bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure et enjeux du commonitorium d’Orientius : un poème gouverné par une « tension eschatologique »
Authors: Martin Lucie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Orientius’s commonitorium is well-known for containing a list of vices (1,321-592 ; 2,13-84). Most scholars have underlined the unity of these lines and have considered the conclusion of the first book and the begining of the second one as digressions. Based on the observation that the commonitorium is an explicit well-structured poem, our study aims to explain the discontinuity in the treatment of vices between each book. Such considerations lead to reconsider the structure of the poem. The commonitorium seems to be drawn to its end by a kind of « eschatological tension » and presents reflection effects between the first and second books which allow to highlight the core of the poem (1,593-618; 2,1-12), previously considered as digression. This article results from an adjustment of a passage of our doctoral thesis (L. Martin, Le poème d’Orientius. Introduction, texte critique, traduction et commentaire (Université de Strasbourg 2023) 70-83 (https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2023/MARTIN_Lucie_2023_ED270.pdf).
Clinical Relevance of the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold and μ as Measures of Upper Limb Spasticity and Motor Impairment After Stroke
Authors: Piscitelli Daniele , Khayat Joy , Feldman Anatol G. , Levin Mindy F. 
Published: February 2025

Background After a central nervous system lesion, the ability to control muscle activation and relaxation in specific joint ranges may be impaired. The underlying mechanism of this sensorimotor impairment is related to a decreased ability to regulate the tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT) through descending and peripheral control processes. In dynamics, the reflex threshold and its velocity-sensitivity (μ) describe how movement in specific upper limb (UL) joint ranges is impaired after stroke. Objective To examine the relationships between measures of elbow flexor impairment using TSRT and μ, and clinical scores of spasticity and motor function. We hypothesized that TSRT and μ would be related to clinical spasticity and motor impairment scores in patients with acute and chronic stroke. Methods TSRT, μ, and clinical data of the resistance to passive movement (Modified Ashworth Scale) and UL motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA]) were collected from 120 patients. Relationships between variables were determined using simple correlations and multiple regression analysis. Results TSRT and μ explained 72.0% of the variance in the FMA of the Upper Extremity [FMA-UE] describing only in-synergy and out-of-synergy movements and reflex function. TSRT explained 68.7% of the variance in the total score of the FMA-UE. Conclusions This study shows for the first time, a significant relationship between deficits in TSRT regulation and μ with UL motor impairment after stroke. TSRT and μ may be valuable clinical biomarkers of sensorimotor impairment for monitoring spontaneous or treatment-induced motor recovery.
Developing and Implementing a Quality Improvement Curriculum in a Large Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Kim Kain , Adhyaru Bhavin , Doyle Joyce , Bussey-Jones Jada , Jones Danielle , DiFrancesco Lorenzo , Fluker Shelly Ann , Gitomer Richard , Ilksoy Nurcan 
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION Residency programs face increasing expectations to grow competency in system-based practice and quality improvement (QI) among trainees. Organizations like the American Board of Internal Medicine and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education have included QI knowledge in their recertification and accreditation requirements. We describe our experiences over a decade of sustaining a longitudinal experiential QI curriculum at a large Internal Medicine residency program. METHODS Each resident participated in interactive seminars as well as a faculty-mentored, team-based QI project. Each project was formally evaluated at an end-of-year poster presentation. RESULTS One hundred thirty-six projects were completed between 2007 and 2016. A presurvey of 51 PGY-1 residents (59%) and a postsurvey of 50 PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents (46%) demonstrated increased comfort leading a QI project and improved knowledge of QI principles. We continue a modified version of the curriculum to accommodate the residency program's restructured ambulatory teaching experiences and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Implementing a performance improvement curriculum based in a resident continuity clinic is feasible and affords several advantages. In applying QI methodologies, residents learn how to measure adherence with current evidence-based medicine guidelines and develop interventions to maintain positive momentum within the reality of busy clinical practice.
Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles using extract of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities
Authors: Ngwenya Simangele , Sithole Nkanyiso J. , Ramachela Khosi , Mthiyane Doctor M. N. , Mwanza Mulunda , Singh Moganavelli , Onwudiwe Damian C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biosynthesis techniques for nanomaterials have advanced significantly, promoting eco-friendly synthesis chemistry as a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. This study presents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing nanoparticulate ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanocomposites using aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate, is reported. The structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized NPs were analysed. A hexagonal phase of ZnO NPs and a monoclinic phase of CuO NPs were obtained according to the X-ray diffraction analysis. A reduction in the peak intensity of these metal oxides was observed in the ZnO/CuO NPs due to reduced crystallinity. The absorption spectra, obtained from the UV–vis analysis, showed peaks at 354, 365, and 525 nm for the ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO NPs, respectively. An anticancer assay of the NPs was conducted using human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines, while a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used for the antioxidant evaluation. The ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO NPs showed higher antioxidant potency with IC50 of 2.15, 2.16, and 3.18 µg/mL, respectively, than the ascorbic acid (4.25 µg/mL). This indicates that the nanoparticles were more effective in capturing DPPH free radicals. Anticancer assays showed strong cytotoxic effects for all nanoparticles, with ZnO NPs exhibiting the highest activity (IC50: 1.94 μM for HEK 293 cells, 3.23 μM for HeLa cells), surpassing CuO and ZnO/CuO NPs. Cell viability for both HEK 293 and HeLa cells decreased as nanoparticle concentration increased, confirming dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The green synthesized metal oxides and their composite have the potential for biomedical applications.
Using individual barcodes to increase quantification power of massively parallel reporter assays
Authors: Keukeleire Pia , Rosen Jonathan D. , Göbel-Knapp Angelina , Salomon Kilian , Schubach Max , Kircher Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) are an experimental technology for measuring the activity of thousands of candidate regulatory sequences or their variants in parallel, where the activity of individual sequences is measured from pools of sequence-tagged reporter genes. Activity is derived from the ratio of transcribed RNA to input DNA counts of associated tag sequences in each reporter construct, so-called barcodes. Recently, tools specifically designed to analyze MPRA data were developed that attempt to model the count data, accounting for its inherent variation. Of these tools, MPRAnalyze and mpralm are most widely used. MPRAnalyze models barcode counts to estimate the transcription rate of each sequence. While it has increased statistical power and robustness against outliers compared to mpralm, it is slow and has a high false discovery rate. Mpralm, a tool built on the R package Limma, estimates log fold-changes between different sequences. As opposed to MPRAnalyze, it is fast and has a low false discovery rate but is susceptible to outliers and has less statistical power.

Results
We propose BCalm, an MPRA analysis framework aimed at addressing the limitations of the existing tools. BCalm is an adaptation of mpralm, but models individual barcode counts instead of aggregating counts per sequence. Leaving out the aggregation step increases statistical power and improves robustness to outliers, while being fast and precise. We show the improved performance over existing methods on both simulated MPRA data and a lentiviral MPRA library of 166,508 target sequences, including 82,258 allelic variants. Further, BCalm adds functionality beyond the existing mpralm package, such as preparing count input files from MPRAsnakeflow, as well as an option to test for sequences with enhancing or repressing activity. Its built-in plotting functionalities allow for easy interpretation of the results.

Conclusions
With BCalm, we provide a new tool for analyzing MPRA data which is robust and accurate on real MPRA datasets. The package is available at https://github.com/kircherlab/BCalm.
A doubly robust estimator for continuous treatments in high dimensions
Authors: Gao Qian , Wang Jiale , Fang Ruiling , Sun Hongwei , Wang Tong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Generalized propensity score (GPS) methods have become popular for estimating causal relationships between a continuous treatment and an outcome in observational studies with rich covariate information. The presence of rich covariates enhances the plausibility of the unconfoundedness assumption. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to ensure the correct specification of both marginal and conditional treatment distributions, beyond the assumption of unconfoundedness.

Method
We address limitations in existing GPS methods by extending balance-based approaches to high dimensions and introducing the Generalized Outcome-Adaptive LASSO and Doubly Robust Estimate (GOALDeR). This novel approach integrates a balance-based method that is robust to the misspecification of distributions required for GPS methods, a doubly robust estimator that is robust to the misspecification of models, and a variable selection technique for causal inference that ensures an unbiased and statistically efficient estimation.

Results
Simulation studies showed that GOALDeR was able to generate nearly unbiased estimates when either the GPS model or the outcome model was correctly specified. Notably, GOALDeR demonstrated greater precision and accuracy compared to existing methods and was slightly affected by the covariate correlation structure and ratio of sample size to covariate dimension. Real data analysis revealed no statistically significant dose-response relationship between epigenetic age acceleration and Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion
In this study, we proposed GOALDeR as an advanced GPS method for causal inference in high dimensions, and empirically demonstrated that GOALDeR is doubly robust, with improved accuracy and precision compared to existing methods. The R package is available at https://github.com/QianGao-SXMU/GOALDeR.
Identifying acute kidney injury in children: comparing electronic alerts with health record data
Authors: Plumb Lucy , Savino Manuela , Casula Anna , Sinha Manish D. , Inward Carol D. , Marks Stephen D. , Medcalf James , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Electronic (e-)alerts for rising serum creatinine values are increasingly used as clinical indicators of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree AKI episodes, as identified using e-alerts, correlated with coding for AKI in the hospital record for a national cohort of hospitalised children and examine whether coding corresponded with 30-day mortality after an AKI episode.

Methods
A cross-section of AKI episodes based on alerts issued for children under 18 years in England during 2017 were linked to hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine patient and clinical factors associated with AKI coding. Agreement between coding and 30-day mortality was examined at hospital level.

Results
6272 AKI episodes in 5582 hospitalised children were analysed. Overall, coding was poor (19.7%). Older age, living in the least deprived quintile (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1, 1.7) and higher peak AKI stage (stage 1 reference; stage 2 OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7, 2.4; stage 3 OR 8.6, 95% CI 7.1, 10.6) were associated with higher likelihood of coding in the hospital record. AKI episodes during birth admissions were less likely to be coded (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.5). No correlation was seen between coding and 30-day mortality.

Conclusions
The proportion of AKI alert-identified episodes coded in the hospital record is low, suggesting under-recognition and underestimation of AKI incidence. Understanding the reasons for inequalities in coding, variation in coding between hospitals and how alerts can enhance clinical recognition is needed.
CEO Hometown Preference in Corporate Environmental Policies
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Qiping , Zhu Qifei 
Published: February 2025

We exploit within-firm variations in plant-level toxic releases to examine the effect of managerial hometown preference on corporate environmental policies. We find that pollution levels are about 30% lower for plants located near chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) hometowns. This reduction is achieved through resource-intensive pollution control efforts, including source reduction and waste management activities. Analyses using CEO turnover provide causal inferences. Local residents benefit from CEO hometown pollution reduction as localities hosting more hometown plants experience improved environmental conditions and better residential health outcomes. On the other hand, some evidence suggests that CEOs’ hometown preference is related to agency frictions. Overall, our findings reveal the impact of CEOs’ personal motivations on corporate pollution dynamics and their consequential effects on the well-being of local communities. This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting. Funding: Q. Xu gratefully acknowledges research support from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02560 .
Pensamento estratégico e lógica de programação na perspectiva de Mário Testa
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Jéssica , Borda Maria Gabriela 
Published: February 2025

Esta resenha privilegia o primeiro capítulo do livro escrito por Mario Testa onde ele aborda o pensamento estratégico que orienta comportamentos organizacionais destinados ao manejo de situações em que seja preciso superar obstáculos que se oponham à conquista de um objetivo. Essa forma de contornar a situação para alcançar dada meta e estabelecer condições favoráveis ao próprio desempenho. Ou ainda como uma manobra para obter maior liberdade de ação. O pensamento estratégico deve guiar não apenas o planejamento das políticas em saúde mas o fazer organizacional do ator politicamente orientado para a transformação.
Implementing contemporary issues through curriculum development, teaching models and curriculum design for teaching institutes in Nigeria
Authors: S. Adiaha Monday , I. Anabe Momoh , A. Ndifon Mary , I. Udom Grace , U. Ocheje David 
Published: February 2025

The paper investigated contemporary issues in Nigeria through curriculum development and teaching models at various levels of education. In this research the researchers found that curriculum designing is conducted stage by stage at all levels of education. It was found out that some of the model presented the process stage to be more important than the objectives. Other models puts objectives to be the most important feature of curriculum design. All models presented stress the importance of considering a variety of factors affecting the society in which the curriculum is to be implemented, as curriculum is meant to solve the problem of the society in which it is developed.Â Â Â
The theory of human capital as the basis of the economy of labor
Authors: Leputa Natalia 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to show how well-known and respected economists with different background have perceived capital and economy over the centuries. Particular attention has been paid to the history of economics and the importance of human capital, which should be con-tinuously expanded and deepened in order to develop new skills needed, for example in future work, but also the attention will focus on several formulas which are used to calculate capital.Â Â
Perception of head teachers of primary schools about quality primary science teaching- learning (TL) practice in Bangladesh
Authors: A K M Obaydullah Dr. , K.A. Khan Dr. 
Published: February 2025

The quality teaching and learning play an important role in achieving overall quality education. According to the record most of the PEC examination, the quality of science was the below among other subjects. Even internal examination results also showed the same picture. The purpose of this study was that, to investigate and describe perception of Head teachers of Primary schools about Quality Primary Science Teaching Learning practice in government primary schools of Bangladesh. For this study, data collected from a sample of 40 Head teachers from 40 government primary schools of Dhaka and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and structured interview schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for analysis of data. The findings of the study revealed that student-teacher ratio was high and also there were lack of subject based teaching and effective use of teaching aids. Maximal school has multimedia but they do not use. Maximum school has not modern class room, library and science equipment. Utmost of the teachers never used teaching aids. Near about fifty five percent of head teachers did not have science subject training. The study recommended that student teacher ratio should be reduced, quality based supervision should be improved. Science subject training are much needed for all teacher. Science class time should be increase. Teacher should be taking class with the lesson plan and striking.Â Â Â
Nigeria -U.S cooperation on counterinsurgency: a critical examination of the structures and dimensions of U.S technical aid to Nigeria
Authors: D.C Ndidigwe 
Published: February 2025

Terrorism and measures to countering it has been a major challenge to the country worst hit by the menace. The attention of the international community has focused on countering extremism in the North-East region of Nigeria ever since. This paper evaluates the Nigeria- US cooperation on counterinsurgency with emphasis on the structures and dimensions of the latterâ€™s technical aid to the former. The paper also highlights the importance of collaboration and cooperation with other countries to contain insurgency, albeit concerted efforts from both parties. However, the paper was apt to point that technical aid of whatever variant is insufficient and barely enough to decimate insurgency as such, more often than not progress in such cooperative relations is always at the whims and caprices of the donor or giver nation. It recommends that, a countryâ€™s pursuit of a robust counterterrorism strategy must have some local panache interlaced with external input.Â Â
Filozofia po góralsku wobec Aten Roztocza
Authors: Obirek Stanisław 
Published: February 2025

Józef Tischner (1931–2000) often wove expressions from the mountain dialect into his texts and lectures. He was convinced that the highland mentality concealed authentic philosophical thinking, and was especially fascinated by the highlanders attachment to freedom (śleboda). The culmination of these fascinations was a book written in highland dialect, Philosophy in Highlander (1997), which is regarded as Tischner’s most original achievement.
Less well known is the philosophical project, still in statu nascendi, of philosopher and theologian Tadeusz Guz (b. 1959) to establish a philosophical center in Roztocze, which he called the Athens of Roztocze. Although Guz’s project is in its beginning, one can see in it a certain idea of synthesizing many philosophical and theological traditions. The purpose of this article is to juxtapose these two ideas as attempts to incorporate philosophical thinking into a local context.
Associations between body mass index and sleep duration in Brazilian children and adolescents: the moderating role of screen time
Authors: Borfe Leticia , Sehn Ana P. , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Mota Jorge , Burns Ryan Donald , Brand Caroline , Gaya Anelise R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To verify the moderating role of screen time in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration in children and adolescents.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 1,338 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years old; 761 girls) recruited from a municipality in south Brazil. Body weight and height were assessed to calculate BMI. Information regarding screen time, sleep duration, age, sex, sexual maturation, housing area, and socioeconomic status was obtained through a self-reported questionnaire. Moderation was tested using multiple linear regression modelling through an SPSS program extension. All models were adjusted for sex, age, sexual maturation, housing area, and socioeconomic status.

Results
No association was found between BMI and sleep duration (β=0.830; 95 % CI=−0.943; 2.603). However, when the role of screen time was considered, it was observed that this variable significantly moderated the relationship between BMI and sleep duration (β=−0.006; 95 % CI=−0.011; −0.001). Specifically, children and adolescents who spent more than 360 min per day in front of the screens presented higher BMI and shorter sleep durations.

Conclusions
The more time children and adolescents spend in front of screens, the higher the likelihood it will negatively affect their BMI and sleep duration. These findings emphasize the need for interventions that promote healthy screen habits and encourage behaviors that support optimal sleep duration to mitigate the potential negative effects on body weight and overall health.
A programmable platform for photonic topological insulators
Authors: Love Stuart , Idjadi Mohamad Hossein , Ashtiani Farshid , Lee Howard (Ho-Wai) , Blanco-Redondo Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the past decade, the field of topological photonics has gained prominence exhibiting consequential effects in quantum information science, lasing, and large-scale integrated photonics. Many of these topological systems exhibit protected states, enabling robust travel along their edges without being affected by defects or disorder. Nonetheless, conventional topological structures often lack the flexibility for implementing different topological models and for tunability postfabrication. Here, we present a method to implement magnetic-like Hamiltonians supporting topologically protected edge modes on a general-purpose programmable silicon photonic mesh of interferometers. By reconfiguring the lattice onto a two-dimensional mesh of ring resonators with carefully tuned couplings, we show robust edge state transport even in the presence of manufacturing tolerance defects. We showcase the system’s reconfigurability by demonstrating topological insulator lattices of different sizes and shapes and introduce edge and bulk defects to underscore the robustness of the photonic edge states. Our study paves the way for the implementation of photonic topological insulators on general-purpose programmable photonics platforms.