bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of conditions in sealed plastic bags on eclosion of mass‐reared Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni
Authors: Dominiak Bernie , Sundaralingam Selliah , Jiang Laura , Nicol Helen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe sterile insect technique has been used for more than 50 years to control a range of insects around the world. Sterile insect technique is rapidly becoming a major component of many area‐wide fruit fly management programmes. Irradiation of immature life stages induces sterility in adults, which are then distributed over large areas to mate with wild flies, resulting in no viable offspring. However, irradiation in normal air results in declining adult quality. To optimize the quality of sterile adult flies, several techniques are available to lower the levels of oxygen in fruit fly tissues prior to irradiation. The simplest method is to seal pupae in plastic bags and allow the oxygen consumption of pupae to minimize oxygen in both the air and pupal tissue. Some fruit fly species have rapid decreases in eclosion as a result of low oxygen atmospheres. We tested the tolerance of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to low oxygen for the first time. In the first two experiments, unirradiated B. tryoni pupae were tested for different periods in sealed plastic bags at 17, 21, and 26 °C. Optimum eclosion occurred at 21 °C with the lowest eclosion at 26 °C. In general, mean full eclosion declined at ca. 0.1% eclosion per hour sealed in plastic bags during the first 96 h for all temperatures. In the third and fourth experiments at 17 °C, there was a decline in average eclosion for irradiated and unirradiated pupae of about 13.4% after they were sealed in plastic bags for 192 h. In general, B. tryoni eclosion declined at 0.1% per hour inside sealed plastic bags for periods up to 192 h at 17 °C. Queensland fruit flies can tolerate long periods of conditions found inside sealed plastic bags and current practices for sterile B. tryoni release programmes will result in minimum decrease in eclosion. The possible evolution of tolerance of these conditions is discussed.
Effects of heat shock, heat exposure pattern, and heat hardening on survival of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata
Authors: Ju Rui‐Ting , Chen Gen‐Bao , Wang Feng , Li Bo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an invasive exotic pest on Platanus trees in China. This study assessed the thermotolerance of C. ciliata in the laboratory. Detailed experiments were conducted on the effects of high temperature (35, 37, 39, 41, 43, and 45 °C), duration of exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h), and developmental stage (egg, nymph, and adult) on survival of the bug. Meanwhile, the effects of heat hardening on survival at lethal temperature (exposure to 33, 35, 37, 39, and 41 °C for 1 h prior to transfer to 43 °C for 2 h) were also assessed for nymphs and adults. Survival of eggs, nymphs, and adults was not affected by temperatures between 35 and 39 °C, but declined rapidly with increasing duration of exposure (from 0.5 to 8 h) at temperatures ≥41 °C. The lethal temperature that caused mortality of 50% (Ltemp50) of all developmental stages decreased with increasing duration of exposure from 0.5 to 8 h. The Ltemp50 for nymphs was 44.3, 42.0, and 39.0 °C after 0.5, 2, and 8 h exposure, respectively. Thermotolerance was the highest in eggs, followed by adults and then nymphs. Thermotolerance was slightly greater for adult males than for adult females. The ability of nymphs, females, and males to survive exposure to 43 °C for 2 h significantly increased by heat hardening, i.e., by exposure to a non‐lethal high temperature for 1 h; the optimal heat‐hardening temperature was 37 °C. The results indicate that survival of C. ciliata at heat‐shock temperatures depended on both the temperature and the duration of exposure, and the tolerance to heat shock was enhanced by heat hardening. The thermotolerance of C. ciliata may partially explain why C. ciliata has been rapidly spreading on Platanus trees in southern provinces of China.
Gonococcal infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons seeking medical clinics in Sofia – A 3‐year study 2008–2010
Authors: OUZOUNOVA‐RAYKOVA VESSELA , JORDANOV DANIEL , EL‐TIBI MOHAMED , MITOV IVAN 
Published: October 2011

Ouzounova‐Raykova V, Jordanov D, El‐Tibi M, Mitov I. Gonococcal infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons seeking medical clinics in Sofia. A 3‐year study 2008–2010. APMIS 2011; 119: 864–7.The aim was to determine the prevalence of gonococcal infection and to compare the results with those received by other researchers, because in Bulgaria a good medical practice for the laboratory confirmation, report and therapy is lacking. A total of 617 specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic persons attending clinics in Sofia from January 2008 to December 2010 were tested by culture and in‐house PCR. Using PCR Neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified in six urethral (6.25%) and eight (1.54%) cervical specimens. By applying culture method, N. gonorrhoeae positive result was found in 12 swabs – one cervical and one urethral swab less. The positive results correspond predominantly to persons with genital complains and suspicions for gonococcal or other sexually transmitted infection. This is the first study in Bulgaria since 1989 and determines the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae to 2.3% over a 3‐year period. Detection by culture was slightly less sensitive than by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Continuous monitoring of gonorrhea by culture and NAAT is important for public health in Bulgaria.
Functional structure of an arid steppe plant community reveals similarities with Grime's C‐S‐R theory
Authors: Frenette‐Dussault Cédric , Shipley Bill , Léger Jean‐François , Meziane Driss , Hingrat Yves 
Published: October 2011

AbstractQuestions(1) How do community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values of 23 functional traits measured on 34 plant species vary along a gradient of aridity under grazed and ungrazed conditions in an arid steppe? (2) How does variation in our CWM trait values differ from those of more mesic grasslands?LocationEastern Morocco.MethodsWe measured relative abundance and functional traits along a short aridity gradient over two consecutive years at five heavily grazed sites, each with an exclosure preventing grazing. We analysed the relationship between aridity, grazing, and the expression of CWM trait values using ordination methods and a fourth‐corner analysis.ResultsUnconstrained and constrained ordinations identified three distinct suites of temporally consistent functional traits that co‐varied with aridity and grazing, and the fourth‐corner analysis identified a number of significant but weak trait–environment associations. Grazing selected for short, fast‐growing annual species with high SLA, high pastoral value and low seed mass, while aridity selected for species possessing succulent leaves with high δ13C leaf content, spines, low LDMC and short stature, although the relative importance of precipitation and grazing changed between years.ConclusionsAlthough distinct from more mesic grasslands, our study sites exhibited patterns of trait correlations that were similar to the worldwide leaf economics spectrum. These correlation patterns represented three groups that were reminiscent of Grime's C‐S‐R model. Direct ordinations supported this interpretation. Temporal variation in our results was due in part to precipitation fluctuations. Our results also indicated selection for a grazing avoidance strategy under heavy grazing. Integrating plant functional traits in conservation and management of arid ecosystems represents a novel and challenging task to ensure more sustainable use of these lands.
Hopefulness Among Non‐U.S.‐Born Latino Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Stoddard Sarah A. , Garcia Carolyn M. 
Published: October 2011

PROBLEM:  U.S. Latino youths experience disproportionately high rates of health and social problems. There is a need to identify protective factors for reducing risky behaviors. Little is known about the protective nature of hope among immigrant Latino adolescents.METHODS:  This descriptive cross‐sectional study examined hope and expectations for the future in non‐U.S.‐born Latino adolescents and young adults (n= 98) in urban and rural areas in the midwestern United States.FINDINGS:  Participants reported feeling hopeful about their future; however, differences were detected among subgroups.CONCLUSION:  Findings affirm the potential of hope as a protective factor for immigrant Latino adolescents and young adults. Nurses should be aware of hopefulness when implementing mental health preventive interventions. Research is needed to identify effective mechanisms for promoting and sustaining hope.
Optimization of Consumer Acceptability and Sensory Characteristics for Marinated Broiler Breast Meat
Authors: Lee Y.S. , Youm G. , Owens C.M. , Meullenet J.F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  In the present study, the effects of marination on the quality of poultry breast meat deboned at various times postmortem (PM) were investigated. One of the specific goals was to optimize the processing conditions between deboning time, tumbling duration, and poultry breast meat tenderness, with the objective of developing specific recommendations on processing practices adopted by the poultry industry. Broiler breast (Pectoralis major) muscles deboned at 0.25, 1.5, 3, 6, and 24 h PM were vacuum tumbled with 20% solution added containing 1% salt and 0.45% sodium tripolyphosphate for either 15 or 30 min. Meat quality measurements including marination uptake, retention, cooking loss, instrumental texture, sensory descriptive analysis, and consumer acceptance were performed. Results indicated that acceptable tenderness was achieved for marinated treatments deboned at 3 h or later PM. Fillets deboned at shorter PM were rated tough by consumers. Marination duration had very little effect on the quality of the meat processed.Practical Application:  For the poultry industry to maximize consumer acceptance for marinated broiler breast meat, this research will be of benefit. Various qualities of broiler breast meat such as tenderness and water‐holding capacities were examined under different marination conditions.
Characterization of the Pulp and Kernel Oils from Syagrus oleracea, Syagrus romanzoffiana, and Acrocomia aculeata
Authors: Coimbra Michelle Cardoso , Jorge Neuza 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Vegetable oils are important sources of essential fatty acids. It is, therefore, important to characterize plant species that can be used as new oil sources. This study aimed to characterize the oils from guariroba (Syagrus oleracea), jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana), and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata). The physicochemical characterization was performed using official analytical methods for oils and fats, free fatty acids, peroxide value, refractive index, iodine value, saponification number, and unsaponifiable matter. The oxidative stability was determined using the Rancimat at 110 °C. The fatty acid composition was performed by gas chromatography. The results were submitted to Tukey's test for the medium to 5% using the ESTAT program. The pulp oils were more unsaturated than kernel oils, as evidenced by the higher refractive index and iodine value, especially the macaúba pulp oil which gave 1.4556 and 80 g I2/100 g, respectively, for these indices. The kernel oils were less altered by oxidative process and had high induction period, free fatty acids below 0.5%, and peroxide value around 0.19 meq/kg. The guariroba kernel oil showed the largest induction period, 91.82 h.Practical Application:  The vegetable oils, besides being consumed directly as food, are important raw material for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In recent years, the world market of vegetable oils has been characterized by stronger growth of demand over supply. Several species of palm trees are shown to be promising sources of oils. The characterization of oils extracted from some species, such as guariroba, jerivá, and macaúba, has not yet been fully elucidated. For this reason, it becomes important to investigate the physicochemical characterization of these oils, aiming at a possible use in food or in the industry.
De novo transcriptome assembly and polymorphism detection in the flowering plant Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: SLOAN DANIEL B. , KELLER STEPHEN R. , BERARDI ANDREA E. , SANDERSON BRIAN J. , KARPOVICH JOHN F. , TAYLOR DOUGLAS R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMembers of the angiosperm genus Silene are widely used in studies of ecology and evolution, but available genomic and population genetic resources within Silene remain limited. Deep transcriptome (i.e. expressed sequence tag or EST) sequencing has proven to be a rapid and cost‐effective means to characterize gene content and identify polymorphic markers in non‐model organisms. In this study, we report the results of 454 GS‐FLX Titanium sequencing of a polyA‐selected and normalized cDNA library from Silene vulgaris. The library was generated from a single pool of transcripts, combining RNA from leaf, root and floral tissue from three genetically divergent European subpopulations of S. vulgaris. A single full‐plate 454 run produced 959 520 reads totalling 363.6 Mb of sequence data with an average read length of 379.0 bp after quality trimming and removal of custom library adaptors. We assembled 832 251 (86.7%) of these reads into 40 964 contigs, which have a total length of 25.4 Mb and can be organized into 18 178 graph‐based clusters or ‘isogroups’. Assembled sequences were annotated based on homology to genes in multiple public databases. Analysis of sequence variants identified 13 432 putative single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1320 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that are candidates for microsatellite analysis. Estimates of nucleotide diversity from 1577 contigs were used to generate genome‐wide distributions that revealed several outliers with high diversity. All of these resources are publicly available through NCBI and/or our website (http://silenegenomics.biology.virginia.edu) and should provide valuable genomic and population genetic tools for the Silene research community.
Synchronous Adjustment of Milling Tool Path Based on the Relative Deviation
Authors: Wan Xiao-Jin , Xiong Cai-Hua , Hua Lin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In machining process, machining accuracy of part mainly depends on the position and orientation of the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece which is influenced by errors of machine tools and cutter-workpiece-fixture system. A systematic modeling method is presented to integrate the two types of error sources into the deviation of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece which determines the accuracy of the machining system. For the purpose of minimizing the machining error, an adjustment strategy of tool path is proposed on the basis of the generation principle of the cutter location source file (CLSF) in modern computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system by means of the prediction deviation, namely, the deviation of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece in computer numerical control (CNC) machining operation. The resulting errors are introduced as adjustment values to adjust the nominal tool path points from cutter location source file from commercial CAM system prior to machining. Finally, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the prediction model and the adjustment technique by two study cases.
Theoretical analysis of the thread effect in helical TomoTherapy
Authors: Chen Mingli , Chen Yu , Chen Quan , Lu Weiguo 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:The longitudinal dose ripple on the off‐axis caused by helical radiation delivery, such as the TomoTherapy system, has been observed, and its relation with respect to pitch has been studied with empirically found optimal pitches, 0.86/n, by Kissick et al. [Med. Phys. 32, 1414–1423 (2005)]. This ripple artifact referred to as the thread effect is periodic in nature and is caused by various periodic factors. In this work, the factors that cause the thread effect were unveiled, including jaw profile divergence, the inverse square law, attenuation, and the cone effect, and their impact on the thread effect were studied.Methods:Mathematical formulation for individual and combined factors were set up. Based on theoretical analysis and simulations, optimal pitches that result in local minima of the ripple amplitude with respect to the jaw width and off‐axis distance were identified and verified. The effectiveness of optimization in reducing the thread effect were also studied.Results:Analysis and simulation based on the square‐shaped jaw profiles well characterize the thread effect. Simulations based on the real jaw profiles show reduced ripples and very good agreement of optimal pitches compared with those based on the square profiles. The optimal pitches were found to have little jaw width dependence, except for the real jaw profile of small width (1.05 cm). The optimal pitches for the real jaw profile of width 1.05 cm are unidentifiable except for the largest ones, due to the relative smoothness of the jaw profile. With optimized intensity modulation, the thread effect can be largely suppressed. For real jaw profiles, the optimal pitches with or without dose optimization do not change much. The numbers 0.86/n found by Kissick et al. well approximate the optimal pitches for off‐axis distance of 5 cm. However, optimal pitches are not universal for different off‐axis distances: they decrease as the off‐axis distance increases.Conclusions:The thread effect can be well explained by the proposed model. Optimization can largely reduce the thread effect. However, an optimal pitch reduces the ripple much easier especially when optimization is limited by many constraints. The optimal pitches predicted by the proposed model could be used as a reference for pitch selection regardless the tumor is at large or small off‐axis distance.
Genomics of the Proteorhodopsin-Containing Marine Flavobacterium Dokdonia sp. Strain MED134
Authors: González José M. , Pinhassi Jarone , Fernández-Gómez Beatriz , Coll-Lladó Montserrat , González-Velázquez Mónica , Puigbò Pere , Jaenicke Sebastian , Gómez-Consarnau Laura , Fernàndez-Guerra Antoni , Goesmann Alexander , Pedrós-Alió Carlos 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Proteorhodopsin phototrophy is expected to have considerable impact on the ecology and biogeochemical roles of marine bacteria. However, the genetic features contributing to the success of proteorhodopsin-containing bacteria remain largely unknown. We investigated the genome of
Dokdonia
sp. strain MED134 (
Bacteroidetes
) for features potentially explaining its ability to grow better in light than darkness. MED134 has a relatively high number of peptidases, suggesting that amino acids are the main carbon and nitrogen sources. In addition, MED134 shares with other environmental genomes a reduction in gene copies at the expense of important ones, like membrane transporters, which might be compensated by the presence of the proteorhodopsin gene. The genome analyses suggest
Dokdonia
sp. MED134 is able to respond to light at least partly due to the presence of a strong flavobacterial consensus promoter sequence for the proteorhodopsin gene. Moreover,
Dokdonia
sp. MED134 has a complete set of anaplerotic enzymes likely to play a role in the adaptation of the carbon anabolism to the different sources of energy it can use, including light or various organic matter compounds. In addition to promoting growth, proteorhodopsin phototrophy could provide energy for the degradation of complex or recalcitrant organic matter, survival during periods of low nutrients, or uptake of amino acids and peptides at low concentrations. Our analysis suggests that the ability to harness light potentially makes MED134 less dependent on the amount and quality of organic matter or other nutrients. The genomic features reported here may well be among the keys to a successful photoheterotrophic lifestyle.
Malate-Mediated Carbon Catabolite Repression in Bacillus subtilis Involves the HPrK/CcpA Pathway
Authors: Meyer Frederik M. , Jules Matthieu , Mehne Felix M. P. , Le Coq Dominique , Landmann Jens J. , Görke Boris , Aymerich Stéphane , Stülke Jörg 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Most organisms can choose their preferred carbon source from a mixture of nutrients. This process is called carbon catabolite repression. The Gram-positive bacterium
Bacillus subtilis
uses glucose as the preferred source of carbon and energy. Glucose-mediated catabolite repression is caused by binding of the CcpA transcription factor to the promoter regions of catabolic operons. CcpA binds DNA upon interaction with its cofactors HPr(Ser-P) and Crh(Ser-P). The formation of the cofactors is catalyzed by the metabolite-activated HPr kinase/phosphorylase. Recently, it has been shown that malate is a second preferred carbon source for
B. subtilis
that also causes catabolite repression. In this work, we addressed the mechanism by which malate causes catabolite repression. Genetic analyses revealed that malate-dependent catabolite repression requires CcpA and its cofactors. Moreover, we demonstrate that HPr(Ser-P) is present in malate-grown cells and that CcpA and HPr interact
in vivo
in the presence of glucose or malate but not in the absence of a repressing carbon source. The formation of the cofactor HPr(Ser-P) could be attributed to the concentrations of ATP and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in cells growing with malate. Both metabolites are available at concentrations that are sufficient to stimulate HPr kinase activity. The adaptation of cells to environmental changes requires dynamic metabolic and regulatory adjustments. The repression strength of target promoters was similar to that observed in steady-state growth conditions, although it took somewhat longer to reach the second steady-state of expression when cells were shifted to malate.
Expectancy, Ambiguity, and Behavioral Flexibility: Separable and Complementary Roles of the Orbital Frontal Cortex and Amygdala in Processing Reward Expectancies
Authors: Pauli Wolfgang M. , Hazy Thomas E. , O'Reilly Randall C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Appetitive goal-directed behavior can be associated with a cue-triggered expectancy that it will lead to a particular reward, a process thought to depend on the OFC and basolateral amygdala complex. We developed a biologically informed neural network model of this system to investigate the separable and complementary roles of these areas as the main components of a flexible expectancy system. These areas of interest are part of a neural network with additional subcortical areas, including the central nucleus of amygdala, ventral (limbic) and dorsomedial (associative) striatum. Our simulations are consistent with the view that the amygdala maintains Pavlovian associations through incremental updating of synaptic strength and that the OFC supports flexibility by maintaining an activation-based working memory of the recent reward history. Our model provides a mechanistic explanation for electrophysiological evidence that cue-related firing in OFC neurons is nonselectively early after a contingency change and why this nonselective firing is critical for promoting plasticity in the amygdala. This ambiguous activation results from the simultaneous maintenance of recent outcomes and obsolete Pavlovian contingencies in working memory. Furthermore, at the beginning of reversal, the OFC is critical for supporting responses that are no longer inappropriate. This result is inconsistent with an exclusive inhibitory account of OFC function.