bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of the genomicBacillus subtilisdUTPase: novel features in the Phe-lid
Authors: García-Nafría Javier , Burchell Lynn , Takezawa Mine , Rzechorzek Neil J. , Fogg Mark J. , Wilson Keith S. 
Published: August 2010

dUTPases are a ubiquitous family of enzymes that are essential for all organisms and catalyse the breakdown of 2-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP). InBacillus subtilisthere are two homotrimeric dUTPases: a genomic and a prophage form. Here, the structures of the genomic dUTPase and of its complex with the substrate analogue dUpNHpp and calcium are described, both at 1.85 Å resolution. The overall fold resembles that of previously solved trimeric dUTPases. The C-terminus, which contains one of the conserved sequence motifs, is disordered in both structures. The crystal of the complex contains six independent protomers which accommodate six dUpNHpp molecules, with three triphosphates in thetransconformation and the other three in the activegaucheconformation. The structure of the complex confirms the role of several key residues that are involved in ligand binding and the position of the catalytic water. Asp82, which has previously been proposed to act as a general base, points away from the active site. In the complex Ser64 reorients in order to hydrogen bond the phosphate chain of the substrate. A novel feature has been identified: the position in the sequence of the `Phe-lid', which packs against the uracil moiety, is adjacent to motif III, whereas in all other dUTPase structures the lid is in a conserved position in motif V of the flexible C-terminal arm. This requires a reconsideration of some aspects of the accepted mechanism.
Percentile-based spread: a more accurate way to compare crystallographic models
Authors: Pozharski Edwin 
Published: August 2010

The comparison of biomacromolecular crystal structures is traditionally based on the root-mean-square distance between corresponding atoms. This measure is sensitive to the presence of outliers, which inflate it disproportionately to their fraction. An alternative measure, the percentile-based spread (p.b.s.), is proposed and is shown to represent the average variation in atomic positions more adequately. It is discussed in the context of isomorphous crystal structures, conformational changes and model ensembles generated by repetitive automated rebuilding.
Inclusion of weak high-resolution X-ray data for improvement of a group II intron structure
Authors: Wang Jimin 
Published: August 2010

It is common to report the resolution of a macromolecular structure with the highest resolution shell having an averaged I/σ(I) ≥ 2. Data beyond the resolution thus defined are weak and often poorly measured. The exclusion of these weak data may improve the apparent statistics and also leads to claims of lower resolutions that give some leniency in the acceptable quality of refined models. However, the inclusion of these data can provide additional strong constraints on atomic models during structure refinement and thus help to correct errors in the original models, as has recently been demonstrated for a protein structure. Here, an improved group II intron structure is reported arising from the inclusion of these data, which helped to define more accurate solvent models for density modification during experimental phasing steps. With the improved resolution and accuracy of the experimental phases, extensive revisions were made to the original models such that the correct tertiary interactions of the group II intron that are essential for understanding the chemistry of this ribozyme could be described.
P07 The poverty‐one of the reasons for chronic toxic contact dermatitis
Authors: Kuzmanovska Violeta , Petkovska M , Biserkoska‐Atanasovksa L 
Published: August 2010

The aim of the work is to present the incidence and the main reasons for this illness at women who live in very bad and poor conditions, in town and in village.Material and methods:  137 women were included, who were inspected during the time period of 8 months in 2003. A proper therapy was introduced‐per os and in loco, and all of them were controled for 14 days.Results:  All together, 137 women were inspected and they were classified by their age, place of leaving and nationality. The detail anamnesis showed that 80% are housewifes who live in poverty and who are in contact with detergents everyday, becouse they do the dish‐washing and the laundry with hands, without any machines. The following therapies were applicated: corticosteroid and antihystaminic therapy per os and corticosteroid therapy in loco. After 14 days, a control look over was made, and they were given the preparation with vitamin A and lanolinum, for 14 days more. All of them were adviced to use protection gloves when they are in contact with detergents, especially for the laundry.Conclusion:  One of the reasons for the appearance of chronic toxic contact dermatitis is the low standard of living when, becouse of the poverty, people can’t use machines and still in the 21th Century they wash the clothes and dishes with hands. The only help at this category of people is to give them advices for using protection gloves.
P14 Hydrolysed wheat protein: a new allergen in cosmetics and food
Authors: Pecquet Catherine , Bayrou O , Vigan M , Raison N , Lauriere M 
Published: August 2010

For the pas few years, mainly because of mad cow disease, hydrolysed wheat proteins (HWP) have been used in cosmetics and food as emulsifiers and stabilizers in replacement of bovine collagen. We report here contact urticaria to cosmetics induced by these HWP in 7 patients of which 6 had food allergy to modified gluten and the results of their immunological testing. These cases were regrouped through the french network REVIDAL‐GERDA.All 7 women developped contact urticaria immediatly after applying cosmetics (mainly facial cream), from different brands, containing HWP. Six of them had also anaphylactic reactions or urticaria after eating preserved foods or delicatessen which contained modified gluten. Neither had allergic reaction after eating broad or bread.Skin tests were positive with the cosmetics, HWP contained in them and, in case of food allergy, modified gluten. They were negative with natural wheat flour. Despite that, specific IgE to wheat flour were positive in 2 cases. Specific IgE to gluten were positive in 3 patients.Sera were also investigated for their specificity toward wheat proteins and various preparations of gluten. Individual variations of specificity were observed. All sera contained IgE reacting with both hydrolysed peptides and some native flour proteins.It appears that, from the medical history, allergy to cosmetics preceeded food allergy. In view of these elements, may be the use of HWP in cosmetics should be questionned.
PCS.01 Risk assessment: a brief history for ACD
Authors: Steiling Winfried 
Published: August 2010

Risk assessments of chemicals are key issues in our live.Prior to industrialisation, risk assessments based on individual experience, for the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) for instance, after contact with allergic plants affecting the skin exposed. Today, the risk to get an ADC becomes more and more important, because of increasing contact to new chemicals because of frequent contact with consumer products. Therefore sufficient test systems are required, appropriate to estimate the sensitisation potential of individual chemicals. To be able to predict weak sensitisers, adjuvants were simultaneously injected to test animals to booster their allergic reactions. One of the most well known test method, is the maximisation test in guinea pigs according to Magnusson and Kligman. Regulatory authorities have required this method for chemical classification, as well as for estimating the risk to get sensitised when dermaly exposed.Beside the advantages of these guinea pig studies, the limitations became prominent not only in respect to ethical aspects, but also because of the lack to quantify the sensitisation potency of chemicals. To be able to perform accurate, realistic risk assessments, the knowledge of potency is becoming mandatory, especially when sensitive test methods are used. Based on the possibility to measure the biological response during induction of sensitisation, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) gets popular. Today, this test is officially accepted by regulators to give information on skin sensitisation potential. With the quantitative approach on potency, risk assessment of ACD will become much more reliable and useful for Men.
FC01.2 Contact allergy to grease‐a case report
Authors: Svedman Cecilia , Isaksson M , Zimerson E , Bruze M 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  Contact allergy to grease is a rare cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis and therefore this case is presented. Thin layer chromatograms were used for patch‐testing and helped identify the contact sensitizer in the grease.Methods:  Patch‐testing, thin layer chromatography and GC‐MS. Case report: A previously healthy man working in an industry where brakes for trains were produced presented in the clinic after having developed a rash in the face, on the neck, volar aspects of the arms and dorsum of the hands. The patient's work in part consisted of putting grease on metal parts. The patient was patch‐tested with our standard series, a MWF series and materials from work. He tested positively to the grease. A visit to the industry showed a much greater exposure to grease than was suspected. The investigation that followed was performed to identify the sensitizer in the grease. Thin layer chromatography was performed and the patient was tested with chromatograms.Results:  The patient had positive reactions to several allergens in the series including rubber sensitizers of the PPD type and disperse orange 3. A positive reaction was obtained to a spot on the chromatogram of the grease and investigation by GC‐MS identified N‐phenyl‐1‐naphtylamine as the sensitizer.Conclusions:  This case underlines the importance of patch testing with work materials and visiting the work environment. A rare case of contact allergy to grease was found and patch‐testing with thin layer chromatograms helped identify the allergen, N‐phenyl‐1‐naphtylamine. The identification of the allergen was made by GC‐MS.
FC02.1 A diene identified as a prohapten metabolised to epoxides in the skin
Authors: Nilsson Anna‐Malin , Luthman K , Nilsson JLG , Karlberg A‐T 
Published: August 2010

To predict the sensitising capacity of a chemical, the only existing reliable method is testing in animals and alternative methods are requested. One approach is to use databases that predict the toxicity of novel compounds by comparing the chemical structure with data stored in the database. A chemical (hapten) must contain a chemically reactive site to be able to bind to skin macromolecules and a good predictor for sensitising capacity is the electrophilic character of the molecule.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitising capacity of 5‐isopropenyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene, a conjugated diene with no electrophilic positions or any other structural alert for skin sensitisation.Methods:  5‐Isopropenyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene and two possible epoxide metabolites of the model compound were synthesised. Sensitisation and elicitation experiments were performed using the predictive guinea pig method FCAT. The diene system was analysed in the computer based knowledge system DEREK (Deductive Estimation of Risk from Existing Knowledge).Results:  The model diene was found to be a potent contact allergen able to sensitise the control animals after only one dermal exposure. Both epoxides gave elicitation in the animals sensitised to the diene indicating that they are formed from the diene in the skin during induction. The diene system was considered as a non‐sensitiser in DEREK.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates that conjugated dienes can be metabolised to strong contact allergens in the skin and that it is important to consider possible metabolic pathways when constructing predictive databases, otherwise potent prohaptens might be considered as harmless chemicals.
FS06.1 Contact allergy to oxidized fragrance terpenes.
Authors: Matura Mihály , Sköld M , Börje A , Frosch P , Goossens A , White I , Bruze M , Menné T , Andersen K , Karlberg A‐T 
Published: August 2010

Terpenes are among the most widely used fragrances, found not only in fine fragrances but most often incorporated in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily at air‐exposure. Our previous studies have proved that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic in themselves but easily form allergenic products due to autoxidation. The aim of this study was to study the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions in Europe to some oxidized fragrance terpenes.Method:  Consecutive dermatitis patients in six European dermatological centers were patch tested with oxidized terpenes. Questionnaires, standard and additional fragrance patch test materials were used in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy.Results:  Oxidized limonene was tested in 2411, while oxidized linalool, linalool hydroperoxide, oxidized caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and oxidized myrcene in additional 1511 patients. Of the patients tested 2.6% showed positive reaction to oxidized limonene, 1.3% to oxidized linalool, 0.5% to oxidized caryophyllene and 1 patient to oxidized myrcene. 1.1% of the patients reacted to linalool hydroperoxide, while testing with caryophyllene oxide resulted in few positive Results: 60% of the patients reacting to oxidized terpenes had fragrance related contact allergy and/or positive history for fragrance related dermatitis.Conclusion:  Oxidized limonene and linalool are common allergens in dermatitis patients tested consecutively in Europe. Our results indicate that autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes to fragrance allergy to a great extent. This observation emphasises the need of testing with chemicals that patients actually come in contact with and not only ingredients that were originally applied in the commercial formulations.
FS07.4 Co‐operation between dermatologist and occupational health physician
Authors: Kruyswijk Metske , Jenner T , Kemna G , Hove B ten 
Published: August 2010

The Dutch government has recently taken initiatives to improve the protection of labourers against diseases which are related to their work, and most especially, to reduce the rapidly increasing number of patients who have to definitely stop working and who, eventually, end up being dependent on social welfare. Firstly, a number of new laws have been adopted which define the responsibilities of both the employers and the employees. Secondly the cooperation is stimulated between the Dermatologist and the Occupational Health Physician of the patient. The latter is (according to law) employed by the employer of the patient and regularly visits the place of work. We now had the opportunity to treat and study both the social, medical and occupational aspects of a patient’s case simultaneously.We decided to eliminate the existing hesitation of consulting or referring, as well as the barriers created by matters of procedure, bureaucracy and waiting lists. In our paper we discuss the above‐mentioned laws and regulations, and the way in which cooperation takes place between the doctors. We will present figures showing the effects of this approach on sickleave.
FS08.6 Persistent post‐occupational dermatitis: a case series
Authors: Nixon Rosemary , Sajjachareonpong P , Keegel T , Frowen K 
Published: August 2010

Objectives: Persistent post‐occupational dermatitis (PPOD) was mentioned by Wall and Gebauer in 1991 to describe ongoing skin disease precipitated by occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). There has been little formal recognition or clarification of this condition.Methods: Approximately 1600 records from our Occupational Dermatology Clinic were searched to identify likely cases. PPOD was difficult to diagnose as relatively few patients had been reviewed after initial assessment.Results: A number of patients with reasonably clear histories of persistent occupational contact dermatitis were identified, which followed either irritant or allergic occupational contact dermatitis. These included a 57 yr old male who worked with photographic chemicals, a 51 yr old female food handler and a 25 yr old female food handler who were all diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis and yet experienced persistent dermatitis even after avoiding the irritants that were associated with causing their dermatitis. A 51 yr old process worker allergic to acrylates, a 28 yr old laboratory worker allergic to rubber accelerators and coconut diethanolamide in her hand wash and a 48 yr old epoxy applicator allergic to epoxy resins experienced recurrent dermatitis for years after avoiding their causative allergens, although with gradual decrease in the frequency of outbreaks of dermatitis. Unfortunately, many patients experienced difficulties with workers’ compensation because the persistence of their dermatitis was thought by some medical examiners negate its work‐relatedness.Conclusion: There needs to be greater recognition and understanding of PPOD. We are planning to follow‐up patients from our clinic to better study and define this condition.
FS09.5 Patch testing with allopurinol and oxypurinol in drug eruptions
Authors: Vieira Ricardo , Gonçalo M , Figueiredo A 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Drug eruptions as maculopapular rash, hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis occur in about 2% of patients taking allopurinol. The allopurinol oxidation product – oxypurinol – seems to be responsible for these hypersensitivity reactions. Opposing what occurs during the study of drug eruptions induced by other drugs as carbamazepine or amoxiciline, patch testing with allopurinol is usually negative.Objective:  To evaluate skin reactivity to allopurinol and oxypurinol by patch testing in patients with a previous history of drug eruption related with allopurinol.Methods:  10 patients (6 females and 4 males) with drug eruptions induced by allopurinol with a high imputability index (6 hypersensitivity syndromes, 2 Stevens‐Johnson syndromes, 1 erythroderma and 1 toxic epidermal necrolysis) were patch tested with allopurinol in vaseline (10 and 20%) and with oxypurinol in vaseline (10 and 20%), acetone (10 and 20%) and alcohol (10 and 20%).Results:  Patch tests with allopurinol and oxypurinol were invariably negative after 48 and 96 hours in all patients tested.Conclusion:  Patch testing with oxypurinol as well as with allopurinol is usually negative and therefore is not helpful in the confirmation of these hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol.
FS12.4 An analytical method for p‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin
Authors: Zimerson Erik 
Published: August 2010

p‐tert‐Butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin (PTBP‐F‐R) is frequently reported to give positive patch test reactions with uncertain clinical relevance. A possible explanation is deficient knowledge of the sources of exposure. An analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R could be used to investigate products in the patient’s environment. Most individual PTBP‐F‐R substance constitute less than 1% w/w of the resin contributing to analytical difficulties.Objective:  To develop an analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R and to use it to investigate some patients’ products.Methods:  10 identified PTBP‐F‐R substances in silylated form were used as reference substances in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis.Results:  The recording of ion chromatograms for the 3 largest mass peaks in the MS for each reference substance was used to avoid interference of disturbing substances. Demonstration of a PTBP‐F‐R substance was defined as the simultaneous detection the 3 defined mass peaks at the expected retention time and with the same relative intensities as found with the corresponding reference substance. A minimum criterion for the demonstration of PTBP‐F‐R was the demonstration of 3 PTBP‐F‐R substances. PRBP‐F‐R was demonstrated in watchstraps, shoes, glues and ECG‐electrodes. p‐tert‐Butylcatechol, a PTBP‐F‐R substance but also an antioxidant, was demonstrated in: an ECG‐electrode, watchstraps, a prosthesis, a protective mask, a glue, an oil for bikes and in a nail polish.Conclusion:  An analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R was developed, which when applied to products could show the presence of PTBP‐F‐R substances and PTBP‐F‐R in products and indicate contact of clinical relevance.
FC03.1 Experience from joint occupational health/dermatology clinics
Authors: Wing Wong Yat , Powell S 
Published: August 2010

Background:  A monthly consultant led occupational health/dermatology clinic was started in 1999 providing rapid access to staff with suspected occupational skin disease including natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy and teaching for the occupational health staff.Objectives:  To evaluate the characteristics and outcome of staff attending this clinic and to assess patient satisfaction.Methods:  A retrospective case note survey was performed from staff attending the clinic from 1999 to 2002. A questionnaire was sent to them >3 months following consultation.Results:  A total of 116 patients were identified (12 male, 104 female), and 85 (73%) were nurses. 77 (66%) patients were referred with hand eczema (HE). Of the 45 patients referred with adverse reactions or exacerbation of hand dermatitis following the use of latex gloves, only 4 had positive prick tests and were considered to have NRL allergy. Patients with significant HE or occupational exacerbation of HE were referred for patch testing (n = 36). Of the remainder, most could be discharged after a single visit. 49/95 (52%) questionnaires were returned, 34/45 (76%) patients found the consultation useful. As a separate study, the data recorded within the patch test clinic looking at health care workers (HCW) referred both from this clinic and from other sources was analysed. This showed relevant positive patch tests in 16/49 (33%) patients. In 55/99 (56%), an occupational cause was likely.Conclusion:  Occupational skin disease in HCW is common, attendance at the clinic was beneficial and a single visit was sufficient in most cases.
FC03.6 Exposure of the hands to wet work in nurses
Authors: Jungbauer Frank , Lensen G , Coenraads PJ 
Published: August 2010

Background/objectives:  Prevention of hand dermatitis among nurses can be achieved by reduction of wet work exposure. Kwodledge about the amout of wet work in nursing is import implementing hand dermatitis prevention plans. Wet work exposure in nursing can be assessed by questionnaire or observation.Method:  Duration and frequency of wet work activities were assessed by a questionnaire in a population of 1471 nurses.In addition a randomly chosen sample of 53 nurses from this population was observed on duration and frequency of wet work during 112 different morning shifts.Results:  questionnaire: wet work between 26 minutes (at a dialysis ward) and 100 minutes (in nursing homes). For frequency a range between 12 and 21 episodes of wet hands during morning shifts was reported. In nursing homes and regular wards gloves were reported to be used less than once during a shift.Observation:  A duration of wet work of 10 minutes (dialysis ward), 28 minutes (regular ward) and 19 minutes (I.C.‐unit) and 45 minutes in a nursing home. Frequency: between 19 and 43 episodes of wet hands during morning shifts.Conclusions:  A questionnaire does not accurately assess the quantity of wet activities; it overestimates the duration of wet work and underestimates the frequency of wet work. On regular wards the exposure to irritants is mainly associated with the frequency of wet hands instead of the duration of wet hands. On specialised care units skin exposure is mainly a matter of occlusion by gloves.