bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the EU AI Act Seeks to Establish an Epistemic Environment of Trust
Authors: Ho Calvin Wai-Loon , Caals Karel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith focus on the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the digital health context, we consider the following questions: How does the European Union (EU) seek to facilitate the development and uptake of trustworthy AI systems through the AI Act? What does trustworthiness and trust mean in the AI Act, and how are they linked to some of the ongoing discussions of these terms in bioethics, law, and philosophy? What are the normative components of trustworthiness? And how do the requirements of the AI Act relate to these components? We first explain how the EU seeks to create an epistemic environment of trust through the AI Act to facilitate the development and uptake of trustworthy AI systems. The legislation establishes a governance regime that operates as a socio-epistemological infrastructure of trust which enables a performative framing of trust and trustworthiness. The degree of success that performative acts of trust and trustworthiness have achieved in realising the legislative goals may then be assessed in terms of statutorily defined proxies of trustworthiness. We show that to be trustworthy, these performative acts should be consistent with the ethical principles endorsed by the legislation; these principles are also manifested in at least four key features of the governance regime. However, specified proxies of trustworthiness are not expected to be adequate for applications of AI systems within a regulatory sandbox or in real-world testing. We explain why different proxies of trustworthiness for these applications may be regarded as ‘special’ trust domains and why the nature of trust should be understood as participatory.
The AI community building the future? A quantitative analysis of development activity on Hugging Face Hub
Authors: Osborne Cailean , Ding Jennifer , Kirk Hannah Rose 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOpen model developers have emerged as key actors in the political economy of artificial intelligence (AI), but we still have a limited understanding of collaborative practices in the open AI ecosystem. This paper responds to this gap with a three-part quantitative analysis of development activity on the Hugging Face (HF) Hub, a popular platform for building, sharing, and demonstrating models. First, various types of activity across 348,181 model, 65,761 dataset, and 156,642 space repositories exhibit right-skewed distributions. Activity is extremely imbalanced between repositories; for example, over 70% of models have 0 downloads, while 1% account for 99% of downloads. Furthermore, licenses matter: there are statistically significant differences in collaboration patterns in model repositories with permissive, restrictive, and no licenses. Second, we analyse a snapshot of the social network structure of collaboration in model repositories, finding that the community has a core-periphery structure, with a core of prolific developers and a majority of isolate developers (89%). Upon removing these isolates from the network, collaboration is characterised by high reciprocity regardless of developers’ network positions. Third, we examine model adoption through the lens of model usage in spaces, finding that a minority of models, developed by a handful of companies, are widely used on the HF Hub. Overall, the findings show that various types of activity across the HF Hub are characterised by Pareto distributions, congruent with open source software development patterns on platforms like GitHub. We conclude with recommendations for researchers, and practitioners to advance our understanding of open AI development.
Anticlastogenic activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria fruit (ELSF) against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in mice
Authors: Kolure Rajini , Penumallu Naveen Reddy , Thakur Sneha , De Somnath , Boddu Suhasini , Vinaitheerthan Nachammai , Godela Ramreddy , Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo investigate the potential of ethanolic extracts of Lagenaria siceraria fruit (ELSF) in protecting against cyclophosphamide (CP)—induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study used a pre-treatment approach with ELSF given orally to the animals at two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 days straight. The CP induction group was given prior treatment for 14 days with ELSF (100 and 200 mg/kg) and the positive control group received an i.p (single intraperitoneal) cyclophosphamide dose (40 mg/kg) as the induction agent. The frequency of CP-induced micronuclei and damage to DNA was assessed as hallmark in bone marrow cells isolated form mouse. Study findings revealed that ELSF pre-treatment significantly lowered the frequency of CP-induced micronuclei and DNA damage in mouse bone marrow cells. The suppression effect as protectant was observed at both doses of ELSF (100 and 200 mg/kg). The study demonstrated that ELSF has potential chemoprotective properties against CP-induced genotoxicity. The findings suggest that ELSF could be a natural and safe approach to protecting healthy cells from the harmful effects of chemotherapy. Further clinical investigation warrants the ameliorative potential of ELSF in cancer treatment.
Graphical abstract
Effect of ZnO nanoparticle on combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine powered by lemongrass biodiesel: an experimental approach
Authors: Gowthaman S. , Anu Karthi Swaghatha A. I. , Thangavel K. , Muthulakshmi L. , Paramasivam Prabhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiodiesel (BD) is one of the efficient alternative fuels for diesel engines (DE) which can be employed sans any modifications. The present study is focused on the extraction of BD from a lemongrass plant and analyzing combustion, efficiency, and emission characteristics of the DE by adding NPs at different concentrations to reduce both hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and NOx emissions simultaneously from the DE. The fuel samples were prepared by adding different dosages of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with neat lemongrass biodiesel (LGB) such as 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 250 ppm per liter. From the results, it is found that the properties of BD were improved by the addition of ZnO NPs and it increased oxygen concentration in the sample resulting in better combustion and lower exhaust pollutants. The DE tested with the LGB + 150 ppm sample has registered maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower specific fuel combustion (SFC) for all loading conditions compared to other samples. The value of heat release rate (HRR) and in-cylinder pressure are higher for LGB + 150 ppm due to its specific properties compared to other LGB blends. The presence of ZnO NPs in LGB has reduced harmful emissions from the DE such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke by 4.01%, 5.56%, and 19.01%, when compared to neat LGB.
Qualitative Analysis of Inquiries Received by FDA Regarding Conduct of Clinical Trials during the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency
Authors: Kambere Marijo , Vu Hong , Kappel Dana , Oh Kukhwa , Budashewitz Philip , Concato John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This report describes the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) experience in establishing a dedicated mailbox, and in publishing related guidance, to address concerns among interested parties regarding the conduct of clinical trials during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE).

Methods
Six hundred and thirty-four mailbox inquiries were received from March 2020 through February 2022. Qualitative methods were used to provide a structured description of, and identify common themes among, these inquiries.

Results
Most inquiries came from U.S.-based interested parties, including sponsors, industry trade associations, academic institutions, hospitals, clinics, research sites, trial participants, and individual persons. Approximately one-fifth of questions were related directly to COVID-19 (e.g., proposals for treatment); other inquiries were related to conduct of routine trial-related activities, and concerns were often focused on maintaining compliance with good clinical practice. In March 2020, FDA published a guidance titled Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency; the document was subsequently revised eight times based in part on issues raised in mailbox inquiries.

Conclusions
The dedicated mailbox enabled expedited communication among invested parties during the COVID-19 PHE; FDA also provided updates of the aforementioned guidance. These efforts supported the continuance of ongoing trials and the initiation of new trials during the PHE in accordance with good clinical practice guidelines, thereby helping to ensure the safety of trial participants while maintaining the quality of trial data. By soliciting and responding to trial-related inquiries and addressing corresponding needs and concerns, FDA improved transparency and communication.
Does corruption affect development outcomes differently in sub-Saharan Africa? Fresh evidence from Ghana
Authors: Forson Joseph Ato 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates that the effect of corruption on development might be dissimilar depending on how development is perceived. This study uses the linear and nonlinear ARDL bounds test estimation technique to cointegration with annual time series data (1980–2023 for WDI and 1995–2023 for Transparency International). Thus, the symmetric analysis reveals that corruption stimulates economic development in the long run; but in the short run, the effect is negative. However, the effect of corruption on sustainability is consistently negative in the short and long runs. The asymmetric analysis establishes a strong effect of corruption and corruption controls on economic development in the long run but with a weak effect in the short run. Yet, on sustainability, corruption has a weak consequence on genuine wealth per capita in the short run, but the long-run asymmetric effect is inconclusive. Governments in Africa, particularly Ghana must pay serious attention to the SDGs with recourse to the expedition of trial on environmental-related corruption cases. Strict adherence to environmental policies by MNEs must also be encouraged to stem the tide of the greenhouse effect (GHG).
Exploring ocean pH dynamics via a mathematical modeling with the Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Naik Manisha Krishna , Baishya Chandrali , Premakumari R. N. , Veeresha P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal warming is a complex problem with far-reaching global implications. One of its notable repercussions is the escalation of $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

levels in the atmosphere, resulting in the phenomenon known as Ocean Acidification (OA). In this research, we have established a correlation between four key factors: marine species, human population, $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

levels, and ocean pH. By formulating a Caputo fractional differential equation, we investigated the dynamics of these variables to evaluate the significance of this climatic phenomenon. The model analysis reveals that the rise in anthropogenic $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

emissions causes a reduction in the ocean’s pH level and increases OA. This process, in turn, decreases the ocean’s ability to absorb $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

, making it less effective in mitigating climate change. In this study, it was demonstrated that elevated levels of $$CO_2$$

C

O
2

result in a reduction in pH levels, which in turn causes a decrease in the population of marine species that play a critical role in numerous economic sectors such as tourism, aquaculture, and fisheries. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the influence exerted by the intrinsic growth rate of the human population. We examined various theoretical aspects, including the assessment of existence and uniqueness. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of key parameters on the dynamics of the system using the generalized Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method.
Investigating primary pre-service teachers' perceptions of nonfiction picturebooks
Authors: Muela Diana , Tabernero Rosa , Hernández Lucía 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the factors contributing to the imbalance between fiction and nonfiction materials in primary school classrooms, with a specific emphasis on the perspectives of prospective teachers. Employing a qualitative research approach, the investigation involved 30 student teachers who had completed the Children’s Literature course at a Spanish university. Semi-structured interviews, with questions validated by expert judges, were utilized to gather responses, which were subsequently transcribed and analyzed through coding, following a categorical framework refined post-response analysis. The primary findings indicate a restricted exposure to nonfiction picturebooks in familial and educational settings. Despite positive emotional responses from trainee teachers, the study reveals an inadequacy in their training, hindering the development of a comprehensive understanding and the reinforcement of self-efficacy for integrating nonfiction materials into future teaching practices. Furthermore, the research underscores a disparity between the perceived significance of nonfiction picturebooks for enhancing children’s multimodal reading and the inclination of trainee teachers to prioritize fiction due to a lack of confidence and previous exposure. As a result, the study proposes a reassessment of teacher training programs, recommending a more thorough focus on nonfiction materials and continuous professional development to address the disparity between beliefs and actual classroom practices.
Microbiological quality of ready-to-eat street foods in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Barreira Maria J. , Marcos Silvia , Flores Cristina V. , Lopes Teresa T. , Moura Isabel B. , Correia Cristina B. , Saraiva Margarida , Batista Rita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStreet food sector is an important component of the food distribution system in many cities. However, foods exposed for sale on the roadside are generally associated with conditions that favors its potential microbiological contamination. In this study, the microbiological quality of 118 ready-to-eat street foods sold in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal was evaluated. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were used as spoilage/hygiene indicators. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and E. coli pathotypes implicated in gastrointestinal disease were used as food safety/hygiene indicators. Thirty-five (29.7%) of the samples were classified as satisfactory, 29 (24.6%) as questionable and 51 (43.2%) as unsatisfactory. Three samples (2.6%) were unsatisfactory/ potentially dangerous, due to the presence of the L. monocytogenes > 102 cfu/g and/or B. cereus > 105 and/or CPS > 104. B. cereus genes encoding causative toxins were detected in the strains isolated from two samples containing > 105 cfu/g. Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens and pathogenic E. coli were not detected in any of the examined samples. CPS was detected in 26.3% of the samples.A significant relationship between microbiological quality and food groups, with the increase of questionable and unsatisfactory classifications for those samples including raw components, like fruits and vegetables, was observed (Fisher-Freeman-Halton = 29.01, p < 0.001). The obtained data highlights for the need of education and training of street-food vendors to improve the food safety management system in the place of sale.
Analysis of Emotional Tendency of Tourism Consumers Based on LSTM and Fuzzy Control Algorithm
Authors: Meng Wei , Ji Dajie , Wang Haoxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLearning the emotional tendency of travelers improves their interests and provide optimal traveling recommendations. This, however, requires large volumes of data such as travel plans, visit sites, personal interests, value for money, etc. for a detailed analysis. For ease of such analysis, in this article, an organized combinational control method (OC2M) is proposed. This method relies on conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) and fuzzy control (FC) to support such analysis. The first is responsible for filtering non-repeated data from the previous travel/ tour history reducing the data discreteness. This is organized non-recurrently to prevent outdated/ trivial data from influencing the consumer’s emotional learning. The FC process filters the adaptable data with the future tour/ travel plan for providing optimal recommendations that are liable to the consumer’s emotional tendency. This is identified based on the user's interest, preferences, and emotional connectivity with the place or plan from previous histories. Therefore, the proposed method improves the recommendation and validation tendencies of the consumer’s travel plan accordingly.
Optimization-Based Fuzzy System Application on Deformation of Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
Authors: Dou Huiru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen it comes to the geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures’ structural design, the analysis of deformation is of the highest relevance. In spite of this, the academic literature lays a substantial amount of attention on the potential of artificial intelligence approaches in efficiently addressing the many challenges that are faced in geotechnical engineering. The investigation of the possible use of approaches based on machine learning for the purpose of forecasting the geogrid-reinforced soil structures’ deformation ($${\text{Dis}}$$
Dis
) was the major focus of this study. These efforts are made to reduce the time and cost of numerical modeling. This study aimed to enable computers to learn patterns and insights from data to make accurate predictions or decisions about unseen data. This paper introduces novel systems that coupled the Beluga whale optimizer ($${\text{BWH}}$$
BWH
), Henry gas solubility optimization ($${\text{HGSO}}$$
HGSO
), gannet optimization algorithm ($${\text{GOA}}$$
GOA
), and Harris hawks optimizer ($${\text{HHO}}$$
HHO
) with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ($${\text{ANFIS}}$$
ANFIS
). A dataset was created by gathering 166 finite element analyses accomplished in the literature. Between four $${\text{ANFIS}}$$
ANFIS
systems, the integrated one with $${\text{GOA}}$$
GOA
got the largest accuracy value, accounting for 0.9841 and 0.9895 in the train and test stages, better than $${\text{ANF}}_{{{\text{BWH}}}}$$

ANF
BWH

, followed by $${\text{ANF}}_{{{\text{HH}}}}$$

ANF
HH

. It was seen from $${\text{U}}_{{{95}}} { }$$

U
95

that the $${\text{ANF}}_{{{\text{GOA}}}} { }$$

ANF
GOA

scenario exhibits the least level of uncertainty in comparison to other models, hence demonstrating its greater capacity for generalization. Between four $${\text{ANFIS}}$$
ANFIS
systems, the most accurate system with the lowest $${\text{OBJ}}$$
OBJ
value is $${\text{ANF}}_{{{\text{GOA}}}}$$

ANF
GOA

at 2.6098, followed by $${\text{ANF}}_{{{\text{BWH}}}}$$

ANF
BWH

at 2.8002. Sensitivity analysis depicts that removing the surcharge $$\left( q \right)$$

q

parameter from the input group has a considerable negative impact on output accuracy.
Heavy metal and mineral analysis of cultivated seaweeds from Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh: a human health risk implication
Authors: Bhuyan Md. Simul , Kunda Mrityunjoy , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Senapathi Venkatramanan , Husain Sk. Abid , Chowdhury Enam , Ali Mir Mohammad , Pandit Debasish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeaweeds are grown for their use in food and other sectors, however heavy metals (HMs) contamination raises serious issues for the environment and public health. This study focuses on seaweed samples (Hypnea musciformes and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) collected from the Rezu Khal seaweed culture site, Cox’s Bazar coast, Bangladesh. HMs and minerals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Among the elements examined, H. musciformes displayed the highest mean concentrations of minerals and HMs, including Magnesium (Mg) (8663.00 ± 2302.06 mg/kg), Copper (Cu) (10.59 ± 1.61 mg/kg), Iron (Fe) (7566.29 ± 2842.47 mg/kg), Manganese (Mn) (9.93 ± 2.88 mg/kg), Zinc (Zn) (29.54 ± 7.51 mg/kg), and Nickel (Ni) (11.77 ± 2.63 mg/kg). Conversely, G. lemaneiformis exhibited the highest levels of Calcium (Ca) (798.14 ± 143.40 mg/kg), Lead (Pb) (3.91 ± 1.74 mg/kg), and Chromium (Cr) (0.59 ± 0.30 mg/kg). Specifically, Mg was prominently abundant in H. musciformes, while Cawas more prevalent in G. lemaneiformis. Both seaweed types contained Pb and Cr. None of the elements was significantly different between the species (p < 0.05). The consumers are not exposed to any carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks related to these concentrations, according to the evaluation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.
A viscous effect of wave attractor in geometry with underwater peak
Authors: Elistratov Stepan , But Ivan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe influence of the viscosity on a wave attractor flow has been previously studied, particularly in relation to the widening of the hydrodynamical structures. In this work, we simulate an attractor flow with a peculiar bottom shape that includes an underwater hill. During the simulation, we discovered a side structure appearing beyond the wave attractor. We determined that the appearance of this structure is connected to viscosity. In this article, we consider the behavior of this newly found structure. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of energy accumulation and the estimation of the Reynolds number, which is a non-trivial problem in the context of wave attractor flows.
Rectal duplication in adult presented with constipation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tantiphlachiva Kasaya , Sirimongkolkasem Jarongkorn , Patcharatrakul Tanisa , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Manasayakorn Sopark , Vongsaisuwan Mawin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Rectal duplication is a rare congenital disease which is mostly diagnosed during childhood. Diagnosis in adulthood could be obscured as the presenting symptoms including difficult defecation, bloating, and abdominal distension would lead to other diagnosis. Constipation is common in female adult and conservative treatment is usually successful. Refractory constipation requires further work-up. However, rectal duplication is a rare cause of adult constipation.

Methods
We reported a 42-year-female who presented with chronic constipation which became intractable after total abdominal hysterectomy. Barium enema, CT scan, and colonoscopy revealed an additional rectal pouch connecting to the native rectum containing large fecaloma. Anorectal manometry showed dyssynergic defecation, rectal hyposensitivity but presence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex.

Results
Transabdominal resection of the rectal duplication pouch and protective colostomy was performed. After a course of biofeedback, the colostomy was reversed. The patient remains healthy at 4 years of follow up.

Conclusion
Rectal duplication could be a cause of refractory constipation in adulthood. A collection of fecal material via a connection with the native rectum led to a large symptomatic fecaloma.