bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of GaN in a planetary MOCVD hotwall system
Authors: Fahle D. , Behmenburg H. , Mauder C. , Kalisch H. , Jansen R. H. , Kitahata H. , Brien D. , Strauch G. , Schmitz D. , Heuken M. , Vescan A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on a new planetary hotwall research system with independent control of the ceiling and susceptor temperatures. This allows a study of the influence of an actively heated ceiling during a MOCVD process. It was found that the temperature profile across the substrate becomes more uniform when the ceiling temperature is increased while maintaining the same susceptor surface temperature.The parasitic coating on the ceiling was found to be stable and no source of particles up to 1050 °C. The influence of the ceiling temperature on the depletion profile and the possibility to manipulate it was investigated. Good thickness homogeneity of 1.35% (1·σ) on a 4″ sapphire wafer was achieved with excellent XRD results of 206 arcsec for the (0002) reflex and 272 arcsec for the (10‐12) reflex for a 4.7 µm thick GaN film. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Masking photochromic films for nanolithography technology
Authors: Ayt Anton , Barachevsky Valery , Kobeleva Olga , Valova Tatyana , Gorelik Alexander , Krayushkin Michail , Komlenok Maksim , Kononenko Vitaly 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne of the problems for modern photolithography is a resolution increase of images recorded on photoresists. For this goal a method of photochromic masking using reversible photochemical transformations of organic systems may be developed. More than 150 photochromic compounds from 11 classes have been studied in solutions and several photochromic compounds exhibiting the best value of the photoindused change of an optical density (ΔOD) at 193 nm have been chosen for the following investigations in the polymer binder and solid films. The method of testing of the photochromic polymer and solid films in operating conditions has been developed. For the testing, a preparation technology of thin photochromic polymer films using the spin‐coating technique has been worked out. It was shown that the polymer and the photochrome should be at an optimal mass ratio in a thin film to reach the maximum of ΔOD. The best result (ΔOD = 0.87) was received for the polymer film based on one of photochromic diarylethenes and poly(methyl)‐methacrylate (at the concentration ratio as 90/10 mass%) of a thickness 450±50 nm under 193 nm laser irradiation at exposure doses about 525 mJ/cm2. An application of these photochromic layers may allow to increase a resolution on the photoresist layer up to 22 nm and more with 193 nm photolithography double‐exposure method. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heat treatment to prevent image defect occurrence in amorphous Se doped with Te avalanche multiplication photoconductive film
Authors: Ohkawa Yuji , Miyakawa Kazunori , Matsubara Tomoki , Kikuchi Kenji , Tanioka Kenkichi , Kubota Misao , Egami Norifumi , Kobayashi Akira 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have been developing an amorphous selenium (a‐Se) avalanche multiplication photoconductive film, named HARP (high‐gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor), for the purpose of making a high‐sensitivity video camera useful for broadcasting, x‐ray medical diagnosis, etc. The HARP film used for the red channel in a colour camera is doped with tellurium (Te) to improve its red‐light sensitivity. However, doping a‐Se with Te generates impurity levels that trap electrons, and the built‐in‐field formed by these trapped electrons causes image defects. We devised a heat treatment to prevent the occurrence of these defects. We suppose that the thermal energy of the heat treatment releases the originally trapped electrons, and that the energy makes it difficult for moving electrons to be trapped during operation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetics of photodarkening at room and liquid He temperatures in a‐As45Se 55 thin film
Authors: Barik A. R. , Adarsh K. V. , Naik Ramakanta , Ganesan R. , Sangunni K. S. , Zhao Donghui , Jain Himanshu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report experimental results that compare the magnitude and kinetics of photodarkening (PD) in a‐As45Se55 thin film at 4.2 K vs. at 300 K. Overall the magnitude of PD increases with decreasing temperature, however the kinetics become slower when compared to the same effects at room temperature. The large change in PD and its kinetics are successfully explained based on the photon assisted site switching (PASS) model (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation and modelling of gap flow and wake formation on Svalbard
Authors: Barstad Idar , Adakudlu Muralidhar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAircraft observations, satellite information and model simulations are presented for an episode with significant local disturbances in the vicinity of Spitsbergen, on the Svalbard archipelago in the Barents Sea. Relative weak upstream winds from the east gave rise to strong local winds in the Hinlopen Strait which separates Spitsbergen from Nordaustlandet Island. The aircraft data included wind lidar, water vapour lidar and dropsonde observations. The aircraft flew through the Hinlopen Strait and found winds near 20 m s−1 in magnitude close to the surface. This is a factor of about four above the upstream wind magnitude. In the lee of the terrain, a wake with return currents was formed and this was clearly documented by the lidar observations. The model simulations reproduced the episodes with a high degree of fidelity. In the lee of the mountains, small‐scale cloud features appeared both in the lidar data and in the satellite observations. For wind directions with easterly and northerly components, these features are frequently observed on satellite pictures downstream of Spitsbergen. In the model framework, the cloud streamers were further investigated. Through sensitivity tests and more idealized simulations, it was found that the features plausibly stem from vertical circulations set up by the terrain and maintained by the positive buoyancy gained downstream over the relatively warm water. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Developing a model‐based sampling plan
Authors: Negrin Itay , Parmet Yisrael , Schechtman Edna 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStatistical process modeling is widely used in industry for forecasting the production outcomes, for process control and for process optimization. Applying a prediction model in a production process allows the user to calibrate/predict the mean of the distribution of the process outcomes and to partition the overall variation in the distribution of the process outcomes into explained (by the model) and unexplained (residuals) variations; thus, reducing the unexplained variability. The additional information about the process behavior can be used prior to the sampling procedure and may help to reduce the required sample size to classify a lot. This research focuses on the development of a model‐based sampling plan based ontextitCpk (process capability index). It is an extension of a multistage acceptance sampling plan also based on Cpk (Negrin et al., Quality Engineering 2009; 21:306–318; Quality and Reliability Engineering International 2011; 27:3–14). The advantage of this sampling plan is that the sample size needed depends directly and quantitatively on the quality of the process (Cpk), whereas other sampling plans such as MIL‐STD‐414 (Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Variables for Percent Defective, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, 1957.) use only qualitative measures. The objective of this paper is to further refine the needed sample size by using a predictive model for the lot's expectation. We developed model‐based sample size formulae which depend directly on the quality of the prediction model (as measured by R2) and adjust the ‘not model‐based’ multistage sampling plan developed in Negrin et al. (Quality Engineering 2009; 21:306–318; Quality and Reliability Engineering International 2011; 27:3–14) accordingly. A simulation study was conducted to compare between the model‐based and the ‘not model‐based’ sampling plans. It is found that when R2 = 0, the model‐based and ‘not model‐based’ sampling plans require the same sample sizes in order to classify the lots. However, as R2 becomes larger, the sample size required by the model‐based sampling plan becomes smaller than the one required by the ‘not model‐based’ sampling plan. In addition, it is found that the reduction of the sample size achieved by the model‐based sampling plan becomes more significant as Cpk tends to 1 and can be achieved without increasing the proportion of the classification errors. Finally, the suggested sampling plan was applied with areal data set from a chemicals manufacturing process for illustration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the polarized infrared spectra of the hydrogen bond in 2‐furoic acid crystal dimer
Authors: Ghalla Houcine , Issaoui Noureddine , Oujia Brahim 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis work presents a theoretical simulation of νOH and νOD band shapes in the polarized infrared spectra of 2‐furoic acid dimer crystals measured at liquid‐nitrogen temperature. The line shapes are studied theoretically within the framework of the anharmonic couplings between low‐frequency hydrogen‐bond vibrations and degenerate excited states of high‐frequency hydrogen vibrations in hydrogen‐bonded dimers and the anharmonic coupling between the first excited state of the fast mode and the harmonics or band combinations of some low‐frequency bending modes, which lead to Fermi resonances.This approach takes into account the adiabatic approximation, the intrinsic anharmonicity of the low‐frequency mode through a Morse potential, Davydov coupling triggered by resonance exchange between the excited states of the fast modes of the two hydrogen bonds involved in the cyclic dimer, and the direct and indirect damping of the fast‐stretching modes of the hydrogen bonds and of the bending modes. The infrared spectral density was calculated within the linear response theory by Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the transition dipole moment operator of the fast mode. Numerical results show that mixing of all these effects allows satisfactory reproduction of the main features of the experimental IR line shapes of crystalline H‐ and D‐bonded 2‐furoic acid at liquid‐nitrogen temperature and for different polarizations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Theoretical study of the effects of substitution, solvation, and structure on the interaction between nitriles and methanol
Authors: Raissi Heidar , Farzad Farzaneh , Nadim Emad Saleh , Yoosefian Mehdi , Farsi Hossein , Nowroozi Alireza , Loghmaninejad Danial 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report an investigation on intermolecular interactions in RCN···HOCH3(R = H, CH3, F, Cl, NO2, OH, SH, SCH3, CHO, COCH3, CH2Cl, CH2F, CH2OH, CH2COOH, CF3, SCOCH3, SCF3, OCHF2, CH2CF3, CH2OCH3, and CH2CH2OH) complexes using density functional theory. The calculations were conducted on B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory for optimization of geometries of complexes and monomers. An improper hydrogen bonding (HB) in the H3COH···NCR complexes was observed in that N atom of the nitriles functions acts as a proton acceptor. Furthermore, quantum theory of “Atoms in Molecules” (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) method were applied to analyze H‐bond interactions in respective complexes. The electron density (ρ) and Laplacian (∇2ρ) properties, estimated by atoms in molecules calculations, indicate that H···N bond possesses low ρ and positive ∇2ρ values, which are in agreement with partially covalent character of the HBs, whereas OH bonds have negative ∇2ρ values. In addition, the weak intermolecular force due to dipole–dipole interaction (U) is also considered for analysis. The examination of HB in these complexes by quantum theory of NBO method fairly supports the ab initio results. Natural population analysis data, the electron density, and Laplacian properties, as well as, the ν(OH) and γ(OH) frequencies of complexes, calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory, are used to evaluate the HB interactions. The calculated geometrical parameters and conformational analysis in water phase solution show that the H3COH···NCR complexes in water are more stable than that in gas phase. The obtained results demonstrated a strong influence of the R substituent on the properties of complexes. Numerous correlations between topological, geometrical, thermodynamic properties, and energetic parameters were also found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
A hypergraph blow‐up lemma
Authors: Keevash Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe obtain a hypergraph generalisation of the graph blow‐up lemma proved by Komlós, Sarközy and Szemerédi, showing that hypergraphs with sufficient regularity and no atypical vertices behave as if they were complete for the purpose of embedding bounded degree hypergraphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 275–376, 2011
Fetal hemodynamic development in macrosomic growth
Authors: Ebbing C. , Rasmussen S. , Kiserud T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the venous and arterial hemodynamics underlying macrosomic fetal growth.MethodsFifty‐eight healthy women who previously had given birth to a large neonate were included in a prospective longitudinal study. Of these, 29 gave birth to neonates with birth weight ≥ 90th percentile and were included in the statistical analysis. Umbilical vein blood flow and Doppler measurements of the ductus venosus, left portal vein and the hepatic, splenic, superior mesenteric, cerebral and umbilical arteries were repeated at 3–5 examinations during the second half of pregnancy and compared with the corresponding reference values. Ultrasound biometry was used to estimate fetal weight.ResultsUmbilical blood flow increased faster in macrosomic fetuses, showed less blunting near term and was also significantly higher when normalized for estimated fetal weight (P < 0.0001). The portocaval perfusion pressure of the liver (expressed by the ductus venosus systolic blood velocity) and the left portal vein blood velocity (expressing umbilical venous distribution to the right liver lobe) were significantly higher. Systolic velocity was higher in the splenic, superior mesenteric, cerebral and umbilical arteries, while the pulsatility index was unaltered in the cerebral, hepatic, splenic and mesenteric arteries, but lower in the umbilical artery.ConclusionsThere is an augmented umbilical flow in macrosomic fetuses particularly near term, also when normalized for estimated fetal weight, providing increased liver perfusion, including the right liver lobe. Signs of increased vascular cross section and flow are also seen on the arterial side but not expressed in the pulsatility index of organs with prominent auto‐regulation (i.e. brain, liver, spleen and gut). Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Studies of Some Compounds Containing C2 Fragments Attached to Various Metal‐Ligand End‐Groups
Authors: Bruce Michael I. , Gaudio Maryka , Hall Benjamin C. , Nicholson Brian K. , Perkins Gary J. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe preparation, characterisation and single‐crystal XRD molecular structure determinations of four complexes containing –CC–MLn end‐groups, namely Ru{C≡CFc′(I)}(dppe)Cp (1), the vinylidene [Os(=C=CH2)(PPh3)2Cp]PF6 (2), trans‐Pt(C≡CC6H4‐4‐C≡CPh){C≡CC6H4‐4‐C2Ph[Co2(μ‐dppm)(CO)4]}(PPh3)2 (3), and C6H4{μ3‐C2[AuRu3(CO)9(PPh3)]}2‐1,4 (4) are reported. In these compounds a range of –CC– environments is found, extending from the σ‐bonded alkynyl group in 1 to examples where the C2 unit interacts with either a proton (in vinylidene 2), by bridging a dicobalt carbonyl moiety (in 3) or the AuRu3 cluster in 4. Changes in geometry are rationalised by considering the various bonding modes.
Silver(I) Complexes with Dithioether Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Ying , Gao Dong‐Zhao , Zhang Xin , Sun Ya‐Qiu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo new dithioether ligands, 1,4‐bis[(phenylsulfanyl)methyl]naphthalene (L1), and 4,4′‐bis[(tert‐butylsulfanyl)methyl]biphenyl (L2) were synthesized and their silver(I) complexes were studied. Both AgI complexes, [AgL1(NO3)]n (1) and [AgL2(NO3)]2 (2), were synthesized at ambient temperature and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis shows that complex 1 has a one‐dimensional helical chain structure with the neutral repeating unit [Ag(μ2‐L1)(NO3)], whereas complex 2 has a centrosymmetrical neutral dinuclear structure. Moreover, complexes 1 and 2 are further extended into three‐dimensional supramolecular frameworks by hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, respectively. In addition, complexes 1 and 2 display strong blue emission in the solid state at room temperature.
Prospective, Controlled, Randomized Study of Intraoperative Colonic Lavage Versus Stent Placement in Obstructive Left‐sided Colonic Cancer
Authors: Alcántara M. , Serra‐Aracil X. , Falcó J. , Mora L. , Bombardó J. , Navarro S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe main aim of this study was to compare short‐term results and long‐term outcomes of patients who underwent intraoperative colonic lavage (IOCL) with primary anastomosis with those who had stent placement prior to scheduled surgery for obstructive left‐sided colonic cancer (OLCC).MethodsWe conducted a prospective, controlled, randomized study of patients diagnosed with OLCC. Patients were divided into two groups: stent and deferred surgery (group 1) and emergency IOCL (group 2). Demographic variables, risk prediction models, postoperative morbidity and mortality, staging, complications due to stent placement, surgical time, clinical follow‐up, health costs, and follow‐up of survival were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (15 group 1 and 13 group 1) were enrolled. The study was suspended upon detecting excess morbidity in group 2. The two groups were homogeneous in clinical and demographic terms. Overall morbidity in group 1 was 2/15 (13.3%) compared with 7/13 (53.8%) in group 2 (p = 0.042). None of the 15 patients in group 1 presented anastomotic dehiscence compared with 4/13 (30.7%) in group 2 (p = 0.035). Surgical site infection was detected in 2 (13.3%) patients in group 1 and in 6 (46.1%) in group 2 (p = 0.096). Postoperative stay was 8 days (IQR 3, group 1) and 10 days (IQR 10, group 2) (p = 0.05). The mean follow‐up period was 37.6 months (SD = 16.08) with no differences in survival between the groups.ConclusionIn our setting, the use of a stent and scheduled surgery is safer than IOCL and is associated with lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and equally good long‐term survival.
A complete deficiency of Hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1 (HYAL1) presenting as familial juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Imundo Lisa , LeDuc Charles A. , Guha Saurav , Brown Marc , Perino Giorgio , Gushulak Lara , Triggs‐Raine Barbara , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe describe a single consanguineous family with three affected children exhibiting knee and/or hip pain associated with swelling. Detailed clinical evaluation demonstrated diffuse joint involvement with an unusual proliferative synovitis on MRI. Synovial biopsies were notable for an infiltration of macrophages with abundant cytoplasm filled with faintly basophilic vacuoles. We used homozygosity mapping with a panel of 262,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify a homozygous stretch of 40.52 Mb on chromosome 3p22.3 – 3p13 that segregated with the arthropathy in the family. Of the 378 genes in the interval, the three hyaluronoglucosaminidase genes were considered good candidates based on the phenotype. Dideoxy sequencing identified a homozygous deletion in HYAL1, c.104delT, resulting in a premature termination codon, p.Val35AlafsX25, found in all three affected children. Enzymatic analysis confirmed total HYAL1 deficiency in the three affected children. This confirms the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IX (MPS IX) which has only been described in a single patient to date. In contrast to the previously described MPS IX patient, our three patients display a phenotype limited to the joints, suggesting that this is the primary manifestation of HYAL1 deficiency.
Characterization of Crude Watermelon Seed Oil by Two Different Extractions Methods
Authors: de Conto Leilane Costa , Gragnani Marco Antonio Lefevre , Maus Diogo , Ambiel Hiria Cristina Ifanger , Chiu Ming Chih , Grimaldi Renato , Gonçalves Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to study the physical–chemical composition of the watermelon seed oil extracted by a mechanical process using an expeller and by a chemical process using hexane as the solvent. The watermelon seed oil had a high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. The two primary sterols were stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol, which corresponded to approximately 47 and 30% of the total phytosterols. The oil had a low tocopherol content (65.19 mg/kg for S and 73.19 mg/kg for E). Comparing the two extraction methods, extraction by expeller produced an oil of superior quality with respect to oxidative stability, carotenoids and Lovibond color. No significant differences were found between the two extraction methods with respect to the minor components of the oil considered as functional, such as phytosterols.
A coupled chemotaxis-fluid model: Global existence
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Lorz Alexander 
Published: May 2011

We consider a model arising from biology, consisting of chemotaxis equations coupled to viscous incompressible fluid equations through transport and external forcing. Global existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem is investigated under certain conditions. Precisely, for the chemotaxis–Navier–Stokes system in two space dimensions, we obtain global existence for large data. In three space dimensions, we prove global existence of weak solutions for the chemotaxis–Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion for the cell density.

Résumé
Nous considérons un modèle provenant de la biologie, composé dʼéquations de chimiotactisme couplées aux équations de fluide visqueux incompressible par le transport et le forçage externe. Lʼexistence globale des solutions du problème de Cauchy est étudiée sous certaines conditions. Précisément, pour le système chimiotactisme–Navier–Stokes en deux dimensions dʼespace, nous obtenons lʼexistence globale pour des données grandes. En trois dimensions dʼespace, nous démontrons lʼexistence globale des solutions faibles pour le système chimiotactisme–Stokes avec une diffusion non-linéaire de la densité des cellules.