bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprints of light dark matter on the evolution of cosmic neutrinos
Authors: Wang Isaac R. , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neutrinos are often considered as a portal to new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and might possess phenomenologically interesting interactions with dark matter (DM). This paper examines the cosmological imprints of DM that interacts with and is produced from SM neutrinos at temperatures below the MeV scale. We take a model-independent approach to compute the evolution of DM in this framework and present analytic results which agree well with numerical ones. Both freeze-in and freeze-out regimes are included in our analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the thermal evolution of neutrinos might be substantially affected by their interaction with DM. We highlight two distinctive imprints of such DM on neutrinos: (i) a large, negative contribution to N
eff, which is close to the current experimental limits and will readily be probed by future experiments; (ii) spectral distortion of the cosmic neutrino background (CνB) due to DM annihilating into neutrinos, a potentially important effect for the ongoing experimental efforts to detect CνB.
The separate-universe approach and sudden transitions during inflation
Authors: Jackson Joseph H.P. , Assadullahi Hooshyar , Gow Andrew D. , Koyama Kazuya , Vennin Vincent , Wands David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The separate-universe approach gives an intuitive way to understand the evolution of
cosmological perturbations in the long-wavelength limit. It uses solutions of the
spatially-homogeneous equations of motion to model the evolution of the inhomogeneous universe on
large scales. We show that the separate-universe approach fails on a finite range of super-Hubble
scales at a sudden transition from slow roll to ultra-slow roll during inflation in the very early
universe. Such transitions are a feature of inflation models giving a large enhancement in the
primordial power spectrum on small scales, necessary to produce primordial black holes after
inflation. We show that the separate-universe approach still works in a piece-wise fashion, before
and after the transition, but spatial gradients on finite scales require a discontinuity in the
homogeneous solution at the transition. We discuss the implications for the δN formalism
and stochastic inflation, which employ the separate-universe approximation.
The Adjustment Analysis Method of the Active Surface Antenna Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ban You , Shi Shang , Wang Na , Xu Qian , Feng Shufei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Active surface technique is one of the key technologies to ensure the reflector accuracy of the millimeter/submillimeter wave large reflector antenna. The antenna is complex, large-scale, and high-precision equipment, and its active surfaces are affected by various factors that are difficult to comprehensively deal with. In this paper, based on the advantage of the deep learning method that can be improved through data learning, we propose the active adjustment value analysis method of large reflector antenna based on deep learning. This method constructs a neural network model for antenna active adjustment analysis in view of the fact that a large reflector antenna consists of multiple panels spliced together. Based on the constraint that a single actuator has to support multiple panels (usually 4), an autonomously learned neural network emphasis layer module is designed to enhance the adaptability of the active adjustment neural network model. The classical 8-meter antenna is used as a case study, the actuators have a mean adjustment error of 0.00252 mm, and the corresponding antenna surface error is 0.00523 mm. This active adjustment result shows the effectiveness of the method in this paper.
Decomposition strategy for surface EMG with few channels: a simulation study
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Jiang Li , Yang Bangchu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. In the specific use of electromyogram (EMG) driven prosthetics, the user’s disability reduces the space available for the electrode array. We propose a framework for EMG decomposition adapted to the condition of a few channels (less than 30 observations), which can elevate the potential of prosthetics in terms of cost and applicability. Approach. The new framework contains a peel-off approach, a refining strategy for motor unit (MU) spike train and MU action potential and a re-subtracting strategy to adapt the framework to few channels environments. Simulated EMG signals were generated to test the framework. In addition, we quantify and analyze the effect of strategies used in the framework. Main results. The results show that the new algorithm has an average improvement of 19.97% in the number of MUs identified compared to the control algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the usage strategies shows that the re-subtracting and refining strategies can effectively improve the performance of the framework under the condition of few channels. Significance. These prove that the new framework can be applied to few channel conditions, providing a optimization space for neural interface design in cost and user adaptation.
PyHFO: lightweight deep learning-powered end-to-end high-frequency oscillations analysis application
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Liu Lawrence , Ding Yuanyi , Chen Xin , Monsoor Tonmoy , Daida Atsuro , Oana Shingo , Hussain Shaun , Sankar Raman , Fallah Aria , Santana-Gomez Cesar , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard J , Speier William , Zhang Jianguo , Nariai Hiroki , Roychowdhury Vwani 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to develop and validate an end-to-end software platform, PyHFO, that streamlines the application of deep learning (DL) methodologies in detecting neurophysiological biomarkers for epileptogenic zones from EEG recordings. Approach. We introduced PyHFO, which enables time-efficient high-frequency oscillation (HFO) detection algorithms like short-term energy and Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital detectors. It incorporates DL models for artifact and HFO with spike classification, designed to operate efficiently on standard computer hardware. Main results. The validation of PyHFO was conducted on three separate datasets: the first comprised solely of grid/strip electrodes, the second a combination of grid/strip and depth electrodes, and the third derived from rodent studies, which sampled the neocortex and hippocampus using depth electrodes. PyHFO demonstrated an ability to handle datasets efficiently, with optimization techniques enabling it to achieve speeds up to 50 times faster than traditional HFO detection applications. Users have the flexibility to employ our pre-trained DL model or use their EEG data for custom model training. Significance. PyHFO successfully bridges the computational challenge faced in applying DL techniques to EEG data analysis in epilepsy studies, presenting a feasible solution for both clinical and research settings. By offering a user-friendly and computationally efficient platform, PyHFO paves the way for broader adoption of advanced EEG data analysis tools in clinical practice and fosters potential for large-scale research collaborations.
Simulation study on hydraulic characteristics of Changzhou fishway based on FLUENT
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ruan Tianpeng , Xu Tingxin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Guangxi Changzhou Fishway is the first significant water conservancy project above the mouth of the Pearl River and also the first large fishway independently designed in China. It is the primary migration channel for six kinds of state-level protected fish, such as Chinese sturgeon and a typical vertical slit fishway. This paper takes the Changzhou fishway as the research object, based on the theory of fluid mechanics, and adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis, experimental research, and numerical simulation to study the flow field of different water depths in the pond. The analysis results show that the upper water flow has a larger resting area than the lower water flow, and the fishway has a rich flow field distribution and can produce “S” shaped meandering flow characteristics. The research results provide some reference for the design of vertical fishways.
Simulation on stirling reverse osmosis desalination power system
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Longfei , Qu Xingchuang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, a new power system based on the Stirling engine and hydraulic free piston engine is proposed to provide power for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. First, the design of the Stirling free piston RO desalination power system was carried out, and the size parameters of the main structures such as the regenerator, heater, cooler, power piston, and valve distribution piston were obtained. A physical model was established to simulate the process of the Stirling engine driving the RO desalination power system based on finite element CFD. The flow field distribution cloud map and output power of the Stirling engine were analyzed. The results indicate that the gas motion of the Stirling engine is stable, and the entire power system can operate normally.
Impact radius of light oil pipeline leakage under different operating conditions
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Zhang Shuxin , Gong Yanshuang , Xie Shuyi , Wu Chao , Tan Chuanjiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the impact range of pipeline leaks for light oil pipelines under different operating conditions. Three different calculation methods were employed to study the influence of various factors, including obstacle height, wind speed, leak hole diameter, and slope, on the leak impact range of flowing fires, pool fires, and overpressure waves. The results indicate that the impact range decreases as the height of obstacles increases. The most significant decrease occurs when obstacles are 2 meters high, and further increasing the obstacle height leads to a less pronounced decrease. Wind speed has a complex influence on the impact range. For flowing fires, the impact range initially increases and then decreases with higher wind speeds. For pool fires, a higher wind speed leads to a larger impact range, while for overpressure waves, higher wind speeds result in a smaller impact range. Larger leak hole diameters lead to larger impact ranges for both fire radiation and overpressure waves. Increasing the environmental slope has a slight effect on the impact range. Sensitivity analysis indicates that wind speed has the most significant impact, followed by leak hole diameter, while the environmental slope has the least influence on the impact range.
Analysis of enhanced thermal transmission mechanism with microstructures by field synergy theory
Authors: Yuan Ding , Li Zhujun , Liu Yifei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study numerically examines the impact of oblique ribs and staggered herringbone microstructures on the heat transfer performance of microchannels. The results indicate that the Nux
values of the oblique rib (Type A) and staggered herringbone (Type B) microchannels exhibit significantly higher performance compared to smooth rectangular (Type C) microchannels. The oblique ribs and staggered herringbone microstructures improve heat transfer efficiency along the flowing direction, leading to an evident increase followed by horizontal fluctuations in Nux
. In contrast, the Nux
of Type C without microstructures decreases significantly at the inlet and subsequently remains relatively constant. The bottom temperature Tw
of Type A and B are lower than the temperature of Type C. The results of field cooperation analysis indicate that the synergistic fields of the oblique ribs microchannels primarily exist along both sidewalls, while they are present at the fluid center for the staggered herringbone microchannels. Type A exhibits a slightly stronger heat transfer effect despite having a smaller synergistic area compared to Type B.
Free motion characteristics of the ventilated supercavitating vehicles
Authors: Zou Wang , Gan Hanyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Supercavitation theory and technology are important methods for reducing the drag of underwater vehicles to achieve motion with high speed. A ventilated supercavitating vehicle can break the limitation of natural supercavitation on speed and ambient pressure and has broad application prospects. The presence of hydrodynamic forces only at the head and tail restricts the significant improvement of the motion performance of the vehicle. Therefore, this study improves the dynamic model of a supercavitating vehicle using a self-developed shear-layer gas loss model and simulates the vehicle’s level-free motions to reveal the motion characteristics and hydrodynamic distribution characteristics. Further, the effects of the cavitator as an important control surface on motion characteristics are analyzed by changing the cavitator diameter in numerical simulations. The results lay a theoretical foundation for designing control surfaces and motion control systems for the vehicle.
Integrated heat dissipation mechanism design of electronic equipment cabinet based on flow and sound analysis
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Chen Kui , Cai Yongqing , Tian Xingyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The electronic equipment cabinet is the main bearing platform of radar back equipment, normally using a forced convection cooling form. With the continuous increase of radar function and processing capacity, the total heat consumption of electronic equipment is getting higher and higher, and the fan speed is constantly increasing. Besides the noise of electronic equipment cabinet shows a trend of gradually increasing. To reduce cabinet noise from the source, this paper presents three structural forms of integrated heat dissipation mechanism, and uses FloEFD fluid heat transfer analysis software and COMSOL acoustic module to analyze the cabinet flow field and the cabinet sound field respectively. By comparing the cabinet noise characteristics under different structural forms, the analysis results show that the noise reduction effect of bilateral air duct structure is best.
Simulation of regular wave impact on beam-plate structure on a slope
Authors: Jin Feng , Xu Dabao , Lin Wenshun , Zhang Chenjuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to study the peculiarities of wave slamming on beam-plate structures on a slope, two-dimensional numerical models of regular waves have been developed on the basis of the FLUENT software. Firstly, the validity of the numerical wave flume was verified. Then, with plentiful simulations, the parametric studies were performed for different wave steepness, structure geometry, and the distance between the underside of the horizontal plate and the still water level. The effects of the three parameters on the impact pressure and vertical velocities were investigated. Lastly, the statistical relationship between the waves’ impact pressures and the corresponding flow velocities was investigated. The results had a certain significance to the further understanding of the mechanism of the impact of the waves.
Numerical simulation of two-dimensional plain flap ground effect based on NACA4412 airfoil
Authors: Xiao Yanping , Wang Furui , Sun Peiyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the NACA4412 airfoil, by solving a two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged N-S equation and using the k-ωSST model, this paper analyzes the influence of near-ground altitude change on different configuration flow fields under moving ground conditions and explores the variation law of wing pressure coefficient at different near-ground altitudes. The results show that the attraction of the upper airfoil is weakened by the GE (ground effect), the pressure of the lower airfoil is increased, and the upper and lower airfoils influence the lift change of the airfoil. With the decrease of near-ground altitude, at a certain AOA (angle of attack), the greater the flap angle is, the faster the suction loss on the upper wing surface is and the slower the pressure increases on the lower wing surface, and the lower the near-ground altitude corresponding to the minimum lift coefficient is. With the decrease of near-ground altitude, at a certain flap angle, the greater the AOA is, the faster the suction loss on the upper wing surface is and the slower the pressure increases on the lower wing surface, and the lower the near-earth altitude corresponding to the minimum lift coefficient is.
Optimization method for renewable energy investment planning in the electricity carbon coupling market environment considering economy
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zhang Ou , Shi Jing , Gu Zheng , Li Dongxue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
China is developing rapidly in renewable energy development, electricity market reform, and carbon market construction, using market mechanisms for efficient planning and investment. The electricity and carbon markets are interrelated for market entities. This context has led to a dual-level optimization model for renewable energy investment planning, considering cost recovery and new power system goals. The model includes deriving electricity carbon coupling quotations for conventional units based on dynamic carbon emission characteristics and proposing an electricity spot market mechanism influenced by carbon quota trading. The model’s upper level maximizes renewable energy investment capacity, determining its size and location, while the lower level simulates electricity spot and voluntary emission reduction market trading to guide investment decisions. The model transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem for optimal solutions was validated numerically, examining various factors affecting optimal renewable energy investment capacity.
Flexible Load Optimization Operation Method for Integrated Energy Systems in Parks Considering Demand Response
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhao Deren , Yu Changle , Li Wenwen , Zhang Su , Kong Deping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ongoing advancements in energy technology are progressively unveiling the high energy utilization benefits of comprehensive energy systems (CIES) in parks. Based on the concept of an energy hub, a CIES model including distributed power supply, gas turbine, and flexible loads is constructed by combining the characteristics of flexible loads in the park that can be leveled, shifted, and curtailed. In light of the demand response mechanism, a method for the low-carbon economic optimization operation of CIES has been developed, focusing on minimizing the total cost. This method utilizes the CPLEX solver to process the algorithm. The approach involves a comparative analysis of load distribution before and after engaging in demand response activities. Such analysis is crucial in understanding the influence of the demand fluctuations mechanism and in determining the most efficient method for adjusting flexible loads. This adjustment aims to further reduce the system costs of CIES. The findings indicate that, under the demand response mechanism, the involvement of flexible loads in CIES operations can significantly enhance the system’s economic efficiency.
Optimization Scheme for Energy Storage Capacity of Large Grid Connected with Wind Farm in New Power System
Authors: Han Xingning , Wan Lu , Peng Zhuyi , Xu Sixuan , Qi Wanchun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, our foremost focus was on mitigating the significant impacts on system frequency due to power output variations from large-scale wind farms integrated into the grid. We conducted in-depth simulations using Matlab to meticulously analyze the relationship between the output power of wind turbines and wind speed. Taking into account the power features of wind turbines and the probability distribution of wind velocities, we proposed an innovative calculation method to determine the energy storage requirements to maintain consistent and stable output from wind energy systems over long durations. By rigorously testing with real wind farm data, the feasibility of this method was validated, highlighting its pivotal role as a reference in future wind power project designs.
Human Rights
Authors: Williams Abiodun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChapter 4 focuses on Kofi Annan’s promotion and elevation of human rights in the work of the UN. It examines his vision for human rights; the use of the moral authority of the Secretary-Generalship in support of human rights; and mainstreaming human rights within the organization. He believed that democracy provides an environment for the protection and realization of human rights, and that the UN should nurture the conditions of democracy rather than fixate on its forms. He persuaded member states to create the Human Rights Council, alongside the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council, in order to establish human rights at their proper level within the system. The chapter includes a case study of his response to a human rights crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in his first year as Secretary-General, and his efforts to ensure respect for human rights during the campaign against terrorism after the 9/11 attacks in the US.
9/11, Afghanistan, and Iraq
Authors: Williams Abiodun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChapter 6 explains how Kofi Annan dealt with three major crises during his tenure: the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Afghanistan, and the US invasion of Iraq. In the wake of 9/11 he tried to preserve the moral authority of the Secretary-Generalship while negotiating a treacherous political terrain. After 9/11, the salience of terrorism as an international issue spiked dramatically. He played a critical role in developing the UN’s first Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. He tried to dissuade the US from unilateral military action against Iraq and to preserve unity on the Security Council. During the Iraq crisis, Annan was caught between the conflicting interests of the permanent members of the Security Council, as well as two superpowers: the US and world public opinion. The invasion of Iraq led to deep and bitter division of the international community. The UN is the creature of a political world, and, if the UN is found wanting, that is symptomatic of wider fault lines in global politics.
The Translation of Recovery-Oriented Social Work Practice in Child and Youth Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Reid Katherine , Olsen Alexandra , Farwa Aniqa , Dalziel Matt , Wyder Marianne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recovery-oriented practice has become taken for granted and seen as the most ideal way of working for social workers alongside other allied health practitioners in the mental health field. Recovery-oriented practice is defined as a person-centred and strengths-based approach, providing interventions, as well as facilitating environmental and multidisciplinary resources to support the individual’s independence. The applicability of recovery in a child and youth mental health (CYMH) context, however, continues to be questioned. Although some research has explored what recovery means for young people, there is scant literature that examines how recovery-oriented practice is enacted when working with children and their families. This scoping review, guided by the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework explores how recovery is conceptualised and translated into practice with children aged two to twelve years who have identified ‘mental health concerns’ and their families. Qualitative and grey literature from the last twenty years was thematically analysed. The findings highlight the primacy placed on global recovery-oriented principles and expose the superficial articulation of the application of recovery-oriented practice with children. Findings underscore the need to critically investigate how social workers enact recovery approaches when working in a clinical CYMH setting, dominated by the medical model which prioritises evidence-based intervention and marginalises children’s knowledge.