bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong and Weak Theories of Capacity: Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Disability, and Contemporary Capacity Theorizing
Authors: Vaahtera Touko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article puts forward two ways of understanding capacity: strong and weak theories. The strong theory of capacity self-evidently connects capacity with ideal humanity or pedestalizes it as an analytic concept, while the weak theory of capacity allows space for interpretations about life unfolding without murmurings about capacity. By considering capacity in a way that distinguishes these two theories, the article contributes to contemporary thinking in which capacity has emerged as a key concept. My perspective draws on Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s ideas about strong and weak theories and is further influenced by methodological issues raised by disability studies scholars. I first recall Sedgwick’s ideas about strong theories, after which I focus on how capacity assumptions operate in Silvan Tomkins’ work, which has had an important impact on Sedgwick. I then identify two recent contributions in disability studies in the area of capacity-themed theorizing. I interrogate the ways in which these contributions share the habits of the strong theory and how they escape its problematic tendencies. Toward the end of the article, I outline how the weak theory of capacity could contribute new perspectives to the contemporary discussion.
Exploring ketoacidosis frequency and risk factors in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: an 8-year retrospective study (2011–2018) at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Shebani Mostafa Sasi , Khashebi Rowida Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) stands as a critical, acute complication of type 1 diabetes. Despite its severity, there exists a dearth of data concerning the frequency and prevalence of DKA at the onset of type 1 diabetes in Libyan children. This study aimed to ascertain the frequency of DKA during the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes among children aged 0.5–14 years admitted to Tripoli Children’s Hospital between 2011 and 2018.

Methods
Employing a retrospective approach, the study examined the proportion of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes who presented with DKA. Data analysis included estimating DKA frequency concerning age at presentation, sex, and age groups. The comparative analysis involved assessing DKA frequency between 0.5 and <2 and 2–14 years age groups. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the impact of age group, sex, and family history of type 1 diabetes on DKA and severe DKA occurrence.

Results
Among 497 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 39.2 % presented with DKA, of these 44.5 % had severe DKA. Females exhibited a higher DKA rate than males (OR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.13–2.34, p=0.009). Very young children (0.5 to <2 years) presented with DKA more frequently than those aged 2–14 years (OR 4.73, 95 % CI 2.65–8.47, p<0.001), and they were more likely to present in severe DKA (63.9 vs. 39.1 %, [OR 7.26, 95 % CI 3.65–14.41, p<0.001]).

Conclusions
The frequency of DKA at type 1 diabetes onset among children admitted to Tripoli Children’s Hospital is notably high, with nearly half of the DKA episodes categorized as severe. Very young children notably demonstrated a fivefold increase in the likelihood of presenting with DKA.
An Alternative to the Basic Causal Requirement for Liability Under the Negligence Rule
Authors: Shavell Steven 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The primary causal requirement that must be met for a negligent party to be held liable for a harm is a demonstration that the harm would not have occurred if the party had not been negligent. Thus, for a speeding driver to bear liability for harm done in a car accident, it must be shown that the accident would not have happened if the driver had driven at a reasonable speed. The main point made here is that this basic causal requirement may be difficult or impossible to satisfy and hence may interfere with the discouragement of negligence. Therefore, an alternative and usually easier-to-meet causal requirement is proposed – that the harm would not have occurred if the negligent party had not been engaged in his activity (if the driver had not been engaged in driving).
Dialect separation and cross-dialectal influence: a study on the grammatical gender of Oromo
Authors: Feleke Tekabe Legesse 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The extent to which the grammar of one dialect influences the grammar of another and the mechanisms that bidialectal speakers employ to distinguish a target grammar from non-target grammar have not been adequately investigated. In this study, we elucidate these issues by investigating the grammatical gender of Oromo, a Cushitic language that is spoken in Ethiopia. The results from two successive offline experiments indicate that Oromo bidialectal speakers can differentiate between the grammar of their native dialect and that of a non-native dialect in both spoken and written modes. This finding implies the existence of a dual-system representation of grammar. Moreover, there is a significant amount of dialect mixing that varies across various developmental stages and modalities. The bidialectal speakers’ ability to differentiate between the grammar of their native dialect and that of a non-native dialect is constrained by the magnitude of their exposure to the non-native dialect, modalities, and a specific property of grammatical forms. Here, we propose an interactive dialect separation model that accounts for diverse dialect contexts.
Bond performance of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with rebar under freeze–thaw environment: A review
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Xuechao , Zhang Weishen , Yang Qifan , Yang Deqiang , Li Bangxiang , Su Tian , Mei Xuefeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, a review focusing on the frost resistance of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) and the bond performance of RAC with rebar under freeze–thaw environment is carried out. The results show that there are still some controversies about the advantages and disadvantages of the frost resistance of RAC, and many influencing factors have not been considered. The mass of the RAC pullout specimens shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing after freeze‒thaw cycles. The failure modes of the RAC pullout specimens after freeze‒thaw cycles include pullout failure, pullout-splitting failure, splitting failure, and rebar yielding failure. The bond performance of RAC with rebar shows a degradation trend after freeze‒thaw cycles, mainly in the decrease in bond strength and the increase in bond slip. The bond performance of RAC specimens is inferior to that of natural aggregate concrete specimens after freeze‒thaw cycles. The bond strength prediction models and the bond–slip constitutive relation prediction models of RAC with rebar after freeze‒thaw cycles have been summarized to ensure that engineers can better understand their applicability. The bond stress distribution between the RAC and rebar in the anchoring area is not uniform and constantly changes with the number of freeze‒thaw cycles. The degradation mechanism of the bond performance of RAC with rebar after freeze‒thaw cycles is analyzed.
Evaluating Acute Viral Gastroenteritis Severity: Modified Vesikari and Clark Scoring Systems
Authors: Plancarte Carlos , Stopczynski Tess , Hamdan Lubna , Stewart Laura S. , Rahman Herdi , Amarin Justin Z. , Chappell James , Wikswo Mary E. , Dunn John R. , Payne Daniel C. , Hall Aron J. , Spieker Andrew J. , Halasa Natasha 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is the second leading cause of death in children worldwide. Objectively evaluating disease severity is critical for assessing future interventions. We used data from a large, prospective surveillance study to assess risk factors associated with severe presentation using modified Vesikari score (MVS) and Clark score (CS) of severity.

METHODS
From December 1, 2012 to June 30, 2016, AGE surveillance was performed for children between 15 days and 17 years old in the emergency, inpatient, and outpatient settings at Vanderbilt’s Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital in Nashville, TN. Stool specimens were tested for norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, and astrovirus. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the MVS and CS, by viral detection status and by setting.

RESULTS
Of the 6309 eligible children, 4216 (67%) were enrolled, with 3256 (77%) providing a stool specimen. The median age was 1.9 years, 52% were male, and 1387 (43%) of the stool samples were virus positive. Younger age, male sex, hospitalization, and rotavirus detection were significantly associated with higher mean MVS and CS. Non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity was associated with a lower mean MVS and CS as compared with non-Hispanic white race and ethnicity. Prematurity and enrollment in the ED were associated with higher mean CS. The 2 scoring systems were highly correlated.

CONCLUSIONS
Rotavirus continues to be associated with more severe pediatric illness compared with other viral causes of AGE. MVS and CS systems yielded comparable results and can be useful tools to assess AGE severity.
Microstructural and profilometric analysis of thermally sprayed cylinder wall coatings
Authors: Kókai Ákos Levente , Berkes Maros Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCylinder bore coatings are widely used in automotive internal combustion engines to replace cylinder liners. During the atmospheric plasma spraying process, the coatings are oxidized and controlled by the Si content of the steel powder used as the coating raw material. This phenomenon affects the technological process, the microstructure, and the properties of the formed coatings. The research aims to investigate how the Si content of two commercial grades of steel powder commonly used in industry affects the undesirable consequences observed in practice, such as clogging of powder nozzles or large variations in coating hardness. The analyses and industrial experiments show that increasing the Si content can contribute significantly to these undesirable phenomena.
Assessing the relationship between landslide susceptibility and land cover change using machine learning
Authors: Nguyen Huu Duy , Vu Cong Tung , Bretcan Petre , Petrisor Alexandru-Ionut 
Published: May 2024

Landslides are natural disasters most frequent in the mountain region of Vietnam, producing critical damage to human lives and assets. Therefore, precisely identifying the landslide occurrence probability within the region is essential in supporting decision-makers or developers in establishing effective strategies for reducing the damage. This study is aimed at developing a methodology based on machine learning, namely Xgboost (XGB), lightGBM, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Bagging (BA) for assessing the connection of land cover change to landslide susceptibility in Da Lat City, Vietnam. 202 landslide locations and 13 potential drivers became input data for the model. Various statistical indices, namely the root mean square error (RMSE), the area under the curve (AUC), and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to evaluate the proposed models. Our findings indicate that the Xgboost model was better than other models, as shown by the AUC value of 0.94, followed by LightGBM (AUC=0.91), KNN (AUC=0.87), and Bagging (AUC=0.81). In addition, urban areas increased during 2017-2023 from 25 km² to 30 km² in very high landslide susceptibility areas. Our approach can be applied to test the other regions in Vietnam. Our findings might represent a necessary tool for land use planning strategies to reduce damage from natural disasters and landslides.
Parametric study on the decarbonization potential of structural system and concrete mix design choices for mid-rise concrete buildings
Authors: Hafez Hisham , Bajić Petar , Aidarov Stanislav , Malija Xhemsi , Drewniok Michal , Purnell Phil , Tošić Nikola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMid-rise reinforced concrete buildings are projected to continue being the predominant typology for urban development. Thus, reducing the carbon footprint of such buildings is critical for achieving a sustainable built environment. Reducing the amount of concrete and steel in a building through structural and mix design optimization is identified as a primary resource efficiency strategy. This paper is among the first to present evidence of the decarbonization potential of these dematerialization strategies on a building level. The study combines structural design choices such as slab system design, steel reinforcement optimization and span width with materials-based strategies, such as low binder concrete and low-carbon binders. For each scenario, material quantities are calculated following design prescriptions by EN1992–1–1 while state-of-the art life cycle inventory data are adopted to calculate the carbon footprint. Results show that shifting towards more efficient structural systems (i.e., waffle slab system) could save up to 20% of the carbon footprint on the building level compared to more traditional systems, such as slab on beams and flat slabs. In addition, reducing the spans from 7.5 to 5 m can save up to 20% more. Finally, the use of low-clinker cement in low-binder concrete can save another 50% in terms of CO2 impact per built-up area. Realistically, results of the case study concluded that implementing these three strategies could reduce the typical 232 kg CO2e/m2 value of the carbon footprint of structural elements of a mid-rise building up to only 58 kg CO2e/m2, i.e., a four-fold reduction.
Secuencia didáctica por el pensamiento crítico para fortalecer la formación de la ética en los estudiantes de Derecho de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Authors: Yate Vega Jhon Felipe 
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación busca contribuir al análisis de la formación en la ética profesional en estudiantes de octavo, noveno y décimo semestre del pregrado de Derecho pertenecientes a la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, campus Bogotá, con el objetivo de diseñar una secuencia didáctica con base al pensamiento crítico reflexivo para procesos educativos universitarios; la metodología cuantitativa- descriptiva permitió sistematizar los datos recolectados mediante una encuesta estandarizada, logrando allí evidenciar los puntos de opinión desde la toma de decisiones conscientes e inconsciente a situaciones problemas del abogado. Como resultados principales de la encuesta se encontró que existe un alto grado de consciencia ética dentro de los estudiantes de Derecho frente a situaciones específicas de su campo de acción. Sin embargo, se concluye que es importante potencializar las habilidades de pensamiento crítico dado a que cada abogado puede contribuir al mundo a través del buen accionar y que la ética profesional favorezca significativamente las acciones que se impartirán en un contexto laboral, social e individual.
Contamination of E.coli Bacteria in Spamdus Genjahan Water Distribution Network from Karst Groundwater Source
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Purnomo Nugroho Hari , Muzayanah Muzayanah , Kurniawati Aida 
Published: May 2024

Karst groundwater is raw water used by Spamdus Genjahan to fulfill domestic water needs. Considering the vulnerability of karst groundwater to pollution and its distribution process, the research aimed to describe the suitability of water in the network as well as the spatial distribution of E.coli and the relationship between distance and it’s concentration. The concentration of E.coli was tested from water samples taken from 20 outlets as representatives of the close, medium and farthest distances from the source. The feasibility of water is carried out by comparing the results of laboratory tests with the water quality threshold value for clean water and domestic purposes. Spatial distribution was analyzed through spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems, while the relationship between distance and E.coli concentration was carried out using the scatterplot method in GIS. The results showed that the concentration of E.coli in most of the samples was above the allowable threshold for sanitation hygiene purposes. Meanwhile, the distance from the outlet to the source did not show a strong correlation with the level of E.coli concentration. However, there are weak indications that lead to an increase in concentration with the E.coli.
Using Quizlet and Brain Quiz in ESP virtual classroom at technical university (CEFR level B2/C1)
Authors: Shadrina O. V. , Korneeva E. G. , Kabanova N. V. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. The use of game design features in educational activities, or gamification of learning, is a popular, albeit contentious, trend in the field of education right now. This research applies gamification as a strategy to enhance inner motivation and learner autonomy in acquiring L2 technical vocabulary of the second language by students at the B2/C1 level in a virtual classroom.Research Methods. The case study uses a two-cycle action research design to assess the difference between learning terminology with and without Quizlet support throughout a spring semester 2022, observes the development of learner autonomy through a survey, and demonstrates the growth of inner motivation reflected by Brain Quiz team scores.Results and Discussion. The paired-sample t-test findings showed a significant difference between the two vocabulary learning cycles. After utilising Quizlet, students’ vocabulary scores on Moodle quizzes increased by 10 to 15 % on average across all grade levels. As part of the evaluation process, the online formative assessment “Brain Quiz” demonstrates that students with higher performance on Moodle quizzes are able to establish more productive teams.Conclusion. The study can contribute to the English Language Teaching (ELT) literature regarding innovative and technological tools that can improve students’ language skills in the 21st century.
The content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents during the integrated course
Authors: Gavrilov M. V. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. The integrated approach (subject-language integrated learning) creates methodological conditions for the formation of students in non-linguistic areas of training within the framework of an integrated course of two types of competencies simultaneously: foreign language communicative competence and professional competencies. The content of teaching foreign-language oral and written speech to law students is traditionally focused on Russian legislation. At the same time, graduates of the state legal profile in the course of their professional activities face the need to compile international legal documents. However, the selection of the content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents during the integrated course in a professional foreign language is not the subject of a separate study. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to select the content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents.Research Methods. The research is conducted on the basis of studying and summarizing materials of methodological works on the use of a foreign language for special purposes and subject-language integrated learning in teaching students of the field of Law, published in scientific journals of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation’s list (K1, K2), as well as other scientific sources: monographs and textbooks on legal English.Results and Discussion. The content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents has been developed, including: a) claims and complaints to international organizations; b) bilateral agreements between two states; c) cooperation agreements between a state body of the Russian Federation and a state body of a foreign state; d) statements of claim, claims and petitions in protecting the interests of an organization (or public legal entities) in foreign courts; e) agreements on cooperation between domestic and foreign legal entities; f) purchase and sale and lease agreements with non-residents of foreign countries; g) import contracts.Conclusions. The relevance of the research lies in the content selection of teaching law students to compile international legal documents. The results obtained can be used in the development of curricula and educational materials for an integrated course for law students.
“My report will be a memory of something that stands out very vividly in my memory...” (Stanislav Chechek and his activities in the “Society of Participants of the Volga Movement of 1918”)
Authors: Vasilchenko M. A. , Demidova E. I. , Zakharov A. M. 
Published: May 2024

Importance. The activities of the “Society of Participants of the Volga Movement of 1918” are considered and an analysis of its activities as a society for preserving the memory of emigrants about the events of the Civil War in the Volga region is given. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the basis of our sample is the role of its chairman Stanislav Chechek, an active participant in military operations in the Volga region. Particular attention is paid to his work “From Penza to the Urals,” which is created on the basis of a report for members of the Society. This document is analyzed for the first time, despite its availability.Materials and Methods. The research materials are data on the “Society of the Volga Movement of 1918”, stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The work uses a historical-systemic method, which allows us to consider the social activities of S. Chechek and his speech as the highest point in the activities of society. The principles of historicism and objectivism make it possible to analyze the main aspects of the activities of the Society and S. Chechek.Results and Discussion. Based on the study of archival materials and analysis of the text of S. Chechek’s work “From Penza to the Urals”, the public, educational and publication activities of the society, as well as a set of problems that it faced, are considered. Special attention is paid to the activities of his supervisor, through the prism of whose report they are able to rethink his role and significance for the events of the Civil War in Russia.Conclusion. Despite the relatively short period of work, the organization “Society of the Volga Movement of 1918” is able to form a fund of unique profiles of participants in the Civil War, documents and materials that are available to researchers.
Розсіяння і поглинання електромагнітного випромінювання циліндричними об’єктами
Authors: Кокодій Микола Григорович , Протектор Денис Олегович , Гуріна Дар'я Володимирівна , Маслов Вячеслав Олександрович , Гарячевська Ірина Василівна , Приз Іван Опанасович 
Published: May 2024

Досліджено резонансні ефекти, які виникають при падінні електромагнітної хвилі на циліндр. Характер ефектів залежить від співвідношення між діаметром циліндра
і довжиною хвилі випромінювання та від матеріалу циліндра. В товстих циліндрах (D >> l) без поглинання виникають резонанси поверхневої хвилі в вигляді регулярно слідуючих один за другим піків на кривій залежності розсіяння від діаметра. Період слідування визначається показником заломлення.
В дуже тонких металевих провідниках (D << l) спостерігається ефект аномально сильного поглинання електромагнітного випромінювання. Фактор ефективності поглинання металевого провідника діаметром кілька мікрометрів у сантиметровому діапазоні довжин хвиль досягає кількох сотень. Розрахунки розподілу електромагнітного поля всередині та поза провідником показують значне збільшення інтенсивності електромагнітного поля всередині циліндра при деяких співвідношеннях між діаметром провідника і довжиною хвилі випромінювання. Траєкторії потоку вектора Умова-Пойнтінга викривляються, і енергія надходить у провідник з усіх боків. Цей ефект - нерезонансний.
В тонких циліндричних провідниках з великим показником заломлення і малим поглинанням виникають резонанси Фано. При цьому при одних діаметрах розсіяння зростає, з’являється дуже вузький резонансний пік, при других - розсіяння дуже мале. Провідник стає невидимим на деякій довжині хвилі.