bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of a large panel of non‐starch polysaccharides reveals structures with selective regulatory properties in dendritic cells
Authors: Wismar René , Brix Susanne , Lærke Helle Nygaard , Frøkiær Hanne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: Structural‐based recognition of foreign molecules is essential for activation of dendritic cells (DCs) that play a key role in regulation of gut mucosal immunity. Orally ingested non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) are ascribed many health‐promoting properties, but currently we lack insight into the impact of structure and size for their capacity to affect immune responses.Methods and results: This study addresses the importance of chemical structure, size, origin and presence of contaminants for the capacity of both dietary and non‐food NSP to modulate DC. Of 28 NSP products, β‐glucans of microbial and plant origin and the galactomannan guar gum were found to modulate the DC cytokine pattern induced by the Toll‐like receptor 4‐ligand LPS giving rise to reduced IL‐12p70 and increased IL‐10 levels, whereas IL‐6 production was unaffected. A large proportion of the tested NSP were able to down‐regulate LPS‐induced IL‐12p70 production. The most potent NSP induced up‐regulation of CD86 on DC independently of LPS stimulation. Cereal‐based β‐glucans showed less potency than β‐glucans of microbial origin, but proper molecular weight composition and preparation may improve effectiveness.Conclusions: Collectively, this comparative study revealed that some plant‐derived NSP besides those of microbial origin exert modulation of the DC phenotype, with the exact structure being important for the activity.
Biological effects of acrylamide after daily ingestion of various foods in comparison to water: A study in rats
Authors: Berger Franz Ingo , Feld Julia , Bertow Daniel , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Fricker Gert , Gerhardt Natalie , Merz Karl‐Heinz , Richling Elke , Baum Matthias 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope:Acrylamide (AA), classified as a genotoxic carcinogen, is generated by heating foods. We studied whether the food matrix modulates bioavailability and/or biotransformation and investigated kinetics and biological effectiveness of AA in rats.Methods and results:AA was given to the animals at a daily intake level of AA containing foods for up to 9 days, resulting in an exposure of 50 or 100 μg AA/kg body weight (b.w.)/day. Positive controls received the same dosages of AA in water, negative controls just water. As biomarkers urinary mercapturic acids, hemoglobin adducts, plasma levels of AA and glycidamide (GA) and DNA integrity in white blood cells and hepatocytes were measured. Altogether, no significant differences in bioavailability of AA from water and the different food matrices were observed. Only with bread crust, biomarkers indicated a slightly reduced bioavailability. Monitoring glycidamide valine adduct adducts did not provide evidence for treatment‐related significantly enhanced GA‐haemoglobin adduct formation in blood although glycidamide mercapturic acid excretion in urine indicated significant GA formation.Conclusions:The results suggest AA at dietary intake levels, exceeding estimated human mean intake by a factor of at least 100 to become detoxified in Sprague–Dawley rats to a major extent through glutathione coupling.
Prenylated chalcones 4‐hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by inducing GLUT4 translocation
Authors: Kawabata Kyuichi , Sawada Keisuke , Ikeda Kazunori , Fukuda Itsuko , Kawasaki Kengo , Yamamoto Norio , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is crucial for glucose homeostasis.Methods and results: Insulin and muscle contraction increase glucose uptake accompanied by the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4. In a search for promising foods, which can increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, we screened for active polyphenols by assaying for uptake of 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) in rat L6 muscle cells. Among 37 compounds, 4‐hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol, prenylated chalcones abundant in Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, family Apiaceae), significantly increased 2DG uptake in L6 cells by 1.9‐fold at 10 μM, compared with the level in DMSO‐treated control cells. Next, we investigated the effect of these chalcones on the translocation of GLUT4 and its underlying mechanisms. The chalcones increased the GLUT4 level in the plasma membrane of L6 cells, but activated neither protein kinase C ζ/λ, Akt, nor adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase, all of which regulate the GLUT4 translocation. Interestingly, the oral administration of a titrated chalcone‐enriched Ashitaba extract containing 150.6 mg/g (dry base) of 4‐hydroxyderricin and 146.0 mg/g (dry base) of xanthoangelol suppressed acute hyperglycemia in oral glucose tolerance tests of mice.Conclusions: Ashitaba is a promising functional food for the maintenance of the blood glucose level by inducing skeletal muscle‐associated glucose uptake.
A fast Edge‐preserving Bayesian reconstruction method for Parallel Imaging applications in cardiac MRI
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Raj Ashish , Kressler Bryan , Nguyen Thanh D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Zabih Ramin , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmong recent parallel MR imaging reconstruction advances, a Bayesian method called Edge‐preserving Parallel Imaging reconstructions with GRAph cuts Minimization (EPIGRAM) has been demonstrated to significantly improve signal‐to‐noise ratio when compared with conventional regularized sensitivity encoding method. However, EPIGRAM requires a large number of iterations in proportion to the number of intensity labels in the image, making it computationally expensive for high dynamic range images. The objective of this study is to develop a Fast EPIGRAM reconstruction based on the efficient binary jump move algorithm that provides a logarithmic reduction in reconstruction time while maintaining image quality. Preliminary in vivo validation of the proposed algorithm is presented for two‐dimensional cardiac cine MR imaging and three‐dimensional coronary MR angiography at acceleration factors of 2–4. Fast EPIGRAM was found to provide similar image quality to EPIGRAM and maintain the previously reported signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement over regularized sensitivity encoding method, while reducing EPIGRAM reconstruction time by 25–50 times. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal blood flow in normal aging measured with arterial spin labeling at 3T
Authors: Rusinek Henry , Brys Miroslaw , Glodzik Lidia , Switalski Remigiusz , Tsui Wai‐Hon , Haas Francois , Mcgorty Kellyanne , Chen Qun , de Leon Mony J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDue to methodological difficulties related to the small size, variable distribution of hippocampal arteries, and the location of the hippocampus in the proximity of middle cranial fossa, little is known about hippocampal blood flow (HBF). We have tested the utility of a pulsed arterial spin labeling sequence based on multi‐shot true fast imaging in steady precession to measure HBF in 34 normal volunteers (17 women, 17 men, 26–92 years old). Flow sensitivity to a mild hypercapnic challenge was also examined. Coregistered 3D MPRAGE sequence was used to eliminate from hippocampal and cortical regions of interest all voxel with <75% of gray matter. Large blood vessels were also excluded. HBF in normal volunteers averaged 61.2 ± 9.0 mL/(100 g min). There was no statistically significant age or gender effect. Under a mild hypercapnia challenge (end tidal CO2 pressure increase of 6.8 ± 1.9 mmHg over the baseline), HBF response was 14.1 ± 10.8 mL/(100 g min), whereas cortical gray matter flow increased by 18.0 ± 12.2 mL/(100 g min). Flow response among women was significantly larger than in the men. The average absolute difference between two successive HBF measures was 3.6 mL/(100 g min) or 5.4%. The 3T true fast imaging in steady precession arterial spin labeling method offers a HBF measurement strategy that combines good spatial resolution, sensitivity, and minimal image distortions. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo brown adipose tissue detection and characterization using water–lipid intermolecular zero‐quantum coherences
Authors: Branca Rosa T. , Warren Warren S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBrown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue depots are noninvasively characterized in vitro and in vivo in healthy and obese mice using intermolecular zero‐quantum coherence transitions between lipid and water spins. Intermolecular zero‐quantum coherences enable selective detection of spatial correlation between water and lipid spins and thereby the hydration of fatty deposits with subvoxel resolution. At about a 100 mm distance scale, the major observed peaks are between water, methylene protons at 1.3 ppm, and olefinic protons at 5.3 ppm. Our in vitro results show that the methylene–olefinic intermolecular zero‐quantum coherence signal is strong both in brown and white adipose tissues, but that the water–methylene intermolecular zero‐quantum coherence signal is characteristic only of brown adipose tissue. In vivo, the ratio of these peaks is substantially higher in lean or young mice than in old or obese mice. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dipolar anisotropy fiber imaging in a goat knee meniscus
Authors: Szeverenyi Nikolaus M. , Bydder Graeme M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study describes a method of utilizing unaveraged dipolar effects to characterize and compute collagen fiber tracks using magnetic resonance imaging. The technique yields information about fiber structure with some similarities to what can be obtained in brain using diffusion tensor imaging, but relies on a completely different physical mechanism, namely, unaveraged homonuclear dipolar interactions. The method is probably only appropriate for highly ordered collagen rich tissues. A goat knee meniscus was embedded in a spherical epoxy ball and the magnetic resonance signal intensity was examined as a function of sample orientation to a 3T static field using a three‐dimensional gradient echo sequence. Unaveraged dipolar interactions caused a sixfold signal variation with orientation. After correction for coil sensitivity and registration of the images, a principal dipolar direction was computed for each voxel. The data were analyzed and viewed as dipolar direction and standard deviation (anisotropy) maps. Circumferential fibers within the meniscus were visualized as fiber tracks grown using diffusion tensor imaging software. The acronym dipolar anisotropy fiber imaging is proposed for this technique. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further studies on the anisotropic distribution of collagen in articular cartilage by μMRI
Authors: Zheng ShaoKuan , Xia Yang , Badar Farid 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo further study the anisotropic distribution of the collagen matrix in articular cartilage, microscopic magnetic resonance imaging experiments were carried out on articular cartilages from the central load‐bearing area of three canine humeral heads at 13 μm resolution across the depth of tissue. Quantitative T2 images were acquired when the tissue blocks were rotated, relative to B0, along two orthogonal directions, both perpendicular to the normal axis of the articular surface. The T2 relaxation rate (R2) was modeled, by three fibril structural configurations (solid cone, funnel, and fan), to represent the anisotropy of the collagen fibrils in cartilage from the articular surface to the cartilage/bone interface. A set of complex and depth‐dependent characteristics of collagen distribution was found in articular cartilage. In particular, there were two anisotropic components in the superficial zone and an asymmetrical component in the radial zone of cartilage. A complex model of the three‐dimensional fibril architecture in articular cartilage is proposed, which has a leaf‐like or layer‐like structure in the radial zone, arises in a radial manner from the subchondral bone, spreads and arches passing the isotropic transitional zone, and exhibits two distinct anisotropic components (vertical and transverse) in the surface portion of the tissue. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast dynamic 3D MR spectroscopic imaging with compressed sensing and multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C studies
Authors: Larson Peder E. Z. , Hu Simon , Lustig Michael , Kerr Adam B. , Nelson Sarah J. , Kurhanewicz John , Pauly John M. , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging can detect not only the uptake of the pre‐polarized molecule but also its metabolic products in vivo, thus providing a powerful new method to study cellular metabolism. Imaging the dynamic perfusion and conversion of these metabolites provides additional tissue information but requires methods for efficient hyperpolarization usage and rapid acquisitions. In this work, we have developed a time‐resolved 3D MR spectroscopic imaging method for acquiring hyperpolarized 13C data by combining compressed sensing methods for acceleration and multiband excitation pulses to efficiently use the magnetization. This method achieved a 2 sec temporal resolution with full volumetric coverage of a mouse, and metabolites were observed for up to 60 sec following injection of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐pyruvate. The compressed sensing acquisition used random phase encode gradient blips to create a novel random undersampling pattern tailored to dynamic MR spectroscopic imaging with sampling incoherency in four (time, frequency, and two spatial) dimensions. The reconstruction was also tailored to dynamic MR spectroscopic imaging by applying a temporal wavelet sparsifying transform to exploit the inherent temporal sparsity. Customized multiband excitation pulses were designed with a lower flip angle for the [1‐13C]‐pyruvate substrate given its higher concentration than its metabolic products ([1‐13C]‐lactate and [1‐13C]‐alanine), thus using less hyperpolarization per excitation. This approach has enabled the monitoring of perfusion and uptake of the pyruvate, and the conversion dynamics to lactate and alanine throughout a volume with high spatial and temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor echo planar imaging using surface coil transceiver with a semiadiabatic RF pulse sequence at 14.1T
Authors: van de Looij Yohan , Kunz Nicolas , Hüppi Petra , Gruetter Rolf , Sizonenko Stéphane 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance studies of the brain are typically performed using volume coils. Although in human brain this leads to a near optimal filling factor, studies of rodent brain must contend with the fact that only a fraction of the head volume can be ascribed to the brain. The use of surface coil as transceiver increases Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR), reduces radiofrequency power requirements and opens the possibility of parallel transmit schemes, likely to allow efficient acquisition schemes, of critical importance for reducing the long scan times implicated in diffusion tensor imaging. This study demonstrates the implementation of a semiadiabatic echo planar imaging sequence (echo time = 40 ms, four interleaves) at 14.1T using a quadrature surface coil as transceiver. It resulted in artifact free images with excellent SNR throughout the brain. Diffusion tensor derived parameters obtained within the rat brain were in excellent agreement with reported values. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of stafne's defects in Late Neolithic, Late Roman, Medieval and Modern skeletal samples from Portugal
Authors: Wasterlain Sofia N. , Silva Ana Maria 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTLingual mandibular cortical defects (Stafne's defects) are relatively uncommon in recent as well as past populations, but while this condition is often discussed in clinical reports, they are rarely the subject of anthropological research. In this paper, the prevalence of Stafne's bone defects in skeletal samples from Late Neolithic, Late Roman, Medieval and Modern Portugal is investigated (N = 704 complete mandibles and 111 incomplete mandibles). The aims of this paper are threefold: (1) to present and analyse for the first time in Portuguese osteological record prevalence data on Stafne's bone defect, (2) to analyse variations in defect prevalence between skeletal samples from a wide temporal array and (3) to verify if more tenuous lesions in which resorption of the lingual cortex was not yet extensive had the classic radiographic appearance described by Stafne in order to validate the hypothesis that lesions are present clinically in many more cases than published figures indicate. In all cases, differential diagnosis against other conditions that mimic Stafne's defects, namely odontogenic lesions, cysts and neoplasms, was done. In all samples, the evidence of Stafne's defect occurred in 12 individuals (1.7%), and males (2.84%) were more frequently affected than females (0.61%). When incomplete mandibles were considered, only one left fragment (0.90%) exhibited Stafne's defect. Accurate identification of all examples of Stafne's bone defects in antiquity is thought to represent an important contribution to elucidate which factors may be responsible for this trait's cultural, ecological, temporal and geographical patterning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining listening previewing as a classwide strategy to promote reading comprehension and vocabulary
Authors: Hawkins Renee O. , Musti‐Rao Shobana , Hale Andrea D. , McGuire Shannon , Hailley Jennifer 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClasswide instructional strategies to improve not only reading fluency but also comprehension and vocabulary knowledge are essential for student reading success. The current study examined the immediate effects of two classwide listening previewing strategies on reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. Twenty‐one, fourth‐grade general education students were exposed to three experimental conditions including a silent reading control condition, a listening previewing condition, and a listening previewing with vocabulary previewing condition. For all conditions, students read grade‐level passages, answered 10 comprehension questions, and completed a vocabulary‐matching task. Results showed that both listening previewing conditions led to improvements in comprehension as compared to silent reading. Adding a vocabulary previewing component to listening previewing procedures resulted in the highest levels of comprehension and vocabulary. Applied implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of behavioral and constructivist interventions for increasing math‐fact fluency in a second‐grade classroom
Authors: Poncy Brian C. , McCallum Elizabeth , Schmitt Ara J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough basic math skill deficits are commonly encountered across elementary and secondary school students, few empirically validated, group‐administered interventions are available for educators attempting to prevent or remedy such problems. This study compared the effectiveness of two theoretically distinct interventions for improving the subtraction‐fact fluency of a general education class of second‐grade students. An alternating treatments design was used to compare a behavioral intervention, Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC), to an intervention from a constructivist‐oriented resource, Facts That Last (FTL). Results demonstrated that CCC led to increases in math‐fact fluency, whereas the classwide response to FTL activities did not differ from the control condition. Two months postintervention, maintenance data revealed that the fluency increases associated with CCC were sustained. Discussion focuses on practical implications of the study as well as possible theoretical explanations for the documented results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomizing multiple contingency components to decrease disruptive behaviors and increase student engagement in an urban second‐grade classroom
Authors: McKissick Chele , Hawkins Renee O. , Lentz Francis E. , Hailley Jennifer , McGuire Shannon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDisruptive behaviors displayed in the classroom interfere with learning by taking time away from academic instruction. This study investigated the effects of randomizing components within an interdependent group contingency for group disruptive behavior and engagement levels of 26 students in a second‐grade classroom in an urban Midwestern school. Using a multiple‐baseline‐across‐settings design, baseline levels of group disruptive behavior and engagement were compared to intervention levels across three different class periods. Results suggest that the intervention decreased levels of disruptive behavior and increased levels of student engagement. Benefits of randomizing components within an interdependent group contingency are discussed as well as limitations to this study and suggested areas of future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of TATB Ratchet Growth on PBX 9502
Authors: Thompson Darla G. , Brown Geoff W. , Olinger Bart , Mang Joseph T. , Patterson Brian , DeLuca Racci , Hagelberg Stephanie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPBX 9502 is a plastic‐bonded explosive that contains 95 wt.‐% TATB, a graphitic‐structured high explosive known to undergo “ratchet growth,” i.e., irreversible volume change that accompanies temperature excursions. Earlier studies have reported changes in TATB‐based composites as a function of thermal cycling and density change, however, a clear distinction between density and ratchet‐growth effects has not been made. In the work reported here, an “as‐pressed density” baseline for the mechanical response of recycled PBX 9502 is established over a density range of interest, then high‐density specimens are thermally cycled between −55 and 80 °C to achieve “ratchet‐grown” parts in the same low‐density region. As‐pressed and ratchet‐grown specimens with identical densities are then analyzed using microX‐ray computed tomography and USANS techniques to obtain information about pore‐size distributions. Data show that after ratchet‐growth, PBX 9502 specimens contain, in general, more numerous and smaller voids than specimens that were pressed with lower compaction pressures to match the same density. The mechanical response of the ratchet‐grown material is consistent with damage, showing lower tensile stress and modulus, lower compressive modulus, and higher tensile and compressive strain, than as‐pressed specimens of the same density.
Evaluation of the Energy Fluence in the Small Scale Gap Test
Authors: Verbeek Ries , Bouma Richard H. B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Small Scale Gap Test is a relatively simple experimental tool to obtain a measure of the shock sensitivity of explosives. An evaluation of this test is carried out with use of a computer simulation. The simulated pressures in the water gap compare to experimental data and justify the obtained energy fluence in the shock wave versus distance in the water gap. The initiating shock pulse can be represented by an equivalent planar shock with an effective diameter of only 15 mm and a pulse duration of ≈1 µs. For the type of explosives that show some non‐ideal behavior and that have a relatively large critical diameter, the initiation pressure might provide an inadequate value for the shock sensitivity. It is recommended that besides using a critical shock pressure criterion also a critical energy fluence criterion is applied to rank the shock sensitivity of explosives.