bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS OF TROPICAL MUSSEL LARVAE
Authors: Siddall S. E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo species of tropical mussels of the genus Perna are presently being cultured as food resources. The brown mussel of Venezuela (Perna perna) is raft cultured while the Philippine green mussel (P. viridis = Mytilus smaragdinus) is harvested from submerged bamboo poles. For this study, I imported, quarantined and spawned adults of both species in my laboratory and reared the larvae beyond metamorphosis (24 days) in replicate cultures at 40 different combinations of temperature and salinity. Response surface analyses of data collected at intervals show significant changes in the temperature and salinity optima for growth and survival during the planktonic stages preceding metamorphosis. However, analyses of the data taken only at the termination of the experiment predict quite different optimum conditions. These data amount to a biological summation of the varying temperature and salinity requirements of the larvae throughout the experimental culture. I have developed a generalized model for the growth responses of tropical mussel larvae which is presented as a motion picture study of the changing responses to temperature and salinity.
TECHNIQUES FOR CULTURING THE AMERICAN EEL
Authors: Rickards W. L. , Jones W. R. , Foster J. E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAmerican eels (Anguilla rostrata) have been cultured from the elver stage to marketable size in a flow‐through freshwater system. Elvers were captured in coastal freshwater streams using fine mesh dip nets and traps. The young eels were then held in indoor tanks where they became adapted to feeding on a prepared diet and they were treated for external parasites and diseases. When outdoor water temperatures stabilized above 18°C, the eels were transplanted to grow‐out ponds and reared to market size in 14 to 18 months.The culture techniques described in this paper include: 1) obtaining elvers, 2) disease prophylaxis, 3) feeding adaptation, and 4) pond grow‐out. Details are presented concerning elver harvesting and transport, diets and feeding methods, and the culture system.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE‐SCALE Artemia HATCHING SYSTEM UTILIZING RECIRCULATED WATER1
Authors: Smith T. I. J. , Hopkins J. S. , Sandifer P. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWide variations in the production of Artemia nauplii were observed among cysts purchased from different suppliers as well as among batches obtained from the same suppliers. Some cysts hatched well after 18 or 24 hours while others required 48 hours to produce maximum availability of nauplii. Hatching salinity (12–36 ppt) appeared to be of relatively little importance as compared to batch and hatching time variations. A study which compared availability of nauplii at 2 salinities (30 and 15 ppt) and 2 hatching times (24 and 48 hours) indicated that cysts from 5 batches hatched as well or better in the lower salinity water (15 ppt). Finally, the hatching of cysts in solutions of synthetic sea salts or block salt (NaCl) resulted in the availability of similar numbers of nauplii.A detailed description of a large‐scale Artemia hatching system using recirculated water is provided. The system consists basically of 2 950‐liter conical bottom hatching tanks, a nauplii/cyst separation tank, and a biological filter and water reservoir. It was designed to eliminate electrical hazards and to be semi‐automated. The system is relatively simple to operate and results in efficient hatching of cysts. The incorporation of a recirculating water system permits maintenance of optimal water quality throughout the hatching period and results in the conservation of materials and energy.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND PERFORMANCE: BIVALVE MOLLUSCAN MARICULTURE
Authors: Pruder G. D. , Bolton E. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe University of Delaware Maricultural Project is working toward development of commercial, closed‐cycle, controlled environment shellfish mariculture. As the result of several years effort, the technical feasibility of raising bivalve molluscs from egg to market size in a re‐circulating system on a diet of cultured algae has been demonstrated.A previous estimate of the quantity of algal cells required to support vigorous growth of oysters is revised. An indoor recycle system and a prototype greenhouse system are described. Results of work in the mass outdoor cultivation of algae, which contribute to establishing an abundant and reliable supply of food for bivalve molluscan mariculture, are discussed.
EVALUATION OP A RECIRCULATING FRESHWATER SALMON REARING FACILITY USING CLINOPTILOLITE FOR AMMONIA REMOVAL
Authors: Mumaw Laura , Bruin William , Nightingale John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Seattle Aquarium has reared coho and Chinook fingerlings since 1978 in a 36,000 liter recirculating freshwater system utilizing clinoptilolite (clino) for ammonia removal. The system has effectively produced 140,000 smolts, due in large part to the efficient removal of fish‐excreted ammonia by the clino filters. Quantitative studies were performed to assess clino filter loading capacity and to establish effective recharging techniques. The operational characteristics of the clino filters and suggestions for using them in freshwater recirculating culture systems are discussed.
EASILY CONSTRUCTED, ECONOMICAL SEAWATER INTAKE AND SUPPLY SYSTEM
Authors: Bouck Gerald R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA water intake system was designed and installed in Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington. The dual system consisted of polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes, a concrete pit and pumps located on shore at zero tide; and cables attached laterally to the pipelines and terminally between a shoreward anchor and to a seaward intake sled held in place with an 1800 kg Dansforth anchor. The overall construction costs were much lower than those for concrete‐lined ductile iron pipe. Nearly three years after its construction, this system has withstood tides and storms without apparent adverse effect. Its application to lakes or rivers is equally possible.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SUSPENSION TRAY SYSTEM FOR THE CULTURE OF PACIFIC OYSTERS,Crassostrea gigas, IN TREVENEN BAY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Wiley Kent , Zahradnik John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe objective was to design and evaluate a suspension oyster tray unit to optimize conditions necessary for the successful commercial culture of Pacific oysters for the half‐shell trade.Units were located at two sites in Trevenen Bay. One location was sheltered and calm; the other was a natural tidal raceway with intense current flow. The purpose was to test the ability of the design to provide uniform growth, retard fouling, be handled efficiently and be economically feasible to construct. Assessing performance was based on monitoring shell growth, condition index, fouling occurrence, materials handling and the capital costs of the system. Field experimentation began in June and terminated in October 1979. Suspension tray units performed similarly at both sites, exhibited little variation in shell growth in the series of five trays in an assembly, retarded fouling and proved economically feasible for commercial use.
BUDGET ANALYSIS OF SHRIMP MATURATION FACILITY
Authors: Johns Michael , Griffin Wade , Lawrence Addison , Hutchins David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractShrimp maturation and reproduction has long been one of the hurdles that must be surmounted to make shrimp farming commercially feasible. Nauplii are now successfully being produced and the commercial feasibility of their production is investigated in this study. The generalized budget simulation model for aquacultural facilities recently developed at Texas A&M University was used for the analysis.An annual budget was estimated to determine costs, returns and profit. Annual cash flow was generated for a 10‐year planning horizon. Opportunity cost, initial investment, costs and break‐even quantities and prices were also determined.
GROWTH OF WHITE STURGEON (Acipenser transmontanus) UNDER HATCHERY CONDITIONS
Authors: Monaco George , Buddington R. K. , Doroshov S. I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhite sturgeon juveniles were raised for 10 months posthatch under various regimens of feeding, water temperature, and stocking density. Transition to external feeding in larvae occurred 9 to 11 days posthatch and was accompanied by major changes in allometric growth and larval behavior. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and survival rate varied significantly throughout the rearing period in the 4 progenies investigated. Growth in body weight for all progenies was largely dependent on water temperature and feeding. On the average, fingerlings raised on natural diets (brine shrimp and tubifex, followed by ground fish) grew 6% of their body weight per day, whereas fingerlings fed artificial pelleted diets (Oregon Moist Pellets) or a mixture of pelleted and natural feeds grew 1–4% per day. Certain individuals (20% of population investigated), however, established a strong feeding performance on artificial diets and exhibited twice the growth rate of fish raised on natural diets; these fish reached a mean body weight of 282 g at 10 months post‐hatch. Assuming more efficient procedures are developed for weaning this fish onto artificial diets, the white sturgeon has demonstrated a potential for use in intensive grow‐out systems.
PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE AQUACULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOLPHIN FISH, Coryphaena hippurus (LINNAEUS)
Authors: Hagood R. W. , Rothwelly G. N. , Swafford M. , Tosaki M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFirst and second generation (F1 and F2), laboratory reared juvenile Coryphaena hippurus were used in preliminary growth studies. Fish were stocked in circular tanks and fed a diet of chopped herring and squid. Initial size and age of fish used in these studies were as follows: 61 mm TL, 1.6 g, and 45 days old for F1 and 87 mm TL, 5.95 g, and 65 days old for F2. Mean size at 130 days of age was 560 mm TL and 1,305 g for F1 and 540 mm TL and 1,150 g for F2. Food conversion ratios were 3.05 and 2.9 4 for F1 and F2 fish, respectively.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF HARD CLAM (Mercenaria mercenaria) MARICULTURE IN SOUTH CAROLINA: PRELIMINARY REPORT1
Authors: Manzi John J. , Burrell Victor G. , Clawson Harry Q. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResults from both previous and ongoing investigations on hard clam culture in South Carolina indicate a reasonable commercial potential for intensive clam culture on an industrial scale. To assess this potential and provide an appropriate economic feasibility analysis, the State of South Carolina, in cooperation with private industry and the U.S. Office of Sea Grant, has established a demonstration scale hard clam culture project near Charleston, S.C. The project operates on a two‐stage grow‐out protocol: raceways are used to provide initial grow‐out (to 10 mm) and allow acclimation and disease monitoring for imported seed; final grow‐out is accomplished in field units which provide protection from predators and substrate for support and orientation. Seed clams ranging in size from 300 μ to 10 mm are imported from commercial hatcheries, held in the raceway system for growth and observation and transferred to field units as they acclimate or attain minimum field planting size. Using this protocol, over 2.7 million seed are being planted in South Carolina estuaries over a 13‐month period (October 1980‐October 1981). Field units are stocked at three densities, 2,150, 4,300, and 6,450 m‐2, using both intertidal and floating (raft) formats and a variety of substrates (crushed granite, chromium oxide slag, coarse sand, etc.). Units are sampled monthly to determine growth and survival, and these data are correlated with coincidental monitoring of various environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, particulate, dissolved, and total organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and turbidity). This paper reviews results to date and provides descriptive data concerning the raceway system, field units, and support equipment.
MONO‐ AND POLYCULTURE OF Penaeus vannamei AND P. stylirostris IN PONDS
Authors: Chamberlain George W. , Hutchins David L. , Lawrence Addison L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolyculture of fish has been shown to be an effective means of increasing production beyond that achieved in monoculture, but little research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of polyculture on production of shrimp species. This research was designed to investigate performance of Penaeus vannamei (v) and P. stylirostris (s) in monoculture (treatments 100v and 100s) as well as in polyculture at various species ratios (75v:25s, 50v:50s, and 25v:75s) at a constant density of 1.8 × 105 /ha. Shrimp were stocked into fifteen 0.1‐ha ponds at the Texas A&M University Mariculture Facility for 123–134 days. Results indicate a higher mean survival rate (73 vs 22%) but lower mean growth rate (0.09 vs 0.14 g/day) of P. vannamei than P. stylirostris. Survival rates of neither species differed significantly among treatments. Final weight of each species significantly decreased with increasing density of the same species but significantly increased with increasing density of the other species. Best growth of both species occurred in the 75v:25s treatment. Observed differences in distribution and diel activity of the two species within ponds may partly explain the compatability of these two species in polyculture. Production rates (range, 690 to 2,180 kg/ha) and value (range, US$2,720 to US$5,740/ha) among treatments generally increased with increasing composition of P. vannamei; however, no significant difference in mean value was detected between the 100v and 75v:25s treatments.As a secondary objective of this study, performance of shrimp (25v: 75s treatment) in a single‐phase pond system was compared to that in a three‐phase (nursery, intermediate, and grow‐out) system. Survival, growth, production, and value were found to be similar between systems.
PARASITES AND PARASITOSIS IN FISH CULTURE IN PORTUGAL
Authors: Carvalho‐Varela M. , Cunha‐Ferreira V. , e Silva M. P. Cruz , Monteiro M. T. , Grazina‐Freitas M. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with research work covering the period from May 1979 up to May 1981 and presents results of parasites and parasitosis diagnosed in a total of 195 complete dissections of six fish species from cultured and feral populations in Portugal: European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (49); mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio specularis) (29); common grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) (18); European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) (11); rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (42); common sole (Solea solea) (46).A list of protozoans and helminths identified with respective incidence is given:A) Feral fish: 1) European eel (17)—Echinorhynchus clavula 11.8% and Rhabdochona anguilla 5.9%; 2) common grey mullet (18)—Haploporus benedenii 16.7%, Neoechinorhynchus sp. 5.6%, and Raphidascaris sp. 5.6%; 3) European plaice (11)—Bothriocephalus sp. larvae 9.1%, Contracaecum aduncum 9.1%, and Cryptocotyle lingua 9.1%; 4) common sole (46)—Cucullanellus minutus 8.7%, Gyrodactylus elegans 4.3%, and Cestodes larvae 2.2%.B) Cultured fish: 1) European eel (32)—Trichodina anguillae 3.1% and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis 18.8%; 2) rainbow trout (42)—Eimeria truttae 2.4%, Hexamita intestinalis 4.8%, Holophrya simplex 2.4%, and Trichodina truttae 4.8%.The results show that feral fish harbor predominantly indirect life cycle helminths, in contrast with cultured fish only affected with protozoans, due mainly to overcrowding and deficient management, which propitiate a significant background infection. It was in these specimens that some lesions characteristic of protozoosis were found.
NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY OF BIRDS ON SHRIMP MARICULTURE PONDS
Authors: Beynon Jeffrey L. , Hutchins David L. , Rubino Anthony J. , Lawrence Addison L. , Chapman Brian R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBirds can reduce production of shrimp in mariculture grow‐out ponds through predation and competition for feed. This study involved weekly nocturnal enumeration of bird populations and observation of nocturnal avian habits on a series of 0.1 ha experimental ponds at the Texas A&M University Shrimp Mariculture Facility at Corpus Christi, Texas. Observations were conducted hourly from sunset to sunrise during October through December 1980. The rate of predation was evaluated every three hours by comparing the number of feeding attempts to the number of successful prey captures over a known time period.Gulls (Family Laridae) acted primarily as competitors for feed. Active feeding by gulls was restricted to daylight hours, consequently feed loss decreased when the feed was distributed at or after dusk. Major preadatory birds included herons and egrets (F. Ardeidae), migratory ducks (F. Anatidae), and, to a lesser extent, grebes (F. Podicipedidae) and shorebirds (Order Charadriiformes). Bird predation decreased pond production by 75% in some ponds.
THE EFFECT OF FISH MEAL CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FISH SOLUBLES ON THE GROWTH OF RAINBOW TROUT (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Gulbrandsen K. E. , Utne F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fish soluble additives in fish meal used as a protein source in dry diets to rainbow trout. Experiment I was made up by 3 dietary groups, run with 4 replicates of 100 trout on each diet. The protein sources examined were as follows: (1) presscakemeal, (2) whole meal, and (3) whole meal + lysine to the same levels as (1). The experiment was run for 12 weeks with ad libitum feeding three times a day. The results showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) weight gain for trout given presscakemeal as compared with whole meal. Experiment II evaluated 3 diets, run in triplicates with 100 trout in each aquarium. Presscakemeal (1), whole meal (2), and whole meal + extra addition of fish solubles (3) were examined as protein sources. The experiment was conducted for 16 weeks. The average weight gains were not significantly different among the dietary groups. The conclusion drawn from the experiments is that fish meal with fish soluble additives is preferred as a protein source in feed for rainbow trout.
NET‐PEN CULTURE OF STRIPED BASS X WHITE BASS HYBRIDS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA: A PILOT STUDY1
Authors: Williams Josephine E. , Sandifer Paul A. , Lindbergh Jon M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn 1978 a cooperative pilot study was initiated by the Marine Resources Research Institute and DØMSEA Farms, Inc. to examine the feasibility of rearing striped bass (Morone saxatilis) x white bass (M. chrysops) hybrids to marketable pan‐size in estuarine net‐pens. The first study was begun in July 1978 when a total of 1,070 hybrid fingerlings (mean weight, 1.7 g) were stocked in 3.05 × 2.44 × 1.83 m deep net‐pens moored to a commercial marina dock on the Stono River near Charleston, S.C. During the first month these fish suffered a 76% mortality, apparently as a result of feeding only a dry salmon ration. Thereafter, the remaining fish were fed the dry ration mixed approximately half‐and‐half with ground fish. At the end of one year, these fish had attained a mean weight of 523.0 g, with 74.6% survival.A second experiment was begun in July 1979 when 900 hybrid fingerlings (mean weight, 3.0 g) were stocked in each of three 3.05 × 2.44 × 1.83 m net‐pens at the marina (stocking density, ˜66 fish/m3). The fish were fed a mixture of dry salmon feed and ground fish throughout. At the end of one year, survival and weight averaged 88% and 310.2 g, respectively. Biomass in the pens at this time averaged 16 kg/m3.Little growth or active feeding occurred at temperatures < 15°C. In contrast, salinity variations had no apparent effect on growth. However, a period of decreasing salinity in early spring coincided with an outbreak of a bacterial disease (cf. Vibrio anguillarum) among striped bass fingerlings reared in adjacent pens. Fish which had been treated with a vaccine solution did not succumb to the disease, while approximately 50% mortality occurred among non‐vaccinated fingerlings.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITRITE TO SEA BASS (Dicentrarchus labrax) AND EUROPEAN EEL (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Saroglia M. G. , Scarano G. , Tibaldi E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStatic acute toxicity tests of 4 and 7 days duration were performed on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The 96‐hour LC50 for sea bass (x̄; = 5 cm) was 274, 220, and 154 mg/liter N‐NO2 at water temperatures of 17, 23 and 27°C, respectively, in sea water. The 96‐hour LC50 for eel elvers was 84, 213, 264, 503, 812 and 974 at salinities of 0, 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 g/liter.
RELATIVE EFFICACY OF TWO ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES IN THE COLLECTION OF SEA SCALLOP (Placopecten magellanicus) SPAT
Authors: Naidu K. S. , Cahill F. M. , Lewis D. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRelative efficacy of two substrates commonly employed for procuring scallop spat is described. Monofilament gillnetting was superior to flexible polyethylene insofar as collecting greater numbers of sea scallops was concerned. Overlapping in sheet polyethylene resulted in rapid substrate saturation thus reducing substrate surface for larval attachment.
THE CONTROLLED REPRODUCTION OF THE CARPET‐SHELL CLAM (Venerupis decussata [L.]): PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Breber Paolo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTrials to obtain out‐of‐season spawning in 13 lots of V. decussata are described. When the animals are considered to be ripe they are treated by thermal and chemical stimulus to set off spawning. A preliminary trial clearly indicated the necessity of feeding the animals undergoing conditioning. Spawning with development of larvae was achieved in two instances after conditioning for two months at 20°C. But inconsistent results in other attempts question the reliability of this method. The culture of 2 lots of larvae is described. After 3 months from egg fertilization clams reach 5 mm mean size with 1% survival.
L‐LACTIC ACID ACCUMULATION DURING ACTIVITY STRESS IN Macrobrachium rosenbergii AND Penaeus duorarum
Authors: Spotts Daniel G. , Lutz Peter L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEnergy demand during the stress of activity and handling of aquaculture animals often induces anaerobic metabolism causing lactic acidosis. Although noted in fish and some crustaceans the extent, or rate of lactic acid accumulation in commercial species of shrimp and prawns during exercise is unknown. Whole body lactic acid concentrations in resting and exhausted Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus duorarum were obtained after immersion in liquid nitrogen. Lactic acid increased sixfold from 0.091 ± .015 mg lactic acid/g body weight to 0.610 ± 0.045 mg/g after an average of 1.4 minutes of activity in M. rosenbergii. Similarly, concentrations increased over five‐fold from 0.121 ± 0.040 mg/g to 0.630 ± 0.250 mg/g after an average of 0.9 minutes in P. duorarum. The implications of these large and rapid accumulations of lactic acid following handling stress are discussed with reference to disease and mortality as well as product quality.
CONSUMPTION OF FROZEN AND LIVE Artemia BY PROTOZOEA OF Penaeus setiferus
Authors: Wilkenfeld Joshua S. , Fox Joe M. , Lawrence Addison L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe role of an animal component in the diet of protozoeal penaeid shrimp larvae is not known. Short‐term experiments were performed on the larvae of Penaeus setiferus (L.) to determine the ability of each protozoeal substage to consume frozen and live Artemia nauplii. Significant consumption of frozen Artemia took place during the protozoea 2 and 3 substages at rates of 1.0 and 1.6 Artemia nauplii/penaeid larva/hour respectively. Consumption of live Artemia occurred in the protozoea 3 substage, at a rate of 0.7 Artemia nauplii/penaeid larva/hour. Data suggesting that there is a beneficial role of an animal component in the diet of protozoeal penaeid shrimp larvae are discussed.