bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Openhole Gravel-Pack Case Histories Using Alternative Fluid Displacement for Synthetic-Based Mud
Authors: Ripa G.. , Rossi M.. , Staltari D.. , Ilobi M.. , Lawal I.. , Beldongar M.. , Douglas T.. , Wassouf P.. , Jones A.. , Parlar M.. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Openhole gravel packing is one of the popular completion techniques in challenging, high-transmissibility reservoirs. Many of such wells are drilled with synthetic fluids and completed with either a single- or a two-trip technique.
In single-trip approaches, the entire wellbore is displaced to water-based fluids before running screens and subsequent gravel packing. Although successful in some cases, this technique has been problematic in reactive-shale environments because of problems in screen installation to target depth, resulting from shale swelling and/or collapse. Such problems led operators to a two-trip approach in which a predrilled liner is installed in synthetic-based mud (SBM), displacements are performed to water-based fluids, and the screens are run in a solids-free (SF) water-based-fluids environment, followed by gravel packing. In recent years, another approach was introduced, in which the displacements to water-based fluids are performed after the screens are installed in conditioned mud and the packer is set, followed by gravel packing with a water-based fluid. Although this approach eliminates the difficulties associated with screen installation as well as allowing a single-trip completion (no predrilled liner), it cannot be used in cases where conditioning is impractical.
In this paper, we present case histories where screens were installed after the open hole was displaced to a solids-free SBM and the cased hole was displaced to completion brine, and gravel packing was performed using a water-based carrier fluid. This approach provides a cost-effective alternative to displacement of the entire wellbore to SF-SBM as well as eliminating the risk of screen plugging, and it was implemented successfully on two oil producers in Oyo field. Details of design, execution, and evaluation for drilling and completion stages, as well as well productivity measures, are provided.
Statistical Analysis of Safety Incidents and the Implications of Imperfect Reporting
Authors: Jablonowski C.J.. J. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Quantitative models of safety incidence allow managers to connect risk factors and elements of the safety management system (SMS) (e.g., risk-management practices, inspection protocols, processes for reporting unsafe conditions) to outcomes. The results provide evidence that can be used to allocate resources to those incident-prevention efforts with the largest benefit/cost ratios. However, conventional methods of statistical and regression analysis of safety incidents do not account for the fact that not all incidents are reported. By relying on conventional methods, it is possible that resources are being misallocated, and that the industry is missing opportunities for improvement. This paper specifies nonconventional regression models that explicitly account for imperfect reporting. The methods are applied to an operator-provided data set of safety incidents. The analysis indicates which variables contribute to changes in incidence, which contribute to imperfect reporting, and which contribute to both. While all of the results of the case study are not generalizable, they clearly demonstrate the incremental value of a more complete model of safety incidence and reporting behavior.
Assessing Gas Lift Capability To Support Asset Design
Authors: Hall James W. , Jaralla Mubarak A.M. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Qatar Petroleum (QP) produces hydrocarbons from the onshore Dukhan field and two offshore oil fields (Bul Hanine and Maydan Mahzam). After producing through natural flow for an extended period, pressure depletion and water influx have led to the use of artificial lift. The lift method of choice in QP-operated oil fields is continuous-flow gas lift, for both technical and economic reasons.
The time of transition from natural flow to artificial lift for an oil field presents significant challenges and also great opportunity. A number of aspects of the operation need to be updated to suit the new conditions imposed by artificial-lift requirements. Successful adaptation to the new requirements delivers great benefit. Similarly, failure to determine and adapt to the new requirements can lead to early abandonment of a field. The task of determining the requirements for the organization, people, systems, and hardware is facilitated by a structured multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best results.
In order to evaluate the existing capabilities in the field of gas lift, a team of technical specialists conducts a series of interviews with selected staff. The goal of these interviews is first to establish the current perceived capability in gas lift across the stakeholder directorates. After establishing this current state perception, those interviewed are then asked to articulate their vision of where the organization should be in the future to achieve maximum recovery/benefit from the producing assets. This methodology has been applied successfully for other initiatives in the recent past.
After reconciling the differences between perceived "As-Is" and actual state, and reconciling perceived "To-Be" with technically feasible targets, a "road map" is developed. The road map outlines the path to development of capability related to organization, people, systems, and hardware to deliver the vision for long-term gas lift production of the assets. The combined road-map elements define specific functionality that is incorporated into the design of the facilities.
This integrated, multidisciplinary approach facilitates communication between organizational segments and supports the inclusion of critical components in the design and operational practices of the new infrastructure to support gas lift operations. Facilities designed with consideration for the long-term goals of the business will serve to reduce operating costs; reduce health, safety, and environmental (HSE) exposure; and improve ultimate recovery.
An Examination of Risk Factors for Readmission to Acute Adult Mental Health Services Within 28 Days of Discharge in the Australian Setting
Authors: Callaly Tom , Trauer Tom , Hyland Mary , Coombs Tim , Berk Michael 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors associated with readmission within 28 days of discharge from eight Australian adult acute mental health inpatient services. Method: A detailed file audit was conducted comparing 222 patients readmitted within 28 days of discharge with 253 patients not readmitted during the same period. Results: There was an association between early readmission and having had contact with the service in the previous 12 months (51% vs 21%), having been admitted in the previous 12 months (65% vs 36%), and having been diagnosed with an emotionally unstable personality disorder (14% vs 4%). Those who were not readmitted had a significantly higher score in the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales on index admission than those who were readmitted. Those who had community team contact on the day of discharge and those who received follow up by the mental health team within 7 days of discharge were more likely to be readmitted (55% vs 45% and 29% vs 19% respectively). Conclusions: Significant determinants of early readmission identified were a history of recent previous admissions and a diagnosis of unstable personality disorder. The usefulness of this performance measure to Area Mental Health Services and clinicians is discussed.
The Early Motherhood Service: An Acceptable and Accessible Perinatal Mental Health Service
Authors: Judd Fiona , Stafford Lesley , Gibson Penelope , Ahrens Jennifer 
Published: June 2011

Objectives: The aims of this paper are to quantify the effect of an innovative perinatal mental health program, the Early Motherhood Service, to identify factors contributing to its success, and to make recommendations as to its general applicability across other rural services. Method: The study involved stakeholder evaluation, analysis of available outcome data and analysis of consumer feedback data. Results: Service functions were grouped into four key areas: increasing awareness of perinatal mental health problems; providing information and advice; providing treatment and support; and education, training and capacity building. Women accessing the service showed significant improvement in outcomes as measured by change over time in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale. Consumer feedback demonstrated that the service was highly valued. Key factors identified as contributing to the service's success were broad coverage of perinatal mental health problems; inclusion of early intervention and prevention; outreach capacity; partnership with, support for and capacity building of other health providers; a location which is accessible and non-stigmatizing; and staff comprising senior and skilled clinicians. Conclusions: The Early Motherhood Service is an innovative perinatal mental health service. It provides a useful model for the development of such services in rural communities.
The Multiple Uses of Routine Mental Health Outcome Measures in Australia and New Zealand: Experiences From the Field
Authors: Coombs Tim , Stapley Kathy , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the way in which particular Australian and New Zealand mental health services are making use of routine outcome data to foster clinical improvements for consumers. Method: We invited individuals who are responsible for implementing outcome data collection across the two countries to describe exemplary practices occurring within their own services, and present the resultant information in the form of case studies. Results: Outcome measurement is being used to guide clinical decision-making, engage consumers in treatment, foster a collaborative approach to care planning and goal setting, review consumers’ progress with treatment, inform questions about consumers’ eligibility for given programs, assist with discharge planning, improve the evidence-base on which services are founded, and evaluate particular models of service delivery. Conclusions: A number of mental health services are deriving useful information from routine outcome measurement, and using this to guide clinical practice. The examples provided here may offer some lessons for other services wishing to make better use of outcome data, and there may be some opportunities for the sharing of resources or infrastructure. Services that are already using outcome data to inform their clinical activities, and services that are keen to do so, will need ongoing support.
Benchmarking the Cost Efficiency of Community Care in Australian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: Implications for Future Benchmarking
Authors: Furber Gareth , Brann Peter , Skene Clive , Allison Stephen 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to benchmark the cost efficiency of community care across six child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) drawn from different Australian states. Method: Organizational, contact and outcome data from the National Mental Health Benchmarking Project (NMHBP) data-sets were used to calculate cost per “treatment hour” and cost per episode for the six participating organizations. We also explored the relationship between intake severity as measured by the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) and cost per episode. Results: The average cost per treatment hour was $223, with cost differences across the six services ranging from a mean of $156 to $273 per treatment hour. The average cost per episode was $3349 (median $1577) and there were significant differences in the CAMHS organizational medians ranging from $388 to $7076 per episode. HoNOSCA scores explained at best 6% of the cost variance per episode. Conclusions: These large cost differences indicate that community CAMHS have the potential to make substantial gains in cost efficiency through collaborative benchmarking. Benchmarking forums need considerable financial and business expertise for detailed comparison of business models for service provision.
REVIEWS
Authors: MATSUDA PAUL KEI 
Published: June 2011

Book reviewed in this article:TESOL Quarterly welcomes evaluative reviews of publications relevant to TESOL professionals. In addition to textbooks and reference materials, these include computer and video software, testing instruments, and other forums of nonprint materials.Maintaining Control: Autonomy and Language Learning Richard Pemberton, Sarah Toogood, and Andy BarfieldConstructivist Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Adelman Sharon Reyes and Trina Lynn ValloneEnglish Language Learners: The Essential Guide David Freeman and Yvonne Freeman
Bamboo fibers @ poly(ethylene glycol)‐reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biocomposites
Authors: Bao Le , Chen Yiwang , Zhou Weihua , Wu Yang , Huang Yulan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)‐ (PPEGMA)‐grafted bamboo fiber (BF) (BF@PPEGMA) was successfully synthesized via the esterification and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods. The poly(butylenes succinate) (PBS) matrix‐based composites including BF and BF@PPEGMA were prepared by a twin‐screw extruder. The structure, morphology, as well as the properties of BF@PPEGMA and composites was investigated. The results indicated that PPEGMA was successfully grafted onto the BF surfaces, making BF surfaces rough and less thermally stable. The BF@PPEGMA showed of stronger interactions with PBS matrix than pristine BF, leading to the improvement of tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the composites. The PBS/BF@PPEGMA composites absorbed less water than PBS/BF composites due to the existence of less content of hydroxyl groups after surface modification. Incorporation of BF and BF@PPEGMA facilitated the crystallization of PBS at higher temperatures, leading to formation of regular spherulites without appearance of transcrystallization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Limited benefit of joint estimation in multi‐agent iterative learning
Authors: Schoellig Angela P. , Alonso‐Mora Javier , D'Andrea Raffaello 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper studies iterative learning control (ILC) in a multi‐agent framework, wherein a group of agents simultaneously and repeatedly perform the same task. Assuming similarity between the agents, we investigate whether exchanging information between the agents improves an individual's learning performance. That is, does an individual agent benefit from the experience of the other agents? We consider the multi‐agent iterative learning problem as a two‐step process of: first, estimating the repetitive disturbance of each agent; and second, correcting for it. We present a comparison of an agent's disturbance estimate in the case of (I) independent estimation, where each agent has access only to its own measurement, and (II) joint estimation, where information of all agents is globally accessible. When the agents are identical and noise comes from measurement only, joint estimation yields a noticeable improvement in performance. However, when process noise is encountered or when the agents have an individual disturbance component, the benefit of joint estimation is negligible.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Using collaborative annotating and data mining on formative assessments to enhance learning efficiency
Authors: Lin Jian‐Wei , Lai Yuan‐Cheng 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis research applies the techniques of collaborative annotating and data mining into formative assessments and further develops an annotation‐sharing and intelligent formative assessment (ASIFA) system as an auxiliary Web learning tool. The collaborative annotating technique is based on collaborative annotations made by peers while the data mining technique is used to identify the learning bottlenecks suffered by most students on a formative assessment. The ASIFA system combines these two techniques, deemed as scaffolding learning, to furnish students with adequate annotations to clarify their confused concepts on formative assessments and to further improve their learning achievements on summative assessments. Finally, some experiments are conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system and investigate the effects of the students' behaviors of inputting and reviewing annotations on learning achievements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:364–374, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20561
An axonemal PP2A B‐subunit is required for PP2A localization and flagellar motility
Authors: Elam Candice A. , Wirschell Maureen , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Fox Laura. A. , York Kerry , Kamiya Ritsu , Dutcher Susan K. , Sale Winfield S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnalysis of Chlamydomonas axonemes revealed that the protein phosphatase, PP2A, is localized to the outer doublet microtubules and is implicated in regulation of dynein‐driven motility. We tested the hypothesis that PP2A is localized to the axoneme by a specialized, highly conserved 55‐kDa B‐type subunit identified in the Chlamydomonas flagellar proteome. The B‐subunit gene is defective in the motility mutant pf4. Consistent with our hypothesis, both the B‐ and C‐ subunits of PP2A fail to assemble in pf4 axonemes, while the dyneins and other axonemal structures are fully assembled in pf4 axonemes. Two pf4 intragenic revertants were recovered that restore PP2A to the axonemes and re‐establish nearly wild‐type motility. The revertants confirmed that the slow‐swimming Pf4 phenotype is a result of the defective PP2A B‐subunit. These results demonstrate that the axonemal B‐subunit is, in part, an anchor protein required for PP2A localization and that PP2A is required for normal ciliary motility. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trans fatty acid isomers and the trans‐9/trans‐11 index in fat containing foods
Authors: Kuhnt Katrin , Baehr Melanie , Rohrer Carsten , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo determine trans fatty acid (TFA) distribution of contemporary foods, especially regarding individual trans octadecenoic acids (trans C18:1), 339 German foods of six categories (semi‐solid fats, deep‐fried potato products, bakery products, confectioneries, instant products and butter) were analysed using two GC methods. Results showed a high variation of TFA content between and within the categories containing between 0 and 40.5% of FAME except in butter, which is a source of natural TFA. The mean TFA values were below 2.0% of FAME, however, bakery products contained 4.5% and butter fat 3.2%, respectively. In addition, the distribution of individual trans C18:1 differed. In samples containing ruminant fat (butter and various confectioneries), vaccenic acid (t11‐C18:1, t11) predominated, while in foods containing industrially hydrogenated fats, elaidic acid (trans‐9, t9‐) and t10‐C18:1 were the major trans isomers.. This was reflected by a low t9/t11 index of 0.3 and 0.5 in butter and ruminant fat containing confectioneries, respectively, whilst the highest index was observed in shortenings and deep‐fried potato products at 5.2 and 6.8, respectively. In conclusion, the TFA content of foods available on the German market is generally declining, but substantial variations are present. The t9/t11 index could be used as an indicator to determine ruminant fat.Practical applications: A number of studies provide evidence that a high TFA intake, particularly of industrial origin, adversely affects human health. The TFA content of foods could be reduced due to the introduction of several mandatory regulations and modifications regarding the hydrogenation process of oils. The most abundant dietary TFA are the isomers of trans C18:1. Unfortunately, the differentiation of these isomers is not yet very common, though the trans C18:1 profile differs depending on its origin (bacterial hydrogenation in the rumen or industrial hydrogenation). To date, data for TFA content including the trans C18:1 profile of different food categories are limited. The present study confirmed that the TFA contents in German foods are declining. However, TFA are still elevated, especially in bakery products and confectioneries, which are produced using mainly industrial but also ruminant fats. Therefore, the t9/t11 index imparts important information on the source of TFA in processed foods.
Shikonin‐loaded liposomes as a new drug delivery system: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: Kontogiannopoulos Konstantinos N. , Assimopoulou Andreana N. , Dimas Konstantinos , Papageorgiou Vassilios P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlkannin and shikonin are naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinones with a well‐established spectrum of wound healing, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Recently, extensive scientific effort has been focused on their effectiveness on several tumors and mechanism(s) of antitumor activity. Liposomes have been proved as adequate drug carriers offering significant advantages over conventional formulations, such as controlled release and targeted drug delivery, leading to the appearance of several liposomal formulations in the market, some of them concerning anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study was to prepare shikonin‐loaded liposomes for the first time in order to enhance shikonin therapeutic index. An optimized technique based on the thin film hydration method was developed and liposomes characterization was performed in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, drug entrapment efficiency, and release profile. Results indicated the successful incorporation of shikonin into liposomes, using both 1,2‐dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and egg phosphatidylcholine lipids. Liposomes presented good physicochemical characteristics, high entrapment efficiency and satisfactory in vitro release profile. In vitro cytotoxicity of liposomes was additionally tested against three human cancer cell lines (breast, glioma, and non‐small cell lung cancer) showing a moderate growth inhibitory activity.Practical applications: Shikonin is a naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinone and extensive scientific research (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials) has been conducted during the last years, focusing on its effectiveness on several tumors and mechanism(s) of antitumor action. The purpose of this work was to prepare and characterize shikonin‐loaded liposomes as a new drug delivery system for shikonin. Liposomal formulations provide significant advantages over conventional dosage forms, such as controlled release and targeted drug delivery for anticancer agents. Thus, liposomes could reduce shikonin's side effects, enhance selectivity to cancer cells and protect shikonin from internal biotransformations and instability matters (oxidization and polymerization). Furthermore, liposomal delivery helps overcome the low aqueous solubility of shikonin, which is the major barrier to its oral and internal administration, since it cannot be dissolved and further absorbed from the receptor.