bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal plasma fatty acid composition and pregnancy outcome in adolescents
Authors: Wheeler Simon J. , Poston Lucilla , Thomas Jane E. , Seed Paul T. , Baker Philip N. , Sanders Thomas A. B. 
Published: January 2011

Adolescents are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including spontaneous preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, and typically have a poorer-quality diet than adults have. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that low maternal dietary intake ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LCP) status adversely influences pregnancy outcome. A total of 500 adolescents (14–18 years) were recruited at ≤ 20 weeks' gestation. The frequency of consumption of oily fish was determined by questionnaire (at recruitment and during the third trimester). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids during the third trimester was determined in 283 subjects. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive components, which were divided into tertiles. The pregnancy outcomes were then compared by tertile, adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Of the participants, 69 % reported never eating oily fish during pregnancy, although consumption was not associated with a shorter duration of gestation (P = 0·33), lower customised birth weight (P = 0·82) or higher incidence of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth (P = 0·55). PCA of the fatty acid composition of maternal plasma lipids identified a ‘low PUFA:SFA (P:S) ratio’ component and a ‘highn-3 LCP’ component. There were no differences between tertiles of the ‘highn-3 LCP’ component and gestational age at delivery (P = 0·62), customised birth weight (P = 0·38) or incidence of SGA birth (P = 0·25), nor were there any associations between the ‘low P:S’ ratio component and pregnancy outcome. Lower proportions ofn-3 LCP in plasma lipids are not associated with greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in UK adolescents.
Relative validity of adolescent dietary patterns: a comparison of a FFQ and 3 d food record
Authors: Ambrosini Gina L. , O'Sullivan Therese A. , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: January 2011

Interest in empirically derived dietary patterns has increased over the past decade. However, relatively few studies have evaluated dietary patterns using different dietary methods, or in young populations. We quantitatively compared dietary patterns from a FFQ with those from a 3 d food record (FR) in a cohort of adolescents. Subjects from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study completed a semi-quantitative FFQ and a 3 d FR at 14 years of age (n 783). Major dietary patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis on thirty-eight food groups. Dietary pattern z-scores were compared using 95 % limits of agreement (LOA) and Spearman's r. Two major dietary patterns were identified in the FFQ and FR: a ‘Healthy’ pattern, which was high in fresh fruit, vegetables, whole grains and grilled or canned fish, and a ‘Western’ pattern, which was high in take-away foods, confectionery, soft drinks, crisps and fried potato. The nutrient profiles of these dietary patterns were similar when estimated by the FFQ and FR. The LOA between dietary pattern scores from the FFQ and FR were − 1·69 to 1·75 (‘Healthy’) and − 1·89 to 1·82 (‘Western’). Minor differences in agreement were observed when boys and girls were analysed separately. Spearman's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and the FR were r 0·45 (‘Healthy’) and r 0·36 (‘Western’). Comparable dietary patterns may be obtained from the FFQ and FR using exploratory factor analysis. This supports the use of major dietary patterns identified using the FFQ in this adolescent cohort.
Effect of hydrolysed egg protein on brain tryptophan availability
Authors: Mitchell E. Siobhan , Slettenaar Marieke , Quadt Frits , Giesbrecht Timo , Kloek Joris , Gerhardt Cindy , Bot Arjen , Eilander Ans , Wiseman Sheila 
Published: January 2011

Serotonin synthesis critically depends on plasma levels of tryptophan (TRP). Earlier studies have shown that for mood and cognitive benefits to occur, the ratio between TRP and other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) has to be increased by approximately 40 %. The present study investigated the dose-dependent effects of a TRP-rich hydrolysed protein (egg-protein hydrolysate, EPH) on the plasma TRP:LNAA. Moreover, it was investigated whether EPH could increase TRP:LNAA in the presence of 2 g of milk protein (MP). In a randomised double-blind crossover design, plasma amino acids were measured every 30 min for 3·5 h after ingestion of a drink containing either three different doses of 4, 8 and 12 g EPH containing 270, 560 or 800 mg of TRP, respectively, the combination of 4 g EPH and 2 g MP (74 mg TRP), or 4 g MP (148 mg TRP) in twenty healthy subjects with a mean age of 52 years. All three EPH doses caused significant increases of TRP:LNAA above 40 % at 30, 60 and 90 min after consumption in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the 4 g EPH, the increase in TRP:LNAA in the 4 g EPH with 2 g MP condition was significantly lower at 60 min (63 v. 44 %, P < 0·001) and did not differ significantly at 90 min (58 v. 53 %, P>0·05). The present study showed that a low dose of 4 g EPH with even the addition of 2 g MP was sufficient to increase the ratio of TRP:LNAA above 40 %. Thus, EPH offers a viable ingredient to increase TRP availability.
Consumption of plant sterols in Belgium: consumption patterns of plant sterol-enriched foods in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Sioen Isabelle , Matthys Christophe , Huybrechts Inge , Van Camp John , De Henauw Stefaan 
Published: January 2011

The present study describes the consumption of foods enriched with plant sterols (PS) and supplements containing PS, and evaluates PS intakes via the current consumption and for specific consumption scenarios. A market inventory was performed to collate different PS-enriched food items and supplements available in Belgium. An FFQ was developed to investigate the consumption of PS-enriched foods and supplements. A total of 139 pre-school children (2·5–7 years old) and 569 adults (308 women and 261 men) living in Flanders (the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) participated in the study. Of these, 21 % (Flemish pre-school children) and 28·5 % (Flemish adults) consume PS-enriched food products, leading to a mean PS intake in the consumer group of 0·70 (sd 0·61) g/d for pre-school children and 1·51 (sd 1·42) g/d for adults. Of the adult PS consumers, 23·2 % did not suffer from elevated blood cholesterol levels; 50 % of them had a PS intake less than or equal to 1 g/d and 16·4 % had a PS intake above 3 g/d and 7·8 % even had an intake above 4 g/d. Scenario studies assessed the intake when all Belgian adults would consume PS-enriched margarines without (scenario 1) or with (scenario 2) a daily consumption of a PS-enriched yoghurt drink. This resulted in an intake above 3 g/d in 17 % (women) and 29 % (men) for scenario 1 and 40 % (women) and 53 % (men) for scenario 2. The results indicate that PS-enriched food products are also consumed by the non-target group. Efficient communication tools are needed to inform consumers better about the target group of PS-enriched products, the advised dose per day and alternative dietary strategies to lower the blood cholesterol level.
Chromium and iron content in duplicate meals at a university residence: daily intake and dialysability
Authors: Cabrera-Vique Carmen , Mesías Marta 
Published: January 2011

The objective of the present study was to determine total Cr and Fe content and the corresponding mineral dialysable fraction in a total of sixty-three duplicate meals. Samples of breakfast, lunch and dinner were taken over twenty-one consecutive days at a female university residence in Granada (Spain). Cr content in the duplicate daily meals ranged from 98·50 to 120·80 μg, with a mean of 110·00 μg, and Fe levels ranged from 9·50 to 40·00 mg, with a mean content of 18·50 mg. The mean Cr and Fe dialysable fractions ranged from 0·50 to 1·50 % and from 7·75 to 11·80 %, respectively. Possible correlations with energy and other nutrient intakes were also evaluated. Adherence of the meals to the Mediterranean dietary patterns was tested, and these findings reveal that a balanced and varied diet based on a Mediterranean-style diet plan provides adequate levels and bioaccessibility of Cr and Fe for young women, which is especially important to avoid mineral deficiencies.
JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING AND TRANSNATIONAL LAW: A SURVEY OF COMMON LAW SUPREME COURT JUDGES
Authors: Flanagan Brian , Ahern Sinéad 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis is a survey study of 43 judges from the British House of Lords, the Caribbean Court of Justice, the High Court of Australia, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, and the Supreme Courts of Ireland, India, Israel, Canada, New Zealand and the United States on the use of foreign law in constitutional rights cases. We find that the conception of apex judges citing foreign law as a source of persuasive authority (associated with Anne-Marie Slaughter, Vicki Jackson and Chris McCrudden) is of limited application. Citational opportunism and the aspiration to membership of an emerging international ‘guild’ appear to be equally important strands in judicial attitudes towards foreign law. We argue that their presence is at odds with Ronald Dworkin's theory of legal objectivity, and is revealed in a manner meeting his own methodological standard for attitudinal research.Wordsworth's words, written about the French Revolution, will, I hope, still ring true: Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive. But to be young was very heaven.– Justice Stephen Breyer's assessment of ‘the global legal enterprise now upon us’ before the American Society of International Law (2003)
CHOICE OF LAW REGARDING THE VOLUNTARY ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE ROME I REGULATION
Authors: Hartley Trevor C 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe voluntary assignment of contractual (and non-contractual) obligations in conflict of laws is governed by article 14 of the Rome I Regulation. Under this, the validity of the assignment as between the assignor and assignee is governed by the law applicable to the contract between them (paragraph 1 of article 14). On the other hand, the assignability of the claim and the relationship between the debtor and the assignee are governed by the law applicable to the obligation assigned (paragraph 2 of article 14). Certain issues are, however, outside the scope of article 14 as it stands at present. These are the question of priorities between competing assignments (if the same obligation is assigned twice to different assignees) and the rights of third parties (mainly creditors of the assignor). This article examines the precise scope of the two existing paragraphs and considers the arguments that might be relevant in deciding what law should govern the issues at present not covered by either paragraph, a question that has become more pressing in view of the fact that negotiations will soon begin on a possible amendment of article 14 to deal with it.
JUDICIAL SCRUTINY OF MERGER DECISIONS IN THE EU, UK AND GERMANY
Authors: Harker Michael , Peyer Sebastian , Wright Kathryn 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe appropriate role of the courts in controlling the discretion of merger authorities has become one of the key issues in European merger law and policy in recent years. This article investigates judicial review of merger decisions, taking a comparative approach by examining cases from the EU, UK and Germany. We observe an apparent increase in the willingness of the EU and UK courts to scrutinize merger decisions, and a long-standing tradition of close scrutiny in Germany. In respect of the EU and UK, we consider agency theory offers a convincing explanation—that increased scrutiny is explained by the need to enhance the credibility of merger policy. In Germany, the constitutional basis of judicial review differs significantly, and the relatively close scrutiny exercised by the court is better explained by the very different constitutional context.
Repair of nasal septal perforation using inferior turbinate graft
Authors: Mansour Hesham A K A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:Nasal septal perforation can cause troublesome symptoms. Surgical repair is indicated in symptomatic patients. Many approaches and techniques have been described, each with its advantages and indications.Method:The study included six patients with symptomatic nasal septal perforations sized 1–2.5 cm horizontally by 0.5–1.5 vertically. Patient symptoms included nasal crusts (all patients), nasal obstruction (five), cacosmia (three) and recurrent epistaxis (three). Patients underwent endonasal endoscopic repair using an inferior turbinate free graft applied between the mucoperichondrium of both septum sides. Follow up ranged from six months to two years.Results:Five patients (83 per cent) had complete perforation closure and one had partial closure. All patients were symptom-free post-operatively.Conclusion:This endoscopic endonasal approach, using an inferior turbinate free graft, is effective in closing small and medium-sized nasal septal perforations.
Epley's manoeuvre versus Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative as management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: prospective, randomised study
Authors: Sundararajan I , Rangachari V , Sumathi V , Kumar K 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:We report a prospective, randomised study of 51 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treated with Epley's manoeuvre alone or Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative, at Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, India.Aim:To compare the efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre versus Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Materials and methods:Consecutive patients were selected based on history and positive Dix–Hallpike test. Patients were randomised to receive either Epley's manoeuvre alone or Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative for one week. Both groups were followed up for four weeks.Results:Univariate analysis showed that one- and four-week outcomes were influenced by the number of episodes, symptom duration and treatment type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the one-week outcome was significantly influenced by symptom duration and treatment type, while the four-week outcome was significantly influenced by symptom duration alone. Patients receiving Epley's manoeuvre alone showed better recovery than those receiving both Epley's manoeuvre and labyrinthine sedative.Conclusion:Labyrinthine sedatives do not aid recovery from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo when used in addition to Epley's manoeuvre.
Detection of tympanic membrane movement using film patch with integrated strain gauge, assessed by optical coherence tomography: experimental study
Authors: Just T , Zehlicke T , Specht O , Sass W , Punke C , Schmidt W , Lankenau E , Behrend D , Pau H W 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:We report an ex vivo and in vivo experimental study of a device designed to measure tympanic membrane movement under normal and pathological conditions, assessed using optical coherence tomography.Materials and methods:We designed two types of flexible, round film patch with integrated strain gauge, to be attached to the tympanic membrane in order to measure tympanic membrane movement. Tympanic membrane attachment was assessed using optical coherence tomography. The devices were tested experimentally using an ex vivo model with varying middle-ear pressure.Results:Optical coherence tomography reliably assessed attachment of the film patch to the tympanic membrane, before and after middle-ear pressure changes. Strain gauge voltage changes were directly proportional to middle-ear pressure recordings, for low pressure changes. Tympanic membrane perforations smaller than 2 mm could be sealed off with the film patch.Conclusion:Attachment of the film patch with integrated strain gauge to the tympanic membrane was not ideal. Nevertheless, the strain gauge was able to precisely detect small pressure changes within the middle ear, in this experimental model.
Laryngeal carcinoma metastasis to the orbit: case report
Authors: Galm T , Kulkarni A , Ahmad I 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:We present the first report in the all English literature of a case of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the orbit.Method:Case report of orbital metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma; clinical, radiological and pathological findings are discussed.Result:A 75-year-old man presented to the ENT department with a five-week history of left orbital pain, swelling and reduced vision. Past medical history included laryngectomy, bilateral neck dissection and post-operative radiotherapy for T4 N2c M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottis, 10 months earlier. Imaging showed an orbital mass extending along the roof and lateral aspect of the orbit into the optic canal and superior orbital fissure, and further posteriorly into the left cavernous sinus with meningeal enhancement in the left anterior cranial fossa. Histopathological analysis after biopsy showed the mass to be consistent with metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion:After searching the all English literature, we report what is, to our best knowledge, the first case of laryngeal carcinoma metastasis to the orbit. Despite its rarity and poor prognosis, such a metastasis should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of an orbital mass, as timely recognition can improve the patient's quality of life.
Mucocele of a pneumatised uncinate process: first reported case
Authors: Burrows S A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:We report a unique case of a mucocele of a pneumatised uncinate process.Method:Clinical, radiological and intra-operative findings are presented.Results:A 43-year-old woman was referred to our ENT department suffering from persistent symptoms of left-sided sinusitis. Although an initial computed tomography scan suggested a lacrimal duct mass, dacrocystography showed free flow through the nasolacrimal duct. The patient underwent surgery, revealing a mucocele within a pneumatised uncinate process.Conclusion:This patient's clinical, radiological and intra-operative findings illustrate how variations in sinus anatomy can pose a diagnostic challenge.
Metastasis of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma masquerading as primary temporal bone tumour
Authors: Hugh S C , Enepekides D , Wong J , Yeung R , Lin V Y W 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:We describe the first published case of papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the temporal bone.Case report:A 64-year-old woman presented with a large left temporal bone mass centred in the jugular foramen, initially thought to be a paraganglioma or schwannoma. She was simultaneously being investigated for a left-sided thyroid nodule, which was found to be unremarkable on repeated fine needle aspiration cytology. A biopsy of the temporal bone mass indicated that it was of thyroid origin. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy, which enabled a final diagnosis of follicular-variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the temporal bone.Conclusion:Although biopsy is not the usual management for many types of temporal bone mass, pathological investigation is recommended if the tumour has an atypical growth rate, location, spread and/or radiological features. Metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma to the skull base is extremely rare, and correct diagnosis is essential in order to pursue an effective treatment plan.
Involvement of host cell heparan sulfate proteoglycan inTrypanosoma cruziamastigote attachment and invasion
Authors: BAMBINO-MEDEIROS R. , OLIVEIRA F. O. R. , CALVET C. M. , VICENTE D. , TOMA L. , KRIEGER M. A. , MEIRELLES M. N. , PEREIRA M. C. S. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYCell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in the attachment and invasion process of a variety of intracellular pathogens. We have previously demonstrated that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) mediate the invasion of trypomastigote forms ofTrypanosoma cruziin cardiomyocytes. Herein, we analysed whether GAGs are also implicated in amastigote invasion. Competition assays with soluble GAGs revealed that treatment ofT. cruziamastigotes with heparin and heparan sulfate leads to a reduction in the infection ratio, achieving 82% and 65% inhibition of invasion, respectively. Other sulfated GAGs, such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate, had no effect on the invasion process. In addition, a significant decrease in infection occurred after interaction of amastigotes with GAG-deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, decreasing from 20% and 28% in wild-type CHO cells to 5% and 9% in the mutant cells after 2 h and 4 h of infection, respectively. These findings suggest that amastigote invasion also involves host cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The knowledge of the mechanism triggered by heparan sulfate-bindingT. cruziproteins may provide new potential candidates for Chagas disease therapy.
Factor endowments, markets and vertical integration. The development of commercial wine production in Argentina, Australia and California, c1870-1914
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGrape quality and the nature of market demand played a major role in determining the organizational structure of the wine industry in the three decades prior to 1914. In contrast to Europe where grape growing and winemaking were specialist activities, in the New World winemaking and selling were often integrated. This encouraged the appearance of large industrial wineries producing wines that could be branded. Differences within the New World itself can be attributable to the nature of demand and, in particular, to whether wine was considered an article of primary consumption (Argentina), or whether it competed with other, more popular alcoholic beverages such as beer and spirits (Australia and California).
The post always rings twice? The Algerian War, poststructuralism and the postcolonial in IR theory
Authors: SAJED ALINA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article makes the case for rethinking the relation between poststructuralism and postcolonialism, by building on the claims advanced by Robert Young, Azzedine Haddour and Pal Ahluwalia that the history of deconstruction coincides with the collapse of the French colonial system in Algeria, and with the violent anti-colonial struggle that ensued. I choose to examine narratives of theorists such as Derrida, Lyotard, and Cixous because not only they provide the link between colonial violence, the poststructuralist project that ensued, and postcolonialism, but also because the problems I identify with their projects are replicated by much poststructuralist work in International Relations (IR). I signal that one of the most significant consequences of conducting poststructuralist research without attention to postcolonial horizons lies in the idealisation of the marginalised, the oppressed or the native without attending to the complexity of her position, voice or agency. Bringing these theories together aims to highlight the need for a dialogue, within IR, between poststructuralism's desire to disrupt the disciplinarity of the field, and postcolonialism's potential to transcend the self-referential frame of IR by introducing perspectives, (hi)stories, and voices from elsewhere.