bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Metabolic Acidosis with Potassium Citrate in Renal Transplant Patients and its Effect on Bone Quality
Authors: Starke Astrid , Corsenca Alf , Kohler Thomas , Knubben Johannes , Kraenzlin Marius , Uebelhart Daniel , Wüthrich Rudolf P. , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Müller Ralph , Ambühl Patrice M. 
Published: July 2012

Summary

Background
Acidosis and transplantation are associated with increased risk of bone disturbances. This study aimed to assess bone morphology and metabolism in acidotic patients with a renal graft, and to ameliorate bone characteristics by restoration of acid/base homeostasis with potassium citrate.

Methods
This was a 12-month controlled, randomized, interventional trial that included 30 renal transplant patients with metabolic acidosis (S-[HCO3
−] <24 mmol/L) undergoing treatment with either potassium citrate to maintain S-[HCO3
−] >24 mmol/L, or potassium chloride (control group). Iliac crest bone biopsies and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Bone biopsies were analyzed by in vitro micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry, including tetracycline double labeling. Serum biomarkers of bone turnover were measured at baseline and study end. Twenty-three healthy participants with normal kidney function comprised the reference group.

Results
Administration of potassium citrate resulted in persisting normalization of S-[HCO3
−] versus potassium chloride. At 12 months, bone surface, connectivity density, cortical thickness, and cortical porosity were better preserved with potassium citrate than with potassium chloride, respectively. Serological biomarkers and bone tetracycline labeling indicate higher bone turnover with potassium citrate versus potassium chloride. In contrast, no relevant changes in bone mineral density were detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Conclusions
Treatment with potassium citrate in renal transplant patients is efficient and well tolerated for correction of metabolic acidosis and may be associated with improvement in bone quality. This study is limited by the heterogeneity of the investigated population with regard to age, sex, and transplant vintage.
To Dialyze or Not
Authors: Moss Alvin H. 
Published: July 2012

Summary
AKI severe enough to necessitate renal replacement therapy occurs in approximately 5% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with in-hospital mortality in excess of 50%. Complicating factors, such as cancer, can increase in-hospital mortality to 85%. Intensivists often expect that consulted nephrologists will provide dialysis when asked to do so, without considering whether it is likely to benefit the patient and therefore is medically and ethically appropriate. In this Attending Rounds, on the basis of the evidence and recommendations in Shared Decision-Making in the Appropriate Initiation of and Withdrawal from Dialysis, a clinical practice guideline, a case of anuric AKI in the ICU is presented and analyzed. Woven into the discussion are insights from the clinical and ethics literature on this topic, along with the experience of the author. This Attending Rounds presents an approach to deciding when it is not appropriate to dialyze patients with AKI in the ICU.
Coexistence of Different Circulating Anti-Podocyte Antibodies in Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Murtas Corrado , Bruschi Maurizio , Candiano Giovanni , Moroni Gabriella , Magistroni Riccardo , Magnano Andrea , Bruno Francesca , Radice Antonella , Furci Luciana , Argentiero Lucia , Carnevali Maria Luisa , Messa Piergiorgio , Scolari Francesco , Sinico Renato Alberto , Gesualdo Loreto , Fervenza Fernando C. , Allegri Landino , Ravani Pietro , Ghiggeri Gian Marco 
Published: July 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
The discovery of different podocyte autoantibodies in membranous nephropathy (MN) raises questions about their pathogenetic and clinical meaning. This study sought to define antibody isotypes and correlations; to compare levels in MN, other glomerulonephritides, and controls; and to determine their association with clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Serum IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 against aldose reductase (AR), SOD2, and α-enolase (αENO) were measured at diagnosis in 186 consecutive MN patients, in 96 proteinuric controls (36 with FSGS, and 60 with IgA nephropathy), and in 92 healthy people recruited in four Italian nephrology units. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2r) and anti-neutral endopeptidase (NEP) IgG4 were titrated in the same specimens. Association with 1-year follow-up clinical parameters was studied in 120 patients.

Results
IgG4 was the most common isotype for all antibodies; IgG1 and IgG3 were nearly negligible. IgG4 levels were positive in a significant proportion of MN patients (AR, 34%; SOD2, 28%; αENO, 43%). Antibody titers were higher in MN than in healthy and pathologic controls (P<0.005). Anti-NEP IgG4 did not differ from normal controls (P=0.12). Anti-PLA2r IgG4 was detected in 60% of patients and correlated with anti-AR, anti-SOD2, and anti-αENO IgG4 (P<0.001). In MN patients negative for the whole antibody panel (20%), 1-year proteinuria was lower compared with patients with at least one antibody positivity (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that IgG4 is the prevalent isotype for antibodies against cytoplasmic antigens of podocytes (AR, SOD2, αENO). Their levels were higher than in other proteinuric glomerulonephritides and in normal controls and were correlated with anti-PLA2r. Only baseline negativity for all known antibodies predicted lower 1-year proteinuria.
Two spinturnicid mites new to the fauna of Poland (Acari: Spinturnicidae)
Authors: Krištofík Ján , Piksa Krzysztof , Sachanowicz Konrad 
Published: July 2012

Two spinturnicid mites new to the fauna of Poland (Acari: Spinturnicidae)
Eyndhovenia euryalis oudemansi (Eyndhoven, 1941) and Spinturnix emarginata (Kolenati, 1856) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae) are reported in the Polish fauna for the first time. They were collected from the bat Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) in the Carpathians, Sudety Mts and Kraków Upland (S. Poland).
Females of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Saini Malkiat , Kaur Lakhwinder 
Published: July 2012

Females of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from the Indian Himalayas
Females of the following species are described, illustrated and associated with their male counterparts: Rhyacophila obscura Martynov, R. bidens Kimmins, R. ngulpa Schmid and R. kadaphes Schmid.
Description of a new species in the Micropsectra atrofasciata group, with notes on rare Tanytarsini in Poland (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Giłka Wojciech , Jażdżewska Natalia 
Published: July 2012

Description of a new species in theMicropsectra atrofasciatagroup, with notes on rare Tanytarsini in Poland (Diptera: Chironomidae)Micropsectra tatricasp. n. of theatrofasciataspecies group is described.Micropsectra wagneri(Siebert),Neozavrelia cuneipennis(Edwards),Tanytarsus chinyensisGoetghebuer andT. striatulusLindeberg are reported in the Polish fauna for the first time; further four species of the tribe Tanytarsini,Micropsectra radialisGoetghebuer,Tanytarsus nigerSøgaard Andersen,T. nigricollisGoetghebuer andT. signatus(van der Wulp), rare in Poland, are annotated.
Biomechanical analysis of a novel hook-screw technique for C1–2 stabilization
Authors: Reis Marco Túlio , Nottmeier Eric W. , Reyes Phillip M. , Baek Seungwon , Crawford Neil R. 
Published: July 2012

The Food and Drug Administration has not cleared the following medical devices for the use described in this study. The following medical devices are being discussed for an off-label use: cervical lateral mass screws.

Object
As an alternative for cases in which the anatomy and spatial relationship between C-2 and a vertebral artery precludes insertion of C-2 pedicle/pars or C1–2 transarticular screws, a technique that includes opposing laminar hooks (claw) at C-2 combined with C-1 lateral mass screws may be used. The biomechanical stability of this alternate technique was compared with that of a standard screw-rod technique in vitro.

Methods
Flexibility tests were performed in 7 specimens (occiput to C-3) in the following 6 different conditions: 1) intact; 2) after creating instability and attaching a posterior cable/graft at C1–2; 3) after removing the graft and attaching a construct comprising C-1 lateral mass screws and C-2 laminar claws; 4) after reattaching the posterior cable-graft at C1–2 (posterior hardware still in place); 5) after removing the posterior cable-graft and laminar hooks and placing C-2 pedicle screws interconnected to C-1 lateral mass screws via rod; and 6) after reattaching the posterior cable-graft at C1–2 (screw-rod construct still in place).

Results
All types of stabilization significantly reduced the range of motion, lax zone, and stiff zone compared with the intact condition. There was no significant biomechanical difference in terms of range of motion or lax zone between the screw-rod construct and the screw-claw-rod construct in any direction of loading.

Conclusions
The screw-claw-rod technique restricts motion much like the standard Harms technique, making it an acceptable alternative technique when aberrant arterial anatomy precludes the placement of C-2 pars/pedicle screws or C1–2 transarticular screws.
Wald und Waldbewirtschaftung im Kanton Zürich – erstaunlich vielfältig!
Authors: Noetzli Konrad 
Published: July 2012

Forest and forest management in Canton Zurich – surprisingly varied!
The forest in Canton Zurich is surprisingly diversified. The demands made upon it are just as varied. In particular forests near towns combine the functions of protection, productivity and welfare. More than half the forest land is in private ownership. In these circumstances it is not easy to fulfil all functions of the forest, whilst ensuring its sustainable management and use. In order to do this, Canton Zurich uses two instruments: a locally based forestry service present on the terrain, and a solid forestry planning at various levels. The reinforcement and continuation of these institutions are decisive in order to maintain the forest as a habitat, an economic and a recreation area. Only a far-sighted treatment of our forests, an intensive dialogue between forest owners and those who benefit from the forest, and the negotiation of workable compromises can guarantee that we may profit from forest products and services in the future.
A propos d'Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) en Suisse
Authors: Blanc Mickaël 
Published: July 2012

About Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) in Switzerland
The finding of fragments of Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in September 2009, at the base of an oak (Quercus robur) in Geneva's countryside, suggests that this beetle of national importance still occurs in the canton of Geneva. The survival of this species relies on the availability of old hollow trees. These have largely disappeared with the intensification of land use and the changes in sylvopastoral practices. The creation and tending of hedge networks hosting large old trees would allow not only to preserve an emblematic species, but also the witnesses of ancient practices and cultural heritage.
Délinquance, victimation et facteurs de risque : différences et similitudes entre les filles et les garçons
Authors: Lucia Sonia , Jaquier Véronique 
Published: July 2012

La délinquance et la victimation des filles et des garçons sont comparées à l’aide des données du sondage national suisse de délinquance autoreportée. Si les garçons sont plus nombreux à indiquer un acte délinquant commis au cours des 12 derniers mois, cette différence est attribuable aux délits violents, la prévalence des vols ne différant pas selon le sexe. De même, les garçons signalent davantage de victimations violentes. La délinquance et la victimation se révèlent des expériences statistiquement corrélées chez les filles comme chez les garçons. Une analyse des facteurs associés met en évidence des divergences selon le sexe, mais également des divergences selon la nature des actes de délinquance et de victimation.
L'ambivalence politique du « social » dans les sociétés capitalistes : Arendt avec Castel
Authors: Disselkamp Annette , Sobel Richard 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Le présent article interroge les limites du concept de « social » chez Hannah Arendt à l'aide de la sociologie historique du salariat de Robert Castel. Il ne s'agit pas simplement de critiquer le « purisme politique » d'Arendt qui met les citoyens en apesanteur institutionnelle et stigmatise tout ce qui est « social », ce dernier se réduisant au déploiement apolitique de l'ordre domestique au sein de l'espace public. Il s'agit d'esquisser une théorie politique qui soit pertinente pour nos sociétés capitaliste-démocratiques. Or, pour ce faire, il manque à Arendt l'idée de supports institutionnel et collectif à l'exercice effectif de la démocratie par le plus grand nombre, ce sur quoi précisément ont mis l'accent les analyses historiques de Castel à travers le concept de « propriété sociale ».
B Cell Tolerance and Positive Selection in Lupus
Authors: Eilat Dan , Wabl Matthias 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is considered a prototype of systemic autoimmune diseases; however, despite considerable advances in recent years in the understanding of basic mechanisms in immunology, little progress has been made in elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. This even holds for inbred mice, such as the lupus-prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice, which are all genetically programmed to develop lupus at a predetermined age. This frustrating state of affairs calls for a fundamental change in our scientific thinking and the opening of new directions in lupus research. In this study, we suggest that intrinsic B cell tolerance mechanisms are not grossly impaired in lupus-prone mice, but that an unusually strong positive selection event recruits a small number of autoreactive B cells to the germinal centers. This event could be facilitated by nucleic acid–protein complexes that are created by somatic changes in the susceptible animal.
On Surfaces in Three Dimensional Contact Manifolds
Authors: Lee Paul W. Y. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce two quantities defined on a surface in a contact manifold. The first one is called degree of transversality (DOT), which measures the transversality between the tangent spaces of a surface and the contact planes. The second quantity, called curvature of transversality (COT), is designed to give a comparison principle for DOT along characteristic curves under bounds on COT. In particular, this gives estimates on lengths of characteristic curves, assuming COT is bounded below by a positive constant. We show that surfaces with constant COT exist, and we classify all graphs in the Heisenberg group with vanishing COT. This is accomplished by showing that the equation for graphs with zero COT can be decomposed into two first order PDEs, one of which is the backward invisicid Burgers’ equation. Finally we show that the p-minimal graph equation in the Heisenberg group also has such a decomposition. Moreover, we can use this decomposition to write down an explicit formula of a solution near a regular point.
Eine elektrochemische und strukturelle Studie an den Eisensilylamiden Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 und Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3 / An Electrochemical and Structural Study of the Iron Silylamides Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3
Authors: Margraf Günter , Schödel Frauke , Sänger Inge , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans-Wolfram 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The bis(trimethyl)silylamido complex Na(THF){Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3} and the disilane tBu3SiSitBu3 were obtained from the reaction of Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3 with the sodium silanide Na(THF)2[SitBu3] in a mixture of benzene and THF. Single crystals of Na(THF){Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3} suitable for X-ray diffraction were grown from the reaction solution at ambient temperature (orthorhombic, C2221, Z = 4). The solid-state structure features a contact-ion pair with two short N-Na contacts. The THF adducts {M(THF)2[N(SiMe3)2]2} reacted with 2,2´-bipyridine to give the corresponding complexes {M(2,2´bipy)[N(SiMe3)2]2} (M= Mn; Fe). Their structures (M= Fe: orthorhombic, Pca21, Z = 8; M = Mn: orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8) feature monomeric units. The cyclic voltammogram of Fe[N(SiMe3)2]3 revealed a reversible redox transition with the potential of -0;523 V (E½), which was assigned to the Fe(III)[N(SiMe3)2]3 → Fe(II)[N(SiMe3)2]-
3 redox transition, whereas the compounds {Fe(THF)2[N(SiMe3)2]2} (Eox = -0;379 V) and {Fe(2,2´bipy)[N(SiMe3)2]2} (Eox = -0;436 V) featured irreversible oxidation waves. The related manganese bis(trimethylsilyl)amido complexes {Mn(THF)2[N(SiMe3)2]2} (Eox = -0;458 V) and {Mn(2,2´bipy)[N(SiMe3)2]2} (Eox = -0513 V) also underwent irreversibile electron transfer processes.
1-Amino-3-nitroguanidine (ANQ) in High-performance Ionic Energetic Materials
Authors: Fischer Niko , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
1-Amino-3-nitroguanidine (ANQ, 2) was synthesized via hydrazinolysis of nitroguanidine (1). An appropriate Lewis structure of ANQ is drawn based on VB calculations. Due to its basicity, it can be protonated by strong mineral acids or acidic heterocycles. In order to synthesize new energetic materials the nitrate (3) and perchlorate (4) salts of 1-amino-3-nitroguanidine were synthesized by protonation of 2 with 40% nitric acid and 60% perchloric acid, respectively. 5-Nitrimino-1,4H-tetrazole obtained by reacting 5-amino-1H-tetrazole with 100% HNO3 was used to synthesize the nitriminotetrazolate salt 5. Furthermore, the dinitramide salt 6 of 1-amino-3-nitroguanidine was synthesized by metathesis reaction of silver dinitramide and 1-amino-3-nitroguanidinium chloride. The dinitroguanidinate salt 7 was synthesized by protonation of 2 with 1,3-dinitroguanidine, which was prepared from nitroguanidine in anhydrous nitric acid/N2O5. All compounds were fully characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and DSC measurements. The heats of formation of 2 - 7 were calculated using the atomization method based on CBS-4M enthalpies. With these values and the experimental (X-ray) densities several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code. In addition, the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrical discharge were tested using the BAM drophammer, friction tester as well as a small-scale electrical discharge device. A Koenen test with 1-amino-3-nitroguanidinium nitrate (3) was carried out in order to evaluate its explosive performance and shipping classification.
Solid Solutions RE16Rh11–xZx (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Z = Ga, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) – Centrosymmetric n = 2 Variants of Parthé’s Homologous Series A5n+6B3n+5
Authors: Tappe Frank , Schappacher Falko M. , Langer Thorsten , Schellenberg Inga , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Several samples of solid solutions RE16Rh11-xZx (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Z = Ga, Zn, Cd,In, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) were synthesized by high-frequency melting of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, and the structures of eight compounds were refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The compounds crystallize with a centrosymmetric variant (space group P4⁄mbm) of the Ca16Sb11 type (P4̄ 21m). The relation between both structure types is discussed on the basis of a group-subgroup scheme. Only for La16Rh8Sn3 we observed full rhodium-tin ordering. The striking structural motif is a chain of face-sharing square prisms (filled with tin) and anti-prisms (filled with rhodium). The La16Rh8Sn3 structure is closely related to the structure types W5Si3, Ca16Sb11, Y3Rh2, Sm26Co11Ga6, Pu31Pt20, and Yb36Sn23 and is the centrosymmetric n = 2 member of Parthé’s A5n+6B3n+5 series. 119Sn Mössbauer spectra resolved the two crystallographically independent tin sites of La16Rh8Sn3, while a Pr16Rh9Sb2 sample shows only a singlet in its 121Sb Mössbauer spectrum.
An Intramolecular Boron Nitrogen Lewis Acid Base Pair on a Rigid Naphthyl Backbone
Authors: Winkelhaus Daniel , Neumann Beate , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The reaction of (C6F5)2BCl with 8-lithio-N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine (1) afforded the fivemembered ring system 8-bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl-N,N-dimethyl-1-naphthylamine (2) with an intramolecular dative B-N bond. The compound was characterised by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Disaster Planning for Biotechnology Companies
Authors: Goudsmit Frank 
Published: July 2012

An earthquake in Japan cuts off the supply of key equipment and/or pharmaceutical ingredients to a biotechnology company with facilities in the U.S. Â High winds and flooding from a hurricane along the East coastâ€”home to a notable number of biotechnology facilitiesâ€”causes catastrophic property damage. What these cataclysmic events have in common is the wide scale business interruption that is left in their wake. While no company is immune to the threat that natural disasters pose to operations, biotechnology companies also face an increased risk of manmade disasters, from chemical spills and steam explosions to fires intensified by combustible dust. A business interruption of any kind jeopardizes a companyâ€™s critical output and its financial securityâ€”a reality that some never recover from. In order to withstand the crisis and return to business, developing and implementing a business continuity plan, which includes the purchase of insurance protection, is integral to the recovery process. Although the development and implementation of a business continuity plan may require a serious initial financial commitment, it can help protect your biotechnology firm against greater physical and financial loss.
Iodine‐Catalyzed, Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Arylidine‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazines and their Applications for the Synthesis of Quinazoline 3‐Oxides
Authors: Lee Wen‐Chun , Shen Ho‐Chuan , Hu Wan‐Ping , Lo Wei‐Sheng , Murali Chebrolu , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: July 2012

Abstract4‐Benzylidene‐2‐aryl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3] oxazines have been synthesized with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivities from 2‐alkynylbenzamides in the presence of a catalytic amount of I2. In the reaction mechanism, iodine plays a key role in two different aspects as a catalyst, such as to activate the alkyne with the iodinium donor which triggers the cascade, and then as a proper acid source to facilitate catalyst recovery. The benzoxazines have been exploited as potential substrates for the synthesis of quinazoline 3‐oxide derivatives directly in one step.
From Nanographene and Graphene Nanoribbons to Graphene Sheets: Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Chen Long , Hernandez Yenny , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGraphene, an individual two‐dimensional, atomically thick sheet of graphite composed of a hexagonal network of sp2 carbon atoms, has been intensively investigated since its first isolation in 2004, which was based on repeated peeling of highly oriented pyrolyzed graphite (HOPG). The extraordinary electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene make it a promising candidate for practical applications in electronics, sensing, catalysis, energy storage, conversion, etc. Both the theoretical and experimental studies proved that the properties of graphene are mainly dependent on their geometric structures. Precise control over graphene synthesis is therefore crucial for probing their fundamental physical properties and introduction in promising applications. In this Minireview, we highlight the recent progress that has led to the successful chemical synthesis of graphene with a range of different sizes and chemical compositions based on both top‐down and bottom‐up strategies.