bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐management for men surviving prostate cancer: a review of behavioural and psychosocial interventions to understand what strategies can work, for whom and in what circumstances
Authors: Cockle‐Hearne Jane , Faithfull Sara 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: In the context of increasing prostate cancer survivorship, evidence of unmet supportive care needs and growing economic health‐care restraints, this review examined and evaluated best approaches for developing self‐management programmes to meet men's survivorship needs.Methods: A search of international literature published in the last 12 years was conducted. Only randomised controlled trials were included in the analysis. Key components of the interventions were evaluated to determine what has been offered, and which elements are most beneficial in improving health outcomes. Methodological issues were also considered.Results: Targeting participant need and promoting motivation to participate and maintain programme adherence were the most important factors to emerge in ensuring positive health outcomes. Both need and motivation are multi‐faceted, the components of which are identified and evaluated. Guidance was also identified in relation to delivery design, theoretical mechanisms for change, modes of delivery and facilitator issues.Conclusion: Self‐management is a viable and appropriate way of providing health‐care solutions to ameliorate men's functional and emotional problems associated with increased prostate cancer survivorship. Integration into clinical practice will require training, resources and commitment and, in addition, economic viability will be difficult to assess since cost comparison with current provision is not straightforward. Nevertheless, from the psychosocial and behavioural studies reviewed there is convincing evidence that can be used to design, implement and evaluate future self‐management programmes for men surviving prostate cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological distress in patients with pancreatic cancer—an understudied group
Authors: Clark Karen L. , Loscalzo Matthew , Trask Peter C. , Zabora James , Philip Errol J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States, unsuccessful in significantly improving 5‐year survival. A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer may be associated with increased psychological distress, yet remarkably little is known about the degree of psychological distress experienced by these patients at the time of diagnosis and treatment.Method: In a cross‐sectional study, 304 patients with pancreatic cancer and 7749 patients with other cancer diagnoses completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) or the Brief Symptom Inventory‐Shortened Version (BSI‐18) and the Problem Common Checklist (PCL) during outpatient registration. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected from patients' clinical files.Results: A higher percentage of pancreatic cancer patients reported elevated distress across each subscale of the BSI and BSI‐18 when compared with those diagnosed with other cancer diagnoses as a group. The most notable difference was established on the depression subscale, with 28.8% of pancreatic patients reporting elevated depression compared with 18.5% of other cancer diagnoses. In pancreatic patients, a significant difference was also found in the percentage of males endorsing high depression levels when compared with females (34.0 vs 22.6%, p<0.05).Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer patients demonstrate elevated levels of psychological distress. This should alert providers to be vigilant in evaluating patients for distress and to provide appropriate referrals. The endorsement of fatigue and pain, along with the observed gender differences, suggest that early distress management interventions may need to include components targeted to these issues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual binding interactions in PDZ domain crystal structures help explain binding mechanisms
Authors: Elkins Jonathan M. , Gileadi Carina , Shrestha Leela , Phillips Claire , Wang Jing , Muniz João R.C. , Doyle Declan A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPDZ domains most commonly bind the C‐terminus of their protein targets. Typically the C‐terminal four residues of the protein target are considered as the binding motif, particularly the C‐terminal residue (P0) and third‐last residue (P‐2) that form the major contacts with the PDZ domain's “binding groove”. We solved crystal structures of seven human PDZ domains, including five of the seven PDLIM family members. The structures of GRASP, PDLIM2, PDLIM5, and PDLIM7 show a binding mode with only the C‐terminal P0 residue bound in the binding groove. Importantly, in some cases, the P‐2 residue formed interactions outside of the binding groove, providing insight into the influence of residues remote from the binding groove on selectivity. In the GRASP structure, we observed both canonical and noncanonical binding in the two molecules present in the asymmetric unit making a direct comparison of these binding modes possible. In addition, structures of the PDZ domains from PDLIM1 and PDLIM4 also presented here allow comparison with canonical binding for the PDLIM PDZ domain family. Although influenced by crystal packing arrangements, the structures nevertheless show that changes in the positions of PDZ domain side‐chains and the αB helix allow noncanonical binding interactions. These interactions may be indicative of intermediate states between unbound and fully bound PDZ domain and target protein. The noncanonical “perpendicular” binding observed potentially represents the general form of a kinetic intermediate. Comparison with canonical binding suggests that the rearrangement during binding involves both the PDZ domain and its ligand.
A physical basis for the interannual variability of rainfall in the Sahel
Authors: Nicholson Sharon E. , Webster Peter J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA major factor in rainfall variability over Sahelian West Africa is the latitudinal location of the tropical rainbelt. When it is displaced abnormally far northward, the Sahel experiences a wet year. An anomalous southward displacement results in drought. In this paper we examine the question of what controls the location during the boreal summer, hypothesizing that inertial instability plays a role. An analysis of surface pressure and temperature fields, wind fields, divergence and vertical motion show that the criteria for inertial instability are satisfied in wet Augusts but not in dry ones. The key determinant appears to be the surface pressure gradient between the continent and the equatorial Atlantic. When this is large, inertial instability results in the development of a low‐level westerly jet. The presence of this jet enhances the horizontal and vertical shear, and displaces the African Easterly Jet northwestward. Associated with this situation is strong vertical motion over the Sahel and subsidence over the Guinea Coast, producing dry conditions over the latter. The result is a rainfall dipole, one of two major modes of variability over West Africa. Important factors include sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial Atlantic and pressure in the South Atlantic. The first of these factors suggests a link with the Atlantic Niño mode of tropical Atlantic variability; while the second suggests a possible link with the Pacific and the extratropical South Atlantic. Overall, our study relates the well‐known SST influence on Sahel rainfall to atmospheric dynamics over the continent. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Flow‐adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble‐based data assimilation
Authors: Bishop Craig H. , Hodyss Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) schemes reduce the effect of spurious ensemble correlations caused by small ensemble size by multiplying the correlations by moderation functions. Moderation functions envelop true error correlation functions. Ideal moderation functions would adapt to variations in the movement and width of true error correlation functions. Here, we describe a new method in which flow‐dependent moderation functions are built from powers of smoothed ensemble correlations. The approach imparts to the moderation function movement and width information retained by the smoothed ensemble correlations. Spurious smoothed ensemble correlations are attenuated by raising them to a power. Simple systems were used to compare DA performance using such Smoothed ENsemble COrrelations Raised to a Power (SENCORP) moderation functions against DA performance using optimally tuned but non‐adaptive moderation functions. The simple systems considered feature propagating error correlation functions and error correlation functions with variable width. It was found that when significant spatio‐temporal variations in the true error correlation function are present, SENCORP moderation functions are superior to non‐adaptive moderation functions. In the absence of spatio‐temporal variations, the DA performance of SENCORP moderation functions was found to be statistically indistinguishable from the DA performance of non‐adaptive moderation functions. An example using a primitive equation global model is given to illustrate how the method could be used to improve the performance of a local ensemble Kalman filter/smoother, particularly when larger observation volumes are used, to better account for error propagation and/or observations that represent vertically averaged variables. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter jet stream trends over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Strong Courtenay , Davis Robert E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTrends in the speed and probability of winter jet stream cores over the Northern Hemisphere were measured for 1958–2007, and related changes in the thermal structure of the troposphere were identified. Eddy‐driven jet (EDJ) core speeds and probabilities increased over the midlatitudes (40–60°N), with changes as large as 15% (speed) and 30% (probability). These increasing trends are collocated with increases in baroclinicity driven by a spatially heterogeneous pattern of height change consisting of large‐scale warming with cooling centres embedded poleward of 60°N. The cooling centres reduced high‐latitude baroclinicity, making jet cores poleward of 60°N less frequent and weaker. Over the west and central Pacific, subtropical jet stream (STJ) core probabilities remained relatively constant while core speeds increased by as much as 1.75 m/s decade−1 in association with Hadley cell intensification. The STJ shifted poleward over the east Pacific and Middle East, and an equatorward shift and intensification of the STJ were found over the Atlantic basin–contributing to an increased separation of the EDJ and STJ. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Temporal distribution and taxonomic composition differences of larval fish in a large navigable river: A comparison of artificial dike structures and natural habitat
Authors: Niles Jonathan M. , Hartman Kyle J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDistributions of larval fish in a regulated river were determined by sampling 15 sites in 2003 using larval fish light traps. Typical of large river systems in the Mississippi River drainage, collections in the Kanawha River were dominated (>93%) by Cyprinidae and Percidae species. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) along artificial dike structures were higher than CPUE along other shoreline sites, indicating the importance of these structures as nurseries. Taxonomic richness within artificial dike structures was greater than or equal to normal shoreline reference sites. Cyprinidae (Pimphales type and Notropis type) were collected significantly more on artificial structures than reference sites (p < 0.01). We collected higher numbers and observed greater CPUE of some sport fishes (Percidae) at the artificial dike structures. Percidae CPUE was significantly higher (p < 0.01) on artificial dike structures than reference sites. Percidae distribution appears to be positively influenced by the introduction of artificial dike structures in comparison to other abundant fish groups. Artificial dike structures encouraged taxonomic and larval fish diversity, and positively influenced some game fish species. The results of this study suggest that artificial dike structures are habitats that increase larval fish diversity in large, navigable rivers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutions and policy processes: the means to the ends of adaptation
Authors: Dovers Stephen R. , Hezri Adnan A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInstitutions and institutional change are mentioned often but rarely specified in discussions of climate adaptation. Policy change is proposed, but the detail of policy processes less often discussed. Adaptation to increased climate change and variability will require policy interventions to change behaviors across multiple sectors, requiring policy processes constrained or enabled by institutional settings. Detailed discussion of how to redesign policy processes and institutions are especially rare at the crucial jurisdictional scales of national and sub‐national policy and planning. We review coverage of policy and institutions in the adaptation literature and clarify key issues by drawing on the domains of public policy, institutional change, and sustainable development. The distinction between, but close dependencies among, institutions, institutional systems, organizations, policy processes, policy instruments, and management are emphasized. We propose that the climate policy literature has rapidly become large enough that a tendency of self‐referencing has developed, and that insights can be gained from other areas. Within existing parameters of law, politics, and governance, options are identified that could embed considerations of climate adaptation into policy processes and institutional systems, with focus on enabling cross‐sectoral policy integration (‘mainstreaming’), decision making under conditions of uncertainty, vertical (‘cross‐scale’) policy coordination, issues of capacity and devolution, and policy evaluation and learning. The value of seeking lessons from past policy interventions and from cognate policy sectors is explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
A novel simplified tone reservation combined with cross antenna rotation and inversion to reduce PAPR for MIMO‐OFDM system
Authors: He Xiaofan , Jiang Tao , Zhu Guangxi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we first propose a simplified tone reservation (STR) method with low computational complexity which is based on the Fourier series expansion. Then, we analyze how to combine the STR method with the cross antenna rotation and inversion method to reduce the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) for multi‐input multi‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) system. To validate the analytical results, extensive simulations are conducted and the numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed schemes including the PAPR reduction and low computational complexity for MIMO‐OFDM system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A verification system for concurrent programs based on the Boyer-Moore prover
Authors: Russinoff David M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We describe a mechanical proof system for concurrent programs, based on a formalization of the temporal framework of Manna and Pnueli as an extension of the computational logic of Boyer and Moore. The system provides a natural representation of specifications of concurrent programs as temporal logic formulas, which are automatically translated into terms that are subject to verification by the Boyer-Moore prover. Several specialized derived rules of inference are introduced to the prover in order to facilitate the verification of invariance (safety) and eventuality (liveness) properties. The utility of the system is illustrated by a correctness proof for a two-process program that computes binomial coefficients.
A security flow control algorithm and its denotational semantics correctness proof
Authors: Mizuno Masaaki , Schmidt David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe derive a security flow control algorithm for message-based, modular systems and prove the algorithm correct. The development is noteworthy because it is completely rigorous: the flow control algorithm is derived as an abstract interpretation of the denotational semantics of the programming language for the modular system, and the correctness proof is a proof by logical relations of the congruence between the denotational semantics and its abstract interpretation. Effectiveness is also addressed: we give conditions under which an abstract interpretation can be computed as a traditional iterative data flow analysis, and we prove that our security flow control algorithm satisfies the conditions. We also show that symbolic expressions (that is, data flow values that contain unknowns) can be used in a convergent, iterative analysis. An important consequence of the latter result is that the security flow control algorithm can analyse individual modules in a system for well formedness and later can link the analyses to obtain an analysis of the entire system.
At the Origins of Neo-Liberalism: The Free Economy and the Strong State, 1930–1947
Authors: JACKSON BEN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIt is often suggested that the earliest theorists of neo-liberalism first entered public controversy in the 1930s and 1940s to dispel the illusion that the welfare state represented a stable middle way between capitalism and socialism. This article argues that this is an anachronistic account of the origins of neo-liberalism, since the earliest exponents of neo-liberal doctrine focused on socialist central planning rather than the welfare state as their chief adversary and even sought to accommodate certain elements of the welfare state agenda within their market liberalism. In their early work, neo-liberal theorists were suspicious of nineteenth-century liberalism and capitalism; emphasized the value commitments that they shared with progressive liberals and socialists; and endorsed significant state regulation and redistribution as essential to the maintenance of a free society. Neo-liberals of the 1930s and 1940s therefore believed that the legitimation of the market, and the individual liberty best secured by the market, had to be accomplished via an expansion of state capacity and a clear admission that earlier market liberals had been wrong to advocate laissez-faire.
URBAN HISTORY AND MODERNITY IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Authors: KLAUTKE EGBERT 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis historiographical review discusses recent literature on cities in modern Central Europe – mainly on Berlin and Vienna – which reflects the great variety of approaches to urban history and underlines the importance of urban history for the study of modernity. The history of urbanization was a central event in the history of modernity. Especially in the Central European capitals of Berlin and Vienna, where modernization and urban growth started later and then advanced more quickly than in West European cities, all aspects of social, political, economic, and cultural modernity and its consequences can be observed in detail.
SOME FURTHER CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN RICHARD BAXTER AND KATHERINE GELL
Authors: CONDIE KEITH 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe puritan pastor and writer, Richard Baxter, and a member of a prominent Derbyshire family, Katherine Gell, exchanged a series of letters between 1655 and 1658. This article highlights the existence of three further items of correspondence in this exchange, located in the Derbyshire Record Office, hitherto believed not to be extant. The additional three letters are all penned by Baxter and include his replies to her first two epistles (dated 28 July 1655 and 4 September 1655) as well as a reply to a non-extant Gell letter (dated 31 July 1658). The correspondence provides valuable insights into Baxter's pastoral methods and the nature of puritan piety. The first two items draw attention to the importance of the dimension of duty within Baxter's pastoral agenda; while expressed in a context of warmth and encouragement, he believes that Gell will find a measure of resolution to her spiritual struggles by careful attention to the obligations of Christian living. The third letter, written some years later, after Baxter has discovered that Gell suffers from melancholia, is couched in a gentler tone and reveals a more reciprocal dimension to their relationship.
BATTLE EXHAUSTION: THE DILEMMA OF PSYCHIATRIC CASUALTIES IN NORMANDY, JUNE–AUGUST 1944
Authors: JONES EDGAR , IRONSIDE STEPHEN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTDuring the Second World War, controversy surrounded not the inevitability of psychiatric casualties but the extent to which they could be minimized by selection, training, morale, and leadership. By early 1944, when planning for the D-Day landings was advanced, the problem of the psychiatric battle casualty was considered manageable by careful preparation and clinical understanding. The campaign to liberate Europe offered the newly formed Directorate of Army Psychiatry an opportunity to demonstrate its effectiveness. Psychiatric services were deployed to Normandy to maximize the return of front-line troops to duty. Commanders, however, entertained doubts about the value of military psychiatrists. By offering a sanctioned escape route from battle, some believed that their mere presence undermined the fighting spirit of combat troops. The records of 32 General (Psychiatric) Hospital have been analysed to discover categories of troops most vulnerable to breakdown and to assess the impact of front-line treatments. Infantry soldiers, those most likely to be killed, were disproportionately represented amongst admissions. Senior non-commissioned officers were also at elevated risk of breakdown, some being war weary from earlier campaigns. Probably 36 per cent of admissions returned to combatant duty, and 53 per cent were evacuated to the UK. The scale of psychiatric casualties revealed failures in pre-deployment screening.
THE EARL OF EGLINTON, SCOTTISH CONSERVATISM, AND THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE VINDICATION OF SCOTTISH RIGHTS
Authors: TYRRELL ALEX 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis article re-evaluates the role and importance of the thirteenth earl of Eglinton as president of the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights (NAVSR). Departing from the established historiography, which depicts his career as a romantic absurdity because of his organization of a medieval tournament in 1839, it shows Eglinton to have been a political figure of substance, who played a significant role in public life during the mid-Victorian era. The article emphasizes the importance of ‘administrative devolution’ as a feature of long-term Conservative political thought and points to activities of Eglinton and his circle as an example of the need to give more weight to the importance of Conservatives in modern Scottish history.