bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COL4A1 mutations in patients with sporadic late‐onset intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Weng Yi‐Chinn , Sonni Akshata , Labelle‐Dumais Cassandre , de Leau Michelle , Kauffman W. Berkeley , Jeanne Marion , Biffi Alessandro , Greenberg Steven M. , Rosand Jonathan , Gould Douglas B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:Mutations in the type IV collagen alpha 1 gene (COL4A1) cause dominantly inherited cerebrovascular disease. We seek to determine the extent to which COL4A1 mutations contribute to sporadic, nonfamilial, intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs).Methods:We sequenced COL4A1 in 96 patients with sporadic ICH. The presence of putative mutations was tested in 145 ICH‐free controls. The effects of rare coding variants on COL4A1 biosynthesis were compared to previously validated mutations that cause porencephaly, small vessel disease, and hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and cramps (HANAC) syndrome.Results:We identified 2 rare nonsynonymous variants in ICH patients that were not detected in controls, 2 rare nonsynonymous variants in controls that were not detected in patients, and 2 common nonsynonymous variants that were detected in patients and controls. No variant found in controls affected COL4A1 biosynthesis. Both variants (COL4A1P352L and COL4A1R538G) found only in patients changed conserved amino acids and impaired COL4A1 secretion much like mutations that cause familial cerebrovascular disease.Interpretation:This is the first assessment of the broader role for COL4A1 mutations in the etiology of ICH beyond a contribution to rare and severe familial cases and the first functional evaluation of the biosynthetic consequences of an allelic series of COL4A1 mutations that cause cerebrovascular disease. We identified 2 putative mutations in 96 patients with sporadic ICH and showed that these and other previously validated mutations inhibit secretion of COL4A1. Our data support the hypothesis that increased intracellular accumulation of COL4A1, decreased extracellular COL4A1, or both, contribute to sporadic cerebrovascular disease and ICH. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Preparation and dispersibility of poly(L‐lactide)‐grafted silica nanoparticle
Authors: Takamura Masaaki , Yamauchi Takeshi , Tsubokawa Norio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo improve dispersibility of silica nanoparticle in organic solvents, the grafting of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) onto silica nanoparticle surface by ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide (LA) was investigated in the presence of an amidine base catalyst. The ring‐opening polymerization of LA successfully initiated in the presence of silica having amino groups (silica‐NH2) and an amidine base catalyst to give PLLA‐grafted silica, but not in the presence of untreated silica (silica‐OH). In the absence of the amidine base catalyst no ring‐opening polymerization of LA even in the presence of silica‐NH2 and no grafting of PLLA onto silica were observed. It became apparent that the amidine base catalyst acts as an effective catalyst for the ring‐opening graft polymerization of LA from the surface of silica‐NH2. In addition, it was found that the percentage of PLLA grafting onto silica could be controlled according to the reaction conditions. The average particle size of PLLA‐grafted silica was smaller than that of silica‐NH2. Therefore, it was considered that the aggregation structure of silica nanoparticles was considerably destroyed by grafting of PLLA onto the surface. The PLLA‐grafted silica gave a stable dispersion in polar solvents, which are good solvents for PLLA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A microfluidic system for investigation of extravascular transport and cellular uptake of drugs in tumors
Authors: Elliott Nelita T. , Yuan Fan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) tumor models have been established in various microfluidic systems for drug delivery and resistance studies in vitro. However, one of the main drawbacks of these models is non‐uniform distribution of cells, leaving regions with very low cell density within the 3D structures. As a result, molecular diffusion in the cell compartments is faster than that observed in solid tumors. To solve this problem, we developed a new technique for preparation of 3D tumor models in vitro. It was based on a microfluidic device containing three parallel channels separated by narrowly spaced posts. Tumor cells were loaded into the central channel at high density. To test the system, B16.F10 melanoma cells were perfusion‐cultured overnight and the resulting 3D structure was characterized in terms of viability, density, and morphology of cells as well as transport properties of small fluorescent molecules. Immediately upon loading of tumor cells, the cell density was comparable to those observed in B16.F10 tumor tissues in vivo; and the viability of tumor cells was maintained through the overnight culture. The tumor model displayed low extracellular space and high resistance to diffusion of small molecules. For membrane‐permeant molecules (e.g., Hoechst 33342), the rate of interstitial penetration was extremely slow, compared to membrane‐impermeant molecules (e.g., sodium fluorescein). This versatile tumor model could be applied to in vitro studies of transport and cellular uptake of drugs and genes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1326–1335. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correcting veiling glare of refined CIECAM02 for mobile display
Authors: Park YungKyung , Luo Ming Ronnier , Li Chang Jun , Kwak Youngshin , Park Du‐Sik , Kim Changyeong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSmall displays are widely used; they are small enough to be carried around and are often viewed under extreme surround conditions. Under bright illumination, mobile display users experience “veiling glare” caused by bright ambient lighting. A refined version of CIECAM02 called “Refined CIECAM02 and original CIECAM02” were tested to predict visual results in terms of lightness (J), colourfulness (M), and brightness (Q) on a 2‐inch sized display (2″) mobile phone under four surround conditions; dark (0 cd/m2), dim (5 cd/m2), average (1000 cd/m2), and bright (10,000 cd/m2). Other than the two versions of CIECAM02 using the original data, a correction to the models' predicted lightness J and a black correction to the original data were developed. Overall, the refined CIECAM02 plus the J correction performed the best for predicting the lightness, brightness and colourfulness under all the viewing conditions, especially for bright surround condition.Furthermore, another experiment was carried out using complex images to verify different versions of CIECAM02. The images were reproduced using JMh (lightness, colourfulness, and hue) spaces from the modified CIECAM02 versions. The experiment was conducted by comparing original images viewed under dim, average, or bright surround conditions and the predicted images were viewed under dark surround condition on two identical mobile displays. The different versions of the CIECAM02 showed similar results to each other for dim and average surround conditions but large differences when predicting the images under bright surround condition. The refined CIECAM02 with the J′ formula performed the best amongst all four CIECAM02 versions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013.
Testing Interval Forecasts: A GMM‐Based Approach
Authors: Dumitrescu Elena‐Ivona , Hurlin Christophe , Madkour Jaouad 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a new evaluation framework for interval forecasts. Our model‐free test can be used to evaluate interval forecasts and high‐density regions, potentially discontinuous and/or asymmetric. Using a simple J‐statistic, based on the moments defined by the orthonormal polynomials associated with the binomial distribution, this new approach presents many advantages. First, its implementation is extremely easy. Second, it allows for a separate test for unconditional coverage, independence and conditional coverage hypotheses. Third, Monte Carlo simulations show that for realistic sample sizes our GMM test has good small‐sample properties. These results are corroborated by an empirical application on SP500 and Nikkei stock market indexes. It confirms that using this GMM test leads to major consequences for the ex post evaluation of interval forecasts produced by linear versus nonlinear models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of the hand motor area by arterial spin labeling and blood oxygen level‐dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Pimentel Marco A. F. , Vilela Pedro , Sousa Inês , Figueiredo Patrícia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe new clinically available arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging sequences present some advantages relatively to the commonly used blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) method for functional brain studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In particular, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes are thought to be more directly related with neuronal activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of the functional localization of the hand motor area obtained by simultaneous CBF and BOLD contrasts provided by ASL functional MRI (fMRI) and compare it with a standard BOLD fMRI protocol. For this purpose, we measured the distance between the center of gravity of the activation clusters obtained with each contrast (CBF, BOLDASL, and Standard BOLD) and 11 positions defined on a well‐established anatomical landmark of the hand motor area (the omega in the axial plane of the precentral gyrus). We found that CBF measurements were significantly closer to the anatomical landmark than the ones obtained using either simultaneous BOLDASL or standard BOLD contrasts. Moreover, we also observed reduced intersubject variability of the functional localization, as well as percent signal change, for CBF relative to both BOLD contrast measurements. In conclusion, our results add further evidence in support to the notion that CBF provides a more accurate localization of motor activation than BOLD contrast, indicating that ASL may be an appropriate technique for clinical fMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paradigm free mapping with sparse regression automatically detects single‐trial functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent responses
Authors: Caballero Gaudes César , Petridou Natalia , Francis Susan T. , Dryden Ian L. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ability to detect single trial responses in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies is essential, particularly if investigating learning or adaptation processes or unpredictable events. We recently introduced paradigm free mapping (PFM), an analysis method that detects single trial blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses without specifying prior information on the timing of the events. PFM is based on the deconvolution of the fMRI signal using a linear hemodynamic convolution model. Our previous PFM method (Caballero‐Gaudes et al., 2011: Hum Brain Mapp) used the ridge regression estimator for signal deconvolution and required a baseline signal period for statistical inference. In this work, we investigate the application of sparse regression techniques in PFM. In particular, a novel PFM approach is developed using the Dantzig selector estimator, solved via an efficient homotopy procedure, along with statistical model selection criteria. Simulation results demonstrated that, using the Bayesian information criterion to select the regularization parameter, this method obtains high detection rates of the BOLD responses, comparable with a model‐based analysis, but requiring no information on the timing of the events and being robust against hemodynamic response function variability. The practical operation of this sparse PFM method was assessed with single‐trial fMRI data acquired at 7T, where it automatically detected all task‐related events, and was an improvement on our previous PFM method, as it does not require the definition of a baseline state and amplitude thresholding and does not compromise on specificity and sensitivity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and degradation studies of sirolimus‐containing poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) discs
Authors: Ro Andrew J. , Falotico Robert , Davé Vipul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of residual solvent and copolymer ratio on the in vitro degradation and drug release behavior of a bioabsorbable polymer/drug system was investigated in an effort to understand and develop the use of these excipients for controlled drug delivery devices. Sirolimus‐containing poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) discs were fabricated by a solution‐casting method using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent. The residual DMSO was removed from a set of discs by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, and reflections of crystalline sirolimus were observed in the wide‐angle X‐ray scattering profile observed after extraction. A correlation was not observed between the extent of drug crystallization and extraction conditions and copolymer ratio. Mass loss, molecular weight, and sirolimus release were monitored during an in vitro study of the oven‐dried neat PLGA, sirolimus‐containing PLGA, and extracted sirolimus‐containing PLGA discs during 56 days. The sirolimus‐containing PLGA discs with residual DMSO exhibited a faster sirolimus release rate compared to the extracted discs. The residual DMSO facilitated release of sirolimus. The discs that contained PLGA with higher glycolide content, particularly 50% glycolide, degraded faster and exhibited faster sirolimus release. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus furosemide in ADHF: An updated meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Amer Muhammad , Adomaityte Jurga , Qayyum Rehan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE:Administering intermittent boluses of furosemide to patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) often leads to unfavorable hemodynamic changes. Continuous infusion may induce similar or greater diuresis without adverse hemodynamic consequences. We conducted a systemic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared the effects of continuous infusion and intermittent bolus of furosemide in patients hospitalized with ADHF.METHODS:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from their inception until March 2011. Two investigators independently abstracted data on study characteristics, quality, and selected outcomes. Differences between investigators were resolved by mutual consensus. Comparisons were reported as the weighted mean difference (WMDs).RESULTS:Ten trials involving a total of 564 patients were included. When administered as a continuous infusion, furosemide resulted in greater diuresis (WMD, −240.54 mL/24 hours/100 mg furosemide; 95% confidence interval [CI], −462.42 to −18.66) and reduction in total body weight (WMD, −0.78 kg; 95% CI, −1.54 to −0.03), than when administered in intermittent boluses. Urinary sodium excretion (WMD, −20.26 mmol/24 hours; 95% CI, −60.48 to 19.96) and duration of hospital stay (WMD, 0.99 days; 95% CI, −2.08 to 4.06) were not different between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:This meta‐analysis showed statistical support for administering furosemide as a continuous infusion for greater diuresis and reduction in total body weight in patients hospitalized with ADHF. With the exception of greater diuresis, available data are homogenous for the reported outcomes but lack information on clinical endpoints. Larger studies are needed to provide robust recommendations for clinical practice. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerizations of styrene derivatives
Authors: Stals Patrick J. M. , Phan Trang N. T. , Gigmes Didier , Paffen Tim F. E. , Meijer E. W. , Palmans Anja R. A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSeveral (protected) amine and alcohol functionalized styrene monomers were synthesized via readily accessible synthetic routes. The controlled radical copolymerization of these functionalized styrene monomers with styrene was performed using two alkoxyamines, namely N‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐N‐(1‐diethylphosphono‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐O‐(2‐carboxylprop‐2‐yl) hydroxylamine (MAMA‐SG1) and N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropyl)‐O‐(1‐phenylethyl)hydroxylamine. The copolymers obtained showed low polydispersities, controlled molecular weights, and a random topology. The thermal properties of the polymers were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. All polymers were amorphous and showed glass transition temperatures between 40 and 111 °C. Deprotection of the copolymers afforded amine or alcohol pendant polystyrenes which were readily functionalized with isocyanates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Enzymatic‐ and light‐degradable hybrid nanogels: Crosslinking of polyacrylamide with acrylate‐functionalized Dextrans containing photocleavable linkers
Authors: Klinger Daniel , Landfester Katharina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEnzymatically cleavable and light‐degradable hybrid nanogels were prepared by free radical inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) with a newly synthesized functional dextran crosslinker containing acrylate moieties attached to the backbone via a photolabile linker, that is, dextran‐photolabile linker‐acrylate (Dex‐PL‐A). The Dex‐PL‐A/AAm feed ratio was systematically varied to investigate the influence of the particle composition on the gel properties. The resulting hydrogel nanoparticles were examined with regard to their degradation behavior upon the appliance of the two orthogonal stimuli by turbidity measurements in combination with dynamic light scattering. Although continuous photolytic cleavage of the photolabile linkers between polyacrylamide chains and dextran molecules was found to proceed fast and quantitatively yielding completely disintegrated networks, stepwise irradiation resulted in partial degradation of crosslinking points. Thus, nanogels of a desired specific degree of swelling (DGS) can be obtained by adjusting the irradiation time accordingly. Partial enzymatic cleavage of the dextran backbones of the Dex‐PL‐A crosslinking molecules resulted in an increase in the DGS of the nanogels up to a constant value. Subsequent irradiation of those swollen hydrogel particles was used to fully degrade the network structure in a second step. Hence, a two‐step degradation profile was realized by the combination of the two orthogonal stimuli. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Observation of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai waves in the ocean
Authors: Shinoda Toshiaki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe structure and propagation of oceanic Yanai waves (also known as mixed Rossby–gravity waves) are investigated by analysis of satellite‐derived sea‐surface‐height (SSH) data. Significant spectral peaks along the dispersion curves of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai waves are identified by the wavenumber–frequency spectral analysis of SSH for the period 10–17 days. The spatial structure and propagation of these modes are described by an analysis of SSH time series filtered in the frequency–wavenumber domain that includes strong signals along the dispersion curves but excludes those of 17‐day tropical instability waves. The difference in meridional structure between the first and second baroclinic modes, which is consistent with theory, is evident. The slow eastward propagation of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai wave packets, which is consistent with the group velocity derived from theory, is also isolated from the SSH data. Year‐to‐year variability of Yanai wave activity is compared with that of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing a moderate correlation with ENSO Modoki. © Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Importance of using ensemble estimated background error covariances for the quality of atmospheric ozone analyses
Authors: Massart S. , Piacentini A. , Pannekoucke O. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn ensemble method combined with a four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system is used to provide monthly estimates of the background error covariance matrix for global stratospheric and upper tropospheric ozone for the year 2008. The system is composed of the Mocage chemical transport model and the Valentina assimilation system. The ensemble was obtained from parallel analyses of perturbed data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument. The monthly estimates of background error covariances have then been introduced in the assimilation suite. To assess the separate contribution of each of its components, a number of analyses were realized, using only some estimated components of the background error covariances and a basic model for the others. The evaluation is realized by comparing the analyses with independent ozone profiles (from ozonesondes) and total ozone columns (from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument). It demonstrates that using the estimated statistics compared to basic models for the background error covariance matrix globally slightly improves the analysis quality; however, using the estimated statistics more largely improves the analysis quality for special situations encountered in April and October. In these situations, the most important parameter for the analysis quality is the use of estimated correlations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Convergence zones and their impact on the initiation of a mesoscale convective system in West Africa
Authors: Klüpfel Vera , Kalthoff Norbert , Gantner Leonhard , Taylor Christopher M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDuring the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign in 2006, extended surface and boundary‐layer measurements were performed to study the influence of soil‐moisture patterns on the generation of thermally forced circulations and triggering of deep convection. However, not all processes involved in the triggering of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) could be identified in previous studies. Therefore, COSMO (Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling) simulations were carried out investigating possible trigger mechanisms. On 31 July 2006, an MCS was initiated and on 1 August, soil‐moisture inhomogeneities resulted in a thermally forced circulation with an associated convergence zone, but no deep convection was triggered. It was found that the MCS on 31 July was influenced by a cyclonic vortex and favoured by the superposition of two convergence zones of different origins. Initiation of the MCS occurred in the simulation when moist monsoon air was transported to the north, associated with a cold pool ahead of another MCS, and reached the convergence zone. On 1 August, the simulation reproduced the thermally forced circulation caused by the soil‐moisture pattern, which had been produced by the precipitation of the MCS. However, due to low humidity in the boundary layer and low convective available potential energy, the lifting along the convergence zone did not trigger deep convection. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society