bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation therapy (RT)-free pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (P+C) for PD-L1 TPS ≥50% locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC): Primary analysis from multicenter single arm phase II study (Evolution trial; WJOG11819L).
Authors: Hata Akito , Ninomaru Taira , Okada Hideaki , Kogure Yoshihito , Oki Masahide , Katakami Nobuyuki , Kijima Takashi , Yokoyama Toshihide , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Sato Yuki , Kato Terufumi , Sugawara Shunichi , Sawada Takeshi , Yoshimura Kenichi , Seto Takashi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Okamoto Isamu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2024

LBA8050 Background: Standard of care for unresectable LA-NSCLC is chemoradiation therapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab (D). Survival curves of P monotherapy/P+C for PD-L1 TPS ≥50% stage IV NSCLC suggested possible comparable survival to CRT for stage III patients (pts). Moreover, some studies of neoadjuvant C+immunotherapy (I) for stage III pts have demonstrated high pathological complete response and major pathological response rates, implying potentially outstanding efficacy of C+I for earlier stage. We thus hypothesized P+C without RT in PD-L1 ≥50% LA-NSCLC pts provides a comparable efficacy to CRT followed by D while avoiding CRT-induced severe toxicities. Methods: This is a phase II study conducted by West Japan Oncology Group. P with platinum plus pemetrexed (PEM) (non-squamous) or P with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel (squamous) was administered every 3 weeks without RT. After four cycles of induction P+C, P with PEM (non-squamous) or P alone (squamous) was continued until progression or 2 years. The primary endpoint was 2 year-PFS rate (threshold/expected: 20%/45%). Results: Between May 2020 and February 2022, 21 pts were enrolled. Median age was 73 (range, 53-89). Stage IIIA/B/C included 11 (52%)/7 (33%)/3 (14%), respectively. Histologic subtypes were 14 (67%) adenocarcinoma, 5 (24%) squamous cell carcinoma, and 2 (10%) others. Median follow-up period was 29.9 (range, 0.3-44.2) months. Median number of P administrations was 30 (range, 1-35). The primary endpoint was met with 2-year PFS rate of 67% (90% CI: 46-83%). At the time of data cut-off, 13 (62%) of 21 pts were still progression-free. Median PFS and OS were not reached. Two-year OS rate was 85%. Centrally reviewed tumor response: 8 (38%) CR; 9 (43%) PR; 3 (14%) SD; and 1 (5%) NE were confirmed, resulting in overall response rate (ORR) of 81% and disease control rate of 95%. ORRs/2-year PFS rates of PD-L1 TPS 50-79% and 80-100% were 67%/56% and 92%/75%, respectively. Non-hematological AEs ≥grade 3 were observed in 11 (52%) pts, including: 2 (10%) pneumonitis; 2 (10%) pneumonia; 1 (5%) diarrhea; 1 (5%) ALT elevation; and 1 (5%) acute heart failure. There was one (5%) grade 5 AE (pneumonia). Conclusions: RT-free P+C provided long-lasting responses in approximately two-thirds of pts. Higher PD-L1 TPS cases achieved higher RR, including some CRs and higher 2-year PFS rate. To confirm our hypothesis that RT-free P+C can be a less toxic curative option in selected LA-NSCLC pts with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, further data is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT04153734 .
Random Occurrence or Real Association? Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Young Man With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lopez Fanas Raul , Fouad Rateb , Swedish Kristin A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 32-year-old man with sickle cell disease (SCD) was admitted to the hospital for sickle cell crisis, during which laboratory workup revealed primary hyperparathyroidism. His treatment regimen included hydration, calcitonin, and calcimimetics. A parathyroid nuclear scan revealed anomalous parathyroid tissue. The precise relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and SCD remains incompletely understood but may involve factors such as vitamin D deficiency, elevated erythropoietin levels, and the influence of growth factors on the development of parathyroid adenomas. Furthermore, the concurrent occurrence of both PHPT and SCD at an earlier age may potentiate adverse long-term outcomes. Effective management of PHPT in SCD entails addressing hypercalcemia and treating the underlying cause of hyperparathyroidism. While a potential association between PHPT and SCD exists, further research is essential to better elucidate their interaction, prevalence, clinical presentations, and outcomes.
The Loss of Estradiol by Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer Patients Shows the Importance of Estrogens in Males
Authors: Coelingh Bennink Herjan J T , Prowse Amanda , Egberts Jan F M , Debruyne Frans M J , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Tombal Bertrand 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The role of estradiol (E2; an estrogen) in men needs to be more appreciated. In this review, we address the clinical situations that allow the study of the clinical consequences of E2 deficiency in men and discuss the effects of restoration of levels of this reproductive steroid hormone. In men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), E2 is suppressed along with testosterone, leading to side effects affecting the quality of life. These include hot flashes, arthralgia, fatigue, mood changes, cognition problems, weight gain, bone loss, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Transdermal E2 alone for ADT has shown equivalent testosterone suppression compared to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists while also preventing estrogen-deficiency side effects, including hot flashes and bone loss. Co-treatment of ADT with fetal estrogen estetrol (E4) has shown significant improvements of estrogen-deficiency symptoms. These observations emphasize the need to raise awareness of the importance of estrogens in men among clinicians and the lay public.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Low-renin Hypertension in a Primary Care Population
Authors: Shah Sonali S , Libianto Renata , Gwini Stella May , Rusell Grant , Young Morag J , Fuller Peter J , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Low-renin hypertension is an underrecognized subtype of hypertension with specific treatment options. This study aims to identify the prevalence in primary care and to compare patient characteristics to those with normal-renin hypertension and primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods
In a cohort study, patients with treatment-naïve hypertension were screened for PA with plasma aldosterone and direct renin concentrations. Patients with an elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio [≥70 pmol/mU (≥2.5 ng/dL:mU/L)] underwent confirmatory testing. All screened patients were then classified as having (1) normal-renin hypertension, (2) low-renin hypertension (direct renin concentration &lt;10mU/L (plasma renin activity ∼&lt;1 ng/mL/hour) and not meeting the criteria for PA), or (3) confirmed PA.

Results
Of the 261 patients, 69 (26.4%) had low-renin hypertension, 136 (51.9%) had normal renin hypertension, and 47 (18.0%) had PA. Patients with low-renin hypertension were older and more likely to be female compared to normal-renin hypertension (57.1 ± 12.8 years vs 51.8 ± 14.0 years, P &lt; .05 and 68.1% vs 49.3%, P &lt; .05, respectively) but similar to PA (53.5 ± 11.5 years and 55.3%). However, in an adjusted binomial logistic regression, there was no association between increasing age or sex and low-renin hypertension. The median aldosterone concentration was lower compared to patients with normal-renin hypertension and PA: 279 pmol/L (216-355) vs 320 pmol/L (231-472), P &lt; .05 and 419 pmol/L (360-530), P &lt; .001.

Conclusion
At least a quarter of treatment-naïve hypertensive patients in primary care had a low direct renin concentration but did not meet the criteria for PA. Patient characteristics were similar, aside from a lower aldosterone concentration compared to patients with normal-renin hypertension and PA. Further research is needed to understand the underlying pathophysiology of low-renin hypertension and the optimal first-line treatment.
Emergency Medical Planning for an Ultramarathon Open Water Swim: A Case Review of “Swim Tuff”
Authors: Martin David G. , Eason Christianne M. , Huggins Robert A. , Tuff Ben , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ultramarathon open water swimming (OWS) events are one of the toughest endurance challenges in the world. The sport has gained notoriety with athletes swimming across the English Channel, Diana Nyad swimming from Cuba to Florida, and the 5- and 10-km OWS in the Olympic schedule. The athletes who participate are exposed to dangerous conditions that expose risks inherent to the sport. The optimal time to prepare for an emergency is before it happens. The aim of this paper is to present an emergency action plan (EAP) designed for the “Swim Tuff” event, a record-breaking ultramarathon swim that took place in Rhode Island, United States. This article identifies an overview of Swim Tuff, the challenges experienced, and how the team designed and implemented risk mitigation strategies. The professionals looking over athletes completing an OWS should be educated and aware of the unique circumstances inherent to the sport.
Platelet-Poor versus Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Muscle Injuries
Authors: Raum George , Kenyon Charles , Bowers Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMuscle injury in sport results in significant lost time and potential for reinjury for athletes. Autologous blood product, namely, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), has been investigated for possible augmentation of the treatment timeline with prevention of reinjury; however, conflicting results have been identified. A growing body of basic science and clinical literature is forming that supports the use of platelet-poor plasma (PPP) for muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to provide a background of the basic science of PRP versus PPP for muscle injury and to identify and review the clinical evidence for both autologous blood products, including the author’s clinical experience utilizing the blood products. At the tissue level, PRP causes myoblast proliferation while PPP has led to myoblast induction, potentially identifying improved native muscle healing. Conflicting studies have been identified for the use of PRP for muscle injury. A growing body of positive results for PPP was identified, but high-quality comparative studies are needed.
Vibratory insertion of press-fit acetabular components requires less force than a single blow technique
Authors: Niki Yasaman , Huber Gerd , Behzadi Kambiz , Morlock Michael M. 
Published: June 2024

AimsPeriprosthetic fracture and implant loosening are two of the major reasons for revision surgery of cementless implants. Optimal implant fixation with minimal bone damage is challenging in this procedure. This pilot study investigates whether vibratory implant insertion is gentler compared to consecutive single blows for acetabular component implantation in a surrogate polyurethane (PU) model.MethodsAcetabular components (cups) were implanted into 1 mm nominal under-sized cavities in PU foams (15 and 30 per cubic foot (PCF)) using a vibratory implant insertion device and an automated impaction device for single blows. The impaction force, remaining polar gap, and lever-out moment were measured and compared between the impaction methods.ResultsImpaction force was reduced by 89% and 53% for vibratory insertion in 15 and 30 PCF foams, respectively. Both methods positioned the component with polar gaps under 2 mm in 15 PCF foam. However, in 30 PCF foam, the vibratory insertion resulted in a clinically undesirable polar gap of over 2 mm. A higher lever-out moment was achieved with the consecutive single blow insertion by 42% in 15 PCF and 2.7 times higher in 30 PCF foam.ConclusionVibratory implant insertion may lower periprosthetic fracture risk by reducing impaction forces, particularly in low-quality bone. Achieving implant seating using vibratory insertion requires adjustment of the nominal press-fit, especially in denser bone. Further preclinical testing on real bone tissue is necessary to assess whether its viscoelasticity in combination with an adjusted press-fit can compensate for the reduced primary stability after vibratory insertion observed in this study.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(6):272–278.
Coin-cidence? Have cashless payments reduced the incidence of upper aerodigestive foreign body insertion? A study of UK Hospital Episode Statistics
Authors: Jangan A , Watts E , Pankhania M 
Published: June 2024

Objectives Insertions of nasal and oral foreign bodies (FB) are common presentations in the emergency department, with coins frequently implicated among paediatric populations. Contactless payments were first introduced in the UK in 2007, and cash payments significantly declined from 2012. This study aims to explore the potential implications of increasing contactless payments on FB ingestion. Methods UK Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were reviewed between 2000 and 2022. All FB retrieval procedures involving the alimentary tract, respiratory tract and nasal cavity were included. Regression analysis was performed to assess trends in the incidence of FB ingestion before and following the transition to cashless payments in 2012. Results Following the decline in cash payments in 2012, the frequency of alimentary tract FB removal procedures decreased significantly by 27.78 procedures per year (p < 0.001). Similarly, respiratory FB removal procedure decreased by 4.83 per year (p = 0.009) and nasal cavity FB removal procedures decreased by 52.82 per year (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggests a statistically significant decline in the number of procedures for removal of FB performed in the UK from 2012. Although this relationship is multifactorial, our data suggest an association between the introduction of contactless payments and a reduction in the number of FB retrieval procedures from the of upper aerodigestive tract.
Chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis based on Simplex pulse coding
Authors: Dong Genming , Wang Yahui , Wang Bingjie , Liu Hui , Chen Jing , Niu Lintao , Zhang Mingjiang 
Published: June 2024

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a crucial metric for the evaluation
of a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) based sensing system. We
propose and experimentally demonstrate chaotic Brillouin optical
correlation domain analysis (BOCDA) using the Simplex coding technique
for frequency-domain data processing to enhance the SNR. The pulse
depletion in the chaotic coded-BOCDA is theoretically and
experimentally analyzed, where the impact of cascaded SBS can be
eliminated and then the anti-distortion capability is significantly
improved. Compared to the single-pulse scheme, the
signal-to-background noise ratio of the Brillouin gain spectrum is
improved by 2.35 dB, and the data acquisition processing
efficiency is improved by four times with the 15-bit Simplex pulse
coding technique.
Planar and ridged waveguide preparation on erbium pre-implanted fused silica by multi-energy helium ion implantation and femtosecond laser ablation
Authors: Zhao Jin-Hua , Fan Li , Li Bo-Yang , Zang Wen-Zhuo , Liu Ai-Jia , Mao Jin-Hua , Yue Yu , Li Shuang , Yao Yi-Cun , Yue Qing-Yang 
Published: June 2024

Ion implantation stands as a highly competitive technique for
fabricating optical waveguide structures within photoelectric
materials. In this work, both planar and ridge waveguides have been
successfully realized on fused silica. The fabrication process begins
with the implantation of erbium ions into fused silica, utilizing an
energy of 400 keV and a fluence of 5×1015ions/cm2 to produce a fluorescence effect.
Following this, helium ions are implanted at varying energies −450, 500, and 550 keV-with a
consistent fluence of 3.2×1016ions/cm2 to create a planar waveguide
structure. Subsequently, the ridge waveguide is meticulously prepared
through the application of laser ablation, leveraging the pre-existing
planar waveguide as a foundation. The guide mode of the planar
waveguide is characterized at a wavelength of 632.8 nm using
the prism coupling method. Additionally, the near-field light
intensity distribution at the same wavelength is assessed via the
end-face coupling technique and further analyzed using the
finite-difference beam propagation method. To substantiate the
practical utility of these waveguides, measurements of the propagation
loss and fluorescence properties are conducted.
Associations between regional blood-brain barrier permeability, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Denkinger Marisa , Baker Suzanne , Inglis Ben , Kobayashi Sarah , Juarez Alexis , Mason Suzanne , Jagust William 
Published: June 2024

Background
Increased blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBp) has been hypothesized as a feature of aging that may lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We sought to identify the brain regions most vulnerable to greater BBBp during aging and examine their regional relationship with neuroimaging biomarkers of AD.

Methods
We studied 31 cognitively normal older adults (OA) and 10 young adults (YA) from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study (BACS). Both OA and YA received dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to quantify Ktrans values, as a measure of BBBp, in 37 brain regions across the cortex. The OA also received Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET to create distribution volume ratios (DVR) images and flortaucipir (FTP)- PET to create partial volume corrected standardized uptake volume ratios (SUVR) images. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the brain regions where OA showed greater BBBp than YA. In OA, Ktrans values were compared based on sex, Aβ positivity status, and APOE4 carrier status within a composite region across the areas susceptible to aging. We used linear models and sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) to examine the relationship between Ktrans and AD biomarkers.

Results
OA showed greater BBBp than YA predominately in the temporal lobe, with some involvement of parietal, occipital and frontal lobes. Within an averaged ROI of affected regions, there was no difference in Ktrans values based on sex or Aβ positivity, but OA who were APOE4 carriers had significantly higher Ktrans values. There was no direct relationship between averaged Ktrans and global Aβ pathology, but there was a trend for an Ab status by tau interaction on Ktrans in this region. SCCA showed increased Ktrans was associated with increased PiB DVR, mainly in temporal and parietal brain regions. There was not a significant relationship between Ktrans and FTP SUVR.

Discussion
Our findings indicate that the BBB shows regional vulnerability during normal aging that overlaps considerably with the pattern of AD pathology. Greater BBBp in brain regions affected in aging is related to APOE genotype and may also be related to the pathological accumulation of Aβ.
Plasma taurine level is linked to symptom burden and clinical outcomes in post-COVID condition
Authors: Khoramjoo Mobin , Wang Kaiming , Srinivasan Karthik , Gheblawi Mahmoud , Mandal Rupasri , Rousseau Simon , Wishart David , Prasad Vinay , Richer Lawrence , Cheung Angela M. , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: June 2024

Background
A subset of individuals (10–20%) experience post-COVID condition (PCC) subsequent to initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, which lacks effective treatment. PCC carries a substantial global burden associated with negative economic and health impacts. This study aims to evaluate the association between plasma taurine levels with self-reported symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with PCC.

Methods and findings
We analyzed the plasma proteome and metabolome of 117 individuals during their acute COVID-19 hospitalization and at the convalescence phase six-month post infection. Findings were compared with 28 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma taurine levels were negatively associated with PCC symptoms and correlated with markers of inflammation, tryptophan metabolism, and gut dysbiosis. Stratifying patients based on the trajectories of plasma taurine levels during six-month follow-up revealed a significant association with adverse clinical events. Increase in taurine levels during the transition to convalescence were associated with a reduction in adverse events independent of comorbidities and acute COVID-19 severity. In a multivariate analysis, increased plasma taurine level between acute and convalescence phase was associated with marked protection from adverse clinical events with a hazard ratio of 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05–0.35; p<0.001).

Conclusions
Taurine emerges as a promising predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in PCC. Taurine supplementation has already demonstrated clinical benefits in various diseases and warrants exploration in large-scale clinical trials for alleviating PCC.
Supported employment interventions with people who have severe mental illness: Systematic mixed-methods umbrella review
Authors: Patmisari Emi , Huang Yunong , Orr Mark , Govindasamy Sumathi , Hielscher Emily , McLaren Helen 
Published: June 2024

Background/AimsPrimary and review studies show that supported employment interventions showed promise in assisting people with severe mental illness (SMI) in achieving successful employment and health-related outcomes. This umbrella review synthesises evidence from across review studies on supported employment interventions for individuals with SMI, to identify key findings and implementation challenges in relation to five key outcomes: (1) employment, (2) quality of life, (3) social functioning, (4) clinical/service utilisation, and (5) economic outcomes.MethodsA systematic search of eleven databases and registers (CINAHL, Cochrane, EmCare, JBI EBP, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and Prospero and Campbell) was conducted to identify meta-analyses and systematic reviews on supported employment interventions for individuals with SMI, peer reviewed and published in English. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed using standardised Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. A mixed-methods synthesis approach was employed to integrate both quantitative and qualitative evidence.ResultsThe synthesis of 26 review studies primarily focused on the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model among various supported employment interventions. Overall, combining supported employment with targeted interventions such as neurocognitive therapy and job-related social skill training showed a positive effect on employment (including job retention) and non-employment outcomes (e.g., health, quality of life, social functioning) relative to standard forms of supported employment for people with SMI. Contextual factors (intervention fidelity, settings, systemic barriers) were important considerations for intervention implementation and effectiveness.DiscussionSignificant overlap of primary studies across 26 review studies exposed considerable variations in interpretation and conclusions drawn by authors, raising questions about their reliability. High volume of overlap reporting from the USA on IPS interventions in review studies is likely to have biased perceptions of effectiveness. There is no one-size-fits-all solution for supporting individuals with SMI in obtaining and maintaining employment. Tailoring strategies based on individual needs and circumstances appears crucial to address the complexity of mental health recovery. We propose creating centralised registries or databases to monitor primary studies included in reviews, thus avoiding redundancy.OtherThis umbrella study was registered with PROSPERO (No.CRD42023431191).
Weitergeben statt vernichten
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Kevin , Meissner Markus , Pladerer Christian 
Published: June 2024

Im Jahr 2019 wurden in Österreich rund 246 Millionen Pakete über Dienstleister verschickt. Jedes einzelne der Produkte ist verpackt und kann meist kostenlos zurückgesandt werden. Dadurch ergeben sich immense logistische und abfalltechnische Herausforderungen, hinzu kommen die Anforderungen des Umwelt- und Klimaschutzes sowie der Kreislaufwirtschaft. Wie können wir diesen Herausforderungen begegnen?