bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local movements and translocation experiments of resident and migratory birds in southern Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Ramos Mario A. , Rappole John H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 114 individuals of 17 resident and 10 migrant species captured at a rainforest study site in the Tuxtla Mountains of southern Veracruz, Mexico, were displaced to a second rainforest site 2.5 km distant. Return rates to point of capture were high for both groups (73% for resident species versus 74% for migrants). These comparable rates, when considered with evidence that residents can accumulate large fat reserves, indicate that resident species possess key adaptations necessary for migratory movement.Un total de 114 individuos pertenecientes a 17 especies residentes y 10 migradoras capturados en un enclave de selva húmeda en las montañas de Tuxtla al sur de Veracruz, México, fueron trasladados a un segundo enclave de selva humeda situado a 2.5 km de distancia. Las tasas de retorno al punto de captura fueron altas para los dos grupos (73% para las especies residentes y 74% para las migradoras). Teniendo en cuenta que los residentes pueden acumular grandes reservas de grasa, la similitud de estos resultados indica que estas especies poseen las adaptaciones necesarias para el movimiento migfatorio.
Migration and other movements among the lower Paraná River valley wetlands, Argentina, and the south Brazil/Pantanal wetlands
Authors: Zuquim Antas Paulo de Tarso 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe southern portion of South America plays an important role for the conservation of many waterfowl and waders. Migratory movements were, till recently, known only for Arctic or Patagonian species. The only exception was the Southern PochardNetta peposaca, with a west—east winter migration from the lower Parana River valley to south Brazil coastal wetlands. The banding studies that have been conducted by the Centro de Pesquisas para a Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE/IBAMA) since 1980, directly or through agreements with local organizations, showed more details of this migration, plus indications that other aquatic species such as Chilean FlamingoPhoenicopterus chilensis, other duck species, Neotropic CormorantPhalacrocorax olivaceusand White-facedPlegadis chihimay follow the same pattern. A migration into the same area the Pantanal population of the Wood StorkMycteria americanawas only recently discovered, and other species may also do likewise when the Pantanal is seasonally flooded. The studies of such bird migration or movements between the main South American wetlands are of great importance to understanding their conservation needs, especially when international cooperation among the countries plays a most important role. The region has been suffering human pressures of various types, from land reclamation for pasture and/or agriculture to the operation, in the last 30 years, of big hydroelectric dams which affect the natural flow of rivers or keep flood-plains under water. The impending construction of the Hidrovia Paranà/Paraguay, a large project for heavy river use as a main transportation route, may represent an enormous impact on such rich aquatic habitats, demanding immediate cooperation among the countries involved to mitigate negative effects on the environment. The impact may be similar to what happened in the Mississippi valley early this century. The west-east movements between the Paranà River valley and south Brazil are of special conservation interest, as a nationally threatened species (in Brazil) is involved (the Chilean Flamingo) as well as duck species targeted for the hunting season in the area.
Forest fragmentation in the temperate zone and its effects on migratory songbirds
Authors: Robinson Scott K. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough much attention has been paid to the impacts of tropical deforestation on populations of Neotropical migrants, fragmentation of breeding habitat may be an equally serious problem for many of these birds. Populations of many migrant songbirds have been declining in recent decades, especially within small woodlots. Censuses from woodlots of different sizes also consistently show that many migrant songbirds are area-sensitive, i.e. they are absent from all but the largest woodlots in a region. In contrast, long-term censuses from large, unfragmented forests show few consistent patterns of decline in Neotropical migrants. Population declines are therefore linked to forest fragmentation because they are most pronounced in small, isolated woodlots.
Survival and breeding success of the Osprey Pandion haliaetus in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Mats O. G. , Wallin Kjell 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring 1942–1983, the average survival rate of Ospreys in Sweden (as derived from ringing data) was 53% during the first year, and for older birds it varied between 72% and 86% (below the level recorded in North America). The annual survival rate decreased significantly among young birds (1st-3rd years of life) but not among older age classes. A weak relationship between annual survival and rainfall in wintering areas in West Africa may exist for some year-classes.Breeding success was 2.1 young per successful breeding attempt over the period 1961-1987, which is lower than during 1938-1946. The long-term annual growth rate of the population declined from 7% around 1940 to 5% around 1990.A local decline in breeding success occurred during the 1960s and 1970s in areas heavily affected by acid precipitation in south-west Sweden, but this trend halted during the 1980s as liming programmes restored the fish stocks in acidified lakes. There was a significant relationship between lake productivity, measured as concentrations of total phosphorus, and breeding success: at 16 lakes breeding success ranged between 1.6 and 2.3 young per nest per year, and at the most oligotrophic lakes breeding success was close to the minimum required to balance mortality.The Swedish population of the Osprey is not in acute danger, but the decline in the potential for population growth should be noted.
The rediscovery of the Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei (Grandidier 1878) in north-eastern Madagascar
Authors: Halleux Dominique , Goodman Steven M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Madagascar Red Owl, known from the eastern rainforest of central Madagascar by a few specimens collected in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and one sight record in 1973, was rediscovered in late July 1993 in north-eastern Madagascar. An adult bird, held in captivity for approximately one year, was located in the town of Andapa. According to the owner, the owl had been obtained south-west of Andapa, near the village of Antanamangotroka, in a forested area connected to the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, and at about 800 m above sea-level. This record expands the known geographic range of this species and provides the first documentation of its continued existence in over 20 years.La Chouette de Soumagne, connue de la forêt pluviale orientale du Domaine du Centre de Madagascar à travers quelques spécimens collectés au 19ème siècle et début du 20ème siècle et d'aprés une observation en 1973, a été redécouverte à la fin du mois de juillet 1993 au nord-est de Madagascar. Un individu adulte, qui venait de passer plus d'un an en captivité, a été découvert dans la ville d'Andapa. D'après la personne qui détenait l'animal, la chouette avait été capturee au sud-ouest d'Andapa, pres du village d'Antanamangotroka, au sein d'une zone forestière connectée avec la Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, à une altitude d'environ 800 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Cette nouvelle donnée constitue une expansion significative de l'aire de distribution de cette espèce et apporte la preuve de la survie de cette espèce endémique qui n'avait pas été observee depuis plus de 20 ans.
The status of Argentine parrots
Authors: Nores M. , Yzurieta D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty-eight species of parrot have been recorded in Argentina. Most of them inhabit forests in the northern part of the country. The conservation status of Argentine parrotsis serious, especially as regards the large species. Of the 11 species of macaws and amazons that formerly existed there, only four now occur for certain. Today, it is still possible to find flocks of many of the remaining species, but several of them have declined. The main problems affecting these species are habitat destruction, primarily of the Misiones forest, and international trade. The large number of species without authorized export quotas for1993indicates a very good level of protection for these species, but the authorized quotas for the remaining species are generally high.Veintiocho especies de loros han sido registradas en Argentina, la mayoría de las cuales habitan selvas en el norte del país. El status de conservatión de los loros argentinos es serio, especialmente el de las grandes especies. De las 11 especies de guacamayos y amazonas que existieron antiguamente, sólo cuatro ocurren con seguridad en la actualidad. Aunque todavía es posible encontrar bandadas de muchas de las especies restantes, muchas de ellas han declinado. Los principales problemas que afectan a estas especies son la destruction del habitat, printipalmente las selvas de Misiones, y el comercio international. El gran número de espeties sin cuotas de exportatión autorizadas para 1993 indica un muy buen nivel de protectión para estas espeties, pero las cuotas autorizadas para el resto de las especies son en general altas.
The conservation status of key bird species on Taliabu and the Sula Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Davidson Peter , Stones Tony , Lucking Rob 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOrnithological surveys were conducted over a seven-week period on Taliabu, Sula Islands, Indonesia in 1991, concentrating on eight species (seven of which have restricted ranges) considered (in 1991) to be threatened and six species (two of which have restricted ranges) considered near-threatened. All of the restricted-range species are dependent on lowland forest, although most persist in secondary habitats, and some also occur in montane forest. Tyto nigrobrunnea was recorded for the first time since the type-specimen was collected in 1938, and is perhaps the most threatened of all the restricted-range birds. Megapodius bernsteinii, Pitta dohertyi, Rhinomyias colonus, Basilornis galeatus and Streptocitta albertinae are threatened in the longer term, primarily by habitat loss. Both Coracina schistacea and C. sula are able to persist in all but the most degraded of habitats. Of the two restricted-range species considered near-threatened, Zoothera erythronota is at greatest risk on Taliabu, apparently restricted to lowland forests. The other, Ptilinopus subgularis, is common in lowland forest and also occurs in montane forest. Little primary lowland forest was found in the areas visited on the island, and identifying remaining areas of this forest type and its relative importance to the birds, especially restricted-range species, should be given highest priority in further surveys. The suitability of a proposed reserve area on the island was evaluated: a larger area of lowland forest than is currently proposed should be afforded protection in order to safeguard the island's characteristic avifauna.
Ecology, status and conservation of the Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys
Authors: Pitter Elin , Christiansen Mette Bohn 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA five-month study of the Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys, endemic to Bolivia, yielded a population estimate of 2,000–4,000 individuals. The species is resident and locally common in, but restricted to, an area in the drainage systems of the Rio Grande, Rio Mizque and northern Rio Pilcomayo. One-third of the population was composed of juveniles some three months after the end of the breeding season. During the dry season, with food apparently short, more of the day was spent feeding than during the wet season. Semi-deciduous vegetation along the rivers produced fruits and seeds that sustained the macaws during the dry season, but the conversion of such areas to arable land forces the macaw to depend for some months on crops and weeds. Local farmers consider the macaw a serious pest on maize.
The threatened and near-threatened birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the role of the Sierra Madre mountains in their conservation
Authors: Poulsen Michael Køie 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFieldwork on the distribution, status and ecology of birds was conducted in the northern Sierra Madre mountain range, Luzon, Philippines, during March–May 1991 and March-May 1992. The findings show the area to be one of the most important for conservation of threatened species of birds in all Asia. The results are here combined with evidence from earlier surveys by other searchers. Fourteen threatened and 18 near-threatened species are now known from the area. This paper reports on all the threatened and near-threatened resident species of the island of Luzon, with special emphasis on their occurrence in the Sierra Madre mountains. In addition, the paper treats species with very limited global distribution that breed in Luzon, and lists species of forest birds endemic to the Philippines that have not previously been reported from the Sierra Madre mountains. Maps show the known sites for 17 species of special concern for conservation. New data on the altitudinal distribution of threatened and near-threatened species suggest that it is essential to protect primary forest at all elevations.
Avifauna of North-western Peru Biosphere Reserve and its environs
Authors: Cook A. Gaylon 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe avifauna of the environs of North-western Peru Biosphere Reserve (NPBR) is herein catalogued. This reserve embraces the largest example of protected Neotropical Pacific xeric forests, a habitat complex much scarcer than rainforests. NPBR is very important conservationally because much of the adjoining dry-forest region of south-western Ecuador has been denuded. Exact locality records and their specific literature sources are furnished for North American migrants and those species which have inhabited the vicinity of NPBR but have not been reported there by the authors of reference books that address avian geography. For each tabulated avian species, the earliest attribution or one of the earliest attributions for a specific record of that taxon in the environs of NPBR is provided. Also, 16 species that are threatened, or are endemic to a short strip of extreme south-western Ecuador and north-western Peru, are noted.
A preliminary survey of birds from the Lac Lobeke Reserve, south-eastern Cameroon
Authors: Smith Thomas B. , Rasmussen Karen K. , Whitney Kenneth D. , Fogiel Mark K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe rainforest avifauna of south-eastern Cameroon is poorly known. In one of the first surveys of birds from this region, we report on bird species netted and observed in the Lac Lobeke Reserve. We document 11 minor range extensions, including that of the extremely rare Zenker's Honeyguide Melignomon zenkeri. The abundance of several rare species of birds and mammals in the area, in addition to low human densities and relative inaccessibility, should make the Lac Lobeke region a priority in conservation efforts. Currently, large logging operations and the commercial exploitation of wildlife threaten the fauna of the region.
Conservation and species lists: taxonomic neglect promotes the extinction of endemic birds, as exemplified by taxa from eastern Atlantic islands
Authors: Hazevoet C. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhen formulating conservation priorities, conservation biologists often rely on published lists of species-level taxa. This paper discusses the nature and taxonomic status of “species” and “subspecies” and different ways of defining “species”. Species are here taken to be terminal and evolutionarily independent units which are qualitatively diagnosable and reproductively cohesive; genealogical biodiversity is thus taken for what it is in the first place, namely the observable result of evolutionary history, an approach which has become known as the phylogenetic species concept (PSC). In contrast to the widely applied Mayrian or “biological” species concept (BSC), no inferences are made about how the degree of morphological differentiation of allopatric but seemingly closely related taxa translates in the absence or presence of reproductive isolation. Many diagnosably distinct endemic island taxa have traditionally been treated as “subspecies” of widespread “polytypic biological” species. At the same time, the “subspecies” category is also used to name arbitrarily delimited sections of intraspecific clinal variation. Thus, the “subspecies” category subjects entirely different evolutionary phenomena to the same hierarchical level through the use of trinomials. Nevertheless, and despite the discrepancy in ontological status among its contents, “subspecies” are usually considered to be of lower evolutionary and/or conservation status than “species” and this has resulted in low conservation priorities allotted to diagnosably distinct island endemics, many of which have traditionally been considered to be “merely Mayrian subspecies”. This has been recognized by some authorities who, because of the threatened status of certain island taxa, advocated treating them binomially in order to generate appropriate conservation measures to save them from extinction, without however justifying their action by any sort of phylogenetic reasoning. Although well intended and sometimes quite successful as regards the follow-up by conservationists, this demonstrates the arbitrary manner in which “species” can be defined under the BSC. Some examples of endemic taxa from eastern Atlantic islands are discussed, demonstrating the way “list thinking” and the lack of phylogenetic reasoning among conservationists translates into the presence or absence of conservation actions. Some of the criticisms of the PSC by adherents of the BSC are discussed. It is advocated that conservationists replace “list thinking” with “lineage thinking”.
Management responses of three species of declining sparrows in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Swengel Scott R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThree species of declining grassland songbirds were counted in June transects at 42 south-western Missouri (U.S.A.) prairie preserves managed three different ways: biennial July haying, spring burning on a 1–4 year cycle, and sites both burned and hayed every 2–4 years. Hayed prairies had twice as many Henslow's SparrowsAmmodramus henslowias burned prairies and 2.5 times as many as sites which had been burned and hayed. Hayed prairies had 59% more Grasshopper SparrowsA. savannarumand 14% more DickcisselsSpiza americanathan burned prairies. Fired and hayed sites had 34% higher detection rates of Grasshopper Sparrows than sites only burned and similar numbers of Henslow's Sparrows and Dickcissels as burned sites. The three species summed were 60% more abundant in hayed as in fired or fired and hayed prairies. Henslow's Sparrows increased and Grasshopper Sparrows decreased with time since the last management. Grasshopper Sparrows peaked one year earlier after haying than after burning. Dickcissels did not vary by time since last management. Henslow's Sparrows and Dickcissels were significantly more abundant in larger prairies. Preserve management for these three prairie birds should emphasize biennial to triennial mid-summer haying, instead of burning.
A preliminary study of the breeding bird community of fallows of cereal steppes in southern Portugal
Authors: Moreira Francisco , Leitão Domingos 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCounts of breeding birds in fallow land of Castro Verde region, the main steppe area of Portugal, were carried out during the spring of 1994, and the population densities of the most common species were estimated. The bird community is relatively simple, with a low species richness and diversity. Nevertheless, it includes several species with unfavourable conservation status. The most common species were Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra and Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, with a mean density of, respectively, 5.6 and 2.6 males/10 ha. Other breeding species in the studied fallows include Great Bustard Otis tarda, Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra, Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla, Little Owl Athene noctua, Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus, Quail Coturnix coturnix and Fan-tailed Warbler Cisticola juncidis. The results suggest that there are differences in population densities in fallows of different age and grazing intensity.
Ecological interactions and habitat modification in nesting Common Murres, Uria aalge
Authors: Parrish Julia K. , Paine Robert T. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeabird populations suffer from a variety of natural and human-induced sources of mortality and loss of lifetime reproductive output. On the outer coast of Washington State, Common Murre Uria aalge populations have been in decline for approximately the last decade and are currently reproductively active only at Tatoosh Island. These murres nest in two basic habitat types: crevices (25% of the population) and larger cliff-top subcolonies (75%). Murres in cliff-top subcolonies have suffered dramatic reductions in reproductive success in recent years relative to conspecifics nesting in the crevices, primarily due to egg predation by Glaucous-winged Gulls Larus glaucescens and Northwestern Crows Corvus caurinus, facilitated by the presence of Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Because predator removal is not feasible and creation of additional crevice habitat is difficult, expensive and potentially ineffective, we have designed a temporary habitat modification (the “silk forest”) which replaces the natural vegetation cover and modifies the interaction between murres and eagles. Within the test subcolony, murres nesting under and immediately adjacent to the silk forest produced nearly twice as many eggs per square metre as their conspecifics nesting in adjacent exposed-ground areas.
The making of conservation Action Plans for the Galliformes
Authors: McGowan P. , Dekker R. W. R. J. , Dowell S. , Garson P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMegapodes: an action plan for their conservation 1995–1999) was published in 1995 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN – The World Conservation Union. It is the twenty-eighth publication in its Action Plan series and the first for any group of birds. Action Plans published under the auspices of the Species Survival Commission are perceived as a means of making information on the status, threats and action required to safeguard species available to conservation planners and others in a position to take action. They are compiled by the appropriate taxon Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission and their production and implementation is central to the Commission's activities. As well as the megapodes, Action Plans have recently been compiled for the partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks and guineafowl, and for the pheasants. Stimulating interest in the conservation of these three groups of birds is the responsibility of three Specialist Groups which operate under the joint parentage of the World Pheasant Association, BirdLife International and the Species Survival Commission. The World Pheasant Association is the umbrella organization for five Galliformes Specialist Groups and was the driving force behind the production of these Action Plans, providing the means for the Specialist Groups to compile the information. This paper outlines the scope of these Action Plans and explains how they were compiled in the hope that this may assist the production of Action Plans for other bird groups.