bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Departure from Monin–Obukhov Surface Similarity and Transition to the Convective Mixed Layer
Authors: Heisel Michael , Chamecki Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations are used to evaluate mean profile similarity in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Particular care is taken regarding the grid sensitivity of the profiles and the mitigation of inertial oscillations in the simulation spin-up. The nondimensional gradients $$\phi $$
ϕ
for wind speed and air temperature generally align with Monin–Obukhov similarity across cases but have a steeper slope than predicted within each profile. The same trend has been noted in several other recent studies. The Businger-Dyer relations are modified here with an exponential cutoff term to account for the decay in $$\phi $$
ϕ
to first-order approximation, yielding improved similarity from approximately 0.05$$z_i$$

z
i

to above 0.3$$z_i$$

z
i

, where $$z_i$$

z
i

is the CBL depth. The necessity for the exponential correction is attributed to an extended transition from surface scaling to zero gradient in the mixed layer, where the departure from Monin–Obukhov similarity may be negligible at the surface but becomes substantial well below the conventional surface layer height of 0.1$$z_i$$

z
i

.
Clinical breast exam contribution to breast cancer diagnosis in BRCA mutation carriers vs. average to intermediate risk women
Authors: Menes Tehillah S. , Zippel Douglas , Sklair-Levy Miri , Friedman Eitan , Bernstein-Molho Rinat , Faermann Renata , Madorsky Feldman Dana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The contribution of clinical breast exam (CBE) to breast cancer diagnosis in average risk women undergoing regular screening mammography is minimal. To evaluate the role of CBE in high-risk women, we compared BC diagnosis by CBE in BRCA mutation carriers undergoing regular BC surveillance to average to intermediate risk women undergoing regular breast cancer screening.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all consecutive screening visits of BRCA mutation carriers (January 2012–October 2022) and average to intermediate risk women (November 2016–December 2022) was completed. Women with histologically confirmed BC diagnosis were included. Additional CBE yield for BC diagnosis, defined as the percentage of all BC cases detected by CBE alone, was assessed in both groups.

Results
Overall, 12,997 CBEs were performed in 1,328 BRCA mutation carriers in whom 134 BCs were diagnosed. In 7,949 average to intermediate risk women who underwent 15,518 CBEs, 87 BCs were diagnosed. CBE contributed to BC diagnosis in 3 (2%) BRCA mutation carriers and 3 (4%) non-carriers. In both groups, over 4,000 CBEs were needed in order to diagnose one cancer. In all 3 BRCA mutation carriers BC was palpated during the surveillance round that did not include MRI. In the average to intermediate risk group, 2 of 3 cancers diagnosed following CBE findings were in a different location from the palpable finding.

Conclusions
The contribution of CBE to BC diagnosis is marginal for all women including BRCA mutation carriers. In BRCA mutation carriers, CBE appears redundant during the MRI surveillance round.
Teaching Race in Business Schools: The Challenges and Possibilities of Anti-Racist Education
Authors: Liu Helena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores anti-racist education in business schools amidst the backlash against critical race theory in an anti-Black world. I conduct an autoethnography of my experiences as a woman of colour and management educator who has attempted to bring critical discussions of race and racism into my classrooms. The article examines the barriers to anti-racist teaching in business schools and shows how they interweave individual/interpersonal, institutional, and ideological domains of power. Through my stories, I offer an account of the ways anti-racist education may be limited when it relies on the efforts of individual academics and reveal the tolls that anti-racist education can take on the educator, especially when they are navigating wider systems that are hostile to racial justice. By interrogating the challenges of anti-racist education, I also reflect on the practices and conditions that make meaningful anti-racist education possible.
Emulsions, dipsticks and membranes based on oxalic acid-treated nanocellulose for the detection of aqueous and gaseous HgCl2
Authors: Bastida Gabriela A. , Aguado Roberto J. , Fiol Núria , Delgado-Aguilar Marc , Zanuttini Miguel Á. , Galván María V. , Tarrés Quim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough cellulosic materials have been used as stabilizing agents for oil-in-water emulsions since the 1980s, their properties and the underlying mechanism are not universal regardless of the dispersed phase or of the treatments on cellulose. One case of unconventional organic phase is acetic acid-containing chloroform, which is known to be a good solvent system for the preservation of dithizone. In turn, dithizone is a long-known chromogenic reagent for the colorimetric detection of HgCl2. However, its usefulness is limited by its fast degradation in polar solvents. For instance, its dissolution in ethanol and the subsequent impregnation of paper strips allowed to quantify aqueous HgCl2 reliably and quickly (5.4 – 27 mg L–1), but only if they were used along the first 24 h after dip coating. Furthermore, those strips could not be used for sublimated HgCl2. The dithizone/chloroform-in-water emulsions presented in this work overcame these limitations. We opted for oxalic acid-treated cellulose nanofibers (ox-CNFs) as stabilizer, aiming at a proper balance between amphiphilic character and electrostatic repulsion. In this sense, ox-CNFs attained good gel-forming ability with a low content of carboxylate groups. The minimum ox-CNF concentration required was 0.35 wt%, regardless of the proportion of chloroform. This consistency implied yield stress values above 0.7 Pa. Nanocellulose also provided film-forming capabilities, which were exploited to produce visually responsive dipsticks and membranes. While quantification and reproducibility were hampered by the increase in the complexity of the system, dithizone/ox-CNF films were still a valid option for HgCl2 detection, outperforming solution coating in terms of stability, blank signal, and selectivity.
Active learning with biased non-response to label requests
Authors: Robinson Thomas S. , Tax Niek , Mudd Richard , Guy Ido 
Published: May 2024

AbstractActive learning can improve the efficiency of training prediction models by identifying the most informative new labels to acquire. However, non-response to label requests can impact active learning’s effectiveness in real-world contexts. We conceptualise this degradation by considering the type of non-response present in the data, demonstrating that biased non-response is particularly detrimental to model performance. We argue that biased non-response is likely in contexts where the labelling process, by nature, relies on user interactions. To mitigate the impact of biased non-response, we propose a cost-based correction to the sampling strategy–the Upper Confidence Bound of the Expected Utility (UCB-EU)–that can, plausibly, be applied to any active learning algorithm. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our method successfully reduces the harm from labelling non-response in many settings. However, we also characterise settings where the non-response bias in the annotations remains detrimental under UCB-EU for specific sampling methods and data generating processes. Finally, we evaluate our method on a real-world dataset from an e-commerce platform. We show that UCB-EU yields substantial performance improvements to conversion models that are trained on clicked impressions. Most generally, this research serves to both better conceptualise the interplay between types of non-response and model improvements via active learning, and to provide a practical, easy-to-implement correction that mitigates model degradation.
Imaging of foam concrete air bubbles with an alternative method of combined digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Celik Bayar Caglar , Onur Tugba Ozge , Ustabas Kaya Gulhan , Kunduraci Nazim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFive different foam concretes were synthesized and examined. A new hybrid optical sensor, called combined digital holographic microscopy (CDHM), was proposed by combining microscopic fringe projection profilometry and lateral shearing digital holographic microscopy to detect the pore radii of produced foamed concretes. It was applied in addition to SEM and has not been applied to foam concretes before. Thanks to the proposed method, it was revealed that the measured CDHM radii contained a relative error of less than 6% compared to the SEM radii. The pore radii increased as the % of foaming agent used in the samples increased. Accordingly, the sample densities decreased and thermal insulation properties enhanced. Two-layer quantum chemical calculations performed at the ONIOM (M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p):UFF) theoretical level showed that thermodynamic stability of foam concretes increased as the % of foaming agent used, or more precisely, the pore radius, increased. The CDHM method provides results close to SEM and has superior features such as being more cost-effective, cleaner and faster. For this reason, it is thought that the proposed method will lead to future studies in terms of measuring pore radii as an alternative to SEM.
Graphical Abstract
The combined digital holographic microscopy (CDHM) method is proposed as an alternative to SEM with a relative error of less than 6% in determining the pore radius of foam concretes.
The Association of Physiotherapy Continuity of Care with Duration of Time Loss Among Compensated Australian Workers with Low Back Pain
Authors: Gray Shannon E. , Tudtud Benedict , Sheehan Luke R. , Di Donato Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study are to determine how continuous the care provided by physiotherapists to compensated workers with low back pain is, what factors are associated with physiotherapy continuity of care (CoC; treatment by the same provider), and what the association between physiotherapy CoC and duration of working time loss is.

Methods
Workers’ compensation claims and payments data from Victoria and South Australia were analysed. Continuity of care was measured with the usual provider continuity metric. Binary logistic regression examined factors associated with CoC. Cox regression models examined the association between working time loss and CoC.

Results
Thirty-six percent of workers experienced complete CoC, 25.8% high CoC, 26.1% moderate CoC, and 11.7% low CoC. Odds of complete CoC decreased with increased service volume. With decreasing CoC, there was significantly longer duration of compensated time loss.

Conclusion
Higher CoC with a physiotherapist is associated with shorter compensated working time loss duration for Australian workers with low back pain.
Disparities in Postpartum Care Visits: The Dynamics of Parental Leave Duration and Postpartum Care Attendance
Authors: Keefe-Oates Brianna , Janiak Elizabeth , Gottlieb Barbara , Chen Jarvis T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To understand differences in the relationship between parental leave duration and postpartum care across sociodemographic and income groups.

Methods
We used data from six states participating in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s yearly PRAMS study from 2016 to 2019 with a total sample of 12,442 people. Bivariable analyses assessed demographics among those who took more or less parental leave and estimated the prevalence of not accessing postpartum care by demographics, stratified by leave length. We used propensity score weighting to estimate the predicted risk and risk ratios of not accessing postpartum care with < 7 as compared to > = 7 weeks of leave, stratified by income.

Results
There were significant differences in the prevalence of not accessing care stratified by leave duration, and disparities in utilization by race, ethnicity, and income. A shorter leave duration was associated with a higher risk of not accessing care (RR: 1.98 [CI 1.25–3.20] in higher income group, RR: 1.45 [CI 1.08, 1.99] in lower). The absolute risk of not accessing care was highest in the lower income group regardless of leave duration, though patterns of increased utilization with longer leave duration were consistent in both groups.

Conclusions for practice
While shorter leave durations increased the risk of not attending postpartum care, those with lower incomes had the highest absolute risk of not attending care. Policies to support paid leave and extended leave duration are necessary, along with additional supports to increase postpartum care utilization, particularly among low-income families.
Higher-order reductions of the Mikhalev system
Authors: Ferapontov E. V. , Novikov V. S. , Roustemoglou I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider the 3D Mikhalev system, $$ u_t=w_x, \quad u_y= w_t-u w_x+w u_x, $$

u
t

=

w
x

,

u
y

=

w
t

-
u

w
x

+
w

u
x

,

which has first appeared in the context of KdV-type hierarchies. Under the reduction $$w=f(u)$$

w
=
f
(
u
)

, one obtains a pair of commuting first-order equations, $$ u_t=f'u_x, \quad u_y=(f'^2-uf'+f)u_x, $$

u
t

=

f
′

u
x

,

u
y

=

(

f

′
2

-
u

f
′

+
f
)

u
x

,

which govern simple wave solutions of the Mikhalev system. In this paper we study higher-order reductions of the form $$ w=f(u)+\epsilon a(u)u_x+\epsilon ^2[b_1(u)u_{xx}+b_2(u)u_x^2]+\cdots , $$

w
=
f

(
u
)

+
ϵ
a

(
u
)

u
x

+

ϵ
2

[

b
1

(
u
)

u

xx

+

b
2

(
u
)

u
x
2

]

+
⋯
,

which turn the Mikhalev system into a pair of commuting higher-order equations. Here the terms at $$\epsilon ^n$$

ϵ
n

are assumed to be differential polynomials of degree n in the x-derivatives of u. We will view w as an (infinite) formal series in the deformation parameter $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
. It turns out that for such a reduction to be non-trivial, the function f(u) must be quadratic, $$f(u)=\lambda u^2$$

f

(
u
)

=
λ

u
2

, furthermore, the value of the parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
(which has a natural interpretation as an eigenvalue of a certain second-order operator acting on an infinite jet space), is quantised. There are only two positive allowed eigenvalues, $$\lambda =1$$

λ
=
1

and $$\lambda =3/2$$

λ
=
3
/
2

, as well as infinitely many negative rational eigenvalues. Two-component reductions of the Mikhalev system are also discussed. We emphasise that the existence of higher-order reductions of this kind is a reflection of linear degeneracy of the Mikhalev system, in particular, such reductions do not exist for most of the known 3D dispersionless integrable systems such as the dispersionless KP and Toda equations.
The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas
Authors: Cocina Díaz Virginia , Llorente-Marrón Mar , Dema Moreno Sandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocioenvironmental disasters are extraordinary occurrences which produce serious consequences for the impacted population. This impact is not immune to gender effects, as various studies has shown that after such a disaster there is an increase in economic inequality and the social vulnerability of women. Through the research reported in this article we have explored this issue in more detail, analysing the effects that the earthquakes that hit the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) had on gender relations, making comparisons between urban and rural areas. To examine the impact of these disasters, the data source employed was the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Using the Differences in Differences technique (DID), our results reveal that, although the whole population was affected by the disaster, the impact was more intense in households headed by a woman, especially those in rural areas.
Examining tools for assessing the impact of chronic pain on emotional functioning in children and young people with cerebral palsy: stakeholder preference and recommendations for modification
Authors: Smith Meredith Grace , Gibson Rachel J. , Russo Remo N. , Karanicolas Sophie , Harvey Adrienne R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To firstly identify tools for assessing the impact of chronic pain on emotional functioning in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP), and secondly identify suggestions to improve their relevance, comprehensiveness, comprehensibility and feasibility for the CP population. Improving assessment of the impact of pain on emotional functioning can enhance quality of life by improving access to interventions for pain-related physical disability, anxiety and depression.

Methods
Ethics approval was granted through the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (2022/HRE00154). A mixed methods study with people with lived experience and clinicians, and guided by the Consensus-based Standards for Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), was undertaken. An online survey identified the highest rated tools for validation and/or modification for young people with CP and chronic pain. Focus groups and interviews investigated content validity and feasibility of the tools identified as highest rated.

Results
The Fear of Pain Questionnaire for Children-SF (FOPQ-C-SF) and Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI) were the highest rated for pain coping and multidimensional assessment (respectively) from the online survey (n = 61) of eight tools presented. Focus group and interview data (n = 30), including 58 unique modification suggestions, were coded to six categories: accessibility, comprehensibility, feasibility, relevance, presentation and comprehensiveness.

Conclusion
Potential modifications have been identified to improve the appropriateness and feasibility of the FOPQ-C-SF and mBPI for children and young people with CP. Future research should implement and test these modifications, prioritising the involvement of people with lived experience to ensure their needs are met alongside clinicians.
Design and Development of Arduino-Based Four-Channel Data Acquisition System with Digital Temperature Control for Chemiresistive Sensors
Authors: Goyal Deepak , Patra Soumyabrata , Sapre Atharva , Kaur Manmeet , Ramgir Niranjan S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the design and development of simple and economical Arduino-based four-channel data acquisition system with digital temperature control that is suitable for sensor parameter optimization involved in the search of appropriate chemiresistive gas sensing material for a particular gas. The developed system is capable of simultaneously capturing the data as well as controlling the desired operating temperature (up to 300 °C) of four sensing elements. This is achieved by employing sixteen analog and digital channels of the Arduino nano microcontroller. The sensing circuit is capable of recording the resistance changes from 20 kΩ to 5 MΩ at a rate of 15 kHz. The developed system has been tested rigorously, validated and demonstrated for its effectiveness towards investigating the gas sensing properties of chemiresistive NO2 sensors realized using ZnO nanowires. The present simple and low-cost alternative finds its application for developing the target specific chemiresistive sensors in particular for investigating the gas sensing properties of metal oxide semiconductors.
Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion of ATI C103TM Refractory Alloy
Authors: Philips Noah , Rock Christopher , Cunningham Nicholas , Cooper Josh , Horn Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study investigated the use of electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) to fabricate niobium ATI C103™ alloy articles for microstructural characterization and mechanical testing. The feedstock powder was consolidated into low-porosity articles, and both powder and sample chemistry were monitored. Oxygen uptake in the powder was limited to less than the ASTM B655/B655M (2018) specification limits for 7 uses. Manipulating vacuum chamber pressure showed stable hafnium content but decreasing titanium content with decreasing chamber pressure attributed to evaporation. AM samples were evaluated in the post-processed, as-fabricated, annealed, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) condition with a maximum yield strength of 287 MPa, UTS of 375 MPa for the HIP, and maximum elongation of 32 pct for the annealed specimens, respectively. Mechanical properties are similar to typical wrought products, with a notable increase in yield strength after post-processing by HIP. The fracture behavior was driven by porosity in the as-fabricated specimens and grain boundary fracture after HIP.
Preparing Trainees to Rebound from Surgical Complications
Authors: Galloway Lan Anh S. , Luckenbaugh Amy N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this review, we aim to summarize the impact of surgical complications and adverse events on surgeons, including psychiatric illnesses. We evaluate current programs to develop trainee well-being and investigate research within the field of urology.

Recent Findings
Surgical complications and adverse events affect all surgeons, including surgical trainees. Research estimates that 80% of healthcare professionals have been involved in an event that affected them emotionally. These events can affect physicians in many ways, ranging from negatively impacting their quality of life to leading to psychiatric disorders such as acute stress reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder. Unfortunately, there is no standardized preparation to equip trainees to manage and rebound from the profound emotional impact of surgical complications.

Summary
Data in this realm is insufficient, especially in urology, and we need more research in order to better evaluate emotional implications of complications on trainees and how we can prepare trainees to handle them.
Reduced Late-Season Irrigation Improves Potato Quality, Often at the Expense of Yield and Economic Return
Authors: Gonzalez T. Francisco , Pavek Mark J. , Knowles N. Richard , Holden Zachary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith a rising global population and looming water shortages in the U.S., there is a pressing need for water-efficient farming methods. The water needs of potato plants decrease in the late season due to foliage aging and tuber maturation. Therefore, proper late-season irrigation is vital in preventing water waste and maximizing potato profits. This study assessed the feasibility of reducing late-season irrigation to improve crop water productivity (WPc), tuber quality, and economic return. Field trials were planted near Othello, WA, across three years (2018–20). Treatments included five irrigation levels (ILs), 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of modeled evapotranspiration (ET), and five potato cultivars: Alturas, Clearwater Russet, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Umatilla Russet. Treatments started 100 to 105 days after planting (DAP), approximately 1500 day degrees (at or near peak canopy growth), and ended at vine kill, 150 to 155 DAP. Water from reduced ILs of 40% to 80% ET was more efficiently converted into yield (WPc) for Alturas than higher ILs; however, economic return for all cultivars typically peaked when irrigation was supplied at or above 80% ET. Tuber quality generally improved with a reduction in irrigation level, occasionally at the expense of yield and economic value.