bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel route for immobilization of proteins to silica particles incorporating silaffin domains
Authors: Nam Dong Hyun , Won Keehoon , Kim Yong Hwan , Sang Byung In 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis, modified peptides called silaffin polypeptides are responsible for silica deposition in vivo at ambient conditions. Recently, it was discovered that the synthetic R5 peptide, the repeat unit of silaffin polypeptide without post‐translational modification, was capable of precipitating silica in vitro and at ambient conditions. Herein, chimeric proteins were generated by incorporating synthetic silaffin R5 peptides and related unmodified silaffin domains (R1–R7) from Cylindrotheca fusiformis onto green fluorescent protein (GFP) by recombinant DNA technology and their ability to cause silicification was also examined. GFP chimeric proteins showed silicification at very low concentrations (600–700 μg/mL) when compared with adding excess amounts of R5 peptides (10 mg/mL) as previously reported. Sensitive to pH conditions, only the GFP‐R1 chimera showed silicification activity at pH 8.0. The protein immobilization efficiencies of these chimeras were unexpectedly high ranging from 75 to 85%, with the R1 silaffin‐protein construct showing excellent immobilization efficiency and a constant molar ratio of silica to protein ranging from 250 to 350 over a wide pH range. The average silica particle sizes had a tendency to decrease as pH increased to basic conditions. This study demonstrated the production of nanoscale immobilized protein, fabricated via silaffin‐fused proteins. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Fluorene‐Based π‐Conjugated Oligomers for Efficient Three‐Photon Excited Photoluminescence and Lasing
Authors: Feng Xin Jiang , Wu Po Lam , Tam Hoi Lam , Li King Fai , Wong Man Shing , Cheah Kok Wai 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA novel series of diphenylamino‐ and 1,2,4‐triazole‐end‐capped, fluorene‐based, π‐conjugated oligomers that includes extended oligofluorenes and oligothienylfluorenes has been synthesized by means of the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling of 9,9‐dibutyl‐7‐(diphenylamino)‐2‐fluorenylboronic acid and the corresponding 1,2,4,‐triazole‐based aryl halide as a key step. It was demonstrated that efficient two‐ and three‐photon excited photoluminescence and lasing in the blue region are obtained by pumping near‐infrared femtosecond lasers on these materials. Although the absorption and emission maxima of the highly fluorescent and extended oligofluorenes reach a saturation limit, there exists an effective conjugation length for an optimum three‐photon absorption cross section in the homologous oligofluorene series. On the other hand, the multiphoton excited emission spectrum and lasing wavelength can easily be modified or tuned by an incorporation of thienyl unit(s) into the fluorene‐based π‐conjugated core with which exceptionally large three‐photon absorption cross sections up to 3.59×10−77 cm6 s2 in the femtosecond regime have been obtained, thereby highlighting the potential of this series of photonic materials. The optimized full width at half‐maximum of the cavityless three‐photon upconverted blue lasing spectra are sharply narrowed to approximately 6 nm with an efficiency of up to 0.013 %.
Using a new diffusivity model to accelerate the drying of biopolymer films
Authors: Brennan William , Briens Lauren , Briens Cedric , Zanin John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA model was developed to study the drying rate of biopolymer films. The diffusivity of water in this biopolymer film is an exponential function of the water concentration. This creates a situation where simply increasing gas velocity can decrease the actual drying rate.The model revealed that the main factor limiting the drying of the biopolymer film was a significant and rapid decrease in the diffusivity of water through the film as the film dried. To avoid this a pulsing scheme was proposed where the velocity of the drying gas would be varied during the experiment; this variation allowed for a compromise between a high overall drying rate and maintaining a high diffusivity within the film. It was found that the optimum combination of gas velocities was 0.8 and 0.6 m/s with a duration of 10 min at the high and low gas velocities.
Liquid‐particle surface properties on spouted bed coating and drying performance
Authors: Rocha S. C. S. , Donida M. W. , Marques A. M. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolymeric coating has been applied to particles for several reasons, which goes from enhancing product esthetics to control the release of chemicals. Spouted beds are among the equipments widely used to coat particles. Its choice is justified by the cyclic movement of the particles in stable spouting resulting in product homogeneity and good solid–fluid contact with high heat and mass transfer rates. Also, the spouted bed with inert particles is an alternative to drying pastes due to its low cost and applicability to low scale production. This work presents results of coating and drying efficiencies for different systems that combine 04 different solids and 03 formulations of suspensions. Materials having different surface tension were chosen and suspensions with varying surface tensions were formulated, resulting in different wettabilities (quantified by contact angles measurements). The results show the direct influence of these properties on the coating and drying performances.
Evaluating resistance coefficients of straight‐through diaphragm control valves
Authors: Mbiya B. M. , Fester V. G. , Slatter P. T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDespite the extensive use of straight‐through diaphragm valves in many diverse industrial applications, very few studies of frictional pressure loss for straight‐through diaphragm valves have been reported in the open literature. The few that are available are for fully opened valves based on the tacit assumption that different sized diaphragm valves are geometrically similar. In this study, the pressure drops across five straight‐through diaphragm valves were measured in four aperture positions. Resistance coefficients were determined by experimentally establishing pressure gradients upstream and downstream of the valves. The experiments were carried out using Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids over a wide range of Reynolds numbers with the emphasis on obtaining laminar flow data. The Hooper 2‐k correlation was corroborated and found to be valid at Reynolds numbers <10 for straight‐through diaphragm valves. At higher Reynolds numbers the resistance coefficient is shown to be dependent on the size and the opening of the valve. Three different approaches (domain separation, simple summation, and selective combination) using a two‐constant model to predict the experimental resistance coefficients were explored. Comparison of the correlations with experimental data and existing models has shown that the simple summation two‐constant model approach has substantial merit. Considering the complexities of accounting for the valve size, the valve opening position, the type of fluid over a Reynolds number range of 0.1–100 000, this model gives pipeline design engineers a simple, semi‐empirical correlation for the estimation of resistance coefficients of straight‐through diaphragm control valves.
Granular filtration for airborne particles: Correlation between experiments and models
Authors: Golshahi Laleh , Abedi Jalal , Tan Zhongchao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGranular filtration has been widely used for liquid filtration and hot gas filtration, but less is known for the filtration of airborne particles, especially the ultrafine ones, at the room conditions. A cylindrical packed bed was designed and tested for the filtration of particles in the range of about 10 nm to 15 µm in diameter at different configurations and kinetic conditions. Three sizes of uniform glass beads (2, 4, and 6 mm in diameter) were tested as the filtration media each at three media thicknesses (H = 2.5, 7.6, and 12.7 cm), and at two airflow rates (50 and 65 liters per minute). The filtration efficiencies were the lowest for particles between 0.1 and 1 µm in diameter. The particle filtration efficiency decreased with the increase in the granule size and the airflow rate, but a thicker bed corresponded to higher filtration efficiency. The experimental results showed much higher efficiency than existing models can predict, therefore, an empirical model using least square method is reported.
Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Protein Kinases: from Principle to Practical Applications
Authors: Lavogina Darja , Enkvist Erki , Uri Asko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBisubstrate inhibitors consist of two conjugated fragments, each targeted to a different binding site of a bisubstrate enzyme. The design of bisubstrate inhibitors presupposes the formation of the ternary complex in the course of the catalyzed reaction. The principle advantage of bisubstrate inhibitors is their ability to generate more interactions with the target enzyme that could result in improved affinity and selectivity of the conjugates, when compared with single‐site inhibitors. Among phosphotransferases, the approach was first successfully used for adenylate kinase in 1973. Since then, several types of bisubstrate inhibitors have been developed for protein kinases, including conjugates of peptides with nucleotides, adenosine derivatives and potent ATP‐competitive inhibitors. Earlier bisubstrate inhibitors had pharmacokinetic qualities that were unsuitable for cellular experiments and hence were mostly used for in vitro studies. The recently constructed conjugates of adenosine derivatives and D‐arginine‐rich peptides (ARCs) possess high kinase affinity, high biological and chemical stability and good cell plasma membrane penetrative properties that enable their application in the regulation of cellular protein phosphorylation balances in cell and tissue experiments.
Host–Guest Chemistry in the Hexanuclear (Arene)ruthenium Metalla‐Prismatic Cage [Ru6(p‐cymene)6(tpt)2(dhnq)3]6+
Authors: Barry Nicolas P. E. , Therrien Bruno 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA large cationic triangular metalla‐prism, [Ru6(p‐cymene)6(tpt)2(dhnq)3]6+ ([1]6+), incorporating (p‐cymene)ruthenium building blocks, bridged by 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinonato (dhnq) ligands, and connected by two 2,4,6‐tri(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (tpt) subunits, allows encapsulation of various guest molecules. This cationic cage, isolated as its triflate salt, possesses a portal size smaller than its cavity, thus allowing both, permanent and temporary encapsulation of guest molecules. The host–guest properties of [1]6+ have been studied in solution in the presence of planar molecules [phenanthrene, pyrene, (pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)amine, Pt(acac)2, triphenylene]. The stability constant of association (Ka) was estimated by NMR spectroscopy for the following host–guest systems: [pyrene1]6+, [phenanthrene1]6+ and [(pyren‐1‐ylmethyl)amine1]6+. All Ka values were found to be larger than 2.4 × 104 M–1 for these host–guest systems ([D3]acetonitrile, 21 °C). The other two synthesised complexes, [Pt(acac)21]6+ and [triphenylene1]6+, were shown to act as carceplexes only.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Aromatic and Benzylic C–H Bond Functionalization Upon Reaction between Nitriles and Perfluoroalkyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Macé Yohan , Urban Céline , Pradet Charlotte , Blazejewski Jean‐Claude , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe studied the thermal behavior of some intermediates formed by reaction of nitriles with perfluoroalkyl sulfoxides upon trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride activation. Bistriflate ketal 3, precursor of sulfilimine 1, may undergo a rearrangement to sulfanyl nitrile 5 after triflic acid elimination under thermal conditions. With p‐tolyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide, remote triflic acid elimination from intermediate 4 leads to benzamide 8 formation. These reactions involve, respectively, selective functionalization of the aromatic ortho C–H bond or the benzylic C–H bond para to the sulfoxide group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Three New Pregnane Glycosides from Marsdenia tinctoria
Authors: Gao Zhu‐Lin , He Hong‐Ping , Di Ying‐Tong , Fang Xin , Li Chun‐Shun , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Pei‐Ji , Li Shun‐Lin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThree new pregnane glycosides, tinctorosides A–C (1–3, resp.), together with one known pregnane glycoside, stephanoside B (4), were isolated from the stems of Marsdenia tinctoria R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral methods, especially 2D‐NMR experiments (1H,1H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC, TOCSY, HSQC‐TOCSY, and ROESY), and chemical evidence.
Development of temperature‐change sensor by thermoelectric elements and its response evaluation on dropping into water
Authors: Tanaka Katsuyuki , Yasuno Takuya , Higashi Yukihiro , Okuzaki Shunichi , Katakura Tatsuo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA temperature‐change sensor by thermoelectric elements that is directly connected to a p‐type element and an n‐type element was developed. A β‐FeSi2 thermoelectric semiconductor made by a spark plasma sintering method was used as a prototype sensor. Evaluation of this thermoelectric temperature‐change sensor was carried out by measuring its electromotive force when it was dropped into a thermostated water bath. It was confirmed that there existed a correlation between the temperature difference and the electromotive force of the sensor, i.e., approximately 5 mV of electromotive force was generated at a temperature difference of 30 K. In addition, the dependence of electromotive force on the size and properties of the thermoelectric elements was evaluated by carrying out FEM analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20268
Comparison of the influence of thyroglobulin antibodies on serum thyroglobulin values from two different immunoassays in post surgical differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Stanojevic Marijana , Savin Svetlana , Cvejic Dubravka , Djukic Aleksandar , Jeremic Marija , Zivancević Simonovic Snezana 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMeasurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a highly specific test in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare Tg levels in these patients found by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and to assess the influence of Tg antibodies (TgAbs) on the values obtained for Tg concentration. Both Tg and TgAb were determined postoperatively in the serum of 71 DTC patients using RIA Tg‐PEG (INEP) and Tg IRMA (CIS) for Tg, together with TgAb (CIS) for circulating endogenous anti‐TgAbs. The obtained concentrations were evaluated statistically. We found a significant difference of Tg concentrations between paired samples from the IRMA and RIA, although the intermethod comparison yielded satisfactory concordance of the twoassays (Spearman correlation coefficient −0.792). Positive TgAb was found in 28.2% of the serum samples analyzed. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between serum TgAb and Tg level measured by IRMA (P=0.02), but not by RIA (P=0.417). On the other hand, our clinical data revealed that 1/18 and 3/18 patients with proven lymph node metastasis had Tg values below the detection limit by RIA and IRMA assay, respectively. Their sera were TgAb positive. We concluded that RIA was less prone to influence of TgAb than IRMA. As the presence of TgAbs may interfere in Tg measurement irrespective of the method selected for determination, this should be considered during the clinical management of these patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:341–346, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of twenty rapid antigen tests for the detection of human influenza A H5N1, H3N2, H1N1, and B viruses
Authors: Taylor Janette , McPhie Kenneth , Druce Julian , Birch Chris , Dwyer Dominic E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwenty rapid antigen assays were compared for their ability to detect influenza using dilutions of virus culture supernatants from human isolates of influenza A H5N1 (clade 1 and 2 strains), H3N2 and H1N1 viruses, and influenza B. There was variation amongst the rapid antigen assays in their ability to detect different influenza viruses. Six of the 12 assays labeled as distinguishing between influenza A and B had comparable analytical sensitivities for detecting both influenza A H5N1 strains, although their ability to detect influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 strains varied. The two assays claiming H5 specificity did not detect either influenza A H5N1 strains, and the two avian influenza‐specific assays detected influenza A H5N1, but missed some influenza A H3N2 virus supernatants. Clinical trials of rapid antigen tests for influenza A H5N1 are limited. For use in a pandemic where novel influenza strains are circulating (such as the current novel influenza A H1N1 09 virus), rapid antigen tests should ideally have comparable sensitivity and specificity for the new strains as for co‐circulating seasonal influenza strains. J. Med. Virol. 81:1918–1922, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacteremia in febrile nonneutropenic pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Kelly Michael J. , Vivier Patrick M. , Panken Tali M. , Schwartz Cindy L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine the risk of bacteremia in a cohort of outpatient febrile nonneutropenic pediatric oncology patients and to assess clinical characteristics that may influence decisions regarding empiric antibiotic therapy.ProcedureA single institution retrospective cohort study was performed of outpatient pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever, a central venous catheter, and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ≥500/µl over a 6‐year period. We also collected data regarding the presence of clinically evident infections, antibiotics prescribed, and the sensitivity of bacteria to specific antibiotics.ResultsThere were 29 cases of bacteremia in 459 (6.3%) febrile outpatient visits by 167 patients. Bacteremia was documented in 4.4% of patients with ports and in 16.2% of patients with external catheters. Patients with external catheters had a relative risk of bacteremia of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8–7.4) times the risk of those with internal catheters (P < 0.0001). A documented source for fever on exam was noted in 21% of patients but in none of the patients with bacteremia (P = 0.004). Empiric treatment with ceftriaxone was administered to 92% of the patients. Of the high‐risk bacteremic infections (Gram‐negative organisms, Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus) 94% had at least an intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone.ConclusionsBacteremia is an important issue in febrile nonneutropenic pediatric oncology patients occurring in 6% of the patient visits in this study. The overall sensitivity of high‐risk bacteremia to ceftriaxone provides justification for its empiric use in outpatient febrile nonneutropenic pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:83–87. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacogenomic variations in treatment protocols for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yang Yung‐Li , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Chang Sheng‐Kai , Lin Shu‐Rung , Lin Shu‐Wha , Chiou Rong‐Jing , Yen Ching‐Tzu , Lin Kai‐Hsin , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Lu Meng‐Yao , Chang Hsiu‐Hao , Chang Wan‐Hui , Lin Kuo‐Sin , Hu Chung‐Yi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study evaluates the role of pharmacogenomic determinants in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the Taiwanese population.MethodsA total of 105 childhood ALL patients received combined chemotherapy of different intensities based on risk‐directed Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG)‐ALL‐93 protocols. Seventeen genetic polymorphisms in 13 pharmacogenomic targets were analyzed by PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probe hybridization. Pharmacogenomic polymorphisms were correlated with event‐free survival (EFS) of patients, with confounding effects adjusted by multivariate regression.ResultsThree polymorphic alleles in the multi‐drug resistance 1 (MDR1) ABCB1 gene, and homozygotic MDR1 2677GG, 3435CC, and 2677G‐3435C genotypes were highly associated with a significant reduction in EFS in those patients treated by the standard risk (SR) protocol (TPOG‐ALL‐93‐SR). The hazard ratios were 6.8 (p = 0.01), 21.7 (p = 0.009), and 6.8 (p = 0.01), respectively.ConclusionsIndependent pharmacogenomic determinants associated with treatment outcome were identified in subsets of Taiwanese ALL patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:206–211. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prion‐associated proteins in yeast: comparative analysis of isogenic [PSI+] and [psi−] strains
Authors: Nevzglyadova Olga V. , Artemov Alexey V. , Mittenberg Alexey G. , Solovyov Kirill V. , Kostyleva Elena I. , Mikhailova Ekaterina V. , Kuznetsova Irina M. , Turoverov Konstantin K. , Soidla Tonu R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA large group of prion‐associated proteins was identified in yeast cells using a new approach, comparative analysis of pellet proteins of crude cell lysates in isogenic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differing by their prion composition. Two‐dimensional (2D) electrophoresis followed by MALDI analysis of the pellet proteins of [PSI+] and [psi−] strains after prion elimination by GuHCl and prion transmission by cytoduction permitted identification of ca. 40 proteins whose aggregation state correlated with the change of prion(s) content. Approximately half of these proteins belonged to chaperones and to enzymes of glucose metabolism. Chaperones are known to be involved in prion metabolism and are expected to be present in prion‐containing aggregates, but glucose metabolism enzymes are not predicted to be present. Nevertheless, several recent data suggest that their presence is not incidental. We detected six proteins involved in oxidative stress response and eight in translation. Also notable is a protease. Most of the identified proteins seem to be prion‐associated, but we cannot exclude the possibility that several proteins may propagate as prions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic Properties of 4–6 nm-thick Glassy Carbon Thin Films
Authors: Manoharan MP , Lee H , Rajagopalan R , Foley HC , Haque MA 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Glassy carbon is a disordered, nanoporous form of carbon with superior thermal and chemical stability in extreme environments. Freestanding glassy carbon specimens with 4–6 nm thickness and 0.5 nm average pore size were synthesized and fabricated from polyfurfuryl alcohol precursors. Elastic properties of the specimens were measured in situ inside a scanning electron microscope using a custom-built micro-electro-mechanical system. The Young’s modulus, fracture stress and strain values were measured to be about 62 GPa, 870 MPa and 1.3%, respectively; showing strong size effects compared to a modulus value of 30 GPa at the bulk scale. This size effect is explained on the basis of the increased significance of surface elastic properties at the nanometer length-scale.