bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of visual acuity in patients with wet type of AMD and good initial visual aquity
Authors: PATERAKI O , CHALKIA A , ELEFTHERIADOU M , PAPADAKI TH , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The evaluation of wet type of AMD after intravitreal injections with anti‐angiogenic factors in patients with good initial visual aquity. Correlation between final and initial visual acuity, as well as with the number of injections Methods 101 patients of average age 76 participated in the study. All of them suffered from wet type of AMD. Study group included 24 of them with good initial visual acuity, defined as visual acuity of 6/10 of the decimal scale or higher. The remaining 77 patients served as control group. The initial evaluation included full ophthalmologic examination, OCT imaging and fluorescein angiography. The decision for the treatment was based on the findings of the first examination and of the monthly reevaluation thereafter. Results In the 24 patients of the study group, visual acuity increased significantly from 0,61 (+/‐0,2) to 0,82 (+/‐0,2) in decimal scale or from 0,27 (+/‐0,22) to 0,14 (+/‐0,2) in LOGMAR scale (p<0,001). The average number of intravitreal injections was 4,9 in a mean monitoring time of 9 months. In this team the final visual acuity depends on the initial one (p= 0,013), but not on the number of intravitreal injections (p> 0,05). Conclusion the final visual acuity in the group with good initial visual acuity correlates well with the initial visual acuity and does not correlate with the number of injections. This finding shows the significance of early diagnosis of subretinal neovascularisation in AMD, when the vision is still high.
Pathophysiology of dry eye syndrome
Authors: HORWATH‐WINTER J 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDry eye or dysfunctional tear syndrome is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. It is related to a pathological condition of anyone of the parts of the “ocular surface system” that involves the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, nasolacrimal duct and the lids with the meibomian glands. These are linked as a functional system by innervation, the endocrine and immune system. Endogenous or exogenous caused alterations in one or several components of the ocular surface system or its secretions result in changes of the tear film or ocular surface provoking inflammation. With time, inflammatory reactions may lead to corneal neuropathy compromising the reflex response of the lacrimal glands. Additionally a self‐perpetuating vicious circle with loss of function and damage can be initiated also by an immune‐modulated inflammation.
A comparison of the effect on the keratocyte population of mechanical vs femtosecond‐assisted LASIK
Authors: CANADAS SUAREZ P , DRAKE P , HERNÁNDEZ‐VERDEJO JL , DE BENITO‐LLOPIS L , TEUS MA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To analyze the changes in the corneal keratocyte population three months after mechanical (M‐Lasik) versus femtosecond‐assisted (FS‐Lasik) laser in situ keratomileusis Methods This study included 22 eyes treated with M‐Lasik to correct a mean refractive error of ‐2,3+1,1 D sphere and ‐0,9+0,4 D cylinder, and 23 eyes treated with FS‐Lasik to correct a mean refractive error of ‐3,2+2,2 D sphere and ‐0,8+‐0,7 D cylinder. Both groups were compared with a control group comprised of healthy eyes. Corneas were examined using confocal microscopy three months after the procedures. Keratocyte densities were determined in the anterior stroma, stromal bed, central and posterior stroma Results Keratocyte density in the anterior stroma was 23263, 8 + 9030,2 cells/mm3 in the M‐Lasik group, and 25959,4 + 8007 cells/mm3 (p= 0,2) in the FS‐Lasik group. In the stromal bed it was 25269,4+ 8438,6 cells/mm3 and 20856,9 + 5012,2 cells/mm3 (p= 0,03) in M‐Lasik and FS‐Lasik respectively. In the mid stroma it was 29311,1+ 10606 cells/mm3 in M‐Lasik and 27173,9 + 8709,7 cells/mm3 in FS‐Lasik (p= 0,4), and in the posterior stroma it was 29350 + 9395,8 cells/mm3 and 27515,9 + 98284 cells/mm3 (p= 0,5) in M‐Lasik and in FS‐Lasik respectively. The comparison between the average keratocyte density throughout the whole cornea showed no statistically significant difference between M‐Lasik and FS‐Lasik 3 months after surgery, but it was significantly increased in both groups when compared with the control group (p=0.001) Conclusion Both M‐Lasik and FS‐Lasik seem to cause a similar change in the corneal keratocyte population 3 months after surgery
Effectiveness of a new lubricant for dry eye after photoablation using an osmolarity measurement
Authors: COCHENER B , BAUMANN A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose LASIK has been shown to lead to corneal hypoesthesia, which can trigger a decrease in the reflex arc regulating tears secretion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a new lubricant after LASIK compared to a classical treatment by measuring tear osmolarity. Methods Twenty patients scheduled to undergo LASIK were enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups. A baseline osmolarity measurement was taken (TearLab Osmolarity System, TearLab Corp) and then randomized into one of two groups. Patients in the first group received two artificial tears (Refresh and Celluvisc, Allergan) following surgery while the 2nd group received a PEG 400 and hylauronic acid (HA) artificial tear (Blink, Abbott Medical Optics) following treatment. These patients were assessed at 1 month postoperative for changes in osmolarity. Results Normal values of osmolarity with Tear Lab range between 275 and 308 mOsm/L; above this, we consider that the eye is dry. The single tear treatment had the same efficiency as our standard two‐drop therapy. No side effects were noted in any patients. Most patients found it easier to have only one kind of lubricant instead of a combination of two, which lead to a better observance. The use of the tear osmolarity system provided a quick, reliable test for detecting patient with a risk of postoperative dry eye and for assessing the effectiveness of the therapy. Conclusion The new lubricant, Blink, is another choice in the therapeutic panel for treatment of dry eye disease. It is well tolerated and as efficient as the combination of Refresh and Celluvisc. New osmolarity measurement is an easy, fast and non‐invasive well tolerated test for detecting infraclinical dryness especially before refractive surgery.
Stability of corneal shape and morphology in patients with Fuchs’ dystrophy after phacoemulsification with soft shell technique.
Authors: MILKA M , NOWIńSKA A , JANISZEWSKA D , DOBROWOLSKI D , WYLEGALA E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate effectiveness of soft shell cataract surgery technique on the corneal structure in group of Fuchs’ dystrophy patients. Methods 24 patients (mean age 52,7±13,8), 31 eyes after phacoemulsification were examined before and 10 months after surgery. BCVA, mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal endothelial cell density (CD) were evaluated. Corneal aberrations root‐mean‐square (RMS) was calculated 1 and 10 months after surgery for 4.0mm pupil. Results Corneal higher‐order aberrations (RMS) 1 month after surgery was 0,372±0,058 and 10 months after surgery was 0,345±0,076, BCVA 10 months after surgery was 0,75±0,27 (before surgery 0,32±0,28), the mean CCT was 563,37±21,42µm (before surgery 559,62±45,29µm), CD 1786,341±493,127 (before surgery 1912,783±381,963). Conclusion All patients revealed good stability and protection of the cornea confirming safety of the soft shell technique.
Application of autologous cultivated corneal epithelium for restoring of corneal surface
Authors: DOBROWOLSKI D , WYLEGALA W , WOWRA B , NOWINSKA A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To present results of transplantations of cultured corneal epithelium in limbal stem cell insufficiency. Methods 26 patients were donors of limbal epithelium for corneal epithelial culture. Patients suffered from limbal deficiency in one eye after chemical or thermal burn. Limbal cells from 2 mm2 biopsy were seeded on amniotic membrane. Cultures were carried in standard conditions in supplememted DMEM in presence of 3T3 fibroblasts. After superficial keratectomy amniotic carries with epithelial cells were transplanted on denuded corneas. Stabilisation of corneal surface was evaluated. Results 3 months after surgery 61,5% of eyes showed stabile epithelium with corneal slight haze caused by the amnion. In 50,0% of eyes there was no recurrent conjuntival neovascularisation. 38,4% of eyes remained cloudy due to stromal revascularization. In 4 eyes total conjuctival pannus developed again. Visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 0,5. Conclusion Grafting of cultured epithelium is a promising method in treatment of limbal stem cell insufficiency in burns.
Effect of glutaredoxin 2 gene knockout on lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress
Authors: LOU M , WU HL , HO YS 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is known to possess both dethiolase and peroxidase activities, and has shown an ability to protect cells from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis in the human lens epithelial cells. In this study, we further studied the function of Grx2 by using Grx2 knockout mouse lens epithelial (MLE) cells as a model. Methods Primary culture of MLE cells was established from the lenses of wild‐type (WT) and Grx2‐knockout (Grx2 KO) mice. Cells were probed for αA‐crystallin and Grx2 by Western blot analysis while cell viability was examined by WST‐8 assay. Glutathione (GSH) level, Grx2 and Complex I activities, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined by spectrophotometric assays. Reactive oxygen species was detected using DCF‐DA fluorescein with a cell sorter. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Results Both primary cell cultures were confirmed to be lens epithelial cells by the presence of αA‐crystallin. Western blotting showed normal expression of Grx2 in WT cells but absent in Grx2 KO cells. Both cell types showed similar morphology and growth rate with same level of GSH pool and complex 1 activity in the mitochondrial fraction. However, KO cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress (100 μM H2O2 for 6 h) and exhibited lower cell viability and more LDH leakage in comparison with the WT cells. In addition, knockdown of Grx2 weakened the cell’s ability to detoxify H2O2 and enhanced the H2O2‐induced inactivation of complex I in the electron transport chain. Conclusion Grx2 can protect MLE cells from H2O2‐induced cell injury, and the mechanism of this protection is likely associated with its ability to detoxify H2O2 and its preservation of complex I activity in the mitochondria.
MsrA repair of Cytochrome c and α‐crystallin links chaperone and oxidative repair pathways with mitochondrial protection and apoptotic control in lens cells.
Authors: KANTOROW M , BRENNAN L , MCGREAL R , LEE W , DAVID L , GIBLIN F 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is essential for lens defense against oxidative stress and cataract formation through its ability to repair oxidized protein methionine (PMSO). Here, we examined α‐crystallin and cytochrome c (Cyt c) as potential targets for MsrA‐repair in the lens. Methods The oxidized methionine content of α‐crystallin and Cyt c was evaluated from the lenses of MsrA knockout and w+ mice. The activities of α−crystallin and Cyt c were evaluated upon methionine oxidation. The ability of MsrA to repair these proteins and restore their respective chaperone and electron transport activities was determined. All three proteins were localized in lens cells and their abilities to form complexes in vitro and in vivo evaluated. Results Cyt c was oxidized at met 80 and αβ‐crystallin at met 68 in MsrA‐knockout relative to w+ mice. Methionine oxidization of 138 of αA‐crystallin and 68 of αB‐crystallin resulted in loss of α‐crystallin chaperone function while oxidation of met 80 resulted in loss of Cyt c electron transport function. α‐crystallin protected Cyt c against methioinine oxidation. MsrA repaired and restored the functions of all three proteins which co‐localized and formed complexes in lens mitochondria. Conclusion MsrA is likely required for repair of α‐crystallin and Cyt c in lens cells suggesting that it maintains and regulates the activities of α‐crystallin and Cyt c in lens mitochondria where all three proteins were localized. Loss of MsrA‐repair could contribute to cataract formation through loss of chaperone function, loss of oxidative phosphorylation and/or increased Cyt c mediated apoptosis.
In vivo quantitative measurement of oxidation repair of glutaredoxin‐1
Authors: SÖDERBERG PG , KRONSCHLÄGER M , GALICHANIN K , LOU M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Quantitative determination of the impact of glutaredoxin‐1 on sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by in vivo exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region. Methods Altogether, 20 glutredoxin‐1 knockout mice (Grx1 ‐/‐) and 20 wild type C57BL/6, bred on the same background were in vivo exposed unilaterally to ultraviolet radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region (UVR‐300 nm). For both the Grx1‐/‐ and the Grx1+/+ groups, respectively, the animals were subdivided into 5 dose groups of four receiving 0.0, 2.1, 2.9, 3.6 or 4.1 kJ m^‐2, depending on group belonging. At 48 hrs after exposure the animals were sacrificed, the lenses were extracted and measured for intensity of forward light scattering. The threshold dose for damage was estimated as the Maximum Tolerable Dose‐2.3:16. The protection factor (PF), defined as the ratio between the threshold with protection and the threshold without protection was calculated. Results The MTD‐2.3:16 was for the Grx1+/+ estimated to 3.81 kJ/m2 (95% CI, 2.82 – 6.37) and for the Grx1‐/‐ estimated to 2.99 kJ/m2 (95% CI, 2.33 – 4.00). The PF factor for the Grx1 gene thus was 1.3. Conclusion The Grx‐1 gene provides a higher tolerance to in vivo oxidative stress induced by in vivo exposure to ultraviolet radiation, allowing a 1.3 longer exposure times at the same intensity before cataract develops.
LASIK vs femtosecond sub‐Bowmann keratomileusis to correct myopic astigmatism: a pilot study
Authors: TEUS MA , GIMÉNEZ C , PAZ‐MORENO J , CANADAS‐SUAREZ P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of LASIK and Femtosecond sub‐Bowmann Keratomileusis (FSBK) in the correction of myopic astigmatism Methods Prospective, masked study of consecutive eyes, with myopic astigmatism higher than ‐1.5D. LASIK was performed using the M2 microkeratome, Intralase® was used in FSBK. Visual results were evaluated 3 months post op Results 228 eyes were analyzed, 105 LASIK and 123 FSBK. Preoperative sphere and cylinder was similar in both groups (p=0.2). Safety and Efficacy indexes were 1.01 vs 1.01 and 1.02 vs 0.91 in LASEK and FSBK groups, respectively (p=0.8 and 0.3) Conclusion LASIK and FSBK achieve comparable visual results when used to correct myopic astigmatism at 3 months follow‐up
Basic mechanisms and factors influencing the neurovascular coupling in the eye
Authors: GARHOFER G 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeuro‐vascular coupling is a basic physiological mechanism in the eye that allows for adapting retinal and optic nerve head blood flow to changing metabolic demands, induced by an increase in neural activity. Despite many efforts, the mechanisms that leads to this coupling process are largely unknown. Among others, nitric oxide seems to play an important role in the vasodilatory answer. It has been shown that the unspecific blockade of nitric‐oxide syntheses leads to a pronounced reduction of flicker induced vasodilatation in healthy subjects. This indicates that nitric oxide plays an important role in this signaling cascade. Additionally, there is evidence that astrocytes act as a mediator between ganglion cells and blood vessels in the retina. This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that the presence and distribution of retinal astrocytes correlates with the presence and distribution of retinal blood vessels. This talk will summarize the concept of neuro‐vascular coupling in the eye and give an overview about our current understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in this process.
Ocular neurovascular coupling in glaucoma patients
Authors: GUGLETA K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Defining property of glaucoma, cupping of the optic disc in parallel to loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axon, implies tissue remodeling of the optic nerve head which in turns requires involvement of astrocytes. Their malfunction may lead not only to cupping, but also to disturbance in ocular neurovascular coupling. Methods We analyzed 122 glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives and healthy controls who all received no IOP‐lowering therapy at least four weeks prior to the study examination. One eye per subject entered the primary analysis: in the POAG group, an eye with the biggest damage, in the OHT group an eye with the highest average IOP was selected. Relative vessel diameter increase in response to flicker light was used as the measure of neurovascular coupling. Results This response was impaired in untreated POAG patients, affecting both superior and inferior temporal retinal vessels. In general, inferior vessel dilated more than superior ones. The dilation amplitude was inversely correlated to the level of morphological (retinal nerve fiber layer thickness) and functional (visual field mean defect) glaucomatous damage. Despite the relatively high level of inter‐ and intraocular correlation of vessel responses, in a separate analysis of contralateral eyes, they seem to display higher dilation amplitudes than the more damaged eyes which were included in the original analysis. Conclusion Neurovascular coupling is impaired in untreated glaucoma patients. Prospective studies are underway in an attempt to clarify the cause versus consequence relationship between the glaucomatous damage and disturbance of neurovascular coupling.
Neurovascular coupling in the retrobulbar ciliary circulation
Authors: ZEITZ O 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Perfusion of the retina is adapted to the metabolic demand by neurovascular coupling. Neurovascular coupling has shown to be present in the retinal vasculature, but not in vessels supplying the optic nerve.The present study investigated the presence of neurovascular coupling in the anterior part of the optic nerve in healthy and glaucoma subjects. Methods Retrobulbar blood flow velocities were determined by color Doppler imaging (CDI). A Siemens Elegra ultrasound system with a 7.5L40 transducer was used. Peak‐systolic and end‐diastolic velocities (PSV and EDV) in the central retinal artery (CRA) or the short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were the primary readout. CDI measurements were performed shortly before, during, immediately after, 60 s after, and 120 s after a 10‐Hz flicker stimulation of the retina. Results Thirty‐five glaucoma patients and 44 healthy control subjects were included in the study. In the SPCA of healthy controls, flicker stimulation led to a rise of PSV from 9.7±0.8 to 12.5±0.8 cm/s (P<0.001; N=24) and of EDV from 2.4±0.3 to 3.6±0.3 cm/s (P<0.001; N=24). This effect was not detectable in glaucoma patients. In the CRA, flicker light led to an increase of EDV from 2.1±0.2 to 3.0±0.3 cm/s (P=0.002; N=20) in healthy volunteers and from 1.3±0.2 to 2.0±0.2 cm/s in glaucoma patients (P=0.004; N=15). PSV was affected by flicker stimulation in neither the healthy volunteers nor glaucoma patients. Conclusion The data indicate the presence of neurovascular coupling in the vascular bed supplied by the paraoptic SPCA. The response pattern to the flicker stimulus differs between healthy and glaucoma subjects.
Visual results after lasik performed to correct myopic astigmatism in amblyopic eyes
Authors: TEUS MA , ARRUABARRENA‐SANCHEZ C , SANCHEZ‐PINA JM , CANADAS‐SUAREZ P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the visual results obtained in amblyopic eyes after LASIK performed to correct myopic astigmatism Methods Prospective, masked study of 80 consecutive eyes, with myopic astigmatism higher than ‐3.00D and a mean BCVA before surgery 0, 74+ 0,1; LASIK was performed using the M2 microkeratome and the Esiris (Schwind) Excimer Laser. Visual results were evaluated three months post‐op. To be included in the study, the eyes must had no other potential cause of amblyopia than the high astigmatism Results Preoperative sphere and cylinder was ‐3,7+ 2,3 and ‐3,9 + 0,8 respectively. BCVA 3 months post‐op was 0,8 + 0,1. 13 eyes (16,2%) showed a decrease in their BCVA after surgery, while 50 eyes improve their BCVA after surgery; in 32 eyes the BCVA improvement was 1 line or more, and in 8 eyes it was 2 lines or more Conclusion LASIK to correct high myopic astigmatism may improve significantly the BCVA in amblyopic eyes
Regression of tumour cross‐sectional area after brachytherapy for uveal melanoma: relationship between tumour height, status of Bruch’s membrane, isotope and prescription dose
Authors: MAMUNUR RASHID M , KIVELÄ T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To describe regression of uveal melanoma by its cross‐sectional area rather than height in relation to characteristics of the tumour and parameters of radiotherapy. Methods For this retrospective observational study, 287 consecutive patients with choroidal and ciliary body melanoma were enrolled. They were treated with iodine or ruthenium brachytherapy from January 2000 to March 2008 and imaged with Innovative Imaging I3 ultrasound using a standard procedure. Images taken at diagnosis and at 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years were analysed. Tumour height and area were measured with Olympus DP‐Soft from original digitised images as traced by hand. Results The reduction in the cross‐sectional area of the tumour was significantly greater if Bruch’s membrane was broken as compared to being unbroken (P=0.002 at 1 year), if the tumour involved the ciliary body (P=0.009) and, paradoxically, if the prescription dose to tumour apex was smaller (P=0.002). Use of iodine rather than ruthenium isotope (P=0.29) and tumour height were not significantly associated with regression. In a multivariate model, also the type of isotope became significant. Conclusion Reduction in tumour cross‐sectional area depends on several tumour and radiotherapy parameters, which are partially interrelated.
Photodynamic therapy for selected, symptomatic choroidal metastases
Authors: PARROZZANI R , PILOTTO E , DARIO A , MIDENA E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of choroidal metastases. Methods Five cases of selected, symptomatic choroidal metastases were included in this prospective study. Each patient underwent a single‐spot standard‐fluence PDT with verteporfin (50 J/cm2, 83 sec.). BCVA, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline and at each follow‐up examination (at 1 month and every 3 months thereafter). Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline. Results In two patients choroidal metastases were secondary to carcinoid tumors, in two cases to lung and in one case to breast adenocarcinoma. Mean follow‐up was 17±6 months. Mean PDT sessions were 1.6 (1‐3 sessions). Three patients (60%) showed clinical regression of the treated lesions and in two patients (40%) tumor size remained stable during follow‐up. Subretinal fluid resolved in al cases. BCVA increased in four patients (80%) and remained unchanged in one patient (20%). Conclusion Photodynamic therapy appears as an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for the management of selected choroidal metastasis