bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purified c‐phycoerythrin: safety studies in rats and protective role against permanganate‐mediated fibroblast‐DNA damage
Authors: Soni Badrish , Visavadiya Nishant P. , Dalwadi Nirav , Madamwar Datta , Winder Chris , Khalil Christian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity of cyanobacterial phycoerythrin (C‐PE) on three human cell lines by cell proliferation and neutral red uptake assays. No toxic effects of C‐PE were observed to any of the cell lines tested. The protective role of purified C‐PE to potassium permanganate‐mediated human fibroblast‐DNA damage was assessed by comet assay at 0 (control), 10 and 20 µg C‐PE ml−1 doses in pre‐, simultaneous and post‐mutagen exposure conditions. Significant DNA damage was detected only in post‐mutagen exposure conditions. Our findings confirmed that the C‐PE is non‐toxic and provides protection against permanganate‐mediated DNA damage. The preliminary acute (2000 mg C‐PE kg−1 body weight, b.w.) and 90 day sub‐chronic (0, 5, 15 and 25 mg C‐PE kg−1 b.w./day) oral toxicity studies of purified C‐PE in male albino rats showed no mortality or treatment‐related major clinical signs, and all the doses of C‐PE were well tolerated. The no observed adverse effect level and no observed effect level were found to be 15 and 5 mg C‐PE kg−1 b.w./day respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A convenient racemic synthesis of two isomeric tetrahydropyridyl alkaloids: Isoanatabine and anatabine
Authors: Rouchaud Anne , Kem William R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
magnified image Anatabine is a major alkaloid in Nicotiana tabacum and its isomer, isoanatabine, was recently found in a marine worm. Reduction of 1‐methylpyridinium iodide with sodium borohydride gave 1‐methyl‐3‐piperideine, which was transformed with hydrogen peroxide into the N‐oxide. Reaction of the N‐oxide successively with trifluoroacetic anhydride and potassium cyanide gave 2‐cyano‐1‐methyl‐3‐piperideine. Its reaction with 3‐pyridylmagnesium chloride gave (±)‐N‐methyl‐isoanatabine. This was transformed with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid into the N‐oxide which was N‐demethylated with iron(II) sulfate, giving (±)‐isoanatabine. The successive applications of literature procedures for the N‐demethylation by decomposition of N‐oxide contributed to the knowledge of the mechanism of this oxidative rearrangement. On the other hand, the reduction of 1‐methylpyridinium iodide with sodium borohydride and with potassium cyanide present since the start of the reaction in a two layer ether‐water system, gave 2‐cyano‐1‐methyl‐4‐piperideine. This was transformed into (±)‐anatabine by the same sequence of reactions used for the synthesis of (±)‐isoanatabine. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of some novel N‐alkyl/acyl/aroyl 2‐(chroman/6‐bromochroman‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazoles using ionic liquids and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Raut Changdev Namdev , Bagul Sandeep Madhukar , Janrao Ravindra Ashok , Vaidya Sanjay Dashrath , Kumar Bobba Venkata Siva , Mahulikar Pramod Pandurang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
magnified image Synthesis of some novel N‐substituted 2‐(chroman/6‐bromochroman‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazoles by the condensation of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐chroman‐2‐carboxylic acid and 6‐bromo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐chroman‐2‐carboxylic acid with o‐phenylenediamine in ionic liquid (IL) [bmim]BF4 and subsequent reactions at the benzimidazole‐NH with different types of electrophiles in ILs [bmim]BF4 = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim]PF6 = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and [buPy]BF4 = butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a base have been reported. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Some compounds exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium when compared to Cephalexin as a reference standard. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and characterization of new 3‐acyl‐7‐hydroxy‐6,8‐substituted‐coumarin and 3‐acyl‐7‐benzyloxy‐6,8‐substituted‐coumarin derivatives
Authors: Chimenti Franco , Bolasco Adriana , Secci Daniela , Bizzarri Bruna , Chimenti Paola , Granese Arianna , Carradori Simone 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
magnified image A new series of 3‐acyl‐6,7,8‐substituted coumarin derivatives has been synthesized in high yields (79–99%) and characterized by means of elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. We examined with particular attention the presence of an acyl group at position 3 (ethyl ester, carboxylic acid, and acyl chloride), and of a hydroxyl group at position 7 or a functionalized one like benzyloxy or phthalimido. The hydroxyl group has been modified by an etherification in presence of crown ether with substituted benzyl bromide or chloride to evaluate the influence on chemical characteristics and lipophilicity of coumarin nucleus. Halogens (Cl, Br) and methyl group were introduced in position 6 and 8 of the coumarin ring, respectively, in order to study their effect on reaction feasibility. Some of these 3‐acyl derivatives have been recently assayed as MAO inhibitors and as intermediates (i.e. reactive chloride derivative) to design new anti‐Helicobacter pylori agents. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Microcirculation of secondary bone tumors in vivo: The impact of minor surgery at a distal site
Authors: Schaefer Christian , Fuhrhop Ina , Schroeder Malte , Viezens Lennart , Otten Jasmin , Fiedler Walter , Rüther Wolfgang , Hansen‐Algenstaedt Nils 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicrocirculatory properties of tumors play a pivotal role in tumor progression and inefficacy of therapies. It has been hypothesized that surgical interventions result in an accelerated tumor growth by increasing the level of pro‐angiogenic cytokines with subsequent amplification of tumor angiogenesis. To characterize the microvascular properties of secondary bone tumors in vivo and determine the impact of minor surgery on the microcirculation, we performed intravital microscopy over 25 days using a xenograft model of breast cancer tumor growth (MCF‐7) in bone. After engraftment of tumors the mice were treated with a mastectomy versus no surgery. Tumor growth was accompanied by angiogenic sprouting and decreased vascular diameters while blood flow rate and tumor perfusion remained constant. Mastectomy initially led to a significant reduction of functional vascular density, increased vascular diameter, and decreased blood flow velocities. However, neither tumor growth nor tissue perfusion was different between the groups. The presented study corroborates the assumption that tumor microcirculation in bone exhibits similar time‐dependent alterations compared to soft tissue tumors. A minor surgical intervention did not change tumor growth kinetics however microcirculatory properties were altered. Whether major surgery has an impact on tumor growth in bone should be clarified in further studies. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1515–1521, 2010
Optimisation of Raman analysis of walnut oil used as protective coating of Galician granite monuments
Authors: Pan A. , Rebollar E. , Chiussi S. , Serra J. , González P. , León B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the middle of last century, many valuable monuments of the Galician cultural heritage showed disintegration of the granite in the outdoor walls due to chemical erosion. To repair and conserve the stone from further deterioration, restorers decided to apply protective coatings that might act as consolidants and as hydrofugants. It is important to study these coatings in order to understand the processes that affect their conservation and deterioration and to design protocols for any future restoration action that might be necessary. Raman spectroscopy presents several advantages for this kind of application since it is a versatile technique, does not need sample preparation and provides a non‐destructive method. In this work, different types of walnut oil are analysed. A comparative study was performed using five different laser excitation wavelengths, and 532 and 488 nm turned out to be the most appropriate wavelengths for oil detection on aluminium substrates. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy allows the study of the evolution of the treatment once applied, as well as the determination of the curing times and chemical transformation. Raman analysis of walnut oil over Roan granite using excitation at both 532 and 488 nm are viable for in situ testing, but 532 nm offers higher sensitivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of shear wave from a corrugated interface between elastic solid/viscoelastic half‐spaces
Authors: Singh S. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe propagation of plane shear wave at a corrugation interface between elastic solid and viscoelastic liquid half‐spaces has been investigated. Adopting Rayleigh's method of approximation, the reflection and refraction coefficients corresponding to reflected and refracted SH‐waves have been derived for the first order of approximation of the corrugated interface. These coefficients are derived in the closed form for a periodic interface. Numerical computation has been performed for a particular model and the results are depicted graphically. The results of Asano (Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. 1960; 38(2):177–197) and Kielczynski and Pajewski (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1987; 81(3):599–605) are recovered from this study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of modified alumina oxides on the fire properties of PMMA and PS nanocomposites
Authors: Cinausero Nicolas , Azema Nathalie , Cuesta José‐Marie Lopez , Cochez Marianne , Ferriol Michel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGrafting of ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP) monomer polymerized from alumina nanoparticles has been performed in order to confer a better thermal stability and fire retardancy to PMMA and PS nanocomposites. Grafting and polymerization processes have been investigated using FTIR, TGA, and elemental analyses. Thermal stability and decomposition routes of monomer and polymer grafted alumina have been studied using thermogravimetric analysis and compared with the thermal behavior of the same alumina modified with octylsilane. The thermal stability of EGMP supported by the nanoparticles is higher than that of free EGMP. The incorporation of 5 wt% of both surface treated alumina in PMMA and PS leads to an improvement of thermal stability in comparison with unfilled polymers as well as nanocomposites containing unmodified alumina. Furthermore, the grafting of organic compounds on alumina also allows the peak of heat release rate measured using a cone calorimeter to be significantly reduced for PMMA nanocomposites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micropatterning of proteins on ion beam‐induced poly(acrylic acid)‐grafted polyethylene film
Authors: Kim Dong‐Ki , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Jung Chan‐Hee , Hwang In‐Tae , Choi Jae‐Hak , Kim Jin‐Baek , Nho Young‐Chang , Suh Dong‐Hack 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicropatterns of proteins were created by using patterned ion beam irradiation onto a polyethylene film and graft polymerization of acrylic acid. Acrylic acid was selectively graft polymerized on the irradiated regions. The results of the grafting study revealed that the optimum fluence to achieve the maximum grafting degree was 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. Biotin was covalently immobilized on the grafted regions of the polyethylene film. Protein patterning was achieved through specific binding of biotin and streptavidin. The resolved protein patterns with the maximum fluorescence intensity were achieved on the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐grafted polyethylene films prepared at the fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. This method can be used for patterning of various biomolecules and for further biological applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic‐montmorillonite modified shape memory epoxy composite
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Han Chunmiao , Tan Huifeng , Du Xingwen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of organic‐montmorillonite (OMMT) modified shape memory epoxy (SMEP) composites were prepared for the purpose of application on space deployable structures. Tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fold‐deploy shape memory test methods were used to characterize the mechanical, structure, and shape memory properties of these materials. The results showed addition of OMMT could improve the composites' toughness, tensile strength, transition temperature, and shape recovery speed, while shape recovery ratio was unaffected. Composite with 3wt%. OMMT had the optimum combination property. It could fully recover its original shape in about 2 min at 185°C under the maximum bending angle of 180°. Its elongation at break and tensile strength were increased by 835 and 17.4%, respectively, compared to that of neat SMEP. The transition temperature also slightly increased. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption properties of amidoximated porous acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymer beads for Ag (I)
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Hou , Wang Chunhua , Qu Rongjun , Ji Chunnuan , Sun Changmei , Xu Qiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPorous a crylonitrile (AN)/methyl acrylate (MA) copolymer beads were synthesized by suspended emulsion polymerization and amidoximated for the purpose of Ag+ adsorption. Optimum amidoximation temperature and time were determined by following the adsorption capacity for Ag+. The results showed that amidoximated AN/MA (AO AN/MA) with the amidoximation temperature 70°C and amidoximation time 20 hr had a relatively higher adsorption capacity for Ag+. The effect of pH on adsorption for Ag+ was studied; the highest adsorption capacity presented at pH 5.0. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of AO AN/MA copolymer beads for Ag+ were also investigated. The kinetics data indicated that the adsorption process was governed by the film diffusion and followed both pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order rate model. The isotherms indicated that adsorption capacities increased with equilibrium concentration and temperature. The Langmuir model and Sips model could describe the isothermal process. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption behaviors of Ag+ ions on AO AN/MA could be considered as endothermic and physical sorption process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid identification of furanocoumarins in Angelica dahurica using the Online LC‐MMR‐MS and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Kang Suk Woo , Kim Chul Young , Song Dae‐geun , Pan Cheol‐Ho , Cha Kwang Hyun , Lee Dong‐Un , Um Byung‐Hun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Angelica dahurica (Fisch. Ex hoffm.) Benth. Et Hook. is a perennial herb that grows throughout Korea whose dried roots have been used to treat various diseases in Korean traditional medicine. The root extract contains diverse constituents, and it is necessary to determine the active compounds.Objective – To investigate the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity in a root extract of A. dahurica and identify the most active compounds using LC‐NMR‐MS.Methodology – In search of the anti‐inflammatory constituents of A. dahurica extract, the HPLC‐based activity profiling approach was used to investigate the extract's NO inhibitory activity. To directly identify the compounds, a hyphenated LC‐NMR‐MS technique was applied. Reversed‐phase isocratic chromatography was performed using the acetonitrile–water solvent system on a C30 column. The identification of the compounds was based on information from ESI/MS and 1H‐NMR.Results – NO inhibitory activities for five main fractions of the extract were evaluated, which were identified by LC‐NMR‐MS as containing furanocoumarins: byakangelicol, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, phellopterin and isoimperatorin.Conclusion – The results obtained showed that the anti‐inflammatory activities of A. dahurica could be linked to imperatorin and phellopterin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of asthma medication use: early asthma therapy initiation and asthma outcomes at age 8†
Authors: Koster Ellen S. , Wijga Alet H. , Zuidgeest Mira G. P. , Belitser Svetlana V. , Raaijmakers Jan A. M. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Postma Dirkje S. , Brunekreef Bert , de Jongste Johan C. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWheeze has many underlying pathophysiologies in childhood, but is the main reason for anti‐asthma drugs prescription. This study was conducted to describe asthma medication use patterns among children in their first eight years of life. Longitudinal medication use data from 777 children participating in the PIAMA study were used. Medication patterns were described for four groups that started therapy before the third birthday, when the peak in prescriptions occurred in our cohort; short‐acting β‐agonists (SABA), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), SABA + ICS or none of these. One third (n = 255) of the children received a first SABA or ICS prescription before age 8. Only three children (1.2%) used medication continuously during follow‐up. Of the children who started SABA, 53.8% discontinued within 1–2 years. Of the children who started ICS before age 3, 42.1% discontinued within 1–2 years and 31.6% received additional SABA. 41.5% of the children who started SABA + ICS used this short‐term (≤1–2 years) and 21.5% long‐term (≥3 years). Fifteen percent of children who did not start asthma therapy in their first 3 years of life did receive prescriptions between age 3 and 8. Children prescribed SABA + ICS before age 3 had the highest prevalence of hyper responsiveness at age 8, and similar prevalence of atopy as the other groups. Asthma medication is prescribed frequently in the first 8 years of life, particularly before age 3, and only few children use it continuously. ICS and SABA prescription occurs especially in those who were more likely to develop signs of asthma at age 8. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐automated risk estimation using large databases: quinolones and clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Authors: Mera Robertino M. , Beach Kathleen J. , Powell Gregory E. , Pattishall Edward N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposeThe availability of large databases with person time information and appropriate statistical methods allow for relatively rapid pharmacovigilance analyses. A semi‐automated method was used to investigate the effect of fluoroquinolones on the incidence of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD).MethodsTwo US databases, an electronic medical record (EMR) and a large medical claims database for the period 2006–2007 were evaluated using a semi‐automated methodology. The raw EMR and claims datasets were subject to a normalization procedure that aligns the drug exposures and conditions using ontologies; Snowmed for medications and MedDRA for conditions. A retrospective cohort design was used together with matching by means of the propensity score. The association between exposure and outcome was evaluated using a Poisson regression model after taking into account potential confounders.ResultsA comparison between quinolones as the target cohort and macrolides as the comparison cohort produced a total of 564 797 subjects exposed to a quinolone in the claims data and 233 090 subjects in the EMR. They were matched with replacement within six strata of the propensity score. Among the matched cohorts there were a total of 488 and 158 outcomes in the claims and the EMR respectively. Quinolones were found to be twice more likely to be significantly associated with CDAD than macrolides adjusting for risk factors (IRR 2.75, 95%CI 2.18–3.48).ConclusionsUse of a semi‐automated method was successfully applied to two observational databases and was able to rapidly identify a potential for increased risk of developing CDAD with quinolones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial CPV receiver
Authors: Vivar Marta , Antón I. , Sala G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConcentration Photovoltaic (CPV) parabolic dishes uses to concentrate the sunlight creating a spot of light with radial symmetry, which does not match with the conventional rectangular solar cells receivers. Our approach for reducing the severe optical mismatch consists of using a receiver with radial arrangement of the cells into circular sectors that can minimise the current mismatch. It guarantees that the circular sectors are receiving the same amount of light due to their radial distribution. On the other hand, when tracking errors move the focus off the central position, interconnection of opposite circular sectors in parallel can compensate the current mismatch and so the power losses are significantly reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of reliability in the early stages of photovoltaic systems in Japan
Authors: Oozeki Takashi , Yamada Takao , Otani Kenji , Takashima Takumi , Kato Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn order to disseminate Photovoltaic (PV) technologies into the energy network, the cost down is not only important, but also improving the performance of the PV system is significant issues. Long‐term reliability is one of the most important issues in terms of PV system performance. Previous researches were mainly focused on the reliability of PV modules, but the PV system is composed of a power conditioner, wiring, junction box, and so on. To improve the reliability of PV systems, it is important to accumulate trouble cases focused on all components of PV system. In this paper, we aim at evaluation of the reliability for the PV system on the early stages of PV system's lifetime by using large number of Japanese PV systems' data from the field Test in Japan. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization has been running the “Field test project in Japan” from 1992. In this project, PV system users have cooperated with the collection of monitoring data and reported on the information of maintenance and certain failures of PV systems for 4 years after installation of PV system. Using those reports each year of installation, we evaluated reliability of PV systems by means of parameters such as Mean Time Between Failure, Mean Time To Repair, and the suspension time of PV system. As a result, the main trouble of PV systems was related power conditioner, and a few trouble of PV module was caused by typhoon. Moreover, the trend of the failure rate before FY 2000 of installation was demonstrated as the trend of initial failure in “bathtub curve;” however, the trend of its after FY 2001 of installation was indicated as the accidental failure in “bathtub curve.” Further, the operator simply forgot to restart the power conditioner after maintenance or suspensions of PV system in many trouble cases, and the user did not notice that it had been suspended for a while. These trouble cases can be avoidable easily through the effective alarm such as error message of power conditioner systems with monitoring systems. Thereby, monitoring with the evaluation method of PV systems is one of the important technologies due to the long‐term reliability and stable operation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.