bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The differential activities of Runx1 promoters define milestones during embryonic hematopoiesis
Authors: Sroczynska Patrycja , Lancrin Christophe , Kouskoff Valerie , Lacaud Georges 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe transcription factor RUNX1/AML1 is a master regulator of hematopoietic development. Its spatiotemporal expression is tightly regulated during embryonic development and is under the control of 2 alternative promoters, distal and proximal. Despite the functional significance of Runx1, the relative and specific activities of these 2 promoters remain largely uncharacterized. To investigate these activities, we introduced 2 reporter genes under the control of the proximal and distal promoters in embryonic stem cell and transgenic mouse lines. Our study reveals that both in vitro and in vivo the proximal Runx1 isoform marks a hemogenic endothelium cell population, whereas the subsequent expression of distal Runx1 defines fully committed definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Interestingly, hematopoietic commitment in distal Runx1 knockout embryos appears normal. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the differential activities of the 2 Runx1 promoters define milestones of hematopoietic development and suggest that the proximal isoform plays a critical role in the generation of hematopoietic cells from hemogenic endothelium. Identification and access to the discrete stages of hematopoietic development defined by the activities of the Runx1 promoters will provide the opportunity to further explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic development.
Predictive factors for breast cancer in patients diagnosed atypical ductal hyperplasia at core needle biopsy
Authors: Chae Byung Joo , Lee Ahwon , Song Byung Joo , Jung Sang Seol 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) is considered to be the standard technique for histological diagnosis of breast lesions. But, it is less reliable for diagnosing atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). The purpose of the present study was to predict, based on clinical and radiological findings, which cases of ADH diagnosed by CNB would be more likely to be associated with a more advanced lesion on subsequent surgical excision.

Methods
Between February 2002 and December 2007, consecutive ultrasound-guided CNBs were performed on suspicious breast lesions at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. A total of 69 CNBs led to a diagnosis of ADH, and 45 patients underwent follow-up surgical excision. We reviewed the medical records and analyses retrospectively.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with ADH at CNB. Of these patients, 45 underwent surgical excision and 10 (22.2%) were subsequently diagnosed with a malignancy (ductal carcinoma in situ, n = 8; invasive cancer, n = 2). Univariate analysis revealed age (≥ 50-years) at the time of core needle biopsy (p = 0.006), size (> 10 mm) on imaging (p = 0.033), and combined mass with microcalcification on sonography (p = 0.029) to be associated with underestimation. When those three factors were included in multivariate analysis, only age (p = 0.035, HR 6.201, 95% CI 1.135-33.891) was an independent predictor of malignancy.

Conclusion
Age (≥ 50) at the time of biopsy is an independent predictive factor for breast cancer at surgical excision in patients with diagnosed ADH at CNB. For patients diagnosed with ADH at CNB, only complete surgical excision is the suitable treatment option, because we could not find any combination of factors that can safely predict the absence of DCIS or invasive cancer in a case of ADH.
Novel deployment of a covered duodenal stent in open surgery to facilitate closure of a malignant duodenal perforation
Authors: Lung Philip F , Cresswell Adrian B , Psaila Josephine , Patel Ameet G 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Its a dilemma to attempt a palliative procedure to debulk the tumour and/or prevent future obstructive complications in a locally advanced intra abdominal malignancy.

Case presentation
A 38 year old Vietnamese man presented with a carcinoma of the colon which had invaded the gallbladder and duodenum with a sealed perforation of the second part of the duodenum. Following surgical exploration, it was evident that primary closure of the perforated duodenum was not possible due to the presence of unresectable residual tumour.

Conclusion
We describe a novel technique using a covered duodenal stent deployed at open surgery to aid closure of a malignant duodenal perforation.
Genetic reconstitution of the human Adenovirus type 2 temperature-sensitive 1 mutant defective in endosomal escape
Authors: Imelli Nicola , Ruzsics Zsolt , Puntener Daniel , Gastaldelli Michele , Greber Urs F 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Human Adenoviruses infect the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the urinary and digestive tracts, lymphoid systems and heart, and give rise to epidemic conjunctivitis. More than 51 human serotypes have been identified to-date, and classified into 6 species A-F. The species C Adenoviruses Ad2 and Ad5 (Ad2/5) cause upper and lower respiratory disease, but how viral structure relates to the selection of particular infectious uptake pathways is not known. An adenovirus mutant, Ad2-ts1 had been isolated upon chemical mutagenesis in the past, and shown to have unprocessed capsid proteins. Ad2-ts1 fails to package the viral protease L3/p23, and Ad2-ts1 virions do not efficiently escape from endosomes. It had been suggested that the C22187T point mutation leading to the substitution of the conserved proline 137 to leucine (P137L) in the L3/p23 protease was at least in part responsible for this phenotype. To clarify if the C22187T mutation is necessary and sufficient for the Ad2-ts1 phenotype, we sequenced the genes encoding the structural proteins of Ad2-ts1, and confirmed that the Ad2-ts1 DNA carries the point mutation C22187T. Introduction of C22187T to the wild-type Ad2 genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome (Ad2-BAC) gave Ad2-BAC46 virions with the full Ad2-ts1 phenotype. Reversion of Ad2-BAC46 gave wild-type Ad2 particles indicating that P137L is necessary and sufficient for the Ad2-ts1 phenotype. The kinetics of Ad2-ts1 uptake into cells were comparable to Ad2 suggesting similar endocytic uptake mechanisms. Surprisingly, infectious Ad2 or Ad5 but not Ad2-ts1 uptake required CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid protein), which controls clathrin-mediated endocytosis and membrane transport between endosomes and the trans-Golgi-network. The data show that no other mutations than P137L in the viral protease are necessary to give rise to particles that are defective in capsid processing and endosomal escape. This provides a basis for genetic analyses of distinct host requirements for Ad endocytosis and escape from endosomes.
Meeting report: 2009 international conference on molecular neurodegeneration May 18-20, 2009, Xiamen, China
Authors: Zhang Yunwu , Owens Lisa , Bu Guojun 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are great challenges as the aging population grows. To promote neurodegeneration research and to share recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating diseases, the journal Molecular Neurodegeneration and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University co-organized the 2009 International Conference on Molecular Neurodegeneration in Xiamen, China on May 18-20, 2009. The objectives of this meeting were to (1) promote cutting-edge neurodegeneration research in China and in neighboring Asian countries; (2) facilitate the exchange of information relevant to neurodegenerative research; (3) provide education opportunity for students, postdocs and physicians; and (4) provide a platform for investigators at different career levels to interact and network, and to foster collaborations at the international levels. About 100 investigators presented their recent discoveries with a wide range of scopes of neurodegeneration research, including new genes, molecular pathways, animal models, and potential therapeutics.
Quantitative PCR Analysis for Bcl-2/IgH in a Phase III Study of Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan As Consolidation of First Remission in Patients With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Goff Lindsey , Summers Karin , Iqbal Sameena , Kuhlmann Jens , Kunz Michael , Louton Tom , Hagenbeek Anton , Morschhauser Franck , Putz Barbara , Lister Andrew , Rohatiner Ama 
Published: October 2009

Purpose The randomized First-Line Indolent Trial (FIT) was conducted in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma (FL), to evaluate the safety and efficacy of yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan given as consolidation of complete or partial remission. This study of minimal residual disease was undertaken in parallel, to determine the rate of conversion from bcl-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) –detectable to –undetectable status and the corresponding effect on progression-free survival (PFS). Patients and Methods Blood samples from 414 patients (90Y-ibritumomab, n = 208; control, n = 206) were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR); 186 were found to have the bcl-2 rearrangement and were thus eligible for inclusion in the RQ-PCR analysis. Results Overall, 90% of treated patients converted from bcl-2 PCR–detectable to –undetectable disease status, compared with 36% in the control group. Treatment significantly prolonged median PFS in patients converting to bcl-2 PCR-undetectable status (40.8 v 24.0 months in the control group; P < .01, hazard ratio [HR], 0.399). In patients who had bcl-2 PCR-detectable disease at random assignment, treatment significantly prolonged median PFS (38.4 v 8.2 months in the control group; P < .01, HR, 0.293). Conclusion Eradication of PCR-detectable disease occurred more frequently after treatment with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and was associated with prolongation of PFS.
Phase II Multicenter Trial of Anthracycline Rechallenge With Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide for First-Line Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Adjuvant Anthracyclines
Authors: Trudeau Maureen E. , Clemons Mark J. , Provencher Louise , Panasci Lawrence , Yelle Louise , Rayson Daniel , Latreille Jean , Vandenberg Ted , Goel Rakesh , Zibdawi Labib , Rahim Yasmin , Pouliot Jean-Francois 
Published: October 2009

Purpose Anthracyclines are a component of breast cancer chemotherapy regimens in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. Anthracycline rechallenge for metastatic disease, for those previously exposed to adjuvant anthracyclines, may not be considered because of concerns about efficacy, tolerability, and cumulative cardiotoxicity. Patients and Methods This prospective, multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial examined the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) 35 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 as first-line therapy, delivered every 3 weeks, in 70 patients who developed metastatic disease more than 12 months after completion of an adjuvant anthracycline-containing regimen. Seven patients discontinued treatment early and were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Results After a median of six cycles, the objective response rate was 38%. An additional 33% of patients achieved stable disease lasting more than 6 months, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 71%. The estimated median time to progression was 12.2 months. Median overall survival time was 16.5 months. Clinical response was equally robust in patients with and without prior taxane exposure. Treatment was well tolerated. The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE; 10%), dyspnea (9%), and neutropenia (9%). One (1.4%) of 70 patients discontinued treatment as a result of PPE. One patient (1.4%) experienced an infusion reaction requiring discontinuation. No symptomatic cardiac events were observed. Conclusion PLD plus cyclophosphamide is effective and well tolerated in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have received prior adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The majority of patients experienced a clinical benefit without any significant impact on cardiac function.
A Magnetically Separable Heterogeneous Catalyst Co@CoO Hollow Spheres: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohol
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Baojun , Gao Cuiling , Xu Zheng 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Co@CoO hollow spheres have been synthesized and applied as a magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohol. The catalyst exhibits good activity and excellent selectivity for aldehydes. CoO is the catalytically active component rooted in magnetic cobalt inner shell support, which prevents the catalyst from aggregating and leaching. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by a magnet and reused for several circles.
Preparation of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Gel after γ-Ray Radiation
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Koo Junmo , Shirahase Tomoko , Takahara Atsushi , Sohn Daewon 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This paper focuses on increasing the mechanical strength of hydrogels that connect silica particles via acrylic acid polymer chains. This is done by directly polymerizing the silica particle surface with γ-ray radiation in water.
Defining and Mapping Mammalian Coat Pattern Genes: Multiple Genomic Regions Implicated in Domestic Cat Stripes and Spots
Authors: Eizirik Eduardo , David Victor A , Buckley-Beason Valerie , Roelke Melody E , Schäffer Alejandro A , Hannah Steven S , Narfström Kristina , O'Brien Stephen J , Menotti-Raymond Marilyn 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMammalian coat patterns (e.g., spots, stripes) are hypothesized to play important roles in camouflage and other relevant processes, yet the genetic and developmental bases for these phenotypes are completely unknown. The domestic cat, with its diversity of coat patterns, is an excellent model organism to investigate these phenomena. We have established three independent pedigrees to map the four recognized pattern variants classically considered to be specified by a single locus, Tabby; in order of dominance, these are the unpatterned agouti form called “Abyssinian” or “ticked” (Ta), followed by Spotted (Ts), Mackerel (TM), and Blotched (tb). We demonstrate that at least three different loci control the coat markings of the domestic cat. One locus, responsible for the Abyssinian form (herein termed the Ticked locus), maps to an ∼3.8-Mb region on cat chromosome B1. A second locus controls the Tabby alleles TM and tb, and maps to an ∼5-Mb genomic region on cat chromosome A1. One or more additional loci act as modifiers and create a spotted coat by altering mackerel stripes. On the basis of our results and associated observations, we hypothesize that mammalian patterned coats are formed by two distinct processes: a spatially oriented developmental mechanism that lays down a species-specific pattern of skin cell differentiation and a pigmentation-oriented mechanism that uses information from the preestablished pattern to regulate the synthesis of melanin profiles.
Norwegian Experiences with Steel Piles to Rock
Authors: Bjerrum L. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The Paper reviews 25 years of Norwegian experience in the use of steel piles for foundations. The condition of soft clay overlying a hard and oftensteeply inclined rock surface which is common in Norway creates a number of problems in the design and driving of point bearing piles to bedrock. Methods of pile driving which have been evolved to ensure a satisfactory sealing of the pile point into rock are described in detail. The problems of the buckling of piles under load and of the corrosion of steel piles in the ground are discussed in the light of recorded experience. Finally, the settlements of single piles and of buildings are discussed.The settlement of a successful single pile is found approximately equal to the elastic compression of the pile, whereas observations indicate that thesettlements of buildings are two to four times this value. L'article passe en revue 25 ans d'expérience norvégienne dans I'emploi de pieux en acier pour fondations. Les conditions souvent rencontrées en Norvège, de l'argile recouvrant une surface rocheuse dure et souvent fortement inclinée, créent un certain nombre de problèmes dans I'exécution du dessin et l'enfoncement des pieux à pointes dans un sons-sol rocheux. Des méthodes d'enfoncement de pieux qui ont été développées pour assurer un scellement satisfaisant de la pointe de pieux dans le rocher, sont déccrites détail. Les problèmes du flambage des pieux sons pression et de la corrosion des pieux en acier dans le sol sont discutés an jour des expériences enrégistrées. Enfin, les tassements de pieux individuels et de bâtiments sont discutés. On remarque que le tassement d'un pieu individuel bien réussi est approximativement égal à la compression élastique du pieu, tandis que les observations indiquent que les tassements de bâtiments sont de deux à quatre fois cette valeur.
On The Yielding of Soils
Authors: Roscoe K. H. , Schofield A. N. , Wroth C. P. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis Hvorslev's equation for the shear strength of clay is shown to define a surface in a space of three variables σ′, e and τ. The progressive yielding of a sample defines a loading path in this space, and the paths taken by samples in differing tests can be correlated if a boundary energy correction is applied. The final portions of all paths then lie in a unique surface, and the paths end at a unique critical voids ratio line. At the critical voids ratio state unlimited deformation can take place while σ′, e and τ remain constant. The two concepts of the existence of such a surface and such a critical voids ratio line are verified by an analysis of results of triaxial tests on a clay. Similar tests on silt and sand also confirm the concepts, although some inaccuracy is inherent in these tests. Finally results of tests on granular media in a simple shear apparatus are presented which confirm closely the applicability of both concepts to the yielding of granular media. On montre que l'équation de Hvorslev sur la force de cisaillement de l'argile détermine une surface dans un espace à trois variables, σ′, e et τ. Le tassement progressif d'un échantillon détermine un parcours de charge dans cet espace, et on peut établir une corrélation entre les parcours pris par les échantillons dans des essais différents sil'on applique une correction de l'énergie limite. Les parties finales de tous les parcours se trouvent alors dans une surface unique, et les parcours se terminent à une ligne critique unique des indices de vide. A l'état critique des indices de vide il peut se produire une déformation illimitée tandis que σ′, e et τ restent constants. Les deux conceptions de l'existence d'une telle surface et d'une telle ligne critique des indices de vide sont vérifiées par une analyse des résultats d'essais triaxiaux d'une argile. Des essais similaires sur du limon et du sable confirment aussi les conceptions, quoique quelque inexactitude soit inhérente à ces essais. Finalement, on présente des résultats d'essais effectués sur des milieux granulaires dans un appareil de cisaillement simple qui confirment exactement l'applicabilité des deux conceptions au tassement des milieux granulaires.
The Use Of An Electronic Computer For Slope Stability Analysis
Authors: Little A. L. , Price V. E. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis Sysopsis The application of an electronic computer to stability analyses of earth dams with pore-water pressure is described. The analyses are based on Bishop's (1955)1adaptation of the Swedish method. The presentation of the data to the computer and its method of working are described and there is a brief discussion on the advantages of using the computer and possible future developments. On décrit l'emploi d'une calculatrice électronique pour I'analyse de stabiliti: des barrages de terre á pression d'eau interstitielle.Les analyses sont fondées sur l'adaption Bishop de la m6thode suédoise. L'on décrit ensuite l'introduction des données dans la machineet les diverses operations, et I'on discute brievement des avantages que présente I'emploi de la calculatrice, et de ses developpements éventuels.
Some Uses of Stress and Strain Invariants in the Thermodynamic Study of Soil Moisture
Authors: Coleman J. D. , Russam Kenneth 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The Paper seeks to extend to a wider range of soil conditions the research already carried out upon the thermodynamics of soil moisture. The influence of the osmotic pressure of the salts dissolved in the soil water, the pressure in the pore air, and an applied general system of nine total stresses are briefly examined, in addition to the variables considered in earlier work. Use is made of the theory of dimensions to suggest that the invariants of both the stress and strain tensors could with advantage be employed in the study of soil moisture. The Paper concludes with a qualitative discussion of the probable performances of a wide range of soil types in the road subgrade, and subjected to diverse climatic conditions. Cet article cherche à étendre à une plus grande variété de conditions de sol, les recherches déjà faites sur les thermodynamiques de l'humidité des sols. En plus des variables traitées dans une étude précédente, on examine brièvement l'influence de la pression osmotique des sels dissouts dans l'eau du sol, la pression de l'air interstitiel et un système généale d'application de neuf tensions totales. On a utilisé la théorie des dimensions pour suggérer que les invariants des tenseurs de contrainte aussi bien que de déformation peuvent être utilisés avantageusement dans l'étude de l'humidite deś sols. L' article termine par une discussion qualitative des rendements probables d'une grande variété de sols types dans les sous-sols routiers, et soumis à diverses conditions climatiques.
An Interesting Form of Failure of an Irrigation Canal
Authors: Denisov N. Ya. , Bally R. -J. , Antonescu I. P. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis On the canals of an irrigation system situated in the Lower Danube Plain some failures have been observed in the form of cracks, settlement, and cavern formation, as well as the loss of large amounts of water. The soil strata under the organic topsoil consists of a fine, moist, silty sand, underlain by a fat, muddy clay, very fissured. Damage was often caused by the change in local moisture conditions and from the thinning or even removal of the top soil when canals were dug. Failures occurred as a consequence of the entrainment of fine sand by the irrigation water, which suddenly penetrated into the ground in large quantities, before entering the fissures of the underlying fat clay. Studies made of local conditions have established where such damage can occur.Recommendations for its prevention are given in the Conclusions. Les canaux d'un système d'irrigation situé dans la plaine du Bas-Danube ont subi de graves dégâts, tels que fissures, tassements, formation des cavernes, ainsi que des importantes pertes locales d'eau. La stratification présente, au-dessous du sol végéal, unecouche de sable fin, silteux, à faible humidité suivi par une argile limoneuse, très fissurée, douée d'une plasticité élevée. Les dégâts ont été favorisés par le changement des conditions locales d'humidité du sol et par l'amincissement ou même la disparition du sol végéal de l'éxecution des canaux. Ils ont été provoqués par l'entrainement du sable fin par l'eau d'irrigation, qui a pénetré en grandes quantités à travers le sol, arrivant ensuite dans les fissures de l'argile sous-jacente. Les études ont précisé les conditions dans lesquelles onteu lieu les dégâts, tenant compte de la situation locale, et ont établi quelques mesures pour les prévenir.