bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding and avoiding interaction‐based instability in pervasive computing environments
Authors: Zamudio Victor , Callaghan Victor 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to address a fundamental problem related to the interaction of rule‐based autonomous agents in pervasive and intelligent environments. Some rules of behaviour can lead a multi‐agent system to display unwanted periodic behaviour, such as networked appliances cycling on and off.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a framework called interaction networks (INs) as a tool to describe and analyse this phenomena. In support of this, and as an aid to the visualisation and understanding of the temporal evolution of agent states, a graphical multi‐dimensional model (MDM) is offered. An instability prevention system (INPRES) based in identifying and locking network nodes is described.FindingsBoth IN, MDM and INPRES enable system designers to identify and prevent cyclic instability. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using both simulated and physical implementations.Research limitations/implicationsThe problem of cyclic instability is strongly related to the number of cycles in the IN associated. It is postulated that high coupling and high number of cycles contributes to the system to self‐lock; however, more research is needed in this direction.Practical implicationsThe MDM, interaction benchmark, IN theory, INPRES and intelligent locking offer a practical solution to the problem of cyclic behaviour.Originality/valueBefore this work there was no framework for analysing and eliminating the problem of cyclic instability in rule‐based multi‐agent systems.
A multi‐hop mobility management protocol for heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: George Abraham , Kumar Anup , Srinivasan S. 
Published: July 2009

PurposeMobility management for single‐hop cellular networks has received much research attention in the last few years. One of the research challenges for 4G wireless systems is the design of mobility management techniques that integrate cellular and ad‐hoc networks. Currently, there are no structured mobility management schemes for these heterogeneous multi‐hop networks. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes techniques for tracking a mobile node (MN) in an integrated architecture with minimum overhead. This paper proposes group rerouting concept.FindingsThe paper implements and evaluates the proposed protocol by using the network simulator (NS‐2). The proposed protocol increases performance compared to broadcasting schemes.Research limitations/implicationsThis scheme considers devices with two interfaces only.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a scheme to extend the coverage of cellular base stations by using ad‐hoc devices.Originality/valueThis paper describes techniques for tracking an MN in an integrated architecture with minimum overhead. This scheme is independent of the routing protocol used in a multi‐hop network.
Five rivers and where they meet (cross‐disciplinary reflections on development, policy and place)
Authors: Eversole Robyn 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and make sense of the confluence of theoretical and practical preoccupations that contribute to the current interest in place management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents an overview and interpretation of trends that have led both policy‐makers and academics to an interest in the management and development of places. It demonstrates how various streams of thought coalesce into five key concepts: participation, distinctiveness, knowledge, relationships and values – that provide, at their meeting point, a cross‐disciplinary conceptual framework for place management and development.FindingsThe field of place management is located – both strategically and challengingly – at the crux of key contemporary policy issues in development and governance. There is a need to draw together insights across disciplines into a conceptual framework that will help both practitioners and academics make sense of the challenges we face.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding where we have come from helps them to chart where we are going. There is opportunity to build a new a theoretical and policy framework around place management that articulates why and how place is important in the context of larger development and governance debates.Originality/valueAs a big‐picture overview of a cutting‐edge space, this paper is intended to help both practitioners and academics position their work in its broader context.
Local perceptions of the reimaging process
Authors: Reiser Dirk , Crispin Stuart 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore local perceptions of the process of place reimaging, and the forces that influence this process. As locals engage with a place more frequently than visitors, they are better placed to get an “insider's view” of reimaging and the forces that influence the process.Design/methodology/approachA case study method is employed in this paper. The case area is the Sullivans Cove waterfront precinct, located in the Australian City of Hobart. Between 1972 and 2006 this area underwent a process of reimaging; changing from a working port to a tourism, arts and entertainment precinct. Primary data are collected through semi‐structured interviews with representatives from local interest group. Secondary data are also collected from a range of government and non‐government sources.FindingsThe findings of this paper are twofold. First, it finds that locals are actively engaged in the process of reimaging and are broadly accepting of the reimaging process. Second, locals identified a number of forces that influenced the process of reimaging within Sullivans Cove, and that the interplay between these factors create a more multifaceted place image.Originality/valueLittle extant research has explored local perceptions of the reimaging process, and this paper brings new insights into this process.
Marketing the downtown through geographically enhanced consumer segmentation
Authors: Anderson Emily , Chakrapani Chuck , Hernandez Tony 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify, using a case study, whether consumers in a metropolitan area can be meaningfully segmented geographically such that it can understand the way they perceive and interact with the downtown district and to delineate the implications of the findings for business improvement area marketing initiatives from a management perspective.Design/methodology/approachA total of 650 visitors to downtown Toronto are interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Their responses are related to their location within the metropolitan area. Correspondence analysis (CA) is applied to the data to visually identify possible market segments.FindingsThe analysis identified four distinct place‐based visitor segments. Each of these segments exhibited behaviour patterns that are distinct and intrinsically meaningful. The analysis further shows that perceptions and current interactions with the district are likely to change depending on where in the metropolis its consumers live.Practical implicationsSince visitor perceptions are place dependent, it is difficult to implement a single place marketing campaign that is relevant to each segment. The results suggest that it needs to develop communication strategies that are specific to each segment, incorporating an understanding of why they visit downtown, what they think of the area, what media they consume, how they get around and what their needs are in terms of lifestage.Originality/valueBy going beyond the traditional analysis of geographic variables and incorporating consumer response variables in the analysis, this paper provides a stronger basis for market segmentation and management action with regard to place marketing. The application of CA provides a visual way to understand the segments.
Retail regeneration in Southampton: seeking the bigger picture
Authors: Hallsworth Alan , Orchard John 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a critical evaluation of city centre regeneration via the creation of a major new shopping destination. The City of Southampton is chosen since that very process has been well documented. The research shows that this process of creating successful cities can be negative for some existing traders.Design/methodology/approachThere are two main methodologies employed. One is a quantitative analysis of changes in rateable values. This is used as a surrogate for trading impact from the new development. The other is qualitative interviews with urban officials in the city being studied.FindingsQuantitative results show that the market power of the retailer is a better explanation for rates relief than is the physical distance from the impactful new centre. Analysis of the qualitative interviews shows that the urban officials expected that there would be negative impacts for some existing traders by setting up that process of rates relief. However, the wider picture shows that the opportunities for small‐scale innovative retailers may be reducing. Further, that the style of retailing introduced does not necessarily assist the resident population with their everyday shopping.Research limitations/implicationsThough the sample of respondents for the qualitative interviews is small, it does access the key local officials. A wider issue is the poor level of quantitative data available on small shops. This limitation is also found by the 2006‐2008 Competition Commission Inquiry into the grocery sector.Practical implicationsHighly publicised success stories such as West Quay Southampton need deeper scrutiny to ensure they fit a wider ambition to deliver the environment that local residents deserve. Better data availability would assist in such analysis.Originality/valueThe paper constitutes an attempt to show how deeper scrutiny of the type the paper commends may be approached. Greater resources will be needed in order to gain fuller insights. The findings are of value to all who seek to understand the functioning of policymaking in the urban arena.
Light Night: an “enlightening” place marketing experience
Authors: Jiwa Salim , Andres Coca‐Stefaniak J. , Blackwell Martin , Rahman Toyubur 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe Light Night initiative currently under development in the UK offers an innovative approach to revitalising town and city centres by involving residents and visitors through culture and the arts. This initiative is based on the successful Nuit Blanche (White Night) culture‐led urban revitalisation model tested in cities like Brussels, Madrid, Montreal, Rome, São Paulo, Skopje and Toronto, where the Nuit Blanche programme alone resulted in an estimated $4.9 million economic impact on the city and attracted 800,000 people (Toronto). This paper aims to review elements of good practice internationally in the implementation of this concept and suggest a way forward for its realisation in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThis case study builds on the 24‐hour city concept and provides a practical example of how culture‐led urban revitalisation through the Light Night programme can be implemented in Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Nottingham and Sheffield based on successful international experiences.FindingsEvidence gathered through a review of the literature provided in this case study would suggest that community involvement through creative culture‐led urban revitalisation initiatives can be instrumental in developing sustainable places and communities. Furthermore, it may provide a pathway towards overcoming some of the negative perceptions associated with the night‐time economy in many British town and city centres. The Light Night programme provides an opportunity for key social stakeholders to implement this through its focus on shared culture, history and identity.Originality/valueThis paper reviews the evolution of the European Nuit Blanche initiative using a case study approach, and its interpretation in the UK through the Light Night programme. It further explores the economic, cultural and social benefits of Light Nights and Nuit Blanche on community cohesion, tourism and regeneration. This paper is of value to practitioners and policy‐makers in place marketing, town centre management, local authority economic development officers, business managers, urban regeneration consultants, academics, tourism officers, community leaders and town centre residents.
Barriers to implementing corporate environmental responsibility in Thailand
Authors: Setthasakko Watchaneeporn 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the primary barriers to the implementation of environmental responsibility in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs semi‐structured interviews with key informants and site observations. Key informants include top and senior managers of three frozen seafood processing companies in Thailand.FindingsThe paper identifies three primary barriers: the lack of a system perspective on seafood sustainability, absence of top management commitment and cultural diversity.Research limitations/implicationsAs an exploratory case study, findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to broader populations. To improve generalization of the findings, future research should broaden the sample. It would also be beneficial to pursue comparative research between industries, countries and regions.Practical implicationsImplementing corporate environmental responsibility requires raising “green culture” ideology throughout an organization. A system perspective on seafood sustainability, top management commitment and proper management of cultural diversity plays a significant role in affecting organizational change towards sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a greater understanding of the role of humans and culture in greening the seafood supply chain.
Managerial perspective on the impact of globalization in an African commercial bank
Authors: Mamman Aminu , Baydoun Nabil 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived impact of globalization amongst Nigerian bank managers and professionals. Managerial and organizational cognition (MOC) literature is used to evaluated perceptions of impact.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a survey methodology to gather the information needed to achieve the objectives of the paper. Descriptive statistics and statistical analyses are used to evaluate various relationships.FindingsRespondents view the outcome of globalization as unfair. They also view globalization as endangering the economy and cultural values of Nigeria. However, they see the benefits of globalization in terms of transfer of good management and business practices as well as flow of foreign direct investment. They also seem to believe that globalization is open enough to accommodate other economic and political systems. However, they also believe that globalization hinders nation states to formulate polices favourable to the economy. Similarly, the majority do not believe that the world will be a better and fairer place if all countries adopt the philosophy and principles underpinning globalization.Research limitations/implicationsManagers' interpretation of the impact of globalization can influence their decisions and ultimately organizational strategy. Depending on the perceived benefits of globalization, managers who can influence government policy would try to lobby against excessive liberalization that might affect their local market position.Originality/valueThere is an attempt to link macro‐ and micro‐dimensions of globalization research. A multidisciplinary approach opens up the possibility for researchers from management discipline and other disciplines (e.g. economics, sociology and politics) to team up and study globalization. Future research should adopt both a quantitative and qualitative methodology. For example, the use of in‐depth interviews should reveal more information on how respondents perceive the impact of globalization on values and beliefs. Future studies should also target policy makers and senior executives across industries and the non‐governmental organization sector.
Factors that affect women entrepreneurs: evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Naser Kamal , Rashid Mohammed Wojoud , Nuseibeh Rana 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify factors that motivate women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to become self‐employed.Design/methodology/approachDifferent factors, documented in previous research, that affect women's decisions to start their own businesses were included in a questionnaire. A total of 750 women entrepreneurs in the UAE were asked to express the degree of agreement with the factors listed in the questionnaire. Of them, 449 completed the questionnaire.FindingsFinancial support from the government especially in the start‐up capital is an important factor that motivates women to establish their own businesses. Self‐fulfillment, knowledge, skills and experience, including relationship to spouse/father business, are all important factors in the development of women entrepreneurs. Unlike previous research factors such social norms, market network, and competition do not seem to be barriers for women in becoming entrepreneurs.Research limitations/implicationsQuestionnaires were mainly distributed in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. To give a clear picture of factors affecting women's decision to start their own businesses in the UAE, the opinion of women located in other Emirates needs to be investigated. The questionnaire survey targeted women entrepreneurs. To give a clear picture, future studies should target women who chose not to start their own businesses.Practical implicationsThe outcome of this study will be used by researchers and policy makers to motivate women to become entrepreneurs. Women involvement in developing their businesses provides job opportunities and ensures that women are taking active part in the development of the national economy.Originality/valueThis is the first study that uses empirical evidence to identify factors that motivate women in the UAE to become self‐employed.
Family contributions to entrepreneurial development in Lebanon
Authors: Fahed‐Sreih Josiane , Pistrui David , Huang Wilfred , Welsch Harold 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to profile the characteristics, attributes and growth orientations of Lebanese entrepreneurs, including the relationships, roles, and contributions that family and culture make and play in the development of private small and medium‐sized enterprises.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a sample of 112 entrepreneurs, psychographic motives, demographic attributes, and business activities are revealed. A series of 112 in‐depth personal interviews was conducted over a 12 month period between May 2006 and 2007. The entrepreneurial profile questionnaire (EPQ) was utilized as a data collection instrument. The EPQ was designed to survey the effect of individual, societal, and environmental factors on entrepreneurship and family business development by collecting a combination of demographic information and extensive detail related to characteristics and orientations.FindingsThe findings suggest that entrepreneurs are motivated by the need for independence and flexibility. Entrepreneurs were found to rely heavily on family member participation to establish, develop, and grow their enterprises. The majority of the entrepreneurs surveyed employ at least one family member on a full‐time basis. Entrepreneurs were also found to use family finances as the primary source of start‐up capital. Family participation in the form of employment and investment was found to have a positive impact on entrepreneurial growth intentions and expansion plans.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into family contributions to entrepreneurial development in Lebanon.
Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus type 16/18 infection among women with normal cytology: risk factor analysis and implications for screening and prophylaxis
Authors: Gupta S. , Sodhani P. , Sharma A. , Sharma J. K. , Halder K. , Charchra K. L. , Sardana S. , Singh V. , Sehgal A. , Das B. C. 
Published: July 2009

Objective: To determine the prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) 16/18 infection of uterine cervix among women in the reproductive age group, with cytologically normal cervical (Pap) smears; to analyse the risk factors for HR‐HPV acquisition and to address their implications for cervical cancer screening and prophylaxis in a low resource setting.Methods: Cervical samples from 769 cytologically negative women (age 18–45 years) attending a tertiary care centre in Delhi were subjected to HPV DNA testing and HR‐HPV 16/18 and low‐risk (LR)‐HPV 6/11 sub‐typing by polymerase chain reaction. Univariate risk factor analysis was carried out in HR‐HPV positive (n = 86) versus HR‐HPV negative women (n = 683) by chi‐square test.Results: The overall HPV prevalence among cytologically normal women was 16.6%. HR‐HPV16 was detected in 10.1%, whereas HPV18 was detected in 1% of women. HR‐HPV 16/18 comprised 67% of the total HPV positives. There was no decline in HR‐HPV positivity with age, and women aged 40–44 years were at significantly increased risk for HR‐HPV prevalence (P = 0.03). Statistically significant associations of HR‐HPV infection were found with risk factors such as high parity (P = 0.04), cervicitis/hypertrophic cervix (P = 0.01), unhealthy cervix (P = 0.04), rural residence (P = 0.03), low socioeconomic status (P = 0.01) and illiteracy (P = 0.07).Conclusions: Although the sample size was small, based on the observation that HR‐HPV 16 and 18 contributed significantly to the overall HPV prevalence in our setting, we speculate that testing/prophylaxis for these prevalent high‐risk types could perhaps make cervical cancer screening and preventive programmes cost‐effective. Larger community‐based studies on HPV prevalence and persistence are required to validate these findings before definitive recommendations can be made to the policy makers.
Single versus dual renal transplantation from donors with significant arteriosclerosis on pre‐implant biopsy
Authors: Kayler Liise K. , Mohanka Ravi , Basu Amit , Shapiro Ron , Randhawa Parmjeet S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Transplantation of kidneys from donor with arteriosclerosis seen on pre‐implantation biopsy has not been well studied.Methods:  We retrospectively evaluated 20 dual kidney transplant (DKT) and 28 single (SKT) kidney transplant recipients with ≥12 months follow‐up from donors with moderate arteriosclerosis (≥25% luminal diameter narrowing).Results:  Death censored graft survival was 100% and 79%, respectively (p = 0.0339). DKT recipients had significantly lower mean creatinine levels at one, three, six, and nine months and spent somewhat less time on the waiting list (181 ± 160 vs. 318 ± 306 d, p = 0.1429). DKT patients received kidneys from significantly older donors (64 ± 7 vs. 54 ± 11 yr; p = 0.0012), proportionately more expanded criteria donors (95% vs. 54%; p = 0.0029), and more donors with hypertension (81% vs. 48%, p = 0.0344) and death related to cerebrovascular accident (100% vs. 71%, p = 0.0143); however, more DKT kidneys underwent machine perfusion (95% vs. 57%, p = 0.0068). Baseline recipient variables were comparable between the two groups including age, race, gender, retransplantation, and HLA mismatch. Pre‐implant biopsy was notable for similar frequencies of moderate interstitial fibrosis (10% vs. 14%, respectively) and glomerulosclerosis.Conclusion:  Among recipients of deceased‐donor kidneys with >25% arteriosclerosis, short‐term outcomes after DKT were superior to that of SKT grafts. This approach may help to expand the donor‐organ pool while optimizing outcomes.