bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of celecoxib on the antihypertensive effect of losartan in a rat model of renovascular hypertension
Authors: Boshra Vivian , El Wakeel Gehan Abdel Hamid , Nader Manar A 
Published: April 2011

Certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to elevate blood pressure in some hypertensive patients, who are either untreated or treated with antihypertensive agents. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, on the antihypertensive effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, losartan potassium. We studied the effect of oral treatment with losartan (30 mg/kg), celecoxib (3 mg/kg), and their combination on the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in male Sprague–Dawley rats with renovascular hypertension (RVH) induced by partial subdiaphragmatic aortic constriction. Treatment was continued for 7 days after aortic coarctation. Aortic coarctation led to significant increases in the MAP, PRA, and plasma PGE2. In RVH rats, losartan treatment caused a significant decrease of MAP with a significant increase in both plasma PGE2and PRA. Celecoxib caused a nonsignificant change in MAP with a significant decrease in the raised levels of plasma PGE2and PRA. Concomitant administration of celecoxib and losartan did not significantly affect the lowering effect of losartan on MAP with a subsequent significant decrease in the plasma PGE2and PRA in RVH rats. Therefore, celecoxib could be used in renin-dependent hypertensive patients who receive losartan, without fear of a rise in their blood pressure.
Central mechanism underlying pressor and bradycardic effect of intracerebroventricularly injected arachidonic acid
Authors: Yalcin Murat 
Published: April 2011

The aim of the current study was to determine the central cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and central thromboxane signaling in the cardiovascular effects evoked by arachidonic acid (AA). As a main control for the study, different doses of AA (75, 150, or 300 µg) were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Centrally injected AA dose- and time-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and decreased heart rate in conscious normotensive Sprague–Dawley rats. The maximal cardiovascular effects of AA were observed at min 10 of the injection and lasted almost 30 min. To investigate the central mechanism of the AA-induced cardiovascular effect in conscious normotensive animals, pretreatment with nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (200 µg; i.c.v.), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis inhibitor furegrelate (250 or 500 µg; i.c.v.), or TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ-29548 (8 or 16 µg; i.c.v.) was carried out 15 min before AA (150 µg; i.c.v.) injection. While indomethacin completely prevented the pressor and bradycardic responses to AA, furegrelate and SQ-29548 attenuated these effects in part in awake normotensive rats. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the pressor and bradycardic cardiovascular effects of centrally injected AA are dependent on COX activity being totally central and the TXA2 signaling pathway being subsequently central, at least in part.
Endothelium and aortic contraction to endothelin-1 in the pregnant rat
Authors: Dièye Amadou Moctar , Gairard Alexis 
Published: April 2011

Endothelium-derived factors modulate tone and may be involved in hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors, such as norepinephrine or angiotensin II, as has been previously described during gestation. The endothelium produces endothelin-1, a major vasoconstrictor peptide, therefore aortic contractions to endothelin-1 (10-10 to 3 ×10-7 M) were used to assess the role of the endothelium in pregnant Wistar rats (at 20 days of gestation). Late pregnancy is characterized by a significantly diminished systolic blood pressure in conscious rats (-17 mmHg, P < 0.001, n = 14). In pregnant and in age-matched nonpregnant female rats, endothelin-1 induced aortic contraction was greater when endothelium was present (at least P < 0.01). Indomethacin significantly reduced this contraction in aortic rings with intact endothelium in all groups. In aortic rings that had endothelium physically removed, contraction to endothelin-1 was greater in pregnant rats than in nonpregnant ones. Indomethacin decreased contraction of aortic rings in pregnant rats only. These results suggest an enhanced synthesis of vasoconstrictors by cyclooxygenases in vascular smooth muscle during pregnancy. In vessels with intact endothelium, we did not find hyporeactivity to endothelin-1 during late pregnancy. Contraction to endothelin-1 involved ETA receptors because it was decreased by BQ-123, an ETA receptor antagonist, whereas there was no significant change when using BQ-788, an ETB receptor antagonist. Key words: endothelin-1, endothelium, contraction, aorta, gestation.
THE FEEDING AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE SPECIALIZED EMPIDINAE (DIPTERA); OBSERVATIONS ON FOUR SPECIES OFRHAMPHOMYIAIN THE HIGH ARCTIC AND A GENERAL DISCUSSION
Authors: Downes J. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObservations on the feeding and mating behaviour ofRhamphomyiaspp. in the high arctic are reported. InR.nigritaZetterstedt the males catch their prey especially in the male swarms of mosquitoes, etc., and carry it to their specific swarming (mating) site, a station controlled by a typical visual marker. In the swarm the male responds to insects hovering above, by rising to within a few inches and then holding a steady distance for some moments. The upper insect, if a male, moves away; if a female, pairing soon takes place, the prey is transferred, and the female feeds on it during mating. Apparently the female obtains insect food in no other way. The prey is rather small, and insufficient for the completion of one ovarian cycle; and the swarming flight, with mating and prey transfer, occurs repeatedly.InR.ursinellaMelander hunting and mating are accomplished on the ground. The prey is very small and mating is frequent. The species is virtually non-flying, and the specialized form of the male eye, on which mating in flight depends, is considerably reduced. Similar adaptations occur in other arctic Diptera.R.nigrita, in contrast, maintains fully the normal dependence on sustained flight.The general structure of mating behaviour in the specialized Empidinae (Rhamphomyia,Empis,Hilara) is discussed. As in many Empididae, and other Diptera, mating takes place at an assembly station controlled by a visually recognized swarm marker, and the response to the female is mediated by the large ommatidia of the upper part of the male eye. The "holding flight" however signifies an interposed courtship, or display of prey by the male to the female. In most species only the male captures prey (perhaps without feeding on it himself); the female does not hunt and obtains insect food only by transfer at mating. Courtship with transfer becomes a firmly established behavioural element, and persists even in species which use objects of no value as food (ritualization of prey).The original significance of the prey, on which its role as sign stimulus in mating is based, is its significance as food required by the female for ovarian maturation. When the prey is small in relation to the requirements of the female, the mating process, including the courtship and prey transfer, is repeated (ritualized) so as to provide the female with sufficient food. It is suggested that this ritualization would develop easily once insect prey had become established as the sign stimulus for mating; and could lead on to the sex differences in habits of hunting and feeding.
BERYTINUS MINOR (HEMIPTERA: BERYTIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Wheeler A. G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe possible origin and site of introduction of Berytinus minor (H.-S.) (Hemiptera: Berytidae) into North America are discussed and new North American records given. B. minor exists in both a long winged (macropterous) and short winged (brachypterous) form. Differences in morphology of the pronota and wings of both forms are given and compared with a description of the differences found in the literature. Inapplicability of the terms macropterous and brachypterous as applied to B. minor is discussed. Notes on biology and ecology at Ithaca, N.Y., are given. The species appears to overwinter as an adult and to disperse in April to its food plant, white clover, Trifolium repens. Mating and oviposition begin in late April and May with the adults of the season maturing in late July or August.
DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST INSTAR NYMPHS OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON BRANCHES OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA, AFTER COLONIZATION
Authors: Bryant D. G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBalsam woolly aphid nymphs, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), settle primarily in the apical 3-year growth of a branch. This portion of a branch is a natural population unit that can be designated a sample universe for detailed studies of aphid survival and mortality.
THE APANTELES SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ATTACKING LEPIDOPTERA IN THE MICRO-HABITAT OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSix species of Apanteles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that attack microlepidopterous larvae in growing tips of spruce and fir are described, figured, and keyed. They are: A. fumiferanae Vier., A. petrovae Walley, A. absonus Mues., A. renaulti n. sp., A. milleri n. sp., and A. morisi n. sp.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF SPRAY DEPOSITS ON THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: McKinlay K. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHydraulic, fan-spray nozzles (Teejet 650067) at 50.8 cm (20 in.) spacing, 55.9 cm (22 in.) above the target surface, and operating at 2.8 kg/cm2 (40 p.s.i.) produced very uneven coverage when applying aqueous sprays containing uranine. Deposits immediately below the nozzles were 2 to 3 times more than those between nozzles.Deposits on grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes F.) were directly proportional to their plan area. Since this area increases as the square of the linear dimensions and weight increases as the cube, second instar grasshoppers collected twice as much spray/unit weight as fourth instar nymphs and 3 times as much as adult females. These differences were reflected in the mortality caused by insecticide sprays. A spray applying dimethoate at 140 g/ha (2 oz/ac) in 39.3 l./ha (3.5 Imp. g.p.a.) killed 90% of second instar nymphs but only 14% of adult males.
CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) OF THE SOUTH OKANAGAN AREA OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: McMullen R. D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDue to concern over an outbreak of bluetongue disease in cattle near Osoyoos, B.C., a survey of Culicoides spp. was made and the seasonal and immediate geographical distribution of the known large-mammal biting species studied. Species found included C. cockerelli (Coquillett),C. crepuscularis Malloch, C. near haematopotus, C. jamesi Fox, C. montanus Wirth and Blanton, C. obsoletus (Meigen), C. occidentalis Wirth and Jones, C. palmerae James, C. piliferus group, C. travisi group, C. variipennis (Coquillett), C. yukonensis Hoffman, and Leptoconops kerteszi Keiffer. The active period for adults of C. occidentalis, a proved vector of bluetongue disease, is from mid-April through early October. Breeding sites of this species were common from 275 to 600 m above sea level throughout the area of bluetongue disease incidence. Breeding sites extended up to 1350 m and adults were trapped at 1820 m. A large number of adult C. occidentalis and other Culicoides spp. were collected for isolation of bluetongue virus. No virus was recovered. This was possibly due to large-scale testing of susceptible domestic animals for bluetongue virus antigens and removal of those giving positive reactions prior to collection of the insects tested.
A COMPUTERIZED PHENOLOGY MODEL FOR PREDICTING BIOLOGICAL EVENTS OF RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: AliNiazee M. T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA phenology model based on a time–temperature relationship has been developed for the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran. The model predicts the occurrence of various biological events such as emergence levels, mating, oviposition, larval appearance, parasite activity, and pupation. These events are predicted as a function of summation of thermal units (TU) starting 1 March. For example, emergence begins at 462, oviposition at 541, hatch at 594, and pupation at 795 TU. The model was validated by actual field observations for a period of 3 years (1976–1978). Extended validation of first emergence was obtained from an entirely different cherry growing area, the Hood River Valley. The model could be a useful tool in integrated pest management program on cherries.
POLYEMBRYONY IN THE HOUSE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)
Authors: Prévost Y. H. , McFarlane J. E. 
Published: April 2011

Polyembryony is the development of two or more embryos from a single egg. It occurs normally in parasitic insects, e.g., in Strepsiptera, Halictoxenos (Noskiewicz and Poluszński 1935), and in four families of Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Macrocentrus (Muesebeck et al. 1951); Encyrtidae, Ageniaspis (Marchal 1904) and Copidosoma (Doutt 1947); Platygasteridae, Platygaster (Hill and Emery 1937); and Dryinidae Aphelopus (Kornhauser 1919). In these insects polyembryony serves as a survival mechanism.On the other hand, sporadic polyembryony has been reported to occur in eggs of the grasshoppers Dociostaurus and Melanoplus (Slifer and Shulow 1947).
STOCHASTIC PREDATION MODEL WITH DEPLETION
Authors: Curry Guy L. , Feldman Richard M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA stochastic model is developed for the expected number of prey taken by a single predator when prey depletion is apparent. The so-called “random predator equation” with prey exploitation of Royama and Rogers is compared with the stochastic model. The numerical comparisons illustrate situations where the deterministic model provides adequate and inadequate approximations.
THREE METHODS OF SAMPLING MITES PHORETIC ON BARK BEETLES: A COMPARISON
Authors: Kinn D.N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhen a few large trees are to be sampled, emergence traps provide more reliable counts of mites that are phoretic on southern pine beetles than either removal of bolts or removal of 100 cm2 bark discs. When a large sample from smaller trees is required, removal of bolts is preferable to removal of disc samples. Emergence traps or bolt samples are preferable to disc samples because: (1) fewer mites are lost during transportation and rearing; (2) mites are not left on the xylem; (3) fewer die from desiccation during rearing; and (4) fewer non-phoretic stages accumulate in the collecting medium.
ABUNDANCE AND PARASITIC HABITS OF SOME PARASITOIDS OF THE NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Freeman Barry L. , Berisford C. Wayne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAdult emergence curves of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and 27 members of its parasitoid complex were compared for four generations in the Georgia piedmont. Based on numbers of emerging adults, parasitism of the three 1975 R. frustrana generations was 42%. Two parasitoids, Lixophaga mediocris Aldrich and Compoplex frustranae Cushman, comprised 45 and 23% of all parasitoids, respectively.Emergence curves of R. frustrana and parasitoids showed considerable overlap. It appears unlikely that foliar applications of broad spectrum insecticides for control of R. frustrana can be timed to prevent heavy parasitoid mortality.Eleven species of parasitoids were reared directly from host larvae or pupae. Examination of host remains showed that some species of parasitoids may be either primary or secondary. The habits of Haltichella rhyacionae Gahan and Spilochalcis flavopicta Cresson were found to be more diverse than previously reported and include internal secondary and primary parasitism, respectively.
ENERGY UTILIZATION BY LARVAE OF A FLOWER FLY, SYRPHUS COROLLAE (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Barlow C.A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLarvae of a flower fly, Syrphus corollae Fab., consumed an average of 113.5 cal of pea aphid biomass during 8 days at 20 ± 1°. Sixty-six per cent of consumption occurred on days 6 and 7. Sixty-four per cent of consumed energy was assimilated by the larval body, ca. 55% was converted into larval tissue and 10% was used for body maintenance. When starved, larvae reapportioned some available energy from production to maintenance and developmental time was extended. Each larva destroyed an average of 59 adult aphids which represents conservation of 19.7 cal of pea plant net primary productivity/day.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA IN THE THORONINI (HYMENOPTERA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir , Huggert Lars 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA generic diagnosis of Microthoron Masner is completed, and the male antenna is figured. Data on distribution and variability of M. baeoides Masner are presented. M. miricornis n. sp. ♀ is described from South India. A key to the known species of Microthoron is given. Thoronidea taino n. gen., n. sp. ♀ is described from the Dominican Republic. Thoron longicornis n. sp. ♀ is described from Arizona, and a key to the known species of Thoron Haliday is given.
POPULATION TRENDS AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PEAR RUST MITE,EPITRIMERUS PYRI(PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA), ON PEARS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Herbert H. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe pear rust mite,Epitrimerus pyri(Nal.), overwinters in a semi-active state in old leaf scar crevices and under bud chips of the leaf clusters. It becomes active within the bud in mid-April, as soon as the weather warms, and passes through three generations in the growing season as indicated by distinct peak egg populations observed in May, June, and July. The first generation eggs are laid within the swelling bud. The mites feed on the ventral surface of the leaves causing bronzing and on the calyx end of the fruit resulting in russeting of the epidermal tissue. Deutogynes of the third generation begin to enter hibernation by mid-August. Occasionally population levels reach economic injury level resulting in the downgrading of fruit.
REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY SPHAERIDIINAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: HYDROPHILIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 1
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAdditional data on bionomics, geographical distribution, and taxonomy of many species are presented. Cercyon inquinatus Wollaston is recorded from North America for the first time. C. gebieni Knisch, 1925 and C. faeceus Balfour-Browne, 1954 are placed in synonymy with C. inquinatus.
NEW SPECIES OF MIMESA FROM NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: PEMPHREDONIDAE: PSENINI)
Authors: Finnamore A. T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFour new species are described: Mimesa foxi, M. huron, M. iroquois, and M. mallochi. Diagnostic characters are listed for each species and each species is compared with other closely related species in the genus.
PARASITES OF PHYLLONORYCTER ELMAELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILARIIDAE) ON APPLE IN THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Doğanlar Miktat , Beirne Bryan P. 
Published: April 2011

Larvae of Phyllonorycter elmaella Doğ. and Mut. were found commonly on unsprayed apple in 1976 and 1977 at Burnaby and Haney, in the Vancouver, B.C. district. Presumably this is the same species recorded by Pottinger and LeRoux (1971: 25–37, 214), Lithocolletis sorbi Frey, on apple in Oregon.Twelve species of hymenopterous parasites were reared. Total parasitism in 1977 was 18, 17, and 10% in collections from Burnaby in July, August, and September, respectively, and 27% in a collection from Haney.
MAINTENANCE OF BUMBLE BEE COLONIES IN OBSERVATION HIVES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Pomeroy N. , Plowright R. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo bumble bee observation hive designs are described. Both have a sloping floor to support peripheral brood clumps. One is temperature controlled, using insulated resistance wire as an internal heat source. The other is moulded from a concrete mixture consisting of horticultural Perlite, cement, and plaster of Paris. Techniques for the sanitation, feeding, and handling of laboratory colonies are described.
ROOT MAGGOT DAMAGE TO CANOLA AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF DELIA SPP. (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Timlick B. , Galka B.E. , Palaniswamy P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cabbage root maggot, Delia radicum (L.), was the only Delia species capable of attacking undamaged roots of canola [oilseed rape, Brassica napus (L.)] that was found in commercial fields in Manitoba. Adults of the overwintering generation infest canola. Their progeny, adults of the first generation, left the maturing plants after completing a single generation. Root maggot damage occurred in fields in all agricultural regions of the province. The mean percentage of the roots with damage was higher in the more northerly agricultural regions (15.8%) than in the south (8.0%). Most of the damage was light and the damage did not visibly affect the growth or vigour of the plants. Foot rot fungi were not associated with the feeding damage. In cage experiments, the seed yield of canola did not decrease with increasing proportions of plants damaged by D. radicum. The percentage of plants with root maggot damage (DAM) was best described in a polynomial by the mean daily air temperature (TEMP) and the total precipitation (RAIN) for June and July:log(DAM + 1)=–12.3 + 0.66 TEMP + 0.09 RAIN – 0.004(TEMP × RAIN).The level of damage caused by the larvae of D. radicum to canola in commercial fields during the years 1985 through 1988 did not appear to have caused yield losses. However, the level of damage increased with increasing precipitation and temperature during June and July so a series of favourable years could lead to increased damage and possibly to significant yield losses.
RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF DICOFOL, FORMETANATE HCl, PROPARGITE, HEXYTHIAZOX, AND CLOFENTEZINE TO EUROPEAN RED MITE ON PEACH
Authors: Pree D.J. , Marshall D.B. , McGarvey B.D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe persistence of toxic effects of the contact acaricides dicofol, propargite, and formetanate HCl and the ovicides clofentezine and hexythiazox to the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), were tested by bioassays of disks cut from treated peach foliage. Effects of dicofol were more persistent than propargite or formetanate HCl to susceptible mites. Mortality on dicofol-treated foliage was >50% for more than 15 days. Propargite killed >50% of females for 10 days after application, whereas the toxicity of formetanate HCl deposits declined rapidly after 7 days. Mortality of dicofol-resistant mites was less than for susceptible mites. However, resistant mites were affected (>50% killed) by dicofol residues up to 7 days old. The toxic effects of the ovicides clofentezine and hexythiazox persisted for at least 30 days and at the rates tested were approximately equally toxic.Formetanate HCl and propargite residues were less persistent (half-life 8–9 days) than the other compounds. Dicofol residues had a half-life of about 15 days but approximately 10% of residues persisted for 65 days. Residues of clofentezine and hexythiazox declined more gradually (half-life = 15–20 days) than other compounds and persisted at approximately 10% of initial residues after 65 days.