bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution de la demande réelle et de la structure des encaisses monétaires durant l'hyperinflation libanaise (1986-1987)
Authors: Gemayel Joseph 
Published: July 2011

Evolución de la demanda real y de la estructura de los fondos líquidos monetarios durante la hiperinflación libanesa (1986-1987),
por Joseph Gemayel.

La demanda real de liquidez monetaria durante la hiperinflación libanesa se ha evaluado tomando como punto de partida el modelo de Cagan. Los resultados vienen a confirmar la validez del modelo en nuestro caso, que corresponde a aquel de una economía abierta de pequeñas dimensiones. La evolución de la estructura de los fondos líquidos disponibles muestra, por otra parte, una regresión de la moneda nacional en sus funciones, y fundamentalmente, aquella de réserva de valor.
Les modèles de cycle réel peuvent-ils expliquer les fluctuations de l'emploi et de la productivité ?
Authors: Fairise Xavier , Hénin Pierre-Yves , Langot François 
Published: July 2011

Les modèles de cycle réel peuvent-ils expliquer les fluctuations de l'emploi et de la productivité ?
par Xavier Fairise, Pierre- Yves Hénin, François Langot.

L'aptitude des modèles issus du courant des cycles réels à rendre compte des caractéristiques du marché du travail, et en particulier des fluctuations des heures travaillées et de la productivité, a tout de suite polarisé le débat. Cet article évalue ce point en enrichissant le modèle de base : avec l'hypothèse de travail indivisible, l'introduction d'un choc de demande ou la prise en compte d'un coût d'ajustement, on reproduit de façon relativement satisfaisante le cycle de productivité. Il demeure que l'analyse du chômage exige une remise en cause plus radicale du modèle des cycles réels.
La construction et l'estimation de petits modèles macro-économiques
Authors: Kloek Teun 
Published: July 2011

La construction et l'estimation de petits modèles macro-économiques,
par Teun Kloek.

Cet article discute certains développements récents de la construction et de l'estimation de petits modèles macro-économiques : simplification et transformation de modèles VAR en modèles économétriques, tests de l'invariance des paramètres d'équations structurelles et de la critique de Lucas, relations entre la théorie économique et les travaux empiriques, choix des spécifications testées. Ces approches sont importantes pour conférer aux modèles utilisés pour la prévision et les études de politique économique les meilleures caractéristiques de robustesse.
Fonctions d'importations et d'exportations : l'apport de la théorie économétrique récente
Authors: Capet Stéphane , Gudin de Vallerin Philippe 
Published: July 2011

Import- und Exportfunktionen: der Beitrag der jüngsten ökonometrischen Theorie,
von Stéphane Capet, Philippe Gudin de Vallerin.

In diesem Artikel werden Gleichungen des mengenmäßigen Imports und Exports gewerblicher Güter vorgeschlagen, die unter Berücksichtigung der jüngsten Entwicklungen der Ökonometrie hinsichthch der nicht-stationären Variablen aufgestellt worden sind. Unter Verwendung einer VAR-Darstellung, das heißt einer vektoriellen autoregressiven Darstellung, wird bei dieser Méthode von wirtschaftstheoretisch begründeten Apriori sowie von aufgezeigten Kausalitätsbeziehungen ausgegangen. Spannungseffekte auf das Angebot sind mit einbezogen worden. Die erhaltenen Gleichungen weisen zwar eine bessere Prognosegüte als das Metric-Modell auf; aufgrund der höheren Genauigkeit sind die Varianzeigenschaf ten jedoch weniger regelmäßig.
La disparition de l'excédent courant allemand : une analyse économétrique
Authors: Dubois Eric 
Published: July 2011

Das Verschwinden des deutschen Leistungsbilanzüberschusses: eine ökonometrische Analyse,
von Eric Dubois.

Der Überschuß in der deutschen Leistungsbilanz, der Ende der 80er Jahre beträchtlich war, hat sich innerhalb von nur zwei Jahren in ein Defizit verwandelt. Der ökonometrischen Analyse zufolge, die in diesem Artikel unter Einbeziehung der jüngsten Entwicklungen der Theorie der Kointegration vorgenommen wird, kann das Auftreten dieses Defizits großenteils auf die herkömmlichen Determinanten zurückgeführt werden, das heißt auf den konjunkturellen "Lag" und den Wettbewerbsverlust, der im Falle Deutschlands durch die Vereinigung bedingt ist; indem jedoch die deutschen Exporteure dem in den neuen Bundesländern entstehenden Markt den Vorrang einräumten, haben sie anscheinend einen Teil ihrer traditionellen Märkte im Ausland geopfert.
Effort et contrats : quelques enseignements concernant le marché du travail
Authors: Zylberberg André 
Published: July 2011

Esfuerzo y contratos : algunas lecciones relativas al mercado del trabajo,
por André Zylberberg.

Cuando algunas variables no pueden ser verificadas por un tribunal, los contratos deben ser implícitos y auto-ejecutorios. En este artículo se analiza mediante un modelo simple, la manera en que este tipo de contratos permite entender mejor el que surjan ciertas características ligadas al funcionamiento del mercado del trabajo y que no parecen poder ser explicadas a priori gracias a un modelo puramente competitive Entre éstas se examinará más particularmente la forma óptima del contrato de salario, el perfil de las retribuciones en el ciclo de vida, la existencia de los mercados internos y los sistemas de promoción.
Créations et suppressions d'emploi en France
Authors: Lagarde Sylvie , Maurin Eric , Torelli Constance 
Published: July 2011

Job Creations and Destructions in France A Survey of the period from 1984 to 1992,
by Sylvie Lagarde, Éric Maurin and Constance Torelli.

Job flows have certain characteristics in common in France and the United States. They tend to increase when the economy slows down and, more importantly, they reflect the diversity of individual dynamics within the different activity sectors. Job reallocation between sectors plays a secondary role. Although sound at an international level, previous results merely concern the reallocation of jobs between production units. Yet, every year, large numbers of job reallocations are made actually within the production units : the vast majority of the units create and axe jobs simultaneously. These internal reorganizations result in job flows as high as those normally observed between establishments. Moreover, they tend to escalate when the economy is favourable. This result challenges the hypothesis whereby recessions play a dominant role in the process of reallocating activities and resources.
Fermetures d'usines et durées du chômage : signaux et comportements de recherche d'emploi au Canada
Authors: Gray David M. , Grenier Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Werksschließung und Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer: Signale und Verhaltensweisen bei der Arbeitssuche in Kanada,
von David M. Gray, Pierre Grenier.

Der Fachliteratur zufolge ist die Dauer der Beschäftigungslosigkeit von Arbeitnehmern, die nach dem Verlust ihrer Stelle infolge einer Werksschließung einen Ortswechsel vorgenommen haben, kürzer als bei denen, die aufgrund von Entlassungen arbeitslos geworden sind, von denen nur ein Teil der Arbeitnehmer eines Werkes betroffen ist. Dieser Effekt käme über die "recall anticipations" und die Intensität der Arbeitssuche durch den Arbeitnehmer zum Tragen. Dagegen behauptet eine andere Interpretation jüngeren Datums, daß die beobachtete Korrelation eine Signalwirkung aufnimmt; und zwar würde eine negative Information über die nicht beobachtete Produktivität eines Arbeitnehmers ausgesandt, wenn dieser entlassen wird. Wir überprüfen die Stichhaltigkeit dieser beiden Hypothesen, indem wir die kanadische Erhebung bei den umgezogenen Arbeitnehmern auswerten, die Angaben enthält, mit denen sich diese beiden Effekte bewerten lassen. Die Ergebnisse legen die Vermutung nahe, daß in Kanada der Effekt der "recall anticipations" über die Signalwirkung dominiert.
Transferts fiscaux, répartition du revenu et équilibre des emplois de service
Authors: Blanchet Didier 
Published: July 2011

Transferts fiscaux, répartition du revenu et équilibre des emplois de service,
par Didier Blanchet.

Cet article propose un modèle décrivant l'équilibre des emplois de proximité et son articulation avec le système de transferts. Un modèle micro-économique désagrégé décrit l'interaction entre l'offre et la demande de ces services : modèle d'allocation sectorielle côté offre, expliquée par les différences de productivité individuelle dans le secteur principal, arbitrage travail domestique/travail marchand du côté demande. L'article présente l'architecture d'un tel modèle et quelques résultats analytiques simples.
La mesure du soutien publique à la production dans l'agriculture communautaire
Authors: Bureau Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2011

Die Messung der öffentlichen Produktionsstützung in der gemeinschaftlichen Landwirtschaft,
von Jean-Christophe Bureau.

Um die Auswirkung der öffentlichen Produktionsstützung ermitteln zu können, werden aggregierte Messungen der tatsächlichen Stützung erstellt. Die gewöhnlich benutzten tatsächlichen Schutzraten werden so geändert, daß die gesamte öffentliche Intervention, die das Erzeugerangebot ändert, einbezogen werden kann. Die Stützungssätze werden als superlative Indizes erstellt. Die ökonometrische Schätzung der aggregierenden Preisfunktionen beruht auf der Spezifizierung einer zusammenhängenden Struktur und einer Optimierung in zwei Etappen. Für die Preisfunktionen wird eine genormte flexible Quadratformel verwandt. Es wird die Auswirkung der öffentlichen Intervention im Agrarsektor von 10 europäischen Ländern zwischen 1973 und 1989 analysiert. Die superlativen Indizes werden mit Messungen des Typs Laspeyres verglichen, die die Möglichkeit der Gütersubstitution nicht berücksichtigen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, daß die aggregierten Stützungsmessungen, die bei den internationalen Verhandlungen herangezogen werden, nicht unerhebliche Verzerrungen aufweisen.
Réforme de la Pac, accords au Gatt : quelles incidences sur les transferts financiers entre les Douze
Authors: Fouilleux Ève 
Published: July 2011

The CAP Reform and the Gatt Agreements: Effects on Financial Transfers Between the Twelve,
by Eve Fouilleux.

The Common Agricultural Policy reform and the Gatt agricultural agreements have altered the way the financial advantages of belonging to the common agricultural market are distributed among the Twelve. The Directorate for Forecasting's Erpac model is used to evaluate this distribution by studying the CAP's redistributive effects before the reform and analyzing their potential development based on simulations up to 1996 (post reform) and 1999 (on the hypothesis that the new CAP will be brought into Une with the Gatt requirements). In spite of extensive changes to the type of transfers from which it benefits, France emerges as one of the countries that gains the most from these revisions.
Le marché des quotas laitiers au Canada : une expérience originale
Authors: Goudounèche Catherine 
Published: July 2011

The Canadian Milk Quota Market: An Original Experiment,
by Catherine Goudounèche.

In 1970, Canada adopted quotas for manufacturing milk. Since then, each province has tried out different systems for the trading of these quotas between producers. These successive trials have resulted in the setting up of a single centralized market, which operates for quotas unconnected with the farm's assets and enjoys market conditions approaching perfect competition. This development has been accompanied by a rise in the price of quotas and the free market for quotas has acted as a restructuring tool for the Canadian milk sector by speeding up the concentration of holdings. An additional regulation has protected the production of certain fragile areas.
Serum metabolomics as a novel diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Ikeda Atsuki , Nishiumi Shin , Shinohara Masakazu , Yoshie Tomoo , Hatano Naoya , Okuno Tatsuya , Bamba Takeshi , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Takenawa Tadaomi , Azuma Takeshi , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTConventional tumor markers are unsuitable for detecting carcinoma at an early stage and lack clinical efficacy and utility. In this study, we attempted to investigate the differences in serum metabolite profiles of gastrointestinal cancers and healthy volunteers using a metabolomic approach and searched for sensitive and specific metabolomic biomarker candidates. Human serum samples were obtained esophageal (n = 15), gastric (n = 11), and colorectal (n = 12) cancer patients and healthy volunteers (n = 12). A model for evaluating metabolomic biomarker candidates was constructed using multiple classification analysis, and the results were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves. Among the 58 metabolites, the levels of nine, five and 12 metabolites were significantly changed in the esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer patients, respectively, compared with the healthy volunteers. Multiple classification analysis revealed that the variations in the levels of malonic acid and l‐serine largely contributed to the separation of esophageal cancer; gastric cancer was characterized by changes in the levels of 3‐hydroxypropionic acid and pyruvic acid; and l‐alanine, glucuronoic lactone and l‐glutamine contributed to the separation of colorectal cancer. Our approach revealed that some metabolites are more sensitive for detecting gastrointestinal cancer than conventional biomarkers. Our study supports the potential of metabolomics as an early diagnostic tool for cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A taxonomy and evaluation for developing 802.11‐based wireless mesh network testbeds
Authors: Uludag Suleyman , Imboden Tom , Akkaya Kemal 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe definition of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) has been used in the literature to connote and epitomize the ideal, ubiquitous, pervasive, and autonomic networking technology. An increasing interest has been emerging on the development of 802.11‐based WMN testbeds to test the new ideas and approaches more realistically as opposed to relying solely on simulations. Although the developed testbeds have provided several insights to researchers for furthering the technology, there are still several issues that need to be addressed, particularly, with the approval of new standards, such as IEEE 802.11s, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.16, and upcoming protocols, such as IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11ah, and 802.11af TV White Space efforts. In this paper, our goal is to provide a taxonomy and insightful guidelines for the creation of 802.11‐based WMN testbeds as well as to identify several features that future WMN testbeds should possess. Utilizing these features, we evaluate the existing WMN testbeds. Finally, in addition to the existing WMN testbed experiments conducted at several layers of the protocol stack, we provide a list of open future research issues that can benefit from experiments on WMN testbeds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impairment of one‐trial passive avoidance learning in chicks caused by prenatal aluminum exposure
Authors: Xing Rui , Zhong Zhaomin , Ma Hongbing , Cui Yonghua , Zheng Yanwen , Xu Shiqing , Che Yi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPrenatal aluminum exposure may affect the development of the embryo and alter the capacity for learning and memory in adults. The chick embryo is a good experimental model to study the effect of prenatal toxin exposure on cognitive defects in offspring, because it eliminates maternal confounding variables. In the present study, we applied a one‐trial passive avoidance‐learning task in day‐old chicks to examine the effects of prenatal aluminum chloride injections (2, 20, and 200 mM in 200 µl per egg, daily over a period of 4 successive days) on memory consolidation. The data suggest that chicks injected with aluminum chloride (20 mM) daily from E12 to E15 had significantly impaired short‐term memory, intermediate‐term memory, and long‐term memory (LTM) after training (p < .05) but chicks injected with aluminum chloride (2 mM) had impaired LTM only. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:133‐138, 2012.
Improving recognition of late life anxiety disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: observations and recommendations of the Advisory Committee to the Lifespan Disorders Work Group
Authors: Mohlman Jan , Bryant Christina , Lenze Eric J. , Stanley Melinda A. , Gum Amber , Flint Alastair , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Thorp Steven R. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecognition of the significance of anxiety disorders in older adults is growing. The revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides a timely opportunity to consider potential improvements to diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with older people. The authors of this paper comprise the Advisory Committee to the DSM5 Lifespan Disorders Work Group, the purpose of which was to generate informative responses from individuals with clinical and research expertise in the field of late‐life anxiety disorders.MethodsThis paper reviews the unique features of anxiety in later life and synthesizes the work of the Advisory Committee.ResultsSuggestions are offered for refining our understanding of the effects of aging on anxiety and other disorders (e.g., mood disorders) and changes to the DSM5 criteria and text that could facilitate more accurate recognition and diagnosis of anxiety disorders in older adults. Several of the recommendations are not limited to the study of anxiety but rather are applicable across the broader field of geriatric mental health.ConclusionsDSM5 should provide guidelines for the thorough assessment of avoidance, excessiveness, and comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, medical illness, cognitive impairment) in anxious older adults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis of colorectal hepatic metastases: Comparison of contrast‐enhanced CT, contrast‐enhanced US, superparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced MRI, and gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Muhi Ali , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Motosugi Utaroh , Sou Hironobu , Nakajima Hiroto , Sano Katsuhiro , Sano Mika , Kato Satoshi , Kitamura Takatoshi , Fatima Zareen , Fukushima Kimiyo , Iino Hiroshi , Mori Yoshiyuki , Fujii Hideki , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT), contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CE‐US), superparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (SPIO‐MRI), and gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (Gd‐EOB‐MRI) in the evaluation of colorectal hepatic metastases.Materials and Methods:In all, 111 patients with colorectal cancers were enrolled in this study. Of the 112 metastases identified in 46 patients, 31 in 18 patients were confirmed histologically and the remaining 81 in 28 patients were confirmed by follow‐up imaging. CE‐CT, CE‐US, SPIO‐MRI, and Gd‐EOB‐MRI were evaluated. Mean (of three readers, except for CE‐US) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az), sensitivities, and positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated. Each value was compared to the others by variance z‐test or chi‐square test with Bonferroni correction.Results:For all lesions, mean Az and sensitivity of Gd‐EOB‐MRI (0.992, 95% [56/59]) were significantly greater than those of CE‐CT (0.847, 63% [71/112]) and CE‐US (0.844, 73% [77/106]). For lesions ≤1 cm, mean Az and sensitivity of Gd‐EOB‐MRI (0.999, 92% [22/24]) were significantly greater than those of CE‐CT (0.685, 26% [13/50]) and CE‐US (0.7, 41% [18/44]). Mean Az (95% CI) of SPIO‐MRI for all lesions (0.966 [0.929–0.987]) and lesions ≤ 1 cm (0.961 [0.911–0.988]) were significantly greater than those of CE‐CT and CE‐US. Mean sensitivity of SPIO‐MRI for lesions ≤1 cm (63%, 26/41) was significantly greater than that of CE‐CT.Conclusion:Gd‐EOB‐MRI and SPIO‐MRI were more accurate than CE‐CT and CE‐US for evaluation of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of interleukin‐8 gene polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility and pathological development
Authors: Chien Ming‐Hsien , Yeh Chao‐Bin , Li Yi‐Ching , Wei Lin‐Hung , Chang Jer‐Hwa , Peng Yu‐Ting , Yang Shun‐Fa , Kuo Wu‐Hsien 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide, and the second leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is an angiogenic chemokine with important roles in the development and progression of many human malignancies including HCC. This study investigates the effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL‐8 gene on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐one HCC patients and 340 control subjects were analyzed for four IL‐8 SNPs (−251 T/A, +781 C/T, +1633 C/T, and +2767 A/T) using PCR‐RFLP genotyping analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for other confounders, results show that individuals with the IL‐8 +781 T/T polymorphic genotype had a significantly lower risk of developing HCC than those with the wild‐type (C/C) genotype (AOR = 0.346; 95% CI: 0.132–0.909). Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of T/A or A/A at IL‐8 −251 may indicate higher potential risk of hepatitis B infection (AOR = 2.847; 95% CI: 1.083–8.656). Additionally, these four IL‐8 SNPs did not associate with liver‐related clinicopathological markers in serum.ConclusionsGenetic polymorphism at IL‐8 +781 is an important factor in determining susceptibility to HCC in the Taiwanese population. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:798–803. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel bioabsorbable drug‐eluting tracheal stent
Authors: Zhu G. H. , Ng Anthony H. C. , Venkatraman Subbu S. , Boey Freddy Y. C. , Wee Amilia L. Y. , Trasti Scott L. , Yee Lim Lynne Hsueh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Currently available silicone and metallic stents for tracheal stenosis are associated with problems of granulations, mucus trapping, and difficult removals. Our aim was to develop a novel bioabsorbable tracheal stent with mitomycin C (MMC) drug elution to circumvent such problems.Study Design:A randomized animal study.Methods:Twenty‐five rabbits were randomly assigned into five test groups: 1) controls (without stent), 2) silicone tubular stents (commercially available currently); 3) bioabsorbable helical stents; 4) bioabsorbable tubular stents; and 5) bioabsorbable tubular stents with MMC. Weekly tracheal endoscopy to document granulation, mucus plugging, and extent of tracheal stenosis was performed for 12 weeks. One rabbit was euthanized every 3 weeks for histological analysis of the trachea. In vitro MMC‐release profiles in conditions mimicking tracheal conditions were studied.Results:The bioabsorbable tubular stents with 0.1 mg MMC drug elution performed the best, with the least mucus trapping and airway obstruction due to tracheal stenosis. Tracheal stenosis was most significant for the bioabsorbable helical stents, followed by the control group without stent, the group of bioabsorbable tubular stents, and then the silicone stents. After 12 weeks, tracheal stenosis for the bioabsorbable tubular stents with MMC was only half that of the silicone stents.Conclusions:This study reports on the development of a novel bioabsorbable tracheal stent with sustained MMC drug elution for preventing tracheal stenosis. Further studies are warranted to optimize stent design and drug dosage.