bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Morbidities and Developmental Delay in Moderately Preterm-Born Children
Authors: Kerstjens Jorien M. , Bocca-Tjeertes Inger F. , de Winter Andrea F. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Bos Arend F. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Children born moderately preterm (32–356/7 weeks’ gestation) are at increased risk of both neonatal morbidities and developmental delays in early childhood. It is unknown whether neonatal morbidities contribute to the increased risk of developmental delay. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of neonatal morbidities after moderately preterm birth on development at preschool age.

METHODS:
In a community-based, stratified cohort, parents of 832 moderately preterm children born in 2002 or 2003 completed the Ages and Stage Questionnaire when their child was 43 to 49 months old. Data on Apgar scores, asphyxia, tertiary NICU admission, hospital transfer, circulatory insufficiency, hypoglycemia, septicemia, mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, apneas, caffeine treatment, and hyperbilirubinemia were obtained from medical records. We assessed associations of neonatal characteristics with developmental delay, adjusted for gender, small-for-gestational-age status, gestational age, and maternal education.

RESULTS:
Hypoglycemia and asphyxia were associated with developmental delay; odds ratios (ORs) were 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.77) and 3.18 (95% CI: 1.01–10.0), respectively. Tertiary NICU admission and hyperbilirubinemia had positive but statistically borderline nonsignificant associations with developmental delay: ORs were 1.74 (95% CI: 0.96–3.15) and 1.52 (95% CI: 0.94–2.46), respectively. No other neonatal morbidities were associated with developmental delay. In multivariate analyses, only hypoglycemia was associated with developmental delay (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.08–4.46).

CONCLUSIONS:
In moderately preterm-born children, only hypoglycemia increased the risk of developmental delay at preschool age. A concerted effort to prevent hypoglycemia might enhance developmental outcome in this group.
Bond Durability of Adhesives Containing Modified-monomer With/Without-fluoride After Aging in Artificial Saliva and Under Intrapulpal Pressure Simulation
Authors: El-Deeb HA , Al Sherbiney HH , Mobarak EH 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY

Objective:
To evaluate the dentin bond strength durability of adhesives containing modified-monomer with/without-fluoride after storage in artificial saliva and under intrapulpal pressure simulation (IPPS).

Materials and Methods:
The occlusal enamel of 48 freshly extracted teeth was trimmed to expose midcoronal dentin. Roots were sectioned to expose the pulp chamber and to connect the specimens to the pulpal-pressure assembly. Specimens were assigned into four groups (n=12) according to adhesive system utilized: a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (SB, Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE), a two-step self-etch adhesive system (CSE, Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Medical Inc), and two single-step self-etch adhesives with the same modified monomer (bis-acrylamide)—one with fluoride (AOF, AdheSE One F, Ivoclar-Vivadent) and the other without (AO, AdheSE One, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Bonding was carried out while the specimens were subjected to 15-mm Hg IPPS. Resin composite (Valux Plus, 3M ESPE) buildups were made. After curing, specimens were aged in artificial saliva and under 20-mm Hg IPPS at 37°C in a specially constructed incubator either for 24 hours or six months prior to testing. Bonded specimens (n=6/group) were sectioned into sticks (n=24/group) with a cross section of 0.9 ± 0.01 mm2 and subjected to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA tests, and a t-test (p&lt;0.05). Failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope.

Results:
The μTBS values of SB and CSE fell significantly after six-month storage in artificial saliva and under IPPS, yet these values remained significantly higher than those for the other two adhesives with modified monomers. There was no significant difference in the bond strength values between fluoride-containing and fluoride-free self-etch adhesive systems (AOF and AO) after 24 hours or six months. Modes of failure were mainly adhesive and mixed.

Conclusions:
Based on the results of this study, 1) Fluoride addition did not affect dentin bond durability; and 2) despite the fact that the single-step adhesive system with modified monomer showed stability, bond strengths associated with these systems remained lower than those of multistep adhesive systems.
Du militant au manager
Authors: Thine Sylvain 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Dans le rapport qu’il consacre, en 1994, à la France de l’an 2000, Alain Minc défend l’idée de rationalisation des entreprises publiques non seulement pour maximiser leur productivité mais aussi pour contrôler les flux financiers liés au processus de privatisation. L’analyse de la trajectoire de Bernard D., ancien syndicaliste et élu local, cadre dans une entreprise publique, montre que si le rôle des agents externes à l’entreprise tels que les consultants – vecteurs de rationalisation –, est déterminant dans ces transformations, celui des agents locaux peut être tout aussi significatif. Ainsi, l’action des consultants doit notamment son efficacité et sa légitimité à l’aide d’agents qui incarnent la culture technique « maison ». Faisant carrière, Bernard D., qui réactive d’anciennes dispositions acquises lors de ses activités militantes et de ses mandats d’élu local, participe à la diffusion des préceptes techniques rationnalisant et de leurs conséquences sur l’organisation du travail dans l’entreprise.
Human TOLLIP Regulates TLR2 and TLR4 Signaling and Its Polymorphisms Are Associated with Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Authors: Shah Javeed A. , Vary Jay C. , Chau Tran T. H. , Bang Nguyen D. , Yen Nguyen T. B. , Farrar Jeremy J. , Dunstan Sarah J. , Hawn Thomas R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTuberculosis, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, stimulates inflammatory responses with beneficial and pathologic consequences. The regulation and nature of an optimal inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains poorly understood in humans. Insight into mechanisms of negative regulation of the TLR-mediated innate immune response to M. tuberculosis could provide significant breakthroughs in the design of new vaccines and drugs. We hypothesized that TOLLIP and its common variants negatively regulate TLR signaling in human monocytes and are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Using short hairpin RNA knockdown of TOLLIP in peripheral blood human monocytes, we found that TOLLIP suppresses TNF and IL-6 production after stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. In contrast, secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was induced by TOLLIP. We also discovered two common polymorphisms that are associated with either decreased levels of mRNA expression (rs3750920) or increased IL-6 production (rs5743899) in a sample of 56 healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in a case-population study in Vietnam with 760 cord blood samples and 671 TB case patients, we found that SNPs rs3750920 and rs5743899 were associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (p = 7.03 × 10−16 and 6.97 × 10−7, respectively). These data demonstrate that TOLLIP has an anti-inflammatory effect on TLR signaling in humans and that TOLLIP deficiency is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis. To our knowledge, these data also show the first associations of TOLLIP polymorphisms with any infectious disease. These data also implicate an unexpected mechanism of negative regulation of TLR signaling in human tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Spontaneous Autoimmunity in the Absence of IL-2 Is Driven by Uncontrolled Dendritic Cells
Authors: Isakson Sara H. , Katzman Shoshana D. , Hoyer Katrina K. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
BALB/c IL-2–deficient (IL-2–KO) mice develop systemic autoimmunity, dying within 3 to 5 wk from complications of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Disease in these mice is Th1 mediated, and IFN-γ production is required for early autoimmunity. In this study, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) are required for optimal IFN-γ production by T cells in the IL-2–KO mouse. Disease is marked by DC accumulation, activation, and elevated production of Th1-inducing cytokines. IL-2–KO DCs induce heightened proliferation and cytokine production by naive T cells compared with wild-type DCs. The depletion of either conventional or plasmacytoid DCs significantly prolongs the survival of IL-2–KO mice, demonstrating that DCs contribute to the progression of autoimmunity. Elimination of Th1-inducing cytokine signals (type 1 IFN and IL-12) reduces RBC-specific Ab production and augments survival, indicating that cytokines derived from both plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DCs contribute to disease severity. DC activation likely precedes T cell activation because DCs are functionally activated even in an environment lacking overt T cell activation. These data indicate that both conventional and plasmacytoid DCs are critical regulators in the development of this systemic Ab-mediated autoimmune disease, in large part through the production of IL-12 and type 1 IFNs.
Magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical experience with an open low-field-strength scanner in a resource challenged African state
Authors: Ogbole G I , Adeleye A O , Adeyinka A O , Ogunseyinde O A 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Despite the fact that an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been in clinical use for over 20 years, its use and availability in Nigeria, a West African state, is still extremely low. Hence, only few publications are available on the clinical experience with MRI from Nigeria. We set out to evaluate our initial clinical experience with a low-field-strength MRI in a Nigeria’s foremost university hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all studies, performed with an open 0.2 Tesla MAGNETOM Concerto (Siemens Medical) MRI scanner over a 5-year period (2006 - 2010) was conducted. All patients with complete records were evaluated for their clinical and demographic characteristics. Results: The records of 799 MRI studies were available. Patients’ ages ranged from 1 day to 90 years, with a mean of 40.1 years (± 20.7 SD). There were 463 (57.9%) males and 336 (42.1%) females. Over 90% of the studies were requested to evaluate brain or spine lesions. Low back pain represented the commonest (161/799, 20.7%) clinical indication for MRI. The largest number of patients was referred by physicians from surgical specialties (65.6%). Conclusion: The awareness and competence for proper use of MRI in Nigeria appears high. Low back pain is the commonest indication for MRI in our institution, and surgeons make a greater use of the facility. The provision of high-signal strength MRI may be beneficial in making a wider range of applications available to clinicians.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Authors: Yadav Yad Ram , Parihar Vijay , Pande Sonjjay , Namdev Hemant , Agarwal Moneet 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTEndoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is considered as a treatment of choice for obstructive hydrocephalus. It is indicated in hydrocephalus secondary to congenital aqueductal stenosis, posterior third ventricle tumor, cerebellar infarct, Dandy-Walker malformation, vein of Galen aneurism, syringomyelia with or without Chiari malformation type I, intraventricular hematoma, post infective, normal pressure hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, multiloculated hydrocephalus, encephalocele, posterior fossa tumor and craniosynostosis. It is also indicated in block shunt or slit ventricle syndrome. Proper Pre-operative imaging for detailed assessment of the posterior communicating arteries distance from mid line, presence or absence of Liliequist membrane or other membranes, located in the prepontine cistern is useful. Measurement of lumbar elastance and resistance can predict patency of cranial subarachnoid space and complex hydrocephalus, which decides an ultimate outcome. Water jet dissection is an effective technique of ETV in thick floor. Ultrasonic contact probe can be useful in selected patients. Intraoperative ventriculo-stomography could help in confirming the adequacy of endoscopic procedure, thereby facilitating the need for shunt. Intraoperative observations of the patent aqueduct and prepontine cistern scarring are predictors of the risk of ETV failure. Such patients may be considered for shunt surgery. Magnetic resonance ventriculography and cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging are effective in assessing subarachnoid space and stoma patency after ETV. Proper case selection, post-operative care including monitoring of ICP and need for external ventricular drain, repeated lumbar puncture and CSF drainage, Ommaya reservoir in selected patients could help to increase success rate and reduce complications. Most of the complications develop in an early post–operative, but fatal complications can develop late which indicate an importance of long term follow up.
Pediatric multifocal glioblastoma multiforme with fulminant course
Authors: Cugati Goutham , Jain Pradeep Kumar , Pande Anil , Symss Nigel Peter , Chakravarthy Vasudevan , Ramamurthi Ravi 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. GBM in children is less common than in adults and has a better prognosis. Pediatric GBM is a rare entity, and a multifocal development in a pediatric GBM is much rarer. We report to you one such rare case of pediatric multifocal GBM in a 5-year-old child who developed rapidly increasing multiple lesions after radiotherapy. More studies are required to study the genetic analysis, tumor behavior, management and outcome of these rare tumors.
Transorbital orbitocranial penetrating injury caused by a metal bar
Authors: Arslan Mehmet , Eseoğlu Metehan , Güdü Burhan Oral 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTransorbital intracranial injury is uncommon, representing 0.04% of penetrating head trauma with a high mortality rate. Orbital penetrating injuries may cause severe brain injury if the cranium is entered, typically via the orbital roof, the superior orbital fissure, or the optic canal. A 13-year-old male sustained a severe brain injury due to penetration of the right orbit with an iron bar. The bar entered the inferiomedial aspect of the orbit and emerged from the left occipital bone. Neurological examination revealed deep coma (GCS: E1M2V1) with fixed, dilated, and non-reactive pupils. The bar followed an intracranial trajectory, through the third ventricle and suprasellar cistern. The patient underwent an immediate exploration with removal of the bar. Unfortunately, he died 10 days postoperatively due to severe diencephalic injury with brainstem herniation. In this case report, we discuss the radiologic diagnosis and surgical management of transorbital orbitocranial injury by foreign body penetration.
A rare concomitant tubercular and Fonsecaea pedrosoi fungal infection of the skull base
Authors: Suchanda B , Alugolu Rajesh , Purohit A K , Lakshmi V , Sundaram C 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTuberculosis of the skull base and middle ear cavity is very rare. Infection with neurotropic fungi Fonsecaea pedrosoi is rare, which usually presents as brain abscess. We herein present an unusual case of concomitant tuberculosis and fungal (Fonsecaea pedrosoi) infections involving the middle ear cleft extending and destroying the craniovertebral junction.
Lumbar disk herniation presented with cauda equina syndrome in a pregnant woman
Authors: Hakan Tayfun 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTDespite low back pain being common in pregnancy, cauda equina syndrome is rare. Misdiagnosis and delay in treatment may cause neurological sequelae including urinary and fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction in patients. A case of cauda equina syndrome in a pregnant woman at 25-week gestation is presented here. The patient underwent an emergency, standard lumbar microdiscectomy under general anesthesia on prone position. Neither the patient nor the baby had any complication related to surgery.
Cerebellopontine angle ependymoma in a 2-year-old child
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Sharma Manish , Gupta Kirti , Kovai Priyamvadha , Aggarwal Ashish 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe management of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) ependymoma in children below 3 years of age is challenging. In addition to the rare occurrence of disease, the difficulty also lies in achieving gross total resection and providing radiotherapy in this subset of patients. We describe a case of CPA ependymoma in a 2-year-old child. Gross total excision was achieved followed by administration of radiotherapy. In this article, a review of literature for this rare entity and the difficulties faced in the surgery and adjuvant treatment has been discussed.
Cerebrogenic tachyarrhythmia in acute stroke
Authors: Praveen Kumar A S , Babu E , Subrahmanyam D K 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe electrocardiac abnormalities following acute stroke are frequent and seen in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The changes seen in electrocardiogram (ECG) consist of repolarization abnormalities such as ST elevation, ST depression, negative T waves, and QT prolongation. Among tachyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation is the most common and occurrence of focal atrial tachycardia is very rare though any cardiac arrhythmias can follow acute stroke. We report a case of focal atrial tachycardia following acute ischemic stroke in 50-year-old female without structural heart disease, and their mechanisms and clinical implications.
Carcinomatous meningitis: Yet another cause for rapidly progressive dementia and triphasic waves in electroencephalograph!
Authors: Jadav R , Sinha S , Nagarathna S , Bindu P S , Mahadevan A , Bharath R S , Shankar S K , Taly A B 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe report a 65-year-old woman who manifested with progressive cognitive impairment, abnormal behavior, slurred speech, inability to carry out activities with right upper limb, gait disturbances, emotional liability, and double incontinence that evolved progressively over the last 8 months. A clinical syndrome of ‘‘rapidly progressive dementia’’ was considered. The MRI of brain was unremarkable except for small para third ventricular enhancing lesion was detected in the left thalamic region. There was bi/tri-phasic sharp waves in the routine scalp EEG occurring at periodically 1.5–2.0 Hz, mimicking Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). She was later diagnosed to have carcinomatous meningitis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. This case is being discussed for rarity and interesting EEG observations in patients with carcinomatous meningitis and to highlight the importance of CSF cytology in an appropriate clinical setting. One needs to be careful in concluding CJD as possible diagnosis in such scenario.
Levofloxacin-induced acute anxiety and insomnia
Authors: Kandasamy Arun , Srinath D 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTFluoroquinolones can cause adverse neuropsychiatric side effects, which are more common in older age. We present three cases of levofloxacin-induced acute anxiety and insomnia in young adults. In all the cases, discontinuation of levofloxacin immediately lead to remission.
Higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion and ectomorphism: New biomarkers for human creativity in developing rural areas
Authors: Rizzo-Sierra Carlos V , Leon-S Martha E , Leon-Sarmiento Fidias E 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe highly sensitive trait present in animals, has also been proposed as a human neurobiological trait. People having such trait can process larger amounts of sensory information than usual, making it an excellent attribute that allows to pick up subtle environmental details and cues. Furthermore, this trait correlates to some sort of giftedness such as higher perception, inventiveness, imagination and creativity. We present evidences that support the existance of key neural connectivity between the mentioned trait, higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion, ectomorphism and creativity. The neurobiological and behavioral implications that these biomarkers have in people living in developing rural areas are discussed as well.
Imaging in Common Anterior and Sellar/Perisellar Skull Base Lesions
Authors: Patel Zena M , Gupta Santosh S 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSkull base surgery is an advanced surgical subspeciality. A wide range of pathologies can primarily or secondarily involve the skull base. Due to its complex anatomy, cross-sectional imaging is an important part in the multidisciplinary approach for skull base lesions.
Endoscopic-assisted Craniofacial Resection
Authors: Moiyadi Aliasgar , Nair Deepa , Pai Prathamesh S 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTManagement of anterior skull base tumors has progressed steadily since AS Ketcham popularized the craniofacial surgical technique in the seventies with good results. In the past two decades, endoscopic sinonasal tumor resection has been established as an additional treatment option. For tumors that cross the anterior skull base, a cranial access is vital to encompass the tumor all around. For a select group of these transcranial lesions, the sinonasal component is suitable for an endoscopic endonasal oncologically safe resection along with a traditional transcranial access to complete the resection. This article endeavors to describe the endoscopicassisted craniofacial combining the advantages of a transnasal minimal access to reduce facial morbidity and the transcranial access for superior control of tumors with adequate margins.
Anterior Craniofacial (Transcranial) Resection for Tumors of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Surgical Technique
Authors: Varshney Saurabh , Bist SS , Mishra Sarita , Gupta Charitesh , Bhagat Sanjiv , Agarwal Vinish 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundManagement of nose and paranasal sinus tumors involving the cribriform plate with or without invasion of anterior cranial fossa is complex due to the anatomic detail of the region and the variety of tumors that occur in this area. Anterior craniofacial resection is recognized as the best treatment for nose and paranasal sinus, tumors involving the cribriform plate with or without invasion of anterior cranial fossa. Craniofacial resection allows wide exposure of the complex anatomical structures at the base of skull permitting monobloc tumor resection.MethodsTwenty-one patients underwent anterior craniofacial resection for nose and paranasal sinus tumors involving the cribriform plate with or without invasion of anterior cranial fossa at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun between 2000 and 2011 by a team of head-neck surgeons and neurosurgeons.ResultsThe series included 16 malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses and five extensive benign lesions. The mean age was 47.4 years (range, 12 to 68 years). There were 16 men and five women (M:F- 3.2:1.0). Four patients had a recurrence after previous treatments (surgery and/or radiotherapy). The histological subdivision was as follows: Seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma, four cases of adenocarcinoma, three cases of esthesioneuroblastoma, and two cases of undifferentiated tumors. All tumors were resected by a combined bifrontal craniotomy and rhinotomy. The skull base was closed with a pediculated pericranial flap and a split-thickness free skin graft underneath. There were no postoperative problems of CSF-leakage or meningitis, two patients had wound infection. Recurrent tumor growth or systemic metastasis occurred in three (18.75%) out of 16 patients with malignant tumors, 6 months to 2 years postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 16 months.ConclusionAn anterior craniofacial resection should be performed in cases of nose and paranasal sinus tumors involving the cribriform plate with or without invasion of anterior cranial fossa.