bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary saturated and omega‐3 fatty acids affect growth and fatty acid profiles of Malaysian mahseer
Authors: Ramezani‐Fard Ehsan , Kamarudin Mohd Salleh , Harmin Sharr Azni , Saad Che Roos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe current study was conducted to determine optimal levels of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA), n‐3 PUFA and to study potential n‐3 sparing effect of dietary SFA for Malaysian mahseer Tor tambroides. Juvenile T. tambroides were fed four trial diets with similar basal composition but different oil mixtures in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design for 10 weeks. The two factors were the levels of dietary SFA and the levels of dietary n‐3 PUFAs. Growth performance and fatty acid profile of tissues were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Significant differences in growth performance were observed among treatments, and fish fed the diet low in n‐3 and high in SFA showed the best growth performance. T. tambroides fed the high n‐3 diets showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) muscle total n‐3 PUFA content compared to fish fed the low n‐3 diets. The highest 22:6 n‐3 and total n‐3 PUFA content of the liver were also observed in fish fed the low n‐3 and high SFA diet. However, the significant interaction (p<0.05) between dietary SFA and n‐3 PUFA levels was observed for the total n‐3 PUFA content of both muscle and liver tissues, suggesting an n‐3 sparing action by dietary SFA. The results of this study suggest that 2.5% n‐3 PUFA in the diet of T. tambroides, with an SFA to n‐3 ratio of 15.3, is sufficient to provide the best growth performance and to retain the n‐3 content of tissues.Practical applications: The continuous increase of world population and growth of aquaculture industry put severe pressure on the marine resources such as fish oil and fishmeal. Here we show that fish oil can be substituted with palm oil, a cheaper and more available source of oil in tropical countries, in the diet of Malaysian mahseer without a reduction of growth. Moreover, palm oil as a source of SFA may spare omega‐3 in the fish tissues. Omega‐3 is an essential fatty acid for humans as final consumer of edible fish.
Robustness of the hybrid DRP‐WENO scheme for shock flow computations
Authors: Wan Zhen‐Hua , Zhou Lin , Sun De‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes a new variant of hybrid scheme that is constructed by a wave‐capturing scheme and a nonoscillatory scheme for flow computations in the presence of shocks. The improved fifth‐order upwind weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme is chosen to be conjugated with the seven‐point dispersion‐relation‐preserving scheme by means of an adaptive switch function of grid‐point type. The new hybrid scheme can achieve a better resolution than the hybrid scheme which is based on the classical weighted essentially scheme. Ami Harten's multiresolution analysis algorithm is applied to density field for detecting discontinuities and setting point values of the switch function adaptively. Moreover, the tenth‐order central filter is applied in smooth part of the flow field for damping dispersion errors. This scheme can promote overall computational efficiency and yield oscillation‐free results in shock flows. The resolution properties and robustness of the new hybrid scheme are tested in both 1D and 2D linear and nonlinear cases. It performs well for computing flow problems with rich structures of weak/strong shocks and large/small vortices, such as the shock‐boundary layer interaction problem in a shock tube, which illustrates that it is very robust and accurate for direct numerical simulation of gas‐dynamics flows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAIN OR SATELLITE? TESTING CAUSALITY‐IN‐MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR DUALLY LISTED STOCKS
Authors: Qadan Mahmod , Yagil Joseph 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper extends prior research on the dominant‐satellite relationship of dually listed stocks. We use a robust test for causality‐in‐variance and causality‐in‐mean to explore for any information feedback effect between stocks listed in two non‐synchronized international markets. We apply a GARCH‐expanded error correction model to a sample of 15 cross‐listed stocks on the Tel‐Aviv Stock Exchange (considered here as the domestic market) and NASDAQ. The domestic market was found generally the driver of prices' mean and variance, indicating that price discovery occurs in the domestic market. In addition, we find that the stock volatility both in the domestic and the foreign markets is affected by the exchange rate innovations. Also, although the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Israeli Shekel was volatile in recent years, our findings show that the prices of the dual securities are generally co‐integrated, indicating both an absence of arbitrage opportunities and long‐term equilibrium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residence time of fine‐root carbon using radiocarbon measurements of samples collected from a soil archive
Authors: Fröberg Mats 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFine roots from the soil archive of the Swedish National Forest Soil Inventory, collected in 1964, 1972, 1985, and 1998, were analyzed for 14C contents. Two different methods of estimating residence time were compared. Residence time of root C was estimated to be 8 y using a steady state 1‐pool model.
The Structure and Aggregation of Hydrogen‐Bonded Interpolymer Complexes of Poly(acrylic acid) With Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) in Dilute Aqueous Solution
Authors: Henke Artur , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Wolszczak Marian , Ulański Piotr , Boyko Volodymyr , Schmidt Thomas , Arndt Karl‐Friedrich , Rosiak Janusz M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded complexation between high‐molecular‐weight poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, $\overline{M}_{\rm w}$ = 650 kDa) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with weight‐average molar weights between 0.9 and 50 kDa, is studied in dilute, salt‐free aqueous solution. The onset of complexation, aggregation, and the structure of the formed particles are strongly influenced by PAA molecular weight, solution composition, and the method of sample preparation. With increasing poly(acrylic acid) chain length, IPCs show higher stability against aggregation. IPCs based on high‐molecular‐weight PAA show core‐corona architecture ensuring good sterical stabilization, whereas for those containing the shortest polyacid a loose soft‐sphere structure without distinct borders of different chain densities is found.
Modeling and prediction of weld shear strength in friction stir spot welding using design of experiments and neural network
Authors: Kulekci M. K. , Esme U. , Er O. , Kazancoglu Y. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFriction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is a kind of the friction stir welding (FSW) process, creates a spot, lap‐weld without bulk melting work materials. The tensile shear strength of the FSSW welded joints mainly depends on the pin height, tool rotation and welding time. In the present study, two of the techniques, namely factorial design and neural network (NN) were used for modeling and predicting the tensile shear strength of EN AW 5005 aluminum alloy. Tensile shear strength was taken as a response variable measured after welding pin height, tool rotation and welding speed were taken as input parameters. Relationships between tensile shear strength and welding parameters have been investigated. The level of importance of the FSSW parameters on the tensile shear strength was determined by using the analysis of variance method (ANOVA). The mathematical relation between the tensile shear strength and FSSW welding parameters were established by regression analysis method. This mathematical model may be used in estimating the tensile shear strength of FSSW joints without performing any experiments. Finally, predicted values of tensile shear strength by techniques, NN and regression analysis, were compared with the experimental results and their nearness with the experimental values assessed. Results show that, NN is a good alternative to empirical modeling based on full factorial design.
Inverse association between glutathione peroxidase activity and both selenium‐binding protein 1 levels and gleason score in human prostate tissue
Authors: Jerome‐Morais Anita , Wright Margaret E. , Liu Rui , Yang Wancai , Jackson Matthew I. , Combs Gerald F. , Diamond Alan M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDData from human epidemiological studies, cultured mammalian cells, and animal models have supported a potentially beneficial role of selenium (Se) in prostate cancer prevention. In addition, Se‐containing proteins including members of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family and Selenium‐Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) have been linked to either cancer risk or development. For example, SBP1 levels are typically reduced in tumors compared to non‐cancerous tissue, with the degree of reduction associated with increasingly poor clinical outcome.METHODSIn order to investigate inter‐relationships between blood and tissue Se levels and GPx activity, tissue SBP1 levels, and disease aggressiveness using the Gleason score, we measured levels of selenium and selected selenoproteins in fasting serum and histologically normal prostate tissues obtained from 24 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer.RESULTSGPx enzyme activity was inversely correlated with SBP1 levels in prostate tissue as determined by densitometry of Western blots obtained using anti‐SBP1 antibodies [partial Spearman's correlation coefficients and corresponding P‐values overall and in African‐Americans = −0.42 (0.08) and −0.53 (0.10), respectively], which is consistent with previous observations in cultured cells and mice. Of particular interest was the positive correlation between tissue GPx activity and Gleason score, with this relationship achieving statistical significance among African‐Americans (r = 0.67, P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONThese studies support the continued investigation of the role of Se and selenoproteins in prostate cancer prevention, development, and prognosis. Prostate 72:1006–1012, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BOOTSTRAP SAMPLING IS WITH REPLACEMENT: A COMMENT ON AYLLÓN ET AL. (2011)
Authors: Williams J. G. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe bootstrap can be used to estimate confidence intervals for complex statistics such as weighted usable area, the habitat index calculated by the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) and related models. Use of the bootstrap entails sampling with replacement from the original sample, such as a set of PHABSIM transects. Because the method has been improperly applied to PHABSIM transects in several instances, I explain in detail why bootstrap sampling is with replacement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialogic framing of scientific content for conceptual and epistemic understanding
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Wargo Brian M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article draws on M. M. Bakhtin's (1981) notion of dialogism to articulate what it means to understand a scientific idea. In science, understanding an idea is both conceptual and epistemic and is exhibited by an ability to use it in explanation and argumentation. Some distillation of these activities implies that dialogic understanding of a scientific idea includes being able to use it to explain natural phenomena, being aware that it is one among a multiplicity of alternatives, and that the scientific idea is superior to alternatives based upon a scientific evaluation which involves relating it to evidence. This notion of dialogic understanding is related here to a scaffolding framework, which we argue characterizes one form of instructional support for framing content dialogically as part of explanation and argumentation. For illustration, the framework is applied to data from a high school evolutionary biology course. In contrast to the prevailing position that dialogic understanding should be supported through engaging in argumentation (i.e., actual dialogue), we entertain an additional possibility that dialogic understanding can be supported through dialogic framing. We also entertain the possibility that dialogic framing of content can provide initial support for student engagement in argumentation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed96:369–391, 2012
Young African American children constructing academic and disciplinary identities in an urban science classroom
Authors: Kane Justine M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a framework for exploring the academic and disciplinary identities young African American children construct in urban science classrooms. Using interviews, fieldnotes, and videotapes of classroom lessons, I juxtapose the ways in which two children tell about their experiences in school and science with their performances of self in the midst of complex, spontaneous classroom engagements with their peers and teacher. I found that the children's performances of self in the classroom were consistent with the ways they spoke about themselves in the interviews. I also found that the academic identities they constructed were different from their disciplinary identities, and these differing identities were consistent across analytic contexts. Moreover, the identities the children constructed in the interviews nuanced my understandings of what I observed in the classroom in significant ways. I argue that juxtaposing narrated and performed analytical contexts offers affordances for understanding academic and disciplinary identities constructions in school and science. Moreover, it is important both to listen to children's stories about their experiences in addition to observing their ways of being in the classroom to fully understand their experiences of school and science. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:457–487, 2012
Relationship between Chronic Inflammation at Prostate Biopsy and Transition Zone Prostate Volume Enlargement in a Prospectively UK Screened Population
Authors: Chopra Samarth , Rowe Edward , Laniado Marc , Walker Marjorie 
Published: November 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between histological prostatic inflammation and prostate volume at the time of prostate biopsy. Patients and methods: From a prospective prostate cancer screening study, 137 men aged 50–65 years, underwent prostate biopsies negative for cancer, forming the study population. Biopsy criteria were prostate specific antigen (PSA) >4 ng/ml ( n = 40), or between 1.1 and 4ng/ml with a percent free PSA (%fPSA) <25% ( n = 97). Total gland (TG) and transition zone (TZ) volumes were measured prior to TRUS guided biopsy. Histological classification included chronic inflammation (CIlymphocyte predominant), active inflammation (AI-neutrophil predominant), and benign prostatic tissue (BPT-no inflammatory cells). A logistic regression analysis was performed using age, TPSA, %fPSA, histology, TZ and TG volume, TZ/TG ratio, PSA density, and transition zone PSA density as continuous variables. We also mailed validated self-administered symptom scores to men in the three histological subgroups (men without cancer) at a median of follow up of 6.5 years (range 5.9–7.1 years) after screening and biopsy. Results: Histological chronic inflammation ( n = 78, 57%) at biopsy was associated with a larger mean TG volume (30.8cc) than active inflammation ( n =7, 22.7cc) and benign prostatic tissue ( n = 52, 25.9cc). On bivariate analysis, chronic inflammation was associated with greater TZ volume ( p = 0.0015) and TZ/TG ratio ( p = 0.0008). On multivariate analysis, chronic inflammation was the only independent variable associated with a greater ratio of the TZ to TG volume (odds ratio 478, p = 0.005). IPPS symptoms scores were completed and returned by 88 men (66% compliance). In men with chronic inflammation (49), active inflammation (5), and benign tissue (30), the mean IPSS scores were 10.9, 7.2, and 8.7, respectively. These differences did not reach statistical significance p > 0.05. Conclusions: In this younger screened population, chronic inflammation was associated with greater prostate gland volume secondary to transition zone volume enlargement. Further research is needed to establish a causally related link for this observation.
Quality of Feedback Using Workplace Based Assessments in Urological Training
Authors: Ali A.S. , Bussey M. , O'Flynn K.J. , Eardley I. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: The ISCP (Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme) was introduced in 2007. It heralded a shift in surgical training from the traditional apprenticeship model, to a system where competence is assessed regularly within the workplace. Central to ISCP is the recording of Workplace Based Assessments, such as PBA (procedure-based assessment) and DOPS (Direct Observation of Procedural Skills). These are assessments “for” learning rather than assessments “of” learning and central to their purpose is detailed feedback from trainer to trainee. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the feedback recorded on ISCP. Methods: The anonymised ISCP portfolios for 170 core and specialty urology trainees working in 16 deaneries were analysed. Over a three month period 469 DOPS and 592 PBAs were recorded and the presence and quality of assessors' feedback were evaluated according to the presence of five criteria: • Encouragement through positive language, • Including strengths, • Raising appropriate development needs, • Suggestions for appropriate corrective action, • Providing explanations. Results: Feedback was recorded in 49% and 67% of PBAs and DOPS respectively. In those assessments where feedback was recorded, positive language was used in 83% in PBAs and 70% in DOPS. Strengths were recorded in 53% for both tools. Developmental needs, suggestions for development and detailed explanation were recorded in 25%, 26%, 29% for PBAs and 24%, 23%, 19% for DOPS respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of feedback being recorded on ISCP and the paucity of good quality feedback when it was given.
Clinical and neurobiological correlates of soluble amyloid precursor proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Alexopoulos Panagiotis , Tsolakidou Amalia , Roselli Francesco , Arnold Anila , Grimmer Timo , Westerteicher Christine , Leante Maria Rosaria , Förstl Hans , Livrea Paolo , Kurz Alexander , Perneczky Robert 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundAccording to a widely accepted hypothesis, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is processed by two competing pathways: the amyloidogenic β‐secretase–mediated pathway or the nonamyloidogenic α‐secretase–mediated pathway. APP is cleaved preferentially through the nonamyloidogenic pathway in normal brain, whereas the balance shifts to the amyloidogenic pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The levels of the α‐secretase–cleaved soluble APP (sAPPα) and β‐secretase–cleaved soluble APP (sAPPβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are likely to reflect these competing mechanisms.MethodsWe investigated the levels and the relationship between sAPPα and sAPPβ in the CSF of 64 patients with mild AD, 76 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 12 cognitively healthy control subjects, as well as the effect of apolipoprotein E genotype and sex on soluble APP levels.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between sAPPα and sAPPβ levels in all three groups. sAPPα and sAPPβ concentrations were higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment compared with patients with AD. In the AD group, females exhibited higher sAPPα and sAPPβ levels than males. No influence of the apolipoprotein E genotype on soluble APP concentrations was detected.DiscussionThe positive correlation between sAPPα and sAPPβ challenges the hypothesis that AD is caused by an imbalance of the α‐ and β‐secretase APP proteolysis through competing mechanisms. Moreover, the differences in CSF levels of sAPPα and sAPPβ between male and female patients with AD may reflect a “sexual dimorphism” in the activity of the two APP processing pathways in AD.
FRAGILE HEGEMONY, FLEXIBLE AUTHORITARIANISM, AND GOVERNING FROM BELOW: POLITICIANS' REPORTS IN EARLY REPUBLICAN TURKEY
Authors: Metinsoy Murat 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article scrutinizes election district and inspection district reports written by the deputies of the Turkish single-party government and the role of these reports in state decision making. Underscoring social discontent and the fragile hegemony of the new regime—both of which motivated the republican elite to monitor state and party administrations and public opinion—the article argues that the practice of reporting was neither a project of social engineering nor a practice peculiar to the Turkish state but rather a requirement of a polity concerned with the opinion of its citizens. In the absence of direct political participation of the people in government, the reports mediated between the state and society. Contrary to conventional accounts of the single-party period, the article argues that the republican elite did not govern the country through top-down decrees but instead sought to ascertain public opinion and its own administrative defects so as to consolidate its fragile hegemony. Based on these findings, I propose that we redefine the early republican state as a flexible authoritarian regime that was not detached from the society.
Visual media and political communication: reporting about suffering in Kinshasa
Authors: Pype Katrien 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTMany sub-Saharan African societies have undergone significant political shifts in the last two decades. Changes in political representation and leadership have generated new forms of political mediation and communication. This article interrogates one of the most visible transformations in Kinshasa's political society: television news reports about urban misery, often resulting from a malfunctioning state, in which Kinshasa's inhabitants testify about their difficulties and press fellow citizens, as well as local and national leaders, to bring about change. Exposing suffering is a shame mobilisation strategy, and so becomes a political act. Through the discursive and visual aesthetics of the proximity account, citizens and political leaders are inserted into one political community. The main argument of this article is that the proximity account illustrates a new kind of political communication. In this article I analyse the socio-political contexts in which the proximity report emerged and became popular. I trace the materialisation of this new kind of interaction between political leaders and citizens to the transformation of the late Zaïrian ‘state’, to vernacular understandings of ‘democracy’, and to the influence of NGO activities and Pentecostal Christianity.
Compassion in Contemporary Social Policy: Applications of Virtue Theory
Authors: COLLINS MARY ELIZABETH , COONEY KATE , GARLINGTON SARAH 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCurrent academic debate in the social sciences and humanities is revisiting the role of virtue in civic life. This debate is relevant to social policy. We argue that virtue is already an implicit component of policy debates, but that the virtue of compassion has not received sufficient emphasis. To support our argument we review classical and contemporary arguments regarding virtue and its linkage to the ‘good society’; articulate the necessity of compassion and its application to specific policies areas (e.g., domestic violence, welfare, emergency care); and assess how compassion intersects with other virtues in the policy environment. Policy implications are identified including: recognition of the realities of suffering, the need for sufficient administrative infrastructure and trained professionals and an often long-term commitment to work in community settings. Weighing the risks, and the overall challenges of virtuous action, our analysis suggests compassion remains a compelling, yet under-utilised, basis for constructing and implementing policies.