bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative positron emission tomography core
Authors: Jagust William J. , Bandy Dan , Chen Kewei , Foster Norman L. , Landau Susan M. , Mathis Chester A. , Price Julie C. , Reiman Eric M. , Skovronsky Daniel , Koeppe Robert A. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2010

BackgroundThis is a progress report of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) positron emission tomography (PET) Core.MethodsThe Core has supervised the acquisition, quality control, and analysis of longitudinal [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG‐PET) data in approximately half of the ADNI cohort. In an “add on” study, approximately 100 subjects also underwent scanning with [11C] Pittsburgh compound B PET for amyloid imaging. The Core developed quality control procedures and standardized image acquisition by developing an imaging protocol that has been widely adopted in academic and pharmaceutical industry studies. Data processing provides users with scans that have identical orientation and resolution characteristics despite acquisition on multiple scanner models. The Core labs have used many different approaches to characterize differences between subject groups (Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, controls), to examine longitudinal change over time in glucose metabolism and amyloid deposition, and to assess the use of FDG‐PET as a potential outcome measure in clinical trials.ResultsADNI data indicate that FDG‐PET increases statistical power over traditional cognitive measures, might aid subject selection, and could substantially reduce the sample size in a clinical trial. Pittsburgh compound B PET data showed expected group differences, and identified subjects with significant annual increases in amyloid load across the subject groups. The next activities of the PET core in ADNI will entail developing standardized protocols for amyloid imaging using the [18F]‐labeled amyloid imaging agent AV45, which can be delivered to virtually all ADNI sites.ConclusionsADNI has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of multicenter PET studies and is helping to clarify the role of biomarkers in the study of aging and dementia.
Autopsy consent, brain collection, and standardized neuropathologic assessment of ADNI participants: The essential role of the Neuropathology Core
Authors: Cairns Nigel J. , Taylor‐Reinwald Lisa , Morris John C. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2010

BackgroundOur objectives are to facilitate autopsy consent, brain collection, and perform standardized neuropathologic assessments of all Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants who come to autopsy at the 58 ADNI sites in the USA and Canada.MethodsBuilding on the expertise and resources of the existing Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, a Neuropathology Core (NPC) to serve ADNI was established with one new highly motivated research coordinator. The ADNI‐NPC coordinator provides training materials and protocols to assist clinicians at ADNI sites in obtaining voluntary consent for brain autopsy in ADNI participants. Secondly, the ADNI‐NPC maintains a central laboratory to provide uniform neuropathologic assessments using the operational criteria for the classification of AD and other pathologies defined by the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC). Thirdly, the ADNI‐NPC maintains a state‐of‐the‐art brain bank of ADNI‐derived brain tissue to promote biomarker and multi‐disciplinary clinicopathologic studies.ResultsDuring the initial year of funding of the ADNI Neuropathology Core, there was notable improvement in the autopsy rate to 44.4%. In the most recent year of funding (September 1st, 2008 to August 31st 2009), our autopsy rate improved to 71.5%. Although the overall numbers to date are small, these data demonstrate that the Neuropathology Core has established the administrative organization with the participating sites to harvest brains from ADNI participants who come to autopsy.ConclusionsWithin two years of operation, the Neuropathology Core has: (1) implemented a protocol to solicit permission for brain autopsy in ADNI participants at all 58 sites who die and (2) to send appropriate brain tissue from the decedents to the Neuropathology Core for a standardized, uniform, and state‐of‐the‐art neuropathologic assessment. The benefit to ADNI of the implementation of the NPC is very clear. Prior to the establishment of the NPC in September 2007, there were 6 deaths but no autopsies in ADNI participants. Subsequent to the establishment of the Core there have been 17 deaths of ADNI participants and 10 autopsies. Hence, the autopsy rate has gone from 0% to 59%. The third major accomplishment is the detection of co‐existent pathologies with AD in the autopsied cases. It is possible that these co‐morbidities may contribute to any variance in ADNI data.
Low levels of faecal lactobacilli in women with iron-deficiency anaemia in south India
Authors: Balamurugan Ramadass , Mary R. Regina , Chittaranjan Sucharita , Jancy Hepsiba , Shobana Devi R. , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan S. 
Published: May 2010

Fe deficiency in women contributes significantly to maternal and child morbidity in India. The intestinal bacterial flora may facilitate absorption of Fe from the caecum and proximal colon. The present study investigated the possibility that intestinal microbiota of anaemic young women may differ from that of women with normal Hb levels. The microbiota was quantified by real-time PCR in faeces of eight anaemic (Hb ≤ 100 g/l) and twenty-six normohaemic (Hb ≥ 120 g/l) women aged 18–25 years. Sequences of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) specific to Bifidobacterium genus, Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas group, Clostridium leptum group and Eubacterium rectale were amplified and expressed (as relative difference) relative to the universally conserved bacterial 16S rDNA sequences. Dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fibre and Fe were ascertained by maintenance of a diet diary for a week. Faecal lactobacilli were significantly lower in anaemic women (median 6·6 × 10− 8, relative difference compared with total bacteria) than in the reference group (2·9 × 10− 6; P = 0·001, unpaired t test with logarithmic transformation). There was no difference between the two groups with respect to any of the other bacteria that were examined. Intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fibre, Fe and milk were similar in both the groups. Fe deficiency in young women in south India was associated with low levels of lactobacilli in the faeces. The relationship between lactobacilli and Fe deficiency needs to be explored further.
Contrasting Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous mafic intrusive rocks from western Liaoning, North China craton: petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: ZHANG XIAOHUI , ZHANG HONGFU , JIANG NENG , WILDE SIMON A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock major oxide, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented for the Late Mesozoic mafic intrusive rocks from Yiwulüshan of western Liaoning along the eastern segment of the Yanshan belt, North China craton, with two episodes of magmatism documented. Middle Jurassic hornblende-rich gabbros show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and light REE, and prominent depletion in high field strength elements, and possess moderately enriched isotopic compositions with (87Sr/86Sr)i ranging from 0.7056 to 0.7065 and ɛNd(t) from −5.0 to −7.1. These features suggest that the gabbros were derived from an amphibole-bearing harzburgitic lithospheric mantle source metasomatized recently by slab-derived fluids. By contrast, Early Cretaceous mafic dykes are gabbroic dioritic to dioritic in composition, with comparable trace element characteristics to continental crust and depleted isotopic signatures ((87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7048–0.7055, ɛNd(t) = 0 to −3.0). They probably originated from partial melting of a relatively fertile asthenospheric mantle in the spinel stability field, with subsequent lower crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization. These two contrasting mafic intrusive suites, together with multiple Mesozoic mafic volcanic rocks from western Liaoning, documented a localized lithospheric thinning process, mainly through prolonged hydro-weakening or melt–rock interaction and triggered by gravitational collapse, possibly within an evolved post-collisional to within-plate extensional regime.
Participation of States in the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent and assemblies of other international organizations
Authors: Casalin Deborah , Lamb Christopher 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (‘International Conference’) is one of the few international fora in which governments take part on an equal footing with other entities. The origins of the International Conference, and its capacity to adopt decisions that are binding on both National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and on governments in their dealings with National Societies as their auxiliary partners, give rise to special considerations concerning state participation. This article provides an overview of the models for participation in the assemblies of other international organizations, and how problematic cases have been dealt with in various fora. The authors then examine the participation of states and other political entities in the International Conference, as well as the controversial cases that have put the Conference to the test.
TiO
2/CdS nanocomposite films: fabrication, characterization, electronic and optical properties
Authors: Dang Tran Chien , Pham Duy Long , Le Ha Chi , Pham Van Hoi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In this work, TiO
2 nanocrystalline thin films were obtained through evaporating Ti films by electron beam deposition (EBD) followed by thermal treatment. The results show that after annealing at 300, 400 and 450 °C for 8 h, the obtained TiO
2 thin films have nanoparticle and nanorod structures of 15–30 nm diameter and 100–300 nm length. At 750 °C for 8 h, the rutile phase was formed. The incorporation of cadmium sulfide (CdS) into TiO
2 nanoparticle thin films was investigated. A CdS thin film was vacuum deposited onto the pre-deposited TiO
2 film by a thermal evaporation technique. The obtained TiO
2 and TiO
2/CdS nanocomposite films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The TiO
2/CdS composite film was used in a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell as a working electrode and in a platinum electrode as a counter electrode. The electrolyte solution contains 1 M KCl and 0.1 M Na
2
S. The results show that the cell with the TiO
2/CdS composite film electrode has significantly improved photoelectric capability in comparison with that of pure TiO
2 thin films, and the best thickness of the CdS thin film deposited on the ITO/TiO
2 substrates is 70–140 nm.
Arcadia: a visualization tool for metabolic pathways
Authors: Villéger Alice C. , Pettifer Stephen R. , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Summary: Arcadia translates text-based descriptions of biological networks (SBML files) into standardized diagrams (SBGN PD maps). Users can view the same model from different perspectives and easily alter the layout to emulate traditional textbook representations.
Availability and Implementation: Arcadia is written in C++. The source code is available (along with Mac OS and Windows binaries) under the GPL from http://arcadiapathways.sourceforge.net/
Contact: alice.villeger@manchester.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discover regulatory DNA elements using chromatin signatures and artificial neural network
Authors: Firpi Hiram A. , Ucar Duygu , Tan Kai 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Recent large-scale chromatin states mapping efforts have revealed characteristic chromatin modification signatures for various types of functional DNA elements. Given the important influence of chromatin states on gene regulation and the rapid accumulation of genome-wide chromatin modification data, there is a pressing need for computational methods to analyze these data in order to identify functional DNA elements. However, existing computational tools do not exploit data transformation and feature extraction as a means to achieve a more accurate prediction.
Results: We introduce a new computational framework for identifying functional DNA elements using chromatin signatures. The framework consists of a data transformation and a feature extraction step followed by a classification step using time-delay neural network. We implemented our framework in a software tool CSI-ANN (chromatin signature identification by artificial neural network). When applied to predict transcriptional enhancers in the ENCODE region, CSI-ANN achieved a 65.5% sensitivity and 66.3% positive predictive value, a 5.9% and 11.6% improvement, respectively, over the previously best approach.
Availability and Implementation: CSI-ANN is implemented in Matlab. The source code is freely available at http://www.medicine.uiowa.edu/Labs/tan/CSIANNsoft.zip
Contact: kai-tan@uiowa.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary Materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification of Arabidopsis Mutants Impaired in the Systemic Regulation of Root Nitrate Uptake by the Nitrogen Status of the Plant
Authors: Girin Thomas , El-Kafafi El-Sayed , Widiez Thomas , Erban Alexander , Hubberten Hans-Michael , Kopka Joachim , Hoefgen Rainer , Gojon Alain , Lepetit Marc 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Nitrate uptake by the roots is under systemic feedback repression by high nitrogen (N) status of the whole plant. The NRT2.1 gene, which encodes a NO3 − transporter involved in high-affinity root uptake, is a major target of this N signaling mechanism. Using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing the pNRT2.1::LUC reporter gene (NL line), we performed a genetic screen to isolate mutants altered in the NRT2.1 response to high N provision. Three hni (for high nitrogen insensitive) mutants belonging to three genetic loci and related to single and recessive mutations were selected. Compared to NL plants, these mutants display reduced down-regulation of both NRT2.1 expression and high-affinity NO3 − influx under repressive conditions. Split-root experiments demonstrated that this is associated with an almost complete suppression of systemic repression of pNRT2.1 activity by high N status of the whole plant. Other mechanisms related to N and carbon nutrition regulating NRT2.1 or involved in the control of root SO4 − uptake by the plant sulfur status are not or are slightly affected. The hni mutations did not lead to significant changes in total N and NO3 − contents of the tissues, indicating that hni mutants are more likely regulatory mutants rather than assimilatory mutants. Nevertheless, hni mutations induce changes in amino acid, organic acid, and sugars pools, suggesting a possible role of these metabolites in the control of NO3 − uptake by the plant N status. Altogether, our data indicate that the three hni mutants define a new class of N signaling mutants specifically impaired in the systemic feedback repression of root NO3 − uptake.
Two Medicago truncatula Half-ABC Transporters Are Essential for Arbuscule Development in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Authors: Zhang Quan , Blaylock Laura A. , Harrison Maria J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In the symbiotic association of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungal symbiont resides in the root cortical cells where it delivers mineral nutrients to its plant host through branched hyphae called arbuscules. Here, we report a Medicago truncatula mutant, stunted arbuscule (str), in which arbuscule development is impaired and AM symbiosis fails. In contrast with legume symbiosis mutants reported previously, str shows a wild-type nodulation phenotype. STR was identified by positional cloning and encodes a half-size ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter of a subfamily (ABCG) whose roles in plants are largely unknown. STR is a representative of a novel clade in the ABCG subfamily, and its orthologs are highly conserved throughout the vascular plants but absent from Arabidopsis thaliana. The STR clade is unusual in that it lacks the taxon-specific diversification that is typical of the ABCG gene family. This distinct phylogenetic profile enabled the identification of a second AM symbiosis-induced half-transporter, STR2. Silencing of STR2 by RNA interference results in a stunted arbuscule phenotype identical to that of str. STR and STR2 are coexpressed constitutively in the vascular tissue, and expression is induced in cortical cells containing arbuscules. STR heterodimerizes with STR2, and the resulting transporter is located in the peri-arbuscular membrane where its activity is required for arbuscule development and consequently a functional AM symbiosis.
A mobile future for academic libraries
Authors: Lippincott Joan K. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeSociety may be on the verge of a revolutionary phase of mobile device use in higher education generally and in libraries in particular. This paper seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThrough an examination of trends and technological developments in the area of mobile devices and a review of the potential of mobile devices, the paper analyzes the potential of mobile devices in academic libraries.FindingsMost college students own cell phones and laptops and the capabilities of these and other devices are expanding.Research limitations/implicationsLibraries have the opportunity to extend new types of services to users of mobile devices and to develop, license, or otherwise make available scholarly content that is configured for mobile devices. Ideally, libraries will become part of an institutional planning process for the development of services for mobile devices.Practical implicationsThe more pervasive use by students of smartphones, the uptake of e‐book readers, and the increasing use of mobile devices in some areas of the curriculum all have implications for libraries.Social implicationsSome writers in this area believe that the increased capabilities of mobile devices could lead to new forms of engagement with student learning; this possibility can be embraced by academic libraries that seek to be strong partners in the teaching and learning process of their institution.Originality/valueThe paper synthesizes developments and provides suggestions for the future.
Even an ocean away: developing Skype‐based reference for students studying abroad
Authors: Faye Cohen Sarah , Burkhardt Andy 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the development of a Skype‐based, study abroad reference service.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the criteria used for technology and situates the project in the literature on study abroad reference services.FindingsUsing Skype, a free video‐conferencing software, allows librarians to offer reference services to study abroad students effectively, easily, and without new technologies or significant cost.Originality/valueThe paper offers other librarians strategies for developing and launching similar programs and shares challenges encountered to prepare librarians for success in their own projects.
Text 4 answers: a collaborative service model
Authors: Luo Lili , Bell Lori 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis study seeks to identify the benefits, challenges and effective methods of implementing and managing a collaborative text reference service.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the case study approach to examine the practice of the first nation‐wide collaborative text reference service My Info Quest and evaluate the effectiveness of the organization and operation of this collaboration.FindingsFindings of the study indicate that librarians participating in My Info Quest are generally satisfied with the service organization and operation. However, more work is needed in the area of schedule accountability, communication and sustainability.Originality/valueMy Info Quest is the first collaborative text reference service in the nation. Through the detailed depiction and evaluation of My Info Quest's experience, the paper can help interested libraries to gain a better understanding of how to establish a collaborative text reference service and what challenges they will be facing.
Information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod Touch
Authors: Hahn Jim 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a usability study which inquired into undergraduate student information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod touch.Design/methodology/approachData are drawn from iPod search logs and student survey responses. Search log data are coded with FRBR subject entities (group 3 entity sets) for analysis.FindingsStudents characterize the overall nature of information searched for with the Wikipedia app to be for recreational and for short factual information. Recreational searching as a way in which undergraduate students utilize mobile technology is an earlier finding of Wikipedia iPod usage, and is verified as a trend of undergraduate student search using the iPod. All undergraduate student participants of the Wikipedia app on a mobile interface report this tool as helping to become more efficient in their research. Students viewed Wikipedia articles about people and concepts more so than other article types.Originality/valueUndergraduate student mobile search log analysis over a specific type of information resource on the iPod Touch is an original usability project. Previous mobile search log analysis analyzes thousands of unknown users and millions of anonymous queries, where the devices used for searching are not always identifiable and trends about touch screens cannot be ascertained.
Measuring the impact of cultural diversity on desired mobile reference services
Authors: Hudson Alexia 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:This research aims to present evidence that cultural diversity influences students' desire to utilize library resources and reference services on their mobile devices.Design/methodology/approachA paper survey was administered voluntarily to undergraduate students to analyze how cultural diversity impacts the types of mobile device‐based reference services students desired and how likely they were to access librarians for live research assistance on their mobile devices.FindingsThe paper provides evidence that cultural diversity and gender impacts desired mobile device reference services among undergraduate students. White male and African American female students reported a higher likelihood and desire to access librarians for live assistance on their mobile devices. White females indicated, to a large extent, a desire to access e‐books and e‐magazines on their mobile devices more than any other group. Anecdotally, White females also preferred chat‐based reference inside Facebook.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to one campus college location of a Doctoral/Research University Extensive during the fall 2009 semester. Incorporating mobile devices in reference services has yet to fully evolve as an emerging field of study in librarianship.Practical implicationsLibrary and information science professionals will gain valuable insight into how cultural variances impact students' desired engagement with reference librarians, what types of mobile device‐based reference services undergraduate students prefer, and what factors influence their mobile device selection process.Originality/valueThe paper represents the first study that examines cultural diversity as a determinant in desired mobile device‐based reference services among undergraduates. The research also highlights possible directions for future qualitative and quantitative diversity research studies in library and information studies.