bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Gestational Diabetes in Women With PCOS Based on Body Mass Index: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Okoshi Chihiro , Kyozuka Hyo , Fukuda Toma , Yasuda Shun , Murata Tsuyoshi , Isogami Hirotaka , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Kageyama Seiji , Suganuma Narufumi , Ohga Shouichi , Katoh Takahiko , Fujimori Keiya , Takahashi Toshifumi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, have a potentially increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objective
To examine the impact of PCOS on GDM based on maternal body mass index (BMI) using data from a large birth cohort study in Japan.

Design
Prospective observational study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

Participants
Singleton pregnancies in the JECS during 2011-2014 were included. Mothers with HbA1c levels of ≥6.5% in the first trimester and history of diabetes mellitus or steroid use during pregnancy were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants were categorized according to their prepregnancy BMIs: G1 (&lt;18.5 kg/m2), G2 (18.5-19.99 kg/m2), G3 (20.0-22.99 kg/m2), G4 (23.0-24.99 kg/m2), and G5 (≥25.0 kg/m2). The impact of PCOS on early(Ed) and late-onset(Ld) GDM for each group was estimated using a multiple logistic regression model.

Results
We included 92 774 participants, comprising 2012 PCOS(+) cases. GDM occurrence was higher in women with PCOS (P &lt; .001). PCOS had no effect on GDM in G1, G2, and G3. In G4, PCOS increased the risk of Ed GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-8.29). In G5, PCOS increased the risk of both Ed (aOR: 2.48; 95% CI, 1.53-4.02) and Ld GDM (aOR: 1.94; 95% CI, 1.23-3.07).

Conclusion
The impact of PCOS on GDM occurrence depended on the prepregnancy BMIs, which may facilitate personalized preconception counseling among women with PCOS.
Robust Drone Delivery with Weather Information
Authors: Cheng Chun , Adulyasak Yossiri , Rousseau Louis-Martin 
Published: May 2024

Problem definition: Drone delivery has recently garnered significant attention due to its potential for faster delivery at a lower cost than other delivery options. When scheduling drones from a depot for delivery to various destinations, the dispatcher must take into account the uncertain wind conditions, which affect the delivery times of drones to their destinations, leading to late deliveries. Methodology/results: To mitigate the risk of delivery delays caused by wind uncertainty, we propose a two-period drone scheduling model to robustly optimize the delivery schedule. In this framework, the scheduling decisions are made in the morning, with the provision for different delivery schedules in the afternoon that adapt to updated weather information available by midday. Our approach minimizes the essential riskiness index, which can simultaneously account for the probability of tardy delivery and the magnitude of lateness. Using wind observation data, we characterize the uncertain flight times via a cluster-wise ambiguity set, which has the benefit of tractability while avoiding overfitting the empirical distribution. A branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm is developed for this adaptive distributionally framework to improve its scalability. Our adaptive distributionally robust model can effectively reduce lateness in out-of-sample tests compared with other classical models. The proposed B&C algorithm can solve instances to optimality within a shorter time frame than a general modeling toolbox. Managerial implications: Decision makers can use the adaptive robust model together with the cluster-wise ambiguity set to effectively reduce service lateness at customers for drone delivery systems. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72101049 and 72232001], the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province [Grant 2023-BS-091], the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant DUT23RC(3)045], and the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation [Grant 22&ZD151]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0339 .
Epidemiological and health economic implications of symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens: A mathematical modelling investigation
Authors: Asplin Phoebe , Keeling Matt J. , Mancy Rebecca , Hill Edward M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Respiratory pathogens inflict a substantial burden on public health and the economy. Although the severity of symptoms caused by these pathogens can vary from asymptomatic to fatal, the factors that determine symptom severity are not fully understood. Correlations in symptoms between infector-infectee pairs, for which evidence is accumulating, can generate large-scale clusters of severe infections that could be devastating to those most at risk, whilst also conceivably leading to chains of mild or asymptomatic infections that generate widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health. Although this effect could be harnessed to amplify the impact of interventions that reduce symptom severity, the mechanistic representation of symptom propagation within mathematical and health economic modelling of respiratory diseases is understudied.

Methods and findings
We propose a novel framework for incorporating different levels of symptom propagation into models of infectious disease transmission via a single parameter, α. Varying α tunes the model from having no symptom propagation (α = 0, as typically assumed) to one where symptoms always propagate (α = 1). For parameters corresponding to three respiratory pathogens—seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2—we explored how symptom propagation impacted the relative epidemiological and health-economic performance of three interventions, conceptualised as vaccines with different actions: symptom-attenuating (labelled SA), infection-blocking (IB) and infection-blocking admitting only mild breakthrough infections (IB_MB).
In the absence of interventions, with fixed underlying epidemiological parameters, stronger symptom propagation increased the proportion of cases that were severe. For SA and IB_MB, interventions were more effective at reducing prevalence (all infections and severe cases) for higher strengths of symptom propagation. For IB, symptom propagation had no impact on effectiveness, and for seasonal influenza this intervention type was more effective than SA at reducing severe infections for all strengths of symptom propagation. For pandemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2, at low intervention uptake, SA was more effective than IB for all levels of symptom propagation; for high uptake, SA only became more effective under strong symptom propagation. Health economic assessments found that, for SA-type interventions, the amount one could spend on control whilst maintaining a cost-effective intervention (termed threshold unit intervention cost) was very sensitive to the strength of symptom propagation.

Conclusions
Overall, the preferred intervention type depended on the combination of the strength of symptom propagation and uptake. Given the importance of determining robust public health responses, we highlight the need to gather further data on symptom propagation, with our modelling framework acting as a template for future analysis.
Incidence of influenza virus-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in three districts in 2018 at Gharbia governorate, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Hossam , Kandeel Amr , Fahim Manal , ElSood Hanaa Abu , Elghazaly Shereen , Kamel Reham , El Shourbagy Sahar , Afifi Salma , Fattah Mohamed Abdel , Choi Miyoung , Lee Sang Gyu , Rajaguru Vasuki , Han Whiejong 
Published: May 2024

Aims
Influenza remains a contributor to substantial global morbidity and mortality. There is very limited data on disease burden in Egypt. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of influenza-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in three districts in Gharbia governorate in 2018.

Methods
This study Followed the World Health Organization (WHO) manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza. The hospital admission database was screened for SARI patients in three districts at Gharbia governorate in 2018. A hospital admission survey (HAS) was used to define the catchment population. The incidence rate estimation was computed as the number of influenza-positive SARI cases per 100,000 population.

Results
A total of 180 SARI cases were identified in the catchment area. The median age was 23 years [IQR: 2–53], and 45% were males. Out of the total SARI cases, 33.3% influenza was confirmed by the laboratory test of RP-PCR. Influenza A(H3N2) virus predominated representing 55.0% of patients, thanA(H1N1) 26.7% and Flu-B virus 18.3%. Influenza prevailed in winter and spring; no deaths from influenza were reported. The annual incidence of influenza-associated SARIs found higher in <2 years (282 /100,000) and ≥65 years patients (215/100,000) at significant level p<0.001.

Conclusion
The WHO Manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza was successfully operationalized in the three districts of Gharbia governorate. It can be used in other districts. A considerable burden was associated with influenza viruses requiring hospitalization, especially among the older adult group.
Development and evaluation of a multi-target droplet digital PCR assay for highly sensitive and specific detection of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Zhao Yanting , Yan Ziheng , Song Kai , Li Yanbing , Shen Leiming , Cui Yiming , Du Zongmin , Yang Ruifu , Song Yajun , Jing Lan , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2024

Background
Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a zoonotic disease that poses considerable threats to human health. Nucleic acid tests are crucial for plague surveillance and the rapid detection of Y. pestis. However, inhibitors in complex samples such as soil and animal tissues often hamper nucleic acid detection, leading to a reduced rate of identifying low concentrations of Y. pestis. To address this challenge, we developed a sensitive and specific droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay for detecting Y. pestis DNA from soil and animal tissue samples.

Methods
Three genes (ypo2088, caf1, and pla) from Y. pestis were used to develop a multi-target ddPCR assay. The limits of detection (LoD), reproducibility, and specificity were assessed for bacterial genomic DNA samples. The ability of the assay to detect low concentrations of Y. pestis DNA from simulated soil and mouse liver tissue samples was respectively evaluated and compared with that of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results
The results showed that the ddPCR LoDs ranged from 6.2 to 15.4 copies/reaction for the target genes, with good reproducibility and high specificity for Y. pestis. By testing 130 soil and mouse liver tissue samples spiked with Y. pestis, the ddPCR assay exhibited a better sensitivity than that of the qPCR assay used in the study, with LoDs of 102 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mg soil and 103 CFU/20 mg liver. Moreover, the assay presented good quantitative linearity (R2 = 0.99) for Y. pestis at 103–106 CFU/sample for soil and liver samples.

Conclusion
The ddPCR assay presented good performance for detecting Y. pestis DNA from soil and mouse tissue samples, showing great potential for improving the detection rate of low concentrations of Y. pestis in plague surveillance and facilitating the early diagnosis of plague cases.
Effectiveness of an eHealth intervention for reducing psychological distress and increasing COVID-19 knowledge and protective behaviors among racialized sexual and gender minority adults: A quasi-experimental study (#SafeHandsSafeHearts)
Authors: Newman Peter A. , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Massaquoi Notisha , Williams Charmaine C. , Tharao Wangari , Tepjan Suchon , Roungprakhon Surachet , Forbes Joelleann , Sebastian Sarah , Akkakanjanasupar Pakorn , Aden Muna 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Sexual and gender minority and racialized populations experienced heightened vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic. Marginalization due to structural homophobia, transphobia and racism, and resulting adverse social determinants of health that contribute to health disparities among these populations, were exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic and public health measures to control it. We developed and tested a tailored online intervention (#SafeHandsSafeHearts) to support racialized lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other persons outside of heteronormative and cisgender identities (LGBTQ+) in Toronto, Canada during the pandemic.

Methods
We used a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-session, peer-delivered eHealth intervention in reducing psychological distress and increasing Covid-19 knowledge and protective behaviors. Individuals ≥18-years-old, resident in Toronto, and self-identified as sexual or gender minority were recruited online. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, and Covid-19 knowledge and protective behaviors were assessed at baseline, 2-weeks postintervention, and 2-months follow-up. We used generalized estimating equations and zero-truncated Poisson models to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on the four primary outcomes.

Results
From March to November 2021, 202 participants (median age, 27 years [Interquartile range: 23–32]) were enrolled in #SafeHandsSafeHearts. Over half (54.5%, n = 110) identified as cisgender lesbian or bisexual women or women who have sex with women, 26.2% (n = 53) cisgender gay or bisexual men or men who have sex with men, and 19.3% (n = 39) transgender or nonbinary individuals. The majority (75.7%, n = 143) were Black and other racialized individuals. The intervention led to statistically significant reductions in the prevalence of clinically significant depressive (25.4% reduction, p < .01) and anxiety symptoms (16.6% reduction, p < .05), and increases in Covid-19 protective behaviors (4.9% increase, p < .05), from baseline to postintervention.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief, peer-delivered eHealth intervention for racialized LGBTQ+ communities in reducing psychological distress and increasing protective behaviors amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation through community-based organizations by trained peer counselors supports feasibility, acceptability, and the importance of engaging racialized LGBTQ+ communities in pandemic response preparedness. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04870723.
Screening for Hypertension in adolescents living with HIV: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial to improve guideline adherence
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Raphael , Enos Juliana , Yeboah Kwame , Shabanova Veronika , Hawley Nicola , Alangea Ogum Deda , Agyei Nkansah Adwoa , Paintsil Elijah , Torpey Kwasi 
Published: May 2024

Background
Although AIDS-related deaths have reduced with increased access to antiretroviral care, cardiovascular disease-related morbidities among persons living with HIV are rising. Contributing to this is the higher incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV. The duration of exposure to the virus and antiretroviral drugs plays a vital role in the pathogenesis, putting perinatally infected children and adolescents at higher risk than behaviorally-infected ones, supporting the calls for increased surveillance of Hypertension among them. Despite the availability of guidelines to support this surveillance, the blood pressure (BP) of adolescents living with HIV (ADLHIV) is not checked during clinical visits. This study aims to assess the effect of a theory-based intervention on healthcare workers’ adherence to the guidelines for hypertension screening among adolescents.

Methods
A multi-facility cluster-randomized study will be conducted. The clusters will be 20 antiretroviral therapy sites in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana with the highest adolescent caseload. Data will be extracted from the folders of adolescents (10–17 years) who received care in these facilities six months before the study. The ART staff of intervention facilities will receive a multicomponent theory of planned behaviour-based intervention. This will include orientation on hypertension risk among ADLHIV, provision of job aids and pediatric sphygmomanometers. Six months after the intervention, the outcome measure will be the change from baseline in the proportion of ADLHIV whose BP was checked during clinical visits. The calculated sample size is 400 folders.

Implications of findings
This study will generate evidence on the effectiveness of a multicomponent theory-based intervention for improving the implementation of clinical practice guidelines.

Trial registration
PACTR202205641023383.
Precision and accuracy of transcutaneous CO2 monitoring in infants born at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy on respiratory support
Authors: Lubis Syamsidah , Kaban Risma Kerina , Dewi Rismala , Putri Ruth Angelia 
Published: May 2024

Background Respiratory disorders in premature neonates often require respiratory support. Continous transcutaneous monitoring is an available non-invasive option to monitor CO2 pressure, substituting the need for blood gas analysis as the gold standard evaluation in practice. Most studies have been conducted on very and extremely preterm neonates, but rarely in late and moderately preterm neonates.
Objective To determine the precision and accuracy of transcutaneous CO2 pressure measuring devices compared to arterial blood gas analysis in neonates of 32-36 weeks gestational age who received respiratory support.
Methods This diagnostic, cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 late and moderately preterm neonates of 32–36 weeks gestation who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the Neonatology Unit at Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Subjects were monitored with a transcutaneous CO2 monitor and blood gas analysis (BGA). CO2 pressure measurements were made three times from the two devices. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and Bland-Altman tests to determine the precision and accuracy of transcutaneous monitoring by comparing its mean difference (MD) to BGA as the gold standard measurement.
Results Spearman’s analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between BGA and transcutaneous CO2 monitoring (P<0.001). However, the Bland - Altman test revealed a level of agreement between measuring devices was -14.46 to 6.9, with mean difference of -3.78; indicating poor precision of the transcutaneous evaluation regardless its high accuracy compared to its gold standard.
Conclusion The transcutaneous CO2 monitoring device has low precision, but a strong positive correlation to BGA; underlining its high accuracy in practice. Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring cannot replace BGA, the gold standard examination.
Perceptions, practices, and associated factors towards expressed breastfeeding among mothers in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Pambudi Wiyarni , Dewanto Naomi Esthernita Fauzia , Yusra Yusra , Werdhani Retno Asti , Endaryanto Anang , Fahmida Umi , Alatas Fatima Safira , Hegar Badriul 
Published: May 2024

Background Expression of breast milk is a strategy to ensures continuous breastfeeding during temporary separation of infant from the mother. Handling and storage of expressed breast milk (EBM) should be based on established recommendations because these practices can affect milk quality and safety.
Objective To describe perceptions and practices of EBM handling and storage, compare with commonly used recommendations and associated factors influencing these practices among mothers in Jakarta, Indonesia,
Methods Mothers who practiced expressed breastfeeding (EBF) to their 6-12 weeks-old infants completed questionnaires about their peceptions and practices on how they handle and storage EBM. The differences in perceptions and practices about expressed breastfeeding management were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.
Results Among 30 mothers, 14/30 gave EBF exclusively, 19/30 used breast pump, and 26/30 expressed ³6 times/day. Infants in this study received expressed milk 5-10 times per day. Maternal age and resource of information were factors significantly associated with mother’s perceptions, while maternal age, education, and parity were significantly associated with the practices of EBM handling and storage.
Conclusion This study reveals inconsistent perceptions and practices on expressed milk handling and storage by the mothers. They have good knowledge about the theoretical aspects of expressed breastfeeding, but some other techniques are poor, which can be detrimental to the health of the infants. Further study is needed to find more efficient and optimal methods of expressed milk handling and storage, necessitating thoughtful consideration of better practices and recommendations.
Gestão em Saúde Pública: Por um Atendimento de Qualidade
Authors: Pinheiro Filho Isac Sales , Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo é nada mais que um estudo preliminar sobre os aspectos essenciais da gestão em saúde pública, que podem ser implementados pelos profissionais da área e outros envolvidos nesse processo, com intuito de alcançar resultados significativos em prol de um sistema de qualidade. O referido trabalho aborda os mecanismos necessários para um melhor atendimento do publico-alvo (pacientes em diferentes segmentos). Além disso, o texto apresenta algumas ressalvas que buscam estabelecer conexões entre as habilidades e conhecimentos exigidos para que os profissionais de saúde possam desempenhar seu trabalho de forma adequada, nesse sentido, podendo resultar em impactos positivos quando os cuidados são aplicados conforme as estratégias estudadas, com isso, resultando na otimização do atendimento ao público.
Automated insulin delivery in children with type 1 diabetes during physical activity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuan-yuan , Ying Hui-min , Tian Fang , Qian Xiao-lu , Zhou Zhen-feng , Zhou Chun-cong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the automated insulin delivery (AID) in adolescents, and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during physical activity.

Methods
Relevant studies were searched electronically in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase utilizing the key words “Child”, “Insulin Infusion Systems”, and “Diabetes Mellitus” from inception to 17th March 2024 to evaluate the performance of the AID in adolescents, and children with T1D during physical activity.

Results
Twelve studies involving 514 patients were identified. AID did not show a beneficial effect on duration of hypoglycemia<70 mg/dL during study period (p>0.05; I2=96 %) and during the physical activity (p>0.99). Percentage of sensor glucose values in TIR was higher in AID than the non-AID pumps during study period (p<0.001; I2=94 %). The duration of hyperglycemic time was significantly decreased in AID group compared to the non-AID pumps group during study period (p<0.05; I2>50 %).

Conclusions
AID improved TIR and decreased the duration of hyperglycemic time, but did not appear to have a significant beneficial effect on the already low post-exercise duration of hypoglycemia achievable by open loop or sensor-augmented pumps in adolescents and children with T1D during physical activity; further research is needed to confirm the beneficial effect of AID on duration of hypoglycemia.