bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts Blood Flow: Differences by Graft Type and Coronary Target
Authors: Onorati Francesco , Santini Francesco , Rubino Antonino Salvatore , Amoncelli Enrico , Gianbruno Vincenzo , Renzulli Attilio , Faggian Giuseppe , Mazzucco Alessandro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is used worldwide as an anti‐ischemic strategy. However, little is known about the modifications of the graft blood flow during IABP. A retrospective study aimed at analyzing transit‐time flow measurements during 1:1 IABP and during its cessation in 401 consecutive patients receiving IABP before coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 880 graft segments) was reported. All normally functioning grafts were considered. Mean diastolic and mean blood flow improved significantly during 1:1 IABP compared with during IABP cessation (P < 0.001), although mean and end‐diastolic arterial pressures were significantly lower (P = 0.001). Arterial and sequential saphenous vein (SV) grafts showed greater improvements in mean diastolic and mean flow compared with single venous grafts. Higher flows were also observed in the grafts directed to the circumflex territory. Surplus graft flow (SGF, defined as mean flow during 1:1 IABP/mean flow with IABP off) was recruited (SGF >1) during 1:1 IABP, with higher values in single arterial or sequential SV grafts versus single venous grafts (both P < 0.001). Y‐conduit radial artery (RA) grafts showed higher maximum diastolic flow, mean flow, and SGF compared to aortocoronary RA or SV grafts. In this retrospective analysis, IABP was associated with improved diastolic and mean blood flow in bypass grafts. Arterial, sequential, and Y‐conduit grafts were associated with greater improvements in blood flow and SGF than aortocoronary SV grafts.
Calcium carbonate, but not sevelamer, is associated with better outcomes in hemodialysis patients: Results from the French ARNOS study
Authors: JEAN Guillaume , LATAILLADE Dominique , GENET Leslie , LEGRAND Eric , KUENTZ François , MOREAU‐GAUDRY Xavier , FOUQUE Denis ,   the ARNOS study investigators
Published: July 2011

AbstractA favorable survival effect of phosphate binders (PBs) on incident hemodialysis (HD) patients was recently reported, but no definitive advantages of calcium‐based or noncalcium‐based PBs have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the prescription of PBs using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or sevelamer HCl (SV) on survival. Baseline PB prescription was recorded using a cross‐sectional analysis of prevalent HD patients from the regional Association Régionale des Néphrologues OStéodystrophie French cohort. A prospective 42‐month survival analysis study was performed. In July 2005, 1347 HD patients were included. CaCO3, SV, and mixed PBs were prescribed in 55%, 42%, and 24% of cases, respectively, and 26% were not prescribed PBs. Using a Cox proportional model adjusted for several parameters, CaCO3 use was found to be associated with less mortality (HR, 0.64 [0.4–0.78]), but not in the case of SV use (HR, 1.13 [0.92–1.3]). SV prescription was associated with higher mortality than CaCO3 (HR, 1.46 [1.1–1.9]). CaCO3, but not sevelamer prescription, is associated with a favorable effect on survival in a French HD population. This novel result can be partly accounted for by the differences in mineral metabolism disorder management that exist between randomized controlled trials and “real life” conditions.
Photoluminescence and Cathodoluminescence Properties of NanocrystallineCa2Gd8Si6O26:Sm3+Phosphors
Authors: Seeta Rama Raju G. , Yu Jae Su , Park Jin Young , Jung Hong Chae , Moon Byung Kee 
Published: July 2011

NanocrystallineCa2Gd8Si6O26(CGS):Sm3+phosphors were synthesized by solvothermal reaction method. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were evaluated by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra along with decay properties were investigated as a function ofSm3+concentration. Under 405 nm excitation wavelength, the photoluminescence spectra showed three emission peaks at 565 nm (4G5/2 → 6H5/2) and at 650 nm (4G5/2 → 6H9/2), and with an intense orange emission at 600 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2).Based on the orange emission performance, the Sm3+concentration was optimized to be at 2 mol%. The low voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) properties were also performed for 2 mol%Sm3+‐dopedCGSphosphors as a function of accelerating voltage (1–5 kV). From theCLspectra, the reddish‐orange emission was observed. The calculated Commission International De I‐Eclairage chromaticity coordinates are in close proximity to the chromaticity coordinates of Nichia corporation developed amber light emitting diodes.
Late‐onset Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteraemia in a premature infant in the NICU
Authors: Myers KA , Jeffery RM , Lodha A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLate‐onset sepsis is a unique entity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as organisms involved are, by definition, nosocomial. As such, a limited number of microbes are characteristically involved. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram‐negative bacillus rarely cultured in a clinical context, with the few published cases primarily involving immunocompromised adults. We present an ex‐26‐week newborn girl who developed late‐onset sepsis with Leclercia adecarboxylata bacteraemia in the NICU. The infection was successfully treated with gentamicin and cefotaxime. This is the fifth paediatric report of Leclercia adecarboxylata infection, and the first in a neonate. The case raises the possibility that prior courses of antibiotics may have predisposed this individual to a rare infection essentially limited to immunocompromised individuals.Conclusion:  Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rare infection, particularly in immunocompetent individuals. In neonates, the clinical course can be good with timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics.
Negative X-ray reverberation time delays from MCG–6-30-15 and Mrk 766
Authors: Emmanoulopoulos D. , McHardy I. M. , Papadakis I. E. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We present an X-ray time lag analysis, as a function of Fourier frequency, for MCG–6-30-15 and Mrk 766 using long-term XMM–Newton light curves in the 0.5–1.5 and the 2–4 keV energy bands, together with some physical modelling of the corresponding time lag spectra. Both the time lag spectra of MCG–6-30-15 and Mrk 766 show negative values (i.e. soft band variations lag behind the corresponding hard band variations) at high frequencies, around 10−3 Hz, similar to those previously observed from 1H 0707−495. The remarkable morphological resemblance between the time lag spectra of MCG–6-30-15 and Mrk 766 indicate that the physical processes responsible for the observed soft time delays are very similar in the two sources, favouring a reflection scenario from material situated very nearby to the central black hole.
Whither Australia: Will Availability of Water Constrain the Growth of Australia's Population?
Authors: RUTHERFURD IAN , FINLAYSON BRIAN 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSupply of water for cities and for food production will not be a major factor limiting the growth of Australia's population in coming decades. The water needed to sustain the population of Australia can be divided into two kinds. Direct water requirements are those that meet the immediate needs of the people – potable water supply and waste removal. Indirect water requirements refer to the water needed to sustain the economy and the standard of living – food production, manufacturing, mining, etc. Agriculture is the largest indirect user, using between 50% and 70%, while household use, including sewerage and drainage, uses less than 30%. Industry uses the remaining 20%. In this paper, we do not deal with the issue of water quality but note its significance, especially as regards the salinisation of water resources in rural Australia. Australia has abundant water when expressed on a per capita basis, although this is unevenly distributed around the continent. Per capita, the densely populated south‐eastern and south‐western parts of the continent have low to average run‐off available when compared with other populated regions of the world. What is more important is the extreme inter‐annual variability of that run‐off. Previous attempts to measure the size of the population that could be supported in Australia, based on the availability of water, have produced estimates up to 280 million. Outside of the well‐watered edges of the continent, water has always been seen as a factor that limits Australia's population. However, water supply is a necessary but not sufficient basis for population growth, as can be seen from examples (such as the Ord Irrigation Scheme) where providing abundant water has failed to trigger major population growth. The largest increases in population in coming decades are predicted to occur in the capital cities where there has been a substantial reduction in water use through demand management in recent years. Urban water demand has proven to be extremely elastic. New sources of urban water, including desalination, groundwater, recycled sewage, and increased run‐off in urban stormwater, will easily provide sufficient water for a growing urban population over coming decades. Water used in irrigated agriculture at present supplies the needs of Australia's 20 million people and an estimated 40 million in other countries. With increased efficiency in the delivery and use of water for irrigation combined with export substitution, water for food production is not likely to limit population. In this paper, we have not dealt with the issue of environmental flows in rivers or with the provision of water to wetlands, although we acknowledge that they are both significant issues for policy development. We conclude that the size of the population of Australia is less important than how that population behaves in regard to the management of water resources.
Centrifugation speed affects light transmission aggregometry
Authors: MEROLLA M. , NARDI M. A. , BERGER J. S. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBackground:  Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is considered the gold standard for investigating platelet activity ex vivo. However, LTA protocols are not standardized, and differences in LTA procedure are a potential source of variance in results. Centrifugation speed is an essential component of platelet preparation in LTA, has yet to be standardized, and may affect platelet aggregation results. We sought to investigate the effect of relative centrifugal force (RCF) intensity on LTA results.Methods:  Ten healthy controls had venous blood drawn and centrifuged at 150, 200, 300, and 500 g for 10 min. Cell counts in whole blood and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) were measured using a hematology analyzer. LTA was performed using 1.0 μm adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and 0.4 μm epinephrine as an agonist. Aggregation (%) was compared at 60, 120, 180, and 300 s and at maximum aggregation.Results:  Centrifugation speed was associated with decreasing platelet count (P < 0.001) and decreasing mean platelet volume (P < 0.001) in PRP. Maximum aggregation decreased with increasing speeds for ADP 1.0 μm (150 g– 89%, 200 g– 93%, 300 g– 71%, 500 g– 17%; P < 0.001). Similar findings were noted at 120 s (150 g– 69%, 200 g– 50%, 300 g– 35%, 500 g– 12%; P < 0.001), 180 s (150 g– 82%, 200 g– 74%, 300 g– 44%, 500 g– 13%; P < 0.001), and 300 s (150 g– 85%, 200 g– 88%, 300 g– 55%, 500 g– 14%; P < 0.001). Consistently, platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine 0.4 μm decreased significantly with increasing centrifuge RCF at 60, 120, 180, 300 s and at maximum aggregation (P < 0.05 for each comparison).Conclusion:  Our data demonstrate the importance of centrifugation speed in the interpretation of LTA results, supporting the need for standardization of centrifugation RCF in LTA protocols.
Accuracy and precision of hemoglobin point‐of‐care testing during major pediatric surgery
Authors: SPIELMANN N. , MAUCH J. , MADJDPOUR C. , SCHMUGGE M. , WEISS M. , HAAS T. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  The aim of the study was to compare accuracy and reproducibility of four point‐of‐care testing (POCT) devices (GEM® Premier 3000, ABL 800 flex, GEM®OPL™, HemoCue® B‐Hemoglobin) for hemoglobin (Hb) analyzes as compared with the reference laboratory method (Sysmex XE 2100) in children undergoing major surgery.Methods:  Pediatric patients undergoing craniofacial, spine, hip, or cancer surgery were included. Blood samples for Hb testing were taken at several intraoperative time points and generally withdrawn from the arterial catheter, if accessible.Results:  A total of 256 blood samples were taken intraoperatively from 71 pediatric patients. All POCT devices showed very small bias (maximum −0.46 g/dL) to reference method as well as very good reproducibility (maximum coefficient of variation of 0.99%). However, in two cases (HemoCue), potential clinical relevant differences were observed beyond a range of 2 g/dL.Conclusion:  All POCT devices tested and operated by trained staff for hemoglobinometry showed reliable test results. They all allow for simple, fast, and precise bedside determination of hemoglobin concentration in the intraoperative setting.
Hit or miss in phylogeographic analyses: the case of the cryptic NUMTs
Authors: BERTHEAU CORALIE , SCHULER HANNES , KRUMBÖCK SUSANNE , ARTHOFER WOLFGANG , STAUFFER CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPhylogeographic studies call for attention as nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) may generate erroneous results. Here, we report the presence of NUMTs differing only by 1–3 bp from authentic mitochondrial haplotypes, consequently named cryptic NUMTs. In contrast to traditional NUMTs, for which reliable tools for detection are established, cryptic NUMTs question the validity of phylogeographic analyses based solely on mitochondrial DNA, like the one presented here on the European bark beetle Ips typographus. Caution is called as cryptic NUMTs might be responsible for haplotype richness found in several species, and the necessity of refined methods for NUMT detection is highlighted.
The sign of Galois representations attached to automorphic forms for unitary groups
Authors: Bellaïche Joël , Chenevier Gaëtan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLet K be a CM number field and GK its absolute Galois group. A representation of GK is said to be polarized if it is isomorphic to the contragredient of its outer complex conjugate, up to a twist by a power of the cyclotomic character. Absolutely irreducible polarized representations of GK have a sign ±1, generalizing the fact that a self-dual absolutely irreducible representation is either symplectic or orthogonal. If Π is a regular algebraic, polarized, cuspidal automorphic representation of GLn(𝔸K), and if ρ is a p-adic Galois representation attached to Π, then ρ is polarized and we show that all of its polarized irreducible constituents have sign +1 . In particular, we determine the orthogonal/symplectic alternative for the Galois representations associated to the regular algebraic, essentially self-dual, cuspidal automorphic representations of GLn (𝔸F) when F is a totally real number field.
β-Pareto Set Prediction for Bi-Objective Reliability-Based Design Optimization
Authors: Lin Dong-Shin , Ho Chun-Min , Chan Kuei-Yuan 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this research, we investigate design optimization under uncertainties for problems with two objectives. Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) that considers uncertainties as random variables and/or parameters and formulates constraints probabilistically has received extensive attention. However, research to date has focused primarily on single-objective problems only. We extend RBDO to problems for which multiple objectives are optimized simultaneously. Each constraint reliability value results in a Pareto set. The set of all Pareto frontiers at the various reliability values is denoted as the β-Pareto set. We study the relations between the deterministic Pareto set and the β-Pareto set and then develop a method to systematically determine the exact β-Pareto set of bi-objective linear programming problems. The method is also extended to predict the β-Pareto set of nonlinear problems using the sandwich technique. As a result, we are able to accurately predict the β-Pareto set in the objective space without solving multiple multi-objective optimization problems at various reliability levels. In the early stage of the product design process, the proposed approach can help decision-makers efficiently to determine how product performance varies with reliability level.
Phylogenetic Molecular Ecological Network of Soil Microbial Communities in Response to Elevated CO
2
Authors: Zhou Jizhong , Deng Ye , Luo Feng , He Zhili , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Understanding the interactions among different species and their responses to environmental changes, such as elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO
2
, is a central goal in ecology but is poorly understood in microbial ecology. Here we describe a novel random matrix theory (RMT)-based conceptual framework to discern phylogenetic molecular ecological networks using metagenomic sequencing data of 16S rRNA genes from grassland soil microbial communities, which were sampled from a long-term free-air CO
2
enrichment experimental facility at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota. Our experimental results demonstrated that an RMT-based network approach is very useful in delineating phylogenetic molecular ecological networks of microbial communities based on high-throughput metagenomic sequencing data. The structure of the identified networks under ambient and elevated CO
2
levels was substantially different in terms of overall network topology, network composition, node overlap, module preservation, module-based higher-order organization, topological roles of individual nodes, and network hubs, suggesting that the network interactions among different phylogenetic groups/populations were markedly changed. Also, the changes in network structure were significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen contents, indicating the potential importance of network interactions in ecosystem functioning. In addition, based on network topology, microbial populations potentially most important to community structure and ecosystem functioning can be discerned. The novel approach described in this study is important not only for research on biodiversity, microbial ecology, and systems microbiology but also for microbial community studies in human health, global change, and environmental management.

IMPORTANCE
The interactions among different microbial populations in a community play critical roles in determining ecosystem functioning, but very little is known about the network interactions in a microbial community, owing to the lack of appropriate experimental data and computational analytic tools. High-throughput metagenomic technologies can rapidly produce a massive amount of data, but one of the greatest difficulties is deciding how to extract, analyze, synthesize, and transform such a vast amount of information into biological knowledge. This study provides a novel conceptual framework to identify microbial interactions and key populations based on high-throughput metagenomic sequencing data. This study is among the first to document that the network interactions among different phylogenetic populations in soil microbial communities were substantially changed by a global change such as an elevated CO
2
level. The framework developed will allow microbiologists to address research questions which could not be approached previously, and hence, it could represent a new direction in microbial ecology research.
Physiological Differentiation within a Single-Species Biofilm Fueled by Serpentinization
Authors: Brazelton William J. , Mehta Mausmi P. , Kelley Deborah S. , Baross John A. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Carbonate chimneys at the Lost City hydrothermal field are coated in biofilms dominated by a single phylotype of archaea known as Lost City
Methanosarcinales
. In this study, we have detected surprising physiological complexity in single-species biofilms, which is typically indicative of multispecies biofilm communities. Multiple cell morphologies were visible within the biofilms by transmission electron microscopy, and some cells contained intracellular membranes that may facilitate methane oxidation. Both methane production and oxidation were detected at 70 to 80°C and pH 9 to 10 in samples containing the single-species biofilms. Both processes were stimulated by the presence of hydrogen (H
2
), indicating that methane production and oxidation are part of a syntrophic interaction. Metagenomic data included a sequence encoding AMP-forming acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, indicating that acetate may play a role in the methane-cycling syntrophy. A wide range of nitrogen fixation genes were also identified, many of which were likely acquired via lateral gene transfer (LGT). Our results indicate that cells within these single-species biofilms may have differentiated into multiple physiological roles to form multicellular communities linked by metabolic interactions and LGT. Communities similar to these Lost City biofilms are likely to have existed early in the evolution of life, and we discuss how the multicellular characteristics of ancient hydrogen-fueled biofilm communities could have stimulated ecological diversification, as well as unity of biochemistry, during the earliest stages of cellular evolution.

IMPORTANCE
Our previous work at the Lost City hydrothermal field has shown that its carbonate chimneys host microbial biofilms dominated by a single uncultivated “species” of archaea. In this paper, we integrate evidence from these previous studies with new data on the metabolic activity and cellular morphology of these archaeal biofilms. We conclude that the archaeal biofilm must contain cells that are physiologically and possibly genetically differentiated with respect to each other. These results are especially interesting considering the possibility that the first cells originated and evolved in hydrothermal systems similar to Lost City.