bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Oral Health Status Between Older Adults in a Multiethnic Rural Community: The Rural Nutrition and Oral Health Study
Authors: Quandt Sara A. , Chen Haiying , Bell Ronny A. , Anderson Andrea M. , Savoca Margaret R. , Kohrman Teresa , Gilbert Gregg H. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To compare oral health status according to ethnicity and socioeconomic status in African‐American, American‐Indian, and white dentate and edentulous community‐dwelling older adults.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study; data from self‐reports and oral examinations.PARTICIPANTS: A multistage cluster sampling design was used to recruit 635 participants aged 60 and older from rural North Carolina counties with substantial African‐American and American‐Indian populations.MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed in‐home interviews and oral examinations. Self‐reported data included sociodemographic indicators; self‐rated oral health status; presence or absence of periodontal disease, bleeding gums, oral pain, dry mouth; and fit of prostheses. Oral examination data included number of teeth and numbers of anterior and posterior functional occlusal units.RESULTS: African Americans and American Indians had significantly lower incomes and educational attainment than whites. Self‐rated oral health was significantly better in whites than in African Americans and American Indians. Prevalence of self‐reported periodontal disease and bleeding gums was lower in whites. Of dentate participants, African Americans were significantly more likely than whites to have 11 to 20 teeth and one or two posterior occlusal contacts. Oral health deficits remained associated with ethnicity when adjusted for socioeconomic variables.CONCLUSION: Oral health disparities in older adults in a multiethnic rural area were largely associated with ethnicity and not socioeconomic status. Clinicians should be aware of these health disparities in oral health status and their possible role in disparities in chronic disease. Further research is necessary to understand whether these oral health disparities reflect current or lifetime access to care, diet, or attitudes toward oral health care.
Travailler plus pour gagner plus? Les avis partagés des Européens
Authors: DAVOINE Lucie , MÉDA Dominique 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.Les Européens souhaitent‐ils travailler moins ou plus? Quelle place le travail devrait‐il occuper, à leurs yeux, dans la société? Les enquêtes montrent qu'ils accordent une grande importance au travail, mais qu'une partie d'entre eux souhaite voir celui‐ci occuper une moindre place dans leur vie. Comment expliquer ce paradoxe? Trois hypothèses sont explorées en exploitant les principaux résultats des enquêtes internationales: l'étiolement des attentes à l'égard du travail, le fossé entre ces attentes et une réalité qui n'est pas satisfaisante, et enfin la volonté de dédier plus de temps à d'autres activités. Les auteures concluent par des suggestions politiques.
Progrès technique et répartition des revenus en Europe
Authors: PERUGINI Cristiano , POMPEI Fabrizio 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.Les auteurs apportent des éléments empiriques montrant le lien entre progrès technique et inégalités de revenu dans quatorze pays d'Europe. Ils testent l'hypothèse du changement technique favorisant les qualifications dans des secteurs ayant différentes densités en technologie et montrent la complémentarité entre progrès technique et qualifications. Ils en viennent ensuite à rechercher si l'évolution de la demande de travail qualifié est un déterminant des inégalités et observent dans cinq secteurs sur huit une relation non linéaire, suivant une courbe en U inversé, pouvant s'expliquer par le comblement dans le temps du décalage entre demande et offre de main‐d'œuvre qualifiée.
La Cour suprême de justice de la Nation et le régime syndical argentin
Authors: Goldin Adrián 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.Le monopole syndical établi par la loi argentine vient d'être remis en cause par un arrêt de la Cour suprême, selon lequel le syndicat désigné comme «le plus représentatif» jouit, par rapport aux autres, de facultés et privilèges excessifs. Cela est contraire au principe «d'organisation libre et démocratique des syndicats» inscrit dans la Constitution du pays et à la doctrine des organes de contrôle de l'OIT. Ainsi, la cour reconnaît le rang constitutionnel de la convention (n° 87) sur la liberté syndicale et rejette une unité syndicale imposée par la loi et non librement décidée par les travailleurs.
Statistiques du travail: frontières et diversité du travail
Authors: Bollé Patrick 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.La 18e Conférence internationale des statisticiens du travail s'est réunie fin 2008. Elle avait à son ordre du jour les questions de mesure dans les domaines suivants: temps de travail, travail des enfants, travail décent, sous‐utilisation de la main‐d'œuvre, travail bénévole, etc. L'auteur examine ici les innovations en matière de concepts et de définitions, notamment à propos des frontières de la notion de travail. Parmi elles, la prise en compte du travail domestique et bénévole au sein des ménages est particulièrement utile à la mesure du temps de travail et du travail des enfants.
Antipsychotic prescribing trends: a review of pharmaco‐epidemiological studies
Authors: Verdoux H. , Tournier M. , Bégaud B. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  To review findings from pharmaco‐epidemiological studies exploring antipsychotic (AP) drugs prescribing trends.Method:  We retrieved original studies that explored AP prescribing trends in general population samples since 2000. For each study, we extracted information on sampling method, period, assessment of AP use and corresponding estimates (incidence rates, prevalence rates, pharmacy sales, prescription data) and diagnostic assessment.Results:  Nearly all studies meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 17) showed an increase in AP prescriptions, mainly because of a dramatic rise in second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAP) prescriptions. APs are often prescribed for non‐psychotic disorders in adults as well as in children and adolescents.Conclusion:  Considering the growing number of persons from the general population exposed to APs, population studies assessing the risk/benefit ratio of SGAP use in disorders other than psychosis are necessary, particularly in children and adolescents.
Health‐related quality of life assessment in randomised controlled trials in multiple myeloma: a critical review of methodology and impact on treatment recommendations
Authors: Kvam Ann Kristin , Fayers Peter , Hjermstad Marianne , Gulbrandsen Nina , Wisloff Finn 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) often have pronounced symptoms and substantially reduced quality of life. The aims of treatment are to control disease, maximise quality of life and prolong survival. Hence, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) should be an important end‐point in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in addition to traditional endpoints. We wanted to evaluate whether trials reporting HRQOL outcomes have influenced clinical decision making and whether HRQOL was assessed robustly according to predefined criteria.Methods:  A systematic review identified RCTs in MM with HRQOL assessment as a study end‐point. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed according to a checklist developed for evaluating HRQOL outcomes in clinical trials. The impact of the HRQOL results on clinical decision making was assessed, using published clinical guidelines as a reference.Results:  Fifteen publications presenting RCTs with HRQOL as a study end‐point were identified. In 13 trials, the author stated that HRQOL results should influence clinical decision making. We found, however, that the HRQOL data only had a limited impact on published treatment guidelines for bisphosphonates, high‐dose treatment, interferon, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents and novel agents.Conclusion:  The present review indicates that the there are still few RCTs in MM including HRQOL as a study end‐point. Systematic incorporation of HRQOL measures into clinical trials allows for a comparison of treatment arms that includes the patients’ perspective. Before the full impact on clinical decisions can be realised, the quality and methodology of collecting HRQOL data must be further improved and the results rendered more comprehensible to clinicians.
Two independent gene signatures in pediatric t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Trentin Luca , Giordan Marco , Dingermann Theo , Basso Giuseppe , Te Kronnie Geertruy , Marschalek Rolf 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:  Gene expression profiles become increasingly more important for diagnostic procedures, allowing clinical predictions including treatment response and outcome. However, the establishment of specific and robust gene signatures from microarray data sets requires the analysis of large numbers of patients and the application of complex biostatistical algorithms. Especially in case of rare diseases and due to these constrains, diagnostic centers with limited access to patients or bioinformatic resources are excluded from implementing these new technologies.Method:  In our study we sought to overcome these limitations and for proof of principle, we analyzed the rare t(4;11) leukemia disease entity. First, gene expression data of each t(4;11) leukemia patient were normalized by pairwise subtraction against normal bone marrow (n = 3) to identify significantly deregulated gene sets for each patient.Result:  A ‘core signature’ of 186 commonly deregulated genes present in each investigated t(4;11) leukemia patient was defined. Linking the obtained gene sets to four biological discriminators (HOXA gene expression, age at diagnosis, fusion gene transcripts and chromosomal breakpoints) divided patients into two distinct subgroups: the first one comprised infant patients with low HOXA genes expression and the MLL breakpoints within introns 11/12. The second one comprised non‐infant patients with high HOXA expression and MLL breakpoints within introns 9/10.Conclusion:  A yet homogeneous leukemia entity was further subdivided, based on distinct genetic properties. This approach provided a simplified way to obtain robust and disease‐specific gene signatures even in smaller cohorts.
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type, with features simulating POEMS syndrome
Authors: Nakayama Shoko , Yokote Taiji , Kobayashi Kichinosuke , Hirata Yuji , Akioka Toshikazu , Miyoshi Takuji , Oka Satoko , Hiraoka Nobuya , Iwaki Kazuki , Takayama Ayami , Takubo Takayuki , Tsuji Motomu , Hanafusa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA 91‐year‐old woman presented with a rapidly proliferative cutaneous lesion on the left lower limb, which was identified as a primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PCLBCL), leg type, on biopsy. The patient also showed complications of hepatomegaly, endocrinopathy, edema, skin change, and polyneuropathy without monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder, and was therefore diagnosed with POEMS‐like syndrome owing to the lack of monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder. Levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were high with the lymphoma cells immunostained positively for VEGF and IL‐6. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of PCLBCL, leg type, with POEMS‐like syndrome. The findings in this case suggest that the symptoms of POEMS‐like syndrome might be caused by the cytokines produced by the lymphoma cells. Furthermore, a wider range of diagnostic criteria associated with the result of abnormal secretion of cytokine may have to be considered for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with possible POEMS syndrome, as against the present criteria specifying monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder as the essential criterion.
A digital tongue imaging system for tongue coating evaluation in patients with oral malodour
Authors: Kim J , Jung Y , Park K , Park J‐W 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  Several simple visual methods have been developed for assessing tongue coating, but it is difficult to eliminate biases associated with these. The digital tongue imaging system (DTIS) was designed to acquire tongue surface images using a digital camera under controlled conditions, and to calculate tongue coating area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DTIS for clinical use by comparing it with the Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI).Materials and Methods:  Forty participants with oral malodour were rated on WTCI by two independent examiners, and photographs of their tongues were assessed using the DTIS. The photographs were also rated by the examiners (blinded to in vivo WTCI and DTIS statuses).Results:  Agreements between in vivo WTCI ratings and DTIS assessments were relatively high at r = 0.561 for one examiner and r = 0.736 for the other (P < 0.01), while agreements between the in vivo WTCI ratings and tongue photograph‐based ratings were also high at r = 0.645 for one examiner and r = 0.742 (P < 0.01) for the other.Conclusions:  Digital tongue imaging system was found to be highly reliable and as having potential clinical applications. However, the algorithm for determining in vivo tongue coating status requires improvement.
No evidence of intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus from a mother to a premature infant
Authors: Selander Bo , Bläckberg Jonas , Widell Anders , Johansson PJ Hugo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To determine whether or not an intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurred from an infected mother to her premature infant delivered by caesarean section.Methods:  The mother and her child were tested for HAV by serology and reverse transcription PCR.Results:  An outbreak of HAV infection was seen among children and a 33‐year‐old day‐care teacher, pregnant in third trimester, at a day‐care centre in southern Sweden. Due to premature labour and diminished foetal movements a caesarean section was performed and a premature girl in gestational weeks 33 + 1 was born. During the 3‐week postnatal hospitalization period the child presented no clinical symptoms of HAV infection and anti‐HAV IgM antibodies remained undetectable at day 14 and 109 after birth. Furthermore HAV RNA remained undetectable by reverse transcription PCR in the child’s blood at birth and in throat and faeces for the first 3 and 4 weeks of life respectively. HAV RNA in the mother’s blood was detected at 6 days prior to and at 17 days after delivery. HAV RNA was undetectable in breast milk when tested on day 3 after delivery.Conclusion:  There was no evidence of intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus from a viraemic mother to her premature child delivered at gestational week 33 + 1 by caesarean section.
Evaluation of an oral function promotion programme for the independent elderly in Japan
Authors: Hakuta Chiyoko , Mori Chisato , Ueno Masayuki , Shinada Kayoko , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: June 2009

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to provide an oral function promotion programme for the independent elderly and evaluate the changes in oral health status and oral function.Background:  Few studies have scientifically analysed and evaluated the effectiveness of oral function promotion programmes provided for the independent elderly.Materials and methods:  The subjects were independent elderly females (mean age: 74.6 ± 6.3) recruited from senior citizens’ centres in Tokyo. The intervention group (n = 79) received a 3‐month oral function promotion programme, which included facial muscle and tongue exercises and salivary gland massages. The control group (n = 62) did not receive this programme.Results:  In the intervention group, the tongue coating scores decreased and the organoleptic score of oral malodour fell. The amount of food debris in the oral cavity decreased and the tongue dryness improved. Furthermore, the salivary flow rate increased. The length of time for maintaining the tongue in the forward position increased from 11.2 s to 18.7 s, and the number of times for moving the tip of the tongue in a clockwise circular motion, counter‐clockwise circular motion and side‐to‐side motion within 30 s, increased from 14.5 to 20.6, 14.5 to 20.2, and 17.2 to 23.3 respectively. The number of times for movement of the lips significantly improved from 23.0 to 28.8 and the pronunciation of words was observed to be clearer.Conclusion:  An oral function promotion programme was effective in improving the oral health status and oral function of an independent elderly population.
Oral health and oral implant status in edentulous patients with implant‐supported dental prostheses who are receiving long‐term nursing care
Authors: Isaksson Rita , Becktor Jonas P. , Brown Andrew , Laurizohn Christer , Isaksson Sten 
Published: June 2009

Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate oral health and oral implant status in a group of edentulous patients receiving long‐term residential or nursing care (LTC), all of whom had implant‐supported fixed or removable dental prostheses.Material and methods:  A dental examination was performed on a total of 3310 patients receiving LTC and from this population 35 edentulous patients in whom dental implants had been placed formed the cohort for this study. All examinations were performed by a specialist in hospital dentistry and took place in the patients’ own home environment. Oral health was assessed by means of a protocol which evaluated oral hygiene status, possible oral mucosal inflammation and oral mucosal friction levels. Any problems with the implant‐supported prosthesis, implant mobility or other complications were also assessed. In addition, patients were asked about any oral symptoms and their usual oral hygiene procedures.Results:  About half of the subjects (17/35) were registered as having no/mild inflammation with 18 of 35 having moderate/severe inflammation. Twelve of the 35 patients had good/acceptable oral hygiene and 23 of 35 had poor/bad oral hygiene. Twenty‐one of the 35 patients depended on help from the nursing personnel for their daily oral hygiene procedures. Obvious problems with food impaction were noted in 11 patients. A total of 229 implants had been placed in 43 jaws supporting 40 full arch‐fixed prostheses and three implant‐borne overdentures. There was no evidence of mobility or fractures of either the implants or the prostheses. Fifteen implants showed some exposed screw threads. Pus was exuding from one implant site and general peri‐implant gingival hyperplasia was noted in two patients. Twenty‐four patients were completely satisfied with the function and appearance of their implant‐supported prostheses. Two patients were totally dissatisfied.Conclusion:  This study indicates that oral implant therapy can be considered as a treatment of choice in elderly patients, even if oral hygiene is sub‐optimal.
Oxygation Enhances Growth, Gas Exchange and Salt Tolerance of Vegetable Soybean and Cotton in a Saline Vertisol
Authors: Bhattarai Surya P. , Midmore David J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Impacts of salinity become severe when the soil is deficient in oxygen. Oxygation (using aerated water for subsurface drip irrigation of crop) could minimize the impact of salinity on plants under oxygen‐limiting soil environments. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygation (12% air volume/volume of water) on vegetable soybean (moderately salt tolerant) and cotton (salt tolerant) in a salinized vertisol at 2, 8, 14, 20 dS/m ECe. In vegetable soybean, oxygation increased above ground biomass yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 13% and 22%, respectively, compared with the control. Higher yield with oxygation was accompanied by greater plant height and stem diameter and reduced specific leaf area and leaf Na+ and Cl− concentrations. In cotton, oxygation increased lint yield and WUE by 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with the control, and was accompanied by greater canopy light interception, plant height and stem diameter. Oxygation also led to a greater rate of photosynthesis, higher relative water content in the leaf, reduced crop water stress index and lower leaf water potential. It did not, however, affect leaf Na+ or Cl− concentration. Oxygation invariably increased, whereas salinity reduced the K+ : Na+ ratio in the leaves of both species. Oxygation improved yield and WUE performance of salt tolerant and moderately tolerant crops under saline soil environments, and this may have a significant impact for irrigated agriculture where saline soils pose constraints to crop production.
Hypocretin/orexin and narcolepsy: new basic and clinical insights
Authors: Nishino S. , Okuro M. , Kotorii N. , Anegawa E. , Ishimaru Y. , Matsumura M. , Kanbayashi T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNarcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. Both sporadic (95%) and familial (5%) forms of narcolepsy exist in humans. The major pathophysiology of human narcolepsy has been recently discovered based on the discovery of narcolepsy genes in animals; the genes involved in the pathology of the hypocretin/orexin ligand and its receptor. Mutations in hypocretin‐related genes are rare in humans, but hypocretin ligand deficiency is found in a large majority of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Hypocretin ligand deficiency in human narcolepsy is probably due to the post‐natal cell death of hypocretin neurones. Although a close association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and human narcolepsy with cataplexy suggests an involvement of autoimmune mechanisms, this has not yet been proved. Hypocretin deficiency is also found in symptomatic cases of narcolepsy and EDS with various neurological conditions, including immune‐mediated neurological disorders, such as Guillain–Barre syndrome, MA2‐positive paraneoplastic syndrome and neuromyelitis optica (NMO)‐related disorder. The findings in symptomatic narcoleptic cases may have significant clinical relevance to the understanding of the mechanisms of hypocretin cell death and choice of treatment option. The discoveries in human cases lead to the establishment of the new diagnostic test of narcolepsy (i.e. low cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin‐1 levels for ‘narcolepsy with cataplexy’ and ‘narcolepsy due to medical condition’). As a large majority of human narcolepsy patients are ligand deficient, hypocretin replacement therapy may be a promising new therapeutic option, and animal experiments using gene therapy and cell transplantations are in progress.