bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Property for Mystics? Considerations on Protecting Traditional Wisdom Systems
Authors: Trottier Rosanne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEfforts to protect, if not revitalize, intangible cultural heritage in its traditional communities, cannot succeed without due attention to issues of ownership—cultural, environmental, intellectual, economic … “intellectual property” categories in a wisdom system such as that of the Baul of Bengal show that Traditional Knowledge, Customary Law and Traditional Cultural Expressions are inseparable “property,” and that “ownership” should be understood on traditional terms. Within such an integrated continuum, knowledge itself is not limited to it modern meaning.Is it possible to bring about a true and equitable dialogue between radically antagonistic intellectual property universes—the modern one driven by profit, and traditional ones rooted in complex systems of multiple values?The death of a wise old one is the loss of a whole library—L. S. Senghor
The Age of Reform: A Defense of Richard Hofstadter Fifty Years On
Authors: Johnston Robert D. 
Published: November 2010

When we attend academic history conferences, it has become common to hold sessions honoring important books of the moment. This makes considerable sense, as authors get to engage with thoughtful critics in a process that, we hope, advances the discipline.What, then, might be the point of holding a session in honor of a book published long ago—indeed, one as ancient as fifty years old? The minimalist reason might be that we are historians, and so we naturally look to the past for interest and inspiration. That would make sense, except that historians, ironically more than scholars in related disciplines, tend to cannibalize their predecessors. Sociologists, of course, still actively engage Weber, Durkheim and Marx, and even—looking to the American midcentury— Richard Hofstadter's Columbia University colleagues, C. Wright Mills and Robert Merton.
Dude, You Are Speaking Romulan
Authors: Reddy Christopher M. 
Published: November 2010

During the height of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster, I joined a group of engineers and other scientists to discuss the evidence for an oil plume, at least 22 miles long and about a mile wide, floating 3000 feet beneath the surface of the Gulf of Mexico.As the chemist in the group, I wondered aloud about how we could exploit the aqueous solubilities of the petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes to understand plume formation. I suspected the key to knowledge lay in the plume's chemical properties.
AGU Members Visit Capitol Hill to Promote Earth and Space Sciences
Authors: Chell kaitlin 
Published: November 2010

Climate change, earthquake preparedness, rare earth elements, hydraulic fracking, and America's global competitiveness in science are among the science topics in policy headlines today. For legislators to create good policy on these and other topics related to the Earth and space sciences, they need access to good science, which is why AGU encourages its members to participate in Congressional Visits Days.On 21–22 September, 55 Earth and space scientists from 24 states brought their expertise to the U.S. Congress, in Washington, D.C., for the third annual Geosciences Congressional Visits Day (Geo‐CVD). AGU partnered with four other geosciences societies to bring a large scientific presence to Capitol Hill.
Obama Boosts Science Education During White House Student Fair
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2010

With the East Room of the White House flush with Nobel laureates and government officials, including freshly sworn‐in U.S. National Science Foundation director Subra Suresh, President Barack Obama honored dozens of students who participated in a White House science fair on 18 October. The fair—many of whose participants have won other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) competitions—is part of a series of events that culminated 23–24 October in the USA Science and Engineering Festival on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and at 50 satellite events around the country.“We welcome championship sports teams to the White House to celebrate their victories,” Obama said, noting that the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, New Orleans Saints football team, and others have been to the White House. “I thought we ought to do the same thing for the winners of science fair and robotic contests and math competitions, because often we don't give these victories the attention that they deserve. When you win first place at a science fair, nobody is rushing the field or dumping Gatorade over your head [in celebration].”
Environmental Protection Agency releases strategic plan
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2010

Five grand strategic goals are the centerpiece of a strategic plan released on 30 September by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The plan for fiscal years 2011–2015 outlines goals including taking action on climate change and improving air quality, protecting America's waters, cleaning up communities and advancing sustainable development, ensuring the safety of chemicals and preventing pollution, and enforcing environmental laws.“We will continue to affirm the core values of science, transparency, and the rule of law in addressing these priorities. These are the most urgent issues we must confront through 2015,” EPA administrator Lisa Jackson wrote in the plan. For more information, visit http://www.epa.gov/ocfo/plan/ 2015/ FY2011_2015_EPA_Strategic_Plan.pdf.
New AGU Mass Media Fellow Initiated College Science Communication Course
Authors: Weiss Peter 
Published: November 2010

Marissa Weiss, this year's AGU Mass Media Fellow, feels so strongly about communicating science that she and a fellow graduate student started a course on the subject. Three years ago, she and the other student in the biogeochemistry and environmental biocomplexity program at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., developed—with the aid of mentors—a semester‐long science communication class.The course has since become a regular offering at Cornell, where Weiss defended her dissertation in ecology this past August. A soil ecologist, Weiss showed in her thesis research that nitrogen pollution can cause slowing of soil decomposition because of a declining abundance of microbes that break the soil down.
Connecting Carbon Capture with Oceanic Biomass Production
Authors: Wang Chen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe climate change believed by anthropogenic emission is not isolated but tightly coupled with other issues including biodiversity loss and ocean acidification etc., and in order to prevent the potential serious impacts, both political and technological methods are being tried for greenhouse mitigation. Dimming the income sunlight by some “geoengineering” approaches currently seem ruinously expensive and technically difficult, and would not prevent the increase of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere and ocean acidification, so capturing carbon to reduce the environmental concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and promoting renewable energy development for the reduction of using fossil fuels are very necessary. Biofuels derived from natural and agricultural biomass could be deployed for power production and existing transportation needs. The current economics are more favorable for conversion of edible biomass into biofuels, which could spend plenty of freshwater and farmlands, compete with food supply, and create a “carbon debt” with local ecosystem destruction by deforestation to expand biofuel-crop production. So it is vital to develop processes for converting non-edible feedstock such as lignocellulose and microalgae into biofuels.Compared with lignocellulose, microalgae have higher growth rates, don’t need plenteous freshwater for irrigating, and can grow in the conditions that are not favorable for terrestrial biomass growth. The current limitation of microalgal biofuels is the microalgae cultivation cost, and to compensate the high cost of microalgal biofuels, three suggestions are propounded here. (i) Using ships as the platforms of cultivating microalgae, producing biofuels, and transporting feedstock and products on a large scale on subtropical oligotrophic oceans, where the ocean’s least productive waters are formed with compared peaceful surface condition and poor marine communities. (ii) Operating different kinds of oceanic biomass productions for high-value products to compensate the cost of microalgal biofuels. Different kinds of microalgae and macroalgae (seaweeds) could be cultivated for biofuels, chemicals, healthy food, and feed for breeding economic marine species to satisfy the accelerating demands for seafood supply and simultaneously mitigate the fast decline of wild stocks. (iii) Constituting financial subsidies to make CO2 as the feedstock of microalgae cultivation for free, and exact quantifying the carbon captured in biomass products and the CO2 reduction that these products would provide by displacing natural and nonrenewable carbon resources, to take part in the international carbon-credit trading markets and sell the offsets. In a word, this article mainly talks about trying to find a way that connect CO2 capture with renewable energy development, and partially combat against deforestation, loss of biodiversity, shortage of food, and decline of marine lives etc., if possible.
Growth temperature and phenotypic plasticity in twoDrosophilasibling species: probable adaptive changes in flight capacities
Authors: Pétavy G. , Morin J. P. , Moreteau B. , David J. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the sibling speciesDrosophila melanogasterandD. simulans, growth and development at constant temperatures, from 12 to 30 °C, resulted in extensive variations of adult size and flight parameters with significant differences between species. Changes in body weight, thorax length and wing length were nonlinear, with maximum values of each trait at lower temperatures forD. simulansthan for its sibling species. By contrast, the wing/thorax ratio and the wing loading varied monotonically with growth temperature. These traits were negatively correlated, the wing/thorax ratio decreasing with growth temperature while the wing loading increased. Wing/thorax ratio, which is easier to measure, thus appears as a convenient predictor of wing loading. During tethered flight at the same ambient temperature, the wingbeat frequency changed linearly as a function of the wing moment of inertia. More interestingly, the beat rate was strongly correlated with the increase of wing loading at growth temperature above 13 °C. The likely adaptive significance of these morphometrical changes for flight efficiency is discussed.
Deposition of Lignin, Suberin and Callose in Relation to the Restriction of Infection by Botrytis cinerea in Ghost Spots of Tomato Fruits
Authors: Leeuw G. T. N. De 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe defence reaction of young tomato fruits to infection by B. cinerea appeared to consist of necrosis and collapse of epidermal cells followed by a high cambial activity of the underlying parenchymatous cells. Shortly after infection, deposits of callose and suberin were detected along the walls of cells bordering the necrotic area, possibly restricting fungal invasion. Lignification of cell walls could not be demonstrated. The majority of ghost spots tested failed to yield B. cinerea. The germ tubes may actually die after penetration, due to desiccation.ZusammenfassungDie Abwehrreaktion junger Tomatenfrüchte gegen B. cinerea besteht aus einer Nekrose und einem Zusammenbruch epidermaler Zellen, gefolgt von einer hohen Kambialaktivität der unterliegenden parenchymatischen Zellen. Kurz nach der Infektion wurden Ablagerungen von Kallose und Suberin an den an der nekrotischen Fläche grenzenden Zellwänden nachgewiesen, was wahrscheinlich die Invasion in das gesunde Gewebe vermindert. Lignifikation von Zellwänden konnte nicht festgestellt werden. B. cinerea konnte fast nicht aus „ghost spots” isoliert werden. Die Keimschläuche können nach der Infizierung aufgrund von Austrocknen tatsächlich absterben.
Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Macrophomina phaseolina in a Root‐Rot Disease Complex of French Bean
Authors: Al‐Hazmi Ahmad S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEffects of Meloidogyne incognita and Macrophomina phaseolina on root‐rot of two cultivars of French bean were examined in a greenhouse experiment. Severity of Macrophomina root‐rot increased by 54.5, 94.6, and 9.6% when both pathogens were introduced simultaneously, the nematode first by 2 weeks, and the fungus first by 2 weeks, respectively. Nematode infection and reproduction was adversely affected when the fungus was introduced first. Cultivar “Harvester” was more tolerant to both pathogens and less susceptible to the nematode than “Romano Italian”.ZusammenfassungIn einem Gewächshausversuch wurden die Auswirkungen von Meloidogyne incognita und Macrophomina phaseolina auf die Wurzelfäule von zwei Gartenbohnensorten untersucht. Die Schwere der Macrophomina‐ Wurzelfäule erhöhte sich um 54,5, 94,6 und 9,6% wenn beide Pathogene gleichzeitig, der Nematode zuerst für 2 Wochen, beziehungsweise der Pilz zuerst für 2 Wochen, eingesetzt wurden. Die Nematodeninfektion und ‐reproduktion wurde gegenteilig beeinfluβt, nachdem der Pilz zuerst eingesetzt wurde. Die Sorte “Harvester” war gegenüber beiden Pathogenen toleranter und weniger anfällig gegenüber dem Nematoden als die Sorte “Romano Italian”.
Dedifferenzierung der Appressorien von Botrytis cinerea Pers. unter Bildung von Mikrokonidien — Relation zur Resistenz von Lycopersicon spp. gegen B. cinerea
Authors: Urbasch I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDedifferentiation of the appressoria of Botrytis cinerea Pers. by formation of microconidia — Relation to resistance of Lycopersicon spp. to B. cinereaThe dedifferentiation of the appressoria of Botrytis cinerea Pers. by formation of microconidia on cultivated and wild tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, L. hirsutum, L. glandulosum, L. peruvianum) and on artificial surfaces (cover‐glasses) was investigated.The dedifferentiation proceeded by production of microconidia directly on the appressoria or by terminally and laterally outgrowing hyphae and their subsequent formation of microconidia.After inoculation of Lycopersicon spp. with B. cinerea the intensity of the appressoria dedifferentiation was directly and positively correlated with the degree of resistance of the plants. The appressoria lost their function and the infection process at the site of interaction was interrupted. Microconidia thus formed were not capable of germination and infection under the present conditions.The dedifferentiation of the appressoria on cover‐glasses was induced by nutritional defiency or complete lack of nutrients. The intensity and rapidity of the dedifferentiation process was modified under the influence of exogenous factors (humidity, temperature, light, concentration of oxygen).It is discussed in how far the induction of the appressoria dedifferentiation in B. cinerea on resistant Lycopersicon spp. is likewise caused by low concentrations of nutrients on or in the plants.ZusammenfassungDie Dedifferenzierung der Appressorien von Botrytis cinerea Pers. unter Bildung von Mikrokonidien auf Kultur‐ und Wildtomatenpflanzen (Lycopersicon esculentum, L. hirsutum, L. glandulosum, L. peruvianum) und an künstlichen Oberflächen (Deckgläsern) wurde untersucht.Die Dedifferenzierung erfolgte durch Mikrokonidienproduktion direkt an den Appressorien oder durch terminales und laterales Auswachsen von Hyphen mit anschließender Mikrokonidienbildung.Nach Inokulation der Lycopersicon spp. mit B. cinerea war die Intensität der Appressorien‐Dedifferenzierung direkt positiv mit dem Resistenzgrad der Pflanzen korreliert. Die Appressorien wurden durch die Dedifferenzierung funktionslos und der Infektionsprozeß am Interaktionsort unterbrochen. Die entstandenen Mikrokonidien waren unter den gegebenen Bedingungen nicht keimund infektionsfähig.Die Dedifferenzierung der an Deckgläsern angelegten Appressorien wurde durch Nährstoffmangel oder vollständigen Nährstoffentzug ausgelöst. Die Intensität und Geschwindigkeit des Dedifferenzierungsprozesses wurde unter Einfluß exogener Faktoren (Luftfeuchtigkeit, Temperatur, Licht, Sauerstoffkonzentration) modifiziert.Inwieweit die Induktion der Appressorien‐Dedifferenzierung von B. cinerea auf resistenten Lycopersicon spp. ebenfalls durch geringe Konzentrationen an Nährstoffen auf und in den Pflanzen bedingt ist, wird diskutiert.
Serotype III of Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus in Peru
Authors: Fribourg C. E. , Koenig R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn isometric virus with particles c. 25 nm in diameter was isolated from cowpea plants grown in the Peruvian jungle. In serological agar gel double diffusion tests the virus was indistinguishable from serotype III of cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV). Unlike other serotypes of CPSMV it infected several solanaceous plants.ZusammenfassungAus Kulturen von Vigna unguiculata (Kundebohne) aus der peruvianischen Urwaldregion wurde ein isometrisches Virus mit einem Partikeldurchmesser von etwa 25 nm isoliert, das im serologischen Agargeldoppeldiffusionstest nicht vom Serotyp III des cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) zu unterscheiden war. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Serotypen des CPSMV infizierte es verschiedene Solanaceen.
Barriers and Facilitators in the Delivery of Environmental Risk Reduction by Public Health Nurses in the Home Setting
Authors: Tinker Elizabeth , Postma Julie , Butterfield Patricia 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the factors that contributed to or detracted from the ability of public health nurses (PHNs) to deliver environmental risk reduction (ERR) in the home setting.Design and Sample: Structured one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with 10 PHNs from 2 county health departments in the western United States that were delivering an ERR intervention in a randomized clinical trial.Results: Barriers to incorporating ERR into PHN practice were: a change in the perceived mission of public health, nurses' lack of environmental health (EH) training, the absence of a strong relationship with EH, the multidimensional role of PHNs, presentation of nurse participation by management, incorporation of ERR visits into nursing schedules, and challenges engaging parents in EH. Facilitating factors included: training and support, opportunities for capacity building, belief that ERR is important, building a more visible face for PHN, and personal interest in EH and ERR.Conclusions: Adapting PHN practice to include ERR strategies is feasible, but not without challenges. With adequate training, time, and institutional support, multiple challenges can be overcome. PHNs are well positioned to improve the health of families and communities by integrating ERR into their scope of practice.
Meta‐analysis of the randomized controlled trials of the hemostatic efficacy and capacity of pathogen‐reduced platelets
Authors: Vamvakas Eleftherios C. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: A recent independently funded randomized controlled trial (RCT; Br J Haematol 2010;150:209‐17) questioned prevailing opinion concerning the hemostatic capacity of pathogen‐reduced platelets (PLTs). Meta‐analysis was used to calculate the effect of pathogen reduction (PR) of PLTs on hemostatic efficacy and capacity based on all available data and to investigate possible reasons for the variation in reported findings.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RCTs allocating patients to receive routine PLT transfusions with pathogen‐reduced or untreated PLTs and reporting on at least one of six hemostasis endpoints were eligible for analysis. Five RCTs of hemato‐oncology patients met eligibility criteria. Endpoints determined by similar criteria in all RCTs were integrated by fixed‐effects methods. Endpoints determined by different criteria were integrated by random‐effects methods.RESULTS: Studies were statistically homogeneous in all analyses. Pathogen‐reduced PLTs were associated with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in 1‐ and 24‐hour posttransfusion corrected count increments (summary mean difference, 3260; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2450‐4791; and summary mean difference, 3315; 95% CI, 2027‐4603) as well as a significant increase in all and in clinically significant bleeding complications (summary odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.26; and summary OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.13). The frequency of severe bleeding complications did not differ.CONCLUSION: The results of the recent RCT are not inconsistent with those of the earlier studies. Introduction of PR technologies in their current stage of development would result in an increase in mild and moderate (albeit not severe) bleeding complications, which the transfusion‐medicine community must explicitly tolerate to reap the benefits from PR.
Comparison of kinematic symmetry index calculations and the effects of straight and circular trotting
Authors: WALKER A. M. , WILSON A. M. , PFAU T. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: When assessing lameness in horses, left to right ratios of kinematic parameters are often used to quantify movement symmetry. Different methods of symmetry related measures have been proposed and inertial sensor data was used to evaluate the application of 3 methods of symmetry calculation during straight and circular trotting.Objectives: To compare 3 sensor based methods of symmetry index calculation to assess; tuber coxae vs. sacrum motion, the effects of circular trotting and effect of using whole trials in place of individual stride calculations.Methods: Inertial sensors were attached to the sacrum, left and right tuber coxae (LTC/RTC) of 21 non‐lame horses. Straight and circular trotting data were collected. Symmetry indices based on vertical movement were calculated for each stride using 3 previously published methods.Results: Method 2 (Fourier analysis) had significantly higher ratio values than method 1 (displacement amplitude ratio; tuber coxae) and methods 1 (displacement amplitude ratio; sacrum) and 3 (difference between LTC/RTC displacement). The effect of circular trotting within methods was highly variable, but was not significantly different between methods. No significant differences were found between whole trial and individual stride calculations. Method 2 when compared to method 1 underestimates the asymmetry present in a non‐uniform way due to the use of squared amplitudes. Methods 2 and 3 become less accurate during circular trotting due to changes in amplitude timing.Conclusions: On the same data substantial differences in symmetry indices are found when using different methods and locations. Further differences exist in accuracy when used on circular data. Interpretation and direct comparison of different symmetry indices should be approached with caution.