bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Induction of sustained remission in recurrent catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome via inhibition of terminal complement with eculizumab
Authors: Shapira Iuliana , Andrade Danieli , Allen Steven L. , Salmon Jane E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveCatastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is characterized by histopathologic evidence of small vessel thrombosis, dysfunction of multiple organs occurring over a short period of time, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Treatment of CAPS focuses on anticoagulation therapy and on removal of aPL that promote thrombosis by activating endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets. Studies in animal models support the hypothesis that a more targeted intervention, such as complement inhibition, may be an effective means to prevent aPL‐induced thrombosis. Herein we describe use of an inhibitor of complement activation to treat CAPS that was refractory to conventional therapy.MethodsOur patient was a young man who had recurrent CAPS characterized by multiple arterial thromboses in large and small vessels despite maximal anticoagulation, immunosuppression, and plasma exchange therapy. We treated him with eculizumab, an anti‐C5 monoclonal antibody that blocks activation of terminal complement.ResultsAdministration of eculizumab, at doses that blocked complement activity, aborted acute progressive thrombotic events, reversed thrombocytopenia, and was associated with no further clinical episodes of thrombosis during >3 years of therapy.ConclusionThis first report of the use and clinical efficacy of eculizumab, an inhibitor of complement activation, in the treatment of CAPS demonstrates both the importance of complement (specifically, terminal complement components) in the pathogenesis of CAPS and the therapeutic benefit of complement inactivation.
A new screening method for flunitrazepam in vodka and tequila by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Leesakul Nararak , Pongampai Sirintip , Kanatharana Proespichaya , Sudkeaw Pravit , Tantirungrotechai Yuthana , Buranachai Chittanon 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA new screening method for flunitrazepam in colourless alcoholic beverages based on a spectroscopic technique is proposed. Absorption and steady‐state fluorescence of flunitrazepam and its protonated form with various acids were investigated. The redshift of the wavelength of maximum absorption was distinctively observed in protonated flunitrazepam. An emissive fluorescence at 472 nm was detected in colourless spirits (vodka and tequila) at room temperature. 2‐M perchloric acid was the most appropriated proton source. By using electron ionization mass spectrometry and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, the possible structure of protonated flunitrazepam was identified to be 2‐nitro‐N‐methylacridone, an acridone derivative as opposed to 2‐methylamino‐5‐nitro‐2′‐fluorobenzophenone, a benzophenone derivative. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFTr Studies of Five‐ and Six‐Residue Cyclic‐β(1→4) Cellulosic Molecules
Authors: Momany Frank A. , Schnupf Udo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDensity functional (DFT) conformational in vacuo studies of cellobiose have shown that ϕH‐anti conformations are low in energy relative to the syn forms, while the ψH‐anti forms are higher in energy. Further, as the cellulosic fragments became larger than a disaccharide and new hydrogen bonding interactions between multiple residues become available, stable low energy ϕH‐anti, and ψH‐anti cellulosic structures became possible. To test the stability of cyclic anti‐conformations, a number of β‐linked five‐ and six‐residue molecules were created and then energy optimized in solvent (water, n‐heptane) using the implicit solvation method COSMO at the B3LYP level of theory. The created symmetric cyclic structures were without distortion. Upon optimization some cyclic conformations were found to be of low energy when compared with linear five‐ and six‐residue chains, after correcting the energy for the exclusion of a water molecule upon cyclization. It was also obvious from the hydrogen bonding network formed above and below the plane of the cyclic structure that these structures could exhibit strong synergistic tendencies. The conformational energy preferences for clockwise “c” and counter‐clockwise “r” hydroxyl groups and preference for the hydroxymethyl rotamers is described. Because these structures contain energetically unfavorable flipped conformations in water, that is, dihedral angles of ∼180°/0° or ∼0°/180° in ϕH/ψH, it is clear that the synthesis of these compounds will be challenging. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:568–576, 2012.
Effects of phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon limitation on biomass composition in batch and continuous flow cultures of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii
Authors: Pleissner Daniel , Eriksen Niels T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe have used phosphate, nitrogen, or carbon limited batch and continuous flow cultures to study how growth and biochemical composition of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii CCMP 316 is affected by nutrient limitation. Specific contents of phosphorous, proteins, and starch were differently affected by nutrient limitation. The specific phosphorous content in C. cohnii varied 10–20 times depending on phosphate availability in the medium. When phosphate was available it was taken up in excess and stored to be re‐utilized during phosphate limitation. The specific protein content varied twofold. At most conditions, proteins made up 12–15% of the biomass dry weight but when cells were nitrogen limited, the specific protein content was only half this value. Floridean starch was the major cell constituent of C. cohnii accounting for 40–50% of the biomass dry weight. Only during carbon limitation did the specific starch content decrease. In contrast was the specific lipid content almost unaffected by nutrient availability and lipids accounted for 12–15% of the biomass dry weight irrespectively of which nutrient that was limiting. Lipid production does therefore not depend on nutrient limitation in C. cohnii and lipids are produced even by carbon limited cells. Cultures grown under phosphate limitation resulted in formation of cells with maximal specific contents of all the three major cell constituents; starch, lipid, and protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2005–2016. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leukocyte counting from a small amount of whole blood using a size‐controlled microcavity array
Authors: Hosokawa Masahito , Asami Marie , Nakamura Seita , Yoshino Tomoko , Tsujimura Noriyuki , Takahashi Masayuki , Nakasono Satoshi , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Matsunaga Tadashi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAbsolute counting of total leukocytes or specific subsets within small amounts of whole blood is difficult due to a lack of techniques that enable separation of all leukocytes from limited amounts of whole blood. In this study, a microfluidic device equipped with a size‐controlled microcavity array for highly efficient separation of leukocytes from submicroliters of whole blood was developed. The microcavity array can separate leukocytes from whole blood based on differences in the size and deformability between leukocytes and other blood cells. Leukocytes recovered on aligned microcavities were continuously processed for image‐based immunophenotypic analysis. Our device successfully recovered over 90% of leukocytes in 1 µL of whole blood without pretreatment such as density gradient centrifugation or erythrocyte lysis. In addition, the proposed system successfully performed absolute enumeration of human CD4+ and CD8+ leukocytes from 1 µL of whole blood, and the obtained data showed good correlation with conventional flow cytometric analysis. Our microfluidic device has great potential as a tool for a point‐of‐care leukocyte analysis system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2017–2024. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential effects of nitrogen and sulfur deprivation on growth and biodiesel feedstock production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Cakmak Turgay , Angun Pinar , Demiray Yunus Emre , Ozkan Alper Devrim , Elibol Zeynep , Tekinay Turgay 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBiodiesel production from microalgae is a promising approach for energy production; however, high cost of its process limits the use of microalgal biodiesel. Increasing the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, which is used as a biodiesel feedstock, in microalgae has been achieved mainly by nitrogen starvation. In this study, we compared effects of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) starvation on TAG accumulation and related parameters in wild‐type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC‐124 mt(−) and CC‐125 mt(+) strains. Cell division was interrupted, protein and chlorophyll levels rapidly declined while cell volume, total neutral lipid, carotenoid, and carbohydrate content increased in response to nutrient starvation. Cytosolic lipid droplets in microalgae under nutrient starvation were monitored by three‐dimensional confocal laser imaging of live cells. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that relative TAG, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide levels increased rapidly in response to nutrient starvation, especially S starvation. Both strains exhibited similar levels of regulation responses under mineral deficiency, however, the degree of their responses were significantly different, which emphasizes the importance of mating type on the physiological response of algae. Neutral lipid, TAG, and carbohydrate levels reached their peak values following 4 days of N or S starvation. Therefore, 4 days of N or S starvation provides an excellent way of increasing TAG content. Although increase in these parameters was followed by a subsequent decline in N‐starved strains after 4 days, this decline was not observed in S‐starved ones, which shows that S starvation is a better way of increasing TAG production of C. reinhardtii than N starvation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1947–1957. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization and evaluation of CHO‐specific sequence databases for mass spectrometry based proteomics
Authors: Meleady Paula , Hoffrogge Raimund , Henry Michael , Rupp Oliver , Bort Juan Hernandez , Clarke Colin , Brinkrolf Karina , Kelly Shane , Müller Benjamin , Doolan Padraig , Hackl Matthias , Beckmann Tim Frederik , Noll Thomas , Grillari Johannes , Barron Niall , Pühler Alf , Clynes Martin , Borth Nicole 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecently released sequence information on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells promises to not only facilitate our understanding of these industrially important cell factories through direct analysis of the sequence, but also to enhance existing methodologies and allow new tools to be developed. In this article we demonstrate the utilization of CHO specific sequence information to improve mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic identification. The use of various CHO specific databases enabled the identification of 282 additional proteins, thus increasing the total number of identified proteins by 40–50%, depending on the sample source and methods used. In addition, a considerable portion of those proteins that were identified previously based on inter‐species sequence homology were now identified by a larger number of peptides matched, thus increasing the confidence of identification. The new sequence information offers improved interpretation of proteomic analyses and will, in the years to come, prove vital to unraveling the CHO proteome. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1386–1394. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of fexofenadine in biological matrices: a review of bioanalytical methods
Authors: Yao Ming , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFexofenadine (FEX) has been extensively used for therapeutic benefits after the market withdrawal of terfenadine. Recently, the popularity of FEX has emerged owing to its unique disposition via drug transporters and, hence, it has been used as a model probe for both in vitro and in vivo investigations to understand mechanistic aspects of drug–drug interactions (DDI). Going hand in hand with the increased use of FEX in therapy and research, numerous bioanalytical methods for FEX have been published. The various published bioanalytical methods for FEX are collated in this review to provide a comprehensive information on extraction methodology, assay conditions, chromatography and detection systems. Generally, the published methods have been adequately validated and can be readily used to support the use of FEX in pharmcokinetic, DDI and mechanistic investigations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PD and fuzzy logic control for earthquake resilient structures
Authors: Alvarez Pedro , McElwain Brittany , Thesing Laura , Edalath Sanooj , Kukreti Anant , Cohen Kelly 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis research was conducted within the framework of a National Science Foundation sponsored summer Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) students. This research considers small‐scale and mathematical models of simple one‐story structures that are subjected to free and base‐motion excitations and installed with and without passive damping devices to gain an understanding of their dynamic behavior while reviewing active and semi‐active damping means being applied and researched today. Using computer programming and numerical methods, the goal is to understand and counteract catastrophic disasters to structures caused by earthquakes. The research is broken down into a number of MATLAB simulations and experiments in order to understand basic dynamic and control features required to design earthquake resilient buildings. These experiments include free vibration experiments to test for the stiffness of columns for different heights and to test for the natural frequency and damping ratio of a one‐story structure under different mass loads. Active PD control was then applied to an experimental system experiencing accelerations attributed to the Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, El Centro 1940, and Mendocino 1992 earthquakes. Robustness comparisons were made between (1) P control; (2) D control; and (3) PD control for the above earthquake inputs to the shaker. A fuzzy logic controller was developed to effectively control transient vibrations. The uniqueness of this control concept is that the fuzzy control continuously varies the damping characteristics of a semi‐active tuned mass damper (TMD). It was concluded that a fuzzy logic based TMD was more effective than a regular passive TMD, by providing half the settling times. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 142–152, 2014
Wiki learning system patterns for academic courses
Authors: Nejkovic Valentina , Tosic Milorad 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAcademic courses have started to feature an expanding variety of innovative ways in using different technologies in order to improve effectiveness of teaching and learning process. Among these technologies Wikis are getting important role among teachers, academics, and educators in general as teaching as well as collaboration tool. This article presents overview and systematization of Wiki Learning System in a form of educational Wiki patterns with a goal to support easier and more coherent integration of collaboration and interaction in teaching and learning activities. Results of several consecutive years of using Wiki Learning System and Wiki‐based methodological teaching approaches based on Wiki patterns are presented regarding final exams' outcomes of university students. The outcomes' evaluation is based on data collected from faculty archive as well as using survey–questionnaire‐based method.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:678–685, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21559
Towards a quantitative approach for comparing crowds
Authors: Musse Soraia R. , Cassol Vinicius J. , Jung Cláudio R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a new model to quantitatively compare global flow characteristics of two crowds. The proposed approach explores a 4‐D histogram that contains information on the local velocity (speed and orientation) of each spatial position, and the comparison is made using histogram distances. The 4‐D histogram also allows the comparison of specific characteristics, such as distribution of orientations only, speed only, relative spatial occupancy only, and combinations of such features. Experimental results indicate that the proposed quantitative metric correlates with visual inspection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of models of fluctuating protrusion and retraction patterns at the leading edge of motile cells
Authors: Ryan Gillian L. , Watanabe Naoki , Vavylonis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA characteristic feature of motile cells as they undergo a change in motile behavior is the development of fluctuating exploratory motions of the leading edge, driven by actin polymerization. We review quantitative models of these protrusion and retraction phenomena. Theoretical studies have been motivated by advances in experimental and computational methods that allow controlled perturbations, single molecule imaging, and analysis of spatiotemporal correlations in microscopic images. To explain oscillations and waves of the leading edge, most theoretical models propose nonlinear interactions and feedback mechanisms among different components of the actin cytoskeleton system. These mechanisms include curvature‐sensing membrane proteins, myosin contraction, and autocatalytic biochemical reaction kinetics. We discuss how the combination of experimental studies with modeling promises to quantify the relative importance of these biochemical and biophysical processes at the leading edge and to evaluate their generality across cell types and extracellular environments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of drug‐induced apoptosis assay results with oncologist treatment decisions and patient response and survival
Authors: Bosserman Linda D. , Rajurkar Swapnil P. , Rogers Karl , Davidson Dirk C. , Chernick Michael , Hallquist Allan , Malouf Debbee , Presant Cary A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:An observational prospective nonblinded clinical trial was performed to determine the effect of a drug‐induced apoptosis assay results on treatments planned by oncologists.METHODS:Purified cancer cells from patient biopsies were placed into the MiCK (Microculture Kinetic) assay, a short‐term culture, which determined the effects of single drugs or combinations of drugs on tumor cell apoptosis. An oncologist received the assay results before finalizing the treatment plan. Use of the MiCK assay was evaluated and correlated with patient outcomes.RESULTS:Forty‐four patients with successful MiCK assays from breast cancer (n = 16), nonsmall cell lung cancer (n = 6), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 4), and others were evaluated. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after MiCK, and 40 received palliative chemotherapy with a median line of therapy of 2. Oncologists used the MiCK assay to determine chemotherapy (users) in 28 (64%) and did not (nonusers) in 16 patients (36%). In users receiving palliative chemotherapy, complete plus partial response rate was 44%, compared with 6.7% in nonusers (P < .02). The median overall survival was 10.1 months in users versus 4.1 months in nonusers (P = .02). Relapse‐free interval was 8.6 months in users versus 4.0 months in nonusers (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:MiCK assay results are frequently used by oncologists. Outcomes appear to be statistically superior when oncologists use chemotherapy based on MiCK assay results compared with when they do not use the assay results. When available to oncologists, MiCK assay results help to determine patient treatment plans. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Application layer forward error correction for multicast streaming over LTE networks
Authors: Bouras Christos , Kanakis Nikolaos , Kokkinos Vasileios , Papazois Andreas 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe next step beyond third generation mobile networks is the Third Generation Partnership Project standard, named Long Term Evolution. A key feature of Long Term Evolution is the enhancement of multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS), where the same content is transmitted to multiple users located in a specific service area. To support efficient download and streaming delivery, the Third Generation Partnership Project included an application layer forward error correction (AL‐FEC) technique based on the systematic fountain Raptor code, in the MBMS standard. To achieve protection against packet losses, Raptor codes introduce redundant packets to the transmission, that is, the forward error correction overhead. In this work, we investigate the application of AL‐FEC over MBMS streaming services. We consider the benefits of AL‐FEC for a continuous multimedia stream transmission to multiple users and we examine how the amount of forward error correction redundancy can be adjusted under different packet loss conditions. For this purpose, we present a variety of realistic simulation scenarios for the application of AL‐FEC and furthermore we provide an in‐depth analysis of Raptor codes performance introducing valuable suggestions to achieve efficient use of Raptor codes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomorphologic diagnosis and HPV testing of metastatic and primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A review and summary of the literature
Authors: Jarboe Elke A. , Hunt Jason P. , Layfield Lester J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA significant proportion of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oropharynx are associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV). These HPV‐related carcinomas are prognostically and therapeutically different from traditional SCC of the head and neck. Cervical metastases from head and neck primary SCC are frequently investigated by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). HPV testing of cytologic samples from these lesions would potentially simplify diagnosis and therapeutic planning. This review summarizes current methodologies for HPV testing of FNA specimens and the role of HPV typing in diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and selection of therapy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:491–497. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from minute specimens: Cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostic findings
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Wallander Michelle L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the gastrointestinal tract. Workup of these lesions includes morphologic study and immunohistochemical and often molecular diagnostic analysis. Historically, these neoplasms had been included under a number of diagnostic categories including leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, schwannoma, and leiomyoblastoma. The lesions that were clearly sarcomatous were difficult to treat and therapeutically refractory to chemotherapeutic agents. Significant progress in our understanding of these neoplasms and our ability to successfully treat them occurred following the discovery that they were immunoreactive for KIT protein and harbored activating mutations in the KIT gene. Many are initially diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) but workup may include mutational analysis to help direct therapy. This review outlines a practical approach to the cytologic diagnosis of GISTs and their molecular workup on small specimens obtained by FNA or core biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:484–490. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.