bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Leisure Time Physical Activity and Properties of Bone: A Twin Study
Authors: Ma Hongqiang , Leskinen Tuija , Alen Markku , Cheng Sulin , Sipilä Sarianna , Heinonen Ari , Kaprio Jaakko , Suominen Harri , Kujala Urho M 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Effects of physical activity on bone properties, when controlled for genetic effects, are not fully understood. We aimed to study the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and bone properties using twin pairs known to be discordant for leisure time physical activity for at least 30 yr. Volumetric BMD and geometric properties were measured at the tibia shaft and distal end using pQCT in 16 middle-aged (50–74 yr) same-sex twin pairs (seven monozygotic [MZ] and nine dizygotic [DZ] pairs) selected from a population-based cohort. Paired differences between active and inactive co-twins were studied. Active members of MZ twin pairs had larger cortical bone cross-sectional area (intrapair difference: 8%, p = 0.006), thicker cortex (12%, p = 0.003), and greater moment of inertia (Imax, 20%, p = 0.024) at the tibia shaft than their inactive co-twins. At the distal tibia, trabecular BMD (12%, p = 0.050) and compressive strength index (18%, p = 0.038) were also higher in physically active MZ pair members than their inactive co-twins. The trends were similar, but less consistently so, in DZ pairs as in MZ pairs. Our genetically controlled study design shows that LTPA during adulthood strengthens bones in a site-specific manner, that is, the long bone shaft has a thicker cortex, and thus higher bending strength, whereas the distal bone has higher trabecular density and compressive strength. These results suggest that LTPA has a potential causal role in decreasing the long-term risk of osteoporosis and thus preventing osteoporotic fractures.
Genetic and Environmental Covariations Among Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms, Neuroticism, and Extraversion in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA growing literature suggests that personality traits may be endophenotype markers for psychiatric illnesses. Although the phenotypic relationships between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and high neuroticism and low extraversion have been well documented, underlying genetic and environmental contributions to these associations have not been explored previously. Five hundred and twenty-four monozygoitc (MZ) and 228 dizygotic (DZ) pairs of adolescent and young adult twins (aged 13–24 years) drawn from the South Korean Twin Registry completed the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Neuroticism and Extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Scale by mail. The total score of MOCI (MOCIT) was significantly and positively correlated with Neuroticism (r= .44), but only weakly and negatively related to Extraversion (r= –.10). A trivariate Cholesky model was applied to the data. The additive genetic correlations in the best-fitting model were .51 between Neuroticism and MOCIT and –.17 between Extraversion and MOCIT, suggesting that additive genetic factors that lead to high neuroticism and low extraversion overlap with those genetic factors influencing high OC symptoms. These findings add to the cumulative evidence of the shared genetic etiology for the associations between a personality profile of high neuroticism and low extraversion and mental illnesses.
Heritability and Linkage Analysis of Appendicitis Utilizing Age at Onset
Authors: Oldmeadow Christopher , Mengersen Kerrie , Martin Nicholas , Duffy David L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAppendicitis usually afflicts the young, but there is a large tail in the distribution of onset age. The genetics of this disease are still not well understood. A heritability analysis and genome wide linkage analysis of a large twin dataset was undertaken. Treating age of onset of appendicitis as a censored survival trait revealed a heritability of 0.21, and found evidence of linkage to Chromosome 1p37.3.
Discordant Outcomes in a Case of Parvovirus B19 Transmission Into Both Dichorionic Twins
Authors: Schiesser Monika , Sergi Consolato , Enders Martin , Maul Holger , Schnitzler Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMaternal infection with parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can cause aplastic anemia in the fetus and may lead to nonimmune fetal hydrops and fetal demise. Twin pregnancies complicated by infection due to parvovirus B19 are very rare clinical events. We present a dichorionic, diamniotic, dizygotic twin pregnancy after in vitro fertilization with parvovirus B19 infection and viral transmission to both twins, but different outcomes. At 19 weeks gestation, hydrops fetalis was diagnosed for male twin A, female twin B did not show any abnormalities. At 22 weeks gestation an acute parvovirus B19 infection was detected and twin A was diagnosed with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) by ultrasound at 23 weeks gestation. Viral DNA was detected in maternal blood as well as in placenta and liver tissue of this twin. Twin B was born at 35 weeks gestation asymptomatically and no signs of hydrops or other congenital anomalies but viral DNA was detected by PCR in serum. At the age of 2 years, both IgG titres against B19 and parvovirus DNA amplification copies were still positive in plasma of the surviving twin, but no clinical signs were detectable. It is remarkable that both twins were infected with parvovirus B19 early in pregnancy but showed a discordant clinical outcome. Our case report describes the rare occurrence of an intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) of one twin and the asymptomatic infection of the other in a twin pregnancy.
Statistical Analyses of Hellin's Law
Authors: Fellman Johan , Eriksson Aldur W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuring the history of research on multiple maternities, Hellin's law has played a central role as a rule of thumb. It is mathematically simple and approximately correct, but shows discrepancies that are difficult to explain or to eliminate. It has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law does not hold as a general rule. Varying improvements to this law have been proposed. In this paper, we consider how Hellin's law can be used and tested in statistical analyses of the rates of multiple maternities. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only identify errors too large to be characterized as random. It is of particular interest to determine why the rates of higher multiple maternities are sometimes too high or too low when Hellin's law is used as a benchmark. Excesses of triplet and quadruplet maternities are particularly unexpected and challenging. Our analyses of triplet and quadruplet rates indicated that triplet rates are closer to Hellin's law than quadruplet rates. According to our analyses of the twinning rate and the transformed triplet rate and quadruplet rate for Sweden (1751–2000), both triplet and quadruplet rates showed excesses after the 1960s. This is mainly caused by artificial fertility-enhancing reproduction technologies. Regression analyses of twinning and triplet rates yield rather good fits, but deficiencies in the triplet rates are commonly present. We introduced measures of concordance between triplet rates with Hellin's law. According to these measures, historic data showed deficiencies in triplet rates, but recent data revealed excesses, especially found among older mothers. The excesses obtained are in good agreement with other studies of recent data.
The liaison between apoptotic cells and macrophages – the end programs the beginning
Authors: Weigert Andreas , Jennewein Carla , Brüne Bernhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe efficient execution of apoptotic cell death with the clearance of apoptotic debris by phagocytes is a key regulatory mechanism ensuring tissue homeostasis. Failure in this execution program contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the interaction of apoptotic cells with their professional ‘captors’, the macrophages, with special emphasis on the immunological outcome. Removal of apoptotic cells must be considered as a process that actively delivers signals to polarize macrophages, which are fundamental for the resolution of inflammation. However, the sculpting of macrophage responses by apoptotic cells can be misused under certain inflammatory disease conditions, including tumor development.
Cathepsin B release from rodent intestine mucosa due to mechanical injury results in extracellular matrix damage in early post-traumatic phases
Authors: Vreemann Anna , Qu Hong , Mayer Kristina , Andersen Louise Bjorkholt , Stefana M. Irina , Wehner Sven , Lysson Mariola , Farcas Anca M. , Peters Christoph , Reinheckel Thomas , Kalff Jörg , Brix Klaudia 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
An in vivo model was used to investigate the role of cathepsins in mouse intestine after mechanical manipulation. Inspection of different intestine segments by immunofluorescence microscopy provided evidence for a local release of cathepsin B from cells of individual gut sections shortly after traumatic injury. Densitometry of immunoblots ruled out alterations in cathepsin B expression levels. Because similar results were obtained with both mouse and rat intestine trauma models, we were interested in identifying potential targets of released cathepsin B in early post-traumatic phases. Immunoblotting revealed initial declines followed by an increase in protein levels of claudin-1 and E-cadherin, indicating that tight junctions and cell-cell adhesions were only transiently compromised by surgical trauma. Apical aminopeptidase N and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were only slightly affected, whereas basolateral low-density lipoprotein receptors were strongly up-regulated in response to trauma. As potential targets of cathepsin B released from injured cells, we identified collagen IV and laminin of the basement membrane that was damaged during initial post-traumatic stages. Because increased collagen IV expression was observed in the intestine of cathepsin B-deficient animals, we propose a direct role of cathepsin B in that it contributes to acute post-traumatic extracellular matrix damage and may thereby facilitate onset of post-operative ileus.
Two cases of deletion 2q37 associated with segregation of an unbalanced translocation 2;21: choanal atresia leading to misdiagnosis of CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Rebollo Eduardo , Pérez Olga , Martinez-Bouzas Cristina , Cotarelo-Pérez Maria Carmen , Garin Intza , Ruibal Jose Luis , Pérez-Nanclares Gustavo , Castaño Luis , Pérez de Nanclares Guiomar 
Published: March 2009

ContextThe phenotypic variability of patients with syndromes presenting with dysmorphism makes clinical diagnosis difficult, leading to an exhaustive genetic study to determine the underlying mechanism so that a proper diagnosis could be established.ObjectiveTo genetically characterize siblings, the older sister diagnosed with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy and the younger one with CHARGE syndrome.DesignClinical case report.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and radiological studies were performed on the family. In addition, molecular genetic studies including sequencing of GNAS, typing of microsatellites on 2q and 21q, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of subtelomeric regions were performed, as well as confirmatory fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis.ResultsThe genetic analysis revealed that both sisters presented a 2q37 deletion due to the maternal unbalanced segregation of a 2;21 translocation.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a 2q37 deletion where differential diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome is needed due to the appearance of choanal atresia.
Histologic Evaluation of a Stem Cell–Based Sinus‐Augmentation Procedure
Authors: McAllister Bradley S. , Haghighat Kamran , Gonshor Aron 
Published: March 2009

Background: Predictability has been demonstrated for the long‐term success of dental implants placed simultaneously with or after a sinus‐augmentation procedure. However, the time required to obtain optimal bone formation can be from 6 to 9 months or longer with grafting materials other than autogenous bone. For this reason, there is interest in a surgical technique that does not require the harvest of autogenous bone but still results in sufficient bone formation within a relatively short time frame.Methods: The purpose of this case series was to evaluate the bone formation following sinus‐augmentation procedures using an allograft cellular bone matrix containing native mesenchymal stem cells. Biopsy and histologic evaluation were performed after ∼4 months of healing.Results: Histomorphometric analysis revealed an average vital bone content of 33% (range, 22% to 40%) and an average residual graft content of 6% (range, 3% to 7%) for the five cases reported that had an average healing period of 4.1 months (range, 3 to 4.75 months).Conclusion: The high percentage of vital bone content, after a relatively short healing phase, may encourage a more rapid initiation of implant placement or restoration when a cellular grafting approach is considered.
The Side Exhaust Liner Running Tool: A Tool for Liner Running and Cementing Using E-Line Coiled Tubing
Authors: Sarber Greg , Johnson Mark , Harris Bob , Diller Carl , Milne John , Holloway Alan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A new system for running and cementing liners using Electric line coiled tubing has been proven on the North Slope of Alaska. The SELRT, the Side Exhaust Liner Running Tool, gives the functionality to run and release a liner while utilizing a liner wiper plug system to ensure good cement quality. A jointed pipe liner is conveyed and cemented with the coiled tubing containing an electric umbilical.
This innovative equipment has proven to be a substantial HSE benefit and savings in rig time when compared to a more conventional liner running system. Older systems used in Alaska required switching to an electric line free coiled tubing reel prior to running and cementing liner. Jointed pipe liners up to 3,700’ long have been successfully run and cemented with electric line coil using the SELRT system, saving an average of 19 hours of rig time per well.
This paper will describe the system development including pumping test slurries of cement through electric line coiled tubing, confirming that dropping balls is possible through electric line coiled tubing and the development and use of the new liner running equipment. Several successful liner running and cementing jobs will be reviewed. This is now the standard liner running equipment used for wells drilled with coiled tubing in the Prudhoe Bay field.
Complex Through-Tubing Gravel-Pack Operation Increases Production on a Well in the Heidrun Field: A Case Study
Authors: Stromsvik Ina H. , Nesvik Kjell Tore , Vik Frode , Stene Karin , Ridene Mohamed , Petrone Daniele 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Well Heidrun A-45, located in the Norwegian Sea, was completed in an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir that required sand control. The lower zone was completed with a gravel pack completion and the upper zone was left unperforated. To enable production from the upper zone, the lower zone needed to be abandoned after onset of sand production.
Typically these recompletions are performed with a workover rig, but this option was not possible because of high cost and rig availability. After considering various alternative options, the whole operation was performed rigless with coiled tubing. The job consisted of abandoning the lower zone, perforating the upper zone, and then performing a through-tubing gravel pack on the upper zone.
After the workover operation, the new completed sand control system produced at 500 Sm3 o.e. per day which represents 100% incremental increase in the oil production rate compared to the old sand control system that was plugged and abandoned. This activity featured the largest through-tubing gravel pack operation performed in the area.
This case study provides a background for the planning, execution, and evaluation of the operation, demonstrating a viable alternative for sand control rigless recompletion.
Statistical Analysis of Coiled Tubing Fatigue Data
Authors: Christian Amitkumar , Tipton Steven Michael 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
To study the influence of surface defects on the fatigue life of coiled tubing (CT), an extensive database has been developed. Samples of CT were tested by cycling at a fixed bending radius in a fatigue testing fixture at constant internal pressure until failure occurs. Data have been generated using samples with a wide range of defect geometries. The results have been used to develop an analytical model that explicitly considers the measured geometry along with the influence of high and low internal pressures. This model is based on a damage parameter that correlates defect severity with fatigue life reduction.
Unfortunately, scatter plagues fatigue data and variability in the small defect dimensions can exacerbate this scatter. When CT fatigue data are plotted in terms of a damage parameter versus life, average behavior is usually revealed in terms of "bands" of data with varying widths. Correlations based on curves through the middle of those bands can be considered estimates of "mean" life. Alternatively, such life estimates can be considered to exhibit "50%" survival. In other words, half the samples should fail before their predicted life and the other half should survive longer. To account for scatter and assure that a higher percentage of cases exceed the predicted life, users typically retire tubing when estimated fatigue lives reach a value corresponding to about 80% of their estimated life.
However, statistically based techniques are available to make life predictions of higher survival percentages with specific confidence levels. Effectively, estimated life curves based on these approaches pass through the bottom of the scatter band exhibited by fatigue test results, rather than through the middle of the band, such that a higher percentage of samples can be expected to exceed their estimated life. This leads to a safe design limit, extracted from available data that can be used with a specific degree of confidence.
This paper describes a procedure to estimate the life of CT with a surface defect. The predicted life should be exceeded by a particular percentage of all cases in the field, and this assertion can be stated with a specific confidence. One-sided lower tolerance interval or bound curves are constructed for different CT materials, since users are primarily concerned with the minimum safe fatigue life value. Example design curves are presented to make statistically valid life predictions that should be exceeded by 90, 95 or 99% of the samples, with 90, 95 and 99% confidence levels, respectively. The data used to define these predictions show that defects are more damaging in low pressure situations than they are in high pressure cases, in terms of percentage life reduction.
Cleaning Large-Diameter Proppant in Low-Bottomhole Pressure, Extended-Reach Wells With Concentric Coiled Tubing Vacuuming Technology
Authors: Skufca J. , Li J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Cleaning sand fill out of large diameter, deviated wellbores with low-bottom-hole pressure has proven to be a major challenge. During a conventional coiled tubing cleanout on these lower reservoir wells, either a low density fluid, such as diesel, or a nitrified system, is utilized to maintain an underbalanced condition during the cleanout process. It is common that many of these cleanout operations are conducted with limited annular fluid velocities. Sand vacuuming technology addresses these challenges by utilizing a jet pump powered by single phase liquid which carries all of the returns up the concentric coiled tubing (CCT) annulus. Previous field practices indicate that most of the sand/well vacuuming jobs were applied in low-pressure reservoirs, unconsolidated sands with relatively small size solids (less than 20/40 mesh) in horizontal slotted liner completions.
There are still some challenging issues for sand vacuuming operations. These include the use of heavy coil in coil strings, limited jet pump capacity for deep, extended reach wells, vacuuming large particulates through the narrow flow intake to the concentric coiled tubing annulus, and breaking consolidated sand bridges with limited forward flow jetting. This paper discusses the modification of a previous jet pump with a three-way switch tool (sand vacuum, well vacuum and jetting mode) to clean large size proppant (8/14 mesh). The modified bottom hole assemblies were tested in a full scale flow loop. The flow loop setup and test results will be discussed. The distance of the rear facing jets to the intake of the jet pump and the pull-out-of-hole speed of BHA are crucial to insure the sand can be completely removed. A few field cases are also discussed in this paper. Both flow loop tests and field operations indicate that a proper designed jet pump with a jetting switch tool could effectively vacuum the larger proppant in low pressure extended reach wellbores.
Innovative Retrievable Lock Mandrel Extends Monobore Completion Potential
Authors: Millet François G. , Foucher Pierre-Arnaud , Helderle Paul , Djunaedi Dedi K. , Petel Pierre 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Monobore completions are an efficient way to exploit multilayer reservoirs. During the life of a field, targeted layers can be either opened or closed in order to optimize hydrocarbon production and avoid undesirable fluid entry. For these cases, nippleless retrievable bridge plugs are often required to isolate or to patch a specific reservoir. However, currently available tools fail due to their traditional rubber sealing element that swells under the effect of temperature and gas, and then hardens, which prevents them from being easily retrieved – and sometimes even set.
To solve these problems, a tool has been developed based on a segmented sealing ring that expands by the mechanical displacement of blocks, rather than by stressing the sealing element. Based on materials other than rubber, this sealing technology is free from the burning issue of elastomers. This design also eliminates traditional extrusion gaps and so performs well in HP/HT wells.
This revolutionary kinematic seal, associated with a breakthrough fail-safe mandrel mechanism has been successfully qualified in a very harsh environment (condensates and sour gases) where conventional technology has always been unsuccessful. A case history is presented where the rubber of a traditional plug swelled when running into the hole, which led to premature setting. The innovative bridge plug, on the other hand, was set and retrieved easily using a light slickline unit.
The total cost of the intervention was greatly reduced by using an interactive slickline conveyance system that provides real-time depth correlation, and then using a standard slickline unit for retrieval.
Due to its unique design, flowing applications such as electromagnetic controlled WR-SC/SSSV, choke, SSCSV, straddle packers (patch or screen) … will soon be available down to 2⅞" tubing size. Consequently, a new scope of operations is now accessible in monobore completions, such as temporary setting of the lock with a downhole shut-in device and gauges for accurate reservoir evaluation, or multiple settings in a single run in order to test, plug, and detect tubing leaks.