bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifestation der Poetik: Osip Mandel’štams „Razgovor o Dante“ als literarisches Kunstwerk und poetologischer Essay
Authors: Burghardt Anja 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This paper investigates Mandel’shtam’s „Разговор о Данте“ both as a piece of literature and as a poetological work. It is argued that the structure of the text allows for an insight in some of the rather abstract notions, first and foremost the notion of “poetical matter” (“poeticheskaia materiia”). Mandel’shtam’s idiosyncratic discussion of Dante’s “Divine comedy”, it is argued, highlights the way in which reality leaves its traits or rather is integrated in a literary text in such a way that it can be brought to life again, at least by an active reader. Apart from the interplay between reality and poetry, the text’s imagery opens a deeper understanding of Mandel’shtam’s poetics in his later poems, i. e. the poems of the 1930s.
Juliusz Słowackis Drama „Mazepa“ im ukrainischen und russischen Kontext
Authors: Woldan Alois 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Juliusz Słowacki’s play “Mazepa” (1840) does not have much in common with the famous Mazepa-texts of World literature, such as G. Byron’s “Mazeppa” (1819), V. Hugo’s poem of the same title (1829) and A. Pushkin’s “Poltava” (1829); and it does not show any greater affinities to the author’s earlier plays, like “Balladyna” and “Lilla Weneda”, or to his later plays like “Ksiądz Marek” and “Sen srebrny Salomei”. Ne­vertheless, for a better understanding of his “Mazepa”, this play should to be read in a larger context, including as well Słowacki’s own works, as well the texts of World literature on Mazepa.
A crucial question for that kind of contextualization is a new understanding of the central problem of that play. If we read “Mazepa” as a tragedy of delusion, defraud and betrayal, we can very well compare this play with Słowacki’s later works “Ksiądz Marek” and “Sen srebrny Salomei”, which are – still more than “Mazepa” – located in the historical context of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict.
But this kind of interpretation leads to a wider range of comparison: Pushkin’s “Poltava” does not only have a similar constellation of acting persons like Słowacki’s plays (a double love triangle), but is based on delusion and betrayal in various forms, too. There is, however one great difference when comparing it with Słowacki’s “Mazepa”: in this play the main hero is not at trickster at all, while in Pushkin’s poem he is the one who betrays in private as well as in political life an therefore has to fail. Słowacki’s Mazepa survives, because he is an honest man, Pushkin’s Mazepa perishes, because he is a traitor. It turns out that both of the authors, Słowacki and Pushkin, in connection with the historical person of Mazepa, seem to condemn betrayal as a means of political agitation. Setting Słowacki’s play in the larger context of Eastern Slavonic Mazepa-tradition, it is to be seen as a polemic with as well as an affirmation of Pushkin’s point of view, without any regard to the fact if Słowacki had known “Poltava” or not.
‚Giftige Früchte der Mutterschaft‘ in der kroatischen Frauenliteratur der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Grubišić Pulišelić Eldi , Kabić Slavija 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The article analyses the strategies used by Croatian female authors for writing about the myth of motherhood in the first half of the 20th century. The focus is on the representative literary works and relations between traditional role expectations and attempts to offer alternative models for women’s lives. The paper also deals with the problem of female identity marked by the masculine domination and social repression in the patriar­chal culture. The female writers’ underlying issues are discussed on the basis of a combination of close tex­tual reading and topic-based analysis. In the conclusion, the paper emphasizes the brave criticism of the myth of motherhood as one of the main characteristics of the Croatian female authors’ writings in the first half of the 20th century.
The perfect-like construction in colloquial Polish
Authors: Sawicki Lea 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The paper presents the periphrastic construction comprising the verb mieć ‘to have’ and a passive participle. The construction has been recently spreading in colloquial Polish, broadening its employment to include passive participles of imperfective and intransitive verbs. Although formally resembling the periphrastic perfect in European languages, the construction does not constitute an emerging new term of the tense opposition; rather it is a means to indicate the subject of mieć as affected by the action or process stated by the passive participle, irrespective of the identity of the agent of this action or process.
Der Größenfaktor im deutsch-slavischen Sprachkontakt (am Beispiel des Nieder- und Obersorbischen, Burgenlandkroatischen, Slovenischen, Čechischen und Polnischen)
Authors: Rabus Achim 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The present study is concerned with contact-induced German–Slavic linguistic transfer occurring in several Slavic languages. It investigates the relevance of the so-called size factor which implies that the amount of transfer depends on the size of the speakers’ community. The central hypothesis the paper calls into question is, thus, as follows: the smaller the community, the greater the amount of linguistic transfer. After analyzing several linguistic variables (modals, definite article, habeo-factum constructions, dual), it is found that direct correlation between the size of the speakers’ community and the amount of linguistic transfer cannot be confirmed. A reason for varying amounts of transfer might, however, be the role of purism which, on its part, seems to be dependent on the size factor, at least to a certain degree.
Serbian-Type Features in the Curzon Gospel
Authors: Vakareliyska Cynthia M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The article identifies orthographic, lexical and textual Serbisms in the western Bulgarian Curzon Gospel (c. 1354) and proposes three plasts of Serbian influence on the manuscript: Serbian-type spellings of specific words traceable to the hypothetical common ancestor for the Curzon Gospel and its two close relatives, the western Bulgarian Dobrejšo and Banica gospels; sporadic Serbian orthographic and lexical features, and textual parallels with Serbian long lectionary gospels, in the Curzon Gospel’s independent first half of Matthew; and sporadic Serbian-type orthographic features, and hypercorrections of perceived Serbian spellings found in the Curzon Gospel alone that were transmitted from its immediate antigraph.
Association Genetics of Wood Physical Traits in the Conifer White Spruce and Relationships With Gene Expression
Authors: Beaulieu Jean , Doerksen Trevor , Boyle Brian , Clément Sébastien , Deslauriers Marie , Beauseigle Stéphanie , Blais Sylvie , Poulin Pier-Luc , Lenz Patrick , Caron Sébastien , Rigault Philippe , Bicho Paul , Bousquet Jean , MacKay John 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Marker-assisted selection holds promise for highly influencing tree breeding, especially for wood traits, by considerably reducing breeding cycles and increasing selection accuracy. In this study, we used a candidate gene approach to test for associations between 944 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers from 549 candidate genes and 25 wood quality traits in white spruce. A mixed-linear model approach, including a weak but nonsignificant population structure, was implemented for each marker–trait combination. Relatedness among individuals was controlled using a kinship matrix estimated either from the known half-sib structure or from the markers. Both additive and dominance effect models were tested. Between 8 and 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be significantly associated (P ≤ 0.01) with each of earlywood, latewood, or total wood traits. After controlling for multiple testing (Q ≤ 0.10), 13 SNPs were still significant across as many genes belonging to different families, each accounting for between 3 and 5% of the phenotypic variance in 10 wood characters. Transcript accumulation was determined for genes containing SNPs associated with these traits. Significantly different transcript levels (P ≤ 0.05) were found among the SNP genotypes of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, a β-tonoplast intrinsic protein, and a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 9. These results should contribute toward the development of efficient marker-assisted selection in an economically important tree species.
Identification of the Pr1 Gene Product Completes the Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway of Maize
Authors: Sharma Mandeep , Cortes-Cruz Moises , Ahern Kevin R , McMullen Michael , Brutnell Thomas P , Chopra Surinder 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In maize, mutations in the pr1 locus lead to the accumulation of pelargonidin (red) rather than cyanidin (purple) pigments in aleurone cells where the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is active. We characterized pr1 mutation and isolated a putative F3′H encoding gene (Zmf3′h1) and showed by segregation analysis that the red kernel phenotype is linked to this gene. Genetic mapping using SNP markers confirms its position on chromosome 5L. Furthermore, genetic complementation experiments using a CaMV 35S::ZmF3′H1 promoter–gene construct established that the encoded protein product was sufficient to perform a 3′-hydroxylation reaction. The Zmf3′h1-specific transcripts were detected in floral and vegetative tissues of Pr1 plants and were absent in pr1. Four pr1 alleles were characterized: two carry a 24 TA dinucleotide repeat insertion in the 5′-upstream promoter region, a third has a 17-bp deletion near the TATA box, and a fourth contains a Ds insertion in exon1. Genetic and transcription assays demonstrated that the pr1 gene is under the regulatory control of anthocyanin transcription factors red1 and colorless1. The cloning and characterization of pr1 completes the molecular identification of all genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway of maize.
Role of Omeprazole Dosage and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotype in Patients Receiving Omeprazole‐Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Yang Jyh‐Chin , Wang Hong‐Long , Chern Herng‐Der , Shun Chia‐Tung , Lin Bor‐Ru , Lin Chun‐Jung , Wang Teh‐Hong 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To determine the factors that may influence Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients receiving omeprazole‐amoxicillin dual therapy.Design. Prospective, randomized study.Setting. University‐affiliated hospital in Taiwan.Patients. A total of 128 adults (age range 20–75 yrs) with H. pylori‐positive duodenal ulcer were enrolled; 121 completed the final evaluation.Intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four omeprazole‐amoxicillin treatment groups, with each treatment administered for 2 weeks: O2A2 group (33 patients)—omeprazole 20 mg twice/day plus amoxicillin 500 mg 4 times/day; O2A1 group (32 patients)—omeprazole 20 mg twice/day plus amoxicillin 250 mg 4 times/day; O1A2 group (32 patients)—omeprazole 20 mg once/day plus amoxicillin 500 mg 4 times/day; and O1A1 group (31 patients)—omeprazole 20 mg once/day plus amoxicillin 250 mg 4 times/dayMeasurements and Main Results. Data were collected on H. pylori status, histologic parameters, antibiotic resistance, intragastric pH, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype, and adverse reactions. The intent‐to‐treat cure rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) in groups O2A2, O2A1, O1A2, and O1A1 were 76% (95% CI 59–87%), 72% (95% CI 54–84%), 50% (95% CI 34–66%) and 52% (95% CI 35–68%), respectively. Eradication of H pylori infection was statistically significantly dependent on omeprazole dosage, CYP2C19 genotype, age, gastritis status, and H. pylori density. All CYP2C19 poor metabolizers were cured, whereas the H pylori cure rate in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers varied from 44–76% in the different treatment groups. Eradication of H. pylori was favored in the omeprazole higher dose groups versus the lower dose groups (79% vs 53%, p=0.004). No secondary antibiotic resistance was found. Thirty‐seven (95%) of 39 patients who failed with the initial treatment were cured by subsequent antibiotic susceptibility‐driven proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy.Conclusion. Provided a maintenance dose of amoxicillin is given every 6 hours, eradication of H pylori infection was significantly dependent on omeprazole dosage, CYP2C19 genotype, age, gastritis status, and H pylori density.
Clinical Implications of the Nelfinavir‐Proton Pump Inhibitor Drug Interaction in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Saberi Parya , Ranatunga Dilrini K. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Silverberg Michael J. 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To determine if the concomitant use of nelfinavir and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in the loss of virologic control.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Data Source. Pharmacy, laboratory, and administrative databases of a large integrated health care system in northern California.Patients. A total of 1147 HIV‐positive adults who started nelfinavir therapy between November 1, 1998, and June 20, 2003; within this cohort, 141 patients (12.3%) were also prescribed PPIs.Measurements and Main Results. The effects on two virologic outcomes—achievement of undetectable HIV viral load and subsequent virologic rebound—were compared between patients receiving nelfinavir alone and those receiving nelfinavir with PPIs. Cox proportional hazards models were used, with adjustments for age, sex, race, HIV risk factors, hepatitis B or C coinfection, and other concurrent drugs known to affect the metabolism of nelfinavir. The use of PPIs had little effect on the ability to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–1.19, p=0.29), but there was an approximate 50% increased risk of virologic rebound with the concurrent use of PPIs (adjusted HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06–2.19, p=0.02). Short‐term use of PPIs (defined as within 30 days of initial PPI dispensation) was not associated with increased risk of virologic rebound (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.26–4.41, p=0.93) compared with no use of PPIs.Conclusion. Use of PPIs should be minimized or avoided in patients who have attained an undetectable HIV viral load while taking a nelfinavir‐based antiretroviral regimen. However, concomitant use of these drugs may be acceptable for indications where PPIs are required for fewer than 30 days.
Ultrasound Visualization of Ingested Tablets: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nordt Sean Patrick , Campbell Colleen , Medak Anthony , Tomaszweski Christian , Clark Richard F. 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To evaluate the ability of ultrasonography as a radiographic technique to visualize ingested tablets in the human stomach.Design. Prospective, ultrasonographer‐blinded, pilot study.Setting. Tertiary care medical center.Subjects. Fifteen healthy adults (12 male, 3 female; mean age 35.5 yrs).Intervention. After fasting for at least 12 hours, subjects were randomized to either ingest a total of 10 tablets (four acetaminophen, four ibuprofen, and two multivitamin tablets) with 500 ml of water or to drink 500 ml of water alone (control group).Measurements and Main Results. Nine subjects were randomized to the group taking the tablets and six to the control group. Within 30 minutes after ingesting the tablets with water or the water alone, each subject underwent ultrasonography 2 times by two respective blinded ultrasono‐graphers (emergency department physicians who were experienced with the ultrasound technique). Each performed the radiographic technique in isolation of the other ultrasonographer so as not to influence each other's interpretation. They recorded whether or not they thought tablets were visible. One ultrasonographer was correct for 14 (93%) of the 15 subjects, but the other ultrasonographer was correct for only 6 subjects (40%). Interobserver agreement was assessed, with no agreement found between the two ultrasonographers (Cohen κ coefficient ‐0.25 [95% confidence interval ‐0.7–0.2]). The ultrasonographers also found six false positives (no drugs present in the stomach but incorrectly identified as present by the ultrasonographer) and four false negatives (tablets present in the stomach but not identified by the ultrasonographer).Conclusion. Our results do not support the application of ultrasonography to determine the presence or absence of tablets in an individual's stomach after an acute poisonings. We did show that, similar to other radiologic techniques (e. g., projection radiography), the absence of tablet visualization does not exclude their presence. However, the ultrasonographers also found several false positives. Thus, further studies are needed with larger numbers of both subjects and ultrasonographers to elucidate the potential benefit of ultrasonography in individuals who experience acute poisoning.
Effect of Colistin on Phospholipid‐Based Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Clotting Assay Results in Patients Receiving Concomitant Heparin Therapy
Authors: Brown Jack , Aitken Samuel L. , Mackey Melissa , Sawkar Sonia , Ashley Elizabeth Dodds 
Published: March 2011

Study Objective. To determine whether intravenous colistin therapy has an effect on the results of the phospholipid‐based activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) clotting assays containing cephalin in patients receiving concomitant heparin therapy.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. University‐affiliated teaching institution.Patients. Thirty‐six patients treated with intravenous colistin for at least 48 hours between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010, who were receiving heparin for at least 48 hours before colistin was started, and had aPTT tests performed at least 2 days before, during, and at least 2 days after treatment with colistin.Measurements and Main Results. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance testing was performed to determine if significant differences in aPTT results before, during, and after colistin therapy existed. Of a total of 120 courses of colistin therapy, only 36 met the inclusion criteria. The mean ± SD aPTT was 52.3 ± 20.4 seconds before administration of colistin, 51.1 ± 16.6 seconds during colistin therapy, and 51.3 ± 13.6 seconds after administration of colistin (p=0.9). Heparin infusion rates were adjusted 12 times and heparin withheld twice at least 2 days before colistin therapy was started, infusion rates were changed 8 times and heparin withheld once during colistin therapy, and infusion rates were changed 10 times and heparin withheld once at least 2 days after colistin therapy.Conclusion. Colistin therapy had no significant effect on the cephalin‐based aPTT testing results in patients receiving concomitant heparin therapy. Further analyses are required to confirm these findings.
Topical Testosterone for Breast Cancer Patients with Vaginal Atrophy Related to Aromatase Inhibitors: A Phase I/II Study
Authors: Witherby Sabrina , Johnson Julia , Demers Laurence , Mount Sharon , Littenberg Benjamin , Maclean Charles D. , Wood Marie , Muss Hyman 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate early data regarding the impact of daily vaginal testosterone on estradiol and testosterone levels in breast cancer patients receiving treatment with aromatase inhibitors.Explain the potential clinical benefits of vaginal testosterone therapy to treat vaginal atrophy in women with breast cancer receiving long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.
Controversy exists about whether vaginal estrogens interfere with the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in breast cancer patients. With the greater incidence of vaginal atrophy in patients on AIs, a safe and effective nonestrogen therapy is necessary. We hypothesized that vaginal testosterone cream could safely treat vaginal atrophy in women on AIs.

Methods.
Twenty-one postmenopausal breast cancer patients on AIs with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were treated with testosterone cream applied to the vaginal epithelium daily for 28 days. Ten women received a dose of 300 μg, 10 received 150 μg, and one was not evaluable. Estradiol levels, testosterone levels, symptoms of vaginal atrophy, and gynecologic examinations with pH and vaginal cytology were compared before and after therapy.

Results.
Estradiol levels remained suppressed after treatment to &lt;8 pg/mL. Mean total symptom scores improved from 2.0 to 0.7 after treatment (p &lt; .001) and remained improved 1 month thereafter (p = .003). Dyspareunia (p = .0014) and vaginal dryness (p &lt;.001) improved. The median vaginal pH decreased from 5.5 to 5.0 (p = .028). The median maturation index rose from 20% to 40% (p &lt; .001). Although improvement in total symptom score was similar for both doses (−1.3 for 300 μg, −0.8 for 150 μg; p = .37), only the 300-μg dose was associated with improved pH and maturation values.

Conclusions.
A 4-week course of vaginal testosterone was associated with improved signs and symptoms of vaginal atrophy related to AI therapy without increasing estradiol or testosterone levels. Longer-term trials are warranted.
Excess Black Mortality in the United States and in Selected Black and White High-Poverty Areas, 1980–2000
Authors: Geronimus Arline T. , Bound John , Colen Cynthia G. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. Black working-aged residents of urban high-poverty areas suffered severe excess mortality in 1980 and 1990. Our goal in this study was to determine whether this trend persisted in 2000. Methods. We analyzed death certificate and census data to estimate age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality among 16- to 64-year-old Blacks and Whites nationwide and in selected urban and rural high-poverty areas. Results. Urban men's mortality rate estimates peaked in 1990 and declined between 1990 and 2000 back to or below 1980 levels. Evidence of excess mortality declines among urban or rural women and among rural men was modest, with some increases. Between 1980 and 2000, there was little decline in chronic disease mortality among men and women in most areas, and in some instances there were increases. Conclusions. In 2000, despite improved economic conditions, working-age residents of the study areas still died disproportionately of early onset of chronic disease, suggesting an entrenched burden of disease and unmet health care needs. The lack of consistent improvement in death rates among working-age residents of high-poverty areas since 1980 necessitates reflection and concerted action given that sustainable progress has been elusive for this age group.