bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rehabilitation Tasks on Organization of Movement After Stroke
Authors: Trombly Catherine A. , Wu Ching-Yi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of presence or absence of an object (goal-directed action vs. rote exercise) and the effect of functional specificity of the object on the organization of reaching movements of persons who have had a stroke.
Method. A repeated-measure counterbalanced design was used in each of two experiments. Eighteen persons who had been hospitalized after stroke were recruited from the roster of a rehabilitation hospital and through stroke clubs and volunteered to participate. Fourteen of these became the data-producing sample. In Experiment 1, the OPTOTRAK/3020 motion analysis system was used to record movement when the participants reached for preferred food (goal-directed action) or to a spatial location (rote exercise). In Experiment 2, the system recorded movement when participants reached to pick up the receiver of an active telephone (natural context), a detached receiver (partial context), and a stick (simulated context). The organization of the reach movement was described kinematically as the number of zero crossings of the acceleration profile (smoothness), movement time (speed), displacement, peak velocity (an indication of force), and location of peak velocity in the velocity profile (planning strategy).
Results. Goal-directed action produced significantly smoother, faster, more forceful, and more preplanned movement than did the rote exercise condition. Functional specificity of the context did not significantly affect organization of the reach.
Conclusion. Goal-directed reach enabled persons with stroke to display characteristics typical of reach to a target by persons who have not had a stroke better than reaching out in space. These findings support the occupational therapy practice of using objects in a functional context to improve coordinated movement. However, the nature of the objects to be used requires further study.
Making a Clinical Climate in the Classroom: An Assessment
Authors: Babola Karen A. , Peloquin Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. This article describes occupational therapy student evaluations of a senior-level undergraduate course titled Advanced Concepts in Occupational Therapy.
Method. Forty undergraduate occupational therapy students from the Class of 1997 and 38 from the Class of 1998 completed five sources of feedback after completing the course, including a questionnaire about the nine educational strategies used in this course, instructor evaluations, and self-ratings on (a) the achievement of course objectives, (b) professional behaviors, and (c) the extent to which the course prepared them for and related to fieldwork. Individual student grades for both classes were also reviewed to supplement students’ views of the course.
Results. Students responded positively to the demands of the course and indicated that it had helped them develop the performances, judgments, and attitudes required for clinical practice. Individual student grades supported the students’ perceptions that they had mastered the targeted skills.
Conclusions. Findings suggest that the performances, judgments, and attitudes required in the clinic can be successfully simulated in the classroom through the use of interactive strategies and activities. The introduction of these strategies and activities in the occupational therapy curriculum should help better prepare students to handle the multifaceted demands of current clinical practice.
Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Egan Mary , Vallerand Josée , von Zweck Claudia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists are increasingly urged to carry out evidenced-based practice; however, little is known regarding their present practice and perceptions of evidence-based practice. To explore this phenomenon, a qualitative study was completed using a grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight occupational therapists who worked in diverse practice settings. Participants were asked to reflect on their own views of evidence-based practice and their use of evidence in therapy. Data were analyzed inductively using constant comparison analysis. Participants’ perceptions of evidence-based practice were described in three broad categories. To these occupational therapists, evidence-based practice is: (a) a process of looking for understanding; (b) associated with research, and; (c) a potential threat to the occupational therapist. These findings produce a basis from which recommendations are made to increase the use of evidence-based practice by occupational therapists.
Defining Lives: Occupation as Identity: An Essay on Competence, Coherence, and the Creation of Meaning
Authors: Christiansen Charles H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents a view of occupation as the principal means through which people develop and express their personal identities. Based on a review of theory and research, it proposes that identity is instrumental to social life because it provides a context for deriving meaning from daily experiences and interpreting lives over time. The article proposes that identity also provides a framework for goal-setting and motivation. It is asserted that competence in the performance of tasks and occupations contributes to identity-shaping and that the realization of an acceptable identity contributes to coherence and well-being.
Within this framework, it is postulated that performance limitations and disfigurement that sometimes result from illness or injury have identity implications that should be recognized by occupational therapy practitioners. By virtue of their expertise in daily living skills, occupational therapy practitioners are well positioned to help address the identity challenges of those whom they serve. In so doing, they make an important contribution to meaning and well-being.
Temperature‐Memory Effect of Copolyesterurethanes and their Application Potential in Minimally Invasive Medical Technologies
Authors: Kratz Karl , Voigt Ulrike , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery often requires devices that can change their geometry or shape when placed inside the body. Here, the potential of thermoplastic temperature‐memory polymers (TMP) for the design of intelligent devices, which can be programmed by the clinician to individually adapt their shifting geometry and their response temperature Tsw to the patient's needs, is explored. Poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) as hard segments and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) segments acting as crystallizable controlling units for the temperature‐memory effect (TME) are chosen to form multiblock copolymers PDLCL. These components are selected according to their thermal properties and their good biocompatibility. Response temperatures obtained under stress‐free and constant strain recovery can be systematically adjusted by variation of the deformation temperature in a temperature range from 32 °C to 65 °C, which is the relevant temperature range for medical applications. The working principle of TMP based instruments for minimally invasive surgical procedures is successfully demonstrated using three temperature‐memory catheter concepts: individually programmable TM‐catheter, an in‐situ programmable TM‐catheter, and an intelligent drainage catheter for gastroenterology.
Palladium Nanoparticles on Thermoresponsive Hydrogels and their Application as Recyclable Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction Catalysts in Water
Authors: Hong Myeng Chan , Choi Myung Chan , Chang Young Wook , Lee Yongwoo , Kim Jongsik , Rhee Hakjune 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles were immobilized on PNIPAM:4‐VP hydrogels. The resultant püalladium catalysts showed high activities for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions in water. The recyclability of the catalysts was improved by using 4‐VP as a co‐monomer in the hydrogels due to reduced Pd leaching during the reactions.
Preparation of inorganic–organic hybrid proton exchange membrane with chemically bound hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid
Authors: Shen Chunhui , Guo Zhihan , Chen Cheng , Gao Shanjun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProton‐conductive inorganic–organic hybrid intermediate‐temperature membranes were prepared from 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDPA) by sol–gel process. To prevent the leaching out of phosphonic acid, triethylamine was used as catalyst to promote the reaction of HEDPA and GPTMS to immobilize phosphonic acid groups. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that phosphonic acid groups of HEDPA were chemically bounded to organosiloxane network as a result of the reaction of POH of HEDPA and epoxy ring of GPTMS. TG‐DSC results indicated that the hybrid membranes were thermally stable up to 250°C. The proton conductivity of the hybrid membranes increased with temperature from 30 to 130°C. The proton conductivity of hybrid membrane with the molar ratio of GPTMS/HEDPA = 2/1 can reach up to 1.0 × 10−3 S/cm under anhydrous condition at 130°C, which reveals that this membrane is a promising proton exchange membrane for intermediate‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Assessment of hindered phenol antioxidants on processing stability of peroxide‐cure LDPE by rheology and DSC analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Yang Hongmei , Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInfluence of commercial phenol antioxidants Irganox 300, 1010, 1035, and 1076 on peroxide‐cure reaction of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was evaluated through isothermal dynamic rheological and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing. The results indicated that phenol antioxidants could reduce storage modulus of LDPE completely crosslinked at 175°C while they have a neglectable effect on gel fracture and activity energy of crosslinking reaction. On the other hand, time sweep dynamic rheological test revealed the antioxidants 1035 and 1076 with low molecular weight and low melting point could significantly depress scorch of crosslinkable LDPE at 135°C. The isothermal time sweep dynamic rheology test method was more sensitive than nonisothermal DSC test for characterizing the influence of phenol antioxidants on crosslinking kinetics of peroxide‐cure reaction of LDPE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Insights into the Buried Archaeological Remains at the Duomo of Lecce (Italy) Using Ground‐penetrating Radar Surveys
Authors: Cataldo R. , D'Agostino D. , Leucci G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe town of Lecce located in the southern part of the Apulia region of Italy, contains the remains of an ancient settlement in the city centre. One of the most important buildings in the town is the Duomo and its crypt. The crypt is found beneath the Duomo and was used as a burial place from the first century ad until the nineteenth century. The area around the crypt is highly urbanized today, but was the locus of social and political life over the centuries for people of different cultures who inhabited the area, starting from the eighth century bc. Therefore this area contains stratigraphically complex layers of buildings and other remains, which can help us understand the usage of this area of the town over many centuries. A ground‐penetrating radar survey was performed at the crypt, the data of which were visualized in three‐dimensions using a standard amplitude slice technique as well the construction of isosurface images of amplitudes. These images reveal the position of architectural features whose shape, size and burial depth suggest they are Roman and earlier in age. The features mapped are superimposed tombs, which indicates that this area was used for the same purpose over many centuries and demonstrates a long continuity of similar burial practices at this sacred place. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Alzheimer's root cause: ECSIT as an integrating hub between oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Soler‐López Montserrat , Badiola Nahuai , Zanzoni Andreas , Aloy Patrick 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHere we postulate that the adapter protein evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in Toll pathway (ECSIT) might act as a molecular sensor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the analysis of our AD‐associated protein interaction network, ECSIT emerges as an integrating signalling hub that ascertains cell homeostasis by the specific activation of protective molecular mechanisms in response to signals of amyloid‐beta or oxidative damage. This converges into a complex cascade of patho‐physiological processes. A failure to repair would generate severe mitochondrial damage and ultimately activate pro‐apoptotic mechanisms, promoting synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Further support for our hypothesis is provided by increasing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the disease etiology. Our model integrates seemingly controversial hypotheses for familial and sporadic forms of AD and envisions ECSIT as a biomarker to guide future therapies to halt or prevent AD.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays Binding of amyloid peptides to domain‐swapped dimers of other amyloid‐forming protein may prevent their neurotoxicity AbstractPlease, also watch the Video Abstract
NAIPs: Building an innate immune barrier against bacterial pathogens
Authors: Kofoed Eric M. , Vance Russell E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe innate immune system of mammals encodes several families of immune detector proteins that monitor the cytosol for signs of pathogen invasion. One important but poorly understood family of cytosolic immunosurveillance proteins is the NLR (nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine‐rich repeat containing) proteins. Recent work has demonstrated that one subfamily of NLRs, the NAIPs (NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory proteins), are activated by specific interaction with bacterial ligands, such as flagellin. NAIP activation leads to assembly of a large multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, which initiates innate immune responses by activation of the Caspase‐1 protease. NAIPs therefore appear to detect pathogen molecules via a simple and direct receptor‐ligand mechanism. Interestingly, other NLR family members appear to detect pathogens indirectly, perhaps by responding to host cell “stress” caused by the pathogen. Thus, the NLR family may have evolved surprisingly diverse mechanisms for detecting pathogens.
Randomized clinical trial of glutamine-supplementedversusstandard parenteral nutrition in infants with surgical gastrointestinal disease
Authors:   SIGN Trial Group, Ong E G P , Eaton S , Wade A M , Horn V , Losty P D , Curry J I , Sugarman I D , Klein N J , Pierro A 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundAddition of glutamine to parenteral nutrition in surgical infants remains controversial. The aim of this trial was to determine whether glutamine supplementation of parenteral nutrition in infants requiring surgery would reduce the time to full enteral feeding and/or decrease the incidence of sepsis and septicaemia.MethodsA prospective double-blind multicentre randomized clinical trial was performed in surgical infants less than 3 months old who required parenteral nutrition. Patients were allocated to treatment or control groups by means of minimization. Infants received either 0·6 g per kg per day alanyl-glutamine (treatment group) or isonitrogenous isocaloric parenteral nutrition (control group) until full enteral feeding was achieved. Primary outcomes were time to full enteral feeding and incidence of sepsis. Cox regression analysis was used to compare time to full enteral feeding, and to calculate risk of sepsis/septicaemia.ResultsA total of 174 patients were randomized, of whom 164 completed the trial and were analysed (82 in each group). There was no difference in time to full enteral feeding or time to first enteral feeding between groups, and supplementation with glutamine had no effect on the overall incidence of sepsis or septicaemia. However, during total parenteral nutrition (before the first enteral feed), glutamine administration was associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing sepsis (hazard ratio 0·33, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·15 to 0·72; P = 0·005).ConclusionGlutamine supplementation during parenteral nutrition did not reduce the incidence of sepsis in surgical infants with gastrointestinal disease. Registration number: ISRCTN83168963 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Beyond the score: Music visualization and digital humanities
Authors: Lam Margaret 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryAmong the humanities, music is especially powerful for reflecting time and place and evoking personal experiences and memories. Yet music research in the digital humanities has attended little to socio‐cultural context, tradition, history and performance knowledge, instead focusing on the musical score and technical elements. To have an impact on music scholarship, digital research in the music domain must be considered more broadly. An example is the work of Alexander Chan, whose cutting edge music research may be appreciated as interactive installations but gets little recognition within digital humanities. Music research has fallen short in its use of digital technology to understand theory, composition, musicology and the preservation and transmission of music knowledge. Despite music's evocative power, its conceptual scope in digital research is narrow.
Invoking the Authority of Feelings as a Strategic Maneuver in Family Mealtime Conversations
Authors: Bova Antonio , Arcidiacono Francesco 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper is centred on family conversations and focuses on the conditions that allow a specific strategic maneuver, the invocation of the authority, to be an effective argumentative strategy when used by parents to convince their children to accept rules and prescriptions. Within a corpus of argumentative sequences selected from 30 video‐recordings of family mealtime conversations, an argumentative sequence between parents and children, which brings to light the results obtained through the qualitative analysis of a corpus of 60 argumentative sequences, is presented and discussed. The analysis relies on a communicative‐argumentative methodology based on the extended pragma‐dialectical theory and on the Argumentum Model of Topics to identify the participants' moves and to analyze the inferential configuration of arguments, respectively. The findings of the analysis show that the invocation of the authority by parents represents an argumentative strategy that is effective when two conditions are met: (i) the nature of the relationship between the person who represents the authority and the person to whom the argument is addressed is based on the certainty of positive feelings, rather than on the fear of punishment, and (ii) the reasons the prohibition is based on are not to be hidden from the child's eyes, but are to be shared by family members. The analysis has thus brought out a specific type of invocation of authority that we have defined asthe authority of feelings. The results of this study contribute to research on family argumentation and on the interactional dynamics between parents and children. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Ethyl Cyanoformate over a Niobia‐Supported Iron‐Exchanged Molybdophosphoric Acid Catalyst
Authors: Rao Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara , Haribabu Bathula , Prasad Potharaju S. Sai , Lingaiah Nakka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines by using the less‐toxic ethyl cyanoformate as the cyanating agent was achieved over heterogeneous iron‐exchanged molybdophosphoric acid (FeMPA) supported on a niobia catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst not only showed exceptional activity with variety of tertiary amines but also exhibited consistent activity upon reuse.
Promotion of PdCu/C Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Solution by SnO2 Modifier
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Wen , Kang Wei‐Da , Wei Yu‐Chen , Liu Chen‐Wei , Su Pai‐Cheng , Chen Hung‐Shuo , Chung Shu‐Ru 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe development of high performance PdCu/C catalysts through manipulation of reduction temperatures and addition of SnO2 promoter has been elucidated systematically in order to enhance ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) performance. The structure, morphology, surface species, and electroactivity of the PdCu/C and SnO2‐modified PdCu/C catalysts are characterized by use of X‐ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. For the PdCu/C catalysts, the ratio of the forward anodic peak current density to that of the reverse, that is, the If/Ib ratio, the degree of alloying (Dalloy), grain size, and EOR performance increases as the reduction temperature increases to 570 K. However, severe sintering at 670 K deteriorates EOR performance. Therefore, 570 K is a suitable reduction temperature for the preparation of PdCu/C catalysts with fine alloy structure, small crystal size, good Dalloy, good anti‐poisoning ability, and excellent EOR performance. For the SnO2 modified PdCu/C catalysts, addition of 20 wt % Sn may cause a large amount of SnO2 to form on the surface and block the active site of the catalysts, thus decreasing EOR performance. However, addition of 10 wt % Sn promotes stability in EOR performance, attributable to the significant amount of PdSn phase in the bulk and SnO2 species on the surface, which enhance the CO oxidation ability and electrochemical surface area. Consequently, based on the chronoamperometric measurements after 1 hr, the EOR activity of PdCu/C catalysts with 10 wt % SnO2 modification is enhanced by approximately 230 % compared with the as‐reduced sample.
Dopamine‐Modified Trititanate Nanotubes with UV‐ and Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity: Coordinative Self‐Assembly into a Recyclable Absorber
Authors: Dawson Graham , Liu Jinghai , Lu Luhua , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe search for a simple method to bestow trititanate nanotubes with visible‐light activity for applications as solar‐driven photocatalysts remains a challenging task. Here, we report that self‐assembled surface modification by dopamine imparted trititanate nanotubes (TiNT) with stable, recyclable photocatalytic activity under UV and visible‐light illumination. The controlled surface modification shifted the absorption onset into the visible region. These dopamine‐modified trititanate nanotubes are expected to have applications in water treatment and in pollutant degradation.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of 3‐Silyloxy‐1,5‐enynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophenes, Dibenzothiophenes, Dibenzofurans, and Indole Derivatives
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Yang Weibo , Rominger Frank 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWith the IPr ligand (IPr=1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) on gold(I) excellent yields in the benzanellation of 2‐substituted thiophenes, benzothiophenes, pyrroles, benzofurans, and indoles were achieved. The 1‐siloxybut‐3‐ynyl side chains, incorporated in the anellation, are easily accessible by the addition of a propargyl metal reagent to a formyl group and silylation of the alcohol. This conveniently allows an anellation at the position of the formyl group under mild conditions. All reactions involve a 2,3‐shift of the side chain in the anellation step and thus, provide an easy access to specific substitution patterns. Only in the case of 2‐substituted indoles with their highly nucleophilic 3‐position a direct hydroarylation without shift is observed. On the other hand, 3‐substituted indoles give the same products as 2‐substituted indoles. Then, a 3,2‐shift in the indole ring system has to be involved.