bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off‐The‐Shelf Multivalent Nanoconjugate Cancer Vaccine Rescues Host Immune Response against Melanoma
Authors: Moura Liane IF , Malfanti Alessio , Matos Ana I , Peres Carina , Armiñán Ana , Duro‐Castaño Aroa , Conejos‐Sánchez Inmaculada , Medel María , Đorđević Snežana , Carrascosa Paula , Carreira Bárbara , Acúrcio Rita C , Xavier‐Ferreira Helena , Hernández‐Barranco Alberto , Castellano Elena , Roselló Esther , Machado José C. , Peinado Héctor , Vicent María J. , Florindo Helena F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTumor‐associated antigen‐based cancer vaccines suffer from limited clinical success compared to alternative immunotherapies in melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The anti‐tumor potential of a multivalent nanoconjugate cancer vaccine platform – a cross‐linked star‐shaped polyglutamate carrier (StCl) with marked lymphotropic character conjugated with melanoma‐associated peptide antigens is evaluated through redox‐responsive linkers. The co‐delivery of melanoma‐associated peptide antigens by the nanoconjugate platform induced significant effector immune responses in a mouse melanoma model. The nanoconjugate platform synergized with a PD‐1 inhibitor to revert the immunosuppressive melanoma tumor microenvironment by improving cytotoxic T‐cell infiltration, which prompted a superior anti‐tumor effect with prolonged overall survival without acute organ toxicity. The antigen‐specific anti‐tumor immune response induced by the nanoconjugate platform is also validated in a melanoma patient‐derived xenograft mouse model. A promising, versatile StCl‐based platform is reported for generating off‐the‐shelf multivalent nanoconjugate cancer vaccines for the safe and efficient immunotherapeutic treatment of melanoma.
The impact of HPAI trade restrictions on U.S. poultry exports in 2022–23
Authors: Padilla Samantha L. , Baker Quinton J. , MacLachlan Matthew J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn early 2022, APHIS confirmed a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), signaling the beginning of an extensive HPAI outbreak. Since the start of the outbreak in 2022, more than 105 million birds across commercial and backyard operations in 48 states have been affected. Many countries, including top importers of U.S. poultry meat and products, have imposed trade restrictions on U.S. poultry exports in response to the outbreak. We examine the impacts of county‐ and state‐level restrictions and HPAI cases on U.S. poultry exports in 2022 and 2023 using a fixed‐effects Poisson model. We find that state‐level restrictions have a negative and statistically significant effect on export value, associated with a 60% decline in real export value, compared to when no state restrictions are in place. Conversely, county‐level restrictions are associated with a 16% decline, suggesting that geographic granularity is an important determinant of the impact of a ban and USDA efforts to negotiate for more localized restrictions ensure the continuation of U.S. poultry exports under an animal health emergency.
Analysis of emergency medicine clerkship grades by identification as underrepresented in medicine (URiM) versus non‐URiM
Authors: Walsh Kevin , House Joseph , Holman Elizabeth , Hopson Laura R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies identified racial differences in core clinical clerkship evaluations and components of residency applications, including the medical school performance evaluation and standard letter of evaluation. However, there are no studies that have examined grading differences in the emergency medicine (EM) clerkship. Our goal was to determine whether there are differences in EM clerkship grades and its components (National Board of Medical Examiners [NBME] exam scores and clinical assessments) between underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and non‐URiM students.MethodsThis retrospective sample was drawn from University of Michigan Medical School students with graduation year (GY) 2021 or 2022 who completed the required EM clerkship. We compared overall composite scores on the EM clerkship, EM NBME exam score, and clinical assessments between URiM and non‐URiM students.ResultsA total of 334 students completed an EM rotation in GY 2021 and 2022. Eleven students with “missing” race data were excluded. Fifty‐two (16.1%) identified as URiM while 271 (83.9%) identified as non‐URiM. Non‐URiM students significantly outperformed the URiM group (non‐URiM mean 81.2, URiM mean 77.6; p = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference for clinical performance (6.71 vs 6.49 p = 0.057). Overall clerkship grades differed, as URiM students had higher percentages of “pass” grades (32.7%) and lower percentages of “honors” grades (40.4%) than non‐URiM students (13.7%, 59.4%). When controlling for NBME shelf exam score, there were still differences in outcomes between URiM and non‐URiM students.ConclusionsThere are grading differences between students who identified as URiM and non‐URiM. There is a statistically significant difference with respect to outcomes on NBME shelf exam scores, which is responsible for a portion of these differences; however, when controlled for NBME scores, there was still a difference between these two groups. This calls for a change in how students are evaluated to address equity concerns in clinical assessments.
Tracer kinetic model detecting heterogeneous blood–brain barrier permeability to water and contrast agent in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Xu Ziming , Ji Yong , Wen Chen , Gan Jinghuan , Chen Zhichao , Li Rui , Lin Xiaoqi , Dou Jiaqi , Wang Yajie , Liu Shuai , Shi Zhihong , Wu Hao , Lu Hao , Chen Huijun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBlood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is essential in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), whereas the variability in BBB permeability to water and contrast agent is less clear.METHODSWe investigated BBB permeability to water and contrast agent simultaneously using a novel tracer kinetic model for dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in 42 AD patients, 22 DLB patients, and 22 healthy controls. All participants underwent clinical, cognitive, and MRI assessments.RESULTSAD patients exhibited a significant reduction in the water exchange rates across the BBB, whereas DLB patients showed a significant increase in BBB permeability to contrast agent. Moreover, BBB permeability to both water and contrast agent in multiple brain regions demonstrated correlations with clinical severity.DISCUSSIONThe simultaneous evaluation of BBB permeability to water and contrast agent based on the proposed model highlights the heterogeneous patterns of BBB breakdown in AD and DLB.Highlights
We measured blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability to water and contrast agent based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by lower water exchange rates across the BBB.
Dementia with Lewy bodies exhibits higher BBB permeability to contrast agent.
BBB permeability is related to cognitive impairment and disease burden.
BBB permeability to water was negatively associated with that to contrast agent.
Alzheimer's disease patients have smaller venous drainage system compared to cognitively healthy controls
Authors: Pardo Keshet , Khasminsky Vadim , Keret Ophir , Benninger Felix , Goldberg Ilan , Shelef Ilan , Auriel Eitan , Glik Amir 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOne of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42). Decreased venous drainage may enhance Aβ42 accumulation. We aimed to compare venous cross‐sectional area (CSA) of AD patients to cognitively healthy controls.METHODSAll patients underwent neurocognitive evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging, including time‐of‐flight sequence. Venous CSA was measured at the jugular foramen level.RESULTSThirty‐nine AD/mild cognitive impairment patients and 20 cognitively healthy controls were included. Total venous CSA was smaller in the cognitively impaired group (mean CSA 139.77 mm2 [SD: 32.22] vs 166.55 mm2 [SD: 33.1], p = 0.004]. When divided, both internal jugular and non‐jugular systems were smaller within cognitively impaired patients; statistical significance was achieved only for the non‐jugular system (mean CSA 41.21 mm2 [SD: 21.52] vs 54.5 mm2 [SD: 27.31], p = 0.045).DISCUSSIONThere is an association between smaller venous systems and cognitive impairment, most prominently in the non‐jugular system. Venous narrowing may cause impaired venous drainage, leading to an accumulation of Aβ42.Highlights
The non‐jugular venous system, including the vertebral plexus and pterygopalatine plexus, plays an important role in cerebral drainage.
The total venous CSA is significantly smaller in cognitively impaired patients compared to healthy controls.
Reduced venous drainage may contribute to the accumulation of Aβ and other waste products and potentially plays a role in AD pathology.
Modulated π‐Bridge of Thioxothiazolidine Derivatives for Passivating Bilateral Interfaces and Grain Boundaries in n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Zhichao , Wu Yibing , Ouyang Xinhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdditive engineering has emerged as the predominant approach for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) dyes with tailored configurations have proven to be a viable and effective strategy for passivating defects and optimizing interfacial contacts. In this study, we present two asymmetrical D‐π‐A dyes, designated as TZR and TNR. These dyes are designed and synthesized with identical hole‐ and electron‐transporting backbones but feature distinct π‐bridge groups. They are incorporated into the precursor solution of PbI2 to facilitate in situ passivation of both interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) during the formation of the perovskite film (two‐step process). These dyes effectively penetrate both buried and upper interfaces, allowing for the passivation of defects originating from the GBs, and both interfaces. This significantly reduces defects while enhancing charge transport properties. Notably, the π‐bridge composed of benzo[1,2,5]‐thiadiazole in TZR contains unpaired electrons from nitrogen and sulfur atoms. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.11 % is achieved. This performance significantly surpasses that of TNR‐based and pristine devices, achieving PCEs of 24.47 % and 22.88 %, respectively. Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in the stability of the unencapsulated device, attributed to the exceptional hydrophobicity of the D‐π‐A dyes. This study offers valuable insights into achieving high‐performance PSCs through careful molecular design.
Water‐Resistant Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Block Copolymers
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shan Jingyi , Dong Mengyang , Qian Zhao , Lv Anqi , Qian Hu‐Jun , Ma Huili , An Zhongfu , Gu Long , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers have demonstrated significant potential for various applications due to their unique luminescent properties. However, most conventional RTP polymers are vulnerable to moisture and water, which can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network within the polymer and accelerate the non‐radiative decay of triplet excitons of phosphors, leading to the quenching of RTP. Herein, we present a universal strategy to achieve water‐resistant RTP polymers by designing amphiphilic block copolymers with microphase‐separated structures. Specifically, the rigid hydrophilic phase, which is rich in carboxyl groups, forms hydrogen bonds that suppress non‐radiative decay of the chromophores, resulting in RTP. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic phase effectively prevents water molecules from penetrating and disrupting the rigid polymer network. By combining the functions of both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases, the resulting RTP copolymers exhibit good water‐resistant properties. Even after being immersed in water for one month, the copolymers maintain a green afterglow with a lifetime of 629 ms. Moreover, the water‐resistant nature of these RTP polymers has also been demonstrated in potential applications of afterglow displays and anti‐counterfeiting. This research offers valuable insights into the design of RTP materials with stability in aqueous environments and broadens the scope of their potential applications in diverse settings.
Direct Asymmetric α‐Alkylation of β‐Ketocarbonyl Compounds with Simple Olefins by Photoredox‐Nickel‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Triple Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Xue‐Song , Li Zi‐Qing , Qu Wen‐Yuan , Zhang Zhihan , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough the asymmetric α‐alkylation of carbonyl compounds with activated olefins has already been established, extending this methodology to less activated or nonactivated olefins remains a significant challenge due to the polarity mismatch in these ionic processes. An alternative approach involves the activation of the parent carbonyl compounds into electrophilic α‐carbonyl radicals, which could potentially overcome this limitation. However, the lack of efficient catalytic systems has impeded the wide adoption of this strategy, particularly in realm of the catalytic asymmetric reactions. Here, we present a cooperative triple catalytic system that integrates photoredox, chiral Lewis acid, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts to achieve a direct asymmetric α‐alkylation of β‐ketocarbonyl compounds using simple olefins as alkylating agents. By combining a multifunctional chiral nickel Lewis acid with an iridium photoredox catalyst and a thiophenol catalyst under visible light, we have developed a highly efficient process that is temporally synchronized to facilitate a novel mechanism of electron and hydrogen transfer. This triple catalytic approach enables the intermolecular coupling of β‐ketocarbonyl compounds with both less and non‐activated olefins. This redox‐neutral protocol provides an atom‐ and step‐economic route to enantioselectively synthesize high‐value molecules featuring an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter from feedstock chemicals, while only consuming photons.
Manipulating the dynamics of chiral molecular bearings through subtle structural changes of guest molecules
Authors: Kotani Yuki , Katsuno Ryosuke , Sambe Kohei , Terasaki Seiya , Matsuno Taisuke , Ikemoto Koki , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBy introducing fluorine substituents, anisotropic rotational motion was induced in diamondoid guests trapped in cylindrical hosts arranged in a 2D honeycomb crystal. Despite the subtle structural changes, the substituent hindered flipping motions in the host and biased its rotations toward tilted precession. The fluorine substituent facilitated the dielectric response of the crystal, as revealed through dielectric constant measurements, which provided insight into the detailed dynamics of the anisotropic rotations. The up‐down flipping motion of the guest within the 2D crystal was constrained by an energy barrier but remained manipulable under an external electric field. Consequently, the angular momentum of the spinning guest, with its C−F pole, was forced to align with the applied electric field.
Disorganization of Small‐World Functional Brain Networks in First‐Episode, Treatment‐Naïve Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Cheng Song , Tong Henry H. Y. , Zhang Chaoqing , Jian Lingyu , Ji Junjun , Li Ting , Wang Yu , Li Junfeng , Li Kefeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAdolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent globally but often goes unnoticed due to differences in symptoms compared to adult criteria. Analyzing the brain from a network perspective provides new insights into higher‐level brain functions and its pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate changes in the topological organization of functional networks in adolescents with first‐episode, treatment‐naïve MDD.MethodThe study included 23 adolescents with depression and 27 matched healthy controls (HCs). Resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) was conducted, and whole‐brain functional networks were constructed. Graph theory analysis was used to evaluate network topological properties. A machine‐learning multivariate diagnostic model was developed using network metrics associated with depression severity.ResultsBoth the MDD and HC groups displayed small‐world topology, with male MDD patients showing reduced global clustering efficiency (Cp). The nodal Cp (NCp) and local efficiency (NLE) in the bilateral pallidum were significantly positively correlated with depression severity. In contrast, nodal efficiency (NE) in the left medial orbital superior frontal gyri (ORBsupmed) showed a negative correlation with disease severity. A machine‐learning multivariate model using regional network topological features produced an AUROC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92) and an F1 score of 0.65, successfully differentiating adolescent MDD from HCs.ConclusionOur findings suggest disruptions in small‐world topology in both global and local brain networks in adolescent depression. These abnormal nodal properties may serve as novel neural markers of the disorder.
Serum Creatine Levels as a Predictive Factor for Postoperative Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Mou Siqi , Zhao Zhikang , Liu Chenglong , Li Junsheng , He Qiheng , Liu Wei , Zhang Bojian , Zheng Zhiyao , Sun Wei , Shi Xiangjun , Zhang Qian , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Ge Peicong , Zhang Dong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCreatine is essential for energy storage and transfer within and outside cells. However, its relationship with cerebrovascular disease has not been fully explored. This study examined the association between serum creatine levels and postoperative cerebrovascular events, including transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).MethodsSerum creatine and disodium creatine phosphate levels were quantified in 352 patients with MMD using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves were used to analyze the impact of serum creatine levels on cerebrovascular event risk, whereas univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of postoperative outcomes. A prognostic nomogram was developed to predict stroke‐free survival at 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively.ResultsIn patients with MMD, serum creatine showed a negative correlation with creatinine (r = −0.22; p < 0.001) and homocysteine (r = −0.10; p < 0.05) but not with disodium creatine phosphate (r = −0.08; p = 0.15). When patients were divided into high and low groups based on the median serum creatine concentration, KM curve analysis revealed that patients in the high concentration group had a lower relative risk of cerebrovascular events than those in the low concentration group (hazard ratio: 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.94; p = 0.026). Furthermore, when patients were categorized into three levels based on creatine concentration, the overall KM curve analysis showed a significant difference (p = 0.038), such that the highest creatine concentration group (third tertile) showed a significantly reduced risk compared with the lowest concentration group (first tertile; p = 0.04).ConclusionLower preoperative serum creatine levels were associated with a higher risk of postoperative cerebrovascular events in patients with MMD. Therefore, creatine supplementation may be an effective means of preventing adverse outcomes in patients with MMD.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia‐Osteoblast Interaction Mediated Autophagy Induction Protects Against Cytarabine Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Shivhare Kamini , Satija Neeraj Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigh rate of relapse, following chemotherapy, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major concern. The chemoprotection conferred by the bone marrow microenvironment has lately been recognized, in addition to autophagy‐mediated chemoresistance. Thus, the present study explored the effect of osteoblast on autophagy in AML and its impact on sensitivity to cytarabine (Ara‐C) in the context of endosteal niche. Co‐culture of KG1‐a, HL60, or THP‐1 AML cells with osteoblastic Saos‐2 cell line induced autophagy in AML cell lines under direct contact. HL60 cells when co‐culture with Saos‐2 demonstrated more resistance to Ara‐C induced apoptosis, which was reversed upon chloroquine treatment. Similarly, inhibition of autophagy in AML cell by knocking down Beclin‐1 enhanced HL60 sensitivity to Ara‐C. An interesting observation was upregulation of autophagy even in Saos‐2 cells upon co‐culture with AML cell, and increase in HL60 apoptosis in response to Ara‐C on Beclin‐1 knockdown in osteoblast cell. This highlights that autophagy plays a chemoprotective role in the endosteal niche in AML against Ara‐C.
Towards Scalable Electroenzymatic Hydrogen Production with [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Webb Sophie , Milton Ross D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe highly efficient [FeFe]‐hydrogenase enzyme could offer a new route to sustainable hydrogen (H2) production in the future, however key issues such as oxygen intolerance, structural fragility upon immobilization, as well as the need to produce the isolated enzyme in scalable quantities remains to be solved before this biotechnology becomes viable. This review touches upon some key issues which need to be addressed and provides a perspective on the future of electroenzymatic H2 production by [FeFe]‐hydrogenase.
Trifunctional Nature of Heteroatom (B, N, S, O)‐Doped Waste Diesel Soot: Turning Pollutants Into Potential Energy Catalysts for HER, OER, and ORR
Authors: Chauhan Manish , Budania Yashmeen , Modi Akshay , Kumar Pradip , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Singh Shiv 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the innovative use of multiheteroatom‐doped vehicle exhaust soot as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (OER/HER), presenting a transformative approach in energy materials. The synergistic effects of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (B, N, O, and S) heteroatom doping on vehicle exhaust carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were explored thoroughly experimentally and through density functional theory (DFT) modeling, revealing the potential of these materials as tri‐purpose catalysts for converting pollutants into electrocatalysts. The B‐CNPs had the lowest overpotential (338 mV) at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, whereas the reaction kinetics of the B–N–S‐CNPs were superior, as they had the lowest Tafel slope (83.09 mV/dec). Furthermore, all the heteroatom‐doped CNPs perform better in terms of the OER than pristine CNPs, as they are in the range of 1.05–1.15 V (values are deducted from the theoretical potential of OER 1.23 V vs. RHE) at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. In the ORR, B–N–S‐CNPs had the highest limiting current density, onset potential, and half‐wave overpotential, which were 1.70 mA/cm2, 0.86, and 0.64 V, respectively. In addition to these experimental investigations, DFT simulations were used to calculate the binding energy (BE), interaction energy (IE/Eads), HOMO‐LUMO energy band gap, charge transfer (CT), noncovalent interaction (NCI) plot, and QTAIM molecular graphs of the CNPs and heteroatom‐doped CNPs and provided evocative outcomes as expected. This multifaceted approach integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic potential of multiheteroatom‐doped soot.