bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical anatomy of the temporal stem: clinical relevance and correlations with diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking
Authors: Peltier Johann , Verclytte Sébastien , Delmaire Christine , Pruvo Jean-Pierre , Godefroy Olivier , Le Gars Daniel 
Published: July 2009

Object
The authors used a fiber dissection technique to describe the temporal stem and explain the tendency of malignant tumors to spread within both the frontal and temporal lobes. The authors focused on the morphological characteristics and course of various fasciculi of the temporal stem, including the uncinate fascicle, occipitofrontal fascicle, anterior commissure, loop of the optic radiations (Meyer loop), and the ansa peduncularis.

Methods
Eight previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under an operating microscope using the fiber dissection technique described by Klingler. Lateral, inferior, and medial approaches were made. Cross-sectional 3D MR images obtained in 10 patients without brain lesions demonstrated that fibers of the temporal stem, which were intermingled together in various ways, curved laterally within the basal forebrain. Various pathological entities affecting the temporal stem are described and discussed.

Results
The uncinate fascicle has 3 portions: a ventral extension, an intermediary segment called the isthmus, and a dorsal segment. The inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus is a layer of more superficial white matter that appeared to be superior to the uncinate fasciculus. A short ventral portion of the radiations of the corpus callosum was sometimes noted to run ventrally to enter the temporal stem and to reach both temporal lobes.

Conclusions
To the authors' knowledge, a detailed anatomy of the temporal stem has not been previously described in the literature. The unique anatomy of the temporal stem provides a route for tumor spread between the frontal and temporal lobes.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for hemangiomas of the cavernous sinus: a seven-institute study in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Kida Yoshihisa , Fukuoka Seiji , Iwai Yoshiyasu , Jokura Hidefumi , Akabane Atsuya , Serizawa Toru 
Published: July 2009

Object
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is currently used for primary or postoperative management of cavernous sinus (CS) hemangiomas. The authors describe their experience with 30 cases of CS hemangioma successfully managed with GKS.

Methods
Thirty patients with CS hemangiomas, including 19 female and 11 male patients with a mean age of 53 years (range 19–78 years) underwent GKS at 7 facilities in Japan. Pathological entity was confirmed using surgical specimens in 17 patients, and neuroimaging diagnosis only in 13. Eight patients were asymptomatic before GKS, while 22 had ocular movement disturbances and/or optic nerve impairments. The mean tumor volume was 11.5 cm3 (range 1.5–51.4 cm3). The mean dose to the tumor periphery was 13.8 Gy (range 10.0–17.0 Gy).

Results
The mean follow-up period was 53 months (range 12–138 months). Among the 22 patients with symptoms prior to GKS, complete remission was achieved in 2, improvement in 13, and no change in 7. Hemifacial sensory disturbance developed following GKS in 1 patient. The most recent MR images showed remarkable shrinkage in 18, shrinkage in 11, and no change in 1 patient.

Conclusions
Gamma Knife radiosurgery proved to be an effective treatment strategy for managing CS hemangiomas. Given the diagnostic accuracy of recently developed neuroimaging techniques and the potentially serious bleeding associated with biopsy sampling or attempted surgical removal, the authors recommend that GKS be the primary treatment in most patients who have a clear neuroimaging diagnosis of this condition.
PepT2 transporter protein expression in human neoplastic glial cells and mediation of fluorescently tagged dipeptide derivative β-Ala-Lys-Nε-7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin-3-acetic acid accumulation
Authors: Zimmermann Mathias , Stan Alexandru Constantin 
Published: July 2009

Object
The present study was aimed at analyzing the accumulation of the fluorescently tagged dipeptide derivative, β-Ala-Lys-Nε-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA), in primary cultures of human neoplastic glial cells. This molecule is a highly specific reporter used to investigate the dipeptide transport system hPepT2.

Methods
In this study the authors used immunocytochemical methods to determine the cell-specific accumulation of a small and fluorescently tagged reporter molecule named β-Ala-Lys-Nε-AMCA to detect dipeptide transport capacity of neoplastic glial cells. Furthermore, specific mRNA levels were quantified using Northern blot analysis and the tissue distribution of hPepT2 mRNA transcripts was demonstrated with in-situ hybridization histochemical analysis.

Results
Recent fluorescent immunocytochemical analyses have revealed that β-Ala-Lys-Nε-AMCA specifically accumulates within anaplastic cells of astrocytic lineage but not in anaplastic oligodendrocytes or neurons. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that human hPepT2 mRNA is specifically detected in primary cell cultures of human glioblastoma but not in oligodendroglioma. Moreover, in situ hybridization analyses revealed an astrocytic localization of hPepT2 transcripts in human glioblastoma and astrocytoma cells. The hPepT2 transcription levels were clearly dependent on the grade of glial cell differentiation: within low-grade gliomas (WHO Grade II), more hPepT2 mRNA was detected compared with tumors of a higher grade of dedifferentiation (WHO Grade IV). Analysis of expression levels of hPepT2 mRNA in human neoplastic glial cells xenografted into the brains of athymic rats (han rnu+/+) showed a markedly increased expression of hPepT2 after 2 weeks of growth in vivo compared with the primary counterparts grown in vitro.

Conclusions
The authors concluded that expression of the hPepT2 transporter protein is a characteristic of glial cells of astrocytic lineage, and is dependent on the grade of astroglial cell differentiation and the extracellular matrix (here brain neuropil). The authors found that β-Ala-Lys-Nε-AMCA is as an excellent reporter molecule for assessing neoplastic glial cell function and physiological characteristics.
Patients' perceptions of awake and outpatient craniotomy for brain tumor: a qualitative study
Authors: Khu Kathleen Joy , Doglietto Francesco , Radovanovic Ivan , Taleb Faisal , Mendelsohn Daniel , Zadeh Gelareh , Bernstein Mark 
Published: July 2009

Object
Routine and nonselective use of awake and outpatient craniotomy for supratentorial tumors has been shown to be safe and effective from a medical standpoint. In this study the authors aim was to explore patients' perceptions about awake and outpatient craniotomy.

Methods
Qualitative research methodology was used. Two semistructured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 27 participants, who were ambulatory adult patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor excision between October 2008 and April 2009. The participants were each assigned to one of the following categories: 1) awake outpatient; 2) awake inpatient; 3) outpatient under general anesthesia; and 4) inpatient under general anesthesia. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and the data were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results
The following 6 overarching themes emerged from the data: 1) patients had a positive experience with awake craniotomy; 2) patient satisfaction with outpatient surgery was high; 3) patients understood the rationale behind awake surgery; 4) patients were surprised that brain surgery can be done on an outpatient basis; 5) trust in one's surgeon was important; and 6) patients were more concerned about the disease than the procedure.

Conclusions
The results reflected positively on the patients' awake and outpatient surgery experience, but there were some areas that require improvement, specifically perioperative pain control and postoperative care. These insights on patients' perspectives can lead to better delivery of care, and ultimately, improved health outcomes.
Risk Factors for the Development of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures Among Older Men
Authors: THOMAS-JOHN MARIA , CODD MARY B. , MANNE SIALAJA , WATTS NELSON B. , MONGEY ANNE-BARBARA 
Published: July 2009

Objective.Osteoporotic fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality particularly among older men. However, there is little information regarding risk factors among this population. The aims of our study were to determine risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fractures and the predictive value of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements for development of fragility fractures in a cohort of elderly Caucasian and African American men.Methods.We evaluated 257 men aged 70 years or older for risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fractures using a detailed questionnaire and BMD assessment. Exclusion criteria included conditions known to cause osteoporosis such as hypogonadism and chronic steroid use, current treatment with bisphosphonates, bilateral hip arthroplasties, and inability to ambulate independently.Results.Age, weight, weight loss, androgen deprivation treatment, duration of use of dairy products, exercise, and fracture within 10 years prior to study entry were associated with osteoporosis (p ≤ 0.05). Fragility fractures were associated with duration of use of dairy products, androgen deprivation treatment, osteoporosis, and history of fracture within 10 years prior to BMD assessment (p ≤ 0.05). There were some differences in risk factors between the Caucasian and African American populations, suggesting that risk factors may vary between ethnic groups.Conclusion.Although men with osteoporosis had a higher rate of fractures, the majority of fractures occurred in men with T-scores > −2.5 standard deviations below the mean, suggesting that factors other than BMD are also important in determining risk.
Advances in Biomimetic and Nanostructured Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo , Darder Margarita , Aranda Pilar , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe rapid increase of interest in the field of biohybrid and biomimetic materials that exhibit improved structural and functional properties is attracting more and more researchers from life science, materials science, and nanoscience. Concomitant results offer valuable opportunities for applications that involve disciplines dealing with engineering, biotechnology, medicine and pharmacy, agriculture, nanotechnology, and others. In the current contribution we collect recent illustrative examples of assemblies between materials of biological origin and inorganic solids of different characteristics (texture, structure, and particle size). We introduce here a general overview on strategies for the preparation and conformation of biohybrids, the synergistic effects that determine the final properties of these materials, and their diverse applications, which cover areas as different as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, biosensing devices, biocatalysis, green nanocomposites, etc.
Zinc‐Salen‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkynylation of Alkyl Acylsilanes
Authors: Li Feng‐Quan , Zhong Shi , Lu Gui , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOptically active tertiary propargylic alcohols are useful and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, and their direct access by enantioselective addition of alkyne nucleophiles to ketones has achieved significant progress over the last ten years. In view of the potential applications of acylsilanes as useful synthetic equivalents of aldehydes, we described a general catalytic enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to alkyl acylsilanes. After reaction optimization involving variation of solvent, temperature, catalyst ratio and various catalysts screen, the in situ generated Zn‐salen complex was chosen as catalyst. With hexane as solvent, the silylated tertiary propargylic alcohols were obtained in satisfactory yields and ees for both aliphatic and aromatic alkynes.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Allylic Hydroxylation of D‐Limonene to (+)‐trans‐Carveol with Cellulosimicrobium cellulans EB‐8‐4
Authors: Wang Zunsheng , Lie Felicia , Lim Estella , Li Keyang , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCellulosimicrobium cellulans EB‐8‐4 was discovered by screening of microorganisms as a powerful catalyst for the regio‐ and stereoselective allylic hydroxylation of D‐limonene to (+)‐trans‐carveol that is a useful and valuable fragrance and flavour compound. Cells of strain EB‐8‐4 were easily obtained, demonstrated more than 99% regio‐ and stereoselectivity, showed a specific hydroxylation activity of 4.0 U/g cdw (cell dry weight), and accepted 62 mM D‐limonene without inhibition. The hydroxylation was possibly catalyzed by an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐dependent oxygenase involved in the degradation of aromatic ring during cell growth. 13.4 mM of (+)‐trans‐carveol were obtained by biohydroxylation of D‐limonene with resting cells of C. cellulans EB‐8‐4, thus being 11 times higher than that obtained with the best biocatalyst known thus far. High conversion and high yield were obtained in the biohydroxylation of 11.6 mM of D‐limonene with the resting cells as catalyst in a closed shaking flask, giving 10 mM of (+)‐trans‐carveol, and 0.30 mM of carvone as the only by‐product. Thus, a unique biocatalyst for the regio‐ and stereoselective allylic hydroxylation of D‐limonene and an efficient synthesis of natural identical (+)‐trans‐carveol by biohydroxylation have been developed.
Conventional Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium‐Copper(I) Iodide‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Free and BOC‐ Protected Propargylic Amines “On Water”
Authors: Soberats Bartomeu , Martínez Luis , Vega Manuel , Rotger Carmen , Costa Antoni 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlkynylation of aryl iodides with propargylic amines has been achieved by means of a Sonogashira coupling using “on water” methods. The use of less than 0.2 mol% of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium [Pd(PPh3)4] and 1.5 mol% copper(I) iodide [CuI] in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) allows the coupling to proceed at 95 °C yielding moderate to good yields of mono‐, bis‐, and tris‐aminoalkynylbenzene derivatives.
Viscocapillary model of slide coating: Effect of operating parameters and range of validity
Authors: Tjiptowidjojo K. , Carvalho M. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSlide coating is one of the premetered high‐precision coating methods. The layer thickness is set by the flow rate and web speed. The uniformity of the layer, however, can be affected by other operating conditions. Modeling the flow in the coating bead is necessary in developing the range of operability conditions where the layer is adequately uniform. Lubrication and viscocapillary models have been used to describe the flow and some of the operability limits of different coating processes. However, the available models of slide coating were developed with adhoc hypotheses that compromise their accuracy. We present a critical review of the available viscocapillary models and proposed changes to improve its range of applicability. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing its predictions to the solution of the full two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equation. The model is valid at low capillary and Reynolds number regime and at low gap‐to‐wet thickness ratio. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multiperiod design and planning of multiproduct batch plants with mixed‐product campaigns
Authors: Corsano Gabriela , Aguirre Pío A. , Montagna Jorge M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis work presents a multiperiod optimization model for multiproduct batch plants operating during several time periods with different characteristics because of seasonal and market fluctuations. This model simultaneously considers decisions about the design, operation, scheduling, and planning of the plant and the corresponding trade‐offs among them. Thus, decomposition mechanisms, which have been frequently used in previous approaches, are avoided through a formulation that takes into account the main elements of these problems. Besides, decisions are affected by different context conditions arisen by the multiperiod effect. Through a mixed integer nonlinear program, different alternatives of mixed production campaign are considered, handled by means of a novel set of scheduling constraints. This approach is posed for a fermentors network with high detail level in the description of the unit operations in a plant that produces yeast and ethanol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Analysis of the effect of mixing vane geometry on the flow in an annular centrifugal contactor
Authors: Wardle Kent E. , Allen Todd R. , Anderson Mark H. , Swaney Ross E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe annular centrifugal contactor is a compact mixer/centrifuge developed for solvent extraction processes for recycling used nuclear fuel. This research effort couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling with a variety of experimental observations to provide a valid detailed analysis of the flow within the centrifugal contactor. CFD modeling of the free surface flow in the annular mixing zone using the volume‐of‐fluid method combined with large eddy simulation of turbulence was found to have very good agreement with the experimental measurements. A detailed comparative analysis of the flow and mixing with different housing vane geometries (four straight vanes, eight straight vanes, and curved vanes) was performed. Two additional variations on the eight straight vane geometry were also simulated. This analysis determined that at the simulated moderate flow rate the four straight mixing vane geometry has greater mixing and fluid residence time as compared to the other mixing vane configurations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multivariable real‐time optimal control of a cooling and antisolvent semibatch crystallization process
Authors: Trifkovic Milana , Sheikhzadeh Mehdi , Rohani Sohrab 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article presents an experimental study of simultaneous optimization with respect to two variables (cooling rate and flow‐rate of antisolvent) in an offline and online (real‐time) manner on a semibatch crystallizer. The nucleation and growth kinetic parameters of paracetamol in an isopropanol‐water cooling, antisolvent batch crystallizer were estimated by nonlinear regression in terms of the moments of the crystal population density. Moments of crystal population were estimated from the measured chord length distribution, generated by the FBRM®, and the supersaturation was calculated from the measured concentration by attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of real‐time optimization showed a substantial improvement of the end of batch properties (the volume‐weighted mean size and yield). For the same objective function, the real‐time optimization method resulted in an increase in the volume‐weighted mean size by ∼100 μm and 15% of theoretical yield compared with the best result obtained in an offline optimization manner. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Design of mixed conducting ceramic membranes/reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas
Authors: Tan Xiaoyao , Li K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe performance of mixed conducting ceramic membrane reactors for the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas has been analyzed through a two‐dimensional mathematical model, in which the material balance, the heat balance and the momentum balance for both the shell and the tube phase are taken into account. The modeling results indicate that the membrane reactors have many advantages over the conventional fixed bed reactors such as the higher CO selectivity and yield, the lower heating point and the lower pressure drop as well. When the methane feed is converted completely into product in the membrane reactors, temperature flying can take place, which may be restrained by increasing the feed flow rate or by lowering the operation temperature. The reaction capacity of the membrane reactor is mainly determined by the oxygen permeation rate rather than by the POM reaction rate on the catalyst. In order to improve the membrane reactor performance, reduction of mass transfer resistance in the catalyst bed is necessary. Using the smaller membrane tubes is an effective way to achieve a higher reaction capacity, but the pressure drop is a severe problem to be faced. The methane feed velocity for the operation of mixed conducting membrane reactors should be carefully regulated so as to obtain the maximum syngas yield, which can be estimated from their oxygen permeability. The mathematical model and the kinetic parameters have been validated by comparing modeling results with the experimental data for the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐α (LSCF) membrane reactor. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Relationships between asthma and work exposures among non‐domestic cleaners in Ontario
Authors: Obadia Maya , Liss Gary M. , Lou Wendy , Purdham James , Tarlo Susan M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundCleaners have been reported to have increased risk for work‐related asthma symptoms but few studies have studied non‐domestic cleaners. In this study, we compared work‐related asthma symptoms among cleaners and other building workers and determined associations with tasks.MethodsSchool and racetrack workers in Ontario, Canada, completed a questionnaire to identify the prevalence of cleaning tasks, physician‐diagnosed asthma, new‐onset asthma, respiratory symptoms, and work‐related asthma symptoms.ResultsCleaners and controls had a similar prevalence of most asthma outcomes although female cleaners reported significantly more respiratory symptoms; odds ratio (OR), 2.59 confidence intervals (CI) 1.6–4.3, and work‐related asthma symptoms, OR 3.90 (CI 2.1–7.4) compared with female controls with adjustment for age and smoking history. Male cleaners showed a non‐significant trend to more physician‐diagnosed asthma, adjusted OR 2.10 (CI 0.9–4.8) and work‐related asthma symptoms, adjusted OR 1.53 (CI 0.8–3.0). The work‐related asthma symptoms among men were significantly associated with waxing floors, OR 2.19 (CI 1.0–4.4); wax‐stripping floors, OR 2.54 (1.2–5.2); spot‐cleaning carpets, OR 2.20 (1.3–3.8); and cleaning tiles, OR 4.46 (1.0–19.3) and grout, OR 2.12 (1.1–4.0).ConclusionsFemale cleaners have more asthma symptoms worse at work than controls. Work‐related asthma symptoms among male cleaners were associated with a number of specific cleaning tasks. Findings suggest the need for school cleaners to have reduced exposure to cleaning chemicals and need for protective strategies during performance of tasks expected to exacerbate asthma, such as wax stripping. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:716–723, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of acro‐cardio‐facial syndrome (ACFS): Exclusion of P63 mutation
Authors: Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Sittiwangkul Rekwan , Dejkhamron Prapai , Srikummool Metawee , Sripathomsawat Warissara , Kantaputra Piranit 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAcro‐cardio‐facial syndrome (ACFS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital malformation syndrome; consistent features include ectrodactyly, cleft lip/palate with minor facial anomalies, genital abnormalities, mental retardation, and growth retardation. Five cases have been reported. We report on a new patient with ACFS syndrome. In addition to the characteristic features of ACFS, the reported patient also has mild scoliosis, hemivertebrae and subclinical hyperthyroidism. These additional features may expand the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.