bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading and characterization of soft tissue tumors on magnetic resonance imaging: the value of an expert second opinion report
Authors: Vanhoenacker F. M. , Van Looveren K. , Trap K. , Desimpelaere J. , Wouters K. , Van Dyck P. , Parizel P. M. , De Schepper A. M. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Objective
To retrospectively compare the accuracy of the initial MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) report of referring radiologists and the second opinion report.

Material and methods
MRI of 155 patients presenting with a soft tissue tumor (STT) in a single large community center were referred for inclusion in the Belgian Soft Tissue Neoplasm Registry (BSTNR). The initial report and the second opinion report were made independently. Histopathology (gold standard) was obtained in 90 patients (group 1). In 65 patients, the diagnosis was made by the combination of clinical findings and/or follow-up (group 2). In group 1, the concordance in grading and tissue-specific (TS) diagnosis between the referring center (RC) and expert center (EC) was reviewed.

Results
In group 1, MR grading yields a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89% in the EC. The sensitivity was 88% and the specificity 81% in the RC. The accuracy was significantly higher in the EC (92%) compared to the RC (83%) (p = 0.039). The TS diagnosis was correct in 50% versus 38.5% of malignant tumors and in 71.8% versus 51.6% of benign tumors in the EC and RC respectively.

Conclusion
A second opinion report increases the accuracy in the diagnosis of STT on MRI.

Main Messages
• A second opinion MRI report increases the overall accuracy in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.
• There is a good overall agreement in MR grading between the referring and expert institution.
• In the expert center, there were fewer false-negative and false-positive diagnoses.
• MRI performs better in the tissue-specific diagnosis of benign versus malignant STT.
Three-dimensional instability of the flow over a forward-facing step
Authors: Lanzerstorfer Daniel , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe global, temporal stability of the two-dimensional, incompressible flow over a forward-facing step in a plane channel is investigated numerically. The geometry is varied systematically covering constriction ratios (step-to-inlet height) from 0.23 to 0.965. A three-dimensional linear stability analysis shows that the stability boundary is a smooth continuous function of the constriction ratio. If the critical Reynolds and wavenumbers are scaled appropriately, they approach a linear asymptotic behaviour for large step heights. The critical mode is found to be stationary and confined to the region of separated flow downstream of the step for all constriction ratios. An energy-transfer analysis reveals that the basic flow becomes unstable due to a combined effect involving lift-up and flow deceleration, leading to a critical mode exhibiting steady streaks. Moreover, the receptivity of the flow to initial as well as to structural perturbations is studied by means of an adjoint analysis.
A comparison of the changes in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance during exercise following high-fat meals containing DHA or EPA
Authors: Rontoyanni Victoria G. , Hall Wendy L. , Pombo-Rodrigues Sonia , Appleton Amber , Chung Roxanna , Sanders Thomas A. B. 
Published: February 2012

Long-chain n-3 PUFA can lower blood pressure (BP) but their acute effects on cardiac output, BP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in response to dynamic exercise are uncertain. We compared the effects of high-fat meals rich in EPA (20 : 5n-3), DHA (22 : 6n-3) or oleic acid (control) on cardiac output, BP and SVR in response to exercise stress testing. High-fat meals (50 g fat) containing high-oleic sunflower oil enriched with 4·7 g of either EPA or DHA v. control (high-oleic sunflower oil only) were fed to twenty-two healthy males using a randomised cross-over design. Resting measurements of cardiac output, heart rate and BP were made before and hourly over 5 h following the meal. A standardised 12 min exercise test was then conducted with further measurements made during and post-exercise. Blood samples were collected at fasting, 5 h postprandially and immediately post-exercise for the analysis of lipid, glucose and 8-isoprostane-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). Plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA increased by 0·22 mmol/l 5 h following the EPA and DHA meals, respectively, compared with the control (P < 0·001). Resting cardiac output and 8-iso-PGF2α increased similarly following all meals and there were no significant differences in cardiac output during exercise between the meals. SVR was lower at 5 h and during exercise following the DHA but not EPA meal, compared with the control meal, by 4·9 % (95 % CI 1·3, 8·4; P < 0·01). Meals containing DHA appear to differ from EPA with regard to their effects on cardiovascular haemodynamics during exercise.
The Mediterranean diet and fetal size parameters: the Generation R Study
Authors: Timmermans Sarah , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. , Vujkovic Marijana , den Breeijen Hanneke , Russcher Henk , Lindemans Jan , Mackenbach Johan , Hofman Albert , Lesaffre Emmanuel E. , Jaddoe Vincent V. , Steegers Eric A. 
Published: February 2012

Developmental adaptations due to early nutritional exposures may have permanent health consequences. Studies of diet and fetal size have mainly focused on individual nutrients despite evidence that the pattern of food consumption may be of significance. Hence, we evaluated the associations of dietary habits in early pregnancy (gestational age < 18 weeks) with fetal size, uteroplacental vascular resistance, placental weight and birth weight in a prospective observational study of 3207 Caucasian pregnant mothers in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants completed a semiquantitative FFQ during early pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the occurrence of intra-uterine growth retardation at birth as a function of food intake. The derived solution was considered as the dietary pattern. As it was characterised by higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, vegetable oil, fish, pasta and rice, and lower intakes of meat, potatoes and fatty sauces, it was labelled the ‘Mediterranean’ diet. The degree of adherence to the diet was positively associated with plasma folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations and showed an inverse relationship with homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations (P <0·05). Important fetal size and placental parameters were associated with the degree of adherence to the diet, revealing a 72 g lower birth weight (95 % CI − 110·8, − 33·3) and a 15 g lower placental weight (95 % CI − 29·8, − 0·2) for women with low adherence to the diet. To conclude, low adherence to a Mediterranean diet in early pregnancy seems associated with decreased intra-uterine size with a lower placental and a lower birth weight.
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Andersson E. , Enander J. , Andrén P. , Hedman E. , Ljótsson B. , Hursti T. , Bergström J. , Kaldo V. , Lindefors N. , Andersson G. , Rück C. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but access to CBT is limited. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is potentially a more accessible treatment. There are no randomized controlled trials testing ICBT for OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ICBT for OCD in a randomized controlled trial.MethodParticipants (n=101) diagnosed with OCD were randomized to either 10 weeks of ICBT or to an attention control condition, consisting of online supportive therapy. The primary outcome measure was the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) administered by blinded assessors.ResultsBoth treatments lead to significant improvements in OCD symptoms, but ICBT resulted in larger improvements than the control condition on the YBOCS, with a significant between-group effect size (Cohen'sd) of 1.12 (95% CI 0.69–1.53) at post-treatment. The proportion of participants showing clinically significant improvement was 60% (95% CI 46–72) in the ICBT group compared to 6% (95% CI 1–17) in the control condition. The results were sustained at follow-up.ConclusionsICBT is an efficacious treatment for OCD that could substantially increase access to CBT for OCD patients. Replication studies are warranted.
Securitisation, terror, and control: towards a theory of the breaking point
Authors: BRIGHT JONATHAN 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSecuritisations permit the breaking of rules: but which rules? This article argues that any given security situation could be handled by a variety of different ‘rule breaking’ procedures, and that securitisations themselves, whilst permitting rule breaking in general, do not necessarily specify in advance which rules in particular have to be broken. This begs the question: how do specific threats result in specific rule breaking measures? This article explores this question through reference to ‘control orders’, an unusual legal procedure developed in the UK during the course of the war on terrorism. Once applied to an individual, a control order gives the government a meticulous control over every aspect of their life, up to and including deciding on which educational qualifications they can take. Despite this control, individuals under the regime remain technically ‘free’: and have frequently used this freedom to abscond from the police who are supposed to be watching them. How did a security policy which controls a suspect's educational future, but not their physical movements, develop? This article aims to answer this question, and in so doing present a reevaluation of the mechanisms through which the effects of securitisation manifest themselves.
Theorising regions through changes in statehood: rethinking the theory and method of comparative regionalism
Authors: HAMEIRI SHAHAR 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe study of regionalism is often characterised as too fragmented, plagued by disagreements over such fundamental matters as its ontological and epistemological premises, which also hinder efforts at substantive comparison of regionalisation processes. In this article it is argued that to overcome these problems, what is required is a more rigorous incorporation of such studies within relevant work in state theory and political geography. The key insight herein is that regionalism should not be studied separately from the state as these are interrelated phenomena. State-making and regionalisation are both manifestations of contested political projects aimed at shaping the territorial, institutional, and/or functional scope of political rule. Furthermore, the article also distils the lines of a mechanismic methodology for comparative regionalism. Its main advantage is in overcoming the implicit benchmarking of regional development we find in other approaches. The framework's utility is then demonstrated through a comparison of regional governance in Asia and Europe.
The eighteenth-century historiographic tradition and contemporary ‘Everyday IPE’
Authors: WATSON MATTHEW 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on Adam Smith's largely sympathetic response to the Rousseauian critique of the moral degeneracy of modern ‘economic man’. It thus emphasises his philosophical ambivalence towards commercial society over the textbook IPE presentations which ascribe to him an almost wholly unreflexive market advocacy. In doing so it provides important methodological lessons for the study of Everyday IPE today. Arnaldo Momigliano has identified a decisive break in historical method in the eighteenth century, of which Smith and Rousseau were key exponents. However unwittingly, contemporary Everyday IPE scholars are the spiritual heirs of the eighteenth-century move from writing public histories of the state to writing private histories of unnamed individuals who embody the most recent phase of human sociability. The eighteenth-century economic man was conceptualised in relation to evolving forms of economic organisation, where the economy in turn was thought to reflect the prevailing system of ‘manners’. Smith united with Rousseau in the belief that their society's bourgeois politeness allowed materialist ideologies to corrupt the moral autonomy of the individual. The historical method underpinning such concerns also allows Everyday IPE scholars to ground similarly-styled attempts to understand threats to moral autonomy arising from the struggle over economic surplus today.
‘Who would go to Egypt?’ How tourism accounts for ‘terrorism’
Authors: WYNNE-HUGHES ELISA 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article examines the tension between British and Egyptian counterterrorism discourses and Western tourism industry discourses. I analyse how guidebooks like theRough GuideandLonely Planetattract tourists by representing Egypt as an appealing tourist destination in a way that accounts for its positioning, in counterterrorism discourses, as a location and source of terrorism. They do so by producing ‘risk’ in a very specific way. Guidebook representations construct one extreme of Egyptian society as ‘bad’ Muslims who pose an essential threat to Western tourists and their inherently progressive liberal democratic values. Having defined risk in this way, guidebooks justify the production of ‘states of exception’ and ‘exceptional states’ that exclude ‘bad’ Muslims and protect Western tourists. These strategies function together to construct Egypt as non-threatening and appealing to tourists. I argue that guidebooks not only account for terrorism but represent Egypt in a way that largely reinforces British and Egyptian ‘war on terror’ strategies. These strategies similarly protect subjects and spaces that uphold Western liberal democratic values. This article highlights the constitutive role of tourism in international politics and simultaneously helps us better understand the complex and mundane means by which the current Western liberal order is (re)produced.
Secular trends and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2009
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Waslien Carol , Al-Sumaie Mona A , Prakash Prasanna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti adults, and to examine their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional population survey data from the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System.SettingSocial and health facilities in Kuwait.SubjectsMales (n17 491) and females (n21 120) aged 20–69 years attending registration for employment or pensions, or Hajj Pilgrimage health check-ups, or parents accompanying their children for immunization 1998 through 2009. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsPrevalence of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2rose from 61·8 % and 59·3 % in females and males respectively, peaked in 2004–2005 (81·4 % and 79·2 %) and fell slightly in 2008–2009 (77·3 % and 77·4 %). Obesity prevalence in females exceeded males for all years and age groups; by 2009, it had increased by 11·3 % in males and 14·6 % in females. Overweight and obesity prevalences in both genders increased until 2004–2005 but fell thereafter, with significant falls for females in 2008–2009. Logistic and linear regression analyses confirmed these temporal changes for both prevalence and BMI in both genders. The odds of obesity increased with age until the fifth decade for both genders and then declined significantly for males. Education level was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in females, while participation in leisure-time exercise was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in males.ConclusionsAlthough the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) seemed to decrease from 2005 to 2009 among Kuwaiti adults, further research to clarify the identified confounders and continued monitoring are needed to confirm the decrease observed.
Breakfast habits among European adolescents and their association with sociodemographic factors: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study
Authors: Hallström Lena , Vereecken Carine A , Labayen Idoia , Ruiz Jonatan R , Le Donne Cinzia , García Magdalena Cuenca , Gilbert Chantal C , Martínez Sonia Gómez , Grammatikaki Eva , Huybrechts Inge , Kafatos Anthony , Kersting Mathilde , Manios Yannis , Molnár Dénes , Patterson Emma , Widhalm Kurt , De Vriendt Tineke , Moreno Luis A , Sjöström Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe breakfast habits at food group level in European adolescents and to investigate the associations between these habits and sociodemographic factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSecondary schools from nine European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Breakfast habits were assessed twice using a computer-based 24 h dietary recall. Adolescents who consumed breakfast on at least one recall day were classified as ‘breakfast consumers’ and adolescents who did not have anything for breakfast on either of the two recall days were considered ‘breakfast skippers’. A ‘breakfast quality index’ to describe breakfast quality was created based on the consumption or non-consumption of cereals/cereal products, dairy products and fruits/vegetables. The sociodemographic factors studied were sex, age, region of Europe, maternal and paternal education, family structure and family affluence.SubjectsAdolescents (n2672, 53 % girls) aged 12–17 years.ResultsThe majority of the adolescents reported a breakfast that scored poorly on the breakfast quality index. Older adolescents, adolescents from the southern part of Europe and adolescents from families with low socio-economic status were more likely to consume a low-quality breakfast.ConclusionsThe study highlights the need to promote the consumption of a high-quality breakfast among adolescents, particularly in older adolescents, adolescents from southern Europe and adolescents from families with low socio-economic status, in order to improve public health.
Food access and diet quality independently predict nutritional status among people living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Kadiyala Suneetha , Rawat Rahul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough undernutrition is recognized as a risk factor for mortality among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), even among those initiating antiretroviral therapy, few studies have explored the underlying determinants of undernutrition. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) examine the independent association between household food security, individual diet quality and nutritional status; and (ii) determine if any association between food security and nutritional status is mediated through diet quality.DesignCross-sectional baseline survey.SettingGulu and Soroti districts, Uganda.SubjectsNine hundred and two PLWHIV recruited into a study evaluating the impact of a food assistance programme supported by the World Food Programme.ResultsFood security and diet quality were measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS), respectively. Multivariate regression results demonstrated that HFIAS and IDDS independently predict BMI (P< 0·01) and mid upper-arm circumference (P< 0·05). The adjusted odds ratio of being underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) among individuals living in severely food-insecure households was 1·92 (P< 0·0 0 1); individuals consuming a highly diverse diet had an adjusted odds ratio of being underweight of 0·56 (P< 0·05) compared with those consuming a diet of low diversity. Similar results were observed when mid upper-arm circumference and wasting were modelled as outcomes. Using path analysis, we observed that the indirect effect of food insecurity on BMI mediated through dietary diversity is negligible, and mostly a result of the direct effect of food insecurity on BMI.ConclusionsOur results provide an empirical basis for focused efforts on improving food access and diet quality among PLWHIV. Addressing the broader structural determinants of food security of people infected and affected by HIV is crucial.
Perceptions of the food shopping environment are associated with greater consumption of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Blitstein Jonathan L , Snider Jeremy , Evans W Douglas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined whether characteristics such as quality, selection and convenience are associated with dietary intake of fruits and vegetables independent of perceived costs in an inner-city, low-income population.DesignSecondary analysis of baseline data from a social marketing intervention designed to change household dietary practices among parents of 3- to 7-year-old children.SettingA community sample drawn from six low-income, primarily minority neighbourhoods in Chicago, IL, USA.SubjectsFrom the parent study, 526 respondents completed the baseline survey and were eligible for inclusion. Of this number, 495 provided complete data on sociodemographic characteristics, fruit and vegetable consumption, perceptions of the shopping environment, perceived costs of fruits and vegetables, and food shopping habits.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that more positive perceptions of the food shopping environment were associated with greater consumption of fruits and vegetables. There was an increase of approximately twofold in the likelihood of consuming three or more fruits and vegetables daily per level of satisfaction ascribed to the shopping environment. This association was independent of perceived cost, store type and sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsOur data show that among a generally minority and low-income population, quality, selection and convenience are important determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption. Nutrition promotion campaigns that aim to alter the built environment by increasing access to fruits and vegetables should recognize that simply increasing availability may not yield beneficial change when characteristics of the shopping context are ignored.