bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Menopausal Symptoms and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Yi , Malone Kathleen E. , Cushing-Haugen Kara L. , Daling Janet R. , Li Christopher I. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: Prior studies indicate that women with menopausal symptoms have lower estrogen levels because they go through menopause as compared with women who do not experience them. Given the central role of hormones in the etiology of breast cancer, a link between menopausal symptoms and breast cancer is plausible. However, no prior studies have evaluated the association between menopausal symptoms and breast cancer risk.
Methods: Utilizing data from a population-based case–control study we examined associations between menopausal symptoms and risks of different histologic types of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. We calculated multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) using polytomous logistic regression and evaluated several potential effect modifiers.
Results: Women who ever experienced menopausal symptoms had lower risks of invasive ductal carcinoma [(IDC) OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.7], invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC, OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.8), and invasive ductal-lobular carcinoma (IDLC, OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4–1.2), and these reductions in risk were independent of recency and timing of hormone therapy use, age at menopause, and body mass index. Increasing intensity of hot flushes among women who ever experienced hot flushes was also associated with decreasing risks of all three breast cancer subtypes (P values for trend all ≤0.017).
Conclusion: This is the first study to report that women who ever experienced menopausal symptoms have a substantially reduced risk of breast cancer, and that severity of hot flushes is also inversely associated with risk.
Impact: If confirmed, these findings could enhance our understanding of breast cancer etiology and factors potentially relevant to prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 379–88. ©2011 AACR.
Coordinated Cancer Germline Antigen Promoter and Global DNA Hypomethylation in Ovarian Cancer: Association with the BORIS/CTCF Expression Ratio and Advanced Stage
Authors: Woloszynska-Read Anna , Zhang Wa , Yu Jihnhee , Link Petra A. , Mhawech-Fauceglia Paulette , Collamat Golda , Akers Stacey N. , Ostler Kelly R. , Godley Lucy A. , Odunsi Kunle , Karpf Adam R. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer germline (CG) antigens are frequently expressed and hypomethylated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the relationship of this phenomenon to global DNA hypomethylation is unknown. In addition, the potential mechanisms leading to DNA hypomethylation, and its clinicopathologic significance in EOC, have not been determined.
Experimental Design: We used quantitative mRNA expression and DNA methylation analyses to determine the relationship between expression and methylation of X-linked (MAGE-A1, NY-ESO-1, XAGE-1) and autosomal (BORIS, SOHLH2) CG genes, global DNA methylation (5mdC levels, LINE-1, Alu, and Sat-α methylation), and clinicopathology, using 75 EOC samples. In addition, we examined the association between these parameters and a number of mechanisms proposed to contribute to DNA hypomethylation in cancer.
Results: CG genes were coordinately expressed in EOC and this was associated with promoter DNA hypomethylation. Hypomethylation of CG promoters was highly correlated and strongly associated with LINE-1 and Alu methylation, moderately with 5mdC levels, and rarely with Sat-α methylation. BORIS and LINE-1 hypomethylation, and BORIS expression, were associated with advanced stage. GADD45A expression, MTHFR genotype, DNMT3B isoform expression, and BORIS mRNA expression did not associate with methylation parameters. In contrast, the BORIS/CTCF expression ratio was associated with DNA hypomethylation, and furthermore correlated with advanced stage and decreased survival.
Conclusions: DNA hypomethylation coordinately affects CG antigen gene promoters and specific repetitive DNA elements in EOC, and correlates with advanced stage disease. The BORIS/CTCF mRNA expression ratio is closely associated with DNA hypomethylation and confers poor prognosis in EOC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2170–80. ©2011 AACR.
Batf Promotes Growth Arrest and Terminal Differentiation of Mouse Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Liao Juan , Humphrey Sean E. , Poston Stacie , Taparowsky Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Batf is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor belonging to the activator protein-1 superfamily. Batf expression is regulated following stimulation of both lymphoid and myeloid cells. When treated with leukemia inhibitory factor, mouse M1 myeloid leukemia cells commit to a macrophage differentiation program that is dependent on Stat3 and involves the induction of Batf gene transcription via the binding of Stat3 to the Batf promoter. RNA interference was employed to block Batf induction in this system and the cells failed to growth arrest or to terminally differentiate. Restoring Batf expression not only reversed the differentiation-defective phenotype but also caused the cells to display signs of spontaneous differentiation in the absence of stimulation. Efforts to define genetic targets of the Batf transcription factor in M1 cells led to the identification of c-myb, a proto-oncogene known to promote blood cell proliferation and to inhibit the differentiation of M1 cells. These results provide strong evidence that Batf mediates the differentiation-inducing effects of Stat3 signaling in M1 cells and suggest that Batf may play a similar role in other blood cell lineages where alterations to the Jak–Stat pathway are hallmarks of disrupted development and disease. Mol Cancer Res; 9(3); 350–63. ©2011 AACR.
Targeting Cell Spreading: A Method of Sensitizing Metastatic Tumor Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Phipps Laura E. , Hino Satoshi , Muschel Ruth J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a current focus for the development of new cancer therapies, because of its selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. TRAIL has previously been shown to be important for tumor cell clearance from the liver; however, many cancer cell lines show some resistance toward TRAIL, posing a problem for the future use of TRAIL therapies. In this study, we show that interfering with a cell's ability to attach and spread onto a matrix can sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in vitro. We targeted different members of the integrin signaling pathway using siRNA or inhibitors, including β-integrins, talin, Src, and downstream survival pathways PI3K and MAPK. Targeting any of these molecules could sensitize both MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and TRAIL-resistant 1205Lu melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in vitro. Transcriptionally targeting the cytoskeleton, using myocardin-related transcription factor depletion to disrupt the transcription of cytoskeletal proteins, also caused TRAIL sensitization in MDA-MB-231 cells. We showed that this sensitivity to TRAIL correlated with increased activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Manipulation of cell spreading therefore presents a potential method by which disseminated tumor cells could be sensitized to TRAIL therapies in vivo. Mol Cancer Res; 9(3); 249–58. ©2011 AACR.
Good fences make good neighbours: the role of landmarks in territory partitioning in the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus)
Authors: Smith Carl 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTerritorial animals sometimes use conspicuous natural landmarks as boundaries to their territories. The utilization of territory-demarcating landmarks may have evolved to limit the costs of territorial defence, since the adoption of clearly defined boundaries by opponents in adjacent territories can reduce the overall rate of aggressive encounters, which can be energetically expensive or might result in injury. Here the role of artificial landmarks as boundaries was tested in territorial male rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus), a fish with a resourcebased mating system. Pairs of size-matched territorial males were permitted to interact for short periods in an otherwise featureless aquarium with an obvious landmark at the shared boundary of their territory either present or absent. The presence of the territory-demarcating landmark significantly reduced both the frequency of territorial incursions by males into adjacent territories and the rate of territorial displays. Males showed individual differences in their propensity to enter the territory of a rival, irrespective of the presence of a territorydemarcating landmark. These results suggest that the cost of defence of a territory may be reduced by utilizing territory-demarcating landmarks, in accordance with the predictions of theoretical models.
Mate availability facilitates cannibalistic behaviour in a nest brooding fish: effects of timing during the brood cycle
Authors: Kohda Masanori , Ohnishi Nobuhiro , Okuda Noboru , Takeyama Tomohiro , Myint Omar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFilial cannibalism, eating one's own viable offspring, is accepted as an adaptive response to trade-offs between current and future reproduction. Theoretical models predict that high mate availability may induce more filial cannibalism, but this prediction is rarely tested. To examine this prediction, we performed laboratory experiments using the nest breeding goby Rhinogobius flumineus. Subject males were allowed to mate with a gravid female and care for the broods. A separate gravid female housed in a small cage (stimulus-female) was shown to the subject males at one of three different points during the brood cycle: prior to spawning, within 1 day after spawning and 1 week after spawning. Empty cages were shown as a control. Males that were shown the stimulus-female before spawning cannibalised more eggs than control males. In contrast, males that were shown the stimulus-females after spawning cannibalised as few eggs as control males did. Additionally, males that were shown the stimulus-female prior to spawning did not court females more intensively than other males. Thus, we suggest that the presence of an additional mate, rather than energy expenditure associated with courtship directed toward an additional mate, can facilitate males to cannibalise their eggs.
Religious Morphology, Hermeneutics and Initiation in Andrei Scrima's Il padre spirituale (The Spiritual Father)
Authors: Toti Marco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractL'articolo in oggetto concerne alcuni temi tratti dalla versione italiana del libro di A. Scrima Timpul Rugului Aprins. Maestrul spiritual în tradiţia răsăriteană ('Il tempo del Roveto Ardente. Il maestro spirituale nella tradizione orientale'), pubblicato a Bucarest nel 1996 e parzialmente tradotto in italiano nel 2000. Scrima (1925–2000), monaco romeno, fu uno dei più raffinati teologi ortodossi del XX secolo. Gli aspetti qui considerati sono, da un lato, l'abbozzo da parte di Scrima stesso di una 'morfologia religiosa' fondata su di una profonda 'ermeneutica' intellettuale e spirituale, anche a mezzo dell'utilizzo della comparazione in specie tra Cristianesimo, Islâm ed Induismo (ciò che dà luogo al tentativo di rinnovare il linguaggio teologico cristiano); dall'altro, la discussione sulla valenza di un particolare rito cui il teologo romeno si riferisce esplicitamente, la 'benedizione di grazia', una 'iniziazione' trasmessa nel Rugul Aprins—un cenacolo esicasta di monaci e laici cui il giovane Scrima prese parte, e che operò dal 1944 al 1958, in particolare nel monastero Antim a Bucarest, sotto la direzione del giornalista e scrittore Sandu Tudor, in religione padre Agathon (1899–1960?)—ad opera del padre Ioan Kulygin (1885-?). Quest'ultimo tema è strettamente connesso alle relazioni intellettuali che Scrima ebbe con i maggiori rappresentanti dell''orientamento tradizionale' (René Guénon [1886–1951], Frithjof Schuon [1907–1998]), anche per quanto concerne la questione dell''universalismo' perennialista; su ciò, come spesso accade, Scrima assume posizioni molto sfumate. È chiaro che, data la complessità e la sottigliezza dei temi qui trattati, il presente contributo costituisce unicamente un saggio iniziale di una discussione più ampia (alla quale stiamo attualmente lavorando).
A.A.M. Stols, Publisher: ‘We are not collaborators’
Authors: Chen Salma , van Faassen Sjoerd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article is a critical appraisal of the publishing activities during the Second World War of the renowned publisher A.A.M. Stols. The research presented shows that subsequent statements made by Stols regarding this period cannot all be taken at face value. Despite the commercially fruitful activities that he developed during the occupation of the Netherlands, after the war Stols failed to maintain the position of eminence that he had achieved before it.
Contraband and Private Property in the Age of Imperialism
Authors: Howland Douglas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA belligerent declaration of war binds all of its subjects, so that merchants of a belligerent state are forbidden from trading with the enemy. But when a neutral state declares neutrality, that act does not bind all subjects of the neutral state. Neutral merchants are free to trade with belligerents – even in contraband, at their own risk. This essay examines international negotiations over contraband during the first decade of the 1900s while highlighting, in particular, the contradiction between the wish to maintain belligerent rights to determine contraband and to capture it on the high seas and, at the same time, to uphold neutral rights of free trade, which meant protecting private property in trade, including contraband. This asymmetry of the rules of contraband demonstrated that war is not a relation exclusively between states and, as a consequence, some within the international community proposed making individuals subjects of international law or, as an alternative, making neutral states responsible for prohibiting their subjects from trading contraband.
Sovereignty and the Chinese Red Cross Society: The Differentiated Practice of International Law in Shandong, 1914–1916
Authors: Reeves Caroline 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article looks at the strategic manipulation of national Red Cross Societies as markers of sovereignty during a period of heightened world nationalism in the early twentieth century. Using Chinese archival materials, it examines how in 1916, on China's much contested Shandong Peninsula, a Japanese delegation set up a Japanese Red Cross chapter and hospital in the Chinese port city of Longkou, in flagrant disregard of widely recognized principles of sovereignty and international law. Occurring just as the larger “Shandong Question” was roiling the international legal community, this incident shows how the local practice of international legal statutes diverged from a more publicized, transnational discussion of those same principles. The article explores this disjuncture, and considers one instance of what I term the differentiated practice of international law: the early twentiethcentury Japanese “double policy” – “one policy for the East and another for the West.” Revealing much about the use of humanitarian activity and the laws of war to further national agendas, the Longkou Incident was later used by the Chinese Red Cross Society as precedent for checking further incursions into China's sovereignty.
Beyond International Law: The Theories of World Law in Tanaka Kōtarō and Tsunetō Kyō
Authors: Doak Kevin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA remarkably prescient debate broke out among Japanese legal scholars in the 1930s over the possibility of moving beyond international law as the dominant jurisprudence for a world that had already become quite integrated. At the very time when some were turning away from the ideal of world order to more parochial claims of national or regional autonomy, Tanaka Kōtarō (1890–1974) and Tsunetō Kyō (1888–1967), two of twentieth-century Japan's leading legal scholars, offered the jurisprudence of world law (sekai hō) as a substitute for what they believed was an outmoded concept of international law (kokusai hō). Tanaka sparked the debate with his prize-winning 1932 study A Theory of World Law, and Tsunetō joined it with his 1936 essay, “The Essence of World Law and its Social Function.” The debate has continued throughout the twentieth century in various forms. More broadly, the jurisprudence of world law introduced by Tanaka and Tsunetō underlies Jacques Maritain's influential Man and the State (1951) and – through Maritain – Pope Benedict XVI's recent call for a “true world political authority.” Below, I critically engage this theory of world law, focusing on the difference between Tanaka's transcendental approach and Tsunetō's social deterministic approach, and offer some reflections on how world law might provide a useful way to think beyond the customary binaries of nationalism/internationalism and society/nature that still encumber so much thinking about law and social order today.
Self-determination and Indigenous Women – “Whose Voice Is It We Hear in the Sámi Parliament?”
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Sámi self-determination discourse has always been state-centric in its tendency to invoke the central role of the Nordic states in shaping national policies and legislation on Sámi rights. This article examines the meaning of Sámi self-determination from the perspective of Sámi women: how do Sámi women understand the concept, how do they evaluate the current efforts to implement self-determination by Sámi political institutions and what kind of forms their socio-political participation takes in contemporary Sámi society? It argues that Sámi self-determination is often understood in relational terms as discussed by Iris Marion Young.
The Incorporation of Ruusbroec's Spiritual Espousals into the Sixteenth-Century Arnhem Mystical Sermons. A Comparative Textual Analysis
Authors: Cornet Ineke 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe anonymous Arnhem Mystical Sermons (Royal Library, The Hague, ms. 133 H 13), copied around 1560–1575 in the St. Agnes convent in Arnhem, is the largest sermon collection that has no other corresponding compilation. Till now, no concrete sources had been identified. This article elaborates on my discovery that one sermon (111) has incorporated a part of Ruusbroec's Spiritual Espousals with significant adaptations. This article provides a detailed analysis of the similarities and modifications, thereby showing the continuity and discontinuity with the fourteenth-century Ruusbroec and relating these differences to the context of the sixteenth-century by showing parallels with other mystical works from the region of Arnhem, namely the Evangelical Pearl and the Temple of Our Soul.
Competing Visions of the International System: Role-identity Incommensurability and U.S.-Russian Relations
Authors: Aleprete Jr. Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractU.S. and Russian foreign policy elites view the international system in fundamentally different ways. The predominant view held by American elites is that the United States is a unipolar power with unique leadership responsibilities. Russian elites view the international system to be a multipolar arrangement, one in which a group of great powers, including the Russian Federation, possess roughly equal international responsibilities and prerogatives. This essay reviews the key doctrinal statements produced by the Russian and U.S. governments since 1991 that outline the assumptions underlying each state's foreign policy, and discusses how these doctrines developed from each sides' experiences in the post-Cold War era. Particular attention is given to the United States' National Security Strategy, which is published every four years, and to the Russian Foreign Policy Concept, which has been published at the beginning of each Russian presidency. The essay also addresses the consequences this role-identity incommensurability will likely have on the prospects for future cooperation between the two states.
Z‐Palatopharyngoplasty Plus Genioglossus Advancement and Hyoid Suspension for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: Yi Hong Liang , Sun Xiao Qiang , Chen Bin , Zhang Yu Jun , Guan Jian , Wu Hong Min , Meng Li Li , Yin Shan Kai 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and efficiency of Z‐palato‐pharyngoplasty (ZPPP) plus genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension (GAHM) for severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingA university medical center.Subjects and MethodsTwenty‐six patients who had OSAHS with Friedman obstructive sleep apnea stage II/III and posterior airway space <11 mm received GAHM and ZPPP. All patients were reevaluated 6 months after surgery using the preoperative methods.ResultsBased on success criteria, defined as an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of <20 and a decrease >50%, the success rate was 46.2% at 6 months postoperatively. The AHI showed a significant reduction from 65.6 ± 17.6 preoperatively to 30.1 ± 23.1 postoperatively. The percentage of time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% (CT90) decreased from 30.9% ± 28.1% preoperatively to 15.5% ± 25.6% postoperatively (P <. 01). Sleep architecture was effectively changed. The S3 + S4 percentage of total sleep time increased from 3.6% ± 4.4% to 8.7% ± 5.0% (P <. 05). The success rates were 100% (8/8) and 22.2% (4/18) in patients with Friedman obstructive sleep apnea stage II and III, respectively.ConclusionThe success rate of ZPPP plus GAHM for patients with severe OSAHS who suffer from oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal obstruction was limited. Friedman stage was a predictor of ZPPP plus GAHM surgical success.
Injection Laryngoplasty for Type 1 Laryngeal Cleft in Children
Authors: Cohen Michael S. , Zhuang Lei , Simons Jeffrey P. , Chi David H. , Maguire Raymond C. , Mehta Deepak K. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo review the 2‐year, single‐institution experience with injection laryngoplasty for diagnosis and treatment of type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC‐1).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care academic children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients at our institution who underwent injection laryngoplasty for LC‐1 from January 2008 to December 2009. Outcome measures included patient demographics, surgical and anesthetic technique, effect on swallowing, and complications. Preoperative and postoperative swallowing evaluations were compared, and quality and duration of effects were calculated.ResultsSixteen children, 9 male and 7 female, underwent injection laryngoplasty for LC‐1. Mean gestational age was 36.4 weeks (SD, 4.0 weeks; range, 27‐41 weeks). Six patients had a major congenital anomaly (37.5%). Mean age at injection was 11.8 months (SD, 8.9 months; range, 2.9‐33.5 months). Nine patients (56%) demonstrated complete resolution of penetration and aspiration on postoperative modified barium swallow (MBS), 4 patients (25%) had some improvement, and 3 patients (19%) showed no change. There were no complications. Mean duration of symptom improvement was 3.3 months (SD, 3.0 months; range, 0‐11 months). Five patients went on to have definitive surgical LC‐1 repair.ConclusionInjection laryngoplasty was found to have favorable results in this group of patients with LC‐1. Most patients experienced complete resolution of aspiration on MBS, and no patients experienced complications. These findings support the further study of injection laryngoplasty for LC‐1 as both a diagnostic and therapeutic technique. Longer follow‐up intervals are necessary to elucidate the predictive value with regard to success of formal cleft repair.