bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity Autocorrelation Functions and Diffusion Coefficient of Dusty Component in Complex Plasmas
Authors: Dzhumagulova K. N. , Ramazanov T. S. , Masheeva R. U. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe velocity autocorrelation functions of dust particles were calculated by the Langevin dynamics. It was indicated that their oscillations decay more rapidly with increase in the friction parameters. The dependencies of the dust particles diffusion coefficient on the friction coefficient at the different values of various parameters were obtained by the Green‐Kubo relation and mean square displacements. The validity of the Einstein relation at small values of coupling parameter was shown (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition and Thermodynamic Properties of Dense Alkali Metal Plasmas
Authors: Gabdullin M. T. , Ramazanov T. S. , Dzhumagulova K. N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work composition and thermodynamic properties of dense alkali metal plasmas (Li, Na) were investigated. Composition was derived by solving the Saha equations with corrections due to nonideality. The lowering of the ionization potentials was calculated on the basis of pseudopotentials by taking screening and quantum effects into account (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Configurational Entropy of Confined Yukawa Clusters
Authors: Anisimovas E. , Radzvilavičius A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractConfined strongly coupled systems, such as dust clusters in complex plasmas, are known to support multiple stable configurations corresponding to the same number of particles. In this work, we exploit the recently introduced concept of configurational entropy as a robust measure of the uncertainty arising due to the existence of multiple stable states with different occurrence probabilities. We apply this concept to classical Yukawa clusters of up to 100 particles in two‐ and three‐dimensional parabolic traps and investigate the dependence of the entropy on the system size, dimensionality, interparticle interaction range and anisotropy of the parabolic confinement. A universal behaviour of the configurational entropy close to the dimensional (zigzag) transition is reported (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Effect of Electron's Runaway in Partially Ionized Hydrogen Semiclassical Nonideal Plasma
Authors: Turekhanova K. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe effect of runaway electron for semiclassical partially ionized hydrogen dense plasma is studied in this work. Dependencies of friction force acting to electrons on coupling parameters were obtained. The relative number of runaway electrons as the function of their temperature was considered for semiclassical model of dense plasma. It has been shown that the differences between the relative number of runaway electrons values can be significant for various plasma models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Roton Minimum: Is it a General Feature of Strongly Correlated Liquids?
Authors: Kalman G.J. , Kyrkos S. , Golden K.I. , Hartmann P. , Donko Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe roton minimum is a deep minimum in the collective excitation spectrum of the liquid, forming around fairly high k ‐values. We have discovered, through MD simulations, that this appears to be a general feature of strongly coupled liquids and is ubiquitous in 2D and 3D Yukawa liquids. We suggest that the physical origin of the roton minimum has to be sought in the quasi‐localization of particles in a strongly correlated liquid and in the ensuing formation of local microcrystals whose averaged frequency dispersion would show roton minimum‐like feature (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adiabatic Index in Shock‐Compressed Beryllium
Authors: Fortmann C. , Lee H. J. , Döppner T. , Falcone R. W. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , Niemann C. , Glenzer S. H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a method to measure the adiabatic index of a material under shock compression by X‐ray Thomson Scattering. A beryllium target is symmetrically compressed by two counterpropagating shock waves that collide in the target center, producing super dense states of matter of up to 6 fold compression. We measure the density before and after the shock collision and solve the Hugoniot relations for colliding shocks to infer the adiabatic index. Our results indicate that the adiabatic index stays rather high even in the high compression regime. This agrees with a linear scaling model taken from the SESAME equation of state and shows that the adiabatic index becomes significantly different from the ratio of heat capacities in this strongly coupled plasma (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic Shear Viscosity in a 2D Yukawa System
Authors: Kovács A. Zs. , Hartmann P. , Donkó Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation studies on the dynamic (complex) shear viscosity of a 2D many‐particle system interacting via a Yukawa (Debye‐Hückel) type inter‐particle potential. Our investigations reveal the complex interplay of dissipative and elastic processes, as well as the effect of single particle resonances and enhanced collective excitations, and the influence of the external forces on the structural correlations in the system (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ARQ‐based updatable relay selection for distributed EO‐STBC cooperative system
Authors: Bai Zhiquan , Yang Xianglai , Kwak Kyungsup 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this work, we investigate the closed loop extended orthogonal‐space time block codes in decode‐ and‐forward cooperative networks and propose an updatable automatic repeat request protocol with relay selection. In the system, the relays decoding correctly are incorporated into a relay set, the optimal relays within this relay set can be selected based on the channel information, and the extended orthogonal‐space time block codes scheme is employed with the help of the feedback in automatic repeat request message. With the consideration of the relay selection, the system performance can be improved. Simulation and analysis results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme, which achieves better performance than conventional relay schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate Change Policy and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: FitzRoy Felix , Franz‐Vasdeki Jennifer , Papyrakis Elissaios 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA small (but increasing) number of economists has recently started to recognize that the costs of climate change mitigation measured as reduced growth in GDP need not reduce welfare in view of the weak correlation between the two in richer economies,providedthat mitigation and employment policies are properly combined. In this paper we sketch neglected links between these – now major – research areas and discuss how subjective well‐being and employment could be raised in the medium term by cost‐effective mitigation and green fiscal policy, in addition to the long‐run benefits of greenhouse gas reductions. A ‘green new deal’ placing more emphasis on climate change mitigation and happiness (rather than GDP as the key proxy for welfare) could be the appropriate strategy in the current economic climate of austerity and worsening recession, while also initiating the large‐scale mitigation investment for job creation that is so urgently needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
ATP signaling is deficient in cultured pannexin1‐null mouse astrocytes
Authors: Suadicani Sylvia O. , Iglesias Rodolfo , Wang Junjie , Dahl Gerhard , Spray David C. , Scemes Eliana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPannexins (Panx1, 2, and 3) comprise a group of proteins expressed in vertebrates that share weak yet significant sequence homology with the invertebrate gap junction proteins, the innexins. In contrast to the other vertebrate gap junction protein family (connexin), pannexins do not form intercellular channels, but at least Panx1 forms nonjunctional plasma membrane channels. Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to form large conductance (500 pS) channels that are voltage dependent, mechanosensitive, and permeable to relatively large molecules such as ATP. Pharmacological and knockdown approaches have indicated that Panx1 is the molecular substrate for the so‐called “hemichannel” originally attributed to connexin43 and that Panx1 is the pore‐forming unit of the P2X7 receptor. Here, we describe, for the first time, conductance and permeability properties of Panx1‐null astrocytes. The electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging analyses performed on these cells fully support our previous pharmacological and Panx1 knockdown studies that showed profoundly lower dye uptake and ATP release than wild‐type untreated astrocytes. As a consequence of decreased ATP paracrine signaling, intercellular calcium wave spread is altered in Panx1‐null astrocytes. Moreover, we found that in astrocytes as in Panx1‐expressing oocytes, elevated extracellular K+ activates Panx1 channels independently ofmembrane potential. Thus, on the basis of our present findings and our previous report, we propose that Panx1 channels serve as K+ sensors for changes in the extracellular milieu such as those occurring under pathological conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipocalin 2 is a novel immune mediator of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis and is modulated in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Berard Jennifer L. , Zarruk Juan G. , Arbour Nathalie , Prat Alexandre , Yong V. Wee , Jacques Francois H. , Akira Shizuo , David Samuel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). EAE pathogenesis involves various cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Given the complexity of the inflammatory response in EAE, it is likely that many immune mediators still remain to be discovered. To identify novel immune mediators of EAE pathogenesis, we performed an Affymetrix gene array screen on the spinal cords of mice at the onset stage of disease. This screening identified the gene encoding lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) as being significantly upregulated. Lcn2 is a multi‐functional protein that plays a role in glial activation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) stabilization, and cellular iron flux. As many of these processes have been implicated in EAE, we characterized the expression and role of Lcn2 in this disease in C57BL/6 mice. We show that Lcn2 is significantly upregulated in the spinal cord throughout EAE and is expressed predominantly by monocytes and reactive astrocytes. The Lcn2 receptor, 24p3R, is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages/microglia, and astrocytes in EAE. In addition, we show that EAE severity is increased in Lcn2−/− mice as compared with wild‐type controls. Finally, we demonstrate that elevated levels of Lcn2 are detected in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in MS and in immune cells in CNS lesions in MS tissue sections. These data indicate that Lcn2 is a modulator of EAE pathogenesis and suggest that it may also play a role in MS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infratemporal fossa metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Morita Naruhiko , Morimoto Koichi , Yonezawa Koichiro , Otsuki Naoki , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) occasionally metastasizes to lung and bone, but rarely to skeletal muscles. In this study, we present an unusual case of metastasis of PTC to the infratemporal fossa of a previously treated patient with PTC.Methods and ResultsA 74‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of PTC underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and neck dissection on the left side. Metastasis to the infratemporal fossa developed 13 years after the initial treatment. The patient underwent extirpation of the tumor via the infratemporal fossa approach with semicoronal skin incision. Right neck dissection and resection of residual thyroid tissue were also performed simultaneously. The patient underwent 131‐Iodine therapy and has been followed up for 12 months with no evidence of disease.ConclusionsThe possibility of metastasis of PTC should be included as a differential diagnosis if an unusual mass manifests in any location in patients with PTC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Chemocauterization of the internal opening with trichloroacetic acid as first‐line treatment for pyriform sinus fistula
Authors: Cha Wonjae , Cho Sung‐Woo , Hah J. Hun , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundPyriform sinus fistula is a rare brachial pouch anomaly. However, it is difficult and risky to remove the fistula tract completely. Circumferential chemocauterization of the internal opening with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for pyriform sinus fistula is simple, reproducible, reliable, and causes less morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of TCA chemocauterization for pyriform sinus fistula.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 44 patients who were diagnosed with pyriform sinus fistula and underwent TCA chemocauterization. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients to obtain their demography as well as treatment outcomes for them.ResultsThe success rate of treatment for pyriform sinus fistula after the first TCA chemocauterization was 77.3% (34/44) and the cumulative success rate after the second treatment was 93.2% (41/44). There was no complication such as vocal fold palsy after TCA chemocauterization.ConclusionsIt is suggested that TCA chemocauterization can be a reasonable first‐line treatment for pyriform sinus fistula. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Direct comparison of the cognitive effects of acute alcohol with the morning after a normal night's drinking
Authors: McKinney Adele , Coyle Kieran , Verster Joris 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare performance measures after acute alcohol consumption (intoxication) with the performance the day after a normal night's drinking (hangover).MethodsEighty‐four social drinkers took part in two studies that followed a counterbalanced repeated measure design. Fifteen men and 33 women were tested the morning (09:00, 11:00 or 13:00 h) following normal/usual alcohol consumption and the morning after no alcohol consumption; the order of testing was counterbalanced. In a second study, 36 participants (18 men and 18 women) were tested after receiving alcohol to attain a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%, and after no alcohol administration, the order of testing was counterbalanced. In both studies, participants completed a task battery of memory, reaction time and attention tasks.ResultsAlcohol had no effect on the free recall task and the spatial attention task. Alcohol consumption, either acute or the next day, significantly affected reaction time, divided attention, selective attention and Stroop interference. The impairments during intoxication and hangover were of comparable magnitude. Performance on tasks of delayed recognition and irregular interstimulus reaction time was worse during hangover when compared with intoxication.ConclusionIt is evident that awareness needs to be raised that performance the morning after alcohol consumption is at the same level if not worse than when participants are at the legal limit for driving (0.08% blood alcohol concentration). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AID ALLOCATION, GROWTH AND WELFARE WITH PRODUCTIVE PUBLIC GOODS
Authors: Agénor Pierre‐Richard , Yilmaz Devrim 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper develops an open‐economy intertemporal growth model with endogenous relative prices and an imperfect world capital market. The government provides infrastructure and health services, which are both productive. The model is calibrated for a ‘typical’ low‐income country and used to examine the growth and welfare effects of both permanent and temporary, tied and untied, increases in aid. Simulation results show that aid tied to productive government spending delivers high growth rates and substantial welfare gains, without leading to a sustained real appreciation, only if the efficiency of public expenditure (a proxy for the quality of governance) is sufficiently high. The presence of production externalities has important implications for the path of the real exchange rate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hijacking Mitochondria: Bacterial Toxins that Modulate Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Jiang Jhih‐Hang , Tong Janette , Gabriel Kipros 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBacterial infection has enormous global social and economic impacts stemming from effects on human health and agriculture. Although there are still many unanswered questions, decades of research has uncovered many of the pathogenic mechanisms at play. It is now clear that bacterial pathogens produce a plethora of proteins known as “toxins” and “effectors” that target a variety of physiological host processes during the course of infection. One of the targets of host targeted bacterial toxins and effectors are the mitochondria. The mitochondrial organelles are major players in many biological functions, including energy conversion to ATP and cell death pathways, which inherently makes them targets for bacterial proteins. We present a summary of the toxins targeted to mitochondria and for those that have been studied in finer detail, we also summarize what we know about the mechanisms of targeting and finally their action at the organelle. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Clinical microscopic analysis of protaper retreatment system efficacy considering root canal thirds using three endodontic sealers
Authors: Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , De Figueiredo Jose Antônio Poli , Fachin Elaine Vianna Freitas , Duarte Marco Antônio Húngaro , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Kuga Milton Carlos , Da Rosa Ricardo Abreu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system and the influence of sealer type on the presence of filling debris in the reinstrumented canals viewed in an operative clinical microscope. Forty‐five palatal root canals of first molars were filled with gutta‐percha and one of the following sealers: G1, EndoFill; G2, AH Plus; G3, Sealapex. The canals were then reinstrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary system. Roots were longitudinally sectioned and examined under an operative clinical microscope (10×), and the amount of filling debris on canal walls was analyzed using the AutoCAD 2004 software. A single operator used a specific software tool to outline the canal area and the filling debris area in each third (cervical, middle, and apical), as well as the total canal area. Data were analyzed by Kruskal‐Wallis test and Tukey test at P < 0.05. Sealapex demonstrated significant differences in the average of filling debris area/canal among the 3 thirds. This group revealed that apical third showed more debris than the both cervical and middle third (P < 0.0001). Endofill presented significantly more filling debris than Sealapex in the cervical third (P < 0.05). In the middle (P = 0.12) and apical third (P = 0.10), there were no differences amongst groups. Debris was left in all canal thirds, regardless of the retreatment technique. The greatest differences between techniques and sealers were found in the cervical third. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1233–1236, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physics of MRI: A primer
Authors: Plewes Donald B. , Kucharczyk Walter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article is based on an introductory lecture given for the past many years during the “MR Physics and Techniques for Clinicians” course at the Annual Meeting of the ISMRM. This introduction is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of the field, as the subject of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) physics is large and complex. Rather, it is intended to lay a conceptual foundation by which magnetic resonance image formation can be understood from an intuitive perspective. The presentation is nonmathematical, relying on simple models that take the reader progressively from the basic spin physics of nuclei, through descriptions of how the magnetic resonance signal is generated and detected in an MRI scanner, the foundations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, and a discussion of the Fourier transform and its relation to MR image formation. The article continues with a discussion of how magnetic field gradients are used to facilitate spatial encoding and concludes with a development of basic pulse sequences and the factors defining image contrast. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1038‐1054. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of mutations identified in ORFs M27, M36, m139, m141, and m143 in the temperature‐sensitive phenotype of murine cytomegalovirus mutant tsm5
Authors: Al‐Ali Abdulaziz , Timoshenko Olga , Martin Brian A.B. , Sweet Clive 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA mutant of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), tsm5, which is temperature‐sensitive for replication in murine embryo fibroblasts at 40°C, failed to replicate to detectable levels in mice. A total of 18 non‐synonymous mutations have been identified in tsm5. In a previous study, a mutation (C890Y) identified in the M70 primase gene, when introduced into the wt M70 primase, resulted in a mutant with reduced viral replication at 40°C in vitro and which was severely attenuated in vivo. Five other previously identified mutations may also contribute to the tsm5 phenotype: (1) an A658S mutation in a protein expressed by the M27 ORF; (2) a V54I mutation in M36; (3) a Y565* mutation in m139; (4) a V195M mutation in m141; and (5) an M232I mutation in m143. In the present study, the above‐mentioned mutations were introduced individually (M27, M36, m139, m141, m143) or together (M27/M36) into the MCMV K181 (Perth) variant bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) using RecE/T homologous recombination. Growth in culture revealed that, apart from the double mutant (M27 and M36) and the m139 mutant, the introduced mutations in the above‐mentioned genes did not show a temperature‐sensitive phenotype in MEF or Raw 264.7 macrophage cells compared to their revertants or the wt virus. In contrast, replication of the M27/M36 double mutant was drastically reduced in MEFs at 40°C and in macrophages at 37°C. Replication of the m139 mutant was reduced in MEF cells at 40°C but not in macrophages. Thus, at least three further mutations contribute to the tsm5 phenotype. J. Med. Virol. 84:912–922, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.