bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting growth hormone abuse in athletes
Authors: Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is widespread anecdotal evidence that growth hormone (GH) is used by athletes for its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Although GH is on the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances, the detection of abuse with GH is challenging. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH abuse. The first is based on the measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the second is based on the measurement of markers of GH action.Pituitary GH contains multiple isoforms whereas recombinant human GH comprises solely the 22‐kDa isoform. Immunoassays that recognize the different isoforms have been developed and form the basis of the test introduced by WADA at the Athens Olympic Games. To date, no athlete has tested positive.The GH‐2000 project proposed a test based on the measurement of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and type III pro‐collagen (P‐III‐P) as these markers increase in a dose‐dependent manner in response to GH and their basal concentration varies much less than GH. When combined with discriminant function analysis, these markers were able to differentiate between those taking GH and placebo in double‐blind placebo controlled trials. Subsequent studies have shown that the test is applicable across different ethnicities and is unaffected by injury. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrazole Complexes and Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Pérez Julio , Riera Lucía 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis Microreview deals with the supramolecular chemistry of pyrazole metal complexes, in particular, complexes of pyrazoles with a nonsubstituted N–H group, which are able to engage in hydrogen bonding. The most pertinent general features of pyrazoles, in comparison with other heterocycles that are also popular ligands, and some aspects of the supramolecular chemistry of free pyrazoles are also included. In addition to the general supramolecular chemistry of pyrazole complexes, sections of this Microreview are devoted to liquid crystals, self‐assembled species, and hosts for anions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Generation and Reactivity of 1,2‐Cyclohexadiene under Mild Reaction Conditions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 32/2009)
Authors: Quintana Iago , Peña Diego , Pérez Dolores , Guitián Enrique 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows a cyclohexallene‐based starry night over the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in northwest Spain. 1,2‐Cyclohexadiene is a highly reactive cyclic allene that is usually generated by the use of strong bases or highly nucleophilic reagents, and this limits its scope. Herein we described an improved method to generate this molecule by fluoride‐induced β‐elimination of the corresponding 6‐(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexenyl triflate. This method allows the generation of this strained cyclic allene under mild reaction conditions and with higher efficiency than classical approaches, as demonstrated by trapping experiments based on cycloaddition reactions. Details are discussed in the article by D. Peña et al. on p. 5519 ff.
Gender differences in distributive negotiation: When in the negotiation process do the differences occur?
Authors: Miles Edward W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study tested whether the degree of association among aspiration level, intended opening offer, actual first offer, actual counter‐offer, and final agreement was moderated by negotiator gender. Results show that gender does moderate the association between the predictor variable of intended opening offer and the criterion variable of actual first offer and the relationship between intended opening offer and actual counter‐offer. Interesting, this latter association was statistically non‐significant for women and statistically significant for men. These results suggest that gender differences disadvantaging women seem to manifest with the actual first offer and the actual counter‐offer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Cesium on Nickel Hexacyanoferrate‐Aluminum Oxide Modified Electrodes
Authors: Delgado Luis , Carrero Hermes , Fernández Lenys 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis report investigates the electrochemical behavior of hexacyanoferrate casted on Ni‐Al2O3 modified electrodes and the preconcentration and detection of cesium ions on such films. It also studies the morphology and the composition of these surfaces. The film was grown on a glassy carbon (GC) surface. Five consecutive voltammetric cycles applied within 0.0 V and −1.6 V at a scan rate of 10 mV/s were enough to cast the film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed a homogeneous, porous but broken surface of the film. Its composition was studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of NiHCFe was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The Cs+ preconcentration from diluted solutions was accomplished in 90 s, under a negative potential of −0.20 V applied to the modified working electrode. The detection of cesium has a good sensitivity and a wide linear interval (10−8 and 10−12 mol L−1). Even so, the limit of detection calculated was extremely low (2×10−16 mol L−1), cesium concentrations lower than 10−12 mol L−1 gave signals with no analytical significance. However, to our knowledge, this is the lowest level of cesium ever detected by an electroanalytical technique.
Simultaneous Determination of Tyrosine and Histidine by Differential Pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry Using H‐point Standard Addition Method in Tap and Seawater
Authors: Shahlaei Mohsen , Gholivand Mohammad Bagher , Pourhossein Alireza 
Published: October 2009

AbstractH‐point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been applied for simultaneous determination of tyrosine and histidine in trace levels using copper ions by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. The amino acids‐Cu(II) complexes were accumulated onto the surface of a hanging mercury drop electrode for 40 s. The reduction peaks of preconcentrated complexes were used for simultaneous determination of amino acids in the range 8.0–180 and 30–1100 nM for tyrosine and histidine respectively. The effect of various parameters such as pH, concentration of copper, accumulation time and scan rate on the selectivity were studied. Under the optimized conditions the method was successfully applied for determination of tyrosine and histidine in synthetic and real samples.
Analytical fragility analysis of southern Illinois wall pier supported highway bridges
Authors: Bignell John , LaFave James 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn analytical fragility analysis was conducted in order to characterize the seismic vulnerability of existing southern Illinois wall pier supported highway bridges to potential earthquakes. To perform this fragility analysis, a detailed inventory survey was first taken of the wall pier bridges identified in an earlier random sampling of southern Illinois priority emergency route bridges. From the survey three types of wall pier bridges were identified. Of those identified, hammerhead and regular wall pier supported bridges represented nearly 90% of the population. Incorporating structural variations determined from the random sample survey, nearly 100 three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element models were constructed. Each model was subjected to a randomly assigned synthetic earthquake representative of those that could potentially occur within the region. From these analyses, a series of wall pier supported bridge fragility curves were produced. In addition, a liquefaction fragility analysis was conducted in order to characterize the seismic vulnerability of southern Illinois wall pier supported highway bridge sites to liquefaction in potential earthquakes. To perform this second fragility analysis, wall pier bridges within the southern Illinois random sample that may be susceptible to liquefaction were identified. A soil profile from each of these susceptible bridge sites was then subjected to randomly assigned bedrock motions, and an Arias intensity liquefaction analysis was carried out. From these analyses, a fragility curve for the potentially liquefiable wall pier supported bridge sites was produced. Overall results of this study indicate that southern Illinois wall pier supported bridges are moderately vulnerable to structural damage in a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 year earthquake, and in some cases they could also be highly vulnerable to on‐site liquefaction events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of freezing, drying and the duration of storage on the composition of essential oils of plain‐leafed parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ssp. neapolitanum Danert] and turnip‐rooted parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ssp. tuberosum (Bernh.) Crov.]
Authors: Petropoulos Spiros A. , Daferera Dimitra , Polissiou Moschos G. , Passam Harold C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe individual amounts of volatile substances occurring in turnip‐rooted parsley leaves [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ssp. tuberosum (Bernh.) Crov.] during freezing, drying and storage are described for the first time and compared with those of plain‐leafed parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ssp. neapolitanum Danert]. Plain‐leafed parsley had a higher total oil content (mg/100 g fresh weight) than turnip‐rooted parsley, and was richer in β‐phellandrene, 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene, apiole and myristicin, compounds that are considered to make a major contribution to parsley aroma. Freezing caused a slight reduction in the concentrations of β‐phellandrene and 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene in plain‐leafed parsley, while drying caused a large decrease in 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene and an increase in β‐phellandrene. In turnip‐rooted parsley the concentrations of 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene, and to a lesser extent β‐phellandrene, also decreased with freezing, but 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene increased with drying. Subsequent storage of the frozen or dried leaves caused a further loss of 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene in all samples except the frozen leaves of turnip‐rooted parsley. In the frozen state, the loss of 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene in plain‐leafed parsley coincided with an increase in apiole, myristicin, p‐α‐dimethylstyrene and terpinolene, whereas in turnip‐rooted parsley β‐myrcene and β‐phellandrene increased without a concomitant change in 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene. In the dried state, 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene decreased progressively over 2 months in turnip‐rooted parsley, while β‐phellandrene and, to a lesser extent, β‐myrcene, p‐α‐dimethylstyrene and terpinolene increased. In the dried leaves of plain‐leafed parsley, the loss of 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene observed between the first and second months of storage coincided with increases in β‐phellandrene and β‐myrcene. It is concluded that the essential oil profile of parsley leaves depends on both the genotype and the processing method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regime‐switching in stock index and Treasury futures returns and measures of stock market stress
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Connolly Robert A. , Stivers Chris 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigate bivariate regime‐switching in daily futures‐contract returns for the US stock index and ten‐year Treasury notes over the crisis‐rich 1997–2005 period. We allow the return means, volatilities, and correlation to all vary across regimes. We document a striking contrast between regimes, with a high‐stress regime that exhibits a much higher stock volatility, a much lower stock–bond correlation, and a higher mean bond return. The high‐stress regime is associated with higher average values of stock‐implied volatility, stock illiquidity, and stock and bond futures trading volume. The lagged implied volatility from equity‐index options is useful in modeling the time‐varying transition probabilities of the regime‐switching process. Our findings support the notions that: (1) stock market stress can have a material influence on Treasury bond pricing, and (2) the diversification benefits of combined stock–bond holdings tend to be greater during times with relatively high stock market stress. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:753–779, 2010
Do the dose or route of administration of norethisterone acetate as a part of hormone therapy play a role in risk of breast cancer: National‐wide case‐control study from Finland
Authors: Lyytinen Heli , Dyba Tadeusz , Pukkala Eero , Ylikorkala Olavi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe examined the associations between various doses and routes of administration of norethisterone acetate (NETA) in estrogen–progestagen therapy (EPT) and the risk of breast cancer in Finland. All Finnish women with first invasive breast cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50–62 during 1995–2007 (n = 9,956) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. For each case, 3 controls of the same age were retrieved from the Finnish Population Register. The use of estradiol+NETA‐therapy by the cases and controls was traced from the national Medical Reimbursement Registry. The data were analyzed with multivariate conditional logistic regression, adjusting for parity, age at the first birth, and health care district. The continuous mode of NETA use tended to be associated with a higher rate ratio for breast cancer than the sequential use. The use of continuous “low” dose (NETA 0.5 mg + estradiol 1.0 mg) was associated with an increased rate ratio of breast cancer already in less than 3 years of use (odds ratio 1.94; 95% confidence interval 1.39–2.70) while a risk elevation for “high” dose (NETA 1.0 mg + estradiol 2.0 mg) was seen after 3 years use (1.71; 1.51–2.54). Oral and transdermal use of NETA were accompanied with comparable risks for breast cancer. In conclusion, the dose or route of administration of NETA in EPT do not modify the risks for breast cancer.
MicroRNA‐214 is aberrantly expressed in cervical cancers and inhibits the growth of HeLa cells
Authors: Yang Zuozhen , Chen Shuang , Luan Xuejing , Li Yixuan , Liu Min , Li Xin , Liu Tao , Tang Hua 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMicroRNAs are a group of endogenously expressed, single‐stranded, 18–24 nt RNAs that regulate diverse cellular pathways. Although documented evidence indicates that some microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor‐suppressors, the role of miR‐214 in regulating human cervical cancer cells remains unexplored. We determined the expression level of miR‐214 and found it is downregulated in cervical cancer compared with normal tissue. Overexpression of miR‐214 in HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line, significantly inhibited cell proliferation according to the MTT and colony forming assays. HeLa cells that stably overexpress miR‐214 downregulate the expression of MEK3 and JNK1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Further investigation revealed that miR‐214 regulates the expression of MEK3 and JNK1 by targeting the 3′UTRs of these genes. Collectively, these results suggest that miR‐214 negatively regulates HeLa cell proliferation by targeting the noncoding regions of MEK3 and JNK1 mRNAs. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(11): 1075–1082, 2009
Limited information estimation and evaluation of DSGE models
Authors: Fukač Martin , Pagan Adrian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe advance the proposition that dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models should not only be estimated and evaluated with full information methods. These require that the complete system of equations be specified properly. Some limited information analysis, which focuses upon specific equations, is therefore likely to be a useful complement to full system analysis. Two major problems occur when implementing limited information methods. These are the presence of forward‐looking expectations in the system as well as unobservable non‐stationary variables. We present methods for dealing with both of these difficulties, and illustrate the interaction between full and limited information methods using a well‐known model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysaccharide‐based vaccine delivery systems: Macromolecular assembly, interactions with antigen presenting cells, and in vivo immunomonitoring
Authors: Weber Caroline , Drogoz Alexandre , David Laurent , Domard Alain , Charles Marie‐Hélène , Verrier Bernard , Delair Thierry 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUsing a strategy of macromolecular assembly, a colloidal vaccine delivery system was obtained from chitosan and dextran sulfate and loaded with an antigenic protein (p24, the capsid protein of HIV‐1). The colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were obtained by charge neutralization of the polyanion and polycation at a charge ratio (n+/n−) of 2 (CHDS). The conditions of assembly were tuned to maintain the colloidal properties of the carrier in high salt environment. The relative molar masses of the two polyions and the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitosan were essential parameters to achieve this goal, and this could be related to the nanometric scale organization of the colloids observed by Small Angle X‐rays Scattering experiments. The binding of p24 to the colloidal carrier was achieved and the release of the antigen was investigated. Antigen presenting cells [dendritic cells (DCs)], obtained from monocytes, could internalize the colloids. Immature DCs (iDCs) were not matured by the colloidal PECs either loaded or not loaded with p24, as proved by Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis. Despite this lack of in vitro interaction, a specific immune response was observed in mice with a high production of antibodies, after subcutaneous injection. The analysis of the interleukin production shows that both the cellular and the humoral responses were stimulated. This work brings a physico‐chemical insight on polysaccharide‐based antigen delivery systems and opens up new perspectives for their use as vaccine carriers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Rooted induced trees in triangle‐free graphs
Authors: Pfender Florian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFor a graph G, let t(G) denote the maximum number of vertices in an induced subgraph of Gthat is a tree. Further, for a vertex v∈V(G), let t(G, v) denote the maximum number of vertices in an induced subgraph of Gthat is a tree, with the extra condition that the tree must contain v. The minimum of t(G) (t(G, v), respectively) over all connected triangle‐free graphs G(and vertices v∈V(G)) on nvertices is denoted by t3(n) (t(n)). Clearly, t(G, v)⩽t(G) for all v∈V(G). In this note, we solve the extremal problem of maximizing |G| for given t(G, v), given that Gis connected and triangle‐free. We show that

and determine the unique extremal graphs. Thus, we get as corollary that \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$t_3(n)\ge t_3^{\ast}(n) = \lceil {\frac{1}{2}}(1+{\sqrt{8n-7}})\rceil$\end{document}, improving a recent result by Fox, Loh and Sudakov. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 206–209, 2010
On antimagic directed graphs
Authors: Hefetz Dan , Mütze Torsten , Schwartz Justus 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn antimagic labeling of an undirected graph G with n vertices and m edges is a bijection from the set of edges of G to the integers {1, …, m} such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it admits an antimagic labeling. In (N. Hartsfield and G. Ringel, Pearls in Graph Theory, Academic Press, Boston, 1990, pp. 108–109), Hartsfield and Ringel conjectured that every simple connected graph, other than K2, is antimagic. Despite considerable effort in recent years, this conjecture is still open. In this article we study a natural variation; namely, we consider antimagic labelings of directed graphs. In particular, we prove that every directed graph whose underlying undirected graph is “dense” is antimagic, and that almost every undirected d‐regular graph admits an orientation which is antimagic. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 219–232, 2010
Ramsey‐type results for Gallai colorings
Authors: Gyárfás András , Sárközy Gábor N. , Sebő András , Selkow Stanley 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA Gallai‐coloring of a complete graph is an edge coloring such that no triangle is colored with three distinct colors. Gallai‐colorings occur in various contexts such as the theory of partially ordered sets (in Gallai's original paper) or information theory. Gallai‐colorings extend 2‐colorings of the edges of complete graphs. They actually turn out to be close to 2‐colorings—without being trivial extensions. Here, we give a method to extend some results on 2‐colorings to Gallai‐colorings, among them known and new, easy and difficult results. The method works for Gallai‐extendible families that include, for example, double stars and graphs of diameter at most d for 2⩽d, or complete bipartite graphs. It follows that every Gallai‐colored Kn contains a monochromatic double star with at least 3n+ 1/4 vertices, a monochromatic complete bipartite graph on at least n/2 vertices, monochromatic subgraphs of diameter two with at least 3n/4 vertices, etc. The generalizations are not automatic though, for instance, a Gallai‐colored complete graph does not necessarily contain a monochromatic star on n/2 vertices. It turns out that the extension is possible for graph classes closed under a simple operation called equalization. We also investigate Ramsey numbers of graphs in Gallai‐colorings with a given number of colors. For any graph H let RG(r, H) be the minimum m such that in every Gallai‐coloring of Km with r colors, there is a monochromatic copy of H. We show that for fixed H, RG (r, H) is exponential in r if H is not bipartite; linear in r if H is bipartite but not a star; constant (does not depend on r) if H is a star (and we determine its value). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 233–243, 2010
Balanced coloring of bipartite graphs
Authors: Feige Uriel , Kogan Shimon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGiven a bipartite graph G(U∪V, E) with n vertices on each side, an independent set I∈G such that |U∩I|=|V∩I| is called a balanced bipartite independent set. A balanced coloring of G is a coloring of the vertices of G such that each color class induces a balanced bipartite independent set in G. If graph G has a balanced coloring we call it colorable. The coloring number χB(G) is the minimum number of colors in a balanced coloring of a colorable graph G. We shall give bounds on χB(G) in terms of the average degree \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\bar{d}$\end{document} of G and in terms of the maximum degree Δ of G. In particular we prove the following:
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\chi_{{{B}}}({{G}}) \leq {{max}} \{{{2}},\lfloor {{2}}\overline{{{d}}}\rfloor+{{1}}\}$\end{document}.
For any 0<ε<1 there is a constant Δ0 such that the following holds. Let G be a balanced bipartite graph with maximum degree Δ≥Δ0 and n≥(1+ε)2Δ vertices on each side, then \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\chi_{{{B}}}({{G}})\leq \frac{{{{20}}}}{\epsilon^{{{2}}}} \frac{\Delta}{{{{ln}}}\,\Delta}$.\end{document}
© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 277–291, 2010