bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking self and ingroup: Self‐anchoring as distinctive cognitive route to social identification
Authors: van Veelen Ruth , Otten Sabine , Hansen Nina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe present paper investigates how cognitive projection processes instigate social identification. We complement the classical self‐stereotyping approach (i.e., conforming to prototypical group norms) by investigating self‐anchoring (i.e., projection from self to group) as a distinct cognitive route to social identification. Self‐anchoring has mainly been investigated as predictor of intergroup differentiation. Surprisingly, no reliable link has been provided yet between self‐anchoring and social identification. In Study 1, we provide first evidence for this positive link. In Study 2, we add self‐stereotyping to our model and show that self‐anchoring is still positively related to social identification when controlling for self‐stereotyping. Additionally, we show that self‐anchoring is positively related to affective components of identification, while self‐stereotyping is positively related to cognitive components. Moreover, we examined the impact of self‐concept stability on self‐anchoring. Self‐concept stability was positively related to self‐anchoring, and hence to social identification (Study 1), independently from self‐stereotyping (Study 2). In the discussion, we argue that disentangling self‐anchoring from self‐stereotyping is important as it increases our insight in how people identify, and how this may vary depending on self‐concept and group context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retention behavior and selectivity of a latex nanoparticle pseudostationary phase for electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Palmer Christopher P. , Keeffer Allison , Hilder Emily F. , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe retention characteristics and separation selectivity of a novel latex nanoparticle (NP) pseudostationary phase (PSP) for electrokinetic chromatography have been characterized. The anionic NPs have very low or no affinity for cationic solutes, but show significant interactions and retention based on hydrophobic interactions. Retention factors of alkyl‐phenyl ketones increase linearly with the concentration of the NPs and have zero or near zero y‐intercepts as expected for electrokinetic chromatography with non‐micellar PSPs. The retention factors of these solutes and representative pharmaceuticals decrease logarithmically with increases in the concentration of ACN in the background electrolyte, as expected for reversed‐phase retention. Linear solvation energy relationship analysis indicates that the NPs are less cohesive than would be expected for polymeric PSPs with similar structure but that the overall separation selectivity can be expected to be similar to polymer PSPs with similar backbone chemistry. The results indicate that the hydrophobic core of the NPs is non‐cohesive and is highly accessible to solutes, whereas the ionic head groups are not as accessible and do not contribute substantially to retention or selectivity.
Ecosystem valuation: some principles and a partial application
Authors: Morse‐Jones Sian , Luisetti Tiziana , Turner R. Kerry , Fisher Brendan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the economic value of nature and the services it provides to humanity has become increasingly important for local, national and global policy, and decision‐making. However, problems arise in that it is difficult to obtain meaningful values for goods and services that ecosystems provide which have no formal market, or are characteristically intangible. Additional problems occur when economic methods are applied inappropriately and when the importance of ecosystem maintenance for human welfare is underestimated. In this article, we provide clarification to practitioners on important considerations in ecosystem services valuation. We first review and adapt definitions of ecosystem services in order to make an operational link to valuation methods. We make a distinction between intermediate and final ecosystem services and also identify non‐monetary ways to incorporate regulatory and support services into decision‐making. We then discuss the spatially explicit nature of ecosystem service provision and benefits capture, and highlight the issues surrounding the valuing of marginal changes, nonlinearities in service benefits, and the significance of non‐convexities (threshold effects). Finally, we argue for a sequential decision support system that can lead to a more integrated and rigorous approach to ecosystem valuation and illustrate some of its features in a coastal ecosystem management context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bivariate compound Poisson model for the occurrence of foreshock and aftershock sequences in Turkey
Authors: Özel Gamze 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a bivariate compound Poisson model is proposed and the probabilistic characteristics of this model, such as the joint probability function, covariance, and correlation coefficient are derived. Then, an algorithm is prepared in Oracle database to obtain the probabilities quickly. As an application, mainshocks with surface wave magnitudes, that occurred in Turkey between 1900 and 2009, their foreshock and aftershock sequences in the coordinates (39–42°N) and (26–45°E) are studied. The joint probability function, covariance, and correlation coefficient of total numbers of foreshock and aftershock sequences are obtained from the bivariate compound Poisson process using this data set. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A locally conservative, discontinuous least‐squares finite element method for the Stokes equations
Authors: Bochev Pavel , Lai James , Olson Luke 
Published: February 2011

AbstractConventional least‐squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) for incompressible flows conserve mass only approximately. For some problems, mass loss levels are large and result in unphysical solutions. In this paper we formulate a new, locally conservative LSFEM for the Stokes equations wherein a discrete velocity field is computed that is point‐wise divergence free on each element. The central idea is to allow discontinuous velocity approximations and then to define the velocity field on each element using a local stream‐function. The effect of the new LSFEM approach on improved local and global mass conservation is compared with a conventional LSFEM for the Stokes equations employing standard C0 Lagrangian elements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Mass Transport in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: St‐Pierre J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn oxygen transport model derived for limiting current density operation was employed to explore its use for hydrogen transport. Limiting current data obtained from a variety of fuel cell designs (alkaline, proton exchange membrane, sulphuric acid) demonstrated the model's validity and allowed determination of the hydrogen mass transport coefficient, a key cell performance parameter. Under specific operating conditions, the proposed model is consistent with the continuous stirred tank reactor and the logarithmic mean concentration difference models. The proposed model is preferable because it is more general and derived from a specific physical mechanism. Experimental precautions needed to ensure well‐defined limiting currents without the presence of artefacts were reemphasized and expanded. Model use for predictive purposes is also briefly discussed.
LOHAS: loss‐of‐heterozygosity analysis suite
Authors: Yang Hsin‐Chou , Chang Lun‐Ching , Huggins Richard M. , Chen Chun‐Houh , Mullighan Charles G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDetection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) plays an important role in genetic, genomic and cancer research. We develop computational methods to estimate the proportion of homozygous SNP calls, identify samples with structural alterations and/or unusual genotypic patterns, cluster samples with close LOH structures and map the genomic segments bearing LOH by analyzing data of genome‐wide SNP arrays or customized SNP arrays. In addition to cancer genetics/genomics, we also apply the methods to study long contiguous stretches of homozygosity (LCSH) in general populations. The LCSH analysis aids in the identification of samples with complex LCSH patterns indicative of nonrandom mating and/or meiotic recombination cold spots, separation of samples with different genetic backgrounds and sex, and mapping of regions of LCSH. Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K Set SNP data from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia study containing 304 cancer patients and 50 normal controls and from the HapMap Project containing 30 African trios, 30 Caucasian trios and 90 independent Asian samples were analyzed. We identified common gene regions of LOH, e.g., ETV6 and CDKN1B, and identified frequent regions of LCSH, e.g., the region that encompasses the centromeric gene desert region of chromosome 16. Unsupervised analysis separated cancer subtypes and ethnic subpopulations by patterns of LOH/LCSH. Simulation studies considering LOH width, effect size and heterozygous interference fraction were performed, and the results show that the proposed LOH association test has good test power and controls type 1 error well. The developed algorithms are packaged into LOHAS written in R and R GUI. Genet. Epidemiol. 35: 247‐260, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effectiveness of behavioural therapy for the treatment of depression in older adults: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Samad Zara , Brealey Stephen , Gilbody Simon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness of behavioural therapy in depressed older adults.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to July 2009. Reference lists of systematic reviews and identified studies from the search strategy were also screened. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural therapy compared with waiting list controls or other psychotherapies in older adults (aged ≥55 years) with clinical depression were included. One author independently identified studies for inclusion. Two authors extracted data and assessed the included studies for risk of bias. Estimates of depression were combined using a random effects model and the I2 statistic to examine heterogeneity.ResultsFour RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. For post‐treatment self‐rated depression symptoms, behavioural therapy was not significantly more effective than a waiting list control [standardised mean difference (SMD) of −0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.35 to 0.30, p = 0.21, n = 117], cognitive therapy (SMD of 0.23, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.70, p = 0.33, n = 134) or brief psychodynamic therapy (SMD of −0.37, 95% CI −0.84 to 0.11, p = 0.13, n = 69). For post‐treatment clinician‐rated depression, behavioural therapy was not significantly more effective than cognitive therapy or brief psychodynamic therapy but was significantly more effective than a waiting list control (weighted mean difference (WMD) of −5.68, 95% CI −7.71 to −3.66, p < 0.001, n = 117).ConclusionsBehavioural therapy in depressed older adults appears to have comparable effectiveness with alternative psychotherapies. Further research is recommended with the need for larger sample sizes, more clarity on trial design and the intervention, longer term follow‐up and concomitant economic evaluations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic accuracy of clathrin heavy chain staining in a marker panel for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Di Tommaso Luca , Destro Annarita , Fabbris Valentina , Spagnuolo Gaia , Laura Fracanzani Anna , Fargion Silvia , Maggioni Marco , Patriarca Carlo , Maria Macchi Roberto , Quagliuolo Michela , Borzio Mauro , Iavarone Massimo , Sangiovanni Angelo , Colombo Massimo , Roncalli Massimo 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines recommend the use of all available markers for improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine whether clathrin heavy chain (CHC), a novel HCC marker, is effective in combination with glypican 3 (GPC3), heat shock protein 70, and glutamine synthetase, we compared the performances of a three-marker panel (without CHC) and a four-marker panel (with CHC) in a series of small HCCs (≤2 cm) and nonsmall HCCs by core biopsy with a 20- to 21-gauge needle. The series included 39 nonsmall HCCs and 47 small HCCs (86 in all); the latter showed a well-differentiated histology [small grade 1 (G1)] in 30 cases (63.8%). The panel specificity was analyzed with the adjacent/extranodular cirrhotic liver (n = 30) and low-grade (n = 15) and high-grade dysplastic nodules (n = 16) as a control group. Absolute specificity (100%) for HCC was obtained only when at least two of the markers were positive (which two markers were positive did not matter). The addition of CHC to the panel increased the diagnostic accuracy for small HCCs (from 76.9% to 84.3%), and there was an important gain in sensitivity (from 46.8% to 63.8%). The four-marker panel had lower rates of accuracy (67.4%) and sensitivity (50%) for small G1 HCCs versus nonsmall G1 HCCs (93.9% and 88.2%, respectively). In seven cases (including six small G1 HCCs), there was no staining with any of the markers. Cirrhotic control livers were stained for CHC in four cases (13.3%) and for GPC3 in one case (3.3%).

Conclusion:

The addition of CHC to the panel supports the diagnosis of small HCCs in challenging nodules on thin core biopsy samples. Small G1 HCCs include a group of earlier tumors characterized by a more silent phenotype and the progressive acquisition of the markers under study. The search for additional markers for early HCC diagnosis is warranted. (Hepatology 2011;)
Elevated Dickkopf-2 levels contribute to the abnormal phenotype of human osteoarthritic osteoblasts
Authors: Chan Thomas F. , Couchourel Denis , Abed Élie , Delalandre Aline , Duval Nicolas , Lajeunesse Daniel 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for osteogenesis and regulates terminal osteoblast differentiation. Although osteoarthritic (OA) osteoblasts show an abnormal phenotype and poor in vitro mineralization, the mechanism leading to this situation still remains unknow. Recent evidence indicates that Wnt signaling may be altered in OA osteoblasts. In this study we determined whether an alteration of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is responsible for the abnormal phenotype of OA osteoblasts. Expression of the Wnt signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) was similar in normal and OA osteoblasts, whereas DKK2 expression was higher in OA osteoblasts than in normal osteoblasts. OA osteoblasts showed a decrease of Wnt3a-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling, measured by the TOPflash reporter assay and by Western blot analysis, compared with normal osteoblasts. Correcting DKK2 levels in OA osteoblasts by siRNA techniques enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Elevated DKK2 levels could be explained by elevated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in OA osteoblasts, and exogenous TGF-β1 increased DKK2 expression in normal osteoblasts, whereas ablating TGF-β1 expression in OA osteoblasts reduced DKK2 expression. Inhibiting TGF-β1 or DKK2 expression corrected the abnormal phenotype of OA osteoblasts. In vitro mineralization of OA osteoblasts also was increased by DKK2 siRNA. We conclude that elevated TGF-β1 levels in OA osteoblasts can stimulate DKK2 expression, which, in turn, is responsible, at least in part, for their abnormal phenotype. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
IGF-1R signaling in chondrocytes modulates growth plate development by interacting with the PTHrP/Ihh pathway
Authors: Wang Yongmei , Cheng Zhiqiang , ElAlieh Hashem Z , Nakamura Eiichiro , Nguyen Minh-Thanh , Mackem Susan , Clemens Thomas L , Bikle Daniel D , Chang Wenhan 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Systemic derangements and perinatal death of generalized insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) knockout mice preclude definitive assessment of IGF-1R actions in growth-plate (GP) chondrocytes. We generated cartilage-specific Igf1r knockout (CartIgf1r−/−) mice to investigate local control of chondrocyte differentiation in the GP by this receptor. These mice died shortly after birth and showed disorganized chondrocyte columns, delayed ossification and vascular invasion, decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and increased expression of parathyroid hormone–related protein (Pthrp) RNA and protein in their GPs. The increased Pthrp expression in the knockout GPs likely was due to an increase in gene transcription, as determined by the increased activity of a LacZ reporter that was inserted downstream of the endogenous PTHrP promoter and bred into the knockout mice. To circumvent the early death of CartIgf1r−/− mice and investigate the role of IGF-1R during postnatal growth, we made tamoxifen (Tam)–inducible, cartilage-specific Igf1r knockout (TamCartIgf1r−/−) mice. At 2 weeks of age and 7 to 8 days after Tam injection, the TamCartIgf1r−/− mice showed growth retardation with a disorganized GP, reduced chondrocyte proliferation, decreased type 2 collagen and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) expression, but increased expression of PTHrP. Consistent with in vivo observations, in vitro knockout of the Igf1r gene by adenoviral expression of Cre recombinase suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and increased Pthrp expression. Our data indicate that the IGF-1R in chondrocytes controls cell growth, survival, and differentiation in embryonic and postnatal GPs in part by suppression of Pthrp expression. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Trabecular bone of growth plate origin influences both trabecular and cortical morphology in adulthood
Authors: Wang Qingju , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Wang Xiao-Fang , Iuliano-Burns Sandra , Seeman Ego 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Skeletal fragility is common at metaphyseal regions of long bones. The cortices of this region are derived by coalescence of trabeculae around the periphery of the growth plate, not by periosteal apposition, as occurs in the diaphyses. We therefore hypothesized that trabecular bone in childhood predicted both cortical and trabecular morphology in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we measured distal radial and tibial structure using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in 61 daughter-mother pairs, mean age 12.5 years (range 7 to 19 years) and 44.1 years (range 32 to 50 years), respectively. The daughters' trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), thickness, number, and separation predicted the corresponding traits in their mothers. Their trabecular BV/TV also predicted their mothers' cortical thickness (r = 0.32, p = .02). By contrast, the daughters' cortical thickness did not predict their mothers' cortical thickness. The daughters had higher trabecular BV/TV than their mothers (mean ± SD, radius 0.134 ± 0.024 versus 0.124 ± 0.033, p = .03; tibia 0.145 ± 0.021 versus 0.135 ± 0.032, p &lt; .01) owing to greater trabecular number, not thickness, and less trabecular separation. Abnormalities in the development of metaphyseal trabecular bone are likely to influence fragility in both trabecular and cortical bone of this region in adulthood. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Leukocyte‐mediated cell dissemination and metastasis: Findings from multiple types of human tumors
Authors: Man Yan‐gao , Mason Jeffrey , Harley Russell , Kim Yeon Ho , Zhu Kangmin , Gardner William A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOur previous studies revealed that leukocyte infiltration could trigger human breast and prostate tumor invasion through focal disruptions of the tumor capsule, which selectively favors monoclonal proliferation of tumor progenitors or a biologically more aggressive cell clone overlying the focal disruptions. Our current study, involving multiple types of human tumors, further shows that leukocyte infiltration could also trigger tumor metastasis through the following pathways: [1] more leukocytes migrate to focally disrupted tumor capsules, which forms leukocyte aggregates surrounding newly formed tumor cell clusters, [2] the physical movement of leukocytes into proliferating tumor cells disrupts the intercellular junctions and cell‐surface adhesion molecules, causing the disassociation of tumor cells from the tumor core, [3] leukocytes are conjoined with some of these tumor cells through plasma membrane fusion, creating tumor cell–leukocyte chimeras (TLCs), and [4] the leukocyte of TLCs impart migratory capacity to associated tumor cell partners, physically dragging them to different tissue sites. Our findings suggest a novel pathway for tumor cell dissemination from the primary sites and the subsequent journey to new sites. Our findings also provide a unique explanation for the cellular mechanism of leukocytes on tumor invasion and metastasis. If confirmed, our hypothesis and technical approach may significantly facilitate early detection and intervention of tumor invasion and metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1154–1167, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA identity and abundance in developing swine adipose tissue as determined by solexa sequencing
Authors: Li Guoxi , Li Yanjie , Li Xinjian , Ning Xiaomin , Li Meihang , Yang Gongshe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ∼22‐nt regulatory RNAs that regulate the stability and translation of cognate mRNAs. MiRNAs participate in the regulation of adipogenesis, and identification of the full repertoire of miRNAs expressed in adipose tissue is likely to significantly increase our understanding of adipose tissue growth and development. Here, we adopted a deep sequencing approach to determine the identity and abundance of miRNAs in developing swine adipose tissue. Via this approach, we identified the sequences and relative expression levels of 227 conserved miRNAs (of which 59 were novel) and 66 potential porcine miRNAs. The expression levels displayed a large range, as reflected by the number of sequence reads, which varied from several counts for rare miRNAs to several million reads for the most abundant miRNAs. The abundant miRNAs principally belonged to 32 miRNA gene families, including miR‐143, miR‐103, let‐7, and miR‐148. Of the conserved miRNAs, 93 miRNAs were up‐regulated and 33 miRNAs were down‐regulated in the adult pig adipose tissue. Moreover, we observed sequence variants and seed edits of the miRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis and GO term enrichment suggested that highly expressed miRNAs are involved in adipose tissue development, signal transduction, cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix communication, neural development and function, and lipid metabolism including carboxylic acid, oxoacid, fatty acid, steroid, glycerolipid, alcohol and phospholipid metabolism. Our results expand the number of known porcine miRNAs and provide a thorough account of the miRNA transcriptome in porcine adipose tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1318–1328, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.