bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of schooling and literacy on linguistic abstraction: The role of holistic vs. analytic processing styles
Authors: Klein Olivier , Ventura Paulo , Fernandes Tânia , Marques Leonel Garcia , Licata Laurent , Semin Gün R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSchooling in a Western cultural environment has been shown to promote context‐free (analytic) at the expense of context‐dependent (holistic) processing. In the present study, we examined whether these differences in processing styles also induce a tendency to use more abstract (i.e., dispositional) language when describing human behaviors. Portuguese literate, illiterate, and ex‐illiterates were asked to freely describe behaviors presented visually. Using the linguistic category model, we found that literates relied on more abstract descriptions than ex‐illiterates and illiterates. This effect of schooling was strongly associated with their relative superiority on an analytic (vs. holistic) task. These findings suggest that schooling influences the elaboration of social information. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When groups are wrong and deviants are right
Authors: Chan Marc K. H. , Louis Winnifred R. , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHow do group members respond when their group wrongfully punishes a group member? In two experiments, participants were presented with an ingroup member who argued for group change on moral (Experiment 1, N = 73) or scientific grounds (Experiment 2, N = 94). Despite being right, the member was treated as deviant by the group. We manipulated whether the group retained its former opinion or adopted the deviant's position, and whether the deviant's punishment was ongoing or whether the deviant was reinstated. We tested opposing predictions about how these group actions would affect group members' negativity towards the deviant. Both studies showed that negativity towards the deviant was highest when the group opinion was unchanged and the deviant was not reinstated. Further, opinion change or reintegration defused negativity towards the deviant. Implications of groups rejecting or embracing change, and their effects on the evaluation of wrongfully accused deviants are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microelectrophoresis platform for fast serial analysis of single cells
Authors: Jiang Dechen , Sims Christopher E. , Allbritton Nancy L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA capillary‐based microelectrophoresis platform for fast serial analysis of single cells is described. In this system, the capillary remains fixed and a two‐channel flow system is used to rapidly switch the buffer surrounding the capillary inlet from a physiological buffer to an electrophoretic buffer. Single cells are retained in the physiologic buffer channel utilizing an array of cell microwells patterned into the channel floor. The defined addresses of the cells on the array enable the sequential delivery of individual cells to the inlet of the capillary, where a focused laser pulse lyses the cell. The cell chamber is moved along a preordained route so that the inlet of the capillary is located in the electrophoresis buffer for separation and the physiological buffer during cell sampling. The throughput of the current system is limited by peak overlap between successive samples. Key characterizations of this system including the fluid flow rates, the cell array dimensions, and laser energies were performed. To demonstrate this system, 28 cells loaded with Oregon green and fluorescein were serially analyzed in under 16 min, a rate of 1.8 cells/min.
Performance analysis of FFH/MFSK receivers with noise‐normalisation combining over Nakagami‐mfading channels with partial‐band jamming
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Li Shaoqian , Cheng Yufan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe performance of a fast frequency‐hoppedM‐ary orthogonal frequency‐shift‐keying (FFH/MFSK) receiver with noise‐normalisation combining over Nakagami‐mfading channels with partial‐band noise jamming and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is analysed. Instead of numerical integration, a closed‐form error probability expression is obtained. The analytical results validate the simulation results. It is shown that there is an optimum diversity order and the corresponding best‐case performance is investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new fossil species of Polypodium (Polypodiaceae) from the Oligocene of northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Authors: Kvacek Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new fossil representative of Polypodium L. emend. CHING (Polypodiaceae s.str.) was recovered in the Early Oligocene diatomite shales of the Ceske stredohori Mountains, North Bohemia (localities Bechlejovice, Holy Kluk hill). Polypodium radonii sp. nova is characterised on the basis of fragmentary fronds, which have simple pinnatifid laminas, entire pinnae, free, anadromously branched venation, solitary broadly elliptic superficial sori and monolete spores in situ of the Polypodiisporites bock‐witzensis type. This terrestrial (? to epiphytic or epilithic) fern was associated with vegetation of subtropical Mixed Mesophytic (Holy Kluk) and warm temperate Deciduous Broad‐leaved (Bechlejovice) forest types. Actual taxonomy of extant Polypodiaceae s.str. as well as the Tertiary records of this fern group within the Holarctis are reviewed.
Identification of TAR models using recursive estimation
Authors: Bermejo Miguel Ángel , Peña Daniel , Sánchez Ismael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes an automatic procedure to identify threshold autoregressive models and specify the values of thresholds. The proposed procedure is based on the time‐varying estimation of the parameters using an arranged autoregression. The proposed method not only allows for the automatic identification of the thresholds, but also has a superior identification performance than the competitors. The performance of the proposed procedure is illustrated using Monte Carlo experiments and real data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between cognition and awareness of deficit in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tremont Geoffrey , Alosco Michael L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveAlthough anosognosia is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), limited research has investigated awareness among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined cognitive performance differences between MCI patients who were aware or unaware of their deficits.MethodsParticipants were 65 patients who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and diagnosed with MCI according to Petersen's criteria. Participants were divided into groups based on clinician rating of awareness (aware n = 30 or unaware n = 35), which was determined following interview with the patient and family member. Neuropsychological measures were converted into z‐scores based on sample mean and standard deviation and averaged across cognitive domains. Frontal behavioral ratings were also collected.ResultsNo significant differences were found between awareness groups for age, education, gender, or MMSE score. Individuals rated as unaware performed significantly worse in the learning domain and a trend for worse performance on the Dementia Rating Scale –II total score than those rated as aware. None of the other cognitive or behavioral domains differed between the groups. Clinician and informant ratings of anosognosia were only modestly correlated, and we found an unexpected pattern of relationships between informant ratings and cognitive performance.ConclusionsAwareness deficits are common in MCI patients. Our results argue against the most common etiologic hypotheses in AD (i.e., executive and right hemisphere) and suggest that severity of encoding deficits underlie anosognosia in MCI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal regimes in a large upland salmon river: a simple model to identify the influence of landscape controls and climate change on maximum temperatures
Authors: Hrachowitz Markus , Soulsby C. , Imholt C. , Malcolm I. A. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTemperature observations at 25 sites in the 2000 km2Dee catchment in NE Scotland were used, in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) analysis, to identify dominant landscape controls on mean monthly maximum stream temperatures. Maximum winter stream temperatures are mainly controlled by elevation, catchment area and hill shading, whereas the maximum temperatures in summer are driven by more complex interactions, which include the influence of riparian forest cover and distance to coast. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the catchment‐wide distribution of mean weekly maximum stream temperatures for the hottest week of the 2‐year observation period. The results suggested the streams most sensitive to high temperatures are small upland streams at exposed locations without any forest cover and relatively far inland, while lowland streams with riparian forest cover at locations closer to the coast exhibit a moderated thermal regime. Under current conditions, all streams provide a suitable thermal habitat for both, Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Using two climate change scenarios assuming 2·5 and 4 °C air temperature increases, respectively, temperature‐sensitive zones of the stream network were identified, which could potentially have an adverse effect on the thermal habitat of Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Analysis showed that the extension of riparian forests into headwater streams has the potential to moderate changes in temperature under climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency analyses of annual extreme rainfall series from 5 min to 24 h
Authors: Haktanir Tefaruk , Cobaner Murat , Kisi Ozgur 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe parameter estimation methods of (1) moments, (2) maximum‐likelihood, (3) probability‐weighted moments (PWM) and (4) self‐determined PWM are applied to the probability distributions of Gumbel, general extreme values, three‐parameter log‐normal (LN3), Pearson‐3 and log‐Pearson‐3. The special method of computing parameters so as to make the sample skewness coefficient zero is also applied to LN3, and hence, altogether 21 candidate distributions resulted. The parameters of these distributions are computed first by original sample series of 14 successive‐duration annual extreme rainfalls recorded at a rain‐gauging station. Next, the parameters are scaled by first‐degree semi‐log or log‐log polynomial regressions versus rainfall durations from 5 to 1440 min (24 h). Those distributions satisfying the divergence criterion for frequency curves are selected as potential distributions, whose better‐fit ones are determined by a conjunctive evaluation of three goodness‐of‐fit tests. Frequency tables, frequency curves and intensity–duration–frequency curves are the outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of fat, animal protein and some vitamin consumption in breast cancer: A case control study in Southern France
Authors: Gerber Mariette , Cenée Sylvie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe role of the consumption of fat, animal protein and vitamins on breast‐cancer risk was investigated in a hospital‐based case‐control study of 924 patients (409 cases and 515 controls) in Montpellier (France). A dietary history questionnaire, administered by interview, comprising 55 key food items as well as beverage consumption, and including food frequencies and portion sizes, was used to measure the intake of total fat and its constituents, animal protein, retinol, β‐carotene, vitamin E and alcohol consumption. The questionnaire also elicited information on relevant medical history and personal characteristics. All food items which showed significantly elevated odds ratio (high‐fat cheese, desserts and chocolate and processed pork meat) in a multivariate analysis contained a high proportion of animal fat. This is reflected in the nutrient analysis, which showed a significant linear trend as well as an elevated odds ratio for the highest fertile of consumption of total fat [OR3 = 1.6 (1.1–2.2)], animal fat [OR3 = 1.6 (1.1–2.2)], saturated fat [OR3 = 1.9 (1.3–2.6)] and mono‐unsaturated fat [OR3 = 1.7 (1.2–2.5)]. For post‐menopausal women, there is a particularly strong association with saturated fat [OR3 = 3.3 (1.4–7.8)] in a multivariate analysis including all other significant nutrients. There is no evidence of an increase of risk with the intake of animal protein and no evidence of risk reduction with increased consumption of vegetables, β‐carotene or vitamin E. Along with some recent studies, our results give support to the hypothesis that dietary fat is a risk factor in breast carcinogenesis.
Community lifestyle characteristics and incidence of Hodgkin's disease in young people
Authors: Alexander Freda E. , Ricketts T. James , McKinney Patricia A. , Cartwright Ray A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRisk of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in young adults has frequently been associated with limited access to social contact in childhood and related correlates of childhood social class. In addition, case clustering has sometimes been associated with influxes of population into relatively isolated communities. To investigate this further, disease incidence rates for HD at ages 0 to 24 from a specialist tumour registry have been regressed against relevant electoral ward characteristics derived from routine census and Ordnance Survey data for England and Wales. Proximity to built‐up areas and higher socioeconomic status (SES) emerge as significant risk factors. The relative risks are 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01–1.46) for high SES wards and 1.29 (1.05–1.58) for “inner zone” wards. No association of disease risk with distance travelled to work was apparent. Regions farther from built‐up areas have a lower overall incidence and a shift, particularly for males, of the age distribution towards older ages. The distribution resembles the intermediate pattern for HD reported from European rural areas of low SES but never previously for high SES. Isolated areas also show an increased intensity of spatial clustering (29% of cases being classified as clustered). These findings have implications for the Mate host response' model which suggest a viral aetiology for Hodgkin's disease in young people and provide a basis for future analytical studies.
Trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Sweden, 1958–1981, by histopathologic type
Authors: Pettersson Bo , Adami Hans‐Olov , Wilander Erik , Coleman Michel P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTime trends in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid were examined for Sweden for the period 1958–81, 5, 838 cases being studied. Autopsy‐diagnosed cases were excluded. Mean annual changes in the age‐standardized rates over this period were 1.9% and 1.2% for women and men, respectively, for all thyroid carcinomas combined; 4.9% and 2.1 % for papillary carcinoma; 0.9% and 2.1 % for follicular carcinoma; and − 1.0% and −2.1 % for anaplastic carcinoma. Age, period and cohort models were fitted. There was a progressive increase in papillary cancer incidence for cohorts born since 1919. This increase cannot be satisfactorily explained as an artefact of trends in classification, and probably reflects a real increase in incidence. A less marked increase was seen for follicular cancer, and there was a decline for cohorts born since 1939. While the risk of papillary and anaplastic carcinoma was lower in iodine‐deficient areas, follicular cancer risk was twice as high in these areas, for men only. There was a steady decline of anaplastic cancer in both sexes after 1965, largely attributable to a decline in cohorts born since 1924.
Salivary and serum IgA antibodies to the epstein—barr virus glycoprotein gp340: incidence and potential for virus neutralization
Authors: Yao Q. Y. , Rowe M. , Morgan A. J. , Sam C. K. , Prasad U. , Dang H. , Zeng Y. , Rickinson A. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuman antibody responses to the Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein gp340 have been measured using purified preparations of the native molecule as the substrate in ELISAs. This glycoprotein is the dominant component of the EBV envelope and a major target for the virus—neutralizing antibody response. Healthy virus carriers (both Caucasian and Chinese) regularly show detectable anti—gp340 IgG in serum and, unexpectedly, 21–30% of these individuals are also serum anti—gp340 IgA positive. Chinese patients with the EBV—genome—positive malignancy nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) show elevated serum IgA antibodies to gp340 but, given the background of responses amongst healthy virus carriers, anti—gp340 IgA titres are a poorer diagnostic indicator of NPC than serum IgA antibodies detectable by immunofluorescence against the multicomponent EBV early antigen (EA). Salivary IgA antibody responses to gp340 are potentially important as a means of neutralizing orally—transmitted virus. We detected salivary IgA (but not IgG) to gp340 in a minority (12–19%) of healthy virus carriers and in a higher proportion (49%) of NPC patients. Even saliva samples chosen for their relatively high anti—gp340 IgA titres showed only weak neutralizing activity against transforming EBV preparations whether from B95.8 cell culture supernatant or from the throat washing of an infectious mononucleosis patient. We conclude that in healthy virus carriers, salivary IgA responses to gp340 are unlikely to provide effective local immunity against re—infection with a second EBV strain.
Clonality and methylation status of the epstein‐barr virus (EBV) genomes in IN V7W‐infected EBV‐carrying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell lines
Authors: Lewin Nongnit , Minarovits Janos , Weber Günther , Ehlin‐Henriksson Barbro , Wen Tao , Mellstedt Håkan , Klein George , Klein Eva 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDirectly growing Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐carrying cell lines were established from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient (PG) on repeated occasions. The lines carried the same ring chromosome 15 as the leukemia cells in vivo and were similarly trisomic for chromosome 12. They all showed the same JH rearrangement, indicating that they had arisen from the same B‐cell progenitor. They also had the same single EBV‐terminal repeat (TR), indicating that they had been generated by a single EBV infection event. It may be surmised that a single CLL cell had been infected by EBV in vivo and established itself subsequently as a subclone within the CLL population. This subpopulation persists in vivo but does not appear to expand with time. After explantation, it transforms into lymphoblastoid cells and proliferates selectively as immortalized lines. The leukemia‐representative CLL lines were phenotypically indistinguishable from the B95–8 virus‐transformed normal diploid cells of the patient, established in parallel by in vitro infection. They grew as typical LCL clusters and expressed the same B‐cell activation markers. The methylation status of EBV‐DNA was different in the CLL lines and the B95–8‐virus‐transformed LCLs. When Hpall‐and Mspl‐ digested DNA was probed with BamHI C, E, H and W fragments, the CLL lines showed a mixture of methylated and unmethylated restriction fragments as in certain EBV‐carrying Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines. In contrast, the EBV‐DNA of B95–8 virus‐transformed normal diploid cells was completely unmethylated, as in other LCLs.
The CMF‐regimen. Toxicity patterns following stepwise combinations of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil
Authors: De Brulin Ernst A. , Driessen Oscar M.J. , Hermans Jo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe contribution of the agents used in the CMF regimen, i.e., cyclophosphamide (CY), methotrexate (MTX) and fluo‐rouracil (FUra), to the development of toxicity was determined in tumor‐bearing WAG/Rij rats. Data from untreated (U) rats were compared with data from rats treated with single‐agent therapy (C‐, M‐ and F‐treatment groups), with data from double‐agent therapy (CM‐, MF‐ and CF‐treatment groups) and with data from the triple combination: the CMF‐treatment group. Doses of agents of interest were the same in all treatment groups. The sequence of administration was (I) CY; (2) MTX and (3) FUra which is similar to clinical treatment with CMF. Systemic levels of CY, MTX and FUra were comparable to those found in patients treated according to the CMF regimen. Toxicity was evaluated by body‐weight changes, water and food consumption, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet cell (Pts) counts. With the exception of WBC and Pts nadirs, estimated toxicity parameters reflected toxicity over the whole treatment period of 14 days. The toxicity was generally mild and well tolerated, with one fatality in the M‐treatment group. CY was the main contributor to toxicity; it caused both myelotoxicity and gastro‐intestinal toxicity. The contribution of FUra was judged to be negligible. MTX + FUra did not increase host toxicity in a synergistic or even an additional fashion. The absence of addition or synergism of toxic side‐effects can be explained both by site‐specific interactions at the pharmacodynamic level and by interactions at the pharmacokinetic level.
Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of 9A3 antigen, E‐cadherin and EGF receptor in TMK‐1 stomach cancer cells
Authors: Fukuyama Ryuichi , Minoshima Shinsei , Ochiai Atsushi , Tahara Eiichi , Shimizu Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have previously produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against TMK‐I cells, a poorly differentiated stomach‐cancer cell line, and designated the antigen as 9A3. Immunohisto‐chemical analysis of various tumor tissues revealed that the expression of 9A3 antigen is specific for human adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we analyzed the expression patterns of 9A3 antigen on TMK‐1 cells and compared them with the expression patterns of E‐cadherin and epidermal‐growth‐factor (EGF) receptors, using immunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that the TMK‐I cell population consists of 9A3‐positive cells and 9A3‐negative cells. The isolated 9A3‐negative cell population generates 9A3‐positive cells as they divide, whereas the isolated 9A3‐positive cell population does not generate 9A3‐negative cells. The 9A3‐positive cells grow as tight colonies, whereas the 9A3‐negative cells form loose colonies in soft agar culture. E‐cadherin was expressed only in die 9A3‐positive TMK‐I cells and not in the 9A3‐negative cells. In contrast, EGF receptor was expressed in both cell populations. The 9A3 antigen was localized mainly at the cell‐cell adhesion sites where E‐cadherin was apparently condensed.