bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation Between High‐Grade Glioma and Brain Metastasis Using Cerebral Perfusion‐Related Parameters (Cerebral Blood Volume and Cerebral Blood Flow): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Perfusion‐weighted MRI Techniques
Authors: Mohammadi Sana , Ghaderi Sadegh , Jouzdani Ali Fathi , Azinkhah Iman , Alibabaei Sanaz , Azami Mobin , Omrani Vida 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDistinguishing high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) from brain metastases (BMs) using perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) remains challenging. PWI offers quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), but optimal PWI parameters for differentiation are unclear.PurposeTo compare CBF and CBV derived from PWIs in HGGs and BMs, and to identify the most effective PWI parameters and techniques for differentiation.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.PopulationTwenty‐four studies compared CBF and CBV between HGGs (n = 704) and BMs (n = 488).Field Strength/SequenceArterial spin labeling (ASL), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE), and dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced (DSCE) sequences at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.AssessmentFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, four major databases were searched from 2000 to 2024 for studies evaluating CBF or CBV using PWI in HGGs and BMs.Statistical TestsStandardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs was used. Risk of bias (ROB) and publication bias were assessed, and I2 statistic was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. A P‐value<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsHGGs showed a significant modest increase in CBF (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.05–0.69) and CBV (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.01–0.51) compared with BMs. Subgroup analysis based on region, sequence, ROB, and field strength for CBF (HGGs: 375 and BMs: 222) and CBV (HGGs: 493 and BMs: 378) values were conducted. ASL showed a considerable moderate increase (50% overlapping CI) in CBF for HGGs compared with BMs. However, no significant difference was found between ASL and DSC (P = 0.08).Data ConclusionASL‐derived CBF may be more useful than DSC‐derived CBF in differentiating HGGs from BMs. This suggests that ASL may be used as an alternative to DSC when contrast medium is contraindicated or when intravenous injection is not feasible.Level of Evidence1.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Value of a secretomic approach for distinguishing patients with COVID‐19 viral pneumonia among patients with respiratory distress admitted to intensive care unit
Authors: Blangy‐Letheule Angélique , Vergnaud Amandine , Dupas Thomas , Habert Damien , Montnach Jérôme , Oulehri Walid , Hassoun Dorian , Denis Manon , Lecomte Jules , Persello Antoine , Roquilly Antoine , Courty José , Seve Michel , Leroux Aurélia A. , Rozec Bertrand , Bourgoin‐Voillard Sandrine , De Waard Michel , Lauzier Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn intensive care units, COVID‐19 viral pneumonia patients (VPP) present symptoms similar to those of other patients with Nonviral infection (NV‐ICU). To better manage VPP, it is therefore interesting to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of viral pneumonia and to search for biomarkers that may clarify the diagnosis. The secretome being a set of proteins secreted by cells in response to stimuli represents an opportunity to discover new biomarkers. The objective of this study is to identify the secretomic signatures of VPP with those of NV‐ICU. Plasma samples and clinical data from NV‐ICU (n = 104), VPP (n = 30) or healthy donors (HD, n = 20) were collected at Nantes Hospital (France) upon admission. Samples were enriched for the low‐abundant proteins and analyzed using nontarget mass spectrometry. Specifically deregulated proteins (DEP) in VPP versus NV‐ICU were selected. Combinations of 2 to 4 DEPs were established. The differences in secretome profiles of the VPP and NV‐ICU groups were highlighted. Forty‐one DEPs were specifically identified in VPP compared to NV‐ICU. We describe five of the best combinations of 3 proteins (complement component C9, Ficolin‐3, Galectin‐3‐binding protein, Fibrinogen alpha, gamma and beta chain, Proteoglycan 4, Coagulation factor IX and Cdc42 effector protein 4) that show a characteristic receptor function curve with an area under the curve of 95.0%. This study identifies five combinations of candidate biomarkers in VPP compared to NV‐ICU that may help distinguish the underlying causal molecular alterations.
Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves the long COVID
Authors: Tang Yuling , Zou Xiao , Liu Ping , Dai Yanni , Wang Siqi , Su Xian , Yu Yan , Tang Wenfang , Zhou Jia , Li Chuang , Mei Hua , Xiao Na , Ou Yangqi , Wang Jian , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Cheng Lamei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNo effective treatments can ameliorate symptoms of long COVID patients. Our study assessed the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) in the treatment of long COVID patients. Ten long COVID patients were enrolled and received intravenous infusions of UC‐MSCs on Days 0, 7, and 14. Adverse events and clinical symptoms were recorded, and chest‐high‐resolution CT (HRCT) images and laboratory parameters were analyzed. During UC‐MSCs treatment and follow‐up, we did not observe serious adverse events, the symptoms of long COVID patients were significantly relieved in a short time, especially sleep difficulty, depression or anxiety, memory issues, and so forth, and the lung lesions were also repaired. The routine laboratory parameters did not exhibit any significant abnormalities following UC‐MSCs transplantation (UMSCT). The proportion of regulatory T cells gradually increased, but it was not statistically significant until 12 months. The proportion of naive B cells was elevated, while memory B cells, class‐switched B‐cells, and nonswitched B‐cells decreased at 1 month after infusion. Additionally, we observed a transient elevation in circulating interleukin (IL)−6 after UMSCT, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐17A, and IL‐10 showed no significant changes. The levels of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) M increased significantly at month 2, while IgA increased significantly at month 6. Furthermore, the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels remained consistently high in all patients at Month 6, and there was no significant decrease during the subsequent 12‐month follow‐up. UMSCT was safe and tolerable in long COVID patients. It showed potential in alleviating long COVID symptoms and improving interstitial lung lesions.
Proteomics in orthopedic research: Recent studies and their translational implications
Authors: Li George , Stampas Argyrios , Komatsu Yoshihiro , Gao Xueqin , Huard Johnny , Pan Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProteomics is a growing field that offers insights into various aspects of disease processes and therapy responses. Within the field of orthopedics, there are a variety of diseases that have a poor prognosis due to a lack of targeted curative therapy or disease modifying therapy. Other diseases have been difficult to manage in part due to lack of clinical biomarkers that offer meaningful insight into disease progression or severity. As an emerging technology, proteomics has been increasingly applied in studying bone biology and an assortment of orthopedics related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteosarcoma and bone tumors, osteoporosis, traumatic bone injury, spinal cord injury, hip and knee arthroplasty, and fragile healing. These efforts range from mechanistic studies for elucidating novel insights in tissue activity and metabolism to identification of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. The knowledge gained from these proteomic and functional studies has provided unique perspectives in studying orthopedic diseases. In this review, we seek to report on the current state of the proteomic study in the field of orthopedics, overview the advances in clinically applicable discoveries, and discuss the opportunities that may guide us for future research.
Ecosystem service trade‐offs and synergies and their drivers in severely affected areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, China
Authors: Huang Longsheng , Du Yi , Tang Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe suddenness and destructive power of earthquake disasters pose significant threats to ecosystems. Understanding the changes in post‐earthquake ecosystem services and the complex relationships of their trade‐offs and synergistic effects is crucial for post‐disaster recovery and achieving a holistic and sustainable balance of human well‐being. However, quantifying post‐disaster ecosystem services and these intricate relationships, as well as probing the mechanisms behind their formation from a spatial perspective, remain challenging. This study presents a comprehensive framework that integrates spatial statistical methods, the InVEST model, geodetectors, and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model (MGWR) to quantify trade‐offs and synergistic effects among ecosystem services before and after earthquakes, and to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of these relationship effects with various driving factors. Results indicate (1) Typical ecosystem services, that is, water yield, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality, have more weak trade‐off effects and fewer synergistic effects. These relationship intensities vary considerably spatially, demonstrating some agglomerative distribution, suggesting that the ecosystem has not yet recovered to a good state after the quake; (2) The impact of different factors on the trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services varies. Interaction effects of driving factors are stronger than singular effects. Relationships between soil conservation and other ecosystem services are primarily influenced by topography and climate. Relationships involving carbon storage are mainly affected by vegetation and climate, while those concerning habitat quality are attributed mostly to human and climatic factors; (3) In the modeling process, considering the different spatial scales of driving factors, MGWR outperforms the Geographically Weighted Regression in explaining the relationship between ecosystem services and driving factors. Moreover, several spatially feasible and targeted ecological measures are proposed to enhance the synergy among ecosystem services. By focusing on the changes in ecosystem services, this study reveals the intrinsic mechanisms of trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services, offering insights for related studies in other regions.
Role of root exudates on the transformation and ecological effect of engineering nanomaterials in soil system: A critical review
Authors: Wei Xiaohe , Miao Xinyu , Zhou Qixing , Ouyang Shaohu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for soil remediation and nano‐enabled sustainable agriculture, there is a growing concern regarding the behavior and fate of ENMs released into soil systems in the presence of natural root exudates (REs). Herein, we investigate the influence of REs on the fate and ecological effect of ENMs from a comprehensive perspective. We summarize the key roles reported in the literature for REs in physical changes (e.g., adsorption, dispersion/aggregation), chemical changes (e.g., oxidation/redox reactions, and dissolution), and biotransformation of ENMs, which will further determine the ecological risk of ENMs in natural soil systems. Moreover, this review highlights the potential adverse effects of ENMs on different soil organisms (e.g., bacteria, plants, and eisenia foetida) in the presence of REs. The remaining unclear mechanisms (e.g., oxidative stress and DNA damage) of ENMs toxicity at the cellular level influenced by REs are reviewed and presented. Finally, the review concludes by addressing the current knowledge gaps and challenges in this field.
pCO2 variation in ice‐covered regions of the Arctic Ocean from the summer 2022 observation
Authors: Mo Ahra , Park Keyhong , Kim Tae‐Wook , Hahm Doshik , Choi Jung‐Ok , Geum Sohyeon , Jung Jinyoung , Yang Eun Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo enhance our understanding of the carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean, comprehensive observational data are crucial, including measurements from the underlying ice water. This study proposed a practical method for calibrating pCO2 sensor using measured dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. Our findings suggested the minimum number of bottle samples needed for calibration to ensure 1% accuracy. Additionally, we identified the significant role of a decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon due to photosynthesis and the increase in buffer capacity of the seawater from the release of excess alkalinity by sea ice in regulating pCO2. The mean air–sea CO2 fluxes were −48.9 ± 44.6, −7.3 ± 14.6, and −1.4 ± 2.8 mmol m−2 d−1 in the southern Chukchi Sea, northern Chukchi Sea, and northern East Siberian Sea, respectively. We found a robust negative correlation between the flux and sea ice concentration in the Arctic Sea ice regions.
Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Isolated Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia: A Possible Contributor to Pain, Movement and Disability
Authors: de‐la‐Hoz‐López Diego , Gómez‐Mayordomo Víctor , Cuadrado María L. , García‐Ramos Rocío , Alonso‐Frech Fernando , de‐la‐Hoz José L. , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , López‐Valdés Eva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyofascial trigger points (TrPs) are hypersensitive points located in a tight band of muscle that, when palpated, produce not only local pain but also referred (distant) pain. The role of TrPs in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo identify the presence of TrPs in patients with isolated idiopathic CD and their association with pain.MethodsThirty‐one patients (74.2% women; age: 61.2 years, SD: 10.1 years) participated. TrPs were explored in the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, anterior scalene, suboccipital, and infraspinatus muscles. Clinical features of CD were documented as well as the presence of pain. The severity of dystonia and its consequences were assessed using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS).ResultsThe mean number of TrPs for each patient was 12 (SD:3), with no differences between patients with pain (n = 20) and those without pain (n = 11). Active TrPs were only found in patients with pain (mean: 7.5, SD:4). Latent TrPs were found in both groups but were more prevalent (P < 0.001) in patients without pain (mean: 11, SD:3.5) than in those with pain (mean: 5, SD:3.5). The number of active TrPs or latent TrPs was positively associated with the TWSTRS disability subscale and the TWSTRS total score. The number of active, but not latent, TrPs was associated with worse scores on the TWSTRS pain subscale.ConclusionActive TrPs were present in patients with CD reporting pain, while latent TrPs were present in all CD patients, irrespective of their pain status. The numbers of active/latent TrPs were associated with disability. TrPs could act as pain generators in CD and also contribute to the involuntary muscle contractions characteristic of dystonia.
Strategic interactions and market dynamics in the intelligent connected vehicle industry: An analysis of technology sharing, value co‐creation, and market competition
Authors: Ma Mingpu , Sun Wenjie , Zhao Jianing , Li Xiufeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper utilizes a game theory model to investigate the interplay of cooperation and competition between smart vehicle companies (the incumbents) and traditional vehicle companies (the entrants) in the intelligent connected vehicle industry. The results show that technology sharing emerges as a critical factor in improving business performance and driving market expansion. Additionally, the collaborative endeavors of competitive firms, coupled with consumer involvement, play a crucial role during the value co‐creation phase of new products, significantly impacting company efficiency and consumer satisfaction. Drawing on case studies such as Tesla further corroborates our management insights.
The experiences of patients with musculoskeletal conditions accessing first contact physiotherapy practitioner appointments in general practice in the UK: A qualitative study
Authors: Lamb Kirsten , Comer Christine , Walsh Nicola , Smith Julia , Tang Krystal , McHugh Gretl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFirst Contact Physiotherapy Practitioners (FCPPs) provide expert care for patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in General Practice. Access to FCPPs can facilitate timely care and efficient use of health services. However, there is little evidence about patient experiences of accessing FCPP appointments.ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of patients with MSK conditions who have accessed an FCPP appointment in a General Practice setting in the UK.DesignExploratory qualitative design.MethodsPatients with MSK conditions who had experience of accessing FCPP appointments were recruited via social media. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted and recorded via MS Teams. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsOf 13 patients interviewed, there were 10 females and three males, with an age range between 20 and 80 years. The main themes identified were: (1) Awareness of FCPP, (2) Access routes, (3) Facilitators to access, (4) Barriers to access, (5) Likelihood of re‐accessing FCPP. Awareness of FCPP was generally low amongst participants. There were a variety of routes to access FCPP appointments; some were felt to be sub‐optimal by participants. Facilitators included quick/easy access to FCPP. Barriers included difficulty contacting General Practitioner (GP) surgeries and public perception of needing to see a GP initially. The likelihood of re‐consultation with a FCPP was low when participants had disappointing care experiences.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence about patient experiences of accessing FCPP. It explores positive and negative aspects of access from patients' perspectives. It also highlights areas for improvement in terms of GP staff/patient awareness and understanding of FCPP.
Efgartigimod in refractory autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Remijn‐Nelissen Linda , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Ruiter Annabel M. , Campman Yvonne J. M. , Verschuuren Jan J. G. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsEfgartigimod, a neonatal Fc‐receptor inhibitor, has recently been approved as treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG). In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to systematically assess short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of efgartigimod in patients with refractory MG.MethodsSixteen patients with refractory autoimmune acetylcholine receptor MG were treated with efgartigimod. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2023 on Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL), Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (QMG), Myasthenia Gravis Composite score (MGC) and the 15‐item revised version of the Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life questionnaire (MG‐QoL15r).ResultsA favorable outcome was seen in 56% of patients at the last measurement. Out of 16 patients, 50% were an MG‐ADL responder after the first treatment cycle. After 4 weeks, a clinically meaningful improvement compared to baseline was seen on the MG‐ADL, QMG, and MGC. There was a statistically significant improvement on the MGQoL15r from baseline to week 4. The improvement was maintained until the last measurement for the MGC and the MGQoL15r. At the last visit, all patients had discontinued 4‐weekly dosages, shifting to administration frequencies of 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Drug doses could be decreased for prednisolone (n = 7), azathioprine (n = 2), and intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 9). Frequency of plasma exchange was decreased in nine patients.DiscussionIn patients with refractory MG, efgartigimod was effective for at least half of all patients. Patients required more frequent dosing compared to the ADAPT phase 3 trial. In 80% of the patients concurrent medication could be reduced or discontinued.
Direct oral anticoagulant therapy in adolescent venous thromboembolism: A systematic review
Authors: Alqahtani Shaikha , Gibbs Karen DiValerio , Montanez Natalie A. , Krause Kate J. , van Ommen C. Heleen , Srivaths Lakshmi V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdolescent venous thromboembolism (VTE) has unique challenges in management, complications, and compliance to anticoagulants. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved for pediatric VTE management, with an increasing use especially in adolescents. Primary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DOAC therapy in adolescent VTE. Secondary objectives include adverse events, bleeding events, and overall mortality. A SR protocol was registered in PROSPERO 2022 (CRD42022363928). Databases were searched from inception to September 22, 2022. Studies with children aged 10–18 years, VTE diagnosis, DOAC therapy, randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort, and relevant study types were included. Studies including prophylaxis, non‐DOAC therapy, arterial thrombosis, age outliers, non‐relevant study types were excluded. Findings are reported in accordance to PRISMA 2020. Nine reports from five studies, published between 2016 and 2022, were included. Rivaroxaban was the most common DOAC. VTE recurrence was 0.02% in the rivaroxaban phase III trial and one patient in the dabigatran phase IIb/III trial. Complete/partial thrombus resolution (CR/PR) was 76.6% in the rivaroxaban phase III trial, and 83.9% in the dabigatran phase IIb/III trial. CR/PR was found to be 68.4% in Dhaliwal et al. study and 83.3% in Hassan et al. study. Major bleeding occurred in one patient. Headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were commonly seen. All‐cause mortality occurred in a patient due to cancer progression. DOAC therapy in adolescent VTE had CR/PR in two‐thirds of the patients, with low incidence of VTE recurrence and major bleeding. As there are only two randomized controlled trial (RCTs), future adolescents’ studies are required to validate our results.
Experimental and numerical studies on quasi‐static behavior of sandwich composites with nano clay modified Kevlar facesheets and aluminum honeycomb core
Authors: Soleimani Seyed Soroush , Ozdemir Okan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of nano clay reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates and sandwich structures subjected to quasi‐static punch shear loading. Three types of composite face sheets were fabricated using hand lay‐up technique: Kevlar/epoxy neat, 0.5, and 1 wt. % of nano clay. The mechanical properties of these composites were characterized through compression, shear, and tensile tests. Sandwich structures were then constructed using the fabricated face sheets and an aluminum honeycomb core. Quasi‐static punch shear tests were performed on the composite laminates and sandwich specimens using hemispherical impactors. Numerical simulations of the punch shear tests were conducted in LS‐Dyna, employing appropriate material models and contact definitions for the constituent materials. Furthermore, to further investigate the failure mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted on the fractured Kevlar/epoxy composite plate specimens. The comparison between the experimental outcomes and numerical data demonstrated a strong correspondence, indicating consistency between the two methodologies. In conclusion, the incorporation of 0.5 wt. % nano clay into the Kevlar/epoxy composite resulted in a 5.09% increase in shear strength and an 11.29% increase in maximum reaction force. The study provides insights into the effect of nano clay reinforcement on the punch shear resistance and energy absorption capabilities of Kevlar/epoxy composites and sandwich structures.Highlights
Proper alignment of the nano clay within the epoxy was achieved.
The most efficient rate of nano clay was observed to be 0.5% by weight.
The mechanical properties of nano clay‐containing composites were improved.
Quasi‐static punch shear tests were performed numerically and experimentally.
Numerical results were in close agreement with experimental results.