bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelin‐1‐ and isoproterenol‐induced differential protein expression and signaling pathway in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hong Hye‐Min , Song Eun Joo , Oh Eulsik , Kabir Mohammad Humayun , Lee Cheolju , Yoo Young Sook 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is well known that the two chemical compounds endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and isoproterenol (ISO) can individually induce cardiac hypertrophy through G protein‐coupled receptors in cardiomyocytes. However, the cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathway activated by ET‐1 and ISO is not well defined. Therefore, we investigated the protein expression profile and signaling transduction in HL‐l cardiomyocyte cells treated with ET‐1 and ISO. Following separation of the cell lysates by using 2‐DE and silver staining, we identified 16 protein spots that were differentially expressed as compared to the controls. Of these 16 spots, three changed only after treatment with ET‐1, whereas four changed only after treatment with ISO, suggesting that these two stimuli could induce different signaling pathways. In order to reveal the differences between ET‐1‐ and ISO‐induced signaling, we studied the different events that occur at each step of the signaling pathways, when selected biocomponents were blocked by inhibitors. Our results indicated that ET‐1 and ISO used different pathways for phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β). ET‐1 mainly used the mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/AKT pathways to activate GSK3β, whereas under ISO stimulation, only the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/AKT pathway was required to trigger the GSK3β pathway. Furthermore, the strength of the GSK3β signal in ISO‐induced cardiac hypertrophy was stronger than that in ET‐1‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. We found that these two agonists brought about different changes in the protein expression of HL‐1 cardiomyocytes through distinct signaling pathways even though the destination of the two signaling pathways was the same.
Mapping the glycoxidation product Nε‐carboxymethyllysine in the milk proteome
Authors: Meyer Bianca , Al‐Diab Dima , Vollmer Gregor , Pischetsrieder Monika 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMilk processing leads to severe protein damage caused by the formation of nonenzymatic posttranslational modifications (nePTMs), such as glycation and glycoxidation. As a result, the technological and nutritional function of milk proteins can be critically altered. The present study investigated the protein‐specific distribution of the glycoxidation product Nε‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) in the proteome of processed milk. For this purpose, raw milk and heated milk were separated by 1‐D or 2‐DE. The distribution of CML in the milk proteome was examined by immunoblotting. The changes in the protein composition that occurred during heating were monitored by Coomassie staining. Relative modification rates were measured for the major milk protein fractions after 30 and 60 min of heating at 120°C and normalized to the content of the respective protein fraction in the samples. The highest glycoxidation rates were detected in the high molecular weight aggregates that are generated during heating. The casein fraction and the whey protein β‐lactoglobulin were affected in a similar manner. The relevance of the results for industrial milk processing was confirmed by analyzing several commercial milk products accordingly. The presented approach allows nonenzymatic posttranslational modification mapping of the entire milk proteome.
Proteomic analysis of peripheral layers during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain development
Authors: Tasleem‐Tahir Ayesha , Nadaud Isabelle , Girousse Christine , Martre Pierre , Marion Didier , Branlard Gérard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGrains of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum (cv. Récital), were collected at 15 stages of development, from anthesis to physiological maturity, 0–700°C days (degree days after anthesis). Two hundred and seven proteins of grain peripheral layers (inner pericarp, hyaline, testa and aleurone layer) were identified by 2‐DE, MALDI‐TOF MS and data mining, then were classified in 16 different functional categories. Study of the protein expression over time allowed identification of five main profiles and four distinct phases of development. Composite expression curves indicated that there was a shift from metabolic processes, translation, transcription and ATP interconversion towards storage and defence processes. Protein synthesis, protein turnover, signal transduction, membrane transport and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the mediating functions of this shift. A picture of the dynamic processes taking place in peripheral layers during grain development was obtained in this study. It should further help in the construction of proteome reference maps for the developing peripheral layers.
Determination of in‐gel protein concentration by a ninhydrin‐based method
Authors: Kang Sung Ung , Lubec Gert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUntil now quantification of proteins in gel‐based methods relies on the amount of protein loaded onto the gel. This does not, however, represent the amount of proteins in the gel and therefore determination of proteins within the gel is mandatory. A method to quantify proteins, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, using in‐gel digestion with proteases, subsequent acid hydrolysis and the use of the ninhydrin reaction is herein presented.
Angular correlation for nuclear muon capture
Authors: Ciechanowicz S. , Oziewicz Z. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFormulae for the capture rates, gamma‐neutrino correlations, and angular distributions of recoil in muon capture processes Ji Jf by an unpolarized nucleus for Ji ≦ 3 and Jf ≦ 5/2, with and without change of parity of nuclear levels, are given explicitely in terms of the multipole amplitudes. Relation of helicity amplitudes for muonic atom decay to the multipole amplitudes and to amplitudes introduced by other authors is presented. The derivation is based on kinematics only, and the formulae are strictly valid for the muon capture by any nuclei.The formulae are convenient for model calculations of partial transitions with realistic nuclear and muon wave functions and for the phenomenological analysis of a weak interaction.
Application of the method of collective coordinates the the quantisation of the two‐dimensional higgs model
Authors: Muller‐Kirsten H. J. W. , Wiedemann A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of the application of the method of collective coordinates to the two dimensional Higgs model is given. First the instanton solution is derived, and the geometry of configuration space, and the construction of Schrodinger wave functionals are discussed. It is then explicitly verified that the Goldstone mode is the projection of the vacuum state onto the generator of the broken symmetry. The elimination of this Goldstone mode by means of the unitary gauge condition is demonstrated to the the crucial point in the construction of a consistent perturbation procedure. The parameter of the broken symmetry group is then used as the collective coordinate for field configurations around a minimum of the interaction. Throughout, the discussion is sufficiently detailed in order to facilitate the application of the method to other fields.
The process of multi‐hadron production and the problem of colour confinement
Authors: Kalinkin B. N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new possibility of interpreting the multiple production characteristics is discussed based on the results obtained in a large number of papers. It is shown that assuming the mechanism of dynamic‐confinement of “colour”, one can consistently construct a model of multiple hadron production at high energies containing the thermodynamics mechanism as an essential element. This model accounts for the basic characteristics of this process in the hadron interactions, e+e−‐annihilation. deep inelastic lepton‐nucleon scattering and in the reactions followed by the production of particles with large transverse momenta as well.It does not contradict the data on the multiple production in the interaction of hadrons and of nuclei with nuclei.
Theoretical study of solvent influence on the electronic absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine
Authors: Benassi Enrico , Sherin Peter S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeutral/zwitterionic form equilibrium, excited state wave functions, absorption and emission spectra of kynurenine (KN) in various solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethylsulfoxide) have been studied theoretically. The ground electronic state geometries have been optimized by density functional theory methods; the geometries of the first two singlets excited electronic states have been optimized using the CASSCF technique. The influence of the solvent was taken into account by the calculation of the solvation free energies using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). The spectra of electronic absorption and fluorescence emission have been calculated by the CS‐INDO S‐CI and SDT‐CI methods [Momicchioli, Baraldi, and Bruni, Chem Phys, 1983, 82, 229]. The calculated data reproduce the experimental positions of maxima and the solvent‐induced shifts of the absorption and emission bands well. The energy gap between the two lowest excited states of KN increases from aprotic to protic solvents. This fact suggests that the “proximity effect” cannot be responsible for the ultrafast decay of KN fluorescence in protic solvents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Classification of partially reflecting surfaces using photodetached electron spectrum
Authors: Afaq A. , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotodetachment spectra of H− near a partially reflecting surface is investigated by closed orbit theory. A reflection parameter K is introduced for the analysis of the photodetached‐electron spectrum. Factor K controls the spectra on the screen and strongly depends on the surface properties of a material. This parameter can effectively be used for the classification of surfaces using photodetachment microscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Analysis of exemestane and 17β‐hydroxyexemestane in human urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: development and validation of a method using MO‐TMS derivatives
Authors: Cavalcanti Gustavo de A. , Garrido Bruno C. , Leal Felipe D. , Padilha Monica C. , de la Torre Xavier , Pereira Henrique M.G. , Neto Francisco R. de Aquino 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTrimethylsilylation of anabolic agents and their metabolites is frequently achieved by using the derivatization mixture N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA)/NH4I/2‐mercaptoethanol. Nevertheless, artifacts were formed when this mixture was employed in the monitoring of exemestane and its main metabolite 17β‐hydroxyexemestane prior to GC‐MS analysis. These artifacts were identified as the N‐methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTFA) and trimethylsiloxyethylmercapto products of the respective trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. Furthermore, artifact formation was evaluated taking the structure (1,4‐diene‐3‐keto‐6‐exomethylene) of the compounds into account. Although these artifacts are relevant for investigations regarding the derivatization process and may be of interest in many fields, they are detrimental to cope with the requirements of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) in terms of the limits of detection (LODs) required. To overcome this issue, a method using an alternative derivatization was proposed: formation of methyloxime‐TMS derivatives through double derivatization using O‐methylhydroxylamine/pyridine and MSTFA/TMS imidazole after enzymatic hydrolysis and liquid‐liquid extraction. Samples from an excretion study after administration of exemestane to healthy volunteers were analyzed by the proposed method and detection of both exemestane and its main metabolite was possible. This method showed excellent results for both analytes meeting the LODs required for antiestrogenic agents (50 ng/mL) established by WADA. The method was validated for the main metabolite, it was robust and cost‐effective for qualitative and quantitative purposes, with LOD and LOQ of 10 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple imputation of missing dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Schenker Nathaniel , Borrud Lori G. , Burt Vicki L. , Curtin Lester R. , Flegal Katherine M. , Hughes Jeffery , Johnson Clifford L. , Looker Anne C. , Mirel Lisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn 1999, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were added to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to provide information on soft tissue composition and bone mineral content. However, in 1999–2004, DXA data were missing in whole or in part for about 21 per cent of the NHANES participants eligible for the DXA examination; and the missingness is associated with important characteristics such as body mass index and age. To handle this missing‐data problem, multiple imputation of the missing DXA data was performed. Several features made the project interesting and challenging statistically, including the relationship between missingness on the DXA measures and the values of other variables; the highly multivariate nature of the variables being imputed; the need to transform the DXA variables during the imputation process; the desire to use a large number of non‐DXA predictors, many of which had small amounts of missing data themselves, in the imputation models; the use of lower bounds in the imputation procedure; and relationships between the DXA variables and other variables, which helped both in creating and evaluating the imputations. This paper describes the imputation models, methods, and evaluations for this publicly available data resource and demonstrates properties of the imputations via examples of analyses of the data. The analyses suggest that imputation helps to correct biases that occur in estimates based on the data without imputation, and that it helps to increase the precision of estimates as well. Moreover, multiple imputation usually yields larger estimated standard errors than those obtained with single imputation. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified self‐controlled case series method to examine association between multidose vaccinations and death
Authors: Kuhnert Ronny , Hecker Hartmut , Poethko‐Müller Christina , Schlaud Martin , Vennemann Mechtild , Whitaker Heather J. , Farrington C. Paddy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe self‐controlled case series method (SCCS) was developed to analyze the association between a time‐varying exposure and an outcome event. We consider penta‐ or hexavalent vaccination as the exposure and unexplained sudden unexpected death (uSUD) as the event. The special situation of multiple exposures and a terminal event requires adaptation of the standard SCCS method. This paper proposes a new adaptation, in which observation periods are truncated according to the vaccination schedule. The new method exploits known minimum spacings between successive vaccine doses. Its advantage is that it is very much simpler to apply than the method for censored, perturbed or curtailed post‐event exposures recently introduced. This paper presents a comparison of these two SCCS methods by simulation studies and an application to a real data set. In the simulation studies, the age distribution and the assumed vaccination schedule were based on real data. Only small differences between the two SCCS methods were observed, although 50 per cent of cases could not be included in the analysis with the SCCS method with truncated observation periods. By means of a study including 300 uSUD, a 16‐fold risk increase after the 4th dose could be detected with a power of at least 90 per cent. A general 2‐fold risk increase after vaccination could be detected with a power of 80 per cent. Reanalysis of data from cases of the German case–control study on sudden infant death (GeSID) resulted in slightly higher point estimates using the SCCS methods than the odds ratio obtained by the case–control analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of weighted CUSUM procedures that account for monotone changes in population size
Authors: Shu Lianjie , Jiang Wei , Tsui Kwok‐Leung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe CUSUM procedure has been popularly used for detecting a shift in the incidence rate of a rare health event. Many CUSUM methods are developed based on a Poisson model with a constant mean number of events. In practice, the expected number of events is likely to vary over time as the population size at risk is not constant but often grows over time. An increase in the baseline incidence rate tends to be masked by the population growth. To efficiently detect an increase in the baseline incidence rate, it is appealing to assign more weight to recent observations and less weight to older observations. This paper compares weighted CUSUM (WCUSUM) and conventional CUSUM procedures in the presence of monotone changes in population size. The simulation results show that the WCUSUM method may be more efficient than the conventional CUSUM methods in detecting increases in the incidence rate, especially for small shifts. An example based on mortality data from New Mexico is used to illustrate the implementation of the WCUSUM method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying optimal risk windows for self‐controlled case series studies of vaccine safety
Authors: Xu Stanley , Zhang Lijing , Nelson Jennifer C. , Zeng Chan , Mullooly John , McClure David , Glanz Jason 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn vaccine safety studies, subjects are considered at increased risk for adverse events for a period of time after vaccination known as risk window. To our knowledge, risk windows for vaccine safety studies have tended to be pre‐defined and not to use information from the current study. Inaccurate specification of the risk window can result in either including the true control period in the risk window or including some of the risk window in the control period, which can introduce bias. We propose a data‐based approach for identifying the optimal risk windows for self‐controlled case series studies of vaccine safety. The approach involves fitting conditional Poisson regression models to obtain incidence rate ratio estimates for different risk window lengths. For a specified risk window length (L), the average time at risk, T(L), is calculated. When the specified risk window is shorter than the true, the incidence rate ratio decreases with 1/T(L) increasing but there is no explicit relationship. When the specified risk window is longer than the true, the incidence rate ratio increases linearly with 1/T(L) increasing. Theoretically, the risk window with the maximum incidence ratio is the optimal risk window. Because of sparse data problem, we recommend using both the maximum incidence rate ratio and the linear relationship when the specified risk window is longer than the true to identify the optimal risk windows. Both simulation studies and vaccine safety data applications show that our proposed approach is effective in identifying medium and long‐risk windows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can the rectovaginal septum be visualized by transvaginal three‐dimensional ultrasound?
Authors: Dietz H. P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe rectovaginal septum (RVS) is described as a layer of connective tissue separating the anorectum from the vagina. RVS defects are thought to be responsible for rectocele formation. This study attempted to visualize the RVS with transvaginal three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound.MethodsFifty‐two women were interviewed and underwent clinical examination and pelvic floor ultrasound examination. Two‐dimensional (2D) translabial imaging was used to assess for rectocele on maximal Valsalva maneuver. Transvaginal volume ultrasound data were archived and analyzed 6–9 months later, by an observer blinded to clinical data. 3D volumes were assessed for the presence of a hyperechoic layer between the vaginal muscularis and internal anal sphincter/anorectal muscularis. Data were analyzed relative to clinical findings, symptoms and the 2D ultrasound diagnosis of a rectocele.ResultsForty‐six volume ultrasound datasets could be analyzed. On clinical examination, 20 women were found to have a rectocele (≥ Stage 2). On translabial ultrasound there were 28 (61%) women with true rectocele i.e. pocketing of the rectal ampulla. On 3D ultrasound a hyperechogenic layer between vaginal and anorectal muscularis was identified in all but one patient. Gaps in this layer were identified in 10 (22%) women. There were no consistent associations between clinical findings of posterior compartment descent or sonographically detected rectocele and RVS thickness or extent, or the finding of a gap in the RVS on 3D imaging.ConclusionsThe RVS may be identifiable with static transvaginal 3D ultrasound, but this method does not seem to yield any information that correlates with clinical or translabial 2D ultrasound findings of posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive detection of chemical‐induced genotoxicity by the Cypridina secretory luciferase reporter assay, using DNA repair‐deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ochi Yukari , Sugawara Harumi , Iwami Mio , Tanaka Megumi , Eki Toshihiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractYeast‐based reporter assays are useful for detecting various genotoxic chemicals. We established a genotoxicity assay using recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each containing a reporter plasmid with the secretory luciferase gene from Cypridina noctiluca, driven by a DNA damage‐responsive promoter of the yeast RNR3 gene. This system detected the genotoxicity of methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) as sensitively as conventional yeast‐based reporter assays, using the β‐galactosidase gene in a concentration‐dependent manner; it also detects four other genotoxic chemicals, allowing us to monitor DNA damage easily by skipping the cell extraction process for the assay. We examined Cypridina luciferase levels induced by MMS and three antitumour agents using a set of BY4741‐derived deletion mutants, each defective in a DNA repair pathway or DNA damage checkpoint. Luciferase activities were particularly enhanced in mutant strains with mms2Δ and mag1Δ by exposure to MMS, rad59Δ and mlh1Δ to camptothecin and mms2Δ and mlh1Δ to mitomycin C, respectively, compared with their parent strains. Enhanced reporter activities were also found in some DNA repair mutants with cisplatin. These observations suggest that this Cypridina secretory luciferase reporter assay using yeast DNA repair mutants offers convenient and sensitive detection of the potential genotoxicity of numerous compounds, including antitumour drugs and studying the mechanisms of DNA damage response in yeast. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.