bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The publication of Australian Press Council Adjudication 1468: a failure to meet ‘due prominence’ requirements
Authors: Donovan Robert John , Wilkes Edward , Fielder Lynda , Jalleh Geoffrey 
Published: April 2012

The Australian Press Council, the print media self‐regulation body in Australia that receives and adjudicates complaints by the public, states that upheld adjudications are to be published with ‘due prominence’. The Council defines ‘due prominence’ as publishing the adjudication such that it is ‘likely to be read by those who saw the offending material’. In 2010 the Council upheld a complaint about misleading material that occurred on the front page of a newspaper. The complaint included that the misleading front page material triggered a large number of insulting letters about the person in that story which the newspaper published the following day. The newspaper published the upheld adjudication (no. 1468) on the letters page even though the primary offending material occurred on the front page. Rather than seek re‐publication in a more prominent location, the Australian Press Council accepted the newspaper's placement as satisfying their ‘due prominence’ requirement.Given the apparent inconsistency between publication of the adjudication on the letters page and the ‘likely to be read by’ definition of due prominence, we provided 100 adult newspaper readers with brief details of the upheld complaint and the definition of due prominence and asked where in the paper the adjudication should be published. Contrary to the Council's acceptance of the location of the newspaper's publication of the adjudication, the vast majority of newspaper readers (88%) responded with the front page (62%) or the first three pages (26%). This discrepancy is discussed in the context of the efficacy of self‐regulation and the ethical standards of bodies charged with ethical governance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiles of Steroidal Saponins from the Aerial Parts of Tribulus pentandrus, T. megistopterus subsp. pterocarpus and T. parvispinus by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Hamed Arafa I. , Janda Bogdan , Mahalel Usama A. , Stochmal Anna , Oleszek Wieslaw 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionTribulus is a well‐known pharmaceutical herb that has been used for a long time in the traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. It has been found that the genus Tribulus is rich in biologically active furostane‐, cholestane‐ and spirostane‐type steroidal saponins.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid, sensitive and accurate method based on liquid‐phase extraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS) to identify different saponins in three species of the genus Tribulus, and to quantify the compounds that are already known.MethodologyAfter extraction from the species studied, the extracts were subjected to HPLC analyses with an XTerra® MS C18‐column and a binary mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, and with an ESI‐MS detection in the negative ion mode. Data were acquired and processed using the Xcalibur 1.3 software.ResultsThe results exhibited that the profiles of native steroidal glycosides of both T. pentandrus and T. megistopterus subsp. pterocarpus were very similar to each other, but that of T. parvispinus was remarkably different. The fragmentation patterns provided evidence that the saponins possess spirostane‐, cholestane‐ and furostane‐type aglycones. Quantitative analyses suggested that these species are a rich source of steroidal saponins.ConclusionHPLC–ESI‐MS/MS allowed identification of the key compounds without preparative isolation of the components from the crude extract of Tribulus species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Normal’ nuchal translucency: a justification to refrain from detailed scan? Analysis of 6858 cases with special reference to ethical aspects
Authors: Becker Rolf , Schmitz Lothar , Kilavuz Stefania , Stumm Markus , Wegner Rolf‐Dieter , Bittner Uta 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and detection rate of major anomalies (MAs) by applying first trimester anomaly scan (FTAS) including first trimester fetal echocardiography (FTFE) to all fetuses and discuss ethical implications.MethodsThe study group included 6879 consecutive fetuses with known outcome of pregnancy (follow‐up: 98%), 6565 with ‘normal’ nuchal translucency (NT) (≤P95), 314 with ‘increased’ NT (>P95). All fetuses received FTAS/FTFE. As MAs with the potential of being detected at FTAS/FTFE, we defined anomalies present at conception or developed during first trimester.ResultsPrevalence of MAs in fetuses with ‘normal’ NT reached 1.7%. Although 29.8% of chromosomal abnormalities were found in the group of ‘normal’ NT, 77% of MAs accompanied by a normal karyotype were found in this group. In fetuses with ‘normal’ NT and MA, diagnosis was made prenatally in 87.4% (FTAS/FTFE: 58.6%).ConclusionA relevant number of MA is present in fetuses with ‘normal’ NT. More than half will be detected by FTAS/FTFE. As consequence, one should discuss a concept in which also in fetuses with ‘normal’ NT, FTAS/FTFE should be offered. This concept can also be justified from an ethical point of view, which focuses on the principles of nonmaleficence, justice and respect for autonomy of the pregnant woman. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome by identification of a novel CHD7 mutation in a previously unaffected family
Authors: Colin Estelle , Bonneau Dominique , Boussion Francoise , Guichet Agnès , Delorme Benoit , Triau Stéphane , Gillard Phillippe , Kitzis Alain , Bilan Frederic 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTCHARGE syndrome comprises ocular coloboma (C), heart malformation (H), choanal atresia (A), retardation of growth and/or anomalies of the central nervous system (R), genital anomalies (G) and ear anomalies (E). Prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome may be suspected in the presence of specific major anomalies at ultrasound examination. We describe prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome confirmed by identification of a mutation in CHD7 gene in a previously unaffected family. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using published criteria to develop a list of potentially inappropriate medications for elderly patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chirn‐Bin , Yang Shu‐Yu , Lai Hsiu‐Yun , Wu Ru‐Shu , Liu Hsing‐Cheng , Hsu Hsiu‐Ying , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Chan Ding‐Cheng 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundExplicit criteria for potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) developed from other regions were often difficult to apply to a specific territory without significant modifications.PurposeTo describe a process of developing a country‐specific explicit PIM criteria from quality review of several published PIM criteria, followed by consensus among regional experts in Taiwan.MethodsAfter a review of the literature, we selected seven sets of published PIM criteria. Medications/medication classes listed in at least three of the seven sets of criteria were selected as preliminary core PIMs. We asked a group of 21 experts from various specialties to rate how appropriate they found inclusion of each medication/medication class in final PIM criteria after two rounds of modified Delphi methods.ResultsTable 1 of the instrument included 24 medication/medication classes to be generally avoided in older adults irrespective of co‐morbidities, and Table 2 included 12 chronic conditions with six medication/medication classes that patients with these conditions should avoid. The Taiwan criteria contained only half the number of statements that were included in the Beers criteria (36 vs 68 statements) but detected nearly 70–75% as many PIMs in older patients with polypharmacy in a secondary data analysis. Features included straightforward statement arrangements, suggestions of alternatives, and clear definitions of long‐acting benzodiazepine and anticholinergic drugs for Table 1 PIMs.ConclusionA user‐friendly instrument was developed to detect PIMs for Taiwanese older adults. Further prospective studies are needed to validate its use in clinical and research settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative evaluation of the drug interaction screening programs MediQ and ID PHARMA CHECK in neurological inpatients
Authors: Zorina Olesya I. , Haueis Patrick , Semmler Alexander , Marti Isabelle , Gonzenbach Roman R. , Guzek Markus , Kullak‐Ublick Gerd A. , Weller Michael , Russmann Stefan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe comparative evaluation of clinical decision support software (CDSS) programs regarding their sensitivity and positive predictive value for the identification of clinically relevant drug interactions.MethodsIn this research, we used a cross‐sectional study that identified potential drug interactions using the CDSS MediQ and the ID PHARMA CHECK in 484 neurological inpatients. Interactions were reclassified according to the Zurich Interaction System, a multidimensional classification that incorporates the Operational Classification of Drug Interactions.ResultsIn 484 patients with 2812 prescriptions, MediQ and ID PHARMA CHECK generated a total of 1759 and 1082 alerts, respectively. MediQ identified 658 unique potentially interacting combinations, 8 classified as “high danger,” 164 as “average danger,” and 486 as “low danger.” ID PHARMA CHECK detected 336 combinations assigned to one or several of 12 risk and management categories. Altogether, both CDSS issued alerts relating to 808 unique potentially interacting combinations. According to the Zurich Interaction System, 6 of these were contraindicated, 25 were provisionally contraindicated, 190 carried a conditional risk, and 587 had a minimal risk of adverse events. The positive predictive value for alerts having at least a conditional risk was 0.24 for MediQ and 0.48 for ID PHARMA CHECK.ConclusionsCDSS showed major differences in the identification and grading of interactions, and many interactions were only identified by one of the two CDSS. For both programs, only a small proportion of all identified interactions appeared clinically relevant, and the selected display of alerts that imply management changes is a key issue in the further development and local setup of such programs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injectable hydrogels
Authors: Overstreet Derek J. , Dutta Dipankar , Stabenfeldt Sarah E. , Vernon Brent L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHydrogels are promising for a variety of medical applications due to their high water content and mechanical similarity to natural tissues. When made injectable, hydrogels can reduce the invasiveness of application, which in turn reduces surgical and recovery costs. Key schemes used to make hydrogels injectable include in situ formation due to physical and/or chemical cross‐linking. Advances in polymer science have provided new injectable hydrogels for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. A number of these injectable hydrogel systems have reached the clinic and impact the health care of many patients. However, a significant remaining challenge is translating the ever‐growing family of injectable hydrogels developed in laboratories around the world to the clinic. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Supply and Demand Chain Integration: A Case Study Conducted in the Packaging Industry
Authors: Dominic Chris 
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this work was to study the packaging supplier and the integration of integrating packaging suppliers into the supply and demand chain (SDC). The packaging industry has been analyzed using a structured market analysis, and the companies studied have been positioned in an integration model for packaging suppliers. In addition, case studies were conducted to study the development of the packaging industry and its integration within the SDC in the Scandinavian region.The analysis shows that there are gaps in the business relations between the packaging companies studied and the SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers were not integrated into the SDC. Valuable information, available in the network, seldom reaches the packaging supplier who holds the knowledge necessary to create and offer innovative packaging solutions.The article provides an empirical exploration into the field of packaging, logistics and SDC integration and an original conceptual framework that could serve as a theoretical framework for future research work applied in the packaging industry and an interesting business model to the increase understanding of packaging supply chain integration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using 3D finite volume for the pressure‐gradient force in atmospheric models
Authors: Bradley M. E. , Dowling T. E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe horizontal pressure‐gradient force is traditionally discretized in partial‐differential equation (PDE) form in atmospheric models, but may alternatively be discretized as the net normal surface force divided by the mass, which is referred to as the Green–Gauss method in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The latter approach is ubiquitous in engineering because of the utility of unstructured grids; in the meteorological context Lin derived in 1997 a two‐dimensional (2D), plane‐parallel, Green–Gauss algorithm and showed that it eliminated inaccuracies related to using terrain‐following (sigma) coordinates in steep terrain. Although a hierarchy of three‐dimensional (3D) algorithms have been developed by the CFD community, with varying cost‐to‐benefit trade‐offs, work remains to be done to take full advantage of the 3D approach in atmospheric models. Here, we move in this direction by extending Lin's 2D algorithm to 3D. As is true of all Green–Gauss implementations, our algorithm is the same regardless of choice of vertical coordinate or number of fluid constituents. We show that the modifications to the 2D algorithm may be written in the form of additive terms composed of differences of the squares of the top and bottom tilts of the finite‐volume faces; the cases for which the 2D and 3D algorithms are identical are then straightforward to discern. For plane‐parallel geometry, we include explicit finite‐volume formulae for the longitude–latitude and general convex quadrilateral planforms, which includes the cubed‐sphere grid, with arbitrary geopotentials on the eight corners. Compared with the 2D version, the 3D algorithm yields approximately a 10% reduction in truncation error and, in the context of a general circulation model, it requires only about a 1% increase in run time. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparing rain retrievals from GPROF with ECMWF 1D‐Var products
Authors: Wang Fang , Kummerow Christian , Geer Alan J. , Bauer Peter , Elsaesser Gregory 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBoth the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) one‐dimensional + four‐dimensional variational analysis (1D+4D‐Var) rainfall retrievals are inversion algorithms based on Bayes' theorem. Differences stem primarily from the a priori information. The GPROF uses an observationally generated a priori database whereas ECMWF 1D‐Var uses the model forecast first guess (FG) fields. The relative similarity in the two approaches means that comparisons can shed light on the differences that are produced by the a priori information. Case studies have found that differences can be classified into four categories based upon the agreement in the brightness temperatures (Tbs) and in the microphysical properties of cloud water path (CWP) and rainwater path (RWP) space. A category of special interest is when both retrievals converge to similar Tb through minimization procedures but produce different CWP and RWP. The similarity in Tb can be attributed to comparable total water path (TWP) between the two retrievals while the disagreement in the microphysics is caused by their different degrees of constraint of the cloud/rain ratio by the observations. This situation occurs frequently and takes up 46.9% in the 1 month 1D‐Var retrievals examined. The two retrievals produce similar spatial patterns but with different magnitude. The allocation of a large amount of CWP in the 1D‐Var retrieval seems to be related to the stratiform portion of rain, which is produced by the large‐scale condensation scheme. To attain better‐constrained cloud/rain ratios and improved retrieval quality, this study suggests the implementation of higher microwave frequency channels in the 1D‐Var algorithm. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
ASSESSING THE GEOMORPHIC EFFECTS OF A FLUSHING FLOW IN A LARGE REGULATED RIVER
Authors: Tena A. , Książek L. , Vericat D. , Batalla R. J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe lower Ebro River experiences long‐term hydrological and sedimentary adjustments following major regulation. Alterations in water and sediment fluxes have enhanced a massive macrophyte colonization that, in turn, generates a series of ecological and socio‐economic problems. Controlled water releases, so‐called flushing flows (FFs), have been designed and implemented since 2002 in this part of the river with the objectives of controlling macrophyte populations and maintaining sediment transport in the channel. FFs may produce adverse geomorphic effects, such as bed incision driven by the increased sediment transport capacity and the lack of sediment replacement from upstream. It is thus important to evaluate the potential geomorphic responses to a specific FF design, and redesign FFs regularly to maximize macrophyte removal while minimizing the undesired consequences. Geomorphic responses associated with FFs can be assessed using hydraulic and sediment transport models. In this paper, we use the hydrodynamic model CCHE2D® to evaluate the role of a monitored FF on a river's geomorphology. The designed FF had a duration of 13 h, attaining a maximum discharge of 1350 m3 s−1. A total of 3375 t of fine material were transported during that event. CCHE2D® model performance is evaluated in terms of hydraulics and sediment transport by comparing observed with modelled values (i.e. discharge, water surface elevation, sediment loads). Overall, objective functions indicate that simulations are in agreement with field observations. For instance, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the observed and modelled FF hydrograph was 93 m3 s−1, whereas the RMSE of the total load was 71 t. The example modelled here shows that the FF design typically implemented in the lower Ebro does not cause severe geomorphic impacts. The model provides visualization of the spatial patterns of erosion and deposition for the first time, allowing identification of critical zones where degradation or aggradation may occur. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND PLANT RECRUITMENT FROM SEDIMENT IN STREAM AND MEADOW HABITATS
Authors: Baattrup‐Pedersen A. , Riis T. , Larsen S. E. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTStreams and rivers constitute a dense network with a large interface to the surrounding landscape and are thus highly susceptible to anthropogenic pressures related to land‐use activities in adjacent riparian and upland areas. In the present study, we investigated the influence of catchment characteristics on potential propagule and species recruitment from sediment in lowland stream ecosystems. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) catchment characteristics affect species recruitment from stream sediment in both stream and riparian habitats and (2) recruitment of species associated with undisturbed fen‐meadow habitats is higher in places with natural vegetation in the riparian zones. A large number of wetland species emerged from the stream sediment and sediment recruitment and therefore can act as an important dispersal corridor for common species in stream ecosystems. The recruited propagules were dominated by terrestrial species, but amphibious and aquatic species also appeared, particularly in the artificial stream channels. These included among others species within the genera Ranunculus sp., Callitriche sp. and Potamogeton sp. The large between‐site differences in land‐use characteristics in the riparian zones of the studied stream reaches, both locally and along upstream reaches, were not reflected in species recruitment from the stream sediments. Thus, most recruited species were common and widely distributed, and they were dominated by species with ruderal and competitive life history strategies, whereas only few species associated with fen‐meadow vegetation were recruited. From these findings, we infer not only that hydrochorous dispersal of species can be a potential efficient dispersal vector in agricultural landscapes but also that limitations can exist as to which species can be recruited. We suggest that further studies are performed to elucidate this issue further. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging Super‐Enhanced by Multishell Nanophotonic Particles, with Application to Subcellular pH
Authors: Ray Aniruddha , Lee Yong‐Eun Koo , Kim Gwangseong , Kopelman Raoul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel nanophotonic method for enhancing the two‐photon fluorescence signal of a fluorophore is presented. It utilizes the second harmonic (SH) of the exciting light generated by noble metal nanospheres in whose near‐field the dye molecules are placed, to further enhance the dye's fluorescence signal in addition to the usual metal‐enhanced fluorescence phenomenon. This method enables demonstration, for the first time, of two‐photon fluorescence enhancement inside a biological system, namely live cells. A multishell hydrogel nanoparticle containing a silver core, a protective citrate capping, which serves also as an excitation quenching inhibitor spacer, a pH indicator dye shell, and a polyacrylamide cladding are employed. Utilizing this technique, an enhancement of up to 20 times in the two‐photon fluorescence of the indicator dye is observed. Although a significant portion of the enhanced fluorescence signal is due to one‐photon processes accompanying the SH generation of the exciting light, this method preserves all the advantages of infrared‐excited, two‐photon microscopy: enhanced penetration depth, localized excitation, low photobleaching, low autofluorescence, and low cellular damage.
Nanocomposites of Graphene Oxide and Upconversion Rare‐Earth Nanocrystals with Superior Optical Limiting Performance
Authors: Wei Wei , He Tingchao , Teng Xue , Wu Shixin , Ma Lin , Zhang Hua , Ma Jan , Yang Yanhui , Chen Hongyu , Han Yu , Sun Handong , Huang Ling 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUpconversion rare‐earth nanomaterials (URENs) possess highly efficient near‐infrared (NIR), e.g., 980 nm, laser absorption and unique energy upconversion capabilities. On the other hand, graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO), show excellent performance in optical limiting (OL); however, the wavelengths of currently used lasers for OL studies mainly focus on either 532 or 1064 nm. To design new‐generation OL materials working at other optical regions, such as the NIR, a novel nanocomposites, GO–URENs, which combines the advantages of both its components, is synthesized by a one‐step chemical reaction. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies prove that the α‐phase URENs uniformly attach on the GO surface via covalent chemical bonding, which assures highly efficient energy transfer between URENs and GO, and also accounts for the significantly improved OL performance compared to either GO or URENs. The superior OL effect is also observed in the proof‐of‐concept thin‐film product, suggesting immediate applications in making high‐performance laser‐protecting products and optoelectronic devices.