bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐Year Results Following Treatment of Intrabony Defects With an Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative Combined With Either a Natural Bone Mineral or a β‐Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Döri Ferenc , Arweiler Nicole B. , Szántó Erika , Ágics Anikó , Gera István , Sculean Anton 
Published: August 2012

Background: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the 10‐year results following treatment of intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) combined with either a natural bone mineral (NBM) or β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP).Methods: Twenty‐two patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and displaying one deep intrabony defect were randomly treated with a combination of either EMD + NBM or EMD + β‐TCP. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and at 1 and 10 years. The following parameters were evaluated: plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL). The primary outcome variable was CAL.Results: The defects treated with EMD + NBM demonstrated a mean CAL change from 8.9 ± 1.5 mm to 5.3 ± 0.9 mm (P <0.001) and to 5.8 ± 1.1 mm (P <0.001) at 1 and 10 years, respectively. The sites treated with EMD + β‐TCP showed a mean CAL change from 9.1 ± 1.6 mm to 5.4 ± 1.1 mm (P <0.001) at 1 year and 6.1 ± 1.4 mm (P <0.001) at 10 years. At 10 years two defects in the EMD + NBM group had lost 2 mm, whereas two other defects had lost 1 mm of the CAL gained at 1 year. In the EMD + β‐TCP group three defects had lost 2 mm, whereas two other defects had lost 1 mm of the CAL gained at 1 year. Compared with baseline, at 10 years, a CAL gain of ≥3 mm was measured in 64% (i.e., seven of 11) of the defects in the EMD + NBM group and in 82% (i.e., nine of 11) of the defects in the EMD + β‐TCP group. No statistically significant differences were found between the 1‐ and 10‐year values in either of the two groups. Between the treatment groups, no statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at 1 and 10 years.Conclusion: Within their limitations, the present findings indicate that the clinical improvements obtained with regenerative surgery using EMD + NBM or EMD + β‐TCP can be maintained over a period of 10 years.
Comparing Auditor versus Non-Auditor Assessments of Auditor Liability: An Experimental Investigation of Experts' versus Lay Evaluators' Judgments
Authors: Reffett Andrew , Brewster Billy E. , Ballou Brian 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
Critics of the legal system argue that the use of lay jurors to adjudicate auditor negligence claims results in non-meritorious decisions of auditor liability. Palmrose (2006) therefore proposes that the courts rely on panels of experienced auditors to evaluate the merits of auditor negligence claims and make recommendations to the courts. There is, however, scant evidence to indicate how auditors' and lay evaluators' judgments might differ in cases of alleged auditor negligence. Our study addresses this gap in the literature by providing theory and empirical evidence that elucidates several systematic differences between auditors' and lay evaluators' judgments. Results of an experiment indicate that auditor evaluators are less reliant on plaintiff losses as evidence than lay evaluators, but—consistent with social identity theory—experience greater empathy for auditor defendants. Consequently, auditor evaluators consistently provide lower assessments of auditor liability than lay evaluators, irrespective of audit quality. In addition, results of the experiment indicate that different legally irrelevant inputs primarily determine both auditor and lay evaluators' negligence verdicts—emotional reactions for auditor evaluators and plaintiff losses for lay evaluators. Finally, results are mixed as to whether auditor evaluators' judgments are more sensitive to varying levels of audit quality than lay evaluators' judgments.
Causal Inference in Auditing: A Framework
Authors: Srivastava Rajendra P. , Mock Theodore J. , Pincus Karen V. , Wright Arnold M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
Causal inference—that is, determining the “root cause(s)” of an observed anomaly—is one of the most fundamental audit tasks. This study develops an analytical framework to formally model conditions present in many audit settings, and provides illustrations related to performing substantive analytical procedures. We examine four conditions not fully considered in prior research: multiple hypotheses about what may cause an anomaly, multiple items of evidence with varying diagnosticity, observed effects that may not be certain, and hypotheses sets that may not be exhaustive. The results reveal when the following phenomena should occur: (1) discounting or inflating of posterior probabilities, (2) superadditive probabilities of various causes, and (3) unchanged probability of a potential cause given evidence in support of a different cause. The analytical findings have implications for the design and interpretation of experimental auditing research, for educating novice auditors, and for potentially improving audit practice.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) lophii (Wu, 1949) (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from marine fishes from China, with a key to the species of the subgenus Ichthyascaris
Authors: Xu Zhen , Zhang Lu-Ping , Liu Bao-Chen , Li Liang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe little known ascaridoid nematode Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) lophii (Wu, 1949) is redescribed and illustrated based on newly collected specimens from the five different marine fishes: Lophius litulon (Jordan) (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl) (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Antennarius hispidus (Bloch et Schneider) (Lophiiformes: Antennaridae), Zeus faber Linnaeus (Zeiformes: Zeidae) and Ostichthys japonicus (Cuvier) (Beryciformes: Holocentridae) from the East and South China Sea. This species differs from all congeners in the subgenus Ichthyascaris by the length of the ventricular appendix (0.52–0.98 mm long), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae (26–32 pairs of precloacal, 3–4 pairs of paracloacal and 8–11 pairs of postcloacal) and the length of the spicules (0.49–0.88 mm long, representing 3.08–4.70% of body length). In addition, nematodes collected from these five different fishes have been characterized using molecular methods by sequencing and analysing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. No variation in size and nucleotide polymorphisms is detected within the target sequence among all samples analysed. These data contribute to facilitate an accurate diagnosis of this poorly known nematode. An identification key to the species of the subgenus Ichthyascaris is also provided.
A review of the Lepocreadiidae (Digenea, Lepocreadioidea) from fishes of the waters around New Caledonia
Authors: Bray Rodney , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe lepocreadiid fauna of New Caledonia is reported and discussed and a new species and several new host and locality records presented. Hypoporus plataxi sp. nov. from Platax teira is described and distinguished from its only congener by its terminal genitalia, the structure of the anterior part of the alimentary system and other morphological features. New host and locality records and a description are given of Lepotrema cf. clavatum Ozaki, 1932 in Sufflamen fraenatum. New host and locality records are given of Lobatocreadium exiguum (Manter, 1963) in Pseudobalistes fuscus, which is also reported in the known hosts Abalistes filamentosus and Sufflamen fraenatum. New host and locality records are given of Opisthogonoporus amadai Yamaguti, 1937 in Branchiostegus wardi. A new host record is made for Holorchis plectorhynchi Durio et Manter, 1968 in Diagramma pictum. New records in New Caledonian waters are of Bulbocirrus aulostomiYamaguti, 1965 in Aulostomus chinensis, Echeneidocoelium indicum Simha et Pershad, 1964 in Echeneis naucrates, Lepidapedoides kalikali Yamaguti, 1970 in Pristipomoides auricilla, Neomultitestis aspidogastriformis Bray et Cribb, 2003 in Platax teira, Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859) in Rastrelliger kanagurta, Prodistomum keyam Bray et Cribb, 1996 in Monodactylus argenteus and Pseudopisthogonoporus vitellosus (Pritchard, 1963) in Naso brevirostris and N. annulatus. New metrical data are presented for Holorchis castex Bray et Justine, 2007 in Diagramma pictum, Hypocreadium patellareYamaguti, 1938 in Sufflamen fraenatum, Intusatrium robustum Durio et Manter, 1968 in Bodianus loxozonus and B. perditio and Lepidapedoides angustus Bray, Cribb et Barker, 1996 in Epinephelus chlorostigma, E. fasciatus, E. maculatus and E. retouti. Literature records are included and the fauna in general discussed.
Radix spp.: Identification of trematode intermediate hosts in the Czech Republic
Authors: Huňová Kateřina , Kašný Martin , Hampl Vladimír , Leontovyč Roman , Kuběna Aleš , Mikeš Libor , Horák Petr 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLymnaeid snails of the genus Radix serve as intermediate hosts of some schistosomes and fasciolids. In Europe, delineation of species within the genus Radix is unresolved and, therefore, spectrum of snail hosts susceptible to trematode infections is under discussion. We used and compared three criteria for species delineation using snails collected at 43 localities. (a) Sequence analysis of ITS-2 rDNA disclosed that the collected snails belong to four species — R. auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), R. peregra (Müller, 1774), R. lagotis (Schrank, 1803) and R. labiata (Rossmaessler, 1835) (criteria and names are based on the work of Bargues et al. 2001). Occurrence of R. peregra in the Czech Republic was confirmed by molecular data for the first time. (b) Characterization of reproductive system disclosed differences in location, size and shape of bursa copulatrix and its ductus. Unfortunately, some R. labiata specimens shared morphological features of reproductive organs with R. lagotis. (c) Statistical analysis of shell morphology proved that significant differences exist among particular species. One prediction model showed that correct classification of species may be achieved in 82-84% of cases. However, identification of individual snails in the field (without knowledge of respective snail population and use of statistical tools) still remains a complicated issue due to overlaps of shell characteristics. Concerning the role in trematode transmission, R. lagotis, R. labiata and R. peregra are susceptible to Trichobilharzia regenti. Also, successful experimental infections of R. lagotis and R. labiata by Fascioloides magna were accomplished.
Occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in Prunella modularis in the montane and subalpine zone in the Slovak Carpathians
Authors: Haas Martina , Lukáň Martin , Kisková Jana , Hrehová Zuzana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to obtain primary information on the occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in the Dunnock Prunella modularis in the montane region of Slovakia. Altogether 109 birds were examined during the years 2006–2010. The occurrence of Haemoproteus sp., Leucocytozoon fringillinarum and Trypanosoma sp. was documented. Blood parasite prevalences of 45% by microscopic examination and 55% by PCR diagnostics were found. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon sp. was found to be dependent on host sex with males showing a significantly higher intensity of infection with Leucocytozoon. Adult birds showed significantly higher infection prevalence than subadults. The prevalences of both Leucocytozoon sp. and Haemoproteus sp. were significantly dependent on bird age. The intensity of infection with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon was positively correlated and higher intensity of infection was confirmed in adult birds then in subadults birds. The prevalence of blood parasites in our samples was significantly higher in comparison to most other studies from different countries of Europe conducted at lower altitudes, indicating that the montane zone is especially favourable for the transmission of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus species.
The biology of Echinoparyphium (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae)
Authors: Huffman Jane , Fried Bernard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEchinoparyphium species are common, widely distributed intestinal parasites causing disease in animals worldwide. Intermediate hosts include snails, bivalves, and fish, whereas the definitive hosts are mainly birds and mammals. This review examines the significant literature on Echinoparyphium. Descriptive studies, life cycle, experimental and manipulative studies, and biochemical and molecular studies are presented. The influence of environmental factors, and toxic pollutants, are reviewed as well as studies on the pathology of Echinoparyphium.
Impact of interannealing on recrystallization during final annealing in twin-belt cast Al–Fe–Si sheet
Authors: Birol Yucel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The impact of interannealing on the recrystallization process in a twin-belt cast AlFeSi alloy was investigated by means of calorimetry, microstructural analysis, electrical conductivity, hardness measurements and cupping tests. The AlFeSi hot band cold-rolled to 1 mm without interannealing offers a higher precipitation capacity than that interannealed at 4 mm. The response to annealing of the former is therefore dominated by precipitation activities. Recrystallization is sluggish, lasts until 623 K and produces relatively coarse grains. The interannealed sheet, on the other hand, softens fully at 573 K via a typical two-stage, recovery and recrystallization reaction. The limited precipitation capacity in the latter allows recrystallization to occur primarily in a discontinuous fashion. This helps to balance the rolling texture inherited from the prior cold-rolling passes. In sheet samples processed without interannealing, the nucleation rate and the volume fraction of the discontinuously recrystallized grains are greatly reduced, owing to extensive concurrent precipitation. This reduces the strength of the annealing texture components which thus fail to balance the rolling texture after annealing.
Effect of room temperature storage time on precipitation in Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys with different Mg/Si ratios
Authors: Wenner Sigurd , Marioara Calin Daniel , Andersen Sigmund Jarle , Holmestad Randi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effect of natural ageing time before artificial ageing has been investigated in four Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys, with 0.4% Mg + 0.8% Si and 0.8% Mg + 0.4% Si, both with and without 0.14 at.% Cu. The precipitate microstructure was quantified by means of transmission electron microscopy. Varying the storage time before ageing for 170 min at 200°C, we observe an initial hardness increase after minutes, a decrease after several hours and another increase after weeks. The hardness decrease was most pronounced in the Mg-rich Cu-free alloy, caused by a reduced precipitate volume fraction. Adding Cu produces finer microstructures, higher hardness and reduces the negative effect of natural ageing regardless of the Mg/Si ratio of the alloy. With 1 week storage, an increase in the fraction of the Cu-containing precipitates L and Q′ was observed in the Cu-containing Si-rich and Mg-rich alloys respectively.
Influence of Mg/Si ratio on the clustering kinetics in Al–Mg–Si alloys
Authors: Chang Cynthia Sin Ting , Liang Zeqin , Schmidt Eric , Banhart John 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The clustering kinetics of Al–Mg–Si alloys are studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Five alloys with different Mg and Si contents from 0.4 to 1.1 at.% are used. Two overlapping cluster peaks are observed in the heat flow curves; Cluster 1 (C1) situated at ≈50°C and Cluster 2 (C2) situated at around ≈80°C when heating at 10 K min−1. It was found that the heat effect of clustering is largest in alloys with Mg/Si close to 1, while the C1/C2 heat effect ratio depends on the Si content. Activation energies for the two clustering processes C1 and C2 are obtained by applying different evaluation methods. The alloy having an Mg/Si ratio close to 1 has the smallest initial activation energies for C1, while samples with higher Mg content have lower initial activation energies for C2, inferring that C1 is Si-related, whereas C2 is Mg-related. However, the entire clustering process requires both Mg and Si to proceed.
Effect of simultaneous deformation and artificial ageing on the mechanical properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy
Authors: Kolar Michal , Pedersen Ketill Olav , Gulbrandsen-Dahl Sverre , Marthinsen Knut 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Tensile tests have been carried out on a commercial Al–Mg–Si-alloy after simultaneous deformation and artificial ageing. Extruded and solution heat treated specimens were deformed 2%, 5% and 10% (engineering strain) and simultaneously artificially aged at two different temperatures (175 and 190°C) for various times (depending on the strain rates used for pre-deformation) before tensile testing. A comparison with previously obtained tensile properties following sequential pre-deformation and artificial ageing shows that the simultaneous mode generally displays better mechanical strength and after shorter ageing times. The best performing alloy has been obtained by using a split artificial ageing procedure for 10% deformed sample simultaneously aged for 40 min at 175°C followed by additional ageing for 60 min at the same temperature.
Ab-initio modeling of metastable precipitation processes in aluminum 7xxx alloys
Authors: de Jong Maarten , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Sluiter Marcel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Aluminum 7000-alloys depend primarily on precipitation hardening for their strength. Precipitate phases may form through complex precipitation sequences, in which a precipitate gradually evolves towards a thermodynamically stable state via intermediate thermodynamically metastable phases. During the precipitation sequence, precipitates may change not only size but also shape, composition and coherence with the matrix. Despite the industrial significance of aluminum-7000 alloys, the precipitation process remains poorly understood, as evinced by a large amount of scatter in the experimentally observed data on precipitation. In this work, we employ density functional theory first principles calculations to study the energetics of precipitation. It is shown that for the various precipitate families, a monotonic decrease in bulk formation enthalpy occurs during the precipitation sequence and various proposed structures are discarded based on unreasonable energetics. Further, the influences of strain and interfacial energy are quantified and a structural sequence is proposed for the important η precipitate family based on energetics.
Comparative thermodynamic analysis and phase diagram prediction of the Ga – Sn – Zn system
Authors: Živković Dragana , Balanović Ljubiša , Manasijević Dragan , Grgurić Tamara Holjevac , Ćubela Dijana , Mitovski Aleksandra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe results of comparative thermodynamic analysis and phase diagram prediction of the Ga – Sn – Zn system are presented in this work. The thermodynamic study was done experimentally – using Oelsen calorimetry, for the section Ga – SnZneut, and analytically – according to the general solution model, for the whole system. Main thermodynamic quantities – integral and partial molar Gibbs excess energies, activities and activity coefficients were calculated over a wide temperature range. Additionally, the phase diagram of the section Ga – SnZneut was investigated using differential thermal analysis and predicted using the CALPHAD method. Comparison with available literature data showed reasonable agreement. The liquidus projection of the ternary Ga – Sn – Zn was also calculated.
Mechanochemical Milling of PP/Ground Tire Rubber Blends in Solid-State
Authors: Zhang X. , Zhou Z. , He X. , Li J. , Lu C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this study, solid-state mechanochemical milling was investigated as a viable strategy to produce high performance blends composed of polypropylene (PP) and ground tire rubber (GTR), thereby providing a potentially new route to recycle discarded tires. The improved dispersion of the blends after mechanochemical milling was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and polarized optical microscopy (POM) observation. After 20 cycles of milling, the tensile strength of PP/GTR (100/40) blends was enhanced by 13.8%, and the elongation at break was over 12 times than that of the unpretreated blend. The formation of smaller and less ordered spherulites of PP after mechanochemical milling as confirmed by POM observation and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis might be the reason for the significant enhancement of the elongation at break.
A 3D Simulation Analysis of Reactive Flow in Screw Elements of Closely Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Ortiz-Rodriguez E. , Tzoganakis C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The peroxide-initiated degradation of polypropylene in conventional screw elements of closely intermeshing twin-screw extruders is analyzed by means of a three-dimensional (3D) simulation approach. The 3D simulations of the reacting flow are implemented under the assumption of steady-state flow conditions, and scale-up considerations are addressed by simulating screw elements of two different size extruders. The effects of the initial peroxide concentration and reference mass throughputs on processing parameters are analyzed in terms of the specified extruder size. In this study, the scaled-up mass throughput is determined under the assumption of constant residence time. For the implemented processing conditions, the final values of the weigh-average molecular weight (Mw) and polidispersity index (PDI) for both the reference and scaled-up screw elements are similar when the flow rate is close to that corresponding to the maximum conveying capacity of the screw elements. For more restricted flow conditions, however, lower values of both the Mw and PDI are obtained for the larger screw element. Additionally, a previously proposed scale-up procedure from one-dimensional (1D) simulations is evaluated by means of a 3D simulation analysis. The results of this evaluation show a good agreement between the trend of the 3D and 1D simulation results.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Bio-sourced PA/Plasticized Starch Grafted PP Ternary Polymer Blends
Authors: Teyssandier F. , Cassagnau P. , Gérard J. F. , Mignard N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolymer blends of biosourced polyamide (Rilsan XD) and thermoplastic starch grafted polypropylene (LAB4270) were processed by means of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, using a solid epoxy resin (D.E.R. 664UE) as a compatibilizer. Morphologies as well as rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of the blends were characterized. The morphology of the reference blend was characterized by nodules of the micron order of magnitude of the dispersed phase (LAB4270) embedded in the polyamide matrix. Even though the morphologies of the blends were not impacted by the addition of the epoxy resin, the mechanical properties as well as the impact resilience were proved to be enhanced. The thermal properties of the blends were as well influenced. A shift of the crystallization temperatures and a decrease of the crystallization enthalpies of both the polypropylene and the PA XD were observed. Thus the addition of the epoxy resin as compatibilizer had proved to be truly effective to obtain a material mostly biosourced with mechanical properties that tend towards combined optimal properties of the different components of the blend.