bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pain location, organ system and treating speciality on timely delivery of analgesia in emergency departments
Authors: Hansen Kim , Thom Ogilvie , Rodda Hamish , Price Melanie , Jackson Chris , Bennetts Scott , Doherty Steven , Bartlett Harry 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective: This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated whether the clinical features of a patient's pain, including anatomical location, organ system and likely treating speciality, impact on the delivery of analgesia within 30 min in EDs.Methods: Data were obtained from 24 centres across Australia between April 2008 and March 2009. Principal outcome was delivery of analgesia within 30 min or less. Factors that might explain any differences were analysed, including anatomical location of the pain, likely treating speciality, organ system affected, age, sex, day and time of presentation, hospital location, documented pain score and triage category. Analysis was by the χ2‐test for independence of proportions and multiple logistic regression. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There were 4598 patients, of whom 2578 were male. The median age was 36 years (range 0–103). Both limb origin of pain (χ2= 46.1, P < 0.001) and documentation of a pain score (χ2= 48.6, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with delivery of analgesia within 30 min. Attending a rural ED was a significant risk factor for delayed analgesia (χ2= 12.5, P < 0.001). Burns patients (40.2%, 47 of 117, P < 0.001) and orthopaedic patients (26.1%, 259 of 992, P < 0.001) were much more likely to received analgesia within 30 min than the mean (19.5%, 896 of 4598).Conclusions: Patients presenting with burns, orthopaedic conditions or with a limb location of pain are more likely to receive analgesia within 30 min in Australian EDs. Clinicians should be aware of possible trends in the delivery of timely analgesia to patients with pain.
Complete Genome Sequence of Highly Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCGM2.S1, a Representative Strain of a Cluster Endemic to Japan
Authors: Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Kuwahara Tomoko , Tada Tatsuya , Kitao Tomoe , Kirikae Teruo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We report the completely annotated genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
NCGM2.S1, a representative strain of a cluster endemic to Japan with a high level of resistance to carbapenem (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), amikacin (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), and fluoroquinolone (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml).
Le problème de la chronologie du Coran1
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel Said 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study challenges the widespread scholarly assumption that the Qurʾān can only be properly understood when its suras are assigned to a chronological order based on the traditional biography of the Prophet. The first section of the study addresses the origins of this assumption, beginning with Islamic tradition and its reception in the XIXth century works of Gustav Weil and Theodor Nöldeke. The second section involves a critique of more recent defenses of the idea of a Quranic chronology. The third and final section of the article illustrates the problem of this idea by way of a comparison with scholarship on the Psalms.
(Re)Invigorating the World Health Organization’s Governance of Health Rights: Repositing an Evolving Legal Mandate, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Onzivu William 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
State centred discourse on international law and human rights often diminishes the obligations of global health institutions in international law to advance health related human rights and as sites for the progressive development and implementation of health rights. The constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides an expansive role for human rights protection and promotion in realizing public health, but WHO has faced hurdles in effectively carrying out this role. Current scholarship continues to underscore the normative challenges facing WHO concerning its limited use of international law including human rights to promote health. This article goes a step further and explores the evolving international legal and institutional basis for WHO’s future direction in strengthening the governance of human rights. It revisits WHO’s evolving and expanding human rights mandate, challenges and prospects within WHO law, the broader United Nations law, policy and practice as well as general international law. Despite the limitations, WHO has evolving institutional mechanisms rooted in international law that comprise a pivotal site for human rights normative and operational work at the global, regional and domestic levels. The article examines these mechanisms and suggests concrete ways and options in which WHO can advance health rights.
Classification of Precipitation Types during Transitional Winter Weather Using the RUC Model and Polarimetric Radar Retrievals
Authors: Schuur Terry J. , Park Hyang-Suk , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Reeves Heather D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new hydrometeor classification algorithm that combines thermodynamic output from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model with polarimetric radar observations is introduced. The algorithm improves upon existing classification techniques that rely solely on polarimetric radar observations by using thermodynamic information to help to diagnose microphysical processes (such as melting or refreezing) that might occur aloft. This added information is especially important for transitional weather events for which past studies have shown radar-only techniques to be deficient. The algorithm first uses vertical profiles of wet-bulb temperature derived from the RUC model output to provide a background precipitation classification type. According to a set of empirical rules, polarimetric radar data are then used to refine precipitation-type categories when the observations are found to be inconsistent with the background classification. Using data from the polarimetric KOUN Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) located in Norman, Oklahoma, the algorithm is tested on a transitional winter-storm event that produced a combination of rain, freezing rain, ice pellets, and snow as it passed over central Oklahoma on 30 November 2006. Examples are presented in which the presence of a radar bright band (suggesting an elevated warm layer) is observed immediately above a background classification of dry snow (suggesting the absence of an elevated warm layer in the model output). Overall, the results demonstrate the potential benefits of combining polarimetric radar data with thermodynamic information from numerical models, with model output providing widespread coverage and polarimetric radar data providing an observation-based modification of the derived precipitation type at closer ranges.
Modulation of the Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the ENSO Teleconnections: From the East Asian Summer Monsoon Perspective
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Li Jianping , Jiang Zhihong , Ma Tingting 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) may exhibit rather large variability between years characterized by the same ENSO phase. Such inconsistency reduces the EASM predictability based on ENSO. Results in this study show that the Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) exerts a modulating effect on ENSO teleconnections and ENSO significantly correlates with the EASM only during the reduced TPSC summers. Three-dimensional circulation structures are examined to manifest that the typical ENSO signals in reduced TPSC summers tend to be stronger than in excessive TPSC summers. Numerical and theoretical evidences indicate that the anomalously reduced TPSC can force positive geopotential height anomalies at the upper troposphere and weaken the jet streams across eastern Asia and northwestern Pacific. Governed by such basic state zonal flows, the extratropical Rossby wave response to the ENSO forcing usually has a larger amplitude and pronounced westward development. In such case, ENSO extends its influences to eastern Asia and enhances its connection with the EASM.
Evaluating Where and Why Drifters Die*
Authors: Lumpkin Rick , Maximenko Nikolai , Pazos Mayra 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
NOAA ’s Global Drifter Program (GDP) manages a global array of ~1250 active satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys (“drifters”) in collaboration with numerous national and international partners. To better manage the drifter array and to assess the performance of various drifter manufacturers, it is important to discriminate between drifters that cease transmitting because of internal failure and those that cease because of external factors such as running aground or being picked up. An accurate assessment of where drifters run aground would also allow the observations to be used to more accurately simulate the evolution of floating marine debris and to quantify globally which shores are most prone to the deposit of marine debris. While the drifter Data Assembly Center of the GDP provides a metadata file that includes cause of death, the identified cause for most drifters is simply “quit transmitting.” In this study it is shown that a significant fraction of these drifters likely ran aground or were picked up, and a statistical estimate that each drifter ran aground or was picked up is derived.
Nephrotoxicity Associated with Intravenous Colistin in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Doshi Neha M. , Mount Kari L. , Murphy Claire V. 
Published: November 2011

Study Objectives. To determine the frequency of nephrotoxicity associated with colistin therapy by using a standardized definition and to identify risk factors for colistin‐induced nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients.Design. Single‐center, retrospective cohort analysis.Setting. University‐affiliated tertiary care center.Patients. Forty‐nine adults admitted to an intensive care unit who received intravenous colistin for at least 48 hours between July 2007 and July 2009.Measurements and Main Results. Nephrotoxicity was determined by using the standardized RIFLE criteria: risk, injury, failure, loss, and end‐stage renal disease. Patients who had end‐stage renal disease or required renal replacement therapy before initiation of colistin were excluded. Of the 49 patients included in the analysis, 15 (31%) developed nephrotoxicity, and only two patients (4%) had irreversible cases. Patients with chronic kidney disease (40% in the group with nephrotoxicity vs 3% in the group without nephrotoxicity, p=0.002) and hypertension (87% vs 56%, p=0.037) at baseline had a higher risk of developing nephrotoxicity. In addition, patients with nephrotoxicity were more likely to have received intravenous contrast material (33% vs 0%, p=0.002). The risk of developing nephrotoxicity was 6.5 times higher in patients who had been given at least two concomitant nephrotoxic agents compared with no other nephrotoxic agents (p=0.034).Conclusion. The frequency and severity of colistin‐induced nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients was consistent with previous reports in non—critically ill patients. Most cases of nephrotoxicity demonstrated in this study were mild and reversible. Patients receiving colistin therapy who have hypertension or chronic kidney disease should be monitored closely, and administration of additional nephrotoxic agents should be avoided in all patients when possible. Large, prospective trials are warranted to confirm these results.
Randomized Trial of a Brief Dietary Intervention to Decrease Consumption of Fat and Increase Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Stevens Victor J. , Glasgow Russell E. , Toobert Deborah J. , Karanja Njeri , Smith K. Sabina 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study tested the efficacy of a computer-assisted counseling intervention to reduce diet-related cancer risk. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Subjects. Healthy women HMO members (n = 616) aged 40 to 70. Intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to nutrition intervention or an attention-control intervention unrelated to diet. Intervention consisted of two 45-minute counseling sessions plus two 5- to 10-minute follow-up telephone contacts. Counseling sessions included a 20-minute, interactive, computer-based intervention using a touchscreen format. Intervention goals were reducing dietary fat and increasing consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Measures. Twenty-four hour diet recalls and the Fat and Fiber Behavior Questionnaire (FFB). Results. Four-month follow-up data were collected from 94% of the intervention participants and 91% of the controls. Testing with a multivariate general linear models analysis showed improvements on all dietary outcome variables. Compared to the control, intervention participants reported significantly less fat consumption (2.35 percentage points less for percentage of energy from fat), significantly greater consumption of fruit and vegetables combined (1.04 servings per day), and a significant reduction in a behavioral measure of fat consumption (.24 point change in the FFB). Conclusions. These 4-month results are comparable to several other moderate-intensity studies showing that, in the appropriate circumstances, moderate-intensity dietary interventions can be efficacious. Study limitations include the short follow-up period and the use of self-reported outcome measures.
Applying Theory of Planned Behavior to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption of Young Adolescents
Authors: Lien Nanna , Lytle Leslie A. , Komro Kelli A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to investigate how well Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicted frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables among seventh graders and to investigate whether gender or socioeconomic status (SES) had moderating effects on the relationships between the constructs in the model. Design. Two identical self-administered paper and pencil surveys were distributed 6 months apart. Path analyses of the TPB models by gender and SES were performed with AMOS software. Setting. The study occurred in eight middle schools from school districts in the Minneapolis—St.Paul metropolitan area, where a minimum of 20% of the students qualified for free or reduced-price meals. Subjects. Of the invited seventh graders, 1406 (74%) completed data for the model constructs at baseline and for behavior at interim data collection. Measures. We assessed frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables and attitudes, subjective norms, barriers, and intentions related to this behavior. Three levels of SES were created based on questions about free lunch, parents' education, and work. Results. No significant direct effects of attitudes and subjective norms on behavior were found, but for barriers, both indirect effects through intentions and direct effects on behavior were significant. Seven percent of the variation in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and 31% of the variation in intention to eat more fruits and vegetables were explained by the model. Gender appeared to have moderating effects on the relationships between attitudes and intention and between intentions and behavior in the model. There were no moderator effects of SES, but the larger dropout rates from the low-SES group could have caused the groups to become more homogeneous. Conclusion. The data fit the model well; still, large proportions of the variance in the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables were unexplained. This may be related to the operationalization of the model constructs or to missing important factors in the model. Furthermore, there appeared to be strong relationships between subjective norms or barriers and intentions as well as gender differences in the strengths of the relationships in the model that may have implications for intervention methods or messages.
Vascular Access Type, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Afsar Baris , Elsurer Rengin , Covic Adrian , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: November 2011

Purpose Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis (HD) compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and central venous catheters (CVC). In spite of increasing recognition of importance of a patient's perception of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and depression, few studies have assessed the association of vascular access type with HRQOL and depression. The purpose of our study was to examine HRQOL and depression among patients with different vascular access. Methods Severity of symptoms of depression and HRQOL were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Vascular access was reported as one of three options; AVF, AVG, and CVC. Results In total, 136 patients were included; 104 had AVF, 15 had AVG, and 17 had CVC. BDI and HRQOL parameters differed among patients with different vascular access types. In post hoc analysis, BDI and HRQOL subscales were not different between patients with AVF and AVG. Patients with CVC had lower physical functioning (P:.001), role-physical limitation (P:.015), general health perception (P:.017), vitality (P:.010), social functioning (P:.004), role-emotional (P:.008), mental health (P:.001), physical component summary score (P:.017), and mental component summary score (P:.006) when compared to patients with AVF. Patients with CVC had lower physical functioning (P:.044), role-emotional (P:.044) and mental health scores (P:.04) when compared to patients with AVG. Conclusions Having a CVC may negatively influence HRQOL in HD patients. Vascular access type does not seem to be related to depressed mood in HD.
Fabrication and characterization of PEI/PVP‐based carbon hollow fiber membranes for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation
Authors: Salleh Wan Norharyati Wan , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCarbon hollow fiber membranes derived from polymer blend of polyetherimide and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were extensively prepared through stabilization under air atmosphere followed by carbonization under N2 atmosphere. The effects of the PVP compositions on the thermal behavior, structure, and gas permeation properties were investigated thoroughly by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and pure gas permeation apparatus. The experimental results indicate that the transport mechanism of small gas molecules of N2, CO2, and CH4 is dominated by the molecular sieving effect. The gas permeation properties of the prepared carbon membranes have a strong dependency on PVP composition. The carbon membranes prepared from polymer blends with 6 wt % PVP demonstrated the highest CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities of 55.33 and 41.50, respectively. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3167–3175, 2012
Use of statewide electronic emergency department data for occupational injury surveillance: A feasibility study in massachusetts
Authors: Davis Letitia K. , Hunt Phillip R. , Hackman H. Holly , McKeown Loreta N. , Ozonoff Victoria V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundStatewide datasets of emergency department (ED) visits may be useful for occupational injury surveillance. Using data from 12 hospitals, we evaluated two indicators of work‐relatedness in reported ED data and the availability of employment information in medical charts.MethodsWorkers' compensation as payer and/or “yes” in an injury‐at‐work field were used to define probable work‐related (PWR) injury visits in the Massachusetts ED dataset. Charts were reviewed for a sample of 1,002 PWR and 250 probable nonwork‐related (PNWR) cases.ResultsUsing chart information as the gold standard, indicators of work‐relatedness had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 97%, and predictive value positive of 86%. Employer name was in charts for 89% of PWR and 42% of PNWR cases. Occupation was available for 34% of PWR cases.ConclusionElectronic ED data are useful for state surveillance of occupational injuries. Improvements in attribution of work‐relatedness and collection of available employer identifiers and occupational information would enhance its usefulness. The performance of indicators of work‐relatedness in ED datasets should be examined in different states. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:344–352, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐poly(L‐lactic acid)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) tri‐block copolymer
Authors: Shen Jun , Jiang Wei , Liu Ying , Wei Rongqing , Liu Xiaoning , Zhong Yu , Xu Jie , Li Linling , Xue Gi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate)‐poly(L‐lactic acid)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) tri‐block copolymer was prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structure and properties of the copolymer were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR), thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic plot for the ATRP of methyl methacrylate using poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as the initiator shows that the reaction time increases linearly with ln[M]0/[M]. The results indicate that it is possible to achieve grafted chains with well‐defined molecular weights, and block copolymers with narrowed molecular weight distributions. The thermal stability of PLLA is improved by copolymerization. A new wash‐extraction method for removing copper from the ATRP has also exhibits satisfactory results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Predictors of trisomy 21 in the offspring of older and younger women
Authors: Agopian A. J. , Marengo Lisa K. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Advanced maternal age is the only well‐established risk factor for trisomy 21, yet the majority of affected individuals are born to younger women. To identify factors associated with the risk of trisomy 21 in the offspring of younger and older women, we analyzed data for cases with trisomy 21 from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for 1999 to 2007. METHODS: Data were analyzed separately for younger (i.e., <35 years of age at delivery; n = 2306) and older (i.e., ≥35 years of age at delivery; n = 1811) women using Poisson regression. RESULTS: After adjustment for maternal age and several other covariates, the prevalence of trisomy 21 in the offspring of women in both maternal age groups was higher in male than in female infants and in offspring of women who were Hispanic (compared with non‐Hispanic white women) or who had at least one previous liveborn child compared to those with none. In the offspring of older women only, the prevalence of trisomy 21 was also significantly higher when the father was 20to 24 years old (compared with 25 to 29 years old; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–3.49) and Hispanic (compared with non‐Hispanic white; aPR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13–1.58) and among women with less than a high school education (compared with greater than high school). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several factors, in addition to maternal age, that were associated with trisomy 21 risk. In general, these factors were similar for both maternal age groups, although paternal characteristics were significantly associated with risk of trisomy 21 only in offspring of older women. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.