bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leyton Obsessional Inventory
Authors: Cooper John 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYThe construction and development of an inventory of 69 questions dealing with the subjective assessment of obsessional traits and symptoms is described. A card-sorting procedure requiring supervision is used, which gives rise to information about feelings of resistance and interference with other activities, in addition to the straightforward answers to the questions. The resulting scores are shown to differentiate well between a group of selected obsessional patients and normals. The problem of to what extent replies to apparently specific questions in inventories and questionnaires can be interpreted as having only general significance is discussed.
Controlled observations on patterns of activity, attention, and impulsivity in brain-damaged and psychiatrically disturbed boys
Authors: Shaffer D. , McNamara Nancy , Pincus J. H. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISObjective measurements taken from boys with and without a conduct disorder and with and without associated brain injury suggest that overactivity is a function of psychiatric disturbance rather than of an abnormality of the central nervous System. Very few of the children studied were consistently overactive or inattentive. Mothers' reports of overactivity tallied with a measure of conduct disturbance but not with objective measurements of activity or attention.
Averaged evoked response in patients with psychogenic pain
Authors: Mushin Joan , Levy Raymond 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISCortical somatosensory evoked responses to stimuli of various intensities were recorded in a group of patients with a diagnosis of ‘psychogenic pain’ and in three separate control groups. Differences emerged in the relationship between stimulus intensity and response amplitude. It is suggested that patients with psychogenic pain tended to deal with small stimuli in the way in which the other groups of patients dealt with large stimuli.
Personality factors in analgesic nephropathy
Authors: Murray Robin M. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISForty-five patients with analgesic nephropathy showed a trend towards introversion and neuroticism on the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Other analgesic abusers without renal impairment also showed these traits, while controls with renal disease not due to analgesie abuse were significantly less introverted and neurotic. It is suggested that these personality traits predisposed the patients to analgesie abuse and therefore to renal damage.
Selective factors in memory. Part 1: age, sex and personality attributes
Authors: Lishman W. A. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisMaterial with pleasurable affective connotations has been found to be better recalled to a significant extent than material with unpleasant connotations in healthy volunteer subjects. Age, neuroticism and extraversion, but not sex, have proved to be associated with the variability which different subjects show in this regard. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to various theoretical constructs which seek to explain the interaction between personality variables and cognitive performance.
Comparative study of psychiatric patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and hypogonadism
Authors: Wakeling A. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisEleven psychiatric patients with Klinefelter's syndrome are described and compared with nine patients in whom psychiatric illness was associated with hypogonadism due to causes other than chromosomal abnormality. The possible role of endocrine factors in the psychopathology of Klinefelter's syndrome is discussed in the light of the clinical and physical findings.
A clinical and survey study of latah in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Chiu T. L. , Tong J. E. , Schmidt K. E. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisDuring a psychiatric survey in Sarawak, subjects demonstrating latah were examined separately, both clinically and with a questionnaire. Latah occurred only in females, mainly Malays, occasionally Ibans, and never Chinese. Fifty latah subjects were examined, seven were firmly diagnosed as being mentally ill, and another 13 demonstrated mild psychiatric disorders. Dream content indicated an overt sexual component.
Child guidance and delinquency in a London borough
Authors: Gath Dennis , Cooper Brian , Gattoni F. E. G. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISPatterns of child guidance referral and of juvenile delinquency in a metropolitan borough were examined in relation to neighbourhood and school. The two sets of rates showed similar trends among 20 electoral wards, both being related to socioeconomic indices. They also varied widely among the 100 schools in the borough, being higher for schools of low privilege in the educational system. The school rates appeared to vary independently of neighbourhood effects.
The natural history of depression in general practice: stochastic models
Authors: Dunn Graham , Skuse David 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThree statistical models are presented to describe different aspects of the natural history of depression (as recognized by a general practitioner) during a 20-year study of a single general practice. After controlling for age, the prevalence of recognized depression in men increased during the 20 years of the study (1957–76), but there was little change in women. In any given year, however, women are both more likely to become depressed than men, and are less likely to recover. The changes in prevalence are shown to be due to changes in observed incidence and recovery rates. Taking into account attendances over the previous 5 years at which a diagnosis of depression was made, the models enable one to predict, for example, incidence rates for ‘first episodes’ of recognized depression, and recovery rates for ‘chronic’ patients. In all situations there is a significant sex difference (women always being more likely to be recognized as depressed), but this difference is smaller at the end than at the beginning of the 20 years.
Psychiatric admissions and aircraft noise from London Airport: four-year, three-hospitals' study
Authors: Jenkins Linda , Tarnopolsky Alex , Hand David 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisNine thousand persons admitted to three large psychiatric hospitals, over a period of four years, were classified according to the aircraft noise exposure of their home address, using the Noise and Number Index. The analysis searched first for simple associations between exposure and admission rates, then for complex interactions with socio-economic characteristics of the area of residence. There was no common pattern of admissions across the three hospitals: in one case the rates decreased with aircraft noise; in the other two the rates increased with noise exposure. However, since in all cases the trends could be attributed to non-noise factors characteristic of the population, it was concluded that the effects of noise, if any, could only be small, weakly influencing other causal variables but not overriding them. Further analyses showed that positive associations between noise and admissions occurred in some groups and in some districts. People 45 years old and over exhibited higher admission rates than expected in the highest noise zone in one hospital. The districts where a positive trend between noise and admissions was evident were those with a higher proportion of one-person households, a higher proportion of immigrants, or a higher proportion of professionals and managers; however, these results were only found in one hospital with counterexamples in others. No strong, significant noise effect could be found. Limitations of the hospital records and specific difficulties in setting up the data for these studies are discussed.
A prospective study of life events and psychological symptoms
Authors: Andrews Gavin 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisSubjects who were initially free of psychological symptoms completed life event and symptom measures on 3 subsequent occasions 4 months apart. As expected, an association was found between symptoms and life events reported as occurring in the previous 4 months. A path analysis model was then constructed. The association between symptoms and events of the previous 4 months remained, but in neither panel did events reported as occurring more than 4 months previously predict symptoms.
Compulsory admissions in a London borough: II. Circumstances surrounding admission: service implications
Authors: Szmukler G. I. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe circumstances immediately surrounding compulsory admissions are examined. These circumstances can be seen largely to derive from the long-term psychiatric and social difficulties of patients described in Part I. A constellation of factors is identified which often limits any alternative to a compulsory admission. A number of recommendations are made based on these findings which are designed to diminish the need for compulsion in the future.
Voice pitch measurements in schizophrenia and depression
Authors: Leff Julian , Abberton Evelyn 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA monotonous voice is produced by schizophrenic patients whose expression of emotion is damped down and by patients with a severe degree of depression. Clinically, the distinction between these two diagnostic entities is virtually impossible to establish auditorily on the basis of voice quality alone. The laryngograph has been developed recently to record laryngeal activity. It was used to study voice pitch in a series of emotionally blunted and non-blunted schizophrenics, and retarded and non-retarded depressives. The frequency distributions of the laryngographic recordings were analysed to yield kurtosis scores. The group of retarded depressives had a significantly higher kurtosis score than the group of blunted schizophrenics. Hence this technique allows an objective distinction to be made between two kinds of monotonous voice produced by psychiatric patients. Furthermore, blunted schizophrenics had a higher mean kurtosis score than non-blunted schizophrenics, indicating that this measure can also be used as an objective index of blunting of affect in schizophrenia.
Screening for psychiatric disorder
Authors: Eastwood M. R. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISThe concept of screening, and in particular multiphasic screening, is being introduced into medical practice. The subject is controversial and doubts have been expressed as to ils present applicability. This article is concerned with whether screening is appropriate for psychiatric disorder and is subdivided into a review of screening in general, the distribution of psychiatric disorder, psychiatric screening instruments, an outline of a psychiatric screening survey, and, finally, the evaluation of psychiatric screening.
Personality deviance and personal symptomatology
Authors: Foulds G. A. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISIt is argued that personality deviance and personal symptomatology fall within different universes of discourse and that any individual may belong to either, neither, or both classes. In order to develop suitable measurements, distinctions are drawn between symptoms, states, deviant and normal traits, which have implications for the distributions of scores and for their stability or change over time. Measures likely to meet the criteria are illustrated. A classification is developed which incorporates those with and without the ability to cope with personal symptomatology and/or personality deviance. Some uses of the classificatory scheme and the measurements are suggested.
Effect of lithium administration on RNA metabolism in rat brain
Authors: Dewar A. J. , Reading H. W. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISAn attempt has been made to explain the changes in uric acid levels observed in the phase of manic depressive illness by suggesting that they may be a reflection of changes in brain RNA metabolism. The effect of prolonged lithium administration on RNA synthesis in rat brain and liver has been studied. Differences in the rate of turnover of brain RNA between the lithium-treated and saline control animals have been observed.
Psychopathic personality: a most elusive category
Authors: Lewis Aubrey 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISFor 150 years the diagnostic concept at first called ‘moral insanity’ has been troubling psychiatric nosologists. Initially emphasis was laid on the affective disturbance in this condition, which was unaccompanied by intellectual impairment. Then its conformity to the idea of a degenerative process became prominent. At various times its relation to epilepsy, hereditary disease, and vice and crime has held the stage. Latterly little advantage has been taken of the information provided about personality by the investigations of psychologists.
Personality disorder and the International Classification of Diseases
Authors: Shepherd Michael , Sartorius Norman 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISDespite diagnostic imprecision and terminological confusion, the concept of personality disorder remains indispensable to clinical psychiatric practice. In relation to the International Classification of Diseases the problems were examined at a seminar which formed part of the World Health Organization's programme on Psychiatric Diagnosis, Classification, and Statistics. The conclusions of the seminar are presented in this paper.
Long-term treatment of endogenous depression with nortriptyline with control of plasma levels
Authors: Kragh-Sørensen Per , Hansen Christian Eggert , Larsen Niels-Erik , Næstoft Jørgen , Hvidberg Eigill F. 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISThe study was undertaken in order to clarify the clinical pharmacological basis for a correct design of controlled trials of the prophylactic effect of tricyclic antidepressants. Twenty-two patients, successfully treated with nortriptyline (NT) in hospital for endogenous depression, continued the treatment for up to five months in the outpatient clinic. Plasma levels of NT were checked, and ratings were performed regularly. Depressive relapses, all related to low plasma levels of NT, were seen in three patients. The gas Chromatographic method, described in detail, has proved suitable for clinical routine and the results demonstrate the value of monitoring plasma levels in achieving therapeutic control.
Psychiatric inpatients in 1982: how many beds?
Authors: Fryers T. 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISUsing data collected by the Salford Psychiatric Case Register from 1 January 1968 to 1 January 1972, the current use of psychiatric inpatient beds is presented and trends discussed. Estimates are given for the likely occupancy at 1 January 1982, for short and medium stay (under one year), and long-stay (one year or more) beds. Three methods of projecting the accumulation of new long-stay patients are described and discussed. The total occupancy by 1982 is likely to be about 2·3 beds/1,000 total population, about 1·7/1,000 for long-stay patients.
Depressive syndromes and the classification of patients
Authors: Garside R. K. , Kay D. W. K. , Wilson I. C. , Deaton I. D. , Roth M. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISThe scores of 269 depressed patients on the Depressive Category-Type Scale were analysed. The distributions of component and total scores were found to be bimodal, indicating that most depressed patients can be divided into an endogenous group and another characterized by the presence of neurotic features and the absence of endogenous ones. These findings were discussed in relation to those of other investigators. The relationship between the differentiation of syndromes and the classification of patients into corresponding diagnostic groups was considered. Finally, it was suggested that it should be interesting to try to estimate, from published data, the correlation between endogenous and neurotic depression in the general population.
Salivation in affective disorders
Authors: Bolwig Tom G. , Rafaelsen Ole J. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisSpontaneous and metacholine-stimulated salivation rates were measured in endogenous depression, symptomatic depression, mania, and healthy controls. In manic-depressive patients concentrations of salivary electrolytes were measured. Salivation rates were decreased in untreated endogenous depression and mania. After remission by ECT but not by drug treatment flow rates increased towards normal values. Estimations of electrolytes revealed no specific pattern of excretion in manic-depressive patients.
Chlormethiazole, sleep, and drug withdrawal
Authors: Evans J. I. , Lewis S. A. , Tinker M. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe hypothesis that drug withdrawal delirium was related to a gross disturbance of sleep and a marked excess of REM sleep, suggested that drugs used to treat delirium should depress REM sleep. Chlormethiazole in doses over l g was found to be effective in depressing REM sleep and in blocking the REM sleep rebound when sodium amylobarbitone (400 mg) was stopped abruptly.
Psycholinguistics of schizophrenic language
Authors: Silverman Gerald 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisCloze procedures using fifth and fourth word deletions were compared for schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic speech transcripts. Both methods distinguished between the schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic speech. Fourth word deletion gave lower scores overall and this effect was significantly greater for the more disorganized schizophrenic speech. An encoding deficit involving inappropriate repetition is discussed as a possible explanation for the findings.
Motivation for drinking among men: survey of a London suburb
Authors: Edwards Griffith , Hensman Celia , Chandler Jane , Peto Julian 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThree hundred and six male subjects in a community survey reported on their ‘motivation for drinking’. Factor analysis revealed three major factors. Factor 1 relates to N (neuroticism) score, more extreme drinking, and likelihood of drink-related trouble. Factor 2 is associated with more privileged and factor 3 with less privileged class status.
Change in psychotherapy: a single case study
Authors: Shapiro D. A. , Hobson R. F. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisIn a single case study of changes during psychotherapy, the patient reported more subjective distress after interviews than before, despite evidence of improvement over six months of a treatment apparently low in ‘therapeutic conditions’. The implications of findings from this and related studies for the psychotherapeutic process are discussed.
Perception of hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Garfinkel Paul E. 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISEleven patients with anorexia and 11 matched controls were given questionnaires on hunger and satiety before and after a standard meal in order to evaluate the way in which patients with anorexia nervosa consciously recognize and describe their sensations of hunger and satiety. The findings showed that the patients perceived hunger in a manner similar to the controls, but they were more preoccupied with thoughts of food, had a stronger urge to eat, and were more anxious when hungry. The patients, unlike the controls, frequently did not describe satiety in terms of gastric fullness. The disordered perception of satiety, however, was not related to clinical outcome. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for treating anorexia nervosa.
Rehabilitation of chronic psychotic patients
Authors: Griffiths R. David 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISThis investigation was concerned with the description, treatment, and follow-up of a group of patients selected by age (18–55 years), diagnosis (psychotic), and the presence of work problems (unemployed for more than 12 months). The patients were of below average intelligence, and substantial numbers were characterized by low drive to return to work, unrealistic attitudes, a lack of self-confidence, and adverse attitudes towards the existence and extent of handicap. An evaluative and experimental study subsequently indicated that a rehabilitation programme was unsuccessful in changing attitudes and returning patients to industrial roles in the community. Aspects of outcome such as work status were predicted by earlier assessments of motivation, self-confidence, and patients' view of the presence and extent of handicap; outcome was not predicted by the initial assessments of work level, length of unemployment, intellectual level, and the realism of attitudes.
Steady-state plasma concentrations during single and multiple dosage schedules of amitriptyline
Authors: Braithwaite R. A. , Nakra B. R. S. , Gaind R. 
Published: July 2009

SYSNOPSISPlasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline concentrations were measured in a group of five adult subjects who each received two different dosage regimes of amitriptyline (Tryptizol) for 14 day periods—namely, 25 mg three times daily and 75 mg once nightly. Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during the two dosage regimes were in close accord. The daily variation in drugplasma concentrations were only minimal during the thrice daily dosage regime but during the once nightly dosage regime there was an average decline in total drug plasma concentrations (amitriptyline plus nortriptyline) of about 30%. It was concluded that antidepressant medication with amitriptyline using a single nightly dose schedule might be more reliably taken by patients without there being any significant reduction in therapeutic efficacy.
Disturbed voluntary motor activity in schizophrenic disorder
Authors: Manschreck Theo C. , Maher Brendan A. , Rucklos Mary E. , Vereen Donald R. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisAlthough motor features associated with schizophrenic disorders have been reported often, they have never been well understood and, since the introduction of neuroleptic drugs, they have been largely neglected. We report that disturbed voluntary motor activity occurs frequently among schizophrenics, is especially associated with features of formal thought disorder, but also with affective blunting, neurologic ‘soft’ signs. Certain motor and thinking abnormalities in schizophrenics may have a common pathogenetic basis.
Food antibodies in schizophrenia
Authors: Kinnell H. G. , Kirkwood E. , Lewis Catriona 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThis study investigates the validity of the suggestion that food allergy is relevant to the manifestation of schizophrenic illness. Antibodies to oats, wheat, gluten, chicken, calf and milk protein were measured in 98 schizophrenics and in 90 unaffected close blood relatives. The majority of patients were male out-patients, and most were on neuroleptic medication. Antibodies were detected in only a minority of patients.
Transient psychoses in anorexia nervosa: a report of 7 cases
Authors: Grounds Adrian 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisSeven cases of anorexia nervosa associated with a brief psychotic episode are described. The psychoses all resolved completely and were similar in their atypical form. In 5 cases an organic cause could not be established, but psychological stress may have been an aetiological factor.
Depression in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Eckert Elke D. , Goldberg Solomon C. , Halmi Katherine A. , Casper Regina C. , Davis John M. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisIn three collaborating institutions 105 hospitalized female anorexia nervosa patients were assessed for depressive symptomatology periodically during treatment. As a whole, patients were mildly to moderately depressed, being as depressed as anxious neurotics and less depressed than depressed neurotics. The more depressed patients showed a variety of characteristics, many of which have previously been shown to be indicators of poor prognosis. Over the course of treatment patients became less depressed. Weight gain was correlated with a decrease in depression.