bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China
Authors: Ge Junyi , Xing Song , Grün Rainer , Deng Chenglong , Jiang Yuanjin , Jiang Tingyun , Yang Shixia , Zhao Keliang , Gao Xing , Yang Huili , Guo Zhengtang , Petraglia Michael D. , Shao Qingfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia is a topic of significant research interest. However, well-preserved human fossils in secure, dateable contexts in this region are extremely rare, and often the subject of intense debate owing to stratigraphic and geochronological problems. Tongtianyan cave, in Liujiang District of Liuzhou City, southern China is one of the most important fossils finds of H. sapiens, though its age has been debated, with chronometric dates ranging from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene. Here we provide new age estimates and revised provenience information for the Liujiang human fossils, which represent one of the most complete fossil skeletons of H. sapiens in China. U-series dating on the human fossils and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating on the fossil-bearing sediments provided ages ranging from ~33,000 to 23,000 years ago (ka). The revised age estimates correspond with the dates of other human fossils in northern China, at Tianyuan Cave (~40.8–38.1 ka) and Zhoukoudian Upper Cave (39.0–36.3 ka), indicating the geographically widespread presence of H. sapiens across Eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene, which is significant for better understanding human dispersals and adaptations in the region.
Distinguishing individual photobodies using Oligopaints reveals thermo-sensitive and -insensitive phytochrome B condensation at distinct subnuclear locations
Authors: Du Juan , Kim Keunhwa , Chen Meng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotobodies (PBs) are membraneless subnuclear organelles that self-assemble via concentration-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (PHYB). The current PHYB LLPS model posits that PHYB phase separates randomly in the nucleoplasm regardless of the cellular or nuclear context. Here, we established a robust Oligopaints method inArabidopsisto determine the positioning of individual PBs. We show surprisingly that even in PHYB overexpression lines – where PHYB condensation would be more likely to occur randomly – PBs positioned at twelve distinct subnuclear locations distinguishable by chromocenter and nucleolus landmarks, suggesting that PHYB condensation occurs nonrandomly at preferred seeding sites. Intriguingly, warm temperatures reduce PB number by inducing the disappearance of specific thermo-sensitive PBs, demonstrating that individual PBs possess different thermosensitivities. These results reveal a nonrandom PB nucleation model, which provides the framework for the biogenesis of spatially distinct individual PBs with diverse environmental sensitivities within a single plant nucleus.
Nonmagnetic framboid and associated iron nanoparticles with a space-weathered feature from asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Kato Takeharu , Anada Satoshi , Yoshida Ryuji , Yamamoto Kazuo , Tanigaki Toshiaki , Akashi Tetsuya , Kasai Hiroto , Kurosawa Kosuke , Nakamura Tomoki , Noguchi Takaaki , Sato Masahiko , Matsumoto Toru , Morita Tomoyo , Kikuiri Mizuha , Amano Kana , Kagawa Eiichi , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi , Tachibana Shogo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtraterrestrial minerals on the surface of airless Solar System bodies undergo gradual alteration processes known as space weathering over long periods of time. The signatures of space weathering help us understand the phenomena occurring in the Solar System. However, meteorites rarely retain the signatures, making it impossible to study the space weathering processes precisely. Here, we examine samples retrieved from the asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft and discover the presence of nonmagnetic framboids through electron holography measurements that can visualize magnetic flux. Magnetite particles, which normally provide a record of the nebular magnetic field, have lost their magnetic properties by reduction via a high-velocity (>5 km s–1) impact of a micrometeoroid with a diameter ranging from 2 to 20 μm after destruction of the parent body of Ryugu. Around these particles, thousands of metallic-iron nanoparticles with a vortex magnetic domain structure, which could have recorded a magnetic field in the impact event, are found. Through measuring the remanent magnetization of the iron nanoparticles, future studies are expected to elucidate the nature of the nebular/interplanetary magnetic fields after the termination of aqueous alteration in an asteroid.
Photonic time-crystalline behaviour mediated by phonon squeezing in Ta2NiSe5
Authors: Michael Marios H. , Haque Sheikh Rubaiat Ul , Windgaetter Lukas , Latini Simone , Zhang Yuan , Rubio Angel , Averitt Richard D. , Demler Eugene 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotonic time crystals refer to materials whose dielectric properties are periodic in time, analogous to a photonic crystal whose dielectric properties is periodic in space. Here, we theoretically investigate photonic time-crystalline behaviour initiated by optical excitation above the electronic gap of the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5. We show that after electron photoexcitation, electron-phonon coupling leads to an unconventional squeezed phonon state, characterised by periodic oscillations of phonon fluctuations. Squeezing oscillations lead to photonic time crystalline behaviour. The key signature of the photonic time crystalline behaviour is terahertz (THz) amplification of reflectivity in a narrow frequency band. The theory is supported by experimental results on Ta2NiSe5 where photoexcitation with short pulses leads to enhanced THz reflectivity with the predicted features. We explain the key mechanism leading to THz amplification in terms of a simplified electron-phonon Hamiltonian motivated by ab-initio DFT calculations. Our theory suggests that the pumped Ta2NiSe5 is a gain medium, demonstrating that squeezed phonon noise may be used to create THz amplifiers in THz communication applications.
Molecular tuning boosts asymmetric C-C coupling for CO conversion to acetate
Authors: Ding Jie , Li Fuhua , Ren Xinyi , Liu Yuhang , Li Yifan , Shen Zheng , Wang Tian , Wang Weijue , Wang Yang-Gang , Cui Yi , Yang Hongbin , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide reduction reaction offers a promising route to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals, unfortunately their activities and selectivities remain unsatisfactory. Here, we present a general surface molecular tuning strategy by modifying Cu2O with a molecular pyridine-derivative. The surface modified Cu2O nanocubes by 4-mercaptopyridine display a high Faradaic efficiency of greater than 60% in electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction to acetate with a current density as large as 380 mA/cm2 in a liquid electrolyte flow cell. In-situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals stronger *CO signal with bridge configuration and stronger *OCCHO signal over modified Cu2O nanocubes by 4-mercaptopyridine than unmodified Cu2O nanocubes during electrochemical CO reduction. Density function theory calculations disclose that local molecular tuning can effectively regulate the electronic structure of copper catalyst, enhancing *CO and *CHO intermediates adsorption by the stabilization effect through hydrogen bonding, which can greatly promote asymmetric *CO-*CHO coupling in electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction.
Dynamic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations in a lung transplantation patient with persistent COVID-19
Authors: Igari Hidetoshi , Sakao Seiichiro , Ishige Takayuki , Saito Kengo , Murata Shota , Yahaba Misuzu , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Suganami Akiko , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Tamura Yutaka , Suzuki Takuji , Ido Eiji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNumerous SARS-CoV-2 variant strains with altered characteristics have emerged since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Remdesivir (RDV), a ribonucleotide analogue inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, has become a valuable therapeutic agent. However, immunosuppressed hosts may respond inadequately to RDV and develop chronic persistent infections. A patient with respiratory failure caused by interstitial pneumonia, who had undergone transplantation of the left lung, developed COVID-19 caused by Omicron BA.5 strain with persistent chronic viral shedding, showing viral fusogenicity. Genome-wide sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of several viral mutations after RDV treatment, followed by dynamic changes in the viral populations. The C799F mutation in nsp12 was found to play a pivotal role in conferring RDV resistance, preventing RDV-triphosphate from entering the active site of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The occurrence of diverse mutations is a characteristic of SARS-CoV-2, which mutates frequently. Herein, we describe the clinical case of an immunosuppressed host in whom inadequate treatment resulted in highly diverse SARS-CoV-2 mutations that threatened the patient’s health due to the development of drug-resistant variants.
Substrate binding plasticity revealed by Cryo-EM structures of SLC26A2
Authors: Hu Wenxin , Song Alex , Zheng Hongjin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSLC26A2 is a vital solute carrier responsible for transporting essential nutritional ions, including sulfate, within the human body. Pathogenic mutations within SLC26A2 give rise to a spectrum of human diseases, ranging from lethal to mild symptoms. The molecular details regarding the versatile substrate-transporter interactions and the impact of pathogenic mutations on SLC26A2 transporter function remain unclear. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determine three high-resolution structures of SLC26A2 in complexes with different substrates. These structures unveil valuable insights, including the distinct features of the homodimer assembly, the dynamic nature of substrate binding, and the potential ramifications of pathogenic mutations. This structural-functional information regarding SLC26A2 will advance our understanding of cellular sulfate transport mechanisms and provide foundations for future therapeutic development against various human diseases.
A secondary mechanism of action for triazole antifungals in Aspergillus fumigatus mediated by hmg1
Authors: Rybak Jeffrey M. , Xie Jinhong , Martin-Vicente Adela , Guruceaga Xabier , Thorn Harrison I. , Nywening Ashley V. , Ge Wenbo , Souza Ana C. O. , Shetty Amol C. , McCracken Carrie , Bruno Vincent M. , Parker Josie E. , Kelly Steven L. , Snell Hannah M. , Cuomo Christina A. , Rogers P. David , Fortwendel Jarrod R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTriazole antifungals function as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and are frontline therapy for invasive fungal infections, such as invasive aspergillosis. The primary mechanism of action of triazoles is through the specific inhibition of a cytochrome P450 14-α-sterol demethylase enzyme, Cyp51A/B, resulting in depletion of cellular ergosterol. Here, we uncover a clinically relevant secondary mechanism of action for triazoles within the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. We provide evidence that triazole-mediated inhibition of Cyp51A/B activity generates sterol intermediate perturbations that are likely decoded by the sterol sensing functions of HMG-CoA reductase and Insulin-Induced Gene orthologs as increased pathway activity. This, in turn, results in negative feedback regulation of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step of sterol biosynthesis. We also provide evidence that HMG-CoA reductase sterol sensing domain mutations previously identified as generating resistance in clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus partially disrupt this triazole-induced feedback. Therefore, our data point to a secondary mechanism of action for the triazoles: induction of HMG-CoA reductase negative feedback for downregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway activity. Abrogation of this feedback through acquired mutations in the HMG-CoA reductase sterol sensing domain diminishes triazole antifungal activity against fungal pathogens and underpins HMG-CoA reductase-mediated resistance.
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate sex differences in cardiac reparative functions of bone marrow progenitor cells
Authors: Thej Charan , Roy Rajika , Cheng Zhongjian , Garikipati Venkata Naga Srikanth , Truongcao May M. , Joladarashi Darukeshwara , Mallaredy Vandana , Cimini Maria , Gonzalez Carolina , Magadum Ajit , Ghosh Jayashri , Benedict Cindy , Koch Walter J. , Kishore Raj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHistorically, a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related deaths in women as compared with men of the same age has been attributed to female sex hormones, particularly estrogen and its receptors. Autologous bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) clinical trials for cardiac cell therapy overwhelmingly included male patients. However, meta-analysis data from these trials suggest a better functional outcome in postmenopausal women as compared with aged-matched men. Mechanisms governing sex-specific cardiac reparative activity in BMSCs, with and without the influence of sex hormones, remain unexplored. To discover these mechanisms, Male (M), female (F), and ovariectomized female (OVX) mice-derived EPCs were subjected to a series of molecular and epigenetic analyses followed by in vivo functional assessments of cardiac repair. F-EPCs and OVX EPCs show a lower inflammatory profile and promote enhanced cardiac reparative activity after intra-cardiac injections in a male mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Epigenetic sequencing revealed a marked difference in the occupancy of the gene repressive H3K9me3 mark, particularly at transcription start sites of key angiogenic and proinflammatory genes in M-EPCs compared with F-EPCs and OVX-EPCs. Our study unveiled that functional sex differences in EPCs are, in part, mediated by differential epigenetic regulation of the proinflammatory and anti-angiogenic gene CCL3, orchestrated by the control of H3K9me3 by histone methyltransferase, G9a/Ehmt2. Our research highlights the importance of considering the sex of donor cells for progenitor-based tissue repair.
The role of the human hippocampus in decision-making under uncertainty
Authors: Attaallah Bahaaeddin , Petitet Pierre , Zambellas Rhea , Toniolo Sofia , Maio Maria Raquel , Ganse-Dumrath Akke , Irani Sarosh R. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Husain Masud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe role of the hippocampus in decision-making is beginning to be more understood. Because of its prospective and inferential functions, we hypothesized that it might be required specifically when decisions involve the evaluation of uncertain values. A group of individuals with autoimmune limbic encephalitis—a condition known to focally affect the hippocampus—were tested on how they evaluate reward against uncertainty compared to reward against another key attribute: physical effort. Across four experiments requiring participants to make trade-offs between reward, uncertainty and effort, patients with acute limbic encephalitis demonstrated blunted sensitivity to reward and effort whenever uncertainty was considered, despite demonstrating intact uncertainty sensitivity. By contrast, the valuation of these two attributes (reward and effort) was intact on uncertainty-free tasks. Reduced sensitivity to changes in reward under uncertainty correlated with the severity of hippocampal damage. Together, these findings provide evidence for a context-sensitive role of the hippocampus in value-based decision-making, apparent specifically under conditions of uncertainty.
Al-Ce co-doped BaTiO3 nanofibers as a high-performance bifunctional electrochemical supercapacitor and water-splitting electrocatalyst
Authors: Zakeri Fatemeh , Javid Abbas , Orooji Yasin , Fazli Arezou , Khataee Amirreza , Khataee Alireza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSupercapacitors and water splitting cells have recently played a key role in offering green energy through converting renewable sources into electricity. Perovskite-type electrocatalysts such as BaTiO3, have been well-known for their ability to efficiently split water and serve as supercapacitors due to their high electrocatalytic activity. In this study, BaTiO3, Al-doped BaTiO3, Ce-doped BaTiO3, and Al-Ce co-doped BaTiO3 nanofibers were fabricated via a two-step hydrothermal method, which were then characterized and compared for their electrocatalytic performance. Based on the obtained results, Al-Ce co-doped BaTiO3 electrode exhibited a high capacitance of 224.18 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs−1, high durability during over the 1000 CV cycles and 2000 charge–discharge cycles, proving effective energy storage properties. Additionally, the onset potentials for OER and HER processes were 11 and − 174 mV vs. RHE, respectively, demonstrating the high activity of the Al-Ce co-doped BaTiO3 electrode. Moreover, in overall water splitting, the amount of the overpotential was 0.820 mV at 10 mAcm−2, which confirmed the excellent efficiency of the electrode. Hence, the remarkable electrocatalytic performance of the Al-Ce co-doped BaTiO3 electrode make it a promising candidate for renewable energy technologies owing to its high conductivity and fast charge transfer.
Adapting Laplace residual power series approach to the Caudrey Dodd Gibbon equation
Authors: Abdelhafeez Samy A. , Arafa Anas A. M. , Zahran Yousef H. , Osman Ibrahim S. I. , Ramadan Moutaz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn real-life applications, nonlinear differential equations play an essential role in representing many phenomena. One well-known nonlinear differential equation that helps describe and explain many chemicals, physical, and biological processes is the Caudrey Dodd Gibbon equation (CDGE). In this paper, we propose the Laplace residual power series method to solve fractional CDGE. The use of terms that involve fractional derivatives leads to a higher degree of freedom, making them more realistic than those equations that involve the derivation of an integer order. The proposed method gives an easy and faster solution in the form of fast convergence. Using the limit theorem of evaluation, the experimental part presents the results and graphs obtained at several values of the fractional derivative order.
Cheminformatics approach to identify andrographolide derivatives as dual inhibitors of methyltransferases (nsp14 and nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Thomas Jobin , Ghosh Anupam , Ranjan Shivendu , Satija Jitendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic outbreak has accelerated tremendous efforts to discover a therapeutic strategy that targets severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to control viral infection. Various viral proteins have been identified as potential drug targets, however, to date, no specific therapeutic cure is available against the SARS-CoV-2. To address this issue, the present work reports a systematic cheminformatic approach to identify the potent andrographolide derivatives that can target methyltransferases of SARS-CoV-2, i.e. nsp14 and nsp16 which are crucial for the replication of the virus and host immune evasion. A consensus of cheminformatics methodologies including virtual screening, molecular docking, ADMET profiling, molecular dynamics simulations, free-energy landscape analysis, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), and density functional theory (DFT) was utilized. Our study reveals two new andrographolide derivatives (PubChem CID: 2734589 and 138968421) as natural bioactive molecules that can form stable complexes with both proteins via hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. The toxicity analysis predicts class four toxicity for both compounds with LD50 value in the range of 500–700 mg/kg. MD simulation reveals the stable formation of the complex for both the compounds and their average trajectory values were found to be lower than the control inhibitor and protein alone. MMGBSA analysis corroborates the MD simulation result and showed the lowest energy for the compounds 2734589 and 138968421. The DFT and MEP analysis also predicts the better reactivity and stability of both the hit compounds. Overall, both andrographolide derivatives exhibit good potential as potent inhibitors for both nsp14 and nsp16 proteins, however, in-vitro and in vivo assessment would be required to prove their efficacy and safety in clinical settings. Moreover, the drug discovery strategy aiming at the dual target approach might serve as a useful model for inventing novel drug molecules for various other diseases.
Achieving eco-innovative smart glass design with the integration of opinion mining, QFD and TRIZ
Authors: Lee C. K. M. , Tsang Y. P. , Chong W. W. , Au Y. S. , Liang J. Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModern consumption patterns lead to massive waste, which poses challenges in storage and highlights the urgent need for more sustainable product development. Customer feedback on products plays a crucial role in product design, yet previous studies overlooked these invaluable insights. In response, this study introduces a novel systematic methodology that integrates the strengths of text mining, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Text mining techniques are utilized to extract customer requirements from online platforms, while QFD is used to translate these requirements into technical specifications. By integrating the contradiction matrix from TRIZ theory with the triptych, technical conflicts are resolved. The design process for next-generation smart glasses is employed as an illustrative case to validate the proposed integrated innovation design approach. Analytical outcomes suggest that the introduced methodology can effectively address sustainable product design challenges and sets the stage for future advancements in smart glasses.