bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macromol. Symp. 283–284
Authors: Licea‐Claveríe Angel , Alvarez‐Sánchez Jesús , Picos‐Corrales Lorenzo A. , Obeso‐Vera Claudia , Flores Mercedes C. , Cornejo‐Bravo José Manuel , Hawker Craig J. , Frank Curtis W. 
Published: September 2009

Cover: The inaugural US‐Mexico Symposium on Advances in Polymer Science, MACROMEX 2008, took place in Los Cabos, Mexico. This first bi‐national conference was the result of a joint effort of the Mexican Polymer Society and the Polymer Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society.The cover is taken from the article of A. Licea‐Claveríe et al., p. 56, and shows the synthetic scheme for the preparation of polymeric stars with polyNIPAAm arms and crosslinked core by use of the RAFT‐methodology.
An open‐label conversion study of pramipexole to ropinirole prolonged release in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lyons Kelly E. , Pahwa Rajesh 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRopinirole prolonged release (PR) is a once daily oral dopamine agonist approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The goal of this 4 week, open‐label study was to determine the most effective conversion ratio with the fewest adverse effects (AEs) when switching from pramipexole to ropinirole PR. Sixty patients with PD taking pramipexole were converted overnight to ropinirole PR at ratios of 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 such that 20 consecutive subjects were enrolled in each group. Ropinirole PR dose adjustments were allowed to maintain efficacy or to reduce AEs. An overnight switch from pramipexole to ropinirole PR was found to be well tolerated and AEs were typical for a dopamine agonist. The most common AEs were worsening of PD symptoms, dizziness, somnolence, and nausea, the majority of which resolved after dose adjustments. Thirteen subjects discontinued ropinirole PR before 4 weeks. These subjects were taking a significantly greater dose of pramipexole, the majority greater than 4 mg/day, and tended to have longer disease durations. A conversion ratio of 1 mg of pramipexole to 4 mg of ropinirole PR resulted in the fewest discontinuations of ropinirole PR, the fewest dose adjustments and the largest percentage of subjects that preferred ropinirole PR. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder in the transition to degenerative disease
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Gagnon Jean‐Francois , Vendette Melanie , Montplaisir Jacques Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIdiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) predicts Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia. However, the nature of the disease that emerges from RBD has not been fully characterized. Since 2004, we have been conducting a prospective study of idiopathic RBD patients, providing an opportunity to directly observe patients as they transitioned to a defined neurodegenerative syndrome. Patients with idiopathic RBD underwent an extensive annual evaluation of motor function, olfaction, color vision, autonomic function, cognition and psychiatric symptoms. Neurodegenerative disease was defined according to standard criteria. We compared these measures in patients who had developed PD to those with dementia, all within the first year of developing disease. Of 67 patients, 6 developed PD and eleven developed dementia. Except for cognitive functioning, all tests of olfaction, color vision, autonomic function, depression, and quantitative measures of motor speed were similar in patients with PD and dementia. Of dementia patients, seven met criteria for probable Lewy body dementia (LBD) and four for Alzheimer's disease (or, possible LBD). In all probable LBD cases, the diagnosis was made because of parkinsonism, with no patient experiencing hallucinations or fluctuations. Patients with “Alzheimer's disease” seemed to have LBD, as they demonstrated typical LBD cognitive profiles on neuropsychological testing and were indistinguishable from LBD patients in ancillary measures. Therefore, among RBD patients with new‐onset LBD, hallucinations or fluctuations are absent, suggesting that RBD is a reliable early sign of LBD. The indistinguishability of dementia and PD in all ancillary measures suggests a single unitary “RBD‐then‐neurodegeneration” process, the clinical presentation of which depends upon selective neuronal vulnerability. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Modulation of ascorbic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 induction revealed by metabonomics and transcriptional profiling
Authors: Aranibar Nelly , Bhaskaran Vasanthi , Ott Karl‐Heinz , Vassallo Jeff , Nelson David , Lecureux Lloyd , Gong Lei , Stryker Steve , Lehman‐McKeeman Lois 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the present study, NMR‐based urinary metabonomic profiles resulting from dosing with widely recognized microsomal enzyme inducers were evaluated in male rats. Wistar or Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed daily by oral gavage with phenobarbital (PB; 100 mg/kg), diallyl sulfide (DAS; 500 mg/kg), the investigational compound DMP‐904 (150 mg/kg), or β‐naphthoflavone (BNF; 100 mg/kg) for 4 days, and urine was collected daily for analysis. Compounds known to increase cytochrome P450 2B enzymes, including PB, DAS and DMP‐904, increased the urinary excretion of gulonic and ascorbic acid in a time‐dependent manner, reaching a maximum following 3–4 days of dosing. In contrast, BNF, an agent that induces primarily Cyp1A enzymes, did not increase gulonic or ascorbic acid excretion, despite inducing Cyp1A1 more than 200‐fold. Given the metabonomic results, hepatic transcriptional changes in the regulation of ascorbic acid biosynthesis were determined by RT‐PCR. All Cyp2B inducers increased hepatic mRNA levels of aldo‐keto reductase 1A1, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of gulonic acid from glucuronate with concurrent decreased expression of both regucalcin (Rgn), the enzyme responsible for conversion of gulonic acid to gulono‐1, 4‐lactone and gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo), the rate‐limiting enzyme in ascorbate biosynthesis. These effects would be expected to increase levels of gulonic acid. In addition, Cyp2B inducers also increased hepatic expression of enzymes regulating ascorbic acid reutilization including glutaredoxin reductase (Glrx2) and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd1). In contrast, BNF did not effect hepatic expression of any enzyme regulating gulonic or ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Thus, some microsomal enzyme inducers alter transcriptional regulation of ascorbic acid biosynthesis, and these changes are detected by noninvasive metabonomic profiling. However, not all microsomal enzyme inducers appear to alter ascorbic acid metabolism. Finally, the work illustrates how metabonomic results can direct additional studies to determine the biochemical mechanisms underlying changes in urinary metabolite excretion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOSY NMR applied to analysis of flavonoid glycosides from Bidens sulphurea
Authors: Rodrigues Edilene Delphino , da Silva Denise Brentan , de Oliveira Dionéia Camilo Rodrigues , da Silva Gil Valdo José 
Published: September 2009

Abstract2D DOSY 1H NMR has proved to be a useful technique in the identification of the molecular skeleton of the four major compounds of ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae). The combination of this technique with HPLC, mass spectrometry and other NMR techniques enabled the identification of four flavonoid glycosides: quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glycopyranoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐rhamnopyranoside. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐ganglioside autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lucchetta Marta , Rudilosso Salvatore , Costa Silvana , Bruttomesso Daniela , Ruggero Susanna , Toffanin Elisabetta , Faggian Diego , Plebani Mario , Battistin Leontino , Alaedini Armin , Briani Chiara 
Published: September 2009

AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is accompanied by an immune response against pancreatic cells. As gangliosides are expressed in both peripheral nerves and pancreatic cells, we examined the possibility of correlation between type 1 diabetes, anti‐ganglioside autoantibodies, and neuropathy. Fifty diabetic patients and 30 controls with other autoimmune diseases underwent neurological examination and search for antibodies to gangliosides, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and tyrosine phosphatase (IA2). Sixteen (32%) diabetic patients had neuropathy. Twelve diabetic sera were found to have anti‐ganglioside autoantibodies. Twenty sera were positive for anti‐GAD65 and nine for anti‐IA2 antibody. Sera from three control patients had anti‐ganglioside autoantibodies. No significant correlation was found between autoantibodies, neuropathy, and disease duration. Disease duration was shorter in patients with antibodies to GAD65 and IA2 and longer in neuropathic patients. The higher prevalence of antibodies in diabetic patients compared to controls may reflect the common pattern of antigens shared by peripheral nerve and pancreatic islet cells. Muscle Nerve, 2009
C‐fiber function assessed by the laser doppler imager flare technique and acetylcholine iontophoresis
Authors: Green Alistair Q. , Krishnan Singhan T. , Rayman Gerry 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVasodilation induced by both acetylcholine iontophoresis (ACh Ionto) and the laser Doppler flare technique (LDIFT) can be used to measure small‐fiber function. The aim of this study was to compare the neurogenic nature of these methods. ACh Ionto and the LDIFT were performed on 10 controls, with and without local anesthetic cream. The local anesthetic cream blocks the axon reflex; thus, by determining the ratio of hyperemic area to stimulus area before and after anesthesia, the neurogenic nature of the hyperemia can be determined. The ratio of hyperemic area to stimulus area was significantly reduced by local anesthesia in the LDIFT [ratio (mean ± SD): 2.33 ± 0.67 with local anesthesia; 6.84 ± 1.33 without local anesthesia; P < 0.0001], whereas this ratio was unaffected by local anesthesia in the ACh Ionto group (2.61 ± 0.57 with local anesthesia; 2.67 ± 1.27 without local anesthesia). This study confirms that the LDIFT measures small‐fiber function. In contrast, hyperemia elicited by ACh Ionto outside the capsule is not blocked by local anesthesia and is thus non‐neurogenic. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Campylobacter jejuni abscess, encephalomyelitis, and acute polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Kamm Christian Philipp , Keserue Borbala , Humpert Sebastian , Wiest Roland , Nedeltchev Krassen , Hess Christian Walter , Arnold Marcel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report an unusual case of spinal epidural Campylobacter jejuni abscess associated with acute polyradiculoneuropathy and parainfectious encephalomyelitis. Decompressive surgery, antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, and intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in rapid clinical improvement. C. jejuni infection can cause both an acute polyradiculoneuropathy as well as an encephalomyelitis, and a combined occurrence is possible. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Consensus statement: The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular conditions report of the aanem AD HOC committee
Authors: Donofrio Peter D. , Berger Alan , Brannagan Thomas H. , Bromberg Mark B. , Howard James F. , Latov Normal , Quick Adam , Tandan Rup 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic biologic agent that has been prescribed for over two decades to treat various neuromuscular conditions. Most of the treatments are given off‐label, as little evidence from large randomized trials exists to support its use. Recently, IGIV‐C has received an indication for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Because of the lack of evidence, an ad hoc committee of the AANEM was convened to draft a consensus statement on the rational use of IVIG for neuromuscular disorders. Recommendations were categorized as Class I–IV based on the strength of the medical literature. Class I evidence exists to support the prescription of IVIG to treat patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), CIDP, multifocal motor neuropathy, refractory exacerbations of myasthenia gravis, Lambert–Eaton syndrome, dermatomyositis, and stiff person syndrome. Treatment of Fisher syndrome, polymyositis, and certain presumed autoimmune neuromuscular disorders is supported only by Class IV studies, whereas there is no convincing data to substantiate the treatment of inclusion body myopathy (IBM), idiopathic neuropathies, brachial plexopathy, or diabetic amyotrophy using IVIG. Treatment with IVIG must be administered in the context of its known adverse effects. There is little evidence to advise the clinician on the proper dosing of IVIG and duration of therapy. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Relief from episodic weakness with pyridostigmine in paramyotonia congenita: A family study
Authors: Khadilkar Satish V. , Singh R.K. , Mansukhani K.A. , Urtizberea J.A. , Sternberg D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPyridostigmine relieved episodic weakness in a family with paramyotonia congenita resulting from the R1448C mutation in the sodium channel gene. The transmission was autosomal dominant and the patients had paradoxical myotonia and exercise‐induced weakness. On electrophysiological studies there were myotonic potentials, and there was progressive reduction of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes after short exercise associated with clinical weakness. Pyridostigmine in doses of 60 mg three times daily abolished the drop in the postexercise CMAP amplitude and reduced the amplitude decrement to slow rate repetitive stimulation, but there continued to be a drop in amplitude on exposure to cold. The decline of the CMAP amplitude on exposure to cold was controlled by treatment with phenytoin. The clinical and electrophysiological features are discussed in relation to therapy with pyridostigmine and phenytoin. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Normalization reduces the spatial dependency of the jaw‐stretch reflex activity in the human masseter muscle
Authors: Koutris Michail , Naeije Machiel , Lobbezoo Frank , Wang Kelun , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Svensson Peter , Farina Dario 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe jaw‐stretch reflex is the short‐latency response in the jaw‐closing muscles after a sudden stretch. The hypothesis whether normalization of the jaw‐stretch reflex amplitude with respect to prestimulus electromyographic (EMG) activity will make the amplitude more independent of the location of the electrodes over the masseter muscle was tested. A 5 × 6 electrode grid was used to record the jaw‐stretch reflex from 25 sites over the right masseter muscle of 15 healthy men. The results showed that there was a significant site dependency of the prestimulus EMG activity and the reflex amplitude. High cross‐correlation coefficients were found between the spatial distribution of mean prestimulus EMG activities and reflex amplitude. When the reflex amplitude was normalized with respect to the prestimulus EMG activity, no site dependency was found. In conclusion, normalization of the jaw‐stretch reflex amplitude by the prestimulus EMG activity strongly reduces its spatial dependency. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Heteronymous Ia‐afferent connections in the upper limb following stroke
Authors: Lewis Gwyn N. , McNair Peter J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSynergistic arm movement patterns are common following stroke and may arise through enhanced spinally mediated reflex connections between muscles. Our goal was to investigate the excitability of heteronymous Ia‐afferent pathways in people with chronic stroke. Responses to tendon taps of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle were recorded in FCR, biceps brachii (BB), and middle deltoid (MD) of 13 people with stroke and 13 controls. Heteronymous reflexes were elicited in BB and MD in some, but not all, stroke and control subjects. The prevalence and size of the heteronymous responses were not significantly different between groups. Homonymous reflex responses in FCR were significantly larger in the stroke group. We found that the excitability of heteronymous Ia‐mediated pathways from FCR to BB and MD muscles is not enhanced following stroke, despite exaggerated homonymous reflexes, and they are therefore not likely to contribute to coactivation of forearm and more proximal upper limb muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Ultrasonographic Tinel sign
Authors: Chipman Joseph N. , Mott Ryan T. , Stanton Constance A. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHigh‐resolution ultrasound has become increasingly useful in the evaluation of peripheral nerves. As we have gained experience, clinically helpful ultrasonographic signs have been detected. One of these is the ultrasonographic Tinel sign, in which paresthesias are produced when the transducer compresses a nerve lesion. This sign has not been previously described. We present a case in which the ultrasonographic Tinel sign helped accurately guide a nerve biopsy in a woman with mononeuritis multiplex. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Relationship of Q‐sweat to quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) volumes
Authors: Sletten David M. , Weigand Stephen D. , Low Phillip A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQ‐Sweat, a commercial quantitative sweat measurement system, is modeled on quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART). This study investigated the sweat response using Q‐Sweat and Mayo‐QSART recordings under identical conditions in healthy normal controls. Ninety‐four participants were recruited for this study. All participants underwent randomized bilateral QSART recordings over the four standard recording regions. For both men and women, Wilcoxon signed rank tests of paired differences showed significantly lower volumes at each of the four sites for Q‐Sweat vs. Mayo‐QSART. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between Q‐Sweat and Mayo‐QSART volume measurements separately for men and women. Although there was variability about the regression lines, these fitted models can be used to estimate the expected Mayo‐QSART volume given an observed Q‐Sweat volume, although it is preferable to use the Q‐Sweat normative database directly. We hypothesize that the constant‐current generator used in conjunction with Q‐Sweat provides a less efficient iontophoresis of acetylcholine than the Mayo‐constructed constant‐current stimulator and results in lower volumes. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Impairment of upper trapezius branch of the spinal accessory nerve during bypass grafting: A stretch injury?
Authors: Keleş Zelal , Zinnuroğlu Murat , Beyazova Mehmet 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInternal jugular vein catheterization has been implicated in spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injuries after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Stretch injury due to prolonged positioning during CABG has also been proposed as another mechanism of injury. Herein we describe a male patient with left shoulder pain and abduction difficulty following CABG, who displayed electromyographic abnormalities confined to the left upper trapezius muscle. Internal jugular vein catheterization had not been performed during surgery. Although unusual, the possibility of upper trapezius muscular branch paralysis should be considered in patients with shoulder pain or weakness after CABG. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Hand construction of quadrifilar wire electrodes for electromyography
Authors: Ahmed Omar I. , Roark Rick M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractArray electrodes have become increasingly popular for making surface and indwelling electromyographic (EMG) recordings. We describe a method for in‐house construction of indwelling quadrifilar fine‐wire electrodes. Quadrifilar electrodes facilitate the mapping of vector myoelectric signatures of motoneuron firing activities of the motor nucleus, a procedure referred to as EMG decomposition. The finished electrode has four detectors, each 50 μm in diameter, arranged in a rhombus pattern. Motor unit recruitment and firing information are aids to better understanding control deficits and behaviors evidenced in the final common pathway of the central nervous system. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Involvement of PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway in stretch‐induced hypertrophy of myotubes
Authors: Sasai Nobuaki , Agata Nobuhide , Inoue‐Miyazu Masumi , Kawakami Keisuke , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Sokabe Masahiro , Hayakawa Kimihide 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSkeletal muscle cells are hypertrophied by mechanical stresses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Two signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt to target of rapamycin (TOR) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase kinase (MEK) to extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), have been proposed to be involved in muscle hypertrophy. In this study we examined the involvement of these pathways in primary cultures of chick skeletal myotubes subjected to passive cyclic stretching for 72 hours, a time that was sufficient to induce significant hypertrophy in our preparations. Hypertrophy was largely suppressed by wortmannin or rapamycin, inhibitors of PI3K or mTOR, respectively. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Akt was enhanced by stretching and suppressed by wortmannin. The MEK inhibitor, U0126, exerted a minimal influence on stretch‐induced hypertrophy. We found that cyclic stretching of myotubes activates the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway, resulting in muscle hypertrophy. The MEK/ERK pathway may contribute negatively to spontaneous hypertrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Determinants of cognitive impairment in elderly myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: Marra Camillo , Marsili Francesca , Quaranta Davide , Evoli Amelia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe relationship between myasthenia gravis (MG) and cognitive dysfunction has been a matter of debate because of the possible association between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) cholinergic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive function in a series of elderly MG patients in comparison to matched controls. In all, 100 consecutive MG patients aged over 60 years and 31 matched control subjects underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery to explore multiple cognitive domains. There were no differences in cognitive performances between patients and controls. Severe MG was associated with impaired attention, constructional praxis, and frontal control. Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction were independently associated with cognitive impairment. This study does not support the hypothesis of CNS cholinergic involvement in MG. The impairments of attention, memory, and control tasks in MG are related to general visual motor slowness and to the concomitant presence of other diseases. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Full SPH fluid–shell interaction for leakage simulation in explicit dynamics
Authors: Maurel B. , Potapov S. , Fabis J. , Combescure A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the modeling of fluid leakage through a shell in case of impact loading. The modeling of the fluid and the shell is based on SPH formulation. The proposed model is devoted to the prediction of failure of a shell filled with fluid. This paper is devoted to the numerical modeling of fluid–structure interaction. The pinballs technique is used for contact analysis. Numerical predictions are compared with analytical as well as with an original experiment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.