bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiving and positioning effects on preterm infant states over 24 hours in a neonatal unit in Taiwan
Authors: Liaw Jen‐Jiuan , Yang Luke , Lo Chyi , Yuh Yeong‐Seng , Fan Hueng‐Chuen , Chang Yue‐Cune , Chao Shih‐Ching 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this prospective, descriptive study, we used a repeated‐measures design to explore the 24‐hour effects of caregiving and positioning on preterm infants' states and the factors associated with state changes. Thirty preterm infants (gestational age 27.6–36.1 weeks) were observed for 3 days in the neonatal intensive care unit to record six states: quiet sleep (QS), active sleep, transition, active awake, quiet awake, and fussy or crying. The occurrences of QS increased when infants received no caregiving, social interaction, non‐nutritive sucking (NNS), and were laterally positioned. However, QS significantly decreased and fussy or crying state increased when infants received routine and intrusive caregiving. These results suggest that caregiving, NNS, and positioning should be appropriately provided to facilitate infants' sleep, and reduce fussiness or crying. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:132–145, 2012
Organic transistors and phototransistors based on small molecules
Authors: Lucas Bruno , Trigaud Thierry , Videlot‐Ackermann Christine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSignificant advances have been made recently in the area of organic electronics and optoelectronics based on small molecules as a result of the synthesis of new soluble and air‐stable molecules. First reported 20 years ago, organic transistors quickly became a focus of intense research and development in academic and industrial laboratories. The great progress achieved thus far offers an opportunity for the production of new small electro‐active molecules and the implementation of low‐cost device fabrication technologies. This review focuses on recently synthesized p‐ or n‐type organic semiconductors, particularly those suitable for fabrication of solution‐processed and/or air‐stable field effect transistors with an emphasis on low‐cost wet processes. The numerous recent efforts realized in optoelectronics, particularly on phototransistors based on small molecules, offer various opportunities in applications for such organic compounds. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Endobronchial echinococcosis presenting as non‐resolving pneumonia
Authors: Lev‐Tzion Raffi , Goldbart Aviv D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHydatid disease of the lungs is caused by larval cysts of the Echinococcus tapeworm. Pulmonary cysts may occasionally invade bronchi or pleura as a result of coughing, trauma, or elevated intra‐abdominal pressure. We present the case of a patient evaluated for non‐resolving pneumonia whose radiographic and bronchoscopic findings were strikingly similar to those seen in pulmonary tuberculosis with endobronchial invasion; he was ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary echinococcosis. This case underscores the importance of considering unusual diagnoses even when typical features of more common conditions are present. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:716–718. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of reflux burden on Pseudomonas positivity in children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Palm Kara , Sawicki Gregory , Rosen Rachel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesNonacid gastroesophageal reflux (GER), particularly in patients taking acid suppression, has been implicated as a cause of respiratory infections. We hypothesize that children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and a higher nonacid reflux burden have greater rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection than patients with a lower reflux burden.Study DesignWe reviewed the multichannel intraluminal impedance (pH‐MII) tracings of 35 patients with CF between 2003 and 2010. We compared the reflux profiles between those patients who were Pa positive and Pa negative.ResultsThe mean age was 13.5 ± 5.8 years. Twenty‐seven patients (76%) were Pa positive. Ninety seven percent of patients were taking proton pump inhibitors during pH‐MII testing. The mean percentage of time pH was <4 was 8.5 ± 12%. Pa patients had a significantly higher total, acid and proximal nonacid reflux burden (P < 0.009). There was a negative correlation between nonacid reflux burden and FEV1 (r = −0.397, P = 0.03) and between total number of reflux events and FEV1 (r = −0.474, P = 0.009). After adjusting for age and FEV1, total reflux burden remains significantly associated with Pa positivity (P = 0.055).ConclusionsIncreased reflux burden may predispose patients to Pa infection and worse lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:582–587. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual pulmonary findings in mucolipidosis II
Authors: Ishak Marleine , Zambrano Eduardo V. , Bazzy‐Asaad Alia , Esquibies Americo E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report undescribed pulmonary findings in a child with mucolipidosis II (ML‐II). Children with ML‐II bear significant pulmonary morbidity that may include extensive pulmonary fibrosis, persistent hemosiderosis as well as pulmonary airway excrescences as they reach preschool age. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:719–721. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microcurrent Therapy in the Management of Chronic Tennis Elbow: Pilot Studies to Optimize Parameters
Authors: Poltawski Leon , Johnson Mark , Watson Tim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn microcurrent therapy (MCT), low‐intensity electric current is applied to promote tissue healing and relieve symptoms. MCT is used with recalcitrant skin and bone lesions, but little is known about its effects on tendinopathy, and optimal treatment parameters are uncertain. Two studies were conducted to ascertain whether varying (i) current intensity and (ii) waveform and treatment duration affect outcomes of MCT for chronic tennis elbow.MethodsTwo trials compared the effects of different MCT parameters on pain and function, grip strength, and sonographically graded tendon structure and hyperaemia. Trial 1 compared monophasic MCT of intensity 50 and 500 μA applied for 35 h; trial 2 compared devices delivering approximately 25 μA but with different waveforms and durations of 15 and 189 h, respectively. Treatment was applied over 3 weeks. Assessments were at baseline and 3, 6 and 15 weeks.ResultsFor each trial, n = 31. In trial 1, 50 μA was more effective than 500 μA, with 93% of participants ‘much better’ or ‘fully recovered’ at 15 weeks, compared with 47% in the 500 μA group. Tendon structural normalization was superior at 50 μA, but no significant differences were found in other outcomes. In trial 2, success rates for the two groups at 15 weeks were 75% and 73%, respectively, but group improvements did not differ significantly on any measure. Pooled analysis of data from both trials showed that, immediately following treatment, blood flow had fallen in the subgroup with high baseline scores and risen in the subgroup with low scores. Low baseline score correlated significantly with treatment success.ConclusionMonophasic MCT of peak current intensity 50 μA applied for tens of hours may be effective in reducing symptoms and promoting tendon normalization in chronic tennis elbow. Hyperaemia may help predict treatment outcome. A full‐scale trial of the therapy is warranted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The DNLZ/HEP zinc‐binding subdomain is critical for regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone HSPA9
Authors: Vu Michael T. , Zhai Peng , Lee Juhye , Guerra Cecilia , Liu Shirley , Gustin Michael C. , Silberg Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHuman mitochondrial DNLZ/HEP regulates the catalytic activity and solubility of the mitochondrial hsp70 chaperone HSPA9. Here, we investigate the role that the DNLZ zinc‐binding and C‐terminal subdomains play in regulating HSPA9. We show that truncations lacking portions of the zinc‐binding subdomain (ZBS) do not affect the solubility of HSPA9 or its ATPase domain, whereas those containing the ZBS and at least 10 residues following this subdomain enhance chaperone solubility. Binding measurements further show that DNLZ requires its ZBS to form a stable complex with the HSPA9 ATPase domain, and ATP hydrolysis measurements reveal that the ZBS is critical for full stimulation of HSPA9 catalytic activity. We also examined if DNLZ is active in vivo. We found that DNLZ partially complements the growth of Δzim17
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and we discovered that a Zim17 truncation lacking a majority of the C‐terminal subdomain strongly complements growth like full‐length Zim17. These findings provide direct evidence that human DNLZ is a functional ortholog of Zim17. In addition, they implicate the pair of antiparallel β‐strands that coordinate zinc in Zim17/DNLZ‐type proteins as critical for binding and regulating hsp70 chaperones.
Cell‐free synthesis of membrane subunits of ATP synthase in phospholipid bicelles: NMR shows subunit a fold similar to the protein in the cell membrane
Authors: Uhlemann Eva‐Maria E. , Pierson Hannah E. , Fillingame Robert H. , Dmitriev Oleg Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNMR structure determination of large membrane proteins is hampered by broad spectral lines, overlap, and ambiguity of signal assignment. Chemical shift and NOE assignment can be facilitated by amino acid selective isotope labeling in cell‐free protein synthesis system. However, many biological detergents are incompatible with the cell‐free synthesis, and membrane proteins often have to be synthesized in an insoluble form. We report cell‐free synthesis of subunits a and c of the proton channel of Escherichia coli ATP synthase in a soluble form in a mixture of phosphatidylcholine derivatives. In comparison, subunit a was purified from the cell‐free system and from the bacterial cell membranes. NMR spectra of both preparations were similar, indicating that our procedure for cell‐free synthesis produces protein structurally similar to that prepared from the cell membranes.
Biochemical relapse following radical prostatectomy and miR‐200a levels in prostate cancer
Authors: Barron Niall , Keenan Joanne , Gammell Patrick , Martinez Vanesa G. , Freeman Alex , Masters John R. , Clynes Martin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadical prostatectomy cures the majority of men with clinically localized disease, but up to 30% of men relapse with rising serum PSA levels. Stage, Gleason grade, and pre‐operative PSA levels are associated with outcome but do not accurately predict which individuals will relapse. MicroRNA (miRNA) levels are altered in cancer and are associated with progression of disease. The miR‐200 family has roles in prostate cancer.METHODSmiR‐200a levels were measured in 18 radical prostatectomy samples from men who did not relapse and from 18 who did relapse, matched for stage (all T3), grade, and PSA levels. A pair of cancer and normal prostate cell lines derived from the same radical prostatectomy specimen were transfected with miR‐200a to determine the effects on growth, wound healing, and invasion.RESULTSComparing the matched samples, 11 of the relapsers contained lower, 2 higher and 5 similar levels to the non‐relapsers. Transient transfection of miR‐200a significantly reduced cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines but did not affect invasiveness.CONCLUSIONmiR‐200a overexpression reduced prostate cancer cell growth and may have potential, in combination with other markers, in stratifying prostate cancer patients for more intensive monitoring and therapy. Prostate 72:1193–1199, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High threshold voltage normally‐off GaN MISFETs using self‐alignment technique
Authors: Taguchi Shinya , Hasegawa Kazuya , Nomoto Kazuki , Nakamura Tohru 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate high threshold voltage GaN MISFETs made by utilizing self‐alignment process using ion implantation and precisely controlled silicidation gate technologies. The self‐aligned structures enable us to reduce source and drain parasitic resistance, which expect to improve in device characteristics. To form shallow source and drain junctions which suppress the short channel effects, we selected the very low implantation energy of 30keV. We propose self‐aligned GaN MISFETs with Idss of 30 mA/mm, gmmax of 3 mS/mm and threshold voltage of +3.4 V. The high threshold voltage shows the potential and advantages of GaN MISFETs for high voltage operations. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOVPE growth of InGaAsN films on Ge(001) on‐axis and vicinal substrates
Authors: Uesugi K. , Kikuchi T. , Kuboya S. , Sanorpim S. , Onabe K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe InGaAsN films were grown on Ge(001) on‐axis and vicinal substrates by MOVPE varying the N concentration. Their surface morphologies and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated comparatively. The AFM images show submicron‐sized anti‐phase domains (APDs) for the growth on the on‐axis substrates, while the single‐phase domains with improved surface flatness are observed on the vicinal substrates. Lattice‐matched InGaAsN film with In = 12.5% and N = 4.2% gives the 1.0 eV PL peak energy as is aimed at. The PL property shows basically no change on the vicinal substrates from the on‐axis ones despite the extinction of the APDs. The temperature dependence of the PL peak energy shows the characteristic S‐shape behavior, indicating the potential fluctuations due to the non‐uniformity of N incorporation. The magnitude of the potential fluctuations estimated from the differences between the observed PL peak energies and the Varshni fitting curves suggests that the vicinal substrates may somehow degrade the compositional uniformity. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of annealing on ALD Al2O3 gate dielectric for GaN MOS devices
Authors: Marron Thomas , Takashima Shinya , Li Zhongda , Chow T. Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA comparative study of the electrical and interface characteristics for on GaN MOS capacitors with as‐deposited and post‐annealed Al2O3 gate dielectric, deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD), has been performed to gain insight into the effects of annealing on the MOS interface properties. Comparison is also made to an annealed 65nm PECVD SiO2 gate dielectric. We have performed C‐V and conductance spectroscopy measurements, demonstrating annealing provides a significant reduction in deep interface traps accompanied by a slight increase in shallow traps. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of neutron conversion layers for GaN‐based scintillators
Authors: Melton Andrew G. , Burgett Eric , Xu Tianming , Hertel Nolan , Ferguson Ian T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work neutron‐sensitive scintillators based on GaN have been produced by MOCVD. The scintillators consist of GaNepilayers grown on 2 inch double side polished sapphire wafers, with neutron conversion layers on top. Two conversion materials were investigated: enriched LiF and Gd. Undoped and silicon‐doped epilayers were examined for their scintillation properties. All of the scintillators showed neutron response when exposed to a thermalized AmBesource, however the LiF produced a peak which is more easily discriminated from the gamma response of the photomultiplier tube. Photoluminescence was used to examine the spectral content of the scintillation light, as well as to study self‐absorption of the near‐bandedge emission in GaN. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Artificial intelligence
Authors: Tecuci Gheorghe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is the Science and Engineering domain concerned with the theory and practice of developing systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior. Starting with a brief history of artificial intelligence, this article presents a general overview of this broad interdisciplinary field, organized around the main modules of the notional architecture of an intelligent agent (knowledge representation; problem solving and planning; knowledge acquisition and learning; natural language, speech, and vision; action processing and robotics) which highlights both the main areas of artificial intelligence research, development and application, and also their integration. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:168–180. doi: 10.1002/wics.200This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Serious games in prevention and rehabilitation—a new panacea for elderly people?
Authors: Wiemeyer Josef , Kliem Annika 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Digital games cannot only be used for fun and entertainment. The term “serious games” (SG) denotes digital games serving serious purposes like education, training, advertising, research and health. Recently, a new generation of games has emerged involving whole-body movements. Compared to traditional interventions, these games may help elderly people to improve their health by enhancing physical fitness and coordinative abilities by combining increased motivation, game experience like fun and game flow and training. Serious games, particularly adventure and shooter games, already play an important role in health education, prevention and rehabilitation, e.g. to enhance health-related physical activity, improve sensory–motor coordination, prevent asthma, change nutrition behaviour and alleviate diabetes and prevent smoking or HIV. In this paper, the impact of SG on prevention and rehabilitation is discussed. Three criteria are applied. Beyond effectivity and efficiency, the additional benefits of serious games can be described and explained by different models including social, psychological, physiological and sensory–motor factors. The quality of study serves as a third criterion. Despite first promising results, there are only few high-quality studies. Adequate content, game interfaces, sustainability and appropriate settings are critical factors for the success of SG. In this regard, (sport) science can help to develop and evaluate SG and test appropriate settings that ensure sustainable use of serious games.
Descriptive analysis of a bilingual and cross-cultural introductory ultrasound course facilitated by simultaneous translation
Authors: Maignan Maxime , Shuai Xuejun , Galinski Michel , Cheng Shujuan , Zhang Tao , Petrovic Tomislav , Lapandry Claude , Lapostolle Frederic 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Study objective
The increasing use of focused ultrasonography by non-specialists emphasizes the need for standardized trainings. We analyze physicians’ skill acquisition after the implementation of an ultrasound introductory course. As part of an international educational collaboration, we also investigate the impact on training efficiency of language and cultural differences.

Methods
We organized a 2-day training for emergency physicians. Lectures were given in French with simultaneous Chinese translation. At the end of the training, physicians were asked to conduct, on healthy live models, a complete ultrasound examination including 11 images and two procedures (cardiac, abdominal, vascular and bone ultrasonography). Quality was assessed by two independent observers and a 60-s time limit per view/procedure was set. Ultrasound examination was successful only if both quality and length objectives were achieved.

Results
Seventeen attending emergency physicians participated in the study. None withdrew from the training. The overall success rate of image and procedure acquisition was 97.3% (364 out of 374). Six physicians had failed cases and mainly on cardiac examination (eight failures out of ten). Failure rate for the complete sequence (1 or more failure out of the 11 images/procedure) was 24% (8/34). Median time to capture a single image was 13 s (5–24), while the whole examination took 182 s (141–238) excluding time for probe change.

Conclusion
A 2-day introductory course on focused ultrasonography leads to very good skill acquisition. Language and cultural differences do not seem to alter training efficiency.
Germ Cell Tumors of Undescended vs. Descended Testes: Population-Based Clinical and Outcomes Data
Authors: Gullett Norleena P. , Masterson Timothy A. , Johnstone Peter A.S. 
Published: December 2011

Objective: Testicular cancer has been associated with undescended testes (UDT) for decades, with a relative risk of testicular cancer in cryptorchidism at 2.75–8. Tumors of UDT are infrequently encountered in clinical practice and no population-based prior analysis has described clinical patterns of care in their case. Methods: Information on malignant testicular lesions was retrieved from the population-based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data for the period 1983–2005. Site codes C62.0 (UDT) were compared with C62.1 (descended testis; DT), using appropriate surgical codes for the era reported. Analysis was made of the seminomatous histology codes (ICD-03 9061–9063) vs. the nonseminomatous germ cell tumor codes (ICD-03 9065–9085). Further analysis was stratified by presenting extent of disease (local, regional, or distant). Results: 462 cases of tumors of UDT were documented; 416 (90%) were germ cell tumors (GCT). In this timeframe, 7414 cases of DT GCT were described. UDT lesions were more frequently seminoma (74.7% vs. 60.8%; p< 0.0001), and diagnosed at a more advanced stage than DT lesions ( x2 = 18, p = 0.0001). Similar frequency of RT was noted for localized seminoma, whether UDT or DT, after RadOrch ( p = 0.13), and was rarely delivered for NSGCT. 5-yr observed (5YOS) and relative survival (5YRS) of seminomas did not differ between the DT and UDT cohorts, or between the DT and UDT NSGCT cohorts. Conclusions: Our results support recent literature revealing seminomas are more frequent in cryptorchid testes. RT was equally used between localized UDT and DT seminomas. Penetrance of RadOrch is similar in local and regional disease by histology. Survival is equivalent for UDT compared to DT lesions in both seminomatous and NSGCT histologies.
Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Typical Radiographic Procedures
Authors: Tonkopi Elena , Daniels Cupido , Gale Mary J. , Schofield Stephanie C. , Sorhaindo Vicki A. , VanLarkin Jeanne L. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for typical radiographic examinations in a fully digital imaging institution. Methods The initial survey included 6 standard radiographic projections performed in 19 computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) rooms. Because of the expected difference in the performance, the local reference levels were analysed separately for those 2 modalities. Data of 226 average size adult patients were included in the analysis. Entrance surface dose (ESD) was calculated from the recorded radiographic techniques and tube radiation output measurements. After observing wide variations in the results of the patient survey, the examinations were repeated by using anthropomorphic phantoms. Initial efforts to understand the reasons for dose variations were focused on CR chest, abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine examinations. Results The average size patient doses for similar examinations were lower in the DR rooms than in the CR rooms by factors that ranged from 1.2 to 3, with the exception of the chest examination. Standardization of the CR exposure index value allowed us to decrease ESD by 21%-30%. Detector sensitivity had an insignificant effect (2%) on ESD; proper collimation lowered the dose by 17%. However, the major effect, up to 46% difference, was found because of antiscatter grids cutoff. Conclusion Modality specific local diagnostic reference levels for standard examinations have been established in a large digital imaging department with hybrid modalities. Typically the local reference values were lower than those recommended in Safety Code 35, except for CR chests. Factors that affect the dose variations have been investigated and determined.