bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐tip‐angle spokes pulse design using interleaved greedy and local optimization methods
Authors: Grissom William A. , Khalighi Mohammad‐Mehdi , Sacolick Laura I. , Rutt Brian K. , Vogel Mika W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCurrent spokes pulse design methods can be grouped into methods based either on sparse approximation or on iterative local (gradient descent‐based) optimization of the transverse‐plane spatial frequency locations visited by the spokes. These two classes of methods have complementary strengths and weaknesses: sparse approximation‐based methods perform an efficient search over a large swath of candidate spatial frequency locations but most are incompatible with off‐resonance compensation, multifrequency designs, and target phase relaxation, while local methods can accommodate off‐resonance and target phase relaxation but are sensitive to initialization and suboptimal local cost function minima. This article introduces a method that interleaves local iterations, which optimize the radiofrequency pulses, target phase patterns, and spatial frequency locations, with a greedy method to choose new locations. Simulations and experiments at 3 and 7 T show that the method consistently produces single‐ and multifrequency spokes pulses with lower flip angle inhomogeneity compared to current methods. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy observation of field‐induced strain relaxation in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field‐effect transistors
Authors: Dun Shaobo , Jiang Yang , Li Jingqiang , Fang Yulong , Yin Jiayun , Liu Bo , Wang Jingjing , Chen Hong , Feng Zhihong , Cai Shujun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new method to characterize the strain status in the electrical degradation of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field‐effect transistors (HFETs) using micro‐Raman spectroscopy at a wavelength of 532 nm was proposed. This method was applied to the devices stressed under different dc biased configurations to find the direct evidence of strain relaxation due to inverse piezoelectric effect (IPE). It was observed that the strain relaxation in AlGaN barrier layers became more severe with the increment of the electric field applied externally, which would lead to the rise of the gate leakage current. The deterioration of the gate leakage current shows a time‐dependent feature.
Carrier‐transport studies of III‐nitride/Si3N4/Si isotype heterojunctions
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Roul Basanta , Bhat Thirumaleshwara N. , Rajpalke Mohana K. , Kalghatgi A. T. , Krupanidhi S. B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGaN/Si3N4/n‐Si and InN/Si3N4/n‐Si heterojunctions (HJs) were fabricated using plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy for a comparison study. Single‐crystalline wurtzite structures of GaN and InN epilayers were confirmed by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and thickness of ultrathin Si3N4 layer was measured by transmission electron microscopy. n‐GaN/Si3N4/n‐Si HJs show diode‐like rectifying current–voltage (I–V) characteristic, while n‐InN/Si3N4/n‐Si HJs show symmetric nonlinear I–V behavior. The I–V characteristics of both HJs were discussed in terms of the band diagram of HJs and the carrier transport mechanism. The activation energies of carrier conduction were estimated to be ∼29 meV for GaN/Si3N4/Si and ∼95 meV for InN/Si3N4/Si HJs.
Envisioning New Literacies Through a Lens of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Lapp Diane , Moss Barbara , Rowsell Jennifer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhat are new literacies and how do they mesh with core curriculum? Classroom teachers who find their students’ interests and bases of knowledge about new technologies expanding exponentially often ask this question. While broadening the definition of new literacies beyond internet literacy this article explores the history of new literacies and offers an answer to the question of how to blend new literacies while not losing the focus of the core curriculum. An example of how one teacher remixed new literacies, core curriculum, and intentional instruction to support critical literacy is shared to illustrate the reality and possible process of weaving new and existing literacy instruction.
Relations Between the CCSS and RTI in Literacy and Language
Authors: Wixson Karen K. , Lipson Marjorie Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInitiatives such as Response to Intervention (RTI) and the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (CCSS‐ELA) have the potential to positively impact progress toward the goal of literacy for all. Because the CCSS‐ELA will guide the content of the curriculum, instruction and assessment in the large number of adopting states, they will also have a significant impact on instruction and intervention within an RTI approach to teaching and learning in language and literacy. This column explores the implications of the CCSS‐ELA for RTI in the areas of language and literacy with regard to definitions of success, perspectives on reading/literacy, instruction, and assessment.
Devillainizing Video in Support of Comprehension and Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Hall Matthew , Dougherty Stahl Katherine A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the classroom, teachers have long used videos as an addendum to the instruction they provide. Still, using video is often seen in a negative light and is used sparingly. This column calls upon research from a variety of fields that supports the use of video to enhance literacy instruction in classrooms. Relying on both theory and practice, the authors highlight several promising areas of research that utilize video as a teaching tool to develop comprehension and vocabulary proficiency in tandem with print‐based literacy practices. The authors make practical recommendations for teachers looking to incorporate video into the literacy instruction they provide to students in the classroom.
Use of partially fenced fields to reduce deer damage to corn
Authors: Hildreth Aaron M. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Blankenship Erin E. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage agricultural crops, often leading to significant economic losses for farmers. We used poly‐mesh fence with wings to separate good deer cover from agricultural fields where crop damage by deer occurred primarily along this edge. In these cases, complete enclosure of the field with fencing may be unnecessary. The design used a 2.13‐m‐high polypropylene mesh fence erected along the wooded edge of a field with either 50‐m or 150‐m wings extending perpendicular from the fence line and wooded habitat. Fences reduced deer damage in cornfields 13.5% (F1,6 = ∞, P < 0.001). Average yield in fenced fields (10,211 kg/ha) was 1,708 kg/ha greater than in control fields, which, at US$0.155/kg, equals a net gain of US$265/ha. We found no difference in damage between fences with 50‐m and 150‐m wings (F1,1 = 0.26, P = 0.695). Costs for materials and labor for erecting partial poly‐mesh fences with wings were US$5.56/m and US$1.42/m, respectively. Mean total cost for partial poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings would be US$60.13/ha/year over a 10‐year period, compared with US$82.30/ha/year for 150‐m wings and US$184.16/ha/year for completely enclosing fields. Expected savings for partial poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings over a 10‐year period were US$205/ha/year, as compared with damaged fields without fences. We concluded that poly‐mesh fences with 50‐m wings were cost‐effective at reducing damage by deer to corn. Additional research should be conducted to determine efficacy of the more cost‐effective high‐tensile and poly‐tape fences with wings. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Desarda Versus Lichtenstein Technique for Primary Inguinal Hernia Treatment: 3‐Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Szopinski Jacek , Dabrowiecki Stanislaw , Pierscinski Stanislaw , Jackowski Marek , Jaworski Maciej , Szuflet Zbigniew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Shouldice method and other tissue‐based techniques are still acknowledged to be acceptable for primary inguinal hernia repair according to the European Hernia Society guidelines. Desarda’s technique, presented in 2001, is an original hernia repair method using an undetached strip of external oblique aponeurosis. This randomized trial compared outcomes after hernia repair with Desarda (D) and mesh‐based Lichtenstein (L) techniques.MethodsA total of 208 male patients were randomly assigned to the D or L group (105 vs. 103, respectively). The primary outcomes measured were recurrence and chronic pain. Additionally, early and late complications, foreign body sensation, and return to everyday activity were examined in hospital and at 7, 30 days, and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, two recurrences were observed in each group (p = 1.000). Chronic pain was experienced by 4.8 and 2.9% of patients from groups D and L, respectively (p = 0.464). Foreign body sensation and return to activity were not different between the groups. There was significantly less seroma production in the D group (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe results of primary inguinal hernia repair with the Desarda and Lichtenstein techniques are comparable at the 3‐year follow‐up. The technique may potentially increase the number of tissue‐based methods available for treating groin hernias.
Recovery of functionally active recombinant human phospholipid scramblase 1 from inclusion bodies using N-lauroyl sarcosine
Authors: Francis Vincent Gerard , Majeed Mohammed Abdul , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Human phospholipid scramblase (hPLSCR1) is a transmembrane protein involved in rapid bidirectional scrambling of phospholipids across the plasma membrane in response to elevated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels. Overexpression of recombinant hPLSCR1 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) leads to its deposition in inclusion bodies (IBs). N-lauroyl sarcosine was used to solubilize IBs and to recover functionally active hPLSCR1 from them. Protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni2+–NTA) affinity chromatography and was &gt;98% pure. Functional activity of the purified protein was validated by in vitro reconstitution studies, ~18% of 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC) phospholipids was translocated across the lipid bilayer in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Far ultraviolet circular dichroism (UV-CD) studies reveal that the secondary structure of protein is predominantly an α-helix, and under nondenaturing conditions, the protein exists as a monomer. Here we describe a method to purify recombinant membrane protein with higher yield than previously described methods involving renaturation techniques.
Analyzing the dynamics of cell growth and protein production in mammalian cell fed-batch systems using logistic equations
Authors: Goudar Chetan T 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The logistic modeling approach was used to describe experimental viable cell density (X) and product concentration (P) data from two industrial fed-batch mammalian cell culture processes with maximum product concentrations in the 3.0–9.4 g/l range. In both cases, experimental data were well described by the logistic equations and the resulting specific growth rate and protein productivity profiles provided useful insights into the process kinetics. Subsequently, sensitivity equations for both the X and P models were analyzed which helped characterize the influence of model parameters on X and P time courses. This was augmented by conventional sensitivity analyses where five values of each model parameter, 25% apart, were used to generate X and P time courses. Finally, results from sensitivity analysis were used to simulate X and P time courses that were reflective of typical early- and late-stage fed-batch cell culture processes. Different combinations of the logistic model parameters were used to arrive at the same final product concentration demonstrating the ability of the logistic approach to describe the multitude of process paths that result in the same final product concentration. Overall, the capability of the logistic equations to well describe X and P data from fed-batch cultures, coupled with their ability to simulate the multitude of paths leading up to the desired cell density and product concentration profiles, make them a useful tool during mammalian cell fed-batch process development.
Factors of Empowerment for Women in Recovery from Substance Use
Authors: Hunter Bronwyn A. , Jason Leonard A. , Keys Christopher B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEmpowerment is an interdisciplinary construct heavily grounded in the theories of community psychology. Although empowerment has a strong theoretical foundation, few context‐specific quantitative measures have been designed to evaluate empowerment for specific populations. The present study explored the factor structure of a modified empowerment scale with a cross‐sectional sample of 296 women in recovery from substance use who lived in recovery homes located throughout the United States. Results from an exploratory factor analysis identified three factors of psychological empowerment which were closely related to previous conceptualizations of psychological empowerment: self‐perception, resource knowledge and participation. Further analyses demonstrated a hierarchical relationship among the three factors, with resource knowledge predicting participation when controlling for self‐perception. Finally, a correlational analysis demonstrated the initial construct validity of each factor, as each factor of empowerment was significantly and positively related to self‐esteem. Implications for the application of psychological empowerment theory and research are discussed.
Proportional reasoning in the laboratory: an intervention study in vocational education
Authors: Bakker Arthur , Groenveld Djonie , Wijers Monica , Akkerman Sanne F. , Gravemeijer Koeno P. E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBased on insights into the nature of vocational mathematical knowledge, we designed a computer tool with which students in laboratory schools at senior secondary vocational school level could develop a better proficiency in the proportional reasoning involved in dilution. We did so because we had identified computations of concentrations of chemical substances after dilution as a problematic area in the vocational education of laboratory technicians. Pre- and post-test results indeed show that 47 students aged 16–23 significantly improved their proportional reasoning in this domain with brief instruction time (50–90 min). Effect sizes were mostly large. The approach of using a visual tool that foregrounds mathematical aspects of laboratory work thus illustrates how vocational mathematical knowledge can be developed effectively and efficiently.
Tongue support of complete dentures in the elderly
Authors: Chen Yu‐Fen , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Lee Ji‐Hua , Chen Jen‐Hao , Lee Huey‐Er , Chou Tsau‐Mau 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the tongue's role in supporting maxillary denture retention (MDR), in providing additional stabilization for the mandibular denture, and the tongue's relationship with the oral health‐related well being in elderly complete denture patients. Four hundred elderly individuals, 263 males and 137 females, were enrolled in this study. All were older than 65 years, and wore complete dentures. Intraoral examinations were performed in accordance with the 10 criteria embedded in the Functional Assessment of Dentures (FAD). Participants also received personal interviews and completed the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. The associations between MDR (tongue support) with the mean OHIP‐14 sum scores and FAD categories were analyzed using the t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Combinations of MDR (tongue support), MDR (resistance to vertical pull), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement) were also assessed with the remaining FAD criteria and OHIP‐14 domain scores. Individuals with adequate MDR (tongue support) were significantly associated with denture articulation, denture occlusion, MDR (resistance to vertical pull), maxillary denture stability (pronounced rocking), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement). When individuals with adequate MDR (tongue support) were analyzed in conjunction with adequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) and adequate mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement), significant associations were observed with the mean OHIP‐14 sum score and three individual OHIP‐14 domains: functional limitation, physical pain, and physical disability (p ＜ 0.05). The mean OHIP‐14 sum score was lower among individuals with both adequate MDR (tongue support) and inadequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) than among participants with both inadequate MDR (tongue support) and inadequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull). MDR (tongue support) demonstrated significant differences from denture occlusion, denture articulation, MDR (resistance to vertical pull), maxillary denture stability (pronounced rocking), and mandibular denture stability (anterior–posterior movement). MDR (tongue support), in conjunction with both adequate MDR (resistance to vertical pull) and adequate mandibular stability (anterior–posterior movement), were significantly associated with the individuals’ oral health‐related well being.
The Australian-ness of Curriculum Jigsaws: Where Does Environmental Education Fit?
Authors: Gough Annette 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews Australian Government actions related to environmental education, particularly in the past decade, and examines the actions forthcoming from two national action plans (Environment Australia, 2000 and DEWHA, 2009), the implementation strategy for the Decade of ESD (DEWHA, 2006) and developments related to the Australian Curriculum. This analysis is inspired by the Australian-ness of the metaphor of the curriculum as a jigsaw puzzle suggested by Robottom (1987), the seemingly constant battle for survival in the formal curriculum that environmental education has faced since the 1970s (Fensham, 1990; Gough, 1997), and the ongoing tensions between science education and environmental education in Australia's formal school curriculum.
Experiencing Beach in Australia: Study Abroad Students' Perspectives
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshifumi , Payne Phillip G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe current “Australian-ness” of outdoor environmental education is an evolving “set” of socio-cultural constructions. These constructions can be interpreted within the circumstances of an empirical study of tertiary study abroad students' participation in an undergraduate semester long unit “Experiencing the Australian Landscape” (EAL) as an ambivalent mixture of belonging and beach, or solidity and fuidity. This ambivalence imparts various meanings within and about the Australian context of beach as a “place”. The study is based on an interpretive mixed method ethnographic and phenomenological small-scale case study. It fnds that the beach experience is infuenced by various social discourses, such as neocolonialism, individualism and mobility. Participants experienced the beach in a fuid sense of non-belonging, despite the EAL intention of fostering a place-responsive pedagogy. In order to understand their experience and its alleged link to an enhanced environmental awareness, an embodied dialectic descriptive interpretation of place experience is suggested.
As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia
Authors: Smith Phil , Collier Grahame , Storey Hazel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.
The Latin antiphon and the question of frequency of interpolation
Authors: Nowacki Edward 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe theory that the antiphon is a kind of refrain and that its original purpose was to be inserted between all the verses of its respective psalm was articulated by Giuseppe Maria Tommasi in the seventeenth century and has been transmitted by liturgical historians with little criticism ever since that time. The present article examines the evidence on which that theory rests, with special attention to the writings of Amalar of Metz, and finds it to be inconclusive or positively contrary to the claims that have been built upon it. The article considers the evidence of antiphonal psalmody at Mass, as transmitted in Ordo Romanus I, and finds support there for the view that antiphons were normally performed only at the beginning and end of their respective psalms. After considering briefly the Liber Pontificalis and the tradition of psalmodic differentiae, the article turns to the treatment of antiphonal psalmody by the liturgical historians Guillaume Durand and Radulph de Rivo in the late Middle Ages and finds in their writings no evidence of a belief that frequent interpolation was the authentic primitive practice. The article concludes that two iterations of the antiphon, once at the beginning and once at the end of the psalm, suited its original thematic intent and that the theory of reiteration after every verse – effectively conflating antiphonal and responsorial psalmody – may be no older than the liturgical scholarship of Tommasi in the late seventeenth century.