bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of land cover change on flood peak discharges and runoff volumes: model estimates for the Nyando River Basin, Kenya
Authors: Olang L. O. , Fürst J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe impacts of historical land cover changes witnessed between 1973 and 2000 on the hydrologic response of the Nyando River Basin were investigated. The land cover changes were obtained through consistent classifications of selected Landsat satellite images. Their effects on runoff peak discharges and volumes were subsequently assessed using selected hydrologic models for runoff generation and routing available within the HEC‐HMS. Physically based parameters of the models were estimated from the land cover change maps together with a digital elevation model and soil datasets of the basin. Observed storm events for the simulation were selected and their interpolated spatial distributions obtained using the univariate ordinary Kriging procedure. The simulated flows from the 14 sub‐catchments were routed downstream afterwards to obtain the accrued effects in the entire river basin. Model results obtained generally revealed significant and varying increases in the runoff peak discharges and volumes within the basin. In the upstream sub‐catchments with higher rates of deforestation, increases between 30 and 47% were observed in the peak discharge. In the entire basin, however, the flood peak discharges and volumes increased by at least 16 and 10% respectively during the entire study period. The study successfully outlined the hydrological consequences of the eminent land cover changes and hence the need for sustainable land use and catchment management strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of techniques for downscaling extreme precipitation over the Northeastern United States
Authors: Tryhorn Lee , DeGaetano Art 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccurate estimates of local changes in extreme precipitation are valuable for informing local policy decisions and estimating potential impacts on areas such as health, infrastructure, ecosystems and agriculture. To bridge the gap between the coarse spatial resolution of climate model output and the need for weather and climate information at a higher resolution, downscaling methods have been developed. This research compares several different downscaling methods in their ability to simulate rainfall extremes over the Northeastern United States. The methods compared are a bias‐correction and spatial disaggregation technique, the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) and a regional climate model, HadRM3. Validation was done using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions of annual maxima and return‐period estimates. All the different techniques simulated reasonable estimates of extreme rainfall across the northeast. However, the agreement of simulations with observations depended upon the downscaling technique used and the location. The SDSM simulations matched observed extreme climatology the best. HadRM3 tended to overestimate mean precipitation and gave a GEV distribution that did not replicate the observed distribution well and, thus, overestimated the extremes.We then developed high‐resolution projections of future changes to rainfall across the Northeast United States, using IPCC SRES emission scenario A2 combined with these downscaling methods. Future projections based on SDSM indicate increases in the magnitude of extreme rainfall events by ∼7% through the 2041–2060 period with considerable regional variation particularly at the higher 50‐ and 100‐year return periods. However, these projected increases rarely fall outside the 95% confidence intervals based on the observation period from 1961 to 1980. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The success of Caterpillar's global approach to change management
Authors: Wolpert Catherine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCaterpillar's 15‐year quest to build change management into a global organizational competency sets an impressive benchmark for others still pursuing this elusive goal. The author describes the LaMarsh & Associates Managed Change™ model, which is the basis of Caterpillar's cobranded global approach to change management. She then examines six characteristics that underpin the enterprisewide approach and describes how the company successfully used the model to implement its new health care strategy, a multiyear effort toward promoting active consumerism among employees and retirees as a way to rein in rising health care costs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doing more with less: How a multicompany community of practice shares knowledge and saves money
Authors: Moran John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImagine having a trusted network of your peers in other companies whose responses to your questions saved your company $500,000. Through that network, you could ask almost any professional question and have several responses within a few minutes, or, at most, hours. When you receive the responses, you are confident that they represent well‐thought‐through research, are probably working in the environments of your peers, and therefore have a good chance of working in your environment. This article is a case study of a fee‐based, multicompany community of practice (CoP) for information technology (IT) directors based in the greater San Francisco, California, region. It describes the principles and practices that have led to the outcomes that resulted in the trusted network described above. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A combination of hot air treatment and nano‐packing reduces fruit decay and maintains quality in postharvest Chinese bayberries
Authors: Wang Kaituo , Jin Peng , Shang Haitao , Li Hongmei , Xu Feng , Hu Qiuhui , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGOUND: Chinese bayberry is susceptible to microbial decay during postharvest handling and storage. To search for effective alternatives to currently used fungicides for disease control, the efficacy of hot air (HA) treatment at 48 °C for 3 h alone or in combination with nano‐packing (NP) containing nano‐TiO2 and nano‐Ag in controlling green mould decay caused by Penicillium citrinum and natural decay, and their effects on fruit quality in harvested Chinese bayberries were investigated in this study.RESULTS: The combined treatment of HA and NP resulted in a remarkably improved control of green mould and natural decay in Chinese bayberries compared with treatment of HA or NP alone. The in vitro growth of P. citrinum was significantly inhibited by individual HA or NP. In addition, HA in combination with NP showed interactive effect on inhibiting fruit respiration, ethylene production and membrane lipid peroxidation, and maintained higher fruit firmness and DPPH radical scavenging activity.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a combination of HA treatment and NP may be a useful technique to reduce fruit decay and maintain quality in Chinese bayberries during postharvest storage and retail conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Cancer incidence in a trial of an antiapoptotic agent for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schwid Steven R. , Bausch Janice , Oakes David , Schuchter Lynn , Tanner Caroline , Forrest Misser , Lang Anthony E. , Shoulson Ira ,   the PSG PRECEPT Investigators
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe performed a placebo‐controlled trial of CEP‐1347, an inhibitor of neuronal apoptotic cell death, in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) to determine whether long‐term therapy would slow disability progression. This also provided an opportunity to monitor cancer incidence in a large cohort of PD patients followed prospectively including periods before and after patients developed disability requiring dopaminergic therapy. This was a multicenter study of 806 patients with early PD, without disability requiring dopaminergic therapy, assigned randomly to placebo or one of three doses of CEP‐1347. Patients were monitored for an average of 1.8 years (1,467 patient‐years) with routine cancer screening evaluations and annual skin examinations by a dermatologist. There was no significant excess of cancers among patients taking CEP‐1347 compared with placebo for any cancer type (all P > 0.1). Nonmelanoma skin cancers were the most common cancer type observed. The incidence of melanomas was 20.9 times that predicted in the general population. Most melanomas occurred in patients who had never taken dopaminergic therapy. We found no evidence that CEP‐1347 affected cancer incidence within 2 years of follow‐up. Melanoma occurrence in our PD patients was greater than predicted compared with the general population and was unrelated to dopaminergic therapy. Clinical surveillance of PD patients for melanoma may be warranted. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Differential effect of environmental risk factors on postural instability gait difficulties and tremor dominant Parkinson's disease
Authors: Skeie G.O. , Muller B. , Haugarvoll K. , Larsen J.P. , Tysnes O.B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBoth environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have examined environmental risk factors in a Norwegian population of incident PD patients and controls, the Norwegian ParkWest study. All five neurological wards in the study area of Western Norway participated in the study. A 4‐step diagnostic procedure was used to establish a representative cohort of patients with incident PD at a high level of diagnostic accuracy. 212 incident PD patients and 175 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were included. PD patients and controls were asked for information on occupation, education, exposure to pesticides, tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine. Agricultural work was associated with a higher risk of PD (OR 1.75 (1.03–3.0) P = 0.009). There were no differences as to other occupations. Smoking (OR 0.63 (0.42–0.95) P = 0.016) and alcohol use (OR 0.55 P = 0.008) were associated with a lower risk for PD. Interestingly, this inverse association was only seen in postural instability gait difficulties (PIGD) PD (P = 0.046 for smoking, P = 0.07 for alcohol consumption), and not in tremor dominant (TD) PD which was similar to controls. Consumption of coffee was lower in PD patients (3.3 ± 1.8 cups per day vs. 3.8 ± 2.0 in controls P = 0.02). In the regression model including intake of alcohol, coffee, and smoke, only coffee (P = 0.007) and alcohol intake (P = 0.021) remained significant whereas smoking was no longer significant. Thus, it seems as though only coffee intake reduces the risk of PD in general while associations to alcohol and smoking differ between PIGD and TD‐PD patients. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
“Trousseau's disease:” A description of the gilles de la tourette syndrome 12 years before 1885
Authors: Rickards Hugh , Woolf Ian , Cavanna Andrea Eugenio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrench neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette first described the syndrome which earned him eponymous fame in 1885. However, a publication dated 1873 by Armand Trousseau included a detailed account of what is currently know as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). In Gilles de la Tourette's celebrated 1885 paper, there is a brief mention of the clinical picture described earlier by Trousseau, but Gilles de la Tourette somewhat disregarded it. We present the first English translation of Trousseau's description and argue that this description is more akin to modern conceptualization of GTS than the description of Gilles de la Tourette himself. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Comparing exercise in Parkinson's disease—the Berlin BIG Study
Authors: Ebersbach Georg , Ebersbach Almut , Edler Daniela , Kaufhold Olaf , Kusch Matthias , Kupsch Andreas , Wissel Jörg 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhysiotherapy is widely used in Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are few controlled studies comparing active interventions. Recently, a technique named “LSVT®BIG” has been introduced. LSVT®BIG is derived from the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment and focuses on intensive exercising of high‐amplitude movements. In the present comparative study, 60 patients with mild to moderate PD were randomly assigned to receive either one‐to‐one training (BIG), group training of Nordic Walking (WALK), or domestic nonsupervised exercises (HOME). Patients in training (BIG) and WALK received 16 hours of supervised training within 4 (BIG) or 8 (WALK) weeks. The primary efficacy measure was difference in change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score from baseline to follow‐up at 16 weeks between groups. UPDRS scores were obtained by blinded video rating. ANCOVA showed significant group differences for UPDRS‐motor score at final assessment (P < 0.001). Mean improvement of UPDRS in BIG was −5.05 (SD 3.91) whereas there was a mild deterioration of 0.58 (SD 3.17) in WALK and of 1.68 (SD 5.95) in HOME. LSVT®BIG was also superior to WALK and HOME in timed‐up‐and‐go and timed 10 m walking. There were no significant group differences for quality of life (PDQ39). These results provide evidence that LSVT®BIG is an effective technique to improve motor performance in patients with PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Biphenylene: stabilization or destabilization?
Authors: Fishtik Ilie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA modified Hess–Schaad group additivity scheme has been developed and used to evaluate the resonance energy of biphenylene. It is shown that biphenylene possesses strong aromatic character. The strain energy, if any, should be much lower than previously estimated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distress screening in oncology—evaluation of the Questionnaire on Distress in Cancer Patients—short form (QSC‐R10) in a German sample
Authors: Book Katrin , Marten‐Mittag Birgitt , Henrich Gerhard , Dinkel Andreas , Scheddel Patrick , Sehlen Susanne , Haimerl Wolfgang , Schulte Thomas , Britzelmeir Ingrid , Herschbach Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients (QSC‐R10), a 10‐item screening instrument for self‐assessment of psychosocial distress in cancer patients.Methods: A total of 1850 cancer patients were assessed with the QSC‐R10. Patients were recruited from different inpatient and outpatient settings in Germany between 2007 and 2009.Results: Mean age of the sample was 62.9 (SD=12.4) with breast cancer as the most frequent diagnosis (35.2%). The analysis indicated high reliability (Cronbach's α=0.85) and test–retest reliability (ICC=0.89). Validation scales included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Distress–Thermometer (DT), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). Convergent validity was highest for the HADS total score (r=0.74) and the lowest correlation for KPS (r=−0.36). The QSC‐R10 significantly distinguished subgroups by their clinical characteristics (metastases, illness duration, previous psychiatric treatment and psycho‐oncological support; p<0.001). A cutoff score of >14 demonstrated good sensitivity (81.0%) and specificity (73.2%) and is suitable to determine the need for psychosocial support.Conclusion: The QSC‐R10 is a valid and reliable questionnaire to detect distress in cancer patients with high acceptance among professionals and patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure studies of the perovskite oxides La1−xCexMnO3 from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Lin , Cheng Taimin , Wei Guozhu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCe‐doped LaMnO3 has complicated physical properties, such as unclear valence states of Ce and Mn ions, ferromagnetism–paramagnetism and metal‐insulator transitions, and multiphase coexistence. To explore the ground‐state properties of single‐phase La1−xCexMnO3 and obtain better understanding of the complicated physical properties of the multiphase system, the electronic and magnetic structures of La1−xCexMnO3 are investigated by using the first principle calculations. The results show that single phase La1−xCexMnO3 is neither a hole‐doped nor an electron‐doped compound. The valence states of Ce and Mn ions are predicted to be trivalent in an ionic picture. Trivalent Mn ions energetically favor an A‐type antiferromagnetic ordering and insulating band structure. In comparison with the experimental studies, it is concluded that overoxygenation and multiphase coexistence in experiments switch the ground state from an antiferromagnetic insulator to a ferromagnetic half‐metal.
Controlled electron transport in coupled Aharonov–Bohm rings
Authors: Jana Supriya , Chakrabarti Arunava 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe propose a simple model of two coupled mesoscopic rings threaded by magnetic flux which mimics a device for electron transmission in a controlled fashion. Within a tight binding formalism, we work out exactly the conditions when a completely ballistic transmission can be triggered at any desired position of the Fermi level within a continuous range of energy. The switching action can be easily controlled by appropriately tuning the values of the flux through the two rings. The general transmission across the ring system displays interesting features characterized by the appearance and collapse of Fano resonances, and the suppression of the Aharonov–Bohm oscillations in several cases. We report and analyze exact analytical results for a few such cases.
Trends and issues in delivery of integrated catchment scale river restoration: Lessons learned from a national river restoration survey within Scotland
Authors: Gilvear David J. , Casas‐Mulet Roser , Spray Chris J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper provides data on the changing character of river restoration within one country within a single policy and legislative framework. The information gathered was based on web searches, meetings and questionnaire responses with organizations and individuals working as environmental policy developers, stakeholders and practitioners of catchment management and river restoration. The paper utilizes this information to explore generic issues promoting and constraining a move to integrated catchment scale river restoration. Catchment scale river restoration was defined as ‘any river restoration activity that singly, or in combination, restores natural catchment processes and a naturally functioning ecosystem and brings benefit or environmental services to the whole catchment and not just to the site of restoration’.The river restoration project data compiled showed that the number of projects in Scotland is on a strong upward trajectory, but the number of catchment scale projects is still limited. The data also showed a trend towards a range of underpinning reasons for river restoration. Traditionally the reasons for river restoration in Scotland have been strongly fisheries focussed, with another key driver being biodiversity conservation. Sustainable flood management and climate change adaptation are seen as emerging drivers of river restoration. In terms of the individuals interviewed, most appreciated that river restoration can bring about multiple benefits and should be underpinned by a good understanding of catchment processes.Our overall assertion based on our study is that unless there is a fundamental paradigm shift, a change in the nature and level of funding for river restoration and a single organization is given overall authority to direct river restoration. ‘business as usual’ will continue and the benefits of catchment scale river restoration will be limited. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of Copper(I) Halides CuCl, CuI with Double Alkoxides MAl(iOPr)4 (M = Na, K)
Authors: Tomar Nobel , Ghanti Epsita , Nagarajan Rajamani 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneous reaction between CuX (X = Cl–, I–) with alkali metal double alkoxides MAl(iOPr)4 (M = Na, K) for the synthesis of CuI containing single source precursor has been studied. The orange colored precursor obtained showed strong absorption in the UV region (235 nm) and photo luminescence emission band at 450 nm, which evidenced the formation of an adduct between the reactants. Controlled hydrolysis and decomposition of the gel yielded delafossite structured CuAlO2 along with some CuO.
Rare Earth Metal Complexes Supported by Ancillary Imidazolin‐2‐iminato Ligands
Authors: Trambitas Alexandra G. , Panda Tarun K. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of imidazolin‐2‐iminato ligands towards rare earth metal atoms is reviewed. The structural characterization of a large number of mono‐, bis‐ and tris(imidazolin‐2‐iminato) complexes – in most cases scandium, yttrium, gadolinium, and lutetium complexes – reveals almost exclusively the formation of mononuclear complexes with very short metal–nitrogen bonds, which confirms the ability of imidazolin‐2‐iminato ligands to efficiently act as imido‐type 2σ,4π‐electron donors. In particular, mono(imidazolin‐2‐iminato) metal dichlorides proved to be excellent starting materials for the introduction of alkyl, amido, cyclopentadienyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, and carboranyl ligands and also for the preparation of efficient pre‐catalysts for ring‐opening, hydroamination and hydrosilylation reactions, which allow to establish imidazolin‐2‐iminato ligands as novel valuable members of the growing family of ancillary ligands in organo rare earth metal and organolanthanide chemistry. In addition, the coordination chemistry of several imidazolin‐2‐imine‐hybrid ligands such as cyclopentadienyl‐imine and pincer‐type diimine ligands is described, and the structural characterization of the resulting complexes indicates that also neutral imidazolin‐2‐imines act as strong amido‐type donor ligands towards rare earth metal ions.
Bis(1,3‐dinitratoprop‐2‐yl) Nitramine, a New Sensitive Explosive Combining a Nitrate Ester with a Nitramine
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Steemann F. Xaver , Umland Klaus‐Daniel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitro functionalized compounds comprise a large substance class and are the most popular explosive materials. Recent research furnished a solid energetic nitrate ester of potential interest. This work is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of novel aliphatic nitramine compounds with similar features.