bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under‐reporting of food intake is frequent among Brazilian free‐living older persons: a doubly labelled water study
Authors: Ferriolli Eduardo , Pfrimer Karina , Moriguti Julio C. , Lima Nereida K. C. , Moriguti Eny K. U. , Formighieri Paulo F. , Scagliusi Fernanda B. , Marchini Julio S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe assessment of food intake is essential for the development of dietetic interventions. Accuracy is low when intake is assessed by questionnaires, the under‐reporting of food intake being frequent. Most such studies, however, were performed in developed countries and there is little data about the older population of developing nations. This study aimed to verify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of independent older Brazilians living in an urban area, through the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and to compare it with the reported energy intake obtained through the application of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Initially, 100 volunteers aged from 60 to 75 years had their body composition determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Five volunteers of each quartile of body fat percentage had their energy expenditure determined by DLW. The mean age of the subjects included in this phase of the study was 66.4 ± 3.5 years, and ten of the subjects were men. The mean TEE was 2565 ± 614 and 2154 ± 339 kcal.day−1 for men and women, respectively. The Physical Activity Level (PAL) was 1.58 ± 0.31 and 1.52 ± 0.22, respectively. Under‐reporting of food intake was highly prevalent, with a mean percentage of reported intake in relation to measured TEE of −17.7%. Thus, under‐reporting of food intake is highly prevalent among Brazilian independent older persons. The DLW method is an important tool in nutritional studies and its use is to be recommended in developing countries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testability and repair of hereditary hypergraph properties
Authors: Austin Tim , Tao Terence 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent works of Alon–Shapira (A characterization of the (natural) graph properties testable with one‐sided error. Available at: http://www.math.tau.ac.il/∼nogaa/PDFS/heredit2.pdf) and Rödl–Schacht (Generalizations of the removal lemma, Available at: http://www.informatik.hu‐berlin.de/∼schacht/pub/preprints/gen_removal.pdf) have demonstrated that every hereditary property of undirected graphs or hypergraphs is testable with one‐sided error; informally, this means that if a graph or hypergraph satisfies that property “locally” with sufficiently high probability, then it can be perturbed (or “repaired”) into a graph or hypergraph which satisfies that property “globally.”In this paper we make some refinements to these results, some of which may be surprising. In the positive direction, we strengthen the results to cover hereditary properties of multiple directed polychromatic graphs and hypergraphs. In the case of undirected graphs, we extend the result to continuous graphs on probability spaces and show that the repair algorithm is “local” in the sense that it only depends on a bounded amount of data; in particular, the graph can be repaired in a time linear in the number of edges. We also show that local repairability also holds for monotone or partite hypergraph properties (this latter result is also implicitly in (Ishigamis work Removal lemma for infinitely‐many forbidden hypergraphs and property testing. Available at: arXiv.org: math.CO/0612669)). In the negative direction, we show that local repairability breaks down for directed graphs or for undirected 3‐uniform hypergraphs. The reason for this contrast in behavior stems from (the limitations of) Ramsey theory. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Edge flows in the complete random‐lengths network
Authors: Aldous David J. , Bhamidi Shankar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConsider the complete n‐vertex graph whose edge‐lengths are independent exponentially distributed random variables. Simultaneously for each pair of vertices, put a constant flow between them along the shortest path. Each edge gets some random total flow. In the n→∞limit we find explicitly the empirical distribution of these edge‐flows, suitably normalized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Opportunity costs and non‐scale free capabilities: profit maximization, corporate scope, and profit margins
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. , Wu Brian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe resource‐based view on firm diversification, subsequent to Penrose (1959), has focused primarily on the fungibility of resources across domains. We make a clear analytical distinction between scale free capabilities and those that are subject to opportunity costs and must be allocated to one use or another, thereby shifting the discourse back to Penrose's (1959) original argument regarding the stock of organizational capabilities. The existence of resources and capabilities that must be allocated across alternative uses implies that profit‐maximizing diversification decisions should be based upon the opportunity cost of their use in one domain or another. This opportunity cost logic provides a rational explanation for the divergence between total profits and profit margins. Firms make profit‐maximizing decisions to increase total profit via diversification when the industries in which they are currently competing become relatively mature. Due to the spreading of these capabilities across more segments, we may observe that firms' profit‐maximizing diversification actions lead to total profit growth but lower average returns. The model provides an alternative explanation for empirical observations regarding the diversification discount. The self‐selection effect noted in recent work in corporate finance may not be indicative of inferior capabilities of diversifying firms but of the limited opportunity contexts in which these firms are operating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing practices for reuse in integration‐oriented software product lines and large open source software projects
Authors: van Gurp Jilles , Prehofer Christian , Bosch Jan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article compares the organization and practices for software reuse in integration‐oriented software product lines (SPLs) and open source software projects. The main observation is that both approaches are successful regarding large variability and reuse, but differ widely in their practices and organization. To capture practices in large open source projects, we describe an open compositional model, which reflects their more decentralized organization of software development. We capture key practices and organizational forms for this and validate these by comparing four case studies of this model. Two of these studies are based on published SPL case studies, for the other two we analyze the practices in two large and successful open source projects based on their published developer documentation. Our analysis highlights key differences between the practices in the two open source organizations and the more integrational practices used in the other two cases. Finally, we discuss which practices are successful in which environment and how the current practices can move towards more open, widely scoped and distributed software development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tordieren von Glasplatten – ein (kaltes) Kunststück
Authors: Staaks Dries , Niderehe Stephan , Eekhout Mick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn der heutigen Architektur sind komplexe, frei geformte Gebäudegeometrien kein Einzelfall mehr. Die Entwurfswerkzeuge der Architekten und Ingenieure lassen eine detaillierte Ausarbeitung dieser Geometrien mittlerweile zu. Während der Bauausführung verursachen diese Aufgaben jedoch öfter noch Probleme. Für Glasfassaden und ‐dächer gibt es dabei mehrere Lösungsansätze. Dieser Aufsatz geht auf eine, bis jetzt noch nicht oft angewandte Technik ein, dem kalten Verformen von Glasplatten.
Das Bauprodukt “warm gebogenes Glas” – Prüfverfahren, Festigkeiten und Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Bucak Ömer , Feldmann Markus , Kasper Ruth , Bues Martin , Illguth Marcus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWarm gebogene Glasscheiben werden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt verwendet. Die Industrie bietet warm gebogene Glasscheiben als technisch gekühlte oder thermisch vorgespannte Gläser an. Eine Weiterveredelung zu Verbundglas ist ebenfalls möglich. Aufgrund der fehlenden Produkt‐ und Anwendungsnormen für warm gebogenes Glas und aufgetretener Schadensfälle mit bisher teils ungeklärter Schadensursache bestehen in der Praxis Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der Festigkeit und der Qualitätskriterien für gebogene Glasscheiben. Das Forschungsprojekt “Tragverhalten von gebogenen Gläsern im Bauwesen” – gefördert durch das Förderprogramm FH3 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF) – untersuchte gezielt die Festigkeit und die Qualitätskriterien von warm gebogenen Glasscheiben.
Ganzglasfassade trägt Dach aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff
Authors: Haas Christoph 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEine Ganzglasfassade trägt das Dach des Empfangsgebäudes des “Novartis Campus” in Basel und stabilisiert das Gebäude gegen Wind und Erdbeben. Grundbaustein der Fassade ist ein U‐förmiges Element, bestehend aus einem Isolierglas und zwei aussteifenden Glasschwertern. Demgegenüber integriert das Dach aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK) alle Funktionen (Tragfunktion, Wasserdichtigkeit, thermische Isolation, Gestaltung etc.) in einem einzigen, monolithischen Bauteil. Besondere Beachtung gilt der Kraftübertragung zwischen Fassade und Dach, da die beiden Bauteile ein unterschiedliches thermisches Dehnungsverhalten aufweisen. Trotz der freien Dachform weist die Fassade nur drei Typen von Isolierglasgeometrien auf. Dabei folgen die Fassadenelemente der Dachgeometrie, indem sie mehr oder weniger tief in Dach und Boden versenkt werden.
Stage‐dependent toxicity of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic on the embryonic development of a South American toad, Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Aronzon Carolina M. , Sandoval María T. , Herkovits Jorge , Pérez‐Coll Cristina S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe acute and short term chronic toxicity of both the herbicide butyl ester of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and a commercial formulation (CF) were evaluated on Rhinella (= Bufo) arenarum embryos at different developmental stages. Adverse effects were analyzed by means of the isotoxicity curves for lethality, malformations, stage‐dependent susceptibility, and ultrastructural features. For all experimental conditions, the CF was more toxic, up to 10 times, than the active ingredient, being the open mouth stage (S.21) the most susceptible to the herbicide. For continuous treatment conditions, the early embryonic development was the most susceptible to 2,4‐D and the LC50s for 96 and 168 h were 9.06 and 7.76 mg L−1 respectively. In addition, both the active ingredient and the CF were highly teratogenic, resulting in reduced body size, delayed development, microcephaly, agenesis of gills, and abnormal cellular proliferation processes as the main adverse effects. According to US EPA, 2,4‐D in agricultural scenarios may be up to three times higher than the NOEC values for teratogenic effects reported in this study. Therefore, they might represent a risk for amphibians. This study also points out the relevance of reporting the susceptibility of embryos at different developmental stages to both the active ingredient and the CF of agrochemicals in order to protect nontarget organisms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
New Free Margin Oil Evaporator for Capacitor Film Metallizers (CAP/M)
Authors: Chifen Anye N. , Schmitt Christopher , Küper Stephan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper reports an innovative solution for a masking oil evaporator, Free Margin Evaporator (FME), based on flash evaporation. Particular emphasis is based on oil consumption and free margin quality. The device has been validated by data obtained under experimental and production conditions as a function of total nozzle width (m), metal layer thickness (Ohm/sq) and coating drum speed (m/s). The desired oil thickness on the web has been calculated for different coating processes.Specific advantages of the FME such as process security, oil quality, chamber contamination and cost‐savings using the new free margin evaporator are discussed. Regarding these aspects, the flash evaporator offers advantages to the web coater compared to conventional free margin oil evaporators.
Combination of PAPR reduction and linearization for the OFDM communication system
Authors: Ryu Heung‐Gyoon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used in many kinds of communication systems. However, OFDM signal has serious problem of high peak‐to‐average‐power ratio (PAPR) due to so many sub‐carriers. So, OFDM signal has very wide dynamic range. Therefore, the bit error rate (BER) performance may be degraded because of the nonlinear devices like the high power amplifier (HPA). Even if the linearization and large back‐off are used to compensate for the HPA nonlinearity, the power efficiency of the HPA is still very low since the PAPR is very high. Therefore, the PAPR reduction of the OFDM signal before the linearization would be more reasonable to improve the power efficiency and nonlinear compensation at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new combined method of SPW (sub‐block phase weighting) for PAPR reduction and linearization technique for the improvement of the power efficiency and for the nonlinear compensation of HPA. An updated SPW method is proposed to use a novel weighting factor multiplication of the complementary sequence characteristic and PAPR threshold technique. From the simulation results, it can be confirmed that BER performance is significantly improved and out‐of‐band spectrum radiations are much mitigated. Power efficiency of HPA can be enhanced since we can set small IBO (input back‐off) due to the PAPR reduction. The proposed system shows about 3 and 1 dB performance improvement than the LCP (linearized constant peak‐power)‐OFDM and LCP‐OFDM plus SPW at BER = 10−4. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Two Novel Supramolecular Architectures Constructed from [2,3‐f]Pyrazino[1,10]phenanthroline‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ning , Li Dong‐Sheng , Wang Ji‐Jiang , Zhao Jun , Meng Cai‐Xia , Wu Ya‐Pan , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo new compounds, [Ag(Hppdb)]n (1) and {[Ag2(Hppdb)2(bpe)]·5.5H2O}n(2) [H2ppdb = [2,3‐f]pyrazino[1,10]phenanthroline‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, bpe = trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene], were synthesized and characterized. In 1, Hppdb– ions link AgI cations to form an infinite 1D [–Ag–(Hppdb)–Ag–]n chain, furthermore, the dimensionality is extended to 2D layers through synergistic π–π stacking, hydrogen‐bonding and weak Ag···O interactions. Correspondingly, the dimeric [(Ag)(Hppdb)]2 subunits in 2 are connected by bpe ligands to generate a loop‐link‐shaped 1D chain motif, which is further joined through a R22(18)C–H···O hydrogen‐bonding ring to afford interesting diagonal/diagonal inclined catenation 2D + 2D → 3D supramolecular architectures. In addition, solid‐state properties such as photoluminescence and thermal stability of the two compounds were studied.
Experimental and Quantum‐Chemical Investigations of the UV/Vis Absorption Spectrum of Manganese Carbodiimide, MnNCN
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Dronskowski Richard , Glaum Robert , Tchougréeff Andreii L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe UV/Vis absorption spectrum of a single crystal of manganese carbodiimide, MnNCN, has been measured and theoretically analyzed using both the angular‐overlap model (AOM) and the effective Hamiltonian crystal field (EHCF) method. Independent from the method used, we find a somewhat higher ligand‐field splitting (10 Dq ranging from 7300 up to 8842 cm–1 depending on the estimation procedure used) compared to Mn–O chromophores and a smaller nephelauxetic ratio (β = 0.62 ÷ 0.67). In addition, the Mn–N bond within the MnIIN6 octahedra is lacking significant π interaction.
In situ Neutron Powder Diffraction on Intermediate Hydrides of MgPd3 in a Novel Sapphire Gas Pressure Cell
Authors: Kohlmann Holger , Kurtzemann Nadine , Weihrich Richard , Hansen Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel gas pressure cell for in situ neutron powder diffraction has been developed. It is based on a single crystal sapphire tube as a sample holder, allows a 360° unobstructed access by the neutron beam and has little background contribution. This device was used to study the hydrogenation of α‐MgPd3, which undergoes a hydrogen driven rearrangement from a ZrAl3 to a AuCu3 type structure. Deuterium could be located and a strong preference of [Pd6] voids was found in α‐MgPd3D0.79 under 5 bar and in α‐MgPd3D0.94 under 20 bar deuterium pressure. The crystal structure may be described as a new defect superstructure variant of the NaCl type. In situ thermal analysis under 5 bar hydrogen pressure showed that both the hydrogen uptake of α‐MgPd3, which is complete at temperatures below 450 K, and the transformation to the hydride of cubic β‐MgPd3, starting around 550 K, are exothermic. This completion of the hydrogenation‐dehydrogenation series of MgPd3 suggests, that the rearrangement of the metal structure proceeds by a hydrogen assisted gliding mechanism with a shift vector of ${1 \over 2}$[110]. This is also supported by quantum chemical calculations, which show a decohesion of the intermetallic structure upon hydrogenation accompanied by the appearance of Pd–H bonding interactions.
The Coupling of Pyridine and Dichloromethane Mediated by UO2Cl2
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Hashem Emtithal , Motevalli Majid , Ogilvie Helen V. , Walshe Aurora 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA coupling reaction between pyridine and dichloromethane has been observed in the presence of uranyl chloride and a base. The X‐ray structure of the complex bis[1,1′‐methylenebis(pyridinium)]dichloridetetrachlorodioxouranate(IV) is reported and consists of a number of H···Cl and π–π interactions to form an “open mussel” solid‐state structure.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of 4,4′‐Bipyridine Bridged Dinuclear MnII and NiII Complexes with the Ligand BMA [BMA = N,N‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)amine]
Authors: Liu Yan‐Zhao , Su Qiao‐Juan , Qiao Xin , Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Ouyang Yan , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Yan Shi‐Ping 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe directed assembly of N,N‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)amine (BMA), 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) and NiII or MnII salts resulted in the formation of the novel compounds [{Ni(BMA)(SCN)2}2]·(μ‐4,4′‐bipy)(DMSO)2 (1) and [{Mn(BMA)(SCN)2}2]·(μ‐4,4′‐bipy) (2), which were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurement. The X‐ray single‐crystal analysis reveals that 1 and 2 are discrete dinuclear compounds bridged by 4,4′‐bipy, further arranged in multidimensional supramolecular networks which are stabilized by different modes of hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. Variable‐temperature magnetic measurements (2–300 K) of 1 and 2 were modeled with magnetic coupling constants J = –0.16 and –0.022 cm–1, respectively showing the weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two metal ions in each dinuclear complex, which is also observed for similar 4,4′‐bipyridine bridging complexes.
The Phosphorus Selena Bromide α‐P4Se3Br2
Authors: Hoppe Diana , Rau Franz , Schlosser Marc , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: January 2010

AbstractYellow crystals of the phosphorus selena bromide α‐P4Se3Br2 [monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 8, a = 12.724(3) Å, b = 14.732(3) Å, c = 12.553(3) Å, β = 116.60(3)°] were obtained from the reaction of P4Se3 and bromine at 80 °C in sealed glass ampoules. The crystal structure features discrete molecules of the formula α‐P4Se3Br2 according to the well‐known α‐form of P4Ch3I2 molecules (Ch = S, Se).
MOF Formation vs. Reversible High Ligand Uptake in Anhydrous Halides: Two Opposing Aspects of {}^3_\infty[La2Cl6(4,4′‐bipy)5]·4(4,4′‐bipy)
Authors: Höller Christoph J. , Matthes Philipp , Beckmann Jens , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConstruction of the framework structure {}^3_\infty[La2Cl6(bipy)5]·4bipy (1), bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine, C10H8N2, is achieved by reaction of the anhydrous halide LaCl3 with molten 4,4′‐bipyridine. Five equivalents of bipyridine are used for the framework construction linking LaCl3 units to give an extended, three‐dimensional MOF. Furthermore, four additional equivalents of bipyridine per LaCl3 unit are incorporated within the crystalline MOF, which is thereby completely filled with bipy molecules. This compound formation results in the extraordinary high uptake of nine equivalents of bipyridine per equivalent of the formula and a volume increase of eight times the volume of LaCl3. Further heating of the MOFs results in a stepwise release of all nine equivalents of bipyridine and reformation of the anhydrous chloride at 425 °C. Formation and disassembly can be run in cycles and are reversible. Thus two interesting yet opposing aspects are the reversible construction and disassembly of the MOF framework.
A 3D Metal‐organic Framework Containing [Cd(3‐CPOA)]n (3‐CPOA2– = 3‐Carboxyphenoxyacetato Dianion) Expanded by 4,4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Deng Zhao‐Peng , Huo Li‐Hua , Gao Shan , Zhao Hui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)·4H2O with 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy) and 3‐carboxyphenoxyacetatic acid (3‐H2CPOA) afforded a 3D metal‐organic framework (MOF) [Cd(3‐CPOA)(bipy)]n·3.5nH2O, which was characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal structural analysis revealed that it has a Cds‐type topological network with 1D channels that contain encapsulated water molecular tapes.
Synthese, Kristallstrukturen und thermische Eigenschaften von 4‐Carboxylbenzolsulfonaten des Eisens, Cobalts und Zinks
Authors: Wagner Christoph , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTreatment of MSO4·7H2O (M = Fe, Co, Zn) with Ba(Hsb)2·3H2O (Hsb = 4‐carboxylbenzenesulfonate) under hydrothermal conditions led to the formation of the corresponding 4‐carboxylbenzenesulfonates [M(H2O)6](Hsb)2 [M = Fe (1), Co (2), Zn (3)]. The compounds crystallize triclinic in the space group P\bar{1} with the lattice parameters (at 220 K) a = 544,90(7) pm, b = 642,14(8) pm, c = 1570,7(2) pm and α = 90,62(1) °, β = 92,21(1) °, γ = 107,00(1) ° for complex 1; a = 541,18(7) pm, b = 639,69(8) pm, c = 1575,9(2) pm and α = 90,36(1) °, β = 92,21(1) °, γ = 106,72(1) ° for complex 2 and a = 541,38(7) pm, b = 640,20(8) pm, c = 1574,1(2) pm and α = 90,54(2) °, β = 92,20(2) °, γ = 106,81(2) ° for complex 3. The crystal structures of compounds 1–3 consist of [M(H2O)6]2+‐cations and 4‐carboxylbenzenesulfonate anions, which are connected by hydrogen bridges to give an extended 3D network structure.
The Benzotriazolate Coordination Polymer $^1_\infty$[Eu(Btz)2(BtzH)2], Containing Divalent Europium
Authors: Rybak Jens‐Christoph , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe reaction of europium metal with a melt of the amine 1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole yields single crystalline yellow $^1_\infty$[Eu(Btz)2(BtzH)2], Btz– = 1,2,3‐benzotriazolate anion, C6H4N3–, BtzH = 1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole, C6H5N3, and H2 gas. No additional solvent was used. The new compound adopts a strand‐like structure and exhibits a square anti‐prismatic coordination of europium by nitrogen atoms. As europium is divalent, this is the first example of a divalent rare earth benzotriazolate. Both benzotriazolate and benzotriazole ligands function as μ‐η1:η1 linkers between different europium atoms, their third nitrogen atom being involved in intra‐strand hydrogen bridges. Although the structure of each strand can be refined in a smaller subcell, the arrangement of strands to one another necessitates a refinement in a larger supercell.