bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessing Polysubstituted NH Pyrroles from Nitroalkenes via [4+2]‐Cycloaddition/Reductive Ring Contraction Strategy
Authors: Pospelov Evgeny V. , Zhirov Alexander V. , Kamidolla Baglan , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel two‐step access to polysubstituted pyrroles from nitroalkenes was developed. It involves [4+2]‐cycloaddition with enol ethers to give six‐membered cyclic nitronates followed by reductive ring contraction with Ra−Ni/AcOH or Ra−Ni/EtOH systems. The process is applicable to a variety of nitroalkenes and enol ethers bearing electron‐rich and electron‐poor substituents and functional groups. The anti‐inflammatory drug Bimetopyrol and its structural modifications were successfully synthesized by the strategy developed. The key side products were identified that provided an insight into the mechanism of the developed reductive ring contraction to pyrroles.
Nanopore sequencing of forensic short tandem repeats using QNome of Qitan Technology
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Xie Zi‐Han , Ren Zi‐Lin , Yan Jiang‐Wei , Ni Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevices of nanopore sequencing can be highly portable and of low cost. Thus, nanopore sequencing is promising in in‐field forensic applications. Previous investigations have demonstrated that nanopore sequencing is feasible for genotyping forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) by using sequencers of Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Recently, Qitan Technology launched a new portable nanopore sequencer and became the second supplier in the world. Here, for the first time, we assess the QNome (QNome‐3841) for its accuracy in nanopore sequencing of STRs and compare with MinION (MinION Mk1B). We profile 54 STRs of 21 unrelated individuals and 2800M standard DNA. The overall accuracy for diploid STRs and haploid STRs were 53.5% (378 of 706) and 82.7% (134 of 162), respectively, by using QNome. The accuracies were remarkably lower than those of MinION (diploid STRs, 84.5%; haploid, 90.7%), with a similar amount of sequencing data and identical bioinformatics analysis. Although it was not reliable for diploid STRs typing by using QNome, the haploid STRs were consistently correctly typed. The majority of errors (58.8%) in QNome‐based STR typing were one‐repeat deviations of repeat units in the error from true allele, related with homopolymers in repeats of STRs.
Analysis of parabolic trough solar collector thermal efficiency with application of a graphene oxide nanosheet‐based nanofluid
Authors: Jamali Hamzeh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNowadays, clean energy production and reconciliation with nature is one of the best solutions known to rectify the global warming issue. Solar energy, as a clean and green one, has recently been drawing scientists' attention to itself more than ever. Applying parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) is one of the state‐of‐the‐art ways to extract energy from the sun. As one of the most interesting research topics, the thermal efficiency enhancement of PTSCs is studied. The current study demonstrates how the thermal efficiency of PTSCs is enhanced through the application of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as an inexpensive nanomaterial with superb thermal conductivity and unique structure, in thermal oil, namely, Behran oil, as heat transfer fluid, within the effective volume fraction range of  0.05. The above‐mentioned analysis is based on the theoretical calculations performed through a mathematical model based on the Taylor series approximation. All the calculations are performed with respect to a PTSC unit of a solar–thermal power plant situated in Shiraz, Iran, as the research case study. In addition, the Nan et al. model is used to analytically predict how the increase in the volume fraction of GO nanosheets raises the thermal conductivity and consequently increases the convection heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid, leading to the thermal efficiency enhancement of PTSCs. The results reveal a maximum thermal efficiency of 71.10% for the volume fraction of  0.05. In comparison to the thermal efficiency of the real‐world case‐study mentioned above with pure thermal oil, that is, 67.71%, the thermal efficiency enhancement by about 5.5%, is achieved. Moreover, it is discussed how the thermal efficiency achieved from GO nanosheets surpasses the ones obtained from the application of particle shape nanomaterials, or carbon nanotubes in the same conditions.
Investigation on the pullout bearing properties and stress characteristics of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass
Authors: Du Yunlou , Zhang Yujiang , Feng Guorui , He Lujin , Zhang Xihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoal‐measure strata is a typical layered structure, a better understanding of the bearing characteristics of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass is of great significance for roadway support. However, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass. In this paper, a numerical model of fully grouted bolt in layered rock mass was established, and a tri‐linear bond–slip model of the anchorage interface was imported into the numerical model by the user‐defined Fish language. The effects of strata sequence, strata thickness, and strata number in layered rock mass on the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts were systematically analyzed. The results show that fully grouted bolts in soft–hard type (SH‐type) layered rock mass has higher bearing capacity. The greater the thickness of the soft rock in the layered rock mass, the more significant the influence of the strata sequence on the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts. The bearing capacity of fully grouted bolts decreases with the increase of the thickness ratio of soft rock to hard rock. The greater the thickness of the hard rock in the layered rock mass, the more beneficial to the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts. With the increase of the strata number, the bearing capacity of fully grouted bolts gradually decreases. For bolt support of layered rock mass, the deep anchoring foundation of fully grouted bolts should be arranged in hard rock or elastic zone rock as much as possible, and rock grouting can be adopted to reduce the difference in mechanical properties between layered rock mass and improve the durability of fully grouted bolts. The research results may provide useful guidance and reference for the support design of fully grouted bolts.
How digital transformation can influence workflows, teaching practices and curricula in (bio)process science and engineering—An interview series with stakeholders
Authors: Buyel J. F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA massive digital transformation is underway in biotechnology and process engineering fueled by recent advances in machine learning and so‐called artificial intelligence, especially in the large language model field (e.g., ChatGPT). Training courses and curricula will need to adapt to keep pace, but the speed of progress is such that guidelines for the implementation of a digital transformation are probably already outdated. We therefore interviewed stakeholders from the fields of didactics, biotechnology and process engineering to collect the latest perspectives on the impact of digital transformation and to solicit recommendations for the adaptation of curricula and training courses to reflect new work profiles in academia and industry. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 17 stakeholders and used a framework analysis approach to structure and evaluate the collected information. For example, data handling was the dominant general activity affected by digital transformation, whereas multitasking was relevant to work, and the design and implementation of new didactic methods and content was linked to teaching. The interviews revealed that an increasingly diverse set of skills and competences (in addition to those in current curricula) will be expected from the next generation of biotechnologists and process engineers. This includes profound programming skills, model building abilities, as well critical data interpretation and data literacy in the widest sense. The corresponding key challenges will be a reasonable and structured disinvestment in other areas to provide slots for the new content and to secure resources for the implementation of necessary modifications.
Fenugreek seed proteins: Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, characterization, and cupcake application
Authors: Turker Izzet , Olgun Gamze Nur , Isleroglu Hilal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, fenugreek seed proteins were extracted using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction with varying solid:solvent ratios (20–60 g/L) and sonication amplitudes (30%–80%) to determine optimal conditions for the highest extraction yield. The functional, structural, and nutritional characteristics of the protein isolates of fenugreek seeds were investigated. The highest yield (98.74 ± 0.49%) was achieved at a solid:solvent ratio of 43.83 g/L and an amplitude of 67.51%. The coagulated protein values of fenugreek seed protein isolates ranged from ~15.8% to 31.2%, water‐holding capacities ranged from ~2.2 to 3.2 g/g, oil‐holding capacities ranged from ~2.6 to 4.1 g/g, foaming capacities ranged from ~16.3% to 21.3%, foam stabilities ranged from ~59.7% to 78.1%, emulsion stabilities ranged from ~30.2 to 34.5 min, emulsion activities ranged from ~73.8 to 76.8 m2/g, and emulsion capacities ranged from ~26.9% to 30.5% under different extraction conditions. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed three distinct bands (46, 59, and 80 kDa) for the protein isolates. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed a high presence of β‐sheet structures. The amino acid composition analysis of fenugreek seed protein isolates was determined, revealing richness in essential amino acids (317.97 g amino acid/kg protein isolate). In addition, cupcakes enriched with protein isolates (5%, 10%, and 20% as flour substitutes) were produced, and quality properties such as color change, browning index, moisture content, water activity, baking yield, bulk density, hardness, volume, symmetry, and uniformity indexes were determined. The application of protein isolates in cupcake production demonstrated the potential of fenugreek seeds as valuable ingredients for enhancing the nutritional profile of bakery products.
Astrocyte diversity in the ferret cerebrum revealed with astrocyte‐specific genetic manipulation
Authors: Tai Nguyen Chi , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAstrocytes in the cerebrum play important roles such as the regulation of synaptic functions, homeostasis, water transport, and the blood–brain barrier. It has been proposed that astrocytes in the cerebrum acquired diversity and developed functionally during evolution. Here, we show that like human astrocytes, ferret astrocytes in the cerebrum exhibit various morphological subtypes which mice do not have. We found that layer 1 of the ferret cerebrum contained not only protoplasmic astrocytes but also pial interlaminar astrocytes and subpial interlaminar astrocytes. Morphologically polarized astrocytes, which have a long unbranched process, were found in layer 6. Like human white matter, ferret white matter exhibited four subtypes of astrocytes. Furthermore, our quantification showed that ferret astrocytes had a larger territory size and a longer radius length than mouse astrocytes. Thus, our results indicate that, similar to the human cerebrum, the ferret cerebrum has a well‐developed diversity of astrocytes. Ferrets should be useful for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to astrocyte diversity, the functions of each astrocyte subtype and the involvement of different astrocyte subtypes in various neurological diseases.
Interest of therapeutic plasmapheresis in a chronic hemodialysis patient with severe bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ahmadpoor Pedram , Beck Mathilde , Michel Moise , Pambrun Emilie , Stoebner Pierre , Moranne Olivier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune blistering disease induced by autoantibodies against basement membrane anchoring proteins (anti‐BP‐180 and anti‐BP‐230). The disease generally appears after the age of 70 and is associated with a 23.5% 1‐year mortality, especially in diabetics, or in the presence of ischemic heart disease and high anti‐BP‐180. Treatment starts with topical steroids but some patients may require oral steroids and systemic immunosuppression. We, hereby, discuss a diabetic patient on chronic hemodialysis, with severely relapsed bullous pemphigoid under biotherapy with omalizumab, who was successfully treated with five sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis, thus avoiding the need for systemic steroids.
ChatGPT can yield valuable responses in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery
Authors: Kaarre Janina , Feldt Robert , Zsidai Bálint , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Rydberg Emilia Möller , Wolf Olof , Mukka Sebastian , Möller Michael , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the possibility of using Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) specifically in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery by questions posed to ChatGPT and to evaluate responses (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness) by orthopaedic trauma surgeons.MethodsChatGPT (GPT‐4 of 12 May 2023) was asked to address 34 common orthopaedic trauma surgery‐related questions and generate responses suited to three target groups: patient, nonorthopaedic medical doctor and expert orthopaedic surgeon. Three orthopaedic trauma surgeons independently assessed ChatGPT's responses by using a three‐point response scale with a response range between 0 and 2, where a higher number indicates better performance (correctness, completeness and adaptiveness).ResultsA total of 18 (52.9%) of all responses were assessed to be correct (2.0) for the patient target group, while 22 (64.7%) and 24 (70.5%) of the responses were determined to be correct for nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively. Moreover, a total of 18 (52.9%), 25 (73.5%) and 28 (82.4%) of the responses were assessed to be complete (2.0) for patients, nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively. The average adaptiveness was 1.93, 1.95 and 1.97 for patients, nonorthopaedic medical doctors and expert orthopaedic surgeons, respectively.ConclusionThe study results indicate that ChatGPT can yield valuable and overall correct responses in the context of orthopaedic trauma surgery across different target groups, which encompassed patients, nonorthopaedic medical surgeons and expert orthopaedic surgeons. The average correctness scores, completeness levels and adaptiveness values indicated the ability of ChatGPT to generate overall correct and complete responses adapted to the target group.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
A tight upper bound on the average order of dominating sets of a graph
Authors: Beaton Iain , Cameron Ben 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the average order of dominating sets in a graph, . Like other average graph parameters, the extremal graphs are of interest. Beaton and Brown conjectured that for all graphs of order without isolated vertices, . Recently, Erey proved the conjecture for forests without isolated vertices. In this paper we prove the conjecture and classify which graphs have . We also use our bounds to prove an average version of Vizing's conjecture.
An unusual case of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by splenic infarction presenting as inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Pathania Shivany , Rehman Rahiya , Ward Madeleine , Yalcindag Ali , Ross Albert , Herzlinger Michael , Gorbounova Irina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe describe a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in a 7‐year‐old‐male who initially presented with symptoms concerning for Inflammatory bowel disease. GPA is a rare, multisystemic necrotizing vasculitis involving small arteries and veins. The clinical presentation can be variable given its multisystemic involvement but more commonly involves the upper and lower airways and kidneys. This case highlights rare gastrointestinal symptoms of GPA, further complicated by an additional unique finding of splenic infarction. We hope to raise awareness for this rare illness to assist in diagnosis and treatment, as timely induction of remission can reduce significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.
Temporary abdominal closure in oncological patients: Surgical characteristics and implications
Authors: Szor Daniel José , Pinto Rodrigo Ambar , Obregon Carlos de Almeida , Tustumi Francisco , Perazzo Fernando , Stolzemburg Lucas Catapreta , Silveira Sérgio , Júnior Ulysses Ribeiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn critically ill patients, temporary abdominal closure (TAC) is utilized for conditions like abdominal compartment syndrome risk, gross abdominal contamination, and intestinal loop viability doubts. TAC techniques aim to safeguard abdominal contents, drain intraperitoneal fluids, and minimize fascia and skin damage. Our goal is to outline clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in oncological patients undergoing peritoneostomy.MethodsPatients undergoing TAC with vacuum therapy at a tertiary oncological center were studied, with data sourced from an institutional database.ResultsForty‐seven patients (54.3% female), with an average age of 63.1 ± 12.3 years, were included in the study. The primary tumor site was predominantly gastrointestinal (78.2%). Patients presented systemic signs of chronic disease, reflected by a mean body mass index of 18.2 ± 7.6 kg/m², hemoglobin level of 9.2 ± 1.8 g/dL, and albumin level of 2.3 ± 0.6 g/dL. Additionally, most patients had a low‐performance status (53% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1/2, 44.8% Karnofsky score ≤80, and 61.2% Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥6). Emergency surgical complications were the main reasons for initial surgery (68%), with the majority attributed to fecal peritonitis (65.9%). Only 14.8% of patients achieved complete abdominal closure with an average of 24.8 days until closure. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 85.2%.ConclusionTAC is an alternative for oncological patients with surgical complications, but it carries a high mortality rate due to the compromised conditions of the patients.
Three different patellar fixation techniques yield similar clinical and radiological outcomes in recurrent patellar dislocation undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Huo Zhenhui , Niu Yingzhen , Kang Huijun , Hao Kuo , Fan Chongyi , Li Kehan , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of three different patellar fixation techniques on medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) in the treatment of patellar dislocation (PD).MethodsBetween 2015 and 2020, 130 patients with recurrent PD who underwent surgical reconstruction were eligible for this retrospective study: 48 patients were treated with the semi‐tunnel bone bridge fixation technique (Group A), 42 patients were treated with the suture anchor fixation technique (Group B) and 40 patients were treated with the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique (Group C). Clinical outcomes included functional outcomes (Kujala, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores), activity levels (Tegner activity score and return to sports), physical examinations, patellar re‐dislocation rate and complications. Radiological outcomes included patellar congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar translation and lateral patellar angle.ResultsAll clinical and radiological outcomes improved significantly in all groups, without any significant difference among these three groups. At the final follow‐up, no re‐dislocation occurred, and all groups achieved a successful return to sports. However, the semi‐tunnel bone bridge and suture anchor fixation techniques showed statistically higher Tegner activity scores (p = 0.004) and shorter time from surgery to return to sports (p = 0.007) than the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique.ConclusionThe three MPFLR patellar fixation techniques achieved favourable and comparable clinical and radiological outcomes in the treatment of PD. Compared with the transpatellar tunnel fixation technique, the semi‐tunnel bone bridge and suture anchor fixation techniques may be more effective with higher activity levels.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Plasmonic Toroidal Vortices
Authors: Yang Da‐Jie , Li Yang , Zhang Ye‐Qi , Liu Lu , Xie Yuan‐Hao , Fu Xingqiu , Liu Ji‐Cai , Wang Qu‐Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractToroidal vortices, or vortex rings, are torus‐shaped vortices observed in various fluid systems. Recently, optical toroidal vortices, novel solutions to Maxwell's equations, have been experimentally observed (Nat. Photonics, 2022, 16, 519). Thus, their nanoplasmonic counterparts, namely plasmonic toroidal vortices, are highly anticipated. This study aims to elucidate the generation and manifestation of plasmonic toroidal vortices. To achieve this, a technique involving the illumination of a gold nanotorus with a radially‐polarized beam is employed. Notably, the plasmonic toroidal vortices exhibit a distinct photon flow trajectory along the minor radius of a nanotorus. This work presents an advancement in toroidal vortices within the plasmonic regime.
Enhancing the accuracy of register‐based metrics: Comparing methods for handling overlapping psychiatric register entries in Finnish healthcare registers
Authors: Suokas Kimmo , Gutvilig Mai , Lumme Sonja , Pirkola Sami , Hakulinen Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesHealthcare registers are invaluable resources for research. Partly overlapping register entries and preliminary diagnoses may introduce bias. We compare various methods to address this issue and provide fully reproducible open‐source R scripts.MethodsWe used all Finnish healthcare registers 1969–2020, including inpatient, outpatient and primary care. Four distinct models were formulated based on previous reports to identify actual admissions, discharges, and discharge diagnoses. We calculated the annual number of treatment events and patients, and the median length of hospital stay (LOS). We compared these metrics to non‐processed data. Additionally, we analyzed the lifetime number of individuals with registered mental disorders.ResultsOverall, 2,130,468 individuals had a registered medical contact related to mental disorders. After processing, the annual number of inpatient episodes decreased by 5.85%–10.87% and LOS increased by up to 3 days (27.27%) in years 2011–2020. The number of individuals with lifetime diagnoses reduced by more than 1 percent point (pp) in two categories: schizophrenia spectrum (3.69–3.81pp) and organic mental disorders (1.2–1.27pp).ConclusionsThe methods employed in pre‐processing register data significantly impact the number of inpatient episodes and LOS. Regarding lifetime incidence of mental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders require a particular focus on data pre‐processing.