bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Effects of Fenofibrate and Atorvastatin on Lipoprotein A-I and Lipoprotein A-I:A-II Kinetics in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Chan Dick C. , Watts Gerald F. , Ooi Esther M.M. , Rye Kerry-Anne , Ji Juying , Johnson Anthony G. , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
Subjects with the metabolic syndrome have reduced HDL cholesterol concentration and altered metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (Lp)A-I and LpA-I:A-II particles. In the metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate and atorvastatin may have differential effects on HDL particle kinetics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eleven men with metabolic syndrome were studied in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of 5-week intervention periods with placebo, fenofibrate (200 mg/day), and atorvastatin (40 mg/day). LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II kinetics were examined using stable isotopic techniques and compartmental modeling.

RESULTS
Compared with placebo, fenofibrate significantly increased the production of both LpA-I:A-II (30% increase; P &lt; 0.001) and apoA-II (43% increase; P &lt; 0.001), accounting for significant increases of their corresponding plasma concentrations (10 and 23% increases, respectively), but it did not alter LpA-I kinetics or concentration. Atorvastatin did not significantly alter HDL concentration or the kinetics of HDL particles.

CONCLUSIONS
In the metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate, but not atorvastatin, influences HDL metabolism by increasing the transport of LpA-I:A-II particles.
Evaluation of six portable blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose concentration in dogs
Authors: Cohen Todd A. , Nelson Richard W. , Kass Philip H. , Christopher Mary M. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate accuracy of 6 portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) by comparing results of these meters with results obtained with a reference chemistry analyzer.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—49 dogs (158 blood samples).
Procedures—Venous blood samples were tested with the 6 PBGMs, and results were compared with results of a commercially available analyzer that used a reference method based on the hexokinase reaction.
Results—Plasma glucose concentrations obtained with the reference analyzer ranged from 41 to 639 mg/dL. There were significant correlations between blood glucose concentrations obtained with the 6 PBGMs and plasma glucose concentrations obtained with the reference analyzer (r ≥ 0.96). However, for all 6 PBGMs, results differed from results for the reference analyzer, with the difference increasing as plasma glucose concentration increased. Significant differences in bias were found among meters. For 142 samples classified as hypoglycemic, euglycemic, or hyperglycemic on the basis of results of the reference analyzer, the percentage of samples that were misclassified on the basis of results of the PBGMs ranged from 2.1% to 38.7%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that there were substantial differences in the accuracy of currently available PBGMs when used to determine blood glucose concentration in dogs.
Oleander intoxication in New World camelids: 12 cases (1995–2006)
Authors: Kozikowski Tania A. , Magdesian K. Gary , Puschner Birgit 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the clinical and clinicopathologic effects and evaluate outcome associated with oleander toxicosis in New World camelids.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—11 llamas and 1 alpaca.
Procedures—Medical records from a veterinary medical teaching hospital from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2006, were reviewed. Records of all New World camelids that had detectable amounts of oleandrin in samples of serum, urine, or gastrointestinal fluid were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, and outcome of affected camelids.
Results—11 llamas and 1 alpaca met the inclusion criteria of the study. Either oleander plants were present where the camelids resided (n = 7) or oleander plant material was identified in the hay fed to the camelids (5). One llama was dead on arrival at the hospital, and another was euthanized upon admission because of financial concerns. Of the 10 treated camelids, 9 had evidence of acute renal failure, 7 had gastrointestinal signs, and 4 had cardiac dysrhythmias on initial evaluation. The overall mortality rate was 25%, but the mortality rate for the 10 camelids that were medically treated was 10%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In New World camelids, oleander intoxication was associated with a triad of clinical effects (ie, renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular dysfunction). Oleander intoxication often represented a herd problem but carried a fair to good prognosis if treated promptly. Oleander toxicosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in sick camelids.
You Pull, I’ll Push: on the Polarity of Pipelines
Authors: Kay Michael 
Published: August 2009

Pipelines provide an excellent way of structuring XML applications, simplifying complex processing tasks and enabling the reuse of generic components, using a variety of technologies. Efficient pipelines often pass data from one stage to the next as a sequence of events, representing the structure of the tree as a by notifying startElement, endElement and similar transitions.
The control flow in a pipeline can either run with the data flow (push polarity) or against the flow (pull polarity). Performance problems occur when components with different polarity need to be integrated into the same pipeline: traditionally this problem is handled either by buffering the data in memory (leading to scalability problems as well as loss of latency), or by using multiple threads, which introduces coordination overheads.
This paper looks at a different way of managing polarity conflicts, by applying the concepts of program inversion developed during the days of batch magnetic tape data processing. It specifically examines how this concept can be applied to the compilation of XSLT stylesheets, both single and multi-phase.
Automatic XML Namespaces
Authors: Quin Liam R. E. 
Published: August 2009

XML, originally called Web SGML, was designed as a subset of SGML suitable for use on the World Wide Web. Shortly after the publication of XML, the Names in XML specification, better known as Namespaces, was published. One of its primary purposes was to facilitate the exchange of RDF metadata in XML. XML Namespaces are somewhat clumsy and unwieldy, under-specified, and incomplete. They have gained considerable adoption within XML vocabularies, often with reluctance, but have met with resistance from the Web community.
This paper explores some of the difficulties (whether real or perceived) with Namespaces, suggests ways to address some of those difficulties, and also suggests ways to attempt some reconciliation with the Web developer community.
Isolation of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Inaba Kayo , Swiggard William J. , Steinman Ralph M. , Romani Nikolaus , Schuler Gerold , Brinster Carine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis unit presents two methods for preparing dendritic cells (DCs), a highly specialized type of antigen‐presenting cell (APC). The first method involves the isolation of DCs from mouse spleen, resulting in a cell population that is highly enriched in accessory cell and APC function. A support protocol for collagenase digestion of splenocyte suspensions is described to increase the yield of dendritic cells. The second method involves generating large numbers of DCs from mouse bone marrow progenitor cells. In that technique, bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) to yield 5–10 × 106 cells, 60% of which express DC surface markers (e.g., B‐7‐2/CD86). Additional techniques for isolating DCs from mouse spleens or other mouse tissues, as well as from human tissues, are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 86:3.7.1‐3.7.19. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Chung Jaehoon , Yamada Mayumi , Yang Phillip C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may emerge as an ideal non‐invasive imaging modality to monitor stem cell therapy in the failing heart. This imaging modality generates any arbitrary tomographic view at high spatial and temporal resolution with exquisite intrinsic tissue contrast. This capability enables robust evaluation of both the cardiac anatomy and function. Traditionally, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO) has been widely used for cellular MRI due to SPIO's ability to enhance sensitivity of MRI by inducing remarkable hypointense, negative signal, “blooming effect” on T2*‐weighted MRI acquisition. Recently, manganese chloride (MnCl2) has been reported by our laboratory for its ability as a contrast agent to track biological activity of viable cells. Hyperintense, positive signals can be achieved from the Mn2+‐labeled stem cells on T1‐weighted MRI acquisition. Cytotoxicity is a potential drawback of Mn2+ labeling of the cells. However, in our laboratory the labeling method has been optimized to minimize cytotoxic effects. This article describes two different magnetic labeling methods of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) using SPIO and MnCl2. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 10:5A.3.1‐5A.3.9. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laboratory Maintenance of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Reyrat Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis unit gives background information on Mycobacterium smegmatis, a mycobacterial model system, and covers all the laboratory maintenance for this species including growth in liquid and on solid medium. It also contains recommendations concerning long‐term strain storage. Although M. smegmatis is a Biosafety Level 1 organism, some rare infections in humans have been reported, and, thus all of the required safety measures are discussed here. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 14:10C.1.1‐10C.1.12. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth Conditions for Plant Virus–Host Studies
Authors: Liu Jian‐Zhong , Richerson Kristy , Nelson Richard S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPlant virus replication and spread require specific interactions between the obligate organism, the virus, and its host, the plant. Both virus and plant factors, whether they are involved in virus accumulation or in defense against virus accumulation, require specific environmental conditions to maximize their activity. In order to understand how virus and plant factors function, it is therefore necessary to understand and control the environment that influences their activity. Temperature, light, moisture, air movement, soil status, and plant nutrition are the major environmental factors that influence a virus' accumulation in its host. This unit discusses each of these environmental factors, documenting their influence on virus accumulation in the plant, and discusses methods to best control and monitor their variation. Controlling the environment will limit experimental variation and lead to more meaningful and reproducible experimental results. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 14:16A.1.1‐16A.1.16. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Govindaraj Achutharao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNanotubes constitute an exciting class of one‐dimensional nanomaterials of which carbon nanotubes are recognized widely as materials of importance. The possibility of having inorganic nanotubes was recognized early in the 1990s, accompanied by the report of nanotubes of MoS2 and WS2. Since then, nanotubes of several inorganic materials have been prepared and characterized. While nanotubes of metal chalcogenides and oxides form a high proportion of the inorganic nanotubes investigated hither to, nanotubes of many other materials have also been prepared and characterized. Several synthetic strategies including both physical and chemical methods have been employed, of which the use of templates, precursors, and hydro‐ or solvothermal methods are prominent. In this article, we shall present a brief account of the present status of the synthesis of nanotubes of elemental materials as well as binary and complex metal oxides, chalcogenides, pnictides and carbides.
Photonic Glasses: A Step Beyond White Paint
Authors: García Pedro David , Sapienza Riccardo , López Cefe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSelf‐assembly techniques are widely used to grow ordered structures such as, for example, opal‐based photonic crystals. Here, we report on photonic glasses, new disordered materials obtained via a modified self‐assembling technique. These random materials are solid thin films which exhibit rich novel light diffusion properties originating from the optical properties of their building blocks. This novel material inaugurated a wide range of nanophotonic materials with fascinating applications, such as resonant random lasers or Anderson localization.
HPLC‐fluorescence assay for measuring mosapride in small volumes of rat plasma
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Ling , Chang Ya‐Win , Chou Chen‐Hsi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA simple and sensitive HPLC‐fluorescence assay was developed for the determination of a gastroprokinetic agent mosapride in small volumes of rat plasma. Samples (50 μL) were treated with 200 μL of the internal standard solution (cisapride, 0.1 μg/mL in acetonitrile). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18column by gradient elution with the mobile phase of acetonitrile‐water containing 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Fluorescence was measured with excitation and emission set at 315 and 354 nm, respectively. The retention time was about 16 min for cisapride and 20 min for mosapride. No endogenous substances were found to interfere. The calibration curve was linear from 0.015 to 10 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.015 μg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision expressed as relative standard deviation did not exceed 7.7%, and the accuracy was within 4.7% deviation of the nominal concentration. The method was used successfully to investigate the disposition kinetics of mosapride in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residue analysis of kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid in fruits, vegetables and soil using liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Xingang , Dong Fengshou , Qin Dongmei , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA GC‐MS procedure for simultaneously determining and validating kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid has been developed in fruit, vegetable and soil matrices. The method was based on one‐step liquid–liquid extraction with acetone and dichloromethane solvents. Estimated limits of detection (LODs) for kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid were 0.006 and 0.015 mg/kg, and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐ precision were achieved with RSD better than 13.8 and 14.5%, and recoveries were in the range of 77.1–98.7% for kresoxim‐methyl and 72.8–105.1% for boscalid. The expanded uncertainties calculated at 0.1 mg/kg were below 18%. Concentration levels for residues of the two fungicides in melon samples from field trials collected 7 days after the last application were clearly below the established MRL values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new, validated HPLC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the anti‐cancer agent capecitabine and its metabolites: 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine, 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine, 5‐fluorouracil and 5‐fluorodihydrouracil, in human plasma
Authors: Vainchtein Liia D. , Rosing Hilde , Schellens Jan H.M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA rapid and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of capecitabine and its metabolites 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorocytidine (5′‐DFCR), 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouracil (5′‐DFUR), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and dihydro‐5‐fluorouracil (FUH2) in human plasma. A 200 μL human plasma aliquot was spiked with a mixture of internal standards fludarabine and 5‐chlorouracil. A single‐step protein precipitation method was employed using 10% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid in water to separate analytes from bio‐matrices. Volumes of 20 μL of the supernatant were directly injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on a 30 × 2.1 mm Hypercarb (porous graphitic carbon) column using a gradient by mixing 10 mm ammonium acetate and acetonitrile–2‐propanol–tetrahydrofuran (1 : 3 : 2.25, v/v/v). The detection was performed using a Finnigan TSQ Quantum Ultra equipped with the electrospray ion source operated in positive and negative mode. The assay quantifies a range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for capecitabine, from 10 to 5000 ng/mL for 5′‐DFCR and 5′‐DFUR, and from 50 to 5000 ng/mL for 5‐FU and FUH2 using a plasma sample of 200 μL. Correlation coefficients (r2) of the calibration curves in human plasma were better than 0.99 for all compounds. At all concentration levels, deviations of measured concentrations from nominal concentration were between −4.41 and 3.65% with CV values less than 12.0% for capecitabine, between −7.00 and 6.59% with CV values less than 13.0 for 5′‐DFUR, between −3.25 and 4.11% with CV values less than 9.34% for 5′‐DFCR, between −5.54 and 5.91% with CV values less than 9.69% for 5‐FU and between −4.26 and 6.86% with CV values less than 14.9% for FUH2. The described method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic profile of capecitabine and its metabolites in plasma of treated cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC method validation for measurement of sulforaphane level in broccoli by‐products
Authors: Campas‐Baypoli O. N. , Sánchez‐Machado D. I. , Bueno‐Solano C. , Ramírez‐Wong B. , López‐Cervantes J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA simple and specific analytical method was developed and tested for the determination of sulforaphane in broccoli by‐products. The method includes the optimization of the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane, followed by purification of extracts using solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The response surface methodology was used to find optimum conditions for the preparation and purification procedure. Chromatographic conditions for reversed‐phase HPLC with UV photodiode array detection were as follows: column, Exil ODS C18, 25 × 0.46 cm, 5 μm; column temperature, 36°C; mobile phase, a 30 : 70 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile:water; flow rate, 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was UV 202 nm. Under these conditions, excellent linearity was obtained (r2 = 1), and the overall recovery was 97.5 and 98.1% for fresh florets and lyophilized florets, respectively. The precision results showed that the relative standard deviation of the repeatability for florets fresh and lyophilized was 3.0 and 4.0%, respectively. Sulforaphane contents were determined in the edible portion of fresh broccoli, and broccoli crop remains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary electrophoretic separation and computational modeling of inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin and 18‐crown‐6 ether with primaquine and quinocide
Authors: Elbashir Abdalla A. , Suliman Fakhr Eldin Osman , Saad Bahruddin , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ) and its contaminant, the positional isomer quinocide (QC) have been successfully separated using capillary electrophoresis with either β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) or 18‐crown‐6 ether (18C6) as chiral mobile phase additive. The interactions of the drugs with cyclodextrins and 18C6 were studied by the semiempirical method (Parametric Model 3) PM3. Theoretical calculations for the inclusion complexes of PQ and QC with α‐CD, β‐CD and 18C6 were performed. Data from the theoretical calculations are correlated and discussed with respect to the electrophoretic migration behavior. More stable complexes are predicted for the PQ–β‐CD and PQ–18C6 complexes. The coelution of PQ and QC when α‐CD was used as buffer additive can be explained by their comparable stabilities of the inclusion complex formed, while significant differences in the complexation stabilities of the drugs with β‐CD is responsible for their separation. The stronger hydrogen bonding in PQ–18C6 system is responsible for the separation between PQ and QC when 18C6 was used as chiral mobile phase additive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved cre reporter transgenic Xenopus
Authors: Rankin Scott A. , Hasebe Takashi , Zorn Aaron M. , Buchholz Daniel R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have produced and characterized improved transgenic reporter lines for detection of Cre recombinase activity during Xenopus development. Improvements include choice of fluorophores, which make these Cre reporter lines generally suitable for lineage tracing studies. We also include data for several new parameters affecting survival and transgenesis efficiency using the recently developed meganuclease method of frog transgenesis. These transgenic frogs express cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) under control of the ubiquitous promoter CMV, where CFP is replaced by DsRed2 (a red fluorescent protein) in the presence of Cre. Three independent, high expression, Cre‐sensitive lines have been identified that maintain robust fluorophore expression across generations and lack DsRed2 expression in the absence of Cre. A novel use of these lines is to indelibly mark embryonic blastomeres by Cre mRNA injection for permanent fate mapping. Similarly, transgenically expressed Cre under control of tissue‐specific promoters will allow detailed analysis of cell lineage relationships throughout embryogenesis, metamorphosis, and adulthood. Developmental Dynamics 238:2401–2408, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulating gene activity in Wnt1‐expressing precursors of neural epithelial and neural crest cells
Authors: Hsu Wei , Mirando Anthony J. , Yu Hsiao‐Man Ivy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTargeted gene disruption or expression often encounters lethality. Conditional approaches, permitting manipulation at desired stages, are required to overcome this problem in order to analyze gene function in later developmental processes. Wnt1 has been shown to be expressed in neural crest precursors at the dorsal midline region. However, its expression was not detected in emigrated neural crest cells, the descendants of Wnt1‐expressing precursors. We have developed mouse transgenic systems to manipulate gene activity in the Wnt1‐expressing precursors and their derivatives by integrating the tetracycline‐dependent activation and Cre‐mediated recombination methods. A new Wnt1‐rtTA strain, carrying rtTA under control of Wnt1 regulatory elements, has been created for gene manipulation in a spatiotemporal‐specific fashion. Together with our previously developed Wnt1‐Cre;R26STOPrtTA model, these systems permit conditional gene expression and ablation in pre‐migratory and/or post‐migratory neural crest cells. This study demonstrated the versatility of our mouse models to achieve gene manipulation in early neural development. Developmental Dynamics 239:338–345, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.