bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The armchair at the borders: The “messy” ideas of borders and border epistemologies within multicultural science education scholarship
Authors: Carter Lyn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper aims to further articulate multicultural science education scholarship. In particular, it explores the notions of borders and border epistemologies as intellectual resources to think again about the challenges of science education in the global world that demand more sophisticated concepts to unravel some of its complexities. It responds in part to Osborne's (2007) call for more “armchair science education” to “develop better theories about our goals and values” (p. 11). Borders and border spaces reconceptualize and extend the view of borders typically presented within the literature as unproblematic lines between cultures and knowledges that need to be crossed. The constructs of border epistemologies introduce to science education the work of cultural theorists, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Walter Mignolo. Collectively, their scholarship helps to theorize alternative epistemologies from the Global South that argue social and political justice must be premised within epistemological justice. I finish by problematizing some of these ideas for ongoing thinking around multicultural approaches to science education. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed94:428–447, 2010
The new headquarters for the Lombardy Regional Government: a transparent inner court roof structure
Authors: Bassignana Mario , Bertelli Marco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of innovative solutions and research into lightness demands new and more complex design skills. The traditional approach to the solution of structures has been superseded by an iterative approach where all the aspects of every element designed play an important role. For the transparent inner court canopy at the Lombardy Regional Government headquarters, the project is the result of the different aspects of the building: the supporting buildings, the dimensions of the structure, the time of construction and, above all, the use of an ETFE pneumatic membrane roof covering. It is the ETFE roofing in particular that permits the design of lighter supporting frameworks. This article describes the whole building, focusing on the design steps for the transparent canopy in particular (Figs. 1 and 2).
High‐performance steels for pressure vessels
Authors: Gottlieb Joachim , Kern Andreas , Schriever Udo , Steinbeck Gregor 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAs consumption of energy in the world is rising, there is growing interest in the building of pressure vessels as well as apparatus engineering and equipment construction for the storage of gases or technical liquids. For these applications, like boilers, reactors and columns, unalloyed or Nb‐microalloyed steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 460 MPa have been used and produced as heavy plates according to rules and international standards and specifications (i.e. DIN EN 10028, ASTM, ASME).The production and properties of modern steels for welded pressure vessels, which meet the actual requirements very well, are discussed here. In this respect, thanks to specific secondary metallurgy during steelmaking, targeted Nb‐microalloying, innovative rolling strategies and (if necessary) optimized heat treatment conditions, it is possible to produce a fine‐grained microstructure in order to cover the highest material property requirements, in particular toughness and resistance to brittle failure. Multiple certifications of different steel grades according to different specifications for plates made from pressure vessel steels are common practice. Additionally, important aspects regarding the processing behaviour of modern steels for pressure vessels are stress‐relief heat treatment and welding. Here, modern pressure vessel steels meet the highest demands for a practice‐oriented processing of plates.
Optimal Suppression of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity Is Critical for Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Authors: Yoon Byung Sun , Jun Eun Kyoung , Park Gyuman , Jun Yoo Seung , Moon Jai-Hee , Soon Baik Cheong , Kim Aeree , Kim Hyunggee , Kim Jong-Hoon , Young Koh Gou , Taek Lee Hoon , You Seungkwon 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The self-renewal of embryonic stem cells involves a balance between processes governed by crosstalk between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We hypothesized that protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may play a central role in the signaling pathways that regulate human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal. Biochemical analyses revealed that PP2A activity gradually increases over the course of hESC differentiation; PP2A/C and PP2A/A levels also increased. The overexpression of PP2A/C or the addition of PP2A activator C2-ceramide promoted hESC differentiation. Accordingly, the addition of PP2A inactivator okadaic acid (OA) maintained hESC self-renewal in the absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The hESCs maintained with OA expressed pluripotency markers and exhibited substantial telomerase activity with normal karyotypes. The hESCs were able to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the addition of OA and bFGF enabled the maintenance of hESC self-renewal without feeder cells, even in chemically defined xeno-free media. These findings shed a light on the role of PP2A in hESC differentiation and provide a novel strategy for maintaining the self-renewal capability of hESC in bFGF-free, feeder cell-free, and xeno-free media through the optimal suppression of PP2A activity using OA.
Engineering Cell-Permeant FLP Recombinase for Tightly Controlled Inducible and Reversible Overexpression in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Patsch Christoph , Peitz Michael , Otte David M. , Kesseler Daniela , Jungverdorben Johannes , Wunderlich Frank Thomas , Brüstle Oliver , Zimmer Andreas , Edenhofer Frank 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Combined application of DNA recombinases Cre and FLP enables tightly controlled independent and/or sequential gene regulations. However, in practice, such dual recombinase strategies are hampered by the comparably low efficiency of the FLP recombinase. Here, we present the engineering of a recombinant cell-permeant FLP protein (TAT-FLP) that induces recombination in &gt;75% of fibroblasts and mouse as well as human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We show that TAT-FLP ideally complements the strength of cell-permeant Cre recombinase for genetic engineering as exemplified by FLP-ON-Cre-OFF, an inducible transgene expression cassette that enables tightly controlled expression in a reversible manner. We exemplify this concept by conditional overexpression of LacZ and the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2. We expect our FLP transduction system to become widely useful for numerous genetic interventions addressing complex biological questions and the generation of transgene-free therapeutically applicable ES cell-derived cells.
Mapping of serotonin transporters by positron emission tomography with [11c]DASB in conscious common marmosets: Comparison with rhesus monkeys
Authors: Yokoyama Chihiro , Yamanaka Hajime , Onoe Kayo , Kawasaki Akihiro , Nagata Hiroko , Shirakami Keiko , Doi Hisashi , Onoe Hirotaka 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is unique among the primates in its small body size, reproductive efficacy, and characteristic social behavior, making it useful as an animal model in neuroscientific research. To assess the brain serotonergic systems, we investigated the binding of [11C]‐3‐amino‐4‐(2‐dimetylaminomethyl‐phenylsulfanyl)‐benzonitrile ([11C]DASB) to brain serotonin transporter (SERT) in conscious common marmosets using positron emission tomography (PET), and compared with findings for rhesus monkeys. Both species showed globally similar distribution patterns of [11C]DASB uptake in the brain, with highest activity in the midline of the brain and lowest in the cerebellum, and higher activity in some subcortical regions than in surrounding cortex, while the common marmoset brain showed almost equal or rather higher binding potential (BP) values (BPND) in cortical regions and hippocampus, and lower BPND than the rhesus monkey brain in some subcortical regions. Test‐retest reproducibility of BPND at an interval of several months was high, indicating reliable and stable measurements of serotonin transporters in both species. These results suggest that SERT imaging by PET with [11C]DASB under conscious state is valuable for investigating the physiological serotonergic functions in common marmosets (182). Synapse 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal epigenetic modification at the doublecortin gene is involved in the impairment of neurogenesis with aging
Authors: Kuzumaki Naoko , Ikegami Daigo , Tamura Rie , Sasaki Takuya , Niikura Keiichi , Narita Michiko , Miyashita Kazuhiko , Imai Satoshi , Takeshima Hideyuki , Ando Takayuki , Igarashi Katsuhide , Kanno Jun , Ushijima Toshikazu , Suzuki Tsutomu , Narita Minoru 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent research has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms, which exert lasting control over gene expression without altering the genetic code, could mediate stable changes in brain function. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that epigenetic changes play a role in the etiology of aging and its associated brain dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the age‐related changes in the expression of doublecortin, which is a marker for neuronal precursors, along with epigenetic modification in the hippocampus of aged mice. In the present study, the doublecortin‐positive cells were almost completely absent from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of 28‐month‐old mice. Furthermore, the expression level of doublecortin mRNA was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged mice. Under these conditions, a significant decrease in H3K4 trimethylation and a significant increase in H3K27 trimethylation at doublecortin promoters were observed with aging without any changes in the expression of their associated histone methylases and demethylases in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that aging produces a dramatic decrease in the expression of doublecortin along with epigenetic modifications in the hippocampus. Synapse 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of repeated electroconvulsive seizure on cell proliferation in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Ito Masanobu , Seki Tatsunori , Liu Juan , Nakamura Kyoko , Namba Takashi , Matsubara Yoichiro , Suzuki Toshihito , Arai Heii 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known as a successful treatment for severe depression. Despite great efforts, the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of ECT remain largely unclear. In this study, animals received a single, 10, or 20 applications of electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus. We analyzed whether a series of ECSs could induce changes in the dentate gyrus in a dose‐response fashion. A single‐ECS seizure significantly increased cell proliferation in the SGZ by ∼2.3‐fold compared to sham treatment. After 10 ECSs, a significant increase in cell proliferation was observed in the SGZ by ∼2.4‐fold compared to sham treatment. Moreover, 10 ECSs induced a significant increase in cell proliferation by 1.3‐fold compared to a single‐ECS group. However, cell proliferation did not differ between the group with 20 ECSs and sham group. In addition, a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells was found in the group with 10 ECSs, whereas no significant change in it was found in either a single ECS or 20 ECSs group compared to sham treatment. These findings indicate that the optimal number of treatments and duration of stimulation requires investigation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the intracellular mechanisms underlying both effective and excessive ECT. Synapse 64:814–821, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioactive secondary metabolites from symbiotic marine dinoflagellates: symbiodinolide and durinskiols
Authors: Kita Masaki , Ohno Osamu , Han Chunguang , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSymbiotic relationships play critical roles in marine ecosystems. Among symbionts, marine dinoflagellates have attracted the attention of natural products chemists, biologists, and ecologists, since they are rich sources of unique bioactive secondary metabolites. The polyol compound symbiodinolide, which was isolated from the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp., exhibits significant voltage‐dependent N‐type Ca2+ channel‐opening activity and may serve as a defense substance to prevent digestion of the host animals. Durinskiols are also unique long carbon‐chain polyol compounds that were isolated from the dinoflagellate Durinskia sp. We found a selective cleavage reaction of allylic 1,2‐diol using an olefin metathesis catalyst, and developed a fluorescent‐labeling method for MS/MS analysis to achieve the structural elucidation of huge polyol compounds. This review highlights recent advances in structural and biological studies on symbiodinolide, durinskiols, and related polyol compounds. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 57–69; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900007
Linear diversity precoding design criterion for finite block‐fading parallel MIMO channels
Authors: Sykora Jan , Knize Milan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel optimal two stage coding for finite set of parallel flat‐fading MIMO channels with single common information source with specific constant rate requirement is derived. The optimality of suggested coding is achieved in terms of the capacity versus outage performance. The well‐known optimal coding rule relies on Gaussian codewords spanned over the whole available finite set of parallel channels. We prove that the equivalent preprocessing to the ideal interleaving is to re‐code independent parallel channels codewords by a linear inner precoder from a special class of unitary precoders complying with the optimality criterion derived in the paper. Performing such linear mixture of codewords sharing common Gaussian block‐wise codebook, the same capacity versus the outage is guaranteed without any interleaving over parallel channels. We utilize a virtual multiple access (VMA) channel approach to derive the optimality criterion. Selected precoders with various space‐time or time‐only domain span were tested against this criterion and we provide the optimality results on variety of the channel parameters. We showed that the temporal processing is the most important one to achieve the optimality of the precoder. A full space‐time precoding does not perform better than one which is temporal‐only. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady two‐dimensional potential‐flow model for thin variable geometry airfoils
Authors: Gaunaa Mac 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the present work, analytical expressions for distributed and integral unsteady two‐dimensional forces on a variable geometry airfoil undergoing arbitrary motion are derived under the assumption of incompressible, irrotational, inviscid flow. The airfoil is represented by its camber line as in classic thin‐airfoil theory, and the deflection of the airfoil is given by superposition of chord‐wise deflection mode shapes. It is shown from the expressions for the forces that the influence from the shed vorticity in the wake is described by the same time lag for all chord‐wise positions on the airfoil. This time‐lag term can be approximated using an indicial function approach, making the practical calculation of the aerodynamic response numerically very efficient by use of Duhamel superposition. Furthermore, the indicial function expressions for the time‐lag terms are formulated in their equivalent state‐space form, allowing for use of the present theory in problems employing the eigenvalue approach, such as stability analysis.The analytical expressions for the integral forces can be reduced to Munk's steady and Theodorsen's unsteady results for thin airfoils, and numerical evaluation shows excellent agreement with other unsteady two‐dimensional thin‐airfoil results.Apart from the obvious applications within active load control/reduction, the present theory can be used for various applications which up to the formulation of the present theory have been possible only using much more computational costly methods. An example that highlights this feature is the propulsive performance of a soft heaving propulsor presented in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of an Acyl‐Ethynyl‐Methylidyne Complex of Cobalt: Structure of Co3{μ3‐CC(O)C≡C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}(CO)8(PPh3)
Authors: Bruce Michael I. , Zaitseva Natasha N. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe reaction between Ru(C≡CH)(dppe)Cp* and Co3(μ3‐CBr)(CO)9 in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4/CuI afforded dark red Co3{μ3‐CC(O)C≡C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}(CO)8(PPh3), whose formation may involve attack of the Ru‐ethynyl fragment on an intermediate cluster‐bound CCO ligand; abstraction of PPh3 from the palladium catalyst also occurs.
Synthesis, Characterization and Fluorescent Properties of Three One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers Derived from Polypyridyl Ligands
Authors: Heine Johanna , Westemeier Hauke , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree one‐dimensional coordination polymers, [MnCl2(4‐pyterpy)]&&num;8729;2CHCl3 (1), [Mn(NO3)2(4‐pyterpy)]&&num;8729;CHCl3 (2) and [Ag(NO3)(3‐pyterpy)]&&num;8729;H2O (3) (4‐pyterpy = 4′‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and 3‐pyterpy = 4′‐(3‐pyridyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. All three compounds exhibit a rare “head‐to‐tail” coordination of the multidentate ligand, but differ significantly in their polymer chain conformations. Additionally, the fluorescent properties of all three compounds were investigated and show a weak, ligand‐centered fluorescence at 416–418 nm.
The importance of forest patch networks for the conservation of the Thorn‐tailed Rayaditos in central Chile
Authors: Vergara Pablo M. , Hahn Ingo J. , Zeballos Horacio , Armesto Juan J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractConservation of forest birds in fragmented landscapes requires not only determining the critical patch characteristics influencing local population persistence but also identifying patch networks providing connectivity and suitable habitat conditions necessary to ensure regional persistence. In this study, we assessed the importance of patch attributes, patch connectivity, and network components (i.e., groups of interconnected patches) in explaining the occupancy pattern of the Thorn‐tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a forest bird species of central Chile. Using a daily movement threshold distance, we identified a total of 16 network components of sclerophyllous forest within the study area. Among those components, patch area and vegetation structure‐composition were important predictors of patch occupancy. However, the inclusion of patch connectivity and component size (i.e., the area of a network component) into the models greatly increases the models’ accuracy and parsimony. Using the best‐fitted model, a total of 33 patches were predicted to be occupied by rayaditos within the study area, but such occupied patches were distributed in only six network components. These results suggest that persistence of rayaditos in central Chile requires the maintenance of large single patches and patch networks providing habitat and connectivity.
Overview of the physiological changes and optimal diet in the golden age generation over 50
Authors: Gille Doreen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Basically, our lifespan is determined genetically. However, several other parameters such as the environment, lifestyle and diet have a high impact on living in the best of health. Many older persons suffer from various diseases, which often cannot be avoided; however, their development can be postponed and symptoms can be mitigated by a balanced diet, moderate physical activity as well as a healthy lifestyle. These diseases are, for example, sarcopenia (degenerative loss of muscle mass), osteoporosis (decomposition of bone structure), digestive restrictions, sensory impairment, water imbalance or a compromised immune system. Psychological modifications, obesity and loss of weight also commonly occur in older adults. To define an adequate diet for elderly between the ages 50 and 80 is difficult, even impossible, because the nutritional requirements differ between the dynamic quinquagenarian and the frailer eighty-year-old. However, several studies have shown that sufficient consumption of high-quality proteins, calcium, vitamin D, anti-oxidative food compounds, water as well as adapted energy values and nourishment with high-nutrient density in combination with physical activity especially help one to remain healthy to a great age. The cornerstone of healthy ageing is the maintenance of normal bodyweight in order to prevent the development of diseases such as osteoporosis, coronary heart disease or diabetes type 2. This publication will review the physiological changes that occur with advanced age and consequential nutritional recommendations for elderly persons.
Brief report: The number of sexual partners and race‐related stress in African American adolescents: Preliminary findings
Authors: Stevens‐Watkins Danelle , Brown‐Wright Lynda , Tyler Kenneth 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the association between the number of lifetime sexual partners and race‐related stress among African American 201 high school juniors and seniors at two urban high schools in the Southeastern region of the country. Students completed the Index of Race‐Related Stress‐Brief (IRRS‐B) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). African American male adolescents reported higher race‐related stress and a higher number of sexual partners compared to African American females. Controlling for gender and age of first intercourse, race‐related stress significantly predicted the number of sexual partners for African American adolescents. Preliminary findings indicate that the role of race‐related stress may prove critical in decreasing risky sexual behavior among African American adolescents.
Acoustic recordings in human ear canals to sounds at different locations
Authors: Kuwada Clinton A. , Bishop Brian , Kuwada Shigeyuki , Kim Duck O. 
Published: March 2010

The head and pinna shape the sound reaching the tympanum. We explored this signal transformation in humans and a mini basketball for different sound locations in an anechoic chamber. For humans, we embedded microphones in ear molds that were custom fitted to the subject's ear canal. For the ball, the microphones were flush with the surface at ± 90 degrees azimuths on the equator. Sounds were generated with a custom point source. In the ball, the signal level was nearly flat across frequency, with no gains. In contrast, in the ears, signal level changed in a complex way across frequency, with considerable gains. For frequencies < 2 kHz, the interaural level difference (ILD) increased with decreasing distance similarly in the human ears and ball. For frequencies > 4 kHz, ILDs in the human ears were larger and more complex than those in the ball such that the human ILDs were nonmonotonic with distance whereas the ball ILDs were monotonic with distance.