bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency ultrasound diagnosis of traumatic renal cyst rupture
Authors: Walsh Brooks , Sutijono Darrell , Moore Christopher L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Renal cyst rupture secondary to trauma is a rare occurrence. A case is reported of a ruptured renal cyst after a fall in a 79-year-old man with a history of multicystic kidney disease. The focused sonographic findings of the renal cyst rupture are described.
Real-time video transmission of ultrasound images to an iPhone
Authors: Liteplo Andrew S. , Noble Vicki E. , Attwood Ben 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
As point-of-care ultrasound spreads across the globe, there is an increased need for training and supervision of ultrasound studies. Real-time oversight is important, especially in critically ill patients, but often an expert ultrasound over-read is not available on location. Technological advances have improved data transmission so that images and videos can be sent great distances very rapidly. In this study, we examine the feasibility of real-time wireless transmission of ultrasound video to an iPhone.

Methods
An ultrasound machine was connected via a video converter to a laptop. iCam (SKJM, LLC) software was used to transmit the video across the Atlantic Ocean to an iPhone. Images typical for those performed in an emergency department were sent, in random order by a ‘scanning physician.’ An ‘interpreting physician’ overseas was asked to identify the anatomy, presence or absence of pathology, and comment on the quality, speed, and delay of transmission.

Results
Rapid image transmission was feasible and the ‘interpreting physician’ was always able to correctly identify the anatomy and orientation. The average delay was minimal (2.7 s), allowing for real-time feedback. The frame rate was markedly slower in the received images as compared to the transmitted images, and was faster when the iPhone was connected via WiFi (1.1 fps) versus a 3G connection (0.4 fps).

Conclusion
Transmission of real-time ultrasound video to a remote iPhone using inexpensive technology is feasible, with the preservation of image quality and minimal delay. Transmission speed was superior with a WiFi connection than with a 3G connection.
Comparison of daily and weekly retrospectively reported pain intensity in patients with localized and generalized musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Giske Liv , Sandvik Leiv , Røe Cecilie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare daily and weekly recalled pain intensity over time and their correspondence with real‐time pain intensity in patients with localized (LP) and generalized (GP) musculoskeletal pain. Daily recalled pain, averaged over seven consecutive days, and weekly recalled pain at day 8 were recorded on 100 mm visual analogue scales monthly over 4 months for 40 LP and 50 GP patients. Multiple real‐time pain ratings on numerical rating scales (0–10) were averaged over the week for 23 LP and 33 GP patients in Month 4. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard deviations of the repeated measurements.Daily pain ratings were lower than weekly ratings across the 4‐month period. Reliability was lower for weekly than for daily recalled pain in the GP group, and lower than in the LP group. These results were independent of the magnitude of pain intensity. No difference was found between daily recalled and real‐time ratings. The ICC was higher between daily and real‐time ratings than between weekly and real‐time ratings in Month 4. Weekly ratings were higher than real‐time ratings in the GP group, and the overestimation increased with increasing pain intensity.The results of the present study indicated that reliability was improved by using ratings of daily recalled pain averaged over a week rather than single ratings of weekly recalled pain in subjects with localized or generalized pain. Weekly recalled pain was overestimated in subjects exhibiting generalized pain and high pain intensity.
Improvement in nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian school children: findings from the ‘Medical education for children/Adolescents for Realistic prevention of obesity and diabetes and for healthy aGeing’ (MARG) intervention study
Authors: Shah Priyali , Misra Anoop , Gupta Nidhi , Hazra Daya Kishore , Gupta Rajeev , Seth Payal , Agarwal Anand , Gupta Arun Kumar , Jain Arvind , Kulshreshta Atul , Hazra Nandita , Khanna Padmamalika , Gangwar Prasann Kumar , Bansal Sunil , Tallikoti Pooja , Mohan Indu , Bhargava Rooma , Sharma Rekha , Gulati Seema , Bharadwaj Swati , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Goel Kashish 
Published: April 2010

Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity calls for comprehensive and cost-effective educative measures in developing countries such as India. School-based educative programmes greatly influence children's behaviour towards healthy living. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a school-based health and nutritional education programme on knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian school children. Benchmark assessment of parents and teachers was also done. We educated 40 196 children (aged 8–18 years), 25 000 parents and 1500 teachers about health, nutrition, physical activity, non-communicable diseases and healthy cooking practices in three cities of North India. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess randomly selected 3128 children, 2241 parents and 841 teachers before intervention and 2329 children after intervention. Low baseline knowledge and behaviour scores were reported in 75–94 % government and 48–78 % private school children, across all age groups. A small proportion of government school children gave correct answers about protein (14–17 %), carbohydrates (25–27 %) and saturated fats (18–32 %). Private school children, parents and teachers performed significantly better than government school subjects (P < 0·05). Following the intervention, scores improved in all children irrespective of the type of school (P < 0·001). A significantly higher improvement was observed in younger children (aged 8–11 years) as compared with those aged 12–18 years, in females compared with males and in government schools compared with private schools (P < 0·05 for all). Major gaps exist in health and nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour of urban Asian Indian children, parents and teachers. This successful and comprehensive educative intervention could be incorporated in future school-based health and nutritional education programmes.
Molecular mechanism of green microalgae,Dunaliella salina, involved in attenuating balloon injury-induced neointimal formation
Authors: Sheu Ming-Jyh , Cheng Hsu-Chen , Chien Yi-Chung , Chou Pei-Yu , Huang Guang-Jhong , Chen Jwo-Sheng , Lin Sung-Yuan , Wu Chieh-Hsi 
Published: April 2010

The pathological mechanism of restenosis is primarily attributed to excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The preventive effects of ethanol extract ofDunaliella salina(EDS) on balloon injury-induced neointimal formation were investigated. To explore its molecular mechanism in regulating cell proliferation, we first showed that EDS markedly reduced the human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation via the inhibition of 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation at 40 and 80 μg/ml. This was further supported by the G0/G1-phase arrest using a flow cytometric analysis. In anin vivostudy, EDS at 40 and 80 μg/ml was previously administered to the Sprague–Dawley rats and found that the thickness of neointima, and the ratio of neointima:media were also reduced. EDS inhibited VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation of VSMC cultures with 15 % fetal bovine serum (FBS). Suppressed by EDS were 15 % FBS-stimulated intracellular Raf, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-Erk) involved in cell-cycle arrest and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) was also suppressed by EDS. Also active caspase-9, caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression levels were increased by administration with EDS; the apoptotic pathway may play an important role in the regulatory effects of EDS on cell growth. These observations provide a mechanism of EDS in attenuating cell proliferation, thus as a potential intervention for restenosis.
Computed tomography-based validation of abdominal adiposity measurements from ultrasonography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry
Authors: Gradmark Anna M. I. , Rydh Anders , Renström Frida , De Lucia-Rolfe Emanuella , Sleigh Alison , Nordström Peter , Brage Soren , Franks Paul W. 
Published: April 2010

Large-scale aetiological studies of obesity and its pathological consequences require accurate measurements of adipose mass, distribution and subtype. Here, we compared the validity of three abdominal obesity assessment methods (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound and anthropometry) against the gold-standard method of computed tomography (CT) in twenty-nine non-diseased middle-aged men (BMI 26·5 (sd 3·1) kg/m2) and women (BMI 25·5 (sd 3·2) kg/m2). Assessments of adipose mass (kg) and distribution (total subcutaneous (TSAT), superficial subcutaneous (SSAT), deep subcutaneous (DSAT) and visceral (VAT)) were obtained. Spearman's correlations were performed adjusted for age and sex. VAT area that was assessed using ultrasound (r 0·79; P < 0·0001) and waist circumference (r 0·85; P < 0·0001) correlated highly with VAT from CT, as did BMI (r 0·67; P < 0·0001) and DXA (r 0·70; P < 0·0001). DXA (r 0·72; P = 0·0004), BMI (r 0·71; P = 0·0003), waist circumference (r 0·86; P < 0·0001) and ultrasound (r 0·52; P = 0·015) were less strongly correlated with CT TSAT. None of the comparison measures of DSAT was strongly correlated with CT DSAT (all r approximately 0·50; P < 0·02). BMI (r 0·76; P < 0·0001), waist circumference (r 0·65; P = 0·002) and DXA (r 0·75; P < 0·0001) were all fairly strongly correlated with the CT measure of SSAT, whereas ultrasound yielded a weaker yet statistically significant correlation (r 0·48; P = 0·03). Compared with CT, visceral and subcutaneous adiposity can be assessed with reasonable validity using waist circumference and BMI, respectively. Ultrasound or DXA does not generally provide substantially better measures of these traits. Highly valid assessments of DSAT do not appear to be possible with surrogate measures. These findings may help guide the selection of measures for epidemiological studies of obesity.
A human volunteer study to assess the impact of confectionery sweeteners on the gut microbiota composition
Authors: Beards Emma , Tuohy Kieran , Gibson Glenn 
Published: April 2010

Sweeteners are being sourced to lower the energetic value of confectionery including chocolates. Some, especially non-digestible carbohydrates, may possess other benefits for human health upon their fermentation by the colonic microbiota. The present study assessed non-digestible carbohydrate sweeteners, selected for use in low-energy chocolates, for their ability to beneficially modulate faecal bacterial profiles in human volunteers. Forty volunteers consumed a test chocolate (low-energy or experimental chocolate) containing 22·8 g of maltitol (MTL), MTL and polydextrose (PDX), or MTL and resistant starch for fourteen consecutive days. The dose of the test chocolates was doubled every 2 weeks over a 6-week period. Numbers of faecal bifidobacteria significantly increased with all the three test treatments. Chocolate containing the PDX blend also significantly increased faecal lactobacilli (P = 0·00 001) after the 6 weeks. The PDX blend also showed significant increases in faecal propionate and butyrate (P = 0·002 and 0·006, respectively). All the test chocolates were well tolerated with no significant change in bowel habit or intestinal symptoms even at a daily dose of 45·6 g of non-digestible carbohydrate sweetener. This is of importance not only for giving manufacturers a sugar replacement that can reduce energetic content, but also for providing a well-tolerated means of delivering high levels of non-digestible carbohydrates into the colon, bringing about improvements in the biomarkers of gut health.
“Out in the Open in a Threatening World”: The Scottish Churches’ Industrial Mission 1960–1980
Authors: Johnston Ronald , McFarland Elaine 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBy combining archival research with the oral testimony of ex-industrial chaplains – and others with direct experience of industrial mission – this article explores a neglected dimension of religious outreach, and attempts to provide a nuanced interpretation of the interrelationship between de-industrialization and secularization in post-1960 Britain. By 1965, over 100 industrial chaplains operated throughout industrial Scotland across a range of industries. Functioning at the cutting edge of the Kirk’s efforts to halt what was clearly identified as a slide in faith, the chaplains were also perfectly placed to bear witness to Scotland’s traumatic and painful process of de-industrialization. Historians agree that the correlation between falling church attendances and religious belief is problematic, and this case study presents clear evidence that “discursive Christianity” remained significant in Scotland well into the 1980s. However, this research also highlights that institutional religion was far from passive in the face of secularization, and that the very presence of chaplains in the workplaces helped bolster the credibility of religion in a secularizing society.
Workers under Communist Rule: Research in the Former Socialist Countries of Eastern-Central and South-Eastern Europe and in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Heumos Peter 
Published: April 2010

SummaryAfter the collapse of the communist system in eastern Europe, the development of the historiographies in the Czech and Slovak republics, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Federal Republic of Germany has been characterized by a broad spectrum of differences. This article offers an overview of the ways in which these differences have worked out for the history of the working class in the eastern European countries under communist rule, understood here as the social history of workers. It shows that cultural and political traditions and the “embedding” of historical research in the respective societies prior to 1989, the extent to which historiography after 1989 was able to connect to pre-1989 social-historical or sociological investigations, and the specific national political situation after 1989 make up for much of the differences in the ways that the history of the working class is dealt with in the countries concerned.
Population status and identification of potential habitats for the conservation of the Endangered black howler monkeyAlouatta pigrain northern Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Bonilla-Sánchez Yadira M. , Serio-Silva Juan Carlos , Pozo-Montuy Gilberto , Bynum Nora 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the Mexican state of Chiapas the rainforest has been cleared, to make way for crops and extensive cattle ranching, at an annual rate of 12.4% since 2002. The conservation status of the Endangered black howler monkeyAlouatta pigrain these fragmented landscapes in north-eastern Chiapas has not previously been examined. We therefore surveyedA. pigrapopulations in the municipality of Playas de Catazajá during 2004–2006 to obtain population and habitat data for this species in 115 fragments of remnant vegetation. A geographical information system was used to determine the variables (fragment size, and distances to the nearest fragment, human settlement and water body) that could be used to generate an index of habitat potential forA. pigra. We estimated a population of 659 individuals and a mean troop size of 5.0 ± SE 2.3. The adult male : female ratio was 1 : 1.4, the adult female : juvenile ratio 1 : 0.6 and adult female : immature ratio 1 : 0.8. The index of habitat potential indicates that 12% of the fragments have a high conservation potential forA. pigra. This index is a valuable tool for evaluating the conservation status of this species and its habitat, and can be expanded to include additional variables, thus allowing for a more comprehensive assessment.
Abies pinsapoforests in Spain and Morocco: threats and conservation
Authors: Esteban L.G. , de Palacios P. , Aguado L. Rodríguez-Losada 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe conifer forests of the Mediterranean Basin have been subjected to overuse by humans since ancient times. Some species have survived in inaccessible refuges but the ranges of other species have been greatly reduced by the effects of clearance for agriculture, livestock raising, illegal felling and, in some cases, fire. The firs are no exception and some now exist only as relict species.Abies pinsapois an example, with the species surviving in only three enclaves in southern Spain and two in northern Morocco. Until the mid 20th centuryA. pinsapoforests were subject to major anthropogenic pressures, and in Spain they were under constant threat of overuse until they were acquired by the State. Conservation efforts have now, however, been undertaken in both Spain and Morocco, and the fact that all theA. pinsapoforests are covered by some form of protection preserves them from further inappropriate use or exploitation. These forests are now recovering after years of intensive grazing and use of their timber for construction, firewood and charcoal making. However, these relict forests face the new threats of climate change, arson and the appearance of pests. The limited area occupied by these forests makes them highly vulnerable to disturbance.
SAIL – stereo-array isotope labeling
Authors: Kainosho Masatsune , Güntert Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOptimal stereospecific and regiospecific labeling of proteins with stable isotopes enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for the determination of the three-dimensional protein structures in solution. Stereo-array isotope labeling (SAIL) offers sharpened lines, spectral simplification without loss of information and the ability to rapidly collect and automatically evaluate the structural restraints required to solve a high-quality solution structure for proteins up to twice as large as before. This review gives an overview of stable isotope labeling methods for NMR spectroscopy with proteins and provides an in-depth treatment of the SAIL technology.
Objections to Social Trinitarianism
Authors: HASKER WILLIAM 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article reviews a number of objections to Social Trinitarianism that have been presented in the recent literature, especially objections alleging that Social Trinitarianism is not truly monotheistic. A number of the objections are found to be successful so far as they go, but they apply only to some versions of Social Trinitarianism and not to all. Objections to Social Trinitarianism as such, on the other hand, are not successful. The article concludes with a proposal for a Social Trinitarian conception of the unity of God.
Plantinga's belief-cum-desire argument refuted
Authors: LAW STEPHEN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Warrant and Proper Function, Alvin Plantinga develops an argument designed to show that naturalism is self-defeating. One component of this larger argument is what I call Plantinga's belief-cum-desire argument, which is intended to establish something more specific: that if the content of our beliefs does causally effect behaviour (that is to say, semantic content is not epiphenomenal), and if naturalism and current evolutionary doctrine are correct, then the probability that we possess reliable cognitive mechanisms must be either inscrutable or low. This paper aims to refute Plantinga's belief-cum-desire argument.
De Gaulle's Race to the Bottom: The Netherlands, France and the Interwoven Problems of British EEC Membership and European Political Union, 1958–1963
Authors: SEGERS MATHIEU 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhy did de Gaulle veto the United Kingdom's accession to the European Economic Community in 1963? This article addresses the interlinked struggles over British accession and European political union in the early 1960s. The focus is on the crucially conflicting relations between de Gaulle and the Netherlands, his main opponent on both issues. Who won the Franco-Dutch battle and why? This article assesses these questions on the basis of new multi-archival material and highlights a hitherto largely unnoticed rhetorical battle, which explains the course of events and reveals a previously largely unnoticed logic behind de Gaulle's manoeuvring in the intertwined negotiations over European political union, the Common Agricultural Policy and the UK membership bid.
Empathic deficits in schizophrenia: The potential role of rapid facial mimicry
Authors: VARCIN KANDICE J. , BAILEY PHOEBE E. , HENRY JULIE D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEmotional facial expressions evoke rapid, involuntary, and covert facial reactions in the perceiver that are consistent with the emotional valence of the observed expression. These responses are believed to be an important low-level mechanism contributing to the experience of empathy, which some have argued rely on a simulation mechanism subserved by the human mirror neuron system (MNS). Because schizophrenia is associated with pervasive social cognitive difficulties which have been linked to structural abnormalities in the MNS network, the aim of the present study was to provide the first assessment of how rapid facial mimicry reactions (within 1000 ms poststimulus onset) are affected in schizophrenia. Activity in thecorrugator superciliiandzygomaticus majormuscle regions was quantified using electromyography while individuals with schizophrenia (n= 25) and controls (n= 25) viewed images of happy and angry facial expressions. In contrast to controls, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated atypical facial mimicry reactions which were not associated with any clinical features of the disorder. These data provide evidence for a low-level disruption that may be contributing to empathizing deficits in schizophrenia and are discussed in relation to neuropsychological models of empathy and schizophrenia. (JINS, 2010,16, 621–629.)
Ultrastructural Imaging ofCandida albicansAdhesion to Rat Genital Epithelium through Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Damke Edilson , Storti-Filho Agenor , Irie Mary M.T. , Carrara Márcia A. , Batista Marcia R. , Donatti Lucélia , Gunther Luciene S.A. , Patussi Eliana V. , Svidzinski Terezinha I.E. , Consolaro Márcia E.L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe adhesion ofCandida albicansto the genital epithelium has not been fully investigatedin vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural aspects ofC. albicansadhesion in the lower genital system of female Wistar rats through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The genital infection persisted until the end of the experiment, and all rats showed the same adhesion aspects. Various associated yeast/hyphae were observed in the lumen and adhered both at the vaginal and endocervical levels where the fungal filamentation process occurred. In the vaginal epithelium, closely adhered yeasts were observed as stretched strands bridging between yeasts and the epithelium surface. Different stages of the adhesion, where yeasts internalized into the epithelial cell inside a cytoplasmic vacuole, resembling endocytosis, and a wide fibrillar-floccular, glycocalyx-like layer on the yeasts were observed. On the endocervix, the adhesion occurred between the cilia. In the uterine body, only a yeast-like form was observed with superficial contact. This study reached the initial goal of demonstrating an experimental model forin vivostudies. Continuation of this line of research is important for studies of vulvovaginal candidiasis.