bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of vaccine-enhanced RSV disease and changes in pulmonary dendritic cells with adenovirus-based RSV vaccine
Authors: Krause Anja , Xu Yaqin , Ross Sara , Wu Wendy , Joh Ju , Worgall Stefan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been hampered by the risk for vaccine-enhanced RSV pulmonary disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated RSV (FIRSV). This study focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following immunization with AdF.RGD, an integrin-targeted adenovirus vector that expresses the RSV F protein and includes an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif. Immunization of BALB/c mice with AdF.RGD, resulted in anti-RSV protective immunity and induced increased RSV-specific IFN-γ T cell responses compared to FIRSV. RSV infection 5 wk after immunization with FIRSV induced pulmonary inflammatory responses in the lung, that was not observed with AdF.RGD. Additionally, In the FIRSV-immunized mice following infection with RSV, pulmonary DC increased and Tregs decreased. This suggests that distinct responses of pulmonary DC and Tregs are a features of vaccine-enhanced RSV disease and that immunization with an RGD-modified Ad vaccine does not trigger vaccine-enhanced disease.
Surgical management of low grade isthmic spondylolisthesis; a randomized controlled study of the surgical fixation with and without reduction
Authors: Audat Ziad M , Darwish Fayeq T , Al Barbarawi Moh'd M , Obaidat Moatasem M , Haddad Walid H , Bashaireh Khaldoon M , Al-Aboosy Ihsan A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundspondylolisthesis is a condition in which a vertebra slips out of the proper position onto the bone below it as a result of pars interarticularis defect. The slipped segment produces abnormal positioning of the vertebrae in relation to each other along the spinal column and causes mechanical back pain and neural breach.Materials and methodsA randomized and double blinded study consisted of 41 patients aged 36-69 years (18 females and 28 males) treated for symptomatic spondylolisthesis between December,2006 and December, 2009. All patients were randomly distributed into two groups I and II. Twenty patients were in Group I; they underwent reduction of the slipped vertebrae by using Reduction-Screw Technique and posterior lumbar interbody fixation (PLIF). Group II consisted of twenty one patients who underwent only surgical fixation (PLIF) without reduction. All patients in this study had same pre and post operative management.Resultsonly one case had broken rod in group I that required revision. Superficial wound infection was experienced in two patients and one patient, from group II, developed wound hematoma. The outcome in both groups was variable on the short term but was almost the same on the long term follow up.Conclusionsurgical management of symptomatic low grade spondylolisthesis should include neural decompression and surgical fixation. Reduction of slipped vertebral bodies is unnecessary as the ultimate outcome will be likely similar.
Scoliosis and dental occlusion: a review of the literature
Authors: Saccucci Matteo , Tettamanti Lucia , Mummolo Stefano , Polimeni Antonella , Festa Felice , Salini Vincenzo , Tecco Simona 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity without clear etiology. It is unclear wether there is an association between malocclusion and scoliosis. Several types of occlusion were described in subjects with scoliosis, mostly case-reports.

Objectives
The aim of this review was to evaluate the type of occluslins more prevalent in subjects with scoliosis

Search strategy
All randomised and controlled clinical trials identified from the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, a MEDLINE search using the Mesh term scoliosis, malocclusion, and relevant free text words, and the bibliographies of papers and review articles which reported the outcome of orthodontic treatment in subjects with scoliosis that were published as abstracts or papers between 1970 and 2010.

Selection criteria
All randomised and controlled clinical trials published as full papers or abstracts which reported quantitative data on the outcomes malocclusion in subjects with scoliosis.

Data collection and analysis
Data were extracted without blinding to the authors, age of patients or type of occlusion.

Main results
Using the search strategy eleven observational longitudinal studies were identified. No randomized clinical trials were recorded. Twenty-three cross-sectional studies were recorderd, and the others studies were reviews, editorials, case-reports, or opinions. The clinical trials were often not controlled and were about the cephalometric evaluation after treatment with the modified Milwuakee brace, followed by the orthodontic treatment of the class II relationship with a functional appliance. Clinical trials also included the study of the associations between scoliosis and unilateral crossbite, in children with asymmetry of the upper cervical spine. This association was also investigated in rats, pigs and rabbits in clinical trials. The other associations between scoliosis and occlusion seems to be based only on cross-sectional studies, case-reports, opinions.

Authors' conclusions
Based on selected studies, this review concludes that there is plausible evidence for an increased prevalence of unilateral Angle Class II malocclusions associated with scoliosis, and an increased risk of lateral crossbite, midline deviation in children affected by scoliosis. Also, documentation of associations between reduced range of lateral movements and scoliosis seem convincing. Data are also mentioned about the association between plagiocephaly and scoliosis.
Effects of ulinastatin and docetaxel on breast cancer invasion and expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK
Authors: Luo Jie , Sun Xin , Gao Feng , Zhao Xiaoliang , Zhong Biao , Wang Hong , Sun Zhijun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ulinastatin and docetaxel on invasion of breast cancer cells and expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.MethodsThe nude mice were treated with PBS, ulinastatin, docetaxel, and ulinastatin plus docetaxel, respectively. Their effects on 1) cell invasion ability was assayed using Transwell; 2) expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK was detected by real time PCR and Western blot; 3) uPA, uPAR and p-ERK protein level in nude mice was quantified by immunohistochemistry.Results1) Treatment with ulinastatin, docetaxel, and ulinastatin plus docetaxel, respectively, significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell invasion; 2) mRNA and protein levels of uPA, uPAR and ERK1/2 were inhibited by ulinastatin, but enhanced by docetaxel.ConclusionUlinastatin can enhance the effects of docetaxel on invasion of breast cancer cells. And that uPA, uPAR and p-ERK expression is obviously inhibited by ulinastatin.
The hen model of human ovarian cancer develops anti-mesothelin autoantibodies in response to mesothelin expressing tumors
Authors: Yu Yi , Edassery Seby L , Barua Animesh , Abramowicz Jacques S , Bahr Janice M , Hellstrom Ingegerd , Luborsky Judith L 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective
Study of the hen immune system led to seminal contributions to basic immunological principles. Recent studies of spontaneous ovarian cancer in the laying hen show strikingly similar tumor types and antigen expression compared to human ovarian cancer, suggesting hens would be valuable for studies of tumor immunology and pre-clinical vaccine development. Circulating mesothelin is a relatively specific marker for human ovarian cancer and autoantibodies to mesothelin were reported. We hypothesized that hen tumors express mesothelin and that circulating anti-mesothelin antibodies occur in response to tumors.

Methods
Mesothelin mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR in hen ovarian tumors and normal ovaries. Mesothelin protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE Western blots. Anti-mesothelin antibodies were assessed by immunoassay of sera from hens with normal ovaries and with ovarian tumors.

Results
Significant mesothelin mRNA expression was observed in 57% (12/21) of hen ovarian tumors but not in normal ovaries and was found predominantly in serous tumors as in humans. Mesothelin protein was detected in tumors with mesothelin mRNA by IHC and 2D Western blots, but not in normal ovaries or tumors without mesothelin mRNA. Circulating anti-mesothelin antibodies occurred in 44% (n = 4/9) of hens with ovarian tumors which express mesothelin mRNA and were not found in hens with tumors that did not express mesothelin (n = 0/5) or normal ovaries (n = 0/5).

Conclusion
The results support the utility of the hen as a novel model for preclinical studies of mesothelin as a biomarker and a target for immunotherapy.
Metabolic and anthropometric parameters contribute to ART‐mediated CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV‐1‐infected individuals: an observational study
Authors: Azzoni Livio , Foulkes Andrea S , Firnhaber Cynthia , Yin Xiangfan , Crowther Nigel J , Glencross Deborah , Lawrie Denise , Stevens Wendy , Papasavvas Emmanouil , Sanne Ian , Montaner Luis J 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundThe degree of immune reconstitution achieved in response to suppressive ART is associated with baseline individual characteristics, such as pre‐treatment CD4 count, levels of viral replication, cellular activation, choice of treatment regimen and gender. However, the combined effect of these variables on long‐term CD4 recovery remains elusive, and no single variable predicts treatment response. We sought to determine if adiposity and molecules associated with lipid metabolism may affect the response to ART and the degree of subsequent immune reconstitution, and to assess their ability to predict CD4 recovery.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 69 (48 females and 21 males) HIV‐infected, treatment‐naïve South African subjects initiating antiretroviral treatment (d4T, 3Tc and lopinavir/ritonavir). We collected information at baseline and six months after viral suppression, assessing anthropometric parameters, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging scans, serum‐based clinical laboratory tests and whole blood‐based flow cytometry, and determined their role in predicting the increase in CD4 count in response to ART.ResultsWe present evidence that baseline CD4+ T cell count, viral load, CD8+ T cell activation (CD95 expression) and metabolic and anthropometric parameters linked to adiposity (LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist/hip ratio) significantly contribute to variability in the extent of CD4 reconstitution (ΔCD4) after six months of continuous ART.ConclusionsOur final model accounts for 44% of the variability in CD4+ T cell recovery in virally suppressed individuals, representing a workable predictive model of immune reconstitution.
Design and Performance of Plastic Drainage Pipes in Environmental Containment Facilities
Authors: Brachman R. W. I. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Plastic drainage pipes are an essential component of modern engineered barrier systems used in municipal and hazardous solid waste landfills. The design and performance of plastic pipes in these applications is significantly different than conventional municipal sewers and culverts. For example, the plastic pipe may be surrounded by very coarse gravel backfill which results in additional local bending stresses from the irregular loading and support for the pipe. These plastic pipes also experience local stress concentrations from the perforations required to collect fluid. Both of these factors are exacerbated by potentially large overburden pressures acting above the pipe. They must also perform their function while being exposed to chemicals in landfill leachate for long periods of time and at temperatures significantly larger than those for conventional sewers and culverts. The influence of coarse gravel backfill, large perforations, large overburden stresses, chemical exposure and elevated temperatures on the long-term performance of plastic drainage pipes is examined.
Technical Considerations When Fabricating PVC Pressure Fittings
Authors: Franzen Tom , Fisher Craig , Rahman Shah 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Unlike the fully automated production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipes and injection molded fittings that involve large production volumes, manufacture of fabricated PVC pressure fittings is labor-intensive and involves short production runs. Fabricating PVC fittings is as much an art as it is a science. It is important to understand the steps involved in the manufacture process to appreciate the considerable amount of engineering and design that goes into their production. Quality control measures that are in place, as well as the importance of meeting various applicable industry standards, are discussed. Development of various unique configurations of fittings as well as advances in technology within the industry, such as an integral joint restraint mechanism, is also discussed.
New Cast Iron Alloys with High Wear Resistance at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Theisen Werner , Gevelmann Gerhard 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
New production processes demand a higher wear resistance of tools, especially at elevated temperatures, in order to make the business more profitable and effective. Based on equilibrium calculations, new cast iron alloys have been developed. The influence of different alloying elements was investigated before first bulk materials were casted. The materials were tested with respect to their microstructure, hardness, (micro)red hardness, fracture toughness, and wear properties (at room and elevated temperatures) and compared to the standard high speed steel HS6-5-3 (≈ M3 class 2). It turns out that one of the new alloys has comparable mechanical properties but superior wear resistance, especially at elevated temperatures, thanks to a tripled carbide content and increased temperature strength of the matrix material.
Modeling of Hardness of Low Alloy Steels by Means of Neural Networks
Authors: Penha Renata Neves , Canale Lauralice Franceschini , Canale Antonio Carlos 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The tempering process aims to get the microstructures that lead to service mechanical properties and to promote the relaxation of the residual stresses generated during quenching. The goal of this work is to predict the effect of tempering time and tempering temperature on hardness by means of neural networks (NNs). Five types of steels, SAE 4140, SAE 4340, SAE 5160, SAE 6150, and SAE 52 100, were tempered in different conditions. The inputs of the NNs were the chemical composition, the tempering time, and tempering temperature, while hardness was the output. The selected temperatures were 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C. The time on each temperature was 10, 90, 900, 3600, 9000, and 86 400 s. Many architectures were tested, until the best one that fitted the data was found. To evaluate this NN the correlation coefficient (R value) was calculated and an analysis of variance test was performed.
Effect of Creep and Oxidation on the Isothermal and Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of an Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Christ Hans-Jürgen , Bauer Valerij 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels are often used for high-temperature applications under conditions where fatigue loading occurs in combination with varying temperatures, superimposed mean stresses or dwell times and environmental effects. In order to characterize and separate the various damage contributions on the deformation behavior and the damage evolution of AISI304L, isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800°C. The test results in combination with microstructural observations were used for an adaption and application of a simple multi-component model to predict the stress-strain response under thermomechanical fatigue conditions solely from isothermal data. A very reasonable predictive accuracy was obtained and the cyclic stress-strain calculation was directly incorporated in fatigue life assessment models. Two models, which were found to be suitable for isothermal fatigue conditions, are presented. These models were extended and applied to non-isothermal conditions. A comparison of the experimentally observed fatigue life data with the predicted values revealed that thermomechanical fatigue life can reasonably be assessed from isothermal test results, if environmental effects are correctly taken into account. Thermomechanical fatigue tests employing dwell periods indicate that the life prediction models developed are robust and conservative.
The Effects of Dwell on the LCF Behavior of IN617
Authors: Shinde Sachin , Gravett Philip 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Much has been studied on the individual effects of creep and fatigue on alloy life. However, not much is known of the combined effects of these two mechanisms. Therefore, a study was put into place to determine the effects of dwell on fatigue life and deformation mechanisms, for IN617, a solid-solution strengthened Ni-base alloy used widely in the power generation and aerospace industries. Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted from 649–982°C with either tensile or compressive dwell. Fracture surfaces of the test specimens as well as longitudinal and transverse sections were examined via scanning electron microscopy to determine the damage and failure mechanisms. Test results confirmed tensile dwell lives that were significantly lower than those seen in compressive dwell. The mechanics for the reduction in cyclic life for tensile dwell was attributed to creep damage accumulation at grain boundaries that led to widespread intergranular cracking and failure. Tensile dwell life reductions were largest in tests at moderate (649–760°C) temperatures. The failed specimens for this temperature range showed the most evidence of grain boundary cavitation and intergranular cracking. At higher test temperatures, the tensile dwell sensitivity for IN617 was significantly reduced or almost entirely eliminated at high temperatures (871–982°C). This was attributed to the lower stresses that developed at these temperatures for a given strain range. The LCF testing and subsequent analysis indicated that a substantial tensile stress during dwell time coupled with moderate temperatures, to allow for diffusion creep, lead to grain boundary damage that can reduce cyclic life.
Groundwater Impacts from Leaching of Coal Combustion Products in Roadway Embankment Constructions
Authors: Li Lin , Peng Bin , Santos Fabio , Li Yadong , Amini Farshad 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
When the coal combustion products are used in soil stabilization and embankments construction, leaching of trace elements into groundwater can be a concern. This paper presents a modeling study to evaluate the impacts of leaching on groundwater from coal combustion products in roadway embankment constructions. A computer program, WiscLEACH, based on three analytical solutions for the advection-dispersion-reaction process in the subsurface was used. The soil stabilization module and embankment module were developed in the program. Predictions made with the analytical method were compared to field data from a fly ash embankment. The predicted concentrations with WiscLEACH are in reasonable agreement with the field data. Dilution factor at the point of compliance was defined and used as quantitative parameter to compare the different scenarios. Parametric studies indicate that the lowest dilution factor exponentially decrease as the thickness of the coal combustion products layer and the seepage velocity in the vadose zone increase. Correlations among the dilution factor at the point of compliance and the construction geometry and hydrogeological condition were also developed.
Ways of Improving the Interfacial Durability of Silicone Adhesives in Building Applications
Authors: Vandereecken P. , Maton I. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Beyond their application as sealants, silicone formulations are used as adhesives in insulated glass and structural glazing applications. The adhesion durability of such assemblies is a function of both the adhesion at the glass-interface surfaces and the internal cohesion of the adhesive. Failure in the bulk of the adhesive will occur if external stresses exceed the ultimate strength of the adhesive or when the movement capability of the adhesive is lower than required by the application. The most often observed reasons for failure are, however, substrate-adhesive interface ruptures. If similar silicone adhesives are used in different building projects, the substrates can vary widely, leading to many different interfaces. Interface adhesion can be improved by modifying the substrate surface, modifying the adhesive formulation, or using a primer. In this work, improved adhesion durability on different substrates will be shown with an improved version of a two-part silicone adhesive used for insulated glass and structural glazing applications, which was introduced in Europe in 2010. Results without primer and with the use of either a wet primer or a dry SiOx (Pyrosil®) flame treatment will be shown. Adhesion durability after water immersion, UV irradiation, and high humidity will be reported for new low E insulated glass coatings, powder coated aluminum, stainless steel, and some other standard building substrates.
Negative illness perceptions are associated with impaired quality of life in patients after long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Tiemensma Jitske , Kaptein Adrian A , Pereira Alberto M , Smit Johannes W A , Romijn Johannes A , Biermasz Nienke R 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveIllness perceptions pertain to the pattern of beliefs patients develop about their illness. Illness perceptions are determinants of quality of life (QoL). Factors contributing to persisting impaired QoL after Cushing's syndrome (CS) remain largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore illness perceptions, as potentially modifiable psychological factors, in relation to QoL in patients with long-term remission of CS.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsWe included patients with long-term remission of CS (n=52). Illness perceptions were evaluated using the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ)-Revised, and QoL was measured using the physical symptom checklist, EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), and the CushingQoL. Reference data were derived from recent studies and included patients with vestibular schwannoma (n=80), acute (n=35) or chronic (n=63) pain, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=171).ResultsIllness perceptions showed a strong correlation with QoL. Patients with CS scored distinctively more negative on the IPQ compared with patients with vestibular schwannoma and patients with acute pain, and also reported more illness-related complaints (all P<0.01). There were also some differences in illness perceptions between patients with CS and patients with chronic pain and patients with COPD, but there was no distinct pattern.ConclusionsPatients after long-term remission of CS report more negative illness perceptions compared with patients with other acute or chronic conditions. Further research is needed to assess whether QoL in CS can be improved by addressing these illness perceptions, for example, by a self-management intervention program.