bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Prognostic Impact of Abnormal Lesions Detected by Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array–Based Karyotyping Analysis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Normal Karyotype
Authors: Yi Jun Ho , Huh Jungwon , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Sun-Hee , Kim Hyeoung-Joon , Kim Yeo-Kyeoung , Sohn Sang Kyun , Moon Joon Ho , Kim Sung Hyun , Kim Kyoung Ha , Won Jong Ho , Mun Yeung Chul , Kim Hawk , Park Jinny , Jung Chul Won , Kim Dong Hwan 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis study attempted to analyze the prognostic role of single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) –based karyotying in 133 patients with acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK), which presents with diverse clinical outcomes, thus requiring further stratification of patient subgroups according to their prognoses.Patients and MethodsA total of 133 patients with AML-NK confirmed by metaphase cytogenetics (MC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis were included in this study. Analysis by Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 Array was performed by using DNAs derived from marrow samples at diagnosis.ResultsForty-three patients (32.3%) had at least one abnormal SNP lesion that was not detected by MC. One hundred thirteen abnormal SNP lesions included 55 losses, 23 gains, and 35 copy-neutral losses of heterozygosity. Multivariate analyses showed that detection of abnormal SNP lesions by SNP-A karyotyping results in an unfavorable prognostic value for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.69; 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.82; P = .001); other significant prognostic factors included secondary AML (HR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.80 to 17.14; P = .003), presence of the FLT3 mutation (HR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.71 to 5.87; P < .001), and age (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; P = .020).ConclusionOur data demonstrated that abnormal SNP lesions detected by SNP-A karyotyping might indicate an adverse prognosis in patients with AML-NK, thus requiring a more sophisticated treatment strategy for improvement of treatment outcomes.
Predicting Survival After Curative Colectomy for Cancer: Individualizing Colon Cancer Staging
Authors: Weiser Martin R. , Gönen Mithat , Chou Joanne F. , Kattan Michael W. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: November 2011

Purpose Cancer staging determines extent of disease, facilitating prognostication and treatment decision making. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification system is the most commonly used staging algorithm for colon cancer, categorizing patients on the basis of only these three variables (tumor, node, and metastasis). The purpose of this study was to extend the seventh edition of the AJCC staging system for colon cancer to incorporate additional information available from tumor registries, thereby improving prognostic accuracy. Methods Records from 128,853 patients with primary colon cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program from 1994 to 2005 were used to construct and validate three survival models for patients with primary curative-intent surgery. Independent training/test data sets were used to develop and test alternative models. The seventh edition TNM staging system was compared with models supplementing TNM staging with additional demographic and tumor variables available from the registry by calculating a concordance index, performing calibration, and identifying the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Inclusion of additional registry covariates improved prognostic estimates. The concordance index rose from 0.60 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.61) for the AJCC model, with T- and N-stage variables, to 0.68 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.68) for the model including tumor grade, number of collected metastatic lymph nodes, age, and sex. ROC curves for the extended model had higher sensitivity, at all values of specificity, than the TNM system; calibration curves indicated no deviation from the reference line. Conclusion Prognostic models incorporating readily available data elements outperform the current AJCC system. These models can assist in personalizing treatment and follow-up for patients with colon cancer.
Prognostic Impact of Morphologic and Phenotypic Features of Childhood ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Results of the ALCL99 Study
Authors: Lamant Laurence , McCarthy Keith , d'Amore Emanuele , Klapper Wolfram , Nakagawa Atsuko , Fraga Maximo , Maldyk Jadwiga , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Oschlies Ilske , Delsol Georges , Mauguen Audrey , Brugières Laurence , Le Deley Marie-Cécile 
Published: November 2011

Purpose The prognostic value of pathologic characteristics of childhood ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCL), such as histologic subtypes, immunophenotype, and presence of the t(2;5) translocation or its variants, was assessed. Patients and Methods All 375 patients with systemic ALK-positive ALCL included in an international trial launched by the European Intergroup for Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma were reviewed by an international panel of pathologists based on conventional hematoxylin and eosin–stained and immunostained sections and classified according to the 2001 WHO classification. Results A small-cell (SC) or lymphohistiocytic (LH) component was observed in 114 (32%) of 361 patients, whereas ALCL of common type was diagnosed in 235 (65%) of 361 patients. Regarding the histologic subtyping of patients within the two categories of ALCL (with v without SC/LH component), the concordance between the national and international reviews was quite good, with a κ index equal to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.75). The presence of an SC/LH component was significantly associated with a high risk of failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.0; P = .002) in the multivariate analysis controlling for clinical characteristics, as well as the perivascular pattern (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7; P = .01), whereas CD3 positivity was significantly associated with a high risk of failure only in univariate analysis. Conclusion Our study, which to our knowledge includes the largest series of childhood systemic ALK-positive ALCL so far, demonstrates the adverse prognostic value of SC and/or LH morphologic features. Combining these histologic characteristics with other biologic or clinical factors might have a high potential for future risk stratification and treatment.
Novel Staging System for Predicting Disease-Specific Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Surgery As the First Intervention: Time to Modify the Current American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System
Authors: Yi Min , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Cormier Janice N. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Bilimoria Karl , Sahin Aysegul A. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana Maria , Luo Sheng , Buzdar Aman U. , Crow Jaime R. , Kuerer Henry M. , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging is used to determine breast cancer prognosis, yet patient survival within each stage shows wide variation. We hypothesized that differences in biology influence this variation and that addition of biologic markers to AJCC staging improves determination of prognosis. Patients and Methods We identified a cohort of 3,728 patients who underwent surgery as the first intervention between 1997 and 2006. A Cox proportional hazards model, with backward stepwise exclusion of factors and stratification on pathologic stage (PS), was used to test the significance of adding grade (G), lymphovascular invasion (L), estrogen receptor (ER) status (E), progesterone receptor (PR) status, combined ER and PR status (EP), or combined ER, PR, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (M). We assigned values of 0 to 2 to these disease-specific survival (DSS) –associated factors and assessed six different staging systems: PS, PS + G, PS + G L, PS + G E, PS + G EP, and PS + G M. We compared 5-year DSS rates, Akaike's information criterion (AIC), and Harrell's concordance index (C-index) between systems. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data were used as the external validation cohort (n = 26,711). Results Median follow-up was 6.5 years, and 5-year DSS rate was 97.4%. The PS + G E status staging system was most precise, with a low AIC (1,931.9) and the highest C-index (0.80). PS + G E status was confirmed to stratify outcomes in internal bootstrapping samples and the external validation cohort. Conclusion Our results validate an improved breast cancer staging system that incorporates grade and ER status. We recommend that biologic markers be incorporated into revised versions of the AJCC staging system.
Fusion Energy Research for ITER and Beyond
Authors: Romanelli Francesco , Laxåback Martin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe achievement in the last two decades of controlled fusion in the laboratory environment is opening the way to the realization of fusion as a source of sustainable, safe and environmentally responsible energy. The next step towards this goal is the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which aims to demonstrate net fusion energy production on the reactor scale. This paper reviews the current status of magnetic confinement fusion research in view of the ITER project and provides an overview of the main remaining challenges on the way towards the realization of commercial fusion energy production in the second half of this century.
Formation and Characterisation of Solution Processed “Pseudo-Bilayer” Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Heinemann Marc Daniel , Ananthanarayanan Krishnamoorthy , Thummalakunta L. N. S. A. , Yong Chian Haw , Luther Joachim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe current state of the art solution processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are based on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture, consisting of an active layer, in which the donor and the acceptor material are dissolved in a common solvent. In this report, we show that by sequential processing of the active components and by subsequent annealing a “pseudo-bilayer” can be formed which results in an enhanced nanomorphology for efficient charge generation and extraction. The enhanced nanomorphology arises from the inter-diffusion of the PCBM nanoparticles into a layer of pre-organised polymer P3HT instead of a phase separation that happens at the time of spin-coating and annealing in the case of conventional BHJ devices. To get a further insight into the inter-diffusion process, TOF-SIMS depth profiling and XPS measurements were carried out for different thermal annealing treatments of these pseudo-bilayer devices, which show full inter-diffusion after only seconds of annealing at 140°C. The optimised photovoltaic devices that were fabricated showed an efficiency of 4.1%.
Orthostatic hypotension in the anesthetized rabbit in the sitting position exceeds cerebral autoregulation
Authors: Willeford Breanna 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background: Orthostatic hypotension and cerebral autoregulation have been extensively studied in the rabbit. However, these physiologic responses have not been previously studied utilizing a rabbit in the sitting position under anesthesia.

Methods: This unusual position was obtained as the preferred orientation based on geometry requirements of associated equipment for a study of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rabbits for this experiment did not survive and an additional experimental condition was developed to elucidate the mechanism and cause of death. The carotid artery pressure was measured under general anesthesia with incremental tilt testing to achieve the sitting position.

Results: Under this condition, rabbits developed orthostatic hypotension and did not survive.

Conclusions: According to previous studies of orthostatic hypotension and limits of cerebral autoregulation, it is concluded that orthostatic hypotension in the anesthetized rabbit in the sitting position exceeds cerebral autoregulation.
Adrenal involvement in MEN1. Analysis of 715 cases from the Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines database
Authors: Gatta-Cherifi B , Chabre O , Murat A , Niccoli P , Cardot-Bauters C , Rohmer V , Young J , Delemer B , Du Boullay H , Verger M F , Kuhn J M , Sadoul J L , Ruszniewski Ph , Beckers A , Monsaingeon M , Baudin E , Goudet P , Tabarin A 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveLimited data regarding adrenal involvement in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is available. We describe the characteristics of MEN1-associated adrenal lesions in a large cohort to provide a rationale for their management.MethodsAnalysis of records from 715 MEN1 patients from a multicentre database between 1956 and 2008. Adrenal lesions were compared with those from a multicentre cohort of 144 patients with adrenal sporadic incidentalomas.ResultsAdrenal enlargement was reported in 20.4% (146/715) of patients. Adrenal tumours (>10 mm in size) accounted for 58.1% of these cases (10.1% of the whole patient cohort). Tumours were bilateral and >40 mm in size in 12.5 and 19.4% of cases respectively. Hormonal hypersecretion was restricted to patients with tumours and occurred in 15.3% of them. Compared with incidentalomas, MEN1-related tumours exhibited more cases of primary hyperaldosteronism, fewer pheochromocytomas and more adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs; 13.8 vs 1.3%). Ten ACCs occurred in eight patients. Interestingly, ACCs occurred after several years of follow-up of small adrenal tumours in two of the eight affected patients. Nine of the ten ACCs were classified as stage I or II according to the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. No evident genotype/phenotype correlation was found for the occurrence of adrenal lesions, endocrine hypersecretion or ACC.ConclusionsAdrenal pathology in MEN1 differs from that observed in sporadic incidentalomas. In the absence of relevant symptoms, endocrine biology can be restricted to patients with adrenal tumours and should focus on steroid secretion including the aldosterone–renin system. MEN1 is a high-risk condition for the occurrence of ACCs. It should be considered regardless of the size of the tumour.
Yeast: An Experimental Organism for 21st Century Biology
Authors: Botstein David , Fink Gerald R 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this essay, we revisit the status of yeast as a model system for biology. We first summarize important contributions of yeast to eukaryotic biology that we anticipated in 1988 in our first article on the subject. We then describe transformative developments that we did not anticipate, most of which followed the publication of the complete genomic sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996. In the intervening 23 years it appears to us that yeast has graduated from a position as the premier model for eukaryotic cell biology to become the pioneer organism that has facilitated the establishment of the entirely new fields of study called “functional genomics” and “systems biology.” These new fields look beyond the functions of individual genes and proteins, focusing on how these interact and work together to determine the properties of living cells and organisms.
DNA Sequence-Mediated, Evolutionarily Rapid Redistribution of Meiotic Recombination Hotspots
Authors: Wahls Wayne P , Davidson Mari K 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHotspots regulate the position and frequency of Spo11 (Rec12)-initiated meiotic recombination, but paradoxically they are suicidal and are somehow resurrected elsewhere in the genome. After the DNA sequence-dependent activation of hotspots was discovered in fission yeast, nearly two decades elapsed before the key realizations that (A) DNA site-dependent regulation is broadly conserved and (B) individual eukaryotes have multiple different DNA sequence motifs that activate hotspots. From our perspective, such findings provide a conceptually straightforward solution to the hotspot paradox and can explain other, seemingly complex features of meiotic recombination. We describe how a small number of single-base-pair substitutions can generate hotspots de novo and dramatically alter their distribution in the genome. This model also shows how equilibrium rate kinetics could maintain the presence of hotspots over evolutionary timescales, without strong selective pressures invoked previously, and explains why hotspots localize preferentially to intergenic regions and introns. The model is robust enough to account for all hotspots of humans and chimpanzees repositioned since their divergence from the latest common ancestor.
Medical-Legal Partnership: Impact on Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Pettignano Robert , Caley Sylvia B. , Bliss Lisa R. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the types of legal problems addressed by the Health Law Partnership (HeLP) and the impact of the legal interventions in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or its variants. We hypothesized that an interdisciplinary team that includes lawyers would positively affect the social determinants of health that affect patients with SCD.

METHODS:
The HeLP database was retrospectively queried for all patients with the diagnosis of SCD or 1 of its variants who had been seen by the lawyers of HeLP between April 2004 and September 2010. Data collected in this cohort of patients included income level of the patient/client, the initial presenting problems, any patient/parent/guardian problems identified during the legal checkup, and the type of legal assistance provided. Estimated annualized financial outcomes were calculated.

RESULTS:
From April 2004 through September 2010, 71 parents/guardians with 76 children with SCD were referred to the HeLP for legal intervention. Of the 71 parents/guardians, 33 were at &lt;100% of the federal poverty level. There were 106 initial case problems identified in the 71 parents/guardians; 51 of 106 problems were directly related to the child. An additional 93 issues were identified during the legal checkup. Of 106 cases, 99 were closed with 21 resulting in a measurable gain of benefits.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a cohort of families of children with SCD, incorporating access to legal services as part of the care plan resulted in a positive impact on these patients/parents/guardians. The impact was directly attributable to the intervention of the HeLP.
Adolescent Vaccination-Coverage Levels in the United States: 2006–2009
Authors: Stokley Shannon , Cohn Amanda , Dorell Christina , Hariri Susan , Yankey David , Messonnier Nancy , Wortley Pascale M. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND:From 2005 through 2007, 3 vaccines were added to the adolescent vaccination schedule: tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (TdaP); meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY); and human papillomavirus (HPV) for girls.OBJECTIVE:To assess implementation of new adolescent vaccination recommendations.METHODS:Data from the 2006–2009 National Immunization Survey–Teen, an annual provider-verified random-digit-dial survey of vaccination coverage in US adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, were analyzed. Main outcome measures included percentage of adolescents who received each vaccine according to survey year; potential coverage if all vaccines were administered during the same vaccination visit; and, among unvaccinated adolescents, the reasons for not receiving vaccine.RESULTS:Between 2006 and 2009, ≥1 TdaP and ≥1 MenACWY coverage increased from 11% to 56% and 12% to 54%, respectively. Between 2007 and 2009, ≥1 HPV coverage among girls increased from 25% to 44%; between 2008 and 2009, ≥3 HPV coverage increased from 18% to 27%. In 2009, vaccination coverage could have been &gt;80% for Td/TdaP and MenACWY and as high as 74% for the first HPV dose if providers had administered all recommended vaccines during the same vaccination visit. For all years, the top reported reasons for not vaccinating were no knowledge about the vaccine, provider did not recommend, and vaccine is not needed/necessary (for TdaP and MenACWY) and adolescent is not sexually active, no knowledge about the vaccine, and vaccine is not needed/necessary (for HPV).CONCLUSIONS:Adolescent vaccination coverage is increasing but could be improved. Strategies are needed to increase parental knowledge about adolescent vaccines and improve provider recommendation and administration of all vaccines during the same visit.
Attitudes Toward Newborn Screening for Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Din Erica S. , Brown Cedric J. , Grosse Scott D. , Wang Chengbin , Bialek Stephanie R. , Ross Danielle S. , Cannon Michael J. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:Newborns are not routinely screened for cytomegalovirus (CMV), the leading infectious cause of developmental disability. Congenital CMV satisfies a number of criteria for inclusion in newborn screening, and screening potentially offers benefits. Screening could also introduce harms such as anxiety and unnecessary costs for the families of the substantial proportion of CMV-infected children who never develop CMV-related disabilities. Our objective was to assess attitudes toward newborn screening for CMV.METHODS:We analyzed responses to 5 statements about CMV and newborn screening from 3922 participants in the 2009 HealthStyles survey, a national mail survey designed to include a group similar to the US population with respect to gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, and household size. Two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters of parental attitudes.RESULTS:The majority of respondents strongly or somewhat agreed that they would want to have their newborn tested for CMV even if it was not performed routinely (84%), they had to pay $20 (87%), or CMV-related problems never developed (84%). Nearly half (47%) of them “would worry that the CMV test would lead to unneeded doctor visits and expenses,” and 32% “think CMV problems are too rare to worry about.” Three clusters of parent respondents were identified on the basis of their attitudes toward CMV screening: “strongly in favor” (31%), “moderately in favor” (49%), and “weakly opposed” (20%).CONCLUSIONS:Among most parents, costs, worry, and anxiety associated with newborn screening for CMV would be acceptable. Although attitudes were generally favorable, a minority of the parents were weakly opposed to newborn screening for CMV.