bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Differentiation of Dabbling Ducks (Anseriformes: Anas) Populations From Palaearctic in Time and Space
Authors: Paulauskas Algimantas , Tubelyte Vaida , Baublys Vykintas , Sruoga Aniolas 
Published: October 2009

Genetic Differentiation of Dabbling Ducks (Anseriformes: Anas) Populations From Palaearctic in Time and Space
The genetic variation among populations of dabbling ducks (563 samples of A. acuta, A. clypeata, A. crecca, A. querquedula, A. falcata, A. penelope, A. platyrhynchos) in the Palaearctic region (Lithuania, Chukotka, Kamchatka, Lena, Ob and Kara rivers) was investigated between 1980 and 1998. Fifteen loci of blood serum proteins were surveyed for genetic variation using polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, and eight polymorphic loci were found. The analysis of genetic variation at population and species levels shows that allele frequencies are temporarily variable. The general genetic diversity of dabbling ducks differed among geographically different populations: for Northern Pintail between Ho = 0.264 from Ob river and Ho = 0.331 from Kamchatka; for Eurasian Wigeon between Ho=0.185 from Ob and Ho = 0.263 from Lena river. In Mallard populations mean heterozygosity ranged from Ho = 0.242 (Vente 1998, Lithuania) to Ho = 0.366 (Antanavas 1987, Lithuania). The data obtained from genetic distances revealed that Mallards of Lithuania form no discrete populations and vary temporarily and spatially.
Coi Gene as a Molecular Marker of Elachista Species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Different Lithuanian Populations
Authors: Sruoga Virginijus , Stunžėnas Virmantas , Paulavičiūtė Brigita 
Published: October 2009

Coi Gene as a Molecular Marker of Elachista Species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Different Lithuanian Populations
We compared COI DNA sequences of three Elachista species occurring in Lithuania: Elachista maculicerusella, E. argentella, and E. pollinariella (Gelechioidea: Elachistidae: Elachistinae). Also, intraspecific differences in COI DNA between moth populations were tested. A 705 bp fragment of the 3'-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was used. This mtDNA fragment was significantly different between all studied species. Intraspecific differences were detected only for E. maculicerusella from different Lithuanian populations. Our results support using the COI gene for identification of Elachista species and as a tool for exploring intraspecific differences between populations.
Fragile X Syndrome in Mentally Retarded Patients from Latvia
Authors: Daneberga Zanda , Krūmiņa Zita , Lāce Baiba , Bauze Daiga , Proņina Natālija , Lugovska Rita 
Published: October 2009

Fragile X Syndrome in Mentally Retarded Patients from Latvia
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of FXS in Latvia and characterise the FMR1 CGG-repeat structure in Latvian patients exhibiting mental retardation. A group of 352 unrelated patients with mental retardation (MR) referred from clinical geneticists was screened by PCR for the normal allele. In a sample of 245 chromosomes the CGG repeat number was determined by Applied Biosystems protocol on ABI Prism 310. Prevalence of 29, 30, and 31 CGG repeats was found for the normal allele. Five affected patients were detected (detection rate 2.56%). AGG interspersion pattern analysis showed stability of transmission to the next generation for 12 intermediate alleles. The found detection rate of FXS in our survey among MR patients was similar to the detection rate reported in literature. Taking into account the number of confirmed FXS cases we suggest that FXS is still clinically unrecognized in paediatrician practice.
Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania
Authors: Klimas Ramutis , Klimienė Asta 
Published: October 2009

Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania
The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic trend of leanness for purebred pigs, and to determine the relations between meatiness traits, age and live weight of animals. The estimation of meatiness traits (backfat and loin lean thickness, lean meat percentage) of purebred Lithuanian White (LW), Large White (La.W), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), Duroc (D) and Pietrain (P) pigs grown in breeding centres was evaluated by apparatus Piglog 105, during 2000-2006. In 2006, the average lean meat percentage of purebred pigs in the breeding centres of Lithuania ranged from 56.9% (LW) to 59.5% (D). During the observation period (2000-2006), the genetic trend of the leanness of LW was 6.9% (P < 0.001), La.W and L, respectively, was 2.2 and 2.5% (P < 0.01), D was 1.6% (P < 0.05), Y was 0.2% and P was 0.6%. A higher genetic trend of the leanness in the LW pig breed can be explained by import of English La.W boars. Correlation analysis showed that lean meat percentage of pigs is more related to backfat thickness (r = from -0.84 to -0.95, P < 0.001), than to loin lean thickness (r = from 0.11 to 0.30). Live weight of pigs had more influence on mentioned meatiness traits than age.
Reflections on the Future of Veterinary Medical Education
Authors: Prasse Keith W. 
Published: October 2009

Dr. Keith Prasse is a very distinguished leader in veterinary education. He started his career achieving his BS and DVM degrees from Iowa State University (ISU). He returned to ISU after a brief period in private practice in Illinois. His well-recognized career in veterinary pathology began with his MS and PhD degrees, followed by a five-year period of teaching at ISU. Dr. Prasse joined the faculty of the University of Georgia in 1972, and thus began a long-term partnership with Dr. Bob Duncan that is arguably the foundation of veterinary clinical pathology. The textbook they authored, Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, or “Duncan and Prasse” as it is known, remains the standard today, with later participation from Dr. Ed Mahaffey and most recently Dr. Ken Latimer. Dr. Prasse has mentored numerous graduate students and received many awards over his 23-year career in teaching, including the Norden Distinguished Teaching award twice, once at ISU and once at Georgia. His leadership as President of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists was greatly acknowledged and appreciated. Dr. Prasse's administrative service at the University of Georgia spanned 14 years, first as Associate Dean for Public Service and Outreach and later as Dean for eight years, during which time he served as President of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC). The growth of the College of Veterinary Medicine under Dean Prasse's visionary leadership was extraordinary. He led through difficult economic and political times, yet the college and its community continued to prosper. His legacy at the University of Georgia is indelible and perpetual. His outstanding leadership of the college was recognized by the Georgia Veterinary Medical Association in 2004, when he was given the Georgia Veterinarian of the Year award. Since his retirement from Georgia, Dr. Prasse has contributed greatly to the profession and to the AAVMC by leading the Foresight project. Dr. Prasse honored those attending the 2009 AAVMC Symposium by giving the Recognition Lecture. As always, his address was inspirational, and the substance of it is included here.                —Sheila W. Allen, Dean, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine
Leges Scocieand the Lawcodes of David I, William the Lion and Alexander II
Authors: Taylor Alice 
Published: October 2009

This paper examines Leges Scocie (LS), the main source used by Patrick Wormald in ‘Anglo-Saxon Law and Scots Law’. It is shown here that the capitula of LS reveal much not only about the development of legal procedure in Scotland but also about the nature of medieval Scottish society in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. In the process of this discussion, some conclusions put forward by Wormald about this material are questioned. This paper also shows that the ‘laws’ of David, William and Alexander II, once believed to be nebulous texts without any clear manuscript form, are, in fact, coherent legal compilations worthy of study in their own right. This corrects the impression that the early laws of Scotland survive in a manuscript tradition too late and too complicated to be studied with any fruitful results and thus opens up the material in volume i of The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland for further study. The paper concludes by arguing that the evidence contained in all these lawcodes can provide rather different narratives of subjects that are key to our understanding of Scotland during the central Middle Ages: the exercise of royal power, the ‘Anglo-Norman Era’ and the extent of the Scottish state before the twelfth century.
BeO-OSL detectors for dose measurements in cell cultures
Authors: Sommer D. , Freudenberg R. , Reichelt U. , Henniger J. , Kotzerke J. , Andreeff M. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Aim: The absorbed dose is an important parameter in experiments involving irradiation of cells in vitro with unsealed radionuclides. Typically, this is estimated with a model calculation, although the results thus obtained cannot be verified. Generally used real-time measurement methods are not applicable in this setting. A new detector material with in vitro suitability is the subject of this work. Methods: Optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters based on beryllium oxide (BeO) were used for dose measurement in cell cultures exposed to unsealed radionuclides. Their qualitative properties (e. g. energy-dependent count rate sensitivity, fading, contamination by radioactive liquids) were determined and compared to the results of a Monte Carlo simulation (using AMOS software). OSL dosimeters were tested in common cell culture setups with a known geometry. Results: Dose reproducibility of the OSL dosimeters was ± 1.5%. Fading at room temperature was 0.07% per day. Dose loss (optically-stimulated deletion) under ambient lighting conditions was 0.5% per minute. The Monte Carlo simulation for the relative sensitivity at different beta energies provided corresponding results to those obtained with the OSL dosimeters. Dose profile measurements using a 6 well plate and 14 ml PP tube showed that the geometry of the cell culture vessel has a marked influence on dose distribution with 188Re. Conclusion: A new dosimeter system was calibrated with β-emitters of different energy. It turned out as suitable for measuring dose in liquids. The dose profile measurements obtained are suitably precise to be used as a check against theoretical dose calculations.
Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India
Authors: Vidya Madhavan , Saravanan Shanmugam , Uma Shanmugasundaram , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Sunil Solomon S , Kantor Rami , Katzenstein David , Ramratnam Bharat , Mayer Kenneth H , Suniti Solomon , Balakrishnan Pachamuthu 
Published: October 2009

Background HIV type-1 (HIV-1) monitoring in resource-limited settings relies on clinical and immunological assessment. The objective of this study was to study the frequency and pattern of reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance among patients with immunological failure (IF) to first-line therapy. Methods A cross-sectional study of 228 patients with IF was done, of which 126 were drug-naive (group A) when starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 102 were exposed to mono/dual therapy prior to HAART initiation (group B). A validated in-house genotyping method and Stanford interpretaion was used. Means, sd, median and frequencies (as percentages) were used to indicate the patient characteristics in each group. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables as appropriate. All analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 13.0. P-values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results RT drug resistance mutations were found in 92% and 96% of patients in groups A and B, respectively. Median (interquartile range) CD4+ T–cell count at failure was 181 cells/ml (18–999) and time to failure was 40 months (2–100). M184V (80% versus 75%), thymidine analogue mutations (63% versus 74%), Y181C (39% versus 39%) and K103N (29% versus 39%) were predominant RT mutations in both groups. Extensive nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor cross-resistance mutations were observed in 51% and 26% of patients in group B and A, respectively. Conclusions Alternative strategies for initial therapy and affordable viral load monitoring could reduce resistance accumulations and preserve available drugs for future options in resource-limited settings.
Efficient Functionalisation of Cubic Monovinylsilsesquioxanes via Cross‐Metathesis and Silylative Coupling with Olefins in the Presence of Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Żak Patrycja , Pietraszuk Cezary , Marciniec Bogdan , Spólnik Grzegorz , Danikiewicz Witold 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMonovinylheptaisobutylsilsesquioxane undergoes efficient cross‐metathesis and silylative coupling with styrenes. Allyl derivatives were successfully tested in cross‐metathesis in the presence of first generation Grubbs’ catalyst, while heteroatom‐substituted vinyl derivatives (vinyl ethers, 9‐vinylcarbazole) efficiently undergo silylative coupling catalysed by ruthenium hydride complexes. Both reactions proceed highly stereoselectively and lead to nearly quantitative formation of E isomers. Only when vinyl ethers are used does the reaction lead to a mixture of stereoisomers. Atmospheric pressure photoionisation has been successfully used for recording mass spectra of the functionalised silsesquioxanes.
Reusable Copper‐Aluminum Hydrotalcite/rac‐BINOL System for Room Temperature Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Arundhathi R. , Likhar Pravin R. , Damodara D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn efficient catalyst system consisting of copper‐aluminum hydrotalcite/rac‐BINOL ligand has been developed for the oxidation of alcohols using air as a green oxidant at room temperature. Various alcohols could be transformed into their corresponding aldehydes or ketones in good to excellent yields using the set of optimal conditions. This composite catalytic system can also be recovered and reused for several cycles without a significant loss of catalytic activity.
Metal‐Free: An Efficient and Selective Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Oxime and N‐Hydroxyphthalimide
Authors: Zheng Gengxiu , Liu Chunhong , Wang Qiufen , Wang Mingyu , Yang Guanyu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA non‐metal catalytic system consisting of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons with dioxygen is described. The synergistic effect of DMG and NHPI ensures its efficient catalytic ability: 82.1% conversion of ethylbenzene with 94.9% selectivity for acetophenone could be obtained at 80 °C under 0.3 MPa of dioxygen in 10 h. Several hydrocarbons were efficiently oxidized to their corresponding oxygenated products under mild conditions.
Axial Chirality Control by 2,4‐Pentanediol for the Alternative Synthesis of C3*‐TunePhos Chiral Diphosphine Ligands and Their Applications in Highly Enantioselective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Sun Xianfeng , Li Wei , Hou Guohua , Zhou Le , Zhang Xumu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of a series of C3*‐TunePhos chiral diphosphine ligands was well established with several remarkable features. The synthetic utility of these ligands was explored for the ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐keto esters. Up to 99% ee values were achieved for the enantioselective synthesis of β‐hydroxy acid derivatives, which are very important chiral building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of natural products and biologically active molecules.
Alte und neue Konzepte für thermoelektrische Materialien
Authors: Sootsman Joseph R. , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGrundkonzepte für die Erforschung thermoelektrischer Materialien, der gegenwärtige Kenntnisstand und neueste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet sind die Themen dieses Aufsatzes. In aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten werden der Leistungsfaktor maximiert und/oder die Wärmeleitfähigkeit minimiert, um höhere ZT–Werte zu erzielen. Ansätze zur Maximierung des Leistungsfaktors sind die Entwicklung neuer oder das Optimieren existierender Materialien durch Dotieren sowie die Erforschung nanoskaliger Materialien. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit kann minimiert werden durch das Herstellen fester Lösungen, die Verwendung von Materialien mit niedriger intrinsischer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und durch Nanostrukturierung. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die aussichtsreichsten thermoelektrischen Bulkmaterialien unter Berücksichtigung der während des letzten Jahrzehnts gewonnenen Erkenntnisse. Zu Beginn werden die Kristallstruktur und die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften einphasiger Bulkmaterialien sowie die Optimierung ihrer thermoelektrischen Leistung diskutiert. Anschließend wird untersucht, welche neuen Möglichkeiten sich durch den Einsatz nanostrukturierter Kompositmaterialien ergeben. Den Abschluss bildet ein Ausblick in die fernere Zukunft.
Phthalocyanine–C60 Fused Conjugates Exhibiting Molecular Orbital Interactions Depending on the Solvent Polarity
Authors: Fukuda Takamitsu , Hashimoto Naoaki , Araki Yasuyuki , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Ito Osamu , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNew covalently C60‐connected zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives have been synthesized by utilizing successive cycloaddition reactions of C60 with a ZnPc derivative containing a pyridazine moiety employing Komatsu’s method in reaction of C60 with phthalazine. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of the fused conjugate (5) shows red shifts from the corresponding absorption of ZnPc derivative (8), indicating interactions between the ZnPc and C60 moieties. The DFT calculations under non‐polar medium predict that the HOMO and LUMO of 5 localize on the ZnPc moiety, whereas LUMO+1 localizes on the C60 moiety, which reasonably explain the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and absorption spectra in toluene. Electrochemical redox potentials of 5 in polar solvents indicate the first‐oxidation potential arises from the ZnPc moiety, whereas the first reduction potential is associated with the C60 moiety, suggesting the LUMO localizes on the C60 moiety in polar solvent. This reversal of the LUMO is supported by the ZnPc‐fluorescence quenching with a nearby C60 moiety in benzonitrile, which leads to the charge‐separation via the excited singlet state of the ZnPc moiety. In toluene on the other hand, such a ZnPc‐fluorescence quenching owing to the photoinduced charge separation is not observed as predicted by the DFT‐calculated LUMO on the ZnPc moiety.
The neighbor enclosed area tracking algorithm for extratropical wintertime cyclones
Authors: Inatsu Masaru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe neighbor enclosed area tracking (NEAT) algorithm is proposed as an alternative method to conventional point‐to‐point cyclone tracking approaches. NEAT enables us to count the genesis and tracks of individual cyclones as well as the number of merged and separated cyclones. Little difference in cyclone genesis or track climatology in the Northern Hemisphere was found between NEAT and conventional tracking. The NEAT results indicate a high probability of cyclone merger in the western Pacific and western Atlantic. Composite maps and backtracking from merged cyclones reveal the characteristics of merged cyclones. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Evaluation of high‐resolution precipitation estimate over the Amazon Basin
Authors: Santos e Silva Cláudio Moisés , de Freitas Saulo Ribeiro , Gielow Ralf , de Barros Sheila Santana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUsing rainfall data from S‐band radar measurements, the estimative of the rainfall from the 3B42_V6 algorithm was evaluated for the region of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission and Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM–LBA) experiment, which was conducted in the Amazon Basin during the 1999 rainy season. The algorithm correctly represented the diurnal rainfall cycle, but underestimated overall precipitation rates by about 50%. It adequately represented most of the stratiform (convective) rainfall during the break (active) phase of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). Thus, some uncertainties, as well as the algorithm applicability for the region and period studied, were demonstrated. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Quasi‐biennial oscillations in spectral aerosol optical depth
Authors: Beegum S. Naseema , Moorthy K. Krishna , Babu S. Suresh , Reddy R. Ramakrishna , Gopal K. Rama , Ahmed Y. Nazeer 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAnalysis of long‐term time series of monthly mean aerosol optical depths (AOD) at four tropical stations over Asia and Africa revealed the presence of significant annual oscillations (AO) and quasi‐biennial oscillations (QBO). While the AOs were the dominant features, the QBOs in AOD (QBOAOD) were also quite strong and were well associated with the QBO in stratospheric zonal wind (QBOU). At the equatorial stations, QBOAOD were out of phase with QBOU, while they were in phase at the off‐equatorial stations. However, QBO in both outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and rainfall showed an out‐of‐phase relationship with QBOAOD at all stations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Pulsed electromagnetic fields accelerate proliferation and osteogenic gene expression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Sun Li‐Yi , Hsieh Dean‐Kuo , Lin Po‐Cheng , Chiu Hsien‐Tai , Chiou Tzyy‐Wen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOsteogenesis is a complex series of events involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to generate new bone. In this study, we examined the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization of the extracellular matrix, and gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) during osteogenic differentiation. Exposure of BMMSCs to PEMFs increased cell proliferation by 29.6% compared to untreated cells at day 1 of differentiation. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR indicated that PEMFs significantly altered temporal expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, including a 2.7‐fold increase in expression of the key osteogenesis regulatory gene cbfa1, compared to untreated controls. In addition, exposure to PEMFs significantly increased ALP expression during the early stages of osteogenesis and substantially enhanced mineralization near the midpoint of osteogenesis. These results suggest that PEMFs enhance early cell proliferation in BMMSC‐mediated osteogenesis, and accelerate the osteogenesis. Bioelectromagnetics 31:209–219, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.