bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐jet nozzle electrospinning on textile substrates: observations on process and nanofibre mat deposition
Authors: Varesano Alessio , Rombaldoni Fabio , Mazzuchetti Giorgio , Tonin Claudio , Comotto Renato 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectrospinning is a simple and versatile process for producing small‐diameter fibres (nanofibres). However, in spite of the many potential applications of electrospun nanofibres, further process developments are still necessary to achieve a decisive productivity breakthrough for electrospinning plants. Increasing knowledge of multi‐jet electrospinning is crucial for developing industrial devices for large‐scale nanofibre production. This paper reports on the effect of a non‐conducting textile substrate placed between a jet‐emitting source (nine‐nozzle arrangement) and collector. Shielding the electric field changes the electrospinning conditions, nanofibre morphology, stability of jets and fibre deposition on the collecting surface. Various perturbation phenomena of the electrically driven jets were recorded and are described. The intensity of the perturbations increases as the weight of the non‐woven substrate increases resulting in defects in the nanofibrous mat (i.e. beaded nanofibres), production of tick fibres or failure to produce fibrous materials (e.g. films, droplets). The paper also reports an objective image‐processing procedure to enhance the evaluation of the collector after nanofibre deposition. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Pyrolysis/gas chromatography applied to problems of sequence analysis and microstructure in copolymers
Authors: Jones C. E. R. , Reynolds G. E. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSolid‐phase pyrolysis directly integrated with gas chromatography has been further developed in the field of polymer studies. The use of the technique applied to polymer structure is reviewed critically, and the application to a range of styrene copolymers is described. The yield of the depolymerising species, styrene, under operating conditions giving reproducible and quantitative results is found to be in qualitative agreement with the structures expected from copolymerisation parameters.In the extreme cases of random and block copolymers, exemplified by commercial butadiene‐styrene copolymers, pyrolysis/gas chromatography is shown to be capable of distinctive differentiation.
The minotaur proteome: Avoiding cross‐species identifications deriving from bovine serum in cell culture models
Authors: Bunkenborg Jakob , García Guadalupe Espadas , Paz Marcia Ivonne Peña , Andersen Jens S. , Molina Henrik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell culture is a fundamental tool in proteomics where mammalian cells are cultured in vitro using a growth medium often supplemented with 5–15% FBS. Contamination by bovine proteins is difficult to avoid because of adherence to the plastic vessel and the cultured cells. We have generated peptides from bovine serum using four sample preparation methods and analyzed the peptides by high mass accuracy LC‐MS/MS. Distinguishing between bovine and human peptides is difficult because of a considerable overlap of identical tryptic peptide sequences. Pitfalls in interpretation, different database search strategies to minimize erroneous identifications and an augmented contaminant database are presented.
The effect of length of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on electrical properties of conducting polymer–SWNT composites
Authors: Singh Inderpreet , Verma A. , Kaur I. , Bharadwaj L. M. , Bhatia V. , Jain V. K. , Bhatia C. S. , Bhatnagar P. K. , Mathur P. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDC conductivity of conjugated polymer‐single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite films has been measured for different SWNT concentrations. The composite was prepared by dispersing SWNTs in the poly (3‐octylthiophene), P3OT matrix already dissolved in xylene. The conductivity of the composite films showed a rapid increase as the SWNT concentration increases beyond a certain value. This behavior is explained in terms of percolating paths provided by the SWNTs in the volume of polymer matrix. To investigate the effect of length of nanotubes on the percolation conductivity, different SWNT samples were employed with similar diameter but varying tube lengths. It was found that the conductivity of the composite films is strongly dominated by the length of the nanotubes. Lower percolation limit and high conductivity value of composite films is observed for longer nanotubes. Furthermore, the conductivity is observed to be dependent on the size of the host polymer molecule also. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 89–95, 2010
The struggle to belong: young people on the move in the countryside
Authors: Leyshon Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper I explore the relationship between marginality and rural youth by revealing the multiplicity of ways in which young people's identities are performed in contemporary rural society. I illustrate how for some rural youth engendering a sense of ‘belonging’ in the countryside is a daily struggle – a struggle embedded in the way power is executed in villages. Recent research illustrates how dominant discourses of rurality reflect and mutually reinforce conventional gender identities and stereotypes in particular places. While emphasising the significance of this work to the study of rurality and identity, this paper argues for the need to extend academic analysis to examine the marginalising influence of dominant constructions of rurality on some young people. Through exploring young people's narratives of self I further develop identity theories around notions of the body through movement in village spaces. Drawing on the experiences of the young people in this study, this paper further demonstrates the existence of highly defined ideas concerning acceptable rural identities and how some young men and women struggle to maintain their sense of belonging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Gentrifying the re‐urbanisation debate’, not vice versa: the uneven socio‐spatial implications of changing transitions to adulthood in Brussels
Authors: Van Criekingen Mathieu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper challenges recent views of the sociospatial transformations of inner‐city neighbourhoods as ‘reurbanisation’, for, it is argued, such views tend to divorce the demographic dimensions of the processes at play from their contrasted social class meanings and implications. In addition, it argues that the ongoing demographic diversification of inner cities in the Western world do not stand for the obsolescence of gentrification as a key concept for understanding sociospatial transformations in these places, but rather that this trend alerts to a need to complement existing interpretations of gentrification with new insights into its demographic underpinnings. This point is illustrated via an exploration of the implications of contemporary changes in transition to adulthood for urban sociospatial structures and housing market dynamics in Brussels. Findings stress that the rapid rise of middle‐class young adults in non‐family households in Brussels' inner neighbourhoods brings about the reinvestment of the existing private rental market, fuelling in turn a process of rental gentrification. Such process exacerbates the competition for residential space in the city, being strongly detrimental to low‐income, working‐class households. The paper concludes that notwithstanding all local specifics, everywhere at stake is the need to keep a clear sense of the multiple social class stratifications of demographic change in inner neighbourhoods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switch ‘on’ and ‘off’ ferromagnetic ordering through the induction and removal of oxygen vacancies and carriers in doped ZnO: A magnetization and electronic structure study
Authors: Singhal R. K. , Samariya A. , Kumar S. , Xing Y. T. , Deshpande U. P. , Shripathi T. , Dolia S. N. , Saitovitch Elisa B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electronic structure and magnetic properties of cobalt‐doped (7.5%) and manganese co‐doped (2.5%) ZnO polycrystalline samples have been investigated to understand the mechanism of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in dilute magnetic semiconductors. The samples in powder form were annealed in argon and hydrogen atmospheres followed by their repressing into pellets and reheating in air. Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns confirmed the single‐phase nature of the samples in the wurtzite type hexagonal (P63mc) ZnO structure. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the Co and Mn atoms are in +2 oxidation states, which incorporate at the Zn2+ site, with no signature of metallic clusters. The Co‐doped sample prepared in air displays a paramagnetic state while the sample annealed in Ar atmosphere shows a weak ferromagnetic ordering at 300 K. The co‐doping of Mn further enhances the ferromagnetic ordering, indicating that Co and Mn ions play an additive role in inducing the ferromagnetic ordering in the ZnO matrix. Interestingly, the Co‐ and (Co + Mn)‐doped ZnO samples annealed in hydrogen atmosphere show a huge increment in the magnetic moment, however, the Mn ions seem to stay passive towards the hydrogen induced magnetization. Notably, the samples reheated in air show suppression of the induced ferromagnetism (FM). The resistance measurements suggest that the additional carriers induced upon hydrogenation also play some role in mediating the exchange coupling. The O 1s XPS and the XRD results show clear evidence of oxygen depletion in the samples upon hydrogenation, followed by a recovery upon their reheating in air. The observed FM is explained in terms of composite effect of the oxygen vacancies and the carrier density. Our results point out that the ferromagnetic ordering could be switched between ‘on’ and ‘off’ by introducing (through hydrogenation) and by removing (through reheating in air) the oxygen vacancies in Co‐doped ZnO.
Optical properties of InN grown on templates with controlled surface polarities
Authors: Kirste Ronny , Wagner Markus R. , Schulze Jan H. , Strittmatter Andre , Collazo Ramon , Sitar Zlatko , Alevli Mustafa , Dietz Nikolaus , Hoffmann Axel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe structural and optical properties of InN layers grown on GaN/sapphire templates with controlled Ga‐/N‐polar surfaces are investigated. Raman spectroscopy and XRD reciprocal space map analysis suggest that the InN layers were grown strain free with a high crystal quality. A line shape analysis of the A1(LO) Raman mode yields to a decreasing carrier concentration for the sample grown on Ga‐polar substrate. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements exhibit a shift to lower energies of the luminescence maximum for the sample grown on Ga‐polar GaN probably due to a reduced carrier concentration and thus, a decreased Burstein–Moss shift. Following this, we demonstrate that the use of polarity controlled GaN/sapphire substrates leads to unstrained layers with good structural and optical properties.
RF and DC characterization of state‐of‐the‐art GaN HEMT devices through cellular Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Marino Fabio Alessio , Guerra Diego , Goodnick Stephen , Ferry David , Saraniti Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHere we report simulation results for high‐frequency, high‐power state‐of‐the‐art GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), using a full band Cellular Monte Carlo simulator, which includes the full details of the band structure and the phonon spectra, in order to study the RF performance of the new promising technology available nowadays.A complete characterization of an InGaN back – barrier device has been performed using experimental data to calibrate the few adjustable parameters of the simulator. Furthermore, a study on a device structure based on the N‐face configuration was performed. Finally, threading dislocation effects on HEMT device transport properties were investigated (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of a spin‐polarized electron emitter with <110>‐oriented magnetite whisker
Authors: Okada Morihiro , Nagai Shigekazu , Neo Yoichiro , Hata Koichi , Mimura Hidenori 
Published: July 2010

Abstract<110>‐oriented single crystal magnetite (Fe3O4) whiskers 30 to 300 nm in diameter were synthesized on a stainless steel plate by means of the combustion flame thermal oxidation process. An electron source with this single magnetite whisker was fabricated by using a micro‐sampling instrument in an FIB system. The temperature dependence of the spin polarization of field‐emitted electrons from this electron source was measured by using a Mott electron polarimeter. The spin polarization of this sample was found to be 15% at room temperature. This emitter is an oxidative resistance, and can be handled in the atmosphere. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unraveling electromagnetic resonance of two‐dimensional ordered nanoparticle arrays with a dipole‐coupling model
Authors: Chang Sheng Hsiung , Lin Bang‐Yan , Cheng Tian‐You , Wang Juen‐Kai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe authors report the development of a dipole‐coupling model to reveal the localized and propagating plasmon waves of two‐dimensional ordered nanoparticle arrays. Such model accurately predicts the distinct optical behaviours of the arrays arranged in square and hexagonal lattices, which would not be possible with traditional effective‐medium models. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rhodiola‐induced inhibition of adipogenesis involves antioxidant enzyme response associated with pentose phosphate pathway
Authors: Lee Ok‐Hwan , Kwon Young‐In , Apostolidis Emmanouil , Shetty Kalidas , Kim Young‐Cheul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether Rhodiola crenulata extract and tyrosol, a major bioactive phenolic compound present in Rhodiola, change the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzyme response (AER) and energy pathways linked to proline‐mediated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during adipogenesis. Treatment with Rhodiola extracts inhibited the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as well as lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The inhibition of PDH and G6PDH activities by Rhodiola likely prevented proline oxidation required for critical ATP generation that is coupled to AER via the PPP, leading to inhibition of adipogenesis. Rhodiola extracts dose‐dependently increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, resulting in a reduced ROS level during adipogenesis. Moreover, the effects of tyrosol, a major bioactive compound in Rhodiola species, were directly correlated with all observed effects by Rhodiola extracts. These results indicate that the antiadipogenic effects of Rhodiola extracts can be attributed to a phenolic tyrosol that may potentially disrupt proline‐mediated energy generation and AER via PPP, resulting in the suppression of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. This further provides a biochemical rationale to identify the roles of phenolics that modulate the cellular redox environment and therefore have relevance for obesity management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representing turbulent mixing of non‐conservative values in Eulerian and Lagrangian cloud models
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander , Magaritz Leehi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn many explicit microphysics cloud models the description of turbulent mixing of droplet size distributions (DSDs) treats them as conservative quantities, which leads to changes in DSDs for adiabatic profiles of liquid water. A new approach representing turbulent diffusion of DSD in Eulerian and Lagrangian cloud models is proposed. The approach is an extension of the classical K‐theory (used for calculation of turbulent fluxes) to the mixing of non‐conservative quantities. The proposed approach takes into account the growth/evaporation of drops as well as nucleation/denucleation in the course of the turbulent mixing. Implementation of the method is illustrated by the analysis of mixing between several different pairs of adjacent Lagrangian parcels: two cloudy parcels, a cloudy parcel with a drop‐free one, and two drop‐free parcels. The initial values of DSD and other parameters of the parcels are taken from simulations of stratocumulus clouds using the Lagrangian trajectory ensemble model. It is shown that taking into account the non‐conservativity of DSD makes the rate and the results of mixing strongly dependent on the mutual locations of the parcels. The effects of mixing increase with the deviation of the vertical profile of liquid water content (LWC) from the adiabatic one. If the upper parcel contains a larger LWC, the effect of mixing on the DSD is significantly weaker than for lower LWC in the upper parcel. The mixing near cloud base and cloud top is more intense. The standard method underestimates the rate of mixing near cloud top and overestimates it near cloud base.The proposed approach can serve as an efficient tool for investigating the role of mixing in Eulerian and Lagrangian models of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The ECMWF model climate: recent progress through improved physical parametrizations
Authors: Jung T. , Balsamo G. , Bechtold P. , Beljaars A. C. M. , Köhler M. , Miller M. J. , Morcrette J.‐J. , Orr A. , Rodwell M. J. , Tompkins A. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe progress achieved since 2005 in simulating today's climate with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model through improved physical parametrizations is described. Results are based on climate integrations at an intermediate horizontal resolution (TL159) using major model versions employed operationally at ECMWF since June 2005. Recent improvements to the physical parametrization package are shown to substantially reduce long‐standing systematic model deficiencies in the tropical precipitation, convectively coupled tropical waves, and circulation features in the Northern Hemisphere Extratropics including synoptic‐scale variability and Euro‐Atlantic blocking. The climate integrations are augmented by a set of monthly forecast experiments. By considering the atmospheric response in a seamless sense, i.e. from time‐scales of hours to many months, an attempt is made to understand the impact of changes to the convection and radiation schemes. Overall, the largest and mostly beneficial impact results from the introduction of a major revision to the convection scheme made in November 2007. This is true for systematic errors in the Tropics and Extratropics over a wide range of time‐scales as well as for the short‐range and medium‐range deterministic forecast skill over the Northern Hemisphere. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparing methods of measurement: Extending the LoA by regression
Authors: Carstensen Bendix 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMethod comparison studies are usually analyzed by computing limits of agreement (LoA). If only one measurement by each method is taken on each person, and the difference across the range is not constant, it has been suggested (Stat. Methods Med. Res. 1999; 8:136–160) to regress the differences on the averages and use the resulting equation to construct LoA.LoA can be converted to a prediction foumula for one method given a measurement by the other. The meaning of the regression of differences on means is clarified in the framework of a proper model and prediction equations linking one method to another are devised. The performance of this model based method is evaluated against the simple approach proposed earlier and against the Deming regression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplified computation of the multivariate permutation test for arbitrarily censored survival data
Authors: Marcuson Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper points out that the permutational covariance matrix of the multivariate generalization1,2 of Gehan's test3 on censored survival data enjoys the useful property that a generalized inverse may be explicitly computed. This leads to an exceedingly simple formula for the test statistic. The ease of the resulting calculations is displayed with a brief example from exercise stress testing.
Statistical analysis of gait patterns of persons with cerebral palsy
Authors: Wong M. Anthony , Simon Sheldon , Olshen Richard A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPatients at Boston's Children's Hospital diagnosed as having cerebral palsy were filmed walking. These films were digitized and translated into measurements associated with leg motion. In this paper we use the gait measurements of 128 such patients to illustrate that the kth nearest neighbour clustering procedure results in a gait typology for patients with cerebral palsy. The procedure identifies four subpopulations from the sample data; the membership of a patient within this typology is mostly determined by the patient's motor control. The developed typology differs from the present diagnostic system which classifies a cerebral palsy patient as either quadriplegic, diaplegic or hemiplegic.
Cautions on the use of medical databases
Authors: Mantel Nathan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of medical databases is tied in with the conduct of epidemiologic and clinical investigations. I expound the thesis that investigative results are frequently ambiguous and subject to a multiplicity of interpretations, some even diametrically opposed, and describe examples of such situations. For instance, the very fact that an agent is particularly safe may make it seem dangerous—the agent becomes the one of choice for high risk patients. Other topics include the use of models, including regression models, Cox's proportional hazard model, the search for epidemiologic interactions, ratio measures, and grouping effects.
Predicted mortality patterns in cohort study populations exposed to different types of hazard: Can SMRS show a dose‐response?
Authors: Bell C. M. Janine , Coleman Derek A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe analysis of data from cohort studies by duration of exposure and time since first exposure (latent interval) has been investigated using a simulation approach. These two analyses are often performed when the estimator of risk, commonly the O/E ratio or SMR, shows evidence of a raised risk. Two measures of risk were tested in the detailed analyses: the O/E ratio and the excess death rate. The latter was found to reflect the ‘dose‐response’ relationship more accurately for a variety of hazard types. Attention is drawn to possible biases and to the importance of adjustment for age in these analyses.