bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible isolated sensory axonal neuropathy due to cobalamin deficiency
Authors: Torre Chiara Dalla , Lucchetta Marta , Cacciavillani Mario , Campagnolo Marta , Manara Renzo , Briani Chiara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVitamin B12 deficiency causes a wide range of hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological manifestations. The most common neurological complication is subacute combined degeneration, sometimes associated with polyneuropathy. Isolated peripheral neuropathy due to cyanocobalamin deficiency is less frequent, and thus it may be overlooked. We describe 2 patients with isolated sensory axonal neuropathy secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency who had complete clinical and electrophysiological recovery after cyanocobalamin replacement. Testing for serum vitamin B12 and its metabolites should be done in any distal symmetric neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Needle electromyography predicts outcome after lumbar epidural steroid injection
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru M. , Bierner Samuel M. , Chouteau Whitney , Elliott Alan C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Needle electromyography (NEE) would be more valuable if it could predict outcomes after lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) in lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). Methods: We investigated the predictive value of NEE for outcome after LESI compared with other known predictive variables in 89 subjects with clinical LSR. Seventy patients completed the study, which included diagnostic lower extremity NEE and LESI. Outcome measures included changes in pain, physical function, and psychosocial function [assessed using the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ)]. Results: NEE was an independent predictor of long‐term pain improvement after LESI and was not predictive of PDQ functional improvement. A regression model, with NEE as one of several independent variables, showed strong outcome‐predictive ability. Conclusions: NEE is an independent predictor of long‐term pain relief after LESI for LSR. Abnormal NEE is predictive of better outcome than normal NEE. A regression equation including NEE and other independent predictors was predictive of pain and functional outcomes. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Isotopic Investigation of Animal Husbandry in the Welsh and English Periods at Dryslwyn Castle, Carmarthenshire, Wales
Authors: Millard A. R. , Jimenez‐Cano N. G. , Lebrasseur O. , Sakai Y. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTDryslwyn Castle in southwest Wales was founded by a Welsh lord in the AD 1220s, captured by the English in 1287, and declined from c.1407 until it was abandoned c.1450. In contrast to historical evidence for changes in procurement of meat, previous zooarchaeological work has suggested that throughout these three periods, there was no change in the supply of animals. We have analysed the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 20 cattle and 25 pigs from the Castle to further test this hypothesis. Our results show that there was no detectable change in the source of supply of cattle to the Castle when it passed from Welsh to English control, though differences in isotope ratios compared to cattle from York suggest that such changes might well be detectable. For pigs, there was an increase in carbon isotope ratios in the English period and a reversion to the previous values in the decline period, which is interpreted as reflecting a change in diet of the pigs from woodland to more open environments. Such a change is anticipated locally due to human population pressure in the English period, but could also reflect a change in the region of supply. This paper shows that there is potential for developing isotope analyses as part of the study of medieval husbandry. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐considering the association between negative urgency and suicidality
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Fink Erin L. , Bender Theodore W. , Selby Edward A. , Smith April R. , Witte Tracy K. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPrior research has reported that negative urgency was positively associated with both the acquired capability for suicide and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Given the range of outcomes associated with negative urgency, we hypothesized that that prior work linking negative urgency both suicidal behavior and the acquired capability for suicide might be better accounted for by dysregulated behaviours. Results supported our hypotheses, as the addition of dysregulated behaviours, many of which could be considered painful and/or provocative, reduced those relationships to non‐significance. These findings indicate that specific behaviours rather than negative urgency itself increase risk for the acquired capability or suicidal behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The risks may be too high
Authors: Silk Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe proposed revisions to the diagnosis of personality disorders in ICD‐11 move the diagnosis of personality disorders from the categorical to the dimensional. Although there may be a number of good reasons to consider changes in the manner in which we diagnose personality disorders, the method proposed here goes too far in the degree of changes that it proposes. It ignores the fact that at least for some of the personality disorders, there is data that supports them as distinct diagnostic entities separate from other axis I and axis II disorders. Eliminating the diagnostic categories that have been part of the established psychiatric nomenclature for the last 30 years threatens to undermine the significant research and clinical advances that have been made using categorical diagnoses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Levinthal paradox of the interactome
Authors: Tompa Peter , Rose George D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe central biological question of the 21st century is: how does a viable cell emerge from the bewildering combinatorial complexity of its molecular components? Here, we estimate the combinatorics of self‐assembling the protein constituents of a yeast cell, a number so vast that the functional interactome could only have emerged by iterative hierarchic assembly of its component sub‐assemblies. A protein can undergo both reversible denaturation and hierarchic self‐assembly spontaneously, but a functioning interactome must expend energy to achieve viability. Consequently, it is implausible that a completely “denatured” cell could be reversibly renatured spontaneously, like a protein. Instead, new cells are generated by the division of pre‐existing cells, an unbroken chain of renewal tracking back through contingent conditions and evolving responses to the origin of life on the prebiotic earth. We surmise that this non‐deterministic temporal continuum could not be reconstructed de novo under present conditions.
Growth and magnetic properties of ultrathin single crystal Fe3O4 film on InAs(100)
Authors: Huang Zhaocong , Zhai Ya , Xu Yongbing , Wu Jing , Thompson Sarah M. , Holmes S. N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDifferent thickness of ultrathin films of magnetite (Fe3O4) have been grown epitaxially on zinc‐blende narrow band‐gap semiconductor InAs(100) surfaces by in situ post‐growth annealing of ultrathin epitaxial Fe films at 300 °C in an oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10−5 mbar. Reflection high‐energy electron‐diffraction patterns show that the epitaxial Fe3O4 films have been rotated by 45° in‐plane to match the InAs substrates. The magnetic hysteresis loops obtained by magneto‐optic Kerr effect (MOKE) shows a in‐plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy for the ultrathin films, and the global easy axis is rotated from the uniaxial easy [011] direction to the cubic easy [010] direction when the thickness of the film increases.
Epitaxial CVD growth of sp2‐hybridized boron nitride using aluminum nitride as buffer layer
Authors: Chubarov Mikhail , Pedersen Henrik , Högberg Hans , Darakchieva Vanya , Jensen Jens , Persson Per O. Å. , Henry Anne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpitaxial growth of sp2‐hybridized boron nitride (BN) using chemical vapour deposition, with ammonia and triethyl boron as precursors, is enabled on sapphire by introducing an aluminium nitride (AlN) buffer layer. This buffer layer is formed by initial nitridation of the substrate. Epitaxial growth is verified by X‐ray diffraction measurements in Bragg–Brentano configuration, pole figure measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The in‐plane stretching vibration of sp2‐hybridized BN is observed at 1366 cm–1 from Raman spectroscopy. Time‐of‐flight elastic recoil detection analysis confirms almost perfect stoichiometric BN with low concentration of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen contaminations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulating the impact of policy on patrol policing: introducing the emergency service incident model
Authors: Carter David , Moizer Jonathan David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDetailed processes for emergency response work and demand and resource management can be recognisably modelled using system dynamics. The Emergency Service Incident Model (ESIM) successfully joins together the very short timescales associated with providing an emergency service to the public, to the far longer periods involved in planning for the recruitment and training of police patrol officers within Devon and Cornwall Police. A system dynamics model is presented which can help inform decisions on patrol officer staffing requirements. The impact of a range of policies can be studied to determine new and better ways to resolve the supply–demand equation that delivers frontline policing services to the public. A number of alternative policy interventions directed at improving police patrol officer incident resolution are highlighted in this study and related scenarios are tested. Results show that particular attention should be directed towards better management of the backlog of routine incidents. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
Removing Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy with Single‐ and Multiple‐Tip Sources
Authors: Tseng Ampere A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) has been an effective material removing tool for fabricating various nanostructures because of its sub‐nanometer precision and simplicity in operation. AFM material removing techniques have evolved from a solely mechanical process to one in which the tip can be loaded by additional energy sources, such as thermal, electric, or chemical, to enhance its fabrication abilities. In this paper, these material removing techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on their capabilities and recent progress. The recent hardware and software developments are first presented to provide a general view on the current status of the technology to be assessed. Following an overview of the feasibility and effectiveness of using mechanical scratching for removing various types of soft and hard materials, the processes of a wide range of approaches using multiple tip sources are then assessed with a focus on their principles, versatilities, and potentials for future applications.
Hippocampal LTP triggers proteasome‐mediated SPAR degradation in CA1 neurons
Authors: Chen Ying , Yuanxiang Pingan , Knöpfel Thomas , Thomas Ulrich , Behnisch Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractActivity‐dependent synaptic plasticity is associated with synaptic protein turnover involving the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) for protein degradation. In primary hippocampal cell culture, it has been shown that increased or decreased activity of synaptic transmission can regulate the amount of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins via UPS. However, the specific spatio‐temporal dynamic of PSD protein degradation after LTP induction and its downstream signaling pathways remains to be clarify. We used confocal microscopy to monitor levels of eGFP‐tagged SPAR (spine‐associated Rap GTPase activating protein) expressed in acute hippocampal slices and found that LTP induction triggered a UPS‐dependent decay of eGFP‐SPAR fluorescence. SPAR degradation was reduced upon inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) as well as by a protein synthesis inhibitor. Comparison of eGFP‐tagged SPAR levels with those obtained in control experiments with eGFP revealed a protein synthesis‐independent component of LTP‐associated SPAR degradation. This second component required UPS and NMDA receptor activation but not CDK5. We conclude that LTP triggers a down regulation of SPAR by two complementary mechanisms, one of which has previously been described to mediate homeostatic plasticity. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased expression of histone deacetylases 2 in temporal lobe epilepsy: A study of epileptic patients and rat models
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Zhao Fenghua , Wang Liang , Yin Huan , Zhou Chunlei , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHistone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2) is expressed in the central nervous system; it has multiple functions in neural plasticity. However, we do not know if HDAC2 is also involved in the pathology of epilepsy. Here we report that HDAC2 was expressed in the brain tissues of both control and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Results from immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that HDAC2 was primarily located in the nucleus and that TLE patients exhibit significantly more HDAC2 positive cells than control. Western blotting showed that HDAC2 protein levels were significantly higher in TLE than in control brain. Moreover, in the rat model of TLE, there was a sustained enhancement of HDAC2 expression in rat models of TLE. HDAC2 was significantly increased in both the acute (1 day) and chronic (60 days) animals compared with control group. These results suggest that HDAC2 play an important role in the pathogenesis of human TLE. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constructing a general framework for systems engineering strategy
Authors: Smartt Clement , Ferreira Susan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe strategic application of systems engineering can lead to sustained competitive advantage for an organization. This paper expands the scope of the systems engineering strategy dialogue from its existing focus which is primarily based on specific case studies to a broader context and introduces a systems engineering strategy framework. The framework defines a state‐based model for systems engineering strategy. States are grouped by organization, environment, product or service, and systems engineering process characteristics. These characteristics provide an extensive set of considerations for making a strategic decision related to systems engineering. This paper discusses using the framework to support a variety of systems engineering decisions, including decisions related to investment and risk analysis. Decision makers can apply the framework to make more informed choices that ultimately will lead to an organization's long‐term survival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15:
Synthesis and Structures of Five Crystalline Organometallic (Li/Y, Mg/Mg) or Coordination (Mg, CrII, Y/Y) Complexes
Authors: Wei Xue‐Hong , Coles Martyn P. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Lappert Michael F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbstract. Yttrium(III) chloride was the ultimate precursor of the crystalline compounds [Y{η5‐C5H4(CH(SiMe3)2)}2(μ‐Cl)2Li(THF)2] (1), [Y{(OC(But))2CH}2{μ‐OC(But)C(H)C(But)O}]2 (2), [{Mg(CH2SiMe3)(μ‐CH2SiMe3)(THF)}2] (3) and [Mg(CH2SiMe3){(N(C6H3Pri2‐2,6)C(Me))2CH}(THF)] (4). Thus, the precursors were: YCl3 + 2 Li[η5‐C5H4{CH(SiMe3)2}] for 1, [Y{N(SiMe3)2}3] + 3 [ButC(O)]2CH2 for 2, and YCl3 + 3 Mg(CH2SiMe3)Cl for 3; whereas 4 was obtained from 3 + 2 H[{N(C6H3Pri2‐2,6)C(Me)}2CH]. The β‐diketiminatochromium(II) compound 7 was prepared from CrCl2 + 2 Li[{N(C6H4Et‐2)C(Me)}2CH] (6); the latter became available from the corresponding equally new β‐diketimine 5 and LiBun. Each of the compounds 1–7 was well characterised, including for 1–4 and 7 by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Stability of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in the Presence of Liquid Oil Emulsions
Authors: Samtlebe Meike , Yucel Umut , Weiss Jochen , Coupland John N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe dissolution of solid lipid nanoparticles (d ~200 nm, SLN) by mass transfer of lipid molecules from liquid oil emulsion droplets (d ~200 nm) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The mass transfer of n‐tetradecane to n‐eicosane SLN resulted in the dissolution of the SLN over the course of several hours. The rate of dissolution increased with the tetradecane droplet to eicosane SLN ratio and was greater in the presence of a micelle forming surfactant (i.e., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) compared to a protein (i.e., sodium caseinate). The rate of mass transfer was slower in a triacyglycerol system (i.e., liquid droplets of Miglyol and solid droplets of palm stearin, SLN) but could be accelerated by the presence of isopropanol (1.4%) in the aqueous phase. This work shows that even if SLN can be stabilized against aggregation, they may still dissolve due to diffusion of the lipids through the aqueous phase. Even a partial dissolution of SLN can dramatically change their functionality as delivery systems.
De la nature des vacuoles spermatiques aux résultats et indications de l’IMSI (intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection)
Authors: Boitrelle F. , Ferfouri F. , Salama S. , Bergere M. , Bailly M. , Wainer B. , Vialard F. , Selva J. , Albert M. 
Published: October 2011

Résumé
En MSOME (high-magnification motile sperm organelle morphology examination), certains spermatozoïdes jugés normaux au grossissement × 400 ou × 200 peuvent présenter des vacuoles céphaliques. Si la large vacuole est décrite comme une empreinte de pouce nucléaire, la nature des vacuoles pourrait dépendre de leur taille, du nombre, de leur localisation et de leur profondeur. Cette revue de la littérature débat de la nature des vacuoles, analyse les résultats obtenus en IMSI (intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection) et en liste les indications.
Patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption among Iranian adults: a SuRFNCD-2007 study
Authors: Esteghamati Alireza , Noshad Sina , Nazeri Arash , Khalilzadeh Omid , Khalili Mohammad , Nakhjavani Manouchehr 
Published: October 2011

The aim of the present study was to describe the patterns of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in a nationally representative sample of the Iranian population. The data collected in the Third National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) were used. In a sample of 3702 Iranian adult participants, patterns of F&V consumption were assessed using the WHO STEPwise method. Low F&V consumption was defined as intake of less than five servings of fruit and/or vegetable daily according to the WHO guidelines. F&V consumption was compared among different age groups, sex and urban/rural areas using complex sample analysis. On average, 1·26 servings of fruit and 1·32 servings of vegetables were consumed daily. Taken together, Iranian adults consumed 2·58 F&V servings per d, with females eating more than males (P ≤ 0·001). Moreover, there was a trend towards lower consumption rates in older-age categories (P = 0·003). Prevalence of low F&V intake (less than five servings daily) was 87·5 % and also tended to be higher in older-age categories (P = 0·004). Prevalence of low intake did not differ significantly among men and women or urban and rural areas. A high prevalence of low F&V consumption in the Iranian adult population was documented. These findings may guide health policy makers in developing specific plans to encourage adequate F&V intake.
Effects of added PGX®, a novel functional fibre, on the glycaemic index of starchy foods
Authors: Brand-Miller Jennie C. , Atkinson Fiona S. , Gahler Roland J. , Kacinik Veronica , Lyon Michael R. , Wood Simon 
Published: October 2011

The development of lower-glycaemic index (GI) foods requires simple, palatable and healthy strategies. The objective of the present study was to determine the most effective dose of a novel viscous fibre supplement (PGX®) to be added to starchy foods to reduce their GI. Healthy subjects (n 10) consumed glucose sugar (50 g in water × 3) and six starchy foods with a range of GI values (52–72) along with 0 (inert fibre), 2·5 or 5 g granular PGX® dissolved in 250 ml water. GI testing according to ISO Standard 26 642-2010 was used to determine the reduction in GI. PGX® significantly reduced the GI of all six foods (P < 0·001), with an average reduction of 19 % for the 2·5 g dose and 30 % for the 5 g dose, equivalent to a reducing the GI by 7 and 15 units, respectively. Consuming small quantities of the novel functional fibre PGX®, mixed with water at the start of a meal, is an effective strategy to reduce the GI of common foods.
Generalist predators disrupt parasitoid aphid control by direct and coincidental intraguild predation
Authors: Traugott M. , Bell J.R. , Raso L. , Sint D. , Symondson W.O.C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGeneralist predators and parasitoids are considered to be important regulators of aphids. The former not only feed on these pests, but might also consume parasitoids at all stages of development. This direct or coincidental interference affects the natural control of aphids, the scale of which is largely unknown, and it has rarely been examined under natural conditions. Here, molecular diagnostics were used to track trophic interactions in an aphid-parasitoid-generalist predator community during the build-up of a cereal aphid population. We found that generalist predators, principally carabid and staphylinid beetles as well as linyphiid spiders, had strong trophic links to both parasitoids and aphids. Remarkably, more than 50% of the parasitoid DNA detected in predators stems from direct predation on adult parasitoids. The data also suggest that coincidental intraguild predation is common too. Generalist predators, hence, disrupt parasitoid aphid control, although the levels at which the predators feed on pests and parasitoids seem to vary significantly between predator taxa. Our results suggest that taxon-specific trophic interactions between natural enemies need to be considered to obtain a more complete understanding of the route to effective conservation biological control.
More than just a simple abscess: could it be caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus?
Authors: Manara J , Shears P 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:A 33-year-old woman presented with a three-day history of an abscess in the left alar region, four weeks after drainage of a breast abscess. The later infection was confirmed to be due to Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This report aims to raise awareness of such infections, and to advise when Panton–Valentine leukocidin toxin testing is appropriate.Method:Case report and discussion.Results:Although superficial Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus infections are relatively benign, more serious infections can be potentially life-threatening. Clinicians should be able to identify the features of potential Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus infection, in order to implement appropriate therapy.Conclusion:Clinicians need to be aware of Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus infections, and should ask specific questions when investigating the clinical history of patients with recurrent abscesses, as this bacterial strain is not routinely assessed by microbiology departments. If such an infection is suspected, clinicians should be aware of local protocols regarding toxin testing, antibiotic choice and decolonisation agents.