bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean Distances and Dependence Structures for Lifetimes of Systems With Shared Components
Authors: Capaldo Marco , Di Crescenzo Antonio , Pellerey Franco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDistortion and copula functions represent powerful tools in the description of the reliability of some complex systems as functions of their components' reliability. On this aim, we study several pairs of reliability systems with one or more shared components, in the case when their lifetimes are independent and identically distributed or independent but not identically distributed. We focus on the dependence that arises from sharing components, often described by Marshall‐Olkin copulas, making use of some distance measures related to the Gini's mean difference and its new recent generalizations. A special role is played by a new distortion function related to the ROC curve.
Investigation of a broad‐spectrum micronutrient formulation as a possible precipitant of pharmacokinetic micronutrient–drug interactions
Authors: Kew Bess M. , Doogue Matthew P. , McNeill Richard , Zhang Mei , Rucklidge Julia J. , Frampton Christopher M. , Mulder Roger T. , Beaglehole Ben 
Published: February 2025

AimsDaily broad‐spectrum micronutrients are being used by the general public and formulations are receiving research interest in mental health settings. Despite concerns about combining medicines and broad‐spectrum micronutrients in mental health care, there have not been any formal evaluations of potential interactions. Our objective was to evaluate a broad‐spectrum micronutrient formula as a potential precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions through inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.MethodsThis was a single‐centre pharmacokinetic study. Twelve healthy participants received broad‐spectrum micronutrients for 14 days (Days 1–14). Participants were administered a ‘cocktail’ of selective CYP probes midazolam 2 mg (CYP3A), dextromethorphan 30 mg (CYP2D6), losartan 25 mg (CYP2C9), omeprazole 20 mg (CYP2CI9) and caffeine 100 mg (CYP1A2) on Day 0 and Day 14, before taking and while taking broad‐spectrum micronutrients. Plasma drug concentrations were measured at baseline and for 8 h following cocktail administration. AUC, Cmax and Tmax were compared before and after broad spectrum micronutrient administration using paired t­tests.ResultsPre‐ and post‐micronutrient geometric means (SD) for AUC0‐8h (μg*h/L) were: midazolam 25 (13) and 26 (14), P = 0.60; dextromethorphan 25 (99) and 19 (110), P = 0.46; losartan 219 (105) and 205 (76), P = 0.20; omeprazole 474 (394) and 402 (342), P = 016; and caffeine 13 800 (5400) and 12 800 (3500), P = 0.79. There were no statistically significant changes in geometric means of probe Cmax, or Tmax for any of the study drugs.ConclusionsBroad‐spectrum micronutrients are unlikely to be a major precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions.
Intersections between cognitive‐emotion regulation, critical thinking and academic resilience with academic motivation and autonomy in EFL learners: Contributions of AI‐mediated learning environments
Authors: Yang Chao , Wei Ming , Liu Qi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rapid and pervasive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into education presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. While AI‐powered tools offer personalised learning experiences and access to vast knowledge repositories, their successful implementation hinges on a nuanced understanding of how learners' psychological and cognitive processes interact within these dynamic environments. This study delved into the intricate interplay between cognitive‐emotion regulation, critical thinking, academic resilience, academic motivation and autonomy in a cohort of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners engaged in AI‐mediated learning. For this, a sample of 302 EFL learners was recruited using a stratified random sampling method. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis through SMART PLS software. Findings revealed that there was a significant correlation between cognitive‐emotion regulation and academic motivation and autonomy among EFL learners in AI‐mediated learning environments. Moreover, the results showed that a significant correlation between critical thinking and academic motivation and autonomy existed. Additionally, the outcomes indicated that the academic resilience was significantly correlated with the academic motivation and autonomy. These findings underscored that by cultivating learners' ability to effectively manage their emotions, engage in critical inquiry and exercise autonomy, educators can empower them to navigate the complexities of AI‐integrated learning environments, achieve academic success and develop the essential skills for lifelong learning in the digital age.
Fluorometric Innovations for Ultrasensitive Trace Element Analysis in Environmental Matrices
Authors: Pragathi Y. , Naga Prashant K. , Suvarna Yenduri 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTrace elements in environmental matrices and their potential harm to humans and the ecosystem are causing growing concern. For environmental monitoring and assessment, trace element analysis in water, soil, and air must be precise. Due to its selectivity and sensitivity, fluorometric analysis has grown in popularity. This review covers the latest fluorometric approaches for trace element measurement in environmental samples. This review discusses sensitive and selective fluorometric probes. A significant increase in fluorescence intensity makes this probe better for trace element research. Various parameters like pH, temperature, and reaction time were carefully optimized in each approach to increase sensitivity and accuracy. The current study sheds light on this analytical approach's concepts, applications, and difficulties. In general, fluorometric analysis is important for environmental studies. For researchers, it allows them to use fluorometric technology with other methods and focus on real‐time analysis to solve environmental challenges.
Synthesis of Novel Donor‐π‐Acceptor Benzothiazole‐Thiazolidinone Fluorescent Chromophores With Enhanced Biological Activity
Authors: Alharbi Haifa , Alsharief Hatun H. , Alrefaei Abdulmajeed F. , Alsharari Abdulrhman M. , Al‐Ghamdi S. A. , Aldosari F. M. , Alatawi Ibrahim S. S. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFour benzothiazole‐thiazolidine‐4‐one derivatives 6 and 7a–c were prepared, and their chemical constructions were proved by IR, NMR, UV–Vis absorption, and emission spectra. The absorption spectra of the synthesized derivatives showed that extending the conjugated system through the insertion of a substituted benzylidene group led to a red shift of λmax, where the nitro derivative 7c displayed the longer wavelength. Likewise, the emission spectra presented the same effect, where the Stock shift displayed a reversed order in which the parent 6 has the highest value. The synthesized derivatives exhibited cytotoxic effectiveness against several tumor cell lines, where compound 7b displayed significant cytotoxicity towards MCF‐7 cells (IC50 = 8.73 ± 0.41 μM). The in vitro VEGFR‐2 kinase inhibitory activity of synthetic benzothiazole‐thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives has been assessed, where derivative 7c had the strongest inhibition (IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.10 μM), followed by derivatives 7b and 7a, respectively. However, the molecular docking showed that derivatives 7b and 7c have higher binding affinity than Sorafenib due to unique molecular interactions with target residues. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the newly synthesized derivatives showed that derivative 7b revealed moderate lipophilicity and a lack of Lipinski violations, making it a viable lead contender.
Process Optimization of Stir‐Fried Inonotus hispidus Based on the Box–Behnken Design‐Response Surface Method and the Component Variations During the Stir‐Frying Process
Authors: Yang Xueqi , Song Jipeng , Lu Huali , Gao Xinyu , Sun Rong , Wang Jiaxin , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Guoying , Zhao Pan , Zhao Xin , Liu Jiangting 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to optimize the processing of Inonotus hispidus (I. hispidus) by single‐factor studies and response surface methodology (RSM). Stir‐frying temperature, stir‐frying time, and rotational speed of the stir‐frying machine were considered as the variables under investigation, whereas ergosterol, total polysaccharides, alcohol‐soluble leachate, appearance, and shape were the parameters being studied. Based on single‐factor studies, the optimal stir‐frying process parameters for I. hispidus were determined using the subjective evaluation analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–entropy weighting method in conjunction with the Box–Behnken design‐response surface method (BBD). Correlation analysis of the indicator components and colorimetric values was conducted using correlation and stepwise regression analysis methods. Compositional changes during processing of the concoction were analyzed using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap/MS. The optimal process conditions for stir‐frying I. hispidus were a stir‐frying temperature of 160°C, a stir‐frying time of 9 min, and a rotational speed of the stir‐frying machine of 40 r/min. Indicators that have a correlation with colorimetric values include alcohol‐soluble leachate, appearance and shape. The composition has changed during the concoction process, particularly the styrylpyrones. The preferred formulation process is stable and feasible, providing a reference for researching the formulation process of I. hispidus and clinical medication.
Bryophyllum pinnatum Induces p53‐Dependent Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells via Increased Intracellular ROS and G2/M Cell‐Cycle Arrest In Vitro and Validated in Silico by Molecular Docking
Authors: Mukherjee Sumoyee , Banik Sheuli Kangsa , Chakraborty Sourio , Das Tanya , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta , Tripathi Anusri 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical treatments of cancer having several limitations and toxic side‐effects, have led researchers to focus towards development of alternative natural plant‐based therapeutics that can reduce disease severity. The present research work is mainly focussed towards identifying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) by perennial herb Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf‐extract via both in vitro experimentations and in silico analysis. B. pinnatum leaf extract induced highest cytotoxicity at lowest dose (IC50:0.01 mg/mL) against HCT116 cells with 49.5% (p < 0.0001) cellular death, in comparison to other cancer cell lines. It has arrested HCT116 cell populations at G2/M cell‐cycle phase and led to 10 folds (p < 0.0001) and 5.5 folds (p < 0.0001) increased intracellular ROS production in treated groups. ROS production might have led to significant 34.23% and 21.03% (p < 0.0001) apoptosis in treated cells, proved in vitro and in silico, with significant upregulation of p53 (p < 0.0001), BAX (p = 0.0252), CASPASE3 (p < 0.0001) and downregulation of BCL2 (p = 0.0058), leading to increased nuclear p53 (p = 0.0002) accumulation in treated cells, suggesting that the leaf‐extract might have induced p53‐dependent apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. The phyto‐extract also possess significant gene‐modulatory potential as evident from qRT‐PCR analysis of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Leaf's bioactive phyto‐constituents were elucidated by GC‐MS and HPLC‐ESI/MS analysis. In silico STITCH analysis provided significant network interactions between these bioactive phyto‐compounds and studied proteins. Further Molecular Docking studies revealed strong binding between such docked complexes. Also, predicted major bioactive phyto‐constituents of B. pinnatum leaf‐extract such as Quercetin, Morin and β‐Sitosterol have induced significant (p < 0.0001) apoptosis and increased intracellular ROS, validating their in silico interactions with studied proteins of HCT116 cells. All these studies together demonstrated ability of B. pinnatum to be used as a suitable natural phyto‐therapeutic agent for development of chemo‐preventive medications against colorectal cancer.
Sulfur‐Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Biocompatible Photocatalyst for Rapid Aqueous PET‐RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Yu Yue , Tao Songyuan , Zeng Qingsen , Ma Zhihui , Zhang Kai , Yang Bai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo achieve the target of carbon neutrality, it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development. Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well‐defined structures. However, conventional semiconductor‐mediated PET‐RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment. Herein, sulfur‐doped carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET‐RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h−1. The resulting polymers have well‐controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion (Ð < 1.10). Based on the optoelectronic characterizations, we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD‐mediated PET‐RAFT polymerization. In addition, as‐synthesized CPDs for PET‐RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources (blue/green/solar irradiation), numerous monomers, low catalyst loading (low as 0.01 mg mL−1), and multiple polar solvent environments, all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor‐mediated methods. Finally, the CPDs were confirmed to be non‐cytotoxic and catalyzed PET‐RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media, indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.
Design, Synthesis, and Biophysical Characterization of Pyridine Bis‐Quinazoline Derivatives as Selective G‐Quadruplex DNA Stabilizers
Authors: Das Rabindra Nath , Chorell Erik 
Published: February 2025

Non‐canonical G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA structures play key roles in cellular regulation and are promising targets for cancer therapy. This study reports the design, synthesis, and biophysical evaluation of 15 novel pyridine bis‐quinazoline derivatives for their ability to selectively bind and stabilize G4 DNA structures. The pyridine‐bis‐quinazoline central fragment was synthesized with various amine side chains via a 4–5 step sequence in high yields. Comprehensive analyses using different fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, fluorescence intercalator displacement (FID), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assays revealed strong G4 stabilization and selectivity over double‐stranded DNA. The presence and composition of the aliphatic amine side chain proved critical and propylamine linkers exhibited superior performance, achieving ΔTm values exceeding 20 °C and dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Structural preferences were observed for parallel and hybrid G4 topologies, and the ligands induced minimal conformational changes in G4 DNA upon binding. Finally, cell viability assays on HCT‐8 and HepG2 cancer cell lines revealed that most ligands effectively entered the cells and decreased cancer cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings underline the potential of pyridine bis‐quinazoline derivatives as selective G4‐stabilizing agents, paving the way for further exploration in anticancer drug development.
Procedural Complications and Inpatient Outcomes of Leadless Pacemaker Implantations in Rural Versus Urban Hospitals in the United States
Authors: Nguyen Amanda , Khan Muhammad Zia , Sattar Yasar , Alruwaili Waleed , Nassar Sameh , Alhajji Mohamed , Alyami Bandar , Neely Joseph , Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Agarwal Siddharth , Raina Sameer , Balla Sudarshan , Nguyen Bao , Fan Dali , Darden Douglas , Munir Muhammad Bilal 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDisparities in invasive cardiovascular care and outcomes in rural and urban hospitals across the United States have been reported. However, studies investigating disparities regarding leadless pacemaker outcomes and complications based on hospital location are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in outcomes and complications related to leadless pacemaker implantations among rural and urban hospitals.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent leadless pacemaker implantations in the United States from 2016 to 2020. Study endpoints assessed included procedural complications and inpatient outcomes of leadless pacemaker implantations among rural and urban hospitals.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2020, there were a total of 28 340 and 665 leadless pacemaker implantations in urban and rural hospitals, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among both groups, with notable exceptions of higher rates of coagulopathies (13.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001) and peripheral vascular disorders (10.4% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001) among urban patients. After multivariable adjustment for confounding variables, leadless pacemaker placements occurring in rural hospitals had lower odds of major complications (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.86), but increased odds of inpatient mortality (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.21–2.40). Overall, rural leadless pacemaker recipients experienced lower rates of discharge to home, as well as lower costs and length of stay.ConclusionsA majority of leadless pacemaker implantations occurred in urban hospitals in the United States. Important differences in outcomes were described based on urban and rural hospital location. Further investigation and policy changes are encouraged to promote improved cardiovascular care and outcomes in rural residents.
Surface Defect Detector Based on Deformable Convolution and Lightweight Multi‐Scale Attention
Authors: Xia Zilin , Huang Zedong , Gu Jinan , Wang Wenbo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe detection of defects on industrial surfaces is essential for guaranteeing the quality and safety of products. Deep learning‐based object detection methods have demonstrated impressive efficacy in industrial applications in recent years. However, due to the complex and variable shape of defects, the similarity between defects and background, large intra‐class differences, and small inter‐class differences lead to low classification accuracy, it is a great challenge to achieve accurate defect detection. To overcome these challenges, this research proposed a novel network specifically designed for defect detection. First, a feature extraction network, ResDCA‐Net, is constructed based on deformable convolution and lightweight multi‐scale attention, where deformable convolution can adaptively adjust to extract features of defects with complex and variable shapes. Second, the lightweight multi‐scale attention module is constructed, which uses multi‐branch and cross‐space fusion to obtain the complete feature space attention map, thereby improving the defect feature attention and reducing the background feature attention. Third, to enhance the classification and localization accuracy, an attention‐based decoupled prediction module is proposed to ensure that the classification and regression branches of the model can focus on their required features. Finally, extensive comparative experiments indicate that the proposed approach performs best, achieving 83.7% and 83.4% mean Average Precision (mAP) on the GC10‐DET and NEU‐DET datasets, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed individual modules is further validated in ablation experiments, which demonstrate the excellent performance and potential in defect detection tasks.
Development of Syngeneic Murine Glioma Models with Somatic Mismatch Repair Deficiency to Study Therapeutic Responses to Alkylating Agents and Immunotherapy
Authors: Bhatt Deepti , Sundaram Ranjini K. , López Karla S. Lugo , Lee Teresa , Gueble Susan E. , Vasquez Juan C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of less than 15 months. Temozolomide (TMZ), the standard frontline chemotherapeutic for GBM, is an alkylating agent that generates DNA O6‐methylguanine (O6MeG) lesions. Without O6MeG‐methyltransferase (MGMT), this lesion triggers the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway and leads to cytotoxicity via futile cycling. TMZ resistance frequently arises via the somatic acquisition of MMR deficiency (MMRd). Moreover, DNA‐damaging agents have been shown capable of increasing tumor immunogenicity and improving response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which has had limited success in glioma. The study of how alkylating chemotherapy such as TMZ impacts antitumor immunity in glioma has been hindered by a lack of immunocompetent models that incorporate relevant DNA repair genotypes. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate models isogenic for knockout (KO) of Mlh1 in the syngeneic SB28 murine glioma cell line. MMR KO models readily formed intracranial tumors and exhibited in vitro and in vivo resistance to TMZ. In contrast, MMR KO cells maintained sensitivity to KL‐50, a newly developed alkylating compound that exerts MGMT‐dependent, MMR‐independent cytotoxicity. Lastly, MMR KO tumors remained resistant to ICB, mirroring the lack of response seen in patients with somatic MMRd GBM. The development of syngeneic, immunologically cold glioma models with somatic loss of MMR will facilitate future studies on the immunomodulatory effects of alkylating agents in relevant DNA repair contexts, which will be vital for optimizing combinations with ICB. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Validation of mismatch repair knockouts and in vitro sensitivity to alkylating agentsBasic Protocol 2: Stereotaxic injection of isogenic SB28 cells in female C57BL/6J mice and in vivo treatment
An Unweighted Factor Hybrid Method to Balance Neutral‐Point Voltage for Hybrid‐Multiplexed Fifteen‐Switch Converter
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Wang Guifeng , Ji Jinling , Yuan Xin , Jiang Yunhui , Luo Chao , Du Qigang , Liu Zhan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNowadays, in order to improve the reliability of the hybrid‐multiplexed Fifteen‐switch converter (HM‐15SC), the neutral‐point voltage (NPV) balancing control and the reduction of the number of prediction operations (NPOs) are considered. The small vector model predictive current control (SV‐MPCC) method selects P‐ or N‐type small vector groups to be input to the evaluation function by the upper and lower capacitor voltages on the dc side and selects the optimal switching state of each leg under this control cycle to trade off the NPV balance and the power quality at the output. Based on the improved single‐leg independent model prediction current control (SL‐MPCC) method, each leg is predicted to operate independently to achieve the goal of reducing the NPO and improving the power quality at the output. When the NPV is unbalanced, the proposed method employs SV‐MPCC to balance the NPV. When the NPV is balanced, then it employs the SL‐MPCC method to reduce the NPO. Therefore, a weightless factor hybrid method for NPV balancing is proposed. The method maintains the advantage of the SV‐MPCC method to balance the NPV and reduces the NPO by the SL‐MPCC method. More, the proposed method introduces the time‐sharing idea to realize the separate control of the three‐phase ac at the upper output and the three sets of dc at the lower output. The test results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method realizes the NPV control without a weighting factor and improves the power quality at the output based on the improved SL‐MPCC method.