bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by the lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris
Authors: Karlovic Thamíris C. , Chioatto Francesco S. M. , Babcock Elizabeth A. , Dias June F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSexual dimorphisms are generated by divergent processes, such as natural or sexual selection and niche convergence. Males and females of the lesser guitarfish, Zapteryx brevirostris, present morphological differences in their discs, and the relationships with the species biology and ecology were unrecognized. Analysing the morphometry of 201 specimens and the influence of bottom features on the frequencies of 188 specimens among life stages and sexes, we found strong evidence that gonadal maturation leads to dimorphisms on discs, validating a concavity on male pectoral fins as a secondary sexual dimorphism and rejecting the hypothesis that such dimorphisms were related to ecological pressures. The principal component analysis (PCA) and permutational MANOVA (PERMANOVA) analyses revealed that males and females shared similar body aspects until they reached maturity, mainly due to lower variations in WD, WR, LD, DPRO, and LSC at younger life stages. The relationships of these variables with LT corroborate the former results, showing a changing point around LT > 30 cm where females started to attain larger measurements than males. Moreover, we revealed ontogenetic shifts, with adults from both sexes exploring different habitats than juveniles and subadults. Differences in frequencies of each life stage were best explained by organic matter (OM) with the adults exploring bottom habitats of higher concentrations of OM than juveniles and subadults, strengthening the assumption that body differences between sexes are not related to ecological pressures. These results bring not only new insights about the possible advantages that those morphometric differences provide to males while mating but also information about the abiotic influences on species distribution, which, along with knowledge of local oceanographic dynamics and benthic community patterns, would inform actions for species conservation.
Trophic niche partitioning and intraspecific variation in food resource use in the genus Pangasianodon in a reservoir revealed by stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues
Authors: Medo Ayano , Ohte Nobuhito , Doi Hideyuki , Kamdee Kiattipong , Koba Keisuke , Arai Nobuaki , Mitsunaga Yasushi , Kume Manabu , Kojima Daichi , Nose Takashi , Yokoyama Ayako , Viputhanumas Thavee , Mitamura Hiromichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism by which non‐native fish species integrate into native communities is crucial for evaluating the possibility of their establishment success. The genus Pangasianodon, comprising Pangasianodon gigas and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, has been introduced into reservoirs, which are non‐native habitats, for fishery stock enhancement. P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus often successfully establish and co‐occur in several Thai reservoirs, but there is little information on differences in food resource use between the two species. To investigate the trophic niche width of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a Thai reservoir, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen ratio (δ13C and δ15N) analyses. We examined the degree of individual specialization in both species using the δ13C and δ15N values of muscle and liver tissues, which provides long‐ and short‐term diet information. The isotopic niches did not overlap between P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus. The δ15N value of P. gigas was significantly higher than that of P. hypophthalmus, whereas the δ13C value did not significantly differ between the two species. The isotopic niche sizes were larger in P. hypophthalmus than in P. gigas. Individual specialization was observed in P. hypophthalmus but not in P. gigas, indicating that intraspecific variation in food resource use was larger in P. hypophthalmus compared to P. gigas. These findings suggest that trophic niche partitioning was one of the factors facilitating the establishment success of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a reservoir, but the establishment process may differ between the two species.
Obituary—Abel Lajtha (1922–2024)
Authors: Sershen Henry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith sadness, the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and the Journal of Neurochemistry (JNC) mourn the loss of one of the founding members of the neurochemistry field of science. Abel Lajtha, born in Budapest, Hungary on September 22, 1922, died on May 25, 2024. Abel had a long and distinguished record of service with ISN, having been a founding member of the Society, and served on the editorial board of the Society's journal, JNC.image
The current state and future perspectives of radiotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Yamada Takehiro , Kawamura Mariko , Oie Yumi , Kozai Yuka , Okumura Masayuki , Nagai Naoya , Yanagi Yusuke , Nimura Kenta , Ishihara Shunichi , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy is an effective treatment method for cervical cancer and is typically administered as external beam radiotherapy followed by intracavitary brachytherapy. In Japan, center shielding is used in external beam radiotherapy to shorten treatment time and reduce the doses delivered to the rectum or bladder. However, it has several challenges, such as uncertainties in calculating the cumulative dose. Recently, external beam radiotherapy has been increasingly performed with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, which reduces doses to the rectum or bladder without center shielding. In highly conformal radiotherapy, uncertainties in treatment delivery, such as inter‐fractional anatomical structure movements, affect treatment outcomes; therefore, image‐guided radiotherapy is essential for appropriate and safe performance. Regarding intracavitary brachytherapy, the use of magnetic resonance imaging‐based image‐guided adaptive brachytherapy is becoming increasingly widespread because it allows dose escalation to the tumor and accurately evaluates the dose delivered to the surrounding normal organs. According to current evidence, a minimal dose of D90% of the high‐risk clinical target volume is significantly relevant to local control. Further improvements in target coverage have been achieved with combined interstitial and intracavity brachytherapy for massive tumors with extensive parametrical involvement. Introducing artificial intelligence will enable faster and more accurate generation of brachytherapy plans. Charged‐particle therapies have biological and dosimetric advantages, and current evidence has proven their effectiveness and safety in cervical cancer treatment. Recently, radiotherapy‐related technologies have advanced dramatically. This review provides an overview of technological innovations and future perspectives in radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
Efficacy and safety of once daily oral administration of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor velagliflozin compared with twice daily insulin injection in diabetic cats
Authors: Niessen Stijn J. M. , Kooistra Hans S. , Forcada Yaiza , Bjørnvad Charlotte R. , Albrecht Balazs , Roessner Franziska , Herberich Esther , Kroh Carla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOptions for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats are limited to insulin injections and monitoring for hypoglycemia.HypothesisOnce daily sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor velagliflozin PO is noninferior to insulin injections.AnimalsClient‐owned diabetic cats (127 safety; 116 efficacy assessment).MethodsProspective, randomized (1 mg/kg velagliflozin), positive controlled (titrated Caninsulin), open label, noninferiority field trial, comparing number of cats with treatment success in ≥1 clinical variable and ≥1 glycemic variable (margin Δ: 15%) on Day 45; secondary endpoints included glycemic and clinical assessments during 91 days.ResultsOn Day 45, 29/54 (54%) velagliflozin‐treated cats and 26/62 (42%) Caninsulin‐treated cats showed treatment success, demonstrating noninferiority (difference −11.8%; upper 1‐sided 97.5% confidence interval, −∞ to 6.3%). By Day 91, quality of life (QoL), polyuria, and polydipsia had improved in 81%, 54% and 61% (velagliflozin); on blood glucose (BG) curves, mean BG was <252 mg/dL in 42/54 (78%; velagliflozin) and 37/62 (60%; Caninsulin); minimum BG was <162 mg/dL in 41/54 (76%; velagliflozin) and 41/62 (66%; Caninsulin); serum fructosamine was <450 μmol/L in 41/54 (76%; velagliflozin) and 38/62 (61%; Caninsulin). Velagliflozin's most frequent adverse events were loose feces/diarrhea (n = 23/61, 38%), positive urine culture (n = 19/61, 31%), and nonclinical hypoglycemia (BG <63 mg/dL; n = 8/61, 13%); Caninsulin's: clinical and nonclinical hypoglycemia (n = 35/66, 53%), positive urine culture (n = 18/66, 27%), and loose feces/diarrhea (n = 10/66, 15%). Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 4/61 (7%; velagliflozin) and 0/66 (Caninsulin).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOnce daily oral administration of velagliflozin was noninferior to insulin injections, showed good QoL and glycemia without clinical hypoglycemia.
Collaborative optimization of intersection signals and speed guidance for buses run on overlapping route segments under connected environment
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Jin Sheng , Yao Wenbin , Rong Donglei , Bai Congcong , Alagbé Jérémie Adjé 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to reduce bus bunching in overlapping route segments and improve the efficiency of bus operation, a dynamic scheduling model is proposed to adjust bus operation states by adopting a cooperative strategy involving multi‐line bus timetable optimization, arterial signal control, and speed guidance. Based on mixed integer linear programming, an arterial signal coordination model with autonomous public transport vehicles (APTVs) dedicated lanes is developed, which enables APTVs to pass through intersections without stopping under conditions that almost have no effect on regular vehicles (RVs). Based on this, a speed guidance strategy of APTVs under connected environment is proposed. After guiding APTVs into the overlapping route segments at a reasonable interval, the optimization goal of maintaining the independent running headway of each bus line to the maximum extent is realized. The simulation verification based on three actual overlapping lines in Hangzhou shows that only the combination of signal coordination considering the characteristics of APTVs and speed guidance can realize the full benefits of bus operation based on dedicated APTVs lane.
Is motor‐driven insertion of orthodontic miniscrews more advantageous than manual insertion? A micro‐CT evaluation of bone miniscrew contact surface area and cortical microcracks in rabbits
Authors: Alansari Reem A. , Zawawi Khaled H. , Vaiid Nikhillesh , Natto Zuhair , Adel Samar M. , Alshihri Maha R. , Alsadat Mohammed , Dause Rania , Agou Shoroog , Hassan Ali H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the bone–miniscrew contact surface area (BMC) and the cortical bone microcracks (CM) resulting from manual (hand‐driven) and automated (motor‐driven) orthodontic miniscrew (OM) insertion methods.MethodsThirty‐three OM were inserted in the femurs of nine New Zealand rabbits using manual (n = 16) and automated (n = 17) insertions. After euthanizing the rabbits, bone blocks, each including one OM, were sawed. Micro‐CT scanning was performed, and data analysis included reconstruction, binarization and quantification of morphometric parameters of BMC and the number and length of CM. Means and standard deviations for complete BMC, complete BMC proportion, cortical BMC, cortical BMC proportion, and length and number of CM were calculated. Mixed model analysis was used to adjust for more than one sample/CM per animal. A paired t‐test was used to compare the number of CM between the two groups.ResultsCompared to the automated insertion, manually inserted miniscrews had significantly lower complete BMC (7.54 ± 1.80 mm2 vs. 11.99 ± 3.64 mm2), cortical BMC (5.91 ± 1.48 mm2 vs. 8.48 ± 1.90 mm2) and cortical BMC proportion (79.44 ± 5.84% vs. 87.94 ± 3.66%). However, it was not statistically significant in complete BMC proportion (p = .052). The automated insertion also resulted in a significantly lower mean number of CM than the manual method (p = .012). However, the length of the cracks was shorter in the manual group but with no significant difference (p = 0.256).ConclusionMotor‐driven OM insertion results in superior BMC and reduction in the number of CM, which may lead to better miniscrew stability.
Strategies to address inequity of uncorrected refractive error in the Western Pacific: A modified Delphi process
Authors: McCormick Ian , Tong Kelvin , Abdullah Nurliyana , Abesamis‐Dischoso Carmen , Gende Theresa , Hashim Effendy Bin , Ho S. May , Jalbert Isabelle , Jeronimo Belmerio , Matoto‐Raikabakaba Elenoa , Ono Koichi , Piyasena Prabhath Nishantha , Rogers Jaymie T. , Szetu John , Tran Minh Anh , Tse Dennis Yan‐yin , Win Ye , Yap Tiong Peng , Yoon Sangchul , Yusufu Mayinuer , Burton Matthew J. , Ramke Jacqueline ,   the Promoting Equity in Refractive Error Services in the Western Pacific Study Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeUncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of vision impairment globally; however, little attention has been given to equity and access to services. This study aimed to identify and prioritise: (1) strategies to address inequity of access to refractive error services and (2) population groups to target with these strategies in five sub‐regions within the Western Pacific.MethodsWe invited eye care professionals to complete a two‐round online prioritisation process. In round 1, panellists nominated population groups least able to access refractive error services, and strategies to improve access. Responses were summarised and presented in round 2, where panellists ranked the groups (by extent of difficulty and size) and strategies (in terms of reach, acceptability, sustainability, feasibility and equity). Groups and strategies were scored according to their rank within each sub‐region.ResultsSeventy five people from 17 countries completed both rounds (55% women). Regional differences were evident. Indigenous peoples were a priority group for improving access in Australasia and Southeast Asia, while East Asia identified refugees and Oceania identified rural/remote people. Across the five sub‐regions, reducing out‐of‐pocket costs was a commonly prioritised strategy for refraction and spectacles. Australasia prioritised improving cultural safety, East Asia prioritised strengthening school eye health programmes and Oceania and Southeast Asia prioritised outreach to rural areas.ConclusionThese results provide policy‐makers, researchers and funders with a starting point for context‐specific actions to improve access to refractive error services, particularly among underserved population groups who may be left behind in existing private sector‐dominated models of care.
Advancing diagnostic precision: Unveiling sensitization relationships between cat, dog, and horse allergen molecules
Authors: Sekerel Bulent Enis , Aliyeva Gulnar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent advancements in molecular diagnostics have unveiled a multitude of allergen molecules (AMs) associated with animal sensitizations, revealing significant cross‐ and co‐sensitization patterns among these seemingly distinct allergens.MethodWe investigated the sensitization profiles of 120 children, sensitized to at least one of the 14 AMs from cat, dog, or horse using the Alex test, employing correlations and hierarchical clusters to explore relationship between sensitizations.ResultsSensitizations to Fel d 1, Can f 4/5, and Equ c 4 differ from other cat, dog, and horse AM sensitizations, suggesting they may represent genuine sensitizations for their respective animals. High correlations were observed among various AMs, including lipocalins (Can f 1/2/6, Fel d 4/7, and Equ c 1), serum albumins (Fel d 2, Can f 3, and Equ c 3), and uteroglobins (Fel d 1 and Can f_Fd1). Hierarchical clustering of sensitizations identified two similarity clusters and one dissimilarity cluster, providing an estimation of the likelihood of cross‐reactivity. Additionally, our method facilitated speculation regarding cross‐, co‐, or genuine sensitization. Moreover, we noted a potential increase in the number and level of sensitized animal AMs concurrent with increased sensitization to other aeroallergens with advancing age. No significant difference was detected for the presence or absence of various types of allergic comorbidities.ConclusionCorrelations and hierarchical clustering can unveil the extent and magnitude of cross‐, co‐, and genuine sensitization relationships among animal AMs. These insights can be leveraged to enhance artificial intelligence algorithms, improving diagnostic accuracy through the integration of other measures of sensitization.
Can mothers' time preferences predict their children's educational outcomes?
Authors: Jeppsson Louise , Norrgren Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper studies parents' time preferences and adolescents' future educational outcomes. We combine time preference data on adolescents and mothers, measured in 1966 and 1968, with register data on education and labor outcomes up to 2015. Results show that children of patient mothers have higher grades, are more likely to be enrolled in academic elementary school tracks, and are more likely to attain post‐secondary education. However, the mother's time preferences are not significantly associated with the adolescent's choice of upper secondary school program or completion. The unique Swedish data also allow us to shed some light on potential mechanisms.
A novel deep learning framework for accurate melanoma diagnosis integrating imaging and genomic data for improved patient outcomes
Authors: Kiran Ajmeera , Narayanasamy Navaprakash , Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga , Ahmad Mohd Wazih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is one of the most malignant forms of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate in the advanced stages. Therefore, early and accurate detection of melanoma plays an important role in improving patients' prognosis. Biopsy is the traditional method for melanoma diagnosis, but this method lacks reliability. Therefore, it is important to apply new methods to diagnose melanoma effectively.AimThis study presents a new approach to classify melanoma using deep neural networks (DNNs) with combined multiple modal imaging and genomic data, which could potentially provide more reliable diagnosis than current medical methods for melanoma.MethodWe built a dataset of dermoscopic images, histopathological slides and genomic profiles. We developed a custom framework composed of two widely established types of neural networks for analysing image data Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and networks that can learn graph structure for analysing genomic data‐Graph Neural Networks. We trained and evaluated the proposed framework on this dataset.ResultsThe developed multi‐modal DNN achieved higher accuracy than traditional medical approaches. The mean accuracy of the proposed model was 92.5% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96, suggesting that the multi‐modal DNN approach can detect critical morphologic and molecular features of melanoma beyond the limitations of traditional AI and traditional machine learning approaches. The combination of cutting‐edge AI may allow access to a broader range of diagnostic data, which can allow dermatologists to make more accurate decisions and refine treatment strategies. However, the application of the framework will have to be validated at a larger scale and more clinical trials need to be conducted to establish whether this novel diagnostic approach will be more effective and feasible.
Ocular diagnostics, ophthalmic findings, and conjunctival microbiome in the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis)
Authors: Bowden Anna Catherine , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Gall Andrew J. , Costa Matheus de O. , Leis Marina , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.Animals StudiedA total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.ProceduresIn 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty‐one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro‐ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.ResultsResults are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7–40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1–9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9–14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10–22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9–14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3–13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.ConclusionsBaseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.
Interpolation of fat points on K3 and abelian surfaces
Authors: Zahariuc Adrian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe prove that any number of general fat points of any multiplicities impose the expected number of conditions on a linear system on a smooth projective surface, in several cases including primitive linear systems on very general K3 and abelian surfaces, “Du Val” linear systems on blowups of at nine very general points, and certain linear systems on some ruled surfaces over elliptic curves. This is done by answering a question of the author about the case of only one fat point on a certain ruled surface, which follows from a circle of results due to Treibich–Verdier, Segal–Wilson, and others.
Corrigendum: Transcendental Brauer groups of products of CM elliptic curves
Authors: Newton Rachel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is a corrigendum to the paper Transcendental Brauer groups of products of CM elliptic curves, published in (J. Lond. Math. Soc. 93 (2016), 397–419). In this note, we point out a mistake affecting the statements of Theorems 1.3, 5.2, 5.3 and Proposition 5.1 in op. cit., and provide a correction.