bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat pad‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source for cell‐based adipose tissue repair strategies
Authors: Khan W. S. , Adesida A. B. , Tew S. R. , Longo U. G. , Hardingham T. E. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background:  Mesenchymal stem cells are able to undergo adipogenic differentiation and present a possible alternative cell source for regeneration and replacement of adipose tissue. The human infrapatellar fat pad is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells with many source advantages over from bone marrow. It is important to determine whether a potential mesenchymal stem‐cell exhibits tri‐lineage differentiation potential and is able to maintain its proliferation potential and cell‐surface characterization on expansion in tissue culture. We have previously shown that mesenchymal stem cells derived from the fat pad can undergo chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and we characterized these cells at early passage. In the study described here, proliferation potential and characterization of fat pad‐derived mesenchymal stem cells were assessed at higher passages, and cells were allowed to undergo adipogenic differentiation.
Materials and methods:  Infrapatellar fat pad tissue was obtained from six patients undergoing total knee replacement. Cells isolated were expanded to passage 18 and proliferation rates were measured. Passage 10 and 18 cells were characterized for cell‐surface epitopes using a range of markers. Passage 2 cells were allowed to undergo differentiation in adipogenic medium.
Results:  The cells maintained their population doubling rates up to passage 18. Cells at passage 10 and passage 18 had cell‐surface epitope expression similar to other mesenchymal stem cells previously described. By staining it was revealed that they highly expressed CD13, CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105, and did not express CD34 or CD56, they were also negative for LNGFR and STRO1. 3G5 positive cells were noted in cells from both passages. These fat pad‐derived cells had adipogenic differentiation when assessed using gene expression for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ2 and lipoprotein lipase, and oil red O staining.
Discussion:  These results indicate that the cells maintained their proliferation rate, and continued expressing mesenchymal stem‐cell markers and pericyte marker 3G5 at late passages. These results also show that the cells were capable of adipogenic differentiation and thus could be a promising source for regeneration and replacement of adipose tissue in reconstructive surgery.
Evaluation of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Meire M. A. , Coenye T. , Nelis H. J. , De Moor R. J. G. 
Published: January 2012

Meire MA, Coenye T, Nelis HJ, De Moor RJG. Evaluation of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 482–491, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two‐high power lasers (Nd:YAG and Er:YAG) and two commercial antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) systems with that of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) action on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs.Methodology  Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on dentine discs in a microtiter plate, incubated for 24 h and subjected to the following treatments: aPDT (Denfotex and Helbo system), Er:YAG laser irradiation (2940 nm, 50 mJ or 100 mJ, 15 Hz, 40 s), Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1064 nm, 2 W, 15 Hz, 40 s) and immersion in 2.5% (w/v) NaOCl for 1, 5, 10 and 30 min. Surviving bacteria were harvested, and the number of CFU per disc was determined by plate counting.Results  Significant reductions (anova, P ≤ 0.05) in viable counts were observed for aPDT (Helbo) (2 log10 reduction), Er:YAG irradiation using 100 mJ pulses (4.3 log10 reduction) and all NaOCl treatments (>6 log10 reduction). NaOCl (2.5%) for 5 min effectively eliminated all bacteria. aPDT (Denfotex), Er:YAG irradiation using 50 mJ pulses and Nd:YAG treatment caused a reduction in the viable counts of <1 log10 unit; these results were not significantly different from the untreated controls.Conclusion  Within the limitations of this particular laboratory set‐up, NaOCl was the most effective in E. faecalis biofilm elimination, while Er:YAG laser treatment (100 mJ pulses) also resulted in high reductions in viable counts. The use of both commercial aPDT systems resulted in a weak reduction in the number of E. faecalis cells. Nd:YAG irradiation was the least effective.
The role of DNA damage and caspase activation in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of macrophages induced by bisphenol‐A‐glycidyldimethacrylate
Authors: Li Y.‐C. , Kuan Y.‐H. , Huang F.‐M. , Chang Y.‐C. 
Published: January 2012

Li Y‐C, Kuan Y‐H, Huang F‐M, Chang Y‐C. The role of DNA damage and caspase activation in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of macrophages induced by bisphenol‐A‐glycidyldimethacrylate. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 499–507, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the potential toxicological implications of BisGMA on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7.Methodology  Lactate dehydrogenase release, flow cytometry, Western blot and fluorometric assays were used to detect cell viability, mode of cell death and caspase activities, respectively. In addition, alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assays were applied to detect genotoxicity. Statistical analyses were performed using anova followed by the Bonferroni’s t‐test for multi‐group comparisons test.Results  BisGMA demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells in a dose‐dependent and a time‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). BisGMA was found to induce two modes of cell death. The mode of cell death changed from apoptosis to necrosis as the concentrations of BisGMA elevated. Caspase‐3, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 activities were significantly induced by BisGMA in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, BisGMA exhibited genotoxicity via a dose‐related increase in the numbers of micronucleus and DNA strand breaks (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by BisGMA are mediated by DNA damage and caspase activation.
Allergen Challenge Differentially Affects the Number of Circulating Monocyte Subsets
Authors: Kowal K. , Moniuszko M. , Dabrowska M. , Bodzenta‐Lukaszyk A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPeripheral blood monocyte (PBM) subsets play different roles in inflammatory response and tissue remodelling. The aim of this study was to investigate how allergen challenge affects the number of circulating PBMs in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergic patients (Dp‐APs). Among 34 Dp‐APs challenged, in 22 patients significant bronchoconstriction was demonstrated [responders (Rs)], while in 12, only upper respiratory symptoms were seen [non‐responders (NRs)]. Twelve healthy, non‐atopic subjects were used as controls (HCs). Expression of CD14, CD16 and CCR4 was evaluated by flow cytometry on the whole‐blood samples before (T0), 6 h (T6) and 24 h (T24) after the challenge. Plasma concentrations of CCL2, CX3CL1 and CCL17 were evaluated using ELISA. At T0, the mean percentage of CD14++ CD16+ PBMs in Rs (35.4%; 95%CI 26.9–43.9%) was significantly greater than in HCs (14.6%; 95%CI 7.3–21.8%; P = 0.006) and in NRs (17.5%; 95%CI 9.6–25.4%; P = 0.001). The baseline number of CD14++ CD16+ PBMs correlated with airway hyper responsiveness (AHR) (r = −0.507; 95%CI −0.834 to −0.432, P < 0.001). At T24, the number of CD14++ CD16+ PBMs significantly decreased in Rs but not in NRs and the numbers inversely correlated with plasma CCL17 concentration. Changes in the number of circulating CD14++ CD16+ cells after Dp challenge correlated with AHR (r = 0.706, 95%CI 0.43–0.861; P < 0.001). In all subjects, the greatest expression of CCR4 was found on CD14++ CD16+ PBMs. Expansion of CD14++ CD16+ monocytes in the peripheral blood with subsequent mobilization of those cells after allergen challenge may facilitate the development of AHR in Dp‐APs.
Early experiences of vasodilators and hypotensive anesthesia in children
Authors: Brown T.C.K. 
Published: January 2012

The physiological application of OHMS LAW explains the basis of hypotensive anesthesia.V = IR translates into:
Pressure = Flow × Resistance or
Blood pressure = Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance.
If peripheral resistance is reduced by a vasodilator such as sodium nitroprusside (a short acting, vascular smooth muscle relaxant) or phenoxybenzamine (a long acting α adrenoreceptor antagonist), blood pressure will fall and vasoconstriction and bleeding will be reduced. A less desirable alternative to lowering blood pressure could be to reduce cardiac output by suppressing myocardial contractility using a ß1 adrenoceptor antagonist or an inhalational agent such as isoflurane.
Studies on serum 8‐hydroxy guanosine (8‐OHdG) as reliable biomarker for psoriasis
Authors: Basavaraj K.H. , Vasu Devaraju P. , Rao K.S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Oxidative stress was implicated in the psoriasis disease development and may damage DNA leading to keratinocytes cell death. No serum biomarker was available for the oxidative DNA damage.Objectives  To evaluate the 8‐OHdG (8‐Hydroxy guanosine) as reliable biomarker for the oxidative stress in psoriatic patients with severity.Methods  A total of 30 patients were considered for the study and graded according to the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and 10 healthy controls. Blood was collected under aseptic condition, and serum was separated. Serum 8‐OHdG and total antioxidant capacity was measured by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using `8‐OHdG Check’ and PAO kit (JaICA, Fukuroi City, Japan).Results  The average serum 8‐OHdG level in the control, mild, moderate and severe groups were 1.18 ± 0.93 ng/mL, 3.46 ± 0.82 ng/mL, 3.68 ± 0.67 ng/mL and 4.86 ± 1.7 ng/mL respectively. There was no significant difference in the average level of total antioxidant capacity of control, mild, moderate and severe groups, and the values presented were 295.88 ± 206 μmol/L, 1392.20 ± 225 μmol/L, 1199.57 ± 257 μmol/L and 1184.24 ± 207 μmol/L respectively.Conclusion  Serum 8‐OHdG levels could be used as good biomarker for the early diagnosis of psoriasis and its management.
Brain insulin resistance accelerates Aβ fibrillogenesis by inducing GM1 ganglioside clustering in the presynaptic membranes
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Matsubara Teruhiko , Sobue Kazuya , Tanida Mamoru , Kasahara Rika , Naruse Kaori , Taniura Hideo , Sato Toshinori , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: January 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 619–628.AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to be a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Insulin resistance also affects the central nervous system by regulating key processes, such as neuronal survival and longevity, learning and memory. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain uncertain. To investigate whether insulin resistance is associated with the assembly of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) at the cell surface of neurons, we inhibited insulin‐signalling pathways of primary neurons. The treatments of insulin receptor (IR)‐knockdown and a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor (LY294002), but not an extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor, induced an increase in GM1 ganglioside (GM1) levels in detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains of the neurons. The aged db/db mouse brain exhibited reduction in IR expression and phosphorylation of Akt, which later induced an increase in the high‐density GM1‐clusters on synaptosomes. Neurons treated with IR knockdown or LY294002, and synaptosomes of the aged db/db mouse brains markedly accelerated an assembly of Aβs. These results suggest that ageing and peripheral insulin resistance induce brain insulin resistance, which accelerates the assembly of Aβs by increasing and clustering of GM1 in detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains of neuronal membranes.
Fluctuations in plant populations: role of exogenous and endogenous factors
Authors: Hernández Plaza Eva , Navarrete Luis , Lacasta Carlos , González‐Andujar José Luis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuestionWhat is the role of exogenous and endogenous factors in determining fluctuations in plant populations?MethodsA total of 29 long‐term time series from different plant species was analysed. Data were obtained from the literature as well as from our own surveys. For each series we calculated the autocorrelation function to identify the presence of cyclic dynamics. The existence and the order of density‐dependent processes were examined by calculating the partial rate correlation function to obtain the global Lyapunov exponent to assess whether populations exhibited chaotic dynamics. To test the effect of exogenous factors on each population, we used regression analyses to relate mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation to population abundance. Finally, we employed a Mann‐Whitney U‐test to analyse whether populations that showed endogenous regulation occurred in less variable environments.ResultsWe found no evidence for periodicity in the long‐term time series analysed. Endogenous factors appeared to contribute to abundance fluctuations in eight plant populations, with three showing evidence of direct density‐dependent regulation (first‐order negative feedback) and five showing evidence for delayed density dependence (second‐order negative feedback). The majority of populations were characterized by stable dynamics, although in five cases a positive global Lyapunov exponent suggested the possibility of chaotic dynamics. The exogenous factors that were considered contributed to explaining the temporal dynamics for four populations. Populations that showed evidence for endogenous regulation were not more frequently found in less variable environments.ConclusionsIn this study the effects of direct and delayed density dependence were negative in eight of 29 populations, suggesting intra‐specific competition, delayed competition or inhibitory non‐resource‐based effects as the regulating mechanisms. The climate variables considered helped to explain the temporal variation in the abundance of only four of 29 populations, and neither density dependence nor environmental control were detected for 19 of the 29 populations. Inability to detect exogenous regulation may be because key environmental drivers were not included in the analysis. Regarding endogenous processes, longer records could increase the probability of detection.
Can receipt of a regular postcard reduce suicide‐related behaviour in young help seekers? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Robinson Jo , Yuen Hok Pan , Gook Sara , Hughes Alison , Cosgrave Elizabeth , Killackey Eoin , Baker Kathryn , Jorm Anthony , McGorry Patrick , Yung Alison 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim:Suicide attempt, ideation and deliberate self‐harm are common among adolescents. Limited evidence exists regarding interventions that can reduce risk; however, research indicates that maintaining contact with at‐risk adults following discharge from services via letter or postcard can reduce risk. The aim of the study was to test a postcard intervention among people aged 15–24 who presented to mental health services but were not accepted, yet were at risk of suicide.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of 3 years in duration was used. The intervention consisted of 12 postcards sent once a month for 12 months following presentation to the service. Key outcomes of interest were reduced rates of suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and deliberate self‐harm, assessed at 12 and 18 months.Results:Participants reported that they liked receiving the postcard and that they used the strategies recommended. However, no significant effect of the postcard intervention was found on suicide risk, although participants in both groups improved on measures of mental health over the course of the study.Conclusions:There remains a need for further research into youth‐friendly interventions for young people at risk of suicide.
Characterization of the Proteomic Profiles of the Brown Tide Alga Aureoumbra lagunensis under Phosphate- and Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions and of Its Phosphate Limitation-Specific Protein with Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Sun Ming-Ming , Sun Jin , Qiu Jian-Wen , Jing Hongmei , Liu Hongbin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

The persistent bloom of the brown tide alga
Aureoumbra lagunensis
has been reported in coastal embayments along southern Texas, but the molecular mechanisms that sustain such algal bloom are unknown. We compared the proteome and physiological parameters of
A. lagunensis
grown in phosphate (P)-depleted, P- and nitrogen (N)-depleted, and nutrient-replete cultures. For the proteomic analysis, samples from three conditions were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Because of the paucity of genomic resources in this species, a
de novo
cross-species protein search was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins, which revealed their involvement in several key biological processes, such as chlorophyll synthesis, antioxidative protection, and protein degradation, suggesting that
A. lagunensis
may adopt intracellular nutrient compensation, extracellular organic nutrient regeneration, and damage protection to thrive in P-depleted environments. A highly abundant P limitation-specific protein, tentatively identified as a putative alkaline phosphatase, was further characterized by enzyme activity assay on nondenaturing gel and confocal microscopy, which confirmed that this protein has alkaline phosphatase activity, is a cytoplasmic protein, and is closely associated with the cell membrane. The abundance, location, and functional expression of this alkaline phosphatase all indicate the importance of organic P utilization for
A. lagunensis
under P limitation and the possible role of this alkaline phosphatase in regenerating phosphate from extra- or intracellular organic phosphorus.
Effects of UV-B Radiation on the Structural and Physiological Diversity of Bacterioneuston and Bacterioplankton
Authors: Santos Ana L. , Oliveira Vanessa , Baptista Inês , Henriques Isabel , Gomes Newton C. M. , Almeida Adelaide , Correia António , Cunha Angela 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe effects of UV radiation (UVR) on estuarine bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton were assessed in microcosm experiments. Bacterial abundance and DNA synthesis were more affected in bacterioplankton. Protein synthesis was more inhibited in bacterioneuston. Community analysis indicated that UVR has the potential to select resistant bacteria (e.g.,Gammaproteobacteria), particularly abundant in bacterioneuston.
Identification and Characterization of Psychrotolerant Sporeformers Associated with Fluid Milk Production and Processing
Authors: Ivy Reid A. , Ranieri Matthew L. , Martin Nicole H. , den Bakker Henk C. , Xavier Bruno M. , Wiedmann Martin , Boor Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria represent a major challenge to the goal of extending the shelf life of pasteurized dairy products. The objective of this study was to identify prominent phylogenetic groups of dairy-associated aerobic sporeformers and to characterize representative isolates for phenotypes relevant to growth in milk. Analysis of sequence data for a 632-nucleotide fragment of
rpoB
showed that 1,288 dairy-associated isolates (obtained from raw and pasteurized milk and from dairy farm environments) clustered into two major divisions representing (i) the genus
Paenibacillus
(737 isolates, including the species
Paenibacillus odorifer
,
Paenibacillus graminis
, and
Paenibacillus amylolyticus
sensu lato) and (ii)
Bacillus
(
n
= 467) (e.g.,
Bacillus licheniformis
sensu lato,
Bacillus pumilus
,
Bacillus weihenstephanensis
) and genera formerly classified as
Bacillus
(
n
= 84) (e.g.,
Viridibacillus
spp.). When isolates representing the most common
rpoB
allelic types (ATs) were tested for growth in skim milk broth at 6°C, 6/9
Paenibacillus
isolates, but only 2/8 isolates representing
Bacillus
subtypes, grew >5 log CFU/ml over 21 days. In addition, 38/40
Paenibacillus
isolates but only 3/47
Bacillus
isolates tested were positive for β-galactosidase activity (including some isolates representing
Bacillus licheniformis
sensu lato, a common dairy-associated clade). Our study confirms that
Paenibacillus
spp. are the predominant psychrotolerant sporeformers in fluid milk and provides 16S rRNA gene and
rpoB
subtype data and phenotypic characteristics facilitating the identification of aerobic spore-forming spoilage organisms of concern. These data will be critical for the development of detection methods and control strategies that will reduce the introduction of psychrotolerant sporeformers and extend the shelf life of dairy products.
Characterization of the SpaCBA Pilus Fibers in the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Reunanen Justus , von Ossowski Ingemar , Hendrickx Antoni P. A. , Palva Airi , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus rhamnosus
GG is a human intestinal isolate that has been studied intensively because of its probiotic properties. We have previously shown that
L. rhamnosus
GG produces proteinaceous pili that earlier had been observed only in Gram-positive pathogens (M. Kankainen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
106:
17193–17198, 2009). These pili were found to be encoded by the
spaCBA
gene cluster, and the pilus-associated SpaC pilin was shown to confer on the cells a mucus-binding ability. In addition to the
spaCBA
cluster, another putative pilus cluster,
spaFED
, was predicted from the
L. rhamnosus
GG genome sequence. Herein, we show that only SpaCBA pili are produced by
L. rhamnosus
, and we describe a detailed analysis of cell wall-associated and affinity-purified SpaCBA pili by Western blotting and immunogold electron microscopy. Our results indicate that SpaCBA pili are heterotrimeric protrusions with a SpaA subunit as the shaft-forming major pilin. Only a few SpaB subunits could be observed in pilus fibers. Instead, SpaB pilins were found at pilus bases, as assessed by immunogold double labeling of thin sections of cells, suggesting that SpaB is involved in the termination of pilus assembly. The SpaC adhesin was present along the whole pilus length at numbers nearly equaling those of SpaA. The relative amount and uniform distribution of SpaC within pili not only makes it possible to exert both long-distance and intimate contact with host tissue but also provides mucus-binding strength, which explains the prolonged intestinal residency times observed for
L. rhamnosus
GG compared to that of nonpiliated lactobacilli.