bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Reherniation of Disk Material in Eleven Dogs with Surgically Treated Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion
Authors: Hettlich Bianca F. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo report findings and outcomes of dogs with reherniation of nuclear material within 7 days of hemilaminectomy for acute thoracolumbar (TL) intervertebral disk extrusion.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsChondrodystrophic dogs (n = 11).MethodsDogs with acute neurologic decline within 1 week of surgical decompression for TL disk extrusion were identified. Advanced imaging was used to document extradural spinal cord compression at the previous surgery site. Ten dogs had a 2nd decompressive surgery to remove extruded nuclear material.ResultsAll dogs had acute neurologic deterioration (average, 2 neurologic grades) 2–7 days after initial hemilaminectomy. Computed tomography (CT; n = 10) or myelography (n = 1) documented extradural spinal cord compression compatible with extruded disk material at the previous hemilaminectomy site. Dogs that had a 2nd surgical decompression improved neurologically within 24 hours and were paraparetic at discharge. The single dog that did not have decompressive surgery did not regain deep nociception during 185‐day follow‐up.ConclusionsEarly reherniation at the site of previous hemilaminectomy can produce acute deterioration of neurologic function and should be investigated with diagnostic imaging. Repeat decompressive surgery can lead to functional recovery.
Acquired cytochrome C oxidase impairment in apheresis platelets during storage: a possible mechanism for depletion of metabolic adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Diab Yaser A. , Thomas Adia , Luban Naomi L.C. , Wong Edward C.C. , Wagner Stephen J. , Levy Richard J. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels decline significantly during storage of platelet (PLT) products, in part due to PLT degranulation. However, metabolic ATP stores also become depleted during storage through an unclear mechanism. Since both anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are important for PLT ATP production, it is possible that the reduction in metabolic ATP reflects impaired oxidative phosphorylation. To assess this, we evaluated the kinetic activity and protein expression of cytochrome C oxidase (CcOX) in stored apheresis PLTs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis PLTs were collected and stored with agitation at 22 ± 2°C for 7 days. In vitro measurements of PLT metabolic state, function, and activation were performed on Days 0, 2, 4, and 7 of storage. Total PLT ATP content, steady‐state CcOX kinetic activity, and protein immunoblotting for CcOX Subunits I and IV were also performed using isolated PLT mitochondria from simultaneously collected samples.RESULTS: Intra‐PLT ATP and steady‐state PLT CcOX activity declined significantly and in a progressive manner throughout storage while steady‐state levels of CcOX I and IV protein remained unchanged. Time‐dependent decline in CcOX activity correlated with progressive ATP depletion over time.CONCLUSION: During storage of apheresis PLTs for 7 days, the parallel decline in CcOX function and intra‐PLT ATP suggests development of an acquired impairment in PLT oxidative phosphorylation associated with perturbed ATP homeostasis in stored PLTs.
A cutaneous vascular neoplasm with hobnail microscopic morphology and unusual gross features
Authors: Wachter David Lukas , Agaimy Abbas 
Published: November 2011

Vascular tumors are categorized into benign hemangiomas, frankly malignant angiosarcomas and tumors with intermediate biological behavior (hemangioendotheliomas). The latter group includes hemangioendotheliomas of the epithelioid, kaposiform, retiform and composite subtypes. Furthermore, a heterogeneous group of both benign and intermediate vascular tumors exhibits a peculiar hobnail cell morphology. This heterogeneous group encompasses hobnail hemangioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma and a subset of angiosarcoma. We herein present a case of a cutaneous vascular neoplasm with hobnail morphology and unusual gross features.Wachter DL, Agaimy A. A cutaneous vascular neoplasm with hobnail microscopic morphology and unusual gross features.
Expression of the novel NUP98/PSIP1 fusion transcripts in myelodysplastic syndrome with t(9;11)(p22;p15)
Authors: Yamamoto Katsuya , Nakamachi Yuji , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Funakoshi Yohei , Okamura Atsuo , Kawano Seiji , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Minami Hironobu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives:  The t(9;11)(p22;p15) is a very rare but recurrent translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) blast crisis. The translocation results in a fusion gene between NUP98 at 11p15 and PSIP1 encoding two transcriptional coactivators, p52 and p75, at 9p22. Here, we describe the first case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with t(9;11)(p22;p15).Patient:  A 64‐yr‐old woman presented pancytopenia, trilineage dysplasia, and 9.2% blasts in the bone marrow, indicating the diagnosis of MDS.Results:  G‐banding and spectral karyotyping showed 46,XX,t(9;11)(p22;p15)[20]. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and nucleotide sequencing detected four types of NUP98/PSIP1‐p52 and two types of NUP98/PSIP1‐p75 fusion transcripts. Essentially, the NUP98 exon 12 or exon 11 by alternative splicing was fused in‐frame with the PSIP1 exon 8. Real‐time quantitative (RQ) PCR for NUP98/PSIP1/GAPDH demonstrated a 4‐log decrease after cord blood transplantation and a 2‐log increase at relapse.Conclusions:  The fusion genes combining NUP98 exon 11/12 with PSIP1 exon 8, which have never been detected in other AML/CML cases, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS. Furthermore, RQ‐PCR for NUP98/PSIP1 could be useful to monitor minimal residual disease.
Coexpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 may correlate with invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chenchen , Liu Jeffrey , Tang Yaling , Zhu Guiquan , Zheng Min , Jiang Jian , Yang Jing , Liang Xinhua 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 424–431Background:  Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland is characterized by advanced local invasion and distant metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia was reported to be associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 expression and the invasion and metastasis in ACC of salivary gland.Method:  In vitro we first detected the expression of HIF‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 in two ACC cell lines by Western blot and real‐time RT‐PCR. Then, in vivo, a retrospective investigation of 121 patients with ACC from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University between 1996 and 2005 was carried out using immunohistochemistry to analyze the association between the expression of these three factors and clinical–pathological factors of patients.Results:  The protein and mRNA levels of HIF‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 in the high‐metastasis cell line (ACC‐M) were much higher than those of the low‐metastasis cell line (ACC‐2). The positive expression of HIF‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 (71.07%, 42.98%, and 38.02%, respectively) was associated with the perineural invasion, the local recurrence, and distant metastasis of patients with ACC (P < 0.05). The patients with the positive coexpression of the three factors had a lower survival rate than those with the negative expression (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  It is proposed that the elevated expression of HIF‐2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 can contribute to invasion and metastasis of ACC, and there might be some correlation between the hypoxia microenvironment and EMT in ACC.
Decisions about life‐sustaining measures in children: in whose best interests?
Authors: Cornfield David N , Kahn Jeffrey P 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs the community of physicians and nurses dedicated to the care of critically ill children has gained ever more well‐developed skill sets, the decision to either continue or forego life‐sustaining measures has become less time‐sensitive. As a result, there is greater opportunity for careful consideration and discussion. The core principle in making decisions about whether to continue or forego life‐sustaining measures is the best interests of the child. However, there are many clinical situations wherein factors other than the child’s best interests may influence treatment decisions. The present report seeks to examine the notion that in the arena of paediatric critical care medicine, the decision‐making process regarding life‐sustaining measures may place insufficient priority upon the child’s best interests. We examine actual, de‐identified clinical situations, encountered in the critical care arena in two categories: (i) cases that challenge the imperative to act in the child’s best interests, and (ii) cases that compromise the ability of parents and caregivers to use child‐centred, best‐interests approaches to decision‐making. Clarity surrounding the implications of a clinical decision for the patient is essential. Decisions that are not focused squarely on the child’s best interests may compromise the delivery of optimally ethical end‐of‐life care.Conclusion:  The cases and analysis may benefit parents and caregivers as they struggle with the difficult ethical issues that accompany decisions to continue or forego life‐sustaining measures in children.
Bone mass development in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies: a 4‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Söderpalm Ann‐Charlott , Magnusson Per , Åhlander Anne‐Christine , Karlsson Jón , Kroksmark Anna‐Karin , Tulinius Már , Swolin‐Eide Diana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the longitudinal development of bone mass in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies and to study the impact of muscle strength and motor function on bone mass in these patients.Methods:  Eighteen patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2.3–19.7 years at baseline) and six patients with the milder Becker muscular dystrophy (10.8–18.9 years at baseline) were followed during a 4‐year period with respect to areal bone mineral density (BMD), motor function and muscle strength.Results:  Greater bone mineral accretion was observed in the Becker patient group compared with the age‐related Duchenne group above 10 years of age, and the older patients with Duchenne experienced decreased femoral neck BMD during the study period. In the study group, significant correlations were found between BMD in the lower extremities and muscle function parameters.Conclusions:  The differences in BMD between patients with Duchenne and Becker as well as between different bone measurement sites demonstrated in the present study point out the importance of preserving muscle strength and motor function in patients with muscular dystrophy. Moreover; it highlights the value of performing region‐specific analysis of the bone quality in these patients.
Effects of diets supplemented with zinc and manganese on performance and related parameters in laying hens‡
Authors: YANG Xiaojun , ZHONG Lelun , AN Xiaofang , ZHANG Nan , ZHANG Limin , HAN Jincheng , YAO Junhu , COTE Charron , SUN Yajing 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIron is often found to be of excessive concentrations in laying hens' diets, which may cause antagonistic interactions with other minerals. This study was conducted to investigate how to supplement Zn and Mn in the diets without Fe supplementation. In experiment 1, 420 18‐week Lohmann Brown layers were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 30–0, 65–30 and 100–60 mg/kg of Zn and Mn, respectively. In experiment 2, 360 40‐week Lohmann Brown layers were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 15–0, 35–0 and 55–15 mg/kg of Mn and Zn, respectively. Minerals were supplemented in the form of sulfate. Egg production was improved by supplementing 30 mg/kg Zn or 65 mg/kg Zn in combination with 30 mg/kg Mn in experiment one. In experiment two, a significant reduction of egg performance occurred with 35 mg/kg Mn supplementation. Mn and/or Zn supplementation increased eggshell thickness in experiment one, and decreased yolk cholesterol in both experiments. Mn and/or Zn supplementation increased Zn and Mn excretion in both experiments. Serum growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), and insulin levels, or alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were not affected by treatments; serum estrogen (E2) and triiodothyronine (T3) were different but there was no consistency by dietary treatments. This study demonstrates that 30 mg/kg supplemental Zn is necessary to obtain maximal egg production, and there seems to be no need to supply Mn in this type of diet.
Effect of anthocyanin‐rich corn silage on digestibility, milk production and plasma enzyme activities in lactating dairy cows
Authors: HOSODA Kenji , ERUDEN Bayaru , MATSUYAMA Hiroki , SHIOYA Shigeru 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAnthocyanin in purple corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported to show several functional and biological attributes, displaying antioxidant, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects in monogastric animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding anthocyanin‐rich corn (Zea mays L., Choko C922) silage on digestibility, milk production and plasma enzyme activities in lactating dairy cows. The cows were fed diets based on the control corn or the anthocyanin‐rich corn silage (AR treatment) in a crossover design. The anthocyanin‐rich corn silage‐based diet had a lower starch content, nutrient digestibility and total digestible nutrients content when compared to the control diet. The milk yield, lactose and solids‐not‐fat contents in the AR‐treatment cows were lower than in the control cows. The feeding of the anthocyanin‐rich corn silage led to a reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma. These data suggest that the anthocyanin‐rich corn has a lowering effect on AST activity with concomitant enhancement of SOD activity in lactating dairy cows. However, a new variety of anthocyanin‐rich corn with good nutritional value is needed for practical use as a ruminant feed.
The health of HIV‐exposed children after early weaning
Authors: Parker Megan E. , Tembo Martin , Adair Linda , Chasela Charles , Piwoz Ellen G. , Jamieson Denise J. , Ellington Sascha , Kayira Dumbani , Soko Alice , Mkhomawanthu Chimwemwe , Martinson Francis , van der Horst Charles M. , Bentley Margaret E. ,   for the BAN Study Team
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere are potential health risks associated with the use of early weaning to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource‐poor settings. Our objective was to examine growth and nutrient inadequacies among a cohort of children weaned early. Children participating in the Breastfeeding Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) Study in Lilongwe, Malawi, had HIV‐infected mothers, were weaned at 6 months and fed LNS until 12 months. 40 HIV‐negative, BAN‐exited children were compared with 40 HIV‐negative, community children matched on age, gender and local health clinic. Nutrient intake was calculated from 24‐h dietary recalls collected from BAN‐exited children. Anthropometric measurements were collected from BAN‐exited and matched community children at 15–16 months, and 2 months later. Longitudinal random effects sex‐stratified models were used to evaluate anthropometric differences between the two groups. BAN‐exited children consumed adequate energy, protein and carbohydrates but inadequate amounts of fat. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes were: 46% for vitamin A; 20% for vitamin B6; 69% for folate; 13% for vitamin C; 19% for iron; 23% for zinc. Regarding growth, BAN‐exited girls gained weight at a significantly lower rate {0.02 g kg−1 per day [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.03]} than their matched comparison [0.05 g kg−1 per day (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07)]; BAN girls grew significantly slower [0.73 cm month−1 (95% CI: 0.40,1.06)] than their matched comparison (1.55 cm month−1[95% CI: 0.98, 2.12]). Among this sample of BAN‐exited children, early weaning was associated with dietary deficiencies and girls experienced reduced growth velocity. In resource‐poor settings, HIV prevention programmes must ensure that breastfeeding stop only once a nutritionally adequate and safe diet without breast milk can be provided.
Fine‐scale Spatial Genetic Structure of Ten Dipterocarp Tree Species in a Bornean Rain Forest
Authors: Harata Tsuyoshi , Nanami Satoshi , Yamakura Takuo , Matsuyama Shuhei , Chong Lucy , Diway Bibian M. , Tan Sylvester , Itoh Akira 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFine‐scale spatial genetic structure is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the studies of tropical forest trees as it influences genetic diversity of local populations. The biologic mechanisms that generate fine‐scale spatial genetic structure are not fully understood. We studied fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in ten coexisting dipterocarp tree species in a Bornean rain forest using microsatellite markers. Six of the ten species showed statistically significant fine‐scale spatial genetic structure. Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure was stronger at smaller spatial scales (≤ 100 m) than at larger spatial scales (> 100 m) for each species. Multiple regression analysis suggested that seed dispersal distance was important at the smaller spatial scale. At the larger scale (> 100 m) and over the entire sample range (0–1000 m), pollinators and spatial distribution of adult trees were more important determinants of fine‐scale spatial genetic structure. Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure was stronger in species pollinated by less mobile small beetles than in species pollinated by the more mobile giant honeybee (Apis dorsata). It was also stronger in species where adult tree distributions were more clumped. The hypothesized mechanisms underlying the negative correlation between clump size and fine‐scale spatial genetic structure were a large overlap among seed shadows and genetic drift within clumped species.
Swift 1644+57: the longest gamma-ray burst?
Authors: Quataert E. , Kasen D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Swift recently discovered an unusual gamma-ray and X-ray transient (Swift 1644+57) that was initially identified as a long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB). However, the ∼10 keV X-ray emission has persisted for over approximately a month with a luminosity comparable to its peak value. The astrometric coincidence of the source with the centre of its host galaxy, together with other considerations, motivated the interpretation that Swift 1644+57 was produced by an outburst from a ∼106–107 M⊙ black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Here we consider the alternate possibility that Swift 1644+57 is indeed a long-duration GRB, albeit a particularly long one! We discuss the general properties of very long-duration, low-power GRB-like transients associated with the core-collapse of a massive star. Both neutron star (magnetar) spin-down and black hole accretion can power such events. The requirements for producing low-power, very long duration GRBs by magnetar spin-down are similar to those for powering extremely luminous supernovae by magnetar spin-down, suggesting a possible connection between these two unusual types of transients. Alternatively, Swift 1644+57 could be associated with the faintest core-collapse explosions: the collapse of a rotating red supergiant in a nominally failed supernova can power accretion on to a solar-mass black hole for up to ∼100 d; the jet produced by black hole accretion inevitably unbinds the outer envelope of the progenitor, leading to a weak ∼1049 erg explosion. In both neutron-star and black hole models, a jet can burrow through the host star in a few days, with a kinetic luminosity ∼1045–1046 erg s−1, sufficient to power the observed emission of Swift 1644+57.
EFFECT OF DENSE PHASE CARBON DIOXIDE PROCESSING ON MICROBIAL STABILITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA BEVERAGE
Authors: RAMÍREZ‐RODRIGUES MILENA M. , PLAZA MARIA L. , FERRENTINO GIOVANNA , BALABAN MURAT O. , REYES‐DE CORCUERA JOSÉ I. , MARSHALL MAURICE R. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTHibiscus beverage was treated with dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD), and inactivation was determined using yeasts and molds (Y&M) and aerobic plate counts (APCs). A central composite design with pressure (13.8–34.5 MPa) and residence time (5–8 min) at constant temperature (40C) and %CO2 was used. A storage study (14 weeks at 4C) included the DPCD treated (34.5 MPa, 8% CO2, 6.5 min and 40C), thermal treated (HTST) (75C for 15 s) and untreated (control) beverages monitoring microbial growth, pH, °Brix, titratable acidity (TA) and color. A minimum of 5 and 0.85 log reductions for Y&M and APC was achieved for all DPCD treatments. APC remained ∼2 logs during the 14 weeks of storage, while Y&M were reduced ∼3 logs and remained stable for both DPCD and HTST samples. °Brix and pH were not affected by DPCD treatment, whereas TA increased. A slight decrease was observed for a*, b*, hue angle and chroma for all treatments. Overall results showed that DPCD can be competitive with HTST process producing a shelf stable product while minimally affecting its physicochemical attributes.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHibiscus beverage processing requires an extraction step followed by a preservation method. New processing technologies such as dense phase carbon dioxide require little to no heat and may help to maintain the fresh‐like color, flavor and nutrients of the beverage. This research pursues the optimal processing conditions for a hibiscus beverage by comparing dense phase carbon dioxide processing with traditional pasteurization, and following the microbial stability and physicochemical attributes of these beverages after processing and during storage.
Osteocytes: central conductors of bone biology in normal and pathological conditions
Authors: Neve A. , Corrado A. , Cantatore F. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOsteocytes are the most abundant and longest‐living cells in the adult skeleton. For a long time, osteocytes were considered static and inactive cells, but in recent years, it has been suggested that they represent the key responder to various stimuli that regulate bone formation and remodelling as well as one of the key endocrine regulators of bone metabolism. Osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli by producing and secreting several signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, that initiate local bone remodelling. Moreover, they can control bone formation by modulating the WNT signalling pathway, an essential regulator of cell fate and commitment, as they represent the main source of sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation. Osteocytes can also act as an endocrine organ by releasing fibroblast growth factor 23 and several other proteins (DMP‐1, MEPE, PHEX) that regulate phosphate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that various bone diseases are associated with osteocyte abnormalities, although it is not clear if these changes are the direct cause of the pathology or if they are secondary to the pathological changes in the bone microenvironment. Thus, a better understanding of these cells could offer exciting opportunities for new advances in the prevention and management of different bone diseases.