bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition for Order Flow and Smart Order Routing Systems
Authors: FOUCAULT THIERRY , MENKVELD ALBERT J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe study the rivalry between Euronext and the London Stock Exchange (LSE) in the Dutch stock market to test hypotheses about the effect of market fragmentation. As predicted by our theory, the consolidated limit order book is deeper after entry of the LSE. Moreover, cross‐sectionally, we find that a higher trade‐through rate in the entrant market coincides with less liquidity supply in this market. These findings imply that (i) fragmentation of order flow can enhance liquidity supply and (ii) protecting limit orders against trade‐throughs is important.
Deficits in fronto‐posterior interactions point to inefficient resource allocation in schizophrenia
Authors: Sharma A. , Weisbrod M. , Kaiser S. , Markela‐Lerenc J. , Bender S. 
Published: September 2010

Sharma A, Weisbrod M, Kaiser S, Markela‐Lerenc J, Bender S. Deficits in fronto‐posterior interactions point to inefficient resource allocation in schizophrenia.Objective:  Fronto‐posterior networks have been implicated in various cognitive processes that are impaired in schizophrenia. This is the first study on time and frequency resolved fronto‐posterior coherence during cognitive control in schizophrenia.Method:  We examined 16 schizophrenic/schizoaffective patients and 20 age‐matched controls performing a choice‐reaction task. Fronto‐posterior coherence was analyzed for event‐related increases with respect to the inter‐trial interval. Furthermore, we compared the two groups for event‐related coherence during the task‐related time intervals which showed a significant coherence increase with respect to the inter‐trial interval, as well as for absolute coherence during the inter‐trial interval.Results:  Event‐related coherence was significantly reduced in patients during time intervals (0–250 ms poststimulus) when controls showed significant event‐related coherence increases. However, patients showed significantly higher absolute coherence during the inter‐trial interval. These results pointed to differential deficits in fronto‐posterior connectivity during the inter‐trial interval and task‐related conditions in schizophrenia.Conclusion:  Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia might be driven by abnormal fronto‐posterior communication. Task‐related hypo‐connectivity and inter‐trial interval hyper‐connectivity point to resource allocation deficits. The timing of cortico‐cortical interactions during crucial task‐related intervals may be impaired, while frontal and posterior areas may exhibit increased interactions between the trials.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia‐associated immune thrombocytopenia treated with rituximab: a retrospective study of 21 patients
Authors: D’Arena Giovanni , Capalbo Silvana , Laurenti Luca , Del Poeta Giovanni , Nunziata Giuseppe , Deaglio Silvia , Spinosa Giuseppina , Tarnani Michela , De Padua Laura , Califano Catello , Ferrara Felicetto , Cascavilla Nicola 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  There are no standard therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)‐associated immune thrombocytopenia (IT) so far.Patients and methods:  We report the results of therapy with single agent rituximab in 21 patients with CLL‐associated IT. The mean age at CLL and IT diagnosis was 64 and 68 yr, respectively. IT developed at a mean time of 44 months from the diagnosis of CLL. In four cases, IT was diagnosed at the same time as CLL. For three patients, IT was considered fludarabine‐related and two patients showed autoimmune hemolysis also. All patients but one received steroids as first‐line treatment for IT. Some patients received intravenous high‐dose Ig, vincristine, and Cytoxan also, without beneficial effect. After a mean time of 43 d from the diagnosis of IT, all patients were scheduled to receive rituximab at a dosage of 375 mg/mq/weekly.Results:  Eighteen (86%) patients completed the scheduled four cycles of rituximab. Irrelevant first infusion side effects were seen only in one patient. Twelve (57%) patients showed a complete response (CR), six (29%) patients a partial response (PR), and three (14%) patients did not respond. In responding patients, the mean duration of response was 21 months (4–49 months). At a mean follow‐up of 28 months, 14 (66%) patients were still alive, 10 (48%) of them in CR and three (14%) in PR.Conclusions:  This retrospective analysis prove that rituximab is an effective and well‐tolerated alternative treatment for CLL‐associated IT.
Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan
Authors: Pothoven S. A. , Hondorp D. W. , Nalepa T. F. 
Published: September 2010

Pothoven SA, Hondorp DW, Nalepa TF. Declines in deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii energy density associated with the disappearance of Diporeia spp. in lakes Huron and Michigan. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 14–22. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Abstract –  The deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii is a glacial relict in the Laurentian Great Lakes that primarily consumes two glacial relict crustaceans, Mysis relicta and Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin were collected in Lake Michigan off Little Sable Point (in 2001) and Muskegon, Michigan (in 2001 and 2009), and in Lake Huron off Harbor Beach, Michigan (in 2007) for energy density and diet analyses. These sites and years represented differences in available prey. In Lake Michigan, energy densities of deepwater sculpin in 2001 were similar to those reported in 1969–1971. In contrast, energy content declined at least 26% at Muskegon between 2001 and 2009. Overall, energy density was 31–34% higher at a site with abundant Diporeia spp. compared with two sites without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin diets consisted primarily of M. relicta at all sites, but included 10–17% (dry mass) Diporeia spp. at sites where this crustacean was still abundant. Food biomass in stomachs was higher at sites with abundant Diporeia spp. than at those without Diporeia spp. Deepwater sculpin energy density and food biomass in stomachs were similar between two sites without Diporeia spp. despite differences in abundance of remaining prey, M. relicta. Declines in deepwater sculpin energy density suggest the potential for further effects on other species and changes in the flow of energy through the food web of the Great Lakes.
A three‐dimensional model of mammalian tyrosinase active site accounting for loss of function mutations
Authors: Schweikardt Thorsten , Olivares Concepción , Solano Francisco , Jaenicke Elmar , García‐Borrón José Carlos , Decker Heinz 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTyrosinases are the first and rate‐limiting enzymes in the synthesis of melanin pigments responsible for colouring hair, skin and eyes. Mutation of tyrosinases often decreases melanin production resulting in albinism, but the effects are not always understood at the molecular level. Homology modelling of mouse tyrosinase based on recently published crystal structures of non‐mammalian tyrosinases provides an active site model accounting for loss‐of‐function mutations. According to the model, the copper‐binding histidines are located in a helix bundle comprising four densely packed helices. A loop containing residues M374, S375 and V377 connects the CuA and CuB centres, with the peptide oxygens of M374 and V377 serving as hydrogen acceptors for the NH‐groups of the imidazole rings of the copper‐binding His367 and His180. Therefore, this loop is essential for the stability of the active site architecture. A double substitution 374MS375→374GG375 or a single M374G mutation lead to a local perturbation of the protein matrix at the active site affecting the orientation of the H367 side chain, that may be unable to bind CuB reliably, resulting in loss of activity. The model also accounts for loss of function in two naturally occurring albino mutations, S380P and V393F. The hydroxyl group in S380 contributes to the correct orientation of M374, and the substitution of V393 for a bulkier phenylalanine sterically impedes correct side chain packing at the active site. Therefore, our model explains the mechanistic necessity for conservation of not only active site histidines but also adjacent amino acids in tyrosinase.
NON‐NEWTONIAN CANNED LIQUID FOOD, UNSTEADY FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER PREDICTION FOR PASTEURIZATION AND STERILIZATION
Authors: MORAGA NELSON , TORRES ALEJANDRA , GUARDA ABEL , GALOTTO MARÍA JOSÉ 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTUnsteady fluid mechanics and natural convective heat transfer during pasteurization and sterilization for aqueous (CMC solution) and fatty (soybean oil) liquid foods were numerically predicted by means of noncommercial computational program developed in this work. This software is based on the finite volume method and the food simulants are assumed to be non‐Newtonian fluids with a temperature‐dependent power‐law viscosity model. Different cylindrical container materials were analyzed (LDPE, PA, PP, galvanized steel), with h/d equal to 0.53, 1.56 and 3.12. Results obtained show that the time required for sterilization is strongly dependent on the liquid food rheological behavior. A recirculating flow pattern was found inside the cylindrical container for the aqueous food stimulant. The Tshz variation with the dimensionless time was faster heating when the h/d decreases. The fastest heating pasteurization and sterilization processes were obtained for CMC solutions inside cylindrical packages with a pseudoplastic behavior.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is a vast body of literature about transport phenomena of thermal treatment of packaged food. However, this literature is restricted when the analyzed foods show a non‐Newtonian behavior. The methodology described in this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of pasteurization and sterilization of packaged non‐Newtonian liquid foods through the implementation of a fast and accurate tool for the optimization of the operational parameters in these treatments, as well as in the design of packaging materials. Commercially available computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool for the analysis of transient heat transfer packages that allow it to simulate almost any geometry or even import it as Computer Aided Design (CFX, FLUENT and others). Also, rheological properties can be introduced by applying user‐defined functions. The noncommercial computational program developed in this work allows modifying operation, rheological and design parameters without restrictions. The versatility of these tools can complement experimental studies decreasing the time required to the design of the package and its associated costs.On the other hand, an accurate prediction of the unsteady fluid mechanics and natural convective heat transfer during thermal treatments allows estimating the adequate conditions to preserve the quality of packaged foods, along with reduction in energy consumption, resulting in low contamination.
Calcific annuli in the aorta of a dog
Authors: DEAR M. G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis report describes a case with calcific annuli in the aorta, together with severe mitral insufficiency of the heart as well as myocarditis and bronchitis. Physical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, biochemical and haematological features are reported. The incidence of calcification of the cardiovascular system, the site and nature of the calcific lesion and haeniodynamic correlates with the combination of coarctation of the aorta and mitral insufficiency in man are discussed.Résumé. On rapporte un cas de calcifications annulaires de l'aorte, accompagnées d'insuffisance mitrale, de myocardite et de bronchite; on décrit les constatations d'ordre physique, radiologique, électrocardiographique, biochimique et hématologique. On discute la fréquence des calcifications du système cardiovasculaire, leur siège, leur nature, leurs implications hémodynamiques et les rapports qui existent entre elles et l'association du rétrécissement aortique et l'insuffisance mitrale dans l'espèce humaine.Zusammenfassung. Dieser Bericht beschreibt einen Fall von calcifizierten Annuli in der Aorta in Verbindung mit schwerer Mitralinsuffizienz des Herzens, Myocarditis und Bronchitis. Körperliche, röntgenologische, elektrokardiographische, biochemische und hämatologische Befunde werden angegeben. Korrelationen der Häufigkeit der Calcifizierung des cardiovasculären Systems, des Ortes und des Charakters dieser Läsion und der Blutdruckverhältnisse mit der Kombination von Aortenisthmusstenose und Mitralinsuffizienz beim Menschen werden besprochen.
Renal function in dogs with lymphosarcoma and associated hypercalcaemia
Authors: Weller R. E. , Hoffinan W. E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTRenal function was investigated in 12 dogs with lymphosarcoma and accompanying hypercalcaemia. There was no age or breed predilection. Renal function was evaluated using the endogenous clearance of creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate and urinary and fractional excretion of endogenous substances. Standard serum biochemical determinations and urinalyses were also employed. Serum calcium concentrations were high (>2·99 mmol/litre) in ail dogs, while serum phosphorus concentrations approximated or were below those of normocal‐caemic dogs in most cases. Hypercalcaemic nephropathy and impaired renal function were evident in all 12 dogs studied. Ten of the dogs (83 per cent) were isosthenuria and 11 (92 per cent) were hypercalciuric. Endogenous creatinine clearance was reduced by more than 50 per cent in all dogs examined. Urinary and fractional excretions of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride and potassium were increased over reference values. The observed alterations in renal function could be attributed to the direct effects of a high concentration of intrarenal calcium on renal tubular function and haemodynamics and to the presence of a renotropic factor that interacted specifically with the parathyroid hormone receptor in the kidney.
The Hippocratic Bargain and Health Information Technology
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: September 2010

Since the fourth century, B.C.E., the Oath of Hippocrates has been the starting point in analyzing the obligations of physicians to protect the privacy and confidentiality interests of their patients. The pertinent provision of the Oath reads as follows: “What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account must be spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.”This part of the Oath is subject to more than one interpretation, but its commonly accepted meaning provides the ethical foundation for the physician’s duty of confidentiality. The Oath expressly declares that a physician’s obligation of confidentiality applies beyond matters of medical care. At a time when there were no hospitals or physician offices, patients received medical care in their homes or in public places. Physicians treating patients in their homes could be expected to see and hear a wide range of activities that might be considered embarrassing, immoral, or even illegal.
Generation of Chemisorbed Benzyl Radicals on Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Arce Valeria B. , Rosso Janina A. , Oliveira Fernando J. V. E. , Airoldi Claudio , Soria Delia B. , Gonzalez Mónica C. , Allegretti Patricia E. , Mártire Daniel O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFunctionalized silica nanoparticles (NP) were obtained by esterification of the silanol groups of fumed silica nanoparticles with benzyl alcohol. These particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, total organic carbon, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. NP suspensions in water/acetonitrile mixtures were used as quenchers of benzophenone (BP) phosphorescence in time‐resolved experiments at the excitation wavelength of 266 nm. The phosphorescence signals obtained in the presence of the nanoparticles were fitted to biexponential decays. Both decays were accelerated in the presence of increasing amounts of NP. A model, including the reversible adsorption of BP on the NP, which was supported by computer simulations accounts for the observed results. Laser flash‐photolysis experiments with excitation at 266 nm of NP suspensions in water/acetonitrile in the presence of BP generated benzyl radicals that were attached to the silica surface. These radicals were detected at their absorption maxima (320 nm) by transient optical techniques.
Runoff management during the September 2008 floods in the Belford catchment, Northumberland
Authors: Wilkinson M.E. , Quinn P.F. , Welton P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn 5–6th September 2008, prolonged rainfall in the north east of England resulted in flooding in many towns. Belford lies within this region and has a history of flooding, but on this occasion, flooding was minimal. Numerous houses and businesses are at a risk of flooding but traditional flood defence measures are not considered to be cost effective. In the year before the storm, a series of runoff attenuation features had been developed in the Belford catchment (∼6 km2) as part of Farm Integrated Runoff Management plans. Water‐level data from the stream and pilot feature indicated the effectiveness of the feature in storing and slowing runoff during the September 2008 storm. These data indicated that the pilot feature held runoff for approximately 8 h. The effect that this had on the travel time of the peak was significant: it increased from 20 to 35 min.
Review of rainfall frequency estimation methods
Authors: Svensson C. , Jones D.A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis review outlines nationwide methods for point rainfall frequency estimation currently in use in nine different countries: Canada, Sweden, France, Germany, the United States, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. For the United Kingdom, the Flood Studies Report method from 1975 is described as well as the current Flood Estimation Handbook method. The focus is on return periods relevant to reservoir design, in the region of 100–10 000 years. There is considerable difficulty in estimating long return period rainfalls from short data records and there is no obviously ‘best’ way of doing it. Each country's method is different, but most use some form of regionalisation to transfer information from surrounding sites to the target point. Several of the methods are variations of a regionalisation method that combines a local estimate of an index variable (typically the mean or the median annual maximum rainfall) with a regionally derived growth curve to obtain a design rainfall estimate. Three of the methods use regions centred on the site of interest, rather than fixed‐boundary regions. Different statistical distributions and fitting methods are used, with the Generalised Extreme Value distribution being the most common.
Le secteur des hautes technologies au Canada: une poussée récente de petites firmes à la recherche de la croissance
Authors: Amesse Fernand , Lamy Pierre 
Published: September 2010

RésuméCet article fait état des recherches poursuivies depuis 1985 sur les caractéristiques et l'évolution du secteur des hautes technologies au Canada. Nous y discutons extensivement des problèmes méthodologiques reliés à la définition du secteur des hautes technologies et au développement d'une banque de données.Les premiers résultats révèlent que ce secteur comptait, en 1983, pour 4,2% de l'emploi manufacturer. Il est essentiellement concentré à Toronto, Montréal et Ottawa. C'est un univers de firmes petites et jeunes puisque 60% des firmes ont moins de 50 employés et que 54% ont été créées depuis 1972. Bien que le secteur ait cru&#x030c; à un laux annuel de 8,7% en termes d'emplois de 1979 à 1983, on observe tout de měme que près d'une firme sur trois n'a connu aucune croissance.AbstractThis article reviews research in progress since 1985 on the characteristics and development of high technology industries in Canada. Particular attention is given to methodological problems associated with the definition of high technology sector and to the creation of a data bank. Early results show that the high technology sector in 1983 accounted 4,2 percent of employment in all manufacturing industries. It is essentially concentrated in Toronto, Montreal and Ottawa. It is a population of small, young firms where 60 percent have fewer than 50 employees and 54 percent where established after 1972. Although the aggregate growth of the high technology employment was 8,7 percent annually during the period 1979–83, nearly one out of three firms experienced no growth.
Social Structuration of the Field of Entrepreneurship: A Case Study
Authors: Déry Richard , Toulouse Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs part of the emergence of an epistemology specific to the field of entrepreneurship research, this article aims to reveal the social structuration of knowledge in entrepreneurship, through the empirical study of articles published in the Journal of Business Venturing between its founding in 1986, and 1993. This research, by virtue of its empirical approach based on methods of network analysis widely used in the sociology of science and technology, tends to substitute a social representation of the field of entrepreneurship research for the essentially cognitive and formal representation characteristic of most epistemological reflections in this field. At the end of this study, the field of entrepreneurship research appears as an intricate network, where researchers and institutions are involved in a social and collective game of strategic struggles and alliances. Furthermore, this field of research appears as a largely fragmented space fraught with the traps inherent to disciplinary introversion.RésuméS'inscrivant dans l'émergence d'une épistémologie propre au champ de recherche en entrepreneurship, l'article vise à mettre au jour la structuration sociale des connaissances en entrepreneurship, par l'étude empirique das articles parus dans le Journal of Business Venturing depuis sa fondation en 1986 jusqu'en 1993. Par sa démarche empirique fondée sur les méthodes d'analyse de réseau largement utilisées en sociologie des sciences et des techniques, cette recherche conduit alors à substituer une représentation sociale du champ de recherche en entrepreneurship à la représentation essentiellement cognitive et formelle qui marque la plupart des réflexions d'ordre épistémologique que l'on trouve dans le champ. Au terme de cette recherche, le champ de recherche en entrepreneurship se présente sous la forme d'un enchevêtrement de réseaux oà chercheurs et institutions sont engagés dans un jeu social et collectif de luttes et d'alliances stratégiques. En outre, le champ de recherche se présente comme un espace largement fragmenté au prise avec les pièges inhérents au cloisonnement disciplinaire.