bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anwendung ternärer Komplexe zur photometrischen Analyse anorganischer Stoffe
Authors: Koch Siegfried , Ackermann Gerhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAusgehend von den Grenzen der üblichen photometrischen Analysenverfahren auf der Grundlage binärer Metallkomplexe werden Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit und der Selektivität analytischer Reaktionen auf der Basis von Gemischt‐Ligand‐Komplexen diskutiert. Berücksichtigung finden dabei sowohl Reaktionen in wäßriger Lösung als auch Verteilungsreaktionen in Gegenwart organischer Lösungsmittel. Nach der Besprechung einiger Besonderheiten bei der Anwendung ternärer Chelate in der photometrischen Analyse wird auf die Einhaltung optimaler Analysenbedingungen hingewiesen. Es wird gezeigt, daß zur Festlegung der besten Bedingungen Untersuchungen des Systems M, L, L' unumgänglich notwendig sind. Möglichkeiten dazu werden auf der Grundlage photometrischer Messungen aufgezeigt und die dabei zu beachtenden Kriterien mitgeteilt.
Zur CH‐ und C2‐Emission von Kohlenstoffverbindungen in Wasserstoffflammen
Authors: Henrion Günter , Marquardt Dieter , Raguse Hans‐Otto , Fabian Inge 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3. ZusammenfassungFür eine Reihe organischer Verbindungen (Alkohole, Alkane, Ester Ether, Ketone u.a.) konnte trotz ihrer strukturellen Unterschiede unter geeigneten Bedingungen der Flammenstöchiometrie (wasserstoffreich) eine Korrelation der Emissionsintensitäten von CH und C2 nahe r = 1 nachgewiesen werden.Korrekturformeln zur Berücksichtigung von Sauerstoff und Doppelbindungen ermöglichen Darstellung der molaren Intensitäten als lineare Funktion der Kohlenstoffanzahl.
Mesogene β‐Estradiolanaloge
Authors: Hoffmann Siegfried , Brandt Walter , Kumpf Walter , Jaenecke Günter , Weißflog Wolfgang , Brezesinski Gerald 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor elucidation of mesogenic facilities of steroid hormones, different series of coil‐like thermotropic β‐estradiols and some of their rod‐like artificial diethylstilbestrol analogues have been synthesized. The statics and dynamics of these simple thermotropics might primitively model bioregulatory operation modes of their hormonal standards.
Synthese und Eigenschaften der s‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine
Authors: Fischer Gunther 
Published: September 2010

Abstracts‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines are important stabilizers for photographic silver halide emulsions and are used for pharmaceutical and agrochemical purposes, too. In the report it is dealt with syntheses from s‐triazoles and from pyrimidines, physical properties, tautomerism, nuclear alkylation, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, ring fission and other reactions, and applications.
Acceptability and Digestibility of Emulsions in a Rat Model: Effects of Solid Fat Content and Lipid Type
Authors: Wang Ying , Corwin Rebecca , Jaramillo D. Pamela , Wojnicki Francis J. , Coupland John N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study sought to determine if alterations in the chemical nature and form of fat in food would reduce digestibility while maintaining acceptability in rats. Oil‐in‐water emulsions (d < 1 μm) were prepared with either liquid palm oil, solid hydrogenated palm oil or solid docosane, all stabilized with sodium caseinate. The emulsions were incorporated into a fat‐free rodent feed, and each offered over 5 days to separate cohorts of 12 male Sprague–Dawley rats housed in metabolic cages. The feed formulated with solid hydrogenated palm oil was significantly less acceptable than the feeds containing either liquid palm oil or docosane (feed intake 4.9, 26.6 and 32.1 g/animal/day respectively). The proportion of the fat retained (i.e. absorbed) was significantly less in the animals consuming the feed formulated with solid docosane than in the animals consuming either the liquid or solid palm oil (retention 8.7, 99.6, and 97.2%, respectively). The appearance of the feces from the rats fed docosane was different from the rats fed the triacylglycerol samples and thermal analysis revealed many of the solid alkane droplets had not coalesced during passage through the rat's digestive system. These results indicate that indigestible fats can be packaged into food in a manner that does not compromise the acceptability of the product, and does not produce any apparent intestinal distress.
Smoking Patterns among Jordanian Health Professionals: A Study about the Impediments to Tobacco Control in Jordan
Authors: Shishani Kawkab , Nawafleh Hani , Jarrah Samiha , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan 
Published: September 2010

Background: Little is known about Arab health professionals' smoking practices.Aim: This is the first study to examine smoking practices among Arab health professionals.Methods: Background: Little is known about Arab nurses and physicians' smoking patterns.Aim: This study aims to examine smoking patterns among Arab nurses and physicians.Methods: A total of 918 nurses and physicians participated in this study. Data were collected using the Global Professional Health Survey.Results: About 38.8% are current smokers. The smoking percentages for male nurses and male physicians were high (83.8%, 94.6% respectively) compared to female nurses and female physicians (16.2%, 5.4% respectively). Approximately 53.8% wanted to quit and 60.6% had made previous quit attempts that lasted for more than two days. About 64.1% believed that nurses and physicians who smoke were less likely to advise patients to stop smoking. The predictors of smoking were: age when tried first cigarettes OR=6.36, 95% CI=4.48, 9.04; father smokes OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.40, 2.72; mother smokes OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.18, 3.39; shift work OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.04, 2.03; and the interaction (gender and profession) OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.55, 2.14.Discussion: Effective interventions often begin with and/or depend on nurses and physicians being committed to smoking cessation. Given the very high smoking rates among nurses and physicians a key priority must be to provide quit smoking programs and to enable them to become effective champions of smoking cessation nationwide.
Document, text and medium: concepts, theories and disciplines
Authors: Windfeld Lund Niels 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is first to provide a critical conceptual discussion of different use of the notion of text, especially in the case of expressions including words as well as images, second to consider the notion of document as an alternative to the notion of text, and finally to lay out a theoretical ground for a broad discipline of documentation studies.Design/methodology/approachThe approach took the form of a conceptual analysis of a number of works in media and literary studies.FindingsThere were found a number of cases of contradictory use of the notion of text within the same work, talking about text in a broad overall sense covering all media as well as text as a distinctive concept separating words from images, while it was found through a conceptual history of the notion of document that the latter notion not only covers a written paper, but multiple media.Research limitations/implicationsIn future research, one should consider the use of document as the concept for the expressions as a whole and dedicate the notion of text solely for the verbal part of the expressions and make more empirical analysis within this conceptual framework to see if it makes a difference in practice to change the overall concept from text to document.Practical implicationsHaving a broad concept of document, it would be possible to be more flexible regarding the choose of proper media for documentation.Originality/valueBy making a critique of the notion of text and suggesting a broader concept of document as well as documentation, the paper provides a ground for reconsidering the classical disciplinary structure, divided into humanities as well as the information sciences and social sciences.
Hybrid segmentation of internet banking users
Authors: Zuccaro Cataldo , Savard Martin 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to present and discuss the development of a transaction‐based model for segmenting users of internet banking. It aims to employ a random sample of clients of a large Canadian bank in generating the hybrid segments.Design/methodology/approachThe basic transactional profile of the bank's clients was merged with Mosaic's financial segments contained in the Generation5 database. A random sample of 3 percent of a large Canadian chartered bank's clients was drawn from its transaction database. The transaction database employed contains clients from Quebec and the Maritime provinces. The sampling frame consisted of close to one million clients. Two‐step cluster analysis was employed to generate the transaction segment and later merged with the Mosaic financial segment to produce hybrid segments.FindingsTwo‐step cluster analysis identified four generic transaction segments which, when cross‐tabulated with the Mosaic financial segments, produced highly stable and interpretable segments. These hybrid segments are clearly superior to conventional life style or psychographic segments produced by classical segmentation methodologies.Practical implicationsThe results of this study clearly demonstrate the functional and analytical superiority of hybrid customer segments. Hybrid segmentation, by cross‐tabulating transaction and Mosaic's financial segments, provides banks and financial institutions with superior strategic insights in customer understanding, customer segmentation, customer communication, customer prospecting and targeting.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to present, explain and to demonstrate the nature and the operational procedure to develop hybrid customer/client segments. More importantly, it is the first that goes beyond conventional approaches to segmenting banks' clients who engage in internet banking by integrating clients' transaction profiles and Mosaic financial segments. The resulting hybrid segments are radically different than the conventional, one‐dimensional segments produced by conventional cluster‐based segmentation.
The effects of task complexity and skill on over/under‐estimation of internal control
Authors: Mascha Maureen Francis , Miller Cathleen L. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeUsing Bonner's model, this paper aims to examine the effects of skill level and the two task complexity dimensions – clarity and quantity of information – on subjects' internal control risk assessments.Design/methodology/approachThe research expands the literature by isolating the individual components of task complexity and examining how skill interacts with either component in affecting decision making. It uses a 2×4 mixed factors laboratory experiment. This design allows the effects of task complexity and skill between and within subjects to be examined. The mixed factors design includes two levels (high and low) for each dimension of task complexity (clarity and quantity) on a between‐subjects basis, with four separate cases on a within‐subjects basis. Skill level is measured as the subject's task‐related knowledge. The subjects are senior‐level students in auditing courses at three Midwest universities.FindingsIt is found that subjects assess control risk too high, consistent with the conservatism principle. Skill level mediates this finding: high‐skill subjects make more accurate risk assessments; low‐skill subjects consistently assess control risk too high. Over repetitions of complex tasks, high‐skill subjects make more accurate assessments, while low‐skill subjects initially overstate, then improve. For repetitive simple tasks, both skill levels get worse, increasingly overstating their assessments. These findings support current practice, indicating that experienced auditors make complex risk assessments, where repetitive performance of complex tasks improves risk assessments. However, repetitive simple tasks may result in assessing control risk too high, resulting in excessive testing.Originality/valueConsistent with prior research, the results suggest task complexity and subject skill are important considerations in experimental research designs.
Value relevance of accounting information in China pre‐ and post‐2001 accounting reforms
Authors: Chalmers Keryn , Navissi Farshid , Qu Wen 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether the accounting reform in China has improved the relevance of China's accounting information. It seeks to investigate the association between earnings and book value of equity to share returns before and after the introduction of the Accounting System for Business Enterprises (ASBE) in 2001 for A‐ and A&B‐share firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the return regression model. The pre‐ASBE period is designated as 1997 through to 2000, and the post‐ASBE period is designated as 2002 through to 2004. All firms listed on the Chinese stock market during the investigation period constitute the sample.FindingsIt is found that accounting information better explains share returns for both A‐share firms and A&B‐share firms in the post‐ASBE period. The paper also finds that the book value of equity for A&B‐share firms is incrementally value relevant to that of A‐share firms in the post‐ASBE period.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies will contribute to understanding how governance mechanisms and liquidity influence the association between accounting information and share returns in the Chinese A‐share market.Practical implicationsThe findings provide empirical evidence regarding the relevance of accounting information in emerging markets.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the extant value relevance literature by investigating time periods surrounding the issue of ASBE in 2001 in the Chinese stock market.
A risk‐based approach to strategy execution
Authors: Sheehan Norman T. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis article integrates strategy mapping, risk management and management control into a risk‐based approach to strategy execution. It uses strategy mapping as a tool to visually depict the firm's strategy and then assess its risks. Based on this risk assessment, the firm's management control system is designed to manage those risks which are seen to have the greatest probability to negatively impact firm profitability. The proposed framework can be used on a stand‐alone basis or be used to complement Kaplan and Norton's work on strategy mapping.Design/methodology/approachThis article draws from the confluence of the risk management, management control, and strategy mapping literatures to illustrate how firms can improve their handling of risk.FindingsStrategy mapping is an effective tool to identify risks, while Simons' Levers of Control provides an effective alternative to manage the risks identified.Practical implicationsA firm's future profitability depends on its ability to identify and manage risk. Given that firms only profit when they successfully manage risk, the design and application of its management control system must flow from an assessment of the risks assumed in its strategy. The primary advantage of an integrated risk‐based management control system is that it allows managers, in real time, to steer the firm towards the good things that were outlined in its strategy and away from any bad things.Originality/valueThe article extends Kaplan and Norton's work by proposing strategy mapping as a tool to identify and then to help manage risks.
The effect of productivity and quality on profitability in US airline industry
Authors: Mellat Parast Mahour , Fini Elham (Ellie) H. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of productivity and quality on profitability in the US airline industry.Design/methodology/approachAirlines operations and performance data were used to determine the effect of productivity and quality on profitability. Correlation and multivariate regression analysis have been used for data analysis.FindingsThe results show that labor productivity is the most significant predictor of profitability. On‐time performance has no relationship with profitability. The findings suggest that labor productivity, gas price, average annual maintenance cost and employee salary are significant predictors of profitability. The relationship between labor productivity and employee salary with profitability is positive, while gas price and average annual maintenance cost have a negative relationship with profitability.Research limitations/implicationsThe research could be more detailed by taking into account measures of airline safety. Additional measures for service quality could be considered.Practical implicationsOperational performance (labor productivity) is the main source of profitability in the US airline industry followed by customer satisfaction and service quality.Originality/valueThe study captures the performance of the airline industry based on longitudinal data from 1989 to 2008. Previous studies have used either quarterly or monthly observations. Second, the study examines the significance of productivity and quality on profitability. Previous studies have provided little insight regarding the effect of productivity and quality on profitability.
Dynamic modeling of construction and demolition waste management processes
Authors: Hao Jane L.J. , Tam Vivian W.Y. , Yuan H.P. , Wang J.Y. , Li J.R. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a model based on system dynamics (SD) approach, which integrates three subsystems for simulating construction and demolition (C&D) waste management in Shenzhen, Mainland China.Design/methodology/approachSD approach was first used to construct the model for C&D waste management in Shenzhen. The model was then converted for running on computer through the software package “iThink”, which was specifically designed for SD modeling. The data required for model simulation was derived through various ways, including literature review, examination of official reports and yearbooks, and questionnaires. After all the parameters in the model were determined, simulation was carried out.FindingsThe model proposed in this research can provide an experimental simulation platform to investigate the complexity and interdependencies of factors in managing C&D waste in Shenzhen, Mainland China. The simulation results show that the pressing situation of C&D waste management in Shenzhen would aggravate if no effective measures were taken to address it during the simulation period. Participants' active participation and cost consideration are the two major factors affecting C&D waste reduction. Furthermore, new landfills should be planned to properly handle the C&D waste accumulated in Shenzhen over the past few years.Originality/valueAlthough some studies have been conducted under the topic of C&D waste management during the past few years in Shenzhen – how to effectively and efficiently handle the waste is still unsolved. Factors affecting the effectiveness of C&D waste management have separately been examined in the previous studies, without considering their interrelations. The SD‐based model is developed in this research to investigate the complex and interdependent relationships among these factors. The model can deepen participants' understandings about C&D waste management and help explore the major factors affecting the effectiveness of management activities. The measures, which are proposed based on the simulation results, can serve as a valuable reference for planning C&D waste management in Shenzhen.
Highway work zone safety audits for safety improvements
Authors: Li Zongzhi 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to review current practices of road safety audits worldwide, investigate the perceptions of experts on highway work zone safety in the USA and issues of adopting work zone safety audits in the country, and propose a framework for developing guidelines for implementing work zone safety audits for safety improvements.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was conducted by reviewing the existing literature of road safety audits and administering four‐week questionnaire surveys of experts on highway work zone safety in the USA.FindingsRoad safety audits have been successfully adopted worldwide to maximize safety of the roadway environment for highway users. The questionnaire surveys have clarified leading causes of work zone safety problems and effective countermeasures, types of projects suitable for auditing and audit frequencies, audit team composition and funding sources, audit tasks and tools, and project staff safety training audits. A similar procedure for road safety audits could be adopted for work zone safety audits with emphasis on mitigating work zone safety impacts.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional survey participants from the highway user group may add valuable insights into the use of highway work zone safety audits for safety improvements.Practical implicationsThe paper findings would assist in preparing strategies and methodologies for developing the national highway work zone safety audit guidelines in the USA.Originality/valueThe work zone safety audit guidelines to be developed could help transportation practitioners effectively conduct work zone safety audits for safety improvements in the country.
Measuring the effect of gender on computer attitudes among pre‐service teachers
Authors: Teo Timothy 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of gender on pre‐service teachers' computer attitudes.Design/methodology/approachA total of 157 pre‐service teachers completed a survey questionnaire measuring their responses to four constructs which explain computer attitude. These were administered during the teaching term where participants were attending a technology course. Structural equation modeling, in particular, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling were used for data analysis.FindingsNo statistical significance is found for gender in the four constructs of computer attitude. However, the mean scores for males are higher for three of the constructs. Overall, the data in this study provides evidence to support the notion that computer attitude is a multidimensional construct.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the continuing interests among researchers to study the effect of gender towards the computer. The results of this study did not support others which found significant differences in computer attitudes by gender. This may be due to heavy reliance of computers in many educational institutions for teaching and learning which consequently granted equal access to male and female users. Methodologically, this study had employed MIMIC model as the technique to assess the effect of gender on computer attitude. MIMIC modeling is superior to conventional techniques (e.g. t‐test, ANOVA) because it is capable of analyzing latent and observed indicators.