bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The John Flynn Placement Program: Evidence for repeated rural exposure for medical students
Authors: Young Louise , Kent Lachlan , Walters Lucie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:  This paper reports on an evaluation of the John Flynn Placement Program (JFPP) for medical students. JFPP aims for medical students to experience both rural medicine and rural life as a way of increasing rural career intentions. Design:  Medical students experience two weeks a year over four years with a rural doctor. Students are evaluated at the end of each placement for clinical and social experiences and career intent. They are followed up annually to monitor career intent. Mentors are evaluated annually on clinical and rural experiences during a placement. Setting:  The Australian Government has several initiatives to encourage recruitment into rural medicine. One initiative is the JFPP. Students from all medical schools are placed with experienced general practitioners in rural and remote areas 4–7 locations across Australia. Participants:  Evaluation data from 1450 placements from 2005–2009 are reported. Outcome measures:  Data are presented highlighting evaluation of student and mentor perceptions of clinical and social experiences. Longitudinal tracking data provide an indication of the success of the program in terms of recruitment into the rural workforce. Results:  Overall mean for clinical and rural experiences is extremely positive for both students and mentors. After four JFPP placements 65% of students intend to work in rural areas. After one JFPP experience 9% indicate intent to practise as a rural general practitioner while after their fourth JFPP nearly 20% are indicating intent to practise as a rural general practitioner. Conclusions:  Longitudinal experiences, such as the JFPP, are positively influencing intention to enter the rural workforce but the impact of urban centric vocational training might be negating this impact.
Comparison of the results of two rural allied health workforce surveys in the Hunter New England region of New South Wales: 2005 versus 2008
Authors: Smith Tony , Fisher Karin , Keane Sheila , Lincoln Michelle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:  To compare the results of the 2005 and 2008 surveys of the rural allied health workforce in the study region. Design:  Comparative analysis of two cross‐sectional surveys. Setting:  The rural, northern sector of the Hunter New England region of NSW, Australia. Participants:  Both surveys targeted 12 different allied health professions. There were 225 respondents in 2005 and 205 in 2008. Main outcome measures:  Comparison is made for 15 dependent variables. Results:  There was no significant difference for most variables between 2005 and 2008. Mean age and mean years qualified decreased slightly, from 43 to 41 years and from 20 to 17 years, respectively. The proportion of respondents of rural origin was about two‐thirds in both studies and about half had a rural placement during training. While more than half supervised students, only about one‐third had received training for that role. In both 2005 and 2008, the proportion working 35 or more hours each week was about 66% but the proportion working more than 40 hours had doubled to about 36%. In both surveys about half intended leaving their job within 10 years, while the proportion satisfied with continuing professional development access had halved, from 70% to 35%. Conclusions:  Most results of the 2005 Hunter New England survey were verified. It was confirmed that a large proportion of the allied health workforce in the region intend leaving their job in the next 5 to 10 years. This is a concern for the development of new service delivery models.
The psychosocial impacts of fly‐in fly‐out and drive‐in drive‐out mining on mining employees: A qualitative study
Authors: Torkington Amanda May , Larkins Sarah , Gupta Tarun Sen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:  To explore how fly‐in fly‐out (FIFO) and drive‐in drive‐out (DIDO) mining affects the psychosocial well‐being of miners resident in a rural north Queensland town as well as the sources of support miners identify and use in managing these effects. Design:  A descriptive qualitative study, using semistructured interviews. Setting:  Charters Towers, a rural town in north Queensland, and a remote north‐western Queensland mine. Participants:  Eleven people, resident in or near Charters Towers, currently or formerly employed in FIFO or DIDO mining. Main outcome measures:  Self‐reported effects on psychosocial well‐being and sources of support. Results:  Participants reported positive and negative psychosocial impacts across domains including family life, relationships, social life, work satisfaction, mood, sleep and financial situation. Concerns about the impact on participants' partners were described. Awareness of onsite support, such as Employee Assistance Programs, varied. Other supports included administration staff and nurses or medics. Trusted friends or colleagues at the mine site were considered a preferred means of support. Some, but not most, had experienced coworkers discussing problems with them. A reluctance to seek support was described, with a number of barriers identified. Those having problems might not recognise their own stress and thus not seek support. Conclusions:  This study identifies numerous psychosocial impacts on FIFO/DIDO miners and their partners, and provides insights into preferences regarding support. Employee Assistance Programs cannot be relied upon as the sole means of support. Further studies exploring the impact upon and supports for FIFO/DIDO workers and their partners will assist in better understanding these issues.
New onset of electrocardiographic abnormalities heralding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an adult athlete
Authors: Mondillo S. , Olivotto I. , Palmerini E. , Nistri S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 41‐year‐old male asymptomatic athlete with unremarkable personal and family history of heart disease underwent annual preparticipation screening. No abnormalities were noted on prior testing. On this occasion, a 12‐lead electrocardiogram showed diffused and marked repolarization abnormalities. He was therefore referred for echocardiography, which showed moderate asymmetric hypertrophy localized at the mid‐apical portions of the left ventricular anterolateral wall. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Re‐evaluation of the electrocardiogram performed the previous year revealed a completely normal tracing.
Fabry disease and Factor V Leiden: a potent vascular risk combination
Authors: Tchan M. , Sillence D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 45‐year‐old man with heterozygous Factor V Leiden presented with his third cerebrovascular accident despite being on warfarin at a therapeutic international normalized ratio. Subsequent investigation revealed a second genetic diagnosis of Fabry disease. He then had an acute myocardial infarction whilst on aspirin and warfarin.
A point prevalence survey of hospital inpatients to define the proportion with palliation as the primary goal of care and the need for specialist palliative care
Authors: To T. H. M. , Greene A. G. , Agar M. R. , Currow D. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe direct burden of people whose goal of care is a palliative approach has not been estimated in the acute care setting. Using a single time point, cross‐sectional survey of all inpatient beds, an estimate was generated across a network of three South Australian public hospitals. One in three inpatients had a palliative approach as the goal of care and of these, only one in five had been referred to specialist palliative care services. Those referred were significantly more likely to have cancer and be younger men. Active recognition and documentation that a palliative approach frames the goals of care for this person needs to be incorporated more systematically into clinical practice in the acute care setting. At the same time, triggers for needs‐based referral for specialist assessment should be implemented. Specialist palliative care services must also provide direct care for a wider range of patients than just those with cancer.
Globalization and the local government learning process in post‐Mao China: a transnational perspective
Authors: CHIEN SHIUH‐SHEN , HO BING 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSince the 1970s, China has changed from a centrally planned economy to a more open and globalized one. Within this context we ask how, under what circumstances and through what means are local governments able to make policy innovations in upgrading the business environment within their jurisdictions. Theoretically, it is possible to learn policy innovations from the past, from neighbours and from aboard. Leading development regions, like the Yangtze River Delta, are unlikely to learn from either their domestic neighbours or their past communist history. Therefore, they must learn from the experiences of other countries. We argue that this transnational learning process occurs through three different but interrelated mechanisms. These are (1) the personal networks of local officials interacting with foreign investors who are familiar with international business standards of global production networks; (2) institutional alliances in which local officials interact with foreign governments that have co‐invested in development zones and joint interests; and (3) hegemonic discourse, wherein local officials interact with foreign consultants who have essential development knowledge. We examine this contention by analysing three empirical cases of local governments in the Yangtze River Delta – Kunshan, which demonstrates the personal network learning mechanism; Suzhou, demonstrating institutional alliance learning; and Shanghai, which exemplifies learning through hegemonic discourse.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide induces long‐lasting neuroprotection through the induction of activity‐dependent signaling via the cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein‐regulated transcription co‐activator 1
Authors: Baxter Paul S. , Martel Marc‐Andre , McMahon Aoife , Kind Peter C. , Hardingham Giles E. 
Published: May 2011

J. Neurochem.(2011)118, 365–378.AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP) is a neuroprotective peptide which exerts its effects mainly through the cAMP‐protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Here, we show that in cortical neurons, PACAP‐induced PKA signaling exerts a major part of its neuroprotective effects indirectly, by triggering action potential (AP) firing. Treatment of cortical neurons with PACAP induces a rapid and sustained PKA‐dependent increase in AP firing and associated intracellular Ca2+transients, which are essential for the anti‐apoptotic actions of PACAP. Transient exposure to PACAP induces long‐lasting neuroprotection in the face of apoptotic insults which is reliant on AP firing and the activation of cAMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB)‐mediated gene expression. Although direct, activity‐independent PKA signaling is sufficient to trigger phosphorylation on CREB’s activating serine‐133 site, this is insufficient for activation of CREB‐mediated gene expression. Full activation is dependent on CREB‐regulated transcription co‐activator 1 (CRTC1), whose PACAP‐induced nuclear import is dependent on firing activity‐dependent calcineurin signaling. Over‐expression of CRTC1 is sufficient to rescue PACAP‐induced CRE‐mediated gene expression in the face of activity‐blockade, while dominant negative CRTC1 interferes with PACAP‐induced, CREB‐mediated neuroprotection. Thus, the enhancement of AP firing may play a significant role in the neuroprotective actions of PACAP and other adenylate cyclase‐coupled ligands.
Direct Costs of Preventive Headache Treatments: Comparison of Behavioral and Pharmacologic Approaches
Authors: Schafer Allison M. , Rains Jeanetta C. , Penzien Donald B. , Groban Leanne , Smitherman Todd A. , Houle Timothy T. 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:985‐991)Objectives.— This study provides preliminary data and a framework to facilitate cost comparisons for pharmacologic vs behavioral approaches to headache prophylactic treatment.Background.— There are few empirical demonstrations of cumulative costs for pharmacologic and behavioral headache treatments, and there are no direct comparisons of short‐ and long‐range (5‐year) costs for pharmacologic vs behavioral headache treatments.Methods.— Two separate pilot surveys were distributed to a convenience sample of behavioral specialists and physicians identified from the membership of the American Headache Society. Costs of prototypical regimens for preventive pharmacologic treatment (PPT), clinic‐based behavioral treatment (CBBT), minimal contact behavioral treatment (MCBT), and group behavioral treatment were assessed. Each survey addressed total cost accumulated during treatment (ie, intake, professional fees) excluding costs of acute medications. The total costs of preventive headache therapy by type of treatment were then evaluated and compared over time.Results.— During the initial months of treatment, PPT with inexpensive mediations (<0.75 $/day) represents the least costly regimen and is comparable to MCBT in expense until 6 months. After 6 months, PPT is expected to become more costly, particularly when medication cost exceeds 0.75$ a day. When using an expensive medication (>3 $/day), preventive drug treatment becomes more expensive than CBBT after the first year. Long‐term, and within year 1, MCBT was found to be the least costly approach to migraine prevention.Conclusions.— Through year 1 of treatment, inexpensive prophylactic medications (such as generically available beta‐blocker or tricyclic antidepressant medications) and behavioral interventions utilizing limited delivery formats (MCBT) are the least costly of the empirically validated interventions. This analysis suggests that, relative to pharmacologic options, limited format behavioral interventions are cost‐competitive in the early phases of treatment and become more cost‐efficient as the years of treatment accrue.
Academic integrity and plagiarism: perceptions and experience of staff and students in a school of dentistry: A situational analysis of staff and student perspectives
Authors: Ford P. J. , Hughes C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:  This project has investigated student and staff perceptions and experience of plagiarism in a large Australian dental school to develop a response to an external audit report.Methods:  Workshops designed to enhance participants’ understanding of plagiarism and to assist with practical ways to promote academic integrity within the school were provided to all students and staff. Anonymous surveys were used to investigate perceptions and experience of plagiarism and to assess the usefulness of the workshops.Results:  Most participants felt that plagiarism was not a problem in the school, but a significant number were undecided. The majority of participants reported that the guidelines for dealing with plagiarism were inadequate and most supported the mandatory use of text‐matching software in all courses. High proportions of participants indicated that the workshops were useful and that they would consider improving their practice as a result.Conclusions:  The study provided data that enhanced understanding of aspects of plagiarism highlighted in the report at the school level and identified areas in need of attention, such as refining and raising awareness of the guidelines and incorporation of text‐matching software into courses, as well as cautions to be considered (how text‐matching software is used) in planning responsive action.
ORAOV1 is amplified in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xavier Flávia Caló Aquino , Rodini Camila Oliveira , Paiva Katiúcia Batista Silva , Destro Maria Fernanda Souza Setúbal , Severino Patricia , Moyses Raquel A. ,   Head and Neck Genome Project GENCAPO, Tajara Eloiza H. , Nunes Fabio Daumas 
Published: May 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 54–60Background:  Oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV1) was found as a candidate oncogene in the 11q13 chromosomal region, based on its amplification and overexpression in oral cancer cell lines. Because gene amplification often leads to increased levels of gene expression, we aimed to verify the relationship between ORAOV1 gene status and mRNA expression primarily in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by quantitative assay, correlating with clinical and pathological characteristics in patients.Methods:  Levels of ORAOV1 amplification and expression were evaluated by qPCR and RT–qPCR in OSCC cell lines and in tumor and non‐tumoral surgical margins from 33 patients with OSCC. All subjects were smokers and habitual alcohol drinkers, mostly men above 40 years of age and with a single primary tumor.Results:  ORAOV1 exhibited increased gene expression levels as well as higher copy number in three OSCC cell lines with 11q13 amplified chromosomal region when compared with the OSCC cell line without the amplification (one‐way ANOVA, P < 0.05). Weak correlation between ORAOV1 mRNA levels and DNA copy number was seen in tumor samples (Spearman, P = 0.07). Although ORAOV1 was amplified in tumor (Wilcoxon, P < 0.01), high levels of transcripts in margin did not reveal differences in comparison with tumor (Wilcoxon, P = 0.85). Aggressiveness and survival rate did not demonstrate statistical difference for both events in OSCC.Conclusion:  The overexpression of ORAOV1 in non‐tumoral margin samples can occur in the absence of amplification. The weak correlation between ORAOV1 amplification and expression in OSSC suggests that ORAOV1 expression can be regulated by mechanisms other than gene amplification.
Increase in invasive nonvaccine pneumococcal serotypes at two hospitals in Barcelona: was replacement disease to blame?
Authors: Pérez Andrés , Giménez Montserrat , Sala Pere , Sierra Montserrat , Esteve Anna , Rodrigo Carlos 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To describe an increase in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotypes not contained in the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children in two hospitals in Barcelona with different vaccine uptake.Methods:  Cumulative incidences of IPD, vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes (NVSTs), and main clinical presentations before (1998–2001) and after vaccine introduction (2005–2008) were compared.Results:  The incidence of IPD in children aged <2 years at Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol covering a population in which PCV7 was not widely used showed a nonsignificant increase from 29.9 to 58.8 per 100 000 child‐years between both periods. Following vaccine introduction, there was a 2.5‐fold increase in IPD caused by NVSTs in children aged <5 years. Analysis of trends in the almost fully vaccinated population of Hospital de Barcelona revealed a nonsignificant reduction in IPD incidence in children aged <2 years from 63.1 to 26.0 per 100 000 child‐years. NVSTs in children aged <5 years showed a nonsignificant 1.7‐fold increase in the vaccine period at this centre.Conclusions:  The paradoxical increase in invasive infections caused by NVSTs in these populations with different vaccine use suggests that these changes were not driven only by PCV7.
Why is Inflation in China a Monetary Phenomenon?
Authors: Zhang Chengsi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes that inflation in China during the post‐reform era (1978 onwards) is always a monetary phenomenon. We construct a multivariate dynamic model based on Friedman's quantity theory of money and use the standard Granger causality test to show that money growth contains significant predictive power for inflation during the underlying period. The finding is robust to alternative measures of monetary aggregates and both closed and open economy frameworks. The baseline finding of the paper indicates that quantitative tools remain the most important policy instruments for China to manage its inflation effectively.
The New England Singing School: Ritual Change and Religious Culture in Revolutionary America
Authors: Marini Stephen A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe New England singing school brought more than a new form of musical training to colonial and Revolutionary America. It also touched off a process of ritual change that permanently altered the religious culture of New England Congregationalism. The singing school first emerged in the early eighteenth century as a vehicle through which ministers asserted their cultic control over a restive laity. By mid‐century, however, the emergence of itinerant lay singing masters had created a class of ritual specialists who challenged the traditional institutional authority of the clergy. The process of change intensified still further in the Revolutionary era as singing school scholars formed choirs who demanded special status as a lay community of ritual performers. By the end of the Revolution, the New England singing school had also changed the content of Congregationalist religious culture itself by providing a new ritual repertory of American musical settings for the sacred poetry of Isaac Watts that quickly replaced traditional Puritan psalmody.
Grammaticalization
Authors: Aaron Smith K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents the study of grammaticalization within the fields of language change and variation, and historical linguistics. Grammaticalization has to do with the diachronic relationship between the lexicon and grammar and with stages of relatively greater and lesser grammaticality. The major effects of grammaticalization, e.g. phonological reduction, semantic generalization, and fusion (or bondedness) are reviewed. The various roles that reanalysis, analogy, and frequency play in grammaticalization are also discussed. The paper further presents the role that grammaticalization studies has played in establishing diachronic universals and discusses metaphor and metonymy in motivating those universals. Finally, the controversies concerning the exceptional status of grammaticalization, the unidirectionality hypothesis, and the legitimacy of grammaticalization as ‘process’ and ‘theory’ are addressed.
Comparative Effect of the Addition of α‐, β‐, or γ‐Cyclodextrin on Main Sensory and Physico–Chemical Parameters
Authors: Andreu‐Sevilla Antonio J. , López‐Nicolás José M. , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. , García‐Carmona Francisco 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Although α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used to improve the color of different fruit juices, a comparative study of the effect of these natural CDs on other properties that also influence pear juice quality, such as odor and aroma, have not been reported yet. In this study, the comparative effect of the addition of α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin, the only CDs authorized to be used in the food industry by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Union, on the pear juice quality was evaluated for the first time. Several instrumental and sensory properties of this fruit juice, such as color, volatile composition, odor, and aroma have been evaluated in the absence and presence of α‐, β‐, and γ‐CD. A study of the aroma profile of pear juice showed that esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and terpenes were the most important chemical families. However, the addition of α‐, β‐, and γ‐CD had different effects on both the concentration of individual volatile compounds and their chemical grouping. Furthermore, a trained sensory panel was used to evaluate color, overall odor, overall aroma, and overall quality of pear juice in the presence or absence of CDs.Practical Application:  After comparing the effects of the addition of α‐, β‐, and γ‐CD on pear juice, our final recommendation is to add α‐CD (the natural CD formed by 6 units of glucose) to pear juice because it will significantly increase the global quality of the juice by reducing its browning but without producing a significant reduction in the aroma quality.