bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy and milk consumption and child growth: Is BMI involved? An analysis of NHANES 1999–2004
Authors: Wiley Andrea S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHumans are unique among mammals in that many consume cow's milk or other dairy products well beyond the traditional age of weaning. Milk provides various nutrients and bioactive molecules to support growth and development, and the question arises as to whether this dietary behavior influences growth parameters. There is evidence that milk makes positive contributions to growth in height, but its associations with other aspects of body size, such as body mass index (BMI), are not well‐established. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2004 and multivariate regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis that milk (g) or total dairy product consumption (kJ) is associated with higher BMI percentile among US White, Black, and Mexican‐American children of age 2–4 years (n= 1,493) and 5–10 years (n= 2,526). Younger children in the highest quartile of dairy intake had higher BMIs (β = 7.5–8.0;P< 0.01) than those in the lowest two quartiles. Controlling for energy intake eliminated differences between QIV and QI. Among children of 5–10 years of age dairy intake had no relationship to BMI. Young children in the highest quartile of milk intake had higher BMIs than all lower quartiles (β = 7.1–12.8; β = 6.3–11.8 in energy‐controlled models;P< 0.05). Among children of 5–10 years of age, those in QIV for milk intake had higher BMIs than those in QII (β = 8.3; β = 7.1 in energy‐controlled model;P< 0.01). Controlling for total protein or calcium did not change the results. Milk had more consistent positive associations with BMI than did dairy products, and these were strongest among children of 2–4 years of age. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyrolysed powdered mussel shells for eutrophication control: effect of particle size and powder concentration on the mechanism and extent of phosphate removal
Authors: Abeynaike Arjan , Wang Luyao , Jones Mark I. , Patterson Darrell A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe international shellfish farming industry has a growing problem with respect to sustainability: the shells, a by‐product, are currently being mostly wasted to landfill. Instead, this calcium‐rich resource can be used to produce lime [calcium oxide (CaO)] and then used to remove phosphate from rural wastewaters. Powdered mussel shell was heat treated to form lime. Two different shell particle sizes (fine, 53–106 µm; coarse, 212–250 µm) as well as various pyrolysis times, heating rates, pyrolysis temperatures and shell concentrations were used to determine the effects of these parameters on the lime formation and subsequent phosphate removal from a synthetic wastewater. Furthermore, the mechanisms of phosphate removal were determined by quantifying the phosphate content in all components before and after reaction with the synthetic wastewater. It was found that with excess of partially calcined pyrolysed shells, at a concentration of 5 g l−1, more than 95% phosphate removal was achieved, irrespective of particle size or pyrolysis conditions. When using optimally heat‐treated shells (particle size: 53–106 µm, pyrolysed for 1 h at 750 °C), it was possible to achieve over 90% phosphate removal using just 196 mg l−1 of shell. For the pyrolysed shells, the main mechanisms of phosphate removal were homogeneous nucleation to form a suspended precipitate, as well as adsorption and heterogeneous precipitation on the surface of the remaining calcite shell particles. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption kinetics of methane on a template‐synthesized carbon powder and its pellet
Authors: Guan Cong , Yang Chun , Wang Kean 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdsorptive storage of natural gas provides an alternative to the compression storage technology. Activated carbons can provide good storage capacity at relatively low cost. The volumetric storage capacity can be increased (two to three times) on carbon monoliths/pellets compared with the powdered form. The uptake rate and the effect of adsorption heat are important factors as the storage capacity must be realized rapidly for charging cycles.Methane adsorption kinetics was investigated on an activated carbon and its pellet in a batch adsorber at 298 K. The carbon was prepared by templated synthesis whereas the pellet was fabricated using a binderless method. Linear driving force (LDF) and Fickian diffusion (FD) models were utilized to study the kinetics. Both LDF and FD models can adequately describe the observed methane kinetics on the carbon samples when the dosing pressure > 5 bar. The heat of methane adsorption was found as high as 22 kJ/mol, and it plays an important role in the observed kinetic rates on both carbon powder and the pellet. The adsorption kinetics on the pellet appears to be slightly faster than that on the powder due to the quicker dissipation of the sorption heat. The LDF model is recommended for the study of methane uptake kinetics onto both carbon samples because of its simplicity and flexibility, and ability to model the data at both low and high sorption pressures. The effects of isotherm nonlinearity and surface heterogeneity were also discussed. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of fibroblast activation protein and dipeptidylpeptidase 4 increases cartilage invasion by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Ospelt Caroline , Mertens Joachim C. , Jüngel Astrid , Brentano Fabia , Maciejewska‐Rodriguez Hanna , Huber Lars C. , Hemmatazad Hossein , Wüest Thomas , Knuth Alexander , Gay Renate E. , Michel Beat A. , Gay Steffen , Renner Christoph , Bauer Stefan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveSince fibroblasts in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) express the serine proteases fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP‐4)/CD26, we undertook the current study to determine the functional role of both enzymes in the invasion of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) into articular cartilage.MethodsExpression of FAP and DPP‐4/CD26 by RASFs was analyzed using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and immunocytochemistry. Serine protease activity was measured by cleavage of fluorogenic substrates and inhibited upon treatment with L‐glutamyl L‐boroproline. The induction and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in RASFs were detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Densitometric measurements of MMPs using immunoblotting confirmed our findings on the messenger RNA level. Stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF‐1 [CXCL12]), MMP‐1, and MMP‐3 protein levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The impact of FAP and DPP‐4/CD26 inhibition on the invasiveness of RASFs was analyzed in the SCID mouse coimplantation model of RA using immunohistochemistry.ResultsInhibition of serine protease activity of FAP and DPP‐4/CD26 in vitro led to increased levels of SDF‐1 in concert with MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, which are downstream effectors of SDF‐1 signaling. Using the SCID mouse coimplantation model, inhibition of enzymatic activity in vivo significantly promoted invasion of xenotransplanted RASFs into cotransplanted human cartilage. Zones of cartilage resorption were infiltrated by FAP‐expressing RASFs and marked by a significantly higher accumulation of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, when compared with controls.ConclusionOur results indicate a central role for the serine protease activity of FAP and DPP‐4/CD26 in protecting articular cartilage against invasion by synovial fibroblasts in RA.
ERK‐1/2 and p38 in the regulation of hypertrophic changes of normal articular cartilage chondrocytes induced by osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts
Authors: Prasadam Indira , van Gennip Stijn , Friis Thor , Shi Wei , Crawford Ross , Xiao Yin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown the influence of subchondral bone osteoblasts (SBOs) on phenotypical changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes (ACCs) during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The molecular mechanisms involved during this process remain elusive, in particular, the signal transduction pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of OA SBOs on the phenotypical changes in normal ACCs and to unveil the potential involvement of MAPK signaling pathways during this process.MethodsNormal and arthritic cartilage and bone samples were collected for isolation of ACCs and SBOs. Direct and indirect coculture models were applied to study chondrocyte hypertrophy under the influence of OA SBOs. MAPKs in the regulation of the cell–cell interactions were monitored by phosphorylated antibodies and relevant inhibitors.ResultsOA SBOs led to increased hypertrophic gene expression and matrix calcification in ACCs by means of both direct and indirect cell–cell interactions. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that OA SBOs suppressed p38 phosphorylation and induced ERK‐1/2 signal phosphorylation in cocultured ACCs. The ERK‐1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 significantly attenuated the hypertrophic changes induced by conditioned medium from OA SBOs, and the p38 inhibitor SB203580 resulted in the up‐regulation of hypertrophic genes in ACCs.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that the pathologic interaction of OA SBOs and ACCs is mediated via the activation of ERK‐1/2 phosphorylation and deactivation of p38 phosphorylation, resulting in hypertrophic differentiation of ACCs.
Regulation of myeloperoxidase‐specific T cell responses during disease remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis: The role of Treg cells and tryptophan degradation
Authors: Chavele Konstantia‐Maria , Shukla Deepa , Keteepe‐Arachi Tracey , Seidel Judith Anna , Fuchs Dietmar , Pusey Charles D. , Salama Alan D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveT lymphocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV). Patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) experience relapses less frequently than those with proteinase 3 ANCA, suggesting greater immune regulation. This study was undertaken to investigate MPO‐specific T cell reactivity during disease remission and the factors regulating their responsiveness.MethodsMPO‐specific T cells were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunospot assay with additional Treg cell depletion or exogenous interleukin‐2. Serum tryptophan and its metabolites were measured. In vivo blockade of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) was performed, and its effect on MPO reactivity was assessed.ResultsDuring disease remission, MPO‐specific interferon‐γ–producing T cell frequencies were comparable with those found in healthy controls and significantly lower than those found in patients with acute disease. CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells did not play a role in maintaining these low MPO‐specific T cell frequencies, since depletion of Treg cells did not augment MPO‐specific responses, and FoxP3 levels were diminished in patients compared with controls. Treg cell function, however, was comparable in patients and controls, suggesting numerical rather than functional deficiency. We found diminished serum tryptophan levels and elevated levels of its metabolite kynurenine in patients with MPO AAV as compared with controls. To confirm the effect of tryptophan degradation on MPO responses in vivo, we inhibited degradation in MPO‐immunized WKY rats and found greater immune responsiveness to MPO and a tendency to more severe glomerulonephritis.ConclusionOur findings indicate that MPO‐specific T cell frequencies are regulated during disease remission in association with tryptophan degradation. The tryptophan regulatory pathway is induced during active disease and persists during disease remission.
Assessment of cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis by computerized neuropsychological tests
Authors: Hanly John G. , Omisade Antonina , Su Li , Farewell Vernon , Fisk John D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveComputerized neuropsychological testing may facilitate screening for cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to compare patients with SLE, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with healthy controls using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM).MethodsPatients with SLE (n = 68), RA (n = 33), and MS (n = 20) were compared with healthy controls (n = 29). Efficiency of cognitive performance on 8 ANAM subtests was examined using throughput (TP), inverse efficiency (IE), and adjusted IE scores. The latter is more sensitive to higher cognitive functions because it adjusts for the impact of simple reaction time on performance. The results were analyzed using O'Brien's generalized least squares test.ResultsControl subjects were the most efficient in cognitive performance. MS patients were least efficient overall (as assessed by TP and IE scores) and were less efficient than both SLE patients (P = 0.01) and RA patients (P < 0.01), who did not differ. Adjusted IE scores were similar between SLE patients, RA patients, and controls, reflecting the impact of simple reaction time on cognitive performance. Thus, 50% of SLE patients, 61% of RA patients, and 75% of MS patients had impaired performance on ≥1 ANAM subtest. Only 9% of RA patients and 11% of SLE patients had impaired performance on ≥4 subtests, whereas this was true for 20% of MS patients.ConclusionANAM is sensitive to cognitive impairment. While such computerized testing may be a valuable screening tool, our results emphasize the lack of specificity of slowed performance as a reliable indicator of impairment of higher cognitive function in SLE patients.
Simulation of sirolimus exposures and population variability immediately post renal transplantation: importance of the patient's CYP3A5 genotype in tailoring treatment
Authors: Lukas John C. , Calvo Rosario , Zografidis Anastasios , Ortega Ignacio , Suárez Elena 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rapid achievement of efficacious exposure to sirolimus (SRL) after renal transplantation is crucial. However, there is high unpredictability in the dose to exposure relationship. Part of the variation is related to patients originating from subpopulations of fast or slow metabolizers via the CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype. The probability of achieving therapeutic SRL blood concentrations for each subpopulation under two equal‐intensity increasing‐frequency protocols after the start of treatment was explored with Monte Carlo simulation. The population pharmacokinetic model and inter‐patient variability distributions of Djebli et al. (DRH2006) were sampled. They developed a base and final model with a genotype covariate for CL/F in patients receiving calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐free therapy with SRL, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. Fast metabolizers (expressers) had a CL/F of 28.3 l/h whilst slow metabolizers (non‐expressers) had a CL/F of 14.1 l/h. Here, in simulation, a standard 10 mg QD SRL was contrasted with a higher frequency of 5 mg BID SRL as related to the proportion of next dosed patients being within the 15–30 ng/ml trough levels on day 7 after transplantation. Near 0% of expressers on either regimen reached or exceeded the 30 ng/ml trough on day 7. Expressers showed protocol dependence for the chance of being within the 15–30 ng/ml range with the 5 mg BID protocol doubling those chances. Non‐expressers appeared less protocol dependent for the probability of being above or below the 15–30 ng/ml range. The ability to determine the genotype early on may help to rationalize the initial titration of individual patients receiving CNI‐free renal transplantation treatment with SRL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stopped‐flow study of the dual chemiluminescence for the luminol–KIO4–Mn2+ system in strong alkaline solutions
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Yuan , Lin Wann‐Yin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel phenomenon of dual chemiluminescence (CL) was observed for the KIO4–luminol–Mn2+ system in strong alkaline solutions using the stopped‐flow technique. Scavenging study of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested that the two CL peaks originated from different CL pathways precipated by distinct ROS (O2− and •OH for the first peak, mainly 1O2 for the second peak). Generation of these ROS at different time intervals from the reactions involving IO4−, O2, and Mn2+ and their subsequent reactions with luminol induced the intense CL emission. The relative intensity of the two CL peaks can be tuned over a wide range by varying the concentrations of Mn2−, luminol and KIO4. Because of the involvement of different ROS in each pathway, the two CL peaks could respond quite differently to various substances. Moreover, variation of the intensity ratio of the two CL peaks altered the relative proportions of the corresponding ROS, thereby changing their responses to a given substance. The dual CL emission acts like a pair of tunable probes and it is believed that this CL system has great potential in analytical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propensity scored analysis of outcomes after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Holt P J E , Karthikesalingam A , Poloniecki J D , Hinchliffe R J , Loftus I M , Thompson M M 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
This study examined the population outcome of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) in England, the role of endovascular repair (EVAR), and the relationship between outcome and hospital workload.

Methods
Data were retrieved from Hospital Episode Statistics between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2008. Propensity scoring was used to compare the outcomes of stratified patients undergoing EVAR and open repair. The relationship between workload and outcome was determined.

Results
Some 3725 urgent and 4414 rAAA repairs were included. Mortality rates were 21·3 per cent for urgent repair and 46·3 per cent for rAAA repair. EVAR was employed for 16·3 and 7·6 per cent of urgent and rAAA repairs respectively. EVAR was associated with significantly reduced mortality for urgent repair (odds ratio (OR) 0·531, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·415 to 0·680; P &lt; 0·001) and rAAA repair (OR 0·527, 0·416 to 0·668; P &lt; 0·001). A propensity scored analysis confirmed the benefit of EVAR for rAAA repair (P &lt; 0·001). Repair of rAAA at hospitals with a higher elective aneurysm workload was associated with lower mortality rates irrespective of the mode of treatment (P &lt; 0·001). Higher-volume hospitals were more likely to operate on rAAA (P = 0·033).

Conclusion
EVAR offered a survival advantage over open repair for non-elective aneurysm procedures. Services for the treatment of rAAA should incorporate access to EVAR and would benefit from being based in units with a high elective caseload.
Randomized controlled trial of pelvic calcium alginate following rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Maggiori L , Rullier E , Meyer C , Portier G , Faucheron J L , Panis Y 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the possible benefit of using a new haemostatic agent (Hémoionic®) in the pelvic cavity in sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer.

Methods
Eighty-five patients undergoing elective sphincter-saving rectal resection for cancer were randomized into Hémoionic® (41 patients) and control (44) groups. In both groups, a pelvic suction drain was left in place for as long as the daily output exceeded 20 ml. The primary endpoint was volume of fluid collected by the suction drain; secondary endpoints were duration of drainage, and postoperative mortality and morbidity rates.

Results
The mean total drainage volume was significantly lower in the Hémoionic® group (453 ml versus 758 ml in control group; P = 0·031). There was no significant difference between groups in duration of drainage and morbidity. The mortality rate was four of 41 in the Hémoionic® group and one of 44 in the control group (P = 0·192).

Conclusion
Hémoionic® may reduce the drainage volume after sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer, but offers no clinical advantage. Registration number: ISRCTN79721331 (http://www.isrctn.org).
Laparoscopic resection with transcolonic specimen extraction for ileocaecal Crohn's disease
Authors: Eshuis E J , Voermans R P , Stokkers P C F , van Berge Henegouwen M I , Fockens P , Bemelman W A 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease can be performed entirely laparoscopically. However, an incision is needed for specimen extraction. This prospective observational study assessed the feasibility of endoscopic transcolonic specimen removal.

Methods
Endoscopic specimen removal was attempted in a consecutive series of ten patients scheduled for laparoscopic ileocolic resection. Primary outcomes were feasibility, operating time, reoperation rate, pain scores, morphine requirement and hospital stay. To assess applicability, outcomes were compared with previous data from patients who had laparoscopically assisted operations.

Results
Transcolonic removal was successful in eight of ten patients; it was considered not feasible in two patients because the inflammatory mass was too large (7–8 cm). Median operating time was 208 min and median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days. After surgery two patients developed an intra-abdominal abscess, drained laparoscopically or percutaneously, and one patient had another site-specific infection. The operation took longer than conventional laparoscopy, with no benefits perceived by patients in terms of cosmesis or body image.

Conclusion
Transcolonic removal of the specimen in ileocolic Crohn's disease is feasible in the absence of a large inflammatory mass but infection may be a problem. It is unclear whether the technique offers benefit compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery.
Transradial carotid stenting in a patient with bovine arch anatomy
Authors: Gan Hwa Wooi , Bhasin Anuj , Wu Chiung‐Jen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCarotid stenting in difficult arch anatomy can be safely done by transradial route depending upon operator's experience. Left carotid artery stenosis with Bovine arch anatomy can be approached by right arm approach (radial/brachial) easily. In cases with Bovine arch anatomy, left arm approach by modified looping technique is still possible. We report a case of carotid stenting in a patient with bovine arch anatomy using percusurge anchoring technique through left radial approach. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards Solar Fuels from Water and CO2
Authors: Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSolar fuels from water and CO2 are a topic of current large scientific and industrial interest. Research advances on bioroutes, concentrated solar thermal and low‐temperature conversion using semiconductors and a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) approach, are critically discussed and compared in an attempt to define challenges and current limits and to identify the priorities on which focus research and development (R&D). The need to produce fuels that are easy to transport and store, which can be integrated into the existing energy infrastructure, is emphasized. The role of solar fuels produced from CO2 in comparison with solar H2 is analyzed. Solar fuels are complementary to solar to electrical energy conversion, but they still need intensified R&D before possible commercialization.