bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3,3′‐Dihydroxyisorenieratene prevents UV‐induced formation of reactive oxygen species and the release of protein‐bound zinc ions in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Lutter Kaya , De Spirt Silke , Kock Sebastian , Kröncke Klaus‐Dietrich , Martin Hans‐Dieter , Wagener Tanja , Stahl Wilhelm 
Published: October 2009

Abstract3,3′‐Dihydroxyisorenieratene (DHIR) is a structurally unusual carotenoid exhibiting bifunctional antioxidant properties. It is synthesized by Brevibacterium linens, used in dairy industry for the production of red smear cheeses. The compound protects cellular structures against photo‐oxidative damage and inhibits the UV‐dependent formation of thymidine dimers. Here we show that DHIR prevents a UV‐induced intracellular release of zinc ions from proteins in human dermal fibroblasts. The effect is correlated with a decreased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In contrast, zinc release from cellular proteins induced by hyperthermia is not affected by pretreatment of cells with the antioxidant DHIR. It is suggested that the intracellular zinc release upon UV irradiation is due to oxidative modifications of the zinc ligands in proteins (e.g. cysteine) and that protection by DHIR is due to intracellular scavenging of reactive oxygen species generated in photo‐oxidation.
Malaria. Die wichtigste tropische Infektionskrankheit
Authors: Stich August 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMalaria ist eine der großen Seuchen der Menschheit! Nach Schätzungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation erleiden jedes Jahr 500 bis 600 Millionen Menschen einen Malariaanfall, mehr als eine Million sterben. Die größte Last tragen Kinder im subsaharischen Afrika, wo die Malaria einen entscheidenden Anteil zur hohen Kindersterblichkeit beiträgt. Damit ist die Malaria die wichtigste tropische Infektionskrankheit.
Wirkstoffe gegen Malaria: Was ist in der Pipeline? Wenig Neues im Kampf gegen die Malaria
Authors: Schlitzer Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDer überwiegende Teil der Wirkstoffe in der klinischen Entwicklung entstammt zweier, seit längerem verwendeter Substanzklassen, den 4‐Aminochinolinen und den Endoperoxiden. Nur T3 und Fosmidomycin weisen neue Wirkmechanismen auf. Die Entwicklung geeigneter Wirkstoffe gegen Malaria ist kein leichtes Unterfangen – der Zustrom weiterer Testkandidaten wird spärlich bleiben.
Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung von Leishmaniosen. Antimon und mehr
Authors: Ryczak Jasmin , Kunick Conrad 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInfektionen mit einzelligen Parasiten der Gattung Leishmania verursachen sehr unterschiedliche Krankheitsbilder. Obwohl in den ärmeren Ländern der Subtropen und Tropen mehr als 10 Millionen Menschen an diesen Erkrankungen leiden, wird ihnen in den Industrieländern wenig Aufmerksamkeit entgegengebracht. Die in der Vergangenheit relativ bescheidenen Forschungsaktivitäten zur Suche nach antileishmaniellen Wirkstoffen sind dafür verantwortlich, dass die aktuell verfügbaren Therapieoptionen begrenzt sind.
Die afrikanische Schlafkrankheit. Eine alte Bedrohung kehrt zurück
Authors: Stich August 
Published: October 2009

AbstractÜberraschend spät haben Öffentlichkeit und internationale Fachwelt ein Phänomen zur Kenntnis genommen, das sich bereits seit den 1960er Jahren auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent abzeichnet: die Rückkehr der Schlafkrankheit. Diese uralte Seuche Afrikas wurde in den Zeiten der Herrschaft kolonialer Regime erfolgreich zurückgedrängt. In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat sie jedoch wieder epidemische Dimensionen erreicht und gilt heute bereits in einigen Regionen des Kongo oder Nord‐Angolas als eine der häufigsten Todesursachen junger Erwachsener.
Phosphated crosslinked pectin as a potential excipient for specific drug delivery: preparation and physicochemical characterization
Authors: Souto‐Maior João Fhilype Andrade , Reis Adriano Valim , Pedreiro Liliane Neves , Cavalcanti Osvaldo Albuquerque 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPectin was chemically modified with different amounts of trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in aqueous solution (pH = 12), thereby giving a material with reduced water solubility. The physiochemical characterization of this new material was carried out through Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analyses. Phosphated pectin (Pect‐STMP) together with prebiotic (oligosaccharide) were incorporated into an aqueous dispersion of polymethacrylate (Eudragit® RS 30 D) in order to obtain free films using a casting process (50 °C) on a Teflon plate. The free films were evaluated using water vapour transmission, average swelling index in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid, scanning electron microscopy and a diffusion study with theophylline in buffer solution with and without pectinolytic enzyme. The results suggest that the new material can be used in the coating process for oral solid‐reservoir systems, to prevent the premature release of drugs in SGF (pH = 1.2). Furthermore, the presence of both Pect‐STMP and oligosaccharide favours the specific degradation of the pellicle by the action of the enzymes produced by colonic microflora. The material obtained in this work has the potential to be applied in devices for drug delivery in the colon, making possible modified release of drugs. Nevertheless, subsequent colon‐specific experiments in vivo need to be carried out in order to confirm the possible application of this new material. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteome changes in human bronchoalveolar cells following styrene exposure indicate involvement of oxidative stress in the molecular‐response mechanism
Authors: Mörbt Nora , Mögel Iljana , Kalkhof Stefan , Feltens Ralph , Röder‐Stolinski Carmen , Zheng Jiang , Vogt Carsten , Lehmann Irina , von Bergen Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStyrene is a volatile organic compound that is widely used as an intermediate in many industrial settings. There are known adverse health effects at environmentally significant concentrations, but little is known about the molecular effect of exposure to styrene at sub‐acute toxic concentrations. We exposed human lung epithelial cells, at a wide range of concentrations (1 mg/m3–10 g/m3), to styrene and analyzed the effects on the proteome level by 2‐DE, where 1380 proteins spots were detected and 266 were identified unambiguously by MS. A set of 16 protein spots were found to be significantly altered due to exposure to styrene at environmentally significant concentrations of 1–10 mg/m3 (0.2–2.3 ppm). Among these, superoxide dismutase as well as biliverdin reductase A could be correlated with the molecular pathway of oxidative stress, while eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A‐1, ezrin, lamin B2 and voltage‐dependent anion channel 2 have been reported to be involved in apoptosis. Treatment with styrene also caused the formation of styrene oxide–protein adducts, specifically for thioredoxin reductase 1. These results underline the relevance of oxidative stress as a primary molecular response mechanism of lung epithelial cells to styrene exposure at indoor‐relevant concentrations.
Synthesis and characterization of perfluoro‐3‐methylene‐2,4‐dioxabicyclo[3,3,0] octane: Homo‐ and copolymerization with fluorovinyl monomers
Authors: Mikes Frantisek , Teng Hongxiang , Kostov George , Ameduri Bruno , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of perfluoro‐3‐methylene‐2,4‐dioxabicyclo[3,3,0] octane (D), its radical homopolymerization, and copolymerization with fluoroolefins are presented. Fluorodioxolane (D) was synthesized through direct fluorination of the corresponding hydrocarbon precursor in a fluorinated solvent by F2/N2 gas. It was polymerized in bulk using perfluorodibenzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The resulting homopolymer had a limited solubility in fluorinated solvents, and its glass transition temperature (Tg) was in the range of 180–190 °C. The polymeric films prepared by casting from hot hexafluorobenzene (HFB) solution were transparent with low refractive index (1.329 at 633 nm). These films were thermally stable (Td > 350 °C), and were hard and brittle. The copolymers of monomer (D) were prepared with fluorovinyl monomers such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), perfluoropropyl vinyl ether, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, and vinylidene fluoride. The kinetics of radical copolymerization of monomer (D) with CTFE led to the assessment of the reactivity ratios of both comonomers: rD = 3.635 and rCTFE = 0.737 at 74 °C, respectively. The copolymers obtained were soluble in HFB and perfluoro‐2‐butyltetrahydrofuran, with Tg in the range of 84–145 °C depending on the copolymer composition. The films of the copolymers were flexible and clear with a low refractive index (1.3350–1.3770 at 532 nm). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6571–6578, 2009
Organoboronium amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Cui Chengzhong , Bonder Edward M. , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new class of amphiphilic organometallic block copolymers with cationic organoboron pendant groups was developed. Selective replacement of one of the bromine substitutents on each boryl group of the block copolymer PSBBr2‐b‐PS with an organometallic reagent ArM (ArM = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl copper, 4‐t‐butylphenyltrimethyl tin) followed by treatment with 2,2′‐bipyridine gave the novel block copolymers [3Ar](Br)n as light yellow solid materials that show good stability in air and moisture and high solubility in most organic solvents. Their structure and composition were confirmed by multinuclear NMR, GPC, and elemental analysis. Highly regular micellar aggregates form in block‐selective solvents (e.g., MeOH, toluene) as demonstrated by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6612–6618, 2009
Models for adhesion at weak polymer interfaces
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Lodge Timothy P. , Macosko Christopher W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe weak interfaces between immiscible polymer pairs typically fail through chain scission. The critical facture toughness for such interfaces is closely related to the density of intermolecular entanglements at the interface. From scaling analysis, a simple correlation between facture toughness and chain entanglement was developed. It predicts well the interfacial adhesion for many immiscible polymer pairs found in the literature. For an interface with block copolymer reinforcement, its critical fracture toughness comes from both intermolecular entanglements of homopolymers and copolymer bridges. In the chain scission regime (low copolymer coverage), the block copolymer contribution is found proportional to copolymer interfacial coverage, with the coefficient being the energy to stretch and break a copolymer chain. The chain‐breaking energy for different copolymers was evaluated and compared to literature data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2313–2319, 2009
Poly(L‐lactide) crystallization induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes at very low loading
Authors: Xu Hong‐Sheng , Dai Xiujuan J. , Lamb Peter R. , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites were prepared by the solvent‐ultrasonic‐casting method. Only very low concentrations of MWNTs (<0.08 wt %) were added in the composites. Isothermal and nonisothermal crystalline measurements were carried out on PLLA/MWNT composites to investigate the effect of MWNTs on PLLA crystalline behavior. DSC results showed that the incorporation of MWNTs significantly shortened the crystalline induction time and increased the final crystallinity of the composite, which indicated MWNTs have a strong nucleation effect on PLLA even at very low concentrations. The nonisothermal crystallization measurements showed that the MWNTs greatly speed up crystallization during cooling. From isothermal crystallization results, both PLLA and PLLA/MWNT composites samples closely followed a relationship based on Lauritzen‐Hoffman theory, with the regime II to III transition shifting to lower temperature with increasing MWNT concentration. A double melting peak appeared in both nonisothermal and isothermal measurements. The conditions under which it appeared were found to closely depend on the regime II‐III transition temperature obtained from Lauritzen‐Hoffman theory. From the magnitude and position of melting peaks, it is proposed that the double melting peak is caused by a disorder‐order crystal phase transition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2341–2352, 2009
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering investigation of carbon nanotube‐reinforced polyacrylonitrile fibers during deformation
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Chae Han Gi , Kumar Satish 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStructural changes during deformation in solution‐ and gel‐spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with multi‐ and single‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and vapor‐grown carbon nanofibers were investigated using synchrotron X‐ray scattering. Previously published wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) results showed that CNTs deform under load, alter the response of the PAN matrix to stress, and thus enhance the performance of the composite. In this article, we find that the elongated scattering entities that give rise to the small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in solution‐spun fibers are the diffuse matrix‐void interfaces that follow the Porod's law, and in gel‐spun fibers these are similar to fractals. The observed smaller fraction of voids in the gel‐spun fibers accounts for the significant increase in the strength of this fiber. The degree of orientation of the surfaces of the voids is in complete agreement with those of the crystalline domains observed in WAXS, and increases reversibly upon stretching in the same way as those of the crystalline domains indicating that the voids are integral parts of the polymer matrix and are surrounded by the crystalline domains in the fibrils. The solution‐spun composite fibers have a larger fraction of the smaller (<10 nm) voids than the corresponding control PAN fibers. Furthermore, the size distribution of the voids during elongation changes greatly in the solution spun PAN fiber, but not so in its composites. The scattered intensity, and therefore the volume fraction of the voids, decreases considerably above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer. Implications of these observations on the interactions between the nanotubes and the polymer are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2394–2409, 2009
Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF films derived from the solutions with retainable water and controlled water loss
Authors: Li Xue , Chen Shuting , Yao Kui , Tay Francis Eng Hock 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo obtain β‐phase dominant ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) homopolymer thin films on aluminum‐coated silicon substrates, the retaining and loss of water were manipulated by introducing several hydrated and hygroscopic chemicals in the precursor solutions, including aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, chromium nitrate nonahydrate, tetra‐n‐butylammonium chloride, and one hygroscopic but nonhydrated chemical, ammonium acetate. Their ability of retaining water during the thermal annealing of the films and the relationship between water retaining and the effects on promoting the β phase were investigated. The results showed an ideal scenario was that the added hydrated salts should be able to retain substantial amount of water during the PVDF crystallization to effectively promote the β phase but completely dehydrate or decompose at the further elevated annealing temperature in order to obtain β‐phase dominant PVDF film without substantially incorporating water and deteriorating the electrical properties. As one of the hydrated chemicals well satisfying the above requirements, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, of different amounts was introduced to the PVDF precursor solutions and the optimal resulting β‐phase dominant ferroelectric PVDF thin films exhibited smooth morphology, low dielectric loss, high remnant polarization of 89 mC/m2, and large effective piezoelectric coefficient d33 of −14.5 pm/V (under the clamping of the substrate). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2410–2418, 2009
Experiencing one's body after a diagnosis of cancer—a phenomenological study of young adults
Authors: Snöbohm Christina , Friedrichsen Maria , Heiwe Susanne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractYoung adults with cancer are still in the process of shaping their lives and are therefore at a vulnerable stage. Altered body image may change how patients cope with the disease and impact rehabilitation capacity.Objective: To describe the essence of how young adults with cancer experience their bodies.Methods: Interviews (12 informants), transcribed verbatim. Analysis: Giorgi's phenomenological method.Results: Identified themes: experience of ‘physical body change’, ‘discomfort’, ‘the body at the moment without reflecting on the disease and treatment’, ‘body image’ and ‘grasping the illness’. Essences: The body as the bearer of life; conflict between age and disease; manifest changes in appearance, physically and mentally; the body no longer a whole; the body as influenceable and able to recover and heal.Conclusions: These patients undergo physical and mental changes that affect their self‐image and health‐related life quality. Thus, future studies need to explore interventions that may enhance the individualś perception of their body. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of optimism on anxiety, depression and quality of life in urogenital cancer patients
Authors: Zenger Markus , Brix Christina , Borowski Johannes , Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Hinz Andreas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between optimism and anxiety, depression and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). A further aim was to investigate the predictive value of optimism for anxiety, depression and HRQOL, quantified with and without controlling the corresponding base level.Methods: A total of 427 urogenital cancer patients were asked to complete the Life Orientation Test (LOT), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the health survey SF‐8 during their stay in the hospital (T1), two weeks later (T2) and three months later.Results: Finally, 275 patients (64.4%) completed all questionnaires. Optimism at T1 was significantly associated with anxiety (r=−0.35), depression (r=−0.41) and HRQOL (physical: r=0.29; mental: r=0.27) and can predict outcome variables three months later. After controlling for the base levels of anxiety, depression and HRQOL, the predictive value of optimism remained significant but small. The incrementally variance explained by the LOT varied between 2.1% in anxiety and 8.2% in physical HRQOL.Conclusion: Especially patients with a low level of optimism and a high level of pessimism are at risk for higher levels of anxiety and depression in addition to lowered HRQOL. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: an examination of the factor structure and invariance among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Brunet Jennifer , McDonough Meghan H. , Hadd Valerie , Crocker Peter R. E. , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective: The present study tested the proposed five‐factor structure and invariance of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) in a sample of physically active breast cancer survivors. Methods: A sample of breast cancer survivors (N=470, Mage=57.3, SD=7.8 years) completed the PTGI and a demographic questionnaire. The factor structure, factorial invariance, and latent mean invariance were tested using maximum likelihood structural equation modeling. Results: Preliminary analyses showed acceptable reliability for the PTGI subscales (α<0.83). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the five related factors corresponding to: relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life (χ2(179)=822.53, CFI=0.97, NNFI=0.96, SRMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.09). Multigroup CFA supported the invariance of the PTGI across age groups, treatment type, time since diagnosis, and time since last treatment. Conclusions: These findings provide support for (1) the multidimensional nature and factorial validity of the PTGI, and (2) the use of the PTGI in future research examining posttraumatic growth within samples of physically active breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality‐of‐life and surgical treatments for rectal cancer—a longitudinal analysis using the California Cancer Registry
Authors: Smith‐Gagen Julie , Cress Rosemary D. , Drake Christiana M. , Romano Patrick S. , Yost Kathleen J. , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: Heterogeneous results for research investigating health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in patients undergoing sphincter‐ablating procedures for rectal cancer are likely due to single institution experiences and measurement of HRQL. To address this heterogeneity, we evaluated HRQL in patients with rectal cancer by type of surgery, location of tumor, and receipt of adjuvant therapy using an HRQL instrument that has not been used to address rectal cancer patients in a population‐based sample over time.Methods: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Colorectal instrument was administered at 9 and 19 months after diagnosis to a consecutive sample of 160 patients in Northern California identified by the California Cancer Registry. A broad multidimensional interpretation of HRQL was used to examine the impact of tumor location and treatment status, stage of disease, age, and gender.Results: In general, men had lower social well‐being scores, and younger patients had lower physical and emotional well‐being scores and colorectal concerns scores. We found no differences in HRQL by either tumor location or type of surgery, at either 9 or 19 months after diagnosis. Lower physical well‐being and greater adverse colorectal concerns were reported at 9 months among patients who received adjuvant therapy; however, only adverse colorectal concerns persisted over time.Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence that sphincter‐ablating procedures do not necessarily reduce quality of life in patients with rectal cancer. Distinctive features of this study include a broad multidimensional interpretation of HRQL, the 19 months of longitudinal follow‐up, and a prospective population‐based study design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the Rotational Temperature of OH(A–X) for Discharges in and in Contact with Liquids a Good Diagnostic for Determining the Gas Temperature?
Authors: Bruggeman Peter , Schram Daan C. , Kong Michael G. , Leys Christophe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper the rotational temperature of OH(A–X) and rotational population distribution of OH(A) are investigated for streamer discharges in bubbles and glow discharges with liquid electrodes, both at atmospheric pressure. The influence of the filling gas is investigated in detail and the non‐Boltzmann nature of the rotational population distributions is discussed. It is shown that the rotational population distribution of OH(A) is even at atmospheric pressure an image of the formation process or is at least influenced by it. As a consequence the rotational temperature is in this case not a good estimate of the gas temperature as the rotational population distribution is not an image of a kinetic temperature. In some cases rotational states with small rotational numbers offer a possibility to obtain the gas temperature. The influence of these results on the determination of gas temperatures in the field of liquid plasmas is discussed.magnified image