bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of cellular proteins in Junin arenavirus entry
Authors: Martinez M. Guadalupe , Forlenza M. Belen , Candurra Nélida A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractJunin arenavirus (JUNV) entry is dependent on clathrin‐mediated pathways and it relies on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton as well as the dynamics of microtubules. To determine the method of entry used by this human pathogen, we have demonstrated that in Vero cells JUNV is trafficked via the cellular dynamin 2 (dyn2) endocytic pathway and it is dependent on the Eps15 GTPase. In addition, we have shown that the virus travels through Rab5‐mediated early and Rab7‐mediated late endosomes in its pH‐dependent entry. Altogether, this study gives further inside into the endocytic pathway utilized by the arenavirus JUNV
Analysis of hybrid EM wave absorber using thin corrugated dielectric lossy sheet based on equivalent permittivity representation
Authors: Saito Toshifumi , Kurihara Hiroshi , Nishikata Atsuhiro , Kasabou Miki , Sugahara Toru , Matsumura Kazuya 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe 10‐m and 3‐m semianechoic chambers are in widespread use for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The hybrid EM wave absorber consisting of the sintered ferrite tiles and the dielectric lossy materials has been usually used for these semianechoic chambers. In the past, Suetake, Naito, and Shimizu's studies played a key part in providing the basis for the hybrid EM wave absorber. The reflectivity of the hybrid EM wave absorber can be calculated from the multilayered approximate structure. In particular, each layer occupied partly by the dielectric lossy materials can be replaced by the homogeneous plate having the equivalent relative complex permittivity, which is determined through the synthesized capacitance model in the large wavelength range. But, there was a problem that the equivalent relative complex permittivity differs with the process of the synthesized capacitance model.We propose a new method which can be applied to the equivalent relative complex permittivity by the finite difference method (FDM). Moreover, the reflectivity of the hybrid EM wave absorber using the thin corrugated dielectric lossy sheet is calculated and measured. As a result, it is confirmed that the measured reflectivity agrees with the calculation one. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 12–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10082
Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline Mesoporous Gallium Oxide Phases
Authors: Deshmane Chinmay A. , Jasinski Jacek B. , Carreon Moises A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSemicrystalline and fully crystalline mesoporous galliumoxide phases were synthesized in the presence of ionic and non‐ionic structure directing agents via Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly (EISA) and Self‐Assembly Hydrothermal‐Assisted (SAHA) methods respectively. EISA led to partially crystalline mesoporous gallium oxide phases displaying unimodal pore size distribution in the range of ca. 2–5 nm and surface areas as high as 300 m2/g. SAHA led to nanocrystalline mesoporous uniform micron‐sized gallium oxide spheres (ca. 0.3–6.5 μm) with narrow size distribution displaying cubic spinel type structure. These mesophases displayed surface areas as high as ca. 221 m2/g and unimodal pore size distribution in the 5–15 nm range. Textural properties such as surface areas and pore sizes were effectively fine‐tuned by the nature and relative concentration of the structure directing agents. Due to their high surface areas, tunability of pore sizes and the nature of the wall structure, these gallium oxide mesophases could find potential applications as heterogeneous catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fluorescent Cyclohexyl‐Based Chemosensors for Selective Sensing of TMA Malonate in DMSO/Water
Authors: Costero Ana M. , Colomer Josep V. , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo new cyclohexyl‐based fluorescent thioureas have been synthesized. The prepared ligands contain either a fluorescein or a rhodamine B moiety that are used as signalling units in dicarboxylate recognition. An equimolecular mixture of both ligands selectively recognize malonate in a competitive buffered medium. An inhibition of FRET as a result of the complex geometry might be proposed as a transduction mechanism in the sensing process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A systematic review of impulsivity in eating disorders
Authors: Waxman Samantha E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the current literature that examines impulsivity in individuals with eating disorders (ED). Studies were obtained from Embase, Pubmed and Psycinfo, and were included if they assessed impulsivity in individuals over 18 years of age with an ED diagnosis and published in the last 10 years. The methodological quality of the studies was rated. Twelve studies were included in this review, with methodological quality varying across studies. Findings suggest that impulsivity is best assessed multi‐modally, with a combination of self‐report, behavioural and physiological measures. In general, impulsivity was found to differentiate individuals with EDs from controls, as well as across diagnostic subtypes. The current findings have important clinical implications for our understanding and treatment of both impulsivity and eating disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Mitigation of interharmonics using a switched filter scheme
Authors: Xu Wilsun , Tayjasanant Thavatchai , Zhang Guibin , Bahry Richard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a real‐life case where variable frequency drive is identified as an interharmonic source that causes flickers. Through field measurements and system studies, the mechanism of light flicker production is revealed. After investigating various options to mitigate the problem, a simple switched filter scheme is recommended as the solution. Field measurement results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duloxetine in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: an open‐label pilot study
Authors: Brennan Brian P. , Fogarty Kate V. , Roberts Jacqueline L. , Reynolds Karina A. , Pope Harrison G. , Hudson James I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of duloxetine for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsWe conducted an open‐label 12‐week trial of duloxetine 60 mg daily in 15 patients with IBS without concurrent major depressive disorder. The primary outcome measure was average abdominal pain. Secondary measures included IBS symptoms, Clinical Global Impression‐Severity, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, IBS Quality‐of‐Life Scale, and Sheehan Disability Scale. We analyzed changes using random regression and one‐sample t‐tests.ResultsFourteen patients completed at least one post‐baseline evaluation; eight completed the study. Duloxetine was associated with significant improvement (p < 0.05) in pain, severity of illness, quality of life, loose stool, work and family disability, and anxiety. However, duloxetine did not improve hard stool. Although we found no evidence of serious duloxetine toxicity, seven participants withdrew over the course of the study because of adverse drug events.ConclusionsIn this small, open‐label study, duloxetine appeared to be effective for many features of IBS, but its adverse effects, most notably constipation, limited its use. Since our study excluded individuals with concurrent major depression, it appears that duloxetine may benefit IBS independently of its antidepressant effects. These encouraging but preliminary open‐label findings support further investigation of duloxetine treatment in placebo‐controlled trials of IBS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ADP‐dependent sugar kinase family: Kinetic and evolutionary aspects
Authors: Guixé Victoria , Merino Felipe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSome archaea of the Euryarchaeota present a unique version of the Embden–Meyerhof pathway where glucose and fructose‐6‐phosphate are phoshporylated using ADP instead of ATP as the phosphoryl donor. These are the only ADP‐dependent kinases known to date. Although initially they were believed to represent a new protein family, they can be classified as members of the ribokinase superfamily, which also include several ATP‐dependent kinases. As they were first identified in members of the thermococcales it was proposed that the presence of these ADP‐dependent kinases is an adaptation to high temperatures. Later, homologs of these enzymes were identified in the genomes of mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenic archaea and even in the genomes of higher eukaryotes, suggesting that the presence of these proteins is not related to the hyperthermophilic life. The ADP‐dependent kinases are very restrictive to their ligands being unable to use triphosphorylated nucleotides such as ATP. However, it has been shown that they can bind ATP by competition kinetic experiments. The hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii has a homolog of these genes, which can phosphorylate glucose and fructose‐6‐phosphate. For this reason, it was proposed as an ancestral form for the family. However, recent studies have shown that the ancestral activity in the group is glucokinase, and a combination of gene duplication and lateral gene transfer could have originated the two paralogs in this member of the Euryarchaeota. Interestingly, based on structural comparisons made within the superfamily it has been suggested that the ADP‐dependent kinases are the newest in the group. In several members of the superfamily, the presence of divalent metal cations has been shown to be crucial for catalysis, so its role in the ADP‐dependent family was investigated through molecular dynamics. The simulation shows that, in fact, the metal coordinates the catalytic ensemble and interacts with crucial residues for catalysis. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(7): 753–761, 2009
The political economy of financial reform: are Abiad and Mody right?
Authors: Huang Yongfu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMotivated by the questions ‘Financial Reform: What Shakes It? What Shapes It?’ raised by Abiad and Mody (2005), this paper studies the forces that induce governments to undertake financial sector reform. Rather than their ordered logit technique, it uses a within groups approach allowing for error dependence across countries and over time. This analysis shows that some of the AM findings are not robust to error dependence and the estimation method. It has shed new light on the political economy of financial reform. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detection for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish
Authors: Hu Jia , Li Yanyan , Zhang Wei , Wang Huili , Huang Changjiang , Zhang Minghua , Wang Xuedong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new method of dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with GC‐electron capture detection (GC‐ECD) was proposed for the extraction and determination of four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners in fish samples. Acetone was used as extraction solvent for the extraction of PCBs from fish samples. The target analytes in the acetone solvent were rapidly transferred to chlorobenzene, which was used as extraction solvent in DLLME procedures. Under the optimum conditions, linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 1.25 to 1250 μg/kg for PCB 52, and 0.25 to 250 μg/kg for PCB 101, 138 and 153. Coefficients of correlation (r2) ranged from 0.9993 to 0.9999. The repeatability was tested by spiking fish samples at 10 μg/kg PCBs, and RSD% (n = 8) varied between 2.2 and 8.4%. The LODs were between 0.12 and 0.35 μg/kg. The enrichment factors of PCBs were from 87 to 123. The relative recoveries of the four PCB congeners for the perch, pomfret and yellow‐fin tuna at spiking levels of 10, 20 and 50 μg/kg were in the range of 81.20–100.6%, 85.00–102.7% and 87.80–108.4%, respectively. The results demonstrated that DLLME combined with GC‐ECD was a simple, rapid, and efficient technique for the extraction and determination of PCBs in fish samples.
Experimental versus theoretical evidence for the rate‐limiting steps in uncatalyzed and H+‐ and HO−‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the amide bond
Authors: Khan M. Niyaz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecent theoretical studies of the alkaline hydrolysis of the amide bond have indicated that the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxide ion at the carbonyl carbon of the amide group is rate limiting. This is shown to be inconsistent with a large amount of experimental observations where the expulsion of the leaving group has been shown to be rate limiting. A kinetic approach has been described, which allows us to diagnose whether the pH‐independent/uncatalyzed hydrolysis of amides involves (a) both the uncatalyzed water reaction (kw) and H+‐ (kH) and HO−‐catalyzed (kOH) water reaction, (b) only the kw reaction, or (c) only the k + kOH reaction. The analysis described in this critical review does not favor the recent theoretical claims of the absence of the water reaction in the pH‐independent/uncatalyzed hydrolysis of formamide and urea. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 599–611, 2009
Novel Polyesteramide‐Based Diblock Copolymers: Synthesis by Ring‐Opening Copolymerization and Characterization
Authors: Deshayes Gaëlle , Delcourt Cécile , Verbruggen Ingrid , Trouillet‐Fonti Lise , Touraud Franck , Fleury Etienne , Degée Philippe , Destarac Mathias , Willem Rudolph , Dubois Philippe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBlock copolymers based on a polyesteramide sequence and a polyether block were synthesized in bulk at 250 °C by ring‐opening copolymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CLo) and ε‐caprolactam (CLa) as initiated by Jeffamine® M1000, i.e., ω‐NH2 copoly[(ethylene oxide)‐co‐(propylene oxide)] copolymer [P(EO‐co‐PO)‐NH2]. For an initial molar ratio of [CLa]0/[CLo]0 = 1, the copolymerization allowed for the formation of a diblock copolymer with a statistical polyesteramide sequence, as evidenced by 13C NMR. Investigation of the ROP mechanism highlighted that CLo was first polymerized, leading to the formation of a diblock copolymer P(EO‐co‐PO)‐b‐PCLo‐OH, followed by CLa hydrolysis to aminocaproic acid that inserted into the ester bonds of PCLo via aminolysis and subsequent condensation reactions. The outcome is the selective formation of P(EO‐co‐PO)‐b‐P(CLa‐co‐CLo)‐OH diblock copolymers where the composition and length of the polyesteramide sequence can be fine‐tuned by the [CLa]0/[CLo]0 and ([CLa]0 + [CLo]0)/[P(EO‐co‐PO)‐NH2]0 initial molar ratios.
On approximation in the fictitious domain method for a bidimensional transport equation
Authors: Martin Olga 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this article a numerical method for solving a two‐dimensional transport equation in the stationary case is presented. Using the techniques of the variational calculus, we find the approximate solution for a homogeneous boundary‐value problem that corresponds to a square domain D2. Then, using the method of the fictitious domain, we extend our algorithm to a boundary value problem for a set D that has an arbitrary shape. In this approach, the initial computation domain D (called physical domain) is immersed in a square domain D2. We prove that the solution obtained by this method is a good approximation of the exact solution. The theoretical results are verified with the help of a numerical example. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Multi‐objective optimization of heating channels for rapid heating cycle injection mold using Pareto‐based genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Xi‐Ping , Zhao Guo‐Qun , Guan Yan‐Jin , Ma Ming‐Xing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRapid heating cycle molding (RHCM) technology is a novel polymer injection molding method developed in recent years. In this paper, the principle of RHCM technology was introduced and a RHCM mold for producing a large‐size LCD TV panel was presented. Aiming at achieving a uniform temperature distribution on the cavity surface as well as making sure of the heating efficiency, the factors that influence temperature distribution and heating efficiency were analyzed. The center coordinates of the heating channels were considered as the main design variables. Multi‐objective functions for optimizing the temperature distribution uniformity and heating efficiency were proposed. The layout of the heating channels for a 46‐inch LCD TV panel RHCM mold was optimized by using the finite element method and Pareto‐based genetic algorithm (GA). The temperature distribution uniformity on the stationary mold insert cavity surface was largely improved by using optimal design results and the heating efficiency was also guaranteed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal Shh and FOXC2 expression correlates with aberrant lymphatic development in human fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: de Mooij Yolanda M. , van den Akker Nynke M. S. , Bekker Mireille N. , Bartelings Margot M. , Wisse Lambertus J. , van Vugt John M. G. , Gittenberger‐de Groot Adriana C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectivePrevious research in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) showed abnormal lymphatic endothelial differentiation characteristics, including increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A expression, and aberrant smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding enlarged jugular lymphatic sacs (JLS). We hypothesized that abnormal Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression would result in altered VEGF‐A signaling in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS and that aberrant acquisition of SMCs could be caused by downregulation of forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 and upregulation of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐B in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS.MethodsFive trisomy 21 fetuses and four controls were investigated using immunohistochemistry for Shh, VEGF‐A, FOXC2 and PDGF‐B expression in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS.ResultsAn increased Shh, VEGF‐A and PDGF‐B expression, and decreased FOXC2 expression were shown in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS of the trisomic fetuses.ConclusionsIncreased Shh and VEGF‐A expression is correlated with an aberrant lymphatic endothelial differentiation in trisomy 21 fetuses. The SMCs surrounding the JLS can possibly be explained by an increase of PDGF‐B‐induced SMC recruitment and/or differentiation. This underscores earlier findings that indicate the loss of lymphatic identity in trisomy 21 fetuses and a shift towards a blood vessel wall phenotype. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and proton transport studies on nanocrystalline [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] (HAp), HAp–Nafion® composite, and natural human bone
Authors: Jena H. , Rao Ch. Venkateswara , Eddy Fannie Posey , Dooley Jonathan , Rambabu B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) is synthesized from hydroxide gels at room temperature using sonochemical technique. The as‐synthesized material is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and solid‐ state (1H and 31P) NMR techniques. Hexagonal structure with space group P63/m is evident from powder XRD. Microscopic analysis with SAED indicates the nanocrystalline nature of the compound. Average particle size of 30 nm with excellent phase purity in good stoichiometric ratios of HAp is observed. The prevalence of protons as hydroxyls in apatitic structure of HAp is evident from FT‐IR and solid‐state NMR. The microstructure and proton conducting properties of the synthesized material are compared with the natural human bone powder having similar constituents. The sonochemically prepared HAp, and HAp‐Nafion® composite exhibited excellent AC conductivities ∼10−5 S cm−1 at 650 °C and ∼10−5 S cm−1 at 160 °C, respectively, may find application as an electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT‐SOFCs) and high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT‐PEFCs) applications.
Influence of relaxation of the atomic order in f.c.c.‐Ni–Al alloys on X‐ray diffuse scattering
Authors: Bokoch S. M. , Leonov D. S. , Kulish M. P. , Tatarenko V. A. , Kunitsky Yu. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe atomic short‐range order (SRO) for the substitutional f.c.c.‐Ni–9 at.% Al single‐crystal solution is investigated using the X‐ray diffuse‐scattering method (supplemented by Monte Carlo simulation studies) and analyzing the salient features of the second‐order phonon diffuse scattering of X‐rays. As shown, in quenched state, the SRO corresponds to the presence in alloy of the static concentration waves with kX(0 0 1) and k(0 0 0.2) wave vectors. Initial SRO‐kinetics stage is attended by the noticeable increasing of the diffuse‐scattering intensities for wave vectors close to structural (Bragg) reflexes. Parameters of the time dependence of X‐ray diffuse‐scattering intensity for f.c.c.‐Ni–9 at.% Al alloy (after quenching) at low annealing temperature (373 K) are significantly different for different wave vectors generating the ordering and/or clustering processes.
Development of visualization method of grain boundaries in stainless steel by using white X‐ray micro‐beam and image detector
Authors: Kajiwara Kentaro , Sato Masugu , Hashimoto Tamotsu , Hirosawa Ichiro , Yamada Takuyo , Terachi Takumi , Fukumura Takuya , Arioka Koji 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA visualization method of grain boundaries in a polycrystal was developed at BL28B2 in SPring‐8. By combining a scanning type white X‐ray micro‐diffraction system with high‐energy synchrotron X‐rays we non‐destructively obtained images to visualize grain boundaries and grains in stainless steel by simple data processing. The images were comparable to those obtained by electron back scattering pattern technique. It was shown that the new method can be applied to bulky plate sample as thick as 300 µm containing grains with size of 100 µm.
Recent developments in tomographic small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Feldkamp J. M. , Kuhlmann M. , Roth S. V. , Timmann A. , Gehrke R. , Shakhverdova I. , Paufler P. , Filatov S. K. , Bubnova R. S. , Schroer C. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSmall‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) has become a standard tool for the investigation of nano‐structured materials with applications in many fields of science. Scanning tomography adds three‐dimensional information to the method. We investigate the validity of the tomographic model in SAXS tomography. We identify the requirement of local rotational invariance of the SAXS cross section and discuss the role of coherence in the framework of SAXS tomography. A tomography experiment performed on nanoporous glass is described as a practical example of the method.magnified image
SAXS tomography reveals the density and nanostructure on a virtual section through a piece of nanoporous sodium borosilicate glass.
Preparation and dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12–polyethersulfone composites
Authors: Wang Fajun , Zhou Dongxiang , Hu Yunxiang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCaCu3Ti4O12–polyethersulfone (CCTO–PES) composites with various CCTO volume fractions up to 0.5 were prepared. Relatively high dielectric constant (ε = 32.7) and low loss (tan δ = 0.063) of the composites with CCTO volume fraction at 0.5 were observed. Various theoretical models were employed to predict the dielectric constant of these composites, the dielectric constant obtained via EMT model were in close agreement with the experimental data. The dielectric constant of CCTO–PES composites showed weak frequency dependence at the measuring frequency range, and the loss tangent apparently decrease with increase in frequency. Both the dielectric constant and loss tangent showed weak temperature dependence at low temperature range from 20 to 60 °C, however, they increased dramatically with a further increase in temperature above 60 °C.