bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extensive analysis of SOL properties in high-δ plasmas in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Redl A. , Eich T. , Vianello N. , Adamek J. , Bernert M. , Birkenmeier G. , Brida D. , David P. , Faitsch M. , Fischer R. , Grenfell G. , Ochoukov R. , Rohde V. , Tal B. , Dreval M. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A set of dedicated H-mode discharges with constant heating power combining Neutral Beam Injection and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating have been executed at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak using a high triangularity magnetic geometry in order to investigate the impact of filamentary transport to divertor and non-divertor components. The evolution of upstream scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles have been correlated with dedicated separatrix quantities, mostly with the turbulence control parameter

α

t

(Eich and Manz 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 086016) describing the turbulence level at the separatrix. With increasing

α

t

, a broadening of the upstream density profiles in the near-SOL together with the formation of a density shoulder in the far-SOL have been observed. This phenomenon is associated with an enhanced filamentary transport dominating the radial turbulent transport in the far-SOL and confirmed by means of the cooling water calorimetry on non-divertor components. The probe measurements conducted with the ball-pen probe-head mounted on the midplane manipulator and a retarding-field analyzer close to the limiter surface indicate that the key mechanism increasing the radial filamentary transport to the first wall is an increase of the particle flux

Γ

r
,
fil

, caused primarily by the packing fraction

f

PF
,
fil

and the filament density

n

e
,
fil

. At the same time, the electron temperature

T

e

and ion temperature

T

i

measured close to the limiter surface show only small variations above

α

t

> 0.5. Both the filamentary heat flux and the gross erosion derived from the first wall probe measurements reach a magnitude that should be considered in the design of future fusion reactors.
Development of bilayer tissue-engineered scaffolds: combination of 3D printing and electrospinning methodologies
Authors: Yilmaz Hilal , Bedir Tuba , Gursoy Sevda , Kaya Elif , Senel Ilkay , Tinaz Gulgun Bosgelmez , Gunduz Oguzhan , Ustundag Cem Bulent 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although different fabrication methods and biomaterials are used in scaffold development, hydrogels and electrospun materials that provide the closest environment to the extracellular matrix have recently attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering applications. However, some of the limitations encountered in the application of these methods alone in scaffold fabrication have increased the tendency to use these methods together. In this study, a bilayer scaffold was developed using 3D-printed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)-collagen (COL) patches. The bilayer scaffolds were characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, mechanical, swelling, and degradation properties; drug release, antibacterial properties, and cytocompatibility of the scaffolds were also studied. In conclusion, bilayer GelMA-CIP/PCL-COL scaffolds, which exhibit sufficient porosity, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties and also support cell growth, are promising potential substitutes in tissue engineering applications.
Projected regional changes in mean and extreme precipitation over Africa in CMIP6 models
Authors: Bobde V , Akinsanola A A , Folorunsho A H , Adebiyi A A , Adeyeri O E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Precipitation plays a crucial role in Africa’s agriculture, water resources, and economic stability, and assessing its potential changes under future warming is important. In this study, we demonstrate that the latest generation of coupled climate models (CMIP6) robustly project substantial wetting over western, central, and eastern Africa. In contrast, southern Africa and Madagascar tend toward future drying. Under shared socioeconomic pathways (defined by Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), our results suggest that most parts of Africa, except for southern Africa and Madagascar, will experience very wet years five times more often in 2050–2100, according to the multi-model median. Conversely, southern Africa and Madagascar will experience very dry years twice as often by the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, we find that the increasing risk of extreme annual rainfall is accompanied by a shift toward days with heavier rainfall. Our findings provide important insights into inter-hemispheric changes in precipitation characteristics under future warming and underscore the need for serious mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Experimental investigation in enhancing the mechanical, wear and corrosion resistance properties of Al6061-SiC-NSA composites fabricated using stir casting process
Authors: S Dhanesh , Kumar K Senthil , P Tamil Selvam , Raghav G R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the mechanical, and tribological properties of Al6061-SiC-NSA hybrid composites. The characterization via FE-SEM reveals NSA particle’s crystal structure and agglomeration, with an average particle size of approximately 400 nm. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of oxides (TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3) along with calcium and potassium. The XRD spectra corroborate these findings, additionally identifying Calcite and intermetallic compounds. The Al6061–5SiC-10NSA composites has improved compressive strength of 254 MPa compared to 220 MPa for base Al6061 alloy. The tensile strength of base Al6061 (100 MPa) decreased to 70 MPa for Al6061–5SiC-20NSA composites. The tensile strength decreases with increasing NSA content. Fracture analysis indicates ductile fracture mechanisms, supported by FE-SEM images displaying honeycomb-like structures and dimples. Impact testing reveals reduced impact strength in composites compared to Al6061 (26J3), with Al6061–10SiC-5NSA exhibiting the best toughness of 22.5 J3. Density decreases in composites, with density of Al6061–5SiC-20NSA composites has reduced to 2.40 g cm−3. The microhardness of Al6061–10SiC-5NSA has better value of 109 HV, whereas further addition of NSA has resulted in decrease in microhardness of composites. Pin-on-disc wear tests demonstrate improved wear resistance with increased NSA content, with Al6061–5SiC-20NSA outperforming other compositions. COF decreases with increased NSA content and sliding speed. FE-SEM analysis of worn surfaces reveals that the major wear mechanism is adhesive wear followed by delamination, further the oxide formation along the surface aiding wear resistance of the composites. Tafel testing indicates decreased corrosion potential with increased NSA content, with Al6061–5SiC-20NSA exhibiting improved corrosion resistance.
Effect of power supply parameters on discharge characteristics and sterilization efficiency of magnetically driven rotating gliding arc
Authors: QIN 秦 Shaohua 绍华 , WANG 王 Meizhi 玫芝 , DU 杜 Jun 军 , NIE 聂 Lanlan 兰兰 , PAN 潘 Jie 杰 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plasma sterilization is a new generation of high-tech sterilization method that is fast, safe, and pollution free. It is widely used in medical, food, and environmental protection fields. Home air sterilization is an emerging field of plasma application, which puts higher requirements on the miniaturization, operational stability, and operating cost of plasma device. In this study, a novel magnetically driven rotating gliding arc (MDRGA) discharge device was used to sterilize Lactobacillus fermentation. Compared with the traditional gas-driven gliding arc, this device has a simple structure and a more stable gliding arc. Simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics showed that adding permanent magnets can form a stable magnetic field, which is conducive to the formation of gliding arcs. Experiments on the discharge performance, ozone concentration, and sterilization effect were conducted using different power supply parameters. The results revealed that the MDRGA process can be divided into three stages: starting, gliding, and extinguishing. Appropriate voltage was the key factor for stable arc gliding, and both high and low voltages were not conducive to stable arc gliding and ozone production. In this experimental setup, the sterilization effect was the best at 6.6 kV. A high modulation duty ratio was beneficial for achieving stable arc gliding. However, when the duty ratio exceeded a certain value, the improvement in the sterilization effect was slow. Therefore, considering the sterilization effect and energy factors comprehensively, we chose 80% as the optimal modulation duty ratio for this experimental device.
Loss of energetic particles due to feedback control of resistive wall mode in HL-3
Authors: ZHAO 赵 Yifei 弋菲 , LIU 刘 Yueqiang 钺强 , HAO 郝 Guangzhou 广周 , WANG 王 Zhengxiong 正汹 , DONG 董 Guanqi 冠崎 , WANG 王 Shuo 硕 , LI 李 Chunyu 春雨 , YANG 杨 Guanming 冠铭 , MIAO 苗 Yutian 雨田 , WANG 王 Yongqin 雍钦 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Effects of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field perturbations due to feedback control of an unstable

(

is toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) on the energetic particle (EP) losses are systematically investigated for the HL-3 tokamak. The MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) code, facilitated by the test particle guiding center tracing module REORBIT, is utilized for the study. The RWM is found to generally produce no EP loss for co-current particles in HL-3. Assuming the same perturbation level at the sensor location for the close-loop system, feedback produces nearly the same loss of counter-current EPs compared to the open-loop case. Assuming however that the sensor signal is ten times smaller in the close-loop system than the open-loop counter part (reflecting the fact that the RWM is more stable with feedback), the counter-current EP loss is found significantly reduced in the former. Most of EP losses occur only for particles launched close to the plasma edge, while particles launched further away from the plasma boundary experience much less loss. The strike points of lost EPs on the HL-3 limiting surface become more scattered for particles launched closer to the plasma boundary. Taking into account the full gyro-orbit of particles while approaching the limiting surface, REORBIT finds slightly enhanced loss fraction.
Electromigration and electrical sintering in printed silver from high current at room temperature
Authors: Jung Uidam , Wagner Ryan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Improved understanding of the reliability and failure physics of metal nanoparticle conductive inks would facilitate their large-scale deployment across a range of flexible electronics applications. We conduct room-temperature electromigration experiments on printed silver nanoparticle conductive ink test devices. We observe significant variation in failure time, location, and structure during these tests and during post-failure analysis with optical and electron microscopy. We use in situ Atomic Force Microscopy measurements to track volume changes in the sample as a function of time. These measurements provide additional data and understanding of the failure process within printed silver nanoparticle conductive inks.
Agroforestry mapping using multi temporal hybrid CNN+LSTM framework with landsat 8 satellite imagery and google earth engine
Authors: Vincent M Jenila , Varalakshmi P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Agroforestry is indeed a traditional practice followed in tropical countries like India. About 28.43 million hectare area is used for agroforest cultivation. By 2050 India has the mission of increasing the area under agroforestry to 53 million hectares. In this study, we have made an effort to map the agroforest areas using the geospatial tools and hybrid deep learning techniques. The land utilized for cultivation and various agroforestry activities such as rubber, tea, coconut, and banana plantation were classified as forest canopy by the existing classifiers taking the tree canopy density as a parameter. In light of proposing a solution to the issue, we have put forth a multi temporal hybrid deep learning framework which is a fusion of convolutional neural network, a deep neural net and long short term memory network to classify agroforestry distinguishing it from the forest canopy using remote sensing data. The experimentation was carried out in the southern districts of India, and Landsat 8 imagery was used to classify the agroforestry of the study area that includes tea, banana, rubber, coconut, and crop lands. An efficient multi temporal hybrid deep learning framework was designed to classify the agroforest plantation distinguishing it from crop lands and forest clusters. The experimental results of multi temporal hybrid CNN+LSTM outperformed CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM model reducing the error rate with respective accuracy and kappa score of 98.23% and 0.88. The proposed method provides a benchmark to accurately classify and estimate the LULC, particularly mapping the agroforest plantation for other regions across the country.
Identification and prioritization of context-specific climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices in Ethiopia: a framework approach
Authors: Adimassu Zenebe , Tamene Lulseged , Tibebe Degefie , Ebrahim Mohammed , Abera Wuletawu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ethiopia’s diverse agroecological zones showcase a variety of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) Practices, yet the documentation and prioritization of best-bet practices have been lacking. To address this gap, this study utilized the Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS)-CSA Prioritization framework. This approach was deployed across nine key agro-ecologies in Ethiopia to identify and prioritize CSA practices based on the three pillars of CSA and gender-equity considerations. By employing this participatory framework, this study successfully identified and prioritized over 200 Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices within Ethiopia’s nine major agroecological zones. These practices were segmented into four main systems: crop management (40 practices), livestock management (41 practices), soil fertility management (40 practices), erosion control and water management (41 practices), and forest and agroforestry (40 practices). Notably, the results highlighted the significance of CSA practices linked to agroforestry/forestry management, rangeland/forage enhancement, exclosure strategies, and water management in addressing the goals associated with the three pillars (productivity, adaptation, mitigation) of CSA practices simultaneously. The findings also revealed that the majority of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices focused on improving productivity and enhancing adaptation to climate change. Additionally, the results demonstrated that trade-offs exist among the three pillars of CSA, emphasizing the need for integration with other practices to enhance complementarity and achieve all pillars simultaneously. Overall, this study underscores the importance of combining CSA practices of various categories to maximize their effectiveness and impact in sustainable agriculture.
An overview of additively manufactured metal matrix composites: preparation, performance, and challenge
Authors: Chen Liang-Yu , Qin Peng , Zhang Lina , Zhang Lai-Chang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are frequently employed in various advanced industries due to their high modulus and strength, favorable wear and corrosion resistance, and other good properties at elevated temperatures. In recent decades, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has garnered attention as a potential way for fabricating MMCs. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent endeavors and progress in AM of MMCs, encompassing available AM technologies, types of reinforcements, feedstock preparation, synthesis principles during the AM process, typical AM-produced MMCs, strengthening mechanisms, challenges, and future interests. Compared to conventionally manufactured MMCs, AM-produced MMCs exhibit more uniformly distributed reinforcements and refined microstructure, resulting in comparable or even better mechanical properties. In addition, AM technology can produce bulk MMCs with significantly low porosity and fabricate geometrically complex MMC components and MMC lattice structures. As reviewed, many AM-produced MMCs, such as Al matrix composites, Ti matrix composites, nickel matrix composites, Fe matrix composites, etc, have been successfully produced. The types and contents of reinforcements strongly influence the properties of AM-produced MMCs, the choice of AM technology, and the applied processing parameters. In these MMCs, four primary strengthening mechanisms have been identified: Hall–Petch strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. AM technologies offer advantages that enhance the properties of MMCs when compared with traditional fabrication methods. Despite the advantages above, further challenges of AM-produced MMCs are still faced, such as new methods and new technologies for investigating AM-produced MMCs, the intrinsic nature of MMCs coupled with AM technologies, and challenges in the AM processes. Therefore, the article concludes by discussing the challenges and future interests of AM of MMCs.
Fracturing pump head body failure analysis and improvement measures
Authors: Du Zhe , Xue Jijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The head body of fracturing pump is one of the most easily damaged parts in fracturing equipment. Due to its own structure and working environment, it is easy to cause stress concentration, fatigue cracking and other problems. The working time of a batch of fracturing pump head body used in an oilfield is more than 300 h, and the pump head body is designed by the manufacturer for the oilfield.In this paper, the five-cylinder fracturing pump head body of this batch of cracking occurred as the research object. Firstly, the macro fracture analysis, physical and chemical properties analysis and micro fracture analysis were carried out at the cracking place. Secondly, the finite element analysis and fatigue life analysis were carried out by using ANSYS Workbench software and nCode software to explore the cause of pump head cracking failure. The results show that the crack originates from the sharp corner of the outer corner and spreads to the inner cavity. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the pump head meet the requirements of the technical agreement. The grain size of the material does not meet the requirements of the technical agreement. The primary fracture morphology observed is indicative of fatigue streaking, while stress concentration can be identified at the location of this crack. There are two reasons for the cracking. First, the structure design is unreasonable and there is a large stress concentration at the cracking location. Second, the grain size of the material is large, resulting in a significant reduction in fatigue life, which is mainly related to the chemical composition of the material, forging process and heat treatment process, and ultimately lead to the pump head body cracking at the outside right Angle shoulder, expanding to the inner cavity, and cracking. According to the analysis results, the improvement measures of pump head body can improve the stress distribution and relieve fatigue. The results can provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of the pump head body.
Thermal modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of micro electric discharge machining of tungsten carbide (WC)
Authors: Ali Sohail , Ali Khan Wajid , Ali Hasnain 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tungsten carbide is a material that is widely used in tools and dies applications due to its high hardness, excellent toughness, and wear resistance. However, machining this material using conventional methods can be very challenging due to its exceptional properties. In such cases, electrical discharge machining can be used as an alternative method for machining this material. The aim of this study is to examine the thermal properties of EDM of tungsten carbide, both through finite element modeling and experimental conditions. The study aims to evaluate the temperature distribution in tungsten carbide during EDM die sinking. This is accomplished by drilling 0.5 mm diameter and 1 mm deep micro holes using micro-drilling processes. Seven experiments were performed using an EDM die-sinking machine, and a 3D axis symmetrical model was created and simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics heat transfer module. The temperature profile of tungsten carbide material during a single spark machining was obtained by considering only 30% of energy in the form of Gaussian distribution that gets transferred to the workpiece. The temperature profile of this model was then used to estimate the material removal rate. By comparing the numerical and experimental results, it was found that there was only a 4.8% average percentage error, indicating very close agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The findings suggest that the finite element method of the COMSOL Multiphysics heat transfer module can accurately predict and simulate the real-time results of EDM machining. These results could be useful for EDM machine operators for pre-estimating MRR and maximum temperatures before proceeding with the actual machining.
Modelling and optimization of fabrication parameters for multi-walled carbon nanotubes-filled GFRP composites using RSM and Rao-1 algorithm
Authors: Ch Rajeswari , Punna Eshwaraiah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study presents an optimized approach for fabricating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) composites using hybrid optimization approach. The experimental runs performed as per Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) by considering three fabrication parameters: MWCNT loading, sonication time (ST), and oven curing temperature (OCT), and the output response, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is noted. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to ascertain the significance of the effects that each factor has on UTS and found fabrication variables, OCT, and combined effects of ST and OCT are most significant. Other variables, direct effects of MWCNT loading, interaction effects of all three combinations have influence on UTS. Mathematical modeling is postulated using RSM from which contour plots are drawn to illustrate both direct and interactive effects and reveal fabrication parameters have detrimental effects on UTS. The mathematical equation of UTS is then solved by Rao-1 optimization algorithm and obtained condition is: 1.0% of MWCNT loading, 97.5 min of sonication time, and 76 °C of oven curing temperature and corresponding UTS of 624 MPa. SEM analysis has also been performed to verify the distribution of MWCNTs in the GFRP and observed uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the developed composite. A confirmatory test validates the predicted optimal fabrication condition derived from the RSM combined with Rao-1 algorithm, ensuring that the methodology has ability to enhance the UTS of MWCNTs-embedded GFRP composites.