bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal denaturation produced degenerative proteins and interfered with MS for proteins dissolved in lysis buffer in proteomic analysis
Authors: Wang Xuchu , Wang Haiyan , Wang Dan , Wang Dongyang , Han Bing , Tian Weimin , Guo Anping 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn 1‐DE, proteins were traditionally mixed with the standard Laemmli buffer and boiled for several minutes. Recently, proteins dissolved in lysis buffer were used to produce better‐resolved 2‐DE gels, but thermal denaturation procedure still remained in some proteomic analysis. To determine the detailed effects of thermal denaturation on SDS‐PAGE and MS, both 1‐DE and 2‐DE were performed using proteins heated at 100°C for different periods of time, and 17 protein bands/spots were positively identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS. Protein profiles on both 1‐DE and 2‐DE gels changed obviously and more polydisperse bands/spots were observed with increased heating time for over‐heated samples. Based on these observations, an alternative protein marker‐producing method was designed by directly dissolving protein standards without BSA into lysis buffer. This new kind of protein marker could be stored at room temperature for a long time, thus was more convenient for using and shipping. The identification of 17 proteins via MS and comparison of their identities revealed MASCOT‐searched scores, number of both matched peptides, total searched peptides and sequence coverage became progressively lower with increasing denaturation intensity, probably due to the interference of thermal denaturation on trypsin cleavage efficiency and produced redundant modified peptides. Therefore, it was concluded that thermal denaturation not only changed the protein profiles and produced more polydisperse protein bands/spots, but also heavily interfered with the subsequent MS analysis, hence not recommended in future proteomic analysis for proteins dissolved in lysis buffer.
Sweeping of neutral analytes in partial‐filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Quirino Joselito P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSweeping improved the peak intensity of neutral analytes (i.e. dialkylphthalates) more than 100‐fold without compromise to separation efficiency in partial‐filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection.
Validated primer set that prevents nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin co‐amplification: A revision based on the New Human Genome Reference Sequence (GRCh37)
Authors: Ramos Amanda , Santos Cristina , Barbena Elena , Mateiu Ligia , Alvarez Luis , Nogués Ramon , Aluja Maria Pilar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new human genome reference sequence – GRCh37 – was recently generated and made available by the Genome Reference Consortium. Since the prior disposable human reference sequence – hg18 – was previously used for the mitochondrial DNA primer BLAST validation, a revision of those previously published primer pairs is required. Thus, the aim of this Short Communication is to perform an in silico BLAST test of the published disposable nine primer pairs using the new human reference sequence and to report the pertinent modifications. The new analysis showed that one of the tested primer pairs requires a revision. Therefore, a new validated primer pair, which specifically amplifies the mitochondrial region located between positions 6520 and 9184, is presented.
Investigation of power frequency magnetic field radiation in typical high‐rise building
Authors: Leung S. W. , Chan K. H. , Fung L. C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBusway risers and power cables in high‐rise buildings normally carry a relatively large current to deliver power to different levels of the building, and this raises a concern on both the human safety issue and the performance degradation of magnetic sensitive office equipment due to the generated large magnetic field radiation. In this paper, the impact and situation of magnetic field radiations at power frequency inside high‐rise buildings is reviewed, and followed by a case study of magnetic field assessment inside a typical high‐rise building in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolutionary geometry of human anatomy: Discovering our inner fly
Authors: Held Lewis I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe human body is one still frame in a very long evolutionary movie. Anthropologists focus on the last few scenes, whereas geneticists try to trace the screenplay back as far as possible. Despite their divergent time scales (millions versus billions of years), both disciplines share a reliance on a third field of study whose scope spans only a matter of days to months, depending on the organism. Embryology is crucial for understanding both the pliability of anatomy and the modularity of gene circuitry. The relevance of human embryology to anthropology is obvious. What is not so obvious is the notion that equally useful clues about human anatomy can be gleaned by studying the development of the fruit fly, an animal as different from us structurally as it is distant from us evolutionarily. The underlying kinship between ourselves and flies has only become apparent recently, thanks to revelations from the nascent field of evolutionary developmental biology, or evo‐devo. All bilaterally symmetric animals, it turns out, share a common matrix of body axes, a common lexicon of intercellular signals, and a common arsenal of genetic gadgetry that evolution has tweaked in different ways in different lineages to produce a dazzling spectrum of shapes and patterns. Anthropologists can exploit this deep commonality to search our genome more profitably for the mutations that steered us so far astray from our fellow apes.
In Vivo Evaluation of the Cross-Genotype Neutralizing Activity of Polyclonal Antibodies Against Hepatitis C Virus Δσ
Authors: Meuleman Philip , Bukh Jens , Verhoye Lieven , Farhoudi Ali , Vanwolleghem Thomas , Wang Richard Y. , Desombere Isabelle , Alter Harvey , Purcell Robert H. , Leroux-Roels Geert 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a huge challenge of global medical importance. Using a variety of

in vitro

approaches, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been identified in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C. The exact role these nAbs play in the resolution of acute HCV infection still remains elusive. We have previously shown that purified polyclonal antibodies isolated from plasma obtained in 2003 from a chronic HCV patient (Patient H) can protect human liver chimeric mice from a subsequent challenge with the autologous HCV strain isolated from Patient H in 1977 (H77). In this study we investigated whether polyclonal antibodies isolated from Patient H in 2006 (H06), which display high cross-genotype neutralizing activity in both the HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) and HCV cell culture (HCVcc) systems, were also able to prevent HCV infection of different genotypes (gt) in vivo. Following passive immunization with H06-antibodies, chimeric mice were challenged with the consensus strains H77C (gt1a), ED43 (gt4a), or HK6a (gt6a). In accordance with previous results, H06-antibodies prevented infection of chimeric mice with the autologous virus. However, the outcome of a homologous challenge is highly influenced by the amount of challenge virus injected. Depending on the viral genotype used, H06-antibodies were able to protect up to 50% of chimeric mice from a heterologous challenge. Animals in which the antibody pretreatment failed displayed a clear delay in the kinetics of viral infection. Sequence analysis of the recovered viruses did not suggest antibody-induced viral escape.

Conclusion:

Polyclonal anti-HCV antibodies isolated from a chronic HCV patient can protect against an

in vivo

challenge with different HCV genotypes. However, the

in vivo

protective efficacy of cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies was less than predicted by cell culture experiments. (Hepatology 2011)
Translation and cultural adaptation of health utilities index with application to pediatric oncology patients during neutropenia and recovery in Turkey
Authors: Boran Perran , Horsman John , Tokuc Gulnur , Furlong William , Muradoglu Pinar Uygur , Vagas Elif 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis is a report on the translation and cultural adaptation from English to Turkish languages of a standard HEALTH UTILITIES INDEX® (HUI®) questionnaire for interviewer‐administration and proxy assessment of patients' health status, and its use for assessing 50 consecutive pediatric oncology patients during periods of and subsequent recovery from neutropenia.ProcedurePreparation of the Turkish‐language questionnaire was a collaborative effort by physician‐researchers in Turkey, senior Health Utilities, Inc. staff with extensive experience in the development and translation of HUI questionnaires, and Turkish‐born residents of Canada. Standard HUI questionnaires cover both HUI Mark 2 (HUI2) and HUI Mark 3 (HUI3).ResultsThe mean improvement in overall health‐related quality of life (HRQL) scores between neutropenic and non‐neutropenic phases was clinically important according to both HUI2 and HUI3 instruments. Single‐attribute utility scores showed clinically important size improvements between phases for HUI2 mobility, emotion, and HUI2 self‐care. Significant reductions in disability rates between phases were also detected for pain (HUI2 and HUI3 rate decreases of 30%, P < 0.001) and HUI3 ambulation (rate decline of 14%, P = 0.020).ConclusionsThe study results provide evidence that the Turkish‐language questionnaire is acceptable, valid and useful for collecting parental assessments of health‐status among young cancer patients in Turkey. Neutropenia was associated with important deficits in overall HRQL and disabilities in ambulation/mobility, emotion, self‐care, and pain. Treatment plans should include strategies for addressing emotion and pain problems to improve the HRQL of neutropenic patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:812–817. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on the stability of salvianolic acid B as potential drug material
Authors: Zhou Li‐Na , Zhang Xin , Xu Wei‐Zhuo , Ma Xiao‐Nan , Jia Zhen , Zheng Ya‐Ming , You Song 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction – Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the major water‐soluble compounds isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Although much research on the general stability of Sal B has been undertaken and reported, there is still a need for further study of the stability required as a potential drug material.Objective – To study the stability of Sal B in the solid state and in normal saline (NS) solution during storage, as required in the ICH guidelines (2003) and Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005).Methodology – Sal B stability was analysed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐TOFMS) was applied for the separation and identification of the degradation products of Sal B.Results – In the solid state, Sal B packaged in aluminium foil bags was stable for 6 months under ‘accelerated conditions’ (40°C, 75% relative humidity, RH). However, solid Sal B degradation was observed under open exposure to stress conditions of high temperature (60°C) or high humidity (92.5 or 75% RH). In NS solution, Sal B underwent severe degradation under accelerated conditions. Through HPLC‐TOFMS, nine degradation products were identified and the possible degradation pathway was deduced.Conclusion – The results demonstrate that the potential drug material Sal B could be used in a solid formulation, but is not suitable for use as a liquid formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of cannabis use during pregnancy: an assessment of healthcare professionals' practices
Authors: Gérardin Marie , Victorri‐Vigneau Caroline , Louvigné Cécile , Rivoal Marion , Jolliet Pascale 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeBecause of the increase of cannabis use, healthcare professionals are more and more confronted with pregnancies which have been exposed to this drug. There may be health consequences during the course of pregnancy and also for the babies throughout their development. We have made a study in order to evaluate practices of detection and care for pregnant women who use cannabis.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all gynaecologists (GYNs), obstetricians (OBs) and midwives (MWs) in the district of Loire‐Atlantique and to a 20% randomized sample of general practitioners (GPs).ResultsThe participation rate was 60.1%. Only 51.4% of healthcare professionals asked their patients about drugs use and 68.1% didn't feel informed enough about the risks of cannabis use during pregnancy. There was a significant difference between the healthcare professionals who deliver babies (OBs and MWs) and those who only do prenatal consultations (GYNs and GPs). The first group question their patients about the use of cannabis more often (69.1% versus 39.8%; p = 0.01), and also feel more informed about the risks of cannabis use during pregnancy (42.0% versus 24.4%; p = 0.025).ConclusionsHealthcare professionals who supervise childbirth have a more accurate perception of the risk related to the consumption of cannabis during pregnancy. But preventive action must be taken early on because the lack of early identification at the beginning of pregnancy represents a public health problem. After observing the results we feel there is a strong need for training for all practitioners. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform shell patterning using rubber‐assisted hot embossing process. II. Process analysis
Authors: Nagarajan Pratapkumar , Yao Donggang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis two‐article sequence on rubber‐assisted embossing was aimed to understand the basic mechanisms affecting the pattern uniformity and replicability and to determine a process window for achieving uniform patterning and faithful replication. In Part I, the effects of major process and material parameters were identified and studied, and strategies for successful hot embossing with rubber as a pressure medium were proposed. In Part II, the rubber‐assisted embossing process was analyzed considering the unique rheological behavior of the materials involved to develop useful predictive capabilities for this new process. Specifically, a finite‐strain hyperelastic formulation was used for simulating the isothermal embossing stage, and a generalized Maxwell model was used to study the stress relaxation during the holding stage and to predict the elastic recovery after demolding. The rheological properties obtained in Part I were fitted to the constitutive models and implemented in the simulation procedures. The simulation results agreed with the major findings in the experimental work and provided a more quantitative insight into the process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of Y‐shaped poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) from a new heterofunctional initiator
Authors: Zhang Huaihong , Sun Baiwang , Chen Yaoqiang , Wang Jianli 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new amphiphilic Y‐shaped copolymer, comprised of hydrophobic Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and hydrophilic Poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), was designed and synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using a new heterofunctional initiator, Br‐Init‐(OH)2, bearing one initiation site for ATRP and two for ROP. At first, a new trifunctional core molecule bearing hydroxyl group and bromine moieties, Br‐Init‐(OH)2, was synthesized via protection followed by esterification reaction of 5‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxymethyl‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide and deprotection. In the presence of trifunctional core molecule, Br‐Init‐(OH)2, target Y‐shaped miktoarm star copolymers, (PTMC)2‐ b‐PDMAEMA, were successfully synthesized by sequence conducting the ROP of TMC and ATRP of DMAEMA. The Y‐shaped copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and GPC measurements. Subsequently, the self‐assembly behavior of these copolymers was investigated by dynamic light scattering method and transmission electron microscopy, which indicated that these amphiphilic Y‐shaped copolymers can self‐assemble into micelles and possess distinct pH‐dependent size in aqueous milieu. The results indicate that the amphiphilic Y‐shaped copolymers had the pH‐responsive properties similar to the expected PDMAEMA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone using perfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluoroalkanesulfonimides as organic catalysts
Authors: Oshimura Miyuki , Tang Tang , Takasu Akinori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe examined ring‐opening polymerizations (ROPs) of ε‐caprolactone in toluene at 25–50 °C catalyzed by perfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluoroalkanesulfonimides as organic catalysts. The ROPs proceeded quickly using these super Brönsted acids as catalysts. We synthesized poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (Mn = 4.8 × 103–13.5 × 103) with low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.10–1.48). These strong Brönsted acids catalyzed living polymerizations of ε‐caprolactone. After polymerization, Nf2NH was recovered and reused. To survey solvents, CHCl3 and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used instead of toluene as solvents for polymerization. When THF was used as a solvent, not only ε‐caprolactone, but also THF was polymerized and incorporated into the polymer chain (incorporated THF ratio; 6–10%). We investigated the reaction kinetics and activation thermodynamics of the organic catalysts. The activation energy and the activation enthalpy values for the ROPs of ε‐caprolactone using the catalyst having electron‐withdrawing ligand were smaller, but the activation entropy value is more negative. Moreover, the ranked values of the activation enthalpy for the reaction well parallel the polarity of solvents. The ranked values of the activation free energies well parallel those of the times required for polymerization completion. Our findings indicate that the super Brönsted acids are excellent catalysts for rapid ROP of ε‐caprolactone: they are more active than N, N‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or stannous (II) 2‐ethylhexanoate [Sn(Oct)2]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Chiral crystallization and the origin of chiral life on earth
Authors: Vogl Otto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe creation of chirality on Earth and the development of chiral life have been discussed in this highlight. Convincing evidence for the introduction of chirality on Earth is still fragmentary. We believe that by a combination of chiral crystallization and formation of helical polymers with preferred chiral conformational structure is the key to this question. This concept of macromolecular asymmetry has inspired ideas and resulted in possible rules for how chiral life as we know it, could have been introduced. These investigations needed the understanding of the requirements for chiral crystallization, for the stereochemistry of the initial formation of helical polymers, the measurements of optical activity of solids and their coordination with the fundamentals of chirality. Spacial modeling of the “oligo‐crystallization” of sodium chlorate led to the conception of “isotactic” linear crystallization, which involves helical propagation. It seems to require unequal sizes of the cations and anions, which, by branching propagation leads to three‐dimensional chiral crystal formation. Linear “isotactic” propagation of crystallization seems to be equivalent to stereo and conformational specific polymerization. One and a half turns of the helix seems to be required for stereo‐ and conformational specificity, that is, between the pentamer and hexamer in chloral polymerization (11/3 or nearly 4/1 helix) and between trimer and tetramer for the sodium chlorate crystal (2/1 helix). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki , Coulembier Olivier , Lecuyer Julien M. , Almegren Hamid A. , Alabdulrahman Abdullah M. , Alsewailem Fares D. , Mcneil Melanie A. , Dubois Philippe , Waymouth Robert M. , Horn Hans W. , Rice Julia E. , Hedrick James L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe the organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), using a commercially available guanidine catalyst, 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD). Postconsumer PET beverage bottles were used and processed with 1.0 mol % (0.7 wt %) of TBD and excess amount of ethylene glycol (EG) at 190 °C for 3.5 hours under atmospheric pressure to give bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) in 78% isolated yield. The catalyst efficiency was comparable to other metal acetate/alkoxide catalysts that are commonly used for depolymerization of PET. The BHET content in the glycolysis product was subject to the reagent loading. This catalyst influenced the rate of the depolymerization as well as the effective process temperature. We also demonstrated the recycling of the catalyst and the excess EG for more than 5 cycles. Computational and experimental studies showed that both TBD and EG activate PET through hydrogen bond formation/activation to facilitate this reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effective charge measurements reveal selective and preferential accumulation of anions, but not cations, at the protein surface in dilute salt solutions
Authors: Gokarn Yatin R. , Fesinmeyer R.Matthew , Saluja Atul , Razinkov Vladimir , Chase Susan F. , Laue Thomas M. , Brems David N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSpecific‐ion effects are ubiquitous in nature; however, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Although Hofmeister‐ion effects on proteins are observed at higher (>0.3M) salt concentrations, in dilute (<0.1M) salt solutions nonspecific electrostatic screening is considered to be dominant. Here, using effective charge (Q*) measurements of hen‐egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a direct and differential measure of ion‐association, we experimentally show that anions selectively and preferentially accumulate at the protein surface even at low (<100 mM) salt concentrations. At a given ion normality (50 mN), the HEWL Q* was dependent on anion, but not cation (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, GdnH+, and Ca2+), identity. The Q* decreased in the order F− > Cl− > Br− > NO ∼ I− > SCN− > ClO ≫ SO, demonstrating progressively greater binding of the monovalent anions to HEWL and also show that the SO anion, despite being strongly hydrated, interacts directly with the HEWL surface. Under our experimental conditions, we observe a remarkable asymmetry between anions and cations in their interactions with the HEWL surface.