bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercalation of the herbicide atrazine in layered double hydroxides for controlled‐release applications
Authors: Touloupakis Eleftherios , Margelou Asimina , Ghanotakis Demetrios F 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The herbicide atrazine was intercalated in the interlayer region of Mg/Al layered double hydroxides in order to produce a nanohybrid that could be used in controlled‐release applications.RESULTS: The hydrophobic herbicide was incorporated in artificial membranes formed in the interlayer of the inorganic host by using palmitic acid. The synthetic nanohybrid material was characterised by various techniques, and release studies were carried out. In addition, the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. was treated with the atrazine‐containing nanohybrid, which exerted an herbicidal efficacy similar to that of the free herbicide.CONCLUSION: The herbicide containing nanohybrid could enable a controlled release of the herbicide. In addition, the herbicide would be delivered close to its site of uptake, enhancing efficiency and reducing the required doses. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of synthetic pure isothiocyanates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Kurt Şener , Güneş Ufuk , Soylu Emine M 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae are potentially useful for controlling fungal pathogens. In vitro activity of pure ITCs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was studied by adding them to glass filters in petri dishes and dissolving them in the growing media.RESULTS: Methyl, allyl and benzyl ITCs were the most fungitoxic of the compounds in bioassays with S. sclerotiorum isolate Ss31. In the volatile phase, mycelial growth was completely inhibited by these three compounds. Aromatic ITCs were less toxic in the petri dishes but were more toxic than aliphatic ITCs when dissolved in the agar. Benzyl ITC exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on sclerotial germination, with an EC50 value of 75.1 µmol L−1. Butyl and benzyl ITCs reduced apothecial production of S. sclerotiorum by 92.5% at the highest concentration. In in vivo assay, only allyl and 2‐phenylethyl ITCs reduced disease incidence (by 76.7 and 70% respectively) at low concentrations.CONCLUSION: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the soil might be suppressed by the higher concentrations of allyl and benzyl ITCs released from decomposition of Brassica juncea, B. carinata, B. nigra and Sinapis spp. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Viscosity Estimations of Multi‐Component Slags
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Wang Zhen , Chou Kuochih 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA model for viscosity estimation of molten aluminosilicate slag, which was developed in our previous study, was extended to estimate viscosity of multi‐component slag containing alkali oxide and calcium fluoride in this study. The charge compensations of alkali oxides for Al tetrahedral ions are explicitly taken into account in the equations. The effect of calcium fluoride on the viscosity of slag was modeled by considering Ca‐2F species and no network‐breaking effect of CaF2 were considered. The present model was applied to estimate the viscosity of slags within Al2O3‐CaO‐FeO‐MgO‐SiO2‐CaF2‐Na2O‐K2O system. A good agreement with a mean deviation of ∼20% was achieved by comparison between estimated and measured values.
The Controlled Generation of Functional Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Bissonnette Christopher J. , Lyass Ljuba , Bhattacharyya Bula J. , Belmadani Abdelhak , Miller Richard J. , Kessler John A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
An early substantial loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) is a constant feature of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into BFCN would be a significant step toward a cell replacement therapy. We demonstrate here a method for the derivation of a predominantly pure population of BFCN from hESC cells using diffusible ligands present in the forebrain at developmentally relevant time periods. Overexpression of two relevant human transcription factors in hESC-derived neural progenitors also generates BFCN. These neurons express only those markers characteristic of BFCN, generate action potentials, and form functional cholinergic synapses in murine hippocampal slice cultures. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the transcription factors blocks BFCN generation by the diffusible ligands, clearly demonstrating the factors both necessary and sufficient for the controlled derivation of this neuronal population. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of hESCs into BFCN is a significant step both for understanding mechanisms regulating BFCN lineage commitment and for the development of both cell transplant-mediated therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease and high-throughput screening for agents that promote BFCN survival.
Effects of cypermethrin on Allium cepa
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Kaya Arzu , Yilmaz Fadime , Yalçin Emine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, toxic effects of the cypermethrin in Allium cepa L. cells were investigated. For this aim, we investigated the changes in pigment contents, antioxidant enzymes, mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities as indicators of toxicity. The seeds were treated with different doses (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 ppm) of cypermethrin for 72 h. The result showed that there was a significant alteration in the tested parameters depending on treatment dose in the seeds exposed to cypermethrin when compared to the control group. Cypermethrin exposure significantly reduced the carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b pigments in all treatment groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase showed a concentration‐time dependent increase and the maximum increase was observed on day 15 of treatment at 6.0 ppm cypermethrin exposure. The activity of catalase increased gradually with increasing cypermethrin concentration, but a soft decrease in CAT activity was decreased after 15 days of 1.5 ppm and 3.0 ppm cypermethrin treatment. In the roots treated with 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 ppm cypermethrin, the level of malondialdehyde was about 1.8, 2.4, and 3.4 times higher than the control group, respectively. It was also found that cypermethrin has a mitodepressive action on mitosis, and the MI was decreased depending on the dose of cyprmethrin. All of the concentrations of cypermethrin induced chromosomal abnormalities and the most common abnormality observed in the present study was chromosome bridges. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia with placental insufficiency: effect on uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery resistance indices
Authors: Trapani A. , Gonçalves L. F. , Pires M. M. de S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of transdermal nitroglycerin on Doppler velocity waveforms of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 30 singleton pregnancies (gestational age range: 24–31 weeks) with severe pre‐eclampsia and abnormal uterine and umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. We compared maternal blood pressure as well as the resistance index (RI) and the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries before and after application of a transdermal nitroglycerin patch (average dose 0.4 mg/h) for a period of 3 days. Intra‐day comparisons before and after administration of nitroglycerin and a comparison between days 0 (no patch) and 3 after administration of the first dose of nitroglycerin were performed using ANOVA for paired samples.ResultsA significant decrease in the PI and RI of the uterine (25.3 ± 4.9% and 21.2 ± 6.2%, respectively, P < 0.001) and umbilical (23.1 ± 6.9% and 19.7 ± 6.1%, respectively, P < 0.001) arteries was noted when comparing the first day without medication against the third day with the patch. No significant change in the PI and RI of the middle cerebral artery was observed. The mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 119.5 ± 4.5 mmHg to 114.8 ± 4.4 mmHg (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia is associated with a significant reduction in the RI and PI of the uterine and umbilical arteries, as well as of maternal blood pressure. Transdermal nitroglycerin does not affect the RI and PI of the fetal middle cerebral artery. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual attention
Authors: Evans Karla K. , Horowitz Todd S. , Howe Piers , Pedersini Roccardo , Reijnen Ester , Pinto Yair , Kuzmova Yoana , Wolfe Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA typical visual scene we encounter in everyday life is complex and filled with a huge amount of perceptual information. The term, ‘visual attention’ describes a set of mechanisms that limit some processing to a subset of incoming stimuli. Attentional mechanisms shape what we see and what we can act upon. They allow for concurrent selection of some (preferably, relevant) information and inhibition of other information. This selection permits the reduction of complexity and informational overload. Selection can be determined both by the ‘bottom‐up’ saliency of information from the environment and by the ‘top‐down’ state and goals of the perceiver. Attentional effects can take the form of modulating or enhancing the selected information. A central role for selective attention is to enable the ‘binding’ of selected information into unified and coherent representations of objects in the outside world. In the overview on visual attention presented here we review the mechanisms and consequences of selection and inhibition over space and time. We examine theoretical, behavioral and neurophysiologic work done on visual attention. We also discuss the relations between attention and other cognitive processes such as automaticity and awareness.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 503–514 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.127This article is categorized under:Psychology > Attention
Strukturanalytische Untersuchungen P‐substituierter 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholidine
Authors: Puntigam Oliver , Hajdók Imre , Nieger Martin , Niemeyer Mark , Strobel Sabine , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: March 2011

Abstract2‐Diphenylphosphanyl‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidines were prepared via metathesis from 2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidines and LiPPh2. For some of the products, symmetrisation to tetraphenyldiphosphane and 2,2′‐bis‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidinyls was observed. Most of the derivatives were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which showed that all compounds studied feature elongated exocyclic P–Cl or P–P‐bonds, respectively. The extent of this bond lengthening is in the P‐phosphanyl‐substituted species similar and in the P‐chloro‐derivatives less pronounced than in corresponding CC‐unsaturated 1,3,2‐diazaphospholenes. Structure correlation involving comparison of exocyclic P–X and endocyclic P–N distances suggests that n(N)/σ*(P–X) hyperconjugation contributes strongly to the bond lengthening and induces a perceptible weakening of the P–P bonds in 2‐diphenylphosphanyl‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholidines, which should render these compounds interesting substrates for P–P bond activation reactions.
Development and Evaluation of a Decision Aid for BRCA Carriers with Breast Cancer
Authors: Culver Julie O. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Thornton Andrea A. , Sand Sharon R. , Grant Marcia , Bowen Deborah J. , Burke Harry , Garcia Nellie , Metcalfe Kelly A. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBRCA+ breast cancer patients face high risk for a second breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Helping these women decide among risk‐reducing options requires effectively conveying complex, emotionally‐laden, information. To support their decision‐making needs, we developed a web‐based decision aid (DA) as an adjunct to genetic counseling. Phase 1 used focus groups to determine decision‐making needs. These findings and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework guided the DA development. Phase 2 involved nine focus groups of four stakeholder types (BRCA+ breast cancer patients, breast cancer advocates, and genetics and oncology professionals) to evaluate the DA's decision‐making utility, information content, visual display, and implementation. Overall, feedback was very favorable about the DA, especially a values and preferences ranking‐exercise and an output page displaying personalized responses. Stakeholders were divided as to whether the DA should be offered at‐home versus only in a clinical setting. This well‐received DA will be further tested to determine accessibility and effectiveness.
Constructing ageing and age identities: a case study of newspaper discourses
Authors: FEALY GERARD , McNAMARA MARTIN , TREACY MARGARET PEARL , LYONS IMOGEN 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPublic discourses concerning older people are available in a variety of texts, including popular media, and these discourses position older people with particular age identities. This study examined discursive formations of ageing and age identities in print media in Ireland. Constituting a single media event, newspaper texts concerned with revised welfare provision for older people were subjected to critical discourse analysis and revealed particular ways of naming and referencing older people and distinct constructions of ageing and age identities. The use of nouns and phrases to name and reference older people positioned them as a distinct demographic group and a latent ageism was discernible in texts that deployed collective names like ‘grannies and grandads’ and ‘little old ladies’. Five distinct identity types were available in the texts, variously constructing older people as ‘victims’; ‘frail, infirm and vulnerable’; ‘radicalised citizens’; ‘deserving old’ and ‘undeserving old’. The discourses made available subject positions that collectively produced identities of implied dependency and otherness, thereby placing older people outside mainstream Irish society. The proposition that older people might be healthy, self-reliant and capable of autonomous living was largely absent in the discourses. Newspaper discourses betray taken-for-granted assumptions and reveal dominant social constructions of ageing and age identity that have consequences for older people's behaviour and for the way that society behaves towards them.
Seasonal pattern and genotype distribution of sapovirus infection in Japan, 2003–2009
Authors: DEY S. K. , PHATHAMMAVONG O. , NGUYEN T. D. , THONGPRACHUM A. , CHAN-IT W. , OKITSU S. , MIZUGUCHI M. , USHIJIMA H. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYSapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is one of the major causative agents of viral gastroenteritis affecting all age groups. A total of 3232 faecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in five different regions of Japan during 2003–2009 were examined for sapovirus by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Sapoviruses were detected in 131 (4·05%) patients with the peak observed mainly in the cold season (November–March) in Japan during 2003–2009. During the last 6 years, sapovirus GI/1 was the predominant strain in Japan followed by GIV, GII/3, GII/6, GII/2, GII/12 and GI, respectively.
Quantification of Subsurface Damage in a Brittle Insulating Ceramic by Three-Dimensional Focused Ion Beam Tomography
Authors: Payraudeau N. , McGrouther D. , O'Kelly K.U. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, we present a fully automated method to investigate and reconstruct the three-dimensional crack structure beneath an indent in a highly insulating material. This work concentrates on issues arising from a long automatic acquisition process, the insulating nature of the specimen, and the introduction of minimal damage to the original cracks resulting from indentation.
MONW Phenotype Is Associated With Advanced Colorectal Adenoma in Korean Men
Authors: Kim Moon‐Chan , Kim Chang‐Sup , Chung Tae‐Heum , Jeong Joseph , Lee Seon‐Ho , Kim Sung‐Ryul , Jung Seok‐Won , Park Neung‐Hwa , Yoo Cheol‐In 
Published: March 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between colorectal adenoma and metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) among Korean men and women. The MONW phenotype is defined as a BMI <25, but fulfilling the metabolic syndrome (MS) criteria with a modified waist circumference (≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) appropriate for Korean. A total of 3,430 subjects (2,263 men and 1,167 women; 23–75 years old) were included in the study. Colorectal adenomas were diagnosed in 775 men and 199 women. The rate of advanced adenomas in males was 24.3% and in females 21.1%. A significant association between MONW and advanced colorectal adenoma was found in men (age‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–3.47) but not in women (age‐adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.50–6.45). The findings suggest that men with MONW may have an increased risk of developing advanced colorectal adenoma whereas this does not seem true for females.
The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone could improve somatic cell reprogramming
Authors: Shoae‐Hassani Alireza , Sharif Shiva , Verdi Javad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExpression of four major reprogramming transgenes, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐myc, in somatic cells enables them to have pluripotency. These cells are iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) that currently show the greatest potential for differentiation into cells of the three germ lineages. One of the issues facing the successful reprogramming and clinical translation of iPSC technology is the high rate of apoptosis after the reprogramming process. Reprogramming is a stressful process, and the p53 apoptotic pathway plays a negative role in cell growth and self‐renewal. Apoptosis via the p53 pathway serves as a major barrier in nuclear somatic cell reprogramming during iPSC generation. DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is an abundant steroid that is produced at high levels in the adrenal cells, and withdrawal of DHEA increases the levels of p53 in the epithelial and stromal cells, resulting in increased levels of apoptotic cells; meanwhile, DHEA decreases cellular apoptosis. DHEA could improve the efficacy of reprogramming yield due to a decrease in apoptosis via the p53 pathway and an increase in cell viability.
Ultrafast photo-excitation dynamics in isolated, neutral water clusters
Authors: Liu H. T. , Müller J. P. , Beutler M. , Ghotbi M. , Noack F. , Radloff W. , Zhavoronkov N. , Schulz C. P. , Hertel I. V. 
Published: March 2011

Using the efficient nonlinear conversion scheme which was recently developed in our group [M. Beutler, M. Ghotbi, F. Noack, and I. V. Hertel, Opt. Lett. 134, 1491 (2010); M. Ghotbi, M. Beutler, and F. Noack, ibid 35, 3492 (2010)] to provide intense sub-50 fs vacuum ultraviolet laser pulses we have performed the first real time study of ultrafast, photo-induced dynamics in the electronically excited \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\tilde{A}$\end{document}Ã-state of water clusters (H2O)n and (D2O)n, n = 2–10. Three relevant time scales, 1.8–2.5, 10–30, and 50–150 fs, can be distinguished which—guided by the available theoretical results—are attributed to H (D)-ejection, OH (OD) dissociation, and a nonadiabatic transition through a conical intersection, respectively. While a direct quantitative comparison is only very preliminary, the present results provide a crucial test for future modeling of excited state dynamics in water clusters, and should help to unravel some of the many still unresolved puzzles about water.
Development of radially movable multichannel Reynolds stress probe system for a cylindrical laboratory plasma
Authors: Nagashima Yoshihiko , Inagaki Shigeru , Kamakaki Kunihiro , Arakawa Hiroyuki , Yamada Takuma , Shinohara Shunjiro , Kawai Yoshinobu , Yagi Masatoshi , Fujisawa Akihide , Itoh Sanae -I. , Itoh Kimitaka , Takase Yuichi 
Published: March 2011

A new radially movable multichannel azimuthal probe system has been developed for measuring azimuthal and radial profiles of electrostatic Reynolds stress (RS) per mass density of microscale fluctuations for a cylindrical laboratory plasma. The system is composed of 16 probe units arranged azimuthally. Each probe unit has six electrodes to simultaneously measure azimuthal and radial electric fields for obtaining RS. The advantage of the system is that each probe unit is radially movable to measure azimuthal RS profiles at arbitrary radial locations as well as two-dimensional structures of fluctuations. The first result from temporal observation of fluctuation azimuthal profile presents that a low-frequency fluctuation (1–2 kHz) synchronizes oscillating Reynolds stress. In addition, radial scanning of the probe system simultaneously demonstrates two-dimensional patterns of mode structure and nonlinear forces with frequency f = 1.5 kHz and azimuthal mode number m = 1.
Identifying discriminative classification-based motifs in biological sequences
Authors: Vens Celine , Rosso Marie-Noëlle , Danchin Etienne G. J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Identification of conserved motifs in biological sequences is crucial to unveil common shared functions. Many tools exist for motif identification, including some that allow degenerate positions with multiple possible nucleotides or amino acids. Most efficient methods available today search conserved motifs in a set of sequences, but do not check for their specificity regarding to a set of negative sequences.
Results: We present a tool to identify degenerate motifs, based on a given classification of amino acids according to their physico-chemical properties. It returns the top K motifs that are most frequent in a positive set of sequences involved in a biological process of interest, and absent from a negative set. Thus, our method discovers discriminative motifs in biological sequences that may be used to identify new sequences involved in the same process. We used this tool to identify candidate effector proteins secreted into plant tissues by the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Our tool identified a series of motifs specifically present in a positive set of known effectors while totally absent from a negative set of evolutionarily conserved housekeeping proteins. Scanning the proteome of M.incognita, we detected 2579 proteins that contain these specific motifs and can be considered as new putative effectors.
Availability and Implementation: The motif discovery tool and the proteins used in the experiments are available at http://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/ml/systems/merci.
Contact: celine.vens@cs.kuleuven.be
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.