bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorder symptomatology and substance use disorders: Prevalence and shared risk in a population based twin sample
Authors: Baker Jessica H. , Mitchell Karen S. , Neale Michael C. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:Research shows a significant association between eating disorders (ED) and substance use disorders (SUD). The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence, chronology, and possibility of shared familial risk between SUD and ED symptomatology.Method:Subjects included 1,206 monozygotic and 877 dizygotic adult female twins. ED symptomatology included anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis, symptoms associated with diagnostic criteria, and BN symptom count. SUD included alcohol, illicit drug, and caffeine abuse/dependence. Generalized estimated equation modeling was used to examine phenotypic associations, and Choleksy decompositions were used to delineate the contribution of genes and environment to comorbidity.Results:There were no significant differences between SUD prevalence in women with AN and BN. Women with BN reported BN preceded SUD development while the reverse was true for AN. Twin analyses showed possible familial overlap between BN symptomatology and all SUD examined.Discussion:Results suggest an important difference in the chronology of EDs and SUDs. Women with BN may be turning to substances to dampen bulimic urges. Women with AN may be engaging in substance use initially in an effort to lose weight. Results also suggest familial factors contribute to the comorbidity between BN and SUD. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
The resource coupling role of animal foraging pits in semi‐arid woodlands
Authors: Eldridge David J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWater is a strong driver of ecosystem function and diversity in resource‐limited drylands. Structures that alter the redistribution of water have the potential to affect vegetation pattern and productivity and the maintenance of spatial heterogeneity. We examined the role of surface foraging pits and mounds constructed by the short‐beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) on runoff generation, sediment detention and seed capture. We speculated that pits dug into biologically crusted interspace soils would reduce overland flow and act as sinks for seed, while mounds of ejected soil would increase sediment availability. Runoff and sediment yield were examined under simulated rainfall with five levels of disturbance representing the pits and mounds of echidnas. Increasing the level of disturbance up to 47% cover of mounds and pits had no effect on time to ponding, steady‐state runoff or the coefficient of runoff. However, time to initiation of runoff, sediment removal rates and sediment concentration in runoff water increased with increasing disturbance. Pit‐to‐pit and surface‐to‐pit movements of Dodonaea viscosa seed tended to increase, while pit‐to‐surface movements tended to remain unchanged with increasing disturbance. Surface‐resident seed generally moved shorter distances with increasing disturbance. The results highlight the importance of mounds and pits of soil foraging animals for generating and trapping eroded sediment. Runoff and erosion processes may therefore provide a mechanism for coupling critical resources such as seed, water and sediment in resource‐rich patches that will contribute to the development of small‐scale heterogeneity in woodlands. Copyright © 2010 New South Wales, Australia.
The role of groundwater pumping and drought in shaping ecological futures for stream fishes in a dryland river basin of the western Great Plains, USA
Authors: Falke Jeffrey A. , Fausch Kurt D. , Magelky Robin , Aldred Angela , Durnford Deanna S. , Riley Linda K. , Oad Ramchand 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAcross the western Great Plains of North America, groundwater pumping for irrigated agriculture is depleting regional aquifers that sustain streamflow for native fishes. We investigated linkages between groundwater pumping from the High Plains Aquifer and stream fish habitat loss at multiple spatial scales during spring and summer 2005–2007 in the Arikaree River, eastern Colorado, USA. Monthly low‐altitude flights showed that flowing reaches were reduced from about 65 to ⩽15 km by late summer, and long permanently dry segments in the lower basin prevent recolonization. Drying occurred rapidly during summer within three 6·4‐km river segments, and patterns in habitat connectivity varied among segments owing to hydraulic conductivity. Most refuge pool habitats dried completely or lost more than half their volume, disconnecting from other pools by late summer. On the basis of these empirical habitat data, and historical groundwater and streamflow data, we constructed a MODFLOW model to predict how groundwater pumping will affect water table levels and fish habitat under three future scenarios. Under the most conservative scenario, we predicted that only 57% of refuge pools will remain in 35 years (2045), nearly all isolated in a 1·7‐km fragment of river. A water balance model indicated that maintaining current water table levels and refuge pools for fishes would require a 75% reduction in groundwater pumping, which is not economically or politically feasible. Given widespread streamflow declines, ecological futures are bleak for stream fishes in the western Great Plains, and managers will be challenged to conserve native fishes under current groundwater pumping regimes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of exposure, scrub position, and soil surface components on the hydrological response in small plots in southern Spain
Authors: Ruiz‐Sinoga J. D. , Martínez‐Murillo J. F. , Gabarrón‐Galeote M. A. , García‐Marín R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRangelands are a major component of the Mediterranean landscape. These environments are commonly affected by grazing, which reduces vegetation cover. Consequently, patchy vegetation patterns occur on Mediterranean hillslopes, where the bare soil is characterized by a number of surface components that are controlled by climatic conditions and exposure. The aim of this study was to assess at a fine scale the effects of exposure, scrub, and soil surface components on the hydrological response under various Mediterranean climatic conditions. A set of closed plots (each of area 1·3 m2) were established in each of three Mediterranean rangeland environments that differ in climatic conditions (humid, dry, and semiarid), but were not affected by intensive grazing. Rainfall was recorded at a meteorological station installed at each field site, and topsoil moisture was measured after every rainfall event, when run‐off was collected. The results showed that (i) run‐off was generated when topsoil moisture was close to saturation in the case of humid sites, and close to the wilting point at dry and semi‐arid sites; (ii) run‐off did not follow the same trends as rainfall and topsoil moisture along the climatic gradient because of the effects of soil surface components; (iii) the hydrological response in the plots was not clearly controlled by exposure and the location of scrub, especially at the semi‐arid site; and (iv) the differences between field sites were small because of the influence of grazing on vegetation cover and the effects of soil water repellency, both of which require further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecohydrological adaptation of soils following land abandonment in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Cammeraat Erik L. H. , Cerdà Artemi , Imeson Anton C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRepresentative land use types were selected in southeast Spain to investigate the redistribution of soil water in relation to vegetation development and land abandonment.Simulated rainfall experiments were performed during 2 days on each of the four selected surfaces: ploughed, a 3‐year fallow field, a 12‐year abandoned field with shrubs and a semi‐natural field withStipa tenacissimatussocks. Each experiment consisted of five runs of artificial rain. Soil moisture dynamics were measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR), as well as runoff and ponding on the plot surface. Also the movement of the wetting front was measured after each run.On the ploughed field, ponding and local runoff were less important with shallow and homogeneous wetting fronts. The other land uses showed increased heterogeneity in wetting front development, with soil water pockets under the plants that moved down at greater velocities than under the bare inter‐spaces. It is hypothesized thatS. tenacissimaand possiblyArtemisia herba‐albaadapt their environment by capturing water through stem–root flow systems to divert water to deeper soil layers to reduce evaporation. Furthermore it is suggested that during vegetation development soil heterogeneity increases, as expressed by the water infiltration patterns observed, and that the bare inter‐patches are important in the infiltration process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832–2001
Authors: Wehmeyer Loren L. , Weirich Frank H. , Cuffney Thomas F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWithin the first few decades of European‐descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Land cover change over the subsequent 126 years was minor in comparison. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office conducted a survey of the State of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published, and in 2001, the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset was compiled. Using these three data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change at three points in time over a period of 132+ years is presented in terms of the effect on the area‐weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict peak runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area‐weighted average curve number associated with the first 30 years of settlement increased from 61·4 to 77·8. State‐wide mapped forest area over this same period decreased 19%. Over the next 126 years, the area‐weighted average curve number decreased to 76·7, despite an additional forest area reduction of 60%. This suggests that degradation of aquatic resources (plants, fish, invertebrates, and habitat) arising from hydrologic alteration was likely to have been much higher during the 30 years of initial settlement than in the subsequent period of 126 years in which land cover changes resulted primarily from deforestation and urbanization. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Mono‐ and Dinuclear NiII and CoII Complexes that Feature Chelating Guanidine Ligands: Structural Characteristics and Molecular Magnetism
Authors: Roquette Pascal , König Carolin , Hübner Olaf , Wagner Arne , Kaifer Elisabeth , Enders Markus , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeveral new mono‐ and dinuclear complexes of CoII and NiII with chelating guanidine ligands were synthesized. The molecular structures for most of the complexes in the crystalline state were derived from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and some characteristic structural details are discussed. The molecular magnetism was further studied by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. In addition to the experiments, quantum chemical calculations were carried out. Finally, the paramagnetic NMR spectra for one of the complexes are discussed, which shows that 1JC,H correlation experiments are possible.
Synthesis of AuNi/NiO Nanocables by Porous AAO Template Assisted Galvanic Deposition and Subsequent Oxidation
Authors: Xu Qiaoling , Meng Guowen , Chen Bensong , Li Xiangdong , Zhu Xiaoguang , Chu Zhaoqin , Kong Mingguang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA facile and economic approach has been developed for the synthesis of coaxial nanocables with AuNi alloy nanowires as inner solid cores and NiO as outer shells by infiltrating a gold‐coated anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template, with ring‐shaped Al foil on its outer edge, with a mixed aqueous solution of NiCl2 and HAuCl4 to form AuNi/Ni nanocables, and subsequent immersion in an aqueous NaOH solution to oxidize the Ni sheath during template removal. The formation of the AuNi/Ni nanocables in the channels of the AAO template could be ascribed to the reduction of the Ni2+ ion complexes adhering on the AAO channel walls and the redox reactions of two galvanic cells in which the surrounding Al foil acts as the anode. The approach enables excellent control over the shell thickness and the chemical composition of the AuNi/NiO nanocable by tuning the composition of the mixed solution. The AuNi/NiO nanocables have potentials in nanodevices and nanosystems.
Tuning the Emission Colour of Triphenylamine‐Capped Cyclometallated Platinum(II) Complexes and Their Application in Luminescent Oxygen Sensing and Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Wenting , Cheng Chuanhui , Wu Wanhua , Guo Huimin , Ji Shaomin , Song Peng , Han Keli , Zhao Jianzhang , Zhang Xin , Wu Yubo , Du Guotong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract[(Aryl‐ppy)Pt(acac)] (ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine, acac = acetylacetonato) derivatives with triphenylamine (TPA) substituents on the ppy ligand have been prepared. The TPA fragment is either directly cyclometallated (Pt‐1) or attached to the ppy ligand through a C–C single bond (Pt‐2) or a novel α‐diketo group (Pt‐3). All the complexes show room‐temperature phosphorescence in fluid solution with emission bands in the range of 530–590 nm, which are red‐shifted relative to the model complex [ppyPt(acac)] (λem = 486 nm). This emission colour tuning effect is attributed to either an elevated HOMO energy caused by electron‐donating TPA substituents on the ppy ligand or a decreased LUMO energy caused by the electron‐trap effect of electron‐withdrawing substituents; both result in a smaller HOMO–LUMO energy gap and thus red‐shifted emission. The complexes show extended luminescence lifetimes (τ = 3.0–5.5 μs) relative to the parent complex [ppyPt(acac)] (τ = 2.6 μs). The luminescent oxygen‐sensing properties of the complexes were studied in solution and polymer films. White light emission was observed with an OLED device fabricated with complex Pt‐3 with CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.32).
Application of DFT Methods in the Study of VIVO2+–Peptide Interactions
Authors: Micera Giovanni , Garribba Eugenio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVIVO2+ complexes formed by histidylglycylglycine (HisGlyGlyH), glycylglycylhistidine (GlyGlyHisH), glycylglycylcysteine (GlyGlyCysH2), N‐glycyl‐bis(imidazol‐2‐yl)methylamine (Gly–BIMA), N‐glycyl‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)methylamine (Gly–BPMA), salicylglycyl‐L‐alanine (SalGly‐L‐AlaH2) and 1,2‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzamido)benzene (H2hybeb) in their fully deprotonated form were studied by density functional theory (DFT) methods. They are characterised by different total electric charges, total equatorial charges and number of V–N–amide bonds. DFT calculations enable structural features, like V–donor bond lengths, and spectroscopic features, like electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electronic absorption parameters, to be calculated. The results suggest that an amide group coordinates vanadium in the“amide‐” rather than the “imine‐like” form with the nitrogen atom negatively charged and with a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group, and that the equatorial charge is delocalised among all the donors bound to vanadium (Ooxido included). The analysis of the molecular orbital composition reveals that the dxy orbital is the vanadium orbital at lower energy, that it can participate in a π bond with the nitrogen pz orbital of the amide groups, that the vanadium dxz and dyz orbitals are involved in a large π interaction with the oxido px and py orbitals and that differences in the donor strengths of the ligands and deviations from the ideal square‐pyramidal symmetry can result in the separation of the energies of the vanadium dxz and dyz orbitals.
Mononuclear Bis(imino)arylcopper(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Reaction with Organic Azide
Authors: An Dongli , Wang Juanjuan , Dong Ting , Yang Ying , Wen Tingbin , Zhu Hongping , Lu Xin , Wang Ye 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMononuclear bis(imino)arylcopper(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene compound [(IPM)CuL] {1, L = 2,6‐(RN=CH)2‐4‐tBuC6H2, R = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, IPM = C[N(iPr)CMe]2} has been synthesized, structurally characterized, and its reaction with 1‐adamantyl azide investigated. The reaction of a less bulky arylcopper(I) compound [(IPM)CuPh] with the azide was also studied. The formation of the corresponding products [(IPM)CuN(1‐ad)NN(L)] (2) and [(IPM)CuN(Ph)NN(1‐ad)] (3) (1‐ad = 1‐adamantyl) reveals an aryl group transfer (L in 2 and Ph in 3) reactivity pattern mediated at CuI with the support of the N‐heterocyclic carbene. However, a Cu–N1‐ad σ‐bond and a Cu···NL weak bond were observed in the structure of 2, significantly different to the bonding in 3 in which a Cu–NPh σ‐bond and a Cu···N1‐ad weak bond were indicated. This may suggest an initial NT (NT, terminal N atom of the azide) coordination of the azide at the Cu center followed by aryl group transfer to NT. Complex 2 may undergo further bond rearrangement of the Cu···N bonds within a pseudo‐CuN3 four‐membered ring as a result of the large bulk of the ligand L.
Synthesis, Structures and Electrochemistry of New Carbonylnickel Octacarbide Clusters: The Distorting Action of Carbide Atoms in the Growth of Ni Cages and the First Example of the Inclusion of a Carbon Atom within a (Distorted) Ni Octahedral Cage
Authors: Bernardi Alessandro , Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Zacchini Stefano , Fedi Serena , Zanello Piero 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction of [Ni10C2(CO)15]2– in thf with a large excess of CdCl2·2.5H2O (8–15 equiv.) resulted in the formation of the new carbonyl octacarbide clusters [H5–nNi36C8(CO)36(Cd2Cl3)]n– (n = 3–5), which undergo partial CO replacement to give [Ni36–yC8(CO)34–y(MeCN)3(Cd2Cl3)]3– (y = 0–2) after a prolonged time in MeCN. Treatment of the former with an excess of NaOH afforded the larger [H7–nNi42+yC8(CO)44+y(CdCl)]n– (n = 6, 7; y = 0, 1) octacarbides. Their structures (as well as those of the analogous Br‐containing clusters) have been fully elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of their [Me4N]5[Ni36C8(CO)36(Cd2Cl3)]·(7–2y)MeCN·yC6H14 (y = 0.40), [Me4N]3[Ni36–yC8(CO)34–y(MeCN)3(Cd2Cl3)]·5MeCN(y = 0.61), [Me4N]7[Ni42+yC8(CO)44+y(CdCl)]·(5–y)MeCN (y = 0.19) and [Me4N]6[HNi42+yC8(CO)44+y(CdBr)]·(6–y)MeCN (y = 0.19) salts, which feature highly distorted metal cages (due to the inclusion of several carbide atoms), and the presence of partially vacant capping Ni(CO) fragments. This aspect, together with the fact that all these species undergo several protonation–deprotonation equilibria in solution as well as reversible redox processes under electrochemical control, indicates that a detailed description of molecular species containing a few dozen metal atoms might be sometimes rather troublesome and non‐trivial. A complete elucidation of these systems can be achieved only by combining structural, chemical, spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies.
Dimetallic Activation of Dihydrogen Phosphate by Zn(salphen) Chromophores
Authors: Wezenberg Sander J. , Anselmo Daniele , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAmong a large series of monoanions, dihydrogen phosphate gives an anion‐specific reaction with ZnII–salphen complexes based on a proton transfer to the chromophore. Detailed NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies and mass spectrometric analyses point to initial activation of the phosphate anion upon coordination, followed by protonation of the phenolic positions of a second ZnII–salphen structure as supported by kinetic investigations. For a bis(ZnII–salphen) chromophore this process is accompanied by a considerable colour change.
Structure and Metal‐to‐Insulator Transition of VO2 Nanowires Grown on Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zhang Ting , Cai Yuan , Ho Kin Ming , Fung Kwok Kwong , Wang Ning 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSingle‐crystalline VO2 nanowires exhibit interesting growth phenomena along three equivalent <1$\bar {1}$00> directions of the C‐planes of the sapphire substrates. Under certain growth conditions, VO2 nanowires form V‐shaped twining structures with uniform morphologies and interfaces. Due to the strong elastic stress at the interfaces, the metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT) of individual VO2 nanowires grown directly on sapphire substrates were observed to display distinct electrical hysteresis loops relative to VO2 nanowires dispersed on sapphire substrates. The distinctive characteristics in the hysteresis loops, exhibited in the process of MIT, are shown to be correlated with the nucleation and growth of periodic/random domain structures in the nanowires during the heating and cooling processes. The periodic domain structures observed in the directly grown nanowires can be explained under the framework of a modified stress‐induced elastic energy model that was first developed for ferroelectric systems.
Ligand‐Controlled Regio‐ and Stereoselective Addition of Carboxylic Acids Onto Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Carbonylruthenium(0) Complexes
Authors: Tan Sze Tat , Fan Wai Yip 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe addition of carboxylic acids onto terminal alkynes was catalyzed by mononuclear ruthenium(0) complexes to give enol esters in high yields. By using ligands with different electronic properties, product selectivity was achieved. E‐enol esters were preferentially produced when tricarbonyl(η4‐diene)ruthenium complexes were used; while geminal enol esters were produced when tricarbonylbis(phosphane)ruthenium complexes were used.
Recent Progress in the Heterogenization of Complexes for Single‐Site Epoxidation Catalysis
Authors: Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai , Jia Mingjun , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEpoxides are of central importance in organic synthesis since they provide access to a series of different 1,2‐difunctionalized intermediates starting from cheap olefins. Olefin epoxidation is catalyzed by a whole bunch of transition metal elements in high oxidation states, the most important are molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium and manganese. Organic peroxides, hydrogen peroxide bleach and even dioxygen have been used as the source of the oxygen atom that is transferred to the olefin. The present microreview summarizes the recent developments in terms of catalyst heterogenization for olefin epoxidation. Such strategies are requested for green synthesis protocols and are of special interest for expensive catalysts derived, e. g. from rhenium or complex chiral ligands.
The First Observation of theE,ZConfiguration Of Ar–X–N=S=N–X–Ar (X = S, Se) Chains in the Crystalline State
Authors: Makarov Arkady G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Makarov Alexander Yu. , Shakirov Makhmut M. , Alexeyev Alexey V. , Tersago Karla , Van Alsenoy Christian , Blockhuys Frank , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew oligomeric analogues of poly(sulfur nitride), i.e. 3‐ClC6R4–X–N=S=N–X–C6R4Cl‐3 (5–8; R = H, F and X = S, Se), were synthesized and structurally characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal XRD, in solution by variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and in the gas phase with DFT/B3LYP calculations. In the crystal, compounds5–7display the well‐knownZ,Zconfiguration, whereas8(R = F, X = Se) is the first compound to display theE,Zconfiguration amongst twelve structurally defined Ar–X–N=S=N–X–Ar (X = S, Se) derivatives in the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon series. Through a careful analysis of the packing schemes and the intermolecular interactions of the various compounds, an explanation of the abnormal behaviour of8is put forward.