bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond formation in the deep mantle: the record of mineral inclusions and their distribution in relation to mantle dehydration zones
Authors: Harte B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStudies of the inclusions contained in natural diamonds have shown the occurrence of minerals which must have formed at depths below the lithosphere and which may be closely matched with the silicate mineral assemblages determined by high pressure and temperature experimental studies for depths of 300 to 800 km in the Earth's mantle. The inclusions come principally from two main depth zones: (1) the lower asthenosphere and upper transition zone; (2) the Upper Mantle/Lower Mantle (UM/LM) boundary region and the uppermost LM. The inclusions from zone 1 are very largely majoritic garnets (with or without clinopyroxene) which indicate bulk compositions of eclogitic/metabasic affinity. The minerals from zone 2 include Ca-Si and Mg-Si perovskites and ferropericlase and are dominantly of metaperidotitic bulk composition, but include some possible metabasite assemblages. In many of these natural assemblages, the tetragonal almandine pyrope phase occurs rather than the garnet found in experiments.As natural diamonds are believed to crystallize in fluids/melts, the hypothesis is developed that the restriction of diamonds and inclusions of particular compositions to the above two depth intervals is because they are controlled by loci of fluid/melt occurrence. Attention is focused on subduction zones because both suites of inclusions show some evidence of subducted protoliths. The lower zone (600–800 km) coincides with the region where dehydration may be expected for hydrous ringwoodite and dense hydrous Mg-silicates formed in subducted peridotites. The dehydration of lawsonite in subducted metabasites provides a particular location for melt formation and the inclusion of the shallower (~ 300 km) majoritic inclusions. For the deeper majoritic inclusions in the region of the upper transition zone, melt development may occur as a consequence of the hydrous wadsleyite-to-olivine transformation, and such melt may then interact with the upper crustal portion of a subducting slab. These suggestions offer an explanation of the depth restrictions and the compositional restrictions of the inclusions. The differences in δ13C values in the host diamonds for the two suites of inclusions may also be explained on this basis.
Boron and lithium isotopic compositions as provenance indicators of Cu-bearing tourmalines
Authors: Shabaga B. M. , Fayek M. , Hawthorne F. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Li and B isotopic compositions of gem-quality Cu-bearing tourmalines were used (1) to distinguish among Paraiba tourmalines from Brazil and Cu-bearing tourmalines from Nigeria and Mozambique; and (2) to identify the likely source of Li and B for these gem-quality tourmalines. The δ11B values of tourmaline from Paraiba, Brazil, range from –42.4‰ to –32.9‰, whereas the δ11B values of Cu-bearing tourmaline from Nigeria and Mozambique range from –30.5‰ to –22.7‰ and –20.8‰ to –19.1‰ respectively. Tourmalines from each locality have relatively homogeneous δ11B values and display no overlap. There is slight overlap between δ7Li values of Paraiba tourmaline (+24.5‰ to +32.9‰) and Cu-bearing tourmaline from Nigeria (+32.4‰ to +35.4‰), and δ7Li values of Cu-bearing tourmaline from Nigeria and Mozambique (+31.5‰ to +46.8‰). Nevertheless, Cu-bearing tourmalines from each locality can be fingerprinted using a combination of their δ11B and δ7Li values. The very small δ11B values are consistent with a non-marine evaporite source, and are among the smallest reported for magmatic systems, expanding the global range of B isotopicc omposition for tourmaline by 12‰. The corresponding large δ7Li values are among the largest reported, although they are less diagnostic of the source of the Li. The large δ7Li values in conjunction with the small δ11B values suggest a non-marine evaporite or brine as a source for Li and B, either as constituent(s) of the magma source region or, by assimilation during magma ascent. The large range in δ11B and δ7Li values suggests that B and Li isotope fractionation occurred during magmatic degassing and late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the granite-pegmatite system.
Inhibition of lipid antigen presentation in dendritic cells by HIV-1 Vpu interference with CD1d recycling from endosomal compartments
Authors: Moll Markus , Andersson Sofia K. , Smed-Sörensen Anna , Sandberg Johan K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in viral infections both as initiators of immunity and as viral targets. Interaction between DCs and the innate-like CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells results in the mutual activation of both cells and the subsequent initiation of cellular immune responses. Here, we show that HIV-1 inhibits the surface expression of CD1d in productively infected DCs and identify this as a novel activity of the HIV-1 vpu gene product. Interestingly, the viral protein U (Vpu) does not enhance constitutive CD1d endocytosis or induce rapid CD1d degradation. Instead, the Vpu protein interacts with CD1d and suppresses its recycling from endosomal compartments to the cell surface by retaining CD1d in early endosomes. This interference with the CD1d antigen presentation pathway strongly inhibits the ability of infected DCs to activate CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Given that the interaction with CD1d-expressing DCs is central to the ability of NKT cells to regulate immunity, these data suggest that interference with the CD1d antigen presentation pathway represents an HIV-1 strategy to evade innate cellular immune responses and imply a role for the innate-like CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the host defense against HIV-1.
dConsensus: a tool for displaying domain assignments by multiple structure-based algorithms and for construction of a consensus assignment
Authors: Alden Kieran , Veretnik Stella , Bourne Philip E 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Partitioning of a protein into structural components, known as domains, is an important initial step in protein classification and for functional and evolutionary studies. While the systematic assignments of domains by human experts exist (CATH and SCOP), the introduction of high throughput technologies for structure determination threatens to overwhelm expert approaches. A variety of algorithmic methods have been developed to expedite this process, allowing almost instant structural decomposition into domains. The performance of algorithmic methods can approach 85% agreement on the number of domains with the consensus reached by experts. However, each algorithm takes a somewhat different conceptual approach, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. Currently there is no simple way to automatically compare assignments from different structure-based domain assignment methods, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of possible structure partitioning as well as providing some insight into the tendencies of particular algorithms. Most importantly, a consensus assignment drawn from multiple assignment methods can provide a singular and presumably more accurate view.

Results
We introduce dConsensus http://pdomains.sdsc.edu/dConsensus; a web resource that displays the results of calculations from multiple algorithmic methods and generates a domain assignment consensus with an associated reliability score. Domain assignments from seven structure-based algorithms - PDP, PUU, DomainParser2, NCBI method, DHcL, DDomains and Dodis are available for analysis and comparison alongside assignments made by expert methods. The assignments are available for all protein chains in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). A consensus domain assignment is built by either allowing each algorithm to contribute equally (simple approach) or by weighting the contribution of each method by its prior performance and observed tendencies. An analysis of secondary structure around domain and fragment boundaries is also available for display and further analysis.

Conclusion
dConsensus provides a comprehensive assignment of protein domains. For the first time, seven algorithmic methods are brought together with no need to access each method separately via a webserver or local copy of the software. This aggregation permits a consensus domain assignment to be computed. Comparison viewing of the consensus and choice methods provides the user with insights into the fundamental units of protein structure so important to the study of evolutionary and functional relationships.
Feasibility and effects of adapted cardiac rehabilitation after stroke: a prospective trial
Authors: Tang Ada , Marzolini Susan , Oh Paul , McIlroy William E , Brooks Dina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite the cardiovascular etiology of stroke, exercise and risk factor modification programs akin to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are not available. This study aimed to establish the feasibility of adapting a CR model for individuals with mild to moderate stroke disability. A secondary objective was to determine the program's effects on aerobic and walking capacity, and stroke risk factors.MethodsA repeated measures design was used with a 3-month baseline period and 6-month adapted CR intervention (n = 43, mean ± SD age 65 ± 12 years, 30 ± 28 months post stroke). Feasibility was determined by the number of participants who completed the study, occurrence of adverse events and frequency, duration and intensity of exercise performed. To determine effectiveness of the program, outcomes measured included aerobic capacity (VO2peak, ventilatory threshold), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance, and risk factors. Descriptive statistics characterized the classes attended and number and intensity of exercise sessions. Pairedt-tests, one-factor repeated measures analyses of variance contrasts and chi-square analyses were used to compare changes over time.ResultsTwo participants withdrew during the baseline period. Of the remaining 41 participants who commenced the program, 38 (93%) completed all aspects. No serious adverse effects occurred. Post-intervention, VO2peak improved relative to the stable baseline period (P= 0.046) and the increase in ventilatory threshold approached significance (P= 0.062).ConclusionsCR is feasible after stroke and may be adapted to accommodate for those with a range of post-stroke disability. It is effective in increasing aerobic capacity. CR may be an untapped opportunity for stroke survivors to access programs of exercise and risk factor modification to lower future event risk.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01067495
Effect of lubricant additives in rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Meheux M , Minfray C , Ville F , Mogne T L , Lubrecht A A , Martin J M , Lieurade H P , Thoquenne G 
Published: June 2010

Lubricant formulations for manual gear box applications are optimized for gear contacts although rolling element bearings are lubricated with the same fully formulated oil. This may cause fatigue-related damage to these bearings. Several explanations can be considered, but this work focuses on the effect of additives contained in the lubricant. Rolling contact fatigue tests were performed on a twin-disc machine. Artificial dents generated by a Rockwell penetrator were made on the faster surface in order to accelerate the fatigue phenomena. Then, pure rolling and 6.7 per cent slip (slide-to-roll ratio (SRR)) tests were performed with different lubricants (pure base oil, fully formulated oil, and base oil with detergent and anti-foam). Fatigue life results and spalling morphologies are compared. For the sample obtained with the fully formulated oil and 6.7 per cent of SRR, crack analysis was performed. Using focus-ion-beam technique, a spalled sample was milled to reveal a cross-section of a crack. Secondary electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analyses along the crack were performed. Additive elements are detected up to the crack tip. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling was also performed in the tribofilm generated on the disc surface. The role of additives in rolling contact fatigue is discussed in the light of these results.
Experiments on the pressure distribution and frictional torque in articulating pin joints
Authors: Zhu J , Pugh S , Dwyer-Joyce R S , Beke A , Cumner G , Ellaway T 
Published: June 2010

In its simplest form, aircraft landing gear consists of large structural members connected by pin joints that allow articulation, and hydraulic actuators for deployment. The design of these pin joints is critical to successful operation. In this article, the authors explore two related aspects of pin joint design: first the contact pressure distribution within the joint and second the frictional torque required to rotate the joint. The former is important in stress analysis and the latter in defining the required actuation force. The joint consists of a pin located within four bushes that are fixed into the structural member. Grease is fed into the bearing cavity. A purpose-built test rig was designed and built to hydraulically load and articulate a specimen pin within its bushes. A novel ultrasonic method was used to measure the contact pressure between the pin and bushes when the joint is subjected to a constant radial load. The method is based on recording the proportion of an ultrasonic pulse that reflects from the pin—bush contact. When there is no contact the pulse is fully reflected and when contact takes place the pulse is partially reflected. The proportion of the pulse reflected depends on the conformity of the surfaces and hence the contact pressure. The pressure profiles measured in this way were found to be approximately cosinusoidal, extending over an arc of±60° regardless of the radial load. The rotational torque and angular displacement were also measured during joint articulation cycles for a range of applied lateral pin loads. The results showed that articulation torques ranging from 20 to 150 kN m were required to rotate the pin as the lateral load was increased from 5 to 40 kN. An estimate of the friction coefficient between pin and bush can be obtained directly from this lateral load and torque data. However, an improved measurement, which includes the effect of the radial component of the lateral loading force, was obtained by combining the pressure distribution data with the torque data. Friction coefficients in the range 0.08–0.11 were deduced in this way and were found to increase slightly with load. This indicates that the joint operates in boundary-lubricated regime and that grease entrainment is an important factor.
Case Article—Bidding on Priceline
Authors: Anderson Chris K. , Wilson John G. , Zhang Gouren 
Published: June 2010

Priceline.com is an Internet-based corporation offering services (airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, and home mortgages) with the option for consumers to dictate prices. Priceline's original success stemmed from its innovative “name your price” approach whereby consumers bid for service with Priceline to find a willing provider at the bid price. Consumers are only allowed to bid once on a service so they must be strategic in bidding—bid too low and potentially lose out on service, bid too high and overpay for the service. While they are only allowed to bid once per product, bidders can slightly alter their service and potentially re-bid in an effort to get new information (from failed attempts)—such alterations may include a different class of hotel (3 star versus 4), a flight with 1 stop versus direct, or (as in the case below) a different class (economy versus luxury) of rental car. The case is designed to cover a broad range of topics while introducing students to auctions. The case teaches strategic bidding while covering probability, decision analysis, and integer programming. The case has had great success at the undergraduate and MBA levels as students enjoy the setting, are familiar with Priceline, and immediately see an everyday use of management science. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
An Alternative Model of the General Relativity Theory
Authors: Boltyanski V. G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We establish in the offered paper that a ‘displacement postulate’ for the light sphere allows to obtain a metric in four–dimensional space–time from which the well–known Schwarzschild's metric may be simply deduced (by passing to the locational time). Probably, displacement postulate is a description of a profound mechanism of an interaction between the particles and the gravitational field.
On Weakly Darboux Functions and Some Problem Connected with the Morrey Monotonicity
Authors: Pawlak H. , Pawlak R. J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In this paper we investigate relationships between the families of weakly Darboux, quasi-Darboux and Darboux functions which are quasi-continuous, and analyse the problem connected with the Morrey monotonicity of the restriction of a weakly Darboux function with the property (P) to the closure of the union of levels which are continua.
On Affine Selections of Set–Valued Functions
Authors: Wa̧sowicz S. Z. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The main result of this paper is the theorem stating that every convex set–valued function F : I ↦ c(Y), where I ⊂ R is an interval and Y is a locally convex space, possesses an affine selection. In the case if Y = R and values of F are closed real intervals we can replace the assumption of convexity of F by the more general condition.
Coinitial Families of Perfect Sets
Authors: Balcerzak M. , Roslanowski A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Let Perf(X) denote the family of all perfect subsets of a perfect Polish space X. We show several properties and characterizations of coinitial subfamilies of Perf(X). Connections with the Vietoris topology and Morgan's category bases are observed. We characterize the least cardinality of a family of coinitial ideals with noncoinitial intersection. Some examples of special noncoinitial families in Perf(X) are presented. Much place is devoted to perfect isomorphisms between ideals of subsets of X.
Fixed Point and Approximate Fixed Point Theorems for Non–Affine Maps
Authors: Gajek L. , Jachymski J. , Zagrodny D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Let C be a non–empty subset of a linear topological space X, and T be a selfmap of C such that the range of I – T is convex, where I denotes the identity map on X. We give conditions under which a map T has a fixed point or a V–fixed point (i.e. a point x
0 ∈ C such that Tx
0 ∈ X
0 + V, where V is a neighborhood of the origin). Our theorems generalize the recent results of M. Edelstein and K.-K. Tan ([Math. Japon. 38: 325–332, 1993], [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 181: 181–187, 1994]). As an application we provide a simple proof of the Markov–Kakutani theorem. We also establish a common V–fixed point theorem for commuting affine maps (possibly discontinuous).
A New Version of the Multivalued Fatou Lemma
Authors: Piccinini L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
H. Kudō introduced a notion of convergence of a sequence Bn
of sub-σ-fields. We emphasize a connection with Mosco-convergence of associated subspaces where E is a separable Banach space with separable dual. This enables us to study the convergence of conditional expectation sequences of random sets and therefore to obtain a new version of the multivalued Fatou lemma.
Higher–Order Necessary Optimality Conditions for a Nonsmooth Extremum Problem
Authors: Castellani M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
By extending the definition of Dini–Hadamard directional derivatives, higher–order necessary optimality conditions for a nonsmooth extremum problem are established, in the presence of both equality and inequality constraints. The presence of a regularity assumption for the inequality constraints strenghtens the optimality condition.
Determination of Surface Tension, Structural and Related Properties of Aquo-alcoholic Mixtures at 298 K
Authors: Bandyopadhyay G. , Dutta S. , Lahiri Sujit Chandra 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Systematic determination of the surface tension and surface excess values of aquo-organic mixtures (methanol + water, ethanol + water, isoprapanol + water, tertiary butanol + water and ethylene glycol + water) were made. Attempts were made to interpret the surface tension values of aquo-alcoholic mixtures in terms of structure of water and its interactions with alcohols, surface excess and excess surface tension values. Correlation of the structural properties of the solvent mixtures with surface excess and other related macroscopic properties were attempted.
First Glass Electrode and its Creators F. Haber and Z. Klemensiewicz – On 100th Anniversary
Authors: Marczewska Barbara , Marczewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe celebrate the 100thanniversary of the construction of the first glass electrode, by F. Haber and Z. Klemensiewicz. This electrode was firstly described in the journal Zeitschrift fur physikalische Chemie in 1909. In our paper we present the way how this invention was created.
Single Flap Approach With and Without Guided Tissue Regeneration and a Hydroxyapatite Biomaterial in the Management of Intraosseous Periodontal Defects
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Simonelli Anna , Pramstraller Mattia , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Farina Roberto 
Published: June 2010

Background: The single flap approach (SFA) is a minimally invasive procedure designed for periodontal reconstructive procedures of intraosseous periodontal defects characterized by a dominant unilateral, buccal or oral, extension. This study evaluates the adjunctive effect of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with a hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterial in the management of intraosseous periodontal defects accessed with SFA compared to SFA alone.Methods: Twenty‐four intraosseous defects (in 24 patients) were randomly allocated to treatment with SFA or SFA + HA/GTR. Clinical outcomes were assessed 6 months post‐surgery.Results: Five sites in the SFA + HA/GTR group showed incomplete closure at week 2, which resolved spontaneously. There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in mean (±SD) clinical attachment gain (4.7 ± 2.5 versus 4.4 ± 1.5 mm), probing depth reduction (5.3 ± 2.4 versus 5.3 ± 1.5 mm), and gingival recession increase (0.4 ± 1.4 versus 0.8 ± 0.8 mm) between the SFA + HA/GTR and SFA groups.Conclusions: SFA with and without HA/GTR seems to be a valuable minimally invasive approach in the treatment of deep intraosseous periodontal defects. Under the present experimental conditions, the additional HA/GTR protocol offers no significant adjunctive effect.