bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’adhésion à la pensée conspirationniste dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID‑19 au Québec
Authors: Morin David , Bédard Sylvain , Carignan Marie-Ève , Daxhelet Marie-Laure 
Published: June 2024

De nombreuses explications ont été proposées dans la littérature scientifique quant aux déterminants de l’adhésion au conspirationnisme, chacun faisant intervenir un assemblage de variables significativement liées à ces croyances. Ce texte souhaite dépasser les explications monocausales et contribuer à une modélisation générale de l’adhésion au conspirationnisme qui peut expliquer cette adhésion par trois vecteurs majeurs : les motifs existentiels, liés au besoin de contrôle ; les motifs épistémologiques, découlant du besoin de faire sens ; et les motifs identitaires, liés au besoin d’appartenance à un groupe et à la nécessité de défendre ce groupe contre une menace, réelle ou imaginée. Grâce aux données extraites d’une enquête quantitative menée auprès de 2000 répondants du Québec, nous évaluons la pertinence de cette proposition en mesurant la cohérence de chacun de ces vecteurs auprès de la population québécoise et la force de leur lien avec le conspirationnisme.
Clinical decision rule to predict the presence of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Steele Russell , Hudson Marie , Lo Ernest , Baron Murray ,   The Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a clinical decision rule to predict the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) and to estimate the prevalence of SSc‐ILD.MethodsPatient data were extracted from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry. Three algorithms for the clinical decision rule were considered based on lung auscultation, chest radiography (CXR), and % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC). High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were used as the gold standard to determine the diagnostic properties of the 3 algorithms. Multiple imputation was used to impute HRCT data when missing, thereby avoiding bias due to differential referral for HRCT.ResultsThis study included 1,168 patients. Of the patients with HRCT scans, 65% had evidence of ILD, compared to 26% by physical examination and 22% by CXR. The FVC of those who did not have HRCT was 8.8% greater than those who did (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 6.0–11.6%). Algorithm A, which identified the presence of ILD based on crackles on lung auscultation and/or findings on CXR, had a likelihood ratio of 3.9, compared to 3.2 for Algorithm B (which included patients with FVC <70%) and 2.2 for Algorithm C (which included patients with FVC <80%). The prevalence of ILD in the cohort was estimated to be 52% (95% CI 46–59%).ConclusionWe developed a simple clinical decision rule to predict SSc‐ILD with good test characteristics. The prevalence of ILD in a large, unselected SSc cohort was estimated to be 52%.
Distribution of finger nodes and their association with underlying radiographic features of osteoarthritis
Authors: Rees Frances , Doherty Sally , Hui Michelle , Maciewicz Rose , Muir Kenneth , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the distribution of clinically palpable hand interphalangeal (IP) nodes at each finger and thumb joint in a population with nodes, the influence of left or right hand dominance and sex on the development of nodes, and the association between nodes and underlying radiographic features of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of participants in the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study who had ≥1 Heberden's nodes or Bouchard's nodes on clinical examination. Frequencies (%) of nodes were described for each IP joint in the hand. Associations between nodes and underlying radiographic OA were shown with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for the following confounding factors: age, sex, body mass index, left or right hand dominance, hand trauma, occupation with heavy manual activity, and participation in sports.ResultsOf the 3,170 GOAL participants, 1,939 had ≥1 nodes (mean age 68 years, 54% women). The distal IP joints of the index finger were the most frequently affected, followed by the thumb IP joint. Nodes were more common in dominant hands and women. There was a significant association between nodes and underlying radiographic OA (OR range 2.26–21.23). This association was stronger for joint space narrowing than for osteophytes. A dose‐response relationship was found between clinical severity of Heberden's nodes and underlying radiographic change.ConclusionOur study supports the positive association between nodes and radiographic OA, especially narrowing, and the influence of sex and left or right hand dominance on development of nodes. In this age group, presence of nodes may be taken as an indication of underlying small joint OA.
Optimal case definitions of upper extremity disorder for use in the clinical treatment and referral of patients
Authors: Palmer Keith T. , Harris E. Clare , Linaker Cathy , Ntani Georgia , Cooper Cyrus , Coggon David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveExperts disagree about the optimal classification of upper extremity disorders. To explore whether differential response to treatments offers a basis for choosing between case definitions, we analyzed previously published research.MethodsWe screened 183 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments for upper extremity disorders identified from the bibliographies of 10 Cochrane reviews and 4 other systematic reviews, and a search in Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to June 2010. From these, we selected RCTs that allowed estimates of benefit (expressed as relative risks [RRs]) for >1 case definition to be compared when other variables (treatment, comparison group, followup time, outcome measure) were effectively held constant. Comparisons of RRs for paired case definitions were summarized by their ratios, with the RR for the simpler and broader definition as the denominator.ResultsTwo RCT reports allowed within‐trial comparison of RRs and 13 others allowed between‐trial comparisons. Together these provided 17 ratios of RRs (5 for shoulder treatments, 12 for elbow treatments, and none for wrist/hand treatments). The median ratio of RRs was 1.0 (range 0.3–1.7, interquartile range 0.6–1.3).ConclusionAlthough the evidence base is limited, our findings suggest that for musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder and elbow, clinicians in primary care will often do best to apply simpler and broader case definitions. Researchers should routinely publish secondary analyses for subgroups of patients by different diagnostic features at trial entry to expand the evidence base on optimal case definitions for patient management.
Galvanostatic Anodic Polarization Curves and Galvanic Corrosion of AZ31B in 0.01 M Na2SO4 Saturated with Mg(OH)2
Authors: Shi Zhiming , Jia Jimmy Xueshan , Atrens Andrej 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMeasured polarization curves were used in a BEM model of the galvanic corrosion of the Mg alloy AZ31B. The AZ31B galvanostatic anodic polarization curves indicated: (i) the existence of the uni‐positive Mg+ ion, (ii) some hydrogen dissolved in the AZ31B metal, and (iii) self corrosion was more important than the applied current density in causing weight loss. Galvanic corrosion of the AZ31B consisted of: (i) corrosion that decreased in depth from the 2024–AZ31B interface, and (ii) heterogeneous corrosion that was denser closer to the 2024–AZ31B interface. There was good agreement between the BEM model and the experimental measurements.
Reactions in solid particles—A reappraisal of models
Authors: Shashidhara Reddy Kancharla , Suresh Akkihebbal K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractModels such as the Ishida–Wen, or even more commonly the shrinking core models (Ginstling–Brounshtein being an important example), have long been used in the analyses of reactions in particles, particularly in solid–solid systems. There have been a few analyses of the validity of the assumptions made in these models, but to date, no comparison has been undertaken of these models against a general model to delineate their regions of applicability in the parameter space. In this article, we present a general unsteady‐state model that subsumes the earlier models as special cases. Nondimensionalization leads to the identification of two governing parameters in the model, a diffusion‐reaction parameter, and a relative abundance parameter. By solving the general model and comparing the solutions with those of the approximate models in the parameter space, conditions under which the approximate models apply, and the errors that result from their application in other situations, have been identified. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3161–3166, 2012
PLA2G6 mutations in PARK14‐linked young‐onset parkinsonism and sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lu Chin‐Song , Lai Szu‐Chia , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Weng Yi‐Hsin , Huang Chia‐Ling , Chen Rou‐Shayn , Chang Hsiu‐Chen , Wu‐Chou Yah‐Huei , Yeh Tu‐Hsueh 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMutations of PLA2G6 gene have been lately proposed to be the causative gene for PARK14 in patients with autosomal recessive young‐onset parkinsonism (YOPD). The role of PLA2G6 mutations as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease is not clear. To study the PLA2G6 mutations in PARK14‐linked patients and its association with the onset of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD), sequencing and gene dosage analyses were carried out in 25 patients (onset age ≦30 years) then the identified variants were assessed in 956 sporadic PD (sPD) patients and 802 age‐matched healthy controls. Four genetic variants were identified; one patient had homozygous c.991G > T (p.Asp331Tyr) mutation, two had compound heterozygous c.991G > T/c.1077G > A (p.Met358IlefsX) mutation, one had single c.1976A > G (p.Asn659Ser) mutation, and one patient had an exon 1 hetero‐deletion. The c.1077G > A mutation resulted in a 4‐bp deletion in leukocyte mRNA by activating a cryptic splice site in exon 7. Only p.Asp331Tyr was identified in four sPD patients and four controls. The onset age for PLA2G6 mutation carriers was younger than that for sPD (29.86 ± 8.59 vs. 56.84 ± 11.33 years, P = 0.0002). The analysis of previously reported PARK14 patients revealed that those who carried a truncated mutation tended to have a complicated phenotype and atrophies of cortex and cerebellum. In conclusion, PLA2G6 mutation was the second common genetic cause after PRKN mutation in our YOPD patients and might be a risk factor for early‐onset PD in Han Chinese. Additionally, mutation data should be interpreted carefully because even a synonymous mutation could cause abnormal mRNA splicing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperbranched polyurethane‐urea‐imide/o‐clay‐silica hybrids: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Mishra Aswini K , Narayan Ramanuj , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. , Pradhan S. K. , Raju K. V. S. N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHyperbranched polyurethane‐urea‐imide/o‐clay‐silica (HBPUI/o‐clay‐silica) hybrid coatings were prepared using organically modified clay (o‐clay) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide (TBHPB) cationic surfactants and were further surface‐grafted by 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APTMS). Hybrid polyesters were prepared by incorporating into the first generation hyperbranched polyester polyol (HBP‐G1) at various concentrations. The NCO‐terminated hybrid prepolymers and chain extensions were achieved by imide chain extender. The modified clays were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Viscoelastic, thermomechanical, and surface topology studies were performed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), universal testing machine (UTM), atomic force microscopic (AFM), and contact angle measurements. TGA and DMTA indicated higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of TBHPB‐modified hybrid coatings compared with the CTAB counterparts, which increased with increasing silane‐modified o‐clay content. Water contact angle suggested increasing hydrophobicity of higher silane‐modified o‐clay containing coatings, while AFM confirmed the dispersibility of silane‐modified o‐clay into polymer matrix; the extent of dispersion increased with increasing silane‐modified o‐clay content in the hybrid formulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Study of the thermal and mechanical properties of blown films of high‐ and low‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen , Yousefi Ali Akbar , Ehsani Morteza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe miscibility of the blown film of low‐ and high‐density polyethylene blends and its implications on melting, crystallization, and mechanical behavior throughout the full composition range and the possible role of blending on the miscibility of the binary pair system have been investigated. Using differential scanning calorimetry it was inferred that the films of blends in solid state are miscible in HDPE‐rich compositions, partially miscible at 95% LDPE and completely immiscible at other compositions. The thermal analysis revealed that blending has insignificant effect on lamella thickness of LDPE phase but strong influence on the lamella thickness of HDPE phase. Moreover, analysis of crystallization exotherms was also discussed. XRD measurements also revealed qualitatively similar trend in crystallinity and lamella thickness to DSC results. Measurements on tensile properties in the machine direction of the films showed both positive and negative deviation from linear additivity and improvement of the mechanical properties was found in the film blends containing low amount of LDPE. Especially the strain at break and tensile strength for the film of 5% LDPE blend was higher than that of neat HDPE, which suggests synergistic effects. This supports its larger lamella thickness and better miscibility. Nonetheless, there was negative deviation from the additivity rule in the entire range of composition for the mechanical properties in the transverse direction of the films. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Melt viscoelasticity, electrical conductivity, and crystallization of PVDF/MWCNT composites: Effect of the dispersion of MWCNTs
Authors: Ke Kai , Wang Yu , Zhang Kai , Luo Yong , Yang Wei , Xie Bang‐Hu , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe melt viscoelasticity, electrical conductivity, and crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites prepared by melt blending with different shear effects were examined. Rheological characterization indicated that the incorporation of MWCNTs substantially affected the viscoelastic behavior of the composites. A visible rheological network of CNTs was detected in the composites with relatively high content of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity of the composites differed substantially for the composites prepared with different shear effects because of the different dispersion states of the MWCNTs in the composites. The nonisothermal crystallization of the composites revealed that the samples prepared with high shear intensity and long shear time exhibited a higher crystallization peak temperature and crystallinity. Besides, the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the MWCNTs was found to be significantly dependent on the dispersion state, which dominated the crystallization even when the confinement effect of the nanotube network existed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Dynamic viscoelastic behavior of polypropylene/polybutene‐1 blends and its correlation with morphology
Authors: Ardakani Farzaneh , Jahani Yousef , Morshedian Jalil 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study the rheology, morphology, and interfacial interaction of polypropylene (PP)/polybutene‐1 (PB‐1) blends in different percentages of PB‐1 are investigated. The morphology of cryo‐fractured surfaces of samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed a droplet‐matrix structure in all range of compositions and the size of dispersed phase increased proportionally with PB‐1 content. The miscibility of blends at various compositions is evaluated by viscoelastic parameters determined by dynamic oscillation rheometry in the linear viscoelastic region. A distinct Newtonian plateau at low frequencies is observed and the variations of complex viscosity (η*) against angular frequency (ω) for all blends are in agreement with Cross model. The complex viscosity of samples at various percentages of PB‐1 showed the log‐additivity mixing rule behavior in low frequencies and positive‐negative deviation behavior (PNDB) at high shear rates. The phenomena such as decrease in the sensitivity of storage modulus to shear rate in the terminal region, the deviation of Cole–Cole plots from the semi‐circular shape, and the tail in relaxation spectrums at high relaxation times are the evidences of two phase heterogenous morphology. The effect of time–temperature on the phase behavior is studied and the interfacial tension between matrix and dispersed phase was evaluated by using emulsion theoretical models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Porous exfoliated poly(ε‐caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites: Preparation, structure, and properties
Authors: Istrate Oana M. , Chen Biqiong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPorous biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating a blowing agent into the galleries of an organoclay, followed by mixing the pretreated organoclay and PCL to give partially intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites and subsequently degrading the blowing agentin situto increase the exfoliation degree in the porous nanocomposites. The blowing agent played dual roles in the foaming process: formation of bubbles and facilitation of clay exfoliation, which were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Such porous nanocomposites possessed significantly more uniform porous structures and smaller pore sizes compared to their polymer counterparts, which were characterized by X‐ray micro computed tomography. They also exhibited increases of the thermal degradation temperature by 41°C, the compressive modulus by 152%, and the compressive stress at 10% strain by 177%. The relative modulus‐relative density relationship of the porous nanocomposites was found to follow the Mills–Zhu model for closed cells. Such porous biocompatible and biodegradable nanocomposites will find potential applications in, for example, carriers of chemicals, drugs, and medical and diagnostic devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of low‐density polyethylene inside percolating network of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Guo‐Dong , Qin Wang‐Ping , Liu Ting‐Ting , Zhu Fang‐Ming , Wu Qing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization of low‐density polyethylene inside percolating network of ZnO nanoparticles (LDPE/60 vol % ZnO) was investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and compared to that of LDPE bulk (pristine LDPE and LDPE/1.15 vol % ZnO). The results revealed that crystallization behavior of LDPE inside ZnO percolating network was quite different from that of LDPE bulk. The former showed ∼ 4°C higher crystallization onset temperatures contrasting to the latter, demonstrating nucleation effect of ZnO on LDPE crystallization. On the other hand, much longer half‐crystallization times were observed for the former, illustrating that crystallization of LDPE is retarded by the continuous ZnO network to some extent. Moreover, LDPE embedded inside ZnO network has by far larger crystallization activation energy and smaller specific free energy of the folding surface in contrast to LDPE bulk. Finally, nonisothermal crystallization kinetics study illustrated that both modified Avrami and Liu methods could be used to describe satisfactorily nonisothermal crystallization kinetics for all the samples investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Biological Plasticity in Penguin Heat‐Retention Structures
Authors: Thomas Daniel B. , Fordyce R. Ewan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInsulation and vascular heat‐retention mechanisms allow penguins to forage for a prolonged time in water that is much cooler than core body temperature. Wing‐based heat retention involves a plexus of humeral arteries and veins, which redirect heat to the body core rather than to the wing periphery. The humeral arterial plexus is described here for Eudyptes and Megadyptes, the only extant penguin genera for which wing vascular anatomy had not previously been reported. The erect‐crested (Eudyptes sclateri) and yellow‐eyed (Megadyptes antipodes) penguins both have a plexus of three humeral arteries on the ventral surface of the humerus. The wing vascular system shows little variation between erect‐crested and yellow‐eyed penguins, and is generally conserved across the six extant genera of penguins, with the exception of the humeral arterial plexus. The number of humeral arteries within the plexus demonstrates substantial variation and correlates well with wing surface area. Little penguins (Eudyptula minor) have two humeral arteries and a wing surface area of ∼ 75 cm2, whereas emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) have up to 15 humeral arteries and a wing surface area of ∼ 203 cm2. Further, the number of humeral arteries has a stronger correlation with wing surface area than with sea water temperature. We propose that thermoregulation has placed the humeral arterial plexus under a strong selection pressure, driving penguins with larger wing surface areas to compensate for heat loss by developing additional humeral arteries. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective degradation of tebuconazole in cabbage, cucumber, and soils
Authors: Wang Xinquan , Wang Xuesong , Zhang Hu , Wu Changxing , Wang Xiangyun , Xu Hao , Wang Xiaofu , Li Zhen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective degradation of tebuconazole has been investigated to elucidate the behaviors in agricultural soils, cabbage, and cucumber fruit. Rac‐tebuconazole was fortified into three types of agricultural soils and sprayed foliage of cabbage and cucumber, respectively. The degradation kinetics, enantiomer fraction and enantiomeric selectivity were determined by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) on a Lux amylose‐2 chiral column. The process of the degradation of tebuconazole enantiomers followed first‐order kinetic in the test soils and vegetables. It has been shown that the degradation of tebuconazole was enantioselective. The results indicated that the (+)‐S‐tebuconazole showed a faster degradation in cabbage, while the (−)‐R‐tebuconazole dissipated faster than (+)‐S‐form in cucumber fruit and the test soils. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.