bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel hydrogen peroxide‐initiated reaction of difluorodiiodomethane with alkynes
Authors: Li An‐Rong , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction of difluorodiiodomethane with alkynes (4a—e) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide afforded the corresponding β‐iodo‐α, β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids. When propargylic alcohol was used as the substrate, β‐iodo‐α, β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactone (5f) was produced. The mechanism of the reaction was suggested.
Trichobitacin — a new ribosome‐inactivating protein I. The isolation, physicochemical and biological properties of trichobitacin
Authors: Jin Shan‐Wei , Xiang Bang‐Ping , Cao Bai‐Xun , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFrom the press‐residue of the fresh root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maim (Cucurbitaceae), a new ribosome‐inactivating protein (RIP), trichobitacin, was isolated. It has the activity of RNA N‐glycosidase and can inhibit the growth of human placental trophoblastic cells. Its molecular weight is 27,228 Da (ES‐MS) and pI 9.6. It is a single chain basic RIP. Its amino acid composition was determined. It is a new RIP. It consists of 0.7∼0.9% galactose and may be a glycoprotein. Its N‐ and C‐terminal amino acid is Asp and Ala, respectively. Its N‐terminal preliminary amino acid sequence has been determined.
Is there a “chain‐foldability” effect without neighboring moiety‐assistance
Authors: Ji Guo‐Zhen , Cui Xi‐Lin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe coaggregating tendencies of five methyl esters of saturated or unsaturated single‐chain carboxylic acids, namely, octanoic (8‐Me), dodecanoic (12‐Me), stearic (18‐Me), oleic (o‐18:1‐Me) and elaidic (t‐18:1‐Me) acids, were investigated in five aquiorgano binary solvent systems, V/V DX‐H2O (ϕ=0.50, 0.45, 0.40, 0.30, 0.20), using naphthylethyl octyl (Np‐8), dodecyl (Np‐12), hexadecyl (Np‐16) ether aa fluorescent probes. The orders of their coaggregating tendencies changed in solvents of different ϕ values. Our results could be rationalized by a chain‐foldability effect without neighboring moiety participation.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery from Human Urine by Struvite Precipitation and Air Stripping in Vietnam
Authors: Antonini Samantha , Paris Stefania , Eichert Thomas , Clemens Joachim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA “No Mix” sanitation system was installed in a dormitory at the University of CanTho in South Vietnam, with the objective of recycling nutrients from source separated wastewater streams. This paper presents the “Yellow Water” treatment plant and its efficiency in recovering phosphorus and nitrogen from human urine. The pilot plant achieved phosphorus removal efficiencies of 98% with both diluted and undiluted urine. Phosphorus was recovered in the form of struvite, a solid mineral fertilizer with heavy metal concentrations being below the German Fertilizer Regulation's threshold limits. About 110 g of struvite could be generated after one treatment cycle, during which 50 L of urine were processed. Nitrogen removal by air stripping showed best results when circulating the urine for 3 h through the stripping column at a high flow rate (80 L/h). With these settings, more than 90% of the nitrogen could be removed from the urine, and virtually 100% of this nitrogen could be recovered in the form of liquid ammonium sulfate. In the future, treatment costs could be further reduced by making use of the solar energy that is available during daytime in South Vietnam.
Suboptimal responses in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Saglio Giuseppe , Hughes Timothy P. , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe high response rates and increased survival associated with imatinib therapy prompted a paradigm shift in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, 25% to 30% of imatinib‐treated patients develop drug resistance or intolerance, increasing the risk of disease progression and poor prognosis. In 2006, the European LeukemiaNet proposed criteria to identify patients with a suboptimal response to, or failure associated with, imatinib; these recommendations were updated in 2009. Suboptimal responders represent a unique treatment challenge. Although they may respond to continued imatinib therapy, their long‐term outcomes may not be as favorable as those for optimally responding patients. Validation studies demonstrated that suboptimal responders are a heterogeneous group, and that the prognostic implications of suboptimal response vary by time point. There are few data derived from clinical trials to guide therapeutic decisions for these patients. Clinical trials are currently underway to assess the efficacy of newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors in this setting. Identification of suboptimal responders or patients failing treatment using hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular techniques allows physicians to alter therapy earlier in the treatment course to improve long‐term outcomes. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome 17q represent a clinicopathologic entity associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative features, a high risk of leukemic transformation, and wild‐typeTP53
Authors: Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Barkoh Bedia , Lu Gary , Wang Sa , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Vadhan‐Raj Saroj , Hoehn Daniela , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Yin C. Cameron 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Isolated isochromosome (17q) is a rare cytogenetic abnormality in Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloid neoplasms, usually myelodysplastic and/or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). De novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with isochromosome 17q has rarely been reported. The frequency of genetic mutations is unknown.METHODS:The authors assessed clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of 22 myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome 17q.RESULTS:Fourteen patients presented as MDS/MPN; 8 as de novo AML. Most presented with leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly. Morphologically, all showed myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features, including pseudo‐Pelger‐Huet‐like neutrophils, micromegakaryocytic hyperplasia, hypercellularity, fibrosis, and osteosclerosis. Blasts were increased (median, 40% in de novo AML; 9% in MDS/MPN). Immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation and apoptosis rates in AML were similar to a matched group without isochromosome 17q. In most patients, isochromosome 17q occurred at time of blast transformation or disease progression. DNA sequencing revealed no mutation in the uninvolvedTP53allele. Mutational analyses showed rare mutations inNRAS(3 of 10),FLT3(2 of 16), andJAK2(1 of 18), and no mutations inNPM1(0 of 15),KIT(0 of 4), andCEBPA(0 of 4). The median overall survival was 14.5 months for de novo AML, and 11.0 months for MDS/MPN. With a median follow‐up of 8.5 months (range, 1.5‐107 months), 15 died of disease, 6 had persistent disease, and 1 was in remission after bone marrow transplantation.CONCLUSIONS:The authors conclude that myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome 17q represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity with myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features, high risk of leukemic transformation, and wild‐typeTP53. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Genetic polymorphisms in obesity‐related genes and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Long Ji‐Rong , Cai Hui , Cai Qiuyin , Cheng Jiarong , Wen Wanqing , Gao Yu‐Tang , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Obesity is associated with circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin and endometrial cancer risk. Little is known about whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes that encode adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP), adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), and leptin receptor (LEPR) are associated with endometrial cancer.METHODS:The authors selected 87 tagging SNPs to capture common genetic variants in these 5 genes. These SNPs were evaluated in 1028 endometrial cancer cases and 1932 community controls recruited from Chinese women. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTS:Three of the 10 SNPs evaluated in the ADIPOQ gene were significantly associated with reduced cancer risk. The OR for women homozygous for the minor allele (A/A) for rs3774262 was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.48‐0.97) compared with women homozygous for the major allele (G/G). Similar results were found for SNPs rs1063539 and rs12629945 in ADIPOQ, which were in linkage disequilibrium with rs3774262. These associations became nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction was applied. Controls with the minor allele A at rs3774262 had lower weight, smaller waist and hip circumferences, and lower body mass index than controls with the major allele G (all P < .05). Women homozygous for the minor allele (T/T) of rs2071045 in the LEP gene also had significantly lower risk (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.90) than women homozygous for the major allele (C/C). No other SNPs in the LEP, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, or LEPR genes were found to be associated with cancer risk.CONCLUSIONS:Although a chance finding cannot be ruled out, the consistency of findings for gene‐endometrial cancer risk and gene‐obesity measurements suggests that genetic polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene may play a role in endometrial cancer development. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Interpretation of Nuclear Resonant Vibrational Spectra of Rubredoxin Using a Combined Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Approach
Authors: Paulsen Hauke , Trautwein Alfred X. , Wegner Patrick , Schmidt Christian , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Schünemann Volker 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNuclear resonant vibrational spectra of the reduced and oxidized form of a mutant of rubredoxin from Pyrococcus abyssii were measured and are compared with simulated spectra that were calculated by a combined quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM) method. Density functional theory was used for the QM level. Calculations were performed for different models of rubredoxin. Realistic spectra were simulated with reduced models that include at least the iron center, the four cysteins coordinating it, and the residues connected to the cysteins together with a QM layer that comprises the first two coordination shells of the iron center. Larger QM layers did not lead to significant changes of the simulated spectra.
Recent developments in dehydration of glycerol toward acrolein over heteropolyacids
Authors: Martin Andreas , Armbruster Udo , Atia Hanan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs biodiesel production from triglyceride transesterification increases, a surplus amount of by‐product glycerol is produced. The glycerol production per year in Europe has tripled within the last 10 years to 800–900 kt per year. This motivates the development of new processes for the conversion of glycerol into valuable chemicals, e.g., the transformation into acrolein. It is an attractive intermediate for acrylates, methionine, glutaraldehyde, etc. In the recent years, some researchers studied the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein over acidic bulk and supported catalysts, in particular with heteropolyacids (HPAs) as active compounds. HPAs attracted the attention due to their high Brønsted acidity and well known structures, however, they have some disadvantages such as low surface area, low thermal stability, and rapid coking leading to deactivation. To overcome these drawbacks, HPAs are often supported on oxidic carriers showing high surface areas. In addition, redox active metals are incorporated into HPAs and oxygen‐containing feed is used to suppress coke formation. This review presents a summary on recent research on HPA based catalysts in the gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4′‐C,3′‐O‐Propylene‐Linked Bicyclic Nucleosides
Authors: Hatton Wilfried , Hunault Julie , Egorov Maxim , Len Christophe , Pipelier Muriel , Blot Virginie , Silvestre Virginie , Fargeas Valérie , Ané Adjou , McBrayer Tami , Detorio Mervi , Cho Jong‐Hyun , Bourgougnon Nathalie , Dubreuil Didier , Schinazi Raymond F. , Lebreton Jacques 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA set of pyrimidine nucleosides fused with a 4′‐C,3′‐O‐propylene bridge was successfully synthesised in 12 steps from 1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranose, an inexpensive starting material, based on a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reaction followed by Vorbrüggen‐type nucleobase coupling. Antiviral and cytotoxicity activities of the targeted modified nucleosides, as well as their phosphoramidate prodrugs, are described.
Study of the potential energy savings in Ethernet by combining Energy Efficient Ethernet and Adaptive Link Rate
Authors: Reviriego P. , Maestro J.A. , Hernández J.A. , Larrabeiti D. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard (IEEE 802.3az) has introduced some modifications to existing Ethernet standards with the aim of improving energy efficiency in the transmission of data frames. The adopted mechanism is to use different power modes of operation such that a device can be put into a low‐power mode when there is no data to transmit and awake it very quickly upon frame arrival. This is expected to reduce energy consumption significantly, especially on low‐loaded links. An alternative to EEE, known as Adaptive Link Rate (ALR), was also proposed to improve energy efficiency in Ethernet by dynamically changing the link speed at different traffic loads. ALR reduces the energy consumption because the lower the link speed, the less energy is consumed. However, this option is no longer considered in the EEE standard process.In this work, the potential energy savings of combining both EEE and ALR are explored. The results show that such a combination can further improve the already efficient EEE standard given the different power overheads associated with transitions between the active and idle power modes at different link speeds. This conclusion provides a clear motivation to investigate the combination of EEE and ALR more in detail in further developments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tool for assessing management capacity at the decentralized level in a fragile state
Authors: Newbrander William , Peercy Chavanne , Shepherd‐Banigan Megan , Vergeer Petra 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYFragile states need assessment of decentralized management capabilities, not just of the central level, to design capacity‐building efforts focused on improving management. Improving the management capacity of health departments at the provincial or district level is just as critical as strengthening the central ministry in fragile states if a health system that effectively addresses the real health needs of the population is to be formed. This paper describes a management capacity assessment tool developed for use in fragile states. It uses a framework that describes six critical management areas: oversight and coordination; human resources; resource management; health financing; community involvement; and health information management. These core areas of health system management are assessed with regard to capacity in three core management functions: the capacity to plan, to implement, and to monitor and evaluate. The tool was applied to assess the management capacity of six counties in Liberia. The results helped differentiate the level of capacity of the different counties and clarify the actions required to strengthen the health system in the periphery. The assessment also allowed the prioritizing of county health offices with regard to the level of capacity building required to improve management. The tool also identified successes that can inform the design of future health programs in other county health offices. The tool can be applied to other challenging country situations to assess management capacity, which will help focus technical assistance to the health sector in fragile states. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating surface sublimation losses from snowpacks in a mountain catchment using eddy covariance and turbulent transfer calculations
Authors: Reba Michele L. , Pomeroy John , Marks Danny , Link Timothy E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSublimation is a critical component of the snow cover mass balance. Although sublimation can be directly measured using eddy covariance (EC), such measurements are relatively uncommon in complex mountainous environments. The EC measurements of surface snowpack sublimation from three consecutive winter seasons (2004, 2005 and 2006) at a wind‐exposed and wind‐sheltered site were analysed to characterise sublimation in mountainous terrain. During the 2006 snow season, snow surface and near‐surface air temperature, humidity and wind were also measured, permitting the calculation of sublimation rates and a comparison with EC measurements. This comparison showed that measured and simulated sublimation was very similar at the exposed site but less so at the sheltered site. Wind speeds at the exposed site were nearly four times than that at the sheltered site, and the exposed site yielded measured sublimation that was two times the magnitude of that at the sheltered site. The time variation of measured sublimation showed diurnal increases in the early afternoon and increased rates overall as the snow season progressed. Measured mean daily sublimation rates were 0.39 and 0.15 mm day−1 at the exposed and sheltered sites, respectively. At the exposed site, measured sublimation accounted for 16% and 41% of the maximum snow accumulation in 2006 and 2005, respectively. At the sheltered site, measured seasonal sublimation was approximately 4% in 2004 and 2006 and 8% in 2005 of the maximum snow water equivalent. Simulated sublimation was only available for 2006 and suggested smaller but comparable percentages to the sublimation estimated from observations. At the exposed site, a total of 42 mm sublimated for the snow season, which constituted 12% of the maximum accumulation. At the sheltered site, 17 mm (2.2% of maximum accumulation) was sublimated over the snow season. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape transformation of an Alpine floodplain influenced by humans: historical analyses from aerial images
Authors: Doering M. , Blaurock M. , Robinson C.T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNatural floodplains are spatially heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems but at the same time, a highly endangered landscape feature due to climate change and human impacts such as water storage, flood control and hydropower production. Flow is considered a master variable that shapes channel morphology and the heterogeneity, distribution, and turnover of floodplain habitats. Despite their highly dynamic nature, the relative abundance of different habitat elements (islands, gravel bars) in natural floodplains seems to remain relatively constant over ecological periods and is referred to as the shifting mosaic steady state concept. In this conceptual context, we analysed spatiotemporal changes in relative habitat abundance and channel complexity of an alpine floodplain from its near natural state in 1940 before water abstraction and levee construction until 2007 using historical aerial images. Within the first decades of impairment, the relative abundance of floodplain habitats that depend on flood and flow pulses such as parafluvial channels and islands shifted toward a greater abundance of terrestrial forest and grassland habitats. After 1986, the duration and frequencies of high‐precipitation events (>60 mm 24 h–1) triggering major, channel‐reworking floods increased substantially and caused a restructuring of the floodplain and decrease in the abundance of more terrestrial habitat types. These results are contrary to expectations of the shifting mosaic steady state concept yet suggest its potential application as an indicator of landscape transformation and human impacts on floodplain ecosystems. Last, the results raise the applied question as to whether an increased frequency of high flow events induced by climate change can contribute to floodplain restoration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melted snow volume control in the snowmelt runoff model using a snow water equivalent statistically based model
Authors: Bavera D. , De Michele C. , Pepe M. , Rampini A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSnowmelt is an important component of the river discharge in mountain environments. In the past 40 years, the snowmelt dynamics has been mostly evaluated using degree‐day‐based models like the snowmelt runoff model (SRM). This model has no control on the volume of the melting snow, even if SRM includes as data input the snow‐covered area. This lack explains why the application of SRM may lead to inaccurate snowmelt volume estimations, even if the discharge volumes are accurately reproduced. Here we introduce in SRM the control on the melted snow volume and consider it in the determination of SRM parameters. The total snow volume, accumulated at the end of winter season, is evaluated by a snow water equivalent statistically based model, SWE‐SEM, and used as an estimate of the melting snow during the summer season. The benefit derived from the introduction of the control on the melting snow volume was investigated in the Mallero basin (northern Italy) for the 2003 and 2004 snow melting seasons. The analysis compares the model's results adopting different parameter sets, both considering and ignoring the control on the melting snow volume. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Topological method for global optimization of clusters: Application to (TiO2)n (n = 1–6)
Authors: Tang Lingli , Sai Linwei , Zhao Jijun , Qiu Ruifeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new topological method is presented to generate the isomer structures of compound clusters with well defined covalent bonds. This method, combined with density functional theory, has been used to perform global optimization of (TiO2)n (n = 1–6) clusters. Our comprehensive search not only reproduces all of the known lowest‐energy structures reported in previous works but also reveals some new low‐energy structures. Some energetically unfavorable motifs that induce energy penalties are obtained and discussed. Based on the ground state structures of the anionic (TiO2)n. clusters, the electron affinities and photoelectron spectra are simulated and compared with available experimental data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Histology, histochemistry and stereology of the adipose fin of Prochilodus lineatus
Authors: Alves Rebeca Mamede da Silva , Pereira Bruno Fiorelini , Pitol Dimítrius Leonardo , Senhorini José Algusto , Rocha Rita de Cássia Gimenes de Alcântara , Caetano Flavio Henrique 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe adipose fin is small, nonpared, and usually located medially between the dorsal and caudal fin. Its taxonomic occurrence is very restrict; thus, it represents an important trace for taxon distinction. As it does not play a known vital physiological roll and it is easily removed, it is commonly used in marking and recapture studies. The present study characterizes the adipose fin of Prochilodus lineatus, as it is poorly explored by the literature. The adipose fin consists basically of a loose connective core, covered by a stratified epithelium supported by collagen fibers. At the epithelium, pigmented cells and alarm substance cells are found. Despite the name, adipocytes or lipid droplets are not observed on the structure of the fin. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.