bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early lifestage exposure and potential developmental susceptibility to tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Brown Dzubow Rebecca , Makris Susan , Siegel Scott Cheryl , Barone Stanley 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or “perc”, is a highly volatile and lipophilic solvent widely used in dry cleaning, textile processing, and metal‐cleaning operations. The limited epidemiological and toxicological data available for exposure to perc during developmental lifestages, as well as the evidence for critical windows of exposure, highlight early life as a period of potential susceptibility. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify all peer‐reviewed epidemiological and toxicologial studies examining outcomes from early lifestage exposure to perc, and reviewed by developmental stage for both exposure and outcome. RESULTS: Exposure scenarios to perc unique to early lifestages include transplacental and breast milk intake, along with inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Toxicokinetics factors that may influence early lifestage susceptibility to perc, along with existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, are described. Adverse outcomes examined include: reproductive outcomes examined prior to conception including reduced fertility, adverse effects on sperm, or altered reproductive hormones; prenatal outcomes examined after exposure prior to conception or prenatally including fetal death, birth defects, and decreased birth weight; postnatal outcomes examined after exposure prior to conception, prenatally, or during childhood including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cancer, hepatotoxicity, congential anomalies and mortality; and adult schizophrenia examined after exposure prior to conception. CONCLUSIONS: The limited evidence on early lifestage exposure to perc does not provide sufficient evidence of this sensitive period as being more or less important than exposure at a later lifestage, such as during adulthood. However, there are a number of adverse health effects observed uniquely in early lifestages, and increased sensitivity to visual system deficits is suggested in children. Other outcomes observed in adults may not have been adequately assessed in children to directly compare sensitivity. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:50–65, 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EMF acts on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes
Authors: Yang Yong , Tao Chaoxiong , Zhao Dongming , Li Feng , Zhao Wenchun , Wu Hua 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to treat nonunion fractures developed from observations in the mid‐1900s. Whether EMF directly regulates the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), differentiating into osteoblasts or adipocytes, remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of sinusoidal EMF of 15 Hz, 1 mT in differentiation along these separate lineages using rat bone marrow MSCs. Our results showed that EMF promoted osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells and concurrently inhibited adipocyte formation. EMF increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation, and stimulated osteoblast‐specific mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, DLX5, and BSP. In contrast, EMF decreased adipogenesis and inhibited adipocyte‐specific mRNA expression of adipsin, AP‐2, and PPARγ2, and also inhibited protein expression of PPARγ2. These observations suggest that commitment of MSCs into osteogenic or adipogenic lineages is influenced by EMF. Bioelectromagnetics 31:277–285, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of whole‐body SAR from electromagnetic fields using personal exposure meters
Authors: Joseph Wout , Vermeeren Günter , Verloock Leen , Martens Luc 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, personal electromagnetic field measurements are converted into whole‐body specific absorption rates for exposure of the general public. Whole‐body SAR values calculated from personal exposure meter data are compared for different human spheroid phantoms: the highest SAR values (at 950 MHz) are obtained for the 1‐year‐old child (99th percentile of 17.9 µW/kg for electric field strength of 0.36 V/m), followed by the 5‐year‐old child, 10‐year‐old child, average woman, and average man. For the 1‐year‐old child, whole‐body SAR values due to 9 different radiofrequency sources (FM, DAB, TETRA, TV, GSM900 DL, GSM1800 DL, DECT, UMTS DL, WiFi) are determined for 15 different scenarios. An SAR matrix for 15 different exposure scenarios and 9 sources is provided with the personal field exposure matrix. Highest 95th percentiles of the whole‐body SAR are equal to 7.9 µW/kg (0.36 V/m, GSM900 DL), 5.8 µW/kg (0.26 V/m, DAB/TV), and 7.1 µW/kg (0.41 V/m, DECT) for the 1‐year‐old child, with a maximal total whole‐body SAR of 11.5 µW/kg (0.48 V/m) due to all 9 sources. All values are below the basic restriction of 0.08 W/kg for the general public. 95th percentiles of whole‐body SAR per V/m are equal to 60.1, 87.9, and 42.7 µW/kg for GSM900, DAB/TV, and DECT sources, respectively. Functions of the SAR versus measured electric fields are provided for the different phantoms and frequencies, enabling epidemiological and dosimetric studies to make an analysis in combination with both electric field and actual whole‐body SAR. Bioelectromagnetics 31:286–295, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sinusoidal ELF magnetic fields affect acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebellum synaptosomal membranes
Authors: Ravera Silvia , Bianco Bruno , Cugnoli Carlo , Panfoli Isabella , Calzia Daniela , Morelli Alessandro , Pepe Isidoro M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of synaptosomal membranes were investigated. Sinusoidal fields with 50 Hz frequency and different amplitudes caused AChE activity to decrease about 27% with a threshold of about 0.74 mT. The decrease in enzymatic activity was independent of the time of permanence in the field and was completely reversible. Identical results were obtained with exposure to static MF of the same amplitudes. Moreover, the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activity are spread over frequency windows with different maximal values at 60, 200, 350, and 475 Hz. When synaptosomal membranes were solubilized with Triton, ELF‐MF did not affect AChE activity, suggesting the crucial role of the membrane, as well as the lipid linkage of the enzyme, in determining the conditions for inactivation. The results are discussed in order to give an interpretation at molecular level of the macroscopic effects produced by ELF‐MF on biological systems, in particular the alterations of embryo development in many organisms due to acetylcholine accumulation. Bioelectromagnetics 31:270–276, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of carboplatin in canine plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Villarino Nicolas , Cox Sherry , Yarbrough Jason , Martín‐Jiménez Tomás 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCarboplatin is an antineoplastic drug administered to treat different tumoral conditions in canine oncology. The objective of this study was to validate a high‐performance chromatographic (HPLC) method which could be applied in canine pharmacokinetic studies. Following ultrafiltration using a Centrifree device, standards, quality controls and plasma samples were separated by isocratic reversed‐phase HPLC on an Inertsil ODS‐2 (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column and quantified using UV detection at 220 nm. The mobile phase was potassium phosphate (pH 4.5), with a flow‐rate of 1.0 mL/min. The procedure produced a linear curve (r2 > 0.999) over the concentration range 1–200 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 1 μg/mL. The intra‐assay and inter‐assay precision was ∼90%. The overall recovery was ∼90%. The method was illustrated with a preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis on nine dogs treated with carboplatin at our hospital. Carboplatin disposition followed a monocompartmental structure in dogs and was characterized by a short half‐life (50 min). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection in biofluids and drugs and its application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Shi Yan‐Mei , Liu Zhuan‐Li 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin has been established using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection based on the ECL enhancement of tri(2,2‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). The conditions for sample solvent type, CE separation and ECL detection were investigated systematically. The analytes were well separated and detected within 7 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of enoxacin and ofloxacin are 9.0 × 10−9 and 1.6 × 10−8 mol/L, respectively. The precisions (RSD%) of intraday and interday are less than 2.1 and 4.0%, respectively. The limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) of enoxacin and ofloxacin are 3.2 × 10−7 and 5.4 × 10−7 mol/L in human urine samples and 4.1 × 10−7 and 6.9 × 10−7 mol/L in human serum samples, respectively. The recoveries of enoxacin and ofloxacin at different concentration levels in human urine, serum and eye drop samples are between 94.0 and 106.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the enoxacin and ofloxacin in human urine, serum and eye drop samples and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in human body. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of painful osseous metastases
Authors: Dupuy Damian E. , Liu Dawei , Hartfeil Donna , Hanna Lucy , Blume Jeffrey D. , Ahrar Kamran , Lopez Robert , Safran Howard , DiPetrillo Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The study was conducted to determine whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can safely reduce pain from osseous metastatic disease.METHODS:The single‐arm prospective trial included patients with a single painful bone metastasis with unremitting pain with a score >50 on a pain scale of 0‐100. Percutaneous computed tomography‐guided RFA of the bone metastasis to temperatures >60°C was performed. Endpoints were the toxicity and pain effects of RFA before and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after RFA.RESULTS:Fifty‐five patients completed RFA. Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 3 of 55 (5%) patients. RFA reduced pain at 1 and 3 months for all pain assessment measures. The average increase in pain relief from pre‐RFA to 1‐month follow‐up is 26.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7‐34.9; P < .0001), and the increase from pre‐RFA to 3‐month follow‐up is 16.38 (95% CI, 3.4‐29.4; P = .02). The average decrease in pain intensity from pre‐RFA to 1‐month follow‐up was 26.9 (P < .0001) and 14.2 for 3‐month follow‐up (P = .02). The odds of lower pain severity at 1‐month follow‐up were 14.0 (95% CI, 2.3‐25.7; P < .0001) times higher than at pre‐RFA, and the odds at 3‐month follow‐up were 8.0 (95% CI, 0.9‐15.2; P < .001) times higher than at pre‐RFA. The average increase in mood from pre‐RFA to 1‐month follow‐up was 19.9 (P < .0001) and 14.9 to 3‐month follow‐up (P = .005).CONCLUSIONS:This cooperative group trial strongly suggests that RFA can safely palliate pain from bone metastases. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society
Serum amyloid A
Authors: Cocco Emiliano , Bellone Stefania , El‐Sahwi Karim , Cargnelutti Marilisa , Buza Natalia , Tavassoli Fattaneh A. , Schwartz Peter E. , Rutherford Thomas J. , Pecorelli Sergio , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors investigated the expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and evaluated its potential as a serum biomarker.METHODS:SAA gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and normal endometrial tissues, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. SAA concentration in 194 serum samples from 50 healthy women, 42 women with benign diseases, and 102 patients including 49 grade 1, 38 grade 2, and 15 grade 3 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma was also studied by a sensitive bead‐based immunoassay.RESULTS:SAA gene expression levels were significantly higher in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma when compared with normal endometrial tissues (mean copy number by real‐time PCR = 182 vs 1.9; P = .001). IHC revealed diffuse cytoplasmic SAA protein staining in poorly differentiated endometrial endometrioid carcinoma tissues. High intracellular levels of SAA were identified in primary endometrial endometrioid carcinoma cell lines evaluated by flow cytometry, and SAA was found to be actively secreted in vitro. SAA concentrations (μg/mL) had medians of 6.0 in normal healthy women and 6.0 in patients with benign disease (P = .92). In contrast, SAA values in the serum of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma patients had a median of 23.7, significantly higher than those of the healthy group (P = .001) and benign group (P = .001). Patients harboring G3 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma were found to have SAA concentrations significantly higher than those of G1/G2 patients.CONCLUSIONS:SAA is not only a liver‐secreted protein, but is also an endometrial endometrioid carcinoma cell product. SAA is expressed and actively secreted by G3 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, and it is present in high concentration in the serum of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma patients. SAA may represent a novel biomarker for endometrial endometrioid carcinoma to monitor disease recurrence and response to therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term quality of life after radiotherapy for the treatment of anal cancer
Authors: Das Prajnan , Cantor Scott B. , Parker Crystal L. , Zampieri Joan B. , Baschnagel Andrew , Eng Cathy , Delclos Marc E. , Krishnan Sunil , Janjan Nora A. , Crane Christopher H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with localized squamous cell cancer of the anal canal. The goal of the current study was to evaluate long‐term quality of life (QoL) in patients after this treatment.METHODS:Questionnaires were mailed to 80 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy, for anal cancer, with a minimum 2‐year interval after the completion of radiotherapy. The questionnaire included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Colorectal (FACT‐C), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sexual Problems Scale, and questions regarding demographic characteristics and comorbidities.RESULTS:A total of 32 (40%) patients completed the questionnaire. There were no significant differences noted with regard to clinical and demographic characteristics between the survey responders and nonresponders. Among the 32 responders, the median dose of radiotherapy was 55 Grays (Gy), and 97% had received concurrent chemotherapy. The median interval between radiotherapy and survey participation was 5 years (range, 3‐13 years). The median total FACT‐C score was 108 (range, 47‐128), of a maximum (best possible) score of 136. Patients who reported depression or anxiety and younger patients were found to have significantly lower total FACT‐C scores. The median scores on the Physical, Social/Family, Emotional, Functional, and Colorectal subscales of the FACT‐C were 20, 23, 21, 22, and 21, respectively, of maximum (best possible) scores of 28, 28, 24, 28, and 28, respectively. The median score on the MOS Sexual Problems Scale was 67 (range, 0‐100), of a maximum (worst possible) score of 100.CONCLUSIONS:Patients treated with radiotherapy for anal cancer reported acceptable overall QoL scores, but poor sexual function scores. Investigations are warranted into more modern radiation techniques that could potentially reduce late toxicity from radiotherapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Matrix‐valued Szegő polynomials and quantum random walks
Authors: Cantero M. J. , Moral L. , Grünbaum F. Alberto , Velázquez L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe consider quantum random walks (QRW) on the integers, a subject that has been considered in the last few years in the framework of quantum computation.We show how the theory of CMV matrices gives a natural tool to study these processes and to give results that are analogous to those that Karlin and McGregor developed to study (classical) birth‐and‐death processes using orthogonal polynomials on the real line.In perfect analogy with the classical case, the study of QRWs on the set of nonnegative integers can be handled using scalar‐valued (Laurent) polynomials and a scalar‐valued measure on the circle. In the case of classical or quantum random walks on the integers, one needs to allow for matrix‐valued versions of these notions.We show how our tools yield results in the well‐known case of the Hadamard walk, but we go beyond this translation‐invariant model to analyze examples that are hard to analyze using other methods. More precisely, we consider QRWs on the set of nonnegative integers. The analysis of these cases leads to phenomena that are absent in the case of QRWs on the integers even if one restricts oneself to a constant coin. This is illustrated here by studying recurrence properties of the walk, but the same method can be used for other purposes.The presentation here aims at being self‐contained, but we refrain from trying to give an introduction to quantum random walks, a subject well surveyed in the literature we quote. For two excellent reviews, see [1, 9]. See also the recent notes [20]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Debye sources and the numerical solution of the time harmonic Maxwell equations
Authors: Epstein Charles L. , Greengard Leslie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new representation for outgoing solutions to the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations in unbounded domains in ℝ3. This representation leads to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for solving the problem of scattering from a perfect conductor, which does not suffer from spurious resonances or low‐frequency breakdown, although it requires the inversion of the scalar surface Laplacian on the domain boundary. In the course of our analysis, we give a new proof of the existence of nontrivial families of time‐harmonic solutions with vanishing normal components that arise when the boundary of the domain is not simply connected. We refer to these ask‐Neumann fields, since they generalize, to nonzero wave numbers, the classical harmonic Neumann fields. The existence ofk‐Neumann fields was established earlier by Kress. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coupling Interactions between Sulfurous Acid and the Hydroperoxyl Radical
Authors: Li Ping , Ma Zhi‐Ying , Wang Wei‐Hua , Shen Zhi‐Tao , Bi Si‐Wei , Sun Hai‐Tao , Bu Yu‐Xiang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRadical–molecule complexes associated with the hydroperoxyl radical (HOO) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Herein, the nature of the coupling interactions between sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and the HOO radical is systematically investigated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory in combination with the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, the natural bond orbital (NBO) method, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA). Eight stable stationary points possessing double H‐bonding features were located on the H2SO3⋅⋅⋅HOO potential energy surface. The largest binding energies of −12.27 and −11.72 kcal mol−1are observed for the two most stable complexes, where both of them possess strong double intermolecular H‐bonds of partially covalence. Moreover, the characteristics of the IR spectra for the two most stable complexes are discussed to provide some help for their possible experimental identification.
Relating therapy for people who hear voices: perspectives from clients, family members, referrers and therapists
Authors: Hayward Mark , Fuller Ella 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCurrent psychological models of voice hearing emphasise the personal meaning that individuals attribute to the voice hearing experience. Recent developments in theory and research have highlighted the importance of the relationship between the hearer and the voice. This study aims to contribute to this area of research, by exploring the experience and usefulness of a new form of ‘Relating Therapy’ that aims to modify distressing relationships with voices.Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ten participants and explored the experience and usefulness of a pilot of Relating Therapy: three therapists, three voice hearers, two relatives and two referrers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three themes that emerged from the analysis are presented for discussion: engaging with the therapeutic model; developing a new relating style; and how change is described and defined by participants.This study is consistent with the growing body of theory and research that highlights the interpersonal nature of the voice hearing experience. It also offers tentative support for a therapeutic framework that aims to modify distressing relationships with voices as a means of bringing about positive change. Clinical implications and areas for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Conceptualising the voice hearing experience within a relational framework may be normalising, hopeful and helpful for some clients.• Similarities exist between social relationships and the relationship with the voice.• Therapy that aims to modify distressing relationships with voices may be of benefit for some voice hearers.
An investigation into the experience of self‐conscious emotions in individuals with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and non‐psychiatric controls
Authors: Highfield Julie , Markham Dominic , Skinner Martin , Neal Adrian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere has been little research into the association of shame and other self‐conscious emotions in bipolar disorder, although there is evidence linking shame to various psychopathologies.Objectives: This research investigates the levels of shame in individuals with bipolar disorder.Design and Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to compare 24 individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder to a clinical control group of 18 individuals with unipolar depression, and 23 age‐matched non‐psychiatric controls on measures of mood (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] and Self Report Manic Inventory [SRMI]) and of self‐conscious emotions (Internalized Shame Scale and Test of Self‐Conscious Affect).Results: Higher levels of trait shame and lower guilt‐proneness were found in the bipolar group. Higher levels of shame‐proneness were found in the unipolar group in comparison to the bipolar and control groups. BDI scores positively correlated with trait shame and shame‐proneness, and accounted for a large proportion of the variance in these scores. SRMI scores positively correlated with trait (internalized) shame and negatively correlated with guilt‐proneness.Conclusions: There was evidence for the presence of shame within bipolar disorder, but this differed to the evidence for shame in individuals with unipolar depression. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Evidence suggests that cognitive–behavioural therapy is not effective in individuals with bipolar disorder with more than 12 illness episodes.• Shame has been elucidated as a factor is some chronic mental health problems, including depression.• Compassionate mind training has recently been developed to address experience of shame and is designed as an adjunct to cognitive–behavioural approaches.• This paper finds evidence for the presence of shame within bipolar disorder, but with a different manifestation than that found in individuals with depression.• This suggests that clinicians should consider shame as a factor for exploration within therapy, possibly using compassionate mind therapy, and its inclusion may improve on therapeutic outcome.