bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in river ecological functions due to rapid channel alteration processes in two California rivers using the functional flows model, part 2—model applications
Authors: Escobar‐Arias M. I. , Pasternack G. B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study applies the functional flows model (FFM) that integrates hydrogeomorphic processes and ecological functions to assess physical habitat. Functional flows are discharge values that serve ecological uses. The model was adjusted to evaluate gravel‐bed riffle functionality for fall‐run Chinook salmon with respect to river rehabilitation on the Mokelumne River and flood‐induced channel change on the Yuba River. The goal was to test if differences in ecological performance were traceable to differences in hydrogeomorphic conditions. Ecological functions studied were bed occupation (spawning, incubation and emergence) and bed preparation (river bed reworking periods)‐ both reliant on shear stress dynamics. Model outputs included number of days that have functional flows, ranges of functional flows that provide favourable sediment transport stages and the efficiency of a site to produce functional flows. Statistical significance of results was tested using non‐parametric tests. Functional flows analyses before and after geomorphic alteration indicate that river rehabilitation on the lower Mokelume River increased the number of days with functional flows, while the Yuba River May 2005 flood increased the functional ranges of flows for the test sites. Reach‐scale analyses indicated similar ecological performance at reference sites in both rivers. A comparison between both rivers showed that despite a greater geomorphic potential of the Mokelumne River sites to have functional flows, Yuba River sites actually experienced better ecological performance for fall‐run Chinook salmon freshwater life stages due to greater flow availability. The FFM provided an objective tool to assess changes in ecological functionality at hydrogeomorphically dynamic sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time support for HCCA function in IEEE 802.11e networks: a performance evaluation
Authors: Cecchetti Gabriele , Ruscelli Anna Lina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless networks has been recently enhanced with the IEEE 802.11e amendment which introduces Quality of Service support. It provides differentiation mechanisms at the Medium Access Control layer, using two additional access functions: the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) function and the HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) function. Only the HCCA mechanism is suitable for serving traffic streams with real‐time requirements such as multimedia applications and Voice Over IP. The IEEE 802.11e standard does not specify a mandatory HCCA scheduling algorithm, but it offers a reference scheduler as the guideline in the resources scheduling design.In this paper we analyze four HCCA alternative schedulers to the reference one. They offer real‐time guarantees proposing different solutions to the request of QoS and real‐time support expressed by the increasing diffusion of multimedia applications. A performance evaluation is conducted to show the main differences between the considered schedulers, including the reference one.The results show that under several scenarios there is not a unique best scheduler, but there exists a variety of solutions depending on the specified requirements. The conclusions of the paper offer some guidelines in the choice of the scheduler tailored for a particular scenario of interest. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyvalent Display and Packing of Peptides and Proteins on Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Predicted Versus Experimental Results
Authors: Prasuhn Duane E. , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Susumu Kimihiro , Stewart Michael H. , Boeneman Kelly , Blanco‐Canosa Juan B. , Dawson Philip E. , Medintz Igor L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) are loaded with a series of peptides and proteins of increasing size, including a <20 residue peptide, myoglobin, mCherry, and maltose binding protein, which together cover a range of masses from <2.2 to ≈44 kDa. Conjugation to the surface of dihydrolipoic acid‐functionalized QDs is facilitated by polyhistidine metal affinity coordination. Increasing ratios of dye‐labeled peptides and proteins are self‐assembled to the QDs and then the bioconjugates are separated and analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Fluorescent visualization of both conjugated and unbound species allows determination of an experimentally derived maximum loading number. Molecular modeling utilizing crystallographic coordinates or space‐filling structures of the peptides and proteins also allow the predicted maximum loadings to the QDs to be estimated. Comparison of the two sets of results provides insight into the nature of the QD surface and reflects the important role played by the nanoparticle's hydrophilic solubilizing surface ligands. It is found that for the larger protein molecules steric hindrance is the major packing constraint. In contrast, for the smaller peptides, the number of available QD binding sites is the principal determinant. These results can contribute towards an overall understanding of how to engineer designer bioconjugates for both QDs and other nanoparticle materials.
A survey of the research on power management techniques for high‐performance systems
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Zhu Hong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper surveys the research on power management techniques for high‐performance systems. These include both commercial high‐performance clusters and scientific high‐performance computing (HPC) systems. Power consumption has rapidly risen to an intolerable scale. This results in both high operating costs and high failure rates so it is now a major cause for concern. It has imposed new challenges to the development of high‐performance systems. In this paper, we first review the basic mechanisms that underlie power management techniques. Then we survey two fundamental techniques for power management: metrics and profiling. After that, we review the research for the two major types of high‐performance systems: commercial clusters and supercomputers. Based on this, we discuss the new opportunities and problems presented by the recent adoption of virtualization techniques, and again we present the most recent research on this. Finally, we summarize and discuss the future research directions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric Oxide Determines Mesodermic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Activating Class IIa Histone Deacetylases: Potential Therapeutic Implications in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Spallotta Francesco , Rosati Jessica , Straino Stefania , Nanni Simona , Grasselli Annalisa , Ambrosino Valeria , Rotili Dante , Valente Sergio , Farsetti Antonella , Mai Antonello , Capogrossi Maurizio C. , Gaetano Carlo , Illi Barbara 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In human endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO) results in class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) activation and marked histone deacetylation. It is unknown whether similar epigenetic events occur in embryonic stem cells (ESC) exposed to NO and how this treatment could influence ESC therapeutic potential during tissue regeneration.
This study reports that the NO-dependent class IIa HDACs subcellular localization and activity decreases the global acetylation level of H3 histones in ESC and that this phenomenon is associated with the inhibition of Oct4, Nanog, and KLF4 expression. Further, a NO-induced formation of macromolecular complexes including HDAC3, 4, 7, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) have been detected. These processes correlated with the expression of the mesodermal-specific protein brachyury (Bry) and the appearance of several vascular and skeletal muscle differentiation markers. These events were abolished by the class IIa-specific inhibitor MC1568 and by HDAC4 or HDAC7 short interfering RNA (siRNA). The ability of NO to induce mesodermic/cardiovascular gene expression prompted us to evaluate the regenerative potential of these cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. We found that NO-treated ESCs injected into the cardiac left ventricle selectively localized in the ischemic hindlimb and contributed to the regeneration of muscular and vascular structures. These findings establish a key role for NO and class IIa HDACs modulation in ESC mesodermal commitment and enhanced regenerative potential in vivo. STEM CELLS 2010;28:431–442
Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibit Adhesion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implanted into Ischemic Myocardium via Interference of Focal Adhesion Complex
Authors: Song Heesang , Cha Min-Ji , Song Byeong-Wook , Kim Il-Kwon , Chang Woochul , Lim Soyeon , Choi Eun Ju , Ham Onju , Lee Se-Yeon , Chung Namsik , Jang Yangsoo , Hwang Ki-Chul 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The integrity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cardiac regeneration is dependent on cell–cell or cell–matrix adhesion, which is inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in ischemic surroundings after myocardial infarction. Intracellular ROS play a key role in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. This study was designed to investigate the role of ROS on MSC adhesion. In H2O2 treated MSCs, adhesion and spreading were inhibited and detachment was increased in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects were significantly rescued by co-treatment with the free radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 1 mM). A similar pattern was observed on plates coated with different matrices such as fibronectin and cardiogel. Hydrogen peroxide treatment resulted in a marked decrease in the level of focal adhesion-related molecules, such as phospho-FAK and p-Src in MSCs. We also observed a significant decrease in the integrin-related adhesion molecules, αV and β1, in H2O2 treated MSCs. When injected into infarcted hearts, the adhesion of MSCs co-injected with NAC to the border region was significantly improved. Consequently, we observed that fibrosis and infarct size were reduced in MSC and NAC-injected rat hearts compared to in MSC-only injected hearts. These results indicate that ROS inhibit cellular adhesion of engrafted MSCs and provide evidence that the elimination of ROS might be a novel strategy for improving the survival of engrafted MSCs.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Show Stress Defense Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Regulation Similar to Those of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Armstrong Lyle , Tilgner Katarzyna , Saretzki Gabriele , Atkinson Stuart P. , Stojkovic Miodrag , Moreno Ruben , Przyborski Stefan , Lako Majlinda 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has enormous potential for the development of patient-specific regenerative medicine. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are able to defend their genomic integrity by maintaining low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through a combination of enhanced removal capacity and limited production of these molecules. Such limited ROS production stems partly from the small number of mitochondria present in hESC; thus, it was important to determine that human iPSC (hiPSC) generation is able to eliminate the extra mitochondria present in the parental fibroblasts (reminiscent of “bottleneck” situation after fertilization) and to show that hiPSC have antioxidant defenses similar to hESC. We were able to generate seven hiPSC lines from adult human dermal fibroblasts and have fully characterized two of those clones. Both hiPSC clones express pluripotency markers and are able to differentiate in vitro into cells belonging to all three germ layers. One of these clones is able to produce fully differentiated teratoma, whereas the other hiPSC clone is unable to silence the viral expression of OCT4 and c-MYC, produce fully differentiated teratoma, and unable to downregulate the expression of some of the pluripotency genes during the differentiation process. In spite of these differences, both clones show ROS stress defense mechanisms and mitochondrial biogenesis similar to hESC. Together our data suggest that, during the reprogramming process, certain cellular mechanisms are in place to ensure that hiPSC are provided with the same defense mechanisms against accumulation of ROS as the hESC.
The role of reactive oxygen species in the induction of Ty1 retrotransposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Stoycheva Teodora , Pesheva Margarita , Venkov Pencho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHere we provide evidence for a dependence between the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of Ty1 retrotransposition. We have found that the strong activator of Ty1 mobility, methylmethane sulphonate, can not induce Ty1 retrotransposition in cells with compromised mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (rho−; sco1Δ), which is the major source for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The quantitative estimation of superoxide anions in living cells showed that rho+ cells exposed to methylmethane sulphonate increase Ty1 retrotransposition and superoxide levels. The increase of superoxide anions by the superoxide generator menadione is accompanied by induction of Ty1 mobility without any treatment with a DNA‐damaging agent. Higher frequencies of retrotransposition were found in rho+ and rho− cells treated with exogenously added hydrogen peroxide or in cells with disrupted YAP1 gene characterized by increased intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide. These data indicate that increased levels of ROS may have an independent and key role in the induction of Ty1 retrotransposition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic monitoring of fetal development in unrestrained bonobos (Pan paniscus) at the Milwaukee County Zoo
Authors: Drews Barbara , Harmann Leanne M. , Beehler Leann L. , Bell Barbara , Drews Reinhard F. , Hildebrandt Thomas B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe bonobo, Pan paniscus, is one of the most endangered primate species. In the context of the Bonobo Species Survival Plan®, the Milwaukee County Zoo established a successful breeding group. Although the bonobo serves as a model species for human evolution, no prenatal growth curves are available. To develop growth graphs, the animals at the Milwaukee County Zoo were trained by positive reinforcement to allow for ultrasound exams without restraint. With this method, the well being of mother and fetus were maintained and ultrasound exams could be performed frequently. The ovulation date of the four animals in the study was determined exactly so that gestational age was known for each examination. Measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were used to create growth curves. Prenatal growth of P. paniscus was compared with the data of humans and the common chimpanzee, P. troglodytes. With respect to cranial structures, such as BPD and HC, humans have significant acceleration of growth compared with P. paniscus and P. troglodytes. In P. paniscus, growth of AC was similar to HC throughout pregnancy, whereas in humans AC only reaches the level of HC close to term. Growth rate of FL was similar in humans and the two Pan species until near day 180 post‐ovulation. After that, the Pan species FL growth slowed compared with human FL. The newly developed fetal growth curves of P. paniscus will assist in monitoring prenatal development and predicting birth dates of this highly endangered species. Zoo Biol 30:241–253, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making Daddies into Fathers: Community‐based Fatherhood Programs and the Construction of Masculinities for Low‐income African American Men
Authors: Roy Kevin M. , Dyson Omari 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this analysis, we explore how low‐income African American fathers build understandings of successful manhood in the context of community‐based responsible fatherhood programs. Drawing on life history interviews with 75 men in Illinois and Indiana, we explore men's attempts to fulfill normative expectations of fatherhood while living in communities with limited resources. We examine the efforts of community‐based fatherhood programs to shape alternative African American masculinities through facilitation of personal turning points and “breaks with the past,” use of social support and institutional interventions, and the reframing of provision as a priority of successful fatherhood. We refer to Connell's hegemonic masculinity framework (Connell in Masculinities, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995) and discuss how both men and programs borrow from hegemonic and street masculinities to develop alternative approaches to paternal involvement for marginalized men.
Social‐Ecological Influences on Patterns of Substance Use Among Non‐Metropolitan High School Students
Authors: Connell Christian M. , Gilreath Tamika D. , Aklin Will M. , Brex Robert A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPatterns of substance use are examined in a sample of over 1,200 youth in a non‐metropolitan region of New England. Self‐reported history and frequency of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, pain medications, and other hard drug use was assessed for 9th and 10th grade students. Latent class analyses identified four patterns of substance use: non‐users (22%), alcohol experimenters (38%), occasional polysubstance users (29%), and frequent polysubstance users (10%). Contextual risk and protective factors in the individual, family, peer, and community domains predicted substance use patterns. Youth report of peer substance use had the largest effects on substance use class membership. Other individual characteristics (e.g., gender, antisocial behavior, academic performance, perceived harm from use), family characteristics (e.g., parental drinking, parental disapproval of youth use), and community characteristics (e.g., availability of substances) demonstrated consistent effects on substance use classes. Implications for prevention are discussed from a social‐ecological perspective.
Chronic pain following donor nephrectomy – A study of the incidence, nature and impact of chronic post‐nephrectomy pain
Authors: Owen Margaret , Lorgelly Paula , Serpell Mick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChronic pain is a consequence of some types of surgery, but its incidence following open donor nephrectomy has never been investigated. We surveyed 123 patients who underwent open donor nephrectomy at our institution over a 10‐year period, to determine the incidence, severity and nature of chronic pain and its effect on quality of life. Of the 81 (66%) responders, 27 (33%) had experienced prolonged pain, and 21 (26%) still had chronic pain related to their surgery. The overall incidence of severe, disabling pain (visual analogue score ≥7) was 12% and of neuropathic pain was 14%. The average loss in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) was 1.053 for chronic pain sufferers, but was 1.851 for those who suffered specifically from neuropathic pain. Only one third of patients with chronic pain were receiving any treatment, and none were receiving neuropathic adjuvants or specialist pain management interventions. We conclude that the incidence of chronic pain following donor nephrectomy is underestimated and therefore under managed. Given the voluntary and altruistic nature of this procedure, and the enormous personal and social benefits which result from successful donor transplantation, those involved with the preparation and post‐operative management should be more aware of, and actively question donors about chronic pain so that diagnosis and appropriate therapy can be commenced as early as possible.
A REMARK ON PARTIAL SUMS INVOLVING THE MÖBIUS FUNCTION
Authors: TAO TERENCE 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet 〈𝒫〉⊂N be a multiplicative subsemigroup of the natural numbers N={1,2,3,…} generated by an arbitrary set 𝒫 of primes (finite or infinite). We give an elementary proof that the partial sums ∑ n∈〈𝒫〉:n≤x(μ(n))/n are bounded in magnitude by 1. With the aid of the prime number theorem, we also show that these sums converge to ∏ p∈𝒫(1−(1/p)) (the case where 𝒫 is all the primes is a well-known observation of Landau). Interestingly, this convergence holds even in the presence of nontrivial zeros and poles of the associated zeta function ζ𝒫(s)≔∏ p∈𝒫(1−(1/ps))−1 on the line {Re(s)=1}. As equivalent forms of the first inequality, we have ∣∑ n≤x:(n,P)=1(μ(n))/n∣≤1, ∣∑ n∣N:n≤x(μ(n))/n∣≤1, and ∣∑ n≤x(μ(mn))/n∣≤1 for all m,x,N,P≥1.
SIMPLE PROOFS FOR UNIVERSAL BINARY HERMITIAN LATTICES
Authors: PARK POO-SUNG 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIf a positive definite Hermitian lattice represents all positive integers, we call it universal. Several mathematicians, including the author, have between them found 25 universal binary Hermitian lattices. But their ad hoc proofs are complicated. We give simple and unified proofs of universality.
NEIGHBOURHOOD AND THE EXISTENCE OF FRACTIONAL k-FACTORS OF GRAPHS
Authors: ZHOU SIZHONG , PU BINGYUAN , XU YANG 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet G be a graph, and k a positive integer. Let h:E(G)→[0,1] be a function. If ∑ e∋xh(e)=k holds for each x∈V (G), then we call G[Fh] a fractional k-factor of G with indicator function h where Fh={e∈E(G)∣h(e)>0}. In this paper we use neighbourhoods to obtain a new sufficient condition for a graph to have a fractional k-factor. Furthermore, this result is shown to be best possible in some sense.
Absorption of red clover isoflavones in human subjects: results from a pilot study
Authors: Maul Ronald , Kulling Sabine E. 
Published: January 2010

In addition to soya-derived preparations, red clover-based dietary supplements have gained considerable interest as an alternative isoflavone (IF) source. While metabolism and bioavailability of the main IF from both sources have already been investigated, studies are still lacking on the biokinetic behaviour of IF, which are present in red clover in minor amounts. In the present pilot study, in which seven volunteers ingested a single dose of a commercial red clover dietary supplement, we focused on the absorption of three such IF, irilone (IRI), prunetin (PRUN) and pseudobaptigenin (PBAP). The compounds were measured as aglycones after enzymatic hydrolysis. A single intake of an amount of as low as 3·8 mg IRI (out of 38·8 mg IF in total) resulted in an IRI plasma concentration of 0·35 (sd0·16) μmat 6.5 h post-ingestion. Compared to the plasma concentrations found for daidzein (0·39 μm) and genistein (0·06 μm), expected to be the main IF metabolites in plasma, the present findings indicate that IRI might possess a relatively high bioavailability. Furthermore, PRUN and PBAP were detected in human plasma for the first time.
The Red Cross. Its Relationship in Time and Age
Authors: Owens G. 
Published: January 2010

The first, and still the chief, object of the Red Cross is to mitigate the suffering caused by war.Man, from earliest time, has sought to prevent war if possible, and to mitigate its consequences when it does occur. By the “Truce of God” first recorded in 1027, fighting, then recognised as the occupation of a gentleman, was forbidden under ecclesiastical sanctions, from Thursday morning to Sunday night. This is an approach to the outlawing of war. Still older, dating from the Council of Charroux in 980, was the “Peace of God” which declared inviolable during war, the persons of peasants, merchants, and pilgrims and especially of priests, monks and nuns—on whose care the wounded and sick depended at that time.
Recognition of the Mauritanian Red Crescent Society (Circular No. 489 to the Central Committees)
Authors: Naville Marcel A. 
Published: January 2010

We have the honour to inform you that the International Committee of the Red Cross, on 6 June 1973, officially recognized the Mauritanian Red Crescent Society.The new Society formally applied for recognition by the International Committee on 5 March 1973. Its request was supported by its Statutes, the Mauritanian Government Decree recognizing the Mauritanian Red Crescent as a National Society auxiliary to the public authorities, and a report on the Society's activities.