bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sick at Work: Presenteeism among Nurses in a Portuguese Public Hospital
Authors: Martinez Luis F. , Ferreira Aristides I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPresenteeism refers to attending work despite being ill. This article focuses on this innovative organizational concept. Data from nurses at a major Portuguese public hospital (N = 296) reported some major causes of presenteeism, namely lower‐back pain, breath infections, migraines and stress. Although females revealed higher prevalence levels for most of the presenteeism causes, no gender differences were found regarding the number of hours people were affected by presenteeism. Moreover, other work variables were correlated—age, perceived health state, number of working hours, income and seniority—with a presenteeism scale (SPS‐6) and a Health Condition Index. Most importantly, a negative correlation was found between perceived health status and presenteeism. Additionally, more experienced and highly paid nurses tended to be less affected by presenteeism. Finally, the limitations of this study—as well as some implications of presenteeism on productivity loss—are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing software development efficiency and maintainability for complex industrial systems – A case study
Authors: Lagerström Robert , Sporrong Ulf , Wall Anders 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIt is difficult to manage complex software systems. Thus, many research initiatives focus on how to improve software development efficiency and maintainability. However, the trend in the industry is still alarming, software development projects fail, and maintenance is becoming more and more expensive. One problem could be that research has been focusing on the wrong things. Most research publications address either process improvements or architectural improvements. There are few known approaches that consider how architectural changes affect processes and vice versa. One method proposed, called the Business–Architecture–Process method, takes these aspects into consideration. In 2007 the method was tested in one case study. Findings in the 2007 case study show that the method is useful, but in need of improvements and further validation. The present paper employs the method in a second case study. The contribution in this paper is thus a second test and validation of the proposed method, and useful method improvements for future use of the method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of malachite green on the mRNA expression of detoxification‐related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and other major Chinese freshwater fishes
Authors: Li Guangyu , Shen Dan , Liang Xu‐Fang , He Yan , He Shan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. The aim of this study was to investigate the time and concentration‐dependent responses of xenobiotic metabolizing and detoxification‐related genes in diverse fishes exposed to MG both in vivo and in vitro. Experimental fish were administered to two exposure groups of malachite green (MG) (0.10 and 0.50 mg L−1) for 8 h. The hepatocytes isolated from Nile tilapia were incubated with MG (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L−1) for 8 and 24 h, respectively. In vivo, exposure to 0.10 and 0.50 mg L−1 MG for 8 h caused significant changes of the detoxification‐related genes on the mRNA expression levels. Low‐concentration (0.10 mg L−1) level of MG induced significant increase on the mRNA expression level of GSTR gene in Nile tilapia and other fishes. The mRNA expression of grass carp UCP2 was significantly induced when exposed to 0.5 mg L−1 MG. However, the mRNA expression levels of GSTA, CYP1A, and GPX were inhibited significantly by 0.5 mg L−1 MG in Nile tilapia, grass carp, and Taiwan snakehead. In vitro, the significant increase of mRNA expression of these genes was detected after exposure to 0.5 mg L−1 MG (UCP2), and 1.0 mg L−1 MG (CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2). The induction of hepatic CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2 in response to MG suggested a potential role of fish CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2 in MG metabolism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Nullifying the climate null hypothesis
Authors: Curry Judith 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis essay addresses Trenberth's statement that ‘Given that global warming is “unequivocal”, and is “very likely” due to human activities to quote the 2007 IPCC report, the null hypothesis should now be reversed, thereby placing the burden of proof on showing that there is no human influence.’ We examine how the concept of a null hypothesis is being used implicitly and explicitly in the scientific and policy debate on climate change, in the context of scientific hypothesis testing, as a framework for ‘burden of proof’ arguments and policy deliberations, and metaphorically in the context of a polemic. It is argued that the statement of a null hypothesis is not particularly useful in the broader context of the scientific inferences surrounding the topic of the attribution of climate change and also policy decisions. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:919–924. doi: 10.1002/wcc.141This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Detection and Attribution
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Long-Term Outcomes of Proximal Row Carpectomy: A Minimum of 15-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ali Mir H. , Rizzo Marco , Shin Alexander Y. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a popular procedure for the treatment of wrist arthritis; however, the long-term clinical outcomes of this procedure are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term results with PRC and to identify factors that may improve clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective study was performed on all patients who underwent proximal row carpectomy between January 1967 and January 1992. Medical records and available radiographs were reviewed. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and Patient Rated Wrist Exam, as well as hand motion diagrams were sent to all surviving patients. The contralateral extremity was used as a control. Data was analyzed using multivariant analysis and a Student's t test. Results Eighty-one patients underwent PRC. Average age at the time of surgery was 41 years. Average follow-up was 19.8 years. Sixty-one patients responded to the questionnaires. On final follow-up, wrist motion and grip strength were not significantly different from preoperative values. Radiographic follow-up beyond 2 years revealed joint narrowing and arthritic changes within the radiocapitate joint. Forty-six patients (74%) were not satisfied with the results of their surgery due to persistent pain or inability to return to previous occupational activities. Fifty-two patients required daily pain medication for wrist pain. Twelve patients had undergone a wrist arthrodesis. Conclusions Post-operative motion and grip strength values following PRC appear to remain stable over time. Surgical failure rates with conversion to wrist fusion occurred early within the post-operative follow-up. Many patients continued to complain of pain requiring daily medication and were unable to return to manual labor type jobs. The results of this study suggest that long-term patient satisfaction following PRC can be poor and the surgeon may wish to consider alternative treatment options for younger patients and those with high-demand jobs.
Functional deficits among patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Weston Andrea , Barton Cynthia , Lesselyong Julia , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) include no significant functional decline, but recent studies have suggested that subtle deficits often exist. It is not known whether these differ by MCI type. We investigated the level and type of functional impairment among patients with MCI.MethodsWe studied 498 patients, evaluated at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers of California between 2006 and 2009, who had multidisciplinary evaluations by experts, including neurologic examination and neuropsychological testing. Patients were diagnosed with MCI and subtype was determined using cognitive domain scores. In a cross‐sectional descriptive study, we examined whether functional impairment differed by MCI subtype, using the Blessed Roth Dementia Rating Scale (range: 0–17, higher scores indicating more impairment).ResultsAmong the participants, the mean age was 75.4 years, 50.7% were women, and 81.7% were white. Patients with amnestic‐ (n = 392, 78.7%) and nonamnestic‐type (n = 106, 21.3%) MCI had similar total Blessed Roth Dementia Rating Scale (1.6 and 1.5, respectively; P = .84) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (26.5 and 26.7, respectively; P = .60) scores. Patients with amnestic MCI were more likely to have difficulty in remembering lists and recalling recent events (P < .05 for both) and less likely to have difficulty in eating and with continence (P = .01 for both), as compared with those with nonamnestic MCI.ConclusionsDespite the MCI diagnostic criteria suggesting no functional impairment, our results indicate that patients with MCI experience mild functional deficits that vary according to the type of MCI.
Videoconference diagnosis and management of Choctaw Indian dementia patients
Authors: Weiner Myron F. , Rossetti Heidi C. , Harrah Kasia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study reports a 5‐year experience using videoconference (VC) technology in diagnosing and treating adult members of the Choctaw Nation with symptoms or complaints of cognitive impairment.MethodsPatients were given the option of a VC session or a face‐to‐face evaluation in the clinic. Before their VC session, patients underwent neuropsychological testing, Clinical Dementia Rating, Geriatric Depression Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory, brain computed tomography, and routine blood tests. Physical observations made by VC included eyesight, hearing, facial expression, gait and station, coordination, tremor, rapid alternating movements, psychomotor activity, and motor tests of executive function. Cogwheeling and rigidity were tested by our on‐site nurse, who also obtained vital signs as indicated.ResultsBetween January 2005 and March 2010, there were 47 clinics, 171 visits, and 85 unique patients. There were 52 new evaluations and 119 follow‐up visits. The number of visits ranged from one to eight and the length of follow‐up from 1 month to 4.5 years. The no‐show rate for all VC sessions in 2009 was 3%, and only two subjects in 5 years refused further VC visits.ConclusionOnce cultural barriers are dealt with, VC‐based diagnosis and treatment of adults with cognitive disorders who live in remote areas is feasible and well accepted by patients and families.
Effect of human cerebrospinal fluid sampling frequency on amyloid‐β levels
Authors: Li Jinhe , Llano Daniel A. , Ellis Teresa , LeBlond David , Bhathena Anahita , Jhee Stanford S. , Ereshefsky Larry , Lenz Robert , Waring Jeffrey F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundβ‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Emerging evidence indicates that Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may serve as an early clinical biomarker for evaluating pharmacological activity of new drug candidates targeting Aβ production or Aβ clearance. Therefore, it is critical to understand whether intrasubject levels of CSF Aβ are consistent between sampling intervals to determine whether Aβ can be used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for drug candidates. Previous studies have produced seemingly conflicting observations for the intrasubject stability of CSF Aβ levels; we attempt to reconcile these conflicting observations.MethodsThe current study examined the Aβ levels in CSF collected with various sampling frequencies from three clinical studies conducted in healthy young or elderly subjects at the same investigative site for the purpose of designing future studies.ResultsThe results suggest that CSF sampling frequency and/or sampling volume contributes to intrasubject variability in CSF Aβ levels, and that lowering the CSF sampling frequency may help minimize this effect.ConclusionThese results will help guide clinical trial design for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
A numerical study of an inline oscillating cylinder in a free stream
Authors: Leontini Justin S. , Lo Jacono David , Thompson Mark C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSimulations of a cylinder undergoing externally controlled sinusoidal oscillations in the free stream direction have been performed. The frequency of oscillation was kept equal to the vortex shedding frequency from a fixed cylinder, while the amplitude of oscillation was varied, and the response of the flow measured. With varying amplitude, a rich series of dynamic responses was recorded. With increasing amplitude, these states included wakes similar to the Kármán vortex street, quasiperiodic oscillations interleaved with regions of synchronized periodicity (periodic on multiple oscillation cycles), a period-doubled state and chaotic oscillations. It is hypothesized that, for low to moderate amplitudes, the wake dynamics are controlled by vortex shedding at a global frequency, modified by the oscillation. This vortex shedding is frequency modulated by the driven oscillation and amplitude modulated by vortex interaction. Data are presented to support this hypothesis.
EMPOWERMENT IN FAMILY PLANNING AS VIEWED BY IRANIAN WOMEN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: KOHAN SHAHNAZ , SIMBAR MASOUMEH , TALEGHANI FARIBA 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWomen carry the primary responsibility for family planning in most parts of the world, and should be afforded the power of decision-making and control over their fertility. This study seeks to gain insight into Iranian women's perception of the meaning of empowerment in family planning. Using a qualitative study, seven focus group discussions and five individual interviews were conducted with 35 married Iranian women of reproductive age. The data were analysed using a conventional content analysis approach, in which themes and categories were explored to reveal women's experiences of empowerment in family planning. The results demonstrated four main categories: control over fertility plan, participative family planning, maintaining health and access to optimal family planning services. They viewed knowledge of family planning and autonomy of decision-making in fertility issues as essential elements for control of their fertility plan. Participants felt more empowered when joint family planning decisions were made with their partners in an atmosphere of agreement. Therefore, family planning policymakers should plan services with new approaches that focus on women's health and empowerment.
THE IMPACT OF THE STOPPING RULE ON SEX RATIO OF LAST BIRTHS IN VIETNAM
Authors: PHAM BANG NGUYEN , ADAIR TIMOTHY , HILL PETER S. , RAO CHALAPATI 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis study examines the hypothesis that the stopping rule – a traditional postnatal sex selection method where couples decide to cease childbearing once they bear a son – plays a role in high sex ratio of last births (SRLB). The study develops a theoretical framework to demonstrate the operation of the stopping rule in a context of son preference. This framework was used to demonstrate the impact of the stopping rule on the SRLB in Vietnam, using data from the Population Change Survey 2006. The SRLB of Vietnam was high at the level of 130 in the period 1970–2006, and particularly in the period 1986–1995, when sex-selective abortion was not available. Women were 21% more likely to stop childbearing after a male birth compared with a female birth. The SRLB was highest at parity 2 (138.7), particularly in rural areas (153.5), and extremely high (181.9) when the previous birth was female. Given the declining fertility, the stopping rule has a potential synergistic effect with sex-selective abortion to accentuate a trend of one-son families in the population.
DESIRE FOR SONS AND SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY IN RURAL INDIA. A 20-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: VLASSOFF CAROL 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis paper compares the desired fertility of rural Indian women in 1987 with their actual fertility in 2007. Seventy-one respondents who stated definite fertility intentions and had fewer children than desired in 1987 were re-interviewed 20 years later, as part of a larger study. The results indicated that these women had fewer children than intended and stopped childbearing once they reached, or approximated, their desired number of sons. The majority had been sterilized, indicating broad acceptance of lower fertility among rural women and the success of India's family planning efforts, although the practice of sex determination seems also to have played a role. These findings echo those of an earlier longitudinal study of reproductive intentions and outcomes in the same community, demonstrating the persistence of son preference in determining reproductive behaviour, even in the context of low overall fertility. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy and programme implications of the study's findings.
Contact Anosov flows and the Fourier–Bros–Iagolnitzer transform
Authors: TSUJII MASATO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper is about spectral properties of transfer operators for contact Anosov flows. The main result gives the essential spectral radii of the transfer operators acting on an appropriate function space exactly and improves the previous result in Tsujii [Quasi-compactness of transfer operators for contact Anosov flows. Nonlinearity23 (2010), 1495–1545]. Also, we provide a simplified proof by using the so-called Fourier–Bros–Iagolnitzer (FBI) (or Bargmann) transform.
Possible sources of clastic sediment in the Late Proterozoic Torridon Group, from geochemical mass balance
Authors: Stewart A. D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEquations are derived which link the content of relatively insoluble components Si, Al, Fe and K in source rock and derived alluvial sediment. The equations also involve the ratio of specific suspended load to dissolved loadand specific bed load to suspended load (Tb/Ts) for the rivers which deposited the sediments. These ratios are generally unknown, but by analogy with modern rivers are taken to occupy the rangesand 0 ≦Tb/Ts≦1. This is sufficient to put close limits on the possible composition of the source rock. The equations suggest that clastic sediment forming the Late Proterozoic Torridon Group of Scotland was derived from sediments or metasediments, rather than fromaverageupper continental crust, granitoids or gneisses like those presently exposed nearby.
Ontogeny of the trilobiteOlenus wahlenbergiWestergård, 1922 from the upper Cambrian Alum Shales of Andrarum, Skåne, Sweden
Authors: Clarkson Euan N. K. , Taylor Cecilia M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe upper Cambrian trilobiteOlenus wahlenbergiWestergård, 1922 occurs abun- dantly in stinkstone concretions in the Alum Shales at Andrarum, in Skåne, southern Sweden (Olenus/Homagnostus obesusZone). All growth stages from anaprotaspis onwards are represented, though the early stages are comparatively uncommon and complete specimens are rare. Fine details of structure are preserved, suitable for scanning electron microscopic study.The protaspis has five axial rings, which in the adult become divided transversely and reduced to three, and the preglabellar field expands markedly in the holaspis. The librigena broadens during development and the eye, with its widely separated lenses is retained on the librigena throughout meraspid development. The visual surface dehisces during ecdysis from the early holaspid onwards, due to emplacement of the ocular suture. The hypostome apparently changes from a conterminant to a natant condition in the early holaspis, which is consistent with the growth of the preglabellar field at this stage. The transitory pygidium has a slightly serrated margin throughout development, but becomes entire when all thoracic segments have been liberated.Cuticular sculpture changes dramatically throughout ontogeny. Large (Type A) tubercles appear on the fixigena in early meraspides; these become prominent and coalesce by the end of meraspid development. They are abruptly replaced by smaller (Type B) tubercles in the early holaspid, which link to form a rough network in mature specimens. Comparable Type A tubercles in early meraspid librigenae give rise to a strong polygonal caecal sculpture in holaspids, while a radial sculpture on the broadening anterior border develops independently. The significance of these cuticular changes remains obscure. A median occipital organ is described for the first time in the Olenidae.
Processes of sedimentation in Gollum Channel, Porcupine Seabight: submersible observations and sediment analyses
Authors: Tudhope Alexander W. , Scoffin Terence P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractManned submersible dives were conducted in the submarine canyon channel system of Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic Ocean. Visual observations were made, and sediment samples collected and analysed to elucidate the nature of the sedimentary regime. In the upper part of the canyon (480-940 m water depth) sediments consisted of a mixture of terrigenous quartz rich silts and sands, skeletal carbonate of benthonic and planktonic origin and minor clay minerals and authigenic dolomite. There were localised Lophelia pertusa coral thickets on both the flanks and floor of the canyon. Sedimentary structures and physical measurements revealed there to be active transport of sediments in the canyon down to a depth of at least 940 m, effected by (?tidal) reversing currents and bioturbation. In these parts of the canyon, deposits around glacial dropstones and coral thickets indicate that there has been a maximum of 0-1 m of net sediment accumulation since the last glacial period. At 3000 m water depth, in the channel system, the sediments were fine calcareous ooze with a drape (up to 0-3 m thick) of flocculant phytoplankton detritus. At these depths, there was no evidence for present-day sediment resuspension by currents.
Middle Ordovician olenid trilobites (TriarthrusGreen andPorterfieldiaCooper) from Jämtland, central Sweden
Authors: Månsson Kristina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTriarthrinid trilobites are described from the Middle Ordovician Andersön Shale and Örån Shale of Jämtland, central Sweden. The faunas include at least five species, belonging to two genera,PorterfieldiaCooper 1953 andTriarthrusGreen 1832.Porterfieldiais represented by a single species,Porterfieldia humilis(Hadding 1913), while at least four species belong toTriarthrus: T. frejiThorslund, 1940,T. jemtlandicusLinnarsson, 1875,T. latissimusnom. nov. andT. linnarssoniThorslund, 1940. P.humilisis found only in the lower Andersön Shale, equivalent to theHustedograptus teretiusculusZone.T. freji, T. jemtlandicusandT. latissimusoccur frequently in the upper part of the Anderson Shale, which comprises theNemagraptus gracilisZone, and probably also the lower part of theDiplograptus multidensZone.T. linnarssonioccurs throughout the Örån Shale (mainlyDicranograptus clinganiZone).T. jemtlandicusandT.aff.linnarssoniare also sporadically present in the lower and middle parts of the Oran Shale. Almost all growth stages ofT. latissimus, from the anaprotaspid stage and onwards, are represented and the ontogeny is described. The early stages are, however, comparatively uncommon.