bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral degenerative suspensory desmitis with acute rupture in a Standardbred colt
Authors: Miller K. D. , Juzwiak J. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 3‐month‐old Standardbred colt was examined for acute, bilateral hindlimb swelling and lameness. Serum chemistry demonstrated elevated muscle enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH and CK). Radiographs of the hindlimbs demonstrated intact proximal sesamoid bones that were displaced distally and subluxation of the pastern joints. Ultrasonography of the affected areas revealed large, diffuse hypoechoic areas in the bodies of both hind suspensory ligaments consistent with bilateral rupture. Histology of the lesions was consistent with degenerative suspensory desmitis with acute rupture.
Surgical excision of a dentigerous cyst containing two dental structures
Authors: Easley J. T. , Franklin R. P. , Adams A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDentigerous cysts have been described in most domestic species and man. Horses commonly present with a swelling over the temporal region and a draining tract along the proximal pinna. Dentigerous cysts are benign structures, but pose a cosmetic problem and are commonly removed by surgical excision at an early age. This case report describes a horse with a dentigerous cyst that contained 2 easily identifiable dental structures, radiographically and grossly resembling a permanent tooth and its deciduous precursor.
Multiple‐drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bronchopneumonia in a colt following intensive care treatment
Authors: Jokisalo J. , Bryan J. , Legget B. , Abbott Y. , Katz L. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis report describes a case of a multiple‐drug resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii associated with bronchopneumonia in a horse. A 6‐month‐old Thoroughbred colt was examined for a chronic lower respiratory tract disease. Prior to presentation to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UVTH), the colt had been treated intensively in a private equine hospital for presumed antimicrobial‐induced enterocolitis following treatment with azithromycin and rifampin, and had been discharged on treatment of doxycycline for continued lower airway abnormalities. At the UVTH, investigation of the lower airway disease included a culture of a percutaneous transtracheal wash, which identified a multiple‐drug resistant strain of A. baumannii as the causative agent with sensitivity only to fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim sulphonamides. Following treatment with marbofloxacin there was full resolution of the bronchopneumonia. A. baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen associated with infections in both animals and man and reports of multiple‐drug resistant strains have been documented worldwide. Outbreaks of A. baumannii infections have been reported to occur in very ill human patients housed in healthcare settings such as intensive care units, and are characterised by the rapid development of resistance to the majority of antimicrobials. The difficulties in the treatment of such cases as well as the potential risk of transmission within a veterinary clinical setting are discussed.
Computed tomography of proximal metatarsal and concurrent third tarsal bone fractures in a Thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Braim A. E. Poulin , Bell R. J. W. , Textor J. A. , Lo W. Y. , Puchalski S. M. , Galuppo L. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly presented to the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California at Davis for whole body nuclear scintigraphic evaluation after an acute onset of nonweightbearing right hindlimb lameness post race. The use of computed tomography (CT) enabled visualisation of additional pathology that was not initially appreciable using combined imaging modalities of nuclear scintigraphy and digital radiography, which ultimately altered the selected course of treatment. Computed tomography in horses with fractures of the cuboidal bones of the hock can provide valuable additional information regarding fracture configuration and radiographically occult pathology, which may help to guide clinical decisions about treatment.
Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-Infected Patients in the Spanish Drug Resistance Database Failing Tipranavir and Darunavir Therapy
Authors: Poveda Eva , Anta Lourdes , Blanco José Luis , Casado José Luis , Gutiérrez Félix , García Federico , Gómez-Sirvent Juan Luis , Iribarren José Antonio , Soriano Vincent , de Mendoza Carmen 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
The presence of resistance mutations in patients failing tipranavir or darunavir was examined at the national drug resistance database of the Spanish AIDS Research Network. Although mutations emerging during tipranavir and darunavir failures differed considerably, cross-resistance was found in up to half of the patients tested. Interestingly, mutation 54L, which is associated with tipranavir hypersusceptibility, was selected in half of the darunavir failures. Thus, resistance testing seems mandatory to ensure the benefit of the sequential use of these drugs.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Trypanocidal Effects of the Cyclopalladated Compound 7a, a Drug Candidate for Treatment of Chagas' Disease
Authors: Matsuo Alisson L. , Silva Luis S. , Torrecilhas Ana C. , Pascoalino Bruno S. , Ramos Thiago C. , Rodrigues Elaine G. , Schenkman Sergio , Caires Antonio C. F. , Travassos Luiz R. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Chagas' disease, a neglected tropical infection, affects about 18 million people, and 100 million are at risk. The only drug available, benznidazole, is effective in the acute form and in the early chronic form, but its efficacy and tolerance are inversely related to the age of the patients. Side effects are frequent in elderly patients. The search for new drugs is thus warranted. In the present study we evaluated the
in vitro
and
in vivo
effect of a cyclopalladated compound (7a) against
Trypanosoma cruzi
, the agent of Chagas' disease. The 7a compound inhibits trypomastigote cell invasion, decreases intracellular amastigote proliferation, and is very effective as a trypanocidal drug
in vivo
, even at very low dosages. It was 340-fold more cytotoxic to parasites than to mammalian cells and was more effective than benznidazole in all
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments. The 7a cyclopalladate complex exerts an apoptosis-like death in
T. cruzi
trypomastigote forms and causes mitochondrion disruption seen by electron microscopy.
Comparison of Caspofungin MICs by Means of EUCAST Method EDef 7.1 Using Two Different Concentrations of Glucose
Authors: Rodriguez-Tudela Juan Luis , Gomez-Lopez Alicia , Arendrup Maiken C. , Garcia-Effron Guillermo , Perlin David S. , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
According to the product insert for Cancidas (caspofungin acetate), the drug must not be diluted in solutions containing glucose as this decreases caspofungin stability. The aim of this study was to compare caspofungin MICs for a collection of yeasts by means of EUCAST method EDef7.1 but using two different concentrations of glucose: 2% versus 0.2%. MICs were identical or within one 2-fold dilution for 93 out of 95 strains (97.9%), showing that glucose does not interfere with susceptibility.
Functional Selection of Hepatitis C Virus Envelope E2-Binding Peptide Ligands by Using Ribosome Display
Authors: Chen Fang , Zhao Yinglan , Liu Min , Li Dongqing , Wu Hongyan , Chen Haidan , Zhu Yongzhe , Luo Fengling , Zhong Jin , Zhou Yidan , Qi Zhongtian , Zhang Xiao-Lian 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Small peptides that inhibit the hepatitis C virus (HCV) at the stage of viral entry have the potential to serve as attractive antiviral drugs. Ribosome display is a cell-free system for
in vitro
selection of peptides from large random peptide libraries. Thus, we utilized a ribosome display library technique for affinity selection of HCV envelope protein E2-binding peptide ligands. Through 13 rounds of selection, the ribosome display system generated high-affinity 12-mer peptides, and the selected peptide PE2D (MARHRNWPLVMV) demonstrated the highest specificity and affinity to the HCV E2 protein. Furthermore, amino acids 489 to 508 (YPPRPCGIVPAKSVCGPVYC) of E2 were identified as crucial for binding to PE2D. The selected peptides, especially PE2D, not only dramatically blocked E2 protein binding to hepatocytes but also dramatically inhibited HCV cell culture (HCVcc) entry into hepatocytes. HCVcc and HCV particles from HCV patient serum samples could also be specifically captured using PE2D. Our study demonstrates that the newly selected peptide ligand PE2D holds great promise for developing a new molecular probe, a therapeutic drug specifically for HCV, or an early-diagnostic reagent for HCV surface envelope antigen E2.
Targeted Surveillance of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
and Its Potential Use To Guide Empiric Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Harris Anthony D. , Furuno Jon P. , Roghmann Mary-Claire , Johnson Jennifer K. , Conway Laurie J. , Venezia Richard A. , Standiford Harold C. , Schweizer Marin L. , Hebden Joan N. , Moore Anita C. , Perencevich Eli N. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)-positive clinical culture among hospitalized adults in different risk categories of a targeted MRSA active surveillance screening program and to assess the utility of screening in guiding empiric antibiotic therapy. We completed a prospective cohort study in which all adults admitted to non-intensive-care-unit locations who had no history of MRSA colonization or infection received targeted screening for MRSA colonization upon hospital admission. Anterior nares swab specimens were obtained from all high-risk patients, defined as those who self-reported admission to a health care facility within the previous 12 months or who had an active skin infection on admission. Data were analyzed for the subcohort of patients in whom an infection was suspected, determined by (i) receipt of antibiotics within 48 h of admission and/or (ii) the result of culture of a sample for clinical analysis (clinical culture) obtained within 48 h of admission. Overall, 29,978 patients were screened and 12,080 patients had suspected infections. A total of 46.4% were deemed to be at high risk on the basis of the definition presented above, and 11.1% of these were MRSA screening positive (colonized). Among the screening-positive patients, 23.8% had a sample positive for MRSA by clinical culture. Only 2.4% of patients deemed to be at high risk but found to be screening negative had a sample positive for MRSA by clinical culture, and 1.6% of patients deemed to be at low risk had a sample positive for MRSA by clinical culture. The risk of MRSA infection was far higher in those who were deemed to be at high risk and who were surveillance culture positive. Targeted MRSA active surveillance may be beneficial in guiding empiric anti-MRSA therapy.
Endocannabinoids Inhibit the Growth of Free-Living Amoebae
Authors: Dey Rafik , Pernin Pierre , Bodennec Jacques 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits the growth of some pathogenic amoebaein vitroand exacerbates amoebic encephalitis in animal models. However, the effects of endogenous cannabinoids on amoebae remain unknown. Therefore, we tested several endocannabinoids (N-acyl ethanolamines and 2-O-acyl glycerol) on different genera of amoebae. The results showed that all of the endocannabinoids tested inhibit amoebic growth at subpharmacological doses, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 15 to 20 μM. A nonhydrolyzable endocannabinoid had similar effects, showing that the inhibition seen results from endocannabinoidsper serather than from a catabolic product.
Directed Screen of
Francisella novicida
Virulence Determinants Using
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Åhlund Monika K. , Rydén Patrik , Sjöstedt Anders , Stöven Svenja 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Francisella tularensis
is a highly virulent, facultative intracellular human pathogen whose virulence mechanisms are not well understood. Occasional outbreaks of tularemia and the potential use of
F. tularensis
as a bioterrorist agent warrant better knowledge about the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Thus far, genome-wide
in vivo
screens for virulence factors have been performed in mice, all however restricted by the necessity to apply competition-based, negative-selection assays. We wanted to individually evaluate putative virulence determinants suggested by such assays and performed directed screening of 249
F. novicida
transposon insertion mutants by using survival of infected fruit flies as a measure of bacterial virulence. Some 20% of the genes tested were required for normal virulence in flies; most of these had not previously been investigated in detail
in vitro
or
in vivo
. We further characterized their involvement in bacterial proliferation and pathogenicity in flies and in mouse macrophages. Hierarchical cluster analysis of mutant phenotypes indicated a functional linkage between clustered genes. One cluster grouped all but four genes of the
Francisella
pathogenicity island and other loci required for intracellular survival. We also identified genes involved in adaptation to oxidative stress and genes which might induce host energy wasting. Several genes related to type IV pilus formation demonstrated hypervirulent mutant phenotypes. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the bacteria in part use similar virulence mechanisms in mammals as in
Drosophila melanogaster
but that a considerable proportion of the virulence factors active in mammals are dispensable for pathogenicity in the insect model.
Role of the Membrane Localization Domain of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Effector Protein ExoU in Cytotoxicity
Authors: Veesenmeyer Jeff L. , Howell Heather , Halavaty Andrei S. , Ahrens Sebastian , Anderson Wayne F. , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

ExoU is a potent effector protein that causes rapid host cell death upon injection by the type III secretion system of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. The N-terminal half of ExoU contains a patatin-like phospholipase A
2
(PLA
2
) domain that requires the host cell cofactor superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) for activation, while the C-terminal 137 amino acids constitute a membrane localization domain (MLD). Previous studies had utilized insertion and deletion mutations to show that portions of the MLD are required for membrane localization and catalytic activity. Here we further characterize this domain by identifying six residues that are essential for ExoU activity. Substitutions at each of these positions resulted in abrogation of membrane targeting, decreased ExoU-mediated cytotoxicity, and reductions in PLA
2
activity. Likewise, each of the six MLD residues was necessary for full virulence in cell culture and murine models of acute pneumonia. Purified recombinant ExoU proteins with substitutions at five of the six residues were not activated by SOD1, suggesting that these five residues are critical for activation by this cofactor. Interestingly, these same five ExoU proteins were partially activated by HeLa cell extracts, suggesting that a host cell cofactor other than SOD1 is capable of modulating the activity of ExoU. These findings add to our understanding of the role of the MLD in ExoU-mediated virulence.
Electrophilicity of a 9-aryl-9-fluorenyl cation in water — Kinetic evidence for antiaromaticity
Authors: Ward Sarah , Messier Tammy , Lukeman Matthew 
Published: May 2010

The 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-fluorenyl cation (2) has been generated in 100% water by laser flash photolysis of 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-fluorenol (3), representing the first observation of a 9-fluorenyl cation in this solvent with lifetimes in the microsecond timescale. The relatively long lifetime permitted quenching studies with a number of anionic nucleophiles, and bimolecular rate constants for each were determined. For both bromide and iodide, rate data suggest that an equilibrium between the cation and trapped product is rapidly established, followed by slower, irreversible trapping of the cation by water. The bimolecular rate constants obtained show that the generated 9-fluorenyl cation is significantly more reactive towards nucleophilic attack, by two orders of magnitude, than related triarylmethyl cations that lack the 4n π-system, lending support to the characterization of fluorenyl cations as antiaromatic.
Determination of diltiazem based on the reduction of Cu(II)–BCA complexes in micellar medium
Authors: Sabino Larissa Zuppardo Lacerda , Marino Daniele Cestari , Moya Horacio Dorigan 
Published: May 2010

A simple method was developed for determining microquantities of diltiazem, based on the reduction of copper(II) in buffered solution (pH 7.0) and the use of a micellar medium containing 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-biquinoline acid. The copper(I) produced reacts with 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-biquinoline acid and the complexes formed are spectrophotometrically measured at 558 nm. A typical calibration graph shows good linearity (r = 0.993) from 20 to 100 μg mL–1of diltiazem. The limit of detection and relative standard deviation were calculated as 12 μg mL–1(99% confidence level) and 3.5% (40 μg mL–1; n = 6), respectively, with a mean recovery value of 96.5% found in pharmaceutical dosages. A straightforward and effective way to recycle the reagents is addressed. The hazardous aspects of the Cu(I)–BCA reaction are presented as well.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALOGUE OF THE SIMPSON'S FORMULA OF INTEGRAL
Authors: FUJII KAZUYUKI 
Published: May 2010

The Simpson's formula is obtained by approximating the integral of a function on some interval by the integral of the quadratic polynomial determined by the function. However, a multidimensional analogue of the formula has not been given as far as we know. In this paper such a formula is given. Our formula is simple and beautiful, so it may be convenient in Mathematics or Mathematical Physics.
A Poincaré Formula for the Fixed Point Indices of the Iterates of Arbitrary Planar Homeomorphisms
Authors: Ruiz del Portal FranciscoR , Salazar JoséM 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be an open subset and "Equation missing" be an arbitrary local homeomorphism with "Equation missing". We compute the fixed point indices of the iterates of "Equation missing" at "Equation missing", and we identify these indices in dynamical terms. Therefore, we obtain a sort of Poincaré index formula without differentiability assumptions. Our techniques apply equally to both orientation preserving and orientation reversing homeomorphisms. We present some new results, especially in the orientation reversing case.
Linking Contractive Self-Mappings and Cyclic Meir-Keeler Contractions with Kannan Self-Mappings
Authors: De la Sen M 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSome mutual relations between p-cyclic contractive self-mappings, p-cyclic Kannan self-mappings, and Meir-Keeler p-cyclic contractions are stated. On the other hand, related results about the existence of the best proximity points and existence and uniqueness of fixed points are also formulated.
Tremelimumab in Combination with Exemestane in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Treatment-Associated Modulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression on Patient T Cells
Authors: Vonderheide Robert H. , LoRusso Patricia M. , Khalil Magi , Gartner Elaina M. , Khaira Divis , Soulieres Denis , Dorazio Prudence , Trosko Jennifer A. , Rüter Jens , Mariani Gabriella L. , Usari Tiziana , Domchek Susan M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) with single-agent activity in certain tumors but has not been evaluated in patients with breast cancer.
Experimental Design: In a phase 1 study, 26 patients with advanced, hormone-responsive breast cancer received tremelimumab (3-10 mg/kg) every 28 days or every 90 days plus exemestane 25 mg daily. The objectives were to determine safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tremelimumab with exemestane and, secondarily, to assess tumor response, pharmacokinetics, and immune pharmacodynamics.
Results: Most treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate with the most common being diarrhea (46% of patients), pruritus (42%), constipation (23%), and fatigue (23%). Dose-limiting toxicities were transient serum transaminase elevations (one patient) and diarrhea (four patients). The MTD of tremelimumab with exemestane was 6 mg/kg every 90 days. Among 13 patients treated at the MTD, none developed grade 3 or 4 treatment-related diarrhea. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between tremelimumab and exemestane. The best overall response was stable disease for ≥12 weeks in 11 patients (42%). Treatment was associated in most patients with increased peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing inducible costimulator (ICOS) and a marked increase in the ratio of ICOS+ T cells to FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.
Conclusions: Tremelimumab plus exemestane is tolerable in patients with hormone-responsive advanced breast cancer. Treatment is associated with increased ICOS+ T cells, which likely signals immune activation secondary to CTL-associated antigen 4 blockade. Clin Cancer Res; 16(13); 3485–94. ©2010 AACR.
Hemodynamic Improvement in Cardiac Resynchronization Does Not Require Improvement in Left Ventricular Rotation Mechanics
Authors: Ashikaga Hiroshi , Leclercq Christophe , Wang Jiangxia , Kass David A. , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
Earlier studies have yielded conflicting evidence on whether or not cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) rotation mechanics.

Methods and Results—
In dogs with left bundle branch block and pacing-induced heart failure (n=7), we studied the effects of CRT on LV rotation mechanics in vivo by 3-dimensional tagged magnetic resonance imaging with a temporal resolution of 14 ms. CRT significantly improved hemodynamic parameters but did not significantly change the LV rotation or rotation rate. LV torsion, defined as LV rotation of each slice with respect to that of the most basal slice, was not significantly changed by CRT. CRT did not significantly change the LV torsion rate. There was no significant circumferential regional heterogeneity (anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal) in LV rotation mechanics in either left bundle branch block with pacing-induced heart failure or CRT, but there was significant apex-to-base regional heterogeneity.

Conclusions—
CRT acutely improves hemodynamic parameters without improving LV rotation mechanics. There is no significant circumferential regional heterogeneity of LV rotation mechanics in the mechanically dyssynchronous heart. These results suggest that LV rotation mechanics is an index of global LV function, which requires coordination of all regions of the left ventricle, and improvement in LV rotation mechanics appears to be a specific but insensitive index of acute hemodynamic response to CRT.