bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CwJAZ4/9 negatively regulates jasmonate‐mediated biosynthesis of terpenoids through interacting with CwMYC2 and confers salt tolerance in Curcuma wenyujin
Authors: Wang Xin‐yi , Zhu Ning‐ning , Yang Jia‐shun , Zhou Dan , Yuan Shu‐ton , Pan Xiao‐jun , Jiang Cheng‐xi , Wu Zhi‐gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN (JAZ) genes play crucial roles in regulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and stressful responses. However, understanding of JAZs controlling these biological processes lags due to numerous JAZ copies. Here, we found that two leaf‐specific CwJAZ4/9 genes from Curcuma wenyujin are strongly induced by methyl‐jasmonate (MeJA) and negatively correlated with terpenoid biosynthesis. Yeast two‐hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging and in vitro pull‐down assays confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 proteins interact with CwMYC2 to form the CwJAZ4/9‐CwMYC2 regulatory cascade. Furthermore, transgenic hairy roots showed that CwJAZ4/9 acts as repressors of MeJA‐induced terpenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting the terpenoid pathway and jasmonate response, thus reducing terpenoid accumulation. In addition, we revealed that CwJAZ4/9 decreases salt sensitivity and sustains the growth of hairy roots under salt stress by suppressing the salt‐mediated jasmonate responses. Transcriptome analysis for MeJA‐mediated transgenic hairy root lines further confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 negatively regulates the terpenoid pathway genes and massively alters the expression of genes related to salt stress signaling and responses, and crosstalks of multiple phytohormones. Altogether, our results establish a genetic framework to understand how CwJAZ4/9 inhibits terpenoid biosynthesis and confers salt tolerance, which provides a potential strategy for producing high‐value pharmaceutical terpenoids and improving resistant C. wenyujin varieties by a genetic approach.
Violence on social networks related to the body image of young women and its repercussions on health
Authors: García‐Carpintero Muñoz Maria Ángeles , Tarriño‐Concejero Lorena , de Diego‐Cordero Rocio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSocial networking sites perpetuate gender stereotypes, inequalities, and gender violence, generating adverse health effects.MethodsThis study aimed to analyze the relationship between Instagram, alcohol consumption and effects on health, through interviews and discussion groups involving adolescents (high school or university students and workers), during the period from the third to the sixth wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 118 individuals participated in the study. Three coding clusters were identified: (1) Inequality in the representation of men and women on SNSs; (2) Violence towards women's bodies and sexual violence on SNSs; and (3) Health problems derived from violence against women's body image on SNSs. The main focus of our analysis was the exhibition of the female body, in which eroticization of the body prevails and gender roles are perpetuated. Violence is generated towards women in the form of misogynistic attacks for daring to challenge conventional stereotypes. Many interviewees coincide that the main health effects include low self‐esteem, anxiety and eating disorders.ConclusionsThe institutional response to the abuses and violence committed on SNSs against women is weak, and public policies are needed to protect women in these environments where they are especially vulnerable.
Comparative analysis of ocular biometry, ocular protrusion, and palpebral fissure dimensions in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dog breeds
Authors: Rujirekasuwan Nuanwan , Sattasathuchana Panpicha , Theerapan Wutthiwong , Thengchaisri Naris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study compared skull morphology and ocular parameters in brachycephalic (BC, n = 16) and nonbrachycephalic (NB, n = 16) dogs using head CT scans. The results of a Schirmer tear test I (STT I), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, external structure, ocular protrusion, and palpebral fissure dimensions were evaluated and compared between BC and NB dogs. There were no statistically significant differences in the STT I results, IOP, globe dimensions, globe volume, internal structure, and external structure between BC and NB dogs (P > .05). Brachycephalic dogs exhibited significantly greater ocular protrusion and significantly larger palpebral fissure dimensions compared with NB dogs. For all dogs, we found a strong positive correlation between globe volume and body weight (r = 0.836, P = .0000). The globe volumes, external structure parameters, and ocular protrusion were normalized by body weight and were also significantly larger in BC dogs compared with NB dogs (P < .001). The ocular protrusion (r = 0.521, P < .0000) and horizontal palpebral fissure (r = 0.372, P = .0024) showed a moderate positive correlation with the cephalic index (CI). Additionally, normalized globe volume (r = 0.435, P = .0003), normalized orbital depth (r = 0.419, P = .0005), and normalized retrobulbar depth (r = 0.444, P = .0002) had a moderate positive correlation with the CI. The study emphasizes how the distinctive skull structure of BC dogs, with shortened facial bones and thickened retrobulbar soft tissue, influences their ocular appearance and raises the risk of eye problems.
Conflict‐free hypergraph matchings
Authors: Glock Stefan , Joos Felix , Kim Jaehoon , Kühn Marcus , Lichev Lyuben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA celebrated theorem of Pippenger, and Frankl and Rödl states that every almost‐regular, uniform hypergraph with small maximum codegree has an almost‐perfect matching. We extend this result by obtaining a conflict‐free matching, where conflicts are encoded via a collection of subsets . We say that a matching is conflict‐free if does not contain an element of as a subset. Under natural assumptions on , we prove that has a conflict‐free, almost‐perfect matching. This has many applications, one of which yields new asymptotic results for so‐called ‘high‐girth’ Steiner systems. Our main tool is a random greedy algorithm which we call the ‘conflict‐free matching process’.
Analytical Study on the Buckling of Cylindrical Shells With Circumferential Thickness Variation Under Varying External Pressure
Authors: Yang Licai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, the analytical buckling load coefficient formula for a cylinder with circumferential thickness variation subjected to varying external pressure is established for the first time by developing a quadratic perturbation method. Based on the presented formula, some specific examples that consider either circumferential shell thickness variation or varying lateral pressure are studied and compared with those in the published literature. First, classical cosine thickness variation is analyzed. The computed results of buckling load coefficients indicate that most of differences between the proposed formula and finite element (FE) analyses in previous literature are less than 5%. Second, wind-type pressure load is discussed, and the maximum difference of predicted buckling load coefficients between our formula and results in published article is 2.3%. Third, both circumferential thickness variation and linear liquid pressure are analyzed by the proposed analytical formula and validated by the Galerkin method when both thickness and load variations are small. Therefore, accuracy and reliability of the established formula are validated. For the purpose of engineering application, buckling of a circular shell with local circumferential thickness variation due to weld shrinkage under wind-type pressure is analytically investigated. The effects of thickness variation amplitude, load parameter, half angle of thickness variation, and shell dimensions on buckling load coefficients are studied in detail.
Status Quo and Gap Analysis of Heliostat Field Deployment Processes for Concentrating Solar Tower Plants
Authors: Sment Jeremy , Zolan Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Deployment of the solar field of a concentrating solar power plant is one of many factors that are integral to the success of a project. Knowledge transfer from outside the industry is limited due to the unique nature of heliostats, which redirect sunlight to a receiver with high precision while maintaining a high level of reflectivity. Moreover, learning from project to project can be limited due to the site-specific nature of projects, as the market includes several developers, each with their own unique design. In this paper, we discuss the state of the art in heliostat field deployment. We cover all the key aspects of deployment from project assessment to a fully functioning system, which include site selection, layout development, supply chain, assembly, site preparation and construction, calibration, and operations and maintenance. We then perform a gap analysis on field deployment and recommend priorities for future research.
Exploring the pediatric nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota with culture-based MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and targeted metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Pol Sreymom , Kallonen Teemu , Mäklin Tommi , Sar Poda , Hopkins Jill , Soeng Sona , Miliya Thyl , Ling Clare L. , Bentley Stephen D. , Corander Jukka , Turner Paul 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The nasopharynx is an important reservoir of disease-associated and antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species. This proof-of-concept study assessed the utility of a combined culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and targeted metagenomic sequencing workflow for the study of the pediatric nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota. Nasopharyngeal swabs and clinical metadata were collected from Cambodian children during a hospital outpatient visit and then biweekly for 12 weeks. Swabs were cultured on chocolate and blood-gentamicin agar, and all colony morphotypes were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Metagenomic sequencing was done on a scrape of all colonies from a chocolate agar culture and processed using the mSWEEP pipeline. One hundred one children were enrolled, yielding 620 swabs. MALDI-TOF MS identified 106 bacterial species/40 genera: 20 species accounted for 88.5% (2,190/2,474) of isolates. Colonization by
Moraxella catarrhalis
(92.1% of children on ≥1 swab),
Haemophilus influenzae
(87.1%), and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(83.2%) was particularly common. In
S. pneumoniae
-colonized children, a median of two serotypes [inter-quartile range (IQR) 1–2, range 1–4] was detected. For the 21 bacterial species included in the mSWEEP database and identifiable by MALDI-TOF, detection by culture + MALDI-TOF MS and culture + mSWEEP was highly concordant with a median species-level agreement of 96.9% (IQR 86.8%–98.8%). mSWEEP revealed highly dynamic lineage-level colonization patterns for
S. pneumoniae
which were quite different to those for
S. aureus
. A combined culture, MALDI-TOF MS, targeted metagenomic sequencing approach for the exploration of the young child nasopharyngeal microbiome was technically feasible, and each component yielded complementary data.

IMPORTANCE
The human upper respiratory tract is an important source of disease-causing and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, understanding the interactions and stability of these bacterial populations is technically challenging. We used a combination of approaches to determine colonization patterns over a 3-month period in 101 Cambodian children. The combined approach was feasible to implement, and each component gave complementary data to enable a better understanding of the complex patterns of bacterial colonization.
Comparison of gastric inflammation and metaplasia induced by
Helicobacter pylori
or
Helicobacter felis
colonization in mice
Authors: Druffner Sara R. , Venkateshwaraprabu Shrinidhi , Khadka Stuti , Duncan Benjamin C. , Morris Maeve T. , Sen-Kilic Emel , Damron Fredrick H. , Liechti George W. , Busada Jonathan T. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in the world. Infection by the bacteria
Helicobacter pylori
(HP) is associated with approximately 75% of gastric cancer cases. HP infection induces chronic gastric inflammation, damaging the stomach and fostering carcinogenesis. Most mechanistic studies on gastric cancer initiation are performed in mice and utilize either mouse-adapted strains of HP or the natural mouse pathogen
Helicobacter felis
(HF). Here, we identified the differences in gastric inflammation, atrophy, and metaplasia associated with HP and HF infection in mice. PMSS1 HP strain or the CS1 HF strain were co-cultured with mouse peritoneal macrophages to assess their immunostimulatory effects. HP and HF induced similar cytokine production from cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages revealing that both bacteria exhibit similar immunostimulatory effects
in vitro
. Next, C57BL/6J mice were infected with HP or HF and were assessed 2 months post-infection. HP-infected mice caused modest inflammation within both the gastric corpus and antrum, and did not induce significant atrophy within the gastric corpus. In contrast, HF induced significant inflammation throughout the gastric corpus and antrum. Moreover, HF infection was associated with significant atrophy of the chief and parietal cell compartments and induced the expression of pyloric metaplasia (PM) markers. HP is poorly immunogenic compared to HF. HF induces dramatic CD4+ T cell activation, which is associated with increased gastric cancer risk in humans. Thus, HP studies in mice are better suited for studies on colonization, while HF is more strongly suited for studies on the effects of gastric inflammation on tumorigenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Mouse infection models with
Helicobacter
species are widely used to study
Helicobacter
pathogenesis and gastric cancer initiation. However,
Helicobacter pylori
is not a natural mouse pathogen, and mouse-adapted
H. pylori
strains are poorly immunogenic. In contrast,
Helicobacter felis
is a natural mouse pathogen that induces robust gastric inflammation and is often used in mice to investigate gastric cancer initiation. Although both bacterial strains are widely used, their disease pathogenesis in mice differs dramatically. However, few studies have directly compared the pathogenesis of these bacterial species in mice, and the contrasting features of these two models are not clearly defined. This study directly compares the gastric inflammation, atrophy, and metaplasia development triggered by the widely used PMSS1
H. pylori
and CS1
H
. felis strains in mice. It serves as a useful resource for researchers to select the experimental model best suited for their studies.
Climatic controls on water-mass chemistry in a Paleocene lacustrine setting, Subei Basin, eastern China
Authors: Liu Yang , Yun Lu , Jin Zhijun , He Xipeng , Gao Yuqiao , Zan Ling , Hua Caixia , Tang Xuan , Zhang Rui , Poulton Simon W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Paleocene epoch was characterized by global climate fluctuations and major carbon-cycle perturbations. During the greenhouse climate that characterized the early Cenozoic, a short-lived late Paleocene global cooling event has been recognized from marine records. However, the response of the terrestrial system to this climate cooling event is poorly understood. Here, we present major- and trace-element analyses, iron speciation systematics, carbonate carbon isotope data, and mineralogical observations from lacustrine sediments in Member II of the Paleocene Funing Formation (E1f2), utilizing well-preserved drill core from the Subei Basin, eastern China. Both chemical (chemical index of alteration [CIA], Al/K ratios) and mineralogical (mineralogical index of alteration, clay/feldspar ratios) proxies yield consistent weathering and paleoclimatic interpretations, suggesting a transition from cool and arid climatic conditions to warmer and more humid climatic conditions. Correlation of carbon isotopes between the Subei Basin and deep-sea records implies that this terrestrial setting records the short-lived Paleocene climate cooling event. The combination of climate records and paleosalinity proxies (B/Ga and S/total organic carbon [TOC]) indicates a relatively high-salinity water column (brackish to saline) under cool and arid climatic conditions in the Subei Basin, suggesting that elevated salinity was likely produced via net-evaporative conditions, rather than marine incursions. A shift toward less saline brackish conditions up section reflects an increase in precipitation and freshwater runoff under warmer and more humid climatic conditions. Iron speciation and redox-sensitive trace-metal systematics reveal fluctuating redox conditions, from oxic through to anoxic ferruginous, but with the distinct development of better ventilated conditions as freshwater inputs increased under more humid conditions. Our findings demonstrate the sensitivity of terrestrial climate to the late Paleocene climate cooling event and further reveal the chemical response of a lacustrine setting to a cooling episode in a greenhouse world.
Evaluation of the SCAT 5 tool in the assessment of concussion in Para athletes: a Delphi study
Authors: Dyer Bryce , Ahmed Osman Hassan , Dahlén Sara , Dalton Kristin , Derman Wayne , Donaldson Amber , Fagher Kristina , Lexell Jan , Pinheiro Larissa , Van de Vliet Peter , Weiler Richard , Webborn Nick 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate if the sport concussion assessment tool version 5 (SCAT5) could be suitable for application to Para athletes with a visual impairment, a spinal cord injury, or a limb deficiency.MethodsA 16-member expert panel performed a Delphi technique protocol. The first round encompassed an open-ended questionnaire, with round 2 onwards being composed of a series of closed-ended statements requiring each expert’s opinion using a five-point Likert scale. A predetermined threshold of 66% was used to decide whether agreement had been reached by the panel.ResultsThe Delphi study resulted in a four-round process. After round 1, 92 initial statements were constructed with 91 statements obtaining the targeted level of agreement by round 4. The expert panellist completion rate of the full four-round process was 94%. In the case of athletes with a suspected concussion with either limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries, the panel agreed that a baseline assessment would be needed on record is ideal before a modified SCAT5 assessment. With respect to visual impairments, it was conceded that some tests were either difficult, infeasible or should be omitted entirely depending on the type of visual impairment.ConclusionIt is proposed that the SCAT5 could be conducted on athletes with limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries with some minor modifications and by establishing a baseline assessment to form a comparison. However, it cannot be recommended for athletes with visual impairment in its current form. Further research is needed to determine how potential concussions could be more effectively evaluated in athletes with different impairments.
Geospatial variation of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants among mothers of infants under 6 months in Ethiopia: spatial and geographical weighted regression analysis
Authors: Yismaw Getaneh Awoke , Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. However, the spatial variation of EBF and the associated factors have not been studied as much as we have searched. This study aimed at assessing geospatial variation and the predictors of EBF using geographically weighted regression.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2019 Mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data set. The study used a total weighted sample of 548 infants. Hotspot spatial analysis showed the hotspot and cold spot areas of EBF. The spatial distribution of EBF was interpolated for the target population using spatial interpolation analysis. SaTScan V.9.6 software was used to detect significant clusters. Ordinary least squares regression analysis identified significant spatial predictors. In geographically weighted regression analysis, the effect of predictor variables on the spatial variation of EBF was detected using local coefficients.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of EBF in Ethiopia was 58.97% (95% CI 52.67% to 64.99%), and its spatial distribution was found to be clustered (global Moran’s I=0.56, p<0.001). Significant hotspot areas were located in Amhara, Tigray, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, and Somali regions, while significant cold spots were located in Dire Dawa, Addis Ababa and Oromia regions. Kulldorff’s SaTScan V.9.6 was used to detect significant clusters of EBF using a 50% maximum cluster size per population. The geographically weighted regression model explained 35.75% of the spatial variation in EBF. The proportions of households with middle wealth index and married women were significant spatial predictors of EBF.ConclusionMiddle wealth index and married women were significant spatial predictors of EBF. Our detailed map of EBF hotspot areas will help policymakers and health programmers encourage the practice of EBF in hotspot areas and set national and regional programmes focused on improving EBF in cold spots by considering significant predictor variables.
Hospital-admitted drowning in Victoria, Australia, before and after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Matthews Bernadette , Calverley Hannah , Abrahams Jonathan , Peden Amy E 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo examine trends in hospitalisation following drowning in Victoria, Australia, before and after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignRetrospective analysis of administrative hospital admission records.SettingHospital admissions recorded in the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset.ParticipantsHospital-admitted patients with ≥1 drowning-related International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification diagnosis code.Main outcome measuresIncidence and incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95% CIs) of hospital-admitted drowning that occurred before (July 2017 to June 2019), during (July 2019 to June 2021) and after (July 2021 to June 2022) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThere were 736 hospital admissions related to drowning in the study period; the incidence was 2.6 per 100 000 population pre-COVID-19 and dropped to 2.0 per 100 000 during (2019/2020–2020/2021) and after (2021/2022) the onset of the pandemic. Among Victorian residents, drowning was positively associated with younger age, male sex and regional/remote residence. Drowning was negatively associated with the onset of COVID-19 (IRR 0.76 (0.64, 0.90)) as well as the post-COVID-19 period (0.78 (0.64, 0.97)), compared with pre-COVID-19. Natural water drowning rates were consistently higher than pool or bathtub drowning rates. Pool or bathtub drowning rates decreased with the onset of COVID-19; no significant change was observed in the natural water drowning rate.Conclusion(s)Pool and bathtub drowning rates declined since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite more time spent at home, while natural water drowning rates remained consistently high. Hospital admissions provide a valuable data source for monitoring of drowning, which is crucial to ensure a targeted, evidence-based approach to mitigate drowning risk.