bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear inositide signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Follo Matilde Y. , Mongiorgi Sara , Finelli Carlo , Clissa Cristina , Ramazzotti Giulia , Fiume Roberta , Faenza Irene , Manzoli Lucia , Martelli Alberto M. , Cocco Lucio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are defined as clonal hematopoietic stem‐cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis in one or more of the lineages of the bone marrow. Although distinct morphologic subgroups exist, the natural history of MDS is progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the molecular the mechanisms the underlying MDS evolution to AML are not completely understood. Inositides are key cellular second messengers with well‐established roles in signal transduction pathways, and nuclear metabolism elicited by phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) β1 and Akt plays an important role in the control of the balance between cell cycle progression and apoptosis in both normal and pathologic conditions. Recent findings evidenced the role played by nuclear lipid signaling pathways, which could become promising therapeutic targets in MDS. This review will provide a concise and updated revision of the state of art on this topic. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1065–1071, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reorganization in motor cortex after brachial plexus avulsion injury and repair with the contralateral C7 root transfer in rats
Authors: Jiang Su , Li Zhan‐Yu , Hua Xu‐Yun , Xu Wen‐Dong , Xu Jian‐Guang , Gu Yu‐Dong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to establish the profile of cortical reorganization in whole BPAI on rats and evaluate changes of cortical reorganization after repair of the median nerve with the contralateral C7 root transfer. Forty adult SD rats underwent whole roots avulsion of left brachial plexus, among them 20 received contralateral C7 root transfer to the injured median nerve. Intracortical microstimulation was performed in primary motor cortex (M1) at intervals of 3, 5, 7, and 10 months, postoperatively. The maps of motor cortical responses were constructed. Five normal rats were used as the control. Results showed that stimulating right M1 elicited motion of left vibrissae, submaxilla, neck, back, and left hindlimb after left BPAI, among them neck representation area replaced the forelimb area throughout the reorganization process. The left forelimb representation area was found in the left motor cortex 5 months after the contralateral C7 root transfer and existed in both motor cortexes at 7th postoperative month. The left forelimb representation area was detected only in right motor cortex at 10th month, postoperatively. In conclusions, after the contralateral C7 root transfer for repair of the median nerve in BPAI, the cortical reorganization occurred in a time‐dependent reorganization. The findings from this study demonstrate that brain involves in the functional recovery after BPAI and repair with nerve transfer and suggest that efforts to improve the results from nerve repair should address the peripheral nerve as well as the brain. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Backup perforator flap derived from a previously transferred musculocutaneous free flap
Authors: Topalan Murat , Guven Erdem , Demirtas Yener 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Reconstruction of the lower leg commonly requires a free tissue transfer after Gustillo grade IIIB‐IIIC injuries and severe postoncological resections, where, free musculocutaneous flaps (MCF) are preferred for their size and robust blood supply. The anastomoses are performed at more proximal levels to keep them away from the trauma zone. This reasonable maneuver causes the distal of the flap to cover the most critical part of the defect. Any marginal necrosis, then, ends in exposure of the bone or implant. Reported here is the use of a perforator flap derived from a previously transferred free MCF as a backup tissue.Patients and methods:Distal marginal necrosis exposing vital structures were encountered after six free MCF transfers during the last 6 years. These were highly complicated cases in which no regional flap options were available and a second free flap was unfeasible due to recipient vessel problems. A perforator flap was elevated on the perforator vessel(s) penetrating the underlying muscle of the previous MCF and either advanced or transposed to cover the defect. Donor sites on MCF were closed primarily.Results:Wound dehiscence that healed secondarily was observed in two cases. The knee prosthesis was removed in one case due to uncontrolled osteomyelitis. No complications were detected in other three cases.Conclusion:The described flap can be a leg saver whenever a previously transferred free MCF fails to cover the distal site of the defect. The flap can be advanced for 3–5 cm and allows more than 90 degrees of rotation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:457–461, 2010.
Firms’ main market, human capital, and wages
Authors: Alcalá Francisco , Hernández Pedro J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe literature on the exporter wage premium has focused on an exporter/non-exporter dichotomy. Instead, this paper provides first evidence that there is a more continuous destination-market effect. Using Spanish data, we estimate wage premia for establishments selling to the national, European Union, and rest of the world markets (with respect to wages in local-market establishments). Controlling for worker and establishment characteristics, output-market wage premia are increasing in market remoteness and employee education. Establishment human capital is also increasing in output-market remoteness. The paper builds a theoretical model that provides a potential explanation for these empirical results, which is also consistent with the recent evidence on the positive relationship between output-market remoteness and quality of exports.
Differential effects of fluvastatin alone or in combination with ezetimibe on lipoprotein subfractions in patients at high risk of coronary events
Authors: Stojakovic T. , De Campo A. , Scharnagl H. , Sourij H. , Schmölzer I. , Wascher T. C. , März W. 
Published: January 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (3): 187–194AbstractBackground  Ezetimibe, a cholesterol‐absorption inhibitor, significantly lowers low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) when administered in addition to statin treatment. The effect of ezetimibe on the incidence and progression of vascular disease is elusive. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of fluvastatin plus ezetimibe on lipoprotein subfractions in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or coronary heart disease.Materials and methods  Ninety patients with LDL‐C between 100 and 160 mg dL−1 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, single‐blind, single‐centre study. A total of 84 patients were treated with either fluvastatin 80 mg (n = 28) alone or in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg (n = 56) for 12 weeks to determine the effects on lipids, apolipoproteins and LDL subfractions by equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00814723.Results  Total cholesterol, LDL‐C and apolipoprotein B were significantly more reduced in the combined therapy group. High density lipoproteins increased in the fluvastatin‐only group and decreased in the combined therapy group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in buoyant and intermediate, but not in dense LDL particles.Conclusions  Addition of ezetimibe to fluvastatin resulted in a further reduction of buoyant and intermediate, but not of dense LDL compared with fluvastatin alone.
Predicting epistasis: an experimental test of metabolic control theory with bacterial transcription and translation
Authors: Maclean R. C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Epistatic interactions between mutations are thought to play a crucial role in a number of evolutionary processes, including adaptation and sex. Evidence for epistasis is abundant, but tests of general theoretical models that can predict epistasis are lacking. In this study, I test the ability of metabolic control theory to predict epistasis using a novel experimental approach that combines phenotypic and genetic perturbations of enzymes involved in gene expression and protein synthesis in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These experiments provide experimental support for two key predictions of metabolic control theory: (i) epistasis between genes involved in the same pathway is antagonistic; (ii) epistasis becomes increasingly antagonistic as mutational severity increases. Metabolic control theory is a general theory that applies to any set of genes that are involved in the same linear processing chain, not just metabolic pathways, and I argue that this theory is likely to have important implications for predicting epistasis between functionally coupled genes, such as those involved in antibiotic resistance. Finally, this study highlights the fact that phenotypic manipulations of gene activity provide a powerful method for studying epistasis that complements existing genetic methods.
Cytonuclear conflict in interpopulation hybrids: the role of RNA polymerase in mtDNA transcription and replication
Authors: Ellison C. K. , Burton R. S. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Organismal fitness requires functional integration of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Structural and regulatory elements coevolve within lineages and several studies have found that interpopulation hybridization disrupts mitonuclear interactions. Because mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRPOL) plays key roles in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription, the interaction between mtRPOL and coevolved regulatory sites in the mtDNA may be central to mitonuclear integration. Here, we generate interpopulation hybrids between divergent populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus to obtain lines having different combinations of mtRPOL and mtDNA. Lines were scored for mtDNA copy number and ATP6 (mtDNA) gene expression. We find that there is a genotype-dependent negative association between mitochondrial transcriptional response and mtDNA copy number. We argue that an observed increase in mtDNA copy number and reduced mtDNA transcription in hybrids reflects the regulatory role of mtRPOL; depending on the mitonuclear genotype, hybridization may disrupt the normal balance between transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome.
Administration of medication in the acute mental health ward: Perspective of nurses and patients
Authors: Duxbury Joy A. , Wright Karen , Bradley Diane , Barnes Pamela 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe administration of medication is an important therapeutic intervention. However, concerns have been raised about the management of this procedure in the acute area. Therefore, a survey was conducted with registered nurses (n = 24) and patients (n = 57) from three acute admission wards in an inner city hospital in the north west of England. Semistructured interviews were conducted immediately following medication administration and then analyzed using thematic analysis. Nurses' views were categorized into three themes: ward environment, communication, and sharing of information. Nurses reported that policies and procedures provided clear guidance, but that the task remained stressful and the role of other professionals affected the integrity of the procedure. Patients' views were categorized into four themes: effects and side‐effects of medication, the process of administration, therapeutic relationships, and the sharing of information. Most patients were accepting of the administration of their medication, but called for improvements in information sharing and side‐effect management. Information sharing is pivotal in establishing therapeutic relationships, but the time of administration might not be the most appropriate occasion for this.
Food‐reward signalling in the suprachiasmatic clock
Authors: Mendoza Jorge , Clesse Daniel , Pévet Paul , Challet Etienne 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1489–1499.AbstractUnder special restricted feeding conditions the mammalian circadian clock, contained in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), can be entrained by food. During food restriction, hungry animals are very motivated to obtain food. This motivational state could be a key component in altering the SCN timing by feeding. In order to comprehend how hedonic signals of food affect the SCN clock, we evaluated the effects of a daily palatable snack on the behavioural rhythm of mice fed ad libitum with regular food, and housed under constant darkness conditions. As light synchronization of the SCN is modulated by feeding/metabolic cues, the effects of a palatable meal coupled to a light pulse were tested on behavioural and molecular rhythms. A daily palatable snack entrained behavioural rhythms of mice in constant darkness conditions. Furthermore, palatable meal access at the activity onset reduced light‐induced behavioural phase‐delays and Period genes expression in the SCN. In addition, an increase in the dopamine content and Period genes expression in the forebrain of mice was observed, concomitant with a c‐FOS activation in dopaminergic and orexinergic neurons, suggesting that the effects of a palatable snack on the SCN clock are mediated by the reward/arousal central systems. In conclusion, this study establishes an underlying sensitivity of the master circadian clock to changes in motivational states related to palatable food intake.
Health status and health‐related behaviors in epilepsy compared to other chronic conditions—A national population‐based study
Authors: Hinnell Claire , Williams Jeanne , Metcalfe Amy , Patten Scott B. , Parker Robyn , Wiebe Samuel , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The negative impact of epilepsy is disproportionate to its prevalence. Our objectives were to determine if health‐related behaviors (HRBs) and health status differ between patients with epilepsy, migraine, or diabetes.Methods:  The 2001–2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 400,055) was used to explore health status and HRBs in patients with epilepsy, migraine, and diabetes and in the general population. Weighted estimates of association were produced as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Logistic regression was used to explore the association between demographic variables and HRBs in epilepsy.Results:  The prevalence of active epilepsy, migraine, and diabetes was 0.6%, 8.4%, and 3.8%, respectively. Those with epilepsy and diabetes were more likely than migraineurs to perceive their health as poor and to be physically inactive. Obesity and comorbidities were more likely in all chronic conditions studied compared to the general population. Those with epilepsy or migraine were significantly more likely to smoke compared to the general population or to those with diabetes. Those with epilepsy were more likely to ever have consumed more than 12 alcoholic drinks per week. Health monitoring did not differ between groups. In the logistic regression analysis, epilepsy was associated with physical inactivity and lower alcohol consumption in the past 12 months compared to the general population.Discussion:  Our study demonstrated that those with epilepsy have a poorer pattern of HRBs and poorer health status compared to the general population. Screening for and managing comorbidities, and promoting exemplary HRBs, should improve overall health and quality‐of‐life in those with epilepsy.
Disparities in hospital outcomes for injured people with epilepsy/seizures
Authors: Bowman Stephen M. , Aitken Mary E. , Sharp Gregory B. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Controlling for injury and patient characteristics, one would expect comparable in‐hospital outcomes for injured patients with and without epilepsy. The historical stigma associated with epilepsy is well‐documented, yet potential disparities in injury care for people with epilepsy/seizures have not been examined. We compared in‐hospital outcomes of injured patients with epilepsy/seizures with patients without epilepsy/seizures and tested the hypothesis that injured people with epilepsy have worse outcomes.Methods:  Existing data were analyzed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample—the largest, longitudinal, all‐payer inpatient care database in the United States. Injured patients of all ages were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for patient and hospital characteristics. Main outcome measure: in‐hospital mortality.Results:  When controlling for patient and injury characteristics, our results show that people with epilepsy/seizures were more likely to die in‐hospital than people without epilepsy [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, p < 0.001]. People with epilepsy were significantly more likely to have a traumatic brain injury diagnosis than similar individuals without epilepsy (unintentional injuries OR 2.81, p < 0.001; interpersonal violence OR 6.0, p < 0.001). By mechanism of injury, significantly increased risk of death was observed for injuries from falls (OR 1.21, p < 0.001), other transport injuries (OR 2.04, p = 0.01), struck by/against (OR 1.85, p = 0.02), and suffocation (OR 10.93, p = 0.009). People with epilepsy/seizures receiving firearm injuries were less likely to die in‐hospital (OR 0.25, p < 0.001).Discussion:  Disparities in hospital outcomes for people with epilepsy deserve further attention. Identifying the underlying causes of these disparities will allow for the development of targeted prevention interventions.
Estimating overall returns to international agricultural research in Africa through benefit‐cost analysis: a “best‐evidence” approach
Authors: Maredia Mywish K. , Raitzer David Anthony 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study offers a “best evidence” approach to summarizing recent benefit‐cost analyses of international agricultural research in Africa. First, from an extensive literature review and the resulting global inventory of impact studies, 23 studies are identified that calculate aggregate rates of return for Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and partner investments in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). These studies are then appraised against a review framework consisting of principles, criteria, and indicators for study rigor. Subsequently, the economic benefits reported by studies grouped on the basis of its analytical rigor are aggregated and set against total investment by the CGIAR and national agricultural research systems to determine if the total investment to date can be justified by documented benefits under a range of assumptions. As a result, the study finds that aggregate investment is justified under a fairly wide range of suppositions. Under all scenarios, the vast majority of documented benefits stem from a relatively limited array of activities with a majority of benefits stemming from biological control (80%). Close to 20% of total benefits result from crop genetic improvement, and less than 1% result from all other activities. The implications of these results for research investment strategies in SSA and impact assessment are discussed.
Student perspectives and opinions on their experience at an undergraduate outreach dental teaching centre at Cardiff: a 5‐year study
Authors: Lynch C. D. , Ash P. J. , Chadwick B. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  Outreach teaching is now regarded as a desirable component of undergraduate dental teaching programmes in the UK. A purpose‐built undergraduate dental outreach‐training centre was opened in Cardiff in 2002. The aim of this paper is to report student perspectives and opinions on their experience at this unit over a 5‐year period.Methods:  Final year dental students at Cardiff University were invited to report their comments on the St David’s Primary Care Unit at various times during their placement there. Information was recorded for undergraduate students who commenced final year in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 (n = 257).Results:  After 1 year, the most common favourable aspects reported by students included the availability of a suitably trained nurse for all procedures (n = 191), ready access to helpful/approachable teaching staff (n = 145), and closeness of learning experience to subsequent practice (n = 122). Many students commented on their growing confidence in their own abilities whilst in the unit.Conclusion:  Overwhelmingly, students reported their enthusiasm for training in an outreach teaching unit, preferring it to traditional dental school environments. Inherent in the comments recorded for each student was a sense of growing confidence in their abilities and development of reflective practice. Further work is needed to identify the impact of this form of dental student training on subsequent practices in Vocational Training and independent clinical careers.
A national study on the attitudes of Irish dental faculty members to faculty development
Authors: O’Sullivan E. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction: International studies suggest that dental faculty are resistant to the concept and practice of faculty development. This paper analyses the demographic and educational profile of Irish Dental Faculty, exploring their attitudes to educational initiatives.Methods and materials: Irish dental faculty were invited to participate in a national study on perceived educational needs. A custom‐designed questionnaire was distributed using a ‘mixed‐method’ approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative components. Overall response rate was 64.6%.Results: Analysis of the demographic profile of Irish dental faculty reveals a male dominated regime (64%). Whilst faculty possess many professional qualifications and extensive clinical experience, most have little or no training inhowto teach. Many had attended teacher training programmes; however, 92% merely attended infrequent, informal sessions. Less than a third (30%) of the part‐time staff had attended teacher training (P ≤ 0.05), few faculty members had any formal teacher training. Whilst the study revealed a low level of engagement with existing teaching support services, there appeared to be considerable support for the concept of faculty development as 75% were willing to attend teacher training courses. This refutes previous suggestions that dental educators are resistant to educational concepts. Attitudes to faculty development varied significantly with age, gender and time since last qualification. This report presents a detailed analysis of learning needs, and a review of the perceived barriers/inducements to participation.Conclusion: This study indicates that targeted educational interventions, with content and delivery tailored to the specific needs of recipients, are most likely to succeed.