bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular embeddings of the stationary tower and Woodin's maximality theorem
Authors: Ketchersid Richard , Larson Paul B. , Zapletal Jindřich 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present Woodin's proof that if there exists a measurable Woodin cardinal δ then there is a forcing extension satisfying all sentences ϕ such that CH + ϕ holds in a forcing extension of V by a partial order in Vδ. We also use some of the techniques from this proof to show that if there exists a stationary limit of stationary limits of Woodin cardinals, then in a homogeneous forcing extension there is an elementary embedding j: V → M with critical point such that M is countably closed in the forcing extension.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, crystal structure and antifungal activity of thiourea derivatives containing a thiazole moiety
Authors: Saeed Sohail , Rashid Naghmana , Jones Peter , Hussain Rizwan , Bhatti Moazzam 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Four novel thiourea derivatives containing a thiazole moiety were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of 1a was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell dimensions a = 11.7752(6) Å, b= 3.8677(2) Å, c= 27.4126(13) Å and β = 92.734(5) Å. There is a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond of the type N-H⋯O, with H⋯O distance of 2.5869(19) Å. The mass fragmentation pattern has also been discussed. The antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was studied by broth micro-dilution method and poisoned food technique. The compounds 1b and 1c possessed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity.
A new zinc complex of 1-propyl-1H-benzo[d] imidazole: synthesis, characterization and electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhuang Rui , Jian Fang , Wang KeFei 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis, characterization and performance of a new zinc(II) complex of [Zn(C3H7-bim)2Br2] (bim = benzimidazole) as electrocatalyst for trichloroacetic acid and bromate reduction. Its structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The zinc atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry by coordinating to two bromine atoms and two nitrogen atoms from two 1-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole ligands. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalysis of the zinc complex bulk-modified carbon paste electrode (Zn-CPE) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The Zn-CPE shows good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid and bromate. The detection limit and the sensitivity are 0.05 μM, 67.43 μA μM−1 for trichloroacetic acid detection, and 0.02 μM, 69.94 μA μM−1 for bromate detection, respectively. This modified electrode shows good reproducibility, high stability, low detection limit, technical simplicity and possibility of rapid preparation, which is important for practical applications.
Synthesis and characterization of new copper(II) complex compounds with chlorhexidine. Part I
Authors: Călinescu Mirela , Negreanu-Pîrjol Ticuţa , Georgescu Rodica , Călinescu Octavian 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Three new copper(II) complex compounds with chlorhexidine diacetate as a ligand have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, molar conductances, magnetic susceptibility measurements, infrared, electronic and EPR spectra. The complexes correspond to the formulas: [Cu2(CHX)Cl4]·2C2H5OH, [Cu2(CHX)Br4]·2C2H5OH and [Cu2(CHX)(CH3COO)2] (CH3COO)2·2C2H5OH, where CHX = chlorhexidine, their composition and stereochemistry depending on the reaction conditions and the metal salt used. Chlorhexidine acts as neutral tetradentate NNNN donor, coordinating through the four imine nitrogen atoms. Investigations on antimicrobial activity in vitro show that all the complexes are active against the tested microorganisms, the complex with chloride being more active against Gram negative bacteria than chlorhexidine diacetate..
Formulation and evaluation of controlled release antibiotic biodegradable implants for post operative site delivery
Authors: Mathur Vijay , Mudnaik Rajesh , Barde Laxmikant , Roy Arghya , Shivhare Umesh , Bhusari Kishore 
Published: March 2010

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release antibiotic biodegradable implants for post operative site deliveryBiodegradable implants of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for post operative site delivery were prepared using glyceryl monostearate and different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), glycerol and Tween 80 as erosion enhancers by compression and molding technique. Formulations were subjected toin vitrodrug release by the USP dissolution method, while promising formulations were subjected toin vitrodrug release by the agar gel method and also to stability studies. It was observed that glyceryl monostearate formed hydrophobic matrix and delayed the drug delivery. Antibiotic release profile was controlled by using different combinations of erosion enhancers. The formulation prepared by the compression method showed more delayed release compared to formulations prepared by the molding method.
A Review of Predaceous Mites of the Genus Typhloctonus Muma (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in Ukraine with the Description of Unknown Male of T. Tuberculatus
Authors: Kolodochka L. 
Published: March 2010

A Review of Predaceous Mites of the GenusTyphloctonusMuma (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in Ukraine with the Description of Unknown Male ofT. TuberculatusPredaceous mites of the genusTyphloctonusMuma, 1961 from different plants in Ukraine are reviewed. Four species of the genusTyphloctonusare occurring in Ukraine:T. tiliarum(Oudemans, 1930),T. aceri(Collier, 1957),T. runiacusKolodochka, 1980 andT. tuberculatus(Wainstein, 1958) described, illustrated, measured and keyed (on females). These species differ not only by the features earlier indicated but by some additional characters revealed in this study. Type material ofTyphlodromus tuberculatusWainstein, 1958 have been revised and lectotype designated. Unknown male ofT. tuberculatusis described, measured and illustrated. Study of the holotypeSeiulus (Typhloctonus) arutunjaniKuznetsov, 1984 shows it to be a junior synonym of theTyphloctonus tuberculatus(Wainstein, 1958).
Descripton of Mordellistena Parvuliformis Larva (Coleoptera, Mordellidae)
Authors: Odnosum V. , Litvin O. 
Published: March 2010

Descripton of Mordellistena Parvuliformis Larva (Coleoptera, Mordellidae)
A senior instar larva of Mordellistena parvuliformis Stschegoleva-Barovskaja, 1930 beetle is described.
Helminth Fauna of Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) in Ukraine: Biodiversity and Parasite Community
Authors: Kuzmina T. , Kharchenko V. , Malega A. 
Published: March 2010

Helminth Fauna of Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) in Ukraine: Biodiversity and Parasite CommunityThe results of survey of helminth species diversity of roe deer (Capreolus capreolusLinnaeus, 1758) from nine regions of Ukraine are presented. Ninety-two roe deer from Chernigivska, Zhytomyrska, Kyivska, Vinnytska, Rivnenska, Ternopilska, Khmelnitska, Sumska and Cherkasska regions were examined by the partial helminthological dissection. Totally 30,753 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Prevalence of roe deer infection with helminths was 92.4%. Sixteen helminth species (1 of the Class Trematoda, 2 — of Cestoda and 13 — of Nematoda) were found.Setaria cervi(prevalence — 10.9%) was found in visceral cavity.Dictyocaulus eckerti(6.9%) andD. capreolus(2.3%) was found in lungs.Taenia hydatigenalarvae (2.3%) were found in mesentery.Paramfistomum cervi(10.9%),Haemonchus contortus(57.6%),Ashworthius sidemi(40.2%),Marshallagia marshalli(15.2%),Nematodirus oiratinus(1.1%),Trichostrongylus axei(3.3%) were found in stomach.Moniesia expansa(1.1%),Bunostomum phlebotomum(10.9%) were found in small intestine.Trichocephalus ovis(18.5%),Oesophagostomum venulosum(7.6%) andO. dentatum(1.1%) were found in caecum.Chabertia ovina(28.3%) was found in large intestine. Forty-four helminth associations were separated in the roe deer examined.
Records of the Grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearchearctic Geoelement on the Altai Mountains
Authors: Nartshuk E. 
Published: March 2010

Records of the Grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearchearctic Geoelement on the Altai MountainsFour species of grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae),Lasiambia shatalkiniNartshuk, 1986,Siphunculina stackelbergiDuda, 1933,Centorisoma flavumNartshuk, 1965, andCetema bispinosaDuda, 1933 are found on the Altai Mountains. These species were hitherto known from the Far East of Russia and the latter also from North Mongolia. The new records clarify the western border of ranges of these species. Distribution of the generaCentorisomaBecker, 1910 andCetemaHendel, 1907, each including in the Palaearctic two groups of species with centres of distribution in Europe and the Far East, permits to consider the origin of these genera from Tertiary Turgai forests.
Flexicurity - Challenge to Improve Czech Labour Market
Authors: Potužáková Zuzana 
Published: March 2010

Flexicurity - Challenge to Improve Czech Labour Market
Flexicurity reflects the current basic trend of the EU in guaranteeing high employment levels and attainability of national fiscal systems. It was introduced in Denmark in the 1990s and significantly helped reduce unemployment levels. The Czech labour market, despite the transformation process, has still space for further improvement, especially in the time of economic slow-down. The best way is to try to apply elements and components which have been already successfully implemented in the other EU Member States. The aim of the paper is (based on the statistical indicators and official documents concerning labour markets topic) to describe the basic function of the model and find the components of the flexicurity model which could be used also in the Czech Republic and change labour market operation.
Do As I Do: Exercise Habits of Physical Therapists, Physical Therapist Assistants, and Student Physical Therapists
Authors: Chevan Julia , Haskvitz Esther M. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundPhysical therapy practitioners are among the many health care professionals who can counsel their patients to address the public health care concern of physical inactivity. Health care providers who are physically active themselves are more likely to counsel patients on the benefits of activity.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the leisure-time physical activity habits of physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and student physical therapists in the United States using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine (CDC-ACSM) recommendations and (2) to compare these habits with those of the general population and other health care professionals.DesignA cross-sectional survey design was used.MethodsThere were 2 data sources. A random sample of American Physical Therapy Association members completed an online survey that included questions about physical activity habits worded in same manner as the leisure-time activities section of the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The final study sample comprised 1,238 participants: 923 physical therapists, 210 student physical therapists, and 105 physical therapist assistants. The 2005 NHIS public use data files were the source for the same information about the general US population and for a subset of health care professionals. Rates of participation in vigorous and moderate physical activity were analyzed.ResultsPhysical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and student physical therapists exercised at higher rates than adults and health-diagnosing professionals in the 2005 NHIS.LimitationsThe study may be limited by sampling and response bias.ConclusionsThis study identified that physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, and student physical therapists are meeting CDC-ACSM physical activity guidelines at higher rates than the US adult population and health-diagnosing professionals. These rates exceed the physical activity targets set for adults in Healthy People 2010.
Association of theMCP-1−2518 A/G Polymorphism and No Association of Its ReceptorCCR2−64 V/I Polymorphism with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: MALAFRONTE PATRICIA , VIEIRA JOSE MAURO , PEREIRA ALEXANDRE CARLOS , KRIEGER JOSE EDUARDO , BARROS RUI TOLEDO , WORONIK VIKTORIA 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To evaluate whether the A/G polymorphism at position −2518 in the regulatory region of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) or the V/I polymorphism at position −64 of the receptor, CCR2, are associated with lupus nephritis (LN) or any clinical characteristics of the disease or with renal survival in a patient population.Methods.We selected 197 patients with lupus nephritis and 220 matched healthy controls for study.MCP-1andCCR2genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Clinical and laboratory data were compiled from patients’ charts over followup that ranged from 6 months to 10 years.Results.The G/G genotype ofMCP-1was more common in LN patients (p = 0.019), while the A allele was associated with healthy controls (p = 0.007) as was the V allele ofCCR2(p = 0.046) compared to LN patients. Clinical index measures [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)], immunological markers, renal histology, renal function at enrollment, and renal survival were not influenced by these polymorphisms. A less aggressive renal disease, measured by renal SLEDAI index, was associated with the V allele of theCCR2gene polymorphism.Conclusion.These findings support thatMCP-1−2518 G/G is associated with LN but there was no association of this genotype with renal function or renal survival. When studyingCCR2−64 V/I polymorphism we showed a positive association of the V allele with healthy controls but no association of the genotype with LN patients.
Reproducibility of Joint Swelling Assessment by Sonography in Patients with Long-lasting Rheumatoid Arthritis (SEA-Repro Study Part II)
Authors: JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE , d’AGOSTINO MARIA ANTONIETTA , MARHADOUR THIERRY , ALBERT JEAN DAVID , BENTIN JACQUES , CHARY VALCKENAERE ISABELLE , ETCHEPARE FABIEN , GAUDIN PHILIPPE , HUDRY CHRISTOPHE , CHALÈS GÉRARD , GRANGE LAURENT , HACQUARD CÉCILE , LOEUILLE DAMIEN , SELLAM JÉRÉMIE , DOUGADOS MAXIME , SARAUX ALAIN 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of B-mode and power Doppler (PD) sonography in patients with active long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) comparatively with clinical data.Methods.In each of 7 patients being considered for a change in their RA treatment regimen, 7 healthcare professionals examined the 28 joints used in the Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28). Then 7 sonographers examined each of the 7 patients twice, using previously published B-mode and PD grading systems. The clinical reference standard was presence of synovitis according to at least 4/7 examiners. The sonographic reference standard was at least grade 1 (ALG1) or 2 (ALG2) synovitis according to at least 4/7 sonographers. Interobserver reproducibility of sonography was assessed versus the sonographer having the best intraobserver reproducibility. Agreement was measured by Cohen’s kappa statistic.Results.Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of B-mode and PD used separately was fair to good. Agreement between clinicians and sonographers at all sites using B-mode, PD, and both was 0.46, 0.37, and 0.36, respectively, for grade 1 synovitis; and 0.58, 0.19, and 0.19 for grade 2 synovitis. The number of joints with synovitis was smaller by physical examination (36.7%) than by B-mode with ALG1 (58.6%; p < 0.001). The number of joints with synovitis was higher by physical examination than by PD with both ALG1 (17.8%; p < 0.0001) and ALG2 (6.6%; p < 0.0001).Conclusion.PD findings explain most of the difference between clinical and sonographic joint assessments for synovitis in patients with long-standing RA.
Health Literacy Predicts the Discrepancy Between Patient and Provider Global Assessments of Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity at a Public Urban Rheumatology Clinic
Authors: HIRSH JOEL M. , BOYLE DENNIS J. , COLLIER DAVID H. , OXENFELD ABBEY J. , CAPLAN LIRON 
Published: March 2010

Objective.Numerous studies report that significant discordance exists between patient and provider [physician] measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined whether health literacy explains this discordance.Methods.We recruited English-speaking adult patients with RA for this cross-sectional study. Subjects completed 2 versions of patient global assessments of disease activity (PTGA), using standard terminology from the Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and the 28-joint count Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). The provider global assessment (MDGA) was also obtained. The discrepancy between PTGA and MDGA was calculated as the absolute difference between these assessments. We used validated instruments [Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM)] and linear regression to determine whether health literacy predicts disease measure discrepancy.Results.The study included 110 subjects. Limited health literacy was a common finding by both the REALM and S-TOFHLA. PTGA and MDGA showed fair to good correlation (r = 0.66–0.68), although both versions of the PTGA were significantly higher than MDGA by the t-test (p < 0.001). The S-TOFHLA and REALM both were associated with the absolute difference between the MDGA and PTGA by linear regression, and results remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis.Conclusion.Health literacy was independently associated with the extent of discrepancy between PTGA and MDGA in English-speaking patients with RA at an urban clinic. This finding should influence our interpretation of disease measures.
Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients without Overt Arterial Disease
Authors: CRILLY MICHAEL A. , CLARK HAZEL J. , KUMAR VINOD , SCOTT NEIL W. , MacDONALD ALAN G. , WILLIAMS DAVID J. 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To quantify the relationship between Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability and arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.A consecutive series of 114 patients with RA but without overt arterial disease, aged 40–65 years, were recruited from rheumatology clinics. A research nurse measured blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness (heart rate-adjusted augmentation index), fasting lipids, glucose, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF). A self-completed patient questionnaire included HAQ, damaged joint count, EuroQol measure of health outcome, and Godin physical activity score. Multiple linear regression (MLR) adjusted for age, sex, smoking pack-years, cholesterol, mean arterial BP, physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, arthritis duration, ESR, and RA criteria.Results.Mean age was 54 years (81% women) with a median HAQ of 1.13 (interquartile range 0.50; 1.75). Median RA duration was 10 years, 83% were RF-positive, and median ESR was 16 mm/h. Mean arterial stiffness was 31.5 (SD 7.7), BP 125/82 mm Hg, cholesterol 5.3 mmol/l, and 24% were current smokers. Current therapy included RA disease-modifying agents (90%), prednisolone (11%), and antihypertensive therapy (18%). Arterial stiffness was positively correlated with HAQ (r = 0.42; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.56). On MLR, a 1-point increase in HAQ disability was associated with a 2.8 increase (95% CI 1.1 to 4.4; p = 0.001) in arterial stiffness. Each additional damaged joint was associated with a 0.17 point increase (95% CI 0.04 to 0.29; p = 0.009) in arterial stiffness. The relationship between EuroQol and arterial stiffness was not statistically significant.Conclusion.In patients with RA who are free of overt arterial disease, higher RA disability is associated with increased arterial stiffness independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and RA characteristics.
Decreased Circulating CD28-negative T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Abatacept Are Correlated with Clinical Response
Authors: SCARSI MIRKO , ZIGLIOLI TAMARA , AIRÒ PAOLO 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To verify the hypothesis that blockade of CD28 costimulation by treatment with abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might induce a reduction in the number of CD28– T cells, as well as other effector T cell populations. We evaluated whether these variations correlate with clinical response.Methods.Peripheral blood T cell subsets were longitudinally evaluated by flow cytometry through the analysis of CD28, CD45RA, and CCR7 expression in 16 patients with RA who were treated with abatacept.Results.After 48 weeks of treatment, the proportion and the absolute number of circulating CD8+CD28– T cells decreased (p = 0.008, p = 0.055, respectively, compared with baseline), as well as the proportion of the CD8+CD45RA+CCR7– cells, thought to represent terminally differentiated effector T cells (p = 0.03). Reductions of percentages of circulating CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells, and (CCR7–) CD8+ total effector T cells were directly correlated with the reduction of Disease Activity Score 28 C-reactive protein (r = 0.58, p = 0.014; r = 0.47, p = 0.059; r = 0.59, p = 0.012, respectively).Conclusion.After therapy with abatacept, circulating CD28– T cells and other effector populations decrease in patients with RA. This decrease is correlated with clinical response.
Relative Over-Reactivity of Human versus Chimpanzee Lymphocytes: Implications for the Human Diseases Associated with Immune Activation
Authors: Soto Paula C. , Stein Lance L. , Hurtado-Ziola Nancy , Hedrick Stephen M. , Varki Ajit 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Although humans and chimpanzees share &gt;99% identity in alignable protein sequences, they differ surprisingly in the incidence and severity of some common diseases. In general, humans infected with various viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, appear to develop stronger reactions and long-term complications. Humans also appear to suffer more from other diseases associated with over-reactivity of the adaptive immune system, such as asthma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we show that human T cells are more reactive than chimpanzee T cells to a wide variety of stimuli, including anti-TCR Abs of multiple isotypes, l-phytohemagglutin, Staphylococcus aureus superantigen, a superagonist anti-CD28 Ab, and in MLRs. We also extend this observation to B cells, again showing a human propensity to react more strongly to stimuli. Finally, we show a relative increase in activation markers and cytokine production in human lymphocytes in response to uridine-rich (viral-like) ssRNA. Thus, humans manifest a generalized lymphocyte over-reactivity relative to chimpanzees, a finding that is correlated with decreased levels of inhibitory sialic acid-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins (Siglecs; particularly Siglec-5) on human T and B cells. Furthermore, Siglec-5 levels are upregulated by activation in chimpanzee but not human lymphocytes, and human T cell reactivity can be downmodulated by forced expression of Siglec-5. Thus, a key difference in the immune reactivity of chimp and human lymphocytes appears to be related to the differential expression of Siglec-5. Taken together, these data may help explain human propensities for diseases associated with excessive activation of the adaptive immune system.