bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the effect of flow depth on sediment discharged by rain‐impacted flows from sheet and interrill erosion areas: a review
Authors: Kinnell Peter Ian Alexander 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSediment, nutrients and pollutants discharged from sheet and interrill erosion areas by rain‐impacted flows may influence water quality in streams and rivers. The depth of water on the soil surface influences the capacity of raindrop impacts to detach soil material underlying rain‐impacted flows, and a number of so‐called process‐based and mechanistic models erroneously use equations on the basis of the effect of water depth on splash erosion to account for this effect. Also, a number of these models require complex mathematical solutions to make them operate and can only predict sediment composition and discharges well if many of their parameters are calibrated specifically to the situations where they are being applied. Experiments with rain‐impacted flows, where flow depth and velocity over eroding surfaces have been controlled, have been reported in the literature and provide more appropriate equations to account for the drop size – flow depth interactions that affect detachment and transport of particles in rain‐impacted flows. There is a need to develop modeling approaches that rely on relevant data obtained under well‐controlled flow conditions where flow depths and velocities are known. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tiam1 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Huang Jing , Ye Xianghua , Guan Jian , Chen Bin , Li Qisheng , Zheng Xiaokang , Liu Laiyu , Wang Shuang , Ding Yanqing , Ding Yi , Chen Longhua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that overexpression of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we tried to further investigate the potential roles of Tiam1 in the progression of HCC in a larger set of samples. By detecting Tiam1 expression in 213 HCC patients, we observed that Tiam1 had a higher probability of being overexpressed in HCC patients with metastasis than those without metastasis (68.3% vs. 52.7%, p = 0.036). In addition, the cell line with high metastatic potential expressed more Tiam1 than did the cell line with low metastatic potential. Overexpression of Tiam1 was suggested to be significantly correlated with HCC metastasis. We stably upregulated Tiam1 expression in MHCC97L as well as knocked down Tiam1 expression in HCCLM6. We also investigated the effects of Tiam1 overexpression and knockdown on HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and on tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Overexpression of Tiam1 increased proliferation, migration and invasion of MHCC97L cells, while knockdown of Tiam1 in HCCLM6 cells resulted in the reverse. In vivo functional studies showed upregulation of Tiam1 expression led to an enhancement of tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in mice. However, knockdown of Tiam1 expression exhibited nearly 2.2‐fold retardation in tumor growth and great inhibition on tumor metastases. Our results indicate that Tiam1, as a metastasis‐related gene, may contribute to HCC invasion and metastasis, and consequently, it may be a useful biomarker for therapeutic strategy and control in HCC treatment.
Targeting of syndecan‐1 by microRNA miR‐10b promotes breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness via a Rho‐GTPase‐ and E‐cadherin‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Ibrahim Sherif A. , Yip George W. , Stock Christian , Pan Jun‐Wei , Neubauer Claudia , Poeter Michaela , Pupjalis Danute , Koo Chuay Yeng , Kelsch Reinhard , Schüle Roland , Rescher Ursula , Kiesel Ludwig , Götte Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractmicroRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNAs, which post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression. In breast cancer, overexpression of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan‐1, a predicted target of the oncomiR miR‐10b, correlates with poor clinical outcome. To investigate the potential functional relationship of miR‐10b and syndecan‐1, MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells were transiently transfected with pre‐miR‐10b, syndecan‐1 siRNA or control reagents, respectively. Altered cell behavior was monitored by proliferation, migration and invasion chamber assays, and time‐lapse video microscopy. miR‐10b overexpression induced post‐transcriptional downregulation of syndecan‐1, as demonstrated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, and 3′UTR luciferase assays, resulting in increased cancer cell migration and matrigel invasiveness. Syndecan‐1 silencing generated a copy of this phenotype. Adhesion to fibronectin and laminin and basal cell proliferation was increased. Syndecan‐1 coimmunoprecipitated with focal adhesion kinase, which showed increased activation upon syndecan‐1 depletion. Affymetrix screening and confirmatory qPCR and Western blotting analysis of syndecan‐1‐deficient cells revealed upregulation of ATF‐2, COX‐2, cadherin‐11, vinculin, actin γ 2, MYL9, transgelin‐1, RhoA/C, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and heparanase, and downregulation of AML1/RUNX1, E‐cadherin, CLDN1, p21WAF/CIP, cyclin‐dependent kinase 6, TLR‐4, PAI1/2, Collagen1alpha1, JHDM1D, Mpp4, MMP9, matrilin‐2 and ANXA3/A10. Video microscopy demonstrated massively increased Rho kinase‐dependent motility of syndecan‐1‐depleted cells, which displayed increased filopodia formation. We conclude that syndecan‐1 is a novel target of the oncomiR miR‐10b. Rho‐GTPase‐dependent modulation of cytoskeletal function and downregulation of E‐cadherin expression are identified as relevant effectors of the miR‐10b‐syndecan‐1 axis, which emerges as a promising target for the development of new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
Clinical characteristics influence in vitro action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human marrow stromal cells
Authors: Zhou Shuanhu , Glowacki Julie , Kim Sung Won , Hahne Jochen , Geng Shuo , Mueller Stefan M , Shen Longxiang , Bleiberg Ilan , LeBoff Meryl S 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Vitamin D is important for bone health, with low vitamin D levels being associated with skeletal fragility and fractures. Among its other biological activities, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), stimulates the in vitro differentiation of human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) to osteoblasts, which can be monitored by increases in alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity or osteocalcin gene expression. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that age and clinical attributes of subjects influence in vitro responsiveness of hMSCs to 1,25(OH)2D3. In a cohort of subjects whose hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow discarded during hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis, there were significant inverse correlations with age for bone mineral density, renal function, body mass index, fat mass index, and lean mass index (n = 36–53). There were significant correlations with serum 25(OH)D for serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), body mass index, fat mass index, and lean mass index (n = 47–50). In vivo–in vitro correlation analyses indicated that there were significantly greater in vitro effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 to stimulate osteoblast differentiation in hMSCs obtained from subjects who were younger than 65 years of age, or who had serum 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL, elevated serum PTH, or better renal function, assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate. The greater in vitro stimulation of osteoblast differentiation by 1,25(OH)2D3 in hMSCs from vitamin D-deficient subjects suggests that vitamin D replenishment may lead to more vigorous bone formation in subjects at risk. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Peptide-based mediated disruption of N-cadherin-LRP5/6 interaction promotes Wnt signaling and bone formation
Authors: Haÿ Eric , Buczkowski Thibault , Marty Caroline , Da Nascimento Sophie , Sonnet Pascal , Marie Pierre J 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in skeletal biology and diseases. In osteoblasts, we recently showed that the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin interacts with the Wnt coreceptors LRP5/6 to regulate osteogenesis. In this study we investigated whether targeting the intracellular domain of N-cadherin that interacts with LRP5/6 may promote Wnt signaling and bone formation. By investigating the molecular interactions between the Wnt coreceptors LRP5/6 and N-cadherin, we identified specific LRP5/6- and N-cadherin–interacting intracellular domains that impact Wnt/β-catenin signaling in murine osteoblasts. We showed that truncated N-cadherin constructs that impair N-cadherin-LRP5/6 interactions promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast differentiation. Based on this finding, we developed a peptide-based approach targeting N-cadherin-LRP5 interaction for promoting Wnt signaling and osteoblast function. We found that a competitor peptide containing the 28 last amino acids of LRP5 disrupts LRP5/6-N-cadherin interaction and thereby enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoblasts. We also show that the peptide-mediated disruption of N-cadherin-LRP5/6 interaction increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast function in vitro and promotes calvaria bone formation in vivo. The targeted competitor peptide-based strategy reported here may provide a novel approach to stimulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling that can be used for promoting osteoblast function and bone formation. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Time‐dependent dosing of Fe2+ for improved lipopeptide production by marine Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Rangarajan Vivek , Dhanarajan Gunaseelan , Kumar Ramya , Sen Ramkrishna , Mandal Mahitosh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lipopeptide production is strongly influenced by trace metals. The availability of free Fe2+ in the media throughout the process of fermentation was found to be very critical. Since free Fe2+ was reported to be sequestered by the lipopeptide as it was produced, intermittent feeding of Fe2+ was strategized and optimized for enhanced lipopeptide production by marine Bacillus megaterium in glucose mineral salts medium (GMSM).RESULTS: Studies with the single‐dose Fe2+ (0.48 mmol L−1) supplementation after 8 h of fermentation resulted in lipopeptide concentration of 3.3 ± 0.1 g L−1. Lipopeptide production was further enhanced to 4.2 ± 0.15 g L−1 by adopting a multi‐dose Fe2+ feeding strategy. The maximum product yield (YP/S) of 0.24 ± 0.02 g g−1 with specific product formation rate (qp) of 0.124 ± 0.01 g g−1 h−1 was achieved when 0.48 mmol L−1 Fe2+ was fed intermittently at different times as per the designed strategy.CONCLUSION: Lipopeptide concentration was improved 4.7‐fold by single‐dosing and 5.8‐fold by multiple dosing of Fe2+, when compared with GMSM without Fe2+ supplementation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling and performance evaluation of chromatographic monosaccharide recovery from concentrated acid lignocellulosic hydrolysates
Authors: Heinonen Jari , Sainio Tuomo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chromatographic fractionation of concentrated acid lignocellulosic hydrolysates was investigated. The goal was to present a model that can be used in designing and performance evaluation of the fractionation process. Simple models were fitted to the experimental sorption data of the main components of the hydrolysates (sulfuric acid, monosaccharides, and acetic acid) on CS16GC resin. A column model which takes into account resin shrinking was derived.RESULTS: Simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The isotherm models predicted correctly the co‐operative effect of H2SO4 on the sorption of the other adsorbates. The effect of column loading on the productivity of the separation process was studied with simulations. With 20 wt% H2SO4, the highest productivity was obtained with 11.5 vol% column loading. In addition, a process consisting of concentrated acid lignocellulose hydrolysis, batchwise chromatographic separation, and H2SO4 recycling was investigated. With the recycling, the maximum productivity was obtained with 18.2 vol% column loading.CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the entire reactor‐separation process with internal recycling must be considered when evaluating the performance of the monosaccharide‐acid separation step. Process performance was found to decrease with increasing feed concentration of sulfuric acid. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Start up of biological sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and short‐term biomass acclimation for polyhydroxyalkanoates production
Authors: Valentino Francesco , Brusca Angelo Antonio , Beccari Mario , Nuzzo Andrea , Zanaroli Giulio , Majone Mauro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The adaptation/selection of mixed microbial cultures under feast/famine conditions is an essential step for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. This study investigated the short‐term adaptation of a mixed microbial culture (activated sludge) during the start up of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR).RESULTS: Four different SBR runs were performed starting from different inocula and operated at the same organic load rate (8.5 gCOD L−1 d−1) and hydraulic retention time (1 day). At 3–7 days from SBR start up, the selected biomass was able to store PHA at comparable rate and yield with those obtained after long‐term acclimation. Independently from the time passed, a short feast phase was the key parameter to obtain PHA storage at high rate and yield in the following accumulation stage (244 mgCOD g−1CODnonPolym h−1 for specific storage rate and 48% COD COD−1 as PHA content in the biomass). The DGGE profiles showed that the good storage performance and the structure of the microbial community were not fully correlated.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a new strategy for operating the PHA accumulation stage directly in the SBR, after very short biomass adaptation, instead of using two separate reactors for biomass enrichment and PHA accumulation, respectively. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Cell immobilization technique for biotrickle filtering of isopropyl alcohol waste vapor generated by high‐technology industries
Authors: Tsai Shen‐Long , Lin Chi‐Wen , Wu Chih‐Hung , Xin Baoping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: A bench‐scale biotrickling filter coupled with Pseudomonas citronellolis YAIP521‐immobilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/alginate beads was developed for kinetic analysis of microbial removal of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), an organic solvent widely used for fabricating wafers and printed circuit boards.RESULTS: Response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the optimal ratio of PVA to alginate was 7.5 g to 0.8 g. More than 95% of IPA removal could be achieved at an inlet concentration of 220 ± 34 ppm (w/w) under short residency time. System stability decreased under high IPA concentration and intermittent shock‐loading conditions but increased when using cell‐immobilized beads because the buffer effect limited the adverse impacts of high IPA concentrations on microorganisms, and the system gradually stabilized with IPA removal efficiency as high as 95%. Nevertheless, qPCR indicated that intermittent shock‐loading decreased the biomass in the beads.CONCLUSION: The experimental results showed that the biotrickling filter system developed effectively diminishes the inhibitory effects of elevated IPA concentration on microbial growth, thereby solving the problem of high IPA loading often encountered in the electronic high‐tech industries. The design of the system along with the population dynamics and reaction kinetics provide superior information to ensure the success of the biotrickling filter system. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND HISTORY: MAKING SENSE OF HEALTH FINANCING IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Eme Ichoku Hyacinth , Fonta William. M. , Ataguba John E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that fundamental to lack of progress towards universal coverage in sub‐Saharan Africa is an elitist post‐colonial political economy that dominates the social organisation in the sub‐region. Too often, it seems that analyses of these issues ignore history and take no or little account of these post‐colonial influences that today still have a bearing on policy in various sectors, especially in health care. We conclude that the achievement of this objective has to be a long‐term process but one that cannot forget history. Various influences are, however, already moving societies in the right direction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate of change of composition of lettuce in response to nitrogen depletion or re‐supply
Authors: Gent Martin P N 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lettuce accumulates high levels of nitrate when grown in winter in heated greenhouses. Temporarily removing nitrate from the nutrient solution may lower tissue nitrate. The composition of hydroponic lettuce was examined over a 6‐ to 13‐day interval of nitrogen depletion or re‐supply.RESULTS: Growth responses were delayed by 6 days or more after changing N supply, except root growth responded in 3–4 days. The total nitrogen increased or decreased for 6 days. When measured in the light, nitrate concentration changed 10‐fold in roots within 2 days. The change in leaf and petiole tissue was slower. Amino acids responded to a change in N‐supply within 1 day in leaf and root. All tissues of N‐depleted plants had more sugars compared to N‐sufficient plants within 2 days after the start of depletion. Nitrogen depletion had reversible effects on growth or tissue concentrations if applied for only 6 days.CONCLUSIONS: Tissue nitrate changed more rapidly than total nitrogen, or growth responses. However, nitrate changed more slowly in petiole than in leaf blade or roots, and larger plants have more biomass in petioles. Thus, clearing nitrate from lettuce is slower for large compared to smaller lettuce plants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in mandarin fruit: a cell wall approach
Authors: Holland Nély , Nunes Francisca L da Silva , de Medeiros Igor U Dantas , Lafuente Maria Teresa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: High‐temperature conditioning (3 days at 37 °C and 95% relative humidity), which protects ‘Fortune’ mandarins from chilling injury (CI), manifested as pitting in the outer part of the peel (flavedo), was applied prior to cold storage (2 °C) in order to investigate the involvement of cell wall composition in the chilling tolerance of mandarins.RESULTS: Both low‐temperature storage and high‐temperature conditioning barely modified the alcohol‐insoluble substance (AIS) content or the degree of pectin esterification in the flavedo. Water‐soluble pectins (WSP) were higher in heat‐conditioned than in non‐conditioned fruits at the onset of CI. In addition, the heat‐conditioning treatment was able to increase chelator‐soluble pectins (CSP) after short cold storage periods. Covalently bound polyuronides in alkali‐soluble pectins (ASP) increased only in fruits with high incidence of CI. Cellulose and hemicellulose increased at 2 °C in both conditioned and non‐conditioned fruits, indicating that these polysaccharides may be altered by low temperature but are not related to chilling‐induced damage.CONCLUSION: High‐temperature conditioning may reduce chilling‐induced flavedo pitting in ‘Fortune’ mandarin fruit by maintaining normal levels of WSP and increasing putative sites for calcium bridge formation within the cell wall, but not by inducing changes in other matrix cell wall components. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The Effect of Melt Extrusion Process Parameters on Rotary‐Evaporated Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites
Authors: Radhakrishnan Vinod K. , Davis Virginia A. , Davis Edward W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDesign of experiments is employed to investigate the interrelationships between processing and nanotube surface chemistry on the properties of PP nanocomposites. Statistically significant effects of nanomaterial type and concentration, extrusion temperature, screw speed, and recirculation time, and their interactions, on nanocomposite thermal properties and stability are isolated. The effects of these factors on the shear storage modulus, the low‐frequency slope of the shear storage modulus, decomposition temperature, and melt temperature are explored. Nanotube concentration has the most significant effect in enhancing the decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite, while long extrusion time and higher temperatures lead to deteriorated properties.magnified image
Water‐Stable Nonwovens Composed of Electrospun Fibers from Aqueous Dispersions by Photo‐Cross‐Linking
Authors: Giebel Elisabeth , Greiner Andreas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCopolymers of MMA, BA, and MABP are prepared by radical emulsion polymerization in water. As a result aqueous dispersions of these copolymers are obtained with particle sizes around 60–120 nm. After addition of some PVA the dispersions are electrospun. The resulting fibers display different morphologies depending on the copolymer composition. Inter‐ and intra‐particle cross‐linking is achieved by photo‐cross‐linking induced by the MABP moieties yielding fibers with good thermomechanical properties depending on the content of MABP. With this approach, thermomechanically stable electrospun fibers with smooth surface structure can be obtained by electrospinning from water. magnified image
MR imaging of the amide‐proton transfer effect and the pH‐insensitive nuclear overhauser effect at 9.4 T
Authors: Jin Tao , Wang Ping , Zong Xiaopeng , Kim Seong‐Gi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe amide proton transfer (APT) effect has emerged as a unique endogenous molecular imaging contrast mechanism with great clinical potentials. However, in vivo quantitative mapping of APT using the conventional asymmetry analysis is difficult due to the confounding nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and the asymmetry of the magnetization transfer effect. Here, we showed that the asymmetry of magnetization transfer contrast from immobile macromolecules is highly significant, and the wide spectral separation associated with a high magnetic field of 9.4 T delineates APT and NOE peaks in a Z‐spectrum. Therefore, high‐resolution apparent APT and NOE maps can be obtained from measurements at three offsets. The apparent APT value was greater in gray matter compared to white matter in normal rat brain and was sensitive to tissue acidosis and correlated well with apparent diffusion coefficient in the rat focal ischemic brain. In contrast, no ischemia‐induced contrast was observed in the apparent NOE map. The concentration dependence and the pH insensitivity of NOE were confirmed in phantom experiments. Our results demonstrate that in vivo apparent APT and NOE maps can be easily obtained at high magnetic fields and the pH‐insensitive NOE may be a useful indicator of mobile macromolecular contents. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.