bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Phase Synthesis of Core‐Shell Particles by the Example of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Conductive Shell
Authors: Poller Benjamin , Efimov Konstantin , Feldhoff Armin , Binnewies Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEin neuartiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kern/Mantel‐Partikeln aus der Gasphase ermöglicht die Synthese und Ummantelung eines TiO2‐Partikelkerns mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Hülle eines transparenten Oxids in einem Reaktor. Die Ummantelung der TiO2‐Partikel erfolgte mit fluordotiertem (SnO2:F) und antimondotiertem Zinn(IV)‐oxid (SnO2:Sb). Die Kern/Mantel‐Partikel wiesen eine spezifische Leitfähigkeit von bis zu 8 · 10–3 S cm–1 auf. Durch Variation von Prozessparametern können Dotierungsgrad und die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Mantelschichten auf einfache Weise modifiziert werden.
Platinum(II) Phenanthroimidazoles for Targeting Telomeric G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Castor Katherine J. , Mancini Johanna , Fakhoury Johans , Weill Nathanael , Kieltyka Roxanne , Englebienne Pablo , Avakyan Nicole , Mittermaier Anthony , Autexier Chantal , Moitessier Nicolas , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA rationally designed progression of phenanthroimidazole platinum(II) complexes were examined for their ability to target telomere‐derived intramolecular G‐quadruplex DNA. Through the use of circular dichroism, fluorescence displacement assays, and molecular modeling we show that these complexes template and stabilize G‐quadruplexes from sequences based on the human telomeric repeat (TTAGGG)n. The greatest stabilization was observed for the p‐chlorophenyl derivative 6 (G4DC50=0.31 μM). We also show that the G‐quadruplex binding complexes are able to inhibit telomerase activity through a modified telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP‐LIG assay). Preliminary cell studies show that complex 6 is preferentially cytotoxic toward cancer over normal cell lines, indicating its potential use in cancer therapy.
An analytical performance model considering access strategy of an opportunistic spectrum sharing system
Authors: Tang Wanbin , Yu Huogen , Han Yanfeng , Li Shaoqian 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn an opportunistic spectrum sharing system, secondary users (SUs) opportunistically access the white space spectrum that is not occupied by the primary user (PU). Some analytical performance models have been available based on Markov chain modeling. In these models, SUs and PUs access the spectrum by randomly selecting the available channels with equal probability. However, how SUs and PUs use the spectrum are controlled by the access strategy designed in their MAC layer in an ad‐hoc network or centralized radio resource management layer in an infrastructure‐based network. To analyze the grade of service (GoS) of the secondary system under consideration for the access strategy, we propose an access rule transition matrix to model the access behavior of radio resource management, and apply it into the continuous‐time Markov chain model. It was proved that the proposed model is equivalent to the original models assuming the random access strategy by simulation. Moreover, we analyzed the GoS performance of the secondary system by assuming an ordered hunt access strategy. The results showed that the GoS performance of secondary systems can be improved greatly if it knows the spectrum access strategy of the primary system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of Linear and Cyclic Siloxane‐Containing Mesogens: Investigation of Layered Structures in Bulk and Thin Films
Authors: Heinz Paul , Hindelang Konrad , Golosova Anastasia , Papadakis Christine M. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSilicon‐containing materials which possess the ability to form mesophases are promising systems for applications in the fields of electro‐optical devices, nonlinear optics, and information storage media. In this work, the formation of supramolecular assemblies of a series of low molecular weight siloxane‐containing mesogens is presented. Besides a novel synthesis route via RuII‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of phenyl acetylene derivatives, mesophase characterization by modern analysis techniques is performed. As linker groups, leading to bi‐ and tetramesogens, linear disiloxane and cyclic tetrasiloxane are utilized. In the resulting class of materials, high thermal stability, induced by the formation of layered smectic‐type structures, is predominant. The smectic‐type phases were found to be monotropic. Layer distances in the assemblies, as well as the phase transition temperatures, can be controlled by the substitution motif on the mesogens (number and length of alkyl chains). In spin‐cast thin films, the layered domains are visualized by atomic force microscopy; furthermore, domain dimensions and electron densities are determined by grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering.
Accurate Bond Energies of Hydrocarbons from Complete Basis Set Extrapolated Multi‐Reference Singles and Doubles Configuration Interaction
Authors: Oyeyemi Victor B. , Pavone Michele , Carter Emily A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractQuantum chemistry has become one of the most reliable tools for characterizing the thermochemical underpinnings of reactions, such as bond dissociation energies (BDEs). The accurate prediction of these particular properties (BDEs) are challenging for ab initio methods based on perturbative corrections or coupled cluster expansions of the single‐determinant Hartree–Fock wave function: the processes of bond breaking and forming are inherently multi‐configurational and require an accurate description of non‐dynamical electron correlation. To this end, we present a systematic ab initio approach for computing BDEs that is based on three components: 1) multi‐reference single and double excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) for the electronic energies; 2) a two‐parameter scheme for extrapolating MRSDCI energies to the complete basis set limit; and 3) DFT‐B3LYP calculations of minimum‐energy structures and vibrational frequencies to account for zero point energy and thermal corrections. We validated our methodology against a set of reliable experimental BDE values of CC and CH bonds of hydrocarbons. The goal of chemical accuracy is achieved, on average, without applying any empirical corrections to the MRSDCI electronic energies. We then use this composite scheme to make predictions of BDEs in a large number of hydrocarbon molecules for which there are no experimental data, so as to provide needed thermochemical estimates for fuel molecules.
Major congenital malformations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Balsells Montserrat , García‐Patterson Apolonia , Gich Ignasi , Corcoy Rosa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) is increased in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Whether this risk is increased in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still debated. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review (and meta‐analysis) of major congenital malformations in women with gestational diabetes versus a reference population.MethodsWe conducted a MEDLINE search (1 January 1995 to 31 December 2009) of original studies reporting data on major congenital malformations in women with gestational diabetes and a reference group. Information on pregestational diabetes was collected when available. Two investigators considered studies for inclusion and extracted data; discrepancies were solved by consensus. Meta‐analysis tools were used to summarize results. MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines were followed.ResultsTwo case control and 15 cohort studies were selected out of 3488 retrieved abstracts. A higher risk of major congenital malformations was observed in offspring of women with gestational diabetes with the following relative risk (RR)/odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI): RR 1.16 (1.07–1.25) in cohort studies and OR 1.4 (1.22–1.62) in case control studies. Risk of major congenital malformations was much higher in offspring of women with PGDM than in those of the reference group: RR 2.66 (2.04–3.47) in cohort studies and OR 4.7 (3.01–6.95) in the single case control study providing information.ConclusionThere is a slightly higher risk of major congenital malformations in women with gestational diabetes than in the reference group. The contribution of women with overt hyperglycemia and other factors could not be ascertained. This risk, however, is much lower than in women with pregestational diabetes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic, Steric, and Ligand Influence on the Solid‐State Structures of Substituted Sodium and Potassium Anilides
Authors: Glock Carsten , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlkali metal amides are widely used as starting materials in salt metathesis and metalation reactions. N‐Substituted anilides (phenylamides) of sodium and potassium AN(Ph)R [A = Na, K; R = methyl (Me), isopropyl (iPr), phenyl (Ph)] are accessible by transamination with AN(SiMe3)2. Neutral coligands, such as ethers and amines, have a strong influence on the solid‐state structures and solubility in common organic solvents. The crystal structures of the following anilides are discussed: [(pmdta)KNPh2]2 (1) (pmdta = N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), [(pmdta)KN(Ph)iPr]2 (2), [(thf)2NaNPh2]2 (3) (thf = tetrahydrofuran), [(dme)NaN(Ph)iPr]2 (4) (dme = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane), [(pmdta)NaNPh2]2 (5), [(thf)2NaN(Ph)iPr]2 (6), [(tmeda)NaN(Ph)iPr]2 (7) (tmeda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine), [(dme)2KN(Ph)iPr]2 (8), [(diox)1.33NaNPh2]∞ (9) (diox = 1,4‐dioxane), [(diox)NaN(Ph)iPr]∞ (10), [KN(Ph)Me]∞ (11), [{(thf)KN(Ph)iPr}5]∞ (12), [{(thf)KN(Ph)iPr}2·2KN(Ph)iPr] (13), and [(dme)0.25KN(Ph)iPr]∞ (14). All of the sodium anilides contain a central four‐membered Na2N2 ring, whereas the interactions between the cations and the π‐systems of the phenyl groups have an increased importance in the potassium derivatives. Bidentate ether bases such as diox and dme can act as bridging ligands; however, this coordination behavior was not observed for the multidentate amines tmeda and pmdta.
Unusual Reactivity of Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide with Esters
Authors: Leggio Antonella , De Marco Rosaria , Perri Francesca , Spinella Mariagiovanna , Liguori Angelo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe dimethylsulfoxonium methylide was treated with esters under mild conditions to rapidly afford the corresponding carboxylic acids at room temperature. Moreover, by performing the procedure on enantiopure substrates, it was demonstrated that the reaction occurs without racemization. 18O‐labeled reagents showed that the reaction does not proceed through an ester hydrolysis mechanism. The reactions are characterized by an unusual reactivity of the dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. This methodology is general and can be considered a valid alternate route for ester cleavage when a substrate is sensitive to hydrolysis conditions.
Synthesis of Protoilludanes and Related Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Siengalewicz Peter , Mulzer Johann , Rinner Uwe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNatural products continue to hold the interest and attention of a wide chemical community. This is due to their biological properties and potential applicability in health care and plant protection, as well as their frequently complex molecular architectures and arrays of functionality, which make them a challenge for total synthesis and a testing ground for novel methodology. These criteria are met to an extraordinary degree by protoilludanes, which are sesquiterpenes with a characteristic tricyclic 5/6/4‐framework. The fortieth anniversary of the first protoilludane synthesis has now been taken as an occasion to review the main aspects of this fascinating class of compounds. Biosynthesis, biological properties and the unusually rich variety of synthetic approaches developed over the past forty years are discussed. About 80 different substitution patterns and 15 completed or uncompleted synthetic routes are listed in this review with the goal of providing a multifacetted picture of the changes in and development of synthetic philosophy and methodology from past to present.
Protecting Group Free Formal Total Synthesis of the Antitubercular Agent Erogorgiaene
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Thirupathaiah, Bodakuntla , Al Khazim Al Ghamdi Ahmad 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe formal total synthesis of the antitubercular agent erogorgiaene was achieved in 12 steps by using a protecting group free strategy. The synthesis involves an enamine‐mediated 1,4‐addition, an aldol condensation, dehydrogenation, Wittig olefination, intramolecular Friedel–Crafts cyclization, TEMPO‐BAIB‐mediated oxidation, and Evans auxiliary based diastereoselective methylation.
An Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of Piperidin‐2‐yl and Pyrrolidin‐2‐yl Flavonoid Alkaloids through Phenolic Mannich Reactions
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Wang Qian , Guéritte Françoise 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient one‐step synthesis of piperidin‐2‐yl and pyrrolidin‐2‐yl flavonoid alkaloids was achieved in good to excellent yields by a highly regioselective phenolic Mannich reaction of chrysin with cyclic imines or iminium salts. Performing the reaction in a mixture of H2O/THF in the absence of an external reagent afforded the C‐6 alkylated product exclusively. The same reaction in water in the presence of NaOH provided the C‐8 alkylated flavonoid as a major product. The reaction has been successfully extended to simple phenols.
Framing gender differences: Linguistic normativity affects perceptions of power and gender stereotypes
Authors: Bruckmüller Susanne , Hegarty Peter , Abele Andrea E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen unknown groups and equal status groups are compared by contrasting one group (“the effect to be explained”) against another (“the linguistic norm”), the group positioned as the norm is sometimes perceived as more powerful, more agentic, and as less communal. Such perceptions may contribute to status‐linked stereotypes, as group differences are spontaneously described by positioning higher‐status groups as the linguistic norm. Here, 103 participants considered gender differences in status to be larger and more legitimate and applied gender stereotypes more readily upon reading about gender differences in leadership that were framed around a male rather than a female linguistic norm. These effects did not generalize to 113 participants who read about gender differences in leisure time preferences framed around either norm. Jointly, these results suggest that the effects of linguistic framing on perceived group status and power and on group stereotypes generalize to domains where there are real differences in status, and contexts in which higher‐status groups are the default standard for comparison. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting the Response Mechanism of Polymeric Membrane Based Heparin Electrodes
Authors: Bell Andrea K. , Höfler Lajos , Meyerhoff Mark E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPotentiometric membrane electrodes that respond to heparin and other polyanions were introduced in the early 1990s. Herein, the mechanism of polymer membrane electrode type heparin sensors is revisited. The extraction/diffusion of heparin is studied via both potentiometric and impedance spectroscopic techniques using a prefractionated heparin preparation that contains polyanionic species >10 000 Daltons. The reversal in EMF response using this heparin preparation indicates diffusion of higher MW heparin fragments to the backside of the membrane. Diffusion coefficients are calculated using a novel formula derived from the phase boundary potential model and Fick′s second law of diffusion. Impedance spectroscopy is also employed to show that high MW heparin species are extracted and diffuse across the PVC membranes.
RESEARCH DECISIONS IN THE FACE OF HETEROGENEITY: WHAT CAN A NEW STUDY TELL US?
Authors: Welton Nicky , Ades A. E. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYWillan and Eckermann describe a method for dealing with heterogeneity in value of information (VOI) calculations for prioritising and designing new research. Their article raises three fundamental (inter‐related) issues for VOI methods: (1) how to make sense of the concept of uncertainty in a cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) model, (2) the interpretation of heterogeneity in CEA, and (3) the relationship between data from a new study and the CEA model when there is heterogeneity. We discuss these three issues using an illustrative example meta‐analysis of magnesium for myocardial infarction. Careful consideration of the relationship between existing (and future) evidence and the CEA model is required to provide practical VOI methods that can help research funders prioritise new research in the face of heterogeneity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐grade primary leiomyosarcoma in the mandible: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Rege Inara Carneiro Costa , Costa Nádia Lago , Batista Aline Carvalho , da Silva Clóvis Martins , Meneghini Alexandre João , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundLeiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates in smooth muscle cells and is rarely found in the oral cavity. We present a case of high‐grade primary leiomyosarcoma in the mandible and discuss the diagnosis process.MethodsThe patient was a 64‐year‐old white man who had a slight increase in volume in the left‐side mandible with a radiolucent osteolytic image with the destruction of the mandibular cortex. Incisional biopsy and preoperative examination were performed, including cone beam CT and examination by immunohistochemistry that defined the histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent reconstruction with an osteocutaneous flap with microvascular anastomosis.ResultsTwo years after the surgery, there was no sign of recurrence of the lesion.ConclusionThe use of cone beam CT to define the limits of the lesion and the immunohistochemical findings were essential to establish the treatment plan. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
The implementation of technical practices and human factors of the toyota production system in different industries
Authors: Yang Ching‐Chow , Yeh Tsu‐Ming , Yang King‐Jang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Toyota Production System (TPS) can result in huge benefits for companies and has been widely implemented around the world. Nevertheless, most adopters emphasize only the technical practices of the TPS, but neglect the critical role of human factors in the implementation of the TPS. Therefore, this study aims at developing an integrated TPS model that fully integrates the technical elements and human elements of the TPS with Total Quality Management (TQM) practices. An empirical study was conducted to confirm the causal relationships among these constructs. In the empirical study, questionnaires were mailed and e‐mailed to 620 companies that had implemented the TPS, and 151 of the completed questionnaires were valid. These 151 respondents were divided into eight categories. The results revealed that the implementation level of each construct was significantly different in each industry. The automobile and motorcycle industries have put a great deal of effort into the application of Humanity, Human Resource Management (HRM), and TQM practices and obtained good results. Other industries, however, ignored the implementation of HRM practices. The results also revealed that the early adopters enjoyed significant benefits from the implementation of the TPS, which led high‐tech companies to start adopting TPS practices and become lean enterprises. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrological model calibration using a short period of observations
Authors: Tada T. , Beven K. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo make successful predictions in ungauged basins (PUB) exploring how to facilitate the identification of catchment characteristics from readily available information is as important as improving the theoretical representation of different hydrological processes. Today in most parts of the world, a significant amount of spatial information from GIS overlays and remote sensing imagery is available. However the hydrological information derived from such sources cannot be the complete answer to the PUB problem. Thus, to implement a field measurement program and measure the discharge hydrograph during a short observation period might be a cost‐effective strategy to improve predictive capability. In this study, we explore the most effective way to extract the information content from a limited period of observation. At first, the effectiveness of the phase correction technique using Dynamic Time Warping is demonstrated with long periods of observations to reduce the adverse influence of timing error, which is the discrepancy between the time of the real peak discharge and the observed one which may be disinformative for model identification. Then, by using the Monte Carlo approach with short periods of data, both the phase correction technique and the ensemble mean approach, in which a weighted ensemble mean of simulations using acceptable parameter sets is used as a prediction, are compared with conventional methods. We found that the ensemble mean approach without the phase correction technique could give the most robust model identification when the observation period is shorter than 2 weeks. We also found that the phase correction technique could work well with observation periods of 1 year or longer but was not always effective with shorter periods. These results were strongly dependent on the application catchment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods
Authors: Senay G. B. , Leake S. , Nagler P. L. , Artan G. , Dickinson J. , Cordova J. T. , Glenn E. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrological process that can be studied and estimated at multiple spatial scales ranging from a leaf to a river basin. We present a review of methods in estimating basin scale ET and its applications in understanding basin water balance dynamics. The review focuses on two aspects of ET: (i) how the basin scale water balance approach is used to estimate ET; and (ii) how ‘direct’ measurement and modelling approaches are used to estimate basin scale ET. Obviously, the basin water balance‐based ET requires the availability of good precipitation and discharge data to calculate ET as a residual on longer time scales (annual) where net storage changes are assumed to be negligible. ET estimated from such a basin water balance principle is generally used for validating the performance of ET models. On the other hand, many of the direct estimation methods involve the use of remotely sensed data to estimate spatially explicit ET and use basin‐wide averaging to estimate basin scale ET. The direct methods can be grouped into soil moisture balance modelling, satellite‐based vegetation index methods, and methods based on satellite land surface temperature measurements that convert potential ET into actual ET using a proportionality relationship. The review also includes the use of complementary ET estimation principles for large area applications. The review identifies the need to compare and evaluate the different ET approaches using standard data sets in basins covering different hydro‐climatic regions of the world. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.