bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian predators as a biological control system of common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations in north‐western Spain: experimental set‐up and preliminary results
Authors: Paz Alfonso , Jareño Daniel , Arroyo Leticia , Viñuela Javier , Arroyo Beatriz , Mougeot François , Luque‐Larena Juan José , Fargallo Juan Antonio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ecologically based rodent pest management using biological control has never been evaluated for vole plagues in Europe, although it has been successfully tested in other systems. The authors report on the first large‐scale replicated experiment to study the usefulness of nest‐box installation for increasing the breeding density of common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and barn owls (Tyto alba) as a potential biological control of common vole (Microtus arvalis) abundance in agricultural habitats in north‐western Spain.RESULTS: The results show that: (1) population density of both predator species increased in response to both nest‐site availability and vole density; (2) voles are a major prey for the common kestrels during the breeding period; (3) vole density during the increase phase of a population cycle may be reduced in crop fields near nest boxes.CONCLUSION: The installation of nest boxes provides nesting sites for barn owls and kestrels. Kestrel populations increased faster than in areas without artificial nests, and the common vole was one of their main prey during the breeding season. The results suggest that local (field) effects could be found in terms of reduced vole density. If so, this could be an environmentally friendly and cheap vole control technique to be considered on a larger scale. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Protonation of 5‐methylhydantoin and its thio derivatives in the gas phase: A theoretical study
Authors: Safi Zaki S. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe gas phase proton affinities of 5‐methylhydantoin and its thio derivatives were theoretically studied through the use of high‐level density functional theory calculations. The structure of all possible tautomers and their conformers were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+(d,p) level of theory. Final energies were obtained at the B3LYP/6‐311+(2df,2p) level. The imidazolidone derivatives 5‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo imidazolidine, 5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐4‐thio imidazolidine, 5‐methyl‐2‐thio‐4‐oxo imidazolidine, and 5‐methyl‐2,4‐dithio imidazolidine possess moderately strong proton affinities. Protonation at sulfur would be larger than protonation at oxygen. The most stable protonated forms of2O4Oand2S4Ohave the proton attached to the heteroatom in position 2, whereas protonation of2O4Sand2S4Spreferentially takes place at position 4. The barriers for proton migration between the different tautomers are rather large. The energy decomposition analysis analysis of the OH+and SH+interactions suggests that the bonding interactions come mainly from the covalent bond formation. The contribution of the Coulomb attraction is rather small. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Telerobotic‐assisted bone‐drilling system using bilateral control with feed operation scaling and cutting force scaling
Authors: Kasahara Yusuke , Kawana Hiromasa , Usuda Shin , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundDrilling is used in the medical field, especially in oral surgery and orthopaedics. In recent years, oral surgery involving dental implants has become more common. However, the risky drilling process causes serious accidents. To prevent these accidents, supporting systems such as robotic drilling systems are required.MethodsA telerobotic‐assisted drilling system is proposed. An acceleration‐based four‐channel bilateral control system is implemented in linear actuators in a master–slave system for drill feeding. A reaction force observer is used instead of a force sensor for measuring cutting force. Cutting force transmits from a cutting material to a surgeon, who may feel a static cutting resistance force and vigorous cutting vibrations, via the master–slave system. Moreover, position scaling and force scaling are achieved. Scaling functions are used to achieve precise drilling and hazard detection via force sensation.ResultsCutting accuracy and reproducibility of the cutting force were evaluated by angular velocity/position error and frequency analysis of the cutting force, respectively, and errors were > 2.0 rpm and > 0.2 mm, respectively. Spectrum peaks of the cutting vibration were at the theoretical vibration frequencies of 30, 60 and 90 Hz.ConclusionsThe proposed telerobotic‐assisted drilling system achieved precise manipulation of the drill feed and vivid feedback from the cutting force. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COMPLEX RESPONSE OF CHANNEL FILL–SCOUR BEHAVIOR TO RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION: AN EXAMPLE OF THE UPPER YELLOW RIVER, CHINA
Authors: Xu Jiongxin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe influence of a reservoir on downstream hydrological regime and channel adjustment depends on the operational mode of the reservoir. The Liujiaxia and Longyangxia Reservoirs were completed in 1968 and 1985, respectively, both above Lanzhou. The former controls most suspended sediment supply from the drainage area above Lanzhou station, and the latter controls most runoff generated from the same area; the former has relatively small storage capacity and is used for interseasonal regulation of river flow, and the latter has much larger storage capacity and is used for multiannual regulation of river flow. Thus, the former changes sediment regime greatly, whereas the latter changes flow regime significantly. Of the runoff of the upper Yellow River, more than 95% comes from the drainage area above Lanzhou and less than 5% from below Lanzhou; of the sediment supply, 46% comes from the drainage area above Lanzhou and 56% from below Lanzhou, which cannot be regulated by the two reservoirs. Influenced by these factors, channel fill–scour behaviour after the reservoir construction exhibited a complex response, which can be separated as two stages. The response at the first stage was dominated by the Liujiaxia Reservoir and at the second by the Longyangxia Reservoir. The first stage of response can be generalized as follows: completion of the Liujiaxia Reservoir → large quantity of sediment trapped → downstream channel scour → sediment trapping attenuating due to the decrease of storage capacity → channel scour declining. The second stage of response can be generalized as follows: completion of the Longyangxia Reservoir → significant reduction of high‐flow season flow → downstream river flow incapable of carrying sediment supplied below the dam → downstream channel sedimentation enhanced. The changes induced by the two reservoirs occurred successively, and a cycle of complex response occurred during the river channel adjustment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential regulation of serotonin transporter cell surface expression
Authors: Lau Thorsten , Schloss Patrick 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the central nervous system the efficiency of serotonergic signaling is regulated by the release of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT), the activity of the neurotransmitter synthesizing enzyme, tryptophane hydroxylase 2, the negative‐modulatory autoreceptors 5HT1ARand 5HT1BR, and a selective re‐uptake system which transports released serotonin back into serotonergic neurons, the serotonin transporter (SERT). Because SERT directly controls the concentration of extracellular free 5‐HT, drugs as well as intracellular signaling pathways which regulate SERT activity play an important role in modulating serotonergic neurotransmission. SERT activity can be regulated by two different means: (1) regulation of SERT acute activity, that is, substrate affinity and/or maximal transport rate, or (2) by modulation the concentration of SERT molecules on the cell surface of neurons. This can be achieved by translocating SERT molecules from intracellular stores to the cell membrane or by inducing an internalization of SERT from the cell surface SERT to the cell interior (‘transporter trafficking’). In recent years evidence has accumulated that some antidepressants but also drugs of abuse such as cocaine or amphetamines not only block SERT mediated re‐uptake, but also impact on SERT cellular trafficking. In addition, several pathways have been identified, which modulate SERT cell surface expression by influencing the cellular distribution of SERT. This involves kinase/phosphatase‐activated pathways as well as intracellular proteins which upon direct interaction with the transporter promote its internalization from or export to the cell surface.WIREs Membr Transp Signal2012,1:259–268. doi: 10.1002/wmts.10For further resources related to this article, please visit theWIREs website.
Calcium channels as therapeutic targets
Authors: Belardetti Francesco , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVoltage gated calcium channels regulate numerous physiological functions, across a wide range of organ systems including heart, muscle, and brain. Different calcium channel subtypes have evolved to mediate specific cellular functions in these tissues. Because of their fundamental importance, voltage‐gated calcium channels are targeted by a number of clinically active drugs (including gabapentin, pregabalin, ethosuximide, nimodipine, etc.) in conditions such as pain, epilepsy, and hypertension. In addition, calcium channels are emerging as targets for novel therapeutic indications. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:433–451. doi: 10.1002/wmts.38For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Unscrambling genetic information at the RNA level
Authors: Moreira Sandrine , Breton Sophie , Burger Gertraud 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGenomics aims at unraveling the blueprint of life; however, DNA sequence alone does not always reveal the proteins and structural RNAs encoded by the genome. The reason is that genetic information is often encrypted. Recognizing the logic of encryption, and understanding how living cells decode hidden information—at the level of DNA, RNA or protein—is challenging. RNA‐level decryption includes topical RNA editing and more ‘macroscopic’ transcript rearrangements. The latter events involve the four types of introns recognized to date, notably spliceosomal, group I, group II, and archaeal/tRNA splicing. Intricate variants, such as alternative splicing and trans‐splicing, have been reported for each intron type, but the biological significance has not always been confirmed. Novel RNA‐level unscrambling processes were recently discovered in mitochondria of dinoflagellates and diplonemids, and potentially euglenids. These processes seem not to rely on known introns, and the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:213–228. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1106This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Supporting a strong sense of purpose: Lessons from a rural community
Authors: Shamah Devora 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany rural youth leave their small home towns, at least temporarily, to pursue education and work opportunities after high school. A strong sense of purpose will likely help these young people navigate their transition to adulthood away from the comforts of home. A case study of high school students in a remote rural county in the Pacific Northwest using survey and ethnographic data showed that traditional out‐of‐school activities (for example, sports, theater, band, Future Farmers of America) and community‐based activities (for example, community symphony, community classes, community events), along with work experiences, were all important for developing a strong sense of purpose. The case study points to the important role small rural schools can play in supporting youth and connecting them to activities that foster a strong sense of purpose. In addition, this article discusses the importance of paying attention to the development of a sense of purpose alongside traditional measures of academic achievement and social competence.
Conclusion: Recommendations for how practitioners, researchers, and policymakers can promote youth purpose
Authors: Mariano Jenni Menon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInitially drawing from, yet then expanding on the research discussed in this volume, this article discusses specific measures that practitioners, researchers, and policymakers can take to support purpose among youth. Strategies for educators include utilizing practical purpose teaching tools, such as purpose interviews, purpose‐related discussions, whole classroom and school community games, and purpose survey methodologies. Research strategies include expanding the study of youth purpose to more diverse groups of young people, and developing more succinct tools to assess purpose in research. Finally, the article discusses policy measures to promote purpose, including modification of current academic testing practices, expanding the breadth of course and extracurricular experiences in schools to provide opportunities for purpose development, and integrating purpose promotion skill‐building into existing teacher education programs.
Nine years of Experience with the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in a Single Italian Center: A Retrospective Analysis of 1,050 Cases
Authors: Bernardi Sergio , Bertozzi Serena , Londero Ambrogio P. , Giacomuzzi Francesco , Angione Vito , Dri Cinzia , Carbone Arnalda , Petri Roberto 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine the prevalence and predictive factors for recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and for sentinel lymph node positivity by SLNB in our population.MethodsWe followed up all SLNBs performed between 2002 and 2010 and analyzed data by R (version2.10.1), considering p < 0.05 significant.ResultsAmong 1,050 patients with SLNB, 23% (245/1050) underwent secondary axillary dissection (CALND). Axillary recurrence prevalence among patients with negative SLNB was 1% (6/805) at a mean follow‐up of 54 months (±14), and 1.7% (95% CI 0.2–3.1%) after 6 years of follow‐up, as all recurrences developed between the 3rd and the 6th years of follow‐up. By multivariate analysis, axillary recurrence results correlated with large tumor size, high number of excised nodes, lymphovascular invasion, high grading, multifocality, Her‐2 positivity, intraductal histology, and comedo‐like necrosis. Moreover, SLNB positivity results correlated with young age, large tumor size, high number of excised nodes, negative history for second primary malignancies, lymphovascular invasion, and high grading.ConclusionsCancer characteristics represent important predictive factors for SLNB positivity, as well as for axillary recurrence in patients with negative SLNB, independently, by surgical and nonsurgical treatment. Therefore, cancer biological behavior and the patient’s hormonal profile should be evaluated with care to better tailor the follow‐up of women with breast cancer.
Possibility of immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer: how do we prove efficacy? Introduction to a current ongoing phase I and randomized phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding Wilms tumor 1 peptide vaccine to gemcitabine and cisplatin for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (WT‐BT trial)
Authors: Okusaka Takuji , Ueno Makoto , Sato Tosiya , Heike Yuji 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground/purposeIn biliary tract cancer, few clinical studies evaluating immunotherapy have been reported. A phase I and randomized phase II study with Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) peptide vaccine plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) for chemo‐naïve patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer was started, because the overexpression of WT1 is seen in the majority of patients with this disease, encouraging the potential of WT1‐based immunotherapy. This trial was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN 000004886.Methods and resultsThe aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the regimen and to determine whether the regimen should be compared with the current standard regimen, GC, in a subsequent phase III trial for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer. Six patients in the phase I study and a total of 100 patients in the phase II study will be accrued over a 2‐year period. The patients in the phase II study will be randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive GC either with or without WT1 peptide vaccine. The primary endpoint of the phase II study is the 1‐year overall survival rate.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized trial to evaluate the use of immunotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.
Mental Health Consequences of International Migration for Vietnamese Americans and the Mediating Effects of Physical Health and Social Networks: Results From a Natural Experiment Approach
Authors: Fu Hongyun , VanLandingham Mark J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough the existing literature on immigrant mental health is extensive, major substantive and methodological gaps remain. Substantively, there is little population-based research that focuses on the mental health consequences of migration for Vietnamese Americans. More generally, although a wide range of mental health problems among immigrants has been identified, the potential causal or mediating mechanisms underlying these problems remain elusive. This latter substantive shortcoming is related to a key methodological challenge involving the potentially confounding effects of selection on migration-related outcomes. This article addresses these challenges by employing a “natural experiment” design, involving comparisons among three population-based samples of Vietnamese immigrants, never-leavers, and returnees (N  =  709). Data were collected in Ho Chi Minh City and in New Orleans between 2003 and 2005. The study investigates the long-term impact of international migration on Vietnamese mental health, and the potential mediating effects of social networks and physical health on these migration-related outcomes. The results reveal both mental health advantages and disadvantages among Vietnamese immigrants relative to the two groups of Vietnamese nationals. Selection can be ruled out for some of these differences, and both social networks and physical health are found to play important explanatory roles.
Crumpled water bells
Authors: Lhuissier H. , Villermaux E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStationary axi-symmetrical pressurized bells formed by the impact of a liquid jet on a solid disc (so-called Savart water bells) can exhibit uncommon sharp and pointed shapes. They are characterized by two successive inflections of the two-dimensional bell generator profile, corresponding to partially concave bells. We show that this shape is incompatible with the usual assumption that the detail of the flow across the liquid sheet constitutive of the bell is unimportant. We consider the equilibrium of a curved liquid sheet offinitethickness sustaining a pressure difference between both sides, and show that several curvatures of the interface may be a solution under given flow conditions. The inflection of the bell profile is then explained in terms of a spontaneous transition from a ‘negative’ to a ‘positive’ curvature which conserves mass flow, linear and angular momenta. That inflection is also a transition from a super to a subcritical flow (with respect to capillary waves), having the status of a capillary hydraulic jump on afreely suspendedsheet, a novel object in fluid mechanics. The azimuthal wrinkles forming at the jump result from the inertial destabilization of the sheet due to the centripetal acceleration fluid particles experience as they flow along the highly curved bell profile in the vicinity of the fold. This finding also explains the singular shape at the edge of freely flapping sheets.
Steady free surface flows induced by a submerged ring source or sink
Authors: Stokes T. E. , Hocking G. C. , Forbes L. K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe steady axisymmetric flow induced by a ring sink (or source) submerged in an unbounded inviscid fluid is computed and the resulting deformation of the free surface is obtained. Solutions are obtained analytically in the limit of small Froude number (and hence small surface deformation) and numerically for the full nonlinear problem. The small Froude number solutions are found to have the property that if the non-dimensional radius of the ring sink is less than$\rho = \sqrt{2} $, there is a central stagnation point on the surface surrounded by a dip which rises to the stagnation level in the far distance. However, as the radius of the ring sink increases beyond$\rho = \sqrt{2} $, a surface stagnation ring forms and moves outward as the ring sink radius increases. It is also shown that as the radius of the sink increases, the solutions in the vicinity of the ring sink/source change continuously from those due to a point sink/source ($\rho = 0$) to those due to a line sink/source ($\rho \ensuremath{\rightarrow} \infty $). These properties are confirmed by the numerical solutions to the full nonlinear equations for finite Froude numbers. At small values of the Froude number and sink or source radius, the nonlinear solutions look like the approximate solutions, but as the flow rate increases a limiting maximum Froude number solution with a secondary stagnation ring is obtained. At large values of sink or source radius, however, this ring does not form and there is no obvious physical reason for the limit on solutions. The maximum Froude numbers at which steady solutions exist for each radius are computed.
Zoonotic schistosomiasis in non-human primates: past, present and future activities at the human–wildlife interface in Africa
Authors: Standley C.J. , Mugisha L. , Dobson A.P. , Stothard J.R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSchistosomiasis is one of the world's most widely distributed and prevalent parasitic diseases. Less widely recognized is that some species ofSchistosoma,including several that commonly affect humans, also cause disease in other mammalian species; in particular, infections in non-human primates are known. With interest increasing in emerging zoonotic diseases, the status of schistosomiasis as a zoonotic infection is in need of re-appraisal, especially in light of advances in application of molecular screening and epidemiological tools where newly reported infections raise general animal welfare and conservation concerns. Focusing on Africa, this review provides a summary of the occurrence of schistosomiasis in non-human primates and discusses new ways in which surveillance for schistosomiasis should be integrated into more effective conservation management and disease control strategies. Emphasis is on the more common forms of human schistosomiasis, their clinical manifestations and epidemiological significance in terms of infection reservoir potential.