bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a horse family with a crossing‐over between the ELA complex and the A blood group system
Authors: GUERIN G. , VAREWYCK H. , BERTAUD M. , CHASSET P. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.A horse family in which a recombination occurred in the chromosome region coding for the serological specificities of the ELA complex and those of the A blood group system of a mare was further analysed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and Southern blot hybridization. This family consisted of a stallion, a mare and five full sibs. The stallion and the mare were heterozygous for internationally recognized ELA specificities while only the mare was heterozygous for the A blood group system. MLR between all members of the family confirmed that the stallion possessed two different ELA haplotypes and suggested that recombination in the mare occurred outside the segment delimited by the ELA‐A locus and the MLR region. DNA samples from all individuals were investigated by Southern blot analysis using three restriction enzymes (EcoRI, HindIII or TaqI), three human HLA probes (one of class I cDNA and two of class II probes), one cDNA (DRß) and one genomic (DQα). Class I and class II restriction fragments of the mare segregated in accordance to the ELA specificities and thus clearly confirming that the crossing‐over did not occur between the ELA‐A gene and the class I, class II region nor between DRß and DQα subsets. The A blood group genetic determinants would thus be situated outside the ELA region defined by class I and class II genes.
The red cell ‘X’‐protein system in goats: evidence for a third allele in a Malaysian breed
Authors: HASIMA N. , DHALIWAL S. S. , MUKHERJEE T. K. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Genetic polymorphism of the ‘X’‐protein in red cells from Malaysian Katjang goats was demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.3. Two new phenotypes were observed, suggesting that one new allele is involved. A new nomenclature for the ‘X’‐protein system in goats is proposed.
Joint Report of the First International Comparison Test on Swine Lymphocyte Alloantigens (SLA)
Authors: RENARD CH. , KRISTENSEN B. , GAUTSCHI C. , HRUBAN V. , FREDHOLM M. , VAIMAN M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.The first international comparison test on swine lymphocyte alloantigens (SLA) was held in Helsinki, Finland in July 1986. The results reported were based on a comparison of 157 alloantisera originating from six laboratories. The antisera were tested against a selected panel of 264 lymphocyte samples belonging to four laboratories. The most common breeds in Europe were chosen for this first comparison test (Landrace and Large White). Eighteen of the 31 previously known specificities were confirmed and a new nomenclature was established.
Genetic and other effects on antibody and cell mediated immune response in swine leucocyte antigen (SLA)‐defined miniature pigs
Authors: MALLARD B. A. , WILKIE B. N. , KENNEDY B. W. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Miniature pigs of eight swine leucocyte antigens (SLA) haplotypes were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and the synthetic peptide (T, G)‐A–L to induce antibody. Bacillus Calmette Geurin (BCG) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were used to induce cell mediated immune response (CMI). Analysis of variance by least squares was used to assess the effects of SLA haplotype, sire, dam, litter and sex of pig on the magnitude of the primary and secondary antibody response and on dermal delayed type hypersensitivity induced by purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and DNCB‐induced contact hypersensitivity.The statistical model accounted for 43.50–77.30% of the observed variability in antibody and CMI at various times after immunization or challenge. While SLA had a significant effect on both antibody and CMI to some antigens at some, but not all times, sire, dam and litter were more frequently significant and to a greater degree.Haplotypes dd, dg and gg produced more antibody to SRBC and (T, G)‐A–L while dg and gg had higher primary, but not secondary antibody response to HEWL. Delayed hypersensitivity to PPD was most marked in pigs of dd, dg and gg haplotypes while contact hypersensitivity to DNCB was expressed least in the dg and gg haplotype pigs.Heritability estimates were high for response to (T, G)‐A–L and HEWL indicating feasibility of selective breeding for these traits.
Genetic relationships between 14 native Spanish breeds of goat
Authors: TUNÓN M. J. , GONZALEZ P. , VALLEJO M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. The genetic distances separating 14 Spanish goat breeds are calculated from gene frequency data of 14 genetic blood markers (GSH, Ke, Hb, Dia, Ct, MDH, CA, X, NP, Alp, Am, Cp, Tf and Al).Working from the matrix of Nei's genetic distances we drew a dendrogram demonstrating a great genetic similarity among populations from Negra Serrana, Zamorana, Guadarrama, Retinta, Blanca Andaluza, Berciana and Pirenaica on one hand; and Canaria, Murciana, Blanca Celtibérica, Verata, Palmera, Malaguena and Granadina on the other.We discuss the similarities and differences within our classification using gene frequency data of the blood genetic markers studied, and classifications based chiefly on morphological and production data.
Associations between blood groups, blood protein polymorphisms and breeding values for production traits in Swedish Red and White Dairy bulls
Authors: ANDERSSON‐EKLUND L. , DANELL B. , RENDEL J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. The relationships of nine blood group systems and two blood protein polymorphisms with breeding values for several production traits were examined in dairy cattle of the Swedish Red and White (SRB) breed. The material consisted of 2212 bulls; the bulls were performance tested for growth rate and their breeding values for milk yield, fat and protein content in milk were estimated from progeny tests.The direct effect of marker alleles or marker phenotypes was analysed in a multiple regression model. Several significant associations were found; many supported earlier findings. However, the contribution of the markers to the total variation of the breeding values was very small. Linkage between marker loci and production loci was studied in offspring from heterozygous sires by estimating the interactions between sire and marker alle using a model eliminating the direct effects of sire and marker alle. There were strong indications of linkage between some marker loci (e.g. B, J and Am‐1 loci) and loci with large effects on production traits.
Chicken A blood groups system antigens: molecular characteristics and lack of expression on lymphocytes*
Authors: FULTON J. E. , BRILES W. E. , LAMONT S. J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. The molecular structure of two antigens (A2 and A4) of the chicken A blood group system was determined by using an A4‐specific monoclonal antibody (ISTJ‐cA) and several alloantisera specific for chicken A blood group antigens. Molecules immunoprecipitated from erythrocytes were separated on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) under either reducing or non‐reducing conditions. Molecules of relative molecular weights 53 0 and 54‐5 Kd were identified under reducing conditions for A2 and A4 antigens, respectively, and non‐reduced molecules had a relative molecular weight of 44‐5 Kd for both antigens. Two‐dimensional electrophoresis showed a similar, single, diffuse band near pH 6‐5 for each antigen. The data are consistent with a glycosylated molecule with one or more intrachain disulphide bonds. Allelic differences between A2 and A4 antigens seem to be due to an additional moiety on A4 antigen with a net neutral charge.Binding to chicken lymphocytes of antibody specific for A antigens was not detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Immunoprecipitations of radiolabelled peripheral blood lymphocyte‐surface molecules using ISU‐cA and A‐specific alloantisera also did not detect A blood group antigens. Thus, chicken A blood group antigens are not indicated to be present on lymphocytes.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the caprine ß‐globin gene cluster associated with the Hb ß‐globin variants in Norwegian dairy goats
Authors: BERGERSEN O. , BRAEND M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to characterize the ß‐globin cluster in Norwegian dairy goats. In 122 individuals, different RFLP patterns were detected after BglII and PstI digestion and hybridization with a caprineß‐globin probe. The location of the polymorphic BglII and PstI sites were determined. The different RFLPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the ß‐globin locus as studied at the protein level. A preferential association between certain RFLP haplotypes and ß‐globin variants was observed.Polymorphic DNA fragments in the e‐globin genes were detected after MspI digestion and hybridization with a caprine e‐probe, and eight different band patterns were observed. Correlation between different MspI haplotypes and the ß‐globin variants was determined.
Production of alloantibodies against bovine B‐lymphocyte antigens
Authors: ARRIENS M. A. , HESFORD F. , RUFF G. , LAZARY S. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. A series of alloimmunizations were carried out between BoLA class I antigen typed bulls, with the aim of generating class II specific reagents. Of the antisera produced, seven demonstrated exclusively B cell reactivity. Another 19 sera reacted with both T and B cells from some animals and with B cells only in other cases. Suitable buffy coat absorptions removed T cell reactivity from some sera and shortened broader reactivities in certain B cell specific sera. Typing of separated T and B cells from related and unrelated animals permitted clustering of the sera into four groups. These groups behave as allelic specificities.The class II nature of the recognized structures was strongly indicated by two further pieces of evidence. The presence or absence of particular B cell antigens correlated with reactivity of cells in one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures. In addition, a number of the B cell specific sera were characterized by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled lymphocytes. The precipitated products corresponded in molecular weight to α and ß chains of MHC class II dimers, as has been found in this and other species.
Genetic polymorphism of plasminogen and vitamin D binding protein in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)
Authors: TATE M. L. , DODDS K. G. , THOMAS K. J. , McEWAN K. M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Genetic polymorphism was detected in the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.), plasma proteins, plasminogen (PLG) and vitamin D binding protein (GC) using antiserum to human proteins. The affinity of the antisera to deer plasma was less than 10% that of a human standard but they bound specifically to proteins of molecular weight expected for GC and PLG.Three codominant alleles of GC and five of PLG were observed. In a set 124 farmed deer calves and their parents, six calves had genotypes which were not consistent with the expectations of inheritance. Further inconsistencies were found when variation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and transferrin (TRF) was examined. Using genetic models which included pedigree error parameters the data were shown to be consistent with genetic inheritance of all loci in a data set containing approximately 4.8% (SE 14%) parent‐progeny pedigree mismatches.In samples from four deer populations representative of the red deer introduced to New Zealand the GC and PLG polymorphismms provided a probability of paternity exclusion (PE) of between 0.34 and 0.54 and when IDH and TRF were also included the PE was between 0.46 and 0.66. The four populations differed significantly in allele frequency, which supports historical evidence that they originate from separate introductions of small numbers of European red deer.
Mapping the bovine genome: methodological aspects and strategy*
Authors: Fries R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe mapping of genes that control traits of economic importance will ultimately lead to the unravelling of the molecular basis of genetic variation. The main prerequisite for mapping of the unknown genes is a sufficient number of highly polymorphic marker loci which are evenly distributed along the chromosomes. The establishment of such a marker map in cattle and other species is based on methods used in human gene mapping. Comparative mapping facilitates saturation of the chromosomes with markers by utilizing the high degree of conservation of synteny among mammalian species. Comparative mapping will also allow access to the detailed mapping data and to extensive sequence information expected from the human genome initiative.
Characterization of porcine polymorphic microsatellite loci
Authors: Coppieters W. , Van de Weghe A. , Peelman L. , VAN Zeveren A , Bouquet Y. , Depicker A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTwenty‐seven (CA)n and two (GA)n microsatellite clones were isolated out of a size‐selected genomic pig library. These were sequenced and the number of uninterrupted dinucleotides was found to range from 12 to 26. Flanking primers were chosen for 11 dinucleotide repeats and optimal conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were established. Different microsatellite loci were amplified simultaneously by combining primer sets. Related and unrelated pigs were screened for length polymorphisms of the different microsatellite loci. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of these loci ranged between 0.62 and 0.83. Segregation studies in pig reference families established Mendelian inheritance. Locus S0022 was found to be X‐linked.
DNA sequence analysis of serologically detected ELA class II haplotypes at the equine DQP locus
Authors: Szalai G. , Lazary S. , Bailey E. , Gerber H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe genetic diversity at the ELA DQβ locus was investigated using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Based upon serological methods 16 class II homozygous animals were selected and their genomic DNA was used. A DQβ gene from an equine cDNA library was also sequenced. Our methology and the similarity between the genomic and the cDNA sequences suggest that the studied locus is expressed on equine lymphocytes. In the predicted amino acid sequence the most extensive variation is located at residues 56–60. The pattern of these five amino acids is strongly correlated to the serological ELA class II specificities (W13, W22, W23, Be200). The alleles corresponding to the W23 specificity are the most divergent among the equine DQβ alleles and also from other mammalian DQβ sequences.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the chicken B‐F and B‐L genes and their association with serologically defined B haplotypes
Authors: Juul‐Madsen H. R. , Simonsen M. , Hedemand J. E. , Salomonsen J. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeven serologically defined chicken haplotypes have been analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with chicken cDNA probes specific for MHC class I and II. The results demonstrate an excellent correlation between the observed RFLP banding patterns in the investigated haplotypes and the serological B‐typing. In future, RFLP analysis in addition to serological B‐typing may sharpen the tools in the search for recombinant chromosomes separating B‐F and B‐L.
Synteny mapping in the horse using horse‐mouse heterohybridomas
Authors: Williams H. , Richards C. M. , Konfortov B. A. , Miller J. R. , Tucker E. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIn a study of 35 horse‐mouse heterohybridoma cell lines, synteny in the horse was found between LDHB, PEPB and IGFl and between NP, MPI and IDH2. A synteny between ADA and PEPC was also indicated. The loci for horse immunoglobulin light chain (IgL) genes and for LDHA were independent.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites from the canine genome
Authors: Holmes N. G. , Humphreys S. J. , Binns M. M. , Holliman A. , Curtis R. , Mellersh C. S. , Sampson I. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMicrosatellite sequences comprising (dC‐dA)n.(dG‐dT)n repeats have been isolated from canine libraries and sequenced. Oligonucleotide primers have been synthesized to the micro‐satellite flanking sequences and used in the polymerase chain reaction to amplify those loci from genomic DNA. The degree of polymorphism of each microsatellite was estimated in a set of unrelated dogs. It is concluded that of the 10 loci studied, nine are sufficiently polymorphic to be useful in genetic studies.
Cloning of a polymorphic canine genetic marker which maps to human chromosome 9
Authors: Hershfield B. , Chader G. , Aguirre G. , Hershfield B. , Aguirre G. , Chader G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe describe the cloning of a novel canine polymorphic genetic marker which maps to human chromosome 9. The sequence is 2092 bp, 59% GC rich, and contains three GC boxes. Chemilumin‐escent probing of zooblots showed evolutionary conservation. Dogs have three Bam HI alleles: 2.3 kb, 2.1 kb and 1.7 kb. Allele frequencies in 17 unrelated dogs representing 13 breeds are presented. Polymorphism for the 1.7‐kb allele in beagles is common. The 2.1‐kb allele is probably the ancestral allele since it is the most common and is also noted in the Cape hunting dog. Interestingly, in more than 50 dogs tested to date, the 2.3‐kb allele has been found only in miniature and giant schnauzers. This points to a common origin for these two breeds.
A new, partially deficient transferrin variant in the pig
Authors: Ĉ ízová D. , Stratil A. , Ĉepica S. , Müller E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA new, partially deficient transferrin variant (TF F) was found in serum samples of a wild boar and his offspring from crossing with Pietrain sows. Family analyses confirmed its genetic control by a codominant allele, TFF. Finding of this new variant has brought the total number of pig transferrin variants to nine (F, I, A, B, C, X, D', E, D).
Characterization of the 3‘ untranslated region of bovine parathyroid hormone gene in N'Dama and Boran cattle
Authors: Agaba M. , Kemp S. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe describe a polymorphism in the bovine gene PTHG which can be readily typed by PCR assay. The polymorphism is codominantly inherited and the allele frequencies appear characteristic of Bos indicus and B. taurus cattle.
Assessment of DNA fingerprinting for determining genetic diversity in sheep populations
Authors: Hermans I. F. , Chambers G. K. , Jordan T. W. , Morris C. A. , Towers N. R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGenomic DNA, prepared from 12 animals from four sheep flocks, was digested with either HaeIII or Hin fI and probed with three DNA fingerprinting probes. Mean DNA fingerprint band sharing and band frequency calculated for each flock were used to estimate genetic diversity. Each of the DNA fingerprinting systems showed the same trend in diversity within the sampled flocks, and greater diversity between the flocks than within the flocks. DNA fingerprinting therefore provides a useful measure of genetic diversity in sheep.
Equine plasminogen polymorphism: allelic frequencies in 23 breeds
Authors: Bowling A. T. , Penedo M. C. T. , Gordon L. , Bell K. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA modified procedure for detection of the two alleles of equine plasminogen using Western blotting methods following polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing is described. Gene frequencies in 23 breeds and Equus przewalskii are provided.
Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in poultry
Authors: Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , van Kampen A. J. A. , van der Poel J. J. , Groenen MAM 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMicrosatellite markers have been established for a large number of species, but up till now very few polymorphic microsatellite markers have been reported in poultry. We have isolated 34 polymorphic chicken microsatellite markers of the poly (TG) type. The number of repeats varied from 9 up to 33. Often, other repeats such as poly (T) or poly (GAA) were present adjacent to the poly (TG) repeat. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the microsatellites resulted in detection of three or more alleles in a test panel of five different animals for 75% of the microsatellites. Segregation of five microsatellite markers has been tested in a small family.
Somatic cell mapping of the bovine prion protein gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism studies in cattle and sheep
Authors: Ryan A M , Womack J E 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBrains affected by the progressive neurological disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contain scrapie‐associated fibrils and the protease‐resistant isoform of prion protein. The gene encoding the normal host prion protein (PRNP) has been mapped to human chromosome 20 and mouse chromosome 2 with the hamster cDNA probe pEA974. Using this probe and a panel of bovine‐rodent hybrid somatic cells, we have mapped PRNP to bovine syntenic group U11 (100% concordancy). PRNP restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected with five of six enzymes (BglII, EcoRI, HindIII, MspI and TaqI) in sheep, in contrast to one of 16 enzymes (HincII) in cattle. Codominant segregation of the bovine HincII RFLP was demonstrated in six backcross pedigrees. While PRNP RFLPs are tightly linked to scrapie incubation period, and consequently susceptibility or resistance to disease in rodents and sheep, the relationship between the PRNP RFLPs and BSE incubation period has not been determined.
DNA fingerprinting in roe deer using the digoxigenated probe (GTG)5
Authors: Mörsch G , Leibenguth F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide (GTG)5 was used as a multilocus probe to detect hypervariable microsatellites in roe deer DNA digested with Hae III. The resulting fingerprints of 24 animals belonging to four subpopulations were characterized with regard to within‐subpopulation as well as between‐subpopulation similarity. The mean number of polymorphic fragments was 20 and the average band‐sharing rate for unrelated animals 0.27. A mean probability of 91.5% for a fragment to be present in the heterozygous state was evaluated and the probabilities of identical band patterns in unrelated individuals were estimated to be in the range 1.3 times 10‐16 ‐ 2.5 times 10‐18. Though band‐sharing rates of animals belonging to different subpopulations (range 0.18‐0.24) were lower than those of within‐subpopulations, several measures of population subdivision and the genetic distance do not reveal a striking differentiation of the subpopulations studied.
Pronounced differences in the frequency of TaqI βA‐inhibin alleles between sheep breeds with different reproductive performance
Authors: Leyhe B , Hiendleder S , Jaeger C , Wassmuth R 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA total of 419 individuals of four breeds with differing fecundity (Rhoenschaf, Merinolandschaf, East Friesian Milksheep, Romanov) and several wild sheep of the Ovis musimon, O. orientalis, O. vignei and O. ammon groups were screened for genetic variation at the βA‐inhibin (INHBA) locus with up to 11 enzymes. The four breeds differed significantly (P< 0.001) in TaqI allele frequencies. The frequency of the TaqI A allele coincided with the average litter size in each breed.