bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LettingEscherichia coliTeach Me About Genome Engineering
Authors: Shapiro James A 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA career of following unplanned observations has serendipitously led to a deep appreciation of the capacity that bacterial cells have for restructuring their genomes in a biologically responsive manner. Routine characterization of spontaneous mutations in the gal operon guided the discovery that bacteria transpose DNA segments into new genome sites. A failed project to fuse λ sequences to a lacZ reporter ultimately made it possible to demonstrate how readily Escherichia coli generated rearrangements necessary for in vivo cloning of chromosomal fragments into phage genomes. Thinking about the molecular mechanism of IS1 and phage Mu transposition unexpectedly clarified how transposable elements mediate large-scale rearrangements of the bacterial genome. Following up on lab lore about long delays needed to obtain Mu-mediated lacZ protein fusions revealed a striking connection between physiological stress and activation of DNA rearrangement functions. Examining the fate of Mudlac DNA in sectored colonies showed that these same functions are subject to developmental control, like controlling elements in maize. All these experiences confirmed Barbara McClintock's view that cells frequently respond to stimuli by restructuring their genomes and provided novel insights into the natural genetic engineering processes involved in evolution.
Bruising Characteristics Discriminating Physical Child Abuse From Accidental Trauma
Authors: Pierce Mary Clyde , Kaczor Kim , Aldridge Sara , O'Flynn Justine , Lorenz Douglas J. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to conduct a pilot study to identify discriminating bruising characteristics and to model those findings into a decision tool for screening children at high risk for abuse.METHODS: A case-control study of children 0 to 48 months of age who were admitted to a PICU because of trauma was performed. Case subjects (N = 42) were victims of physical abuse, and control subjects (N = 53) were children admitted because of accidental trauma during the same time period. Bruising characteristics (total number and body region) and patient age were compared for children with abusive versus accidental trauma. The development of a decision rule for predicting abusive trauma was accomplished with the fitting of a classification and regression tree through binary recursive partitioning.RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were studied. Seventy-one (33 of 42 patients in the abuse group and 38 of 53 in the accident group) were found to have bruising, and the characteristics were modeled. Characteristics predictive of abuse were bruising on the torso, ear, or neck for a child ≤4 years of age and bruising in any region for an infant &lt;4 months of age. A bruising clinical decision rule was derived, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 84% for predicting abuse.CONCLUSIONS: Discriminating differences exist in bruising characteristics for abusive versus accidental trauma. The body region- and age-based bruising clinical decision rule model functions as a clinically sensible screening tool to identify young children who require further evaluation for abuse.
Effects of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary
Authors: Pinke Gyula , Pál Robert , Botta-Dukát Zoltán 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Multivariate analysis of data obtained from 184 cereal and stubble fields in low-input agricultural systems located in western Hungary was undertaken in order to asses environmental factors affecting weed species composition. For each variable, the gross and net effect on weed species composition was calculated. All variables considered in this study had a significant effect on weed species composition and explained 26.99% of the total variation. Most variation in species composition was explained by the aspect (cereal vs. stubble), followed by soil pH, mean annual precipitation, soil texture, mean annual temperature, and altitude. Separating the cereals and stubbles soil pH became the most important factor. Our results suggest that during the long vegetation period, cereal weed communities dominated by winter annuals are replaced by stubble-field weed communities dominated by summer annuals. This seasonal change may also have the same important effect on weed species composition as crop types.
Test and evaluation of reference-based nonuniformity correction methods for microbolometer infrared detectors
Authors: Orżanowski T. , Madura H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the paper, reference-based nonuniformity correction methods for microbolometer infrared detectors are discussed and tested. In order to evaluate their effectiveness, a complete readout circuit for amorphous silicon microbolometer focal plane array has been designed. The tests were carried out on a developed stand including several extended blackbodies. Some modification of standard two-point correction algorithm incorporating detectors response at external shutter to compensate offset drift is also proposed. The obtained results are presented.
Microbodies in Tissue Cultures from Human Cervical Carcinomas
Authors: Kurz Laura 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Tissue from 35 patients with invasive squamouscell cancer of the cervix uteri at different clinical stages was transplanted intraperitoneally, in 300 diffusion chambers into 300 castrated and non‐castrated female rats.The chambers were removed within 10 days. The contents of the chambers were fixed in 5% formalin and subjected to the usual methods of histological preparation, with staining by haematoxylin‐eosin. Filters with tissue cultures were fixed in 95% ethanol and then stained with haematoxylin‐eosin.The cultures were found to contain growth of epithelial and stroma elements. The epithelial proliferation was found to be increased in the neighbourhood of the fibroblasts. The rate of proliferation did not depend on the clinical stage of the cancer.Microbodies or blebs were found around the cell nucleus in varying numbers. The greatest number was found in cancer from clinically advanced cases. The nature of these microbodies has not been clarified, but they are in the course of being investigated.
Threatened and Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Johannsen A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A survey has been made of the case histories of 271 patients admitted to hospital because of threatened abortion and 436 patients admitted because of spontaneous abortion. The object of the study was to find some factor in the history that could explain why a number of patients are admitted to hospital at a time when abortion threatens and others at a time when the abortion is in process, as judged by the initial diagnosis.It was found that patients with threatened abortion were hospitalized earlier in pregnancy than patients with spontaneous abortion. In addition it was seen that admission because of threatened abortion was most frequent among younger patients (below 30 years of age), among primigravidae and among patients from the upper social groups, while admission because of spontaneous abortion was most frequent among the older patients (above 35 years of age), multigravidae, unmarried women, patients that had a previous legal abortion and, finally, among patients from the lowest social groups. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.It is concluded that a number of abortions could possibly be avoided if patients with symptoms of abortion were admitted to hospital for effective treatment as early as possible after the symptoms became manifest.
Prognostic Value of Quantitative Determination of Rhesus Antibody (Anti‐D) In Maternal Serum and Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Jørgensen Jan , Rebbe Heinrich 
Published: December 2009

Quantitative determinations of anti‐D in sera and amniotic fluids were performed simultaneously in 63 pregnant Rh‐immunized women with Rh‐positive foetuses. It was demonstrated that the ratio of serum antibody to amniotic fluid antibody as a rule is the same.A quantitative analysis of the serum antibody enabled us to identify the foetuses with good prognoses. For ths remaining cases, it was possible to distinguish between moderate to severe cases and very severe cases of erythroblastosis by determining also the concentration or titre of amniotic fluid antibody. Where specimens were taken less than a fortnight before birth, the titre values alone made it possible to prognosticate correctly in 80% cases. Correlation of amniotic fluid antibody and bilirubin levels led to correct prognoses in 92% of the cases.With this background a plan for the control of pregnant Rh‐immunized women is suggested.
Studies on Fibrinolytic Inhibitors During Pregnancy
Authors: Hedner Ulla , Astedt Birger 
Published: December 2009

Individual fibrinolytic inhibitors (α2‐macroglobulin, antiplasmin, plasminogen activation inhibitors), their relative values and the variation of such values as well as that of plasminogen were measured in 120 women during normal pregnancy (40 in each trimester).α2‐macroglobulin and antiplasmin were increased throughout pregnancy. The inhibitors of plasminogen activation were determined by means of both a clot method and a caseinolytic method. The level remained largely unchanged during pregnancy. These findings were confirmed by the results obtained after gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200 of sera from 25 pregnant women. The level of plasminogen was found to be high during the whole of pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the reduced fibrinolytic activity during pregnancy is due to a decreased production and/or a defective release of plasminogen activators from the vessel walls.
Feto‐Maternal Transfusion and Free Bleeding from the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Johansen J. Kjersgaard , Schacke E. , Stürup A. G. 
Published: December 2009

The incidence of feto‐maternal transfusion in 200 normal women was determined from blood samples taken when labour had become established, with contractions occurring approximately every 5 minutes, and again 30 minutes after delivery.In 90 instances, after cessation of umbilical artery pulsation, the umbilical cord was ligated and cut, allowing free flow from the placenta. In the remaining 110 instances the cord was cut between two pairs of forceps.No difference in feto‐maternal transfusion in the two groups could be demonstrated.
Utero‐Vaginal Differential Pressure During the First Stage of Labour
Authors: Westin Björn , Söderberg Göran 
Published: December 2009

Intra‐abdominal (vesical), intra‐uterine and intra‐vaginal pressures were measured in 12 healthy women early in the first stage of labour. Ten subjects were primigravidae and two gravidae‐2.Seven subjects exhibited no significant change of intraabdominal or intra‐vaginal pressures during uterine contractions.Five subjects (4 primigravidae) exhibited no significant change of intra‐abdominal pressure but a large and significant increase of intra‐vaginal pressure concomitant with uterine contractions. In spite of having higher intrauterine peak pressures during contractions, these subjects exhibited significantly smaller expulsive uterine pressures than the former group because of high vaginal counterpressures. It is believed that increased tension of pelvic floor muscles contributes to the elevated vaginal pressure during contraction.Our findings may offer a better understanding of why pain relief in selected patients will aid in accelerating labour and make the birth process less hazardous for the fetus.
Experience of the Use of Desamino‐Oxytocin Buccal Tablets as a Method of Inducing Labour, and of a Scoring System for Evaluation of Readiness for Labour
Authors: Laine Jarno 
Published: December 2009

Induction of labour was performed on 259 parturients by means of desamino‐oxytocin (ODA 914) buccal tablets. The maximal dose was small (350 I.U.). Primary induction was successful in 64% of the cases. The incidence of maternal complications was small.Neonatal asphyxia was diagnosed in 12 newborn in‐fants (4.6%). Asphyxia was more common in those cases in which toxaemia was the indication for induction. Intra partum and neonatal mortality were nil.An endeavour was made to predict the success of in‐duction by using a scoring system for evaluation of readiness for labour. The experience gained suggests that a scoring table of this kind may, when amplified and refined, be useful in deciding the best time for the performance of induction.
The Course and Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Neuroses
Authors: Bahna Sami L. , Bjerkedal Tor 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Data derived from the medical registration of births in Norway during 1967 and 1968 have been utilized in a study of the course and outcome of 388 pregnancies in women reporting to suffer from conditions classifiable as neuroses. Comparison is made with 112 530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease.It is found that women with neuroses more often experience pregnancy complications, labour difficulties and premature labour, and that their babies have a higher mortality and a higher frequency of congenital malformation, low birth weight and hypoxia.The findings suggest that comprehensive care, both psychiatric and obstetric, is needed to lower the risk in these women and their infants.
Malignant and Pseudomalignant Hyperplasia Adenomatosa of the Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Oestrogen
Authors: Østergaard Erling 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Malignant and Pseudomalignant Hyperplasia of the Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women treated with Oestrogens.In a two year period 81 patients were admitted because of metrorrhagia related to postmenopausel oestrogen treatment. Diagnostic curettage disclosed various degree of oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium from slightly proliferative to cyclic glandular hyperplasia, which was observed in no less than 29 cases.The causal treatment was in the majority of cases repeated injections of oestradiolbenzoate or continuous intake of oestrogen tablets.In 5 cases the histological diagnosis was endometrial hyperplasia suspect for malignancy. After a period of observation of 6 weeks without oestrogens a new curettage was done. in 3 of the cases the diagnosis of malignant hyperplasia was maintained and a subsequent hysterectomy substantiaited the diagnose of endometrial carcinoma. in 2 cases an atrophic climacteric pattern of the endometrium was found at the second curettage. These pseudomalignant cases have been followed now for up to three years without any signs of uterine malignancy.Two malignant cases and one pseudomalignant case are reported in detail with the relevant microphotos. It is not possible morphologically to discriminate malignant from pseudomalignant hyperplasia. a period of observation without oestrogens before the final diagnostic curettage is necessary for this differential diagnosis.
Plasma Progesterone Levels in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancies
Authors: Lindberg Bo S. , Nilsson Bo A. , Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma progesterone levels were estimated by competitive protein binding in 815 samples from healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies. This series includes 32 patients who were followed serially throughout pregnancy. The mean level increased from 47 ng/ml in week 22 to 148 ng/ml in week 41. The spread was large. Individual patients showed very large variations between two consecutive weeks.Diurnal variations were examined in 7 patients and short‐time variations during one hour in 5 patients. Large but non‐systematic variations were found in most cases. The maximal difference between values observed over a 24‐hour‐period was 123 ng/ml and during one hour 150 ng/ml.Plasma progesterone levels were studied in 87 cases of toxemia of pregnancy, 6 cases of hypertension, 54 cases of Rh‐immunization, 37 cases of diabetes and 5 cases of fetal growth retardation of unknown origin. The results indicate that no constant changes occur in plasma progesterone levels in these groups or in cases of impending fetal death.As the normal limits are very wide, the intraindividual variations large, and the progesterone values in high risk pregnancies are inconclusive, plasma progesterone estimates during the latter part of pregnancy seem to be of limited value.During human pregnancy large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta (1, 14). The production rate during the third trimester lies between 200 and 300 mg/day (9). Part of the progesterone produced is metabolized to pregnanediol and excreted in the urine as the 3‐glucuronidate (16). The percentage of conversion to pregnanediol seems to vary with the stage of gestation and is influenced by pathological alterations in risk pregnancies (2, 5).Large day to day variations in the urinary pregnanediol levels have been found. It is thus hardly surprising that the clinical value of serial determinations of urinary pregnanediol in late pregnancy has been limited.Recently useful methods for the assay of progesterone in plasma have been developed and applied to physiological and clinical studies. A number of reports dealing with the prognostic value of progesterone determinations in complicated pregnancies have been published (8, 12, 17). The number of cases investigated is, however, small and the results are, in many respects, inconclusive. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the normal limits during the latter half of uncomplicated pregnancies, circadian and short‐time variations, and to evaluate the prognostic value of progesterone determinations in plasma in high risk pregnancies.
A Study of Seasonal and Secular Trends in Incidence of Stillbirths and Spontaneous Abortions in Sweden
Authors: Sandahl Björn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An investigation was made of secular and seasonal trends in two aspects of reproductive failure: stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. The study of stillbirths during 1965 to 1971 is based on official statistics for the whole of Sweden, representing a total of 3 371 stillbirths among 445 343 births. The date of last menstrual period (LMP) was estimated for the main material from data obtained from a smaller series of 181 stillborn infants in Malmö. Spontaneous abortion was studied in the population of Malmö during 1969 to 1971. The yearly number shows a decrease from 369 in 1969 to 330 in 1971. The trend towards performing legal termination of pregnancies at earlier gestation periods means that more terminations are being performed on patients who might subsequently have aborted spontaneously.After correcting for this the number of spontaneous abortions was constant: in 1969 389, in 1970 391, and in 1971 390. The total number of pregnancies in Malmö was 3 345, 3 511 and 3 360, respectively. Incidence of stillbirth and spontaneous abortion was determined, according to month of LPM.A decrease in stillbirth rate was observed after 1967, particularly in the high maternal age groups (over 35 years). A seasonal rhythm was noticed with a high stillbirth rate among pregnancies with maternal LMP around March and a low rate in women with their LMP during the summer. A high stillbirth rate is correlated with a low pregnancy rate. Spontaneous abortions show a different pattern‐with a high rate of spontaneous abortion among pregnancies in women with their LMP around June or at the end of the year. There is apparently no correlation between the seasonal changes in stillbirths and spontaneous abortions.
IRON ABSORPTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY‐A STUDY OF THE ABSORPTION OF NON‐HAEME IRON AND FERROUS IRON IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The absorption of non‐haeme iron in the food and from a 3 mg reference dose of ferrous iron in solution was measured in 17 healthy women before the 12th week of gestation and in 13 of the women two months after legal abortion.The absorption of ferrous iron in solution was calculated from determinations of the55Fe activity in blood samples. The food iron absorption was measured from59Fe‐labelled test meals using a highly sensitive whole‐body counter. In addition bone‐marrow smears and other haematological parameters were studied.The median value of the absorption from the non‐haeme food iron was 2.5 % and from the ferrous iron salt 10.0 % in early pregnancy in women with storage iron. Two months after abortion the absorption increased to 12.6 and 42.6 % respectively. In early pregnancy the absorption of iron was higher in women without stainable iron in bone‐marrow smears. The present results confirm previous observations that the absorption of food iron in early pregnancy is lower than the basal daily requirements. The low absorption is only partly explained by the reduced requirements of iron in early pregnancy. Some other factors related to pregnancy seem also to be involved.
Paracervical Block in Obstetrics. an Improved Injection Method: A Clinical and Radiological Study
Authors: Jägerhorn Magnus 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In the present study, an attempt was made to illustrate radiologically the absorption of the anaesthetic preparation after injection for paracervical block (PCB). The study is based on a series consisting of 20 women who were admitted for legal abortion in the 14th to 19th week of pregnancy. The mixture of contrast medium and anaesthetic was injected at various sites and at various depths in order to study the absorption from the paracervical space during pregnancy. The experiences gained were used as a basis for an improved injection technique. The importance of the injection depth of no more than 3 mm was particularly emphasized. This means that the anaesthetic preparation should always be deposited paracervically just below the epithelium. From here, a slow diffusion of the anaesthetic preparation into the loose intervascular connective tissue occurs instead of, with deeper injections, being deposited directly into the venous plexus of the paracervical tissue, where the risk of intravascular injection is extremely great. At the same time, when the correct technique is used, the risk of depositing the anaesthetic preparation in the lower uterine segment the fetal presenting part, or the nervous plexus of the pelvic wall is avoided. Some other practical aspects are discussed.The improved injection technique has also been used for a personal series of consecutive deliveries, over a 6‐month period including 134 patients who were given a total of 204 paracervical blocks. The anaesthetic solution bupivacaine chloride (Marcaine®) was used in a 0.25% solution with the addition of adrenaline 1:400 000 in a dose of 10 ml distributed at four injection sites in the lateral fornices. Apart from a considerably better analgesic effect than previously reported, maternal side effects were also completely lacking. Any PCB‐induced fetal effect has also been extremely slight and is subjected to a detailed analysis in the work. With meticulous application of technique and dosage in the present work, paracervical block appears to be free from risk; but with the reservation that it must be handled by an experienced obstetrician.