bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A child's asthma quality of life rating does not significantly influence management of their asthma
Authors: Mandhane Piush J. , McGhan Shawna L. , Sharpe Heather M. , Wong Eric , Hessel Pat A. , Befus A. Dean , Majaesic Carina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundChildren of parents who perceive their children have increased asthma severity use more medical services and reliever medication.MethodsA randomized control trial of the Roaring Adventures of Puff (RAP) education program was completed among 287 grade 2–5 children with asthma. Parents and children completed a quality of life (QOL) questionnaire pre‐intervention, 6 and 12 months post‐intervention. We hypothesized that RAP altered how parent's assessed their child's QOL with a resultant change in asthma management.ResultsPre‐intervention, parents rated their child's overall QOL higher than their child (parent 5.41 [95% CI 5.24, 5.58] vs. child 4.54 [95% CI 4.32, 4.75]; P < 0.001: paired t‐test). For every point increase in the parent's overall QOL score, the child was 36% less likely to receive inhaled corticosteroids in the prior 2 weeks (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46, 0.88; P = 0.024) and 46% less likely to have missed school due to asthma in the prior 6 months (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36, 0.82; P = 0.016: logistic regression). The child's QOL assessment, beyond that provided by their parent, was not associated with the asthma management outcomes examined. The RAP program decreased parent's symptoms QOL assessment by an improvement of 0.45 on a 7‐point scale greater than control at 6 months (95% CI −0.81, −0.09; P = 0.06). Moreover, the RAP interaction on parent symptoms rating was important in determining whether the child received a short‐acting beta‐agonist in the prior 2 weeks (P = 0.05).ConclusionsParent's QOL perception, and not the child's, is associated with asthma management. RAP decreased the parent's QOL symptoms assessment and was important in determining the child's asthma management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:141–148. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A versatile selection system for folding competent proteins using genetic complementation in a eukaryotic host
Authors: Lyngsø Christina , Kjaerulff Søren , Müller Sven , Bratt Tomas , Mortensen Uffe H. , Dal Degan Florence 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecombinant expression of native or modified eukaryotic proteins is pivotal for structural and functional studies and for industrial and pharmaceutical production of proteins. However, it is often impeded by the lack of proper folding. Here, we present a stringent and broadly applicable eukaryotic in vivo selection system for folded proteins. It is based on genetic complementation of the Schizosaccharomyces
pombe growth marker gene invertase fused C‐terminally to a protein library. The fusion proteins are directed to the secretion system, utilizing the ability of the eukaryotic protein quality‐control systems to retain misfolded proteins in the ER and redirect them for cytosolic degradation, thereby only allowing folded proteins to reach the cell surface. Accordingly, the folding potential of the tested protein determines the ability of autotrophic colony growth. This system was successfully demonstrated using a complex insertion mutant library of TNF‐α, from which different folding competent mutant proteins were uncovered.
Selective patterning of covalent molecular grafting on doped amorphous silicon templates
Authors: Sabbah Hussein , Chu Virginia , Conde Joao Pedro , Ababou‐Girard Soraya , Delhaye Thomas , LePottier Arnaud , Solal Francine , Godet Christian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLinear alkene molecules have been covalently immobilized on amorphous silicon surfaces. The larger thermal reactivity of n+‐doped vs. nominally undoped a‐Si:H surfaces towards perfluorodecene (PFD) molecules in the gas phase has been exploited to investigate a selective patterning of molecular grafting on a previously defined template of doped / undoped regions. PFD has been chosen to obtain hydrophobic monomolecular layers with fluorine labelling, useful for photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and NanoSIMS imaging.The template was obtained by growing undoped a‐Si:H on top of n+ a‐Si‐H, and defining 40 μm‐edge patterns of undoped a‐Si:H by reactive ion etching in a (CF4, O2) mixture. After native oxide removal, the patterned surface was exposed to PFD at 230 °C. NanoSIMS images, taken at increasing Cs+ irradiation doses, show the expected 19F and 28Si contrast on as‐grafted surfaces; this contrast disappears after ∼340 seconds Cs+ irradiation, corresponding to the desorption of the PFD monomolecular layer. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Columnar structured amorphous carbon nitride films
Authors: Aono Masami , Kikuchi Shunsuke , Tamura Naoyuki , Kitazawa Nobuaki , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Nitta Shoji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractColumnar structured amorphous carbon nitride films were deposited by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering from a graphite target in glow discharge plasma of nitrogen. The columnar structure was observed in all specimens of the amorphous carbon nitride (a‐CNx) films deposited on substrates of crystalline Si and quartz glass within substrate temperatures between RT and 853 K in nitrogen gas pressure of 0.12 to 0.8 Torr. The average diameter of the columns obtained from SEM was found to be about 40 nm. The results of XRD and FE‐TEM confirmed the columns were amorphous materials. However, the electrical properties reflected clearly the heterogeneous structure of a‐CNx films, i.e., the resistivity in the vertical to a‐CNx columns was lower as compared with that in the horizontal direction (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conductivity oscillations in Ge2Sb2Te5 films stimulated by phase transformations
Authors: Kozyukhin Sergey , Voronkov Edward , Egarmin Konstantin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe conductivity oscillations during phase transformations in a Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films, stimulated by a short electric pulse, have been studied. The faded oscillations exist even after a switching pulse off, if a pulse time is longer than a sample thermal time constant. A fixed electrical bias applied to a sample allows to record and controlling the appearance of oscillations. The observed phenomenon is explained by interactions of exothermic and endothermic processes during transformations that take place in different local regions of the sample. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of light soaking on CPM absorption spectra in silicon films with mixed amorphous‐nanocrystalline structure
Authors: Kazanskii Andrey , Kong Guanglin , Zeng Xiangbo , Hao Huiying 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effect of light soaking on photoconductivity and DC CPM absorption spectra in hydrogenated silicon films with mixed amorphous‐nanocrystalline structure studied. A series of biphase silicon films were deposited using very high frequency plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF‐PECVD) technique with hydrogen dilution ratios of silane from 10 to 40. The rate of photoconductivity decrease with light soaking time was increasingly suppressed as crystalline volume fraction in the film increased. For silicon films with low crystalline volume fraction, light soaking produced an increase in CPM absorption in the “defect” region of the spectrum at photon energies below 1.4 eV. For silicon films with high crystalline volume fraction, there was no substantial difference between CPM absorption spectra measured before and after light soaking. However, for silicon films with intermediate crystalline grain volume fraction, CPM absorption measurements revealed a dramatic increase in CPM absorption in the energy region (1.2 – 1.7) eV after light soaking. The results obtained indicate a possibility of light‐induced increase in the contribution of crystalline phase to the photoconductivity of silicon films with mixed amorphous‐nanocrystalline structure (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The kinetics of light‐induced defect creation in hydrogenated polymorphous silicon – stretched exponential relaxation
Authors: Morigaki K. , Hikita H. , Takeda K. , Cabarrocas P. Roca i 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe growing curve of light‐induced dangling bonds under illumination has been observed for various intensities of illumination in hydrogenated polymorphous silicon. It is fitted to a stretched exponential function with two parameters β and τ. The experimental results on the values of β and τ as functions of saturated dangling bond density Nss are compared with those calculated on the basis of our model for light‐induced defect creation in a‐Si:H. This comparison as well as the experimental result on saturated dangling bond density as a function of generation rate of free carriers is consistent with our model (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inline deposition of microcrystalline silicon solar cells using a linear plasma source
Authors: Zimmermann T. , Strobel C. , Albert M. , Beyer W. , Gordijn A. , Flikweert A. J. , Kuske J. , Bartha J. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work we investigate and discuss the influence of a dynamic inline deposition process on the properties of microcrystalline silicon solar cells. A VHF‐PECVD inline deposition system with linear plasma sources working at 81.36 MHz was employed for film preparation. We focused on the dynamic deposition of solar cells at different substrate carrier speeds. The solar cell properties as well as the crystallinity were determined and analyzed. Our best cells so far showed efficiencies of 6.3% at a static deposition rate of 0.43 nm/s. For increasing substrate carrier speeds no negative trend could be observed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum chemical modelling of Si sub‐surface amorphisation due to incorporation of H atoms and its stabilisation by O atoms
Authors: Pushkarchuk Alexander , Saad Anis , Pushkarchuk Vadim , Fedotov Alexander , Mazanik Alexander , Zinchuk Olga , Turishchev Sergey 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHere we present the results of systematic simulating studies of atomic configurations in silicon “surface clusters” with different numbers (per cluster) of interstitial H and O atoms as impurities, obtained by semi‐empirical (PM3) and DFT quantum‐chemical methods. The aim of modeling was to study the near‐surface region Si amorphization caused by H‐incorporation (from H‐plasma, for example) and changes in the atomic structure of this amorphized sub‐surface region by additionally incorporated O‐atoms. A set of SixHy[HLOM] clusters was used in order to reproduce a local atomic structure of H‐ or H‐O‐containing complexes with different numbers of impurity atoms per cluster for the corresponding Si (111) and Si (100) near‐surface regions. Here x ‐ number of Si atoms, y ‐ number of H atoms which saturate dangling bonds at the cluster surface, L ‐ number of incorporated H atoms which create hydrogen‐containing defect complexes, M ‐ number of O atoms incorporated in hydrogen‐containing complexes. The optimization procedure, using the PM3 and DFT levels quantum chemical theory geometry optimisation of all Si clusters, allowed comparison of changes in the atomic structures of Si surface and sub‐surface regions with different configurations of Si‐H and Si‐H‐O impurity complexes (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
N and P type top‐gate microcrystalline silicon TFTs processed at low temperature (T < 200 °C) on the same glass substrate
Authors: Souleiman Isman , Kandoussi Khalid , Belarbi Khaled , Cherfi Rabah , Fedala Abdlkrim , Coulon Nathalie , Simon Claude , Mohammed‐Brahim Tayeb 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLow temperature deposited RF‐PECVD undoped, arsenic and boron doped μc‐Si:H films are used to fabricate the N‐type and P‐type TFTs on the same glass substrate. The transistors have a coplanar top gate configuration and a silicon nitride as gate insulator. The 50 nm thin μc‐Si:H active layer showed a thermal activation energy of the conductivity of 0.57 eV and a crystalline volume fraction of 70%. The arsenic and boron doped μc‐Si:H source/drain contact layers showed a conductivity at room temperature of 5 S/cm and 2.5 S/cm respectively. These TFTs showed a field effect mobility of 0.3 cm2/V.s for electrons and 0.2 cm2/V.s for holes and an (ION/IOFF) current ratio of 107. These results show the possibility to produce CMIS (Complementary Metal Insulator Semiconductor) inverter with silicon nitride as gate insulator at very low temperature compatible with foreign substrates such as flexible plastics or textiles. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells with microcrystalline silicon carbide window layers and silicon absorber layers both prepared by Hot‐Wire CVD
Authors: Chen Tao , Huang Yuelong , Yang Deren , Carius Reinhard , Finger Friedhelm 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMicrocrystalline silicon carbide (μc‐SiC:H) window layers prepared by Hot‐Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HWCVD) were applied in thin film silicon solar cells with microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) absorber layers. The intrinsic μc‐Si:H absorber was prepared by HWCVD or Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) over a wide range of crystalline volume fractions. With both types of absorber layers high solar cell short circuit current densities (jSC) can be obtained due to the highly transparent μc‐SiC:H window layer and better optical matching. Using the μc‐Si:H absorber prepared by HWCVD yields an additional improvement in the open circuit voltage (VOC) of about 20 mV. A 1 μm thick μc‐Si:H cell was obtained with VOC = 549 mV and jSC = 25.6 mA/cm2 resulting in an efficiency of 9.2%. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensitivity experiments for ensemble forecasts of the extratropical transition of typhoon Tokage (2004)
Authors: Anwender Doris , Jones Sarah C. , Leutbecher Martin , Harr Patrick A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones often has a detrimental impact on predictability in the vicinity of the event and downstream. Ensemble forecasts provide an appropriate means by which to investigate both the uncertainty and the dynamical development leading to the different ET scenarios. Sensitivity experiments are presented using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EPS) to investigate different methods of perturbing the ensemble forecast of the ET of Typhoon Tokage (2004). During ET these perturbations have a notable impact on the ensemble spread representing the uncertainty. Three experiments were performed: one of them without singular vectors (SVs) targeted on the tropical cyclone, the second without stochastic physics and the third excluding both perturbation methods.The targeted perturbations are most important for sufficient spread in track and intensity. Without the targeted perturbations, the analysis is not contained within the ensemble spread. Stochastic physics leads to stronger reintensification of the ensemble members after ET. The higher track spread leads to higher variability in processes such as lower tropospheric latent heat release. This can be related to a higher spread in the upper‐level midlatitude flow for both perturbation methods. A connection is drawn between the strength of ET and the modification of the downstream midlatitude flow pattern. The uncertainty due to the targeted perturbations propagates downstream with a Rossby wave train excited during Tokage's ET. For the case of stochastic physics, the uncertainty spreads to the ridge directly downstream of the ET system but is not evident further downstream. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Doppler lidar measurements of oriented planar ice crystals falling from supercooled and glaciated layer clouds
Authors: Westbrook C. D. , Illingworth A. J. , O'Connor E. J. , Hogan R. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe properties of planar ice crystals settling horizontally have been investigated using a vertically pointing Doppler lidar. Strong specular reflections were observed from their oriented basal facets, identified by comparison with a second lidar pointing 4° from zenith. Analysis of 17 months of continuous high‐resolution observations reveals that these pristine crystals are frequently observed in ice falling from mid‐level mixed‐phase layer clouds (85% of the time for layers at −15 °C). Detailed analysis of a case study indicates that the crystals are nucleated and grow rapidly within the supercooled layer, then fall out, forming well‐defined layers of specular reflection. From the lidar alone the fraction of oriented crystals cannot be quantified, but polarimetric radar measurements confirmed that a substantial fraction of the crystal population was well oriented. As the crystals fall into subsaturated air, specular reflection is observed to switch off as the crystal faces become rounded and lose their faceted structure. Specular reflection in ice falling from supercooled layers colder than −22 °C was also observed, but this was much less pronounced than at warmer temperatures: we suggest that in cold clouds it is the small droplets in the distribution that freeze into plates and produce specular reflection, whilst larger droplets freeze into complex polycrystals. The lidar Doppler measurements show that typical fall speeds for the oriented crystals are ≈︁ 0.3 m s−1, with a weak temperature correlation; the corresponding Reynolds number is Re ∼ 10, in agreement with light‐pillar measurements. Coincident Doppler radar observations show no correlation between the specular enhancement and the eddy dissipation rate, indicating that turbulence does not control crystal orientation in these clouds. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
A new algorithm for the downscaling of cloud fields
Authors: Venema Victor , Garc Sebastián Gimeno , Simmer Clemens 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm for the downscaling of three‐dimensional cloud fields. The goal of the algorithm is to add realistic subscale variability to a coarse field taking the resolved variability into account. The method is tested by coarse graining high‐resolution sparse cumulus and broken stratocumulus clouds in the horizontal plane, downscaling these coarse fields back to the high resolution and comparing the radiative and microphysical properties of these downscaled fields with the original high‐resolution fields. The resolutions of the cumulus and stratocumulus clouds used for this purpose are increased by a factor of four and ten, respectively. The downscaling decreases the errors in the flux transmittance and reflectance of the cumulus and stratocumulus cloud fields by at least a factor of ten and three, respectively, compared to utilising the coarse cloud fields. A novel aspect of our algorithm is the fact that it constrains the high‐resolution fields of cloud liquid water content as well as the subscale cloud fraction. An alternative version that does not include cloud fraction information is less accurate, but still significantly better than using the coarse fields. The latter downscaling algorithm can also be utilised for the disaggregation of geophysical fields for which fractional coverages are not defined. Furthermore, the downscaling algorithm can be combined with our other algorithms to generate surrogate fields with other constraints, for example, surrogate clouds with a prescribed liquid water content height distribution. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Fast 802.11 handovers with 802.1X reauthentications
Authors: Marques Rodolphe , Araújo Edgar , Zúquete André 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFast handovers of roaming stations (STAs) between access points (APs) require preauthentication or fast reauthentication within new serving APs. The current standards address only over‐the‐DS (Distribution System) preauthentications for 802.1X authentications. However, over‐the‐DS preauthentication is not suitable for fast moving STAs, which may loose their connection with the currently serving AP before performing preauthentications in the neighbouring APs. This paper presents several ways to achieve fast 802.11 handovers while keeping the basic security features of 802.1X authentications. To do so, we designed a fast 802.1X reauthentication protocol. This protocol enables an STA to perform many fast 802.1X reauthentications after an initial, possible slow, 802.1X authentication. The reauthentication protocol requires little from the network environment, namely a new, central Reauthentication Service (RS) (possibly integrated with the local 802.1X Authentication Server). To speed up 802.1X reauthentications within handovers, the reauthentication protocol was piggybacked into 802.11 management frames that are ordinarily used during handovers. This way, we are able to perform 802.1X reauthentications while taking the normal, over‐the‐air 802.11 steps for performing handovers (network probing, authentication, and (re)association). Besides this over‐the‐air approach, we also show how the 802.1X reauthentication protocol can be implemented using an over‐the‐DS approach. A prototype implementation using over‐the‐air 802.1X reauthentication showed that handover delays can be dramatically reduced to 1.5 ms, while an 802.1X fast resume takes more than 150 ms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic modeling and prediction for accrual in clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Long Qi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPatient accrual in clinical trials is a topic of interest for important practical reasons. It has implications in both the initial planning and ongoing monitoring of trials. Slow accrual is of particular concern when it leads to reduced sample size. Although accrual in clinical trials has been studied and its estimation has been proposed and implemented, the existing methods are usually over‐simplified by assuming a constant or piecewise constant accrual rate, and more flexible and realistic methods are needed. In this paper, we discuss a principled framework to monitor and predict trial accrual. We model trial accrual using a non‐homogeneous Poisson process and model the underlying time‐dependent accrual rate using cubic B‐splines. The statistical inference and prediction procedure for the model are studied in a Bayesian paradigm. We conduct simulation studies to investigate the performance of the proposed approach and compare with a constant accrual rate model discussed by Gajewski et al. (Statist. Med. 2008; 27: 2328–2340). With satisfactory results, we illustrate the proposed method using accrual data from a real oncology trial. Our results show that the proposed model is more robust and achieves substantially better performance compared with the existing methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.