bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical polarization characteristics of m ‐plane InGaN films coherently grown on ZnO substrates
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Shimomoto Kazuma , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi , Oshima Masaharu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe investigated the optical polarization characteristics in m ‐plane In0.33Ga0.67N films grown on ZnO substrates using room temperature grown epitaxial GaN buffer layers. We found that m ‐plane InGaN films with a film thickness of 400 nm can be grown coherently on m ‐plane ZnO substrates at 660 °C by pulsed laser deposition. Reciprocal space mapping revealed that the InGaN film possesses compressive strains as large as 1.7% and 2.6% along the a ‐ and c‐axes, respectively. Photoluminescence polarized along the c‐axis with a peak wavelength of 505 nm was observed from the strongly compressed InGaN film. We also found that the degree of polarization depends strongly upon the strain in the m ‐plane InGaN, and the coherent growth of m ‐plane InGaN on ZnO substrates leads to an enhancement in c‐axis polarization. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bonding patterns of [Ag2‐alanine]0,± hybrid complexes and the implementation of molecular logic gates
Authors: Zhang C.‐G. , Periyasamy G. , Remacle F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA structural and energetic computational analysis of various conformers of positive, neutral and negatively charged hybrid [Ag2‐alanine]0,± complexes is reported using density functional theory. We show that the overall charge on the hybrid complexes influence the silver coordination mode. The positively charged cluster forms stable conformers via chelate bonds between the carboxylic group and silver dimer while the neutral cluster exhibits covalent bonding between silver and the amine nitrogen. In negatively charged clusters, bonding occurs via a weaker Ag‐hydrogen bond. Unary and binary logic gates NOT, FAN‐OUT, AND, NAND, OR, XOR and NOR are designed using the dependence of bonding patterns on the overall charge state of the cluster. The outputs can be read using an IR readout protocol or electrostatic potential charge distributions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Spectral‐ALS data fusion for different roughness parameterizations of forested floodplains
Authors: Forzieri G. , Guarnieri L. , Vivoni E. R. , Castelli F. , Preti F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNatural river floodplains and adjacent wetlands grow typically a diverse and heterogeneous combination of herbs, shrubs and trees, which play an essential role in determining the total flow resistance. Hydrodynamic effects of trees in forested floodplains can provide the majority of flow resistance during flood events. Nevertheless, ground‐based techniques to acquire vegetation parameters are expensive and difficult to apply over long reaches. This paper presents a novel method of automated roughness parameterization of riparian woody vegetation by fusion of Quickbird multi‐spectral image with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The data fusion approach includes: individual tree detection and estimation of vegetation metrics from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, assessment of predictive models for the vegetation parameters and spatial mapping of the vegetation parameters for the forest plants in the riparian corridor. The proposed method focuses on estimation of plant density (d), crown diameters (DC), tree height (h), stem diameter (DS), crown base height (cbh) and leaf area index (LAI). The procedure is tested along a 14‐km reach of the Sieve River (Tuscany, Italy) characterized by high woody plant density. Due to the complex study area, the data fusion approach explains with variable reliability the local vegetation properties (R2(DC) = 0.14, R2(h) = 0.84, R2(DS) = 0.25, R2(cbh) = 0.66). The generated structural parameter maps represent spatially explicit data layers that can be used as inputs to hydrodynamic models used to analyse flow resistance effects in different submergence conditions of vegetation. A simple flow resistance model was applied over a test area comparing the results of the proposed method and a traditional ground‐based approach. The modelling results showed that the new method is able to provide accurate output data to describe the interaction between water levels and bio‐mechanical characteristics of vegetation. The proposed methodology provides a fast, repeatable and accurate way of obtaining floodplain roughness, which enables regular updating of vegetation characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐passage percolation on a ladder graph, and the path cost in a VCG auction
Authors: Flaxman Abraham , Gamarnik David , Sorkin Gregory B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the time constant for first‐passage percolation, and the Vickrey‐Clarke‐Groves (VCG) payment, for the shortest path on a ladder graph (a width‐2 strip) with random edge costs, treating both in a unified way based on recursive distributional equations.For first‐passage percolation where the edge costs are independent Bernoulli random variables we find the time constant exactly; it is a rational function of the Bernoulli parameter. For first‐passage percolation where the edge costs are uniform random variables we present a reasonably efficient means for obtaining arbitrarily close upper and lower bounds. Using properties of Harris chains we also show that the incremental cost to advance through the medium has a unique stationary distribution, and we compute stochastic lower and upper bounds. We rely on no special properties of the uniform distribution: the same methods could be applied to any well‐behaved, bounded cost distribution.For the VCG payment, with Bernoulli‐distributed costs the payment for an n‐long ladder, divided by n, tends to an explicit rational function of the Bernoulli parameter. Again, our methods apply more generally. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 38, 350‐364, 2011
The use of frequency and wavelet analysis for monitoring surface quality of wood machining applications
Authors: Lemaster Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe research described in this study is part of a project to provide the technology and theory to quantify surface quality for a variety of wood and wood‐based products. The ultimate goal is to provide a means of monitoring trends in surface quality, which can be used to discriminate between “good” products and “bad” products (the methods described in this research are not intended to provide “grading” of individual workpieces) as well as to provide information to the machine operator as to the source of poor‐quality machined surfaces. This research investigates the use of both frequency domain analysis as well as the more advanced joint time frequency analysis (JTFA). The disadvantages of traditional frequency analysis as well as the potential of the JTFA are illustrated. Sample surface profiles from actual machining defects were analyzed using traditional frequency analysis. A surface with multiple machining defects was analyzed with both traditional frequency analysis and JTFA (harmonic wavelet). Although the analysis was empirical in nature, the results show that the harmonic wavelet transform is able to detect both stationary and non‐stationary surface irregularities as well as pulses (localized defects). SCANNING 32: 224–232, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural analysis of rattle‐type hollow mesoporous silica spheres using electron tomography and energy filtered imaging
Authors: Okuda Mitsuhiro , Takeguchi Masaki , Zhu Yufang , Hashimoto Ayako , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Tagaya Motohiro , Chen Song , Hanagata Nobutaka , Ikoma Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRattle‐type hollow mesoporous silica spheres including an internal Fe2O3‐containing particle were prepared using a carbon–iron template method. Elemental distribution of the silica spheres was analyzed using an energy‐filter transmission electron microscopy, and the three‐dimensional (3D) structure was visualized by a computer tomography with a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). From the 3D structure reconstructed with a tilted series of high‐angle annular dark field images, the diameter and shell thickness of the hollow mesoporous silica spheres were determined to be 381 ± 14 and 61 ± 10 nm. It was also found that the internal Fe2O3‐containing particle with the diameter of 104 ± 7 nm also exhibited a hollow structure with the shell thickness of 24 ± 6 nm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of executive cognition on competitive dynamics
Authors: Marcel Jeremy J. , Barr Pamela S. , Duhaime Irene M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrior competitive dynamics research has drawn on theories of information processing to model the subjective antecedents of executives' retaliation choices. This prior work has made great progress in developing our understanding of the retaliation choices most firms will make to a given type of attack. What the information processing perspective has not been able to do is explain firm‐specific behavior to predict which competitive moves individual firms will challenge, or explain why individual firms differ in the types of actions that they are most likely to challenge. The goal of this paper is to sharpen the theoretical and empirical focus on predicting firm‐level retaliation proclivities. We leverage managerial cognition research to examine the relationship between firm‐level differences in the cognitive frameworks that executives possess, and firm‐level differences in whether and how quickly firms challenge a market move. Results from a longitudinal study of the airline industry suggest that the addition of a cognitive perspective provides important insights into competitive retaliation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is the most reliable ultrasound parameter for assessment of fetal head descent?
Authors: Molina F. S. , Terra R. , Carrillo M. P. , Puertas A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were, first, to establish the agreement between digital and ultrasound assessment of occipital position and, second, to evaluate the repeatability of the measurements of head direction, angle of the middle line, progression distance and angle of progression in women in the second stage of labor.MethodsDigital examination and then transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed on 50 women in the second stage of labor to determine the fetal occipital position. We also obtained three‐dimensional (3D) blocks of the fetal head by transperineal sonography, and two experts in 3D ultrasound measured head direction, angle of the middle line, progression distance and angle of progression. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% CIs, and Bland–Altman analysis, were used to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver repeatability of measurements.ResultsThe fetal head position, determined by ultrasound examination, was occiput anterior in 33 (66%) cases and occiput lateral in 17 (34%) cases. Vaginal digital examination failed to identify the correct fetal head position by more than 45° in 33 (66%) cases. All four 3D ultrasound measurements were reproducible but the progression angle had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient for the same observer (0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97) and for two different operators (0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.91). The progression angle was also the measurement for which smaller limits of agreement (LOA) were found in the Bland–Altman test, performed to calculate the intraobserver (bias 0.9; LOA, − 9.2 to 11.1%) and interobserver (bias 1.5; LOA, − 15.4 to 18.3%) variability.ConclusionsDigital pelvic examination for determining the fetal head position during labor is not accurate. The most reproducible of the 3D measurements for progression of the fetal head in labor is the progression angle. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signalling in the genomic era
Authors: Lo Vasco Vincenza Rita 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor a complex organism, short range signalling is not sufficient to coordinate the behaviour of all cells composing itself. The response to stimuli is the reprogramming of cell activity (resulting in differentiation, proliferation, stand by or apoptosis depending on the set of signals). Cells own elaborate and complex systems of proteins that enable them to communicate, including both secreted signalling molecules and related factors, deriving from relic mechanisms. The intra and intercellular signalling are actively studied not only to comprehend the basic mechanisms that allowed the evolution of mammals species on earth, but also because the alteration of one or more of these pathways is recognized to be involved in a crescent number of human diseases, both degenerative and tumoural. That is, a growing body of evidences suggest that every human disease may be analyzed and classified by a “signalling disease” point of view. This approach opens new therapeutic perspectives, virtually amplifying for every single disease the number of therapeutic targets (in terms of both genes and proteins) to upstream and/or downstream, short and/or long distance proteins interacting with the altered molecule, thus individuating many other targets to which act upon.
Comparative evaluation of static gesture recognition techniques based on nearest neighbor, neural networks and support vector machines
Authors: Savaris Alexandre , von Wangenheim Aldo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
It is a common behavior for human beings to use gestures as a means of expression, as a complement to speaking, or as a self-contained communication mode. In the field of Human–Computer Interaction, this behavior can be adopted to build alternative interfaces, aiming to ease the relationship between the human element and the computational element. Currently, various gesture recognition techniques are described in the technical literature; however, the validation studies of these techniques are usually performed isolatedly, which complicates comparisons between them. To reduce this gap, this work presents a comparison between three well-established techniques for static gesture recognition, using Nearest Neighbor, Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines as classifiers. These classifiers evaluate a common dataset, acquired from an instrumented glove, and generate results for precision and performance measurements. The results obtained show that the classifier implemented as a Support Vector Machine presented the best generalization, with the highest recognition rate. In terms of performance, all methods presented evaluation times fast enough to be used interactively. Finally, this work identifies and discusses a set of relevant criteria that must be observed for the training and evaluation steps, and its relation to the final results.
Cognitive coping in anxiety‐disordered adolescents
Authors: Legerstee Jeroen S. , Garnefski Nadia , Verhulst Frank C. , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated differences in cognitive coping strategies between anxiety‐disordered and non‐anxious adolescents. In addition, the interaction effect with gender as well as differences between specific anxiety diagnoses was examined. A clinical sample of 159 anxiety‐disordered adolescents and a general community sample of 370 non‐anxious adolescents were recruited. Nine cognitive coping strategies were assessed in all adolescents (aged 12–16 years). Results showed that anxiety‐disordered adolescents had significantly higher scores on most of the cognitive coping strategies than non‐anxious adolescents. The cognitive coping strategies rumination, self‐blame and catastrophizing accounted for most of the variance. Gender did not modify the results. Further analyses within the anxiety‐disordered sample indicated that adolescents with a generalized anxiety disorder scored significantly higher on rumination, but not on other cognitive coping strategies, than social phobic adolescents. The results suggest that cognitive coping is a valuable target for psychological assessment and treatment in adolescents.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Ocd) Is Still An Unrecognised Disorder: A Study On The Recognition Of Ocd In Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Wahl K. , Kordon A. , Kuelz K.A. , Voderholzer U. , Hohagen F. , Zurowski B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the recognition of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in psychiatric outpatients.Subjects and methodsA total of 2282 outpatients seen at 14 different psychiatric clinics in South Germany were asked to participate in the study. Five hundred and eighty-nine (30%) of the original 2282 patients met screening criteria for OCD, and of those, 237 (42%) participated in the final interview including DSM-IV diagnosis, and comorbidity.ResultsSixty-nine of 589 participating patients who screened positively for obsessive symptoms actually had an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Only 19 (28%) of the outpatients diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria were also given this diagnosis by their consultant. The psychopathology scores indicated that the OCD patients had clinically relevant OCD with a mean Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Score (Y-BOCS) of 17.5 (± 5.4), and a mean Clinical Global Impression Score (CGI) of 5.2 (± 1.2).ConclusionsIn outpatient clinics over 70% of OCD patients remain unrecognised and thus untreated by consultants. Screening questions provide a rapid way of identifying those who may have OCD and should be incorporated into every mental state examination by consultants.
Suicidal Ideation, Self-Harm And Attempted Suicide: Results From The British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000
Authors: Bebbington P.E. , Minot S. , Cooper C. , Dennis M. , Meltzer H. , Jenkins R. , Brugha T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeTo examine relationships between suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide attempts, including the timing of the phenomena.Subjects and methodsThe British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (NPMS) 2000, a randomised cross-sectional survey of the British population (n = 8,580), included detailed questions about suicidal phenomena.ResultsSuicidal phenomena were common in the survey population: a fifth had experienced tedium vitae, and nearly one in six had had death wishes or considered suicide. 4.4% of the study population had attempted suicide at some time. The relationships between individual elements of suicidality, though not absolute, were strong. The relationships tended to be hierarchical. The results suggested that suicidal thinking represents a strong indicator of vulnerability to suicidal acts, less so to self-harm. Although suicidal phenomena were more common in women, the relationship of the different elements were not affected by gender.DiscussionStudies in non clinical populations allow full appreciation of the nature and burden of suicidality. The topic of suicide is sensitive, so there may have been under-reporting, although the level of missing data was around 0.1%. Nevertheless, the sample was large and closely representative of the whole British populace.ConclusionsSuicidality is common in the British population. The strong relationships between elements of suicidality are clinically important.
Quaternary glaciation in the Nubra and Shyok valley confluence, northernmost Ladakh, India
Authors: Dortch Jason M. , Owen Lewis A. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree glacial stages (Deshkit 1, Deshkit 2 and Dishkit 3 glacial stages) are identified in the Nubra and Shyok valleys in northernmost Ladakh, northwest India, on the basis of geomorphic field mapping, remote sensing, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating. The glacial stages date to ∼ 45 ka (Deshkit 1 glacial stage), ∼ 81 ka (Deshkit 2 glacial stage) and ∼ 144 ka (Deshkit 3 glacial stage). A mean equilibrium line altitude depression of ∼ 290 m for the Deshkit 1 glacial stage was calculated using the area accumulation ratio, toe-to-headwall ratio, area–altitude, and area–altitude balance ratio methods. Comparison of glaciation in the Nubra and Shyok valleys with glaciations in the adjacent Central Karakoram of northern Pakistan and northern side of the Ladakh Range of northern India indicates that glaciation was synchronous on Milankovitch timescales across the region during MIS-6, but differed greatly in extent, with more extensive glaciation in the Karakoram than the morphostratigraphically equivalent glaciation on the northern slopes of the Ladakh Range. This highlights the strong contrast in the extent of glaciation across ranges in the Himalaya–Tibetan orogen, necessitating caution when correlating glacial successions within and between mountain ranges.
S14-04 - New Pharmacological Strategies in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Results from Recent Clinical Trials
Authors: Janiri L. , Martinotti G. 
Published: June 2010

In the last few years aripiprazole and pregabalin showed to be promising medication in alcohol use disorders, due to their action on the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward pathway (aripiprazole) and as a presynaptic modulator of the excessive release, in hyperexcited neurons, of excitatory neurotransmitters (pregabalin).In a recent trial run by our group (Martinotti et al., 2009a) aripiprazole at low dosage (5-10 mg) was compared with naltrexone, one of the approved drugs used in alcohol relapse prevention. The study showed that the number of subjects remained alcohol free for the entire study period and the number of subjects relapsed was not significantly different in the two groups, whereas the survival function showed that patients treated with aripiprazole remained abstinent from any alcohol amount for a longer time with respect to those treated with naltrexone. In another randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study (Anton, 2008), there was no difference between aripiprazole (at high dosage, up to 30 mg) and placebo on the primary end point possibly because of dose-related attrition. In a recent trial the combination of aripiprazole and topiramate has proposed with positve results (Kenna, 2009).As to pregabalin, a recent clinical trial of comparison versus naltrexone (Martinotti et al., 2009b) showed, in fevour of pegabalin, an improvement of specific symptoms in the areas of anxiety, hostility and psychoticism. Pregabalin also resulted in better outcome in patients reporting a comorbid psychiatric disorder. In another study (Martinotti 2009c) pregabalin was also efficacious in the treatment of withdrawal symptoms.