bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT COVID-19 VACCINES FOR CHILDREN AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH PARENTAL MOTIVATION TO HAVE THEIR CHILDREN VACCINATED IN TAIWAN
Authors: Liu *Tai-Ling , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vaccines have been developed for children to prevent them from being contracted by COVID-19; however, parental hesitancy to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 is prevalent. Sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines have been found to influence individuals’ motivation to vaccinate. The aims of this study were to examine parents’ sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines for children and trust of information sources, their demographically related factors, and associations of information sources with parental motivation to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. In total, 550 parents of children (123 males and 427 females) were completed the research questionnaires. Sources from which parents received the information about child COVID-19 vaccines and parents’ trust of the information were surveyed. Parental motivation to have their children vaccinated was measured using the Parent Version of the Motors of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale. The associations of sources of information and their trust with parental motivation to have their children vaccinated and associations of parents’ demographics with the sources of information and their trust were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis. Traditional mass media and medical staff in health care settings were the most common sources from which parents received information for child COVID-19 vaccines. Medical staff in health care settings were rated by the parents as the most trustworthy source of information. Receiving information from acquainted people in social media and medical staff in health care settings were significantly associated with parental motivation to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. Trust in the information from medical staff in health care settings and coworkers were significantly associated with parental motivation to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. Compared with males, females were more likely to receive information from medical staff in health care settings and acquainted people in social media. Parents with a higher education level were more likely to receive information from medical staff in health care settings. Compared with males, females had greater trust in the information received from coworkers. Health professional should take the sources of information and related factors into consideration when develop intervention programs for enhancing parental motivation to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19.
PREDICTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATION AMONG OUTPATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER IN THE REAL-WORLD CLINICAL SETTING
Authors: Tokumitsu *Keita , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Adachi Naoto , Kubota Yukihisa , Watanabe Yoichiro , Miki Kazuhira , Azekawa Takaharu , Edagawa Koji , Katsumoto Eiichi , Hongo Seiji , Goto Eiichiro , Ueda Hitoshi , Kato Masaki , Nakagawa Atsuo , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Tsuboi Takashi , Watanabe Koichiro , Shimoda Kazutaka , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder that causes recurrent manic and depressive episodes, leading to decreased levels of social functioning and suicide. Patients who require hospitalization due to exacerbation of bipolar disorder have been reported to subsequently have poor psychosocial functioning, and so there is a need to prevent hospitalization. On the other hand, there is a lack of evidence regarding predictors of hospitalization in real-world clinical practice.

Aims & Objectives
We investigated the yearly rate of hospitalization and predictive factors for hospitalization among outpatients with bipolar disorder.

Method
The multicenter treatment survey on bipolar disorder (MUSUBI) in Japanese psychiatric clinics was an observational study conducted to provide evidence regarding bipolar disorder in real-world clinical practice. Psychiatrists were asked, as part of a retrospective medical record survey, to fill out a questionnaire about patients with bipolar disorder who visited 176 member clinics of the Japanese Association of Neuro-Psychiatric Clinics. Our study extracted baseline patient characteristics from records dated between September and October 2016, including comorbidities, mental status, duration of treatment, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, and pharmacological treatment details. The incidence and predictors of hospitalization among patients with bipolar disorder over a 1-year period extending from that baseline to September-October 2017 were examined.

Results
In total, 2,389 participants were included in our study, 3.06% of whom experienced psychiatric hospitalization over the course of 1 year from baseline. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of psychiatric hospitalization was correlated with bipolar I disorder, lower baseline GAF scores, unemployment, substance abuse and manic state.

Discussion & Conclusion
Our study revealed that 3.06% of outpatients with bipolar disorder were subjected to psychiatric hospitalization during a 1-year period that extended to September-October 2017. Our study suggested that bipolar I disorder, lower baseline GAF scores, unemployment, substance abuse and baseline mood state could be predictors of psychiatric hospitalization. These results may be useful for clinicians seeking to prevent psychiatric hospitalization for bipolar disorder.

References
Tokumitsu K, et al. Predictors of psychiatric hospitalization among outpatients with bipolar disorder in the real-world clinical setting. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 16;14:1078045.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Wu *Cheng Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mitochondria, essential for energy production, can inadvertently produce reactive oxygen species. Measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number provides a window into mitochondrial function. Changes in mtDNA copy number can occur due to genetic mutations, environmental factors, and inflammation, influencing various health outcomes. Dysfunctional mitochondria are linked to increased oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to diverse diseases. In BD, mitochondrial dysfunction is intricately tied to the disease's pathological manifestations, affecting energy metabolism and intracellular calcium signaling. Alterations in mtDNA copy number have been observed in manic and depressed BD patients. Additionally, childhood trauma has been identified as a major risk factor for BD and has been associated with increased susceptibility to and severity of the disorder, although the specific role of each trauma subtype (emotional, physical, or sexual abuse) remains a topic of debate. Previous research has established that both BD and childhood trauma are independently associated with mitochondrial abnormalities. However, the potential association between childhood trauma, mitochondrial dysfunction, and BD has not been thoroughly investigated.

Aims & Objectives
Prior research has shown an increased incidence of childhood trauma in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). It has also been independently established that both childhood trauma and mitochondrial dysfunction have connections with BD. Consequently, the aim of this study is to explore whether there might be a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and childhood trauma in people suffering from BD.

Method
The study involved 60 participants diagnosed with BD and 26 individuals serving as healthy controls. To gather data, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was utilized, and blood samples were collected for the purpose of determining mitochondrial DNA copy number (MCN) from leukocytes. An examination was then conducted to identify any correlation between CTQ scores and MCN.

Results
Compared to the healthy controls, the BD group exhibited slightly lower MCN, which did not reach significance. However, the CTQ sum scores were significantly higher in the BD group. After controlling age, gender, and BMI, negative correlations were found between CTQ scores, particularly emotional neglect (r = -0.431, p = 0.04), emotional abuse (r = -0.425, p = 0.043), and total scores (r = - 0.513; p = 0.012), and MCN within the healthy control group. Nevertheless, no substantial correlation was observed between CTQ and MCN in the participants with BD.

Discussion & Conclusion
Childhood traumata have different effects on BD compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the complex relationship between childhood trauma, BD, and medication effects is crucial to better understand how trauma impacts individuals living with this psychiatric condition.
THE ASSOCIATION OF KLOTHO/FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23 WITH COGNITIVE FEATURES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER
Authors: Chen *Wen Yin , Chiu Chih Chiang , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Huang Cho-Yin , Kuo Chian-Jue , Chen Po-Yu , Huang Ming-Chyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cognitive aging is a known phenomenon in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for this cognitive decline remain poorly understood. One potential avenue of investigation is the dysfunction of the Klotho/Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) system, which has been linked to reduced lifespan and age-related diseases, including dementia. However, there is limited research on the relationship between Klotho/FGF23 levels and aging in BD patients, as well as their association with cognitive decline in elderly individuals with BD.

Aims
The aim of this study was to explore the levels of Klotho and FGF23 in elderly BD patients and their relationship with the aging profile and cognitive domains.

Methods
The study included 85 euthymic, elderly participants aged 50 or older, who also had adequate kidney function and were diagnosed with BD-I. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders. The study examined the correlations between Klotho and FGF23 levels and other aging-related assessments. General linear models were then used to identify associations between Klotho and FGF23 levels and various cognitive domains.

Results
The average age of the participants was 59.64 years. The mean Klotho and FGF23 levels were 0.71 ng/ml and 15.02 ng/ml, respectively. Positive correlations were found between Klotho and FGF23 (r= 0.352, p = 0.002) and between creatine levels and Klotho/FGF23 (r = 0.328, p = 0.016 for Klotho and r= 0.302, p = 0.028 for FGF23). Higher levels of FGF23 were significantly associated with lower composite cognitive scores (β= -0.003, p = 0.005), particularly in verbal memory (β= -0.002, p = 0.013), motor speed (β= -0.002, p = 0.027), and processing speed (β= -0.002, p = 0.029). No significant association was observed between Klotho levels and cognitive domains.

Conclusion
In elderly individuals with BD, this study found that higher FGF23 levels were associated with negative effects on cognitive domains, particularly in verbal memory, motor speed, and processing speed. However, no significant association was found between Klotho levels and cognitive performance. Future research is needed to further define the dysfunction of the Klotho/FGF23 axis and conduct longitudinal studies that incorporate validated aging clinical markers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cognitive aging in BD.
BRAIN NEURONAL INTEGRITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN TAIWAN
Authors: Liu *Tung-Hsia , Wang Chih-Hui , Huang Shiu-Feng , Tsou Hsiao-Hui , Yu Guann-Yi , Chen Andrew C H , Chen Wei J , Liu Yu-Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic characterized by severe pneumonia. Brain structure abnormality has been confirmed in COVID-19 patients in the UK biobank [1]. However, it is not clear whether this abnormality is reversible nor if the abnormality could be detected in the early stage of the disease.

Aims & Objectives
In this study, the pathological effect of COVID-19 on the brain integrity was monitored through the utilization of a brain injury bioindicator, neurofilament light chain (NFL) [2]. It can be released from the brain into the peripheral blood when the brain neuronal axon is injured [3]. The study aimed to assess the correlation between the discharge diagnoses and NFL levels in COVID-infected patients.

Method
Plasma samples from the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) Biobank of 400 COVID-19 patients recruited from 24 hospitals across Taiwan were used for NFL analyses by immunoassay.

Results
Among the successfully analyzed 394 patients, 10 patients (2.5%) showed an NFL level above 200 pg/ml. The mean NFL levels were significantly higher in patients older than 50 years (P &lt;0.0001). Male patients had a higher NFL level than females (P = 0.008). The increase in plasma levels of NFL was the highest in the first 1-7 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed, then gradually decreased within a month. Significant higher NFL levels were observed in patients with hospitalization, respiratory or ICU treatment, and oxygen therapy (P &lt;0.0001). Moreover, higher NFL levels were also correlated with discharge diagnoses of cardiovascular, lung, kidney, and other chronic diseases (P ≦ 0.008).

Discussion & Conclusion
COVID-19 infection may cause brain neuronal injury especially in male patients older than 50 years. In addition, the plasma NFL level was associated with a number of clinical features. The results demonstrated that NFL could be an indicator for assessing the brain neuronal integrity following COVID- 19 infection.

References
1.Douaud, G., et al., SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature, 2022. 604(7907): p. 697-707.
2.Lee, M.K. and D.W. Cleveland, Neuronal intermediate filaments.Annual review of neuroscience, 1996. 19(1): p. 187-217.
3.Khalil, M., et al., Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders. Nature Reviews Neurology, 2018. 14(10): p. 577-589.
CHANGES IN MENTAL HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE HABITS OF KOREAN ADOLESCENTS DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Lee *Jongha , Chi Suhyuk , Chae Boram , Kim Seo Jung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a wide-ranging impact on the lives and mental health of adolescents.

Aims & Objectives
We need to assess changes in adolescents' mental health and lifestyle habits.

Method
We conducted a secondary analysis using from a national cross-sectional cohort (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, KYRBS) collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (2018, 2019), during the pandemic (2020, 2021), and after the pandemic (2022).

Results
The degree of recovery from fatigue due to sleep showed improvement after the outbreak of the pandemic, but showed a pattern of worsening after the pandemic ended. The physical activity time has actually decreased due to the pandemic. Even though physical activity time has increased since the end of the pandemic, sleep quality appears to have decreased. The frequency of feeling sad and desperate decreased slightly during the pandemic, but increased after the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Suicide-related indicators of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts also showed the same pattern, decreasing during the pandemic and then increasing again. the rate of male students experiencing sadness increased significantly after the end of the pandemic.

Discussion & Conclusion
Mental health-related problems among adolescents in Korea appear to be equal to or more severe than before the outbreak of the pandemic. We can see that the end of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be equated with the end of the threat to youth mental health.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION DURATION, THE SEVERITY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFICACY OF PREFRONTAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION
Authors: Cheng *Chih-Ming , Li Cheng-Ta , Bai Ya-Mei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
While psychosocial stress and episode duration do influence the treatment of depression, their effects on the antidepressant efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are not yet well evaluated.

Methods
Data from a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled prolonged intermittent theta-burst stimulation (piTBS) trial on the treatment of depression were utilized in this exploratory study. For a two-week intervention, 105 patients with treatment-resistant depression were randomly assigned to receive piTBS, 10Hz-rTMS, or sham monotherapy. The sham group was used the sham coil that could mimic the auditory and somatosensory effects of active coil stimulation without actual stimulation of the brain. 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HDRS-17) were obtained at baseline, week-1 and week-2. The baseline Holmes– Rahe Life-Stress Inventory was utilized to categorize patients into conditions of low and high severity of psychosocial stress. The cut-off value that separates between acute and chronic current episode duration was established at one year. The primary outcome was the %HDRS-17 changes after treatment.

Results
In contrast to the sham intervention, piTBS exhibited a noteworthy decrease in HDRS-17 for both low- stress acute and chronic depression (-47% vs. 12%, p&lt;0.001; -32% vs. −8%, p&lt;0.05, respectively). However, for high-stress acute and chronic depression, there was no statistically significant difference of the efficacy between piTBS and sham group (-42% vs. −22%; -33% vs.−22%, respectively).In addition, although chronic depression exhibited a lower rate of remission compared to acute depression among patients who received piTBS, both of their HDRS-17 score consistently declined over the course of two weeks. Placebo effect was positively correlated to stress severity in sham stimulation, but did not contribute significantly to the antidepressant efficacy in active stimulation.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate the importance of depression chronicity and psychosocial stress severity, and the antidepressant effects of rTMS. By utilizing these two readily accessible clinical predictors, rTMS treatment can be more tailored individually. In addition, our findings suggested that early consideration about providing prefrontal stimulation in depressed patients who do not respond to antidepressants.
EFFECTS OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF THE LEFT DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX ON SYMPTOM DOMAINS IN MOOD DISORDERS
Authors: Chen *Po See , Yek Chin Wei , Lu Tsung-Hua , Wang Tzu-Yun , Chang Wei Hung , Tseng Huai-Hsuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on symptom domains in mood disorders. Specifically, we endeavor to characterize the alterations of mood symptoms and clarify if improvement in mood symptoms is concurrently associated with enhancements in social cognition abilities in individual cases.

Methods
Individuals diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression participated in a series of 12 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS directed at the left DLPFC, with an 8-week follow-up. Evaluation of mood symptoms and social cognition abilities was conducted utilizing the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS- 24) and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT).

Results
The study was completed by forty-four depressed patients (20 bipolar and 24 unipolar) with an average age of 45.43±2.505. The mean baseline HDRS-24 total score was observed at 26.39±0.744, which significantly reduced to 9.64±1.126 posttreatment (p &lt;0.001), and further declined to 9.25±1.101 at the 4-week follow-up (p &lt;0.001), and 9.55±1.446 at the 8-week follow-up (p &lt;0.001). The significant decrease in the total score of HDRS was attributed to the decline in the subscores of individual items, except for items 17, 19, 20, and 21. Comparing the item-level changes between bipolar and unipolar depression groups, significant differences in changes emerge in questions 2, 3, 6, 15, and 16. The average baseline MSCEIT total score was 86.57±1.668, which then decreased to 82.00±2.574 at the 8-week follow-up (p = 0.124). The score changes of HDRS-24 and its items were found uncorrelated to the score changes of MSCEIT and its components at the 8-week follow-up.

Conclusions
This research has the potential to contribute significantly to refining rTMS treatment strategies for patients with mood disorders, which may lead to enhanced clinical outcomes.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY, TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AND OTHER NOVEL PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR THE ACUTE TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES IN ADULTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Wen , Liu *Tinghui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Major depressive episodes can severely impair daily functioning and quality of life, making it crucial to identify the most effective treatments. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and novel pharmacological approaches are increasingly used but have not been comprehensively compared.

Objectives
The aim of this network meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of ECT, TMS, and ketamine for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults.

Methods
A systematic review and network meta-analysis were carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to September 2023. Our primary outcome of interest was the reduction in depression scale scores. To ensure the quality of the included studies, we exclusively considered RCTs involving adult human participants and published as peer-reviewed articles, with a specific focus on head-to-head comparative studies.

Results
In our analysis, we included a total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 599 patients to evaluate the reduction in depression scale scores. Among the specific interventions compared, ECT demonstrated the highest efficacy, with a statistically significant reduction in depression scale scores compared to TMS (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): 0.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.69). However, when compared to ketamine, there was no statistically significant difference observed (SMD: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.00 to 1.19). Notably, ketamine also showed a significant reduction in depression scale scores compared to TMS (SMD: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.02 to 35.96). Among these interventions, ECT had the highest probability of being the most effective treatment, with a surface under the cumulative ranking value of 91.2.

Conclusion
Our network meta-analysis suggests that ECT is the most effective acute treatment for major depressive episodes in adults, followed by ketamine.