bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of palliative surgery in metastatic disease of the cervical and cervicothoracic spine
Authors: Quan Gerald M. , Vital Jean-Marc , Pointillart Vincent 
Published: March 2011

Object
This prospective study was undertaken to assess the clinical outcome of 26 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic metastases of the cervical or cervicothoracic spine.

Methods
All patients suffered axial or radicular pain, with or without neurological deficit, including radicular weakness (23%), quadriplegia or paraplegia (12%), and urinary sphincter dysfunction (8%). All patients underwent palliative decompression and stabilization surgery via an anterior (18 patients), posterior (7 patients) or combined approach (1 patient) depending on the topography of the metastases, and were prospectively followed up for 1 year. Thirteen patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 7 patients received radiotherapy to the cervical lesion. Clinical data as well as data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire were obtained pre- and postoperatively and at regular follow-up intervals.

Results
Median survival was 6 months and 10 patients were known survivors at 12 months. Postoperatively, 1 patient developed neurological deterioration and died while an inpatient. There were no other early postoperative complications in any patients. From pre- to postoperatively there was an immediate and significant improvement in axial and radicular pain and overall quality of life. There was also overall improvement in cognitive, emotional, social, role, and physical functioning. The observed improvement in pain, functioning, and quality of life was maintained for the duration of the follow-up period. Furthermore, neurological function was improved or preserved until death in the majority of patients.

Conclusions
Together with adjuvant medical management, surgery for cervical metastases produces low morbidity and can achieve good symptomatic palliation in the majority of patients for their remaining lifetime.
Topological Free Entropy Dimensions in Nuclear C*-algebras and in Full Free Products of Unital C*-algebras
Authors: Hadwin Don , Li Qihui , Shen Junhao 
Published: March 2011

Abstract In the paper, we introduce a new concept, topological orbit dimension of an n-tuple of elements in a unital C*-algebra. Using this concept, we conclude that Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension of every finite family of self-adjoint generators of a nuclear C*-algebra is less than or equal to 1. We also show that the Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension is additive in the full free product of some unital C*-algebras. We show that the unital full free product of Blackadar and Kirchberg's unital MF algebras is also an MF algebra. As an application, we obtain that Ext(C*r (F2) *C C* r (F2)) is not a group.
Quasi-isometry and Plaque Expansiveness
Authors: Hammerlindl Andy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe show that a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism is plaque expansive (a form of structural stability for its center foliation) if the strong stable and unstable foliations are quasi-isometric in the universal cover. In particular, all partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on the 3-torus are plaque expansive.
Implantation Failure, Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Shufaro Yoel , Schenker Joseph G 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTEmbryonic implantation is a complex interaction between the embryo and the endometrium. Despite great investigative effort this process is still obscure. Contrary to the great advancement in patient care, follicular recruitment, oocyte quality and aspiration, embryo quality, culture and cryopreservation, our understanding of the implantation process did not enhance as much, and the tools to intervene within this process are limited. The implantation of the transferred embryos still remains the major limiting factor in IVF. Here we will review the current literature on the maternal (uterine, hematologic, immunologic and others) and embryonic factors that are associated with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and describe the various therapeutic approaches to cope with them. In addition, we will present our conclusive recommendations on how to investigate and manage RIF based on the literature and our own experience.
Endometrioma and ART: Does the Needle Work?
Authors: Patil Madhuri , Hagargi Rashmi P 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAim and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to see if the fertility outcome improved when IVF/ICSI was done after administration of GnRH analogs and cyst aspiration in comparison with patients in whom either only cyst aspiration or only GnRh analogs were administered.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective study done in a tertiary level ART center which included 30 patients over a span of 5 years from 2004 to 2009. All of them had endometriomas and underwent assisted reproductive techniques (ART) either after cyst aspiration with or without GnRH analog pretreatment or only GnRH analog pretreatment.Depending on the pretreatment received, they were classified into three groups:• Group B: Both GnRH analog and cyst aspiration• Group C: Only cyst aspiration• Group G: Only GnRH analog.The patients were not randomized.The number of days required for stimulation, total dose of stimulation required, number of oocytes obtained, quality of embryos, and the pregnancy rates for each group were tabulated for comparison.Statistical analysisThe significance of the difference in ART outcome after the different modalities of pretreatment, which was estimated in terms of pregnancy rates was evaluated by calculating the p-value.Observations and resultsSignificant difference was observed between the pregnancy rates in the three groups, with the maximum pregnancy rate in group B, followed by the group G and then the group C. The p-value showed a trend, though not statistically significant, indicating the need for larger prospective studies with greater number of subjects.ConclusionPretreating endometriomas by aspirating the cysts and administering three doses of GnRH analog depot preparation prior to IVF/ICSI seems to be better than administering GnRH analog depot preparation alone or aspirating the cysts alone in terms of the number of days required for stimulation, the number of oocytes obtained, and the clinical pregnancy rates.
Longitudinal consequences of adolescent bullying perpetration and victimisation: A study of students in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hemphill Sheryl A. , Kotevski Aneta , Herrenkohl Todd I. , Bond Lyndal , Kim Min Jung , Toumbourou John W. , Catalano Richard F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAims To examine the associations between self‐reported bullying perpetration and victimisation in Years 7 and 10 and a range of psychosocial outcomes in Year 11.Method This analysis draws on data from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of 5769 students from Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States who were recruited through schools in Years 5, 7 and 9 in 2002. Data for the current results are taken from participants in the youngest (Year 5) Victorian cohort of the study.Results Rates of bullying victimisation exceeded 30% and up to one in five students had engaged in bullying. Adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that bullying perpetration, and bullying victimisation in Year 7 did not significantly predict psychosocial outcomes in Year 11. Bullying perpetration in Year 10 was associated with an increased likelihood of theft, violent behaviour and binge drinking. Year 10 bullying victimisation was associated with an increased likelihood of Year 11 depressive symptoms.Conclusions Prevention approaches that target bullying perpetration and victimisation are necessary. Programmes that lessen bullying may also have an impact on other proximally related behaviours, including binge drinking and depression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The linkage between childhood bullying behaviour and future offending
Authors: Jiang Depeng , Walsh Margaret , Augimeri Leena K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim To examine the linkage between bullying behaviour in early childhood and any subsequent contact with the criminal justice system.Methods A Canadian sample (570 boys and 379 girls) was derived from clients who participated in the evidenced‐based programme, SNAP® (STOP NOW AND PLAN), between 2001 and 2009. A court order was obtained to access any criminal record data on participants. The Early Assessment Risk Lists (EARL‐20B and EARL‐21G) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to identify level of risk and bullying behaviour. Outcome variables included age the child first came in contact with the criminal justice system and frequency.Results Logistic and Cox regression analyses indicate that the risk of onset of criminal offence for bullies was significantly higher than for non‐bullies. The hazard of criminal offence for bullies is 1.9 times (95% CI: 1.1–3.2) than that of non‐bullies. This holds true even when adjusted for age, gender and other risk factors.Conclusion We found a strong linkage between bullying behaviour during childhood and subsequent criminal offending after the age of 12. Criminal convictions for bullies were nearly twice as high for non‐bullies up to the child's 18th birthday. EARLs were effective in differentiating risk associated with bullying. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bullying at elementary school and problem behaviour in young adulthood: A study of bullying, violence and substance use from age 11 to age 21
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Catalano Richard F. , Haggerty Kevin P. , Abbott Robert D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim The main aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent self‐reported bullying at Grade 5 predicts later violence, heavy drinking and marijuana use at age 21.Method Univariate and multivariate associations between bullying and later outcomes were examined based on a longitudinal community sample of 957 young people from the Raising Healthy Children project.Results Childhood bullying was significantly associated with violence, heavy drinking and marijuana use at age 21. These associations held up after controlling for prior risk factors.Conclusions Childhood bullying had unique associations with risk of later violence and substance use among young adults. Early intervention to prevent childhood bullying may also reduce other adverse outcomes later in life. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bullying at school and later criminality: Findings from three Swedish community samples of males
Authors: Olweus Dan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim To examine whether being a bully at school predicts later criminality.Method Longitudinal, prospective associations are reported between bullying and later criminality over the 8‐year period from age 16 to 24.Results Bullying in early adolescence strongly predicted later criminality. The former school bullies were heavily overrepresented in the crime registers. Some 55% of them had been convicted of one or more crimes and as much as 36% had been convicted of at least three crimes in the studied period. Effect sizes in the form of Odds Ratios were substantial for both general crimes and violent crimes, varying between 3.47 and 7.79. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The predictive efficiency of school bullying versus later offending: A systematic/meta‐analytic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: TTOFI Maria M. , Farrington David P. , Lösel Friedrich , Loeber Rolf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground Although bullying and delinquency share similar risk factors, no previous systematic review has ever been conducted to examine possible links between school bullying and criminal offending later in life.Aims To investigate the extent to which bullying perpetration at school predicts offending later in life, and whether this relation holds after controlling for other major childhood risk factors.Method Results are based on a thorough systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies measuring school bullying and later offending. Effect sizes are based on both published and unpublished studies; longitudinal investigators of 28 studies have conducted specific analyses for our review.Results The probability of offending up to 11 years later was much higher for school bullies than for non‐involved students [odds ratio (OR) = 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03–3.08]. Bullying perpetration was a significant risk factor for later offending, even after controlling for major childhood risk factors (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55–2.14). Effect sizes were smaller when the follow‐up period was longer and larger when bullying was assessed in older children. The age of participants when outcome measures were taken was negatively related with effect sizes. Finally, the summary effect size did not decrease much as the number of controlled risk factors increased.Conclusions School bullying is a strong and specific risk factor for later offending. Effective anti‐bullying programmes should be promoted, and could be viewed as a form of early crime prevention. Such programmes would have a high benefit : cost ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAG mill system diagnosis using multivariate process variable analysis
Authors: Ko Young‐Don , Shang Helen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSemi‐autogenous grinding (SAG) of ore plays a critical role in a mineral processing plant. In SAG operations, abnormal conditions, such as overload or insufficient ore holdup, often result in inefficient production and unstable operation. It is, therefore, essential to monitor the process using effective technology so that abnormal or faulty conditions can be detected and addressed in a timely manner. In this study, investigation is focused on applying multivariate analysis in the monitoring and diagnosing of an industrial SAG operation. The results show that principal component analysis provides an effective methodology for on‐line monitoring and diagnosis. The detection and removal of faulty conditions will help to provide stable and cost‐efficient operation.
In vitro metabolic studies using homogenized horse liver in place of horse liver microsomes
Authors: Wong Jenny K. Y. , Tang Francis P. W. , Wan Terence S. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe study of the metabolism of drugs, in particular steroids, by both in vitro and in vivo methods has been carried out in the authors' laboratory for many years. For in vitro metabolic studies, the microsomal fraction isolated from horse liver is often used. However, the process of isolating liver microsomes is cumbersome and tedious. In addition, centrifugation at high speeds (over 100 000 g) may lead to loss of enzymes involved in phase I metabolism, which may account for the difference often observed between in vivo and in vitro results. We have therefore investigated the feasibility of using homogenized horse liver instead of liver microsomes with the aim of saving preparation time and improving the correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. Indeed, the preparation of the homogenized horse liver was very simple, needing only to homogenize the required amount of liver. Even though no further purification steps were performed before the homogenized liver was used, the cleanliness of the extracts obtained, based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis, was similar to that for liver microsomes. Herein, the results of the in vitro experiments carried out using homogenized horse liver for five anabolic steroids—turinabol, methenolone acetate, androst‐4‐ene‐3,6,17‐trione, testosterone, and epitestosterone—are discussed. In addition to the previously reported in vitro metabolites, some additional known in vivo metabolites in the equine could also be detected. As far as we know, this is the first report of the successful use of homogenized liver in the horse for carrying out in vitro metabolism experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgenic mice for cre‐inducible overexpression of the Cul4A gene
Authors: Li Tong , Hung Ming‐Szu , Wang Yucheng , Mao Jian‐Hua , Tan Jia‐Li , Jahan Kenneth , Roos Hannah , Xu Zhidong , Jablons David M. , You Liang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Cullin 4A(Cul4A) gene is important in cell survival, development, growth, and cell cycle control and is amplified in breast and hepatocellular cancers. Recently, we reported that Cul4A plays an oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma. An important strategy for studying Cul4A in different tissues is targeted overexpression of this gene in vivo. Studies of Cul4A in mice have been restricted to the loss‐of‐function studies using Cul4A knockout mice; gain‐of‐function studies of Cul4A using transgenic mice have not been reported. We, therefore, generated a gain‐of‐function transgenic mouse model that overexpresses Cul4A in a Cre‐dependent manner. Before Cre recombination, these mice express LacZ during development in most adult tissues. After Cre‐mediated excision of the LacZ reporter, the transfected Cul4A gene is expressed along with a C‐terminal Myc‐tag in different tissues. In this study, Cre‐excision was induced in mouse lungs by inhalation of an adenovirus vector encoding Cre recombinase. This mouse model provides a valuable resource for investigating the significance of Cul4A overexpression in various tissues. genesis 49:134–141, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making connections: changing sediment sources and sinks in an upland catchment
Authors: Lexartza‐Artza Irantzu , Wainwright John 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of changes in catchment processes and conditions can be studied by using connectivity as a framework for understanding the feedbacks and interactions occurring within the system. The sediment record preserved in reservoirs can be a useful archive of catchment changes, but needs to be considered in conjunction with the different elements that compose and act on the system to take into account its complexity. Changing patterns of connectivity have been studied in the Ingbirchworth Catchment (Yorkshire, UK), using a multiple methodology approach combining the analysis of reservoir‐sediment records with knowledge of recent land‐use history, high resolution rainfall records, catchment characteristics and management aspects. Sedimentation rates inferred from reservoir‐sediment cores from two reservoirs in the Ingbirchworth catchment show sedimentation peaks which coincide with periods of significant changes in the catchment, such as the introduction of arable crops, the establishment of land drainage and the widespread intensification and mechanization of agriculture. Rainfall patterns, including combinations of events such as droughts and increased precipitation, contribute to increased sediment transfer under catchment conditions in which more sediment and/or new pathways are made available due to catchment changes. Sediment fingerprinting supports the notion that changes in sedimentation rates are not just related to increased/reduced erosion and transport in the same areas, but also to the establishment of different pathways increasing sediment connectivity. The results demonstrate that typical calculations of catchment‐area yields are not sufficient as sediment‐contributing areas vary as a consequence of changing conditions. The study provides insights into the complex interactions influencing connectivity, such as the relation between catchment changes and climatic inputs, and the subsequent effect on catchment conditions and transfer networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal efficacy of environmentally friendly wood preservatives formulated with enzymatic-hydrolyzed okara, copper, or boron salts
Authors: Kim Ho-Yong , Jeong Han-Seob , Min Byeong-Cheol , Ahn Sye Hee , Oh Sei Chang , Yoon Young-ho , Choi In-Gyu , Yang In 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Okara, an organic waste product obtained from soy milk production, was used with copper chloride or sodium borate to formulate new wood preservatives as a substitute for expensive wood preservatives, such as copper-azole–based preservatives and ammoniacal copper quaternary. Before formulating the preservatives, okara was hydrolyzed by enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and protease) to augment penetration and fix the biocide salts of the preservatives into wood blocks. The preservatives were injected into wood blocks by vacuum pressure to measure the treatability of the preservatives. The treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 d to measure leachability. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were affected by the type and loading amount of enzymes and the addition of sodium borate into okara-based wood preservative formulations. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives formulated with copper chloride and okara hydrolysates were 63.38 and 3.15%, and those of the preservatives with copper chloride, okara hydrolysates, and sodium borate were 61.47 and 3.32%, respectively. Despite the hot water leaching, wood blocks treated with preservatives formulated with 2% cellulase, pectinase, and protease hydrolyzed okara, CuCl2, and sodium borate showed only 1.98% average weight loss against Fomitopsis palustris over 12 weeks. Microscopic observation revealed how okara-based preservatives work in wood blocks. Okara has potential as a raw material for cost-effective and environmentally friendly wood preservatives. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1297–1305. © 2011 SETAC
Toxic effects of dietary methylmercury on immune system development in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Authors: Fallacara Dawn M , Halbrook Richard S , French John B 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on immune system development in captive-reared nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to determine whether T cell–mediated and antibody-mediated adaptive immunity are targets for MeHg toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. Nestlings received various diets, including 0 (control), 0.6, and 3.9 µg/g (dry wt) MeHg for up to 18 d posthatch. Immunotoxicity endpoints included cell-mediated immunity (CMI) using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin-swelling assay and antibody-mediated immune response via the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemagglutination assay. T cell– and B cell–dependent histological parameters in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were correlated with the functional assays. For nestlings in the 0.6 and 3.9 µg/g MeHg groups, CMI was suppressed by 73 and 62%, respectively, at 11 d of age. Results of this functional assay were correlated with T cell–dependent components of the spleen and thymus. Dose-dependent lymphoid depletion in spleen tissue directly affected the proliferation of T-lymphocyte populations, insofar as lower stimulation indexes from the PHA assay occurred in nestlings with lower proportions of splenic white pulp and higher THg concentrations. Nestlings in the 3.9 µg/g group also exhibited lymphoid depletion and a lack of macrophage activity in the thymus. Methylmercury did not have a noticeable effect on antibody-mediated immune function or B cell–dependent histological correlates. We conclude that T cell–mediated immunosuppression is the primary target of MeHg toward adaptive immunity in developing kestrels. This study provides evidence that environmentally relevant concentrations of MeHg may compromise immunocompetence in a developing terrestrial predator and raises concern regarding the long-term health effects of kestrels that were exposed to dietary MeHg during early avian development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1328–1337. © 2011 SETAC