bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visits on ‘lamb-viewing days’ at a sheep farm open to the public was a risk factor for Q fever in 2009
Authors: WHELAN J. , SCHIMMER B. , DE BRUIN A. , VAN BEEST HOLLE M. ROBERT-DU RY , VAN DER HOEK W. , TER SCHEGGET R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYBetween February and May 2009, 347 laboratory-confirmed cases of acute Q fever were reported in a southern municipal health service region in The Netherlands. Commercial dairy-goat farms were implicated and control measures were initially targeted there. A preliminary investigation also implicated a non-dairy sheep farm, open to the public on ‘lamb-viewing days’. This study tested the association between visiting the non-dairy sheep farm and developing Q fever in residents of the region between February and May 2009. A case-control study of 146 cases and 431 address-matched controls was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between visiting to the sheep farm and Q fever disease (matched odds ratio 43, 95% confidence interval 9–200). Other risk factors were being a smoker, having a past medical history and being aged >40 years. Vaccination of sheep and goats on farms open to the public should help to reduce the number of future human cases.
Understanding the socioeconomic heterogeneity in healthcare in US counties: the effect of population density, education and poverty on H1N1 pandemic mortality
Authors: PONNAMBALAM L. , SAMAVEDHAM L. , LEE H. R. , HO C. S. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe recent outbreak of H1N1 has provided the scientific community with a sad but timely opportunity to understand the influence of socioeconomic determinants on H1N1 pandemic mortality. To this end, we have used data collected from 341 US counties to model H1N1 deaths/1000 using 12 socioeconomic predictors to discover why certain counties reported fewer H1N1 deaths compared to other counties. These predictors were then used to build a decision tree. The decision tree developed was then used to predict H1N1 mortality for the whole of the USA. Our estimate of 7667 H1N1 deaths are in accord with the lower bound of the CDC estimate of 8870 deaths. In addition to the H1N1 death estimates, we have listed possible counties to be targeted for health-related interventions. The respective state/county authorities can use these results as the basis to target and optimize the distribution of public health resources.
Adverse events and development of tuberculosis after 4 months of rifampicin prophylaxis in a tuberculosis outbreak
Authors: LEE S. H. , YIM J.-J. , KIM H. J. , SHIM T. S. , SEO H. S. , CHO Y. S. , LEE H.-K. , LEE Y. M. , LEE E. J. , LEW W. J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYWe screened tuberculosis (TB) contacts as an outbreak investigation with tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). We evaluated adverse events and TB incidence in all persons screened after rifampicin (RFP) prophylaxis, and specifically assessed the new TB cases in relation to initial TST and IGRA results. The 180 contacts were divided into four groups: TST+/IGRA+ (n=101), TST+/IGRA− (n=22), TST−/IGRA+ (n=16), and TST–/IGRA– (n=41). RFP treatment (4 months) was prescribed only to the TST+/IGRA+ group. Of 87 contacts who initiated prophylaxis, adverse events occurred in 21 contacts (24·1%) including hepatotoxicity (11·5%), flu-like syndrome (5·7%), and thrombocytopenia (3·4%). TB developed in two TST+/IGRA+ subjects after completion of prophylaxis, including one multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB case during 21·8 months of follow-up. Adverse events were frequent, and development of TB including MDR-TB occurred after RFP prophylaxis.
A cognitive-pragmatic view of the French epistemic future
Authors: DE SAUSSURE LOUIS , MORENCY PATRICK 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we review the various types of epistemic usages of the (simple and anterior) future tenses in French with the assumption that what actually licenses their occurrence is not a semantic feature such as aspect but pragmatic effects that give relevance to the utterance at the moment of speech. We review the main hypotheses proposed in the relevant literature and conclude that epistemic futures seem to fulfill the function of communicating – through a metarepresentation of a future verification – not only epistemic modality and evidentiality, but also, and perhaps especially, the inference that a particular course of action has to be undertaken from the perspective of a state of affairs that is true in the present.
Efficiency, enforcement and revenue tradeoffs in participatory forest management: an example from Tanzania
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth J. Z. , Lokina Razack B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhere joint forest management has been introduced into Tanzania, ‘volunteer’ patrollers take responsibility for enforcing restrictions over the harvesting of forest resources, often receiving as an incentive a share of the collected fine revenue. Using an optimal enforcement model, we explore how that share, and whether villagers have alternative sources of forest products, determines the effort patrollers put into enforcement and whether they choose to take a bribe rather than honestly reporting the illegal collection of forest resources. Without funds for paying and monitoring patrollers, policy makers face tradeoffs over illegal extraction, forest protection and revenue generation through fine collection.
Process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Authors: Christian Meaghan S , Evans Charlotte EL , Ransley Joan K , Greenwood Darren C , Thomas James D , Cade Janet E 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present analysis evaluates the overall appreciation and implementation of an intervention, Project Tomato, designed to maintain fruit and vegetable intake in children aged 8–9 years.DesignA random sample of fifty-four English primary schools (658 children) were randomised to either the intervention group or the control. The intervention group received a multi-component programme delivered in school by teachers and items sent home for parents/children. Dietary measurements were collected at baseline and follow-up. The intervention participants completed questionnaires on the intervention materials, to identify implementation and appreciation of the intervention, and other environmental mechanisms.SettingFifty-four primary schools were randomly selected, with twenty-seven schools allocated to the intervention group.SubjectsA total of 311 children received the intervention.ResultsImplementation of the intervention was low, 21·3 % of school items and 56·0 % of home items were implemented. The intervention materials were well received by teachers, parents and children. Other mechanisms that may affect fruit and vegetable intake were explored. Children who ate their main meal with their parents 3–7 nights/week on average consumed 37·6 (95 % CI 9·8, 65·4) g more fruit and vegetables than children who ate with their parents 0–2 times/week.ConclusionsImplementation of the trial components was poor. However, the results identified the importance of parental environment and mealtime structure on children's fruit and vegetable intake.
Measuring physical activity using accelerometry in 13–15-year-old adolescents: the importance of including non-wear activities
Authors: De Meester Femke , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Deforche Benedicte , Ottevaere Charlene , Cardon Greet 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the impact of non-wear activities registered in diaries when using accelerometers to assess physical activity (PA) in young adolescents.DesignData arise from a large-scale cross-sectional study on PA. PA was objectively assessed using Actigraph™ accelerometers (Actigraph MTI, Manufacturing Technology Inc., Pensacola, FL, USA) during seven consecutive days. Non-wear time activity diaries were provided to register the activities for which the accelerometer was removed. After correction to deal with over-reporting, the registered minutes of PA were used to replace periods of non-wear time measured by the accelerometer.SettingBetween October 2008 and May 2009 adolescents were recruited by home visits in Ghent (Belgium).SubjectsYoung adolescents (n 513; 48·6 % boys) aged 13 to 15 years.ResultsOf the total sample, 49·9 % registered at least one activity of moderate to vigorous intensity in the non-wear time activity diary. More adolescents registered an activity performed on a weekday than on a weekend day and the registered mean number of minutes of moderate to vigorous PA were higher on weekend days. Repeated-measures (M)ANOVA tests revealed a significant difference between the mean minutes with and without non-wear activities for all PA intensities, regardless of adolescents’ socio-economic status or gender. More adolescents achieved the PA recommendations after inclusion of the non-wear activities irrespective of accelerometer thresholds used.ConclusionsThe collection of information regarding non-wear time by non-wear time activity diaries when using accelerometers in 13–15-year-old adolescents can lead to different PA outcomes at the individual level and therefore can improve the ability to accurately measure PA.
Awareness and use of the Heart Symbol by Finnish consumers
Authors: Lahti-Koski Marjaana , Helakorpi Satu , Olli Mari , Vartiainen Erkki , Puska Pekka 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study the awareness of the Heart Symbol in different age and educational groups, and changes in the awareness over a 9-year period. In addition, the reported use of products with the symbol was examined.DesignA series of annual cross-sectional postal surveys on Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population.SettingA random sample (n 5000 per annum) from the Finnish population aged 15–64 years, drawn from the National Population Register, received a questionnaire.SubjectsMen and women (n 29 378) participating in the surveys in 2000–2009.ResultsAt the early 2000s, 48 % of men and 73 % of women reported to be familiar with the symbol. The corresponding rates were 66 % for men and 91 % for women in 2009. The reported use of products with the symbol increased from 29 % to 52 % in men and from 40 % to 72 % in women. In men, the awareness did not vary by age, whereas older women (45–64 years) were less likely to be aware of the symbol compared with younger women (25–34 years). Men and women with the highest education were best aware of the symbol and more likely to use the products in the early 2000s. The educational differences diminished or disappeared during the study period.ConclusionsThe majority of Finnish adults are familiar with the Heart Symbol, and the reported use of such products increased in all age and educational groups, especially among the less educated. The symbol may work as an effective measure to diminish nutrition-related health inequalities.
Interactions between urban water policy, residential irrigation, and plant & bird diversity in the Fresno-Clovis Metro Area
Authors: Özgöc-Çağlar Derya , Katti Madhusudan , Reid Seth , Schleder Bradley , Bushoven John , Jones Andrew , Delcore Henry 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods:
Ecological theory has begun to incorporate humans as part of coupled socio-ecological systems. Modern urban development provides an excellent laboratory to examine the interplay among socio-ecological relationships. Urban land and water management decisions result from dynamic interactions between institutional, individual and ecological factors. Landscaping and irrigation at any particular residence, for example, is a product of geography, hydrology, soil, and other local environmental conditions, the homeowners’ cultural preferences, socioeconomic status, identity construction, neighborhood dynamics, as well as zoning laws, market conditions, city policies, and county/state/federal government regulations. Since land and water management are key determinants of habitat for other species, urban biodiversity is strongly driven by the outcome of interactions between these variables. This study addresses the significance of water as a key variable in the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area (FCMA), shaping current patterns of landscape and water use, at a time when the city of Fresno is installing meters as a regulatory tool to conserve water. We combine data from a citizen science bird monitoring project, field surveys of trees, and mail surveys of residents to address interactions among key components of the urban socioecological system.

Results/Conclusions:
We present results of multivariate analyses of bird and tree surveys to show that neighborhood income and irrigation levels interact to influence species diversity of both taxa. Data from the Fresno Bird Count found that bird species richness and functional group diversity are both strongly correlated with residential irrigation and neighborhood income levels. Tree species diversity shows a similar pattern. We examine these results to test and develop several theoretical models explaining outdoor water use behaviors, with the aim of assessing the resilience of such behaviors with the introduction of water metering in Fresno, and the resilience of urban plant and bird communities to resulting changes in water use in the landscape. We argue that socioeconomic status results from a complex interplay of cultural, economic, structural, and social-psychological factors, influencing institutional policies regarding the governance of water resources, and in turn impacts biodiversity within the urban landscape through spatial and temporal variations in water usage. This study is part of a long-term research project that examines the impacts of human water usage and water use policies on biodiversity within an urban environment.
ONS Open Melting Point Collection
Authors: Bradley Jean-Claude , Lang Andrew , Williams Antony , Curtin Evan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis book represents a PDF version of Dataset ONSMP029 (2706 unique compounds, 7413 measurements) from a project to collect and curate melting points made available as Open Data. This particular collection was selected from the application of a threshold to favor the likelihood of reliability. Specifically, the entire range of averaged values for a data point was set to 0.01 C to 5 C, with at least two different measurements within this range. Measurements were pooled and processed from the following sources: Alfa Aesar, MDPI, Bergstrom, PhysProp, DrugBank, Bell, Oxford MSDS, Hughes, Griffiths and the Chemical Information Validation Spreadsheet. Links to all the information sources and web services are available from the Open Melting Point Resource page: http://onswebservices.wikispaces.com/meltingpoint
Quantifying cooperative intermolecular interactions for improved carbon dioxide capture materials
Authors: de Lange Katrina M. , Lane Joseph R. 
Published: August 2011

We have optimized the geometry and calculated interaction energies for over 100 different complexes of CO2 with various combinations of electron accepting (Lewis acid) and electron donating (Lewis base) molecules. We have used the recently developed explicitly correlated coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)-F12] methods and the associated VXZ-F12 (where X = D,T,Q) basis sets. We observe only modest changes in the geometric parameters of CO2 upon complexation, which suggests that the geometry of CO2 adsorbed in a nanoporous material should be similar to that of CO2 in gas phase. When CO2 forms a complex with two Lewis acids via the two electron rich terminal oxygen atoms, the interaction energy is less than twice what would be expected for the same complex involving a single Lewis acid. We consider a series of complexes that exhibit simultaneous CO2-Lewis acid and CO2-Lewis base intermolecular interactions, with total interaction energies spanning 14.1–105.9 kJ mol−1. For these cooperative complexes, we find that the total interaction energy is greater than the sum of the interaction energies of the constituent complexes. Furthermore, the intermolecular distances of the cooperative complexes are contracted as compared to the constituent complexes. We suggest that metal-organic-framework or similar nanoporous materials could be designed with adsorption sites specifically tailored for CO2 to allow cooperative intermolecular interactions, facilitating enhanced CO2 adsorption.
Contextual analysis of RNAi-based functional screens using interaction networks
Authors: Gonzalez Orland , Zimmer Ralf 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Considerable attention has been directed in recent years toward the development of methods for the contextual analysis of expression data using interaction networks. Of particular interest has been the identification of active subnetworks by detecting regions enriched with differential expression. In contrast, however, very little effort has been made toward the application of comparable methods to other types of high-throughput data.
Results: Here, we propose a new method based on co-clustering that is specifically designed for the exploratory analysis of large-scale, RNAi-based functional screens. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to a genome-scale dataset aimed at identifying host factors of the human pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV). In addition to recovering known cellular modules relevant to HCV infection, the results enabled us to identify new candidates and formulate biological hypotheses regarding possible roles and mechanisms for a number of them. For example, our analysis indicated that HCV, similar to other enveloped viruses, exploits elements within the endosomal pathway in order to acquire a membrane and facilitate assembly and release. This echoed a number of recent studies which showed that the ESCRT-III complex is essential to productive infection.
Contact: gonzalez@bio.ifi.lmu.de
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An AP2 Domain-Containing Gene, ESE1, Targeted by the Ethylene Signaling Component EIN3 Is Important for the Salt Response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Li Zhuofu , Quan Ruidang , Li Guojing , Wang Ruigang , Huang Rongfeng 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Accumulating investigations reveal that ethylene signaling is involved in the salt response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and it has been reported that overexpression of a number of ethylene response factor (ERF) genes enhances salt tolerance; however, transcriptional regulation of the ethylene signal component ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) in the salt response has not been clearly defined. Consulting microarray data and transcriptional confirmations showed that three of the ERF genes were ethylene and salt inducible, named ESE1 to ESE3. Additionally, the expression of one of the ESE genes (ESE1) was suppressed in ein2, ein3-1, eil1-3, and ein3 eil1 but enhanced in EIN3-overexpressing (EIN3ox) lines. Inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and ethylene action, AgNO3, reduced the expression of ESE1, while ethylene overproduction eto mutants enhanced the expression of ESE1, indicating that ESE1 is an ethylene-modulated gene downstream of EIN3/EIL1. Further analyses with biochemical and molecular approaches revealed that EIN3 physically binds to the ESE1 promoter, demonstrating that ESE1 was one target of EIN3. ESE1 in turn binds to promoters of salt-related genes, such as RD29A and COR15A. Moreover, either EIN3ox or ESE1ox was sufficient to enhance transcript levels of salt-related genes and salt tolerance. In addition, ESE1ox in ein3 enhanced the salt response during seed germination and seedling development, demonstrating that ESE1 is genetically downstream of EIN3. Thus, the evidence in this report reveals that the transcriptional complex of EIN3-ESE1 is a crucial event in the salt response, thereby connecting the transcriptional regulation of EIN3 and the downstream ERF protein ESE1 in the salt response.
Genome-Wide Characterization of the HD-ZIP IV Transcription Factor Family in Maize: Preferential Expression in the Epidermis
Authors: Javelle Marie , Klein-Cosson Catherine , Vernoud Vanessa , Boltz Véronique , Maher Chris , Timmermans Marja , Depège-Fargeix Nathalie , Rogowsky Peter M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTranscription factors of the plant-specific homeodomain leucine zipper IV (HD-ZIP IV) family have been found from moss to higher plants, and several family members have been associated with epidermis-related expression and/or function. In maize (Zea mays), four of the five characterized HD-ZIP IV family members are expressed specifically in the epidermis, one contributes to trichome development, and target genes of another one are involved in cuticle biosynthesis. Assessing the phylogeny, synteny, gene structure, expression, and regulation of the entire family in maize, 12 novel ZmHDZIV genes were identified in the recently sequenced maize genome. Among the 17 genes, eight form homeologous pairs duplicated after the split of maize and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), whereas a fifth duplication is shared with sorghum. All 17 ZmHDZIV genes appear to be derived from a basic module containing seven introns in the coding region. With one possible exception, all 17 ZmHDZIV genes are expressed and show preferential expression in immature reproductive organs. Fourteen of 15 ZmHDZIV genes with detectable expression in laser-dissected tissues exhibit a moderate to very strong expression preference for the epidermis, suggesting that at least in maize, the majority of HD-ZIP IV family members may have epidermis-related functions. Thirteen ZmHDZIV genes carry conserved motifs of 19 and 21 nucleotides in their 3′ untranslated region. The strong evolutionary conservation and the size of the conserved motifs in the 3′ untranslated region suggest that the expression of HD-ZIP IV genes may be regulated by small RNAs.
Genetic characterization of the HrpL regulon of the fire blight pathogenErwinia amylovorareveals novel virulence factors
Authors: MCNALLY R. RYAN , TOTH IAN K. , COCK PETER J. A. , PRITCHARD LEIGHTON , HEDLEY PETE E. , MORRIS JENNY A. , ZHAO YOUFU , SUNDIN GEORGE W. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe bacterial pathogenErwinia amylovorais the causal agent of fire blight, an economically significant disease of apple and pear. Disease initiation byE. amylovorarequires the translocation of effector proteins into host cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS). The alternative sigma factor HrpL positively regulates the transcription of structural and translocated components of the T3SS viahrppromoter elements. To characterize genome‐wide HrpL‐dependent gene expression inE. amylovoraEa1189, wild‐type and Ea1189ΔhrpLstrains were cultured inhrp‐inducing minimal medium, and total RNA was compared using a custom microarray designed to represent the annotated genes ofE. amylovoraATCC 49946. The results revealed 24 genes differentially regulated in Ea1189ΔhrpLrelative to Ea1189 with fold‐change expression ratios greater than 1.5; of these, 19 genes exhibited decreased transcript abundance and five genes showed increased transcript abundance relative to Ea1189. To expand our understanding of the HrpL regulon and to elucidate direct versus indirect HrpL‐mediated effects on gene expression, the genome ofE. amylovoraATCC 49946 was examinedin silicousing a hidden Markov model assembled from knownErwiniaspp.hrppromoters. This technique identified 15 putative type III novelhrppromoters, seven of which were validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction based on expression analyses. It was found that HrpL‐regulated genes encode all known components of thehrpT3SS, as well as five putative type III effectors. Eight genes displayed apparent indirect HrpL regulation, suggesting that the HrpL regulon is connected to downstream signalling networks. The construction of deletion mutants of three novel HrpL‐regulated genes resulted in the identification of additional virulence factors as well as mutants displaying abnormal motility and biofilm phenotypes.