bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsatile growth hormone release in Turner's syndrome and short normal children
Authors: Ghizzoni Lucia , Lamborghini Adima , Ziveri Mariangela , Volta Cecilia , Panza Costantino , Balestrazzi Paolo , Bernasconi Sergio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
To determine whether the quantitative and qualitative aspects of GH secretion in girls with Turner's syndrome are similar to those of short-normal children we studied the 24-h GH secretion of 10 patients with Turner's syndrome and 9 short-normal children with comparable auxological features. GH profiles, obtained by 30-min sampling, were analysed by the Pulsar programme. The pulsatile GH release over the 24 h in Turner's syndrome was similar to that in normal children. However, when the GH release over the 12 day and night hours were separately analysed, only normal children showed a night-time increase in the sum of peak amplitudes. Moreover, patients with Turner's syndrome had significantly decreased number and frequency of peaks in the night-time compared with short children. In shortnormal children but not in Turner's syndrome, height velocity was related to the 24-h integrated concentration of GH, area under the curve over zero-line and over baseline, sum of peak areas, and amplitudes. Night-time GH area over zero-line and over baseline, mean peak amplitude, height, area, sum of peak areas, and amplitudes were positively correlated with height velocity in short children, whereas in Turner's syndrome height velocity was related to daytime parameters only. In conclusion, girls with Turner's syndrome have a discrete pattern of pulsatile GH release. However, the relation of GH secretion to growth, in these patients, is uncertain.
Epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in blood in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lev-Ran Arye , Hwang David L. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Epidermal and platelet-derived growth factors are potent mitogens for many types of cells, including smooth muscle cells. Epidermal growth factor in blood of humans is present both in platelets (as reflected in its serum level) and in plasma, the source(s) of which remains unknown. We assayed its level in 82 diabetic patients and 53 age-matched controls. In diabetes, epidermal growth factor level was increased in serum (191±43 vs 155±64 pmol/l, p = 0.0002 ) and plasma (53±9 vs 38±14 pmol/l, p<0.0001), without any difference between the patients with and without complications. Platelet-derived growth factor level was assayed only in serum of 19 patients with uncomplicated diabetes and found elevated (222±47) as compared with 13 controls (160±26 pmol/l), (p=0.0002). Type of diabetes, its duration, mode of therapy, control, presence of retinopathy or albuminuria (in case of epidermal growth factor), as well as C-peptide, age and sex did not correlate with epidermal or platelet-derived growth factor levels. Serum but not plasma epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor were negatively correlated with serum creatinine (correspondingly, r=−0.373, p=0.0008 and r= −0.564, p=0.0285). It is concluded that diabetes itself and not its complications cause increased levels of epidermal growth factor in plasma and serum and of platelet-derived growth factor in serum.
Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone content and secretion by perifused fetal rat islets during culture
Authors: Vara E. , Idahl L.-Å. , Lindström P. , Sehlin J. , Tamarit-Rodriguez J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
In the neonatal period of the rat, pancreatic thyrotropin-releasing hormone content decreases and the sensitivity of insulin secretion to glucose increases. In adult rat islets, TRH inhibits glucose-induced insulin release. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a high TRH content and release can be part of the explanation for the functional immaturity of neonatal islets. For that purpose, we have measured the tissue content and the secretion of immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and TRH in islets from 21.5-day-old rat fetuses cultured for up to one week. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin content increased during one week of culture in the presence of 11.1 mmol/l glucose. The TRH content decreased during culture, but did not equal adult values. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin responses to glucose were present after one week of culture. Glucose had no effect on TRH release in cultured fetal islets, but inhibited TRH release in adult islets. We conclude that glucose can stimulate insulin secretion without inhibiting TRH release, but that a decrease in islet TRH content and a sensitization of TRH secretion to glucose may be important in the full maturation of fetal pancreatic islets.
Uninephrectomy inducing quantitative and qualitative changes in LH isoforms in the male rat
Authors: Ujihara Makoto , Nomura Kaoru , Toraya Shohzoh , Demura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Recent findings that LH stimulates renal growth have prompted us to examine whether LH exercises renotropic effects on the growing kidney following uninephrectomy. Intact (not castrated) male rats were used for sham uninephrectomy to induce surgical stress suppressing plasma LH and testosterone levels. Compared to sham surgery, uninephrectomy caused a transient 240% increase in plasma LH with a transient increase in plasma testosterone (80%) and in prostate weight on day 2. Although pituitary LH content did not change, chromatofocusing of pituitary extract revealed changed distribution patterns among seven LH isoforms, suggesting selective synthesis or secretion of LH isoforms. Castrated rats were then used so that surgical stress did not affect LH. Uninephrectomy caused sustained increases in plasma LH levels (60-110% increase) for up to six days. Three days after uninephrectomy, pituitary LH content increased significantly (30% increase) with a change in chromatofocusing profiles of LH isoforms. Plasma and pituitary FSH levels did not change. In summary, uninephrectomy changed LH isoforms quantitatively and qualitatively. These changes imply a change in gonadotropic and renotropic activities of LH after uninephrectomy.
Evidence for a long-term storage of calcitriol in a patient with 1-alpha hydroxylase deficiency and rickets
Authors: Rungby Jørgen , Mosekilde Leif , Poulsen Jørgen Hjelm 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The ability of the human body to store substantiable amounts of not only inactive vitamin D metabolites but also the bioactive 1,25-hydroxylated metabolite was demonstrated in a patient suffering from renal hydroxylase deficiency.
Extrarenal receptor-effector-mechanisms for aldosterone: The sequence of effects on the cellular electrolyte transport in human lymphocytes and their implications for disorders of the water and electrolyte balances
Authors: Wehling Martin , Theisen Karl 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
High affinity aldosterone binding sites have not only been described in the classic target tissues such as the renal tubules, but also in non-classic target tissues such as the hippocampus, mammary gland, endothelial cells and, recently, human mononuclear leukocytes. An in vitro effect of aldosterone on intracellular sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations and cell volume was shown in human mononuclear leukocytes. In the absence of aldosterone, the intracellular Na+, K+ and Ca2+ concentrations and the cell volume decreased significantly, but remained constant when aldosterone (1.4 nmol/l) was added to the incubation medium. These effects of aldosterone were blocked by the aldosterone antagonist canrenone (140 nmol/l). The sodium/proton exchanger of the cell membrane could be identified as the primary target of the aldosterone action, possibly non-genomically mediated through membrane receptors. The clinical significance of this model was underlined by the demonstration of absent or a decreased number of mineralocorticoid receptors and the lack of electrolyte response to aldosterone in human mononuclear leukocytes of patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism and aldosteronism. Additionally, an abnormal effector mechanism could be demonstrated in human mononuclear leukocytes from essential hypertensives. These studies are the first to demonstrate the significance of extrarenal, nonepithelial mineralocorticoid receptors and the related effector mechanism in different disorders of the water and electrolyte balance in man.
Influence of danazol and goserelin on insulin and glucagon in non-obese women with endometriosis
Authors: Golland I. M. , Vaughan-Williams C. A. , Shalet S. M. , Laing I. , Elstein M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
To investigate the effects of medical treatment of endometriosis on concentrations of insulin and glucagon in comparison with those of androgens, 12 nonobese women with minimal endometriosis were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either danazol or the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, goserelin. In subjects treated with danazol, mean (sd) summed serum insulin (1.08 (0.22) nmol/l pretreatment; 3.00 (1.50) nmol/l after treatment, p<0.05) and summed plasma glucagon (94 (21) pmol/l pretreatment; 238 (113) pmol/l after treatment, p<0.05) responses to oral glucose administration increased significantly, but remained unchanged in subjects treated with goserelin. In the danazol-treated group, the mean free testosterone index increased from 3.3 (1.6) to 13.3 (4.2) (p<0.01), but there was no correlation between either glucagon or insulin and free testosterone index. In the goserelin-treated subjects, however, there was no change in mean free testosterone indices (pretreatment 3.6 (1.0), post-treatment 3.9 (1.8). Thus, the increase in free testosterone index induced by danazol treatment is not responsible for the concomitant development of hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglucagonaemia.
Depression of calcium pump activity in renal cortex of vitamin D-deficient rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke , Tamura Teiichi , Saitoh Michiyo , Takita Yumiko , Nakano Toshiaki 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
To examine the hormonal regulation of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump in the kidneys, the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by the basolateral membrane vesicles in the renal cortex was measured using radioactive calcium (45Ca2+) in rats with vitamin D deficiency or rats undergoing thyroparathyroidectomy. The Vmax of the Ca2+ pump activity was increased not only by administering calcitriol, but also by normalizing the serum calcium level in vitamin D-deficient rats. PTH suppressed the Ca2+ pump activity in normocalcemic vitamin D-deficient rats. Thyroparathyroidectomy did not affect the Ca2+ pump activity in the kidneys of normal rats. It was concluded that the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump activity was depressed by secondary hyperparathyroidism in vitamin D-deficient rats.
Thyroid hormone excess stimulates the synthesis of proteoglycan in human skin fibroblasts in culture
Authors: Shishiba Yoshimasa , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Yokoi Noriko , Ozawa Yasunori , Shimizu Taeko 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that proteoglycan accumulated in the affected skin of circumscribed pretibial myxedema of Graves' disease. As an underlying mechanism responsible for the accumulation, we sought to determine whether excess thyroid hormone was partially responsible for the increase in proteoglycan synthesis. Human skin fibroblasts were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium containing 1% Nutridoma with graded doses of T3 (0.184 × 10−9 to 46 × 10−9 mol/l) and were labelled with [35S]sulphate and [3H]glucosamine. Proteoglycans were purified by Sephadex G-50, Q-Sepharose chromatography with NaCl-gradient and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. 35S and 3H incorporated into dermatan sulphate proteoglycan and heparan sulphate proteoglycan and 3H incorporated into hyaluronan were measured. 35S and 3H incorporation into dermatan sulphate proteoglycan was minimum at a T3 concentration of 0.184 × 10−9 mol/l, and increased with increasing doses of T3 up to 46 × 10−9 mol/l. 35S and 3H incorporation into heparan sulphate proteoglycan also increased with increasingdoses of T3. 3H incorporation into hyaluronan was not influenced at all by T3. The increased incorporation of 35S into proteoglycan in high-T3 culture reflects the increased synthesis of proteoglycan because 1. the extent of sulphation of disaccharides examined by thin-layer chromatography was not altered by T3; 2. the specific activity of [35S]sulphate was not influenced by T3, and 3. T3 did not decrease the degradation rate of cell-associated proteoglycan.
Hepatic drug metabolism is increased in poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Goldstein Steven , Simpson Anna , Saenger Paul 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
In addition to increased glycosylation of hemoglobin, abnormalities of other heme proteins such as cytochrome P-450 might also occur in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Antipyrine is a useful marker drug for cytochrome P-450 dependent hepatic drug metabolism. Antipyrine kinetics and urinary excretion of antipyrine metabolites were measured in 14 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in poor metabolic control. Improvement in diabetic control in 9 patients, as measured by more normal HbA1 values, led to normalization of plasma antipyrine half-time (t½) and metabolism: the mean antipyrine t½ slowed from 4.7±0.2 (sem) initially to 7.8±0.3 h in these 9 patients and was thus nearly identical to that of normal subjects 8.6±1.0. Antipyrine plasma clearance improved in the 9 diabetic patients whose diabetic control improved. The apparent volume of distribution was normal on both occasions in the diabetic patients. These findings provide a new argument for tight metabolic control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Correlation between amniotic levels of α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin in late gestation and labour in normal and complicated pregnancies
Authors: Mauri Alessandro , Serri Francesco , Caminiti Francesco , Mancuso Salvatore , Fratta Walter , Gessa Gian Luigi , Argiolas Antonio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples of amniotic fluid collected from the 32nd to the 38th gestational week and at labour from normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by gestosis. In normal pregnancies, the concentration of α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin remained relatively constant during the last 7 gestational weeks, but increased at labour above the values of the 38th week by 88, 143 and 96%, respectively. A positive correlation between β-endorphin and α-MSH (r=0.92) or ACTH (r=0.76) levels was found when labour values were considered in the regression analysis. In contrast, when labour values were excluded, only a poor positive correlation between β-endorphin and α-MSH (r=0.52) was found. In complicated pregnancies, α-MSH and ACTH concentrations were similar to those found in normal pregnancies; on the other hand, the level of β-endorphin, was found to be 130% higher than normal. As in normal pregnancies, α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin levels increased at labour, but only by 46, 44 and 23%, respectively. In contrast to in normal pregnancies, the correlation between β-endorphin and α-MSH or ACTH was not significantly modified by labour values. The present results confirm and extend previous studies showing that β-endorphin may be considered a marker of fetal distress and that the fetal pituitary is capable of reacting to stressful stimuli in normal and suffering fetuses.
Effects of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 on pancreatic hormone release in normal conscious dogs
Authors: Kawai Koichi , Suzuki Seiji , Ohashi Shinichi , Mukai Hidehito , Murayma Yasuko , Yamashita Kamejiro 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effects of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on insulin and glucagon release were examined in unanesthetized normal dogs. A bolus injection of GLP-1 (7-36)amide elicited a transient increase in the plasma insulin level, which brought about a decrease in the plasma glucose level. The degree of increase in plasma insulin levels with GLP-1 (7-35)OH or GLP-1 (7-37)OH was less than that induced by GLP-1 (7-36)amide. The plasma glucagon level did not increase in spite of mild hypoglycemia. The infusion of graded doses of GLP-1 (7-36)amide (6, 36, 120 ng · kg−1 · min−1 every 30 min) did not change the plasma glucose, insulin or glucagon levels significantly. The degree of increase in the plasma glucose level induced by iv glucose infusion (12 mg · kg−1 · min−1) was reduced by coinfusion of GLP-1(7-36)amide (6 ng · kg−1 · min−1), although the degree of increase in the plasma insulin level was the same as that in a control experiment (coinfusion of the vehicle). Coinfusion of GLP-1 (7-36)amide (60 ng · kg−1 · min−1) caused an augmented increase in the plasma insulin level and a reduced increase in the plasma glucose level during iv glucose infusion (17 mg · kg−1 · min−1) compared with the control experiment. The degree of decrease in the plasma glucagon level during iv glucose infusion was not affected by the coinfusion. The degree of increase in the plasma glucagon level induced by insulin hypoglycemia and the profile of the plasma glucose level at that time were not affected by the infusion of GLP-1 (7-36)amide. These results demonstrate that 1. the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 (7-36)amide is higher than that of GLP-1(7-37)OH or GLP-1(7-35)OH; 2. GLP-1 (7-36)amide suppresses the degree of increase in plasma glucose level during iv glucose infusion by augmented insulin release, and 3. the glucagonostatic activity of truncated GLP-1 is negligible under physiological conditions.
The thyroid hormone analogue SKF-94901 and iodothyronine binding sites in mammalian tissues: Differences in cytoplasmic binding between liver and heart
Authors: Barlow John W. , Raggatt Lorna E. , Lim Chen-Fee , Kolliniatis Emily , Topliss Duncan J. , Stockigt Jan R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The thyroid hormone analogue, SKF-94901 exhibits greater thyromimetic activity in the liver than in the heart. This difference in activity may reflect heterogeneity in the affinity of SKF-94901 for different forms of the T3 receptor. A difference in extranuclear transport of the analogue could also account for the different response of these two tissues. To distinguish between these possibilities we have examined the binding of SKF-94901 to membrane, cytosolic and nuclear preparations from liver and heart of the primate, Macaca fascicularis. Uptake of SKF-94901 into H4 liver cells was low. Binding of [125I]T3 to cell membrane preparations (Kd ≈3 μmol/l), and to nuclear extracts (Kd ≈0.2 nmol/l was displaceable by SKF-94901 with a potency 2-5% that of T3 in each case. No significant difference was observed between liver and heart for SKF-94901 binding to membranes or nuclear extract. With cytosol, [125I]T3 binding was identical in heart (Kd, 22.7±10.4 nmol/l) and liver tissue (Kd, 30.3±11.1 nmol/l). In liver, and in cardiac cytosol after preliminary washing to remove serum, iodothyronine potency was in the order T3 > T4 > rT3. The ratio of SKF-94901 to T3 concentrations which gave 50% displacement was 15.9±6.8 in the liver; and 152.3±89.1 in the heart (p<0.05). The selective tissue activity of SKF-94901 may be related to a reduced affinity of the analogue for the cytosolic binding proteins in the heart, rather than a difference in affinity for various forms of the T3 receptor.
The effect of sex hormones on bone resorption by rat osteoclasts
Authors: Tobias J. H. , Chambers T. J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Although sex hormones are important in the attainment and maintenance of bone mass, the mechanism by which they exert their effect is unknown. We therefore tested the effects of estradiol-17β, dihydrotestosterone, and progesterone on osteoclasts, the cells that resorb bone. Osteoclasts were disaggregated from neonatal rat long bones, and incubated with or without the addition of osteoblastic cells or osteoblast-like cell lines. Bone resorption was assessed by scanning electron microscopy as the extent of excavation of the bone surface after incubation. We found dihydrotestosterone (1-100 nmol/l) and progesterone (10-1000 nmol/l) to have no significant effect on bone resorption. By contrast, E2 (1 nmol/l) reduced bone resorption in osteoclast cultures to which osteoblasts had been added, by approximately 25%, although consistent inhibition with other concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 10 nmol/l) was not observed. To our surprise, E2 was also associated with a delayed, dose-responsive, stimulation of bone resorption, in the range 0.1-10 nmol/l, in osteoclast cultures free from added osteoblastic cells. Tamoxifen, which itself had no effect on bone resorption, appeared to antagonise these E2 effects. Although the physiological significance of the stimulatory effect is unclear, we hypothesize that its presence prevented us, and previous workers, from observing doseresponsive inhibition of bone resorption by E2 in vitro.
Acupuncture in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. A blinded randomized study
Authors: á Rogvi-Hansen B. , Perrild H. , Christensen T. , Detmar S. E. , Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. E. M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Seventeen patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, all euthyroid for at least one year, were included in a blinded trial to test the effect of acupuncture twice a week during two months on the eye disease, assessed by an ophthalmologist and computed tomography of the eye muscle volume. No significant change was found in eye muscle volume, Hertel measure, palpebral aperture, intraocular pressure, Hess chart, nor was there any statistically significant improvement of the irritative conjunctival symptoms.
Sensitivity of thyrotropin secretion to TSH-releasing hormone in food-restricted rats
Authors: Rodriguez Felipe , Mellado Mario , Montoya Eladio , Jolin Trinidad 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The aim of the present study was to identify the mechanisms involved in the reduction of TSH secretion during prolonged food restriction. The basal TSH secretion rate, the TSH secreted in response to TRH, both in vivo and in vitro, and the TSH, nuclear T3, and plasma membrane TRH binding sites in the pituitary were determined in rats receiving 75% (FR75), 50% (FR50) and 25% (FR25) of the food consumed by the ad libitum fed rats (controls). The basal TSH secretion rate (μg·h−1g·(100 g)−1) in FR75, FR50 and FR25 groups were decreased by 19, 42 and 74% of control values, respectively, whereas the TSH secreted in response to TRH in vivo and in vitro was reduced by 21 and 13% in FR50, and 55 and 44% in FR25, respectively, of the corresponding control values. Food restriction increased the TRH binding sites from 229 in controls to 322, 479 and 521 (fmol/mg protein), in FR75, FR50 and FR25 groups, respectively, whereas the opposite was seen in nuclear T3(controls 862, FR75 841, FR50 342 FR25 233 fmol/mg DNA). Moreover, a decrease in the pituitary TSH concentration was observed in FR50 and FR25 rats. The data suggest that an alteration in the amount of TRH reaching the pituitary gland is probably the main responsible for the low plasma TSH values during food restriction. However, an inhibitory effect at the pituitary level cannot be ruled out.