bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Awareness, Attitude and Practices of Materiovigilance amongst Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chalasani Sri Harsha , Attri Lakshay Kumar , BJ Subhash Chandra , Ramesh Madhan , Syed Jehath , Pal Nikita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The healthcare sector is laden with life-saving medical equipment, and the rate and pattern of medical-device-induced adverse events are more alarming for patient safety. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) lack an adequate understanding of and underreported medical device-associated adverse events (MDAEs) observed in the literature review. The present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of materiovigilance among HCPs.
Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional, self-administered, validated questionnaire-based study was conducted on HCPs. A 15-item questionnaire comprising the knowledge, attitude, and awareness domains of Materiovigilance was given to the volunteers, and their responses were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 49 responses were collected from different HCPs from distinct professional and demographic backgrounds, where the majority of the respondents [n = 26 (53%)] were males; the majority of them belonged to the age group of 20-25years [n = 21 (42%)], and [n = 30 (61%)] belonged to the group of 0–3 years in terms of their experience. Among them, the highest percentage of 30 (61.2%) of the personnel (physicians, clinical pharmacists, biomedical engineers, and nurses) were involved in detecting and reporting MDAEs in a hospital setting, and 13 (26.5%) of them responded to promote and enhance patient safety by improving device manufacturing and opined the purpose of the Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI).
Conclusion
Despite inadequate knowledge and practice of Materiovigilance among HCPs, their attitude towards Materiovigilance was reassuring. Therefore, MDAEs require meticulous patient monitoring, and workshops, seminars, and training sessions on Materiovigilance are needed for HCPs to enhance the detection, handling, and reporting of MDAEs for the sake of patient care.
Estimation of real and complex roots of cubic polynomials using quadratics
Authors: Othman Slim Ben , Bagul Yogesh J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We present here a new method to estimate the solution of a cubic equation with real and complex coefficients. Our method is based on a derived quadratic from the original cubic allowing a reliable evaluation of the roots through a few simple and fast steps without needing extended formulae or logarithms. This approach is suitable for engineering applications and scientific research.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 11D25, 12D10, 26C10, 30C15.
Topical Insulin: A Novel Frontier in Ocular Disease Management - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Andrade Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , David Tulio Matos , Rocha Roseanne Montargil , de Oliveira Luís Matos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Background: Ocular surface disorders (OSD) are highly prevalent, affecting millions globally. While conventional treatments offer some level of success, they often fall short in addressing challenging refractory cases. This unmet need has spurred the investigation of novel therapeutic approaches, including the exploration of topical insulin as a potential alternative.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical insulin for OSD management.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for studies investigating the use of topical insulin for ocular conditions. Studies were rigorously selected based on pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessed for methodological quality using established tools. We extracted and analyzed data pertaining to safety, efficacy, and relevant outcomes for meta-analysis, including healing time.
Results: Ten studies (diverse designs: 1 case-control, 3 randomized prospective, 3 retrospective, and 3 double-blind) met the inclusion criteria. These studies explored a range of OSD, including neurotrophic corneal ulcers, persistent epithelial defects, recurrent epithelial erosions, dry eye disease, and postoperative corneal wound healing in diabetic patients. The findings suggest encouraging outcomes for topical insulin across these indications, demonstrating its potential to OSD. A meta-analysis comparing healing times between topical insulin and placebo revealed a statistically significant advantage for the insulin group (Q = 26.81, df = 3, P = 0.000, I² = 96%).
Conclusion: This comprehensive review and meta-analysis provide promising evidence for the therapeutic potential of topical insulin in diverse OSD. While methodological limitations exist, particularly in non-randomized studies, the current body of evidence suggests that topical insulin may offer a safe and effective treatment option for patients with refractory OSD.
Acute Mechanical Bowel Obstruction: Clinical Presentation, Etiology, Management, and Outcome
Authors: Matar Ahmed Iessa , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation and etiology of acute mechanical bowel obstruction while assessing the incidence of complications such as intestinal perforation and necrosis.
Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Al-Thawra General Modern General Hospital (TMGH) in Sana'a, Yemen, spanning the period from October 2022 to October 2023. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with AMBO were enrolled, and comprehensive data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, management strategies, surgical interventions, etiology, complications, and patient outcomes.
Results: The study included 106 patients with AMBO. The majority of patients were male (66.0%), and the most affected age group was 31-60 years (51%). The common presenting symptoms included constipation (90.6%), vomiting (96.2%), and absolute constipation (75.5%). Adhesions were identified as the predominant cause of AMBO (41.5%), followed by hernias and large bowel masses. Surgical intervention was performed in the majority of cases (71.7%), with resection and anastomosis (29.2%) being the most frequently performed procedures. Intraoperative complications included bowel ischemia (17.0%), necrosis (12.3%), and perforation (6.6%). Postoperative complications primarily manifested as wound infections (31.6%). The majority of patients showed improvement and were discharged (89.6%), but the mortality rate was 10.4%.
Conclusion: Our study on AMBO in Yemen found a higher prevalence in males and middle-aged individuals, with small bowel obstruction being more common. Adhesions, hernias, and large bowel masses were identified as the primary causes. Surgical intervention was frequently required, with resection and anastomosis being the most common procedures. Postoperative complications, including wound infections, were observed. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate and generalize the findings of this investigation.
Urban land use, land cover change and urban microclimate dynamics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Demisse Mulugeta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Land surface temperature (LST) increases and urban heat island (UHI) variability are the major urban climatology problems arising in urban development. This study attempts to assess the effects of urban land use and land cover change on microclimate dynamics in Addis Ababa city. Three different sets of remotely sensed data from Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2005) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2021) were used for the study. LSTs were retrieved from Landsat5 TM and Landsat7 ETM + using a mono window, and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS used split window algorithms. Regression and correlation analyses of the LST, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) were performed in SPSS V23. The study also examined the different residential urban morphology types (UMTs) of the LST and NDVI. The selected UMTs included apartments, villas and mud houses. These UMTs are extracted by digitizing them from the Google Earth explorer. The results from this study showed that the proportion of urban green space (UGS) to other LULC types decreased from 120.4 km2 in 1990 to 76.26 km2 in 2021. However, the built-up area increased at a rate of 216.5 km2 (39.03%) from 1990 to 2021. The rapid expansion of built-up land in the study area was the main factor influencing the increase in LST. The residential UMTs exhibited significant differences in mean LSTs and NDVIs. The results indicate that UMT inhibited by Villia had the highest mean NDVI value and that the highest mean LST was observed in Apartment. The results of multiple linear regression analysis clearly indicate that built-up and green vegetation contributed 92.2% of the LST variations in Addis Ababa city. The results of the study indicate that strengthening public participation in urban greening and optimizing the NDVI and NDBI are important strategies for mitigating the effects of microclimate change and that sustaining urban development and providing better quality of life for the urban population are important.
Rare metal concentration features at a caldera type deposit in the Miocene-Quaternary boron-lithium province of North America. Search for analogues
Authors: Pogrebnaia D. A. , Vakhromeev A. G. 
Published: May 2024

The fact that lithium has a wide range of applications in many fields including the production of lithium-ion batteries determines an increased interest in lithium mining. The most common types of lithium raw material sources are underground brines, saline lakes (“salars”), and ore minerals. In 2021, the first and unique deposit of lithium clays was discovered in the McDermitt caldera (Nevada, USA). Its resources are estimated at 13.7 million tons of lithium carbonate with the lithium concentration of 2231 mg/l. The uniqueness of this deposit raises the interest in the formation of model ideas about lithiumclay genesis to search for analogous deposits and explore them. The purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the geological structure and describe the main development periods of the McDermitt caldera. The authors also characterize the potential sources of lithium (felsic igneous rocks and hydrothermal fluids), migration paths of lithium-bearing brines as well as the formation mechanism of clays with a high lithium content (hectorite, illite and smectite). A generalized formation model of this type of deposits is proposed. Particular attention is paid to the role of hydrothermal fluids as a potential additional source of lithium “supply” to the caldera basin. Key criteria characteristic of industrial accumulations of lithium of this type have been formed in order to explore and identify analogous deposits. In conclusion, the authors put forward a hypothesis about the presence of deposits that are analogous to the Thacker Pass in the McDermitt caldera in the lithium province on the Altiplano-Puna plateau in one of the calderas of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, and in Eastern Kamchatka.
Assessing the effects of climate and land-use change on flood recurrence in Kokcha River, Afghanistan
Authors: Shams Hedayatullah , Khan Asif , Haleem Kashif , Mahmood Saqib 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study critically assesses the combined effects of climate and land-use change on flood recurrence in the Kokcha River, Afghanistan, spanning the period from 2010 to 2021 and projecting forward to 2088–2099. Through the application of a bias-corrected model, we achieved high accuracy in temperature and precipitation simulations, with notable NSE values of 0.9 and 0.69, and R2 values of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively. Future streamflow simulations under different scenarios highlight climate change as the major driver influencing flood recurrence in the Kokcha River, contributing to 101.1% of the total variation, while land-use change has a minimal contribution of −1.1%. Our analysis of precipitation, average temperature, and streamflow data reveals significant patterns and changes, with future projections indicating a gradual decline in precipitation levels, mean temperature, and streamflow. Flood frequency analysis for return periods of 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, considering different scenarios, underscores the likelihood of floods of varying magnitudes. Notably, the highest streamflow spikes under both scenarios highlight the impact of futuristic air temperature and precipitation on flood recurrence. The study advocates prioritizing climate change adaptation and resilient land-use strategies to ensure sustainable water resource management, emphasizing the mitigation of potential flood risks.
A statistical model for estimating porosity based on various parameters of flow through porous media
Authors: Kango Rajat , Chandel Abhishish , Shankar Vijay 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Flow through porous media is a process with a momentous impact on the environment. Hydraulic conductivity, which depends on the particle size, shape, and porosity of the media, has applications in different fields of science, e.g., groundwater, seepage, and soil stability. Precise estimation of porosity leads to accurate computation of the hydraulic conductivity of porous media. The present study investigates the effect of particle size on the porosity of porous media, i.e., crushed quartzite, river gravel, marble chips, and sand. The influence of the wall effect on packing and porosity of porous media based on the diameter ratio, i.e., the ratio of permeameter-to-particle size (Dp/dg) has also been investigated. The hydraulic conductivity and the porosity of porous media are observed to increase with an increase in the particle size. The study postulates a dependable relation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity. The experimentally obtained and the model-generated porosity values for crushed quartzite, river gravel, marble chips, and sand range between 0.38–0.42 and 0.37–0.43, respectively. Experimental data have been used to derive a statistical model based on the diameter ratio (5.08 ≤ (Dp/dg) ≤ 254) for estimating the porosity of media. The validation of the statistical model using experimental data establishes the efficacy of the developed model.
Computer-aided Drug Discovery Approaches in the Identification of Anticancer Drugs from Natural Products: A Review
Authors: Priya Muthiah Gnana Ruba , Manisha Jessica , Lazar Lal Prasanth Mercy , Rathore Seema Singh , Solomon Viswas Raja 
Published: May 2024

:
Natural plant sources are essential in the development of several anticancer drugs,
such as vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, camptothecin, etoposide, and
teniposide. However, various chemotherapies fail due to adverse reactions, drug resistance, and
target specificity. Researchers are now focusing on developing drugs that use natural compounds
to overcome these issues. These drugs can affect multiple targets, have reduced adverse
effects, and are effective against several cancer types. Developing a new drug is a highly complex,
expensive, and time-consuming process. Traditional drug discovery methods take up to 15
years for a new medicine to enter the market and cost more than one billion USD. However,
recent Computer Aided Drug Discovery (CADD) advancements have changed this situation.
This paper aims to comprehensively describe the different CADD approaches in identifying anticancer
drugs from natural products. Data from various sources, including Science Direct, Elsevier,
NCBI, and Web of Science, are used in this review. In-silico techniques and optimization
algorithms can provide versatile solutions in drug discovery ventures. The structure-based drug
design technique is widely used to understand chemical constituents' molecular-level interactions
and identify hit leads. This review will discuss the concept of CADD, in-silico tools, virtual
screening in drug discovery, and the concept of natural products as anticancer therapies. Representative
examples of molecules identified will also be provided.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of 5-caffeoylquinic Acid and Ester Analogues
Authors: Dizdar Muamer , Vidic Danijela , Zeljković Sanja Ćavar , Maksimović Milka 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acid with quinic acid, also known as 5-
O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), is a ubiquitous plant constituent that is an important intermediate in
lignin biosynthesis. In some cases, it occurs at surprisingly high levels in the leaves and fruits of
certain higher plants, such as coffee beans. Due to its catechol moiety and an extended side chain
conjugation, it easily forms a resonance-stabilised phenoxy radical, accounting for its powerful antioxidant potential.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to determine if the esterification and methylation of 5-
CQA would enhance its antioxidant activity.

Methods:
Two 5-CQA derivatives were prepared for this study. Chlorogenic acid was esterified with
methanol over Amberlite IR120-H to obtain methyl chlorogenate, while methyl 3',4´-dimethyl
chlorogenate was prepared from 5-CQA by treatment with diazomethane. Spectroscopic methods
confirmed the structure of these derivatives. Their antioxidant properties were tested to establish a
relationship between structure and antioxidant activity.

Results:
Antioxidant activity results were generated for 5-CQA and its ester analogues using eight
different methods. Depending on the method applied, results were expressed as IC50/MCE50 values or
as equivalents of the applied standard (ascorbic acid and Trolox).

Conclusion:
In most of these tests, 5-CQA showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to its
derivatives. Nevertheless, due to their hydrophobic characteristics, their ester analogues remain
promising antioxidant candidates in emulsifying systems.
Lung Cancer Prediction and Classification Using Decision Tree and VGG16 Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Krishna S. Udit , Lakshman A.N Barath , Archana T. , Raja K. , Ayyadurai M. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
A malignant abnormal growth that starts in the tissues of the lungs is called Lung Cancer. It ranks among the most common and lethal cancers globally. Lung Cancer is particularly dangerous because of its aggressive nature and how quickly it can extend to other areas of the body. We propose a two-step verification architecture to check the presence of Lung Cancer. The model proposed by this paper first assesses the patient based on a few questions about the patient's symptoms and medical background. Then, the algorithm determines whether the patient has a low, medium, or high risk of developing lung cancer by diagnosing the response using the “Decision Tree” classification at an accuracy of 99.67%. If the patient has a medium or high risk, we further validate the finding by examining the patient's CT scan image using the “VGG16” CNN model at an accuracy of 92.53%.

Background
One of the key areas of research on Lung Cancer prediction is to identify patients based on symptoms and medical history. Its subjective nature makes it challenging to apply in real-world scenarios. Another research area in this field involves forecasting the presence of cancer cells using CT scan imagery, providing high accuracy. However, it requires physician intervention and is not appropriate for early-stage prediction.

Objective
This research aims to forecast the severity of Lung Cancer by analyzing the patient with a few questions regarding the symptoms and past medical conditions. If the patient has a medium or a high risk, we further examine their CT scan, validate the result and also predict the type of Lung Cancer.

Methodology
This paper uses the “Decision Tree” algorithm and the Customised “VGG16” model of CNN for the implementation. The “Decision Tree” algorithm is used to analyze the answers given by the patient to distinguish the severity of Lung Cancer. We further use Convolution Neural Networks with a Customised “VGG16” model to examine the patient's CT scan image, validate the result and categorize the type of Lung Cancer.

Results
The “Decision Tree” approach for forecasting the severity of lung cancer yields an accuracy of 99.67%. The accuracy of the customized “VGG16” CNN model to indicate the type of Lung Cancer suffered by the patient is 92.53%

Conclusion
This research indicates that our technique provides greater accuracy than the prior approaches for this problem and has extensive use in the prognosis of Lung Cancer.
Bond Strength of Resin Cement Following Biomimetic Remineralization: An in vitro Study
Authors: Alrafee Shaimaa A. , Abdelgawad Asmaa , Ali Menna-Allah Salem , Tamimi Sara 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
This research assessed the efficacy of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont protect) in promoting biomimetic remineralization of dentin, thereby stabilizing the hybrid layer and enhancing the long-lasting of the resin-dentin bond.

Methods
Five premolar teeth were longitudinally sectioned to assess dentin microhardness before and after demineralization, as well as after the application of P11-4 (Curodont protect). For the microtensile test, ten premolar teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes. The teeth were assigned to different groups. Following acid etching and rinsing, samples in control group I received no pretreatment, while the prepared dentin surface of group II was treated with 0.1 mL of P11-4 before the placement of the adhesive restoration. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 ± 2 °C for 24 hours and then underwent thermocycling. The microtensile test was measured, and the type of bond failure was evaluated. The obtained information, expressed in megapascals, was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple post hoc test.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in hardness values after demineralization, followed by a significant increase in hardness after the application of P11-4 (Curodont protect) (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.985). No statistically significant difference was found in the microtensile bond strength between the two groups (p = 0.384, effect size = 0.582). Adhesive-type failure was more commonly observed.

Conclusion
The use of self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont protect) on dentin resulted in higher microhardness than the control group without adversely affecting resin cement bond strength.