bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severely overweight children and dietary changes – a family perspective
Authors: Lorentzen Vibeke , Dyeremose Vicki , Larsen Birte Hedegaard 
Published: September 2011

lorentzen v., dyeremose v. & larsen b.h. (2011) Severely overweight children and dietary changes – a family perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 878–887.AbstractAim.  This article is a report on a descriptive qualitative case study of the dietary change experiences of overweight children and their families.Background.  Obese children are at risk of experiencing a complicated childhood and becoming obese adults with associated ill health and premature death. The prevalence of obesity among children appears to be rising rapidly. In Europe, prevalence rates for overweight children are 10–40%, and generally this prevalence has tripled during the past 30 years.Method.  The study was conducted as a qualitative longitudinal case study on the basis of 2–3 annual interviews with four overweight Danish children, six parents and four siblings from April 2006 to September 2008. Altogether 61 interviews were conducted. In the data analysis process, a thematic, phenomenological approach was used.Findings.  The following themes were identified: the reactions and attitudes of children with the sub‐themes taking ownership of dietary changes and vulnerability reactions; and the reactions and attitudes of parents with the sub‐themes personal acceptance and support, indulgence and protection, setting limits and barriers to successful dietary change. The children were under pressure, showed signs of stigmatization and marginalization, and developed self‐protecting strategies. The parents tried to cope to the best of their ability, needed help, but felt rejected by professional key persons and authorities.Conclusions.  On the basis of the study, it was hypothesised that a prejudice‐free, individually accepting and supporting intervention must be provided for each family over time to ensure successful weight loss.
Immune‐related genes expression profile in orange‐spotted grouper during exposure to Cryptocaryon irritans
Authors: LI Y. W. , DAN X. M. , ZHANG T. W. , LUO X. C. , LI A. X. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryCryptocaryon irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites of marine fish. To identify the potential role of immune‐related genes in antiparasitic immune responses in fish, we monitored the expression change of IL‐8, COX‐2, C‐type lectin and transferrin in local and systemic immune organs of orange‐spotted grouper post‐C. irritans infection. IL‐8 expression was up‐regulated during the course of infection in the skin, while COX‐2 and transferrin expression was up‐regulated in the gill. COX‐2 expression was significantly down‐regulated in the spleen (0·7–5% of its control) and head kidney (0·5–4% of its control) post‐primary infection. Transferrin expression was also down‐regulated in the spleen and head kidney from 6 h to 5 days post‐primary infection. However, C‐type lectin expression was up‐regulated in all tested organs post‐infection, with the exception of day 7 in the spleen post‐primary infection where the expression level was slightly down‐regulated (44% of its control). These results suggest that these four immune‐related genes play an important role in grouper anti‐C. irritans infection and that local immune organs as the active organs contribute more than systemic immune organs to this course.
Quantitative analysis of venation patterns of Arabidopsis leaves by supervised image analysis
Authors: Dhondt Stijn , Van Haerenborgh Dirk , Van Cauwenbergh Caroline , Merks Roeland M. H. , Philips Wilfried , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Inzé Dirk 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe study of transgenic Arabidopsis lines with altered vascular patterns has revealed key players in the venation process, but details of the vascularization process are still unclear, partly because most lines have only been assessed qualitatively. Therefore, quantitative analyses are required to identify subtle perturbations in the pattern and to test dynamic modeling hypotheses using biological measurements. We developed an online framework, designated Leaf Image Analysis Interface (LIMANI), in which venation patterns are automatically segmented and measured on dark‐field images. Image segmentation may be manually corrected through use of an interactive interface, allowing supervision and rectification steps in the automated image analysis pipeline and ensuring high‐fidelity analysis. This online approach is advantageous for the user in terms of installation, software updates, computer load and data storage. The framework was used to study vascular differentiation during leaf development and to analyze the venation pattern in transgenic lines with contrasting cellular and leaf size traits. The results show the evolution of vascular traits during leaf development, suggest a self‐organizing mechanism for leaf venation patterning, and reveal a tight balance between the number of end‐points and branching points within the leaf vascular network that does not depend on the leaf developmental stage and cellular content, but on the leaf position on the rosette. These findings indicate that development of LIMANI improves understanding of the interaction between vascular patterning and leaf growth.
Intact parathyroid hormone levels in renal transplant patients with normal transplant function
Authors: Bleskestad Inger H. , Bergrem Harald , Leivestad Torbjørn , Gøransson Lasse G. 
Published: September 2011

Bleskestad IH, Bergrem H, Leivestad T, Gøransson LG. Intact parathyroid hormone levels in renal transplant patients with normal transplant function. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E566–E570. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction:  Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) is common in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. There is limited information on the extent to which patients with normal renal function after transplantation have persistent disturbances in their mineral metabolism.Aim:  The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels at least one yr after transplantation in patients living with a first renal transplant with normal transplant function.Methods:  A retrospective, observational study of 607 patients was collected from the Norwegian Renal Registry. Of these, iPTH was recorded for 360 patients.Results:  One hundred and eighty‐eight patients (52%) had elevated iPTH levels. Twenty‐six patients (7%) had iPTH levels >2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Patients with a pre‐emptive transplant were significantly younger than the patients who had received treatment with dialysis (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of iPTH > ULN was significantly higher in patients with a pre‐emptive transplant (p = 0.037).Conclusions:  In post‐transplant patients with normal transplant function, our data indicate that more than 50% have elevated levels of iPTH more than one yr after transplantation. If elevated iPTH level is associated with mortality in this patient population, it may have major impact on clinical treatment guidelines.
The role of ultrasonography in determining central venous patency in patients undergoing bowel transplantation
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro , Matsusaki Takashi , Abu‐Elmagd Kareem , Amesur Nikhil , Thaete F. Leland , Zak Marsha F. , Aggarwal Shushma 
Published: September 2011

Sakai T, Matsusaki T, Abu‐Elmagd K, Amesur N, Thaete FL, Zak MF, Aggarwal S. The role of ultrasonography in determining central venous patency in patients undergoing bowel transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: E78–E83.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Ultrasonography (US) is an attractive alternative for invasive studies to evaluate venous patency. However, little data exist concerning the usefulness of US in patients undergoing bowel transplantation. Twenty‐five adult patients with bowel transplantation were retrospectively identified with both US and contrast venography (VG) performed preoperatively. The median age was 43 yr, and the median duration of total parenteral nutrition was 36 months. The vessels were evaluated as positive with ≥50% stenosis. Among the internal jugular veins and the subclavian veins examined with US (96% of the all sites) and with VG (69%), 66 venous sites were available for comparison. VG confirmed positive in 42% (28/66), while US found positive in 27% (18/66); US had three false positives and 13 false negatives, giving the sensitivity of 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34–72) and the specificity of 92% (CI, 77–98). The positive and the negative likelihood ratios weighted by prevalence (42%) were 5 (CI, 1.7–14.3) and 0.37 (CI, 0.23–0.60), respectively. In addition, VG confirmed stenosis in 32% of the right and 50% of the left brachiocephalic veins and 41% of the superior vena cava. US is not a reliable method for assessing the upper body venous system of patients undergoing bowel transplantation.
Successful treatment of Trichosporon fungemia in a patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia using voriconazole combined with liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: Hosokawa K. , Yamazaki H. , Mochizuki K. , Ohata K. , Ishiyama K. , Hayashi T. , Kondo Y. , Sugimori N. , Okumura H. , Takami A. , Nakao S. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:Trichosporon fungemia is a rare and fatal fungal infection that occurs in patients with prolonged neutropenia associated with hematologic malignancies. A 21‐year‐old male developed Trichosporon fungemia during remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although two courses of induction therapy failed to induce a remission of AML, combination therapy with voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) followed by monocyte colony‐stimulating factor ameliorated the Trichosporon fungemia and enabled the patient to receive reduced‐intensity bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his human leukocyte antigen‐A one‐locus mismatched mother. The patient achieved a durable remission after BMT without exacerbation of Trichosporon fungemia. The combination therapy with voriconazole and L‐AmB may therefore be useful in controlling Trichosporon fungemia associated with prolonged neutropenia after remission induction therapy for AML.
A comparison of fentanyl with tramadol during propofol‐based deep sedation for pediatric upper endoscopy
Authors: Bedirli Nurdan , Egritas Odul , Cosarcan Kaan , Bozkirli Fusun 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAim:  This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of tramadol with those of fentanyl and to evaluate the impact of age in pediatric patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE).Methods:  Eighty patients with ASA I‐II, aged 1–16 years, undergoing UGIE were included in this study. Baseline anesthesia was maintained with 1 mg·kg−1 propofol, and then, the patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 μg·kg−1 fentanyl (group F, n = 40) or 2 mg·kg−1 tramadol (group T, n = 40). Additional propofol, 0.5–1 mg·kg−1, was administered when needed. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and sedation scores were recorded at baseline, induction, and every 5 min. Endoscopy duration, recovery time, and adverse effects were recorded. The data were separated for subgroup analyses based on the age of 0–2, 2–12, and over 12 years.Results:  Fentanyl significantly decreased the saturation at induction, 5th min and 10th min in patients of 0–2 years; at 5th and 10th min in 2–12 years; and at 5th min in >12 years. In all age subgroups, sedation scores at 10th, 15th, and 20th min, the overall frequency of adverse effects, and the recovery time were significantly lower in group T compared with group F.Conclusion:  Tramadol in pediatric patients undergoing UGIE provided sedation as efficient as fentanyl with a better hemodynamic and respiratory stability and provided a superior safety and tolerance in younger children.
Fluctuations in incubation temperature affect incubation duration but not morphology, locomotion and growth of hatchlings in the sand lizard Lacerta agilis (Lacertidae)
Authors: Li Hong , Zhou Zong‐Shi , Ding Guo‐Hua , Ji Xiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLi, H., Zhou, Z.‐S., Ding, G.‐H. and Ji, X. 2011. Fluctuations in incubation temperature affect incubation duration but not morphology, locomotion and growth of hatchlings in the sand lizard Lacerta agilis (Lacertidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00: 1–8.Studies looking for potential effects of temperature and temperature fluctuations on phenotypic traits of reptile hatchlings have shown species variation, but have not always allowed a distinction between effects of fluctuation per se and temperature extremes themselves. To examine whether incubation temperature fluctuation has a key role in influencing the phenotype of offspring, we incubated eggs of the sand lizard Lacerta agilis at one of the four temperature regimes (27, 27 ± 2, 27 ± 4 and 27 ± 6 °C). We found that: (1) hatchlings incubated under the four temperature regimes did not differ from each other in any of the morphological and physiological traits examined; (2) interactions that included temperature treatment did not affect any trait examined; (3) the mean incubation length was longer in the 27 ± 6 °C treatment than in the other three treatments; and (4) female hatchlings were shorter in head length and width but longer in snout‐vent length as well as abdomen length than males derived from the same‐sized egg. Our data show that both the type and the magnitude of temperature variation can affect incubation length. We found no evidence for phenotypic divergence in responses to temperature fluctuations during incubation and therefore suggest that temperature variation does not affect the phenotype of hatchlings in L. agilis.
An empirical approach to evaluating the validity of alternative low‐risk drinking guidelines
Authors: DAWSON DEBORAH A. , SMITH SHARON M. , PICKERING ROGER P. , GRANT BRIDGET F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.This paper proposes an approach for evaluating the validity of alternative low‐risk drinking guidelines.Design and Methods.Twenty‐seven alternative guidelines were evaluated in terms of their ability to predict nine measures of concurrent and prospective alcohol‐related harm, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 26 438 to 12 339 depending upon outcome). Parameters compared included sensitivity, specificity, adjusted odds ratios and measures of model fit.Results.Performance varied by harm. The guidelines that best predicted concurrent alcohol‐related harm comprised daily‐only limits of 4/3 drinks for men/women, but gender‐invariant limits of 4/4 drinks also performed well. Adding weekly limits did little to improve the prediction of concurrent harm. The guidelines that best predicted prospective harm comprised daily limits of 4/4 drinks combined with weekly limits of 14 drinks for men and 7 drinks for women, with weekly limits of 14/14 drinks running second. When concurrent and incident harms were aggregated, daily‐only limits of 4/3 drinks performed nearly on a par with the combination of 14/14 drinks per week and 4/3 drinks per day.Discussion and Conclusions.This paper supported gender‐specific daily limits and suggested that optimal guidelines might take daily limits from analyses of concurrent harms and weekly limits from analyses of prospective harms. This paper illustrates a mechanism for validating the ability of low‐risk drinking guidelines to accurately predict a range of alcohol‐related harms, whereby countries could use their own data on consumption and its association with harm to evaluate their low‐risk drinking guidelines.[Dawson DA, Smith SM, Pickering RP, Grant BF. An empirical approach to evaluating the validity of alternative low‐risk drinking guidelines.Drug Alcohol Rev2012;31:141–150]
Social factors in the development of early executive functioning: a closer look at the caregiving environment
Authors: Bernier Annie , Carlson Stephanie M. , Deschênes Marie , Matte‐Gagné Célia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study investigated prospective links between quality of the early caregiving environment and children’s subsequent executive functioning (EF). Sixty‐two families were met on five occasions, allowing for assessment of maternal interactive behavior, paternal interactive behavior, and child attachment security between 1 and 2 years of age, and child EF at 2 and 3 years. The results suggested that composite scores of parental behavior and child attachment were related to child performance on EF tasks entailing strong working memory and cognitive flexibility components (conflict‐EF). In particular, child attachment security was related to conflict‐EF performance at 3 years above and beyond what was explained by a combination of all other social antecedents of child EF identified thus far: child verbal ability and prior EF, family SES, and parenting behavior. Attachment security may thus play a meaningful role in young children’s development of executive control.
TLR4‐MyD88 signalling: a molecular target for alcohol actions
Authors: Pandey Subhash C 
Published: September 2011

Several studies implicate Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in alcohol‐induced neuroinflammatory processes. The work reported by Wu et al., in this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, indicates that TLR4 along with its intracellular adaptor protein, MyD88, may play crucial roles in the acute actions of alcohol. The deletions of TLR4 or MyD88 gene or pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 by (+)‐naloxone were able to attenuate alcohol‐induced sedation, motor impairment and acute alcohol‐induced increases in IkBα protein levels in the hippocampus of mice. These results clearly suggest that TLR4‐MyD88 signalling may play a causal role in the mediation of the behavioural effects of acute alcohol.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Wu et al., pp. 1319–1329 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01572.x
“Doing Gender,” Ensuring Survival: Mexican Migration and Economic Crisis in the Rural Mountain West*
Authors: Schmalzbauer Leah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article draws on ethnographic research to explore the impacts of the current economic crisis on Mexican migrant families in rural Montana. It looks specifically at the ways rural families negotiate gender roles and expectations as they devise survival strategies in response to major economic shifts. My analysis suggests that traditional gender roles are being transgressed, as migrant women enter wage labor, often for the first time. Simultaneously, gender ideologies are being reinforced, as migrant women struggle to protect men's sense of masculinity by continuing to perform a culturally appropriate gender script. Whereas the paradoxical combination of gender transgression and tradition has been noted within urban migrant families, its dynamics are different in rural contexts. While urban migrants tend to look outward to social networks for support, rural migrants turn inward to their immediate families, strengthening family solidarities.
Biological characteristics of a cell subpopulation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Y , Han J , Lu Y , Yang X , Fan M 
Published: September 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 169–177Objectives:  To isolate the CD133+CD44+ cells from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) Tca8113 cell line and investigate biological characteristics of them.Materials and methods:  Immunomagnetic microbeads were applied to sort the CD133+CD44+ cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect isolation purity. The proliferation, clone‐formation efficiencies, invasion and migration, gene expressions, and tumor‐formation abilities were analyzed among CD133+CD44+, CD133−CD44−, and total population of cells.Results:  The average purities of CD133+ and CD44+ cells reached 97.3% and 98.7%, respectively. The proliferation of CD133+CD44+ cells was significantly higher than the other two groups. The clone‐forming efficiency of three groups was 70%, 8%, and 14%, respectively. The average invaded and migrated cell numbers of CD133+CD44+ and total population cells were 132 and 36.2, 311.6, and 156.2, respectively. The expressions of Bcl‐2 and Sox2 in CD133+CD44+ cells were significantly higher than those in total population cells. A total of 104 CD133+CD44+ cells could form secondary tumors in nude mice, while the total population group needed 106 cells.Conclusions:  The CD133+CD44+ subpopulation cells possess stem‐like characteristics. They appear to be the potential targets for future biology therapy of human TSCC.
Supermassive black holes: connecting the growth to the cosmic star formation rate
Authors: Pereira Eduardo S. , Miranda Oswaldo D. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
We present a model connecting the cosmic star formation rate (CSFR) to the growth of supermassive black holes. Considering that the evolution of the massive black hole is dominated by accretion (Soltan’s argument) and that the accretion process can be described by a probabilistic function directly regulated by the CSFR, we obtain the evolution of the black hole mass density. Then, using the quasar luminosity function, we determine both the functional form of the radiative efficiency and the evolution of the quasar duty cycle as functions of the redshift. We analyse four different CSFRs showing that the quasar duty cycle, δ(z), peaks at z∼ 8.5–11 and so within the window associated with the reionization of the Universe. In particular, δmax∼ 0.09–0.22 depending on the CSFR. The mean radiative efficiency, , peaks at z∼ 0.1–1.3 with depending on the specific CSFR used. Our results also show that it is not necessary for a supercritical Eddington accretion regime to produce the growth of the black hole seeds. The present scenario is consistent with the formation of black hole seeds ∼103 M⊙ at z∼ 20.
Rainwater Tank Households: Water Savers or Water Users?
Authors: MOY CANDICE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper provides the first published post‐installation analysis of retrofitted rainwater tanks and their effects on mains water consumption. The study aimed to determine the average mains water reductions achieved in households with recently installed rainwater tanks and compare this figure with wider community consumption. The social and cultural impacts of rainwater tank ownership were also explored to understand how rainwater is used and perceived. The results show that during the period of analysis, the drought years of 2005–2007, 7125 or 8% of Illawarra households installed a tank. Comparison of mains water consumption for two years before and after installation shows that rainwater tank households reduced their mains water consumption about the same amount (10.26%) as the wider community (10.8%). The social and cultural components reveal three main groups of households. The largest group, water users, had a desire for water autonomy and independence to continue previously enjoyed water practices that had been restricted. Among a light green group, tanks were part of a package of overtly pro‐environmental behaviours that did not necessarily change consumption patterns. A frugal group, many of whom had been raised in rural areas, were the main water savers. Perception of tank water quality was shown to be an influential determinant of how rainwater was used, particularly for connections internal to the house. This study shows that rainwater tanks have the potential to achieve significant water savings, but if water‐intensive behaviours are not modified, and rainwater tanks are not plumbed indoors, the potential of this alternative water source will not be met. Currently, rainwater tanks facilitate water users as much as water savers.