bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudopecoelus sosoae sp. nov. and P. sewelli (Digenea, Opecoelidae) from the deep-sea fish Neoscombrops pacificus (Perciformes, Acropomatidae) off New Caledonia
Authors: Bray Rodney , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPseudopecoelus sosoae sp. nov. and P. sewelli Bray, 1990 are described from the rare fish Neoscombrops pacificus from the deep-sea (about 200–400 m) off Nouméa, New Caledonia, the southernmost report of this fish species. A visual key based on 12 characters is presented, which shows that P. sosoae is distinguished from the most similar species (P. vulgaris, P. elongatus, P. priacanthi, P. akamachi and P. sphyraenae) by its very large eggs, elongate body and unlobed gonads. P. sewelli has a similar shape, but much smaller eggs and lobed gonads.
Digenean trematodes of Seriolella porosa (Pisces, Centrolophidae) in San Matías Gulf, Argentina
Authors: Guagliardo Silvia , Schwerdt Carla , Martorelli Sergio , Galeano Noelia , Tanzola Ruben 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeriolella porosa (Silver warehou) is an important fish resource in the Argentine Sea. No previous studies have been carried out to date on its parasite fauna. The present study aims to (i) identify the digenean trematodes that parasitize Silver warehou, (ii) estimate parasite frequency and abundance, and (iii) establish their relationship with fish size and sex. A total of 100 specimens of S. porosa from San Matías Gulf, Argentina were examined between September and October 2006. Host size and sex were determined. Parasites extracted from the stomach lumen were fixed, conserved in 5% formalin, and stained with Langeron’s hydrochloric carmine. The following parameters were also determined: dispersion coefficient, prevalence, intensity, and parasite abundance. Differences in parasitism were assessed using non-parametric tests. Four adult digenean species were found in the stomach, namely Lecithocladium cristatum, Aponurus laguncula, Elytrophalloides oatesi and Gonocerca cf. phycidis. L. cristatum was not only dominant but also the most prevalent and abundant species. None of the digeneans showed interspecific association with each other and therefore they might follow different patterns of colonization (i.e., different intermediate hosts, seasonal and/or spatial distribution of the infective stages). Significant differences were observed among the digeneans analyzed in respect to the sex of the host. Results from this study show that Silver warehou plays a key role as a final host of a significant number of digeneans in the ecosystem. This study is the first step in an attempt to further determine the larval stages in intermediate hosts in San Matías Gulf.
Redescription of Monodontella giraffae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 (Nematoda, Ancylostomatidae) from a giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis, from Zoo in China, with a discussion on the taxonomic status of Monodontella
Authors: Ming Zhu , Zhang Li , Zhang Luping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMonodontella giraffae Yorke et Maplestone, 1926 was collected from the biliary duct of liver of a dead giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus) from the Tianjin Zoo, Tianjin, China. A redescription of this species was made using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lateral alae and the detailed structures of the spicules and genital cone were observed for the first time by SEM. The taxonomic status of the genus is discussed.
Introgression of distant mitochondria into the genome of Gyrodactylus salaris: Nuclear and mitochondrial markers are necessary to identify parasite strains
Authors: Ziętara Marek , Rokicka Magdalena , Stojanovski Stojmir , Lumme Jaakko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNovel combinations of mitochondrial DNA (CO1) and internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) were detected among Gyrodactylus parasites on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)), and Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica (Karaman)) from salmonid farms in Poland and Macedonia. Some clones differed from standard ITS only by ≤ 4 nucleotides, but they belonged to a mtDNA clade that differed from the Northern European lineages of G. salaris by d MCL = 0.266 ± 0.108 (maximum composite likelihood distance). The divergence of d MCL = 0.013 ± 0.005 within the alien mtDNA clade suggested introgression from an unknown maternal ancestor into the G. salaris Malmberg genome 137 to 57 kyr ago (or, less probably, repeated introgression). A comparable modern hybrid was detected based on permanently heterozygous ITS (28 bp/1264 = 2.2%) in a clone that is widespread throughout Finnish rainbow trout farms. This was a F1 hybrid of maternal G. pomeraniae Kuusela, Ziętara et Lumme (on roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.)) and G. lavareti Malmberg (on whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.)). The mtDNA of the parental species differed by d MCL = 0.290 ± 0.130. The observations emphasize that both nuclear and maternally-inherited DNA markers are necessary to characterize sexually-produced lineages or clones of Gyrodactylus. The hybridization events demonstrated predict incongruence of mitochondrial vs. nuclear gene trees, i.e., reticulate evolution in species trees.
Distinct Hip and Rearfoot Kinematics in Female Runners With a History of Tibial Stress Fracture
Authors: Milner Clare E. , Hamill Joseph , Davis Irene S. 
Published: January 2010

Study Design Cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. Objectives To investigate the kinematics of the hip, knee, and rearfoot in the frontal and transverse planes in female distance runners with a history of tibial stress fracture. Background Tibial stress fractures are a common overuse injury in runners, accounting for up to half of all stress fractures. Abnormal kinematics of the lower extremity may contribute to abnormal musculoskeletal load distributions, leading to an increased risk of stress fractures. Methods Thirty female runners with a history of tibial stress fracture were compared to 30 age-matched and weekly-running-distance-matched control subjects with no previous lower extremity bony injuries. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a motion capture system and a force platform, respectively, as subjects ran in the laboratory. Selected variables of interest were compared between the groups using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results Peak hip adduction and peak rearfoot eversion angles were greater in the stress fracture group compared to the control group. Peak knee adduction and knee internal rotation angles and all joint angles at impact peak were similar between the groups. Conclusion Runners with a previous tibial stress fracture exhibited greater peak hip adduction and rearfoot eversion angles during the stance phase of running compared to healthy controls. A consequence of these mechanics may be altered load distribution within the lower extremity, predisposing individuals to stress fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(2):59–66. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3024
Time Line for Noncopers to Pass Return-to-Sports Criteria After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hartigan Erin H. , Axe Michael J. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: January 2010

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objectives Determine effective interventions for improving readiness to return to sports post-operatively in patients with complete, unilateral, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture who do not compensate well after the injury (noncopers). Specifically, we compared the effects of 2 preoperative interventions on quadriceps strength and functional outcomes. Background The percentage of athletes who return to sports after ACL reconstruction varies considerably, possibly due to differential responses after acute ACL rupture and different management. Prognostic data for noncopers following ACL reconstruction is absent in the literature. Methods Forty noncopers were randomly assigned to receive either progressive quadriceps strength-training exercises (STR group) or perturbation training in conjunction with strength-training exercises (PERT group) for 10 preoperative rehabilitation sessions. Postoperative rehabilitation was similar between groups. Data on quadriceps strength indices [(involved limb/uninvolved limb force) × 100], 4 hop score indices, and 2 self-report questionnaires were collected preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare functional differences between the groups. Chi-square tests were used to compare frequencies of passing functional criteria and reasons for differences in performance between groups postoperatively. Results Functional outcomes were not different between groups, except a greater number of patients in the PERT group achieved global rating scores (current knee function expressed as a percentage of overall knee function prior to injury) necessary to pass return-to-sports criteria 6 and 12 months after surgery. Mean scores for each functional outcome met return-to-sports criteria 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Frequency counts of individual data, however, indicated that 5% of noncopers passed RTS criteria at 3, 48% at 6, and 78% at 12 months after surgery. Conclusion Functional outcomes suggest that a subgroup of noncopers require additional supervised rehabilitation to pass stringent criteria to return to sports. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(3):141–154. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3168
Smart Microcapsules Encapsulating Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube Cores
Authors: Choi Won San , Yang Hye Min , Koo Hye Young , Lee Ha‐Jin , Lee Young Boo , Bae Tae Sung , Jeon Il Cheol 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe encapsulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a reconfigurable conglomerate within iron oxide microcapsules is demonstrated. The individual CNTs conglomerate and form a core inside the capsule upon exposure to high temperature, while they scatter when subjected to mild sonication at low pH. The assembly/disassembly of CNTs within the capsule was reversible and could be repeated by alternate heating and sonication. Also, the fabrication protocol could be used for the generation of various multifunctional hollow structures. To test the feasibility of using the capsules in real applications, the capacity of the capsules as a heavy metal ion remover was explored. The resulting capsules showed an excellent ability to remove lead and chromium ions. In addition, desorption of the metal ions adsorbed on the CNTs could be induced by exposure to low pH. Thus, encapsulated CNTs might be a recyclable, environmentally friendly agent for the removal of heavy metal ions.
Colloidal‐Crystal‐Assisted Patterning of Crystalline Materials
Authors: Li Cheng , Qi Limin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractColloidal crystals have shown great potential as versatile templates for the fabrication of patterned micro‐ and nanostructures with complex architectures and novel properties. The patterning of functional crystalline materials in two and three dimensions is essential to the realization of their applications in many technologically important fields. This article highlights some recent progress in the fabrication of 2D and 3D patterned crystalline materials with the assistance of colloidal crystals. By combining a bioinspired synthetic strategy based on a transient amorphous phase with a colloidal‐crystal templating method, unique 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) calcite single crystals can be created. Moreover, patterned arrays of regular ZnO nanopillars with controlled size, shape, and orientation can be fabricated via a facile wet chemical approach by using masks derived from monolayer colloidal crystals (MCC).
The effect on energy expenditure of walking on gradients or carrying burdens
Authors: Kramer Patricia Ann 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of people walking while carrying burdens and/or on gradients has been of interest to anthropologists for some time. No empirical equation exists, however, to assess the energetic expenditure of individuals traveling downhill with burdens and whether or not all people increase their energetic expenditure over unburdened level travel when carrying relatively light burdens (<20% of body mass) remains unclear. To begin to rectify this lacunae, gait parameters, physiological variables, and the energetic expenditure of 11 adults were assessed as they walked with burdens of 5 and 10 kg on a level treadmill and while they walked unburdened on gradients ±8 and ±16%. These data were then compared to predictive equations and data available from the literature. Velocity and body mass were combined with gradient and burden mass, where appropriate, as independent covariates to create predictive equations, which explained >80% of the variation in energetic expenditure. These new equations are appropriate for predicting energetic expenditure in people carrying burdens of <20% of total body mass or walking up and downhill at gradients of <20%. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved network performance via antagonism: From synthetic rescues to multi‐drug combinations
Authors: Motter Adilson E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent research shows that a faulty or sub‐optimally operating metabolic network can often be rescued by the targeted removal of enzyme‐coding genes – the exact opposite of what traditional gene therapy would suggest. Predictions go as far as to assert that certain gene knockouts can restore the growth of otherwise nonviable gene‐deficient cells. Many questions follow from this discovery: What are the underlying mechanisms? How generalizable is this effect? What are the potential applications? Here, I approach these questions from the perspective of compensatory perturbations on networks. Relations are drawn between such synthetic rescues and naturally occurring cascades of reaction inactivation, as well as their analogs in physical and other biological networks. I specially discuss how rescue interactions can lead to the rational design of antagonistic drug combinations that select against resistance and how they can illuminate medical research on cancer, antibiotics, and metabolic diseases. Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssaysThe evolutionary context of robust and redundant cell biological mechanisms AbstractReprogramming cell fates: reconciling rarity with robustness Abstract
Mechanisms in dominant parkinsonism: The toxic triangle of LRRK2, α‐synuclein, and tau
Authors: Taymans Jean‐Marc , Cookson Mark R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is generally sporadic but a number of genetic diseases have parkinsonism as a clinical feature. Two dominant genes, α‐synuclein (SNCA) and leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), are important for understanding inherited and sporadic PD. SNCA is a major component of pathologic inclusions termed Lewy bodies found in PD. LRRK2 is found in a significant proportion of PD cases. These two proteins may be linked as most LRRK2 PD cases have SNCA‐positive Lewy bodies. Mutations in both proteins are associated with toxic effects in model systems although mechanisms are unclear. LRRK2 is an intracellular signaling protein possessing both GTPase and kinase activities that may contribute to pathogenicity. A third protein, tau, is implicated as a risk factor for PD. We discuss the potential relationship between these genes and suggest a model for PD pathogenesis where LRRK2 is upstream of pathogenic effects through SNCA, tau, or both proteins.
Versatile Stamps in Microcontact Printing: Transferring Inks by Molecular Recognition and from Ink Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Huaping , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicrocontact printing is a heavily used surface modification method in materials and life science applications. This concept article focuses on the development of versatile stamps for microcontact printing that can be used to bind and release inks through molecular recognition or through an ink reservoir, the latter being used for the transfer of heavy inks, such as biomolecules and particles. Conceptually, such stamp properties can be introduced at the stamp surface or by changing the bulk stamp material; both lines of research will be reviewed here. Examples include supramolecular stamps with affinity properties, polymer‐layer‐grafted PDMS stamps, and porous multilayer‐grafted PDMS stamps for the first case, and hydrogel stamps and porous stamps made by phase‐separation micromolding for the second. Potential directions for future advancement of this field are also discussed.
Bimetallic Au–Ni Nanoparticles Embedded in SiO2 Nanospheres: Synergetic Catalysis in Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Jiang Hai‐Long , Umegaki Tetsuo , Akita Tomoki , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Haruta Masatake , Xu Qiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGold–nickel nanoparticles (NPs) of 3–4 nm diameter embedded in silica nanospheres of around 15 nm have been prepared by using [Au(en)2Cl3] and [Ni(NH3)6Cl2] as precursors in a NP‐5/cyclohexane reversed‐micelle system, and by in situ reduction in an aqueous solution of NaBH4/NH3BH3. Compared with monometallic Au@SiO2 and Ni@SiO2, the as‐synthesized Au–Ni@SiO2 catalyst shows higher catalytic activity and better durability in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane, generating a nearly stoichiometric amount of hydrogen. During the generation of H2, the synergy effect between gold and nickel is apparent: The nickel species stabilizes the gold NPs and the existence of gold helps to improve the catalytic activity and durability of the nickel NPs.
Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Chromium(III) Removal by Macroporous Ion Exchanger Amberlyst‐15 (H+)
Authors: Mustafa S. , Shah K. H. , Naeem A. , Waseem M. , Ahmad T. , Sarfraz S. , Irshad M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChromium(III) sorption on macroporous strong cation exchanger Amberlyst‐15 (H+) was studied as a function of time and temperature. The rate constant values for chromium(III) sorption were calculated both for film and particle diffusion processes. The temperature was found to have a positive effect on both the diffusional processes. From the rate constant values, the energy of activation was calculated using the well‐known Arrhenius equation. The high values of energy of activation confirmed the film diffusional nature of the process. Equilibrium data were explained with the help of Langmuir equation. Various thermodynamic parameters (ΔH⊖, ΔS⊖ and ΔG⊖) from chromium(III) exchange on the resin were calculated. The ΔG⊖ values were found to be negative while both the ΔH⊖ and ΔS⊖ were positive.
Novel Coumarin‐based Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Bisulfite Anion in Water
Authors: Chen Kangyu , Guo Yuan , Lu Zhenhuan , Yang Bingqin , Shi Zhen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCoumarins and its analogues have been widely used as chromophore in design of fluorescent probe, while less coumarin‐based fluorescent probe was reported for detection of anion in water. In this article, coumarin‐based fluorescent probes with salicylaldehyde functionality as recognition unit have been developed for selective detection of bisulfite anions in water. Four novel fluorescent probes were synthesized from 4‐haloresorcinol in three steps. The chemoprobe exhibited selective response to bisulfite over other anions. Moreover, the detection mechanism was studied. Upon bisulfite added, the fluorescent intensity of the probes was enhanced highly due to the nucleophilic addition reaction of formyl group with bisulfite anion.
Determination of Diethylstilbestrol in Aquatic Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Xu Yingjiang , Geng Jinpei , Zhang Xiuzhen , Zhang Shijuan , Tian Xiuhui , Liu Huihui 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA sensitive method for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in aquatic products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector (FLD) was developed. By means of sulfonation in concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrolysis, DES was converted into a reaction product that can emit fluorescence and determined by HPLC. For the first time, HPLC with FLD was applied to the determination of DES and sensitivity comparable to that of LC‐MS gained. The limit of detection was 0.1 µg·kg−1, and the recoveries were above 86% with relative standard deviations less than 6.2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DES in aquatic products.
Physical Properties of Water Near a Gold Surface: A Nanorheological Analysis
Authors: Soares David Mendez , Tenan Mário Alberto , Gomide Andreza Barbosa , Gomes Wyllerson Evaristo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWater at room temperature is not simply a medium for which uniform properties can always be assumed. Water close to solid hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces has elasticity, which is measured by monitoring the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonant frequency and resistance. Small additions of salt are shown to modify this elasticity. Furthermore, near the hydrophobic QCM gold electrode, undersaturated aqueous NaCl solutions present a high concentration of ion pairs, which is confirmed by atomic force microscopy through force versus distance measurements.
Utilizing a novel root companding transform technique to reduce PAPR in OFDM systems
Authors: Chang Po‐Hao , Jeng Shiann‐Shiun , Chen Jia‐Ming 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOne major defect in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) at the transmitter. The linear nonsymmetrical transform (LNST) technique, one of the companding transform (CT) techniques for PAPR reduction, offers excellent performance, but requires additional side information. In this paper, a new ‘root CT’ technique without additional side information is proposed, and it can reach a good trade‐off between the PAPR reduction and the bit error rate (BER). The theoretical analysis of the proposed root technique is also derived. The simulation results show that the proposed root CT technique can achieve more efficient PAPR reduction and better power spectrum density than those of the LNST technique. The BER of the proposed CT technique without additional side information is close to that of the LNST technique with additional side information when the AWGN or multipath fading channels are considered. Furthermore, the simulation results also demonstrate that the proposed technique offers better performance than that of the µ‐law technique over the AWGN and multipath fading channels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal patterns of blowing sand
Authors: Stout John E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe diurnal pattern of blowing sand results from a complex process that involves an interaction between solar heating, thermal instability, atmospheric turbulence, wind strength, and surface threshold conditions. During the day, solar heating produces thermal instability, which enhances the convective mixing of high momentum winds from the upper levels of the atmosphere to the surface layer. The sun also dries the sand surface so that the critical threshold is as low as possible. Thus, in the afternoon, the combination of strong turbulent winds and a low surface threshold increases the likelihood that winds may intermittently exceed the critical threshold of the surface to produce bursts of blowing sand. Here an attempt has been made to explore this dynamic aeolian process using a new method for monitoring the diurnal pattern of blowing sand. This technique involves detecting blowing sand with a piezoelectric saltation sensor to determine the relative proportion of time that blowing sand is detected for a given ‘time of day’. Measurements taken over a seven‐month period on the high plains of the Llano Estacado of West Texas and eastern New Mexico suggest that sand movement tends to occur more frequently during daylight hours with a peak in aeolian activity occurring in the afternoon between 14:00 and 15:00 Local Standard Time (LST). Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.