bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food supplied to Gaza during seven months of the Hamas-Israel war
Authors: Fliss-Isakov Naomi , Nitzan Dorit , Magnazi Moran Blaychfeld , Mendlovic Joseph , Preis Sharon Alroy , Twig Gilad , Troen Aron M. , Endevelt Ronit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The ongoing Hamas-Israel war has put the civilian population in Gaza at risk of severe food and nutrition insecurity. Our goal was to provide objective, verifiable data to ascertain amounts and nutritional content of food supplied to Gaza through Israeli border crossings from January to July 2024. We aimed to assess their compliance with Sphere international humanitarian standards for food security and nutrition maintenance in crisis affected populations.

Methods
We obtained the registry of all food supplied to Gaza via air drops and land crossings from Israel’s Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) from January to July 2024. This registry itemizes daily food shipments, their items and estimated weights. Food items in shipments were categorized, quantified, assessed and summed for energy (kcal), protein (g), fat (g), iron (mg) content, based on food labels and composition tables. We then calculated supply per capita per day supplied to the the Gaza Strip, according to the most recent population census of Gaza. Finally, we compared it to the Sphere standards for population food security.

Results
Adjusting for projected food losses, a net total of 478,229 metric tons of food was supplied to Gaza over the seven consecutively studied months. The average amount of energy available per person per day was 3,004 kcal, with 98 g of protein (13% of energy), 61 g of fat (18% of energy), and 23 mg of iron. Except for February, when entries dropped from January, there was a steady increase in the tonnage, energy, macronutrients and iron content of donated foods supplied to Gaza registered by COGAT. The amounts of energy, protein, and fat, but not dietary iron, in food crossing the border into Gaza consistently exceeded Sphere standards after making conservative adjustment for high food loss and the age distribution of the Gazan population.

Conclusions
This study assessed food deliveries by type, amount and nutrient composition, supplied to Gaza from January to July 2024. We found that, except in February, food crossing the borders into Gaza exceeded per capita minimal requirements for humanitarian aid. While reliable data do not exist for critical dimensions of food access and consumption across Gaza, these estimates suggest that adequate amounts of nutritious food were being transported into the Gaza Strip during most of the 1st half of 2024. We propose that with increased cooperation of all partners and shared efforts to overcome barriers, communication and data sharing, the UN Food Security Cluster, COGAT and humanitarian assistance agencies can develop a comprehensive, continually updated database to gauge food availability, access, nutritional value, and gaps to address, especially in the areas most disrupted by conflict in Gaza. This will also help ensure that food donations supplied to Gaza reach populations in greatest need.
Dual stable isotopes approach reveals the nitrogen sources, transformations, and effects on phytoplankton community structure in a large floodplain lake
Authors: Ha Xianrui , Lin Shunhe , Jia Junjie , Wang Jing , Wu Fan , Sun Kun , Lu Yao , Wang Shuoyue , Gao Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anthropogenic activities have led to increased N input and changes of N transformation processes in lake systems. However, changes in phytoplankton community structure caused by phytoplankton’s preference for N utilization under the increasing N input remain poorly understood. This study used nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3
− and δ18O-NO3
−) to investigate seasonal differences in N cycling as well as associated response of phytoplankton biomass and community composition.

Results
Results showed that the average δ15N-NO3
− values in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 7.6 ± 0.7‰, 6.1 ± 0.7‰, 5.5 ± 1.8‰, and 7.4 ± 1.2‰, respectively. Accordingly, the average δ18O-NO3
− values showed the following order: winter (12.8 ± 1.0‰) > summer (11.5 ± 0.9‰) > spring (10.3 ± 0.9‰) > autumn (7.9 ± 1.7‰). The main nitrate sources in Lake Poyang were soil N, N fertilizer, and the manure and sewage in all seasons, contributing 93.8%, 3.3%, and 2.8%, respectively. Nitrification and algal-derived nitrate (NO3
−-N) assimilation were the main biochemical processes affecting N. In spring, the signal of nitrification was stronger, while in autumn, the signals of N assimilation by algae were more pronounced. The phytoplankton community composition varied with the seasonal changes of N concentrations and forms. The total biomass of phytoplankton in winter was the lowest of all four seasons and it was negatively correlated with NO3
−-N concentration (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of available forms of N in floodplain lake and provide essential support for prediction of phytoplankton growth and functions. Our work deciphers the role of phytoplankton in the lake N cycle, providing theoretical support to management of phytoplankton community to future environmental changes.
Exploring the roles of paradoxical tensions, paradoxical thinking, and team psychological capital on the creativity of engineering university students
Authors: Guo Huifen , Zhou Zhen , Ma Fengqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The multifaceted challenges encountered by engineering university students generate paradoxical tensions, which serve as catalysts for fostering creativity. Engaging in paradoxical thinking during academic pursuits enhances students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems. Despite this, the intricate interconnections among paradoxical tensions, paradoxical thinking, and the creativity of engineering university students remain ambiguous.

Methods
This study aimed to explore the gap by surveying 1,410 engineering students in China, examining how paradoxical thinking mediates the relationship between paradoxical tensions and creativity. Additionally, it investigated the moderating impact of team psychological capital on the associations between paradoxical tensions and both paradoxical thinking and creativity. SPSS 24.0 was initially used to convert the cleaned data into a “.csv” format, and Smart PLS (v.4.0.9.5) was then employed to assess the model.

Results
The findings reveal a positive influence of paradoxical tensions on creativity and thinking. Notably, paradoxical thinking emerges as a significant contributor to enhancing the creativity of engineering university students. Furthermore, the findings show that paradoxical tensions enhance creativity by influencing paradoxical thinking. While team psychological capital emerged as a significant factor in moderating the link between paradoxical tension and creativity, its role in moderating the association between paradoxical tension and paradoxical thinking was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
This study revealed how paradoxical tensions among engineering university students influence creativity through paradoxical thinking moderated by team psychological capital. The findings provide new insights for researchers to understand paradoxical tensions, paradoxical thinking, team psychological capital, and the underlying psychological mechanism for engineering university students’ creativity better, and they have practical implications for education administrators.
Impact of education on antibiotic literacy and awareness among pharmacy students at a Japanese university: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Maeda Masayuki , Yamaguchi Kozue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Considering the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Japan implemented a national action plan in 2016 that emphasized antibiotic education for healthcare professionals. However, pharmacy education in Japan lacks comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) content, leading to insufficient antibiotic awareness and literacy among graduates. This study aimed to assess and improve antibiotic literacy and awareness among undergraduate pharmacy students at Showa University.

Methods
Students who were admitted in 2015 were given a 90-min lecture on AMS, covering acute upper respiratory infections, before their fifth-year clinical training in 2019. The lecture was delivered by a certified pharmacist in infection control. A paper-based, anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey on antibiotic knowledge and literacy was distributed to first- and fifth-year students in 2019 and fifth-year students in 2023. The questions in the survey were based on the Antibiotics Awareness Survey 2018.

Results
The survey results showed an 82–99% response rate among first- and fifth-year pharmacy students in 2019 and 2023. Although two-thirds of first-year pharmacy students lacked antibiotic knowledge, most fifth-year students had appropriate knowledge. Moreover, fifth-year students had a proper understanding of bacterial infections and antibiotic identification, which improved after clinical training and additional lectures. The percentage of students who would stop using antibiotics when they felt better dropped from 39% among first-year students to 21% among fifth-year students. Fifth-year students were more likely to dispose of leftover antibiotics and less likely to keep them than first-year students. Over 80% of students provided antibiotic counseling primarily for common cold treatments during clinical training.

Conclusions
The survey results highlighted gaps in antibiotic awareness among Japanese pharmacy students and demonstrated the positive impact of education. This study emphasizes the need for an antibiotic literacy curriculum, especially for viral respiratory infections, to support efforts in curbing AMR. Moreover, policymakers should develop policies for developing and securing faculty that are knowledgeable in clinical infectious diseases across Japanese pharmacy schools.
Causal roles of immune cells and metabolites in chronic pancreatitis: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yang Tao , Yu Yuan , Jia Qian , Xiao Wan-Meng , Liu Sha , Yu Ze-Hui , Wen Cheng-Li , Wei Yan , Li Hao , Lü Mu-Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous research has established a correlation between immune cells and an increased likelihood of Chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, studies investigating the causal relationship remain limited.

Methods
This study utilized publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal relationships (CRs) among 731 immune cells, 1,400 metabolites, and CP. Mediation MR analysis was also performed to assess whether metabolites serve as mediators in the relationship between immune cells and CP.

Results
Our study identified four immune cell types that act as risk factors for CP, with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 1.076 and 1.177. In contrast, three immune cell types were found to serve as protective factors, exhibiting OR values between 0.846 and 0.913. Additionally, four metabolites were implicated as risk factors for CP, with OR values ranging from 1.243 to 1.334. On the other hand, eight metabolites were discovered to have a protective effect, with OR values between 0.580 and 0.871. Mediation analysis revealed that cholesterol levels mediate the causal relationship between immune cell cells and CP, with a mediation effect of 0.00918, accounting for 9.18% of the total effect.

Conclusions
Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of CP, highlighting the role of immune cells and plasma metabolites in its pathogenesis. The mediation analysis further suggests that the presence of CD25 on IgD-CD38-B cells may facilitate CP development through the elevation of cholesterol levels. These results not only deepen our understanding of CP but also suggest potential biological targets for therapeutic intervention. Future clinical research should focus on these mediators to develop more effective treatment strategies for CP.
The pathology of native entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), on biological processes and ovarian structure of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Fathy Zeinab , Muhammad Jihan , Ali Sahar S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The African migrating locust, known as Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a harmful pest that damages pastures and crops like millet, maize, beans, sweet potatoes, cassava, and vegetables. Two important fungi used for natural pest control are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. These fungi infect and kill insects, providing a safer and more effective alternative to traditional pesticides. They are especially valuable in integrated pest management (IPM) programs because they have minimal impact on other species and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, which can cause pest resistance and harm the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of two native isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides.

Results
The maximum pathogenicity occurred at a concentration of (109), resulting in 95% mortality for B. bassiana and 90% death for M. anisopliae for the treated nymphs, respectively. The study showed a good connection between the concentrations of the two fungi and the lethal activity of treated nymphs after seven days of treatment. Fertility and fecundity in the treated females significantly reduced ovarian development and yolk accumulation was both shown to be delayed in the treated female ovaries after histological examination.

Conclusion
The tested isolates demonstrated their pathogenicity against the African migrating locust, regardless of the concentrations used. These results were corroborated by histological anomalies in the female ovaries that received treatment.
Minimal Invasive Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Metanalysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Ricci Claudio , D’Ambra Vincenzo , Alberici Laura , Ingaldi Carlo , Minghetti Margherita , Bonini Giulia , Casadei Riccardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The role of a minimally invasive approach (MI) in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) remained unclear.

Methods
A systematic search of randomized controlled trials was conducted. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, reporting risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD). The primary endpoints were the morbidity, mortality, and R1 rate. The secondary endpoints were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), biliary fistula, reoperation, length of stay (LOS), time to functional recovery (TFR), and readmission.

Results
The meta-analysis includes seven studies and 1428 patients: 618 (46.5%) in the OPD arm and 711 (53.5%) in minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD). The mortality rate was 2.9% for MIPD and 2.6% for OPD (RR 1.11 [range 0.53–2.29]). The major morbidity rate was 29.4% for MIPD and 25.6% for OPD (RR 1.11 [range 0.53–2.29]). The R1 rate was 6.2% for MIPD and 7% for OPD (RR 0.80 [0.54–1.20]). The operative time, comprehensive complication index score, POPF, PPH, DGE, biliary fistula, reoperation, readmission, LOS, TFR, and harvested lymph nodes were similar. Greater than 25% of heterogeneity was observed for major morbidity, operative time, POPF, LOS, TFR, and harvested lymph nodes. No publication bias was registered.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy was not superior to OPD and provided marginal advantages in short-term results. Further efforts should be addressed to clarify the impact of learning curve in MIPD results and the economic sustainability of MIPD, particularly robotic approach.
A Structural Model of a Firm’s Operating Cash Flow with Applications
Authors: Arora Kashish , Gaur Vishal 
Published: February 2025

Effective management of a firm’s operating cash flow is essential for supporting growth, servicing debt, and maintaining overall financial health. Mismanagement of cash flows can result in severe liquidity challenges and even business failure. However, managing operating cash flow is complex because of its intricate, endogenous relationships with operational variables, like sales, operating costs, inventory, payables, and the impact of exogenous macroeconomic factors on a firm. In this paper, we present a structural model of operating cash flow that untangles this endogeneity, allows us to estimate causal relationships among these variables, and provides a valuable tool for evaluating cash flow management policies. Applying our model to quarterly financial data from S&P’s Compustat database spanning from 1990 to 2020 along with macroeconomic indicators, we provide empirical evidence of the endogenous nature of cash flow with other operational variables. We then showcase the practical value of our model by (i) identifying the characteristics of structural shocks and the new equilibria they induce within the system; (ii) offering a tool for evaluating alternative managerial actions or policy decisions to counteract these shocks; (iii) predicting the impacts of macroeconomic events, such as global recessions and fluctuations in economic sentiment, on firm performance; and (iv) demonstrating superior forecasting performance compared with traditional univariate models. In summary, our structural model of operating cash flow enhances our understanding of its dynamics, enabling better-informed decision making and more effective cash flow management in firms. This paper was accepted by David Simchi Levi, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03790 .
Generation Gap? The Branching Influence of Historical Myths
Authors: Noh Sung-Chul , Lyle Matthew C. B. , Do Boram 
Published: February 2025

Despite recent theorizing on the power of rhetorical histories, scholars have yet to consider the dynamics of organizational generations (i.e., collectives defined by temporally proximal organizational entry and shared experiences and memories of organizational events) involved in their creation and long-term effects. Based on a comparative case study of two union organizations that participated in failed initiatives, we produce a parallel process model of cross-generational historical branching explaining the divergent and long-term influences of using history strategically across generational lines. Our model unpacks how theoretically distinct forms of what has been deemed “historical myth” offered by senior generations, while harboring similar utility in building cross-generational support, underlie divergent outcomes regarding how members across generations respond to subsequent failure and, in turn, historically position the initiative. We further suggest these processes have a lingering impact on an organization’s willingness to engage in a subsequent initiative. Our theory sheds light on the ways in which historical myths shared across generational divides, in tandem with the cross-generational mnemonic communities they create, engender divergent, long-term, and potentially unexpected consequences. Funding: This work was supported by Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea [Grant NRF-2020S1A5A8042404], the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [KAKENHI Grant JP16K17159], and the Yonsei Signature Research Cluster Program [Grant 2024-22-0167].
Child Sex Tourism Recruitment Techniques
Authors: Bah Yahya Muhammed , Artaria Myrtati Dyah 
Published: February 2025

Â The tourism industry generates billions of dollars. However, it has negative impacts on communities. The rationale for this systematic literature review is to examine the techniques perpetrators use to recruit children into the child sex tourism, share knowledge to spark and inspire processes that will usher rapid growth from all directions in the fight against the menace. A systematic review of the literatures using different sources was actuated. Google Search Engine and Scholar Search Engine were used to search articles. In summary, the techniques used to recruit children into child sex tourism are numerous can be simply pooled and catalogued into debt bonded technique, emotional abuse technique, physical support technique, counterfeit love technique, drug addiction technique, physical abuse technique, gifts and favors technique, power and authority technique; and fake promises and special attention grooming technique.Â
A Violência Obstétrica como Coisificação da Mulher: Um Estudo de Representações Sociais
Authors: Nascimento Elba Miranda , Bastos Mariana Vieira , Machado Juliana Costa , Lira Margaret Olinda de Souza Carvalho e , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Rodrigues Vanda Palmarella 
Published: February 2025

Este estudo objetivou apreender os conteúdos das representações sociais de mulheres sobre violência obstétrica e compreender a relação das representações sociais com as situações de violência vivenciadas no processo parturitivo. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa fundamentado na abordagem processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas por chamada de vídeo com 30 mulheres que tiveram parto normal entre os anos de 2017 e 2021. Os dados foram processados no software IRaMuTeQ, utilizou-se para tratamento dos dados a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. A análise lexical resultou na identificação de dois eixos temáticos que originaram seis classes. O eixo A apresentou a dimensão conceitual e afetiva das representações das mulheres sobre a violência obstétrica e o eixo B abordou as vivências da gestação ao nascimento do bebê que subsidiaram a construção das representações das mulheres sobre violência obstétrica. As mulheres representaram a violência obstétrica como ação de cerceamento de sua autonomia, condutas desnecessárias e violência psicológica. Apontaram a importância de ser bem informada no pré-natal e de serem preparadas adequadamente para o processo parturitivo. Propõe-se que caminhos para uma melhor assistência materna e neonatal sejam tomados com ações educativas no pré-natal e qualificação da assistência obstétrica.