bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double sample preconcentration by in‐line coupled large volume single drop microextraction and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Liang Guodong , Choi Kihwan , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSingle drop microextraction (SDME) is a convenient and powerful preconcentration method for CE before injection. By simple combination of sample‐handling sequences without modification of the CE apparatus, a drop of an aqueous acceptor phase covered with a thin organic layer was formed at the tip of a capillary; 10 min SDME of fluorescein and 6‐carboxyfluorescein from a donor phase of pH 1 to an acceptor phase of pH 9 provided 110‐fold enrichments without stirring the donor phase. To improve the concentration effect further, SDME was coupled with an on‐line (after injection) sample preconcentration method, sweeping, in which analytes in a long sample zone are accumulated at the boundary of a pseudostationary phase penetrating into the sample zone. It is thus necessary to inject a sample of much larger volume than that of a drop in typical SDME. A Teflon sleeve over the capillary inlet allowed a large volume drop to be held stably during extraction. By in‐line coupling 10 min SDME and sweeping of a 30 nL sample using a cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium, enrichment factors of the double preconcentration were increased up to 32 000.
Suppressing white‐noise in partial discharge measurements—part 1: construction of complex Daubechies wavelet and complex threshold
Authors: Xie Yanbin , Tang Ju , Zhou Qian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOnline partial discharge (PD) detection still remains a very challenging task because of the strong electromagnetic interferences. In this paper, a new method of de‐noising, using complex Daubechies wavelet (CDW) transform, has been proposed. It is a relatively recent enhancement to the real‐valued wavelet transform because of two important properties, which are nearly shift invariant and availability of phase information. Those properties give CDW transform superiority over other real‐valued wavelet transform. On the basis of CDW transform, complex threshold algorithm and combined information are devised. In order to take into account the difference of the real part and imaginary part of complex wavelet coefficients, complex threshold is devised to modify the real part and imaginary part respectively. Because the restored signal by inverse CDW transform is complex one, combined information is devised to combine the real part and imaginary part of complex signal to construct a real one, furthermore making full use of the simple information from complex signal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home patients with dementia
Authors: Zuidema Sytse U. , de Jonghe Jos F. M. , Verhey Frans R. J. , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to estimate the influence of environmental correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home patients with dementia.Methods1289 patients in 56 Dementia Special Care Units (SCUs) in the Netherlands were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Nursing Home version (NPI–NH) and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). Potential correlates of the neuropsychiatric symptoms studied were gender and age of the patient, dementia severity, psychoactive medication use and environmental correlates such as the number of patients per unit or per living room, staff size/patient ratio, time spent on care activities and presence of a walking circuit. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contribution of the different factors in explaining neuropsychiatric symptoms variability.ResultsThe prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms differed between SCUs, also after correcting for patient factors. Patient‐related factors explained 7–21% of the total variance of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Intra Class Correlation (the correlation of symptoms of patients within SCUs) ranged from 0.039 (psychosis) to 0.163 (apathy). The variance in SCU symptom prevalence (variance between SCUs) accounted for 3.5–14.8% of the total variance in neuropsychiatric symptoms. In SCUs of which the staff spent more time on care activities did the patients show lower levels of apathy. Other environmental correlates did not predict neuropsychiatric symptoms.ConclusionThe substantial variation of prevalence rates between SCUs in combination with the clustering of symptoms within SCUs is strong evidence for the environmental contribution to neuropsychiatric symptoms and the multifactorial nature of behaviour in dementia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary care physicians' attitudes towards cognitive screening: findings from a national postal survey
Authors: Iracleous Panayiotis , Nie Jason Xin , Tracy C. Shawn , Moineddin Rahim , Ismail Zahinoor , Shulman Kenneth I. , Upshur Ross E. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this paper are: (a) to determine Canadian family physicians' attitudes towards cognitive screening, (b) to identify what cognitive screening tools are being used, (c) to investigate how they rate these tools' effectiveness and (d) to identify the attributes of an ideal cognitive screening tool for the primary care setting.MethodPostal survey questionnaire of a random sample of 249 practicing members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada.ResultsResponse rate was 52%. The majority of physicians ‘Agreed’ or ‘Strongly Agreed’ that cognitive impairment assessment is important in primary care (89%), and ‘Disagreed’ or ‘Strongly Disagreed’ that it should be left to specialists (92%). However, 35% were undecided when asked if assessment in primary care would lead to better outcomes. The most frequently used assessment tools were Mini–Mental Status Exam (MMSE), Clock Drawing, Delayed Word Recall, Standardized MMSE and Alternating Sequences, but were mainly rated as only ‘Good’ in terms of perceived effectiveness. Validity/accuracy was identified as the top attribute of an ideal screening tool. Female physicians were more likely to have a positive attitude towards cognitive assessment. Younger physicians, those in group practices, or those with either ≤ 20% or 61–80% of elderly patients in their practice indicated a shorter ideal time to administer a cognitive screening tool.ConclusionDespite general agreement that primary care physicians have an important role in cognitive screening, there is less agreement that it leads to better outcomes. The development of a superior screening tool to be used in the primary care setting is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of integrated interventions combining psychiatric care and nursing home care for nursing home residents: a review of the literature
Authors: Collet Janine , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Verhey Frans R. J. , Schols Jos M. G. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundNursing home residents needing both psychiatric care and nursing home care for either somatic illness or dementia combined with psychiatric disorders or severe behavioural problems are referred to as Double Care Demanding patients, or DCD patients. Integrated models of care seem to be necessary in order to improve the well‐being of these residents.ObjectivesTwo research questions were addressed. First, which integrated interventions combining both psychiatric care and nursing home care in DCD nursing home residents are described in the research literature? And second, which outcomes of integrated interventions combining both psychiatric care and nursing home care in DCD nursing home residents are reported in the literature?MethodA critical review of studies was done that involved integrated interventions combining both psychiatric care and nursing home care on psychiatric disorders and severe behavioural problems in nursing home patients. A systematic literature search was performed in a number of international databases.ResultsEight intervention trials, including four RCTs (2b level of evidence), were identified as relevant studies for the purpose of this review. Seven studies, three of which were RCTs, showed beneficial effects of a comprehensive, integrated multidisciplinary approach combining medical, psychiatric and nursing interventions on severe behavioural problems in DCD nursing home patients.ConclusionsImportant elements of a successful treatment strategy for DCD nursing home patients include a thorough assessment of psychiatric, medical and environmental causes as well as programmes for teaching behavioural management skills to nurses. DCD nursing home patients were found to benefit from short‐term mental hospital admission.This review underlines the need for more rigorously designed studies to assess the effects of a comprehensive, integrated multidisciplinary approach towards DCD nursing home residents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anchor ice formation in streams: a field study
Authors: Stickler Morten , Alfredsen Knut T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn northern steep streams anchor ice is commonly observed during winter, and plays a key role when considering in‐stream conditions. The understanding, however, of the nature of anchor ice formation is less understood, in particular, under natural conditions. In the following, observations of anchor ice formation in three stream environments with different physical characteristics are presented. Results demonstrate that anchor ice not only form in riffle areas, but also in shallow and slow running stream sections. No linkage between spatial distribution of anchor ice and calculated dimensionless numbers (Froude and Reynolds number) was found. Furthermore, analyses on growth and density showed that anchor ice may be distinguished by two main types. (1) Type I: Lower density forming on top of substrata. (2) Type II: Higher density forming between the substrata filling interstitial spaces. Distribution of anchor ice Types I and II suggests a relation between intensity of turbulence expressed by the Reynolds number, growth pattern and density. As anchor ice has both physical and biological implications on in‐stream environments, findings from the present study may be of particular interest to cold region freshwater stream management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Over‐expression of pemt2 into rat hepatoma cells contributes to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway
Authors: Li Yali , Zou Wei , Yan Qiu , Xu Yuefei , Xia Quan , Tsui Zhaochun , Ma Keli 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe previously established a line of phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase 2 (pemt2) ‐stably transfected CBRH‐7919 hepatoma cells, and showed that pemt2 over‐expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. This study was aimed to further elucidate the cellular mechanisms leading to this apoptosis in these cells. Fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in pemt2 over‐expressed cells and control cells, and the location of PC synthesized by PEMT2 pathway were analyzed with lipid extraction, high‐performance thin layer chromatography, high‐performance gas chromatography (HPGC), and [3H]‐ethanolamine tracing. The effects of pemt2 over‐expression on the mitochondrial membrane fluidity, the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, and the activity of caspases were determined by Western blot. Newly synthesized PC by PEMT2 contained more acyl groups of oleic acid (P < 0.01) and was mainly located in mitochondria; pemt2 over‐expression increased the mitochondrial membrane fluidity and the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytoplasma, which in turn activated caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, the key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We demonstrated that, in rat hepatoma cells, PEMT2‐induced apoptosis proceeds through mitochondria. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(8): 846–852, 2009
A hospitalist‐run short‐stay unit: Features that predict length‐of‐stay and eventual admission to traditional inpatient services
Authors: Lucas Brian P. , Kumapley Rudolf , Mba Benjamin , Nisar Imran , Lee Kuenok , Ofori‐Ntow Samuel , Borkowsky Shane , Asmar Abdo , Lewis Trevor , Bienias Julia L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Short‐stay units (SSUs) provide an alternative to traditional inpatient services for patients with short anticipated hospital stays. Yet little is known about which patient types predict SSU success.OBJECTIVE:To describe patients admitted to our hospitalist‐run SSU and explore predictors of length‐of‐stay (LOS) and eventual admission to traditional inpatient services.DESIGN:Prospective observational cohort study.SETTING:Large public teaching hospital.PATIENTS:Consecutive admissions (n = 755) to the SSU over 4 months.INTERVENTION:Hospitalist attending physicians prospectively collected data from patients' histories, physical exams, and medical records upon admission and discharge.MEASUREMENTS:Risk assessments were made for patients with our most common provisional diagnoses: possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart failure. Patient stays were considered successful when LOS was less than 72 hours and eventual admission to traditional inpatient services was not required.RESULTS:Of 738 eligible patients, 79% (n = 582) had successful SSU stays. In a multivariable model, the provisional diagnosis of heart failure predicted stays longer than 72 hours (P = 0.007) but risk assessments were unimportant. Patients who received specialty consultations were most likely to need eventual admission (odds ratio [OR], 13.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9‐24.9), and the likelihood of long stays was inversely proportional to the accessibility of diagnostic tests.CONCLUSIONS:In our hospitalist‐run SSU, the inaccessibility of diagnostic tests and the need for specialty consultations were the most important predictors of unsuccessful stays. Designs for other SSUs that care for mostly low‐risk patients should focus on matching patients' diagnostic and consultative needs with readily accessible services. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:276–284. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A case of simultaneous pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction secondary to a previously undiagnosed patent foramen ovale
Authors: Budavari Adriane I. , Glenn Tyler J. , Will Kristen K. , Askew John W. , Fortuin F. David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe describe a 79‐year‐old male with recurrent high‐grade liposarcoma who developed postoperative chest pain, dyspnea, and hypoxia suspicious for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, electrocardiogram (ECG) was suggestive of an acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Heparin was initiated and emergent coronary angiography was performed, which demonstrated a “cutoff sign” in the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) consistent with coronary embolism. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) and bilateral pulmonary emboli were subsequently identified. It was concluded that the patient had suffered an acute PE, with a portion of clot traversing the PFO and entering the LAD, resulting in a simultaneous acute ST‐elevation MI. While the case described is rare, the underlying anatomical variant is common and may have practical significance. We discuss the literature regarding PFO with acute PE and paradoxical emboli. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E5–E9. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A quantitative GC‐MS method for three major polyamines in postmortem brain cortex
Authors: Chen Gary G. , Turecki Gustavo , Mamer Orval A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA quantitative method for putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) in homogenized postmortem human brain tissue is described that employs a novel, simple and rapid extractive derivatization with ethylchloroformate and trifluoroacetylation. These amines are metabolites of ornithine and are metabolically interconvertible in mammals. The method was developed to support an ongoing epidemiological study correlating these amines with the frequency of suicide. The isolation methodology is robust and requires less work and time than many previous methods. Analysis is by conventional electron ionization GC‐MS with selected ion monitoring using a stable isotope‐labeled analog for PUT and a chemical analog for SPD and SPM as internal standards. The time required for chromatographic analysis, about 20 min, is determined by the wide range of the relative volatilities of the derivatized polyamines. The method allows the quantitation of PUT down to 10 ng/g and SPD and SPM down to 100 and 1000 ng/g, respectively of wet tissue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putative heterotopic ossification progenitor cells derived from traumatized muscle
Authors: Jackson Wesley M. , Aragon Amber B. , Bulken‐Hoover Jamie D. , Nesti Leon J. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication following combat‐related trauma, but the pathogenesis of traumatic HO is poorly understood. Building on our recent identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in traumatically injured muscle, the goal of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of the MPCs in order to assess the role of these cells in HO formation. Compared to bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a well‐characterized population of osteoprogenitor cells, the MPCs exhibited several significant differences during osteogenic differentiation and in the expression of genes related to osteogenesis. Upon osteogenic induction, MPCs showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity, production of a mineralized matrix, and up‐regulated expression of the osteoblast‐associated genes CBFA1 and alkaline phosphatase. However, MPCs did not appear to reach terminal differentiation as the expression of osteocalcin was not substantially up‐regulated. With the exception of a few genes, the osteogenic gene expression profile of traumatized muscle‐derived MPCs was comparable to that of the MSCs after osteogenic induction. These findings indicate that traumatized muscle‐derived MPCs have the potential to function as osteoprogenitor cells when exposed to the appropriate biochemical environment and are the putative osteoprogenitor cells that initiate ectopic bone formation in HO. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1645–1651, 2009
Corroboration of mechanobiological simulations of tissue differentiation in an in vivo bone chamber using a lattice‐modeling approach
Authors: Khayyeri Hanifeh , Checa Sara , Tägil Magnus , Prendergast Patrick J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is well established that the mechanical environment modulates tissue differentiation, and a number of mechanoregulatory theories for describing the process have been proposed. In this study, simulations of an in vivo bone chamber experiment were performed that allowed direct comparison with experimental data. A mechanoregulation theory for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation based on a combination of fluid flow and shear strain (computed using finite element analysis) was implemented to predict tissue differentiation inside mechanically controlled bone chambers inserted into rat tibae. To simulate cell activity, a lattice approach with stochastic cell migration, proliferation, and selected differentiation was adopted; because of its stochastic nature, each run of the simulation gave a somewhat different result. Simulations predicted the load‐dependency of the tissue differentiation inside the chamber and a qualitative agreement with histological data; however, the full variability found between specimens in the experiment could not be predicted by the mechanoregulation algorithm. This result raises the question whether tissue differentiation predictions can be linked to genetic variability in animal populations. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1659–1666, 2009
Relative importance of gait vs. joint positioning on hip contact forces after total hip replacement
Authors: Foucher Kharma C. , Hurwitz Debra E. , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractImplant loosening is a common indication for total hip replacement (THR) revision. High contact forces and implant twisting moments are thought to be associated with implant loosening. Relationships between joint positioning and hip forces, or outcomes, have been investigated through in vivo and in vitro modalities. Relationships between hip forces and gait are less understood, despite repeated findings that gait following a THR does not fully return to normal. We tested the hypothesis that gait parameters would be better predictors of implant force (peak contact forces and peak twisting moment during walking) than joint positioning parameters. Subjects underwent gait analysis, hip force modeling, and measurement of clinical radiographs 1 year after successful THR surgery. Gait parameters were consistently more influential in determining hip forces. Alone, gait explained as much as 67% of the variation in force, compared to a maximum of 33% by joint geometry. Combinations of gait and joint positioning parameters together explained up to 86% of the variation in hip force parameters. Results suggest that gait may provide a valuable postoperatively modifiable target to improve hip loads and potentially reduce the risk for implant loosening. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1576–1582, 2009
Construction of phase diagram up to 2 GPa and 200°C for thermo‐reversible gel lubricants by diamond anvil cell
Authors: Ohno Nobuyoshi , Mia Sobahan , Tateishi Kenji , Morita Shigeki , Shitara Yuji 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe objective of this research was to make the phase diagram up to 2.0 GPa and 200°C of thermo‐reversible gel lubricants (TR Gel‐Lube) using diamond anvil cell (DAC). TR Gel‐Lube consisted of base fluid and gelling agent. The most important characteristic of TR Gel‐Lube is the reversible change of its physical state. The DAC is able to concerning visual observation of the sol/gel and liquid/viscoelastic–solid transition at high pressure and high temperature. DAC enables the visual observation of the photoelastic effect in order to generate local principal stress difference under the compression field for liquid/viscoelastic‐solid transition of base oil poly‐α‐olefin. The direct observation for sol/gel transition of TR Gel‐Lube at high pressure was also made possible. The phase diagram corresponding to transition from liquid to viscoelastic solid for base oil poly‐α‐olefin and sol to gel for TR Gel‐Lube was made by using DAC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.