bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of comprehensive stimulation program efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment. Clinical practice recommendations
Authors: Binetti Giuliano , Moretti Davide V. , Scalvini Chiara , di Giovanni Giuseppina , Verzeletti Chiara , Mazzini Filippo , Valent Silvia , Ghidoni Roberta , Benussi Luisa 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to identify which factors may predict the best response to a comprehensive stimulation program in patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as in their caregivers.MethodsA six‐month longitudinal study has been performed on 145 patients (55 with MCI and 90 with dementia), participating to a cognitive motor rehabilitation program, and their 131 caregivers, attending informational/psychoeducational interventions. Mini mental state examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognition, and Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change‐plus were used as primary outcome measures.ResultsSixty‐eight (46.9%) of the 145 subjects were classified as clinical responders. At baseline, responders had a significant less insight impairment, larger functional ability as well as less delusions, euphoria, and aberrant motor behaviors than the non‐responder. After 6 months along with an improvement in cognition, responders showed decrease in behavioral disturbances and severity of the disturbances. During the 6 months of analysis, stability has been observed in caregiver's burden distress. After 6 months, the caregivers of MCI responders have their burden reduced.ConclusionsThe high level of insight, the preserved functional abilities as well as the lack of severe delusions, euphoria, and aberrant motor behaviors are significant predictors of responsiveness to stimulation program. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of channel transmission losses in a dryland river reach in north‐eastern Brazil using streamflow series, groundwater level series and multi‐temporal satellite data
Authors: Costa Alexandre Cunha , Foerster Saskia , de Araújo José Carlos , Bronstert Axel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractScarcity of hydrological data, especially streamflow discharge and groundwater level series, restricts the understanding of channel transmission losses (TL) in drylands. Furthermore, the lack of information on spatial river dynamics encompasses high uncertainty on TL analysis in large rivers. The objective of this study was to combine the information from streamflow and groundwater level series with multi‐temporal satellite data to derive a hydrological concept of TL for a reach of the Middle Jaguaribe River (MJR) in semi‐arid north‐eastern Brazil. Based on this analysis, we proposed strategies for its modelling and simulation. TL take place in an alluvium, where river and groundwater can be considered to be hydraulically connected. Most losses certainly infiltrated only through streambed and levees and not through the flood plains, as could be shown by satellite image analysis. TL events whose input river flows were smaller than a threshold did not reach the outlet of the MJR. TL events whose input flows were higher than this threshold reached the outlet losing on average 30% of their input. During the dry seasons (DS) and at the beginning of rainy seasons (DS/BRS), no river flow is expected for pre‐events, and events have vertical infiltration into the alluvium. At the middle and the end of the rainy seasons (MRS/ERS), river flow sustained by base flow occurs before/after events, and lateral infiltration into the alluvium plays a major role. Thus, the MJR shifts from being a losing river at DS/BRS to become a losing/gaining (mostly losing) river at MRS/ERS. A model of this system has to include the coupling of river and groundwater flow processes linked by a leakage approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hydro‐economic modelling framework for flood damage estimation and the role of riparian vegetation
Authors: Kourgialas Nektarios N. , Karatzas George P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA modelling framework for the quick estimate of flood inundation and the resultant damages is developed in this paper. The model, called the flood economic impact analysis system (FEIAS), can be applied to a river reach of any hydrogeological river basin. For the development of the integrated modelling framework, three models were employed: (1) a modelling scheme based on the Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN model that was developed for any geomorphological river basin, (2) a river flow/floodplain model, and (3) a flood loss estimation model. The first sub‐model of the flood economic impact analysis system simulates the hydrological processes for extended periods of time, and its output is used as input to a second component, the river/floodplain model. The hydraulic model MIKE 11 (quasi‐2D) is the river/floodplain model employed in this study. The simulated flood parameters from the hydraulic model MIKE 11 (quasi‐2D) are passed, at the end of each time step, to a third component, the flood loss model for the estimation of flood damage. In the present work, emphasis was given to the seasonal variation of Manning's coefficient (n), which is an important parameter for the determination of the flood inundation in hydraulic modelling. High values of Manning's coefficient for a channel indicate high flow resistance. The riparian vegetation can have a large impact on channel resistance. The modelling framework developed in this paper was used to investigate the role of riparian vegetation in reducing flood damage. Moreover, it was used to investigate the influence of cutting riparian vegetation scenarios on the flow characteristics. The proposed framework was applied to the downstream part of the Koiliaris River basin in Crete, Greece, and was tested and validated with historical data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observing lingering hyporheic storage using electrical resistivity: variations around stream restoration structures, Crabby Creek, PA
Authors: Toran Laura , Nyquist Jonathan E. , Fang Allison C. , Ryan Robert J. , Rosenberry Donald O. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTime‐lapse geophysical surveys can map lingering hyporheic storage by detecting changes in response to saline tracer. Tracer tests were conducted in Crabby Creek, an urban stream outside Philadelphia, to examine the influence of stream restoration structures and variable sediment thickness. We compared electrical resistivity surveys with extensive well sampling (57 wells) in two 13.5‐m‐long reaches, each with a step drop created by a J‐hook. The two step drops varied in tracer behaviour, based on both the well data and the geophysical data. The well data showed more variation in arrival time where the streambed sediment was thick and was more uniform where sediment was thin. The resistivity in the reach with thin sediment showed lingering tracer in the hyporheic zone both upstream and downstream from the J‐hook. In the second reach where the sediment was thicker, the lingering tracer in the hyporheic zone was more extensive downstream from the J‐hook. The contrasting results between the two reaches from both methods suggested that sediments influenced hyporheic exchange more than the step at this location. Resistivity inversion differed from well data in both reaches in that it showed evidence for tracer after well samples had returned to background, mapping lingering tracer either upstream or downstream of a step. We conclude that resistivity surveys may become an important tool for hyporheic zone characterization because they provide information on the extent of slow moving fluids in the hyporheic zone, which have the potential to enhance chemical reactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autophagy in toxicology: self‐consumption in times of stress and plenty
Authors: Bolt Alicia M. , Klimecki Walter T. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAutophagy is a critical cellular process orchestrating the lysosomal degradation of cellular components in order to maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to cellular stress. A growing research effort over the last decade has proven autophagy to be essential for constitutive protein and organelle turnover, for embryonic/neonatal survival and for cell survival during conditions of environmental stress. Emphasizing its biological importance, dysfunctional autophagy contributes to a diverse set of human diseases. Cellular stress induced by xenobiotic exposure typifies environmental stress, and can result in the induction of autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism. An increasing number of xenobiotics are notable for their ability to modulate the induction or the rate of autophagy. The role of autophagy in normal cellular homeostasis, the intricate relationship between cellular stress and the induction of autophagy, and the identification of specific xenobiotics capable of modulating autophagy, point to the importance of the autophagic process in toxicology. This review will summarize the importance of autophagy and its role in cellular response to stress, including examples in which consideration of autophagy has contributed to a more complete understanding of toxicant‐perturbed systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl)adenine, a urinary DNA adduct formed in mice exposed to high concentrations of benzene
Authors: Mikeš Petr , Šístek Václav , Krouželka Jan , Králík Antonín , Frantík Emil , Mráz Jaroslav , Linhart Igor 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTMetabolism of benzene, an important environmental and industrial carcinogen, produces three electrophilic intermediates, namely, benzene oxide and 1,2‐ and 1,4‐benzoquinone, capable of reacting with the DNA. Numerous DNA adducts formed by these metabolites in vitro have been reported in the literature, but only one of them was hitherto identified in vivo. In a search for urinary DNA adducts, specific LC‐ESI‐MS methods have been developed for the determination in urine of six nucleobase adducts, namely, 7‐phenylguanine, 3‐phenyladenine, 3‐hydroxy‐3,N4‐benzethenocytosine, N2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)guanine, 7‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)guanine and 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐adenine (DHPA), with detection limits of 200, 10, 260, 50, 400 and 200 pg ml−1, respectively. Mice were exposed to benzene vapors at concentrations of 900 and 1800 mg m−3, 6 h per day for 15 consecutive days. The only adduct detected in their urine was DHPA. It was found in eight out of 30 urine samples from the high‐exposure group at concentrations of 352 ± 146 pg ml−1 (mean ± SD; n = 8), whereas urines from the low‐exposure group were negative. Assuming the DHPA concentration in the negative samples to be half of the detection limit, conversion of benzene to DHPA was estimated to 2.2 × 10−6% of the absorbed dose. Thus, despite the known high mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of benzene, only traces of a single DNA adduct in urine were detected. In conclusion, DHPA is an easily depurinating adduct, thus allowing indication of only high recent exposure to benzene, but not long‐term damage to DNA in tissues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic targets of some toxicologically relevant metals: a review of the literature
Authors: Cheng Tsu‐Fan , Choudhuri Supratim , Muldoon‐Jacobs Kristi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe term epigenetics was coined in the context of developmental studies, but the meaning of the term has evolved over time. Epigenetic modulators of gene expression are now known to include DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and noncoding RNAs. The observation that epigenetic changes can be transmitted transgenerationally makes the science of epigenetics very relevant to the field of environmental and molecular toxicology. Heavy metals constitute an important class of environmental contaminants that have been known to influence gene expression directly by binding various metal response elements in the target gene promoters. Recent research suggests that metals can also influence gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms; this adds a new twist to the complexity of metal‐mediated gene expression. Here, we review recent studies that investigate the epigenetic, gene expression, and biological effects of various inorganic and organic forms of heavy metals, such as cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium, methylmercury, lead, copper and organotin compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The genetic toxicity of methylphenidate: a review of the current literature
Authors: Morris Suzanne M. , Petibone Dayton M. , Lin Wei‐Jiun , Chen James J. , Vitiello Benedetto , Witt Kristine L. , Mattison Donald R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common children's behavioral disorder, is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The disorder is thought to stem from abnormalities in the catecholamine pathway and the symptoms of the disorder have been successfully treated with methylphenidate (MPH) since the FDA approved the drug in the 1950s. MPH underwent the appropriate safety testing as part of the FDA approval process; however, a publication in 2005 that reported significant increases in cytogenetic damage in the lymphocytes of MPH‐treated pediatric patients caused concern for patients and their families, the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. This communication will review the many studies that were subsequently initiated worldwide to address the genetic safety of MPH in both animal models and human subjects. Animal experiments broadened the study protocols used in the 2005 investigation to include a wider dose‐range, a longer treatment period and automated scoring of biological endpoints, where possible, to reduce observer bias. The human subject studies replicated the experimental design used in the 2005 study, but increased the treatment periods and the sizes of the study populations. Neither the laboratory animal nor human subject studies found an increase in any of the measures of genetic damage that were evaluated. Taken together, these new studies are consistent with the original safety evaluation of the FDA and do not support the hypothesis that MPH treatment increases the risk of genetic damage in ADHD patients. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Chromatographic determination of drugs of abuse in vitreous humor using solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Fernández Purificación , Seoane Santiago , Vázquez Cristina , Tabernero María Jesús , Carro Antonia M. , Lorenzo Rosa A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA simple method is presented for the simultaneous determination of morphine, 6‐acetylmorphine, codeine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, methadone and 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in vitreous humor by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector after solid‐phase extraction with Oasis® HLB cartridges and dichloromethane as eluent. The chromatographic process was carried out using an XTerra® RP8 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and pH 6.5 phosphate buffer in gradient mode. A linear response from the detector was obtained within the concentration range of 0.1–4 µg ml−1, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection were lower than 30 ng ml−1 for all the drugs studied, the coefficients of variation fluctuated between 0.1 and 12.4%, and the average recoveries were higher than 78% for all the drugs except for EDDP, with a value of 66.4%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to 15 vitreous humor samples coming from individuals who had died from opiate and/or cocaine overdose, showing consumption of cocaine in 14 cases, methadone in five cases and heroin in three cases. Average concentrations of 0.30 µg ml−1 for morphine, 0.24 µg ml−1 for 6‐acetylmorphine, 0.10 µg ml−1 for codeine, 0.81 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 1.26 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine, 0.15 µg ml−1 for cocaethylene, 0.11 µg ml−1 for methadone and 0.68 µg ml−1 for EDDP were obtained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of the early inflammatory‐mediated cellular responses of fracture healing in vitro using platelet releasate‐containing alginate/CaPO4 biomaterials for early osteoarthritis prevention
Authors: McCanless Jonathan D. , Jennings Lisa K. , Cole Judith A. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA significant gap exists in our understanding of subchondral and cancellous bone changes that may regulate osteoarthritis progression. Herein, we complement our prior osteochondrogenesis work with growth factor elution and monocyte and endothelial cell activation using two biomaterial formulations. The design of these biomaterials was inspired by the roles of a fracture hematoma, more specifically, the potential of significant cross‐talk among cells and cellular factors that affect bone remodeling. Biomaterials, referred to herein as F1+ and F2+, are human concentrated platelet releasate‐containing alginate/beta‐tricalcium phosphate composites. F1+ has a higher calcium phosphate volume percentage and lower alginate polymer weight percent hydrogel versus F2+. The majority of releasate‐derived platelet‐derived growth factor eluted over 24 h for F1+ and 48 h for F2+, suggesting sustained release with an increase in alginate weight percentage. Simple monocyte and endothelial cell migration studies demonstrated 650% and 900% increases with F1+ eluate over medium alone, respectively. Induction of endothelial cell invasion over supplemented medium positive control was also shown for F2+ eluate (p = 0.03) with F1+ eluate being similar to the control. Monocyte transendothelial migration was increased over 300% and 400% for F1+ and F2+ eluates compared with medium alone, respectively. In addition, F1+ and F2+ eluates induced spontaneous endothelial tube formations similar to supplemented medium, demonstrating a well‐formed network of capillary‐like structures. This work demonstrated our biomaterial formulations ability to induce characteristics in vitro that parallel the in vivo behavior of fracture hematomas and potential to induce bone remodeling for the early treatment of osteoarthritic joints. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum trafficking errors by different classes of mutant dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) cause dominant negative effects in both dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia by entrapping normal DSPP
Authors: von Marschall Zofia , Mok Seeun , Phillips Matthew D , McKnight Dianalee A , Fisher Larry W 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Families with nonsyndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and the milder, dentin dysplasia (DD), have mutations in one allele of the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene. Because loss of a single Dspp allele in mice (and likely, humans) causes no dental phenotype, the mechanism(s) underling the dominant negative effects were investigated. DSPP mutations occur in three classes. (The first class, the mid-leader missense mutation, Y6D, was not investigated in this report.) All other 5′ mutations of DSPP result in changes/loss in the first three amino acids (isoleucine-proline-valine [IPV]) of mature DSPP or, for the A15V missense mutation, some retention of the hydrophobic leader sequence. All of this second class of mutations caused mutant DSPP to be retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of transfected HEK293 cells. Trafficking out of the rER by coexpressed normal DSPP was reduced in a dose-responsive manner, probably due to formation of Ca2+-dependent complexes with the retained mutant DSPP. IPV-like sequences begin many secreted Ca2+-binding proteins, and changing the third amino acid to the charged aspartate (D) in three other acidic proteins also caused increased rER accumulation. Both the leader-retaining A15V and the long string of hydrophobic amino acids resulting from all known frameshift mutations within the 3′-encoded Ca2+-binding repeat domain (third class of mutations) caused retention by association of the mutant proteins with rER membranes. More 5′ frameshift mutations result in longer mutant hydrophobic domains, but the milder phenotype, DD, probably due to lower effectiveness of the remaining, shorter Ca2+-binding domain in capturing normal DSPP protein within the rER. This study presents evidence of a shared underlying mechanism of capturing of normal DSPP by two different classes of DSPP mutations and offers an explanation for the mild (DD-II) versus severe (DGI-II and III) nonsyndromic dentin phenotypes. Evidence is also presented that many acidic, Ca2+-binding proteins may use the same IPV-like receptor/pathway for exiting the rER. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel hydrometallurgy of molybdenite concentrate and its kinetics
Authors: Cao Zhan‐fang , Zhong Hong , Jiang Tao , Wang Shuai , Liu Guang‐yi , Xia Liu‐yin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenite, with the decline of high‐grade and easily handled molybdenum minerals. In this work, the technology of molybdenum extraction from molybdenite concentrate using sodium chloride electrolyte and its kinetics have been investigated.RESULTS: The results show that leaching temperature, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid concentration significantly affected molybdenum extraction compared with other experimental parameters. With a NaClO3 concentration of 320.39 g L−1; sulfuric acid concentration of 73.3 g L−1, a liquid‐solid ratio of 5:1, temperature 70 °C, agitation speed 500 rpm, the molybdenum dissolution rate achieved was 99.67% in 240 min. The activation energy of the dissolution reaction was 104.57 kJ mol−1.CONCLUSION: The synthesized sodium chlorate electrolyte, an effective leaching agent, was used directly for the treatment of molybdenite concentrate. Removal of the crystallization and purification of sodium chlorate significantly reduced production costs. The results indicated that the inner diffusion and external diffusion control models were not suitable for this leaching reaction and the dissolution process was controlled by chemical reaction. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Electricity generation from seafood wastewater in a single‐ and dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell with CoTMPP oxygen‐reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Sun Hong‐Liang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: To make the treatment of seafood wastewater more economical and sustainable, this study aims to examine electricity generation and simultaneous degradation of organic substances from seafood wastewater in single‐chamber (SC) and dual‐chamber (DC) microbial fuel cell (MFC).RESULTS: By supplying the MFCs with seafood wastewater, the maximum power density produced from the SCMFC was higher than that produced from the DCMFC, which is a consequence of the difference in internal resistance of the two systems. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen catalyzed by C/CoTMPP was comparable with that promoted by commercial C/Pt catalyst. The SCMFC achieved higher organic degradation than the DCMFC, which corresponded to less accumulation of volatile fatty acids being decomposed aerobically promoted by the oxygen diffused from the cathode in the absence of the membrane. Owing to electron losses via aerobic decomposition rather than the electricity‐producing pathway, the higher removal efficiency was in line with the low coulombic efficiency. In addition, the DCMFC having a membrane had a more severe pH polarization than the SCMFC without the membrane.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a conceptual demonstration of sustainable utilization of seafood wastewater while carrying out biological decomposition in an MFC system in an economical manner. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry