bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conversion of vegetable juice waste to biogas production at lab-scale by using an internal circulation anaerobic reactor
Authors: Boualy VONGVISITH , Chengyue LIANG , Changmei WANG , Fang YIN , Kai WU , Bin YANG , Jing LIU , Hong YANG , Wudi ZHANG 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The vegetable juice waste (VJW) was a sample treated in the IC reactor after squeezing. The experimental procedure was divided into five phases based on OLR (1.4, 2.2, 4.4, 8.4, and 17.6 g COD/l.d, respectively) and HRT (6, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 days, respectively) in this investigation to assess the performance of an internal circulation anaerobic (IC) reactor in the conversion of vegetable juice waste (VJW) to biogas production at ambient temperature for 160 days. The experiment results showed that the biogas production yield of the IC reactor in phase 1 was 6.9 gVS/l.d higher than in other phases 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, where biogas production was 2.8, 3.1, 1.6, and 0.9 gVS/l.d, respectively. The variation in methane content of biogas generated remained constant between 66 and 69%, corresponding to OLR of 1.4, 2.2, 4.4, 8.4, and 17.6 gCOD/l.d, respectively. The variation decreased steadily from 6 to 0.5 days at HRT. When an OLR was gradually increased from 1.4–17.6 gCOD/l.d with an HRT of 4-0.5 days for 160 days, COD removal ranged from 94 − 80%. However, during the execution of an IC reactor process, indicating a drop in the HRT, the system did not overload. The IC reactor system is a beneficial method for the current and further conversion of vegetable juice waste or wastewater treatment to biogas production, as well as providing scientific information to those who are interested in future research.
Comparative Analysis of Medical Surgical Nursing Practices, A Survey across First World and Third World Nations
Authors: monfared zeinab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The practice of medical surgical nursing is a critical component of healthcare delivery worldwide. However, vast differences exist in healthcare infrastructure, resources, and practices between first world and third world nations. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of medical surgical nursing practices between these two distinct socio-economic categories.
Methods:
A comprehensive survey was conducted across multiple healthcare facilities in both first world and third world nations. The survey questionnaire was designed to assess various aspects of medical surgical nursing practices, including staffing levels, training standards, equipment availability, and patient outcomes. Data was collected over a specified period and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results:
The survey revealed significant disparities in medical surgical nursing practices between first world and third world nations. First world nations exhibited higher staffing levels, advanced training programs, and greater access to modern medical equipment. Conversely, third world nations faced challenges such as limited resources, inadequate training opportunities, and a lack of essential equipment, resulting in suboptimal patient care and outcomes.
Discussion:
The findings underscore the profound impact of socio-economic factors on medical surgical nursing practices. While first world nations benefit from robust healthcare systems and investments in nursing education, third world nations struggle with systemic deficiencies that impede the delivery of quality care. Addressing these disparities requires concerted efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, and international organizations to improve infrastructure, enhance training programs, and promote equitable access to resources.
Conclusion:
This comparative analysis highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap in medical surgical nursing practices between first world and third world nations. By addressing systemic challenges and fostering global collaboration, we can work towards achieving better healthcare outcomes for all patients, regardless of their geographic location or socio-economic status.
AI for clean water: efficient water quality prediction leveraging machine learning
Authors: Ansari Ahmad Talha , Nigar Natasha , Faisal Hafiz Muhammad , Shahzad Muhammad Kashif 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Water is one of the most critical resources for maintaining life. Although it makes upto 70% of the Earth’s surface but only a small amount of it is usable. Since water is used for a variety of functions, its quality must be determined before usage. The rapid increase of the world’s population has also had a significant influence on the environment, particularly on water quality. The quality of water has been deteriorating in recent years due to various pollutants. To control the water pollution, modeling and predicting the water quality has become a crucial need. In this work, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based model to predict and classify the water quality. The results from six different ML models are analyzed for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score as performance measures. The proposed approach is validated using benchmark dataset. The results show that Decision Tree ML model has a distinct superiority on other classifiers in terms of performance indicators like accuracy of 97.53%, precision of 87.66%, recall of 74.59%, and F1-score of 80.60%. This will help the aquatic system for better water quality analysis.
Comprehensive Analysis of Omicron Subvariants: EG.5 Rise, Vaccination
Strategies, and Global Impact
Authors: Sil Debayan , Gautam Shreastha , Saxena Shubhi , Joshi Sachin , Kumar Dinesh , Mehta Astha , Jindal Priya , Sharma Subhi , Pandey Prachi , Diksha  , Singh Amandeep 
Published: May 2024

:
The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic
has prompted significant developments in the understanding, monitoring, and response to
these strains. This comprehensive review focuses on two prominent variants of interest (VoI), XBB.
1.5 (Kraken) and XBB.1.16 (“Arcturus”), along with seven variants under observation (VuM),
including EG.5. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified these variants in July 2023,
highlighting EG.5's noteworthy rise in prevalence. EG.5, also known as “Eris,” has exhibited an increased
effective reproductive rate, prompting concerns about its contagiousness and immune evasion
capabilities. With an altered spike protein in the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD), EG.5
shares similarities with XBB.1.5 but surpasses it in prevalence, constituting 20% of COVID-19
cases in the United States by late August. EG.5's subvariant, EG.5.1, poses challenges with mutations
like Q52H and F456L, contributing to its ability to bypass neutralizing antibodies. The global
distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a dynamic landscape, with XBB.1.16 and other
strains gaining prominence. The advent of the BA.2.86 variant further complicates the scenario,
with its notable spread in regions lacking robust viral surveillance. A thorough analysis of mutations
reveals the evolving nature of the Omicron variant, with distinct amino acid changes characterizing
XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and EG.5. The WHO designates EG.5 as a “variant of interest” due
to its increased contagiousness and potential immune evasion, emphasizing the need for vigilant
monitoring. The risk assessment of EG.5 underscores its rapid development and growing prevalence
globally. While booster vaccines targeting XBB.1.5 are in development, antiviral medications
like nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) continue to exhibit efficacy. In the context of the evolving
variants, the FDA has granted emergency use authorization for updated COVID-19 vaccines
targeting circulating strains, reflecting the adaptability of vaccination strategies to address emerging
challenges. This comprehensive overview provides a nuanced understanding of the diverse
Omicron subvariants, their global impact, and the ongoing efforts to combat their spread through
vaccination and therapeutic interventions.
Prevention of Anaemia in Pregnancy: A Five-year Scoping Review
Authors: Abiodun-Ojo Olubukola E. , Ogundipe Laofe O. , Bello Cecilia B. 
Published: May 2024

:
Approximately 50% of pregnant women globally suffer from pregnancy-related
anaemia, which is a serious issue for reproductive health and can lead to a number of complications, including low birth weights, premature deliveries, foetal deformities, and feto-maternal
mortality.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the suggested strategies to prevent anaemia in pregnancy
through a 5-year scoping review (November, 2017 to November, 2022).

Methods:
A comprehensive list of keyword combinations linked to anemia prevention in pregnancy and pertinent approaches to inform the search strategy were evaluated. Significant
events, including pregnancy and anemia, were cross-referenced with the frequency and variability of terms across time. Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, PLOS One,
and Cochrane database were reviewed.

Results:
Evidence-based preventative therapy options for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy
include prophylactic iron supplementation, food fortification with iron and folate, and health
education. There is a wealth of research on the effects of these therapies on the occurrence of
anaemia during pregnancy. However, these prospects are endangered by several variables, such
as inadequate health facilities, low maternal health literacy, low utilisation of maternal health
care in developing countries, a dearth of resources for health education, and lack of a government policy that prevents anaemia during pregnancy.

Conclusion:
If the highlighted challenges are appropriately addressed through the provision of
health education material, the effectiveness of anaemia prevention in pregnancy could be sustained.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Small-Molecule Antibacterials of a Reduced Acridine Structure in S. aureus Strains Including MRSA
Authors: Werner Peter , Kreutzer David , Szemeredi Nikoletta , Spengler Gabriella , Hilgeroth Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The increasing antibacterial drug resistance remains a threat to global
health with increasing mortality and morbidity. There is an urgent need to find novel antibacterials
and develop alternative strategies to combat the increasing antibacterial drug resistance.

Objective:
We aimed to synthesize novel small-molecule antibacterials to evaluate the structuredependent
antibacterial compound activities against S. aureus and MRSA.

Methods:
Compounds were synthesized by primary N-alkylation to form alkyl acridinium salts that
were further functionalized with substituted phenyl residues and finally purified by column chromatography.
The antibacterial growth inhibition activity was determined as MIC value.

Results:
The substituent effects on the determined antibacterial growth inhibitory properties have
been discussed.

Conclusion:
The best activities have been found for compounds with methoxy functions, exceeding
the activities of reported novel antibacterial peptides. The compounds have also shown antibacterial
drug-enhancing effects, which have been manifested as a reduction in the MIC values of the used
antibiotics.
Development of a Prognostic Risk Model Based on Oxidative Stress-related Genes for Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Su Huishan , Hou Yaxin , Zhu Difan , Pang Rongqing , Tian Shiyun , Ding Ran , Chen Ying , Zhang Sihe 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with poor outcomes.
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in developing drug resistance. However, the relationships
between Oxidative Stress-related Genes (OSRGs) and the prognosis of platinum-resistant
OC remain unclear. This study aimed to develop an OSRGs-based prognostic risk model for platinum-
resistant OC patients.

Methods:
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to determine the expression difference
of OSRGs between platinum-resistant and -sensitive OC patients. Cox regression analyses
were used to identify the prognostic OSRGs and establish a risk score model. The model was validated
by using an external dataset. Machine learning was used to determine the prognostic OSRGs
associated with platinum resistance. Finally, the biological functions of selected OSRG were determined
via in vitro cellular experiments.

Results:
Three gene sets associated with oxidative stress-related pathways were enriched (p <
0.05), and 105 OSRGs were found to be differentially expressed between platinum-resistant and -
sensitive OC (p < 0.05). Twenty prognosis-associated OSRGs were identified (HR: 0:562-5.437;
95% CI: 0.319-20.148; p < 0.005), and seven independent OSRGs were used to construct a prognostic
risk score model, which accurately predicted the survival of OC patients (1-, 3-, and 5-year
AUC=0.69, 0.75, and 0.67, respectively). The prognostic potential of this model was confirmed in
the validation cohort. Machine learning showed five prognostic OSRGs (SPHK1, PXDNL,
C1QA, WRN, and SETX) to be strongly correlated with platinum resistance in OC patients. Cellular
experiments showed that WRN significantly promoted the malignancy and platinum resistance
of OC cells.

Conclusion:
The OSRGs-based risk score model can efficiently predict the prognosis and platinum
resistance of OC patients. This model may improve the risk stratification of OC patients in
the clinic.
Analysis of Soil Health Parameters to Identify Important Soil Nutrients and Weights using Feature Engineering for Multiple Agri-Advices
Authors: Vispute Sushma , Goyal Dinesh , Sankhla Kriti 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Identification of important soil nutrients is a very important task for precision
farming and developing efficient machine learning models.

Method:
The existing work shows that the patent is filed and published on a method and device for
assessment of soil health parameters and recommendation of fertilizers. The existing work is done
for one advice at a time not for several advices. Multiple advices that are taken into account for the
task are appropriate crops, organic fertilizer, and combination 1 and combination 2 of fertilizers.

Result:
This paper presented results of feature selection techniques based on Chi-Square, ANOVA
and Mutual Information Gain scoring functions such as Select K Best and Select Percentile for multiple
agri-advice datasets of Pune District regions to identify important soil health features.

Conclusion:
As per Chi-Square, ANOVA and Mutual Information scoring functions with Select K
Best and Select Percentile techniques ‘Mn’ was the most important parameter and Cu’ and ‘B’ were
the least important parameters among all 11 parameters common in 4 agriculture advices. Whereas
Ph, K, Fe, 'OC', 'N', 'S', 'Mn', and 'P' will be used for future research work on the development of an
efficient classification algorithm for multi-advice generators.
Recent Developments of Nanostructured Photocatalysts Based on
Semiconducting Chalcogenides for Organic Reactions
Authors: Hazarika Ramani , Roy Deepshikha , Das Deepshikha , Deori Kalyanjyoti 
Published: May 2024

:
The earth-abundant metal chalcogenide is a highly versatile semiconductor with unique electronic and optical properties that seem to outperform
the photocatalytic properties of metal oxides and metal nanoparticles. For ages, researchers are reaping the benefits of its photocatalytic properties
in numerous reactions. However, the high charge recombination rates, poor compositional stability, and a smaller number of catalytically active
sites restrict its application. The development of different kinds of heterojunctions by the combination of metal-chalcogenides with other
conducting and semiconducting materials like metal oxides, metal nanoparticles, g-C3N4, single-atom catalysts, and MOF results in superior
photocatalytic activity. This review provides insight into the various classes of metal-chalcogenide-based heterostructures and their application in
various organic transformations. A brief overview of the synergistic properties arising from the development of such heterostructures helps to
understand the surface interactions so that highly stable, efficient, and selective metal-chalcogenide-based heterostructures can be developed for
industrially important photocatalytic organic transformations. This review also describes the role of mediators in boosting the stability and catalytic
efficiency of the metal chalcogenides. Moreover, a thorough emphasis on the morphological impact of photocatalysts in various reactions will help
with the development of metal chalcogenide heterostructures with tunable morphology and bandgap.
Skeletal effects of posterior crossbite treatment with either quad helix or rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up
Authors: Hansson Stina , Josefsson Eva , Lund Henrik , Miranda-Bazargani Silvia , Magnuson Anders , Lindsten Rune , Bazargani Farhan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess skeletal and dental effects and evaluate possible side effects of maxillary expansion with two different appliances, directly after expansion and 1 year postexpansion.

Materials and Methods
Forty-two patients with unilateral posterior crossbite (mean 9.5 ± 0.9 years) were randomized to either rapid maxillary expansion (RME) banded on the deciduous second molars and bonded to the primary canines or slow expansion with quad helix (QH) on the permanent first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography records were taken at baseline, directly after correction of the posterior crossbite and at follow-up 1 year after expansion.

Results
All patients were analyzed. RME opened the midpalatal suture more anteriorly and inferiorly (mean 4.1 mm) and less posteriorly and superiorly (mean 1.0 mm). No effect on midpalatal suture could be shown in the QH group after expansion, P &lt; .001. Buccal bone width had significantly decreased (P &lt; .001) in the QH group compared with the RME group. Buccal fenestrations and root resorption on the left first molar had a higher prevalence directly after expansion finished in the QH group (P = .0086, P = .013) but were not significant at 1-year follow-up (P = .11, P = .22).

Conclusions
Opening of the suture with RME was more anterior and inferior, and the QH did not open the midpalatal suture at all. More buccal bone loss and fenestrations were seen on the permanent first molar in patients treated with conventional QH than RME anchored to deciduous teeth.
Aplicabilidade terapêutica da cannabis medicinal para tratamento da doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio 
Published: May 2024

A doença de Alzheimer constitui transtorno neurodegenerativo, progressivo em que se encontra evidenciada a diminuição da capacidade cognitivo comportamental e funcional. Nela ocorre comprometimento na realização das atividades de vida diárias pelos enfermos à medida que a doença evolui. Uma alternativa terapêutica para enfrentamento da doença de Alzheimer envolve o uso da cannabis medicinal para tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo foi por intermédio da realização de uma revisão de literatura verificar como a cannabis medicinal pode ser utilizada no tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. Realizou-se revisão narrativa de literatura e levantamento de estudos e artigos que tratavam acerca do uso da cannabis medicinal no tratamento da doença de Alzheimer com busca nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico e PubMED. O tratamento da doença de Alzheimer com fármacos possui deficiências nos estágios evolutivos dessa patologia e busca-se alternativas terapêuticas, fazendo-se uso do sistema endocanabinoide. O uso medicinal do cannabis deve continuar sendo estudado, visando obter melhorias e a disponibilização de maiores recursos e terapêuticas para enfrentamento das demências, dentre as quais encontra-se a doença de Alzheimer. O recurso da utilização da cannabis medicinal pode atuar minimizando a sintomatologia da doença de Alzheimer, concomitantemente possibilitando melhores condições e qualidade de vida aos pacientes enfermos.
Radiographic analysis in Thoroughbreds reveals morphological changes in healthy maturing stifle joints and possible association between subchondral lesions and femoral condyle width
Authors: Wadbled Laure , Finck Cyrielle , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Morehead James P. , Fogarty Ursula , Lemirre Thibaut , Beauchamp Guy , Richard Hélène , Laverty Sheila 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Assess femorotibial features in foals with and without medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral radiolucencies (SR+ and SR–).

METHODS
3 independent, sequential radiographic studies were performed. Study 1 retrospectively measured femorotibial morphological parameters in repository radiographs (SR– and SR+). Study 2 qualitatively compared drawings of intercondylar notch shape in postmortem radiographs (SR–). Study 3 prospectively measured femorotibial parameters in 1-month-old foals (SR–). In studies 1 and 3, 13 morphologic parameters were measured. Limb directional asymmetry was assessed in 2 age groups (< 7 or ≥ 7 months).

RESULTS
Study 1 (SR– group; n = 183 radiographs) showed increased femoral measurements with maturation, except the distal femoral intercondylar notch width (FINwal), which decreased. In contrast, in SR+ stifles (53 radiographs), 3 femoral parameters (MFC width [MFCwpf], MFC height, or FINwal) showed no changes. Tibial plateau width alone increased with maturation in both groups. Interobserver reliability was good to excellent. Study 2 (n = 53 radiographs) confirmed a distal FINw decrease in SR– foals. In study 1, left SR– stifles in greater than or equal to 7-month-old fillies had significantly larger femoral bicondylar width and FINw, while right SR+ stifles in fillies greater than or equal to 7 months had a significantly larger MFCw. In study 3 of 1-month-old foals (n = 94 SR– radiographs), the MFCw, femoral condyle bicondylar width, and lateral femoral condyle height were all greater on the left, whereas the intercondylar intereminence space width was larger on the right.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In SR+ stifles, the distal femur exhibited divergent maturation, indicating a wider MFC in the right stifle in older foals. As SR lesions are more common on the right, this suggests a potential association with MFC morphology.
Work-life balance is essential to reducing burnout, improving well-being
Authors: Volk John O. , Schimmack Ulrich , Strand Elizabeth B. , Reinhard Addie , Hahn Joseph , Andrews Julie , Probyn-Smith Kevin , Jones Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess levels of burnout, well-being, and mental health of veterinarians and compare them to those of nonveterinarians by use of validated instruments, and to identify the predictive values of techniques individuals can use to help reduce burnout and/or improve well-being and mental health.

SAMPLE
An online survey of 4,636 veterinarians from a random sample of 40,000 US veterinarians provided by the AVMA.

METHODS
The study was fielded from September 11 to October 9, 2023.

RESULTS
Burnout and well-being of veterinarians were generally consistent with that of employed US adults. Serious psychological distress was more common among veterinarians than in the general population. Veterinarians on average were more likely to score higher in neuroticism than nonveterinarians, and neuroticism was a predictor of low well-being, poor mental health, and burnout. Work-life balance, an effective coping mechanism for stress, and working in a positive clinic culture were among the significant factors that predicted good well-being and mental health and reduced burnout.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The higher percentage than the norm of veterinarians with serious psychological distress was a concern. Focusing on maintaining a good work-life balance and adopting a reliable coping mechanism can potentially help reduce distress. Veterinary medicine is an inherently stressful profession. The purpose of this study was to identify key factors that contribute to burnout, well-being, and mental health and to determine what behaviors and management techniques help reduce stress and burnout and contribute to well-being and mental health, thus improving job satisfaction and personal fulfillment.