bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of The Risk of Zoonoses for Veterinarians
Authors: Jackson J. , Villarroel A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with zoonotic infections in veterinarians, the incidence of physician consultation and treatment and the incidence of diagnostic and treatment errors. Veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through an invitation letter sent to the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. Proportions of respondents to various factors were analyzed for differences among gender, age, time since graduation and type of practice in which they worked. In all, 216 complete responses were received. In all, 13.9% of respondents had never been vaccinated against rabies, and 20.8% had been exposed to suspect rabid animals, mostly (64.4%) a single time. Other zoonoses were reported by 47.2% of respondents: mostly diseases transmitted via contact (57.4%) especially ringworm, followed by those with oral transmission (21.7%). Most zoonotic infections were reportedly acquired by young veterinarians working in primary care veterinary practice. Cats were the species most commonly reported as the animal source of a zoonotic infection. Veterinarians likely self‐diagnosed zoonotic diseases, especially those transmitted by contact. Medical care providers were consulted for diagnosis of more serious diseases. Diagnosis and treatment errors were uncommon. Results of this study emphasize the need to educate future veterinarians during their early years in veterinary school about the risks associated with their future jobs.
Leptin Expression in Dogs with Cardiac Disease and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Fonfara S. , Hetzel U. , Tew S.R. , Dukes‐Mcewan J. , Cripps P. , Clegg P.D. 
Published: September 2011

Background:Leptin belongs to the group of adipokines and has recently attracted attention because of its effects on the cardiovascular system. Increased leptin concentrations are reported in obese dogs but its role in cardiac disease (CD) is not known. Therefore, we investigated leptin expression in blood samples from dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), and from myocardial samples of dogs with CDs.Methods:Leptin mRNA was analyzed from blood samples of 8 dogs presented for cardiac screening in which no abnormalities were detected and 8 dogs in CHF. In addition, myocardial samples (interventricular septum, right and left atria, and ventricles) of 10 dogs with no cardiac abnormalities (controls), 7 dogs with acquired and 3 dogs with congenital CDs were investigated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results:Dogs with CHF had significantly higher blood concentrations of leptin mRNA than dogs without CD (P = .013). Myocardial leptin expression was significantly increased in acquired (P = .035) and decreased in congenital CD (P = .016) in comparison to controls. Dogs in heart failure stage D showed higher myocardial leptin concentrations than dogs in stage C3 and B (P = .031). Differences according to myocardial region (P < .05) were detected and higher leptin concentrations were present in the atria in comparison to the ventricles in dogs with CD (P = .005). Comparing male and female dogs with CD revealed higher leptin concentrations in female dogs (P = .001).Conclusions:These results indicate leptin mRNA concentrations vary with CD, severity of CD, myocardial region, and possibly sex. Therefore, leptin might play a role in canine CD.
Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger Dogs
Authors: Hultin Jäderlund K. , Baranowska Körberg I. , Nødtvedt A. 
Published: September 2011

Background:Although reporting the same clinical phenotype, inherited polyneuropathy in Leonberger dogs (ILPN) has been attributed to various modes of inheritance.Hypothesis:The ILPN is one disease with a major risk factor on chromosome X.Animals:Dogs affected by ILPN (n = 104).Methods:Pedigree analyses were performed by means of a case‐control approach. Data were retrieved either from medical records of cases diagnosed by the first author (n = 13), from breeders (n = 18) or from different registries publishing data on affected dogs (n = 73). A comparison was made between the X‐chromosome ancestry of fathers of affected male dogs and the ancestry of the X‐chromosomes of mothers of affected dogs of either sex. A systematic random sample, obtained from an international database of registered Leonberger dogs, served as a reference population regarding ancestry.Results:Having one particular female, born 1943, in the X‐chromosomal lineage is a major risk factor for developing ILPN. Sex distribution among affected dogs is in favor of a risk factor on the X‐chromosome and contradicts a monogenic autosomal or mitochondrial inheritance.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:The ILPN is considered most likely to be one disease, and the inheritance of ILPN is best explained by an underlying X‐linked mode of transmission for the phenotype. However, age at onset and severity of signs might be determined by contributing loci. This has consequences in molecular genetic studies and for breeding strategies aimed at eliminating this disease.
Reconstructing historical snow depth surfaces to evaluate changes in critical demographic rates and habitat components of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species
Authors: Manning Jeffrey A. , Garton Edward O. 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Climate change models consistently predict snow depth declines across the Northern Hemisphere. Snow depth has been linked to the demography of numerous species, and snow depth reduction is expected to affect the demography of some northern species. As many demographic studies depend on long‐term population data that extend back beyond available sources of spatially continuous snow depth data, reliable hindcasting of snow depth surface maps is needed.2. We developed a two‐stage regression modelling approach to reconstructing historic snow depths using an existing and readily available spatiotemporal data set of daily meteorological variables across a large, heterogeneous landscape in North America from 1982 to 2003. The final model accounted for ecoregional differences and predicted snow depth as a function of elevation and total snowfall accumulation.3. Model validations showed that the estimated snow depths were spatially and temporally accurate.4. We demonstrate how to apply this model with ArcGIS to hindcast monthly and yearly sequences of high‐resolution, spatially continuous surfaces of historic snow depths. We also illustrate the utility of the modelled snow depth surfaces for informing predictions of how changes in snow depth may influence the demography and habitats of snow‐dependent and snow‐restricted species by assessing the spatiotemporal stochasticity of snow conditions that potentially benefit wolverine Gulo gulo and the winter ranges, net energy costs and population growth of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus.5. This model can be used to hindcast snow depth surfaces across similar regions; our simple two‐stage modelling approach can be applied to other regions where equivalent climate data are available. The resulting spatiotemporal snow depth surfaces estimated from this model can be linked to existing long‐term wildlife population data sets to investigate the extent to which snow depth declines may regulate or limit populations.
The Friesian horse breed: A clinical challenge to the equine veterinarian?
Authors: Boerma S. , Back W. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan M. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe Friesian horse breed is a beautiful breed for showing, riding and driving. However, some clinical problems seem to have a higher incidence in the Friesian breed compared to other breeds and this raises suspicions that these clinical entities may have a genetic basis.
Ultrasonographic examination of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses: Part A: Technique and normal images
Authors: Denoix J.‐M. , Bertoni L. , Heitzmann A.‐G. , Werpy N. , Audigié F. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe collateral ligaments (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) are important structures for DIPJ stability. Collateral ligament injuries must be considered in the differential diagnosis of foot pain. An accurate examination of the CL‐DIPJ can be performed with an adequate ultrasonographic technique and equipment. This paper describes the technique and normal ultrasonographic images as reference data for the diagnosis and documentation of CL‐DIPJ desmopathies and enthesopathies.
A systematic review of the efficacy of interventions for dynamic intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Authors: ALLEN K. J. , CHRISTLEY R. M. , BIRCHALL M. A. , FRANKLIN S. H. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThere are numerous treatments for correction of dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). However, the efficacy of these treatments is controversial and there is little consensus on how best to treat this condition. The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature and to assess the evidence on the clinical effects of interventions for dynamic intermittent DDSP. A secondary objective was to assess whether factors relating to study quality affected reported success rates. Twenty‐three studies were included, covering a wide number of interventions but also differing widely is terms of study design, sample size, method of diagnosis, outcome measure and the number lost to follow‐up. The assessment of adverse effects was severely limited because of lack of reporting. The way in which success is measured appears to have a great effect on the reported results. Research synthesis has been severely limited because of the heterogeneity in the included studies. The low level of evidence makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions as to the efficacy of procedures for DDSP. Hence it is currently not possible to determine which procedure is the most appropriate. This systematic review highlights the difficulties of studying palatal dysfunction and suggests areas where improvements can be made in future studies.
An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations
Authors: EPSTEIN K. L. , BRAINARD B. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases.Objectives:To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement.Methods:Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointestinal disease had the fibrinogen concentration measured using the ACL 1000 and the VSPro. Fifty fresh samples were collected from hospitalised horses and fibrinogen concentration was measured using the STA Compact coagulation machine and the VSPro. Correlations for measurements were performed, as well as Bland‐Altman analysis.Results:Coefficients of variability for the VSPro ranged from 7% to 15%. The VSPro fibrinogen values were well correlated to both the ACL 1000 (r = 0.94, P<0.001) and the STA Compact measurements (r = 0.926, P<0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of ‐0.83 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐2.03–0.324 g/l) for the ACL 1000 and a mean bias of ‐0.024 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐1.434–1.386 g/l) for the STA Compact.Conclusions:The VSPro appears to have adequate accuracy and precision for clinical measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations.Potential relevance:The VSPro provides a measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentration using a benchtop instrument with a rapid test time that has comparable accuracy to the fibrinogen concentration obtained from reference laboratories.
In-situ gel formulations of econazole nitrate: preparation and in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Authors: Baloglu Esra , Karavana Sinem Yaprak , Senyigit Zeynep Ay , Hilmioglu-Polat Süleyha , Metin Dilek Yesim , Zekioglu Osman , Guneri Tamer , Jones David S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Objectives
This study describes the in-situ gelling of econazole nitrate containing thermosensitive polymers composed of poloxamer 407 and 188 as a novel treatment platform for vaginal candidiasis.

Methods
Aqueous thermosensitive formulations containing 1% of econazole nitrate and poloxamer 407 and/or 188 were prepared and their rheological, mechanical and drug-release properties determined at 20 ± 0.1°C and/or 37 ± 0.1°C. Based on their biologically suitable thermorheological properties, formulations containing the mixtures of poloxamer 407 and 188 in ratios of 15:15 (F1), 15:20 (F2) and 20:10 (F3) were chosen for comprehensive analysis.

Key findings
Formulations based on F3 exhibited typical gel-type mechanical spectra (G′ &gt; G″) at 37°C whereas formulations based on F1 and F2 exhibited properties akin to weakly cross-linked gels. Texture profile analysis demonstrated that F3 showed the highest cohesiveness, adhesiveness, hardness and compressibility. No statistically significant differences (P &gt; 0.5) were observed in the release of econazole nitrate from the formulations at pH 4.5, which in all cases followed anomalous diffusion kinetics. Formulations based on 20% poloxamer 407:10% poloxamer 188 were chosen for in-vivo studies and were shown to be effective for the treatment of the vaginal candidiasis. Histopathologic evaluation also supported the effectiveness of the thermosensitive formulation administered intravaginally.

Conclusion
By careful engineering of the rheological properties, in-situ thermosensitive gel formulations of econazole nitrate were prepared and were shown to be efficacious in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Effects of a school reform on longitudinal stability of students’ preferences with regard to education
Authors: Könings Karen D. , Brand‐Gruwel Saskia , Elen Jan 
Published: September 2011

Background. Students’ perspective on education is of crucial importance for its effectivity, but students’ opinions are seldom acknowledged by teachers and designers. Student participation in the educational design process could be a suitable tool to better take students’ preferences into account. However, for effective participatory design, it is necessary to know whether students have stable preferences for the design of their education. Changeability of preferences would require a more continuing design process allowing continuous adaptations.Aims. This longitudinal survey study aimed to determine the changeability over time of students’ preferences for different aspects of a learning environment. Additionally, causes of possible changes in preferences are investigated.Sample. The participants were 1,335 high school students of five schools for secondary education in the Netherlands, joining this study during a period of 2 years.Method. Data about students’ preferences were collected at three moments, using the Inventory of Perceived Study Environment Extended. Learning‐related student characteristics, such as processing strategies and motivational orientations, were measured with the Inventory of Learning Styles. Additionally, data on learning performances were collected.Results. The results showed stability on preferences for almost all studied characteristics of the learning environment. Particularly remarkable was a drop in desirability for student autonomy. This was larger for students with a certificate‐oriented motivation and smaller for self‐regulated students. Additionally, poorly performing students had a larger decrease in preference for autonomy.Conclusions. The stability on most aspects supports that participatory design might result in fairly stable instructional designs, although caution is needed with respect to student autonomy.
Teacher efficacy and pupil behaviour: The structure of teachers’ individual and collective beliefs and their relationship with numbers of pupils excluded from school
Authors: Gibbs Simon , Powell Ben 
Published: September 2011

Background. Previous work has yielded knowledge of teachers’ attributions for children's behaviour. Other studies have helped to develop understanding of teachers’ efficacy beliefs. Little work has been undertaken to examine teachers’ efficacy beliefs with regard to classroom behaviour.Aims. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ individual and collective beliefs about their efficacy with children's behaviour and whether these beliefs were associated with the use of exclusion as a sanction.Sample. A total of 197 teachers from 31 primary and nursery schools in the North East of England participated.Methods. Participants responded to questionnaires to assess their individual and collective efficacy beliefs. Demographic and school level data were also collected.Results. Factor analysis indicated that teachers’ individual efficacy beliefs were best represented by three factors: ‘Classroom Management’, ‘Children's Engagement’, ‘Instructional Strategies’ that corresponded well to previous findings. Analysis of collective efficacy beliefs showed a similar structure that differed from previous findings. Individual efficacy was not associated with numbers of children excluded. One factor ‘Addressing External Influences’ in the collective beliefs was negatively correlated with numbers of children excluded and appeared to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with socio‐economic deprivation.Conclusions. This study adds weight to the importance of understanding and supporting teachers’ beliefs in their collective efficacy. In particular, this study underlines the need for strategies that will endorse and develop teachers’ beliefs in their ability to manage children's behaviour successfully.
Social‐emotional characteristics of gifted accelerated and non‐accelerated students in the Netherlands
Authors: Hoogeveen Lianne , van Hell Janet G. , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: September 2011

Background. In the studies of acceleration conducted so far a multidimensional perspective has largely been neglected. No attempt has been made to relate social‐emotional characteristics of accelerated versus non‐accelerated students in perspective of environmental factors.Aims. In this study, social‐emotional characteristics of accelerated gifted students in the Netherlands were examined in relation to personal and environmental factors.Samples. Self‐concept and social contacts of accelerated (n = 148) and non‐accelerated (n = 55) gifted students, aged 4 to 27 (M = 11.22, SD = 4.27) were measured.Method. Self‐concept and social contacts of accelerated and non‐accelerated gifted students were measured using a questionnaire and a diary, and parents of these students evaluated their behavioural characteristics. Gender and birth order were studied as personal factors and grade, classroom, teachers’ gender, teaching experience, and the quality of parent‐school contact as environmental factors.Results. The results showed minimal differences in the social‐emotional characteristics of accelerated and non‐accelerated gifted students. The few differences we found favoured the accelerated students. We also found that multiple grade skipping does not have negative effects on social‐emotional characteristics, and that long‐term effects of acceleration tend to be positive. As regards the possible modulation of personal and environmental factors, we merely found an impact of such factors in the non‐accelerated group.Conclusions. The results of this study strongly suggest that social‐emotional characteristics of accelerated gifted students and non‐accelerated gifted students are largely similar. These results thus do not support worries expressed by teachers about the acceleration of gifted students. Our findings parallel the outcomes of earlier studies in the United States and Germany in that we observed that acceleration does not harm gifted students, not even in the case of multiple grade skipping. On the contrary, there is a suggestion in the data that accelerated students are more socially competent than non‐accelerated students. The findings in this study can reassure those parents and teachers who worry about the social‐emotional consequences of acceleration in school: If a student is gifted, acceleration seems to be a sound and, in many cases, appropriate measure in gifted education.
Bidirectionality between pain and insomnia symptoms: A prospective study
Authors: Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus , Boersma Katja 
Published: September 2011

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a bidirectional relationship between pain and insomnia symptoms over the course of a year.Design. A longitudinal design with a 1‐year follow‐up was used.Methods. From a randomly selected sample of the adult general population (N= 3,000), 1,746 individuals filled out a baseline and 1‐year follow‐up survey on pain, insomnia symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms.Results. Pain (OR = 1.64) and anxiety symptoms increased the risk for the incidence of insomnia symptoms (R2= .125) and pain (OR = 1.98), anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were related to the persistence of insomnia symptoms (R2= .212). Gender and anxiety symptoms increased the risk for the incidence of pain (R2= .073); and age, insomnia symptoms (OR = 1.49), anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were associated with the persistence of pain (R2= .187).Conclusion. While pain was linked to future insomnia symptoms and insomnia symptoms to the persistence of pain over the course of a year, insomnia symptoms was not associated with the incidence of pain. The results, thus, partly argue against bidirectionality between pain and insomnia symptoms.
Newly diagnosed heart failure: Change in quality of life, mood, and illness beliefs in the first 6 months after diagnosis
Authors: Mulligan K. , Mehta P. A. , Fteropoulli T. , Dubrey S. W. , McIntyre H. F. , McDonagh T. A. , Sutton G. C. , Walker D. M. , Cowie M. R. , Newman S. 
Published: September 2011

Objectives. This study sought to examine how patients’ mood and quality of life (QoL) change during the early high‐risk period after a diagnosis of heart failure (HF) and to identify factors that may influence change.Design. A within‐subjects, repeated‐measures design was used. Assessments took place within 4 weeks of diagnosis and 6 months later.Methods. One hundred and sixty six patients with HF completed assessments of their mood, QoL, and beliefs about HF and its treatment. Correlation analysis was conducted between the variables and analysis of variance and t‐tests were used to assess differences in categorical variables. To examine which variables predicted mood and QoL, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted.Results. At follow‐up, patients’ beliefs indicated a realization of the chronicity of their HF, however their beliefs about the consequences of having HF did not change and their satisfaction with their treatment remained high. QoL and anxiety improved significantly over time but there was no significant change in depressed mood. As would be expected, improvement in symptoms was a key factor in improved mood and QoL. Other significant explanatory variables included age, comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depressed mood, patients’ beliefs about the consequences of their HF and their concerns about treatment.Conclusions. This study suggests that addressing patients’ mood and beliefs about their illness and its treatment may be additional ways of improving patient QoL in the early period after the diagnosis of HF.