bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for More Learning Opportunities in Real-Time Ultrasonography for Undergraduate Medical Students: A Call for Pre-clerkship Electives
Authors: Santana Genesys , Bustamante Sergio , Kraenzler Erik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMedical education is at a point of transition in which it must reform to meet the demand of healthcare providers competent in ultrasonography. This article recommends the pre-clerkship elective infrastructure as a method for medical schools to begin prototyping content and modes of delivering ultrasound education. Doing so will prepare medical students earlier in their careers to use and build upon their knowledge of ultrasound during clerkships and as residents.
An improved fruit fly optimization algorithm with Q-learning for solving distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problems
Authors: Zhao Cai , Wu Lianghong , Zuo Cili , Zhang Hongqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) is one of the hottest issues in the context of economic globalization. In this paper, a Q-learning enhanced fruit fly optimization algorithm (QFOA) is proposed to solve the DPFSP with the goal of minimizing the makespan. First, a hybrid strategy is used to cooperatively initialize the position of the fruit fly in the solution space and the boundary properties are used to improve the operation efficiency of QFOA. Second, the neighborhood structure based on problem knowledge is designed in the smell stage to generate neighborhood solutions, and the Q-learning method is conducive to the selection of high-quality neighborhood structures. Moreover, a local search algorithm based on key factories is designed to improve the solution accuracy by processing sequences of subjobs from key factories. Finally, the proposed QFOA is compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms for solving 720 well-known large-scale benchmark instances. The experimental results demonstrate the most outstanding performance of QFOA.
Novel titanium-based sulfur-containing BMG for PBF-LB/M
Authors: Schönrath Hanna , Wegner Jan , Frey Maximilian , Schroer Martin A. , Jin Xueze , Pérez-Prado María Teresa , Busch Ralf , Kleszczynski Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the additive manufacturing route for a novel glass-forming titanium-based sulfur-containing alloy of the composition $${\text{Ti}}_{60} {\text{Zr}}_{15} {\text{Cu}}_{17} {\text{S}}_{8}$$

Ti
60

Zr
15

Cu
17

S
8

. This system is a promising candidate for medical devices since the lack of toxic components is combined with a high corrosion resistance and strength. Preliminary experiments and simulations show a general processability of bulk material by powder bed fusion technologies. TEM and XRD reveal an amorphous microstructure of laser-treated surfaces. Ultrasonic atomization is used to fabricate a flowable powder feed stock with spherical morphology and crystalline microstructure, which is suitable for processing in powder bed fusion. Correlations between detected crystalline phase formations and melt pool dynamics are revealed by SEM and EDX. It is shown that bulk samples with a high relative density and partially crystalline microstructure can be manufactured.
Quantification and valorization of compost derived from urban households’ waste in Bukavu City, Eastern D.R. Congo
Authors: Chuma Géant B. , Mondo Jean M. , Ndeko Adrien B. , Akuzibwe Etienne M. , Bagula Espoir M. , Mushagalusa Gustave N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focused on quantifying and valorizing domestic waste in Bukavu, a rapidly growing city in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). With increasing anthropogenic pressure, waste management has become a pressing issue, yet documentation in this area is still limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by providing comprehensive data on domestic waste generation, composition, and disposal practices in Bukavu city. Through field surveys and analysis, waste quantities and types were documented, revealing significant challenges in waste management infrastructure and practices. Additionally, the study explores opportunities for waste valorization, particularly through composting, given the region's agricultural potential and growing urban food demand. The findings revealed that ~ 5% of the domestic waste is biodegradable, with the majority consisting of metals and plastics. These wastes are predominantly used as livestock feed (10%), incinerated (66%), or buried (17%), with ~ 5% undergoing composting. Waste management is primarily handled by children (82%), with very few non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in such activities. Among the three composting methods evaluated, outputs from vermicomposting demonstrated superior qualities in terms of promoting crop growth, increasing yield, and achieving a high germination index. Overall, the application of composts improved plant growth and yield parameters of the two major legumes (common bean and soybean). Future interventions should explore the implementation of large-scale composting units at the household or citywide level, while also considering additional strategies to enhance the quality of the compost products. Such efforts are crucial in mitigating the environmental and health impacts of urban household waste and promoting sustainable practices in urban agriculture.
Between Appeasement and Accommodation: Kōmeitō's Policy Influence under Second Abe Administration
Authors: Sohn Sukeui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the Kōmeitō's strategies for policy influence within the coalition framework with its coalition partner, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) during the period of Second Abe Administration (2012–2020). As a junior coalition partner, Kōmeitō faces unity–distinctiveness dilemma, where it must accommodate policy demands of the senior partner while appeasing its core support base, Sōka Gakkai. This article argues that the junior partner's strategies for policy influence are determined by two factors: overlap/distinctiveness of policy inclinations and the positive/negative issue associations measured by the level of involvement in decision-making, i.e. portfolio allocation. Three cases are analyzed to elucidate the diversity of Kōmeitō's policy influence, the strategies of which range from corrective moderation, to nudging, to threats, all utilized to maintain a balance between reinforcing “distinctiveness” from the senior partner and consolidating coalition coherence to sustain competence within the coalition framework.
GREENER IS CHEAPER: AN EXAMPLE FROM OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhamoy , Kammen Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWF) are now in operation and increasingly under construction as scalable, sustainable energy sources. In fact OWFs are currently the cheapest form of new energy projects in Europe. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for OWF has fallen drastically due to decades of innovation facilitated by both taxpayer and private sector funding. This emerging industry is experiencing massive worldwide growth with the potential to accelerate the decarbonization of regional and the global economy as well as bring a reliable source of green hydrogen into commercial use, all with minimal disruption to ecosystems and impacts on biodiversity. This paper provides a historical perspective of wind energy harnessing and shows that wind turbines are the oldest, largest and one of the smartest machines. We also highlight the potential of offshore wind energy to provide new solutions to (a) meet clean energy demand for a growing world population, (b) improve energy security of nations through other downstream technologies such as production and storage of dispatchable fuel (such as green hydrogen battery storage) and (c) through supply complementarity improve resilience of nuclear power plants in high-seismic-activity areas. Offshore wind industry can also become a gold standard for future industries, and the paper provides insights into the new green economics and jobs and factories for the future. We show that environment-friendly regulation is driving innovations even further to enhance sustainability of OWF. Examples include material recycling, landfill ban on blade disposal and ecofriendly low-noise offshore construction to protect biodiversity.
A classification of automorphic Lie algebras on complex tori
Authors: Knibbeler Vincent , Lombardo Sara , Oelen Casper 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe classify the automorphic Lie algebras of equivariant maps from a complex torus to $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C})$. For each case, we compute a basis in a normal form. The automorphic Lie algebras correspond precisely to two disjoint families of Lie algebras parametrised by the modular curve of $\mathrm{PSL}_2({\mathbb{Z}})$, apart from four cases, which are all isomorphic to Onsager’s algebra.
The Thermal Evolution of Western Norway Based on Multi‐Sample Models of an Elevation Transect: Implications for the Formation of High‐Elevation Low‐Relief Surfaces on an Elevated Rifted Continental Margin
Authors: Hestnes Å. , Gasser D. , Ketcham R. , Dunkl I. , Ksienzyk A. K. , Scheiber T. , Sirevaag H. , Jacobs J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe post‐Caledonian thermal and geomorphological evolution of onshore Western Norway is poorly understood, including the formation and age of the high‐elevation low‐relief surfaces seen across the Norwegian landscape. We present new apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He analyses from an elevation transect (ET) covering ∼1,800 m vertical distance below a high‐elevation low‐relief surface in the inner Nordfjord. The AFT ages increase with elevation from 159 ± 11 Ma to 256 ± 21 Ma and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages increase with elevation from 80 ± 4 Ma to 277 ± 15 Ma. In order to test different possible thermal evolutions, we present the first multi‐sample thermal history models from Norway using HeFTy combining both AFT and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages along the ET, refining available thermal history models for the area considerably. The best modeling results are found for a thermal evolution with slow cooling throughout the Mesozoic and increased cooling rates from the Late Cretaceous until present, indicating a Cenozoic age for the low‐relief surface at the top of the transect. The models also allow for cooling to surface conditions in the Late Jurassic, but such an evolution must have been followed by rapid burial by 1.5–3 km Cretaceous sediments, and by re‐exhumation in the Cenozoic, indicating that the low‐relief surface cannot represent a simply uplifted Jurassic or Cretaceous peneplain. We compare our results with multi‐sample models from the wider North Atlantic region, supporting previous findings of Cenozoic exhumation and landscape forming processes within that region.
ZDR Backwards Arc: Evidence of Multi‐Directional Size Sorting in the Storm Producing 201.9 mm Hourly Rainfall
Authors: Li Haoran , Yin Jinfang , Kumjian Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present radar polarimetric characterizations of the storm producing 201.9 mm hourly rainfall on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, China. We employed the separation signatures of enhanced polarimetric observations to investigate hydrometeor size sorting processes, and developed an algorithm to quantify the size sorting directions. Analysis of coupled polarimetric observations unraveled multi‐directional size sorting (MSS) occurred as a low‐level differential reflectivity ZDR backwards arc signature encompassing the rainfall center during the most intensive rainfall period. The rainfall intensification is in step with the increase of size sorting directions. Model simulations with two‐moment microphysics scheme suggest that the presence of arc‐shaped updrafts is conducive to MSS and increased rain rates around the rainfall center. This work sheds novel insights into the kinematics‐driven microphysics in extreme rainfall storms, warranting the potential of using coupled polarimetric signatures for warning catastrophic extreme rainfall events.
Decreased frontal theta frequency during the presence of smartphone among children: an EEG study
Authors: Shaer Rawnaq , Eldin Sheherban Nasser , Gashri Carmel , Horowitz-Kraus Tzipi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Smart devices have become an integral part of our lives. However, research has highlighted the potential implications of smartphone presence on task performance, particularly in young children. This study aimed to determine the effect of a smartphone presence on brainwaves associated with cognitive interruption in children.

Methods
EEG data were collected from 5.3 to 8.5-year-old children performing a simple reaction time task with and without the presence of a smartphone. Theta and alpha bands were calculated, and repeated measure analysis of variance was performed to assess the impact of two conditions on alpha and theta bands: 1) with the presence and; 2) without the presence of a smartphone. EEG waveforms were also correlated with standardized cognitive measures evaluating attention abilities using Pearson correlation.

Results
Theta and alpha activity values were higher in the absence vs the presence of a smartphone, with a significant difference between theta bands for the two study conditions. Moreover, the difference between theta bands in the two conditions was significantly correlated with lower scores on an auditory attention test.

Conclusions
The existence of an interactive electronic device during cognitive tasks is associated with alterations in brain activity related to cognitive control.

Impact

The presence of a smartphone during a simple reaction time task in young children was associated with a significant decrease in frontal theta frequency.

A trend of a decreased alpha band in the presence of a smartphone.

The differences in theta and alpha frequencies between conditions were significantly correlated with lower scores in auditory and visual attention and inhibition tests.
A novel TGFbeta/TGILR axis mediates crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells to drive gastric cancer progression
Authors: Qin Shanshan , Guo Qiwei , Liu Yue , Zhang Xiangang , Huang Pan , Yu Hedong , Xia Lingyun , Leng Weidong , Li Dandan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, little is known about the biological function of TGFbeta-induced lncRNA in cancer. In this study, we discovered a novel TGFbeta-induced lncRNA, termed TGILR, whose function in cancer remains unknown to date. TGILR expression was directly activated by the canonical TGFbeta/SMAD3 signaling axis, and this activation is highly conserved in cancer. Clinical analysis showed that TGILR overexpression showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis and poor survival and was an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC). Depletion of TGILR caused an obvious inhibitory effect on GC cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, we demonstrated that TGFbeta signaling in GC was overactivated due to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration. Mechanistically, increased level of CAF-secreted TGFbeta activates TGFbeta signaling, leading to TGILR overexpression in GC cells. Meanwhile, TGILR overexpression inhibited the microRNA biogenesis of miR-1306 and miR-33a by interacting with TARBP2 and reducing its protein stability, thereby promoting GC progression via TCF4-mediated EMT signaling. In conclusion, CAF infiltration drives GC metastasis and EMT signaling through activating TGFbeta/TGILR axis. Targeted blocking of CAF-derived TGFbeta should be a promising anticancer strategy in GC.
Tumor microenvironment-induced FOXM1 regulates ovarian cancer stemness
Authors: Battistini Chiara , Kenny Hilary A. , Zambuto Melissa , Nieddu Valentina , Melocchi Valentina , Decio Alessandra , Lo Riso Pietro , Villa Carlo Emanuele , Gatto Alessia , Ghioni Mariacristina , Porta Francesca M. , Testa Giuseppe , Giavazzi Raffaella , Colombo Nicoletta , Bianchi Fabrizio , Lengyel Ernst , Cavallaro Ugo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn ovarian tumors, the omental microenvironment profoundly influences the behavior of cancer cells and sustains the acquisition of stem-like traits, with major impacts on tumor aggressiveness and relapse. Here, we leverage a patient-derived platform of organotypic cultures to study the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and ovarian cancer stem cells. We discovered that the pro-tumorigenic transcription factor FOXM1 is specifically induced by the microenvironment in ovarian cancer stem cells, through activation of FAK/YAP signaling. The microenvironment-induced FOXM1 sustains stemness, and its inactivation reduces cancer stem cells survival in the omental niche and enhances their response to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. By unveiling the novel role of FOXM1 in ovarian cancer stemness, our findings highlight patient-derived organotypic co-cultures as a powerful tool to capture clinically relevant mechanisms of the microenvironment/cancer stem cells crosstalk, contributing to the identification of tumor vulnerabilities.
IFRD1 promotes tumor cells “low-cost” survival under glutamine starvation via inhibiting histone H1.0 nucleophagy
Authors: Huang Yabin , Meng Fanzheng , Zeng Taofei , Thorne Rick Francis , He Lifang , Zha Qingrui , Li Hairui , Liu Hong , Lang Chuandong , Xiong Wanxiang , Pan Shixiang , Yin Dalong , Wu Mian , Sun Xuedan , Liu Lianxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlutamine addiction represents a metabolic vulnerability of cancer cells; however, effective therapeutic targeting of the pathways involved remains to be realized. Here, we disclose the critical role of interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) in the adaptive survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells during glutamine starvation. IFRD1 is induced under glutamine starvation to inhibit autophagy by promoting the proteasomal degradation of the key autophagy regulator ATG14 in a TRIM21-dependent manner. Conversely, targeting IFRD1 in the glutamine-deprived state increases autophagy flux, triggering cancer cell exhaustive death. This effect largely results from the nucleophilic degradation of histone H1.0 and the ensuing unchecked increases in ribosome and protein biosynthesis associated with globally enhanced chromatin accessibility. Intriguingly, IFRD1 depletion in preclinical HCC models synergizes with the treatment of the glutaminase-1 selective inhibitor CB-839 to potentiate the effect of limiting glutamine. Together, our findings reveal how IFRD1 supports the adaptive survival of cancer cells under glutamine starvation, further highlighting the potential of IFRD1 as a therapeutic target in anti-cancer applications.
An isoform quantitative trait locus in SBNO2 links genetic susceptibility to Crohn’s disease with defective antimicrobial activity
Authors: Aschenbrenner Dominik , Nassiri Isar , Venkateswaran Suresh , Pandey Sumeet , Page Matthew , Drowley Lauren , Armstrong Martin , Kugathasan Subra , Fairfax Benjamin , Uhlig Holm H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite major advances in linking single genetic variants to single causal genes, the significance of genetic variation on transcript-level regulation of expression, transcript-specific functions, and relevance to human disease has been poorly investigated. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) is a candidate gene in a susceptibility locus with different variants associated with Crohn’s disease and bone mineral density. The SBNO2 locus is also differentially methylated in Crohn’s disease but the functional mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that the isoforms of SBNO2 are differentially regulated by lipopolysaccharide and IL-10. We identify Crohn’s disease associated isoform quantitative trait loci that negatively regulate the expression of the noncanonical isoform 2 corresponding with the methylation signals at the isoform 2 promoter in IBD and CD. The two isoforms of SBNO2 drive differential gene networks with isoform 2 dominantly impacting antimicrobial activity in macrophages. Our data highlight the role of isoform quantitative trait loci to understand disease susceptibility and resolve underlying mechanisms of disease.
L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibition combined with radiotherapy in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma: dose escalation of the phase I/II GLORIA trial
Authors: Giordano Frank A. , Layer Julian P. , Leonardelli Sonia , Friker Lea L. , Turiello Roberta , Corvino Dillon , Zeyen Thomas , Schaub Christina , Müller Wolf , Sperk Elena , Schmeel Leonard Christopher , Sahm Katharina , Oster Christoph , Kebir Sied , Hambsch Peter , Pietsch Torsten , Bisdas Sotirios , Platten Michael , Glas Martin , Seidel Clemens , Herrlinger Ulrich , Hölzel Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemokine CXCL12 promotes glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) by facilitating vasculogenesis. Here we report outcomes of the dose-escalation part of GLORIA (NCT04121455), a phase I/II trial combining RT and the CXCL12-neutralizing aptamer olaptesed pegol (NOX-A12; 200/400/600 mg per week) in patients with incompletely resected, newly-diagnosed GBM lacking MGMT methylation. The primary endpoint was safety, secondary endpoints included maximum tolerable dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), NOX-A12 plasma levels, topography of recurrence, tumor vascularization, neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO), quality of life (QOL), median progression-free survival (PFS), 6-months PFS and overall survival (OS). Treatment was safe with no dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related deaths. The MTD has not been reached and, thus, 600 mg per week of NOX-A12 was established as RP2D for the ongoing expansion part of the trial. With increasing NOX-A12 dose levels, a corresponding increase of NOX-A12 plasma levels was observed. Of ten patients enrolled, nine showed radiographic responses, four reached partial remission. All but one patient (90%) showed at best response reduced perfusion values in terms of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). The median PFS was 174 (range 58-260) days, 6-month PFS was 40.0% and the median OS 389 (144-562) days. In a post-hoc exploratory analysis of tumor tissue, higher frequency of CXCL12+ endothelial and glioma cells was significantly associated with longer PFS under NOX-A12. Our data imply safety of NOX-A12 and its efficacy signal warrants further investigation.