bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ready, Willing, and Able: A Framework for Improving the Public Health Emergency Preparedness System
Authors: McCabe O. Lee , Barnett Daniel J. , Taylor Henry G. , Links Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTEvery society is exposed periodically to catastrophes and public health emergencies that are broad in scale. Too often, these experiences reveal major deficits in the quality of emergency response. A critical barrier to achieving preparedness for high-quality, system-based emergency response is the absence of a universal framework and common language to guide the pursuit of that goal. We describe a simple but comprehensive framework to encourage a focused conversation to improve preparedness for the benefit of individuals, families, organizations, communities, and society as a whole. We propose that constructs associated with the well-known expression “ready, willing, and able” represent necessary and sufficient elements for a standardized approach to ensure high-quality emergency response across the disparate entities that make up the public health emergency preparedness system. The “ready, willing, and able” constructs are described and specific applications are offered to illustrate the broad applicability and heuristic value of the model. Finally, prospective steps are outlined for initiating and advancing a dialogue that may directly lead to or inform already existing efforts to develop quality standards, measures, guidance, and (potentially) a national accreditation program.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:161-168)
Impact on Hospital Functions Following the 2010 Chilean Earthquake
Authors: Kirsch Thomas D. , Mitrani-Reiser Judith , Bissell Richard , Sauer Lauren M. , Mahoney Michael , Holmes William T. , Santa Cruz Nicolás , de la Maza Francisco 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the 2010 Chilean earthquake on hospital functions and services. Hospitals functioning in a post-disaster environment must provide emergency medical care related to the event, in addition to providing standard community health services. This study focused on damage to both structural and nonstructural components, as well as to utility services.Methods: Site visits were made to every hospital in a single province (Bio-Bio). Engineers conducted damage assessments while interviews of hospital administrators were conducted. The survey was requested by the Chilean Ministry of Health (MOH) to assess the impact of the earthquake on hospital operations and facility responses to those effects. Other important regional and hospital data were gathered from hospital administrators and the MOH.Results: Seven government hospitals were surveyed. All hospitals in the region lost communications, municipal electrical power and water for several days. All reported some physical damage although only one suffered significant structural damage. All lost some functional capacity as a result of the earthquake. The loss of telephones and cellular service was identified as the most difficult problem by administrators. An average of 3 physical areas per hospital lost some degree of functional capacity following the earthquake.Conclusion: Even in an earthquake-prone and very well-prepared country such as Chile hospital functions were widely disrupted by the event. The loss of hospital functions can occur even with minimal damage to the physical structure. The loss of communications can impede or halt response efforts at all levels. Hospitals should be prepared to self-sustain following a disaster for 2-3 days regardless of the level of structural damage. Understanding the details of these impacts is essential to hospital preparedness and plans for continuing services after a disaster.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:122-128)
Institute of Medicine's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events: Current Initiatives
Authors: Stroud Clare , Altevogt Bruce M. , Goldfrank Lewis R. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIt is only possible to achieve a resilient community and an integrated, comprehensive, and resilient health system that can respond effectively to a public health emergency through active collaboration, coordination, and shared responsibility among a broad group of public and private stakeholders and the community itself. The Institute of Medicine established the Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events in 2007 to provide a neutral venue for dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders in the preparedness field. In the Forum's first year, the members began to address topics such as medical countermeasures dispensing, crisis standards of care, and medical surge capacity. In the past 9 months, the Forum members have expanded their areas of interest in response to current events and national areas of focus. Current topics include individual, family, and community preparedness and resiliency; medical countermeasures from development through dispensing; and the response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Across all of the initiatives undertaken by the Forum, the common element is that they tackle problems, gaps, and future opportunities that can only be successfully addressed if multiple stakeholders work together.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:174-177)
Do U.S. food processors respond to sweetener‐related health information?
Authors: Hailu Getu , Cranfield John , Thangaraj Rawlin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examines the differential effects of relative prices and sweetener‐related health information on the substitutability between sweeteners in the U.S. food processing sector. Results suggest that cane and corn sugar are gross complements, Allen complements, but Morishima substitutes. Furthermore, the Morishima elasticity of substitution (MES) is more responsive to changes in relative prices than to changes in health information. In addition, the MES for cane‐ and corn‐based sweeteners is more responsive to health information from popular media sources than scientific and medical publications. [EconLit citations: D240, I180, Q110]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial X;Y translocation with distinct phenotypic consequences: Characterization using FISH and array CGH
Authors: Bukvic N. , Carri V. Delli , Di Cosola M. L. , Pustorino G. , Cesarano C. , Chetta M. , Santacroce R. , Sarno M. , Sessa F. , Longo V. , Novelli A. , Gentile M. , Margaglione M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractX;Y translocation is a relatively rare event in humans. Analyzed cytogenetically, the majority of these aberrations have breakpoints at Xp22 and Yq11. Females with t(X;Y)(p22;q11) are phenotypically normal except for short stature, while the males may have abnormalities. Aberrations that lead to nullisomy of the deleted region and complete loss of the respective genes have been recognized as a cause of variable contiguous gene syndromes in males. The phenotype depends on the extent and position of the deletion showing the variable association of apparently unrelated clinical manifestations such as ichthyosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia, ocular albinism, short stature, and mental retardation. In addition, some patients have been reported with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The extent of terminal Xp deletions is limited by the presence of male lethal genes in Xp22.2 at about 10–11 Mb from the telomere. The deletions in the majority of viable reported male patients extend to the STS (∼7.0 Mb) or to the KAL1 (∼8.5 Mb) loci. We present a clinical, cytogenetic, FISH, and array CGH study of a family with an Xp;Yq translocation. The chromosomal status is also discussed in the light of their phenotypic traits. The final karyotypes of the patients were designated as:

Patient 1: 46,Y,der(X),t(X;Y)(p22;q12).ish der(X)(Xpter−,DXZ1+,Xqter+)mat.arr cgh Xp22.31p22.33(RP11‐60P14 → RP13‐391G2)x0;arr cgh Yq11.221qter (RP11‐235I1 → RP11‐270H4)x2.
Patient 2: 46,X,der(X),t(X;Y)(p22;q12).ish der(X)(Xpter−,DXZ1+,Xqter+)mat.arr cgh Xp22.31p22.33(RP11‐60P14 → RP13‐391G2)x1;arr cgh Yq11.221qter (RP11‐235I1 → RP11‐270H4)x1.
© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A de novo duplication of Xp11.22–p11.4 in a girl with intellectual disability, structural brain anomalies, and preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome
Authors: Holden Simon T. , Clarkson Amanda , Thomas N. Simon , Abbott Kristin , James Matthew R. , Willatt Lionel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOnly a small number of individuals with duplications within the proximal short arm of the X chromosome have been reported. The majority of patients have duplications encompassing Xp11–p21, or extend more distally into Xp22. We report on a female patient who presented within the first year of life with plagiocephaly, speech delay, and epilepsy. Brain MRI showed a relatively thin cerebral cortex, abnormal periventricular white matter, and abnormal vessels in the left inferior parietal region. Cytogenetic and microsatellite analysis of the patient and her parents showed that she has a de novo duplication of Xp11.22–Xp11.4 on her paternal X chromosome. FISH analysis using fluorescently labeled BACs followed by array analysis including an X tilepath BAC array showed that a 12.3 Mb interval between 40.4 Mb and 52.7 Mb from the Xp telomere (NCBI build 36) was duplicated and excluded the presence of additional rearrangements along the X chromosome. Interestingly, X‐inactivation studies in peripheral blood leukocytes showed that the duplicated (paternal) X chromosome was active in the majority of cells, in contrast to other patients with Xp duplications in whom X inactivation is random or skewed toward the normal X. These findings suggest that overexpression of genes from proximal Xp is likely to have contributed to her clinical phenotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxygen plasma treatment to reduce the dyeing temperature of wool fabrics
Authors: Rombaldoni Fabio , Montarsolo Alessio , Mossotti Raffaella , Innocenti Riccardo , Mazzuchetti Giorgio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe possibility of reducing the dyeing temperature of wool fabrics by means of an oxygen low‐temperature plasma etching pretreatment at different discharge powers was investigated. We dyed fabrics at 98, 85, and 80°C, replicating the dyeing recipe and process of a dyeing mill on a laboratory‐scale machine. The plasma treatment modified the surface morphology and greatly increased the wettability and initial dyeing rate and shortened the half‐dyeing time, improving the diffusion of the dyes into the fibers at lower dyeing temperatures. In particular, the pretreatment allowed us to dye the wool fabrics at 85°C without affecting their dyeing performances in terms of final bath exhaustion and colorfastnesses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Role of a compatibilizer in the structure and micromechanical properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyolefin blends with clay
Authors: Hellati A. , Benachour D. , Cagiao M. E. , Boufassa S. , Baltá Calleja F. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe comparison of the degree of crystallinity and the micromechanical properties in the blends of recycled amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with a compatibilizer in different proportions is reported. The physical study of the composites of the compatibilized blends and clay is also discussed. The analysis, performed by means of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry techniques, permits us to describe, at microscale level, the role of the compatibilizer on the structure and microhardness of the polymer blends that we studied. The results reveal that PET was incompatible with both iPP and HDPE. However, the presence of the compatibilizer, a styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride, allowed the compatibilization of these polymers. In the PET/iPP blends, the clay seemed to have a nucleating effect on the iPP and also induced a hardness increase in the compatibilized blends. On the other hand, in case of PET/HDPE, the crystallinity of these samples (pure blends, blends with compatibilizer, and blends with compatibilizer plus clay) only depended on their composition. Similarly to the PET/iPP blends, the addition of clay induced an increase in the hardness of the compatibilized blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Resins IV: Preparation and characterization of terpolymer resins prepared from biphenol, thiourea and formaldehyde
Authors: Jadhao Manjusha M. , Paliwal L. J. , Bhave N. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTerpolymer resins (BPhThF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,2′‐dihydroxybiphenyl [BPh] and thiourea [Th] with formaldehyde [F] in the presence of acid catalyst and using varied molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer resin compositions have been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis, and the number average molecular weights of these resins were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Viscometric measurements in dimethyl formamide (DMF) have been carried out with a view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. UV–vis, FTIR, and NMR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of novolac‐type phenolic resins using glucose as the substitute for formaldehyde
Authors: Wang Mingcun , Yuan Zhongshun , Cheng Shuna , Leitch Mathew , Xu Chunbao Charles 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNovel Novolac type phenolic resins were prepared using glucose as the substitute for toxic formaldehyde (a carcinogenic chemical). The resins were synthesized with varying molar ratios of phenol to glucose, catalyzed by strong acid (such as sulfuric acid) at 120–150°C. Analysis of the resins using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) showed that they were broadly distributed oligomers derived from the Fridel‐Crafts condensation of phenol and glucose. Using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as the curing agent, the phenol‐glucose resins could be thermally cured and exhibited exothermic peaks at 130–180°C, typical of thermosetting phenolic resins. The cured resins showed satisfactory thermal stability, e.g., they started to decompose at >280°C with residual carbon yields of above 58% at 600°C. Based on the thermal properties, phenol‐glucose resin with a molar ratio of 1 : 0.5 is promising as it could be cured at a lower temperature (147°C) and exhibited a satisfactorily good thermal stability: it started to decompose at >300°C with a residual carbon yield of >64% at 600°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrospray modeling of highly viscous and non‐Newtonian liquids
Authors: Moghadam H. , Samimi M. , Samimi A. , Khorram M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe electrohydrodynamic spraying of highly viscous and non‐Newtonian aqueous solutions of sodium alginate were experimentally modeled with high direct‐current electric fields. A prototype electrospray setup comprising a nozzle connected to a high‐voltage counter electrode connected to earth and a curing facility to solidify the droplets was used. The main aim was initially set to extend the knowledge of the electrospray to highly viscous liquids, where shear thinning was the main rheological feature of fluid flow through the nozzle of the spray system. To model the process, the effects on the size of beads of the electric field strength, nozzle diameter, flow rate, and the material properties of density, viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity were characterized. The size distribution of the beads was obtained after the droplets were cured in a calcium chloride solution with an image analyzer system. The rheological study, carried out on different concentrations of alginate solution (i.e., 1–3 w/v %), showed a significant reduction in the viscosity as a function of the shear rate. Considering the shear‐thinning behavior of the solutions, in the modeling we applied the viscosity at the operational shear rate in the nozzle. Four dimensionless groups were introduced to obtain the relationship between the dimensionless group representing diameter and the other groups in the dripping and jet modes with statistical analysis of the experimental data. The proposed equations correlated the size of beads within ±10% deviations as compared to the experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites prepared with a environmentally benign processes
Authors: Kim Junsuk , Jung Yeonsu , Kwark Young‐Je , Jeong Youngjin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites were prepared with an environmentally benign processes. The surface functionalization of the MWNTs was performed with water as a solvent, and the functionalized MWNTs were mixed with PP to form composites with a melt process. The effects of the MWNTs on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were studied. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased with the amount of MWNTs. The thermal stability was also improved by the reinforced MWNTs. The MWNTs also improved the oxidative stability of the composite on UV irradiation. Although pure PP degraded almost completely after 12 h of irradiation, the composite reinforced with MWNTs retained some level of mechanical strength after UV irradiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rheological behavior and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene blends with different molecular weights
Authors: Bai Lu , Li Yan‐Mei , Yang Wei , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe dynamic rheological and mechanical properties of the binary blends of two conventional high‐density polyethylenes [HDPEs; low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW)] with distinct different weight‐average molecular weights were studied. The rheological results show that the rheological behavior of the blends departed from classical linear viscoelastic theory because of the polydispersity of the HDPEs that we used. Plots of the logarithm of the zero shear viscosity fitted by the Cross model versus the blend composition, Cole–Cole plots, Han curves, and master curves of the storage and loss moduli indicated the LMW/HMW blends of different compositions were miscible in the melt state. The tensile yield strength of the blends generally followed the linear additivity rule, whereas the elongation at break and impact strength were lower than those predicted by linear additivity; this suggested the incompatibility of the blends in solid state. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of microorganisms during the initial coagulum maturation of Hevea natural rubber
Authors: Intapun J. , Sainte‐Beuve J. , Bonfils F. , Tanrattanakul V. , Dubreucq E. , Vaysse L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe involvement of microorganisms in the initial stage of maturation of natural rubber coagula was assessed with five latex treatments that varied in the initial quantity of microorganisms; the treatments ranged from latex added with an antimicrobial agent (3.4 × 104 CFU/mL) to strongly inoculated latex (2.4 × 107 CFU/mL). After 0–6 days of maturation, the obtained rubber was characterized with respect to its physical and structural properties. The Wallace plasticity (P0) and plasticity retention index (PRI) remained constant during maturation with the antibiotic‐added treatment. PRI decreased with the maturation time, and the rate was proportional to the initial microorganism concentration. P0 of all inoculated rubber increased for the first 2 days of maturation and decreased after 6 days of maturation. With respect to structural parameters, a higher initial microorganism content corresponded to a higher gel content and a lower weight‐average molar mass after maturation, drying, and storage. The inoculated rubber showed a stable value for the number‐average molar mass (Mn), in contrast to the noninoculated samples, for which an increase in Mn during maturation was observed. The quantity of microorganisms significantly affected the physical properties and structure of the processed dry rubber. The mechanisms occurring during the initial stage of maturation are complex, and microorganisms are involved not only in the increase in sensitivity to thermooxidation but also in the crosslinking phenomenon between isoprene chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Elastic properties of adhesive polymers. III. Adhesive polymer films under dry and wet conditions characterized by means of nanoindentation
Authors: Konnerth Johannes , Stöckel Frank , Müller Ulrich , Gindl Wolfgang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cured wood‐adhesive films were tested in dry and wet states by means of nanoindentation. A fluid cell was used to monitor possible property changes as a function of changing moisture content. Under wet conditions, the elastic modulus and hardness of all tested adhesives (i.e., urea formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde, phenol resorcinol formaldehyde, and one‐component polyurethane) were reduced to about half of their values in the dry state. After renewed drying, all adhesives largely recovered their initial mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Studies on an argon laser‐induced photopolymerization employing both mono‐ and bischromophoric hemicyanine dye—Borate complex as a photoinitiator. Part III
Authors: Jędrzejewska Beata , Urbański Sławomir 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo series of homodimeric hemicyanine dyes based on 4‐(p‐N,N‐dialkylaminostyryl)pyridinium and 4‐(p‐N,N‐dialkylaminostyryl)quinolinium residues have been evaluated as novel photoinitiators for radical polymerization induced with an argon ion laser visible emission. In the tested photoredox pairs, hemicyanine dye cation acts as an electron acceptor and it is coupled with n‐butyltriphenyl borate anion being an electron donor. The photochemistry of the series of bichromophoric stilbazolium borates, 1,3‐, 1,5‐, and 1,10‐bis‐[4‐(p‐N,N‐dialkylaminostyryl)pyridinyl]alkane di‐n‐butyltriphenylborates and 1,3‐, 1,5‐, and 1,10‐bis‐[4‐(p‐N,N‐dialkylaminostyryl)quinolinyl]alkane di‐n‐butyltriphenylborates, was compared with the photochemistry of the structurally related, monochromophoric styrylpyridinium and the styrylquinolinium borates. The experimental results indicated that the rate of photopolymerization depends on ΔGel of the electron transfer between borate anion and hemicyanine cation. The relationship between the rate of polymerization and the free energy of activation shows the dependence predicted by the classical theory of the electron transfer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010