bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: CHO H 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation (AGVI) for the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the vitrectomized eyes.Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with NVG associated with PDR who underwent AGVI for intraocular pressure (IOP) control and compared the surgical outcome according to vitrectomy history. The main outcome measures were: postoperative IOP control, visual acuity, and complications. Success was defined as an IOP of ≤21 mm Hg and ≥6 mm Hg, without further glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception and devastating complications.Results A total of 38 patients (38 eyes) were included.The cumulative probabilities of success after AGVI were 88.2% after 6 months and 85.2% after 1 year., Cox proportional hazards regression showed the intraocular silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor for the surgical failure (odds ratio=4.543, P=0.047). Final visual acuity improved or stabilized in 30 patients (78.9%) Complications were comparable with previous studies.Conclusion Despite some complications that necessitate surgical intervention, the AGVI is a safe and effective procedure that enables successful IOP control and vision preservation in patients with NVG associated with vitrectomy for the PDR
PCR in posterior segment viral diseases
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSince its introduction in the early eighties, PCR has dramatically changed our approach to the diagnosis and understanding of intraocular viral diseases. Even though serology remains the effective diagnostic tool for diseases such as West‐Nile virus or dengue‐virus retinitis, PCR is the gold‐standard for herpetic retinopathies. Two major subtypes have been described including necrotizing and nonnecrotizing herpetic retinopathies. In Europe, diagnosis is performed based on the analysis of the aqueous humor, whereas vitrectomy is more frequently performed in the USA. Less than 100 microlitters of liquid is sufficient for the procedure. Real‐time PCR is now available for most of the herpesviruses allowing a quantitative determination of the viral load. The identification of the viral agent is paramount in the management of the disease by adapting the antiviral strategy. VZV, HSV‐1, HSV‐2 and CMV are the main causes of viral retinitis. Acute retinal necrosis syndrome is mainly observed in immunocompetent patients whereas, progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome and CMV retinitis occur classically in immunocompromised patients. Intravitreal injection of corticosteroids must be considered as a risk factor. The decrease of the viral load is a major prognostic factor and must be taken into consideration for an optimal management.
CSF pressure and glaucoma: Pro
Authors: JONAS JB 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The Optic nerve in its orbital is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF) with the CSF‐pressure. It may therefore make sense to consider the trans‐lamina cribrosa pressure difference of intraocular pressure minus orbital CSF‐pressure to be important for the physiology of the optic nerve head, in normal eyes and eyes with glaucomaMethods The talk will present anatomical findings of the optic disc and results of previoous experimental and clinical studies which may support the hypothesis that the CSF‐pressure may play some role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Deep sclerectomy: Pro
Authors: COLLIGNON NJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose From the weight of the litterature, deep sclerectomy (DS) certainly is safer than trabeculectomy and as safe as modern trabeculectomy and thus might represent an alternative therapy earlier in the glaucoma process.Methods The controversy between the IOP‐lowering effect of trabeculectomy versus of DS will remain as long as variable definitions of success, different follow‐up times, and variable study designs render comparisons between studies very difficult.Results Although the DS is not the first choice therapy in the angle closure glaucoma, it has a significant advantage (1) in young patients where lower cataract formation occurs following DS, (2) in monocular patients, (3) in patients with high myopia, and (4) in patients with tubular visual fields. The facts that the anterior chamber is not perforating in the original DS and that postoperative intraocular inflammation is minimal make it a good alternative therapeutic choice for (5) uveitic glaucoma cases or (6) glaucoma secondary to iris melanoma. Considering goniopuncture as a failure criterion or as a two‐stage penetrating surgery as needed in at least 50% of the cases, could be weighted to considering suture lysis and capsulotomy as failure criteria of glaucoma and cataract surgeries. Performing goniopuncture with caution might avoid the most adverse events like iris incarcerationConclusion Deep sclerectomy or non penetrating glaucoma surgery continue to evolve in developing new ideas like canaloplasty that would offer better safety and efficacy than the gold standard, namely, trabeculectomy.
Comparison between 2 recent optical biometry devices
Authors: DJABAROUTI M , BADAT I , MERCIE M , BOISSONNOT M , DIGHIERO P , GICQUEL JJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare the refractive precision and the ease of use of 2 recent optical biometry devices.Methods Fifty patients (50 eyes with grade II and over cataracts according to the Oxford classification) underwent optical biometry measurements with 2 optical biometers, the IOLMaster 500 (partial coherence interferometry [PCI] device) and the Lenstar LS 900 (optical low‐coherence reflectometry [OLCR] device. Keratometry was also measured in each patient with the NIDEK ARK 900 keratometer. IOL power calculation was performed using the SRK‐T formula. The duration of the actual measurement process was also recorded.Results IOL power calculation could not be achieved in 2 patients with the PCI biometer (1 post traumatic cataract, 1 dense subcapsular cataract) versus 5 patients with the OLCR device (1 post traumatic cataract, 1 dense subcapsular cataract and 3 loss of fixation). There was an excellent correlation between the keratometric measurements obtained with both biometers and the ones obtained with the NIDEK ARK 900 keratometer. Measurements with the new OLCR device took significantly longer than with the PCI biometer.Conclusion The accuracy of the IOL Master 500 and Lenstar 900 make them the 2 new gold standards of optical biometry. Both of them are easy to use and due to their non contact technology they prevent the potential transmission of non conventional infectious agents (theoretically possible with contact biometers).
Characteristics of the anterior eye segment in patients affected by ehlers‐danlos‐syndrome
Authors: WEGENER A , HOLTZ FG , FINGER R , WEISSBACH A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (EDS) characterizes an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by a molecular defect in the synthesis of collagen. The refractive, biometrical and densitometrical characteristics of the anterior eye segment in patients affected by various forms of EDS were analysed.Methods 46 EDS patients in an age‐range of 6 to 62 years (mean age 33 years) affected by various types of EDS, as diagnosed by genetic screening or skin biopsies, were recruited on a voluntary basis for this study. They were subjected to a complete orthoptical and clinical examination including documentation of the anterior eye segment with the EAS 1000 (Eye Analysis System, Nidek, Gamagory, Japan). Apart from clinical parameters like visual acuity, ocular motility and intraocular pressure, biometric measurements have been performed for corneal thickness and curvature, anterior chamber geometry, lens biometry and densitometric analysis of corneal and lens light scattering.Results The EDS patient population comprised 37% classical type, 28% hypermobile type and 13 % vascular type. Among the clinical parameters, prevalence of myopia combined with astigmatism was 33% that of hyperopia combined with astigmatism 28%. Strabismus was found in 11% and about 59% of the EDS patients complained about dry eyes problems. Densitometric aanalyses of the lens revealed a normal age‐related scattering profile in all patients. Similarly the biometric data for lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were within the normal range. Patients with the classical type EDS showed thinner corneas compared to the vascular or hypermobility type of EDS.Conclusion Most of the clinical features described in association with EDS like thin and translucent sclera, keratoconus, lens luxation, retinal detachment or angoid streaks have not been observed in this study. Thinner cornea and perhaps more frequent anterior vitreal detachment were the only consistent pathological findings associated with the classical type of EDS which could be demonstrated in this study.
Semi‐automatic 3D reconstruction of the anterior segment from high frequency ultrasound scans
Authors: KOHANDANI TAFRESHI M , LAMARD M , COCHENER B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We propose a new method to perform the semi‐automatic 3D segmentation and reconstruction of the anterior segment (AS) using high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) scans. The main application aimed at by this development is the phakic IOL sizing based on the 3D morphological quantification of the AS:ATA, STSMethods High frequency ultrasound (HFUS) data were acquired by a linear 50 MHz probe (Aviso from QUANTEL MEDICAL), using freehand scanning. An active localization system was used to spatially register each scan in a common 3D coordinates system. The steps of the AS segmentation were defined as follows: 1‐3D reference models were previously created using manual US image datasets segmentation. 2‐The 3D models were globally registered to the acquired data using the iterative closest point transform. 3‐A final manual control / correction ensures the accuracy of the overall procedure. Tests were performed on 12 volumes (containing from 30 to 45 slices) acquired in the same conditions, during the preoperative check up.Results Our method is much less time consuming than manual segmentation: it took 21 ± 7 min only. The morphological values of the ATA and STS 3D reconstruction were extracted for all the meridians. The ATA had an average minimum and maximum radius of 5.22 ± 0.35 and 6.85 ± 0.5 mm respectively, and an average area of 105.77 ± 6 mm2. For the STS, an average minimum and maximum radius of 4.98 ± 0.32 and 6.81 ± 0.42 mm was determined, and its average area was 103.43 ± 5 mm2.Conclusion The proposed method offered an accurate and fast 3D segmentation of the ocular anterior segment organs. Future work will aim at reducing the required time and human intervention for each patient datasets processing for better automation.
Commercial interest
A biocornea of fish scales – First results of a research model
Authors: VAN ESSEN TH , LIN CC , LAI HJ , HUSSAIN AK , LUYTEN GPM , JAGER MJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To develop an animal model suitable to evaluate the biocompatibility of a fish‐scale derived biocornea. This biocornea has been developed as an alternative for the use of human tissue to replace damaged corneas. Prior to its use in humans, it is essential to determine the behavior and biocompatibility of the biocornea with the natural cornea.Methods A ±250 µm thick, decellularized and decalcified fish scale‐derived collagen matrix was implanted into the corneas of three groups of Fischer 344 male albino rats of 14 weeks old. Rats were anesthetized with isufluorane, oxybuprocaine and marcaine and received corticosteroids postoperatively. The first group (n=6) received an Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK). The second group (n=6) had the matrix implanted into an intralamellar corneal pocket and the third group (n=6) subconjunctivally. Discomfort, attachment of the implant, transparency of cornea and implant, epithelial damage and inflammation parameters were observed during 21 days.Results In rats receiving an intralamellar pocket implantation different degrees of opacity were observed. The anterior lamel started to disappear after day 7. Implants in the ALK group remained transparent despite neovascularization in all cases, but no reepithelialization was observed. Rats with a subconjunctival implant showed local swelling, redness and induration which decreased in time.Conclusion The artificial cornea is accepted quite well early on, but may lead to corneal melting. The curvature of the implant need be adjusted to better mimic the rats’ curvature. Future research is warranted to optimize the Biocornea.
Commercial interest
A formula to predict spectral‐domain OCT retinal nerve fiber layer measurements based on time‐domain OCT measurements
Authors: KIM NR , KIM CY , RHO SS , OH JH , MOON YS , CHIN HS , HONG S , SEONG GJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To establish and validate a formula to predict spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness from time‐domain (TD)‐OCT RNFL measurements and other factors.Methods From healthy participants and patients with glaucoma, SD‐OCT and TD‐OCT scans were obtained on the same day. Univariate and multivariate linear regression relationships were analyzed to convert Stratus TD‐OCT measurements to Cirrus SD‐OCT measurements. Other baseline characteristics included were age, gender, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, spherical equivalent, anterior chamber depth, optic disc area, visual field mean deviation, and pattern standard deviation. The formula was generated using a training set of 220 patients and then evaluated on a validation dataset of 105 patients.Results Univariate analysis determined that TD‐OCT RNFL thickness, age, optic disc area, visual field mean deviation, and pattern standard deviation were significantly associated with SD‐OCT RNFL thickness. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis using available variables yielded the following equation: SD‐OCT RNFL = 0.746 × TD‐OCT RNFL + 17.104 (R2 = 0.879). In the validation sample, the multiple regression model explained 85.6% of the variance in the SD‐OCT RNFL thickness.Conclusion This formula based on TD‐OCT RNFL thickness may be useful in predicting SD‐OCT RNFL thickness. Other factors associated with SD‐OCT RNFL thickness, such as age, disc area, and mean deviation, did not contribute to the accuracy of the final equation.
The relationship between RNFL thickness and rim thickness by Cirrus HD OCT
Authors: LEE MK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To study the relationship between RNFL thickness and rim thickness by Cirrus HD OCTMethods This prospective comparative study was conducted on 50 eyes from 50 glaucoma patients and 30 eyes from healthy 30 subjects. They were imaged by Cirrus HD OCT and the RNFL thickness and rim thickness data were analyzed. The correlations of the angles of the peaks in the RNFL thickness profile or rim thickness profiles with the axial length and spherical equivalent of refractive error (SE) were analyzed by simple linear regressionResults The global average RNFL thickness and rim thickness was significantly thinner in the glaucoma group than in the control group. The angles of the peaks in the RNFL thickness and rim thickness showed good correlation in both glaucoma and control group. Myopia affected the distribution of the peaks in the RNFL thickness and rim thickness. However, the effect were different between RNFL thickness and rim thicknessConclusion The rim thickness had good correlation with RNFL thickness. And the degree of glaucoma and myopia affected the distribution of RNFL thickness and rim thickness
Genetics of Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: DEN HOLLANDER AI , ROEPMAN R , KOENEKOOP RK , CREMERS FPM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To give an overview of our current knowledge of the genetic causes of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA).Methods Current literature on the genetic causes of LCA and the function of the defective gene products will be reviewed. In addition therapeutic options for the various genetic subtypes will be discussed.Results Linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping and candidate gene analysis facilitated the identification of 15 genes mutated in patients with LCA, which together explain approximately 70% of the cases. Several of these genes have also been implicated in other non‐syndromic or syndromic retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Joubert syndrome, respectively. CEP290, GUCY2D and CRB1 are the most frequently mutated LCA genes; one intronic CEP290 mutation (p.Cys998X) is found in 20% of LCA patients from north‐western Europe, although this frequency is lower in other populations. The LCA genes encode proteins with a wide variety of retinal functions, such as photoreceptor morphogenesis, phototransduction, vitamin A cycling and intra‐photoreceptor ciliary transport processes. Rodent, avian and canine models for LCA have been successfully corrected employing adeno‐associated virus or lentivirus‐based gene therapy. Moreover, phase 1 clinical trials have been carried out in humans with RPE65 deficiencies. In addition, a phase 1 clinical trial with a retinoid compound has been initiated in LCA patients with RPE65 and LRAT mutations.Conclusion Future LCA research will focus on the identification of the remaining causal genes, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of disease in the retina, and the development of gene therapy approaches for different genetic subtypes of LCA.
Cons of steroids use in optic neuritis
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To discuss benefits and risks of steroids use in optic neuritis.Methods Analysis of evidence based studiesResults Steroids do not influence the final visual acuity in patients with optic neuritis. Their possible adverse effects will be discussed in detail.Conclusion Intravenous steroids might be considered in the treatment of optic neuritis after detailed examination of patient’s general health status and when possible benefits overcome the risks of adverse effects.
Your first best glaucoma‐friend, the slit‐lamp
Authors: BRON AM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNew technologies have provided the ophthalmologists with fascinating techniques to evaluating structure and function in glaucoma. Within a couple of minutes we can now obtain very sophisticated mappings, curves, indices, relations etc. The yield of these techniques in the screening, the diagnosis and the follow‐up of ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients is invaluable. However as doctors we cannot forget the basis of a medical examination. Like the stethoscope for general practitioners and cardiologists, the slit‐lamp is a key step of the examination for ocular diseases by ophthalmologists. This course is designed for young ophthalmologists and we will give a check list to help them in the slit‐lamp examination from the lids to the optic nerve head. This rapid and systematic approach will help them to improve their daily clinical practice in glaucoma.
Surgery of ectopia lentis
Authors: EGEA ESTOPINAN C , PRIETO CALVO E , IDOIPE M , SATUE M , FERRERAS A , FERNANDEZ LARRIPA S , ABECIA MARTINEZ E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Ectopia lentis is a patology with lens dislocation presumably secondary to zonular fiber weakness. Ectopia lentis can occur in isolation, in association with other ocular disorders or as part of systemic disorder. Marfan´s syndrome and homocystinuria are the most frequent cause of heritable ectopia lentis. Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder. Studies of MFS have established the critical contribution of fibrillin‐1 deficiency to disease progression through altered cell‐matrix interactions and dysregulated TGF‐β signalling.Methods We report four eyes of 4 children aged from 2 years to 4 years with ectopia lentis Both cases showed bilateral and symmetric lens dislocation with low visual acuity. One of the children was diagnosed of Marfan syndrome.Results We practised Twenty three gauge two port pars plana lensectomy without intraocular lenses.Conclusion Pars plana lensectomy is a safe, effective procedure for the management of ectopia lentis. Earlier surgery is indicated to prevent amblyopia and improve visual acuity. Marfan syndrome, homocystinuria, trauma and simple ectopia lentis are the most common caused of pediatric lens subluxation. Ectopia lentis in children continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. The convencional surgical management of congenital subluxated lenses infrequently associated with a high incidence of complications leading to poor visual prognosis. Surgical intervention is necessary when lens subluxation causes a significant refractive error resulting in amblyopia.
Anisometropia in population base study: The Mashhad Eye Study
Authors: OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , FOTOUHI A , HASHEMI H , HERAVIAN J , YEKTA AA , KHABAZKHOOB M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and its determinants in the population of Mashhad.Methods In a cross‐sectional study in 2008, 4453 residents of Mashhad city between the ages of 1 and 90 years were selected using stratified cluster sampling, of which, 70.4% participated in the study. All respondents had visual acuity and refraction testing. Anisometropia was defined as the absolute interocular difference in the spherical equivalent based on non‐cycloplegic refraction. The prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of anisometropia was determined based on cutpoints of 0.5 diopter (D), 1.0 D, and 2.0 D or more, and we used the 1.0D cutpoint to examine associations.Results After applying exclusion criteria, data from 2947 participants were used in the analyses. Based on cutpoints of 0.5D, 1.0D, and 2.0 D or more, the prevalence of anisometropia was 17.0% (95% CI, 15.1‐18.8), 5.6% (95% CI, 4.6‐6.6), and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.2‐2.2), respectively. The odds of anisometropia showed a significant increase of 2.8% with every year of aging (p<0.001); 2.6% and 2.8% were anisomyopic and anisohyperopic, respectively. The prevalence of anisometropia was directly associated with myopia (p<0.001) as well as a history of ocular trauma (p<0.001). The prevalence of anisoastigmatism was 5.6% and significantly increased with age (p<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of anisometropia in the studied population, compared to studies conducted in the Middle Eastern Region and East Asia, is in the midrange. The prevalence of anisometropia is higher at older age, however, children should receive more attention due to the risk of amblyopia. A history of ocular trauma is a risk factor for anisometropia.