bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi , Rasch Philip J. , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Hailong , Hagos Samson , Singh Balwinder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean Model component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2‐SOM) and its application to understanding the climate sensitivity to ocean heat transports (OHTs) and CO2 forcing. E3SMv2‐SOM reproduces the baseline climate and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) of the fully coupled E3SMv2 experiments reasonably well, with a pattern correlation close to 1 and a global mean bias of less than 1% of the fully coupled surface temperature and precipitation. Sea ice extent and volume are also well reproduced in the SOM. Consistent with general model behavior, the ECS estimated from the SOM (4.5 K) exceeds the effective climate sensitivity obtained from extrapolation to equilibrium in the fully coupled model (4.0 K). The E3SMv2 baseline climate also shows a large sensitivity to OHT strengths, with a global surface temperature difference of about 4.0°C between high‐/low‐OHT experiments with prescribed forcings derived from fully coupled experiments with realistic/weak ocean circulation strengths. Similar to their forcing pattern, the surface temperature response occurs mainly over the subpolar regions in both hemispheres. However, the Southern Ocean shows more surface temperature sensitivity to high/low‐OHT forcing due to a positive/negative shortwave cloud radiative effect caused by decreases/increases in mid‐latitude marine low‐level clouds. This large temperature sensitivity also causes an overcompensation between the prescribed OHTs and atmosphere heat transports. The SOM's ECS estimate is also sensitive to the prescribed OHT and the associated baseline climate it is initialized from; the high‐OHT ECS is 0.5 K lower than the low‐OHT ECS.
Catastrophic costs incurred by tuberculosis affected households from Thailand’s first national tuberculosis patient cost survey
Authors: Youngkong Sitaporn , Kamolwat Phalin , Wongrot Phichet , Thavorncharoensap Montarat , Chaikledkaew Usa , Nateniyom Sriprapa , Pungrassami Petchawan , Praditsitthikorn Naiyana , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Jittikoon Jiraphun , Nishikiori Nobuyuki , Baena Ines Garcia , Yamanaka Takuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) causes an economic impact on the patients and their households. Although Thailand has expanded the national health benefit package for TB treatment, there was no data on out-of-pocket payments and income losses due to TB from patients and their household perspectives. This national TB patient cost survey was conducted to examine the TB-related economic burden, and assess the proportion of TB patients and their households facing catastrophic total costs because of TB disease. A cross-sectional TB patient cost survey was employed following WHO methods. Structured interviews with a paper-based questionnaire were conducted from October 2019 to July 2021. Both direct and indirect costs incurred from the patient and their household perspective were valued in 2021 and estimated throughout pre- and post-TB diagnosis episodes. We assessed the proportion of TB-affected households facing costs > 20% of household expenditure due to TB. We analyzed 1400 patients including 1382 TB (first-line treatment) and 18 drug-resistant TB patients (DR-TB). The mean total costs per TB episode for all study participants were 903 USD (95% confident interval; CI 771–1034 USD). Of these, total direct non-medical costs were the highest costs (mean, 402 USD, and 95%CI 334–470 USD) incurred per TB-affected household followed by total indirect costs (mean, 393 USD, and 95%CI 315–472 USD) and total direct medical costs (mean, 107 USD, and 95%CI 81–133 USD, respectively. The proportion of TB-affected households facing catastrophic costs was 29.5% (95%CI 25.1–34.0%) for TB (first-line), 61.1% (95%CI 29.6–88.1%) for DR-TB and 29.9% (95%CI 25.6–34.4%) overall. This first national survey highlighted the economic burden on TB-affected households. Travel, food/nutritional supplementation, and indirect costs contribute to a high proportion of catastrophic total costs. These suggest the need to enhance financial and social protection mechanisms to mitigate the financial burden of TB-affected households.
Detection of fucosylated extracellular vesicles miR-4732-5p related to diagnosis of early lung adenocarcinoma by the electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Zhu Shengting , Chen Jianlin , Yu Lili , Li Jiawen , You Shumin , Zheng Yue , Zhuang Wanzhen , Qiu Bin , Huang Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur preliminary investigation has identified the potential of serum fucosylated extracellular vesicles (EVs) miR-4732-5p in the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by a fucose-captured strategy utilizing lentil lectin (LCA)-magnetic beads and subsequent screening of high throughput sequencing and validation of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Considering the relatively complicated procedure, expensive equipment, and stringent laboratory condition, we have constructed an electrochemical biosensor assay for the detection of miR-4732-5p. miR-4732-5p is extremely low in serum, down to the fM level, so it needs to be detected by highly sensitive electrochemical methods based on the Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme splitting nucleic acid lock (NAL) cycle and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification. In this study, signal amplification is achieved through the dual amplification reactions using NAL cycle in combination with HCR. In addition, hybridized DNA strands bind to a large number of methylene blue (MB) molecules to enhance signaling. Based on the above strategy, we further enhance our signal amplification strategies to improve detection sensitivity and accuracy. The implementation of this assay proceeded as follows: initially, miR-4732-5p was combined with NAL, and then Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme splitted NAL to release auxiliary DNA (S1) strands, which were subsequently captured by the immobilized capture probe DNA (C1) strands on the electrode surface. Following this, abundant quantities of DNA1 (H1) and DNA2 (H2) tandems were generated by HCR, and S1 strands then hybridized with the H1 and H2 tandems through base complementary pairing. Finally, MB was bonded to the H1 and H2 tandems through π–π stacking interaction, leading to the generation of a signal current upon the detection of a potential capable of inducing a redox change of MB by the electrode. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of our developed electrochemical biosensor assay. The results demonstrated that our assay is a reliable approach, characterized by its high sensitivity (with a detection limit of 2.6 × 10−17 M), excellent specificity, good accuracy, reproducibility, and stability. Additionally, it is cost-effective, requires simple operation, and is portable, making it suitable for the detection of serum fucosylated extracellular vesicles miR-4732-5p. Ultimately, this development has the potential to enhance the diagnostic efficiency for patients with early-stage LUAD.
Speculative computing for AAFM solutions in large-scale product configurations
Authors: Vidal-Silva Cristian , Duarte Vannessa , Cárdenas-Cobo Jesennia , Veas Iván 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParallel computing is a current algorithmic approach to looking for efficient solutions; that is, to define a set of processes in charge of performing at the same time the same task. Advances in hardware permit the massification of accessibility to and applications of parallel computing. Nonetheless, some algorithms include steps that require or depend on the results of other steps that cannot be parallelized. Speculative computing allows parallelizing those tasks and reviewing different execution flows, which can involve executing invalid steps. Speculative computing solutions should reduce those invalid flows. Product configuration refers to selecting features from a set of available options respecting some configuration constraints; a not complex task for small configurations and models, but a complex one for large-scale scenarios. This article exemplifies a videogame product line feature model and a few configurations, valid and non-valid, respectively. Configuring products of large-scale feature models is a complex and time-demanding task requiring algorithmic solutions. Hence, parallel solutions are highly desired to assist the feature model product configuration tasks. Existing solutions follow a sequential computing approach and include steps that depend on others that cannot be parallelized at all, where the speculative computing approach is necessary. This article describes traditional sequential solutions for conflict detection and diagnosis, two relevant tasks in the automated analysis of feature models, and how to define their speculative parallel version, highlighting their computing improvements. Given the current parallel computing world, we remark on the advantages and current applicability of speculative computing for producing faster algorithmic solutions.
Postoperative liver injury after sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ryu Dae Kyun , Park MiHye , Woo Seunghyeon , Cho Hyun Seong , Min Jeong-Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough sevoflurane is generally considered safe, reports suggest that sevoflurane may cause postoperative liver injury more frequently than previously believed. Therefore, we aimed to compare the incidence of clinically significant postoperative liver injury following non-cardiac surgery between patients who underwent sevoflurane anesthesia and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia. We retrospectively reviewed adult surgical patients from January 2010 to September 2022 who underwent general anesthesia in our center using sevoflurane or propofol over 3 h. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the incidence of postoperative liver injury was compared between the two groups. Out of 58,300 patients reviewed, 44,345 patients were included in the analysis. After propensity score matching, 7767 patients were included in each group. The incidence of postoperative liver injury was 1.4% in the sevoflurane group, which was similar to that in the propofol group (1.6%; p = 0.432). Comparison of the severity of postoperative alanine aminotransferase elevation showed that the incidence of borderline and mild elevation was higher in the sevoflurane group, but there was no difference in the incidence of moderate and severe elevation. In conclusion, sevoflurane anesthesia over 3 h was not associated with a higher incidence of clinically significant postoperative liver injury compared to propofol anesthesia.
Comparison of different treatment strategies for T3N1-3 stage gastric cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Tan Yimei , Liu Shuanghua , Tao Shaohong , Cheng Hui , Huang Menghe , Tang Qizhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTreatment options for T3N1 stage gastric cancer exhibit regional variation, with optimal approach remaining unclear. We derived our data from the SEER database, using Cox proportional risk regression models for univariate and multivariate analyses of 5-years overall survival (5yOS) and 5-years cancer-specific survival (5yCSS). The results showed that younger age, female, non-white race, highly differentiated histologic grade, non-Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma, low N stage, lesser curvature of the stomach, OP followed by adjuvant C/T with or without RT, partial gastrectomy, C/T and others, Radiation therapy, and Chemotherapy were significantly associated with better 5yOS and 5yCSS. For patients with stage T3N1-3 gastric cancer, multimodal treatment regimens demonstrate superior survival outcomes compared to surgery or radiotherapy alone. Among them, OP followed by adjuvant C/T with or without RT emerges as particularly efficacious, potentially offering enhanced benefits for non-Asian populations.
Controlled epitaxy and patterned growth of one-dimensional crystals via surface treatment of two-dimensional templates
Authors: Jang Myeongjin , Kim Minseol , Lee Sol , Kwon Minseok , Kang Hani , Lee Kihyun , Park Jinsub , Hoang Anh Tuan , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Lee Yangjin , Kim Kwanpyo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer promising platforms for exploring interesting phenomena and functionalities. To exploit their full potential, precise epitaxial processes and well-defined heterointerfaces between different components are essential. Here, we control the growth of one-dimensional (1D) vdW microwires on hexagonal crystals via plasma treatment of the growth templates. AgCN serves as a model 1D system for examining the dependence of the nucleation and growth parameters on the surface treatment conditions and substrate types. The oxygen-plasma-treated transition metal dichalcogenides form step edges mediated by formation of surface metal oxides, leading to robust AgCN epitaxy with an enhanced nucleation density and low horizontal growth rates. Monte Carlo simulations reproduce the experimentally observed growth behaviors and unveil the crucial growth parameters, such as surface diffusivity. The plasma treatment results in distinct effects on graphite and hexagonal boron nitride templates, which undergo plasma-induced amorphization and deactivation of the AgCN vdW epitaxy. We achieve the selective growth of AgCN microwires on graphite using the deactivated vdW epitaxy. This study offers significant insights into the impact of surface treatment on 1D vdW epitaxy, opening avenues for controlled fabrication of mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructures.
Zebularine potentiates anti-tumor immunity by inducing tumor immunogenicity and improving antigen processing through cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhao Heng , Deng Weili , Lai Junzhong , Sang Kai , Chen Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in the anti-tumor immune response, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) have achieved impressive therapeutic outcomes in patients with certain cancer types. However, it is unclear how inhibition of DNA methylation bridges the innate and adaptive immune responses to inhibit tumor growth. Here, we report that DNMTi zebularine reconstructs tumor immunogenicity, in turn promote dendritic cell maturation, antigen-presenting cell activity, tumor cell phagocytosis by APCs, and efficient T cell priming. Further in vivo and in vitro analyses reveal that zebularine stimulates cGAS-STING-NF-κB/IFNβ signaling to enhance tumor cell immunogenicity and upregulate antigen processing and presentation machinery (AgPPM), which promotes effective CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. These findings support the use of combination regimens that include DNMTi and immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
Antibacterial properties of oil extracts of black soldier fly larvae reared on bread waste
Authors: Shu Mung Kwan , Li Cheuk Ming , Furtado William Eduardo , Huang Qianjun , St-Hilaire Sophie , Kenéz Ákos 
Published: May 2024

Context Farming black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has become an emerging agricultural sector for upcycling food waste into high-quality protein and oil biomass. Depending on the chemical composition of the food waste, the oil extracted from BSFL can reach high levels of lauric acid, a natural antimicrobial compound. Aims We aimed to evaluate whether feeding a bakery waste-based substrate can enhance the lauric acid synthesis of BSFL. In addition, we aimed to test the antibacterial activity of these BSFL oil extracts against E. coli in vitro. Methods In a 12-day-long feeding trial, we reared BSFL either on a ground corn-based control substrate (n = 6) or a substrate based on bread waste sourced from a local bakery in Hong Kong (n = 6). We studied the growth performance, crude fat and lauric acid content, and agar well-diffusion assay-based antibacterial activity of oil samples extracted from the larvae. Key results The BSFL reared on the bread waste had a higher average weight (P < 0.001) and average daily gain (P < 0.001), similar crude fat content (P = 0.17), and higher lauric acid content (P < 0.001) than did the control larvae. Both oil samples moderately inhibited the growth of E. coli in vitro; the inhibition zones were 1.92 ± 1.0 mm and 1.25 ± 0.75 mm (means ± s.d.) big in the bread waste-based and the control oil samples respectively (P = 0.28). Conclusions Our results indicated that locally sourced bread waste is a suitable substrate for farming BSFL, providing a sustainable alternative for waste management. Implications The inclusion of locally produced BSFL oil as a feed ingredient for the local livestock farming sector might be an avenue not only to achieve circular economy, but also to reduce antimicrobial drug use. However, the effects on animal health and productive performance warrant further in vivo experiments.
Quenching and flow of charm and bottom quarks via semi-leptonic decay of D and B mesons in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC*
Authors: Li 李 Shu-Qing 树清 , Xing 邢 Wen-Jing 文静 , Cao 曹 Shanshan 杉杉 , Qin 秦 Guang-You 广友 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Heavy flavor particles provide important probes of the microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. We studied the energy loss and flow of charm and bottom quarks inside the QGP via the nuclear modification factor (

) and elliptic flow coefficient (

) of their decayed leptons in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The dynamical evolution of the QGP was performed using the CLVisc (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics model; the evolution of heavy quarks inside the QGP was simulated with our improved Langevin model that considers both collisional and radiative energy loss of heavy quarks; the hadronization of heavy quarks was simulated via our hybrid coalescence-fragmentation model; and the semi-leptonic decay of D and B mesons was simulated via PYTHIA. Using the same spatial diffusion coefficient for charm and bottom quarks, we obtained smaller

and larger

of charm decayed leptons than bottom decayed leptons, indicating stronger energy loss of charm quarks than bottom quarks inside the QGP within our current model setup.
Clear Water Scour Depth Prediction using Gradient Boosting Machine and Deep Learning
Authors: Singh Balraj , Minocha Vijay K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The scouring process in adjacent to spur dikes has the potential for compromising the stability of riverbanks. Hence, it is necessary for river engineering to conduct precise measurement of maximum scour depth in the vicinity of spur dikes. Nevertheless, the determination of the maximum scour depth has proven to be a challenging task, primarily due to the complex nature of the scour phenomena associated with these structures. In this study, two data-driven models, namely the Gradient Boost Machine (GBM) and Deep Learning (DL), were developed to predict the clear water scour depth near to a spur dike. A total of 154 distinct observations have been collected from previous literatures. A total of 103 observations were utilized for training the model, while 53 observation were allocated for validation purposes. Several performance assessment measures were employed to evaluate the performance of the models, including the correlation coefficient (CC), root-coefficient of determination (R2), scattered plot, variation plot, and box plot. GBM outperformed the DL on the basis of above-mentioned assessment measures. Sensitivity analysis suggests that l/d50 is the most influences input parameter. Thus, the conclusion suggested that both the data-driven model can be used in the prediction of the clear water scour depth around spur dikes but GBM have highest accuracy.
The elastic stiffness tensor of cellulosic viscose fibers measured with Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Czibula Caterina , Ulz Manfred H , Wagner Alexander , Elsayad Kareem , Hirn Ulrich , Koski Kristie J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy is applied to study the micromechanics of cellulosic viscose fibers, one of the commercially most important, man-made biobased fibers. Using an equal angle scattering geometry, we provide a thorough description of the procedure to determine the complete transversely isotropic elastic stiffness tensor. From the stiffness tensor the engineering-relevant material parameters such as Young’s moduli, shear moduli, and Poisson’s ratios in radial and axial fiber direction are evaluated. The investigated fiber type shows that, at ideal conditions, the material exhibits optical waveguide properties resulting in spontaneous Brillouin backscattering which can be used to obtain additional information from the Brillouin spectra, enabling the measurement of two different scattering processes and directions with only one scattering geometry.
Extended finite element method with cell-based smoothing for modeling frictional contact crack-induced acoustic nonlinearity involving distorted mesh
Authors: Li Feilong , Yang Na , Su Yue , Sun Xiaoqiang , Guo Dong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a 2D cell-based smoothed extended finite element method (CS-XFEM) for accurate and efficient simulation of nonlinear ultrasonic wave propagation in solid structures, specifically addressing the effects of frictional contact in cracks. Traditional mesh discretization methods for cracks often suffer from mesh distortion and computational instability owing to their high aspect ratios. To overcome this, CS-XFEM integrates a cell-based smoothing technique into XFEM to model the frictional contact of a crack. A comprehensive numerical example demonstrates the advantages of CS-XFEM. The results show that CS-XFEM exhibits a higher convergence rate and enables a larger critical time increment than XFEM. Specifically, the critical time increment of CS-XFEM was found to be twice that of XFEM, leading to a 50% reduction in the total computational time. These findings confirm that CS-XFEM is an efficient, accurate, and robust numerical method for studying the acoustic nonlinearity induced by crack-induced frictional contact.
Influence of thermocycling on the functional properties of the NiTi alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Bikbaev Rashid , Resnina Natalia , Anand Iyamperumal Palani , Belyaev Sergey , Thangamani Geethapriyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The influence of the thermocycling under a stress of 200 and 300 MPa on the martensitic transformation temperatures, recoverable and irreversible strain was study in the NiTi samples produced by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Two types of samples were used: the T1 sample including the Ti-rich NiTi and Ni-rich NiTi layers in the working length and the T2 sample including only the Ni-rich NiTi layers. It was found that the variation in the martensitic transformation temperatures on thermal cycling depended on the chemical composition of the layer. The transformation temperatures decreased on thermal cycling in the Ti-rich NiTi layer (in T1 sample), whereas they were constant in the Ni-rich NiTi layers (in T1 and T2 samples). The recoverable strain in both samples did not change during thermal cycling. The irreversible strain was found in the T1 sample regardless of stress acting on thermal cycling, while T2 sample showed the plastic strain only in the first cycle under 300 MPa. It was shown that the difference in a functional behavior of the T1 and T2 samples on thermocycling was due to that the T1 sample contained the Ti-rich NiTi layer, that was characterized by a low dislocation slip limit contrary to the Ni-rich layers which were hardened by the Ni4Ti3 precipitates.