bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIMULIIDAE (DIPTERA) OF RENDALEN, NORWAY: III. FEMALES OF THE EUSIMULIUM RENDALENSE COMPLEX INFECTED WITH MERMITHIDS (NEMATODA)
Authors: Golini Victor I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne female of Eusimulium rendalense Golini and three of E. fallisi Golini, among nearly 470 simuliids captured from Anas boschas L. in Norway, were found naturally infected with mermithid nematodes Two of these infected flies had fully fed on avian blood. The nematodes may be a species of the Gastromermis boophthorae complex Welch and Rubzov.
DISTRIBUTION OF OVIPOSITIONAL ATTACKS BY PARASITOIDS ON OVERWINTERING LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: McLeod J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitism by Apanteles and Glypta spp. on spruce budworm in five localities in Quebec in 1975 was exceptionally high, averaging 52%. The frequency distribution of attacks of these species, and the outcome of inter- and intraspecific progeny competition are described, using dissection data. Superparasitism occurred on a Poisson distribution, but rates of multiparasitism lower than expected indicate interference between Apanteles and Glypta spp.
THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). MORTALITY OF IMMATURE STAGES ON THE RAPE CROP, 1972–1975
Authors: Wylie H. G. , Bucher G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walk., collected in 1972–75 on rapeseed in the prairie provinces of Canada (predominantly in Manitoba), were killed by one virus, one fungus, one microsporidium, seven insect parasites, and by other factors. Mortality from disease was about 24% in 1972 when bertha armyworm was abundant, but much lower in succeeding years after the host’s population density declined. The most important hymenopterous parasite, Banchus fiavescens Cress., was relatively rare in 1972 but subsequently killed over 40% of the host larvae each year. A tachinid, Athrycia cinerea (Coq.), killed over 20% of the mature bertha armyworms in each generation. Each of the other five parasite species was associated infrequently with M. configurata. Details of the biology of each pathogen and parasite are presented. About 12% of the mature host larvae died because they failed to empty the gut, with subsequent penetration of the gut wall by bacteria, or because they did not form a morphologically-sound pupa. Pupae of M. configurata died in the soil following penetration of the gut wall by bacteria, as a result of soil cultivation, and from low temperatures in winter. No pathogens or parasites were recorded in field-collected pupae, though an ichneumonid, Ichneumon canadensis Cress., parasitized pupae in a field cage and may occasionally do so in natural conditions. No pathogens or parasites of bertha armyworm eggs were recorded. A preliminary survival model for bertha armyworm, based on estimates of mortality from various causes identified in this study, is presented. The possibility of preventing or reducing future oubreaks of M. configurata by colonizing additional parasite or pathogen species in the prairie provinces is discussed.
BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF THE WHITE FIR NEEDLE MINER, EPINOTIA MERITANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN COLORADO
Authors: Yarger Larry C. , Brewer J. Wayne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA population of the white fir needle miner, Epinotia meritana Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), infesting white fir, Abies concolor (Gord and Glend.) Lindl., was studied in southcentral Colorado. Adults oviposited from mid-June through mid-August. Eggs were deposited on the concave side of needles, near the base. Larvae hatched in late July and August, then mined needles 1 or more years old before overwintering inside the first or second mined needle. In the spring, each larva mined one or two additional needles before pupating in the last needle during May or June. There was one generation per year.White firs of all age classes were subject to defoliation, but tops of codominant trees were most heavily damaged. Oviposition occurred most often on 3–5 year old needles and larvae generally did not move to another year’s foliage. Apanteles (Braconidae) was the most prevalent parasitoid observed, causing about 11% larval mortality.
COMPATIBILITY OF 27 CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI
Authors: Morris O. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe compatibility of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) with 27 chemical insecticides representing organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, pyrethrins, chlordimeform, urea derivative, and antifeedant were studied by way of their effects on germination of the bacterial spores, replication of vegetative cells and spore staining, and refractive index characteristics.The results showed that: (1) Carbamates were generally more compatible with Bacillus thuringiensis than were the other insecticide groups tested. (2) Technical formulations were less harmful to the bacteria than wettable powders which were less harmful than emulsifiable concentrates. (3) Of the 27 pesticides, those most compatible with B.t. were Orthene®, Dylox®, Lannate®, Sevin®, Zectran®, and Dimilin®. These insecticides are considered recommendable for use in integrated control operations with Bacillus thuringiensis if the target insects are susceptible to them and provided that due regard is given to the environmental implications of their use.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ODONTIINAE, WITH REMARKS ON BALAENIFRONS HAMPSON AND TAUROMETOPA MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProbalaenifrons, n. gen., type-species P. argillacea, n. sp., from Buru, is described. Differential characters are given from the related genera Balaenifrons Hampson and Taurometopa Meyrick. Whalley’s provisional placement of these genera in the Odontiinae is confirmed. His suggestion that they might require a new subfamily because of their complicated tympanic structure is rejected, first because the genitalia are typically odontiine, and second because the only female of Taurometopa examined lacks the tympanic specializations, which are therefore either limited to the male sex or inconstant. The known species of Balaenifrons and Taurometopa are briefly discussed.
INTERACTION BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS AND GLUCOSE IN LARVAL NUTRITION OF THE FLY AGRIA HOUSEI (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) AT LOW TEMPERATURE
Authors: House H. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferences were shown in the rate of larval development of the fly Agria housei Shewell reared axenically at 15° and 30°C on chemically defined (meridic) diets with varied proportions of glucose and an amino acid mixture. Although the rate of larval development differed with amino acid level and rearing temperature, the important finding was an interaction between glucose and suboptimal low levels of amino acids that occurred in suboptimal low (15°C) temperature. This shows that nutritional requirements can change with temperature and is noteworthy because any relationship between the nutrition of an organism and environmental temperature can have ecological significance.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE TOXICITIES OF 10 INSECTICIDES TO THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE). I
Authors: McKinlay K. S. , Burrage R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTen insecticides, Bassa® [2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate], Bioethanomethrin® [d-Trans ethano chrysanthemate of (5-benzyl-3-furyl) alcohol], carbaryl, diazinon, FMC 33297 [3-phenoxybenzyl (±) -cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate], methamidophos, oxamyl, parathion, SD 41706 [cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-, alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester], SD 43775 [benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-alpha (1-methylethyl)-, cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester], were tested against grasshoppers (second-instar Melanoplus sanguinipes) to compare their contact toxicities and their persistence on treated vegetation.SD 41706, SD 43775, and Bioethanomethrin were more toxic than all compounds previously tested in this laboratory against grasshoppers. All three showed some persistence on treated vegetation after 1 day but only SD 41706 and SD 43775 showed persisting toxic effects on treated vegetation 3 days after spraying at the rates tested.
FOREST LEPIDOPTERA ATTRACTED BY KNOWN SEX ATTRACTANTS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORMS, CHORISTONEURA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Daterman G. E. , Robbins R. G. , Eichlin T. D. , Pierce J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField tests of (E)-11-tetradecenal and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the respective sex attractants for western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and the Modoc budworm, C. viridis Freeman, revealed that these compounds attract several other forest Lepidoptera. The acetate attracted a total of 14 species representing seven families, and the aldehyde accounted for nine species representing four families. This interspecific attraction could influence budworm trapping efficiency and interpretation of results, because of the abundance of other responding species and the fact that two of the species resemble Choristoneura adults in appearance.
THE EFFECTS OF A JH MIMIC AND CAUTERIZATION OF THE CORPUS ALLATUM COMPLEX ON THE MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Ramalingam S , Craig G. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractJuvenile hormone, the secretion of the corpus allatum, apparently controls the secretory process of the male accessory glands of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Topical application of a juvenile hormone mimic induces precocious and enhanced secretion. The treatment with the JH mimic not only increases the potency of males to inseminate more numbers of females, but also stimulates secretion in fully depleted glands of A. aegypti which under normal conditions do not renew the secretory process. Males whose accessory glands are depleted due to multiple matings and later treated with the mimic also inseminate. Cauterization of the corpus allatum complex has prevented the secretory function in the glands.
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ACHRYSOCHAROIDES (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto C. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe name Enaysma Delucchi, 1954 is synonymized with the name Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913. Achrysocharoides is divided into two species-groups, guizoti and gahani. Fifteen North American species are recognized, including five that are new: A. reticulatus, A. bisulcus, A. albus, A. tetrapunctatus, and A. intricatus. A key to species, host lists, and distributions are included.
STUDIES ON NEARCTICCRASPEDOLEPTAENDERLEIN, 1921 (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA): TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE SUPERFAMILY
Authors: Journet Alan R. P. , Vickery V. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the taxonomic relationships among taxa within the superfamily with particular reference to previous discussions ofCraspedoleptaEnderlein, 1921. The genus is considered to belong within the tribe Aphalarini Löw. The paper also identifies the Nearctic species which should be included within the genusCraspedolepta.
PROTECTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR FOLIAGE FROM WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) DAMAGE BY EARLY APPLICATIONS OF ACEPHATE (ORTHENE 75S)
Authors: Richmond Charles E. , Averill Robert D. , Crisp Carl E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcephate (Orthene 75S) was applied to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirbl. [Franco]) in spring 1976 to determine its efficacy for protecting current year’s foliage from western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman). Results showed budworm mortality for both treatments exceeded the checks by at least 91% at all sample periods. A significant degree of foliage protection was also achieved as measured by mean twig length and mean number of missing needles per twig. Samples of new growth were analyzed for residues of acephate and methamidophos (an active metabolite of acephate) by gas-liquid chromatography. Results showed that high levels of insecticide persisted for about 10 days, then dropped over a 5-day period to lower levels for the rest of the study, about 35 days.
THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): 3. DEVELOPING A MANAGEMENT PROGRAM BY UTILIZING ATTRACTANT TRAPS AS MONITORING DEVICES
Authors: AliNiazee M. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAttractant traps, such as Pherocon ICPY®-MAGO trap and Pherocon®-AM Standard trap, were effective in monitoring emergence of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran. Among the aerial traps tested, ICPY-MAGO, Pherocon-AM Standard, and Saturn yellow colored rectangles and spheres were equally effective. The ammonium carbonate traps were significantly inferior. A management program that utilized aerial traps as monitoring devices reduced the amount of spraying from 20 to 100%, depending on the fly population in the orchard, and resulted in a substantial saving of spray costs.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM BERRIES OF JUNIPERS IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale adults of two new species of Trisetacus infesting berries of junipers are described, T. neoquadrisetus from Rocky Mountain juniper and T. batonrougei from eastern red cedar, with remarks on the identity of eriophyoid mites living in juniper berries in North America.
UNUSUAL NEW SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) ASSOCIATED WITH CUPRESSACEAE IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of two new species of Trisetacus infesting foliage of Cupressaceae are described, T. distinctus from eastern white cedar based on females and males, and T. macrocarpae from Monterey cypress based on females The possible significance of host plant sympatry of morphological species of Trisetacus is discussed briefly.
A CONSTANT DISTRIBUTION EXHIBITED BY THE COTTON FLEAHOPPER (PSEUDATOMOSCELIS SERIATUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)) ON COTTON
Authors: Dupnik Ted , Wolfenbarger Dan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe found a constant spatial distribution of percentage plants without cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter)) with Y = ae−bx for 0.019 to 5.4 mean per plants fitted with and without data source variables of fields, dates (years and weeks of 1 year), life stage, sample size, and location. Results include a sampling plan.
GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): I. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF XANTHINE OXIDASE AND ALDEHYDE OXIDASE
Authors: Rolseth B.M. , Gooding R.H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel (6%) electrophoresis (at pH 8.2) of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed three xanthine oxidase (XO) phenotypes and six aldehyde oxidase (AO) phenotypes. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus, XO with two alleles and AO with three alleles. Gene frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both loci in two laboratory populations. Breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. No significant differences in phenotype frequencies were observed between the colony maintained at the University of Alberta, Canada and the parent colony at the University of Bristol, England. A colony of highly inbred flies from the University of Bristol had only one phenotype of AO and of XO.
GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): II. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF MIDGUT ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Authors: Gooding R. H. , Rolseth B. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe digestive section of the midgut of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood contains a phosphatase with a pH optimum of approximately 9.2 and with low substrate specificity; the enzyme was classified as an alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1).Polyacrylamide gel (6%) electrophoresis (at pH 8.9) of the digestive portion of the midguts of adult G. morsitans morsitans revealed three alkaline phophatase phenotypes. Midgut phosphatase was postulated to be under control of a single locus (designated alkph) with two alleles. Gene frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in two laboratory populations while a third, highly inbred population had only one phenotype. Phenotype frequencies were not significantly different among females of various ages from the Edmonton colony. Breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of midgut phosphatase.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF NEW WORLD MICROPEPLIDAE (COLEOPTERA). II
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new species of Micropeplidae are described from Latin America, Micropeplus newtoni from Mexico, Peplomicrus mexicanus from Mexico, and Peplomicrus pecki from Colombia, bringing the total number of New World species to 21. A revised key to aid in the identification of the Micropeplidae of Latin America is presented. New distributional data are given for 10 other species of the family and revised distributional maps are given for the North American species Micropeplus sculptus, M. laticollis, and M. robustus.
AN IMPROVED BIOASSAY TECHNIQUE FOR THE SEX PHEROMONE OF MALE DACUS TRYONI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Giannakakis Areti , Fletcher Brian S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn improved bioassay using closed glass units was developed for the sex pheromone of the male Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni (Froggatt). Female responsiveness in glass units was quantitated and compared with that in cages, using probing with the ovipositor as the "key response". The median effective dose of pheromone required to elicit a response in 50% of the females (BR50) was much lower in glass units (< 1 male equivalent) than in cages (2.7 male equivalents), and the females also responded more rapidly. As the bioassay is adaptable to a wide variety of laboratory modifications it may be suitable for studying the sex pheromone of other Tephritidae.
EFFECT OF POOL BOTTOM SUBSTRATE ON RESIDUES AND BIOACTIVITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, AGAINST LARVAE OF CULEX TARSALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Rawn G. P. , Webster G. R. B. , Findlay G. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe bioactivity and disappearance of chlorpyrifos in Dursban® 2.5 G and M formulations was studied in the laboratory and in the field in temporary pools lined with sod, clay, or sand substrate. The activity and presence of chlorpyrifos in the water was determined by bioassay with Culex tarsalis Coquillett larvae and chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.The tests indicated that, at equal rates of application in pools with organic matter or clay substrate, the 2.5 G formulation resulted in lower chlorpyrifos concentrations than the Dursban M, but provided periods of larval mortality equal to or greater than the M formulation except in laboratory sod-lined pools. At a given application, the shortest period of larval mortality and lowest detectable residues occurred in sod-lined pools, whereas in the sand-lined pools, the longest period of larval control and the highest residual concentration of chlorpyrifos in the water was encountered.
SPIRACULAR GILLS OF THE PUPA OF THE INTERTIDAL CRANE FLY, LIMONIA (IDIOGLOCHINA) MARMORATA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)
Authors: Ring Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLimonia (Idioglochina) marmorata (Osten Sacken) is the only intertidal tipulid along the entire west coast of North America. The pupae have prominent prothoracic respiratory horns which are modified to form plastron-bearing spiracular gills. Examination of these gills by both light and scanning electron microscopic methods reveals that they resemble the spiracular gills of the intertidal Limonia (Geranomyia) in general form, but in fine detail they more closely resemble those of the intertidal species of Limonia (Dicranomyia). Using the fine structure of the spiracular gills as a classificatory feature along with larval and adult characters, it is suggested that there is little distinction between Idioglochina and Dicranomyia at the generic level. This confirms the contention of Hinton and also lends weight to the classificatory scheme of Alexander, who distinguishes Idioglochina and Dicranomyia only at the subgeneric level.
TAXONOMY OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF TWINNIA AND GYMNOPAIS (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND A DISCUSSION OF THE ANCESTRY OF THE SIMULIIDAE
Authors: Wood D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree species of Twinnia, including hirticornis n. sp., and five species of Gymnopais, including dichopticoides n. sp., holopticoides n. sp., and fimbriatus n. sp., are described, keyed, and illustrated. The ancestral simuliid is portrayed as possessing cephalic fans, because several related nematocerous families, viz., the Ptychopteridae, Dixidae, and Culicidae, also have similar and presumably homologous structures in the larval stage which are used in the same fashion to ingest food particles suspended in water The peculiar Twinnia–Gymnopais larval type, which lacks cephalic fans, is considered to have arisen simply by a neotenic retention of the fanless condition found in the first instar of Prosimulium. Phylogenetically, Twinnia and Gymnopais are therefore considered to have been derived from a Prosimulium-like ancestor. Twinnia is intermediate phylogenetically between Prosimulium and Gymnopais, and the latter is believed to be the most recently derived, possibly as a response to the development of arctic–alpine conditions in Beringia during the Tertiary.
REGRESSION FOR ESTIMATING NUMBER OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH EGGS RELATIVE TO EGG MASS WEIGHT
Authors: Beckwith Roy C. , Mason R. R. , Paul H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA common regression equation, representing data collected from four widely separated areas, was constructed to determine number of eggs of the Douglas-fir tussock moth based on individual egg mass weights. The regression is designed for use in any egg mass sampling scheme where a knowledge of the potential early instar population is required. The regression equation is also given for each area.
EARLY SURVIVAL OF POLISTES APACHUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) COLONIES IN CALIFORNIA: A FIELD STUDY OF AN INTRODUCED SPECIES
Authors: Gibo David L. , Metcalf Robert A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA local population of P. apachus in California was studied to determine population structure and colony survival during the first 3 months of colony development. Only 24.2% of the colonies survived to the end of July. Bird predation on colonies (60.6%) and loss of foundresses (12.1%) were the main causes of colony failure. Bird attacks occurred approximately 2 weeks prior to the emergence of workers and the scrub jay, Aphelocoma coerulescens, was identified as one of the avain predators. All colonies that survived this initial period persisted until observations were discontinued in late July.
CANADA’S NATIONAL MOSQUITO? MASS-RESTING OF ANOPHELES EARLI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FEMALES IN A BEAVER LODGE IN ALBERTA
Authors: Hudson J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA single collection from a beaver lodge near George Lake, Alberta (53°57′ N., 114°06′ W.), in mid-May 1976 yielded 1362 female Anopheles earlei Vargas, of which 39.2% were blood-fed and 3.1% gravid. The mosquitoes could have overwintered in the lodge and fed on the beavers, but they could also have flown in from other overwintering and feeding sites earlier in the spring.
GENETICS OF DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND TERMINATION IN THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: McLeod D. G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGrowth rate, diapause incidence, and diapause intensity were different in two strains of corn borers found in southwestern Ontario. Crosses between these two strains demonstrated that growth rate was female sex linked while diapause incidence was male sex linked. The effect of these two characteristics on hybridization is discussed.