bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoperiodic mediation of differential gene expression in Scytosiphon lomentaria (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Miller Adam D. , Connell Mary U. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYScytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link is a species of brown algae common in the eulittoral and sublittoral zones of temperate oceans. Some populations exhibit an asexual heteromorphic life cycle that is regulated by photoperiod. While this response is mediated by blue light, virtually nothing is known regarding downstream genes that are activated or repressed during photo‐morphogenesis in this organism. This study examined photoperiodic mediation of differential gene expression in S. lomentaria using isolates obtained from the eastern coast of Virginia, USA. Putative differentially expressed transcripts were produced by differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. The sequences where identified using bioinformatics tools, and the expression patterns analyzed and validated by quantitative Real‐Time PCR. Of the 133 putative differentially expressed bands selected, 92 were successfully sequenced and analyzed. Of these, 27 could not be matched to known sequences. Twenty‐eight transcripts were found to have high similarity to sequences in the databases and transcript levels were quantified. Seventeen were upregulated under a short day, one was downregulated, five showed no expression differences, four did not amplify and one was the reference gene. These analyses provide new insights into the genetic response to photoperiod‐mediated morphogenesis in S. lomentaria.
Pediatric hospitalizations with influenza A infection during the 2009–2010 pandemic in five hospitals in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Masayuki , Ohfuji Satoko , Fukushima Wakaba , Sugiura Shiro , Kohdera Urara , Itoh Yuhei , Ide Saburo , Ohbu Keizou , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with the 2009 pandemic influenza virus infection in Japan.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed cases of hospitalized children younger than 16 years with laboratory‐confirmed influenza A virus infection during the 2009–2010 pandemic season in five hospitals in Japan.Results:  A total of 515 cases were included in the analysis. The median age was 6.3 years (range 0–15), and 216 subjects (41.9%) had one or more underlying medical conditions. There were no fatalities, but 16 patients (3.1%) required intensive care. More than 93% of the subjects received neuraminidase inhibitors, and more than 87% received these medications within 48 h of the onset of symptoms. Approximately 80% of all subjects were admitted to hospital within 48 h of the onset of symptoms.Conclusions:  There were no fatalities, and the proportion of patients with serious illness was substantially lower than previously reported from other countries. Good access to medical services and proactive treatment may have contributed to the lower disease burden of the 2009 influenza pandemic on Japanese children.
Hemoglobin status associated with performance IQ but not verbal IQ in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Ai Yuexian , Zhao Sophie R. , Zhou Guoping , Ma Xiaoyang , Liu Jianghong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  Despite the body of literature that links anemia with poorer cognition in children and the evidence that the severity of the effects of anemia on children's cognition vary in different populations, few studies have investigated the effects of anemia on the cognitive development of Chinese children.Methods:  This longitudinal cohort included 171 children from a developing region of China. Hemoglobin (Hb) and iron levels were taken when the children were 4 years old. At age 6, the children's cognition was tested with the Chinese Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Psychosocial information was also used in analyses.Results:  Results showed that the children who had low Hb levels had significantly lower scores in performance IQ (PIQ), but not verbal IQ. Although blood Fe levels were not shown to moderate the link between Hb levels and IQ, we found children who performed the best on IQ tests exhibited low iron levels concurrent with high Hb levels, whereas the group who performed the worst exhibited high iron but low Hb levels. We also found that psychosocial adversity did not differ significantly between children who had normal or low Hb levels, although the effect of Hb on PIQ became only suggestive after controlling for psychosocial adversity, therefore the correlation is not causal but only a suggestive association.Conclusion:  Our findings are in agreement with literature on the negative effects of anemia on children's cognition and point to the possibility that the portions of the brain associated with PIQ components are particularly affected by low Hb during crucial periods of development.
High ligation of the fistula track by lateral approach: a modified sphincter‐saving technique for advanced anal fistulas
Authors: Chen T.‐A. , Liu K.‐Y. , Yeh C.‐Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim  Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula track is a novel surgical procedure with the advantage of avoiding anal incontinence. We conducted a preliminary investigation of a modified technique for complicated trans‐sphincteric anal fistula by high ligation of the track using a lateral approach.Method  From June 2010 to May 2011, 10 patients received high ligation of the fistula track using a lateral approach. Patients selected for the procedure had a mature trans‐sphincteric type of anal fistula that involved a significant amount of the external sphincter. Patients with early fistulous abscess or with a history of previous anal surgery were excluded. The surgical technique involved making an incision from the external opening and extending this towards the direction of the internal opening, dissection of the fistula from the underlying soft tissue, high ligation above the internal sphincter and removal of the distal part of the fistula track for pathological examination.Results  Of the 10 patients, eight were men and the mean ± SD age was 40.5 ± 7.23 years. The median (range) duration of follow‐up was 7 (6–10) months. In all patients, the wound was completely healed by the sixth postoperative week. Two cases of recurrence were noted later and were successfully managed by traditional fistulotomy.Conclusion  High‐ligation surgery of the fistula track for trans‐sphincteric anal fistula, aimed at total anal sphincter preservation, has shown encouraging early results. Long‐term follow‐up and randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Randomized trial of a diabetes self‐management education and family teamwork intervention in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Murphy H. R. , Wadham C. , Hassler‐Hurst J. , Rayman G. , Skinner T. C. ,   on behalf of Families and Adolescents Communication and Teamwork Study (FACTS) Group
Published: April 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e249–e254 (2012)AbstractAims  To evaluate the effectiveness of a family‐centred group education programme, in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.Methods  Three hundred and five adolescents with Type 1 diabetes; age 13.1 ± 1.9 years, diabetes duration 5.6 ± 3.3 years, BMI 20.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, HbA1c 78 ± 6 mmol/mol (9.3 ± 1.9%) were randomly allocated to the Families and Adolescents Communication and Teamwork Study (FACTS) diabetes education programme; (six 90‐min monthly sessions attended by parents and adolescents incorporating skills training and family teamwork) or conventional clinical care. Primary outcome was HbA1c at 18 months (12 months post‐intervention). Secondary outcomes were HbA1c at 9 months, psychosocial outcomes, adolescent quality of life, well‐being, family responsibility and insulin dose adjustment behaviours at 12 months (6 months post‐intervention) and episodes of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidois during the 12 months post‐intervention. All analyses are intention to treat.Results  Session attendance was poor with 48/158 families (30.4%) not attending any sessions and only 75/158 (47.5%) families attending ≥ 4 group education sessions. All biomedical and psychosocial outcomes were comparable between groups. At 18 months there was no significant difference in HbA1c in either group and no between‐group differences over time: intervention group 75 mmol/mol (9.0%) to 78 mmol/mol (9.3%), control group 77 mmol/mol (9.2%) to 80 mmol/mol (9.5%). Adolescents perceived no changes in parental input at 12 months.Conclusion  Poor attendance of group education sessions delivered in routine clinics was a major challenge. More personalized educational approaches may be required to support and motivate families who are struggling to integrate the demands of intensive insulin regimens into their daily lives.
Health‐related quality of life and glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore
Authors: Shim Y. T. , Lee J. , Toh M. P. H. S. , Tang W. E. , Ko Y. 
Published: April 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e241–e248 (2012)AbstractAims  To investigate the health‐related quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus in Singapore and its associations with diabetes‐related characteristics and glycaemic control.Methods  An interviewer‐administered, cross‐sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 301 adult diabetes patients under primary care. The survey questionnaire included both a generic health‐related quality of life measure, the Euroqol 5‐D and a diabetes‐specific instrument, the Audit of Diabetes‐dependent Quality of Life. Patients’ most recent HbA1c values were extracted from their medical records.Results  After excluding patients who lacked the 90‐day HbA1c test result, the final number of responses analysed was 282. Pain/discomfort was the most common complaint among the five Euroqol 5‐D domains (by 28.0% of the respondents). Lack of freedom to eat was the Audit of Diabetes‐dependent Quality of Life domain with the greatest negative average weighted impact (= −3.8, on a scale of −9 to 3). A significant association was observed between Audit of Diabetes‐dependent Quality of Life average weighted impact and both duration of diabetes and use of insulin. A negative correlation was found between health‐related quality of life and HbA1c values in both health‐related quality of life measures (both r = −0.2, P = 0.001).Conclusions  Patients with diabetes in primary‐care settings frequently reported problems with pain/discomfort and restrictions in diet. Poorer health‐related quality of life was found to be associated with higher HbA1c values. The chronicity of diabetes and insulin therapy may have a negative impact on patients’ diabetes‐related health‐related quality of life. This study indicates the importance of achieving better disease management to improve the health‐related quality of life of patients with diabetes.
Increased rates of adverse outcomes for gestational diabetes and pre‐pregnancy diabetes in on‐reserve First Nations Women in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Liu S. L. , Shah B. R. , Naqshbandi M. , Tran V. , Harris S. B. 
Published: April 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e180–e183 (2012)AbstractAims  To compare the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy, pregnancy care and adverse pregnancy outcomes in on‐reserve First Nations women vs. non‐First Nations women in Ontario, Canada.Methods  A retrospective population‐based cohort study was performed. All 487 368 live singleton hospital deliveries between 1 April 2002 and 31 March 2010 were identified. Outcomes were defined by linking mothers and infants to provincial healthcare administrative databases.Results  Diabetes in pregnancy was more prevalent in First Nations women (10.3 vs. 6.0%). They received less pregnancy care and had higher rates of adverse outcomes than non‐First Nations women with diabetes.Conclusions  First Nations women are at a higher risk of diabetes in pregnancy and adverse outcomes. This highlights the need for increased care for pregnant First Nations women.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: MORELLI EMERY A. 
Published: April 2012

Book reviewed in this article:Tarifl Politics‐ Australian Policy‐making 1960‐1980. By LEON GLEZER.Agriculture in the Australian Economy (Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged). By D. B. WILLIAMSFood and Agricultural Policy for the 1980s. By D. GALE JOHNSONInvesting In People. The Economics of Population Quality. (The 1980 Royer Lectures). By THEODORE W. SCHULTZ.The Ultimate Resource. By JULIAN L. SIMON.Future Dimensions of World Food and Population. By RICHARD G. WOODResource Economics: An Economic Approach to Natural Resource and Environmental Policy. By ALANR ANDALL.Consideration and Modelling of Risk in the Agribusiness Sector. By C. HENNIG HANF and G. SCHIEFEROn Rational Grounds: Systems Analysis in Catchment Land Use Planning. By DAVID BENNETT and JOHN F. THOMAS
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: MORELLI EMERY A. 
Published: April 2012

Book reviewed in this article:ORANI A Multisectoral Model of the Australian Economy. By PETER B. DIXON, B. R. PARMENTER JOHN SUTTON and D. P. VINCENT.Imperfect Markets in Agricultural Trade. By ALEX F. MCCALLA and TIMOTHY E. JOSLINGGrain Export Cartels. By A. SCHMITZ, A. F. MCCALLA, D. O. MITCHELL and C. CARTER.Stabilisation of the International Grain Market. By J. C. BLOM.Agricultural Marketing and Prices. By K. O. CAMPBELL and B. S. FISHERThe Agricultural Marketing System. By V. JAMES RHODES.Agricultural Marketing. By BY J. W. BARKER.The Australian Financial System After the Campbell Report. By J. O. N. PERKINS.Agricultural Research and Technology in Economic Development. By PER PINSTRUP‐ANDERSEN.Wild Pigs: Environmental Pest or Economic Resource? By BY C. A. TISDELL
ULYSSES REVISITED — A CLOSER LOOK AT THE SAFE MINIMUM STANDARD RULE
Authors: Rolfe John 
Published: April 2012

The Safe Minimum Standard (SMS) Rule has been developed as a decision rule involving environmental assets, particularly species, that face some risk of extinction. The SMS rule has been presented by Bishop (1978) (1979) and Randall (1991) as a better decision process than the use of cost benefit analysis (CBA). This paper explores the relationship between the SMS rule and CBA. It shows that there is a tandem effect in operation because the use of both rules rely on the same underlying preferences in society. There is potential for the two rules to achieve the same results, and doubt over whether the SMS rule is an independent control over CBA.Instead, the SMS rule may simply operate as a nagging mechanism for issues of particular interest. Its use can be seen as a signal to switch to a more intensive examination of costs and benefits, and justified in this format because the benefits of more accurate decisions outweigh the costs of operating the SMS rule. The application of the SMS rule will vary according to the justification for its use.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: MORELLI EMERY A. 
Published: April 2012

Book reviewed in this article:Marketing Beef in Japan. By WILLIAM A. KERR KURT K. KLEIN, JILL E. HOBBS and MASARU KAGATSUM.The Future Eaters: an Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. By T. FLANNERThe Economics of Agriculture: Volume I, Selected Papers of D Gale Johnson; Volume II, Papers in Honor of D Gale Johnson. Edited by JOHN M. ANTLE and DANIEL A. SUMNERSalinisation of Land and Water Resources. By F. GHASSEMI, A.J. JAKEMAN and H.A. NIX
HOW DO WE WANT TO GROW OLD? ANTI‐AGEING‐MEDICINE AND THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC HEALTHCARE IN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES
Authors: SCHWEDA MARK , MARCKMANN GEORG 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHealthcare counts as a morally relevant good whose distribution should neither be left to the free market nor be simply imposed by governmental decisions without further justification. This problem is particularly prevalent in the current boom of anti‐ageing medicine. While the public demand for medical interventions which promise a longer, healthier and more active and attractive life has been increasing, public healthcare systems usually do not cover these products and services, thus leaving their allocation to the mechanisms of supply and demand on the free market. This situation raises the question on which basis the underlying preferences for and claims to a longer, healthier life should be evaluated. What makes anti‐ageing medicine eligible for public funding? In this article, we discuss the role of anti‐ageing medicine with regard to the scope and limits of public healthcare. We will first briefly sketch the basic problem of justifying a particular healthcare scheme within the framework of a modern liberal democracy, focusing on the challenge anti‐ageing interventions pose in this regard. In the next section, we will present and discuss three possible solutions to the problem, essentialistic, transcendental, and procedural strategies of defining the scope of public healthcare. We will suggest a procedural solution adopting essentialistic and transcendental elements and discuss its theoretical and practical implications with regard to anti‐ageing medicine.
BROADENING THE SCOPE OF DEBATES AROUND STEM CELL RESEARCH
Authors: LYSAGHT TAMRA , CAMPBELL ALASTAIR V. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, stem cell research has generated an enormous amount of public, political and bioethical debate. These debates have overwhelmingly tended to focus on two moral issues: the moral status of human embryos and the duty to care for the sick and vulnerable. This preoccupation, especially on the question of moral status, has not only dichotomized the debate around two fundamentally incommensurable positions, it has come at the cost of other important issues largely being ignored. In highlighting some of the bioethical and regulatory deficiencies of this fixation, we draw on recent developments in the experimental use of autologous adult stem cells to argue for a more inclusive approach to the ethical issues surrounding stem cell research.
The struggle over class, identity,  and language: A case study of  South Korean transnational families1
Authors: Song Juyoung 
Published: April 2012

Globalization, while deterritorializing identity and culture, generates new practices and subjectivities that must be understood with reference to relationships between identity, language, and class in multiple markets. Through interviews and ethnographic observations focusing on children's language learning practices, this article examines how transnational South Korean families locate themselves in relation to the phenomenon of jogi yuhak, ‘early study abroad.’ It focuses on two graduate student families’ struggle over securing their social position by portraying themselves as different from other transnational Korean families through investing in alternate forms of linguistic capital. This reflects their contradictory and shifting subjectivities as they negotiate between foregrounding their roles as moral and intellectual elites vs. acting as materialistic parents. These transnational families’ struggles and conflicts underline how globalization in general, and jogi yuhak as a transnational strategy in particular, affects individuals’ subjectivities at the intersection of class, language, and transnationalism.세계화는 지역사회에 기반한 정체성과 문화를 약화시키기도 하지만, 복수의 국제 시장에서의 개인의 정체성, 언어, 그리고 사회계급간의 관계와 연관 지어 이해해야 하는 새로운 관행과 주관을 생성하기도 한다. 영어와 관련된 학습 관행에 초점을 맞춘 본 연구는 조기유학을 위해 고국을 떠나 외국에 거주하고 있는 한국 학생들과 그 가족들이 어떻게 자신들의 사회적 위치를 설정하는지에 대해서 면담과 민족지학적 관찰을 통해서 고찰한다. 미국에 거주하고 있는 두 대학원 유학생 가족들이 그들의 사회적 지위를 확보하기 위해서 어떻게 자신들의 정체성과 언어적 관행을 다른 조기유학생 가족들로부터 차별화하는지에 대해서 집중적으로 논의한다. 특히, 그들에게 거는 사회에서의 도덕적, 지적 엘리트로서의 역할에 대한 공언과 부모로서의 그들 자녀들의 영어 습득에 대한 물질주의적 갈망사이에서 갈등하는 모순적이고 변덕스러운 주관이 반영된 언어적 자산의 형태를 분석한다. 이들 초국가적 가정들의 노력과 갈등은 전반적으로 세계화와, 특별히 초국가적 전략으로서의 조기유학이 사회계급, 언어 그리고 초국가주의의 교차선상에서 개인의 주관에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 보여준다. [Korean]
Globalization of English teaching and overseas Koreans as temporary migrant workers in rural Korea
Authors: Jeon Mihyon 
Published: April 2012

One of the most prominent impacts of neoliberal globalization on language is the rise of the importance of English (Heller 2003; Phillipson 2003). In today's globalized economy, struggles over the resources of English language education tie English to processes of construction and reproduction of social differences and inequality (Heller 2002). Korea's newly launched Teach and Learn in Korea (TaLK) program is one such example. The TaLK program recruits native speakers of English, including overseas ethnic Koreans, as temporary immigrant workers to teach English to rural elementary students. Using the concept of ‘language management,’ this article demonstrates how the Korean government views transnational Koreans’ ethnicity as an asset, while treating their linguistic resources as manageable commodities. Analyses of policy documents, media coverage, and essays by and interviews with TaLK participants reveal how the TaLK program may contribute to sustaining social differences and inequality in multiple ways, although the program's main goal is to provide equal opportunities to rural students.세계화가 언어에 미치는 영향 중 가장 대표인 현상 중 하나는 영어의 중요성의 부각이다. 세계화되어 가고 있는 경제 체제 하에서 영어 교육을 위한 자원 확보 경쟁이 영어와 사회 불평등의 관계를 심화시킨다. 이러한 관계를 보여 주는 일예로 한국 정부가 새롭게 도입한 정부 초청 해외 영어봉사 장학생 (TaLK) 프로그램을 들 수 있다. 이 프로그램을 통해 한국 정부는 농촌 학교에서 영어를 가르칠 교포를 포함한 원어민을 모집한다. ‘언어 관리’라는 개념을 도입해 본 논문은 어떻게 한국 정부가 한인 교포 TaLK 참가자들의 민족성을 활용가능한 자원으로 개념화하고 참가자들의 언어 능력을 언어 관리의 대상으로 관리하는지를 보여준다. 정책 문건, 대중 매체, 참가자의 수필, 참가자와의 인터뷰를 분석하여 지역간의 영어 격차를 해소 하기위해 도입한 TaLK 프로그램이 그러한 격차를 유지, 심화시키는데 기여하는 역할을 고찰한다. [Korean]
Linguistic competency and citizenship: Contrasting portraits of multilingualism in the South Korean popular media1
Authors: Lo Adrienne , Chi Kim Jenna 
Published: April 2012

This paper examines how metapragmatic framings of multilingual competency and incompetency have become indexes of global and South Korean citizenship in the South Korean popular media. Drawing upon depictions of multilingualism in South Korean television deurama (‘drama’), comedy skits, and popular music, it examines how the locus of modernity and cosmopolitanism is moving away from the U.S.‐oriented overseas Korean (gyopo) and towards the figure of the elite transnational returnee (saldaon saram). It argues that as the transnational circulation of people, media, and ideologies accelerates in the age of globalization, intra‐ethnic discourses of linguistic mockery will also intensify.本文檢視南韓大眾媒體中的多語現象, 探討擁有多語能力如何成為判定是世界公民和南韓公民的依據。我們探索在全球化下, 欠缺語言能力的種族化形象的跨國流傳, 以及同民族間的語言嘲諷現象的興起。這篇文章觀察南韓電視連續劇、綜藝節目喜劇單元和流行音樂中對多語現象的呈現, 據此分析多語現代性和世界主義如何從過去曾是南韓旅美僑胞的表徵, 轉變成當今海歸(跨國鍍金後返國)人士的專屬形象。[Mandarin]본 논문은 한국의 대중문화에 나타난 다국어 사용 능력과 무능력의 메타실용주의적 프레이밍이 어떻게 세계화와 한국화된 현대 시민의 지표로 반영되고 있는지에 관한 연구이다. 드라마, 코미디 쇼, 그리고 대중 음악 등 대한민국의 여러 대중매체에서 드러난 다국어 사용의 실례들을 통해 현대화와 도시화의 주체가 재미교포에서 해외 거주 경험이 있는 엘리트들로 옮겨가는 과정을 고찰한다. 또한, 세계화로 인해 사람과 미디아, 이데올로기의 초국가적 흐름이 가속화 되어가는 이 시대에, 인종간의 조소성 발언들이 늘어날 것으로 예측한다. [Korean]