bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative pain and its impact on quality of life for hip‐fractured older people over 12 months after hospital discharge
Authors: Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Chen Mei‐Ling , Chen Min‐Chi , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Su Juin‐Yih 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  To describe pain severity and pain interference and to explore the impact of pain severity on postoperative health‐related quality of life of older people during their first year after discharge for hip surgery in Taiwan.Background.  Few studies have examined the impact of pain on postoperative quality of life for hip‐fractured older persons.Design.  A descriptive, correlational design was used for this longitudinal study.Methods.  Pain intensity, pain interference and quality of life were investigated prospectively for 87 elders within 12 months after discharge for hip surgery at a medical centre in Taiwan. Pain intensity and pain interference were measured by items from the Bodily Pain scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36, Taiwan version. Quality of life dimensions were measured by all instrument scales, except bodily pain.Results.  Moderate to severe pain was reported by 41·3% and 24.8% of subjects at one and 12 months following discharge, respectively. Pain interference with life was reported as quite a bit or extreme by 31·1% of subjects at 12 months after discharge. Subjects who reported moderate/severe pain at one month after discharge experienced declines in general health (p = 0·03) and vitality (p = 0·02) from 6–12 months after discharge.Conclusions.  Around a quarter of hip‐fractured older persons experienced moderate to very severe pain and quite a bit to severe pain interference from six months to one year after discharge. Furthermore, pain experienced during the first month after discharge significantly impacted quality of life throughout the year following discharge, even after controlling for covariates.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses must pay attention and intervene with long‐term postoperative pain in hip‐fractured elders to prevent further declines in physically related outcomes. The findings of this study can be used to develop effective pain‐management strategies for hip‐fractured older patients.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENERGIC AND OPIATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON THE ILEAL BRAKE MECHANISM IN THE RAT.
Authors: Brown Nicola J. , French S. 
Published: August 2010

CHAOS IN GASTRIC OSCILLATORSROLE OF PEPTIDE YY IN THE INTESTINAL AND GALLBLADDER MOTILITY IN DOGS.ALTERATION OF INTRINSIC INNERVATION OF SIGMOID COLON IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC CONSTIPATION.NEUROKININ A STIMULATES IRREGULAR SPIKING AND HASTENS TRANSIT OF CONTENTS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS.EFFECT OF N‐BUTHYLSCOPOLAMINE ON SPHINCTER ODDI MOTILITY IN PATIENTS DURING ROUTINE ERCP ‐ A MANOMETRIC STUDYEVALUATION OF TEE REFRACTORY PERIOD OF THE MMC THROUGH PHARMACOLOGICAL PACING OF PHASE III IN HUMANS.SLOW WAVE PERIOD PREDICTS SPIKE BURST PATTERNS IN THE DOG SMALL INTESTINE.ERYTHROMYCIN ACCELERATES GASTRIC EMPTYING BY THE INDUCTION OF POWER CONTRACTIONS IN THE GASTRIC ANTRUM.ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL INHIBITION OF THE CRURAL DIAPHRAGM DURING TRANSIENT RELAXATION OF THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTERSPECIFIC ANTAGONISM OF THE EFFECTS OF CISAPRIDE AND SEROTONIN (5‐HT) ON THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM.MYOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE SPHINCTER OF ODDI (SO) IN PATIENTS WITH POST‐CHOLECISTECTOMY PAIN SYNDROME.EFFECTS OF SR 58611A AND RITODRINE ON PROXIMAL COLON MYOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY, HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF CONSCIOUS RATS.CA2+ DEPENDENCE OF MOTILIDE INDUCED CONTRACTIONS IN RABBIT AND HUMAN DUODENAL MUSCLE STRIPS IN VITRO.THE ERYTHROMYCIN DERIVATIVE EM‐523 IS A POTENT MOTILIN AGONIST.REGULATION OF MOTILIN RECEPTOR DENSITY IN RABBIT.DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF RELAXATION BETWEEN FUNDIC AND ANTRAL HUMAN GASTRIC SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS.MOTOR ACTIVITY OF THE ILEO‐CECAL VALVE (ICV) IN MAN.EFFECT OF PROLONGED ACIDIFICATION OF THE OESOPHAGEAL BODY ON PRIMARY PERISTALSIS (PP).CORTICOTROPIN‐RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF THYROTROPIN‐RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) IN THE STRESS‐INDUCED RESPONSES OF GASTRIC EMPTYING.
Evaluation of the refractory period of the human migrating motor complex through induction of premature Phase III
Authors: MARZIO L. , PIERAMICO O. , GROSSI L. , di FELICE F. , NELSON D. K. , LAPENNA D. , CUCCURULLO F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examined the refractory period of the migrating motor complex and the ability of somatostatin to increase the oscillation frequency of the complex through the initiation of premature phase HI activity. Fifteen normal human subjects were studied by means of a naso‐intestinal motility probe and divided in three groups of five subjects each. After recording three spontaneous migrating motor complexes, somatostatin was infused at a time interval from the last spontaneous Phase III that corresponded to 10% (Group A), 20% (Group B) and 30% (Group C) of the previous mean cycle length. Eleven successive somatostatin infusions were given with the interval between each infusion being altered in a fashion designed to identify the refractory period of the MMC. The results show a spontaneous cycle length of 121.3 ± 15.8 min (mean ± SD). When given at 10% (12 min) of the previous cycle somatostatin did not elicit any response, when given at 20% (24 min) of the cycle somatostatin induced a premature Phase III activity in three of five subjects; when given at 30% (36 min) of the cycle somatostatin induced a premature Phase III in all five subjects examined. Each somatostatin infusion was associated with the onset of a premature Phase III activity in 50% of the trials when the time interval was 20% of the ideal cycle (24 ± 4 min). When the time interval was increased to 30% of the ideal cycle a premature Phase III could be recorded after each somatostatin infusion in all trials. Motilin and pancreatic polypeptide plasma levels were significantly lowered by somatostatin. It is concluded that the migrating motor complex of the human gastrointestinal tract shows an absolute and a relative refractory state. Repetitive infusions of somatostatin for short periods may increase the occurrence of Phase III activity up to four‐fold.
Biomechanical wall properties in the isolated perfused porcine duodenum: an experimental study using impedance planimetry
Authors: GREGERSEN H. , JØRGENSEN C. S. , DALL F. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aims were to investigate duodenal biomechanical wall properties and properties of the ascending peristaltic reflex using impedance planimetry in the isolated perfused porcine duodenum. Stepwise inflation from 0.5 to 3.0 kPa of an intraluminal duodenal balloon, in which the pressure and balloon cross‐sectional area (Bcsa) were measured simultaneously, provided the distension stimulus. The biomechanical wall parameters were calculated from these measurements.In‐vitro test of the measurement system demonstrated that it was sufficient for biomechanical studies. Balloon inflation induced a phase of rapid distension followed approximately after 2–6 s by a phase of slow Bcsa increase. In non‐relaxed segments, contractile activity was recorded both proximal to and at the site of distension. This activity started immediately after inflation and it usually disappeared within 20 s. Bcsa always reached equilibrium within the 2‐min inflation period. The circumferential wall tension and the pressure elastic modulus increased from 4.4 (3.9–4.7) kPa mm and 3.0 (2.4–3.6) kPa at low balloon pressures to 36.5 (33.3–39.3) kPa mm and 26.1 (20.7–32.8) kPa at a balloon pressure of 3 kPa. During muscle relaxation, the duodenum showed a viscoelastic behaviour with an immediate quick phase of Bcsa increase followed by a slow viscous phase. The latter fitted best with the mono‐exponential function f(x) =αx (1–eβt).The model provides the opportunity for studying duodenal biomechanical wall properties in an intact organ model. The behaviour of the present duodenal model is compatible with a Maxwell model.
Oesophageal motor function and outcome of treatment with H2‐blockers in erosive oesophagitis
Authors: BALDI F. , LONGANESI A. , FERRARINI F. , MICHIELETTI G. , MORSELLI‐LABATE A. M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract We studied the oesophageal motor function in 19 patients with reflux oesophagitis before and after 3–6 months of treatment with high‐dose H2‐receptor antagonists to compare the results in healed vs unhealed patients. At the end of treatment, the frequency of transient lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations unassociated with a peristaltic sequence was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the healed group in fed conditions compared both with its baseline and with the unhealed one. The frequency of primary peristalsis was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01) particularly in the healed group (P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, failed peristalsis decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) after treatment in the healed patients in fasting conditions.Our data suggest that oesophageal dysmotility observed in those patients who do not heal with high‐dose H2‐receptor antagonists, may be due to either the persistence of the mucosal lesions or to the presence of a primary motor disorder, whereas in those who heal, these abnormalities may represent a consequence of the oesophageal mucosal lesions.
Distinctive motor responses to human acute salmonellosis in the jejunum and ileum
Authors: ACCARINO A.M. , AZPIROZ F. , MALAGELADA J.‐R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGiven the differences that normally exist in jejunal and Heal motility patterns, we wished to determine whether these regions respond differently to acute enteric infections. In 10 patients with acute gastroenteritis induced by Salmonella infection and 12 healthy individuals jejunal and Heal motility was recorded at eight equidistant sites by a manometric system for 6 h during fasting. All were healthy individuals, but only three of 10 patients exhibited the cyclic inter digestive motor complex; 82 ± 9 min duration in healthy individuals (mean ± SE). In the jejenum, patients exhibited short bursts of intense activity (6.3 ± 1.6 bursts/subject in patients vs. 1.8 ± 0.5 in controls; P < 0.05); burst activity was scarce in the ileum. In contrast to healthy subjects, patients exhibited prolonged periods (64 ± 3 min duration) of Heal motor quiescence, that accounted for 32 ± 11% of recording time; such silent periods were not observed in the jejunum. Prolonged propagated ileal contractions were observed only in two healthy subjects, but in seven out of 10 patients. These data indicate that acute Salmonella infection magnifies the motor differences between the jejunum and the ileum; both regions generate aberrant and markedly different dysmotility patterns.
Gastric myoelectrical activity in premature and term infants
Authors: KOCH K. L. , TRAN T. N. , STERN R. M. , BINGAMAN S. , SPERRY N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElectrogastrography is a non‐invasive method for recording gastric myoelectrical activity. The aims of this study were to record gastric myoelectrical activity in newborn infants using electrogastrographic methods and to compare frequency distributions of postprandial electrogastrograms (EGGs) recorded after gavage feedings. Nineteen infants with gestational ages ranging from 28 weeks to term were studied. Group I subjects were studied only after formula feedings (n = 15) and were divided by age into subgroups A, B and C: A (term, n = 4), B (33–36 weeks, n = 4), and C (28–32 weeks, n = 7). Group II infants (32–34 weeks, n = 4) were studied before and after gavage feeding. The percentage of total EGG power was calculated for four frequency ranges: 1–2.4 cpm (bradygastria); 2.5–3.6 cpm (normal range); 3.7–9.9 cpm (tachygastria); and 10–15 cpm (duodenal/respiratory). Results showed no significant differences in postprandial EGG power in these frequency ranges among the Group I infants of different gestational ages. The power in these EGG frequency ranges did not change significantly after gavage feedings in the Group II infants. In conclusion: (a) EGGs may be recorded successfully from preterm and term infants, (b) postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity in all frequency bands is similar among groups of premature and term infants, and (c) gavage feedings in premature infants did not increase 3 cpm EGG activity.
5‐HT receptor subtypes involved in the stimulatory effect of 5‐HT on the peristaltic reflex in vitro
Authors: BUCHHEIT K. H. , BUHL T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of serotonin (5‐HT) and of more selective 5‐HT agonists on the peristaltic reflex evoked in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum was investigated. Using the Trendelenburg technique, peristaltic contractions were elicited by increasing intraluminal pressure, and rhythmic contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscle were measured after serosal administration of the drugs. 5‐HT potently stimulated contractions of the longitudinal muscle. The effect of 5‐HT was partly antagonized by the 5‐HT4receptor antagonist SDZ 205–557. Of the potent 5‐HT1Areceptor agonists, 8‐OH‐DPAT, 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT) and dipropyl‐5‐CT (DP‐5‐CT), only 5‐CT caused a substantial stimulation. Of the 5‐HT1C‐/5‐HT2receptor agonists DOI and 5‐methoxytryptamine (5‐MeOT), DOI was inactive, whereas 5‐MeOT potently stimulated contractions. 5‐HT1Dreceptor agonists (5‐CT1sumatriptan) had a stimulatory effect. The effect of sumatriptan was antagonized by the 5‐HT1Dreceptor antagonist metitepine but not by the 5‐HT4receptor antagonist SDZ 205–557. The 5‐HT3receptor agonist 2‐methyl‐5‐HT and the antagonists ICS 205–930 and granisetron did not influence the peristaltic reflex. 6‐OH‐indalpine, a 5‐HT1Pagonist, was inactive. This data suggest that 5‐HT stimulates the peristaltic reflex in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum by activation of 5‐HT4‐ and 5‐HT1Dreceptors; other 5‐HT receptor subtypes appear not to play a significant role in the modulation of this reflex.
Verification of the intraluminal multiple electrical impedance measurement for the recording of gastrointestinal motility
Authors: SILNY J. , KNIGGE K. P. , FASS J. , RAU G. , MATERN S. , SCHUMPELICK V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new intraluminal electrical impedance procedure for high‐resolution measurements and the quantitative assessment of gastrointestinal motility is examined in healthy volunteers by cineradiography and manometry. The peristalsis in the oesophagus, stomach and small bowel is recorded with a combined impedance‐pressure catheter. Additionally, investigations with a flexible 16‐channel impedance catheter with a closed surface and a diameter of 3 mm are carried out in the oesophagus and small intestine. The 16 measuring segments with a length of 2 cm each record the contractile patterns from a 32‐cm‐long organ section without a gap. The correctness of the physical approach is validated by concurrent impedance and cineradiography recordings of the oesophageal peristalsis. The comparative studies confirm a close relation between the pressure and the impedance changes in the oesophagus and small intestine. The time analysis of the impedance tracings offers information about the bolus transit and the change of the wall compliance along the organ. Regions of high or low compliance of the muscular wall can be recognized. From the impedance tracings the direction of the contraction waves as well as their velocities, lengths, beginnings and ends can be determined. Moreover, the beginning and end of the bolus, and from them the momentary bolus length, can be characterized for any instant during the bolus transit.
Influence of caloric labyrinthine stimulation on oesophageal motor function
Authors: COOK I. J. , DENT J. , COLLINS S.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere is incomplete understanding of the factors regulating smooth muscle primary peristalsis and of the reflux‐associated transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations which are under postural control and which occur independently of swallowing. We examined the effects of labyrinthine stimulation on basal lower oesophageal sphincter tone, the frequency of non‐swallow associated lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and on the amplitude of primary peristalsis in the distal oesophagus. In 13 healthy volunteers, labyrinthine stimulation was produced by infusion of water at 10°C into the external auditory canal for 5 minutes, or until nausea ensued. A manometric sleeve catheter assembly monitored lower oesophageal sphincter pressure while side holes recorded pharyngeal, mid and lower oesophageal, and gastric pressures. Recordings were made during labyrinthine stimulation and during matched control periods. Caloric stimulation caused a minor but significant fall in mean basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure of 14% (P = 0.04) and had no detectable effect on oesophageal peristalsis. In association with vomiting induced by labyrinthine stimulation in 3 subjects, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure fell rapidly by 61% (P = 0.03) from control levels and this inhibition persisted for up to 20 minutes after vomiting. For 10 minutes post‐emesis, primary peristaltic amplitude was reduced by 50% (P < 0.001). Swallowing triggered a completely propagated peristaltic wave significantly less often during the post‐emetic period. The rate of occurrence of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations was not influenced significantly by labyrinthine stimulation. These findings are consistent with a functionally important role for the brainstem in the control of motor function of the smooth muscle oesophagus but do not permit distinction of a direct effect from a secondary humoral effect as part of the vomiting reflex.
Regulation of the frequency of myoelectric complexes in the isolated mouse colon
Authors: LYSTER D. J. K. , BYWATER R. A. R. , TAYLOR G. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntracellular recordings were made from the circular muscle layer of the isolated mouse colon in the presence or absence of 2 μM nifedipine at 37°C. Slow waves were recorded in about 35% of preparations and were up to 20 mV in amplitude when recorded from cells close to the submucous plexus. Myoelectric complexes were also recorded and consisted of cholinergic (hyoscine sensitive) rapid oscillations (∼2 Hz) superimposed on slow depolarizations (∼17 mV) in membrane potential (resting membrane potential ‐51 mV) occurring every 80 to 410 seconds. In recordings made simultaneously using 2 microelectrodes, aborally migrating complexes were observed in all preparations whilst, in approximately half of these preparations, some complexes migrated orally or were stationary. The intervals between complexes were increased by reducing the size of the preparation and by the addition of 1 μM hyoscine. Pirenzipine (50 nM) also increased the interval between complexes without affecting the cholinergic rapid oscillations. The addition of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (10μM) initiated a premature complex and decreased the intervals between complexes in the presence or absence of hyoscine. These studies have shown that the intervals between myoelectric complexes recorded in vitro can be increased or decreased by pharmacologically active substances, probably by modifying neural control processes in the enteric nervous system.
Divergent effect of saline and glucose solutions on myoelectric and motor activity of canine small bowel
Authors: DEFILIPPI C. , GOMEZ E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrevious work has shown that stimulation of osmotic receptors in the duodenal mucosa is followed by an increase in small intestinal motility. This effect was consistently observed with saline solutions, while stimulation or inhibition is observed when glucose is the solute. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of these apparent contradictory effects, we have perfused the intestine with saline and glucose solutions while simultaneously recording small bowel electrical and motor activity. Also to elucidate the influence of the spontaneous fasting activity, infusions were done on two different phases of the migrating motor complex infusion of 10 ml of both NaCl and glucose (1250 and 2500 mOsm/kg) in Phase I of the migrating motor complex, elicited the appearance of spike potentials and contractions. When infused during Phase II, NaCl caused an increase in the frequency of the irregular motor activity characteristics of this phase, due to a greater coupling of electrical and motor events. Also a greater amplitude of contractions was seen. In contrast, glucose infusion in Phase II was associated with a decrease of both electrical events and contractions. We conclude that the effect of hyperosmolar solutions is influenced by the solute and the phase of the migrating motor complex in which they are infused.
Motilin, erythromycin, and the gastric migrating motor complex: site of action
Authors: NEMANICH M. , BEHRNS K. E. , SARR M. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMotilin is a putative hormone which induces a premature migrating motor complex when administered exogenously, but the target organ for this hormonal effect is undetermined. Our aim was to determine whether motilin and the motilin agonist, erythromycin, induce a premature migrating motor complex via an effect directly on the stomach. Six dogs underwent splenectomy and ligation of all branches of the splenic artery except the left gastroepiploic and short gastric arteries to the proximal stomach. An intra‐arterial catheter was placed in the proximal splenic artery for close intra‐arterial injection of motilin and erythromycin directly to the gastric corpus/proximal antrum. After recovery, the minimum effective dose required to induce a premature migrating motor complex was determined for motilin and for erythromycin given close intra‐arterially or intravenously (systemically) by monitoring upper gut myoelectric activity. Minimum effective doses of motilin and erythromycin were the same whether given intra‐arterially or intravenously. The latency interval or the time to onset of a premature Phase III was less than 2 minutes for intra‐arterial or intravenous administration (P > 0.05). The characteristics of induced‐Phase HI activity (appearance, duration, velocity) did not differ from spontaneous Phase HI activity (P > 0.05). Although plasma motilin concentrations increased after threshold doses of both motilin and erythromycin, increases in plasma motilin occurred later after erythromycin (lOmin) than after exogenous motilin (3 min). Our findings suggest that motilin initiation of the migrating motor complex does not occur by independent stimulation of putative receptors in the gastric corpus or proximal antrum.
Altered recto‐anal motility in irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical physiological study of 80 Mexican patients
Authors: AWAD R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBetween 1989 and 1991, 347 out‐patients suffering from functional bowel disease were studied. Eighty (mean age 33.4 ± 1, range 17–53 years: 75 females) met the established criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. After noting their clinical history, they underwent standard laboratory tests, air contrast barium enema, recto‐sigmoidoscopy; rectal sensitivity studies, and recordings of both electrical and mechanical activities of the distal rectum and the internal anal sphincter during 2 h inter digestive and 2 h post‐prandial periods. Twenty‐one normal subjects served as a control group. In the irritable bowel syndrome, both basal (P = 0.01) as well as post‐prandial (P = 0.003) rectal spike amplitudes were higher compared with controls. While there was no significant difference in the induced recto‐anal inhibitory reflex, the frequency (P = 0.001), duration (P = 0.007) and amplitude (P = 0.03) of spontaneous anal relaxations were all greater in the patients compared with the control. Patients perceived the rectal sensation and discomfort at significantly lower values than normal subjects (P < 0.01). In summary, irritable bowel syndrome patients showed increased electrical activity of the rectum in response to food and increased frequency, duration, and amplitude of the naturally occurring recto‐anal inhibitory reflex, and a sensitive rectum.