bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficacy of online applications in enhancing classroom teaching: A comprehensive evaluation of execution and effectiveness
Authors: Le Thang Van , Tran Tu Thi Cam , Nguyen Hung Thanh , Nguyen Tuan Van , Cao Chinh Danh 
Published: May 2024

This study explores the practical application of online applications in innovating the organization of teaching activities within public schools in Hue City, Vietnam. The research investigates the nuanced dynamics of execution and efficiency in using online applications across various teaching categories. The study employs a systematic approach to participant selection using stratified sampling based on geographical criteria to ensure representation from both the northern and southern regions of the city. A total of 192 teacher survey questionnaires were distributed focusing on the execution and efficiency of online applications in categories such as warm-up activities, knowledge building, review and consolidation, practice activities and testing and assessment. The commitment to data quality is demonstrated by the high response rate with 187 valid questionnaires collected (97.3% of the expected sample). Statistical analyses including mean scores, standard deviations and correlation coefficients were employed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of online application integration in teaching activities. The findings reveal varying levels of execution and efficiency across different teaching categories emphasizing the need for targeted improvement strategies. Strong positive correlations were observed in specific categories such as practice activities highlighting a consistent association between effective execution and efficiency. The study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on technology integration in education, offering recommendations for teachers, administrators and policymakers seeking to optimize the impact of online applications on teaching practices in the Vietnamese educational context.
Examining the role of motivation in shaping future primary school teachers' professional competence in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kereibaeva Anar , Zhailauova Manat , Baimaganbetova Zhuldyzai , Abuova Ainagul , Utegenov Zhetkergen 
Published: May 2024

The issue of developing the professional competence of teachers is one of the priorities in the Kazakhstani education system. One of the most significant challenges in the context of improving abilities is increasing students' motivation. This study aims to examine the role of motivation in shaping future primary school teachers' professional competence. The methods of multivariate correlation analysis, a method for finding structure diagrams of motives and their integral subsystems with their subsequent analysis were used to conduct the study. The research was conducted at the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University (Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan). A sample of 57 participants was used for the study. The majority of respondents were female (92.36%) and male (7.64%). According to the study, it has been found that the main reason for studying among students is to receive vocational training in order to find a good and well-paid job which provides the opportunity to use personal abilities and receive higher education in their specialty. Following the findings of this study, practical recommendations are offered to increase student motivation as a factor in developing professional competence. The developed assessment-criteria diagnostic tools can be used in pedagogical monitoring in universities and in advanced training courses for teachers.
Principals’ leadership skills to meet the national strategy for education in basic schools
Authors: Ajmi Hadi Rashed Al 
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the principals' leadership skills in elementary schools to meet the national educational strategy outcomes based on the teachers' views. A quantitative- descriptive approach was applied. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was measured and the reliability results using Cronbach alpha were 0.948 for educational leadership skills and 0.859 for educational outcomes. The questionnaire was distributed in both male and female schools. A random sample of 385 teachers was included. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling to measure the effects of different variables. The findings indicated that the teachers in the sample had five to fifteen years of experience. The teachers showed principals in the elementary schools have moderate educational leadership (3.39). The results showed that the highest trait that existed among the principals was crisis management with a high-weight regression coefficient (0.693), visionary leadership (0.653) and ethical leadership (0.601). The effect of adaptability, communication skills and strategic planning was less. The least common traits among the principals of elementary schools were emotional intelligence and decision-making skills. The research suggested establishing a programme for elementary school principals to develop their leadership skills in order to support the achievement of national educational objectives.
Blood on the Edge: Proteomic Analyses of Neolithic Arrowheads from the Negev
Authors: Rosen STEVEN A , Zilberstein Svetlana , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Zilberstein Gleb , Birkenfeld Michal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In spite of its centrality in understanding the human condition, the archaeological study of conflict and interpersonal violence in human prehistory1,2,3,4 has always been limited by the scarcity and ambiguity of direct evidence2,5. Proteomic analysis of residues from artifacts has been applied to a range of materials6,7,8, but rarely to stone tools, and even more rarely to arrowheads. Here we demonstrate the common use of flint arrowheads as both weapons and hunting implements. Analysis of eight points from the small Negev Neolithic site of Nahal Issaron9 (c. 9000 to 8000 BP) showed protein residues deriving from humans, goat, gazelle, hyrax, dormouse, sparrow hawk, and fox, all the arrowheads but one yielding multiple signals. Human protein residues from internal tissues were found on four of the eight arrowheads studied, attesting to their common use as weapons in conflicts, even among early, small-scale hunter-gatherer/early pastoralist desert societies. Residues from Capra hircus attest to an early 9th millennium BP introduction of the domestic goat into the Negev. Hunting of wild animals, butchering, and perhaps a trade in raptor feathers and talons can also be adduced. The reuse of the arrowheads on different species, and their utilization for multiple functions was unexpected, reflecting their great value. Beyond the substantive results, as non-invasive and non-destructive, the EVA method shows great promise for application to larger samples and other chipped stone tools.
Association of Sociodemographic Factors in Affecting the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour of Tuberculosis and HIV in Malang: A Community-Based Study in Rural Area
Authors: Rosandy Milanitalia , Candradikusuma Didi , Indiastari Dewi , Fatma Endah , Budiarti Niniek , Sutanto Heri , Abellia Gaby 
Published: May 2024

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people with HIV. In Indonesia, the Tuberculosis prevalence in 2021 stood at 969,000 cases with an average of 354 cases per 100,000 people. Nevertheless, tuberculosis is often neglected by many people, whereas in fact, it is a preventable and curable disease. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perception, behaviour, and screening for tuberculosis and their association with sociodemographic factors in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia.
Method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. The subjects of this study were adults (≥18 years old) who could comprehend the Indonesian language. We included 462 individuals who were chosen randomly by a multistage stratified sampling technique in rural areas of Malang, Indonesia. A validated questionnaire was asked to be filled in by participants, which were selected randomly using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed on SPSS for Windows version 25.0
Results: This study found that most (59.77%) of adults from the study area are still unaware of tuberculosis infection, transmission, prevention, and its risk factors. Only 1.2% were aware of the importance of screening if they had contact with positive tuberculosis patients. Participants in the age groups of 61 to 70 and over 70 years old were 5.5 and 4.0 times more likely to exhibit unsatisfactory behaviour compared to those in the 27 to 30 age group.
Conclusion: This study shows that knowledge, perceptions, behaviours and tuberculosis screening toward tuberculosis are still lacking in rural communities in Malang and showed that participant on younger age and higher educational subjects has better knowledge, behaviour, perception and screening towards Tuberculosis and HIV.
Editorial. Innovación y resiliencia en la permanencia estudiantil de América Latina y el Caribe en tiempos de cambio y adversidad
Authors: Barragán Moreno Sandra Patricia , Barrera Ramos Orlando , García Treviño María del Roble 
Published: May 2024

Reconociendo tanto a la educación superior en su faceta de agente de desarrollo y transformación social, como a la permanencia estudiantil y a la graduación en sus roles escenciales para la formación de capital humano que favorezca el cierre de brechas sociales en América Latina y el Caribe —con desigualdades extremas en muchos ámbitos—, el dossier “Permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe bajo escenarios de pospandemia y recesión económica” de la revista Razón Crítica se entrega con el objetivo de visualizar la permanencia estudiantil en la educación superior en América Latina y el Caribe bajo escenarios de pospandemia y recesión económica desde las diferentes realidades académicas, institucionales, nacionales y de las políticas públicas en las que se abordan las diferentes oportunidades y los desafios en el horizonte a 2030.
Evaluating Large Language Models for Automated Reporting and Data Systems Categorization: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Qingxia , Wu Qingxia , Li Huali , Wang Yan , Bai Yan , Wu Yaping , Yu Xuan , Li Xiaodong , Dong Pei , Xue Jon , Shen Dinggang , Wang Meiyun 
Published: May 2024

Background
Large language models show promise for improving radiology workflows, but their performance on structured radiological tasks such as Reporting and Data Systems (RADS) categorization remains unexplored.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate 3 large language model chatbots—Claude-2, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4—on assigning RADS categories to radiology reports and assess the impact of different prompting strategies.

Methods
This cross-sectional study compared 3 chatbots using 30 radiology reports (10 per RADS criteria), using a 3-level prompting strategy: zero-shot, few-shot, and guideline PDF-informed prompts. The cases were grounded in Liver Imaging Reporting & Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018, Lung CT (computed tomography) Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS) version 2022, and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting & Data System (O-RADS) magnetic resonance imaging, meticulously prepared by board-certified radiologists. Each report underwent 6 assessments. Two blinded reviewers assessed the chatbots’ response at patient-level RADS categorization and overall ratings. The agreement across repetitions was assessed using Fleiss κ.

Results
Claude-2 achieved the highest accuracy in overall ratings with few-shot prompts and guideline PDFs (prompt-2), attaining 57% (17/30) average accuracy over 6 runs and 50% (15/30) accuracy with k-pass voting. Without prompt engineering, all chatbots performed poorly. The introduction of a structured exemplar prompt (prompt-1) increased the accuracy of overall ratings for all chatbots. Providing prompt-2 further improved Claude-2’s performance, an enhancement not replicated by GPT-4. The interrun agreement was substantial for Claude-2 (k=0.66 for overall rating and k=0.69 for RADS categorization), fair for GPT-4 (k=0.39 for both), and fair for GPT-3.5 (k=0.21 for overall rating and k=0.39 for RADS categorization). All chatbots showed significantly higher accuracy with LI-RADS version 2018 than with Lung-RADS version 2022 and O-RADS (P<.05); with prompt-2, Claude-2 achieved the highest overall rating accuracy of 75% (45/60) in LI-RADS version 2018.

Conclusions
When equipped with structured prompts and guideline PDFs, Claude-2 demonstrated potential in assigning RADS categories to radiology cases according to established criteria such as LI-RADS version 2018. However, the current generation of chatbots lags in accurately categorizing cases based on more recent RADS criteria.
Is Boundary Annotation Necessary? Evaluating Boundary-Free Approaches to Improve Clinical Named Entity Annotation Efficiency: Case Study
Authors: Herman Bernardim Andrade Gabriel , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji 
Published: May 2024

Background
Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. However, it is typically preceded by named entity annotation, which poses several challenges, especially in the clinical domain. For instance, determining entity boundaries is one of the most common sources of disagreements between annotators due to questions such as whether modifiers or peripheral words should be annotated. If unresolved, these can induce inconsistency in the produced corpora, yet, on the other hand, strict guidelines or adjudication sessions can further prolong an already slow and convoluted process.

Objective
The aim of this study is to address these challenges by evaluating 2 novel annotation methodologies, lenient span and point annotation, aiming to mitigate the difficulty of precisely determining entity boundaries.

Methods
We evaluate their effects through an annotation case study on a Japanese medical case report data set. We compare annotation time, annotator agreement, and the quality of the produced labeling and assess the impact on the performance of an NER system trained on the annotated corpus.

Results
We saw significant improvements in the labeling process efficiency, with up to a 25% reduction in overall annotation time and even a 10% improvement in annotator agreement compared to the traditional boundary-strict approach. However, even the best-achieved NER model presented some drop in performance compared to the traditional annotation methodology.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a balance between annotation speed and model performance. Although disregarding boundary information affects model performance to some extent, this is counterbalanced by significant reductions in the annotator’s workload and notable improvements in the speed of the annotation process. These benefits may prove valuable in various applications, offering an attractive compromise for developers and researchers.
Edukasi Potensi Risiko Peralatan Kesehatan Homecare Bagi Kader Kesehatan Kelurahan Gunung Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Susana Ernia , Wirasa Winda , Hermawan Frisa Yugi 
Published: May 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 membawa perubahan positif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga kesehatan diri dan keluarga. Penggunaan masker, hand sanitizer, suplemen hingga penggunaan alat kesehatan homecare menyebabkan permintaan kebutuhan meningkat selama masa pandemi. Fenomena tersebut, seiring berjalannya waktu memunculkan beberapa permasalahan baru di kalangan masyarakat seperti perilaku panic buying hingga penyebaran hoaks yang dinilai berbahaya terkait penggunaan sejumlah produk dan alat kesehatan. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, masyarakat perlu memiliki pemahaman yang cukup dari hasil edukasi dan literasi. Tujuan pelaksanaan PKM ini adalah mengedukasi jenis dan potensi risiko alat kesehatan homecare yang umum tersedia di rumah. Metode kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pendidikan/edukasi dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan PKM ini mendapatkan respon yang baik dari peserta yang terdiri dari kader posyandu dan posbindu serta perwakilan masyarakat umum. Simpulan dari hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan peserta dalam hal sikap, pengetahuan dan prilaku serta praktik pemeliharaan alat kesehatan homecare yang ditunjukkan dari hasil pre-test dan postest serta demonstrasi pemeliharaan alat homecare selama kegiatan.
Literasi Numerasi dalam Kerangka Kurikulum Merdeka Berbasis Art Education
Authors: Yayuk Erna , Restian Arina , Ekowati Dyah Worowitastri 
Published: May 2024

Pembelajaran abad 21 menuntut para guru dapat mengembangkan pembelajaran yang adaptif dan inovatif. Berdasarkan fakta masih banyak dijumpai para guru belum dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara maksimal terutama dalam membelajarkan literasi numerasi berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan tujuan menganalisis literasi numerasi berbasis art education untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada guru-guru sebanyak 20 orang di MI Nurul Islam Kecamatan Tajinan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap guru tentang literasi numerasi berbasis art education. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu workshop, penyusunan modul ajar dengan kerangka kurikulum merdeka, melaksanakan pembelajaran inovatif, serta melaksanakan kegiatan refleksi dan tindak lanjut. Pelatihan dilakukan secara luring dan pendampingan dilakukan secara virtual melalui aplikasi zoom. Dari kegiatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa) kegiatan workshop berjalan efektif dan meningkatkan pengetahuan guru dalam literasi dan numerasi berbasis art education. Keterampilan guru meningkat dengan indikator telah tercapinya capaian pembelajaran dengan baik, peserta didik dapat belajar secara enjoyfull dan meaningfull. Ada beberapa kendala diantaranya belum semua guru memahami kurikulum merdeka, Ada siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca, beberapa peserta didik kesulitan dalam berhitung.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Menyusun Karya Ilmiah Berbasis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas
Authors: Mediatati Nani , Jati Dionisius Heckie Puspoko 
Published: May 2024

Guru-guru TK belum mampu menulis artikel ilmiah dalan layak untuk dipublikasikan sebagai bentuk pengembangan profesionalitas guru. Faktor penyebabnya adalah para guru kurang mempunyai pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang cukup tentang penulisan artikel ilmiah serta belum mampu menulis laporan penelitian tindakan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan guru menyusun karya ilmiah berbasis PTK. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Kemampuan menyusun karya ilmiah merupakan salah satu kemampuan professional yang harus dimiliki guru khususnya menulis artikel jurnal berdasarkan laporan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kegiatan bimbingan teknis penulisan karya ilmiah ini memberikan pengetahuan, wawasan dan ketrampilan kepada guru-guru menulis karya ilmiah berdasarkan laporan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas. Bimtek ini dilakukan dengan cara menjelaskan materi, diskusi kelas dan pendampingan individual secara daring. Guru-guru perlu menambah wawasan dan pemahaman mengenai berbagai hal baik yang terkait langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan pembelajaran anak usia dini atau TK secara terus menerus dan berkesinambungan. Hasil bimtek guru-guru mampu menyusun artikel ilmiah dengan cukup baik dan cukup layak dipublikasikan.
Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Alam sebagai Media dan Sumber Belajar pada Komunitas Guru Pecinta Alam (GURILA)
Authors: Widya Karmila Sari Achmad  , Nur Abidah Idrus  , Muh. Irfan  , Unga Utami  
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh potensi lingkungan alam yang belum dimaksimalkan pemanfaatannya sebagai media dan sumber belajar. Tujuan utama dari program pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait pemanfaatan lingkungan alam sebagai media dan sumber belajar pada komunitas Guru Pencinta Alam (Gurila). Metode yang digunakan pada program pengabdian ini meliputi dua tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan dan tahap pelaksanaan. Pada tahap persiapan dimulai dari observasi awal dan studi pendahuluan lokasi pengabdian pelatihan. Pada tahap pelaksanaan meliputi orientasi dan observasi; workshop, praktik pemanfaatan lingkungan alam, implementasi pemanfaatan lingkungan alam, dan evaluasi dan refleksi. Subjek yang terlibat dalam program pengabdian ini adalah komunitas Gurila, serta tim pengabdian. Hasil utama dari program ini adalah peningkatan signifikan terhadap pemahaman dan keterampilan terkait pemanfaatan lingkungan alam sebagai media dan sumber belajar pada komunitas Gurila. Program ini juga menciptakan pengetahuan dan pengalaman baru bagi para anggota komunitas agar dapat saling berbagi kepada guru-guru lain yang tidak tergabung pada komunitas Gurila. Program ini berkontribusi pada upaya peningkatan kualitas belajar yang bermakna dan menyenangkan bagi siswa, serta memberikan contoh sinergitas kemitraan antara perguruan tinggi dan masyarakat lokal dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam kemajuan pendidikan di berbagai daerah.
Learning the Value of Character Education from Indonesian Animation Series: Adit & Sopo Jarwo
Authors: Nurmala Viviani , Sujarwo  , Lidyasari Aprilia Tina , Nugroho Ikhlasul Ardi , Adi Banu Setyo , Kawuryan Sekar Purbarini 
Published: May 2024

It is urgent to carry out character education because with the provision of character education students will be able to empower their potential to build their personal character so that they are able to become individuals who are beneficial to themselves and their environment. Focus and aim of this research is to analyze the value of character education from the Indonesian Animation Series: Adit Sopo Jarwo for elementary school students. Type of research used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive type. The data sampling technique used purposive sampling and the samples in this study were fourth grade elementary school students and teachers who taught in that class. The research procedure used in this research uses qualitative data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, presenting data in descriptive form and making conclusions. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and observations. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results and conclusions are obtained that the Indonesian Animation series Adit & Sopo Jarwo has character education value, namely the mutual cooperation character in the episode "Serunya Kerja Bakti dan Tamasya Bersama" and the independent character in the episode "Bunda Pergi Adel Mandiri", so that the Indonesian Animation series Adit & Sopo Jarwo can be used as audio visual media to instill the character of mutual cooperation and independence in elementary school students.