bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10, nerve growth factor and substance P in the painful degenerate intervertebral disc
Authors: Richardson Stephen M , Doyle Paul , Minogue Ben M , Gnanalingham Kanna , Hoyland Judith A 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be involved in the degradation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) during intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. This study investigated MMP-10 (stromelysin-2) expression in the NP during IVD degeneration and correlated its expression with pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules involved in innervation and nociception during degeneration which results in low back pain (LBP).

Methods
Human NP tissue was obtained at postmortem (PM) from patients without a history of back pain and graded as histologically normal or degenerate. Symptomatic degenerate NP samples were also obtained at surgery for LBP. Expression of MMP-10 mRNA and protein was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression for pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nerve growth factor (NGF) and the pain-associated neuropeptide substance P were also analysed. Correlations between MMP-10 and IL-1, TNF-α and NGF were assessed along with NGF with substance P.

Results
MMP-10 mRNA was significantly increased in surgical degenerate NP when compared to PM normal and PM degenerate samples. MMP-10 protein was also significantly higher in degenerate surgical NP samples compared to PM normal. IL-1 and MMP-10 mRNA demonstrated a significant correlation in surgical degenerate samples, while TNF-α was not correlated with MMP-10 mRNA. NGF was significantly correlated with both MMP-10 and substance P mRNA in surgical degenerate NP samples.

Conclusions
MMP-10 expression is increased in the symptomatic degenerate IVD, where it may contribute to matrix degradation and initiation of nociception. Importantly, this study suggests differences in the pathways involved in matrix degradation between painful and pain-free IVD degeneration.
On the limits of stability of ships rolling in head seas
Authors: Neves M A S , Rodríguez C A , Vivanco J E M 
Published: August 2009

Limits of stability are a well-known and practical way of looking into the problem of parametric resonance. In the present paper an in-depth analysis of parametric rolling is presented employing the concept of limits of stability as a tool for improved understanding and assessment of the complex dynamics embedded in the problem of non-linearly coupled parametric rolling in extreme regular seas. A third-order coupled mathematical model is considered. The coupled modes of heave, roll, and pitch are contemplated. By means of the analysis of the linear variational equation derived from the extended third-order model, the appearance of super-harmonics and increased rigidity — proportional to wave amplitude squared — due to third-order terms is demonstrated. The mathematical model is then cast in the form of a Hill's equation. Two important new aspects are addressed: the possible appearance of upper limits to the unstable area of the diagram; and the computation of numerical limits of stability. These new limits are compared with the analytical results. Subsequently, by computing the bifurcation diagrams, the dependence of the limits of stability on the initial conditions is shown. Finally, the basins of attraction corresponding to two internal regions of the domain of unstable motions are computed.
Beta-Expansions with Negative Bases
Authors: Ito Shunji , Sadahiro Taizo 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This paper investigates representations of real numbers with an arbitrary negative base –β < –1, which we call the (–β)-expansions. They arise from the orbits of the (–β)-transformation which is a natural modification of the β-transformation. We show some fundamental properties of (–β)-expansions, each of which corresponds to a well-known fact of ordinary β-expansions. In particular, we characterize the admissible sequences of (–β)-expansions, give a necessary and sufficient condition for the (–β)-shift to be sofic, and explicitly determine the invariant measure of the (–β)-transformations.
Convergence in Möbius Number Systems
Authors: Kazda Alexandr 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The Möbius number systems use sequences of Möbius transformations to represent the extended real line or, equivalently, the unit complex circle. An infinite sequence of Möbius transformations represents a point x on the circle if and only if the transformations, in the limit, take the uniform measure on the circle to the Dirac measure centered at the point x. We present new characterizations of this convergence.
Moreover, we show how to improve a known result that guarantees the existence of Möbius number systems for some Möbius iterative systems.
As Möbius number systems use subshifts instead of the whole symbolic space, we can ask what is the language complexity of these subshifts. We offer (under some assumptions) a sufficient and necessary condition for a number system to be sofic.
On the Boundary of the Set of the Closure of Contractive Polynomials
Authors: Pethő Attila 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
For and a = (a
1, . . . , ad
)
T
∈ ℤ
d
, let τ

r
(a) = (a
2, . . . , ad
, –⌊r

T

a⌋)
T
. Further, let . In this paper we prove that if some roots of the polynomial Xd
+ rdX

d–1 + ⋯ + r
2
X + r
1 are t -th roots of unity and the others lie in the open unit disc, then |a

k+t
– ak
| < c
1 with a constant c
1 which does not depend on k. Under some conditions this yields an algorithm to decide whether the sequence is, for all a, ultimately periodic, or becomes divergent for some a.
We study the boundary of the closure of 𝒟3 and show that large parts of it belong to 𝒟3, while others lie outside 𝒟3.
Efficiency of sediment quality guidelines for predicting toxicity: The case of the St. Lawrence river
Authors: Desrosiers Mélanie , Babut Marc P , Pelletier Magella , Bélanger Caroll , Thibodeau Suzie , Martel Louis 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Multitiered frameworks that are designed for risk assessment of contaminated sediment rely on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) at the first tier or screening level. In the case of contamination by multiple pollutants, results can be aggregated under indices such as the mean quotient. A decision is then reached (e.g., to dispose of dredged materials in open water) without further investigation, provided that the SQGs or the specific values of indices or quotients derived from the SQGs are not exceeded. In this way, SQGs and quotients play a critical role in environmental protection. As part of the development of a tiered framework to assess the environmental risk of materials dredged from the St. Lawrence River, we evaluated various quotients based on SQGs available for this river with a data set that matches chemistry and toxicity test endpoints. The overall efficiency of all tested quotients was rather low, and we then examined factors such as sediment grain size, nutrients, metal-binding phases (e.g., Al, Fe), and dissolved organic carbon to explain misclassified samples. This examination led to the design of a modified tier 1 framework in which SQGs are used in combination with decision rules based on certain explanatory factors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:225–239. © 2009 SETAC
Continuous Improvement in Slop-Mud Treatment Technology
Authors: McCosh K. , Kapila M. , Dixit R. , Way P. , Phipps J. S. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
Oil-based drilling fluids can become contaminated with significant quantities of water as a result of low efficiency wellbore displacements to water or brine and from operations such as rig and pit cleaning. The presence of excess emulsifiers and oil-wet solids in typical oil-based drilling fluids allows large quantities of water to be emulsified. These oil-continuous emulsions are often termed slop muds.
This paper presents a process for separating and recycling slop muds in a continuous process. Analytical data on the effects of water contamination on oil-based mud, the resultant slop-mud structure, the influence of shear, and quantification of the critical factors controlling phase-separation and chemical dose will be presented. In addition, treatment of the slop-mud on a continuous basis will be demonstrated both on the laboratory and full scale defining the important process parameters, such as mixing energy, phase recovery rate, recovered drilling fluid properties, and treated water properties.
Development of an understanding of the slop-mud stream enabled a novel continuous treatment system to be built that provides efficient and fast phase separation with recovery of the valuable drilling fluid phase, with significant advantages over current batch-type systems. The process requires in-line injection and mixing of surfactant into the slop mud, then continuous separation of the waste into water and drilling fluid using a gravity separator. The drilling fluid remains as a water-in-oil emulsion containing solids and other chemical additives, which can be reconditioned to acceptable properties for reuse. The water recovery rates are typically 70 to 90 vol% of the total water present in the slop mud. This recovered water is treated using centrifugation, filtration, or other water-treatment techniques to meet or exceed discharge consent limits of 15 mg/L total petroleum hydrocarbon. Water collected in the rig deck-drain system that may also be contaminated with oil or oil-based mud can also be treated in the same manner as the recovered slop water.
Because the process allows continuous treatment of the slop-mud stream, the resultant equipment has significant benefits over the current batch-type systems, including higher throughput and decreased footprint.
Microwave Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings at Pilot Scale
Authors: Robinson John , Kingman Sam , Snape Colin , Bradley Michael , Bradshaw Steven , Thomas Dominic , Page Paul 
Published: August 2009

Summary
This paper details a new technology for the continuous treatment of contaminated drill cuttings at a throughput of 500 kg/hr, and can be scaled up for use in offshore locations.
The change in legislation for oily cuttings discharges in the North Sea at the beginning of the century resulted in the introduction of a 1% residual oil limit for discharged cuttings. At the time, because nothing was capable of achieving a 1% level offshore, only two options existed to deal with oily cuttings: containment for onshore processing (skip and ship), and injection (CRI). With time, a thermomechanical cuttings cleaning process has produced cuttings with oil &lt;1%, although with a significant deck space impact and restricted throughput.
Previous studies have shown that microwave treatment is able to reduce oil levels to well below 1% in a laboratory environment, and this work has studied the scale up of the system to a 500 kg/hr continuous process. The manufacture of a pilot-scale cuttings treatment system involved the collaboration between microwave and electromagnetic engineering specialists, bulk solids handling, and process engineering disciplines. The feed cuttings are conditioned in a solids mixer before being fed by way of a conveyor to a specifically designed microwave cavity. The oil is removed and recovered using an extraction and condensation system, with the product oil being very similar in composition to the base oil in the drilling mud. Residual oil levels of &lt;0.1% are obtainable, and cuttings throughputs of 500 kg/hr are possible using a 30-kW microwave source. The microwave process typically consumes 60 kWh of electrical energy per tonne of cuttings, and the trade-off between microwave power, residual oil content, cuttings throughput, and overall energy requirements are discussed in this paper.
This is the first step in the development of a modular system, with low-deck impact, flexible processing rates, and reduced environmental signature.
Measuring Drillpipe Buckling Using Continuous Gyro Challenges Existing Theories
Authors: Weltzin Tore , Aas Bjarne , Andreassen Espen , Lindland Martin 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Drillpipe buckling affects the industry in many operational aspects, like motor sliding problems, liner running, or weight transfer for downhole equipment activation.
The authors believed the existing nonrotating buckling theories applied in drilling software needed challenging by physically measuring buckling in a realistic setup of well geometry and drillstring sizes and comparing the results with the buckling theories.
The tests were performed in a 2020 m measured depth (MD) research well, with a buildup and 60° tangent geometry (Aas 2008). Various configurations of a tapered string with 5- and 3½-in. drill-pipe as well as drill collars were used. The tests were performed without torque or rotation being applied to the drillstring.
A novel approach was using a high accuracy continuous gyro to measure the string geometry changes (i.e., buckling) as function of axial load. Both downhole and topside tension devices were applied to measure weight transfer.
Several data sets recording buckling and weight transfer were obtained. The gyro measurements of drillstring geometry changes clearly demonstrated the onset and type of drillstring buckling. Weight transfer was measured under the different buckling states and demonstrated that lockup occurs before reaching a helically buckled state. This might alter operational practice regarding the design of running strings.
The results have been compared with predictions from standard buckling models. Necessary model enhancements are suggested.
The work has potential to improve buckling and weight-transfer models. The potential outcome will be more accurate predictions for sinusoidal and helical buckling and their effects on weight transfer. Ultimately, this will lead to better decision making and understanding in drilling and completion operations.
The Implementation of CLIL and Attitudes Towards Trilingualism
Authors: Lasagabaster David 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Linguistic and cultural diversity is becoming an inherent feature of most schools in Europe. This is specially so in contexts such as the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain, where the presence of two official languages (Basque and Spanish) is complemented by the early teaching of English, which sets out as early as the age of four in the majority of schools. Nevertheless, the low foreign language command of Spanish students in general and the Basque students in particular has led to the implementation of CLIL experiences, which have been mushrooming in the last decade. Some voices have been raised though against the ever increasing presence of English due to its probable negative impact on language attitudes, especially on attitudes towards Basque. Many efforts have been made to normalize the situation of Basque at school and some scholars consider that these achievements can be jeopardized if the minority language yields too much space to the two international languages (Spain and English). In this paper the effect of CLIL programmes on attitudes towards trilingualism is examined through a holistic questionnaire completed by 277 secondary students. The results obtained demonstrate that CLIL can help to boost positive attitudes towards trilingualism at school, a matter of the utmost importance due to the ever increasing number of multilingual educational systems in Europe.
The Effect of Extensive Instruction on Learning the Passive Voice in Intermediate ESL
Authors: Balcom Patricia , Lee Siok H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of extensive form-focused instruction on a complex point of grammar, the passive voice in English. Subjects were 40 Sinophone ESL students in Grade 8 to 11, ranging in age from 13 to 17 (mean = 14.8). After a battery of pre-tests, subjects underwent an instructional phase of 7.5 hours during which they received explicit instruction on the forms and functions of the passive voice, enhanced input, implicit and negative feedback, and did a variety of exercises, from highly structured to guided writing. Post-tests were administered three weeks after the end of the instruction phase. Results showed that treatment had a significant effect on subjects\u2019 learning of the passive voice, and that the subjects were able to transfer their explicit knowledge to a communicative writing task.
Goos-Hänchen shift from an anisotropic metamaterial slab
Authors: Yu Guan-Xia , Fang Yun-Tuan , Cui Tie 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We have theoretically and numerically investigated the Goos-Hänchen shift (the lateral shift) from the anisotropic metamaterial slab. The sign and degree of the shift can be determined by the choices of the electromagnetic parameters and thicknesses of slab, which is different from the case of the isotropic media. We also find that the weak lossy may produce large positive or negative lateral shift.
On the modulation frequency dependence of the photoacoustic signal for a metal coated glass-liquid system
Authors: Marín Ernesto , Vera-Medina Gerardo , García Arturo , Calderón Antonio 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We show that the front photoacoustic signal due to a sample consisting of a glass plate with a metal coated surface, at which thermal waves are generated by periodical light absorption, enhances for certain modulation frequencies when the other glass surface is covered with a liquid sample. This contradicts the intuitive expectation based on the assumption that the liquid provides a new channel for heat conduction thereby decreasing the substrate temperature. Experimental results are shown and the described effect is explained using a thermal wave interference model.
Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus Plantalum CMU-FP002 on Oocyst Shedding by Broilers Inoculated with Eimeria Tenella
Authors: Kasornpikul Charunee , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Sirithanyalug Bussabun , Aeagwanich Worapol , Pewnim Thanit 
Published: August 2009

Coccidiosis is an infectious disease that causes the most widespread health problems in the broiler industry. This study indicated that chickens fed with the probiotic Lactobacillus plantalum CMU- FP002 exhibited an 85.63% reduction in the number of oocysts of Eimeria tenella shed in the faeces compared with the control group. The average number of oocysts shed by the group fed the probiotic and a group fed an antibiotic were both significantly (P<0.05) less than the average number of oocysts shed by the control group. Coccidiosis is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria and is the most consistently reported health problem in poultry (Biggs, 19–82; Rose et al, 1987; Williams, 1999). Generally, the number of oocysts shed in the faeces is dependent on the number of sporozoites and merozoites that penetrate the enterocytes for a given inoculum dose, and so represents the infection-resistant ability of broilers. Susceptibility to Eimeria can also be assessed on the basis of the number of oocysts obtained from droppings collected for four days starting on day 6 post-inoculation (Dalloul et al., 2005).
De l'économie libidinale à l'écologie de l'esprit
Authors: Stiegler Bernard 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Cet entretien voit se déployer les thèses suivantes : 1) le capitalisme doit d’abord être envisagé comme « économie libidinale » ; 2) cette économie libidinale est épuisée par l’hyper-industrialisation du capitalisme contemporain : le désir industriellement traité conduit à la destruction du désir ; 3) d’où la nécessité d’inventer une nouvelle forme de puissance publique capable d’effectuer une relance du désir. Les dommages écologiques sont en effet la conséquence d’une misère symbolique , misère des formes de vie et des pratiques. On ne pourra ainsi répondre à ces dommages qu’en proposant une véritable écologie de l’esprit.
Révolution informatique, écologie et recomposition subjective
Authors: Robin Jacques , Guattari Félix 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Les technologies informatiques et de la commande ne sont pas uniquement de l’ordre des techni-sciences mais interviennent dans la production de subjectivité. On ne peut pas séparer ces transformations des bouleversements politiques en cours. Le primat porté sur l’information comme nouvelle catégorie, à côté de l’énergie, accentue la production de nouvelles subjectivités et peut transformer la société en une société de communication. Mais ce concept est insuffisant si on ne l’associe pas à une « fonction existentielle » qui rende compte de la désaxation généralisée des coordonnées subjectives. La problématique de la recomposition subjective doit être posée par une re-finalisation des processus d’information, de télématisation, etc., sur d’autres systèmes de valeurs, du niveau de l’écologie mentale, jusqu’aux niveaux les plus planétaires. Nous sommes en co-pilotage avec une nature en situation. L’élément étonnant de cette symbiose, c’est la transformation radicale des rapports, des uns et avec les autres. L’écologie est un grand tournant, à condition que cette écologie soit mariée à la dimension sociale et économique, avec toute forme d’altérité, pour former une idéologie douce, qui fasse sa place aux nouvelles connaissances.
Formuler notre surexposition
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric , Citton Yves 
Published: August 2009

Résumé En nous faisant reconnaître notre moment historique comme relevant de la « surexposition » — entendue à la fois au sens des vaines images qui nous aveuglent de leur excès de brillance et au sens des corps exposés sans protection aux risques de radiations hostiles Frédéric Neyrat nous invite à « supporter le vide du monde », à chercher dans le « laisser-être » un rempart aux dérives de la production, et à inventer une « ontopolitique de sujets atopiques ».
Temps historique et sémantique politique dans la critique post-coloniale
Authors: Mezzadra Sandro 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Notre expérience du monde oscille entre deux pôles, l’unification-globalisa-tion et les turbulences. Les études postcoloniales se tiennent à la jonction, c’est tout leur intérêt. Elles remettent moins en cause la modernité que le schéma européen de la modernité, abstrait dans sa substance, linéaire dans le temps et l’espace (extension du centre aux périphéries). Les meilleures études postcoloniales sont sensibles aux ruptures dans la modernité et l’exemple d’Haïti est à ce titre éclairant, première révolte victorieu- se d’esclaves au moment même où se mettait en place la grande fabrique. Si l’on y a accordé aussi peu d’importance, c’est qu’il y a eu occultation. Mais cette occultation était pour partie inévitable. L’enregistrement et la narration connaissent leurs failles ; on ne concilie pas si facilement l’Histoire et les histoires. L’historiographie postcoloniale en fait précisément son enjeu.
Le tiers-espace
Authors: Bhabha Homi K. , Rutherford Jonathan 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Au nom de l’hybridité et de la « différence culturelle », qu’il oppose à la « diversité culturelle », l’auteur avance une critique du « libéralisme relativiste » au fondement des politiques « multiculturalistes » mises en place en Grande-Bretagne, critique qui montre en quoi ces politiques ont partie liée avec un certain universalisme ethnocentré.
&#8220;Les subalternes peuvent-illes parler&#160;?&#8221; et autres questions transcendentales
Authors: Montag Warren 
Published: August 2009

Résumé L’auteur repend la question soulevée au début des années 1990 par Gayatri Spivak dans un article célèbre et difficile : « Les Subalternes peuvent-illes parler ? », qui a alimenté d’interminables discussions dans le champ des études postcoloniales. Il entend montrer que la question est trompeuse, qu’il s’agit moins de savoir dans l’absolu si les subalternes peuvent parler — ils le font de toute évidence —, que de savoir s’ils parviennent à le faire et à se faire entendre lorsque cela importe vraiment, dans un contexte politique déterminé.