bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended characterization of a vacuum gas oil by offline LC‐high‐temperature comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography
Authors: Dutriez Thomas , Courtiade Marion , Thiébaut Didier , Dulot Hugues , Bertoncini Fabrice , Hennion Marie‐Claire 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn a context of environmental preservation, purification and conversion of heavy petroleum cuts into high‐quality fuel becomes essential. The interest for the characterization of those very complex matrices becomes a trendy analytical challenge, when it comes to get molecular information for the optimization of industrial processes. Among new analytical techniques, high‐temperature 2‐D GC has recently proved its applicability to heavy petroleum matrices, but lacks in selectivity to separate all chemical groups. To gain resolution, heart cutting is demonstrated for LC separation of saturated, aromatic and polar compounds prior to high‐temperature 2‐D GC. Therefore, an extended global resolution was obtained, especially by a better distinction of saturated compounds. This includes iso‐paraffins and biomarker polynaphthenic structures, which are impossible to quantify with MS methods. This new way to analyze heavy petroleum fractions gives innovative opportunities for the construction of global weight distributions by carbon atoms number and by chemical families. This can right now be employed for quantitative analysis of heavy petroleum fractions and for studying conversion processes.
Determination of clofentezine in medical herb extracts by chromatographic methods combined with diode array scanning densitometry
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to report a new procedure for extraction, cleanup and determination of clofentezine in herb extracts by ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction, SPE and multidimensional planar chromatography with diode array detector (MDPC‐DAD) and/or HPLC‐DAD. The application of various extraction solvents in SPE experiments conducted on octadecyl silane coupled with styrene‐divinylbenzene cartridges for fractionation and purification samples has been described. Normal‐phase systems were used in MDPC experiments on silica layer. The procedure described for the determination of compounds is inexpensive and can be applied to the routine analysis of analytes in plant extracts, after preliminary cleanup and concentration, e.g. by SPE. Application of MDPC‐DAD and HPLC‐DAD is especially useful for correct identification of components of difficult, complicated mixtures, e.g. analytes in medical herbs.
Enzyme activity as an indicator of soil quality changes in degraded cultivatedAcrisolsin the Mexican Trans‐volcanic Belt
Authors: Pajares S. , Gallardo J. F. , Masciandaro G. , Ceccanti B. , Etchevers J. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSoils located at the Mexican Trans‐Volcanic Belt (MTB) have a worrying degree of degradation due to inappropriate management practices. Early indicators of soil changes are very useful to alert about negative impacts of wrong managements on these volcanic soils. The aim of this work was to evaluate the short‐term effects (4 years) of different agricultural practices on soil organic matter (SOM) quality and to validate the potential of the selected biochemical properties as optimal early indicators of soil quality in Mexican cultivatedAcrisols. During 2002–2005 four agronomic management systems: conventional (Tc); improved conventional (Ti); organic (To) and fallow (Tf) were assayed in plots located at the MTB. An uncultivated soil under grass cover (Sg) was used as reference. Soil samples were collected at 0–10 cm depth and were analysed chemically (soil organic C, total N, water‐soluble C and humic C), and biochemically (total and extra‐cellular enzyme activity). After 4 years, soil organic C, total N, water‐soluble C, and dehydrogenase activity had higher values in To, followed by Ti treatment. A similar response pattern was observed in the extra‐cellular enzyme activity. The highest total enzyme activity was found in Sg, followed by Ti and To treatments, and the lowest values appeared in Tc and Tf. To and Ti increased SOM contents of the degradedAcrisolsstudied, while Tc and Tf managements decreased the quality of these soils. The results showed that the assayed soil enzymes can be used as indicators of quality changes of these Mexican volcanic soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New unsymmetrical complex diesters of adipic acid considered as tribological fluids
Authors: Mirci Liviu E. , Resiga Daniela , Pode Vasile 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe paper presents results concerning the synthesis and characterisation of some unsymmetrical diesters of adipic acid with a mixed, complex structure in order to produce synthetic ester oils with specific tribological properties. These complex diesters have been synthesised by taking into account medium and superior aliphatic alcohols, such as n‐butanol, n‐hexanol, 2‐ethyl‐hexanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol along with special alcohols of a complex alkyl–aryl nature, namely 2‐phenoxy‐ethanol, 2‐([o‐sec butyl] phenoxy) ethanol and 2‐([p‐nonyl] phenoxy) ethanol, respectively. By varying the length of the aliphatic alcohols and also by modifying the length and position of the alkyl pendant group on the aromatic ring of the complex alkyl–aryl alcohols, three series of products have been realised. On the basis of this programme, it has been possible to obtain fluid products that show valuable tribological features with adequate and versatile characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric Platinum(II) Bipyridine Dithiolate Complexes: Exploring the Influence of Macromolecular Outer Spheres on Solvatochromism with UV–Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Smith Adam P. , Fraser Cassandra L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSolvatochromic properties were investigated for a series of Pt(bpyR2)(tdt) complexes where bpyR2 represents a polymeric 4,4′‐disubstituted bipyridine (bpy) ligand of the form bpyPEG2 (ester or ether linkage), bpyPCL2, bpyPMMA2, or bpy(PCL)(PMMA) (tdt, toluene‐3,4‐dithiolate; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PCL, poly(ε‐caprolactone); and PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate). Previously reported trends for small molecule analogues [i.e., Pt(dbbpy)(tdt), where dbbpy = 4,4′‐di‐t‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine] were not closely followed with many of these polymeric samples due to the influence of the outer sphere, and thus, local electronic environment of the metal center, by the substituted polymer chains. Absorption spectra for precursor polymeric Pt(bpy)Cl2 complexes shifted as expected based on the electronic nature of substituents on the bipyridine, however the solvated polymer outer spheres may also be playing a role.magnified image
Equilibrium Melting Temperature of Poly(ferrocenyl dimethylsilane) in Homopolymers and Lamellar Diblock Copolymers with Polystyrene
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Bellas Vasilios , Jungnickel Bernd , Stühn Bernd , Rehahn Matthias 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe equilibrium melting temperature,Tm,0, of poly(ferrocenyl dimethylsilane) (PFDMS) is re‐investigated using two PFDMS homopolymers and a PS‐b‐PFDMS copolymer (PS: polystyrene). The melting temperatures of samples crystallized at different crystallization temperatures,Tc, were found to depend in a nonlinear fashion onTc. Consequently, the Hoffmann–Weeks approach fails in determiningTm,0. The more reliable Gibbs–Thomson approach results in aTm,0 = (215 ± 11) °C for the PFDMS homopolymers, and aTm,0 = (179 ± 5) °C for the PFDMS microphases in the lamellar PS‐b‐PFDMS diblock copolymer.magnified image
Unique continuation for positive solutions of degenerate elliptic equations
Authors: Di Fazio Giuseppe , Zamboni Pietro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe establish the strong unique continuation property for positive weak solutions to degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations. The degeneracy is given by a suitable power of a strong A∞ weight (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Locally compact (2, 2)‐transformation groups
Authors: Di Bartolo Alfonso , Falcone Giovanni , Strambach Karl 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe determine all locally compact imprimitive transformation groups acting sharply 2‐transitively on a non‐totally disconnected quotient space of blocks inducing on any block a sharply 2‐transitive group and satisfying the following condition: if Δ1, Δ2 are two distinct blocks and Pi, Qi ∈ Δi (i = 1, 2), then there is just one element in the inertia subgroup which maps Pi onto Qi. These groups are natural generalizations of the group of affine mappings of the line over the algebra of dual numbers over the field of real or complex numbers or over the skew‐field of quaternions. For imprimitive locally compact groups, our results correspond to the classical results of Kalscheuer for primitive locally compact groups (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A historical analysis of the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism: A complex rather than a direct relationship
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. , Gilman Sid , McCall Sherman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPostencephalitic parkinsonism has been considered unique among disorders with parkinsonian features because it is believed to have a unitary etiology associated with the virus that presumably caused encephalitis lethargica. Careful analysis of the historical record, however, suggests that this relationship is more complex than commonly perceived. In most cases, the diagnosis of acute encephalitis lethargica was made post hoc, and virtually any catarrh‐like illness was considered to have represented encephalitis lethargica, often after an oral history‐taking that was undoubtedly subject to patient recall and physician bias. Also, postencephalitic parkinsonism and oculogyric crises were not recognized as sequelae to encephalitis lethargica until well after other sequelae such as movement disorders and mental disturbances had been identified (see previous paper). We suggest here that the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism is not simplistic, i.e., encephalitis lethargica was not solely responsible for the etiology of postencephalitic parkinsonism, thus aligning the latter with most other parkinsonian disorders that are now believed to have multiple causes. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Determination of the geometry of acetoxyendiynes and acetoxyenynes by NMR heteronuclear 13C1H scalar couplings and 13C NMR chemical shifts. Structural assignment of the oxylipin natural products peyssonenynes A and B
Authors: García Patricia , Martín‐Pastor Manuel , de Lera Ángel R. , Álvarez Rosana 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSolution NMR methods were used for the structural characterization of the acetoxyendiyne E/Z configuration of the marine natural products peyssonenynes A and B and their synthetic analogs derived from palmitic acid. The scarcity of protons in the proximity of the olefin precluded the determination of the double bond geometry using 1H NMR methods that rely on proton–proton scalar couplings or experiments such as NOESY or ROESY. Long range 1H13C heteronuclear scalar couplings, nJCH, measured with the 2D excitation sculptured indirect detection experiment (EXSIDE) proved useful and highly reliable for the analysis of the enol acetate geometry. In addition, it was found that the chemical shift of some carbon atoms in the proximity of the olefin was also sensitive to the double bond configuration of these molecules providing an even simpler way to determine their geometry. This protocol showed its robustness by similar analysis of simpler silyl‐protected acetoxyenynes derived from fatty acids. These NMR experimental results and stereochemical predictions were rationalized by DFT calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of simple and robust protocols for high‐resolution lung proton MRI in mice
Authors: Zurek Magdalena , Bessaad Amine , Cieslar Katarzyna , Crémillieux Yannick 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOne fundamental limitation of spatial resolution for in vivo MR lung imaging is related to motion in the thoracic cavity. To overcome this limitation, several methods have been proposed, including scan‐synchronous ventilation and the cardiac gating approach. However, with cardiac and ventilation triggered techniques, the use of a predetermined and constant sequence repetition time is not possible, resulting in variable image contrast. In this study, the potential of two “constant repetition time” approaches based on retrospective self‐gating and signal averaging were investigated for lung imaging. Image acquisitions were performed at a very short echo time for visualization of the lung structures and the parenchyma. Highly spatially resolved images acquired using retrospective self‐gating, signal averaging technique and conventional cardiorespiratory gating are presented and compared. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized measurement of atherosclerotic plaque inflammatory burden with dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI
Authors: Chen Huijun , Cai Jianming , Zhao Xihai , Underhill Hunter , Ota Hideki , Oikawa Minako , Dong Li , Yuan Chun , Kerwin William S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInflammation plays an important role in progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI has been proposed as a tool to evaluate inflammation in vivo by measuring the transfer constant and partial plasma volume, which are influenced by inflammation. This study sought to demonstrate the ability of dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI to provide localized measurements of transfer constant and partial plasma volume within plaque regions of different compositions. In order to do that, a highly automatic procedure for localized measurement of dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI parameters was developed. In 47 subjects, the average transfer constant and partial plasma volume were highest in loose matrix and fibrous tissue and substantially lower in intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid rich/necrotic core, and calcification. In addition, except for hemorrhage and calcification, statistically significant differences of transfer constant and partial plasma volume were observed for any pair of these components. This suggests that transfer constant and partial plasma volume could be helpful to differentiate different plaque components and that dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI has the potential to assess inflammatory burden in specific regions. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical evaluation of diffusion‐weighted imaging of the human kidney
Authors: Wittsack Hans‐Jörg , Lanzman Rotem S. , Mathys Christian , Janssen Hendrik , Mödder Ulrich , Blondin Dirk 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe signal of diffusion‐weighted imaging of the human kidney differs from the signal in brain examinations due to the different microscopic structure of the tissue. In the kidney, the deviation of the signal behavior of monoexponential characteristics is pronounced. The aim of the study was to analyze whether a mono‐ or biexponential or a distribution function model fits best to describe diffusion characteristics in the kidney. To determine the best regression, different statistical parameters were utilized: correlation coefficient (R2), Akaike's information criterion, Schwarz criterion, and F‐test (Fratio). Additionally, simulations were performed to analyze the relation between the different models and their dependency on signal noise. Statistical tests showed that the biexponential model describes the signal of diffusion‐weighted imaging in the kidney better than the distribution function model. The monoexponential model fits the diffusion‐weighted imaging data the least but is the most robust against signal noise. From a statistical point of view, diffusion‐weighted imaging of the kidney should be modeled biexponentially under the precondition of sufficient signal to noise. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed incontinence: Comparing definitions in non‐surgical patients
Authors: Brubaker Linda , Lukacz Emily S. , Burgio Kathryn , Zimmern Philippe , Norton Peggy , Leng Wendy , Johnson Harry , Kraus Stephen , Stoddard Anne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to explore operational definitions of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) for use in incontinence outcomes research for non‐surgical patient populations.MethodsA secondary analysis of women with urge incontinence or urge predominant MUI enrolled in the Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network BE‐DRI randomized clinical trial was performed. Subjects were characterized at baseline for urinary incontinence severity and incontinence subtype (stress or urge) using the Medical, Epidemiologic, and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) questionnaire, the Urogenital Distress Inventory, and a 7‐day urinary diary. Various different definitions of MUI, ranging from low to high threshold, were created using a combination of these baseline incontinence measures. Prevalence of MUI based on each definition was described and compared to treatment response. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the study outcomes and the different definitions of MUI.ResultsThe 307 participants in the BE‐DRI study had a mean age of 56.9 (±13.9) years with a mean total MESA score of 21.7 (±8.9) and a mean total UDI score of 120.5 (±49.6). The proportion of women diagnosed with MUI varied significantly by definition ranging from 63.5% to 96.4%. Low threshold symptom‐based definitions resulted in nearly universal diagnosis of MUI. No strict cut‐off value for these baseline measures was identified to predict clinical outcomes.ConclusionsCurrent MUI definitions do not adequately categorize clinically relevant UI subgroups. For research purposes we believe it necessary to describe the severity of each incontinence subtype separately in subjects with MUI. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:47–51, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lúcio Adélia Correia , Campos Renata Martins , Perissinotto Maria Carolina , Miyaoka Ricardo , Damasceno Benito Pereira , D'ancona Carlos Arturo Levi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAimsEvaluate the role of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) on the treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, twenty seven female patients with a diagnosis of MS and LUTD complaints were randomized, in two groups: Treatment group (GI) (N = 13) and Sham group (GII) (N = 14). Evaluation included urodynamic study, 24‐hr Pad testing, three day voiding diary and pelvic floor evaluation according to PERFECT scheme. Intervention was performed twice a week for 12 weeks in both groups. GI intervention consisted of PFMT with assistance of a vaginal perineometer. GII received a sham treatment consisted on the introduction of a perineometer inside the vagina with no contraction required.ResultsAt the end of the treatment GI was complaining less about storage and voiding symptoms than GII. Furthermore, differences found between groups were: reduction of pad weight (P = 0.00) (Mean: 87,51 grams initial and 6,03 grams final in GI. 69,46 grams initial and 75,88 grams final in GII), number of pads (P = 0.01) (Mean: 3,61 initial and 2,15 final in GI. 3,42 initial and 3,28 final in GII) and nocturia events (P < 0.00) (Mean: 2,38 initial and 0,46 final in GI. 2,55 initial and 2,47 final in GII) and improvements of muscle power (P = 0.00), endurance (P < 0.00), resistance (P < 0.00) and fast contractions (P < 0.00), domains of PERFECT scheme.ConclusionsPFMT is an effective approach to treat LUTD in female with MS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1410–1413, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second‐order treatment of the interface of domain decomposition method for parabolic problems
Authors: Jun Younbae , Mai Tsun‐Zee 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEstimations for the values on interface lines are necessary in a domain decomposition method. However, the accuracy of the estimations is of the first order for most of unconditionally stable domain decomposition schemes. In this paper, a second order of accuracy for the estimations on interface lines is presented. With the new scheme, the optimal number of decomposed subdomains has been observed and proposed. Moreover when the SOR iterative method is used, the optimal over‐relaxation parameter is also studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethics and leadership: Enablers and stumbling blocks
Authors: April Kurt , Peters Kai , Locke Kirsten , Mlambo Caroline 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Many of the scandals, indiscretions and collapses, over the last few years, at formerly venerated organizations were the results of toxic relationships, dubious economic models, opaque workplace paradigms, as well as questionable collective and individual actions and behaviours of people who, ordinarily, would not be considered ‘typically criminal’. The individuals involved have typically been people with good education, caring parents, were community contributors and, by all accounts, appeared to be upstanding members of society. Their involvement, therefore, in corrupt acts and relationships thus brings a numbers of issues under question—an important one of which is their ethical maturity, and the forming of that ethical development through important societal institutions such as: religion, education and the family. We set out to understand what some of the stumbling blocks were that prevent individuals from courageously acting on their sometimes vast bases of theoretical/common knowledge with respect to ethics and morals, but which has not yet become common practice. Additionally, we also sought to understand what the various enablers were for individuals who were able to live and act ethically, to further enhance such ethical and moral living and working. Our research sample was 646 middle managers who were all enrolled on the MBA programs of the University of Cape Town (South Africa) and Erasmus University (Netherlands). The research respondents self‐reported on both the stumbling blocks and enablers, through writing up their personal experiences for our research. They also reported on what some of the practical actions were that they employed to live and work ethically.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.