bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction amplification of respiratory syncytial virus genome from neonatal nasal swab samples
Authors: YOSHIO HIROYUKI , YAMADA MASAO , NII SHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn order to make a rapid and accurate diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, nasal swabs obtained from 14 neonates suspected of having this disease were examined for the presence of RSV genome by reverse transcription (RT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, along with enzyme immunoassay (EIA), serum neutralization testing and virus isolation. The RT‐PCR method was sensitive enough to detect a 0.1 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per milliliter by nested PCR. The RSV antigen was detected from the samples at more than 100 TCID50 per milliliter by EIA. Nine patients were positive for the presence of RSV genome by first PCR on the day of admission, and eight were also positive by nested PCR even on the fifth hospital day. Among nine PCR positives, four patients were positive for EIA and five for virus isolation. No cases were serologically diagnosed. The cases that were negative for RT‐PCR were also negative according to the other methods. In the clinical setting, the RT‐PCR assay is more useful for diagnosis of RSV infection than other methods when the suspected cases are negative by EIA assay.
Plasma concentration and acute clinical effects of docarpamine, orally active dopamine prodrug, in infants
Authors: TOMITA HIDESHI , FUSE SHIGETO , CHIBA SHUNZO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCurrently, there are no data available on the optimal doses and efficacy of docarpamine in infants. In the present study, three doses of docarpamine, 15.0–20.4 (19.0 ± 1.9; mean ± SD) mg/kg per dose every 8 h to 10 infants suffering heart failure. Age and bodyweight were from 1 to 4 (1.4 ± 1) months and 2960–5160 (3350 ± 872) g, respectively. In all infants, plasma concentrations of free dopamine were measured 1, 2 and 3 h after the first administration. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were examined before and at the same time as the first administration. In seven infants, the 24 h urinary output and urinary excretion of electrolytes and creatinine before and during docarpamine were measured. Peak plasma concentration of free dopamine (ng/mL) was achieved after 1 or 2 h of administration, 0–163.1 (37.9 ± 47.2) and 0–105.0 (37.8 ± 39.3), respectively. The concentration had decreased rapidly by 3 h to 0–34.2 (12.4 ± 11.0). Both heart rate (b.p.m.) and blood pressure (mmHg) tended to increase from 120–154 (140 ± 15) and 56–90 (76 ± 11) to a peak of 124–162 (148 ± 14) and 70–92 (79 ± 8), respectively (P = 0.197, P = 0.289). There were no significant changes in urinary output or excreta. Oral docarpamine of 15–20 mg/kg per dose can achieve plasma free concentrations of dopamine that increase heart rate and systolic blood pressure.
Application of a new perchloric acid treatment method to measure endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood by an endotoxin‐specific chromogenic Limulus test in intra‐amniotic infection
Authors: SUDA HIDETOSHI , MOROI CHIKAE , INADA KATSUYA , CHIDA SHOICHI , YOSHIDA MASAO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEndotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood was measured to detect intra‐amniotic fetal infection. Both amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma were pretreated by a perchloric acid treatment, and the endotoxin level was measured by Endospecy test. Cut off values for endotoxin in amniotic fluid and cord blood were 8.5 pg/mL and 7.6 pg/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli intra‐amniotic infection caused respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)‐mimicking pneumonia. Abnormally high values of endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood were detected. Intra‐amniotic infection caused by Gram‐positive bacteria (group B streptococci, Enterococcus fecalis) was shown to be endotoxin negative in both amniotic fluid and cord blood. In cases of negative amniotic fluid culture, measurement of the value of endotoxin in the amniotic fluid is useful in identifying intra‐amniotic fetal infection.
Serum transferrin receptor levels in the evaluation of iron deficiency in the neonate
Authors: RUSIA USHA , FLOWERS CAROL , MADAN NISHI , AGARWAL NEERA , SOOD SK , SIKKAI MEERA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major global problem. Early onset of iron deficiency in developing countries makes it imperative to identify iron deficiency in neonates. Most conventional laboratory parameters of iron status fail to distinguish neonates with iron deficient erythropoiesis. Serum transferrin receptor (STFR) levels are a recent sensitive measure of iron deficiency and the present study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of cord serum transferrin receptors in identifying iron deficient erythropoiesis in neonates. A complete hemogram, red cell indices, iron profile: serum iron (SI), percent transferrin saturation (TS%) and serum ferritin (SF) was carried out in 100 full‐term neonates and their mothers at parturition. Cord and maternal STFR levels were estimated using a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Anemic women had a significantly lower SI, their TS% and high STFR levels suggesting that iron deficiency was responsible for the anemia. In the neonates of iron deficient mothers, cord SI, TS% and cord ferritin were not significantly different from those of neonates born to non‐anemic mothers. Cord STFR level correlated well with hemoglobin (Hb) and laboratory parameters of iron status, and its level was significantly higher in neonates born to anemic mothers than in those bom to non‐anemic mothers. It was the only laboratory parameter to differentiate between neonates bom to anemic and non‐anemic mothers. Therefore, STFR is a sensitive index of iron status in neonates and identifies neonates with iron deficient erythropoiesis.
Transcapillary ultrafiltration and peritoneal equilibration test in pediatric patients
Authors: KAKU YOSHITSUGU , HISANO SATOSHI , KANEMITSU SATOMI , NOHARA KAORU , HATAE KEN , UEDA KOHJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe usefulness of the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) in children is unknown. The relationship between transcapillary ultrafiltration and PET was investigated in order to evaluate the usefulness of PET in children. PET was performed on 14 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Their age and bodyweight ranged from 3.8 to 23.6 years and 10.2 to 55.8 kg, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to bodyweight; group A patients weighed ≤ 40 kg (n = 7) and group B patients weighed > 40 kg (n = 7).There was no significant difference in the mean infusion volume per bodyweight between the two groups, but the mean infusion volume per body surface area was smaller in group A than in group B. Group A showed a more rapid equilibration of dialysate glucose and creatinine than group B. Higher normalized mass transfer area coefficients were evident in group A. In spite of the lower effective glucose gradient in group A, the transcapillary ultrafiltration capacity (TUFC) showed no difference between the two groups. When the slope indices of the regression equations between the two groups were compared, the slopes of the regression in the relationship between TUFC and dialysate (D) ratios D/D0 glucose or D/P creatinine in group A were steeper than those in group B. Results of the present study indicate that the larger peritoneal area to infusion volume in patients with smaller body size results in both a rapid equilibration of solutes and sufficient transcapillary ultrafiltration.
Pre‐operative time course changes in liver function tests in biliary atresia: Its usefulness in the discrimination of biliary atresia in early infancy
Authors: YAMAGIWA IWAO , IWAFUCHI MAKOTO , OBATA KAZUYA , SAITO HIROYUKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn order to investigate the possibility of early discrimination of extrahepatic biliary atresia from other cholestatic diseases, a series of results of liver function tests in infants with cholestatic diseases were reviewed. The results of routine liver function tests (LFT) recorded in patients' charts were reviewed within 12 weeks after birth in 47 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia (BA), 10 infants with neonatal hepatitis (NH) and 130 age‐matched control infants (CO) without cholestatic diseases. The mean of each test value for each week after birth was derived from the actual data examined in each infant. No differences were observed between BA and CO in the levels of aminotransferases within 2 weeks after birth. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were significantly different between BA and CO within 1 week after birth (16.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL vs 11.1 ± 4.5 mg/dL, 4.6 ± 2.6 mg/dL vs 0.7 ± 0.3 mg/dL, respectively) The direct bilirubin‐total bilirubin ratio exceeded 25% within the first week in BA. The individual values of direct bilirubin (DB) exceeded 2 mg/dL within the first week in all infants with BA, while none of the individual values exceeded 1.6 mg/dL in CO. Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels were significantly different between BA and CO at 4 weeks (432 ± 272 IU/L vs 79 ± 43 IU/L) and thereafter; and were significantly different between BA and NH at 6 weeks (314 ± 232 IU/l vs 69 ± 58 IU/L) and thereafter. These data suggest that the determination of direct bilirubin within 1 week after birth can detect extrahepatic biliary atresia patients from those with physiologic jaundice, and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels may discriminate BA from NH at no later than 6 weeks of age.
Sjögren's syndrome with membranous glomerulonephritis detected by urine screening of schoolchildren
Authors: YOSHIDA KAZUO , SUZUKI JUNZO , KUME KAZUNARI , SUZUKI SHIGEO , ISOME MASATO , KATO KAZUO , SUZUKI HITOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA case of Sjögren's syndrome with glomerulonephritis is presented. The patient was a 13 year old male with hematuria and proteinuria discovered by urine screening of school children. Evaluation showed no evidence of any associated connective tissue disease. Kidney biopsy was consistent with membranous glomerulonephritis. Sjögren's syndrome with membranous glomerulonephritis is rare and the patient was the youngest case in the literature.
Coffin‐Siris syndrome: A case of an extremely low birthweight infant with severe kyphoscoliosis
Authors: SUZUMURA HIROSHI , SAKURAI KENJI , KANO KENICHI , ICHIMURA TOHJU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA case of Coffin‐Siris syndrome in a male of extremely low birthweight with severe kyphoscoliosis is reported. His birthweight was 965 g, the lowest reported in the world for an infant with this syndrome. Coffin‐Siris syndrome is characterized by nail hypoplasia of the fingers and toes, eyebrow hypertrichosis, prominent lips and prenatal or postnatal growth retardation. He was the only case who was mechanically ventilated from birth because of birth asphyxia. He died at 12 days of age because of sepsis, a poor immune system as in other extremely low birthweight infants, and because he easily suffered from upper respiratory infection as a result of Coffin‐Siris syndrome.Kyphoscoliosis is suggested as one of the important features in low birthweight cases of Coffin‐Siris syndrome in previous reports and in the present case.
The first case of type B infant botulism in Japan
Authors: KAKINUMA HIROAKI , MARUYAMA HIROMI , TAKAHASHI HIROAKI , YAMAKAWA KIYOTAKA , NAKAMURA SHINICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA six‐month‐old girl with a 5 consecutive day history of constipation and poor feeding developed generalized weakness, poor head control, difficulties in sucking and swallowing, and cranial nerve dysfunction within a few days. These characteristic manifestations and clinical course prompted examination of the possibility of infant botulism, although no history of eating honey was obtained. Mouse bioassay performed with enema effluent demonstrated type B botulinum toxin. Culture of the effluent was positive for Clostridium botulinum type B. This is the first case of type B infant botulism in Japan.
Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction associated with ring chromosome 18
Authors: ARITAKI SEKOIYA , TAKAGI AKIRA , SOMEYA HAYASHI , JUN LI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe patient was a girl 5 years and 1 month old of markedly short stature (–3.9 SD) for her chronological age. Although her karyotype was 46, XX, r(18)(p11q23), there were no symptoms of a chromosomal deletion. Other authors have described cases with a ring autosome showing a phenotype with short stature alone as ‘ring syndrome’, regardless of which autosome is involved. The present case seems to fall into this category. Although blood growth hormone (GH) showed normal responses to four types of provocative tests, the mean value of blood GH levels obtained at 30 min intervals for 24 h was low, indicating the existence of growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction (GHND)
Hospital facilities available to patients with Kawasaki disease: Results of a national survey of Kawasaki disease in Japan
Authors: KOYANAGI HIDEKI , NAKAMURA YOSIKAZU , YASHIRO MAYUMI , YANAGAWA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSince 1970, thirteen nationwide epidemiologic surveys of Kawasaki disease have been conducted, and questions on the current situation of hospitals and their facilities have been included in the survey form to assess the care available to patients with Kawasaki disease. To clarify the characteristics of medical care for Kawasaki disease, this paper summarizes the present condition of hospital facilities available to patients with Kawasaki disease. A questionnaire form including questions about the situation of hospital facilities was sent to all pediatric departments of hospitals with 100 or more beds throughout Japan. The proportion of hospitals in which successive observations with echocardiography (UCG) is available (UCG available hospital) was significantly increased compared with the ninth survey (1985–86), whereas that of the hospitals in which coronary angiography (CAG) is available (CAG available hospital) was significantly decreased. Almost all (96.2%) of the patients were reported from the UCG available hospitals. The proportion of patients reported from hospitals with a set policy for intravenous gamma globulin (IVGG) therapy was 74.5%. The proportion of UCG available and CAG available hospitals and that of hospitals with a set policy for IVGG therapy correlated with the increase in the number of patients. In conclusion, hospital facilities available to patients with Kawasaki disease in Japan have satisfactory capability for diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease.
Renal functional measurements in young rats with chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase
Authors: TSUKAHARA HIROKAZU , IMURA TOSHIO , TSUCHIDA SHINYA , NUNOSE MITSUKO , HORI CHIKAHIDE , HIRAOKA MASAHIRO , GEJYO FUMITAKE , SUDO MASAKATSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine renal functional changes caused by chronic blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in young rats. Two types of NO synthase inhibitor were used: NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) as a non‐selective inhibitor and aminoguanidine (AG) as a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform. Oral administration of L‐NAME (20–80 mg/dL of drinking water), not AG (400 mg/dL), for 4 weeks induced systemic hypertension in the treated rats. Both inhibitors caused a significant reduction in urinary excretion of NO2−/NO3−. Rats treated with L‐NAME developed proteinuria and tubular enzymuria (high excretion of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase) in a dose‐dependent fashion, with normal serum levels of creatinine, albumin and cholesterol. Chronic AG administration did not alter the urinary levels of protein and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase or serum laboratory values. Overall, these observations highlight the importance of the continuous generation of NO by the constitutive isoform in the control of vascular tone and the maintenance of renal glomerular and tubular function. Oral administration of L‐NAME may serve as a model of chronic NO‐deficient hypertension with renal injury in young rats.
The usefulness of measuring body fat deposition for detecting obesity and atherogenesity in Japanese school children
Authors: TAKAHASHI HIDEO , HASHIMOTO NAOSHI , KAWASAKI TAKUYA , KIKUCHI TORU , UCHIYAMA MAKOTO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBody fat deposition was measured in overweight and non‐overweight children using a bioelectrical impedance method, and its relationship with serum lipids and apolipoproteins was investigated in 90 overweight children (over 120% of their ideal weight) and 241 non‐overweight children aged 10–15 years in Niigata Prefecture. The results were as follows. Overweight boys had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), atherogenic index (AI), RLP‐cholesterol (RLP‐C), apoA1, apoA2, apoB, apoC2, apoC3, apoE and the ratio of apoB to apoAl than non‐overweight boys. Overweight girls had significantly higher levels of TC, LDL‐C, AI, remnant‐like lopoprotein cholesterol (RLP‐C), apoA2, apoB, apoC2, apoC3, apoE and the ratio of apoB to apoA1 than non‐overweight girls. It has been reported that of all children studied 2.1% had higher levels of RLP‐C than its upper limit known for adults (12 mg/dL). Of the overweight children in the present study, 4.4% had a high level of RLP‐C whereas only 1.2% of non‐overweight children had a high RLP‐C level. No difference in the lipoprotein levels was found between overweight and non‐overweight children. In both boys and girls, relative weight, body fat, skinfold thickness and body mass index (BMI) were correlated with the lipoprotein levels. Non‐overweight boys whose body fat was over 20% had significantly higher levels of TC, LDL‐C, apoA2, apoB, apoC2, apoE and apoB/A1 than those whose body fat was less than 20%. It was concluded that the measurement of body fat deposition, together with relative weight, was useful for detecting obesity and atherogenesity in Japanese school children.
Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in Karachi, Pakistan: Prospective studies during 1990–93
Authors: ISOMURA SHIN , MUBINA AGBOATWALLA , DURE‐SAMIN AKRAM , ISIHARA YUICHI , SAKAE KENJI , YAMASHITA TERUO , NISHIO OSAMU , AHMED AKHTAR 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBetween October 1989 and September 1993, 245 cases of poliomyelitis visited the Department of Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The majority of them were between 6 months and 2 years of age and the epidemic occurred during the hot season. The dominant serotype was polio type 1. All of the polioviruses isolated from the patients were wild type. Virological studies also disclosed that enteroviruses other than polioviruses were prevalent among healthy children as well as diarrheal and polio patients. Serodiagnosis by poliovirus‐specific immunoglobulin M antibody tests using the capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method were in good agreement with the results of virus isolation. The present study demonstrated that Pakistan is a region endemic for wild poliovirus and more aggressive preventive measures are needed to eradicate poliomyelitis from the region.
Chronic respiratory failure after acquired cytomegalovirus infection in a very low birthweight infant
Authors: SUZUMURA HIROSHI , SAKURAI KENJI , KANO KENICHI , ICHIMURA TOHJU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe case of a female infant who developed chronic respiratory failure after an acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is presented here. She was a very low birthweight (VLBW) infant and was free from oxygen supplement until 2 months after birth. Interstitial pneumonia occurred at 2 months of age, and her respiratory condition gradually deteriorated. A chest roentgenogram at 4 months revealed hyperinflation and reticular shadow, similar to that of severe chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. She was mechanically ventilated because of progressive respiratory deterioration, and oxygen dependency continued for 5 months after extubation. There are several previous reports of CMV pneumonia in term neonates or infants. However, there appears to be no published report on the pulmonary sequelae of CMV pneumonia in VLBW infants. The present case seems to indicate that acquired CMV pneumonia in VLBW infants causes chronic respiratory failure even when mechanical ventilation is not administered, and this respiratory failure is very similar to CLD in clinical symptoms and chest roentgenogram.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children: The importance of skin care and environmental control
Authors: GANIR ESTELA M. , CAPULONG MARIA CHONA T. , TAHARA KIYOSHI , AKASAWA AKIRA , IIKURA YOJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 5‐year‐old female with severe atopic dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection is presented. The patient had been managed with topical steroids and anti‐allergic drugs for several months prior to admission to the National Children's Hospital, Tokyo. This case is reported to emphasize that drugs alone are not sufficient in treating severe atopic dermatitis. Skin care and environmental control are equally important and should form a part in the management of the disease.
Prospective study of nesidioblastosis in newborns and infants: Hypoglycemic seizures, epileptogenesis and the significance of the C‐peptide suppression test in pancreatectomy
Authors: IZUMI TATSURO , TAKESHIGE HIROKO , ARAI TOSHIHIKO , SUGAMA MICHIKO , MIZUSHIMA MIKA , FUKUYAMA YUKIO , MABUCHI GENGO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe long‐term follow‐up of chronic hyperinsulinemic seizures, epileptogenesis and other neurological complications in five patients who were treated with conservative therapy followed by pancreatectomy during the neonatal period and infancy, who were confirmed to have diffuse nesidioblastosis are described. The reaction pattern of the C‐peptide (CPR) suppression test and its relation to the final extent of pancreatectomy was examined in four patients. The chronological change in electro‐encephalography (EEG) and its epileptogenesis was also examined in each patient during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, and during normoglycemia in a long‐term post‐pancreatectomy follow‐up. All patients demonstrated several types of hypoglycemic seizures, ranging from apnea, erratic seizures, partial seizures evolving to generalized/unilateral tonic‐clonic or tonic seizures, myoclonic seizures and EEG abnormalities. Four of five patients still suffered from epilepsy at the age of 4–22 years. The reaction pattern of the CPR suppression test showed dichotomy, with a hyper‐reactive pattern in two patients who required total pancreatectomy to control hypoglycemia, and a suppression pattern in two other patients treated with 90–95% pancreatectomy.Neonatal onset and subsequent myoclonic seizures were ominous signs of epileptogenesis to various types of intractable epilepsy and other neurological sequelae. A prompt diagnosis and pancreatectomy of a sufficient extent at the first operation are essential. The CPR suppression test may be useful for a prompt diagnosis and selection of the extent of pancreatectomy.
Rapid decrease of urinary pyridinoline excretion in growth hormone deficient children following discontinuation of growth hormone therapy
Authors: KUNO TATEO , TASAKI HAKARU , MIYAZAKI SUMIO , HORIE HITOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn order to examine the effect of growth hormone on urinary pyridinoline excretion, 32 patients with complete or partial growth hormone deficiency had their urinary pyridinoline excretion measured while receiving growth hormone and for 14 days after it was discontinued. There was a significant positive correlation between increases in growth velocities during the first year of growth hormone administration compared to before it, and the ratio of the urinary pyridinoline excretion levels while receiving growth hormone to those after discontinuation. Therefore, urinary pyridinoline excretion rapidly decreased in patients with growth hormone deficiency when the administration of growth hormone was stopped. Exogenous growth hormone appears to stimulate bone resorption in these patients.