bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effort to be neutral
Authors: Gaultier Benoit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMy aim in this article is to elucidate the nature of a form of intellectual and practical neutrality that is not covered by existing accounts of suspension of judgment. After rejecting some inadequate characterizations of this attitude of neutrality, I provide a positive characterization of it: it is a successful effort to resist certain tendencies that are part of the dispositional profile of the doxastic state one is in on a given issue. I conclude by saying a few words about the reasons for which this effort can be made, and by answering in the negative the question of whether all the attitudes that can be characterized as attitudes of committed neutrality are of the same type.
Towards Social Europe? Obstacles and opportunities in the multi‐level governance of welfare states
Authors: Eick Gianna Maria , Im Zhen Jie , Leschke Janine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial Europe, or the social dimension of the European Union (EU), has been receiving increasing attention in academic debates. This special issue introduction discusses Social Europe through the analytical framework of multi‐level governance while asking, perhaps controversially, whether Social Europe has the potential to become a fully‐fledged welfare state. This introduction also summarises the articles included in this special issue which focus on different governance levels, including EU institutions, member states, national parties, economic sectors, workers and the general public. On this basis, the introduction identifies sources of challenges and opportunities for Social Europe from various levels of governance. We conclude that the needs and demands become more diverse when we move from European institutions to the citizens. Notably, obstacles from one governance level often carry over to another governance level. Consequently, it becomes much more difficult to design welfare policies on the EU level that work for everyone. While a more evolved EU‐level welfare state may be possible in the future, substantial obstacles make it difficult to achieve in the short run. Hence, future research should examine the multi‐level structure of Social Europe in more detail to better grasp what Social Europe can and cannot deliver and why. Such research is not only relevant in the European Union but also in other multi‐level governance systems across the world.
Atypical granulation in neutrophils of a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Cagle Laura A. , Casal Margret , Agnew Dalen , Skinner Stephanie , Lanier Christopher J. , Harvey John W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old male domestic short‐hair cat presented for evaluation of labored breathing, hyporexia, and lethargy. Pertinent initial diagnostics yielded leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia and monocytosis. Numerous small, round, magenta granules were observed within all neutrophils in Wright‐Giemsa‐stained blood films on the day of presentation and the day thereafter. No other neutrophil morphologic abnormalities were present, making cytoplasmic toxicity highly unlikely. Hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed based on the lack of suppression in a low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test, and without other diagnostics, the cat was discharged on trilostane therapy. Neutrophil granules did not stain with Alcian blue pH 1.0, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS), PAS and Alcian blue pH 2.5, and toluidine blue. Electron microscopy identified no differences in the morphology of the secretory granules or other neutrophil features. Metabolic screening tests of the cat's urine did not identify a genetic metabolic disorder. However, serum α‐ and β ‐hexosaminidase (HexA and HexB) activities were 4.3% and 0% of normal controls, respectively, which is supportive of GM2‐gangliosidosis, that is, Sandhoff disorder. However, the historical, clinical, and electron microscopy findings did not provide evidence to confirm this genetic defect. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case of magenta‐staining granules within neutrophils in a breed other than a Birman, Siamese, or Himalayan.
A New Perspective on Internal Turbine Blade Cooling by Perforated Blockages and Pin-Fins
Authors: Schekman S. W. , Kim T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cooling configuration, sequentially combining perforated blockages (forming blockage jets) and a pin-fin array inside the trailing-edge of a turbine blade has been perceived unsuitable due to the presumed inferior thermal performance (η &lt; 1.0). In the present study, we provide a new perspective on this particular cooling configuration, based on fluidic mechanisms, newly established in a better representative setup for blockage jets aligned with pin-fins, accounting for relevant heat transfer surfaces. To this end, heat transfer on the blockage, pin-fin, and end-wall surfaces was measured at a selected Reynolds number of ReD = 26,000 using a thermochromic liquid crystal technique. Flow field mapping by particle image velocimetry and oil–dye flow visualization were supplementally performed. We demonstrate, contrary to previous studies that the thermal performance of the blockage pin-fin configuration can be e.g., η = 1.1 if the blockages and pin-fins are arranged to maximize both elements' thermofluidic advantages. Our data further suggest that unlike conventional pin-fin configurations subjected to uniform coolant stream, the blockage pin-fin configuration can offer a better performance with fewer pin-fin rows used.
Stall Warning and Adaptive Control Subjected to Rotating Inlet Distortion in Axial Flow Compressor
Authors: Li Jichao , Liu Yang , Peng Feng , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Adaptive stability control is experimentally implemented in a single-stage axial flow compressor subjected to rotating inlet distortion. Stall margin variations are examined as a function of the distorted area and rotational speed. A critical minimum value is identified when the distorted sector rotates at 0.5 times the rotor speed (P0.5RS), which remains independent of the size of the distorted area and induced frequency. Unsteady pressure measurements indicate that with the rotating inlet distortion at P0.5RS, the circumferentially propagating speed of the stall cell-induced downstream of the distorted region closely matches the rotational speed of the distorted sector, which causes the stall cell to undergo repeated cycles of generation, circumferential propagation, decay, and re-generation, ultimately leading to premature deep stall as the disturbance energy accumulates. In addition, tip air injection can suppress the repeated periodic disturbance energy accumulation, thereby delaying stall. Based on successful verification of the early stall warning under rotating inlet distortion through cross-correlation analysis, an adaptive stability control strategy is devised to sense the stall warning signal in real time and feed back the signal to control the injected valve once the alarm line is triggering. Even under the rotating distorted inflow at P0.5RS, the stall margin can be improved online by more than 10% while reducing the injected energy by 80% compared with that corresponding to steady injection. It provides insights for mitigating the adverse effects of rotating distortion on the compressor performance in multispool aero-engines.
Thermal Performance of a Pump-Assisted Capillary Loop Cooler
Authors: Lohan Danny J. , Sarma Bhaskarjyoti , Joshi Shailesh N. , Dede Ercan M. , Soto Anali , Sudhakar Srivathsan , Weibel Justin A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The heat transfer and hydraulic performance of a flat evaporator, pump-assisted capillary loop cooler is evaluated for a 1cm2 heat source. The cooler consists of a copper manifold that houses a compensation chamber that feeds liquid to a sintered, flat evaporator wick below via a micro-tube array. Liquid evaporates from the copper wick as it is attached to the heater through a copper base plate. The custom cooler design offers separate flow routes for liquid and vapor phases during steady operation and thereby maintaining the pressure balance of the flow loop. The cooler performance is evaluated using de-ionized water as the coolant with an inlet volumetric flowrate of 322ml/min. The cooler achieves a steady convective heat transfer coefficient of &gt;95kW/m2K with &lt;2kPa pressure drop, tested up to a maximum heater temperature of 175 °C. An electronic valve installed on the cooler outlet controls the compensation chamber pressure and extends peak heat transfer performance. This control scheme has been experimentally verified to extend the range of peak heat transfer from [356,&gt;537] to [356,&gt;610]W/cm2 within the same temperature range. Such a cooler shows promise for systems of variable thermal load where system pressure is a key consideration.
Resonance Enhancement of the Faraday Effect in a Magnetoplasmonic Composite
Authors: Tomilin S. V. , Karavaynikov A. V. , Lyashko S. D. , Milyukova E. T. , Tomilina O. A. , Berzhansky V. N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect in a magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, caused by localized plasmon resonance (LPR) in metal nanoparticles. The nanocomposite comprises a three-layer structure of self-assembled gold nanoparticles in a bismuth-substituted iron-garnet matrix. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect is determined by the action of a magnetic field on the magnetoplasmonic composite as an effective medium as a whole. In this case, in the magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, the Faraday effect is enhanced at the LPR wavelengths and is slightly weakened in the region of short wavelengths relative to the LPR. It is theoretically shown that the complex gyration index in the off-diagonal terms of the effective permittivity tensor for the magnetoplasmonic composite, in addition to rotation of the polarization plane, leads to the appearance of alternating ellipticity in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance, which is observed in the form of asymmetry of magneto-optical rotation.
Comparison of different definitions of traumatic brain injury: implications for cohort characteristics and survival in women, Philadelphia, USA
Authors: D'Alonzo Bernadette A , Bretzin Abigail C , Schneider Andrea LC , Morse Rebecca B , Canelón Silvia P , Wiebe Douglas J , Boland Mary Regina 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acute injury that is understudied in civilian cohorts, especially among women, as TBI has historically been considered to be largely a condition of athletes and military service people. Both the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Department of Defense (DOD)/Veterans Affairs (VA) have developed case definitions to identify patients with TBI from medical records; however, their definitions differ. We sought to re-examine these definitions to construct an expansive and more inclusive definition among a cohort of women with TBI.MethodsIn this study, we use electronic health records (EHR) from a single healthcare system to study the impact of using different case definitions to identify patients with TBI. Specifically, we identified adult female patients with TBI using the CDC definition, DOD/VA definition and a combined and expanded definition herein called the Penn definition.ResultsWe identified 4446 adult-female TBI patients meeting the CDC definition, 3619 meeting the DOD/VA definition, and together, 6432 meeting our expanded Penn definition that includes the CDC ad DOD/VA definitions.ConclusionsUsing the expanded definition identified almost two times as many patients, enabling investigations to more fully characterise these patients and related outcomes. Our expanded TBI case definition is available to other researchers interested in employing EHRs to investigate TBI.
Investigating South Korean Students’ Risk Perception Related to the Development of Science and Technology
Authors: Park Joonhyeong , Kim Minchul , Kim Jinhee , Na Jiyeon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The rapid progression of science and technology has brought both remarkable conveniences and innovations and potential risks to us. To address these risks within science education, this study aims to identify the tendency of students’ risk perceptions across different technologies. For this purpose, we developed a survey addressing three key components of risk perception (i.e., risk recognition, risk assessment, and risk management) and the educational need for risk education. 311 responses were collected from elementary, middle, and high school students and statically analyzed. The results indicated that students showed various risk perception patterns depending on the technology. There were significant perception gaps between boys and girls regarding vaccines and antimicrobial technology. It was also found that high school students’ perceptions of the benefits of the technologies were higher than elementary and middle school students’ perceptions. Based on these findings, we discuss pedagogical implications for risk education in science classrooms.
Toward the Development of an Impact-Based Decision Support Tool for Surface-Transportation Hazards. Part I: Tying Weather Variables to Road Hazards and Quantifying Impacts
Authors: Tobin Dana M. , Kastman Joshua S. , Nelson James A. , Reeves Heather D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Development of an impact-based decision support forecasting tool for surface-transportation hazards requires consideration for what impacts the product is intended to capture and how to scale forecast information to impacts to then categorize impact severity. In this first part of the series, we discuss the motivation and intent of such a product, in addition to outlining the approach we take to leverage existing and new research to develop the product. Traffic disruptions (e.g., crashes, increased travel times, roadway restrictions, or closures) are the intended impacts, where impact severity levels are intended to scale to reflect the increasing severity of adverse driving conditions that can correlate with a need for enhanced mitigation efforts by motorists and/or transportation agencies (e.g., slowing down, avoiding travel, and imposing roadway restrictions or closures). Previous research on how weather and road conditions impact transportation and novel research herein to create a metric for crash impact based on precipitation type and local hour of the day are both intended to help scale weather forecasts to impacts. Impact severity classifications can ultimately be determined through consideration of any thresholds used by transportation agencies, in conjunction with the scaling metrics.

Significance Statement
Weather can profoundly impact surface transportation and motorist safety. Because of this and because there are no explicit tools available to forecasters to identify and communicate potential impacts to surface transportation, there is a desire for the development of such a forecast product. However, doing so requires careful consideration for what impacts are intended to be included, how weather corresponds to impacts, and how thresholds for impact severity should be defined. In this first part of the paper series, we outline each of these aspects and present novel research and approaches for the development of an impact-based forecast product specifically tailored to surface-transportation hazards. The product is ultimately intended to improve motorist safety and mobility on roads.
Barriers to Mental Health Support in Cyberbullying: A Thematic Analysis of What Mental Health Professionals and Cyber Experts Think
Authors: Ranjith Prabhu James , Vranda Mysore Narasimaha , Kishore M. Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Background: Cyberbullying can be a traumatic experience for adolescents. It can affect their psychosocial functioning, development, and mental well-being in the long term. Though mental health support is needed to help adolescents, parents, and schools, they do not seek appropriate support. Aim: This article describes the viewpoint of mental health and cyber experts on the barriers to seeking mental health support among adolescents, parents, and school administrators and identifies approaches to intervention. Methods: The qualitative research study was conducted in Bengaluru Urban, India. Ten specialists were interviewed, including mental health professionals and cyber experts who work with children and adolescents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Seven major themes emerged from the study as follows: (a) knowledge of cyberbullying, (b) negative impact of cyberbullying, (c) attributed factors for cyberbullying, (d) barriers for help-seeking, (e) child-centric intervention, (f) parental intervention, and (g) whole-school approach to cyberbullying. Conclusion: Several factors would affect help-seeking by adolescents, parents, and schools in the context of cyberbullying. These factors need to be considered in developing a comprehensive, school-based intervention on cyberbullying for adolescents.
Improving healthcare professionals’ ultrasound-guided peripheral vascular access ability utilizing self-assembled ultrasound phantoms: A prospective, observational quality improvement project
Authors: Bullington Phillip W , Reed James R , Owens Derek L , Rothers Janet L , Peek Gloanna J , Herring Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Background: Ultrasound guidance can reduce the number of attempts to gain peripheral IV access while improving the success rate and satisfaction in patients with difficult IV access. Education and simulation are effective tools for improving the skills and knowledge related to ultrasound-guided peripheral IV access. Ultrasound phantom models allow for skill development without the risk of patient harm. Methods: Twenty-nine registered nurses and nurse practitioners were recruited for education and simulation regarding ultrasound-guided peripheral IV (USGPIV) placement. Participants completed a survey evaluating the efficacy of the phantom models in addition to pre- and post-intervention confidence, perceived competence, knowledge surveys, and a Directly Observed Procedural Skills Evaluation (DOPSE). The intervention included an educational PowerPoint and open practice session using the phantom models. Results: Statistically significant improvements were found in participants’ confidence ( p < 0.001; 95% CI: 5.287, 9.499; d = 1.31), perceived competence ( p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.231, 2.742; d = 1.20), knowledge ( p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.079, 2.163; d = 1.47), and skills ( p < 0.001; 95% CI: 2.499; 5.501; d = 1.29). Participants improved in maintaining needle visualization ( p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.272, 0.9; d = 0.79) and decreasing their cannulation attempts (0.045; 95% CI: 0.013, 1.022; d = 0.48). Participants with no and novice experience saw statistically significant improvement across all categories ( p < 0.02) compared to those with intermediate, advanced, or expert experience with ultrasound. 96.5% of participants could perform ultrasound-guided peripheral IV cannulation independently or with indirect supervision following the intervention. Conclusions: At $36.52 per model, the self-assembled ultrasound phantom models provided a cost-effective and sustainable solution to teaching ultrasound-guided peripheral IV cannulations. Education and simulation for ultrasound-guided peripheral vascular access may benefit individuals with no or novice ultrasound experience.
Use of the Amplatzer vascular plug to treat carotid body tumors extending to the skull base
Authors: Yu Zuanbiao , Yang Tiequan , Lang Dehai , Wang Di , Hu Songjie 
Published: May 2024

Background Carotid body tumors extending to the skull base are hypervascular tumors which are difficult to access using a traditional lateral cervical approach. Preoperative embolization can reduce intraoperative blood loss. Case Presentation We report two patients with a carotid body tumor extending to the skull base who underwent preoperative embolization of the external carotid artery using an Amplatzer vascular plug. Two days after embolization, surgical resection was performed. Embolization was successful in both patients and resection proceeded smoothly. Both were discharged on postoperative day 9 without complications. The tumor in each patient was classified as Shamblin group III. Computed tomography angiography of the neck six months after surgery showed patency of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and no tumor recurrence. Conclusion Preoperative embolization of the external carotid artery using the Amplatzer vascular plug is safe and feasible for patients with carotid body tumors extending to the skull base.
Does Platelet-Rich Fibrin Enhance Recovery From Neurosensory Disturbance Following Mandibular Fractures? A Double-Blind, Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Moslemi Hamidreza , Shafiei Shervin , Dastgir Ramtin , Peacock Zachary S. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design Randomized Clinical Trial. Objective Mandibular body fractures may result in inferior alveolar nerve damage. This study examined the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) application to the inferior alveolar nerve during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular fractures. Methods This was a double-blind, split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Patients with bilateral mandibular body fractures with minimal displacement (<5 mm) who underwent ORIF were assessed for enrollment. PRF was placed within the fracture site before reduction and fixation on the studied side. Fixation was performed on the contralateral side (control side) without PRF. The study and control groups were randomized using QuickCalcs software. Neurosensory disturbance (NSD) was assessed through two-point discrimination (TPD), self-reported NSD (SR-NSD), and brush directional stroke discrimination test (BDSD) at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results Twenty-five subjects were enrolled. BDSB recovery was greater in the study group during all time intervals ( P < .001). There were no differences between TPD and SR-NSD at the follow-up periods ( P > .05). Conclusions The results of this split-mouth randomized clinical trial indicate that PRF may enhance the recovery of a damaged inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular body fractures.