bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Cilia‐Associated Respiratory Bacillus Infection in Rabbits Used for Elaboration of Hyperimmune Serum Against Mycoplasma sp.
Authors: Oros J. , Poveda J. B. , Rodriguez J. L. , Franklin C. L. , Fernandez A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCilia‐associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus was identified in lung lesions of rabbits used for elaboration of hyperimmune serum against Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. capri (Mmc). Numerous Warthin Starry (WS) positive filamentous bacteria aligned perpendicularly to the surface of bronchial epithelial lining were observed. Immunoperoxidase staining of these bacteria was detected using a serum anti‐rabbit CAR bacillus. Ultrastructural morphology corresponds to that of CAR bacilli previously reported in rabbits. The desirability of monitoring laboratory rabbits for CAR bacillus infection as part of the health programme is reinforced, especially in rabbits used for raising sera against respiratory pathogens of animal species in which CAR bacillus infection has been described. This is the first report of natural CAR bacillus infection in rabbits in Europe.
An Immunological Approach to the Evaluation of Welfare in Holstein Frisian cattle
Authors: Amadori M. , Archetti I. L. , Frasnelli M. , Bagni M. , Olzi E. , Caronna G. , Lanteri M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClinical immunological and haematological parameters, along with clinical conditions and growth rate, were studied in 413 male Holstein Frisian calves introduced into a large centre for genetic selection in different seasons of the year. Abnormalities were revealed by the laboratory tests in the great majority of calves after transportation stress, a general tendency to the restoration of physiological values being evident thereafter. Laboratory parameters were highly correlated with disease conditions: with three exceptions only, animals showed altered laboratory parameters some days before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. Eighteen per cent of animals showed altered laboratory parameters with no obvious clinical signs of disease; yet they experienced a reduced weight gain. Results suggest that clinical immunological and haematological parameters could be the foundation of a new, large‐scale, robust approach to the control of welfare in cattle, which should be integrated preferably by a further range of records and measures.
Aislamiento y Caracterización deYersinia enterocoliticade Cerdos y Bovinos en Chile. Isolation and Characterization ofYersinia enterocoliticafrom Swine and Cattle in Chile
Authors: Borie C. F. , Jara M. A. , Sánchez M. L. , Martin B. San , Arellano C. , Martínez J. , Prado V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ocurrence ofYersinia enterocoliticain tonsils and rectal swabs from 100 healthy pigs and the rectal swabs of 100 healthy cattle slaughtered at Santiago‐Chile were analysed.Yersinia enterocoliticawas isolated from 48 (48%) pigs but not from cattle. 98.2% of strains were of 4/O3 bioserogroup, considered to be pathogenic for humans. All of the strains were resistant to penicillin producing beta‐lactamase. Most of them were resistant to neomicin and tetracycline. The pYV marker was used to demostrate pathogenicity in all strains by four different assays: 65.5% of the strains were pYV positive by their plasmid profile; 73.3% by crystal violet binding; 84.5% by calcium dependency and 87.9% by hybridization with probe associated with cytotoxicity to Hep‐2 cells in vitro. All of theYersinia enterocoliticastrains were pYV positive with at least one of the four tests analysed, 46/58 strains were positive by three tests simultaneously. The similarities between associated cytotoxic genes of porcine and human strains is discussed. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics demostrated by the isolates strains suggest that the pigs in Chile are reservoir of potential pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticafor humans.
Treatment of Bovine Mastitis with Houttuynin Sodium Bisulphate
Authors: Hu S. H. , Du A. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHouttuynin sodium bisulphate (HSB), αhydroxyl‐capryl‐ethyl‐sodium‐sulphonate, is a product formed by reacting sodium bisulphate with houttuynin, which is obtained from a medicinal herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb. From HBS an aqueous intramammary solution was made for the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis. A total of 104 acute and subacute mastitis cases were randomly assigned into two groups with 52 cases in each group: 1. an HSB group in which 80 mg HSB was infused into an affected gland; and 2. a PS group in which intramammary administration of 800 000 i.u. penicillin G in combination with 1 g of streptomycin (PS) was conducted. The treatments were administered twice daily until the inflammatory signs were eliminated and mammary secretion became normal. In acute mastitis, 88.2% (15 of 17) were clinically cured and 52.9% (nine of 17) microbiologically cured by HSB; in the PS group, 90.0% (18 of 20) were clinically cured and 55.0% (11 of 20) microbiologically cured. In subacute cases, the clinical and microbiological cure rates were 94.3% (33 of 35) and 45.7% (16 of 35) respectively, in the HSB group; and in the PS group the clinical and microbiological cure rates were 93.7% (30 of 32) and 43.8% (14 of 32), respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between HSB and PS groups in the treatment of acute as well as subacute mastitis. In addition, an inhibitory effect was found on the growth of lactic streptococcus in the milk collected within 48 h of intramammary treatment with penicillin G in combination with streptomycin. However, for HSB, a mild inhibitory effect on lactic streptococci was detected in the milk within 12 h of treatment.
Passive Protection of Specific Pathogen Free Chicks Against Infectious Bursal Disease by In‐Ovo Injection of Semi‐Purified Egg‐Yolk Antiviral Immunoglobulins
Authors: Eterradossi N. , Toquin D. , Abbassi H. , Rivallan G. , Cotte J.‐P. , Guittet M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to develop an experimental model for passive immunity in SPF chickens, active neutralizing immunoglobulins (Ig) directed against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were extracted from the yolk of eggs laid by conventional layers immunized against IBDV. Concentrated Ig extracts were inoculated via the intra‐vitellin route into 7‐day‐old embryonated SPF hen eggs. Although detrimental to hatchability, Ig inoculation resulted in hatching two series of SPF chicks with passive immunity against IBDV. The neutralizing and ELISA antibody titres at 1 day‐old (respectively 12.64 and 13.15 log2; and 4915 and 4277), the kinetics of decay of the anti‐IBDV antibodies and the protection afforded by passive antibodies against highly virulent IBDV challenge proved highly consistent with data previously reported on conventional chicks. In‐ovo inoculation of purified egg‐yolk immunoglobulins may hence be a good experimental model for anti‐IBDV maternally‐transmitted immunity. This experimental model might possibly be adapted to other pathogens or vaccines for which interference with maternally derived antibodies is a matter of concern at 1 day‐old.
Herpesviruses in Tortoises: Investigations into Virus Isolation and the Treatment of Viral Stomatitis inTestudo hermanniandT. graeca
Authors: Marschang R. E. , Gravendyck M. , Kaleta E. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVarious studies were done during a spontaneous outbreak of stomatitis‐rhinitis‐complex (mouth rot) in a collection of Mediterranean land tortoises (21Testudo hermanni, Hermann's tortoises, and threeTestudo graeca, spur‐thighed tortoises) in southern Germany. These studies were intended to help diagnose the causative agent, establish a possible diagnostic methodin vivoand provide information on the efficacy of aciclovir and ganciclovir against chelonian herpesviruses. ThirteenT. hermanniand noT. graecadied within a period of 6 weeks following the introduction of one apparently healthyT. graeca. Two of the deadTestudo hermanniwere submitted for post‐mortem examination. In addition, blood samples from 11 of the 12 tortoises still surviving at the beginning of this study were cultured for virus content and for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to chelonian herpesviruses and swabs from conjunctiva, pharynx and cloaca were cultured for the presence of viruses. Herpesviruses were isolated from tissues of the two deadTestudo hermanni(tongue, intestine, trachea, lung, spleen, heart and brain). Peripheral leukocytes from one of 11 blood samples were positive for herpesvirus isolation, indicating viremia in at least one animal. Nine of 11 pharyngeal swabs but none of the conjunctival and cloacal swabs yielded herpesviruses. Circulating neutralizing antibodies were present in two of two testedT. graeca, but absent in all of the nine samples fromT. hermanni.Aciclovir and ganciclovir were effective when testedin vitroagainst one of the herpesvirus isolates.
Zum Einfluß optischer Strahlung auf die Emigration der Drittlarven von Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum aus dem Kot
Authors: Barutzki D. , Gothe R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies on the influence of optical radiation on the emigration of third stage larvae of Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum out of faecesThe influence of optical radiation on the emigration of third stage larvae out of faeces was investigated by exposing faeces containing infective larvae of Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum to broad‐band radiation of a sun‐simulating wavelength spectrum corresponding to a sunny day, a cloudy day, dawn, and a full‐moon night, as well as to monochromatic radiation of different wavelength spectrum at dawn and to complete darkness. It was demonstrated that third stage larvae of O. quadrispinulatum were able to differentiate between daylight and darkness responding to different irradiances with very high emigration rates at irradiances corresponding to dawn, and significantly lower emigration rates corresponding to full‐moon light, and darkness as well as a cloudy and sunny day. Infective larvae reacted to monochromatic radiation of different wave‐length spectrum at dawn and showed significantly higher emigration rates at the violet, green, yellow, and red light wavelength compared to darkness.ZusammenfassungZur Übcrprüfung des Einflusses von optischer Strahlung auf die Emigration von Oesophagostomum‐quadrispinulatum‐Drittlarven aus dem Kot wurden Fäzes mit Infektionslarven breitbandiger Strahlung eines sonnensimulierenden Spektralbereiches bei klarer und bedeckter Tag, Dämmerung und Vollmondnacht analogen Bestrahlungsstärken und monochromatischer Strahlung unterschiedlicher Wellenlängenbereiche bei Dämmerung entsprechender Bestrahlungsstärke sowie völliger Dunkelheit ausgesetzt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß Drittlarven von O. quadrispinulatum einerseits zwischen hell und dunkel unterschieden und andererseits in einem breiten Bereich optischer Strahlung abgestufte Bestrahlungsstärken wahrnahmen und darauf differenziert mit sehr hohen Auswanderungsraten bei einer Strahlung mit Dammerung analoger Bestrahlungsstärke und mit signifikant niedrigeren Emigrationsraten bei Vollmond, Dunkelheit sowie bedeckter und klarer Tag analoger Bestrahlungsstärke reagicrten. Bei Dämmerung analoger Bestrahlungsstärke nahmen Drittlarven sogar monochromatische Strahlung unterschiedlicher Wellenlängenbereiche wahr und zeigten eine signifikant gesteigerte Wanderaktivität bei violetter, grüner, gelber und roter Strahlung im Vergleich mit Dunkelheit.
Influence of Climate on Pasture Infectivity of Ovine Trichostrongyles in Dry Pastures
Authors: Romero C. Garcia , Valcárcel F. , Vázquez F. A., Rojo 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pattern of pasture contamination and the influence of some climatic factors on the development of ovine Trichostrongyles have been studied in dry pastures of Castilla‐La Mancha (central Spain) during a 3‐year period (1986–1988). The main identified genera were Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus, followed by Haemonchus, Cooperia and Nematodirus. Two peaks of pasture contamination were detected: from mid‐winter to early‐spring and from mid‐autumn to early‐winter. No significant differences in this pattern were observed during the 3 years except Haemonchus (1986–1988, P < 0.05; 1987–1988, P < 0.001). Seasons differed significantly (spring‐autumn, P < 0.05; summer‐the rest of the year, P < 0.001). The temperature was negatively correlated with the level of pasture infectivity (except for Trichostrongylus); however, the rainfall was positively correlated with pasture infectivity.
Rod‐Shaped Virus‐Like Particles in Intestinal Contents of Pheasant Chicks
Authors: ŜMid B. , Valiĉek L. , Kudrna J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRod‐shaped virus‐like particles (RSV), 55–85 nm in length and 18 nm in diameter, with 5 to 10 segments or helical turns, were demonstrated in the intestinal contents of young diarrhoeic pheasants by examination of a fresh sample. The origin of RSV seems to be splitting tails of bacteriophages.
Experimental Infection of Swine and Cat Central Nervous Systems by the Pig Paramyxovirus of the Blue Eye Disease
Authors: Ramirez.‐Herrera M. A. , Mendoza‐Magana M. L. , Dueñas S. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study analyses whether the pig paramyxovirus of blue eye disease (PPBED) infects the central nervous system (CNS) utilizing anterograde and retrograde peripheral nerve transport systems. The virus was injected into muscle and skin, and inoculated per nasum. The presence of PPBED was detected by an immunohistochemical method using polyclonal mouse antibodies against the whole inactivated virus, and was revealed with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against mouse immunoglobulin G (lgG) labelled with peroxidase. The PPBED injected into the pig medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle was detected in a terminal branch innervating the MG muscle, in neural fibres of the sciatic nerve, in fibres of the ventral and dorsal spinal roots and in ventral horn neurones of the spinal cord. When PPBED was injected into the skin area innervated by the sural nerve, it was detected in neural fibres of the sural and sciatic nerves and in spinal cord dorsal horn neurones. The per nasum inoculum rapidly invaded the CNS through the olfactory nerve. The study concluded that, in order to invade the CNS, PPBED was transported retrogradely by peripheral cutaneous and muscular nerves, and anterogradely by the olfactory nerve. No PPBED was detected in either cat peripheral nerves or in cat CNS.
Monoclonal Antibody Characterization of Rabies Virus Strains Isolated in the River Plate Basin
Authors: Delpietro H. A. , Gury‐Dhomen F. , Larghi O. P. , Mena‐Segura C. , Abramo L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study, 91 strains isolated in the River Plate Basin, South America, were examined from the epidemiological standpoint and with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the nucleocapsid of rabies virus. Such strains reacted to MAbs in accordance with nine different patterns (antigenic variants). Rabies virus was isolated from 49 cattle, 21 dogs, 11 non‐haematophagous bats, four vampire bats, two foxes, two horses, one buffalo, and one human. Five of the variants had not been described previously. It was also found that two cases of rabies in wild foxes (Cerdocyon thous) which had attacked persons in the Province of Chaco, Argentina, had been caused by variants from dog and vampire bat, while two cases in frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus) from Argentina and Brazil, had been infected by vampire bat variants. In addition, symptoms shown by cattle infected with strains which reacted as originating in canine vectors, differed from those observed in bovines from which the variants isolated corresponded to vampire bats.
Immunopotentiating Activities of Polysaccharide Fraction from Pine Seed Shell Extract
Authors: Baba T. , Itasaka Y. , Kodama H. , Mukamoto M. , Tsuji S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe function of polysaccharide (PSE) extracted from pine seed shells as a immunopotentiator was investigated. The phagocytosis and chemotaxis of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MP) were augmented by oral administration of PSE. The incorporation of 3H‐thymidine by Con A‐stimulated mouse splenic cells was significantly intensified by administration of PSE but the adherent‐cells (MP)‐eliminated splenic lymphocytes was not increased. It is shown that the existence of activated MP is needed for the activation (proliferation) of T lymphocytes. The responsiveness of mouse T cells to alloantigen was also augmented by administration of PSE. The number of anti‐SRBC plaque‐forming cells in the spleen of mouse and chicken was also significantly increased. The results indicate that MP are first activated by oral administration of PSE and that the activation of T cells is then initiated indirectly by humoral factors (cytokines) produced by activated MP.
Partial Purification and Characterization of a Murine Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium berghei Specific Aldolase
Authors: Kumar S. , Banyal H. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCell‐free P. berghei contains 26.1 times more aldolase activity as compared to normal mouse erythrocytes. Subcellular fractionation of cell‐free parasite showed maximum enzyme activity in the soluble fraction. The parasite enzyme was active in a narrow pH range of 7.8‐8.0. Of the enzyme activity 90 % was lost within 2 weeks at 4°C. Slight inhibition was observed with specific inhibitors ATP, pyrophosphate (PPi) and PEP. The F1, 6DP Km was 0.025 mM.
Intestinal Manifestations of Experimental SIV‐Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): A Histological and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Kuhn E.‐M. , Mätz‐Rensing K. , Stahl‐Hennig C. , Makoschey B. , Hunsmann G. , Kaup F.‐J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIntestinal lesions were studied in 32 rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with different strains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac (251/32H, 251/32H‐SPL and 251/MPBL) by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A spectrum of primary and secondary manifestations of SIV‐infection were detected. Primary changes included ‘SIV‐enteropathy’ in 12 monkeys and virus‐induced syncytial giant cell formation (GCF) of the intestine in two animals. A primary virus‐induced enteropathy occurred both as only histologically visible ‘SIV‐enteropathy’ and as ‘AIDS‐enteropathy’ accompanied by clinical signs of enteritis. Secondary opportunistic infections (Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium, Trichuris, Trichomonas, Spironucleus, Mycobacteria and Cytomegalovirus) were identified in 27 animals and three monkeys developed malignant lymphomas involving the intestinal tract. Compared to intestinal lesions in HIV‐infected patients, differences were found concerning the incidence of GCF and the range of opportunistic infections, with cryptosporidium, cytomegalovirus and mycobacteria occurring in both SIV‐infected macaques and AIDS patients. The present observations revealed that SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys provide an excellent model both for studies on the pathogenesis of HIV‐enteropathy and opportunistic infections and for the development of therapies against cryptosporidial, cytomegalovirus and mycobacteria infection. Comparison of three SIV‐strains revealed differences in primary and secondary lesions observed: SIVmac251/MPBL was correlated with severe primary SIV‐induced pathologic changes and SIVmac251‐SPL‐infected animals showed a higher incidence of malignant lymphomas.
The Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in‐Feed Medication by Applying Different Programmes for the Control of Post Weaning Diarrhoea Syndrome of Piglets
Authors: Kyriakis S. C. , Tsiloyiannis V. K. , Lekkas S. , Petridou E. , Vlemmas J. , Sarris K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPost weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) in piglets is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic Escherichia (E) coli (ETEC) strains. Six different in‐feed usage programmes of enrofloxacin (ENR/Baytril°; L.E.R. 2.5 %) were tested for their efficacy on the control of post weaning colibacillosis in piglets, using seven groups with totally 336 weaned piglets for a 28 day period. One group (negative control) was offered feed free of antimicrobials, three groups were offered feed medicated with 50 ppm of ENR starting on weaning day for 5, 7 and 10 days respectively, three groups were offered feed medicated with 50 ppm of ENR starting 7 days post weaning for 5, 7 and 10 days respectively, and were compared with regard to the appearance of clinical signs, mortality, weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that all ENR treatments reduced the incidence and severity of diarrhoea. Mortality was similar in all ENR treatments, but in the groups where the ENR was added for 10 days immediately after weaning and/or 7 days post weaning for 7 and 10 days respectively was lower compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). The evaluation of the weight gain data, as well as feed conversion ratio indicated that the six treated groups performed remarkably better than the control group (P < 0.05). No ETEC were detected on days 21 and 28 in all ENR groups contrary to the untreated control. It was concluded that a strategic medication initiated 7 days post weaning with 50 ppm of ENR and only for 7 and 10 days period of time is a useful tool in controlling PWDS due to ETEC.
The Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in‐Feed Medication by Applying Different Programmes for the Control of Post Weaning Oedema Disease in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Kyriakis S. C. , Tsiloyiannis V. K. , Vlemmas J. , Lekkas S. , Petridou E. , Sarris K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOedema disease (OD) usually occurs after weaning and is due to infection with (ETEEC) enterotoxaemic Escherichia (E.) coli. This study further examines the efficacy of three different in‐feed usage programmes of enrofloxacin (ENR/Baytril® L.E.R. 2.5%), on the control of post weaning OD in piglets. The recommended in‐feed dosage of ENR for this clinical indication, i.e. 50 p.p.m., was used. Five groups with a total of 240 weaned piglets for 28 days period were used in this trial. One group (negative control) was offered feed free of antimicrobials, one group was offered feed as that of the negative control group except that the feed consumption was restricted for the first 12 days post weaning, and three groups were offered feed ad libitum medicated with 50 p.p.m. of ENR starting 7 days after weaning for 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively, and were compared with regard to their performance. Mortality was lower compared to the negative control group in all ENR treatments (P < 0.05). The evaluation of the growth performance data, as well as feed conversion ratio, indicated that the three treated groups performed remarkably better than the control group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that a strategic medication initiated 7 days post weaning with 50 p.p.m. of ENR and usually for a 10 day period is useful in controlling and/or preventing post weaning OD due to ETEEC.
Pathology ofSerratia marcescensMastitis in Cattle
Authors: Guardo G. Di , Battisti A. , Agrimi U. , Forletta R. , Reitano M. E. , Calderini P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMicrobiological, cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations were carried out on four dairy cows affected bySerratia marcescensmastitis. The animals under study were from a herd of 120 lactating cows bred in the province of Rome. In the above herd,S. marcescensmastitis showed a prevalence of 20.8%.S. marcescenswas the only bacterial agent isolated, prior to and after slaughter, from the teat milk, the mammary gland and the supramammary lymph nodes of the four cows under study. Cytologically, the four subjects exhibited high cell counts in their milk, with an average of up to 5 570 000 cells/ml inS. marcescens‐infected quarters. Macroscopically, nodular lesions were apparent scattered throughout the mammary parenchyma, with enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. Histologically, a chronic, non‐purulent mastitis, characterized by a marked fibrous tissue proliferation and the coexistence of corpora amylacea within the glandular alveoli, was observed in association with chronic hyperplastic lymphadenitis involving the supramammary lymph nodes of the four cows. Immunohistochemically,S. marcescenswas demonstrated, by means of monoclonal antibodies, both in the mammary gland and in the supramammary lymph nodes from these four animals.