bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand l’identité de l’objet-frontière se construit chemin faisant
Authors: Granjou Céline , Arpin Isabelle 
Published: June 2009

Dans cet article, nous confrontons le modèle d’objet-frontière proposé par Star et Griesemer (1989) à un cas exemplaire de coordination entre le monde de la gestion de la nature et celui de la recherche académique : l’élaboration d’une estimation de l’effectif de la population de loups en France. Dans une première partie, nous voyons que cette élaboration constitue une entreprise collective, orchestrée par un acteur de la gestion de la nature : l’Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage, dans laquelle interviennent plusieurs acteurs, dont des laboratoires de recherche, que nous présentons et dont nous précisons les motivations et le rôle dans la chaîne de traitement des indices matériels de présence des loups recueillis sur le terrain. Nous observons que la mise en place d’une coordination entre ces acteurs ne les empêche pas de maintenir leurs communautés d’objectifs et de pratiques propres. Dans la deuxième partie, nous montrons que cette coordination repose sur un objet-frontière – le « poil » de loup –, et plus particulièrement sur son équipement (codes, conventions) au cours des différentes étapes de traitement : des « infrastructures invisibles » sont en effet attachées au « poil » de loup, qui sont transportées et transformées avec lui, et qui rendent possible son inscription dans des communautés de pratiques différentes et, au final, la production d’une estimation chiffrée du nombre de loups sur le sol français.
Objets-frontière à l’épreuve
Authors: Rémondet Martin 
Published: June 2009

Cet article analyse la constitution d’un collectif de recherche autour d’un essai clinique de thérapie génique à la lumière du concept d’objet-frontière. Il décrit les dimensions scientifiques, organisationnelles et réglementaires de la réalisation de l’essai et interroge la nature de l’objet-frontière, entre paillasse, clinique, patients et instances réglementaires que constitue cet essai. Il analyse ensuite la façon dont le collectif réuni autour de l’essai va être mis à l’épreuve suite à la survenue d’un « événement indésirable ». Propulsées sur la scène publique, soumises à interrogation de la part d’un collectif désormais étendu, la pertinence et la solidité de l’essai deviennent l’enjeu d’une nouvelle démonstration. L’article pointe ainsi vers la nécessité de prendre en compte, dans l’analyse des collectifs de recherche et des objets-frontières qui contribuent à les fonder, les propriétés de ces objets, leur capacité à bousculer et obliger les acteurs.
Gifted Children with Disabilities
Authors: Cline Starr , Hegeman Kathryn 
Published: June 2009

Gifted individuals are present in all segments of the population. Over the years, society has attempted to identify and meet the needs of children who are highly able. Certain populations have been under-represented in programs for the gifted. One such group includes individuals who are gifted and have a disability. Have we allowed preconceived notions of how disabilities affect cognition to negatively color our expectations causing individuals to remain invisible and become disenfranchised members of our society? Norman Kunc, who is a consultant and speaker on a wide range of educational, disability, and social justice issues, was born with cerebral palsy. As he relates his experiences growing up, we begin to see the messages being communicated that contribute to feelings of inadequacy.
External Barriers Experienced by Gifted and Talented Girls and Women
Authors: Reis Sally M. 
Published: June 2009

“I want my daughters to be beautiful, accomplished, and good; to be admired, loved, and respected; to have a happy youth, to be well and wisely married, and to lead useful, pleasant lives, with as little care and sorrow to try them as God sees fit to send. To be loved and chosen by a good man is the best and sweetest thing which can happen to a woman, and I sincerely hope my girls may know this beautiful experience.” —Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
Using the Web for Social Studies Enrichment
Authors: McCoach D. Betsy 
Published: June 2009

when I wanted to enrich the social studies curriculum, I needed additional materials to supplement the textbook. I made endless trips to the public library to find supplementary resources. When my students participated in National History Day® or conducted other historical research, they often struggled to locate primarysource materials. Some students traveled to the Library of Congress or to national and university libraries. With the advent of the Internet, finding enrichment materials and primary source materials in history and the social sciences has become much easier. Primary source material is much more accessible since the Library of Congress and other institutes, museums, and libraries have begun to digitalize their collections. In addition, historical accounts, economic reports, maps, political commentaries, and demographic information abound on the Internet. Now, instead of going to the library, I log onto to the Internet first.
Problem Solving and Gifted Education: A Differentiated Fifth-Grade Fantasy Unit
Authors: Smith Kenneth , Weitz Michele 
Published: June 2009

Imagine three types of students in your classroom. One student is a traditional “schoolhouse” gifted student who tests well, picks up new concepts quickly, and displays an overall interest and aptitude for established academics. Another student is a nontraditional gifted student who has an extremely high intellect, but does not perform well in traditional tasks, and who reasons better when allowed to study and perform in a way that fosters a nontraditional style. A third student is one who has particular strengths or interests within an array of personal abilities, but may not be viewed as gifted on recognized measures. How can a literature unit be designed to provide for the special needs of these three kinds of students? Renzulli's (1998) schoolwide enrichment and Tomlinson's (1995, 1999) differentiated instruction models, combined with research in problem solving (Bereiter, Burtis, & Scardamalia, 1988; McCutchen, 1986; Smith, 1995; Wineburg, 1991), inspired the fifth-grade teachers at Sunset Ridge School in Northfield, IL, to design a unit on fantasy that did just that. The unit had two overlapping segments. First, students worked in small groups exploring a novel to learn the germane content and genre characteristics. Then, students regrouped to refine and apply what they had learned to a variety of open-ended problems—in the process, creating a representation of their knowledge to share with other students. In all parts of the unit, instruction was differentiated to foster individual strengths, creativity, and interests.
Mathematically Gifted Students: How Can We Meet Their Needs?
Authors: Rotigel Jennifer V. , Fello Susan 
Published: June 2009

Today, as usual, Mrs. Johnson began her 3rd-grade math class by reading aloud a thinking puzzle: Charlie, the dog, was tied to a 2-meter rope. His favorite ball was lying in the grass at least 10 yards away from him. He managed to grasp the ball easily. How did he manage to do this? Nathan's hand flew into the air just microseconds after his teacher finished posing the question. While his classmates were pondering the problem, Nathan had already formulated the answer. Surprising even Mrs. Johnson, Nathan immediately found the lateral thinking puzzle required little effort and absolutely no math. While other students were converting meters to yards, moving decimal points, and drawing pictures, Nathan realized that the other end of the rope was not attached to anything; the dog merely had a 2-meter rope tied to his collar, but was not tethered at all.
Spirit and Opportunity: Re-Exploring Giftedness and Parents' Expanding Directive Role
Authors: Haensly Patricia 
Published: June 2009

Spirit and Opportunity have recently captured the attention of many of us as they rove the surface of Mars to help us find out whether life once existed on that distant planet and, if so, how such life opportunities might be resurrected for the benefit of present-day humankind. It is exciting to observe on television the enthusiasm of NASA's interplanetary space scientists who invented, constructed, and now implemented those space-exploring mechanical rovers to do that task.
Elements in the Eyes of a 4-Year-Old
Authors: Hu Xuan 
Published: June 2009

My husband is a scientist. He often brings home different scientific journals and magazines to read, and my 4-year-old son, Nicholas J. Hu, likes to flip through them. A recent issue of Chemical and Engineering News (September, 2003) caught his interest more than usual because there were stories of different elements. Nicholas has been able to recognize elements for more than a year now. He knows some facts about common elements such as oxygen (O), calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H).
Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs: Optimal Learning Environments for Talented Minorities?
Authors: Kyburg Robin M. , Hertberg-Davis Holly , Callahan Carolyn M. 
Published: June 2009

The racial, ethnic, linguistic, and economic diversity within urban areas necessitates the creation of scholastic environments that are responsive to the varying academic and social needs of the student population. This qualitative study investigates ways in which teacher and administrator behavior and the school environment contribute to the successes or frustrations of minority students in AP and IB courses. Classroom observations and interviews with 9 administrators, 4 counselors, 43 teachers, and 75 students in 3 urban high schools revealed that consistent, broad-based support scaffolds learning experiences for students, enabling them to experience success and to develop confidence in taking on new challenges in college. Two key factors seemed to be integral to creating environments that nurture the growth of academic talent among students of diverse backgrounds: (a) a pervasive and consistent belief that these students could succeed, which resulted in instructional and group support; and (b) scaffolding to support and challenge able students (e.g., extracurricular help, lunchtime discussion forums, subsidized college visits). Teachers found ways to flexibly tailor their support and expectations to individual student needs in terms of product and performance expectations and the kind of help that was provided.
The Delights and Dilemmas of the Musically Talented Teenager
Authors: Haroutounian Joanne 
Published: June 2009

The profiles of musically talented teenagers include the self-taught jazz or pop musicians who easily compose and perform in professional-like settings, as well as the deftly trained classical performers who have experienced numerous competitions and study with a master teacher. Effective identification and programming for these musically talented students presents a healthy challenge to gifted education. The gifted field's renewed focus on artistic talent development will require an examination of differentiated curricular choices that can uniquely serve the needs of musically talented students. This article presents an overview of the different phases of musical talent development, focusing on the intermediate to advanced phases which usually coincide with secondary school. Aspects of talent development that occur beyond the school walls need to be understood and considered in developing differentiated curriculum for these students. This includes the essential role of parent, private teacher, and practice in the development of musical talent. Dilemmas facing the musical teenager may include competition-oriented instruction that does not allow interpretive exploration; the problem of time management for both advanced musical study and academic achievement; and the difficulty of finding challenging experiences to nurture their talent within the school curriculum. Recommended ways to differentiate curriculum include: student designed independent study contracts connecting the school with community resources such as private music teachers; interdisciplinary options linking music with academics or other arts; and musical coursework that extends beyond performance.
High Ability, Rural, and Poor: Lessons From Project Aspire and Implications for School Counselors
Authors: Cross Tracy L. , Burney Virginia H. 
Published: June 2009

This article describes a grant-funded effort to improve the lives of academically able middle and high school students living in rural poverty. The program, Project Aspire, attempts to increase the number of these children in the most rigorous math and science coursework available in their schools. To that end, Project Aspire assists 14 school corporations by helping faculty in those settings increase the level of rigor of their courses and by offering Advanced Placement (AP) courses through multiple platforms of distance education technologies. A primary component of the project is the attempt to assist the school counselors’ work with their students, in hopes that the students’ lives will be improved. To prepare the counselors, ongoing training has been provided. This paper reports an analysis of the ideas and experiences shared during the lengthy training sessions with 21 school counselors. From the analysis and a literature review, the authors offer in three tables concise information for effectively working with high-ability middle and high school students living in rural poverty.
Solvent‐Free Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Mesoscopic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIonic liquids have been identified as a new class of solvent that offers opportunities to move away from the traditional solvents. The physical‐chemical properties of ionic liquids can be tuned and controlled by tailoring their structures. The typical properties of ionic liquids, such as non‐volatility, electrochemical stability and high conductivity, render them attractive as electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cells. However, the high viscosity of ionic liquids leads to mass transport limitations on the photocurrents in the solar cells at full sunlight intensity, but the contribution of a Grotthous‐type exchange mechanism in these viscous electrolytes helps to alleviate these diffusion problems. This article discusses recent developments in the field of high‐performance dye‐sensitized solar cells with ionic liquid‐based electrolytes and their characterization by electrochemical impedance analysis.
Reactive transport parameter estimation: Genetic algorithm vs. Monte carlo approach
Authors: Majdalani Samer , Fahs Marwan , Carrayrou Jérôme , Ackerer Philippe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article concerns reactive transport in porous media with an emphasis on the optimization of the chemical parameters. The transport of Cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT) in column experiments were used as test cases. The reactive transport model is described by a set of chemical reactions with equilibrium constants as the main adjustable parameters. As such a problem is highly nonlinear and can have multiple minima, global parameter estimation methods are more suitable than local gradient‐based methods. This article focuses on the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) in estimating chemical equilibrium parameters of a reactive transport model. The GA is capable of minimizing the difference between the measured and modeled breakthrough curves for both Cd and TBT. A comparison between GA and Monte‐Carlo approaches shows that the GA performance is better than the Monte‐Carlo, especially for a small number of evaluations of the cost function. The results of this study show that the use of GA to estimate the parameters of reactive transport models is promising. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Modeling and simulation of polymeric nanocapsule formation by emulsion diffusion method
Authors: Hassou M. , Couenne F. , le Gorrec Y. , Tayakout M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe objective of this work is to develop a predictive dynamical model of a nanoencapsulation process using an emulsion diffusion method. This model describes the formation of the polymeric membrane around the oil droplet and its size reduction due to the solvent diffusion. To this end, we assume that the phase separation is only due to purely diffusive mechanism. This work is illustrated on the formation of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) around the oily core formed of labrafac from the initial homogeneous polymer‐solvent‐nonsolvent solution (PCL, ethyl acetate, and labrafac). The polymeric membrane formation, the size reduction of the nanocapsule after the solvent diffusion, and the morphology of nanocapsules are experimentally investigated. It is shown that the results obtained in simulation from the dynamical model are in agreement with the experimental ones. The model is then used to predict the effect of the initial composition on the nanocapsule morphology. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
“Cloud‐like enhancement” is a magnetic resonance imaging abnormality specific to neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Ito Shoichi , Mori Masahiro , Makino Takahiro , Hayakawa Sei , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is presumably mediated by an autoantibody against aquaporin‐4 densely expressed at the blood‐brain barrier. In 18 patients with NMO, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were systematically reviewed. Brain MRI abnormalities were found for 89% of the patients, and the most prominent feature was “cloud‐like enhancement,” multiple patchy enhancing lesions with blurred margin, found in 90% of the patients with positive contrast enhancement. In NMO, brain MRI abnormalities are frequent, and cloud‐like enhancement appears to be an MRI finding specific to NMO, possibly caused by primary involvement of the blood‐brain barrier by the autoantibodies. Ann Neurol 2009;66:425–428
Glutamate receptor‐mediated ischemic injury of premyelinated central axons
Authors: Alix James J.P. , Fern Robert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveIschemic injury of axons is a feature of periventricular leukomalacia, a pathological correlate of cerebral palsy. Recent evidence suggests that axons are damaged before they receive the first layer of compact myelin. Here we examine the cellular mechanisms underlying ischemic‐type injury of premyelinated central axons.MethodsTwo‐thirds of axons in the postnatal day 10 (P10) rat optic nerve are small premyelinated axons (<0.4μm in diameter), and one‐third have undergone radial expansion in preparation for glial contact and the onset of myelination. Compound action potential recording and quantitative electron microscopy were used to examine the effect of modeled ischemia (oxygen‐glucose deprivation) upon these two axon populations. Glutamate receptor (GluR) expression was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunostaining approaches at the confocal light and ultrastructural levels.ResultsOxygen‐glucose deprivation produced action potential failure and focal breakdown of the axolemma of small premyelinated axons at sites of contact with oligodendrocyte processes, which were also disrupted. The resulting axon loss was Ca2+‐dependent, Na+‐ and Cl−‐independent, and required activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) and non‐NMDA GluRs. NMDA receptor expression was localized to oligodendrocyte processes at sites of contact with premyelinated axons, in addition to expression within compact myelin. No periaxonal NMDA receptor expression was observed on oligodendrocyte processes ensheathing large premyelinated axons and no protective effect of GluR block was observed in these axons.InterpretationNMDA receptor‐mediated injury to oligodendrocyte processes navigating along small premyelinated axons precedes damage to the underlying axon, a phenomena that is lost following radial expansion and subsequent oligodendrocyte ensheathment. Ann Neurol 2009;66:682–693
A disconnection account of Gerstmann syndrome: Functional neuroanatomy evidence
Authors: Rusconi Elena , Pinel Philippe , Eger Evelyn , LeBihan Denis , Thirion Bertrand , Dehaene Stanislas , Kleinschmidt Andreas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the functional neuroanatomy that could account for pure Gerstmann syndrome, which is the selective association of acalculia, finger agnosia, left‐right disorientation, and agraphia.MethodsWe used structural and functional neuroimaging at high spatial resolution in healthy subjects to seek a shared cortical substrate of the Grundstörung posited by Gerstmann, ie, a common functional denominator accounting for this clinical tetrad. We construed a functional activation paradigm that mirrors each of the four clinical deficits in Gerstmann syndrome and determined cortical activation patterns. We then applied fiber tracking to diffusion tensor images and used cortical activation foci in the four functional domains as seed regions.ResultsNone of the subjects showed parietal overlap of cortical activation patterns from the four cognitive domains. In every subject, however, the parietal activation patterns across all four domains consistently connected to a small region of subcortical parietal white matter at a location that is congruent with the lesion in a well‐documented case of pure Gerstmann syndrome.InterpretationOur functional neuroimaging findings are not in agreement with Gerstmann's postulate of damage to a common cognitive function underpinning clinical semiology. Our evidence from intact functional neuroanatomy suggests that pure forms of Gerstmann's tetrad do not arise from lesion to a shared cortical substrate but from intraparietal disconnection after damage to a focal region of subcortical white matter. Ann Neurol 2009;66:654–662
Effects of Fasting at Different Stages of Lighting Regimen on the Proliferation of Jejunal Epithelial Cells During Rat Pup Weaning
Authors: Soares Maria Albertina De Miranda , Okada Monica A. , Ayub Cristina Lucia Sant'Ana C. , Gomes JosÉ Rosa 
Published: June 2009

Abstract The lifespan of intestinal epithelial cells is predetermined by the process of cell proliferation that occurs constantly in the crypt. The control of this process involves some endogenous factors, such as hormones, as well as exogenous factors, like food and natural light variations. These last two exogenous factors seem to be the major modulators of the cell proliferation process. Fasting treatment was conducted to assess the role of food and its effect on the metaphase index (MI) of the intestinal epithelium at different times and periods (light and dark) of the day. The effects of short‐ (5 hr) and long‐term (25 hr) fasting on the MI in the jejunal epithelium of young rats were investigated at 09:00 h, 15:00 hr, 21:00 hr, and 02:00 hr using the arrested metaphases method. The present study demonstrates that 5 hr and 25 hr of fasting treatment decrease the MI at 09:00 hr. It was observed from MI analysis that there is an interaction between the fed/fasted status of the animal and the different times of the day. This result suggests that during the transition from youth to adulthood, the control of MI by the light/dark cycle seems to be more pronounced as compared with control by food intake at some periods of the day, although at other times food had a greater impact on the MI. Anat Rec, 292:955–959, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.