bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of human furuncular myiasis of Cordylobia anthropophaga (Grunberg) in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbalu Ogugua K. , Achufusi Ted George Ody , Orlu Eme E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo hundred people were randomly selected for myiasis infection in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, except in some states where we did not get the stipulated number (200) to sample. In each of the six states sampled within the Niger Delta in 2009, 88% of 200 patients examined in Rivers State had the Cordylobia infection followed by Cross Rivers State (> 86%), Bayelsa (> 84%) while Edo, Delta, and Akwa Ibom states showed higher than 82% infection in that order. Our findings showed that women, children, and infants are commonly affected by furuncular myiasis irrespective of skin color, age, blood group, race, sex, genotype, etc. Infection due to C. anthropophaga occurs throughout the year; the rate of infection is higher during the rainy season (when humidity is normally higher) than the dry seasons. Most cases of human myiasis are not reported but treated locally. The Niger Delta populace (especially the areas sampled) consists of people with diverse occupations; some are fishermen, traders, farmers, and refuse disposers. They move from one place to another predisposed to myiasis‐causing agents due to the types of work they do. Two major categories of people based on skin color (i.e., white and black skinned) are recognized for this research. People with albinism are also part of the colored African group, however, according to the data, there does not seem to be any difference between them and others. Cordylobia infection is a neglected disease of the Niger Delta region. Therefore, there was the need to know the spread and factors that promote spreading as well as populations of the myiasis‐causing agent in the Niger Delta. The data presented here provides good travel information to the Niger Delta region as well as other parts of Nigeria. Human furuncular myiasis affects neonates ranging from 3 to 11 days old, children, and adults in Nigeria. C. anthropophaga maggots penetrate all types of skin; people with albinism, white skin, and black skin. Some of the factors that affect the distribution include unhygienic situations, high humidity, poverty, and use of soiled clothes. Details of our findings are presented.
Molecular ABO phenotyping in cynomolgus macaques using real‐time quantitative PCR
Authors: Premasuthan A. , Ng J. , Kanthaswamy S. , Trask J. S. , Houghton P. , Farkas T. , Sestak K. , Smith D. G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMacaques are commonly used in biomedical research as animal models of human disease. The ABO phenotype of donors and recipients plays an important role in the success of transplantation and stem cell research of both human and macaque tissue. Traditional serological methods for ABO phenotyping can be time consuming, provide ambiguous results and/or require tissue that is unavailable or unsuitable. We developed a novel method to detect the A, B, and AB phenotypes of macaques using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This method enables the simple and rapid screening of these phenotypes in macaques without the need for fresh blood or saliva. This study reports the distribution of the A, B, and AB phenotypes of captive cynomolgus macaques that, while regionally variable, closely resembles that of rhesus macaques. Blood group B, as in rhesus macaques, predominates in cynomolgus macaques and its frequency distribution leads to a probability of major incompatibility of 41%. No silencing mutations have been identified in exon 6 or 7 in macaques that could be responsible for the O phenotype, that, although rare, have been reported. The excess homozygosity of rhesus and cynomolgus macaque genotypes in this study, that assumes the absence of the O allele, suggests the possibility of some mechanism preventing the expression of the A and B transferases.
Social support and social strain in inter‐episode bipolar disorder
Authors: Eidelman Polina , Gershon Anda , Kaplan Katherine , McGlinchey Eleanor , Harvey Allison G 
Published: August 2012

Eidelman P, Gershon A, Kaplan K, McGlinchey E, Harvey AG. Social support and social strain in inter‐episode bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 628–640. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  This study focused on social support and social strain and their cross‐sectional associations with instabilities in sleep and social rhythms in inter‐episode bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:  Thirty‐five adults diagnosed with inter‐episode BD type I and 38 healthy controls completed measures of perceived social support and social strain. Group differences in support and strain were examined. Within the BD group, instabilities in sleep and social rhythms were assessed with 28 days of daily diary and actigraphy. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine cross‐sectional and prospective associations between social support, social strain, instabilities in sleep and social rhythms, and mood symptoms.Results:  The BD group reported lower social support and higher social strain than the control group. Additionally, social strain was positively correlated with manic and depressive symptoms in the BD group. Furthermore, there was a cross‐sectional association between social support and more stable sleep on actigraphy in the BD group, although social support did not predict future sleep instability.Conclusions:  These results indicate that inter‐episode BD is associated with deficient social support and elevated social strain compared to controls, and that this may be due to persistent inter‐episode mood symptoms. Social strain may be particularly important given its association with manic and depressive symptoms. The results also raise the possibility that sleep instability is related to poor social support in BD.
Lanthanum salts improve bone formation in a small animal model of post‐menopausal osteoporosis
Authors: von Rosenberg S. J. , Wehr U. A. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryTwo different lanthanum salts, lanthanum carbonate (LaCO3) and Lancer®, a lanthanide citrate mixture, were tested for their effects on bone metabolism in a small animal model for post‐menopausal osteoporosis. Forty female outbred Wistar Han rats, sham‐operated (SHAM, positive control, n = 10) or ovariectomized (OVX, n = 30) at 4 months of age, were allotted into following groups (n = 10/group): (i) SHAM, (ii) OVX control (negative control), (iii) OVX + LaCO3 (1.74 g/kg feed) and (iv) OVX + Lancer® (8 g/kg feed). Effects on bone were investigated by bone markers [osteocalcin (Oc) in serum and excretion of pyridinoline (PYD) in urine] and by physical parameters of bone structure and bone composition (bone mass, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content in bone crude ash). Bone micro‐architecture and bone mineral density were evaluated by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and micro‐computed tomography (μCT). The animal model could be validated by differences between OVX control and SHAM. Body mass and feed intake were the same among the four groups. Oc was clearly increased in the two experimental groups (p < 0.001) vs. SHAM and OVX control. Bone mass and calcium content in bone ash were significantly higher than in OVX control. The Ca/P ratio in bone ash of the two lanthanide groups did not differ from SHAM. Bone‐protecting effects of lanthanides were clearly demonstrated by an increased trabecular density which is the region of interest for osteoporotic bone loss. A 3D imaging of bone micro‐architecture by μCT visualized descriptively the positive effects of lanthanides on bone formation. The results of this study demonstrate an improvement of bone formation and bone‐protecting effects of lanthanides in the OVX rat. Thus, lanthanum salts suggest a prevention of post‐menopausal bone loss and may be of benefit in experimental osteopenia following ovariectomy.
Simultaneous Detection of Four Banana Viruses by Multiplex PCR
Authors: Liu Fuxiu , Feng Lixia , Chen Xiu , Han Yuchun , Li Weidong , Xu Wei , Cai Bo , Lin Mingguang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBanana bunchy top virus (BBTV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) and Banana streak virus (BSV) are four viruses known to infect banana corp. On the basis of the establishment of the optimal PCR and reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR for the detection of a single virus, a quadruplex RT‐PCR method that employed virus‐specific primers was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of all the four viruses in banana. Several sets of primers for each target virus were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity by simplex and quadruplex RT‐PCR. The assay was then validated using banana samples infected with one or more viruses collected from fields and tissue‐culture banana industries in Hainan Island.
Brains and bravery: Little evidence of a relationship between brain size and flightiness in shorebirds
Authors: GUAY P.‐J. , WESTON M. A. , SYMONDS M. R. E. , GLOVER H. K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe ability of birds to perceive, assess and appropriately respond to the presence of relatively novel threats is important to their survival. We hypothesized that the cognitive capacity of birds will influence their ability for accurate response to novelty. We used brain volume as a surrogate for cognitive capacity and postulated that larger brained birds would moderate their responses when presented with a benign, frequently occurring stimulus, such as a person, because they would habituate more readily. We conducted phylogenetic generalized least square regression to investigate the relationship between brain volume and flight initiation distance (FID; the distance to which a bird can be approached before initiating escape behaviour), while controlling for confounding factors including body size (body mass and wing length) and migration status. We compared seven different models using combinations of these parameters using Akaike's information criterion to determine the best approximating model(s) explaining FID. The two best‐supported models included only wing length and only body mass with Akaike weights of 0.396 and 0.311 respectively. No model including brain volume had an Akaike weight greater than 0.083 and brain volume was poorly correlated with FID in models after controlling for body mass. Thus, brain volume does not appear to strongly relate to bravery among these shorebirds.
Ovarian pregnancy resulting from cryopreserved blastocyst transfer
Authors: Kashima Katsunori , Yahata Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Fujita Kazuyuki , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOvarian pregnancy very rarely occurs and its exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we report a case of ovarian pregnancy resulting from cryopreserved blastocyst transfer. The patient was a 34‐year‐old woman who had undergone bilateral ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis. Both fallopian tubes indicated normal findings on laparoscopic surgery, and we removed the gestational product of the right ovary. Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of right ovarian pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy is one of the major complications of in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer. Although ovarian pregnancy is an extremely rare occurrence, the possibility of developing this event after cryopreserved blastocyst transfer should be recognized.
Savior Siblings, Parenting and the Moral Valorization of Children
Authors: Strong Kimberly , Kerridge Ian , Little Miles 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPhilosophy has long been concerned with ‘moral status’. Discussions about the moral status of children, however, seem often to promote confusion rather than clarity. Using the creation of ‘savior siblings’ as an example, this paper provides a philosophical critique of the moral status of children and the moral relevance of parenting and the role that formative experience, regret and relational autonomy play in parental decisions. We suggest that parents make moral decisions that are guided by the moral significance they attach to children, to sick children and most importantly, to a specific sick child (theirs). This moral valorization is rarely made explicit and has generally been ignored by both philosophers and clinicians in previous critiques. Recognizing this, however, may transform not only the focus of bioethical discourse but also the policies and practices surrounding the care of children requiring bone marrow or cord blood transplantation by better understanding the values at stake behind parental decision making.
Presumptions in Legal Argumentation
Authors: MACAGNO FABRIZIO , WALTON DOUGLAS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper a theoretical definition that helps to explain how the logical structure of legal presumptions is constructed by applying the Carneades model of argumentation developed in artificial intelligence. Using this model, it is shown how presumptions work as devices used in evidentiary reasoning in law in the event of a lack of evidence to assist a chain of reasoning to move forward to prove or disprove a claim. It is shown how presumptions work as practical devices that may be useful in cases in which there is insufficient evidence to prove the claim to an appropriate standard of proof.
Social and Justified Legal Normativity: Unlocking the Mystery of the Relationship
Authors: RODRIGUEZ‐BLANCO VERONICA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCan Hart's non‐cognitivism be reconciled with his rejection of the predictive and sanction‐based explanations of law? This paper analyses Hart's notion of the internal point of view and focuses on the notion of acceptance of a rule along the lines of a non‐cognitivist understanding of intentional actions. It is argued that a non‐cognitivist analysis of acceptance of rules is incomplete and parasitic on a more basic or primary model of acceptance that does not involve mental states. This basic or primary model of acceptance explains actions in terms of other actions and in terms of reasons for actions that are both presented as good‐making characteristics and transparent to the agent. If Hart's internal point of view is able to work as the key argument to reject predictive and sanction‐based explanations of law, it needs to make the outward approach of intentional action basic or primary rather than rely on an inward approach such as the one advanced by non‐cognitivism.
Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia and the Emirates: Trafficking Victims?
Authors: Vlieger Antoinette 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper is a response to R. Jureidini's “Trafficking and contract migrant workers in the Middle East”, published in International Migration. Jureidini discusses the difficulty of establishing whether migrant domestic workers are victims of trafficking. He discusses the questions of (i) whether trafficking can be determined ex post or whether it must also be ex ante, and (ii) whether there must be a proven intent to engage in trafficking. On the basis of data concerning domestic workers in Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, I argue that they often are victims of trafficking. In these two countries, forced confinement and exploitation do not concern individual cases, but standard labour conditions. Agents in the countries of origin regularly misinform or even deceive domestic workers, while agents in the countries of destination actively stimulate confinement and exploitation. Furthermore, the lack of prosecution of traffickers is not caused by legal obscurities, but by societal issues. The paper concludes with some policy suggestions to better address the issue of trafficking.
Liberalism and nationalism in Russia. Boris Chicherin as a modernist nationalist
Authors: Rabow‐Edling Susanna 
Published: August 2012

Abstract This article investigates the link between nationalism and liberalism in Russia by looking at the way the leading spokesman of early Russian liberalism, Boris Chicherin, combined liberal ideas with notions of nation‐building and the idea of the nation as a modernising phenomenon. The article argues that the young Chicherin, at least in the formative years of the 1850s, had an instrumental approach to liberalism. Liberalism served a specific purpose – to integrate the people and shape a community of active citizens so that Russia could modernise. Chicherin was concerned with the formation of a modern nation‐state rather than the establishment of popular rule or political rights. In this sense, his thinking fits well into what, in the context of the Ottoman Empire, has been called modernist nationalism.
Factor structure of the Communicator Styles Measure (CSM) when used with undergraduate health science students
Authors: Brown Ted , Boyle Malcolm , Williams Brett , Molloy Andrew , McKenna Lisa , Palermo Claire , Molloy Liz 
Published: July 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 363–372Factor structure of the Communicator Styles Measure (CSM) when used with undergraduate health science studentsBackground: It is important for educators to consider the communication skills of students enrolled in health science programmes. To date, research into this area is limited, and having measures that are valid and reliable would assist educators and researchers to complete high‐quality investigations.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure of Communicator Styles Measure.Method: Data from the Communicator Styles Measure completed by 860 undergraduate health science students enrolled in eight different courses at an Australian university (response rate of 59%) were analysed using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and a cluster analysis using elementary linkage analysis. The Communicator Styles Measure is a self‐report scale consisting of 40 items designed to assess ten communication styles and one’s perception of his/her ability to communicate.Results: Communicator Styles Measure items loaded onto five new viable factors labelled personable, energetic, confident, open and confronting. Six items of the original 40 from the Communicator Styles Measure did not load onto any factor and were therefore considered redundant.Conclusion: The original factor structure proposed by the Communicator Styles Measure’s author was not supported, which calls into question its construct validity. However, the five new factors identified in this study may be useful for researchers and educators when assessing the communication skills of students and practitioners. Further investigation into the construct validity and reliability of the five new Communicator Styles Measure factors is recommended.
Parental interaction with infants treated with medical technology
Authors: Lantz Björn , Ottosson Cornelia 
Published: August 2012

Background:  It is well established that parents must interact with their new‐born babies to facilitate attachment. However, very little is known about how parents perceive different types of medical technology products commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as barriers to their wish to interact with their infants.Aim:  This study aims to examine to what extent the different medical technology products commonly used in the NICU are perceived by parents to be obstacles in their wish to interact with their babies.Design and methods:  In 2010, a cross‐sectional survey, using a questionnaire specifically developed for this study, was conducted among the parents of children who were discharged from any of the five NICUs of the Västra Götaland region in Sweden. A consecutive sample of 248 parents participated, and multiple regressions and t‐tests were used to analyse the data.Results:  The parents generally perceived the various medical technology products differently, according to the perceived level of obstruction. The variables of gender, age, educational level, origin, gestational age, previous experience of being a parent, and the offer of accommodation at the NICU were significantly associated with the perceived level of obstruction in the parents’ wish to interact with their baby while the baby was being treated with different medical technology products.Conclusion:  The primary implication for practice is that to facilitate attachment, nurses should involve different categories of parents in different ways in the care of their children, depending on the equipment being used in the treatment of the children. Thus, the individual care plan should explicitly include the details of the specific medical equipment, because although its use is medically beneficial for the child, it is associated with potential liabilities regarding parent–child interaction and, consequently, regarding parent–child attachment.
The psycho‐social dimension of pain and health‐related quality of life in the oldest old
Authors: Willman Anna , Petzäll Kerstin , Östberg Anna‐Lena , Hall‐Lord Marie Louise 
Published: August 2012

Background:  Chronic pain has an impact on the physical and social functioning of older people which in turn may worsen their health‐related quality of life. Research with focus on prolonged extensive pain in the most elderly and how pain may interfere with their life situation is scarce.Aims:  The aims were to describe and investigate pain from a multidimensional point of view (duration, location, psycho‐social) and health‐related quality of life as well as to compare sex and age groups in people aged 80 years and over.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 225 of 282 people responded to a questionnaire consisting of two instruments and background questions. The psycho‐social dimension of pain was measured using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory–Swedish language version (MPI‐S) with five scales: Pain Severity, Interference, Life Control, Affective Distress and Social Support. Health‐related quality of life was measured using the Short Form Health Survey‐12 (SF‐12).Results:  Median duration of pain was 9.0 years, and the mean number of pain locations was 2.04. The MPI‐S scale Interference with a negative orientation had the highest mean score, while the mean score for Social Support was the highest for the scales with a positive orientation. The duration of pain was significantly greater for women, and those aged 80–85 years had higher pain severity than those aged ≥86. Participants with a lower health‐related quality of life experienced significantly more severe pain, were more troubled with pain and had less control of their life.Conclusions:  Older people with prolonged pain suffered from a low health‐related quality of life. Pain interfered with their lives and contributed to diminished control in their daily lives. Nurses are essential for the identification and prevention of pain and should be aware of how pain affects older people’s physical, mental and social health.