bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of 5-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and effects of intraarticular glucocorticoids
Authors: Gheorghe Karina Roxana , Korotkova Marina , Catrina Anca Irinel , Backman Linda , af Klint Erik , Claesson Hans-Erik , Rådmark Olof , Jakobsson Per-Johan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Introduction
It was previously shown that lipoxygenase (LO) pathways are important in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory process and that synovial fluid from RA patients contains high amounts of leukotrienes. We therefore aimed to investigate the 5-LO and 15-LO-1 expression pattern in RA and ostheoarthritis (OA) synovial tissue and to study the effect of intraarticular glucocorticoid (GC) therapy on enzyme expression.

Methods
Expression of LOs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in RA and OA synovial biopsies. Cellular localization of these enzymes was analyzed by double immunofluorescence. In synovial biopsies from 11 RA patients, 5-LO and 15-LO-1 expression was evaluated before and after triamcinolone hexacetonide knee injection and assessed by image analysis to quantify their expression. We also investigated the presence of 15-LO-1 by immunohistochemistry in synovial fluid (SF) cells as well as their ability to form 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) following treatment with arachidonic acid (AA).

Results
5-LO and 15-LO-1 are present in RA and OA synovium, with 5-LO being mostly expressed in lining and sublining macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells and 15-LO-1 mainly in lining macrophages, fibroblasts and sublining endothelial cells. Intraarticular GC treatment resulted in a significant suppression of 5-LO expression, but did not influence the 15-LO-1 enzyme significantly. Also, SF cells express a functional 15-LO-1 and produce 15-HETE when challenged with AA.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that local therapy with GC decreases 5-LO expression in RA synovium and offer an additional possible mechanism for the efficiency of intraarticular adjuvant therapy in RA.
Randomized controlled trial of a new electrical modality (InterX) and soft tissue massage, stretching, ultrasound and exercise for treating lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Coff Lorien , Massy-Westropp Nicola , Caragianis Suzanne 
Published: June 2009

Background The primary symptom reported by patients with lateral epicondylitis is pain. The InterX is a newly developed electrical device aimed at reducing pain by transmitting a varying electrical impulse into the surface of the skin via a portable, hand held applicator. This study investigates whether the InterX could provide additional acute pain relief and function for patients with acute lateral epicondylitis, to that of soft tissue massage, stretching ultrasound and exercise. Methods Twenty-six patients were randomized to two groups. The experimental group received InterX in conjunction with soft tissue massage, stretching, ultrasound and exercise, whereas the control group received soft tissue massage, stretching, ultrasound and exercise. Results In the short term, both regimes resulted in significantly reduced pain and improved functional ability ( P < 0.01). The control therapy also resulted in significantly improved grip strength. Discussion There was no significant difference in the improvements between groups in pain, difficulty with functional activities, although both groups' pain decreased significantly in the short (3 weeks) and medium (9 months) term. The experimental group received 30 minutes' greater treatment duration per week. Conclusions The provision of the InterX in addition to soft tissue massage, stretching, ultrasound and exercise did not affect patients' outcome.
Role of botulinum toxin in hand and upper limb disorders relevant to hand therapy
Authors: Keir James , Giele Henk P 
Published: June 2009

Introduction This article reviews the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin and provides an overview of its use in hand disorders relevant to hand therapy such as hyperhidrosis, spasticity, dystonia, tremor, Parkinson's, obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, flexor tendon rehabilitation, lateral epicondylitis, Raynaud's and carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods A narrative review of the literature retrieved through electronic databases using keywords botulinum toxin, hand, therapy, and reviewing the bibliographic references cited. Results Sixty-five original articles and meta-analyses were reviewed. The number and quality of the published reports for each disorder are very variable but generally botulinum toxin is reported to be an effective adjunct to therapy in the treatment of a wide variety of hand and upper limb pathologies. Discussion A surprising number of hand and upper limb conditions have been successively treated with botulinum toxin, but most require botulinum toxin to be used in conjunction with hand therapy to achieve more effective outcomes for longer duration. Neuromuscular disorders seem to be most responsive to botulinum toxin treatment. Therapists should be aware of the potential benefits of botulinum toxin injections for a wide range of hand disorders and when appropriate discuss these with patients and other health professionals. Conclusion Botulinum toxin has an effective and growing role in hand therapy.
The Impact of Oligopolistic Competition in Networks
Authors: Cominetti Roberto , Correa José R. , Stier-Moses Nicolás E. 
Published: June 2009

In the traffic assignment problem, first proposed by Wardrop in 1952, commuters select the shortest available path to travel from their origins to their destinations. We study a generalization of this problem in which competitors, who may control a nonnegligible fraction of the total flow, ship goods across a network. This type of games, usually referred to as atomic games, readily applies to situations in which the competing freight companies have market power. Other applications include intelligent transportation systems, competition among telecommunication network service providers, and scheduling with flexible machines. Our goal is to determine to what extent these systems can benefit from some form of coordination or regulation. We measure the quality of the outcome of the game without centralized control by computing the worst-case inefficiency of Nash equilibria. The main conclusion is that although self-interested competitors will not achieve a fully efficient solution from the system's point of view, the loss is not too severe. We show how to compute several bounds for the worst-case inefficiency that depend on the characteristics of cost functions and on the market structure in the game. In addition, building upon the work of Catoni and Pallotino, we show examples in which market aggregation (or collusion) adversely impacts the aggregated competitors, even though their market power increases. For example, Nash equilibria of atomic network games may be less efficient than the corresponding Wardrop equilibria. When competitors are completely symmetric, we provide a characterization of the Nash equilibrium using a potential function, and prove that this counterintuitive phenomenon does not arise. Finally, we study a pricing mechanism that elicits more coordination from the players by reducing the worst-case inefficiency of Nash equilibria.
Risk of Fall for Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Chiba Yoichi , Shimada Atsuyoshi , Yoshida Futoshi , Keino Hiromi , Hasegawa Mariko , Ikari Hiroyuki , Miyake Shikako , Hosokawa Masanori 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Our aim was to identify risk factors for falling and establish a method to assess risk for falls in adults with intellectual disabilities. In a cross-sectional survey of 144 Japanese adults, we found that age, presence of epilepsy, and presence of paretic conditions were independent risk factors. The Tinetti balance and gait instrument was successfully administered to this population and resulted in high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 91.9%) for identifying individuals at risk when the cutoff score was set at 25. Participants whose balance and gait deteriorated showed a decrease in the Tinetti score of at least 2 points per year. Thus, the Tinetti instrument may be an effective tool to detect an increased risk of fall in this population.
Mother–Child Play: Children With Down Syndrome and Typical Development
Authors: Venuti P. , de Falco S. , Esposito G. , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Child solitary and collaborative mother–child play with 21 children with Down syndrome and 33 mental-age-matched typically developing children were compared. In solitary play, children with Down syndrome showed less exploratory but similar symbolic play compared to typically developing children. From solitary to collaborative play, children with Down syndrome increased their exploratory play, attaining the same level as typically developing children. Pretense significantly increased from solitary to collaborative play only in typically developing children. Differences between mothers' play in the two groups mirrored those between their children. Both groups showed similar attunement and synchrony. Mothers contribute to the play development of children with Down syndrome through their own adaptation to their children's limitations and potentialities.
La guerra civil de las letras: religión, panfletarios y lucha política (49–44 a. C.)
Authors: Rosillo López Cristina 
Published: June 2009

Resumen
Este artículo se ocupa de la cuestión de la propaganda religiosa durante la guerra civil (49–45 a. C.). Dos partidarios, A. Cecina y Nigidio Fígulo, no se beneficiaron de la clementia de César. El artículo demuestra que la ausencia de perdón se debió a sus predicciones en contra de César, ya que ambos eran arúspices de prestigio. César no podía perdonar que el futuro hubiera sido interpretado por sus enemigos. En el momento de la creación de un nuevo régimen, la legitimación religiosa tenía que ser controlada.
Livio, Polión y la patavinitas. El relato historiográfico.
Authors: Muñiz Coello J. 
Published: June 2009

Resumen
Quintiliano recoge un comentario de C. Asinio Polión, uno de los personajes más influyentes de la Roma de Augusto, sobre la obra que un paduano, Tito Livio, venía elaborando desde hacía años sobre la historia de la Ciudad desde sus orígenes. Polión, cónsul, gran orador, autor de tragedias, jurista e historiador, era conocido por su genial capacidad para crear nuevos términos, y no desaprovecho la ocasión cuando le preguntaron sobre Livio. Su obra adolecía de patavinitas, término que Quintiliano analiza desde su condición de maestro del discurso y del lenguaje, aspectos que igualmente han encasillado en cierto modo el modelo actual de investigación sobre este asunto. Nosotros creemos que el término puede ser entendido mejor desde un enfoque más amplio, que aborde los problemas sociales y políticos de la Italia de aquel tiempo.
Uso del passato nella declamazione 4 di Coricio di Gaza, „Milziade“ (XVII = decl. 4 F.-R.)
Authors: Lupi Simona 
Published: June 2009

Riassunto
Il „Milziade“ di Coricio di Gaza offre un interessante esempio dell′utilizzo della storia greca nelle declamazioni (meletai). La melete è una difesa dello stratega ateniese dalle accuse di Santippo dopo l′infruttuosa spedizione di Paro. Coricio si rifà ai capitoli 132–136 del libro sesto delle „Storie“ di Erodoto, tuttavia modificando la storia: nonostante il racconto erodoteo informi che durante il processo furono gli amici a difendere lo stratega, il retore di Gaza immagina le parole che Milziade avrebbe personalmente pronunciato in sua difesa, e sceglie di rimaneggiare alcuni particolari della vicenda di Paro, che, se ricordati come compaiono nelle „Storie“, avrebbero nuociuto all′immagine dello stratega. All′apologia la declamazione unisce l′encomio, promosso attraverso il ricordo di Maratona. La descrizione della gloriosa vittoria di Milziade ricorre ai topoi che contraddistinguono tutti i Schlachtenmythen e autorizza un′interpretazione della declamazione attenta al significato che il mito di Maratona può aver avuto nel contesto storico-culturale vissuto da Coricio e dal suo pubblico. Nell′epoca delle guerre persiane di Giustiniano, Milziade sarebbe figura paradigmatica di uno stratega vincente sui Barbari e la battaglia di Maratona un ‚ieu de mémoire‘ al quale ritornare per trovare lo slancio con cui affrontare il nemico esterno.
Constantinus rerum novator: dal comitatus dioclezianeo ai palatini di Valentiniano I — Corrigendum (Klio 90/1, 2008)
Authors: Colombo Maurizio 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Auf Grund redaktioneller Probleme wurden einige Korrekturwünsche des Autors nicht umgesetzt. Wir bitten dies zu entschuldigen.
Films of the year, 2008
Authors: Naremore James 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Prefaced by remarks about methodology, the article presents the author's selection of the best films released in the U.S., 2008 (including one archival reissue). The top three are all city films: Jia Zhang-ke's 24 City, Guy Maddin's My Winnipeg, and Terence Davies's Of Time and the City.
Standard Operating Procedure: Mediating Torture
Authors: Benson-Allott Caetlin 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Errol Morris's Standard Operating Procedure offers the U.S. soldiers accused of detainee abuse at the Abu Ghraib military prison in Iraq a forum in which to give accounts of their infamous photographs. However, the vexing digitality of those images foregrounds the role of interpretation in the construction of visual evidence.
Film Culture in Madrid
Authors: Smith Paul Julian 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
With talk of a crisis of Spanish cinema, Paul Julian Smith reports from Madrid, spring 2009, and discusses: the Goya awards (best film won by Javier Fesser's Camino), the struggling but lively theatrical exhibition, burgeoning TV production, education facilities, the eminent presence of Almodóvar, and the Ocho y Medio bookshop.
Realized Heritability and Genetic Gain Estimates of Larval Shell Length in the Chinese Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii at Three Different Salinities
Authors: Deng Yuewen , Fu Shao , Du Xiaodong , Wang Qingheng 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The second-generation selected (SS) and control (SC) lines of the Chinese pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were established by selecting the 10% of breeders with the largest and mean sizes, respectively, from the first-generation selected group. Larval offspring of the SS and SC lines were reared at 30, 24, and 18‰. Heritability and genetic gains of larval shell length were estimated on the basis of data measured at days 8, 14, and 21. At days 8 and 14, there were no significant differences in mean shell length between the SS and SC lines at 30, 24, and 18‰ (P &gt; 0.05). On day 21, however, the SS line displayed significantly larger mean shell length than the SC line at 30‰ and 24‰ (P &lt; 0.05). Heritability estimates and genetic gains for larval shell length ranged from 0.22 to 0.64 and from 3.68% to 14.93%, respectively. The results from this study indicate that considerable genetic variability exists in the base population and that mass selection for the second generation is still effective.
Variable Effects of Biological and Environmental Processes on Coho Salmon Marine Survival in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Malick Michael J. , Adkison Milo D. , Wertheimer Alex C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCorrelation analyses, linear regression models, and multistock mixed effects models were used to examine the relationships between coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch marine survival and six biological and environmental covariates across 14 southeast Alaska (SEAK) stocks. A primary focus of the study was to investigate the influence of pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta fry abundances on coho salmon marine survival. The coho salmon stocks exhibited strong covariation; 88 of the 91 pairwise comparisons among the coho salmon stocks covaried positively and 54 of them were significant (P < 0.05). Only one of the covariates, the North Pacific index, which is a measure of the Aleutian low pressure zone, had consistent relationships (positive) across all 14 stocks. The other covariates, including freshwater discharge, the Pacific decadal oscillation, sea‐surface temperature, and two indices of pink salmon and chum salmon fry abundances, all had inconsistent relationships with marine survival. The best‐fit linear regression models varied greatly among the 14 stocks, as did the R2 values, which ranged from 0.00 to 0.54. An index representing local hatchery pink salmon and chum salmon fry abundance was the most important variable in explaining the variation in marine survival, having a stronger estimated effect on survival than an index of local wild pink salmon fry abundance. The magnitude and sign of the hatchery pink salmon and chum salmon effect varied greatly among different localities. Our results suggest that (1) SEAK coho salmon stocks are not equally influenced by the same factors and (2) there are factors that appear to affect marine survival of SEAK coho salmon stocks at varying spatial scales. This study also provides evidence that coho salmon stocks throughout SEAK experience some degree of regional concordance in the marine environment but also that local stock‐specific conditions are important in fully understanding variation in marine survival.
Life History of American Eels from Western Newfoundland
Authors: Jessop B. M. , Shiao J. C. , Iizuka Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBiological data are limited for American eelsAnguilla rostratafrom the northern portion of the species' geographic range. The biological characteristics of American eels from two sites in western Newfoundland varied by sex, maturation stage, and habitat. Female and male sexually mature (silver) eels from the Castors River were comparable in length range with eels reported from other Newfoundland sites. Female silver eels from the Castors River began their spawning migration at a lower developmental stage for the gonadosomatic index, eye index, and pectoral fin length index than did eels from more southerly sites in eastern Canada and the United States. Annual growth rate declined with increasing age (r= −0.93,P< 0.001). The growth rate at a given age was higher for eels from Muddy Hole (an estuarine habitat at the mouth of Flat Bay Brook) than for those from the Castors River (a freshwater habitat) primarily because growth rate decreased with an increasing proportion of residence in freshwater (r= −0.74,P< 0.001). Most eels (64‐72%) from both sites had a history of occasional migration between and residence of variable duration in both freshwater and saline water, as determined from otolith strontium: Calcium analysis. The mean growth rate of eels that had resided primarily in estuarine waters was 3.2 times greater than the growth of eels that had resided only in freshwater. Additional studies are required to clarify the life history and distributional relations of northern populations of American eels.
Influence of heavy metals on microbial growth kinetics including lag time: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification
Authors: Şengör S. Sevinç , Barua Sutapa , Gikas Petros , Ginn Timothy R. , Peyton Brent , Sani Rajesh K. , Spycher Nicolas F. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Heavy metals can significantly affect the kinetics of substrate biodegradation and microbial growth, including lag times and specific growth rates. A model to describe microbial metabolic lag as a function of the history of substrate concentration has been previously described by Wood et al. (Water Resour Res 31:553–563) and Ginn (Water Resour Res 35:1395–1408). In the present study, this model is extended by including the effect of heavy metals on metabolic lag by developing an inhibitor-dependent functional to account for the metabolic state of the microorganisms. The concentration of the inhibiting metal is explicitly incorporated into the functional. The validity of the model is tested against experimental data on the effects of zinc on Pseudomonas species isolated from Lake Coeur d'Alene sediments, Idaho, USA, as well as the effects of nickel or cobalt on a mixed microbial culture collected from the aeration tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Athens, Greece. The simulations demonstrate the ability to incorporate the effect of metals on metabolism through lag, yield coefficient, and specific growth rates. The model includes growth limitation due to insufficient transfer of oxygen into the growth medium.
A Study of the Madison ‘B' Reservoir East Poplar Field, Roosevelt County, Montana
Authors: Harrelson H.E. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A portion of a study of the B Reservoir of the East Poplar Field made by the East Poplar Unit Engineering Committee is summarized. The study was undertaken to review the performance of the reservoir after five years of operation.
The B Reservoir consisted of two limestone zones and one dolomite zone in good pressure communication. The usual problems of analyzing reservoirs of this type were made more complex by a 200-ft tilt in the original oil-water contact. A thick interval of transition from oil to water also existed which it was necessary to quantitatively define in order to study recovery efficiency.
The B Reservoir contained 213,200,000 bbl of tank oil originally in place[588 bbl/acre-ft]. Calculations have indicated that 39.7 per cent of the tank oil originally in place may be recoverable. Cumulative production as of Jan. 1,1958, was 16.3 per cent of the ultimate recoverable oil.
A pilot pressure maintenance project was initiated in Sept., 1956, testing the feasibility of augmenting a limited natural water drive. Produced saltwater was injected below the original oil-water contact through two wells. Increases in productivity were noted on four wells after the injection of only400,000 bbl of water. The project has been encouraging enough to anticipate future expansion.

Introduction
The East Poplar Field was discovered in March, 1952, with the completion of the East Poplar Unit No. 1. The field lies in Northeast Montana on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in Roosevelt County. It is approximately 55 miles south of the International Boundary and 8 miles northeast of the town of Poplar.
There are three oil reservoirs of importance in the field, the Madison A, Band C Zones. In addition, oil production has been established in the Kibby Sandbut has not thus far proved commercial. Minor gas production has also been obtained from the Judith River Sand.
This paper is confined to a discussion of the B Reservoir, occurring at a depth of approximately 5650 ft, and containing most of the reserves of the field.