bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of Myers Briggs Type Indicator personality profiling in emergency department senior medical staff
Authors: Boyd Russell , Brown Terry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To study the viability of using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in senior ED medical staff and to examine what trends, if any, in personality types exist within the speciality.Methods:  A pilot cross‐sectional survey was undertaken during which a standard MBTI questionnaire was sent anonymously to a convenience sample of senior ED medical staff in Tasmania and South Australia. Completed surveys after a second mailing were analysed and the results collated.Results:  Of 82 senior ED medical staff surveyed, 68 returned completed questionnaires (response rate 83%). The single most common personality group in the cohort was the (Extrovert/Intuitive/Thinking/Judging) ENTJ type exhibited by 12 (17.7%, 95% CI 9.4–28.7%) clinicians in the cohort. This group is present at a rate of 3% in the general population. In terms of individual traits, Introversion was exhibited by 33 (48.5%, 95% CI 36.2–61%), Intuitive traits by 40 (58.8%, 95% CI 46.2–70.6%), Thinking traits by 40 (58.8%, 95% CI 46.2–70.6%) and Judging traits by 53 (77.9%, 95% CI 66.2–87.1%) of our cohort of senior ED medical staff.Conclusion:  Our senior ED medical staff cohort suggests notable variations from the general population in terms of their MBTI profiles.
Factors that impact upon the time to hospital presentation following the onset of chest pain
Authors: Taylor David McD , Garewal Devinder , Carter Michael , Bailey Michael , Aggarwal Anuradha 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Although morbidity and mortality associated with chest pain are related to time to intervention, many patients have delayed ED presentations. We aimed to assess the extent of and reasons for prehospital delay, and identify patient subgroups more at risk of delayed presentation.Methods:  This was an analytical, cross‐sectional survey of patients with undifferentiated, potentially ischaemic chest pain, at a tertiary referral ED. Data were collected on the circumstances surrounding the chest pain incident (including components of total prehospital time) and the proportion of delayed presentations (defined as >3 h). Multiple linear regression determined variables significantly associated with prehospital time.Results:  One hundred and fifty patients were enrolled. Mean age was 51.9 ± 15.9 years and 90 (60.0%, 95% CI 51.7–67.8) were male. The mean total prehospital time was 6.38 h (median 3.17). Seventy‐nine (52.7%, 95% CI 44.4–60.8) patients had a delayed presentation (>3 h) and those most at risk of this were those at home at pain onset and those with a history of AMI. The decision time (from onset of pain to decision to present) comprised the majority (82.8%) of total prehospital time. Factors positively associated with decision time were: waiting to see if symptoms resolved (P < 0.0001), seeking GP advice (P < 0.0001), fluctuating symptoms (P = 0.02), embarrassment (P = 0.01) and attributing symptoms to muscle problems (P = 0.04). Nine patients diagnosed with AMI had a mean total prehospital time of 10.2 h.Conclusion:  Intensified efforts are required to promote awareness of the need to present directly to the ED upon the onset of chest pain. The factors associated with decision delay may help to inform revisions in public education initiatives.
Australasian Triage Scale: Consumer perspective
Authors: Meek Robert , Phiri Wilson 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: To determine the ED consumers’ level of understanding, acceptance and desire for knowledge regarding the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS), and to determine the ED staff's attitudes towards open provision of ATS information.Methods: Convenience sampling of 289 ED consumers and 56 staff was undertaken. Data were collected by self‐administered questionnaires.Results: In total, 289 consumers (100%) and 45 staff (80.3%) agreed to participate. One hundred and forty‐seven (50.8%, 95% CI 45.0–56.6) consumers linked triage with determination of medical urgency. Two hundred and fourteen (74.0%, 95% CI 68.9–79.1) wanted to know their ATS category and 236 (81.7%, 95% CI 77.1–86.1) wanted ongoing waiting time information. Only 114 (39.4%, 95% CI 33.7–45.1) consumers wanted input into their triage rating. Staff felt the ATS was fair, but were uncertain about providing specific initial and ongoing ATS information. Staff were strongly against any consumer input into the triage process.Conclusions: Patients do not understand the ATS well, and would like to be provided with more specific initial and ongoing information, but staff uncertainty needs to be overcome before consumers’ wishes can be better addressed.
Patient delay and use of ambulance by patients with chest pain
Authors: Ingarfield Sharyn L , Jacobs Ian G , Jelinek George A , Mountain David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To identify the reasons why patients with chest pain delay in seeking hospital medical care and do or do not use an ambulance.Methods:  One hundred and fifty‐one patients with an ED diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or angina were interviewed about demographic characteristics, medical history, symptom onset, time taken before deciding to call an ambulance or go to hospital (delay time) and transport used. Multiple logistic regression determined independent predictors of late presentation (delay time >30 min) and ambulance use.Results:  One hundred and twelve (74.2%, 95% CI 67.0–81.0%) patients delayed more than 30 min. Independent predictors of late presentation were: seeing a general practitioner (GP) (P = 0.001), having prior heart problems (P = 0.009) and symptoms occurring at night (P = 0.036). Eighty‐one (54.7%, 95% CI 47.0–63.0%) patients used an ambulance. Predictors of ambulance use were increased age (P = 0.025) and having ambulance insurance (P = 0.018), although there was interaction between these variables.Conclusions:  Education programmes should continue to emphasize that chest pain is a potential medical emergency and an ambulance should be called. GPs should consider developing an action plan to manage patients presenting with chest pain.
Ovarian torsion: 10‐year perspective
Authors: White Melissa , Stella Julian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To define the presenting symptoms and clinical progress of surgically proven cases of ovarian torsion presenting to a tertiary women's hospital.Methods:  A retrospective case review of surgically proven ovarian torsion at The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne between 8 May 1990 and 8 May 2000.Results:  Fifty‐two cases were identified. Median age at presentation was 33.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28.7–39.3). Known risk factors at presentation were found in 16 (30.8%, 95% CI: 26.9–34.6%) cases including 6/49 (12.2%, 95% CI 11.1–12.4%) with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The main clinical features included: sudden pain (20/23, 87%, 95% CI 75–98.9%), nausea/vomiting (23/39, 59%, 95% CI 49.9–68.1%) and palpable abdominal mass (23/37, 62.2%, 95% CI 52.4–71.9%). Median symptom duration was 3 days (IQR: 1–7.25). Median time to diagnosis was 22 h (IQR: 7.8–55.0). The diagnosis was mostly made at surgery (36, 69.2%, 95% CI 60.5–77.9%) with clinically suspicion in 10 (19.2%, 95% CI 17.2–21.3%) and sonographic suspicion/confirmation in six (11.5%, 95% CI 10.5–12.5%) cases. Ultrasound was performed in 31 (59.6%, 95% CI 51.7–67.6%) cases. Underlying pathologies included: ovarian cysts (27, 51.9%, 95% CI 44.9–59.0%) and tumours (16, 30.8%, 95% CI 26.9–34.6%) – mostly benign. Ovarian preservation occurred in 16 (30.8%, 95% CI 26.9–34.6%) cases with no demonstrable association to patient age, time to diagnosis or known risk factors.Conclusion:  The diagnosis of ovarian torsion remains challenging. Clinical characteristics lack sensitivity and specificity and ultrasound diagnosis is not definitive. Laparoscopy remains the investigation of choice. Despite delays in diagnosis this study demonstrates relatively high ovarian salvage rates compared with most published data.
Emergency weight estimation in Pacific Island and Maori children who are large‐for‐age
Authors: Theron Lynn , Adams Adrienne , Jansen Karl , Robinson Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  Methods to estimate weights of children requiring resuscitation appeared to underestimate the weight of Pacific Island and Maori children. This study sought to quantify differences between real and estimated weights, study links with ethnicity and derive a new estimation method for large‐for‐age children.Method:  Data were collected prospectively for 3 months. Weights were estimated by formulae described by Shann, Leffler, the Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) formula, the Oakley resuscitation chart and the Broselow tape.Results:  Of the 909 children included, 46% were of Pacific Island and 25% were of Maori origin. Differences between actual and estimated weights were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the Pacific Island group using all methods of estimation. Maori differences were significantly greater than European differences using Oakley and Broselow methods (P < 0.05). The Broselow tape was the method most likely to underestimate weight in Pacific Island and Maori children. A new formula was derived from non‐linear regression analysis, leading to a new chart.Conclusion:  Current emergency methods underestimate weight in Pacific Island and Maori children. We recommend a new chart for these children.
Two cases of amisulpride overdose: A cause for prolonged QT syndrome
Authors: Ward David Ian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo cases of deliberate self‐poisoning with 5 g and 3.6 g of amisulpride, respectively, are reported. In both cases, QT prolongation and hypocalcaemia were noted. The QT prolongation appeared to respond to administration of i.v. calcium gluconate.
Review article: Safety profile of propofol for paediatric procedural sedation in the emergency department
Authors: Lamond David W 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of propofol for paediatric procedural sedation (PPS) is increasing because of its favourable pharmacodynamic profile. Its paediatric use has been limited in some ED (emergency departments) because of the perceived high rate of serious adverse events in comparison with other sedation agents. A systematic literature review of propofol use for PPS outside the operating theatre environment from 1966 to 2008 was carried out to profile the adverse event rate in comparison with other procedural sedation agents. Sixty studies with a total of 17 066 paediatric propofol sedations in a variety of hospital settings were identified. The incidence of complications were: desaturation 9.3%, apnoea 1.9%, assisted ventilation 1.4%, hypotension 15.4%, unplanned intubation 0.02%, emesis post procedure 0.14%, laryngospasm 0.1% and bradycardia 0.1%. There were no reported incidents of aspiration or emesis during sedation and there were no deaths associated with procedural propofol sedation. The use of propofol for PPS is associated with a low rate of minor adverse events that are all reversible with minimal intervention and do not produce long‐term sequelae and occur at similar rates to minor adverse events experienced with other sedation agents. Major adverse events with propofol sedation are extremely rare and appropriate patient and procedure selection would decrease these risks further. The increasing use of propofol for ED PPS is supported by the current evidence because of its comparable adverse event rate to other agents.
Obesity significantly increases the difficulty of patient management in the emergency department
Authors: Kam Jeremy , Taylor David McD 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To determine which aspects of ED management are adversely affected by patient obesity, to determine the level of obesity above which management is made more difficult and to make recommendations on how these effects might be mitigated.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional survey of patients and the staff caring for them in a single ED. Doctors, nurses and radiographers managing consecutive patients, during a range of enrolment periods, completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Each was asked to record how the level of their patient's obesity increased the difficulty of specific management items, using a Likert scale. Staff also provided recommendations to mitigate the effects of obesity for each patient, if applicable. For each management item, body mass index (BMI) and management difficulty were correlated (Spearman's rank correlation).Results:  Seven hundred and fifty patients and their ED carers were enrolled. Patient BMI was positively correlated with all aspects of ED clinical management examined (correlation coefficient range 0.28–0.57, P < 0.001). BMI most strongly correlated with difficulty in finding anatomical landmarks, venous pressure measurement, physical examination, patient positioning and procedures generally, especially cannulation and venipuncture (coefficient > 0.5, P < 0.001). Doctors reported more difficulties than nurses and radiographers. Generally, management difficulty did not increase until the BMI was in the obese or morbidly obese range. Most staff recommendations related to issues of patient mobility including equipment, staffing and bariatric devices.Conclusion:  Patient obesity significantly increases the difficulty of ED patient management. Staff recommendations to mitigate these effects were few but may inform changes in ED practice.
Tram‐related trauma in Melbourne, Victoria
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Al Jubair Jubair , Cameron Peter A , Gabbe Belinda J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  To establish the incidence and pattern of injuries in patients presenting to hospital with tram‐related injuries.Methods:  Data on tram‐related injury pertaining to 2001–2008 calendar years were extracted from three datasets: the population‐based Victorian State Trauma Registry for major trauma cases, the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset for ED presentations and the National Coroners' Information System for deaths. Incidence rates adjusted for the population of Melbourne, and trends in the incidence of tram‐related ED presentations and major trauma cases, were analysed and presented as incidence rate ratios (IRR).Results:  There were 1769 patients who presented to ED after trauma related to trams in Melbourne during the study period. Of these, 107 patients had injuries classified as major trauma. There was a significant increase in the rate of ED presentations (IRR 1.03, P= 0.010) with falls (46%) the most commonly reported mechanism. Most falls occurred inside the trams. There was also a significant increase in the incidence rates of major trauma cases (IRR 1.12, P= 0.006) with pedestrians accounting for most major trauma cases.Conclusions:  Most cases of trauma related to trams have minor injuries and are discharged following ED management. Primary prevention of falls in trams and the separation of pedestrians from trams are key areas requiring immediate improvement. In the face of increasing trauma associated with trams, continuing safety surveillance and targeted public safety messages are important to sustain trams as safe and effective mode of transport.
Preparedness for short‐term isolation among Queensland residents: Implications for pandemic and disaster planning
Authors: Aitken Peter , Leggat Peter A , Brown Lawrence H , Speare Richard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  Short‐term isolation might occur during pandemic disease or natural disasters. We sought to measure preparedness for short‐term isolation in an Australian state during pandemic (H1N1) 2009.Methods:  Data were collected as part of the Queensland Social Survey (QSS) 2009. Two questions related to preparedness for 3 days of isolation were incorporated into QSS 2009. Associations between demographic variables and preparedness were analysed using χ2, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results:  Most respondents (93.6%; confidence interval [CI] 92.2–94.9%) would have enough food to last 3 days, but only 53.6% (CI 50.9–56.4%) would have sufficient food and potable water if isolated for 3 days with an interruption in utility services. Subpopulations that were less likely to have sufficient food and potable water reserves for 3 days' isolation without utility services included single people, households with children under 18 years of age, people living in South‐East Queensland or urban areas, those with higher levels of education and people employed in health or community service occupations.Conclusions:  The majority of Queensland's population consider themselves to have sufficient food supplies to cope with isolation for a period of 3 days. Far fewer would have sufficient reserves if they were isolated for a similar period with an interruption in utility services. The lower level of preparedness among health and community service workers has implications for maintaining the continuity of health services.
An Ethic of Political Reconciliation
Authors: Philpott Daniel 
Published: September 2010

The core proposition of this article is that reconciliation, both as a process and an end state, is a concept of justice. Its animating virtue is mercy and its goal is peace. These concepts are expressed most deeply in religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The idea of justice as right relationship is also found in the contemporary restorative justice movement, an approach to criminal justice that has emerged in the past generation.For contemporary political orders addressing past war, genocide, and authoritarianism, the holistic justice of reconciliation involves not only the legal guarantee and actual practice of human rights and the laws of war but also a redress of the range of wounds that political injustices inflict. Reconciliation is achieved through a set of six political practices that seek to restore a measure of human flourishing. A secondary fruit of these practices is an increase in the legitimacy that citizens bequeath to their governing institutions or to their state's relationship with other states.The article takes a close look at two of the practices that are often thought to be at odds in addressing past injustices—punishment and forgiveness—and argues that when viewed as practices that reflect and participate in a restorative concept of justice, punishment and forgiveness become compatible in principle—with important implications for the politics of facing past evil
Self and Other: Continental and Classical Chinese Thought
Authors: Burik Steven 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTraditionally, metaphysical notions of self and other presuppose a dualism that underlies much of Western philosophy. This dualism is opposed by accounts of self and other in recent continental philosophy and classical Chinese philosophy, which I compare. I argue that the self is seen in continental and Chinese thought as embedded in (ethical) relations and language, and not as transcendent or prior in the metaphysical sense to them. I argue for this by focussing on three themes: self and language, self as relational and embedded in the world or contextual environment, and self and the particular other. These three themes show that the complexity and dynamic of the self‐other relation is much more realistically conveyed by continental and classical Chinese thought than by the traditional metaphysical account.
Fixed‐ versus Variable‐domain Interpretations of Tarski’s Account of Logical Consequence
Authors: Mancosu Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article I describe and evaluate the debate that surrounds the proper interpretation of Tarski’s account of logical consequence given in his classic 1936 article ‘On the concept of logical consequence’. In the late 1980s Etchemendy argued that the familiar model theoretic account of logical consequence is not to be found in Tarski’s original article. Whereas the contemporary account of logical consequence is a variable‐domain conception – in that it calls for a reinterpretation of the domain of variation of the quantifiers when evaluating logical consequence –, no such reinterpretation is found in Tarski’s original account, which was rather based on a ‘fixed‐domain’ conception. Etchemendy’s claims have sparked a debate on Tarski’s conception of logical consequence with important contributions by, among others, Bach, Bays, Corcoran, Gómez‐Torrente, Mancosu, Ray, Sagüillo, and Sher.
China's Sustained Economic Growth: Do Direct R&D Spillovers Matter?
Authors: Jiang Renai , Cai Hong , Li Yali , Li Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing data from 1986–2005, the present paper estimates the impact of direct knowledge spilled over from G‐7 countries on China's economy. We use telephone line penetration rates and personnel flows to estimate the direct spillover effect. Our results show that direct knowledge spillovers through telecommunication networks and personnel flows are important components of international R&D spillovers in China. These direct channels of spillover effectively accelerate China's economic growth. Therefore, China should invest more in human capital and in its telecommunication network to enhance the absorptive capacity of direct R&D spillovers, and to increase communication with other nations, in particular the USA and Japan. More subsidies to domestic R&D research and purchase of intermediate goods will help to raise China's R&D intensity.
China's Penetration of the Korean Market: Stylized Facts and Welfare Effect
Authors: Kang Kichun , Ahn Byung Chul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChina's penetration of the world market has been impressive. This paper uses highly disaggregated Korean import data (from 1992 to 2008) to examine China's penetration of the Korean market in the context of the composition of value (the extensive and intensive margins) and the product type (homogeneous and differentiated) in trade. The increase in Chinese imports has been attributed to the rapid increase in the import of new products (the extensive margin) and of existing products (the intensive margin). However, the growth rate of new products decelerated in the 2000s. The growth in the intensive margin was due to quantity, not price. Chinese imports to Korea did not improve over the period in terms of quality. Although Chinese products became cheaper, they were more differentiated over time. Welfare gains were realized through the expanded introduction of new products from China. However, much of the gains from Korea's Chinese product import boom were realized in earlier years (1992–2000) because even though imported products became more differentiated, the increase in the extensive margin was lower in more recent years (2001–2008).
R&D, Human Capital Investment and Productivity: Firm‐level Evidence from China's Electronics Industry
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hai , Lin Chun‐Hung , Ma Daw 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing firm‐level panel data covering 2005–2007, the present paper examines the effects of R&D and human capital investment on productivity in China's electronics industry. It is found that both R&D and on‐the‐job training positively contribute to total factor productivity (TFP). Firms' investment in employees' health insurance and pensions, which are components of workers' compensation, generate a productivity‐enhancing effect, supporting the efficiency wage hypothesis. The estimated impact of R&D on productivity varies among different forms of ownership, and foreign‐owned enterprises experience higher R&D efficiency than state or private enterprises. After controlling for potential endogenous causality between TFP and R&D, the above findings remain unchanged. We also find that on‐the‐job training can improve the quality of human capital and is helpful in promoting productivity. Therefore, establishing indigenous technological capability through various technological sources is quite important, and the government should devote further effort to investing in human capital.