bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and MBL2 and IL1‐RN polymorphisms
Authors: Cakmak Bilin Cetinkaya , Calkavur Sebnem , Ozkinay Ferda , Koroglu Ozge Altun , Onay Huseyin , Itirli Gulcin , Karaca Emin , Yalaz Mehmet , Akisu Mete , Kultursay Nilgün 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe imbalance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) codon 54 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1‐RN) polymorphisms cause genetic predisposition to increased risk of infection and inflammation, therefore may increase the risk of BPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MBL, IL1‐RN gene polymorphisms and BPD development in preterm infants.MethodsMBL codon 54 and IL1‐RN polymorphisms were studied in 71 infants who were born at <32 weeks of gestation, with the diagnosis of BPD (group 1) and in a control group of preterm infants without BPD (group 2).ResultsIL1‐RN and MBL2 variant genes were closely associated with increased risk of BPD (both P < 0.001) together with significantly lower birthweight (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), lower 5 min Apgar scores (P = 0.009 for both genes) and increased neonatal infection rate (P < 0.001 and P < 0.009, respectively). The IL1 RN 1/1 genotype was protective (odds ratio [OR], 0.075; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.019–0.76) while the IL1‐RN 2/2 genotype increased the risk for BPD (OR, 11.7; 95%CI: 1.3–103.6). The MBL‐AA genotype was protective against BPD (OR, 0.066; 95%CI: 0.02–0.2) whereas the MBL‐BB genotype increased the susceptibility for the development of BPD (OR, 23.8; 95%CI: 2.8–200.6).ConclusionMBL and IL 1 RN polymorphisms are closely related to low birthweight and increase the risk of neonatal sepsis and BPD development in preterm infants.
Comparison of two inside‐out transobturator suburethral sling techniques for stress incontinence: Early postoperative thigh pain and 3‐year outcomes
Authors: Neuman Menahem , Sosnovski Vladimir , Goralnik Svetlana , Diker Benjamin , Bornstein Jacob 
Published: August 2012

Objectives:  Inside‐out tension‐free vaginal tape obturators for the cure of female stress incontinence can cause postoperative thigh pain. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the mid‐term outcomes of two tension‐free vaginal tape obturator procedures.Methods:  Patients diagnosed with urinary stress incontinence were enrolled to undergo a tension‐free vaginal tape obturator sub‐mid urethral tape operation either by de‐Leval's method or by Flam's modification. Peri‐ and postoperative data were collected by uninvolved researchers and analyzed. Follow up was 36 months.Results:  Overall, 161 patients were included in the study. Cure and complication rates were similar between the two treatment groups. Postoperative thigh pain was significantly more frequent and lasted longer in the de‐Leval group compared with the Flam group (31.9% vs 10.0%, respectively). Urinary urgency was more frequent in the de‐Leval patients (20.3% vs 2.8%).Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that both tension‐free vaginal tape obturator procedures are effective with few adverse effects. The Flam method provides shorter and decreased levels of postoperative thigh pain, as well as reduced long‐term postoperative urinary urgency.
Talking about sex as part of our role: Making and sustaining practice change
Authors: Quinn Chris , Happell Brenda , Welch Anthony 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSexual issues are common for consumers of mental health services and have many adverse consequences for quality of life as well as impacting negatively on the mental illness itself. Nurses in mental health settings are well placed to assess for the presence of and provide interventions for sexual concerns. To date, little research has been undertaken to explore nurses' attitudes and whether sexual issues would be accepted as part of their care. This paper presents findings from the third stage of a qualitative, exploratory research study with mental health nurses working in an Australian mental health service. The findings from the first two stages suggested that the participants had tended to avoid discussion of sexual issues, but a brief education intervention had produced a greater willingness to address sexual issues as part of care. The aim of the third stage was to determine the degree to which changes in practice had continued over time. Two main themes that emerged from this data were: (i) holism, from rhetoric to reality; and (ii) part of what I do. Addressing sexual issues became part of practice, a change sustained 2 years following the intervention, because participants recognized its importance for holistic nursing care.
Dispersal and edge behaviour of bark beetles and predators inhabiting red pine plantations
Authors: Costa Arnaud , A Min , Boone Celia K. , Kendrick Alexander P. , Murphy Robert J. , Sharpee William C. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Reeve John D. 
Published: August 2012

Quantifying dispersal in predator–prey systems can improve our understanding of how these species interact in space and time, as well as their relative distributions across complex landscapes.We measured the dispersal abilities of three forest insects associated with red pine decline: the eastern five spined pine engraverIps grandicollis(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), its main predatorThanasimus dubius(Coleoptera: Cleridae) and the basal stem and root colonizerDendroctonus valens(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We also examined the edge behaviours of these species and the predatorPlatysomaspp (Coleoptera: Histeridae) between red pine stands (habitat) and clearings (nonhabitat).Thanasimus dubiusdispersed 12 times farther than its preyI. grandicollis, with 50% of predators dispersing farther than 1.54 km. This profound difference in dispersal behaviour between prey and predator may contribute to the clumped distribution ofI. grandicollis.MostT. dubiusandD. valenswere confined in the pine forest, thus showing strong edge behaviour. This differed fromI. grandicollis and Platysomaspp., which were commonly found in open areas adjacent to red pine plantations.The bark beetleI. grandicollisand one of its main predators,T. dubius, exhibited different patterns of movement within a fragmented landscape. Despite a greater dispersal ability ofT. dubiuswithin forests, the spatial distribution of this predator may be restricted by fragmentation of its habitat, and provide an opportunity for partial escape of its prey.The present study contributes to our knowledge of top‐down forces within red pine stands undergoing decline. Differences of dispersal patterns and edge behaviour could contribute to the initiation of new pockets of decline, as well as the connectedness among existing ones.
Secondary cancers after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer: incidence and cause‐specific survival outcomes according to the initial treatment intervention
Authors: Zelefsky Michael J. , Pei Xin , Teslova Tatiana , Kuk Deborah , Magsanoc Juan Martin , Kollmeier Marisa , Cox Brett , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: August 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Radiation Therapy for prostate cancer can increase the risk for the development of second cancers after treatment. This study highlights the fact that such second cancers within the pelvis do occur but are not as common as previously reported. In this report we also note that even among patients who develop second cancers, if detected earlier, the majority are alive 5 years after the diagnosis.OBJECTIVE
To report on the incidence of secondary malignancy (SM) development after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer and to compare this with a cohort contemporaneously treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1998 and 2001, 2658 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with RP (n= 1348), EBRT (n= 897) or BT (n= 413).
Using the RP cohort as a control we compared the incidence of SMs, such as rectal or bladder cancers noted within the pelvis, and the incidence of extrapelvic SMs.
RESULTS
The 10‐year SM‐free survival for the RP, BT and EBRT cohorts were 89%, 87%, and 83%, respectively (RP vs EBRT, P= 0.002; RP vs BT, P= 0.37).
The 10‐year likelihoods for bladder or colorectal cancer SM development in the RP, BT and EBRT groups were 3%, 2% and 4%, respectively (P= 0.29).
Multivariate analysis of predictors for development of all SMs showed that older age (P= 0.01) and history of smoking (P < 0.001) were significant predictors for the development of a SM, while treatment intervention was not found to be a significant variable.
Among 243 patients who developed a SM, the 5‐year likelihood of SM‐related mortality among patients with SMs in the EBRT and BT groups was 43.7% and 15.6%, respectively, compared with 26.3% in the RP cohort; P= 0.052).
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of SM after radiotherapy was not significantly different from that after RP when adjusted for patient age and smoking history.
The incidence of bladder and rectal cancers was low for both EBRT‐ and BT‐treated patients.
Among patients who developed a SM, the likelihood of mortality related to the SM was not significantly different among the treatment cohorts.
Making Sense of Spin
Authors: Manson Neil C. 
Published: August 2012

abstract‘Spin’ is a pejorative term for a ubiquitous form of communication. Spin is viewed by many as deceptive, and by others as bending or twisting the truth. But spin need not be deceptive and the metaphors are less than clear. The aim here is to clarify what spin is: spin is identified as a form of selective claim‐making, where the process of selection is governed by an intention to bring about promotional perlocutionary effects. The process of selection may pertain to aspects of some situation or phenomenon; or to the lexis used in making the claims. Not all selective promotional communication is spin. Spin involves a distinctive kind of dissociation between the speaker's first‐order interpretation and the constructed interpretation or claim offered to others. With these clarifications in place the discussion turns to the complex connections between spin, truthfulness and deception. Aspect‐selective spin can be truthful, and it need not be deceptive in its intentions or effects, but may risk deceiving audiences. Lexical spin is less readily truthful, and both forms of spin prudentially require a distinctive kind of concealment of the speaker's intentions. The account developed here does not address normative questions about whether, or how, spin might be wrong, but aims to provide a clear and adequate account of spin as a basis for addressing normative questions about spin.
Quantifying changes in sun bear distribution and their forest habitat in Sumatra
Authors: Wong W‐M. , Leader‐Williams N. , Linkie M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHigh rates of deforestation are presumed to adversely affect large‐bodied mammal populations across South‐east Asia. Understanding how these species respond to deforestation is therefore important for their conservation, particularly for more cryptic species that have proved a challenge to enumerate. Here, we use an occupancy approach based on detection/non‐detection data collected over two survey periods to conduct the first assessment of spatio‐temporal changes in sun bear distribution. We measured sun bear population trends through repeat camera‐trap surveys and assessed their response to varying levels of deforestation in four study areas located in and around the 13 300 km2 Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Sumatra, from 2004/06 to 2009/11. The crude results suggested a decline in sun bear distribution, from 0.683 [0.519–0.810; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] to 0.444 (0.253–0.584), but there were considerable overlaps in temporal CIs. This overall change in occupancy was partially driven by the significant decline (9.4%year−1) in one subpopulation living in the study area that underwent the highest rate of deforestation (0.96%year−1). Meanwhile, sun bear subpopulations living in areas experiencing lower deforestation rates (i.e. < 0.60%year−1) appear to be less affected by forest clearance. Our study demonstrates that occupancy modelling is a useful and replicable tool for monitoring sun bear populations in KSNP and elsewhere. Our results confirm that KSNP is a stronghold for sun bears, while also forewarning of the detrimental effects of ongoing illegal deforestation on sun bear distributions.
Striated muscle fiber apoptosis after experimental tendon lesion in a rat model
Authors: Palumbo Carla , Rovesta Claudio , Ferretti Marzia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTendon lesions induce muscular atrophy, the nature of which has not yet been clearly related to lesion etiology and entity. In the present study, tendon and muscle alterations were assessed after experimental tendon lesion of the Infraspinatus muscle in young rats. The consequences of lesions differed on the basis of both extension and injured tissue vascularization, that is apoptosis and/or degeneration, differing mainly by energy demands: apoptosis requires high energy levels (proportional to vascular supply), but degeneration does not. It is well known that tendons are poorly supplied with blood compared with muscular masses, which are abundantly vascularized. Five weeks after tendon surgical section, tendon/muscle samples were taken for TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy. The structural results reported here identified different tendon/muscle alterations: degeneration of tendon without signs of apoptosis, and atrophy of muscle fibers due only to apoptosis. This led to the formulation of the following hypothetical sequence of events: a tendon lesion, not recovering quickly due to the poor tendon blood supply, results in degeneration of the injured tendon, which, in turn, induces a partial disuse of the muscle mass, which consequently atrophies (proportionally to the severity of tendon lesion) by striated muscular fiber apoptosis. The authors suggest that the different behavior of the two tissues depends on the marked difference in their vascularization.
The effect of a Beare‐Stevenson syndrome Fgfr2 Y394C mutation on early craniofacial bone volume and relative bone mineral density in mice
Authors: Percival Christopher J. , Wang Yingli , Zhou Xueyan , Jabs Ethylin W. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuantifying the craniofacial skeletal phenotype during development highlights potential effects of known mutations on bone maturation and is an informative first step for the analysis of animal models. We introduce a novel technique to easily and efficiently quantify individual cranial bone volume and relative bone mineral density across the murine skull from high resolution computed tomography images. The approach can be combined with existing quantitative morphometric methods to provide details of bone growth and bone quality, which can be used to make inferences about regulatory effects local to individual bones and identify locations and developmental times for which additional analyses are warranted. Analysis of the Fgfr2+/Y394C mouse model of Beare‐Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, an FGFR‐related craniosynostosis syndrome, is used to demonstrate the method. Mutants and unaffected littermates display similar bone volume and relative bone density at birth, followed by significant differences at postnatal day eight. The change in rates of bone volume growth occurs similarly for all bones of the skull, regardless of origin, location or association with craniosynostosis. These results suggest an association between low bone density, low bone volume, and Fgfr craniosynostosis mutations. Our novel technique provides an initial quantitative evaluation of local shifts in bone maturation across the skull of animal models.
Parents’ knowledge, behaviour and concerns of food chemical hazards: Korean mothers sending their preschool‐aged children to child care centres
Authors: Shim Soon‐Mi , Lee Kiwon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough incidences of foodborne illness caused by chemical hazards are increasing, the studies on public awareness of food chemical hazards are limited. This study was conducted to assess mothers’ knowledge, behaviour and concerns on diverse food chemical hazards. A total of 960 mothers sending their preschool‐aged children to child care centres in Gwanak‐Gu, Seoul, Korea were surveyed, and 633 (65.9%) returned the questionnaires. After excluding inappropriate questionnaires, 364 (37.9%) were analysed. The majority of the mothers were able to identify food categories containing acrylamide (83.2%) and trans fat (80.2%), while slightly over half of the mothers named food categories containing allergen (56.3%) or pesticide residues (57.1%). Less than two thirds of mothers were knowledgeable of human exposure pathway to environmental contaminants (59.3%), acrylamide (55.2%) or heavy metals (65.9%). A significant number of mothers showed familiarity on health risk from dietary exposure to environmental contaminants (82.4%), trans fat (91.5%) or heavy metals (96.7%) (P < 0.05). The data on safe food behaviour towards environmental contaminants (81.8%), acrylamide (98.0%), heavy metals (96.7%) and trans fat (90.6%) showed high levels of right behaviours. About 47.2% and 22.8% of mothers read label of food additives and ingredient statement on allergen when purchasing processed foods, respectively. Mothers seemed to be concerned about food chemical hazards. Among the sociodemographic characteristics, only age significantly differentiated mothers’ concerns on chemical hazards in foods (P < 0.05). This study suggests that mothers needed to be educated on food chemical hazards regardless of their education levels, occupation status or the number of child.
Accuracy of colposcopy‐directed punch biopsies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Underwood M , Arbyn M , Parry‐Smith W , De Bellis‐Ayres S , Todd R , Redman CWE , Moss EL 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Underwood M, Arbyn M, Parry‐Smith W, De Bellis‐Ayres S, Todd R, Redman CWE, Moss EL. Accuracy of colposcopy‐directed punch biopsies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BJOG 2012;119:1293–1301.Background  The colposcopy‐directed punch biopsy is widely used in the management of women with abnormal cervical cytology; however, its accuracy compared with definitive histology from an excision biopsy is not well established.Objectives  To assess the accuracy of the colposcopy‐directed punch biopsy to diagnose high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Search strategy  A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed.Selection criteria  Articles that compared the colposcopically directed cervical punch biopsy with definitive histology from an excisional cervical biopsy or hysterectomy.Data collection and analysis  Random effects and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic regression models were used to compute the pooled sensitivity and specificity applying different test cut‐offs for outcomes of high‐grade CIN.Main results  Thirty‐two papers comprising 7873 paired punch/definitive histology results were identified. The pooled sensitivity for a punch biopsy defined as test cut‐off CIN1+ to diagnose CIN2+ disease was 91.3% (95% CI 85.3–94.9%) and the specificity was 24.6% (95% CI 16.0–35.9%). In most of the studies, the majority of enrolled women had positive punch biopsies. Pooling of the four studies where the excision biopsy was performed immediately after the punch biopsy, and where the rate of positive punch biopsies was considerably lower, yielded a sensitivity of 81.4% and specificity of 63.3%.Author’s conclusion  The observed high sensitivity of the punch biopsy derived from all studies is probably the result of verification bias.
Increased doses of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies: a randomised controlled double‐blind multicentre trial
Authors: Serra V , Perales A , Meseguer J , Parrilla JJ , Lara C , Bellver J , Grifol R , Alcover I , Sala M , Martínez‐Escoriza JC , Pellicer A 
Published: August 2012

Objective  Previous trials have shown little benefit for preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies using 90–200 mg of daily vaginal natural progesterone. Higher doses have not been tested. Our aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of two different daily doses of vaginal natural progesterone (200 and 400 mg), compared with placebo, for preventing preterm birth in unselected twin pregnancies.Design  Randomised controlled double‐blind multicentre trial (1:1:1).Setting  The study was carried out in five university centres from Valencia, Murcia and Alicante (Spain).Population  Women with dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies.Methods  The women self‐inserted two vaginal pessaries daily, containing placebo (n = 96), 200 mg of natural progesterone (n = 97) or 400 mg of natural progesterone (n = 97), from 20 to 34 weeks of gestation or delivery. Randomisation was performed by an external centre. Data were analysed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.Main outcome measure  Preterm birth rate.Results  The baseline characteristics for placebo and progesterone groups were similar. Comparison of the three groups and analysis of progesterone‐treated versus untreated women showed similar pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The proportion of preterm and very preterm births, low birthweight, perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity showed no differences between the three groups. Similar results were also obtained when comparing the 200‐ versus 400‐mg progesterone groups. No serious adverse effects were encountered.Conclusions  Vaginal progesterone therapy was generally well tolerated, but failed to prevent preterm births in unselected dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. The 400‐mg progesterone dose offered no advantages over the 200‐mg regimen.