bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iProstate, a mathematical predictive model‐based, 3D‐rendering tool to visualize the location and extent of prostate cancer
Authors: Rodriguez Juan , Sabater Jose‐Maria , Ruiz Jose‐Luis , Soto Ana , Garcia Nicolas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer is the most common non‐cutaneous cancer in men. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a mainstay of treatment for organ‐confined prostate cancer. Preoperatively, the process of planning RP is based on local stage and precisely defines the location and size of disease within the prostate. Nowadays, there is no technology that can accurately map prostate cancer within the gland. Hence, urologists rely mainly on information provided by histopathological examination of biopsy cores, but this information does not accurately locate or stage prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide the surgeon with a 3D visualization tool capable of showing the location and extent of tumour within the prostate.MethodsTo perform this task, an application named iProstate, which makes use of four different mathematical predictive models that use biopsy cores information, was developed. These predictive models were trained with 277 clinical reports from patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Two sets of data from the patient reports were used to train the predictive models, the first containing the lengths of the biopsy cores and the tumour percentages of the biopsy cores information, and the second containing the lengths of the biopsy cores, tumour percentages of the biopsy cores, Gleason score, PSA and gland volume information.ResultsMultilayer Perceptron was the predictive model that scored the better results, giving a better approximation in the prediction of location and extent of tumour in the prostatic gland. Gleason score, PSA and gland volume proved to be important variables for the training of the predictive model.ConclusionsThe application was able to perform predictions of the location and extent of tumour that were very close to the real location and extent of tumour observed in the whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens, therefore its implementation in clinical assessment and follow‐up should be considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hydrodynamic investigation of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd selection at the riffle scale
Authors: Marchildon M.A. , Annable W.K. , Power M. , Imhof J.G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTHigh‐resolution velocity profile measurements were taken over a series of riffles on a gravel‐bed stream using a Pulse Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler (PCADP) to quantify the fluid structure of riffles and nests (redds) where brown trout(Salmo trutta)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)spawned. Velocity profiles were obtained on a highly discretized planometric scale ranging between 20 and 40 cm grid spacings, with vertical observations occurring every 1.6 cm. From the velocity profiles, between 15 000 and 38 000 velocity measurements were obtained over each riffle on any given day of measurement. Velocity profiles were converted to streamwise velocity magnitude, flow depth, Reynolds number, Froude number, shear stress, vertical velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy per unit area to evaluate the spatial structure of the riffles and the spatial structure of redds (pits and tailspills) relative to the surrounding riffle structure. Semi‐variograms were employed to evaluate the persistence of the fluid structure based upon the metrics evaluated.Results showed that discrete velocity observations poorly described the spatial structure of the flow system and poorly correlated with redd locations. Reynolds number analysis identified a relatively consistent fluid property for distances typically 2–3 times the longitudinal length of redds. Turbulent kinetic energy per unit area consistently identified common regions on all riffles studied that corresponded with the location selections for redds where flow was identified as essentially uni‐directional. Froude number was found to be insensitive in predicting the fluid spatial structure in wadeable flow depths and relating it to the fluid structure of redds. Results indicated that a series of metrics at varying spatial scales of turbulence may be necessary to understand the spatial complexity of redd selection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Coordination Polymers of Metal(II) Succinates with 4‐Aminopyridine: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Demir Selçuk , Kaya Günay 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFour novel divalent transitional metal succinates (suc) with 4‐aminopyridine (apy), [M(apy)2(H2O)2(μ‐suc)]n [M = Ni (1), Co (2)] and [M(apy)2(H2O)(suc)] [M = Cu (3), Zn (4)] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG‐DTA analyses. The single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 1 revealed that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcab and that it is a 1D coordination polymer. The suc molecule acts as a bis‐monodentate bridging ligand whereas apy coordinates to the NiII ions only through its pyridine nitrogen atoms. The chains are connected by OH–O hydrogen bonds into 2D networks. Compound 4 emits intense fluorescence at 380 nm and intense violet fluorescence at 418 nm, upon excitation at 310 and 350 nm, respectively.
GATA Factors in Gastrointestinal Malignancy
Authors: Ayanbule Funmi , Belaguli Narasimhaswamy S. , Berger David H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGATA factors are unique transcription factors with conserved DNA‐binding domains. They serve diverse roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation, regulation of tissue‐specific genes, and carcinogenesis. The subfamily GATA‐4, ‐5, and ‐6 are highly expressed in endoderm‐derived organs and regulate multiple gut‐specific genes. Multiple studies have analyzed the role of GATA factors in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy, such as those of the stomach, pancreas, and colon, and premalignant lesions such as Barrett’s esophagus. The GATA factors appear to have distinct roles in regulating key genes involved in GI malignancy. Understanding the precise role of GATA factors in malignancy may lead to the development of effective molecular targets for cancer therapy.
Mixed bumblebee and blowfly pollination of Cypripedium flavum (Orchidaceae) in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zheng Guiling , Li Peng , Pemberton Robert , Luo Yibo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost Cypripedium species are specialized orchids pollinated by, in a broad sense, bees or flies. Here we present the first evidence that a slipper orchid, Cypripedium flavum, is pollinated by both bees and flies, i.e., bumblebees and blowflies. Artificial pollination experiments demonstrated that the flowers of C. flavum are self‐compatible, but need pollen vectors for successful reproduction. Field observations detected 25 insects visiting the flowers, and 14 of these insects entered into the labellum of the flowers, but only female bumblebees, Bombus hypnorum, B. remotus, and the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria exited of the labellum with pollen smears of C. flavum. The floral functional morphology of C. flavum appears to be more suited to bumblebees than to blowflies. The bumblebees are more efficient pollinators of the orchid, but blowflies are more frequent visitors, so they pollinated more flowers despite being less efficient.
Effects of mixed‐species pollen load on fruits, seeds, and seedlings of two sympatric columnar cactus species
Authors: Petit Sophie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo sympatric species of columnar cacti on Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, share bat pollinators, overlap in flowering phenology, and are floral homologues. Leptonycteris curasoae curasoae and Glossophaga longirostris elongata (Chiroptera: Glossophaginae) visit flowers of Stenocereus (syn. Ritterocereus) griseus and Subpilocereus (syn. Cereus) repandus on the same nights; these visits may promote interference competition between cactus species. I studied the effect of heterospecific (mixed) pollen loads on fruit and seed set, fruit and seed size and mass, germinated seeds at 5 weeks, and seedling survival at 7 months in relation to hand pollination with intraspecific pollen and natural pollination. Hand pollination seemed to limit pollen loads available for pollination. Under these conditions, natural pollination tended to produce the most fruits and seeds, and the largest fruits (but lightest seeds); mixed pollination was the least effective treatment (fruit set was significantly greater for St. griseus in natural than mixed pollination; fruit volume was greater in natural than mixed pollination for S. repandus, and seed number and fruit mass were larger in intraspecific than in mixed pollination). Aspects of natural pollination, possibly repeated visits, compensated for the negative impact of interspecific pollen loads under pollen limitation, with positive impacts on the carrying capacity of cacti for frugivores. Seed mass from natural pollination was negatively correlated with seed number only for St. griseus. Germination success was not correlated with seed mass, but seedling survival at 7 months was for S. repandus. The two species do not seem to compete through pollen interference when pollinator visits are relatively frequent.
Association of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variants with multiple phenotype domains of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Campbell Daniel B. , Datta Dibyadeep , Jones Shaine T. , Batey Lee Evon , Sutcliffe James S. , Hammock Elizabeth A. D. , Levitt Pat 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by core deficits in social behavior, communication, and behavioral flexibility. Several lines of evidence indicate that oxytocin, signaling through its receptor (OXTR), is important in a wide range of social behaviors. In attempts to determine whether genetic variations in the oxytocin signaling system contribute to ASD susceptibility, seven recent reports indicated association of common genetic polymorphisms in the OXTR gene with ASD. Each involved relatively small sample sizes (57 to 436 families) and, where it was examined, failed to identify association of OXTR polymorphisms with measures of social behavior in individuals with ASD. We report genetic association analysis of 25 markers spanning the OXTR locus in 1,238 pedigrees including 2,333 individuals with ASD. Association of three markers previously implicated in ASD susceptibility, rs2268493 (P = 0.043), rs1042778 (P = 0.037), and rs7632287 (P = 0.016), was observed. Further, these genetic markers were associated with multiple core ASD phenotypes, including social domain dysfunction, measured by standardized instruments used to diagnose and describe ASD. The data suggest association of OXTR genetic polymorphisms with ASD, although the results should be interpreted with caution because none of the significant associations would survive appropriate correction for multiple comparisons. However, the current findings of association in a large independent cohort are consistent with previous results, and the biological plausibility of participation of the oxytocin signaling system in modulating social disruptions characteristic of ASD, suggest that functional polymorphisms of OXTR may contribute to ASD risk in a subset of families.
Knowledge, money and data: an integrated account of the evolution of eight types of laboratory
Authors: VAN ROOIJ ARJAN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper aims to build an integrated account of the history of twentieth-century laboratories. The historical literature is fragmented, which has led to the impression that one type of laboratory has dominated, or has become more important than other types. The university laboratory has also unjustly shaped the conceptualization of other types of laboratory. This paper approaches laboratories as sites of organized knowledge production, and as entities engaged in different activities for different audiences at any point in time. Eight types of laboratory are identified, and their developments in the twentieth century are sketched. The two world wars of that century and models of innovation, building links between knowledge production in the laboratory and the impact of this knowledge outside the laboratory, are important catalysts of this history. The paper underlines that different types of laboratory have existed side by side, and continue to exist side by side.
Distinct effects of oleic acid and itstrans-isomer elaidic acid on the expression of myokines and adipokines in cell models
Authors: Granados Nuria , Amengual Jaume , Ribot Joan , Palou Andreu , Luisa Bonet M. 
Published: January 2011

Trans-fatty acids (TFA) andcis-monounsaturated fat appear to exert detrimental and beneficial effects, respectively, on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are a source of signalling proteins (adipokines and myokines), some of which have been related to the control of insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the possible differential effects of elaidic acid (EA;trans-9-18 : 1) – the major component in industrially produced TFA – and oleic acid (OA;cis-9-18 : 1) – itscis-isomer naturally present in food – on cellular glucose uptake and the expression of selected myokines and adipokines using cell models. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with the vehicle (control cells) or fatty acids for 24 h, after which basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and the expression of selected signalling proteins were measured. In C2C12 myotubes, pretreatment with OA, but not with EA, led to increased insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and IL-6 expression levels, while pretreatment with EA, but not with OA, led to reduced IL-15 mRNA levels and increased TNF-α expression levels. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, exposure to OA, but not to EA, resulted in reduced resistin gene expression and increased adiponectin gene expression. The results show evidence of distinct, direct effects of OA and EA on muscle glucose uptake and the expression of target myokines and adipokines, thus suggesting novel mechanisms by whichcis- andtrans-monounsaturated fat may differentially affect systemic functions.
Food and nutrient intakes of French frequent seafood consumers with regard to fish consumption recommendations: results from the CALIPSO study
Authors: Sirot Véronique , Dumas Céline , Leblanc Jean-Charles , Margaritis Irène 
Published: January 2011

Besides providing n-3 fatty acids with nutritional and health benefits, seafood consumption may contribute to the reduction of nutrient prevalences of inadequacy. To evaluate the contributions of seafood and other food groups to nutrient intakes of frequent seafood consumers, food consumption was evaluated through an FFQ on 991 French men and women (18–81 years) consuming seafood at least twice a week. Intakes, prevalence of inadequacies, risks of upper limit excess and food contributions to intakes were assessed for thirty-three nutrients. Mean fat contributions to total energy intakes (38·3 and 39·0 % for men and women, respectively) met French recommendations, but mean carbohydrate intakes (40·9 and 39·7 %, respectively) were insufficient. Micronutrient inadequacies were lower than in the French general population, the highest being for vitamin C (41·3 and 40·1 % for men and women, respectively), vitamin E (35·0 and 35·3 % for men and women, respectively) and Mg (37·5 and 25·5 % for men and women, respectively). Upper safety limits (USL) were exceeded mostly for Zn (6·2 %), Ca (3·7 %), retinol (2·0 %) and Cu (0·9 %). Mean contributions of seafood to vitamin D, B12, I and Se intakes ranged 40–65 %. Molluscs and crustaceans significantly contributed to vitamin B12 (13·7 %), Cu (11·4 %), Fe (11·5 %), Zn (8·4 %) and I (6·1 %) intakes, and canned fish contributed to vitamin D intake (13·4 %). Besides fish, contributions of mollusc and crustacean consumption to nutrient intakes should be considered from a public health viewpoint. Consuming seafood at least twice a week induces moderate inadequacies and risks of exceeding USL for some micronutrients, whereas macronutrient intakes remained imbalanced.
Changes in dietary folate intake differentially affect oxidised lipid and mitochondrial DNA damage in various brain regions of rats in the absence/presence of intracerebroventricularly injected amyloid β-peptide challenge
Authors: Chen Ta-Fu , Chiu Ming-Jang , Huang Chou-Tz , Tang Ming-Chi , Wang Sue-Jane , Wang Chia-Chuan , Syu Huang Rwei-Fen 
Published: January 2011

Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in dietary folate intake may modulate the risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through as yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of the present study were to investigate how dietary folate affects the brain folate distribution, levels of oxidised lipid and DNA damage in the absence/presence of β-amyloid(25–35)(Aβ) peptide challenge, a pathogenic hallmark of AD. Male Wistar rats were assigned to diets with folic acid at 0 (folate deprivation; FD), 8 (moderate folate; MF) and 8 mg folic acid/kg diet+0·003 % in drinking-water (folate supplementation; FS) for 4 weeks. A single injection of Aβ peptide (1 mg/ml) or the vehicle solution was intracerebroventricularly (icv) administrated to rats a week before killing. Brain folate, a marker of oxidative injury, and neuronal death were assayed. In the absence of an Aβ injection, FD rats showed reduced folate levels, and increased 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and a mitochondrial (mt)DNA 4834 bp large deletion (mtDNA4834deletion) in the hippocampus compared with the counterpart brains of control rats (P < 0·05). A single icv injection of Aβ peptide potentiated lipid peroxidation in the medulla of FD rats, which was ameliorated by feeding FD rats with the MF and FS diets (P < 0·05). Feeding the FS diet to Aβ-injected rats enriched brain folate levels and reduced mtDNA4834deletion in the hippocampal and medullary regions compared with corresponding tissues of Aβ+FD rats (P < 0·05). Aβ+FS rats had reduced rates of neuronal death in the frontal cortex compared with Aβ+FD rats (P < 0·05). Taken together, our data revealed that folate deprivation differentially depleted brain folate levels, and increased lipid peroxidation and mtDNA4834deletions, particularly, in the hippocampus. Upon Aβ challenge, the FS diet may protect various brain regions against lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial genotoxicity and neural death associated with folate deprivation.
Fitness trade-off in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) between insecticide resistance and vulnerability to parasitoid attack at several spatial scales
Authors: Foster S.P. , Denholm I. , Poppy G.M. , Thompson R. , Powell W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInsecticide-resistant clones of the peach-potato aphid,Myzus persicae(Sulzer), have previously been shown to have a reduced response to aphid alarm pheromone compared to susceptible ones. The resulting vulnerability of susceptible and resistant aphids to attack by the primary endoparasitoid,Diaeretiella rapae(McIntosh), was investigated across three spatial scales. These scales ranged from aphids confined on individual leaves exposed to single female parasitoids, to aphids on groups of whole plants exposed to several parasitoids. In all experiments, significantly fewer aphids from insecticide-susceptible clones became parasitised compared to insecticide-resistant aphids. Investigations of aphid movement showed at the largest spatial scale that more susceptible aphids than resistant aphids moved from their inoculation leaves to other leaves on the same plant after exposure to parasitoids. The findings imply that parasitoids, and possibly other natural enemies, can influence the evolution and dynamics of insecticide resistance through pleiotropic effects of resistance genes on important behavioural traits.
Potential impacts of climate change on marine wild capture fisheries: an update
Authors: PERRY R. I. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper provides a brief update on the potential impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and marine wild capture fisheries based on the scientific literature published since 2007. Current models predict shifts in fish distributions of 45–60 km per decade, with 0·80 of species moving poleward. With a high CO2 emissions scenario, little overall change in the global maximum potential fisheries catch is projected (±1%), although with high spatial variability: decreases of 40% are projected for the tropics, with increases of 30–70% for higher latitudes. Tropical nations appear to be most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on fisheries production. Coupled atmosphere–ocean–fish production–human society models are beginning to be developed for specific market systems. Results suggest that how society responds can have as large or larger an effect as the strength of the climate impact. Good observations of the impacts of climate change exist for high latitude, coral reef and North Atlantic systems. Management strategies are being developed to address climate change and fisheries, including risk and vulnerability assessment frameworks, pro-active planning with stakeholders regarding potential impacts and responses and examining existing regulations to identify gaps created by altered species distributions (e.g. unregulated fishing in newly ice-free areas). Overall, fisheries governance systems are needed which are flexible and can quickly adapt to changing ecological and human societal conditions. Significant knowledge gaps include a comprehensive and co-ordinated global network of observations to help distinguish climate change from variability, and increased detail in the structure and processes of models. Necessary next steps include reducing the uncertainties of climate impacts models at present, understanding the synergistic effects of multiple stressors and the inclusion of humans into coupled models and socio-economic analyses, in particular at regional and local scales. In the intermediate term, developing nations in tropical regions are likely to be most negatively impacted, whereas developed nations at higher latitudes are most likely to benefit. In the longer term, overall marine food security will depend on the impacts of climate change on marine primary production, for which the present projections are highly uncertain. Adoption of an integrated social–ecological approach that improves the adaptive capacities of ecological and human social systems will help to sustain food security from marine wild capture fisheries.