bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations among Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Health Indicators in American Indian and Alaska Native Adults
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Murtaugh Maureen A. , Edwards Sandra , Ma Khe-Ni , Etzel Ruth A. , Tom-Orme Lillian , Lanier Anne P. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Little is known about obesity-related health issues among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations. Approach. A large cohort of AIAN people was assembled to evaluate factors associated with health. Setting. The study was conducted in Alaska and on the Navajo Nation. Participants. A total of 11,293 AIAN people were included. Methods. We present data for body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) to evaluate obesity-related health factors. Results. Overall, 32.4% of the population were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), 47.1% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and 21.4% were very obese (BMI, ≥ 35 kg/m2). A waist circumference greater than 102 cm for men and greater than 88 cm for women was observed for 41.7% of men and 78.3% of women. Obese people were more likely to perceive their health as fair/poor than nonobese participants (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.71-2.14). Participants younger than 30 years were three times more likely to perceive their health as being fair or poor when their BMI results were 35 or greater compared with those whose BMI results were less than 25 kg/m2. A larger BMI was associated with having multiple medical conditions, fewer hours of vigorous activity, and more hours of television watching. Conclusions. Given the high rates of obesity in AIAN populations and the association of obesity with other health conditions, it is important to reduce obesity among AIAN people.
Relationship between 100% Juice Consumption and Nutrient Intake and Weight of Adolescents
Authors: O'Neil Carol E. , Nicklas Theresa A. , Kleinman Ronald 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. This study investigated the associations among 100% juice consumption, nutrient intake, and measures of weight in adolescents. Design. A cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (n = 3939) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 was conducted to assess nutrient and weight in categories of 100% juice consumption. Methods. Least square means and logistic regression analyses were generated, and were adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, and energy intake. Analyses were Bonferroni corrected with an effective p value of .0125. Results. Twenty-eight percent of adolescents (51% male, 42% Hispanic, 25% non-Hispanic white, 29% non-Hispanic black) consumed 100% juice the day of the recall. The mean amount of 100% juice consumed was 3.7 ounces (2.2% of energy intake). Compared with non-juice consumers, carbohydrate, fiber, vitamins C and B6, folate, potassium, copper, magnesium, and iron intakes of juice consumers were higher, and intakes of fat and saturated fatty acids were lower. Those consuming greater than 6 ounces of juice consumed more servings of fruit and less discretionary fat and added sugar than nonconsumers. No differences were found in weight by juice consumption group. Conclusion. In conclusion, when compared with non-juice consumers, adolescents consuming 100% juice did not show mean increased weight measures. Juice provided valuable nutrients, and consumption was associated with lower intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids, discretionary fat, and added sugars and with higher intakes of whole fruit; however, consumption was not associated with decreased intake of milk, meat, or grains.
Using Built Environmental Observation Tools: Comparing Two Methods of Creating a Measure of the Built Environment
Authors: Keast Erin M. , Carlson Nichole E. , Chapman Nancy J. , Michael Yvonne L. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Identify an efficient method of creating a comprehensive and concise measure of the built environment integrating data from geographic information systems (GIS) and the Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool (SWEAT). Design. Cross-sectional study using a population sample. Setting. Eight municipally defined neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon. Subjects. Adult residents (N = 120) of audited segments (N = 363). Measures. We described built environmental features using SWEAT audits and GIS data. We obtained information on walking behaviors and potential confounders through in-person interviews. Analysis. We created two sets of environmental measures, one based on the conceptual framework used to develop SWEAT and another using principal component analysis (PCA). Each measure's association with walking for transportation and exercise was then assessed and compared using logistic regression. Results. A priori measures (destinations, safety, aesthetics, and functionality) and PCA measures (accessibility, comfort/safety, maintenance, and pleasantness) were analogous in conceptual meaning and had similar associations with walking. Walking for transportation was associated with destination accessibility and functional elements, whereas walking for exercise was associated with maintenance of the walking area and protection from traffic. However, only PCA measures consistently reached statistical significance. Conclusion. The measures created with PCA were more parsimonious than those created a priori. Performing PCA is an efficient method of combining and scoring SWEAT and GIS data.
Elements of External Validity of Tools for Health: An Intervention for Construction Laborers
Authors: Hunt Mary K. , Harley Amy E. , Stoddard Anne M. , Lederman Ruth I. , MacArthur Mary Jane , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To examine the external validity of an efficacious tailored smoking cessation and nutrition improvement telephone intervention. Design. Comparison of characteristics of participants and nonparticipants (representativeness); examination of the extent of intervention implementation. Setting. Cancer center collaboration with a labor union. Subjects. Unionized construction laborers. Intervention. Tailored feedback report, telephone counseling, and supplementary educational materials focused on smoking cessation and improved nutrition. Measures. Background survey identifying socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics; process evaluation data; and final efficacy survey to determine participant satisfaction. Analysis. Cross-classification and the X2 test of homogeneity were used with categorically measured variables comparing participants and nonparticipants. We compared the means in the two groups for continuously scaled measures using the Student t-test and investigated the multivariable association of the characteristics of participation with a multiple logistic regression. For process data we present frequencies, percentages, and means. Results. Characteristics associated with participation included self-efficacy to change fruit and vegetable consumption (p = .0009) and self-identification with union's problems (p = 0.05). Eighty-six percent of non-smokers and 61% of smokers completed between 1 and 4 counseling sessions. Over one-half of non-smokers (61%) and smokers (53%) completed 4 or more calls and more smokers (34%) than non-smokers (11%) completed the 5+ sessions. Conclusions. These results provide a snapshot of characteristics of construction laborers to whom this intervention can be generalized and indicators of feasibility necessary for translating research into practice.
Potential Health Benefits and Medical Cost Savings from Calorie, Sodium, and Saturated Fat Reductions in the American Diet
Authors: Doll Timothy M. , Fulgoni Victor L. , Zhang Yiduo , Reimers Kristin J. , Packard Patricia T. , Astwood James D. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Model the potential national health benefits and medical savings from reduced daily intake of calories, sodium, and saturated fat among the U.S. adult population. Design. Simulation based on secondary data analysis; quantitative research. Measures include the prevalence of overweight/obesity, uncontrolled hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and related chronic conditions under various hypothetical dietary changes. Setting. United States. Subjects. Two hundred twenty-four million adults. Measures. Findings come from a Nutrition Impact Model that combines information from national surveys, peer-reviewed studies, and government reports. Analysis. The simulation model predicts disease prevalence and medical expenditures under hypothetical dietary change scenarios. Results. We estimate that permanent 100-kcal reductions in daily intake would eliminate approximately 71.2 million cases of overweight/obesity and save $58 billion annually. Long-term sodium intake reductions of 400 mg/d in those with uncontrolled hypertension would eliminate about 1.5 million cases, saving $2.3 billion annually. Decreasing 5 g/d of saturated fat intake in those with elevated cholesterol would eliminate 3.9 million cases, saving $2.0 billion annually. Conclusions. Modest to aggressive changes in diet can improve health and reduce annual national medical expenditures by $60 billion to $120 billion. One use of the model is to estimate the impact of dietary change related to setting public health priorities for dietary guidance. The findings here argue that emphasis on reduction in caloric intake should be the highest priority.
Predicted National Productivity Implications of Calorie and Sodium Reductions in the American Diet
Authors: Dall Timothy M. , Fulgoni Victor L. , Zhang Yiduo , Reimers Kristin J. , Packard Patricia T. , Astwood James D. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To model the potential long-term national productivity benefits from reduced daily intake of calories and sodium. Design. Simulation based on secondary data analysis; quantitative research. Measures include absenteeism, presenteeism, disability, and premature mortality under various hypothetical dietary changes. Setting. United States. Subjects. Two hundred twenty-five million adults. Measures. Findings come from a Nutrition Impact Model that combines information from national surveys, peer-reviewed studies, and government reports. Analysis. We compare current estimates of national productivity loss associated with overweight, obesity, and hypertension to estimates for hypothetical scenarios in which national prevalence of these risk factors is lower. Using the simulation model, we illustrate how modest dietary change can achieve lower national prevalence of excess weight and hypertension. Results. We estimate that permanent 100-kcal reductions in daily intake among the overweight/obese would eliminate approximately 71.2 million cases of overweight/obesity. In the long term, this could increase national productivity by $45.7 billion annually. Long-term sodium reductions of 400 mg in those with uncontrolled hypertension would eliminate about 1.5 million cases, potentially increasing productivity by $2.5 billion annually. More aggressive diet changes of 500 kcal and 1100 mg of sodium reductions yield potential productivity benefits of $133.3 and $5.8 billion, respectively. Conclusions. The potential long-term benefit of reduced calories and sodium, combining medical cost savings with productivity increases, ranges from $108.5 billion for moderate reductions to $255.6 billion for aggressive reductions. These findings help inform public health policy and the business case for improving diet.
Culturally Tailored Aerobic Exercise Intervention for Low-Income Latinas
Authors: Hovell Melbourne F. , Mulvihill Mary M. , Buono Michael J. , Liles Sandy , Schade Debra H. , Washington Tabitha A. , Manzano Ruth , Sallis James F. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To determine the efficacy of community-based, culturally tailored exercise intervention on the moderate and vigorous physical activity and physiologic outcomes of low-income Latino women (Latinas). Design. A randomized trial contrasted safety education to an aerobic dance intervention. Setting. Interventions were held in a “store-front” exercise site near a community clinic. Subjects. Sedentary low-income Latinas (N = 151; 18—55 years; 70% overweight/obese) were recruited. Retention was 91% for follow-up measures. Intervention. Three sessions per week of supervised aerobic dance were provided for 6 months. Controls attended 18 safety education sessions over 6 months. Measures. Physical activity and aerobic fitness (VO2max) were primary outcomes. Results. Participants in the exercise group reported more vigorous exercise (p < .001) and walking (p = .005) at post-test than controls. Aerobic dance and unsupervised activity resulted in a five-fold greater increase in relative VO2max compared with controls (p < .001). Although exercise and fitness decreased at follow-up, vigorous exercise (p = .001) and relative VO2max (p < .001) remained higher in the exercise group, suggesting maintenance at 1 year. Conclusion. Culturally tailored aerobic dance can increase vigorous physical activity, possibly generalizing to walking, and the combination can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in low-income, overweight, sedentary Latinas.
Demographics and Risky Lifestyle Behaviors Associated with Willingness to Risk Sexually Transmitted Infection in Air Force Recruits
Authors: Cooper Theodore V. , DeBon Margaret , Haddock C. Keith , Esquivel Denise Rodríguez , Klesges Robert C. , Lando Harry , Talcott G. Wayne 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To investigate sexually transmitted infection (STL) risk-taking behaviors relative to other lifestyle and risk-taking behaviors. Design. The study design is cross sectional. Setting. Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. Subjects. Participants (N = 32,144) were 100% of Air Force recruits beginning basic military training from August 1995 to August 1996. Measures. Recruits completed a questionnaire that included rating the statement “Sex without condoms is sometimes worth the risk of possibly getting AIDS or sexually transmitted diseases.” Risky behaviors, such as risk taking rebelliousness, seat belt use, smoking alcohol use and binge drinking opinions of illicit drug use, and lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary intake and physical activity, were also assessed. Analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the relationships between participant characteristics and willingness to risk STI. Results. Sixteen percent stated willingness to risk STI to have sex without a condom. Women and white/non-Hispanic participants were less likely to agree with the statement than men and minority participants. Those who reported willingness toward risky sexual behaviors were less likely to use seat belts, were more likely to binge drink, had more positive views of illicit drugs, and reported eating fewer fruits and vegetables. Conclusion. Results of this study suggest the importance of continued education on condom use and the possibility that multiple risk behavior interventions include sexual risk components.
Tobacco Use Behaviors and Household Smoking Bans among Chinese Americans
Authors: Shelley Donna , Nguyen Nam , Yerneni Rajeev , Fahs Marianne 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To assess the relationship between household smoking restrictions and smoking patterns among Chinese American adults. Design. This is a cross-sectional analysis based on a National Institutes of Health-funded population-based household and telephone survey of 2537 Chinese American adults. Setting. Two communities in New York City. Subjects. The analyses focused on male current smokers (N = 600). Measures. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, household smoking restrictions, cigarettes smoked per day, and past quit attempts were based on self-reported data. Results. Among current smokers, 37% reported living in a home with a complete smoking ban. Smokers with a full household smoking ban smoked fewer cigarettes on weekdays and weekends than smokers with no household smoking ban (p ≤ .05) and were 3.4 times (p ≤ .01) more likely to report having at least one quit attempt in the past 12 months. Smokers with knowledge of the dangers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure were 2.8 times (p ≤ .01) more likely to have at least one quit attempt in the last 12 months compared with those who were unaware of the danger of ETS and more likely to live in a smoke-free household. Conclusions. Smoke-free home policies and interventions to raise awareness among smokers of the dangers of ETS have the potential to significantly reduce tobacco use and exposure to household ETS among this immigrant population.
Intention-Behavior Relationship Based on Epidemiologic Indices: An Application to Physical Activity
Authors: Godin Gaston , Conner Mark 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. This article examines the usefulness of epidemiologic indices in furthering the understanding of the intention-behavior relationship in the field of physical activity. Design. Six prospective data sets of physical activity were used. Setting. The United Kingdom and Canada in various settings (school, workplace). Subjects. Different segments of the population (students, employees). Measures. Intention at baseline and behavior at follow-up, both assessed by means of questionnaires. Analysis. Intention and behavior were dichotomized to create a 2 × 2 table; this allowed us to compute four standard epidemiologic indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PV+), and negative predictive value (PV–). Results. Sensitivity was 86.3%, which reflected the high sensitivity of intention for exercising, i.e., active individuals were very likely to hold a positive intention. Specificity was 49.5%, which suggested that a significant number of inactive individuals held a positive intention. With respect to predictive values, a low intention was a very good predictor of being inactive (PV- = 88.1%), whereas a positive intention was a moderate predictor of being active (PV+ = 45.5%). Conclusion. These results indicate that intention is a moderate predictor of behavior and that the gap between intention and behavior is caused by high intenders not taking action. Health promotion programs would benefit to target factors that moderate the intention-behavior relationship.
Association of Father Involvement and Neighborhood Quality with Kindergartners' Physical Activity: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model
Authors: Beets Michael W. , Foley John T. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Examine the effects of father-child involvement and neighborhood characteristics with young children's physical activity (PA) within a multilevel framework. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort 1998. Setting. Nationally representative sample. Subjects. Data were available for 10,694 kindergartners (5–6 years; 5240 girls) living in 1053 neighborhoods. Measures. Parental report of child's PA level, father characteristics (e.g., time spent with child, age, education, socioeconomic status, hours worked), family time spent doing sports/activities together, and neighborhood quality (e.g., safety, presence of crime violence, garbage). Child weight status, motor skills, ethnicity, and television viewing were used as covariates. Analysis. Multilevel structural equation modeling with children nested within neighborhoods. Results. At the child level father-child time and family time doing sports together were positively associated with children's PA. At the neighborhood level parental perception of a neighborhood's safety for children to play outside fully mediated the effect of neighborhood quality on children's PA. Overall 19.1% and 7.6% of the variance in PA was explained at the child and neighborhood levels, respectively. Conclusions. Family-based interventions for PA should consider father-child time, with this contributing to a child's overall PA level. Further, neighborhood quality is an important predictor of PA only to the extent by which parents perceive it to be unsafe for their child to play outdoors.
Heart Check Lite: Modifications to an Established Worksite Heart Health Assessment
Authors: Fisher Brian D. , Golaszewski Thomas 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Develop and test a reduced-item version of an established tool to measure employer supports for cardiovascular health. Method. A random set of 1000 worksites throughout New York State was surveyed in 1999 with Heart Check, a 226–item assessment of employer supports for cardiovascular health. Correlation, Guttman, factor, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses were used to identify reduced-item versions. The reduced-item versions were then assessed for their abilities to similarly rank and detect changes in 255 different worksites participating in an intervention program. Regression, correlation, and k analyses were used. Results. Analysis of the Heart Check instrument identified two brief versions with 27 and 55 items. OLS regression of full Heart Check scores for these versions had adjusted R2 of .95 and .97, respectively. Discussion. Both reduced-item versions demonstrated a moderate to strong ability to reproduce the results observed with the full Heart Check.
Outcomes of a Home-Based Walking Program for African-American Women
Authors: Wilbur JoEllen , McDevitt Judith H. , Wang Edward , Dancy Barbara L. , Miller Arlene M. , Briller Joan , Ingram Diana L. M. , Nicola Terry L. , Ju SuKyung , Lee Hyeonkyeong 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. As compared with minimal treatment (MT), to determine the effectiveness of a home-based walking intervention enhanced by behavioral strategies targeted and tailored to African-American women (enhanced treatment [ET]) on adherence, physical activity, fitness, and body composition at 24 and 48 weeks. Design. Using a quasi-experimental design, treatments were randomly assigned to one of two community health centers. Setting. The centers were in predominately African-American communities. Participants. Sedentary women (156 ET, 125 MT) 40 to 65 years were recruited within a 3-mile radius of each center. Intervention. Both treatments had the same orientation. The ET group had four targeted workshops followed by weekly tailored telephone calls over 24 weeks. Methods. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test effects of treatments on adherence, physical activity, aerobic fitness, and body composition. Results. Adherence was significantly higher in the ET than the MT group and was related to the number of workshops attended (r = .58) and tailored calls (r = .25) received. On-treatment analysis showed significant postintervention improvement in waist circumference and fitness in the ET group; however, these improvements were not statistically different between the two groups. Intent to treat analysis showed a significant increase in fitness, decrease in waist circumference, and no change in body mass index in both treatments. Conclusion. Findings suggest the potential impact of workshop group support on adherence in African-American women.