bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Response to the Constitutional Court’s Decision on Indonesia’s 2024 Elections
Authors: Permana Indra Surya , Fardhoni Fardhoni , Juliane Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This research investigates the sentiment analysis of public reactions on Twitter to the Constitutional Court’s decision regarding the 2024 Indonesian election. The study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of Naive Bayes and Gradient Boosted Machines (GBM) in categorizing Twitter sentiments into positive, negative, or neutral. Utilizing TF-IDF vectorization to process the data, our analysis aimed to discern which model more accurately captures the nuances of public sentiment. The results indicate that while Naive Bayes shows high precision and recall in detecting positive sentiments, it performs less effectively for negative and neutral sentiments. In contrast, GBM offers a more uniform performance across all sentiment categories, with particularly strong detection capabilities for neutral sentiments. This comparative analysis underscores the strengths and limitations of each model, providing valuable insights for selecting appropriate sentiment analysis tools depending on the specific nature of the sentiment being analyzed. This study contributes to the strategic application of sentiment analysis models in monitoring and interpreting public opinions in politically significant contexts.
Comprehensive Characterization of Cs 2 NaBiX 6 (X=Iodide and Bromide) Double Perovskites: Opto-Electro-Mechanical Attributes, Stability, Moisture and Strain Effects
Authors: Babaei Maryam , Saadatmand Seyedeh Bita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this comprehensive study, we investigate the properties of Cs2NaBiX6 (X = I and Br) lead-free double perovskites using density functional theory (DFT). This is the first in-depth DFT-based analysis that delves into the substantial characteristics of these materials, addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. Our analysis focuses on the optical and electronic properties of these materials. Additionally, we examine the impact of strain (tensile and compressive) on their characteristics. The results reveal that Cs2NaBiBr6 emerges as the most thermodynamically and moisture-stable variant, as corroborated by the narrower energy fluctuation range, indicating superior thermal stability. Furthermore, the DFT analysis suggests that the mechanical moduli increase as the halide changes from iodide to bromide. These findings highlight the promising potential of Cs2NaBiX6 (X = I and Br) double perovskites for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Modulation instability of whistler wave with electron loss cone distribution in magnetized plasma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Ge Bin-Wen , Li Jing-Yun , Zhu Zhi-Lin , Zhou Kang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The modulation instability of whistler mode waves caused by thermal electron anisotropy is studied. Based on MHD equations, the nonlinear schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLSE) that describes the nonlinear modulation of whistler waves is derived by Using the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method. The condition for wave modulation instability is obtained from the loss cone distribution function of thermal electron anisotropy, revealing that the nonlinear growth of the waves tends towards electron perpendicular temperature anisotropy. By setting up continuous background waves and introducing small ion low frequency perturbations, we find that the change in the amplitude of the modulated wave is related with wave number. This finding has been validated through simulations that align with our analytical results. Additionally, we also calculate the maximum amplitude of the wave with loss cone angle and times, which revealed that the electron vertical temperature anisotropy will lead to the modulation instability of the whistler wave. This further confirms the occurrence of the modulation instability of the whistler wave in laboratory plasmas and strengthens their credibility.
Professionals’ perspectives on trusted persons in French nursing homes
Authors: Faye-Ropaul Maïva , Khalil Carine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
France faces a growing challenge with an aging population and the rise of neurodegenerative disorders. To address this, French health law allows patients to appoint a trusted person ("personne de confiance") who can communicate their medical preferences if they become incapacitated. Introduced by the Kouchner Law in 2002, this reflects a shift from a paternalistic to an autonomist model of care, emphasizing patient autonomy. Despite the importance of trusted persons in conveying patient wishes, especially in nursing homes, research in this area remains limited, with most studies focusing on hospital settings rather than nursing homes.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 healthcare professionals working in or with nursing homes from February 2021 to September 2022, lasting 26–80 minutes, following grounded theory methodology. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Professionals in French nursing homes strive to balance patient-oriented, family-oriented, and self-oriented needs when interacting with trusted persons. They prioritize patient care, address family concerns, and ensure their own psychological safety and administrative efficiency, while minimizing litigation risks. However, heterogeneous practices exist in informing families about the trusted person system, leading to awareness gaps and potential conflicts. The evolving work environment in French nursing homes, marked by aging residents and complex legal regulations, exacerbates these challenges. Family conflicts, burdens experienced during the end-of-life phase, and taboos surrounding end-of-life discussions impede collaborative efforts, emphasizing the need for education and improved communication strategies to ensure the effective implementation of trusted person roles.
Conclusion
Early education is necessary for trusted persons’ effective involvement, as patients’ cognitive impairments and end-of-life anxieties hinder trusted persons’ ability to engage effectively. Involving psychologists or GPs beforehand helps address psychological challenges, facilitating informed discussions before admission.
WITHDRAWN: Characterization of X-ray beam for Half and Quarter Value Layers
Authors: SOLOMON GIRMA BINIYAM , Diyor KHAZRATOV , Kuvondik KODIROV , Federico DOGO 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this work is to assess the penetrating ability of an X-ray beam through a specific material, in conditions of narrow-beam geometry.
Materials and Methods: During the experiment, samples were switched with the X-ray tube turned off, and the primary intensity of the unshielded X-ray beam (fixed 2.5mm shielding) was measured. Parameters were kept constant throughout, and the electrometer was used to stabilize the readings. Subsequent measurements aimed to determine the Half-Value Layer (HVL) and Quarter-Value Layer (QVL) by interpolating various sample slices to achieve intensity values of I/2 and I/4, respectively. The data were used to plot and analyze HVL and QVL graphs, providing insights into the attenuation properties of the X-ray beam through different materials.
Findings of the result: The primary findings indicated that the initial unshielded X-ray beam intensity, with parameters set to 37.5 kV and 40 mA, provided a stable baseline measurement. The results showed a consistent decrease in intensity with increased sample thickness, confirming the exponential attenuation of X-rays. The HVL was determined by identifying the sample thickness that reduced the initial intensity by half, and the QVL by the thickness reducing it to one-fourth. The experimental data closely followed theoretical predictions, with HVL and QVL values providing a quantitative measure of the material's attenuation properties.
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Conclusion: Graphical analysis of the results demonstrated clear linear relationships on a semi-logarithmic scale, validating the accuracy of the measurement process and the reliability of the electrometer readings. These findings contribute to a better understanding of X-ray attenuation in different materials, which is crucial for various applications in medical physics and radiography.
Fostering and Measuring Creativity in Secondary School Science Education: Literature Review
Authors: Melka Hailu bedada 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Abstract
The present era demands creative citizens who can solve personal as well as social problems in everyday life activities. This urges schools to prepare students at any grade level to alleviate these and other uncertain future problems using creative thinking. This paper discusses/reviews empirical studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 aimed at identifying methods of fostering creativity and its measuring instruments among secondary school students in the sciences. Four educational research databases: Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Academic Search Ultimate, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to search thoroughly available literature. A comprehensive search yielded 405 pieces of literature, from which 38 quantitative studies were selected for critical analysis. The findings indicated that various teaching methods and learning activities such as project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, questioning, brainstorming, cooperative learning, listen–think–pair–share, and flex-based learning; along with adequately available instructional resources, teachers’ supportive behavior, and assessment for creativity, foster students’ creative abilities. Commonly used creativity measuring instruments are creativity tests, scientific creativity tests, chemistry creativity tests, assessment rubrics, cognitive processes associated with creativity (CPAC), the Big Five Scale (BFI), product assessments, essay writing, and performance appraisals.
W. WINDHAM AND THE CONTROVERSY IN THE WHIG PARTY AROUND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1792-1793 YEARS)
Authors: Ковалёв М.А. 
Published: June 2024

В ходе партийной полемики вокруг Французской революции к 1793 г. в Англии сформировалась «третья партия» между оппозиционными вигами и возглавлявшими правительство тори. «Третья партия» представлена вигами, сторонниками Э. Бёрка (Уильям Уиндхэм, Уильям Эллиот, Филип Лоуренс, герцог Портленд и другие), и занимала воинствующие позиции по отношению к Франции. Мы рассмотрели взгляды лидера данной фракции – У. Уиндхэма и пришли к выводу, что он лишь избирательно использовал идеи своего учителя Э. Бёрка. Уиндхэм не стремился обратиться к политэкономическим рассуждениям мыслителя, к его юридической аргументации и тонкому анализу политической ситуации. Напротив, политик сделал ставку на привлечение популярных идей о международном якобинском заговоре против христианства, обратился к образам врага и призвал консолидировать силы вокруг правительства. Тем самым, основоположник идеологии консерватизма оказывался в политическом одиночестве, тогда как британская политика в отношении Франции в тот период двигалась совершенно иными мотивами. Нами также была проанализирована эволюция взглядов Уиндхэма, его сближение с Бёрком, а затем и расхождение с ним.
During the party controversy around the French Revolution, by 1793 year, a “third party” had formed in England between the opposition Whigs and the Tories leading the government. The “third party” is represented by Whigs, supporters of E. Burke (William Wyndham, William Elliot, Philip Lawrence, Duke of Portland and others), and took militant positions towards France. We examined the views of the leader of this faction, W. Windham, and came to the conclusion that he selectively used the ideas of his mentor E. Burke. Windham did not seek to address the thinker's political economic reasoning, his legal argumentation and subtle analysis of the political situation. On the contrary, the politician relied on attracting popular ideas about an international Jacobin conspiracy against Christianity, turned to images of the enemy and called for consolidating forces around the government. Thus, the founder of the ideology of conservatism found himself in political loneliness, while British policy towards France at that time was driven by completely different motives. We also analyzed the evolution of Windham's views, his rapprochement with Burke, and then divergence from him.
“WEALTH IS NO LASTING COMPANION TO NOBILITY”: ON THE ISSUE OF THE STATUS OF THE IRISH GENTRY IN THE 18TH CENTURY.
Authors: Лагошина Н.А. 
Published: June 2024

В статье анализируется статус католических джентри в Ирландии XVIII века, выявляется их роль в обществе и способы адаптации к новым политическим реалиям. Несмотря на то, что потомки гэльской аристократии были низведены до положения посредников и крупных фермеров, они играли важную роль в качестве лидеров политической и народной культуры в западных графствах. Католические джентри сформировали новую систему аренды, позволяющую контролировать поместья, утраченные в результате введения Карательных законов и конфискации Кромвеля. Выступая в качестве посредников между английскими лендлордами и крестьянскими арендаторами, они обеспечивали эффективное управление землями в Ирландии. Автор выделяет основные черты мировоззрения ирландских джентри, среди которых – неустанное следование традициям, вовлеченность в народную культуру, память о благородном происхождении, пронизывающая все общество, и покровительство. В заключении утверждается, что в начале XIXв. ирландские джентри-посредники, являющиеся носителями элитарной и народной культуры, сформировали слой крупных католических фермеров, более консервативное дворянство, которое процветало и пользовалось прочным положением в обществе.
The article analyzes the status of the Catholic gentry in Ireland in the 18th century, identifying their role in society and ways of adapting to new political realities. Although the descendants of the Gaelic aristocracy were relegated to the position of middlemen and large farmers, they played an important role as leaders of political and popular culture in the western counties. The Catholic gentry formed a new tenancy system to control the estates lost to Cromwell's Punitive Laws and confiscations. Acting as intermediaries between English landlords and peasant tenants, they ensured the efficient administration of land in Ireland. The author highlights the main features of the worldview of the Irish gentry, among which are the tireless adherence to traditions, involvement in folk culture, the memory of noble origins that permeate the entire society, and patronage. In conclusion, it is stated that at the beginning of the 19th century. Irish gentry middlemen, carriers of elite and popular culture, formed a layer of large Catholic farmers, a more conservative nobility that prospered and enjoyed a strong position in society.
THE EXPANSION OF EDUCATION IN LONDON OF THE XIV–XVI CENTURIES AND CITY OFFICIALS
Authors: Чернова Л.Н. 
Published: June 2024

В статье выявляется роль должностных лиц Лондона в развитии образования в городе в XIV—XVI вв. Показано, что в рассматриваемый период английская столица в силу сложившихся здесь условий все больше наполнялась широким спектром школ, которые могли удовлетворить разные по содержанию и уровню запросы горожан. Значимую роль в расширении сети школ играли олдермены, мэры, шерифы, принадлежавшие к купеческой элите. Чаще всего они открывали «свободные грамматические школы», в которых обучали не только латыни и латинской грамматике, но также дисциплинам тривиума и квадривиума, а подчас богословию, праву, метафизике и английскому языку. Однако, как правило, это была частная инициатива того или иного официала, а не целенаправленная политика городской власти.
The article reveals the role of London officials in the expansion of education in the city in the XIV—XVI centuries. It is shown that during the period under review, the English capital, due to the prevailing conditions here, was increasingly filled with a wide range of schools that could satisfy the demands of citizens of different content and level. Aldermen, Mayors and Sheriffs belonging to the merchant elite played a significant role in the expansion the number of schools. Most often, they opened «free grammar schools» in which they taught not only Latin and Latin grammar, but also the disciplines of trivium and quadrivium, and sometimes theology, law, metaphysics and English. However, as a rule, it was a private initiative of one or another official, and not a purposeful policy of the city government.
Response of the water level of the Balkash Lake to the distribution of meteorological and hydrological droughts under the conditions of climate change
Authors: Alimkulov Sayat , Makhmudova Lyazzat , Talipova E. K. , Baspakova Gaukhar , Tigkas Dimitris , Gulsaira Isakan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Hydrological droughts occur due to a variety of hydrometeorological phenomena, such as lack of precipitation, reduced snow cover and high evaporation. The values of these factors vary depending on the climate and the severity of drought events. Droughts caused by a lack of precipitation and continuing in the warm season have a longer periodicity. This important statement raises the question of whether climate change may exacerbate the phenomenon of drought. Therefore, understanding changes in the formation of hydrological droughts is key to foreseeing possible changes in the future. This scientific study analyzes the spread of hydrometeorological droughts in the Ile-Balkash basin using standardized precipitation indices and the drought index of river runoff. Lake Balkash plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and is a valuable freshwater resource, especially in dry years. Prolonged droughts in the area have serious consequences, including deterioration of water quality and loss of wetlands, which are important to the ecological system and migratory birds. The analysis shows that during the period of instrumental observations, several extreme hydrological droughts were observed in this area, (1943–1946, 1973–1975 and 1983–1987), which emphasizes the relevance and importance of scientific research on the problem of drought.
Exploring Innovative Approaches in Type-2 Diabetes Management: A
Comprehensive Review on Nano-carriers and Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Chauhan Nitasha , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Karan , Chopra Shruti , Bhatia Amit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels and encompasses
various types like type 1, type 2, gestational, and prediabetes. This review delves into the intricacies of
type-2 diabetes mellitus and its ideal management. Presently, a spectrum of herbal and synthetic drugs is employed
for type-2 diabetes mellitus management. We gathered information about diabetes mellitus from articles
published up to 2024 and listed in PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and similar
databases. The keywords used in our search included “diabetes”, “herbal drugs”, “nano-carriers”, “transdermal
drug delivery”, etc. By carefully analyzing the research on type-2 diabetes-mellitus, it was found that there is
an increase in diabetes-based research, which can be demonstrated by contemplating the PubMed search engine
results using transdermal delivery for type-2 diabetes-mellitus as a keyword. The oral consumption of these
drugs is associated with numerous side effects, including obesity, pancreatic cancer, and hormonal imbalances.
To surmount these challenges, the utilization of nano-carriers and transdermal drug delivery systems
emerges as a promising avenue aiming to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Nano-carriers represent a
revolutionary approach, integrating cutting-edge technologies, inventive strategies, and methodologies to deliver
active molecules in concentrations that are both safe and effective, thereby eliciting the desired pharmacological
response. This review critically examines the constraints associated with traditional oral administration
of anti-diabetic drugs and underscores the manifold initiatives undertaken to revolutionize drug delivery. This
review focuses on the limitations associated with the conventional oral administration of anti-diabetic drugs
and the many initiatives made so far for the effective and safe delivery of drugs using innovative constituents
and techniques.
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Diagnosis: A Game-Changer in
Healthcare
Authors: Sahoo Pramit , Kundu Meghoparna , Begum Jeenatara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract::
Early cancer identification is essential for increasing survival rates and lowering the
disease's burden in today's society. Artificial intelligence [AI]--based algorithms may help in the
early detection of cancer and resolve problems with current diagnostic methods. This article
gives an overview of the prospective uses of AI in early cancer detection.
The authors go over the possible applications of Artificial Intelligence algorithms used for
screening risk of malignancy in asymptomatic patients, investigating as well as prioritising
symptomatic individuals, and more accurately diagnosing cancer recurrence.
In screening programmes, the importance of patient selection and risk stratification is
emphasised, and AI may be able to assist in identifying people who are most at risk of acquiring
cancer. Aside from pathology slide and peripheral blood analysis, AI can also increase the
diagnostic precision of imaging methods like computed tomography [CT] and mammography. A
summary of various AI techniques is given in the review, covering more sophisticated deep
learning and neural networks and more traditional models like logistic regression. The
advantages of deep learning algorithms in spotting intricate patterns in huge datasets and their
potential to increase the precision of cancer diagnosis are emphasised by the authors. The ethical
concerns surrounding the application of AI in healthcare are also discussed, and include topics
like prejudice, data security, and privacy.
A review of the models now employed in clinical practice is included along with a discussion of
the prospective clinical implications of AI algorithms. Examined are AI's drawbacks and
hazards, such as resource requirements, data quality, and the necessity for consistent reporting.
In conclusion, this study emphasises the utility of AI algorithms in the early detection of cancer
and gives a general overview of the many strategies and difficulties involved in putting them
into use in clinical settings.
1,3,5-Triazine: Recent Development in Synthesis of its Analogs and Biological Profile
Authors: Kumawat Jyoti , Jain Sonika , Misra Namita , Dwivedi Jaya , Kishore Dharma 
Published: June 2024

:
Triazine is an important pharmacophore in the field of research for the development of
novel medications due to its presence in numerous powerful physiologically active compounds with
significant medical potential, such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-
HIV, anti-leishmanial and others. The easy availability of triazine, high reactivity, simple synthesis
of their analog, and their notable broad range of biological activities have garnered chemist interest
in designing s-triazine-based drugs. The interest of medicinal chemists has been sparked by the
structure-activity relationship of these biologically active entities, leading to the discovery of several
promising lead molecules. Its importance for medicinal chemistry research is demonstrated by the
remarkable progress made with triazine derivatives in treating a variety of disorders in a very short
period. Authors have collated and reviewed the medicinal potential of s-triazine analogous to afford
medicinal chemists with a thorough and target-oriented overview of triazine-derived compounds.
We hope the present compilation will help people from the industry and research working in the
medicinal chemistry area.