bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylated Benzophenone Peroxide Derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii
Authors: Xiao Zhi Yong , Zeng Yi Han , Mu Qing , Shiu Winnie Ka Po , Gibbons Simon 
Published: August 2010

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of peroxysampsone A (I) and B (II)
Mesenchymal stem cell labeling and in vitro MR characterization at 1.5 T of new SPIO contrast agent: Molday ION Rhodamine‐B™
Authors: Addicott Benjamin , Willman Melissa , Rodriguez Jose , Padgett Kyle , Han Dongmei , Berman Dora , Hare Joshua M. , Kenyon Norma Sue 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn vivo detection of transplanted stem cells is requisite for improving stem cell‐based treatments by developing a thorough understanding of their therapeutic mechanisms. MRI tracking of magnetically labeled cells is non‐invasive and is suitable for longitudinal studies. Molday ION Rhodamine‐B™ (MIRB) is a new superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent specifically formulated for cell labeling and is readily internalized by non‐phagocytic cells. This investigation characterizes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) labeling and MR imaging properties of this new SPIO agent. Effects of MIRB on MSC viability and differentiation as well as cellular loading properties were assessed for MSC labeled with MIRB at concentrations from 5 to 100 µg Fe/ml. Labeled MSC were evaluated, in vitro, on a clinical 1.5 T MRI. Optimal scanning sequences and imaging parameters were determined based on contrast‐to‐noise ratio and contrast modulation. Relaxation rates (1/T2*) for gradient‐echo sequences were approximated and an idealized limit of detection was established. MIRB labeling did not affect MSC viability or the ability to differentiate into either bone or fat. Labeling efficiency was found to be approximately 95% for labeling concentrations at or above 20 µg Fe/ml. Average MIRB per MSC ranged from 0.7 pg Fe for labeling MIRB concentration of 5 µg Fe/ml and asymptotically approached a value of 20–25 pg Fe/MSC as labeling concentration increased to 100 µg Fe/ml. MRI analysis of MIRB MSC revealed long echo time, gradient echo sequences to provide the most sensitivity. Limit of detection for gradient echo sequences was determined to be less than 1000 MSC, with approximately 15 pg Fe/MSC (labeled at 20µg Fe/ml). These investigations have laid the groundwork and established feasibility for the use of this contrast agent for in vivo MRI detection of MSC. Properties evaluated in this study will be used as a reference for tracking labeled MSC for in vivo studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excess occurrence of cancer of the oral cavity, lung, and bladder following cancer of the cervix
Authors: Newell Guy R. , Krementz Edward T. , Roberts Jane D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe risk of developing a second cancer among white and black females with an initial cancer of the uterine cervix or corpus has been estimated based on the experience of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana Tumor Registry, a participant of the End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Observed second primary cancers were compared to expected numbers in order to obtain a direct estimate of risk. White females having an initial cancer of the cervix had a 5‐to‐6‐fold excess risk of developing a subsequent cancer of the oral pharynx, lung, or bladder during the first 5 years following their initial cancer with no excess risk during subsequent years. Black females with cervical cancer had a 3.5‐fold excess risk for developing oral cavity and lung cancer. There was no excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the breast or large intestine, but a slight excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the ano‐rectum. There was a 7% excess risk among both whites and blacks with initial cancer of the corpus uteri of subsequently developing another cancer.
Benign metastasizing uterine leiomyoma: Multiple lymph nodal metastases
Authors: Abell M. R. , Littler E. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA case of histologically benign lymph nodal metastases from a uterine Ieiomyoma in a 27‐year‐old woman is reported. It is postulated that fragments of a leiomyoma, detached at the time of endometrial curettage, entered dilated lymphatic channels in or adjacent to a large projecting submucous leiomyoma, and seeded several pelvic and para‐aortic lymph nodes. During an interval of 8 years, these grew slowly and did not infiltrate the perinodal tissues or give rise to secondary metastases.
Reactions of the Disilane Me3SiSiCl3 with P‐Chlorophosphaalkenes: Transient and Persistent Per‐Silylated Phosphaalkenes
Authors: Mitrofan Cristina , Bîrzoi Roxana M. , Bugnariu Delia R. , Mahnke Jens , Riecke Antje , Dürr (née Seppälä) Emma , du Mont Wolf‐W. , Jones Peter G. , Marsmann Heinrich 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReactions of P‐chlorophosphaalkenes (RMe2Si)2C=PCl (1a: R = Me; 1b: R = Ph) with the disilane Me3SiSiCl3 (5) furnish diphosphenes (Cl3Si)(RMe2Si)2C–P=P–C(SiCl3)(SiMe2R)2 (4a: R = Me; 4b: R = Ph) by Me3SiCl elimination. The structure of the new compound 4b was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction; it displays crystallographic inversion symmetry. Monitoring the reactions with 31P‐ and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy detected P‐(trichlorosilyl)phosphaalkenes (RMe2Si)2C=PSiCl3 (2a, R = Me; 2b, R = Ph) as the primary intermediates from reductive P‐silylation of 4a, 4b, and P‐[(trichlorosilyl)phosphanyl]phosphaalkenes (RMe2Si)2C=P–P(SiCl3)C(SiCl3)(SiMe2R)2 (3a: R = Me; 3b: R = Ph) as unsymmetric dimerisation products that rearrange to provide 4a, 4b in step III of the reaction sequence. This step (the P→C 1,3‐trichlorosilyl shift reaction) was mimicked by the synthesis of (Me3Si)2C=P–P(SiCl3)tBu (7), which rearranges into an unsymmetric diphosphene tBuP=PC(SiMe3)2SiCl3 (8). The bulkier P‐chlorophosphaalkene (iPrMe2Si)2C=PCl (1c) reacts with 5, eliminates Me3SiCl and thereby provides the first persistent acyclic per‐silylated phosphaalkene (iPrMe2Si)2C=PSiCl3 (2c) in an incomplete reaction. 2c exhibits an exceptionally large NMR coupling 1J(31P,29Si) = ±249 Hz. Within weeks, the mixtures of 1c and 2c undergo decomposition with loss of the P=C functions.
Unit cloning and amplification as novel and universal strategies for complex vector construction and small DNA fragment preparation
Authors: Ye Chunjiang , Gu Jingsong , Chen Sunxiao , Deng Anmei , Li Yue Zhong , Li Dianxiang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWith a novel and universal strategy for the cloning of multiple DNA fragments, a complex synthetic vector (pVEC100), harboring the target DNA fragments in conventional 100‐bp DNA ladder, was constructed for efficient and large‐scale production of 100‐bp DNA marker through bacteria fermentation, plasmid extraction and restrictive digestion. Since the restrictive digestion of complex vectors yields insufficient small DNA fragments, an innovative PCR model was developed as an alternative. The PCR model comprised a specially designed template vector and a unit amplification model for producing groups of small DNA fragments. The unit amplification model improved the efficiency of the PCR protocol and made it more economical and easier for small DNA fragment amplification. The approach presented in this paper – a unit cloning model for constructing complex synthetic vectors combined with the modular design of unit amplification by PCR – is a powerful method for preparing small DNA fragments of DNA molecular weight standards.
Managing hyponatremia in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Authors: Verbalis Joseph G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis review will address the management of hyponatremia caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in hospitalized patients. To do so requires an understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of SIADH, as well as currently available treatment options. The review will be structured as responses to a series of questions, followed by a presentation of an algorithm for determining the most appropriate treatments for individual patients with SIADH based on their presenting symptoms. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:S18–S26. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Effect of organo‐modified montmorillonite on flame retardant poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate) composites
Authors: Yang Wei , Kan Yongchun , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Lu Hongdian , Yuen Richard K. K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of organo‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was studied in poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate) (PBT) composites containing microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and melamine cyanurate (MC). Nanocomposite morphology was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal decomposition analysis was studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combustion behavior was investigated by microcombustion calorimeter (MCC), limited oxygen index (LOI), and UL‐94 test. Residues obtained after samples treated in muffle furnace at 500°C under air condition for 10 min were analyzed through X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the addition of OMMT improved the flame retardancy of PBT/IFR composites significantly. A mass of microcomposite structure particles formed in the heating or combustion process of PBT/IFR/OMMT nanocomposites were found for the first time in the SEM images, which is strong evidence to confirm the migration or accumulation of montmorillonite and carbonaceous‐silicate materials during the heating or combustion process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,4‐bis((E)‐2‐(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)vinyl)benzene) derivatives
Authors: Lee Min‐Jung , Kang Moon Seong , Shin Min‐Ki , Park Jong‐Won , Chung Dae Sung , Park Chan Eun , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew amorphous semiconducting copolymers, poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene)‐alt‐(3‐dodecylthienyl‐divinylbenzene‐3‐dodecylthienyl) derivatives (PEFTVB and POFTVB), were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The structure of copolymers was confirmed by H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The copolymers showed very good solubility in organic solvents and high thermal stability with high Tg of 178–185 °C. The weight average molecular weight was found to be 107,900 with polydispersity of 3.14 for PEFTVB and 76,700 with that of 3.31 for POFTVB. UV–vis absorption studies showed the maximum absorption at 428 nm (in solution) and 435 nm (in film) for PEFTVB and at 430 nm (in solution) and 436 nm (in film) for POFTVB. Photoluminescence studies showed the emission at 498 nm (in solution) and 557 nm (in film) for PEFTVB and at 498 nm (in solution) and 536 nm (in film) for POFTVB. The solution‐processed thin‐film transistors showed the carrier mobility of 2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 for PEFTVB‐based devices and 2 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for POFTVB‐based devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3942–3949, 2010
Doubly photoresponsive and water‐soluble block copolymers: Synthesis and thermosensitivity
Authors: Zhao Yi , Tremblay Luc , Zhao Yue 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis and investigation of a new type of photoresponsive block copolymers (BCPs). They were designed to comprise two water‐soluble polymers containing two different photoisomerizable moieties (either azobenzene and spiropyran or two different azobenzenes), with the two constituting blocks that, when separated, exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water and can shift their LCST in opposite directions upon photoisomerization (decrease of LCST for one polymer and increase for the other). A variety of such doubly photoresponsive BCPs were synthesized using either azobenzene‐ or spiropyran‐containing poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly[methoxydi(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (PDEGMMA). Their thermal phase transition behaviors in aqueous solution before and after simultaneous photoreactions on the two blocks were investigated in comparison with their constituting blocks, by means of solution transmittance (turbidity) and variable‐temperature 1H NMR measurements. The results show that BCPs displayed a single LCST whose shift upon two photoisomerizations appeared to be determined by the competing and opposing photoinduced effects on the two blocks. Moreover, optically controlling the relative photoisomerization degrees of trans azobenzene‐to‐cis azobenzene and spiropyran‐to‐merocyanine could be used to tune the LCST of BCP solution. This study demonstrates the potential of exploring a more complex photoreaction scheme to optically control the solution properties of water‐soluble thermosensitive BCPs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4055–4066, 2010
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Intracellular Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Vivero‐Escoto Juan L. , Slowing Igor I. , Trewyn Brian G. , Lin Victor S.‐Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe application of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery has attracted much attention in the latest decades. Recent breakthroughs on the morphology control and surface functionalization of inorganic‐based delivery vehicles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), have brought new possibilities to this burgeoning area of research. The ability to functionalize the surface of mesoporous‐silica‐based nanocarriers with stimuli‐responsive groups, nanoparticles, polymers, and proteins that work as caps and gatekeepers for controlled release of various cargos is just one of the exciting results reported in the literature that highlights MSNs as a promising platform for various biotechnological and biomedical applications. This review focuses on the most recent progresses in the application of MSNs for intracellular drug delivery. The latest research on the pathways of entry into live mammalian and plant cells together with intracellular trafficking are described. One of the main areas of interest in this field is the development of site‐specific drug delivery vehicles; the contribution of MSNs toward this topic is also summarized. In addition, the current research progress on the biocompatibility of this material in vitro and in vivo is discussed. Finally, the latest breakthroughs for intracellular controlled drug release using stimuli‐responsive mesoporous‐silica‐based systems are described.
The role of lateral-entry Steinmann pins in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Weinberg Jacob , Belthur Mohan V. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose Loss of pin fixation in supracondylar fractures can occur with failure to achieve bicortical fixation. Bicortical fixation may be challenging for those pins that attempt to penetrate the diaphyseal cortex, where the bone is thick. Lateral-entry Steinmann pins may allow for better penetration through cortical bone because they are more rigid than typical Kirschner wires. Methods A retrospective review of 16 children with type III supracondylar fractures treated by a single surgeon using Steinmann pins was undertaken. The average age at presentation was 6 years. Following closed reduction, all fractures were maintained with three lateral-entry pins. At least one Steinmann pin was placed in the lateral column of the distal humerus in each pin construct. Results Follow-up radiographs indicated a mean Baumann's angle of 72.9° (range 64°–82°). There was no statistically significant change in the Baumann's angle or axial alignment at final follow-up. All but one fracture healed in an anatomic position on the lateral view. Conclusions Steinmann pins placed through a lateral-entry point are effective in controlling the reduction of high-grade supracondylar fractures. The fixation is excellent and avoids potential ulnar nerve complications of medial entry.
Developmental PCB exposure induces hypothyroxinemia and sex‐specific effects on cerebellum glial protein levels in rats
Authors: Miller V.M. , Kahnke T. , Neu N. , Sanchez‐Morrissey S.R. , Brosch K. , Kelsey K. , Seegal R.F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent lipophilic environmental contaminants which are found in fatty tissues of humans and wild‐life alike. Maternal transfer of PCBs to offspring is easily achieved across the placenta and via lactation. In male rats, perinatal PCB exposure induces behavioral abnormalities, in addition to hypothyroxinemia and white matter changes. There are sex differences in white matter volume synthesis and density in adult and aged rodents. Yet whether PCB exposure effects on white matter are sex‐specific is unclear, because the previous studies were conducted in male offspring. Furthermore, although hypothyroxinemia induced by PCB exposure is thought to trigger white matter changes, PCBs also affect interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression, and IL‐6 regulates white matter growth. We hypothesized that perinatal PCB exposure would have sex‐specific effects on white matter development associated with altered IL‐6 levels. We found that female offspring had higher levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) than males did, at postnatal day (PND) 7, 18 and 21. PCB exposure induced hypothyroxinemia in males and females at PND7, 14, 21, and 42. PCB exposure also increased MBP and reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in males at PND21, but had the opposite effect in females. In addition, at PND14 and 21, PCB exposure elevated IL‐6 levels in male offspring only. The induction of sex‐specific changes in white matter proteins, in the absence of sex differences in thyroxine levels after PCB exposure, suggests that serum thyroxine levels do not directly contribute to the white matter alterations. Instead, IL‐6 may contribute to increased MBP levels in males, whereas in females estromimetic and thyromimetic PCB metabolites may affect white matter development. This data adds to an increasing body of literature showing that perinatal insults induce sex‐specific effects in offspring.
Speech Production Accuracy and Variability in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients: Comparisons With Typically Developing Age-Peers
Authors: Ertmer David J. , Goffman Lisa A. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
The speech production accuracy and variability scores of 6 young cochlear implant (CI) recipients with 2 years of device experience were compared with those of typically developing (TD) age-peers.

Method
Words from the First Words Speech Test (FWST; Ertmer, 1999) were imitated 3 times to assess the accuracy and variability of initial consonants, vowels, and words. The initial consonants in the 4 sets of the FWST followed a typical order of development.

Results
The TD group produced targets with high accuracy and low variability. Their scores across FWST sets reflected the expected order of development. The CI group produced most targets less accurately and with more variability than the TD children. Relatively high accuracy for the consonants of Sets 1 and 2 indicated that these phonemes were acquired early and in a typical developmental order. A trend toward greater accuracy for Set 4 as compared with Set 3 suggested that later-emerging consonants were not acquired in the expected order. Variability was greatest for later-emerging initial consonants and whole words.

Discussion
Although considerable speech production proficiency was evident, age-level performance was not attained after 2 years of CI experience. Factors that might influence the order of consonant acquisition are discussed.
Cross-Modulation Interference With Lateralization of Mixed-Modulated Waveforms
Authors: Hsieh I-Hui , Petrosyan Agavni , Gonçalves óscar F. , Hickok Gregory , Saberi Kourosh 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
This study investigated the ability to use spatial information in mixed-modulated (MM) sounds containing concurrent frequency-modulated (FM) and amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds by exploring patterns of interference when different modulation types originated from different loci as may occur in a multisource acoustic field.

Method
Interaural delay thresholds were measured from 5 normal-hearing adults for an AM sound in the presence of interfering FM and vice versa as a function of interferer modulation rate. In addition, the effects of near versus remote interferer rates, and fixed versus randomized interferer interaural delay, were investigated.

Results
AM interfered with lateralization of FM at all modulation rates. However, the FM interfered with AM lateralization only when the FM rate was higher than the AM rate. This rate asymmetry was surprising given the prevalence of low-frequency dominance in lateralization, but was predicted by a cross-correlation model of binaural interaction. Effects were similar for fixed and randomized interferer interaural delays.

Conclusions
The results suggest that in multisource environments, sources containing different modulation types significantly interfere with localization in complex ways that reveal interactions between modulation type and rate. These findings contribute to the understanding of auditory object formation and localization.
Evaluation of a spacecraft attitude and rate estimation algorithm
Authors: Filipski M.N. , Varatharajoo R. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to present the development and performance evaluation of an attitude and rate estimation algorithm using an extended Kalman filter structure based on a body‐referenced representation of the state.Design/methodology/approachThe algorithm requires only geomagnetic field data and can be used as a low‐cost alternative or as a back‐up estimator in the case of attitude sensor failures. The satellite rate is estimated as a part of the filter state and thus no gyroscope is necessary. The assessment of the algorithm performance is realized through a Monte Carlo simulation using a low‐Earth orbit, nadir‐pointing satellite.FindingsGiven some attitude and rate error requirements, the range of admissible initial errors on the filter state and the effect of un‐modelled disturbance torque are determined, along with the achievable attitude and rate accuracies.Practical implicationsBecause the simulation set‐up is clearly stated, the results of this evaluation can be used as a benchmark for other estimation algorithms.Originality/valueThe necessary assumptions and approximations used to derive the filter equations are explicitly pointed out for the benefit of the readers. Well‐defined filter initial conditions are used in an extensive series of tests resulting into a unique set of findings.