bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling noise with self-organized resetting
Authors: Meigel Felix J. , Rulands Steffen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biological systems often consist of a small number of constituents and are therefore inherently noisy. To function effectively, these systems must employ mechanisms to constrain the accumulation of noise. Such mechanisms have been extensively studied and comprise the constraint by external forces, nonlinear interactions, or the resetting of the system to a predefined state. Here, we propose a fourth paradigm for noise constraint: self-organized resetting, where the resetting rate and position emerge from self-organization through time-discrete interactions. We study general properties of self-organized resetting systems using the paradigmatic example of cooperative resetting, where random pairs of Brownian particles are reset to their respective average. We demonstrate that such systems undergo a delocalization phase transition, separating regimes of constrained and unconstrained noise accumulation. Additionally, we show that systems with self-organized resetting can adapt to external forces and optimize search behavior for reaching target values. Self-organized resetting has various applications in nature and technology, which we demonstrate in the context of sexual interactions in fungi and spatial dispersion in shared mobility services. This work opens routes into the application of self-organized resetting across various systems in biology and technology.
Energy efficiency maximization in IRS‐aided cooperative WPCN with non‐linear EH users
Authors: Katiyar Bharti , Mishra Deepak , Modem Sudhakar , Saini Ravikant 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work investigates energy efficiency (EE) maximization in intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) aided wireless‐powered communication network with hybrid access point (HAP) and non‐linear energy harvesting (EH) users. For system designers, maximizing EE is important to ensure a sustaining operation of the energy constrained wireless‐powered communication network. The HAP powers the users in energy transmission mode (ETM), and it receives information from the users in cooperative manner through information transmission mode (ITM). The focus is on maximizing EE at the HAP by jointly optimizing IRS phase shifts along with transmit time and power allocation at users. The inherent non‐convexity of the problem arises from the non‐linear EH model at users and the practical non‐linear design of IRS phase shifts. To address this, a decoupling strategy is employed, and optimal ITM IRS phase shifts are obtained using the penalty‐based method. Subsequently, an alternating optimization approach is proposed where optimal IRS phase shifts in ETM are iteratively updated, incorporating a semidefinite relaxation technique. By utilizing the obtained optimal phase shifts for both ITM and ETM, the joint optimization problem is iteratively solved to maximize EE while considering time and power allocation, employing Dinkelbach's algorithm. Simulation results showcase a substantial enhancement of the system performance using proposed scheme compared to benchmark methods.
Virtual power line control for interlinking converters on AC, DC and hybrid grid links
Authors: Paniagua Julen , Unamuno Eneko , Barrena Jon Andoni 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing integration of renewable energy sources is making power systems evolve, driving the necessity to interconnect different power systems to improve the robustness and operation of grids. Here, the so‐called virtual power line (VPL) control for interlinking converters (ICs) is presented, whose purpose is to couple different electric systems analogously to a classical transmission line. The VPL control employs local measurements, and it does not require any communication link to operate. Two VPL control variants are presented: the dual grid‐supporting VPL control and the single grid‐forming VPL (SGF‐VPL) control. Both support the frequency and/or voltage of the interconnected grids, and the latter provides grid‐forming capabilities for one of the interconnected systems. The performance of VPL controllers show how the frequency and voltage nadir values are improved by (when comparing low and strong coupling results), while the rate of change of frequency and voltage can be decreased by , with a faster settling time. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the SGF‐VPL is able to set the grid when other grid‐forming units fail, and the flow of power happens naturally through ICs from generation to consumption areas as if all devices were part of the same electric system.
Patellar Overstuffing in Total Knee Arthroplasty Results in Decreased Extensor Mechanism Efficiency
Authors: Bukowski Brandon R. , Chandi Sonia K. , Bhatti Pravjit , Jimenez Paola , Lenz Nathan , Cushner Fred D. , Haas Steven B. , Chalmers Brian P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPatellofemoral offset is influenced by patellar thickness in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with effects on extensor mechanism efficiency (EME), patellar contact moment arm (PCMA), and patellar contact force (PCF). This study utilized a computational model to better quantify these measures during knee range of motion (ROM).A computational model of a cruciate-sacrificing, posterior-stabilized TKA design was used to quantify moments at knee flexion angles from 0° to 135° when patella thickness was increased (“overstuffed”) or decreased (“understuffed”) by 2 mm and 5 mm from normal. Outcomes included changes in EME, PCMA, PCF, tibial tubercle moment arm (TTMA), and the quadriceps moment arm (QMA).Overstuffing of the patellofemoral articulation by 2 mm and 5 mm decreased EME up to 12 and 28%, respectively, with an 8% and 16% increase in EME with understuffing that peaked at 25° knee flexion. The QMA increased up to 5 and 12% with overstuffing by 2 mm and 5 mm and decreased up to 5% and 14% with understuffing, respectively. There was an increase in the PCMA/PCF, which opposed the QMA, up to 8%/17% and 16%/39% with overstuffing by 2 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The PCMA/PCF decreased up to 3%/12% and 8%/33% with understuffing by 2 mm and 5 mm, respectively.In this computational model, increased patellofemoral offset resulting in overstuffing of the patella resulted in decreased EME and increased PCMA and PCF during knee ROM. This may contribute to abnormal patellofemoral mechanics and a potential etiology for anterior knee pain and quadriceps weakness after TKA.
Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in Brazil: a review
Authors: Caboclo Luis Otavio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) is the most severe presentation of epilepsy. Currently, SE is defined according to 2 sequential time frames: time 1, after which it is unlikely that the seizure will resolve spontaneously, therefore requiring the initiation of therapy; and time 2, when long-term consequences become more likely. For convulsive SE, these time frames are well defined: 5 minutes for time 1 and 30 minutes for time 2. “Time is brain” in the treatment of SE, as delays in diagnosis and treatment are associated with worse outcomes. After clinical stabilization, the first step is the administration of intravenous (IV) benzodiazepines. Rapid initiation of treatment and use of appropriate dosing are more important than the selection of a specific benzodiazepine. Following this, treatment continues with the use of an IV antiseizure medication (ASM). In Brazil, the recommended options available are phenytoin and levetiracetam. Status epilepticus is considered refractory to treatment if seizures persist after the administration of benzodiazepines and IV ASM. The cornerstone of this stage is the induction of therapeutic coma using IV anesthetic drugs (IVADs), although evidence is limited regarding the choice among midazolam, propofol, or barbiturates. Super-refractory SE is defined when seizures persist despite continuous infusion of IVADs or recur after these drugs are tapered. There is very limited data regarding the treatment of super-refractory SE. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, treatment should be guided by the physician's experience, clinical judgment, and established therapeutic options from previous reports.
The Evolution of Scope-Based Devices in Surgery and Medicine: A Historical Review of Advances in Percutaneous Cholangioscopy and Cholecystoscopy
Authors: Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Kamireddy Arun , Jost Alec , Singh Harjit 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPercutaneous cholangioscopy and cholecystoscopy are critical endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and treating biliary and gallbladder disorders. These have evolved significantly since their inception. Cholangioscopy offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional methods such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, which rely on fluoroscopy. Early engineering advancements, including catheter-based systems and fiber optics, improved visualization and therapeutic options. The introduction of the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System marked a turning point, enabling greater maneuverability within the biliary system. Modern endoscopy incorporates high-definition imaging and advanced technologies, enhancing diagnostic evaluation and subsequent therapy of biliary tree and gallbladder diseases. The progression of percutaneous cholangioscopy and cholecystoscopy highlights its pivotal role in minimally invasive medicine. Its incorporation into the interventional radiologist's toolbox is a great leap forward for the specialty.
Determination of the

1
s
2
s

3

S

and

1
s
2
s

1

S

metastable fractions in swift mixed-state He-like ion beams
Authors: Zouros T J M , Laoutaris A , Nanos S , Benis E P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce a three-component model to determine the fractions of the beam in the metastable

1
s
2
s

3

S

and

1
s
2
s

1

S

states as well as in the

1

s
2

ground state, in high-energy (

MeV

u

−
1

) He-like ion beams produced through charge stripping in foil or gas. This model extends the previous two-component model (Benis and Zouros 2016 J. Phys. B 49 235202), incorporating new analytical expressions in a more comprehensive treatment. We also assume that the initially produced

1

S

fraction,

f
0

[
1

S
]

, at the stripper, can be described by the formula

α
0

f
0

[
3

S
]
+

β
0

, where

α
0

=
1

/

3

is derived from spin statistics as also used in the past, while β
0 is a new parameter which accounts for ion excitation processes in the stripper which conserve the singlet spin, not previously considered. We apply our three-component model with values of

β
0

=
0
%
−
30
%

to published results on C4+ and O6+ mixed-state ion beams based on the older two-component model. Our re-analysis shows that including non-negligible (∼10%–20%) amounts of the

1

S

component in our three-component treatment can further improve agreement between theory and experiment in most cases.
EFLightCaps: an efficient feature-focused lightweight capsule network with frequency-domain regularization for rotating machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Tang Heng , Xia Junzhong , Bai Yunchuan , Chen Chengfa , Leng Yonggang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The prevalent issues of small samples and heavy noise in industrial settings have severely limited the application effectiveness of intelligent diagnostic methods. To address these challenges, an efficient feature-focused lightweight capsule network is proposed. Firstly, a plug-and-play lightweight Ghost multiscale convolution block is designed to integrate multiscale convolution with gating mechanisms through a multi-branch architecture, enabling multi-scale feature fusion and enhancing the model’s noise robustness. Secondly, an efficient feature-focused routing mechanism is proposed to optimize information transfer between capsules through multi-step feature reconstruction and feature focusing strategies, which substantially enhances generalization capabilities in small-sample scenarios. Finally, a dual-norm frequency-domain regularization loss function is designed to leverage the complementary advantages of first-order and second-order norms, enhancing both feature extraction capability and reconstruction quality. Extensive experiments on two distinct datasets demonstrate that EFLightCaps achieves superior diagnostic performance and computational efficiency in scenarios with small samples and heavy noise.
A grating-based magneto-plasmonic sensor considering geometrical deviations
Authors: Abbasi Sajad , Salehi Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, a grating-based magneto-plasmonic sensor is designed. Subsequently, the modes in which the lattice exhibits a geometric deviation were investigated and simulated. In this sensor, gold (Au), bismuth-substituted iron garnet (BIG), and SiO2 are used for the design of the lattice, magnetic layers, and substrate, respectively. A light field with a wavelength of 630 nm with a radiation angle of 1° to 35° was used to excite the structure. An ideal grating is assumed when developing this type of sensor. Since geometric deviations can occur during the manufacture of the structure, the response is accompanied by minor or major changes. If the deviation of the response is large, the built sensor is inefficient. To understand whether this sensor is efficient or not, the conditions under which the structure can deviate were investigated. These modes include changes in width and thickness, period, slope or surface hollowness, and curvature of the edges of the grating, as well as changes in the shape of the grooves. The most consistent mode occurred with the period variation, while the worst response occurred with the grating width variation. The maximum figure of merit (FoM) and sensitivity are 8571 RIU−1 and 85°/RIU respectively.
Super sample covariance and the volume scaling of galaxy survey covariance matrices
Authors: Schreiner Greg , Krolewski Alex , Joudaki Shahab , Percival Will J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Super sample covariance (SSC) is important when estimating covariance matrices using a set of mock catalogues for galaxy surveys. If the underlying cosmological simulations do not include the variation in background parameters appropriate for the simulation sizes, then the scatter between mocks will be missing the SSC component. The coupling between large and small modes due to non-linear structure growth makes this pernicious on small scales. We compare different methods for generating ensembles of mocks with SSC built in to the covariance, and contrast against methods where the SSC component is computed and added to the covariance separately. We find that several perturbative expansions, developed to derive background fluctuations, give similar results. We then consider scaling covariance matrices calculated for simulations of different volumes to improve the accuracy of covariance matrix estimation for a given amount of computational time. On large scales, we find that the primary limitation is from the discrete number of modes contributing to the measured power spectrum, and we propose a new method for correcting this effect. Correct implementation of SSC and the effect of discrete mode numbers allows covariance matrices created from mocks to be scaled between volumes, potentially leading to a significant saving on computational resources when producing covariance matrices. We argue that a sub-percent match is difficult to achieve because of the effects of modes on scales between the box sizes, which cannot be easily included. Even so, when working in real space and cubic boxes, we show that a 3% match in the dark matter power spectrum covariance is achievable on scales of interest for current surveys scaling the simulation volume by 512×, costing a small fraction of the computational time of running full-sized simulations. This is comparable to the agreement between analytic and mock-based covariance estimates to be used with DESI Y1 results.
Optimizing the light output of a plastic scintillator and SiPM based detector through optical characterization and simulation: a case study for POLAR-2
Authors: De Angelis Nicolas , Cadoux Franck , Husi Coralie , Kole Merlin , Mianowski Sławomir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The combination of plastic scintillators with Silicon
Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) is widely used for detecting radiation in
high-energy astrophysics, particle physics, neutrino physics, or
medical physics. An example of application for this kind of
detectors are Compton polarimeters such as
POLAR-2 [1,2,3]
or LEAP [4,5,6] for which a
low-Z material is needed for the Compton effect to be dominant
down to as low energy as possible. Such detectors aim to measure low
energy Compton depositions in organic scintillators which produce
small amounts of optical light because of the low energy deposited
and the low scintillation efficiency, and for which optimizing the
instrumental optical properties consequently imperative.

The light collection efficiency of such a device was studied with a
focus on the POLAR-2 Gamma-Ray Burst polarimeter. POLAR-2 consists
of a segmented array of 6400 elongated plastic scintillators divided
into 100 modules, all read out by SiPMs. The conversion of incoming
γ-rays into readable signal goes through the production and
collection of optical light, which has been optimized both through
measurements and simulations. The optical elements of the POLAR-2
polarimeter prototype module were optically characterized and an
optical simulation based on Geant4 was developed to fully model its
optical performances. The results from simulations were used to
optimize the design and finally to verify its performance. The study
resulted in a detector capable of measuring energy depositions of
several keV. In addition, an important finding of this work is the
impact of the plastic scintillator surface roughness on the light
collection. It was found that a plastic scintillator with a higher
scintillation efficiency but made of a softer material, hence with a
rougher surface, was not necessarily the best option to optimize the
light collection. Furthermore, in order to optimize the optical
crosstalk between different channels, a production technique for
very thin (∼150 μm) and reusable silicone-based optical
coupling pads was developed. This method can be adapted to produce
either standalone pads or to directly mold a layer on any SiPM to be
later coupled to the scintillators.

After an introductory discussion describing the need of a large
scale GRB polarimeter like POLAR-2, the optical design and
characterization of the polarimeter modules that compose its
sensitive part are described. The Geant4-based optical simulations
of the POLAR-2 modules and the impact of the optical properties of
its various elements on the light collection efficiency of the
instrument are later presented. The work is finally summarized and
an outlook is given on the potential applications of the POLAR-2
optical characterization and simulation work to other experiments
employing similar elements.
The spectrometric practical voltage: determination of X-ray tube voltage up to 300 kV by in-beam X-ray spectrometry with a cadmium telluride detector
Authors: Šolc Jaroslav , Pojtinger Stefan , Šmoldasová Jana , Sochor Vladimír , Rusňák Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes a method for determining the energy of
the X-ray spectrum end-point (E
end) by means of X-ray
spectrometry performed with a CdTe detector. Designated the
spectrometric practical end-point (SPE) method, this technique is
based on the comparison of the high-energy part of the measured
detector spectrum with a detector spectrum obtained using Monte
Carlo calculations. It combines findings and results from a detector
characterization previously done for the purpose of unfolding the
X-ray fluence spectra. Here, the influences of tube current, tube
voltage ripple, detector count rate, and the choice of calibration
radionuclide sources were studied. The findings for the latter two
parameters led to the modification of a procedure for energy
calibration of the detector as well as to updated parameters of the
charge carrier transport (CCT) and Gaussian energy broadening (GEB)
models valid for high-count-rate measurements. Additionally, the
influence of improper energy calibration and of neglecting the CCT
and GEB effects on the main characteristics of the unfolded X-ray
fluence spectra was analyzed to provide an overview of systematic
errors. A quantity obtained with the SPE method, the spectrometric
practical voltage (SPV), is introduced. It is demonstrated that the
SPV agrees with the practical peak voltage within 0.03% when the
voltage ripple of a high-voltage generator is below 2%. A
comparison done at PTB, Germany, of the SPV to voltage divider
readings showed relative and absolute differences between the
reading and the SPV of between 0.1% and 0.8% (0.15 keV to
1.16 keV) in the 20 to 300 kV tube voltage range. Its combined
uncertainty varied between 0.13 and 0.33 keV for continuous beam
N-series qualities ranging from 10 to 300 kV. The SPE method was
then used to determine E
end of N-series qualities
realized at Czech Metrology Institute. Also, the difference between
E
end as obtained with the SPE method and that found with
a simple linear fit of the straight high-energy part of the detector
spectra was evaluated, revealing a difference of between -0.2 and
+1.5 keV for N-series qualities up to 300 kV. The SPE method is
suitable for users who have already implemented an in-beam X-ray
spectrometry technique and seek to determine the tube voltage but do
not possess a voltage divider.
Biomedical applications of Bombyx mori silk in skin regeneration and cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Khosropanah Mohammad Hossein , Ghofrani Alireza , Vaghasloo Mahdi Alizadeh , Zahir Mazyar , Bahrami Afshin , Azimzadeh Ashkan , Hassannejad Zahra , Majidi Zolbin Masoumeh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A mere glance at the foundation of the sericulture industry to produce silk and the consequent establishment of the Silk Road to transport it; elucidates the significant role that this material has played in human history. Owing to its exceptional robustness, silk was introduced into medicine as a surgical suture approximately two millennia ago. During the last decades, silk has garnered attention as a possible source of biological-based materials that can be effectively used in regenerative medicine. Silk’s unique characteristics, like its low immunogenicity, suitable adhesive properties, exceptional tensile strength, perfect hemostatic properties, adequate permeability to oxygen and water, resistance to microbial colonization, and most importantly, excellent biodegradability; make it an outstanding choice for biomedical applications. Although there are many different types of silk in nature, Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk accounts for about 90% of global production and is the most thoroughly investigated and the most commonly used. Silk fibroin (SF) and silk sericin (SS) are the two main protein constituents of silk. SF has been manufactured in various morphologic forms (e.g. hydrogels, sponges, films, etc) and has been widely used in the biomedical field, especially as a scaffold in tissue engineering. Similarly, SS has demonstrated a vast potential as a suitable biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Initial studies on SF and SS as wound dressings have shown encouraging results. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the potential role of silk proteins in refining wound healing and skin regeneration.