bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Patterning of Cumulative Biological Risk by Education and Income Among African Americans
Authors: Hickson DeMarc A. , Diez Roux Ana V. , Gebreab Samson Y. , Wyatt Sharon B. , Dubbert Patricia M. , Sarpong Daniel F. , Sims Mario , Taylor Herman A. 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. We examined the social patterning of cumulative dysregulation of multiple systems, or allostatic load, among African Americans adults.Methods. We examined the cross-sectional associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with summary indices of allostatic load and neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic, and immune function components in 4048 Jackson Heart Study participants.Results. Lower education and income were associated with higher allostatic load scores in African American adults. Patterns were most consistent for the metabolic and immune dimensions, less consistent for the autonomic dimension, and absent for the neuroendocrine dimension among African American women. Associations of SES with the global allostatic load score and the metabolic and immune domains persisted after adjustment for behavioral factors and were stronger for income than for education. There was some evidence that the neuroendocrine dimension was inversely associated with SES after behavioral adjustment in men, but the immune and autonomic components did not show clear dose–response trends, and we observed no associations for the metabolic component.Conclusions. Findings support our hypothesis that allostatic load is socially patterned in African American women, but this pattern is less consistent in African American men.
Racial Residential Segregation and Rates of Gonorrhea in the United States, 2003–2007
Authors: Biello Katie B , Kershaw Trace , Nelson Robert , Hogben Matthew , Ickovics Jeannette , Niccolai Linda 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. In the United States, Black persons are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea. Individual behaviors do not fully explain these racial disparities. We explored the association of racial residential segregation with gonorrhea rates among Black persons and hypothesized that specific dimensions of segregation would be associated with gonorrhea rates. Methods. We used 2003 to 2007 national STI surveillance data and 2000 US Census Bureau data to examine associations of 5 dimensions of racial residential segregation and a composite measure of hypersegregation with gonorrhea rates among Black persons in 257 metropolitan statistical areas, overall and by sex and age. We calculated adjusted rate ratios with generalized estimating equations. Results. Isolation and unevenness were significantly associated with gonorrhea rates. Centralization was marginally associated with gonorrhea. Isolation was more strongly associated with gonorrhea among the younger age groups. Concentration, clustering, and hypersegregation were not associated with gonorrhea. Conclusions. Certain dimensions of segregation are important in understanding STI risk among US Black persons. Interventions to reduce sexual risk may need to account for racial residential segregation to maximize effectiveness and reduce existent racial disparities.
A Call for Further Research on the Impact of State-Level Immigration Policies on Public Health
Authors: Hardy Lisa J. , Getrich Christina M. , Quezada Julio C. , Guay Amanda , Michalowski Raymond J. , Henley Eric 
Published: May 2012

Arizona’s Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, signed into law in April 2010, is already adversely affecting public health in the state. Our findings from a study on childhood obesity in Flagstaff suggest that the law changed health-seeking behaviors of residents of a predominantly Latino neighborhood by increasing fear, limiting residents’ mobility, and diminishing trust of officials. These changes could exacerbate barriers to healthy living, limit access to care, and affect the overall safety of the neighborhood. Documentation of the on-the-ground impact of Arizona's law and similar state-level immigration policies is urgently needed. To inform effective policymaking, such research must be community engaged and include safety measures beyond the usual protocols.
The Bittersweet Truth About Sugar Labeling Regulations: They Are Achievable and Overdue
Authors: Pomeranz Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2012

The recent Institute of Medicine recommendation to the Food and Drug Administration to include added sugar in a new front-of-package system provides new justification for reviewing outdated regulations pertinent to sugar and analyzing whether the government’s previous resistance to sugar labeling remains valid given new and robust science. I have provided an overview of US sugar consumption, its public health implications, and the science related to added sugar detection. I reviewed US and international sugar intake recommendations and suggested revised regulations to better inform and protect consumers. I concluded by noting new directions in the area of sugar research for future public health policy.
Vortex-Shedding Forces and the Fatigue Analysis of Offshore Structures
Authors: Walker S. , Brazier S. G. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a method of incorporating vortex-shedding effects into a finite element model of a steel jacket. Recent experimental evidence has indicated fatigue rates are greater than predicted by conventional fatigue studies only incorporating direct wave loading.
The forces due to vortex shedding have been considered with reference to a large steel structure in 300 feet of water in the North Sea. These vortex shedding forces have been found to be important because they are generated with frequencies much higher than the frequency of the wave producing them. This produces effective forcing at frequencies where the dynamic natural natural response of the structure is appreciable.
Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Data
Authors: Douna H. , Bavelaar B.M. , Pellikaan H. , Olivier B. , Pieters T. 
Published: May 2012

Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the preclinical data of neuroprotective agents for Parkinson’s
disease (PD) to support the translation of these compounds.
Methods: The study consisted of two phases. In phase I, Pubmed and Scopus were systematically searched for
neuroprotective agents for PD. In phase II, a systematic search was conducted for each substance identified in phase I.
Articles were included if they used MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone or paraquat injury models.
Results: Phase I led to the identification of 168 putative neuroprotective agents. Eventually ten compounds were included:
melatonin, estrogen, nicotine, caffeine, riluzole, curcumin, coenzyme Q10, aspirin, EGCG and resveratrol. Phase II
revealed 113 experimental studies and three reviews.
Conclusion: This study clearly depicts the preclinical data of ten promising neuroprotective agents. While some of these
compounds have already been tested in clinical use, none of them was studied in an appropriately designed trial to
determine a neuroprotective effect. In expectation of qualitatively improved neuroprotection trials, the data from this
study provide a firm foundation for future research.
Investigation of structure of milled wood and dioxane lignins of Populus nigra and Cupressus sempervirens using the DFRC method
Authors: Partovi Tayyebe , Massoudi Abdol , Mirshokraie Seyyed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, derivatisation followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) were used to investigate milled wood lignin (MWL) and dioxane lignin (DL) structures of Populus nigra and Cupressus sempervirens. After the DFRC reactions, the constituents obtained from these two kinds of lignin were recognised structurally using several chromatographic and spectral methods such as 13C NMR, GC-MS, and GPC. Comparative results showed that the dominant structural components of the two kinds of lignin are obtained from the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds. The main component of DL and MWL of P. nigra is 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-1-phenyl-γ-hydroxypropene (syringyl structures). Also, some guaiacyl structures were observed. The dominant component identified in both lignins of C. sempervirens is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-phenyl-γ-hydroxypropene (guaiacyl structures). The cleavage method has a good performance for both P. nigra and C. sempervirens and the results obtained are in good agreement with previously published data.
Simultaneous determination of metal traces by ICP-MS in environmental waters using SPE preconcentration on different polymeric sorbents
Authors: Holubová Zuzana , Moos Martin , Sommer Lumír 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with multielement profiling of microlements in the form of their isotopes 9Be, 51V, 59Co, 60Ni, 89Y, 111Cd, 208Pb, 232Th, and 238U. After their complexation by 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonic acid sodium salt (ALS), 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid (8-HQS), and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), the elements were preconcentrated and separated on Amberlite XAD-16 and Amberlite SDB-L prior to their analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Various parameters such as pH, eluent type and volume, presence of surfactants and volume, and matrix effects on the retention of analytes were examined. Relative standard deviation and recovery values for four replicate determinations under optimal condition were in the range of 0.2–3.6 % and 59–98 %. The proposed method was applied to the determination of elements in lake water sample and industrial water. Recovery experiments with spiked water samples were performed.
Solubility in the System (NH4)2S2O8—NH3—H2O and Mean Activity Coefficients of Saturated Solutions of (NH4)2S2O8
Authors: Balej Jan 
Published: May 2012

Solubility in the System (NH4)2S2O8—NH3—H2O and Mean Activity Coefficients of Saturated Solutions of (NH4)2S2O8The solubility data of ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous ammonia solutions at 15.5 °C have been evaluated using the relative activity coefficient expansion. Using the known value of the mean activity coefficient of saturated solution of ammonium peroxodisulfate in pure water, values of the mean activity coefficients of this salt in the saturated solutions of the given system have been calculated.
Utilization of electrochemical methods in determination of trace elements in beverages
Authors: Svítková Jana , Machková Martina , Šatkovská Petra , Cinková Kristína , Švorc Ľubomír 
Published: May 2012

Utilization of electrochemical methods in determination of trace elements in beveragesElectrochemical methods have many inherent advantages such as simplicity, low cost and amenability to miniaturization. A new, sensitive and selective electrochemical method for the caffeine determination using boron doped diamond electrode was developed. It was found by cyclic voltammetry that caffeine provided highly reproducible and well-defined irreversible oxidation peak, at very positive potential of +1.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. The effect of pH and scan rate on the voltammetric response of caffeine oxidation were studied to select the optimum experimental conditions. Linear response of peak current on the concentration in the range from 4 × 10-7to 2.5 × 10-5mol L-1, good repeatability (RSD of 2.1 %) and the detection limit of 1.5 × 10-7mol L-1without any chemical modifications and electrochemical surface pretreatment were observed by differential pulse voltammetry in 0.4 mol L-1perchloric acid. The effect of possible interfering compounds appeared to be negligible which evidently proved very good selectivity. The proposed method was successfully applied for the caffeine determination in commercially available beverage samples, with results in a close statistical agreement to these declared by manufacturer.
Influence of storage and microwave heating on stability of soya spread lipids with linseed content
Authors: Kreps František , Schmidt Štefan , Vrbiková Lenka , Szeifová Lucia , Tmáková Lenka , Sekretár Stanislav 
Published: May 2012

Influence of storage and microwave heating on stability of soya spread lipids with linseed contentWe have chosen to experiment with soya spreads containing linseeds, which enrich the spreads with essential fatty acids and valuable related substances. The soya spreads with linseeds represent an ideal combination for nutritionally valuable foods with health benefits. In this work we examined the influence of microwave heating and storage on stability of linseed oil and soya spread lipids. Industrially produced soya spreads (S1) with addition of 5, 7 and 10 % linseeds and linseed oil were stored without a protective atmosphere in refrigerator at 5 °C. The lipids of commercial soya spreads (S2) enriched with 2, 5 and 10 % ground linseeds and soya spread lipids (S2) without linseeds were microwave-heated. The data obtained from experiments have shown that the storing of linseed oil for 30 days in refrigerator has caused excess of the maximum acceptable peroxide value (Food Codex of SR). Microwave-heated lipids from commercial soya spreads (S2) enriched with 2 % ground linseeds have the best result of stability and protective factor, compared with lipids from 5 and 10 % linseeds enriching soya spreads (S2). After the 5, 10 and 20 min of microwave heating, the lipids of soya spread (S2) enriched with 2 % ground linseeds have the protective factor 1.02, 1.15 and 1.43 respectively, compared with lipids from soya spread (S2) without linseeds. The microwave heating for 5 min has been accompanied by a decreasing of hydroperoxides and by formation of secondary oxidation products.
Dermal exposure to chemicals - evaluation of skin barrier damage
Authors: Klimová Zuzana , Hojerová Jarmila , Lucová Marianna , Pažoureková Silvia 
Published: May 2012

Dermal exposure to chemicals - evaluation of skin barrier damage
Dermal exposure to xenobiotic compounds occurs on a daily basis in many humans, in intended as well as unintended ways. Serious skin problems are caused by household chemical products, mainly by strong anionic surfactants. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of two in vitro methods for evaluation of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) potential on skin barrier damage. Transdermal electrical conductivity (TEC) according to our design, and the method of in vitro skin permeability of indigotine as a chemical skin integrity marker were used. The TEC values across the skin membrane damaged with 5, 10 and 15 % aqueous SLS solutions for 1 h were 3.92, 5.79, and 7.29-fold higher respectively than the data of TEC across the intact skin membrane. The amounts of indigotine after 20 h permeation through the skin membrane damaged with 5, 10 and 15 % SLS were 2.48, 4.04, and 5.81-fold higher respectively than the measured amount of indigotine permeated through the intact skin. We consider that the measurement of TEC, especially, in combination with a suitable chemical marker can be simple, quick, safe and cost effective in vitro method for prediction the skin barrier damage not only by surfactants, but also for hazard and risk evaluation of other chemical compounds the human skin is exposed to.
Antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid cocci and production of organic acids
Authors: Hladíková Zuzana , Smetanková Jana , Greif Gabriel , Greifová Mária 
Published: May 2012

Antimicrobial activity of selected lactic acid cocci and production of organic acidsAntimicrobial activity and production of organic acids by selected lactic acid bacteria were monitored in this study. The largest antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms showed Pediococcus sp. G5, whereasStreptococcus thermophilushad no inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect ofPediococcussp. G5 was strongest againstBacillus subtilis(17.78 %). Lactococci inhibited the growth ofEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus(% of inhibition ≤ 5.25). The growth ofAsperglillus flavus, Penicillium funiculosumandRhizopus oryzaewas not inhibited by all of tested cocci. Cocci produced varying quantities of organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, etc.). Lactic acid was in large amounts and phenyllactic acid was produced only byPediococcussp. G5 (49.65 mg/L).
Extrême droite en Europe : une analyse géopolitique
Authors: Giblin Béatrice 
Published: May 2012

La montée électorale dès le début des années 1980 du Front national, créé en 1972, a fait de la France une exception en Europe. On sait que ce n’est plus le cas et que, dans nombre de pays européens, non seulement les partis d’extrême droite obtiennent désormais des scores comparables à ceux du FN, et parfois supérieurs, mais aussi que le système électoral leur permet de faire partie de coalitions gouvernementales, pour constituer des majorités de droite.	Le vote en faveur des partis d’extrême droite dans nombre de pays européens a pour cause principale le rejet de l’immigration musulmane, vue désormais comme faisant peser une menace sur l’identité nationale et les valeurs de la Nation. Dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation économique, rendue responsable des délocalisations des entreprises industrielles et donc du chômage, l’étranger sert de bouc émissaire. Ces ressorts communs à la montée de l’extrême droite en Europe n’effacent pas les particularités des situations nationales. C’est pourquoi nous avons choisi de présenter diverses situations européennes pour mieux les comprendre, sans oublier de nous intéresser à la Russie.
Les droites extrêmes et populistes dans les pays nordiques
Authors: Coulet Cyril 
Published: May 2012

Les élections législatives suédoises en 2010 et finlandaises en 2011 ont consacré la percée politique des formations populistes de droite qui disposent désormais d’une représentation dans l’ensemble des parlements nationaux des pays nordiques. Ces dernières ont fait du rejet de l’altérité leur thématique de campagne principale. Cet article ambitionne de saisir les conditions favorisant l’émergence de ces formations ainsi que leurs spécificités par rapport aux mouvements d’extrême droite. Les déterminants du vote pour ces partis laissent apparaître que la densité des migrants est moins significative que la capacité de médiatisation des conflits de valeurs entre les migrants et leur société d’accueil. L’étude des politiques publiques révèle que l’influence politique des partis populistes de droite est plus importante que prévu.
Le nouveau nationalisme en Russie
Authors: Mitrofanova Anastasia 
Published: May 2012

Le nationalisme classique, apparu en Russie à la fin du XIX e siècle à l’issue de la désagrégation de l’idéologie panslaviste, était paradoxalement non ethnique. Ses idéologues préféraient évoquer non pas la « race russe » supérieure par essence mais bien la « nation russienne » qui incluait toutes les ethnies de l’empire. En revanche, le nouveau nationalisme, qui naît après la Seconde Guerre mondiale sous l’influence du national-socialisme germanique, est clairement d’inspiration ethnique. Dans ce nouveau nationalisme il faut distinguer deux tendances majeures : des organisations radicales paramilitaires imitant l’idéologie et la symbolique du néonazisme européen ( cf. Parti populaire national), et des organisations modérées nationalistes non militarisées ayant pour but la conquête légale du pouvoir ou la quête d’influence sur le pouvoir en place. Ces nationalistes modérés sont apparus précisément afin de fédérer des couches larges de la population et des classes moyennes au détriment des radicaux et des marginaux, chasse gardée du nationalisme classique. Ils font de la lutte contre l’immigration illégale et musulmane leur cheval de bataille.
Governance for securing feedstock supply of biogas plants
Authors: Gold S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
As stocks of fossil fuels become harder to access and exploit worldwide, renewable energies as a sustainable option have entered the limelight in recent years. Bio-energy plays an essential role in the current mix of renewable energy technologies. In Germany, the state fosters insistently biogas technology within the concert of bio-energy options. Literature suggests that long-term stable economic ties with supplying farmers are the pivotal managerial challenge of bio-energy plant operators to secure a constant and competitively priced feedstock supply. Biogas plant operators are generally in a vulnerable position vis-à-vis their suppliers due to their substantial specific capital investment and a rather restricted economically viable catchment area. Transactional uncertainty due to volatile agricultural market prices, changing yield quantities, and unpredictable behaviour of suppliers makes biogas plant operators aim for effective governance. The study aims by means of in-depth interviews to explore how biogas plant operators perceive their specific situation of transactional uncertainty and which instruments (concerning formal and relational contracts) they use for securing stable and constant feedstock supply. Findings indicate that mutually reinforcing interaction of formal contracts, business partnerships, and equity participation with relational contracts proves to be successful in establishing long-term stable feedstock supply. While the specific rural societal culture has an ambiguous impact on governance design, local rootedness of biogas plant operators provide high levels of social capital and thus clearly facilitate the search for effective solutions that satisfy all parties.
CD23+CD21highCD1dhigh B Cells in Inflamed Lymph Nodes Are a Locally Differentiated Population with Increased Antigen Capture and Activation Potential
Authors: Moshkani Safiehkhatoon , Kuzin Igor I. , Adewale Funmilola , Jansson Johan , Sanz Iñaki , Schwarz Edward M. , Bottaro Andrea 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
CD23+CD21highCD1dhigh B cells in inflamed nodes (Bin cells) accumulate in the lymph nodes (LNs) draining inflamed joints of the TNF-α–transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis and are primarily involved in the significant histological and functional LN alterations that accompany disease exacerbation in this strain. In this study, we investigate the origin and function of Bin cells. We show that adoptively transferred GFP+ sorted mature follicular B (FoB) cells home preferentially to inflamed LNs of TNF-α–transgenic mice where they rapidly differentiate into Bin cells, with a close correlation with the endogenous Bin fraction. Bin cells are also induced in wild-type LNs after immunization with T-dependent Ags and display a germinal center phenotype at higher rates compared with FoB cells. Furthermore, we show that Bin cells can capture and process Ag-immune complexes in a CD21-dependent manner more efficiently than can FoB cells, and they express greater levels of MHC class II and costimulatory Ags CD80 and CD86. We propose that Bin cells are a previously unrecognized inflammation-induced B cell population with increased Ag capture and activation potential, which may facilitate normal immune responses but may contribute to autoimmunity when chronic inflammation causes their accumulation and persistence in affected LNs.