bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Fund: A Reply to Casal
Authors: Steiner Hillel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Global Fund is a mechanism for the global application of the Left Libertarian conception of distributive justice. As a form of luck egalitarianism, this conception confers upon each person an entitlement to an equal share of all natural resource values, since natural resources – broadly, geographical sites – are objects for the production of which no person is responsible. Owners of these sites, i.e. states, are liable to a 100% Global Fund tax on their unimproved value: that is, their gross market value minus the value of the improvements added to them by human effort. It is argued that the revenue yielded by this tax would be correspondingly reduced by a further tax on the use of natural resources.
Autonomy, History, and the Origins of Our Desires
Authors: Valdman Mikhail 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA popular view among autonomy theorists is that facts about the history of a person's desires, and specifically facts about how they were formed or acquired, matter crucially to her autonomy. I argue that while there is an important relationship between a person's autonomy and the history of her desires, a person's autonomy does not depend on how her desires were formed or acquired. I argue that a desire's autonomy lies not in its origins but in whether its bearer has a history of having engaged with it in the right sort of way. I argue that this view has important advantages, and no obvious disadvantages, over its historical and its non-historical rivals.
Nigerian Missionaries in Europe: History Repeating Itself or a Meeting of Modernities?
Authors: Knibbe Kim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the question how to construct a vantage point from which to study the phenomenon of Nigerian missionaries in Europe. When theoretical frameworks extrapolating from the history of religion in western Europe are used to understand a religious network that originated in Nigeria, Nigerian missionaries and missionaries from the Global South inevitably appear as a case of history repeating itself and even as 'premodern.' In contrast, Africanist literature provides an understanding of the ways in which oppositions between tradition and modernity are constructed and used in Nigerian Pentecostalism that is very different. This literature however, does not provide ways to engage with the European contexts in which Nigerian missionaries operate. Therefore the article suggests that the encounter between Nigerian missionaries and European contexts might be most fruitfully conceptualized as a 'meeting of modernities' (inspired by Eisenstadt's notion of 'multiple modernities'), each implying a 'denial of coevalness.'
Origins of a Preposition: Chinese Pidgin English long and its Implications for Pidgin Grammar
Authors: Li Michelle 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This paper examines the origins and grammatical properties of a preposition in Chinese Pidgin English – long – which has not received much discussion. The significance of long is that it is highly multifunctional and semantically versatile. Long is used to indicate a range of semantic roles: comitative, benefactive, malefactive and source. A second function of long is to mark coordination. It will be shown that a substantial part of the syntax and semantics of long can be attributed to substrate transfer of a corresponding Cantonese morpheme tung4 'with'. The creation of long does not conform to the traditional thesis of simply taking the phonetic form from the lexifier language and deriving the grammar from the substrate language. It will be argued that the emergence of long is a case of multiple etymologies which involves the recombination of phonological, syntactic and semantic features from both English and Cantonese. Findings from new CPE sources also suggest a need for re-examining the historical connections between CPE and other Pidgin English varieties of the Pacific region.
Immobilization of Giant Vesicles onto Hydrophobized Polymer Gel Particles
Authors: Okumura Yukihisa , Yabushita Satoshi , Watanabe Aya 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Giant lipid membrane vesicles (GVs) were immobilized onto the surface of Sephacryl S-1000 gel particles chemically modified to possess hydrophobic moieties. The immobilization was firm but not efficient. Strong preference of the immobilization for small lipid aggregates enabled their removal from GV preparation by repeated incubation with the gel.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of 1,3-Diaryl-2,2-dichloroaziridine Derivatives in the Presence of Phase-Transfer Catalyst under Low-Concentration Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Rabiei Khadijeh 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this research, rapid and efficient preparation of 1,3-diaryl-2,2-dichloroaziridines through the reaction of Schiff base compounds with dichlorocarbene yielded in situ in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as phase-transfer catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation is described. The advantages of this reaction are very short reaction times, excellent product yields, simplicity of the method, and high purity of products.
Homo- and Heterochiral Aggregations of Samarium(III) Complexes with Acetate and Tripod Ligand Containing Three Imidazole Groups
Authors: Takahashi Saori , Murase Mami , Hagiwara Hiroaki , Matsumoto Naohide , Tsuchimoto Masanobu 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Three SmIII complexes with tripod heptadentate N7 ligands containing three imidazole groups, [Sm(H3L2-Me)(ac)](ClO4)2·2MeOH·H2O (1), [Sm(H3L2-Me)(ac)](ClO4)2·2EtOH (2), and [Sm(H3L4-Me)(ac)](ClO4)2·MeOH (3), were synthesized and the crystal structures were determined, where H3L2-Me and H3L4-Me are the 1:3 condensation products of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and either 2-methyl-4-formylimidazole and 4-methyl-5-formylimidazole, respectively, and ac denotes acetate ion. Each SmIII ion is coordinated by a tripod heptadentate N7 ligand and two oxygen atoms of the acetate ion. Due to the screw coordination arrangement of the achiral tripod ligand to the SmIII ion, the complex-cation [SmIII(H3L2- or 4-Me)(ac)]2+ gives Δ- and Λ-enantiomorphs. In compounds 1 and 2, two adjacent [Sm(H3L2-Me)(ac)]2+ species with the same chirality are linked by an intermolecular imidazole···acetate hydrogen bond to form a homochiral 1D chain structure. Adjacent chains with the same chirality are stacked to give a conglomerate crystal in 1, while adjacent chains with opposite chiralities are stacked to give a racemic crystal in 2. In compound 3, two adjacent [Sm(H3L4-Me)(ac)]2+ species with the opposite chiralities are doubly bridged by two intermolecular imidazole···acetate hydrogen bonds to form a heterochiral dimer and the adjacent dimers are connected by ClO4− ion through the hydrogen bonds to form a racemic crystal.
Selective Heating of Pd-Modified Ordered Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3 by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Onodera Kenzo , Tani Kensaku , Kubota Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Various microwave-heated heterogeneous catalytic reactions can be accelerated by choice of the catalyst supports and solvents. In this work, heterogeneous Pd catalysts supported on ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and related catalysts were prepared. In the presence of these catalysts, the effect of microwave heating on Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling as a probe reaction was investigated. The CMK-3 worked efficiently as a “carbon nanoflask” under microwave irradiation, especially in nonpolar solvents such as toluene and o-xylene with a lower ratio of dielectric constant (ε′) to dielectric loss (ε′′) (=tan δ).
Undesorbed Dichloromethane in Zeolites Studied by Solid-State NMR
Authors: Kojima Natsuko , Hayashi Shigenobu 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We have studied the state of adsorbed dichloromethane molecules not removed by evacuation in several H-type zeolites, ZSM5, mordenite, β, and Y, by means of solid-state NMR. The amount of undesorbed dichloromethane was determined by quantitative analysis of 1H MAS NMR spectra. The strength and the amount of Brønsted acid sites could not explain the amount of the undesorbed dichloromethane. The channel size is the most probable to determine the amount. The 1H and 13C MAS NMR spectra as well as the 2H static NMR spectra demonstrated that undesorbed dichloromethane is rather mobile.
FeCl3-mediated Direct Chalcogenation of Phenols
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Aihara Kiyoto , Kashihara Tetsuya , Takaki Ken 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Direct sulfenylation and selenylation of phenols using a stoichiometric amount of FeCl3 under an oxygen atmosphere has been developed. The chalcogenated phenols were shown to be suitable for preparing S- and Se-containing compounds using the reaction of the remaining hydroxy group.
A Molecular Conductor Based on Axially CN-Substituted Cobalt Tetrabenzoporphyrin
Authors: Matsuda Masaki , Ohishi Hiroko , Tofuku Madoka , Muramoto Naho , Yamaura Jun-ichi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A molecular conductor based on axially CN-substituted cobalt tetrabenzoporphyrin is reported. The crystal structure is isomorphous with a phthalocyanine-based conductor, however, estimation of effectiveness of π–π overlap and electrical transport measurement reveal that a slight change in molecular structure of macrocyclic π-conjugated ligands has significant influence on intermolecular interaction and electrical properties.
One-pot Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles from Microemulsion Systems
Authors: Miyazawa Taiki , Matsuda Keigo , Fujimori Atsuhiro , Nonomura Yoshimune 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Manganese oxide nanoparticles can be obtained simply by mixing surfactant/water/oil ternary systems containing dialkyldimethylammonium chloride, manganese(II) nitrate hexahydrate, and n-hexane. This finding is valuable in the design of a one-pot synthesis of nanoparticles from microemulsion systems.
Sudden cardiac death, borderline myocarditis and molecular diagnosis: evidence or assumption?
Authors: De Salvia Alessandra , De Leo Domenico , Carturan Elisa , Basso Cristina 
Published: October 2011

Purpose Sudden unexpected death autopsy is sometimes non-conclusive both from a macroscopic and from a histological point of view, even if carried out according to the guidelines for sudden cardiac death examination. Molecular biology techniques are required in this setting and may play a crucial role in reaching the final diagnosis. A case report The postmortem examination and toxicology findings of the body of a young monk found dead in his cell were negative. Rare focal myocardial lymphocytic infiltrates were seen microscopically, associated with interstitial oedema. The findings were not sufficient to diagnose a myocarditis as the certain final cause of cardiac arrest. According to the recent guidelines for sudden cardiac death, a molecular investigation by polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed on samples of myocardium and spleen, with detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in the myocardium. Accordingly, a diagnosis of parvovirus B19 borderline acute myocarditis was put forward as the possible cause of sudden cardiac death. Conclusion In sudden death cases in which there is lack of a cause-effect relationship with the postmortem findings, the final report should be expressed as a descriptive association of evidence, not providing unreliable certainty, as the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology recommends.
An Ode to Cimino
Authors: Ramanathan Anantha K. , Nowacki Jerzy , Hoffman Helen , McLaughlin Kay , Kelly Peta , Degnan James H. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The aim of the study was to ascertain whether a Cimino First policy can be implemented successfully in tertiary practice using a standardized technique. Methods This is a retrospective study. All first radial-cephalic (Cimino) fistulas placed by a single surgeon in incident patients were studied. A standardized surgical technique was used paying attention to the dorsal cephalic branch. No balloon maturation or early surveillance was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using survfit function in R (Vienna) was applied. Results Fifty-seven (69%) of 83 new accesses were radial cephalic fistulas. Of these, 44 (77.2%) were men. The patients were aged 17 to 83 (mean 54.1; SD 14.6) years. Whites comprised of 21 (36.8%), maori 18 (31.6%), and pacific islanders 16 (28.1%). Comorbidities included diabetes in 32 (56.1%), hypertension in 47 (82.5%), and hyperlipidemia in 25 (46.3%; n=54). Twenty-six (45.6%) were pre-dialysis. Mean body mass index was 30.74 (SD 6.9) Kg/m2 (n=56). Mean vein diameter was 3.3 mm (range 2.1–6.2 mm; n=36). Twenty-six (45.6%) had had previous central lines. Forty-four (77.2%) fistulas matured. Mean maturation time was 14.0 weeks. Thirty-six (63.2%) were used for dialysis while eight patients remained pre-dialysis with patent fistulas. Primary patency at one year and 18 months was 69.2% and 57.4% respectively. The figures for assisted primary patency were 85.6% and 72.3% respectively. Secondary patency was 87.6% and 83.9% at one and two years. Conclusions Cimino fistulas can be performed in a majority of patients with good results using a standardized surgical technique. The importance of the dorsal cephalic branch needs to be studied.
Psychometric characteristics of outcome measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: van Mater Heather A. , Williams John W. , Coeytaux Remy R. , Sanders Gillian D. , Kemper Alex R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review the performance characteristics of the instruments most commonly used to measure clinical outcomes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), including global assessments, articular indices, functional/disability assessments, and quality of life measures.MethodsAs part of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality comparative effectiveness review of antirheumatic drugs, we explored the characteristics of commonly used outcome measures for JIA. English‐language studies of children with JIA were identified from Medline and Embase. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, with subsequent full‐text review of studies selected based on predetermined criteria.ResultsWe included 35 publications describing 34 unique studies and involving 14,831 patients. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ) was the most extensively studied instrument and had high reliability, but only moderate correlations with other indices of disease activity and poor responsiveness to change in disease status. The physician global assessment of disease activity (PGA) and articular indices had the strongest association with disease activity and were the most responsive to change. Measures of psychosocial function and quality of life were moderately associated with measures of disease activity, but were less responsive to changes in disease status.ConclusionIn children with JIA, no single instrument was superior in reliability or validity or in describing the impact of JIA. Although the C‐HAQ has been extensively evaluated, the PGA and articular indices appear to have the highest responsiveness to change and, therefore, the highest potential for detecting important differences in treatment response.
Exploring occupational disruption among women after onset of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: McDonald Heather N. , Dietrich Tracy , Townsend Anne , Li Linda C. , Cox Susan , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo portray experiences of women engaging in everyday tasks, activities, and occupations, from symptom onset to 12 months after diagnosis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to explore the meanings attributed to their activities and occupations.MethodsA secondary analysis of qualitative data, guided by phenomenography, explored the stories of 37 women with early RA. The original study used in‐depth interviews to explore the help‐seeking process from first symptom to diagnosis, and results indicated unexplored impacts on activity, stimulating the present analysis. Transcripts were read and coded by 3 investigators and then debated by the full team with this new research objective in mind. Descriptive categories were formed through a systematic, iterative approach with a focus on how early RA impacted daily routines and participation in occupation.ResultsParticipants recounted a range of experiences characterized by changes in the way they engaged in occupations as a result of RA symptoms. Four interrelated categories were identified: uncertainties associated with good days, bad days, and worse days; experiencing activity disruption; doing things differently, which was perceived both positively and negatively; and changing views of self, as participants developed identities as individuals living with RA.ConclusionDaily activities and occupational identity can be profoundly impacted in the first 12 months after diagnosis with RA, resulting in significant life changes. Health professionals are encouraged to identify disrupted activities, facilitate participation in valued occupations, and create environments that enable patients to explore changes in identity to prevent negative life consequences.
Longitudinal study of the impact of incident organ manifestations and increased disease activity on work loss among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yelin Edward , Tonner Chris , Trupin Laura , Gansky Stuart A. , Julian Laura , Katz Patricia , Yazdany Jinoos , Kaiser Rachel , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence of the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on employment, but few studies have had sufficient sample size and longitudinal followup to estimate the impact of specific manifestations or of increasing disease activity on employment.MethodsData were derived from the University of California, San Francisco, Lupus Outcomes Study, a longitudinal cohort of 1,204 persons with SLE sampled between 2002 and 2009. Of the 1,204 persons, 484 were working at baseline and had at least 1 followup interview. We used the Kaplan‐Meier method to estimate the time between onset of thrombotic, neuropsychiatric, or musculoskeletal manifestations, or of increased disease activity, and work loss. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of work loss associated with the onset of specific manifestations, the number of manifestations, and increased activity, with and without adjustment for sociodemographic, employment, and SLE duration characteristics.ResultsBy 4 years of followup, 57%, 34%, and 38% of those with thrombotic, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychiatric manifestations, respectively, had stopped working, as had 42% of those with increased disease activity. On a bivariable basis, the risk of work loss was significantly higher among persons ages 55–64 years and those with increased disease activity and each kind of manifestation. In multivariable analysis, older age, shorter job tenure, thrombotic and musculoskeletal manifestations, greater number of manifestations, and high levels of activity increased the risk of work loss.ConclusionIncident thrombosis and musculoskeletal manifestations, multiple manifestations, and increased disease activity are associated with the risk of work loss in SLE.
Novel Composite Particles in Superconductor–Semiconductor–Superconductor Junction
Authors: Inoue Ryotaro , Takayanagi Hideaki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn superconductor–semiconductor–superconductor (Su–Sm–Su) junctions with superlattice structure, differential resistance as a function of voltage shows oscillatory behavior under the irradiation of radio‐frequency (rf) waves with specific frequency regardless of the superconducting materials and the junction geometries. We interpret quantitatively this newly discovered phenomenon in terms of the coupling of superconducting quasiparticles with long‐wavelength acoustic phonons indirectly excited by the rf waves. We propose that the strong coupling causes the formation of novel composite particles which we named Andreev polarons.
Linear solvation energy relationship and evaluation of mutual miscibility of polymers using inverse gas chromatography data
Authors: Huang Jan‐Chan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInverse gas chromatography (IGC) has been widely used to determine the Flory–Huggins parameters, χ, between solutes (probes) and polymers. In a previous study a multiparameter acid–base model, which included dispersion, polarity, acidity, and basicity components, was used to correlate the Flory–Huggins parameters of a series of probes obtained from IGC measurement. Using IGC data from two polymers the parameters of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) were calculated and used to estimate the interaction parameter between them. In the present study a modified linear method was proposed to obtain the parameter differences between the two polymers directly from their chromatographic retention data. This method offers a more convenient assessment on the mutual miscibility between the two polymers. This method is also related to the linear solvation energy relationship (LESR). Correlations between the descriptors of LESR and the parameters in this acid–base model are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Plasmatocyte‐spreading peptide influences hemocyte behavior via eicosanoids
Authors: Srikanth Koigoora , Park Junga , Stanley David W. , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHemocyte‐spreading behavior is required for expressing a cellular immune response, nodulation, which clears the vast majority of invading microbes from circulation. The nodulation response is completed by a layer of plasmatocytes, which spread over the nodule and initiate a malanization process leading to darkened nodules. Plasmatocyte‐spreading peptide (PSP), the first reported insect cytokine, is responsible for mediating the spreading and attachment of some subclasses of plasmatocytes to nodules. Prostaglandins (PGs), one group of eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid (AA), also mediate plasmatocyte spreading (PS), although the potential interactions between the PSP and PG signal transduction pathways have not been investigated. We tested our hypothesis that PSP acts via biosynthesis of eicosanoids, specifically PGs, in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. In this study, we report that (1) PSP and PGE2 independently stimulated Ca++‐dependent PS, (2) inhibitors of PG biosynthesis reversibly blocked PS, (3) dsRNA silencing the gene encoding proPSP blocked PS, which was rescued by PSP and by AA, (4) PSP‐stimulated PS was reversibly impaired by inhibitors of PG biosynthesis, and (5) the inhibitor‐impaired spreading was rescued by AA. Taken together, these points strongly support our model showing that PSP acts via a plasmatocyte‐surface receptor, which stimulates biosynthesis of the PGs responsible for mediating plasmatocytes spreading. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.