bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reliability of three depression rating scales in a general population of Dutch older persons
Authors: van de Rest Ondine , van der Zwaluw Nikita , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. , Geleijnse Johanna M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the reliability of three rating scales for assessing depressive symptoms in a community‐based, non‐clinically depressed older population.MethodsThe study sample comprised of 302 independently living subjects aged 65 years or older. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES‐D), the geriatric depression scale (GDS‐15) and the Montgomery and Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) at three time points: at baseline, after 13 weeks (except the GDS‐15) and after 26 weeks. Three dimensions of reliability were compared: (i) internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), (ii) reproducibility (Spearman correlations) and (iii) the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability (Spearman correlations to compare the differences between correlations of subjects tested by the same vs. different raters at three time points).ResultsCronbach's alpha was high for the CES‐D (0.84), good for the MADRS (0.72) and relatively low for the GDS‐15 (0.55). Reproducibility was also higher for the CES‐D (0.71) than for the MADRS (0.61) and the GDS‐15 (0.52). The rater had little influence on CES‐D scores (intra/inter‐rater ratio = 0.99). The GDS‐15 and the MADRS, however, performed better when administered by the same rater.ConclusionsThe CES‐D was the most reliable scale for measuring depressive symptoms in a non‐clinically depressed older population. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain‐behavior relationships in young traumatic brain injury patients: DTI metrics are highly correlated with postural control
Authors: Caeyenberghs Karen , Leemans Alexander , Geurts Monique , Taymans Tom , Linden Catharine Vander , Smits‐Engelsman Bouwien C. M. , Sunaert Stefan , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of impairment and functional disability in children and adolescents, including deterioration in fine as well as gross motor skills. The aim of this study was to assess deficits in sensory organization and postural ability in a young group of TBI patients versus controls by using quantitative force‐platform recordings, and to test whether balance deficits are related to variation in structural properties of the motor and sensory white matter pathways. Twelve patients with TBI and 14 controls (aged 8–20 years) performed the Sensory Organisation Test (SOT) protocol of the EquiTest® (Neurocom). All participants were scanned using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) along with standard anatomical scans. Quantitative comparisons of DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivity) between TBI patients and controls were performed. Correlations between DTI parameters and SOT balance scores were determined. Findings revealed that the TBI group scored generally lower than the control group on the SOT, indicative of deficits in postural control. In the TBI group, reductions in fractional anisotropy were noted in the cerebellum, posterior thalamic radiation, and corticospinal tract. Degree of white matter deterioration was highly correlated with balance deficits. This study supports the view that DTI is a valuable tool for assessing the integrity of white matter structures and for selectively predicting functional motor deficits in TBI patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying spatially overlapping local cortical networks with MEG
Authors: Duncan Keith Kawabata , Hadjipapas Avgis , Li Sheng , Kourtzi Zoe , Bagshaw Andy , Barnes Gareth 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent modelling studies (Hadjipapas et al. [2009]: Neuroimage 44:1290‐1303) have shown that it may be possible to distinguish between different neuronal populations on the basis of their macroscopically measured (EEG/MEG) mean field. We set out to test whether the different orientation columns contributing to a signal at a specific cortical location could be identified based on the measured MEG signal. We used 1.5deg square, static, obliquely oriented grating stimuli to generate sustained gamma oscillations in a focal region of primary visual cortex. We then used multivariate classifier methods to predict the orientation (left or right oblique) of the stimuli based purely on the time‐series data from this one location. Both the single trial evoked response (0–300 ms) and induced post‐transient power spectra (300–2,300 ms, 20–70 Hz band) due to the different stimuli were classifiable significantly above chance in 11/12 and 10/12 datasets respectively. Interestingly, stimulus‐specific information is preserved in the sustained part of the gamma oscillation, long after perception has occurred and all neuronal transients have decayed. Importantly, the classification of this induced oscillation was still possible even when the power spectra were rank‐transformed showing that the different underlying networks give rise to different characteristic temporal signatures. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural brain differences and cognitive functioning related to body mass index in older females
Authors: Walther Katrin , Birdsill Alex C. , Glisky Elizabeth L. , Ryan Lee 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLittle is known about the effect of obesity on brain structures and cognition in healthy older adults. This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI), regional volume differences in gray and white matter measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive functioning in older females. Participants included 95 community‐dwelling older females (ages 52–92 years) who underwent extensive neuropsychological testing and high‐resolution MRI scanning. Optimized voxel‐based morphometry techniques were employed to determine the correlation between BMI and regional gray and white matter volumes. Volumes of significant regions were then correlated with cognitive functioning. Higher BMI was associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the left orbitofrontal, right inferior frontal, and right precentral gyri, a right posterior region including the parahippocampal, fusiform, and lingual gyri, and right cerebellar regions, as well as increased volumes of white matter in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, even when hypertension was considered. Compared to normal weight women, obese women performed poorer on tests of executive functioning. Smaller gray matter volume in the left orbitofrontal region was associated with lower executive functioning. Additionally, despite the lack of significant group differences in memory and visuomotor speed, gray and white matter volumes predicted performance on these measures. The results provide additional evidence for a negative link between increased body fat and brain functioning in older females. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levels of oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in thyroid neoplasia
Authors: Young Orla , Crotty Tom , O'Connell Rohana , O'Sullivan Jacintha , Curran Aongus J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the presence of oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in thyroid neoplasia.MethodsUsing tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, we assessed levels of DNA damage (8‐oxo‐dG) and lipid peroxidation (4‐HNE) in 71 follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), 45 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and 17 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and matched normal thyroid tissue.ResultsCytoplasmic 8‐oxo‐dG and 4‐HNE expression was significantly higher in FTA, FTC, and PTC tissue compared to matched normal tissue (all p values < .001). Similarly, elevated nuclear levels of 8‐oxo‐dG were seen in all in FTA, FTC, and PTC tissue compared to matched normal (p values < .07, < .001, < .001, respectively). In contrast, a higher level of 4‐HNE expression was detected in normal thyroid tissue compared with matched tumor tissue (p < .001 for all groups). Comparing all 3 groups, 4‐HNE levels were higher than 8‐oxo‐dG levels (p < .001 for all groups) except that cytoplasmic levels of 8‐oxo‐dG were higher than 4‐HNE in all (p < .001). These results were independent of proliferation status.ConclusionHigh levels of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasia indicates this damage is an early event that may influence disease progression. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
An analysis of alternative conceptual models relating hyporheic exchange flow to diel fluctuations in discharge during baseflow recession
Authors: Wondzell Steven M. , Gooseff Michael N. , McGlynn Brian L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiel fluctuations in stream flow during baseflow have been observed in many streams and are typically attributed to water losses from evapotranspiration (ET). However, there is no widely transferable conceptual model that explains how ET results in diel fluctuations in streamflow at the watershed outlet. For fluctuations to occur, two factors must be present: (1) some process must generate the fluctuations and transfer them to the stream channel, and (2) fluctuations must be accumulated and transported down the stream network in such a way that they arrive at a stream gauge as a coherent signal. We have previously shown how stream flow velocity affects the transport of diel fluctuations in discharge through a stream network. Here, we examined how riparian ET and hyporheic exchange flows generate diel fluctuations in discharge. We hypothesized that ET would cause a slight drawdown of riparian aquifers during the day, slightly increasing head gradients away from the stream and slightly reducing head gradients back to the stream. Thus, slightly more water would flow into the hyporheic zone than is returned to the stream, gradually reducing stream discharge. The process would be reversed at night. Using stream‐tracer experiments and riparian water‐level data, we tested two hypotheses related to this conceptual model—that the amplitude (H1) and time lag (H2) of diel aquifer drawdown would be constant over the summer. Neither hypothesis was supported by our data. We conclude that the processes that link watershed ET with streams include both local‐ and watershed‐scale effects. Conceptual models attempting to explain diel fluctuations need to include the combined effects of ET on lateral inputs and hyporheic exchange flows, the redistribution of water within riparian aquifers, and the transport of ET signals from the whole stream network to the stream gauge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐establishment of soil water repellency after destruction by intense burning in a Mediterranean heathland (SW Spain)
Authors: Jordán Antonio , González Félix A. , Zavala Lorena M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSoil water repellency has been conventionally considered as a fire‐induced effect, but an increasing number of studies have suggested that natural background repellency occurs in many soil types, and many of them have suggested that water repellency can be re‐established over time after being destroyed. An experimental fire was conducted to study changes of the soil surface during the first 18 months following intense burning. The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (1) to investigate in situ water repellency changes at three soil depths (0, 2 and 4 cm) immediately after burning; (2) to evaluate the medium‐term evolution of water repellency under field conditions; and (3) to outline the main hydrological consequences of these changes. Also, different water repellency tests (water drop penetration time, ethanol percentage test (EPT) and contact angle (CA) between water drops and the soil surface) were carried out for comparison purposes. Field experiments showed that soil water repellency was partly destroyed after intense burning. Changes were relatively strong at the soil surface, but diminished progressively with depth. Levels of water repellency were practically re‐established 18 months after burning. This suggests that water repellency in the studied area is not necessarily a consequence of fire, but can instead be a natural attribute. Finally, although limited in time, destruction of soil water repellency has important consequences for runoff flow generation and soil loss rates, and, indirectly, for water quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsaturated zone fracture flow contributions to stream flow: evidence for the process in South Africa and its importance
Authors: Hughes D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnderstanding hydrological processes has always been important to the development and successful application of conceptual hydrological models. It can also contribute to informed water resources management, particularly in the context of understanding the potential impacts of both land use and climate change. Improved conceptual and quantitative understanding of near‐surface hydrological processes emerged through field studies during the 1960s to1980s; however, there remains a degree of ambiguity about the processes that link surface water and groundwater. This is especially the case in South Africa where a great deal of confusion has arisen about the source of the ‘baseflow’ signal in stream flow observations. This paper suggests that fracture flow within the unsaturated zone could have a lateral component and therefore re‐emerge and contribute to stream flow in catchments with relatively steep topography. The implication is that ‘baseflows’ could be made up of groundwater contributions (caused by intersection of the water table with stream channels) as well as an unsaturated zone flow component. Evidence for the existence of the process is presented on the basis of small‐scale observations and interpretations of stream flow observations. The potential importance of the process relates to interpreting different methods of recharge estimation, assessing the impacts of groundwater abstraction on stream flow, as well as the application and interpretation of the results of hydrological models. The conclusions are that the process does exist, but that there is less than conclusive evidence for its importance. There is therefore a need for further studies that can quantify the scale of the process and therefore its importance. Only then will it be possible to develop a consistent understanding of the processes of surface water and groundwater interaction and therefore manage water resources in a truly integrated manner. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified passive capillary samplers for collecting samples of snowmelt infiltration for stable isotope analysis in remote, seasonally inaccessible watersheds 1: laboratory evaluation
Authors: Frisbee Marty D. , Phillips Fred M. , Campbell Andrew R. , Hendrickx Jan M. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSnowmelt is the most significant source of runoff generation and recharge in many of the mountainous watersheds worldwide and this is especially true in the southwestern United States. Yet, the isotopic and geochemical composition of the soil–meltwater endmember remains poorly constrained. Using the isotopic compositions of snow and snowmelt runoff samples taken from the landscape surface as proxies for soil–meltwater endmembers is problematic since they are typically not representative of the actual composition of soil meltwater. Furthermore, the applicability of current methodologies to collect the isotopic composition of meltwater is limited because of the remote and often seasonally inaccessible nature of the terrain where snowpacks develop. Therefore, a robust methodology requiring little maintenance or monitoring is desirable. A lab experiment was conducted to determine the suitability of using a modified passive capillary sampler (M‐PCAPS) design to collect snowmelt infiltration for isotopic analysis. Passive capillary samplers are constructed from fiberglass wicks that can be installed in the soil to sample vadose‐zone waters under a wide range of matric potentials and require little maintenance. Results from this lab experiment indicate that the wicking process associated with M‐PCAPS does not fractionate water but certain precautions are necessary to prevent exchange between the wick and the atmosphere. In this experiment, M‐PCAPS effectively tracked the changing isotopic composition of a soil reservoir undergoing evaporation. Therefore, M‐PCAPS provide a robust methodology to sample the isotopic composition of snowmelt infiltration in remote watersheds and similar applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An examination of snow redistribution over smooth land‐fast sea ice
Authors: Iacozza J. , Barber D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn understanding of temporal evolution of snow on sea ice at different spatial scales is essential for improvement of snow parameterization in sea ice models. One of the problems we face, however, is that long‐term climate data are routinely available for land and not for sea ice. In this paper, we examine the temporal evolution of snow over smooth land‐fast first‐year sea ice using observational and modelled data. Changes in probability density functions indicate that depositional and drifting events control the evolution of snow distribution. Geostatistical analysis suggests that snowdrifts increased over the study period, and the orientation was related to the meteorological conditions. At the microscale, the temporal evolution of the snowdrifts was a product of infilling in the valleys between drifts.Results using two shore‐based climate reporting stations (Paulatuk and Tuktoyuktuk, NWT) suggest that on‐ice air temperature and relative humidity can be estimated using air temperature recorded at either station. Wind speed, direction and precipitation on ice cannot be accurately estimated using meteorological data from either station. The temporal evolution of snow distribution over smooth land‐fast sea ice was modelled using SnowModel and four different forcing regimes. The results from these model runs indicate a lack of agreement between observed distribution and model outputs. The reasons for these results are lack of meteorological measurements prior to the end of January, lack of spatially adequate surface topography and discrepancies between meteorological variables on land and ice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early and late effects of the immunosuppressants rapamycin and mycophenolate mofetil on UV carcinogenesis
Authors: de Gruijl F.R. , Koehl G.E. , Voskamp P. , Strik A. , Rebel H.G. , Gaumann A. , de Fijter J.W. , Tensen C.P. , Bavinck J.N. Bouwes , Geissler E.K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIncreased skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients has been experimentally emulated with enhanced UV carcinogenesis from administering conventional immunosuppressants. However, newer generation immunosuppressive drugs, rapamycin (Rapa) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), have been shown to impair angiogenesis and outgrowth of tumor implants. To ascertain the overall effect on UV carcinogenesis, Rapa and MMF were admixed into the food pellets of hairless SKH1 mice receiving daily sub‐sunburn UV dosages. With immunosuppressive blood levels neither of the drugs affected onset of tumors (<2 mm), but in contrast to MMF, Rapa significantly increased latency of large tumors (≥4 mm, medians of 190 vs 125 days) and reduced their multiplicity (1.6 vs 4.5 tumors per mouse at 200 days). Interestingly, tumors (>2 mm) from the Rapa‐fed group showed a reduction in UV‐signature p53 mutations (39% vs 90%) in favor of mutations from putative base oxidation. This shift in mutation spectrum was not essentially linked to the reduction in large tumors because it was absent in large tumors similarly reduced in number when feeding Rapa in combination with MMF, possibly owing to an antioxidant effect of MMF. Significantly fewer tumor cells were Vegf‐positive in the Rapa‐fed groups, but a correspondingly reduced expression of Hif1α target genes (Vegf, Ldha, Glut1, Pdk1) that would indicate altered glucose metabolism with increased oxidative stress was not found. Remarkably, we observed no effect of the immunosuppressants on UV‐induced tumor onset, and with impaired tumor outgrowth Rapa could therefore strongly reduce skin carcinoma morbidity and mortality rates in organ transplant recipients.
Novel soluble HLA‐A2/MELAN‐A complexes selectively stain a differentiation defective subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in patients with melanoma
Authors: Guillaume Philippe , Baumgaertner Petra , Neff Laurence , Rufer Nathalie , Wettstein Peter , Speiser Daniel E. , Luescher Immanuel F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMultimeric MHC I‐peptide complexes containing phycoerythrin‐streptavidin are widely used to detect and investigate antigen‐specific CD8+ (and CD4+) T cells. Because such reagents are heterogeneous, we compared their binding characteristics with those of monodisperse dimeric, tetrameric and octameric complexes containing linkers of variable length and flexibility on Melan‐A‐specific CD8+ T cell clones and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HLA‐A*0201+ melanoma patients. Striking binding differences were observed for different defined A2/Melan‐A26‐35 complexes on T cells depending on their differentiation stage. In particular, short dimeric but not octameric A2/Melan‐A26‐35 complexes selectively and avidly stained incompletely differentiated effector‐memory T cells clones and populations expressing CD27 and CD28 and low levels of cytolytic mediators (granzymes and perforin). This subpopulation was found in PBMC from all six melanoma patients analyzed and proliferated on peptide stimulation with only modest phenotypic changes. By contrast influenza matrix58‐66 ‐specific CD8+ PBMC from nine HLA‐A*0201+ healthy donors were efficiently stained by A2/Flu matrix58‐61 multimers, but not dimer and upon peptide stimulation proliferated and differentiated from memory into effector T cells. Thus PBMC from melanoma patients contain a differentiation defective sub‐population of Melan‐A‐specific CD8+ T cells that can be selectively and efficiently stained by short dimeric A2/Melan‐ A26‐35 complexes, which makes them directly accessible for longitudinal monitoring and further investigation.
Changes in the risk of death from cancer up to five years after diagnosis in elderly patients: A study of five common cancers
Authors: Colonna Marc , Bossard Nadine , Remontet Laurent , Grosclaude Pascale 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCancer mortality in elderly people is described to highlight the mechanisms that could potentially explain observed differences with other age groups. Data from 15 French cancer registries were considered in the search for the 5‐year outcome of patients diagnosed during the period 1989–1997. Relative survival, excess mortality hazard, and hazard ratio of mortality were estimated to describe patient outcome according to age. Five cancer sites were selected: colon/rectum, prostate, breast, head/neck, and lung. An excess mortality rate was found in patients aged over 75 at the time of diagnosis. This excess mortality rate was mainly seen during the first months after diagnosis, then it decreased gradually with time. An initial phenomenon of patient selection, a greater disease severity at the time of diagnosis, and less‐effective treatments given to elderly patients are the most plausible explanations for the increased risk of cancer‐related death in the eldest patients.