bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the impact of institutional change: Rights reassignment and career length
Authors: Schmidt Martin B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRottenberg argued that the reassignment of negotiating rights from owners to players, that would accompany free agency in professional sports, would have little impact on locational or market outcomes. Empirical investigations into such reassignment have produced mixed results. The present paper examines the impact such reassignment had on professional sports athletes' career length. By examining the univariate time series and panel data behavior of Major League Baseball players' average tenure and retention rates, we find that the increased negotiating power associated with the advent of free agency had the impact of shortening average player career length.
Pupil's role in educational design: Exploring what it means to have a say in primary school
Authors: Agustian Hendra Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis case study aims to explore the role of pupils in educational design and what it means to have a say in primary school. Although many educational offers use the slogan ‘pupil‐centred’ approach, examples are scarce in which children are seen as partners, let alone co‐designers. It is therefore important to investigate to what extent pupils are involved in the design process and decision‐making in a primary school context. Concepts such as co‐determination, participation, room for choice and competence were discussed. This small‐scale study shows that the school policy regarding participation and co‐design mainly concerns parents but not pupils as much. Teachers have different perspectives about the importance of children's participation. In general, they would like to involve the pupils more in the design process. The lack of time and educational inspection's demand for standardised outcomes are limiting factors. The pupils believe that they sometimes influence how lessons are conducted at school and are allowed to choose how they work on the subject. In general, they feel positive about their competence.
Soil condition determines how crop residues affect soil compressive characteristics
Authors: An Jing , Shao Shuai , Yu Na , Fan Qingfeng , Zhang Yuling , Zou Hongtao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExcessive soil compaction is a major cause of environmental problems and reduced agricultural soil productivity. Soil conditions can affect soil compressive characteristics. The application of organic materials reduces soil susceptibility to compaction. However, the direct effect of incorporated organic matter and interactions among soil conditions and incorporated organic materials on soil compressive characteristics are poorly understood. In this study, uniaxial compressive experiments were conducted to determine the compression curves of repacked brown earth from Northeast China. The effect of variable levels of incorporated corn straw (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g kg−1) and soil conditions (moisture content 0.14, 0.18, and 0.22 g g−1, and bulk density 1.20, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.60 g cm−3) on the compressive characteristics were investigated. The results showed that compressive characteristics were directly affected by soil conditions and corn straw‐derived organic matter (p < 0.01). Compressive characteristics were also significantly influenced by the interaction between soil conditions and corn straw‐derived organic matter (p < 0.01). By constructing a Entropy Weight Method (EWM) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution model (EWM‐TOPSIS), the conflicting indicators of soil resistance was comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation results indicated that moisture content at 0.14 g g−1, bulk density at 1.30 g cm−3 and corn straw‐derived organic matter at 34 g kg−1 was the optimal mode for soil resistance in our experiment. The results suggested that the interaction of soil conditions and incorporated organic matter should be considered to evaluate the susceptibility to compaction in the fields accurately.
Multi‐armed bandit based online model selection for concept‐drift adaptation
Authors: Wilson Jobin , Chaudhury Santanu , Lall Brejesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnsemble methods are among the most effective concept‐drift adaptation techniques due to their high learning performance and flexibility. However, they are computationally expensive and pose a challenge in applications involving high‐speed data streams. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient heterogeneous classifier ensemble entitled OMS‐MAB which uses online model selection for concept‐drift adaptation by posing it as a non‐stationary multi‐armed bandit (MAB) problem. We use a MAB to select a single adaptive learner within the ensemble for learning and prediction while systematically exploring promising alternatives. Each ensemble member is made drift resistant using explicit drift detection and is represented as an arm of the MAB. An exploration factor controls the trade‐off between predictive performance and computational resource requirements, eliminating the need to continuously train and evaluate all the ensemble members. A rigorous evaluation on 20 benchmark datasets and 9 algorithms indicates that the accuracy of OMS‐MAB is statistically at par with state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) ensembles. Moreover, it offers a significant reduction in execution time and model size in comparison to several SOTA ensemble methods, making it a promising ensemble for resource constrained stream‐mining problems.
Effects of rolling process and microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest of a marine steel under low‐temperature
Authors: Xue Chunyang , Yang Mengmeng , Liu Peng , Yan Ling , Shang Xinchun , Liang Zhiguo , Ren Xuechong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effects of the rolling process and microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest of marine steel were systematically investigated. The microstructures of two steel plates produced by different rolling processes were observed and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the rolling process significantly influenced the microstructure. As the rolling temperature decreased, the grain size decreased, the high‐angle grain boundary (HAGB) content increased, and the average grain misorientation angle increased. The brittle crack initiation and the arrest abilities were evaluated by initiation fracture toughness and crack arrest toughness, respectively. The initiation fracture toughness and crack arrest toughness increased with the decreasing grain size and the increasing content of HAGBs. Finally, the influence of microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest ability was explained from two aspects: (1) the critical event of crack initiation at low temperatures, and (2) the hindering effect of HAGB on the propagation of brittle cracks.
Global evidence for joint effects of multiple natural and anthropogenic drivers on soil nitrogen cycling
Authors: Zhang Yong , Cheng Xiaoli , Terrer Cesar , Choi Woo‐Jung , Chen Ji , Luo Yiqi , Ciais Philippe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal soil nitrogen (N) cycling remains poorly understood due to its complex driving mechanisms. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of global soil δ15N, a stable isotopic signature indicative of the N input–output balance, using a machine‐learning approach on 10,676 observations from 2670 sites. Our findings reveal prevalent joint effects of climatic conditions, plant N‐use strategies, soil properties, and other natural and anthropogenic forcings on global soil δ15N. The joint effects of multiple drivers govern the latitudinal distribution of soil δ15N, with more rapid N cycling at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. In contrast to previous climate‐focused models, our data‐driven model more accurately simulates spatial changes in global soil δ15N, highlighting the need to consider the joint effects of multiple drivers to estimate the Earth's N budget. These insights contribute to the reconciliation of discordances among empirical, theoretical, and modeling studies on soil N cycling, as well as sustainable N management.
Framing social movements: A geographical perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Souvik Lal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe geographical concepts of scale, space and place have informed and refined the theory of “framing” in the social movement literature. Going beyond the conventional approach of understanding social movements, this article aims to bring discussions on relational ontology into conversation with the geographical literature on scale and spatial strategies in social movements, proposing a theoretical framework that goes beyond established approaches in the literature on collective action framing. This article proposes for a holistic cross‐disciplinary dialog among political and development geographers and with activists and scholars from other cognate disciplines of social science to understand the complexities of framing in social movements.
The de‐domestication of Ornithopus sativus Brot. to develop cultivars with physical dormancy (hardseed)
Authors: Harrison Robert J. , Nutt Bradley J. , Yates Ronald J. , Hackney Belinda F. , Howieson John G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrnithopus sativus Brot. (French serradella) is a forage legume that is well adapted to acidic coarse textured soils (sands) which are characterized by poor nutrition and an inability to retain water. During the process of domestication of O. sativus, there was an unintentional loss of seed physical dormancy (PY) thus compromising its self‐regeneration after a cropping interval. Through mass screening of seed, we identified for the first time that heritable sources of PY exist in three populations of O. sativus. This rare genetic material was then incorporated into suitable genetic backgrounds of differing maturity through targeted hybridization. We demonstrated that the heritability of PY was dominant in the population of 97ZAF5sat but inconsistently recessive in the population of cv. Emena. Flowering time was variable in each source population, with a large variation in time to emergence of first flowers (95–175 days). Selection for early flowering maturity was heritable and stable. F6 generations selected for PY in different maturity classes were then evaluated in situ to establish whether PY would allow a proportion of seeds to survive in the soil through consecutive seasons exposed to a Mediterranean climate. The breeding lines FHS3, 7 and 23 remained dormant, thus viable, in the soil for up to 3 years, indicating the likelihood that O. sativus with PY could survive and persist in a ley farming system. The de‐domestication program in O. sativus has resulted in commercially successful cultivars (most recently cv. Fran2o) suited to sustainable dryland agriculture in a Mediterranean climate.
Serum branched‐chain amino acid levels are associated with fracture risk in Japanese women
Authors: Urano Tomohiko , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Uenishi Kazuhiro , Shiraki Masataka 
Published: May 2024

AimBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been shown to exert beneficial effects on muscle and bone metabolism; however, no studies to date have investigated whether BCAAs have beneficial effects on bone fractures. Herein, we aim to prospectively investigate the relationship between serum BCAA concentrations and the occurrence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in Japanese women.MethodsDuring the observation period (7.5 ± 6.1 years), 188 of 983 participants experienced VF. Kaplan–Meier analyses were conducted to examine time‐dependent variations in the vertebral compression fracture occurrence rate. Patients were stratified into quartiles based on serum BCAA concentration for this analysis.ResultsThe analysis results indicated that the group with the lowest BCAA level developed VFs significantly earlier and with a higher frequency than the other groups (P < 0.001). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that BCAA concentration was a significant risk factor for incident fracture, even after adjusting for possible confounding factors. A series of multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors related to serum BCAA concentration, with the results identifying levels of glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001), adiponectin (P < 0.001), and NOx (P = 0.011) as significant factors associated with serum BCAA.ConclusionsOverall, the present study revealed that a lower serum BCAA level was an independent risk factor for incident VF in postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 603–608.
The re‐organization of care and working lives during the pandemic: Lived experiences of the COVID‐19 policy context in the UK
Authors: Stovell Clare , Daskalaki Maria , Hawthorne Alexis , Tzanakou Charikleia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose that the reproduction of labor‐power, achieved through the expropriation of women's work at home and in the community, is acutely relevant to the analysis of the consequences of the COVID‐19 crisis. Capitalist structures of exploitation rely heavily on undervaluing women's and other marginalized peoples' work, specifically tasks related to social reproduction and care. In this paper, we assess the effects of COVID‐19 remedial state policies on the re‐organization of care and working lives during the pandemic within the UK, an example of a neoliberal regime with an individualist approach to responsibility for care. Drawing on data from the European H2020 project RESISTIRÉ (RESpondIng to outbreakS through co‐creaTIve inclusive equality stRatEgies), we first assess the policies brought in by the UK government in response to the pandemic from a gender perspective, with a particular focus on the extent to which the work–care nexus has been considered. We then draw on the personal narratives of women in the UK, who were differentially affected by the pandemic, to analyze the lived experiences of this policy context and the challenges faced in “reconciling” paid work and care. These experiences demonstrate that any attempt to effectively respond to and reverse structural inequalities needs to address the dynamic interrelationship of paid and unpaid work, and particularly unpaid care work that women undertake at home and beyond. This is crucial in our attempt to challenge neoliberal capitalist organizing, transform societies and build a fairer, more inclusive post‐pandemic future.
A nation‐wide medical record database study: Value of hepatitis B surface antigen loss in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan
Authors: Okada Kinya , Nakayama Yoshikazu , Xu Jennings , Cheng Yang , Tanaka Junko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is considered to be one of the best surrogate endpoints of functional cure for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, evidence regarding the relationship between achieving HBsAg seroclearance or a low baseline HBsAg level, and long‐term clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with chronic HBV infection remains to be confirmed in a real‐world setting.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was performed with an electronic medical record database, including data from 230 hospitals across Japan. Chronic HBV infection was defined as two consecutive, positive HBsAg laboratory measurements for HBV infection. The date of the second positive was used as a baseline to identify subsequent HBsAg seroclearance and liver disease progression.ResultsIn the database, 2523 patients with chronic HBV infection were identified as the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cohort. Among the CHB cohort with an average observational period of 5.19 ± 3.87 years, 202 patients (8%) achieved HBsAg seroclearance after baseline. They had a lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.206, p < 0.01) and cirrhosis (aHR 0.361, p < 0.01). When the CHB cohort was stratified into two groups based on baseline HBsAg levels (<100 IU/mL and ≥100 IU/mL), patients with a lower baseline level of HBsAg (<100 IU/mL) had a lower risk of developing liver disease (HCC aHR 0.600, p < 0.01; cirrhosis aHR 0.618, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results confirm the clinical significance of HBsAg seroclearance and low HBsAg level at baseline with respect to long‐term outcomes of patients with CHB in the Japanese population.
Artificial intelligence enhances whole‐slide interpretation of PD‐L1 CPS in triple‐negative breast cancer: A multi‐institutional ring study
Authors: Li Jinze , Dong Pei , Wang Xinran , Zhang Jun , Zhao Meng , Shen Haocheng , Cai Lijing , He Jiankun , Han Mengxue , Miao Jiaxian , Liu Hongbo , Yang Wei , Han Xiao , Liu Yueping 
Published: May 2024

Background and aimsEvaluation of the programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) combined positive score (CPS) is vital to predict the efficacy of the immunotherapy in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), but pathologists show substantial variability in the consistency and accuracy of the interpretation. It is of great importance to establish an objective and effective method which is highly repeatable.MethodsWe proposed a model in a deep learning‐based framework, which at the patch level incorporated cell analysis and tissue region analysis, followed by the whole‐slide level fusion of patch results. Three rounds of ring studies (RSs) were conducted. Twenty‐one pathologists of different levels from four institutions evaluated the PD‐L1 CPS in TNBC specimens as continuous scores by visual assessment and our artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted method.ResultsIn the visual assessment, the interpretation results of PD‐L1 (Dako 22C3) CPS by different levels of pathologists have significant differences and showed weak consistency. Using AI‐assisted interpretation, there were no significant differences between all pathologists (P = 0.43), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value was increased from 0.618 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.524–0.719] to 0.931 (95% CI = 0.902–0.955). The accuracy of interpretation result is further improved to 0.919 (95% CI = 0.886–0.947). Acceptance of AI results by junior pathologists was the highest among all levels, and 80% of the AI results were accepted overall.ConclusionWith the help of the AI‐assisted diagnostic method, different levels of pathologists achieved excellent consistency and repeatability in the interpretation of PD‐L1 (Dako 22C3) CPS. Our AI‐assisted diagnostic approach was proved to strengthen the consistency and repeatability in clinical practice.
Smooth muscle hyperplasia in protein kinase C‐fused blue naevi: Report of 12 cases
Authors: Goutas Dimitrios , Hayenne Pauline , Tirode Franck , Pissaloux Daniel , Yeh Iwei , de la Fouchardiere Arnaud 
Published: May 2024

Background and aimsPKC‐fused blue naevi are a recently described group of melanocytic tumours that have distinctive morphological features, including a pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma‐like junctional component or a dermal biphasic architecture associating with naevocytoid nests surrounded by dendritic and spindled pigmented melanocytes (so‐called ‘combined common and blue naevus’). There have been reports of smooth muscle hyperplasia in a hamartoma‐like pattern in cases of combined blue naevi without genetic exploration.Materials and methodsHerein, we describe 12 cases of protein kinase C (PKC)‐fused blue tumours associated with a co‐existing smooth muscle hyperplasia, identified from a total of 98 PKC‐fused melanocytic tumours. Archived slides of PKC‐fused blue naevi with haematoxylin, eosin and phloxin staining, immunohistochemistry and molecular confirmation of a PKC‐fusion by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) or RNAseq were re‐evaluated for identification of notable smooth muscle hyperplasia. Fifty‐one of these slides had already been studied in a previous publication from our group.ResultsThe hyperplasia ranged from hypertrophic arrector pili muscles to extensive horizontal bundles of disorganised fibres constantly associated and limited within a biphasic dermal melanocytic component. At least one arrector pili muscle was always visible within the tumour, with occasionally direct extension of the hyperplastic fibres from the main muscle body. These muscle fibres were devoid of a PKC‐fusion signal by FISH. PKC molecules are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle function, offering an explanatory framework.ConclusionsThese data suggest incorporating smooth muscle hyperplasia as a diagnostic morphological feature of PKC‐fused blue melanocytic tumours.
A vision for academic and third sector collaboration in (criminal) justice
Authors: Annison Harry , Paradine Kate 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article we sketch a vision that might guide academic and third sector collaboration. We do so by drawing on a project that involved collaboration with a range of stakeholders, in order to stimulate ongoing discussion about how academics and the third sector might work together to seek positive change. Our findings show that there are keenly felt challenges, but also a sense of resilient optimism. A key finding among our stakeholders was a sense that there is an absence of an overarching shared vision, which was experienced by many of our respondents as consequential. Therefore, in the spirit of constructive provocation we set out such a vision, which was collaboratively developed with our respondents: opening a dialogue, rather than providing a conclusive position.
Labeling and consumer purchases
Authors: Calderon‐Monge Esther , Ramírez‐Hurtado José M. , Cuesta Inés Ramos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLabeling information and its presentation are intended to guide consumers at a store toward a choice of food that is healthier than they might otherwise buy. Consumer reactions to labeling are examined in this study through the Nutri‐Score (food) label, the efficacy and utility of which is still under debate. The aim is to analyze the degree of approval of Nutri‐Score through the Technology Acceptance Model, applying structural equation modeling to data gathered from a questionnaire administered to a sample of 478 Spanish consumers. All the hypotheses of the theoretical model were validated. The results of the proposed Nutri‐Score Acceptance Model affirmed that perceived usefulness is a direct predictor of consumer attitude and purchasing behavior, when consumers are evaluating the contents of the Nutri‐Score label. In turn, perceived ease of use had an indirect influence on the two previous variables. In this study, it is confirmed that Nutri‐Score is an effective system for guiding consumer purchase decisions on packaged food. The usefulness of the label generates positive attitudes toward intention of use among consumers.
Analysis of the relationship between fear of coronavirus and hand hygiene beliefs and practices of surgical nurses: A descriptive and cross‐sectional study
Authors: Eksici Ilayda , Tastan Sevinc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyse the relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and hand hygiene beliefs and practices of surgical nurses.MethodThis article is a descriptive correlational study. It was conducted between February and May 2021 with 306 surgical nurses working at public and private hospitals in Northern Cyprus. A personal information form, Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory were used for data collection.ResultsOf the participants in the study, 25.41% were 29 years old or younger and 85.15% were female. The mean scores obtained from the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, Hand Hygiene Belief Scale and the Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory were 23.12 ± 8.03, 81.33 ± 7.67 and 69.15 ± 1.94, respectively. The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale scores were negatively correlated with the Hand Hygiene Belief Scale scores and positively correlated with the Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory scores.ConclusionHand hygiene practices were better for nurses with higher level of COVID‐19 fear. Therefore, a high level of seriousness and awareness of nurses about hand hygiene, which was achieved during the COVID‐19 pandemic, should be sustained to maintain proper hand hygiene practices.