bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colloidal platinum nanoparticles increase mitochondrial stress induced by resin composite components
Authors: Kachi Hanako , Noda Mamoru , Wataha John C. , Nakaoki Yasuko , Sano Hidehiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComponents of dental composites have been implicated as metabolic and oxidative stressors in cells. Antioxidant colloidal platinum nanoparticles (CPtN) could be useful as nanofillers that reduce cellular stress caused during placement and exposure to unpolymerized composite components. Yet, CPtN may have pro‐ or anti‐oxidative properties depending on the chemical environment in which they are used. This study investigated the ability of CPtN to mitigate mitochondrial or oxidative stress induced by camphorquinone (CQ) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM), two components of dental composites that initiate light‐activated addition polymerization. THP‐1 human monocytic cells were exposed to subtoxic concentrations of CQ and DMAEM, then blue light for 0–60 s. Mitochondrial and oxidative stress were estimated 0, 6, or 24 h after irradiation by measuring cellular ATP or GSH levels, respectively. CPtN (0–20 ppm) were added prior to blue light irradiation. Statistically significant effects were determined by ANOVA with Tukey post‐hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Light alone did not alter THP‐1 activity, but CQ and DMAEM induced 120% increases in cell ATP levels, which was increased further (50%) by CPtN. Blue light irradiation caused a 50% drop in ATP levels, which increased to 75% when CPtN were added. GSH levels were suppressed by CQ/DMAEM and blue light, and CPtN increased suppression by 20–30%. CPtN did not mitigate mitochondrial or oxidative stress in THP‐1, but amplified these stresses under the conditions tested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Oxygen tension affects terminal differentiation of corneal limbal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Cheng , Yin Tingting , Dong Nuo , Dong Fei , Fang Xiaowei , Qu Yang‐Luowa , Tan Yehui , Wu Huping , Liu Zuguo , Li Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOxygen concentration has been shown to be crucial in the proliferation and differentiation of various types of cells, while the impact of oxygen tension on the lineage commitment of epithelial cells remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on the differentiation of corneal limbal epithelium using an ex vivo squamous metaplasia model. Under normoxic conditions when exposed to air, the hyperproliferation and abnormal epidermal‐like differentiation of human corneal limbal epithelium was induced, whereas when exposed to air under hypoxic conditions, although we observed augmented proliferation, the abnormal differentiation was inhibited. The Notch signaling pathway was activated in hypoxic cultures, whereas the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was downregulated. The addition of Notch inhibitor under hypoxic conditions restored the activation of p38 MAPK and resulted in the recidivation of limbal epithelial cells to epidermal‐like differentiation. Moreover, the epidermal‐like differentiation of rabbit limbal epithelial cells was also blocked under hypoxic conditions in corneal epithelial cell sheets engineered ex vivo. We concluded that hypoxia can prevent abnormal differentiation while enhancing the proliferation of corneal limbal epithelial cells. Hypoxia coupled with air exposure can be used in the tissue engineering of corneal limbal epithelium. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2429–2437, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SNAr reaction of 2,5‐dinitrofuran: A mild and efficient method for the preparation of 2‐aryloxy‐5‐nitrofuran
Authors: Gavade Sandip , Padiya Kamlesh , Bajare Swapnil , Balaskar Ravi , Mane Dhananjay 
Published: December 2010

Abstract2,5‐Dinitrofuran which can be easily prepared by nitration of 2‐nitrofuran, on phase transfer catalysed SNAr reaction with phenol gave good yield of 2‐aryloxy‐5‐nitrofuran. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Green synthesis and crystal structure of 4,7‐diaryl‐2‐oxo(thio)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroquinazoline‐5‐one derivatives
Authors: Han Guang‐Fan , Cui Bin , Chen Li‐Zhuang , Wang Rui‐Hua , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA green and convenient approach to the synthesis of novel 4,7‐diaryl‐2‐oxo(thio)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroquinazoline‐5‐one derivatives from appropriate aromatic aldehydes and 5‐aryl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione with urea or thiourea in the presence of dilute HCl as catalyst in water is described. This method provides several advantages such as environmental friendliness, low cost, high yields, and simple workup procedure. The structures of all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and 1H NMR. The crystal and molecular structure of 4‐(4′‐chlorophenyl)‐7‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroquinazoline‐2,5‐dione 5m have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal of compound 5m belongs to monoclinic with space group P‐21/c, a = 1.4353 (4) nm, b = 1.4011 (4) nm, c = 0.9248 (3) nm, α = 90.00°, β = 101.242 (6)°, γ = 90.00°, Z = 4, V = 1.8241 (9) nm3, R1 = 0.0448, and wR2 = 0.1022. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
NaBH4‐I2 mediated chemoselective reduction of γ‐lactam and thio‐γ‐lactam in presence of gem‐dicarboxylates: An easy access to 1,3‐diaryl pyrrolidines
Authors: Barman Gopa , Haldar Pranab , Dutta Neelanjan , Ray Jayanta K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized in high yield by NaBH4/I2 mediated chemoselective reduction of N‐aryl‐γ‐lactam and N‐aryl‐thio‐γ‐lactam‐2,2‐dicarboxylate. With excess NaBH4/I2, carbonyl functionality of the ester groups remained unchanged. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Eco‐friendly synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes catalyzed by ionic liquid in aqueous media
Authors: Fang Dong , Yang Jin‐Ming , Liu Zu‐Liang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA biodegradable functionalized ionic liquid 3‐(N,N‐dimethyldodecylammonium)propanesulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([DDPA][HSO4]) was prepared and used as a Brønsted acid–surfactant‐combined catalyst for the eco‐friendly one‐pot synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes at 100°C in water. Under these conditions, the reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with dimedone generated 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes in good yields with a simple postreaction procedure. The products could simply be separated from the catalyst/water system, and the catalyst could be reused at least six times without noticeably decreasing the catalytic activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
A green and selective synthesis of 2‐aryloxazines and 2‐aryltetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Eskandari Zohre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn efficient method for the selective synthesis of 2‐substituted oxazines and tetrahydropyrimidines by the reaction of arylnitriles with 3‐amino‐1‐propanol and 1,3‐diaminopropane in the presence of montmorillonite K‐10 and KSF as inexpensive, environmentally benign, and reusable catalysts under classical heating conditions and microwave irradiation is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Organogenesis in the budding process of the freshwater bryozoan Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, 1798 (bryozoa, phylactolaemata)
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Handschuh Stephan , Redl Emanuel , Walzl Manfred G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of bryozoans has been disputed for decades, and molecular phylogenetic analyzes have not unequivocally clarified their position within the Bilateria. As probably the most basal bryozoans, Phylactolaemata is the most promising taxon for large‐scale phylogenetic comparisons. These comparisons require extending the morphological and developmental data by investigating different phylactolaemate species to identify basal characters and resolve in‐group phylogeny. Accordingly, we analyzed the bud development and the organogenesis of the freshwater bryozoan Cristatella mucedo, with special focus on the formation of the digestive tract and differentiation of the coelomic compartments. Most parts of the digestive tract are formed as an outpocketing at the future anal side growing towards the mouth area. The ganglion is formed by an invagination between the anlagen of the mouth and anus. The lophophoral arms develop as paired lateral protrusions into the lumen of the bud and are temporarily connected by a median, thin bridge. All coelomic compartments are confluent during their development and also in the adult. The epistome coelom develops by fusion of two peritoneal infolds between the gut loop and overgrows the ganglion medially. The coelomic ring canal on the oral side develops by two lateral ingrowths and supplies the oral tentacles. On the forked canal, supplying the innermost row of tentacles above the epistome, a bladder‐shaped swelling, probably with excretory function, is present in some adults. It remains difficult to draw comparisons to other phyla because only few studies have dealt with budding of potentially related taxa in more detail. Nonetheless, our results show that comparative organogenesis can contribute to phylactolaemate systematics and, when more data are available, possibly to that of other bryozoan classes and bilaterian phyla. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fashion‐forward thinking: Sustainability as a business model at Levi Strauss
Authors: Joule Erik 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRunning a profitable business while championing sustainability makes for a comfortable fit at Levi Strauss & Co., where environmental awareness is now woven into every aspect of the life cycle of the firm's iconic products. From the way the raw material for the fabrics used to make its clothing is grown to how the products are designed, created, distributed, sold, and ultimately cared for by end‐users, each step is viewed through an environmental lens that does not lose sight of the organization's overarching goals: to reinforce its leadership role in the marketplace and strengthen its bond with consumers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meaningful exit interviews help one bank cut turnover and save
Authors: Gioia Joyce L. , Catalano Rosalie M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhen turnover at a regional bank jumped from 10 to 25 percent, its managers knew they needed help in identifying the cause of the exodus. As this case study shows, a specially designed exit interview program has helped the bank dramatically reduce its turnover rate and implement strategies to recruit and retain the right people, driving more profit to the bottom line. Conducted by certified HR professionals outside the organization to ensure candor, the exit interviews are supplemented with techniques for collecting critical information from employees who choose to stay and those who turn down offers of employment as well. But merely gathering information was not enough. For the bank to realize the full benefits of its initiative, it had to be willing to act on what the interviewers heard. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Miscibility of Carboxy‐Terminated Polystyrene/Poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] Blends
Authors: Tanaka Shimon , Nishida Haruo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe miscibility/immiscibility behavior of CPS/PDMAEMA binary blends were investigated by means of DSC and optical microscopy. CPS was prepared by RAFT polymerization. CPS in a molecular weight range of 5 200–14 400 g · mol−1 was found to be miscible with PDMAEMA as shown by the existence of a single glass transition, whereas benzyl‐terminated polystyrene with a similar molecular weight was immiscible with PDMAEMA. DSC results suggested that the carboxylic acid terminal groups effectively operated as miscibility enhancers in polystyrene/PDMAEMA blends. Moreover, it was observed that this effect depended on the molecular weight of CPS and the hydrogen bonding function of solvents. magnified image
Electroconductive Polyamide 6/MWNT Nanocomposites: Effect of Nanotube Surface‐Coating by in situ Catalyzed Polymerization
Authors: Gorrasi Giuliana , Bredeau Stéphane , Di Candia Chiara , Patimo Giovanni , De Pasquale Salvatore , Dubois Philippe 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPreparation and analysis of morphologic and electrical properties of high‐performance multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyamide 6 nanocomposites was achieved. The MWNTs were surface‐coated by in situ polymerization of ethylene as catalyzed directly from the nanotube surface previously treated by a highly active metallocene‐based complex. The so‐produced polyethylene‐coated MWNTs were melt‐mixed with the PA6 matrix. Pristine MWNTs were also dispersed in PA6. The in situ ethylene polymerization/coating reaction allowed the destructuring of the native bundle‐like aggregates leading to the preparation of nanocomposites with improved properties even at very low nanofiller content. magnified image
Compartmentalized Photoreactions within Compositionally Anisotropic Janus Microstructures
Authors: Lee Kyung Jin , Hwang Sangyeul , Yoon Jaewon , Bhaskar Srijanani , Park Tae‐Hong , Lahann Joerg 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate spatially controlled photoreactions within bicompartmental microparticles and microfibers. Selective photoreactions are achieved by anisotropic incorporation of photocrosslinkable poly(vinyl cinnamate) in one compartment of either colloids or microfibers. Prior to photoreaction, bicompartmental particles, and fibers were prepared by EHD co‐jetting of two compositionally distinct polymer solutions. Physical and chemical anisotropy was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The data indicate adjustment of polymer concentrations of the jetting solutions to be the determining factors for particle and fiber structures. Subsequent exposure of poly(vinyl cinnamate)‐based particles and fibers to UV light at 254 nm resulted in spatially controlled crosslinking. Treatment of the crosslinked bicompartmental colloids with chloroform produced half‐moon shaped objects. These hemishells exhibited a distinct porous morphology with pore sizes in the range of 70 nm. Based on this novel synthetic approach, Janus‐type particles and fibers can be prepared by EHD co‐jetting and can be selectively photocrosslinked without the need for masks or selective laser writing. magnified image
Involvement of VILIP‐1 (visinin‐like protein) and opposite roles of cyclic AMP and GMP signaling in in vitro cell migration of murine skin squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schönrath Katharina , Pan Wensheng , Klein‐Szanto Andres J. , Braunewell Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVILIP‐1 (visinin‐like protein 1) is downregulated in various human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In a mouse skin SCC model VILIP‐1 expression is reduced in aggressive tumor cells, accompanied by reduced cAMP levels. Overexpression of VILIP‐1 in aggressive SCC cells led to enhanced cAMP production, in turn causing a reduction in invasive properties. Moreover, in primary neurons and neuronal tumor lines VILIP‐1 enhanced cGMP signaling. Here, we set out to determine whether and how cAMP and cGMP signaling contribute to the VILIP‐1 effect on enhanced SCC model cell migration, and thus most likely invasiveness in vivo. We found stronger increase in cGMP levels in aggressive, VILIP‐1‐negative SCC cells following stimulation of guanylyl cyclases NPR‐A and ‐B with the natriuretic peptides ANP and CNP, respectively. Incubation with ANP or 8Br‐cGMP to increase cGMP levels further enhanced the migration capacity of aggressive cells, whereas cell adhesion was unaffected. Increased cGMP was caused by elevated expression levels of NPR‐A and ‐B. However, the expression level of VILIP‐1 did not affect cGMP signaling and guanylyl cyclase expression in SCC. In contrast, VILIP‐1 led to reduced migration of aggressive SCC cells depending on cAMP levels as shown by use of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor 2′,3′‐dideoxyadenosine. Involvement of cAMP‐effectors PKA and EPAC play a role downstream of AC activation. VILIP‐1‐positive and ‐negative cells did not differ in mRNA expression of ACs, but an effect on enhanced protein expression and membrane localization of ACs was shown to underlie enhancement of cAMP production and, thus, reduction in cell migration by VILIP‐1. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dyskerin is required for tumor cell growth through mechanisms that are independent of its role in telomerase and only partially related to its function in precursor rRNA processing
Authors: Alawi Faizan , Lin Ping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDyskerin is an essential nucleolar protein required for the biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins that incorporate H/ACA RNAs. Through binding to specific H/ACA RNAs, dyskerin exerts most of its influence in the cell. To that end, dyskerin is a core component of the telomerase complex and is required for normal telomere maintenance. Dyskerin is also required for post‐transcriptional processing of precursor rRNA. Germline dyskerin mutations increase cancer susceptibility. Conversely, wild‐type dyskerin is usually over‐expressed and not mutated in sporadic cancers. However, the contributions of dyskerin to sporadic tumorigenesis are unknown. Described herein, we demonstrate that acute loss of dyskerin function by RNA interference significantly reduced steady‐state levels of H/ACA RNAs, disrupted the morphology and inhibited anchorage‐independent growth of telomerase‐positive and telomerase‐negative human cell lines. Unexpectedly, dyskerin depletion only transiently delayed rRNA maturation but with no appreciable effect on the levels of total 18S or 28S rRNA. Instead, while rRNA processing defects typically trigger p53‐dependent G1 arrest, dyskerin‐depleted cells accumulated in G2/M by a p53‐independent mechanism, and this was associated with an accumulation of aberrant mitotic figures that were characterized by multi‐polar spindles. Telomerase activity and the rate of rRNA processing are typically increased during neoplasia. However, our cumulative findings indicate that dyskerin contributes to tumor cell growth through mechanisms which do not require the presence of cellular telomerase activity, and which may be only partially dependent upon the protein's role in rRNA processing. These data also reinforce the notion that loss and gain of dyskerin function may play important roles in tumorigenesis. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tremor—some controversial aspects
Authors: Quinn Niall P. , Schneider Susanne A. , Schwingenschuh Petra , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe commonest cause of pathological tremor is essential tremor (ET). However, it has proved difficult to identify genetic mutations causing ET, particularly because other causes of tremor continue to be misdiagnosed as ET. Whether subjects with dystonia or Parkinson's disease (PD) carry an increased genetic risk of developing ET, or vice versa, is controversial. In addition, the notion of a separate disorder of benign tremulous parkinsonism (BTP) has been debated. This article gives a selective viewpoint on some areas of uncertainty and controversy in tremor. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Relating winds along the Southern Brazilian coast to extratropical cyclones
Authors: Bitencourt Daniel Pires , Manoel Gan , Acevedo Otavio Costa , Fuentes Marcia Vetromilla , Muza Michel Nobre , Rodrigues Maria Laura , Leal Quadro Mario Francisco 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntense wind events at the southern Brazilian coast cause severe socio‐economic losses. Generally, such events have been associated with extratropical cyclones over the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. The purpose of this study is to identify favoured locations and the processes through which the winds are associated with the extratropical cyclones. Using a statistical analysis, the wind speed observed at nine meteorological stations was compared with cyclone depth and offshore distance. Both cyclone depth and location were obtained through an objective procedure of identifying and tracking. Generally, the winds are well associated with the extratropical cyclones only south of 28°S. Altitude also plays an important role in this relationship. Furthermore, the cyclones influence the observed wind field up to 1200 km inland at higher latitude locations. For stations near 28°S, cyclones further from the coast have an influence, but with smaller statistical significance. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
A mapping tool for climatological applications
Authors: Matuschek Olaf , Matzarakis Andreas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractModern GIS tools are inclined to be complex and not well suited to climatological applications. To redress this situation, a free tool for the creation of maps at different spatial resolutions for biometeorological and climatological purposes has been developed for use by GIS users and non‐specialists alike. The method produces grids and isolines on maps at the same time using a climate mapping tool (CMT), which employs two different algorithms for deriving isolines from gridded data. CMT allows the creation and mapping based on ASCII and CSV files as well as the import of the most common GIS data file formats. The algorithms and the mapping tool developed can be used for a variety of applications, such as mapping of bioclimate indices. A case study using physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) is presented to demonstrate the features of CMT. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The combined instability index: a new very‐short range convection forecasting technique for southern Africa
Authors: de Coning Estelle , Koenig Marianne , Olivier Jana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThunderstorms, due to their high frequency of occurrence over southern Africa and their dominant contribution to summer rainfall, are the primary focus of very short range forecasting and nowcasting efforts in South Africa. Most southern African countries are heavily reliant on satellite technology due to the limited number of surface and upper‐air observations and the limited availability of numerical model output. In developing tools for the first 12 forecast hours, the South African Weather Service has to address both national and regional needs. The blending of techniques in an optimal manner is essential in achieving this. In this paper a description is given of how the Global Instability Index product derived from the European Meteosat Second Generation Satellite was adapted to fit to South African circumstances using a different numerical model as background information, creating the Regional Instability Indices (RII). The focus of the study is the development of a new convection indicator, called the Combined Instability Index (CII), which calculates the probability of convection based on satellite derived instability indices and moisture as well as orographic lift early in the morning when the sky is as cloud free as possible. The CII is an objective way for operational forecasters to calculate the probability for convection later in the day based on satellite and model data. Early morning CII values were evaluated statistically against the occurrence of lightning as well as against satellite derived precipitation later in the same day. It is shown that the CII not only performs well, but also outperforms the individual RII. The CII will be beneficial to operational forecasters to focus their attention on the area which is most favourable for the development of convection later in the day. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society