bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face-on and Columnar Porphyrin Assemblies at Solid/Liquid Interface on HOPG
Authors: Otsuki Joe , Namiki Kazuhiko , Arai Yuki , Amano Makoto , Sawai Hirokazu , Tsukamoto Arata , Hagiwara Toshiki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Porphyrins having alkyl chains, each of which contains a diacetylene unit, were prepared to examine their self-assembled structures at the liquid/solid interface on graphite. The porphyrins with the longest alkyl chains form a face-on arrangement on the surface, while those with shorter alkyl chains form highly ordered one-dimensional columns. This work demonstrates that introducing a structural perturbation in the alkyl chain is a useful strategy to obtain novel surface assemblies.
The Effect of Zn Addition to La1−xSrxScO3−δ Systems as a B-site Dopant
Authors: Ito Naoki , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Kawasaki Yuya , Okada Sachio , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Zn was introduced to La1−xSrxScO3−δ as a B-site dopant. The addition of Zn markedly improved the sinterability of the material, and a dense sinter could be synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. Although conductivity was slightly decreased by the addition of Zn, it was shown that La1−xSrxSc1−yZnyO3−δ is a useful electrolyte material for intermediate-temperature fuel cells.
TEMPO-based Redox-sensitive Fluorescent Probes and Their Applications to Evaluating Intracellular Redox Status in Living Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Shanlin , Wang Yanguang 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Two redox-sensitive fluorescent probes were developed for evaluating the intracellular redox status of living cells as a complement to the widely used dye 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH).
Social ties and short‐term self‐reported delinquent behaviour of personality disordered forensic outpatients
Authors: Bouman Yvonne H. A. , de Ruiter Corine , Schene Aart H. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose.In community‐based forensic psychiatry, patients' social ties are considered as protective factor in a risk management strategy. However, it is unknown whether these ties actually assist patients to refrain from re‐offending. We hypothesised a protective role for social ties in re‐offending behaviour.Methods.In a sample of forensic outpatients with a personality disorder (N= 55), the relationship between social ties (social contacts and participation in social institutions) and short‐term self‐reported re‐offences was studied within a prospective study design with a 6‐month follow‐up period.Results.Our results provide evidence for a protective function of club participation. For violent re‐offences, social institutions were protective and this protective function remained, even when a patient had network members with a criminal background. Except for work‐related contacts, social contacts did not provide protection.Conclusions.The protective effect of social ties, especially club participation, on desistance from re‐offending in forensic psychiatric patients merits further attention from researchers and clinicians.
Feeding goals sought by mothers of 3–5‐year‐old children
Authors: Moore Sue N. , Tapper Katy , Murphy Simon 
Published: May 2009

ObjectivesOne means through which children learn eating behaviours is the feeding strategies used by parents. Although research has studied the effects of parental feeding strategies on consumption, choice, and liking, little is known about the goals parents themselves seek. The study aimed to explore the feeding goals sought by parents of preschool children.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study using in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews was undertaken. Data were analysed using thematic and interpretative techniques.MethodsA snowballing sample of 12 mothers of children aged 3–5 years was used. Mothers were asked to recall and talk through their feeding experiences with this child. Probe questions were used to explore the reasoning behind the actions described. Data were transcribed and subjected to concurrent coding and interpretation.ResultsMothers spontaneously classified their child as a ‘good’ or a ‘bad’ eater. Consumption emerged as the dominant feeding goal. For ‘bad’ eaters, a short‐term goal of consuming any food, rather than no food, was adopted. For ‘good’ eaters, a long‐term goal of consuming a varied, well‐balanced diet was favoured. Liking as a feeding goal was not mentioned.ConclusionsAlthough the literature suggests that liking is the most appropriate feeding goal for the establishment of long‐term healthy eating behaviours, parents do not knowingly, repeatedly and consistently target food likes as a direct outcome of their feeding strategies. Interventions that focus on ‘how’ parents feed their children, as well as ‘what’, are recommended.
Effects of substrate on laboratory spalting of sugar maple
Authors: Robinson Sara C. , Richter Dana L. , Laks Peter E. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Spalting is the coloration of wood caused by fungal colonization. Woodturners, craftspeople, and artists appreciate spalted wood for its aesthetic appeal and uniqueness. Laboratory-induced spalting aims at a repeatable procedure in which wood is inoculated with selected fungi to obtain natural color with high aesthetic appeal, low weight loss and good machinability. Vermiculite (a natural clay with a high capacity for water holding and cation exchange) has been the primary incubation substrate for spalting research despite soil being the standard substrate for soil block decay testing. In this research, we explored the differences between these two substrates and their effects on the growth of spalting fungi on sugar maple (Acer saccharum) wood. Five fungi, Trametes versicolor, Xylaria polymorpha, Arthrographis cuboidea, Ceratocystis pilifera, and Ceratocystis virescens, were tested for their weight loss and spalting abilities on 14-mm sugar maple cubes incubated in both soil and vermiculite. Weight losses from all fungi were either unaffected or reduced by incubation in vermiculite compared to soil. In vermiculite, X. polymorpha produced more zone lines and A. cuboidea produced more pigment than blocks incubated in soil. Growth in vermiculite decreased weight loss of blocks inoculated with T. versicolor and X. polymorpha, while bleaching was unaffected regardless of substrate. External blue stain was higher on blocks inoculated with either Ceratocystis species and incubated in soil. These results indicate that vermiculite is a better substrate for spalting regardless of fungus due to the higher external pigmentation, lower weight loss, and better color contrast on the sugar maple blocks incubated in this substrate.
Vertical Pullout Test for Measurement of Soil-Geomembrane Interface Friction Parameters
Authors: El Mohtar Chadi S. , Khire Milind V. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This paper presents a vertical pullout test (VPT) developed to measure the peak interface friction angle (δ) and adhesion (a) between soil and planar geosynthetic products. The key advantages of this test are (1) relatively low capital cost for the equipment, (2) relatively simple compared to the conventional methods, (3) the setup can be relatively easily adapted by small conventional soil testing laboratories, and (4) the setup can be transported to the field for field measurement for relatively quick preliminary evaluation of soils. The testing method was evaluated by comparing the δ and a obtained from the VPT to (1) those parameters measured using a conventional soil direct shear apparatus modified to also measure interface friction between planar geomembranes and soil according to ASTM D5321-02, and (2) values published in the literature. Three coarse-grained soils and three types of geomembranes having three sample sizes were evaluated using the pullout test. The peak interface parameters obtained from the VPT were within 12 % of the values obtained from the direct shear test.
Electrochemical and in-situ SERS Study of Passive Film Characteristics and Corrosion Performance of 9%Cr Microcomposite Steel in Highly Alkaline Environments
Authors: Mancio M. , Kusinski G. , Monteiro P. J. M. , Devine T. M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The passive films formed on the 9%Cr, 0.1%C, microcomposite steels (ASTM A1035) in highly alkaline environments, such as concrete pore solutions, were studied. In-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was conducted during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization experiments to characterize the formation and breakdown mechanisms of the passive films formed. A solution of 0.55 M KOH + 0.16 M NaOH, with and without chlorides (0 % and 3.5 % NaCl), was used for the SERS experiments. In addition, the corrosion performance of microcomposite steels as a function of pH (9–13) and ionic strength of the solution (from 10-5 to 10-1 M) was evaluated via polarization resistance (Rp) experiments, and compared to the performance of regular carbon steel. Results show that the passive film formed on the microcomposite steel seems to be characterized mainly by the presence of Cr(OH)3 and minor amounts of Fe species; more specifically Fe3O4 and a Fe(III) phase. The film is considerably more protective than that formed on conventional carbon steel under the same test conditions. Microcomposite steel has not shown a reduction of polarization resistance as a function of pH drop when the ionic strength of the medium was kept constant, in a stark contrast to the behavior verified for the regular carbon steel rebar.
Diffuse scattering and disorder in zirconia
Authors: Frey Friedrich , Boysen Hans , Kaiser-Bischoff Ines 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Diffuse scattering in zirconia is reviewed mainly for yttria- and calcia-stabilized material. Common general disorder features are explained by rhombohedral-type and/or tetragonal-type short-range and long-range ordered clusters or “domains”. Differences are comparatively discussed on the basis of available experimental data and theoretical work.
Diffuse scattering and phason modes in the i-AlPdMn quasicrystalline phase
Authors: Boissieu Marc de , Francoual Sonia 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We review results obtained in the study of the diffuse scattering in the i-AlPdMn quasicrystal. Most of the diffuse scattering is the result of long wavelength phason modes. The shape and intensity distribution of the diffuse scattering is well reproduced using the generalised elasticity theory and two phason elastic constants. The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering indicates a softening of the phason elastic constant as the temperature is lowered. Using coherent X-rays and photo-correlation X-ray spectroscopy, it is shown that phason modes are collective diffusive modes, in agreement with the hydrodynamic theory of long wavelength fluctuations in quasicrystals.
Case studies of molecular disorder
Authors: Ravy Sylvain , Launois Pascale , Moret Roger , Pouget Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this review we present three representative examples of molecular disorder: substitution disorder for carbon nanotubes in zeolite, coupling between substitution disorder and displacements through the pinning of charge-density waves in one-dimensional molecular conductors, and the combination of random packing with orientational disorder in the C60—C60 dimers systems.
Top‐down effects on antagonistic inducible defense and offense
Authors: Kishida Osamu , Trussell Geoffrey C. , Nishimura Kinya 
Published: May 2009

Antagonistic phenotypic plasticity may strongly influence trait evolution in tightly interacting predator–prey pairs as well as the role that trait plasticity plays in community dynamics. Most work on trait plasticity has focused on single predator–prey pairs, but prey must often contend with multiple predators in natural environments. Hence, a better understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of phenotypic plasticity requires experiments that examine how multiple predators shape prey trait plasticity.Here, using a simple food chain consisting of a top predator (dragonfly larvae,Aeshna nigroflava), an intermediate predator (salamander larvae,Hynobius retardatus), and frog (Rana pirica) tadpoles as prey, we show that the presence of dragonfly risk cues substantially modifies the intensity of antagonistic morphological plasticity in both amphibians. In the absence of dragonflies, tadpoles produced bulgier bodies in response to salamanders, and salamanders responded to this defense by enlarging their gape size. However, in the presence of dragonfly risk cues, the expression of both antagonistic traits was significantly reduced because tadpoles and salamanders produced phenotypes that are more effective against dragonfly predators. Thus, the reduced antagonism likely emerged, in part, because the benefits of antagonistic trait expression were outweighed by the potential cost of increased vulnerability to dragonfly predation. In addition, our results suggest that when all three species were present, salamander activity levels, which influence the amount of signals required to induce antagonistic traits, were more strongly affected by dragonfly risk cues than were tadpole activity levels. This species‐specific difference in activity levels was likely responsible for the reduced tadpole mortality caused by salamanders in the presence vs. absence of dragonfly risk cues. Hence, dragonflies had a positive trait‐mediated indirect effect on tadpoles by modifying both the morphological and behavioral traits of salamanders.
Promoting Medication Adherence in Older Adults … and the Rest of Us
Authors: Kocurek Barbara 
Published: May 2009

In Brief
C. Everett Koop, MD, said, “Drugs don't work in patients who don't take them.” There is a lot of evidence that patients are not taking their medications as prescribed. Lack of medication adherence contributes to poor patient outcomes and billions of health care dollars spent unnecessarily. This article reviews medication adherence in the United States, common reasons for lack of adherence, and strategies for improving medication-taking in patients.
Le marquis Scipion de Chambonas ministre des Affaires Étrangères de Louis XVI (juin-juillet 1792)
Authors: Wolf Gerhard 
Published: May 2009

The dismissal of the Girondist government and its replacement by a cabinet of Feuillants was the last self-willed action of the dying Monarchy. What was the echo in the dispatches of the foreign ambassadors ?
To sum up, the nomination of the new government is estimated as a simple change of ministers and not as a prelude of a policy of restoring peace and renewing of the négociations between Paris and Vienna. The likeness with the commentaries of the parisian newspapers is apparent. Indubitably there are some interesting observations about the Marquis de Chambonas, Minister of foreign affairs, intrigues and the situation at Paris, the fear of anarchy in France favoring the ambitions of England, but no hint of comprehension of the events as a whole and nearly any understanding neither of the causes of the revolution in its totality nor of this period.
Gerhard WOLF.
La presse parisienne et la nuit du 4 août
Authors: Freddi Fabio 
Published: May 2009

After the first days immediatly following the night of « sacrifice », about which every newspaper unanimously extolled the decisions taken, emphasizing the leading role taken by the aristocracy themselves in abolishing feudalism, conditions then differed definitely, especially over the question of church tithes. Yet, in all papers, two main themes recurred : firstly, the need to avoid the danger of anarchy by curbing the people's movement ; and secondly, the fight against despotism was to be led by Louis XVI, who, in the opinion of the masses and the politicians themselves, was still greatly trusted. Only one person differed noticeably, that is, Marat, the future « Ami du peuple », who, alone, analysed the events of that night of the fourth of August, not so much in the light of the opposition between the aristocracy of blood and the Nation, so much as in the light of the contrast between the aristocracy of money and the petit- peuple.
Fabio FRÉDDI.
Caractères originaux et cheminements de la Révolution en Corse.
Authors: Casanova Antoine 
Published: May 2009

What are the specific traits of Corsica 's evolution within the French revolutionary transition from fendalism to capitalism ? Some of the main developments are analysed in this paper which first examines the peculiar structure of social relations in rural areas on the eve of the French revolution, then deals with the main features and issues of peasant movements from 1789 to the «Directoire».
Antoine Casanova.
Sur les inégalités sociales en Corse rurale au XVIIIe siècle.
Authors: Carrington Dorothy 
Published: May 2009

A census of 1786, covering about a Fifth of the population, or some 29,500 inhabitants, notes the occupations of the heads of families. Agricultural workers and shepherds make up 58,6 %. More than 11 %, presumably rural notables, admit to no form of work. Half the artisans are concentrated in the densely populated and industrialised Castagniccia. The poor and the beggars — 2 % of the whole — are mostly found in large agricultural villages without common lands.
Dorothy Carington.
A propos des canons siamois offerts à Louis XIV qui participèrent à la prise de la Bastille.
Authors: Jacq-Hergoualc'h Michel 
Published: May 2009

Our aim in this article was to try to find evidence of the traditional belief that the two precious offered to Louis XIV by the King of Siam and brought by his official envoys in 1686, were fired on the Bastille on July 14, 1789 (an anecdote not lacking in irony...);
Our research led us to discover that these cannons were in the Royal Furniture Repository where they were stolen on July 13, 1789, and transported the next day to the gates of the fortress against which they were in fact used. Their fate thereafter is uncertain. One was recovered by the Repository, but stolen again in 1792 for the benefit of one of the gunners' batallions of the capital. It is probable that both of them continued to be used until they no doubt deteriorated or were rendered unrecognizable by the theft, however absurd, of their silver damascene inlay.
M. JACQ-HERGOUALC'H.
Soldats de la Révolution française en captivité à Szeged.
Authors: Palasti Ladislas 
Published: May 2009

The soldiers of French Revolution taken prisoners by the Imperial Army in the years 1793-1800 were almost exclusively taken to different parts of Hungary. The reasons, explaining this fact, the arrangement of their transport, the prisoners' emplacement in the country, and the inhabitants' huma feelings and sympathy for the miserable prisoners are discussed by the author. In Szeged the prisoners were emplaced in the fortress. Because of prohibitive measures captivity meant a great torture for them In spite of being forced to complete inactivity the prisoners at last found the way how to make life bearable for themselves. The mercilessness of Fate made it impossible for a great number of them to see again their far away country. Documents bear evidence of 371 French prisoners / died in the years 1793-1800 /, sleeping their last sleep in Szeged.
Ladislas PALÂSTI.
Sur le curé Meslier, précurseur du matérialisme
Authors: Deruette Serge 
Published: May 2009

ON THE CURE MESLIER, FORERUNNER OF MATERIALISMN
This text is concerned with the place of the curé Meslier in the field of French philosophy and ideology.
The author insists on the strong originality of this thinker of the beginning of the XVIIIth century.
He shows how far in advance the curé was on his time, in the fields of atheism, materialism, communism and revolutionist thought.
He points out that Meslier represents a break with cartesianism, that is, the gap between La Méthode 'system and materialism.
The author argues that this great progress in the history of ideas was possible, not in spite of, but because of Meslier 's lack of knowledge of the philosophical ideas which announced the Enlightenment.
Serge DERUETTE.
La déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et les aspirations libérales en Europe. Le témoignage de la presse
Authors: Allinne Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2009

THE 1789 HUMAN RIGHTS PROCLAMATION AND LIBERAL WISHES IN EUROPE. THE PRESS WITNESS
The weight of the French Great Proclamation suggested a press analysis based on the main « gazettes européennes » : thirty-seven papers out of the most read by the liberal elite from France (11 titles), Austrian Nederlands (8 titles), England (4 titles), German and Italian principalities (7 titles), Holland (2 titles), French speaking Switzerland (3 titles).
A statistical approach shows a common priority to individual and pragmatic rights, especially to commercial liberty in most of The Northern Sea harbours. Inversely, the Southern féodal Europe is more marked by the new idea of the power's share and « Contrat Social ». The « Brissotin » Press in France is nearer from the first utilitarist and concrete view of the human rights.
Jean-Pierre ALLINNE.
Les curés rouges dans la Révolution française (2e article)
Authors: Bianchi Serge 
Published: May 2009

THE « CURES ROUGES » (RED PRIESTS)
The abdication of the « red priests », in the year II, is one of the elements of a religious rupture which is total in its « detestation » of the priesthood, whose errors they aim to expiate by burning their letters or by marriage ; partial, and pregnant with nuances, in their attitude to religion, which some condemn, whilst others worship the « Supreme Being ».
Abdication is a patriotic act, the aim of which is to inculcate civic values and republican morality — for most an unfulfilled ambition. The expression « red priests », despite ambiguity and controversy, can be applied to some 2.500 priests — unequivocal abdicators, active members of peoples associations, anti-clerical, anti- Christ, repudiated by the Convention as soon as they call themselves « red ».
Too republican or too priest, they have been forgotten or condemned by a century of historiography, whereas their original experience throws light on an aspect of the religious history and intellectual theories of the French Revolution.
Serge BIANCHI.
La Bourgeoisie parisienne et la Révolution : remarques méthodologiques pour de nouvelles recherches.
Authors: Ducoudray Émile 
Published: May 2009

The research into the parisian bourgeoisie during the French Revolution consisted initially, at the beginning of the century, in the publication of lists, repertories or nomenclatures belonging to various personnel. After 1918, this approach was abandoned and the study of the bourgeoisie was neglected or depended upon the vision the « Sans-Culottes » had of it. The reasons for this situation are : the disappearance of tax documents following the fires in 1871, the reluctance to go through the legal deeds, and above all, the direction research was following at the time. For several decades now, the research concerning Paris during the Revolution has been dominated by the study of the popular masses and of the activists. Such an approach is paradoxical when one takes into account that the French Revolution is traditionally and universally regarded as the typical bourgeois Revolution and when one does not wish to overlook the part played by Paris in that Revolution. The research strategy proposed here is one of a plan for a political and social prosopographical investigation. As it is impossible to deal, one by one, with the 40.000 people likely to belong to the bourgeoisie classes of the capital, it is fitting, at the outset, to direct one's interest to rather small groups, in the elite involved in politics, (municipal personnel, Sectional personnel, Département of Paris personnel, electors...) who played a role or held public office in Paris between 1789 and 1799.
Emile DUCOUDRAY.