bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Filgrastim among Febrile Inpatients who Received Outpatient Filgrastim or Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Adamson Robert T. , Lew Indu , Mathis A. Scott , Beyzarov Elena 
Published: August 2010

Purpose To characterize the inpatient use of filgrastim in cancer patients hospitalized for management of post-chemotherapy fever after receiving either outpatient filgrastim or pegfilgrastim. Method Retrospective review of chart records in a single-center, tertiary-care, teaching hospital and outpatient oncology center of cancer patients hospitalized for fever after outpatient chemotherapy and proactive administration of filgrastim or pegfilgrastim. Patients with the following tumor types were included: breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, Hodgkin disease, intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, small cell or non-small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer. Result Billing data identified 1,438 outpatient chemotherapy patients treated with filgrastim or pegfilgrastim; 261 (18.2%) of whom were hospitalized for fever. All patients in the filgrastim groups, and 78% of those in the pegfilgrastim group, were given inpatient filgrastim. Duration of filgrastim administration in the inpatient setting was significantly shorter ( P < 0.001) for the pegfilgrastim group. Conclusions Filgrastim was frequently administered to cancer patients hospitalized for fever, even after outpatient pegfilgrastim was administered as an adjunct to chemotherapy. Patients treated with once-per-cycle pegfilgrastim in an outpatient setting do not require filgrastim if they are hospitalized for fever before neutrophil recovery. Thus, hospitals could realize immediate cost savings by not treating those patients with filgrastim. This study illustrates the need to develop operational procedures in institutions to rapidly identify prior outpatient pegfilgrastim administration as a patient is admitted for post-chemotherapy fever.
Core Competencies in Hospital Pharmacy — Medication Order Review
Authors: Weber Robert J. 
Published: August 2010

The next several Director's Forum articles will focus on core practices or competencies in hospital pharmacy practice. This series of articles will discuss the key fundamentals, resources, challenges, and opportunities associated with drug dispensing. Future core competency forums will include discussions on medication ordering, intravenous admixtures, data analysis, and regulatory requirements. In Director's Forum, we hope to answer key questions that pharmacy directors face and provide others with information to foster growth in pharmacy leadership. The articles in this column will build on one another and, when put together, will serve as a “tool kit” to develop patient-centered pharmacy services in hospitals of all sizes. Examples of topics in future Director's Forums will include establishing clinical service priorities, justifying clinical pharmacist positions, implementing a patient safety program, and budgeting for patient-centered services.
Health Literacy, Medication Errors, and Health Outcomes: Is There a Relationship?
Authors: Warner April , Menachemi Nir , Brooks Robert G. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose To definitively examine the relationship between health literacy and medication errors by reviewing the existing literature. Summary Over the past decade, our understanding of health literacy and its impact on society has greatly evolved, with research showing that patients with inadequate literacy levels are often subjected to inferior health outcomes. While several theoretical reasons exist to explain this suboptimal situation, one possible explanation is that patients with lower literacy levels do not have the skills necessary to effectively navigate the medication use process thus potentially leading to an increase in medication errors. Although the main focus of this article is to search for a direct association between literacy and medication errors, we also sought to identify an indirect relationship by evaluating previous studies, which explore the effects of literacy on health outcomes. Conclusion While we identified numerous studies that suggest that low literacy adversely affected patient outcomes, no study was found that directly linked low-health literacy to medication errors. The authors conclude that additional studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
Omeprazole: Extended-Interval Dosing (Alternate-Day Dosing)
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: August 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Power of Attorney Documents and Pharmacy
Authors: Fink Joseph L. 
Published: August 2010

Some pharmacists have used a power of attorney document for quite some time when submitting orders for controlled substances. This is authorized by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) regulations. Increasingly pharmacists are encountering power of attorney documents in another context – durable powers of attorney authorizing an Agent to make health care decision for the Principal. Medicare requirements have greatly expanded use of such advance directives. Thus, pharmacists may encounter these documents with both professional and personal issues. Types of power of attorney documents are reviewed with the differences highlighted. A variety of legal requirements that may apply are discussed and situations where such documents may prove helpful are listed. Issues related to the Agent are discussed, because pharmacists may find themselves in this role or in the role of advising someone selecting an Agent. How to revoke such legal documents is described as well.
Medication Reconciliation and Community Pharmacy; Drug Name Alerts; Another ADC Stocking Error; Unsafe Marketing Practice
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: August 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Ondansetron: Postanesthetic Shivering
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: August 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Newmod+, a New Version of the Newmod Program for Interpreting X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns from Interstratified Clay Minerals
Authors: Yuan Hongji , Bish David L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNEWMOD was developed by R.C. Reynolds, Jr., for the study of two-component interstratifications of clay minerals. One-dimensional X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of an interstratified system of two clay minerals can be simulated using NEWMOD, given a set of parameters that describes instrumental factors, the chemical composition of the system (e.g. the concentration of Fe and interlayer cations), and structural parameters (e.g. proportions of the two components, the nature of ordering, and crystallite size distribution). NEWMOD has served as the standard method for quantitatively evaluating interstratified clay minerals for >20 y. However, the efficiency and accuracy of quantitative analysis using NEWMOD have been limited by the graphical user interface (GUI), by the lack of quantitative measures of the goodness-of-fit between the experimental and simulated XRD patterns, and by inaccuracies in some structure models used in NEWMOD. To overcome these difficulties, NEWMOD+ was coded in Visual C++ using the NEWMOD architecture, incorporating recent progress in the structures of clay minerals into a more user-friendly GUI, greatly facilitating efficient and accurate fitting. Quantitative fitting parameters (unweighted R-factor, Rp, weighted R-factor, Rwp, expected R-factor, Rexp, and chisquare, χ2) are included, along with numerous other features such as a powerful series generator, which greatly simplifies the generation of multiple simulations and makes NEWMOD+ particularly valuable for teaching.
Use of Natural and Modified Magadiite As Adsorbents to Remove Th(IV), U(VI), and Eu(III) from Aqueous Media — Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Study
Authors: Guerra Denis L. , Ferrreira Josane N. , Pereira Mário J. , Viana Rúbia R. , Airoldi Claudio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe contamination of aquatic environments by toxic metals such as radionuclides is of great concern because of the tendency of those metals to accumulate in the vital organs of humans and animals, causing severe health problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of natural and modified magadiite clay as an adsorbent to remove Th(IV), U(VI), and Eu(III) from aqueous solutions. Magadiite from the Amazon region, Brazil, was modified chemically with 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (MTTZ) using a multi-step or heterogeneous synthesis pathway. The natural and modified materials were characterized using 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen gas adsorption, and elemental analysis. The physical-chemical properties of the chemically modified magadiite sample were modified, e.g. the specific surface area changed from 35.0 to 678.9 m2 g−1. The ability of the magadiite to remove Th(IV), U(VI), and Eu(III) from aqueous solution was then tested by a series of adsorption isotherms adjusted to a Sips equation. The effects of properties such as pH, contact time, and metal concentration on the adsorption capacity were studied. The adsorption maxima were determined to be 7.5 × 10−3, 9.8 × 10−3, and 12.9 × 10−3 mmol g−1 for Th(IV), U(VI), and Eu(III), respectively. From calorimetric determinations, the quantitative thermal effects for all these cations/basic center interactions gave exothermic enthalpy, negative Gibbs free energy, and positive entropy, confirming the energetically favorable conditions of such interactions at the solid/liquid interface for all systems.
New Template Effect in Hydrotalcite Synthesis. Nodular vs. Layered Morphologies
Authors: Sommer Alicia E. , Fetter Geolar , Bosch Pedro , Lara Victor H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe morphology of hydrotalcites determines their use in catalysis, biomedicine, or adsorption as they may work as anion exchangers or as drug deliverers. In catalysis, reagents need access to as much surface area as possible; in biomedicine, drugs have to be encapsulated. However, the parameters and the mechanisms which direct the synthesis towards a certain morphology are not well understood. Precipitating agents or crystallization conditions are expected to play a crucial role. In the present study, hydrotalcites were synthesized in the presence of two precipitating agents (NaOH or NH4OH) under three different crystallization conditions (conventional, microwave, or ultrasound irradiation) which determined the morphology of the final product, layered or vesicular. The features are explained through the template effect of the liberated gases on the co-precipitation and crystallization processes and consequently on the final structure/morphology of the synthesized solids. Indeed, the nodular particles crystallize using the effluent gases as templates. Fractal dimension and particle-size distributions, determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and gas adsorption are compared and correlated to the presence of ammonium. Although the materials obtained are heterogeneous, it is possible to propose a microscopic geode model.
Precipitation and Transformation of Secondary Fe Oxyhydroxides in a Histosol Impacted by Runoff from a Lead Smelter
Authors: Gao Xiaodong , Schulze Darrell G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSecondary Fe(III) oxyhydroxides play a key role in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of trace metals in acidic, sulfate-rich soils, such as mining and smelter sites. Schwertmannite, jarosite, goethite, and ferrihydrite are the most common mineral phases identified in such soils. A good understanding of the precipitation and transformation of these minerals in soils is very important for predicting the mobility and long-term stability of trace metals associated with them. In the present study, bulk powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), synchrotron based micro- X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD), and micro X-ray fluorescence (µ-SXRF) spectroscopy were used to investigate precipitates fromthe surface horizon of an organic soil (Histosol) at a site that once contained a lead smelter. Soil samples were collected from 0 to ≈10 cm depth during both wet and dry seasons. Goethite and akaganeite were identified as the major mineral phases in this soil. Schwertmannite and jarosite were also occasionally identified, particularly in the soil samples from dry periods. The peaks in the akaganeite XRD pattern were significantly broadened and the relative intensities of some major peaks were distinctly different compared with the diffraction pattern of synthetic akaganeite, possibly due to the effects of pH and the incorporation of sulfate. The SEM and µ-XRD data support the hypothesis that the goethite in the precipitates is not the product of direct precipitation froms olution but the transformation of previously precipitated schwertmannite or akaganeite.
Illitization of Early Paleozoic K-Bentonites in the Baltic Basin: Decoupling of Burial- and Fluid-Driven Processes
Authors: Somelar Peeter , Kirsimäe Kalle , Hints Rutt , Kirs Juho 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mineralogical characteristics of Ordovician and Silurian K-bentonites in the Baltic Basin were investigated in order to understand better the diagenetic development of these sediments and to link illitization with the tectonothermal evolution of the Basin. The driving mechanisms of illitization in the Baltic Basin are still not fully understood. The organic material thermal alteration indices are in conflict with the illite content in mixed-layer minerals. The clay fraction of the bentonites is mainly characterized by mixed-layered illite-smectite and kaolinite except in the Upper Ordovician Katian K-bentonites where mixed-layer chlorite-smectite (corrensite) occurs. The variation in expandability plus other geological data suggest that the illitization of Ordovician and Silurian K-bentonites in the Baltic Basin was controlled by a combination of burial and fluid driven processes. The illitization in the south and southwest sectors of the basin was effected mainly by burial processes. The influence of the burial process decreases with decreasing maximum burial towards the central part of the basin. The advanced illitization of the shallowburied succession in the north and northwest sectors of the basin was enhanced by the prolonged flushing of K-rich fluids in relation to the latest phase of development of the Scandinavian Caledonides ≈420–400 Ma.
Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Optimism and Health and Their Interrelation: A Study of Australian and Swedish Twins
Authors: Mosing Miriam A. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Martin Nicholas G. , Wright Margaret J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOptimism has a positive influence on mental and somatic health throughout lifetime and into old age. This association is mainly due to shared genetic influences, with some indication of sex differences in the heritability of these and related traits (e.g., depression and subjective wellbeing). Here we extend our initial study of Australian twins by combining with data available from Swedish twins, in order to increase the power to explore potential sex differences in the genetic architecture of optimism, mental and self-rated health and their covariation. Optimism, mental, and self-rated health were measured in 3053 Australian (501 identical female (MZf), 153 identical male (MZm), 274 non-identical female (DZf), 77 non-identical male (DZm), and 242 non-identical opposite-sex twin pairs, and 561 single twins; mean age 60.97 ± 8.76), and 812 Swedish (71 MZf, 53 MZm, 93 DZf and 67 DZm twin pairs, and 244 single twins; mean age 60 ± 14.3) twin individuals using the Life Orientation Test (LOT), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a single-item self-rating of overall health, respectively. In females all three traits were moderately heritable (.27–.47), whereas in males heritability was substantially lower (.08–.19), but genetic modeling showed that sex differences were not significant. The absence of significant sex differences, despite the consistent trend across the two cohorts, is likely due to a lack of power, raising the importance for future studies, on the same or similar traits, to utilize large samples and to keep the possibility of sex differences in mind when conducting their analyses.
The Family History Method in Disordered Gambling Research: A Comparison of Reports Obtained from Discordant Twin Pairs
Authors: Slutske Wendy S. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Ellingson Jarrod M. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine potential biases in family history reports of problem gambling and gambling frequency. Same-sex twin pairs discordant for a history of problem (n= 230 pairs) and pathological gambling (n= 48 pairs) and for three indexes of gambling frequency (ever gambling, monthly gambling, and weekly gambling;n= 44–517 pairs) were identified from a large Australian national twin study. The problem gambling affected twin was significantly more likely to endorse paternal problem gambling than the problem gambling unaffected cotwin (OR = 5.5), and similar findings were obtained for family history reports of gambling frequency (OR = 2.0–2.8). These results could not be explained by differences between the discordant pairs in whether they had spent time gambling with the parents; there was no association between a history of problem, monthly or weekly gambling and having gambled with the parents among discordant twin pairs. The results of this study suggest that relying solely on family history assessments of disordered gambling and gambling involvement can lead to incorrect estimates of the strength of the family history effect.
Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms in Adolescent and Adult Twins
Authors: Pergadia Michele L. , Agrawal Arpana , Heath Andrew C. , Martin Nicholas G. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Madden Pamela A. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examined the variation and heritability of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal (NW) in adult and adolescent male and female twin cigarette smokers (who reported smoking 100 or more cigarettes lifetime). Telephone diagnostic interviews were completed with 3,112 Australian adult male and female smokers (53% women; age: 24–36) and 702 Missouri adolescent male and female smokers (59% girls; age: 15–21). No gender or cohort differences emerged in rates of meeting criteria for NW (44%). Latent class analyses found that NW symptoms were best conceptualized as a severity continuum (three levels in adults and two levels in adolescents). Across all groups, increasing NW severity was associated with difficulty quitting, impairment following cessation, heavy smoking, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder and problems with alcohol use. NW was also associated with seeking smoking cessation treatment and with smoking persistence in adults. The latent class structure of NW was equally heritable across adult and adolescent smokers with additive genetic influences accounting for 49% of the variance and the remaining 51% of variance accounted for by unique environmental influences. Overall, findings suggest remarkable similarity in the pattern and heritability of NW across adult and adolescent smokers, and highlight the important role of NW in psychiatric comorbidity and the process of smoking cessation across both age groups.
Association Between Twin Discordance at 6–9 Weeks' of Gestation and Birthweight Complications
Authors: Palmer Kirsten , Delpachitra Pavitra , Onwude Joseph , Rombauts Luk , Meagher Simon , Tong Stephen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwins achieved through in-vitro fertilisation often undergo a viability ultrasound at 6–9 weeks of gestation. The presence of inter-twin crown-rump length discordance at this stage is not an uncommon finding; however the clinical significance of this is unknown. We analyzed 218 dichorionic twin pregnancies, producing two live fetuses > 24 weeks gestation, to determine whether inter-twin discordance (≥ 85th centile) in the mid-first trimester was associated with birthweight discordance (> 20%), or small for gestational age (< 10th centile). The incidence of birthweight discordance and small for gestational age infants were determined, with no increased risk found for the discordant population. This may provide some reassurance to treating clinicians.