bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reprogramming of Mouse, Rat, Pig, and Human Fibroblasts into iPS Cells
Authors: Rajarajan Kuppusamy , Engels Marc C. , Wu Sean M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe induction of pluripotency in somatic cells by transcription‐factor overexpression has been widely regarded as one of the major breakthroughs in stem cell biology within this decade. The generation of these induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has enabled investigators to develop in vitro disease models for biological discovery and drug screening, and in the future, patient‐specific therapy for tissue or organ regeneration. While new technologies for reprogramming are continually being discovered, the availability of iPSCs from different species is also increasing rapidly. Comparison of iPSCs across species may provide new insights into key aspects of pluripotency and early embryonic development. iPSCs from large animals may enable the generation of genetically modified large animal models or potentially transplantable donor tissues or organs. This unit describes the procedure for the generation of iPSCs from mouse, rat, pig and human fibroblasts. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 97:23.15.1‐23.15.32. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trends in hip fracture incidence and in the prescription of antiosteoporosis medications during the same time period in Belgium (2000–2007)
Authors: Hiligsmann Mickaël , Bruyère Olivier , Roberfroid Dominique , Dubois Cécile , Parmentier Yves , Carton Joëlle , Detilleux Johann , Gillet Pierre , Reginster Jean‐Yves 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the secular trend of hip fracture incidence in Belgium between 2000 and 2007 and the concomitant change in the prescriptions of antiosteoporosis medications.MethodsThe incidence of hip fractures and the number of prescriptions were determined using national databases. A logistic regression including years and 5‐year age range was performed to assess the secular trend of hip fracture incidence, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between hip fracture incidence and the prescriptions of antiosteoporosis medications.ResultsThe annual number of hip fractures increased in Belgium from 13,512 in 2000 to 14,744 in 2007, with a more marked increased in men (20.4%) than in women (5.7%). The age‐adjusted incidence of hip fractures was significantly decreased by 1.12% per year in women, but declined nonsignificantly by 0.34% per year in men. An increase in the prescriptions of antiosteoporosis medications in women was observed during the same time period.ConclusionDespite an increase in the number of hip fractures in Belgium between 2000 and 2007, there was a significant decrease in age‐adjusted incidence in women but not in men. Although our results suggest that the decrease may be related to the extent of antiosteoporosis medications, a causal relationship cannot be ascertained and many other factors may have contributed to the decrease in age‐adjusted incidence.
Disease severity and knee extensor force in knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Berger Michael J. , Kean Crystal O. , Goela Aashish , Doherty Timothy J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the method of disease severity measurement influences the magnitude of knee extensor force deficits in knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsData from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 659) were analyzed. Knee extensor force was assessed with isometric contractions. Clinical severity was measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Patients were stratified into tertiles of severity (i.e., moderate, mild, and severe OA) based on the lowest, middle, and highest WOMAC scores, respectively. Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grading was used to assess radiographic severity of the tibiofemoral compartment and patients were again stratified into mild (K/L grade <2), moderate (K/L grade 2), and severe (K/L grade >2) knee OA.ResultsWhen stratifying with the WOMAC, force was significantly lower in the severe group compared to the mild (∼18% lower; P < 0.001) and moderate groups (∼9% lower; P = 0.03), and in the moderate group compared to the mild group (∼10% lower; P = 0.03). When stratifying with K/L grade, small nonsignificant differences were observed in the severe (∼7% lower; P = 0.19) and moderate groups (∼8% lower; P = 0.08) compared to the mild group. Large intragroup variability was observed when comparing WOMAC scores across radiographic severity (coefficients of variation were 79.3%, 74.6%, and 61.6% for K/L grade <2, K/L grade 2, and K/L grade >2, respectively).ConclusionThe method of disease severity stratification influences the magnitude of knee extensor force deficits because no difference in force between disease subgroups was observed when stratifying with K/L grade. Furthermore, there was large variability in the WOMAC score within each radiographic subgroup, highlighting the limitations in using radiographic measures to reflect symptom severity.
Predictors of health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from a web‐based survey
Authors: Haverman L. , Grootenhuis M. A. , van den Berg J. M. , van Veenendaal M. , Dolman K. M. , Swart J. F. , Kuijpers T. W. , van Rossum M. A. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveChildren with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experience functional impairment due to joint manifestations of the disease. The aim of our present study was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and its predictors in a group of children and adolescents with JIA.MethodsThe study sample includes all JIA patients (ages 6–18 years) who consulted a pediatric rheumatologist in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, between February 2009 and March 2010. HRQOL was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (ages 6–18 years). Functional ability was measured using the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, and medical and sociodemographic parameters were assessed. The study sample was compared to a Dutch youth norm population including children with other chronic health conditions. The proportion of children with JIA with an impaired HRQOL (<1 SD) was evaluated and multivariate regression analyses were performed to predict HRQOL outcome.ResultsOf the eligible patients, 64.1% (n = 152) participated. Both children (ages 6–12 years) and adolescents (ages 13–18 years) with JIA reported a significantly lower HRQOL in almost all domains compared to either healthy controls or children with other chronic health conditions. Approximately half of the children with JIA showed an impaired HRQOL. The main predictors of HRQOL were functional ability, pain, subjective burden of medication use, and school absence.ConclusionThe HRQOL is severely affected in children and adolescents with JIA. These findings underline the necessity to systematically monitor HRQOL in daily clinical practice.
Potential impact on patient residence to hospital travel distance and access to care under a policy of preferential referral to high‐volume knee replacement hospitals
Authors: FitzGerald John D. , Soohoo Nelson F. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the potential impact of a policy of selective referral to high‐volume knee replacement hospitals on patients' travel distance to hospitals and access to care for patients seeking total knee replacement (TKR) in urban and rural settings.MethodsThe travel distance required for patients to reach their hospital of service and the additional travel distance required to reach the nearest high‐volume hospital were analyzed using a 100% sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service patients undergoing TKR in 2001.ResultsOf the 183,174 TKRs performed in the US during 2001, 95% of the patients selected underwent TKR at a hospital that was located within 50 miles of their residence. There were 11,550 patients who had their TKR performed at a low‐volume hospital (LVH) where there was no nearer high‐volume hospital. The impact of a policy that would direct patients to high‐volume hospitals varied by region. In urban areas, the nearest high‐volume hospital was a median of 3.8 miles further than the LVH of service. The patient factors race and poverty were associated with selection of LVHs in urban areas. In rural areas and urban clusters, 1,506 patients would have had to travel >50 miles and 259 patients would have had to travel >100 miles to reach a high‐volume hospital.ConclusionA policy to direct patients away from LVHs could increase patients' travel time to hospitals in rural areas and restrict access for minority and low‐income patients in urban areas. Any implementation of selective referral to high‐volume centers should address access to hospitals for rural patients and urban minority and low‐income patients.
Inactive disease and remission in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mina Rina , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Ravelli Angelo , Beresford Michael W. , Avcin Tadej , Espada Graciela , Eberhard B. Anne , Schanberg Laura E. , O'Neil Kathleen M. , Silva Clovis A. , Higgins Gloria C. , Onel Karen , Singer Nora G. , von Scheven Emily , Imundo Lisa F. , Nelson Shannen , Giannini Edward H. , Brunner Hermine I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo define inactive disease (ID) and clinical remission (CR) and to delineate variables that can be used to measure ID/CR in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).MethodsDelphi questionnaires were sent to an international group of pediatric rheumatologists. Respondents provided information about variables to be used in future algorithms to measure ID/CR. The usefulness of these variables was assessed in 35 children with ID and 31 children with minimally active lupus (MAL).ResultsWhile ID reflects cSLE status at a specific point in time, CR requires the presence of ID for >6 months and considers treatment. There was consensus that patients in ID/CR can have <2 mild nonlimiting symptoms (i.e., fatigue, arthralgia, headaches, or myalgia) but not Raynaud's phenomenon, chest pain, or objective physical signs of cSLE; antinuclear antibody positivity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation can be present. Complete blood count, renal function testing, and complement C3 all must be within the normal range. Based on consensus, only damage‐related laboratory or clinical findings of cSLE are permissible with ID. The above parameters were suitable to differentiate children with ID/CR from those with MAL (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.85). Disease activity scores with or without the physician global assessment of disease activity and patient symptoms were well suited to differentiate children with ID from those with MAL.ConclusionConsensus has been reached on common definitions of ID/CR with cSLE and relevant patient characteristics with ID/CR. Further studies must assess the usefulness of the data‐driven candidate criteria for ID in cSLE.
Patient handling and musculoskeletal disorders among hospital workers: Analysis of 7 years of institutional workers' compensation claims data
Authors: Kim Hyun , Dropkin Jonathan , Spaeth Kenneth , Smith Francine , Moline Jacqueline 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational injuries and illnesses among hospital workers in the United States. To date, there is little in the literature examining the principal effect of patient handling on MSDs. The primary objective of this study was to investigate and confirm the principal effect of patient handling on hospital worker MSDs.MethodsWorkers' Compensation (WC) claims related to MSDs filed during 2003–2009 by employees in a large US healthcare system were classified using ICD‐9. Patient handling, demographic, work, and injury characteristics were obtained. Two multivariable Poisson regression models were compared to evaluate association between risk factors and MSDs. One model contained all risk factors, excluding patient handling; the other model included patient handling.ResultsAmong 3,452 claims from 24,824 FTEs, 76% were MSDs. About half of the MSDs involved patient handling. In the regression model without patient handling, EMS workers, women, 50–59 years of age, union members, evening shift workers, and fulltime workers showed associations with MSDs. However, all the observed associations disappeared when patient handling was included in the second regression model; patient handling was the only factor showing an association with MSDs, although the effect was not strong (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.2–1.3).ConclusionsAll the observed associations of risk factors disappeared and were further away from patient handling on the causal pathway to MSDs. Patient handling involves numerous work elements and dynamic physical activities. Understanding the work elements of patient handling and conducting interventions based on specific patient handling tasks can substantially reduce MSDs among hospital workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:683–690, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dorsal Fronto‐Parietal Connections of the Human Brain: A Fiber Dissection Study of Their Composition and Anatomical Relationships
Authors: Maldonado Igor L. , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Duffau Hugues 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFiber dissection of the deep white matter of a human left cerebral hemisphere (lateral view). See Figure 2 in Maldonado et al., on page 189, in this issue.
Interferon‐γ release assay versus tuberculin skin test prior to treatment with golimumab, a human anti–tumor necrosis factor antibody, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Hsia Elizabeth C. , Schluger Neil , Cush John J. , Chaisson Richard E. , Matteson Eric L. , Xu Stephen , Beutler Anna , Doyle Mittie K. , Hsu Benjamin , Rahman Mahboob U. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of an interferon‐γ release assay (IGRA) versus the standard tuberculin skin test (TST) as a screening tool for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection prior to the initiation of anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases.MethodsThis integrated analysis involved screening of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, those with psoriatic arthritis, and those with ankylosing spondylitis from phase III trials of golimumab. The IGRA used to screen for latent TB was the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐Tube test.ResultsIn this pooled analysis, 2,282 patients underwent both IGRA and TST screening prior to golimumab treatment. Among these patients, 13.8% had at least one test yielding positive findings for latent TB, including 9.4% with positive results by TST, 7.0% with positive results by IGRA, and 2.6% with positive results on both tests. The rate of indeterminate results for TB on IGRA was 1.8%. Agreement between the TST and IGRA results, measured by the kappa coefficient, was 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.157–0.279; P = 0.021). Among the patients with positive IGRA findings, 36.9% had positive TST findings. Among the patients with positive TST findings, 27.4% had positive IGRA findings. Overall, 781 (34.2%) of the 2,282 patients had previously received the bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine; among this vaccinated group, the rate of positivity for latent TB by TST was 15.2% (119 of 781), compared to a rate of positivity of 9.1% (71 of 781) by IGRA (P = 0.0002). Among patients who had not received the BCG vaccine, the rate of positivity by TST was 5.0% (62 of 1,248) and the rate of positivity by IGRA was 5.8% (72 of 1,248) (P = 0.3745). When the IGRA was repeated in patients whose results were initially indeterminate, the rate of indeterminate IGRA findings for latent TB was much lower than has been previously reported.ConclusionIn the absence of a true gold standard test for latent TB infection, results of this comparison of IGRA and TST in a large cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases suggest that the IGRA provides greater specificity and possibly greater sensitivity than the TST.
Anatomical Sciences Education Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2012 Cover Image
Authors: Griksaitis Michael J. , Sawdon Marina A. , Finn Gabrielle M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMedical students at Durham University, United Kingdom receive instructions using ultrasound
echocardiography. In this issue of ASE Dr. Finn and her colleagues compare the efficacy of ultrasound and cadaveric prosections for teaching gross anatomy of the heart.
Tuning the Activity of Mitochondria‐Penetrating Peptides for Delivery or Disruption
Authors: Horton Kristin L. , Pereira Mark P. , Stewart Kelly M. , Fonseca Sonali B. , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMitochondrially targeted agents have the capacity to be both vehicles for the delivery of bioactive agents and mitochondrial disrupters and show promise for the treatment of various diseases. Engineering these agents to specifically accumulate or disrupt the mitochondrion is challenging, as there is a fine line between characteristics of the molecules that accomplish each task. Here, we assess the physicochemical properties governing mitochondrial matrix accumulation or membrane disruption caused by mitochondria‐penetrating peptides. Increases in peptide length and hydrophobicity were uncovered as the dominant factors in deriving membrane disruptive activity. Shorter, less hydrophobic peptides did not disrupt the mitochondrial membrane, but rather accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix without interfering with cellular activity. These shorter peptides, however, can trigger cytochrome c release through activation of the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC), but only at very high concentrations. This study illustrates that the activity of a mitochondria‐localizing agent can be controlled through alterations in peptide hydrophobicity and dosing concentrations.
Carbodiphosphorane Analogues E(PPh3)2 with E=C–Pb: A Theoretical Study with Implications for Ligand Design
Authors: Takagi Nozomi , Tonner Ralf , Frenking Gernot 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuantum‐chemical calculations at the BP86/TZVPP level have been carried out for the heavy Group 14 homologues of carbodiphosphorane E(PPh3)2, where E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, which are experimentally unknown so far. The results of the theoretical investigation suggest that the tetrelediphosphoranes E(PPh3)2 (1 E) are stable compounds that could become isolated in a condensed phase. The molecules possess donor–acceptor bonds Ph3P→E←PPh3 to a bare tetrele atom E, which retains its four valence electrons as two electron lone pairs. The analysis of the bonding situation and the calculation of the chemical reactivity indicate that the molecules 1 E belong to the class of divalent E(0) compounds (ylidones). All molecules 1 C–1 Pb have very large first but also very large second proton affinities, which distinguishes them from the N‐heterocyclic carbene homologues, in which the donor atom is a divalent E(II) species that possesses only one electron lone pair. Compounds 1 E are powerful double donors that strongly bind Lewis acids such as BH3 and AuCl in the complexes 1 E(BH3)n and 1 E(AuCl)n (n=1, 2). The bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the second BH3 and AuCl molecules are only slightly less than the BDE of the first BH3 and AuCl. The results of this work are a challenge for experimentalists.
A Versatile Ru Catalyst for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Both Aromatic and Aliphatic Sulfinylimines
Authors: Pablo Óscar , Guijarro David , Kovács Gábor , Lledós Agustí , Ujaque Gregori , Yus Miguel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA highly efficient Ru catalyst based on an achiral, very simple, and inexpensive amino alcohol ligand (2‐amino‐2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol) has been developed for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of chiral N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines. This complex is able to catalyze the ATH of both aromatic and the most challenging aliphatic sulfinylimines by using isopropyl alcohol as the hydrogen source. The diastereoselective reduction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic sulfinylketimines, including sterically congested cases, over short reaction times (1–4 h), followed by desulfinylation of the nitrogen atom, affords the corresponding highly enantiomerically enriched (ee up to >99 %) α‐branched primary amines in excellent yields. The same ligand was equally effective for the synthesis of both (R)‐ and (S)‐amines by using the appropriate absolute configuration in the iminic substrate. DFT mechanistic studies show that the hydrogen‐transfer process is stepwise. Moreover, the origin of the diastereoselectivity has been rationalized.
Analysis of distributed multiperiodic systems to achieve consistent data matching
Authors: Pontisso Nadège , Quéinnec Philippe , Padiou Gérard 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe distributed real‐time architecture of an embedded system is often described as a set of communicating components. Such a system is dataflow (for its description) and time triggered (for its execution). The architecture forms a graph of communicating components, where more than one path can link two components. Because the characteristics of the network and the behavior of intermediate components may vary or are only partially known, these paths often have different timing characteristics, and the flows of information that transit on these paths reach their destination at independent times. However, an application that seeks consistent values will require these flows to be temporally matched so that a component uses inputs that all (directly or indirectly) depend on the same computation step of another component. In this paper, we define this temporal data‐matching property, both in a strict sense and in a relaxed way allowing approximately consistent values. Then, we show how to analyze a system architecture to detect situations that result in data‐matching inconsistencies. In the context of multiperiodic systems, where components do not necessarily share a common period, we also describe an approach to manage data matching that uses queues to delay too fast paths and timestamps to recognize consistent data sets. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and Implementation of an Interleaved ZVS Converter with High Input Voltage
Authors: Lin B. R. , Chao C. H. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAn interleaved half‐bridge converter is presented for high input voltage application. The features of the proposed converter are zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for all active switches, ripple current reduction at output side, load current sharing and load voltage regulation. Two half‐bridge converters connected in series and two split capacitors are used to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input DC bus voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high input voltage application. On the other hand, the output sides of two half‐bridge converters are connected in parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the rectifier diodes. Since two half‐bridge converters are operated with interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM), the output ripple current can partially cancel each other such that the resultant ripple current at output side is reduced and the size of output inductors can be reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, asymmetrical PWM scheme is used to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.