bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Potential and Non Potential Forces of Interparticle Interaction on Stability of Nuclear Excited Dusty Plasma
Authors: Filinov V.S. , Deputatova L.V. , Naumkin V.N. , Vladimirov V.I. , Meshakin V.I. , Rykov V.A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe highly ordered levitating structures of radioactive dusty particles in nuclear excited plasma oftube capacitor are studied using the Brownian dynamics. Models with potential and non potential forces acting on charged dusty particles have been investigated. Types and stability of obtained dust particle structures are analyzed at atmospheric pressure and normal conditions. The stationary crystal – like structures have been obtained only for potential forces acting on dusty particles, while in model with non potential forces the formation of two slowly rotating in opposite direction highly ordered vortices has been predicted (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Specific Features of Spallation Processes in Polymethyl Methacrylate Under High Strain Rate
Authors: Geras'kin A.A. , Khishchenko K.V. , Krasyuk I.K. , Pashinin P.P. , Semenov A.Yu. , Vovchenko V.I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDirect laser interaction and laser‐driven thin foils were used for investigation spallation phenomena inpolymetyl metacrylate (PMMA) targets in case of high strain rate. The aluminium foils with thickness 8 and 15 mkm were used as impactors. Mass and velocity of the laser‐driven foils after laser ablation and acceleration were determined by the method of foil deceleration in a gas atmosphere. Basing on experimental data, we determined the spallation plane position and the moment for the spall layer to arrive at an additional electrocontact sensor located beside the rear side of the target. Then the spall strength and strain rate have been calculated numerically using a hydrodynamic code based on a wide‐range semi‐empirical equation of state for PMMA. As a result of these experiments, we have for the first time shown that the ultimate spall strength of PMMA (about 10 kbar) is achieved in case of strain rate ranging 1.5 × 106 to 6 × 106 1/s (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strongly Coupled Nonequilibrium Nanoplasma Generated by a Fast Single Ion in Solids
Authors: Faenov A.Ya. , Lankin A.V. , Morozov I.V. , Norman G.E. , Pikuz S.A. , Skobelev I.Yu. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA plasma model for relaxation of a medium in heavy ion tracks in condensed matter is proposed. The model is based on three assumptions: the Maxwell distribution of plasma electrons, localization of plasma inside the track nanochannel, and constant values of the plasma electron density and temperature during the X‐ray irradiation. It is demonstrated that the plasma relaxation model adequately describes the X‐ray spectra observed upon interaction of a fast ion with condensed target. Preassumptions of plasma relaxation model are validated by the molecular dynamics modeling and simulation (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ionography of Submicron Foils and Nanostructures Using Ion Flow Generated in FS‐Laser Cluster Plasma
Authors: Faenov A.Ya. , Pikuz T.A. , Pikuz S.A. , Fukuda Y. , Kando M. , Kotaki H. , Homma T. , Kawase K. , Kameshima T. , Pirozhkov A. , Yogo A. , Tampo M. , Kartashev V. , Skobelev I.Yu. , Gasilov S.V. , Boldarev A.S. , Gasilov V.A. , Magunov A. , Kar S. , Borghesi M. , Giulietti A. , Cecchetti C.A. , Mori M. , Sakaki H. , Hayashi Y. , Bolton P. , Nakamura T. , Daido H. , Tajima T. , Kato Y. , Bulanov S.V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel type of submicron ion radiography designed to image low‐contrast objects, including nanofoils, membranes and biological structures, is proposed. It is based on femtosecond–laser‐driven‐cluster‐ plasma source of multicharged ions and polymer dosimeter film CR‐39. The intense isotropic ion flow was produced by femtosecond Ti:Sa laser pulses with intensity ∼ 4x1017 W/cm2 absorbed in the supersonic jet of the mixed He and CO2 gases. Two Focusing Spectrometers with Spatial Resolution (FSSR) were used to measure X‐ray spectra of H‐and He‐like multicharged oxygen ions. The spectra testify that ions with energy more than 300 keV were radiated in different directions from the plasma source. High contrast ion radiography images were obtained for 2000 dpi metal mesh, 1 μm polypropylene and 100 nm Zr foils as well as for the different biological objects. Images were recorded on a 1 mm thick CR‐39 detector, placed in contact with back surface of the imaged samples at the distances 140 ‐160 mm from the ion source. The spatial resolution of the image no worse than 600 nm was provided. A difference in object thickness of 100 nm was very well resolved for both Zr and polymer foils. The ion radiography images recorded at different angles from the source, demonstrated almost uniform spatial distribution of ion with total number of 108 per shot (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Big Consequences of Small Changes (Non‐locality and non‐linearity of Hartree‐Fock equations)
Authors: Amusia M.Ya. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt is demonstrated that non‐locality and non‐linearity of Hartree‐Fock equations dramatically affect the properties of their solutions that essentially differ from solutions of Schrödinger equation with a local potential. Namely, it acquires extra zeroes, has different coordinate asymptotic, violates so‐called gauge‐invariance, has different scattering phases at zero energy, has in some cases several solutions with the same set of quantum numbers, usually equivalent expressions of current and Green's functions became non‐equivalent. These features result in a number of consequences for probabilities of some physical processes, leading e. g. to extra width of atomic Giant resonances and enhance considerably the ionization probability of inner atomic electrons by a strong field (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equation of State of Strongly Coupled Quark–Gluon Plasma – Path Integral Monte Carlo Results
Authors: Filinov V.S. , Bonitz M. , Ivanov Y.B. , Skokov V.V. , Levashov P.R. , Fortov V.E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA strongly coupled plasma of quark and gluon quasiparticles at temperatures from 1.1Tc to 3Tc is studied by path integral Monte Carlo simulations. This method extends previous classical nonrelativistic simulations based on a color Coulomb interaction to the quantum regime. We present the equation of state and find good agreement with lattice results. Further, pair distribution functions and color correlation functions are computed indicating strong correlations and liquid‐like behavior (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vacuum Particle Creation: Analogy with the Bloch Theory in Solid State Physics
Authors: Smolyansky S.A. , Tarakanov A.V. , Bonitz M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA nonperturbative kinetic description of interband tunneling under the action of a strong electric field (dynamical analogue of the Zener effect) is presented. The developed approach is based on the similarity to the Sauter‐Schwinger effect and its dynamical analogue in QED. The kinetic equation for electron‐hole quasiparticle excitations is derived on a dynamical basis in the framework of the oscillator representation. Numerical estimates are made for some simple cases of external fields. Detailed comparisons with the method based on the Bloch equations for electron‐hole systems interacting with a time dependent electric field are performed. The proposed approach is an alternative to the Bloch theory and does not use the dipole approximation. This leads to predictions which differ from the ones based on the Bloch equations, in particular, concerning the frequency dependence of the absorption coefficient (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Profiling of polychromatic flow cytometry data on B‐cells reveals patients' clusters in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Kalina Tomáš , Stuchlý Jan , Janda Aleš , Hrušák Ondřej , Růžičková Šárka , Šedivá Anna , Litzman Jiří , Vlková Marcela 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find an objective computational approach for phenotype analysis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients that describes all differences in the six‐color space and to form groups of patients using computational methods. CVID is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disorder where molecular defect is recognized in <10% of the cases and is unknown in the majority of patients. The current CVID classification, EUROClass, is based on quantification of selected B‐cell subsets. Using six‐color polychromatic flow cytometry, we analyzed B‐cell phenotypes in a cohort of 48 CVID patients and 49 healthy donors. We used a “probability binning” algorithm to create 1,024 bins (each bin is a six‐color gate) that covered the cells' distribution within the entire B‐cell compartment. A matrix file recording cellular content in all the bins was made. The hierarchical clustering of the individual samples was analyzed using a Pearson correlation of the bins' values. The Cut tree algorithm found 12 clusters. In six clusters, healthy individuals predominated; in one cluster, smB+CD21low (CVID patients by EUROClass) cells prevailed; in one cluster, smB−CD21norm cells prevailed; in one cluster, smB+CD21low cells prevailed; the remaining cluster was mixed. The overall reproducibility of probability binning clustering was confirmed by matching of replicates to the original cohort using the similarity matrix of the Pearson correlation, 15 replicates matched the same individual, three replicates matched a different individual within the same cluster, and three replicates matched to a different cluster. We were able to define B‐cell subsets over‐ or under‐represented in a particular cluster and display them back in the flow cytometry software. We describe a new analytical approach that enables a search in an objective computational environment for patient cohorts that are defined by similar B‐cell profiles and thus contribute to the description of differences between CVID patient groups. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cathelicidin peptide SMAP‐29: comprehensive review of its properties and potential as a novel class of antibiotics
Authors: Dawson Raymond M. , Liu Chun‐Qiang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide of 29 amino acids (SMAP‐29) is one of the most potent antimicrobial peptides known, with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It has also been shown to prevent infections in animals. SMAP‐29 is an α‐helical cathelicidin that acts rapidly to permeabilize membranes of susceptible organisms. However, it is also cytotoxic and hemolytic to mammalian cells. In this review, all published data on inhibition constants and hemolytic activities of SMAP‐29 are brought together for the first time, including data for the peptide of 28 residues that lacks the C‐terminal glycine and that also has the new C‐terminal residue amidated. Both peptides have been called SMAP‐29 in the literature. Antimicrobial activity of SMAP‐29 variants (including ovispirins) against Gram‐positive bacteria is also comprehensively tabulated, and anomalies in the nomenclature of the ovispirins are highlighted. The secondary structure, mode of action, and structure–activity relationships of SMAP‐29 are outlined, and the properties that indicate its therapeutic potential are identified; these are its broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity with high potency, rapid biocidal action, limited development of bacterial resistance, synthesis by recombinant technology, ability to bind lipopolysaccharide, and demonstrated protection against infection in animal models. The limitations of SMAP‐29 are its high cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, reduced activity under physiological conditions, and limited evidence for synergistic effects in combination with conventional antibiotics. Strategies with the potential to improve the selectivity toward pathogenic microorganisms over mammalian cells have been devised by the authors and are outlined. Drug Dev Res 70: 481–498, 2009. © 2009 Commonwealth of Australia; Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 10/09
Authors: Lei Yu , Liu Cunlan , Saito Fumi , Fukui Yoshinori , Takahama Yousuke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe cover image is a colour inverted figure taken from Role of DOCK2 and DOCK180 in fetal thymus colonization by Lei et al. (pp. 2695–2702). By co‐staining sections of frozen embryos for CD45 and keratin, the authors elegantly show that a combination of DOCK2 and DOCK180, two closely related CDM family molecules, plays a significant role in prevascular fetal thymus colonization.
MCE enzyme immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha‐fetoprotein using electrochemical detection
Authors: Zhang Shusheng , Cao Wei , Li Jing , Su Mingming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn MCE electrochemical enzyme immunoassay protocol for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was reported. Two antigens (Ag), CEA and AFP, were incubated simultaneously with an excess amount of horseradish peroxidase‐labeled antibody (Ab*). The free Ab* and the Ab*–Ag complex produced in the solution were first separated through a postcolumn reaction and then traced by the enzyme substrate o‐aminophenol. The 3‐aminophenoxazine produced in enzyme reaction was detected with downstream amperometric detection. The separations were performed at a separation voltage of +1.4 kV and were completed in less than 60 s. The better analytical performance and distinct miniaturization/portability for MCE at less assay time and sample volume consumption was achieved. The detection limit of CEA and AFP was calculated to be 0.25 and 0.13 ng/mL, respectively. Therefore, MCE could be used as a sensitive and new tool in separation science and offered considerable promise in biological sample analysis or quick clinical diagnosis.
Multiple‐point electrochemical detection for a dual‐channel hybrid PDMS‐glass microchip electrophoresis device
Authors: Castaño‐Álvarez Mario , Fernández‐la‐Villa Ana , Pozo‐Ayuso Diego F. , Fernández‐Abedul María Teresa , Costa‐García Agustín 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new PDMS‐based dual‐channel MCE with multiple‐point amperometric detection has been evaluated. Electrophoresis has been optimised in a single‐channel device. Pretreatment with 0.1 M NaOH is very important for increasing and stabilising the EOF. The precision is adequate for a day's work in terms of both peak current and migration time. The RSD of the peak current for five successive signals was 1.9, 2.4 and 3.1% for dopamine, p‐aminophenol and hydroquinone. RSD for the migration time was always less than 1.3%, which demonstrates the stability of the EOF and the possibility of running multiple experiments in the same microchip. The adequate inter‐microchip precision as well as the rapid and simple manufacturing procedure indicates the disposable nature of the PDMS microchips. A dual‐channel device with very simple multiple‐point amperometric detection is proposed here. Elasticity of the PDMS allows removing the polymer slightly and aligning gold wires working electrodes. Injection can be performed from each of the sample reservoirs or from both simultaneously. The distance between the separation channels is critical for obtaining adequate signals as well as the introduction of a high‐voltage electrode in the buffer reservoir. Simultaneous measurement of the same analytes in both channels is possible by applying the same potential. Moreover, since no cross‐separation is produced, different analytes or samples can be simultaneously measured.
Application of microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection to environmental aldehyde monitoring
Authors: Dossi Nicolò , Susmel Sabina , Toniolo Rosanna , Pizzariello Andrea , Bontempelli Gino 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA method based on microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination at trace levels of the main small‐chain aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and 2‐propenal) present in the atmosphere. Sampling was performed by forcing atmospheres through silica‐gel cartridges coated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), where aldehydes were derivatized to form the corresponding hydrazones, which were then injected and eluted into the electrophoresis system. Factors affecting both separation and detection processes were optimized, with best performance achieved by applying a voltage of 2500 V both in the separation and in the electrokinetic injection (5 s) and using a 15 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2) added with 25 mM of SDS and 20% v/v ACN plus 10% v/v 1‐propanol. Under these optimal conditions, well satisfactory resolution could be achieved, so that the analytes could be separated and detected within about 400 s, by applying a detection potential of – 1.0 V versus Ag/Ag/Cl to the glassy carbon‐working electrode. The recorded peaks were characterized by both a good repeatibility (RSD <3%) and a linear dependence over a wide concentration range (2–100 μg/mL). Detection limits, estimated for a S/N of 3, equal to 9.5, 7.2 and 9.2 μM were inferred for the DNPH derivatives of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2‐propenal, respectively. The application of the method to aldehyde analysis in real air samples is also presented.
Amperometric detection in microchip electrophoresis devices: Effect of electrode material and alignment on analytical performance
Authors: Fischer David J. , Hulvey Matthew K. , Regel Anne R. , Lunte Susan M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe fabrication and evaluation of different electrode materials and electrode alignments for microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection is described. The influences of electrode material, both metal and carbon‐based, on sensitivity and LOD were examined. In addition, the effects of working electrode alignment on analytical performance (in terms of peak shape, resolution, sensitivity, and LOD) were directly compared. Using dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and catechol (CAT) as test analytes, it was found that pyrolyzed photoresist electrodes with end‐channel alignment yielded the lowest LOD (35 nM for DA). In addition to being easier to implement, end‐channel alignment also offered better analytical performance than off‐channel alignment for the detection of all three analytes. In‐channel electrode alignment resulted in a 3.6‐fold reduction in peak skew and reduced peak tailing by a factor of 2.1 for CAT in comparison to end‐channel alignment.
Integrated electrochemical DNA biosensors for lab‐on‐a‐chip devices
Authors: Mir Mònica , Homs Antoni , Samitier Josep 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAnalytical devices able to perform accurate and fast automatic DNA detection or sequencing procedures have many potential benefits in the biomedical and environmental fields. The conversion of biological or biochemical responses into quantifiable optical, mechanical or electronic signals is achieved by means of biosensors. Most of these transducing elements can be miniaturized and incorporated into lab‐on‐a‐chip devices, also known as Micro Total Analysis Systems. The use of multiple DNA biosensors integrated in these miniaturized laboratories, which perform several analytical operations at the microscale, has many cost and efficiency advantages. Tiny amounts of reagents and samples are needed and highly sensitive, fast and parallel assays can be done at low cost. A particular type of DNA biosensors are the ones used based on electrochemical principles. These sensors offer several advantages over the popular fluorescence‐based detection schemes. The resulting signal is electrical and can be processed by conventional electronics in a very cheap and fast manner. Furthermore, the integration and miniaturization of electrochemical transducers in a microsystem makes easier its fabrication in front of the most common currently used detection method. In this review, different electrochemical DNA biosensors integrated in analytical microfluidic devices are discussed and some early stage commercial products based on this strategy are presented.
Streamflow estimation using optimal regional dependency function
Authors: Altunkaynak Abdüsselam 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe determination of spatial dependency of regionalized variable (ReV) is important in engineering studies. Regional dependency function that leads to calculation of weighting coefficients is required in order to make regional or point‐wise estimations. After obtaining this dependency function, it is possible to complete missing records in the time series and locate new measurement station. Also determination of regional dependency function is also useful to understand the regional variation of ReV. Point Cumulative Semi‐Variogram (PCSV) is another methodology to understand the regional dependency of ReV related to the magnitude and the location. However, this methodology is not useful to determine the weighting coefficient, which is required to make regional and point‐wise estimations. However, in Point Semi‐Variogram (PSV) proposed here, weighting coefficient depends on both magnitude and location. Although the regional dependency function has a fluctuating structure in PSV approach, this function gradually increases with distance in PCSV. The study area is selected in Mississippi river basin with 38 streamflow stations used for PCSV application before. It is aimed to compare two different geostatistical models for the same data set. PSV method has an ability to determine the value of variable along with optimum number of neighbour stations and influence radius. PSV and slope PSV approaches are compared with the PCSV. It was shown that slope slope point semi‐variogram (SPSV) approaches had relative error below 5%, and PSV and PCSV methods revealed relative errors below 10%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.