bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of UHRF1, associated with re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, is a common feature of natural compounds exhibiting anti-cancer properties
Authors: Alhosin Mahmoud , Sharif Tanveer , Mousli Marc , Etienne-Selloum Nelly , Fuhrmann Guy , Schini-Kerth Valérie B , Bronner Christian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOver-expressed in numerous cancers, Ubiquitin-like containing PHD Ring Finger 1 (UHRF1, also known as ICBP90 or Np95)is characterized by a SRA domain (Set and Ring Associated) which is found only in the UHRF family. UHRF1 constitutes a complex with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) via its SRA domain and represses the expression of several tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) includingp16INK4A,hMLH1, BRCA1andRB1. Conversely, UHRF1 is regulated by other TSGs such asp53andp73. UHRF1 is hypothetically involved in a macro-molecular protein complex called "ECREM" for "Epigenetic Code Replication Machinery". This complex would be able to duplicate the epigenetic code by acting at the DNA replication fork and by activating the right enzymatic activity at the right moment. There are increasing evidence that UHRF1 is the conductor of this replication process by ensuring the crosstalk between DNA methylation and histone modifications via the SRA and Tandem Tudor Domains, respectively. This cross-talk allows cancer cells to maintain the repression of TSGs during cell proliferation. Several studies showed that down-regulation of UHRF1 expression in cancer cells by natural pharmacological active compounds, favors enhanced expression or re-expression of TSGs, suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis. This suggests that hindering UHRF1 to exert its role in the duplication of the methylation patterns (DNA + histones) is responsible for inducing apoptosis. In this review, we present UHRF1 expression as a target of several natural products and we discuss their underlying molecular mechanisms and benefits for chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
Acute interstitial nephritis with acetaminophen and alcohol intoxication
Authors: Fruchter Lauren L , Alexopoulou Iakovina , Lau Keith K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) represents a growing cause of renal failure in current medical practice. While antimicrobials and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are typically associated with drug-induced AIN, few reports have been made on the involvement of other analgesics. We report our experience in managing a 17-year-old female with AIN and subsequent renal injury following an acetaminophen overdose in conjunction with acute alcohol intoxication. It is well established that acetaminophen metabolism, particularly at high doses, produces reactive metabolites that may induce renal and hepatic toxicity. It is also plausible however, that such reactive species could instead alter renal peptide immunogenicity, thereby inducing AIN. In the following report, we review a possible mechanism for the acetaminophen-induced AIN observed in our patient and also discuss the potential involvement of acute alcohol ingestion in disease onset. The objective of our report is to increase awareness of healthcare professionals to the potential involvement of these commonly used agents in AIN pathogenesis.
Relative percentage and zonal distribution of mesenchymal progenitor cells in human osteoarthritic and normal cartilage
Authors: Pretzel David , Linss Stefanie , Rochler Steffen , Endres Michaela , Kaps Christian , Alsalameh Saifeddin , Kinne Raimund W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are highly attractive for use in cartilage regeneration. To date, MSC are usually recruited from subchondral bone marrow using microfracture. Recent data suggest that isolated cells from adult human articular cartilage, which express the combination of the cell-surface markers CD105 and CD166, are multi-potent mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) with characteristics similar to MSC. MPC within the cartilage matrix, the target of tissue regeneration, may provide the basis for in situ regeneration of focal cartilage defects. However, there is only limited information concerning the presence/abundance of CD105+/CD166+ MPC in human articular cartilage. The present study therefore assessed the relative percentage and particularly the zonal distribution of cartilage MPC using the markers CD105/CD166.

Methods
Specimens of human osteoarthritic (OA; n = 11) and normal (n = 3) cartilage were used for either cell isolation or immunohistochemistry. Due to low numbers, isolated cells were expanded for 2 weeks and then analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS) or immunofluorescence in chamber slides for the expression of CD105 and CD166. Following immunomagnetic separation of CD166+/- OA cells, multi-lineage differentiation assays were performed. Also, the zonal distribution of CD166+ cells within the matrix of OA and normal cartilage was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
FACS analysis showed that 16.7 ± 2.1% (mean ± SEM) of OA and 15.3 ± 2.3 of normal chondrocytes (n.s.) were CD105+/CD166+ and thus carried the established MPC marker combination. Similarly, 13.2% ± 0.9% and 11.7 ± 2.1 of CD105+/CD166+cells, respectively, were identified by immunofluorescence in adherent OA and normal chondrocytes. The CD166+ enriched OA cells showed a stronger induction of the chondrogenic phenotype in differentiation assays than the CD166+ depleted cell population, underlining the chondrogenic potential of the MPC. Strikingly, CD166+ cells in OA and normal articular cartilage sections (22.1 ± 1.7% and 23.6% ± 1.4%, respectively; n.s.) were almost exclusively located in the superficial and middle zone.

Conclusions
The present results underline the suitability of CD166 as a biomarker to identify and, in particular, localize and/or enrich resident MPC with a high chondrogenic potential in human articular cartilage. The percentage of MPC in both OA and normal cartilage is substantially higher than previously reported, suggesting a yet unexplored reserve capacity for regeneration.
Developmental regulation of P-glycoprotein activity within thymocytes results in increased anti-HIV protease inhibitor activity
Authors: Haraguchi Soichi , Ho Sarah K , Morrow Matthew , Goodenow Maureen M , Sleasman John W 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe thymus harbors HIV-1 and supports its replication. Treatment with PI-containing ART restores thymic output of naïve T cells. This study demonstrates that CXCR4-using WT viruses are more sensitive to PI in fetal thymcocytes than mature T cells with average IC50 values for two PIs, RTV and IDV, of 1.5 nM (RTV) and 4.4 nM (IDV) in thymocytes versus 309.4 nM (RTV) and 27.3 nM (IDV) in mature T cells. P-gp activity, as measured using Rh123 efflux and quantitation of P-gp mRNA, increased with thymocyte maturation into CD4 and CD8 lineage T cells. P-gp activity is developmentally regulated in the thymus. Thymocytes developed increased levels of P-gp activity as maturation from DP to SP CD4 or CD8 T cells occurred, although CD4 T cells acquired activity more rapidly. Reduced P-gp activity in thymocytes is one mechanism for effectiveness of PI therapy in suppressing viral replication in the thymus and in reconstitution of naïve T cells, particularly among children receiving PI-containing ART.
Phagosome dynamics during phagocytosis by neutrophils
Authors: Nordenfelt Pontus , Tapper Hans 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe neutrophil is a key player in immunity, and its activities are essential for the resolution of infections. Neutrophil-pathogen interactions usually trigger a large arsenal of antimicrobial measures that leads to the highly efficient killing of pathogens. In neutrophils, the phagocytic process, including the formation and maturation of the phagosome, is in many respects very different from that in other phagocytes. Although the complex mechanisms that coordinate the membrane traffic, oxidative burst, and release of granule contents required for the microbicidal activities of neutrophils are not completely understood, it is evident that they are unique and differ from those in macrophages. Neutrophils exhibit more rapid rates of phagocytosis and higher intensity of oxidative respiratory response than do macrophages. The phagosome maturation pathway in macrophages, which is linked to the endocytic pathway, is replaced in neutrophils by the rapid delivery of preformed granules to nonacidic phagosomes. This review describes the plasticity and dynamics of the phagocytic process with a special focus on neutrophil phagosome maturation.
K-Ras and β-catenin mutations cooperate with Fgfr3 mutations in mice to promote tumorigenesis in the skin and lung, but not in the bladder
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Singh Lukram Babloo , Foth Mona , Morris Carol-Ann , Taketo Makoto Mark , Wu Xue-Ru , Leung Hing Y. , Sansom Owen J. , Iwata Tomoko 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARY
The human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene is frequently mutated in superficial urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). To test the functional significance of FGFR3 activating mutations as a ‘driver’ of UCC, we targeted the expression of mutated Fgfr3 to the murine urothelium using Cre-loxP recombination driven by the uroplakin II promoter. The introduction of the Fgfr3 mutations resulted in no obvious effect on tumorigenesis up to 18 months of age. Furthermore, even when the Fgfr3 mutations were introduced together with K-Ras or β-catenin (Ctnnb1) activating mutations, no urothelial dysplasia or UCC was observed. Interestingly, however, owing to a sporadic ectopic Cre recombinase expression in the skin and lung of these mice, Fgfr3 mutation caused papilloma and promoted lung tumorigenesis in cooperation with K-Ras and β-catenin activation, respectively. These results indicate that activation of FGFR3 can cooperate with other mutations to drive tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner, and support the hypothesis that activation of FGFR3 signaling contributes to human cancer.
Synthesis of Red-emitting (Gd, Ca, Eu)2W2O9 Phosphors
Authors: Kim Sun Woog , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Red-emitting (Gd1−x−yCaxEuy)2W2O9−x phosphors (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05, 0.05 ≤ y ≤ 1.00) were synthesized in a single phase form by conventional solid-state reaction. These phosphors exhibited excellent luminescent efficiency at excitation wavelengths of 394 and 464 nm, and the emission intensities were successfully enhanced by Ca2+ doping into the Gd2W2O9 lattice. The highest red emission intensity was obtained for (Gd0.58Ca0.02Eu0.40)2W2O8.98, and the emission intensities of this phosphor under excitations at 394 and 464 nm were 15.2 and 29.1 times higher, respectively, than those of a commercial (Y0.98Eu0.02)2O2S phosphor.
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on Novel Diphenylpyran Derivatives
Authors: Bolag Altan , Nishida Jun-ichi , Hara Kohjiro , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We have prepared a series of novel diphenylpyran derivatives as photosensitizers of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. Nonsubstituted dye 3a shows an energy conversion efficiency of 2.3% and iodine-substituted dye 3d shows a higher efficiency of 2.9% due to the tuned energy levels and steric effect.
A Highly Efficient Cu/Al(OH)3 Catalyst for the Hydration of Acrylonitrile to Acrylamide
Authors: Ichikawa Shinichiro , Miyazoe Satoru , Matsuoka Osamu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A highly efficient, easily filterable Cu/Al(OH)3 catalyst for the hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide has been synthesized by reducing a particle-size-controlled malachite phase-free Cu/Al hydrotalcite. The stability of the Cu/Al(OH)3 catalyst under aqueous reaction conditions was further improved by treatment with H3PO4.
Ipilimumab: A Novel Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Culver Morgan E , Gatesman Mandy L , Mancl Erin E , Lowe Denise K 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To review the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, drug interactions, dosing, and economic considerations of ipilimumab. Data Sources: A literature search using MEDLINE (1966-November 2010) was performed using the terms ipilimumab, metastatic melanoma, MDX-010, and MDX-101. Additional data were obtained from meeting abstracts, bibliographies, and media releases. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language articles identified from the data sources were reviewed. Selected studies evaluated the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ipilimumab for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Data Synthesis: The incidence of melanoma in the US is increasing faster than any other type of cancer in men and more than any other type of cancer, except lung cancer, in women. For patients with metastatic melanoma, systemic therapies are limited by low response rates, snort durations of response, and a 5-year survival rate <10%. Ipilimumab, a novel CTLA-4 inhibitor, is under investigation for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Results of a randomized, controlled Phase 3 trial showed a first-ever overall survival benefit for patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma who received ipilimumab compared with the controls. The majority of adverse events reported with ipilimumab administration are considered to be low-grade immune-related events involving the skin and intestine and can be managed medically. Nonetheless. 10-17% of patients have immune-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher severity, with 2-3% of these events resulting in death. Conclusions: Ipilimumab is a novel CTLA-4 inhibitor that has been evaluated for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. On March 25, 2011, the Food and Drug Administration approved ipilimumab, making it the first agent indicated for unresectable or metastatic melanoma in more than a decade.
Rapid Development of Infusion-Related Severe Hypotension During Rituximab Therapy
Authors: Vo Kevin H , Waddell James Aubrey , Suda Katie J 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To report an incident of rapid development of profound hypotension, differing from the time described in previous reports, during the infusion of rituximab chemotherapy in a patient without prior exposure to the drug. Case Summary: An 84-year-old white male with Rai stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia was prescribed rituximab 375 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion. Rituximab 50 mg/h was initiated after premedication with acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, and ondansetron 3 days into his hospital course. Five minutes after the infusion had begun, he experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure to 76/45 mm Hg, and the infusion was stopped. After 30 minutes, the blood pressure returned to normal. Rechallenge with rituximab 25 mg/h was attempted, but the blood pressure again declined and the patient experienced chills and rigors. The infusion was discontinued, and the symptoms resolved 1 hour later. Discussion: Infusion-related adverse reactions associated with rituximab are reported at a higher rate than with other monoclonal antibodies. Hypotension with rituximab has been reported to occur 30 minutes to 2 hours after initiation of the infusion. In contrast, severe hypotension in our patient occurred within 5 minutes after the infusion was started in a patient with no previous exposure to the drug. While many studies hypothesize that cytokine release from lymphocytes and tumor cell agglutination might contribute to severe infusion-related reactions with rituximab, the mechanism of action is not yet known. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated that the hypotension was probably associated with rituximab administration. Conclusions: Awareness of the rapidity of this adverse effect in patients who have not received prior treatment with monoclonal antibodies is important during chemotherapy treatment.
International Year of Chemistry 2011: A Guide to the History of Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Kricka Larry J , Savory John 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUNDThis review was written as part of the celebration of the International Year of Chemistry 2011.CONTENTIn this review we provide a chronicle of the history of clinical chemistry, with a focus on North America. We outline major methodological advances and trace the development of professional societies and journals dedicated to clinical chemistry. This review also serves as a guide to reference materials for those interested in the history of clinical chemistry. The various resources available, in sound recordings, videos, moving images, image and document archives, museums, and websites dedicated to diagnostic company timelines, are surveyed.SUMMARYThese resources provide a map of how the medical subspecialty of clinical chemistry arrived at its present state. This information will undoubtedly help visionaries to determine in which direction clinical chemistry will move in the future.
Protein trans-splicing as a protein ligation tool to study protein structure and function
Authors: Aranko A. Sesilja , Volkmann Gerrit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProtein trans-splicing (PTS) exerted by split inteins is a protein ligation reaction which enables overcoming the barriers of conventional heterologous protein production. We provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in split intein engineering, as well as the achievements of PTS technology in the realm of protein structure-function analyses, including incorporation of natural and artificial protein modifications, controllable protein reconstitution, segmental isotope labeling and protein cyclization. We further discuss factors crucial for the successful implementation of PTS in these protein engineering approaches, and speculate on necessary future endeavours to make PTS a universally applicable protein ligation tool.
Interchangeability of blood gas, electrolyte and metabolite results measured with point-of-care, blood gas and core laboratory analyzers
Authors: Leino Aila , Kurvinen Kaisa 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background: The random use of point-of-care, blood gas and core laboratory analyzers to measure electrolytes and metabolites increases the variability in test results. This study was designed to determine whether these results performed on whole blood (point-of-care and blood gas) and plasma (core laboratory) platforms are interchangeable without a risk of clinically relevant discrepancies.

Methods: The interchangeability of the blood gas analysis, electrolytes, glucose, lactate and hemoglobin results performed with three stat platforms (i-STAT, Radiometer ABL 825, RapidLab 865) and two core laboratory platforms (Roche Modular P800 and Sysmex XE-2100) were evaluated using samples from critically ill patients.

Results: For pH, pCO2, pO2 and Ca2+, good correlation (r-values 0.96–1.00) was observed for all comparative analyzers and the biases were within clinically acceptable limits. Potassium, sodium, glucose, lactate and hemoglobin measured with stat analyzers was highly correlated with measurements performed using the laboratory analyzers, r-values 0.89–1.00 and slopes 0.83–1.07. Mean differences with significant bias (p<0.0001) were found for sodium with blood gas analyzers and hemoglobin with i-STAT.

Conclusions: The blood gas, K+, Na+, Ca2+, glucose and lactate results measured with stat and core laboratory analyzers can be used in different clinical settings for critical care management. However, when monitoring small changes in sodium concentrations, the use of single analyzer is encouraged to avoid analytical differences (acceptance limit ±2%) and misinterpretation of results measured with multiple analyzers. The users of the i-STAT at low hemoglobin values overdiagnose anaemia. Thus, prior to transfusion, the use of hemoglobin concentrations measured with laboratory analyzers is preferable.
CSF interleukin 6 – a useful biomarker of meningitis in adults?/Liquor Interleukin 6 – ein sinnvoller Biomarker für die Meningitis beim Erwachsenen
Authors: Kestner Marianne , Rosler Alexander Eduard , Baumgärtner Markus , Lindner Alfred , Orth Matthias 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis in adults is a rapid progressive and life threatening condition. Monitoring of cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 6 by automated chemiluminescence poses an attractive alternative to monitoring of conventional biomarkers.
Methods: In a prospective setting, we studied 523 consecutive neurological patients within a 6 month period. 419 complete datasets could be included the analysis.
Results: In control patients (with neurological disease excluded), the 95. percentile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 was 7.0 pg/mL and the ratio of CSF IL-6 /serum IL-6 was <2.67. In our population, acute inflammation of the central nervous system was observed in 5.7% of the patients only. In all patients with bacterial meningitis, very high concentrations of CSF IL-6 were observed. In viral meningitis, the concentration of CSF IL-6 was heterogeneous. In acute meningitis, the performance of CSF IL-6 was similar to the performance of CSF lactate. Very high CSF IL-6 concentrations in otherwise normal CSF were observed in few patients with seizures.
Conclusions: In adults, CSF IL-6 cannot differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. Low concentrations of CSF IL6 do not exclude viral meningitis but might be a helpful biomarker to exclude acute bacterial inflammation of the central nervous system. However, given the very low incidence of bacterial meningitis in our adult neurological population, our study does not indicate a better targeted use of antibiotic therapy when IL-6 is added to the routine CSF analysis panel.
I'm “better” than you: Social comparison language suggests quantitative differences
Authors: Bloomfield Amber N. , Choplin Jessica M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractComparison-induced distortion theory (Choplin 2007; Choplin and Hummel 2002) describes how comparison words like “better” suggest quantitative differences between compared values. When a comparison word is used to contrast a personal attribute value with some standard (e.g. “Your score is better than average”), the comparison-suggested difference for the word may bias estimates or recall of personal attribute values. Three studies investigated how comparison-suggested differences determine the effect of social comparison on estimates or recall of personal attribute values. The first study demonstrated that estimates of attributes are biased towards (assimilation) or away from (contrast) a comparison standard depending on whether the difference between the compared attribute values exceeds or falls below the comparison-suggested difference. The second study showed that the comparison language selected by participants (through the difference suggested by the language) mediated the effect of standard similarity on attribute estimates following a social comparison. The third study demonstrated concurrent assimilation and contrast effects in recall of attribute values due to the size of the observed difference between the self and the standard for the attribute. Unlike in previous research on social comparison, assimilation and contrast patterns in these studies can be explained through a single process.
Communicating temporal information about autobiographical events
Authors: Burt Christopher D. B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe communication of temporal information about autobiographical events was investigated by asking 39 pairs of adults to describe to each other a remote autobiographical event. Each member of the participant pairs was then asked to date the event which they had described and also to date the event which was described to them. The date when the event narrator stated their event happened was compared with the date when the listener stated the event happened. Four different temporal communication strategies were identified. It was rare for individuals to communicate temporal information by giving a calendar date. Rather, the narrator gave either a life theme or chronological age, as a cue to when the event happened. The listener appears to use these cues in combination with their autobiographical knowledge, and an estimate of the narrator's age to produce a temporal information communication outcome.