bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid inclusions as constraints in a three‐dimensional hydro‐thermo‐mechanical model of the Paris basin, France
Authors: Gonçalvès J. , Pagel M. , Violette S. , Guillocheau F. , Robin C. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTFluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and three‐dimensional hydro‐thermo‐mechanical modelling were combined to constrain fluid flow, solute and heat transport in the Paris basin, France, focusing on the two main petroleum reservoirs i.e. the Dogger and the Triassic (Keuper) formations. The average homogenization temperatures of two‐phase aqueous inclusions in different samples range from 66 °C to 88 °C in the Dogger calcite cement, from 106 °C to 118 °C in the Keuper dolomite cement and from 89 °C to 126 °C in the Keuper quartz and K‐feldspar cements. The maximum homogenization temperatures for inclusions in the Keuper quartz and K‐feldspar cements were 17–47 °C higher than present‐day temperatures in the boreholes at similar depths. Processes that might explain higher temperatures in the past were examined through numerical simulations and sensitivity tests. A warmer climate in the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary resulted in a temperature rise of only 8 °C. Late Cretaceous chalk had a thermal blanketing effect that resulted in simulated temperatures as high as 15–20 °C above the present day ones. An additional 300 m deposition and subsequent erosion of chalk, not taken into account so far, has to be considered to simulate the high palaeo‐temperatures recorded by fluid inclusions in both reservoirs. In view of the simulated thermal history of the basin, in the Keuper, an age of about 85 Ma is consistent with quartz/K‐feldspar temperatures and an age of about 65 Ma is in agreement with the precipitation temperature of the dolomite cement. Our models suggest an age of about 50 Ma for the Dogger calcite cementation.
Genetic caste determination does not impose growth rate costs in Pogonomyrmex harvester ants
Authors: Cahan Sara Helms , Daly Amanda B. , Schwander Tanja , Arthur Woods H. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
1.
Caste determination in eusocial insects is the process by which individuals differentiate into reproducer or helper phenotypes.
2.
Environmental caste determination (ECD) is predicted to be more efficient than genetic caste determination (GCD), yet GCD occurs in several populations of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants.
3.
We tested whether GCD reduces efficiency by comparing colony growth rates of two GCD lineage pairs (H and J) with two closely related ECD congeners, P. rugosus and P. barbatus, under laboratory conditions over a range of temperatures. In addition, we directly compared metabolic rates of GCD and ECD larvae using flow‐through respirometry.
4.
Unexpectedly, colonies from GCD lineages grew faster than colonies of P. rugosus across all temperatures, and grew at the same rate as colonies of P. barbatus. Slower colony growth rates of P. rugosus were caused by lower queen fecundity and slower larval development. Variation in developmental rate was not due to differences in larval metabolic rates, which did not differ among taxa.
5.
These results suggest that GCD in Pogonomyrmex does not impose significant productivity costs during colony growth. Instead, efficiency costs are compensated by other physiological mechanisms which may or may not be directly related to the mode of caste determination.
6.
Persistence of GCD populations in contact with ECD competitors likely stems from a life‐history trade‐off favouring different taxa across the geographic range of the complex: the slow growing but starvation‐resistant P. rugosus dominates in resource‐poor regions, while faster growing and competitive GCD populations predominate in more mesic habitats.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 in the epithelium and stroma of salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Yang , Yamamoto Gou , Tachikawa Tetsuhiko 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  The balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) is involved in the morphogenesis of normal salivary gland as well as in the mechanisms of tumour invasion and metastasis. The role of MMPs and TIMPs in pleomorphic adenoma has not been elucidated sufficiently. Our aim was to analyse the mRNA and protein expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 in the epithelium and stroma of pleomorphic adenoma and to evaluate their roles.Methods and results:  In each sample from six patients, cells from the epithelium and stroma were obtained by laser microdissection. The mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMPs was determined by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMPs was significantly higher in stroma than in epithelium in most patients. MMPs and TIMPs were immunoreactive mainly in epithelium rather than in stroma.Conclusions:  Our results provide preliminary evidence that stromal myoepithelium may be the primary source of MMPs and that the stroma has the potential to play a more important role than ductal epithelium in biological behaviour of pleomorphic adenomas. These findings seem worthy of further investigation.
MUC5AC expression is increased in bronchial submucosal glands of stable COPD patients
Authors: Caramori Gaetano , Casolari Paolo , Di Gregorio Carmela , Saetta Marina , Baraldo Simonetta , Boschetto Piera , Ito Kazuhiro , Fabbri Leonardo M , Barnes Peter J , Adcock Ian M , Cavallesco Giorgio , Chung Kian F , Papi Alberto 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  Mucus expectoration is a common feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MUC5AC and MUC5B, the major mucins, are released predominantly from submucosal glands in the central airways. The aim was to investigate gland size and MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in bronchial rings from smokers with COPD compared with control groups.Methods and results:  Bronchial rings from 10 non‐smoking subjects, 20 smokers with normal lung function and 20 smokers with COPD were studied. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue histochemistry and MUC5AC and MUC5B immunohistochemistry followed by quantification of the immunoreactive area was performed. The area occupied by MUC5AC+ cells in bronchial submucosal glands was increased in COPD [20% (5.5–31.7%) gland area] compared with smokers with normal lung function [9.5% (2.5–17.5%); P < 0.05] and non‐smoking subjects [2% (0.4–6.2%); P < 0.05]. The area occupied by MUC5AC+ cells in the bronchial surface epithelium was also increased in smokers (with/without COPD) [73.5% (25–92%) epithelial area] compared with non‐smoking subjects [15% (2.7–32%); P < 0.01]. Gland size, PAS, Alcian blue staining and MUC5B expression were not significantly different among groups. MUC5AC expression correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction. MUC5AC and MUC5B expression correlated with pack‐years.Conclusions:  COPD is associated with increased MUC5AC expression in submucosal glands, indicating that MUC5AC may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.
The prognostic value of intraepithelial and stromal innate immune system cells in non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Al‐Shibli Khalid , Al‐Saad Samer , Donnem Tom , Persson Magnus , Bremnes Roy M , Busund Lill‐Tove 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  The major value of prognostic markers in potentially curable non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) should be to guide therapy after surgical resection. The prognostic significance of tumour‐infiltrating macrophages, their growth factor, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), and its receptor, colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R), as well as natural killer cells and dendritic cells, is controversial. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of these markers in the epithelial and stromal compartments of NSCLC.Methods and results:  Tissue microarrays from 335 resected NSCLC, stage I–IIIA were constructed from duplicate cores of epithelial and stromal areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate epithelial and stromal areas for CD68, M‐CSF, CSF‐1R, CD56 and CD1a. On univariate analysis, increasing numbers of stromal CD1a+ (P = 0.011) and CD56+ cells (P = 0.014) correlated significantly with improved disease‐specific survival (DSS). On multivariate analysis, stromal CD56+ cells were an independent prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio = 2.3, confidence interval = 1.1, 5.0, P = 0.031).Conclusions:  High density of stromal CD56+ cells is an independent factor associated with improved prognosis in resected NSCLC, suggesting that these cells mediate an antitumour immune response in the tumour stroma.
Coordinated expression of ER, PR and HER2 define different prognostic subtypes among poorly differentiated breast carcinomas
Authors: Fernandes Raquel C M , Bevilacqua Jose L B , Soares Ibere C , Siqueira Sheila A C , Pires Luis , Hegg Roberto , Carvalho Filomena M 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  Histological grade is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast carcinomas, but poorly differentiated neoplasms still have quite heterogeneous biological behaviour, since they can be genetically classified as basal‐like, HER2+ or even luminal. The aim was to analyse the frequency of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 expression profiles among breast carcinomas with <10% tubular formation, and their correlation with classic prognostic factors.Methods and results:  One hundred and thirty‐four samples of paraffin‐embedded tumours were studied retrospectively. The tumours were classified in to four groups by their ER/PR/HER2 profile: (i) ER+ and/or PR+ but HER2−; (ii) ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2+; (iii) ER− and/or PR− but HER2+; and (iv) ER−, PR− and HER2− (triple‐negative). The histological features of triple‐negative and HER2+ carcinomas overlap. The only difference was the expression of basal cytokeratins (basal CK), which was more frequent among triple‐negative carcinomas. Basal‐CK expression defined a more aggressive group of tumours, according to the pathological features, regardless of the immunohistochemical profile.Conclusions:  Group 1 and 2 tumours (ER+ and/or PR+ tumours with or without HER2 expression) were not statistically different, suggesting that poorly differentiated carcinomas with hormone receptors correspond to the luminal B type of tumour. Among poorly differentiated breast carcinomas, the classic profile associated with basal‐CK identifies distinct subtypes equivalent to those seen by genetic classification.
Expression profiles of thioredoxin family proteins in human lung cancer tissue: correlation with proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Fernandes Aristi P , Capitanio Arrigo , Selenius Markus , Brodin Ola , Rundlöf Anna‐Klara , Björnstedt Mikael 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer lethality worldwide. Despite recent progress, long‐term survival remains poor. The aim of this study was to explore the expression pattern of the thioredoxin superfamily of proteins as potential new diagnostic and/or predictive markers.Methods and results:  The expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), the isoforms TrxR1‐v.2,3,5, glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) and glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) was examined by immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded sections from 42 cases of non‐small cell lung cancer patients. Additional cases of lung cancer from tissue microarray were examined and the immunoreactivity was compared. All proteins except TrxR1 showed a significant correlation with the degree of differentiation in adenocarcinoma. Trx1 and TrxR1‐v.2,3,5 also showed a significant correlation with differentiation in squamous carcinoma. Furthermore, Grx1 and Grx2 showed a clear inverse correlation with proliferation. The proliferation rate was further analysed in vitro in stably transfected Grx2 overproducing cells, showing that the proliferative effect of Grx2 is strictly dependent on subcellular localization.Conclusions:  The thioredoxin family of proteins is important for growth and differentiation of lung cancer cells. The correlation with differentiation and proliferation of these enzymes makes them promising predictive/diagnostic markers.
Virtual reality Powerwall versus conventional microscope for viewing pathology slides: an experimental comparison
Authors: Treanor Darren , Jordan‐Owers Naomi , Hodrien John , Wood Jason , Quirke Phil , Ruddle Roy A 
Published: August 2009

Aims:  Virtual slides could replace the conventional microscope. However, it can take 60% longer to make a diagnosis with a virtual slide, due to the small display size and inadequate user interface of current systems. The aim was to create and test a virtual reality (VR) microscope using a Powerwall (a high‐resolution array of 28 computer screens) for viewing virtual slides more efficiently.Methods and results:  A controlled user experiment was performed to compare the Powerwall with the microscope for four types of task: (i) a simple diagnosis, (ii) a decision about a lymph node, (iii) finding small objects, (iv) scoring a tissue microarray. User behaviour was recorded by video and questionnaire. Time taken to perform all four tasks and diagnostic confidence were similar using the Powerwall and conventional microscope.Conclusions:  After just a few minutes’ familiarization, a VR Powerwall allowed tasks to be performed as quickly and confidently as a microscope. Behavioural data indicated how histopathologists should be trained to make the best use of the large display provided by the VR microscope. Together with the potential for further improvements in the design of the VR microscope, future virtual slide systems could out‐perform conventional microscopes in histopathological diagnosis.
Observation of three‐dimensional internal structure of steel materials by means of serial sectioning with ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting
Authors: FUJISAKI K. , YOKOTA H. , NAKATSUCHI H. , YAMAGATA Y. , NISHIKAWA T. , UDAGAWA T. , MAKINOUCHI A. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryA three‐dimensional (3D) internal structure observation system based on serial sectioning was developed from an ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting device and an optical microscope combined with a high‐precision positioning device. For bearing steel samples, the cutting device created mirrored surfaces suitable for optical metallography, even for long‐cutting distances during serial sectioning of these ferrous materials. Serial sectioning progressed automatically by means of numerical control. The system was used to observe inclusions in steel materials on a scale of several tens of micrometers. Three specimens containing inclusions were prepared from bearing steels. These inclusions could be detected as two‐dimensional (2D) sectional images with resolution better than 1 μm. A three‐dimensional (3D) model of each inclusion was reconstructed from the 2D serial images. The microscopic 3D models had sharp edges and complicated surfaces.
Structure and function of phage p2 ORF34p2, a new type of single‐stranded DNA binding protein
Authors: Scaltriti Erika , Tegoni Mariella , Rivetti Claudio , Launay Hélène , Masson Jean‐Yves , Magadan Alfonso H. , Tremblay Denise , Moineau Sylvain , Ramoni Roberto , Lichière Julie , Campanacci Valérie , Cambillau Christian , Ortiz‐Lombardía Miguel 
Published: August 2009

Summary Lactococcus lactis, a Gram‐positive bacterium widely used by the dairy industry, is subject to infection by a diverse population of virulent phages, predominantly by those of the 936 group, including the siphovirus phage p2. Confronted with the negative impact of phage infection on milk fermentation, the study of the biology of lactococcal provides insight from applied and fundamental perspectives. We decided to characterize the product of the orf34 gene from lactococcus phage p2, which was considered as a candidate single‐stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) due to its localization downstream of a gene coding for a single‐strand annealing protein. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that ORF34p2 is expressed in large amounts during the early phases of phage infection, suggesting an important role in this process. Gel‐shift assays, surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that ORF34p2 interacts with single‐strand DNA with nanomolar affinity. We also determined the crystal structure of ORF34p2 and showed that it bears a variation of the typical oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding‐fold of SSBs. Finally, we found that ORF34p2 is able to stimulate Escherichia coli RecA‐mediated homologous recombination. The specific structural and biochemical properties that distinguish ORF34p2 from other SSB proteins are discussed.
Gastric bypass and glucose metabolism
Authors: Ukkola O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass leads to a marked improvement of glucose control. The mechanisms are only partly known. Gastrointestinal hormones may play a role. Of these, glucagon‐like peptide 1 and peptide YY have been most consistently associated with the beneficial effects of gastric bypass on glucose metabolism and weight. In this paper, a short review of the topic is presented and a suggestion of the improvement of glucose metabolism is made based on the current published work.
Aspirin sensitivity: acetylsalicylate or excipients
Authors: Hebron B. S. , Hebron H. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present three patients who developed urticaria while taking an enteric formulation of aspirin, confirmed on a second exposure. Although hypersensitivity reactions to aspirin, especially in asthmatic patients or those with nasal polyps, are well reported, our patients did not exhibit any underlying history of atopy. Furthermore, two of the patients were able to tolerate a soluble formulation. We review the literature and discuss whether these symptoms might be caused by pharmaceutical excipients, present in very small amounts in the enteric coating, rather than the active ingredient acetylsalicylate. Adverse reactions to excipients are fortunately rare but are occasionally reported.
Age‐related changes in plasma androgen levels and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in male Japanese office workers
Authors: Fukai Shiho , Akishita Masahiro , Miyao Mariko , Ishida Kiyoshi , Toba Kenji , Ouchi Yasuyoshi 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To assess the age‐related change in plasma androgen levels in healthy middle‐aged men and whether any clinical parameters are associated with the hormonal change.Methods:  The study was comprised of male Japanese office‐workers aged 40–64 years, who had undergone an annual health check‐up in 2002 and 2007 (96 and 76 men, respectively). Body mass index and blood pressure were measured, and serum concentration of lipids, glucose and uric acid in addition to plasma total testosterone, free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) levels were determined in the morning after an overnight fast. The 5‐year hormonal changes and their associations with clinical parameters were analyzed in 33 men who repeated the examination at both check‐ups. The cross‐sectional associations of hormonal levels with clinical parameters were also investigated.Results:  Age was negatively associated with free testosterone (r = −0.399, P < 0.001 in 2002; r = −0.458, P < 0.001 in 2007) and DHEA‐S (r = −0.233, P = 0.02 in 2002; r = −0.336, P < 0.01 in 2007) but not with total testosterone, while the 5‐year changes of free testosterone and DHEA‐S levels were not significant and showed no associations with major cardiovascular risk factors. Cross‐sectionally, after adjustment for age, linear regression analysis showed a positive association between free testosterone and blood hemoglobin and a negative association between total testosterone and serum uric acid.Conclusion:  In Japanese middle‐aged men, 5‐year androgen decline is too subtle to detect, and endogenous androgen levels seem to have relatively weak association with cardiovascular risk profiles.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment of elderly highlanders in Qinghai, China II: The association of polycythemia with lifestyle‐related diseases among the three ethnicities
Authors: Okumiya Kiyohito , Sakamoto Ryota , Kimura Yumi , Ishine Masayuki , Kosaka Yasuyuki , Wada Taizo , Wada Chizu , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Ishimoto Yasuko , Hirosaki Mayumi , Kasahara Yoriko , Konno Akiko , Chen Wingling , Fujisawa Michiko , Otsuka Kuniaki , Nakashima Michiro , Wang Hongxin , Dai Qingxiang , Yang Airong , Qiao Haisheng , Gao Jidong , Li Zhanquan , Zhang Yongshou , Ge Ri‐Li , Matsubayashi Kozo 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  The objective of this study is to disclose the association of polycythemia with lifestyle‐related diseases (hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance) among the three ethnicities in Qinghai, China.Methods:  The subjects were 393 elderly people (247 Han, 97 Tibetan and 49 Mongolian) aged 60 years and more living in Qinghai (3000 m a.s.l.) in China. The associated factors with polycythemia were analyzed in the subjects. Excessive polycythemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration over 20 mg/dL.Results:  Polycythemia was associated with men, hypoxemia, obesity and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the elderly in Qinghai. Male sex was associated with polycythemia in all ethnicities. Obesity was associated with Han and Tibetan men. Glucose intolerance and activities of daily living were not directly associated with polycythemia after adjustment for sex. There were 7.9% with excessive polycythemia. Independently‐associated factors for excessive polycythemia were male sex, body mass index of 25 or more, SpO2 of less than 85%, DBP of 85 mmHg or more and Han ethnicity (vs Tibetan) by multiple logistic regression.Conclusion:  There was a close association of polycythemia with diastolic hypertension and obesity in lifestyle‐related diseases in high‐altitude elderly people. Han people had a higher hemoglobin concentration after adjustment of lifestyle‐related diseases compared with Tibetan people. The difference of hemoglobin concentration may be due to Tibetans undergoing a much longer period of adaptation than Han people. Further study is needed to disclose the association between the difference of hypoxic adaptation, lifestyle‐related diseases and chronic mountain sickness for their prevention.