bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious Complications From Body Piercings—A Narrative Review
Authors: Peterson Christopher J. , Lee Benjamin , Lacy Mark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Body piercings are common methods of self-expression and cultural identity and have existed for millennia. However, breaching the dermis and insertion of a foreign object entails risk, including infectious complications. Although serious complications are typically rare, especially in environments where proper piercing techniques and sanitation are practiced, the general public and healthcare professionals may be unaware of the risk for these complications. Serious complications may include tissue necrosis, endocarditis, and brain abscesses. Selection of a proper piercing locale and professional, and the use of personal hygiene practices and piercing site care can go a long way toward preventing infections. Avoidance of especially risky piercing sites or techniques may also be advisable.
An Atypical Presentation of Pulmonary Mucormycosis
Authors: Divyashree Krishna , Singh Harpreet , Suri Vikas , Bhalla Ashish , Valliapan M , Sharma Aman , Singh Harkant , Chaluvashetty Sreedhar B. , Bal Amanjit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection caused by fungi belonging to mucorales order. Manifestations vary from localized disease to disseminated infection. Various types of mucormycosis are rhino-orbito-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, renal, and disseminated. Pulmonary form is more common in patients with solid organ transplant and post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multimodality treatment is used in the form of aggressive antifungals, surgery where possible, and control of underlying disease/factors. Here, we present an unusual presentation of pulmonary mucormycosis successfully managed with liposomal amphotericin B and surgical lobectomy.
Baseline coronary artery stenosis severity is an independent predictor of subsequent poor sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Yakut Idris , Kanal Yücel , Konte Hasan Can , Ozbay Mustafa Bilal , Yüksekkaya Baran , Celebi Ozlem Ozcan , Ozeke Ozcan , Aydoğdu Sinan 
Published: April 2024

Aim
To investigate the relationship between coronary artery lesion severity determined using the baseline SYNTAX score and sleep problems that might occur after discharge determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Methods
This prospective study included patients with first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary angiography between February 2019 and August 2019. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was classified according to coronary angiography and SYNTAX scores. Patients were grouped as those with a SYNTAX score of ≤22 and >22. Sleep quality after discharge was classified according to the PSQI. PSQI ≤5 represented good sleep quality, and PSQI >5 represented poor sleep quality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and coronary artery stenosis severity.

Results
A total of 424 patients were included in the study. Of these, 294 (69.34%) had a SYNTAX score of ≤22 and 130 (30.66%) had a SYNTAX score of >22. The mean age of all patients was 60.37 ± 12.23 years, 59.69 ± 11.85 years in the SYNTAX ≤22 groups and 61.90 ± 12.98 years in the SYNTAX >22 group (P = 0.086). The majority (78.54%) of the patients were male and there was no significant difference between the SYNTAX ≤22 group and the SYNTAX >22 group in terms of sex distribution (P = 0.383). According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, age (P = 0.014), diabetes (P = 0.027), left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.039), creatine kinase MB (P = 0.040) and SYNTAX scores (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with high PSQI global scores (>5). However, according to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, high (>22) SYNTAX scores were the only factor independently associated with the high (>5) PSQI global scores [odds ratio, 3.477; 95% confidence interval (CI), (2.190–5.522); P < 0.001]. Complete revascularization group had significantly higher sleep latency and sleep duration time, sleep efficiency and the percentage of patients with PSQI global score of ≤5 than the incomplete revascularization group (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion
Among patients with ACS, those with high SYNTAX scores should be monitored more carefully for sleep disorders that may occur later.
Cardiovascular risk profile in two cohorts of young apparently healthy South Asian descendants in the Netherlands: still a long way to go!
Authors: Gobardhan Sanjay N. , Oemrawsingh Pranobe V. , Liem Su S. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Schalij Martin J. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) imposes a major healthcare burden on young descendants of South Asian migrants living in the western world. In comparison to the native population, the prevalence is significantly higher and the prevalence of CVD risk factors is increasing rapidly. The cardiovascular risk profile and 10-year risk scores of South Asian descendants were evaluated in two cohorts with a 10-year time difference.

Methods
Two cross-sectional studies, conducted in 2004 and 2014, focused on asymptomatic South Asian descendants aged 18–59 years were performed. A short questionnaire, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and nonfasting blood tests were obtained. The cohort of 2014 was matched with the cohort of 2004, based on age, gender, and family history of CVD.

Results
In 2014, 674 South Asians (44% men, age 38.2 ± 12.0 years) were matched with 674 South Asians (44% men, age 38.3 ± 12.1 years) included in 2004. Notably, hypertension prevalence decreased significantly in 2014 (10.6% vs 23.1% in 2004, P < 0.001), while mean BMI increased (26.1 vs 24.9, P < 0.001). The mean Framingham risk score was lower in 2014 (5.31 ± 6.19%) than in 2004 (6.45 ± 8.02%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that South Asian descendants in 2014 have a lower but still high absolute risk for coronary events compared to 2004. Important differences in cardiovascular risk profile exist. Despite improvements, South Asian descendants in 2014 still face a high absolute risk for coronary events compared to 2004, indicating the necessity for continued primary prevention and lifestyle interventions.
Psychosocial and Support Needs of the Main Caregiver for Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Treatment for Cancer
Authors: Pettitt Nicola J. , Petrella Anika R. , Neilson Susan , Topping Annie , Taylor Rachel M. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Family relationships and social networks are critically important to adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, impacting their experience and well-being throughout the cancer trajectory. A cancer diagnosis impacts the development of independence and an adult identity, which can present challenges to psychosocial well-being needs and relationships between caregivers and AYAs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial and support needs of the main caregivers of AYAs.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the BRIGHTLIGHT caregiver survey, exploring items pertaining to support offered/engaged with, appraisal of helpfulness, and caregivers’ emotional and psychological distress experience. Descriptive statistics, a correlational analysis, and a 1-way analysis of variance were conducted.

Results
There were 518 caregiver responses (62%). Over half received information about their caregiving needs, with the majority finding this very/fairly helpful. Most (80%) of those who had not received the information would have valued it. High levels of negative emotional and psychological well-being were reported, with 91% feeling depressed or anxious since the AYAs’ diagnosis and 41% always/often experiencing these feelings. Total distress was associated with being younger, a parent, female, and unemployed, and earning a below-average income.

Conclusions
The needs of caregivers are broad and multidimensional; however, some characteristics were associated with higher distress. When caregiver-specific information was provided by healthcare professionals, it was well received.

Implications for Practice
Healthcare professionals should consider caregivers’ needs individually and provide/signpost to support. Caregivers need to be involved in designing and implementing future research, given the heterogeneity of needs identified.
Mediation of Psychological Capital in Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Rew Lynn , Slesnick Natasha , Kesler Shelli , Rhee Hyekyun 
Published: April 2024

Background
Youth who experience homelessness engage in behaviors that place them at high risk for disease and injury. Despite their health risk behaviors, these youth display psychological capital, positive attributes of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism that motivate them to engage in health-promoting behaviors such as safer sex. However, this array of positive psychological attributes has not been studied in this vulnerable population.

Objectives
The specific aim of this analysis was to determine whether factors of psychological capital mediated the relationship between background risk factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, educational attainment, reason for being homeless, sexual abuse history, and HIV status) and outcomes of condom intention, safer sex behaviors, and life satisfaction among youth who participated in a longitudinal intervention study.

Methods
Using a Solomon four-group design, 602 youth were recruited from drop-in centers in two large cities (Columbus, Ohio, and Austin, Texas) to participate in a brief intervention that included outcomes of enhanced communication skills, goal setting, safer sex behaviors, drug refusal skills, and life satisfaction. Using an autoregressive, cross-lagged, longitudinal mediation model, we tested the direct and indirect effects of background factors, psychological capital, and intervention outcomes. Models were tested for the intervention group alone and the total sample.

Results
There were no significant direct or indirect effects of background factors on intervention outcomes among the intervention group, and the model fit was poor. There were also no significant mediating paths via factors of psychological capital and poor model fit for the combined group.

Discussion
Findings provide important information about intrinsic strengths of youth experiencing homelessness and psychological capital as a significant construct for understanding health behaviors among disadvantaged and underserved youth. The lack of significant mediation effects may have been due, in part, to the lack of a robust measure of psychological capital. Further study with various background factors and outcomes would contribute further to our understanding of how best to support this population.
Is Endometrial Receptivity Affected in Women With Endometriosis? Results From a Matched Pair Case-Control Study of Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatments
Authors: Casalechi Maíra , Reschini Marco , Palermo Maria Carla , Di Stefano Giorgia , Vercellini Paolo , Benaglia Laura , Somigliana Edgardo , Vigano Paola 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2023;47:103414
Endometriosis is a well-established risk factor for infertility due to alterations in folliculogenesis, oocyte release from the ovaries, tubal function, and oocyte fertilization. In addition, it has been hypothesized that the presence of an abnormal endometrium, a known consequence of endometriosis, may impair embryo implantation leading to impaired pregnancy outcomes.
Total worker health® based Helicobacter pylori public health prevention strategy
Authors: Fernandez-Tardon Guillermo , Gan Rick Kye , Rodriguez-Suarez Marta-Maria , Tardon Adonina , Arcos-González Pedro 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to explore the public health approach for Helicobacter pylori Infection Prevention within the Total Worker Health (TWH) framework strategy.

Recent findings
The review identifies certain occupations considered high-risk groups for H. pylori infection. It underscores primary, secondary, and tertiary public health preventive measures align with the TWH approach. Within this framework, the role of raising awareness, emphasizing infection control, worker hygiene, risk assessment, and ensuring healthcare accessibility is emphasized. The importance of early detection, treatment, eradication, and a TWH approach emerges as a central theme. The TWH approach offers a holistic perspective, intertwining occupation-related health risks with overall health and well being.

Summary
Adopting the TWH approach, coupled with household-based infection control and eradication strategies, can significantly reduce H. pylori prevalence, fostering a healthier workforce and diminishing long-term healthcare costs. The review underscores the importance of recognizing H. pylori as an occupational disease. It calls for further research into the “one-health” perspective on H. pylori transmission dynamics.
Characteristics of firearm injury by injury intent: The need for tailored interventions
Authors: Waddle Shelbie D. , Hink Ashley B. , Kuhls Deborah A. , Rivara Frederick P. , Sakran Joseph V. , Agoubi Lauren L. , Winchester Alex S. , Richards Jacy , Hoeft Christopher , Patel Bhavin , Michaels Holly , Nathens Avery B. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION
While the United States has high quality data on firearm-related deaths, less information is available on those who arrive at trauma centers alive, especially those discharged from the emergency department. This study sought to describe characteristics of patients arriving to trauma centers alive following a firearm injury, postulating that significant differences in firearm injury intent might provide insights into injury prevention strategies.

METHODS
This was a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients treated for firearm-related injuries at 128 US trauma centers from March 2021 to February 2022. Data collected included patient-level sociodemographic, injury and clinical characteristics, community characteristics, and context of injury. The outcome of interest was the association between these factors and the intent of firearm injury. Measures of urbanicity, community distress, and strength of state firearm laws were used to characterize patient communities.

RESULTS
A total of 15,232 patients presented with firearm-related injuries across 128 centers in 41 states. Overall, 9.5% of patients died, and deaths were more common among law enforcement and self-inflicted firearm injuries (80.9% and 50.5%, respectively). These patients were also more likely to have a history of mental illness. Self-inflicted firearm injuries were more common in older White men from rural and less distressed communities, whereas firearm assaults were more common in younger Black men from urban and more distressed communities. Unintentional injuries were more common among younger patients and in states with lower firearm safety grades, whereas law enforcement–related injuries occurred most often in unemployed patients with a history of mental illness.

CONCLUSION
Injury, clinical, sociodemographic, and community characteristics among patients injured by a firearm significantly differed between intents. With the goal of reducing firearm-related deaths, strategies and interventions need to be tailored to include community improvement and services that address specific patient risk factors for firearm injury intent.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Halawa Omar , Gibbons Alison , Van Brummen Alexandra , Li Emily 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition traditionally associated with high morbidity and mortality. More recent case series report more favorable outcomes, including full functional recovery. A comprehensive assessment of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of visual and survival outcomes in septic CST is warranted to contemporize current understanding and help guide management.

Methods:
A multicentered retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care centers using an electronic medical record search of the term, “thrombosis of cavernous venous sinus” between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021. Inclusion criteria consisted of active infection and radiographic evidence of associated CST. Demographic and clinical data extracted included age at presentation, sex, infection type and extent, and ophthalmic examination findings at presentation—best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), presence of relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), intraocular pressure (IOP), and extraocular motility (EOM) limitation. Management data collected consisted of type and length of antimicrobial therapy, type and length of anticoagulation administration, and surgical intervention. Primary outcomes assessed were ophthalmic examination findings at final evaluation and same-hospitalization mortality.

Results:
A total of 27 patients with imaging-confirmed septic CST were identified at 2 tertiary care centers. At presentation, 2 (8.7%) patients had no light perception (NLP) vision, 8 (29.6%) patients had RAPD, 17 (73.9%) patients had EOM limitation, and 13 (54.2%) had IOP >21 mm Hg. All patients received antimicrobial therapy, with vancomycin being the most common agent. Fifteen patients (55.6%) received anticoagulation, and 21 (81.5%) patients underwent surgical intervention. Same-hospitalization mortality was 3 (11.1%). Among the 21 patients with ophthalmic data at follow-up, 3 (16.7%) had NLP vision, 5 (23.8%) had a persistent RAPD, 7 (31.8%) had persistent EOM limitation, and no patients had IOP elevated above 21 mm Hg. Patients with RAPD at presentation had significantly worse BCVA at final evaluation (logMAR BCVA 1.43 higher on average, P = 0.01) and a significantly higher mortality rate (37.5% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.01) than non-RAPD patients. Demographic features, BCVA at presentation, EOM limitation at presentation, elevated IOP at presentation, and comorbid orbital cellulitis were not associated with worse visual or mortality outcomes.

Conclusions:
Septic CST may result in permanent ophthalmic functional deficit in almost one-third of cases and mortality in approximately 11% of patients under contemporary management. New RAPD at presentation may indicate higher risk of poor visual and survival outcomes.
The Study of Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Visual Outcomes as a Window Into Repair
Authors: Zuroff Leah R. , Green Ari J. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Amelioration of disability in multiple sclerosis requires the development of complementary therapies that target neurodegeneration and promote repair. Remyelination is a promising neuroprotective strategy that may protect axons from damage and subsequent neurodegeneration.

Methods:
A review of key literature plus additional targeted search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted.

Results:
There has been a rapid expansion of clinical trials studying putative remyelinating candidates, but further growth of the field is limited by the lack of consensus on key aspects of trial design. We have not yet defined the ideal study population, duration of therapy, or the appropriate outcome measures to detect remyelination in humans. The varied natural history of multiple sclerosis, coupled with the short time frame of phase II clinical trials, requires that we develop and validate biomarkers of remyelination that can serve as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials.

Conclusions:
We propose that the visual system may be the most well-suited and validated model for the study potential remyelinating agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of demyelination and summarize the current clinical trial landscape of remyelinating agents. We present some of the challenges in the study of remyelinating agents and discuss current potential biomarkers of remyelination and repair, emphasizing both established and emerging visual outcome measures.
Effect of two activators on the gating of a K2Pchannel
Authors: Mendez-Otalvaro Edward , Kopec Wojciech , de Groot Bert L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTTREK1, a two-pore-domain (2P) mammalian potassium (K+) channel, regulates the resting potential across cell membranes, presenting a promising therapeutic target for neuropathy treatment. The gating of this channel converges in the conformation of the narrowest part of the pore: the selectivity filter (SF). Various hypotheses explain TREK1 gating modulation, including the dynamics of loops connecting the SF with transmembrane helices and the stability of hydrogen bond (HB) networks adjacent to the SF. Recently, two small molecules (Q6F and Q5F) were reported as activators to affect TREK1 by increasing its open probability in single-channel current measurements. Here, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the effect of these ligands on the previously proposed modulation mechanisms of TREK1 gating compared to the apo channel. Our findings reveal that loop dynamics at the upper region of the SF exhibit only a weak correlation with permeation/ non-permeation events, whereas the HB network behind the SF appears more correlated. These non-permeation events arise from both distinct mechanisms: A C-type inactivation (resulting from dilation at the top of the SF), which has been described previously; and a carbonyl flipping in a SF binding site. We find that, besides the prevention of C-type inactivation in the channel, the ligands increase the probability of permeation by modulating the dynamics of the carbonyl flipping, influenced by a threonine residue at the bottom of the SF. These results offer insights for rational ligand design to optimize the gating modulation of TREK1 and related K+channels.
Yeast poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1) controls translation initiation in vivo primarily by blocking mRNA decapping and decay
Authors: Poonia Poonam , Valabhoju Vishalini , Li Tianwei , Iben James , Niu Xiao , Lin Zhenguo , Hinnebusch Alan G. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTPoly(A)-binding protein (Pab1 in yeast) is involved in mRNA decay and translation initiation, but its molecular functions are incompletely understood. We found that auxin-induced degradation of Pab1 reduced bulk mRNA and polysome abundance in a manner suppressed by deleting the catalytic subunit of decapping enzyme (dcp2Δ), demonstrating that enhanced decapping/degradation is the major driver of reduced mRNA abundance and protein synthesis at limiting Pab1 levels. An increased median poly(A) tail length conferred by Pab1 depletion was also nullified bydcp2Δ, suggesting that mRNA isoforms with shorter tails are preferentially decapped/degraded at limiting Pab1. In contrast to findings on mammalian cells, the translational efficiencies (TEs) of many mRNAs were altered by Pab1 depletion; however, these changes were broadly diminished bydcp2Δ, suggesting that reduced mRNA abundance is a major driver of translational reprogramming at limiting Pab1. Thus, assembly of the closed-loop mRNP via PABP-eIF4G interaction appears to be dispensable for normal translation of most yeast mRNAs in vivo. Interestingly, histone mRNAs and proteins are preferentially diminished on Pab1 depletion dependent on Dcp2, accompanied by activation of internal cryptic promoters in the manner expected for reduced nucleosome occupancies, revealing a new layer of post-transcriptional control of histone gene expression.