bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Functional Annotation and Expanded Implementations of the P{wHy} Hybrid Transposon in the Drosophila melanogaster Genome
Authors: Myrick Kyl V , Huet François , Mohr Stephanie E , Álvarez-García Inés , Lu Jeffrey T , Smith Mark A , Crosby Madeline A , Gelbart William M 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Whole genome sequencing of the model organisms has created increased demand for efficient tools to facilitate the genome annotation efforts. Accordingly, we report the further implementations and analyses stemming from our publicly available P{wHy} library for Drosophila melanogaster. A two-step regime—large scale transposon mutagenesis followed by hobo-induced nested deletions—allows mutation saturation and provides significant enhancements to existing genomic coverage. We previously showed that, for a given starting insert, deletion saturation is readily obtained over a 60-kb interval; here, we perform a breakdown analysis of efficiency to identify rate-limiting steps in the process. Transrecombination, the hobo-induced recombination between two P{wHy} half molecules, was shown to further expand the P{wHy} mutational range, pointing to a potent, iterative process of transrecombination–reconstitution–transrecombination for alternating between very large and very fine-grained deletions in a self-contained manner. A number of strains also showed partial or complete repression of P{wHy} markers, depending on chromosome location, whereby asymmetric marker silencing allowed continuous phenotypic detection, indicating that P{wHy}-based saturational mutagenesis should be useful for the study of heterochromatin/positional effects.
Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Children Asthma Outbreaks
Authors: Zion Garty Ben , Kosman Evsey , Ganor Eliezer , Alon Niv , Kibilis Neta , Garty Joseph , Mimouni Marc , Waise Yoav 
Published: April 2009

The effects of air pollutants, weather conditions, airborne pollen and spores on the incidence of emergency room (ER) visits of children for acute asthma attacks were investigated.
One-year retrospective study was done. Data on daily concentrations of air pollutants, airborne allergens and weather conditions were collected and compared with the ER visits of 2431 asthmatic children (age 1-18 years) in the Schneider Medical Center, near Tel Aviv.
ER visits of asthmatic children showed a negative correlation with the measured O3 concentrations and with extreme ambient temperatures. A positive correlation was found with high barometric pressure with NO2 and SO2 concentrations. An exceptionally high incidence of ER visits of asthmatic children was observed during September, coinciding with the beginning of the school year. When September was excluded from the annual calculations the correlation between ER visits and environmental factors increased. 49% of the variance of ER visits were explained by O3 alone, 46% by NO2 alone, 54% by O3+NO2, and 31% by weather parameters. 58% of the variation was explained by the combination of air pollutants and weather parameters. Airborne particulates did not show any meaningful correlation with ER visits.
The major factors associated with severe asthma attacks were high NO2 and SO2. The negative correlation with O3 implies that at certain concentrations, O3 may have a beneficial effect. The particularly high number of ER visits at the beginning of the school year was presumably associated with an increase in viral infections combined with emotional stresses.
Overexpression of GPR40 in Pancreatic β-Cells Augments Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Normal and Diabetic Mice
Authors: Nagasumi Kae , Esaki Ritsuko , Iwachidow Kimihiko , Yasuhara Yoshitaka , Ogi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hideyuki , Nakata Mitsugu , Yano Takashi , Shimakawa Kozo , Taketomi Shigehisa , Takeuchi Koji , Odaka Hiroyuki , Kaisho Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
GPR40 is a G protein–coupled receptor regulating free fatty acid–induced insulin secretion. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing the hGPR40 gene under control of the mouse insulin II promoter and used them to examine the role of GPR40 in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Normal (C57BL/6J) and diabetic (KK) mice overexpressing the hGPR40 gene under control of the insulin II promoter were generated, and their glucose metabolism and islet function were analyzed.

RESULTS
In comparison with nontransgenic littermates, hGPR40 transgenic mice exhibited improved oral glucose tolerance with an increase in insulin secretion. Although islet morphologic analysis showed no obvious differences between hGPR40 transgenic and nontransgenic mice, isolated islets from hGPR40 transgenic mice had enhanced insulin secretion in response to high glucose (16 mmol/l) compared with those from nontransgenic mice, and they both had similar low glucose (3 mmol/l)-stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, hGPR40 transgenic islets significantly increased insulin secretion against a naturally occurring agonist palmitate in the presence of 11 mmol/l glucose. hGPR40 transgenic mice were also found to be resistant to high-fat diet–induced glucose intolerance, and hGPR40 transgenic mice harboring KK background showed augmented insulin secretion and improved oral glucose tolerance compared with nontransgenic littermates.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that GPR40 may have a role in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and plasma glucose levels in vivo and that pharmacological activation of GPR40 may provide a novel insulin secretagogue beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Lipid Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia
Authors: McGrowder Donovan , Grant Kevin , Irving Rachael , Gordon Lorenzo , Crawford Tazhmoye , Alexander-Lindo Ruby , Pena Fraser Yeiny 
Published: April 2009

Lipid Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and other maternal and foetal complications of pregnancy. The aims of the study were to evaluate the serum lipid profile of women with GDM, and determine the number of women with GDM who have preeclampsia (PE). A retrospective study of 84 women with GDM and 90 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (controls) was conducted. Women with GDM had significantly higher parity (p=0.047), total cholesterol (p=0.039) and triglycerides (p=0.033), but non-significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (p=0.086) when compared to controls. Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in women with GDM coupled with PE (GDM-PE; p=0.015), the mean birth weight of infants born to women with GDM-PE was significantly lower than that of women with only GDM (p=0.025). Women with GDM-PE had significantly higher triglycerides (p=0.020), had to be more multi-gravida (p=0.047) with significantly elevated VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.037) when compared with women with only GDM. 11.9% of women with GDM had PE. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that GDM is associated with hyperlipidaemia as evident by the significantly elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Women with dyslipidaemia and GDM are at risk of developing preeclampsia. It is imperative that blood lipids be evaluated in women with GDM during antenatal care as it would be helpful in the early detection and treatment of PE.
Evaluation of Coronary Risk Score Applications in 10-Year Coronary Heart Risk Estimation
Authors: Eremić Nevena , Đerić Mirjana 
Published: April 2009

Evaluation of Coronary Risk Score Applications in 10-Year Coronary Heart Risk EstimationAtherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease with risk factors that have multiple effects. In the identification and treatment of asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD) different risk scoring schemes are used in everyday routine. The aim of this study was to compare SCORE recommended for our country with two other most frequently used risk schemes for 10-year CHD risk evaluation: Framingham and PROCAM as well as their modifications. From 220 examined subjects of both sexes, who were treated mainly for lipid metabolism disorder at the Dispensary for Atherosclerosis Prevention, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 110 subjects were included in our study and agreed to a one-year follow-up. At first check-up, 15% had low risk according to Framingham Weibull and 78% according to PROCAM, intermediate 12% according to PROCAM NS up to 45% according to Framingham Weibull, and high 8% according to PROCAM up to 40% according to Framingham Weibull. After a one-year treatment 30% were in the low risk category according to Framingham Weibull and 88% according to PROCAM. Intermediate from 10% according to PROCAM to 36% according to Framingham Weibull, and high from 2% according to PROCAM to 25% according to Framingham Weibull. There is a significantly lower percentage of high risk individuals and a higher percentage of low risk individuals after one year of lipid disorder treatment.
Ghostwriting Transnational Histories in Michelle Cliff's Free Enterprise
Authors: Johnson Erica L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In this article I argue that Cliff's portrait of the nineteenth-century African American abolitionist, entrepreneur, and civil rights activist Mary Ellen Pleasant participates in a genre of subaltern historiography that I term “ghostwriting.” Cliff was inspired to write about Pleasant, who provided major funding and leadership in John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859—and indeed the stone that marks her grave reads simply: “M. E. P. She was a friend of John Brown”—because her role in the raid and in U.S. abolition is absent from nearly all historical documentation. I open the essay with the fact of Pleasant's erasure by documenting her historiographical absence and then go on to explain how Cliff ghostwrites Pleasant's story through a narrative of strategic adjacencies. Cliff enmeshes Pleasant's story with those of others engaged in contrapuntal history-telling from all over the world. This transnational network of resistance extends in Cliffs novel from the Caribbean to the Pacific to Sephardic passageways; her character bears witness to events from the Spanish Inquisition to the Civil Rights era in the U.S., a temporal span that Cliff achieves through the dynamic of haunting. Through her emphasis on the power of mutual witnessing and her use of a Decameronian plot structure, Cliff acts as a ghostwriter by first telling another person's story and, more importantly, by recounting stories of largely absent and hence ghostly subjects.
The Formation of a Chinese Immigrant Working-class Patriarchy
Authors: Shi Yu 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the San Francisco Bay area, this study traces the emergence of a Chinese immigrant working-class patriarchy that is enabled by the articulation of “traditional” Chinesefemininity with new or reinvented gendered expectations in immigrant settings. I argue that the emergence and configuration of this patriarchy demonstrates the flexibility of patriarchal ruling. Its formation of new gendered expectations in immigrant settings by no means indicates that the “old” values from the homeland, such as chastity, self-sacrifice, and self abnegation, have become obsolete upon migration, or that these gendered expectations are uniquely “ethnic Chinese.” On the contrary, the “old” values are reinvented and invoked by the Chinese immigrant working-class patriarchy to build and sustain its power in U.S. society. Therefore, this patriarchy also implicates the structural patriarchy and the racial and class inequalities of the host society. Finally, I contend that various patriarchal hegemonies—East or West, American or Chinese, ethnic or mainstream, traditional or contemporary—should be interpreted in a way that illuminates not just their uniqueness but also their internal connections, mutual constitutions, and constant negotiations.
An African Queen at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition 1876
Authors: Woods Naurice Frank 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Mary Edmonia Lewis (ca. 1843–after 1909) was America's first professional sculptor of African and Native American descent. She staked a claim at the highest level of neoclassical art. This usually meant competing against men who vehemently opposed women competing in a “man's” profession. Lewis found the fortitude to take up the challenge and, along with several other women (all white), demonstrated the capacity to produce extraordinary marble sculptures. Lewis's burden was twofold. In addition to her gender, her race presented unique obstacles, especially to those who subscribed to the belief that those with a “drop of African blood” were rendered less intelligent and creatively inept. Her crowning achievement was The Death of Cleopatra (1876) that was exhibited at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876 to great acclaim. This paper offers critical insights into the creation of that great work.
Resistance to the influences of others: Limits to the formation of a collective memory through conversational remembering
Authors: Muller Felipe , Hirst William 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeople often form collective memories by sharing their memories with others. Warnings about the reliability of one conversational participant can limit the extent to which conversations or other forms of postevent information can influence subsequent memory. Although this attenuation is consistently found for prewarnings, there are substantial reasons to suspect that, by carefully manipulating both individual characteristics of the listener in a conversation and the dynamics of the postevent conversation, one can restrict the effect even prewarnings have on the influence a speaker might have on the memory of a listener. Indeed, in situations in which a speaker contributes substantially to a conversation and the quality of memory of a listener is poor, prewarnings have the paradoxical effect of increasing the influence of the speaker on a listener's memory. Warnings may not always limit the formation of a collective memory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements by MRI of the settling and packing of solid particles from aqueous suspensions
Authors: Acosta‐Cabronero Julio , Hall Laurance D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study extends the application of existing magnetic resonance imaging methods to measure the settling of solid particles from aqueous suspensions. The acquisition of one‐dimensional multiecho projections allowed the direct measurement of initial magnetizations (M0), from which solid volume fractions along the sedimentation column were inferred. For polystyrene beads, it was found that monoexponential curves accurately fitted the transverse relaxation decays. In contrast, for the other four solids investigated (activated carbon, talc, calcium carbonate, and glass beads), the single exponential model did not suffice and additional terms in the fitting function significantly improved the calculation of solid concentrations. Additional information about particle sizes was obtained by comparing volume fractions with the spin–spin relaxation times of the hydrogen protons as a function of the vertical height through the sedimenting suspensions of activated carbon and polystyrene beads. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Effect of sample size on microwave power absorption within dielectric materials: 2D numerical results vs. closed‐form expressions
Authors: Curet S. , Rouaud O. , Boillereaux L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study deals with the analytical and numerical solutions of the heat source term because of microwave heating for high and low dielectric materials in 1D and 2D configurations. The authors compare closed‐form expressions dedicated to microwave power calculation to numerical simulations. A comprehensive and accurate analysis of the microwave power reflected from the surface of the sample is also carried out during microwave heating. The influence of sample length is studied using an original numerical procedure. The study highlights that 1D closed‐form expressions can be extended to 2D configurations in the case of sufficiently high dielectric properties. Examples of heating rate during 2D microwave heating in TE10 mode are finally presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Control of the morphology and the size of complex coacervate microcapsules during scale‐up
Authors: Lemetter C. Y. G. , Meeuse F. M. , Zuidam N. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractScale‐up of complex coacervation, a fat encapsulation technology, is not trivial since the microcapsules morphology and size are highly affected by the processing conditions. So far it has been achieved empirically (trial and error approach). The goal of this study was to produce at various scale capsules with a single‐oil droplet as the core material and small enough to be below sensory threshold. The turbulence level was identified as the main scale‐up criterium and a master‐curve could be drafted showing the capsule mean diameter as function of the Reynolds number, independent of the level of production scale. From a parent emulsion with specific oil droplets size (12–15 μm), the Reynolds number had to be maintained above a critical value (15,000) to avoid capsules agglomeration with multiple oil cores and large particle sizes. To avoid aggregation, this turbulence level had to be kept until the temperature dropped below a critical value (14°C for a cooling rate of 35°C/2 h). Applying these learning led to a successful scale‐up from bench (2 L) to a pilot plant scale of 50 L. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Dynamic optimization of the methylmethacrylate cell‐cast process for plastic sheet production
Authors: Rivera‐Toledo Martín , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Vílchis‐Ramírez Leopoldo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTraditionally, the methylmethacrylate (MMA) polymerization reaction process for plastic sheet production has been carried out using warming baths. However, it has been observed that the manufactured polymer tends to feature poor homogeneity characteristics measured in terms of properties like molecular weight distribution. Nonhomogeneous polymer properties should be avoided because they give rise to a product with undesired wide quality characteristics. To improve homogeneity properties force‐circulated warm air reactors have been proposed, such reactors are normally operated under isothermal air temperature conditions. However, we demonstrate that dynamic optimal warming temperature profiles lead to a polymer sheet with better homogeneity characteristics, especially when compared against simple isothermal operating policies. In this work, the dynamic optimization of a heating and polymerization reaction process for plastic sheet production in a force‐circulated warm air reactor is addressed. The optimization formulation is based on the dynamic representation of the two‐directional heating and reaction process taking place within the system, and includes kinetic equations for the bulk free radical polymerization reactions of MMA. The mathematical model is cast as a time dependent partial differential equation (PDE) system, the optimal heating profile calculation turns out to be a dynamic optimization problem embedded in a distributed parameter system. A simultaneous optimization approach is selected to solve the dynamic optimization problem. Trough full discretization of all decision variables, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model is obtained and solved by using the IPOPT optimization solver. The results are presented about the dynamic optimization for two plastic sheets of different thickness and compared them against simple operating policies. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Early reproductive maturity among Pumé foragers: Implications of a pooled energy model to fast life histories
Authors: Kramer Karen L. , Greaves Russell D. , Ellison Peter T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLife history theory places central importance on relationships between ontogeny, reproduction, and mortality. Fast human life histories have been theoretically and empirically associated with high mortality regimes. This relationship, however, poses an unanswered question about energy allocation. In epidemiologically stressful environments, a greater proportion of energy is allocated to immune function. If growth and maintenance are competing energetic expenditures, less energy should be available for growth, and the mechanism to sustain rapid maturation remains unclear. The human pattern of extended juvenile provisioning and resource sharing may provide an important source of variation in energy availability not predicted by tradeoff models that assume independence at weaning. We consider a group of South American foragers to evaluate the effects that pooled energy budgets may have on early reproduction. Despite growing up in an environment with distinct seasonal under‐nutrition, harsh epidemiological conditions, and no health care, Pumé girls mature quickly and initiate childbearing in their midteens. Pooled energy budgets compensate for the low productivity of girls not only through direct food transfers but importantly by reducing energy they would otherwise expend in foraging activities to meet metabolic requirements. We suggest that pooled energy budgets affect energy availability at both extrinsic and intrinsic levels. Because energy budgets are pooled, Pumé girls and young women are buffered from environmental downturns and can maximize energy allocated to growth completion and initiate reproduction earlier than a traditional bound‐energy model would predict. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A CDKL5 mutated child with precocious puberty
Authors: Saletti Veronica , Canafoglia Laura , Cambiaso Paola , Russo Silvia , Marchi Margherita , Riva Daria 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo date, 43 patients have been described with mutations in or involving the CDKL5 gene. The typical phenotype includes early‐onset, often intractable epileptic seizures and severe mental retardation with very limited progress in psychomotor development. Most patients also show impaired social interaction with avoidance of eye‐to‐eye contact, and some clinical features reminiscent of Rett syndrome (RTT), including stereotypic hand movements, lack of purposeful hand use, acquired microcephaly, and generalized hypotonia. We report on the case of a 5‐year‐old girl with a de novo CDKL5 gene mutation who developed early puberty, which has not been described before. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“On‐Off” Multivalent Recognition: Degradable Dendrons for Temporary High‐Affinity DNA Binding
Authors: Welsh Daniel J. , Jones Simon P. , Smith David K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractJetzt binden – jetzt nicht! Durch chemischen Abbau eines dendritischen Gerüsts, d. h. das Aufbrechen einer multivalenten Ligandenanordnung in kleinere Fragmente, können multivalente Wechselwirkungen mit DNA „ausgeschaltet“ werden, wodurch ein Molekül temporär mit einer hohen Affinität für ein biologisches Ziel versehen werden kann. Dieses Konzept ist von Bedeutung für die Entwicklung neuer synthetischer Systeme, die in biologische Abläufe eingreifen.magnified image
Interactive Radical Dimers in Photoconductive Organic Thin Films
Authors: Iwasaki Akito , Hu Laigui , Suizu Rie , Nomura Kenji , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio , Noda Yukiko , Kanai Kaname , Ouchi Yukio , Seki Kazuhiko , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractÜberlappende ausgedehnte unbesetzte Molekülorbitale haben eine hohe Photoleitfähigkeit wechselwirkender Radikaldimere zur Folge. Sandwich‐Zellen (siehe Bild; ITO=Indiumzinnoxid) mit hochorientierten dünnen Filmen des nichtkonjugierten Diradikals 4,4′‐Bis(1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyl) (BDTDA) liefern einen Photostrom mit hohem An/Aus‐Verhältnis bei Sperrvorspannungen und verhalten sich photovoltaisch bei einer Vorspannung von null.magnified image