bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems on the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: HATA KATSUHIKO , FUNAYAMA MASATO , TOKUDOME SHOGO , MORITA MASAHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVarious autopsy cases of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in infancy were examined at the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office between 1985 and 1994. More than half of the SUD were diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but a number of other causes, such as mechanical asphyxia, were also diagnosed. SIDS is diagnosed by autopsy, but there are no clear diagnostic criteria differentiating SIDS from other causes of SUD. SUD is diagnosed as SIDS when other causes are excluded, but it is difficult to distinguish between SIDS and mechanical asphyxia. There was not a large difference in autopsy findings, or in death scene or statistical data, between SIDS and non‐SIDS cases. In their estimation of the diagnostic ratio of SIDS to other causes of death, medical examiners might be divided into three groups: ‘SIDS tolerationist’ examiners think that SUD should be positively diagnosed as SIDS, insofar as another cause of death is not proved clearly. A second group of examiners might be regarded as ‘SIDS exclusionist’; these consider microscopic findings or peculiar death scenes as important contributing factors leading to death. The third group represents a middle stance somewhere between these two. We thought that (forensic) pathologists as well as medical examiners in Japan might have differing stances on SIDS diagnosis. The statistical analysis of SIDS in certain research areas may be affected by the diagnostic ‘preference’ of pathologists belonging to a certain institute.
Ganglioneuroma of left adrenal gland in a patient with Turner syndrome during growth hormone therapy
Authors: MATSUOKA HISAFUMI , SHIBATA ERI , IKEZAKI AYAKO , KIM HYE SOOK , YAMAZAKI KIMIE , MURATA MITSUNORI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on a Japanese girl with Turner syndrome (45,XO) who developed ganglioneuroma of the left adrenal gland during growth hormone (GH) therapy. She had received GH replacement therapy from the age of 6.8 years. At the age of 10.3 years, abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass which occupied the upper area of her left kidney. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed a low density mass with a smooth surface located between the upper portion of the left renal vein and the pancreas. Microscopic examination resulted in a diagnosis of ganglioneuroma of the left adrenal gland. At present we cannot conclude that patients who have received GH replacement therapy are at higher risk for developing tumors compared to those without GH replacement therapy.
A case of ambiguous genitalia with unilateral amelia and unilateral peromelia of the upper limbs
Authors: TEMOĈIN A. KüBRA , YüKSEL BILGIN , TUNCER RECEP , ÖZER GüLER , ZORLUDEMIR üNAL 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 7‐year‐old patient is reported with a 46,XY karyotype, ambiguous genitalia and unilateral amelia and unilateral peromelia of the upper limbs. The external genitalia had essentially a female configuration with labia majora, large clitoris, and narrow vaginal opening. Gonadal tissue was not palpable on either side. The levels of 17‐OH progesterone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S), androstenedione and luteinizing hormone (LH) were normal, but the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was elevated minimally. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was normal. On pelvic USG, neither uterus nor ovaries were seen. Genitography showed a blind vagina. Gonads, Müllerian and/or Wolffian structures were not observed at laparotomy. Clitoral recession and cut‐back vaginoplasty were performed. The occurrence of these findings suggests embryonic testicular regression syndrome with bilateral transverse defect of the upper limbs. The case has been presented because the pattern of the birth defects, including both ambiguous genitalia and unilateral amelia on one side of the upper limbs and unilateral peromelia in the other, have not been described previously.
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with piperacillin therapy in a boy with glomerulonephritis
Authors: TANAKA HIROSHI , WAGA SHINOBU , KAKIZAKI YOSHIKI , TATEYAMA TAKASHI , KODA MAKOTO , YOKOYAMA MASARU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy with glomerulonephritis developed acute renal failure 4 days after beginning piperacillin (PIPC) treatment. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) with marked eosinophils. A lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) for PIPC demonstrated an extremely high LST index of 626%. The serum levels of immunoglobulin E and eosinophil cationic protein also showed a significant increase at 9021 IU/mL and greater than 150 μg/L, respectively. These observations suggest that a hypersensitivity reaction might play a role in the pathogenesis of ATIN. This is the first report to describe PIPC‐induced ATIN in a child.
Fatty acid compositions of colostrum, cord blood, maternal blood and major infant formulas in Japan
Authors: YOUNG CHAINLLIE , HIKITA TOSHIYUKI , KANEKO SONO , SHIMIZU YUKIKO , HANAKA SATOKO , ABE TOSHIAKI , SHIMASAKI HIROYUKI , IKEDA RITSUKO , MIYAZAWA YUKIHISA , NAKAJIMA AKIRA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLipid profiles in colostrum, cord blood, maternal blood and major infant formulas in Japan were analyzed. In the first part of the study, colostrum obtained from 36 normal delivery women and six kinds of infant formulas provided by three major milk companies were analyzed for their fatty acid composition using capillary gas‐lipid chromatography. Although enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the percent composition of DHA in the six infant formulas (0.15–0.21%) was significantly lower than that in the colostrum (1.1 ± 0.54). Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were present in the colostrum but not detectable in the infant formulas. It is recommended that although the exact amount of specific fatty acids needed in the infant diet was not completely known, to be as close as possible to natural breast milk, the level of DHA, EPA and AA should be raised in the infant formulas. In the second part of the study, 19 pairs of maternal and cord blood were analyzed for their lipid profile. All samples were from normal vaginal delivery. The measurement of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids was performed with commercially available enzymatic methods on an automated discrete random access analyzer. Total fatty acid was determined as described in the first part of the study. The results were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. No correlation could be found between maternal and fetal concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids or total fatty acids. Correlation could be found in non‐esterified fatty acids, in palmitic acids, and oleic acid levels. It was concluded that the lipid transport and metabolism in the fetal‐placenta unit is complex and further delicate investigation is required.
Arthritis in a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: GENEL FERAH , ATLIHAN FüSUN , BAK MUSTAFA , TARGAN ŞEREF , DIZDARER CEYHUN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by elevated cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, xanthomas and early onset atherosclerosis. Tendinitis and arthritis have been reported in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. A report is presented of a 9‐year‐old girl with an acute arthritic attack who was diagnosed as homozygote familial hypercholesterolemia with hypercholesterolemic arthritis.
Three cases of pyogenic sacro‐iliitis, and factors in the relapse of the disease
Authors: TOKUDA KOICHI , YOSHINAGA MASAO , NISHI JUN‐ICHIRO , TAKAMATSU NAOMI , IKARIMOTO NAOAKI , MATSUDA YUKIHISA , IMAKYUREI NAOHISA , OKUBO KOICHI , NAKAZONO SHIN‐ICHI , MIYATA KOICHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPyogenic sacro‐iliitis (PS) is a rare disease in childhood. Three cases of PS are reported that were difficult to diagnose. Scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were useful for diagnosis. One patient suffered from an episode of relapse. Seventeen other cases of PS were reviewed in the literature to investigate the incidence of abnormal imaging findings and various factors in disease relapse. It was found that the incidence of abnormal findings by scintigraphy was significantly higher than that by computed tomography (P = 0.0057). The duration of intravenous antibiotic administration of the relapse group (14.7 ± 4.7 days) was significantly shorter than that of the non‐relapse group (24.3 ± 10.7 days; P = 0.0376). The statistical analysis suggested that intravenous antibiotic administration is necessary at least for 20 days to prevent a relapse of PS.
MARKET‐DEMAND BOOSTING AND PRIVATIZATION IN A MIXED DUOPOLY
Authors: Han Lihua , Ogawa Hikaru 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis study incorporates demand‐boosting strategies into a mixed duopoly model in order to consider the endogenous determination of market demand. The results indicate equilibrium characteristics that differ from those found under an exogenous demand setting. As consumers become more sensitive to the demand‐boosting strategies of firms, the government must choose a lower level of privatization. This suggests that the responsiveness of consumer demand to the demand‐boosting strategies of firms constitutes a limiting factor for privatization.
What are Children's Centres? The Development of CC Services, 2004–20081
Authors: Lewis Jane , Cuthbert Rebecca , Sarre Sophie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChildren's centres are intended to be a mainstream, universal service. They began in 2004 and their origins are diverse. Some replaced various forms of local provision, most notably Sure Start programmes; others were established from scratch. Issues for exploratory empirical work have been identified from the guidance issued by central government. Using interview data from three urban local authorities, this article explores the nature of the ‘core offer’ that centres are expected to provide and the way in which they have pursued the goal of integrating staff and services. The article highlights the problems of balancing a focus on the child and on the parent; of reconciling childcare provision as part of the employability agenda and as a means to educational achievement for the child; of permitting local variation while achieving consistency; of the role of monitoring in relation to developing good practice; and of achieving integration in a mixed economy of care. We find that despite the greater specification of the core offer for children's centres compared to that for Sure Start, there are substantial differences between children's centres in terms of services, while the mixed economy of provision poses considerable challenges to the goal of integration.
Following Families: Working Lone‐Mother Families and their Children
Authors: Ridge Tess , Millar Jane 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnalysis of poverty dynamics based on large‐scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. This includes lone parents, who are one of the groups most likely to stay poor over time. This high income poverty risk is reduced for those lone parents who are in employment and who receive state financial support through tax credits to supplement their wages. But income security in work can be difficult to achieve. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context.
MRI in corticobasal degeneration
Authors: Grisoli Marina , Fetoni Vincenza , Savoiardo Mario , Girotti Floriano , Bruzzone Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2011

Corticobasal degeneration is a degenerative disease characterized by asymmetric brain atrophy and clinically by asymmetric onset of an akinetic‐rigid syndrome with apraxia, dysarthria and dysphagia. Diagnosis must be confirmed by autopsy. We have investigated the ability of MRI to detect asymmetric atrophy to support the clinical diagnosis and permit differential diagnosis against other degenerative disorders.Ten patients with clinical suspicion of corticobasal degeneration were studied by brain MRI, and the images were reviewed with the side of greater clinical involvement unknown to the reviewer. The original reports of MR scans were also reviewed.MRI demonstrates that cortical atrophy is asymmetric and more marked in the posterior frontal and mainly in the parietal regions on the side contralateral to the clinical symptoms. Asymmetry was rarely detected on the first reading.Our review of MRI findings demonstrates that it is possible to detect asymmetrical parietal atrophy, thus supporting the clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration. It is essential to be aware of the disease and alert for asymmetries in order to discern the more involved side. No abnormalities were detected in the basal ganglia.
The Community Engagement of Immigrants in Host Societies: The Case of Canada
Authors: Kazemipur Abdolmohammad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing the data from the General Social Survey (2003), the community engagement of immigrants in Canada has been examined along 15 different dimensions. The findings indicate that immigrants add to the overall level of community engagement in Canada in the areas of confidence in public institutions ‐‐ such as judiciary, government, police, welfare system, education, and health care ‐‐ and involvement in religious activities. The areas in which immigrants fall behind are those that involve social interactions with the host population (e.g., trust, neighbourliness, social networks, group activities, volunteering, etc.) or engagement with private sector (i.e., confidence in private institutions such as banks and major corporations). Some of these measures of community engagement improve over time, but there is also an alarming trend that some decline with longer stays in Canada. The implications of these findings are discussed.
On Compensation and Return: Can The ‘Continuing Injustice Argument’ for Compensating for Historical Injustices Justify Compensation for Such Injustices or the Return of Property?
Authors: PEREZ NAHSHON 
Published: January 2011

abstractThis paper offers a critique of recent attempts, by George Sher and others to justify compensation to be paid to descendants of deceased victims of past wrongs. This recent attempt (the ‘continuing injustice argument’) is important as it endeavours to avoid some well‐known critiques of previous attempts, such as the non‐identity problem. Furthermore, this new attempt is grounded in individual rights, without invoking a more controversial collectivist assumption. The first step in this critique is to differentiate between compensation and restitution. Once this important distinction is clear, an examination of several factors follows: the importance of the passage of time vis‐à‐vis claims for compensation and/or restitution (and especially the passing away of the original victims and wrongdoers), the responsibility of the would be payers, the responsibility of the descendants of the victims, the welfare level of the descendants of the victims, information‐related issues, and several additional factors. The conclusion is that once we take into account the distinction between compensation and restitution, and the additional factors mentioned, the case for compensation and/or restitution under the ‘continuing injustice argument’, is highly limited.
Public Health Nurses Tailor Interventions for Families at Risk
Authors: Monsen Karen A. , Radosevich David M. , Kerr Madeleine J. , Fulkerson Jayne A. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To use structured clinical data from public health nurse (PHN) documentation to describe client risk, to describe family home visiting interventions, including tailoring, and to assess the associations between client risk and intervention tailoring.Design and Sample: Retrospective cohort design. A cohort of 486 family home visiting clients who received at least 3 visits from PHNs in a local Midwest public health agency (2000–2005).Measures: Omaha System variables documenting assessments, interventions, and outcomes. A risk index was created to identify low‐ and high‐risk clients. Descriptive and inferential methods were used to describe interventions, and to assess intervention tailoring between groups.Intervention: Routine PHN family home visiting practice.Results: The risk index meaningfully discriminated between groups. PHNs provided more visits and interventions to clients in the high‐risk group, with variations in problem, category, and target by group, demonstrating that PHNs tailored interventions to address specific client needs.Conclusions: Standardized terminologies and structured clinical data are useful tools to support PHN practice, and may be useful to advance health care quality research, program evaluation, policy development, and population health outcomes.
A shear‐based assay for assessing plasma ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Han Yue , Xiao Juan , Falls Erica , Zheng X. Long 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: Severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity is a frequent finding in patients with hereditary and acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). To date, plasma ADAMTS13 activity is determined by cleavage of either predenatured von Willebrand factor (VWF) or small peptides derived from the VWF‐A2 domain. The physiologic relevance of the assay results is uncertain.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We sought to develop a novel shear‐based assay to assess plasma ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors. We also compared this assay with a fluorogenic peptide assay.RESULTS: We found that an incubation of purified plasma VWF with 0.5 to 1.0 µL of citrated plasma under constant vortexing at 2500 rpm for 60 minutes in the presence of 5 mmol/L CaCl2 and 1.7 µmol/L ZnCl2 and low concentration of NaCl resulted in the maximal cleavage of VWF. The cleavage product could be separated by a 2.5% agarose gel and detected by Western blotting. The assay revealed that plasma and recombinant ADAMTS13 are highly sensitive to inhibition by zinc and chloride ions. Under the optimal conditions, the shear‐based assay appeared to be more sensitive than the guanidine‐denaturization assay for determining plasma ADAMTS13 activity.CONCLUSIONS: Our fluid shear‐based assay may be useful for investigating basic biologic function and regulation of ADAMTS13 metalloprotease. It may also be applicable for assessing plasma ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors in TTP patients.
Bone regeneration: stem cell therapies and clinical studies in orthopaedics and traumatology
Authors: Gómez‐Barrena Enrique , Rosset Philippe , Müller Ingo , Giordano Rosaria , Bunu Carmen , Layrolle Pierre , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Luyten Frank P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Characterization of cells for bone regeneration in human beings
State of the art in bone tissue engineering
Clinical targets for cell therapy in orthopaedics
Selected paediatric bone disorders and cellular therapies
Ethical aspects of EU clinical trials
Future directions and remarks

Regenerative medicine seeks to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs, with the goal to fully restore structure and function without the formation of scar tissue. Cell based therapies are promising new therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. By using mesenchymal stem cells, good results have been reported for bone engineering in a number of clinical studies, most of them investigator initiated trials with limited scope with respect to controls and outcome. With the implementation of a new regulatory framework for advanced therapeutic medicinal products, the stage is set to improve both the characterization of the cells and combination products, and pave the way for improved controlled and well‐designed clinical trials. The incorporation of more personalized medicine approaches, including the use of biomarkers to identify the proper patients and the responders to treatment, will be contributing to progress in the field. Both translational and clinical research will move the boundaries in the field of regenerative medicine, and a coordinated effort will provide the clinical breakthroughs, particularly in the many applications of bone engineering.
The basic science teaching experience in the Nordic countries*
Authors: Fiehn Nils‐Erik 
Published: January 2011

The article concerns the dental education at 10 different faculties in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The information is based upon a questionnaire to the faculties concerning the definition, the structure and succession of the basic science subjects/courses/themes/topics in the dental curriculum, the time span of the basic science teaching, and the methods of teaching. Furthermore, there is information about integration among the basic science subjects and the coordination/integration between the basic science teaching and the clinical teaching. Finally, the teachers' educational background and the cowork with the medical education is elucidated.The main findings are: the basic science teaching is structured in different ways in the Nordic countries. In Reykjavik, Bergen, and Aarhus this teaching is subject specific, while in Copenhagen it is mainly subject specific, as it has few integrated courses. In Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå, the basic science teaching consists of a mixture of integrated courses and subject specific teaching. In Helsinki, Oslo and Malmö the basic sciences are theme and topic based, and for the two last‐mentioned institutions, integrated with the clinic, except at the faculty in Malmö. Here the basic science teaching is totally integrated in the clinical teaching throughout the study. Usually, the basic science teaching is placed mainly in the first part of the curriculum; however, in Umeå, Copenhagen, and Oslo, some integration takes place.
Dental student assessment of learning programmes
Authors: Lamb David J. , Godfrey Joyce 
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To compare relevance, accessibility, rôle in the teaching‐learning process, and user preference, of identical case‐study‐based teaching programmes in CAL and booklet format.Design: Questionnaire assessment.Subjects and setting: Dental students at Sheffield Dental School.Method: 54 5th‐year dental students were self‐grouped as computer novice (n=26) or proficient (n=23) and sub‐groups of 12 randomly selected from each. Half of each sub‐group tested the CAL programme first and half the booklet‐based programme, with cross‐over, after 6 weeks. Assessment of packages was carried out immediately after use, and 2 weeks after completion, a further assessment was made on the basis of preference and value as a teaching medium.Results: All subjects thought both packages relevant to clinical practice and written at an appropriate level, and the majority found the text, illustrations and tasks clear. Both groups competed the CAL package more quickly. Students asked to use such packages in the future, viewing them as support for, rather than replacement of, present teaching. The majority of computer‐proficient students preferred CAL, considering it the superior teaching medium.Conclusions: Both CAL and booklet case‐study materials were considered useful in addition to, rather than as a replacement for, other teaching methods. Most considered the CAL superior and preferred it. Nevertheless, while past computer experience determined preference for the format, it did not influence ability to access the medium. Future use of such materials is probably best in relation to preparation for tutorials and clinics. A key rôle is its availability as a revision aid.