bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collapsing Glomerulopathy in 19 Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Lupus-Like Disease
Authors: Salvatore Steven P. , Barisoni Laura M. C. , Herzenberg Andrew M. , Chander Praveen N. , Nickeleit Volker , Seshan Surya V. 
Published: March 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Collapsing glomerulopathy is a podocytopathy with segmental or global wrinkling and collapse of capillary walls and overlying epithelial cell proliferation. Idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with significant proteinuria, poor response to immunosuppressive therapy, and rapid progression to renal failure. Collapsing glomerulopathy is associated with viral infections, autoimmune disease, and drugs. This work presents the largest group of collapsing glomerulopathy in patients with SLE.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Clinicopathological features were retrospectively studied in 19 patients with SLE (16 patients) or SLE-like (3 patients) disease with collapsing glomerulopathy.

Results
Initially, 95% of patients had nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria of 3–12 g per 24 hours, creatinine levels of 0.6–9.6 mg/dl, positive lupus serologies, and normal complement levels in 63%. Segmental and/or global collapsing glomerulopathy was seen in 11%–77% of glomeruli. Tubular atrophy with focal microcystic changes and interstitial fibrosis was seen in 35% of patients. Minimal glomerular mesangial deposits were noted in 63% of patients, and extensive foot process effacement was seen in 82% of patients. Initial treatment was with pulse/oral steroids. Follow-up from 13 patients revealed that 7 patients progressed to ESRD at the time of biopsy up to 21 months later, 1 patient returned to normal creatinine (1.1 mg/dl) without proteinuria, and 5 patients had creatinine of 1.2–3.6 mg/dl with proteinuria of 0.37–4 g per 24 hours.

Conclusions
Collapsing glomerulopathy may be seen in SLE patients presenting with massive proteinuria with or without lupus nephritis, which may have prognostic significance.
Effects of Sevelamer on HbA1c, Inflammation, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Vlassara Helen , Uribarri Jaime , Cai Weijing , Goodman Susan , Pyzik Renata , Post James , Grosjean Fabrizio , Woodward Mark , Striker Gary E. 
Published: March 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Increased inflammation and oxidative stress may be caused by proteins and lipids modified by cytotoxic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in food. Restricting food containing elevated AGEs improves these risk factors in diabetic CKD. Because diet adherence can be problematic, this study aimed to remove cytotoxic AGEs from food already ingested and to determine whether sevelamer carbonate sequesters cytotoxic AGEs in the gut, preventing their uptake and thereby reducing AGE-induced abnormalities.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This single-center, randomized, 2-month, open-label, intention-to-treat, crossover study compared sevelamer carbonate with calcium carbonate treatment in stage 2–4 diabetic CKD. Participants received 2 months of treatment with one drug, had a 1-week washout, and then received the opposite drug for 2 months.

Results
Sevelamer carbonate reduced HbA1c, serum methylglyoxal, serum εN-carboxymethyl-lysine, triglycerides, and 8-isoprostanes. Total cholesterol and fibroblast growth factor 23 were reduced by sevelamer carbonate, relative to calcium carbonate. AGE receptor 1 and sirtuin 1 mRNA were increased and PMNC TNFα levels were decreased by sevelamer carbonate, but not calcium carbonate. Medications and caloric and AGE intake remained unchanged. Sevelamer carbonate reversibly bound AGE-BSA at intestinal, but not stomach, pH.

Conclusions
Sevelamer carbonate significantly reduces HbA1c, fibroblast growth factor 23, lipids, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and markedly increases antioxidant markers, independently of phosphorus in patients with diabetes and early kidney disease. These novel actions of sevelamer carbonate on metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus may affect progression of early diabetic CKD.
Can cover crops reduce rabbit‐induced damages in vineyards in southern Spain?
Authors: Barrio Isabel C. , Villafuerte Rafael , Tortosa Francisco S. 
Published: March 2012

Damage caused by wildlife foraging can lead to significant agricultural losses and the problem can be further complicated if the damage‐inducing animal is a valuable resource in its own right. Provision of alternative food sources such as cover crops might be a means of reducing the damage which appears to be linked to scarcity of alternative foods in intensively‐managed agroecosystems. Cover crops may provide other benefits to agroecosystems, i.e. preventing soil erosion but can potentially have some undesired consequences, i.e. water competition with the cash crop. In our study, we tested the effectiveness of cover crops in reducing the damage caused by foraging European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus to vineyards in a semi‐arid agroecosystem in southern Spain. Experimental treatments consisted of a combination of the presence/absence of sown cover crops (70% oat Avena sativa and 30% garden vetch Vicia sativa) with/without rabbit exclusion. In the 2009 growing season, we assessed rabbit‐induced damage using a browsing index on vine shoots, rabbit use of plots was estimated based on faecal pellet counts and grapevine yield was measured at harvest. Rabbits ate the cover crops, and rabbit use was highest in the plots sown with the oat and vetch cover crop. However, the effect of the presence of the cover crop on the amount of damage caused by rabbits was limited and, moreover, the presence of the cover crop had a negative effect on grapevine yield. Exclosure fences effectively reduced rabbit damage by keeping rabbit densities close to zero, but even a low rabbit number (∼ 1 rabbit/ha) can cause significant damage. Although cover crops provided rabbits with an alternative food source, they acted as attractants for rabbits and were not effective in reducing the damage caused to vineyards by higher rabbit numbers. Therefore, adding cover crops might not be an effective measure in controlling rabbit‐induced damage in semi‐arid wine‐growing regions.
Monitoring and population estimation of the European badger Meles meles in Northern Ireland
Authors: Reid Neil , Etherington Thomas R. , Wilson Gavin J. , Montgomery W. Ian , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: March 2012

The estimation of animal abundance has a central role in wildlife management and research, including the role of badgers Meles meles in bovine tuberculosis transmission to cattle. This is the first study to examine temporal change in the badger population of Northern Ireland over a medium‐ to long‐term time frame of 14‐18 years by repeating a national survey first conducted during 1990‐1993. A total of 212 1‐km2 squares were surveyed during 2007‐2008 and the number, type and activity of setts therein recorded. Badgers were widespread with 75% of squares containing at least one sett. The mean density of active main setts, which was equivalent to badger social group density, was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46‐0.67) active main setts per km2 during 2007‐2008. Social group density varied significantly among landclass groups and counties. The total number of social groups was estimated at 7,600 (95% CI: 6,200‐9,000) and, not withstanding probable sources of error in estimating social group size, the total abundance of badgers was estimated to be 34,100 (95% CI: 26,200‐42,000). There was no significant change in the badger population from that recorded during 1990‐1993. A resource selection model provided a relative probability of sett construction at a spatial scale of 25 m. Sett locations were negatively associated with elevation and positively associated with slope, aspect, soil sand content, the presence of cover, and the area of improved grassland and arable agriculture within 300 m.
Modelling of microstructural evolution on complex paths of large plastic deformation
Authors: Petryk Henryk , Stupkiewicz Stanisław 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A procedure for the modelling of microstructural changes induced by non-uniform large plastic deformation of metals is developed. For a given plastic working process, a set of deformation paths for different initial locations of a material element is generated first for a non-hardening material by using the finite element method. Next, changes of a cellular microstructure and related hardening effects along each path are calculated by using a recently proposed model. The procedure is applied to a non-conventional process of cold extrusion assisted by cyclic rotation of the die. The evolution of microstructural parameters, their effect on strain hardening and a distribution map over the specimen cross-section are calculated.
Metal-oxide-modified nanostructured carbon application as novel adsorbents for chromate ion removal from water
Authors: Moradi Seyyed Ershad , Baniamerian Mohammad Javad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the present work, nickel oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized inside the pore system of nanoporous carbon and were used as adsorbents to remove hexavalent chromium. The structural order and textural properties of the new carbonaceous adsorbents were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and nitrogen adsorption. Experiments were conducted in batch mode with the variables such as contact time and solution pH. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 3–4 h for initial Cr(VI) of 10–100 mg.L−1. Maximum sorption capacity of Ni–NC and Fe–NC was observed as 0.86 mmol.g−1 and 1.17 mmol.g−1 respectively.
Mechanical properties and biodegradable behavior of Mg–6%Zn–Ca3(PO4)2 metal matrix composites in Ringer's solution
Authors: Zhao Jun , Yu Kun , Chen Liangjian , Li Shaojun , Hu Yanan , Lei Lu 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of Mg–6%Zn–Ca3(PO4)2 composite and evaluate its biodegradable behavior in Ringer's solution. The Mg–6%Zn alloy with 5%, 10% and 15% addition of Ca3(PO4)2 as reinforcements are produced through a powder-metallurgy sinter method and their corrosion properties are tested. The results show that the mechanical properties of the Mg–6%Zn–Ca3(PO4)2 composites are adjustable by the addition and particle distributions of Ca3(PO4)2. The Mg–6%Zn–5%, 10%Ca3(PO4)2 composites obtain properties including density, Young's modulus, and strength similar to natural bone. The Mg matrix, Mg7Zn3 phase, and Ca3(PO4)2 are identified in the experimental composite. Immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests reveal that 5% and 10% addition of Ca3(PO4)2 particles in the Mg–6%Zn alloy exhibit acceptable corrosion resistance in Ringer's solution.
Numerical simulation of the evolution of primary and secondary Nb(CN), Ti(CN) and AlN in Nb-microalloyed steel during continuous casting
Authors: Zamberger Sabine , Pudar Milan , Spiradek-Hahn Krystina , Reischl Michael , Kozeschnik Ernst 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The precipitation of carbides and nitrides in Nb-microalloyed steel is investigated experimentally and theoretically using light optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the thermokinetic software MatCalc. The simulations are based on a recently developed two-step methodology for precipitation simulation in primary solidification microstructures, where the compositional inhomogeneities from microsegregation are taken into account. The computed segregation is clearly evidenced in electron probe microanalyses of the as-cast microstructure. Based on the results of a Scheil–Gulliver simulation, precipitation kinetics simulations are performed with the chemical compositions corresponding either to the solute-rich interdendritic zone or the solute-depleted dendrite core zone. The predicted phase fractions, mean radii, number densities, and compositions of the precipitates are in good agreement with the experimental investigations.
Hydrogen permeability with dislocation in low carbon, aluminium-killed, enamel-grade steels
Authors: Csiszár Gábor , Fábián Enikoő Réka , Ungár Tamás , Dévényi László 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The role of dislocations on hydrogen permeation time of Al-killed, unalloyed low-carbon steels was investigated using a special high-resolution double crystal diffractometer operated at a rotating copper anode with fine focus. Information about dislocation character and Burgers vector populations are given by strain anisotropy. Generally, the hydrogen permeability increases or decreases with dislocation densities but hydrogen accumulation proved to be less favourable near a screw dislocation than an edge dislocation.
CNT-based displacement sensor
Authors: Karimov Khasan S. , Saleem Muhammad , Karieva Zioda M. , Khan Adam , Mateen Abdul 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this study, carbon-nanotubes-based Al/CNT/Al displacement sensors were designed, fabricated by deposition of the carbon nanotubes on an adhesive elastic polymer tape, and placed in the elastic casing, and investigated. The diameter of multiwalled nanotubes varied between 10–30 nm. The thickness of the carbon nanotube layers in the samples was 300–430 μm. The interelectrode distance (length) and width of the surface-type samples were in the range of 4–6 mm and 3–4 mm, respectively. The DC resistance of the sensors from different batches was decreased on average by 3 times as the displacement was increased up to 900 μm. The resistance–displacement relationships were supported by simulation.
Calorimetric investigations of liquid gold–antimony–tin alloys
Authors: Hindler Michael , Mikula Adolf 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Calorimetric investigations have been done on the Au–Sb–Sn system with a Calvet-type micro-calorimeter. The partial and integral enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system were determined at six cross-sections at 873 K. Three additional cross-sections were measured at 1073 K to check if there are any temperature dependencies. No temperature dependence could be found. The substitutional solution model of Redlich–Kister–Muggianu was used for a least-square fit of the experimental data in order to get an analytical expression for the integral enthalpy of mixing. The isoenthalpy curves for the Au–Sb–Sn system were constructed at 873 K. The Chou model was used to calculate the enthalpies of mixing for the ternary system. The calculated values were then compared with the experimental data. The calculated data are in very good agreement with the experimentally determined values.
Design of damage tolerance in high-strength steels
Authors: Münstermann Sebastian , Lian Junhe , Bleck Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWith the extensive application of advanced high-strength steels in various fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, industrial interest in the damage of advanced high-strength steels has increased in recent years. For these modern steels, due to their multiphase microstructure and different deformation mechanisms, the concept of damage must be re-examined. In this paper, the definition, length scale and different mechanisms of damage are introduced. Both the experimental evaluation of damage and the numerical damage models are briefly reviewed and compared. The approaches to improving damage tolerance are given in the framework of the damage tolerance design principle.
Effect of strain rate and dynamic strain ageing on work-hardening for aluminium alloy AA5182-O
Authors: Lademo Odd-Geir , Engler Olaf , Benallal Ahmed , Sture Hopperstad Odd 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The work-hardening of the solution-strengthened aluminium alloy AA5182-O is studied as a function of strain rate at room temperature. The main aim is to characterize the influence of strain rate and dynamic strain ageing on the work-hardening of the material. Tensile tests with constant nominal strain rates in the range from 10−6 to 1 s−1 were carried out; additionally, strain-rate jump tests were performed. The material exhibits a sharp yield point, a Lüders plateau, and serrated yielding within the actual range of strain rates. This indicates that the steady-state strain rate sensitivity is negative as a result of dynamic strain ageing. The serrations in the stress–strain curves and the work-hardening are markedly reduced with increasing strain rates. In most cases, the jump tests exhibit the standard behaviour, i.e., after a transient period following the jump in strain rate, the stress–strain curve converges to the steady-state stress–strain curve at the new strain rate.
Direct preparation of ferrite magnetic material from Jinchuan nickel sulfide concentrate by acid leaching
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Yu Ranbo , Deng Jinxia , Chen Jun , Xing Xianran 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A preparation route of ferrite magnetic material by leaching of Jinchuan nickel sulfide concentrates in hydrochloric acid was developed. Pre-roasting of the concentrates could significantly improve the leaching efficiency of nickel. X-ray diffraction measurements, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses were used to determine the phase transition after pre-roasting. The leaching could extract almost 100% nickel and 89% iron. The present process involved pre-roast of nickel sulfide concentrate, hydrochloric acid leaching at ambient pressure, solid–liquid separation, co-precipitation, and calcination. The nickel ferrite doped with Cu2+ and Mg2+ could be obtained by co-precipitation and calcination. Further study confirmed that ferrite products were of spinel structure and exhibit good ferromagnetism.
Investigation of the surface of a laser-treated cast iron cylinder bore
Authors: Májlinger Kornél , Szabó Péter J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe pollution materials emission standards in Europe are going to be more strict. In order to meet the environmental standards, a European automotive manufacturer performs a finishing laser treatment on the honed cylinder bores of their V-engine blocks. Samples of laser treated cast iron cylinder bores with lamellar graphite were investigated. In order to evaluate the microstructure and grain size of the laser-treated layer, scanning electron micrographs were taken on cross-sectioned samples with a scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam dual-beam instrument. The samples were found to be ultra-fine grained. Nanoindentation hardness measurements of the surface layer showed a clear linear trend between the laser power density in the applied range and the measured hardness. Additional microhardness measurements suggest an annealed region beneath the surface.
Photocatalytic activity of MnWO4 powder in highly effective hydrogen generation from H2O and H2O2
Authors: He Hai Yan , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHydrogen gas is a clear energy resource. The hydrogen generation from the H2O/H2O2/MnWO4 system was studied for the first time. The MnWO4 powders were fabricated via an aqueous reaction method and followed by calcination at 400°C. The powders were characterized with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The efficiency of the hydrogen generation increased with increasing initial pH in the appropriate range, H2O2 proportion, MnWO4 proportion, and intensity of light resource. Calcining at 400°C for 1 h makes the MnWO4 powder more effective for H2 generation and more stable at higher initial pH. The MnWO4 catalyst showed a long-term stability for photocatalytic H2 generation. A mechanism of the hydrogen generation from the H2O/H2O2/MnWO4 system is suggested.
Thermodynamics of dilute binary solid solutions using the cluster variation method
Authors: Sarma Bandikatla N. , Shah Shreyansh N. , Kumar Manoj , Lele Shrikant 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA transformation of correlation functions used in the cluster variation method is introduced, such that the transformed correlation functions represent departures of the untransformed correlation functions from their values corresponding to ideal solutions. Analytical solutions for the transformed correlation functions and their derivatives with respect to composition in the infinite dilution limit are obtained for the first time for disordered binary bcc (under irregular tetrahedron approximation), fcc, and cph (both under tetrahedron-octahedron approximation) phases using the framework of the cluster variation method. These results are utilized to obtain the configurational contribution to self-interaction coefficients which occur in the expansion of the logarithm of the activity coefficient.
Phase equilibria in the Gd–Ni binary and Mg–Ni–Gd ternary systems
Authors: Xu Guanglong , Cui Yu-Wen , Fei Houjun , Zhang Ligang , Zheng Feng , Liu Libin , Jin Zhanpeng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPhase equilibria of the Gd–Ni binary and Mg–Ni–Gd ternary systems were critically investigated using equilibrated alloys and differential scanning calorimeter measurements. The phase diagram of the Gd–Ni binary system was updated from scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimeter results obtained on binary samples over the entire composition range. Major changes made in the present work include the absence of the Gd3Ni2and GdNi4compounds and the congruent melting point of the GdNi compound. An isothermal section of the Mg–Ni–Gd ternary system at 673 K was constructed from the investigations on 22 ternary alloys. In total, six ternary compounds were identified in this work, three of which were observed to crystallize in the Cu4MgSn (τ1), Mo2FeB2(τ2), and Ru4Al3B2-type (τ3) structures, respectively. As in most of the Mg–rare-earth metal–transition metal ternary systems, a long-period-stacking ordered phase was identified to have an 18R structure and a melting temperature of 806 K. Noticeable solid solubility of Ni in the Mg5Gd and Mg3Gd binary compounds was observed.
Solidification behaviour of an AA5754 Al alloy ingot cast with high impurity content
Authors: Kumar Sundaram , Babu Nadendla Hari , Scamans Geoff M. , Eskin Dmitry G. , Fan Zhongyun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn view of the recycling of aluminium scrap for automotive sheet application, we have investigated the solidification behaviour of AA5754 alloy containing additional amounts of impurity elements such as Si, Fe, and Cu. Ingot casts with a high impurity content resulted in coarse α-Al dendrites and complex-shaped secondary phases. A large volume of coarse Chinese script and needle-type Fe-bearing intermetallic phases were observed to form at the centre of an ingot. In addition to the grain-boundary eutectic, spherically shaped rosette-type eutectic phases were observed within the Al grain in the high-impurity alloy. The more uniform size distribution of the Fe-bearing intermetallics observed in the Al–Ti–B grain refined alloy is attributed to the presence of a large fraction of α-Al grain boundaries which distributes the eutectic liquid where the Fe-bearing intermetallic forced to nucleate and grow.
Thermal stability of coherent Pd/TiAl interfaces studied from first-principles calculations and experiments
Authors: Wang F. , Gong H. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBoth first-principles molecular-dynamics calculations and experimental observations reveal that the coherent Pd/TiAl interfaces with various orientations are all thermally stable after annealing at 773 K, which seems good for the lifetime of Pd/TiAl membranes. It is found that the bond strength of the Pd/TiAl interface at 773 K becomes slightly smaller than the corresponding value at 0 K, and the interface dipole formed at 773 K seems marginally smaller than that at 0 K. In addition, calculations also show that the bond lengths of Pd/TiAl interfaces after annealing at 773 K become oscillated due to thermal vibrations, which are quite different from those at 0 K.