bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the mental health needs of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Ellison Louise , Gask Linda , Bakerly Nawar Diar , Roberts June 
Published: June 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the mental health needs of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what they were experiencing, what they wanted (or did not want) which might be described as ‘felt need’, what they had accessed or received (‘expressed need’) and how, from their perspective, their emotional needs might be more effectively met by health care services. Methods: Qualitative study with 14 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, where a member of the clinical team had recognised that the patient was suffering from associated emotional distress. Results: Three themes emerged: a sense of assuming a different identity as the disease challenged abilities, the experience of social isolation with fear of dependence and barriers the participants encountered acting as obstacles to coping, adapting and accessing treatments. There were mixed feelings about the value of talking about problems, with both psychological and physical barriers strongly militating against both expression of need and utilization of care offered. Conclusions: Innovative research and clinical care should be aimed towards development of skills, strategies and systems required to engage sensitively and negotiate needs for care, in a patient-centred manner, with people who do not necessarily see the need to ask for emotional support.
Experiences of young women living with developmental dysplasia of the hip: insight into their experiences of surgery and recovery
Authors: Gambling Tina S , Long Andrew F 
Published: June 2012

Objective: To explore the experiences of young women with developmental dysplasia of the hip explicating the impact of peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery and recovery in the short and longer term. Design: Postings of five, selected women on an online active message board aimed at women with developmental dysplasia of the hip were analysed. Interest lay on their postings after they had had peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery. Data analysis was performed through the approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Results: The time length of the postings for the cases ranged from 1 year to 6 years, and the number of postings varied substantially, from 48 to 591. Two major concepts were prominent across participants’ accounts. The first concept, ‘body image’, centred on affects on the women’s self-esteem and body image. The second, ‘the long road to recovery’, highlighted ‘the emotional and physical battle of learning to walk’ and concerns with ‘saving my joints’. Conclusion: Developmental dysplasia of the hip potentially provides a critical case for exploration of the process of how a disability can affect confidence, self-esteem and body image. Recovery from this condition requires enormous effort, resilience and commitment from the women.
Coping with chronic complex regional pain syndrome: advice from patients for patients
Authors: Rodham Karen , McCabe Candida , Pilkington Melissa , Regan Laurence 
Published: June 2012

Objective: To explore what advice people currently living with chronic complex regional pain syndrome would offer to another person coming to terms with a diagnosis of chronic complex regional pain syndrome. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 21 adults (5 male) living with chronic complex regional pain syndrome who had completed a complex regional pain syndrome rehabilitation programme were conducted. Results: Effectively self-managing complex regional pain syndrome required individuals to play an active role. This could only be achieved if they felt they had sufficient control. Means of attaining control involved attaining a level of acceptance, becoming well-informed and accessing the right kind of support. The advice offered by patients for patients largely reflected that offered by healthcare professionals. One area where there was a conflict concerned sleep hygiene. Conclusions: Our study provides support both for the argument put forward by Redman that without appropriate preparation and support, self-management is ineffective, and that by Skuladottir and Hallsdottir that the main challenge of the chronic pain trajectory is that of retaining a sense of control. The clinical implications of this are discussed.
The perceived impact of advanced practice nurses (APNs) on promoting evidence-based practice amongst frontline nurses: findings from a collective case study
Authors: McDonnell Ann , Gerrish Kate , Kirshbaum Marilynne N. , Nolan Mike , Tod Angela , Guillaume Louise 
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the perceived impact of advanced practice nurses in promoting evidence-based practice amongst frontline nurses. A collective instrumental case study was undertaken involving five extended case studies and eighteen short case studies in a range of hospital and primary care settings across seven Strategic Health Authorities in England. The study participants were a purposive sample of 23 advanced practice nurses selected to represent a range of settings, clinical specialities, organisational responsibilities and ways of working. In-depth interviews were undertaken with the advanced practice nurse and up to 10 interviews with health care professionals with whom they worked. For the extended case studies, non-participant observation and follow-up interviews were also undertaken. Data analysis drew on the principles of the Framework approach. From the perspectives of the participants, these advanced practice nurses enhanced the ability of frontline nurses to provide evidence-based care. They improved the competence, knowledge and skills of frontline nurses and empowered them to deliver care which they considered to be safer, holistic, more timely and of a higher standard. This is likely to have a positive effect on patient outcomes and on patient experience. However, this impact is inherently hard to capture.
High-speed video analysis of arrow behaviour during the power stroke of a recurve archery bow
Authors: Park James L , Logan Oliver 
Published: June 2012

The manner in which an archer holds and releases the string of a recurve bow causes the arrow to flex during the bow’s power stroke and on its way from the bow to the target. While an experienced observer can subjectively evaluate an arrow’s pitch and yaw visually after it has left the bow, the arrow’s behaviour during the bow’s power stroke happens too quickly for visual observation. High-speed video is consequently a much more effective tool. Similarly, high-speed video is an effective tool for studying an archer’s technique during the bow’s power stroke. Mathematical models of the arrow’s behaviour in the horizontal plane during the bow’s power stroke have, to date, relied upon comparison of the arrow’s flexural shape with photographs. However, an implicit assumption of that process is that the archer’s technique is perfect. This paper provides an analysis of event times and the magnitudes of several key components of the arrow flex during the bow’s power stroke for sixteen world-class archers. Aside from being a powerful analysis tool in its own right, that data can also be used to evaluate mathematical models of arrow behaviour. It is concluded that archer technique variations could be a significant source of error where a single archer is used as a comparison for the mathematics, even if that single archer is amongst the world’s best.
Immunoregulation through extracellular nucleotides
Authors: Vitiello Laura , Gorini Stefania , Rosano Giuseppe , la Sala Andrea 
Published: June 2012

AbstractExtracellular ATP (eATP), the most abundant among nucleotides, can act as a mediator during inflammatory responses by binding to plasmamembrane P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed on cells of the immune system. eATP is generally considered as a classical danger signal, which stimulates immune responses in the presence of tissue damage. Converging evidence from several studies using murine models of chronic inflammation have supported this hypothesis; however, the role of eATP in the regulation of human immune function appears to be more complex. Chronic stimulation with micromolar eATP concentrations inhibits the proliferation of T and NK lymphocytes and enhances the capacity of dendritic cells to promote tolerance. The effect of eATP depends on multiple factors, such as the extent of stimulation, eATP concentration, presence/absence of other mediators in the microenvironment, and pattern of P2 receptor engagement. Small but significant differences in the pattern of P2 receptor expression in mice and humans confer the diverse capacities of ATP in regulating the immune response. Such diversity, which is often overlooked, should therefore be carefully considered when evaluating the role of eATP in human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Impaired natural killer cell self-education and “missing-self” responses in Ly49-deficient mice
Authors: Bélanger Simon , Tu Megan M. , Rahim Mir Munir Ahmed , Mahmoud Ahmad B. , Patel Rajen , Tai Lee-Hwa , Troke Angela D. , Wilhelm Brian T. , Landry Josette-Renée , Zhu Qinzhang , Tung Kenneth S. , Raulet David H. , Makrigiannis Andrew P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLy49-mediated recognition of MHC-I molecules on host cells is considered vital for natural killer (NK)–cell regulation and education; however, gene-deficient animal models are lacking because of the difficulty in deleting this large multigene family. Here, we describe NK gene complex knockdown (NKCKD) mice that lack expression of Ly49 and related MHC-I receptors on most NK cells. NKCKD NK cells exhibit defective killing of MHC-I–deficient, but otherwise normal, target cells, resulting in defective rejection by NKCKD mice of transplants from various types of MHC-I–deficient mice. Self–MHC-I immunosurveillance by NK cells in NKCKD mice can be rescued by self–MHC-I–specific Ly49 transgenes. Although NKCKD mice display defective recognition of MHC-I–deficient tumor cells, resulting in decreased in vivo tumor cell clearance, NKG2D- or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity–induced tumor cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by activation receptors was efficient in Ly49-deficient NK cells, suggesting MHC-I education of NK cells is a single facet regulating their total potential. These results provide direct genetic evidence that Ly49 expression is necessary for NK-cell education to self–MHC-I molecules and that the absence of these receptors leads to loss of MHC-I–dependent “missing-self” immunosurveillance by NK cells.
Expression of CD30 in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Chen Yi-Bin , McDonough Sean , Hasserjian Robert , Chen Heidi , Coughlin Erin , Illiano Christina , Park In Sun , Jagasia Madan , Spitzer Thomas R. , Cutler Corey S. , Soiffer Robert J. , Ritz Jerome 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAcute GVHD (aGVHD) remains a major source of morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. CD30 is a cell-surface protein expressed on certain activated T cells. We analyzed CD30 expression on peripheral blood T-cell subsets and soluble CD30 levels in 26 patients at the time of presentation of aGVHD, before the initiation of treatment, compared with 27 patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation without aGVHD (NONE). Analysis by flow cytometry showed that patients with aGVHD had a greater percentage of CD30 expressing CD8+ T cells with the difference especially pronounced in the central memory subset (CD8+CD45RO+CD62L+): GVHD median 12.4% (range, 0.8%-33.4%) versus NONE 2.1% (0.7%, 17.5%), P < .001. There were similar levels of CD30 expression in naive T cells, CD4+ T cells, and regulatory (CD4+CD127lowCD25+) T cells. Plasma levels of soluble CD30 were significantly greater in patients with GVHD: median 61.7 ng/mL (range, 9.8-357.1 ng/mL) versus 17.4 (range, 3.7-142.4 ng/mL) in NONE (P < .001). Immunohistochemical analysis of affected intestinal tissue showed many CD30+ infiltrating lymphocytes present. These results suggest that CD30 expression on CD8+ T-cell subsets or plasma levels of soluble CD30 may be a potential biomarker for aGVHD. CD30 may also represent a target for novel therapeutic approaches for aGVHD.
Tissue factor promotes activation of coagulation and inflammation in a mouse model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Chantrathammachart Pichika , Mackman Nigel , Sparkenbaugh Erica , Wang Jian-Guo , Parise Leslie V. , Kirchhofer Daniel , Key Nigel S. , Pawlinski Rafal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a complex vascular pathophysiology that includes activation of coagulation and inflammation. However, the crosstalk between these 2 systems in SCD has not been investigated. Here, we examined the role of tissue factor (TF) in the activation of coagulation and inflammation in 2 different mouse models of SCD (BERK and Townes). Leukocytes isolated from BERK mice expressed TF protein and had increased TF activity compared with control mice. We found that an inhibitory anti-TF antibody abrogated the activation of coagulation but had no effect on hemolysis or anemia. Importantly, inhibition of TF also attenuated inflammation and endothelial cell injury as demonstrated by reduced plasma levels of IL-6, serum amyloid P, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. In addition, we found decreased levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and KC, as well as myeloperoxidase in the lungs of sickle cell mice treated with the anti-TF antibody. Finally, we found that endothelial cell-specific deletion of TF had no effect on coagulation but selectively attenuated plasma levels of IL-6. Our data indicate that different cellular sources of TF contribute to activation of coagulation, vascular inflammation, and endothelial cell injury. Furthermore, it appears that TF contributes to these processes without affecting intravascular hemolysis.
Salt marsh sediment and metal fluxes in response to rainfall
Authors: Chen Si , Torres Raymond , Bizimis Michael , Wirth Edward F. 
Published: June 2012

Lay AbstractWe hypothesize that rainfall during low tide is an important process that affects the cycling of materials (nutrients and metals) in estuaries. We simulated a 45‐min rainfall event in a salt marsh to examine the effects of a low‐tide summer storm on the sediment surface. Surface runoff (sediment concentration (SC), discharge, and rainfall rate) at the downslope end of a 1‐ × 2‐m plot was collected and analyzed chemically in the laboratory. SC peaked at 6100 mg L–1 after 3 min and remained elevated for 15 min before declining. The metal content of the sediments varied considerably with time but was consistently higher than the average background content by a factor of 4–4000. Based on these experimental results, we estimated that 4.8–8.4 tonnes of sediment per square kilometer per minute can be entrained by rainfall during low tide, or up to 96–168 tonnes per year. We also estimated the annual loading of heavy metals that occurs in larger subtidal channels fed by intertidal creeks draining the salt marsh in response to rainfall. Our results demonstrate that rainfall‐entrained sediment during low tides is an important process affecting the cycling of materials in estuarine ecosystems.
Seasonal variation in energy expenditure is not related to activity level or water temperature in a large diving bird
Authors: Guillemette Magella , Butler Patrick 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThere is considerable interest in understanding how the energy budget of an endotherm is modulated from a physiological and ecological point of view. In this paper, we used the heart rate method and daily heart rate (DHR), as a proxy of DEE across seasons, to test the effect of locomotion activity and water temperature on the energy budget of a large diving bird. DHR was monitored continuously in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) during seven months together with measures of time spent flying and time spent feeding. DHR varied substantially during the recording period with numerous increases and decreases that occurred across seasons although we could not find any relationship between DHR and the time spent active (feeding and flying). However, inactive heart rate (IHR) decreased as locomotion activity increases suggesting common eiders were using behavioural compensation when under a high work load. We were also unable to detect a negative relationship between water temperature and resting heart rate, a proxy of resting metabolic rate. This was unexpected based on the assumption that high thermoregulation costs would be associated with cold waters. We showed that high level of energy expenditure coincided with feather moult and warm waters, which suggest that the observed variable pattern of seasonal DEE was driven by feather growth and possibly by other productive costs. Nevertheless, our results indicate that behavioural compensation and possibly the timing of moult may be used as mechanisms to reduce seasonal variation in energy expenditure.
Effect of dietary restriction on metabolic, anatomic and molecular traits in mice depends on the initial level of basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Authors: Brzęk Paweł , Książek Aneta , Dobrzyń Agnieszka , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Dietary restriction (DR)-related delay of ageing is hypothesized to be mediated by the reduction of the metabolic rate (MR). However, studies on the effect of DR on MR have produced equivocal results. We demonstrated that this lack of congruency can be due to a variation in the initial level of MR within a given pool of experimental subjects. We subjected laboratory mice from two line-types divergently selected for basal MR (BMR) to 30% DR lasting 6 months, to test whether the effect of DR depends on the initial variation in BMR and peak MR. BMR and peak MR were independently affected by DR. The effect of DR was stronger in line-types with higher initial levels of MR. Line-type specific changes in the proportions of body components explained contrasting effects of DR on the mass-corrected BMR, which decreased in the high, and did not change in the low BMR line-type. We conclude that the initial variation in MR can significantly affect response to DR. However, we found no association between the level of MR and mechanisms underlying susceptibility to or protection against oxidative stress.
Ammonia excretion in the freshwater planarianSchmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Weihrauch Dirk , Chan Ainsley C , Meyer Heiko , Döring Carmen , Sourial Mary M , O'Donnell Michael J 
Published: June 2012

SummaryIn aquatic invertebrates metabolic nitrogenous waste is excreted predominately as ammonia. Very little is known, however, of the underlying mechanisms of ammonia excretion, particularly in freshwater species. Our results indicate that in the non-parasitic freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea ammonia excretion depends on an acidification of the apical unstirred layer of the body surface and consequent ammonia trapping. Buffering of the environment to a pH of 7 or higher decreased excretion rate. Inhibitor experiments suggested further that the excretion mechanism involves the participation of the V-type H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase and possibly also the Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs). Alkalinization (pH 8.5, 2 days) of the environment led to a 1.9-fold increase in body ammonia levels and to a down-regulation of V-ATPase (subunit A) and Rh-protein mRNA. Further, a two day exposure to non-lethal ammonia concentrations (1 mmol L-1) caused a doubling of body ammonia levels and led to an increase in Rh-protein and Na+/K+-ATPase (α-subunit) mRNA expression levels. In-situ hybridization studies indicated a strong mRNA expression of the Rh-protein in the epidermal epithelium. The ammonia excretion mechanism proposed for S. mediterranea reveals striking similarities to the current model suggested to function in gills of freshwater fish.
Mitochondrial dynamics underlying thermal plasticity of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) hearts
Authors: Oellermann Michael , Pörtner Hans Otto , Mark Felix C. 
Published: June 2012

Summary
In the eurythermal cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, performance greatly depends on hearts that ensure systemic oxygen supply over a broad range of temperatures. We therefore aimed to identify adjustments in energetic cardiac capacity and underlying mitochondrial function supporting thermal acclimation that could be critical for the cuttlefish's competitive success in variable environments. Two genetically distinct cuttlefish populations were acclimated to 11°C, 16°C and 21°C, respectively. Subsequently, skinned and permeabilised heart fibres were used to assess mitochondrial functioning by means of high-resolution respirometry and a substrate-inhibitor protocol, followed by measurements of cardiac citrate synthase activity. In cuttlefish hearts, thermal sensitivity of mitochondrial substrate oxidation was high for proline and pyruvate but low for succinate. Oxygen efficiency of catabolism rose from 11°C to 21°C via shifts to oxygen-conserving oxidation of proline and pyruvate as well as via reduced proton leak. Acclimation to 21°C decreased mitochondrial complex I activity in Adriatic cuttlefish and increased complex IV activity in English Channel cuttlefish. However, compensation of mitochondrial capacities did not occur during cold acclimation to 11°C. Moreover, cold adapted English Channel cuttlefish had larger hearts with lower mitochondrial capacities than warm adapted Adriatic cuttlefish. The changes observed for substrate oxidation, mitochondrial complexes, proton leak or heart weights improve energetic efficiency and essentially seem to extend tolerance to high temperatures and reduce associated tissue hypoxia. We conclude that cuttlefish sustain cardiac performance and thus, systemic oxygen delivery over short and long-term changes of temperature and environmental conditions by multiple adjustments in cellular and mitochondrial energetics.
Mechanisms contributing to the dopamine induction of crawl-like bursting in leech motoneurons
Authors: Crisp Kevin M , Gallagher Brian R , Mesce Karen A 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Dopamine (DA) activates fictive crawling behavior in the medicinal leech. To identify the cellular mechanisms underlying this activation at the level of crawl-specific motoneuronal bursting, we targeted potential cAMP-dependent events that are often activated through DA1-like receptor signaling pathways. We found that isolated ganglia produced crawl-like motoneuron bursting after bath application of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDIs) that up-regulated cAMP. This bursting persisted in salines in which calcium ions were replaced with equimolar cobalt or nickel, but was blocked by riluzole, an inhibitor of a persistent sodium current. PDI-induced bursting contained a number of patterned elements that were statistically similar to those observed during DA-induced fictive crawling, except that one motoneuron (CV) exhibited bursting during the contraction rather than the elongation phase of crawling. Although DA and the PDI produced similar bursting profiles, intracellular recordings from motoneurons revealed differences in altered membrane properties. For example, DA lowered motoneuron excitability while the PDI increased resting discharge rates. We suggest that PDIs (and DA) activate a sodium-influx-dependent timing mechanism capable of setting the crawl rhythm and that multiple DA receptor sub-types are involved in shaping and modulating the phase relationships and membrane properties of cell-specific members of the crawl network to generate crawling.