bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiapoptotic Activity of the Cardiovirus Leader Protein, a Viral “Security” Protein
Authors: Romanova Lyudmila I. , Lidsky Peter V. , Kolesnikova Marina S. , Fominykh Ksenia V. , Gmyl Anatoly P. , Sheval Eugene V. , Hato Stanleyson V. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Agol Vadim I. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

Apoptosis is a common antiviral defensive mechanism that potentially limits viral reproduction and spread. Many viruses possess apoptosis-suppressing tools. Here, we show that the productive infection of HeLa cells with encephalomyocarditis virus (a cardiovirus) was not accompanied by full-fledged apoptosis (although the activation of caspases was detected late in infection) but rather elicited a strong antiapoptotic state, as evidenced by the resistance of infected cells to viral and nonviral apoptosis inducers. The development of the antiapoptotic state appeared to depend on a function(s) of the viral leader (L) protein, since its mutational inactivation resulted in the efflux of cytochrome
c
from mitochondria, the early activation of caspases, and the appearance of morphological and biochemical signs of apoptosis in a significant proportion of infected cells. Infection with both wild-type and L-deficient viruses induced the fragmentation of mitochondria, which in the former case was not accompanied with cytochrome
c
efflux. Although the exact nature of the antiapoptotic function(s) of cardioviruses remains obscure, our results suggested that it includes previously undescribed mechanisms operating upstream and possibly downstream of the mitochondrial level, and that L is involved in the control of these mechanisms. We propose that cardiovirus L belongs to a class of viral proteins, dubbed here security proteins, whose roles consist solely, or largely, in counteracting host antidefenses. Unrelated L proteins of other picornaviruses as well as their highly variable 2A proteins also may be security proteins. These proteins appear to be independent acquisitions in the evolution of picornaviruses, implying multiple cases of functional (though not structural) convergence.
Variation in Antagonism of the Interferon Response to Rotavirus NSP1 Results in Differential Infectivity in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Feng N. , Sen A. , Nguyen H. , Vo P. , Hoshino Y. , Deal E. M. , Greenberg H. B. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
Rotavirus NSP1 has been shown to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates proteasome-dependent degradation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF), including IRF3, -5, and -7, and suppresses the cellular type I IFN response. However, the effect of rotavirus NSP1 on viral replication is not well defined. Prior studies used genetic analysis of selected reassortants to link NSP1 with host range restriction in the mouse, suggesting that homologous and heterologous rotaviruses might use their different abilities to antagonize the IFN response as the basis of their host tropisms. Using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model, we demonstrate that heterologous bovine (UK and NCDV) and porcine (OSU) rotaviruses fail to effectively degrade cellular IRF3, resulting in IRF3 activation and beta IFN (IFN-β) secretion. As a consequence of this failure, replication of these viruses is severely restricted in IFN-competent wild-type, but not in IFN-deficient (IFN-α/β/γ receptor- or STAT1-deficient) MEFs. On the other hand, homologous murine rotaviruses (ETD or EHP) or the heterologous simian rotavirus (rhesus rotavirus [RRV]) efficiently degrade cellular IRF3, diminish IRF3 activation and IFN-β secretion and are not replication restricted in wild-type MEFs. Genetic reassortant analysis between UK and RRV maps the distinctive phenotypes of IFN antagonism and growth restriction in wild-type MEFs to NSP1. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between the replication efficiencies of different rotavirus strains in MEFs and strain-related variations in NSP1-mediated antagonism of the type I IFN response.
Finger Domain Mutation Affects Enzyme Activity, DNA Replication Efficiency, and Fidelity of an Exonuclease-Deficient DNA Polymerase of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Authors: Tian Wang , Hwang Ying T. , Lu Qiangsheng , Hwang Charles B. C. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
The catalytic subunit of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase (Pol), a member of the B family polymerases, possesses both polymerase and exonuclease activities. We previously demonstrated that a recombinant virus (YD12) containing a double mutation within conserved exonuclease motif III of the Pol was highly mutagenic and rapidly evolved to contain an additional leucine-to-phenylalanine mutation at residue 774 (L774F), which is located within the finger subdomain of the polymerase domain. We further demonstrated that the recombinant L774F virus replicated DNA with increased fidelity and that the L774F mutant Pol exhibited altered enzyme kinetics and impaired polymerase activity to extension from mismatched primer termini. In this study, we demonstrated that addition of the L774F mutation to the YD12 Pol did not restore the exonuclease deficiency. However, the polymerase activity of the YD12 Pol to extension from mismatched primer termini and on the nucleotide incorporation pattern was altered upon addition of the L774F mutation. The L774F mutation-containing YD12 Pol also supported the growth of viral progeny and replicated DNA more efficiently and more accurately than did the YD12 Pol. Together, these studies demonstrate that a herpes simplex virus Pol mutant with a highly mutagenic ability can rapidly acquire additional mutations, which may be selected for their survival and outgrowth. Furthermore, the studies demonstrate that the polymerase activity of HSV-1 Pol on primer extension is influenced by sequence context and that herpes simplex virus type 1 Pol may dissociate more frequently at G·C sites during the polymerization reaction. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Palaeoenvironmental significance of carbon- and oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of marine Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections in SW Britain
Authors: Korte Christoph , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Rickaby Rosalind E.M. , Spötl Christoph 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy is a useful tool for stratigraphic correlation, especially for strata deposited during major perturbations of the carbon cycle that affected the marine, terrestrial and atmospheric reservoirs. For the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, effectively defined by a first-order mass extinction, major fluctuations in carbon-isotope values have been well documented, but these datasets have generally been derived from bulk-rock samples. Hence, the extent to which features of the isotopic curve reflect diagenetic alteration or changing proportions of constituent materials is unconstrained. Here, carbon- and oxygen-isotope data are presented from well-preserved oyster shells (
Liostrea
) comprising low-magnesium calcite, a mineral species relatively resistant to diagenetic alteration. Samples were obtained from Lavernock Point, Glamorgan, Wales, a coastal section close to a candidate stratotype for the base of the Jurassic at St Audrie's Bay, Somerset, England. The carbon-isotope signature from St Audrie's Bay, previously defined on the basis of analysis of bulk organic matter, is confirmed by our new data. Major features are (1) the upper part of an ’initial' negative isotope excursion in the lowest part of the section, followed by (2) a pronounced positive excursion, and (3) an extended ’main' negative isotope excursion in the highest part of the section. The data confirm that the carbon-isotope stratigraphy previously documented from bulk organic matter in SW England records the chemical composition of the contemporaneous seawater. Bulk carbonates sampled over the same interval near Lyme Regis, England, show similar trends to those from oyster calcite in the lower part of the study section, but there are more
13
C-depleted values up-section. These lower values probably result from an admixture of primary and diagenetic carbonate. Palaeotemperatures calculated from oxygen-isotope values from Lavernock Point oyster shells are relatively cool at the beginning of the positive carbon-isotope excursion, and increased by up to 10 °C during the main negative carbon-isotope excursion. The new results are compatible with the view that positive carbon-isotope excursions correspond to times of low atmospheric carbon dioxide content, whereas negative carbon-isotope excursions correspond to times of high atmospheric carbon dioxide content, as is also found to be the case during the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Oceanic Anoxic Event. The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and δ
18
O of investigated
Liostrea hisingeri
show no correlation, supporting data from modern bivalves that indicate that incorporation of Mg and Sr is controlled mainly by factors other than temperature.
Timing, relations and cause of plutonic and volcanic activity of the Siluro-Devonian post-collision magmatic episode in the Grampian Terrane, Scotland
Authors: Neilson J.C. , Kokelaar B.P. , Crowley Q.G. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:

Calc-alkaline magmatism in the Grampian Terrane started at
c
. 430 Ma, after subduction of the edge of continental Avalonia beneath Laurentia, and it then persisted for at least 22 Ma. Isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon dating yields 425.0 ± 0.7 Ma for the Lorn Lava Pile, 422.5 ± 0.5 Ma for Rannoch Moor Pluton, 419.6 ± 5.4 Ma for a fault-intrusion at Glencoe volcano, 417.9 ± 0.9 Ma for Clach Leathad Pluton in Glencoe, and, in the Etive Pluton, 414.9 ± 0.7 Ma for the Cruachan Intrusion and 408.0 ± 0.5 Ma for the Inner Starav Intrusion. The Etive Dyke Swarm was mostly emplaced during 418–414 Ma, forming part of the plumbing of a large volcano (≥2000 km
3
) that became intruded by the Etive Pluton and was subsequently removed by erosion. During the magmatism large volumes (thousands of km
3
) of high Ba–Sr andesite and dacite were erupted repeatedly, but were mostly removed by contemporaneous uplift and erosion. This volcanic counterpart to the ’Newer Granite' plutons has not previously been fully recognized. The intermediate magmas forming both plutons and volcanoes originated mainly by partial melting of heterogeneous mafic to intermediate lowermost crust that had high Ba–Sr derived from previous melting of large ion lithophile element (LILE)-enriched mantle, possibly at
c
. 1.8 Ga. This crustal recycling was induced by heat and volatiles from underplated small-degree melts of LILE- and light REE-enriched lithospheric mantle (appinite–lamprophyre magmas). The post-collision magmatism and uplift resulted from breakoff of subducted oceanic lithosphere and consequent rise of asthenosphere.

Supplementary material:

Geochronological methods, tabulated data and additional figures are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18343
.
Detrital zircon provenance and Ordovician terrane amalgamation, western Ireland
Authors: McConnell Brian , Riggs Nancy , Crowley Quentin G. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:

Detrital zircon analysis of sandstones interbedded with
c
. 464 Ma ignimbrites in the lower Mweelrea Formation of the South Mayo Trough, western Ireland, suggests Ordovician source-rock provenance that corresponds to two distinct volcanic-arc phases on the Laurentian margin. East-derived sandstones contain a suite of zircons with a mean age of
c
. 487 Ma that suggests derivation from the Cambrian to early Ordovician Baie Verte Oceanic Tract arc–ophiolite complex, locally represented by the Lough Nafooey arc rocks and the Clew Bay Complex. Zircons from south-derived sandstones within the Bunnacunneen conglomerate fan have average ages of
c
. 467–474 Ma, and correspond to the Notre Dame arc and locally the Connemara metagabbro and orthogneiss suite. Granite clasts in the Bunnacunneen conglomerate are similar to the Connemara orthogneiss suite, in terms of both their geochemistry and their age (
c
. 471 Ma). The southerly derived sedimentary strata also include Archaean and Proterozoic zircon age spectra consistent with a Dalradian source. A southern provenance from the Notre Dame arc and Dalradian rocks suggests that the Connemara terrane lay to the south of the South Mayo Trough during middle Llanvirn times, from at least 464 Ma.

Supplementary material:

U–Pb laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data for detrital zircons and details of analytical methods for U–Pb LA-MC-ICPMS and U–Pb isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry analyses are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18331
.
Triassic continental rifting of Pangaea: direct evidence from the Alpujarride carbonates, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain
Authors: MARTIN-ROJAS I. , SOMMA R. , DELGADO F. , ESTéVEZ A. , IANNACE A. , PERRONE V. , ZAMPARELLI V. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:

Evidence is presented for Triassic rift-related palaeo-structures from the Alpujarride Complex carbonates of the Betic Cordillera, SE Spain. Direct evidence of synsedimentary extensional tectonics is provided by macro- to meso-scale normal faults overstepped by younger strata. Most faults define domino-like horst and graben structures. The faults are associated with an expanded synrift sedimentary prism in which soft-sediment deformation, gravity-flow deposits and unconformities are widely developed. Syntectonic mafic igneous intrusions also occur. The age of this phase of extension is constrained as Ladinian–Carnian (
c
. 237–216 Ma). From a palaeogeographical standpoint, the thick Triassic carbonates of the Betic Internal Zone, together with comparable successions in Northern Calabria (Southern Apennines), occupied a belt with elevated subsidence connecting the Neo-Tethys to the east with the eastern North American intracontinental rift system to the west. Their carbonate facies, intermediate between classical Alpine- and Germanic-type Triassic facies, recorded the main episodes of rifting affecting Central Pangaea.
Arc–continent collision and the formation of continental crust: a new geochemical and isotopic record from the Ordovician Tyrone Igneous Complex, Ireland
Authors: Draut Amy E. , Clift Peter D. , Amato Jeffrey M. , Blusztajn Jerzy , Schouten Hans 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:
Collisions between oceanic island-arc terranes and passive continental margins are thought to have been important in the formation of continental crust throughout much of Earth's history. Magmatic evolution during this stage of the plate-tectonic cycle is evident in several areas of the Ordovician Grampian–Taconic orogen, as we demonstrate in the first detailed geochemical study of the Tyrone Igneous Complex, Ireland. New U–Pb zircon dating yields ages of 493 ± 2 Ma from a primitive mafic intrusion, indicating intra-oceanic subduction in Tremadoc time, and 475 ± 10 Ma from a light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched tonalite intrusion that incorporated Laurentian continental material by early Arenig time (Early Ordovician, Stage 2) during arc–continent collision. Notably, LREE enrichment in volcanism and silicic intrusions of the Tyrone Igneous Complex exceeds that of average Dalradian (Laurentian) continental material that would have been thrust under the colliding forearc and potentially recycled into arc magmatism. This implies that crystal fractionation, in addition to magmatic mixing and assimilation, was important to the formation of new crust in the Grampian–Taconic orogeny. Because similar super-enrichment of orogenic melts occurred elsewhere in the Caledonides in the British Isles and Newfoundland, the addition of new, highly enriched melt to this accreted arc terrane was apparently widespread spatially and temporally. Such super-enrichment of magmatism, especially if accompanied by loss of corresponding lower crustal residues, supports the theory that arc–continent collision plays an important role in altering bulk crustal composition toward typical values for ancient continental crust.
New evidence concerning the age and biotic effects of the Chicxulub impact in NE Mexico
Authors: Keller Gerta , Adatte Thierry , Juez Alfonso Pardo , Lopez-Oliva Jose G. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:In the 1990s the Chicxulub impact was linked to the K–T boundary by impact spherules at the base of a sandstone complex that was interpreted as an impact-generated tsunami deposit. Since that time a preponderance of evidence has failed to support this interpretation, revealing long-term deposition of the sandstone complex, the K–T boundary above it and the primary impact spherule ejecta interbedded in Late Maastrichtian marls below. Based on evidence from Mexico and Texas we suggested that the Chicxulub impact predates the K–T boundary. Impact-tsunami proponents have challenged this evidence largely on the basis that the stratigraphically lower spherule layer in Mexico represents slumps and widespread tectonic disturbance, although no such evidence has been presented. The decades-old controversy over the cause of the K–T mass extinction will never achieve consensus, but careful documentation of results that are reproducible and verifiable will uncover what really happened at the end of the Crectaceous. This study takes an important step in that direction by showing (1) that the stratigraphically older spherule layer from El Peñon, NE Mexico, represents the primary Chicxulub impact spherule ejecta in tectonically undisturbed sediments and (2) that this impact caused no species extinctions.
A Link between Adolescent Nicotine Metabolism and Smoking Topography
Authors: Moolchan Eric T. , Parzynski Craig S. , Jaszyna-Gasior Maria , Collins Charles C. , Leff Michelle K. , Zimmerman Debra L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAdult slow nicotine metabolizers have lower smoke exposure, carbon monoxide levels, and plasma nicotine levels than normal and fast metabolizers. Emerging evidence suggests nicotine metabolism influences smoking topography. This study investigated the association of nicotine metabolism (the ratio of plasma 3-hydroxycotinine to cotinine; 3OHCOT/COT) with smoking topography in adolescent smokers (n = 85; 65% female, 68% European American; mean age, 15.3 ± 1.2 years; mean cigarettes per day, 18.5 ± 8.5; mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, 7.0 ± 1.2) presenting for a nicotine replacement therapy trial. Measures obtained included puff volume, interpuff interval, number of puffs, puff duration, and puff velocity. Linear regression analysis controlling for hormonal contraception use showed that 3OHCOT/COT ratios predicted mean puff volume in the overall sample (t = 2.126; P = 0.037; adjusted R2 = 0.067). After gender stratification, faster metabolism predicted higher mean puff volume (t = 2.81; P = 0.009; adjusted R2 = 0.192) but fewer puffs (t = −3.160; P = 0.004; adjusted R2 = 0.237) and lower mean puff duration (t = −2.06; P = 0.048; adjusted R2 = 0.101) among boys only, suggesting that as nicotine metabolism increases, puff volume increases but puffing frequency decreases. No significant relationships were found between nicotine metabolism and total puff volume, mean puff duration, interpuff interval, or puff velocity. If confirmed in a broader sample of adolescent smokers, these findings suggest that as among dependent adult smokers, rate of metabolism among adolescent boys is linked to select parameters of puffing behavior that may affect cessation ability. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1578–83)
Autoantibody to Tumor Antigen, Alpha 2-HS Glycoprotein: A Novel Biomarker of Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis
Authors: Yi Jae Kyo , Chang Jong Wook , Han Wonshik , Lee Jong Won , Ko Eunyoung , Kim Dong Hyun , Bae Ji-Yeon , Yu Jonghan , Lee Cheolju , Yu Myeong-Hee , Noh Dong-Young 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We sought to identify a new serum biomarker for breast cancer screening and diagnosis using stepwise proteomic analysis of sera from breast cancer patients to detect the presence of autoantibodies that react with urinary protein. Two-dimensional immunoblotting was done for screening autoimmunogenic tumor antigens in the urine of breast cancer patients. Reactive spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among urinary proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, 13 spots showed strong reactivity with pooled sera from breast cancer patients or control sera. By mass spectrometry, we identified α 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) as a tumor antigen. Peripheral blood was obtained from 81 women diagnosed with breast cancer before surgery and 73 female donors without evidence of any malignancy for the individual analysis. In one-dimensional Western blot analysis, AHSG autoantibody was detected in 64 of 81 breast cancer patients (79.1%) and in 7 of 73 controls (9.6%). The sensitivity of this test in breast cancer patients was 79.0%. Our results suggest that AHSG and anti-AHSG autoantibody may be useful serum biomarkers for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1357–64)
The Association between Diet and Serum Concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Crowe Francesca L. , Key Timothy J. , Allen Naomi E. , Appleby Paul N. , Roddam Andrew , Overvad Kim , Grønbæk Henning , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jutte , Dossus Laure , Boeing Heiner , Kröger Janine , Trichopoulou Antonia , Dilis Vardis , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , De Lauzon Blandine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Palli Domenico , Berrino Franco , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Vrieling Alina , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Gram Inger T. , Skeie Guri , Lund Eiliv , Rodríguez Laudina , Jakszyn Paula , Molina-Montes Esther , Tormo María J. , Barricarte Aurelio , Larrañaga Nerea , Khaw Kay-Tee , Bingham Sheila , Rinaldi Sabina , Slimani Nadia , Norat Teresa , Gallo Valentina , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCirculating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) have been associated with the risk of several types of cancer. Dietary correlates of IGF-I and IGFBPs are not yet well established. The objective of this study was to assess the association between dietary intake and serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in a cross-sectional analysis of 4,731 men and women taking part in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Diet was assessed using country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were measured, and the associations between diet and IGF-I and IGFBPs were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol and energy intake. Each 1 SD increment increase in total and dairy protein and calcium intake was associated with an increase in IGF-I concentration of 2.5%, 2.4%, and 3.3%, respectively (P for trend &lt;0.001 for all) and a decrease in IGFBP-2 of 3.5%, 3.5%, and 5.4% (P for trend &lt;0.001 for all), respectively. There were no significant associations between the intake of protein or calcium from nondairy sources and IGF-I. The results from this large cross-sectional analysis show that either the intake of dairy protein or calcium is an important dietary determinant of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 concentrations; however, we suggest that it is more likely to be protein from dairy products. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1333–40)