bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on transmission characteristics of large‐scale multihop wireless LAN using L2 routing
Authors: Miyashita Michifumi , Kurono Masahiro , Takada Jun‐ichi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTransmission characteristics of multihop wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11g) are degraded according to the number of hops due to the nature of multiple access control. To decrease the number of hops in a multihop network, a connecting node selection method according to the hop depth is evaluated. To prevent packet congestion due to flooding packets using the L3 routing method, the L2 routing method using only data link layer information such as received power is also evaluated. The maximum number of hops, which indicates the minimum throughput and maximum response time in the multihop network, is effectively decreased even under the condition of high repeater‐node density by using the number of hops together with the received power as the metrics, in comparison with the conventional metric of received power only. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(8): 1–9, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11394
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Tetrahydrofuran and 4‐Substituted Tetrahydropyran Derivatives by Cyclization of Dicarboxylic Acids with InBr3/TMDS
Authors: Pehlivan Leyla , Métay Estelle , Delbrayelle Dominique , Mignani Gérard , Lemaire Marc 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn efficient reduction followed by cyclization of diacid compounds with the InBr3/TMDS system is reported. This system allows the formation of five‐ and six‐membered ring ethers substituted in the 3‐ or 4‐position.
Frizzled homolog proteins, microRNAs and Wnt signaling in cancer
Authors: Ueno Koji , Hirata Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWnt signaling pathways play important roles in tumorigenesis and are initiated by binding of Wnt to various receptors including frizzleds (FZDs). FZDs are one of several families of receptors comprised of FZD/LRP/ROR2/RYK in the Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of some FZD receptors are up regulated, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway and is correlated with cancer malignancy and patient outcomes (recurrence and survival) in many cancers. The FZD family contains ten genes in humans and their function has not been completely examined including the regulatory mechanisms of FZD genes in cancer. Knockdown of FZDs may suppress the Wnt signaling pathway resulting in decreased cell growth, invasion, motility and metastasis of cancer cells. Recently a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified and reported to be important in several cancers. MiRNAs regulate target gene expression at both the transcription and translation levels. The study of miRNA is a newly emerging field and promises to be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of FZDs in cancer. In addition, miRNAs may be useful in regulating FZDs in cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge of the functional mechanisms of FZDs in cancer, including regulation by miRNAs and the potential for possible use of miRNAs and FZDs in future clinical applications.
Emergency ABO‐incompatible liver transplant secondary to fulminant hepatic failure: Outcome, role of TPE and review of the literature
Authors: Maitta Robert W. , Choate Jacquelyn , Emre Sukru H. , Luczycki Stephen M. , Wu YanYun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe increasing demand for solid organ transplants has brought to light the need to utilize organs in critical situations despite ABO‐incompatibility. However, these transplantations are complicated by pre‐existing ABO antibodies which may be potentially dangerous and makes the transplantation prone to failure due to rejection with resulting necrosis or intrahepatic biliary complications. We report the clinical outcome of an emergency ABO‐incompatible liver transplant (due to fulminant hepatic failure with sudden and rapidly deteriorating mental status) using a modified therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) protocol. The recipient was O‐positive with an initial anti‐B titer of 64 and the cadaveric organ was from a B‐positive donor. The patient underwent initial TPE during the peri‐operative period, followed by a series of postoperative daily TPE, and later a third series of TPE for presumptive antibody‐mediated rejection. The latter two were performed in conjunction with the use of IVIg and rituximab. The recipient's anti‐B titer was reduced and maintained at 8 or less 8 months post‐op. However, an elevation of transaminases 3 months post‐transplant triggered a biopsy which was consistent with cellular rejection and with weak C4d positive staining suggestive of antibody mediated rejection. Additional plasma exchange procedures were performed. The patient improved rapidly after modification of her immunosuppression regimen and treatment with plasma exchange. This case illustrates that prompt and aggressive plasma exchange, in conjunction with immunosuppression, is a viable approach to prevent and treat antibody mediated transplant rejection in emergency ABO‐incompatible liver transplant. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
G‐protein alpha subunits distribution in the cyprid of Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite) (Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Authors: Gallus Lorenzo , Ferrando Sara , Gambardella Chiara , Amaroli Andrea , Faimali Marco , Piazza Veronica , Masini Maria Angela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite is a marine crustacean with six nauplius and one cyprid larval stages and a sessile adult, that represent one of the main constituents of sea biofouling. The cyprid is the last larval stage, specialized for settlement, and the study of its biology is interesting also in the frame of antifouling strategies. In this study, a novel approach to the neurobiology of B. amphitrite cyprid has undertaken, studying immunohistochemically the distribution of some G‐protein α subunits (Gαs, Gαo Gαi, and Gαq) on B. amphitrite cyprid. Gαs‐like immunoreactivity was observed in the intestinal mucosa, oral cone, epithelial cells along the outer face of the mantle and thorax; Gαo into the fibers of the neuropile of the central nervous system; Gαi in oil cells, epithelial cells, and limbs and thorax muscles; Gαq was not detected. The results suggest the involvement of the G‐protein α subunits in different tissues and functions that seem to be in agreement with the distribution of the ones from the same class of G‐proteins in vertebrates. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactions of mustard plants and soil microorganisms after application of sugarcane filter cake and pea residues to an Andosol
Authors: Saifullah Khan Khalid , Castillo Xiomara , Wichern Florian , Dyckmans Jens , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn a pot experiment using a strongly P‐fixing Andosol from Nicaragua, the effects of sugarcane–filter cake application on the growth of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) were compared with those of 13C‐labeled pea residues. The application of pea residues led to a 50% increase and the application of filter cake to a 30% decrease in soil organic matter–derived microbial biomass C compared with the control. In contrast, the application of filter cake resulted in a four times higher content of substrate‐derived microbial biomass C than that of pea residues. The application of organic substrates generally increased microbial biomass N. Mustard growth led to significant increases in microbial biomass P in the control, but also in the organic‐amendment treatments, which always resulted in decreased microbial biomass C : P ratios. Mustard growth also led to increased contents of Bray‐1‐extractable P, but this increase was only significant in the filter cake treatment. The application of pea residues had no effect on the yield of shoot C, but a positive effect on the yield of root C in comparison with the nonamended control. In contrast, the application of filter cake significantly depressed yields of shoot C and root C, due to N immobilization, presumably due to the high concentration of lignin.
Polysiloxane‐Backbone Block Copolymers in a One‐Pot Synthesis: A Silicone Platform for Facile Functionalization
Authors: Boehm Paul , Mondeshki Mihail , Frey Holger 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBlock copolymers consisting exclusively of a silicon–oxygen backbone are synthesized by sequential anionic ring‐opening polymerization of different cyclic siloxane monomers. After formation of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block by butyllithium‐initiated polymerization of D3, a functional second block is generated by subsequent addition of tetramethyl tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D4V), resulting in diblock copolymers comprised a simple PDMS block and a functional poly(methylvinylsiloxane) (PMVS) block. Polymers of varying block length ratios were obtained and characterized. The vinyl groups of the second block can be easily modified with a variety of side chains using hydrosilylation chemistry to attach compounds with Si—H bond. Conversion of the hydrosilylation used for polymer modification was investigated.
Snowballing Radical Generation Leads to Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polymers
Authors: Laurino Paola , Hernandez Hugo F. , Bräuer Judith , Krüger Kathleen , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Tauer Klaus , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStyrene is the classical monomer obeying zero‐one kinetics in radical emulsion polymerization. Accordingly, particles that are less than 100 nm in diameter contain either one or no growing radical(s). We describe a unique photoinitiated polymerization reaction accelerated by snowballing radical generation in a continuous flow reactor. Even in comparison to classical emulsion polymerization, these unprecedented snowballing reactions are rapid and high‐yielding, with each particle simultaneously containing more than one growing radical. This is a consequence of photoinitiator incorporation into the nascent polymer backbone and repeated radical generation upon photo‐irradiation.
NSort/DB: An Intranuclear Compartment Protein Database
Authors: Willadsen Kai , Mohamad Nurul , Bodén Mikael 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Distinct substructures within the nucleus are associated with a wide variety of important nuclear processes. Structures such as chromatin and nuclear pores have specific roles, while others such as Cajal bodies are more functionally varied. Understanding the roles of these membraneless intra-nuclear compartments requires extensive data sets covering nuclear and compartment-associated proteins. NSort/DB is a database providing access to intra- or sub-nuclear compartment associations for the mouse nuclear proteome. Based on resources ranging from large-scale curated data sets to detailed experiments, this data set provides a high-quality set of annotations of non-exclusive association of nuclear proteins with structures such as promyelocytic leukaemia bodies and chromatin. The database is searchable by protein identifier or compartment, and has a documented web service API. The search interface, web service and data download are all freely available online at http://www.nsort.org/db/. Availability of this data set will enable systematic analyses of the protein complements of nuclear compartments, improving our understanding of the diverse functional repertoire of these structures.
Hidden realities: What women do when they want to terminate an unwanted pregnancy in Bolivia
Authors: Bury Louise , Aliaga Bruch Sandra , Machicao Barbery Ximena , Garcia Pimentel Franklin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore women's experience of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Bolivia, where nearly all induced abortions are carried out in clandestine, unregulated, and unsafe conditions.MethodsQualitative and quantitative research methods, including focus group discussions, in‐depth interviews and a structured survey of women of reproductive age, were used to explore the experience of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in poor urban areas of 5 Bolivian cities.ResultsOf the 1175 sexually experienced women surveyed, 13% reported having had an induced abortion. The methods they tried included surgical abortion, taking misoprostol, drinking herbal and chemical preparations, and inflicting physical trauma on themselves. Many women made multiple attempts before successfully terminating a pregnancy. Lack of knowledge and confusion about how to use misoprostol may have contributed to the complications that resulted in seeking postabortion care.ConclusionIncreased access to accurate information and counseling about abortion options are paramount if women are to make informed decisions and minimize health risks.
Women's experiences of and perspectives on abortion at public facilities in Mexico City three years following decriminalization
Authors: Olavarrieta Claudia Díaz , Garcia Sandra G. , Arangure Angélica , Cravioto Vanessa , Villalobos Aremis , AbiSamra Roula , Rochat Roger , Becker Davida 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the experiences of women undergoing legal first‐trimester abortion through Mexico City's Ministry of Health (MOH) services. Aims included comparing satisfaction with medical and surgical abortion services; drawing evidence‐based recommendations for program improvement; and measuring contraceptive uptake following abortion.MethodsA total of 350 women completed a 65‐item survey questionnaire at 2 main MOH abortion facilities. Moreover, a subset of 20 participated in an in‐depth interview. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate satisfaction with abortion care and in‐depth interview (IDI) data were analyzed.ResultsThe participants overwhelmingly reported satisfaction with the care they received, with no significant differences between the medical and surgical abortion groups. However, qualitative data revealed a need for a more sympathetic staff, reduced waiting times, more comprehensive information on surgical abortion, and counseling that includes psychosocial issues. Postabortion contraception uptake was high, with most women opting for the intrauterine device.ConclusionThe quantitative analysis suggests that although most women were satisfied with the services, some areas were identified as requiring improvement. The IDI data suggest that women wanted counseling to better address psychosocial needs and allow for discussion on a wider range of contraceptive methods.
Loading effects of anterior cervical spine fusion on adjacent segments
Authors: Wang Chien‐Shiung , Chang Jia‐Hao , Chang Ti‐Sheng , Chen Hung‐Yi , Cheng Ching‐Wei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAdjacent segment degeneration typically follows anterior cervical spine fusion. However, the primary cause of adjacent segment degeneration remains unknown. Therefore, in order to identify the loading effects that cause adjacent segment degeneration, this study examined the loading effects to superior segments adjacent to fused bone following anterior cervical spine fusion. The C3–C6 cervical spine segments of 12 sheep were examined. Specimens were divided into the following groups: intact spine (group 1); and C5–C6 segments that were fused via cage‐instrumented plate fixation (group 2). Specimens were cycled between 20° flexion and 15° extension with a displacement control of 1°/second. The tested parameters included the range of motion (ROM) of each segment, torque and strain on both the body and inferior articular process at the superior segments (C3–C4) adjacent to the fused bone, and the position of the neutral axis of stress at under 20° flexion and 15° extension. Under flexion and Group 2, torque, ROM, and strain on both the bodies and facets of superior segments adjacent to the fused bone were higher than those of Group 1. Under extension and Group 2, ROM for the fused segment was less than that of Group 1; torque, ROM, and stress on both the bodies and facets of superior segments adjacent to the fused bone were higher than those of Group 1. These analytical results indicate that the muscles and ligaments require greater force to achieve cervical motion than the intact spine following anterior cervical spine fusion. In addition, ROM and stress on the bodies and facets of the joint segments adjacent to the fused bone were significantly increased. Under flexion, the neutral axis of the stress on the adjacent segment moved backward, and the stress on the bodies of the segments adjacent to the fused bone increased. These comparative results indicate that increased stress on the adjacent segments is caused by stress‐shielding effects. Furthermore, increased stress and ROM of the adjacent segments after long‐term bone fusion may accelerate degeneration in adjacent segment.
Parasites pitched against nature: Pitch Lake water protects guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from microbial and gyrodactylid infections
Authors: SCHELKLE BETTINA , MOHAMMED RYAN S. , COOGAN MICHAEL P. , McMULLAN MARK , GILLINGHAM EMMA L. , VAN OOSTERHOUT COCK , CABLE JOANNE 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe enemy release hypothesis proposes that in parasite depleted habitats, populations will experience relaxed selection and become more susceptible (or less tolerant) to pathogenic infections. Here, we focus on a population of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) that are found in an extreme environment (the Pitch Lake, Trinidad) and examine whether this habitat represents a refuge from parasites. We investigated the efficacy of pitch in preventing microbial infections in Pitch Lake guppies, by exposing them to dechlorinated water, and reducing gyrodactylid infections on non-Pitch Lake guppies by transferring them to Pitch Lake water. We show that (i) natural prevalence of ectoparasites in the Pitch Lake is low compared to reference populations, (ii) Pitch Lake guppies transferred into aquarium water develop microbial infections, and (iii) experimentally infected guppies are cured of their gyrodactylid infections both by natural Pitch Lake water and by dechlorinated water containing solid pitch. These results indicate a role for Pitch Lake water in the defence of guppies from their parasites and suggest that Pitch Lake guppies might have undergone enemy release in this extreme environment. The Pitch Lake provides an ideal ecosystem for studies on immune gene evolution in the absence of parasites and long-term evolutionary implications of hydrocarbon pollution for vertebrates.
Global properties of tight Reeb flows with applications to Finsler geodesic flows on S2
Authors: HRYNIEWICZ UMBERTO L. , SALOMÃO PEDRO A. S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe show that if a Finsler metric on S2 with reversibility r has flag curvatures K satisfying (r/(r+1))2 < K ≤ 1, then closed geodesics with specific contact-topological properties cannot exist, in particular there are no closed geodesics with precisely one transverse self-intersection point. This is a special case of a more general phenomenon, and other closed geodesics with many self-intersections are also excluded. We provide examples of Randers type, obtained by suitably modifying the metrics constructed by Katok [21], proving that this pinching condition is sharp. Our methods are borrowed from the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves in symplectizations. Finally, we study global dynamical aspects of 3-dimensional energy levels C2-close to S3
Measles outbreak in an asylum-seekers' shelter in Germany: comparison of the implemented with a hypothetical containment strategy
Authors: TAKLA A. , BARTH A. , SIEDLER A. , STÖCKER P. , WICHMANN O. , DELERÉ Y. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn order to contain a measles outbreak in a German asylum-seekers' shelter, serological testing of all residents was performed, followed by selective vaccination of those with negative test results/not tested. In this paper we describe the outbreak epidemiologically and then compare the implemented strategy with a hypothetical mass vaccination of all individuals unvaccinated or with unknown vaccination status born after 1970 as recommended by the German Standing Committee on Vaccination in terms of potentially avoided cases, logistics, and costs. Three hundred (70%) residents participated in the serological testing, of which 39 (13%) were seronegative. In total, 144 individuals were eligible for vaccination, while a mass vaccination would have targeted 359 persons. However, serological testing was time- and personnel consuming and revealed several logistical problems. Its costs amounted to €90 000, double that of mass vaccination that additionally might have avoided three of the eight cases. Mass vaccination seems the preferred measure for measles outbreak control in such settings.
High-Resolution Optical Imaging of Zebrafish Larval Ribbon Synapse Protein RIBEYE, RIM2, and CaV 1.4 by Stimulation Emission Depletion Microscopy
Authors: Lv Caixia , Gould Travis J. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Zenisek David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synaptic ribbon is a unique presynaptic structure with an intricate morphology in photoreceptors. Because of the resolution limit in conventional fluorescence microscopy, investigating ribbon protein locations has been challenging, especially in the early development stages of model animals. Here, we used stimulated emission depletion microscopy, a super-resolution imaging technique, to look at retina sections in 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish. We observed that in photoreceptor cells, RIBEYE and RIM2 are expressed along the synaptic ribbon, with RIM2 consistently located inside of the horseshoe-shaped synaptic ribbon structure with RIBEYE located on the outside. The L-type calcium channel subunit, CACNA1F, exhibited small spot-like staining beneath the RIM2 and RIBEYE structures. Using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides to knock down RIBEYE expression, we observed fewer and shorter ribbons in the photoreceptor outer plexiform layers of 4 dpf fish retina as well as a reduction in RIM2 expression. The clustering of CACNA1F in these blind fish was no longer observed, but instead showed a diffuse expression in the photoreceptor terminal.
Metabolic Imaging Using Two-Photon Excited NADH Intensity and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Vergen Jorge , Hecht Clifford , Zholudeva Lyandysha V. , Marquardt Meg M. , Hallworth Richard , Nichols Michael G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMetabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to be involved in many different disease states. We have employed two-photon fluorescence imaging of intrinsic mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to quantify the metabolic state of several cultured cell lines, multicell tumor spheroids, and the intact mouse organ of Corti. Historically, fluorescence intensity has commonly been used as an indicator of the NADH concentration in cells and tissues. More recently, fluorescence lifetime imaging has revealed that changes in metabolism produce not only changes in fluorescence intensity, but also significant changes in the lifetimes and concentrations of free and enzyme-bound pools of NADH. Since NADH binding changes with metabolic state, this approach presents a new opportunity to track the cellular metabolic state.