bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CT Classification of Multilevel Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament to Guide Hybrid Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion vs. Posterior Laminoplasty
Authors: Wang Shunmin , Song Haibo , Xu Ximing , Ling Shiyong , Wang Yuan , Sun Jingchuan , Shi Jiangang 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveFor precise and minimally invasive treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine, the lifting segment is minimized, anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) was refined and improved. In addition, the development of appropriate surgical procedures for the ossification of each segment was rarely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of hybrid anterior controlled antedisplacement fusion (Hybrid ACAF) with laminoplasty for multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).MethodsBetween May 2018 and May 2021, 70 patients with multilevel OPLL were divided into a hybrid ACAF group and a laminoplasty group according to surgical methods. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and recovery rate (JOARR), (VAS, NDI) score and C2–C7 Cobb angle, the sagittal vertical axis of the neck (SVA), and complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage, C5 paralysis, etc.) were compared between the two groups by t test or non‐parametric test.ResultsThe operation time of hybrid ACAF was longer. C5 paralysis and axial pain were more common in the laminoplasty group, while dysphagia and hoarseness were more common in the hybrid ACAF group. At the last follow‐up, the hybrid ACAF group had better recovery and maintenance of cervical lordosis and sagittal plane balance and a higher JOA score and recovery rate than the laminoplasty group.ConclusionsHybrid ACAF can reduce the number of vertebral bodies and expand the decompression range, which is safe, effective, and tailored to local conditions. Compared with laminoplasty, hybrid ACAF is a precise alternative for patients with OPLL.
Malassezia‐associated skin diseases in the pediatric population
Authors: Chang Christy H. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalassezia are yeast species that commonly colonize healthy skin. However, they have been associated with or implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous skin disorders, particularly in the setting of pediatric populations. In this review, we will focus on several Malassezia‐associated skin conditions manifesting in infants, children, and adolescents: pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, infantile and adolescent seborrheic dermatitis, head and neck dermatitis, and neonatal cephalic pustulosis. We examine the literature and provide an overview of these conditions, including clinical presentation in diverse skin colors, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment and management. Additionally, we summarize and highlight some of the proposed theories on the role of Malassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of these skin conditions.
Perspectives and good dispositions
Authors: Lasonen‐Aarnio Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn some cases we can only conform to norms like Choose the best! by luck, in a way that is not creditable to us. According to the perspectivist diagnosis, the problem with such norms is that they make reference to facts that may lie outside our perspectives. The first aim of this paper is to argue that the perspectivist diagnosis of the problem of luck is not ultimately correct. The correct diagnosis, I argue, is feasibilist: in some situations it is not feasible to choose, act, or believe in ways that conformity to objectivist norms robustly depends on. The same, I argue, is true of perspectivist norms: sometimes it is not feasible to track facts about our own perspectives. This shift in focus from the limits of our perspectives to limits on feasible ways of acting, choosing and believing has deep ramifications for normative theory. My second aim is to sketch an alternative, feasibilist way of thinking about a more subject‐directed kind of normativity that takes into account our limitations as human agents. The result is a normative picture that unifies the practical and theoretical domains.
Risks of congenital malformations and neonatal intensive care unit admissions with gabapentin use in pregnancy: A cohort study and scoping review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Desrochers Brianne , Lavu Alekhya , Valencia Eunice , Vaccaro Christine , Peymani Payam , Eltonsy Sherif 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing and prevalent use of gabapentin among pregnant people highlights the necessity to assess its neonatal safety.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the foetal safety of gabapentin during pregnancy using a cohort study and scoping review with a meta‐analysis of published evidence.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study using the Manitoba health databases between 1995 and 2019. We examined the association between gabapentin use during pregnancy and the prevalence of major congenital malformations, cardiac and orofacial malformations, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions using multivariate regression models. We searched the literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 2022 to identify relevant observational studies and conducted a meta‐analysis using random‐effects models, including our cohort study results.ResultsOf the 289,227 included pregnancies, 870 pregnant people were exposed to gabapentin. Gabapentin exposure during the First trimester was not associated with an increased risk of any malformations (adjusted relative risk [aRR]) 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92, 1.46), cardiac malformations (aRR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72, 2.29), orofacial malformations (aRR 1.37, 95% CI 0.50, 3.75), and major congenital malformations (aRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.73, 1.36). whereas exposure during any trimester was associated with an increased NICU admission risk (aRR, 1.99, 95% CI 1.70, 2.32). The meta‐analysis of unadjusted results revealed an increased risk of major congenital malformations (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.28, 1.61, I2 = 0%), cardiac malformations (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11, 2.47, I2 = 68%), and NICU admissions (RR 3.15, 95% CI 2.90, 3.41, I2 = 10%), and increased trend of orofacial malformations (RR 1.98, 95% CI 0.79, 5.00, I2 = 0%).ConclusionsGabapentin use was associated with an increased risk of NICU admissions in the cohort study and pooled meta‐analysis. Clinicians should prescribe gabapentin with caution during pregnancy and further studies are warranted.
Smart seq2 revealed distinct molecular responses during in vitro porcine oocyte maturation before or after the addition of mogroside V
Authors: Nie Junyu , Xiao Peng , Xiong Qianqian , Liang Xingwei , Zhao Xiuling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOocyte maturation involves both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Mogroside V (MV) has been shown to enhance nuclear maturation, mitochondrial content, and developmental potential of porcine oocyte during in vitro maturation (IVM). However, the impact of MV on cytoplasmic maturation and its underlying mechanisms are not understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of MV on cytoplasmic maturation. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes treated with MV exhibited a noticeable increase in cortical granules (CGs) formation. Additionally, MV enhanced the expression of NNAT and improved glucose uptake in mature oocytes. Further insights were gained through Smart‐seq2 analysis of RNA isolated from 100 oocytes. A total of 11,274 and 11,185 transcripts were identified in oocytes treated with and without MV, respectively. Among quantified genes, 438 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for further analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were primarily involved in DNA repair regulation, cellular response to DNA damage, intracellular components, and organelles. Furthermore, the DEGs were significantly enriched in three KEGG pathways: fatty acid synthesis, pyruvate metabolism, and WNT signalling. To validate the results, lipid droplets (LD) and triglyceride (TG) were examined. MV led to an increase in the accumulation of LD and TG production in mature oocytes. These findings suggest that MV enhances cytoplasmic maturation by promoting lipid droplet synthesis. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which MV improves oocyte quality during IVM. The results have significant implications for research in livestock reproduction and offer guidance for future studies in this field.
Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells modulate innate immune cells and inhibit colon cancer growth
Authors: Cheng Olivia J. , Lebish Eric J. , Jensen Owen , Jacenik Damian , Trivedi Shubhanshi , Cacioppo Jackson G. , Aubé Jeffrey , Beswick Ellen J. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate‐like T cells that can be activated by microbial antigens and cytokines and are abundant in mucosal tissues including the colon. MAIT cells have cytotoxic and pro‐inflammatory functions and have potentials for use as adoptive cell therapy. However, studies into their anti‐cancer activity, including their role in colon cancer, are limited. Using an animal model of colon cancer, we showed that peritumoral injection of in vivo‐expanded MAIT cells into RAG1−/− mice with MC38‐derived tumours inhibits tumour growth compared to control. Multiplex cytokine analyses showed that tumours from the MAIT cell‐treated group have higher expression of markers for eosinophil‐activating cytokines, suggesting a potential association between eosinophil recruitment and tumour inhibition. In a human peripheral leukocyte co‐culture model, we showed that leukocytes stimulated with MAIT ligand showed an increase in eotaxin‐1 production and activation of eosinophils, associated with increased cancer cell killing. In conclusion, we showed that MAIT cells have a protective role in a murine colon cancer model, associated with modulation of the immune response to cancer, potentially involving eosinophil‐associated mechanisms. Our results highlight the potential of MAIT cells for non‐donor restricted colon cancer immunotherapy.
A decade of outsourcing in health and social care in England: What was it meant to achieve?
Authors: Bach‐Mortensen Anders , Goodair Benjamin , Corlet Walker Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increased private provision of publicly funded health and social care over the last 75 years has been one of the most contentious topics in UK public policy. In the last decades, health and social care policies in England have consistently promoted the outsourcing of public services to private for‐profit and non‐profit companies with the assumption that private sector involvement will reduce costs and improve service quality and access. However, it is not clear why outsourcing often fails to improve quality of care, and which of the underlying assumptions behind marketising care are not supported by research. This article provides an analysis of key policy and regulatory documents preceding or accompanying outsourcing policies in England (e.g., policy document relating to the 2012 and 2022 Health and Social Care Acts and the 2014 Care Act), and peer‐reviewed research on the impact of outsourcing within the NHS, adult's social care, and children's social care. We find that more regulation and market oversight appear to be associated with less poor outcomes and slower growth of for‐profit provision. However, evidence on the NHS suggests that marketisation does not seem to achieve the intended objectives of outsourcing, even when accompanied with heavy regulation and oversight. Our analysis suggests that there is little evidence to show that the profit motive can be successfully tamed by public commissioners. This article concludes with how policymakers should address, or readdress, the underlying assumptions behind the outsourcing of care services.
Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for detection of Vibrio choleraeO1 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Preventative intervention for cholera for 7 days (PICHA7 program)
Authors: George Christine Marie , Namunesha Alves , Felicien Willy , Endres Kelly , Luo Wensheng , Bisimwa Lucien , Williams Camille , Bisimwa Jean‐Claude , Sanvura Presence , Perin Jamie , Bengehya Justin , Maheshe Ghislain , Sack David A. , Cikomola Cirhuza , Mwishingo Alain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, there are estimated to be 2.9 million cholera cases annually. Early detection of cholera outbreaks is crucial for resource allocation for case management and for targeted interventions to be delivered to stop the spread of cholera. In resource limited settings such as Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), there is often limited laboratory capacity for analysing stool samples for cholera by bacterial culture. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for cholera present a promising tool to rapidly test stool samples in a health facility setting for cholera. Our objective is to evaluate the Crystal VC O1 RDT for cholera detection compared with bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Vibrio cholerae.MethodsFrom March 2020 to December 2022, stool samples were collected from 644 diarrhoea patients admitted to 94 health facilities in Bukavu in Eastern DRC. Patient stool samples were analysed by Crystal VC O1 RDT for cholera and by bacterial culture and PCR for V. cholerae O1.ResultsTwenty six percent of diarrhoea patients (166/644) had stool samples positive for cholera by RDT, and 24% (152/644) had stool samples positive for V. cholerae O1 by bacterial culture or PCR. The overall specificity and sensitivity of the Crystal VC O1 RDT by direct testing was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92%–96%) and 90% (95% CI, 84%–94%), respectively, when compared with either a positive result by bacterial culture or PCR.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the Crystal VC O1 RDT presents a promising tool for cholera surveillance in this cholera endemic setting in sub‐Saharan Africa.
The Monroe Report, US colonialism and English language education in the Philippines
Authors: Davis Daniel R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on a foundational text in the history of English in the Philippines, that is, the 1925 document, A Survey of the Educational System of the Philippine Islands, which came to be known as ‘The Monroe Report’. Although the Report has often been cited as an emblematic example of colonial control and hegemony, a close scrutiny of the text, as well as a consideration of the historical context, makes possible other more nuanced readings, which situate the Report in the educational progressivism of early 20th century United States, and simultaneously remind us of the continuing relevance of the Report today.
General Extended State Observer-Based Robust Integral of Signum of Error Controller for Active Flutter Suppression for Aeroelastic System
Authors: Sharma Balraj , Agrawal Pooja , Misra Ajay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a robust integral of signum of error (RISE) controller for active suppression of flutter of a two-dimensional airfoil, and it is integrated with a general extended state observer (GESO). Toward this, airfoil model in state space is first changed into a canonical form. Then, the controller is designed using RISE control technique. As equations of system dynamics are not into integral chain form, a GESO is formulated to observe system states and disturbances. The controller is implemented using estimated states and it is robustified using estimated disturbance. Stability of the proposed general extended state observer-robust integral of signum of error (GESO-RISE) controller is established using the Lyapunov theory. Simulations are performed to check the proposed controller's performance against variations in airspeed, uncertainties in model parameters, external disturbances, time delay, and unmodeled dynamics. Comparison of the proposed GESO-RISE controller is carried out with existing controllers using two performance criteria, i.e., Control Efforts (CoE) and integral of absolute error (IAE). It is discovered from simulations that the proposed GESO-RISE controller significantly reduces IAE and control efforts. Additionally, Monte Carlo method is utilized to check robustness of the proposed GESO-RISE controller. The proposed GESO-RISE controller significantly enhances flutter boundary of airfoil and is completely implementable.
Experimental Study of a Novel Helix-Shaped Oscillating Heat Pipe and Design Parameters for Flow Stabilization
Authors: Pawlick Max , Peterson G. P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A novel helix-shaped oscillating heat pipe (OHP) designed for enhanced heat transfer in thermal management and heat recovery systems was studied experimentally. Two orientations were explored: side-heated, which is the intended orientation in which improved fluid circulation is predicted, and bottom-heated, a control resembling traditional bottom-heated OHPs. Results showed stronger circulation, reduced temperature differences, and lower startup thresholds in most cases. The side-heated orientation achieved higher maximum heat loads at a fill ratio of 0.5, although the maximum load decreased at a fill ratio of 0.7. Notably, the helix-shaped OHP attained effective thermal conductivity values over 9,000 WmK in multiple test cases and a maximum heat transport of 676 W. Additional parameters were explored, including heat load, fill ratio, condenser temperature, and the presence of noncondensible gases (NCGs). The presence of NCGs increased not only the temperature drop as expected, but also increased the maximum heat transport, indicating potential benefits in certain applications. Elevated condenser temperatures not only decreased the temperature drop, but also reduced maximum heat transport. A previously developed OHP performance model was expanded to evaluate the novel helix-shaped OHP. The model predicted temperature drops during degassed experiments under moderate heat loads reasonably well. However, most data points fell outside the model's scope, emphasizing the need to extend it to handle condenser bubble collapse. The expanded analytical models for side-heated helix-shaped OHPs highlighted a different set of restrictions on circulation than traditional, bottom-heated OHPs, which likely explains the superior performance of the helix-shaped OHP in its intended orientation.
Design and Evaluation of Kirschner Wire Guide Device for Patellar Fracture Fixation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cui Haipo , Du Kewei , Guo Xudong , Fu Ruonan , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Identifying the optimal position for Kirschner wire (K-wire) is crucial in tension band wiring for patellar fracture. This study analyzed the ideal position and designed a guide device to aid precise K-wire insertion. The stress and displacement at 90 deg of flexion were compared to determine the optimal positions. The number of insertions and fluoroscopies, and operating times were recorded in a retrospective study. Intra-operative radiographs were used to measure the K-wire position relative to the patella in the coronal and sagittal planes to assess accuracy. The least stability occurred when the distance between the K-wires was 1/2 of the patellar width in the coronal plane and close to the patellar anterior surface. The number of K-wire insertions in the experimental group and control group (1.33 ± 0.58 versus 3.8 ± 1.03; P = 0.009), the number of fluoroscopies (2.67 ± 0.58 versus 10 ± 1.33; P = 0.007), and the operating time (55 ± 8.66 min versus 82 ± 9.49 min; P = 0.001) were significantly different. K-wires should parallel to each other, spaced 1/4 or 1/3 of the patellar width in the coronal plane, and 1/2 to 3/4 of the patellar thickness in the sagittal plane away from the patellar anterior surface. The surgeon could improve insertion accuracy with guide device.
Experiment on the Excitation of Vapor Behavior and the Vibration by Thermal Flow Under C-Tube Pool Boiling Model
Authors: Xu Ruosi , Tan Wei , Dong Jiaojiao , Guo Kai , Zhang Haiying , Wang Heng , Zhu Guorui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As an important safety equipment in nuclear system, the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) with C-tube is responsible for timely removing heat from the reactor core in accident. A C-tube heating device was setup to investigate the flow characteristics of the in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST), which is of the PRHR HX shell-side flow field and the vibration characteristics of the heat exchanger tube. The temperature of the flow field and the acceleration signal of the C-tube were measured. The C-tube frequency in the pool boiling condition is 0–0.660 Hz. There is no resonance with the first natural frequency of 8.98 Hz. The IRWST temperature field can be divided into slow-heating period, fast-heating period, and boiling period. Steam vapor exists in three periods, condensation and collapse of vapor concentrate on horizontal tube. The fast-heating period exists the subcooling degree ΔTsub for the most intense vapor excitation, ΔTsub is in the range of 13–16 °C. In term of thermal flow excitation vibration, the existence of the cross flow with C-plane direction is in the transition period from the slow-heating period to the fast-heating period, which excites the maximum root mean squares (RMS) amplitude 0.039 mm and 0.034 mm at the midpoint of upper horizontal tube and vertical tube. When the fluid enters fast-heating period, the direction of flow changes into the normal C-plane. Normal RMS amplitude reached maximum 0.02 mm at upper 1/4 of the vertical tube in boiling period. The above research provides important data support for the safety and reliability of PRHR HX.