bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Related Quality of Life in Psychiatric Inpatients and ITS Correlation with the Personality Characteristic of Dispositional Optimism
Authors: Lyrakos G.N. , Karachalios M. , Spinaris B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionQuality of life (QoL) research has increased during last decates. Psychiatric patients spend many days for their treatment so QoL is something that should be measured for these patients too.AimsTo examine the relationship between dispositional optimism and Quality of life (QOL) among patients suffering from schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, and other psychiatric conditions from a psychiatric department and to find out the existing correlations with other measures of personality characteristics.ObjectsTo reveal the underlining correlation between QoL and dispositional optimism.Methods69 inpatients in a psychiatric ward in Athens-Greece took part in the study.31 (44.9%) of them were males and 38 (55.1%) females. The questionnaires that were used are the Short Form health questionnaire (SF12), the life orientation test-revised (GrLOT-R), the subjective well being scale (SWBC) and the Satisfaction with life Scale(SWLS).ResultsBoth Physical (M = 39,9 SD = ±7,2) and Mental (M = 29,4 SD = ±7,8) composite scores are lower than in the greek general population (M = 50 SD = ±6,8). Optimism (M = 14,8 SD = ±4.9) correlates significantly with both mental (p = ,571**) and physical (p = ,438**) health, well being (p = ,427**) and with the days of hospitalization (p = .,261**). Global happiness correlates significantly only with mental health (p = ,493**) and well being (p = ,573**).ConclusionsQuality of life in mental patients seems to have a mediator and that is Optimism. Optimistic patients seems to have better health related quality of life and well being and stays more days in hospital for treatment needs.
Personality Dimensions and Attitude Towards the Disease: Fibromyalgia
Authors: Pena-Andreu J.M. , Garcia-Masegosa J.F. , Gil-Aguilar V. , Garcia-Ramos M.J. , Fontalba-Navas A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere have been numerous studies that reveal attitudes of different social groups in relation to mental illness, but have not been developed none in other chronic diseases such as fibromyalgia.Our hypothesis is to demonstrate that there are certain beliefs about the disease that determine attitudes, and these beliefs may be related to certain personality patterns.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between personality dimensions and attribution of causes fibromyalgia.MethodEvaluation of a sample of medical students, which were administered the following tests: demographic data (age, sex, year of study), Zuckerman-Kuhlman's Questionnaire of personality, level of concern about the disease and survey of possible causes in fibromyalgia.ResultsA total of 34 students were interviewed, between 3rd and 6th grade of Medicine, with a mean age of 24.8 years (sd 5.5). 70.6% were women. 20.6% had contact with the disease (which in most cases a family member diagnosed with fibromyalgia), no statistically significant differences with respect to the concern about the disease, compared with the rest. There is a high level of agreement in the sample in the attribution of cause of fibromyalgia to a genetic predisposition, personality or sleep disorders.In our study, Neuroticism stands between personality dimension. High scores on this dimension are associated with statistically significant differences (t-student), to attribute the cause “attract attention” (p = 0.02) or the “Influence of the mass media” (p = 0,03) in fibromyalgia.ConclusionsThere are dimensions of personality such as neuroticism, which may influence the attribution of causes of the disease Fibromyalgia.
Investigation the Role of Personality Factors that Cause to Stress in University Students
Authors: Pourabdolisardroud M. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction & objectivesThis study investigated relationship among personality dimensions based on Jungian personality types and stress in university students.MethodThe studied population included 200 students between ages of 19–26 were randomly selected from three universities and Coudron's Stress Inventory (CSI) and Hogan - Champagne's Personal Style Inventory (PSI) were administered on them. PSI assesses eight personality dimensions based on Jungian personality types (introversion-extroversion E/I, intuition- sensing N/S, thinking-feeling T/F, perceiving-judging P/J). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and independent T test.ResultsFindings showed negative correlation between extroversion and stress and positive correlation between introversion and stress. Analysis of personality dimensions showed male are more intuition than female and female are more sensing than male.DiscussionBased on findings, considering that introverted are quiet, diligent at working alone, and socially reserved, they make decisions somewhat independently and prodding from situations, cultures, people, or things around them, so facing to stress factors interrupt their own world and reduce their function, cause to variability in situation and stress emerge.
Audit and re-audit of patients with PTSD in a community team in bedfordshire UK
Authors: Agius M. , Middleton E. , Zaman R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder which can develop following exposure to one or more severely traumatic events. Symptoms experienced by PTSD suffers include re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive ‘flashbacks’ and recurrent dreams or nightmares, distress when exposed to reminders of the trauma, hyperarousal and emotional blunting. These symptoms can cause significant impairment of function and reduction in quality of life for suffers. Both psychotherapies, including cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), and pharmacotherapy are used in the treatment of PTSD.MethodWe audited patients with PTSD in Bedford East performed in November 2008. A re-audit was performed using data from August 2010 patient database. Demographic information, risk factors, co-morbidities, psychological therapy and pharmacotherapy were compared between these audit and re-audit.ResultsThere is increased use of antidepressant augmentation between 2008 and 2010. While no patients in 2008 were on antidepressant augmentations, by 2010, 9 patients were. All 25 patients on anti-psychotics have important identified risk factors. There is no evidence of Psychosis in our PTSD patients except in two cases. There is an increase in Anti-psychotic use in our PTSD Patients. There is an increased use of Mood Stabilisers in our patients with PTSD.DiscussionPTSD is being identified more frequently in our patients, probably because of greater awareness and more accurate identification.ConclusionNew patients being identified represent a group of more difficult to treat patients who represent severe risks. Present psychotherapies offered are not all recommended in present guidelines.
War psychic disorders treatment: Current perspectives
Authors: Colas M.-D. , Calteau M. , Trousselard M. , Canini F. , de Montleau F. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundThe confrontation with extreme events, such as a death threat, may release acute psychiatric troubles named “acute stress disorders” in the DSMIV-TR. Current operational context in Afghanistan is unpredictable and leads military surgeons to support soldiers facing major psychic suffering. Clinical practice confronts them with the difficulty to decrease the symptoms often strong, especially sleep disorders. Circadian rhythm disruption, lack of recovery may be at the origin of somatic and mental exhaustion.MethodsWe propose a debate about the principles of a medico-psychological handling based on the current operational experiences of the French military psychiatry. Special operational circumstances led military psychiatrists to prescribe an antipsychotic, small-dose, in the evening.ResultsUnexpected results are observed on some symptoms like sleep disorders (improvement of sleep disorders, less traumatic nightmares, sensation of restorative night) and hyperarousal.ConclusionsThis clinical discovery leads to a reflection on physiopathological and pharmacological perspectives and to engage an observational study over 30 clinical cases and clinical trial project. Identifying, preventing, and treating operational stress at battlefront can provide the opportunity not only to improve operational performance, but also possibly to improve case by case the mental health.
The impact of a tragic accident on mental health professionals
Authors: Papanikolaou K. , Voura N. , Darai N. , Koukoulas G. , Roboti P. , Angelidis G.F. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the psychological impact of the tragic accident in Tempi which cost of 21 students’ life (2003), on mental health professionals (MHP).MaterialBDI and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores of PHPO MHP (psychiatrists/child-psychiatrist/psychologies/social workers) who offered support to victims’families/teachers/rest of the students.Method/resultsThe personnel were deployed to the area exposed to witnessing experiences/impressions of the accident. Participants responded to BDI 10 days and IES-R 9–10 months past-accident. There was an IES-R retest 7 years later. The response rate was 100%. All achieved mild depression scores. As for IES-R, common qualities of conscious experience were found among them, though with different personality styles. Two major response sets, intrusion (unbidden thoughts/troubled dreams/waves of feelings/repetitive behavior) and avoidance (denial of the meanings of the event/behavioral inhibition/counterphobic activity/emotional numbness) were abstracted from evaluation.No sex differences were mentioned as there was only one male in the group.A correlation of 0.42 (p > 0.0002) between intrusion and avoidance subscale scores indicated that the two subsets were associated, though not measuring identical dimensions.7 years later the mean score of the personnel on IES-R was 23: Impact Event: may be affected. All achieved a quite high score on the response ‘any reminder brought back feelings about it’.ConclusionMHP face additional emotional strain often over extended periods of time. There is a need to develop strategies such as insight oriented training. Research is imperative and an ethical requirement to find ways to protect the health of the carers and so their patients.
Prenatal depression: role of childhood stressors, current stressors and past emotional disorders
Authors: Dayan J. , Creveuil C. , O’Keane V. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundVery few studies have conducted a multivariate analysis incorporating both the major predictors of depression in women, in accordance with comprehensive developmental models of depression, and specific stressors associated with the biological and psychosocial state of the mother-to-be.MethodologyWe used a cross-sectional cohort design to analyze the associations between prenatal depression and potential risk factors. 693 French-speaking women with singleton pregnancies at 20–28 weeks’ gestation were consecutively recruited. Fifty women with missing values were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Risk factors were either extracted from the computerized obstetric records or assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires. The associations between prenatal depression and the potential risk factors were assessed using log-binomial regression models to obtain a direct estimate of relative risk.Principal findingsThe following factors were found to be significant in the multivariate analysis: level of education, past psychiatric history, stress related to the health and viability of the fetus and stress related to severe marital conflicts or to serious difficulties at work. An association was also found with the previous delivery of a child with a major or minor birth defect. Univariate analyses revealed a strong association with childhood adversity (parental rejection and family secrets).ConclusionsOur study identifies several risk factors that could easily be assessed in clinical practice. It draws attention to the impact of previously delivering a child with a birth defect and to the association with childhood adversity.
Provision of perinatal mental health services in a community setting
Authors: George M.K. , Parashar N.R. , Leek C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychiatric illness and suicide in particular have been a leading overall cause of maternal mortality in the United Kingdom. Although the most recent Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health indicated that this is no longer leading causes, mental health problems before and after childbirth have a significant impact on the health of women, family relationships and children's subsequent development.AimsTo identify the current practice for management and prevention of perinatal mental illness within a community mental health setting.To identify the extent to which policy recommendations from NICE “Antenatal and postnatal mental health” been implementedMethodsThe audit included all women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or who are planning to become pregnant and referred to the CMHT between November 2008 to April 201020 Cases identified by asking all team members to recall relevant clients.Results65% of those referred were in the antenatal period and 25% were in the post natal period. 40% of those referred had a pre existing mental illness and 60% were new onset during antenatal & postnatal period.The main diagnosis was depression and anxiety disorders.55% of those referred to the CMHT were on Psychotropic medications. However following the assessment and follow up by CMHT, only 25% of those referred needed to be on the psychotropics.Good compliance was achieved in the documentation of past psychiatric history and family history, provision of appropriate psychosocial interventions and specific considerations for the use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Diurnal pattern of cortisol and amylase output in postnatal depression
Authors: Kammerer M. , Taylor A. , Khalife N. , O’Donnell K. , Marks M. , Glover V. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis study investigated the diurnal output of saliva cortisol and saliva amylase in women with symptoms of depression postnatally.MethodTwenty one depressed and 30 non depressed women at 7.5 weeks postpartum, and 21 non perinatal controls, collected saliva at waking, 30 minutes, and three and twelve hours post waking.ResultsWomen who were not depressed postnatally showed a pattern of cortisol secretion over the day similar to non perinatal controls. There was a significant difference in diurnal pattern between postnatally depressed and postnatally non depressed women, due to a difference in the first two time points (waking and +30 mins): compared to the other two groups who each had a significant increase in cortisol levels from waking to +30 minutes, the depressed women had significantly higher cortisol levels at waking and no increase at +30 minutes. Analyses of amylase are underway and will be presented.ConclusionThe lack of a morning rise in the depressed women is similar to that reported for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome and may reflect a response, in vulnerable women, to the marked cortisol withdrawal that occurs after delivery. Alternatively it could be a trait marker for women at risk of developing postnatal depression.
Menstruation cycle resembles parametric oscillation and subject to exact prediction: Mathematical model explaining hypothalamic behavior in response to stress, multiple pregnancies risk and external stimuli
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Rad Z. Talaee 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesReproductive events (cycle length, ovulation) behave regularly in some and chaotic in others. A mathematical model based on empirical data is developed to predict these parameters and hypothalamic oscillations with enough exactness.Materials and methodsThirty eight cases were evaluated by autoregressive moving average and laboratory study of a series of hormones.ResultsCycle to cycle correction with noise is the best model fit to both very regular and very irregular patients. Addition of two hormones (estradiol and GnRH twice) at any time during the cycle can predict the time of the next menstruation with an exactness of 10h and fertility based on the simplified formula: T1 = T0 + k ∫ [Ω(Est-d0GnRH0/GnRH1dt)]Conclusions1.The hormonal armamentarium of the female reproductive systems ensures single ovulation and single pregnancy.2.Unlike bone marrow ovaries do not posses a stochastic mechanism and rely solely on suppression of nearby follicles by the dominant follicle.3.Hypothalamus senses the risk of MP and adjusts pulsation of GnRH in the consecutive cycle by prolonging the low and postponing the high frequency pulsation. Like electric circuits, external stimuli have a changing strength of 1/4 to 1/15 meaning that they can advance or retard ovulation in this range (percentage of the innate cycle of that person).4.The strongest predictor and determining parameter affecting menstruation cycle is sensing the MP risk by the hypothalamus exemplifying itself as frequency of GnRH pulsation (d0GnRH0/GnRH1dt).5.Menstruation cycle and fertility can be predicted by mathematical formulas of parametric oscillation.
The relationship between body mass index with nausea and vomiting in the first trimester
Authors: Ranjbar F. , Abbasalizadeh S. , Islamifard H. , Alizadeh A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNausea and vomiting in the first trimester is a common complaint of about 70% of pregnant women and it has a major effect on their quality of life. Its etiology is unknown but there are some risk factors for it.AimsThe purpose of this study was to obtain the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.MethodsThis case-control study was performed on 300 pregnant women who had referred to outpatient clinics. 150 of these women were suffering from nausea and vomiting while the other 150 didn’t have this problem. We determined BMI in two groups. Then the results were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe age average was 24.9 and 26.2 in case and control groups respectively. The BMI average was 26.01 kg/m2 and 26.02 kg/m2 in case and control groups respectively. No significant relationship was observed between two groups regarding the presence of nausea but in case group, women with vomiting had lower BMI (p = 0.026).ConclusionsIt was concluded that BMI is not a risk factor for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
Anxiety in pregnant women referred to Sanandaj health centers and that relationship with their personal characteristics in 2009
Authors: Zaheri F. , Hasheminasab L. , Motavalli E. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimPregnancy is one of events in women's life that is passed without any physical and psychical complications. But in many cases, predisposing factors can result in problems such as anxiety, depression and other psychical complications in this period. In this research we studied about rate of anxiety in pregnant women referred to Sanandaj health centers.MethodsThis descriptive study was done with 359 pregnant women referred to health centers of Sanandaj city in 2009. Data collection tools was a questionnaire consists of questions about personal characteristics of samples and zung standard anxiety scale. Finally statistics analyze was performed by descriptive and analytic methods with spss16.ResultsAccording to these results, rate of anxiety was 24.5% totally that 21.4% was related to mild to moderate and 3/1% for moderate to severe anxiety. Also we didn’t find statistic difference between anxiety score and mothers marriage age (P = .229), parity (P = .981), method of previous delivery (P = .270), education (P = .191), job of mother (P = .531), trimester (P = .931). Also there was statistic difference between anxiety score with unwanted pregnancy by women (P = .001) and their husband (P = .001) and have job in husband (P = .008) and their economic status (P = .015).DiscussionFindings of this research showed that husband's unemployment and unwanted pregnancy by them had a role in degrees of anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore health and care providers can reduce of unwanted pregnancy and psychical complications with promoting the women's acknowledge about methods of family planning and also complications of frequent pregnancy.
Revolving door syndrome: A new meaning for an old concept?
Authors: Garrido P. , Saraiva C. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction“Revolving Door Syndrome” is usually defined as a cyclical pattern of short-term readmissions to the psychiatric units of health care centers, by young adults with chronic psychiatric disorders. Concerning the actual politics in health care sistems, with sucessive budget cuts and reduction of full-time hospital beds, the authors' aim has been to identify the patients that enter into a vicious circle of being admitted to hospital, discharged, and admitted again, as well as the underlying psychosocial reasons.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with short-term readmissions to psychiatric acute care services, with statistical significance, and clinical interest, within a portuguese sample.Material and methodsRetrospective cohort study, in which the medical records of patients admitted to Coimbra University Hospitals two or more times (with short-term readmissions) between January and December of 2009, were analysed for socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnostic, presence of comorbidities, number of hospital admissions within that year, psychofarmacological treatments and presence of social and familiar support.Results and conclusionsThe authors found that lack of social and familiar support is a strong predictor for “Revolving Door Syndrome”, as well as the presence of a chronic psychiatric disorder.
Alopecia Universalis Causes Serious Personality Derangements: First Report of Negative Impact of a Medical Condition on Personality (279 Patients)
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reason of major behavioral problems in alopecia universalis patients, we tried to examine by way of MCMI- III whether these signs are transient, developmental or ingrained.Methods279 patients with alopecia universalis were studied before and 3 months after treatment with MCMI-III and scheduled psychiatric interview. They were stratified in regard to sex, age, socioeconomic class, age of onset of alopecia (before or after 18yrs) and response. The results were compared with 3000 normal examinees.ResultsThere was significant preponderance of personality disorders among patients with early onset (p < 0.003) but not late onset (p = 0.1) alopecia including schizotypal, schizoid, self defeating, borderline and avoidant personalities compared to general population. This was not affected by treatment. (p < 0.004) All patients showed higher scales in axis II disorders including depression, anxiety, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and major thought disorders. (Overall p < 0.02) These were ameliorated with treatment of alopecia. These data were confirmed by scheduled interviews.ConclusionThis is the first report of severe personality disorder in the context of a medical (dermatological) condition. Childhood onset chronic illnesses can cause serious personality disorders that are stronger predictors than genetics or learned behavior encompassed in previous theories on personality. Alopecia universalis has a more sustained effect due to jeopardizing the development of self image. We recommend that many diseases with their onset during childhood, including type I diabetes, epilepsy, childhood cancers … must not only be treated for concomitant anxiety and depression but for abnormal personality development.