bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Small Bowel Resection with Sleeve Gastrectomy Increases Adiponectin Levels and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Rodents with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kopsombut Gift , Shoulson Rivka , Milone Luca , Korner Judith , Lifante Jean‐Christophe , Sebastian Manu , Inabnet William B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of small bowel resection with and without sleeve gastrectomy on glucose homeostasis in an obese rodent model of type 2 diabetes.MethodsZucker diabetic fatty rats were randomized into three surgical groups: Sham, small bowel resection, and small bowel resection with sleeve gastrectomy (BRSG). Weight and fasting glucose levels were measured at randomization and monitored after surgery. Oral glucose tolerance testing was performed at baseline and 45 days after surgery to assess glucose homeostasis and peptide changes.ResultsAt baseline, all animals exhibited impaired glucose tolerance and showed no difference in weight or fasting (area under the curve) AUCglucose. At sacrifice, Sham animals weighed more than BRSG animals (p = 0.047). At day 45, the Sham group experienced a significant increase in AUCglucose compared to baseline (p = 0.02), whereas there was no difference in AUCglucose in either surgical group at any time point: BR (p = 0.58) and BRSG (p = 0.56). Single‐factor ANOVA showed a significant difference in AUCglucose of p = 0.004 between groups postoperatively: Sham (50,745 ± 11,170) versus BR (23,865 ± 432.6) (p = 0.01); Sham versus BRSG (28,710 ± 3188.8) (p = 0.02). There was no difference in plasma insulin, GLP‐1, or adiponectin levels before surgery, although 45 days following surgery adiponectin levels where higher in the BRSG group (p = 0.004).ConclusionsPartial small bowel resection improved glucose tolerance independent of weight. The combination of small bowel resection and sleeve gastrectomy leads to an increase in adiponectin levels, which may contribute to improved glucose homeostasis.
The effect of dense understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa senanensis) on soil respiration before and after clearcutting of cool temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest
Authors: Yashiro Yuichiro , Shizu Yoko , Adachi Tatsuharu , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki , Lee Na‐yeon , Iimura Yasuo , Koizumi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa senanensis) on soil respiration in forest ecosystems, we compared soil respiration rates between four deciduous broad‐leaved forest sites representing two levels of understory Sasa (with and without) and two levels of forest stand age (50‐year‐old stand and 1‐year‐old stand after clearcut). The understory Sasa enhances the soil respiration rate both before and after the clearcutting of deciduous broad‐leaved forest. The Sasa sites had larger total belowground biomass compared with the non‐Sasa sites, which could be attributed to Sasa presence. Our results also suggest that clearcutting decreases temperature‐normalized soil respiration rates (R15) and temperature sensitivity (Q10) in both Sasa and non‐Sasa ecosystems. Clearcutting significantly reduced the fine root biomass of trees and Sasa. The fine roots of trees and Sasa had high specific respiration rates compared with larger roots and rhizomes at Sasa and non‐Sasa sites, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesize that the loss of fine roots after clearcutting is responsible for the reduction in soil respiration rate. A comparison with other studies revealed a positive linear relationship between total (tree and Sasa) fine root biomass and R15, suggesting that fine root biomass controls soil respiration at the landscape scale. The Q10 value is also likely to be related to fine root biomass, although the relationship was not significant. We conclude that understory Sasa increases belowground biomass, especially fine roots, and the spatial variation in soil respiration at the landscape scale.
Spatial and temporal flowering patterns of the monocarpic dwarf bamboo Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta
Authors: Abe Yuhei , Shibata Shozo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn order to clarify spatial and temporal patterns in the flowering process of S. veitchii var. hirsuta, the authors investigated the flowering of the species at a regional level in a mountainous area of Kyoto City, and at population/individual culm levels at experimental forest stations within the same municipal region. S. veitchii var. hirsuta flowered in several separate areas spanning ranges between several and more than 10 km north–south and east–west from 2004 to 2007. Sporadic flowering occurred the year before mass flowering. In the mass‐flowering year, 98% of the culms in an S. veitchii var. hirsuta population flowered, and the other 2% or so flowered in the years before and after mass flowering. These results show a spatiotemporal synchronous flowering pattern (with most culms of populations gregariously flowering in a year over a large area) and an asynchronous flowering pattern (with a small percentage of the culms of populations flowering before and after the mass‐flowering year) for S. veitchii var. hirsuta. It was also clarified that the year and scale of mass flowering differ by area, and that mass flowering occurs in individual areas in successive years. The survey performed at the individual culm level revealed that the mean numbers of open florets and attached seeds per culm showed two peaks from April to July, suggesting that S. veitchii var. hirsuta flowering events occur twice a year.
A New Heterogeneous Multidimensional Unfolding Procedure
Authors: Park Joonwook , Rajagopal Priyali , DeSarbo Wayne S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA variety of joint space multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods have been utilized for the spatial analysis of two- or three-way dominance data involving subjects’ preferences, choices, considerations, intentions, etc. so as to provide a parsimonious spatial depiction of the underlying relevant dimensions, attributes, stimuli, and/or subjects’ utility structures in the same joint space representation. We demonstrate that care must be taken with respect to a key assumption in existent joint space MDS models such that all estimated dimensions are utilized by each and every subject in the sample, as this assumption can lead to serious distortions with respect to the derived joint spaces. We develop a new Bayesian dimension selection methodology for the multidimensional unfolding model which accommodates heterogeneity with respect to such dimensional utilization at the individual subject level for the analysis of two or three-way dominance data. A consumer psychology application regarding the preference for Over-the-Counter (OTC) analgesics is provided. We conclude by discussing the practical implications of the results, as well as directions for future research.
Global gray matter changes in posterior cortical atrophy: A serial imaging study
Authors: Lehmann Manja , Barnes Josephine , Ridgway Gerard R. , Ryan Natalie S. , Warrington Elizabeth K. , Crutch Sebastian J. , Fox Nick C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundPosterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative condition predominantly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Cross‐sectional imaging studies have shown different atrophy patterns in PCA patients compared with typical amnestic Alzheimer's disease (tAD) patients, with greatest atrophy commonly found in posterior regions in the PCA group, whereas in the tAD group, atrophy is most prominent in medial temporal lobe regions. However, differential longitudinal atrophy patterns are not well understood.MethodsThis study assessed longitudinal changes in brain and gray matter volumes in 17 PCA patients, 16 tAD patients, and 18 healthy control subjects. Both patient groups had symptom durations of approximately 5 years.ResultsProgressive gray matter losses in both PCA and tAD patients were relatively widespread throughout the cortex, compared with control subjects, and were not confined to areas related to initial symptomatology. A multivariate classification analysis revealed a statistically significant group separation between PCA and tAD patients, with 72.7% accuracy (P < .01).ConclusionProgression from an initially focal presentation to a more global pattern suggests that these different clinical presentations of AD might converge pathologically over time.
Evolution of the central Alpine-Himalayan belt in the Late Cenozoic
Authors: Trifonov V.G. , Ivanova T.P. , Bachmanov D.M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Late Cenozoic geodynamics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt comprised the collision between continental-lithosphere plates and blocks and the effect of the Neo-Tethyan active residual asthenosphere, which reached the northern margin of the belt after the ocean had closed. From the late Eocene to the early Pliocene, strong deformation, lateral migrations of flaked plates, metamorphism, and magmatism (they all consolidated the crust) took place in the lithosphere with the participation of mobile asthenospheric components. In the Pliocene–Quaternary, the asthenosphere beneath the consolidated crust partly replaced the dense mantle lithosphere with remaining paleoocean mafic rocks, which subducted into the mantle. Phase transformations and deformations in the subducting metamafic slabs caused mantle earthquakes. The less compact metamafic rocks experienced metamorphic weakening under the effect of the asthenosphere and incorporated into the Earth’s crust. The upper-mantle and lower-crust weakening led to a drastic intensification of uplifting and the formation of mountain ranges. Recent volcanism is also attributed to the activity of the Neo-Tethyan asthenosphere.
Djerfisherite in xenoliths of sheared peridotite in the Udachnaya-East pipe (Yakutia): origin and relationship with kimberlitic magmatism
Authors: Sharygin I.S. , Golovin A.V. , Pokhilenko N.P. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Djerfisherite, a Cl-bearing potassium sulfide (K6Na(Fe,Ni,Cu)24S26Cl), is a widespread accessory mineral in kimberlite-hosted mantle xenoliths. Nevertheless, the origin of this sulfide in nodules remains disputable. It is usually attributed to the replacement of primary Fe–Ni–Cu sulfides when xenoliths interact with a K-and Cl-enriched hypothetical melt/fluid. The paper is devoted to a detailed study of the composition and morphology of djerfisherite from a representative collection (22 samples) of the deepest mantle xenoliths—sheared garnet peridotite, taken from the Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe (Yakutia). Four types of djerfisherite were distinguished in the mantle rocks on the basis of morphology, spatial distribution, and relationships with the rock-forming and accessory minerals in the nodules. Type 1 was found in the rims of polysulfide inclusions in the rock-forming minerals of the xenoliths; there, it was younger than the primary sulfide assemblage pyrrhotite + pentlandite ± chalcopyrite. Type 2 formed rims around large polysulfide segregations (pyrrhotite+ pentlandite) in the xenolith interstices. Type 3 formed individual grains in the xenolith interstices together with other sulfides, silicates, oxides, phosphates, and carbonates. Type 4 was present as a daughter phase in the secondary melt inclusions which occurred in healed cracks in the rock-forming minerals of the xenoliths. Along with djerfisherite, the inclusions contained silicates, oxides, phosphates, carbonates, alkaline sulfates, chlorides, and sulfides. The results indicate that djerfisherite from the xenoliths is consanguine with kimberlite. Djerfisherite both in the sheared-peridotite xenoliths from the Udachnaya-East pipe and in different xenoliths from other kimberlite pipes worldwide formed owing to the interaction between the nodules and kimberlitic melts. Djerfisherite forming individual grains in the melt inclusions and xenolith interstices crystallized directly from the infiltrating kimberlitic melt. Djerfisherite bounding the primary Fe–Ni ± Cu sulfides formed by their replacement as a result of a reaction with the kimberlitic melt.
The geochemistry and isotopic age of eclogites from the Belomorian Belt (Kola Peninsula): evidence for subducted Archean oceanic crust
Authors: Shchipansky A.A. , Khodorevskaya L.I. , Slabunov A.I. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We present results of geochemical studies and isotope dating of eclogites and associated rocks from the Kuru-Vaara quarry, Belomorian Belt, Northeastern Baltic Shield. The southern and northern eclogites are similar in geochemical features. Their protoliths were primitive, mainly high-Mg basalts of oceanic affinity derived from a primitive mantle source rather than from a depleted mantle source characteristic of modern MORB. The post-eclogitic intrusive rocks show obvious evidence for crustal contamination. The eclogite-hosting tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses form a coherent series including high-Al and low-Al varieties. The trace element data show that the TTG series formed through the hydrous partial melting of the southern eclogites in the presence of garnet and amphibole in the field of the rutile stability (&gt;15 kbar). Zircons from the southern eclogites exhibit features of their strong re-equilibration by coupled dissolution–reprecipitation processes but have locally preserved patches with a primary magmatic zoning. The geochemistry of the patches points to the oceanic provenance of protolithic zircons; their isotope dating (SHRIMP-II) yielded a concordant age of 2821 ± 21 Ma. Zircons from the trondhjemite gneiss with geochemical features of Archean adakite were dated at 2805 ± 11 Ma, which suggests the syneclogitic facies origin of the TTG melts. The concordant age of high-pressure zircons from the northern eclogites is 2722 ± 21 Ma, close to the age of the earlier described Gridino eclogites. The overview of the isotopically dated eclogite bodies show the presence of at least three temporally distinct groups of eclogites in the Belomorian Belt, ∼2.86–2.87, ∼2.82–2.80, and ∼2.72 Ga, which is in a good accordance with the known isotopic ages for major crust-forming events in the belt. This, in turn, implies a close genetic relationship between the eclogites and the TTG origin, which might be consistent with the model of the short intermitted events of subduction of the thickened Archean oceanic crust. The presence of HP/UHP eclogites of different ages and the structural style of the Belomorian Belt permit it to be assigned to megamélange belts.
The impact of technogenic factors on the seismicity of the Kuznetsk Basin region and Lake Baikal
Authors: Bryksin A.A. , Seleznev V.S. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Using the materials from the catalogue of seismic events in the Siberian region, we estimated the impact of man’s activity on natural seismicity. Local man’s intervention into natural processes has been studied by the examples of commercial explosions during the quarry mineral mining in the Kuznetsk Basin and the exploitation of the railroad site along the shore of Lake Baikal. Seismic emission is shown to change with time under the impact of powerful monochromatic vibrators on the environment.
On the nature of temperature variations in borehole kun-1 (Kunashir Island)
Authors: Demezhko D.Yu. , Yurkov A.K. , Utkin V.I. , Klimshin A.V. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The study presents the result of continuous temperature monitoring in a 300 m deep borehole located on the Pacific coast of the Kunashir Island. Temperature variations at of 20–240 m depths with periods from a few tens of minutes to a few tens of days and amplitudes in the order of thousandths to tenths of degree are found to result from three main causes: tidal variations of groundwater level in the borehole, natural convection in the borehole, and nonperiodic and spatially heterogeneous changes of the pore pressure resulting in the appearance of an anomalous subsurface fluid regime and generating crossflow between the different aquifers through the annular space. Joint analysis of temperature and seismic data revealed that shallow-focus (up to 30 km) earthquakes with M &gt; 5 occurred southeast of the seismic station created more expressed temperature response at 240 m depth. This response has the form of a 0.05–0.3 K temperature drop, which precedes a seismic event within a period of a few hours to a few days. Tidal analysis of borehole temperature measurements can be used to calculate the strain sensitivity and the method of borehole temperature monitoring can be used to investigate the tectonic regime of the Earth’s crust.
All bent out of shape: buckling of sheared fluid layers
Authors: Ribe Neil M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBuckling instabilities of thin sheets or plates of viscous fluid occur in situations ranging from food and polymer processing to geology. Slim, Teichman & Mahadevan (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 694, 2012, pp. 5–28) study numerically the buckling of a sheared viscous plate floating on a denser fluid using three approaches: a classical ‘thin viscous plate’ model; full numerical solution of the three-dimensional Stokes equations; and a novel ‘advection-augmented’ thin-plate model that accounts (in an asymptotically inconsistent way) for the advection of perturbations by the background shear flow. The advection-augmented thin-plate model is markedly superior to the classical one in its ability to reproduce the predictions of the Stokes solution, illustrating the utility of judicious violations of asymptotic consistency in fluid-mechanical models.
Anthropology, standardization and measurement: Rudolf Martin and anthropometric photography
Authors: MORRIS-REICH AMOS 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecent scholarship on the history of German anthropology has tended to describe its trajectory between 1900 and the Nazi period as characterized by a paradigmatic shift from the liberal to the anti-humanistic. This article reconstructs key moments in the history of anthropometric photography between 1900 and 1925, paying particular attention to the role of the influential liberal anthropologist Rudolf Martin (1864–1925) in the standardization of anthropological method and technique. It is shown that Rudolf Martin's primary significance was social and institutional. The article reconstructs key stages in Martin's writing on and uses of photography and analyses the peculiar form of scientific debate surrounding the development of anthropometric photography, which centred on local and practical questions. Against the political backdrop of German colonialism in Africa and studies of prisoners of war during the First World War, two key tensions in this history surface: between anthropological method and its politicization, and between the international scientific ethos and nationalist impulses. By adopting a practical–epistemic perspective, the article also destabilizes the conventional differentiation between the German liberal and anti-humanist anthropological traditions. Finally, the article suggests that there is a certain historical irony in the fact that the liberal Martin was central in the process that endowed physical anthropology with prestige precisely in the period when major parts of German society increasingly came to view ‘race’ as offering powerful, scientific answers to social and political questions.
On the convergence of Diophantine Dirichlet series
Authors: Rivoal T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study various Dirichlet series of the form ∑n≥1f(πnα)/ns, where α is an irrational number andf(x)is a trigonometric function like cot(x), 1/sin(x) or 1/sin2(x). The convergence is slow and strongly depends on the Diophantine properties of α. We provide necessary and sufficient convergence conditions using the continued fraction of α. We also show that any one of our series is equal to a related series, which converges much faster, defined in term of iterations of the continued fraction operator α↦{1/α}.
Exploring endocrine regulation of sea urchin reproductive biology: effects of 17ß-oestradiol
Authors: Sugni Michela , Motta Daphne , Tremolada Paolo , Candia Carnevali Maria Daniela 
Published: February 2012

Although several authors have suggested a plausible involvement of steroids in the reproductive biology of echinoderms, their definitive role is still poorly understood. In this paper we focused on oestradiol (E2), whose presence and variations were previously revealed in different echinoderm tissues. The aim of this investigation was to provide further information on the scarcely known role of this hormone in the reproductive biology of sea urchins. We injected two different concentrations (5 ng ml−1and 50 ng ml−1) of 17ß-oestradiol into specimens of the commonParacentrotus lividusfor 10 weeks. The E2treatment did not influence the maturation stage of the gonads and the development of the gametes; it caused a slight decrease in the gonad index and an increase in lipid content. Our present results suggest that E2could have a function different from that reported for vertebrates and suggested for other echinoderms such as asteroids.
The infrapopulation dynamics of trypanosomes in red-spotted newts
Authors: Mock Beverly A. , Gill P. E. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma diemyctyli has a life-cycle that involves a vertebrate host, the red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens, and an invertebrate host, the amphibian leech Batrachobdella picta. A study of the distribution and dynamics of this parasite in newts of known adult age and history of breeding in montane ponds in Virginia revealed a pattern of: (1) moderate prevalences of infection in post-metamorphic juvenile and adult stages, (2) rapid increases in numbers of trypanosomes in newts during their first year of maturity, (3) significant differences in the numbers of trypanosomes in male and female newts in mid-summer, (4) sustained high levels of infection in the first two years of newt adulthood, (5) significantly lower levels of infection in newts by the fourth and subsequent years of adulthood and (6) annual oscillations in the intensity of infection in older adult newts from spring and autumn lows to mid-summer peak levels. Newts with a history of skipping breeding seasons had higher levels of infection than those newts which returned to the pond for every breeding season. Newts brought to the laboratory and maintained under leech-free conditions failed to develop infection levels comparable to those in the field. The dynamics of infrapopulation sizes of trypanosomes in newts depend on multi plication rates of the trypanosomes, variable transmission rates from the invertebrate host and the development of resistance in older adult newts.