bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified gluteal‐fold flap for the reconstruction of vulvovaginal defects
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Ishitsuka Yosuke , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Xu Xuezhu , Hori‐Yamada Enmi , Ito Michiko , Onizawa Saori , Kawachi Yasuhiro , Otsuka Fujio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Reconstruction of vulvovaginal defects after tumor excision requires good‐quality skin cover because of the cosmetic and functional importance of this region. Although numerous techniques for vulvovaginal reconstruction have been described, an ideal approach has yet to be widely accepted.Methods  Seven gluteal‐fold flaps advanced in a V‐Y fashion were used to cover vulvovaginal defects in five patients who underwent surgical treatment for extramammary Paget’s disease or carcinoma of the vulva.Results  Each flap survived completely with no complication other than partial dehiscence in one case and temporary postoperative discomfort and pain upon sitting. None of the patients suffered from recurrence of the tumor.Conclusions  In our experience, this flap is easily elevated, not bulky, and reliable because it is supplied by the internal pudendal artery and vein perforators without excessive skeletonization of the vascular pedicle, and it has matched local skin quality. In addition, it has minimal donor‐site morbidity as the scar is concealed in the gluteal fold. It can cover medium‐sized vulvovaginal defects after tumor excision.
Hyperkeratotic eruption, hand–foot skin reaction, facial erythema, and stomatitis secondary to multi‐targeted kinase inhibitor sorafenib
Authors: Sahai Seema , Swick Brian L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Sorafenib and sunitinib, novel anti‐tumor agents approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, have been associated with multiple adverse cutaneous effects.Objective  To further investigate the constellation of possible adverse effects of sorafenib and sunitinib on the skin.Subjects and Methods  Case report of a 62 year old male with history of renal cell carcinoma treated with adjuvant sorafenib.Results  Our patient experienced a diffuse hyperkeratotic rash, hand‐foot skin reaction, facial erythema, and stomatitis within three weeks of initiation of sorafenib.Conclusion  Further investigation regarding the possible adverse cutaneous effects of sorafenib and sunitinib, pathogenesis and risk factors for development, associated time course, and preventative and therapeutic methods, will allow for better patient and physician education.
Aquatic sports dermatoses: Part 3 On the water
Authors: Tlougan Brook E. , Podjasek Joshua O. , Adams Brian B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe third of this three‐part series on water‐related sports dermatoses discusses skin changes seen in athletes who participate in sporting activities on top of or nearby water. While also susceptible to several of the freshwater and saltwater dermatoses discussed in parts one and two of the series, these athletes may present with skin changes unique to their particular sports. This updated and comprehensive review details those near‐water dermatologic conditions commonly seen in sailors, rowers, fishermen, surfers, windsurfers, rafters, and water skiers, and will serve as a guide for dermatologists, sports medicine physicians and other medical practitioners in recognition and treatment of these conditions.
Classic predictions about sex change do not hold under all types of size advantage
Authors: KAZANCIOĞLU E. , ALONZO S. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTheory predicts that the ‘size advantage’ (rate of increase in male and female fitness with age or size) determines the direction and the timing of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites. Whereas the size advantage is generated by the mating system and would be expected to vary within and between species, the shape or form of the size advantage has rarely been estimated directly. Here, we ask whether theoretical predictions about the timing of sex change hold under different types of size advantage. We model two biological scenarios representing different processes generating the size advantage and find that different types of size advantage can produce patterns that qualitatively differ from classic predictions. Our results demonstrate that a good understanding of sequentially hermaphroditic mating systems, and specifically, a direct assessment of the processes underlying the size advantage is crucial to reliably predict and explain within‐species patterns of the timing of sex change.
Does a trade‐off between current reproductive success and survival affect the honesty of male signalling in species with male parental care?
Authors: KELLY N. B. , ALONZO S. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent theory predicted that male advertisement will reliably signal investment in paternal care in species where offspring survival requires paternal care and males allocate resources between advertisement and care. However, the predicted relationship between care and advertisement depended on the marginal gains from investment in current reproductive traits. Life history theory suggests that these fitness gains are also subject to a trade‐off between current and future reproduction. Here, we investigate whether male signalling remains a reliable indicator of parental care when males allocate resources between current advertisement, paternal care and survival to future reproduction. We find that advertisement is predicted to remain a reliable signal of male care but that advertisement may cease to reliably indicate male quality because low‐quality males are predicted to invest in current reproduction, whereas higher‐quality males are able to invest in both current reproduction and survival to future reproduction.
Do insect pests perform better on highly defended plants? Costs and benefits of induced detoxification defences in the aphidSitobion avenae
Authors: CASTAÑEDA L. E. , FIGUEROA C. C. , NESPOLO R. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInduced defences are a typical case of phenotypic plasticity, involving benefits for ‘plastic’ phenotypes under environments with variable degree of stress. Defence induction, in turn, could be energetically expensive incurring costs on growth and reproduction. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation and induction of detoxification enzymes mediated by wheat chemical defences (hydroxamic acids; Hx), and their metabolic and fitness costs using five multilocus genotypes of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathioneS‐transferases activities were seen to increase with Hx levels, whereas esterases activity and standard metabolic rate increased in wheat hosts with low Hx levels. Additionally, the intrinsic rate of increase (a fitness proxy) increased in highly defended hosts. However, we did not find significant genetic variation or genotype–host interaction for any studied trait. Therefore, aphids feeding on host plants with elevated chemical defences appeared to reduce their detoxification costs and to increase their reproductive performance, which we interpret as a novel adaptation to defended plants. In brief, this study supports the notion that aphids perform better on highly defended host plants, probably related to the selective pressures during the colonization of New World agroecosystems, characterized by highly defended host plants.
Prevalence of Clinical Endometritis and its Impact on Reproductive Performance in Grazing Dairy Cattle in Argentina
Authors: Plöntzke J , Madoz LV , De la Sota RL , Heuwieser W , Drillich M 
Published: September 2010

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina to compare data with previous reports from herds kept in confinement housing systems. A total of 243 Holstein dairy cows from three commercial dairy farms in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were examined for the signs of clinical endometritis 18–38 days postpartum (dpp) by external inspection and manual vaginal examination. Vaginal discharge was scored into the categories VDS 0 (transparent, clear mucus), VDS 1 (mucupurulent discharge), VDS 2 (purulent discharge) and VDS 3 (purulent discharge with fetid odour). Cows diagnosed with VDS 1 to VDS 3 were regarded as affected with clinical endometritis and cows with VDS 0 as free of clinical endometritis. All cows were re‐examined 14 days later following the same examination protocol. Prevalence of clinical endometritis 18–38 dpp was 35% and decreased to 18% at re‐examination. Cows with no palpable ovarian structures or periparturient disorders were at higher risk for clinical endometritis. Hazard for pregnancy was significantly lower in cows with purulent or fetid odour discharge compared with reference cows with no discharge (HR = 0.49; p = 0.01), resulting in a lower proportion of cows pregnant by 360 dpp (66% vs 78%). Furthermore, the number of services per pregnancy was higher for cows with clinical endometritis than for cows without clinical endometritis (4.4 vs 3.1; p = 0.04). Cows with clinical endometritis were 1.6 times as likely to be culled as cows with no signs of clinical endometritis. In conclusion, the prevalence and the impact of clinical endometritis in a pasture‐based, extensive dairy production system in Argentina were similar to previously published data from dairy farms with confinement production systems.
Evidence that apoptotic signalling in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes is determined by mitochondrial pathways involving protein kinase Cδ
Authors: Xie Man‐Jiang , Chang Hui , Wang Yun‐Ying , Zhang Lin , Song Zhen , Guo Wan‐Gang , Wang Tao , Che Hong‐Lei , Yu Zhi‐Bin 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Hyper‐trophic cardiomyocytes show an increased susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli, but the mechanisms remain unclear.2. We hypothesized that activated protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy could move from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, and subsequently trigger the apoptotic signalling pathway.3. Hypertrophy was induced in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes using endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), thyroid hormone (T3) or angiotensin‐II (AngII). AngII at high concentrations (1 and 10 nmol/L) also induced apoptosis. Hypertrophic cells were then treated with AngII with or without specific inhibitors of the angiotensin receptors AT1and AT2(losartan and PD123319, respectively), endothelin receptor A (BQ‐123) and PKCδ (rottlerin). ET‐1 plus AngII had a threefold and significant increase in apoptosis in the hypertrophic cultures compared with AngII alone. In association with the increase in apoptosis, this treatment also promoted mitochondrial translocation of PKCδ, and increased expression of cleaved caspase 9 and activity of caspase 3. All of these increases were modulated by concurrent use of the PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin.4. The results suggest that apoptotic signalling in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes is determined by mitochondrial pathways involving PKCδ.
Downregulation of the circadian rhythm related gene Arntl2 suppresses diabetes protection in Idd6 NOD.C3H congenic mice
Authors: He Chen‐Xia , Avner Philip , Boitard Christian , Rogner Ute Christine 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. Our previous studies of the murine genetic locus Idd6 revealed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like protein 2 (Arntl2) as a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes; and in Idd6 NOD.C3H congenic mice, Arntl2 upregulation is linked to decreased diabetes development.2. In the present study, shRNA plasmids capable of suppressing Arntl2 expression were developed and given to diabetes resistant NOD.C3H congenic mice by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The effects of Arntl2 suppression on diabetes incidence and immune cell numbers were investigated.3. Diabetes incidence was increased by Arntl2 mRNA interference in the congenic strain and this was associated with an increase in CD4+ T cells and a decrease in regulatory T cells in the peripheral immune system.4. These results provide additional support for the protective role of the Arntl2 gene located in locus Idd6 in diabetes progression in NOD.C3H congenic mice.
Tectonic implications of the geochemical data from the Makran igneous rocks in Iran
Authors: Shahabpour Jamshid 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMakran is one of the largest accretionary prisms on Earth, formed by the closure of the Neotethys ocean which is now represented by its remnant, the Gulf of Oman. Tectonic evolution of the Makran island‐arc system is explored within the context of a north dipping subduction zone, with temporal variations in slab dip arrangement. In a Middle Jurassic–Early Paleocene steep slab dip arrangement, the Mesozoic magmatic arc and the Proto‐Jaz Murian depression, which was an intra‐arc extensional basin, were developed. This was associated with development of outer‐arc ophiolitic mélange and oceanward migration of the Bajgan–Durkan continental sliver, which is the continuation of the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone of the Zagros orogenic belt into the Makran region. In a Late Paleocene to Late Pliocene moderate to shallow slab dip arrangement, compression and tectonic inversion of the Proto‐Jaz Murian extensional basin into the Jaz Murian compressive basin was associated with the uplift of the southern part of the Jaz Murian Depression along the South Jaz Murian Fault, and emplacement of the Paleogene–Neogene magmatic arc, behind the Jaz Murian compressive basin. A shallow slab dip arrangement in the Quaternary led to the emplacement of a third magmatic arc inland, over the southern part of the Yazd–Tabas–Lut micro‐continental block. It is envisioned that the Makran island‐arc system will pass through similar tectonic events in the future, as the Zagros island‐arc system did in the past. However, a future remnant and/or residual basin similar to the present Gulf of Oman will continue to survive to the east.
Reduced gray matter volume of dorsal cingulate cortex in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: A voxel‐based morphometric study
Authors: Matsumoto Ryohei , Ito Hiroshi , Takahashi Hidehiko , Ando Tomomichi , Fujimura Yota , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Okubo Yoshiro , Obata Takayuki , Fukui Kenji , Suhara Tetsuya 
Published: September 2010

Aims:  Previous morphometric studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revealed structural brain abnormalities in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in brain structure of patients with OCD using a voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) method.Methods:  Sixteen patients with OCD free of comorbid major depression, and 32 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects underwent MRI using a 1.5‐T MR scanner. OCD severity was assessed with the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (mean ± SD: 22 ± 7.6; range: 7–32). MR images were spatially normalized and segmented using the VBM5 package (http://dbm.neuro.uni‐jena.de/vbm/). Statistical analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping software.Results:  Significant reductions in regional gray matter volume were detected in the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex and right dorsal posterior cingulate cortex in the patients with OCD as compared to healthy controls (uncorrected, P < 0.001). No significant differences in white matter volumes were observed in any brain regions of the patients. No significant correlation between Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale score and regional gray matter or white matter volume was observed.Conclusions:  Regional gray matter alteration in the dorsal cingulate cortex, which is suggested to play a role in non‐emotional cognitive processes, may be related to the pathophysiology in OCD.
Increased N‐Acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex among unmedicated obsessive–compulsive disorder patients
Authors: Fan Qing , Tan Ling , You Chao , Wang Jijun , Ross Colin A. , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Tianhong , Li Jianqi , Chen Kemin , Xiao Zeping 
Published: September 2010

Aims:  Changes in the fronto‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical‐circuit loop have been suggested in the pathogenesis of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and have been studied using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) with interesting findings. However, whether neural metabolites are abnormal in the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with OCD is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate neural metabolites in this brain region in a sample of patients with OCD.Methods:  Subjects were 21 unmedicated OCD patients, including 10 who were drug‐naïve, and 19 healthy controls. Single‐voxel 1H MRS was used to study the medial prefrontal cortex for each subject. Levels of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), choline‐containing compounds and myoinositol were measured in terms of their ratios with creatine (Cr).Results:  The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly higher among OCD patients than among healthy controls (F = 4.76, P = 0.037). However, it did not correlate with patients' symptoms or with their illness durations. The NAA/Cr ratio also did not differ between drug‐naïve and previously medicated patients. No significant group differences were found between OCD patients and normal controls for the choline‐containing compounds/Cr or myoinositol/Cr ratios. In addition, a significant correlation between the NAA/Cr ratio and trait anxiety scores on the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory was found among the controls (r = 0.639, P = 0.010).Conclusions:  The N‐Acetylaspartate level relative to creatine in the medial prefrontal cortex was increased among unmedicated OCD patients. This cannot be attributed to the effect of medications. The possible significance of this finding in the pathophysiology of OCD is discussed.
Psychometric properties of the 10‐item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese earthquake victims
Authors: Wang Li , Shi Zhanbiao , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Zhen 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  Resilience refers to positive adaption in the face of stress or trauma. Assessing resilience is crucial in trauma‐related research and practice. The 10‐item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC) has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to achieve this goal. This study was designed to examine the psychometric properties of the 10‐item CD‐RISC in a sample of Chinese earthquake victims.Methods:  A total of 341 participants (185 women, 156 men) aged 20–63 years were recruited from a psychological relief program supported by the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences following the ‘Wenchuan’ earthquake. The participants were given the 10‐item CD‐RISC and the 17‐item post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subscale of the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist (LASC) 4 months after the earthquake.Results:  The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single‐factor model consistent with the original design of the 10‐item CD‐RISC was support. The scale was also demonstrated to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.90 for a two‐week interval). Scores on the scale could reflect different levels of resilience in populations that are thought to be differentiated (probable PTSD vs healthy controls, t(339) = −7.60, P < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.84). Moreover, the total resilience scores were significantly negatively correlated with scores on total PTSD scale and its three subscales for all participants.Conclusion:  The Chinese version of the 10‐item CD‐RISC has excellent psychometric properties, and is applicable for Chinese people.
Lipid peroxidation in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Dietrich‐Muszalska Anna , Kontek Bogdan 
Published: September 2010

Aims:  There is evidence that dysregulation of free radicals metabolism associated with abnormal activities of antioxidative enzymes in schizophrenia can lead to lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocytes, blood platelets and cerebrospinal fluid. Injury to neurons in schizophrenia may affect their function, i.e. membrane transport, impairment of energy production in mitochondria, changes in membrane phospholipid composition, alteration of receptors and transporters as well as neurotransmission. The purpose of the present study was to assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (expressed as the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) in plasma from schizophrenic patients taking olanzapine or risperidone. The level of TBARS estimated according to the Rice–Evans method and TAC ([ABTS; 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay]) in plasma from schizophrenic patients (DSM‐IV criteria for schizophrenia, n = 30, age 18–36) taking olanzapine or risperidone and from healthy volunteers (n = 30) were measured.Methods:  The level of TBARS in plasma from healthy volunteers after incubation with olanzapine or risperidone was also estimated.Results:  Significantly lower plasma TAC (P < 0.05) and significantly increased level of TBARS (P < 0.001) in schizophrenic patients were observed. The in vitro study showed that after olanzapine or risperidone (at final concentrations corresponding to doses used in acute episodes of schizophrenia treatment) no changes of plasma lipid peroxidation were found (P > 0.05). The obtained results indicate that the pro‐oxidant disturbances occur in schizophrenic patients (acute episode) taking stable doses of olanzapine or risperidone.Conclusion:  It seems that second‐generation antipsychotics (olanzapine and risperidone) are not responsible for increase of plasma lipid peroxidation.
New generation of diagnostic tests for infertility: Review of specialized semen tests
Authors: Samplaski Mary K , Agarwal Ashok , Sharma Rakesh , Sabanegh Edmund 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe initial evaluation of the subfertile male includes a through history and physical examination, semen analyses, and hormonal evaluation. However, a normal spermiogram does not necessarily correlate with fertility potential, because it does not assess sperm function. For this reason, specialized semen tests have been developed to test various aspects of spermatozoal function. This article reviews basic male reproductive physiology, as well as clinically utilized advanced seminal tests, including their methodology and implications for reproductive technology outcomes and fecundity.