bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Global Englishes Varieties intoEFLClassrooms: Development of Listening Comprehension and Pronunciation
Authors: Miao Yongzhi , Kang Okim , Meng Xianghui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rise of different English varieties, scholars argued for reconceptualizing teaching pedagogies to acknowledge and incorporate diverse Global English (GE) varieties into the classroom (Rose & Galloway, 2019). However, very few studies explored the effectiveness of such innovative pedagogy on language skills. This study investigated the effect of an 8‐week GE‐oriented English intervention on the development of learners' listening comprehension and pronunciation. Two intact classes of undergraduate English learners in China were sampled over one semester. The intervention group (n = 29) received (a) awareness‐raising activities about different GE varieties and (b) explicit teaching of and exposure to different spoken varieties of English and their linguistic features. The control group (n = 21) received instruction modeled on American English. The intervention lasted 8 weeks (one session of 45 minutes/week). A pretest, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest (3 weeks after) were administered. Results from mixed effect models suggested (a) positive, yet unsustained effects on listening comprehension of GE varieties and (b) no effect on pronunciation development. Findings provide preliminary evidence for the practicality and effectiveness of GE‐oriented language classrooms.
Induction of tauopathy in a mouse model of amyloidosis using intravenous administration of adeno‐associated virus vectors expressing human P301L tau
Authors: Finneran Dylan J. , Desjarlais Taylor , Henry Alayna , Jackman Brianna M. , Gordon Marcia N. , Morgan David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which extracellular aggregates of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide precede widespread intracellular inclusions of the microtubule‐associated protein tau. The autosomal dominant form of AD requires mutations that increase production or aggregation of the Aβ peptide. This has led to the hypothesis that amyloid deposition initiates downstream responses that lead to the hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau.METHODSHere we use a novel approach, somatic gene transfer via intravenous adeno‐associated virus (AAV), to further explore the effects of pre‐existing amyloid deposits on tauopathy. APP+PS1 mice, which develop amyloid deposits at 3 to 6 months of age, and non‐transgenic littermates were injected at 8 months of age intravenously with AAV‐PHP.eB encoding P301L human tau. Tissue was collected at 13 months and tauopathy was assessed.RESULTSTotal human tau expression was observed to be relatively uniform throughout the brain, reflecting the vascular route of AAV administration. Phospho‐tau deposition was not equal across brain regions and significantly increased in APP+PS1 mice compared to non‐transgenic controls. Interestingly, the rank order of phospho‐tau deposition of affected brain regions in both genotypes paralleled the rank order of amyloid plaque deposits in APP+PS1 mice. We also observed significantly increased MAPT RNA expression in APP+PS1 mice compared to non‐transgenic despite equal AAV transduction efficiency between groups.DISCUSSIONThis model has advantages over prior approaches with widespread uniform human tau expression throughout the brain and the ability to specify the stage of amyloidosis when the tau pathology is initiated. These data add further support to the amyloid cascade hypothesis and suggest RNA metabolism as a potential mechanism for amyloid‐induced tauopathy.
Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication in a dog with pericardial effusion and a heart base mass‐like effect
Authors: McCrae Sean , Skinner Stephanie , Odunayo Adesola , Wolf Jacob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 4‐year‐old American Pitbull terrier presented for acute onset of a honking cough, vomiting and anorexia. Thoracic radiographs revealed tracheal narrowing consistent with a mass effect or tracheal collapse. The dog was hospitalised but acutely developed respiratory distress, syncope and pale mucous membranes. Moderate pleural effusion and a heart base mass were noted on echocardiographic examination as well as evidence of cardiac tamponade. Coagulation times were severely prolonged. After additional discussion with the owners, rodenticide exposure was considered possible. The owners elected humane euthanasia. A necropsy revealed gross evidence of intrathoracic haemorrhage and a heart base mass consistent with a haematoma. There was no evidence of neoplasia on histopathological evaluation of the tissues. A final diagnosis of rodenticide intoxication was made. This case report demonstrates the importance of considering anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication in patients with a history of pericardial effusion. It is also important to consider a haematoma as a differential diagnosis when a heart‐associated mass is visualised in patients with pericardial effusion.
Spermatic cord torsion associated with perineal hernia in a cryptorchid dog
Authors: Tsioli Vassiliki , Flouraki Evgenia , Zacharopoulou Theodora 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old male German Shepherd dog with a history of dyschezia, tenesmus and perineal swelling for 1 month was referred. The dog was known to be unilaterally abdominal cryptorchid. The normally descended testis had been surgically removed a few years ago. On physical examination, a firm, non‐painful, irreducible mass was palpable in the left perineal region. Digital rectal examination revealed rectal deviation, and the pelvic diaphragm was absent on the left. The prostate gland was normal upon palpation. Abdominal radiography revealed that the urinary bladder was present in the caudal abdomen. Based on clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, a diagnosis of perineal hernia was made. Surgical exploration revealed the presence of left spermatic cord torsion in the perineal hernia. The testis was removed, and internal obturator muscle transposition was performed for herniorrhaphy. The dog had an uneventful recovery, and the results of re‐examinations 10 days, 6 months and 12 months later were normal.
Measurement of proviral load associated with the development of lymphocytosis in bovine leukaemia virus‐infected Holstein cattle at a dairy farm in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe monitored the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) proviral load (PVL) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the PBL counts in BLV‐infected cattle on a dairy farm in Japan to determine the changes in PVL with the progression of lymphocytosis. A total of 25 BLV‐infected Holstein cattle at a dairy farm were followed up from May 2015 (0 month) to April 2016 (11 months). PBL counts and PVL were measured three times in 25 cattle. Based on their PBL counts, five cattle with normal PBL (≤7500 cells/µL) at 0 month but high PBL (>7500 cells/µL) at 11 months were classified as the increased group. All cattle in the increased group showed increased PVL compared to asymptomatic aleukaemic carriers at 11 months. This study revealed increases in PVL with the progression of lymphocytosis, suggesting that cattle with progression of lymphocytosis should be segregated from BLV‐negative cattle as soon as possible.
Sleep dysfunction in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cvancara David J. , Aboueisha Mohamed A. , Sharma Ayush A. , Sharma Dhruv , Humphreys Ian M. , Jafari Aria , Abuzeid Waleed M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveStudies have described sleep dysfunction (SD) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, there is a paucity of literature describing sleep dysfunction in the context of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of SD in patients with AERD relative to CRS.MethodsThis study is a prospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with CRS without polyposis (CRSsNP, n = 206), CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, n = 38), and AERD (n = 28) were recruited prospectively in academic center rhinology clinic. SD was assessed using the Neuro‐QOL Short Form v1.0‐Sleep Disturbance (sleep‐QOL), for which severe SD is defined as a score >2.0 standard deviations from the normalized mean. Demographic and patient‐reported outcome measures (including SNOT‐22 and PHQ‐2) were collected to adjust for sleep confounders. Comparisons were made between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of severe SD was significantly higher in AERD (57.1%) than in CRSsNP (32.5%) or CRSwNP (34.2%), p = 0.038. After adjusting for sleep confounders, the risk of sleep dysfunction remained higher among patients with AERD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72 vs. CRSsNP, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–6.27, p = 0.02; OR = 3.06 vs. CRSwNP, 95% CI = 1.06–8.82, p = 0.04). SNOT‐22 total score and the sleep subdomain showed no correlation with sleep‐QOL score.ConclusionsThe frequency and severity of SD are greater in AERD patients than in patients with CRS with or without nasal polyposis, independent of confounders of sleep quality. While the putative link between AERD and SD remains elusive, this study suggests that SD in AERD may be greater than previously recognized.
Principles of Mixing and Fractionation Models
Authors: Skrzypek G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUpfront consideration of possible mixing scenarios is required to achieve an optimal sampling design and deliver a successful project. This will also help increase efficiency by reducing the number of samples, workload and cost without compromising the final outcomes. Chapter 2 summarised key information about a conceptual framework for devising a sampling design for tracing non-particulate agricultural pollutants in surface and groundwaters on a catchment scale. This chapter provides a short introduction to mixing models applicable to tracers for water pollution studies.
Conclusion: Stable Isotope Tracers Are Useful for the Identification of Pollutants in Agro-ecosystems
Authors: Imfeld G. , Skrzypek G. , Adu-Gyamfi J. , Heng L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPollutant management in agro-ecosystems is a complex challenge that requires two key questions to be answered: (i) how to improve identification and quantification of pollutant sources, transport pathways and fate on the catchment scale? and (ii) how to prioritise and combine soil and water management practices to minimise the use and impact of agro-pollutants? An integrative book such as this one, focusing on the stable H, C, N, O and S isotope compositions of a variety of agro-pollutants, may help to address the first question and enable increasingly precise and robust evaluation of pollution in agro-ecosystems.
Introduction
Authors: Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter explains how and why economics is useful for studying agriculture and food systems. All human populations have profound similarities in our nutritional needs, but people everywhere live under vastly different conditions. The economics of agriculture, food and nutrition offers powerful insights into how and why people respond to their unique circumstances in different ways. Economics offers a toolkit of methods and data developed over centuries of studying how people escaped hunger and undernutrition, and now need to address climate change, the global rise of diet-related diseases and other obstacles to further progress. This book is intended to be a core text for students in courses taking an economics perspective on food policy, agricultural development, food systems, or nutrition and health. No previous training is needed beyond secondary school algebra and geometry. Some students will come at this topic from the humanities and social sciences, while others will have studied agriculture or the health sciences, but everyone can use economics to understand how individual decisions and societal interactions drive the outcomes we observe, and how evidence-based policies and interventions can best improve agriculture, food and health.
Social Welfare: Evaluating Change in Food Markets
Authors: Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEconomic principles help us explain observed outcomes as the result of each person having made consistent choices from their limited options. This approach helps us predict how people respond to new circumstances, and also provides a framework for inference about changes in the level of multidimensional wellbeing that a population can reach when their circumstances change. The first section of this chapter shows how changes in welfare can be compared in terms of economic surplus for consumers, producers and others in each community. We show how the concept of economic surplus helps explain and guide decision-making around policy choices, with strengths and limitations relative to other approaches. In the second section of the chapter, we use economic surplus to begin analysis of market failures, starting with externalities. Externalities are the unintended impacts of market activity on other people who may be harmed or benefit from nonmarket side effects of production or consumption. We discuss the many externalities that arise in agriculture, food systems and health, using economic surplus to show how decision-makers can consider the interests of both market participants and people affected by nonmarket externalities.
Poverty and Risk: Variation Among People and Over Time
Authors: Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious chapters focused on the total or average level of each thing, for individuals and communities, introducing the economic principles used to explain and predict outcomes using a series of analytical diagrams that help us understand each population’s efficiency in using scarce resources to secure their wellbeing. Starting with this chapter the book shifts from theory to practice, introducing the data on how those outcomes differ and change within countries and around the world. The first section of this chapter introduces data on economic disparities around the world, introducing definitions and measurement for poverty and inequality. The second section shows how poverty relates to risk and change, introducing definitions and measurement for food insecurity, vulnerability and resilience. We show how formal and informal systems for insurance and credit address some risks but not others, leaving an important role for social assistance and safety net programs to sustain social inclusion, keeping children and adults out of poverty and achieve each population’s goals for equity, efficiency and sustainability over time.
What Does “Vulnerability” Mean? San Representatives Define Vulnerability for Themselves
Authors: Schroeder Doris , Chatfield Kate , Chennells Roger , Partington Hazel , Kimani Joshua , Thomson Gillian , Odhiambo Joyce Adhiambo , Snyders Leana , Louw Collin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Indigenous San peoples, often referred to as South Africa’s “First Peoples”, experienced a violent history of displacement and genocide. Modern-day San still suffer from the intergenerational trauma inflicted by colonists as well as discrimination, marginalisation and impoverishment. In addition, the South African San are collectively labelled as a vulnerable group, whose inclusion in research should be reduced to a minimum if one follows traditional protection mechanisms from research ethics. The purpose of this chapter is to let the San define “vulnerability” for themselves through workshops and community-administered surveys. It became clear that San representatives did not perceive the word “vulnerable” to be pejorative per se. On the contrary, it served as a useful umbrella term to cover a vast range of issues and problems. However, it also became clear that the term is perceived as negative when external actors block research—in a potentially patronising manner—that could be beneficial to the community. Equitable research partnerships between researchers and South African San community members, facilitated by the South African San Council and guided by the San Code of Research Ethics, can lead to rich data that have the potential to assist the community in finding ways out of vulnerability. Externally labelling them as “vulnerable” as a group and blocking access to research cannot be the solution.
Haftungsrisiken im Kontext von Open Source Hardware
Authors: Kuschel Linda , Haller Lisa 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Risiko, für etwaige Personen- und Sachschäden die bei der Herstellung und Nutzung von Open Source Hardware (OSH) entstehen, zu haften, kann für die Verbreitung von OSH ein großes Hindernis darstellen. Die rechtlichen Fragen, die sich in diesem Zusammenhang stellen, sind durchaus komplex und neuartig. Das liegt zum einen an der Natur der Wertschöpfungskette von OSH, bei der auf verschiedenen Stufen (Designentwurf, Herstellung, Verbreitung) unterschiedliche Personen(gruppen) beteiligt sind. Zum anderen wird OSH häufig aus altruistischen Zwecken und von Laien entworfen, hergestellt und verbreitet, für die ein einheitlicher Sorgfaltsmaßstab nur schwer zu bilden ist. In diesem Beitrag wird überblicksartig auf die potenzielle Haftung der Designer eines OSH-Bauplanes eingegangen. Dabei werden einige der wichtigsten rechtlichen Fragestellungen identifiziert und Perspektiven für die weitere Forschung aufgezeigt.
Co-kreative Produktentwicklung für eine lokale und unternehmensübergreifende Produktion
Authors: Saubke Dominik , Krenz Pascal 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Produktentwicklung verlagert sich zunehmend in den digitalen Raum. Co-Creation Communities gelten als zukünftige treibende Kraft für interdisziplinäre und individuell gesteuerte Innovationen. Dagegen offenbarten einige Vorfälle der letzten Jahre (Pandemie, Suez-Kanal Blockade, usw.) die Anfälligkeit der globalen Wertschöpfung gegenüber Störungen. Der Trend, in Zukunft verstärkt lokal am Ort des Bedarfs zu produzieren, wird bereits seit Jahren durch Initiativen wie z. B. FabCity auf die Agenda regionaler Politik gesetzt und zunehmend auch in vielen Unternehmen strategisch diskutiert. Dies führt zu global entwickelten Artefakten, die lokal produziert werden können. Dabei hängt der Erfolg einer Entwicklung direkt von der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (Umsetzbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit) ab. Im klassischen Produktionsunternehmen wird dies durch einen frühzeitigen Wissensaustausch von Produktion und Produktentwicklung gewährleistet. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die zukünftigen Herausforderungen der Planungsvorbereitung (PV) als Teilaufgabe der Arbeitsvorbereitung (AV) an der Schnittstelle zwischen unternehmensübergreifender Produktion und offener und kollaborativer Entwicklung herausgearbeitet.
Implementing a Digital Product Passport to Support the Open-Source Hardware Community
Authors: Roio Denis , Burns Adam , Bocconi Stefano 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents a Digital Product Passport (DPP) technology for Open-Source Hardware (OSH) use cases. A DPP is a tool to provide physical products with a record of digital information about them, analogous to what might be imagined as a passport for Digital Twins. Such a passport may document non-observable attributes of products, such as their age, people involved in their creation, the licenses of designs used, locations they have travelled to and their current owner. In our tentative implementation and proposal for standard components, we focus on adopting a graph database of information, the REA (Resource-Event-Agent) accounting system and the Valueflows vocabulary to trace resources, events, and agents. Working in a federated environment where DPPs can be exported and authenticated even when they cross different contexts, we also examine how cryptography is used to ensure the integrity of DPPs by relying on authenticity rather than authorization.
Circular Economy und Bioökonomie
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Renner Manfred 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dem Begriff Circular Economy warden systemisch angelegte Konzepte zusammengefasst, die den Ressourcenverbrauch durch die Wiederverwendung und Aufbereitung von Produkten und Materialien verringern sollen. Der Begriff Bioökonomie hat mehrere Lesarten. In den 1970-er und 80-er Jahren war er ein Synonym für die Ökologische Ökonomie, einer ökonomischen Richtung, die von einem
stofflich geschlossenen Erdsystem ausgeht, das nur über begrenzte Ressourcen verfügt. Die heutige Bioökonomie hat sich jedoch unabhängig von diesem Begriffsverständnis entwickelt. Das Wort Bioökonomie stand hier zunächst für die Vision einer biotechnisch ausgerichteten Wirtschaft, die später um das Ziel ergänzt wurde, fossile Rohstoffe durch nachwachsende zu ersetzen.
Künste
Authors: Grüny Christian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungMan könnte meinen, dass wir mit einer Fokussierung auf die Künste endlich die unproduktiven Verallgemeinerungen verlassen haben und uns der tatsächlichen Praxis nähern: Schließlich ist De Duves Welt, in der man weder Maler*in noch Bildhauer*in noch Komponist*in noch Schriftsteller*in noch Architekt*in, sondern einfach nur Künstler*in im Allgemeinen ist, (noch?) nicht die, in der wir leben. Auch wenn sie alle sich in Praktiken bewegen, die künstlerisch oder ästhetisch genannt werden können, stellen sie durchaus nicht mit jeder ihrer Produktionen die Frage nach der Kunst als solcher, und auch ihre Rezipient*innen tun dies nicht ständig. Und schließlich mag der Vergleichsgesichtspunkt der Funktion dazu taugen, das Kunstsystem vom Wirtschafts- und Wissenschaftssystem abzugrenzen, aber er sagt nicht genug darüber, womit sich Künstler beschäftigen und was die tatsächlichen Grenzziehungen, Auseinandersetzungen und Debatten sind.
Material
Authors: Grüny Christian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff des Materials ist vielleicht nicht der offensichtlichste Kandidat als Ansatzpunkt für eine Theorie, die sich diesseits von Kunst und Künsten situiert und sowohl Beharrungskräfte als auch Überschreitungsbewegungen zu denken erlaubt. Er kann sehr verschiedene Fassungen annehmen, von der Vorstellung eines widerstandslosen Stoffes, der sich dem gestaltenden Zugriff fügt, über die Betonung gerade seiner Widerständigkeit bis zu starken Begriffen, die von einer eigenen Bestimmtheit des Materials ausgehen. Im letzteren Fall liegt wiederum eine große Bandbreite zwischen der Idee der Materialgerechtigkeit, wie sie sich in der Arts&Crafts-Bewegung und bei Adolf Loos formuliert findet, der Adornoschen Vorstellung einer Eigenlogik des Materials und neovitalistischen Materiebegriffen, die im Kontext neuerer Materialismen und Realismen entwickelt wurden. Es ist nicht mein Ziel, hier eine Diskussion all dieser Begriffe von Materie und Material zu versuchen. Stattdessen möchte ich an denjenigen Begriff des künstlerischen Materials anschließen, der bis heute am klarsten und differenziertesten ausgearbeitet ist: denjenigen Adornos. Material in diesem Sinne darf nicht mit Materialität verwechselt werden, und die Assoziationen des Zugrundeliegenden, des Widerständigen und Festen, die sich mit dem Materialitätsbegriff verbinden, sind bei Adorno zwar nicht abwesend, spielen aber eine ganz andere Rolle. Am weitesten ist hier die Verbindung von Materialität mit Körperlichkeit entfernt, die zwar für Adorno höchst bedeutsam ist, seinen Begriff des künstlerischen Materials aber kaum informiert.