bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Persistent Anal Incontinence After Restorative Proctectomy in Rectal Cancer Patients with Anal Incontinence: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Taek‐Gu , Kang Sung‐Bum , Heo Seung Chul , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Kyu Joo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the notion that preoperative anal incontinence might be a potent predictive factor for anal incontinence (AI) after restorative proctectomy in rectal cancer patients. The principal objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for persistent anal incontinence following restorative proctectomy.MethodsThis study was designed as a single‐center, prospective cohort study of a single group of 93 patients who had AI before restorative proctectomy for rectal cancer. The study group was re‐evaluated for the presence of AI 12 months after restorative proctectomy or ileostomy takedown. Incontinence severity was determined using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the clinicopathologic factors associated with persistent AI.ResultsFifteen patients were excluded from analysis due to death within the 12 months after surgery (n = 7), no ileostomy repair (n = 5), loss to follow‐up (n = 2), or previous treatment for anal incontinence (n = 1). At 12 months, 53 of 78 patients (67.9%) had persistent AI and 25 patients (32.1 %) had recovered. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative FISI scores higher than 30 (OR = 11.61, 95% CI 1.43‐94.01, p = 0.022) and lower tumor location 5 cm or less from the anal verge (OR = 84.46, 95% CI 3.91‐1822.85, p = 0.005) were independent factors for persistent AI.ConclusionsAnal incontinence may persist after restorative proctectomy in rectal cancer patients with high preoperative incontinence scores and lower tumor location. Therefore, this information should be provided when restorative proctectomy is offered for rectal cancer patients.
Life‐threatening hemorrhage from the papilla following stent removal (with video)
Authors: Tsuji Shujiro , Itoi Takao , Sofuni Atsushi , Itokawa Fumihide 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 73‐year‐old man was admitted with acute cholangitis due to stent occlusion. He had had type B chronic hepatitis for 14 years but no liver cirrhosis or coagulopathy. The stent was placed 2 months previously for the treatment of obstructive jaundice due to a very large hepatoma. Emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed. Immediately after removing the stent, using snare forceps through the working channel of the endoscope, spurting and continuous bleeding was seen from the papilla. Biliary deep cannulation was successfully performed using a conventional catheter and guidewire. The tip of the catheter was advanced into the left intrahepatic bile duct for pressure hemostasis. Ten minutes later, the bleeding completely stopped and a 10‐Fr stent was inserted into the bile duct.
Successful infertility treatment following fertility‐sparing surgery and chemotherapy for ovarian immature teratoma: a case report and a literature review
Authors: Matsushita Hiroshi , Tani Hirohiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroductionMalignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are highly chemosensitive tumors most commonly found in adolescent girls and young women. However, patients with advanced disease can now be successfully cured with fertility‐sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, resulting in childbearing.CaseA 24‐year‐old nulliparous Japanese woman was diagnosed as having a stage IIIc immature teratoma. After fertility‐sparing surgery, she received four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, etoposide, and pepleomycin. She married at the age of 34, but did not conceive due to sexual dysfunction of her husband. At the age of 38, intrauterine insemination was performed following ovulation induction with clomid and human menopausal gonadotrophin, which resulted in a singleton pregnancy. A healthy female infant was delivered at 38 weeks’ gestation.ConclusionTreatment might sometimes be needed for infertile women with a history of MOGCTs, but further studies are needed to determine whether infertility treatment, including ovulation induction, is appropriate.
Stem cell research for male infertility
Authors: Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStem cells have the ability both to differentiate into numerous tissues and to self‐renew. Because of these unique properties, stem cells are promising candidates for use in regenerative medicine. Among stem cell types, embryonic stem (ES) cells have been the most studied; however, alternatives such as induced pluripotent stem cells or other adult stem cells are now being established. In this review, we focus on stem cell research that may have applications in treating male infertility. Stem cells with ES‐like properties have been generated from adult human testis tissue. We expect that breakthroughs in stem cell research will increase our understanding of male infertility and lead to treatments in the near future.
Der Kaiserschnitt eine gesundheitswissenschaftliche Sicht
Authors: Kolip Petra 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
Die Kaiserschnittraten sind in Deutschland in den vergangenen Jahren konstant gestiegen und liegen mittlerweile bei über 30%. Die Gründe hierfür sind vielfältig. So spielen neben medizinischen und ökonomischen Faktoren auch psychologische Aspekte eine Rolle. Aus gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Perspektive stellt sich die Frage, wie eine Medikalisierung der Geburt verhindert werden kann. Neue Versorgungsmodelle wie der Hebammenkreißsaal bieten hier vielversprechende Ansätze.
Isotopy of lead from the Sora porphyry Cu-Mo magmatic center (Kuznetsk Alatau)
Authors: Berzina A.P. , Berzina A.N. , Gimon V.O. , Krymskii R.Sh. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We studied the isotopic composition of lead in feldspars from the intrusive rocks of enclosing, ore-bearing porphyry, and post-ore complexes and in sulfides from the Sora magmatic center including the Sora porphyry Cu-Mo deposit. The arrangement of the isotopic composition points below the orogen evolution curve on the uranogenic lead diagram evidences a predominance of lead of mantle genesis in the igneous rocks and a minor content of crustal lead. On the 207Pb/204Pb–206Pb/204Pb diagram, the lead of magmatites form a linear sequence (trend), which is interpreted as mixing of lead from different sources. According to the geochemical parameters, weakly depleted mantle metasomatized by subduction fluids was a source of magmatism. The linear correlation between the ratios of Pb isotopes in the igneous rocks of the Sora magmatic center is explained by the mixing of lead of the mantle and subduction fluids. Mantle lead is predominant in the basites of the enclosing, porphyry, and post-ore complexes and in the leucogranites of the enclosing complex. According to lead isotopy data, the differentiated magmatites (enclosing monzonitoids, ore-bearing porphyry, and post-ore syenite-porphyry) contain a subduction component, whose content increases in passing from early to late complex. The Pb-isotopic composition of sulfides suggests the mantle source of Pb in molybdenite of the breccia ores and the heterogeneous source (mantle and subduction fluids) of Pb in chalcopyrite of the veinlet ores.
Experimental study of the leak-tightness of water-containing silicate-melt inclusions under the pressure of D2O at 650 °C and 3 kbar
Authors: Smirnov S.Z. , Tomas V.G. , Sokolova E.N. , Kupriyanov I.N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the leak-tightness of water-containing melt inclusions heated in the autoclave at high temperature and under the pressure of D2O. Quartz-hosted silicate-melt inclusions from the rhyolite tuffs of the Taupo volcanic zone (New Zealand) and a tourmaline-pegmatite vein from the SW Pamirs were heated at 650 °C and 3 kbar. The penetration of heavy water into the inclusions was controlled by IR spectroscopy. The studies have demonstrated that the inclusions can remain leak-tight under these conditions and not exchange water with the environment even if the confining pressure is 1.5–3 times above their internal pressure. The influence of water diffusion through the quartz lattice and dislocations on the leak-tightness can be neglected in the thermometry of water-containing melt inclusions. The crucial factors determining the water exchange between the inclusions and the environment in the experiments performed are mechanical defects (open and healed cracks). Using D2O as a pressurizing medium makes it possible to control the leak-tightness of the heated inclusions. To do this, it is recommended that melt inclusions be homogenized under the pressure of D2O above the expected entrapment pressure and studied by IR spectroscopy after the heating.
Reconstruction of solution chemistry evolution based on the sedimentary record of salt lakes in the Olkhon region
Authors: Gaskova O.L. , Solotchina E.P. , Sklyarova O.A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using data on the chemical composition of lake waters in the Olkhon region, we calculated the under- and oversaturation of modern chloride solutions of Lake Tsagan-Tyrm. These data are a basis for the determination of the composition of suspension and bottom sediments. The thermodynamically calculated solubility of carbonates (inverse problem) discovered in the evaporite lacustrine sediments gave an insight into the main regularities of the chemical evolution of ancient brines and the formation conditions of various magnesian calcites. The calculations confirmed that an increase in solution mineralization leads to the deposition of high-Mg calcites, which is also observed in the bottom sediments of other lakes under climate aridization and temperature decrease.
Seismic quality factor of the lithosphere of the southwestern flank of the Baikal rift system
Authors: Dobrynina A.A. , Chechel’nitskii V.V. , San’kov V.A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The seismic quality factor (Qc), the frequency parameter (n), and the attenuation coefficient (δ) of seismic waves in the lithosphere of the southwestern flank of the Baikal rift system are obtained from records of S coda waves from regional earthquakes. There is a strong dependence of the quality factor on the frequency and coda window length: for central frequencies of 0.3 and 12.0 Hz and a coda window length W = 20 s, Qc varies from 47 ± 51 to 1036 ± 190, and for the same frequencies and W = 60 s, it varies from 83 ± 46 to 1596 ± 573. The values of the quality factor and the attenuation coefficient are calculated for the whole southwestern flank of the Baikal rift system and for individual tectonic blocks: the stable Siberian Platform, Khamar-Daban and East Sayan uplifts, and South Baikal and Tunka basins. A comparison of the obtained values of Qc with data on the age, tectonics, and seismic activity level of the structures shows that the quality factor depends on the recent tectonic activity of the structures, and to a lesser extent, on the age of the crust.
Amplitude-dependent effects in a transmitted wave in cemented sandstone under pressure
Authors: Mashinskii E.I. , Egorov G.V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experiments on the effect of variable amplitude and pressure on the P-wave velocity and attenuation in cemented sandstone sample. The measurements were performed in transmitted waves at a predominant pulse frequency of 6.8 kHz in the range of strain amplitudes Aε ≈ (0.2−2.4) × 10−6 at an axial static pressure of 0.25 MPa to 1.0 MPa. The wave velocity depends weakly on the amplitude and decreases only slightly with its increase. With increasing pressure the velocity Ve nonlinearly increases (to 6%) at all amplitudes. The attenuation Qe−1 increases linearly (to 2.5%) with increasing amplitude and decreases nonlinearly with increasing pressure. There is an anomalous change in the attenuation in the pressure range (0.5–0.75) MPa, where it decreases to 30% at all amplitudes. These results may be useful for improving acoustic and seismic methods of diagnostics.
Collapse kinetics and chevron plots from simulations of denaturant-dependent folding of globular proteins
Authors: Liu Zhenxing , Reddy Govardhan , O’Brien Edward P. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: April 2011

Quantitative description of how proteins fold under experimental conditions remains a challenging problem. Experiments often use urea and guanidinium chloride to study folding whereas the natural variable in simulations is temperature. To bridge the gap, we use the molecular transfer model that combines measured denaturant-dependent transfer free energies for the peptide group and amino acid residues, and a coarse-grained
C

α

-side chain model for polypeptide chains to simulate the folding of src SH
3
domain. Stability of the native state decreases linearly as [
C
] (the concentration of guanidinium chloride) increases with the slope,
m
, that is in excellent agreement with experiments. Remarkably, the calculated folding rate at [
C
] = 0 is only 16-fold larger than the measured value. Most importantly ln
k
obs
(
k
obs
is the sum of folding and unfolding rates) as a function of [
C
] has the characteristic
V
(chevron) shape. In every folding trajectory, the times for reaching the native state, interactions stabilizing all the substructures, and global collapse coincide. The value of

(
m

f

is the slope of the folding arm of the chevron plot) is identical to the fraction of buried solvent accessible surface area in the structures of the transition state ensemble. In the dominant transition state, which does not vary significantly at low [
C
], the core of the protein and certain loops are structured. Besides solving the long-standing problem of computing the chevron plot, our work lays the foundation for incorporating denaturant effects in a physically transparent manner either in all-atom or coarse-grained simulations.
Dynamic Epidemic Model for Influenza with Clinical Complications
Authors: Wang Sen-Te , Chen Li-Sheng , Lee Long-Teng , Chen Hsiu-Hsi 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To incorporate clinical complications in the susceptible-infectious-recovered model to estimate parameters needed in dynamic changes of infectious diseases and to further evaluate the impact of disease-controlling methods.Methods.We developed a new extended epidemic model that incorporates of disease-related complications. This model was applied to empirical data on influenza during the epidemic season of 2001–2002 in Taipei County, Taiwan, to estimate the transmission parameters that were converted to the basic reproductive rate (R0). The proposed model, in conjunction with estimated parameters, was applied in quantifying the efficacy of different preventive strategies.Results.During the study period there were 5 outbreaks of influenza. The estimated transmission probability for outbreak 1 was 0.135, with corresponding estimate of R0, 2.7; for outbreak 2, 0.165, with estimated R0, 3.3; for outbreak 3, 0.15, with R0, 4.5; for outbreak 4, 0.165, with R0, 5; and for outbreak 5, 0.165, with R0 5. The efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis to reduce the total episodes was 18% (95% CI, 15%–21%) under the coverage rate of 30%, 31% (95% CI, 26%–36%) under the coverage rate of 50%, and 73% (95% CI, 59%–90%) under the coverage rate of 80%. The corresponding figures for the efficacy of vaccination were 17% (95% CI, 15%–20%), 41% (95% CI, 35%–48%), and 76% (95% CI, 61%–95%). Combination of both methods would yield efficacy of 32% (95% CI, 28%–38%), 59% (95% CI, 49%–71%), and 88% (95% CI, 66%–118%), respectively.Conclusions.We demonstrate how to apply a novel extended model to empirical surveillance data of an influenza study for estimating parameters pertaining to dynamic changes in the infection process. These parameters were further used to evaluate the impact of antiviral prophylaxis alone, vaccination alone, or the use of both methods.
Patient-Care Practices Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shimokura Gayle , Chai Feng , Weber David J. , Samsa Gregory P. , Xia Guo-liang , Nainan Omana V. , Tobler Leslie H. , Busch Michael P. , Alter Miriam J. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To identify patient-care practices related to an increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among chronic hemodialysis patients.Design.Survey.Setting.Chronic hemodialysis facilities in the United States.Participants.Equal-probability 2-stage cluster sampling was used to select 87 facilities from all Medicare-approved providers treating 30–150 patients; 53 facilities and 2,933 of 3,680 eligible patients agreed to participate.Methods.Patients were tested for HCV antibody and HCV RNA. Data on patient-care practices were collected using direct observation.Results.The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%–11.6%); only 2 of 294 HCV-positive patients were detected solely by HCV RNA testing. After adjusting for non-dialysis-related HCV risk factors, patient-care practices independently associated with a higher prevalence of HCV infection included reusing priming receptacles without disinfection (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [95% CI, 1.4–3.9]), handling blood specimens adjacent to medications and clean supplies (OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.3–3.6]), and using mobile carts to deliver injectable medications (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0–2.8]). Independently related facility covariates were at least 10% patient HCV infection prevalence (OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.8–5.2]), patient-to-staff ratio of at least 7: 1 (OR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.4–4.1]), and treatment duration of at least 2 years (OR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.3–4.4]).Conclusions.This study provides the first epidemiologic evidence of associations between specific patient-care practices and higher HCV infection prevalence among hemodialysis patients. Staff should review practices to ensure that hemodialysis-specific infection control practices are being implemented, especially handling clean and contaminated items in separate areas, reusing items only if disinfected, and prohibiting mobile medication and clean supply carts within treatment areas.
Deriving Measures of Intensive Care Unit Antimicrobial Use from Computerized Pharmacy Data: Methods, Validation, and Overcoming Barriers
Authors: Schwartz David N. , Evans R. Scott , Camins Bernard C. , Khan Yosef M. , Lloyd James F. , Shehab Nadine , Stevenson Kurt ,   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: April 2011

Objective.To outline methods for deriving and validating intensive care unit (ICU) antimicrobial utilization (AU) measures from computerized data and to describe programming problems that emerged.Design.Retrospective evaluation of computerized pharmacy and administrative data.Setting.ICUs from 4 academic medical centers over 36 months.Interventions.Investigators separately developed and validated programming code to report AU measures in selected ICUs. Use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for systemic administration was categorized and expressed as antimicrobial-days (each day that each antimicrobial drug was given to each patient) and patient-days receiving antimicrobials (each day that any antimicrobial drug was given to each patient). Monthly rates were compiled and analyzed centrally, with ICU patient-days as the denominator. Results were validated against data collected from manual review of medical records. Frequent discussion among investigators aided identification and correction of programming problems.Results.AU data were successfully programmed though a reiterative process of computer code revision. After identifying and resolving major programming errors, comparison of computerized patient-level data with data collected by manual review of medical records revealed discrepancies in antimicrobial-days and patient-days receiving antimicrobials that ranged from less than 1% to 17.7%. The hospital from which numerator data were derived from electronic records of medication administration had the least discrepant results.Conclusions.Computerized AU measures can be derived feasibly, but threats to validity must be sought out and corrected. The magnitude of discrepancies between computerized AU data and a gold standard based on manual review of medical records varies, with electronic records of medication administration providing maximal accuracy.
Predictors of Rectal Carriage of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among Patients with Known CRE Carriage at Their Next Hospital Encounter
Authors: Schechner Vered , Kotlovsky Tali , Tarabeia Jalal , Kazma Meital , Schwartz David , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: April 2011

Background.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are important extremely drug-resistant pathogens that have emerged during the past decade. Early identification and isolation of carriers are key components of an effective infection control strategy in healthcare facilities. Very little is known about the natural history of CRE carriage. We aimed to determine the predictors of a positive CRE rectal screen test among patients with known CRE carriage screened at their next hospital encounter.Methods.A case-control study was conducted. Sixty-six patients who tested positive for CRE carriage were surveyed for CRE rectal carriage at the next hospital encounter; screen-positive patients were compared with screen-negative control patients. Data were extracted from the patients' medical records and from the hospital computerized database.Results.Twenty-three case patients and 43 control patients were identified. Predictors for a positive CRE rectal carriage test were (1) prior fluoroquinolone use (odds ratio [OR], 4.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–16.6), (2) admission from an institution or another hospital (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.33–12.37), and (3) time interval less than or equal to 3 months since the first positive CRE test (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.24–10.37). Among patients with no predictor variables, the likelihood of having a positive screen test at the next hospital encounter was 1/7. If they had at least 1 predictor, the likelihood increased to 1/2.Conclusions.Prior fluoroquinolone use, transfer from another healthcare facility, and admission less than or equal to 3 months since the first CRE isolation are predictors of persistent CRE rectal carriage. These predictors can be used in designing CRE prevention strategies.