bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nervous System of Procerodes littoralis (Maricola, Tricladida). An Ultrastructural and Immunoelectron Microscopical Study
Authors: Mäntylä Katja , Reuter Maria , Halton David W. , Maule Aaron G. , Brennan Gerard P. , Shaw Chris , Gustafsson Margaretha K. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the nervous system of a planarian, Procerodes littoralis, belonging to the taxon Maricola is described for the first time. The study has revealed the presence of two neuronal cell types and a glia‐like cell. Immunogold labelling with antibodies to two native flatworm neuropeptides—neuropeptide F and GNFFRFamide—has been localised to one neuronal cell type and associated processes and synapses, thus indicating its peptidergic nature. The ultrastructural features are compared to those of other investigated turbellarian species. The number of features shared by species from the Proseriata, Lecitoepitheliata and Tridadida show that in respect of the nervous system these taxa form a closely related group.
Genital Morphology and Copulatory Mechanism inZygaena trifolii(Esper, 1783) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)
Authors: Fänger Harald , Naumann Clas M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe coremata and male genital structures together with the associated muscles ofZygaena trifoliiare described and illustrated in detail. Of the female genitalia only the external parts are dealt with. The closure of the male coremata pouch was found to be effected by a special muscle. Mating pairs were quickly fixed while incopulaand dissected afterwards in order to examine the mechanism of copulation. It turns out that the female is held by the male at three points: first, the gonopods (= valvae) grip the female abdominal tip laterally. Secondly, the praephallus together with the everted endotheca (= vesica) are tightly locked inside the female ductus bursae. Thirdly, female postvaginal structures become evaginated and are then held between the spined anellus and the eighth abdominal tergum of the male.
Morphology of the Nephron in the Mesonephros of Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: Møbjerg Nadja , Larsen Erik Hviid , Jespersen Åse 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study deals with the morphology and ultrastruclure of the nephron in the mesonephros of the toad, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758). Based on serial sections in paraffin, Araldite and Epon, the position of the different segments of the nephron within the kidney tissue was determined, and a nephron subsequently reconstructed. The nephron consists of the following parts: Malpighian corpuscle, neck segment, proximal tubule, intermediate segment, early distal tubule, late distal tubule and collecting tubule. The late distal tubule was subdivided into three morphologically different sections. The total number of nephrons in the toad mesonephros was estimated at 6000 units. The length of the segments in the reconstructed nephron was calculated. The cytology of the epithelial cells constituting the segments was described using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Heterocellularity was found in the late distal tubule section I and III and in the collecting tubule. The proportional distribution and number of intercalated (mitochondria‐rich) cells in the late distal tubule and collecting tubule was calculated. Only one morphological type of intercalated cell could be distinguished. Late distal tubules were removed from fresh Bufo kidneys for preliminary studies of the intercalated cells with Nomarski optics.
The Fates of Spiracular Allostoses in Mammals
Authors: Bjerring Hans C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe human temporal bone includes an upper and a lower allostotic component, which are referred to, respectively, as the pars squamosa and pars tympanica in the adult and as the os squamosum and os tympanicum in the fetus. The consensus is that the former is descended from a cheek bone and the latter from a jaw bone in piscine osleolepipods. However, no corroborating evidence supports this view. It is concluded here that both these allostotic components of the human temporal bone derive from spiracular allostoses, except for the zygomatic process of the pars squamosa, this being a cheek allostosis that has been secondarily united with the squama. This is the first recognition of erstwhile spiracular allostoses in tetrapods. These conclusions challenge the widely accepted Reichert‐Gaupp theory as well as the oft‐alleged monophyletic status of the mammals and their derivation from therapsid reptiles.
A Quantitative, Comparative Study of Element Variations Found within the Range of Blood Cells from the Tropical Ascidian Phallusia philippinensis, using the Nuclear Microscope
Authors: Hogarth A. N. , Thong P. S. P. , Lane D. J. W. , Watt F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study examines the concentrations of vanadium, bromine and sulphur contained within cryofixed/freeze‐dried blood cells of the ascidian Phallusia philippinensis. Elemental profiles of seven cell types were obtained using the National University of Singapore nuclear microscope, in order to ascertain the cell types predominantly involved in accumulation. Morula cells were found to contain the following mean values (in ppm dry weight); 7878 vanadium, 34484 bromine and 61078 sulphur. Signet ring cells contained 5191 vanadium, 23945 bromine and 15281 sulphur. Compartment cells had 606 vanadium, 20700 bromine and 24309 sulphur. Other less abundant cell types such as lymphocytes, macrogranular amoebocytes, carotenoid pigment cells and granular amoebocytes were also analysed and found to contain (in ppm) 4384, 6652, 2366 and 10246 vanadium, 19652, 15630, 5964 and 11735 bromine and 13289, 15309, 3106 and 42968 sulphur, respectively. Sulphur occurred in high levels in all cell types, which could indicate its involvement in the vanadium concentration process, while bromine, incorporated into complexes, may be utilised for anti‐fouling rather than as a deterrent to predators.
The Ontogeny of the Nephridial System of the Larval Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum)
Authors: Stach Thomas , Eisler Klaus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThree developmental stages of Branchiostoma lanceolatum were examined by means of transmission electron microscopy. The development of the protonephridium‐like cyrtopodocyte from nearly undifferentiated (ento‐) mesodermal cells is demonstrated. The ultrastructure of Hatschek's nephridium in an early larval stage is described. The existence of a second filtralional barrier around the rod‐like microvilli of the cyrtopodocytes was confirmed. The mesodermal nephridium drains via an excretory canal which is possibly of ectodermal origin into the oral cavity. Cytotic vesicles in the canal cells suggest that the organ is functional in the earliest larval stages. The phylogenetic interpretation of the cyrtopodocyte is clarified as an autapomorphy of the acraniates derived from a podocyte with an apical cilium. The whole system is comparable to the pronephros of craniates and therefore represents a modified metanephridium.
Setal Structure and Chaetogenesis in Scolelepis squamata and Malacoceros fuliginosus (Spionidae, Annelida)
Authors: Hausen H. , Bartolomaeus T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Scolelepis squamata and Malacoceros fuliginosus two alternatingly arranged transverse rows of setae are found in each ramus. These are capillary setae in all thoracic setigers, whereas in abdominal setigers they may alternate with hooded hooks. In M. fuliginosus only the abdominal neuropodia bear hooded hooks, whereas in S. squamata these setae are present in both rami in the abdomen. Here every second seta (the capillary one) degenerates before its formation is complete, leading to a single row of hooded hooks. In the transverse rows new setae are formed in a medio‐lateral formative site in both species. Additionally in each ramus there exists one longitudinal row of capillaries which each possesses its own formative site. Ultrastructure and formation of the hooded hooks in S. squamata is very similar to that of hooded hooks in Capitellidae. The hood is preformed by a certain group of microvilli of the chaetoblast, which soon differentiates two layers of microvilli, raising an inner and an outer hood lamella. The hooded hooks and their arrangement are regarded as homologous characters in Spionidae and Capitellidae. This indicates a closer relationship of Spionidae with a taxon consisting of Capitellidae, Arenicolidae, Maldanidae, Oweniida, Terebellida, Sabellida, and Pogonophora.
Light Guides of the Escal Light Organs in Some Deep‐Sea Anglerfishes (Pisces; Ceratioidei)
Authors: Munk Ole 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe paper deals with the microscopic structure of tubular light guides in escal appendages of three deep‐sea anglerfishes, Oneirodes eschrichti, Phyllorhinichthys micractis, and Linophryne coronata. The bases of the light guides are located oposite to an aperture in the lightproof cup enclosing the escal light gland. The light guides have an axial light‐transmitting core enclosed by a tubular wall with an opening or window through which light is emitted. The wall consists of a layer of reflecting cells, in two of the three species supplemented by an outer layer of pigmented cells. The window either has a terminal position or is located in the light guide wall near its closed end. A special annular window, situated beneath an inverted cone of reflecting cells, is present at the flattened tip of the light guide within the distal appendage of P. micractis. In one of the species studied (L. coronata) it appears likely that a sphincter of smooth muscle cells may regulate the transmission of light from the light gland to the light guides.
On the Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta) and the Phylogeny of Phyllodocid Genera: a New Alternative
Authors: Orrhage Lars , Eibye‐Jacobsen Danny 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA reinvestigation of the central nervous system of the Phyllodocidae appeared necessary as the existing literature proved insufficient for detailed comparisons with other polychaete families. Many earlier opinions turned out to be quite contradictory, especially as concerns the morphological value of the anterior end appendages. In the present paper the microanatomy of the brain and the anterior ventral cord, as well as the innervation of, inter alia, the cephalic appendages, the nuchal organs and the alimentary canal of Eulalia viridis (main object of study), Eumida sanguinea, Pterocirrus macroceros, Sige fusigera, Eteone picta, E. foliosa, Phyllodoce groenlandica, P. longipes, P. mucosa, Paranaitis wahlbergi, Notophyllum foliosum and Nereiphylla lutea are described. The results are summarized in schematic diagrams and compared with corresponding observations on other polychaete families. Thereby, some earlier opinions about the nature of the cephalic appendages of the Phyllodocidae are strengthened while others are rejected. Most significantly, it is concluded that the so‐called ventrolateral antennae of phyllodocids are homologous with the palps of other polychaetes and the median antenna found in certain genera is homologous with the nuchal papilla found in most other genera of the family. These partly new or revised characters and character states formed the basis for a reconsideration of earlier ideas about the phylogeny of the Phyllodocidae: a new alternative.
The Homology of Cortical Microtubules in Platyhelminth Spermatozoa: a Comparative Immunocytochemical Study of Acetylated Tubulin
Authors: Justine Jean‐Lou , Iomini Carlo , Raikova Olga I. , Mollaret Isabelle 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpermatozoa of certain acoels, a group of primitive Platyhelminthes, and spermatozoa of the most derived Platyhelminthes, the Cercomeridea (parasitic Platyhelminthes), show a general morphological resemblance in that they are long filiform cells with two incorporated axonemes and longitudinal cortical microtubules. A possible way to test the homology of these cortical microtubules in the different groups is to analyze the presence/absence of post‐translational modifications of tubulin. An indirect immunofluorescence study showed that the doublet microtubules of the sperm axonemes are labelled by an anti acetylated‐alpha‐tubulin antibody in all groups, irrespective of the axoneme pattern (9 + 0, 9 + 2 and non‐trepaxonematan 9 + “1” in various acoels, and trepaxonematan 9 + “1” of the temnocephalid Troglocaridicola sp., the digenean Echinostoma caproni and the monopisthocotylean monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp.). Significant differences are found in the sperm cortical microtubules: they are acetylated in the acoel Actinoposthia beklemischevi, but not in the digenean E. caproni and the temnocephalid Troglocaridicola sp. These results suggest that the sperm cortical microtubules of the acoels are not homologous with the morphologically similar elements found in the higher Platyhelminthes.
Ultrastructural Study of the Brain of a Typhloplanid Flatworm
Authors: Bedini Celina , Lanfranchi Alberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe brain of Strongylostoma simplex shows the organization typical of the most evolutionary groups of free‐living plathelminths. Three types of neurons, two types of neurosecretory cells, and a certain number of glia‐like cells are present. Somato‐axonic synapses and axo‐dendritic contacts with a “spine apparatus”, like those described in vertebrates, have been identified. These two types of synapses have never been reported in other plathelminth brains. Local thickenings and dense bars attached to the presynaptic membrane are also observed, together with the paramembranous density common in many flatworm synapses.
Morphology of the Hagfish Inner Ear
Authors: Jørgensen J. M. , Shichiri M. , Geneser F. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe inner ear of five species of hagfishes was examined with different light and electron microscopical techniques. In all species, the labyrinth contains a single macula and two cristae, in a single semicircular canal. The macula consists of a horizontal, a middle vertical and a posterior horizontal component. Each component is covered by numerous round statoconia. The ring‐shaped cristae have very long kinocilia, but lack a proper cupula. The sensory epithelia show signs of regeneration, indicated by the presence of mitoses and apoptotic hair cells.
Interspecific Variation in Structural Organisation of the Spermatozoon in the Asian Bandicoot Rats, Bandicota Species (family Muridae)
Authors: Breed W. G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe structural organisation of the spermatozoon from two species of bandicoot rats Bandicota bengalensis and Bandicota indica was investigated by light and electron microscopy together with the effect of incubation in Triton‐X 100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate. The sperm head of B. bengalensis is invariably falciform, has a uniform electron‐dense nucleus capped by an acrosome with a posteriolateral equatorial segment, a subacrosomal cytoskeleton with a large rostral perforatorium, and a sperm tail, attached to the lower concave surface of the sperm head, with typical coarse fibres and fibrous sheath. By contrast, the sperm head shapes of B. indica are generally conical or bulbous, the nucleus contains a few large vacuoles, the acrosome lacks an equatorial segment, no recognisable perforatorium occurs, and the sperm tail, which is attached basally, is very short with only modest development of coarse fibres and fibrous sheath. These results indicate that, within the genus Bandicota, huge interspecific differences in morphology of the spermatozoon have evolved. The spermatozoa of B. bengalensis are similar to those of Rattus and many other murids and thus presumably represent the ancestral condition, whereas those of B. indica (and B. savilei) are unlike spermatozoa from any other eutherian mammal so far described. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Comparative Studies of Ovicell Anatomy and Reproductive Patterns inCribrilina annulataandCelleporella hyalina(Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida)
Authors: Ostrovsky Andrew N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInvestigations of the common boreal‐arctic cheilostomate bryozoansCribrilina annulataandCelleporella hyalinahave shown that the two species possess similar ovicell structures and reproductive patterns. Both species are characterized by frontal dwarf ovicellate zooids, that are female autozooidal polymorphs inC. hyalinaand simultaneous hermaphroditic autozooids inC. annulata. The latter species in addition has ovicellate autozooids of the usual type. Each ovicell is formed from a maternal zooid only, and its cavity is lined by the outer hemispherical fold (ooecium) and the distal zooidal wall. The coelomic cavity of the ooecium is separated from the body cavity of the maternal zooid by a transverse wall with simple pores. Each pore is closed by a cell plug, and the ooecia may be considered as kenozooids. Each oocyte is accompanied by a single nurse cell that degenerates after ovulation. The eggs are macrolecithal inC. annulataand microlecithal inC. hyalina, and the former species is a non‐placental brooder whereas the latter forms a placenta. Fertilization is precocious. Possible mechanisms of sperm entry as well as oviposition are discussed. The literature concerning ovicell structure and development in cheilostomates is analysed. It is proposed that the brood chamber of cribrimorphs evolved by a fusion of costae and a reduction of the daughter zooid in ancestral forms. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Fine Structure of the Mature Plasmodium of Intoshia variabili (Phylum Orthonectida), a Parasite of the Platyhelminth Macrorhynchus crocea
Authors: Slyusarev George S. , Miller Donald M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe fine structure of the mature plasmodia of Intoshia variabili, found in the kalyptorhynch flatworm Macrorhynchus crocea, was studied with transmission electron microscopy. As the Plasmodium matures it forms long finger‐like extensions inside the host. These extensions eventually take the place of the genital system of the host turbellarian. The mature Plasmodium is separated from the host tissues by a continuous membrane. The entire Plasmodium is surrounded by modified host cells, which are thin and overlapping. These cells also have a rather homogenous cytoplasm with limited endoplasmic reticulum. The surface of the Plasmodium is mostly smooth and has numerous small extensions. Within the cytoplasm of the Plasmodium, different stages of development of both males and females could be observed. The cytoplasm also contains numerous small nuclei with distinct nucleoli. Scattered throughout the cytoplasm, in addition to nuclei, are mitochondria, various granules, multivesiculate bodies with lamellar structures, and a large number of small vesicles. The nature of the formation of the Plasmodium is discussed. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Do public pensions matter for health and wellbeing among retired persons? Basic and income security pensions across 13 Western European countries
Authors: Esser Ingrid , Palme Joakim 
Published: April 2010

Esser I, Palme J. Do public pensions matter for health and wellbeing among retired persons? Basic and income security pensions across 13 Western European countriesInt J Soc Welfare 2010: ••: ••–••© 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare.Mortality rates suggest that elderly people in the advanced welfare democracies have experienced dramatically improved health over the past decades. This study examined the importance of public pensions for self‐reported health and wellbeing among retired persons in 13 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in 2002–2005. New public pension data make it possible to distinguish between two qualities of pension systems: ‘basic security’ for those who have no or a short work history, and ‘income security’ for those with a more extensive contribution record. For enhanced cross‐national comparison, relative measures of ill‐health and wellbeing were constructed to account for cultural bias in responses to survey questions and heterogeneity among countries in the general level of population health. Overall, better health is found in countries with more generous pensions, although the results are gendered; for women's health, high basic security of the pension system appears to be particularly important. Women's wellbeing also tends to be more dependent on the quality of basic security.
Should complete blood count be part of the evaluation of febrile infants aged ≤2 months?
Authors: Bilavsky Efraim , Yarden‐Bilavsky Havatzelet , Amir Jacob , Ashkenazi Shai 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTObjective:  To determine the utility and importance of total white blood cell count (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) as markers of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in hospitalized febrile infants aged ≤2 months.Patients and methods:  Data on WBC and ANC were collected prospectively for all infants aged ≤2 months who were hospitalized for fever at our centre. The patients were divided into two groups by the presence or absence of SBI.Results:  A total of 1257 infants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 134 (10.7%) had a SBI. The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67–0.78) for ANC, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.65–0.76) for %ANC and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.61–0.73) for WBC. The independent contribution of these three tests in reducing the number of missed cases of SBI was significant.Conclusion:  Complete blood cell count should remain as part of the routine laboratory assessment in this age group as it is reducing the number of missing infants with SBI. Of the three parameters, ANC and %ANC serve as better diagnostic markers of SBI than total WBC. However, more accurate tests such as C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin should also be part of the evaluation of febrile infants in these age group as they perform better than WBC or ANC for predicting SBI.
Neopuff T‐piece mask resuscitator: is mask leak related to watching the pressure dial?
Authors: Tracy MB , Klimek J , Shingde V , Hinder M , Maheshwari R , Tracy SK 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Aim:  The aim of the study is to compare mask leak and delivered ventilation during Neopuff (NP) mask ventilation in two modes: (i) with NP pressure dial hidden and resuscitator watching chest wall (CW) rise with, (ii) CW movement hidden and resuscitator watching NP pressure dial.Methods:  Thirty‐six participants gave mask ventilation to a modified manikin designed to measure mask leak and delivered ventilation for two minutes in each mode randomly assigned. Paired t‐tests were used to analyse differences in mean values. Linear regression was used to determine the association of mask leak with delivered ventilation.Results:  Of 7277 inflations analysed, 3621 were observing chest wall mode (CWM) and 3656 observing NP mode (NPM). Mask leak was similar between the groups; 31.6% for CWM and 31.5% (p = 0.56) for NPM. There were no significant differences in airways pressures and expired tidal volumes (TVe) between modes. Mask leak was strongly associated with TVe (R = −0.86 p < 0.0001) and with peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) (R = −0.51 p < 0.0001). TVe was associated with PIP (R = 0.51 p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  This study provides reassurance that NP mask leak is not greater when resuscitators watch the NP pressure dial. Mask leak is related to TVe. Mask ventilation training with manikins should include tidal volume measurements.