bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnO-CdZnS Core-Shell Nanocable Arrays for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Myung Yoon , Jang Dong Myung , Sohn Yong Jei , Sung Tae Kwang , Jung Gyeong Bok , Cho Yong Jae , Kim Han Sung , Park Jeunghee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHigh-density TiO2-CdS and ZnO-CdS core-shell nanocable arrays were synthesized on large-area Ti substrates. The CdS layers were deposited on the pre-grown vertically-aligned TiO2 (rutile) and ZnO nanowire arrays, with a controlled thickness (10~50 nm), using the vapor transport method. The ZnO-CdS nanocables consisted of single-crystalline wurtzite CdS shells whose [001] direction was aligned along the [001] wire axis of the wurtzite ZnO core, which is distinctive from the polycrystalline shell of the TiO2-CdS nanocables. We fabricated the photoelectrochemical cell using the ZnO-CdS photoelectrode exhibits much more efficient hydrogen generation than that using the TiO2-CdS one.
Antimony Doped ZnO Nanorods - A Change From n to p Type?
Authors: Briscoe Joe , Gallardo Diego E. , Dunn Steve 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe in-situ aqueous synthesis of ZnO nanorods doped with Sb is presented. To control the inclusion of Sb into the ZnO nanorods structure ethylene glycol (EG) is added to the reaction solution. The addition of EG reduces the rate at which Sb is included in the ZnO rods and produces nanorods with a morphology that is similar to the undoped rods. This is contrary to the rods produced with Sb in the absence of EG which produce a less well ordered structure. An I/V curve taken from individual rods indicates a change in the diode behaviour. The change in I/V behaviour is associated with a change from the natural n-type behaviour of ZnO to a p-type behaviour due to the Sb doping.
Continuous Administration of Sorafenib in Combination with Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of a Phase I Study
Authors: Dufour Jean-François , Hoppe Hanno , Heim Markus H. , Helbling Beat , Maurhofer Olivier , Szucs-Farkas Zsolt , Kickuth Ralph , Borner Markus , Candinas Daniel , Saar Bettina 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background and Aim.
It is unknown whether sorafenib can be combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This study assesses the safety and tolerability of a continuous regimen of sorafenib combined with TACE.

Methods.
This was an open-label phase I study testing a continuous administration of sorafenib (dose escalation from 200 mg twice daily [bid] to 400 mg bid) starting 7 days prior to TACE with doxorubicin (50 mg).

Results.
Twenty-one patients were screened and 14 received sorafenib combined with TACE. Because there were no dose-limiting toxicities in the first three patients who received sorafenib at a dose of 200 mg bid, subsequent patients received 400 mg bid. Twenty-seven procedures were performed (median, two per patient) and two local therapy–related severe adverse events occurred. The median duration of sorafenib therapy was 246 days (range, 14–547 days). Sorafenib-related adverse events of grade ≥3 were hand–foot skin reaction (n = 3), weight loss (n = 2), diarrhea (n = 1), abdominal pain (n = 1), and thrombocytopenia (n = 3). After treatment with sorafenib and TACE, there was a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from 93 ng/l to 67 ng/l.

Conclusions.
Continuous administration of sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg bid combined with TACE was tolerable. The adverse event profile of this regimen was comparable with that of sorafenib monotherapy with the exception of thrombocytopenia, which may be more frequent. There were no increases in the circulating VEGF levels after TACE with this combined regimen. (Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver study number 25; ClinicalTrials.gov trial identifier, NCT00478374).
Effectiveness of the Salivary Occult Blood Test as a Screening Method for Periodontal Status
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Akifusa Sumio , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Doi Yasufumi , Hata Jun , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Kiyohara Yutaka , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2010

Background: Community‐based periodontal examinations are not popular despite the high prevalence of periodontal disease among adults. This study examines the effectiveness of a novel salivary occult blood test (SOBT) as a screening method for periodontal status.Methods: Comprehensive health examinations were conducted in adult residents aged ≥40 years in Hisayama, Fukuoka, Japan; 1,998 subjects, each with ≥20 teeth, were analyzed. A paper test strip was used to perform the SOBT and was followed by a periodontal examination. Results were ranked as negative or positive. Subjects with ≥15% of teeth with bleeding on probing (BOP) or ≥1 tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm were defined as having a poor periodontal status. The relationship between the results of the SOBT and periodontal parameters and among other variables was examined.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the SOBT in screening for poor periodontal status were 0.72 and 0.52, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the results of the SOBT were significantly associated with the proportion of teeth with BOP and the proportion of teeth with PD ≥4 mm, independent of age, sex, use of antihypertensive medication, use of antidiabetic medication or insulin therapy, and the number of decayed or filled teeth.Conclusion: The SOBT may offer a simple screening method for periodontal status when a thorough periodontal examination is not possible, although it is not sufficiently specific to be a reasonable substitute for a periodontal examination.
Digital Divides in Urban E‐Government in South Korea: Exploring Differences in Municipalities' Use of the Internet for Environmental Governance
Authors: Lim Joon Hyoung 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe digital divide eclipses the innovative potential of Internet technologies for environmental governance. This study explores the determinants of discrepancies across city government websites in their capability to support environmental information and communication. Drawing insights from prior research, hypotheses were developed to examine the effects of organizational factors and community characteristics on the adoption of website features addressing environmental issues. A multiple regression analysis was conducted on data collected from South Korean municipalities. The urban e‐government divide was significantly associated with senior officials' innovative leadership, the size of available financial and human resources, and the richness of environmental groups. To bridge the e‐government divide at the local level, this study underlines the need for a collaborative partnership between the central and local governments and community efforts in the cultivation of social capital.
E‐Governance Policies for Interoperability and Open Standards
Authors: DeNardis Laura 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInformation and communication technology standards are increasingly intertwined with functions that are paradigmatic responsibilities of governments. The degree of openness in technical standards can have public policy implications in several areas: a nation's innovation and competition policy; the ability of governments to efficiently and cost effectively perform services such as national security, disaster response, and e‐Health administration; and the ways in which standards serve as a form of regulation making decisions such as the extent of user privacy on the Internet. Because of these possible policy implications, governments have a vested interest in promoting open technical standards adhering to principles of transparency, cost efficiency, and interoperability. This paper examines various possibilities for governments to engage with information and communication technology standardization (e.g., development, regulation, funding, adoption) and ultimately recommends that governments, as significant parts of technology markets, can exert market influence, as well as provide efficient e‐Governance functions, through procurement policies that promote open standards, often through electronic government interoperability frameworks (e‐GIFs) specifying information technology standards for e‐Governance infrastructures. These procurement policies are the least interventionist of possible roles for governments in standardization because they do not mandate that private industry adopt particular standards and do not intervene directly in the standards‐development process. Drawing from roundtable discussions with government officials at the United Nations Development Programme's Global Meeting on Government Interoperability Frameworks in Brazil, this paper surveys a number of existing government interoperability frameworks (Brazil, the European Union, Japan, and South Africa) and recommends best practices for these emerging e‐Governance frameworks.
A New Frontier in Digital Content Policy: Case Studies in the Regulation of Virtual Goods and Artificial Scarcity
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili , Virtanen Perttu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMillions of people around the world are spending billions of euros per year on virtual items, characters and currencies in online games, social networking sites, and other digital hangouts. In this paper, we examine this shift in consumer behavior and business models from a public policy perspective. We present three case studies to examine the key policy issues that virtual goods are giving rise to, and analyze some of the regulatory responses that have been effected so far: judicial protection of the possession of virtual goods in Finland and the Netherlands, statutory regulation of virtual goods trade in Korea, and application of consumer protection law to virtual goods sales in Finland. As with the debate over copyright, the first big content policy debate of the digital era, this new digital policy debate tends to pit individual consumers and entrepreneurs against the interests of publishers and established public policy. However, the roles are curiously reversed: it is not the publishers but the consumers who demand that pieces of digital content be respected as property, and turn to courts to enforce their view. While copyright and virtual goods both aim to impose artificial scarcity on non‐rivalrous matter, copyright is designed to provide economic incentives to producers, while in virtual goods scarcity provides benefits to consumers directly.
Regulatory Federalism in the Age of Broadband: A U.S. Perspective
Authors: Santorelli Michael J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBroadband is poised to transform many sectors of the economy in the United States. Indeed, the federal government, via the President, Congress, and the Federal Communications Commission, has identified this technology as a key tool for realizing an array of “national purposes,” including fundamental changes to how healthcare, energy, education, and an array of other services are delivered to and consumed by citizens. However, as broadband begins to inure itself into the business models of services that are largely regulated by the states, novel questions regarding the proper scope of regulatory federalism—that is, the ways in which federal and state government share oversight of a wide range of industries, from telecommunications to energy to healthcare—are likely to arise. This article examines the historical balance of federalism in the regulation of communications services, healthcare, and energy, identifies novel issues that have arisen and that are likely to arise as broadband is used to transform these services, and proposes a framework for efficiently and effectively addressing these issues.
Association of a Fasting Glucose Genetic Risk Score With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Li Man , Kao Wen H. , Couper David , Boerwinkle Eric , Bielinski Suzette J. , Folsom Aaron R. , Pankow James S. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Elevated fasting glucose level is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. It is unclear if this association is causal. Using the principle of Mendelian randomization, we sought to explore the causal association between circulating glucose and IMT by examining the association of a genetic risk score with IMT.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample was drawn from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and included 7,260 nondiabetic Caucasian individuals with IMT measurements and relevant genotyping. Components of the fasting glucose genetic risk score (FGGRS) were selected from a fasting glucose genome-wide association study in ARIC. The score was created by combining five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs780094 [GCKR], rs560887 [G6PC2], rs4607517 [GCK], rs13266634 [SLC30A8], and rs10830963 [MTNR1B]) and weighting each SNP by its strength of association with fasting glucose. IMT was measured through bilateral carotid ultrasound. Mean IMT was regressed on the FGGRS and on the component SNPs, individually.

RESULTS
The FGGRS was significantly associated (P = 0.009) with mean IMT. The difference in IMT predicted by a 1 SD increment in the FGGRS (0.0048 mm) was not clinically relevant but was larger than would have been predicted based on observed associations between the FFGRS, fasting glucose, and IMT. Additional adjustment for baseline measured glucose in regression models attenuated the association by about one third.

CONCLUSIONS
The significant association of the FGGRS with IMT suggests a possible causal association of elevated fasting glucose with atherosclerosis, although it may be that these loci influence IMT through nonglucose pathways.
Treatment of adverse drug reactions in a dermatology department
Authors: Ganeva Maria , Gancheva Tanya , Baldaranov Ivan , Troeva Jeni , Hristakieva Evgenya 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of utilization of systemic drugs used in the management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) leading to hospitalization. A prospective pharmacovigilance study was carried out among patients admitted to the Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology in Stara Zagora (July 1999–June 2009). ADRs were classified by type, severity and causality. Casecausality was scored according to Naranjo et al. (1981). Drug utilization was measured in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 hospital bed days. A total of 144 cutaneous ADRs, predominantly “type B” were the reason for hospitalization. Highest utilization for the management of ADRs was found for the drug groups “Blood and blood forming organs” (406.08 DDDs/100 bed days) and “Respiratory system” (111.15 DDDs/100 bed days). The use of DDD for measuring drug utilization reveals the importance of drug-induced exacerbations of chronic skin diseases like psoriasis which were associated with significant utilization of drugs belonging to the group “Blood and blood forming organs”. Considering the low preventability of “type B” ADRs, our findings suggest that potential reduction of drug-related hospitalizations may be achieved through the rational use of drugs in patients with comorbidities.
Barriers and Benefits of Investments into Enterprise Content Management Systems
Authors: Kunstová Renáta 
Published: October 2010

Barriers and Benefits of Investments into Enterprise Content Management Systems
This paper reviews the development and changes in the processing of large volumes of unstructured information. Author focuses on Enterprise Content Management (ECM) system and identifies three periods of its evolution. During this time ECM evolved to be high-quality and widely available technology, but many organisations have still not implemented ECM systems. The paper contains findings of a survey about the barriers and benefits of adoption of ECM systems, conducted in February 2010 in various organisations in Czech Republic.
Authentic Leadership in Contemporary Slovenian Business Environment: Explanatory Case Study of HERMES SoftLab
Authors: Dimovski Vlado , Grah Barbara , Penger Sandra , Peterlin Judita 
Published: October 2010

Authentic Leadership in Contemporary Slovenian Business Environment: Explanatory Case Study of HERMES SoftLab
The paper explores the authentic leadership in learning organization in Slovenian business environment. The purpose of the paper is to present relationship between authentic leadership and learning organization. Main research thesis is focused on characteristics of authentic leadership in company HERMES SoftLab. The main thesis of this paper is that authentic leadership in learning organization enables the growth of leaders in organizational surroundings through a constant dedication to authenticity and organizational learning that will be explored through the qualitative research method of case study research approach. Key research finding is that authentic leaders can be identified in company HERMES SoftLab and that there is a mutual influence between learning organization and authentic leadership. Therefore, the main research finding is that the learning organization leverages the authentic leadership, which in turn leverages the learning organization.
Providing the Success of Six Sigma by Proper Project Identification and Selection: Comparison Study between Slovenia and the UK
Authors: Gošnik Dušan , Bertoncelj Andrej 
Published: October 2010

Providing the Success of Six Sigma by Proper Project Identification and Selection: Comparison Study between Slovenia and the UK
Results of Six Sigma projects are related to company performance. Successful Six Sigma projects increase customer satisfaction and have many other positive effects on organisations. Success of Six Sigma projects is related to key management decision about how to identify potential projects and which projects to select for final implementation. This research is oriented toward the study of tools used in the phase of Six Sigma project identification and criteria used in the phase of Six Sigma project selection. The purpose of this research is to compare results from manufacturing sector in Slovenia and the UK. Results of this study indicate that management within the organisations tend to identify potential Six Sigma projects with the use of different tools, such as: brainstorming (Slovenia and UK.), followed by Critical To Quality tree (UK.), and interviews and customer visits (Slovenia). Further, the results show that the final decision about Six Sigma projects selection in the UK and Slovenia include different criteria, such as: customer benefit (Slovenia and UK), finance impact (UK) and connection to business strategy (Slovenia). Many companies in the UK as well in Slovenia combine the use of tools and balanced selection criteria at the same time.
Product Safety in the European Union
Authors: Gondárová Jana , Kováčová Natália , Štefaňák Peter 
Published: October 2010

Product Safety in the European Union
In the field of product safety, common Community rules are designed, part of which is also a rapid exchange of information on consumer products that threaten health and safety of consumers - RAPEX. This thesis explains working of RAPEX and analyzes the data of the annual reports of 2008 and 2009. The next part of thesis describes The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed that is actually one of the most important tools in ensuring food and feed safety. Its main purpose is to inform members of the system if there are products dangerous for human health on the market, to ensure a rapid action.
The Benefits of Applying CRM Systems in Manufacturing Enterprises - Lessons from Practice
Authors: Oreský Milan 
Published: October 2010

The Benefits of Applying CRM Systems in Manufacturing Enterprises - Lessons from Practice
Article contribution is to present in compound form results of survey about CRM systems performance, with orientation to exploitation of CRM software solutions, their assets towards development of relationships with customers and impact on company economic results. We state, how perceive CRM concept personnel within several companies also reasons of CRM system implementation and what are expectations. Major part of article is valuation of CRM system and its performance in production companies.
The importance of soil microorganisms for maintaining diverse plant communities in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Fitzsimons Michael S. , Miller R. Michael 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: According to the “Janzen‐Connell hypothesis,” soil microorganisms have the potential to increase plant community diversity by mediating negative feedback on plant growth. Evidence for such microbe‐driven negative feedback has been found in a variety of terrestrial systems. However, it is currently unknown how general this phenomenon is within most plant communities. Also unknown is the role of mutualists in generating such feedback: do they decrease the influence of soil‐mediated negative feedback on plant fitness or do they increase its effect by proliferating with plant hosts to which they give the least benefit?• Methods: We investigated soil‐microbe‐mediated feedback via a series of reciprocal transplant experiments in the greenhouse using soil from a restored tallgrass prairie and native tallgrass prairie plant species.• Key results: We found that negative feedback was very common but that mutualists (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) influence plant growth in opposition to the overall negative feedback trend.• Conclusions: Widespread microbially mediated negative feedback indicates that plant community diversity and composition in tallgrass prairie are dependent on soil microorganisms. Native soil microorganisms should be considered in restoration efforts of tallgrass prairie and, potentially, other native plant communities.
Intrinsic and extrinsic hydraulic factors in varying sizes of two Amazonian palm species (Iriartea deltoidea and Mauritia flexuosa) differing in development and growing environment
Authors: Renninger Heidi J. , Phillips Nathan 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: This study seeks to determine how hydraulic factors vary with ontogeny and whether they begin to limit further height growth in palms. Palms are an attractive group for physiological research because their columnar trunks and simple leaf habit allow key intrinsic and extrinsic hydraulic variables to be estimated more easily than in complex arborescent dicotyledons.• Methods: We measured various biometric and physiological factors including sap flux, leaf areas, turnover rates, and internode lengths in two Amazonian rainforest species: terra firme Iriartea deltoidea and swamp‐adapted Mauritia flexuosa. These two palm species differ markedly in edaphic conditions, leaf type (pinnately compound vs. palmate), and bole development, making physiological comparisons between them important as well.• Key results: The species exhibited differing patterns in height growth rate along boles, which appear to relate to their differences in bole development. Growth rates ultimately slowed at the tops of tall palms in both species. We also found a high degree of convergence in total leaf area with height in both species even though they exhibited contrasting patterns in both live frond number and leaf area per frond with height. Sap flux density from leaves was constant with height but four times greater in M. flexuosa than in I. deltoidea.• Conclusions: Although height growth rates slow considerably in tall palms, neither species shows evidence that hydraulic factors become limiting because they are able to support much greater leaf areas with similar sap flux densities as shorter palms.