bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Gardenia Fruit Oil and the Analysis of Functional Components
Authors: He Wenhao , Gao Yanxiang , Yuan Fang , Bao Yani , Liu Fengze , Dong Jianqing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction of whole fruit oil from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was performed. The effect of extraction pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate on the oil yield was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that experimental data had a good fit to the proposed model (R2 = 0.938). Extraction pressure, CO2 flow rate, the quadratics of pressure, and the interaction between pressure and flow rate showed significant effects on the oil yield (p < 0.05). The optimum parameters that maximized the yield of gardenia fruit oil (GFO) were: extraction pressure of 36.8 MPa, temperature of 65 °C, and CO2 flow rate of 15 kg/h. The main fatty acid of GFO was linoleic acid (about 44%), followed by palmitic acid (about 26.4%) and oleic acid (about 24.6%). α‐Tocopherol was dominant in the total tocopherols of GFO, and showed the main antioxidant activity. The fatty acid composition and tocopherols content of GFO were not remarkably affected by the extraction by SC‐CO2 and n‐hexane.
BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with aggressive behavior in schizophrenia
Authors: Spalletta G. , Morris D.W. , Angelucci F. , Rubino I.A. , Spoletini I. , Bria P. , Martinotti G. , Siracusano A. , Bonaviri G. , Bernardini S. , Caltagirone C. , Bossù P. , Donohoe G. , Gill M. , Corvin A.P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variants may potentially influence behaviour. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and aggressive behaviour in a population of schizophrenic patients. Our results showed that increased number of BDNF Met alleles was associated with increased aggressive behaviour.
Perineal Injury in Nulliparous Women Giving Birth at a Community Hospital: Reduced Risk in Births Attended by Certified Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Browne Maureen , Jacobs Mark , Lahiff Maureen , Miller Suellen 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: Our objective was to determine if there is a difference in rates of perineal injury sustained by nulliparous women attended by obstetricians compared with certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) at a US community hospital.Methods: We analyzed retrospective data for 2819 women who spontaneously gave birth to singleton, vertex, term, live infants between 2000 and 2005. The independent variable was attendant type (obstetrician or CNM). The main outcome variables were intact perineum, episiotomy, and spontaneous perineal lacerations. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for six potential confounders: macrosomia, maternal age, epidural anesthesia, oxytocin administration, medical insurance status, and ethnicity.Results: The odds ratios (ORs) for obstetrician‐attended births versus CNM‐attended births were significant for a spontaneous minor perineal laceration versus intact perineum (OR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.48), spontaneous major laceration versus intact perineum (OR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.13–4.66), and episiotomy use versus no perineal injury, with or without extension (OR = 2.94; 95% CI, 2.01–4.29).Discussion: We found that the prevalence and severity of perineal injury, both spontaneous and from episiotomy use, were significantly lower in CNM‐attended births.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:243–249 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
Midwives and Normalcy in Childbirth: A Phenomenologic Concept Development Study
Authors: Davis Jo Anne P. 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore midwives' understanding of the concept of normalcy as experienced during the care of women during labor and birth.Methods: A two‐tier, elite sampling strategy was used to identify and enroll participants who showed a strong commitment to normalcy in childbirth care. Thirteen participants completed all study procedures, including individual interviews. Iterative rounds of qualitative analyses were conducted to describe the concept, resulting in the defining aspects of the concept, contextual dynamics that influence its manifestation, and empiric referents.Results: Midwives experience normalcy in childbirth care as 1) a wide, individualized continuum of variations; 2) interactive with the woman's unique nature, composed of her physiologic capacities and her specific life circumstances; and 3) sensitive and responsive to the contextual environment.Discussion: Midwives' experience of normalcy in childbirth admits a broad continuum of healthy variations, differing from the narrow parameters held in the predominant maternity care culture. Midwives consider the woman's nature and the context of childbirth to be interactive and significant in explaining variations in the woman's childbirth experience. The contextual environment is considered to be the most influential dynamic affecting the normalcy of childbirth.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:206–215 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
Normalizing Birth in England: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kennedy Holly Powell , Grant Jane , Walton Cathy , Shaw‐Battista Jenna , Sandall Jane 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: This study examined factors that foster or hinder the support of normal birth in two English National Health Service Trusts identified for public recognition of their work to normalize birth.Methods: This interpretative qualitative study was guided by institutional ethnographic and narrative methods. Purposive sampling was conducted to achieve maximal variation across social, demographic, cultural and ethnic groups. In‐depth interviews explored clinician's and women's views and experiences of normal birth. Ethnographic observations of practice, clinical and administrative meetings, educational sessions, and informal discussions were conducted over 6 months at one of the maternity settings. Antenatal and intrapartum clinical guidelines were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Three key strategies supported the normalization of birth: 1) an “ethos” of normality; 2) “working” the evidence; and 3) “trusting” women to make informed choices best for them. Inappropriate use of technology, disregarding risk status when assigning women to units, lack of physician preparation in normal birth, and poor staffing levels were cited as barriers.Discussion: These strategies should be carefully examined for translation to the United States and future research.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:262–269 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
The Olkhon metamorphic terrane in the Baikal region: An Early Paleozoic collage of Neoproterozoic active margin fragments
Authors: Gladkochub D.P. , Donskaya T.V. , Fedorovsky V.S. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Larionov A.N. , Sergeev S.A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We report data from the Khadarta, Khoboi, and Orso metamorphic complexes of the Olkhon terrane in the western Baikal region. High-grade rocks in the three complexes may have been derived from active continental margin rocks (island arc–backarc basin system). The backarc basin history possibly began at 840–800 Ma, according to SHRIMP-II U-Pb zircon ages of the Orso gneiss. Many tectonic units in the Olkhon terrane belonged to the active margin of the Barguzin microcontinent which rifted off the Aldan province of the Siberian craton in the early Neoproterozoic. The accretion of the microcontinent to the craton was accompanied by high-grade metamorphism recorded in the Khadarta and Khoboi granulites. The 507 ± 8 Ma and 498 ± 7 Ma SHRIMP-II U-Pb zircon ages of the latter complexes, respectively, may refer to the earliest evolution stage of the Olkhon metamorphic terrane. New data for the Olkhon terrane agree well with the ages of other high-grade complexes along the southern Siberian craton (Slyudyanka, Kitoikin, Derba) and correspond to the initiation of the Central Asian orogen. With these data, the Olkhon metamorphic terrane has been interpreted as an Early Paleozoic collisional collage of fragments of the microcontinent’s Neoproterozoic active margin.
Continental crust in Gorny Altai: nature and composition of protoliths
Authors: Kruk N.N. , Vladimirov A.G. , Babin G.A. , Shokalsky S.P. , Sennikov N.V. , Rudnev S.N. , Volkova N.I. , Kovach V.P. , Serov P.A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The history of the Vendian–Early Paleozoic formation of protoliths of continental crust in the Gorny Altai segment of the Central Asian fold belt is considered, and their composition, isotopic characteristics, and formation mechanisms are estimated. We have established two stages of crust-forming processes in Gorny Altai: Early and Late Caledonian, with the different structures of formed geoblocks and nature and compositions of crustal protoliths. At the Early Caledonian stage, fragments of oceanic lithosphere of basic composition (MORB, OIT, OIB) (TNd(DM-2st) = 0.65–1.1 Ga) formed, as well as island arcs with andesite-basaltic and andesitic protoliths with low contents of incompatible elements (TNd(DM-2st) = 0.7–0.9 Ga). At the Late Caledonian stage, the redistribution of the substance of these blocks and the external supply of material led to the formation of heterogeneous crust of turbidite basins with an oceanic basement and andesite-dacitic upper-crustal protoliths (TNd(DM-2st) varies from 0.8–0.9 Ga in the framing of the volcanic arc of Altaids to 1.4–1.6 Ga at the boundary of the Altai–Mongolian microcontinent).
The Ureg Nuur Pt-bearing volcanoplutonic picrite–basalt association in the Mongolian Altay as evidence for a Cambrian–Ordovician Large Igneous Province
Authors: Izokh A.E. , Vishnevskii A.V. , Polyakov G.V. , Kalugin V.M. , Oyunchimeg T. , Shelepaev R.A. , Egorova V.V. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The paper discusses geological, mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical data on the Ureg Nuur volcanoplutonic association of high-Mg volcanic and subvolcanic rocks located among Vendian–Cambrian accretionary structures in the Mongolian Altay. These rocks have a high potassium alkalinity (K2O/Na2O up to 1.2), are enriched in LILE and Sr, and have negative Zr–Hf and Nb anomalies in multielement spectra; this confirms the suprasubduction type of the source of melts. The geological setting and established age (512.4 ± 6.1 Ma, 39Ar–40Ar dating of biotite phenocrysts) evidence picritic magmatism at the accretionary stage of the development of the Altay fragment of the Paleoasian ocean. This indicates a large igneous province related to a mantle plume.
Physico-chemical parameters of Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian plume magmatism in the Paleo-Asian ocean (data on melt inclusions)
Authors: Simonov V.A. , Safonova I.Yu. , Kovyazin S.V. , Kotlyarov A.V. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The paper presents new data on physico-chemical parameters of the Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian plume magmatism in the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The data on clinopyroxenes show the plume-related plateaubasalt magmatic systems of the Katun’ paleoseamounts, which interacted with mid-ocean ridge (MOR) magmas. The Kurai paleoseamount consists mainly of plateaubasalt systems, and the Agardag ophiolites represent products of OIB–type “hot-spot” within-plate magmatism. Our study of inclusions showed that the melts of the Katun’ and Kurai paleoseamounts crystallized at lower temperatures (1130–1190 °C) compared to the Agardag ophiolites (1210–1255 °C). The petrochemical analysis of the melt inclusions showed that the Katun’ and Kurai magmatic systems are different from the Mg- and Ti-richer melts of the Agardag ophiolites: the former are similar to the magmas of the Nauru Basin and Ontong Java Plateau (western Pacific), whereas the latter possess geochemical affinities to OIB-type magmatism. The rare-element compositions of the melts of the Katun’ and Kurai paleoseamounts correspond to those of the Ontong Java Plateau and Nauru Basin lavas. The numerically simulated parameters of the Katun’ paleoseamount primary magmas agree with the data on the magmatic systems of the Siberian Platform and Ontong Java Plateau. For the Kurai paleoseamount, the simulated results suggest interaction of deep-seated OIB-type magmatic systems with MOR ones. The Agardag ophiolites were formed in relation to mantle plume activity at the initial stages of paleo-oceanic complexes formation.
The Late Riphean–Paleozoic history of the Uda–Vitim island arc system in the Transbaikalian sector of the Paleoasian ocean
Authors: Gordienko I.V. , Bulgatov A.N. , Ruzhentsev S.V. , Minina O.R. , Klimuk V.S. , Vetluzhskikh L.I. , Nekrasov G.E. , Lastochkin N.I. , Sitnikova V.S. , Metelkin D.V. , Goneger T.A. , Lepekhina E.N. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
New structural, petrological, chemical, isotope, and paleomagnetic data have provided clues to the Late Riphean–Paleozoic history of the Uda–Vitim island arc system (UVIAS) in the Transbaikalian sector of the Paleoasian ocean, as part of the Transbaikalian zone of Paleozoids. The island arc system consists of three units corresponding to main evolution stages: (i) Upper Riphean (Late Baikalian), (ii) Vendian–Lower Paleozoic (Caledonian), and (iii) Middle–Upper Paleozoic (Hercynian). The earliest stage produced the base of the system composed of Late Riphean ophiolite (971–892 Ma, U-Pb) and volcanic (837–789 Ma, U-Pb) and sedimentary rocks (hemipelagic siliceous sediments and dolerite sills) which represent the Barguzin–Vitim oceanic basin and the Kelyana island arc. The main event of the second stage was the formation of the large UVIAS structure (over 150,000 km2) which comprised the Transbaikalian oceanic basin, the forearc and backarc basins, and the volcanic arc itself, and consisted of many volcanic-tectonic units exceeding 100 km2 in area (Eravna, Oldynda, Abaga, etc.). Lithology, stratigraphy, major–element compositions, and isotope ages of Vendian–Cambrian volcanic rocks and associated sediments indicate strong differentiation of calc-alkaline series and the origin of the island arc system upon oceanic crust, in a setting similar to that of the today’s Kuriles–Kamchatka island arc system. The Middle–Upper Paleozoic stage completed the long UVIAS history and left its imprint in sedimentary and volcanic rocks in superposed trough basins. The rocks were studied in terms of their biostratigraphic and isotope age constraints, as well as major- and trace-element compositions, and were interpreted as products of weathering and tectonic-magmatic rework of the UVIAS units.
Vitamin D status of newborns in New Zealand
Authors: Camargo Carlos A. , Ingham Tristram , Wickens Kristin , Thadhani Ravi I. , Silvers Karen M. , Epton Michael J. , Town G. Ian , Espinola Janice A. , Crane Julian ,   the New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group
Published: April 2010

Recognition of the important non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D has focused attention on the vitamin D status of individuals across the lifespan. To examine the vitamin D status of newborns, we measured serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the cord blood of 929 apparently healthy newborns in a population-based study in New Zealand, a country at 41°S latitude, with strong anti-skin cancer (sun avoidance) campaigns and without vitamin D food fortification. Randomly selected midwives in two regions recruited children. The median cord blood level of 25(OH)D was 44 nmol/l (interquartile range, 29–78 nmol/l). Overall, 19 % of newborns had 25(OH)D levels < 25 nmol/l and 57 % had levels < 50 nmol/l; only 27 % had levels of 75 nmol/l or higher, which are levels associated with optimal health in older children and adults. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model showed that the strongest determinants of low vitamin D status were winter month of birth and non-European ethnicity. Other determinants of low cord blood 25(OH)D included longer gestational age, younger maternal age and a parental history of asthma. In summary, low levels of vitamin D are common among apparently healthy New Zealand newborns, and are independently associated with several easily identified factors. Although the optimal timing and dosage of vitamin D supplementation require further study, our findings may assist future efforts to correct low levels of 25(OH)D among New Zealand mothers and their newborn children.
Selective lateral laser thyroarytenoid myotomy for adductor spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: Hussain A , Shakeel M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective:Selective lateral laser thyroarytenoid myotomy is a conceptually sound, simple, minimally invasive, repeatable and predictable new surgical procedure for treating adductor spasmodic dysphonia. This paper aims to introduce and describe the surgical technique, and to present a clinical case series and its outcomes.Study design:A prospective, clinical case series treated with selective lateral laser thyroarytenoid myotomy, with follow up of 2.5 years.Method:Pre- and post-operative data were collected prospectively for patients undergoing selective lateral laser thyroarytenoid myotomy. These data included patient demographics, previous interventions for adductor spasmodic dysphonia, technical aspects of surgery and clinical outcome. Outcome data included clinical assessment, voice handicap index, need for further intervention, and patient satisfaction assessed by subjective improvement (detailed subjectively by the patients themselves and objectively using the Glasgow benefit inventory).Results:Four patients (two men and two women; mean age 65 years; age range 41–80 years) were included. The mean duration of adductor spasmodic dysphonia was 11 years. All patients had previously been treated with botulinum toxin A. All patients reported improvement in voice quality, fluency, sustainability and elimination of voice breaks over 2.5 years' follow up. Clinical assessment revealed no alteration in mucosal wave, and complete relief of hyperadduction was observed on phonation. No patients required supplementary botulinum toxin treatment during follow up.Conclusion:Selective lateral laser thyroarytenoid myotomy seems to represent a curative procedure for adductor spasmodic dysphonia, a chronic, debilitating condition. This procedure is conceptually simple, minimally invasive and repeatable. It also seems to offer a safe and lasting alternative to botulinum toxin therapy.
Diagnostic challenges in tuberculous otitis media
Authors: Tang I P , Prepageran N , Ong C A , Puraviappan P 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives:To demonstrate the different clinical presentations of tuberculous otitis media and the management of selected cases.Case report:We report four cases of tuberculous otitis media with different clinical presentations, encountered between 1998 and 2002. None of the cases showed improvement with local or systemic antibiotics. The diagnosis, complications and management of these cases are discussed.Conclusions:A high index of clinical suspicion of tuberculous otitis media is required in patients who do not respond to standard antibiotic therapy for (nontuberculous) chronic middle-ear infection. Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous otitis media is important to avoid irreversible complications, surgical intervention and propagation of the disease.
Associations between vaccinations against protozoal and viral infections and Salmonella in broiler flocks
Authors: VOLKOVA V. V. , WILLS R. W. , HUBBARD S. A. , MAGEE D. , BYRD J. A. , BAILEY R. H. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYReducing the burden of Salmonella in broiler flocks presents a challenge for public health. Worldwide, grow-out broilers are routinely vaccinated to prevent or lessen clinical manifestation of other infections. In this exploratory analysis we tested if details of a routine vaccination programme delivered to conventional grow-out broilers were associated with the burden of Salmonella in the flock as it progressed through its production cycle. None of the flocks studied were vaccinated against Salmonella or received a competitive exclusion product. The flocks were reared on conventional grow-out farms in southeastern USA, and sampled in a prospective field observational study. We observed significant associations between the content and design of a grow-out vaccination programme targeting other infections and the probability of detecting Salmonella in the broiler flock at different time points throughout the production cycle. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first field report of such associations.
Equine and canine influenza: a review of current events
Authors: Gibbs E. Paul J. , Anderson Tara C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the past decade, the pandemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and the novel H1N1 influenza have both illustrated the potential of influenza viruses to rapidly emerge and spread widely in animals and people. Since both of these viruses are zoonotic, these pandemics have been the driving force behind a renewed commitment by the medical and veterinary professions to practice One World, One Health for the control of infectious diseases. The discovery in 2004 that an equine origin H3N8 influenza virus was the cause of an extensive epidemic of respiratory disease in dogs in the USA came as a surprise; at that time dogs were thought to be refractory to infection with influenza viruses. In 2007, a second emerging canine influenza was confirmed in Korea, but this time the causal virus was an H3N2 avian influenza virus. This review focuses on recent events associated with equine and canine influenza viruses. While these viruses do not appear to be zoonotic, the close association between humans and dogs, and to a lesser extent horses, demands that we develop better surveillance and control strategies for emerging diseases in companion animals within the context of One World, One Health.
GLMM-based modelling of growth in juvenile Octopus maya siblings: does growth depend on initial size?
Authors: Briceño Felipe , Mascaró Maite , Rosas Carlos 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Briceño, F., Mascaró, M., and Rosas, C. 2010. GLMM-based modelling of growth in juvenile Octopus maya siblings: does growth depend on initial size? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1509–1516. In most studies on cephalopod growth, variability in initial size is masked by the assumption of a similar growth “starting point” for all hatchlings and by calculating the growth rate (GR) through modelling the average size of individuals through time. Statistical interpretations based on such models are limited because regression assumptions (e.g. homoscedasticity and independence between subjects) are frequently violated. To avoid these limitations, generalized linear mixed modelling was used to model the early growth of two sets of siblings of the holobenthic octopus Octopus maya under controlled conditions. The aim was to (i) determine the effect of initial weight (IW) on the GR of individuals grouped in three size categories (small, medium, and large), (ii) obtain statistically reliable estimates of parameters in an exponential growth model for juveniles up to 105 d old, and (iii) evaluate the influence of hatching date on weight at hatching. Using restricted maximum likelihood, linear models were fitted between (i) IW and final weight (FW) for octopuses in each size category, and (ii) the natural logarithm of IW as a function of time. The models were validated by visually inspecting the residuals. Individual FW depended on IW, but GR did not differ between juveniles of different sizes. The exponential growth model for individuals of all size categories was, with εi ∼ N(0,σ2 [agei]2δ). Hatching date had no effect on hatching size (F = 1.93; p = 0.11). The GR value is similar to those reported for other holobenthic species, and one of the first estimates of the magnitude (δ = 0.20) and structure of the increase in variance of individual weight through time is provided.