bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allohymenolepis palawanensis sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) from the Philippine bird, Nectarinia jugularis (Tweeddale 1878)
Authors: Deardorff Thomas L. , Schmidt Gerald D. , Kuntz Robert E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAllohymenolepis palawanensis sp. n. from a yellow-breasted sunbird, Nectarinia jugularis, in Palawan, Republic of the Philippines, is characterized by possessing a sucker diameter of 52–56 μm, a scolex of 120 × 157–166 μm, ovary 25–40 × 71–90 μm, and a vitelline gland of 17–25μm
Morphological and histochemical observations on the digestive system of Cotylophoron cotylophorum
Authors: Parshad V. R. , Guraya S. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe amphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum feeds entirely on semidigested rumenal contents (plant material living bacteria, and protozoa). Morphological and histochemical studies have been made of the digestive system. Two types of cells occur in the caecal epithelium, the first type were larger and cuboidal with granular cytoplasm containing a high amount of RNA and proteins. The second smaller type were fewer, and contained pyknotic nuclei; their cytoplasm was vacuolated. The cells of the first type bear microvilli at the luminal surface. The surface coat consists of saliva resistant acetylated acid mucopolysaccharides containing hyaluronic acid with carboxyl polyanions. Intense activities of acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and ATPase, and moderate activities of nonspecific esterase and lipase are localized at the brush border. The functional significance of the surface carbohydrates and the hydrolytic enzymes has been discussed in relation to digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The effect of Praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Coles G. C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT3 × 10−6M praziquantel fails to completely paralyse miracidia and cercariae in a short time but they are not infective when maintained in the solution. 3 × 10−5M praziquantel prevents infected snails shedding cercariae but does not kill daughter sporocyts or developing cercariae. As the action of praziquantel on adult worms is not blocked by 10−2M mecamylamine, pempidine or carbachol, but is reduced by calcium deplection, it is suggested that praziquantel may act by permitting calcium influx to muscle cells causing them to contract.
A comparison of the characteristics of two strains of Schistosoma intercalatum Fisher, 1934 in mice
Authors: Bjørneboe Agnete , Frandsen Flemming 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSchistosoma intercalatum and from Cameroon and Zaire each have their specific snail intermediate host. Hybridization experiments between S. intercalatum from Cameroon and Zaire have resulted in viable miracidia for only two generations. If the two strains are of the same species, cross breeding should be possible for several generations. This paper presents a comparison of the characteristics of the two strains of S. intercalatum in experimental infections in mice.Worm return, male-female worm ratio, growth rate, number of testes in male adult worms are compared. The quantitative distribution of eggs in the tissues of the mice is recorded. A comparison of the size and shape of the parasite eggs is described as are the changes in the weight of the liver and spleen of the infected mice.It is considered that the differences observed between the two strains of S. intercalatum do not necessitate a division of the two strains into two separate species.
Hypodontus macropi Mönnig, 1929, a hookworm-like parasite of macropodid marsupials
Authors: Beveridge I. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHypodontus macropi Mönnig, 1929, is redescribed and its taxonomic affinities discussed. H. macropi is recorded for the first time from Wallabia bicolor, Macropus robustus, M. fuliginosus, M. dorsalis, M. agilis and Thylogale billardierii. The method of attachment of the parasite and gross and histopathological changes associated with it are described. Free living larval stages are described. Experimental infestations were attempted but were not successful. Hypodountus thetidis Johnston and Mawson, 1939, is made a synonym of H. macropi.
Cirkennedya porlockensis, a new genus and species of digenean from the sunfish Mola mola (L.)
Authors: Gibson D. I. , Bray R. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTCirkennedya porlockensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the intestine of Mola mola off Porlock, Somerset, England. The Systematic position of this new genus is discussed. It appears to be the first example of the family Macroderoididae to be reported from a marine teleost host. The status of this family in relation to the Plagiorchiidae is briefly commented upon.
Moaciria chondropythonis sp. n. (Heterakidae; Spinicaudinae), a nematode from a Papuan tree python, Chondropython viridis
Authors: Gibbons Lynda M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMoaciria chondropythonis sp. n., from cysts in the wall of the oesophageal/stomach junction of Chondropython viridis originally from New Guinea but kept in captivity at the Zoological Society of London for three months is described and figured. It is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae and by its larger size.
Goezia lacerticola sp. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Alligator mississippiensis from Florida
Authors: Deardorff Thomas L. , Overstreet Robin M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTGoezia lacerticola sp. n. infects the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, in Florida. The stomach ascaridoid is characterized by possessing 28 – 32 pairs of caudal papillae of which 4 are postcloacal, 2 are paracloacal, and the rest are precloacal; a body length of 3.9 – 8.2 mm, spicules 8 – 16% of the body length; and a length-ratio of the intestinal caecum to ventricular appendage of 1:2.1 – 4.6 mm. Its ventricular appendage consists of two longitudinal compartments.
Evidence for increased susceptibility of Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) to subsequent homologous infections
Authors: Klei Thomas R. , McCall John W. , Malone John B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of existing Brugia pahangi infections on the establishment of a subsequent population was studied using jirds which had pre-challenge infections of 4 and 8 months duration. Necropsies were performed 28 days post-challenge inoculation in order to separate challenge and initial worm populations. The results indicate that existing infections of 4 or 8 months duration increase the susceptibility to subsequent homologous infections. The location of challenge population worms in tissue sites examined did not differ significantly between previously infected and uninfected groups. Previous infections did not affect the early growth of challenge population worms as indicated by their length.
Infectivity in rodents of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae of human and murine origin
Authors: Combes C. , Imbert-Establet D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExperimental infections of white laboratory mice and wild rats (Rattus rattus) with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni of different descent, whether murine or human, demonstrate that there is no significant difference in the probability of maturation of these cercariae into adult schistosomes.These results enable us to hypothesise that the reverse would be true, i.e. that cercariae of murine or human descent would be capable of infecting man with the same success rate.Circulation of the parasite from man to the rat and from the rat to man may therefore occur in natural habitats, which does not mean that rodents can maintain indefinitely and independently Schistosoma mansoni, nor does it mean that murine strains may not evolve locally.
Threonine and serine dehydratase activity in the buffalo liver-flukeFasciola indica
Authors: Tandon R. S. , Misra K. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSerine dehydratase was found to be five times more active than threonine dehydratase in the liver-flukeFasciola indica. The latter was not affected by L-isoleucine. Optimum pH for both enzymes was found to be 9.0 in tris-universal buffer. Seven metallic ions tested did not accelerate the enzyme activity, but produced different effects on two enzymes. Two different enzymes probably exist for the two aminoacids, L-threonine and L-serine.
Epidemiological observations on lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, in donkeys from Morocco
Authors: Pandey V. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRegular monthly examination of lungs of donkeys, with a total of 423 in a year, revealed that in Morocco Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection is present throughout the year with an annual incidence of 47.8% (range 30 to 62.2%). The monthly mean number of worms per animal varied from 19.4 to 69.6 (annual average 39.5) with a maximum of 1000 worms in a donkey. October, February and June are the months when peaks of infections were observed. The ratio of worms in lungs to larvae per g in faeces (L.P.G) ratio varied from 1:0.57 to 1:1.33 (average 1:0.97) and although this relation was significant, cases with high worm burden and no larvae in faeces were observed.
Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: IV — prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs
Authors: Dada B. J. O 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786; Rudolphi, 1801) infections in stray dogs were recorded in the Sudan and Northern Guinea zones at a prevalence rate of 6.2% and 1.2% respectively. The parasite was not recorded in any stray dog obtained from the Bauchi Plateau zone, although fewer dogs were examined from this zone.The high prevalence of echinococcosis in dogs reported in the Sudan zone bears a true epidemiological relationship with the high prevalence of cystic hydatidosis recorded for slaughtered livestock within the same locality. There is therefore a strong possibility of a high rate of faecal contamination of the environments under consideration with Echinococcus eggs, which places the human population at a high risk.
A Revision of the GenusAnisakisDujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata)
Authors: Davey J. T. 
Published: June 2009

By clarifying which taxonomic characters are of specific significance and by defining the intra specific limits of individual morphological variations, seventeen species of the genusAnisakiswere shown to represent only three distinguishable forms, these beingAnisakis simplex(Rudoiphi, 1809 det. Krabbe, 1878),A. typica(Diesing, 1860) andA. physeterisBaylis, 1923. The morphological characters in order of importance for identifying these species are the spicules, the postanal papillae, the form of the ventriculus, the position of the vulva and the form of the lips. These three species were also found to be satisfactory when discussed in geographical and ecological terms.The four remaining species in the genus,Anisakis dussumierii(van Beneden, 1870),A. alexandriHsü and Hoeppli, 1933,A. insignis(Diesing, 1851) andA. schupakoviMozgovoi, 1915 are retained asspecies inquirendaefor lack of sufficient information concerning them.
Investigations of the unimiracidial infection ofSchistosoma intercalatumin snails and the infection of the final host using cercariae of one sex
Authors: Frandsen Flemming 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTInfection with single miracidial doses ofSchistosoma intercalatumfrom Cameroun inBulinus forskaliiand from Zaïre inB. globosusresulted in an equal number of male and female infections. The cercarial production of both sexes started at the same time. The male infected snails produced a greater number of cercariae, because of the longer duration of infection.The recovery of schistosomes from infection with male and female cercariae was forS. intercalatum, Zaïre, 38·8 ± 10·6 and 18·7 ± 14·0 respectively.ForS. intercalatumfrom Cameroun, with single sex cercariae from two different populations of intermediate hosts from Zaïre and Cameroun were 38·3 ± 7·3 (♂); 20·3 ± 9·3 (♀) and 35·0 ± 8·7 (♂); 12·2 ± 4·5 (♀), respectively.
Intestinal helminth parasites of the ray Raja naevus in British waters
Authors: McVicar A. H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFive cestode, one monogenean, and two nematode species comprised the “normal” intestinal helminth fauna of Raja naevus in British waters. An additional two nematodes, a digenean, an acanthocephalan and a crustacean recorded are considered to be accidental infections. Geographical differences in the species composition and level of infection are noted and discussed. Short descriptions of the tetraphyllidean cestode Echeneibothrium sp. and the nematode Capillaria sp. are given, but the species, although probably both new, are left unnamed. The intensity of cestode infections show two patterns associated with host length and these are discussed in relation to variations in host diet. Speculations are made on the cestode life cycles. Only Echeneibothrium sp. numbers showed any significant variation associated with host sex.
Development of Microphalloides japonicus (Osborn, 1919) metacercariae in vitro (Trematoda: Microphallidae)
Authors: Fujino Takahiro , Hamajima Fusanori , Ishii Yoichi , Mori Ryoichi 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMetacercariae of the trematode Microphalloides japonicus (Osborn, 1919) were cultivated in various media to gravid adults, and the results were compared with those in vivo. A few eggs were produced in the uterus even in balanced salt solution, although cultivation in Eagle's MEM and NCTC 109 media was much better. Addition of heat-inactivated serum resulted in even better development. Encysted metacercariae also produced eggs in some media, but most of them were incomplete and without shells.
The response of nematodes in vivo and in vitro to some anthelmintics
Authors: Coles G. C. , McNeillie R. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDietary feeding of drugs for 5 days to mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius and Hymenolepis nana detected all modern anthelmintics examined except stilbazium. A simple test using eggs of Nematodirus spathiger and adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to detect anthelmintics in vitro is reported.
Observations on the effect of anthelmintic treatment on the transmission of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum Spp. Among sows at pasture
Authors: Rose J. H. , Small A. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe transmission of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. following anthelmintic treatment was studied over a period of two years in a herd of sows kept out-of-doors on a commercial farm in south-eastern England. The sows were moved on to a clean pasture each autumn and at the same time were treated with an anthelmintic. The treatment was repeated six months later when the faecal worm egg count was rising. Contamination of the pasture with worm eggs was both light and intermittent. The pasture herbage remained free of infective larvae until the early summer; subsequently the herbage became lightly infected with larvae so that transmission of the parasites was possible, but limited. The level of infection on the herbage was much lower than was seen in earlier observations when the more commonly used system of treating groups of sows at different times of the year, in between farrowings, was used.
5′-Nucleotidase activity and substrate affinity in digenetic trematodes
Authors: Siddiqui Afzal A. , Nizami Wajih A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT5′-nucleotidases of eight species of digenetic trematodes were studied using five different substrates. All species showed the following preferential order of substrate affinity; AMP>CMP>GMP>TMP>UMP. It was observed that different species occupying similar habitats possessed closely related levels of enzyme activities. The function of 5′-nucleotidases in trematodes is also suggested.
Techniques for locating isotopically labelled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in host tissues for ultrastructural investigations
Authors: Crabtree Jean E. , Wilson R. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe use of 75Selenomethionine labelled cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni for ultrastructural localization of parasites in host tissues has been evaluated. Both gamma counting of tissue, and autoradiography of resin-embedded tissue were successful. The autoradiographic technique was more sensitive and schistosomula were readily located in pulmonary tissue up to 24 days post-infection.
Chemical nature and mode of stabilization of eggshell/capsule of some cyclophyllidean cestodes
Authors: Arfin M. , Nizami W. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe Chemical nature and mode of stabilization of the eggshell/capsule of Moniezia expansa, Avitellinalahorea and Stilesia globipunctata have been investigated using histochemical techniques. In M. expansa Where vitelline glands are present, the eggshell is stabilized by -S-S and -S-H linkages Whereas in A. lahorea and S. globipunctata, the viteline glands are absent and the double membranes, fibrous capsule and paruterine organ contain mainly elastokeratin-type structural protein. The possible role of the vitellaria in the presence or absence of eggshell and its thickness is discussed.
Biochemical and histochemical studies of alkaline and acid phosphatases in a digenetic trematode,Pegosomum egretti
Authors: Rajvanshi Indra , Mali K. L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe biochemistry and histochemistry ofPegosomum egrettihave been studied using standard techniques. Phosphatases were analysed colorimetrically; the optimum pH for acid phosphatase activity was 5·0 and for alkaline phosphatase was 10·0. The results were compared with those of other trematodes. Histochemical localization of acid and alkaline phosphatases revealed differences in enzyme activity in various tissues. These differences in the site and pattern of distribution of the two enzymes have been discussed in relation to transport of raw materials and the metabolism of the cell concerned.
Development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the snail, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in an experimental definitive host, the Muscovy duck
Authors: Islam K. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the intermediate host, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in experimental definitive hosts, Muscovy ducks is described, 24 hours after entry into the snail, miracidia had lost their cilia, epidermal plates and lateral processes and became young mother sporocysts. They were located in the tissues of the head-foot organ of the snail and were oval in cross section but still retained the shape of a miracidium, and measured 0·058–0·66 × 0·041–0·049 mm. From the seventh day onward young mother sporocyts were tubular, thin-walled, irregular in shape and were in the tissues of the lung and kidney of the snail. On the 24th day mature mother sporocysts and young daughter sporocysts were found in the digestive gland. Between the 24 th and 29th day mature daughter sporocysts with fully developed cercariae ready to emerge, or already emerged, could be seen in the digestive gland of the snail. Cercariae emerged from the snail from the 29th to 46th day after exposure at 25°±1°:C. The prepatent period of T. australis in the Muscovy ducks was 22 to 42 days after the beginning of exposure to cercariae.
Electrophoretic identification of larvae and adults of Anisakis (Ascaridida:Anisakidae)
Authors: Orecchia P. , Paggi L. , Mattiucci S. , Smith J. W. , Nascetti G. , Bullini L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe relationships between larvae and adults of Anisakis from the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean were analysed by multilocus electrophoresis. The correspondence of type I larvae with the A. simplex complex, including the sibling species A. simplex A and B, and of type II larvae with A. physeteris is confirmed. 19 of the 22 loci studied discriminated between the two larval types. Biochemical keys are given for the electrophoretic identification of A. simplex A, A. simplex B and A. physeteris, at both the larval and adult stages.
Synergistic effect of migrating Ascaris larvae and Escherichia coli in piglets
Authors: Adedeji S. O. , Ogunba E. O. , Dipeolu O. O. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe effect of intestinal flora on the establishment, development and pathogenicity of Ascaris suum larvae in piglets (Large White breed) was investigated. The infected piglets with Ascaris and Escherichia coli showed signs of pneumonia, cough with respiratory difficulties initially even though these moderated with time. They lost appetite and showed signs of unthriftiness with loss of weight. The packed cell volume was normal but the differential leucocyte counts of the pigs infected with Ascaris larvae and bacteria had high neutrophils, unlike the very high lymphocyte count observed in piglets with ascarids only. The piglets had generalized serous atrophy of body fat. The pericardial and perirenal fats were gelatinous. There was a firm and nodular grey and red hepatization with abscess pockets in the intermediate and anterior one third of the diaphragmatic lobes of the lungs. The liver contained greyish-white and depressed focus immediately dorsal to the area of attachment to the gall bladder with multifocal areas. There was no significant gross lesion in the control animals. Cultural and microscopic examinations of some internal organs of the infected animals showed that bacteria were carried to the lungs by the migrating Ascaris larvae. The combined synergistic effect of Ascaris larvae and E. coli was also investigated and it was concluded that the two agents (A. suum larvae and E. coli) worked together synergistically.
Endemicity, focality and seasonality of transmission of human schistosomiasis in Amagunze Village, eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ozumba N. A. , Christensen N. Ø. , Nwosu A. B. C. , Nwaorgu O. C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe pattern of transmission of human schistosomiasis was studied in Amagunze Village, eastern Nigeria, during 1986–1987. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in 119 schoolboys aged 5–12 years was 79%. The geometric mean of intensity of infection was 49 eggs/10 ml urine and the frequency of visible haematuria was 25·2%. No S. mansoni infections were demonstrated. A marked seasonality in population density of Bulinus truncatus, B. forskalii and Biomphalaria pfeifferi was demonstrated with reduced densities during the late rainy and early dry seasons. Schistosoma sp. infected B. truncatus were found in the late dry and early rainy seasons in 2 out of 7 major human water contact sites studied. Seasonality and focality of transmission of S. haematobium and its high endemicity in the area were thus demonstrated.
Studies on host specificity inParagonimus westermani: II. Histochemical and cytochemical characterization of metacercariae and worms from rats and dogs
Authors: Fujino Takahiro , Fukuda Koichi , Hamajima Fusanori , Ishii Yoichi 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHistochemical tests were done on newly excysted metacercariae and worms recovered from an abnormal host (rat) and the definitive host (dog) for some oxidoreductases, phosphatases and glycosidases. The results demonstrate that rat worms have enzymatic distribution and intensities more similar to those of metacercariae than to adult worms from dogs. Ultracytochemical examination of acid and alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase activity was also carried out. Acid phosphatase activity occurred exceptionally in the excretory bladder and caeca of dog worms. No activity was observed in rat worms except for lysosomal granules in the tegument. Alkaline phosphatase activity was exhibited in the excretory bladder in both dog and rat worms. Mg-ATPase activity occurred in the tegument and parenchymal cells in dog worms and in the excretory bladder in rat worms. In metacercariae, little or no reaction for these enzymes was present except for Mg-ATPase activity on the excretory ducts. These observations, together with the histochemical results, indicate that metabolic activity in rat worms is higher than in metacercariae although it is strongly reduced compared with dog worms.