bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product Study of the OH Radical and Cl Atom Initiated Oxidation of 1,3‐Dioxane
Authors: Moriarty Jennie , Wenger John C. , Sidebottom Howard W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe products of the hydroxyl (OH) radical and chlorine (Cl) atom initiated oxidation of 1,3‐dioxane are determined under various reaction conditions in a 50 L teflon reaction chamber using FTIR spectroscopy for analysis. The major products detected in all experiments are (2‐oxoethoxy)methyl formate, formic acid and methylene glycol diformate with average molar yields of 0.50±0.05, 0.41±0.02 and 0.03±0.01 respectively for the OH initiated oxidation in the presence of NOx. The yields of these products do not vary significantly with O2 partial pressure or oxidising agent (OH or Cl). However, the yield of formic acid decreased by at least a factor of two in the absence of NOx. The results of these experiments are used to elucidate a simplified gas‐phase atmospheric degradation scheme for 1,3‐dioxane and also provide valuable information on the atmospheric fate of the cyclic and linear alkoxy radicals produced in these and similar reactions. The available experimental data suggests that the relative importance of the competing pathways (reaction with O2 and ring opening by CC or CO bond fission) is a strong function of the ring strain in the cycloalkoxy radicals.
Diagnostic utility of PAX8 and PAX2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of metastatic Müllerian carcinoma in effusions
Authors: Wiseman William , Michael Claire W. , Roh Michael H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMorphologic distinction of Müllerian carcinomas from non‐Müllerian carcinomas in effusion specimens by cytomorphology alone can be diagnostically challenging. Therefore, immunohistochemical adjuncts can be useful in differentiating Müllerian from non‐Müllerian metastases. In this study, we evaluated the expression of PAX8 and PAX2 in malignant effusions collected from patients with known Müllerian and non‐Müllerian carcinomas. Sections from cell blocks prepared from 152 effusion specimens (54 and 98 cases representing metastases from Müllerian and non‐Müllerian primaries, respectively) were immunostained with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against PAX8 and PAX2. Immunopositivity was defined as the presence of strong nuclear staining in at least 25% of the tumor cells. Fifty‐two (96%) and 13 (24%) of the 54 Müllerian carcinomas were positive for PAX8 and PAX2, respectively. PAX8 positivity was seen in only four (4%) of 98 non‐Müllerian carcinomas; these represented metastasis from a large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. PAX2 positivity was not seen in any of the non‐Müllerian carcinomas. The results demonstrate that both PAX8 and PAX2 are highly specific markers for metastatic Müllerian carcinomas in cell block preparations from effusion specimens (96% and 100%, respectively). PAX8, however, is more sensitive than PAX2 in identifying Müllerian carcinomas in fluids (96% versus 24%). Overall, immunohistochemistry for PAX8 and PAX2 represent diagnostically useful adjuncts in identifying a Müllerian carcinoma as a source of a malignant effusion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenal histoplasmosis: A diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Rana Chanchal , Kumari Niraj , Krishnani Narendra 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHistoplasmosis is a fungal disease endemic in central and eastern states of United States, South America, Africa, and Asia. It may present as chronic pulmonary infection or in disseminated form of infection. The disseminated form of histoplasmosis frequently affects the adrenal gland and is more likely to affect imunocompromised patients as compared to immunocompetent individuals. There are very few cases of adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. In the present era when fine needle aspiration has become popular modality for diagnosis, adrenal fine needle aspiration is still a less commonly practiced technique. We report eight cases of adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology in patients with bilateral adrenal masses. The present case series supports the role of fine needle aspiration cytology of adrenal gland infections where surgery can be prevented and a definitive diagnosis can be made on which treatment can be offered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological diagnosis of sarcoidosis revisited: A state of the art review
Authors: Mehrotra Ravi , Dhingra Vishal 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiagnosis of sarcoidosis has never been an easy task. This is primarily because there is no single diagnostic test that can clinch the diagnosis. Demonstration of granulomas remains an essential criteria, but as granulomatous inflammation can be seen in host of conditions, it is necessary to exclude all possible causes, as well as to correlate with other findings, before arriving at the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Cytology has been used effectively since the last few decades in demonstration of granulomas in various organs. Recent developments in various fields of cytodiagnosis of sarcoidosis including transesophageal ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and endobronchial ultrasonograpy‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration have revolutionized this field. These techniques are safe, minimally invasive, and give real‐time information during aspiration. In comparision to the conventional methods, these allow easier sampling and have better sensitivity. In addition to these methods, a variety of ancillary techniques are also utilized and are reviewed here. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological study of exfoliative buccal mucosal cells of Qat chewers in Yemen
Authors: Ahmed Hussain Gad Elkarim , Omer Ammar Saleh Abdullah , Abd algaffar Shadan Atif 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrevalence of oral cancer is relatively increasing in Yemen in recent years, which is ascribed to Qat with other carcinogens. Since the establishment of a simple and reliable method for the detection of oral cancerous and precancerous lesions is essential, exfoliative cytology (EC) was applied to a case‐control study to appraise the presence and severity of oral epithelial atypia in 300 subjects (150 were Qat chewers and 150 were non‐Qat users) without prior knowledge of the subjects' Qat exposure. Ten patients with oral squamous‐cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included as internal controls. Cytological atypia and hyperkeratosis were demonstrated in six and 24 subjects, respectively, and could not be ascertained in the remaining 294 and 276 correspondingly. All of the 30 (six atypia and 24 hyperkeratosis) were among the 150 Qat chewers. Cytological atypia was found in all the 10 control cases with OSCCs (eight with severe degree and two with mild atypia). For the Qat among those with atypia and hyperkeratosis, the adjusted OR and the 95% confidence level were found to be 1.6 (0.8–7.2) and 3 (10.1–21.9), respectively. In view of these findings, we suggest the use of EC for detection and assessment of oral cytological atypia. Qat use contributes to the occurrence of cytological atypia that might develop to oral precancerous or cancerous lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid prescreening is as effective at reducing screening error as postscreening with the FocalPoint automated screening device
Authors: Wilgenbusch Heather , Mueller Gail , Neal Margaret , Renshaw Andrew A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBoth manual (rapid prescreening) and automated methods have been devised to reduce screening error compared with routine review of 10% of negative gynecologic cases. To date these two methods have not been compared. A total of 5,139 liquid‐based (SurePath Pap Test, BD Diagnostics) cases were subjected to 100% rapid prescreening and routine manual screening. All cases diagnosed as negative on routine screening were placed on the FocalPoint (BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, NJ) automated screening device. All cases that were negative on routine screening and abnormal on rapid prescreening or in the top 15% of cases by FocalPoint were rescreened and a final diagnosis obtained. Cases were blinded during rapid prescreening and routine manual screening. Abnormal was defined as any diagnosis of atypical squamous cells (ASC) or worse. A total of 427 (8%) of cases were abnormal on routine screening. The sensitivity of rapid prescreening was 44.6%. Rapid prescreening identified an additional 14 abnormal cases (13 ASC and 1 LSIL) and FocalPoint identified nine cases (eight ASC, one LSIL) that were not detected by routine screening. Three of these cases were detected by both methods. The sensitivity of routine screening was 93.1%. Rapid prescreening increased the overall sensitivity significantly (96.0%, P = 0.04); FocalPoint increased the sensitivity but this change was not significant (95.0%, P = 0.21). Estimated screening time was 30 seconds for rapid prescreening and 6 minutes for routine screening with the result that rapid prescreening required 2,570 minutes while review of the FocalPoint Slides required 2,694 minutes. The sensitivity of routine screening in the second half of the study (95.3%) was higher than that in the first half of the study (91.6%) but the difference was not significant (P = 0.11). Rapid prescreening is as effective as directed review using FocalPoint at reducing screening errors and requires no additional screening time. Continued use of these methods may improve the sensitivity of routine screening. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary CNS plasmablastic lymphoma: Report of a case with CSF cytology, flow cytometry, radiology, histological correlation, and review of the literature
Authors: Urrego Paula A. Rodriguez , Smethurst Mark , Fowkes Mary , Peterson Bruce , Strauchen James , Wu Maoxin , Szporn Arnold H. , Chen Hua 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and commonly presents as an oral mass in HIV patients. Extraoral PBL has been reported, including one case of primary central nervous system PBL (PCNSPBL). The cytological features of PBL have been described, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology findings for secondary CNS involvement by PBL. The etiology of PCNSPBL is still unknown. We report here the CSF cytology of a PCNSPBL, which shows a hypercellular specimen composed of markedly atypical, singly dispersed plasmacytoid cells with frequent abnormal mitoses and binucleation. The neoplastic cells are positive for CD138. Flow cytometry of the CSF specimen demonstrates a monoclonal neoplastic cell population, which is CD138 positive, kappa light chain positive, lambda light chain negative, and CD19 negative. Molecular analysis and immunohistochemical stains on a tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and reveal concurrent infections with Epstein‐Barr virus and human polyomavirus JC virus. Clinical and radiological correlations are reported, and the literature is reviewed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report for CSF cytology of a PCNSPBL, demonstrating the utility of the cytological examination in the triage and diagnosis of this disease. Because of its dismal prognosis, it is critical for cytopathologists to be aware of the entity and recognize the neoplastic cells in CSF specimen. This report also emphasizes the importance of clinical and radiological correlation in the diagnosis of this lethal disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of environmental harshness on neurogenesis: A large‐scale comparison
Authors: Chancellor Leia V. , Roth Timothy C. , LaDage Lara D. , Pravosudov Vladimir V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHarsh environmental conditions may produce strong selection pressure on traits, such as memory, that may enhance fitness. Enhanced memory may be crucial for survival in animals that use memory to find food and, thus, particularly important in environments where food sources may be unpredictable. For example, animals that cache and later retrieve their food may exhibit enhanced spatial memory in harsh environments compared with those in mild environments. One way that selection may enhance memory is via the hippocampus, a brain region involved in spatial memory. In a previous study, we established a positive relationship between environmental severity and hippocampal morphology in food‐caching black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). Here, we expanded upon this previous work to investigate the relationship between environmental harshness and neurogenesis, a process that may support hippocampal cytoarchitecture. We report a significant and positive relationship between the degree of environmental harshness across several populations over a large geographic area and (1) the total number of immature hippocampal neurons, (2) the number of immature neurons relative to the hippocampal volume, and (3) the number of immature neurons relative to the total number of hippocampal neurons. Our results suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis may play an important role in environments where increased reliance on memory for cache recovery is critical. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 246–252, 2011.
Augmented mixed finite element methods for a vorticity‐based velocity–pressure–stress formulation of the Stokes problem in 2D
Authors: Gatica Gabriel N. , Gatica Luis F. , Márquez Antonio 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider an augmented velocity–pressure–stress formulation of the 2D Stokes problem, in which the stress is defined in terms of the vorticity and the pressure, and then we introduce and analyze stable mixed finite element methods to solve the associated Galerkin scheme. In this way, we further extend similar procedures applied recently to linear elasticity and to other mixed formulations for incompressible fluid flows. Indeed, our approach is based on the introduction of the Galerkin least‐squares‐type terms arising from the corresponding constitutive and equilibrium equations, and from the Dirichlet boundary condition for the velocity, all of them multiplied by stabilization parameters. Then, we show that these parameters can be suitably chosen so that the resulting operator equation induces a strongly coercive bilinear form, whence the associated Galerkin scheme becomes well posed for any choice of finite element subspaces. In particular, we can use continuous piecewise linear velocities, piecewise constant pressures, and rotated Raviart–Thomas elements for the stresses. Next, we derive reliable and efficient residual‐based a posteriori error estimators for the augmented mixed finite element schemes. In addition, several numerical experiments illustrating the performance of the augmented mixed finite element methods, confirming the properties of the a posteriori estimators, and showing the behavior of the associated adaptive algorithms are reported. The present work should be considered as a first step aiming finally to derive augmented mixed finite element methods for vorticity‐based formulations of the 3D Stokes problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gauss, Kalman and advances in recursive parameter estimation
Authors: Young Peter C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper considers how the Kalman filter has influenced the development of recursive parameter estimation since the publication of Rudolf Kalman's seminal article in 1960. It will present a partial review of developments over the past half century and provide a tutorial introduction to the refined instrumental variable approach to the optimal recursive estimation of parameters in both discrete and continuous‐time transfer function models. The paper concludes with a case study that shows how recursive parameter estimation and the Kalman filter can be combined in the design and development of a real‐time adaptive forecasting and data assimilation system for flow in river systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of integrated process models to reconstruct prehistoric occupation, with examples from Sandy Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Zwertvaegher Ann , Werbrouck Ilke , Finke Peter A. , De Reu Jeroen , Crombé Philippe , Bats Machteld , Antrop Marc , Bourgeois Jean , Court‐Picon Mona , De Maeyer Philippe , De Smedt Philippe , Sergant Joris , Van Meirvenne Marc , Verniers Jacques 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntensive archaeological investigations in Sandy Flanders (Belgium) revealed sites dating from the Final Paleolithic to the Neolithic, showing a discontinuous spatial and temporal distribution. To improve the understanding of these occupational patterns, a paleolandscape reconstruction is proposed. A major problem in paleolandscape reconstruction is that basic data are scattered in the temporal and spatial sense. Therefore, we propose an interdisciplinary approach to the application of different process models to soil–water–landscape reconstruction. The process models used include a digital elevation model, a hydrological, a pedogenetic, and a land‐evaluation model. The result is a modeling framework in which these discipline‐specific models, which provide input to each other, are integrated. Outcomes of the different models are still preliminary, because of the ongoing calibration and application of the models. The paper focuses on the methodological aspects of constructing the modeling framework and the questions one needs to answer in advance to facilitate the integration of the model results. Furthermore, errors within each individual model need to be accounted for and ideally are propagated into the next modeling step. Because of model complexity and runtime this is presently unfeasible. Alternatively, we propose to repeat the last step of the model framework (the land‐evaluation procedure) for perturbations of the parameters reflecting the estimated model errors. We emphasize the difficulties occurring when integrating these different models, such as those relating to scale differences and error propagation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between a functional polymorphism (‐1195T>C) in the IGFBP5 promoter and head and neck cancer risk
Authors: Niu Jiangong , Huang Yu‐Jing , Wei Sheng , Liu Zhensheng , Wang Li‐E , Chang Shine , Chamberlain Robert M. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground.To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have evaluated roles of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) polymorphisms in risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).Methods.A hospital‐based study of 1082 patients with SCCHN and 1120 cancer‐free controls was performed to investigate associations between 2 functional polymorphisms, ‐1195T>C and ‐709G>C, in the IGFBP5 promoter region and SCCHN risk.Results.We demonstrated that the transcription factor, activator protein 1 (AP‐1), differentially bound to T or C variants at ‐1195 in the promoter to regulate the IGFBP5 promoter activity and that the C variant genotypes were associated with deferential risk of late‐stage SCCHN, compared to the TT genotype, particularly for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐unrelated sites (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–4.11 for CC vs TT).Conclusion.The IGFBP5 ‐1195T>C polymorphism is functional and may potentially be a biomarker for susceptibility to late‐stage SCCHN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Association of Merkel cell polyomavirus infection with tumor p53, KIT, stem cell factor, PDGFR‐alpha and survival in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Waltari Marika , Sihto Harri , Kukko Heli , Koljonen Virve , Sankila Risto , Böhling Tom , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) contain Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA, and the virus likely has a pivotal role in tumor pathogenesis. p53 and the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase have also been implicated in MCC pathogenesis, but little is known about their association with MCPyV infection. We identified 207 patients diagnosed with MCC in Finland in 1979–2004 and reviewed the histological diagnoses. Adequate clinical information, tumor tissue and DNA were available from 87 confirmed MCC cases. Presence of MCPyV DNA was assessed using quantitative PCR; p53, KIT, phospho‐KIT, stem cell factor (SCF) and PDGFRα expression using immunohistochemistry and presence of mutations in KIT exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 and PDGFRA exons 10, 12, 14 and 18 using DNA sequencing. Most (77.0%) of the 87 tumors contained MCPyV DNA and 37 (42.5%) expressed KIT, whereas PDGFRα, p53, SCF and pKIT expression was less common (31.9, 22.8, 8.6 and 4.8%, respectively). No KIT or PFGFRA mutations were detected, but 10 (12.5%) of the 80 tumors studied harbored common PDGFRA exon 10 S478P substitution. Tumor p53 and KIT expression were associated with absence of MCPyV DNA (p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively). Tumor p53 expression was associated with unfavorable MCC‐specific survival (p = 0.021) and overall survival (p = 0.046), but tumor KIT expression only when stratified by presence of MCPyV DNA. The results suggest that p53 and KIT expression are associated with absence of MCPyV DNA in MCC, and that the molecular pathogenesis of MCC is multifactorial.
Genetic variation in C‐reactive protein in relation to colon and rectal cancer risk and survival
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Curtin Karen , Poole Elizabeth M. , Duggan David J. , Samowitz Wade S. , Peters Ulrike , Caan Bette J. , Potter John D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has been shown to be influenced by genetic variation in the CRP gene. In this study, we test the hypothesis that genetic variation in CRP influences both the risk of developing colon and rectal cancer and survival. Two population‐based studies of colon cancer (n = 1,574 cases, 1,970 controls) and rectal (n = 791 cases, 999 controls) were conducted. We evaluated four CRP tagSNPs: rs1205 (G > A, 3′ UTR); rs1417938 (T > A, intron); rs1800947 (G > C, L184L); and rs3093075 (C > A, 3′ flanking). The CRP rs1205 AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1–1.7), whereas the rs3093075 A allele was associated with a reduced risk of rectal cancer (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5–0.9). The strongest association for the rs1205 polymorphism and colon cancer was observed among those with KRAS2 mutations (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.1–2.0). The CRP rs1205 AA genotype also was associated with an increased risk of CIMP+ rectal tumors (OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.2–5.3); conversely, the rs1417938 A allele was associated with a reduced risk of CIMP+ rectal tumors (OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.9). We observed interactions between CRP rs1800947 and BMI and family history of CRC in modifying risk of both colon and rectal cancer. These data suggest that genetic variation in the CRP gene influences risk of both colon and rectal cancer development.