bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Themes of delusions and hallucinations in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Rajapakse Thilini , Garcia‐Rosales Alexandra , Weerawardene Saman , Cotton Sue , Fraser Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim: The study aims to examine the themes of delusions and hallucinations in a cohort of adolescent and young adult patients (aged 15–26 years) presenting with a first episode of psychosis.Methods: Information was collected retrospectively from 143 randomly selected medical files, using a questionnaire.Results: Over 70% of patients were found to have either delusions or hallucinations at initial presentation. Delusions of persecution, reference and second person auditory hallucinations were the most commonly reported psychotic symptoms at initial presentation.Conclusions: Anxiety in the context of developmental life events may influence the presentation of patients in this age group. This patient group may also have a less well‐developed system of delusional beliefs compared with older patients with established illness. A better understanding of delusions and hallucinations in a first episode of psychosis may help early identification and engagement of these patients.
Working Abroad and Expatriate Adjustment: Three Disciplinary Lenses for Exploring the Psychological Transition Cycle of International Employees
Authors: Sussman Nan M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMillions of people are working abroad in countries other than their native ones. Among the largest group are those relocated for temporary assignments by their employers. Expatriate employees go through a psychological transition cycle as they prepare to leave their home country, arrive, adapt, and work in the host country, depart, return and re‐adjust to their home country. Three social science disciplines, psychology, intercultural communications studies, and international management, have examined this progression of cultural transitions, recommended coping solutions and advanced our understanding of the process of working abroad. These literatures on expatriate adjustment are summarized in this article. An interdisciplinary approach is suggested which would pose research questions aimed at pragmatic solutions to the transition crises experienced by international employees.
Why Do We Like the iPhone? The Role of Evaluative Conditioning in Attitude Formation
Authors: Walther Eva , Weil Rebecca , Langer Tina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEvaluative conditioning (EC) is the change in liking due to the paring of an affectively meaningful and a neutral stimulus. Starting with the exemplary question of why we like the iPhone, this article provides an overview of past and present research and gives an outlook to future research on this topic. We outline four different theoretical EC accounts and discuss how each account is consistent with current empirical evidence.
‘Green‐Collar Crime’: Environmental Crime and Justice in the Sociological Perspective
Authors: Wolf Brian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOne of the more neglected areas of research in the field of criminology are the crimes committed by ‘white collar’ offenders. An even more understudied area is the corporate crimes that are committed against the environment for profit. Despite this dearth of research, there have been several sociologically significant examinations into some of the more serious environmental crimes committed over the last three decades. While some of this research is theoretically underdeveloped, more recent studies have attempted to develop a coherent framework to study environmental crime. By linking and synthesizing two literatures in both white‐collar criminology and environmental justice, sociologists have begun to develop a framework for examining ‘green crimes’, the motivations, opportunity context, victimology, and enforcement issues. This article will be a survey of these studies and development literature along with some typological and definitional issues relevant to the subfield. This aims to map where criminology has been in the sub‐field of environmental crime and provides directions for where future research should be headed.
More Than a Piece of Paper? Protection Orders as a Resource for Battered Women
Authors: Fleury‐Steiner Ruth E. , Fleury‐Steiner Benjamin D. , Miller Susan L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNearly 2 million women are assaulted by a partner or ex‐partner each year in the United States (Tjaden and Thoennes 2000). Intimate partner violence is a complex social problem rooted in structural gender inequality, but that affects individual women in different ways (e.g.Crenshaw, 1991;Stark 2008). Battered women actively seek help in ending the violence from both formal and informal sources (e.g.Campbell et al. 1998;Stark 2008;Sullivan and Bybee 1999). As part of this process, many battered women will apply for a protection order against their batterer; nearly 1 million such orders are issued every year (Tjaden and Thoennes 2000). This article reviews the research on the effectiveness of such orders, including access and enforcement, and provides suggestions for further research and policy improvements.
Children’s Media Culture in a Digital Age
Authors: Poyntz Stuart R. , Hoechsmann Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDigital mediation is central to how children and youth grow up in the global North and in much of the global South today. In taking account of this situation, of late researchers have tended to draw on a sociology of the child in conjunction with an examination of how digitization is changing the experience of childhood itself. This article also begins by tracking key social, economic and cultural changes in young people’s lives. We then link these changes to the immersive media life many children around the world are living today, and note the worries this raises among parents, educators and others. To conclude, we identify the paradox of participation that is shaping children’s digital culture and forcing researchers and others to reconsider the relationships between consumerism and civic life.
Efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic laser therapy in patients with tracheal and bronchial obstruction: a retrospective single institution report
Authors: Hermes Andreas , Heigener David , Gatzemeier Ulrich , Schatz Joachim , Reck Martin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose:  The aim of this retrospective study is to present data efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic laser therapy in patients with tracheal and bronchial obstruction.Patients and Methods:  From February 2004 to April 2010, our electronic database was searched for all patients who had undergone bronchoscopic laser therapy. We collected data on age, gender, performance status, diagnosis leading to bronchoscopic laser treatment, number of procedures per patient, efficacy by means of extend of recanalisation and symptom improvement, additional interventions and procedure‐related complications.Results:  Two hundred fifty‐six procedures were performed in 121 patients. 17% of obstructions were localised in the trachea, 57% in main bronchi and 26% in lobar bronchi including right intermedius bronchus. The sum of complete and partial recanalisation reached 95%, 80% and 68%, respectively. 26% of interventions in lobar bronchi were undertaken to treat haemoptysis which could be controlled in all cases. Moderate bleeding occurred in 6%; severe bleeding in 1%. Cardiac arrhythmias were seen in 2%. We observed one treatment‐related death (overall mortality 0.4%).Conclusion:  Bronchoscopic laser therapy is a generally safe and effective method to regain airway patency in cases with tracheal or bronchial obstruction and to treat haemoptysis. We observed clinical improvement in terms of reduced dyspnea or controlled haemoptysis in 93% of our patients.Please cite this paper as: Hermes A, Heigener D, Gatzemeier U, Schatz J and Reck M. Efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic laser therapy in patients with tracheal and bronchial obstruction: a retrospective single institution report. Clin Respir J 2012;6: 67–71.
Effects of glucose and meal ingestion on incretin secretion in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Yamane Shunsuke , Harada Norio , Hamasaki Akihiro , Muraoka Atsushi , Joo Erina , Suzuki Kazuyo , Nasteska Daniela , Tanaka Daisuke , Ogura Masahito , Harashima Shin‐ichi , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the major incretins; their secretion after various nutrient loads are well‐evaluated in Caucasians. However, little is known of the relationship between incretin secretion and differing nutritional loading in Japanese subjects. In the present study, we evaluated GIP and GLP‐1 secretion in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) after glucose loading (75 g glucose and 17 g glucose) and meal ingestion.Materials and Methods:  A total of 10 Japanese NGT subjects participated in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 17 g OGTT and meal tolerance test (MTT). Plasma glucose (PG), serum insulin (IRI), serum C‐peptide (CPR), plasma total GIP, and plasma total GLP‐1 levels during OGTT and MTT were determined.Results:  Area under the curve (AUC)‐GIP was increased in proportion to the amount of glucose, and was highest in MTT, showing that GIP secretion is also stimulated by nutrients other than glucose, such as lipid. In contrast, although the larger glucose load tended to induce a larger GLP‐1 release, AUC‐GLP‐1 was not significantly different among the three loading tests (75 g OGTT, 17 g OGTT, MTT) irrespective of the kind or amount of nutrition load.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that nutritional composition might have a greater effect on GIP secretion than that on GLP‐1 secretion in Japanese NGT subjects. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00143.x, 2012)
Risk factors for early childhood caries in disadvantaged populations
Authors: Arora Amit , Schwarz Eli , Blinkhorn Anthony Stevenson 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEarly childhood caries is a significant international public health problem. The aim of this paper was to review the current evidence of the risk factors for dental caries in disadvantaged children under 6 years of age. Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed database searches were conducted. Systematic reviews were used where available, or meta‐analyses; randomized, controlled trials; and cohort, case‐control, and cross‐sectional studies (in that order). Studies were restricted to those published in English from 1990 to October 2010. Early childhood caries has a complex etiology with biological, behavioral, and sociodemographic influences. Evidence suggests that young children are most likely to develop caries if Streptococcus mutans is acquired at an early age, although this is influenced by other factors, such as oral hygiene, fluoride, diet, dental visit patterns, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and health literacy. Etiological pathways should be taken into consideration when designing interventions to prevent dental caries in disadvantaged preschool children.
Light effect on the stability of β-lapachone in solution: pathways and kinetics of degradation
Authors: Cunha-Filho Marcílio S S , Estévez-Braun Ana , Pérez-Sacau Elisa , Echezarreta-López Ma Magdalena , Martínez-Pacheco Ramón , Landín Mariana 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this work was to study the chemical stability of the new antitumoral β-lapachone (βLAP) to determine the degradation pathway/s of the molecule and the degradation kinetics in addition to identifying several degradation products.
Method  Samples of βLAP in solution were stored under conditions of darkness and illumination at 40°C at which the pseudo-first order rate constants for the βLAP degradation were determined. Furthermore, drug degraded solutions were concentrated and purified using Sephadex LH-20 and preparative thin-layer chromatography and degradation products were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Key findings
The results revealed that βLAP shows two different degradation routes: hydrolysis in the dark and photolysis under the light. The βLAP exposure to light accelerated the drug degradation about 140 fold, compared with the samples stored in the absence of light. The hydrolysis produced hydroxylapachol as the main degradation product. The photolysis yielded phthalic acid, 6-hydroxy-3methylene-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one and a benzomacrolactone together with a complex mixture of other phthalate-derivatives such as 2-(2-carboxy-acetyl)-benzoic acid.

Conclusions
This study provides useful information for the development of βLAP dosage forms, their storage, manipulation and quality control.
Improved computer‐aided detection of small polyps in CT colonography using interpolation for curvature estimationa)
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Kabadi Suraj , Van Uitert Robert , Petrick Nicholas , Deriche Rachid , Summers Ronald M. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose: Surface curvatures are important geometric features for the computer‐aided analysis and detection of polyps in CT colonography (CTC). However, the general kernel approach for curvature computation can yield erroneous results for small polyps and for polyps that lie on haustral folds. Those erroneous curvatures will reduce the performance of polyp detection. This paper presents an analysis of interpolation's effect on curvature estimation for thin structures and its application on computer‐aided detection of small polyps in CTC.Methods: The authors demonstrated that a simple technique, image interpolation, can improve the accuracy of curvature estimation for thin structures and thus significantly improve the sensitivity of small polyp detection in CTC.Results: Our experiments showed that the merits of interpolating included more accurate curvature values for simulated data, and isolation of polyps near folds for clinical data. After testing on a large clinical data set, it was observed that sensitivities with linear, quadratic B‐spline and cubic B‐spline interpolations significantly improved the sensitivity for small polyp detection.Conclusions: The image interpolation can improve the accuracy of curvature estimation for thin structures and thus improve the computer‐aided detection of small polyps in CTC.
Characterization of an Autoinducer of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Martín Jorge , García-Estrada Carlos , Rumbero Ángel , Recio Eliseo , Albillos Silvia M. , Ullán Ricardo V. , Martín Juan-Francisco 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Filamentous fungi produce an impressive variety of secondary metabolites; many of them have important biological activities. The biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites is frequently induced by plant-derived external elicitors and appears to also be regulated by internal inducers, which may work in a way similar to that of bacterial autoinducers. The biosynthesis of penicillin in
Penicillium chrysogenum
is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms of control of gene expression due to a good knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of β-lactam antibiotics and to the availability of its genome sequence and proteome. In this work, we first developed a plate bioassay that allows direct testing of inducers of penicillin biosynthesis using single colonies of
P. chrysogenum
. Using this bioassay, we have found an inducer substance in the conditioned culture broths of
P. chrysogenum
and
Acremonium chrysogenum
. No inducing effect was exerted by γ-butyrolactones, jasmonic acid, or the penicillin precursor δ-(
l
-α-aminoadipyl)-
l
-cysteinyl-
d
-valine. The conditioned broth induced penicillin biosynthesis and transcription of the
pcbAB
,
pcbC
, and
penDE
genes when added at inoculation time, but its effect was smaller if added at 12 h and it had no effect when added at 24 h, as shown by Northern analysis and
lacZ
reporter studies. The inducer molecule was purified and identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as 1,3-diaminopropane. Addition of pure 1,3-diaminopropane stimulated the production of penicillin by about 100% compared to results for the control cultures. Genes for the biosynthesis of 1,3-diaminopropane have been identified in the
P. chrysogenum
genome.
Regime Shift and Microbial Dynamics in a Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrification and Anammox Treatment of Urine
Authors: Bürgmann Helmut , Jenni Sarina , Vazquez Francisco , Udert Kai M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
The microbial population and physicochemical process parameters of a sequencing batch reactor for nitrogen removal from urine were monitored over a 1.5-year period. Microbial community fingerprinting (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and quantitative PCR on nitrogen cycle functional groups were used to characterize the microbial population. The reactor combined nitrification (ammonium oxidation)/anammox with organoheterotrophic denitrification. The nitrogen elimination rate initially increased by 400%, followed by an extended period of performance degradation. This phase was characterized by accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide, reduced anammox activity, and a different but stable microbial community. Outwashing of anammox bacteria or their inhibition by oxygen or nitrite was insufficient to explain reactor behavior. Multiple lines of evidence, e.g., regime-shift analysis of chemical and physical parameters and cluster and ordination analysis of the microbial community, indicated that the system had experienced a rapid transition to a new stable state that led to the observed inferior process rates. The events in the reactor can thus be interpreted to be an ecological regime shift. Constrained ordination indicated that the pH set point controlling cycle duration, temperature, airflow rate, and the release of nitric and nitrous oxides controlled the primarily heterotrophic microbial community. We show that by combining chemical and physical measurements, microbial community analysis and ecological theory allowed extraction of useful information about the causes and dynamics of the observed process instability.
Analysis and Manipulation of Aspartate Pathway Genes for
l
-Lysine Overproduction from Methanol by Bacillus methanolicus
Authors: Nærdal Ingemar , Netzer Roman , Ellingsen Trond E. , Brautaset Trygve 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

We investigated the regulation and roles of six aspartate pathway genes in
l
-lysine overproduction in
Bacillus methanolicus
:
dapG
, encoding aspartokinase I (AKI);
lysC
, encoding AKII;
yclM
, encoding AKIII;
asd
, encoding aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase;
dapA
, encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase; and
lysA
, encoding
meso
-diaminopimelate decarboxylase. Analysis of the wild-type strain revealed that
in vivo lysC
transcription was repressed 5-fold by
l
-lysine and induced 2-fold by
dl
-methionine added to the growth medium. Surprisingly,
yclM
transcription was repressed 5-fold by
dl
-methionine, while the
dapG
,
asd
,
dapA
, and
lysA
genes were not significantly repressed by any of the aspartate pathway amino acids. We show that the
l
-lysine-overproducing classical
B. methanolicus
mutant NOA2#13A52-8A66 has—in addition to a
hom-1
mutation—chromosomal mutations in the
dapG
coding region and in the
lysA
promoter region. No mutations were found in its
dapA
,
lysC
,
asd
, and
yclM
genes. The mutant
dapG
gene product had abolished feedback inhibition by
meso
-diaminopimelate
in vitro
, and the
lysA
mutation was accompanied by an elevated (6-fold)
lysA
transcription level
in vivo
. Moreover,
yclM
transcription was increased 16-fold in mutant strain NOA2#13A52-8A66 compared to the wild-type strain. Overexpression of wild-type and mutant aspartate pathway genes demonstrated that all six genes are important for
l
-lysine overproduction as tested in shake flasks, and the effects were dependent on the genetic background tested. Coupled overexpression of up to three genes resulted in additive (above 80-fold) increased
l
-lysine production levels.
Characterization of Planctomyces limnophilus and Development of Genetic Tools for Its Manipulation Establish It as a Model Species for the Phylum Planctomycetes
Authors: Jogler Christian , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Kolter Roberto 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Planctomycetes
represent a remarkable clade in the domain
Bacteria
because they play crucial roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycles and display cellular structures that closely parallel those of eukaryotic cells. Studies on
Planctomycetes
have been hampered by the lack of genetic tools, which we developed for
Planctomyces limnophilus
.
Biosynthesis of a Complex Yersiniabactin-Like Natural Product via the
mic
Locus in Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Kreutzer Martin F. , Kage Hirokazu , Gebhardt Peter , Wackler Barbara , Saluz Hans P. , Hoffmeister Dirk , Nett Markus 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

A genome mining study in the plant pathogenic bacterium
Ralstonia solanacearum
GMI1000 unveiled a polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster putatively involved in siderophore biosynthesis. Insertional mutagenesis confirmed the respective locus to be operational under iron-deficient conditions and spurred the isolation of the associated natural product. Bioinformatic analyses of the gene cluster facilitated the structural characterization of this compound, which was subsequently identified as the antimycoplasma agent micacocidin. The metal-chelating properties of micacocidin were evaluated in competition experiments, and the cellular uptake of gallium-micacocidin complexes was demonstrated in
R. solanacearum
GMI1000, indicating a possible siderophore role. Comparative genomics revealed a conservation of the micacocidin gene cluster in defined, but globally dispersed phylotypes of
R. solanacearum
.
A Plant-Produced Pfs230 Vaccine Candidate Blocks Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Farrance Christine E. , Rhee Amy , Jones R. Mark , Musiychuk Konstantin , Shamloul Moneim , Sharma Satish , Mett Vadim , Chichester Jessica A. , Streatfield Stephen J. , Roeffen Will , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , Sauerwein Robert W. , Tsuboi Takafumi , Muratova Olga V. , Wu Yimin , Yusibov Vidadi 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium falciparum
is transmitted to a new host after completing its sexual cycle within a mosquito. Developing vaccines against the parasite sexual stages is a critical component in the fight against malaria. We are targeting multiple proteins of
P. falciparum
which are found only on the surfaces of the sexual forms of the parasite and where antibodies against these proteins have been shown to block the progression of the parasite's life cycle in the mosquito and thus block transmission to the next human host. We have successfully produced a region of the Pfs230 antigen in our plant-based transient-expression system and evaluated this vaccine candidate in an animal model. This plant-produced protein, 230CMB, is expressed at approximately 800 mg/kg in fresh whole leaf tissue and is 100% soluble. Administration of 230CMB with >90% purity induces strong immune responses in rabbits with high titers of transmission-blocking antibodies, resulting in a greater than 99% reduction in oocyst counts in the presence of complement, as determined by a standard membrane feeding assay. Our data provide a clear perspective on the clinical development of a Pfs230-based transmission-blocking malaria vaccine.