bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reform or reversal: implications of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in developing countries
Authors: Khatun Kaysara 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has an ambivalent legacy, in that agricultural production is distorted in favor of the EU economy which has had a direct impact on a broader scale on land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) outside of the EU. The absence of tariffs for animal feed has evolved to a situation where the EU cheaply imports animal feed from Latin America, including soybeans that are among the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon and the Cerrado region. On the other hand, there is a huge potential for mitigating climate change by reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). This article focuses on one aspect—soy and REDD+ and attempts to make a modest contribution to policy debates by showing that REDD+ and agriculture are closely linked. The 2013 reforms (or lack thereof) of CAP may well have far‐reaching impacts on the multifaceted and already complex landscape under which REDD+ will operate, to the extent that it may be in danger of derailing the mechanism in its infancy.
Difference in malignancies of chronic liver disease due to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease or hepatitis C in Japanese elderly patients
Authors: Arase Yasuji , Kobayashi Mariko , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kawamura Yusuke , Akuta Norio , Imai Norihiro , Kobayashi Masahiro , Sezaki Hitomi , Matsumoto Naoki , Saito Satoshi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu , Ohmoto Yuki , Amakawa Kazuhisa , Hsieh Shiun Dong , Ogawa Kyoko , Tanabe Maho , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  Malignancies that include hepatocellular carcinoma often occurred in patients with chronic liver disease. The aim of this retrospective match control study was to assess the cumulative development incidence and predictive factors for total malignancies in elderly Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic hepatic diseases (NAFLD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods:  A total of 1600 NAFLD patients with age of ≥60 years were enrolled, and 1600 HCV patients with age of ≥60 years were selected as control by matching 1:1 with NAFLD group for age, sex, and follow‐up period. The primary goal is the first development of malignancies. Evaluation was performed by the use of the Wilcoxon rank sum test, the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard model. The mean observation period is 8.2 years in both NAFLD and HCV group, respectively.Results:  The number of patients with the development of malignancies was 167 in the NAFLD group and 395 in the HCV group. The 10th development rate of malignancies was 13.9% in the NAFLD group and 28.2% in the HCV group (risk ratio 2.27; P < 0.001). The incident rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in all the malignancies were 6.0% (10/167) in the NAFLD group and 67.6% (267/395) in the HCV group (P < 0.001). The malignancies in the NAFLD group were observed in the following order: gastric cancer 34 cases (20.4%) > colon cancer 31 cases (18.6%) > prostate cancer 21 cases (12.6%).Conclusions:  The incident rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in all the malignancies were approximately 6% in the NAFLD group and two‐thirds in the HCV group.
Impact of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration on management of isolated fundal gastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Akahoshi Tomohiko , Tomikawa Morimasa , Kamori Masao , Tsutsumi Norifumi , Nagao Yoshihiro , Hashizume Makoto , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  Although endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate (CA) is the only effective method for treating isolated fundal gastric variceal bleeding, the rebleeding rate is relatively high. This study investigated the efficacy of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO) for management of isolated fundal gastric variceal bleeding.Methods:  Patients (n = 110) with acute or recent bleeding from isolated fundal gastric varices (GV) were retrospectively studied. Acute bleeding was treated by CA injection or balloon tamponade. 44 patients underwent additional endoscopic injection of CA and ethanolamine oleate (EO) weekly until obturation of GVx from 1994 to 2002 (group A). 42 patients from 2003 to 2010 underwent B‐RTO after initial hemostasis (group B). Both groups were assessed for the number of sessions required to achieve GV obturation, hospital stay, recurrent bleeding rate, morbidity and mortality.Results:  Acute gastric variceal bleeding was successfully treated in all patients by CA injection or balloon tamponade. B‐RTO was successfully performed except in two patients in group B. The average number of sessions required for obturation was 3.8 for groups A and 2.2 for B (P < 0.05). Recurrent bleeding was observed in 16 and two patients in groups A and B, respectively. The cumulative non‐rebleeding rate at 5 years was 58.3% and 98.1% in groups A and B, respectively. The cumulative survival rate at 5 years was 53.8% and 87.6% in groups A and B, respectively.Conclusion:  Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration may be superior to endoscopic injection with CA and EO for prevention of rebleeding in patients with isolated fundal GVs with a major shunt.
Prevalence of Selected Bacterial and Parasitic Agents in Feces from Diarrheic and Healthy Control Cats from Northern California
Authors: Queen E.V. , Marks S.L. , Farver T.B. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundBacterial and parasitic agents are commonly implicated as causes of diarrhea in cats, but there is a paucity of information evaluating epidemiological and prevalence factors associated with most of these organisms in cats.ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of selected enteropathogens in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats.AnimalsA total of 219 diarrheic and 54 nondiarrheic cats.MethodsProspective study. Fresh fecal specimens were submitted for centrifugation flotation, culture,ELISA(Giardia,Cryptosporidium,Clostridium perfringensenterotoxin [CPE], andC. difficiletoxin A [TcdA]) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (Tritrichomonas foetusandCampylobacterspp.). An epidemiologic questionnaire was completed for each cat.ResultsCampylobacterwas isolated from significantly fewer diarrheic (21/219 or 9.6%) versus nondiarrheic cats (15/54 or 27.8%,P = .001), and was detected in 74 of 131 cats (56.5%) viaPCR.Campylobacter jejuni, C. helveticus, and C. upsaliensiswere detected in 6.8, 100, and 44.6% of the 74 cats. MultipleCampylobacterspp. were identified in 47.3% of these cats. All cats were negative on fecal culture forSalmonellaand forC. difficileTcdAviaELISA.CPEwas detected in 9/219 diarrheic (4.1%) and in 1/54 nondiarrheic cats (1.9%,P = .69). Cats < 2 years were significantly more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRoutine fecal cultures and toxin immunoassays for detection of bacteria are of limited diagnostic value in diarrheic cats. Molecular‐based testing is superior to fecal cultures for detection and identification ofCampylobacterspp., but positive test results do not correlate to the presence of disease.
Multicenter Prospective Trial of Hypofractionated Radiation Treatment, Toceranib, and Prednisone for Measurable Canine Mast Cell Tumors
Authors: Carlsten K.S. , London C.A. , Haney S. , Burnett R. , Avery A.C. , Thamm D.H. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundMast cell tumors (MCT) are common cutaneous tumors in dogs and when not amenable to surgical excision can present a therapeutic challenge. New treatment protocols for unresectable MCT are needed.HypothesisThe combination of toceranib, prednisone, and hypofractionated radiation treatment (RT) will be well tolerated and efficacious.AnimalsSeventeen client‐owned dogs with measurable MCT amenable to RT.MethodsProspective clinical trial. All dogs received prednisone, omeprazole, diphenhydramine, and toceranib. Toceranib was administered for 1 week before initiating RT, consisting of 24 Gy delivered in 3 or 4 fractions.ResultsOn an intent‐to‐treat basis, the overall response rate was 76.4%, with 58.8% of dogs achieving a complete response and 17.6% a partial response. The median time to best response was 32 days, and the median progression‐free interval was 316 days. The overall median survival time was not reached with a median follow‐up of 374 days. The most common toxicoses were gastrointestinal and hepatic.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe combination of hypofractionated RT, toceranib, and prednisone was tolerated and efficacious in the majority of dogs. Response rates and durations were higher than those reported for toceranib as a single‐agent treatment for MCT. This combination is a viable treatment option for unresectable MCT.
Effects of Recent Leptospira Vaccination on Whole Blood Real‐Time PCR Testing in Healthy Client‐Owned Dogs
Authors: Midence J.N. , Leutenegger C.M. , Chandler A.M. , Goldstein R.E. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundBacterin‐based canine Leptospira vaccines could present a challenge for the use of whole blood real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnostic tool. Recent vaccination could induce positive results if the targeted DNA fragment is present within the vaccine and in the blood of the recently vaccinated dog.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess whether 2 available 4‐serovar vaccines induce a positive real‐time PCR reaction in the blood of healthy recently vaccinated dogs.AnimalsTwenty healthy dogs.MethodsThis was a prospective study. Dogs were assigned to 1 of 2 vaccine groups. Both vaccines were culture‐based and include Leptospira interrogans serovars Pomona, Canicola, and Icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa. Whole blood for real‐time PCR and serum for the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were collected prior to and 3 and 7 days after vaccination and weekly thereafter for 8 weeks. Two real‐time PCR tests targeting 2 different genes were performed independently in a blinded fashion.ResultsBoth Leptospira vaccines produced positive real‐time PCR reactions when assayed undiluted or diluted 1 : 100 in canine blood. However, blood samples drawn from all dogs at all time points after vaccination were negative on PCR. All dogs developed MAT titers.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRecent vaccination with 2 commercially available vaccines does not interfere with the use of real‐time PCR for the identification of acute Leptospira infection in dogs.
Use of single‐ and multi‐drug regimens in the management of classic (idiopathic) trigeminal neuralgia: an 11‐year experience at a single Sri Lankan institution
Authors: Ariyawardana Anura , Pallegama Ranjith , Sitheeque Mohaideen , Ranasinghe Ajith 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of medical treatment of classic trigeminal neuralgia and to assess the factors affecting the choice of drug regimen (single or multiple), and the duration of treatment for pain control.Methods:  A total of 260 consecutive patients were included in the study. Sixty‐one patients with less than 6 months’ follow up were excluded. All patients were treated with carbamazepine alone or in combination with other drugs. The dosage was adjusted according to the level of pain control and side‐effects.Results:  Treatment was terminated in 99 patients (49.7%) after a mean follow‐up period of 36.46 months (standard deviation: ±26.5). Of these, 39.4% were on a single drug. Carbamazepine was the drug used in 36 patients. The rest (61%) needed various combinations of drugs. One‐hundred patients (50.3%) continued with medical treatment during the follow‐up period. Of these, 67.4% were on multi‐drug therapy.Conclusion:  The present study showed that the administration of multidrug regimens is a useful alternative in controlling trigeminal neuralgia in patients who are unable to tolerate higher doses of carbamazepine. Age, sex, ethnicity, and the side of affliction did not have a significant influence on the choice of drug regimen and the duration of treatment for pain control.
Efficacy of locally‐delivered doxycycline microspheres in chronic localized periodontitis and on Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Rao Sampath K. , Setty Swati , Acharya Anirudh B. , Thakur Srinath L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  This study aimed to assess the efficacy and effect of locally‐delivered doxycycline microspheres with scaling and root planing in periodontal pocket therapy and on Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively.Methods:  Twenty sites with a probing pocket depth of 4–6 mm were divided into two groups: a control group consisting of scaling and root planing, with one application of doxycycline microspheres only at baseline, and a test group consisting of scaling and root planing, with an application of doxycycline microspheres at baseline and 1 and 3 months. Clinical readings included the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level. Rapid polymerase chain reaction method was used for the detection of P. gingivalis.Results:  A statistically‐significant reduction in probing pocket depth and attachment gain was found in both groups; the test group showed a significant reduction in probing pocket depth and attachment gain compared with the control at 3 and 6 months. P. gingivalis cell count in the test group was significantly reduced at all the time periods, except from 1 to 3 months.Conclusion:  Local drug delivery of doxycycline microspheres significantly improved the treatment outcomes in periodontal pocket therapy and reduced P. gingivalis in the periodontal pocket.
Differential Role of BCL2 in Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Dunleavy Kieron , Wilson Wyndham H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGene expression profiling has been used to divide diffuse large B-cell lymphoma into distinct molecular subtypes with different outcomes following immunochemotherapy. Recently, researchers have shown much interest in investigating the role of biomarkers, such as BCL2, in predicting outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, particularly in the context of these molecular subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7505–7. ©2011 AACR.
Ankle Stabilizers Affect Agility but Not Vertical Jump or Dynamic Balance Performance
Authors: Ambegaonkar Jatin P. , Redmond Charles J. , Winter Christa , Cortes Nelson , Ambegaonkar Shruti J. , Thompson Brian , Guyer Susan M. 
Published: December 2011

Ankle stabilizers can reduce ankle sprain incidence and severity by limiting range of motion. Still whether using them affects performance remains unclear. The authors compared effects of 3 ankle stabilizers, tape, lace-up (Swede-O Ankle Lok), and semirigid (Air-Cast Air-Stirrup) braces, and a nonsupport control on vertical jump (Sargent Jump Test), agility (Right-Boomerang Run test), and dynamic balance (Modified Bass Test) in 10 volunteers (4 males, 6 females; 25.6 ± 2.8 years, 167.8 ± 13.7 cm, 61.4 ± 10.7 kg) using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Participants had similar vertical jump ( P = .27; control = 41.40 ± 11.89 cm, tape = 37.90 ± 7.92 cm, Swede-O = 41.40 ± 11.89 cm, Air-Cast = 39.29 ± 10.85 cm) and dynamic balance ( P = .08; control = 92.50 ± 2.46, tape = 91.55 ± 3.53, Swede-O = 97.00 ± 5.32, Air-Cast = 89.40 ± 6.08) but differing agility scores ( P = .03; control = 13.55 ± 1.35 seconds, tape = 14.03 ± 1.5 seconds, Swede-O = 14.10 ± 1.36 seconds, Air-Cast = 14.14 ± 1.41 seconds). Post hoc tests revealed a significant difference ( P = .03) between control and Air-Cast but not between Swede-O ( P = .06) or tape ( P = .07). Effect size ( d) analyses indicated that compared with control, all stabilizers trended to increase agility run times (tape, d = 0.33; Swede-O, d = 0.40; Air-Cast, d = 0.43). Since participants primarily required sagittal plane motion when jumping vertically and had relatively slow directional changes in the dynamic balance test, wearing ankle stabilizers did not hamper jump or balance. However, ankle stabilizers hindered participants’ ability to perform quick directional changes required in the agility test, with the most rigid stabilizer (Air-Cast) affecting agility the most. Clinicians should be aware that ankle stabilizers may affect some performance measures (agility) but not others (jumping, balance) and continue examinations in larger cohorts. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis of sera from visceral leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Rukmangadachar Lokesh A , Kataria Jitender , Hariprasad Gururao , Samantaray Jyotish C , Srinivasan Alagiri 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Lesihmania donovani complex and transmitted by the bite of the phlebotomine sand fly. It is an endemic disease in many developing countries with more than 90% of the cases occurring in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil. The disease is fatal if untreated. The disease is conventionally diagnosed by demonstrating the intracellular parasite in bone marrow or splenic aspirates. This study was carried out to discover differentially expressed proteins which could be potential biomarkers.

Methods
Sera from six visceral leishmaniasis patients and six healthy controls were depleted of high abundant proteins by immunodepletion. The depleted sera were compared by 2-D Difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE). Differentially expressed proteins were identified the by tandem mass spectrometry. Three of the identified proteins were further validated by western blotting.

Results
This is the first report of serum proteomics study using quantitative Difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE) in visceral leishmaniasis. We identified alpha-1-acidglycoprotein and C1 inhibitor as up regulated and transthyretin, retinol binding protein and apolipoprotein A-I as down regulated proteins in visceral leishmaniasis sera in comparison with healthy controls. Western blot validation of C1 inhibitor, transthyretin and apolipoprotein A-I in a larger cohort (n = 29) confirmed significant difference in the expression levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
In conclusion, DIGE based proteomic analysis showed that several proteins are differentially expressed in the sera of visceral leishmaniasis. The five proteins identified here have potential, either independently or in combination, as prognostic biomarkers.
Challenges in implementing individualized medicine illustrated by antimetabolite therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nersting Jacob , Borst Louise , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Predicting the response to medical therapy and subsequently individualizing the treatment to increase efficacy or reduce toxicity has been a longstanding clinical goal. Not least within oncology, where many patients fail to be cured, and others are treated to or beyond the limit of acceptable toxicity, an individualized therapeutic approach is indicated. The mapping of the human genome and technological developments in DNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, and proteomics have raised the expectations for implementing genotype-phenotype data into the clinical decision process, but also multiplied the complex interaction of genetic and other laboratory parameters that can be used for therapy adjustments. Thus, with the advances in the laboratory techniques, post laboratory issues have become major obstacles for treatment individualization. Many of these challenges have been illustrated by studies involving childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), where each patient may receive up to 13 different anticancer agents over a period of 2-3 years. The challenges include i) addressing important, but low-frequency outcomes, ii) difficulties in interpreting the impact of single drug or single gene response data that often vary across treatment protocols, iii) combining disease and host genomics with outcome variations, and iv) physicians' reluctance in implementing potentially useful genotype and phenotype data into clinical practice, since unjustified downward or upward dose adjustments could increase the of risk of relapse or life-threatening complications. In this review we use childhood ALL therapy as a model and discuss these issues, and how they may be addressed.
Relationship between neonatal screening results by HPLC and the number of α-thalassaemia gene mutations; consequences for the cut-off value
Authors: Bouva M J , Sollaino C , Perseu L , Galanello R , Giordano P C , Harteveld C L , Cnossen M H , Schielen P C J I , Elvers L H , Peters M 
Published: December 2011

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between FAST peak percentage by adapted Bio-Rad Vnbs analysis using the valley-to-valley integration and genotypes with the aim to improve differentiation between severe α-thalassaemia forms (HbH disease) and the milder disease types. Method DNA analysis for α-thalassaemia was performed on 91 dried blood spot samples presenting normal and elevated FAST peak levels, selected during three years of Dutch national newborn screening. Results Significant differences were found between samples with and without α-thalassaemia mutations, regardless of the genetic profiles. No significant difference was demonstrated between HPLC in -α/αα and -α/-α, between -α/-α and –/αα and between –/αα and –/-α genotypes. Conclusion This study confirms that the percentage HbBart's, as depicted by the FAST peak, is only a relative indication for the number of α genes affected in α-thalassaemia. Based on the data obtained using the modified Bio-Rad Vnbs software, we adopted a cut-off value of 22.5% to discriminate between possible severe α-thalassaemia or HbH disease and other α-thalassaemia phenotypes. Retrospectively, if this cut-off value was utilized during this initial three-year period of neonatal screening, the positive predictive value would have been 0.030 instead of 0.014.
The D1152H cystic fibrosis mutation in prenatal carrier screening, patients and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Peleg Leah , Karpati Mazal , Bronstein Silvia , Berkenstadt Michal , Frydman Moshe , Yonath Hagith , Pras Elon 
Published: December 2011

Objective To assess the frequency of the D1152H mutation in the CFTR gene in normal individuals, in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and in the setting of prenatal diagnosis. Setting A database analysis of sequential screening results seen at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel, between 2001 and 2010. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the frequency of D1152H in a large cohort of healthy individuals who were screened as part of a routine prenatal care programme, in individuals referred due to CF-related symptoms and in the setting of prenatal diagnosis. Results We found one asymptomatic homozygous female and 195 D1152H carriers among 49,940 healthy individuals screened, establishing a carrier rate of 1:255 for this mutation. We detected D1152H in nine of 103 individuals referred due to CF-related symptoms. Four suffered from respiratory symptoms and five from congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). During this period D1152H was detected in three pregnancies, two of which were aborted. Conclusion The increased frequency of D1152H in individuals referred due to CF-related symptoms compared with healthy individuals included in the CF carrier screening programme (P < 0.001) clearly indicates that it is a disease-causing mutation.