bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New biomarkers for acute renal injury
Authors: Soni Sachin S. , Pophale Rupesh , Ronco Claudio 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing rapidly to epidemic proportions. Development of AKI, especially in intensive care settings, is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and hospitalization costs. Currently available diagnostic tools are mostly insensitive for early diagnosis, however prompt diagnosis and risk stratification are necessary for guiding therapy and preventing progression of disease. Finding an early, reliable, suitable, easily reproducible, economical and accurate biomarker for AKI is a top research priority. In recent years, many urinary and serum proteins have been investigated as possible early markers of AKI and some of them have shown great promise. This topic reviews some of the emerging biomarkers of AKI.
Determination of local material properties of OSB sample by coupling advanced imaging techniques and morphology-based FEM simulation
Authors: Sebera Vaclav , Muszyński Lech 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The goal was to determine local mechanical properties inside of oriented strand board (OSB) based on a realistic morphology-based finite element (FE) model and data acquired from a physical test performed on the same material. The spatial information and local grayscale intensity from CT-scans obtained from small OSB sample was transformed into a 2D regular morphology-based FE mesh with corresponding material properties. The model was then used to simulate the actual compression test performed on the specimen using simplified boundary conditions. The simulated strain fields from the model were compared with the actual strain field measured on the specimen surface during the compression test by means of a full-field optical method, named digital image correlation (DIC). Finally, the original set of material properties was adjusted by an iterative procedure to minimize the difference between the simulated and the measured strain data. The results show that the developed procedure is useful to find local material properties as well as for morphological modeling without the need of segmentation of the image data. The achieved results serve as a prerequisite for full 3D analyses of the complex materials.
Immunization of Preterm Infants With 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Omeñaca Félix , Merino Jose Manuel , Tejedor Juan-Carlos , Constantopoulos Andreas , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Kafetzis Dimitrios , Tsirka Antigoni , Athanassiadou Fani , Anagnostakou Marina , François Nancy , Borys Dorota , Schuerman Lode 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The safety and immunogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in preterm infants were assessed in this study.

METHODS:
Three parallel groups of infants received 3-dose primary immunization with PHiD-CV at 2, 4, and 6 months of age and a booster dose at 16 to 18 months: preterm I (gestation period ≥ 27 and &lt;31 weeks, N = 50); preterm II (≥31 and &lt;37 weeks, N = 87); and term (≥37 weeks, N = 149). Solicited symptoms and adverse events were recorded. Immune responses to PHiD-CV and coadministered vaccine antigens were measured.

RESULTS:
The incidence of solicited general symptoms was similar across groups, and the frequency of grade 3 general symptoms was low. Incidences of redness and swelling were generally lower in preterm infants. PHiD-CV was immunogenic for each of the 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (postprimary, ≥92.7% of infants reached enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody concentrations ≥ 0.2 μg/mL and postbooster, ≥97.6%) and for protein D, with a trend for lower postprimary geometric mean antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers in preterm infants for some pneumococcal serotypes. Postbooster, ≥91.9% of subjects in each group had an OPA titer ≥ 8 for each of the vaccine serotypes. Pneumococcal antibody concentrations and OPA titers after priming and booster vaccination were comparable between the 2 preterm groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
PHiD-CV was well tolerated and immunogenic in preterm infants when given as a 3-dose primary vaccination, with robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody and OPA booster responses in the second year of life.
Effect of water content in a canned food on voluntary food intake and body weight in cats
Authors: Wei Alfreda , Fascetti Andrea J. , Villaverde Cecilia , Wong Raymond K. , Ramsey Jon J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether water content in a canned food diet induces decreases in voluntary energy intake (EI) or body weight (BW) in cats fed ad libitum.
Animals—16 sexually intact male domestic shorthair cats.
Procedures—Maintenance EI was determined for 2 months in 10 weight-stable cats consuming a control diet (typical colony diet). Cats were allocated into 2 groups of equal BW and fed a canned diet (with-water [WW] diet) or a freeze-dried version of the canned diet (low-water [LW] diet) twice daily. Diets were identical in nutrient profile on a dry-matter basis. Each dietary treatment period of the crossover experiment lasted 3 weeks, with a 3-week washout period between diets. Body composition measurements were determined by use of deuterium oxide at the end of each dietary treatment. Daily food intake was measured for determination of dry-matter intake and EI. Six other cats were used in preference tests for the 3 diets.
Results—EI was significantly decreased for the WW diet (mean ± SD, 1,053.0 ± 274.9 kJ/d), compared with EI for the LW diet (1,413.8 ± 345.8 kJ/d). Cats had a significant decrease in BW during consumption of the WW diet. Body composition was unaltered by diet. In short-term preference tests, cats ate significantly more of the WW than the LW diet.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bulk water in the WW diet stimulated decreases in EI and BW in cats. The impact of water content on energy density and food consumption may help promote weight loss in cats.
Evaluation of 10 genes encoding cardiac proteins in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: O'Sullivan M. Lynne , O'Grady Michael R. , Pyle W. Glen , Dawson John F. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To identify a causative mutation for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers by sequencing the coding regions of 10 cardiac genes known to be associated with familial DCM in humans.
Animals—5 Doberman Pinschers with DCM and congestive heart failure and 5 control mixed-breed dogs that were euthanized or died.
Procedures—RNA was extracted from frozen ventricular myocardial samples from each dog, and first-strand cDNA was synthesized via reverse transcription, followed by PCR amplification with gene-specific primers. Ten cardiac genes were analyzed: cardiac actin, α-actinin, α-tropomyosin, β-myosin heavy chain, metavinculin, muscle LIM protein, myosinbinding protein C, tafazzin, titin-cap (telethonin), and troponin T. Sequences for DCM-affected and control dogs and the published canine genome were compared.
Results—None of the coding sequences yielded a common causative mutation among all Doberman Pinscher samples. However, 3 variants were identified in the α-actinin gene in the DCM-affected Doberman Pinschers. One of these variants, identified in 2 of the 5 Doberman Pinschers, resulted in an amino acid change in the rod-forming triple coiled-coil domain.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mutations in the coding regions of several genes associated with DCM in humans did not appear to consistently account for DCM in Doberman Pinschers. However, an α-actinin variant was detected in some Doberman Pinschers that may contribute to the development of DCM given its potential effect on the structure of this protein. Investigation of additional candidate gene coding and noncoding regions and further evaluation of the role of α-actinin in development of DCM in Doberman Pinschers are warranted.
Inheritance of cerebellar abiotrophy in Arabians
Authors: Brault Leah S. , Famula Thomas R. , Penedo M. Cecilia T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the mode of inheritance for cerebellar abiotrophy (CA), a neurologic disease in Arabians.
Animals—804 Arabians, including 29 horses (15 males and 14 females) with CA.
Procedures—Most horses (n = 755) belonged to 1 of 4 paternal families. Among the 29 CA-affected horses, all had clinical signs consistent with the disease; the disease was confirmed histologically following euthanasia in 8 horses. From the pedigree information, inbreeding coefficients were calculated for 16 affected horses and compared with coefficients for a subgroup of 16 unaffected horses. Complex segregation analysis was used to determine the effect of a putative Mendelian locus on the development of the disease and the probable mode of inheritance of CA.
Results—The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.0871 for CA-affected and unaffected horses, suggesting that all of the Arabians were inbred to the same degree and that affected horses were not more inbred than were unaffected horses. Results of the complex segregation analysis were consistent with a single Mendelian autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Knowledge of the mode of inheritance of CA should help breeders to make informed decisions regarding the selection of animals for mating when closely related horses have developed CA or produced CA-affected foals.
Evaluation of the efficacy of gallium maltolate for chemoprophylaxis against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. , Martens Ronald J. , O'Conor Michael , Bernstein Lawrence R. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the chemoprophylactic effect of gallium maltolate on the cumulative incidence of pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.
Animals—483 foals born and raised on 12 equine breeding farms with a history of endemic R equi infections.
Procedures—Group 1 foals were treated with a placebo and group 2 foals were treated with gallium maltolate (approx 30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) during the first 2 weeks after birth. Foals were monitored for development of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection and for adverse effects of gallium maltolate.
Results—There were no significant differences in the cumulative incidence of R equi pneumonia among the 2 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Chemoprophylaxis via gallium maltolate administered orally at approximately 30 mg/kg daily for the first 2 weeks after birth failed to reduce the cumulative incidence of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection among foals on breeding farms with endemic R equi infections. Further investigation is needed to identify strategies for control of R equi infections.
In vitro and in vivo responses of mucosa from the large colon of horses to ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Graham A. Sarah , Grosche Astrid , Morton Alison J. , Polyak Maximilian M. R. , Freeman David E. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To induce ischemia and reperfusion injury in the large colon mucosa of horses in vivo and evaluate the recovery and effects of components of an organ transplant solution on mucosal recovery in vitro.
Animals—6 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized, and ischemia was induced for 60 minutes in the pelvic flexure, which was followed by reperfusion for 240 minutes. Ischemic (n = 4 horses), reperfused (6), and adjacent control (6) colonic mucosae were isolated for in vitro testing and histologic examinations. Tissues were mounted in Ussing chambers with plain Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRB), KRB with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or KRB with a modified organ transplant solution (MOTS). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and mannitol flux were used to assess mucosal integrity. Data were analyzed by use of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results—The TER in reperfused tissues was similar to the TER in control tissues and greater than the TER in ischemic tissues, which was consistent with morphological evidence of recovery in reperfused tissues. Mannitol flux was greater in ischemic tissues than in reperfused tissues. The TER and mannitol flux were not significantly affected by incubation of mucosa with NAC or MOTS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ischemia induced during the brief period allowed rapid mucosal repair and complete recovery of tissue barrier properties during reperfusion. Therefore, reperfusion injury was not observed for this method of ischemic damage in equine colonic mucosa.
Selected Aspects of Angiogensis in Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Sujka-Kordowska Patrycja , Malińska Agnieszka , Zabel Maciej 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIt is well established that angiogenesis is necessary in solid tumours development. Interesingly, the role of angiogensis in haematological malignancies has been also recognized. Recent publicationts indicate that microvessel density in bone marrow and angiogenic factors like endoglin, placental growth factor and cyclooxygenase 1 are increased in lymphoproliferative disorders and suggest that angiogensis is a part of pathomechanism of these malignancies. However, it has not been identified how angiogenesis can be involved in progression of haematological disorders. There is a strong need for further investigations in this area, since antiangiogenic therapy is a potential adjunct to conventional therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Encore à propos des horrea Galbana de Rome : entrepôts ou ergastules ?
Authors: Virlouvet Catherine 
Published: July 2011

L’édifice à trois cours accolées connu par le plan de marbre sévérien et l’archéologie au pied de l’Aventin, dans le quartier de l’emporium romain, après avoir été longtemps identifié comme le plan des horrea Galbana, est actuellement présenté comme un ergastule ayant servi de logement aux esclaves employés dans les entrepôts proches. La présente étude remet en cause cette identification. Elle montre dans un premier temps que le terme d’ergastule n’est pas approprié pour désigner une telle structure, quand bien même elle aurait servi aux logements d’employés qui n’appartenaient pas tous d’ailleurs au personnel servile. L’article se concentre ensuite sur le plan de l’édifice tel que nous le connaissons, pour montrer, par rapprochement avec des exemples ostiens, que ce dernier a bel et bien pu figurer le plan d’un édifice de stockage. Les horrea
romains n’ont en effet pas tous le même aspect, selon qu’ils servent uniquement à entreposer des marchandises ou que l’on peut y rencontrer des activités plus diversifiées, en particulier de distribution de marchandises.
La théorie des contrats implicites : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Perrot Anne 
Published: July 2011

The Implicit Contracts Theory: Results and Prospects,
by Anne Perrot.

By using a simple model, this paper presents the idea behind the implicit contracts theory to explain why wage agreements are so rigid and why involuntary unemployment exists: the hiring process is considered to be an insurance policy whereby firms, either neutral or relatively unexposed to risk, insure wage earners, who are more exposed to risk, against fluctuations in their income. The result is rigidity in wages and perhaps involuntary unemployment. These results are discussed in comparison with other hypotheses on the nature of agreements and constraints on the agents (areas of employment, benefits paid to the unemployed,...). Such agreements can be responsible for cases of over-employment.
Négociations salariales et segmentation du marché du travail
Authors: Cahuc Pierre , Sevestre Patrick , Zajdela Hélène 
Published: July 2011

Wage Negotiation and the Segmentation of the Job Market,
by Pierre Cahuc, Patrick Sevestre, Hélène Zajdela.

This paper deals with a model for wage negotiation to explain why the job market is segmented. On the grounds of the non-cooperative games theory, a model is developed. It enables to distinguish different modes of wage setting depending on whether or not wage earners can hope for wages higher than market wages and on whether the firms' performance is good or bad. The model was tested on a sample of 334 French manufacturing firms over the 1974-1983 period. The estimates seem to confirm that both this model and the typology of firms involved therewith are relevant.
La répartition des emplois par sexe : capital humain ou discrimination
Authors: Sofer Catherine 
Published: July 2011

Die geschlechtsbedingte Zuteilung von Arbeitsplätzen : Humankapital oder Diskriminierung ?
von Catherine Sofer.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Auswirkung der Geschlechtsgliederung hinsichtlich der Arbeitsplätze auf das durchschnittliche Lohndifferential zwischen Männern und Frauen. Die wichtigsten theoretischen Erklärungen für diese Situation sind im wesentlichen zweierlei Art :- die Théorie des Humankapitals, die durch die Atrophiehypothese ergänzt wird, nach der Arbeitsplätze mit hohem Frauenanteil von Frauen deshalb gewählt werden, weil sie im Falle einer Unterbrechung der Erwerbstätigkeit mit geringerer Benachteiligung verbunden sind die Diskriminierungstheorie. Eine erste Messung der Diskriminierung gegen Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hebt folgendes hervor : der Anteil des durchschnittlichen Lohnunterschieds, der auf dieses Phänomen zurückzuführen ist, schwankt je nach der benutzten Gewinnfunktion zwischen 50% und mehr als 100 % der Gesamtheit des Differentials. Diese Proportion reduziert sich auf 4 % bis 95 %, wenn der Frauenanteil bezüglich der Arbeitsplätze berücksichtigt wird. Aber die Tests der Atrophiehypothese führen zu ihrerWiderlegung.
L'hétérogénéité des carrières individuelles mesurée sur données de panel
Authors: Lollivier Stéfan , Payen Jean-François 
Published: July 2011

Heterogeneity of wage profiles evaluated on the basis of panel data,
by Stefan Lolliver, Jean-François Payen.

This paper is an attempt at evaluating individual earnings profiles on the basis of a panel of wage earners from the private and semi-public sectors over the 1967 to 1982 period. One of its objectives is to quantify earnings functions on the basis of the human capital theory. To study individual earnings profiles, it is necessary to set up an econometric model which makes a distinction between macroeconom evolution and factors purely individual. The former depends on variables such as the current year of payment, the worker's age and his date of birth. Individual characteristics are modeled on the basis of a quadratic time function showing how the wage profile of a specific individual differs from that of other workers in his generation.
L'impact de la politique de l'emploi : une estimation quantitative de certains dispositifs
Authors: Ermakoff Ivan , Tresmontant Raphaël 
Published: July 2011

L'impact de la politique de l'emploi: une estimation quantitative de certains dispositifs,
par Raphaël Tresmontant, Ivan Ermakoff.

Tuc, Sivp, contrats de qualification, d'adaptation et de retour à l'emploi, Pil, stages, préretraites, etc, les dispositifs de la politique de l'emploi sont nombreux et fréquemment modifiés. Par leur action sur le volume de l'emploi ou sur les ressources en main d'œuvre, ils visent à réduire certains déséquilibres du marché du travail : si le nombre total de bénéficiaires a fortement augmenté entre 1985 et 1988, les effets nets en termes d'emplois créés et de chômeurs évités sont très variables selon les dispositifs. En effet les diverses incitations à l'embauche se traduisent par une substitution significative entre actifs, suivant qu'ils bénéficient ou non des subventions publiques. Une évaluation des coûts pour les finances publiques est en outre proposée.
La dimension sectorielle de la formation des salaires : une analyse comparative des industries américaine, allemande et française
Authors: Dormont Brigitte , Le Dem Jean 
Published: July 2011

La dimension sectorielle de la formation des salaires : une analyse comparative des industries américaine, allemande et française,
par Brigitte Dormont, Jean Le Dem.

L'objet de cet article est d'explorer simultanément les dimensions sectorielle et temporelle de la formation des salaires en exploitant des données de branche pour les industries américaine, allemande et française. La double dimension des données permet de mettre en évidence, dans les trois pays considérés, une influence des gains de productivité sur l'évolution des salaires : un secteur dont les gains de productivité sont supérieurs à la moyenne fait croître ses salaires plus rapidement que les autres secteurs. Il convient alors de s'interroger sur la nature de cet impact de la productivité : est-il purement transitoire ou va-t-il au delà des effets de rattrapage mis en évidence?
Licenciements, salaire aux pièces et participation aux bénéfices en tant qu'incitations
Authors: Kraft Kornelius 
Published: July 2011

Lay-offs, Piece-Rates and Profit-Sharing as Incentives,
by Kornelius Kraft.

Lay-offs, or even just the likelihood of being laid off, profit-sharing and piece-rates are incentives which can be used alternatively. In particular, laid off wage earners have expenses even if they do end up finding work with the same remuneration. The purpose of the paper is to empirically test to what extent these incentives do increase effectiveness, based on information from German firms. Piecework pay is apparently not effective, profit-sharing is and lay-offs increase productivity but only underneath a certain threshold, regardless of the remuneration level.
Dynamiques sectorielles et modes de rémunération ouvriers dans la crise : le cas français
Authors: Reynaud Bénédicte 
Published: July 2011

Verfahren der Arbeiterentlohnung in der Krise : die Frage der strategischen Entscheidungen
(der f ranzôsische Fall),
von Bénédicte Reynaud.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Umbildung der Gestaltungsverfahren bezüglich der Direktlöhne -der Zeit- und individuellen oder kollektiven Leistungslöhne - wie sie sich von 1978 bis 1986 in Frankreich entwickelt haben.Die Analyse erfasst die Arbeiter der Industriebetriebe und der Bauwirtschaft. Anhand einer sektoralen Analyse wird versucht, die ausschliesslich den Zeitlohn betreffende Progression sowie die Regression derjenigen Lohnsysteme zu erklären, die individuelle oder kollektive Leistungszulagen enthalten. Die Entwicklung der Qualifikation und der Wirtschaftslage der Sektoren -Modernisierungsstrategie, angestrebte Wiederherstellung der Ertragsfähigkeit- treten als die wichtigsten Erklärungsfaktoren hervor.
L'indexation des salaires : la rupture de 1983
Authors: Ralle Pierre , Toujas-Bernate Joël 
Published: July 2011

Wage Indexation: the 1983 Break,
by Pierre Ralie, Joël Toujas-Bernate.

In France in 1983, after the freeze on prices and wages, a specific policy was implemented to reduce wage indexation on prices, thereby making the job market more flexible. Similar policies were enforced in most of the OECD countries. However econometric studies are generally not very successful in revealing the consequential breaks in wage equations. This article shows that the wage indexation coefficient which was equal to one before 1982 has been reduced by about one-third since 1983 on a Phillips curb estimation.
Compétitivité et élasticités du commerce extérieur
Authors: Mathis Jean 
Published: July 2011

Competitiveness and price elasticities of external trade,
by Jean Math is.

Competitiveness is a common concept yet not well defined as far as macroeconomics are concerned. The current account balance is an outcome of competitiveness and not a measurement ; in addition it depends on the general macroeconomic equilibrium and not only on competitiveness. A definition of competitiveness is suggested. Then a very simple model is used to isolate a few parameters that can be a measure of competitiveness. Next, the macroeconomic strategy of competitiveness is defined. Attention is paid to the elasticities of import demand and export demand, for those appear to be crucial parameters of competitiveness ; in particular, the question of their variability with relative prices is examined.