bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheostomy-related data from an intensive care unit for two consecutive years before the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Papaioannou Maria , Vagiana Evdoxia , Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis , Sileli Maria , Manika Katerina , Tsantos Alexandros , Kapravelos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Tracheostomy is commonly used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are expected to be on long-term mechanical ventilation or suffer from emergency upper airway obstruction. However, some studies have conflicting findings regarding the optimal technique and its timing and benefits.
AIM
To provide evidence of practice, characteristics, and outcome concerning tracheostomy in an ICU of a tertiary care hospital.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study including adult critical care patients in a single ICU for two consecutive years. Patients’ demographic characteristics, severity of illness (APACHE II score), level of consciousness [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)], comorbidities, timing and type of tracheostomy procedure performed and outcome were recorded. We defined late as tracheostomy placement after 8 days or no tracheotomy.
RESULTS
Data of 660 patients were analyzed (median age of 60 years), median APACHE II score of 19 and median GCS score of 12 at admission. Tracheostomy was performed in 115 patients, of whom 63 had early and 52 late procedures. Early tracheostomy was mainly executed in case of altered level of consciousness and severe critical illness polyneuromyopathy, however there were no significant statistical results (47.6% vs 36.5%, P = 0.23) and (23.8% vs 19.2%, P = 0.55) respectively. Regarding the method selected, early surgical tracheostomy (ST) was conducted in patients with maxillofacial injuries (50.0% vs 0.0%, P = 0.033), whereas late surgical tracheostomy was selected for patients with goiter (44.4% vs 0.0% P = 0.033). Patients with early tracheostomy spent significantly fewer days on mechanical ventilation (15.3 ± 8.5 vs 22.8 ± 9.6, P < 0.001) and in ICU in general (18.8 ± 9.1 vs 25.4 ± 11.5, P < 0.001). Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) vs ST was preferable in older critical care patients in the case of Central Nervous System underlying cause of admission (62.5% vs 26.3%, P = 0.004). ST was the method of choice in compromised airway (31.6%, vs 7.3% P = 0.008). A large proportion of patients (88/115) with tracheostomy managed to wean from mechanical ventilation and were transferred out of the ICU (100% vs 17.4%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
PDT was performed more frequently in our cohort. This technique did not affect mechanical ventilation days, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), ICU length of stay, or survival. No complications were observed in the percutaneous or surgical tracheostomy groups. Patients undergoing early tracheostomy benefited in terms of mechanical ventilation days and ICU length of stay but not of discharge status, presence of VAP, or survival.
Development of turmeric oil-loaded folic acid-grafted chitosan/alginate nanocapsules for targeted delivery to breast cancer
Authors:   , San Htet 
Published: June 2024

Folate receptors that are overexpressed in various cancer cells including breast cancers have become a promising strategy in targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. In this study, the folic acid (FA)-conjugated chitosan/alginate nanocapsules loaded with turmeric oil (TO-FA-CS/Alg NC) were developed by ionotropic gelation technique to target folate receptors in MBA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The successful conjugation of FA with CS was confirmed with 1H-NMR and FT-IR, and Box-Behnken design was utilized in optimizing the formulation. The optimized TO-FA-CS/Alg NC rendered suitable particle size (189 nm) with homogenous distribution and high encapsulation efficiency (35.9%) and loading capacity (1.82%). The in vitro drug release profile of TO-FA-CS/Alg NCs also showed sustained TO release that is suitable for both oral and parenteral routes of administration. Furthermore, cell viability assay proved that TO-FA-CS/Alg NC had higher cytotoxic effects than TO-CS/Alg NC and unencapsulated TO against MBA-MB-231 and MCF-7 overexpressing folate receptors. These results suggest that the FA-CS/Alg NC can be promising targeted nanocarriers to folate-positive breast cancer cells.
อนุภาคของละอองฝอยที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างกระบวนการศัลยกรรมช่องปาก
Authors:   , สังแก้ว ดิษธร 
Published: June 2024

โรคติดต่อหลายโรครวมถึงโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา2019, วัณโรค และโรคไช้หวัดใหญ่สามารถแพร่กระจายการติดต่อได้ทางละอองชีวภาพจากผู้ป่วย การศึกษาเพื่อการหามาตรการจัดการที่เหมาะสมที่แต่เดิมใช้วิธีการตรวจหาการแพร่กระจายของจุลชีววิทยาและการปนเปื้อนของโลหิตถูกเปลี่ยนไปเป็นหลักการฝุ่นละอองขนาดเล็ก การรักษาทางทันตกรรมนับว่าเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของหัตถการที่ก่อให้เกิดละอองฝอยดังกล่าว แต่พบว่ามีการศึกษาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับศัลยกรรมช่องปากจำนวนน้อยมาก โดยส่วนใหญ่งานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องในเรื่องของละอองชีวภาพที่เกิดจากทันตกรรมจะมุ่งไปที่การรักษาในทางทันตกรรมหัตถการและปริทันต์ งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดประสงค์คือต้องการที่จะใช้หลักการฝุ่นละอองขนาดเล็กในการวัดปริมาณของละอองชีวภาพที่เกิดขึ้นจากหนึ่งในกระบวนการศัลยกรรมช่องปากคือการตัดฟัน โดยงานวิจัยนี้จะเป็นไปในรูปแบบการทดลองตัดฟันในระบบปิดจากการใช้เครื่องมือ 3 ชนิด คือ 1.หัวกรอเร็ว 2.เครื่องพีโซอิเล็กทริค 3.หัวกรอไมโครมอเตอร์ เป็นเวลา 1 นาที และวัดปริมาณละอองชีวภาพที่เกิดขึ้นในรูปแบบของ ฝุ่นละออง PM1, PM2.5 และ PM10 ด้วยเครื่องวัดอนุภาคในอากาศ โดยผลการวิจัยพบว่าการใช้เครื่องมือทั้ง 3 ชนิดในการตัดฟันสามารถสร้างละอองชีวภาพขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.001 ปริมาณละอองชีวภาพทั้ง PM1, PM2.5 และ PM10 สูงสุดเกิดจากการใช้หัวกรอเร็วตามมาด้วยการใช้เครื่องพีโซอิเล็กทริคและหัวกรอไมโครมอเตอร์ตามลำดับ โดย ณ เวลาที่ปริมาณละอองชีวภาพสูงสุดของแต่ละการใช้เครื่องมือทั้ง 3 ชนิดจะมีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.001 และการใช้หัวกรอเร็วจะต้องการเวลามากที่สุดโดยใช้เวลา 16 นาที 40 วินาที เพื่อให้ค่าละอองชีวภาพกลับสู่ค่าเริ่มต้น ในขณะที่การใช้เครื่องพีโซอิเล็กทริคใช้เวลา 13 นาที 20 วินาที และการใช้หัวกรอไมโครมอเตอร์จะใช้เวลา 8 นาที 20 วินาที นอกจากนี้จากการวิจัยพบว่า กระบวนการตัดฟันโดยการใช้หัวกรอไมโครมอเตอร์จะสร้างละอองชีวภาพน้อยที่สุดและไม่เกินข้อกำนดคุณภาพอากาศในอาคารขององค์การอนามัยโลก ขณะที่การใช้หัวกรอเร็วและเครื่องพีโซอิเล็กทริคจะสร้างละอองชีวภาพในปริมาณที่สูงกว่าข้อกำหนดคุณภาพอากาศในอาคารดังกล่าว การจัดการอากาศอย่างเหมาะสมควรจะถูกพิจารณามาใช้เพื่อป้องกันการติดต่อโรคติดเชื้อทางอากาศ โดยเฉพาะในระหว่างการใช้หัวกรอเร็วและเครื่องพีโซอิเล็กทริคในการตัดฟัน และควรจะมีการกำหนดมาตรฐานระดับปริมาณของละอองชีวภาพที่เหมาะสมในคลินิกทันตกรรม
Evaluación de la amenaza antes fenómenos de remoción en masa en un sector de ladera. Caso de estudio: barrio Cuesta Blanca, Ocaña-Colombia
Authors: Macgregor-Torrado Agustín Armando , Gallardo-Amaya Romel Jesús , Afanador-García Nelson 
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación contempló la evaluación de la amenaza a fenómenos de remoción en masa de un sector de ladera en el municipio de Ocaña, Norte de Santander- Colombia, para llevar a cabo este proyecto de investigación se desarrollaron 4 fases: identificación de las zonas críticas, determinación de las características morfometricos del área de estudio, cálculo de los parámetros físico mecánico de los suelos y finalmente el desarrollo de modelos usando la versión libre del software Slide, bajo condiciones iniciales que permitieran calibrar cada uno de los parámetros y las condiciones finales. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue establecer la amenaza que posee actualmente el área de estudio y con esto propender una actualización de zonas susceptibles a fenómenos de remoción en masa en el municipio de Ocaña. Esto es un insumo que determinará al adicionar el análisis de la vulnerabilidad, el riesgo que posee la comunidad que habita el sector del barrio Cuesta Blanca, Ocaña-Colombia. Lo encontrado en este estudio permite concluir que: la zona de estudio es susceptible a sufrir afectaciones por fenómenos de remoción en masa ya que el factor de seguridad es inferior a 1.1 con una probabilidad de falla del 47.6%.
Antiziganisms: Ethnographic Engagements in Europe
Authors: Tosi Cambini Sabrina , Beluschi Fabeni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2024

Parallel to the interest in Roma at the social and political level, Antiziganism has rapidly gained the interest of social sciences since 2000. A copious literature has contributed to decisive breakthroughs in defining the concept and identifying its roots in the history of Europe. However, the debate has mostly developed with “Antiziganism” in singular declension, with the frequent merging together of cases originating in different contexts. After a speedy evolution, theorization shows signs of entering conceptualization redundancy. This thematic section wishes to move beyond the currently prevailing top-down reflection on Antiziganism. It offers the results of public anthropology and interdisciplinary research-actions, carried on in local contexts, in spaces of interaction between the Roma and the non-Roma, and by ethnographers intervening to promote a change. Ethnography of “Antiziganisms” and of the practices which counteract them offer opportunities for revealing the link between antiziganism and other forms of racism, the cognitive and emotional experience of the subjects at play in the specific field and the fuzziness of the dividing lines between their agency. It is finally a chance to experiment with the applicability, adaptability and transferability of disciplinary knowledge.
“Tocar puertas”: Potere indigeno, ONG e sviluppo nel Guatemala post-guerra
Authors: Freddi Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Questo articolo si basa su un caso etnografico di “rafforzamento della governabilità” messo in atto da una ONG internazionale nel municipio indigeno di Todos Santos Cuchumatán, Guatemala. Attraverso l’intreccio tra le voci dei funzionari delle ONG e quelle della popolazione locale, cerco di mettere in luce le implicazioni di alcuni malintesi concernenti le forme egemoniche di percepire l’alterità maya, implicite nel multiculturalismo neoliberista, la nuova forma di governance adottata nel Guatemala post-guerra. L’articolo prende in considerazione una performance democratica che mette in luce una appropriazione rituale indigena del discorso dello sviluppo, risultante in un processo di acculturazione/resistenza. Ciò che emerge è una riflessione su come la leadership maya si ridefinisce come mediazione tra la ragione umanitaria della Cooperazione Internazionale, portatrice di risorse, e le logiche locali di potere e prestigio, dove risiede ancora la sua principale fonte di legittimazione.
Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genetic Diversity Germplasm in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions Using Metroglyph Analysis
Authors: L. R. Patra, , M. Yadav, , A. Maxton, 
Published: June 2024

Total 25 genotypes of chick pea were investigated during current study. The experiment was conducted during Rabi-2022 in RBD having three replications and the data were recorded on 12 characters to study the variability, heritability, genetic advance, metroglyph analysis. Analysis of variance revealed that there was considerable genetic variability in the available germplasm for most of the characters studied for 12 different quantitative characters and analysed on the basis of heredity, Genetic advance and metroglyph analysis. Performance of grain yield and its components depicted that UDAY was found best followed by NBEG-3 and NBEG-47. A close perusal of variability coefficients revealed that the difference between PCV and GCV was small indicating little influence of environment on the expression of characters studied. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for Harvesting index. The highest heritability was observed for Harvesting index (92.17 %), followed by Seed yield (91.76%) and Number of pods per plant (85.61%). In the present study a perusal of genetic advance showed that it was high for Harvesting index (14.10). We have noticed that among selected 25 genotypes, UDAY, NBEG-3, NBEG-47, ICC-313, FLIP-09-162, RVG-202, IPC-11-85 were observed as higher yielder and identified for higher index score.
Kommunen als Akteure in der ambulanten Gesundheitsversorgung?
Authors: Münkler Laura 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die ambulanten Versorgungsstrukturen unterliegen bereits seit längerem einer Transformation. Deren nächster Schritt sollte darin liegen, die Kommunen stärker in die ambulante Gesundheitsversorgung einzubinden. Grund hierfür ist, dass aus rechtlichen, politischen wie institutionellen Gründen derzeit vor allem die Kommunen als geeignete Akteure erscheinen, die bestehenden Herausforderungen anzugehen. Um den Abbau der Sektorengrenzen weiter voranzutreiben, das Schnittstellenmanagement zu verbessern sowie den Bereich der Prävention und Gesundheitsfürsorge zu stärken, ist man gerade auf sie angewiesen. Angesichts dessen erscheint es sinnvoll, über eine Rekommunalisierung der ambulanten Gesundheitsversorgung nachzudenken.
Metal‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Pilfold Jessica L. , Kucukkaya Inan , Vandel Mason S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe article provides an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal‐containing polymers. The past decade has shown an exponential increase in synthetic methods, resulting in metal‐containing polymers, their characterization techniques, and their potential application into a variety of fields, including chemistry, medicine, biotechnology, and more.
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment of carbon nanotubes on electromagnetic interference shielding of polypyrrole‐coated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yun Jumi , Im Ji Sun , Kim Hyung‐Il 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of MWCNTs for the novel electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The oxygen plasma treatment on MWCNTs introduced the hydrophilic functional groups resulting in uniform distribution of MWCNTs and higher interfacial affinity between PPy and MWCNTs. The uniform coating of PPy was formed on MWCNTs due to the effects of oxygen plasma treatment. The thermal stability of PPy‐coated MWCNTs was improved by incorporation of MWCNTs. Absorption was the main mechanism of EMI shielding for the PPy‐coated MWCNTs. The average EMI shielding efficiency of PPy‐coated MWCNTs increased from 21.5 to 28.3 dB by oxygen plasma treatment of MWCNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Improvement of cutting and chipping resistance of carbon black‐filled styrene butadiene rubber by addition of nanodispersed clay
Authors: Ma Jian‐Hua , Wang Yuan‐Xia , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wu You‐Ping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel, effective approach to improve the cutting and chipping resistance (CCR) of carbon black (CB)‐filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composite was reported in this study. CCR of SBR was dramatically improved more than 30% by addition of 4 phr nanodispersed clay (NC), while not decreasing the stress at 100% and the Shore A hardness of the composite. The curing characteristics, loss tangent (tan δ), and the strength of filler network of the composites were further measured by a Disk Oscillating Rheometer and a rubber processing analyzer, respectively. It was found that the addition of NC led to a slightly lower crosslink density, higher tan δ, and stronger filler network, which contributed to the higher CCR. Therefore, the novel layered NC is more efficient in improving CCR when compared with CB. The results are expected to promote the application of NC in rubber industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Vasculogenesis and the Induction of Skeletogenic Condensations in the Avian Eye
Authors: Jourdeuil Karyn , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBlood vessels form via two distinct mechanisms: vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels; and angiogenesis, the remodeling of preexisting blood vessels to form mature vasculature. Little research, however, focuses on the relationship between blood vessels and skeletogenic condensations, a key step in bone formation. Here, the development of the scleral ossicles in the chick begins with the induction of a neural crest‐derived condensation at HH Stages 35 and 36 by overlying papillae in a 1:1 pattern. These papillae, which are epithelial thickenings of the conjunctiva, begin to form at HH Stage 30, following a distinct pattern. Nothing is currently known about their induction, or patterning. As the first papilla always forms above the ciliary artery, we mapped blood vessel development in the eye between HH Stages 28 and 36.5 using camera lucida drawings, fluorescence microscopy, and histology. Our results show that a blood vessel meshwork begins to form de novo once the ring of conjunctival papillae is complete (HH Stages 34 through 36) suggesting no direct correlation between these two events. We also observe an avascular zone beneath each conjunctival papilla, which is first visible at HH Stage 35, coinciding with the onset of induction of the skeletogenic condensations. Importantly, our findings suggest that remodeling of the vasculature and development of the avascular zones occurs at the same time as induction, but prior to the presence of the skeletogenic condensations of the intramembranous bones; this process is dissimilar to that documented for endochondral ossification in avian limb buds. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Rescue of Active Site Mutants of S. pneumoniae Surface Endonuclease EndA and Other Nucleases of the HNH Family by Imidazole
Authors: Midon Marika , Gimadutdinow Oleg , Meiss Gregor , Friedhoff Peter , Pingoud Alfred 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe His‐Asn‐His (HNH) motif characterizes the active sites of a large number of different nucleases such as homing endonucleases, restriction endonucleases, structure‐specific nucleases and, in particular, nonspecific nucleases. Several biochemical studies have revealed an essential catalytic function for the first amino acid of this motif in HNH nucleases. This histidine residue was identified as the general base that activates a water molecule for a nucleophilic attack on the sugar phosphate backbone of nucleic acids. Replacement of histidine by an amino acid such as glycine or alanine, which lack the catalytically active imidazole side chain, leads to decreases of several orders of magnitude in the nucleolytic activities of members of this nuclease family. We were able, however, to restore the activity of HNH nuclease variants (i.e., EndA (Streptococcus pneumoniae), SmaNuc (Serratia marcescens) and NucA (Anabaena sp.)) that had been inactivated by His→Gly or His→Ala substitution by adding excess imidazole to the inactive enzymes in vitro. Imidazole clearly replaces the missing histidine side chain and thereby restores nucleolytic activity. Significantly, this chemical rescue could also be observed in vivo (Escherichia coli). The in vivo assay might be a promising starting point for the development of a high‐throughput screening system for functional EndA inhibitors because, unlike the wild‐type enzyme, the H160G and H160A variants of EndA can easily be produced in E. coli. A simple viability assay would allow inhibitors of EndA to be identified because these would counteract the toxicities of the chemically rescued EndA variants. Such inhibitors could be used to block the nucleolytic activity of EndA, which as a surface‐exposed enzyme in its natural host destroys the DNA scaffolds of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and thereby allows S. pneumoniae to escape the innate immune response.
Review of sparse methods in regression and classification with application to chemometrics
Authors: Filzmoser Peter , Gschwandtner Moritz , Todorov Valentin 
Published: February 2012

High‐dimensional data often contain many variables that are irrelevant for predicting a response or for an accurate group assignment. The inclusion of such variables in a regression or classification model leads to a loss in performance, even if the contribution of the variables to the model is small. Sparse methods for regression and classification are able to suppress these variables. This is possible by adding an appropriate penalty term to the objective function of the method.An overview of recent sparse methods for regression and classification is provided. The methods are applied to several high‐dimensional data sets from chemometrics. A comparison with the non‐sparse counterparts allows us to acquire an insight into their performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restricted Conformational Flexibility of a Triphenylamine Derivative on the Formation of Host–Guest Complexes with Various Macrocyclic Hosts
Authors: Mandal Amal Kumar , Suresh Moorthy , Das Priyadip , Das Amitava 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHerein, we report the host–guest‐type complex formation between the host molecules cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), and dibenzo[24]crown‐8 ether (DB24C8) and a newly synthesized triphenylamine (TPA) derivative 1X3 as the guest component. The host–guest complex formation was studied in detail by using 1H NMR, 2D NOESY, UV/Vis fluorescence, and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. The chloride salt of the TPA derivative was used for recognition studies with CB[7] and β‐CD in an aqueous medium. The restricted internal rotation of the guest molecule on complex formation with either of these two host molecules was reflected in the enhancement of the emission quantum yield and the average excited‐state lifetime for the triphenylamine‐based excited states. Studies with DB24C8 as the host molecule were performed in dichloromethane, a medium that maximizes the noncovalent interaction between the host and guest fragments. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process involving DB24C8 and 1(PF6)3, as the donor and acceptor fragments, respectively, was established by electrochemical, steady‐state emission, and time‐correlated single‐photon counting studies.
Synthesis and structural elucidation of novel camphor‐derived thioureas
Authors: Grošelj Uroš , Golobič Amalija , Stare Katarina , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNine novel (+)‐camphor‐derived thioureas have been prepared. 3‐((Dimethylamino)methylene)camphor (2) served as the common precursor for the preparation of both, 2‐thiourea 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 3‐thiourea functionalized camphor derivatives 6, 7/7', respectively. Starting from 2, the latter were prepared in two or three steps whereas the former in five steps, respectively. Configuration of all novel compounds has been meticulously determined using NMR techniques and/or single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphorylation as a method of tuning the enantiodiscrimination potency of quinine—An NMR study
Authors: Górecki Łukasz , Berlicki Łukasz , Mucha Artur , Kafarski Paweł , ŚLEPOKURA Katarzyna , Rudzińska‐Szostak Ewa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractQuinines phosphorylated at the C‐9 hydroxyl group (diphenyl and diethyl phosphates) were synthesized and validated as novel effective chiral solvating agents in two alternative methods based on 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Tested with a representative set of racemic analytes, the title compounds induced shift nonequivalence effects in 1H NMR signals with values up to 0.1–0.2 ppm for 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl‐substituted amino acids. In terms of enantiodifferentiation extent and application range, introduction of a phosphate group was proven to be superior compared to the action of nonmodified quinine. Interestingly, a temperature decrease to reach the slow exchange conditions also produced nonequivalences in the 31P NMR spectra of the selectors. Comprehensive NMR analysis showed the existence of two conformations (closed 1 and 2) for both quinines in their free forms and the open 3 arrangement for the protonated ones. The crystal structure of diethylphosphorylquinine hydrochloride dichloromethane hemisolvate revealed a similar conformation to that observed in solution. Structures of complexes of phosphorylated quinines with selected ligands were determined with the use of NMR‐based molecular modeling studies. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.