bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between splenic dose and radiation-induced lymphopenia
Authors: Ma Yifu , Kong Yuehong , Zhang Shuying , Peng Yong , Xu Meiling , Zhang Junjun , Xu Hong , Hong Zhihui , Xing Pengfei , Qian Jianjun , Zhang Liyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lymphocytes, which are highly sensitive to radiation, play a crucial role in the body’s defense against tumors. Radiation-induced lymphopenia has been associated with poorer outcomes in different cancer types. Despite being the largest secondary lymphoid organ, the spleen has not been officially designated as an organ at risk. This study hypothesizes a connection between spleen irradiation and lymphopenia and seeks to establish evidence-based dosage limits for the spleen. We retrospectively analyzed data from 96 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) between May 2010 and May 2017. Complete blood counts were collected before, during and after CRT. We established a model for predicting the minimum absolute lymphocyte count (Min ALC) and to investigate potential associations between spleen dosimetric variables and Min ALC. The median follow-up was 60 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 65.2% and 56.8%, respectively. The median values of pre-treatment ALC, Min ALC and post-treatment ALC were 1.40 × 109, 0.23 × 109 and 0.28 × 109/L, respectively. Regression analysis confirmed that the primary tumor location, number of fractions and spleen V5 were significant predictors of Min ALC during radiation therapy. Changes in ALC (ΔALC) were identified as an independent predictor of both OS and DFS. Spleen V5 is an independent predictor for Min ALC, and the maximum dose of the spleen is associated with an increased risk of severe lymphopenia. Therefore, these doses should be restricted in clinical practice. Additionally, ΔALC can serve as a prognostic indicator for adjuvant radiotherapy in gastric cancer.
A case of spontaneous abdominal hemoperitoneum secondary to ruptured splenosis
Authors: Gunda Akshata , Martos Mary P , Dickey Erin M , Livingstone Alan S , Hester Caitlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a case of spontaneous abdominal hemoperitoneum secondary to ruptured splenosis in a 35-year-old patient with a history of splenectomy secondary to trauma 23 years prior. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated a large amorphous mass-like structure in the mesentery of the left hemiabdomen with active extravasation and hemoperitoneum. The patient also had a separate focus of hyper-enhancing mass adjacent to the bladder representing a mass versus splenule. The patient’s radiographic and clinical presentation prompted management with exploratory laparotomy, hematoma evacuation, and resection of two splenules. With only a few cases of spontaneous abdominal hemoperitoneum from splenosis reported, this case describes successful management with surgical intervention.
Algebraic quantification of the contribution of active regions to the Sun’s dipole moment: applications to century-scale polar field estimates and solar cycle forecasting
Authors: Pal Shaonwita , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The solar cycle is generated by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism which involves the induction and recycling of the toroidal and poloidal components of the Sun’s magnetic field. Recent observations indicate that the Babcock–Leighton (BL) mechanism – mediated via the emergence and evolution of tilted bipolar active regions – is the primary contributor to the Sun’s large-scale dipolar field. Surface flux transport models and dynamo models have been employed to simulate this mechanism, which also allows for physics-based solar cycle forecasts. Recently, an alternative analytic method has been proposed to quantify the contribution of individual active regions to the Sun’s dipole moment (DM). Utilizing solar cycle observations spanning a century, here, we test the efficacy of this algebraic approach. Our results demonstrate that the algebraic quantification approach is reasonably successful in estimating DMs at solar minima over the past century – providing a verification of the BL mechanism as the primary contributor to the Sun’s dipole field variations. We highlight that this algebraic methodology serves as an independent approach for estimating DMs at the minima of solar cycles, relying on characteristics of bipolar solar active regions. We also show how this method may be utilized for solar cycle predictions; our estimate of the Sun’s dipole field at the end of cycle 24 using this approach indicates that solar cycle 25 would be a moderately weak cycle, ranging between solar cycle 20 and cycle 24.
Paxillin regulates androgen receptor expression associated with granulosa cell focal adhesions
Authors: Weidner Adelaide E , Roy Anna , Vann Kenji , Walczyk Ariana C , Astapova Olga 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Paxillin is a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein integral to focal adhesions, cell motility, and apoptosis. Paxillin has also recently been implicated as a mediator of nongenomic androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer and other cells. We sought to investigate the relationship between paxillin and AR in granulosa cells (GCs), where androgen actions, apoptosis, and focal adhesions are of known importance, but where the role of paxillin is understudied. We recently showed that paxillin knockout in mouse GCs increases fertility in older mice. Here, we demonstrate that paxillin knockdown in human granulosa-derived KGN cells, as well as knockout in mouse primary GCs, results in reduced AR protein but not reduced mRNA expression. Further, we find that both AR protein and mRNA half-lives are reduced by approximately one-third in the absence of paxillin, but that cells adapt to chronic loss of paxillin by upregulating AR gene expression. Using co-immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays, we show that paxillin and AR co-localize at the plasma membrane in GCs in a focal adhesion kinase-dependent way, and that disruption of focal adhesions leads to reduced AR protein level. Our findings suggest that paxillin recruits AR to the GC membrane, where it may be sequestered from proteasomal degradation and poised for nongenomic signaling, as reported in other tissues. To investigate the physiological significance of this in disorders of androgen excess, we tested the effect of GC-specific paxillin knockout in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by chronic postnatal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure. While none of the control mice had estrous cycles, 33% of paxillin knockout mice were cycling, indicating that paxillin deletion may offer partial protection from the negative effects of androgen excess by reducing AR expression. Paxillin-knockout GCs from mice with DHT-induced PCOS also produced more estradiol than GCs from littermate controls. Thus, paxillin may be a novel target in the management of androgen-related disorders in women, such as PCOS.
Sleep quality according to chronotype in nurses working 8-hour shifts
Authors: Yang H , Kim S , Yoo S-H , Mun Y , Choi M L , Lee J A , Song E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
To date, studies have been focused on sleep disturbances of nurses working during night shifts. There is a lack of understanding regarding the sleep quality of nurses working in the rapid rotation system for each type of shift work.

Aims
To determine the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality according to shift type (i.e. day, evening and night shifts) in nurses working 8-hour rotating shifts.

Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from two tertiary hospitals in South Korea from December 2021 to September 2022, including nurses working 8-hour rotating shifts (N = 74). They completed questionnaires to measure general, occupational and sleep-related characteristics, chronotype, insomnia severity and daytime sleepiness. Additionally, sleep parameters were collected from actigraphy and sleep diaries for 7 days.

Results
A total of 64% of nurses had an evening chronotype and 37% of nurses had an intermediate chronotype. Nurses had significantly less total sleep time and worsened sleep latency and efficiency during the day shift compared to other shift types. Compared to nurses with an intermediate chronotype, those with an evening chronotype had poorer sleep quality during day shift work.

Conclusions
Strategies to enhance nurses’ sleep quality during day shifts should consider a two-level approach: individual approaches, such as improving sleep hygiene, and administrative approaches, such as establishing a chronotype-based shift system for scheduling.
Evidence-Based Therapist-Supported Digital Mental Health Intervention for Patients Experiencing Medical Multimorbidity: A Retrospective Cohort Intent-to-Treat Study
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Peiper Nicholas C. , Aschbacher Kirstin , Forman-Hoffman Valerie L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Multimorbidity or the co-occurrence of multiple health conditions is increasing globally and is associated with significant psychological complications. It is unclear whether digital mental health (DMH) interventions for patients experiencing multimorbidity are effective, particularly given that this patient population faces more treatment resistance. The goal of the current study was to examine the impact of smartphone-delivered DMH interventions for patients presenting with elevated internalizing symptoms that have reported multiple lifetime medical conditions.

Methods
This preregistered (see https://osf.io/vh2et/) retrospective cohort intent-to-treat study with 2819 patients enrolled in a therapist-supported DMH intervention examined the associations between medical multimorbidity (MMB) and mental health outcomes.

Results
Results indicated that more MMB was significantly associated with greater presenting mental health symptom severity. MMB did not have a deleterious influence on depressive symptom trajectories across treatment, although having one medical condition was associated with a steeper decrease in anxiety symptoms compared to patients with no medical conditions. Finally, MMB was not associated with time to dropout, but was associated with higher dropout and was differentially associated with fewer beneficial treatment outcomes, although this is likely attributable to higher presenting symptom severity, rather than lesser symptom reductions during treatment.

Conclusions
Overall, the Meru Health Program was associated with large effect size decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms regardless of the number of MMB. Future DMH treatments and research might investigate tailored barrier reduction and extended treatment lengths for patients experiencing MMB to allow for greater treatment dose to reduce symptoms below clinical outcome thresholds.
New Directions in Geroscience: Integrating Social and Behavioral Drivers of Biological Aging
Authors: Nielsen Lisbeth , Marsland Anna L. , Hamlat Elissa J. , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The “geroscience hypothesis” posits that slowing the physiological processes of aging would lead to delayed disease onset and longer healthspan and lifespan. This shift from a focus on solely treating existing disease to slowing the aging process is a shift toward prevention, including a focus on risk factors found in the social environment. Although geroscience traditionally has focused on the molecular and cellular drivers of biological aging, more fundamental causes of aging may be found in the social exposome—the complex array of human social environmental exposures that shape health and disease. The social exposome may interact with physiological processes to accelerate aging biology. In this commentary, we review the potential of these insights to shape the emerging field of translational geroscience. The articles in this special issue highlight how social stress and social determinants of health are associated with biomarkers of aging such as inflammation, epigenetic clocks, and telomeres, and spotlight promising interventions to mitigate stress-related inflammation. For geroscience to incorporate the social exposome into its translational agenda, studies are needed that elucidate and quantify the effects of social exposures on aging and that consider social exposures as intervention targets. The life course perspective allows us to measure both exposures and aging biology over time including sensitive periods of development and major social transitions. In addition, given rapid changes in the measurement of aging biology, which include machine learning techniques, multisystem phenotypes of aging are being developed to better reflect whole body aging, replacing reliance on single system biomarkers. In this expanded and more integrated field of translational geroscience, strategies targeting factors in the social exposome hold promise for achieving aging health equity and extending healthy longevity.
IhBlock Reveals Separation of Timescales in Pyloric Rhythm Response to Temperature Changes inCancer borealis
Authors: Schapiro Kyra A , Rittenberg JD , Kenngott Max , Marder Eve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotor systems operate over a range of frequencies and relative timing (phase). We studied the contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) to frequency and phase in the pyloric rhythm of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab,Cancer borealisas temperature was altered from 11°C to 21°C. Under control conditions, the frequency of the rhythm increased monotonically with temperature, while the phases of the pyloric dilator (PD), lateral pyloric (LP), and pyloric (PY) neurons remained constant. When we blocked Ihwith cesium (Cs+) PD offset, LP onset, and LP offset were all phase advanced in Cs+at 11°C, and the latter two further advanced as temperature increased. In Cs+the steady state increase in pyloric frequency with temperature diminished and the Q10of the pyloric frequency dropped from ∼1.75 to ∼1.35. Unexpectedly in Cs+, the frequency displayed non-monotonic dynamics during temperature transitions; the frequency initially dropped as temperature increased, then rose once temperature stabilized, creating a characteristic “jag”. Interestingly, these jags were still present during temperature transitions in Cs+when the pacemaker was isolated by picrotoxin, although the temperature-induced change in frequency recovered to control levels. Overall, these data suggest that Ihplays an important role in the ability of this circuit to produce smooth transitory responses and persistent frequency increases by different mechanisms during temperature fluctuations.
Complex genetic architecture underlying the plasticity of tobacco leaf width provides insight into across-environment genomic prediction
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Wei , Sun Yiwen , Han Yu , Hao Ran , Zhang Wenjia , Guo Linjie , Zhao Jiarui , Zan Yanjun , Cheng Lirui , Si Huan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the property of a given genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response to changing environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity and establishing a predictive model is highly relevant for future agriculture under changing climate. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of leaf width plasticity in a tobacco MAGIC population across four different environments. Environmental changes not only resulted in differences in leaf width mean but also in leaf width plasticity. A total of 45 QTL were identified, including 14 QTL for leaf width mean and 43 for leaf width plasticity, with 12 overlap. Changes in the environment affected the magnitude of several QTL, thereby influencing phenotypic plasticity. We identified a QTL, qLW14, associated with leaf width plasticity and leaf width mean at Zhucheng, but had no significant impact at Guiyang, indicating that changes in the environment contributed to variations in leaf width plasticity. By integrating genetic diversity, environmental variation, and their interactions into a unified model, we were able to build a model for cross-environment predictions, and improved prediction accuracy by 7.2%. Overall, this study reveals complex genetic basis involving multiple alleles, and genotype interactions underlying variations of leaf width mean and plasticity. These findings contribute to assessing the role of plasticity in responding to climate or other environmental changes.
Quantification of nanocondensates formation at the single molecule level
Authors: Houx Justin , Copie Thomas , Gambin Yann , Sierecki Emma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms of biomolecular condensate formation through liquid-liquid phase separation is crucial for deciphering cellular cues in normal and pathological contexts. Recent studies have highlighted the existence of sub-micron assemblies, known as nanocondensates or mesoscopic clusters, in the organization of a significant portion of the proteome. However, as smaller condensates are invisible to classical microscopy, new tools must be developed to quantify their numbers and properties. Here, we establish a simple analysis framework using single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify the formation of nanocondensates diffusing in solution. We used the low-complexity domain of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) as a model system to show that we can recapitulate the phase separation diagram of the protein in various conditions. Single molecule spectroscopy reveals rapid formation of TDP-43 nanoclusters at ten-fold lower concentrations than described previously by microscopy. We demonstrate how straightforward fingerprinting of individual nanocondensates provides an exquisite quantification of their formation, size, density, and their temporal evolution. Overall, this study highlights the potential of single molecule spectroscopy to investigate the formation of biomolecular condensates and liquid-liquid phase separation mechanisms in protein systems.
Unveiling the molecular choreography: In-depth single-cell transcriptomic exploration of the regenerative dynamics in stony coral
Authors: Han Tingyu , Chen J.-Y. , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe coral reef ecosystem faces increasing threats under global climate challenges. One of the core issues is the inability of fragments to quickly grow into a size that can resist environmental pressures in coral transplantation. The observation of accelerated growth during the early stages of coral regeneration provides new insights for addressing this challenge. To investigate related molecular mechanisms, our study focused on the fast-growing stony coralAcropora muricata(with chromosome-scale reference genome). Employing diverse techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we unveiled related intricate cellular dynamics. Single-cell analysis revealed notable shifts in calicoblasts and epidermal cells around 2-4 weeks post-injury. Gene expression analysis revealed enrichment in immune response and biomineralization pathways. Pseudotime analysis explained the differentiation of epidermal cells into calicoblasts, while time-course analysis identified key genes associated with dynamic biomineralization changes. This study enhances our understanding of coral regeneration, offering insights for protective strategies to foster coral growth.
Developmental oligodendrocytes regulate brain function through the mediation of synchronized spontaneous activity
Authors: Masumura Ryo , Goda Kyosuke , Sekiguchi Mariko , Uesaka Naofumi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynchronized spontaneous neural activity is a fundamental feature of developing central nervous systems, hypothesized to be critical for brain development. However, the mechanisms regulating this synchronization and its long-term functional implications remain poorly understood. Here, we unveil a novel role for oligodendrocytes in orchestrating synchronized spontaneous activity during a critical developmental window, with profound consequences for adult brain function. Using cell-specific genetic manipulation in the mouse cerebellum, we demonstrate that oligodendrocyte deficiency during early postnatal development, but not after weaning, disrupts the synchronization of Purkinje cell activity in both developmental and adult stages. These early disruption of oligodendrocytes and neural synchrony resulted in persistent alterations in adult cerebellar-dependent behaviors, including anxiety, sociality, and motor function. Our findings establish a causal link between developmental oligodendrocyte-regulated neural synchrony and the emergence of complex brain functions. This study ensures the proper developmental trajectory necessary for driving brain function and opens new avenues for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
A Rapid Method for Producing Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Suitable for Transducing Rodent Neuronsin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Howard Doug B. , Svarcbahs Reinis , Gore Lana N. , Harvey Brandon K. , Richie Christopher T. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of adeno-associated viral vectors for delivery of genetic information into the mammalian CNS remains popular but producing highly purified vectors for in vivo applications requires a significant investment of resources and time that can impede the development and testing of AAV vectors for experimentation. To address this issue, we have developed a simplified AAV packaging protocol that does not require large capital equipment (ultracentrifugation or chromatography machines) yet still produces virus in quantities that are sufficient for testing AAV prototypes in the rodent CNS. This protocol is serotype agnostic, and has been successful with AAV1, AAV9, AAV-DJ, and rAAV2-retro. Intracranial injection of AAV-EF1a-GFP-KASH into rats demonstrated that our “small scale” AAV preps produce patterns of transgene expression and inflammation that are similar to those produced by the same AAV vector purified by affinity column chromatography. Our protocol allows for multiple vectors to be packaged and processed in parallel, making it ideal for testing multiple variants, constructs, and prototypes simultaneously.
Sodium azide mutagenesis induces a unique pattern of mutations
Authors: Liu Chaochih , Frascarelli Giulia , Stec Adrian O. , Heinen Shane , Lei Li , Wyant Skylar R. , Legg Erik , Spiller Monika , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Smith Kevin P. , Fay Justin C. , Morrell Peter L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nature and effect of mutations are of fundamental importance to the evolutionary process. The generation of mutations with mutagens has also played important roles in genetics. Applications of mutagens include dissecting the genetic basis of trait variation, inducing desirable traits in crops, and understanding the nature of genetic load. Previous studies of sodium azide-induced mutations have reported single nucleotide variants (SNVs) found in individual genes. To characterize the nature of mutations induced by sodium azide, we analyze whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 11 barley lines derived from sodium azide mutagenesis, where all lines were selected for diminution of plant fitness owing to induced mutations. We contrast observed mutagen-induced variants with those found in standing variation in WGS of 13 barley landraces. Here, we report indels that are two orders of magnitude more abundant than expected based on nominal mutation rates. We found induced SNVs are very specific, with C→T changes occurring in a context followed by another C on the same strand (or the reverse complement). The codons most affected by the mutagen include the sodium azide-specific CC motif (or the reverse complement), resulting in a handful of amino acid changes and relatively few stop codons. The specific nature of induced mutations suggests that mutagens could be chosen based on experimental goals. Sodium azide would not be ideal for gene knockouts but will create many missense mutations with more subtle effects on protein function.