bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Vertical Resolution of Analysis Data on the Estimates of Large-Scale Inertio-Gravity Energy
Authors: Žagar Nedjeljka , Terasaki Koji , Tanaka Hiroshi L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the large-scale inertio-gravity (IG) wave energy in the operational ECMWF analyses in July 2007. Energy percentages of the IG waves obtained from the standard-pressure-level data are compared to those derived from various discretizations of the model-level data. The results show a small albeit systematic increase of the IG energy percentage as the vertical level density increases from the standard-pressure levels toward the model-level density; the small relative change is explained by the sufficient vertical resolution to resolve the large-scale IG waves in the tropics that make the majority of the global IG energy on large scales. A relatively larger increase of the IG energy is obtained when the mesospheric model levels are included; however, the analyses at these levels in July 2007 are less reliable. Furthermore, two numerical methods for the normal-mode function (NMF) decomposition are shown to provide similar results. The decomposition of atmospheric analyses into the NMF series is proposed as a tool to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the large-scale equatorial waves and their role in global energetics.
Increased Systemic Exposure of Fimasartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, by Ketoconazole and Rifampicin
Authors: Kim Jung Won , Yi SoJeong , Kim Tae‐Eun , Lim Kyoung Soo , Yoon Seo Hyun , Cho Joo‐Youn , Lee Min Goo , Song Im‐Sook , Shin Sang‐Goo , Jang In‐Jin , Yu Kyung‐Sang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe authors studied the effects of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fimasartan (BR‐A‐657), a newly developed angiotensin II receptor antagonist for the treatment of hypertension, in 22 healthy participants. Ketoconazole increased the maximumplasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration vs time curve to infinity (AUC⧝ of fimasartan by 2.47‐fold (90% confidence interval [CI], 1.61‐3.79) and 2.03‐fold (1.56‐2.64), respectively. Concomitant administration of rifampicin increased the Cmax and AUC∞ of fimasartan by 10.33‐fold (90% CI, 6.74‐15.81) and 4.60‐fold (3.54‐5.97). In vitro studies indicated that ketoconazole inhibited the uptake of fimasartan into cells expressing OATP1B1 with a Ki of 107.7 µM, and rifampicin inhibited OAT1‐ and OATP1B1‐mediated fimasartan transport with a Ki of 212 µM and 12.2 µM, respectively. The systemic exposure of fimasartan was significantly increased by coadministration of ketoconazole or rifampicin in healthy volunteers. This is consistent with the in vitro results, in which fimasartan is a substrate of CYP3A and OATP1B1.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) specifies emerging lympho-hematopoietic progenitors in the human embryo
Authors: Sinka Lidia , Biasch Katia , Khazaal Ibrahim , Péault Bruno , Tavian Manuela 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAdult-type lympho-myeloid hematopoietic progenitors are first generated in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region between days 27 and 40 of human embryonic development, but an elusive blood forming potential is present earlier in the underlying splanchnopleura. In the present study, we show that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, also known as CD143), a recently identified cell-surface marker of adult human hematopoietic stem cells, is already expressed in all presumptive and developing blood-forming tissues of the human embryo and fetus: para-aortic splanchnopleura, yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros, liver, and bone marrow (BM). Fetal liver and BM-derived CD34+ACE+ cells, but not CD34+ACE− cells, are endowed with long-term culture-initiating cell potential and sustain multilineage hematopoietic cell engraftment when transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, from 23-26 days of development, ACE expression characterizes rare CD34−CD45− cells concentrated in the hemogenic portion of the para-aortic splanchnopleura. ACE+ cells sorted from the splanchnopleura generated colonies of hematopoietic cells more than 40 times more frequently than ACE− cells. These data suggest that, in addition to being a marker of adult human hematopoietic stem cells, ACE identifies embryonic mesodermal precursors responsible for definitive hematopoiesis, and we propose that this enzyme is involved in the regulation of human blood formation.
Chelation use and iron burden in North American and British thalassemia patients: a report from the Thalassemia Longitudinal Cohort
Authors: Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Kim Hae-Young , Thompson Alexis A. , Quinn Charles T. , Mueller Brigitta U. , Odame Isaac , Giardina Patricia J. , Vichinsky Elliott P. , Boudreaux Jeanne M. , Cohen Alan R. , Porter John B. , Coates Thomas , Olivieri Nancy F. , Neufeld Ellis J. ,   for the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network
Published: January 2012

AbstractMorbidity and mortality in thalassemia are associated with iron burden. Recent advances in organ-specific iron imaging and the availability of oral deferasirox are expected to improve clinical care, but the extent of use of these resources and current chelation practices have not been well described. In the present study, we studied chelation use and the change in iron measurements in 327 subjects with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (mean entry age, 22.1 ± 2.5 years) from 2002-2011, with a mean follow-up of 8.0 years (range, 4.4-9.0 years). The predominant chelator currently used is deferasirox, followed by deferoxamine and then combination therapies. The use of both hepatic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging increased more than 5-fold (P < .001) during the study period, leading to an 80% increase in the number of subjects undergoing liver iron concentration (LIC) measurements. Overall, LIC significantly improved (median, 10.7 to 5.1 mg/g dry weight, P < .001) with a nonsignificant improvement in cardiac T2* (median, 23.55 to 34.50 ms, P = .23). The percentage of patients with markers of inadequate chelation (ferritin > 2500 ng/mL, LIC > 15 mg/g dry weight, and/or cardiac T2* < 10 ms) also declined from 33% to 26%. In summary, increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging and oral chelation in thalassemia management has likely contributed to improved iron burden.
Stable changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte miRNA expression after exposure to HIV-1
Authors: Bignami Fabio , Pilotti Elisabetta , Bertoncelli Linda , Ronzi Paola , Gulli Mariolina , Marmiroli Nelson , Magnani Giacomo , Pinti Marcello , Lopalco Lucia , Mussini Cristina , Ruotolo Roberta , Galli Massimo , Cossarizza Andrea , Casoli Claudio 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit HIV-1 expression by either modulating host innate immunity or by directly interfering with viral mRNAs. We evaluated the expression of 377 miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 élite long-term nonprogressors (éLTNPs), naive patients, and multiply exposed uninfected (MEU) patients, and we observed that the éLTNP patients clustered with naive patients, whereas all MEU subjects grouped together. The discriminatory power of miRNAs showed that 21 miRNAs significantly differentiated éLTNP from MEU patients and 23 miRNAs distinguished naive from MEU patients, whereas only 1 miRNA (miR-155) discriminated éLTNP from naive patients. We proposed that miRNA expression may discriminate between HIV-1–infected and –exposed but negative patients. Analysis of miRNAs expression after exposure of healthy CD4+ T cells to gp120 in vitro confirmed our hypothesis that a miRNA profile could be the result not only of a productive infection but also of the exposure to HIV-1 products that leave a signature in immune cells. The comparison of normalized Dicer and Drosha expression in ex vivo and in vitro condition revealed that these enzymes did not affect the change of miRNA profiles, supporting the existence of a Dicer-independent biogenesis pathway.
The clinically active BTK inhibitor PCI-32765 targets B-cell receptor– and chemokine-controlled adhesion and migration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: de Rooij Martin F. M. , Kuil Annemieke , Geest Christian R. , Eldering Eric , Chang Betty Y. , Buggy Joseph J. , Pals Steven T. , Spaargaren Marcel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSmall-molecule drugs that target the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalosome show clinical efficacy in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These agents, including the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765, display an unexpected response in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a rapid and sustained reduction of lymphadenopathy accompanied by transient lymphocytosis, which is reversible upon temporary drug deprivation. We hypothesized that this clinical response reflects impaired integrin-mediated adhesion and/or migration. Here, we show that PCI-32765 strongly inhibits BCR-controlled signaling and integrin α4β1-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM-1 of lymphoma cell lines and primary CLL cells. Furthermore, PCI-32765 also inhibits CXCL12-, CXCL13-, and CCL19-induced signaling, adhesion, and migration of primary CLL cells. Our data indicate that inhibition of BTK by PCI-32765 overcomes BCR- and chemokine-controlled integrin-mediated retention and homing of malignant B cells in their growth- and survival-supporting lymph node and bone marrow microenvironment, which results in clinically evident CLL regression.
Fixed point and weak convergence theorems for point-dependent λ-hybrid mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Huang Young-Ye , Jeng Jyh-Chung , Kuo Tian-Yuan , Hong Chung-Chien 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the fixed point and weak convergence problem for the new defined class of point-dependent λ-hybrid mappings relative to a Bregman distance D
f
in a Banach space. We at first extend the Aoyama-Iemoto-Kohsaka-Takahashi fixed point theorem for λ-hybrid mappings in Hilbert spaces in 2010 to this much wider class of nonlinear mappings in Banach spaces. Secondly, we derive an Opial-like inequality for the Bregman distance and apply it to establish a weak convergence theorem for this new class of nonlinear mappings. Some concrete examples in a Hilbert space showing that our extension is proper are also given.2010 MSC: 47H09; 47H10.
A multi-laboratory profile of Mycoplasma contamination in Lawsonia intracellularis cultures
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min , Lee Ji-Hye , Yeh Jung-Yong 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
During the routine laboratory cultivation of Lawsonia intracellularis, Mycoplasma contamination has been a frequent problem. When Mycoplasma contamination occurs in laboratories that study L. intracellularis, the cultures must be discarded for 4 reasons: 1) Mycoplasma is inevitably concentrated along with L. intracellularis during the passage of L. intracellularis; 2) Mycoplasma inhibits the growth of L. intracellularis; and 3) it is impossible to selectively eliminate Mycoplasma in L. intracellularis cultures. In this study, we observed the contamination of Mycoplasma species during L. intracellularis cultivation among multiple laboratories.

Results
The presence of a Mycoplasma infection in the L. intracellularis cultures was verified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes was performed. A PCR-based assay using genus-specific universal primers revealed that 29 (85.3%) of the 34 cultures were contaminated with Mycoplasma, including 26 with M. hyorhinis (89.2%), 2 with M. orale (6.9%), and 1 with M. fermentans (3.4%). The Mycoplasma contamination was not the result of infection with material of pig origin. McCoy cells, which are required for the cultivation of L. intracellularis, were also ruled out as the source of the Mycoplasma contamination.

Conclusions
In this study, M. hyorhinis was identified as the most common mollicute that contaminated L. intracellularis cultures. Whether L. intracellularis enhances the biological properties of Mycoplasma to promote infection in McCoy cells is not known. Because the McCoy cell line stocks that were used simultaneously were all negative for Mycoplasma, and the same worker handled both the McCoy cells to maintain the bacteria and the L. intracellularis cultures, it is possible that the L. intracellularis cultures are more vulnerable to Mycoplasma contamination. Taken together, these results suggest that continuous cultures of L. intracellularis must be tested for Mycoplasma contamination at regular intervals.
The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are JN689375 to JN689377.
Predictors of survival in a cohort of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: effect of corticosteroids, methotrexate and azathioprine
Authors: Schiopu Elena , Phillips Kristine , MacDonald Paul M , Crofford Leslie J , Somers Emily C 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are rare diseases for which data regarding the natural history, response to therapies and factors affecting mortality are needed. We performed this study to examine the effects of treatment and clinical features on survival in polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients.

Methods
A total of 160 consecutive patients (77 with polymyositis and 83 with dermatomyositis) seen at the University of Michigan from 1997 to 2003 were included. Medical records were abstracted for clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data, including initial steroid regimen and immunosuppressive use. State vital records were utilized to derive mortality and cause of death data. Survival was modeled by left-truncated Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox regression.

Results
The 5- and 10-year survival estimates were 77% (95% CI = 66 to 85), and 62% (95% CI = 48 to 73), respectively, and the rates were similar for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Survival between the sexes was similar through 5 years and significantly lower thereafter for males (10-year survival: 18% male, 73% female; P = 0.002 for 5- to 10-year interval). The sex disparity was restricted to the polymyositis group. Increased age at diagnosis and non-Caucasian race were associated with lower survival. Intravenous versus oral corticosteroid use was associated with a higher risk of death among Caucasians (HR = 10.6, 95% CI = 2.1 to 52.8). Early survival between patients treated with methotrexate versus azathioprine was similar, but survival at 10 years was higher for the methotrexate-treated group (76% vs 52%, P = 0.046 for 5- to 10-year interval).

Conclusions
Patients treated initially with intravenous corticosteroids had higher mortality, which was likely related to disease severity. Both methotrexate and azathioprine showed similar early survival benefits as first-line immunosuppressive drugs. Survival was higher between 5 and 10 years in the methotrexate-treated group, but could not be confirmed in multivariable modeling for the full follow-up period. Other important predictors of long-term survival included younger age, female sex and Caucasian race.
Evaluation of Workers Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether and Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Yoon Chungsik , Byun Hyaejeong , Kim Yangho , Park Donguk , Ha Kwonchul , Lee Sang man , Park Sungki , Chung Eunkyo 
Published: January 2012

Evaluation of Workers Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether and Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate: Jiyoung PARK, et al. Institute of Health and Environment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea—ObjectivesEthylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (EGMEA) are widely used in industries as solvents for coatings, paint and ink, but exposure data are limited because they are minor components out of mixed solvents, as well as because of inconsistency in desorption solvent use. The objective of this study was to investigate the worker exposure profile of EGME and EGMEA.MethodsOur study investigated 27 workplaces from June to September 2008 and detected EGME and EGMEA in 20 and 13, respectively. Both personal and area sampling were conducted using a charcoal tube to collect EGME and EGMEA. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was used to analyze these compounds after desorption using a mixture of methylene chloride and methanol.ResultsThe arithmetic mean concentrations of EGME and EGMEA during periods of full work shifts were 2.59 ppm and 0.33 ppm, respectively. The exposure levels were lower than the Korean Ministry of Labor (MOL) OEL (5 ppm) but higher than the ACGIH TLV (0.1 ppm).ConclusionsIn general, the working environments were poor and required much improvement, including the use of personal protective equipment. Only 50% of the workplaces had local exhaust ventilation systems in operation. The average capture velocity of the operating local exhaust ventilation systems was 0.27 m/s, which did not meet the legal requirement of 0.5 m/s. Educating workers to clearly understand the handling and use of hazardous chemicals and improving working conditions are strongly suggested.
Optimization of phase-locked arrays geometry for high brightness laser systems
Authors: Sobczak G. , Maląg A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe emitted beam far field (FF) distributions of phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays (PLA) made them an interesting candidate for high-brightness light sources. Variations of geometrical parameters of PLA have great influence on their far-field characteristics. This paper presents a review of FF distribution variations induced by such parameters as width and number of active stripes as well as stripe spacing. We also present a description of predicting an operation mode of designed PLA and some limitations in designed geometry of high-brightness PLA are shown as well.
Fluid inclusion studies in datolite of low grade metamorphic origin from a Jurassic pillow basalt series in northeastern Hungary
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Molnár Ferenc , Zaccarini Federica 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The Jurassic pillow basalt blocks in the Szarvaskő Unit in the SW-Bükk Mountains are incorporated into an accretionary mélange of Cretaceous age which had been displaced from the Dinarides to NE-Hungary during the Alpine-Carpathian collision. The pillow basalt series is a part of an incomplete remnant of an ophiolite-like sequence from which ultramafic units and sheeted dikes are almost completely absent. At the studied Egerbakta quarry, closely packed pillow, pillow fragmented hyaloclastite breccia and peperitic facies of submarine basaltic volcanism were recognized. Peperitic facies was formed by local admixture of unconsolidated siliciclastic sediment into the basaltic lava. Basaltic pillows contains short and thin prehnite-chlorite-carbonate-quartz veins formed during the interaction of seawater with the cooling lava, as well as cross-cutting datolite-prehnite-quartzchlorite-albite bearing veins. Calcite in the short cooling cracks crystallised from upheated seawater at around 160°C temperature and 0.5–0.6 kbar pressure (water depth of about 5–6 km). Datolite precipitations in veins can be classified into at least three different textural-morphological types but all of them contain methane bearing primary fluid inclusion assemblages, with variable methane/water ratios, suggesting an inhomogeneous entrapment from a heterogeneous aqueous-carbonic fluid. End member primary fluid inclusions contain aqueous liquid with methane rich vapour phase and apparently methane only inclusions characterized by liquid phase on room temperature. A combination of results from fluid inclusion microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy (used not only for phase identification but also for determination of salinities) and temperatures calculated from chlorite compositions, show that the precipitation of datolite had taken place from low salinity (0.2–2 NaCl equiv. mass%) aqueous-methane fluids under increasing temperature and pressure (from 160 to 210°C, and from 0.6 to 1.1 kbar) conditions. The elevated pressures and temperatures in comparison to the submarine hydrothermal processes suggest that the datolite bearing mineral parageneses had been formed during the progression of Alpine very low grade metamorphic processes.
Computed tomography–based determination of a safe trajectory for placement of transarticular facet screws in the subaxial cervical spine
Authors: Jost Gregory F. , Bisson Erica F. , Schmidt Meic H. 
Published: January 2012

Object
Placement of transarticular facet screws is one option for stabilization of the subaxial cervical spine. Small clinical series and biomechanical data support their role as a substitute for other posterior stabilization techniques; however, the application of transarticular facet screws in the subaxial cervical spine has not been widely adopted, possibly because of surgeon unfamiliarity with the trajectory. In this study, the authors' objective is to define insertion points and angles of safe trajectory for transarticular facet screw placement in the subaxial cervical spine.

Methods
Thirty fine-cut CT scans of cervical spines were reconstructed in the multiplanar mode and evaluated for safe transarticular screw placement in the subaxial cervical spine (C2–3, C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, C6–7). As in placement of lateral mass screws, the vertebral artery and exiting nerve root were bypassed posterolaterally. The entry point was set 1 mm medial and 1 mm caudal to the center of the lateral mass. From this entry point, the sagittal angulation was set to traverse the facet joint plane approximately perpendicularly. For the axial angulation, the exit point was set posterolaterally to the transverse process. After ideal insertion angles and screw lengths were identified, the trajectory was simulated on CT scans of 20 different cervical spines to confirm safe screw placement.

Results
The mean optimal mediolateral insertion angles (± SD) were as follows: 23° ± 5° at C2–3; 24° ± 4° at C3–4; 25° ± 5° at C4–5; 25° ± 4° at C5–6; and 33° ± 6° at C6–7. The mean sagittal insertion angles measured to the sagittal projection of the facet joint space were as follows: 77° ± 10° at C2–3; 77° ± 10° at C3–4; 80° ± 11° at C4–5; 81°± 8° at C5–6; and 100° ± 11° at C6–7. The mean trajectory lengths were 15 ± 2 mm at C2–3; 14 ± 1 mm at C3–4; 15 ± 1 mm at C4–5; 16 ± 2 mm at C5–6; and 23 ± 4 mm at C6–7. Simulation of these insertion angles on 20 different cervical spine CTs yielded a safe trajectory in 85%–95% of spines for C2–3, C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7.

Conclusions
The calculated optimal insertion angles and lengths for each level may guide the safe placement of subaxial cervical transfacet screws.