bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual presentation of inverted papilloma: case report and literature review
Authors: Visvanathan V , Wallace H , Chumas P , Makura Z G G 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:Inverted papilloma is a rare but locally aggressive tumour with the potential for malignant transformation. Intracranial extension or complications secondary to inverted papilloma are extremely rare. We report a case of inverted papilloma with a large frontal sinus mucocele eroding the frontal sinus, which presented with sudden neurological compromise. A literature review on intracranial extension of such tumours is also included.Methods:A Medline search of articles, using the terms ‘inverted papilloma’, ‘Ringertz tumour’, ‘intracranial extension’ and ‘complication’. Suitable references from the collected articles were also reviewed. Articles published in English were selected and reviewed.Results:A total of 10 cases was identified. Intracranial spread was more commonly seen in recurrent cases, especially if the recurrence involved the cribriform plate, fovea ethmoidalis or orbits. Cases with extradural disease seemed to have a better prognosis than those with intradural spread.Conclusions:Intracranial involvement of inverted papilloma is extremely rare, and is usually seen in recurrent cases. This case report highlights an unusual but serious case of inverted papilloma presenting with acute neurological deterioration secondary to a large frontal sinus mucocele eroding the frontal sinus. A literature review on intracranial extension of inverted papilloma indicated that common sites of intracranial spread include the cribriform plate, fovea ethmoidalis and orbits. The prognosis for patients with such tumours depends on the type of dural involvement, with intradural extension carrying a poorer prognosis.
Semicircular canal versus otolithic involvement in idiopathic sudden hearing loss
Authors: Stamatiou G , Gkoritsa E , Xenellis J , Riga M , Korres S 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the results of vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss, and to correlate these results with the findings of caloric testing, the clinical appearance of vertigo and the influence of age.Materials and methods:Eighty-six patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden hearing loss and 35 healthy controls underwent a standard protocol of neurotological evaluation. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses were measured and compared with caloric responses.Results:On the affected side, 30.2 per cent of patients showed abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses, while 52.3 per cent had abnormal caloric responses. A statistically significant relationship was found between the results of these two tests. A statistically significant relationship was also found between the type of vestibular lesion and the occurrence of vertigo. Advancing age correlated statistically with more extensive labyrinthic lesions.Conclusions:A combination of vestibular evoked myogenic potential and electronystagmography testing indicated the existence of vestibular involvement in many patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss. Both tests are necessary in order to obtain a more thorough and in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
Polypoid intranasal mass caused by Rosai–Dorfman disease: a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Ilie M , Guevara N , Castillo L , Hofman P 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground:Rosai–Dorfman disease is a rare, idiopathic, histiocytic proliferative disorder with a distinctive microscopic appearance, which was formerly thought to be a disease process limited to lymph nodes. However, extranodal involvement has been documented in less than half of the reported patients, but rarely without associated lymphadenopathy.Case report:We report the case of a 43-year-old Senegalese woman who presented with a polypoid, intranasal mass caused by Rosai–Dorfman disease. A diagnosis of a granulomatous process, including rhinoscleroma, was initially discussed. The correct diagnosis was made histologically by demonstrating aggregates of histiocytes with large amounts of cytoplasm, emperipolesis and protein S100 antigen expression. Despite using ancillary methods (molecular biology and electron microscopy), we failed to demonstrate any associated pathogen.Conclusion:Diagnosis of Rosai–Dorfman disease can be very difficult, in particular in adults from Africa with pure, isolated, intranasal localisation, in whom clinical and radiological features may mimic other infectious or neoplastic disorders. The diagnosis is made based on the histological presence of large histiocytes with lymphophagocytosis. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of these histiocytes using anti-protein S100 antibody shows strong positivity.
Respiration rates in marine heterotrophic bacteria relate to the cytometric characteristics of bacterioplankton communities
Authors: Schapira Mathilde , Pollet Thomas , Mitchell James G. , Seuront L. 
Published: August 2009

Respiration in marine bacteria (fraction <0.6 µm) was investigated in 5 distinct coastal ecosystems. Respiration rates were estimated from the decrease of dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations measured with a fibre-optic oxygen sensor (optode) during short-term incubations (5 to 6 hours) in the dark. Sub-populations of heterotrophic bacteria were defined and enumerated by flow cytometric analysis. Respiration rates ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 µmol O2l−1h−1and were not correlated to total bacteria abundances. In contrast, they significantly increased with the relative proportion of HDNA cells (i.e. high deoxyribonucleic acid content) within the bacterioplankton community. These results stress the need to relate bacterial respiration rates to the absolute and relative abundance of the different cytometrically defined sub-populations found in bacterial assemblages, rather than to total cell counts. This result indicates that only a fraction of bacterial cells may contribute to bacterial respiration, which indicates a reconsideration of the relevance of some previous estimates of bulk bacterial respiration and the related biogeochemical fluxes may be required.
Integral Humanism and the Crisis of Modern Times
Authors: Maritain Jacques 
Published: August 2009

To Avoid misunderstanding, I should note at once that my point of view is here not that of the mere logic of ideas and doctrines, but that of the concrete logic of the events of history.From the first point of view, that of the mere logic of ideas and doctrines, it is evident that there are many possible positions other than the “pure” positions which I shall examine. One might ask theoretically and in the abstract, what value these various positions have. That is not what I plan to do. In a word, my point of view is that of the philosophy of culture, and not that of metaphysics.
Comparative Slavic Studies
Authors: Jakobson Roman 
Published: August 2009

“Slavic Studies”—the very expression implies their comparative aspect and raises the question: what enables us to refer to Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Lusatian Sorbs, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Ukrainians, Byelorussians and Russians by the single all-encompassing term, the “Slavic” peoples? What is their common denominator?It is indisputable that the Slavic peoples are to be defined basically as Slavic-speaking peoples. If speech is the point of departure, the problem becomes primarily a linguistic one. Since the pioneering work of the Czech Abbé Dobrovský (1753–1829), comparative linguistics has proved the existence of a common ancestral language for all the living Slavic languages and has largely reconstructed the sound pattern, grammatical framework and lexical stock of this Common (or Primitive) Slavic language. The problem of where and by whom this Common Slavic language was spoken is being gradually solved by persistent efforts to synchronize the findings of comparative linguistics, toponymy, and archeology. The archeologists' data are like a motion picture without its sound track; whereas the linguists have the sound track without the film. Thus, interdepartmental teamwork becomes indispensable.
The Blurred Image: Some Reflections on the Mass Media in the 1960's
Authors: Stritch Thomas 
Published: August 2009

Most of the new developments in the mass media during the 1960's turned out to be unfulfilled promises, for good or ill. A partial list is suggestive:1. The tapering off of the underground press.2. The inconclusive, still smoldering Agnew controversy.3. The decline of the mass magazine.4. The rise of pornography as a mass medium.5. The gradual eclipse of McLuhan and his theories.6. The ambiguous influence of TV in politics following the excitement of the Kennedy-Nixon debates.7. The blunted impact of the big reports: Kerner, Eisenhower, Pornography, and the Surgeon-General's report on violence.8. The failure of educational TV to get up a full head of steam.9. The failure of commercial TV to develop new, innovative, and imaginative programs.10. The technological promises unfulfilled: the electronic newspaper and magazine, TV cassettes, CATV's slow march, home video tapes, 3-D TV, and so on, along with the persistence of raised-type printing, radio, comic strips, newsboys, and much else often proclaimed obsolete.Despite inevitable overlapping, it is convenient to divide the foregoing into print and broadcasting.
Origins of the Catholic Peace Movement
Authors: McNeal Patricia 
Published: August 2009

On April 5, 1917, the day before Congress declared war, James Cardinal Gibbons stated in the name of the Catholic hierarchy:In the present emergency it behooves every American citizen to do his duty and uphold the hands of the President … in the solemn obligations that confront us. The primary duty of a citizen is loyalty to country. This loyalty is exhibited by an absolute and unreserved obedience to his country.
What is Education?
Authors: Fitzsimons M. A. 
Published: August 2009

This work is the issue of love and egoism. In 34 years of teaching at Notre Dame I have fallen in love with learning, teaching and that place and fellowship of learning and teaching, the University.Its permanence seemed so evidently desirable that the Notre Dame Foundation's epic fund-raising successes appeared to be the laborious fulfillment of a historical necessity.
Ranke: History as Worship
Authors: Fitzsimons M. A. 
Published: August 2009

Notoriously history has two principal meanings: the past itself and the historian's presentation of the results of his inquiry into it. When the latter meaning is examined, it is evident that, for all of his stance of common sense and matter-of-factness, the historian encounters his profession's form of the problem of knowledge. How and why does he select his sources? What is the validity or truth of his account? What is the relationship between fact and generalization? Does his avowed or unconscious motivation affect the historian's search, selection and presentation? Does his form of presentation affect his use of facts and his judgment?Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), modern founding father of critical history and patron saint of devourers of archives, raised these questions and responded to them. His masterly histories of Reformation Germany, Prussia, England, France and the papacy were esteemed as the fruit and vindication of his method. In England and the United States, however, the method was identified with a few slogans and injunctions: history is primarily a study of politics and foreign policy; return to or search out the sources; evaluate them and prize, above all, the sources that present the testimony of participants and eyewitnesses; strive simply to tell things as they actually happened. So to reduce Ranke's position is intellectual primitivism, a primitivism that persisted because attempts to discuss the problem of historical knowledge were ignored or derided as futile.
Preface to Liberalism: Locke's First Treatise and the Bible
Authors: Faulkner Robert 
Published: August 2009

A modern constitution is a man-made fundamental law, and it sets up a supreme government as agent of the people. What, however, of the commandments of the supreme God? How in face of Him can a man-made law and government be fundamental and supreme?This is the political-theological problem, we will argue, at the deepest level of John Locke's First Treatise of Government. At that level the First Treatise chiefly undermines, although it also revises. It undermines the primacy of the biblical God, of both his providence and his law, and it also revises biblical fundamentals so as to permit a more rational and civil faith. These are the two leading contentions of this study. If they prove to be true, the First Treatise is much more important to Locke's liberalism than is commonly believed. It is the precondition for his works on toleration and Christianity, the writings setting forth the liberal religion that can abide the primacy of civil government and of “civil interests” generally. It is also, then, the precondition for the Second Treatise of Civil Government. The famous Second Treatise may be the seminal articulation of modern representative government, but the neglected First Treatise proves to be its necessary preface. So we will contend.
The Holy See and the Byzantine Church and Empire
Authors: Tisserant Eugene Cardinal 
Published: August 2009

My intention here is to make a few reflections on the relations between the Papacy and the Byzantine Empire and Church, mostly from the cultural point of view. I wish to point out how the Popes continued for several centuries—from 1054 to 1453—to keep their attention fixed on the Eastern part of the Roman Empire, even after dissent had developed in the Byzantine clergy: how the Popes helped by their policy to bring about a new convergence of Greek culture with the Latin one, a convergence which gave birth to the Renaissance.The cultural break between Eastern and Western Europe had its distant origin in the resolution taken by Emperor Diocletian at the beginning of his reign to divide the responsibilities of power. For about a thousand years before 284 A.D., the trend had been to join together die various peoples around the Mediterranean Sea and to amalgamate their individual cvivilizations. Hundreds of years before the rise of Rome, the Greek colonies developed in southern Italy, in Sicily and as far north on the Tyrrhenian Sea as Cumae. The first signs of Greek influence in central Italy were in art: protocorinthian vases appeared as early as the seventh century B.C.; then terracotta works from Greek models in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. Greek divinities were received in Rome at the beginning of the sixth century. In die middle of the fifth century, the Law of the Twelve Tables was framed after three commissioners had been sent to Greece to examine the best of Greek legislation.
Vladimir Soloviev on Nationalism
Authors: Karpovich Michael 
Published: August 2009

The name of Vladimir Soloviev, insofar as it is familiar to the Western world, is known as that of a philosopher and religious thinker. This was, of course, the field in which he was particularly prominent. Russia can boast only a few formal philosophers (as distinguished from philosophizing novelists, poets or historians), and among those Soloviev is probably the most outstanding. Moreover, in the history of modern Russian religious thought, he occupies a central position, serving as a connecting link between the mid-nineteenth century Slavophils and such contemporary writers as Berdiaev and Bulgakov.But Soloviev's was a versatile and many-sided nature, and many other aspects of his life and activity deserve attention and study. He wrote interpretive essays on Russian poetry, some of which were landmarks in Russian literary criticism, and he was a poet himself—not a great poet, perhaps, but one with a strongly marked individual character.
Comment
Authors: Halecki Oscar 
Published: August 2009

On some later occasion, I hope to discuss in detail the various problems of German-Polish relations which Professor Hans Rothfels raised in his article “Frontiers and Mass Migrations in Eastern Central Europe” (The Review of Politics, January 1946).Immediately, however, I should like to clear up the misunderstandings which might arise in connection with two quotations which Professor Rothfels took out of the context of my own publications.1. Recalling that in 1226 the duke of Mazovia called upon the help of the Teutonic Order, and stressing that he did it “apparently in despair,” Professor Rothfels adds the following footnote (p. 43, n . 43) :“En désespoir de cause,” as Professor O. Halecki puts it correctly (La Pologne de 963 à 1914, Paris, 1933, p. 47). Other Polish historians have tried to minimize this fact.
Ukraine—Between Poland and Russia
Authors: Czubatyi Nicholas D. 
Published: August 2009

The three years of struggle and attempted negotiations between Poland and the Soviet Union over the readjustment of their frontiers were concluded by a two-fold decision. Thanks to Moscow, Poland was given a government which readily consented to give up both the Western Ukraine and White Ruthenia, territories occupied by Poland after the First World War; now they become parts of the Soviet Union. On the motion of Viacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Ukraine was accepted as a member of the world organization, the United Nations.The first event means that after six hundred years, Poland has withdrawn her claim to an extensive tract of land which she ruled at times as far east as the River Dnieper and beyond. Polish ambitions to control the Ukrainian and White Ruthenian lands and to assimilate these two peoples culturally in order to make them an ethnographic Polish entity, with some exceptions of course, failed.
Germany Today
Authors: Menck Clara 
Published: August 2009

This paper will treat only a small part of the subject promised by its title. A really correct evaluation of present-day Germany would demand, above all, a thorough economic and sociological analysis for which sufficient data are not available. Even establishing and naming events and facts is, in the present state of affairs, a matter of interpretation.Further, it would be necessary especially to describe the forces engaged in reconstruction, in church work and administration, in governmental agencies and in the press, in parties and in trade unions, in universities and in public colleges. What is being accomplished by these elements cannot be judged until later, when they have reached a stage of crystallization. Here we shall discuss only the circumstances under which reconstruction is taking place.
The Economics of Potsdam
Authors: Hermens Ferdinand A. 
Published: August 2009

When the Potsdam declarations were made public, Anne O'Hare McCormick (in her column in the New York Times of August 4, 1945) commented: “The scale and novelty of the great experiment is breathtaking. Stalin, Truman and Attlee may be remembered longer than the original Big Three, the war-leaders, because their names are affixed to this document.”The general public, on this side of the Atlantic, is as yet hardly aware of the full implications of the Potsdam declarations. The economic consequences of Potsdam have been widely debated in Britain, but they have received little attention in this country. Yet, the plan decided upon in the former city of the Prussian kings is due almost entirely to American initiative. In the words of Raymond Daniell:
The Soviet Concept of Satellite States
Authors: Yakobson Sergius 
Published: August 2009

Is there a clear-cut Soviet concept of satellite states? Apparently not, for, from the official Soviet point of view a satellite state east of the Iron Curtain is an anomaly: ca n'existe pas. The very idea, the Soviets would have us believe, is an aberration, a falsification concocted, to use the Communist jargon, by the “ideological armbearers of the American monopolists and imperialists.” Unfortunately, this stand is not corroborated by facts. It is for us in the Western world as well as for the millions of private, honest citizens in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe that the existence of satellite states behind the Iron Curtain means a most disquieting and indeed a sinister reality.The term “satellite state” is first of all a question of political semantics. If one consults the records of the United Nations Commission which has just completed its work on the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” he can readily appreciate the polarity between our approach and that of the Soviet camp to a whole register of political definitions.
U. S. Foreign Policy and the Soviet Satellites
Authors: Neumann Robert G. 
Published: August 2009

The term “satellite” clearly indicates a relationship of inequality and dependence between master and “follower” states. It stands to reason, therefore, that dealings with the present satellite states in Eastern Europe cannot be viewed in the same light as relations with completely independent nations, but must be considered special problems within the general field of American-Soviet relations.It is one of the ironies of history that of all the belligerent nations of World War II the civilian-minded United States alone fought the war in almost exclusively military terms, concentrating her efforts on victory in the field of batde and giving scant attention to the post-war constellations. In line with this short-range attitude, the United States supported two principal political concepts with regard to Eastern and South Eastern Europe. She clearly recognized that the Soviet Union had a right to have friendly governments along her frontier, that is, governments which would not permit their countries to become avenues of aggression against the Soviet Union.
New Views on Metternich
Authors: Viereck Peter 
Published: August 2009

In December 1950, at its annual meeting, the American Historical Association entitled one of its major topics of discussion: “New Views on Metternich.” Its choice of the word “new” certainly recalls, and possibly vindicates, a statement Metternich made well over a century ago: “In 100 years the historian will understand me better.”New, views either on Metternich, or else on the entire Hapsburg empire, occur in such serious works of research, all published after World War II, as the following (to name just a few): Hannah Straus, Attitude of the Congress of Vienna Toward Nationalism (N. Y., 1949); Robert Kann, The Multinational Empire (N. Y., 1950); Walter Langsam, Francis the Good (N. Y., 1949); Jerome Blum, Noble Landowners and Agriculture in Austria, 1815–1848 (Baltimore, 1948); Golo Mann, Secretary of Europe (New Haven, 1946); Arnold Whitridge, Men in Crisis: The Revolutions of 1848 (N. Y., 1949); several monographs on Austria by R. John Rath in Journal of Modern History and Journal of Central European Affairs; Veit Valentin, The German People (N. Y., 1946).