bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity, diet and behaviour modification in the treatment of overweight and obese adults: a systematic review
Authors: Söderlund Anne , Fischer Annika , Johansson Titti 
Published: May 2009

Aim: The aim was to extend the body of knowledge through a systematic review that combines the strengths and partly fills the gaps from earlier reviews. The aim is to review randomized controlled trials of the long-term effectiveness of physical exercise/activity with or without diet and/or behaviour modification therapy in terms of training effect, weight loss and improvement of body composition in overweight and obese, healthy adults. Methods: Data for systematic review was collected via a search of databases for literature published between 1995 and 2006. The search yielded 12 articles. Results: The studies showed that training intensity should be moderate. The treatment of overweight and obese individuals with training alone cannot be expected to result in any substantial weight loss but should be combined with diet and behaviour modification therapy. However training can be an important factor in preventing further weight gain, or in helping individuals maintain a lowered body weight. Conclusion: According to this systematic review of randomized controlled trials, the treatment that produced the best weight loss results included a combination of training, behaviour therapy and diet.
Changes in BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight in children in Liverpool, 1998—2006
Authors: Boddy Lynne M , Hackett Allan F , Stratton Gareth 
Published: May 2009

Aims: To investigate changes in mean body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity between 1998 and 2006 in annual cohorts of 9—10-year-old Liverpool schoolchildren. Methods: Stature and body mass data collected at the Liverpool SportsLinx project's fitness testing sessions were available on 26,782 ( n = 13,637 boys, 13,145 girls) participants. BMI was calculated from these data. Results: BMI z-score increased over time ( p < 0.01) in both boys ( z-score range = −0.22—0.14) and girls ( z-score range = -0.2—0.16), with all years showing significantly higher BMI values in comparison to the first two years of the project ( p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the most recent three years of data in boys and girls. Prevalence of obesity, and obesity plus overweight increased over time. However a `levelling off' in prevalence was observed in the most recent three years of data (2003—2006). Conclusions: A substantial number of Liverpool schoolchildren are at risk of obesity-related illness and disease. However the most recent three cohorts' data (2003—2006) suggest that the increasing prevalence of obesity may have slowed; a positive step towards meeting the partnership agreement to halt the year-on-year increase in obesity by 2010.
Differential signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and immune effector functions mediated by FcγRI versus FcγRIIa
Authors: Dai Xilei , Jayapal Manikandan , Tay Hwee Kee , Reghunathan Renji , Lin Gen , Too Chien Tei , Lim Yan Ting , Chan Soh Ha , Kemeny D. Michael , Floto R. Andres , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Melendez Alirio J. , MacAry Paul A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReceptors for the fragment crystallizable region of immunoglobulin-G (FcγRs) play an important role in linking the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response. In this study, we present a comprehensive functional comparison of 2 human Fc-receptors, FcγRI and FcγRIIa. Activation of FcγRI results in a novel signaling cascade that links phospholipase D1 to sphingosine kinase-1 in U937 cells and primary human monocytes. This induces the expression of proinflammatory mediators and is associated with trafficking of immune complexes into human leukocyte antigen-DM positive antigen-processing compartments coupled with improved MHC class II–mediated antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. In contrast, activation of FcγRIIa elicits signaling through phospholipase Cγ1, resulting in increases in intracellular calcium, activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidative burst, and differential membrane trafficking combined with impaired antigen presentation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. These data provide a mechanistic insight into the disparate activities associated with Fc receptors in immunity, namely, reinforcement of immune responses through stimulation of proinflammatory signaling and antigen presentation, versus the maintenance of immunologic homeostasis through the noninflammatory clearance of immune complexes.
Surface antigen phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells from embryos and murine embryonic stem cells
Authors: McKinney-Freeman Shannon L. , Naveiras Olaia , Yates Frank , Loewer Sabine , Philitas Marsha , Curran Matthew , Park Peter J. , Daley George Q. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSurface antigens on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enable prospective isolation and characterization. Here, we compare the cell-surface phenotype of hematopoietic repopulating cells from murine yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros, placenta, fetal liver, and bone marrow with that of HSCs derived from the in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESC-HSCs). Whereas c-Kit marks all HSC populations, CD41, CD45, CD34, and CD150 were developmentally regulated: the earliest embryonic HSCs express CD41 and CD34 and lack CD45 and CD150, whereas more mature HSCs lack CD41 and CD34 and express CD45 and CD150. ESC-HSCs express CD41 and CD150, lack CD34, and are heterogeneous for CD45. Finally, although CD48 was absent from all in vivo HSCs examined, ESC-HSCs were heterogeneous for the expression of this molecule. This unique phenotype signifies a developmentally immature population of cells with features of both primitive and mature HSC. The prospective fractionation of ESC-HSCs will facilitate studies of HSC maturation essential for normal functional engraftment in irradiated adults.
Genetic characterization of TET1, TET2, and TET3 alterations in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Omar , Mullally Ann , Hedvat Cyrus , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Patel Jay , Wadleigh Martha , Malinge Sebastien , Yao JinJuan , Kilpivaara Outi , Bhat Rukhmi , Huberman Kety , Thomas Sabrena , Dolgalev Igor , Heguy Adriana , Paietta Elisabeth , Le Beau Michelle M. , Beran Miloslav , Tallman Martin S. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Stone Richard M. , Gilliland D. Gary , Crispino John D. , Levine Ross L. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Disease alleles that activate signal transduction are common in myeloid malignancies; however, there are additional unidentified mutations that contribute to myeloid transformation. Based on the recent identification of TET2 mutations, we evaluated the mutational status of TET1, TET2, and TET3 in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sequencing of TET2 in 408 paired tumor/normal samples distinguished between 68 somatic mutations and 6 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms and identified TET2 mutations in MPN (27 of 354, 7.6%), CMML (29 of 69, 42%), AML (11 of 91, 12%), and M7 AML (1 of 28, 3.6%) samples. We did not identify somatic TET1 or TET3 mutations or TET2 promoter hypermethylation in MPNs. TET2 mutations did not cluster in genetically defined MPN, CMML, or AML subsets but were associated with decreased overall survival in AML (P = .029). These data indicate that TET2 mutations are observed in different myeloid malignancies and may be important in AML prognosis.
Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from breast milk of women suffering infectious mastitis: potential virulence traits and resistance to antibiotics
Authors: Delgado Susana , Arroyo Rebeca , Jiménez Esther , Marín Maria L , del Campo Rosa , Fernández Leonides , Rodríguez Juan M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Although Staphylococcus aureus is considered the main etiological agent of infectious mastitis, recent studies have suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) may also play an important role in such infections. The aims of this work were to isolate staphylococci from milk of women with lactational mastitis, to select and characterize the CNS isolates, and to compare such properties with those displayed by CNS strains isolated from milk of healthy women.

Results
The milk of 30 women was collected and bacterial growth was noted in 27 of them, of which Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated from 26 patients and S. aureus from 8. Among the 270 staphylococcal isolates recovered from milk of women with mastitis, 200 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis by phenotypic assays, species-specific PCR and PCR sequencing. They were typified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. The PFGE profiles of the S. epidermidis strains were compared with those of 105 isolates from milk of healthy women. A representative of the 76 different PFGE profiles was selected to study the incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The number of strains that contained the biofilm-related icaD gene and that showed resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and mupirocin was significantly higher among the strains isolated from mastitic milk.

Conclusion

S. epidermidis may be a frequent but largely underrated cause of infectious mastitis in lactating women. The resistance to diverse antibiotics and a higher ability to form biofilms found among the strains isolated from milk of women suffering mastitis may explain the chronic and/or recurrent nature of this infectious condition.
piggyBac is an effective tool for functional analysis of the Plasmodium falciparumgenome
Authors: Balu Bharath , Chauhan Chitra , Maher Steven P , Shoue Douglas A , Kissinger Jessica C , Fraser Malcolm J , Adams John H 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Much of the Plasmodium falciparum genome encodes hypothetical proteins with limited homology to other organisms. A lack of robust tools for genetic manipulation of the parasite limits functional analysis of these hypothetical proteins and other aspects of the Plasmodium genome. Transposon mutagenesis has been used widely to identify gene functions in many organisms and would be extremely valuable for functional analysis of the Plasmodium genome.

Results
In this study, we investigated the lepidopteran transposon, piggyBac, as a molecular genetic tool for functional characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Through multiple transfections, we generated 177 unique P. falciparum mutant clones with mostly single piggyBac insertions in their genomes. Analysis of piggyBac insertion sites revealed random insertions into the P. falciparum genome, in regards to gene expression in parasite life cycle stages and functional categories. We further explored the possibility of forward genetic studies in P. falciparum with a phenotypic screen for attenuated growth, which identified several parasite genes and pathways critical for intra-erythrocytic development.

Conclusion
Our results clearly demonstrate that piggyBac is a novel, indispensable tool for forward functional genomics in P. falciparum that will help better understand parasite biology and accelerate drug and vaccine development.
Characterization of the TRBP domain required for Dicer interaction and function in RNA interference
Authors: Daniels Sylvanne M , Melendez-Peña Carlos E , Scarborough Robert J , Daher Aïcha , Christensen Helen S , El Far Mohamed , Purcell Damian FJ , Lainé Sébastien , Gatignol Anne 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Dicer, Ago2 and TRBP are the minimum components of the human RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). While Dicer and Ago2 are RNases, TRBP is the double-stranded RNA binding protein (dsRBP) that loads small interfering RNA into the RISC. TRBP binds directly to Dicer through its C-terminal domain.

Results
We show that the TRBP binding site in Dicer is a 165 amino acid (aa) region located between the ATPase and the helicase domains. The binding site in TRBP is a 69 aa domain, called C4, located at the C-terminal end of TRBP. The TRBP1 and TRBP2 isoforms, but not TRBPs lacking the C4 site (TRBPsΔC4), co-immunoprecipitated with Dicer. The C4 domain is therefore necessary to bind Dicer, irrespective of the presence of RNA. Immunofluorescence shows that while full-length TRBPs colocalize with Dicer, TRBPsΔC4 do not. tarbp2
-/- cells, which do not express TRBP, do not support RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by short hairpin or micro RNAs against EGFP. Both TRBPs, but not TRBPsΔC4, were able to rescue RNAi function. In human cells with low RNAi activity, addition of TRBP1 or 2, but not TRBPsΔC4, rescued RNAi function.

Conclusion
The mapping of the interaction sites between TRBP and Dicer show unique domains that are required for their binding. Since TRBPsΔC4 do not interact or colocalize with Dicer, we suggest that TRBP and Dicer, both dsRBPs, do not interact through bound dsRNA. TRBPs, but not TRBPsΔC4, rescue RNAi activity in RNAi-compromised cells, indicating that the binding of Dicer to TRBP is critical for RNAi function.
Collagen mRNA levels changes during colorectal cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Skovbjerg Hanne , Anthonsen Dorit , Lothe Inger MB , Tveit Kjell M , Kure Elin H , Vogel Lotte K 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Invasive growth of epithelial cancers is a complex multi-step process which involves dissolution of the basement membrane. Type IV collagen is a major component in most basement membranes. Type VII collagen is related to anchoring fibrils and is found primarily in the basement membrane zone of stratified epithelia. Immunohistochemical studies have previously reported changes in steady-state levels of different α(IV) chains in several epithelial cancer types. In the present study we aimed to quantitatively determine the mRNA levels of type IV collagen (α1/α4/α6) and type VII collagen (α1) during colorectal cancer carcinogenesis.

Methods
Using quantitative RT-PCR, we have determined the mRNA levels for α1(IV), α4(IV), α6(IV), and α1(VII) in colorectal cancer tissue (n = 33), adenomas (n = 29) and in normal tissue from the same individuals. In addition, corresponding tissue was examined from healthy volunteers (n = 20). mRNA levels were normalized to β-actin. Immunohistochemical analysis of the distributions of type IV and type VII collagens were performed on normal and affected tissues from colorectal cancer patients.

Results
The α1(IV) and α1(VII) mRNA levels were statistically significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue (p < 0.001) as compared to corresponding tissue from healthy controls. This is an early event as tissue from adenomas also displayed a higher level. There were small changes in the levels of α4(IV). The level of α6(IV) was 5-fold lower in colorectal cancer tissue as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.01). The localisation of type IV and type VII collagen was visualized by immunohistochemical staining.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the down-regulation of α6(IV) mRNA coincides with the acquisition of invasive growth properties, whereas α1(IV) and α1(VII) mRNAs were up-regulated already in dysplastic tissue. There are no differences in collagen expression between tissues from healthy individuals and normal tissues from affected individuals.
Proteomic analysis of the response of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 to nickel stress
Authors: Cheng Zhenyu , Wei Yi-Yun C , Sung Wilson WL , Glick Bernard R , McConkey Brendan J 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Plant growth-promoting bacteria can alleviate the inhibitory effects of various heavy metals on plant growth, via decreasing levels of stress-induced ethylene. However, little has been done to detect any mechanisms specific for heavy metal resistance of this kind of bacteria. Here, we investigate the response of the wild-type plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 to nickel stress using proteomic approaches. The mutant strain P. putida UW4/AcdS-, lacking a functional 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene, was also assessed for its response to nickel stress.

Results
Two dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was used to detect significantly up- or down- regulated proteins (p < 0.05, | ratio | > 1.5) in P. putida in response to the presence of 2 mM Ni. Out of a total number of 1,702 proteins detected on the analytical gels for P. putida UW4, the expression levels of 82 (4.82%) proteins increased significantly while the expression of 81 (4.76%) proteins decreased significantly. Of 1,575 proteins detected on the analytical gels for P. putida UW4/AcdS-, the expression levels of 74 (4.70%) proteins increased and 51 (3.24%) proteins decreased significantly. Thirty-five proteins whose expression was altered were successfully identified by mass spectrometry and sequence comparisons with related species. Nineteen of the identified proteins were detected as differentially expressed in both wild-type and mutant expression profiles.

Conclusion
Functional assessment of proteins with significantly altered expression levels revealed several mechanisms thought to be involved in bacterial heavy metal detoxification, including general stress adaptation, anti-oxidative stress and heavy metal efflux proteins. This information may contribute to the development of plant growth-promoting bacteria mediated phytoremediation processes.
Surgical complications in neuromuscular scoliosis operated with posterior- only approach using pedicle screw fixation
Authors: Modi Hitesh N , Suh Seung-Woo , Yang Jae-Hyuk , Cho Jae Woo , Hong Jae-Young , Singh Surya Udai , Jain Sudeep 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
There are no reports describing complications with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with segmental spinal instrumentation (SSI) using pedicle screw fixation in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis.

Methods
Fifty neuromuscular patients (18 cerebral palsy, 18 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 8 spinal muscular atrophy and 6 others) were divided in two groups according to severity of curves; group I (< 90°) and group II (> 90°). All underwent PSF and SSI with pedicle screw fixation. There were no anterior procedures. Perioperative (within three months of surgery) and postoperative (after three months of surgery) complications were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
There were fifty (37 perioperative, 13 postoperative) complications. Hemo/pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema requiring ICU care, complete spinal cord injury, deep wound infection and death were major complications; while atelectesis, pneumonia, mild pleural effusion, UTI, ileus, vomiting, gastritis, tingling sensation or radiating pain in lower limb, superficial infection and wound dehiscence were minor complications. Regarding perioperative complications, 34(68%) patients had at least one major or one minor complication. There were 16 patients with pulmonary, 14 with abdominal, 3 with wound related, 2 with neurological and 1 cardiovascular complications, respectively. There were two deaths, one due to cardiac arrest and other due to hypovolemic shock. Regarding postoperative complications 7 patients had coccygodynia, 3 had screw head prominence, 2 had bed sore and 1 had implant loosening, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age and increased intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.024). However it did not increased complications or need for ICU care. Similarly intraoperative blood loss > 3500 ml, severity of curve or need of pelvic fixation did not increase the complication rate or need for ICU. DMD patients had higher chances of coccygodynia postoperatively.

Conclusion
Although posterior-only approach using pedicle screw fixation had good correction rate, complications were similar to previous reports. There were few unusual complications like coccygodynia.
Predictors of packed red cell transfusion after isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting – The experience of a single cardiac center: A prospective observational study
Authors: Elmistekawy Elsayed M. , Errett Lee , Fawzy Hosam F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative patients' characteristics can predict the need for perioperative blood component transfusion in cardiac surgical operations. The aim of this prospective observational study is to identify perioperative patient characteristics predicting the need for allogeneic packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations.Patients and Methods105 patients undergoing isolated, first-time CABG were reviewed for their preoperative variables and followed for intraoperative and postoperative data. Patients were 97 males and 8 females, with mean age 58.28 ± 10.97 years. Regression logistic analysis was used for identifying the strongest perioperative predictors of PRBC transfusion.ResultsPRBC transfusion was used in 71 patients (67.6%); 35 patients (33.3%) needed > 2 units and 14 (13.3%) of these needed > 4 units. Univariate analysis identified female gender, age > 65 years, body weight ≤ 70 Kg, BSA ≤ 1.75 m2, BMI ≤ 25, preoperative hemoglobin ≤ 13 gm/dL, preoperative hematocrit ≤ 40%, serum creatinine > 100 μmol/L, Euro SCORE (standard/logistic) > 2, use of CPB, radial artery use, higher number of distal anastomoses, and postoperative chest tube drainage > 1000 mL as significant predictors. The strongest predictors using multivariate analysis were CPB use, hematocrit, body weight, and serum creatinine.ConclusionThe predictors of PRBC transfusion after primary isolated CABG are use of CPB, hematocrit ≤ 40%, weight ≤ 70 Kg, and serum creatinine > 100 μmol/L. This leads to better utilization of blood bank resources and cost-efficient targeted use of expensive blood conservation modalities.
Oxide Glass/Amorphous Metal Alloy Laminated Membrane for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Tawarayama Hiromasa , Hosono Hideo , Yamaura Shin-ichi , Zhang Wei , Inoue Akihisa 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A five-layered membrane composed of an amorphous Ni–Nb–Zr alloy substrate (ca. 30 μm), thin proton–electron mixed conductive tungsten phosphate glass films (ca. 50 nm) and Ni coatings (ca. 20 nm) was fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and vacuum evaporation. A flux of hydrogen passed through the laminated membrane without Pd at 673 K at ca. 2×10−6 mol·cm−2·s−1, and no degradation was observed in the 10 h operation. The present results suggest that amorphous Ni–Nb–Zr alloy passivated with WO3-based oxide glass is a promising material for H2 filtering in a medium temperature range.
A Novel Dodecanuclear Mo–Cu Cluster Derived from [Mo2S2(edt)2(μ-S)2]2− as a Metalloligand: Preparation and Structure of [Mo6(edt)4(μ-edt)2(μ3-S)12Cu6(μ-dppe)2]·2DMF·C6H14 (edt = −SC2H4S−)
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Duan Taike , Zhang Qian-Feng , Leung Wa-Hung 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A novel dodecanuclear Mo–Cu cluster [Mo6(edt)4(μ-edt)2(μ3-S)12Cu6(μ-dppe)2]·2DMF·C6H14 was synthesized by the reaction of [Et4N]2[Mo2S2(edt)2(μ-S)2] (edtH2 = 1,2-ethanedithio) and [Cu(MeCN)4][ClO4] in the presence of bidentate phosphine ligand 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe). The molecular structure consists of one edt-linked double cubane and one single cubane which are linked by two bridging dppe ligands.
Properties of Protic Ionic Liquids Composed of N-Hexylethylenediaminium and N-(2-Ethylhexyl)ethylenediaminium Cations with Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide Anion
Authors: Iida Masayasu , Syouno Emi , Kawakami Sayaka , Hanai Miyuki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We have newly prepared protic ionic liquids (PIL) composed of monoprotic alkylethylenediaminium (alkyl = N-hexyl and N-2-ethylhexyl) cations coupled with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide anion (=TFSA) at room temperature. It is in contrast to the monoprotic N-hexylethylenediaminium (=HexH)TFSA salt which tends to crystallize on cooling that the monoprotic N-(2-ethylhexyl)ethylenediaminium (=EtHexH)TFSA salt assumes only a glassy state in solid. In the liquids, the HexH salt is more fluid than the EtHexH salt.