bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposite Carbon‐PDMS Material for Chip‐Based Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Brun Mathieu , Chateaux Jean‐François , Deman Anne‐Laure , Pittet Patrick , Ferrigno Rosaria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative approach to create low‐cost and patternable carbon electrodes suitable for microfluidic devices. The fabrication and the electrochemical performances of electrodes made of Polydimethylsiloxane doped with commercially available carbon black (C‐PDMS) are described. Conductivity and electrochemical measurements performed on various carbon to PDMS ratios showed that electrodes with suitable electrochemical properties were obtained with a ratio of 25 %.
Electrochemical Glutathione Sensor Based on Electrochemically Deposited Poly‐m‐aminophenol
Authors: Oztekin Yasemin , Ramanaviciene Almira , Ramanavicius Arunas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPreparation and characterization of electrodes suitable for determination of glutathione is reported in this study. For this poly‐m‐aminophenol (PmAP), poly‐o‐aminophenol, and poly‐p‐aminophenol were electrochemically deposited from aqueous solution on the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode by potential cycling in the range of +0.2–+1.0 V. The modified GC electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, contact angle measurement and ellipsometry. It was found that poly‐m‐aminophenol modified GC electrode (PmAP/GC‐electrode) is most suitable for electroanalytical determination of glutathione. An electroanalytical system for the determination of glutathione based on the PmAP/GC‐electrode was developed. The analytical system was characterized by low limit of detection, good stability, high sensitivity and wide linear detection range.
Optimizing the Electrocatalytic Activity of Surface Confined Co Macrocyclics for the Electrooxidation of Thiocyanate at pH 4
Authors: Sancy Mamie , Pavez Jorge , Gulppi Miguel A. , de Mattos Ivanildo Luiz , Arratia‐Perez Ramiro , Linares‐Flores Cristian , Paez Maritza , Nyokong Tebello , Zagal José H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have studied the trends in catalytic activity of several Co macrocyclics confined on the surface graphite electrodes for the oxidation of thiocyanate. A plot of log i (at constant E) versus the formal potential of the catalyst gives a volcano correlation, indicating that the Co(II/I) redox potential needs to be tuned, in order to achieve maximum reactivity. Graphite electrodes modified with Co phthalocyanine at pH 4 exhibit linear amperometric response for thiocyanate concentration in the range 10−7 and 10−3 M. Theoretical calculations show that electrocatalytic activity (as log i at constant E) plotted versus the energy of the LUMO of the Co complex also gives a volcano correlation.
Development of a new rubber seismic isolator: ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’
Authors: Ozkaya C. , Akyuz U. , Caner A. , Dicleli M. , Pınarbası S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental research aimed at developing a new rubber‐based seismic isolator called ‘Ball Rubber Bearing (BRB)’. The BRB is composed of a conventional steel‐reinforced multi‐layered rubber bearing with its central hole filled with small diameter steel balls that are used to provide energy dissipation capacity through friction. A large set of BRBs with different geometrical and material properties are manufactured and tested under reversed cyclic horizontal loading at different vertical compressive load levels. Extensive test results indicate that steel balls do not only increase the energy dissipation capacity of the elastomeric bearing (EB), but also increase its horizontal and vertical stiffness. It is also observed that the energy dissipation capacity of a BRB does not degrade as the number of loading cycles increases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melting heat transfer in the stagnation‐point flow of an upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid past a stretching sheet
Authors: Hayat T. , Mustafa M. , Shehzad S. A. , Obaidat S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe steady laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a stretching sheet arre considered. Upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid is treated as a rheological model. The resulting nonlinear differential system is solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The influence of melting parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr), Deborah number (β) and stretching ratio (A = a/c) on the velocity and temperature profiles is thoroughly examined. It is noticed that fields are effected appreciably with the variation of parameters. Furthermore, it is seen that the local Nusselt number is a decreasing function of melting parameter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient approach for calculation of pitching moment in nonlinear reduced frequency method at low Mach number transonic flows
Authors: Koopaee M. Kharati , Emdad H. , Alishahi M. M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this research, an efficient methodology for calculation of pitching moment coefficient at low Mach number transonic flows by using the perturbed nonlinear reduced frequency approach is presented. The proposed approach uses the perturbation technique in the nonlinear frequency domain (NLFD) method to estimate the solution at high harmonics. In this approach, the density and velocity fields at high harmonics are perturbed about those at low harmonics. Perturbing the density and velocity fields, the semi‐linear form of the governing equations is obtained. The resulting solution vector and spatial operator are then approximated by discrete form of Fourier transformation and governing equations are solved by using the pseudo‐spectral approach. Numerical results show that the proposed approach predicts good pitching moment coefficient at low Mach number transonic flows with up to 50% savings in computational time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient identification of uncertain parameters in a large‐scale tidal model of the European continental shelf by proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Altaf M. U. , Verlaan M. , Heemink A. W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe adjoint method can be used to identify uncertain parameters in large‐scale shallow water flow models. This requires the implementation of the adjoint model, which is a large programming effort. The work presented here is inverse modeling based on model reduction using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). An ensemble of forward model simulations is used to determine the approximation of the covariance matrix of the model variability and the dominant eigenvectors of this matrix are used to define a model subspace. An approximate linear reduced model is obtained by projecting the original model onto this reduced subspace. Compared with the classical variational method, the adjoint of the tangent linear model is replaced by the adjoint of a linear reduced forward model. The minimization process is carried out in reduced subspace and hence reduces the computational costs. In this study, the POD‐based calibration approach has been implemented for the estimation of the depth values and the bottom friction coefficient in a large‐scale shallow sea model of the entire European continental shelf with approximately 106 operational grid points. A number of calibration experiments is performed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of the accuracy of the final results as well as the computational costs required to produce these results. The results demonstrate that the POD calibration method with little computational effort and without the implementation of the adjoint code can be used to solve large‐scale inverse shallow water flow problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed convection unsteady stagnation point flow over a stretching sheet with heat transfer in the presence of variable free stream
Authors: Hayat T. , Shehzad S. A. , Rafique Ansa , Malik M. Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn analysis is performed for the unsteady mixed convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid about a stagnation point on a stretching sheet in the presence of a variable free stream. The equations of motion and energy are transformed into the ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. Homotopy analysis method is used for the solution of the governing problem. The results have been discussed by plots. The present values of the function are shown very close to the previous limiting solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Option happiness and liquidity: Is the dynamics of the volatility smirk affected by relative option liquidity?
Authors: Nordén Lars , Xu Caihong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic relationship between option happiness (the steepness of the volatility smirk) and relative index option liquidity. We find that, on a daily basis, option happiness is significantly dependent on the relative liquidity between option series with different moneyness. In particular, deterioration (improvement) in liquidity of an out‐of‐the‐money put option relative to a concurrent at‐the‐money call option would lead to higher (lower) option happiness. This relationship is robust to relative option liquidity measures based on bid–ask spreads, option price impacts, and option order book imbalances. The results also show a significant maturity effect in option happiness, consistent with the notion that options are “dying smiling.” © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Human Hepatic Stem Cell and Maturational Liver Lineage Biology Δ
Authors: Turner Rachael , Lozoya Oswaldo , Wang Yunfang , Cardinale Vincenzo , Gaudio Eugenio , Alpini Gianfranco , Mendel Gemma , Wauthier Eliane , Barbier Claire , Alvaro Domenico , Reid Lola M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Livers are comprised of maturational lineages of cells beginning extrahepatically in the hepato-pancreatic common duct near the duodenum and intrahepatically in zone 1 by the portal triads. The extrahepatic stem cell niches are the peribiliary glands deep within the walls of the bile ducts; those intrahepatically are the canals of Hering in postnatal livers and that derive from ductal plates in fetal livers. Intrahepatically, there are at least eight maturational lineage stages from the stem cells in zone 1 (periportal), through the midacinar region (zone 2), to the most mature cells and apoptotic cells found pericentrally in zone 3. Those found in the biliary tree are still being defined. Parenchymal cells are closely associated with lineages of mesenchymal cells, and their maturation is coordinated. Each lineage stage consists of parenchymal and mesenchymal cell partners distinguishable by their morphology, ploidy, antigens, biochemical traits, gene expression, and ability to divide. They are governed by changes in chromatin (e.g., methylation), gradients of paracrine signals (soluble factors and insoluble extracellular matrix components), mechanical forces, and feedback loop signals derived from late lineage cells. Feedback loop signals, secreted by late lineage stage cells into bile, flow back to the periportal area and regulate the stem cells and other early lineage stage cells in mechanisms dictating the size of the liver mass. Recognition of maturational lineage biology and its regulation by these multiple mechanisms offers new understandings of liver biology, pathologies, and strategies for regenerative medicine and treatment of liver cancers. (Hepatology 2011;)
Correction of TRMM 3B43 monthly precipitation data over the mountainous areas of Peru during the period 1998–2007
Authors: Condom Thomas , Rau Pedro , Espinoza Jhan Carlo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to estimate the spatial and temporal behaviour of rainfall over the mountainous areas of the Peruvian Andes, a new in situ monthly rainfall dataset has been collected (1998–2007) and compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43 monthly precipitation data for regions located above 3000 m. The reliability of the TRMM 3B43 data varies depending on the root mean squared error ratio (%RMSE) and correlation coefficient. Because of the discrepancy between the two datasets, the use of additive and multiplicative correction models is proposed for the TRMM 3B43 data. In the Peruvian mountain ranges, these correction models better approximate TRMM rainfall monthly values, as already verified for annual values. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cumulative stress on fish health near freshwater outlet sluices into the sea: A case study (1988–2005) with evidence for a contributing role of chemical contaminants
Authors: Vethaak A Dick , Jol Johan G , Martínez-Gómez Concepción 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Epizootic skin diseases in euryhaline flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Dutch Wadden Sea were first reported in 1988. Particularly high prevalences of skin ulcers (up to one-third of individual fish being affected) were encountered in the vicinity of sluices draining freshwater from IJsselmeer Lake, in contrast with much lower levels in the freshwater bodies behind the sluices and open sea areas (&lt;2%). It was proposed that salinity stress, high bacterial loads, nutritional deficiencies, and obstruction to fish migration by the sluices could all be involved in disease causation. Results of follow-up surveys at these outlet sluices from 1994 to 2005 further substantiate our preliminary findings. The follow-up data also show a general reduction in disease and improved condition factor during this period, which can be explained by improved habitat conditions for the flounder, partly due to effective sluice gate management. Furthermore, statistical correlations (p &lt; 0.05) were demonstrated between flounder ulcer occurrence and chemical contaminant concentrations in liver (Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn) and bile (the metabolite 1-OH pyrene as an indicator of chronic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure), and histological liver lesions generally indicative of contaminant exposure (hydropic vacuolization of biliary duct epithelial cells). The findings suggest that a combination of osmotic and contaminant-induced stress also contributed to the observed disease patterns. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:445–458. © 2011 SETAC
Spatially explicit ecological exposure models: A rationale for and path toward their increased acceptance and use
Authors: Wickwire Theodore , Johnson Mark S , Hope Bruce K , Greenberg Marc S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Spatially explicit wildlife exposure models have been developed to integrate chemical concentrations dispersed in space and time, heterogeneous habitats of varying qualities, and foraging behaviors of wildlife to give more realistic wildlife exposure estimates for ecological risk assessments. These models not only improve the realism of wildlife exposure estimates, but also increase the efficiency of remedial planning. However, despite being widely available, these models are rarely used in baseline (definitive) ecological risk assessments. A lack of precedent for their use, misperceptions about models in general and spatial models in particular, non-specific or no enabling regulations, poor communication, and uncertainties regarding inputs are all impediments to greater use of such models. An expert workshop was convened as part of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Project to evaluate current applications for spatially explicit models and consider ways such models could bring increased realism to ecological exposure assessments. Specific actions (e.g., greater accessibility and innovation in model design, increased communication with and training opportunities for decision makers and regulators, explicit consideration during assessment planning and problem formulation) were discussed as mechanisms to increase the use of these valuable and innovative modeling tools. The intent of this workshop synopsis is to highlight for the ecological risk assessment community both the value and availability of a wide range of spatial models and to recommend specific actions that may help to increase their acceptance and use by ecological risk assessment practitioners. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:158–168. © 2011 SETAC
Babies open our minds to their minds: How “listening” to infant signs complements and extends our knowledge of infants and their development
Authors: Vallotton Claire 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPreverbal children are capable of explicitly communicating their own desires, emotions, and thoughts through infant signs (i.e., symbolic gestures) that they have invented or learned from caregivers. In this article, I describe seven lines of child development research and show how attending to infants' use of signs can complement and extend this knowledge of development for both scientists and caregivers. The areas of developmental research include object permanence, categorization, shared meaning, mental state understanding and absent reference, emotion knowledge, identity, and self‐regulation. I present qualitative data on infants' signing gathered through videos of caregiver–child interaction, student caregivers' systematic participant observations, my own observations in an infant classroom, and volunteered sign stories from parents who use signs with their infants. I also present quotes from interviews with parents and caregivers of signing children to show how infants' signing affects adults' perceptions of and feelings toward children. With infant signs, infants reveal their thoughts, feelings, interests, and personalities in their own contexts through everyday interactions. By “listening” to infant signs, parents, practitioners, and scientists gain insight into individual infants and respect for the often underestimated capacities of preverbal children.
Artefact reduction for cell migration visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hofer Bernd , Povazˇay Boris , Hermann Boris , Rey Sara M. , Kajić Vedran , Tumlinson Alexandre , Powell Kate , Matz Gerald , Drexler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVisualization of cell migration during chemotaxis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires non‐standard processing techniques. Stripe artefacts and camera noise floor present in OCT data prevent detailed computer‐assisted reconstruction and quantification of cell locomotion. Furthermore, imaging artefacts lead to unreliable results in automated texture based cell analysis.Here we characterize three pronounced artefacts that become visible when imaging sample structures with high dynamic range, e.g. cultured cells: (i) time‐varying fixed‐pattern noise; (ii) stripe artefacts generated by background estimation using tomogram averaging; (iii) image modulations due to spectral shaping. We evaluate techniques to minimize the above mentioned artefacts using an 800 nm optical coherence microscope. Effect of artefact reduction is shown exemplarily on two cell cultures, i.e. Dictyostelium on nitrocellulose substrate, and retinal ganglion cells (RGC‐5) cultured on a glass coverslip. Retinal imaging also profits from the proposed processing techniques. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cochlear implantation in a patient with paget's disease
Authors: Wolfovitz Amit , Shihada Rabia , Shpak Talma , Braun Jacob , Luntz Michal 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHearing loss in Paget's disease, a metabolic bone disease, has been reported in as many as 60% of cases, and is presumably related to changes in mineral density of the otic capsule. We describe a 59‐year‐old man with Paget's disease who had severe to profound hearing loss and was referred to us for cochlear implantation. Preoperative evaluation revealed poor communication skills despite significant residual hearing, raising concerns about postimplantation outcome. Nevertheless, implantation was successful. As our literature search yielded only one report of cochlear implantation in Paget's disease, we record our clinical experience and discuss the hearing rehabilitation dilemmas in this case.
Altered expression of middle and inner ear cytokines in mouse otitis media
Authors: MacArthur Carol J. , Pillers De‐Ann M. , Pang Jiaqing , Kempton J. Beth , Trune Dennis R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The inner ear is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss in both acute and chronic otitis media (OM), but the mechanisms underlying sensorineural hearing loss are unknown. Previous gene expression array studies have shown that cytokine genes might be upregulated in the cochleas of mice with acute and chronic OM. This finding implies that the inner ear could manifest a direct inflammatory response to OM that may cause sensorineural damage. Therefore, to better understand inner ear cytokine gene expression during OM, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used in mouse models to evaluate middle and inner ear inflammatory and remodeling cytokines.Study Design:Basic science experiment.Methods:An acute OM model was created in Balb/c mice by a transtympanic injection of Streptococcus
pneumoniae in one ear; the other ear was used as a control. C3H/HeJ mice were screened for unilateral chronic OM, with the noninfected ear serving as a control.Results:Both acute and chronic OM caused both the middle ear and inner tissues in these two mouse models to overexpress numerous cytokine genes related to tissue remodeling (tumor necrosis factor‐α, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as inflammatory cell proliferation (interleukin [IL]‐1α,β, IL‐2, IL‐6). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that both the middle ear and inner ear tissues expressed these cytokines.Conclusions:Cochlear tissues are capable of expressing cytokine mRNA that contributes to the inflammation and remodeling that occur in association with middle ear disease. This provides a potential molecular basis for the transient and permanent sensorineural hearing loss often reported with acute and chronic OM.
Endoscopic approach to the orbital apex and periorbital skull base
Authors: Murchison Ann P. , Rosen Marc R. , Evans James J. , Bilyk Jurij R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review cases of endoscopic orbital apex and periorbital skull base surgery and stratify the pathology and lesion location. Variations in surgical technique and the outcomes are reviewed. We report the results of all cases of endoscopic orbital apex surgery over a 40‐month period. Eighteen cases with a variety of pathology, location in the orbital apex, and surgical technique are reviewed.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:All cases of endoscopic orbital apex and periorbital skull base surgery over a 40‐month period were reviewed. Lesion location, surgical approach, pathology, and postoperative complications are summarized. The details of the technique as well as limitations and advantages of this approach are summarized.Results:Eighteen patients who underwent endoscopic orbital apex surgery were identified. Eleven (61%) of the patients were men, and the average age was 51 years. The majority of lesions, 12 (67%), were located in the medial orbit and/or optic canal, two (11%) in the cavernous sinus and/or superior orbital fissure, and four (22%) in the inferior orbit and/or pterygopalatine fossa. The etiologies were diverse, including benign (44%), malignant (28%), infectious (11%), and inflammatory (17%). The majority of cases, 67%, were approached by the transnasal endoscopic technique followed by 28% with a combined transnasal and transcaruncular approach, and 6% by the sublabial approach. Complications occurred in 22% of cases.Conclusions:Conventional orbitotomy techniques and craniotomy are frequently used to access lesions in the orbital apex. The more recently described endoscopic technique with intraoperative image guidance can provide access to a subset orbital apical and periorbital skull base lesions. In carefully selected cases, this technique provides excellent visualization and access to the orbital apex and avoids larger craniofacial surgeries. Laryngoscope, 2011