bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Making of an Infusion Therapy Nurse: Orientation of the Registered Nurse on an Infusion Therapy Team at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Satterwhite Barbara R. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Orientation to a new job can be an anxiety-producing experience, particularly when the job is specialized, such as that of an infusion therapy nurse at a comprehensive cancer center. With a team approach and using a variety of teaching/learning strategies, as well as individualizing the education plan on the basis of the learner, the orientation process at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center has evolved. The current orientation program fosters the initial development of nurses who, in time, are recognized as experts in infusion therapy.
Standards of Care, and Strategies in the Prevention of Infection: A Primer on Central Venous Catheters (Part 2 of a 3-Part Series)
Authors: Richardson Deborah 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The use of vascular access devices is an inherent component of health care today. The varied situations calling for these devices include: the administration of antibiotics, fluids, pain medications, blood and blood products, and parenteral nutrition; hemodynamic monitoring; and blood sampling. Although these devices are common in the health care environment, they are not without risks. The most common life-threatening complication associated with central venous catheters is infection. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is caused by colonization of the catheter, contamination of the catheter hub or infusate, and/or contamination of the catheter from the skin of the patient or health care worker. The health care worker, such as the vascular access nurse, can affect CRBSI rates by implementing the most current technologies; maintaining current knowledge related to intravenous therapy; implementing, and maintaining aseptic technique; and incorporating the standards, guidelines, and preventive strategies associated with vascular access nursing. This article provides an overview of central venous catheters (CVCs), the issue of CRBSI and CVCs, practice and technologies developed to prevent or decrease infections, current standards and guidelines, and preventive strategies.
Vein Preservation: An Algorithmic Approach to Vascular Access Placement in Patients With Compromised Renal Function
Authors: McLennan Gordon 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have become ubiquitous in the current management of chronic inpatient and outpatient conditions. Many hospitals have developed practice patterns that allow placement of PICC lines by teams of nurses at the bedside. This practice has led to a proliferation of these central venous access devices, and their use has expanded. One of the consequences of a nurse-based placement team is the decrease in physician involvement in decisions regarding the placement of PICC lines. In some settings, PICC placement can become so routine that the type of access needed or the other clinical conditions affecting an individual patient may be overlooked. One example of this problem is the situation in which a patient with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease needs venous access for a nondialysis reason, such as antibiotics, cancer therapy, or total parenteral nutrition. The author discusses ramifications of this problem as well as ways to reduce the chances of mistakes.
Ultrafiltration: A New Challenge for Vascular Access Specialists
Authors: Drafz Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Clinicians working in a facility specializing in cardiac care have probably seen patients with decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) and renal failure. As a vascular access specialist, chances are that clinicians have recently been asked to provide vascular access for a relatively new treatment procedure called peripherally inserted veno-venous ultrafiltration or aquapheresis. This treatment, pioneered between 2002 and 2003, was designed for patients suffering from decompensated CHF, leading to acute fluid overload and renal failure. These patients no longer respond to the traditional diuretic and sodium-depleting therapies and often have no other treatment choices left. This article discusses the vascular access side of this treatment and the associated challenges.
Effects of INR Levels on Bleeding Occurrences During the First 24-hours of Ultrasound Guided PICC Line Insertions
Authors: Daniels Linda S. , Gouvas Margaret O. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A sample of 127 patients with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 1.5 or greater, undergoing a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) insertion, were observed for bleeding at the time of insertion and for 24 hours post insertion. Over 60% of patients experienced no or mild bleeding at insertion. For an INR less than 3.0, fewer than 10% of the sample experienced moderate bleeding within the first 24 hours. No PICCs were discontinued due to bleeding. Results suggest that INR levels below 3.0 did not appear to have an impact on amount of bleeding during PICC insertion. After 24 hours, INR levels of 3.0 and above did appear to have an impact on the amount of bleeding.
Perceptions of the Impact of “Smart Pumps” on Nurses and Nursing Care Provided
Authors: Rosenkoetter Marlene M. , Bowcutt Marilyn , Khasanshina Elena V. , Chernecky Cynthia C. , Wall Jane 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Medication errors occur frequently in hospital settings, creating harmful consequences for patients and families, as well as tremendous financial losses. “Smart pump” technology is one means by which these errors can be reduced. The study reported here is a part of a three phase study and focused on the perceptions of nurses (n=512) in a tertiary care hospital regarding the impact of the implementation of “smart pump” technology and its impact on nursing care provided, medication errors, and job satisfaction. Sociotechnical System Theory and the Life Patterns Model were used to frame the study. The Infusion System Perception Scale was used to assess demographic information, and perceptions of nurses on a 30-item five-point Likert scale. Results indicate that nurses perceived the “pump” increased safe medication administration, did not decrease the perception of the punitive nature of reporting medication errors and did not increase the nurse's workload, but did make routines easier. The “pump” was perceived to increase self-confidence but had no effect on use of the pharmacy staff. Findings suggest that the “pump” could be implemented in a variety of settings, regardless of the age, gender, and educational background of the nurses. The “pump” offers an effective approach to the reduction of intravenous medication errors.
A Controlled Randomized Prospective Comparative Pilot Study to Evaluate the Ease of Use of a Transparent Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel Dressing Versus A Chlorhexidine Gluconate Disk in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Eyberg Chou I. , Pyrek Janine 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Products and technologies that aid health care professionals in vascular access practice save staff time, and while promoting patient safety and prevention of infection can provide excellent opportunities for evaluations to support evidence-based practice. This was an industry sponsored, prospective, single site, controlled, randomized clinical evaluation pilot study of two catheter dressings, 3M™ Tegaderm™ Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) IV Securement Dressing (CHG gel dressing) (3M Health Care, St. Paul, MN) and BIOPATCH® Antimicrobial Dressing with Chlorhexidine Gluconate (BIOPATCH® Protective Disk with CHG, Johnson & Johnson, Somerville, NJ). Twelve intravascular (IV) therapy health care professionals (Clinicians) were asked for their professional evaluations of the catheter dressings: the ease of application and performance factors featured in specific questions. Catheters were secured on 12 healthy volunteers to simulate inserted jugular catheters (IJ) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) using StatLock® PICC Plus and 3M™ Steri-Strip™. Each clinician applied and removed one CHG gel dressing and one CHG disk on one simulated PICC and one simulated IJ site, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
The clinicians concluded, based upon a 1 to 5 rating scale, that the CHG gel dressing is better in regard to ease of application, ease of applying correctly, ease of removal, ability to visualize the insertion site, ease of training another clinician to apply the dressing, and more intuitive application. Twelve out of 12 clinicians favored the CHG gel dressing over the CHG disk in overall performance.
Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters: First Results after the Introduction in a Dutch University Medical Center
Authors: van Boxtel Anton J.H. , Fliedner Monica C. , Borst Dirk M. , Teunissen Saskia C.C.M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze patient outcomes and processes of insertion after the introduction of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC Utrecht) in the Netherlands.
Patients and method: A prospective analysis of PICC inserted in the UMC Utrecht looking at patient characteristics, dwell time and infections.
Results: A total number of 510 PICCs in 439 patients with 17655 catheter days were analyzed using ultrasound (US) and modified Seldinger technique (MST). Overall there were 2.35 catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) per 100 devices and 0.68 infections per 1000 catheter days. When used specifically for home infusion, the CRBSI rates were 1.09 per 100 devices and 0.23 per 1000 catheter days. One advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) inserted all PICCs. Although a full sterile barrier (no hat and gown) was not used during insertion, the infection rate in our study was lower compared to the 1.1 infection per 1000 catheter days reported in a meta-analyses on CRBSI (Maki, Kluger, & Crnich, 2006).
Conclusion: Through the use of modern techniques like US and MST and upper arm insertion of PICCs, the complication rate is lower compared to older techniques as shown in most prospective studies. Extended dwell time, as a positive outcome of using PICCs made more doctors decide to choose a PICC. Age of the patient did not influence dwell time or complications. Further research, preferably a randomized controlled trial, is needed to compare the subclavian catheter with the PICC as well as exploration of the effects of anticipatory choice for PICCs, specifically in immune compromised patients.
A Retrospective Analysis of Our 15-year Experience with Bedside ‘Blind’ Positioning of Long-term Tunneled Groshong® Catheters in the Pre-ultrasound Era
Authors: Pittiruti Mauro , Malerba Marina , La Greca Antonio , Emoli Alessandro , Nanni Lorenzo , Cozza Tiziana 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLong-term tunneled Groshong catheters have been widely used in our institution since 1987, both in adult and pediatric patients, for different purposes (chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, etc.). In the period 1987–2003, most of these catheters were inserted adopting the ‘blind’ percutaneous venipuncture of the internal jugular vein, by the so called ‘low lateral’ approach (Jernigan's technique). Also, with the exception of selected pediatric cases, they have been inserted at the bedside, without intra-operative fluoroscopy. A retrospective analysis of 1848 tunneled Groshong catheters inserted at our institution over a 15 year period (1987–2003) showed that this protocol was particularly safe (low incidence of complications) and cost-effective (low costs: limited use of fluoroscopy and the operating room).
Making the Case for a Nurse-Led Vascular Access Team Utilizing a Quality Assurance Conceptual Framework
Authors: Beerman Amanda L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The cost of complications of central venous access devices (CVADs) in today's health care setting is creating a financial burden, increasing the expenditures of resources, and consuming the time of health care providers to resolve. As the roles of nurses continue to evolve, nurses may be in a position to recognize and prevent many of these complications. This paper proposes a conceptual model to address the issues related to caring for and monitoring CVADs, while reducing complications and increasing quality of patient care.
Impact of the Positive Pressure Valve on Vascular Access Device Occlusions and Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Khalidi Nabil , Kovacevich Debra S. , Papke-O'Donnell Lorelei F. , Btaiche Imad 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background/Purpose: The use of needleless positive pressure connector valves (PPVs) on venous access devices (VADs) has been shown to have possible benefits in decreasing VAD occlusion rates. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) rates, however, have been variable. With this potential for improving patient outcomes, decreasing costs, and facilitating nursing care and catheter management, the use of PPV devices becomes both advantageous and desirable.
Methodology: This was a randomized, prospective, parallel clinical study of 160 medical and surgical step-down unit patients requiring parenteral therapies. Patients were equally randomized to two study groups to assess the impact on occlusion and CRBSI rates, using a PPV versus a standard cap without PPV. VADs included both peripherally inserted catheters (PICCs) and midlines.
Results: Seven VAD occlusions occurred; six in the experimental group, one in the control group (p = 0.43). Also, two CRBSIs occurred in the experimental group, with none in the control group (p = 0.497). All incidents occurred in doublelumen PICCs. The lack of statistical difference between the two groups for occlusions and CRBSIs indicates that the use of PPVs had no impact in preventing such outcomes. However, it was observed that the number of double-lumen PICCs and their dwelling time in the experimental group was significantly higher (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: There was no difference in the rate of catheter occlusions or CRBSIs when using PPVs or standard caps. We consider that the study outcomes may be due to the study's small sample size, and we speculate that longer dwell time of double lumen catheters may have contributed to these outcomes. These observations deserve further investigation. However, the use of PPVs may still be advantageous from a nursing process perspective.
Functions of remembering and misremembering emotion
Authors: Levine Linda J. , Lench Heather C. , Safer Martin A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMemory for the emotions evoked by past events guides people's ongoing behaviour and future plans. Evidence indicates that emotions are represented in at least two forms in memory with different properties. Explicit memories of emotion can be retrieved deliberately, in a flexible manner, across situations. Implicit memories of emotion are brought to mind automatically by cues resembling the context in which an emotional event occurred. One property they share, however, is that both types of memory are subject to forgetting and bias over time as people's goals and appraisals of past emotional events change. This article reviews the cognitive and motivational mechanisms that underlie stability and change in memory for emotion. We also address functions that remembering and misremembering emotion may serve for individuals and groups. Although memory bias is typically viewed as problematic, changes in representations of emotional experience often promote goal‐directed behaviour and facilitate coping with challenging situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoluminescence‐Based Sensing With Porous Silicon Films, Microparticles, and Nanoparticles
Authors: Sailor Michael J. , Wu Elizabeth C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHere, chemical sensors made from porous Si are reviewed, with an emphasis on systems that harness photoluminescence and related energy‐ and charge‐transfer mechanisms available to porous Si‐derived nanocrystallites. Quenching of luminescence by molecular adsorbates involves the harvesting of energy from a delocalized nanostructure that can be much larger than the molecule being sensed, providing a means to amplify the sensory event. The interaction of chemical species on the surface of porous Si can exert a pronounced influence on this process, and examples of some of the key chemical reactions that modify either the surface or the bulk properties of porous Si are presented. Sensors based on micron‐scale and smaller porous Si particles are also discussed. Miniaturization to this size regime enables new applications, including imaging of cancerous tissues, indirect detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and controlled drug release. Examples of environmental and in vivo sensing systems enabled by porous Si are provided.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Phenyl‐Substituted Alkenes using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant
Authors: Bueno Aline C. , de Souza Ágatha O. , Gusevskaya Elena V. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of styrene and 2‐vinylnaphthalene in dimethylacetamide/water or dimethylformamide/water solutions under mild conditions has been developed, in which palladium(II) chloride is used in the absence of co‐catalysts or special stabilizing ligands as the sole and recyclable catalyst. The corresponding methyl ketones have been obtained in good to excellent yields with low catalyst loadings (0.2–5 mol%) and high turnover numbers (up to ca. 1000 to palladium). This simple and efficient catalytic method represents an ecologically benign and economically attractive synthetic pathway to industrially important compounds used in the manufacture of various polymers and drugs.
Bacillus subtilis Esterase (BS2) and its Double Mutant Have Different Selectivity in the Removal of Carboxyl Protecting Groups
Authors: Barbayianni Efrosini , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Bartsch Sebastian , Drakou Christina , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Kokotos George 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn esterase from Bacillus subtilis (BS2) and its double mutant E188W/M193C quickly hydrolyze n‐butyl, n‐propyl, methoxyethyl and allyl esters. The wild‐type BS2 preferentially removes such esters from the γ‐position of glutamate diesters, while the engineered enzyme has a reversed selectivity removing esters from the α‐position of glutamate diesters. Automated docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand the molecular reason for the different regioselectivity.
Recyclable Heterogeneous Supported Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Halides: Base‐Controlled Differential Arylthiolation of Bromoiodobenzenes
Authors: Bhadra Sukalyan , Sreedhar Bojja , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlumina‐supported copper sulfate efficiently catalyzes the S‐arylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic thiols with aryl as well as heteroaryl halides under aerobic, ligand‐free conditions. This protocol provides an easy access to a variety of thioethers as well as unsymmetrical bis‐thioethers by base‐controlled differential coupling of thiols with iodo‐ and bromo‐substituents in an aromatic halide. The catalyst is inexpensive, non‐air sensitive, environmentally friendly and recyclable.
Chemical, Electrochemical, and Structural Properties of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Authors: Chaur Manuel N. , Melin Frederic , Ortiz Angy L. , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEver since the first experimental evidence of the existence of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) was obtained, the search for carbon cages with encapsulated metals and small molecules has become a very active field of research. EMFs exhibit unique electronic and structural features, with potential applications in many fields. Furthermore, functionalized EMFs offer additional potential applications because of their higher solubility and their ease of characterization by X‐ray crystallography and other techniques. Herein we review the general field of EMFs, particularly of functionalized EMFs. We also address their structures and their (electrochemical) properties, as well as applications of these fascinating compounds.
Close mimicry of lung surfactant protein B by “clicked” dimers of helical, cationic peptoids
Authors: Dohm Michelle T. , Seurynck‐Servoss Shannon L. , Seo Jiwon , Zuckermann Ronald N. , Barron Annelise E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA family of peptoid dimers developed to mimic SP‐B is presented, where two amphipathic, cationic helices are linked by an achiral octameric chain. SP‐B is a vital therapeutic protein in lung surfactant replacement therapy, but its large‐scale isolation or chemical synthesis is impractical. Enhanced biomimicry of SP‐B's disulfide‐bonded structure has been previously attempted via disulfide‐mediated dimerization of SP‐B1‐25 and other peptide mimics, which improved surface activity relative to the monomers. Herein, the effects of disulfide‐ or “click”‐mediated (1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition) dimerization, as well as linker chemistry, on the lipid‐associated surfactant activity of a peptoid monomer are described. Results revealed that the ‘clicked’ peptoid dimer enhanced in vitro surface activity in a DPPC:POPG:PA lipid film relative to its disulfide‐bonded and monomeric counterparts in both surface balance and pulsating bubble surfactometry studies. On the pulsating bubble surfactometer, the film containing the “clicked” peptoid dimer outperformed all presented peptoid monomers and dimers, and two SP‐B derived peptides, attaining an adsorbed surface tension of 22 mN m−1, and maximum and minimum cycling values of 42 mN m−1 and near‐zero, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 538–553, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Copper‐Catalyzed Amine–Alkyne–Alkyne Addition Reaction: An Efficient Method For the Synthesis of γ,δ‐Alkynyl‐β‐amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Zhou Lei , Shuai Qi , Jiang Huan‐feng , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of γ,δ‐alkynyl‐β‐amino acid derivatives by a copper‐catalyzed three‐component amine–alkyne–alkyne addition reaction was developed. Various γ,δ‐alkynyl‐β‐amino acid derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields in one step. With chiral prolinol derivatives employed as the amine component, excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 diastereomeric ratio (dr)) were obtained. The scope of the reaction and further transformations of the resulting amino acid derivatives, such as deprotection and cyclization are also described.