bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Maxillary Incisive Canal Characteristics Related to Dental Implant Treatment With Computerized Tomography: A Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Tözüm Tolga F. , Güncü Güliz N. , Yıldırım Yağmur D. , Yılmaz Hasan Güney , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Velasco‐Torres Miguel , Al‐Hezaimi Khalid , Al‐Sadhan Raed , Karabulut Erdem , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2011

Background: A close anatomic relationship between the incisive canal and the roots of the central maxillary incisors should be kept in mind during dental‐implant treatment in the anterior maxilla. The aim of the present study is to analyze incisive canal characteristics on computed tomography (CT) sections and to evaluate its relation to bone anterior to the canal with regard to dental implantation.Methods: A total of 933 partially edentulous and/or edentulous patients scheduled for implant insertion in four dental clinics enrolled in the present study. The following were measured and recorded from CT sections for analysis: 1) diameter and length of the incisive canal; 2) width and length of the bone anterior to the canal; 3) palatal bone width and length; and 4) root width and length of the central incisor.Results: Mean canal length was 10.86 ± 2.67 mm, and mean diameter was 2.59 ± 0.91 mm. Canal length was shortened in edentulous anterior maxilla compared to dentate maxilla. However, canal diameter did not show any difference between dentate and edentulous groups. Males had a longer and wider incisive canal than females. Canal shape was mostly cylindrical in 40.73% of images. No correlation was found with mean canal length and mean canal diameter according to age.Conclusions: Although variations exist in every patient, the findings from this study suggest that sex and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.
Current approach to episiotomy: Inevitable or unnecessary?
Authors: Jovanovic Nebojsa , Kocijancic Dusica , Terzic Milan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn episiotomy is a surgical incision through the perineum made to provide sufficient area for the delivery of the infant. About 10 to 95% of women who deliver will have episiotomy depending on which part of the world they are having delivery.Too early episiotomy causes extensive bleeding and too late episiotomy causes the excessive stretching of a pelvic floor and lacerations could not be prevented.According to widely accepted arguments, there are many benefits of episiotomy for the neonate: prevention of injuries, shoulder dystocia and mental retardation of the infant. Benefits for the mother are: reduction of severe lacerations, prevention of sexual dysfunction, prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence. But those things could also be complications of episiotomy, if it is being used nonrestrictively. Some other complications are also extensive bleeding, hematoma or infection.There are many different opinions in literature about using episiotomy restrictively or routinely, so it is the right doubt arisen: is it inevitable or unnecessary?There is a wide variation in episiotomy practice, and the decision of performing it or not depends of actual clinical situation.There is still a great need for continuous obstetrics education according to the evidence based guidelines for the patient’s safety.
A case of mono-microbial Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in a metropolitan region of Australia
Authors: Palamuthusingam Dharmenaan , Dwyer Brian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis documented case of mono-microbial Klebsiella pneumonia liver abscess with pulmonary metastasis in an adult in metropolitan Australian evokes important epidemiological, clinical and microbiological issues. These include the increasing incidence of this disease in western society, predisposing conditions, variability of presentation and the virulence of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Survival and complete recovery after severe acute ethylen glycol poisoning — a case report
Authors: Sinkovic Andreja , Stopar Rok 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEarly signs of acute ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning are similar to ethanol intoxication. However, such signs of EG poisoning are followed by severe metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap, neurological and renal dysfunction, and, without adequate therapy, up to 40% mortality. Early recognition and treatment with intravenous ethanol or fomepizole and bicarbonate, renal replacement therapy, and supportive measures are the key elements of survival.We report a patient presenting in a coma with a metabolic acidosis on admission of pH 6.89, an increased anion gap of 29 mmol/L, and acute renal failure after the ingestion of an unknown quantity of EG. Intravenous bicarbonate and fluids and other supportive measures such as intubation, mechanical ventilation and vasopressors were started immediately. EG poisoning was confirmed by the finding of EG in the urine by gas chromatography. Intravenous ethanol and renal replacement therapy were started. The duration of ethanol infusion was guided by the serum pH and anion gap. After a long in-hospital stay, the patient survived with complete neurological recovery but mild renal dysfunction, confirming that, despite the late start of agressive intensive treatments, survival, and even nearly complete recovery, is possible in cases of severe EG poisoning. In addition, the case suggests that serial pH measurements are satisfactory guides for the duration of intravenous ethanol and bicarbonate therapy.
Clinical Characterization of a Kindred With a Novel 12-Octapeptide Repeat Insertion in the Prion Protein Gene
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Boeve Bradley F. , Boot Brendon P. , Orr Carolyn F. , Duffy Joseph , Woodruff Bryan K. , Nair Anil K. , Ellison Jay , Kuntz Karen , Kantarci Kejal , Jack Clifford R. , Westmoreland Barbara F. , Fields Julie A. , Baker Matthew , Rademakers Rosa , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo report the clinical, electroencephalographic, and neuroradiologic findings in a kindred with a novel insertion in the prion protein gene, PRNP.DesignClinical description of a kindred.SettingMayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Rochester, Minnesota).SubjectsTwo pathologically confirmed cases and their relatives.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical features, electroencephalographic patterns, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, genetic analyses, and neuropathologic features.ResultsThe proband was a woman with clinical and neuroimaging features of atypical frontotemporal dementia and ataxia. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures developed later in the disease course, and electroencephalography revealed spike and wave discharges but no periodic sharp-wave complexes. Her affected sister and father also exhibited frontotemporal dementia–like features, and both experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures and gait ataxia late in the disease course. Genetic analyses in the proband identified a novel defect in PRNP, with 1 mutated allele carrying a 288–base pair insertion consisting of 12 octapeptide repeats. Neuropathologic examination of the proband and her sister revealed prion protein–positive plaques and widespread tau-positive tangles.ConclusionsThis kindred has a unique combination of clinical and neuropathologic features associated with the largest base pair insertion identified to date in PRNP and underscores the need to consider familial prion disease in the differential diagnosis of a familial frontotemporal dementia–like syndrome.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2
Authors: Heatwole Chad , Johnson Nicholas , Goldberg Bradley , Martens William , Moxley Richard 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundMyotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a recently discovered adult muscular dystrophy. Similar to DM1, this disease causes progressive debilitating weakness, clinical myotonia, and early cataracts and is thought to cause widespread physiologic dysfunction of multiple organ systems.ObjectiveTo analyze and compile the laboratory abnormalities of patients with DM2.DesignBaseline DM2 laboratory data were compiled representing 68 different types of laboratory tests and 1442 total studies.SettingUniversity medical center.PatientsEighty-three adults with genetically confirmed or clinically probable DM2 were identified. Of these patients, 49 had documented baseline laboratory screening.Main Outcome MeasuresThe individual frequencies of abnormal laboratory values in the population with DM2 studied.ResultsOf the 1442 studies, results for 359 (24.9%) were outside of their standard reference ranges. Of the 68 types of laboratory tests studied, 43 had values from 15 or more different patients with DM2. The relative frequency of an abnormally elevated laboratory value was greater than 50% in several tests, including the levels of creatine kinase, total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase. In addition, serum levels of IgG were low in 75% of all patients with DM2 tested, and absolute lymphocyte counts were low in 54% of all patients with DM2 tested.ConclusionsThere is a high frequency of laboratory abnormalities in patients with DM2. These abnormalities provide insight into the widespread pathologic manifestations of DM2 and may form a basis for clinical monitoring and disease screening.
Compound Management: Guidelines for Compound Storage, Provision, and Quality Control
Authors: Holland‐Crimmin Sue , Gosnell Paul , Quinn Chad 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe scientific discipline of compound management has developed significantly over the last decade, as witnessed by the large number of conferences dedicated to this topic. The key elements of compound management include (1) the management, storage, and processing of both solids and liquids; (2) compound delivery and interface with key customers; (3) performance of instruments and automation that support these operations; (4) analytical techniques used for quality assurance; and (5) sample informatics, including registration, routing, and compound quality data. This article incorporates guidelines, best practices, and experimental protocols for these key aspects of compound management. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:141‐152 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scheduling of crude oil operations under demand uncertainty: A robust optimization framework coupled with global optimization
Authors: Li Jie , Misener Ruth , Floudas Christodoulos A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractScheduling of crude oil operations is an important component of overall refinery operations, because crude oil costs account for about 80% of the refinery turnover. The mathematical modeling of blending different crudes in storage tanks results in many bilinear terms, which transform the problem into a challenging, nonconvex, mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model. In practice, uncertainties are unavoidable and include demand fluctuations, ship arrival delays, equipment malfunction, and tank unavailability. In the presence of these uncertainties, an optimal schedule generated using nominal parameter values may often be suboptimal or even become infeasible. In this article, the robust optimization framework proposed by Lin et al. and Janak et al. is extended to develop a deterministic robust counterpart optimization model for demand uncertainty. The recently proposed branch and bound global optimization algorithm with piecewise‐linear underestimation of bilinear terms by Li et al. is also extended to solve the nonconvex MINLP deterministic robust counterpart optimization model and generate robust schedules. Two examples are used to illustrate the capability of the proposed robust optimization approach, and the extended branch and bound global optimization algorithm for demand uncertainty. The computational results demonstrate that the obtained schedules are robust in the presence of demand uncertainty. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2373–2396, 2012
On the use of process analytical technologies and population balance equations for the estimation of crystallization kinetics. A case study
Authors: Gherras Nesrine , Fevotte Gilles 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe batch cooling solution crystallization of ammonium oxalate was performed in water at various constant cooling rates. Measurements of the solute concentration were obtained using in situ attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, and final estimates of the crystal size distribution (CSD) were computed; thanks to in situ image acquisition and off‐line image analysis. The crystallization process was then simulated using population balance equations (PBEs). Estimates of the nucleation and the growth parameters were computed through model/experiments fitting. According to the cooling rate, the PBE model allowed distinguishing between two distinct crystallization regimes, separated by an “intermediate regime.” The respective contributions and shortcomings of solute concentration measurements and granulometric data to the identification of nucleation and growth kinetic parameters are analyzed and discussed. It is shown in particular that no real separate estimation of nucleation and growth parameters can be obtained in the absence of CSD data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
RETRACTED: Transcriptional regulation of βsecretase‐1 by 12/15‐lipoxygenase results in enhanced amyloidogenesis and cognitive impairments
Authors: Chu Jin , Zhuo Jia‐Min , Praticò Domenico 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:12/15‐Lipoxygenase (12/15‐LO) is an enzyme widely distributed in the central nervous system, and it has been involved in the neurobiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the mechanism involved remains elusive.Methods:We investigated the molecular mechanism by which 12/15‐LO regulates amyloid β (Aβ)/Aβ precursor protein (APP) metabolism in vivo and in vitro by genetic and pharmacologic approaches.Results:Here we show that overexpression of 12/15‐LO leads to increased levels of β‐secretase‐1 (BACE1) mRNA and protein, a significant elevation in Aβ levels and deposition, and a worsening of memory deficits in AD transgenic mice. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that 12/15‐LO regulates BACE1 mRNA expression levels via the activation of the transcription factor Sp1. Thus, 12/15‐LO–overexpressing mice had elevated levels of Sp1 and BACE1, whereas 12/15‐LO–deficient mice had reduced levels of both. Preventing Sp1 activation by pharmacologic inhibition or dominant‐negative mutant blocks the 12/15‐LO–dependent elevation of Aβ and BACE1 levels.Interpretation:Our findings demonstrate a novel pathway by which 12/15‐LO increases the amyloidogenic processing of APP through a Sp1‐mediated transcriptional control of BACE1 levels that could have implications for AD pathogenesis and therapy. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:57–67
Arrested preoligodendrocyte maturation contributes to myelination failure in premature infants
Authors: Buser Joshua R. , Maire Jennifer , Riddle Art , Gong Xi , Nguyen Thuan , Nelson Kerst , Luo Ning Ling , Ren Jennifer , Struve Jaime , Sherman Larry S. , Miller Steven P. , Chau Vann , Hendson Glenda , Ballabh Praveen , Grafe Marjorie R. , Back Stephen A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:The major form of magnetic resonance imaging–defined white matter injury (WMI) comprises diffuse lesions where the burden of small necrotic foci (microscopic necrosis) is poorly defined. We hypothesized that myelination failure associated with diffuse WMI involves an aberrant injury response linked to arrested preoligodendrocyte (preOL) maturation in reactive astrocyte‐rich lesions.Methods:A retrospective autopsy series (1983–2000) was selected for cases with diffuse WMI and analyzed relative to prospectively collected contemporary cases (2003–2010). Controls were age‐ and region‐matched to address regional variation in preOL maturation. Successive oligodendrocyte stages were analyzed with lineage‐specific markers. Microscopic necrosis was quantified with microglial markers. Axon injury markers defined the burden of axonopathy. Extracellular matrix remodeling was defined by detection of hyaluronic acid (HA), an inhibitor of preOL maturation, and the HA receptor, CD44.Results:In the contemporary case series, diffuse WMI was accompanied by a significant reduction in the burden of microscopic necrosis and axonopathy. Diffuse astrogliosis extended into the lesion surround with elevated HA and astrocyte‐expressed CD44. The total population of OL lineage stages was significantly increased in lesions. This increase coincided with significant expansion of the preOL pool.Interpretation:Although these data confirm that microscopic necrosis occurs in contemporary cases, the markedly decreased burden supports that it does not contribute substantially to myelination failure. The primary mechanism of myelination failure involves a disrupted cellular response whereby preOLs fail to differentiate in diffuse astrogliotic lesions. PreOL maturation arrest converts chronic WMI to a more immature state related to the burden of astrogliosis. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:93–109
Use of laccase in pulp and paper industry
Authors: Virk Antar Puneet , Sharma Prince , Capalash Neena 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLaccase, through its versatile mode of action, has the potential to revolutionize the pulping and paper making industry. It not only plays a role in the delignification and brightening of the pulp but has also been described for the removal of the lipophilic extractives responsible for pitch deposition from both wood and nonwood paper pulps. Laccases are capable of improving physical, chemical, as well as mechanical properties of pulp either by forming reactive radicals with lignin or by functionalizing lignocellulosic fibers. Laccases can also target the colored and toxic compounds released as effluents from various industries and render them nontoxic through its polymerization and depolymerization reactions. This article reviews the use of both fungal and bacterial laccases in improving pulp properties and bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluents. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Possible thermoregulatory functions of the internal vertebral venous plexus in man and various other mammals: Evidence from comparative anatomical studies
Authors: Hoogland P.V.J.M. , Vorster W. , Groen R.J.M. , Kotzé S.H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComparative anatomy was used to collect more evidence for a thermoregulatory function of the internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP). The venous connections of the IVVP were studied and compared in various mammals in order to find evidence for the existence of climate related anatomical adaptations. Humans and vervet monkeys were chosen as representatives of mammals living in moderate climates, the IVVP of the dolphin was studied because this animal is always surrounded by cold water. The springbok was chosen as a representative of mammalian species living under very hot conditions. The present study was exclusively performed on post mortem material. After filling the venous system with latex the IVVP and its venous connections were dissected. It appeared that in the dolphin, veins from the trunk muscles were directly and exclusively connected to the IVVP in the absence of an azygos vein. In the vervet monkey and human specimens, veins originating in the muscles drained both into the caval veins and into the IVVP. In these mammals veins draining from brown fat areas were also connected to the IVVP. In the springbok, drainage of blood from the muscles was prevented to enter the IVVP by the presence of valves. In humans and vervet monkeys we found that the lumbar parts of the IVVP were connected to subcutaneous veins of the back. It was concluded that the anatomy of the IVVP and its connecting veins may serve to thermoregulate the spinal cord and that climate related anatomical adaptations were present in the species studied. Clin. Anat. 25:452–460, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscarinic receptor subtypes as potential targets to modulate oligodendrocyte progenitor survival, proliferation, and differentiation
Authors: De Angelis Federica , Bernardo Antonietta , Magnaghi Valerio , Minghetti Luisa , Tata Ada Maria 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter but also an important signaling molecule in neuron‐glia interactions. Expression of ACh receptors has been reported in several glial cell populations, including oligodendrocytes (OLs). Nonetheless, the characterization of muscarinic receptors in these cells, as well as the description of the cholinergic effects at different stages of OL development, is still incomplete. In this study, we characterized the pattern of expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in primary cultures of rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and mature OLs, at both mRNA and protein levels. We found that muscarinic receptor expression is developmentally regulated. M1, M3, and M4 receptors were the main subtypes expressed in OPC, whereas all receptor subtypes were expressed at low levels in mature OLs. Exposure of OPC to muscarine enhanced cell proliferation, an effect mainly due to M1, M3, and M4 receptor subtypes as demonstrated by pharmacological competition with selective antagonists. Conversely, M2 receptor activation impaired OPC survival. In line with the mitogenic activity, muscarinic receptor activation increased the expression of platelet derived growth factor receptor α. Muscarine stimulation increased CX32 and myelin basic protein expression, left unaffected that of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), and decreased member of the family of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ErbB3/ErbB4 receptor expression indicating a predominant role of muscarinic receptors in OPC. These findings suggest that ACh may contribute to the maintenance of an immature proliferating progenitor pool and impair the progression toward mature stage. This hypothesis is further supported by increased expression of Notch‐1 in OL on muscarinic activation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 713–728, 2012