bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOFs‐Based Materials with Confined Space: Opportunities and Challenges for Energy and Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Ke , Zhu Qinghan , Zhang Tingting , Guo Li , Hu Feiyang , Zhong Ruixia , Wen Xiaojing , Wang Haiwang , Qi Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a very promising material in the fields of energy and catalysis due to their rich active sites, tunable pore size, structural adaptability, and high specific surface area. The concepts of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality” have opened up huge development opportunities in the fields of energy storage, energy conversion, and catalysis, and have made significant progress and breakthroughs. In recent years, people have shown great interest in the development of MOFs materials and their applications in the above research fields. This review introduces the design strategies and latest progress of MOFs are included based on their structures such as core–shell, yolk–shell, multi‐shelled, sandwich structures, unique crystal surface exposures, and MOF‐derived nanomaterials in detail. This work comprehensively and systematically reviews the applications of MOF‐based materials in energy and catalysis and reviews the research progress of MOF materials for atmospheric water harvesting, seawater uranium extraction, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Finally, this review looks forward to the challenges and opportunities of controlling the synthesis of MOFs through low‐cost, improved conductivity, high‐temperature heat resistance, and integration with machine learning. This review provides useful references for promoting the application of MOFs‐based materials in the aforementioned fields.
Preformed Vesicle Approach to LNP Manufacturing Enhances Retinal mRNA Delivery
Authors: Eygeris Yulia , Henderson Michael I. , Curtis Allison G. , Jozić Antony , Stoddard Jonathan , Reynaga Rene , Chirco Kathleen R. , Su Grace Li‐Na , Neuringer Martha , Lauer Andreas K. , Ryals Renee C. , Sahay Gaurav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComplete encapsulation of nucleic acids by lipid‐based nanoparticles (LNPs) is often thought to be one of the main prerequisites for successful nucleic acid delivery, as the lipid environment protects mRNA from degradation by external nucleases and assists in initiating delivery processes. However, delivery of mRNA via a preformed vesicle approach (PFV‐LNPs) defies this precondition. Unlike traditional LNPs, PFV‐LNPs are formed via a solvent‐free mixing process, leading to a superficial mRNA localization. While demonstrating low encapsulation efficiency in the RiboGreen assay, PFV‐LNPs improved delivery of mRNA to the retina by up to 50% compared to the LNP analogs across several benchmark formulations, suggesting the utility of this approach regardless of the lipid composition. Successful mRNA and gene editors’ delivery is observed in the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors and validated in mice, non‐human primates, and human retinal organoids. Deploying PFV‐LNPs in gene editing experiments result in a similar extent of gene editing compared to analogous LNP (up to 3% on genomic level) in the Ai9 reporter mouse model; but, remarkably, retinal tolerability is significantly improved for PFV‐LNP treatment. The study findings indicate that the LNP formulation process can greatly influence mRNA transfection and gene editing outcomes, improving LNP treatment safety without sacrificing efficacy.
Nanoemulsion‐laden poly(vinyl) alcohol hydrogel films for transdermal delivery of carbamazepine
Authors: Rai Manali , Lakra Preeti , Yadav Harsh , Maiti Sabyasachi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is an unmet demand for transdermal devices that can deliver large dose of medications through the skin. Herein, nanoemulsion‐based poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) transdermal hydrogel films were developed for the high‐dose anti‐epileptic drug carbamazepine. A stable nanoemulsion was created with almond oil, Tween 60, and amphiphilic locust bean gum. The nanoemulsion had a hydrodynamic diameter of 251 nm, a polydispersity of 10.3%, and a zeta potential of −51.2 mV. Carbamazepine‐loaded nanoemulsion was blended with carbamazepine‐free PVA dispersion and casted into films. To accommodate a high dose, carbamazepine‐loaded nanoemulsion was trapped in a PVA dispersion containing carbamazepine to create transdermal films. The physicochemical characteristics and drug penetration characteristics of the produced films were compared. Both films had the uniform thickness, weight, and drug content. The folding endurance was found to be greater than 700 in both cases. Water vapor permeability decreased when carbamazepine was added to almond oil as well as polymer dispersion. FESEM pictures revealed a waxy paper‐like appearance for the PVA hydrogel film with dual drug‐reservoirs. FTIR spectra assessment revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction between PVA and carbamazepine. X‐ray diffraction examination revealed that the film contained an amorphous dispersion of carbamazepine. Dual carbamazepine reservoir‐based films outperformed single nanoemulsion drug reservoir‐based films in terms of drug flux through excised rat skin by 3.2 times. The in vitro skin permeation findings corresponded well to zero order kinetic models. Overall, this study showed that a high‐dose drug could be placed on nanoemulsion‐based transdermal PVA hydrogel films, resulting in improved skin permeability.Highlights
Nanoemulsion was stable at almond oil:Tween 60/modified gum ratio of 5:5.
Loading of high dose carbamazepine in nanoemulsion‐PVA transdermal films.
Film of dual carbamazepine reservoir showed low water vapor permeation, moisture retention.
Flux of carbamazepine from films improved three times through excised rat skin.
Value of high‐definition laryngoscopy in the diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula
Authors: Zhang Pei‐Jun , Tian Xiu‐Fen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveEfficient methods are available to diagnose pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). This study aimed to assess the value of high‐definition laryngoscopy (HDL) in the diagnosis of PSF.MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2019, patients with PSF were enrolled into this study. HDL was performed without general anesthesia. Laryngoscopy characteristics were analyzed. An inner orifice in the pyriform fossa indicated the presence of PSF. The diagnostic accuracy of HDL was compared to that of barium swallow.ResultsA total of 56 patients (33 males and 23 females, ages 2–57 years) were included. The positive predictive value of HDL was 96.4%, and that of barium swallow was 89.2%. Compared to pronouncing the English letter “e,” anterior cervical skin traction plus Valsalva maneuver could offer a clearer view of the inner orifice in the pyriform fossa (χ2 = 11.187, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, compared to barium swallow, HDL showed no statistically significant difference in diagnosing PSF (χ2 = 2.598, p > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth HDL and barium swallow have their advantages and are complementary in diagnosing PSF. Their combination may achieve a higher diagnostic accuracy for PFS.
Coastal Fisheries Governance in the Pacific Islands: The Evolution of Policy and the Progress of Management-at-Scale
Authors: Govan Hugh , Lalavanua Watisoni , Steenbergen Dirk J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor Pacific Island people, coastal fisheries are fundamental for supporting livelihoods, nutrition and health, cultures, and economies. However, only in the last 30 years has the region’s fisheries policy come to recognize the significant contributions of coastal fisheries and the need for national management strategies. This chapter tracks the evolving regional policy on coastal fisheries, including the challenges and opportunities for prospective regional and national policy formation and implementation. Regional policy first recognized the importance of management across coastal waters in 2003; since then, this recognition has increased through a series of directives and strategic frameworks. The need to accelerate the national implementation of coastal fisheries management has led fisheries agency staff and other science and civil society stakeholders to collectively develop, under the auspices of the Pacific Community (SPC), the “Pacific Framework for Action on Scaling up Community-based Fisheries Management: 2021–2025.” Regional policies are specifically targeted and prioritized for national needs and provide the most effective means of support delivery. The SSF Guidelines are supplementary, particularly in the areas of human rights, and their further integration through joint delivery at the national level will be important. Over 600 community-based fisheries management sites have been documented across the Pacific Islands, which in some countries includes most fishing communities. These sites represent almost the entirety of coastal marine protected areas, which are significant for achieving international conservation targets. However, in highly populated countries, substantial community coverage remains unlikely, suggesting that other aspects of the enabling environment need to be addressed. More crucially, implementation is challenged by limitations to national staffing and recurrent budgets. With increasing philanthropic interest in funding locally governed marine and coastal areas, it will be crucial that these efforts build on the substantial progress made and are guided by regional and national public policy. A critical consideration is ensuring substantially increased management budgets and administrative capacity of fisheries agencies.
Structural basis for the distinct roles of non-conserved Pro116 and conserved Tyr124 of BCH domain of yeast p50RhoGAP
Authors: Shankar Srihari , Chew Ti Weng , Chichili Vishnu Priyanka Reddy , Low Boon Chuan , Sivaraman J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstractp50RhoGAP is a key protein that interacts with and downregulates the small GTPase RhoA. p50RhoGAP is a multifunctional protein containing the BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP Homology (BCH) domain that facilitates protein–protein interactions and lipid binding and the GAP domain that regulates active RhoA population. We recently solved the structure of the BCH domain from yeast p50RhoGAP (YBCH) and showed that it maintains the adjacent GAP domain in an auto-inhibited state through the β5 strand. Our previous WT YBCH structure shows that a unique kink at position 116 thought to be made by a proline residue between alpha helices α6 and α7 is essential for the formation of intertwined dimer from asymmetric monomers. Here we sought to establish the role and impact of this Pro116. However, the kink persists in the structure of P116A mutant YBCH domain, suggesting that the scaffold is not dictated by the proline residue at this position. We further identified Tyr124 (or Tyr188 in HBCH) as a conserved residue in the crucial β5 strand. Extending to the human ortholog, when substituted to acidic residues, Tyr188D or Tyr188E, we observed an increase in RhoA binding and self-dimerization, indicative of a loss of inhibition of the GAP domain by the BCH domain. These results point to distinct roles and impact of the non-conserved and conserved amino acid positions in regulating the structural and functional complexity of the BCH domain.
Prenatal treatment with preimplantation factor improves early postnatal neurogenesis and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Moreau Manon , Dard Rodolphe , Madani Amélia , Kandiah Janany , Kassis Nadim , Ziga Jessica , Castiglione Héloïse , Day Solenn , Bourgeois Thomas , Matrot Boris , Vialard François , Janel Nathalie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease characterized by a supernumerary chromosome 21. Intellectual deficiency (ID) is one of the most prominent features of DS. Central nervous system defects lead to learning disabilities, motor and language delays, and memory impairments. At present, a prenatal treatment for the ID in DS is lacking. Subcutaneous administration of synthetic preimplantation factor (sPIF, a peptide with a range of biological functions) in a model of severe brain damage has shown neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties by directly targeting neurons and microglia. Here, we evaluated the effect of PIF administration during gestation and until weaning on Dp(16)1Yey mice (a mouse model of DS). Possible effects at the juvenile stage were assessed using behavioral tests and molecular and histological analyses of the brain. To test the influence of perinatal sPIF treatment at the adult stage, hippocampus-dependent memory was evaluated on postnatal day 90. Dp(16)1Yey pups showed significant behavioral impairment, with impaired neurogenesis, microglial cell activation and a low microglial cell count, and the deregulated expression of genes linked to neuroinflammation and cell cycle regulation. Treatment with sPIF restored early postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, with beneficial effects on astrocytes, microglia, inflammation, and cell cycle markers. Moreover, treatment with sPIF restored the level of DYRK1A, a protein that is involved in cognitive impairments in DS. In line with the beneficial effects on neurogenesis, perinatal treatment with sPIF was associated with an improvement in working memory in adult Dp(16)1Yey mice. Perinatal treatment with sPIF might be an option for mitigating cognitive impairments in people with DS.
Peritectic orthopyroxene entrainment during partial melting of garnet peridotite produced the Bushveld Complex chromite deposits
Authors: Otto Tahnee , Stevens Gary , Moyen Jean-François , Mayne Matthew J , Clemens John D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the largest chromium deposits on Earth occurs in the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex as laterally continuous chromitite layers. None of the hypotheses proposed for the origin of the chromitites can explain both the abundance of Cr in the RLS and the unusual enrichment in Cr and V over Ni, relative to typical depleted mantle values. This study investigates the possibility that the layering and chromitite formation are consequences of the entrainment of source components into the magmas that formed the RLS. Thermodynamic modelling results reveal a wedge-shaped domain in pressure-temperature space in the subcratonic mantle within which Cr-bearing orthopyroxene forms as a peritectic product of incongruent melting. Entrainment of this orthopyroxene produces magmas that crystallise peritectic olivine and chromite on ascent, due to the consumption of orthopyroxene by melt. The chromite- and olivine-bearing magmas intrude as sills and can produce chromite and dunite layers by density separation. This model, which interprets the RLS Sr-isotopic composition to reflect prior mantle metasomatism by crustal fluids (ideally ancient and of low volume), readily explains the formation of chromitite layers from relatively thin sills, as well as the very high ratios of Cr and V to other compatible elements relative to typical mantle compositions. The special circumstances required to produce the RLS chromitites do not relate to some oddity of repetitive crustal assimilation or magma compositions that allow chromite-only saturation. Rather, they relate to speed of melting and magma extraction which enabled peritectic orthopyroxene entrainment to the magmas.
From the idea to the research question and hypothesis
Authors: Ackermann Jakob ,   the Research Committee of the AGA
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research idea, research question, hypothesis, and research objective collectively form the bedrock of every scientific study and thus demand careful and precise development. Guidelines such as the FINER (feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant) and PICOT (population, intervention, comparison group, outcome of interest, and time) criteria provide a structured approach to establishing the study’s foundation. Ultimately, clinical relevance and a well-defined study concept are pivotal for a successful publication process and the scientific contribution that a study can make to the current literature.
Social Darwinism Revisited: How four critics altered the meaning of a near-obsolete term, greatly increased its usage, and thereby changed social science
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany social scientists still resist Darwinian insights. A possible reason for this is a fear of being associated with Social Darwinism. This article updates a 2002 search for appearances of Social Darwinism in articles and reviews on the JSTOR database. This database has since increased substantially in size, and it now includes far more publications in languages other than English. Use of the term Social Darwinism was rare before the 1940s. Talcott Parsons used it in 1932 to criticise the analytic use of the core Darwinian concepts in social science. Subsequently, and for the first time, Herbert Spencer and Willam Graham Sumner were described as Social Darwinists. This led to a major change of meaning of the term, where it was associated more, but not entirely, with free market individualism. With this reconstructed meaning, a 1944 bestselling book by Richard Hofstadter provoked an explosion of usage of the term in postwar years. The continuing use of the term is partly ideologically motivated and has served to deter consideration of Darwinian ideas in social science.
Invariant relations for affine loops
Authors: Ghardallou Wided , Mohammadi Hessamaldin , Linger Richard C. , Pleszkoch Mark , Loh JiMeng , Mili Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvariant relations are used to analyze while loops; while their primary application is to derive the function of a loop, they can also be used to derive loop invariants, weakest preconditions, strongest postconditions, sufficient conditions of correctness, necessary conditions of correctness, and termination conditions of loops. In this paper we present two generic invariant relations that capture the semantics of loops whose loop body applies affine transformations on numeric variables.
Cranial and extracranial manifestations of giant cell arteritis: a single-center observational study
Authors: Kudraszew Emilia , Nowakowska-Płaza Anna , Wroński Jakub , Płaza Mateusz , Wisłowska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) presents two major phenotypes – cranial (cGCA) and extracranial (exGCA). exGCA may be overlooked. The study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics between cGCA and exGCA.

Methods
Electronic medical records of patients treated between January 2015 and July 2023 at the Department of Rheumatology were searched for the diagnosis of GCA. The clinical characteristics of patients with cGCA, exGCA, and overlapping GCA manifestations were compared.

Results
Out of 32 patients with GCA, 20 had cGCA, 7 had exGCA, and 5 had overlap manifestations. The groups did not differ significantly in demographics, clinical signs/symptoms, or laboratory test results. Importantly, the combined group of patients with exGCA and overlap GCA had a statistically significant delay in initiating treatment (median 12 weeks) compared to patients with cGCA (median 4 weeks; p = 0.008).

Conclusion
Our study confirmed the insidious nature of exGCA, which lacks distinctive clinical symptoms and consequently leads to delayed treatment.
Incidence and pattern of urgent revascularization in acute coronary syndromes treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel
Authors: Aytekin Alp , Scalamogna Maria , Coughlan J. J. , Lahu Shqipdona , Ndrepepa Gjin , Menichelli Maurizio , Mayer Katharina , Wöhrle Jochen , Bernlochner Isabell , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Hochholzer Willibald , Sibbing Dirk , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Tölg Ralph , Valina Christian , Müller Arne , Kufner Sebastian , Liebetrau Christoph , Xhepa Erion , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Sager Hendrik B. , Joner Michael , Richardt Gert , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Neumann Franz Josef , Schunkert Heribert , Schüpke Stefanie , Kastrati Adnan , Cassese Salvatore 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The ISAR-REACT 5 trial compared the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel in patients with ACS managed invasively. The present study sought to investigate the impact of ticagrelor and prasugrel on the incidence and pattern of urgent revascularization in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
This post-hoc analysis of the ISAR-REACT 5 trial included all ACS patients who underwent PCI. The primary endpoint for this analysis was the incidence of urgent revascularization at 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcome was the pattern of urgent revascularization procedures (namely, urgent target vessel/non-target vessel revascularization – TVR/NTVR). Among 3,377 ACS patients who underwent PCI, 1,676 were assigned to ticagrelor and 1,701 to prasugrel before PCI. After 12 months, the incidence of urgent revascularization was higher among patients assigned to ticagrelor as compared to prasugrel (6.8% vs. 5.2%; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.75; p = 0.051), mostly attributable to significantly more urgent NTVR in the ticagrelor group (3.8% vs. 2.4%; HR = 1.62 [1.09–2.41]; p = 0.017). The risk of urgent TVR did not differ between treatment groups (3.3% vs. 3.0%; HR = 1.13 [0.77–1.65]; p = 0.546).

Conclusions
In ACS patients treated with PCI, the cumulative rate of urgent revascularizations after 12 months is higher with ticagrelor compared to prasugrel, due to a significant increase in urgent revascularizations involving remote coronary vessels.

Graphic abstract
Recreational music exposure and hearing health in young adults
Authors: Ergun Onur , Cakmak Eda , Alniacik Asuman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to compare daily and total recreational music exposure levels and extended-spectrum audiogram results in young adults without pre-existing hearing problems.

Design
The study included healthy volunteers aged 18–25 with no known ear disease or hearing loss. Participants completed a questionnaire, underwent otoscopic and tympanometric examinations, and determined preferred music volumes in an audiometry booth using calibrated music samples of their preferred genres. Hearing thresholds up to 16 kiloHertz (kHz) were measured. Daily music exposure for each participant was normalized to 8 h to calculate a time-weighted average of 8 h (TWA8). Total exposure (TE) was calculated by multiplying TWA8 by the number of years of music listening.

Results
A total of 32.4% of participants had TWA8s above 65 dB. Their hearing thresholds at 125, 250, 500, and 16,000 Hz and the average of 125 Hz–8 kHz were significantly higher. Participants with TWA8s above 65 dB were also more prone to speaking loudly and experiencing communication difficulties on the phone. Those with a TE of more than 400 experienced significantly more speech discrimination difficulty in noisy environments and temporary hearing loss/tinnitus after exposure to loud music. Participants with a TE above 700 had worse thresholds at 4, 14, and 16 kHz frequencies, as well as 125–8000 Hz and 500–4000 Hz averages compared to those with a TE below 700.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that recreational music with much lower exposure levels than the universally accepted TWA8 of 85 dB could negatively impact hearing in healthy young adults. Therefore, maintaining a maximum TWA8 of 65 dB is recommended.