bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Trial of Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells for Critical Limb Ischemia: Results of the Naples and Pietra Ligure Evaluation of Stem Cells Study
Authors: Schiavetta Alessandro , Maione Ciro , Botti Chiara , Marino Gennaro , Lillo Stefano , Garrone Alberto , Lanza Lorella , Pagliari Stefano , Silvestroni Andrea , Signoriello Giuseppe , Sica Vincenzo , Cobellis Gilda 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a vascular disease affecting lower limbs, which is going to become a demanding challenge because of the aging of the population. Despite advances in endovascular therapies, CLI is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients without direct revascularization options have the worst outcomes. To date, 25%–40% of CLI patients are not candidates for surgical or endovascular approaches, ultimately facing the possibility of a major amputation. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow (BM) transplantation performed in “no-option” patients, in terms of restoring blood perfusion by collateral flow and limb salvage. A multicenter, prospective, not-controlled phase II study for no-option CLI patients was performed. Patients were subjected to intra-arterial infusion of autologous bone marrow and followed for 12 months after the treatment. Variation of blood perfusion parameters, evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry or transcutaneous oximetry, was set as the primary endpoint at 12 months after treatment and amputation-free survival as the secondary endpoint. Sixty patients were enrolled and treated with BM transplantation, showing improvement in objective and subjective measures of perfusion. Furthermore, survival analysis demonstrated improved amputation-free survival rates (75.2%) at 12 months after the treatment. This study provides further evidence that autologous bone marrow transplantation is well tolerated by CLI patients without adverse effects, demonstrating trends toward improvement in perfusion and reduced amputation rate, confirming the feasibility and safety of the procedure.
Long‐Term Memory Effects of Eye Closure on Children Eyewitness Testimonies
Authors: Natali Valeria , Marucci Francesco S. , Mastroberardino Serena 
Published: July 2012

SummaryPrevious studies conducted on adults and children found that closing the eyes while recalling an event increased memory accuracy for both free and cued recall. One possible explanation to this phenomenon is that eye closure increases the amount of cognitive resources devoted to the task reducing external stimulation, but it is still not clear whether the beneficial effect is only due to a better focus on the task or to a better encoding of the material leading to an advantage over time. In this study, we evaluated the effect of eye closure instruction on children memory accuracy for a short clip in an immediate and delayed recall. We observed that asking participants to close their eyes while performing a memory task helped them to remember more details and that this effect persisted after a time delay. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multisensory Assessment of Acoustic Comfort Aboard Metros: a Virtual Reality Study
Authors: Iachini Tina , Maffei Luigi , Ruotolo Francesco , Senese Vincenzo Paolo , Ruggiero Gennaro , Masullo Massimiliano , Alekseeva Natalia 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn this study, a multisensory methodology is used to assess acoustic comfort aboard different real‐world metros by means of subjective annoyance and cognitive performance measures. Two experimental conditions were compared: unimodal versus bimodal. Immersive virtual reality was used to simulate journeys aboard metro coaches. Participants performed four tasks (Rey Test, Verbal Fluency, Backward Counting and Auditory Words Discrimination) while listening to metro sounds (unimodal condition) or while listening to metro sounds within a virtual metro coach (bimodal condition). At the end of each journey, participants reported their degree of noise annoyance. The results showed that cognitive performances were worse in the bimodal than in the unimodal condition. Moreover, the bimodal condition affected negatively the capacity to discriminate words and to count backward. However, reported noise annoyance was higher in the unimodal than bimodal condition. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Interactions in Ni‐Mn‐Based Magnetic Shape‐Memory Heusler Alloys
Authors: Acet Mehmet , Wassermann Eberhard F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNi‐Mn‐based Heusler alloys exhibit a variety of features related to martensitic transformations and are materials that are sought to be employed in actuation applications. To be able to exploit their properties, it is necessary to understand the rich variety and subtle magnetic coupling mechanisms occurring in these alloys. We review complementary neutron polarization analysis and ferromagnetic resonance experiments and give an account on the complex magnetism of these alloys in the austenite and martensite states.
A Novel Approach to the Pyridoacridine Ring System: Synthesis of the Topoisomerase Inhibitor 13‐Deazaascididemin
Authors: Raeder Stephan , Bracher Franz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel approach to the pyridoacridine ring system of the ascididemin‐type marine alkaloids is presented. This approach allows for the introduction of the ring A of the alkaloids by using a simple aromatic aldehyde building block. The viability of this approach is demonstrated with the synthesis of AK37, a bioactive deaza analogue of the alkaloid ascididemin. Starting from 3‐cyano‐4‐methylquinoline, a sequence of regioselective homolytic benzoylation, annulation of a bromopyridine ring, and radical cyclization leads to the pentacyclic ring system.
1,2,4‐Trisubstituted Cyclopentanes as Platforms for Diversity
Authors: Guan Yousheng , Bissantz Caterina , Bergstrom Donald E. , Link Andreas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDespite their simplicity, relatively few examples of 1,2,4 (1,3,4)‐amino‐, azido‐, and hydroxy‐substituted cyclopentanes are reported in the literature. We found that cyclopent‐3‐en‐1‐ol can be transformed into a significant variety of compounds of this class by relatively common and efficient synthetic procedures. Stereochemical control of epoxidation of the cyclopentene double bond can be achieved by varying the substitutents at C4. The C4 substituent and epoxide functional group can be converted into a variety of intermediates with differential protection designed for use in applications requiring regiospecific control for further elaboration of the cyclopentane scaffold.
Comparative study on travel time reliability indexes for highway users and operators
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Yukimasa 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYTravel time reliability is an emerging evaluation measure for highway network service levels. This paper focuses on travel time reliability indexes for a highway network and proposes new travel time indexes for users. The paper also discusses and compares several previously and newly proposed indexes for use by both highway users and operators. Because this comparative study requires travel time variation, two models are developed for estimating travel time variation. One is the multi‐hierarchical stochastic model for estimating travel time variation under uncertainty in demand and service. The other is the temporal and spatial transition model using actual traffic detector data. Then, new indexes for assessing travel time reliability are proposed. Because operators of highway network are interested in the degree of congestion and delay, the previously proposed indexes are regarded as operator‐side indexes. The highway users are, however, interested in the accuracy of their travel time and in the earlier arrival at their destination. Thus, this paper proposes the user‐side indexes. Travel time reliability indexes, including previously proposed indexes, are calculated on the basis of the cumulative distribution function outcome from these models and are compared and discussed. In two sections, 11 indexes with different characteristics are compared. One of the results is that these indexes behave differently for the same route. This suggests that understanding an index's formulation and characteristics is important for selecting the appropriate index according to both the purpose of use and the characteristics of the study route. Another important result is that indexes useful for the user side do not always agree with the operator‐side indexes. Finally, the results of the comparative study suggest that the combination of average travel time and an appropriate travel time reliability index is very important for both users and operators for assessing the route reliability properly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Personal Agency on Regret
Authors: Contractor Sunil H. , Kumar Piyush 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine the role of personal agency as a key antecedent of regret that individuals experience when the outcome of their decision is unfavorable. In contrast to previous research that documents its exacerbating role, we find that personal agencymitigatesregret under certain circumstances. A series of experimental studies show that personal responsibility for the decision may attenuate subjective perceptions of the extent of failure and mitigate regret. However, when the superior outcome of the foregone option is known and the failure of the chosen option is irreversible, personal agency may amplify regret. We also find that subjective failure perceptions mediate the relationship between personal agency and regret levels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
It Was a Most Unusual Time: How Memory Bias Engenders Nostalgic Preferences
Authors: Morewedge Carey K. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTNostalgic preferences are widespread—people believe past movies, music, television shows, places, and periods of life to have been better than their present counterparts. Three experiments explored the cognitive underpinnings of nostalgic preferences. Participants rated past experiences to have been superior to similar present and recent experiences. These nostalgic preferences appeared to be due to the belief that the atypically positive experiences that participants recalled at the time of judgment were more representative of their past experiences than of their present experiences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living and Learning: Reproducing Beliefs in Selective Experience
Authors: Elwin Ebba 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPeople's decisions shape their experience. For example, a recruitment officer decides between job applicants and cannot evaluate the suitability of rejected applicants. The selection decisions thus affect the content of the officer's experience of suitable and unsuitable applicants, and experiential learning is achieved from a selective sample of experiences. It is suggested that people's beliefs are sensitive to the content of the experienced sample, but the mind cannot adjust for the selectivity of the sample even when it results from the individual's own decisions. Two experiments with a recruitment task showed that incorrect prior beliefs survive experiential learning when the beliefs are reproduced and thus appear to be confirmed, in actual experience. When the task was to achieve high performance, incorrect prior beliefs persisted because they were reproduced in a smaller sample of selected job applicants. In contrast, when the task was focused on learning, a greater number of applicants were selected, and a more representative experience therefore revised incorrect beliefs. The actual content of the experienced sample is thus crucial for the persistence, as well as for the revision, of incorrect beliefs. Further, as predicted by the hypothesis of constructivist coding, when feedback was absent for rejected applicants, participants constructed “internal feedback” in line with the expectation that the rejected applicant was unsuitable. Thus, when fewer applicants were hired, participants came to believe that the actual proportion of suitable applicants was low. Finally, the implications for efforts to reduce bias and improve experiential learning are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
InCl3‐Mediated Addition of Indole to Isatogens: An Expeditious Synthesis of 13‐deoxy‐Isatisine A
Authors: Kumar Chepuri V. Suneel , Puranik Vedavati G , Ramana Chepuri V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA strategy directed towards the total synthesis of isatisine A that involves several late‐stage metal‐catalyzed transformations that address the key carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formations has been developed. As a part of this strategy, methods for the addition of indoles to isatogens that lead selectively to either 2,2‐disubstituted N‐hydroxyindolin‐3‐one or 2,2‐disubstituted indolin‐3‐one compounds have been developed by employing InCl3 as a catalyst or as the reagent. The present methods provide the first examples of the additions of indoles to the isatogen nucleus. To demonstrate its viability, the synthesis of 13‐deoxy‐isatisine A has been completed in ten steps from a known and easily available lactone.
Total Synthesis of Branimycin: An Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Enev Valentin S. , Felzmann Wolfgang , Gromov Alexey , Marchart Stefan , Mulzer Johann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the macrolactone antibiotic branimycin (4) has been described. The key disconnection leads to a cis‐dehydrodecalone core and a polyketide side chain which are connected via organometallic addition. The dehydrodecalone core was targeted via altogether five different approaches featuring various kinds of chiral elements and ring‐closing methodology. In the end the most successful method starting from diepoxynaphthalene 109 was chosen to carry on with the synthesis. Thus the oxygen functions and carbon appendages were introduced via organometallic desymmetrization reactions to generate epoxy ketone 107, to which vinyl iodide 11 was added after conversion into the organolithium species. The synthesis was completed by introducing the ester side chain via Michael addition and subsequent macrolactonization.
Cytokinesis mechanics and mechanosensing
Authors: West‐Foyle Hoku , Robinson Douglas N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCytokinesis shape change occurs through the interfacing of three modules, cell mechanics, myosin II‐mediated contractile stress generation and sensing, and a control system of regulatory proteins, which together ensure flexibility and robustness. This integrated system then defines the stereotypical shape changes of successful cytokinesis, which occurs under a diversity of mechanical contexts and environmental conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practical distributed secret key generation for delay tolerant networks
Authors: Xie Yongming , Wang Guojun 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYDelay tolerant networks (DTNs) are resource‐constrained dynamic networks where a continuous end‐to‐end connectivity is not always available. In such a challenging network, a fixed infrastructure may not be connected when a DTN is partitioned or the message delay in the network is large. Thus, the traditional public key infrastructure system and identity‐based encryption (IBE) system are not suitable for DTNs because they rely on centralized infrastructures and require multiple round‐trip interactions. To address this issue, we propose a distributed secret key generation system with self‐certified identity (SCI‐DKG) that does not require any private key generator and threshold cryptosystem. Initially, each node generates a private key and distributes an initial message including a self‐certified identity and secret sharings to members in a DTN. Receivers independently authenticate the identity and extracts some encryption parameters corresponding to the identity from this initial message. We prove that SCI‐DKG is chosen ciphertext secure in the standard model, and it can resist potential network attacks. Simulation results show that SCI‐DKG has smaller delay and higher successful ratio of secret key generation compared with IBE and hierarchical IBE systems implemented in a DTN. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of GPU strategies for unstructured mesh physics
Authors: Ferenbaugh Charles R. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThere have been few efforts to date to write physics algorithms for general unstructured meshes (meshes composed of arbitrary polygons/polyhedra) on graphics processing units (GPUs). Typical strategies for GPU memory management, such as double‐buffering and coalescing memory accesses, are difficult to apply to the irregular memory storage patterns of unstructured meshes. This paper presents results from an initial GPU version of a typical unstructured mesh kernel. Three different memory management strategies are described and implemented. Timing results for all three strategies are presented, in some cases showing speedups of over 20 times compared with the original CPU code.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inundation frequency and viability of microcrustacean propagules in soils of temporary aquatic habitats of lower Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Siziba Nqobizitha , Chimbari Moses J. , Mosepele Ketlhatlogile , Masundire Hillary , Ramberg Lars 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTMicrocrustacean emergence from the dry sediments is an important colonization pathway that allows these microfauna to recover and repopulate temporary aquatic habitats after months or years of dryness. Viable microcrustacean propagules in sediments of three different temporary aquatic habitats – rainpools located within the rarely flooded portions, frequently flooded floodplains and rarely flooded floodplains – were assessed experimentally by flooding the soils. Three major groups of microcrustaceans – cladocerans, copepods and ostracods – emerged from the sediments. Species richness and mean total numbers of emerged microcrustaceans per sample varied across the studied temporary aquatic habitats (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). Both species richness and mean total number of emerged microcrustacean per sample were lowest in sediments of rarely flooded floodplains. The highest species richness of microcrustaceans emerged from the treatments with soils of the frequently flooded floodplains. The mean total number of emerged microcrustaceans per sample was highest from sediments of rainpools followed by frequently flooded floodplains. Findings of this experiment suggest that high flooding frequency of temporary aquatic habitats may be important to sustain high viability of microcrustacean propagules in the sediments. Reduction of regular inundation of temporary floodplains due to the threats of increasing human water abstractions and climate change may have some negative effects on the microcrustaceans of the Okavango Delta by reducing the viable propagules within these systems. The findings of this experimental study will be relevant towards efforts that are aimed at reconciling anthropogenic pressures and conservation of microcrustaceans in the Okavango Delta. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐Tuning of Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Materials for Photonic Devices Through Remote Functionalization
Authors: Bünzli Andreas M. , Bolink Henk J. , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Neuburger Markus , Ortí Enrique , Pertegás Antonio , Zampese Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report four new iridium(III) complexes of the type [Ir(ppy)2(N∧N)][PF6] in which N∧N is a 4,6‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine and the 4‐phenyl ring is substituted at either the para or meta positions [4‐Me, N∧N = 1; 4‐Br, N∧N = 2; 3,5‐Br2, N∧N = 3; 3,5‐(C6H4‐4‐NPh2)2, N∧N = 4]. The complexes have been fully characterized, and single‐crystal diffraction analyses of [Ir(ppy)2(N∧N)][PF6] (N∧N = 1–3) confirmed that each [Ir(ppy)2(N∧N)]+ cation exhibits face‐to‐face π‐stacking between the pendant phenyl substituent of the N∧N ligand and the cyclometallated phenyl ring of an adjacent [ppy]– ligand. In solution, the complexes are short‐lived emitters; the emission maxima for [Ir(ppy)2(1)][PF6], [Ir(ppy)2(2)][PF6], and [Ir(ppy)2(4)][PF6] are similar (λem = 600–608 nm), but the presence of the two bromo substituents in [Ir(ppy)2(3)][PF6] produces a redshift of ca. 30 nm. The solid‐state photoluminescent emission spectra of thin films of the complexes are similar to those in solution. The performances of the complexes as electroluminescent components in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have been evaluated. The electroluminescence spectra show slight blueshifts with repect to the photoluminscence bands. LEC turn‐on times vary from instantaneous for N∧N = 2 to 2 h for N∧N = 1. The device data suggest that the incorporation of Br substituents into the N∧N co‐ligand may not be beneficial.
A new American dilemma? The effect of ethnic identification and public service on the national inclusion of ethnic minorities
Authors: Yogeeswaran Kumar , Dasgupta Nilanjana , Gomez Cristian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThree experiments integrate research from political science and social psychology to examine the consequences of two competing visions of American national identity. American identity has been defined not only in terms of shared ethnocultural heritage originating in Europe (the ethnocultural prototype) but also in terms of shared commitment to civic service (the civic responsibility prototype). Three experiments tested the consequence of highlighting each of these national prototypes on perceivers' inclusion of ethnic minorities as legitimately American. Experiments 1–3 showed that highlighting ethnic minorities' allegiance to their ethnic subgroup (versus downplaying it) challenges the ethnocultural prototype and makes ethnic minorities appear less American. Process data showed that this effect was mediated by increased threats to American distinctiveness. By contrast, emphasizing ethnic minorities' national service (versus local community service) highlights ethnic minorities' fit with the civic responsibility prototype and makes ethnic minorities appear more American (Experiments 2–3). Process data showed that this effect was mediated by enhanced American distinctiveness. Collectively, these experiments highlight how inclusion of ethnic minorities in the nation can wax and wane depending on which definition of national character is salient in the social context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engaging in self‐regulation results in low‐level construals
Authors: Bruyneel Sabrina D. , Dewitte Siegfried 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that self‐regulation results in low‐level construals but has inferred construal levels after self‐regulation only indirectly, through construal‐dependent judgments and choices. In the present paper, we demonstrate a direct link between engaging in self‐regulation and low‐level construals, by manipulating self‐regulation and subsequently assessing construal levels using well‐established and straightforward measures of construal level in three studies. Participants who engaged in self‐regulation subsequently provided lower egocentric spatial distance estimates (Studies 1A and 1B), formed more groups when categorizing objects (Study 2), and used more concrete language when describing cartoon main characters' behavior (Study 3) than participants who did not engage in self‐regulation. These findings provide direct evidence that low‐level construals result from engaging in self‐regulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.