bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once Again: What is the ‘First Proposition’ in Kant's Groundwork? Some Refinements, a New Proposal, and a Reply to Henry Allison
Authors: Schönecker Dieter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDiscussing the concept of duty in Groundwork 1, Kant refers to a ‘second proposition’ and a ‘third proposition’, the latter being a ‘Folgerung aus beiden vorigen’. However, Kant does not identify what the ‘first proposition’ is. In this paper, I will argue that the first proposition is this: An action from duty is an action from respect for the moral law. I defend this claim against a critique put forward by Allison according to which ‘respect’ is a concept that is not, and could not be, introduced in paragraphs 9–13 of Groundwork 1. Further, I will argue that the first proposition as I understand it can also be reconstructed as the conclusion (‘Folgerung’) of a deductive argument proper; however, I will also discuss the option that ‘Folgerung’ could be understood as a corollary rather than a conclusion. Finally, Allison's own interpretation will be criticized.
What Does Kant Mean by ‘Power of Judgement’ in hisCritique of the Power of Judgement?
Authors: Teufel Thomas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe notion of ‘power of judgement’ in the title of Kant'sCritique of the Power of Judgementis commonly taken to refer to a cognitive power inclusive of both determining judgement and reflecting judgement. I argue, first, that this seemingly innocuous view is in conflict both with the textual fact that Kant attempts a Critical justification of the reflecting power of judgement – only – and with the systematic impossibility of a transcendentally grounded determining power of judgement. The conventional response to these difficulties is to point out that, Kant's systematic ambitions in the thirdCritiquenotwithstanding, reflection, qua concept-forming synthesis, is too closely tied to determination to be a cognitive power in its own right. I argue, second, that this response is question-begging, since the notion of reflection it employs is not only not one central to the thirdCritiquebut one antecedently tied to the understanding. I argue, third, that Kant's discussion, in the pivotal § § 76–7, of our cognitive relation to sensible particularity addresses an epistemic problem present (but not raised) in theCritique of Pure Reason. This is the problem of the synthesizability, qua absolute unity, of unsynthesized intuitions. Solving this problem requires Critical justification of a principle of reflection. It follows that Kant's systematic ambitions in the thirdCritiqueare appropriate. Given the problem Kant seeks to address, he must offer what he takes himself to be offering: aCritique of the(Reflecting)Power of Judgement.
A Kantian Critique of the Care Tradition: Family Law and Systemic Justice
Authors: Varden Helga 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLiberal theories of justice have been rightly criticized for two things by care theorists. First, they have failed to deal with private care relations’ inherent (inter)dependency, asymmetry and particularity. Second, they have been shown unable properly to address the asymmetry and dependency constitutive of care workers’ and care-receivers’ systemic conditions. I apply Kant’s theory of right to show that current care theories unfortunately reproduce similar problems because they also argue on the assumption that good care requires only virtuous private individuals. Giving up this assumption enables us to solve the problems regarding both private care relations and systemic injustice.
The Sources and Interpretation of Olympic Law
Authors: James Mark , Osborn Guy 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article, Mark James and Guy Osborn discuss how the relationships between the various members of the Olympic Movement are governed by the Olympic Charter and the legal framework within which an edition of the Olympic Games is organised. The legal status of the Charter and its interpretation by the Court of Arbitration for Sport are examined to identify who is subject to its terms and how challenges to its requirements can be made. Finally, by using the UK legislation that has been enacted to regulate advertising and trading at London 2012, the far-reaching and sometimes unexpected reach of Olympic Law is explored.
Olympics and International Sports Law Research Guide
Authors: Cho Esther 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Olympic Games are the world's most recognised international sporting event alongside the FIFA World Cup. Started in ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were revived in modern times in 1896 and occur every four years. This article, by Esther Cho, discusses how to research the structure and legal aspects of the Olympic Movement. It also encompasses the general array of international sports law resources connected to the Olympic Movement.
A Mare's Nest? The Jockey Club and Judicial Review of Sports Governing Bodies
Authors: Morgan Jonathan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article Jonathan Morgan reveals how the tradition of self-regulation in British sport has raised difficult questions for lawyers. On what basis can the decisions of governing bodies – which are clearly not organs of the state – be challenged? The Jockey Club was a regular subject of legal challenges from the mid 20th Century. An analysis of those cases illuminates the wider debate concerning the basis and extent of judicial review in English law.
Copyright and Contracts: the Use of Electronic Resources Provided by University Libraries
Authors: Shelly Marita , Jackson Margaret 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUniversities enter into contracts with publishers or providers of aggregated resources on behalf of university libraries to provide staff and students with access to material in electronic format for educational and research purposes. Following a brief review of twelve database provider contracts, our research demonstrates that Australian academics are potentially breaching the contractual terms and conditions of electronic resources when accessing, downloading and printing articles and other materials. They are covered for research purposes, but not for educational purposes.
Online Legal Information Systems in India: a Case Study from the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this digital age, users require immediate access to information. To foster the process of research, the legal fraternity demands efficient online legal information systems. Raj Kumar Bhardwaj provides a view from India and reports on a case study that has been conducted on the use of various legal information databases in the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, India. In his paper, he also reviews and discusses the various aspects relating to legal information retrieval systems, with particular reference to the various essential legal databases that cover Indian law.
Aromatase inhibitors and mood disturbances
Authors: Rocha-Cadman Xiomara , Massie Mary Jane , Du Hamel Katherine 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe describe the case of a 56-year old woman with no prior psychiatric history who was diagnosed with hormone receptor positive early-stage breast cancer and who developed severe mood changes after administration of anastrozole, which resolved after discontinuation of treatment. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the preferred hormonal approach for postmenopausal women with estrogen hormone sensitive breast cancer. The third-generation agents (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) have been shown to be more effective and safer than the selective estrogen receptor modulators tamoxifen and raloxifen. Treatment strategies with these agents include the use of an AI as an upfront strategy for 5 years, as a sequential approach after 2–3 years of tamoxifen, or as extended use after the classical 5 years of tamoxifen. The side effects of AIs, as compared with selective estrogen receptor modulators, are different, reflecting the specific mechanism of action of these drugs. AIs are well tolerated and cause a lower incidence of gynecological symptoms (vaginal bleeding, discharge, and endometrial neoplasia), venous thromboembolic events, and hot flashes compared with tamoxifen. However, the use of AIs have been associated with loss of bone density, arthralgia, myalgia, a negative effect on lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular risk (Tomao et al., 2011). Mood disturbances, somnolence, anxiety, fatigue, hot flashes, and memory impairment have been reported among patients receiving anastrozole as adjuvant therapy.
Stress‐ and aftershock‐constrained joint inversions for coseismic and postseismic slip applied to the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Hainzl Sebastian , Zöller Gert , Holschneider Matthias 
Published: June 2012

Both aftershocks and geodetically measured postseismic displacements are important markers of the stress relaxation process following large earthquakes. Postseismic displacements can be related to creep‐like relaxation in the vicinity of the coseismic rupture by means of inversion methods. However, the results of slip inversions are typically non‐unique and subject to large uncertainties. Therefore, we explore the possibility to improve inversions by mechanical constraints. In particular, we take into account the physical understanding that postseismic deformation is stress‐driven, and occurs in the coseismically stressed zone. We do joint inversions for coseismic and postseismic slip in a Bayesian framework in the case of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake. We perform a number of inversions with different constraints, and calculate their statistical significance. According to information criteria, the best result is preferably related to a physically reasonable model constrained by the stress‐condition (namely postseismic creep is driven by coseismic stress) and the condition that coseismic slip and large aftershocks are disjunct. This model explains 97% of the coseismic displacements and 91% of the postseismic displacements during day 1–5 following the Parkfield event, respectively. It indicates that the major postseismic deformation can be generally explained by a stress relaxation process for the Parkfield case. This result also indicates that the data to constrain the coseismic slip model could be enriched postseismically. For the 2004 Parkfield event, we additionally observe asymmetric relaxation process at the two sides of the fault, which can be explained by material contrast ratio across the fault of ∼1.15 in seismic velocity.
Temporal changes of seismic velocity associated with the 2006 Mw 6.1 Taitung earthquake in an arc‐continent collision suture zone
Authors: Yu Tai‐Chieh , Hung Shu‐Huei 
Published: June 2012

To detect temporal changes of elastic properties associated with the 2006 Mw 6.1 Taitung earthquake in southeast Taiwan, whereby the collision between the Luzon arc riding on the Philippine Sea plate and the Asian margin is taking place, we construct the Green's functions from auto‐ and cross‐correlation function (ACF and CCF) of continuous ambient noise between stations. Time lapse changes in the retrieved coda arrivals are estimated for monitoring spatiotemporal variations of seismic velocities around the ruptured fault zones. To the south of the main shock epicenter where the earthquake may have ruptured along two perpendicularly‐intersecting fault planes resulting in intense coseismic slip and widely‐dispersed aftershocks, the ACFs (2–8 Hz) at nearby stations reveal a large, sudden velocity drop of over 1% after the event occurrence. The CCFs (0.1–0.9 Hz) also show moderate reduction about 0.1% for the interstation paths traveling through the southeast quadrant of the focal sphere which has experienced the maximum peak ground acceleration and dilatational strain change. The intense seismic shaking combined with the rupture‐induced damage near the junction of the two faults is the most plausible cause for such localized, but significant coseismic velocity reduction. The response of groundwater levels to precipitation is in‐phase correlated with velocity variations over 3 years of investigation. Unlike the postseismic surface displacements gradually relaxed, the velocity remained slow until October 2006 due to the typhoon‐induced heavy rains between May and September.
The Indian summer monsoon during peaks in the 11 year sunspot cycle
Authors: van Loon Harry , Meehl Gerald A. 
Published: June 2012

An analysis of sea‐level pressure anomalies at 14 sunspot peaks in the 11 year solar cycle in the Indian region in summer shows that the mean sea level pressure anomalies consist of relatively high pressure over land surrounded by low pressure anomalies over the sea. This signal is robust enough to appear when the data are divided into two segments. The accompanying mean rainfall anomalies, with anomalies as high as 20% above normal, have maxima on the coasts and over water and are an enhancement of the mean Indian monsoon rainfall. In the sunspot peaks the Findlater Jet appears to shift east and strengthen somewhat, consistent with the lower sea level pressure and stronger monsoon rainfall.
miR-297 modulates multidrug resistance in human colorectal carcinoma by down-regulating MRP-2
Authors: Xu Ke , Liang Xin , Shen Ke , Cui Daling , Zheng Yuanhong , Xu Jianhua , Fan Zhongze , Qiu Yanyan , Li Qi , Ni Lei , Liu Jianwen 
Published: June 2012

Colorectal carcinoma is a frequent cause of cancer-related death in men and women. miRNAs (microRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively at the post-transcriptional level. In the present study we investigated the possible role of microRNAs in the development of MDR (multidrug resistance) in colorectal carcinoma cells. We analysed miRNA expression levels between MDR colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116/L-OHP cells and their parent cell line HCT116 using a miRNA microarray. miR-297 showed lower expression in HCT116/L-OHP cells compared with its parental cells. MRP-2 (MDR-associated protein 2) is an important MDR protein in platinum-drug-resistance cells and is a predicted target of miR-297. Additionally miR-297 was down-regulated in a panel of human colorectal carcinoma tissues and negatively correlated with expression levels of MRP-2. Furthermore, we found that ectopic expression of miR-297 in MDR colorectal carcinoma cells reduced MRP-2 protein level and sensitized these cells to anti-cancer drugs in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-297 could play a role in the development of MDR in colorectal carcinoma cells, at least in part by modulation of MRP-2.
A novel derivative of decursin, CSL‐32, blocks migration and production of inflammatory mediators and modulates PI3K and NF‐κB activities in HT1080 cells
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hee , Lee Jee Hyun , Kim Eun‐Ju , Kim Won‐Jung , Suk Kyoungho , Kim Joo‐Hwan , Song Gyu Yong , Lee Won‐Ha 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDecursin and related coumarin compounds in herbal extracts have a number of biological activities against inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer. We have analysed a derivative of decursin (CSL‐32) for activity against inflammatory activation of cancer cells, such as migration, invasion and expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators. The human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080, was treated with TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) in the presence or absence of CSL‐32. The cellular responses and modification of signalling adapters were analysed with respect to the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators, as also migration, adhesion and invasion. Treatment of HT1080 cells with CSL‐32 inhibited their proliferation, without affecting cell viability, and TNFα‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase‐9) and IL‐8 (interleukin‐8). CSL‐32 also suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of IκB (inhibitory κB), phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF‐κB (nuclear factor‐κB) and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, which are required for the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators. In addition, CSL‐32 inhibited invasion and migration of HT1080 cells, as also cellular adhesion to fibronectin, an ECM (extracellular matrix) protein. CSL‐32 treatment resulted in a dose‐dependent inhibition of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase) activity, required for the cellular migration. The analyses show that CSL‐32 inhibits processes associated with inflammation, such as the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators, as well as adhesion, migration and invasion in HT1080 cells.
Cell versus protoplasm: revisionist history
Authors: Welch G. Rickey , Clegg James S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent investigations give reason to question anew the historical status of the ‘cell theory’ as the ultimate driving force in the development of our understanding of life's processes at the most fundamental level. A revisitation of critical research papers and commentaries from the 19th Century shows that the disregarded (and historically maligned) ‘protoplasmic theory of life’ played a more deterministic role in the early advancement of knowledge on cell structure and function.
Inhibition of the MRP1-mediated transport of the menadione-glutathione conjugate (thiodione) in HeLa cells as studied by SECM
Authors: Koley Dipankar , Bard Allen J. 
Published: June 2012

Oxidative stress induced in live HeLa cells by menadione (2-methyl-1,4-napthaquinone) was studied in real time by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The hydrophobic molecule menadione diffuses through a living cell membrane where it is toxic to the cell. However, in the cell it is conjugated with glutathione to form thiodione. Thiodione is then recognized and transported across the cell membrane via the ATP-driven MRP1 pump. In the extracellular environment, thiodione was detected by the SECM tip at levels of 140, 70, and 35 µM upon exposure of the cells to menadione concentrations of 500, 250, and 125 µM, respectively. With the aid of finite element modeling, the kinetics of thiodione transport was determined to be 1.6 × 10
-7
m/s, about 10 times faster than menadione uptake. Selective inhibition of these MRP1 pumps inside live HeLa cells by MK571 produced a lower thiodione concentration of 50 µM in presence of 500 µM menadione and 50 µM MK571. A similar reduced (50% drop) thiodione efflux was observed in the presence of monoclonal antibody QCRL-4, a selective blocking agent of the MRP1 pumps. The reduced thiodione flux confirmed that thiodione was transported by MRP1, and that glutathione is an essential substrate for MRP1-mediated transport. This finding demonstrates the usefulness of SECM in quantitative studies of MRP1 inhibitors and suggests that monoclonal antibodies can be a useful tool in inhibiting the transport of these MDR pumps, and thereby aiding in overcoming multidrug resistance.
HOW DOES THE WELFARE STATE INFLUENCE INDIVIDUALS' SOCIAL CAPITAL?
Authors: Gelissen John P.T.M. , van Oorschot Wim J.H. , Finsveen Ellen 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
In the current literature there is emerging consensus about a positive correlation between countries' welfare efforts and the social capital of their inhabitants: the larger the welfare state, the more social capital its inhabitants have. This paper pulls the discussion an important step further by asking what mechanisms can be responsible for this correlation. Based on theory and previous findings, we formulate a conceptual model of how the macro–micro relationship could come about. The hypotheses are tested using Eurobarometer data. While most of the mechanisms hypothesised are also found empirically, a substantial part of the direct macro-to-micro effect remains after controlling for the presumed most important intervening factors. Our conclusion is that the relationship is still not well understood and needs more academic attention in future research.
ANALYSING INTERGENERATIONAL INFLUENCES ON INCOME POVERTY AND ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY WITH EU-SILC
Authors: Whelan Christopher T. , Nolan Brian , Maître Bertrand 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2005 wave includes a special module on inter-generational transmission of poverty. In addition to the standard data relating to income and material deprivation, information relating to parental background and childhood circumstances was collected for all household members aged over 24 and less than 66 at the end of the income reference period. In principle, the module provides an unprecedented opportunity to apply a welfare regime perspective to a comparative European analysis of the relationship between poverty and social exclusion and parental characteristics and childhood economic circumstances. In this paper, we seek to exploit such potential. In pursuing this objective, it is necessary to take into account some of the limitations of the data. We do by restricting our attention to a set of countries where data issues seem less extreme. Finally, we compare findings from one dimensional and multidimensional approaches to poverty and social exclusion in order to provide an assessment of the extent to which our analysis of welfare regime variation provides a coherent account of the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.
Indexing Adolescent Psychopathy: Commentary on Dawson, McCuish, Hart, and Corrado
Authors: Salekin RandallT. , Barker EdwardD. , Ang Xinying , MacDougall Emily 
Published: June 2012

This commentary addresses four main issues raised in the original Dawson et al. article1 which suggested that the CAPP-IRS may offer advantages over the PCL-YV. The advantages that were proposed included its content domain, rating scale, personality focus, as well as developmentally sensitive and dynamic items. The Dawson et al. article also criticized the PCL-YV for having a limited research base. In this commentary, we address these issues comparing the PCL-YV and the CAPP-IRS, shedding light on the potential strengths and weaknesses of each measure. We conclude that it is too early to make such claims about the CAPP-IRS, but that the pursuit of understanding adolescent psychopathy, including its content domain and its developmental course, is an important undertaking. We also conclude that there will likely be a number of indices, including those provided by the PCL-YV and perhaps the CAPP-IRS that can help with this aim.