bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of abortion using three‐dimensional ultrasound volumetry of the gestational sac and the amniotic sac in threatened abortion
Authors: Odeh Marwan , Ophir Ella , Grinin Vitaly , Tendler Rene , Kais Mohamad , Bornstein Jacob 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose.To determine whether gestational sac volume (GSV) or amniotic sac volume (ASV) and/or the difference between them can predict abortion in women with first‐trimester threatened abortion.Methods.Ninety patients between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation presenting with vaginal bleeding were studied. Seventy‐six delivered after 24 weeks of gestation (group A) and 14 aborted before 20 weeks of gestation (group B). All patients had a singleton viable pregnancy demonstrated by transvaginal ultrasound. Gestational sac and amniotic sac volumes were measured in all the patients using three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound with Virtual Organ Computer‐aided Analysis software, and the gestational sac volume − amniotic sac volume (GSV − ASV) was calculated.Results.The groups did not differ in terms of age, parity, number of previous abortions, or term deliveries. The GSV (group A: mean 32.0 ± 27.7 cm3; group B: 26.7 ± 29.1 cm3) and the ASV (group A: 21.1 ± 25.5 cm3; group B: 20.6 ± 26.0 cm3) were not statistically different, while the GSV − ASV was significantly smaller in group B (aborting before week 20) (group A: 10.9 ± 10.9 cm3; group B: 6.1 ± 8.6 cm3; p < 0.05). Using receiver operator curves, the area under the curve for predicting normal pregnancy outcome of the GSV − ASV measurement was 0.654. When the GSV − ASV was 1.8 cm3 or less, abortion was predicted with 84% sensitivity and 43% specificity.Conclusions.The measurement of the GSV and the ASV are not good predictors of abortion in patients with first‐trimester vaginal bleeding, whereas the use of the GSV − ASV may be helpful in predicting the outcome of pregnancy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:389–393, 2012
Uterus‐like mass involving the appendix: Us and CT findings
Authors: Kim Hyun Cheol , Yang Dal Mo , Kim Sang Won , Kim Gou Young , Choi Sung Il , Park Seong Jin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUterus‐like mass is a rare extrauterine mass composed of a central cavity lined by endometrium and surrounding smooth muscle. Uterus‐like mass has frequently been reported in the ovary, but has rarely been found in extraovarian regions. We report a case of uterus‐like mass involving the appendix in a woman who presented with right lower abdominal pain indistinguishable from acute appendicitis. Sonography revealed a heterogeneous mass of mixed echogenicity with inner cystic change, abutting the appendix. CT depicted an enhanced mass with inner cystic change abutting the appendix. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:518–521, 2012
Induction of Ovarian Maturation in Penaeus monodon by Molecular Signal Interventional Approach
Authors: Devaraj Halagowder , Saravanakumar Marimuthu , Thiyagu Mani 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in the hepatopancreas and ovary is negatively regulated by vitellogenesis‐inhibiting hormone (VIH) produced in the neurosecretory cell of X‐organ/sinus gland complex of the eyestalks of penaeid shrimp. Eyestalk ablation is used commercially to induce ovarian maturation in shrimps which leads to an eventual loss of the spawner. The aim of the present study was to understand the molecular mechanism of VIH regulation in ovarian development and its inhibition of VTG gene expression by using a MEK‐specific inhibitor (U0126). The real‐time quantitative PCR results showed VTG mRNA level was progressively increased in the ovary and hepatopancreas of unilateral eyestalk‐ablated and inhibitor‐treated shrimps. Western blot analysis also showed that phosphoMEK was detected only in the unilateral eyestalk‐ablated and control shrimp, whereas phospho‐MEK was not detected in inhibitor‐treated shrimp. DAX‐1, SF‐1, and StAR expression correlated with changes in VIH mRNA and altered phospho‐ERK levels. This is consistent with the hypothesis that suppression of DAX‐1 results in SF‐1‐mediated StAR protein upregulation of estradiol that is implicated in vitellogenesis. This is the first report that demonstrates the molecular mechanism of VIH suppression via MEK pathway to induce ovarian maturation in female Penaeus monodon by molecular signal intervention, a less‐invasive method than traditional eyestalk ablation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:572–585, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shape analysis of odontocete mandibles: Functional and evolutionary implications
Authors: Barroso Celia , Cranford, Ted W. , Berta Annalisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOdontocete mandibles serve multiple functions, including feeding and hearing. We consider that these two major functions have their primary influence in different parts of the mandibles: the anterior feeding component and the posterior sound reception component, though these divisions are not mutually exclusive. One hypothesis is that sound enters the hearing apparatus via the pan bone of the posterior mandibles (Norris, Evolution and Environment,1968, pp 297–324). Another viewpoint, based on finite element models, suggests that sound enters primarily through the gular region and the opening created by the absent medial lamina of the posterior mandibles. This unambiguous link between form and function has catalyzed this study, which uses Geometric Morphometrics to quantify mandibular shape across all major lineages of Odontoceti. The majority of shape variation was found in the anterior (feeding) region: Jaw Flare (45.0%) and Symphysis Elongation (35.5%). Shape differences in the mandibular foramen, within the posterior (sound reception) region, also accounted for a small portion of the total variation (10.9%). The mandibles are an integral component of the sound reception apparatus in toothed whales and the geometry of the mandibular foramen likely plays a role in hearing. Furthermore, model goodness‐of‐fit tests indicate that mandibular foramina shapes, which appear conserved, evolved under a selective regime, possibly driven by sound reception requirements across Odontoceti. J. Morphol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postnatal long bone growth in terrestrial placental mammals: Allometry, life history, and organismal traits
Authors: Kilbourne Brandon M. , Makovicky Peter J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe ontogenetic allometry of long bone proportions is poorly understood in Mammalia. It has previously been suggested that during mammalian ontogeny long bone proportions grow more slender (positive allometry; length ∝ circumference>1.0), although this conclusion was based upon data from a few small‐bodied taxa. It remains unknown how ontogenetic long bone allometry varies across Mammalia in terms of both taxonomy and body size. We collected long bone length and circumference data for ontogenetic samples of 22 species of mammals spanning six major clades and three orders of magnitude in body mass. Using reduced major axis bivariate regressions to compare bone length to circumference, we found that isometry and positive allometry are the most widespread patterns of growth across mammals. Negative allometry (i.e., bones growing more robust during ontogeny) occurs in mammals but is largely restricted to cetartiodactyls. Using regression slope as a proxy for long bone allometry, we compared long bone allometry to life history and organismal traits. Neonatal body mass, adult body mass, and growth rate have a negative relationship with long bone allometry. At an adult mass of roughly 15–20 kg, long bone growth shifts from positive allometry to mainly isometry and negative allometry. There were no significant relationships between ontogenetic long bone allometry and either cursoriality or basal metabolic rate. J. Morphol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ring bands in fish skeletal muscle: Reorienting the myofibrils and microtubule cytoskeleton within a single cell
Authors: Priester Carolina , Braude Jeremy P. , Morton Lindsay C. , Kinsey Stephen T. , Watanabe Wade O. , Dillaman Richard M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSkeletal muscle cells (fibers) contract by shortening their parallel subunits, the myofibrils. Here we show a novel pattern of myofibril orientation in white muscle fibers of large black sea bass, Centropristis striata. Up to 48% of the white fibers in fish >1168 g had peripheral myofibrils undergoing an ∼90o shift in orientation. The resultant ring band wrapped the middle of the muscle fibers and was easily detected with polarized light microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the reoriented myofibrils shared the cytoplasm with the central longitudinal myofibrils. A microtubule network seen throughout the fibers surrounded nuclei but was mostly parallel to the long‐axis of the myofibrils. In the ring band portion of the fibers the microtubule cytoskeleton also shifted orientation. Sarcolemmal staining with anti‐synapsin was the same in fibers with or without ring bands, suggesting that fibers with ring bands have normal innervation and contractile function. The ring bands appear to be related to body‐mass or age, not fiber size, and also vary along the body, being more frequent at the midpoint of the anteroposterior axis. Similar structures have been reported in different taxa and appear to be associated with hypercontraction of fibers not attached to a rigid structure (bone) or with fibers with unusually weak links between the sarcolemma and cytoskeleton, as in muscular dystrophy. Fish muscle fibers are attached to myosepta, which are flexible and may allow for fibers to hypercontract and thus form ring bands. The consequences of such a ring band pattern might be to restrict the further expansion of the sarcolemma and protect it from further mechanical stress. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial organization of tettigoniid auditory receptors: Insights from neuronal tracing
Authors: Strauß Johannes , Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Lehmann Arne W. , Lakes‐Harlan Reinhard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe auditory sense organ of Tettigoniidae (Insecta, Orthoptera) is located in the foreleg tibia and consists of scolopidial sensilla which form a row termed crista acustica. The crista acustica is associated with the tympana and the auditory trachea. This ear is a highly ordered, tonotopic sensory system. As the neuroanatomy of the crista acustica has been documented for several species, the most distal somata and dendrites of receptor neurons have occasionally been described as forming an alternating or double row. We investigate the spatial arrangement of receptor cell bodies and dendrites by retrograde tracing with cobalt chloride solution. In six tettigoniid species studied, distal receptor neurons are consistently arranged in double‐rows of somata rather than a linear sequence. This arrangement of neurons is shown to affect 30–50% of the overall auditory receptors. No strict correlation of somata positions between the anterio‐posterior and dorso‐ventral axis was evident within the distal crista acustica. Dendrites of distal receptors occasionally also occur in a double row or are even massed without clear order. Thus, a substantial part of auditory receptors can deviate from a strictly straight organization into a more complex morphology. The linear organization of dendrites is not a morphological criterion that allows hearing organs to be distinguished from nonhearing sense organs serially homologous to ears in all species. Both the crowded arrangement of receptor somata and dendrites may result from functional constraints relating to frequency discrimination, or from developmental constraints of auditory morphogenesis in postembryonic development. J. Morphol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exogenous phytoestrogenic molecule icaritin incorporated into a porous scaffold for enhancing bone defect repair
Authors: Wang Xin‐Luan , Xie Xin‐Hui , Zhang Ge , Chen Shi‐Hui , Yao Dong , He Kai , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Leng Yang , Fung Kwok‐Pui , Leung Kwok‐Sui , Qin Ling 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was designed to develop a bioactive scaffold to enhance bone defect repair in steroid‐associated osteonecrosis (SAON). Icaritin, a metabolite of the herb Epimedium, has been identified as an angiogenic and osteogenic phytomolecule. Icaritin was homogenized into poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP) to form an icaritin‐releasing porous composite scaffold (PLGA/TCP/icaritin) by fine‐spinning technology. In vitro, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the release of icaritin during degradation of PLGA/TCP/icaritin. The osteogenic effects of PLGA/TCP/icaritin were evaluated using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, the osteogenic effect of PLGA/TCP/icaritin was determined within a bone tunnel after core decompression in SAON rabbits and angiography within scaffolds was examined in rabbit muscle pouch model. In vitro study confirmed the sustainable release of icaritin from PLGA/TCP/icaritin with the bioactive scaffold promoting the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs. In vivo study showed that PLGA/TCP/icaritin significantly promoted new bone formation within the bone defect after core decompression in SAON rabbits and enhanced neovascularization in the rabbit muscle pouch experiment. In conclusion, PLGA/TCP/icaritin is an innovative local delivery system that demonstrates sustainable release of osteogenic phytomolecule icaritin enhancing bone repair in an SAON rabbit model. The supplement of scaffold materials with bioactive phytomolecule(s) might improve treatment efficiency in challenging orthopedic conditions. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:164–172, 2012
Trajectories of PTSD symptoms following sexual assault: Is resilience the modal outcome?
Authors: Steenkamp Maria M. , Dickstein Benjamin D. , Salters‐Pedneault Kristalyn , Hofmann Stefan G. , Litz Brett T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTheoretical frameworks positing qualitatively distinct trajectories of posttrauma outcome have received initial empirical support, but have not been investigated in cases of severe interpersonal trauma. To address this limitation, we conducted latent class growth analysis with longitudinal data collected from 119 female sexual assault survivors at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐months postassault. Participants' mean age was 33 years; 63% were White. We hypothesized that given the severity of exposure associated with sexual assault, resilience would not be the modal course of adaptation. Four distinct PTSD growth trajectories, representing unique latent classes of participants, best fit the data: a high chronic trajectory, a moderate chronic trajectory, a moderate recovery trajectory, and a marked recovery trajectory. Contrary to previous studies and recent theoretical models, resilience and resistance trajectories were not observed, as high levels of distress were evident in nearly all participants at 1‐month postassault. These results suggest that theoretical models of posttrauma response positing resilience as the modal outcome may not generalize to cases of sexual assault.
Stabilization of Peptide‐Based Vesicles via in situ Oxygen‐Mediated Cross‐Linking
Authors: Sulistio Adrian , Blencowe Anton , Wang Jiapei , Bryant Gary , Zhang Xiaoqing , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReversible vesicles from poly(L‐glutamic acid)65‐block‐poly[(L‐lysine)‐ran‐(L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine)]75 [PLGA65‐b‐P(LL‐r‐DOPA)75] block copolypeptide adopt different configurations depending on the surrounding pH. At pH = 3, AFM and TEM images show ellipsoidal morphologies, whereas at pH = 12 both TEM and AFM reveal the formation of hollow vesicles. At pH = 12, the P(LL‐r‐DOPA) block forms the internal layer of the vesicle shell and the subsequent oxygen‐mediated oxidation of the phenolic groups of the DOPA lead to the formation of quinonic intermediates, which undergo intermolecular dimerization to stabilize the vesicles via in situ cross‐linking. Consequently, the vesicles maintain their shape even when the pH is reversed back to 3, as confirmed by AFM and TEM. magnified image
Flexible Superhydrophobic Polymeric Surfaces with Micro‐/Nanohybrid Structures Using Black Silicon
Authors: Lee Sang Eon , Lee Dongjin , Lee Phillip , Ko Seung Hwan , Lee Seung S. , Hong Seong Uk 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel way to fabricate flexible superhydrophobic PDMS surfaces using a microfabricated SU‐8 template on black silicon is demonstrated. The SU‐8 mold is fabricated on top of black silicon that has nanoscale features. The static water contact angle is generally 7° larger on PDMS surfaces created on black silicon than on bare silicon, presumably due to the presence of nanoscale bumps. The highest static contact angle of 157° and the lowest contact angle hysteresis of 3° are obtained on molded PDMS surfaces with the cylindrical posts possessing a diameter of 40 µm, spacing distance of 10 µm, and height of greater than 15 µm. The fabrication of superhydrophobic PDMS surfaces by means of black silicon is highly reproducible and may be suitable for many applications.magnified image
Mechanical Performance of Injection‐Molded Poly(propylene): Characterization and Modeling
Authors: van Erp Tim B. , Govaert Leon E. , Peters Gerrit W. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt is shown that predictions of local mechanical properties in a product can be made from the orientation only using an anisotropic viscoplastic model. Due to processing‐induced crystalline orientations, the mechanical properties of injection‐molded polymer products are anisotropic and exhibit strong variations within a product. The tensile response and the mechanical lifetime under static loading depend strongly on the direction of loading and the location. The deformation kinetics are described with an anisotropic viscoplastic model, and quantitative predictions are made based on coupling of the orientation factor in direction of loading and model parameters. A limited characterization of the morphology within a product is sufficient to determine its local mechanical performance.magnified image
Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylonitrile in the Presence of Poly(propylene glycol): Kinetics and Modeling
Authors: Li Li , Wu Linbo , Bu Zhiyang , Gong Cheng , Li Bo‐Geng , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA heterogeneous polymerization model, including an initial solution polymerization model and a later two‐phase polymerization model, is developed to describe graft free‐radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of poly(propylene glycol). The diffusion‐controlled termination, initiation, propagation, and transfer in the dispersed phase are considered reasonably. The model describes the polymeriztion kinetics well. The main polymerization locus shifts from the continuous phase into the dispersed phase at monomer conversion of ≈0.03–0.05, leading to sharp increase in polymerization rate and molecular weight, decrease in graft efficiency and broadening of the MWD.magnified image
Effect of Cocatalyst in Ethylene/Styrene Copolymerization by Aryloxo‐Modified Half‐Titanocene–Cocatalyst Systems for Exclusive Synthesis of Copolymers at High Styrene Concentrations
Authors: Nomura Kotohiro , Suzuki Naohiro , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Hyun Joon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFactors affecting the product distributions in ethylene/styrene copolymerizations catalyzed by Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3) are explored in the presence of various cocatalysts at high styrene/ethylene feed ratios (at 40 and 55 °C). Ethylene/styrene copolymers were the sole product when the reactions were conducted in the presence of [PhN(H)Me2][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3/Al(octyl)3 even at 55 and 70 °C, whereas syndiotactic polystyrene was by‐produced when the polymerizations were performed at >40 °C in the presence of MAO; the ratios of the copolymer/SPS were affected by the reaction temperature as well as Al cocatalyst employed.magnified image
Genetics and epigenetics of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Tomlinson Gail E. , Kappler Roland 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA number of unique genetic features are observed in hepatoblastoma that have provided insights into the origins of hepatoblastoma. Hallmark cytogenetic changes in hepatoblastoma include the acquisition of additional copies of whole chromosomes and a recurring unbalanced translocation involving 1q. Genetic syndromes are associated with approximately 15% of hepatoblastoma and the understanding and recognition of these syndromes will be important in determining future surveillance studies needed to prevent additional cancers in survivors as well as in some case guide the care of family members. This article will review the genetic changes, both germ line and acquired, that are recurring events in hepatoblastoma, with emphasis on how these genetic changes could work together with other developmental factors and influence cancer predisposition, tumor growth, as well as aid in prognosis. Tumor‐specific signatures based on transcriptional or epigenetic alterations will be reviewed that might be used in the future to better diagnose and subtype the disease as well as predict prognosis and response to therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 785–792. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An optimization method with experimental validation for the design of extrusion wire coating dies for a range of different materials and operating conditions
Authors: Lebaal N. , Puissant S. , Schmidt F.M. , Schläfli D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe objective of this article is to determine a wire coating‐hanger melt distributor geometry to ensure a homogenous exit velocity distribution that will best accommodate a wide material range and multiple operating conditions (i.e., die wall temperature and flow rate change). The computational approach incorporates finite element (FE) analysis to evaluate the performance of a die design and includes a nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm based on the Kriging interpolation and sequential quadratic programming algorithm to update the die geometry. Two optimization problems are then solved, and the best solution is taken into account to manufacture the optimal distributor. The Taguchi method is used to investigate the effect of the operating conditions, i.e., melt and die wall temperature, flow rate and material change, on the velocity distribution for the optimal die. In the example chosen, the wire coating die geometry is optimized by taking into account the geometrical limitations imposed by the tool geometry. Finally, the FE analysis and optimization results are validated by comparison with the experimental data obtained with the optimal die. The purpose of the experiments described below is to investigate the effect of material change. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers