bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vedeggio‐Cassarate Tunnel: tunnelling in groundwater under pressure / Tunnel Vedeggio‐Cassarate: Vortrieb in gespanntem Grundwasser
Authors: Neuenschwander Matthias , Como Giovanni , Ferrari Alessandro , Gubler Gabriele 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany thousand people commute daily into Lugano in the south of Switzerland and the city has been suffering under this heavy traffic for decades. Therefore the Canton of Tessin and the local councils in the Lugano local transport area agreed twenty years ago a mobility plan including numerous construction measures. On of the most impressive structures is the Vedeggio‐Cassarate Tunnel on the approach route to Lugano from the north. This has a length of 2,630 m and links the Vedeggio Valley to the west with the Cassarate Valley to the east. The three main sections of the tunnel are described as the rock section, the loose ground section and the cut‐and‐cover section. The tunnel was driven under a built‐up area, with one school and several blocks of flats inside the area affected by the works. The essential construction challenges were tunnelling under the most important Swiss railway line under continued operation, the protection of listed historic buildings and tunnelling through loose ground below the groundwater table.Nach Lugano in der Südschweiz pendeln täglich mehrere zehntausend Menschen. Unter diesem hohen Verkehrsaufkommen leidet die Stadt seit Jahrzehnten. Deshalb beschlossen der Kanton Tessin und die Gemeinden des Nahverkehrsbereichs von Lugano bereits vor über zwanzig Jahren einen Mobilitätsplan, der auch zahlreiche Baumaßnahmen umfasst. Eines der herausragenden Bauwerke ist der Tunnel Vedeggio‐Cassarate, der die nördliche Einfallachse nach Lugano darstellt. Mit einer Länge von 2.630 m verbindet er das Vedeggio‐Tal im Westen mit dem Cassarate‐Tal im Osten. Drei Hauptstrecken des Bauwerks sind als Felsstrecke, Lockergesteins‐ und Tagebaustrecke gekennzeichnet. Der Tunnelvortrieb erfolgte unter bebautem Stadtgebiet; eine Schule und einige Mehrfamilienhäuser befanden sich im direkten Einflussbereich der Arbeiten. Die wesentlichen bautechnischen Herausforderungen waren die Unterquerung der wichtigsten Schweizer Bahnlinie unter Verkehr, der Schutz der geschützten historischen Bauten und die Durchquerung der Lockergesteinsstrecke im Grundwasser.
Bidirectional esophageal dilatation in pharyngoesophageal stenosis postradiotherapy
Authors: Gavriel Haim , Duong Cuong , Spillane John , Sizeland Andrew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeverely stenosed radiation‐induced benign strictures around the level of cricopharyngeus post–radical chemoradiation for head and neck or upper esophageal cancers pose significant management problems. We report our technique of bidirectional assessment and dilatation of pharyngoesophageal strictures in patients with an in situ percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. The upper gastrointestinal surgeon approached the area of stenosis in a retrograde manner through the PEG tube to guide the otolaryngeal surgeon who performed anterograde dilatation via a rigid laryngoscope. Between 2005 and 2009, bidirectional esophageal dilatation was performed on 5 patients at our institution. Video fluoroscopy confirmed improved patency of stenosed esophagus in all cases and good improvement in swallowing ability in 4 patients. The ability to accurately assess pharyngoesophageal strictures using bidirectional visualization and transillumination is the key modification of our technique. We suggest using bidirectional esophageal dilatation on difficult cases with severe pharyngoesophageal stenoses although extreme care is required. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Fellowships, Scholarships, and Assistantships for Guidance and Personnel Graduate Training 1962–1963
Authors: McDANIELS CARL 
Published: April 2012

This is the sixth in a series of annual articles reporting on fellowships, scholarships, and assistantships available to students in guidance and personnel graduate training. George D. Changaris, formerly Administrative Assistant at APGA, was the author of the first three articles. The present author has written the last three articles. The first article appeared in the January, 1957, issue of the Journal and included a table of requirements for admission to guidance and personnel graduate training. This has not been repeated in later articles.The data were collected by sending questionnaires to the 269 institutions listed in “Preparation Programs and Course Offerings in School and College Personnel Work 1959–60,” published by the U. S. Office of Education and additional listings. Two hundred and twenty‐eight institutions returned questionnaires for a 85 per cent return; 139 offered financial assistance and are included in this report. It may be of interest to note that a comparison of tuitions at 46 institutions represented in the current survey and the survey of the 1961–1962 academic year indicate an over‐all increase of approximately 29 per cent. A similar comparison was made of institutions relating to the specific number of scholarships, assistantships, and fellowships available in the present survey and the survey of the 1961–1962 academic year. It was found that in this comparison, scholarships went from 161 in 1961–1962 to 182 in 1962–1963; fellowships from 181 in 1961–1962 to 271 in 1962–1963; and assistantships from 372 in 1961–1962 to 573 in 1962–1963.
Interest‐Aptitude Congruency: A Theoretical Synthesis and A Suggested Method of Investigation
Authors: NUGENT FRANK A. 
Published: April 2012

During the past four decades, vocational interests have come to be considered one of the most crucial aspects of human behavior. It is evident from the reviews of research [2, 7, 10, 22] that this facet of behavior has been intriguing and challenging to psychologists and educators, for in few areas has so much research been done with such little success in developing a cohesive theoretical framework.In this paper, a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical findings about vocational interest phenomena is attempted. First, the literature on vocational interests is evaluated in order to point up some of the possible reasons for confusion and to determine if any unifying concepts have been overlooked. On the basis of this evaluation, then, a basic assumption which appears to underlie most major interest theories is presented. Next, an approach to testing this basic assumption is considered, and further hypotheses are formulated related to the basic assumption which it is hoped will lead to further research. Finally, the implications of the theoretical framework to counselors is discussed.
Motivating Boys to Read: Inquiry, Modeling, and Choice Matter
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Frey Nancy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA great deal of attention is being paid to the lack of reading and academic success for adolescent males. In this article, we discuss three structures in a school where boys read (and perform) as well as girls. When instruction is guided by inquiry, when teachers model their thinking while reading, and when book choices are honored, all students read more and read better. In this article, we present the voices of several students who share their thinking about these three curricular reforms.
Double protein‐coated poly‐ε‐caprolactone scaffolds: Successful 2D to 3D transfer
Authors: Berneel E. , Desmet T. , Declercq H. , Dubruel P. , Cornelissen M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the past decade, tissue engineering has evolved from a promising technology to an established scientific field. Large attention has focussed on developing scaffolds from both biodegradable and nondegradable polymers to be cultivated with cells, to replace human body defects. The major drawback of most polymers is however their limited cell‐interactive properties. An additional complication when developing a surface modification protocol for those materials is the transferability of protocols from 2D substrates to 3D scaffolds. In the present work, we therefore report on possible biological effects originating from the transfer of a double protein coating protocol, involving gelatin type B and fibronectin, from 2D poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) films to 3D PCL scaffolds produced by rapid prototyping. A variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed a successful and homogeneous protein‐coating on both 2D and 3D substrates. Interestingly, the biological performance of the double protein‐coated PCL substrates, reflected by the initial cell adhesion, proliferation, and colonization was superior compared to the other surface modification steps, independent of the material dimension. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Control of size dispersity of chitosan biopolymer microparticles and nanoparticles to influence vaccine trafficking and cell uptake
Authors: Kobiasi Mohammad Al , Chua Brendon Y. , Tonkin David , Jackson David C. , Mainwaring David E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStructurally related surfactant molecules were exploited to generate chitosan emulsions to provide systematic variation in micelle radii of curvature and size. These compositions provide precise control of chitosan particle dispersity, that is, size distribution according to three quantitative distribution parameters as well as shape distribution. This resulted in a suite of particle size distributions spanning 71 nm to 3.7 μm and a very high degree of particle sphericity, allowing the influence of particle size to be isolated in two in vivo studies relating biopolymer particle size to cellular uptake and trafficking to lymph nodes. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the three cell lines examined preferentially internalized chitosan microparticles to a greater extent than nanoparticles over a 24 h period. In an in vivo mouse model, nanoparticles initially trafficked rapidly to lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation followed by further slower uptake. Microparticles trafficked to the lymph nodes with a similar pattern except that the initial discharge was ∼50‐fold less than that observed with nanoparticles indicating a profound difference in the physiological transport properties of the two particle types. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Insulator–metal transition driven by pressure and B‐site disorder in double perovskite La2CoMnO6
Authors: Lv Shuhui , Liu Xiaojuan , Li Hongping , Han Lin , Wang Zhongchang , Meng Jian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ground state of double perovskite oxide La2CoMnO6 (LCMO) and how it is influenced by external pressure and antisite disorder are investigated systematically by first‐principles calculations. We find, on the consideration of both the electron correlation and spin–orbital coupling effect, that the LCMO takes on insulating nature, yet is transformed to half metallicity once the external pressure is introduced. Such tuning is accompanied by a spin‐state transition of Co2+ from the high‐spin state (te) to low‐spin state (te) because of the enhancement of crystal‐field splitting under pressure. Using mean‐field approximation theory, Curie temperature of LCMO with Co2+ being in low‐spin state is predicted to be higher than that in high‐spin state, which is attributed to the enhanced ferromagnetic double exchange interaction arising from the shrinkage of CoO and MnO bonds as well as to the increase in bond angle of CoOMn under pressure. We also find that antisite disorder in LCMO enables such transition from insulating to half‐metallic state as well, which is associated with the spin‐state transition of antisite Co from high to low state. It is proposed that the substitution of La3+ for the rare‐earth (RE) ions with smaller ionic radii could open up an avenue to induce a spin‐state transition of Co, rendering thereby the RE2CoMnO6 a promising half‐metallic material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized trials and quality assurance in gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Dikken Johan L. , Cats Annemieke , Verheij Marcel , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA D2 lymphadenectomy can be considered standard of surgical care for advanced resectable gastric cancer. Currently, several multimodality strategies are used, including postoperative monochemotherapy in Asia, postoperative chemoradiotherapy in the United States, and perioperative chemotherapy in Europe. As the majority of gastric cancer patients are treated outside the framework of clinical trials, quality assurance programs, including referral to high‐volume centers and clinical auditing are needed to improve gastric cancer care on a nationwide level. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:298–305. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of radiation therapy in the management of adrenal carcinoma and adrenal metastases
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Goodman Karyn A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe use of radiation therapy (RT) to treat adrenal tumors has historically been limited by the risk of normal tissue toxicity, given the proximity of the adrenals to radiosensitive structures, such as the kidney, stomach, intestine, and spinal cord. However, contemporary techniques have made RT safe and effective for use in the management of adrenal carcinoma and adrenal metastases. Data on recent advances in the use of RT to treat adrenocortical carcinoma and adrenal metastases are reviewed, in both surgical and non‐surgical settings. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:647–650. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Selectivity for the Hydrolysis of Block Copoly(2‐oxazoline)s in Ethanol–Water Resulting in Linear Poly(ethylene imine) Copolymers
Authors: van Kuringen Huub P. C. , de la Rosa Victor R. , Fijten Martin W. M. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ability of merging the properties of poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(ethylene imine) is of high interest for various biomedical applications, including gene delivery, biosensors, and switchable surfaces and nanoparticles. In the present research, a methodology for the controlled and selective hydrolysis of (co)poly(2‐oxazoline)s is developed in an ethanol–water solvent mixture, opening the path toward a wide range of block poly(2‐oxazoline‐co‐ethylene imine) (POx‐PEI) copolymers with tunable properties. The unexpected influence of the selected ethanol–water binary solvent mixture on the hydrolysis kinetics and selectivity is highlighted in the pursue of well‐defined POx‐PEI block copolymers.
Functional perfusion imaging using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with low‐flip‐angle segmented 3D spiral readouts
Authors: Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Hernandez‐Garcia Luis 
Published: April 2012

AbstractArterial spin labeling (ASL) provides quantitative and reproducible measurements of regional cerebral blood flow, and is therefore an attractive method for functional MRI. However, most existing ASL functional MRI protocols are based on either two‐dimensional (2D) multislice or 3D spin‐echo and suffer from very low image signal‐to‐noise ratio or through‐plane blurring. 3D ASL with multishot (segmented) readouts can improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency relative to 2D multislice and does not suffer from T2‐blurring. However, segmented readouts require lower imaging flip‐angles and may increase the susceptibility to temporal signal fluctuations (e.g., due to physiology) relative to 2D multislice. In this article, we characterize the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio of a segmented 3D spiral ASL sequence, and investigate the effects of radiofrequency phase cycling scheme and flip‐angle schedule on image properties. We show that radiofrequency‐spoiling is essential in segmented 3D spiral ASL, and that 3D ASL can improve temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio 2‐fold relative to 2D multislice when using a simple polynomial (cubic) flip‐angle schedule. Functional MRI results using the proposed optimized segmented 3D spiral ASL protocol show excellent activation in the visual cortex. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bunt und mit Zähnen durchs IYC
Authors: Sander Manfred 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEin Rückblick auf die Briefmarken im Internationalen Jahr der Chemie zeigt die Vielfalt der Motive und offenbart: Kleinere Länder wie Guinea‐Bissau fürchten weniger, auf Chemie aufmerksam zu machen, als etablierte Chemienationen wie Deutschland.
Tailoring the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene)‐co‐(vinyl acetate)/starch blends via reactive compatibilization
Authors: Ma Piming , Hristova‐Bogaerds Denka G , Schmit Pauline , Goossens Johannes G P , Lemstra Piet J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/starch (PLA/EVA/starch) ternary blends were prepared by multi‐step melt processing (reactive extrusion) in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA), benzoyl peroxide and glycerol. The effects of MA and glycerol concentration on the morphology and properties of the PLA/EVA/starch blends were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, the Molau experiment, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry etc. The plasticization and compatibilization provided a synergistic effect to these blends accompanied by a significant reduction in starch particle size and an increase in interfacial adhesion. Starch was finely dispersed in the ternary blends with a dimension of 0.5 − 2 µm. Furthermore, EVA‐coated starch or a starch‐in‐EVA type of morphology was observed for the reactively compatibilized PLA/EVA/starch blends. The EVA with starch gradually changed into a co‐continuous phase with increasing MA concentration. Consequently, the toughness of the blends was improved. Since property stability of starch is an issue, the tensile properties of these blends were measured after different storage times and the blends showed good property stability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and experimental evaluation of a complete solar thermophotovoltaic system
Authors: Datas Alejandro , Algora Carlos 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe present a practical implementation of a solar thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system. The system presented in this paper comprises a sunlight concentrator system, a cylindrical cup‐shaped absorber/emitter (made of tungsten coated with HfO2), and an hexagonal‐shaped water‐cooled TPV generator comprising 24 germanium TPV cells, which is surrounding the cylindrical absorber/emitter. This paper focuses on the development of shingled TPV cell arrays, the characterization of the sunlight concentrator system, the estimation of the temperature achieved by the cylindrical emitters operated under concentrated sunlight, and the evaluation of the full system performance under real outdoor irradiance conditions. From the system characterization, we have measured short‐circuit current densities up to 0.95 A/cm2, electric power densities of 67 mW/cm2, and a global conversion efficiency of about 0.8%. To our knowledge, this is the first overall solar‐to‐electricity efficiency reported for a complete solar thermophotovoltaic system. The very low efficiency is mainly due to the overheating of the cells (up to 120 °C) and to the high optical concentrator losses, which prevent the achievement of the optimum emitter temperature. The loss analysis shows that by improving both aspects, efficiencies above 5% could be achievable in the very short term and efficiencies above 10% could be achieved with further improvements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A self‐help coping intervention can reduce anxiety and avoidant health behaviours whilst waiting for cancer genetic risk information: results of a phase III randomised trial
Authors: Phelps Ceri , Bennett Paul , Hood Kerenza , Brain Kate , Murray Alexandra 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a self‐help coping intervention in reducing intrusive negative thoughts while waiting for cancer genetic risk information.MethodsBetween August 2007 and November 2008, 1958 new referrals for cancer genetic risk assessment were invited to participate in a randomised trial. The control group received standard information. The intervention group received this information plus a written self‐help coping leaflet. The primary outcome measure was the intrusion subscale of the Impact of Event Scale.ResultsThe intervention significantly reduced intrusive thoughts during the waiting period in those reporting moderate baseline levels of intrusion (p = 0.03). Following risk provision, those in the intervention group reporting low and moderate intrusive worries at baseline reported less intrusive thoughts than those in the control group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). The intervention had no adverse impact in the sample as a whole. Participants in the intervention group with high baseline avoidance and negative affect scores were significantly more likely to remain in the study than those in the control group (p = 0.05 and p = 0.004).ConclusionsFindings that the intervention both reduced distress in those with moderate levels of distress and had no adverse effects following notification of cancer genetic risk suggest that this simple intervention can be implemented across a range of oncology settings involving periods of waiting and uncertainty. The intervention may also reduce the number of individuals dropping out of cancer genetic risk assessment or screening. However, those with clinically high levels of psychological distress are likely to require a more intensive psychological intervention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Metals in Explosives
Authors: Yen Ng Hsiao , Wang Lee Yiew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews several classes of reactive metals that have been considered for energetic applications. These include elemental metals, thermites/intermolecular composites (MIC), metastable alloys, encapsulated metals, and “surface activated” metals. Properties, processing techniques, ignition and combustion characteristics of these materials were reported. Field performance of the reactive metals in explosive formulations were also reported, if available. Finally, some potential reactive metals were identified in this review.
Crystal Morphology Controlling of TATB by High Temperature Anti‐Solvent Recrystallization
Authors: Zhang Haobin , Sun Jie , Kang Bin , Shu Yuanjie , Shu Xiaoyan , Liu Yu , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe spheroidizing of TATB (1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene) can help to control preferred orientation and anisotropic expansion of TATB based PBXs, as well as to improve crystal quality, desensitizing efficiency, packing density, and even explosive energy. In this paper, TATB crystals with different morphology were obtained by high temperature recrystallization from anti‐solvents. TATB was dispersed into DMSO and heated to dissolve. Water as an anti‐solvent was added to the solution with different conrol parameters. We designed additional experiments to study the particular influence of these parameters. It was shown that the crystal morphology is strongly affected by the stirring rate and the amount of water added. The recrystallized TATB samples have similar thermal stability as starting TATB, but higher densities and purities, which indicates that the quality of TATB crystals was improved. By slowly adding an appropriate amount of water and cooling, regular crystals of TATB were obtained, which proves that water is a good morphology modifier for TATB.