that underwent RALP at our institution, 104 patients were prospectively included. Patients were sequentially divided into three groups: first patient in group A (interval from biopsy to RALP: 2 weeks), second patient in group B (2–4 weeks), third patient in group C (more than 4 weeks), fourth patient in group A, and so on. The clinical, operative, pathological, and postoperative functional data were collected.Results:  Group A consisted of 31 patients, group B of 33, and group C of 40 patients. Median patient age and median follow up were 61.1 years and 14.1 months, respectively. In group A, mean estimated blood loss was significantly higher than the other two groups, even though there was no significant difference in the mean console time. Postoperative complications did not make any difference among the groups. In the multivariable analysis, the interval from biopsy to surgery did not affect operative times or surgical margins, or the immediate postoperative outcomes (e.g. recovery of erectile function, continence, and biochemical recurrence).Conclusion:  A short interval for less than two weeks between the prostate biopsy and the RALP seems to be feasible and safe. Further studies with larger samples are needed to corroborate these findings.
Stock market synchronicity – an alternative approach to assessing the information impact of Australian IFRS
Authors: Bissessur Sanjay , Hodgson Allan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHow has the mandatory adoption in 2005 of International Financial Reporting Standards in (IFRS) affected information flow for investors in Australia? This paper investigates impact by examining synchronicity issues. Morck et al. (2000) label the degree to which stock prices depend upon market and industry wide information as market synchronicity, and the degree to which they reflect firm specific information as idiosyncratic dependency. Increased synchronicity can signal several events, including a loss of confidence in firm specific accounting data, reduced transparency, or evidence of a greater degree of cross sectional comparability. We develop and test three theoretical models on the impact of IFRS and find a general decrease in synchronicity in the first two post‐IFRS years, followed by a reversion to a significantly higher level in later years. Further tests reveal lower analyst forecast earnings errors post‐IFRS. Results provide restrictive support for the International Accounting Standards Board contention that IFRS accounting provides higher specific and comparable information content – at least for sophisticated financial analysts.
Improved foreign gene expression in plants using a virus‐encoded suppressor of RNA silencing modified to be developmentally harmless
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Hsieh Yi‐Cheng , Alvarado Veria Y. , Sainsbury Frank , Saunders Keith , Lomonossoff George P. , Scholthof Herman B. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryEndeavours to obtain elevated and prolonged levels of foreign gene expression in plants are often hampered by the onset of RNA silencing that negatively affects target gene expression. Plant virus–encoded suppressors of RNA silencing are useful tools for counteracting silencing but their wide applicability in transgenic plants is limited because their expression often causes harmful developmental effects. We hypothesized that a previously characterized tombusvirus P19 mutant (P19/R43W), typified by reduced symptomatic effects while maintaining the ability to sequester short‐interfering RNAs, could be used to suppress virus‐induced RNA silencing without the concomitant developmental effects. To investigate this, transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana was used to evaluate the ability of P19/R43W to enhance heterologous gene expression. Although less potent than wt‐P19, P19/R43W was an effective suppressor when used to enhance protein expression from either a traditional T‐DNA expression cassette or using the CPMV‐HT expression system. Stable transformation of N. benthamiana yielded plants that expressed detectable levels of P19/R43W that was functional as a suppressor. Transgenic co‐expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and P19/R43W also showed elevated accumulation of GFP compared with the levels found in the absence of a suppressor. In all cases, transgenic expression of P19/R43W caused no or minimal morphological defects and plants produced normal‐looking flowers and fertile seed. We conclude that the expression of P19/R43W is developmentally harmless to plants while providing a suitable platform for transient or transgenic overexpression of value‐added genes in plants with reduced hindrance by RNA silencing.
A Re‐Assessment of Common Theoretical Approaches to Explain Gender Differences in Continuing Training Participation
Authors: Dieckhoff Martina , Steiber Nadia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is often argued that gender differences in access to continuing training are a central cause of persisting gender inequalities in occupational attainment. Yet existing empirical work has presented rather mixed evidence regarding a potential sex gap in training participation. In this article, we carry out an empirical test of the central theoretical models commonly used to explain gender differences in continuing training participation. Using the European Social Survey, we find that male employees are more likely to train than their female colleagues, controlling for worker, firm and job characteristics, with some tentative evidence for differences across countries. Common theoretical approaches to understanding gender differences in continuing skill investment to some degree explain men's training incidence, while they largely fail to predict that of women.
Beyond the Flexibility/Security Trade‐Off: Reconciling Confident Consumers with Insecure Workers
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe article proposes an analysis of labour markets and related social policy that corrects the supply‐side emphasis that has dominated economic policy since the decline of Keynesian approaches in the late 1970s. It starts from a potential tension between the apparent need of economies for both flexible workers and confident consumers. This can be resolved through three different approaches: separating insecure workers from secure consumers, separating consumption from labour incomes, and integrating flexibility and security within the labour market itself. These approaches are played out across four different contexts: place, time, externalizing problems on to minorities within a given community, internalizing problems within the community. Up to 19 different public policies and corporate practices are identified, occupying different positions on the framework. These go considerably beyond the issues of industrial relations institutions and related social policy that are the normal focus of labour market studies.
Workplace Partnership and the Balance of Advantage: A Critical Case Analysis
Authors: Geary John , Trif Aurora 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhether all parties to the employment relationship benefit from workplace partnership and with what consequences is one of the most persistent research questions in industrial relations scholarship. Three dominant theoretical frameworks are identified. They are the mutual gains, pessimistic and constrained mutuality perspectives. Using both quantitative and qualitative case study data, the article queries the prevailing view that it is possible to categorize partnership outcomes as fitting neatly into one of these three theoretical perspectives. The article investigates the critical role of employees' perceptions of the distribution of partnership gains for their orientation to their employer and union, and in regard to their support for a continuation of a partnership approach.
Works Councils and Firm Profits Revisited
Authors: Mueller Steffen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs they are employee associations, it is typically presumed that works councils redistribute economic rents from firm owners to workers. And indeed, the empirical literature suggests that German works councils reduce profits. The studies on the profitability effect of works councils mainly use self‐reported subjective profit evaluations of managers as the dependent variable. I argue that these are poor measures of real profits. Newly available information on firms' capital stock allows me to revisit the profit effect now using an objective profit measure. When utilizing the subjective measure I find the standard results; with the objective measure, however, the works council effect on profits is positive and significant.
Stereotype threat in salary negotiations is mediated by reservation salary
Authors: TELLHED UNA , BJÖRKLUND FREDRIK 
Published: November 2010

Tellhed, U. & Björklund, F. (2011). Stereotype threat in salary negotiations is mediated by reservation salary. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 185–195.Women are stereotypically perceived as worse negotiators than men, which may make them ask for less salary than men when under stereotype threat (Kray et al., 2001). However, the mechanisms of stereotype threat are not yet properly understood. The current study investigated whether stereotype threat effects in salary negotiations can be explained by motivational factors. A total of 116 business students negotiated salary with a confederate and were either told that this was diagnostic of negotiating ability (threat manipulation) or not. Measures of minimum (reservation) and ideal (aspiration) salary goals and regulatory focus were collected. The finding (Kray et al., 2001) that women make lower salary requests than men when under stereotype threat was replicated. Women in the threat condition further reported lower aspiration salary, marginally significantly lower reservation salary and less eagerness/more vigilance than men. Reservation salary mediated the stereotype threat effect, and there was a trend for regulatory focus to mediate the effect. Thus, reservation salary partly explains why women ask for less salary than men under stereotype threat. Female negotiators may benefit from learning that stereotype threat causes sex‐differences in motivation.