bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Discursive Struggle for Digital Sovereignty: Security, Economy, Rights and the Cloud Project Gaia‐X
Authors: Adler‐Nissen Rebecca , Eggeling Kristin Anabel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the struggle for ‘digital sovereignty’ in the European Union (EU). A seeming contradiction – the internet, after all, spans the globe – digital sovereignty is portrayed as the winning geoeconomic formula to keep the EU secure, competitive and democratic in the digital future. Approaching digital sovereignty as a discursive claim and analysing it through a case study of the European cloud project Gaia‐X, we show that there is no singular understanding of digital sovereignty in the EU. Instead, we identify six different conceptions across the domains of security, economy and rights. This article outlines three scenarios for how the digital sovereignty agenda may develop and thus shape the EU's digital policy and its relations with the rest of the world: constitutional tolerance (where the conceptions co‐exist), hegemony (where one conception dominates) or collapse (where the agenda falls apart due to inbuilt conceptual contradictions).
A Bayesian approach for exploring person × environment interaction within the environmental sensitivity meta‐framework
Authors: Lionetti Francesca , Calcagnì Antonio , D'Urso Giulio , Spinelli Maria , Fasolo Mirco , Pluess Michael , Pastore Massimiliano 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundFor investigating the individual–environment interplay and individual differences in response to environmental exposures as captured by models of environmental sensitivity including Diathesis‐stress, Differential Susceptibility, and Vantage Sensitivity, over the last few years, a series of statistical guidelines have been proposed. However, available solutions suffer of computational problems especially relevant when sample size is not sufficiently large, a common condition in observational and clinical studies.MethodIn the current contribution, we propose a Bayesian solution for estimating interaction parameters via Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC), adapting Widaman et al. (Psychological Methods, 17, 2012, 615) Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) approach.ResultsFindings from an applied exemplification and a simulation study showed that with relatively big samples both MCMC and NLS estimates converged on the same results. Conversely, MCMC clearly outperformed NLS, resolving estimation problems and providing more accurate estimates, particularly with small samples and greater residual variance.ConclusionsAs the body of research exploring the interplay between individual and environmental variables grows, enabling predictions regarding the form of interaction and the extent of effects, the Bayesian approach could emerge as a feasible and readily applicable solution to numerous computational challenges inherent in existing frequentist methods. This approach holds promise for enhancing the trustworthiness of research outcomes, thereby impacting clinical and applied understanding.
Synthetic long stock and option trading: Evidence from stock splits
Authors: Liu Yifan , Piccotti Louis R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe theoretically and empirically identify synthetic long stock as an alternative driver of option trading. Our model proves that the use of synthetic long stocks by capital‐constrained traders contributes to at‐the‐money (ATM) option trading. Using an event study based on stock splits, we document empirical evidence consistent with the model's predictions. ATM option trading declines after stock splits, and these declines are more pronounced for stock splits with higher stock split factors and for more illiquid stocks but are less pronounced for more illiquid options. Our study implies that option trading can occur even without information or opinion dispersion.
Developmental stasis, sensitivity, and disturbance: Linking concepts to analytic methods using impulsivity and alcohol use
Authors: Hinnant Ben , Jager Justin , Rauer Amy J. , Thompson Morgan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goals of this article are to (a) describe and contrast conceptual characteristics of periods of developmental sensitivity, disturbance, and stasis, and (b) translate these concepts to testable analytic models with an example dataset. Although the concept of developmental sensitivity is widely known, the concepts of developmental stasis and disturbance have received less attention. We first define the concepts and their principles and then, using repeated measures data on impulsivity and alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood, propose the dual latent change score (LCS) growth model as one analytic approach for evaluating evidence for key characteristics of these developmental concepts via examination of intraindividual time‐varying associations.
Present status of scheduled vaccinations and vaccination‐related bleeding in Chinese children with haemophilia
Authors: Li Zhuo , Zhou Yin , Li Kuixing , Zhao Yongqiang , Song Yuqing , Xiao Juan 
Published: May 2024

AimMany countries have detailed recommendations for haemophilia patients to reduce the risk of vaccination‐related bleeding. However, data from developing countries are lacking. We investigated scheduled vaccinations and vaccination‐related bleeding complications in Chinese children with haemophilia and analysed issues related to vaccinations.MethodsChildren with haemophilia in the PUMCH Haemophilia Treatment Centre were contacted via telephone. We distributed a vaccination questionnaire to their parents. The severity of haemophilia, coagulation factor infusions before vaccination, injection mode, and vaccination‐related complications were analysed.ResultsA total of 440 valid questionnaires were received from 27 of 34 provinces in China. 31.3% (138/440) of the children with haemophilia did not receive all of their vaccinations. Among the children who received vaccinations, 48.1% (197/409) experienced bleeding complications. In patients with severe haemophilia, those on regular prophylaxis had a lower incidence of local hematoma compared to those on intermittent or no prophylaxis (14.3% vs. 26.5% vs. 39.7%, P < 0.05). The incidence of local hematomas was lower by subcutaneous (SQ) injections than by intramuscular injections (24.6% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe vaccination rate is quite insufficient in Chinese children with haemophilia. Missed vaccinations are related to vaccination‐related bleeding complications. Prophylaxis before vaccination and SQ injections would help reduce bleeding complications.
Genome assembly and annotation of Spilosoma obliqua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus from Bihar hairy caterpillar, an agriculturally important insect pest
Authors: Akram Mohammad , Iquebal Mir Asif , Baptala Kiran Gandhi , Jaiswal Sarika , Gopalakrishnan Kesharivarmen Sujayanand , Kamaal Naimuddin , J Jaisri , Bohra Abhishek , Soren Khelaram , Sachan Deepak Kumar , Husain Raja , Kumar Deepender , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpilosoma obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpobNPV) is known as a biocontrol agent against S. obliqua a polyphagous insect. Genome of an isolate designated as SpobMNPV was sequenced and found to have 136,141 bp, 139 putative open reading frames (ORFs) on both sense (48%) and anti‐sense (52%) strands and 97.91% nucleotide similarity with Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV). All the 38 core genes of baculoviruses were identified and validated in the SpobMNPV genome, which differed from SpobNPV–Manipur isolate in several aspects. In SpobMNPV genome, 7 h were found comprised of 2 to 16 repeated units of 67‐bp at each site with an imperfect 30‐bp palindrome near the centre in both orientations. Comparison of consensus palindrome sequences (hrcons) present in hrs with that of selected alphabaculovirus group I NPVs revealed them to be completely conserved at each side of the hrcons, that is 1‐GxTTTxC‐7 and 22‐TxGxAAAxC‐30. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 38 core genes, SpobMNPV was found closest to the HycuNPV in the group I alphabaculovirus. The complete genome of this isolate is being reported for the first time from North India. The information on genome analysis of SpobMNPV will be an addition to the available database on alphabaculoviruses and also accelerate research on SpobNPV as a component of integrated management of S. obliqua in many economically important crops.
Capsaicin attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis‐suppressed osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells via regulating mitochondrial function and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Weijia , Zhou Zhiyan , Ding Tian , Feng Susu , Liu Hongrui , Liu Mengmeng , Ge Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevention of periodontal bone resorption triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is crucial for dental stability. Capsaicin, known as the pungent ingredient of chili peppers, can activate key signaling molecules involved in osteogenic process. However, the effect of capsaicin on osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under inflammation remains elusive.MethodsP. gingivalis culture suspension was added to mimic the inflammatory status after capsaicin pretreatment. The effects of capsaicin on the osteogenesis of PDLSCs, as well as mitochondrial morphology, Ca2+ level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and osteogenesis‐regulated protein expression levels were analyzed. Furthermore, a mouse experimental periodontitis model was established to evaluate the effect of capsaicin on alveolar bone resorption and the expression of osteogenesis‐related proteins.ResultsUnder P. gingivalis stimulation, capsaicin increased osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Not surprisingly, capsaicin rescued the damage to mitochondrial morphology, decreased the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS, enhanced MMP and activated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The in vivo results showed that capsaicin significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss and augmented the expression of bone associated proteins.ConclusionCapsaicin increases osteogenesis of PDLSCs under inflammation and reduces alveolar bone resorption in mouse experimental periodontitis.
Low replicability of testing the stress–dominance hypothesis using a trait convergence/divergence pattern
Authors: Pakgohar Naghmeh , Barabás Sándor , Ćuk Mirjana , Csecserits Anikó , Gyalus Adrienn , Lengyel Attila , Lhotsky Barbara , Mártonffy András , Ónodi Gábor , Rédei Tamás , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsEcological theories predict that assembly processes are driven by two deterministic forces: environmental filtering and limiting similarity. Their relative importance under different environmental conditions is still not completely obvious. Therefore, in this paper the predictions of the stress–dominance hypothesis (SDH) are tested in several sites.LocationKiskunság in Hungary, and Deliblato Sands in Serbia, Central Europe.MethodsWe studied a productivity gradient from open sand grasslands to meadows. The cover of species was estimated visually in plots with a size of 2 m × 2 m, resulting in 344 vegetation plots. Four trait values (height, seed mass, specific leaf area, and leaf size) were collected from field measurements and databases. The weighted median of interspecies distances in traits (a robust alternative to Rao's quadratic entropy) was used to determine functional diversity. The convergence and divergence of each trait in communities were evaluated by randomization tests, and effect sizes were calculated for each plot. We used hierarchical general additive models (HGAM) to determine whether the trend of effect sizes along the productivity gradient is the same in different sites.ResultsThe HGAM approach indicated that trait variations follow global trends but are influenced by site‐specific effects. The exception is seed mass, whose variation did not have any trend. Both environmental filtering and limiting similarity exist in the communities, and mainly a shift from trait convergence to a divergence pattern along the productivity gradient was observed.ConclusionThe results are mainly congruent with theoretical expectations, but the results from the different sites did not lead to the same conclusion. Although traits follow a global trend, the site effect is not negligible. Critical evaluation of SDH using trait convergence/divergence patterns for exploring rules of community assembly points out the weaknesses of this hypothesis. Therefore, alternative ways of studying trait patterns should be found to better understand community organization.
Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Resistance mechanisms and strategies for improved efficacy
Authors: Qin Yongqing , Han Shisong , Yu Yahan , Qi Ding , Ran Mengnan , Yang Mingqi , Liu Yanyan , Li Yunyi , Lu Ligong , Liu Yu , Li Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent and destructive causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, approximately 70% of patients with HCC exhibit advanced disease at diagnosis, limiting the potential for radical treatment. For such patients, lenvatinib, a long‐awaited alternative to sorafenib for first‐line targeted therapy, has become a key treatment. Unfortunately, despite some progress, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor because of drug resistance development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lenvatinib resistance and ways to relief drug resistance in HCC are largely unknown and lack of systematic summary; thus, this review not only aims to explore factors contributing to lenvatinib resistance in HCC, but more importantly, summary potential methods to conquer or mitigate the resistance. The results suggest that abnormal activation of pathways, drug transport, epigenetics, tumour microenvironment, cancer stem cells, regulated cell death, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and other mechanisms are involved in the development of lenvatinib resistance in HCC and subsequent HCC progression. To improve the therapeutic outcomes of lenvatinib, inhibiting acquired resistance, combined therapies, and nano‐delivery carriers may be possible approaches.
Survey of hepatitis B virus infection status after 35 years of universal vaccination implementation in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chi , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Huey‐Ling , Cheng Fang‐Wen , Wu Jia‐Feng , Su Wei‐Ju , Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Ni Yen‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs in Taiwan are one of the earliest programs in the world and have largely reduced the prevalence of HBV infection. We aimed to demonstrate the vaccination efficacy after 35 years and identify gaps toward HBV elimination.MethodsA total of 4717 individuals aged 1–60 years were recruited from four administrative regions based on the proportion of population distribution. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc) levels were assessed. HBV viral load, genotypes and HBsAg ‘ɑ’ determinant variants were evaluated if indicated.ResultsAfter 35 years of vaccination, the overall seropositivity rates for HBsAg and anti‐HBc in Taiwan were 4.05% and 21.3%, respectively. The vaccinated birth cohorts exhibited significantly lower seropositivity rates for both markers compared to the unvaccinated birth cohorts (HBsAg: 0.64% vs. 9.78%; anti‐HBc: 2.1% vs. 53.55%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Maternal transmission was identified as the main route of HBV infection in breakthrough cases. Additionally, increased prevalences of genotype C and HBsAg escape mutants were observed.ConclusionThe 35‐year universal HBV vaccination program effectively reduced the burden of HBV infection, but complete eradication of HBV infection has not yet been achieved. In addition to immunization, comprehensive screening and antiviral therapy for infected individuals, especially for pregnant women, are crucial strategies to eliminate HBV.
Outbreeding reduces survival during metamorphosis in a headwater stream salamander
Authors: Lowe Winsor H. , Addis Brett R. , Cochrane Madaline M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAssessing direct fitness effects of individual genetic diversity is challenging due to the intensive and long‐term data needed to quantify survival and reproduction in the wild. But resolving these effects is necessary to determine how inbreeding and outbreeding influence eco‐evolutionary processes. We used 8 years of capture–recapture data and single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes for 1906 individuals to test for effects of individual heterozygosity on stage‐specific survival probabilities in the salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus. The life cycle of G. porphyriticus includes an aquatic larval stage followed by metamorphosis into a semi‐aquatic adult stage. In our study populations, the larval stage lasts 6–10 years, metamorphosis takes several months, and lifespan can reach 20 years. Previous studies showed that metamorphosis is a sensitive life stage, leading us to predict that fitness effects of individual heterozygosity would occur during metamorphosis. Consistent with this prediction, monthly probability of survival during metamorphosis declined with multi‐locus heterozygosity (MLH), from 0.38 at the lowest MLH (0.10) to 0.06 at the highest MLH (0.38), a reduction of 84%. Body condition of larvae also declined significantly with increasing MLH. These relationships were consistent in the three study streams. With evidence of localised inbreeding within streams, these results suggest that outbreeding disrupts adaptations in pre‐metamorphic and metamorphic individuals to environmental gradients along streams, adding to evidence that headwater streams are hotspots of microgeographic adaptation. Our results also underscore the importance of incorporating life history in analyses of the fitness effects of individual genetic diversity and suggest that metamorphosis and similar discrete life stage transitions may be critical periods of viability selection.
Lessons for Israel's Gaza War In America's Strategic Blunders
Authors: Monshipouri Mahmood 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLessons learned from counterterrorism operations indicate that purely military solutions are doomed to fail, and Israel is primed to repeat many of these mistakes. The comparison between America's post‐9/11 wars and the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict is not perfect: Al‐Qaeda was in Afghanistan but was not native to the country, and the transnational ISIS emerged out of the chaos in Iraq and Syria. Hamas, by contrast, represents a resistance movement indigenous to Gaza. The militant group is deeply rooted in the political and social struggle for Palestinian self‐determination, and its activities and support are motivated by desperate conditions on the ground. If Israel's assaults on Gaza in retaliation for the October 2023 Hamas bloodbath are to achieve enduring security, key questions arise, including whether the conflict will end with military occupation or political settlement. I argue that Israel should learn from the US strategic blunders in Afghanistan and Iraq. Absent a political solution, Israelis are likely to face terrorist assaults in the future. The military campaign may weaken or impair Hamas's infrastructure and power bases in Gaza, but without a plan for governance and development, Israel is likely to face the re‐emergence of a broadly based resistance movement.
Associations between postoperative cognitive dysfunction, serum interleukin‐6 and postoperative delirium among patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: A mediation analysis
Authors: Zhang Shan , Tao Xiang‐jun , Ding Shu , Feng Xin‐wei , Wu Fang‐qin , Wu Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPOCD is a common complication among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), it is linked to loss of independence and reduced quality of life.AimTo examine the association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), postoperative delirium (POD) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6).DesignA prospective cohort study.MethodsPatients who underwent elective isolated CABG were enrolled. POCD was assessed by a set of cognitive function tools. Delirium was assessed using the CAM‐ICU. The logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictive value of POD or IL‐6 on POCD. The path analysis was used to analyse the relationship among POD, IL‐6 and POCD.ResultsA total of 212 patients were enrolled, with 25.0% of patients developing POD and 32.5% developing POCD. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with POD had a four‐fold increased hazard of POCD (OR = 3.655), and patients with IL‐6 ≥ 830.50 pg/mL at the 6th hours after surgery had a 5‐fold increased risk of experiencing POCD (OR = 5.042). However, the mediation effect of POD between IL‐6 and POCD was not statistically significant (β = 0.059, p = .392).ConclusionsPOD and IL‐6 at the 6th hour after surgery (≥830.50 pg/mL) are two potent predictors for POCD, while POD did not play a mediation effect between IL‐6 and POCD.Relevance to Clinical PracticeEarly identification of risk factors (e.g., delirium assessment and testing for serum IL‐6 levels) by clinical nurses for POCD may contribute to the clinical practice for the targeted prevention nursing strategies.
Looking for ALPS: The value of a combined assessment of biochemical markers
Authors: Fernandez Isabel , Touzot Fabien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare primary immune disorder caused by defect of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The current diagnostic criteria combine clinical features and typical biomarkers but have not been the object of clear international consensus.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on pediatric patients who were investigated for autoimmune cytopenia and/or lymphoproliferation at the CHU Sainte‐Justine Hospital over 10 years. Patients were screened using the combination of TCRαβ+ CD4− CD8− “double negative” (DN) T cells and soluble plasmatic FAS ligand (sFASL).ResultsAmong the 398 tested patients, the median sFASL and DN T cells were 200 ng/mL and 1.8% of TCRαβ+ T cells, respectively. sFASL was highly correlated with vitamin B12 levels. We identified five patients diagnosed with ALPS for whose sFASL and vitamin B12 levels were the more discriminating biomarkers. While ALPS diagnostic criteria had high sensibility, their predictive value remained low.ConclusionsFASL level can efficiently discriminate patients with ALPS when using the appropriate thresholds. Our study highlights the need for an international consensus to redefine the place and threshold of biological biomarkers for ALPS diagnosis.
Post‐vaccine nodules with prurigo in a child successfully treated by dupilumab
Authors: Raison‐Peyron Nadia , El Gana Marwa , Amelot Florence , Bessis Didier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the case of a 7‐year‐old girl with severe generalized prurigo associated with diffuse persistent pruritic nodules due to sensitization to aluminum‐adsorbed vaccines. Treatment with dupilumab resulted in an excellent therapeutic response.