bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FINITELY GENERATED GRADED MULTIPLICATION MODULES
Authors: ZAMANI NASER 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLet R = ⊕i ∈ ℤRi be a ℤ-graded ring and M = ⊕i ∈ ℤMi be a graded R-module. Providing some results on graded multiplication modules, some equivalent conditions for which a finitely generated graded R-module to be graded multiplication will be given. We define generalised graded multiplication module and determine some of its certain graded prime submodules. It will be shown that any graded submodule of a finitely generated generalised graded multiplication R-module M has a kind of primary decomposition. Using this, we give a characterisation of graded primary submodules of M. These lead to a kind of characterisation of finitely generated generalised graded multiplication modules.
Highways, heroes, and secular martyrs: the symbolics of power and sacrifice
Authors: MANAGHAN TINA 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article examines the subtle and not so subtle shifts in Canadian political culture that have taken place in, through and alongside the so-called ‘return’ of the Canadian warrior. It begins from the contention that while the racialised dimensions of the post 9/11 Canadian security state have been well analysed elsewhere, the gendered dimensions have not been fully explored. This article explores the re-emergence of a sacrificial imaginary in Canadian culture through an examination of seemingly irreconcilable accounts that have emerged of the Canadian security state – one that reads ‘Canada’ through the story of the torture and repatriation of Canadian citizen, Maher Arar, and one that tells the story of ‘Canada at War’ through the warrior's return. It examines both in terms of the tensions and instabilities they reveal in the Western liberal imaginary and in terms of the ways in which they collectively operate to redefine the aesthetic borders of the Canadian political community. The article argues that the sacralisation of violence which has refound this political community has been enabled by a remasculinised aesthetic that delimits the ‘progressive liberalism’ which animated theCanada of Old– ostensibly in order to protect it.
UNE RACE TRYPANOTOLERANTE MÉCONNUE: LA BORGOU
Authors: Dehoux J.P. , Verhulst A. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMELe Borgou possède des qualités intéressantes d'adaptation et de productivité en milieu infesté de glossines. Localisée principalement au nord du Bénin et au nord-ouest du Nigéria, cette race trypanotolérante est cependant menacée par un métissage accru avec du sang zébu. Dans le cadre de la promotion et du développement du bétail trypanotolérant dans la lutte contre la trypanosomose animale, les capacités d'élevage de ce type de bétail devraient inciter les organismes régionaux et internationaux à mettre en place un programme de conservation de ce patrimoine génétique.
AVANCES EN LA CONSERVACION Y ESTUDIO DEL BOVINO CRIOLLO ARGENTINO PATAGONICO
Authors: Martinez R. D. , Rodriguez C. A. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENEn el presente trabajo se detallan los avances logrados en la recuperación del Bovino Criollo Patagónico a partir de una población asilvestrada, ubicada en el Parque Nacional“Los Glaciares”. Además, se informa de los primeros resultados experimentales obtenidos a partir de los animales extraidos de diferentes sectores de dicho Parque y que hoy se encuentran emplazados en establecimientos privados fuera del área protegida.
RESSOURCES GENETIQUES ANIMALES DU CAMEROUN
Authors: O. Messine , V.N. Tanya , D.A. Mbah , C.L. Tawah 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe authors presented in this article a well documented review of the local cattle, sheep and goat populations in relation to the possibility of conservation planning. While the zebu and zebulike cattle populations are in the majority, it is possibly the Bos taurus populations that are of particular interest as they represent only about 1 % of the cattle population but are reputed to be trypanotolerant. Sheep and goats are kept in small family units (approximately 5 animals) mainly for slaughter purposes on special occasions (national and religious feasts) and for cash flow purposes. A short presentation of the prevailing local breed selection schemes and the introduction of non-indigenous genetic material, mainly for cross breeding purposes are also given.
The productivity of Polish Wrzosówka sheep in conditions of preservation
Authors: Kiec W. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Polish Wrzosówka is an old breed of sheep native to Poland. The Wrzosówka sheep restoration programme was begun in Poland in the 1970s. A total of 160 ewes and 27 rams, characterised by great variation, formed the foundation stock. Currently, a total of 1 400 sheep are bred in 8 flocks. The Polish Wrzosówka is an aseasonal breed (3 lambings per year are possible) and is characterised by very high prolificacy of 175–180%. It is a furcoat sheep and its high-quality pelts are mainly used for velour production. The breed has very well developed maternal ability and is well adjusted to harsh environments conditions
Genetic relationships between Native Sheep breeds in Nigeria based on microsatellite DNA polymorphisms
Authors: Olufunmilayo Adebambo , Williams J.L. , Blott Sara , Urquhart B. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe genetic relationship among Nigeria's breeds of sheep and their crosses was studied using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. DNA samples extracted from four Nigeria's breeds of sheep (West African Dwarf, the Balami, Uda and Yankassa) and their crosses were analysed using 30 Bovine microsatellite markers for diversity studies. Twenty of the markers were amplified by the sheep genome. Nineteen of the loci were polymorphic and were used to calculate genetic distances (Ds) between the breeds based on allele frequencies of the microsatellite. The phylogenetic relationships between the breeds were similarly estimated.With the total number of loci studied, 285 alleles were generated and a high degree of heterozygosity was recorded (0.57 to 0.72). A relatively high degree of reliability could be placed on the tree topology with the relationship between breeds displaying a closer relationship between the Yankassa and Uda (Ds 0.356). The genetic distance was 0.432, 0.534 and 0.665 between the West African Dwarf (WAD) and the Yankassa, Uda and Balami respectively which also indicated a closer relationship between the Yankassa and the WAD compared to the essentially Northern breeds (Uda and Balami). This further confirms the evolutionary divergence of the breeds which makes them distinct entities.The data suggests that microsatellite DNA markers are very useful tools for studying the genetic relationships among these sheep breeds. The highly polymorphic alleles could similarly be exploited in breed improvement and development.
Strategies for the conservation of the indigenous Kerry Cattle of Ireland
Authors: Olori V.E. , Wickham B. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Kerry is the most numerous of the three surviving indigenous breeds of cattle in Ireland. With a total population currently under a thousand animals it is listed as endangered in the World Watch list. Conservation efforts currently focus on bothin situand ex situ conservation. This approach is possible because of the existence of a few enthusiastic pedigree breeders, a breed society and a herdbook with registrations dating back to the 19thcentury. The Kerry cattle population is small with overlapping generations. The main objective in its conservation is to minimise inbreeding and conserve genetic variation. The Irish Cattle Breeding Federation (ICBF) was recently mandated to support and co-ordinate the conservation efforts which are centred around minimum coancestry selection, a mating advisory service, semen and embryo cryoconservation. To this end, a mean relationship system was developed for the routine computation of inbreeding and provision of a mating advisory system. Four bulls are identified annually for semen collection and storage. A second scheme aims to identify 15 cows for embryo cryoconservation over a three-year period. Future conservation efforts will benefit from the collation of Kerry cattle breeding and production information in a central database. This and a study of the dynamics of the Kerry cattle population are future priorities for ICBF in an effort to prevent the extinction of the Kerry cattle.
Breed characteristics of Mecheri sheep
Authors: Karunanithi K. , Purushothaman M.R. , Thiruvenkadan A.K. , Singh G. , Sadana D.K. , Murugan M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis study was carried out on 2 309 households in 60 villages with the objective of documenting the performance of Mecheri sheep in their native environment. The study revealed that Mecheri sheep were distributed in Salem, Erode, Karur, Namakkal and parts of Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu. This tract lies in the north-western agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu and the climate is generally hot, semi-arid and tropical in nature.The average flock size of Mecheri sheep was 24, of which, there were 1 ram, 17 ewes and 6 lambs. Mecheri sheep of medium size with a compact body and covered with short hairs, which are not shorn. They are light brown in colour. Their profile reveals a slightly Roman nose. Both males and females are polled. The pooled means for height at withers, chest girth and body length at above 24 months of age were 67±0.4, 74±0.4 and 66±0.4 cm, respectively. The body weight of the animals at birth 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age was 2.82±0.01, 10.9±0.1, 15.6±0.1, 17.6±0.2 and 21.1±0.1, kg respectively. The dressing percentage of males and females was 54.4±0.4 and 51.8±0.5, respectively. Average ages at first oestrus, mating and lambing were 12.1±0.1, 12.4±0.1 and 17.4±0.1 months, respectively. The average lambing interval was 226±0.7 days and the average litter size was one.
Mild depressive symptoms, self-reported disability, and slowing across multiple functional domains
Authors: Albert Steven M. , Bear-Lehman Jane , Burkhardt Ann 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Subthreshold depressive symptoms are common in older adults. The threshold for the clinical significance of such symptoms is unclear. Mechanisms linking depressed mood to increased risk of disability need further investigation.Methods: Among older adults who did not meet criteria for depression, respondents reporting no anhedonia and dysphoria over the past two weeks were compared to respondents reporting occasional symptoms with respect to self-reported disability and cognitive, psychomotor, and physical performance tests.Results: Of 312 community-resident participants without dementia, 35.3% (n = 110) reported one or both of the two depressive symptoms at mild severity (no more than “several days” in the past two weeks). Older adults with mild depressive symptoms reported more physician-diagnosed medical conditions (2.2 vs. 1.8, p < 0.01) and mobility problems (3.0 vs. 1.8, 0–7 scale, p < 0.001), and were slower in gait (0.80 vs. 0.73 m/sec, p < 0.01) and speed of cognitive processing (Trail B, 166.1 vs. 184.7 sec, p < 0.001). In regression models that adjusted for sociodemographic and medical status, subthreshold symptoms were not a significant correlate of slowing in gait speed or cognitive performance. However, subthreshold depressive symptoms were associated with self-reported mobility limitation in models that adjusted for observed performance.Conclusions: Mild depressive symptoms in this sample were not an independent correlate of slowed performance. However, the presence of mild depressive symptoms was associated with poorer appraisal of mobility after adjustment for objective measures of mobility.
Bcl6 in pulmonary epithelium coordinately controls the expression of the CC‐type chemokine genes and attenuates allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Seto T. , Yoshitake M. , Ogasawara T. , Ikari J. , Sakamoto A. , Hatano M. , Hirata H. , Fukuda T. , Kuriyama T. , Tatsumi K. , Tokuhisa T. , Arima M. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background There is synteny in the CC‐type chemokine gene clusters between humans (CCL2/MCP‐1, CCL7MCP‐3, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL8/MCP‐2, CCL13/MCP‐4, and CCL1/I‐309) and mice (CCL2, CCL7, CCL11, CCL12/MCP‐5, CCL8, and CCL1).
Objective As many putative Bcl6/STAT‐binding sequences are observed in the clusters, we examined the roles of a transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and the regional histone modification in the expression of these chemokine genes in pulmonary epithelium.
Methods We generated transgenic (Tg) mice carrying the Bcl6 or the dominant‐negative (DN)‐Bcl6 gene under the control of the surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter that induces the exogenous gene expression in the distal lung epithelium. For in vitro studies, A549, alveolar type II‐like epithelial cell line transfected with the SPC‐DN‐Bcl6 gene were stimulated with IL‐4+TNF‐α, and Bcl6 or STAT6 binding to and histone modification of the cluster in the transfectants were analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Tg mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were challenged with OVA inhalation. The amounts of mRNAs in each sample were analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR.
Results The amount of Bcl6 bound to the cluster decreased in A549 cells stimulated with IL‐4 and TNF‐α, whereas STAT6 binding increased in association with regional histone H3‐K9/14 acetylation and H3‐K4 methylation. The expression of all chemokine genes in the gene cluster was augmented in activated A549 cells transfected with the DN‐Bcl6 gene. We also induced allergic airway inflammation in Tg mice. Expression of the chemokine genes and infiltrated cell numbers in the lungs of these Tg mice with allergic airway inflammation were inversely correlated with the amount of Bcl6 in the lungs.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Expression of the pulmonary epithelium‐derived CC‐type chemokine genes in the cluster is orchestrated by the conserved machinery related to Bcl6. Thus, Bcl6 in pulmonary epithelium may be a critical regulator for pathogenesis of various pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
Cite this as: T. Seto, M. Yoshitake, T. Ogasawara, J. Ikari, A. Sakamoto, M. Hatano, H. Hirata, T. Fukuda, T. Kuriyama, K. Tatsumi, T. Tokuhisa and M. Arima, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1568–1578.
Klauwboeken ‐ Entstehung, Entwicklung und Überlieferung
Authors: Alma Redmer 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe so-called ‘klauwboeken’ are a source exclusively found in the Ommelanden, an area in the present province of Groningen, as a product of its characteristic local judicial organisation. In the Late Middle Ages this region was immediate to the Emperor, had no intermediary landlords and was characterized by a de facto absence of higher government. The office of local judge rotated until 1795 in a fixed order, as recorded in the ‘klauwboeken’, among those who were entitled to it and owned this right as a private property. In this article the origin, development, and tradition of this source is considered as part of the legal history and the development of literacy in the Ommelanden.
The Nomenclature of Humanistic Scripts
Authors: Derolez Albert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractProposal for a new classification and nomenclature of Humanistic book scripts, in the line of the classification and nomenclature of Gothic book scripts developed by G.I. Lieftinck and J.P. Gumbert and augmented and systematized by myself. Three basic types are distinguished: Humanistica Textualis, Humanistica Semitextualis and Humanistica Cursiva.
Past, Present and Future of the International Law of Transboundary Aquifers
Authors: Mechlem Kerstin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article discusses the development of international groundwater law from the first codification efforts of modern water law until present and raises relevant issues for the way forward. It first traces international groundwater law from the 1960s until the end of the last century. It then reviews the growing attention groundwater has received during the last decade and third discusses the status quo. It places particular emphasis on the 2008 Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers adopted by the International Law Commission and the legal arrangements made for five of the 273 transboundary aquifers. It concludes with thoughts on the way forward in this important and understudied area of international law.
“Canniball Negroes,” Atlantic Creoles, and the Identity of New England’s Charter Generation
Authors: Thornton John K. , Heywood Linda M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the early seventeenth century, New England merchants were heavily involved in privateering raids on Spanish and Portuguese shipping in the Caribbean and in capturing slave ships, almost entirely sent from Angola. Knowing the specific background and historical events in Angola allows us to solve a number of mysterious appearances, such as Imbangala (“canniball negroes”) raiders, and a “queen” who was probably a member of the Kongo-Ndongo nobility whose enslaved members also appear in Brazilian records of the same epoch. Careful use of contemporary and dense documentation of Angola and shipping allow this greater nuance and opens the way for other research.
The Egyptian Chronology from the Start of the Twenty-Second until the End of The Twenty-Fifth Dynasty: Facts, Suppositions and Arguments*
Authors: Broekman Gerard P. F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA recent proposition by R. Morkot and P. James to shorten the period from the start of the Twenty-second until the end of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty prompted the author to investigate what unquestionable chronological data we have, what are the theories and suppositions founded on those data and how these theories and suppositions have been substantiated. In the author’s view it may be concluded from this investigation not only that the arguments advanced by Morkot and James are inappropriate to substantiate the chronological reduction advocated by them, but also that on historical considerations their theory is untenable.
Mathematical modelling of the sorption dynamics of radionuclides by natural clinoptilolite in permeable reactive barriers
Authors: Nikashina V. A. , Serova I. B. , Kats E. M. , Tikhonov N. A. , Tokmachev M. G. , Novgorodov P. G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe anthropogenic accidents in the world (including the underground emergency nuclear explosion at the site “Kraton-3” (Yakutiya) and also the recent Fukushima accident) resulted in significant environmental pollution by radionuclides, mainly long-lived 90Sr and 137Cs. One of the ways to solve this problem is the creation of “permeable reactive barriers” (PRBs). High selectivity of clinoptilolite-containing tuffs (CLT) towards Sr2+ and Cs+ radionuclides, together with their availability and reasonable cost, make possible their use as PRBs. The scales of the ion-exchange processes taking place on PRBs indicate the necessity of mathematical modelling. In this connection, Sr2+ and Cs+ ion-exchange sorption on Khonguruu CLT (Yakutiya) from solutions of various mineralizations was studied under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. The physicochemical and mathematical models of the dynamic ion-exchange process and also the computer program considering both structural features of CLT (two-stage particle diffusion kinetics) and possible periodic interruptions of the process were developed. The breakthrough time of CLT as a geochemical barrier was calculated by such mathematical modelling.
Small signal admittance spectroscopy applied for extraction of charge carrier mobility in thin organic layers
Authors: Jarosz G. , Signerski R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe work presents new way of extraction of charge carrier mobility from small signal spectra of admittance. It can be a useful method for thin organic layers in a sandwich arrangement. It is better than the version of small signal admittance currently applied for getting charge carrier mobility, since the final result is not charged with uncertainty of geometric capacitance and the upper limit of measurable charge carrier mobility is higher.
Examining the Similarities and Differences of OMERACT Core Sets Using the ICF: First Step Towards an Improved Domain Specification and Development of an Item Pool to Measure Functioning and Health
Authors: ESCORPIZO REUBEN , BOERS MAARTEN , STUCKI GEROLD , BOONEN ANNELIES 
Published: August 2011

Objective.To contribute to the discussion on a common approach for domain selection in the Outcomes in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) process. First, this article reports on the consistency in the selection and names of the domains of the current OMERACT core set, and next on the comparability of the specifications of concepts that are relevant within the domains. For this purpose, a convenience sample of 4 OMERACT core sets was used: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), longitudinal observational studies (LOS) in rheumatology, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Domains from the different core sets were compared directly. To be able to compare the specific content of the domains, the concepts contained in the questionnaires that were considered or proposed to measure the domains were identified and linked to the category of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) that best fit that construct. Large differences in the domains, and lack of domain definitions, were noted among the 4 OMERACT core sets. When comparing the concepts in the questionnaires that represent the domains, core sets differed also in the number and type of constructs that were addressed within each of the domains. Especially for the specification of the concepts within the domains Discomfort and Disability, the ICF proved to be useful as external reference to classify the different constructs. Our exercise suggests that the OMERACT process could benefit from a standardized approach to select, define, and specify domains, and demonstrated that the ICF is useful for further classification of the more specific concepts of “what to measure” within the domains. A clear definition and classification of domains and their specification can be useful as a starting point to build a pool of items that could then be used to develop new instruments to assess functioning and health for rheumatological conditions.
Measurement of Proliferative Responses of Cultured Lymphocytes
Authors: Muul Linda Mesler , Heine Guido , Silvin Christopher , James Stephen P. , Candotti Fabio , Radbruch Andreas , Worm Margitta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMeasurement of proliferative responses of human lymphocytes is a fundamental technique for the assessment of their biological responses to various stimuli. Most simply, this involves measurement of the number of cells present in a culture before and after the addition of a stimulating agent. This unit contains several different prototype protocols to induce proliferation in lymphocytes following exposure to mitogens, antigens, allogeneic or autologous cells, or soluble factors. Each of these protocols can be used in conjunction with an accompanying protocol, which contains methods to determine cell proliferation by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA by nonradioactive methods, e.g., reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT or WST‐1). These protocols provide an estimate of cell proliferation indirectly by measuring DNA synthesis, and cell metabolic activity in an entire cell population, but no data on individual cells is obtained. A protocol for CFSE labeling allows direct detection of single proliferating cells and facilitates the quantification of cell divisions by flow cytometry according to the respective CFSE‐dilution, and following costaining with fluorescent labeled antibodies, the characterization of subpopulations in the cell culture. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 94:7.10.1‐7.10.26. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.