bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal radiation and conduction properties of materials ranging from sand to rock-fill
Authors: Fillion Marie-Hélène , Côté Jean , Konrad Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2011

This paper presents an experimental study on thermal radiation and the thermal conductivity of rock-fill materials using a 1 m × 1 m × 1 m heat transfer cell. Testing temperatures are applied by temperature-controlled fluid circulation at the top and bottom of the sample. Heat flux and temperature profiles are measured to establish the effective thermal conductivity λe, which includes contributions from both conduction and radiation heat transfer mechanisms. The materials studied had an equivalent particle size (d10) ranging from 90 to 100 mm and porosity (n) ranging from 0.37 to 0.41. The experimental results showed that thermal radiation greatly affects the effective thermal conductivity of materials with λe values ranging from 0.71 to 1.02 W·m−1·K−1, compared with a typical value of 0.36 W·m−1·K−1 for conduction alone. As expected, the effective thermal conductivity increased with particle size. An effective thermal conductivity model has been proposed, and predictions have been successfully compared with the experimental results. Radiation heat transfer becomes significant for d10 higher than 10 mm and predominant at values higher than 90 mm. The results of the study also suggest that the cooling potential of convection embankments used to preserve permafrost conditions may not be as efficient as expected because of ignored radiation effects.
STABILITY ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATIONS OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEM ARISING FROM A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR AN ASSET MARKET
Authors: BELITSKY VLADIMIR , PEREIRA ANTONIO LUIZ , DE ALMEIDA PRADO FERNANDO PIGEARD 
Published: April 2011

We analyze the stability properties of equilibrium solutions and periodicity of orbits in a two-dimensional dynamical system whose orbits mimic the evolution of the price of an asset and the excess demand for that asset. The construction of the system is grounded upon a heterogeneous interacting agent model for a single risky asset market. An advantage of this construction procedure is that the resulting dynamical system becomes a macroscopic market model which mirrors the market quantities and qualities that would typically be taken into account solely at the microscopic level of modeling. The system's parameters correspond to: (a) the proportion of speculators in a market; (b) the traders' speculative trend; (c) the degree of heterogeneity of idiosyncratic evaluations of the market agents with respect to the asset's fundamental value; and (d) the strength of the feedback of the population excess demand on the asset price update increment. This correspondence allows us to employ our results in order to infer plausible causes for the emergence of price and demand fluctuations in a real asset market. The employment of dynamical systems for studying evolution of stochastic models of socio-economic phenomena is quite usual in the area of heterogeneous interacting agent models. However, in the vast majority of the cases present in the literature, these dynamical systems are one-dimensional. Our work is among the few in the area that construct and study analytically a two-dimensional dynamical system and apply it for explanation of socio-economic phenomena.
ELECTRON SELF-ENERGY IN PSEUDO-HERMITIAN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS WITH A MAXIMAL MASS M
Authors: NEZNAMOV V. P. 
Published: April 2011

The electron self-energy (self-mass) is calculated on the basis of the model of quantum field theory with maximal mass M, developed by V. G. Kadyshevsky et al. within the pseudo-Hermitian quantum electrodynamics in the second order of the perturbation theory. In theory, there is the natural cut-off of large transmitted momentum in intermediate states because of presence of the universal mass M. As a result, the electron self-mass is finite and depends on the transmitted maximum momentum [Formula: see text]. Two interpretations of the obtained results are possible at defined M and A. The first interpretation allows confirming quantitatively the old concept of elementary particle mass sources defined by interaction of particles with self-gauge fields. The second interpretation results in the possibility not to renormalize the mass (at least in the second order of perturbation theory) owing to the zero mass operator ∑(p).
Luminal Expression of PIK3CA Mutant H1047R in the Mammary Gland Induces Heterogeneous Tumors
Authors: Meyer Dominique S. , Brinkhaus Heike , Müller Urs , Müller Matthias , Cardiff Robert D. , Bentires-Alj Mohamed 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade, a key mediator of cellular survival, growth, and metabolism, is frequently altered in human cancer. Activating mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the α-catalytic subunit of PI3K, occur in approximately 30% of breast cancers. These mutations result in constitutive activity of the enzyme and are oncogenic, but it is not known whether they are sufficient to induce mammary carcinomas in mice. In the present study, we show that the expression of mutant PIK3CA H1047R in the luminal mammary epithelium evokes heterogeneous tumors that express luminal and basal markers and are positive for the estrogen receptor. Our results suggest that the PIK3CA H1047R oncogene targets a multipotent progenitor cell and, furthermore, show that this model recapitulates features of human breast tumors with PIK3CA H1047R. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4344–51. ©2011 AACR.
A Multicellular Basis for the Origination of Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sachs Rainer K. , Johnsson Kerstin , Hahnfeldt Philip , Luo Janet , Chen Allen , Hlatky Lynn 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a specific chromosome translocation, and its pathobiology is considered comparatively well understood. Thus, quantitative analysis of CML and its progression to blast crisis may help elucidate general mechanisms of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Hitherto, it has been widely postulated that CML blast crisis originates mainly via cell-autonomous mechanisms such as secondary mutations or genomic instability. However, recent results suggest that carcinogenic transformation may be an inherently multicellular event, in departure from the classic unicellular paradigm. We investigate this possibility in the case of blast crisis origination in CML. A quantitative, mechanistic cell population dynamics model was employed. This model used recent data on imatinib-treated CML; it also used earlier clinical data, not previously incorporated into current mathematical CML/imatinib models. With the pre-imatinib data, which include results on many more blast crises, we obtained evidence that the driving mechanism for blast crisis origination is a cooperation between specific cell types. Assuming leukemic–normal interactions resulted in a statistically significant improvement over assuming either cell-autonomous mechanisms or interactions between leukemic cells. This conclusion was robust with regard to changes in the model's adjustable parameters. Application of the results to patients treated with imatinib suggests that imatinib may act not only on malignant blast precursors, but also, to a limited degree, on the malignant blasts themselves. Cancer Res; 71(8); 2838–47. ©2011 AACR.
A Meta-Analysis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B as Markers of Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Sniderman Allan D. , Williams Ken , Contois John H. , Monroe Howard M. , McQueen Matthew J. , de Graaf Jacqueline , Furberg Curt D. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Whether apolipoprotein B (apoB) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) adds to the predictive power of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for cardiovascular risk remains controversial.

Methods and Results—

This meta-analysis is based on all the published epidemiological studies that contained estimates of the relative risks of non-HDL-C and apoB of fatal or nonfatal ischemic cardiovascular events. Twelve independent reports, including 233 455 subjects and 22 950 events, were analyzed. All published risk estimates were converted to standardized relative risk ratios (RRRs) and analyzed by quantitative meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Whether analyzed individually or in head-to-head comparisons, apoB was the most potent marker of cardiovascular risk (RRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.51), LDL-C was the least (RRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.33), and non-HDL-C was intermediate (RRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.44). The overall comparisons of the within-study differences showed that apoB RRR was 5.7%>non-HDL-C (
P
<0.001) and 12.0%>LDL-C (
P
<0.0001) and that non-HDL-C RRR was 5.0%>LDL-C (
P
=0.017). Only HDL-C accounted for any substantial portion of the variance of the results among the studies. We calculated the number of clinical events prevented by a high-risk treatment regimen of all those >70th percentile of the US adult population using each of the 3 markers. Over a 10-year period, a non-HDL-C strategy would prevent 300 000 more events than an LDL-C strategy, whereas an apoB strategy would prevent 500 000 more events than a non-HDL-C strategy.

Conclusions—
These results further validate the value of apoB in clinical care.
Validation of a New Language Screening Tool for Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Flamand-Roze Constance , Falissard Bruno , Roze Emmanuel , Maintigneux Lisa , Beziz Jonathan , Chacon Audrey , Join-Lambert Claire , Adams David , Denier Christian 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
Standard aphasia scales such as the Boston Diagnosis Aphasia Evaluation are inappropriate for use in acute stroke. Likewise, global stroke scales do not reliably detect aphasia, and existing brief aphasia screening scales suitable for patients with stroke have several limitations. The objective of this study was to generate and validate a bedside language screening tool, the Language Screening Test, suitable for use in the emergency setting.

Methods—
The Language Screening Test comprises 5 subtests and a total of 15 items. To avoid retest bias, we created 2 parallel versions of the scale. We report the equivalence of the 2 versions, their internal and external validity, and their interrater reliability. We validated the scale by administering it to 300 consecutive patients within 24 hours after admission to our stroke unit and to 104 stabilized patients with and without aphasia using the Boston Diagnosis Aphasia Evaluation as a reference.

Results—
The 2 versions of the Language Screening Test were equivalent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96. Internal validity was good; none of the items showed a floor or ceiling effect with no redundancy and good internal consistency (Cronbach α 0.88). External validation against the Boston Diagnosis Aphasia Evaluation showed a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 1. Interrater agreement was near perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.998). The median time to complete the Language Screening Test was approximately 2 minutes. Importantly, the Language Screening Test does not need to be administered by a speech and language therapist.

Conclusions—
This comprehensively validated language rating scale is simple and rapid, making it a useful tool for bedside evaluation of patients with acute stroke in routine clinical practice.
Heirs of Yu the Great: Flood Relief in 1740s China
Authors: Dunstan Helen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article presents a case study of the bureaucratic response to devastating floods that struck northern Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in 1746. It is based on the detailed official directives preserved in an anonymous casebook of administrative correspondence. The work offers revealing glimpses into the world of a senior official striving to balance correct bureaucratic procedure with prompt, meticulous attention to the pressing needs of over 800,000 flood victims. The article highlights some noteworthy features of the approach to flood relief reflected in the casebook, thereby complementing previous scholarship on the state's response to drought in the same period and refining our understanding of some points of procedure. The material arguably represents Qing famine-relief efforts at their peak of conscientiousness, on the eve of a long era of decline. Concluding reflections place the study in a larger, cross-cultural framework, identifying possible implications for the diplomacy of human rights in our own day. L'étude de cas présentée dans cet article porte sur la réponse de la bureaucratie aux inondations dévastatrices qui affligèrent les provinces du Jiangsu et du Anhui en 1746. Elle s'appuie sur les directives officielles détaillées conservées dans un recueil anonyme de correspondance administrative. L'ouvrage livre des aperçus révélateurs de l'univers d'un haut fonctionnaire s'efforçant de jongler entre l'application correcte de la réglementation et une attention immédiate et méticuleuse aux besoins urgents de plus de 800 000 victimes d'inondations. L'article met en lumière quelques traits remarquables des méthodes adoptées pour secourir ces dernières, ce qui permet de compléter les travaux antérieurs consacrés à l'action contre la sécheresse pendant ces mêmes années et d'affiner notre compréhension sur certains points de procédure. Les matériaux analysés représentent probablement les efforts pour combattre la famine sous les Qing au maximum de leur efficacité, avant une longue période de déclin. Les remarques de conclusion replacent cette étude dans une perspective interculturelle plus large et suggèrent de possibles implications pour la diplomatie des droits de l'homme aujourd'hui même.
Were there “Inner Chapters” in the Warring States? A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi
Authors: Klein Esther 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article questions the traditional beliefs that the seven “inner chapters” constitute the earliest stratum of the Zhuangzi, that they already formed a coherent unit in the Warring States, and that they came from a single hand. After reviewing what is known about the early history of the Zhuangzi text, various arguments that have been made in support of early, coherent inner chapters, are examined. Taking the Shiji portrait of the Zhuangzi as the starting point, it is shown that Sima Qian's description and use of the Zhuangzi already gives us reason to question the importance, or even existence, of the inner chapters in the Western Han. It is then shown that pre-Han and Han references to Zhuang Zhou, and parallels with the Zhuangzi text, do not necessarily even require (or support) the existence of most inner chapters, and certainly give no evidence that they were coherent and had any kind of canonical status. Though this does not constitute proof, it does give us reason to rethink the traditional beliefs about the authorship and structure of the early Zhuangzi text. In closing, the possibility of a Huainan Zhuangzi, and the role Liu An and his court might have played in the compilation of the inner chapters, is considered. Cet article met en question les conceptions traditionnelles suivant lesquelles les sept “chapitres intérieurs” constituent la strate la plus ancienne du Zhuangzi, formaient déjà un ensemble cohérent à l'époque des Royaumes Combattants, et étaient de la même main. Ce qu'on connaît de l'histoire ancienne du texte du Zhuangzi est passé en revue, puis sont examinés les divers arguments qui ont été avancés en faveur de l'ancienneté et de la cohérence des chapitres intérieurs. Partant du portrait du Zhuangzi dans le Shiji, il est démontré que déjà la description et l'usage du texte par Sima Qian nous invitent à nous poser des questions sur l'importance, voire l'existence, des chapitres intérieurs à l'époque des Han occidentaux. Puis il est constaté que les références à Zhuang Zhou sous les Han et avant, ainsi que les parallèles avec le texte du Zhuangzi, ne supposent pas nécessairement (ni ne confortent) l'existence de la plupart des chapitres intérieurs, et ne suggèrent certainement pas que ceux-ci formaient un ensemble cohérent et avaient un quelconque statut canonique. Si ces faits n'ont pas valeur de preuve, ils invitent à s'interroger sur les conceptions traditionnelles concernant l'auteur et la structure du texte primitif du Zhuangzi. En conclusion sont considérés la possibilité d'un Zhuangzi originaire de Huainan ainsi que le rôle qu'auraient pu jouer Liu An et sa cour dans la compilation des chapitres intérieurs.
The Movement Toward Mysticism in Gustavo Gutiérrez’s Thought: Is This an Open Door to Pentecostal Dialogue?
Authors: Davis Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOver the last few years a distinct shift has occurred within the thought of liberation theology’s most famous proponent, Gustavo Gutiérrez. Specifically, Gutiérrez has ventured into mysticism. With this movement a fascinating question can be posed: Does the incorporation of mysticism open up a door for dialogue with Latin America’s other popular theology, Pentecostalism? Conversely, should Pentecostalism reflexively understand itself historically and theologically as a liberating movement of the poor? Placed together, an emphasis on praxis seems to reveal, at minimum, a common starting point. The methodology of the paper incorporates a detailed historical analysis of Gutiérrez’s position on mysticism and moves to the conclusion that the shift in emphasis opens the door, albeit a small crack, to one of the most exciting opportunities to occur within the history of Christianity: the marriage of Pentecostal spirituality with liberating social action.
Emotion, Value, and the Ambiguous Honor of a Handbook
Authors: Debes Remy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractScholars take note: the philosophy of emotion is staking its claim. Peter Goldie's new Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Emotion (OHPE) is undoubtedly the most significant collection of original philosophical essays on emotion to date. It spans a broad range of topics from the nature of mind and reason to personal identity and beauty. It also boasts an incredible set of prestigious authors. But more than that – it bears testimony to its own legitimacy.
Remembering Brezhnev in the New Millennium: Post-Soviet Nostalgia and Local Identity in the City of Novorossiisk
Authors: Boele Otto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article examines the way in which "ordinary" Russians remember the era of Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982). Using various concepts of post-communist nostalgia, it demonstrates that the period is exceptionally popular, but that this should not be construed as an unambiguous desire to revive the "Golden" 1970s. Positive evaluations of the Brezhnev era are often predicated on personal memories of one's youth, which shows that post-Soviet nostalgia is not a "common," but a generation-bound phenomenon. After attempting to explain Brezhnev's popularity in the 1990s and the Putin era, the article proceeds with a discussion of Novorossiisk, a city that claims to have a special bond with Brezhnev and decided to erect a statue of him in 2004. Detailing the controversy over the statue over a period of six years, the author demonstrates the existence of a locally defined Brezhnev "text" that allows the city's inhabitants to remember him as a great leader and a staunch defender of the fatherland, but also to appropriate him for their own political needs.
Pragmatic Impairments
Authors: Stainton Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDrawing on two recent books, this article addresses the question: "What, properly speaking, is a pragmatic impairment?" It considers three answers, namely (a) that it involves clinical deficiency in the pragmatics module, (b) that it merely requires reduced performance on pragmatic tasks due to some medical condition, and (c) that pragmatic impairment is a deficit in specifically pragmatic abilities. Though the advantages and disadvantages of the three options are considered, no definitive conclusion is proposed.
Microphysics of Premonsoon and Monsoon Clouds as Seen from In Situ Measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX)
Authors: Prabha Thara V. , Khain A. , Maheshkumar R. S. , Pandithurai G. , Kulkarni J. R. , Konwar M. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Analysis of the microphysical structure of deep convective clouds using in situ measurements during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) over the Indian peninsular region is presented. It is shown that droplet size distributions (DSDs) in highly polluted premonsoon clouds are substantially narrower than DSDs in less polluted monsoon clouds. High values of DSD dispersion (0.3–0.6) and its vertical variation in the transient and monsoon clouds are related largely to the existence of small cloud droplets with diameters less than 10 μm, which were found at nearly all levels. This finding indicates the existence of a continuous generation of the smallest droplets at different heights. In some cases this generation of small droplets leads to the formation of bimodal and even multimodal DSDs. The formation of bimodal DSDs is especially pronounced in monsoon clouds. Observational evidence is presented to suggest that in-cloud nucleation at elevated layers is a fundamental mechanism for producing multimodal drop size distribution in monsoon clouds as well as in most deep convective clouds. These findings indicate that inclusion of continued nucleation away from the cloud base into numerical models should be considered to predict microphysics and precipitation of clouds in monsoons and other cloud-related phenomena.
Comments on “An Ensemble Cumulus Convection Parameterization with Explicit Cloud Treatment”
Authors: Plant Robert S. , Yano Jun-Ichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn a recent paper, Wagner and Graf derived a population evolution equation for an ensemble of convective plumes, an analog with the Lotka–Volterra equation, from the energy equations for convective plumes provided by Arakawa and Schubert. Although their proposal is interesting, as the present note shows, there are some problems with their derivation.