bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Epithelium in Ocular Pharmacology
Authors: URTTI A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Corneal epithelium is the main barrier of ocular drug absorption form the tear fluid to the anterior chamber. The aim was to generate corneal epithelial cell culture model for drug permeability testing.Methods Human corneal epithelial cell line was used and cultured on filters to build the model. The model was characterised in terms of permeability, electrical resistance, intercellular space, and gene expression of drug transporters and 11,000 other genes. Human corneal epithelium and rabbit cornea were used as positive controls.Results The results indicate that the corneal epithelial model has similar morphology and permeability characteristics and intercellular space as the normal corneal epithelium. However, significant differences were seen in the gene expression patterns.Conclusion Even though tight corneal epithelial organotypic culture model can achieve some features of the corneal epithelium, it deviates from the in vivo counterpart substantially. Thus the model has only limited utility.
Ocular manifestations in Duane radial ray syndrome
Authors: GARCIA MARTIN E , ALMARCEGUI C , FERNANDEZ J , PINILLA I , SATUE M , CALVO P , FERRANDEZ ARENAS B , FUERTES I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To present two related cases with Duane Radial Ray syndrome, ophthalmologic affectation with Duane syndrome and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) hypoplasia.Methods The first patient (15‐years woman) showed Duane syndrome, reduction of visual acuity and pale optic discs. The other patient (12 years woman) presented Duane malformation. Both patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation with best corrected visual acuity, visual field examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry, visual evoked potentials, pattern electroretinogram, and a genetic study.Results OCT and scanning laser polarimetry showed diffuse decrease of RNFL thickness, mainly left eye, retaining the typical morphology as double hump, in patient 1. Neurophysiology evaluation showed decrease in amplitudes of visual evoked potentials and pattern electroretinogram, and increased latency of P100 component. Neuro‐ophthalmologic exploration in patient 2 showed subclinical reduction of RNFL average thickness provided by OCT and increase of P50 and N95 latency by pattern electroretinogram. RNFL average thickness presents reduced scores in both patients, but without glaucomatous morphology.Conclusion Duane radial ray syndrome, also named Okihiro syndrome, may affect retinal nerve fiber layer development and visual acuity.
An Introduction to Binocular Vision & Stereopsis. Why 2 Eyes are better than 1!
Authors: BARRETT BT 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose In visual normals, covering one eye does not markedly alter central vision. However, having two eyes confers at least 2 advantages. 1. Binocular Summation: performance is generally better on tasks when both eyes are open; and 2. Stereopsis: the recovery of information about depth that results from disparity in the retinal images in the right & left eyes. Indeed stereopsis is usually considered to be the ultimate in binocular co‐operation.Methods The precise value of stereopsis remains somewhat controversial. Good stereopsis is highly valued by those who enjoy it and its loss due to trauma/pathology has a major negative impact. However, a significant minority of the population (>5%, many of whom have strabismus and/or amblyopia) have never had clinically measurable stereopsis and they appear to behave little different from visual normals in everyday tasks. If stereopsis is so valuable, why does its absence seemingly have so few consequences?Results Here we examine the many facets of this conundrum, highlighting how, for example, many of those apparently without stereopsis when tested with standard clinical tests may in fact be capable of extracting depth‐from‐disparity information in lab‐based testing. It also emerges that those with reduced/absent stereopsis do exhibit differences relative to normals on fine motor tasks. And, when asked, these individuals often report avoidance of, or poor performance in, tasks relying upon good stereopsis.Conclusion As well as introducing the symposium presentations, this talk will summarise the recent research literature on the importance of binocular vision & stereopsis. This shows that, as in visual normals, 2 eyes are better than 1 in seemingly stereo‐deficient individuals, but the binocular advantage is reduced.
The preservation of ocular surface following complete irradiation of the anterior segment
Authors: SCHALENBOURG A , MAJO F , OTHENIN‐GIRARD P , ZOGRAFOS L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Diffuse iris or ciliary body (‘ring’) melanoma is still considered an indication for enucleation. We perform proton beam irradiation of the whole anterior segment as an alternative, conservative treatment for these eyes with often good vision.Methods Since 1992 we treated more than 70 patients with total anterior segment irradiation, 60 of whom presented primary diffuse iris and/or ring melanoma. We studied local tumor control, eye retention probability, final visual acuity, radiation induced side effects and their management.Results Local tumour control was 100%. Three eye were enucleated. Vision was influenced by tumor and radiation induced side effects such as cataract, intraocular hypertension and ocular surface toxicity. Their management consisted of phacoemulsification, trabeculectomy, deep sclerectomy or tube surgery and preventive limbus deposition and reposition (LDR).Conclusion Proton beam irradiation of the whole anterior segment is a safe alternative to enucleation in diffuse iris or ring melanoma. Management of actinic cataract, glaucoma and ocular surface toxicity through modern techniques is essential for maintaining the eye and a useful vision.
Unilateral ischemic optic neuropathy by tacrolimus after liver transplantation
Authors: RAMIRO P , MATEO J , CABEZON L , IBANEZ J , PEIRO C , JIMENEZ B , PADGETT E , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of unilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on treatment with tacrolimus (Prograf®) after liver transplantation.Methods Case report in a 53‐years old woman receiving tacrolimus after liver transplantation, serial neuroophtalmologic exams were performed.Results 53 years‐ old woman treated with tacrolimus (Progra®f) after liver transplantation, seen in our clinic concerned by the loss of vision in left eye after several previous chapters of amurosis fugax.She was made a carotid doppler (unaltered) and vertebrobasilar (also normal).We ask that RMN detected mild variable Dandy‐Walker, subcortical atrophy, sylvian gaps in deep white matter of probable vascular origin (would microbleeds) and possible osmotic myelinolysis. PCR was elevated and VSG, consistent with pathology data accompanying the patient. Blood analysis showed alterations also be explained by what was happening.Vitamin B12 and folic acid were normal.Serologic tests for Brucella, Borrelia, syphilis, Epstein‐Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and zoster were negative.Normal coagulation. Following these studies was diagnosed by non‐arteritic NOIA and tacrolimus treatment was added to adiro® 100 mg.The vision was 20/20 in right eye and amaurosis (no light perception) in OI. Had a pupillary afferent deffect in left eye. PIO of 15 mmHg in both eyes. Camera anterior large and transparent crystal. Fundus slight optic nerve pallor in the left eye.OCT with great thinning of the RNFL in the left eye and normal right eyeConclusion Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive agent useful in hepatic transplantation which may be associated with ischemic optic atrophy.
Conjunctival Autografts: indications and techniques
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn conjunctival autograft an autologous free conjunctival graft is obtained from the superior bulbar conjunctiva. It is then sutured to the sclera bed. This technique is widely used in pterygium surgery. In this case the graft is obtained from the same eye. It may also be obtained from an healthy fellow eye if previous surgery, limbal stem cell deficiency or scarring is present. With this common procedure, a very low rate of recurrence is observed in the treatment of pterygium. However a lack of understanding of the basic principles of this surgery can result in a poor outcome and frequent recurrences. In this presentation we will review together all the important steps required for a successful conjunctival autograft.
Amniotic membrane transplantation
Authors: LANZINI M , CALIENNO R , CURCIO C , CIAFRè M , COLASANTE M , NUBILE M , MASTROPASQUA L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Aim of this presentation is to indicate current applications of amniotic membrane transplantation in corneal diseases and to describe, by means of in vivo imaging techniques, postoperative modifications of corneal tissue.Methods Different indications for Amniotic Membrane Transplantation will be presented as clinical cases and literature review including corneal ulcers and perforations, persistent epithelial defect, bullous keratopathy. Surgical techniques and adverse events will be described and morphological changes of transplanted tissue and corneal profile will be analyzes by means of anterior segment OCT and in vivo confocal microscopy.Results Amniotic membrane transplantation allows to obtain epithelial restoring, corneal sealing and stromal thickness recovery together with an antinflammatory effect on corneal tissue and reduction of pain. Transplanted tissue may be differently oriented and composed to obtain different effects on recipient cornea.Conclusion Amniotic membrane transplantation is an useful surgical technique for managing of ulcerative corneal pathologies with or without perforation and epithelial defects. In vivo imaging diagnostic devices enable to visualize postoperative effects of transplanted tissue on recipient cornea in terms of morphology and tissutal modifications.
Loss of visual acuity following bariatric surgery for morbid obesity in three sisters
Authors: PEIRO C , PINILLA I , PEIRO B , AVENTIN MP , ASCASO J , PEREZ‐GARCIA D , IBANEZ J , CARAMELLO C , DEL BUEY MA , ZABADANI K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Bariatric surgery are various weight loss surgery options, that can originate deficiencies of Vitamin A, D and K as well as iron‐deficiency anemia and diminution of calcium and zinc. These nutricional changes can generate a loss of visual acuity after the surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe three cases of visual acuity loss after bariatric surgery.Methods Three sisters underwent a bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. All of them complained visual acuity loss months after surgery.Results All the patients shown optic nerve atrophy. Biochemical alterations were presented in all of them, showing diminution of both liposoluble and hydrosoluble vitamins..Conclusion Bariatric surgery could generate visual acuity loss. Vitamin deficiency must be controlled to avoid retinal and optic nerve changes and atrophy.
Is tractography coupled with the retinotopy obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging feasible at 1,5 tesla to study the optic radiations?
Authors: GEORGET M , DESTRIEUX C , ANDERSSON F , ZEMMOURA I , COTTIER JP , PISELLA PJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to evaluate the feasibility and to compare the results of different algorithms of tractography by diffusion weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with retinotopy by functional MRI (fMRI) at 1,5 tesla, to study the optic radiations.Methods one healthy subject had: (1) a fMRI with visual stimulations by sectorial contrast alternating checkerboard patterns (2) a DWI MRI and (3) anatomical acquisitions. Optic radiations were tracked by both deterministic and probabilistic algorithms, using anatomical and functional data.Results the optic radiations reconstructions agreed with literature data. The deterministic reconstruction algorithm is conceivable in current practice, and can correctly tracked the optic radiations with a good view of the Meyer loop, unlike the probabilistic reconstruction algorithm, whose post treatment is long and results disappointing.Conclusion tractography coupled with the retinotopy is feasible at 1,5 tesla to study the optic radiations with deterministic reconstruction algorithm but not with probabilistic algorithm.
Isolation and structural studies of native RPE and BM fluorophores
Authors: GAILLARD E , DILLON JP , MURDAUGH L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the chemical structure, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes and spatial distribution of the major retinal lipofuscin and Bruch’s membrane fluorophores and to correlate their relative amounts with disease.Methods Human RPE lipofuscin granules and Bruch’s membrane explants were isolated from donor globes (Midwest Eye Banks and Transplantation Centers). The organic soluble portion was obtained by extraction with equal amounts of CHCl3:CH3OH:H2O, and the extract was analyzed by LC‐MS (Thermo Finnigan, LCQ Advantage, Surveyor; Surveyor LC with fluorescence and PDA detectors, quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer, electrospray ion source). Fluorescence lifetimes were measured with a PTI Timemaster Lifetime analyzer. MALDI spatial distribution maps were imaged with an Applied Biosystems Voyager‐DE Biospectrometry workstation.Results Several derivatives, including higher molecular weight condensation products, of A2E have been isolated and structurally and spectroscopically characterized. A Bruch’s membrane specific biomarker, nitro‐A2E, has also been characterized and found to increase in concentration with both age and progression of AMD. These materials have unique fluorescence emission maxima and lifetimes and can be used with non‐invasive diagnostic methods. The spatial distribution of these molecules yields information as to their origin.Conclusion Knowledge of the fluorescence maxima and lifetimes of identified retinal fluorophores may allow for a more detailed interpretation of fundus autofluorescence. Of particular importance are the trends in concentration as a function of disease state.
Spectral properties of the anterior segment of primates
Authors: DILLON JP , MERRIAM JC , GAILLARD E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the age related spectral properties of the anterior segment such as transmission and fluorescence and relate those changes to aging mechanisms and retinal imagingMethods A simple method has been developed to determine the optical properties of the anterior segment of the intact eye. This consists of a probe which is inserted into the posterior sclera and detects light passing through the anterior segment. The probe is connected to a CCD spectrophotometer via a fiber optic bundle. Using this the absorptive properties of primate cadaver eyes were determinedResults A young primate anterior segment has a maximum absorption of 365 nm due to the beta‐glucoside of 3‐hydroxykynurenine (3‐HKG) in the lens. This has a small transmission window to the retina centered at 320 nm, which closes up at around puberty. There is also a steep increase in transmission at wavelengths longer than 400 nm. With aging there is an increase in absorption throughout the visible (up to 550 nm)such that by the 6th decade only 20% of blue light is transmitted to the retina compared to the young primate eye. The increase in absorption is paralleled by an increase in fluorescence.Conclusion Yellowing of the lens seems to be related to reactions of 3‐HKG. The window of transmission at 320 nm in the young primate may explain the early increased rate of production of lipofuscin in the retina. The rate of lenticular yellowing is similar to the rate of lipofuscin formation in the retina from 20‐70 years, suggesting that the amount of light absorbed by lipofuscin is constant over that span. The role of age related lenticular changes in retinal imaging will be discussed.
Dual‐wavelength "color" autofluorescence
Authors: HAMMER M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To distinguish fluorophores at the human ocular fundus by their different emission spectra.Methods Autofluorescence images were taken from 62 eyes (78.3±6.3 years) with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), 65 eyes (71.2±8.4 years) with diabetic retinopathy (RD), and 19 eyes (60.7±18.3 years) without any ophthalmic or systemic pathology (control group) by a fundus camera. All eyes were pseudophacic. A 3‐chip color CCD camera was used as detector, recording the fluorescence in two separate spectral bands: Upon excitation at 475‐515 nm, fluorescence was observed at 530‐570 nm and 570‐675 nm. For a global estimation of the fluorescence characteristics, the ratio of the green vs. the red emission (g/r) was calculated in a 70 by 70 pixel area temporal to the macula and apart from pathologic lesions and retinal vessels. Local changes of fluorescence emission spectra were assessed.Results An orange fluorescence was found in the control group. Compared to that group (g/r=0.869±0.073), the global fundus fluorescence of AMD‐patients (g/r=0.906±0.105) and diabetics (g/r=0.974±0.119) was green‐shifted. This shift was statistically significant (t‐test, p=0.001) for the RD and the control group. The optic disc, hypo‐fluorescent atrophic areas (geographic atrophy, laser scars), hyper‐fluorescent drusen, and lipid exudates appeared greenish.Conclusion The ocular fundus autofluorescence is dominated by the orange fluorescence of lipofuscin. The green‐shift of the fluorescence in AMD and RD may indicate protein glycation since advanced glycation end products show green fluorescence. Greenish fluorescence of drusen and exudates reveal non‐lipofuscin fluorescence which needs further clarification. Color autofluorescence visualizes different fluorophores and, thus, may be of diagnostic merit.
Differences in fundus autofluorescence in clinical practice
Authors: BARBAZETTO I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Fundus autofluorescence (AF) has become a standard imaging test for evaluating retinal disorders such as age‐related macular degeneration, hereditary, and inflammatory conditions. Little attention has been given to the influence of technical specifications of individual imaging devices and their potential influence on the studies obtained.Methods AF was recorded using a Heidelberg confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) with 488 nm laser exciter (488 nm‐AF), and a conventional Topcon fundus camera with halogen lamp exciter and 580 nm band‐pass filter (580 nm‐AF). Images of patients with various macular conditions were obtained and compared.Results The autofluorescent signal is largely believed to derive from lipofuscein in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and to represent a correlate of cellular metabolic activity. However, while images of geographic atrophy appeared to be rather comparable, significant differences were noted in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy, rip of the RPE and cystoids macular edema. It has been hypothesized that macular pigments (MPs) and more precisely changes of MPs density account in part for the differences, as MPs block 488nm‐AF more intensely than 580nm‐AF.Conclusion Fundus autofluorescence images obtained with different imaging systems may not be interchangeable depending on the exciter and band‐pass filters used. Caution has to be taken when comparing diagnostic or therapeutic findings on AF from imaging devices with different specifications
DHEA Analogue Neuroprotection in an Experimental Model of Retinal Detachment
Authors: TSOKA PA , CHARALAMPOPOULOS I , GRAVANIS A , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of a new synthetic analogue of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in an experimental model of retinal detachment (RD).Methods Sprague Dawley rats underwent a retinal detachment in their right eye under deep anesthesia while the left eye was served as a control. Animals were dived into three groups and injected with the synthetic DHEA analogue. The analogue can be detected in the rat retina after intraperitoneal injection. Animals received intraperitonealy 10 mg of the analogue diluted in 70 ul of ethanol in a total volume of 1 ml WFI per animal. In the first group the injections were administered after RD while in the other two groups (group 2 and 3) a pretreatment was utilized starting 7 days before RD (every day and every second day, respectively). The animals were sacrificed three days after RD, the eyes were enucleated and prepared for TUNEL labeling and confocal microscopy.Results Morphological analysis revealed that the phenotype is rescued when the administration of the analogue begins before retinal detachment, with only a few cells labeled positive after TUNEL staining in groups 2 and 3. Administration of the drug only after the retinal detachment (group 1) seemed to have less anti‐apoptotic effect.Conclusion Our results suggest that this molecule may prove to be anti‐apoptotic in retinal detachment induced apoptosis. Further investigation is required for the most efficient treatment and drug dosage in several time points of the apoptotic process.
Retinal bioavailability of a DHEA synthetic analog after intraperitoneal administration in the Sprague Dawley rat
Authors: TSIKA C , TSOKA PA , TZATZARAKIS M , CHARALAMPOPOULOS I , GRAVANIS A , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the retinal bioavailability of a synthetic Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analog, a molecule with potential anti‐apoptotic action, after systemic administration.Methods 25 Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg of the analog in1 ml of an ethanol/Water For Injection (WFI) solution. The synthetic neurosteroid was injected in 3‐5 rats at each time point at the same concentration every time. The animals were euthanized at 15, 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6 & 24 hrs. The eyes were enucleated and the retina was isolated from the eye cup with an eye sponge with suitable handling. After appropriate preparation, the samples were measured with HPLC LC/MS.Results The recovery of the method was 91.4%. The Limit Of Quantification (LOQ) was 0,05 ng/mg. The substance was detected at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min in mean concentrations of 0.10 ng/mg, 0.42 ng/mg, 0.91 ng/mg & 0.17 ng/mg respectively. No substance was detected with this method at 15 min, 6 & 24 hrs. No substance was detected in all blind samplesConclusion The synthetic DHEA analog was successfully detected in the rat retina with an LC/MS HPLC method. The molecule seems to reach the retina in thirty minutes after systemic administration and is still detected there after four hours. Further investigation is obligatory for complete data of the pharmacokinetics of the substance in the rat retina.