bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time series modelling of power output for large‐scale wind fleets
Authors: Sturt Alexander , Strbac Goran 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTSimulations of power systems with high wind penetration need to represent the stochastic output of the wind farms. Many studies use historic wind data directly in the simulation. However, even if historic data are used to drive the realized wind output in scheduling simulations, a model of the wind's statistical properties may be needed to inform the commitment decisions for the dispatchable units. There are very few published studies that fit models to the power output of nation‐sized wind fleets rather than the output at a single location. We fitted a time series model to hourly, time‐averaged, aggregated wind power data from New Zealand, Denmark and Germany, based on univariate, second‐order autoregressive drivers. Our model is designed to reproduce the asymptotic distribution of power output, the diurnal variation and the volatility of power output over timescales up to several hours. For the cases examined here, it was also found to provide a generally good representation of the overall distribution of power output changes and the variation of volatility with power output level, as well as an acceptable representation of the distribution of calm periods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimized autoregressive forecast error generator for wind and load uncertainty study
Authors: de Mello Phillip E. , Lu Ning , Makarov Yuri 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a first‐order autoregressive algorithm used to generate real‐time (RT), hour‐ahead (HA) and day‐ahead (DA) wind and load forecast errors in time series. The modeled error time series preserve the characteristics of the historical forecast data sets. Four statistical characteristics are considered: the means, the standard deviations, the autocorrelations and the cross‐correlations. A stochastic optimization routine was used to find an optimal set of parameters that minimize the differences of the four characteristics between the generated error series and the targeted ones. The obtained parameters were then in due order of succession used to produce the RT, HA and DA forecasts. This method, although implemented as a first‐order regressive random forecast error generator, can be extended to higher orders. Simulation results have shown that the methodology produces random forecast error series that have statistics similar to those derived from real data sets. The wind and load forecast error generator can be used in wind integration studies to produce wind and load forecast in time series for stochastic planning processes. Our future studies will focus on reflecting the diurnal and seasonal differences of the wind and load statistics and on implementing them in the random forecast generator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamentals of association rules in data mining and knowledge discovery
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Wu Xindong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAssociation rule mining is one of the fundamental research topics in data mining and knowledge discovery that identifies interesting relationships between itemsets in datasets and predicts the associative and correlative behaviors for new data. Rooted in market basket analysis, there are a great number of techniques developed for association rule mining. They include frequent pattern discovery, interestingness, complex associations, and multiple data source mining. This paper introduces the up‐to‐date prevailing association rule mining methods and advocates the mining of complete association rules, including both positive and negative association rules. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 97‐116 DOI: 10.1002/widm.10This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
A study of methodological issues in design and development of rule‐based systems: proposal of a new approach
Authors: Ligęza Antoni , Nalepa Grzegorz J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRule‐based systems (RBSs) constitute a powerful technology for declarative encoding and automated processing of large bodies of knowledge. A typical RBS consists of a knowledge base containing facts and production rules, and an inference engine managing the reasoning process. Despite their simple conceptual scheme, design and development of a RBS often turn out to be unexpectedly complex task. This paper presents an overview of issues concerning design and development of such systems. Differences between RBSs and classical software are exemplified, and design and implementation issues are analyzed. A novel, consistent, three‐phase methodology incorporating conceptual, logical, and physical design is outlined. Moreover, tools supporting the complete design and development process are presented. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 117‐137 DOI: 10.1002/widm.11This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Technologies > Visualization
Ensembles of case‐based reasoning classifiers in high‐dimensional biological domains
Authors: Arshadi Niloofar , Jurisica Igor 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn order to extend the capabilities of case‐based reasoning (CBR), we implemented an ensemble for case‐based reasoning (E4CBR) approach where an ensemble of CBR classifiers is combined with clustering and feature selection. We first select a subset of features of all the cases, and then cluster the cases into disjoint groups, where each group of cases forms the case‐base of one of the member classifiers. Finally, in each case‐base, a subset of features is ‘locally’ selected individually. To predict the label of an unseen case, each classifier in the ensemble provides a prediction, and the aggregation component of E4CBR combines the predictions by weighing each classifier using a CBR approach—a classifier with more cases similar to the test case receives a higher weight.We evaluated E4CBR on four publicly available biological data sets, and also compared the classification error of E4CBR with a single CBR classifier. In our experiments, we use TA3—a computational framework for CBR systems. Our results show that E4CBR reduces the classification error of our CBR classifier. On the basis of empirical results, our aggregation method outperforms the existing CBR aggregation methods. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 164‐171 DOI: 10.1002/widm.22This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods
Tech mining: Text mining and visualization tools, as applied to nanoenhanced solar cells
Authors: Porter Alan L. , Guo Ying , Chiavatta Denise 
Published: February 2011

Abstract‘Tech mining’ is a multistep process for the analysis of science, technology, & innovation (‘ST&I’) information resources. It uses text mining, visualization, and communication tools to provide the empirical knowledge necessary to address management of technology questions. Tech mining can help assess mature or emerging fields of science and technology, such as nanotechnology. Here, we depict select analyses and visualizations of relevant ST&I data on the topics of nanoenhanced, thin‐film solar cells and dye‐sensitized solar cells. These analyses help identify complementary and competitive research activity, evaluate research productivity, assess research interdisciplinarity, understand nanotechnology developmental trajectories, and identify and forecast promising nanoapplications. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2011 1 172‐181 DOI: 10.1002/widm.7This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Text MiningApplication Areas > Education and LearningApplication Areas > Science and TechnologyTechnologies > Visualization
Mathematical models in biology: from molecules to life
Authors: Kaznessis Yiannis N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA vexing question in the biological sciences is the following: can biological phenotypes be explained with mathematical models of molecules that interact according to physical laws? At the crux of the matter lies the doubt that humans can develop physically faithful mathematical representations of living organisms.We discuss advantages that synthetic biological systems confer that may help us describe life's distinctiveness with tractable mathematics that are grounded on universal laws of thermodynamics and molecular biology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 314–322 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.142This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organismal Models
Crystal and Molecular Structure of the trans‐Hyponitrite Compound Ph3Sn(μ‐ONNO)SnPh3
Authors: Mayer Tobias , Beck Wolfgang , Böttcher Hans‐Christian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe trans‐hyponitrite compound Ph3Sn(μ‐ONNO)SnPh3 (1) was revisited by NMR spectroscopy and the crystal and molecular structure was elucidated by X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes from benzene in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ with a = 10.9674(2), b = 18.2786(2), c = 18.4592(2) Å; α = 115.979(1), β = 102.851(1), γ = 99.032(1)°; V = 3103.60(9) Å3; Z = 4, ρ = 1.627 g·cm–3, T = 173(2) K.
Results of the third reproductive assessment survey of north American Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) female elephants
Authors: Dow T.L. , Holásková I. , Brown J.L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA written survey assessed reproductive status of female Asian and African elephants in AZA/SSP facilities in 2008, and data were compared to surveys conducted in 2002 and 2005. Results showed that ovarian acyclicity rates across the surveys remained unchanged for Asian (13.3, 10.9 and 11.1%) and African (22.1, 31.2 and 30.5%) elephants, respectively (P>0.05), but were higher overall for African compared to Asian elephants (P<0.05). In 2008, the percentages of Asian and African elephants with irregular cycles (14.3 and 15.8%) and irregular + no cycles (25.4 and 46.4%) was similar to 2005 (7.6 and 11.8%; 18.5 and 43.0%), but were increased compared to 2002 (2.6 and 5.2%; 16.0 and 27.3%), respectively (P<0.05). For both species, ovarian acyclicity increased with age (P<0.05). Reproductive tract pathologies did not account for the majority of acyclicity, although rates were higher in noncycling females (P<0.05). Bull presence was associated with increased cyclicity rates (P<0.05) for Asian (92.5 vs. 58.3%) and African (64.9 vs. 57.8%) elephants compared to females at facilities with no male, respectively. Cyclicity rates were higher for Asian (86.8 vs. 65.2%) and African (67.9 vs. 56.7%) elephants managed in free compared to protected contact programs (P<0.05), respectively. Geographical facility location had no effect on cyclicity (P>0.05). In summary, incidence of ovarian cycle problems continues to predominantly affect African elephants. Although percentages of acyclicity did not increase between 2005 and 2008, 42.2% Asian and 30.2% African females were no longer being hormonally monitored; thus, reproductive cycle abnormalities could be worse than current data suggest. Zoo Biol 30:699–711, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome-wide identification and annotation of HIF-1α binding sites in two cell lines using massively parallel sequencing
Authors: Tanimoto Kousuke , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Kanai Akinori , Arauchi Takako , Esumi Hiroyasu , Suzuki Yutaka , Sugano Sumio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe identified 531 and 616 putative HIF-1α target sites by ChIP-Seq in the cancerous cell line DLD-1 and the non-cancerous cell line TIG-3, respectively. We also examined the positions and expression levels of transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in these cell lines using our TSS-Seq method. We observed that 121 and 48 genes in DLD-1 and TIG-3 cells, respectively, had HIF-1α binding sites in proximal regions of the previously reported TSSs that were up-regulated at the transcriptional level. In addition, 193 and 123 of the HIF-1α target sites, respectively, were located in proximal regions of previously uncharacterized TSSs, namely, TSSs of putative alternative promoters of protein-coding genes or promoters of putative non-protein-coding transcripts. The hypoxic response of DLD-1 cells was more significant than that of TIG-3 cells with respect to both the number of target sites and the degree of induced changes in transcript expression. The Nucleosome-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses of histone modifications revealed that the chromatin formed an open structure in regions surrounding the HIF-1α binding sites, but this event occurred prior to the actual binding of HIF-1α. Different cellular histories may be encoded by chromatin structures and determine the activation of specific genes in response to hypoxic shock.
Targeted treatments for fragile X syndrome
Authors: Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Knox Andrew , Hervey Crystal 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common identifiable genetic cause of intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), with up to 50% of males and some females with FXS meeting criteria for ASD. Autistic features are present in a very high percent of individuals with FXS, even those who do not meet full criteria for ASD. Recent major advances have been made in the understanding of the neurobiology and functions of FMRP, the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) gene product, which is absent or reduced in FXS, largely based on work in the fmr1 knockout mouse model. FXS has emerged as a disorder of synaptic plasticity associated with abnormalities of long-term depression and long-term potentiation and immature dendritic spine architecture, related to the dysregulation of dendritic translation typically activated by group I mGluR and other receptors. This work has led to efforts to develop treatments for FXS with neuroactive molecules targeted to the dysregulated translational pathway. These agents have been shown to rescue molecular, spine, and behavioral phenotypes in the FXS mouse model at multiple stages of development. Clinical trials are underway to translate findings in animal models of FXS to humans, raising complex issues about trial design and outcome measures to assess cognitive change that might be associated with treatment. Genes known to be causes of ASD interact with the translational pathway defective in FXS, and it has been hypothesized that there will be substantial overlap in molecular pathways and mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction between FXS and ASD. Therefore, targeted treatments developed for FXS may also target subgroups of ASD, and clinical trials in FXS may serve as a model for the development of clinical trial strategies for ASD and other cognitive disorders.
Release of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids by the Hydrolysis of Fish Oil Catalyzed by Lipases Immobilized on Hydrophobic Supports
Authors: Fernández‐Lorente Gloria , Betancor Lorena , Carrascosa Alfonso V. , Guisán Jose M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe release of omega‐3 fatty acids by the mild enzymatic hydrolysis of sardine oil was studied. The derivatives of different lipases physically adsorbed on hydrophobic porous supports Hydrophobic Lipase Derivatives (HLD) were tested. These immobilized lipases can only hydrolyze oil molecules partitioned into the aqueous phase of a biphasic reaction system. HLD biocatalysts were compared to other enzyme derivatives that were obtained by very mild covalent immobilization on CNBr‐activated Sepharose Cyanogen bromide Lipase Derivatives (CNLD) that behave almost identically to soluble enzymes (CNLD). In general, HLD biocatalysts were found to be more active and more selective for the release of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than CNLD. The most interesting biocatalyst was the HLD derivative of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase, which was found to be sevenfold more active and tenfold more selective than CNLD. On the other hand, the most active (but non‐selective) derivative was the HLD of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The activity of this derivative was 0.6 International Units under non‐optimal reaction conditions. High‐loaded PFL derivatives could be very interesting for the release of mixtures of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic supports promote the interfacial activation of lipases, similar to the interaction promoted by oil drops on soluble enzymes. The most effective overactivation obtained in this work ranged from 6‐ to 20‐fold. The hydrolytic process was carried out under very mild conditions (pH 7.0 and 25 °C), and all lipase derivatives remained fully active for at least 15 days under these conditions.
Altérations environnementales du développement du testicule foetal: zoom sur les phtalates
Authors: Habert R. , Muczynski V. , Lehraiki A. , Moison D. , Lambrot R. , Levacher C. , Lécureuil C. , Frydman R. , Rouiller-Fabre V. 
Published: February 2011

RésuméL’augmentation de plusieurs anomalies de la fonction de reproduction masculine suscite de grandes inquiétudes. Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, le nombre de spermatozoïdes chez l’homme a nettement diminué, et l’incidence du cancer testiculaire a doublé. De plus, les cas de cryptorchidie et d’hypospadias sont également en augmentation. L’hypothèse la plus couramment admise est que tous ces effets néfastes sur la fonction reproductive masculine résulteraient d’anomalies survenant lors du développement du testicule pendant la vie foetale et néonatale. En outre, de nombreuses données épidémiologiques, cliniques et expérimentales suggèrent que ces troubles pourraient être dus aux effets de xénobiotiques appelés perturbateurs endocriniens qui sont de plus en plus concentrés et présents dans notre environnement. Parmi les perturbateurs endocriniens, nous avons choisi de focaliser cette revue sur les phtalates pour diverses raisons: 1) ils sont très répandus dans l’environnement; 2) leurs concentrations dans de nombreux fluides biologiques humains ont été mesurées y compris pendant la grossesse; 3) les données expérimentales utilisant le modèle rat et suggérant une reprotoxicité sont nombreuses et pertinentes; 4) les effets délétères des phtalates sur le développement et sur les fonctions du testicule foetal de rat ont largement été étudiés; 5) quelques données épidémiologiques humaines suggèrent un effet reprotoxique des phtalates aux concentrations retrouvées dans l’environnement, au moins durant la vie néonatale. Cependant, les effets directs des phtalates sur le testicule foetal humain n’avaient jamais été étudiés. Comme nous l’avions fait chez le rat dans les années 1990, nous avons récemment développé et validé un système de culture organotypique de testicule foetal humain qui permet de maintenir in vitro le développement des différents types cellulaires. Dans ce système, l’ajout de 10−4M de MEHP (mono-2-éthylhexyl phtalate), le phtalate le plus répandu, n’a aucun effet sur la production de testostérone basale ou stimulée par l’hormone lutéinisante (LH), mais il réduit le nombre de cellules germinales en augmentant leur apoptose et sans modifier leur prolifération. Nos données constituent la première donnée expérimentale montrant que les phtalates altèrent le développement du testicule foetal humain. En outre, en utilisant le même système de culture organotypique, il est intéressant de comparer la réponse au MEHP chez l’Homme et chez les rongeurs pour analyser la pertinence des tests toxicologiques basés sur le modèle rongeur.
Overuse Injuries in High School Runners: Lifetime Prevalence and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Sayres Lauren C. , McCurdy Mary L. , Collado Hervé , Sainani Kristin L. , Fredericson Michael 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate lifetime prevalence and risk factors for overuse injuries in high school athletes currently participating in long‐distance running and provide recommendations for injury prevention strategies.DesignRetrospective study design.SettingTwenty‐eight high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area.ParticipantsA total of 442 female and 306 male athletes, ages 13‐18 years, who are on cross‐country and track and field teams.MethodsOnline survey with questions that detailed previous injuries sustained and risk factors for injury.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrevious overuse injuries and association of risk factors to injury (including training variables, dietary patterns, and, in girls, menstrual irregularities).ResultsPrevious injuries were reported by 68% of female subjects and 59% of male subjects. More injury types were seen in girls (1.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.0 ± 1.0, P < .01). Both genders had similar participation in running (2.5 ± 2.2 versus 2.3 ± 2.1 years), and previous injury prevalence followed a similar pattern: tibial stress injury (girls, 41%; boys, 34%), ankle sprain (girls, 32%; boys, 28%), patellofemoral pain (girls, 21%; boys, 16%), Achilles tendonitis (girls, 9%; boys, 6%), iliotibial band syndrome (girls, 7%; boys, 5%), and plantar fasciitis (girls, 5%; boys, 3%). Higher weekly mileage was associated with previous injuries in boys, (17.1 ± 11.9 versus 14.1 ± 11.5, P < .05) but not in girls (14.4 ± 10.2 versus 12.6 ± 11.8, not significant). A strong association between higher mileage and faster performances was seen in both groups. No association between previous injury and current dietary patterns (including disordered eating and calcium intake) or menstrual irregularities was seen.ConclusionsThe majority of athletes currently participating in high school cross‐country and track and field have a history of sustaining an overuse injury, with girls having a higher prevalence of injury. A modest mileage reduction may represent a modifiable risk factor for injury reduction. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of incorporating a comprehensive strength training program on the prospective development of overuse injury and performance in this population.
Treatments for Osteoporosis in People With a Disability
Authors: Smith Éimear M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe morbidity from osteoporotic fractures for people with a disability is considerable because of the increased risk of medical complications, loss of independence and mobility, and prolonged hospitalization. The frequency with which low bone mineral density occurs in people with a disability is now well recognized, and professionals have a greater awareness of the need to investigate bone mineral density levels with a view to preventing fragility fractures. After patients with osteoporosis are identified, the challenge is to treat them appropriately. This article reviews the physical and pharmacologic measures that have been researched in the prevention and treatment of low bone mineral density in people with a disability.