bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesten im interkulturellen Vergleich – eine kontrastive Analyse der Bedeutungen von zwei Emblemen in Kolumbien und Deutschland
Authors: Merz Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe following paper aims at highlighting intercultural misunderstandings that can occur due to different semantic values of emblems, a gesture type generally defined as having an accepted verbal translation in a certain culture or community. To illustrate such problems, the semantic meanings of two emblems in Colombia and Germany are described. Misunderstandings caused by the use of these emblems are then explained from a communicative point of view, using Austin's speech-act theory. Additionally, the article offers a short review on the history of emblem research.
Die Syntax beim Übersetzen von Rechtstexten
Authors: Vlachopoulos Stefanos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to establish the interplay of functionality and syntactic adaptations in the translation of legal texts. We will attempt to gain insight into the choices the translators of legal texts make and how these can be justified by the function of the target text in the legal target culture. The comparison of the syntactic means used by the text producer to achieve a particular aim and the syntactic structures the translators chose in order to transfer the source text meaning functionally into the target culture is expected to yield insight into if, how and why the translators employed (or not) the stylistic inventory of the target system.
Lokalisierung von digitalen Spielen – Evaluierung der deutschen Version von Tropico 3
Authors: Friedrich Gunnar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDigital games are playing an ever growing role in today's society and economy due to technological and social developments. This trend is accompanied by an increasing need for professional translators and linguistic QA testers. But what are the stance and the chances of Translation Studies in the face of this trend? The following article tries to answer this question by analyzing the current situation and developing a QA model for the evaluation of translation and linguistic testing of digital games.
E-Learning – Enhancing the Curriculum
Authors: Cragie Stella 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUniversities are constantly looking for ways to enhance teaching and learning. Using online delivery is an excellent way to achieve an innovative, customized mode of teaching that benefits students in many ways, for example: flexibility, independence, engagement, motivation and participation. Institutions also benefit owing to lower costs of delivery, wider audiences, variety of technical and social features, flexiblity of management and access. The better designed the course is, the more effective it will be, while issues such as funding and support are crucial to success.
Unheimliche Heimat. Kafka, Freud und die Frage der Rückkehr in W. G. Sebalds Schwindel. Gefühle
Authors: Laufer Almut 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Druck der Zensur, nicht Aufhebung der Zielvorstellungen ist die richtige Begründung für das Vorherrschen der ober-flächlichen Assoziationen. Die oberflächlichen Assoziationen ersetzen in der Darstellung die tiefen, wenn die Zensur diese normalen Verbindungswege ungangbar macht. Es ist, wie wenn ein allgemeines Verkehrshindernis, z.B. eine Überschwemmung, im Gebirge die großen und breiten Straßen unwegsam werden läßt; der Verkehr wird dann auf unbequemen und steilen Fußpfaden aufrechterhalten, die sonst nur der Jäger begangen hat.
Impact of clinical, hormonal, radiological, and immunohistochemical studies on the diagnosis of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism
Authors: Sarfati Julie , Bachelot Anne , Coussieu Christiane , Meduri Géri , Touraine Philippe 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEvaluation of postmenopausal women with suspicion of androgen-secreting tumor.Design and patientsWe retrospectively studied 22 postmenopausal women referred to our center for suspicion of androgen-secreting tumor. All patients had clinical, biological, and morphological evaluation. In absence of adrenal tumors, ovarian surgery was most often proposed and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies were performed.ResultsOvarian tumors were detected by ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging in eight patients. Two adrenal androgen-secreting tumors were diagnosed by an adrenal computed tomography (CT) scan. The clinical presentation of the women with or without tumors was similar. Nevertheless, women with tumor exhibited significantly higher testosterone levels and lower basal FSH and LH levels than the other women (2.6±2.7 vs 0.9±0.9 ng/ml,P<0.05; 26.5±22.9 vs 66.5±26.0 IU/l,P<0.01; and 12.0±8.6 vs 24.1±8.9 IU/l,P<0.05 respectively). Based on a likelihood ratio test, patients with a tumor had 8.4 and 10.8 times higher risk of having a testosterone level ≥1.4 ng/ml or an FSH level ≤35 IU/l. Finally, IHC analysis with an anti-P450c17α antibody allowed the identification of an elevated number of ovarian androgen-producing cells in five patients in whom no tumor was found.ConclusionsAndrogen-secreting tumors are clinically difficult to discriminate from other causes of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Testosterone and FSH were the two discriminative markers in a multivariate analysis. Ovarian and adrenal tumors were detected by imaging studies. However, ovarian non-tumoral causes of hyperandrogenism may be difficult to detect with conventional histology.
The effect of weathering on bird bone survivorship in modern and fossil saline-alkaline lake environments
Authors: Prassack Kari Alyssa 
Published: September 2011

A modern Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) assemblage was collected along the shoreline of Lake Emakat, a saline-alkaline lake in northern Tanzania. Taphonomic analysis found the assemblage to be heavily weathered. This is likely due to the bone's heightened exposure to solar radiation and corrosive soil and water chemistries, as is expected to occur in such depositional environments.Analysis found that deep, wide, longitudinal cracks penetrate the medullar cavities of both weathered and unweathered long bones. The cause and taphonomic consequence of these cracks are addressed here, using data from Lake Emakat and from controlled studies. Results support repeated (episodic) submersion, followed by drying, as the causal mechanism behind thesewet-drycracks. Mineral salt uptake by bone may explain the early appearance and prevalence of these cracks in saline-alkaline lake settings, as compared to other depositional settings.The rate of weathering and incidence of wet-dry cracking varies significantly across limb elements. This difference correlates to element specific resistance properties to external loading forces. Heavy weathering weakens the structural integrity of bone and can accelerate its fragmentation. This can lead to bird bone loss in nearshore and ephemeral wetland settings, which may then affect resulting skeletal part, diversity, and richness profiles. Heavy weathering can therefore obscure important taphonomic and paleoecological information.The weathering data collected here are then applied to a fossil bird assemblage from the FLK Complex, (late Pliocene), Olduvai Gorge, in Tanzania. Results provide evidence for the effect of weathering on paleoecological and behavioral interpretations. Weathering should be considered when analyzing fossil bird assemblages.
The Influence of Early-Life Events on Human Capital, Health Status, and Labor Market Outcomes Over the Life Course
Authors: Johnson Rucker C , Schoeni Robert F 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Using national data from the U.S., we find that poor health at birth and limited parental resources (including low income, lack of health insurance, and unwanted pregnancy) interfere with cognitive development and health capital in childhood, reduce educational attainment, and lead to worse labor market and health outcomes in adulthood. These effects are substantial and robust to the inclusion of sibling fixed effects and an extensive set of controls. The results reveal that low birth weight ages people in their 30s and 40s by 12 years, increases the probability of dropping out of high school by one-third, lowers labor force participation by 5 percentage points, and reduces labor market earnings by roughly 15 percent. While poor birth outcomes reduce human capital accumulation, they explain only 10 percent of the total effect of low birth weight on labor market earnings. Taken together, the evidence is consistent with a negative reinforcing intergenerational transmission of disadvantage within the family; parental economic status influences birth outcomes, birth outcomes have long reaching effects on health and economic status in adulthood, which in turn leads to poor birth outcomes for one’s own children.
Family and Community Influences on Health and Socioeconomic Status: Sibling Correlations Over the Life Course
Authors: Mazumder Bhashkar 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper presents new estimates of sibling correlations in health and socioeconomic outcomes over the life course in the U.S. Sibling correlations provide an omnibus measure of the importance of all family and community influences. I find that sibling correlations in a range of health and socioeconomic outcomes start quite high at birth and remain high over the life course. The sibling correlation in birth weight is estimated to be 0.5. Sibling correlations in test scores during childhood are as high as 0.6. Sibling correlations in adult men’s wages are also around 0.5. Decompositions provide suggestive evidence on which pathways may account for the gradients in health and SES by family background. For example, sibling correlations in cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills during childhood are lower controlling for family income. Similarly, parent education levels can account for a sizable portion of the correlation in adult health status among brothers.
Role of Lipid Peroxidation and PPAR-δ in Amplifying Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
Authors: Cohen Guy , Riahi Yael , Shamni Ofer , Guichardant Michel , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Kaiser Nurit , Sasson Shlomo 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies show that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increase the insulin secretory capacity of pancreatic β-cells. We aimed at identifying PUFA-derived mediators and their cellular targets that are involved in the amplification of insulin release from β-cells preexposed to high glucose levels.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The content of fatty acids in phospholipids of INS-1E β-cells was determined by lipidomics analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify peroxidation products in β-cell cultures. Static and dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays were performed on isolated rat islets and/or INS-1E cells. The function of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) in regulating insulin secretion was investigated using pharmacological agents and gene expression manipulations.

RESULTS
High glucose activated cPLA2 and, subsequently, the hydrolysis of arachidonic and linoleic acid (AA and LA, respectively) from phospholipids in INS-1E cells. Glucose also increased the level of reactive oxygen species, which promoted the peroxidation of these PUFAs to generate 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE). The latter mimicked the GSIS-amplifying effect of high glucose preexposure and of the PPAR-δ agonist GW501516 in INS-1E cells and isolated rat islets. These effects were blocked with GSK0660, a selective PPAR-δ antagonist, and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or by silencing PPAR-δ expression. High glucose, 4-HNE, and GW501516 also induced luciferase expression in a PPAR-δ–mediated transactivation assay. Cytotoxic effects of 4-HNE were observed only above the physiologically effective concentration range.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated glucose levels augment the release of AA and LA from phospholipids and their peroxidation to 4-HNE in β-cells. This molecule is an endogenous ligand for PPAR-δ, which amplifies insulin secretion in β-cells.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of a Low–Glycemic Index Diet on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Markovic Tania P. , Perera Nimalie , Foote Deborah , Petocz Peter , Ross Glynis P. , Brand-Miller Jennie C. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising. There is little evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of one dietary therapy over another. We aimed to investigate the effect of a low–glycemic index (LGI) versus a conventional high-fiber diet on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal anthropometry, and maternal metabolic profile in GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ninety-nine women (age 26–42 years; mean ± SD prepregnancy BMI 24 ± 5 kg/m2) diagnosed with GDM at 20–32 weeks’ gestation were randomized to follow either an LGI (n = 50; target glycemic index [GI] ~50) or a high-fiber moderate-GI diet (HF) (n = 49; target GI ~60). Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food records. Pregnancy outcomes were collected from medical records.

RESULTS
The LGI group achieved a modestly lower GI than the HF group (mean ± SEM 47 ± 1 vs. 53 ± 1; P &lt; 0.001). At birth, there was no significant difference in birth weight (LGI 3.3 ± 0.1 kg vs. HF 3.3 ± 0.1 kg; P = 0.619), birth weight centile (LGI 52.5 ± 4.3 vs. HF 52.2 ± 4.0; P = 0.969), prevalence of macrosomia (LGI 2.1% vs. HF 6.7%; P = 0.157), insulin treatment (LGI 53% vs. HF 65%; P = 0.251), or adverse pregnancy outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In intensively monitored women with GDM, an LGI diet and a conventional HF diet produce similar pregnancy outcomes.
Anthelmintic resistance in parasites of small ruminants: sheep versus goats
Authors: Várady M. , Papadopoulos E. , Dolinská M. , Königová A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance among parasites of sheep and goats has been known to occur for at least four decades. Both species of host have similar genera of nematodes, but the nematodes in goat herds usually develop anthelmintic resistance more rapidly. In vitro tests show higher ED50 values in goats than in flocks of sheep. Sheep and goats differ in many ways; for example, goats have a higher metabolic rate and require higher dose rates for drugs. The immune system of goats is also different. Additionally, these animals are reared under different management systems, i.e. sheep graze pastures and goats browse bushes, and lambing/kidding periods are different. Most anthelmintics used in goats have not been licensed for this animal species, and correct dose rates have rarely been experimentally determined. Possible explanations for such differences are discussed.
Fox tapeworm (Echinococcus multilocularis) in Slovakia — summarizing the long-term monitoring
Authors: Miterpáková M. , Dubinský P. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Detailed epidemiological survey on distribution of fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis was carried out in the territory of Slovakia between 2000 and 2010. A total of 4 761 red foxes from all districts of Slovakia were investigated using modified sedimentation and counting method. E. multilocularis was found in small intestines of 1 441 animals that represent an overall prevalence of 30.3 %. The number of tapeworms found in individual foxes varied between 1 and 245 000 specimens with mean worm burden of 1 777. The results of decennial epizootological research confirmed the existence of highly endemic localities with E. multilocularis occurrence in northern regions of Slovakia. Till today, 16 human cases of alveolar echinococcosis were registered whereas 14 of them were diagnosed in patients living in endemic localities.
A new species of Dadayius Fukui, 1929 (Digenea: Cladorchiidae), parasite of Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the Purus River, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Lopes L. , Karling L. , Takemoto R. , Rossoni F. , Ferreira E. , Pavanelli G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The present paper describes a new species of Dadayius Fukui, 1929 (Trematoda, Digenea), parasite of Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904, a freshwater fish. The fish were collected from the Purus River, Amazonas State, Brazil. This new species has a long body and, different from other species of the genus, an arch-shaped ovary and a sinuous oesophagus with an ovoid bulb. This is the first record of Dadayius in cichlid fish; to date Dadayius has only been found parasitizing characid fish.
Specificity of the number of nouns in Czech and its annotation in Prague Dependency Treebank
Authors: Ševčíková Magda , Panevová Jarmila , Smejkalová Lenka 
Published: September 2011

Specificity of the number of nouns in Czech and its annotation in Prague Dependency Treebank
The paper focuses on the way how the grammatical category of number of nouns will be annotated in the forthcoming version of Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT 3.0), concentrating on the peculiarities beyond the regular opposition of singular and plural. A new semantic feature closely related to the category of number (so-called pair/group meaning) was introduced. Nouns such as ruce ‘hands’ or klíče ‘keys’ refer with their plural forms to a pair or to a typical group even more often than to a larger amount of single entities. Since pairs or groups can be referred to with most Czech concrete nouns, the pair/group meaning is considered as a grammaticalized meaning of nouns in Czech. In the present paper, manual annotation of the pair/group meaning is described, which was carried out on the data of Prague Dependency Treebank. A comparison with a sample annotation of data from Prague Dependency Treebank of Spoken Czech has demonstrated that the pair/group meaning is both more frequent and more easily distinguishable in the spoken than in the written data.
Calculating the main and leakage inductance matrix of the 3-column 15-winding autotransformer
Authors: Mazur Damian , Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: September 2011

Calculating the main and leakage inductance matrix of the 3-column 15-winding autotransformer
The aim of this paper is presentation and comparison of calculation methods of the inductance matrix of a 3-column multi-winding autotransformer. Main and leakage autotransformer inductance was obtained using finite elements method. Static calculations were made at the current supply for 2D and 3D models, and mono-harmonic calculations were made at the voltage supply. In the mono-harmonic calculations the eddy current losses were taken into account, this made it possible to study relationship between the autotransformer parameters and the frequency. Calculations were made using Ansys and the authors' own programs in Matlab.
Measurement and calculation of 3-column 15-winding autotransformer
Authors: Mazur Damian , Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: September 2011

Measurement and calculation of 3-column 15-winding autotransformer
The 15-winding and 3-column autotransformer supplying an 18-pulse rectifier circuit was developed. Presented methods can be used also for the autotransformers of other topologies supplying different kinds of converters. Presented methods make it possible to exactly calculate main and leakage inductances of the multi-winding autotransformer. The presented analysis of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the inductance matrix makes it possible to identify the influence nature of individual modes on the inductance matrix, and to compare the calculation results obtained using the presented methods. Frequency dependence of autotransformer parameters was shown. Also modes of the impedance matrix of the multi-winding autotransformer was investigated, this made it possible to identify the influence nature of individual modes on the inductance matrix. Using presented methods one can exactly calculate main and leakage inductances of the autotransformer. Thanks to this, one can design in optimal way autotransformers for supplying, for example, rectifier circuits, THD coefficients. The results of the measurements and simulations were also shortly presented at the end of the article.
Selection of control parameters in a control system with a DC electric series motor using evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Hudy Wiktor , Jaracz Kazimierz 
Published: September 2011

Selection of control parameters in a control system with a DC electric series motor using evolutionary algorithm
This paper presents a method of selection of regulator parameters in a control system using evolutionary algorithm. The control system has one PI controller and one hysteresis controller. The value of the proportional band and the value of the Integral time were defined by evolutionary algorithms. The object of control was a Brown Boveri GS10A motor. The task functions were the step change of rotational speed and step change of the motor's torque. The control system with the parameters selected by means of the evolutionary method was verified by using MATLAB/Simulink environment.
On-line losses minimization of induction motor vector control
Authors: Rouabah Z. , Abdelhadi B. , Anayi F. , Zidani F. 
Published: September 2011

On-line losses minimization of induction motor vector controlConventional field-orientated Induction motor drives operate at rated flux even at low load. To improve the efficiency of the existing motor it is important to regulate the flux of the motor in the desired operating range. In this paper a loss model controller (LMC) based on the real coded genetic algorithm is proposed, it has the straightforward goal of maximizing the efficiency for each given load torque. In order to give more accuracy to the motor model and the LMC a series model of the motor which consider the iron losses as a resistance connected in series with the mutual inductance is considered. Digital computer simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and also simulation results have confirmed that this algorithm yields the optimal efficiency.
Shock safety modelling of indirect contact with low-voltage electric devices
Authors: Korniluk Włodzimierz , Sajewicz Dariusz 
Published: September 2011

Shock safety modelling of indirect contact with low-voltage electric devices
The article presents a shock safety model of an indirect contact with a low-voltage electric device. This model was used for computations and analyses concerning the following: the probabilities of appearance of the particular shock protection unreliability states, electric shock states (ventricular fibrillation), contributions of the unreliability of different shock protection elements to the probability of occurrence of these states, as well as the risk of electric shock (and the shock safety), and contributions of the intensity of occurrence of damages to different shock protection elements to this risk. An example of a possibility to reduce the risk of an electric shock through changing the intensity of occurrence of damages to the selected protection elements was provided.
Hamiltonian model of electromechanical actuator in natural reference frame.: Part II: Equations and simulations
Authors: Burlikowski Wojciech 
Published: September 2011

Hamiltonian model of electromechanical actuator in natural reference frame.: Part II: Equations and simulationsIn the paper a novel mathematical model of electromechanical actuator is presented. It is based on application of Hamiltonian equations in the description of electro-mechanical energy conversion. It results in employment of flux linkages as state variables in the state space equations. For simplicity only a 3-phase wye connected stator winding without a neutral wire is considered in detail. The procedure can be generalised to any number of phases. Topology-based approach is used in the model implementation. Procedures for evaluation of all quantities (currents, energy/coenergy, electro-magnetic torque) present in model equations are described. Eddy currents and hysteresis phenolmenon are neglected in formulation of the model to enable application of state-space description.