bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic design for high power density of fully superconducting synchronous motor with through-shaft type field coil for electric aircraft
Authors: Uriu Kaiji , Iwakuma Masataka , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Miura Shun , Sasa Hiromasa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The global demand for aircraft is currently increasing, paralleled by a growing emphasis on decarbonization through the replacement of fossil fuel engines with electric propulsion. In response to this trend, we have developed a superconducting motor distinguished by its high efficiency, output, and low weight. Our focus centers on two critical aspects. Firstly, we addressed the issue of the field coil’s shape. The widely used REBCO wire in high-temperature superconductivity is tape-shaped, making a racetrack coil the most straightforward method for winding the wire. However, this configuration necessitates dividing the motor shaft as it comes in contact with the field coil, raising concerns about the mechanical durability of motors. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a saddle-type coil and design a coil shape that achieves a single continuous through-axis. Utilizing the Frenet-Serre formula, we created a 3D model of the coil’s end without applying load to the wire. This method, previously employed in accelerators, enhances durability, potentially leading to increased output due to higher rotation speeds and reduces weight through part savings. Secondly, introducing a saddle coil presents challenges in forming an ideal magnetic field distribution. In a rotating-field-type motor using an iron core, the winding can be directly wound around it, resulting in multiple coils forming similar magnetic fields that can be superimposed to create one large magnetic pole. However, with a saddle coil, coils are arranged along the circumference, and the magnetic field distribution and an anticipated decrease in output. To address this, we aimed to optimize the magnetic field distribution and increase output through a parameter survey. Specifically, we conducted an analysis under fixed armature conditions (current, number of turns, and shape) in three cases. In Case1, with a fixed total number of turns for the field coil, we compared magnetic field distributions and output by varying the number and arrangement of coils. In Case2, building on the findings of Case1, we aimed to enhance output by fixing the coil arrangement and increasing the number of turns. Finally, in Case 3, we examined the change in motor size with fixed coil parameters while altering the coil arrangement and pitch.
Distributional consequences shape public support for the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism: evidence from four European countries
Authors: Bayer P , Schaffer L M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) is a policy that increases the cost of carbon-intensive imports from countries with no or weak national carbon regulation. Proponents advocate that it helps avoid industrial relocation and protects jobs in the importing country; its critics say that it impedes free trade and drives up prices. Despite European Union legislation to introduce a CBAM policy, we find that citizens across four European countries—Germany (n = 3500), Hungary (n = 2512), Switzerland (n = 2500), and the United Kingdom (n = 2500)—have not formed clear opinions about the policy yet. Results from survey experiments, conducted over the course of 1.5 years, show a strong dislike for price increases associated with a carbon border tax, while the prospect of job protection does little to increase CBAM support—not even among subgroups most affected by import competition. However, employment effects become relevant when we prompt survey respondents to assess the effects of the carbon border tax for their country as a whole instead of for themselves as individuals. Consistent with exploratory findings that right-leaning voters express a much stronger opposition to the CBAM policy, our results speak to growing evidence of the politically polarizing nature of costly, green policies when citizens’ policy preferences are malleable.
Sequencing one-dimensional Majorana materials for topological quantum computing
Authors: Minissale Marco , Bondavalli Paolo , Figueira M S , Le Lay Guy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Majorana fermions are a fascinating class of particles with unique and intriguing properties: they are their own antiparticles, as first theorized by the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana in 1937. In recent decades, research in condensed matter physics shows theoretically that in certain exotic states of matter, such as topological superconductors, pairs of Majorana fermions can emerge as bound states at defects or interfaces, known as Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs). They behave like non-local anyons and could be used as decoherence-protected qubits. After the seminal work of Kitaev (2001), one-dimensional artificial setups have been developed in line with the concept of the Kitaev chain to implement MZMs. As no definite proof has yet been widely accepted by the community, improvements in the architectures and setups have been realized, and different platforms have been devised, which could be kinds of ‘DNA’ in this rapidly evolving vivid ecosystem. Here, we sequence these ‘DNAs’ and draw perspectives for topological quantum computation.
Non-contact intelligent sensor for recognizing transparent and naked-eye indistinguishable materials based on ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Yin Shengjie , Li Hongyu , Qian Weiqi , Hasan Md Al Mahadi , Yang Ya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At present, the research on ferroelectric photovoltaic materials mainly focuses on photoelectric detection. In the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is particularly important to use smaller thin-film devices as sensors. In this work, an indium tin oxide/bismuth ferrite (BFO)/lanthanum nickelate device has been fabricated on an F-doped tin oxide glass substrate using the sol–gel method. The sensor can continuously output photoelectric signals with little environmental impact. Compared to other types of sensors, this photoelectric sensor has an ultra-low response time of 1.25 ms and ultra-high sensitivity. Furthermore, a material recognition system based on a BFO sensor is developed. It can effectively identify eight kinds of materials that are difficult for human eyes to distinguish. This provides new ideas and methods for developing the IoT in material identification.
Impacts of fire prevention strategies in a changing climate: an assessment for Portugal
Authors: DaCamara Carlos C , Bento Virgílio A , Nunes Sílvia A , Lemos Gil , Soares Pedro M M , Trigo Ricardo M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Climate change poses a formidable strain on societies worldwide, demanding viable and timely adaptation measures to ensure future prosperity while avoiding the impact of more frequent and intense extreme events, like wildfires, that affect all continents and biomes, leaving authorities grappling to respond effectively. Here, we focus on mainland Portugal that is inserted in the Mediterranean climate change hotspot and investigate the impact of different adaptation strategies on wildfire risk. Relying on an ensemble of regional climate models from the EURO-CORDEX initiative, we project fire weather index and fire radiative power for various representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Our findings reveal that very energetic fires, with energy release exceeding 1000 MW, may increase up to more than three-fold, depending on the RCP. Even under strong mitigation scenarios, the likelihood of having megafires increases by 1.5-fold. This underscores the need for proactive adaptation regardless of mitigation efforts. We present three different ignition avoidance strategies under different climate change scenarios. For all cases results indicate that a reduction between 20 and 60% is achievable for intense wildfires (above 1000 MW).
From childhood trauma to alcohol use disorder severity – significance of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol
Authors: Zaorska Justyna , Skrzeszewski Jakub , Kobyliński Paweł , Trucco Elisa Maria , Wojnar Marcin , Kopera Maciej , Jakubczyk Andrzej 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The objective of the current study was to describe and analyse associations between childhood emotional abuse, severity of depressive symptoms, and analgesic expectations of drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods
A total of 240 individuals aged 43.85 ± 11.0 with severe AUD entering an inpatient, abstinence-based, and drug-free treatment program were assessed. The data on AUD severity, depressive symptoms, expectations towards the analgesic effects of alcohol and childhood emotional trauma was collected using questionnaire measures. The PROCESS SPSS macro for serial mediation with bootstrapping was used to test whether current severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol use serially mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity.

Results
There was evidence for two simple mediated effects, whereby the severity of depressive symptoms mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity, and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity. There was also evidence to support serial mediation whereby both severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity.

Conclusions
It might be clinically relevant to address experiences of childhood emotional trauma, as well as individual expectations of analgesic effects of alcohol, in AUD treatment programs.
Comparative studies on substrate specificity of succinic semialdehyde reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans and glyoxylate reductase from Acetobacter aceti
Authors: Majumder Toma Rani , Inoue Masao , Aono Riku , Ochi Anna , Mihara Hisaaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans succinic semialdehyde reductase (GoxSSAR) and Acetobacter aceti glyoxylate reductase (AacGR) represent a novel class in the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases superfamily. Kinetic analyses revealed GoxSSAR's activity with both glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde, while AacGR is glyoxylate specific. GoxSSAR K167A lost activity with succinic semialdehyde but retained some with glyoxylate, whereas AacGR K175A lost activity. These findings elucidate differences between these homologous enzymes.
A complete reversal in the effects of extrinsic factors on the escape behaviour of European hares over 33 years
Authors: Hušek Jan , Panek Marek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The flight initiation distance (FID) of prey when escaping from predators is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We examined the long-term variation of FID and the impact of various factors on the FID of the European hare, using an economic model. We showed that the effects of local neighbour density and the occurrence of free-ranging dogs on the FID reversed from positive to negative, and the effect of resting in wild vegetation compared with crops increased from the 1960s to the 1990s, in a population in western Poland. The change in FID related to these factors might be explained by changes in agricultural landscape, hare density, and predation risk. The FID of hares reflects their risk-taking behaviour and might change in response to habitat deterioration and changes in prey and predator populations.
Melatonin as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant therapy in the testis: a focus on infertility and aging
Authors: Frungieri Mónica Beatriz , Calandra Ricardo Saúl , Matzkin María Eugenia , Rossi Soledad Paola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates testicular activity (i.e., steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis) through two complementary mechanisms, indirect effects exerted via the hypothalamic–adenohypophyseal axis and direct actions that take place on the different cell populations of the male gonad. The effects of increased age on the testis and the general mechanisms involved in testicular pathology leading to infertility are still only poorly understood. However, there is growing evidence that link testicular aging and idiopathic male infertility to local inflammatory and oxidative stress events. Because literature data strongly indicate that melatonin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, this review focuses on the potential benefits exerted by this indoleamine at testicular level in male reproductive fertility and aging. Taking into account that the effects of melatonin supplementation on testicular function are currently being investigated, the overview covers not only promising prospects but also many questions concerning the future therapeutic value of this indoleamine as an anti-aging drug as well as in the management of cases of male infertility for which there are no medical treatments currently available.
Effectiveness of a nurse-led one-to-one education programme in addition to standard care in children with atopic dermatitis: a multicentre randomized control trial
Authors: Barbarot Sebastien , Aubert Helene , Vibet Marie-Anne , Leray Maëlle , Foureau Aurore , Elan Francoise , Menneron Laëtitia , Stalder Jean-Francois , Mazereeuw-Hautier Juliette , Phan Alice , Droitcourt Catherine , Bursztejn Anne-Claire , Boralevi Franck , Chiaverini Christine , Raison-Peyron Nadia , Lasek Audrey , Misery Laurent , Abasq Claire , Mallet Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic patient education (TPE) is recommended for children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but no consensus has been reached on the optimal tailoring of delivery. While repeated multidisciplinary group education sessions have shown effectiveness, the benefits of one-on-one educational interventions led by nurses for children with AD have not yet been assessed.

Objectives
To assess the benefits of additional, well-structured, 1-h nurse-led individual TPE interventions in children with AD and their families compared with standard care alone.

Methods
Children with moderate-to-severe AD and their parents were randomized to receive a 1-h nurse-led education session in addition to standard care vs. standard care alone. The primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) of the SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index (SCORAD) from baseline to week 24 (lower AUC values represent better long-term control of the disease).

Results
In our study, 176 patients were randomized across 11 centres, and 153 were included in the full analysis set. The mean (SD) age was 4.47 (4.57) years. By week 24, there were no significant differences in the AUCs of the SCORAD between the two groups (P = 0.3). Secondary outcomes including patient-reported severity and quality of life [AUCs of the patient-oriented SCORAD (PO-SCORAD) and Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDLQI), Children’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (CDLQI) and Family Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (FDLQI)] were not significantly different between the two groups. The only significant change observed in the intervention group, when compared with the one receiving standard care, was a decrease in topical steroid phobia, as assessed by the topical corticosteroid phobia (TOPICOP) score. Prespecified subgroup analyses showed that disease severity in the intervention group was significantly lower throughout the study, compared with the standard-care group when participants had moderate AD at baseline (n = 47); while participants with severe AD at baseline (n = 106) did not show benefit from the intervention. Participants showed no additional benefit from the intervention regardless of age group.

Conclusions
This study did not show any additional effectiveness, in long-term severity control, of a 1-h nurse-led TPE intervention in children with AD treated with standard care, compared with those treated with standard care alone. However, it should be noted that the intervention reduced the fear of using topical steroids and may be beneficial for patients in the subgroup with moderate AD.
Concise synthetic routes for diphenylacetylene from tetrachloroethylene using Suzuki coupling reaction followed by treatment with n-butyllithium
Authors: Fujiki Yuta , Suzuki Hiyono , Kikuzawa Junya , Nishiwaki Keiji , Kawashita Norihito , Matsuoka Junpei , Nakamura Akira , Maegawa Tomohiro , Kuwabara Akiko , Kobayashi Masafumi , Matsumoto Kouichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We wish to report a new synthetic approach for diphenylacetylene in which tetrachloroethylene was reacted with phenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd catalyst, followed by a workup procedure to provide the crude product, which was then allowed to react with n-butyllithium via the halogen lithium exchange of Cl atom and loss of Li and Cl atoms to afford the desired diphenylacetylene in good yield.
Unraveling the crystallization mechanism of trinuclear Au complexes through crystal size-dependent luminescence
Authors: Furoida Andriani , Shiina Urara , Matsumoto Kohsuke , Tsutsumi Osamu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The trinuclear Au complex, DT4, demonstrates room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the crystalline state, along with size-dependent polymorphism. The phase transition between the crystal polymorphs of DT4 can be directly observed in real time during crystal growth through changes in RTP color. This study aims to elucidate the crystallization mechanism of DT4, focusing specifically on determining the critical particle size at which crystal-to-crystal phase transitions occur during crystal growth.
Detection of DNA Contamination in Prenatal Samples from Whole Exome Sequencing Data
Authors: Smeekens Sanne P , Timmermans Raoul , Westra Dineke , Gilissen Christian , Faas Brigitte H W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Maternal cell contamination (MCC) in prenatal samples poses a risk for misdiagnosis, and therefore, testing for contamination is necessary during genetic analysis of prenatal specimens. MCC testing is currently performed as a method separate from the diagnostic method. With the increasing application of whole exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal diagnosis, we sought to develop a method to estimate the level of contamination from WES data, aiming to eliminate the need for a separate MCC test.

Methods
To investigate the impact of MCC on the distribution of the variant allele fraction in WES data, contamination was both simulated in silico and artificially induced. Subsequently, a bioinformatic WES contamination method was developed and validated by comparing its performance to that of the gold standard (short tandem repeat [STR]) MCC test, validated for detecting ≥5% contamination. Finally, post-implementation performance was monitored for a 15-month period.

Results
During validation, 270 prenatal samples underwent analysis with both WES and the gold standard test. In 259 samples, the results were concordant (248 not contaminated, 11 contaminated with both tests). In 11 samples, contamination was only detected in WES data (2 of which contained ≥5% contamination with WES, which is above the detection limit of the gold standard test). The data of the post-implementation evaluation on 361 samples, of which 68 were contaminated, were in line with the validation data.

Conclusions
Contamination can reliably be detected in WES data, rendering a separate contamination test unnecessary for the majority of samples.
Syncope due to recurrent ventricular tachycardias after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with unexpected diagnosis in cardiac computed tomography: a case report
Authors: Breitbart Philipp , Billig Hannah , André Florian , Frey Norbert , Korosoglou Grigorios 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Delayed coronary obstruction (DCO) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) mostly affecting the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and often caused by prosthesis endothelialization or thrombus formations. Herein, we report an unusual case of a delayed LMCA-obstruction caused by a calcium nodule, which was diagnosed 4 months after TAVI due to recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes.

Case summary
A 73-year-old patient was readmitted to an external hospital with syncope three months after TAVI. Fast VT could be induced in electrophysiological examination, why the patient received a two-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). However, after 1 month the patient was readmitted to our department with another syncope. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator records revealed multiple fast VT episodes (200–220 b.p.m.). In addition, the patient reported new-onset exertional dyspnoea (New York Class Association Stage III) and elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin of 115 ng/L. Due to the symptoms and laboratory markers indicating potential myocardial ischaemia, a cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was performed. Cardiac computed tomography angiography revealed obstruction of the LMCA likely caused by calcium shift during TAVI. After CCTA-guided percutaneous coronary intervention, patient’s course remained uneventful.

Discussion
The present case report highlights the role of CCTA as a powerful non-invasive diagnostic tool in complex settings after TAVI. Delayed coronary obstruction as a procedural complication can occur after TAVI and manifest with various symptoms, including new-onset or recurrent VTs, like in the present case. Cardiac computed tomography angiography provided accurate assessment of the implanted prosthesis and detection of DCO, thus guiding the subsequent PCI.
Variability in approach to exercise stress echocardiography for diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an international survey on real-world practice
Authors: Tani Yuta , Reddy Yogesh N V , Verbrugge Frederik H , Yang Jeong Hoon , Negishi Kazuaki , Harada Tomonari , Kagami Kazuki , Saito Yuki , Yuasa Naoki , Sorimachi Hidemi , Murakami Fumitaka , Kato Toshimitsu , Wada Naoki , Ishii Hideki , Obokata Masaru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging based on resting assessments. Exercise echocardiography is often used to unmask abnormalities that develop during exercise, but the diagnostic criteria have not been standardized. This study aimed to elucidate how cardiologists utilize exercise echocardiography to diagnose HFpEF in real-world practice.

Methods and results
An international web-based survey involving 87 cardiologists was performed. We also performed a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of different exercise echocardiographic diagnostic criteria in 652 dyspnoeic patients who underwent exercise echocardiography. The HFA-PEFF algorithm was the most commonly used exercise echocardiography criterion for HFpEF diagnoses (48%), followed by the ASE/EACVI criteria (24%) and other combinations of multiple parameters (22%). Among 652 patients, the proportion of HFpEF diagnosis varied substantially according to the criteria used ranging from 20.1% (ASE/EACVI criteria) to 44.3% (HFA-PEFF algorithm). Many cases (49.4–70.5%) remained indeterminate after exercise echocardiography, but only 41% of surveyed cardiologists would utilize exercise right heart catheterization to resolve an indeterminate result. Despite these diagnostic uncertainties, 54% of surveyed cardiologists would utilize exercise echocardiography results to initiate sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors.

Conclusion
In real-world practice, exercise echocardiographic criteria utilized across cardiologists vary, which meaningfully impacts the frequency of HFpEF diagnoses, with indeterminate results being common. Despite these diagnostic uncertainties, many cardiologists initiate pharmacotherapy based on exercise echocardiography. The lack of consensus on universal diagnostic criteria for exercise echocardiography and approaches to indeterminate results may limit the delivery of evidence-based treatment for HFpEF.