bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed carbon nanotube photodetector based on a planarized silicon waveguide
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Yang Leijing , Xiu Haojin , Deng Meng , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2024

The integration of silicon waveguides with low-dimensional materials with excellent optoelectronic properties can enable compact and highly integrated optical devices with multiple advantages for multiple fields. A carbon nanotube (CNT) photodetector integrated on the silicon waveguide has the potential to meet on-chip high-speed optical interconnection systems, based on the outstanding properties of CNTs such as picosecond-level intrinsic photoresponse time, high charge carrier mobility, broad spectral response, high absorption coefficient, and so on. However, the thermal stability of the device may be compromised due to the local suspension in the channel for the height difference between the WG and the substrate. Here, we report a low-cost and low-optical-loss method to achieve the planarized silicon waveguide. After that, the CNT photodetectors integrated on the original and planarized waveguide with asymmetric palladium (Pd)-hafnium (Hf) metal contacts are fabricated. The influence of this planarization method on the performance of devices is analyzed via comparing the dark leakage current, the leakage current rectification ratio (CRR), the series resistances (RS), and the photoelectric response. Finally, a CNT photodetector based on the planarized waveguide with a photocurrent (Iph) ∼510.84nA, a photoresponsivity (RI) ∼51.04mA/W, the dark current ∼0.389µA, as well as a 3 dB bandwidth ∼34GHz at the large reverse voltage −3V is shown.
Evidence of potential impacts of a nutrition-sensitive agroecology program in Andhra Pradesh, India, on dietary diversity, nutritional status, and child development
Authors: Ch Lakshmi Durga , Bharath Yandrapu , Bliznashka Lilia , Kumar T. Vijay , Jonnala Veerendra , Chekka Vijayalakshmi , Yebushi Srileka , Roy Aditi , Venkateshmurthy Nikhil Srinivasapura , Prabhakaran Poornima , Jaacks Lindsay M. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionWhile a number of studies have examined the nutritional impacts of agroecological interventions, few have examined impacts on child development, maternal and child anemia, and men’s dietary diversity. Moreover, there have been few such evaluations at scale. We evaluated the impact of a large-scale, multi-component food-based nutrition intervention involving homestead food production, nutrition counselling, cooking demonstrations, and crop planning exercises.MethodsA cross-sectional assessment was conducted in 2021–2022 of 50 intervention villages where the nutrition-sensitive agroecology program had been implemented since 2018 and 79 control villages where only the agroecology program had been implemented. Data on self-reported dietary intake, caregiver-reported early child development, anthropometric measurements, and hemoglobin concentrations were collected using standardized procedures by trained Nutrition Farming Fellows, who were also responsible for implementing the program.ResultsA sample of 3,511 households (1,121 intervention and 2,390 control) participated in the survey. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) among women and men were mean (SD) 6.53 (±1.62) and 6.16 (±1.65), respectively, in intervention villages and 5.81 (±1.58) and 5.39 (±1.61), respectively, in control villages (p<0.01). DDS among children 6–24 months of age in intervention and control villages was 2.99 (±1.52) and 2.73 (±1.62), respectively (p<0.01). Children <2 years of age were less likely to be anemic in intervention versus control villages (59% versus 69%, p<0.01). Children 18–35 months age in intervention villages had higher child development scores than children in control villages (all p<0.05).ConclusionNutrition-sensitive agroecological programs may be effective in improving diets, nutrition, and child development in rural India.
Randomised, controlled, feasibility trial comparing vasopressor infusion administered via peripheral cannula versus central venous catheter for critically ill adults: A study protocol
Authors: Watts Stacey , Apte Yogesh , Holland Thomas , Hatt April , Craswell Alison , Lin Frances , Tabah Alexis , Ware Robert , Byrnes Joshua , Anstey Christopher , Keijzers Gerben , Ramanan Mahesh 
Published: May 2024

Background
When clinicians need to administer a vasopressor infusion, they are faced with the choice of administration via either peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) or central venous catheter (CVC). Vasopressor infusions have traditionally been administered via central venous catheters (CVC) rather than Peripheral Intra Venous Catheters (PIVC), primarily due to concerns of extravasation and resultant tissue injury. This practice is not guided by contemporary randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence. Observational data suggests safety of vasopressor infusion via PIVC. To address this evidence gap, we have designed the “Vasopressors Infused via Peripheral or Central Access” (VIPCA) RCT.

Methods
The VIPCA trial is a single-centre, feasibility, parallel-group RCT. Eligible critically ill patients requiring a vasopressor infusion will be identified by emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU) staff and randomised to receive vasopressor infusion via either PIVC or CVC. Primary outcome is feasibility, a composite of recruitment rate, proportion of eligible patients randomised, protocol fidelity, retention and missing data. Primary clinical outcome is days alive and out of hospital up to day-30. Secondary outcomes will include safety and other clinical outcomes, and process and cost measures. Specific aspects of safety related to vasopressor infusions such as extravasation, leakage, device failure, tissue injury and infection will be assessed.

Discussion
VIPCA is a feasibility RCT whose outcomes will inform the feasibility and design of a multicentre Phase-3 trial comparing routes of vasopressor delivery. The exploratory economic analysis will provide input data for the full health economic analysis which will accompany any future Phase-3 RCT.
Evaluation of dental pulp stem cells response to flowable nano-hybrid dental composites: A comparative analysis
Authors: Rady Dina , Albar Nassreen , Khayat Waad , Khalil Mennatullah , Raafat Shereen , Ramadan Mohamed , Saber Shehabeldin , Shamel Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Background
Flowable resin composites (FRC) are tooth-colored restorative materials that contain a lower filler particle content, and lower viscosity than their bulk counterparts, making them useful for specific clinical applications. Yet, their chemical makeup may impact the cellular population of the tooth pulp. This in-vitro study assessed the cytocompatibility and odontogenic differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in response to two recent FRC material extracts.

Methods
Extracts of the FRC Aura easyflow (AEF) and Polofil NHT Flow (PNF) were applied to DPSCs isolated from extracted human teeth. Cell viability of DPSCs was assessed using MTT assay on days 1, 3 and 7. Cell migration was assessed using the wound healing assay. DPSCs’ capacity for osteo/odontogenic differentiation was assessed by measuring the degree of mineralization by Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, and monitoring the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), and the odontogenic marker dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) by RT-PCR. Monomer release from the FRC was also assessed by High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC).

Results
DPSCs exposed to PNF extracts showed significantly higher cell viability, faster wound closure, and superior odontogenic differentiation. This was apparent through Alizarin Red staining of calcified nodules, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased expression of osteo/odontogenic markers. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed a higher release of TEDGMA, UDMA, and BISGMA from AEF.

Conclusions
PNF showed better cytocompatibility and enhancement of odontogenic differentiation than AEF.
Viral load suppression and its predictor among HIV seropositive people who receive enhanced adherence counseling at public health institutions in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Belete Minyichil Birhanu , Bitew Abebayehu , Mulatu Kebadnew 
Published: May 2024

Background
For those HIV seropositive people with high viral loads, the World Health Organization recommends more counseling before changing ART regimens. A high viral load can lead to increased HIV transmission and lower survival rates. Clients with viral loads above 1000 copies/mL should receive enhanced adherence counseling for 3–6 months before switching. Despite enhanced adherence counseling programs, most countries struggle with viral load suppression. Little is known about viral load suppression in Ethiopia and the research area after counseling.

Objective
This study aims to assess viral load suppression and its predictors among HIV-positive individuals receiving enhanced adherence counseling in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022.

Methods
An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among randomly selected 546 clients on Enhanced Adherence Counseling at public health facilities in Bahir Dar city. The Epicollect5 mobile application was used to collect the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. A Log-Binomial regression model was fitted for each explanatory variable. Variables having a p-value <0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable Log-Binomial regression model. Finally, an adjusted risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value <0.05 was used to measure the strength of the prediction.

Results
Following enhanced adherence counseling, 312 (57.1%) people had their viral load suppressed. Absence of recurrent OI (ARR 1.40; CI 1.03–1.91), EAC stay less than 3 months (ARR 1.54; CI 1.19–1.99), EAC stay 3–6 months (ARR 1.38; CI 1.12–1.69), once-daily ARV dose regimen (ARR 1.28; CI 1.03–1.58), baseline viral load of 2879.00 copies/ml (ARR 1.30, CI 1.06–1.60), being orthodox Tewahido Christian (ARR 0.37; CI 0.18–0.75) were significant predictors of viral load suppression after Enhanced Adherence Counseling.

Conclusion and recommendation
Most importantly, this study found that most people had suppressed viral loads after receiving enhanced adherence counseling. Significant predictors of viral load suppression included recurrent OI, length of stay on EAC, daily ARV dosing regimen, baseline viral load, and religion. Clients with a high baseline viral load and those who experience recurring opportunistic infections should get extra care during EAC sessions.
Nutritional status of primary school children and their caregiver’s knowledge on malnutrition in rural and urban communities of Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sanni Taofeek Adedayo , Elegbede Olusegun Elijah , Adewoye Kayode Rasak , Durowade Kabir Adekunle , Ipinnimo Tope Michael , Alabi Ayodele Kamal , Ojo John Olujide , Agbana Richard Dele , Raji Mustapha Muhammad , Aderinwale Oluseyi Adedeji , Adeosun Mojoyinola Oyindamola , Adetona Ademuyiwa , Abioye Opeyemi Oladipupo , Asake Olumide Temitope , Olasehinde Olanrewaju Kassim , Oni Olawale Bashir-ud-deen 
Published: May 2024

Background
Nutritional imbalance is an underlying cause of 2.6million death annually and a third of child’s death globally. This study assessed and compared the nutritional status of primary school children and their caregiver’s knowledge on malnutrition in rural and urban communities of Ekiti State.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional comparative study carried out among 983 urban and rural primary school children in Ekiti State (495 in urban and 488 in rural) using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling technique was used and data collected was analyzed using SPSS 23 with level of statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results
Underweight and stunting were relatively higher in rural (6.5% and 22.7% respectively) than in urban (6.3% and 19.4% respectively) and these differences are not statistically significant (p = 0.898, p = 0.197). However, wasting, overweight and obesity were higher in urban (12.7%, 6.1% and 7.7% respectively) than rural (11.5%, 3.7% and 7.5% respectively) but the difference is not statistically significant. (p = 0.242). Majority of the caregivers in both settings had good knowledge of malnutrition though higher in urban mothers (89.5%) with statistical significance than their rural counterparts (71.5%). However, there is no significant association between caregiver’s knowledge and malnutrition in this study. Being in lower primary school class, relationship with caregiver, educational status of caregiver and occupation of caregiver were the common predictors of malnutrition among the school children in both community settings.

Conclusion
Generally, the prevalence of malnutrition was high in both urban and rural primary school children in this study. However, while underweight and stunting were more prevalent among the children in the rural communities, wasting, overweight and obesity were more prevalent in the urban. The caregivers in both communities had good knowledge of malnutrition (better in the urban) but this is not good enough to bring a significant relationship with the occurrence of malnutrition in the children. Common predictors of malnutrition in both community settings are being in lower primary school class, relationship with caregiver, educational status of caregiver and occupation of caregiver. It is therefore recommended that regular continuous public enlightenment, nutritional education programmes and other programmes targeted at improving the economic power of the caregivers are measures that will improve the nutritional status of the primary school children.
A study protocol to characterise pathophysiological and molecular markers of rheumatic heart disease and degenerative aortic stenosis using multiparametric cardiovascular imaging and multiomics techniques
Authors: Mutithu Daniel W. , Aremu Olukayode O. , Mokaila Dipolelo , Bana Tasnim , Familusi Mary , Taylor Laura , Martin Lorna J. , Heathfield Laura J. , Kirwan Jennifer A. , Wiesner Lubbe , Adeola Henry A. , Lumngwena Evelyn N. , Manganyi Rodgers , Skatulla Sebastian , Naidoo Richard , Ntusi Ntobeko A. B. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), and congenital valve diseases are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Many knowledge gaps remain in understanding disease mechanisms, stratifying phenotypes, and prognostication. Therefore, we aimed to characterise patients through clinical profiling, imaging, histology, and molecular biomarkers to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of RHD and AS.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, case–controlled study, we plan to recruit RHD and AS patients and compare them to matched controls. Living participants will undergo clinical assessment, echocardiography, CMR and blood sampling for circulatory biomarker analyses. Tissue samples will be obtained from patients undergoing valve replacement, while healthy tissues will be obtained from cadavers. Immunohistology, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptome analyses will be used to analyse circulatory- and tissue-specific biomarkers. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses will be used for hypothesis testing and identification of important biomarkers. In summary, this study aims to delineate the pathophysiology of RHD and degenerative AS using multiparametric CMR imaging. In addition to discover novel biomarkers and explore the pathomechanisms associated with RHD and AS through high-throughput profiling of the tissue and blood proteome and metabolome and provide a proof of concept of the suitability of using cadaveric tissues as controls for cardiovascular disease studies.
The Medical and Surgical Management of Recurrent Multicenter Insulinomatosis Without Known Genetic Predisposition
Authors: Jaquillard Erin , Pusateri Antoinette , Krishna Somashekar G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by episodic hypoglycemia. Typically, insulinomas are benign, solitary, intrapancreatic, and measure less than 2 cm in diameter. When insulinomas are multicenter or recurrent, they are often associated with genetic conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neurofibromatosis type 1, or von Hippel-Lindau disease. Most insulinomas can be resolved with surgery. Multicenter and recurrent insulinomas, known as insulinomatosis, may require additional medical and surgical management. We report a distinctive case involving recurrent multicenter insulinomatosis devoid of any identified genetic familial predisposition. The patient's complex medical history spans nearly 2 decades, marked by unsuccessful attempts at resolution through surgical enucleation and noninvasive medical management, culminating in the decision for total pancreatectomy.
Walking with: understandings and negotiations of the mundane in research
Authors: Bradley Jessica Mary , Pöyhönen Sari 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Disruptions, and indeed spectacular disruptions, are understood and experienced by people in many different ways. They serve to both highlight and embed deep-rooted inequalities, changing experiences of the everyday and even challenging the very right to have an everyday. In this joint article we critically engage with conceptualisations of the mundane, exploring how people negotiate everyday life in contexts of unprecedented change. We take up Georges Perec’s call to take account of the everyday, focusing on examples from two ethnographically informed projects, both of which engage with creative practice. The first is long-term research in forced migration settings in North-Western Finland, which explores how people negotiate and re-negotiate linguistic citizenship and everyday life, in a policy context which restricts and limits. The second is a community arts and wellbeing project in the North of England, which investigated creative approaches to re-emergence from the Covid19 pandemic among people who had been particularly affected by isolation, including new mothers. In both projects, our data are drawn from fieldnotes from observations, reflections from our own participation, interviews and creative artefacts made by participants. In our analysis and discussion, we foreground ephemeral everyday moments and how individuals aim to hold up the mundane in the middle of major, internal and international crises. We consider how the ‘right to an everyday’ is central to understandings of being human, and draw on these experiences to show how ethnographic research, with particular emphasis on language(s) and creative practice, can shed light on lived experiences of the mundane and unequal experiences of and rights to the everyday.
A new triple voltage gain seven level switched capacitor-based inverter with minimum voltage stress
Authors: Katta Suresh , Jayaram Nakka , Pulavarthi S. V. Kishore , Rajesh Jami 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents, a new seven level triple voltage gain inverter topology is proposed based on switched capacitor technique. The proposed inverter topology has minimum voltage stresses on the switches and balanced capacitor voltages. This paper briefs the operation of proposed topology, voltage stress analysis, capacitor sizing and generation gate signals for the switches. In addition, proposed topology is modeled in industrial based software PLECS with practical switches to study thermal behavior and efficiency analysis. Further, the proposed inverter topology is compared with competitive topologies in the recent literature. The proposed topology has merits like minimum total standing voltage, switching redundancy and inherent polarity generation. Furthermore, MATLAB based simulations and experimental analysis is done to validate the superior performance the proposed topology. The experimental results for the proposed seven-level inverter are presented and discussed in brief by considering different types of loads, amplitude modulation variations and frequency variations.
Chemical stability of β-carotene composite or bilayer emulsions coated with pea protein isolate and γ-polyglutamic acid compared to monolayer emulsion
Authors: Zhang Bobo , Zhu Hongshuai , Xie Xinhua , Shi Qingshan , Liang Dan , Chen Kai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The integration of β-carotene into functional foods is limited due to its limited hydrophilicity and chemical stability. To address this issue, emulsion was encouraged to be utilized. Monolayer, composite, and bilayer emulsions were prepared using pea protein isolate (PPI) alone or in combination with poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). Our findings indicate that the bilayer emulsion utilizing γ-PGA as an external emulsifier exhibited the smallest droplet size (737.61 nm) and highest zeta potential (−35.23 mV). Under various environmental stresses, the chemical stability of the composite emulsion surpassed that of the monolayer emulsion but was inferior to that of the bilayer emulsion. Moreover, following simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the β-carotene bioaccessibility in the composite emulsion (12.76 %) exceeded that in the monolayer emulsion (6.57 %) but was less than that in the bilayer emulsion (20.01 %). Therefore, the emulsion preparation method or the sequence of γ-PGA addition significantly affects emulsion stability. Among the studied emulsions, the bilayer emulsion demonstrated the most stable structure, enhancing the stability of β-carotene within the oil droplets.
Memorizing soccer tactics through immersive and non-immersive visualizations: the moderating effect of visuospatial abilities
Authors: Ben Mahfoudh Hatem , Zoudji Bachir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used for sports purposes, including tactical learning. However, the instructional efficiency of this emerging technology remains unclear, especially when considering learners’ cognitive abilities, such as visuospatial abilities (VSA). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of VSA in memorizing soccer tactics under immersive (VR) and non-immersive (animation) conditions.

Methods
The experiment involved a group of 52 adult male soccer beginners. Initially, participants’ VSA were assessed using six computerized tasks. Subsequently, participants were tasked with memorizing and reproducing tactical soccer scenes in VR and animation formats.

Results
The results revealed a significant interaction, indicating that beginners with high-VSA were more efficient at memorizing scenes through animation than VR, supporting the ability-as-enhancer hypothesis. Conversely, those with low-VSA benefited equally from both visualizations, despite being more accurate in recalling scenes through VR.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that coaches should pay attention when using new technologies such as VR and consider individuals’ levels of VSA to improve their communication and learning sessions.
Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) due to Arg242 His variant in ALB gene in Turkish children
Authors: Turkkahraman Doga , Gullu Merve , Tekin Suat , Kalkan Tarkan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate albumin (ALB) gene variations in patients suspected from familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH).

Methods
Eight Turkish patients were included into the study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the subjects and their parents were evaluated and genetic analysis were performed.

Results
In genetic analysis, a previously reported heterozygous, c.725G>A variant was detected in exon seven of the ALB gene.

Conclusions
FDH is an asymptomatic condition however there is still a risk of misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Therefore, if FDH is considered, initial ALB hotspot sequencing as a rapid and simple method is recommended instead of complex and expensive laboratory and imaging techniques.