bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of the middle meningeal artery during unruptured aneurysm surgery: an independent risk factor for postoperative chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Kim Myungsoo 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAlthough microsurgical clipping for unruptured aneurysms has become safer and more efficient with modern neurosurgical advances, postoperative chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) persists as an underrecognized complication. This study investigated the association between preservation of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) during surgery and CSDH development.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 120 patients who underwent clipping for unruptured aneurysms at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital between May 2020 and July 2023. We evaluated the patients on the basis of surgical approach—lateral supraorbital (LSO) or standard pterional craniotomy—and the status of the MMA postoperatively. We employed pre-and post-operative MR angiography to assess MMA preservation and used follow-up computed tomography scans to monitor CSDH development.ResultsOf the 120 patients, 22 (18.3%) developed CSDH. Univariate analysis revealed that male sex, advanced age, and MMA preservation are risk factors for postoperative CSDH. Multivariate analysis supported these findings, indicating a significant association with the development of CSDH. MMA preservation was reported in 65 patients, of whom 60 and 5 underwent LSO and pterional craniotomy, respectively.ConclusionPreservation of the anterior branch of the MMA during unruptured aneurysm surgery is a risk factor for postoperative CSDH development. Advanced age and male sex also contribute to the increased risk. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into surgical techniques that could mitigate postoperative CSDH development.
The clinical meaning of lymphovascular invasion: preoperative predictors and postoperative implications in prostate cancer - a retrospective study
Authors: Karwacki Jakub , Łątkowska Małgorzata , Jarocki Michał , Jaworski Arkadiusz , Szuba Przemysław , Poterek Adrian , Lemiński Artur , Kaczmarek Krystian , Hałoń Agnieszka , Szydełko Tomasz , Małkiewicz Bartosz 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a pivotal histopathological parameter in prostate cancer (PCa), holding significant prognostic implications. Our study pursued a dual objective: firstly, to identify preoperative factors associated with LVI, aiming to unveil markers facilitating the recognition of patients prone to LVI during postoperative examination; and secondly, to assess postoperative outcomes correlated with LVI.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 861 nonmetastatic PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), investigating preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes. Surgical specimens were processed following established guidelines. Statistical analyses utilized non-parametric tests to assess the association between LVI and both pre- and postoperative factors. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses were utilized to develop models aimed at identifying the most significant predictors of LVI and pN1 status, respectively.ResultsNumerous preoperative factors exhibited significant correlations with LVI, offering valuable clinical insights. Logistic regression identified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based clinical tumor stage (cT) 3-4, biopsy Gleason Grading Group (GGG) 3-5, preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥20 and percentage of positive biopsy cores (PPBC) ≥50% as the strongest preoperative predictors of LVI. Additionally, the study uncovered an association between LVI and postoperative outcomes, including postoperative PSA (p value &lt;0.001), extracapsular extension (ECE) (&lt;0.001), positive surgical margins (PSM) (&lt;0.001), perineural invasion (PNI) (&lt;0.001), pathological tumor stage (pT) (&lt;0.001), pathological lymph node status (pN) (&lt;0.001), postoperative GGG (&lt;0.001), and operative time (0.023). Notably, the study revealed a novel and substantial association between LVI and an increased number of positive lymph nodes in pN+ patients in the univariate analysis (&lt;0.001). Furthermore, we have found an association between LVI and pN1 status in the logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 23.905; p &lt;0.001).ConclusionOur findings underscore the pivotal role of LVI in influencing the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The study acknowledges the challenges associated with preoperative LVI assessment and emphasizes the need for future research to unravel the factors associated with this histopathological finding. Significantly, our research stands out as the first, to the best of our knowledge, to reveal the association between LVI and the number of positive lymph nodes in pN+ patients.
Applying Generative Artificial Intelligence to cognitive models of decision making
Authors: Malloy Tyler , Gonzalez Cleotilde 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionGenerative Artificial Intelligence has made significant impacts in many fields, including computational cognitive modeling of decision making, although these applications have not yet been theoretically related to each other. This work introduces a categorization of applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence to cognitive models of decision making.MethodsThis categorization is used to compare the existing literature and to provide insight into the design of an ablation study to evaluate our proposed model in three experimental paradigms. These experiments used for model comparison involve modeling human learning and decision making based on both visual information and natural language, in tasks that vary in realism and complexity. This comparison of applications takes as its basis Instance-Based Learning Theory, a theory of experiential decision making from which many models have emerged and been applied to a variety of domains and applications.ResultsThe best performing model from the ablation we performed used a generative model to both create memory representations as well as predict participant actions. The results of this comparison demonstrates the importance of generative models in both forming memories and predicting actions in decision-modeling research.DiscussionIn this work, we present a model that integrates generative and cognitive models, using a variety of stimuli, applications, and training methods. These results can provide guidelines for cognitive modelers and decision making researchers interested in integrating Generative AI into their methods.
Case Report: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome as a cause of deep vein thrombosis and subsequent popliteal artery occlusion
Authors: Lee Sangho , Hwang Deokbi , Yun Woo-Sung , Huh Seung , Kim Hyung-Kee 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPopliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a relatively rare cause of arterial insufficiency in young and physically active individuals; however, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can develop in association with PAES.Case reportA 47-year-old man presented with a 6-day history of left leg swelling and discomfort which was diagnosed as DVT extending to the distal femoral vein and pulmonary embolism on computed tomography (CT). PAES was not suspected at this time, and the patient was administered anticoagulants for 1 year. Two years after the DVT diagnosis, the patient developed sudden-onset left calf claudication for 1 week. Repeat CT angiography showed popliteal artery (PA) occlusion caused by PA displacement from an abnormally lateral insertion of the medial gastrocnemius head. A retrospective review of the initial CT scan confirmed this, as well as compression of the popliteal vein between the displaced medial head and the normal lateral head of the gastrocnemius. The patient eventually underwent myotomy and resection of the PA with an interposition graft.ConclusionThis case underscores the potential of PAES as a rare etiology of DVT, emphasizing the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of DVT in younger patients lacking common predisposing factors.