bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of long acting methylphenidate in adults with ADHD: A study with paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Schneider M. , Retz W. , Gougleris G. , Verhoeven W. , Tulen J. , Rösler M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundRecent investigations into motor cortex excitability with paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique (ppTMS), have shown inhibition deficits in ADHD which correlate with the clinical symptomatology. Methylphenidate effects on cortical excitability in adults with ADHD are contradictory. Therefore, we use long-acting methylphenidate (LA-Mph) to consider cortical excitability effects under stable medication conditions.ObjectivesSystematic evaluation of the effects of LA-Mph on motor cortex excitability in adult patients with ADHD with the ppTMS technique.AimsInvestigation of the putative influence of LA-Mph on motor inhibition and facilitation in adults with ADHD.MethodsThirteen drug naïve adult ADHD patients were included in this ppTMS study. Measurements took place before and under treatment with LA-Mph (30–54 mg daily dose). Statistical analyses were performed to investigate treatment effects and correlations with clinical symptomatology.ResultsLA-Mph significantly decreased the relative short intracortical motor inhibition (SICI) magnetically evoked potential (MEP) amplitude at 3ms interstimulus interval (conditioned/ unconditioned MEP amplitude: 0.84 ± 0.76 drug-free vs. 0.29 ± 0.19 with LA-Mph; p = 0.020). The relative intracortical facilitation (ICF) MEP amplitude at 11ms interstimulus interval (conditioned/ unconditioned MEP amplitude: 1.51 ± 0.92 drug-free vs. 1.79 ± 0.95 with LA-Mph) was not significantly increased. The decrease of the relative SICI MEP amplitude with LA-Mph correlated significantly with the improvement of the psychopathological ADHD self-rating total scores (p = 0.034) and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscores (p = 0.029). These results show that in adult patients with ADHD, LA-Mph significantly improves motor disinhibition without influencing motor facilitation.ConclusionLA-Mph might have differential stabilizing effects on motor hyperexcitability in adults with ADHD and correlates with the clinical improvements.
Psychiatric doctors’ attitudes towards receiving ECT if they were to need it themselves
Authors: Siddiquee R. , Assalman I. , Ray R. 
Published: May 2011

For an established and evidence based treatment ECT has had its fair share of vilification by sections of the population perhaps due to its portrayal by segments of the popular media.The authors of this study explored psychiatrists attitude towards ECT and in particular their willingness to undergo ECT if they were to need it.122 doctors in psychiatry from Birmingham and London were surveyed using a questionnaire. They were asked to express whether or not they would consider ECT as a treatment option if it were indicated for themselves and also to elaborate on their reasons to accept or reject ECT as a treatment option.A majority of the doctors had a positive attitude towards ECT (97.6%) and would consider it as a treatment option should they require it (83.6%). Yet only a two thirds of them used it in their clinical practice. Another finding of interest was that senior psychiatrists were more likely to undergo ECT when compared to junior psychiatrists. The majority of responses in favour cited the reasons for receiving ECT was because it was “fast, effective and safe”. The main reasons for not considering ECT was because doctors preferred to have a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy instead.
Electroconvulsive therpapy and cinema. From “the snake pit” to “requiem for a dream”
Authors: Torreblanca M. , Zallo E. , Euba O. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy is nowadays one of the most useful treatments for severe mental disorders. A lot of patients refer an improvement or even a remission of their psychopathology after this treatment.ObjectivesTo demonstrate how cinema has favoured the creation of a social stigma against mental health professionals, against the treatments we use and, most of all, against the people we treat.We based this project on the portrait cinema has meade of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsECT appears in more than thirty films. We take into account the most representative ones shot from 1948 to 2008.ResultsECT makes its debut in cinema in 1948, ten years after its first use as a psychiatric treatment. During 60 years, ECT comes on stage in more than 30 films. The main indication in cinema to use ECT is to control and punish antisocial behaviors. Medical consent is not asked in most of the films. The ECT modified procedure doesn’t appear.ConclusionsCinema has contributed to stigmatize mental illness, psychiatrists and treatments we use, specially electroconvulsive therapy.
Intensive HF-RTMS treatment in affective disorders: Sample cases
Authors: Zeeuws D. , Baeken C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is safe and efficient for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). More intensive rTMS protocols could improve clinical outcome.ObjectivesWe report on an intensive high frequency (HF)-rTMS treatment protocol in patients unresponsive to current treatment strategies.AimsMonitoring effectiveness and tolerability.MethodsPatients were diagnosed with TRD, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type or bipolar type I disorder, mixed episode. All were unresponsive to adequate therapy (rTMS excluded).HF-rTMS was administrated on the left DLPFC under MRI guidance. In each 20 Hz stimulation session, the patient received 40 trains of 1.9 seconds duration at 120% of the motor threshold. The 20 HF-rTMS sessions were spread over 4 days (5 times/day), yielding a total of 31,200 stimuli.ResultsThere were neither seizures nor important adverse events. The bipolar patient clinically responded (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) from 20 to 9) following treatment day 1. After completing the protocol a week earlier, the TRD patient's HAMD went from 28 to 5. There was a 5 point decrease in the score of the schizoaffective patient. He improved on the brief psychiatric rating subscales blunted affect and emotional withdrawal. No positive symptoms occurred. None of the patients had significant elevations in YMRS scores or in psychomotor activity.Conclusion‘Intensively’ targeting the left DLPFC was tolerated and safe. Our results suggest a strategy of HF-rTMS protocols in non-responders to classical treatment. Larger sham-controlled HF-rTMS studies should substantiate these recent findings.
Use of paliperidone in bipolar disorder
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn recent years have seen significant advances in the treatment of bipolar disorder with the appearance of new drugs such as atypical antipsychotics. However, there is still a therapeutic challenge to effectively cover the prevention of relapse.The appearance of new drugs such as paliperidone with demonstrated successful experience in the field of schizophrenia can expect the use of this drug in usual clinical setting like positive contributionObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety results after 6 months of combined treatment with paliperidone in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorderMethodsThis study is an observational retrospective of the effectiveness of paliperidone as adjunctive therapy in a sample of 11 patients with bipolar disorder I treated as outpatients in a mental health center.Paliperidone addiction was caused by lack of efficacy or partial response to treatment. Scundary effects were collected during the study periodResultsIn all cases except two, was added paliperidone because of partial response to the treatment. After six months of treatment only one patient discontinued treatment due to problems of tolerability and another for lack of efficacy. The mean dose of paliperidone used was 5.7 mg / day. The addition of paliperidone significantly improved affective symptomatology.ConclusionsPharmacological treatment combined with paliperidone is effective and quite well tolerated in patients with bipolar disorder. The limitations of our study (small sample size, open study) do need more research and the realization of controlled clinical trials to confirm these findings.
Prediabetes in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Manu P. , Correll C.U. , van Winkel R. , Wampers M. , De Hert M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundIn 2010, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposed that individuals with fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dl (5.6-6.9 mmol/l) or glucose 140–199 mg/dl (7.8–11.0 mmol/l) 2 hours after a 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT) or hemoglobin A1c (A1c) 5.7–6.4% be classified as prediabetic to indicate a high risk for the development of diabetes.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of prediabetes in psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotics and to compare the clinical and metabolic features of patients with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes and diabetes.MethodThe 2010 ADA criteria were applied to a large consecutive cohort of psychiatric patients treated at one institution in Belgium. All patients were evaluated with OGTT, A1c, insulin levels and lipid profiles.ResultsThe study sample was restricted to the 783 adult patients (mean age 37.6) without known history of diabetes. 413 (52.8%) patients had normal glucose tolerance, 290 (37%) were prediabetic and 80 (10.2%) were diabetic. The 3 groups were similar with regard to psychiatric diagnoses, severity of mental illness and antipsychotic treatment. A statistically significant crescendo gradient from normal to prediabetes and from prediabetes to diabetes was observed for age, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglyceride levels. The intergroups differences for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were confirmed for treatment with clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and amilsulpride, but not for aripiprazole or first-generation antipsychotics.ConclusionPrediabetes is highly prevalent in adults treated with antipsychotic drugs and correlates with markers of intraabdominal adiposity and insulin resistance.
Sudden death in psychiatric patients
Authors: Manu P. , Kane J. , Correll C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionStudies using death certificates have indicated an excess of sudden cardiac deaths among users of antipsychotic drugs compared to the general population, but may have underestimated the presence of other known causes of sudden and unexpected death.ObjectivesTo assess the cause and risk factors for sudden death discovered by contemporaneous investigation of all deaths occurring over a 26-year period (1984–2009) in adult patients registered for care in one large psychiatric hospital in New York.MethodsCircumstances of death, psychiatric diagnoses, psychotropic drugs and past medical history were extracted from the root cause analyses of sudden unexpected deaths. After the exclusion of suicides, homicides and drug overdoses, explained and unexplained cases were compared regarding clinical variables and the utilization of antipsychotics.ResultsOne hundred cases of sudden death were identified among of 119, 500 patient-years. The death remained unexplained in 52 cases. The incidence of unexplained sudden death was 125/100,000 (95% CI 88.9–175.1/100,000) patient-years in 2005–2009, 53/100,000 (95% CI 31.7–88.5/100,000) patient-years in 1999–2004 and 7/100,000 (95% CI 3.7–19.4/100,000) patient-years in 1984–1998. Explained and unexplained cases were similar regarding psychiatric diagnoses and treatment with any psychotropic class, including first- and second-generation antipsychotics. Dyslipidemia (p = 0.012), diabetes (p = 0.055) and co-morbid dyslipidemia and diabetes (p = 0.008) were more common in the unexplained than in the explained cases.ConclusionsIn a consecutive cohort of psychiatric patients, the unexplained sudden deaths were associated with known risk factors for coronary artery disease, but not with higher utilization of first- or second-generation antipsychotics.
Study of cardiovascular risk factors in mental disorders
Authors: Ruiz Feliu M.A. , Campos Mangas M.C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychiatric patients have high rates of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population, but little is known about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome that predisposes them to this condition.ObjectivesAssess the presence of metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients on an outpatient basis and compare their rates with those for the general population.MethodsA sample of 80 patients followed for six months in a mental health center of San Sebastian were interviewed and assessed, diagnose metabolic syndrome according to the criteria of the ATP-III guide. The results were compared with those of a representative sample of the general population of that health care settings.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 52 years, with 57% of women. The prevalence of current smoking was 36.4% (general population = 32%) of obesity of 41.4% (PG = 16.6%), hypertension 30.8% (PG = 15.3%), diabetes mellitus 12.4% (PG = 6.8%), and dyslipidemia of 30.4% (PG = 11.1%). 41.4% of patients in the study met diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, while this figure was 24% in the general population and took place at a later age. 60% of patients with metabolic abnormality was not receiving adequate treatment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in psychiatric outpatients is very high and requires the application of treatment protocols to improve their physical health.
Risperidone prescription in autism spectrum disorder in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Memari A.H. , Kordi R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRisperidone was one of the most popular psychotropic medications approved by FDA for Autism. It may be used to treat specific disruptive behaviors (i.e. irritability) usually associated with autism.ObjectiveDue to recent findings, about one-third of children with ASD take an antipsychotic medication and Risperidone may be responsible for the major part, but its place in autism treatment especially out of US has not been clear due to uncertainty about costs and benefits of prescription. We aimed to investigate the risperidone prescription in children with ASD in Iran.MethodsA representative sample of Students of autism specific schools aged 6-15 surveyed through the parents to provide drug list, demographic and developmental information of children; parents were also asked to indicate whether they were currently using or had just used in the past but not currently or never used the risperidone.ResultsRisperidone has been prescribed for 85.2% (98/115) children with ASD while 50.4% were currently using. Sex difference analysis showed that prescription was done for 87% of boys versus 73.9% of girls (p = 0.06). There was a significant lower socioeconomic state in families with current using of risperidone (p < 0.001). Prescription was not associated with comorbidities in children.ConclusionsWe found a very high rate of risperidone use in children with autism. It may be due to treatment approaches rely heavily on the most available psychotropic agent (i.e. risperidone). Further research is warranted in Cost-Benefit Analysis of risperidone use in Autism.
Family psychopathology among parents of children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Authors: Aleyasin S.A. 
Published: May 2011

The present study aimed to investigate the role of family psychopathology in parents of children with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in Iran. A cross-sectional two-group comparison design was employed to administer two questionnaires:(1) Socio Demographic Questionnaire (SDQ) to identify the socio-demographic variables:(2) Family Assessment Device (FAD) with 60 items and seven subscales to assess the family psychopathology.The total sample consisted of 401 parents: 209 parents with normal children and 192 parents with GAD children. The primary objective of the present study was to identify family psychopathology in parents of children with GAD. The research hypotheses discussed the significant differences between the two groups regarding their family psychopathology and associated variables. Later, the data collected were subjected to statistical techniques such as General Linear Model-Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results revealed significant differences in family psychopathology and some associated variables between the groups. In addition, the differences between the groups were shown to be influenced by some socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. These findings, while being consistent with results obtained by other research, further support the hypothesis that GAD could be viewed as a familial disorder.
Effect of starch dietary regimen on treatment of premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Shahhosseini Z. , Abedian K. , Danesh M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPremenstrual symptoms (PMS) are characterized by a set of behavioral, somatic, and affective symptoms of varying severity that occur during the 7–10 days before the onset of menstruation and subside after the beginning of the menstrual flow. Although the etiology of PMS is largely unknown, current evidence suggests that they may arise from a decrease in brain serotonin neurotransmission. Starch dietary regimen may increase brain serotonin.Materials and methodsIn this quasi-experimental study, we investigated associations between Starch dietary regimen and PMS in 14–19 years old high school students from October to January 2007 in Sari, the city in the North of Iran. 478 girls were selected for this trial. Participants were advised to consume a dietary regimen full of starch every 3 hours a day unless they were asleep. Symptoms were prospectively documented over 3 menstrual cycles with a daily rating scale that had 20 symptoms of PMS After 3 months data analysis was done.ResultsPMS score was 12.85 ± 8.01 prior to dietary regimen, and at the end of first, second and third month following dietary regimen were 11.03 ± 7.59, 12.47 ± 7.79 and 11.13 ± 6.71 respectively (p = 0000). Mood score was 15.8 ± 10.02 prior to dietary regimen, and at the end of first, second and third following dietary regimen were 12.61 ± 9.34, 13.06 ± 8.13 and 11.46 ± 7.09 respectively (p = 0000).ConclusionResults of this study revealed that carbohydrate-rich diet can improve PMS symptoms. Therefore, we recommended codified teaching programs via health care staffs to students about the beneficial effects of diet on relieving PMS.
Perceived quality of life and ageism among elderly people living in sheltered housing and in the community
Authors: Bodner E. , Cohen-Fridel S. , Yaretzky A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlthough there are studies on ageist attitudes and perceptions of quality of life (QoL) among elderly people, no publications exist that compare ageist attitudes and QoL perceptions among elderly people who live in private sector sheltered housing (PRSSH) and in the community.ObjectivesTo map the differences and understand the relations between QoL and negative social perceptions of one’s own age group among older adults, living in PRSSH and in the community.Aims(1) To examine if there are differences in ageist attitudes and perceptions of quality of life (QoL), and(2) to understand the role of QoL in explaining ageist attitudes among these two groups of elderly people.MethodsThe sample included 126 participants, aged 64–94, who live in PRSSH or in the community. The participants completed Fraboni et al. scale of ageism, a QoL inventory (SF-36 inventory), which provides scores on measures such as physical functioning, mental health and social functioning, and answered demographic questions.ResultsMultivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) partially supported our hypotheses that elderly people who live in PRSSH will demonstrate more ageist attitudes towards people of their own age, and report a lower QoL than elderly people who live in the community.Gender also had a distinctive effect on ageism and QoL among individuals in PRSSH. These findings were supported by regression analyses.ConclusionsAlthough PRSSH may offer luxurious living conditions, the current study shows that living in an age segregated environment, may trigger negative self-perceptions of old age and decrease QoL.
Survey of special needs in elderly people: a qualitative research
Authors: Farhoudian A. , Soleimaninia L. , Jafari F. , Savari M.E. , Saberi Zafarghandi M.B. , Sadeghi M. 
Published: May 2011

The only way for going to rehabilitation and social participation expansion in elderly people is the identification of their special needs in a scientific and accurate way. This study conducted in order to identify the special needs in elderly people.This article is a part of a qualitative research with grounded theory method. 15 elderly of Tehran city that were selected through a purposeful sampling participated in study. The main method for collecting data was semi-structured interview that continued until theoretical saturation of information. Data was analyzed with Strauss & Corbin coding manner or continued comparison and the assessor’s viewpoints method is used for validity promotion of data. Totally, most important domains of special needs in aging group were: family and relatives, education, movement and transportation, building and places (houses and public places), social participation and occupation, amusement, health and treatment services, and people’s attitude toward their problems.Those elderly people's special needs that are disabling are often caused by their characteristics and obstacles which are created by society. Therefore, resolving these man-made barriers such as non efficient systems and services, discriminatory policies, prejudice attitudes, etc will help them in the field of rehabilitation and individual independence enhancement.
“SVAROSKI”: A computerised method of assessment of rehabilitation outcomes
Authors: Gandolfi A. , Arnone F. , Chierici M.L. , De Bernardis E. , De Bernardis M. , Ferrari S. , Mori A. , Pingani L. , Turrini G. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe use of standardized tools for assessment and monitoring of a rehabilitation program is strongly recommended, though not so often accomplished in clinical practice.AimsTo describe the development and feasibility of a computerised method of assessment of rehabilitation activities based on psychometrics.MethodsThe software “SVAROSKI” was implemented by means of a relational ER (Entity-Relationship) model with a user interface managed by MS-Access. The rehabilitation activities were: Physical therapy; Locomotion, Occupational Therapy and Reality-Orientation Therapy. Patients were administered at the beginning and at the end of admission the following tests: MMSE, MODA, Barthel Index, Tinetti.The software enables processing of test data with those obtained from rating scales at each session.ResultsFor each patient, two graphical reports are made available:Punctual performance of each item divided by subject areas;Overall pace of the three scales assessing rehabilitation (physical therapy was maintained for an evaluation board, partly qualitative, for the sake of the physiotherapist of the structure).The software allows:1) the rapid storage of the scores obtained from patients during the course of rehabilitation activities,2) the real-time consultation of the development of therapeutic and rehabilitation,3) the comparison of the iteration of several rehabilitation interventions on the patient.ConclusionsSVAROSKY is a useful tool for analysis and monitoring of developments in the rehabilitation of the patient as a valid tool for the development of a synthesis report of the rehabilitation process.