bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job stress, achievement motivation and occupational burnout among male nurses
Authors: Hsu Hsiu‐Yueh , Chen Sheng‐Hwang , Yu Hsing‐Yi , Lou Jiunn‐Horng 
Published: May 2010

hsu h.‐y., chen s.‐h., yu h.‐y. & lou j.‐h. (2010) Job stress, achievement motivation and occupational burnout among male nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1592–1601.AbstractTitle.  Job stress, achievement motivation and occupational burnout among male nurses. Aim.  This paper is a report of an exploration of job stress, achievement motivation and occupational burnout in male nurses and to identify predictors of occupational burnout.Background.  Since the Nightingale era, the nursing profession has been recognized as ‘women’s work’. The data indicate that there are more female nurses than male nurses in Taiwan. However, the turnover rate for male nurses is twice that of female nurses. Understanding the factors that affect occupational burnout of male nurses may help researchers find ways to reduce the likelihood that they will quit.Method.  A survey was conducted in Taiwan in 2008 using a cross‐sectional design. A total of 121 male nurses participated in the study. Mailed questionnaires were used to collect data, which were analysed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression.Results.  The job stress of male nurses was strongly correlated with occupational burnout (r = 0·64, P < 0·001). Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that job stress was the only factor to have a statistically significant direct influence on occupational burnout, accounting for 45·8% of the variance in this. Job stress was comprised of three dimensions, of which role conflict accounted for 40·8% of the variance in occupational burnout.Conclusion.  The contribution of job stress to occupational burnout of male nurses was confirmed. As occupational burnout may influence the quality of care by these nurses, nurse managers should strive to decrease male nurses’ job stress as this should lead to a reduction of negative outcomes of occupational burnout.
Breaking bad news in inpatient clinical settings: role of the nurse
Authors: Warnock Clare , Tod Angela , Foster Julie , Soreny Cathy 
Published: May 2010

warnock c., tod a., foster j. & soreny c. (2010) Breaking bad news in inpatient clinical settings: role of the nurse. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1543–1555.AbstractTitle.  Breaking bad news in inpatient clinical settings: role of the nurse. Aim.  This paper is a report of an exploration of the role of the nurse in the process of breaking bad news in the inpatient clinical setting and the provision of education and support for nurses carrying out this role.Background.  The term ‘breaking bad news’ is mostly associated with the moment when negative medical information is shared with a patient or relative. However, it can also be seen as a process of interactions that take place before, during and after bad news is broken. Little research has been conducted exploring the role of the nurse in the process of breaking bad news in the inpatient clinical setting.Methods.  A questionnaire was developed using Likert scales and open text questions. Data collection took place in 2007. Fifty‐nine inpatient areas took part in the study; 335 questionnaires were distributed in total and 236 were completed (response rate 70%).Results.  Nurses engaged in diverse breaking bad news activities at many points in care pathways. Relationships with patients and relatives and uncontrolled and unplanned events shaped the context in which they provided this care. Little formal education or support for this work had been received.Conclusion.  Guidance for breaking bad news should encompass the whole process of doing this and acknowledge the challenges nurses face in the inpatient clinical area. Developments in education and support are required that reflect the challenges that nurses encounter in the inpatient care setting.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Mok Esther , Lau Ka‐po , Lam Wai‐man , Chan Lai‐ngor , Ng Jeffrey S.C. , Chan Kin‐sang 
Published: May 2010

mok e., lau k‐p., lam w‐m., chan l‐n., ng j.s.c. & chan k‐s. (2010) Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1510–1522.AbstractTitle.  Healthcare professionals' perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. Aim.  This paper is a report of an exploration of the phenomenon of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals.Background.  Existential distress is an important concern in patients with advanced cancer; it affects their well‐being and needs to be addressed in the provision of holistic care.Method.  Focus groups were conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 with physicians, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and chaplains working in a palliative care unit that served patients with advanced cancer in Hong Kong. Data collection and analysis were guided by the grounded theory approach. All categories were saturated when five focus groups had been held with a total number of 23 participants.Findings.  We found three causal conditions of existential distress: anticipation of a negative future, failure to engage in meaningful activities and relationships, and having regrets. Three basic (caring, relating and knowing) and six specific (positive feedback, religious support, new experiences, task setting, exploring alternatives and relationship reconciliation) intervening strategies were identified. Whether the intervening strategies would be effective would depend on patients’ openness and readiness; healthcare professionals’ self‐awareness, hopefulness, and interest in knowing the patients; and a trusting relationship between patients and healthcare professionals. A sense of peace in patients was considered a consequence of successful interventions.Conclusion.  This paper acknowledges the lack of an accepted conceptual framework of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. It is based on healthcare professionals’ views, and further studies from the perspectives of patients and their families are needed.
Placement, relocation and end of life issues in aging adults with and without Down's syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Patti P. , Amble K. , Flory M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground  Aging adults with Down's syndrome (DS) experience more relocations and other life events than adults with intellectual disabilities aged 50 and older without DS. Age‐related functional decline and the higher incidence of dementia were implicated as the contributing factors that led to relocation and nursing home placement.Method  A retrospective study of adults with intellectual disabilities who were born prior to the year 1946 was conducted to analyse the number of relocations experienced over a 5‐ and 10‐year period. The cohort consisted of 140 individuals (61 with DS between ages 50–71 years, and 79 without DS between ages 57–89 years) who had been referred to a diagnostic and research clinic.Results  Analyses revealed the number of relocations over a 5‐ and 10‐year period were significantly greater in the DS group. Placement in a nursing home for end of life care was significantly higher in the DS group whereas the majority (90%) in the non‐DS group remained in a group home setting. Mortality was significantly earlier in the DS group with the mean age at death to be 61.4 years compared with 73.2 years in the non‐DS group.Conclusions  The present results suggest that aging adults with DS encounter more relocations, and are more likely to have their final placement for end of life care in a nursing home. In contrast, the adults without DS were subjected to less relocation and remained in the same group home setting.
Loss of response to melatonin treatment is associated with slow melatonin metabolism
Authors: Braam W. , Van Geijlswijk I. , Keijzer Henry , Smits Marcel G. , Didden Robert , Curfs Leopold M. G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground  In some of our patients with intellectual disability (ID) and sleep problems, the initial good response to melatonin disappeared within a few weeks after starting treatment, while the good response returned only after considerable dose reduction. The cause for this loss of response to melatonin is yet unknown. We hypothesise that this loss of response is associated with slow melatonin metabolism.Method  In this study, we determined melatonin clearance in two female (aged 61 and 6 years) and one male (aged 3 years) patients who had chronic insomnia, late melatonin onset and mild ID, and whose sleep quality worsened a few weeks after initial good response to melatonin treatment, suggesting melatonin tolerance. After a 3‐week washout period, patients received melatonin 1.0, 0.5 or 0.1 mg, respectively. Salivary melatonin level was measured just before melatonin administration, and 2 and 4 h thereafter. After this melatonin clearance test, melatonin treatment was resumed with a considerably lower dose.Results  In all patients melatonin concentrations remained >50 pg/mL at 2 and 4 h after melatonin administration. After resuming melatonin treatment sleep problems disappeared. The same procedure was followed in three patients who did not show loss of response to melatonin after 6 months of treatment. In all patients in the control group melatonin concentrations decreased between 2 and 4 h after melatonin administration with a mean of 83%.Conclusion  We hypothesise that loss of response to melatonin treatment can be caused by slow metabolisation of exogenous melatonin. As melatonin is metabolised in the liver almost exclusively by cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2, this slow melatonin metabolism is probably due to decreased activity/inducibility of CYP1A2. In patients with loss of response to melatonin, a melatonin clearance test should be considered and a considerably dose reduction is advised.
A parent training model for toilet training children with autism
Authors: Kroeger K. , Sorensen R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground  Azrin & Foxx pioneered an intensive toilet training protocol for individuals with intellectual disability living in a residential setting. Since the development of the Rapid Toilet Training (RTT) protocol, many have replicated the efficacy, most notably in educational and outpatient treatment settings, but often training over longer periods of time. This study presents data from a parent training model that replicates Azrin and Foxx's results and training time.Method  This multiple baseline across subjects design study employs an ABA design where two boys diagnosed with autism were toilet trained using a modified Azrin & Foxx intensive teaching protocol. The first subject, a 4‐year‐old boy, did not have a history of attempted toilet training. The second subject, a 6‐year‐old boy, demonstrated a history of failed toilet training attempts in both the home and school settings. The trainings were conducted in the home setting where a novel parent‐training approach was implemented.Results  Participant 1 was continent at the end of the second day of training, and completely toilet trained (including initiation and communication) by day 10 of the intervention. Participant 2 was continent after day 1 and completely toilet trained by day 5 of the intervention.Conclusions  Long‐term follow‐up demonstrates maintenance of skills 3 years post training. Social validity via parent satisfaction was assessed. Limitations to the current study and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Stereology of isolated objects with the invariator
Authors: CRUZ‐ORIVE L.M. , RAMOS‐HERRERA M.L. , ARTACHO‐PÉRULA E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe invariator is a new stereological design to generate motion invariant test lines in three dimensions on an isotropic plane through a fixed point. The theory has been published recently. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of the invariator on a group of rat brains to estimate brain volume and external surface area. Each brain was first split into its two hemispheres and then embedded into a ball filled with agar following a configuration named the antithetic isector, with the idea of reducing the error variance. After rolling the ball at random it was scanned by magnetic resonance imaging into a stack of parallel systematic sections: this is the isotropic Cavalieri design which, combined with the antithetic isector idea, proves to be very accurate. The invariator used only an equatorial section of the ball, and in the present case the coefficient of error of the volume and surface area estimators of an individual brain was about 30%. As it is design unbiased, the invariator may prove its strength mainly to estimate population means.
Oestradiol‐17β Stimulates the Release of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone from Bovine Anterior Pituitary Cell cultures
Authors: Braun U. , Schams D. , Leidl W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of oestradiol‐17β on LH and FSH release from bovine anterior pituitary cell cultures was examined. A 24 hour preincubation period of anterior pituitary cell cultures with 10−7 M oestradiol‐17β increased the sensitivity of the LH and FSH‐producing cells to GnRH significantly more LH and FSH being released.The cell cultures were preincubated for 24 hours with oestradiol‐17β doses increasing from 10−11 to 10−7 M and thereafter incubated for 6 hours with and without 10−8 M GnRH respectively. An influence of oestradiol‐17β on the basal LH and FSH secretion could be seen only with the dose of 10−7 oestradiol‐17β. The GnRH‐stimulated LH secretion was, however, increased dose‐dependently by oestradiol‐17β doses ranging from 10−9 to 10−7 M. FSH‐secretion was increased by 10−11 to 10−9 M oestradiol‐17β.Preincubation of the anterior pituitary cell cultures for 12, 24 and 36 hours, respectively, revealed that the GnRH‐stimulated LH secretion was increased by longer preincubation periods with oestradiol‐17β. The present investigations using cell cultures support the findings in vivo and it is concluded that oestradiol‐17β increases the sensitivity of the bovine anterior pituitary gland to GnRH.ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von Oestradiol‐17β auf die LH‐ und FSH‐Freisetzung in Hypophysenvorderlappenzellkulturen des RindesEs wurde der Einfluß von Oestradiol‐17β auf die LH‐ und FSH‐Freisetzung boviner Hypophysenvorderlappenzellkulturen untersucht. Eine 24stündige Vorinkubation der Hypophysenvorderlappenzellkulturen mit 10−7 M Oestradiol‐17β erhöhte die Sensibilität der LH‐ und FSH‐produzierenden Zellen gegenüber GnRH, d. h. es wurde signifikant mehr LH und FSH freigesetzt.Die Zellkulturen wurden während 24 Stunden mit 10−11 bis 10−7 M ansteigenden Dosen Oestradiol‐17β vorinkubiert und anschließend weitere 6 Stunden mit oder ohne 10−8 M GnRH stimuliert. Die basale LH‐ und FSH‐Sekretion wurde nur durch die Dosis 10−7 M Oestradiol‐17β beeinflußt. Die GnRH‐stimulierte LH‐Sekretion wurde jedoch mit von 10−9 bis 10−7 M ansteigenden Dosen Oestradiol‐17β dosisabhängig erhöht. Die GnRH‐stimulierte FSH‐Sekretion wurde durch von 10−11 bis 10−9 M ansteigende Oestradioldosen erhöht.Eine Vorinkubation der Zellkulturen mit Oestradiol‐17β während 12, 24 oder 36 Stunden zeigte, daß die GnRH‐stimulierte LH‐Sekretion um so größer war, je länger die Vorinkubation dauerte.Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen unterstützen die in vivo gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und lassen den Schluß zu, daß Oestradiol‐17β die Empfindlichkeit boviner Hypophysen‐vorderlappenzellen auf GnRH steigert.
Dissimilar Ruminal Epithelial Response to Short‐Term and Continuous Intraruminal Infusion of Sodium n‐Butyrate
Authors: Gálfi P. , Neogrády S. , Kutas F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo ewes were given 2 g/kg body weight/day of sodium n‐butyrate through a rumen fistula in two different ways for 9 days.Continuous infusion of butyrate caused a decrease in ruminal epithelial cell proliferation. Histologically, a thickening of the stratum corneum was observed.Daily short‐term infusions produced stimulation of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation. Histological examination revealed parakeratotic changes in the stratum corneum.ZusammenfassungUnterschiedliche Reaktionen des Pansenepithels nach kurzfristiger und kontinuierlicher intraruminaler Infusion von Natrium‐n‐ButyratZwei Schafe erhielten während 9 Tagen über eine Pansenfistel je 2 g Natrium‐n‐Butyrat/kg KGW/Tag auf unterschiedliche Art verabreicht. Die kontinuierliche Infusion von Butyrat führte zu einer Reduktion der Zellproliferation im Pansenepithel. Histologisch konnte eine Verdickung des Stratum corneum beobachtet werden. Tägliche kurzfristige Infusionen stimulierten die Zellproliferation im Pansenepithel. Die histologische Untersuchung ergab parakeratotische Veränderungen im Stratum corneum.RésuméRéactions différentes de l'épithélium de la panse après une infusion brève et continue dans le Rumen de sodium‐n‐butyrateDeux moutons ont reçu pendant 9 jours 2 g de sodium‐n‐butyrate/kg de poids par une fistule de la panse. L'infusion continue de butyrate a provoqué une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire dans l'épithélium de la panse. Un épaississement de Stratum corneum a été observé à l'histologie. Des infusions brèves journalières stimulèrent la prolifération cellulaire dans l'épithélium de la panse. L'examen histologique a montré des lésions de parakératose dans Stratum corneum.ResumenRespuestas disímiles del epitelio ruminal a la infusión intrarruminal a corto plazo y a la continua de butirato‐n sódicoCada una de dos ovejas recibieron durante 9 días, a través de una fístula, 2g de butirato‐n sódico/kg peso en vivo/día administrados de forma diferente. La infusión continua de butirato conducía a la reducción de la proliferación celular en el epitelio de la panza. Histológicamente se pudo observar el espesamiento del estrato córneo. Las infusiones diarias a corto plazo producían estimulación de la proliferación celular en el epitelio ruminal. El examen histológico reveló cambios paraqueratóticos en el estrato córneo.
Modifizierte Operationstechnik für die isoliert perfundierte Hühnerleber
Authors: Mechler Ursula , Hilbig V. 
Published: May 2010

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Operationsmethode am Huhn vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, Perfusioner an der isolierten Hühnerleber vorzunehmen. Sie basiert auf der von Bickerstaffe und Mitarbeitern 1970 und von Barratt und Mitarbeitern 1974 publizierten Operationstechnik. Eigene Erfahrungen führten dazu, den von den genannten Autoren beschriebener Operationsablauf in einigen Passagen zu verändern, um dadurch den Operationsablauf zu vereinfachen, zeitlich zu verkürzen und somit einen rascheren Anschluß der Leber an die Perfusionsapparatur zu erreichen.SummaryModified operative technique for perfusion of the isolated chicken liverA method of operating on the chicken is described which makes it possible to perfuse the isolated liver. It is based on the techniques described by Bickerstaffe et al. 1970 and Barratt et al. (1974). The authors' experiences have resulted in modifications of the technique in some respects which result in simplifying the operative procedure, carrying it out more rapidly, and obtaining more rapid attachment to the perfusion apparatus.RésuméTechnique opératoire modifiée pour le foie de volaille isolé en perfusionUne méthode opératoire sur la poule est présentée qui rend possible des perfusions sur le foie de volaille isolé. Cette méthode est basée sur la technique opératoire publiée par Bickerstaffe et al. 1970 et Barratt et al. 1974. Des expériences ont conduit à certaines modifications des opérations décrites à une simplification du déroulement de l'opération avec une durée abrégé et à un raccord plus rapide du foie aux appareils de perfusion.ResumenTécnica operatoria modificada para el hígado aislado, perfundido de gallinaSe presenta una técnica operatoria, la cual permite llevar a cabo perfusiones en el higado aislado de gallina. La misma se basa en la técnica operatoria publicada por Bickerstaffe y colbs. en 1970 y por Barratt y colbs. en 1974. Las experiencias propias condujeron a modificar el curso de la operación descrito por los autores mencionados en algunos pasajes, simplificando así el transcurso de la operación, acortando el tiempo y alcanzando, por lo tanto, una comunicación más rápida del hígado al conjunto de aparatos de perfusión.
Conformation of Interstitial Collagen of Bovine Rumen and Skin*
Authors: Arias J. L. , González E. , Jimenez J. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySamples of ruminal and skin mucosa of 2.5 to 3.0 years old bovines were examined for protein extractability, aldehyde content, ultraviolet absorption spectra, optical rotation and electrophoretic behaviour using consecutive extractions with water, saline and acid solutions. The proteins of ruminal mucosa were more easily extracted by solvents of less ionic strength and have the highest proportion of aldehydes. The less negative rotatory dispersion, like the results of extractability of the ruminal samples, indicates a less helical content in rumen collagen than in that of the skin. By comparison of results obtained with foetal ruminal samples using a similar approach, it was established that the helical content of adult rumen collagen is fully attained in the full‐term foetus.ZusammenfassungKonformation des interstitiellen Kollagens im Pansen und in der Haut des RindesProben von Pansenmucosa und Haut wurden zur Bestimmung der Proteinextrahierbarkeit, des Aldehydgehalts, der Ultraviolettabsorptionsspektren, der Lichtdrehung sowie des elektrophoretischen Verhaltens zunächst mit Wasser, dann mit NaCl‐Lösung und sauren Lösungen extrahiert. Die Proteine der Pansenmucosa ließen sich am leichtesten mit Lösungen geringer Ionenstärke extrahieren. Sie wiesen einen sehr hohen Aldehydgehalt auf. Die geringere negative Lichtdrehung sowie das Extraktionsverhalten der Pansenmucosaproben weisen im Vergleich zu den Hautproben auf eine weniger ausgeprägte helikale Struktur des Pansen‐Kollagens hin. Vergleichsuntersuchungen ergaben, daß die helikale Struktur des Pansen‐Kollagens des reifen Foetus bereits derjenigen des Pansen‐Kollagens adulter Rinder entspricht.ResumenConformación del colágeno intersticial de rumen y piel bovinasSe obtuvieron muestras de mucosa ruminal y de piel de bovinos entre 2,5 a 3,0 años de edad. En consecutivos extractos acuosos, salinos y ácidos de estas muestras se determinó: extractabilidad de proteínas, contenido de aldehídos, espectros de absorción ultravioleta, dispersión rotatoria óptica y comportamiento electroforético. Se observó que las proteínas de la mucosa ruminal fueron más fácilmente extraídas por solventes de menor fuerza iónica, y tenían una mayor proporción de aldehídos. La dispersión rotatoria óptica menos negativa junto a los resultados de extractabilidad de las muestras de rumen indican un menor contenido helicoidal en el colágeno ruminal comparado con el de piel. Por comparación con los resultados obtenidos de muestras de mucosa ruminal fetal bajo similares condiciones se pudo determinar que el contenido helicoidal del colágeno ruminal adulto se establece ya en los fetos a término.