bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Receptor for Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 in Monocytes
Authors: Mookherjee Neeloffer , Lippert Dustin N. D. , Hamill Pamela , Falsafi Reza , Nijnik Anastasia , Kindrachuk Jason , Pistolic Jelena , Gardy Jennifer , Miri Pegah , Naseer Misbah , Foster Leonard J. , Hancock Robert E. W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 has a broad range of immunomodulatory, anti-infective functions. A synthetic innate defense regulator peptide, innate defense regulator 1 (IDR-1), based conceptually on LL-37, was recently shown to selectively modulate innate immunity to protect against a wide range of bacterial infections. Using advanced proteomic techniques, ELISA, and Western blotting procedures, GAPDH was identified as a direct binding partner for LL-37 in monocytes. Enzyme kinetics and mobility shift studies also indicated LL-37 and IDR-1 binding to GAPDH. The functional relevance of GAPDH in peptide-induced responses was demonstrated by using gene silencing of GAPDH with small interfering RNA (siRNA). Previous studies have established that the induction of chemokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 are critical immunomodulatory functions in the anti-infective properties of LL-37 and IDR-1, and these functions are modulated by the MAPK p38 pathway. Consistent with that, this study demonstrated the importance of the GAPDH interactions with these peptides since gene silencing of GAPDH resulted in impaired p38 MAPK signaling, downstream chemokine and cytokine transcriptional responses induced by LL-37 and IDR-1, and LL-37-induced cytokine production. Bioinformatic analysis, using InnateDB, of the major interacting partners of GAPDH indicated the likelihood that this protein can impact on innate immune pathways including p38 MAPK. Thus, this study has demonstrated a novel function for GAPDH as a mononuclear cell receptor for human cathelicidin LL-37 and immunomodulatory IDR-1 and conclusively demonstrated its relevance in the functioning of cationic host defense peptides.
The Magnitude of CD4+ T Cell Recall Responses Is Controlled by the Duration of the Secondary Stimulus
Authors: Ravkov Eugene V. , Williams Matthew A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The parameters controlling the generation of robust CD4+ T cell recall responses remain poorly defined. In this study, we compare recall responses by CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells following rechallenge. Homologous rechallenge of mice immune to either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes results in robust CD8+ T cell recall responses but poor boosting of CD4+ T cell recall responses in the same host. In contrast, heterologous rechallenge with a pathogen sharing only a CD4+ T cell epitope results in robust boosting of CD4+ T cell recall responses. The disparity in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recall responses cannot be attributed to competition for growth factors or APCs, as robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recall responses can be simultaneously induced following rechallenge with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Instead, CD4+ T cell recall responses are dependent on the duration of the secondary challenge. Increasing the rechallenge dose results in more potent boosting of CD4+ T cell recall responses and artificially limiting the duration of secondary infection following heterologous rechallenge adversely impacts the magnitude of CD4+ T cell, but not CD8+ T cell, recall responses. These findings suggest that rapid pathogen clearance by secondary CTL following homologous rechallenge prevents optimal boosting of CD4+ T cell responses and therefore have important practical implications in the design of vaccination and boosting strategies aimed at promoting CD4+ T cell-mediated protection.
Critical Roles of Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein in the Homeostasis and TCR-Mediated Proliferation of Peripheral T Cells
Authors: Wu Peih-Shan , Yang Chia-Yu , Yen Jeffrey Jong-Young , Chou Chiang-Hung , Chen Sung Ho , Wang Chi-Kuang Leo , Lai Yein-Gei , Liao Nan-Shih , Yang-Yen Hsin-Fang 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is expressed throughout T cell development and prominently induced following T cell activation. However, its function(s) during these processes is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of TCTP before the β selection checkpoint resulted into a partial block of thymocyte development at the double-negative (DN) 3 stage. Deletion of TCTP in the double-positive (DP) stage did not cause any significant phenotype in the thymus except a slight increase of mature CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes. In contrast to the very modest phenotype observed in the thymus, a significant reduction of mature T cells was observed in the peripheral lymphoid organs of these two conditional null TCTP mutant mice. Detailed analysis revealed that the latter phenotype (peripheral T cell lymphopenia) was largely due to a decreased viability of mature TCTP-deficient (TCTP−/−) T cells. Transgenic expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 rescued the partial block of early thymocyte development, but not peripheral T cell lymphopenia of T-lineage-specific TCTP−/− mice, suggesting that the signaling networks of TCTP in these two processes are not identical. Last, we demonstrated that TCTP−/− T cells manifested a significant defect in T cell Ag receptor (TCR)-mediated cell proliferation. Further analysis revealed that such defect was due to a marked delay in the initial cell-cycle entry of TCTP−/− T cells following TCR stimulation. Together, these results indicate that TCTP plays a very modest role in thymocyte development, but is critical for peripheral T cell maintenance and TCR-mediated cell proliferation.
Telomere Shortening and Oxidative Stress in Aged Macrophages Results in Impaired STAT5a Phosphorylation
Authors: Sebastián Carlos , Herrero Carmen , Serra Maria , Lloberas Jorge , Blasco María A. , Celada Antonio 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Macrophages are an essential component of both innate and adaptive immunity, and altered function of these cells with aging may play a key role in immunosenescence. To determine the effect of aging on macrophages, we produced bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. In these conditions, we analyzed the effect of aging on macrophages without the influence of other cell types that may be affected by aging. We showed that telomeres shorten with age in macrophages leading to a decreased GM-CSF but not M-CSF-dependent proliferation of these cells as a result of decreased phosphorylation of STAT5a. Macrophages from aged mice showed increased susceptibility to oxidants and an accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In these macrophages STAT5a oxidation was reduced, which led to the decreased phosphorylation observed. Interestingly, the same cellular defects were found in macrophages from telomerase knockout (Terc−/−) mice suggesting that telomere loss is the cause for the enhanced oxidative stress, the reduced Stat5a oxidation and phosphorylation and, ultimately, for the impaired GM-CSF-dependent macrophage proliferation.
The Active‐Core/Active‐Shell Approach: A Strategy to Enhance the Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Vetrone Fiorenzo , Naccache Rafik , Mahalingam Venkataramanan , Morgan Christopher G. , Capobianco John A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNanoparticles of NaGdF4 doped with trivalent erbium (Er3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) are prepared by a modified thermal decomposition synthesis from trifluoroacetate precursors in 1‐octadecene and oleic acid. The nanoparticles emit visible upconverted luminescence on excitation with near‐infrared light. To minimize quenching of this luminescence by surface defects and surface‐associated ligands, the nanoparticles are coated with a shell of NaGdF4. The intensity of the upconversion luminescence is compared for nanoparticles that were coated with an undoped shell (inert shell) and similar particles coated with a Yb3+‐doped shell (active shell). Luminescence is also measured for nanoparticles lacking the shell (core only), and doped with Yb3+ at levels corresponding to the doped and undoped core/shell materials respectively. Upconversion luminescence was more intense for the core/shell materials than for the uncoated nanoparticles, and is greatest for the materials having the “active” doped shell. Increasing the Yb3+ concentration in the “core‐only” nanoparticles decreases the upconversion luminescence intensity. The processes responsible for the upconversion are presented and the potential advantages of “active‐core”/“active‐shell” nanoparticles are discussed.
Conjugated‐Polymer Blends for Optoelectronics
Authors: McNeill Christopher R. , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSolution‐processed polymer optoelectronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes and solar cells have many advantages for large‐area manufacture, and show increasing levels of performance. Here, we review recent progress in using blends of two conjugated polymers for optoelectronic devices. The blending of two or more polymers allows tuning of device performance, and for photovoltaics presents an attractive way to combine donor and acceptor materials with a morphology controlled by polymer phase separation. We discuss recent advances in imaging the microstructure of conjugated polymer blends, and we demonstrate how the blend structure leads to performance advantages in both LEDs and photovoltaic devices.
Carbon Tetrabromide/Sodium Triphenylphosphine‐m‐sulfonate (TPPMS) as an Efficient and Easily Recoverable Catalyst for Acetalization and Tetrahydropyranylation Reactions
Authors: Huo Congde , Chan Tak Hang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA solid complex, conveniently prepared from carbon tetrabromide and sodium triphenylphosphine‐m‐sulfonate (TPPMS), can be used as an easily recoverable catalyst for the selective acetalization of aldehydes and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols. The catalyst can be recovered by simple precipitation with ether and can be reused at least 7 times without loss of catalytic activity.
Kinetic Resolution of P‐Chirogenic Compounds by Palladium‐Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Itoh Hisashi , Yamamoto Eiji , Masaoka Shigeyuki , Sakai Ken , Tokunaga Makoto 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric alcoholysis of vinyl ethers of P‐chirogenic compounds has been achieved. The kinetic resolution of aryl tert‐butyl(2‐vinyloxyaryl)phosphinates was catalyzed by palladium/chiral diamine complexes with high selectivities (krel: 12–196).
Convection, diffusion, and exothermic zero‐order reaction in a porous catalyst slab: Scaling and perturbation analysis
Authors: Lopes João P. , Cardoso Silvana S. S. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe analysis of the interaction between transport phenomena and chemical reaction inside large‐pore catalyst particles needs to include intraparticular convection as an additional mass/heat transfer mechanism. In this work, we describe by a 3D regime diagram the global behavior of a permeable catalyst slab, where an exothermic, zero‐order reaction is occurring. An order of magnitude estimate for the maximum temperature change is obtained by scaling techniques in each regime of operation. Specific operating regimes of fast mass/heat transport, dominant reaction and strong intraparticular convection, are then studied in more detail using perturbation analysis. The results include approximate concentration and temperature profiles, which allow the estimation of both the effectiveness factor and maximum temperature attained inside the catalyst in these regimes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Principal component analysis for estimating population density from chord‐length density
Authors: Grover Martha A. , Barthe Stephanie C. , Rousseau Ronald W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe relationship between crystal population density and chord‐length density (CLD) is complicated and depends on the size and shape of the crystals. Although estimation of chord‐length density from the population density is relatively straightforward, the inversion of this procedure is problematic because the problem may be ill‐conditioned for nonspherical particles. The focus of this work is on this inversion process. Since the relationship is a function of the crystal geometry, this manuscript considers various nonspherical shapes, including highly challenging needles. We describe an efficient method to estimate the population density from a measured CLD, to analyze the inversion process, and to quantify its limits. Since noise is present in the actual Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements, the case of restoration of the population density from noisy CLDs also is demonstrated. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Radiative heat exchange modeling inside an oven
Authors: Dhall Ashish , Datta Ashim K. , Torrance Kenneth E. , Almeida Marialuci F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe 3D nongray radiative heat exchange in a near‐infrared commercial oven is modeled. The spectrum is divided into into four gray bands to model the narrow wavelength range in which the halogen heat source radiates, the wavelength dependence of the food surface emittance, and the absorption coefficient of the heat source cover glass. The model is used to estimate the heating of a cuboidal food sample for 1 min at different cyclic settings of a halogen radiant heat source. The model predictions agree with the experimental data, and capture the cover‐glass and the food‐surface temperature and heat flux histories very well. The band‐wise distribution of energy absorption by the food reveals the separate contributions from the source and the oven walls. Comparison of the heating rates between the measured non‐gray food‐surface and the different gray food‐surface emittance values establishes the necessity of the nongray treatment. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Preliminary evaluation of the performance of an adsorption‐based hydrogen storage system
Authors: Richard Marc‐André , Cossement Daniel , Chandonia Patrick‐Adam , Chahine Richard , Mori Daigoro , Hirose Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUsing modeling and thermal simulations, the feasibility of an adsorption‐based hydrogen storage system for vehicles is evaluated. The storage capacity of a 150 L tank filled with a high surface‐area activated carbon is mapped for temperatures from 60 to 298 K and pressures up to 35 MPa. The thermal simulations are verified using experiments. For a storage capacity target of 5 kg, the adsorption‐based storage system will offer a storage advantage over the cryogenic gas storage if the residual mass of hydrogen in the tank is retrieved by heating. For a discharge rate of 1.8 g/s, the required heat is of the order of 500 W. The net energy requirements for the refueling has contributions from compression, precooling and tank cooling and can approach that for liquid hydrogen storage. With a good insulation and a maximum tank pressure of 35 MPa, the dormancy period can be extended to several weeks. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Blast phase of essential thrombocythemia: A single center study
Authors: Passamonti Francesco , Rumi Elisa , Arcaini Luca , Elena Chiara , Castagnola Carlo , Zappasodi Patrizia , Bernasconi Paolo , Pietra Daniela , Pascutto Cristiana , Cazzola Mario , Lazzarino Mario 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBlast phase (BP) may occur as a late event in essential thrombocythemia (ET). This study includes 19patients with post‐ET BP diagnosed and followed in a single institution. At BP, 63% of patients had leukocytosis (white blood cell count >10 × 109/L), 74% had anemia (hemoglobin value <10 g/dL), 74% had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109/L), and 84% were over 65 years of age. Cytogenetic analysis was available in 10 patients: six had karyotype aberrations. According to cytogenetic‐based risk stratification of de novo acute leukemia (AL), all patients had an unfavorable profile. JAK2 (V617F) mutational status was evaluated in five patients. In two of them, the JAK2 mutation was undetectable in blast cells (one with JAK2‐positive ET), whereas in three both granulocytes and blast cells displayed the mutation. Treatment of BP was patient‐based according to the performance status and co‐morbidities and consisted of palliation in 14 patients, and of induction of remission in five. Median survival was 2.3 months (range 0.2–22.3), irrespective of the treatment received. In conclusion, this study indicates that AL evolved from ET has unfavorable clinical and biological features. JAK2 (V617F)‐positive ET may evolve in few instances into JAK2‐negative leukemia. The outcome of patients is poor whatever the treatment used. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost and mortality associated with hospitalizations in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Danese Mark D. , Lindquist Karla , Gleeson Michelle , Deuson Robert , Mikhael Joseph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is associated with low platelet counts and, consequently, a high risk of adverse events leading to hospitalization. However, there are few data on the clinical and economic burden of hospitalizations for ITP. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database of discharges, a stratified 20% sample of all United States (US) community hospitals across all payers, was used to evaluate discharges in ITP patients. We developed nationally representative numbers of discharges in ITP patients from 2003 to 2006 based on diagnosis codes. Using appropriate weights for each NIS discharge, we created national estimates of average cost, length of stay, and in‐hospital mortality for specific groups of ITP‐related hospitalizations. Approximately 129,000 discharges occurred between 2003 and 2006 in ITP patients. The average cost associated with all discharges in 2008 dollars was 16,476, with a 6.4‐day length of stay and in‐hospital mortality of 3.8%. In contrast, the average cost of all hospitalizations in the US population during the same period was 10,039, the average length of stay was 4.8 days, and in‐hospital mortality was 2.5%. Mortality risk was higher for ITP patients than for the standard US population adjusted for age and gender, with a relative mortality ratio of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4–1.6). On the basis of a nationally representative sample of US discharge records from 2003 to 2006, hospitalization with ITP represents an economically and clinically important event. ITP was associated with higher costs, longer stays, and more in‐hospital deaths on average than all other hospitalized patients combined. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term and long‐term failure of laparoscopic splenectomy in adult immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients: A systematic review
Authors: Mikhael Joseph , Northridge Kelly , Lindquist Karla , Kessler Craig , Deuson Robert , Danese Mark 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSplenectomy is a common therapy for adults with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Thisstudy was designed to estimate both the short‐term surgical non‐response rate and the long‐term relapse rate after laparoscopic splenectomy. A systematic review was conducted of articles published between January 1, 1991 and January 1, 2008. Selection criteria included: chronic ITP, study enrollment in 1990 or later, ≥12 months of follow‐up, ≥15 patients with ITP, ≥75% of patients at least 14 years of age, not HIV positive, not undergoing a second splenectomy, and type of performed splenectomy clearly reported. Data were pooled across studies to estimate rates. We identified 170 articles, of which 23 met our inclusion criteria (all observational studies). These studies represent 1,223 laparoscopic splenectomies (71 or 5.6% were converted to open splenectomy during surgery). The pooled short‐term surgical non‐response rate among the 18 studies reporting data was 8.2% (95% CI 5.4–11.0). The pooled long‐term relapse rate across all 23 studies was 43.6 per 1,000 patient years (95% CI 28.2–67.2). This translates to an approximate failure rate of 28% at 5 years for all patients undergoing splenectomy. Studies with shorter durations of follow‐up had significantly higher pooled relapse rates than studies with longer follow‐up (P = 0.04). Laparoscopicsplenectomy is effective for most patients. Splenectomy may have higher initial relapse rates, particularly, in the first 2 years after surgery, and the rate may decline over time. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life and use of red cell transfusion in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. A systematic review
Authors: Pinchon Deborah J. , Stanworth Simon J. , Dorée Carolyn , Brunskill Susan , Norfolk Derek R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe main treatment for many patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) remains red cell transfusion to attenuate the symptoms of chronic anemia. Fatigue can reduce a patient's health related quality of life (HRQoL), but there is little understanding of the optimal use of transfusions to improve this. A systematic review was performed to identify and appraise publications reporting the use of HRQoL instruments in patients with MDS. A total of 17 separate studies were identified that used 14 HRQoL instruments, but only one MDS disease specific HRQoL instrument (QOL‐E) was reported. Two well established HRQoL instruments were most often used in MDS research (variants of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30)). Several common problems were identified in the published literature including a lack of power calculations to detect clinically relevant changes, small sample sizes and significant attrition rates for completion of HRQoL assessments, all of which limit the strength of any conclusions. There is no consensus on the optimal transfusion regimen to improve HRQoL in transfusion‐dependent MDS. Future research into HRQoL within MDS is a pressing requirement. Studies should focus on the domains that are of most clinical importance to the patient as well as traditional quantitative changes of hemoglobin concentration. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.