bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of technology management at the community college: The role of the chief information officer
Authors: Armstrong Scott , Simer Lauren , Spaniol Lee 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCommunity colleges provide a wide range of educational services to very diverse groups of students. For that reason, the variety and flexibility of services provided can be critical. In addition, quickly changing needs result in quickly changing system requirements. In this chapter, community college CIOs speak to their roles, focusing on the critical issues they face today and the approaches their institutions are taking to ensure preparation for a rapidly changing technological future.
Droplet Cluster – Analysis, Simulation and Visualization
Authors: Bart Hans‐Jörg , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Mickler Matthias , Jaradat Moutasem , Didas Stephan , Chen Fang , Hagen Hans 
Published: June 2011

AbstractModerne optische Messtechniken in Kombination mit Algorithmen der Bildanalyse erlauben es, komplexe Tropfencluster in der Extraktionskolonne messtechnisch zu erfassen. In Labor‐ und Technikumskolonnen werden Versuche durchgeführt, um Informationen zu Tropfenschwärmen in Abhängigkeit der Prozessparameter zu erhalten. Eine Erweiterung des Kolonnensimulationstools LLECMOD erfolgte von gerührten Kolonnen hin zu gepackten und pulsierten Kolonnen mit der Möglichkeit der freien Wahl der dispersen Phase und Stoffaustauschrichtung. Die CFD‐Simulation liefert die Grundlage zur dreidimensionalen Simulation der Hydrodynamik in gerührten Extraktionskolonnen. Eine vereinfachte Tropfenpopulationsbilanz (Eingruppenmodell) ermöglicht eine Bestimmung der Tropfengröße mit geringer zusätzlicher CPU‐Zeit. Eine verbesserte Visualisierung der Kolonnendaten im 3D‐Raum erlaubt es, gezielte Analysen des Apparateverhaltens durchzuführen.
CO2 Capture Technology – from Research to Large Scale Industrial Operation
Authors: Tönnies Inga , Garcia Hugo , Mangalapally Hari Prasad , Hoch Sebastian , Notz Ralf , Sieder Georg , Eck Bernd , Hasse H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDie Entwicklung der Post‐Combustion‐Capture (PCC)‐Verfahren vom Labormaßstab bis zur industriellen Anwendung wird vorgestellt. Der Weg führt von den physikalisch‐chemischen Grundlagen bis zu Anlagen in bisher noch nicht erreichten Dimensionen. Die Entwicklung wird unterteilt in eine Laborphase, eine Technikumsphase, eine Pilotanlagenphase und eine Demonstrationsanlagenphase. Die Forschungsaktivitäten in den einzelnen Phasen und deren Ergebnisse werden detailliert diskutiert. Mit den bis heute durchgeführten Schritten konnte gegenüber dem Standardlösungsmittel Monoethanolamin eine Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs um 20 % erreicht werden. Durch die noch ausstehenden Schritte sind weitere Optimierungen sowohl im Bereich des Energiebedarfs als auch bei der Anlagentechnik zu erwarten.
Scale‐up of Capillary Extraction Equipment
Authors: Mendorf Matthias , Agar David W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn order to fully exploit the outstanding mass transfer characteristics of liquid‐liquid slug flow in capillaries for technical extraction processes, it is necessary to employ numbering‐up to retain the underlying benefits of microscale operation. For optimal performance, each of the parallelized capillaries should be operated at the same flow rate, a similar phase ratio and with a single, uniform slug structure. Since the fabrication tolerances of microstructures make it difficult to construct distributors generating the uniform multiphase flow sought, a simple and affordable scheme for monitoring and regulating the slug flow in individual capillaries has been developed. The concept was implemented successfully for both simple aqueous‐organic biphasic flows and with more challenging systems exhibiting flow multiplicities as a consequence of viscosity changes.
Energy efficient authentication strategies for network coding
Authors: Apavatjrut Anya , Znaidi Wassim , Fraboulet Antoine , Goursaud Claire , Jaffrès‐Runser Katia , Lauradoux Cédric , Minier Marine 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYRecent advances in information theory and networking, e.g. aggregation, network coding or rateless codes, have significantly modified data dissemination in wireless networks. These new paradigms create new threats for security such as pollution attacks and denial of services (DoS). These attacks exploit the difficulty to authenticate data in such contexts. The particular case of xor network coding is considered herein. We investigate different strategies based on message authentication codes algorithms (MACs) to thwart these attacks. Yet, classical MAC designs are not compatible with the linear combination of network coding. Fortunately, MACs based on universal hash functions (UHFs) match nicely the needs of network coding: some of these functions are linear h(x1⊕x2) = h(x1)⊕h(x2). To demonstrate their efficiency, we consider the case of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although these functions can drastically reduce the energy consumption of authentication (up to 68% gain over the classical designs is observed), they increase the threat of DoS. Indeed, an adversary can disrupt all communications by polluting few messages. To overcome this problem, a group testing algorithm is introduced for authentication resulting in a complexity linear in the number of attacks. The energy consumption is analyzed for cross‐point and butterfly network topologies with respect to the possible attack scenarios. The results highlight the trade‐offs between energy efficiency, authentication and the effective throughput for the different MAC modes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant on‐board computing for robotic space missions
Authors: Zima Hans P. , James Mark L. , Springer Paul L. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes an approach to providing software fault tolerance for future deep‐space robotic National Aeronautics and Space Administration missions, which will require a high degree of autonomy supported by an enhanced on‐board computational capability. We focus on introspection‐based adaptive fault tolerance guided by the specific requirements of applications. Introspection supports monitoring of the program execution with the goal of identifying, locating, and analyzing errors. Fault tolerance assertions for the introspection system can be provided by the user, domain‐specific knowledge, or via the results of static or dynamic program analysis. This work is part of an on‐going project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycine Peptide Bond Formation Catalyzed by Faujasite
Authors: Phuakkong Oranit , Bobuatong Karan , Pantu Piboon , Boekfa Bundet , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe catalysis of peptide bond formation between two glycine molecules on H‐FAU zeolite was computationally studied by the M08‐HX density functional. Two reaction pathways, the concerted and the stepwise mechanism, starting from three differently adsorbed reactants, amino‐bound, carboxyl‐bound, and hydroxyl‐bound, are studied. Adsorption energies, activation energies, and reaction energies, as well as the corresponding intrinsic rate constants were calculated. A comparison of the computed energetics of the various reaction paths for glycine indicates that the catalyzed reaction proceeds preferentially via the concerted reaction mechanism of the hydroxyl‐bound configuration. This involves an eight‐membered ring of the transition structure instead of the four‐membered ring of the others. The step from the amino‐bound configuration to glycylglycine is the rate‐determining step of the concerted mechanism. It has an estimated activation energy of 51.2 kcal mol−1. Although the catalytic reaction can also occur via the stepwise reaction mechanism, this path is not favored.
Conformational Equilibria in Adducts of Alcohols with Ethers: The Rotational Spectrum of Ethylalcohol‐Dimethylether
Authors: Evangelisti Luca , Feng Gang , Rizzato Roberto , Caminati Walther 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe rotational spectra of two conformers of the molecular complex ethylalcohol‐dimethylether were measured with pulsed‐jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Both trans and gauche conformations of ethylalcohol are preserved in the complex, originating two conformations with dimethylether as the proton accepting unit. A switch of the conformational stability of ethyl alcohol is observed upon complexation with dimethyl ether, with the gauche form becoming the global minimum. The investigation of the OD deuterated species allowed observing quantitatively the Ubbelohde effect, which is the shrinkage of the O⋅⋅⋅O distance of about 6 mÅ upon H→D isotopic substitution of the hydroxylic hydrogen participating in the OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond.
Clinical Features, Prevalence and Psychiatric Complaints in Subjects with Fear of Vomiting
Authors: van Hout Wiljo J. P. J. , Bouman Theo K. 
Published: June 2011

Specific phobia of vomiting (also known as emetophobia) is a relatively understudied phobia with respect to its aetiology, clinical features and treatment. In this stage, research is mostly based on people with self‐reported fear of vomiting. This paper presents a survey on the clinical features of fear of vomiting of individuals. Self‐reported vomit‐fearful subjects from the Dutch community and from an Internet support group are included. Both vomit‐fearful groups were characterized by high reports of fear, the presence of panic symptoms, and by extensive avoidance and safety behaviours. They also reported other psychiatric complaints, which were measured with a structured screening instrument. Vomiting complaints started mostly in late puberty. A significant proportion of the vomit‐fearful participants had a treatment history. The prevalence rate of fear of vomiting in the community sample was established at 8.8% (female : male ratio = 4:1). Overall, results show that fear of vomiting is a common phenomenon, which can seriously impair daily functioning. Finally, clinical questions to be addressed in future research are formulated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Specific phobia of vomiting (also known as emetophobia) is among the least studied phobias.
Most clinical data come from research with self‐described fear of vomiting.
This paper presents data on the clinical features, prevalence and additional psychiatric complaints of fear of vomiting in two vomit‐fearful samples and one control sample with no fear of vomiting.
Estimates of prevalence of fear of vomiting in a Dutch community sample were established at 1.8% for men and 7% for women.
Evidence suggests that fear of vomiting is a chronic and disabling condition that may cause significant impairment in daily functioning.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the kidney: A diagnostic dilemma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Singh Charanjeet , Xie Linjun , Schmechel Stephen C. , Manivel J. Carlos , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEpithelioid angiosarcomas (EAS) of kidney are rare and aggressive tumors with noncharacteristic imaging features that overlap with those of inflammatory conditions and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings of a case of EAS that involved the left kidney of an 83‐year‐old male. The smears and cell block sections showed pleomorphic epithelioid cells with ample cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, occasional cytoplasmic hyaline globules, and rare intracytoplasmic lumina. Immunohistochemical stains performed on cellblock sections showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD31, CD34, Factor VIII, and CD10, but showed no staining for cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and 8/18, HMB45, CD45, smooth muscle actin, and S100. The morphological and immunohistochemical distinction between EAS, primary tumors of the kidney, and other epithelioid and rhabdoid neoplasms is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity in diabetes: the role of insulin aspart
Authors: Heller Simon , McCance David R. , Moghissi Etie , Nazeri Avideh , Kordonouri Olga 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDiabetes management is changing not only with novel treatments but also in patient demography. This presents clinical challenges and influences our view of diabetes therapies. Insulin analogues have been developed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional human insulins, with the aim of providing a more physiological pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. The rapid‐acting insulin analogue insulin aspart has been investigated in many clinical trials over the past 10 years and the aim of this review is to present the insulin aspart clinical trial data from across the spectrum of patients with diabetes. Five studies have looked at insulin aspart use (including continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) in children and adolescents, where the analogue was as effective and well tolerated as soluble human insulin. One large‐scale, randomized, controlled trial in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes observed trends towards a reduction in major hypoglycaemia, fewer preterm deliveries and lower birthweight with insulin aspart compared with soluble human insulin. Two 6‐month, randomized, controlled, multicentre, multinational, parallel‐group, open‐label trials reported significant reductions in haemoglobin A1c and major nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin aspart compared with soluble human insulins in patients with type 1 diabetes. There are fewer data involving insulin analogue use in hospitals and in elderly patients with diabetes, but some recent studies have investigated insulin aspart in the emergency department, intensive/non‐intensive care setting and in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in patients aged ≥ 65 years. In summary, the evidence would suggest that insulin aspart is suitable for use in a variety of patients with diabetes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organometallic cis‐Dichlorido Ruthenium(II) Ammine Complexes
Authors: Betanzos‐Lara Soledad , Habtemariam Abraha , Clarkson Guy J. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBifunctional neutral half‐sandwich RuII complexes of the type [(η6‐arene)Ru(NH3)Cl2] where arene is p‐cym (1) or bip (2) were synthesised by the reaction of N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine (dmba), NH4PF6 and the corresponding RuII arene dimer, and were fully characterised. X‐ray crystallographic studies of [(η6‐p‐cym)Ru(NH3)Cl2]·{(dmba–H)(PF6)} (1a) and [(η6‐bip)Ru(NH3)Cl2] (2) show extensive H‐bond interactions in the solid state, mainly involving the NH3 and the Cl ligands, as well as weak aromatic stacking interactions. The half‐lives for the sequential hydrolysis of 1 and 2 determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy at 310 K ranged from a few minutes for the first aquation to ca. 45 min for the second aquation; the diaqua adducts were the predominant species at equilibrium. Arene loss during the aquation of complex 2 was observed. Upon hydrolysis, both complexes readily formed mono‐ and di‐9‐ethylguanine (9‐EtG) adducts in aqueous solution at 310 K. The reaction reached equilibrium after ca. 1.8 h in the case of complex 1 and was slower but more complete for complex 2 (before the onset of arene loss at ca. 2.7 h). Complexes 1 and 2 were not cytotoxic towards A2780 human ovarian cancer cells up to the maximum concentration tested (100 μM).
Reduction of Nitriles to Amines with H2 Catalyzed by Nonclassical Ruthenium Hydrides – Water‐Promoted Selectivity for Primary Amines and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Gunanathan Chidambaram , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to amines by nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes derived from PNP pincer ligands is described. Aromatic as well as aliphatic nitriles are reduced to the corresponding primary amines. Hydrogen pressure influences the selectivity for the primary amines. The mechanism of nitrile reduction with nonclassical ruthenium hydride pincer complexes is investigated by DFT calculations. A catalytic cycle involving the coordination of nitrile trans to the pincer backbone after an initial hydride rearrangement at the ruthenium center, and the subsequent first transfer of the hydride ligand to the carbon center of the nitrile ligand is suggested as a possible reaction mechanism. Interestingly, the use of water as additive increases the selectivity for the primary amines and the rate of the reactions.
Synthesis of Optically Active Ferrocene‐Containing Platensimycin Derivatives with a C6–C7 Substitution Pattern
Authors: Patra Malay , Gasser Gilles , Wenzel Michaela , Merz Klaus , Bandow Julia E. , Metzler‐Nolte Nils 
Published: June 2011

AbstractConcurrently with the emergence of purely organic derivatives of the naturally occurring antibiotic platensimycin (1a), herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of both the enantiomers of a C6–C7 ferrocene‐fused platensimycin derivative 2b. (S,SP)‐ and (R,RP)‐2b were prepared in nine steps starting from commercially available 4‐ferrocenyl‐4‐oxobutyric acid via highly diastereoselective Michael additions of optically active planar‐chiral ferrocene‐fused cyclohexanone derivatives (5) with acrylate ester as the key step. Manual superimposition of (S,SP)‐2b on platensimycin bound to the active site of its target enzyme FabF suggests that the former fits nicely in the active site and the C6–C7‐fused ferrocene occupies a pocket similarly to the C8–C9‐fused tetracyclic cage of 1a. Antimicrobial activities of (S,SP)‐ and (R,RP)‐2b were tested against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Nonterminal Propargylic Amides to Substituted Alkylideneoxazolines and ‐oxazines
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas M. , Schmuck Martin , Rominger Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe substrate scope of the gold‐catalyzed cyclization of nonterminal propargylic amides to oxazolines and oxazines was investigated. Sixteen alkyl‐substituted and 35 aryl‐substited substrates were prepared by a very variable route from trimethylsilyl‐(TMS‐)protected, nonterminal propargylamines. Steric and electronic influences of the substituents on product selectivity were studied. A chloromethyl substituent on the alkyne shows an efficient 1,4‐elimination to deliver vinyloxazoles. A second alkynyl group, tethered to the alkyl group at the alkyne, in some cases led to a gold catalysis/Alder–ene domino reaction. With Barluenga's reagent the iodoalkylideneoxazoline can be formed in excellent yield. In contrast to the palladium‐catalyzed protocols, the gold‐catalyzed conditions for the cyclization of nonterminal propargylic amides are much milder, thus, for example, no special precautions are needed to prevent isomerization of the oxazolines to the aromatic oxazoles.
Ethanol production from grass silage by simultaneous pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation: First steps in the process development
Authors: Sieker Tim , Neuner Andreas , Dimitrova Darina , Tippkötter Nils , Muffler Kai , Bart Hans‐Jörg , Heinzle Elmar , Ulber Roland 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGrass silage provides a great potential as renewable feedstock. Two fractions of the grass silage, a press juice and the fiber fraction, were evaluated for their possible use for bioethanol production. Direct production of ethanol from press juice is not possible due to high concentrations of organic acids. For the fiber fraction, alkaline peroxide or enzymatic pretreatment was used, which removes the phenolic acids in the cell wall. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to integrate the enzymatic pretreatment with a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to achieve ethanol production from grass silage in a one‐process step. Achieved yields were about 53 g ethanol per kg silage with the alkaline peroxide pretreatment and 91 g/kg with the enzymatic pretreatment at concentrations of 8.5 and 14.6 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that additional supplementation of the fermentation medium with vitamins, trace elements and nutrient salts is not necessary when the press juice is directly used in the fermentation step.
Bioprocess monitoring and control via adaptive sensor calibration
Authors: Krause Daniel , Birle Stephan , Hussein Mohamed A. , Becker Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo ensure optimal product quality of bioprocesses, it is necessary to develop intelligent control systems with integrated monitoring of key parameters. Having optimal yeast propagation in brewing technology is important to increase the efficiency of subsequent processes. Major drawbacks are: lacks in online detection of yeast attributes and temporal control schemes. One solution is to accurately detect essential process parameters combined with expert knowledge of linguistic control mechanisms. Those needs can be fulfilled by fuzzy logic or state observers including process dynamics associated with accurate multivariate calibration of sensing devices. Ultrasonic‐based devices could monitor key parameter but their inline implementation is limited due to influences of the temperature and gas bubbles. Thus, incipient stages for calibration of the device including temperature dependencies using time and frequency properties of ultrasonic waves are presented. A multivariate model using offline measurements with a maximum prediction error of 0.48 g/100 g is reported in this study. Additionally, we show preliminary results of a mechanistic model for the temperature dependency of yeast growth adapted from the literature (biomass and ethanol production, substrate consumption). The results will lead to flexible control of temperature and aeration resulting in vital yeast and enhanced transparency of propagation progress according to the demands.
Sociability of female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Understanding evolutionary pathways toward social convergence
Authors: Pearson Heidi C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOn the northern tip of New Zealand's South Island, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) occasionally pass through Admiralty Bay in large, fast‐traveling groups of 100 or so individuals. Watching such a group race and splash through the water is reminiscent of a stampeding herd of ungulates, cetaceans' closest terrestrial ancestors. At other times, smaller social groups of bottlenose dolphins appear in the bay and provide a glimpse of the behavioral complexity that dolphins share with their distant relatives, the primates (Fig. 1). Despite being evolutionarily separated for 95 million years1 and evolving in vastly different environments, cetaceans and primates share striking similarities in behavior, socioecological problem‐solving, life‐history patterns, and cognitive capacity.2 By comparing attributes shared by primates and cetaceans, distraction from phylogenetic “noise” is minimized and our understanding of evolutionary pathways is enhanced. In particular, cetaceans provide a powerful outgroup for studying the evolution of primate social organization.
Linking genotypes, phenotypes, and fitness in wild primate populations
Authors: Bradley Brenda J. , Lawler Richard R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the decade since the first draft of the human genome was announced,1 genome sequencing projects have been initiated for an additional twenty‐some primate species. Within the next several years, genome sequence data will likely become available for all primate genera and for most individuals within some primate populations.2, 3 At the same time, gene mapping and association studies of humans and other organisms are rapidly advancing our understanding of the genetic bases of behavioral and morphological traits. Primatologists are especially well‐placed to take advantage of this coming flood of genetic data. Here we discuss what this new era of primate genomics means for field primatology and highlight some of the unprecedented opportunities it will afford, particularly with regard to examining the genetic basis of primate adaptation and diversity.