bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot‐Water Deposition of Pyritic Stromatolite and Its Relation to Biomineralization
Authors: Xuehui XIA , Changtao LIU , Zhongmo LI 
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Pyritic stromatolite, a rich pyrite ore, is scattered as reef masses in sedex deposits of the Proterozoic Yanshan rift trough. The pyritic stromatolite consists of a core and alternating concentric rims of light colloidal pyrite and dark organic materials. The concentric rims are cemented together by trichomes highly similar to the trichomic microorganisms inhabiting substantively around the black chimneys on the current sea beds while the core is composed chiefly of groups of thermophilous sulphur bacteria. Biomarkers for the molecules of pyritic stromatolite include pristane, phytane, regular isoprenoids paraffin, methyl‐heptadecyl, and so on. This study reveals the existence of methane‐yielding bacteria in the pyritic stromatolite and reflects the evolution of thermophilous thallophyta.Long pulsation of mineralizing thermal solutions venting up along contemporaneous faults in rift troughs contributed greatly not just to the reproduction of thermophilous organisms living around the vents, but to their adsorption of Fe2+ from the solutions in a reducing environment. Pyritic stromatolite constantly took shape through metabolism and reduction of these organisms. Owing to the uneven development of the organic communities close to the vents or the hydrothermal plumes, pyritic stromatolite occurred eventually as scattered reef masses. This mineralizing mechanism may be summarized as the following procedure: flowing of hydrothermal fluids associated with submarine exhalatio→adsorption and metabolism of thermophilous micro‐organisms→reduction of organic materials→formation of deposits of pyritic stromatolite.
A New Family of Sauropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Qiqing PANG , Zhengwu CHENG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new gigantic sauropod, Huabeisaurus allocotus gen. et sp. nov., about 20 m in length and 5 m in height, was discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Huiquanpu Formation, Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province. It is notably different from Diplodocidae, Titanosauridae and Nemegtosauridae in the following aspects: the teeth are strong, peglike with a length ratio of the tooth crown to tooth root at about 3 to 1; the cervical vertebrae are long with forked spines; the spines in dorsal vertebrae are relatively high, unbifurcated; the caudal vertebrae are amphicoelous, with anterior neural spines and unbifurcated spines and chevrons; the femur is straight and long, narrow and flat and the tibia and fibula are long and flat. These characters show that the described genus should represent a new family, Huabeisauridae fam. nov. The discovery enriches the sauropod dinosaur record in China, and is quite significant to the study of the taxonomy, evolution, migration, extinction and palaeobiogeographic provincialism of the Late Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs.
A New Sauropod, Gongxianosaurus, from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan, China
Authors: Yaonan LUO , Changsheng WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe paper describes an early and primitive sauropod dinosaur, Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis (gen. et sp. nov.), from the Dongyuemiao Member of the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in Shibei Township, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province, China, which is one of the 5 dinosaur fossils discovered in Gongxian in 1997. Except the skull which is incomplete, the fossils are well preserved. It has some features of both sauropods and prosauropods. It is an intermediate type in the evolution of dinosaurs from prosauropods to sauropods and provides materials for the study of the origin and evolution of the sauropod dinosaur fauna. The discovery of this new sauropod furnishes a way for the stratigraphic correlation between the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan basin and the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in the Central Yunnan basin.
TEM and HRTEM Study of Microstructures in Omphacite from UHP Eclogites at Shima, Dabie Mountains, China
Authors: Xiuling WU , Yujing HAN , Dawei MENG , Weiran YANG , Douxing LI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransmission electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analyses have been performed on omphacite from ultra‐high pressure (UHP) eclogites at the locality of Shima, Dabie Mountains, China. TEM reveals that the microstructures consist dominantly of dislocation substructures, including free dislocations, loops, tiltwalls, dislocation tangles and subboundaries. They were produced by high‐temperature ductile deformation, of which the main mechanism was dislocation creep. Antiphase domain (APD) boundaries are common planar defects; an age of 470 ± 6 Ma for UHP eclogite formation has been obtained from the equiaxial size of APDs in ordered omphacites from Shima, coincident with ages given by single‐zircon U‐Pb dating (471 ± 2 Ma). HRTEM reveals C2/c and P2/n space groups in different parts of one single omphacite crystal, and no exsolution is observed in the studied samples, which is attributed to rapid cooling. It is suggested that the UHP eclogites underwent a long period of annealing at high temperatures, followed by relatively rapid cooling. These data provide valuable information for the formation and exhumation mechanism of UHP eclogites in the Dabie high‐pressure (HP) and UHP metamorphic belt.
Outline of Classical and Current Approaches to the Research of Morphology of Selected Mineral Crystals in China (CD‐ROM)
Authors: Wenkui WANG , Shanrong ZHAO , Xinrong LEI , Youcai WU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe research on morphology of mineral crystals in China includes classical goniometry of 100 minerals such as hsianghualite, orthobrannerite, jamesonite and bertrandite and surface microtopography of 20 minerals such as wolframite and diamond, among which 5 new minerals and 34 uranium minerals were discovered and measured by Chinese mineralogists. These have enriched mineralogy and crystal morphology and strengthened the study of information of morphological genesis.
Rejuvenation of Fossil Sutures and Related Mesozoic Intracontinental Orogenies in South China
Authors: Genyao WU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Huanan (South China) subcontinent was created by amalgamation of the Yangtze, Xianggan, Cathaysia and Zhemin microcontinents by the Guangxi orogeny in the Early Palaeozoic. The closure of the Tethyan Ocean and subsequent collision event outside the amalgamated continent reactivated fossil sutures and resulted in intracontinental (ensialic) orogenies in the Mesozoic. Based on evidence from deformation, molasse and granitoids, the Sichuan‐Guizhou‐Hunan—southern Hubei and Hunan‐Jiangxi‐Fujian Yanshanian fold‐thrust systems and the Lower Yangtze‐northwestern Fujian Indosinian fold‐thrust system are thought to be intracontinental orogens. Their main features are as follows: intracontinental orogenies occurred areally, thrusting propagated towards the interior of the continental, they extend parallelly to the strikes of the fossil sutures, and the details of the temporal‐spatial evolution of the orogens depend on subduction‐collision events.
An Exploration into the West Henan Large Sliding Structure in the South of the North China Plate
Authors: Chuanxi LIU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe West Henan large sliding structure is located in the southern part of the North China plate. It is a planar structural feature of a relatively large scale. To its northwest lie the Taihang Mountains, and to the southwest the Funiu Mountain. In the east it extends between the broad plain and hilly land. Formed in the early Indosinian Period, its main sliding surface is the coal seam II|, with the sliding direction from NW to SE, and a sliding area of about 23,000 km2. Affected by the big sliding, the coal seam II|, in West Henan occurs in the state of powder, and thickens to the SE. Some small penetrating sliding structures were developed over II| in the early Yanshanian Period, causing a disorder on the south border of the North China coal‐accumulating basin in the late Palaeozoic Era. An exploration into the West Henan large sliding structure is of great importance in the geological study.
Tectonic Evolution of an Early Precambrian High‐Pressure Granulite Belt in the North China Craton
Authors: Jianghai LI , KRONER Alfred , Xianglin QIAN , BRIEN P.O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA large‐scale high‐pressure granulite belt (HPGB), more than 700 km long, is recognized within the metamorphic basement of the North China craton. In the regional tectonic framework, the Hengshan‐Chengde HPGB is located in the central collision belt between the western block and eastern block, and represents the deep crustal structural level. The typical high‐pressure granulite (HPG) outcrops are distributed in the Hengshan and Chengde areas. HPGs commonly occur as mafic xenoliths within ductile shear zones, and underwent multipile deformations. To the south, the Hengshan‐Chengde HPGB is juxtaposed with the Wutai greenstone belt by several strike‐slip shear zones. Preliminary isotopic age dating indicates that HPGs from North China were mainly generated at the end of the Neoarchaean, assocaited with tectonic assembly of the western and eastern blocks.
Surface Microtextures of Slipping Zone Soil of Some Landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir District and Their Significance
Authors: Chunjie YAN , Yunzhi SUN , Huiming TANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe mineral assemblage and content and surface microtextures of slipping zone soil of several landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir District have been analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). All the mineral assemblages are similar in these landslides. The main minerals are montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz and feldspar. There are two kinds of surface microtexture in the slipping zone soil, i.e., linear scratches and arcuate scratches. Based on analyses of the changes of the microtextures, one can obtain information about the number, directions and stages of landslide movements. The authors have also studied the mechanism of landslide formation, evaluated the stability of landslides and revival possibility of ancient landslides and forecasted the activity of similar landslides in different districts. The surface microtexture features of stable landslides and mobile landslides are summarized and it is concluded that the existence of filamentous bacteria may result in or increase movements of landslides.
Research on the Application of the Light‐Energy Spectrum Fusion Technique to Land and Resources Survey
Authors: Yingjun ZHAO , Dechang LIU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces how to use remote sensing images including Landsat (MSS and TM) and airborne radioactivity images to identify the type of rocks in the areas covered by vegetation. The relationship between light spectrum (Landsat MSS and TM) and energy spectrum (U, Th and K) is discussed on the basis of correlation analysis, and it is proven that there are correlations between the Landsat MSS or TM data and the U, Th and K data. By using the fusion technique, new images were generated, which contain both the light spectrum and the energy spectrum information.Taking the Lucong basin as the study area, the present paper demonstrates the successful identification of various types of rocks using the fusion technique. Different types of rocks are represented by different colours on the new light‐energy spectrum images, so that volcanic rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods can be discriminated. Another example, in the Lingquan basin in Northeast China, not only the different types of rocks are successfully distinguished, but corrections and modifications are also made on the original geological map after some field investigation. Practice has proven that the light‐energy spectrum fusion technique is a good way in lithologic identification.
Possibility of the Application of the Ultra‐long Electromagnetic Wave Remote Sensor to Marine Geological Exploration
Authors: Guiting HOU , Xianglin QIAN , Shuyuan WANG , Jing SUN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe ultra‐long electromagnetic wave remote sensing technique developed by Peking University is one of new future techniques, which can detect the submarine geological information from the depth of 20 to 10000 m below the surface by receiving natural ultra‐long electromagnetic waves (n Hz to n 100 Hz). The new remote sensor is composed of three parts: a main instrument with a portable computer, an antenna with an amplifier and an external power.The new remote sensing technique is characterized by good stability and reproducibility at the same spot but at different times and high sensitivity and high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and can reveal geological and lithologic boundaries as well as strata and related mineral sources. Two years of marine geological experiments on this technique have indicated that it can solve many problems in marine geological exploration, e.g. the burial depths of sea‐floor mud, Quaternary sediments and submarine structures. This technique can be applied to detecting the sea bed depth and submarine sediment thickness.
Tests on Application of Soil Magnetic and Integrated Gamma Ray TLD and TC Methods to the Exploration of Sandstone‐Type Uranium Deposits
Authors: Ligui ZOU , Jiyun ZHANG , Jun YAN , Shaobin GUAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces the test results of the soil magnetic survey and the integrated gamma‐ray TLD and TC methods for sandstone‐type uranium exploration and describes the prospecting mechanism. The tests have proved that these approaches have yielded good results on classifying the sedimentary facies, defining the redox transitional zones and reflecting deep mineralization information. They may probably become new methods on searching for sandstone‐type uranium deposits.
Petrographic and SHRIMP Studies of Zircons from the Caledonian Xiongdian Eclogite, Northwestern Dabie Mountains
Authors: Ping JIAN , Dunyi LIU , Weiran YANG , WILLIAMS I.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Xiongdian eclogite occurring in the Sujiahe tectonic mélange zone at Luoshan County, Henan Province, in the western Dabie Mountains, is typical high‐pressure (HP)‐ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) and medium‐temperature eclogite. The occurrence, internal texture and surface characteristics of zircons in eclogite were studied rather systematically petrographically combined with the cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. Zircons are mainly hosted in garnet and other metamorphic minerals with sharp boundaries, have a multifaceted morphology and are homogeneous or exhibit a metamorphic growth texture in the interior, thus indicating that they are the product of metamorphism. SHRIMP analyses give zircon 206Pb/238U ages of 335 to 424 Ma and show a certain degree of radiogenic Pb loss; therefore it may be inferred that the age of 424±5 Ma represents the minimum age of a HP‐UHP metamorphic age. From the above analyses coupled with previous Sm‐Nd, 40Ar‐39Ar, U‐Pb and 207Pb/206Pb age data, it is suggested that the peak metamorphic age of the Xiongdian eclogite should be between 424 and 480 Ma. This study further validate the view of the existence of a Caledonian HP‐UHP metamorphic event in the western Dabie Mountains.
Relationship between Mesozoic Magmatism and Subduction in the Da Hinggan‐Yanshan Area
Authors: Ji'an SHAO , Futian LIU , Hui CHEN , Qingjun HAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigh‐resolution tomographic images of the belt crossing the Japan Trench‐Changbai Mountains‐Dong Ujimqin Qi are represented in this paper, revealing the shape of a subducted slab in the western Pacific region and characteristics of the lithospheric structures under the Changbai Mountains and the Da Hinggan Mountains. Studies of the spatial distribution, subduction time and the time‐lag between the subduction and magmatism, combined with petrology and isotope geochemistry of the Late Mesozoic volcano‐plutonic rocks from the Da Hinggan Mountains‐Yanshan Mountains have further proved the independence of magmatic activities from the subduction of the Pacific plate. The Mesozoic tectono‐thermal evolutionary history and structural characteristics of the lithosphere in the Da Hinggan Mountains and North China suggest that the formation and evolution of magma have probably a close relationship with the delamination and thinning of the continental lithosphere and the underplating resulting from the consequent upwelling of the asthenosphere. On the other hand, the large‐scale strike‐slip fault system, resulting from sinistral shearing of the Pacific plate relative to the Asian continent in the Mesozoic, is responsible for the formation and emplacement of magma on the continental margin. It was the intense crust‐mantle interaction, together with structural deformation at the shallower levels that led to the large tectono‐magmatic belt in the East Asian continental margin.
Geochemical Characteristics of a Veinlet Kupferschiefer Profile from the Lubin Mine, Southwestern Poland
Authors: Yuzhuang SUN , PÜTTMANN W. , KUCHA H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the ascending, oxidizing brines play a very important role in Kupferschiefer mineralization. Fractures could be the pathway of the brines. In order to clarify the influences of the brines on bulk organic matter, aromatic hydrocarbons and Kupferschiefer mineralization, one veinlet Kupferschiefer profile from the Lubin mine, southwestern Poland was studied with the microscopic, geochemical and Rock‐Eval methods. The microscopic results indicate that organic matter of the veinlet sample consists dominantly of bitumen. Its extract content is higher than in other samples. The dominant aromatic compounds are naphthalene and alkylated naphthalenes (Na‐PAH), which have migrated into the veinlet sample from other sediments. The content of phenanthrene and its methylated derivatives (Ph‐PAH) is much lower than in other samples. The reason may be due to their heavier mass than Na‐PAH. It is more difficult for Ph‐PAH to migrate. The Na‐PAH was probably removed from the shale by distillation and enriched in fractures because of their relatively low boiling point. The content of biphenyl and alkylated biphenyls (Bi‐PAH) indicates the influence degree of oxidizing fluids. Their content in the veinlet sample is higher than in other sample. The high Tmax value of the veinlet sample also reveals a more intense influence of the oxidizing fluids than in other samples. Besides the higher Tmax value, its HI value is higher than in other samples. One can presume that its original hydrocarbon content should be higher than this value because they could be partly depleted by the brines.Five elements (As, Mo, Co, Ni and Bi) are enriched in the veinlet sample, perhaps due to the higher content of extractable bitumen in the fracture, particularly, the high content of Na‐PAH. The higher concentration of the five selected elements indicates that the Kupferschiefer mineralization of veinlet type occurred after the Kupferschiefer deposition.
Numerical Modelling of Ore‐forming Dynamics of Fractal Dispersive Fluid Systems
Authors: Jun DENG , Yun FANG , Liqiang YANG , Junchen YANG , Zhongshi SUN , Jianping WANG , Shijiang DING , Qingfei WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on an analysis of the fractal structures and mass transport mechanism of typical shear‐fluid‐ore formation system, the fractal dispersion theory of the fluid system was used in the dynamic study of the ore formation system. The model of point‐source diffusive illuviation of the shear‐fluid‐ore formation system was constructed, and the numerical simulation of dynamics of the ore formation system was finished. The result shows that: (1) The metallogenic system have nested fractal structure. Different fractal dimension values in different systems show unbalance and inhomogeneity of ore‐forming processes in the geohistory. It is an important parameter to symbolize the process of remobilization and accumulation of ore‐forming materials. Also it can indicate the dynamics of the metallogenic system quantitatively to some extent. (2) In essence, the fractal dispersive ore‐forming dynamics is a combination of multi‐processes dominated by fluid dynamics and supplemented by molecule dispersion in fluids and fluid‐rock interaction. It changes components and physico‐chemical properties of primary rocks and fluids, favouring deposition and mineralization of ore‐forming materials. (3) Gold ore‐forming processes in different types of shear zones are quite different. (1) In a metallogenic system with inhomogeneous volumetric change and inhomogeneous shear, mineralization occurs in structural barriers in the centre of a shear zone and in geochemical barriers in the shear zone near its boundaries. But there is little possibility of mineralization out of the shear zone. (2) As to a metallogenic system with inhomogeneous volumetric change and simple shear, mineralization may occur only in structural barriers near the centre of the shear zone. (3) In a metallogenic system with homogeneous volumetric change and inhomogeneous shear, mineralization may occur in geochemical barriers both within and out of the shear zone.
Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features, Illinois, USA
Authors: CARPENTER Philip J. , AHMED Shawkat , Xiling Edited By Zhu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKarst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are also highly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of Chicago, Illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally‐enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12‐m depth, as shown by 2‐D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5‐m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.