bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ameliorative effects of resveratrol on liver injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hamadi Nasereddine , Mansour Ahmed , Hassan Memy H. , Khalifi‐Touhami Fatima , Badary Osama 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative property and potential mechanism of resveratrol (RVT) in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 15 consecutive days against liver injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) exhibited liver injury manifested by increased aspartylaminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin; disturbed liver weight to body weight; and confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Liver from diabetic rats exhibited significant increase in malondialdehyde level and significant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, quinone reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Diabetic rats showed significant disturbance in serum lipid profile. Treatment with RVT significantly (P < 0.05) abrogated diabetes‐induced perturbation in these parameters and liver histology. These data suggest that RVT treatment is associated with promising hepatoprotective effect against diabetes‐induced liver damage via reduction of serum glucose level and oxidative damage and improving serum lipid profile. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:384–392, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21432
Ultrastructure of oocytes of the Urostreptus atrobrunneus (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae): A potential urban centers plague
Authors: Fontanetti Carmem S. , Calligaris Izabela Braggião , Da Silva Souza Tatiana , Iamonte MÔnika 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe knowledge of the process of egg formation is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms involved in the reproduction of different species. In this context, the objective of this work was to describe the ultrastructure of the oocytes of Urostreptus atrobrunneus (Spirostreptida), a potential plague of urban centers in different locations of São Paulo State. The lack of knowledge about the morphology, physiology, and the reproductive behavior of the species have hindered an effective control of it. The oocytes of U. atrobrunneus presented three development stages: young oocyte or type I; intermediary oocyte or type II; and mature oocyte or type III. During the oocyte development, the cytoplasm become filled with several globules of protein, drops of lipids, and sphaerocrystals, and it was not observed in many organelles in the oocytes with exception of mitochondria, abundant, principally in young oocytes. The vitelline membrane is also deposited in a discontinuous form and the chorion does not present differentiation of layers. The follicular epithelium alters its shape according to the development phase of the oocyte. Part of the vitellus is from exogenous origin and part is endogenous. Before this, only two studies about the ultrastructural analysis of the female germ cells of diplopods were published. Microsc. Res. Tech. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Stressor Duration on Leukocyte and Hormonal Responses in Male Southeastern Five‐Lined Skinks (Plestiodon inexpectatus)
Authors: Seddon Ryan J. , Klukowski Matthew 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEnvironmental stressors elicit elevations of plasma glucocorticoid hormones. Stressors also result in increases in the circulating heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H:L ratio), which has been linked to increased glucocorticoids. Recently, there has been debate about the extent to which stress‐induced elevations of corticosterone are tied to increases in the H:L ratio and about whether one measure of physiological stress might be used in lieu of the other. Few studies have examined the responses of both variables to standardized stressors in free‐living animals, especially reptiles. Stressors may also affect levels of other hormones, such as prostaglandins or testosterone, that may influence leukocytes. Therefore, the H:L ratio, corticosterone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and testosterone were monitored in free‐living male southeastern five‐lined skinks, Plestiodon inexpectatus, in response to various durations of confinement stress. Skinks confined for 1 hr had elevated H:L ratios and elevated corticosterone concentrations. In addition, corticosterone was positively correlated with the H:L ratio. In contrast, there were no effects of 2 hr of confinement on the H:L ratio, in spite of maximal corticosterone. Plasma PGE2 was not affected by 15, 30, or 60 min of confinement but was positively correlated with monocytes and negatively correlated with lymphocytes in the 1 hr of confinement experiment. Consistent with many other studies of reptiles, confinement stress did not result in suppressed testosterone. Overall, the results indicate that, in reptiles at least, the H:L ratio and plasma corticosterone do not covary consistently and one measure of stress cannot be used in lieu of the other. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:499–510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 10H‐Phenothiazines, Their Sulfones and Ribofuranosides
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Gupta Shikha , Ajmera Neha , Gautam D. C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract10H‐phenothiazines are synthesized via Smiles rearrangement. These prepared phenothiazines act as a base to prepare ribofuranosides by treating them with b‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1‐acetate‐2,3,5‐tribenzoate. 10H‐phenothiazines on refluxing with hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid gave 10H‐phenothiazine‐5,5‐dioxides. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidative properties through in vitro studies, and they are also screened for their antimicrobial activity. The structure of the synthesized compounds has been established by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data.
Impact of localizing general medical teams to a single nursing unit
Authors: Singh Siddhartha , Tarima Sergey , Rana Vipulkumar , Marks David S. , Conti Mary , Idstein Kathleen , Biblo Lee A. , Fletcher Kathlyn E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Localization of general medical inpatient teams is an attractive way to improve inpatient care but has not been adequately studied.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of localizing general medical teams to a single nursing unit.DESIGN:Quasi‐experimental study using historical and concurrent controls.SETTING:A 490‐bed academic medical center in the midwestern United States.PATIENTS:Adult, general medical patients, other than those with sickle cell disease, admitted to medical teams staffed by a hospitalist and a physician assistant (PA).INTERVENTION:Localization of patients assigned to 2 teams to a single nursing unit.MEASUREMENTS:Length of stay (LOS), 30‐day risk of readmission, charges, pages to teams, encounters, relative value units (RVUs), and steps walked by PAs.RESULTS:Localized teams had 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–1.41) more patient encounters and generated 2.20 more RVUs per day (CI, 1.10–3.29) compared to historical controls; and 1.02 (CI, 0.46–1.58) more patient encounters and generated 1.36 more RVUs per day (CI, 0.17–2.55) compared to concurrent controls. Localized teams received 51% (CI, 48–54) fewer pages during the workday. LOS may have been approximately 10% higher for localized teams. Risk of readmission within 30 days and charges incurred were no different. PAs possibly walked fewer steps while localized.CONCLUSION:Localization of medical teams led to higher productivity and better workflow, but did not significantly impact readmissions or charges. It may have had an unintended negative impact on hospital efficiency; this finding deserves further study. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Ultrastructure and morphology of the cycliophoran female
Authors: Neves Ricardo Cardoso , Møbjerg Kristensen Reinhardt , Funch Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCover illustration. Cycliophorans have been discovered in the late 1960s. They constitute a group of microscopic commensals that live attached to the mouth parts of clawed lobsters. So far females have been known only from immature individuals. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology (pp. 850–869) Neves and coauthors describe the morphology and ultrastructure of the free and fully mature female of Cycliophora. The cover image shows a free‐swimming female of the undescribed Symbion sp. from Homarus gammarus.
Compressed‐Sensing multispectral imaging of the postoperative spine
Authors: Worters Pauline W. , Sung Kyunghyun , Stevens Kathryn J. , Koch Kevin M. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To apply compressed sensing (CS) to in vivo multispectral imaging (MSI), which uses additional encoding to avoid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts near metal, and demonstrate the feasibility of CS‐MSI in postoperative spinal imaging.Materials and Methods:Thirteen subjects referred for spinal MRI were examined using T2‐weighted MSI. A CS undersampling factor was first determined using a structural similarity index as a metric for image quality. Next, these fully sampled datasets were retrospectively undersampled using a variable‐density random sampling scheme and reconstructed using an iterative soft‐thresholding method. The fully and undersampled images were compared using a 5‐point scale. Prospectively undersampled CS‐MSI data were also acquired from two subjects to ensure that the prospective random sampling did not affect the image quality.Results:A two‐fold outer reduction factor was deemed feasible for the spinal datasets. CS‐MSI images were shown to be equivalent or better than the original MSI images in all categories: nerve visualization: P = 0.00018; image artifact: P = 0.00031; image quality: P = 0.0030. No alteration of image quality and T2 contrast was observed from prospectively undersampled CS‐MSI.Conclusion:This study shows that the inherently sparse nature of MSI data allows modest undersampling followed by CS reconstruction with no loss of diagnostic quality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:243–248. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of blood flow on diffusion coefficients of the human kidney: A time‐resolved ECG‐triggered diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) study at 3T
Authors: Heusch Philipp , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg , Kröpil Patric , Blondin Dirk , Quentin Michael , Klasen Janina , Pentang Gael , Antoch Gerald , Lanzman Rotem S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the impact of renal blood flow on apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) using time‐resolved electrocardiogram (ECG)‐triggered diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) of the human kidneys.Materials and Methods:DTI was performed in eight healthy volunteers (mean age 29.1 ± 3.2) using a single slice coronal echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence (3 b‐values: 0, 50, and 300 s/mm2) at the timepoint of minimum (20 msec after R wave) and maximum renal blood flow (200 msec after R wave) at 3T. Following 2D motion correction, region of interest (ROI)‐based analysis of cortical and medullary ADC‐ and FA‐values was performed.Results:ADC‐values of the renal cortex at maximum blood flow (2.6 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s) were significantly higher than at minimum blood flow (2.2 ± 0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s) (P < 0.001), while medullary ADC‐values did not differ significantly (maximum blood flow: 2.2 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s; minimum blood flow: 2.15 ± 0.14 × 10−3 mm2/s). FA‐values of the renal medulla were significantly greater at maximal blood (0.53 ± 0.05) than at minimal blood flow (0.47 ± 0.05) (P < 0.01). In contrast, cortical FA‐values were comparable at different timepoints of the cardiac cycle.Conclusion:ADC‐values in the renal cortex as well as FA‐values in the renal medulla are influenced by renal blood flow. This impact has to be considered when interpreting renal ADC‐ and FA‐values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:233–236. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wet and dry years of Indian summer monsoon and its relation with Indo‐Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Varikoden Hamza , Preethi B. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTRegional characteristics of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) during dry and wet monsoon years associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non‐ENSO (normal) periods are investigated. Four cases such as wet monsoon years associated with ENSO (EW) and non‐ENSO (NW) events and dry monsoon years associated with ENSO (ED) and non‐ENSO (ND) events have been discussed. The dry and wet years associated with ENSO and non‐ENSO periods show significant differences in the spatial pattern of rainfall. During wet years (EW and NW), the rainfall is abnormally high in the west coastal stations. However, during EW years, anomalous heavy rainfall is observed in the northern part of the west coast while during the NW years, the rainfall is high in southwest coastal regions. In central India, the rainfall is abnormally high only during the wet years associated with non‐ENSO events (NW). The west coastal areas receive below normal rainfall during ED, ND years, however, the negative anomalies are large during ED years compared to ND years. The low level (1000 hPa) moisture transport is coherent with the changes in the spatial patter of ISMR. The Indo‐Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), low level circulation (at 850 hPa) features and general circulation associated with the four cases of ISMR have also been studied in detail. During wet phases of ISMR, the SST over the pacific ocean is abnormally cool and that during dry phases of ISMR is abnormally warm. However, the areas of cool and warm are different during ENSO and normal years. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Precipitation pattern analysis in the Tiber River basin (central Italy) using standardized indices
Authors: Romano Emanuele , Preziosi Elisabetta 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis study analyses the precipitation pattern in the Tiber River basin (central Italy) to determine trends, possible change points, periodicity and relationships with global climate indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The dataset is composed of daily rainfall time series, recorded at 21 to 102 different sampling stations, from 1952 to 2007. The following quantities were analysed at both an annual and seasonal scale: cumulative precipitation, number of rainy days, mean intensity, maximum daily precipitation and number of days needed to reach a given percentage of the cumulative precipitation. To compare the time series collected from different stations along with the different quantities, a standardization procedure based on the normal inverse function computed on the best‐fit cumulative probability distribution was applied. The standardized time series from each station was regionalized by kriging. Trends were analysed using the Mann–Kendall test, and possible change points were determined using an algorithm based on the singular spectrum analysis. The periodicity of the signals was evaluated by cross‐wavelet analysis. The results show a decreasing trend in annual precipitation (−8%) mainly because of decreasing winter precipitation (−16%). This trend appears to be related to a decrease in the number of rainy days. A significant change point in precipitation trends was identified in the mid‐1980s. Conversely, those indices related to the intensity of precipitation (mean intensity, maximum daily precipitation) do not show significant trends. The cross‐wavelet analysis performed on the annual/winter precipitation and NAO time series indicates the existence of four coherent periodic signals with periods of approximately 3, 4, 8 and 15 years. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Osteoarthritis develops in the operated joint of an ovine model following ACL reconstruction with immediate anatomic reattachment of the native ACL
Authors: O'Brien Etienne J.O. , Beveridge Jillian E. , Huebner Kyla D. , Heard Bryan J. , Tapper Janet E. , Shrive Nigel G. , Frank Cyril B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that immediate reattachment of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can prevent kinematic changes and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Five sheep underwent anatomic unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACL‐R). Animals from a previous study served as sham (n = 7) or non‐operated (n = 17) controls. At 4 points of walking gait, 6 degrees of freedom stifle joint kinematics of ACL‐R animals were compared with sham controls at 4 and 20 weeks post‐surgery. Gross cartilage, bone, and meniscal changes were graded at euthanasia; paired and differential scores were compared. Inter‐animal differences were noted in all groups. Of 48 points of gait comparison between ACL‐R and sham operated groups, 42 points showed no difference (p > 0.05). Of the six significant differences (p < 0.05), internal rotation in ACL‐R animals accounted for three. At 20 weeks, differential scores showed that sham operated joints were morphologically indistinguishable from non‐operated controls (p ≥ 0.129) while ACL‐R joints had significantly higher combined cartilage and osteophyte scores than those controls (p ≤ 0.003). This method of ACL reconstruction in sheep did not restore normal walking gait kinematics completely and allowed some OA to develop in operated joints. OA may result from relatively subtle mechanical abnormalities, apparently more so in some individuals than others. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:35–43, 2012
Long‐term field fertilization affects soil nitrogen transformations in a rice‐wheat‐rotation cropping system
Authors: Zhang Jinbo , Cai Zucong , Yang Wenyan , Zhu Tongbin , Yu Yongjie , Yan Xiaoyuan , Jia Zhongjun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMineralization and nitrification are the key processes of the global N cycle and are primarily driven by microorganisms. However, it remains largely unknown about the consequence of intensified agricultural activity on microbial N transformation in agricultural soils. In this study, the 15N‐dilution technique was carried out to investigate the gross mineralization and nitrification in soils from a long‐term field fertilization experiment starting from 1988. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis was used to determine soil microbial communities, e.g., biomasses of anaerobic bacterial, bacterial, fungi, and actinobacteria. The abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results have demonstrated significant stimulation of gross mineralization in the chemical‐fertilizers treatment (NPK) ([6.53 ± 1.29] mg N kg–1 d–1) and chemical fertilizers–plus–straw treatment (NPK+S1) soils ([8.13 ± 1.68] mg N kg–1 d–1) but not in chemical fertilizers–plus–two times straw treatment (NPK+S2) soil when compared to the control‐treatment (CK) soil ([3.62 ± 0.86] mg N kg–1 d–1). The increase of anaerobic bacterial biomass is up to 6‐fold in the NPK+S2 compared to that in the CK soil ([0.7 ± 0.5] nmol g–1), implying that exceptionally high abundance of anaerobic bacteria may inhibit gross mineralization to some extent. The gross nitrification shows upward trends in the NPK+S1 and NPK+S2 soils. However, it is only significantly higher in the NPK soil ([5.56 ± 0.51] mg N kg–1 d–1) compared to that in the CK soil ([3.70 ± 0.47] mg N kg–1 d–1) (p < 0.05). The AOB abundance increased from (0.28 ± 0.07) × 106 copies (g soil)–1 for the CK treatment to (4.79 ± 1.23) × 106 copies (g soil)–1 for the NPK treatment after the 22‐year fertilization. In contrast, the AOA abundance was not significantly different among all treatment soils. The changes of AOB were well paralleled by gross nitrification activity (gross nitrification rate = 0.263 AOB + 0.047 NH$ _4^+ $‐N + 2.434, R<?h.3>2 = 0.73, p < 0.05), suggesting the predominance of bacterial ammonia oxidation in the fertilized fields.
The reality of malingered PTSD among veterans: Reply to McNally and Frueh (2012)
Authors: Marx Brian P. , Jackson James C. , Schnurr Paula P. , Murdoch Maureen , Sayer Nina A. , Keane Terence M. , Friedman Matthew J. , Greevy Robert A. , Owen Richard R. , Sinnott Patricia L. , Speroff Theodore 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this reply to McNally and Frueh (2012), we offer some additional insight into the studies they use to support their argument that we should be worried about malingering among veterans. We also describe other research on the disability system of the Department of Veterans Affairs and compensation‐seeking behavior that challenges their conclusions.
Fluorescence‐Labeled Immunomicelles: Preparation, in vivo Biodistribution, and Ability to Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Yue Jun , Liu Shi , Wang Rui , Hu Xiuli , Xie Zhigang , Huang Yubin , Jing Xiabin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMultifunctional hybrid micelles are prepared from amphiphilic mal‐PEG‐b‐PLA and mPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐DHC/RhB) block copolymers. A specific anti‐transferrin receptor antibody, OX26, is linked onto the surface of the micelles. ELISA indicates that the conjugated antibody preserves its activity. OX26 conjugation can increase the uptake efficiency of micelles by target cell lines (C6). Pharmacokinetics and in vivo biodistribution experiments are carried out to investigate the ability of OX26‐conjugated micelles (immunomicelles) to cross the blood–brain barrier. The data show that the brain uptake of OX26‐conjugated micelles is much more than that of OX26‐free ones. Therefore, OX26‐conjugated micelles will be promising drug carriers to cross the blood‐brain barrier. magnified image
Tuning Interfacial Properties and Colloidal Behavior of Hybrid Nanoparticles by Controlling the Polymer Precursor
Authors: Natte Kishore , Österle Werner , Friedrich Jörg F. , von Klitzing Regine , Orts‐Gil Guillermo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA facile and versatile synthetic route for controlling the size and surface potential of organic–inorganic hybrid silica nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced in this paper. For polymer‐grafted NPs, the density of polymer chains on the surface is strongly affected by the concentration of precursor. Nevertheless, for condensed NPs, the precursor concentration determines the particle size but not the density of polymer chains on the surface or the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results presented here may have major implications in biomedical and colloidal chemistry since interfacial and colloidal properties are known to drive several processes associated with nanoparticles in biological media.
Influence of the Botanic Origin of Starch Nanocrystals on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites
Authors: LeCorre Déborah S. , Bras Julien , Dufresne Alain 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe structural and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites filled with starch nanocrystals (SNC) extracted from four different starch sources are investigated. The aim of this work is to explore the influence of botanic sources on final properties of nanocomposites and SNC reinforcing capability. A general trend seems to be that the higher the amylose content of native starch granules used for preparing SNC, the lower the water uptake and reinforcing effect (except for potato starch). It is postulated that SNC prepared from higher amylose content starch might release loosely bonded amylose chains during preparation and/or soaking in water and thus prevent SNC to participate in the formation of a reinforcing network.magnified image