bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Carlitz module analogue of a conjecture of Erdos and Pomerance
Authors: Kuo Wentang , Liu Yu-Ru 
Published: May 2009

Let

A
=

F

q

[
T
]

A=\mathbb {F}_q[T]

be the ring of polynomials over the finite field

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

and

0
≠
a
∈
A

0 \neq a \in A

. Let

C
C

be the

A
A

-Carlitz module. For a monic polynomial

m
∈
A

m\in A

, let

C
(
A

/

m
A
)

C(A/mA)

and

a
¯

\bar {a}

be the reductions of

C
C

and

a
a

modulo

m
A

mA

respectively. Let

f
a

(
m
)

f_a(m)

be the monic generator of the ideal

{
f
∈
A
,

C
f

(

a
¯

)
=

0
¯

}

\{f\in A, C_f(\bar {a}) =\bar {0}\}

on

C
(
A

/

m
A
)

C(A/mA)

. We denote by

ω
(

f
a

(
m
)
)

\omega (f_a(m))

the number of distinct monic irreducible factors of

f
a

(
m
)

f_a(m)

. If

q
≠
2

q\neq 2

or

q
=
2

q=2

and

a
≠
1
,
T

a\neq 1, T

, or

(
1
+
T
)

(1+T)

, we prove that there exists a normal distribution for the quantity
\[

ω
(

f
a

(
m
)
)
−

1
2

(
log
⁡
deg
⁡
m

)
2

1

3

(
log
⁡
deg
⁡
m

)

3

/

2

.

\frac {\omega (f_a(m))-\frac {1}{2}(\log \deg m)^2}{\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}{(\log \deg m)^{3/2}}}.

\]
This result is analogous to an open conjecture of Erdős and Pomerance concerning the distribution of the number of distinct prime divisors of the multiplicative order of

b
b

modulo

n
n

, where

b
b

is an integer with

|

b

|

>
1

|b|>1

, and

n
n

a positive integer.
Nd2(WO4)3
Authors: Weil Matthias , Stöger Berthold , Aleksandrov Lyubomir 
Published: May 2009

The title compound, dineodymium(III) tris[tungstate(VI)], is a member of the Eu2(WO4)3structure family and crystallizes isotypically with other rare earth tungstates and molybdates of this formula type. The structure is a derivative of the scheelite (CaWO4) structure and can be considered as an ordered defect variant with a threefold scheelite supercell and one rare earth (RE) site unoccupied. The Nd3+cations are coordinated by eight O atoms in form of a distorted bicapped trigonal prism. The two unique W cations are tetrahedrally surrounded by O atoms. One WO4tetrahedron has 2 symmetry and is relatively undistorted whereas the other tetrahedron differs considerably from an ideal geometry. This is caused by an additional remote O atom at a distance of 2.149 (4) Å. The resulting WO4 + 1polyhedra form W2O8dimers through edge-sharing. Together with the WO4and NdO8units, the three-dimensional set-up is accomplished.
Effect of a proton pump inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib
Authors: Egorin Merrill J. , Shah Dhvani D. , Christner Susan M. , Yerk Mara A. , Komazec Kristin A. , Appleman Leonard R. , Redner Robert L. , Miller Brian M. , Beumer Jan H. 
Published: May 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Gastric upset is a side‐effect of imatinib therapy and the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors is common. With the increase in oral chemotherapy in cancer treatment, oral drug–drug interactions are becoming more relevant, as is exemplified by dasatinib which has already been shown to be absorbed to a much lesser extent when co‐administered with antacids or proton‐pump inhibitors. Because exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of anticancer drugs such as imatinib and dasatinib may result in selection of resistant clones, and ultimately relapse, we studied the effect of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Omeprazole may be co‐administered with imatinib to treat the gastric side‐effects of the latter without affecting the pharmacokinetics of imatinib and risking tumour relapse.AIMSImatinib mesylate (Gleevec®/Glivec®), which has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemias (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), has been reported to cause gastric upset. Consequently, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are frequently co‐administered with imatinib. Because PPI can elevate gastric pH and delay gastric emptying or antagonize ATP‐binding‐cassette transporters, they could influence imatinib absorption and pharmacokinetics. We aimed to evaluate whether use of omeprazole has a significant effect on imatinib pharmacokinetics.METHODSTwelve healthy subjects were enrolled in a two‐period, open‐label, single‐institution, randomized cross‐over, fixed‐schedule study. In one period, each subject received 400 mg imatinib orally. In the other period, 40 mg omeprazole (Prilosec®) was administered orally for 5 days, and on day 5 it was administered 15 min before 400 mg imatinib. Plasma concentrations of imatinib and its active N‐desmethyl metabolite CGP74588 were assayed by LC‐MS, and data were analyzed non‐compartmentally.RESULTSPPI administration did not significantly affect the imatinib area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC) (34.1 µg ml−1 h alone vs 33.1 µg ml−1 h with omeprazole, P= 0.64; 80% power), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (2.04 µg ml−1 alone vs 2.02 µg ml−1 with omeprazole, P= 0.97), or half‐life (13.4 h alone vs 14.1 h with omeprazole, P= 0.13).CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that the use of omeprazole does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of imatinib, as opposed to, for example, dasatinib where PPI decreased AUC and Cmax two‐fold.
Microtubule‐interacting drugs induce moderate and reversible damage to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Polioudaki H. , Kastrinaki M.‐C. , Papadaki H. A. , Theodoropoulos P. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: This study aimed to investigate molecular and cellular changes induced in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) after treatment with microtubule‐interacting agents and to estimate damage to the bone marrow microenvironment caused by chemotherapy.Materials and methods: Using anin vitrohMSC culture system and biochemical and morphological approaches, we studied the effect of nocodazole and taxol® on microtubule and nuclear envelope organization, tubulin and p53 synthesis, cell cycle progression and proliferation and death of hMSCs isolated from healthy donors.Results and conclusions: Both nocodazole and taxol reduced hMSC proliferation and induced changes in the microtubular network and nuclear envelope morphology and organization. However, they exhibited only a moderate effect on cell death and partial arrest of hMSCs at G2but not at M phase of the cell cycle. Both agents induced expression of p53, exclusively localized in abnormally shaped nuclei, while taxol, but not nocodazole, increased synthesis of β‐tubulin isoforms. Cell growth rates and microtubule and nuclear envelope organization gradually normalized after transfer, in drug‐free medium. Our data indicate that microtubule‐interacting drugs reversibly inhibit proliferation of hMSCs; additionally, their cytotoxic action and effect on microtubule and nuclear envelope organization are moderate and reversible. We conclude that alterations in human bone marrow cells of patients under taxol chemotherapy are transient and reversible.
3‐O‐methylfunicone, a metabolite of Penicillium pinophilum, inhibits proliferation of human melanoma cells by causing G2 + M arrest and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Baroni A. , De Luca A. , De Filippis A. , Petrazzuolo M. , Manente L. , Nicoletti R. , Tufano M. A. , Buommino E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Melanoma cells take advantage of impaired ability to undergo programmed cell death in response to different external stimuli and chemotherapeutic drugs; this makes prevention of tumour progression very difficult. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether 3‐O‐methylfunicone (OMF), a metabolite of Penicillium pinophilum, has the ability to arrest cell population growth and to induce apoptosis in A375P (parental) and A375M (metastasis derivatived) melanoma cell lines.Materials and methods:  Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 activation, and PARP‐1 cleavage.Results:  We demonstrated that OMF affected cell proliferation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, reaching the best effect at concentration of 80 µg/ml for 24 h. Flow cytometry revealed that OMF caused significant G2 phase arrest, which was associated with marked decrease in cyclin B1/p34cdc2 complex and p21 induction. OMF also induced marked decrease of survivin expression. Reduced levels of apoptosis were evident after silencing p21 expression in both cell lines. Finally, the effect exercised by OMF on hTERT and TEP‐1 gene expression confirmed the ability of this molecule to interfere with replicative ability of cells.Conclusions:  The results reported here seem to suggest that OMF as a promising molecule to include in strategies for treatment of melanoma.
Change in diel catchability of young‐of‐year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels
Authors: STAPANIAN MARTIN A. , KOCOVSKY PATRICK M. , ADAMS JEAN V. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. Non‐native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement).2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e.g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) beginning in 1987.3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young‐of‐year (age‐0) yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two‐tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (R) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961–2005.4. First, we examined seven a priori models. The first model, the ‘null’ model, represented no change in R over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in R was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two‐period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three‐period models). Three additional models included a 3‐year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two‐ and three‐period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored a posteriori. The a posteriori procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher R that were best supported by the data, without regard to a priori hypotheses.5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961–72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973–87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988–2005. During 1991–2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period.6. The best a priori model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two‐ and three‐period a posteriori models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age‐0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels.7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non‐native mussels have increased water clarity.
Quality characteristics of minimally processed leek packaged using different films and stored in lighting conditions
Authors: Ayala Fernando , Echávarri José Federico , Olarte Carmen , Sanz Susana 
Published: May 2009

SummarySince minimal processing of vegetables does not impede their capacity to react to external stimuli, this work sought to study the effect of lighting on minimally processed leek during storage. White and green cuts were processed separately and packaged using films with different permeability: a totally permeable PVC film and two P‐Plus films: P‐Plus 120 and P‐Plus 90, with O2 permeability of 8000 and 5000 cm3 m−2 24 h−1 atm−1 at 25 °C, respectively. All the packaged leek was stored at 4 °C for more than 26 days in two different conditions: in complete darkness and in light. Lighting caused an increase in stomatal aperture and respiratory rate. Thus, the white cut achieved atmospheres with higher CO2 (10%) and lower O2 (12%) content than samples packed in the same film kept in the dark. The green cut saw respiratory activity compensated by photosynthesis, and the atmosphere composition remained similar to atmospheric conditions until day 18. Lighting also affected the colour, accelerating the changes in appearance. Exposure to light had a negative effect on the quality parameters.
Autolysis and biochemical properties of endogenous proteinases in Japanese sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus)
Authors: Klomklao Sappasith , Kishimura Hideki , Benjakul Soottawat , Simpson Benjamin K. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryAutolysis of Japanese sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) was studied. The highest autolysis was observed at 60 °C. Optimal pH for autolysis was found at both acidic and alkaline pH values. Autolytic activity decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Further assay of the extract from Japanese sandfish exhibited the maximum activity at 55 °C and pH 9.5. The Japanese sandfish proteinases were markedly inhibited by pepstatin A at pH 3.5, while soybean trypsin inhibitor, PMSF and TLCK inhibited activities of proteinases at pH 9.5, suggesting Japanese sandfish proteinases were both aspartic and serine proteinases. The extracts were stable to heat treatment up to 50 °C for 15 min and still remained high relative activity after incubated at 50 °C for up to 8 h. Maximum stability of the extracts was observed between pH 6 and 11 and no changes of activity were found after incubation at pH 9.5 for up to 8 h. Activity of Japanese sandfish extract continuously decreased as NaCl concentration increased (0–30%), while activity increased as CaCl2 concentration increased. The results suggest that major proteinases in Japanese sandfish were trypsin‐like serine proteinases.
Acceleration of ageing in rice stick noodle sheets using low temperature
Authors: Satmalee Prajongwate , Charoenrein Sangunsri 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe objectives of this research were to study the effects of temperature and time on ageing of rice stick noodle sheet retrogradation, and to estimate the effect of accelerated ageing on the eating qualities of the noodles. Hardness was used as a textural index due to a good correlation between instrumental and sensory evaluation. The hardness of aged sheets significantly increased as a function of time, except at 30 °C ageing. Examination of cut surfaces of fresh sheets revealed a network formation, but the cut surfaces became smoother with ageing. Room‐temperature ageing produced a rougher surface than did 0 °C ageing. These results indicate that low‐temperature ageing can accelerate retrogradation. Noodle sheets aged for 3 h at 0 °C produced optimal hardening; moreover, noodles from accelerated ageing had a textural quality similar to that of traditionally aged noodles. This research indicates that ageing at 0 °C allows the ageing period to be reduced from 12 to 3 h without a loss in noodle quality.
Infection and disease development of Quambalaria spp. on Corymbia and Eucalyptus species
Authors: Pegg G. S. , Webb R. I. , Carnegie A. J. , Wingfield M. J. , Drenth A. 
Published: May 2009

Quambalaria spp. are eucalypt leaf and shoot pathogens of growing global importance, yet virtually nothing is known regarding the manner in which they infect and colonize their hosts. A study of the infection process of Q. pitereka and Q. eucalypti on Corymbia and Eucalyptus species was thus undertaken using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy after artificial inoculation. Conidial germination was triggered when relative humidity levels exceeded 90% and commenced within 2 h in the presence of free water. Light reduced germination but did not prevent germination from occurring. Conidial germination and hyphal growth occurred on the upper and lower leaf surfaces with penetration occurring via the stomata or wounds on the leaf surface or juvenile stems. There was no evidence of direct penetration of the host. Following penetration through the stomata, Q. pitereka and Q. eucalypti hyphae grew only intercellularly without the formation of haustoria or interaction apparatus, which is characteristic of the order Microstromatales. Instead, the presence of an interaction zone is demonstrated in this paper. Conidiophores arose through stomatal openings producing conidia 7 days after infection.
Sedimentary vs. diagenetic control on rhythmic calcareous successions (Pliensbachian of Asturias, Spain)
Authors: Bádenas Beatriz , Aurell Marc , García‐Ramos José Carlos , González Beatriz , Piñuela Laura 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe diagenetic overprint in rhythmic hemipelagic successions can either enhance or change the original distribution of CaCO3, but it is difficult to evaluate its effect because in most field examples, it is not possible to distinguish between sedimentary and diagenetic features. The rhythmic succession of the Pliensbachian of Asturias (Spain) shows alternation of bioclastic and laminated/burrowed intervals. The original content of carbonate brought by storms from shallow areas was larger in the bioclastic horizons. However, there is a widespread mismatch between facies alternations and the observed lithological rhythms. The diagenetic redistribution of CaCO3 resulted in successive limestone–marl/clay couplets that do not match (either in number or in the location of the boundaries) the sedimentary cycles defined by facies alternations. We conclude that interpreting the limestone–marl rhythms as a direct response to primary changes is highly questionable, unless there is unequivocal proof of a sedimentary origin of the alternation of the two lithologies.
The Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite: the largest (60‐km wide) and deepest (c. 70–80 km) continuous slice of oceanic lithosphere detached from a subduction zone?
Authors: Angiboust S. , Agard P. , Jolivet L. , Beyssac O. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Western Alps are a classic subduction‐related collisional orogen with well‐preserved, deeply subducted ophiolitic remnants of oceanic lithosphere. Some (e.g. Monviso, Voltri) were recognized as a palaeo‐subduction channel, with tectonic blocks showing a wide range of pressure–temperature conditions. We herein evaluate for the first time the metamorphic homogeneity of the extensive Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite. Zermatt‐Saas peak eclogitic assemblages are represented by omphacite–garnet ± phengite ± epidote ± lawsonite ± glaucophane in MORB‐derived metabasalts and garnet–chloritoid–talc ± lawsonite ± phengite in hydrothermalized metabasalts. Thermobarometric estimates with thermocalc and Raman Spectroscopy of carbonaceous material reveal homogeneous peak burial conditions at around 540 ± 20 °C and 23 ± 1 kbar. P–T paths indicate that the whole of the ophiolite, at least 60 km across, strikingly underwent similar burial and exhumation patterns and detached from the slab at depths around 80 km. The Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite thus appears to be the world’s largest oceanic lithosphere fragment exhumed from such depths, which provides important constraints on interplate coupling mechanisms.
Mountain building and exhumation processes through time: inferences from nature and models
Authors: Gapais Denis , Cagnard Florence , Gueydan Frédéric , Barbey Pierre , Ballèvre Michel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrogenic belts involving initially hot lithospheres, as exemplified by accretionary‐type orogens, commonly show distributed deformation and retrograde PT paths with a concomitant decrease in pressure and temperature. Paths may track geotherms, indicating thermal equilibrium, consistent with slow strain and exhumation rates, limited strain localization, and consequently limited topographical gradients and distributed erosion. Such patterns are more common in Precambrian times than in younger periods of the Earth history. In contrast, orogens involving initially stiff lithospheres show exhumation PT paths that track isothermal decompression reflecting high strain rates along major shear zones, a feature typical of Phanerozoic collision belts. Field evidence, analogue and numerical models emphasize that strain localization has first‐order consequences for the tectonic evolution of orogenic zones including structure, metamorphism, exhumation processes, topography, erosion and sedimentation modes.
The fate of balanced, phenotypic polymorphisms in fragmented metapopulations
Authors: CRAZE P. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn large populations, genetically distinct phenotypic morphs can be maintained in equilibrium (at a 1 : 1 ratio in the simplest case) by frequency‐dependent selection, as shown by Sewall Wright. The consequences of population fragmentation on this equilibrium are not widely appreciated. Here, I use a simple computational model to emphasize that severe fragmentation biases the morph ratio towards the homozygous recessive genotype through drift in very small populations favouring the more common recessive allele. This model generalizes those developed elsewhere for heterostylous plants and major histocompatibility complex alleles, emphasizes one particular outcome and avoids the restricting assumptions of more analytical models. There are important implications for both fundamental evolutionary biology and conservation genetics. I illustrate this with a range of examples but refer particularly to shell polymorphism in snails. These examples show how habitat fragmentation could have a direct and often unappreciated effect on species at the level of their population genetics.
Demographic and perinatal factors for behavioral problems among children aged 4–9 in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Yen‐Nan , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Tsai Wen‐Che , Soong Wei‐Tsuen , Shang Chi‐Yung 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  To investigate the effects of age, gender, prenatal/perinatal factors, and maternal psychological distress on childhood emotional/behavioral problems, and the gender difference in the patterns of comorbid emotional/behavioral problems.Methods:  The sample included 1391 children aged 4–9 in Taipei using a multi‐stage sampling method. Their mothers completed questionnaires including demographics, prenatal/perinatal variables, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Chinese Health Questionnaire. The linear and non‐linear mixed model was used for data analysis.Results:  Boys scored higher on externalizing problems, and girls scored higher on internalizing problems. Gender also modified the comorbid patterns of emotional/behavioral problems. Aggressive behaviors decreased, but attention and thought problems increased with age. Prenatal/perinatal exposure to alcohol and coffee, vaginal bleeding, and gestational diabetes, low birthweight, and postnatal incubation and resuscitation, and maternal psychological distress predicted the risk for several childhood emotional/behavioral problems.Conclusion:  Prenatal/perinatal and maternal care, and gender‐specific measures are important for prevention of childhood emotional/behavioral problems.