bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dwelling-Type Choices of Older Canadians and Future Housing Demand: An Investigation Using the Aging and Social Support Survey (GSS16)
Authors: Perks Thomas , Haan Michael 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude examina comment les réseaux de soutien socials, la santé, et les caractéristiques économiques ont façonné les choix résidentiels des Canadiens âgés et prédit comment ils sont susceptibles de le faire à l’avenir, en faisant usage de L’Enquête sociale generale: Le soutien social et le vieillissement (ESG), la logique de régression multinomiale et les techniques de projection de la cohorte-composant. Il est axé sur la distribution des personnes âgées de 55-à-75-ans habitant trois types de logement privé: communauté vivant, le logement limité à l’âge et logement limité à l’âge avec soins infirmiers. L’analyse montre que les caractéristiques de soutien social sont les plus forts indicateurs du type de logement, ce qui signifie que les individus apparaissent choisir leurs logements en grande partie sur la base de leurs besoins et désirs sociaux, plutôt que selon leurs caractéristiques économiques ou de santé. L’analyse indique également une demande accrue spécifique à l’âge pour tous les types de logement à l’avenir, mais avec une réduction de plus de 2 millions de Canadiens plus âgés qui vivent dans des logements dans la communauté en générale entre 2002 et 2022.
The Sympathetic State
Authors: Dauber Michele Landis 
Published: August 2010

In 1962, Francis Perkins, Franklin Roosevelt's secretary of labor, recalled the “Roots of Social Security” for an audience of Social Security Administration staff members. The Committee on Economic Security, which had broad agreement on most issues, “broke out into a row because the legal problems were so terrible.” According to Perkins, the legal committee had deadlocked in the summer of 1934 over the crucial question of the constitutional basis for federal authority over unemployment and old age insurance. Then, as Perkins told the crowd, she paid a social call on Justice Harlan Fiske Stone's wife. The justice himself sat down to tea and asked how she was getting on. She seized the opportunity and laid before him the problem that was occupying the Committee:Well, you know, we are having big troubles, Mr. Justice, because we don't know in this draft of the Economic Security Act, which we are working on—we are not quite sure, you know, what will be a wise method of establishing this law. It is a very difficult constitutional problem you know. We are guided by this, that, and the other case. [Justice Stone] looked around to see if anyone was listening. Then he put his hand up like this, confidentially, and he said, “The taxing power, my dear, the taxing power. You can do anything under the taxing power.”
The potential of herbaceous native Australian legumes as grain crops: a review
Authors: Bell Lindsay W. , Bennett Richard G. , Ryan Megan H. , Clarke Heather 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMany agricultural systems around the world are challenged by declining soil resources, a dry climate and increases in input costs. The cultivation of plants that are better adapted than current crop species to nutrient poor soils, a dry climate and low-input agricultural systems would aid the continued profitability and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. This paper examines herbaceous native Australian legumes for their capacity to be developed as grain crops adapted to dry environments. The 14 genera that contain herbaceous species areCanavalia, Crotalaria, Cullen, Desmodium, Glycine, Glycyrrhiza, Hardenbergia, Indigofera, Kennedia, Lotus, Rhynchosia, Swainsona, TrigonellaandVigna. A number of these genera (e.g.,Glycine, Crotalaria, TrigonellaandVigna) include already cultivated exotic grain legumes. Species were evaluated based on the extent to which their natural distribution corresponded to arid and semi-arid climatic regions, as well as the existing information on traits related to harvestability (uniformity of ripening, propensity to retain pod, pod shattering and growth habit), grain qualities (seed size, chemistry, color and the absence of toxins) and fecundity. Published data on seed yield were rare, and for many other traits information was limited. The Australian species ofVigna,CanavaliaandDesmodiummainly have tropical distributions and were considered poorly suited for semi-arid temperate cropping systems. Of the remaining generaGlycyrrhizaandCrotalariaspecies showed many suitable traits, including an erect growth habit, a low propensity to shatter, flowers and fruits borne at the end of branches and moderate to large seeds (5 and 38 mg, respectively). The species for which sufficient information was available that were considered highest priority for further investigation wereGlycine canescens, Cullen tenax, Swainsona canescens, Swainsona colutoides, Trigonella suavissima, Kennedia prorepens, Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa, Crotalaria cunninghamiiandRhynchosia minima.
Effects of Acute Atrial Dilation on Heterogeneity in Conduction in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
Authors: EIJSBOUTS SABINE C.M. , MAJIDI MOHAMED , ZANDVOORT MARC van , ALLESSIE MAURITS A. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Atrial dilation plays an important role in the development and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms by which atrial dilation increases the vulnerability to AF are not fully understood.
Methods and Results: In 11 isolated rabbit hearts, the right atrium was acutely dilated by increasing the intra‐atrial pressure from 2 to 9 and 14 cm H2O. A rectangular mapping array of 240 electrodes (spatial resolution 0.5 mm) was positioned on the free wall of the right atrium. The atrium was paced from four different sites at intervals of 240 and 125 msec. At normal atrial pressure (2 cm H2O), conduction was uniform in all directions with an anisotropy ratio between 1.5 and 1.7. Increasing the pressure to 9 cm H2O decreased the normalized conduction velocity during rapid pacing by 18%. The incidence of areas of slow conduction and conduction block increased from 6.6% and 1.6% to 10.2% and 3.3%. At 14 cm H2O, conduction velocity decreased by 31% and the percentage of slow conduction and block further increased to 11.5% and 6.6%

(P < 0.001).

The appearance of lines of intra‐atrial block was largely dependent on the pacing site. Whereas during pacing at the cranial part of the crista terminalis no increase in conduction delays occurred, pacing from the low right atrium unmasked several lines of block oriented parallel to the major trabeculae and the crista terminalis. In an additional series of six hearts the left atrium also was mapped. The effect of dilation of the left atrium was comparable to that of the right atrium. Increasing the atrial pressure to 14 cm H2O increased the amount of intra‐atrial conduction block threefold to fourfold.
Conclusion: Acute atrial dilation results in slowing of conduction and an increase of the amount of intra‐atrial conduction block. The increase in spatial heterogeneity in conduction was related to the anisotropic properties of the atrial wall.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 269‐278, March 2003)
Characterization of Onset Mechanism and Waveform Analysis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Using a High‐Resolution Noncontact Mapping System
Authors: WEBER STEFAN , NDREPEPA GJIN , SCHNEIDER MICHAEL , GEISSLER BERNADETTE , SCHREIECK JÜRGEN , KARCH MARTIN , SCHMIEDER SEBASTIAN , DEISENHOFER ISABEL , ZRENNER BERNHARD , SCHÖMIG ALBERT , SCHMITT CLAUS 
Published: August 2010

Characterization of AF with Noncontact Mapping.
Introduction: Information on the spatiotemporal organization of atrial activity at the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited. Methods and Results: The study consisted of 26 consecutive patients (22 men and 4 women; mean age 56 ± 9 years) with AF in whom the left atrium (LA) was mapped using a noncontact mapping system. At the onset of AF, the AF cycle lengths and wavefronts were analyzed at the site of origin of the triggering atrial premature complex (APC) and five predefined sites within the LA (superior, anterior, posterior, lateral, and septal walls). If repetitive activity was observed at the site of origin of APCs, triggered AF episodes were considered as focally driven. APCs that induced AF had shorter coupling intervals than APCs that did not induce AF (300 ± 41 msec vs 392 ± 64 msec, P < 0.001). Immediately after AF onset, repetitive firing was crucial for maintenance of arrhythmia in 52 (80%) of 65 AF episodes. In 13 AF onset episodes (20%), AF was maintained by other mechanisms. The number of LA wavefronts after AF onset was lower in focally driven AF episodes compared with episodes in which no focally driven activity was observed (1.9 ± 0.6 v. 2.3 ± 2.3 wavefronts, P < 0.05). After the onset of AF, the posterior wall of the LA showed the earliest disorganized activity (after 5.2 ± 3.1 cycles). Conclusion: In the majority of AF episodes (80%), repetitive firing from the triggering foci may play an important role in maintaining AF immediately after arrhythmia onset. In 20% of the episodes, AF at early stages seems to be maintained by other mechanisms. The capability of APCs to induce AF depends on the coupling interval and the focus localization. The posterior wall of the LA shows the earliest disorganization of wavefronts at the onset of AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 176‐181, February 2003)
Temporary Atrial Epicardial Pacing as Prophylaxis Against Atrial Fibrillation after Heart Surgery:
Authors: DAOUD EMILE G. , SNOW RICK , HUMMEL JOHN D. , KALBFLEISCH STEVEN J. , WEISS RAUL , AUGOSTINI RALPH 
Published: August 2010

Pacing for Postoperative AF.
Introduction: Recent studies have reported the use of temporary epicardial atrial pacing as prophylaxis for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pacing therapies for prevention of postoperative AF using meta‐analysis. Methods and Results: Using a computerized MEDLINE search, eight pacing prophylaxis trials with 776 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Trials compared control patients to patients randomized to right atrial, left atrial, or biatrial pacing used in conjunction with either fixed high‐rate pacing or overdrive pacing. Overdrive biatrial pacing (OR 2.6, CI 1.4–4.8), overdrive right atrial pacing (OR 1.8, CI 1.1–2.7), and fixed high‐rate biatrial pacing (OR 2.5, CI 1.3–5.1) demonstrated a significant antiarrhythmic effect for prevention of AF after open heart surgery. Furthermore, studies investigating overdrive left atrial pacing and fixed high‐rate right atrial pacing have been underpowered to assess efficacy. Conclusion: Biatrial overdrive and fixed highz‐rate pacing and right atrial fixed high‐rate pacing reduced the risk of new‐onset AF after open heart surgery, and the relative risk reduction is approximately 2.5‐fold. These results imply that various pacing algorithms are useful as a nonpharmacologic method to prevent postoperative AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 127‐132, February 2003)
Pericaval and Periannular Intra‐atrial Reentrant Tachycardias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: MANDAPATI RAVI , WALSH EDWARD P. , TRIEDMAN JOHN K. 
Published: August 2010

Pericaval IART in CHD. Introduction: Intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is a frequent late sequel of congenital heart surgery, often involving the cavotricuspid isthmus. In this report, we characterize pericaval reentry, a novel mechanism of isthmus‐dependent IART in congenital heart patients, and compare its electrophysiologic characteristics with periannular atrial flutter. Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic and electroanatomic mapping data and acute outcomes were reviewed in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease who underwent electrophysiologic study/radiofrequency catheter ablation at The Children's Hospital, Boston between January 1999 and November 2000. The study included all congenital heart patients with IART and who had undergone (1) the Fontan procedure and (2) a biventricular surgical repair other than atrial switch procedures. Thirty‐seven IARTs were mapped in 22 Fontan patients. Twelve of 37 IARTs (33%) that revolved about the inferior vena cava (IVC) and involved the isthmus between the IVC and the tricuspid dimple/right‐sided AV valve were identified in 12 patients (48%). Mean pericaval IART cycle length was 332 ± 60 msec (range 240–410). An adjacent or surrounding area of scarring was observed in 10 of 12 IARTs. Slow zones (mean activation latency 39%± 11% IART cycle length) were detected in 8 of 12 circuits. The boundaries of the zone of slow conduction were scar‐low crista (6) and scar‐IVC (2). Periannular IART with CL 289 ± 65 ms was observed in 14 of 20 patients with 4‐chambered hearts. Slow zones (mean activation latency 28 ± 9% IART cycle length) were found in 8 of 14 circuits. In both forms of IART, the predominant direction of activation of the isthmus was lateral to septal; 83% in pericaval IART and 87% in periannular IART. Radiofrequency catheter ablation successfully terminated 11 of 11 pericaval and 13 of 14 periannular IARTs. Conclusion: Pericaval reentry is a novel and ablatable mechanism of IART in patients specific to the Fontan procedure. It is distinguished from periannular atrial reentry by its association with Fontan anatomy, longer cycle lengths, and occurrence of a prominent discrete zone(s) of slow conduction. Both pericaval and periannular reentry show a marked preference for utilization of the isthmus in a lateral‐to‐septal direction. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 119‐125, February 2003)
Molecular Genetic Analysis of PRKAG2 in Sporadic Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome
Authors: VAUGHAN CARL J. , HOM YOLANDA , OKIN DANIEL A. , McDERMOTT DEBORAH A. , LERMAN BRUCE B. , BASSON CRAIG T. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Mutations in the PRKAG2 gene that encodes the gamma2 regulatory subunit of AMP‐activated protein kinase have been shown to cause autosomal dominant Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Prior studies focused on familial WPW syndrome associated with other heart disease such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, such disease accounts for only a small fraction of WPW cases, and the contribution of PRKAG2 mutations to sporadic isolated WPW syndrome is unknown.
Methods and Results: Subjects presented for clinical electrophysiologic evaluation of suspected WPW syndrome. WPW syndrome was diagnosed by ECG findings and/or by clinically indicated electrophysiologic study prior to enrollment. Echocardiography excluded hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography and automated sequencing were used to search for PRKAG2 mutations. Twenty‐six patients without a family history of WPW syndrome were studied. No subject had cardiac hypertrophy, and only one patient had associated congenital heart disease. Accessory pathways were detected at diverse locations within the heart. Two polymorphisms in PRKAG2 were detected. [inv6+36insA] occurred in intron 6 in 4 WPW patients and [inv10+10delT] in intron 10 in 1 WPW patient. Both occurred in normal unrelated chromosomes. No PRKAG2 mutations were detected.
Conclusion: This study shows that, unlike familial WPW syndrome, constitutional mutation of PRKAG2 is not commonly associated with sporadic WPW syndrome. Although polymorphisms within the PRKAG2 introns were identified, there is no evidence that these polymorphisms predispose to accessory pathway formation because their frequency is similarly high in both WPW patients and normal individuals. Further studies are warranted to identify the molecular basis of common sporadic WPW syndrome.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 263‐268, March 2003)
Coronary Ischemia Induced by Radiofrequency Ablation in the Left Atrium
Authors: SIMON RON D.B. , GILL JASWINDER S. 
Published: August 2010

Ischemia Induced by RF Ablation in LA.
Introduction: We report three cases of transient, reversible coronary ischemia occurring after radiofrequency ablation in the left atrium. Methods and Results: A 56‐year‐old man with a left atrial tachycardia that was mapped to the septum and roof of the atrium using a noncontact mapping developed 5‐mm ST elevation in the anterolateral leads. Coronary angiography showed an occluded diagonal that was opened using intracoronary nitrate, which led to resolution of the ST changes. A 57‐year‐old man undergoing right upper pulmonary vein ablation developed 6‐mm ST elevation in leads V1–V4, II, III, and aVF. Coronary angiography showed normal coronaries with slow flow into the left anterior descending artery, which resolved with nitrates. A 50‐year‐old man undergoing left lower pulmonary vein ablation developed 3‐mm reversible inferior ST elevation. All patients were adequately anticoagulated after transseptal access to the left atrium. Conclusion: Ablation in the left atrium, at the roof, septum, and left inferior wall, can cause transient coronary ischemia, possibly due to spasm, which can be reversed with intracoronary nitrates. This phenomenon has not been previously described. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 186‐190, February 2003)
Atrial Noninvasive Activation Mapping of Paced Rhythm Data
Authors: Modre Robert , Tilg Bernhard , Fischer Gerald , Hanser Friedrich , Messnarz Bernd , Seger Michael , Schocke Michael F.H. , Berger Thomas , Hintringer Florian , Roithinger Franz X. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias have emerged as a topic of great interest for clinical electrophysiologists. Noninvasive imaging of electrical function in humans may be useful for computer‐aided diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, which can be accomplished by the fusion of data from ECG mapping and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Results: In this study, a bidomain‐theory–based surface heart model activation time (AT) imaging approach was applied to paced rhythm data from four patients. Pacing sites were the right superior pulmonary vein, left inferior pulmonary vein, left superior pulmonary vein, coronary sinus, posterior wall of right atrium, and high right atrium. For coronary sinus pacing, the AT pattern of the right atrium was compared with a CARTO map. The root mean square error between CARTO geometry (85 nodal points) and the surface model of the right atrium was 8.6 mm. The correlation coefficient of the noninvasively obtained AT map of the right atrium and the CARTO map was 0.76. All pulmonary vein pacing sites were identified. The reconstructed pacing site of right posterior atrial pacing correlates with the invasively determined pacing catheter position with a localization distance of 4 mm. Conclusion: The individual anatomic model of the atria of each patient enables accurate noninvasive AT imaging within the atria, resulting in a localization error for the pacing sites within 10 mm. Our findings may have implications for imaging of atrial activity in patients with focal arrhythmias or focal triggers. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 712‐719, July 2003)
Ambulatory Electrocardiogram‐Based Tracking of T Wave Alternans in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients to Assess Risk of Cardiac Arrest or Arrhythmic Death
Authors: Verrier Richard L. , Nearing Bruce D. , Rovere Maria Teresa La , Pinna Gian Domenico , Mittleman Murray A. , Bigger J. Thomas , Schwartz Peter J. ,   ATRAMI Investigators
Published: August 2010

Introduction: This is the first study to assess T wave alternans (TWA) analyzed from routine ambulatory electrocardiograms (AECGs) to identify postmyocardial infarction (post‐MI) patients at increased risk for arrhythmic events. Methods and Results: The new method of modified moving average (MMA) analysis was used to measure TWA magnitude in 24‐hour AECGs from ATRAMI, a prospective study of 1,284 post‐MI patients. Using a nested case‐control approach, we defined cases as patients who experienced cardiac arrest due to documented ventricular fibrillation or arrhythmic death during the follow‐up period of 21 ± 8 months. We analyzed 15 cases and 29 controls matched for sex, age, site of MI, left ventricular ejection fraction, thrombolysis, and beta‐blockade therapy. TWA was reported as the maximum 15‐second value at three predetermined times associated with cardiovascular stress: maximum heart rate, 8:00 A.M., and maximum ST segment deviation. TWA increased significantly from baseline in both leads at each time point (P ≪ 0.01) in cases and controls. TWA in V5 increased more in cases than controls during peak heart rate (P = 0.005) and at 8:00 A.M. (P = 0.02). A 4‐ to 7‐fold higher odds of life‐threatening arrhythmias was predicted by TWA level above the 75th percentile during maximum heart rate in leads V1 (odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–16.3, P = 0.04) and V5 (OR 7.9, 95% CI: 1.9–33.1, P = 0.005). TWA at 8:00 A.M. also predicted risk in leads V1 (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.2–20.5, P = 0.02) and V5 (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1–16.3, P = 0.04). Conclusion: TWA measurement from routine 24‐hour AECGs is a promising approach for risk stratification for cardiac arrest and arrhythmic death in relatively low‐risk post‐MI patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 705‐711, July 2003)
Comparison of Coronary Sinus Morphology in Patients With and Without Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia by Intracardiac Echocardiography
Authors: OKUMURA YASUO , WATANABE ICHIRO , YAMADA TAKESHI , OHKUBO KIMIE , MASAKI RIKO , SUGIMURA HIDEZOU , HASHIMOTO KENICHI , KOFUNE TATSUYA , TAKAGI YASUHIRO , WAKITA RIE , OSHIKAWA NAOHIRO , SAITO SATOSHI , OZAWA YUKIO , KANMATSUSE KATSUO , YOSHIKAWA YASUYUKI , ASAKAWA YUKO 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Dual AV nodal physiology is the electrophysiologic substrate for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), but the anatomic basis for this arrhythmia remains to be elucidated. Atrial flutter (AFL) has been shown to be more frequently inducible in patients with AVNRT. Methods and Results: A 3.2‐French, 20‐MHz intracardiac ultrasound (ICUS) catheter was introduced into the coronary sinus (CS), and two‐dimensional ICUS images were recorded during transducer pullback in 21 patients with AVNRT and 18 control patients. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the CS was created using the TomTec Imaging system. The area of the CS lumen at 15 mm within the CS ostium (os) was not significantly different in patients with and without AVNRT (54.4 ± 34.7 mm2 vs 39.1 ± 28.5 mm2). However, the area of the CS os was significantly larger in patients with AVNRT than in those without (112.1 ± 60.9 mm2 vs 71.7 ± 44.4 mm2, P < 0.05). Three‐dimensional morphology of the CS os revealed flaring in patients with AVNRT, giving it a “windsock” appearance. Sustained AFL was induced in 10 of 21 patients with AVNRT, but in none of 18 control patients (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The CS os was significantly wider in patients with AVNRT than in those without. These findings may have important implications for arrhythmia pathogenesis in AVNRT as well as AFL. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 269‐273, March 2004)