bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instant spectral assignment for advanced decision tree-driven mass spectrometry
Authors: Bailey Derek J. , Rose Christopher M. , McAlister Graeme C. , Brumbaugh Justin , Yu Pengzhi , Wenger Craig D. , Westphall Michael S. , Thomson James A. , Coon Joshua J. 
Published: May 2012

We have developed and implemented a sequence identification algorithm (
inSeq
) that processes tandem mass spectra in real-time using the mass spectrometer’s (MS) onboard processors. The
inSeq
algorithm relies on accurate mass tandem MS data for swift spectral matching with high accuracy. The instant spectral processing technology takes ∼16 ms to execute and provides information to enable autonomous, real-time decision making by the MS system. Using
inSeq
and its advanced decision tree logic, we demonstrate (
i
) real-time prediction of peptide elution windows
en masse
(∼3 min width, 3,000 targets), (
ii
) significant improvement of quantitative precision and accuracy (~3x boost in detected protein differences), and (
iii
) boosted rates of posttranslation modification site localization (90% agreement in real-time vs. offline localization rate and an approximate 25% gain in localized sites). The decision tree logic enabled by
inSeq
promises to circumvent problems with the conventional data-dependent acquisition paradigm and provides a direct route to streamlined and expedient targeted protein analysis.
Effect of Nitrous Oxide Exposure during Surgery on the Homocysteine Concentrations of Children
Authors: Pichardo Dubraiicka , Luginbuehl Igor A. , Shakur Yaseer , Wales Paul W. , El-Sohemy Ahmed , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: May 2012

Background
Nitrous oxide converts vitamin B12 to its nonmetabolically active form, inhibits methionine synthase, and results in an elevation of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). The authors investigated the effect of nitrous oxide anesthesia on the plasma tHcy concentrations in children the morning after surgery and whether blood concentrations of folate and vitamins B12 and B6 were associated with any potential increase.

Methods
The authors measured plasma tHcy concentrations in 32 children before and 24 h after initial exposure to nitrous oxide (≥ 2 h). Genotype for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and blood concentrations of folate, vitamins B12 and B6, and methylmalonic acid were measured before surgery.

Results
The median age of participants was 11 months (3-126 months). The median (first, third quartile) postoperative plasma tHcy concentration was significantly higher than the preoperative concentration (6.4 [4.7, 8.9] vs. 5.1[4.1, 6.4] μM, P < 0.0001), a 25% (2%, 42%) relative increase. Six of 28 (21%) children with normal, age-appropriate, preexposure plasma tHcy concentrations had postoperative plasma tHcy concentrations greater than the cutoff values. The duration of nitrous oxide exposure was associated positively with the rise in plasma tHcy concentration (R2 = 0.696, P = < 0.001).

Conclusion
Exposure to ≥ 2 h nitrous oxide is associated with a small, albeit statistically significant, increase in postoperative plasma tHcy concentrations the morning after surgery in young children. The clinical significance of this increase is unknown.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in the apparently iodine‐sufficient capital city of Turkey
Authors: Oguz Kutlu Alev , Kara Cengiz 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjectivePrevious studies of the current iodine status in Turkey have yielded contradictory results. Although urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in school age children (SAC) suggests sufficient iodine status, studies on neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) indicate that iodine deficiency is a continuing problem. We aimed to assess the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women living in Ankara, an area that has appeared to be iodine sufficient in earlier studies.DesignHospital‐based, noninterventional, prospective, cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 162 pregnant women in their second trimester were examined regarding iodized salt use, UIC, presence or absence of goitre and thyroid function. Goitre status was determined by palpation. UIC was measured using colorimetric method based on Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. Thyroid hormones and TSH were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassays.ResultsWhile the proportion of iodized salt use was 80·2%, UIC was below 150 μg/l in 72·8% of the women. The median UIC was 80·5 (8·9–340·3) μg/l, indicating insufficient iodine intake. Total goitre rate was 15·4%. Preferential T3 secretion reflected by elevated molar ratios of FT3/FT4 was present in 89·5% of the women. 12·4% had subclinical hypothyroidism or isolated hypothyroxinaemia based on serum TSH and FT4 levels.ConclusionsOur study shows that iodine deficiency is a serious problem among pregnant women in Ankara. These data confirm that iodine nutritional status among SAC does not reflect the iodine supply for pregnant women. We propose that nationwide surveillance studies should urgently be performed to directly assess and monitor the iodine status of pregnant women. We also consider that pregnant women in Turkey should be supplemented by iodine‐containing preparations in addition to iodized salt.
Predicting users' return to virtual worlds: a social perspective
Authors: Goel Lakshmi , Johnson Norman , Junglas Iris , Ives Blake 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVirtual worlds or three‐dimensional computer‐based simulated environments have received considerable attention as platforms for entertainment, education and commerce. In contrast to a web site, for example, where a user interacts with a two‐dimensional site, virtual worlds provide a platform in which users can interact with other individuals, sometimes including strangers, within three‐dimensional environments. Virtual worlds afford a form of ‘socialness’ unlike many other technologies, often motivating a user – by virtue of these social experiences – to return. Drawing on the Spatial Model of Interaction and Awareness‐Attention Theory, we demonstrate that besides social aspects, which include social awareness and social perception, flow experience, which is the mental state of being fully absorbed and somewhat lost in time, is an essential ingredient in an individual's decision to return to a virtual world. We also demonstrate how characteristics of the technology are linked to the social aspects experienced in virtual worlds. A laboratory study conducted in a virtual world, Second Life, supports our assertions and identifies state predictors of flow that influence individuals' intentions to return to the virtual world environment.
NI‐1: a novel canine mastocytoma model for studying drug resistance and IgER‐dependent mast cell activation
Authors: Hadzijusufovic E. , Peter B. , Herrmann H. , Rülicke T. , Cerny‐Reiterer S. , Schuch K. , Kenner L. , Thaiwong T. , Yuzbasiyan‐Gurkan V. , Pickl W. F. , Willmann M. , Valent P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced mast cell (MC) disorders are characterized by uncontrolled growth of neoplastic MC in various organs, mediator‐related symptoms, and a poor prognosis. Kit mutations supposedly contribute to abnormal growth and drug resistance in these patients.MethodsWe established a novel canine mastocytoma cell line, NI‐1, from a patient suffering from MC leukemia.ResultsNI‐1 cells were found to form mastocytoma lesions in NOD/SCID IL‐2Rgammanull mice and to harbor several homozygous Kit mutations, including missense mutations at nucleotides 107(C→T) and 1187(A→G), a 12‐bp duplication (nucleotide 1263), and a 12‐bp deletion (nucleotide 1550). NI‐1 cells expressed several MC differentiation antigens, including tryptase, Kit, and a functional IgE receptor. Compared to the C2 mastocytoma cell line harboring a Kit exon 11 mutation, NI‐1 cells were found to be less responsive against the Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) masitinib and imatinib, but were even more sensitive against proliferation‐inhibitory effects of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) blocker RAD001 and PI3‐kinase/mTOR blocker NVP‐BEZ235. The Kit‐targeting multikinase inhibitors PKC412 and dasatinib were also found to override TKI resistance in NI‐1 cells, and produced growth inhibition with reasonable IC50 values (<0.1 μM).ConclusionNI‐1 may serve as a useful tool to investigate IgE‐dependent reactions and mechanisms of abnormal growth and drug resistance in neoplastic MC in advanced mastocytosis.
Topical application of PPARα (but not β/δ or γ) suppresses atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Chiba T. , Takeuchi S. , Esaki H. , Yamamura K. , Kurihara Y. , Moroi Y. , Furue M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors, which regulate not only adipogenesis and proliferation/differentiation but also the immune response of cells. Because topical application of the activators of some PPAR isoforms improved clinical symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated the role of PPAR activators using a murine AD model in NC/Nga mice; to the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported.MethodsActivators of three PPAR isoforms (α, β/δ, γ) were topically applied on inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of mite antigen in NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of each topical PPAR activator was evaluated immunologically and serologically.ResultsTopical application of the PPARα activator, but not of the activators of PPARβ/δ or PPARγ, improved clinical dermatitis, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, and alleviated the elevation of serum IgE levels. In addition, PPARα expression was downregulated in the epidermis in our murine AD model, as is seen in patients with AD.ConclusionsTopical application of PPARα activator could be a potent therapeutic agent for patients with AD and could take the place of topical steroid treatments.
A multivariate test of evolutionary constraints for thermal tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: WILLIAMS B. R. , VAN HEERWAARDEN B. , DOWLING D. K. , SGRÒ C. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExposure to extreme temperatures is increasingly likely to impose strong selection on many organisms in their natural environments. The ability of organisms to adapt to such selective pressures will be determined by patterns of genetic variation and covariation. Despite increasing interest in thermal adaptation, few studies have examined the extent to which the genetic covariance between traits might constrain thermal responses. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether sex‐specific genetic architectures will constrain responses to climatic selection. We used a paternal half‐sibling breeding design to examine whether sex‐specific genetic architectures and genetic covariances between traits might constrain evolutionary responses to warming climates in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Our results suggest that the sexes share a common genetic underpinning for heat tolerance as indicated by a strong positive inter‐sexual genetic correlation. Further, we found no evidence in either of the sexes that genetic trade‐offs between heat tolerance and fitness will constrain responses to thermal selection. Our results suggest that neither trade‐offs, nor sex‐specific genetics, will significantly constrain an evolutionary response to climatic warming, at least in this population of D. melanogaster.
The critical distance theory for fatigue analysis of notched aluminium specimens subjected to repeated bending
Authors: HOOREWEDER B. VAN , MOENS D. , BOONEN R. , SAS P. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper provides new insights in the use of the critical distance method for fatigue analysis of notched aluminium components subjected to constant amplitude bending loading. A straightforward test setup was developed to load test samples with different stress concentrations in repeated bending at high test frequency. The mean values of the local endurable stress amplitudes are determined with the staircase method and the Dixon and Mood theory using a minimum amount of test samples. The critical distance is determined using these fatigue limits and the corresponding stress gradients determined by means of finite element analysis. The results indicate a unique critical distance of 0.22 mm for fatigue crack initiation. Consequently, the critical distance theory can be successfully applied for fatigue analysis of notched specimens or engineering components of aluminium EN AW 7075 T7351 with geometrical features of various size and shape subjected to fluctuating loading in bending.
Risk of catheter‐associated infection in young hematology/oncology patients receiving long‐term peripheral nerve blocks
Authors: Anghelescu Doralina L. , Harris Brittney L. , Faughnan Lane G. , Oakes Linda L. , Windsor Kelley B. , Wright Becky B. , McCullers Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBackground:  Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNBs) are increasingly used to control postoperative and chronic pain. At our pediatric oncology institution, the duration of CPNBs is often prolonged. The risk of catheter‐associated infection with prolonged CPNBs has not been previously investigated.Aim:  We analyzed the incidence of CPNB‐related infection and its relation to catheter duration, catheter site, intensive care stay, and antibiotic coverage.Methods:  All CPNBs placed at our institution between August 1, 2005 and October 31, 2010 were studied. Primary diagnosis and the site, indication, duration, and infectious adverse effects of CPNBs were obtained from our Pain Service QI database. Patients’ age and sex, antibiotic administration, and number of days in intensive care were collected from patients’ medical records.Results:  The use of 179 catheters in 116 patients was evaluated. Mean age at CPNB placement was 15.1 years (median, 14.7; range, 0.4–26.9). The most frequent indication for CPNB was surgery (89.4%), most commonly orthopedic (78.8%). Mean CPNB duration was 7.2 days (median, 5.0; range, 1–81 days). Two cases (1.12%) of CPNBs developed signs of infection, both associated with femoral catheters. The infections were mild and necessitated catheter removal at days 10 and 13, respectively.Conclusion:  Nerve block catheter‐associated infections are infrequent at our institution despite prolonged CPNB use. Both patients with infection had femoral catheters and prolonged catheter (≥10 days) use.
Body size and dispersal mode as key traits determining metacommunity structure of aquatic organisms
Authors: De Bie T. , De Meester L. , Brendonck L. , Martens K. , Goddeeris B. , Ercken D. , Hampel H. , Denys L. , Vanhecke L. , Van der Gucht K. , Van Wichelen J. , Vyverman W. , Declerck S. A. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRelationships between traits of organisms and the structure of their metacommunities have so far mainly been explored with meta‐analyses. We compared metacommunities of a wide variety of aquatic organism groups (12 groups, ranging from bacteria to fish) in the same set of 99 ponds to minimise biases inherent to meta‐analyses. In the category of passive dispersers, large‐bodied groups showed stronger spatial patterning than small‐bodied groups suggesting an increasing impact of dispersal limitation with increasing body size. Metacommunities of organisms with the ability to fly (i.e. insect groups) showed a weaker imprint of dispersal limitation than passive dispersers with similar body size. In contrast, dispersal movements of vertebrate groups (fish and amphibians) seemed to be mainly confined to local connectivity patterns. Our results reveal that body size and dispersal mode are important drivers of metacommunity structure and these traits should therefore be considered when developing a predictive framework for metacommunity dynamics.
Climate envelope modelling reveals intraspecific relationships among flowering phenology, niche breadth and potential range size in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Banta Joshua A. , Ehrenreich Ian M. , Gerard Silvia , Chou Lucy , Wilczek Amity , Schmitt Johanna , Kover Paula X. , Purugganan Michael D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSpecies often harbour large amounts of phenotypic variation in ecologically important traits, and some of this variation is genetically based. Understanding how this genetic variation is spatially structured can help to understand species’ ecological tolerances and range limits. We modelled the climate envelopes of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes, ranging from early‐ to late‐flowering, as a function of several climatic variables. We found that genotypes with contrasting alleles at individual flowering time loci differed significantly in potential range size and niche breadth. We also found that later flowering genotypes had more restricted range potentials and narrower niche breadths than earlier flowering genotypes, indicating that local selection on flowering can constrain or enhance the ability of populations to colonise other areas. Our study demonstrates how climate envelope models that incorporate ecologically important genetic variation can provide insights into the macroecology of a species, which is important to understand its responses to changing environments.
Severe post‐renal acute kidney injury, post‐obstructive diuresis and renal recovery
Authors: Hamdi Aïcha , Hajage David , Van Glabeke Emmanuel , Belenfant Xavier , Vincent François , Gonzalez Frédéric , Ciroldi Magali , Obadia Edouard , Chelha Riad , Pallot Jean‐Louis , Das Vincent 
Published: May 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The pathophysiology of post‐renal acute kidney injury (PR‐AKI), i.e. caused by urinary tract obstruction, has been extensively studied in animal models but clinical studies on this subject are outdated, and/or have focused on the mechanisms of ‘post‐obstructive diuresis’ (POD), a potentially life‐threatening polyuria that can develop after the release of obstruction.In severe PR‐AKI, the risk of occurrence of POD is high. POD occurrence predicts renal recovery without the persistence of severe chronic kidney failure. In the present study, the occurrence of POD and the persistence of chronic renal sequelae could be predicted early from clinical variables at admission before the release of obstruction.OBJECTIVE
To identify predictors of post‐obstructive diuresis (POD) occurrence or severe chronic renal failure (CRF) persistence after the release of urinary tract obstruction in the setting of post‐renal acute kidney injury (PR‐AKI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Bi‐centre retrospective observational study of all patients with PR‐AKI treated in two intensive care units (ICUs) from 1998 to 2010.
Clinical, biological and imaging characteristics on admission and after the release of obstruction were analysed with univariate and, if possible, multivariate analysis to search for predictors of (i) occurrence of POD (diuresis >4 L/day) after the release of obstruction; (ii) persistence of severe CRF (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, including end‐stage CRF) at 3 months.
RESULTS
On admission, median (range) serum creatinine was 866 (247–3119) µmol/L.
POD occurred in 34 (63%) of the 54 analysable patients. On admission, higher serum creatinine (Odds ratio [OR] 1.002 per 1 µmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000–1.004, P= 0.004), higher serum bicarbonate (OR 1.36 per 1 mmol/L, 95% CI 1.13–1.65, P < 0.001), and urinary retention (OR 6.96, 95% CI 1.34–36.23, P= 0.01) independently predicted POD occurrence.
Severe CRF persisted in seven (21%) of the 34 analysable patients, including two (6%) cases of end‐stage CRF. Predictors of severe CRF persistence after univariate analysis were: lower blood haemoglobin (P < 0.001) and lower serum bicarbonate (P= 0.03) on admission, longer time from admission to the release of obstruction (P= 0.01) and absence of POD (P= 0.04) after the release of obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS
In severe PR‐AKI treated in ICU, POD occurrence was a frequent event that predicted renal recovery without severe CRF.
POD occurrence or severe CRF persistence could be predicted early from clinical and biological variables at admission before the release of obstruction.
Prostate angiosarcoma: is there any association with previous radiation therapy?
Authors: Khaliq Waseem , Meyer Christian F. , Uzoaru Ikechukwu , Wolf Richard M. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Angiosarcomas are histological subtype of sarcomas and rarely involve the prostate gland. Only ten cases of prostate angiosarcoma have been reported in the literature to date. Occurrence of post‐irradiation prostate angiosarcoma is rare considering the frequency of radiotherapy used for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. We provide a brief review of all cases of prostate angiosarcoma and describe the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, prognostic factors and current treatment options for prostate angiosarcoma.For the current review a literature search was carried out using Pubmed, EmBase, and Cochrane databases. All cases of prostate angioscaroma reported to date and observational studies evaluating the radiation associated cancer occurrence were reviewed. Despite the rarity, prostate angiosarcomas display remarkable clinical and pathological heterogeneity, and a treatment challenge. We found the association of prostate angiosarcoma with radiation therapy to be weak based upon the results from observational studies and case reports. Although radiation exposure has been suggested etiology of prostate angiosarcomas, assumption of such association is not supported by the current literature.