bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waging holy war in the sacred body of the godhead
Authors: Grotstein James S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this contribution the author seeks to examine the theological and psychoanalytic concepts in order to cast light on terrorism and religious bigotry. He suggest that the suicidal terrorist is moved by unconscious sources within his archaic Oedipus Complex (Kleinian version) and by the propensity for self sacrifice, human sacrifice being the hidden order of the Oedipus complex. The author carries this theme through other related themes: the battle between men and women or patriarchy versus matriarchy, the issue of dependency in psychoanalysis and religion, the anatomy of terror, dehumanization and; other themes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indole and Quinoline Derivatives through Cascade Reactions
Authors: Barluenga José , Rodríguez Félix , Fañanás Francisco J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne right after the other: Cascade reactions represent an efficient method for accessing highly functionalized final products from simple starting materials in a single synthetic operation. This Focus Review surveys the most representative and interesting recent reports on the synthesis of indoles and quinolines through cascade reactions.magnified imageIndoles and quinolines are ubiquitous structural motifs in many natural products and biologically active pharmaceuticals. The pursuit of synthetic efficiency has stimulated the design and development of new synthetic strategies to construct these heterocycles. One of the most effective ways of achieving efficiency is to implement reaction cascades, enabling multiple bond‐forming and bond‐cleaving events to occur in a single synthetic operation, thus circumventing the waste associated with traditional stepwise synthesis. In general, cascade reactions offer the opportunity to access highly functionalized final products from simple starting materials. For all these reasons, it is not a surprise that most of the recently reported methods for the synthesis of indoles and quinolines are based on the use of cascade reactions. In this Focus Review we discuss some of the most representative and interesting recent reports on the synthesis of indoles and quinolines through cascade reactions.
Methane Sorption and Structural Characterization of the Sorption Sites in Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) by Single Crystal X‐ray Crystallography
Authors: Kim Hyunuk , Samsonenko Denis G. , Das Sunirban , Kim Ghyung‐Hwa , Lee Heung‐Soo , Dybtsev Danil N. , Berdonosova Elena A. , Kim Kimoon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStore it away: Methane adsorption isotherms of Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) (1) are measured up to a pressure of 35 bar. X‐ray structure analysis of methane‐adsorbed 1 at 90 K reveals that methane molecules occupy three independent sorption sites A, B, and C while interacting with the framework as well as each other through van der Waals interactions.magnified imageSorption isotherms of methane in Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) are measured up to a pressure of 35 bar in the temperature range between 198–296 K. The methane sorption measurements at 296 K showed an uptake of 137 cm3 cm−3 at 35 bar. The enthalpy of methane adsorption for Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) estimated by the virial equation is 13.6 kJ mol−1 at zero coverage. X‐ray structure analysis of methane‐adsorbed Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) by synchrotron radiation at 90 K revealed that methane molecules occupy three independent sorption sites (A, B, and C) with a stoichiometry of Zn2(bdc)2(dabco)⋅6.69CH4, which is consistent with the results of the gas sorption measurements at 198 K. In a cavity, eight symmetry‐related methane sorption sites A are located near the {Zn2(CO2)4} paddle‐wheel units, while four symmetry‐related methane sorption sites B are near the center of the small windows along the a and b axes. Both A and B sites are half‐occupied. Methane molecules occupying sites A are not only in van der Waals contact with the paddle‐wheel units, but also interact with the phenyl rings of bdc ligands through partial π‐HC interactions. Methane molecules in B sites interact with the side of the phenyl rings through van der Waals interaction. The site C, located at the center of the cavity, is a secondary sorption site; methane molecules occupying sites C are in van der Waals contact with those in sites A and B.
Behaving as expected: Public information and fairness norms
Authors: Bicchieri Cristina , Chavez Alex 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhat is considered to be fair depends on context‐dependent expectations. Using a modified version of the Ultimatum Game, we demonstrate that both fair behavior and perceptions of fairness depend upon beliefs about what one ought to do in a situation—that is, upon normative expectations. We manipulate such expectations by creating informational asymmetries about the offer choices available to the Proposer, and find that behavior varies accordingly. Proposers and Responders show a remarkable degree of agreement in their beliefs about which choices are considered fair. We discuss how these results fit into a theory of social norms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphoton microscopy for the in‐situ investigation of cellular processes and integrity in cryopreservation
Authors: Doerr Daniel , Stark Martin , Ehrhart Friederike , Zimmermann Heiko , Stracke Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate a new noninvasive imaging method to monitor freezing processes in biological samples and to investigate life in the frozen state. It combines a laser scanning microscope with a computer‐controlled cryostage. Nearinfrared (NIR) femtosecond laser pulses evoke the fluorescence of endogenous fluorophores and fluorescent labels due to multiphoton absorption.The inherent optical nonlinearity of multiphoton absorption allows 3D fluorescence imaging for optical tomography of frozen biological material in‐situ. As an example for functional imaging we use fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to create images with chemical and physical contrast.
Molybdän als limitierender Faktor in der Düngung
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTropische Wälder wachsen oft auf ausgelaugten, nährstoffarmen Böden. Die Düngung mit Phosphat fördert das Wachstum auf solchen Böden und erhöht die Holzbildung und CO2‐Fixierung. Neue Untersuchungen deuten an, dass nicht das Phosphat, sondern Verunreinigungen mit Molybdän für diesen Effekt verantwortlich sein können.
Multiresidue analysis of pesticides with hydrolyzable functionality in cooked vegetables by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Sung Joong , Park Semin , Choi Jin Young , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Eun‐Ho , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Kim Soo Taek , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Jin Jong Sung , Bae Dong Won , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt would be preferable for pesticide residues substituted by hydrolyzable functionality to be analyzed after cooking because their structures are apt to degrade during boiling and/or heating. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of 44 pesticide residues with hydrolyzable functional group in five typical vegetable widely consumed in Republic of Korea is described. The sample clean‐up was carried out according to the method of Food Code No. 83 established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Zorbox XDB‐C18 column was selected for the analysis because of the best peak separation. The LC mobile phase consisted of water and 5 mm methanolic ammonium formate, which resulted in a peak shape with good symmetry at each run. Tandem mass spectroscopic (MS/MS) experiments were performed in ESI positive mode and the multiple reaction monitoring modes. A conventional matrix effect was modified to more comprehensive form 100γij (%). A high matrix effect (<−30%) was detected for the seven polar pesticides, namely thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, aldicarb, thiacloprid, pirimicarb and methabenzthiazuron. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1–8.1 µg/kg, indicating a good sensitivity. Most of the recoveries ranged from 70 to 131% with RSDs ≤ 20%. The current method allowed rapid quantitation and identification of low pesticide levels in the cooked vegetable samples. Of the screened pesticide residues, only fluquinconazole and dimethomorph below the maximum residue levels established by the KFDA were detected in onion and cucumber samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous estimation of four proton pump inhibitors—lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole: development of a novel generic HPLC‐UV method and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Bharathi D. Vijaya , Hotha Kishore Kumar , Jagadeesh B. , Chatki Pankaj K. , Thriveni K. , Mullangi Ramesh , Naidu A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA highly selective, sensitive and accurate HPLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of four proton‐pump inhibitors (PPI), lansoprazole (LPZ), omeprazole (OPZ), pantoprazole (PPZ) and rabeprazole (RPZ), with 500 µL human plasma using zonisamide as an internal standard (IS). The sample preparation involved simple liquid–liquid extraction of LPZ, OPZ, PPZ and RPZ and IS from human plasma with ethyl acetate. The baseline separation of all the peaks was achieved with 0.1% triethylamine (pH 6.0):acetonitrile (72:28, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min on a Zorbax C8 column. The total chromatographic run time was 11.0 min and the simultaneous elution of IS, OPZ, RPZ, PPZ and LPZ occurred at approximately 2.42, 4.45, 5.02 and 9.37 min, respectively. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 20.61–1999.79 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥0.999. The limit of quantitation for each of the PPI studied was 20.61 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy values were found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. The developed assay method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of N‐linked oligosaccharide labeled with 1‐pyrenesulfonyl chloride by quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry after separation by micro‐ and nanoflow liquid chromatography
Authors: Min Jun Zhe , Kurihara Takamasa , Hirata Asuka , Toyo'oka Toshimasa , Inagaki Shinsuke 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe development of a qualitative determination method for the N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins was attempted by the combination of micro‐ or nanoflow LC with Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. The asparaginyl‐oligosaccharides in glycoproteins, liberated from the treatment of Pronase E, were separated, purified and labeled with 1‐pyrenesulfonyl chloride (PSC). The resulting derivatives were separated by the microflow LC system utilizing a 0.5 mm diameter microcolumn or nanoflow LC system utilizing a 75 µm diameter chip column. The eluted N‐linked oligosaccharide derivatives were then introduced into the Q‐TOF‐MS instrument and sensitively detected in the ESI+ mode. Several factors (i.e. fragmentor, skimmer, Vcap voltages and collision energy) affecting the sensitivity of Q‐TOF‐MS/MS detection were optimized in both the micro‐ and nanoflow LC systems. Various fragment ions based on the carbohydrate units appeared on the MS/MS spectra. Among the peaks, m/z 600.16 corresponding to PSC‐labeled Asp‐HexNAc is the most important one to identify the asparaginyl‐oligosaccharide. The N‐linked oligosaccharides in the ovalbumin were easily identified by the selected‐ion chromatogram at m/z 600.16 by the MS/MS detection. Therefore, the identification of N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins seems to be possible by the proposed micro‐ and nanoflow LC separations followed by the Q‐TOF‐MS/MS detection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and sensitive determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Xu Xiangrong , Koetzner Lee , Boulet Jamie , Maselli Harry , Beyenhof Jessica , Grover Gary 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA simple and sensitive analytical method using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) and its major metabolite, salicylic acid (SA), in animal plasma has been developed and validated. Both ASA and SA in plasma samples containing potassium fluoride were extracted using acetonitrile (protein precipitation) with 0.1% formic acid in it. 6‐Methoxysalicylic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). The compounds were separated on a reversed‐phase column. The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used with ion transitions of m/z 178.9 → 136.8, 137.0 → 93.0 and 167.0 → 123.0 for ASA, SA and IS, respectively. The lower limits of quantification for ASA and SA were 3 and 30 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of ASA and SA after p.o. and i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg to rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network in a Box: Facilitating problem‐based learning through network emulation
Authors: Ozturk Yusuf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProblem‐based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical method that challenges students to “learn how to learn” by working cooperatively in groups to develop solutions to real world problems. Network in a Box (NiB) is a unique, engineering‐oriented effort to employ PBL in core computer networks curriculum. Developed as an open‐ended exercise in PBL, NiB sets a learning environment in which student teams design and implement a network emulator using off‐the‐shelf hardware and open‐source software. The aims of this article are twofold. The first goal of this article is to catalogue our efforts at San Diego State University in implementing PBL in a computer networks engineering course. The second goal of this article is to introduce the NiB project as a viable example of PBL in the field of computer networks. This project not only arms students with a good understanding of network impairments but also provides the knowledge of low level packet processing, packet creation, packet injection into the network, meeting real time processing requirements of packet processing and packet filtering. By arming students with an understanding of network impairments, a working knowledge of low‐level packet processing, packet creation, packet injection, and their processing requirements, NiB serves as a model introduction of PBL into the field of computer networks engineering. In this article we disseminate the product specification and system design as an educational and research utility along with an assessment of this project as perceived by students over several semesters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 433–446, 2011
Iron(II) Complexes for the Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Meyer Nils , Lough Alan J. , Morris Robert H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFerrous efficiency: New achiral and chiral iron complexes containing P‐N‐N‐P diiminodiphosphine ligands display high activity—and in the case of the catalyst shown, high enantioselectivity—in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones. This is an important step in the journey to replace precious and toxic platinum metal catalysts with cheap and environmentally friendly iron compounds.magnified imageIron(II) carbonyl compounds of the type trans‐[Fe(NCMe)(CO)(P‐N‐N‐P)][BF4]2 bearing the ethylenediamine‐derived diiminodiphosphine ligands (R,R)‐ or (S,S)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane were synthesized and characterized, including by their crystal structures. The new complexes are suitable precatalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones at room temperature, giving turnover frequencies of up to 2600 h−1 with low catalyst loadings (0.025–0.17 %). Screening experiments showed that the precatalysts are able to produce alcohols from a wide range of simple ketones. For sterically demanding prochiral ketones, excellent enantioselectivities were obtained (up to 96 % ee).
Synthesis, Characterization and Real Molecule DFT Calculations for Neutral Organogallium(I) Aryl Dimers and Monomers: Weakness of GalliumGallium Bonds in Digallenes and Digallynes
Authors: Zhu Zhongliang , Fischer Roland C. , Ellis Bobby D. , Rivard Eric , Merrill W. Alexander , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Power Philip P. , Guo J. D. , Nagase Shigeru , Pu Lihung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMove closer: The galliumgallium bond strength in terphenyl gallium(I) dimers [ArGaGaAr] (see figure) is similar to those in other molecules with closed shell interactions, implying that the GaGa bond in doubly reduced Na2[ArGaGaAr] is much closer to a single than a triple one.magnified imageA series of stable aryl gallium(I) terphenyl derivatives was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically, structurally and by density functional calculations. Dimeric structures with trans‐bent planar CGaGaC core arrangements were observed for [(GaAr*‐4‐tBu)2] (7, Ar*‐4‐tBu=C6H2‐2,6(C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3)2‐4‐tBu) and [(GaAr*‐4‐CF3)2] (8, Ar*‐4‐CF3=C6H2‐2,6(C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3)2‐4‐CF3), whereas monomeric structures featuring one coordinate gallium were observed for the more crowded complexes [:GaAr*‐3,5‐iPr2] (10, Ar*‐3,5‐iPr2=C6H‐2,6(C6H2‐2,4‐6‐iPr3)2‐3,5‐iPr2) and [GaAr′‐3,5‐iPr2] (11, Ar′‐3,5‐iPr2=C6H‐2,6(C6H3‐2,6‐iPr2)2‐3,5‐iPr2). Complexes 7 and 8 dissociate to monomers in hydrocarbon solution and their electronic spectra closely resemble those of 10 and 11 as well as those of [Ar′GaGaAr′] (Ar′=C6H3‐2,6(C6H3‐2,6‐iPr3)2) and [(GaAr*)n] (Ar*=C6H3‐2,6(C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3)2). The calculations showed that the binding energies of the compounds are weak, resemble closed‐shell interactions and average ≈5 kcal mol−1, as in [Ar*GaGaAr*] with a lowest value of ≈−2 kcal mol−1 for monomeric 10 and a highest value ≈9 kcal mol−1 for the least crowded species [Ar′GaGaAr′]. The weak bonding in the complexes supports the view that the GaGa bonding in the previously published doubly reduced Na2[Ar*GaGaAr*] and Na2[Ar′GaGaAr′] is also weak and is consistent with approximate single bonding.
Charge‐Separated and Molecular Heterobimetallic Rare Earth–Rare Earth and Alkaline Earth–Rare Earth Aryloxo Complexes Featuring Intramolecular Metal–π‐arene Interactions
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. , Moxey Graeme J. , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin , St. Prix Courtney , Zuniga Maria F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new family in town! Treatment of a rare‐earth metal (Ln) and either a potential divalent rare‐earth metal (Ln′) or an alkaline earth metal (Ae) with 2,6‐diphenylphenol (HOdpp) at elevated temperatures (200–250 °C) afforded heterobimetallic aryloxo complexes (see figure). Both a charge‐separated species, [(Ln′/Ae)2(Odpp)3][Ln(Odpp)4], and a neutral species, [AeEu(Odpp)4], were obtained and crystallographically characterised.magnified imageTreatment of a rare earth metal (Ln) and a potential divalent rare earth metal (Ln′) or an alkaline earth metal (Ae) with 2,6‐diphenylphenol (HOdpp) at elevated temperatures (200–250 °C) afforded heterobimetallic aryloxo complexes, which were structurally characterised. A charge‐separated species [(Ln′/Ae)2(Odpp)3][Ln(Odpp)4] was obtained for a range of metals, demonstrating the similarities between the chemistry of the divalent rare earth metals and the alkaline earth metals. The [(Ln′/Ae)2(Odpp)3]+ cation in the heterobimetallic structures is unusual in that it consists solely of bridging aryloxide ligands. A molecular heterobimetallic species [AeEu(Odpp)4] (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) was obtained by treating an alkaline earth metal and Eu metal with HOdpp at elevated temperatures. Similarly, [BaSr(Odpp)4] was prepared by treating Ba metal and Sr metal with HOdpp. Treatment of [Ba2(Odpp)4] with [Mg(Odpp)2(thf)2] in toluene afforded [Ba2(Odpp)3][Mg(Odpp)3(thf)]. Analogous solution‐based syntheses were not possible for [(Ln′/Ae)2(Odpp)3][Ln(Odpp)4] complexes, for which the free‐metal route was essential. As a result of the absence of additional donor ligands, the crystal structures of the heterobimetallic complexes feature extensive π‐Ph–metal interactions involving the pendant phenyl groups of the Odpp ligands, thus enabling the large electropositive metal atoms to attain coordination saturation. The charge‐separated heterobimetallic species were purified by extraction with toluene/thf mixtures at ambient temperature (Ba‐containing compounds) or by extraction with toluene under pressure above the boiling point of the solvent (other products). In donor solvents, heterobimetallic complexes other than those containing barium were found to fragment into homometallic species.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transition in the Ruddlesden—Popper Layered Perovskite Li2SrTa2O7.
Authors: Pagnier T. , Rosman N. , Galven C. , Suard E. , Fourquet J. L. , Le Berre F. , Crosnier‐Lopez M. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electronic Response Upon Hole Doping of Rare‐Earth Iron Oxyarsenides Nd1‐xSrxFeAsO (0 < x ≤ 0.2).
Authors: Kasperkiewicz Karolina , Bos Jan‐Willem G. , Fitch Andrew N. , Prassides Kosmas , Margadonna Serena 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Study of Ti—Sn—Y System Phase Equilibria at 473 K
Authors: Zhan Yongzhong , He Linbin , Ma Jianbo , Sun Zan , Zhang Guanghua , Zhuang Yinghong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, Characterizations and Charge‐Density Matching of Novel Amino‐Templated Uranyl Selenates.
Authors: Ling Jie , Sigmon Ginger E. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of GdPt2In and GdPt2Sn.
Authors: Heying Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Hermes Wilfried , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Wolff Rearrangement of Cyclic 2‐Diazo‐1,3‐diketones: An Eco‐Compatible Route to α‐Carbonylated Cycloalkanones.
Authors: Presset Marc , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.