bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular modeling of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 in complex with Thrombin Receptor Activator Peptide 6
Authors: Reboul E , El Hamaoui D. , Pasquali S. , Gaussem P. , Rossi E. , Taly A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and its activator thrombin re-ceptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP6) play crucial roles in various physiologi-cal and pathological processes, including hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer progression. Although the interaction between PAR1 and TRAP6 has been heavily studied using experimental technique such as mutagenesis, structural data remains scarce due to the technical hardship of studying membrane pro-teins such as PAR1.In this study, we employed an integrative modeling approach to elucidate the structure of the PAR1-TRAP6 complex. Leveraging state-of-the-art AI-based protein modeling tools, including AlphaFold2 and ESMFOLD, we in-tegrated HADDOCK, a physics-based method to refine predictions. Overall, the predicted structures are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. Our model unveiled a new T-shaped pi-stacking interaction between TRAP6’s F2 and PAR1’s Y360.The integrative modeling approach combining the predictions of the deep learning model with a physics-based method proves to be an interesting strat-egy for solving challenging membrane protein structures with high confidence. Our model of the PAR1-TRAP6 complex will be an interesting starting point for further investigation of the activation of PAR1 by TRAP6.
Assessing the impact of periodontal therapy on tooth loss: a register-based longitudinal study in Denmark
Authors: Raittio Eero , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile regular periodontal care is advocated to reduce tooth loss considerably among periodontitis patients, evidence from observational studies is often limited to small single-center studies. This study aims to quantify the effect of periodontal care on tooth extractions using comprehensive Danish register data.MethodsA nation-wide register-based cohort study was conducted, encompassing 40-year- old individuals with incident periodontitis in 2001, tracked through Danish registers until the end of 2021. Receiving any periodontal care was determined annually, and the number of non-surgical tooth extractions serving as the annually varying outcome. G-estimation of structural nested mean models adjusted for time-varying confounding and loss to follow-up were employed to estimate the average treatment effect of periodontal therapy on subsequent tooth extractions.ResultsThe study included 1,251 40-year-olds with incident periodontitis in 2001. The average follow-up from 2002 onwards was 19.1 years and amounted to 23,878 person-years. On average, participants received periodontal care in 12.1 years (SD 6.3) and lost an average of 1.4 teeth (SD 3.0). G-estimation showed that receiving periodontal therapy in a given year reduced the number of teeth extracted in the following year by 0.03 (95% CI: -0.00; 0.05). The cumulative effect of receiving periodontal therapy for five consecutive years was associated with an average of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03; 0.11) less extracted teeth, while on average 0.36 teeth were lost in a five-year period (0.072 per year). This protective effect was observed regardless of the baseline severity of periodontitis.ConclusionsPeriodontal therapy resulted in a modest reduction in tooth extractions. The effectiveness of periodontal therapy against tooth loss seems to be considerably smaller than indicated by earlier clinical studies.
Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Persistent Renal Dysfunction: A Multicenter Propensity Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Stannard Blaine , Epstein Richard H. , Gabel Eilon , Nadkarni Girish N. , Ouyang Yuxia , Lin Hung-Mo , Salari Valiollah , Hofer Ira S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of developing a persistent reduction in renal function after postoperative acute kidney injury (pAKI) is not well-established.ObjectivePerform a multi-center retrospective propensity matched study evaluating whether patients that develop pAKI have a greater decline in long-term renal function than patients that did not develop postoperative AKI.DesignMulti-center retrospective propensity matched study.SettingAnesthesia data warehouses at three tertiary care hospitals were queried.PatientsAdult patients undergoing surgery with available preoperative and postoperative creatinine results and without baseline hemodialysis requirements.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was a decline in follow-up glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 40% relative to baseline, based on follow-up outpatient visits from 0-36 months after hospital discharge. A propensity score matched sample was used in Kaplan-Meier analysis and in a piecewise Cox model to compare time to first 40% decline in GFR for patients with and without pAKI.ResultsA total of 95,208 patients were included. The rate of pAKI ranged from 9.9% to 13.7%. In the piecewise Cox model, pAKI significantly increased the hazard of a 40% decline in GFR. The common effect hazard ratio was 13.35 (95% CI: 10.79 to 16.51, p<0.001) for 0-6 months, 7.07 (5.52 to 9.05, p<0.001) for 6-12 months, 6.02 (4.69 to 7.74, p<0.001) for 12-24 months, and 4.32 (2.65 to 7.05, p<0.001) for 24-36 months.LimitationsRetrospective; Patients undergoing ambulatory surgery without postoperative lab tests drawn before discharge were not captured; certain variables like postoperative urine output were not reliably available.ConclusionPostoperative AKI significantly increases the risk of a 40% decline in GFR up to 36 months after the index surgery across three institutions.
Spectral Analysis Comparison of Pushbroom and Snapshot Hyperspectral Cameras forIn-VivoBrain Tissues and Chromophores Identification
Authors: Martín-Pérez Alberto , de Ternero Alejandro Martinez , Lagares Alfonso , Juarez Eduardo , Sanz César 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSignificanceHyperspectral imaging sensors have rapidly advanced, aiding in tumor diagnostics forin-vivobrain tumors. Linescan cameras effectively distinguish between pathological and healthy tissue, while snapshot cameras offer a potential alternative to reduce acquisition time.AimOur research compares linescan and snapshot hyperspectral cameras forin-vivobrain tissues and chromophores identification.ApproachWe compared a lines-can pushbroom camera and a snapshot camera using images from 10 patients with various pathologies. Objective comparisons were made using unnormalized and normalized data for healthy and pathological tissues. We utilized Interquartile Range (IQR) for the Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM), the Goodness-of-Fit Coefficient (GFC), and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) within the 659.95 to 951.42 nm range. Additionally, we assessed the ability of both cameras to capture tissue chromophores by analyzing absorbance from reflectance information.ResultsThe SAM metric indicates reduced dispersion and high similarity between cameras for pathological samples, with a 9.68% IQR for normalized data compared to 2.38% for unnormalized data. This pattern is consistent across GFC and RMSE metrics, regardless of tissue type. Moreover, both cameras could identify absorption peaks of certain chromophores. For instance, using the absorbance measurements of the linescan camera we obtained SAM values below 0.235 for four peaks, regardless of the tissue and type of data under inspection. These peaks are: one for cytochrome b in its oxidised form atλ= 422 nm, two for HbO2 atλ= 542 nm andλ= 576 nm, and one for water atλ= 976 nm.ConclusionThe spectral signatures of the cameras show more similarity with unnormalized data, likely due to snapshot sensor noise, resulting in noisier signatures post-normalization. Comparisons in this study suggest that snapshot cameras might be viable alternatives to linescan cameras for real-time brain tissues identification.
Comparison of healthcare resource use and cost between influenza and COVID-19 vaccine coadministration and influenza vaccination only
Authors: Mehta Darshan , Sun Tianyu , Wang Jane , Situ Aaron , Park Yoonyoung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare healthcare recourse utilizations (HCRU) and all-cause medical costs among individuals 50 years or older who received both influenza and COVID-19 vaccines on the same day and those that received influenza vaccine onlyMethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study leveraging Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® DataMart from 8/31/2021 to 7/31/2023. Individuals 50 years or older continuously enrolled in health plans for one year prior and until 7/31/2023 were included in the study. Subjects were categorized into 2 cohorts based on their vaccination status between 8/31/2022 and 1/31/2023: receiving influenza and COVID-19 vaccine on same day (co-admin cohort) and receiving influenza vaccine only (influenza cohort). The association between vaccination status and all-cause, influenza-related, COVID-related, pneumonia-related, and cardiorespiratory-related hospitalization, as well as outpatient or emergency room visits and all-cause medical costs was estimated by weighted generalized linear models, adjusting for confounding by stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting.Results613,156 (mean age: 71) and 1,340,011 (mean age: 72) individuals were included in the co-admin and influenza cohort respectively. After weighting, the baseline characteristics were balanced between cohorts. The co-admin cohort was at statistically significant lower risk of all-cause (RR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93-0.96), COVID-19-related (RR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.56-0.63), cardiorespiratory-related (RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.93-0.96) and pneumonia-related (RR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83-0.90) hospitalization but not influenza-related hospitalizations (RR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.81, 1.04) compared to influenza cohort. Co-administration was associated with 3% lower all-cause medical cost (cost ratio: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.968, 0.979) during the follow-up period compared to receiving influenza vaccine only.ConclusionReceiving both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines on the same day in comparison to receipt of influenza vaccine only was associated with reduced risk of HCRU, especially COVID-19 related hospitalization and all-cause medical costs. Interventions that increase vaccine coverage, particularly for COVID-19 might have public health and economic benefits.
Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in the Community: A Project Baseline Health Study
Authors: Fahed Gracia , Santana Everton , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Celestin Bettia , Carroll Megan K. , Short arah A. , Alexander Kevin M. , Bagherzadeh Shadi P. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Shah Svati H. , Salerno Michael , Douglas Pamela S. , Kusnetsova Tatiana , Daubert Melissa A. , Haddad Francois 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an important predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. To date, however, few studies have validated the prognostic value of the LVDD assessment guidelines in a community-based setting. This study aimed to validate the predictive significance of LVDD following recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and to explore the use of a diastolic score in characterizing LVDD, particularly in individuals who remain unclassified (indeterminate) by the guidelines.Materials and MethodsProject Baseline Health Study (PBHS) participants were included (n=1,952). LVDD was graded using the ASE/EACVI criteria. Multivariable Cox regression estimated associations between LVDD and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). To gain insights into the indeterminate group, we developed a novel diastolic score (0-6 points) with minor and major criteria guided by percentile deviation from a healthy reference cohort (n=565), including early mitral annular tissue Doppler velocity (e’), the ratio of early diastolic inflow velocity to e’ (E/e’), and left atrial volume index.ResultsAt enrollment, the mean age of participants was 50±16; and 56% were female. According to the ASE/EACVI guidelines, LVDD was indeterminate in 5.9% and present in 8.4% of participants, of whom 54.3% had an indeterminate LVDD grade. Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease were strongly associated with LVDD. Using the PBHS diastolic score, scores ≥3 and ≥4 were observed in 14.1% and 5.8% of the population, respectively. ASE/EACVI grades 2-3 corresponded with scores ≥4, whereas indeterminate categories corresponded with scores of 1-5. After multivariable adjustment, both LVDD grading systems predicted MACE (ASE/EACVI grade indeterminate and grades 2-3: aHRs 2.49 [95%CI: 1.39-4.46] and 5.7 [95%CI: 3.01-10.7], respectively; PBHS scores 4 and 5-6: aHRs 2.3 [95%CI: 1.25-4.33] and 5.3 [95%CI: 2.44-11.56], respectively).ConclusionsThis study validated the prognostic value of the ASE/EACVI diastolic function guidelines in the community. Assessing LVDD using a diastolic score free of indeterminate classifications may be worth exploring in future studies.ClinicalTrials.govIdentifierNCT03154346
Acquired hypothyroidism, iodine status and hearing impairment in adults: a pilot study
Authors: Grimmichova Tereza , Verespejova Ludmila , Urbaniova Zuzana , Chovanec Martin , Hill Martin , Bilek Radovan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesHearing impairment can have major impacts on behavior, educational attainment, social status, and quality of life. In congenital hypothyroidism, the incidence of hearing impairment reaches 35-50%, while in acquired hypothyroidism there is a reported incidence of 25%. Despite this, knowledge of the pathogenesis, incidence and severity of hearing impairment remains greatly lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate hearing in patients with acquired hypothyroidism.Methods30 patients with untreated and newly diagnosed peripheral hypothyroidism (H) and a control group of 30 healthy probands (C) were enrolled in the study. Biochemical markers were measured, including median iodine urine concentrations (IUC) ⍰g/L. The hearing examination included a subjective complaint assessment, otomicroscopy, tympanometry, transitory otoacoustic emission (TOAE), tone audiometry, and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BERA) examinations. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s Exact test and multivariate regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe H and C groups had significantly different thyroid hormone levels (medians with 95% CI) TSH mU/L 13.3 (8.1, 19.3) vs. 1.97 (1.21, 2.25) p=0 and fT4 pmol/L 10.4 (9.51, 11.1) vs. 15 (13.8, 16.7) p=0. The groups did not significantly differ in age 39 (34, 43) vs. 41 (36,44) p=0.767 and IUC 142 (113, 159) vs. 123 (101, 157) p=0.814. None of the hearing examinations showed differences between the H and C groups: otomicroscopy (p=1), tympanometry (p=1), TOAE (p=1), audiometry (p=0.179), and BERA (p=0.505).ConclusionsWe did not observe any hearing impairment in adults with acquired hypothyroidism, and there were no associations found between hearing impairment and the severity of hypothyroidism or iodine status. However, some forms of hearing impairment, mostly mild, were very common in both studied groups.
Age-appropriate Vaccination and Associated Factors among Children Aged 12- 35 Months in Ethiopia: A Multi-Level Analysis
Authors: Worku Bekelu Teka , Wordofa Eshetu Alemayehu , Senbeto Gadisa , Zinab Beakal , Bayana Kebede Ebissa , Abamecha Fira , Debela Gurmessa Tura , Birhanu Negalign , Siraneh Yibeltal , Tamiru Dessalegn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAge-appropriate vaccination is one of the key public health measures to prevent morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its importance, there has been insufficient emphasis on tackling this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of age-appropriate vaccination and associated factors in Ethiopia.MethodData of 1077 children aged 12-35months were extracted from the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 using a prepared data extraction checklist and included in the analysis. The extracted data was analyzed using STATA version 14.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. then analysis at different levels was done using multilevel logistic regression. Significant variables were identified at p-value < 0.05 within 95% confidence level and AOR.ResultThe pooled prevalence of age-appropriate vaccination in this study was 21.17% at 95%CI (18.73-23.61). Factors like mothers aged >= 40 (AOR=4.05 at 95%CI1.03, 15.83), 35-39 years (AOR= 4.62 at 95%CI1.27,16.71), 25-29 years, (AOR =4.07 at 95%CI 1.18,14.03), Maternal secondary education (AOR=1.85 at 95% CI 1.06, 3.22), Maternal primary education (AOR= 1.60 at 95% CI1.07, 2.41) and rural residence (AOR=0.34, 95%CI 0.23,0.51) were significant predictors of age-appropriate vaccinations.ConclusionThis study concluded that the prevalence of age-appropriate vaccination of children in Ethiopia is below the desired level. Hence, the stakeholders should give due attention to the timely vaccination of children equally as the effort being made to increase the coverage.
Refinement of efficient encodings of movement in the dorsolateral striatum throughout learning
Authors: Jáidar Omar , Albarran Eddy , Albarran Eli Nathan , Wu Yu-Wei , Ding Jun B. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe striatum is required for normal action selection, movement, and sensorimotor learning. Although action-specific striatal ensembles have been well documented, it is not well understood how these ensembles are formed and how their dynamics may evolve throughout motor learning. Here we used longitudinal 2-photon Ca2+imaging of dorsal striatal neurons in head-fixed mice as they learned to self-generate locomotion. We observed a significant activation of both direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs, respectively) during early locomotion bouts and sessions that gradually decreased over time. For dSPNs, onset- and offset-ensembles were gradually refined from active motion-nonspecific cells. iSPN ensembles emerged from neurons initially active during opponent actions before becoming onset- or offset-specific. Our results show that as striatal ensembles are progressively refined, the number of active nonspecific striatal neurons decrease and the overall efficiency of the striatum information encoding for learned actions increases.
Neural Decoding and Feature Selection Techniques for Closed-Loop Control of Defensive Behavior
Authors: Liu Jinhan , Younk Rebecca , Drahos Lauren M , Nagrale Sumedh S , Yadav Shreya , Widge Alik S , Shoaran Mahsa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveMany psychiatric disorders involve excessive avoidant or defensive behavior, such as avoidance in anxiety and trauma disorders or defensive rituals in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Developing algorithms to predict these behaviors from local field potentials (LFPs) could serve as foundational technology for closed-loop control of such disorders. A significant challenge is identifying the LFP features that encode these defensive behaviors.ApproachWe analyzed LFP signals from the infralimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala of rats undergoing tone-shock conditioning and extinction, standard for investigating defensive behaviors. We utilized a comprehensive set of neuro-markers across spectral, temporal, and connectivity domains, employing SHapley Additive exPlanations for feature importance evaluation within Light Gradient-Boosting Machine models. Our goal was to decode three commonly studied avoidance/defensive behaviors: freezing, bar-press suppression, and motion (accelerometry), examining the impact of different features on decoding performance.Main resultsBand power and band power ratio between channels emerged as optimal features across sessions. High-gamma (80-150 Hz) power, power ratios, and inter-regional correlations were more informative than other bands that are more classically linked to defensive behaviors. Focusing on highly informative features enhanced performance. Across 4 recording sessions with 16 subjects, we achieved an average coefficient of determination of 0.5357 and 0.3476, and Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.7579 and 0.6092 for accelerometry jerk and bar press rate, respectively. Utilizing only the most informative features revealed differential encoding between accelerometry and bar press rate, with the former primarily through local spectral power and the latter via inter-regional connectivity. Our methodology demonstrated remarkably low time complexity, requiring<110 ms for training and<1 ms for inference.SignificanceOur results demonstrate the feasibility of accurately decoding defensive behaviors with minimal latency, using LFP features from neural circuits strongly linked to these behaviors. This methodology holds promise for real-time decoding to identify physiological targets in closed-loop psychiatric neuromodulation.
Evidence for optimal behavior of predators from parallel field investigations in two distinct wolf-prey systems
Authors: Prokopenko Christina M. , Kingdon Katrien A. , Dupont Daniel L.J. , Naaykens Taylor M. , Prokopenko John , Turner Julie W. , Zabihi-Seissan Sana , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnimals behave ‘optimally’ when they minimize their costs while maximizing their energetic gain. Optimal foraging theory predicts that with decreasing resource abundance, animals will increase 1) niche breadth, 2) territory size and movement distance, and 3) time spent at resource patches. We test these predictions by investigating clusters from GPS collared wolves (Canis lupus) in two predator populations with marked differences in their prey composition and abundance. As expected, wolves in a less abundant system increase niche breadth, territory size, step lengths, and time spent at each kill. Our work provides evidence of optimal behavior in an apex predator which can support population resilience across changing landscapes.
Microbial interactions affect the tempo and mode of antibiotic resistance evolution
Authors: Zandbergen Laurens E. , van den Heuvel Joost , Farr Andrew D. , Zwaan Bas J. , de Visser J. Arjan G. M. , de Vos Marjon G. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global rise of antibiotic resistance impedes the treatment of bacterial infections. To limit the emergence and evolution of antibiotic resistance it is important to understand how bacterial interactions in multispecies communities affect the course of evolution. We investigated how ecological interactions between microbes derived from polymicrobial urinary tract infections affect the tempo and mode of antibiotic resistance evolution. We show that for representative strains of three uropathogens,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaeandEnterococcus faecium,the rate and evolutionary trajectories towards antibiotic resistance differ depending on the conditioned medium mediated interactions with other microbes that alter their growth and antibiotic tolerance. Replicate lineages of the same species evolved under similar ecological conditions show parallel evolutionary trajectories, and resistance mutations and other functional targets selected differed between these conditions. Our findings demonstrate that bacterial interactions differentially affect the evolutionary potential of antibiotic resistance evolution.