bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the efficiency of determining the parameters of trolley busbars based on field simulation
Authors: Bezverkhnia Yuliia Sergiivna , Kotsur Mykhailo Igorovych , Yarymbash Dmytro Serhiiovych , Kotsur Igor Mykhailovych 
Published: May 2024

Modern systems of shop power supply can be of considerable length. Therefore, their parameters and electrical characteristics have a significant impact on the quality of electricity, operating modes of electrical consumers and the energy efficiency of technological processes. Techniques for calculating the parameters and characteristics of busbars available in engineering practice are based on the methods of circuit modelling. Circuit parameters are usually determined based on generalized equations. These equations are obtained as a result of a number of assumptions, which limits the area of their use. An alternative to methods based on empirical dependencies can be the use of methods for calculating electrical parameters and characteristics based on field modelling. Thus, the work proposed a mathematical model of electromagnetic processes in the active elements of trolleys busbars. This model allows to take into account design parameters, nonlinearity of magnetic properties, the influence of harmonic components of currents and voltage. Based on the implementation of a mathematical model, a method was proposed for determining the parameters and characteristics of busbars trolleys based on field modelling. This allows you to take into account design parameters, nonlinearity of magnetic properties, the influence of harmonic components of currents and voltages. This model has high accuracy and efficiency of numerical implementation. The influence of the steel casing on the electrical parameters and characteristics of the busbar is established. The presence of a steel casing leads to a decrease in the power factor, an increase in voltage drops and distortion of their phases, as well as increase losses by 2 %. An assessment of the impact on active power losses due to harmonic components of currents has been carried out. The presence of harmonic components of currents within the standard leads to an additional increase in losses by 3 %. However, when the standardized values are exceeded, their effect on active power losses increases significantly. The proposed method has high accuracy and efficiency of numerical implementation and can be implemented using software with the status of a free license (for example, FEMM).
Features of technology of manufacture of power high voltage cables with thermoplastic polymeric insulation
Authors: Grynyshyna Margaryta Volodymyrivna 
Published: May 2024

The problem of high-voltage power cables is associated with complex technological processes in their manufacture. One of the main processes in the manufacture of cables is extrusion. There is a huge number of parameters (known as process parameters) at the stage of extrusion process that directly affect the performance of isolation and cable as a whole. It is shown that the important parameters of the process of extrusion are the melt temperature, speed, pressure, screw speed, the type of matrix used and the cooling medium in the extruder. The temperature and pressure of the melt are among the largest important parameters in the process of extrusion that determine the productivity of the process. The influence of temperature, pressure and fluctuations of these parameters on a complex of mechanical and electrical characteristics of the cable are analyzed. It is substantiated that the rheological properties of polymers are prone to oscillations, which causes problems in the production of cables. The complexity and large number of process parameters involved in the production of cables are complicated by the process of control, which determines the appearance of defects in the form of cracks, air cavities and porosity in high-voltage isolation. It is argued that the use of power cables with a cross-linked polyethylene, which is a thermosetting insulating material, causes the complexity of processing both in the manufacturing stage and in operation. Development of technology for the introduction of thermoplastic isolation provides secondary processing to implement projects of power-high-voltage variable and direct current cables. A comparative analysis of electrical, mechanical and thermal parameters of cross-linked polyethylene and thermoplastic polymers as an alternative of thermosetting isolation is presented. The article presents the features of the technological regime of extrusion of polymer isolation based on thermoelastoplasts, in particular, polypropylene compositions, which are due to the lower values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of such compositions in comparison with polyethylene. Models are presented to describe the process of extrusion of thermoplastic isolation of power cables, taking into account the flow of molten polymeric material as a non-Newtonian, uncompressive, isothermal fluid. The necessity of determining the values of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polypropylene compositions in a wide temperature range to reduce the likelihood of technological defects in high-voltage thermoplastic isolation is substantiated.
Calculation of instantaneous line current of a three-phase network with an isolated neutral
Authors: Demianenko Roman 
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the study of methods for calculating instantaneous line currents in a three-phase network with an isolated neutral, which is critical for improving the reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of monitoring and diagnostics of electrical systems. The developed method extends the capabilities of standard approaches to diagnostics and analysis, and it allows for more accurate analysis of instantaneous parameters in electrical networks and detection of faults in the operation of high-voltage electrical installations. The study used an integrated approach to analyzing and modeling the operating and emergency modes of a subway traction substation using a three-phase rectifier. Detailed power supply modeling and analysis of the harmonic components of line currents and voltages in the high-voltage network were performed. Various operating scenarios are modeled, including normal and emergency conditions when one of the diodes in the rectifier fails. It was found that the harmonic composition has significant changes in the event of a diode failure, which can be used to diagnose the condition of the equipment. The results can be used to optimize the design, operation, and maintenance processes in the urban electric transport sector and other industrial systems, reduce the risk of unforeseen accidents, and ensure the stability of electricity supply. Modeling has shown the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting emergencies and improving the efficiency of traction substation maintenance. The proposed recommendations will help to improve the efficiency, energy efficiency, and reliability of electrical systems, in particular in the industrial sector and large infrastructure projects, providing a more stable and secure power supply.
DFA Analysis Revolutionizes FSAE Steering, Enhancing Efficiency in Automotive Design
Authors: Kurniawan Mukhammad Isa , Mulyadi  
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic realm of automotive engineering, particularly in Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) racing, where vehicle assessment is based on efficiency, motor power, chassis dynamics, and steering, there exists a notable focus on steering system design. This research delves into the conceptualization and component development aimed at aiding automotive mechanics in crafting steering systems for FSAE race cars. Employing Solid Edge 2021 software, the study utilizes the Design of Assembly (DFA) analysis method to streamline the mechanical process. Through DFA analysis, the study assesses various Technical Attributes (TAs) of the steering system, revealing values ranging from 0.548 to 1.765. The ideal steering system ensures that the desired steering input by the driver aligns with the output motion of the vehicle, known as the Ackerman condition. Steering gear mechanisms translate rotational motion into translation and adjust the effort applied to the steering linkage. The study's findings contribute to the advancement of steering system design in FSAE vehicles, emphasizing ergonomic considerations and the utilization of advanced software tools like Catia and Solid Edge 2021 for enhanced performance and safety.
Highlight:

FSAE steering: DFA analysis enhances design efficiency for racing vehicles.
Software aid: Solid Edge 2021 streamlines FSAE steering system development.
Ergonomic focus: Design prioritizes driver comfort and vehicle performance optimization.

Keywoard: FSAE vehicles, Steering system design, DFA analysis, Solid Edge 2021, Ergonomics
Optimal Preheating Boosts Aluminium Weld Strength
Authors: Diyanto Rizky Putra Ronal , Akbar Ali 
Published: May 2024

Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that preheating has a significant impact on the tensile strength of welded aluminium 5083. Specifically, preheating at 40°C resulted in the highest ultimate tensile strength of 304.535 MPa, representing an 8.748% increase compared to the non-preheated specimen's 301.894 MPa. Conversely, preheating at 80°C led to a notable decline in tensile strength to 253.521 MPa, a decrease of 16.023%. These findings imply that moderate preheating can enhance the weld quality of aluminium 5083, while excessive preheating adversely affects it. This underscores the importance of optimizing preheating temperatures in welding processes to achieve desired mechanical properties. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms affecting tensile strength at various preheating temperatures and to investigate the effects of preheating on other aluminium alloys.
Highlight:

Preheating at 40°C improves tensile strength by 8.748%.
Excessive preheating at 80°C decreases tensile strength by 16.023%.
Optimal preheating temperature crucial for weld quality in aluminium 5083.

Keywoard: Aluminium 5083, Preheating, Tensile Strength, Welding, SMAW
MethylBERT:‬ ‭A‬ ‭Transformer-based‬ ‭model‬ ‭for‬ ‭read-level‬ ‭DNA‬ ‭methylation‬ pattern‬ ‭identification‬ ‭and‬ ‭tumour‬ ‭deconvolution‬
Authors: Lutsik Pavlo , Yeong Yunhee , Rohr Karl 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

DNA methylation (DNAm) is a key epigenetic mark that shows profound alterations in cancer. Read-level methylomes enable more in-depth DNAm analysis due to the broad coverage and preservation of rare cell-type signals, compared to array-based data such as 450K/EPIC array. Here, we propose MethylBERT, a novel Transformer-based model for read-level methylation pattern classification. MethylBERT identifies tumour-derived sequence reads based on their methylation patterns and genomic sequence. Based on the calculated classification probability, the method estimates tumour cell fractions within bulk samples and provides an assessment of the model precision. In our evaluation, MethylBERT outperforms existing deconvolution methods and demonstrates high accuracy regardless of methylation pattern complexity, read length and read coverage. Moreover, we show its potential for accurate non-invasive early cancer diagnostics using liquid biopsy samples. MethylBERT represents a significant advancement in read-level methylome analysis. It will increase the accuracy of tumour deconvolution and enhance circulating tumour DNA studies.
A WeChat platform program (WCPP) for full-process management of patients with cardiac valve interventional surgery based on psycho-cardiology: Protocol of a mixed-method study
Authors: kehan chen , Xu Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the third most common cardiovascular disease (CVD), which reduced patients’ quality of life, placing a burden on patients, families and health systems, even life-threatening. Psycho-cardiology was a hot topic in recent years, revealed the relationship between mental illness and heart disease. This mixed-method study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WCPP, which including hospital-to-home transitional care, remote intelligent monitoring and decision AIDS, to promote the physical and mental health of patients.Methods/Design: A mixed-method study was conducted in a cardiac valve interventional surgery (CVIS) center in southwest China. A total of 154 patients will receive the intervention. Patients in the intervention group will receive the WCPP, while patients in the control group will using the traditional surgical management model, both of them will be followed up at the1, 3, 6, 12 months after discharge. The primary outcome is the Chinese version of the short-form General Health Questionnaire (SF-36). Secondary outcome measures including the 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), Patient satisfaction (%), Length of Hospital Stay (LOS). In addition, qualitative research was used to evaluate the psychological state and experience of patients.Discussion Our study is one of the few involving patients with CVIS and the first to use psycho-cardiology in those patients with a full-process management. The study population is mostly from southwest China with a wide range of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Once completed, this study will be a rich resource of information on how to use the remote full-process management platform in CVIS patients.Trial registration: ChiCTR2400081052, Registered on 21 February 2024. The trial complies with SPIRIT and CONSORT guidelines.
High-Density Asymmetric Iron Dual-Atom Sites for Efficient and Ultra-Stable Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Zhang Lili , Zhang Ning , Shang Huishan , Sun Zhiyi , Wei Zihao , Wang Jingtao , Lei Yuanting , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Dan , Zhao Yafei , Sun Zhongti , Zhang Fang , Xiang Xu , Zhang Bing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Double-atom catalysts (DACs) have open up novel paradigms in the field of rapidly developing atomic catalysis because of their great potential to promote catalytic performances in various reaction systems. However, increasing the loading and extending the service life of metal active centers represents a grand challenge for the efficient utilization of DACs. Here, we rationally design asymmetric nitrogen, sulfur-coordinated diatomic iron centers on highly defective nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (denoted as A-Fe2S1N5/SNC, A: asymmetric), which possesses the atomic configuration of N2S1Fe-FeN3 moiety. The abundant defects and low-electronegativity heteroatoms in the carbon-based framework endow the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC with a high loading of 6.72 wt%. Furthermore, the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC demonstrates an ultra-low overpotential of 193 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm− 2, outperforming the commercial RuO2 catalysts. In addition, the A-Fe2S1N5/SNC exhibits extraordinary stability, maintaining > 97% activity for over 2000 hours during the OER process. This work provides a practical scheme for simultaneously balancing activity and stability of DACs toward electrocatalysis applications.
Single-cell sequencing analysis of multiple myeloma heterogeneity and identification of new theranostic targets
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yanpeng , Peng Yuanliang , Yang Chaoying , Xiong Dehui , Wang Zeyuan , Peng Hongling , Wu Xusheng , Xiao Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. It is necessary to clarify the heterogeneity of MM and identify new theranostic targets. We constructed a single-cell transcriptome profile of 48 293 bone marrow cells from MM patients and health donors (HDs) annotated with 7 continuous B lymphocyte lineages. Through CellChat, we discovered that the communication among B lymphocyte lineages between MM and HDs was disrupted, and unique signaling molecules were observed. Through pseudotime analysis, it was found that the differences between MM and HDs were mainly reflected in plasma cells. These differences are primarily related to various biological processes involving mitochondria. Then, we identified the key subpopulation associated with malignant proliferation of plasma cells. This group of cells exhibited strong proliferation ability, high CNV scores, high expression of frequently mutated genes, and strong glucose metabolic activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of WNK1 as a target. Our study provides new insights into the development of B cells and the heterogeneity of plasma cells in MM, and suggests that WNK1 is a potential therapeutic target for MM.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a drives dynamic dense body formation for optimal viral infectivity
Authors: Hartmann Stella , Radochonski Lisa , Ye Chengjin , Sobrido-Martinez Luis , Chen Jueqi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 uses the double-membrane vesicles as replication organelles. However, how virion assembly occurs has not been fully understood. Here we identified a SARS-CoV-2-driven membrane structure named the 3a dense body (3DB). 3DBs have unusual electron-dense and dynamic inner structures, and their formation is driven by the accessory protein ORF3a via hijacking a specific subset of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and early endosomal membranes. 3DB formation is conserved in related bat and pangolin coronaviruses yet lost during the evolution to SARS-CoV. 3DBs recruit the viral structural proteins spike (S) and membrane (M) and undergo dynamic fusion/fission to facilitate efficient virion assembly. A recombinant SARS-CoV-2 virus with an ORF3a mutant specifically defective in 3DB formation showed dramatically reduced infectivity for both extracellular and cell-associated virions. Our study uncovers the crucial role of 3DB in optimal SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and highlights its potential as a target for COVID-19 prophylactics and therapeutics.
Prognostic effect of the PNI and LSR in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Li Meimei , Wang Yi , Wang Ziming , Chen Xue , Li Hongxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been used to assess the immunonutritional status of cancer patients and can predict the prognosis of various solid cancers, and the serum alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) ratio (LSR) is considered a good predictor of liver injury. So we conduct a retrospective cohort analysis of the relationship between the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and LSR or PNI as well as to combine these two indicators (LSR-PNI) for further prognostic analysis in patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy (RT).
Methods
In this study, 134 patients with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed, the Chi-square test was used to compare the count data, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards risk models were used to determine independent risk or prognostic factors. Moreover, we analyzed the combination of the LSR and PNI (LSR-PNI).
Results
Univariate analysis revealed that T stage, M stage, TNM stage, LSR, and PNI were significant prognostic factors associated with OS. The OS of patients in the low-risk group was better than that of patients in the medium-risk group and the high-risk group (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
we found that the prognosis of patients who underwent RT for esophageal cancer was significantly correlated with patient sex, T stage and the PNI. Patients in the low-risk group (high LSR-high PNI) had a longer survival time.
Palladium Catalyzed Aza-Wakcer/Povarov Reaction of Aryl Amines and 1,6-Dienes: Synthesis of Hexahydro-Cyclopenta[b]quinoline Framework
Authors: Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Jiahao , Tan Xiangwen , Wu Wanqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Palladium catalyzed tandem reaction represents a one-pot synthetic approach to efficiently synthesize complex functionalized molecules while reducing synthetic steps, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. However, achieving a direct cascade of the aza-Wacker and Povarov reactions in one-pot synthesis presents a challenge due to substrate compatibility issues between the two reactions. In this work, we describe an aza-Wacker/Povarov reaction employing a highly electrophilic palladium catalyst, which effectively converts anilines and 1,6-dienes into hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]quinolines. The optimized conditions yield up to 79%, with a diastereoselectivity > 20:1. Substrate range testing revealed compatibility with various sensitive functional groups, and successful late-stage modifications were performed on several natural products and drug molecules, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of the method. Additionally, a preliminary investigation into the reaction mechanism suggests an aza-Wacker process followed by a Povarov process.
GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through ERK activation
Authors: Key Chia-Chi Chuang , Seramur Mary , McDonald Bailey , Davis Matthew Davis , Woods Leah Solberg 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 5 (GRK5) as a genetic factor contributing to obesity pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that Grk5 mRNA is more abundant in stromal vascular fractions of mouse white adipose tissue, the fraction that contains adipose progenitor cells, or committed pre-adipocytes, than in adipocyte fractions. Thus, we generated a GRK5 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte to further investigate the mechanistic role of GRK5 in regulating adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenic stimulation, GRK5 KO pre-adipocytes were unable to achieve mature adipocyte morphology and lipid accumulation compared to wildtype cells coupled with suppressed adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression. Beside GPCR signaling, RNA sequencing and pathway analysis identified insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling to be one of the top 5 significantly dysregulated pathways in GRK5 KO cells. GRK5 KO cells also displayed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK phosphorylation, a downstream target of insulin-stimulated IGF-1 receptor activation, suggesting that GRK5 acts through this critical pathway to impact 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. To find a more translational approach, we identified a new small molecule GRK5 inhibitor that was able to reduce 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. These data suggest that GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through IGF-1 receptor/ERK activation and may be a promising translational target for obesity.