bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TWO‐STEP CONTROLLED LACTIC FERMENTATION OF CABBAGE FOR IMPROVED CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITIES*
Authors: JAGANNATH A. , RAJU P.S. , BAWA A.S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTTraditionally, lactic fermentation of vegetables is spontaneous and uncontrolled leading to unstable and inconsistent product. The present work used Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum in a two‐step controlled fermentation to ensure shelf stable, fermented cabbage with 0.5% added salt concentration. The pH, titratable acidity, lactic bacterial counts, sugar utilization and amino acid profile of the final product were periodically monitored. The pH in controlled cabbage fermentation dropped to less than 4.5, within 60 h of fermentation and glucose was completely utilized in 15 days while about 15–18% of glucose remained in spontaneously fermented cabbage. The spontaneously fermented cabbage samples had a significantly lower content of amino acids such as tyrosine, histidine, threonine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine and developed off‐flavors at the end of 90 days of refrigerated storage. In contrast, controlled lactic fermentation stabilized the product in the first 15 days of fermentation and was organoleptically acceptable up to 3 months.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSUse of defined single or mixed starters and precise control of the cabbage fermentation process go a long way in ensuring a consistent product without the need of any chemical preservatives or harsh processing conditions. The present work made use of the benefits of heterofermentative pathway to create a product similar to naturally fermented cabbage in terms of flavor and used the homofermentative pathway to stabilize the product and showed that it is possible to obtain a satisfactory and stable product by the two‐step controlled fermentation as far as commercializing and mechanizing the product is concerned. The amino acid contents are also shown to be more in controlled than spontaneously fermented cabbage.
Older adult osteoarthritis pain management: Results from the 2008 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Authors: McDonald Deborah D. , Walsh Stephen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose: To describe practitioners’ prescription of recommended initial osteoarthritis (OA) pain treatments for older adults.Data sources: A secondary data analysis was conducted with the 2008 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) that was completed by practitioners in ambulatory medical care settings. Of the 28,741 office visits, 9314 were by adult patients age 60 or older, and 871 of those visits involved a painful joint. Only 128 were also by people with practitioner‐documented OA. Of those 128 visits, 21 (16.1%) were prescribed exercise and/or acetaminophen and were not prescribed non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIDS). No complementary alternative medical treatments were prescribed. Older adults with and without documented OA had a mean of at least four office visits with the practitioner during the past year.Conclusions: OA may be under‐diagnosed, under‐reported, or overshadowed by co‐morbid medical conditions. Older adults with persistent OA pain are at increased risk for adverse events from prescribed NSAIDs. Safe and effective multimodal pain treatments need to be prescribed for older adults with persistent OA pain.Implications for practice: Referral to a rheumatologist or pain management specialist should be considered when pain intensity and/or pain interference with daily activities remains moderate or greater.
Parasitism and oviposition of Melittobia acasta on Bombus terrestris: Impact of larval overwintering and host status on pupation and adult emergence
Authors: KWON Yong Jung , AMIN Md Ruhul , INN Nang Soi Lao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMelittobia acasta (Walker) are microhymenopteran ectoparasitoids of the pupae and prepupae of the commercially‐used pollinator bumblebee species Bombus terrestris L. The female parasitoids puncture the host cuticle with their sting and feed oozing hemolymph. This study shows that M. acasta parasitize 100% pupae and 84% prepupae of B. terrestris but are ineffective on the larvae of the bees. The female parasitoids lay a significantly higher number of eggs on pupae (67.7 ± 16.2 female−1) compared to prepupae (20.5 ± 14.5 female−1). The parasitoids differ in their choice for oviposition sites and fecundity on different locations of B. terrestris pupae, and they show most preference for oviposition (32%) as well as fecundity (34.9 ± 15.1 female−1) on the petiole of the host. Larvae of the parasitoids overwinter at low temperatures but larval overwintering duration and post‐diapause rearing on original or new hosts do not affect their pupation and adult emergence. Larvae have a higher percentage of pupation (88.0–94.4%) and adult emergence (84.4–92.9%) both on the original and the new host, thus indicate that the parasitoids are highly capable of reproduction in B. terrestris colonies.
One new species and three unrecorded species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from South Korea
Authors: KIM Chang‐Jun , MITA Toshiharu , LEE Jong‐Wook 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new species, Anteon koreana sp. nov. and three unrecorded species, Anteon javanum, Anteon jurineanum and Anteon munitum of the family Dryinidae, are described from South Korea. Description and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided herein.
Feeding of grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with the contraceptive agent DiazaCon™: effect on cholesterol, hematology, and blood chemistry
Authors: YODER Christi A. , MAYLE Brenda A. , FURCOLOW Carol A. , COWAN David P. , FAGERSTONE Kathleen A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGrey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are an invasive species in Britain and Italy. They have replaced native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) throughout most of Britain, and cause damage to trees. Currently, lethal control is used to manage grey squirrel populations in Britain, but nonlethal methods might be more acceptable to the public. One such method is contraception with 20,25‐diazacholesterol dihydrochloride (DiazaCon™). DiazaCon™ inhibits the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, resulting in increasing desmosterol concentrations and decreasing cholesterol concentrations. Because cholesterol is needed for the synthesis of steroid reproductive hormones, such as progesterone and testosterone, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis indirectly inhibits reproduction. Desmosterol is used as a marker of efficacy in laboratory studies with species that do not reproduce readily in captivity. Grey squirrels were gavaged with a DiazaCon™ solution for 2 days, and then fed DiazaCon™‐coated peanuts for an additional 8 days at target doses of 50 and 100 mg DiazaCon™ per kg body weight. There was a significant difference in cholesterol concentrations in the treatment groups compared to the control group. Cholesterol was reduced by ≥ 40% for 2 months in both treatment groups. There were no differences among groups with respect to blood chemistry and hematology parameters, and mean values are reported. The mean overall dose of DiazaCon™ received was 29.0 ± 1.6 and 55.3 ± 4.3 mg/kg in the low (50 mg/kg) and high dose (100 mg/kg) groups, respectively. DiazaCon™ might provide an effective, acceptable alternative to lethal control.
Impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: XU Deli , LIU Xinyu , WANG Dehua 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAnimal immunity is usually impaired in obesity. We know little about the effect of being overweight or obese on the immune function of wild rodents. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that immunity is suppressed in overweight Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In the study, 16 overweight (body mass: 90.8–127.6 g) and 16 lean gerbils (body mass: 60.5–77.7 g) were randomly selected from a total of 174 male gerbils (body mass range: 55.8–144.7 g). Half of the overweight and lean males were injected with sterile saline; the others were immunochallenged (IC) with phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin to assess cellular and humoral immunity, respectively. Body fat mass, wet and dry spleen mass, leukocyte counts, blood glucose levels and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight gerbils than in the lean gerbils. However, phytohemagglutinin response indicative of cellular immunity and immunoglobulin G concentrations was significantly lower in the IC overweight gerbils than in the IC lean gerbils. These results indicate that cellular and humoral immunity are impaired in the overweight gerbils. Excessive body fat mass, higher leukocyte counts and serum leptin levels imply that overweight gerbils are in a low grade inflammatory state.
Secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles in an Amazonian forest fragment of Colombia: influence of dung type and edge effect
Authors: SANTOS‐HEREDIA Carolina , ANDRESEN Ellen , STEVENSON Pablo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSeeds of many plant species are secondarily dispersed by dung beetles, but the outcome of this interaction is highly context‐specific. Little is known about how certain anthropogenic disturbances affect this plant–animal interaction. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of dung type on secondary dispersal by dung beetles in a forest fragment, and to determine whether this interaction is affected by edge effects. Using pitfall traps, we captured dung beetles attracted to dung of 2 frugivorous mammals: woolly monkeys and howler monkeys. We found differences between both dung beetle assemblages, but these differences were not consistent in time. Using seeds surrounded by both dung types, we carried out a field experiment using seeds of 2 plant species. We found that the probability of secondary dispersal by dung beetles was higher for seeds placed in woolly monkey dung. Finally, we carried out a field experiment using plastic beads as seed mimics to assess edge effects. We found that secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles was negatively affected by edges. The disruption of plant–animal interactions along anthropogenic forest edges could have long‐term negative effects on forest dynamics by affecting processes of regeneration.
Mental health literacy in higher education students
Authors: Reavley Nicola J. , McCann Terence V. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim: With approximately 50% of young people aged 18–24 in tertiary education, these are potential settings for programmes to improve mental health literacy. A survey was carried out with students and staff of a tertiary education institution to investigate recognition of depression, help‐seeking intentions, beliefs about interventions and stigmatizing attitudes.Methods: Students of an Australian metropolitan university (with staff as a comparison group) participated in a telephone interview. They answered questions relating to mental health literacy.Results: Of the completed interviews, 774 (65%) were students and 422 (35%) were staff. Over 70% of students and staff were able to recognize depression in a vignette, with greater likelihood of recognition in students associated with older age, female gender, being born in Australia and a higher level of education. Over 80% of respondents said they would seek help if they had a problem similar to that of the vignette. However, rates of specific help‐seeking intentions for students were relatively low, with only 26% nominating a general practitioner and only 10% nominating a student counsellor. Factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes included male gender, younger age, lower level of education, being born outside Australia and lack of recognition of depression.Conclusions: There is a need for mental health literacy interventions targeted at students, particularly those who are younger, male, born outside Australia and of a lower level of education. As rates of specific help‐seeking intentions for students were relatively low, there is a need for further exploration of the barriers to help seeking from professional sources.
Biological indicators of illness risk in offspring of bipolar parents: targeting the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and immune system
Authors: Duffy Anne , Lewitzka Ute , Doucette Sarah , Andreazza Ana , Grof Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim: The study aims to provide a selective review of the literature pertaining to the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and immune abnormalities as informative biological indicators of vulnerability in bipolar disorder (BD).Method: We summarize key findings relating to HPA axis and immunological abnormalities in bipolar patients and their high‐risk offspring. Findings derive from a review of selected original papers published in the literature, and supplemented by papers identified through bibliography review. Neurobiological findings are discussed in the context of emergent BD in those at genetic risk and synthesized into a neurodevelopmental model of illness onset and progression.Results: BD is associated with a number of genetic and possibly epigenetic abnormalities associated with neurotransmitter, hormonal and immunologically mediated neurobiological pathways. Data from clinical and high‐risk studies implicate HPA axis and immune system abnormalities, which may represent inherited vulnerabilities important for the transition to illness onset. Post‐mortem and clinical studies implicate intracellular signal transduction processes and disturbance in energy metabolism associated with established BD. Specifically, long‐standing maladaptive alterations such as changes in neuronal systems may be mediated through changes in intracellular signalling pathways, oxidative stress, cellular energy metabolism and apoptosis associated with substantial burden of illness.Conclusions: Prospective longitudinal studies of endophenotypes and biomarkers such as HPA axis and immune abnormalities in high‐risk offspring will be helpful to understand genetically mediated biological pathways associated with illness onset and progression. A clinical staging model describing emergent illness in those at genetic risk should facilitate this line of investigation.
Selective nodal irradiation of regionally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer with proton therapy and IMRT: A dosimetric comparison
Authors: Nichols Jr. Romaine C. , Huh Soon H. , Henderson Randal H. , Li Zuofeng , Flampouri Stella , D'Agostino Harry J. , Cury James D. , Pham Dat C. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Hoppe Bradford S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives:  Evaluate the dosimetric impact of selective/elective nodal treatment with dose‐escalated radiotherapy for regionally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using proton therapy (PT) or intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods:  Five consecutive patients with regionally advanced NSCLC underwent treatment planning for high‐dose involved‐field (IF) treatment (positron emission tomography‐positive gross disease) with or without selective/elective nodal irradiation, defined as the extended field (EF). Four treatment plans were developed for each patient: i) IMRT to treat IF to 74 Gy (IFrT); ii) IMRT to treat high‐risk nodes to 44 Gy and IF to 74 Gy (EFrT); iii) PT to treat IF to 74CGE (IFpT); and iv) PT to treat high‐risk nodes to 44CGE and IF to 74CGE (EFpT). High‐risk nodes were defined as mediastinal, hilar, and supraclavicular lymph node stations adjacent to foci of PET‐positive gross disease. The IMRT and PT plans were isoeffective. Dose to organs at risk (OARs), including the lung, esophagus, heart and spinal cord, were evaluated.Results:  The average IF clinical target volume (CTV) was 397 cc (344–428), while the average EF CTV was 642 cc (530–753 cc). Comparing IMRT with PT, mean lung dose reduced 3.4 Gy/CGE and 3.7 Gy/CGE; lung V20 reduced 4% and 5% for EF and IF, respectively.Conclusions:  Selective/elective nodal irradiation with protons reduces normal‐lung exposure compared to selective/elective nodal irradiation with IMRT.
The role of endobronchial ultrasound in central early lung cancer
Authors: Sanz‐Santos José , Andreo Felipe , Serra Pere , Monsó Eduard , Ruiz‐Manzano Juan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCentral early lung cancers (CELC) are tumors arising from the central airways, roentgenographically occult, which are usually diagnosed by bronchoscopy after a positive sputum cytology. Most CELCs are undetectable for conventional white light bronchoscopy (WLB) but can be identified under autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB). Although AFB increases the sensitivity of WLB in detecting CELC, its low specificity remains a problem. Surgery has been the most accepted treatment for CELCs; however 20–30% of patients suffering CELC tend to have multicentricities and usually present with poor cardiopulmonary status. Therefore, surgery is not suitable in most of the cases and other therapeutic options such as bronchoscopic treatments should be considered. Because most endoscopic treatments are unlikely to be curative if the tumor has spread beyond the bronchial cartilage, accurate evaluation of CELC bronchial wall invasion is critical before selecting a bronchoscopic treatment. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a relatively new technique that has proven to be useful in the evaluation of the normal and cancer‐invaded bronchial wall. Some authors have demonstrated that after adding EBUS assessment to AFB in autofluorescence‐positive lesions the specificity increases from 50 to 90%. Other studies have focused on the ability of EBUS to detect bronchial wall invasion in patients with CELCs. They compared the EBUS images with pathological findings of surgical specimens of patients that underwent surgery; in most of the cases the correlation between EBUS and pathological findings increased over 90%. Furthermore, in patients not eligible for surgery, EBUS has proven to predict patients expected response to endoscopic treatments.
CcpA regulates biofilm formation and competence in Streptococcus gordonii
Authors: Zheng L. , Chen Z. , Itzek A. , Herzberg M.C. , Kreth J. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryStreptococcus gordonii is an important member of the oral biofilm community. As an oral commensal streptococcus, S. gordonii is considered beneficial in promoting biofilm homeostasis. CcpA is known as the central regulator of carbon catabolite repression in Gram‐positive bacteria and is also involved in the control of virulence gene expression. To further establish the role of CcpA as central regulator in S. gordonii, the effect of CcpA on biofilm formation and natural competence of S. gordonii was investigated. These phenotypic traits have been suggested to be important to oral streptococci in coping with environmental stress. Here we demonstrate that a CcpA mutant was severely impaired in its biofilm‐forming ability, showed a defect in extracellular polysaccharide production and reduced competence. The data suggest that CcpA is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation and competence development in S. gordonii.
Locally analytic vectors of some crystabelian representations of GL2(ℚp)
Authors: Liu Ruochuan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFor V a two-dimensional p-adic representation of Gℚp, we denote by B(V ) the admissible unitary representation of GL2(ℚp) attached to V under the p-adic local Langlands correspondence of GL2(ℚp) initiated by Breuil. In this paper, building on the works of Berger–Breuil and Colmez, we determine the locally analytic vectors B(V )an of B (V ) when V is irreducible, crystabelian and Frobenius semisimple with distinct Hodge–Tate weights; this proves a conjecture of Breuil. Using this result, we verify Emerton’s conjecture that dim Ref η⊗ψ (V )=dim Exp η∣⋅∣⊗xψ (B (V )an ⊗(x∣⋅∣∘det )) for those V which are irreducible, crystabelian and Frobenius semisimple.
Cav2 channels mediate low and high voltage‐activated calcium currents in Drosophila motoneurons
Authors: Ryglewski Stefanie , Lance Kimberly , Levine Richard B. , Duch Carsten 
Published: December 2011

Key points
Neurons in the brain express a diversity of ion channels to impart specialized functional properties.
At least three distinct voltage gated calcium channel gene families are known, each of which is thought to produce calcium channels with unique properties, which in turn, differently affect neuronal function.
Here we use a genetic model system to determine which genes are responsible for the calcium currents in an identified motoneuron.
Surprisingly, the same ion channel gene encodes two distinct currents with fundamentally different properties, and the data also suggest that the normal function of this calcium channel gene is affected by the expression of another one.
The results provide insights into the relationship between gene expression and ionic currents, and thus, into the regulation of normal neuronal function.
A novel method for spatially complex diffraction‐limited photoactivation and photobleaching in living cells
Authors: Shkryl Vyacheslav M. , Maxwell Joshua T. , Blatter Lothar A. 
Published: December 2011

Key points
For the contraction of a cardiac cell the liberation of calcium ions (Ca2+) from an intracellular Ca2+ storing compartment is required.
This release of Ca2+ ions occurs through groups (clusters) of Ca2+ release channels that can be activated by cellular signalling molecules such as Ca2+ itself or the messenger molecule inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3).
Here we present a new technique that allows activation of individual release sites or groups of channels in a highly localized manner in living cells and the study of their structural and functional details with high precision.
Impaired Fitness and Transmission of Macrolide-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni in Its Natural Host
Authors: Luangtongkum Taradon , Shen Zhangqi , Seng Virginia W. , Sahin Orhan , Jeon Byeonghwa , Liu Peng , Zhang Qijing 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a major zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via the food chain and is prevalent in chickens, a natural reservoir for this pathogenic organism. Due to the importance of macrolide antibiotics in clinical therapy of human campylobacteriosis, development of macrolide resistance in
Campylobacter
has become a concern for public health. To facilitate the control of macrolide-resistant
Campylobacter
, it is necessary to understand if macrolide resistance affects the fitness and transmission of
Campylobacter
in its natural host. In this study we conducted pairwise competitions and comingling experiments in chickens using clonally related and isogenic
C. jejuni
strains, which are either susceptible or resistant to erythromycin (Ery). In every competition pair, Ery-resistant (Ery
r
)
Campylobacter
was consistently outcompeted by the Ery-susceptible (Ery
s
) strain. In the comingling experiments, Ery
r
Campylobacter
failed to transmit to chickens precolonized by Ery
s
Campylobacter
, while isogenic Ery
s
Campylobacter
was able to transmit to and establish dominance in chickens precolonized by Ery
r
Campylobacter
. The fitness disadvantage was linked to the resistance-conferring mutations in the 23S rRNA. These findings clearly indicate that acquisition of macrolide resistance impairs the fitness and transmission of
Campylobacter
in chickens, suggesting that the prevalence of macrolide-resistant
C. jejuni
will likely decrease in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure.