bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of transference interpretation in dynamic psychotherapy of personality disorders
Authors: Høglend P. , Dahl H.-S. , Hersoug A.G. , Lorentzen S. , Perry J.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundOnly a few treatment studies of personality disorders (PD) patients are on longer-term psychotherapy, general outcome measures are used, and follow-up periods are usually short. More studies of long-term therapies, using outcome measures of core psychopathology, are needed.MethodThis study is a dismantling randomized controlled clinical trial, specifically designed to study long-term effects of transference interpretation. Forty-six patients with mainly cluster C personality disorders were randomly assigned to 1 year of dynamic psychotherapy with or without transference interpretations. The outcome measures were remission from PD, improvement in interpersonal functioning, and use of mental health resources in the 3-year period after treatment termination.ResultsAfter therapy with transference interpretation PD-patients improved significantly more in core psychopathology and interpersonal functioning, the drop-out rate was reduced to zero, and use of health services was reduced to 50%, compared to therapy without this ingredient. Three years after treatment termination, 73% no longer met diagnostic criteria for any PD in the transference group, compared to 44% in the comparison group.ConclusionsPD-patients with co-morbid disorders improved in both treatment arms in this study. However, transference interpretation improved outcome substantially more. Long-term psychotherapy that includes transference interpretation is an effective treatment for cluster C personality disorders and milder cluster B personality disorders.
Influence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 on rates of cognitive and functional decline in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Whitehair Danielle C. , Sherzai Abdullah , Emond Jennifer , Raman Rema , Aisen Paul S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Fleisher Adam S. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
Published: September 2010

BackgroundApolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) allele carrier status has been well established as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. However, the specific influence of APOE ɛ4 allele status on cognitive and functional rates of decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is poorly understood. We examine the prospective association of APOE ɛ4 allele status on measures of cognitive and functional decline in subjects with amnestic MCI (aMCI).MethodsA total of 516 aMCI participants aged 55–90 years who received placebo or vitamin E from the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study's MCI treatment trial were evaluated. During the 36‐month study period, neurocognitive and functional measures were collected. These measures were assessed over time for change and association with APOE ɛ4 status. Generalized Estimating Equations were performed to model each outcome measure over the study period.ResultsAPOE ɛ4 status had a significant impact on cognitive and functional decline on multiple measures; those who were APOE ɛ4 positive had significantly more rapid decline in performance on all cognitive and functional measures except Number Cancellation and Maze tracing (P < .05). The greatest decline was seen in global measures of cognition and function including the Clinical Diagnostic Rating scale, followed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Global Deterioration scale, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that APOE ɛ4 genotype is predictive of increased general rates of decline with global measures of cognition and function most affected. With accelerated declines in common clinical trial primary efficacy measures, APOE ɛ4 status needs to be accounted for in treatment trials of MCI.
Targeted nanoagents for the detection of cancers
Authors: McCarthy Jason R. , Bhaumik Jayeeta , Karver Mark R. , Sibel Erdem S. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNanotechnology has enabled a renaissance in the diagnosis of cancers. This is due, in part to the ability to develop agents bearing multiple functionalities, including those utilized for targeting, imaging, and therapy, allowing for the tailoring of the properties of the nanomaterials. Whereas many nanomaterials exhibit localization to diseased tissues via intrinsic targeting, the addition of targeting ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, and small molecules, facilitates far more sensitive cancer detection. As such, this review focuses upon some of the most poignant examples of the utility of affinity ligand targeted nanoagents in the detection of cancer.
Alkaline plumes of continents and oceans
Authors: Lazarenkov V.G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Series of continental and oceanic alkaline associations have been compared. Comparison confirms that alkaline plumes originated from the Earth’s liquid core under the continents and, less often, under the oceans. The spatial distribution of alkaline complexes has been analyzed in terms of the plume magmatism theory. Analysis suggests that the zoning and lateral migration of alkaline magmatic centers in alkaline provinces were determined by the migration of an alkaline plume (multiplume) and its alkaline basaltic, alkaline ultramafic, carbonatitic, kimberlitic, and other derivates.
Two components are well pronounced in the chemical history of alkaline plume magmatism. The first is the foidaphile component, which persists in all igneous and metasomatic rocks of various alkaline complexes. It includes elements associated with Na and K: rare alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, radioactive elements, rare earths, and others. They make up the important part of the plume that might have separated from the liquid core. The second component is rock-forming mantle–lithospheric, which formed in the asthenosphere during the mixing of mantle and lithospheric sources while the plume ascended to the Earth’s surface.
The performance of Finn-Dorset sheep allowed to mate four times in two years
Authors: Land R. B. , McClelland T. H. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYFinn-Dorset females were allowed to mate on four occasions during a period of 2 years. Those over 2 years old at the start of the experiment carried an average of three pregnancies giving birth to an average of 5·8 lambs per ewe. The proportion of ewes lambing was reduced from 93 to 32% by the occurrence of lambing 6 months previously, but litter size was unaffected either by this or by lactation at the time of mating. The mean live weight of male lambs reared as twins was 23·5 kg at 12 weeks, and 36·7 kg at slaughter (mean age 19·7 weeks, killing-out percentage 46·4%).
The effects of milking cows three times daily
Authors: Poole D. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe experiment assessed the effects on performance from calving to the 20th week of lactation of milking cows three times daily (3 × ) compared to milking twice daily (2 × ). After 20 weeks all cows were milked 2 ×. Each treatment consisted of 18 cows and 11 heifers. The mid-calving date was 21 September 1979.Complete diets of the same composition were offered separately to each group in quantities equivalent to 1040 g/kg of their previous intake. The diet for the first 18 weeks of lactation was estimated to have an energy concentration within the range 11·0 to 11·3 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter. After 18 weeks, the diet was reformulated to reduce the energy concentration to 10·3 MJ per kg dry matter. Total food intakes for the 20 weeks of treatment were 2352 kg dry matter (3 ×) and 2241 kg dry matter (2 ×). From 8 April 1980 the cows were turned out to grass to complete their lactations.During the 20 weeks the mean daily milk yields of heifers were 19·3kg (3×) and 171kg (2×) (P<005). Cow yields were 28·4 (3×) and 23·9 kg (2×) (P< 0·001) during the same period. After 3× daily milking ceased, there were some positive carry-over effects on milk yield and food intake.Lactation yields from heifers were 4881 (3 ×) and 4498 kg (2×), whilst for cows the equivalent yields were 6485 (3 ×) and 5694 kg (2 ×) (P<0·01). There were no significant differences in milk quality. At 20 weeks after calving the cows milked 3 × daily had gained less weight, but by 44 weeks from calving the weight gains were similar at 42 (3 ×) and 45 kg (2 ×).
Lactational oestrus in the sow. 3. The Influence of feeding level upon the occurrence of a fertile oestrus in lactating sows
Authors: Rowlinson P. , Bryant M. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSixty-six multiparous hybrid Camborough female pigs and their litters were housed in groups of five or six at day 20 post partum. A boar was added to each group on day 21. Four groups (a total of 22 sows) were fed to appetite (TA), to requirement (R) or to 0·70 of requirement (RO·70). Average daily sow food intakes were 8·2, 61 and 4·5 kg for TA, R and RO·70 respectively. Significant differences occurred in live-weight changes between grouping and weaning (TA>R>RO·70; P<0·001). TA sows were heavier at weaning than either R or RO·70 sows (P< 0·001).Oestrus occurred during lactation in 0·68, 0·73 and 0·18 of sows, on average 11·3, 13·4 and 8·0 days following grouping respectively, for TA, R and RO·70 sows but these differences were statistically non-significant. The average non-return rate at day 21 was 0·69, with no differences between treatments.
The effects of body condition at calving, food intake and performance in early lactation on blood composition of dairy cows given complete diets
Authors: Garnsworthy P. C. , Topps J. H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn each of two trials, three groups of eight cows, with condition scores of 1-5 to 2, 2-5 to 3 and 3-5 to 4 at calving, were given a complete diet for the first 16 weeks of lactation. Food intake, milk yield, live weight and condition score were measured, and related to levels of plasma glucose and free fatty acids, serum insulin, prolactin and progesterone in weekly blood samples, in an attempt to explain differences in food intake.In both trials, levels of plasma free fatty acids were high after calving for all cows and declined rapidly until week 8, after which they were fairly constant. Glucose and insulin levels increased after calving, producing curves similar to that for dry-matter intake in the first 8 weeks of lactation. Prolactin levels fluctuated too markedly to provide useful information. Progesterone levels increased until week 7 and then fluctuated at 3-week intervals coincident with oestrus. Dry-matter intake was negatively correlated with free fatty acid levels and positively correlated with insulin in trial 1, and with glucose and progesterone in both trials.
Influence of lurogestone acetate on serum progesterone and histological characteristics in ewes
Authors: Schoenemann H. M. , Hallford D. M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAt the beginning of the autumn breeding season, six Rambouillet ewes were treated with intravaginal pessaries containing 20 mg flurogestone acetate on day 10 (oestrus = day 0) of an oestrous cycle. Sponges were removed after 12 days. Five additional ewes served as untreated controls. Vasectomized rams were used twice daily to detect oestrus and blood samples were collected daily from day 1 until 3 days following the post-treatment oestrus. Animals were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were recovered 3 days after the oestrus followingpessary removal. Epithelial, endometrial and glandular measurements were recorded from sections of oviduct, uterus and cervix using a refrigerated microtome. Serum progesterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Intravaginal progestagen treatment prevented ewes from exhibiting oestrus during the period in which pessaries were in place. Oestrus was observed, however, in all treated animals within 2 days of sponge removal, resulting in a mean cycle length (±.e.) of 23·2 (±0·2) days compared with 17·6 (±0·2) days (P<0·01) for controls. Serum progesterone profiles in treated and control animals indicated that corpora lutea regression progressed normally in ewes receiving the exogenous progestagen. Neither reproductive tract weight, ovarian weight, ovulation rate nor follicle number differed between groups (P>0·10). Oviductal, uterine, uterine glandular and cervical epithelial cell heights, as well as uterine glandular proliferation and endometrial thickness, were also similar in treated and control ewes (P>0·10). These data suggest that intravaginal flurogestone acetate does not appreciably alter histology of the reproductive tract during the time in which the fertilized ova would enter the uterus. Overt histological changes, therefore, are not likely to be a significant cause of reduced fertility at a synchronized oestrus.
Variation in the age at emergence of incisor teeth in cattle of different breeds
Authors: Wiener G. , Forster Janet 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe age at which the four pairs of permanent incisors emerged, and the interval between first emergence and the attainment of full size, was recorded from observations taken every 2 weeks on 332 female cattle of a herd comprising the Ayrshire, Friesian and Jersey breeds, and the reciprocal crosses among them.The 1st pair of incisors emerged at a mean age of 101 weeks of age and later pairs at approximately 30-week intervals, with the s.d. increasing proportionately from 7 to 14 weeks. Full size of the incisors was attained, on average, 4·0, 2·4, 3·0 and 5·6 weeks after the initial observations on incisor pairs 1 to 4 respectively.Breed (or cross) and season of birth significantly affected the age at emergence of the 1st and 2nd pairs of teeth, and breed also affected the age for the 4th pair. Relative to the Friesian breed, an Ayrshire parent delayed emergence of both 1st and 2nd incisor pairs by approximately 4 weeks, and a Jersey parent delayed emergence of all four pairs. The maternal effect was opposite in sign to the effect of breed substitution; in particular, a Jersey dam caused a reduction in the age at emergence. There was no evidence of heterosis in the crosses. On average, each pair of incisors erupted approximately 4 weeks earlier for cows born between October and December than for those born in the period April to June.Age at calving, lactation length, milk yield, body weights and the ratio of 18-month body weight to that at 42 months (as an estimate of proportion of maturity) were not significantly correlated with the dental traits. Correlations between age at emergence of adjacent incisor pairs were approximately 0·7, a value higher than that between pairs separated by longer time intervals.
The effect of three stocking rates of pigs housed in identical-sized pens on performance
Authors: Mitchell K. G. , Keal H. D. , Pittman R. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA feeding experiment was carried out to assess the effect on performance of three stocking rates in identical-sized pens with pigs growing from 25 to 60 kg live weight. Groups of 8,10 and 12 pigs per pen, 300 pigs in total, were used with lying plus exercise space allowances of 0·61, 0·49 and 0·41 m2 per pig respectively and an additional dunging area in each pen of 2·7 m2. There were no significant differences in rate of growth, food: gain ratio, days to slaughter or carcass backfat measurements. With 12 pigs per pen, the pigs tended to be dirtier and cleaning out of pens was more difficult. It was concluded that under the conditions prevailing a group size of 10 pigs gave the stocking rate of choice.
The use of a heated nestbox system to counter perinatal mortality in the commercial rabbit
Authors: Partridge G. G. , Bruce J. M. , Allan S. J. , Sharman G. A. M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA rabbit nesting box incorporating a low wattage heated floor was developed. In a preliminary study a floor surface temperature in the box of 27°C was found to be adequate to minimize chilling of young pups in the nest. A full scale trial followed using 44 crossbred does, 22 provided with a nestbox containing a heated floor and 22 with a control plywood nesting box. The experiment continued for six successive reproductive cycles over the period April 1981 to February 1982 in an unheated rabbitry. Throughout the year significantly more pups reached weaning age when does were provided with nestboxes containing heated floors. On average, 0·15 of all pups born to does with heated floors had died by 28 days post partum, the comparable figure for unheated floors being 0·56. This reduction in mortality in heated boxes was apparent both on the day of birth and in the subsequent weeks prior to weaning. Ambient temperature and the wetness of the nest had a strong influence on the survival of pups in control boxes with high mortality rates experienced in the cold winter months (0·79 in February 1982). Most of these deaths in the control boxes were attributable to chilling and/or starvation in the nest (0·53 of diagnosed deaths overall). The running costs of the heated nestbox system are discussed.
Comparative performance and body composition of control and selection line large white pigs 3. Three low feeding scales for a fixed time
Authors: Ellis M. , Smith W. C. , Henderson Ruth , Whittemore C. T. , Laird R. , Phillips P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTGrowth performance and body composition differences between Large White control (C) and index-selected (S) pigs were evaluated on feeding scales calculated to give very low, low and medium daily growth rates of approximately 450 g, 550 g and 650 g respectively. Starting at 30·3 (s.e. 0·32) kg, 72 boars were penned in groups of six, and one C and one S boar was fed on each of the three feeding scales for 84 days. The feeding scales started at 1·1, 1·2 and 1·3 kg per pig per day for the intended very low, low and medium growth rates with weekly increments of 0·025, 0·050 and 0·075 kg per pig per day. The 34 C and 35 S boars which completed the trial were slaughtered, their carcasses dissected and the whole empty bodies minced and chemically analysed. In no case was the interaction between line of pig and feeding treatment significant. S boars grew faster than C boars on all three levels of feeding. S boars also grew lean tissue faster, deposited less total fat, and had smaller backfat depths than C boars. Similar differences between lines in chemical composition were also apparent for whole body crude protein and lipid. Although the index selection at Newcastle was based on ad libitum performance tests, improvements in the lean content and lean tissue growth rates of the selection line were apparent even at very low levels of feeding.
The effects of treatment of barley grain with sodium hydroxide and milling on its nutritive value for finishing pigs
Authors: Patterson D. C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTGrowing pigs were given diets based on barley (whole or milled), which was either untreated or sprayed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (270 g sodium hydroxide per kg water) to give 33·8 g sodium hydroxide per kg dry matter. The barley grain was treated with sodium hydroxide while in the whole state. A total of 48 pigs penned individually were given the diets on a restricted scale of feeding from an initial weight of 31·6 kg until slaughter at 81·7 kg live weight. In a metabolism study, eight boars were subjected to the same experimental treatments in two identical 4 × 4 balanced change-over experiments.The diet containing untreated milled barley gave significantly faster live-weight gain and lower food conversion ratio than the other three diets (P < 0·001). Food conversion ratios were similar for untreated whole barley and sodium hydroxide-treated barley, whether this was whole or milled. Killingout proportion was similar for untreated and treated milled barley but was significantly lower when the diet contained untreated or treated whole barley.Milling significantly increased the digestibility of energy and nitrogen. Treatment with sodium hydroxide improved the digestibility of energy in the diet with whole barley but not in the diet with milled barley. With both whole and milled barley, treatment with sodium hydroxide increased the digestibility of crude fibre (P < 0·05) but with ground barley the digestibility and retention of nitrogen were reduced considerably by treatment with sodium hydroxide.It is concluded that treatment of barley with sodium hydroxide did not improve the nutritive value of either milled or whole grain, that it reduced the digestibility of nitrogen and that it severely depressed the utilization of digested energy for growth.
A note on the relationship between induced mechanical stress and thermal stress in recumbent pigs
Authors: Bruce J. M. , Boon C. R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe hypothesis is proposed that pigs will induce a mechanical stress, by huddling and over-lying, that is related to the degree of thermal stress experienced. Measurements of the floor area covered by groups of 12 pigs have been used to validate the hypothesis.
Rumen degradation of straw 2. Botanical fractions of straw from two barley cultivars
Authors: Ramanzin M. , Ørskov E. R. , Tuah A. K. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of barley straw, Corgi and Gerbel, which varied in degradability when incubated in the rumen in nylon bags, were chosen for further examination of botanical fractions and to see how each fraction responded to treatment with ammonia. The straws were separated into leaves, internodes, nodes and chaff. The average proportions of these fractions were respectively 0·499, 0·380, 0·055 and 0·065 in Corgi straw and 0·404, 0·512, 0·059 and 0·025 in Gerbel straw. For both varieties the degradability of the botanical fractions were leaves > chaff > nodes > internodes.Despite a similar chemical composition, the dry-matter loss (DML) values of leaves, internodes and nodes of Corgi were higher than those of Gerbel straw.The differences between varieties were larger for internodes and nodes than for leaves. The difference in DML of the two varieties at 48-h incubation was 132 g/kg DM. Of this difference, 25 g were due to differences in distribution of the botanical fractions and 107 g to differences in DML of the fractions.Ammonia treatment significantly increased the DML of all fractions except the nodes. The overall improvement due to ammonia treatment of the different fraction was internode > chaff > leaves > nodes.
The use of body condition scoring to ration beef cows in late pregnancy
Authors: Wright I. A. , Russel A. J. F. , Hunter E. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTForty-eight Hereford × Friesian and Blue Grey cows ranging in body condition score from 1·75 to 4·0, 12 weeks before calving, were fed to achieve three levels of body condition score at calving. Half the cows were fed on an increasing plane of nutrition as pregnancy advanced and half were fed on a flat-rate feeding system. The condition scores achieved by the three groups at calving were 2·28, 2·47 and 2·70 (s.e.d. 0·071; P < 0·001). Differences in cow body condition at calving were reflected in cow live weight and condition 6 weeks later, but there was no effect on calf performance. Hereford × Friesian cows lost more weight in early lactation, tended to produce more milk and their calves were heavier. Pattern of feeding had no effect on cow condition score or weight at calving or on subsequent performance.It was calculated that each unit of body condition-score loss in late pregnancy contributes the equivalent of 3200 MJ dietary metabolizable energy while 6600 MJ dietary metabolizable energy are required for 1 unit of condition-score gain.