bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Total-Dose Proton Radiation Tolerance in TiN/HfO2/TiN ReRAM Devices
Authors: He Xiaoli , Geer Robert E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe resistive switching properties of CMOS compatible TiN/HfO2/TiN resistive-random-access-memory (ReRAM) devices have been investigated after exposure to 1 MeV proton radiation. The HfO2-based ReRAM devices were found to have high total-ionizing-dose (TID) radiation tolerance up to 5 Grad(Si). TiN/HfO2/TiN ReRAM performance parameters include high-resistance state (HRS) resistance, low-resistance state (LRS) resistance, set and reset voltages. HfO2-based ReRAM devices exhibited no degradation in these performance parameters following proton irradiation exposure with TID from 105 to 109 rad(Si). Furthermore, the HfO2-based ReRAM devices exhibited more uniform resistive switching behavior with increased TID. Based on this radiation response it is proposed that the resistive switching mechanism in TiN/HfO2/TiN – trap-assisted tunneling associated with Hf-rich conducting filament formation – may be reinforced through proton exposure which acts to stabilize the formation/rupture of Hf-rich filaments. The high radiation tolerance of HfO2-based ReRAM devices suggests such devices may be potentially attractive for aerospace and nuclear applications.
Improvement of RRAM Device Performance Through On-Chip Resistors
Authors: Gaba Siddharth , Choi Shinhyun , Sheridan Patrick , Chang Ting , Yang Yuchao , Lu Wei 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTResearch in non-volatile memories (NVM) has intensified in the past few years due to the ever increasing demand for information storage and the near ubiquity of handheld electronics. Resistive memory is a leading contender in this NVM market due to its high endurance, random accessibility, scalability and low programming voltage.The addition of an external series resistor or imposing current compliance is often used to limit the current through RRAM devices and to prevent “over-programming” and stuck-at-one (SA1) errors. Here, we demonstrate that utilizing an external series resistor is not efficient in preventing over-programming and an on-chip resistor is more desirable.Poly-silicon bottom electrode based devices (with the poly-silicon electrode acting like an on-chip resistor) and metal bottom electrode devices were fabricated and tested. The presence of the on-chip resistor is shown to enhance the endurance of the RRAM device. This technique of including an on-chip resistor prevents stored current discharge through the device as the device transitions from a high resistance to a low resistance state. A SPICE simulation is also employed to illustrate the benefit of this approach.
Reverse Bias Degradation in Shadowed Devices in TiO2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Modules
Authors: Mastroianni Simone , Brown Thomas M. , Lanuti Alessandro , Cinà Lucio , Lembo Angelo , Liberatore Massimiliano , Reale Andrea , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMismatched or shadowed individual cells in a module can operate in the Reverse Bias (RB) regime. Subjecting a dye solar cell (DSC) to an accelerated RB stress by forcing a constant current equal to 2-fold its ISC, produced significant alterations on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in RB with time and a severe loss of cell efficiency in 32h. We investigated and identified a key mechanism for RB charge transfer and degradation in DSCs. I-V characteristics in RB were found to be sensitive to the type of dye utilized and to TiCl4 substrate treatment.
EGFR Mutation Heterogeneity and the Mixed Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors of Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yong , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Zhang Xu-Chao , Su Jian , Yang Xue-Ning , Chen Zhi-Hong , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhou Qing , Yan Hong-Hong , An She-Juan , Chen Hua-Jun , Jiang Ben-Yuan , Mok Tony S. , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background.
Non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have mixed responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Intertumor heterogeneity in EGFR mutations is one potential explanation for this phenomenon.

Methods.
We performed direct sequencing to identify EGFR mutations in 180 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma samples (from 3,071 patients). The high-resolution melting method was used in discordant cases to confirm EGFR mutation status. Matching samples were divided into four groups: primary lesions detected at different times, primary tumors with matched metastatic lymph nodes, multiple pulmonary nodules, and primary tumors with matched distant metastases. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate correlations between heterogeneity and patient characteristics.

Results.
In the study population, the discordance rate was 13.9% (25 of 180). The multiple pulmonary nodules group had the highest discordance rate of 24.4% (10 of 41; odds ratio for heterogeneity in primary lesions detected at different times, 6.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–23.72; p = .006). Discordance rates in the metachronous and synchronous settings were 15.7% (22 of 140) and 7.5% (three of 40), respectively. In the 34 patients who developed EGFR TKI resistance, 10 (29.4%) cases exhibited heterogeneity and five (14.7%) patients exhibited a mixed response to the drug. Three (8.8%) of the patients with a mixed response also exhibited discordant EGFR mutations.

Conclusions.
The overall discordance rate of EGFR mutation heterogeneity in Asian patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma is relatively low, but the rate in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules is significantly higher. This observation may explain the mixed tumor response to EGFR TKIs.
IFN-γ Elicits Macrophage Autophagy via the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Matsuzawa Takeshi , Kim Bae-Hoon , Shenoy Avinash R. , Kamitani Shigeki , Miyake Masami , MacMicking John D. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Autophagy is a major innate immune defense pathway in both plants and animals. In mammals, this cascade can be elicited by cytokines (IFN-γ) or pattern recognition receptors (TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors). Many signaling components in TLR- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-induced autophagy are now known; however, those involved in activating autophagy via IFN-γ remain to be elucidated. In this study, we engineered macrophages encoding a tandem fluorescently tagged LC3b (tfLC3) autophagosome reporter along with stably integrated short hairpin RNAs to demonstrate IFN-γ–induced autophagy required JAK 1/2, PI3K, and p38 MAPK but not STAT1. Moreover, the autophagy-related guanosine triphosphatase Irgm1 proved dispensable in both stable tfLC3-expressing RAW 264.7 and tfLC3-transduced Irgm1−/− primary macrophages, revealing a novel p38 MAPK-dependent, STAT1-independent autophagy pathway that bypasses Irgm1. These unexpected findings have implications for understanding how IFN-γ–induced autophagy is mobilized within macrophages for inflammation and host defense.
XX male sex reversal with genital abnormalities associated with a de novo SOX3 gene duplication
Authors: Moalem Sharon , Babul‐Hirji Riyana , Stavropolous Dmitri J. , Wherrett Diane , Bägli Darius J. , Thomas Paul , Chitayat David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDifferentiation of the bipotential gonad into testis is initiated by the Y chromosome‐linked gene SRY (Sex‐determining Region Y) through upregulation of its autosomal direct target gene SOX9 (Sry‐related HMG box‐containing gene 9). Sequence and chromosome homology studies have shown that SRY most probably evolved from SOX3, which in humans is located at Xq27.1. Mutations causing SOX3 loss‐of‐function do not affect the sex determination in mice or humans. However, transgenic mouse studies have shown that ectopic expression of Sox3 in the bipotential gonad results in upregulation of Sox9, resulting in testicular induction and XX male sex reversal. However, the mechanism by which these rearrangements cause sex reversal and the frequency with which they are associated with disorders of sex development remains unclear. Rearrangements of the SOX3 locus were identified recently in three cases of human XX male sex reversal. We report on a case of XX male sex reversal associated with a novel de novo duplication of the SOX3 gene. These data provide additional evidence that SOX3 gain‐of‐function in the XX bipotential gonad causes XX male sex reversal and further support the hypothesis that SOX3 is the evolutionary antecedent of SRY. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A benign form of congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia associated with ipsilateral polydactyly of the hallux: Case report and literature review
Authors: Han Jiuhui , Qu Lei , Li Yazhou , Luo Junzhong , Cao Jinchao , Zhao Wanyu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCongenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia is generally considered a precursor of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT), which is usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant genetic disorder. In many cases, NF1 is initially suspected following the presentation of a child with anterolateral tibial bowing. The prognosis of CPT is poor, and amputation may be required. Congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia combined with ipsilateral polydactyly of the hallux (CABTP) is a rare entity that resembles the anterolateral tibial bowing that occurs in association with CPT, and may be misdiagnosed as NF1. However, spontaneous correction of the tibial bowing with an almost normal fibula has been described in all previously reported cases. Here, we report three patients with CABTP and discuss the physical and imaging characteristics and follow‐up results. We suggest that given the spontaneous resolution of bowing, the absence of neurocutaneous signs and the relatively favorable prognosis, CABTP is a distinct entity that merits its own place within the field of anterolateral bowing of the tibia and has no association with CPT or NF1. This should help avoid unnecessary investigations and interventions for NF1. This article shows for the first time tibial duplication in the area of bowing, with two medullary canals surrounded by well‐defined cortex on CT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scoliosis in Prader–Willi syndrome: Effect of growth hormone therapy and value of paravertebral muscle volume by CT in predicting scoliosis progression
Authors: Murakami Nobuyuki , Obata Kazuo , Abe Yoshiko , Oto Yuji , Kido Yasuhiro , Itabashi Hisashi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tanaka Yuriko , Yoshino Atsunori , Nagai Toshiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) therapy is now widely given to Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) patients to encourage growth in body height and to prevent obesity. Scoliosis, one of the complications in this syndrome, is thought to be accelerated in parallel with a rapid increase in body height, especially during adolescence. To determine whether GH therapy aggravates scoliosis and to identify any factor which might predict the progression of scoliosis, we studied 35 (22 males and 13 female) PWS patients between the ages of 2–16 years on GH therapy whose scoliosis was followed with spinal X‐rays every 6 months. Thirteen (37.1%) of 35 patients had scoliosis with a Cobb angle of over 10°. Scoliosis was unchanged in five patients (14.3%), became worse in six (17.1%) and improved in two (5.7%). All 22 (62.9%) of 35 patients who did not have scoliosis did not develop scoliosis with GH therapy. Since abnormal paraspinal muscle development was thought to induce scoliosis, we measured cross‐sectional areas of paraspinal muscles by using one slice CT scan at the level of the umbilicus at the level of L4. Since there was a delay in the increase in total paravertebral muscle area and prolonged asymmetry in patients with progressive scoliosis, both were thought to be useful predictors of progressive scoliosis in PWS patients with GH therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of novel polyamide paraffin MEPCM by interfacial polymerization technique
Authors: Wei Ju , Li Zhenzhong , Liu Ling , Liu Xiang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel polyamide‐paraffin microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) was prepared by interfacial polymerization technique using 1,3,5‐benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC) and ethylenediamine as monomers and 30# paraffin as core material. Morphology, chemical composition, thermal properties of the MEPCM were studied by scanning electron micrograph, FT‐IR spectrum, differential scanning calorimeter analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The solvent resistances of the MEPCM were also studied by observing the morphology changes of the MEPCM under optical microscope. Results indicate that the MEPCMs prepared under optimal conditions have spherical shape with average diameter of 6.4 µm, and the polyamide shell has successfully packaged the paraffin core. The MEPCM has a high efficiency in storing and releasing heat. The latent heat is 121.7 J/g and the microencapsulation ratio is 87%, 5% weight loss temperature is 260°C. The MEPCM is stable in H2SO4 solution (ω = 0.98), NaOH solution (ω = 0.40), ethanol, acetone, ether, dimethylformamide while can be destroyed by ZnCl2 solution (ω = 0.60). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 2013
Effect of copolymerization on crystallization kinetics of semicrystalline polyimides
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Daming , Jia He , Liu Changwei , Zhao Xiaogang , Chen Chunhai 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIsothermal melt crystallization kinetics and nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of co‐PI based on 3, 3′, 4, 4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s‐BPDA)/1, 3‐bis‐(4‐aminophenoxy) benzene (TPER)/4, 4′‐oxydianiline(4, 4′‐ODA), and TPER PI (s‐BPDA/TPER) have been investigated. Avrami equation was used to analyze isothermal melt crystallization progress of TPER PI and co‐PI, primary crystallization processes was found to be changed as the introduction of 4, 4′‐ODA. Total activation energy ΔE for TPER PI and co‐PI were found to be −404 and −86 kJ mol−1 by Arrhenius equation. Jeziorny's analysis, Ozawa's analysis, and Mo's approach were used to investigate nonisothermal cold crystallization progress of TPER PI and co‐PI. Activation energy ΔEnon for TPER PI and co‐PI were found to be 247 and 193 kJ mol−1 by Kissinger equation. The result indicated that co‐PI exhibited lower crystallization rate than TPER PI when isothermally crystallized from melt, but higher crystallization rate under cold nonisothermal crystallization progress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Cold‐crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactide)/ACR blend films investigated by in situ FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Ningjing , Wang Honghao , Ding Meichun , Man Liu , Zhang Jianming 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cold crystallization behavior of poly (L‐lactide) (PLLA) blend films modified by small amount of acrylic rubber particles (ACR) have been investigated by in situ Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. During the isothermal cold crystallization, the crystallization rate of PLLA is greatly improved with addition of only 1 wt % ACR. However, for PLLA with 8 wt % ACR, the crystallization rate is slower than that of neat PLLA. The relative crystallinity of PLLA with the addition of 1–5 wt % ACR is obviously higher than that of the neat PLLA. For the PLLA blend film with 3 % ACR, the relative crystallinity reaches a maximum. It was found that the addition of ACR particles below 5% accelerated the cold crystallization nucleation process and made the cold‐crystallization rate of PLLA/ACR be quicker than that of neat PLLA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Elastomeric skin selection for a fluid‐filled artificial fingertip
Authors: Roy Dipayon , Wettels Nicholas , Loeb Gerald E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiomimetic fingertips for robots and prostheses need to combine compliant grip and tactile sensing with robustness in diverse environments. We have evaluated materials for use in a compliant, fluid‐filled artificial fingertip that incorporates multimodal sensing of contact, texture and thermal properties. A variety of silicone elastomers were tested for hardness, wear‐rate, and stress–strain relationships. Diffusion rates of several aqueous and nonaqueous solvents through elastomeric membranes were analyzed to ensure that the sensor could maintain proper fluid volume and function for an extended period. A solution of sodium bromide in poly(ethylene glycol)‐200 and water combined with a Silastic S silicone elastomeric cosmesis produced a stable and robust solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Modified MCM‐41 silica spheres filled polydimethylsiloxane membrane for dimethylcarbonate/methanol separation via pervaporation
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Xiaolong , Li Jiding , Zheng Dongju , Qin Lin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid membrane materials always exhibit high pervaporation performance for organic azeotropic mixtures. Here, MCM‐41 silica spheres were modified and embedded into polydimethylsiloxane, and a new filled membrane was obtained. The membrane was used in dimethylcarbonate (DMC) removal from DMC/methanol azeotropic mixture by pervaporation. The effect of membrane preparation parameters including modified MCM‐41 silica spheres loading, solvent concentration, and feed temperature on pervaporation properties was systematically studied. The results showed that separation factor and total flux of the filled membranes could be increased simultaneously. Additionally, the sorption and diffusion selectivity of the filled membranes were measured and discussed. The results demonstrated that diffusion selectivity was greatly enhanced by incorporating. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Biodegradation study on poly(ε‐caprolactone) with bimodal molecular weight distribution
Authors: Hermanová Soňa , Bálková Radka , Voběrková Stanislava , Chamradová Ivana , Omelková Jiřina , Richtera Lukáš , Mravcová Ludmila , Jančář Josef 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) of bimodal molecular weight distribution was exposed to the action of enzymes‐lipases from Aspergillus oryzae in phosphate buffer at pH 7 and 37°C, and those produced in situ by Bacillus subtilis in nutrient medium at 30°C for 42 days. The occurrence of biodegradation is proved on the basis of the weight loss, decrease of molecular weight, carbonyl index, crystallinity, and development of cracks on the PCL surfaces. In the case of Bacillus subtilis, the degradation (10 wt % loss of PCL) proceeds faster in comparison with lipase from Aspergillus oryzae (2.6 wt % loss of PCL), where the degradation process seems to stop during 14 days of experiment. The gel permeation chromatography results reveal that preferential degradation of lower molecular portion did not occur but it is assumed that PCL chains were cleaved in accordance with particular degradation mechanism that depends significantly on biological agent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Presentation of a novel sensor based on acoustic emission in injection molding
Authors: Müller Florian , Rath Gerhard , Lucyshyn Thomas , Kukla Christian , Burgsteiner Martin , Holzer Clemens 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInjection molding is the most important process to produce plastic parts. Because of increasing complexity of the plastic parts and the aim to reach zero‐defect production it is a must to control the dynamic injection molding process. Therefore information from the inside of the mold, measured with sensors, is necessary. State of the art is to implement wired mold cavity pressure sensors as well as wired cavity temperature sensors. This article presents a novel wireless measurement setup which uses structure borne sound as transport medium. The sound is generated by an acoustic actor which is activated by the passing flow front at certain predetermined positions in the cavity (or cavities). Beside the mechanical setup of the sensor proof of concept measurements with a prototype setup are shown in this article. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and characterization of dual sensitive carboxylated methyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) physical composite hydrogel
Authors: Xiao Congming , Xia Cunping , Ma Yue , He Xuelei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNeutral methyl cellulose (MC) was transformed into carboxylated methyl cellulose (CLMC) via the esterification reaction between MC and maleic anhydride. FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry analysis results indicated the carboxyl groups were successfully incorporated onto the chains of MC. The carboxyl group percentages of CLMC ranged from 6.5 to 13.6%. CLMC and poly(vinyl alcohol) were mixed in aqueous solution, and then formed physical composite hydrogel. The equilibrium swelling ratios of the hydrogels in buffer solutions of pH 10 and 1.5 were 10.7 and 7.5, 7.7 and 6.0, 6.5 and 5.2 when the ratio of CLMC/PVA was 5 : 5, 4 : 6, and 3 : 7, respectively. The hydrogel exhibited both temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive swelling properties, which implied not only the inherent temperature sensitive property of MC was retained but also one more function was acquired. The maximum cumulative release percentages of Rhodamine B from the CLMC/PVA (3 : 7) hydrogel in the mediums of pH 7.4 and 1.2 were 43.36 and 37.44%, respectively. Such a pH‐responsive release behavior also confirmed that CLMC was anionic. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives
Authors: Schlecht Stephen H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn enthesis is the interface where tendon meets bone, providing both muscle anchorage and stress dissipation. Previous anthropological research suggests size and complexity of entheses observable in osteological material, are indicative of the strain magnitude resulting from repetitive muscle contractions during the performance of daily routines. These proposed “musculoskeletal stress markers” are routinely incorporated into bioarcheological studies as evidence of general activity patterns past human populations participated in. However, much of how this complex osteotendinous interface develops and responds to mechanical strains is poorly understood. The following review seeks to shed light on this structural enigma by synthesizing current findings in both the clinical and anthropological literature, in the interest of generating new conversations in how entheses respond to contractual forces and the systemic influences (i.e., genetics, hormones), that surround their morphological development. Only once we truly understand the etiology of tendon insertion sites, will the value of enthesial research in reconstructing human behavior be determined. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.