bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Some Chemicals on Blood Platelet Microtubules, Platelet Shape and Some Platelet Functions in vitro
Authors: Behnke O. 
Published: August 2010

Human blood platelets were treated in vitro with various chemicals to test whether a chemical which affects microtubules (demecolcine) also affects platelet shape and platelet function (aggregation and contraction) and whether chemicals which affect platelet function (cyanide, monoidoacetate, cyanide plus monoiodoacetate, fluoride, Ouabain, N‐ethylmaleimide, Mersalyl, and cocaine) also affect platelet shape and platelet microtubules.It is concluded that an intact marginal bundle of microtubules is essential for the maintenance of platelet shape but intact microtubules are not essential for ADP‐induced platelet aggregation or for clot retraction.
The Concentration of Granulocytic Stem Cells in Mouse Bone Marrow, Determined with Diffusion Chamber Technique
Authors: Bøyum Arne , Borgstrøm Reidar 
Published: August 2010

The present paper describes a technique for determining the concentration of granulocytic stem cells by culturing mouse bone marrow cells in diffusion chambers, intraperitoneally.In chambers which initially contain no stem cells, all the young cells differentiate towards the granulocyte compartment. After a culture period of 6–7 days, these chambers contain either no granulocytic cells, or mature granulocytes only. These chamber are defined as ‘empty’: In chambers which initially contain stem cells, there is a continuous supplying with young cells from the stem cell level, and after a culture period of 7 days, the chambers contain all types of granulocytic cells. We diluted the marrow until we got some ‘empty’ chambers and determined the fraction, P(o), of ‘empty’ chambers. If the average stem cell number per chamber in a series of chambers is δ, then it follows from the Poisson probability law that, δ = ‐ 1nP(o).With this technique we found that C3H × DBA mice had 1 effective granulocytic stem cell per 2,000 bone marrow cells. In white, outbred mice we found average values ranging from 1 stem cell per 2,700 bone marrow cells to 1 per 4,900. These variations were possibly due to seasonal factors.
Quantitative Studies on the Decay of Lymphocytes in the Blood of the Mouse
Authors: Claësson M. H. , Olsson L. 
Published: August 2010

The number of decaying lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the mouse was determined by means of the dye exclusion test. Under normal conditions the lymphocyte decay was very constant (1.1%).Treatment with pertussis vaccine, anti‐lymphocyte serum, and hydrocortisone either alone or in combination greatly influenced the number of decaying blood lymphocytes.Treatment with heparin markedly increased the number of circulating non‐viable lymphocytes, probably due to inhibition of the reticuloendothelial macrophage system. Methods for determination of the average period a decaying lymphocyte stays in blood were elaborated and used under normal and experimental conditions.
Atypical Pyruvate Kinase in a Patient with Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: Brandt N. J. , Hanel H. K. 
Published: August 2010

In a case of hereditary nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia an atypical erythrocyte pyruvate kinase was found.The pyruvate kinase was characterized as atypical on the basis of the following biochemical parameters which differed from those of the normal enzyme: Michaelis' constant, thermostability, pH dependency, urea inhibition, and electrophoretic mobility.The results indicate that there may be a structural difference between the atypical and normal pyruvate kinase.
Release Reaction in Washed Platelet Suspensions Induced by Kaolin and Other Particles
Authors: Cronberg S. , Caen J. P. 
Published: August 2010

A method is described for testing the release of ADP in a platelet suspension induced by kaolin, latex, other particles and distilled water. A refined technique was developed to determine ADP quantitatively by its ability to aggregate platelets. Total adenine nucleotide release was also determined spectrophotometrically. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages.In a platelet suspension the release induced by kaolin occurred in the absence of cofactors and even in the presence of EDTA. Maximal release occurred at 37° C. In the absence of other inducers, calcium alone did not produce release, but it potentiated the release by other inducers, which was most conspicious at low temperatures. The release reaction of this type was not mediated by thrombin and was not inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid. Adhesion of platelets to the particles evidently preceded the release.Patients were investigated and a normal or increased release was found in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and von Willebrand's disease. A patient with prolonged bleeding time showed and isolated decrease in the total content of ADP.
Haematological Aspects of Drug‐Induced Agranulocytosis
Authors: RUVIDIĆ R. , JELIĆ S. 
Published: August 2010

Haematological disorders were studied in 26 patients who survived 30 attaks of acute agranulocytosis (24 due to pyrazolone derivatives and 6 to antithyroid drugs). Sixty‐three samples of the bone marrow were analysed, retrogradely, from the day when the number of blood granulocytes reached its normal level (the ‘day of recovery’). In early phasis of agranulocytosis, an aplasia of granulocytic and erythroid series was noted, the megakaryocytopoiesis remaining unaffected. The promyelocytic‐myelocytic marrow, a cytological phenomenon to which the term ‘maturation arrest’ has been applied, was found to precede the reappearance of granulocytes in peripheral blood.It is confirmed that acute agranulocytosis is the result of bone marrow damage which leads to a stop in the production of granulocytes. It is shown also that red cell production is stopped but the long survival of erythrocytes accounts for the absence of anaemia. The promyelocytic‐myelocytic marrow, erroneously termed ‘maturation arrest’, represents a step in regeneration of granulocytopoiesis and reflects an intensive proliferative activity of granulocytic series.
Release of Lymphocytes from the Spleen in Neonatally Thymectomized Guinea‐Pigs
Authors: SANDBERG GÖRAN 
Published: August 2010

Migration of lymphocytes from the spleen into the blood was studied by comparison of the content of cells in splenic afferent and efferent blood. Guinea‐pigs thymectomized or sham‐operated at birth were investigated prior to and at various intervals after injection of sheep erythrocytes at 40 days of age. Lymphocytes were subdivided into classes on the basis of different mitochondrial content.Thymectomy without immunization abolished the normal splenic output of lymphocytes with high mitochondrial content (large lymphocytes), while the output of lymphocytes with low and medium mitochondrial content was unaffected. The blood was deficient in lymphocytes when compared with the sham‐operated controls. Immunization further emphasized the difference between the thymectomized and sham‐operated animals. In the latter it caused an increased difference in number of lymphocytes between splenic efferent and afferent blood on the 9th day. This peak value, indicating increased output of lymphocytes from the spleen, was significantly higher than the value found in the thymectomized animals.It is concluded that release of splenic lymphocytes into the blood is influenced by immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, the present data indicate that this release of lymphocytes after immunization is dependant on the presence of an intact thymus.
Antibody ‐ Induced Platelet Injury: Its Potency as a Trigger of Intravascular Clotting
Authors: EVENSEN STEIN A. , ELGJO RAGNA FØLLING 
Published: August 2010

Rabbits were injected with platelet antiserum to investigate whether antibody‐induced injury of platelets triggers intravascular clotting. More than 97 % of the circulating platelets were acutely removed, and profound thrombocytopenia persisted during an observation period of 6 hrs. The thrombocytopenic effect of platelet antiserum was associated with moderately increased consumption of 125I‐fibrinogen and significant decreases in factors V and VIII, while the level of antigen reacting like fibrinogen (FR‐antigen) in serum did not increase.The antiserum produced a transient leucopenia, and the effects of platelet antiserum were therefore also evaluated in rabbits made severely leucopenic, but not thrombocytopenic, with nitrogen mustard. Similar results were obtained, indicating that the consumption of clotting factors did not result from leucocyte injury. Pretreatment with Thorotrast reduced rather than enhanced the clotting changes after platelet antiserum. In these animals non‐clottable degradation products of fibrinogen were found in serum. In neither group were fibrin thrombi observed in glomerular capillaries at autopsy. Our findings support the concept that antibody‐induced injury of the platelet membrane triggered moderate intravascular clotting in normal animals. Thorotrast modified the response probably in multiple ways.
Reduced Number of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia during Administration of Clofazimine (B 663)
Authors: BRANDT L. 
Published: August 2010

7 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in relapse were given a daily oral dose of 100–600 mg of clofazimine, a phenazine derivative, for 4 weeks. During this period there was a significant decrease in the WBC in venous blood mainly due to a lowering of the number of mature granulocytes by about 30 %. In 4 patients the blood histamine level was determined before and during administration of the drug and proved to be lowered indicating a reduction also of basophilic leucocytes. The haemoglobin concentration and the thrombocyte counts were not significantly affected and splenomegaly seemed to be constant during the period. On continuous administration of the drug for a longer period of time the WBC tended to return towards higher values. In one patient given the drug during three separate periods, every course of treatment was associated with a lowering of the WBC.The reduction of the circulating granulocyte pool was probably not a cytotoxic effect since long‐term treatment of leprosy patients with the drug is not associated with haematologic side effects. It has previously been found that oral administration of clofazimine causes an increase of the subnormal phagocytic capacity of mature neutrophils in CML. Since phagocytic activity and adhesiveness seem to be related functions of the granulocytes, the stimulatory effect of clofazimine might increase the adhesion of neutrophils to capillary walls. Such a mechanism might possibly reduce the abnormally long time of circulation of granulocytes known to contribute to leucocytosis in CML.Apart from a moderate and reversible reddish discoloration of the skin, no side effects were observed and the response to subsequent treatment with busulphan or splenic irradiation was satisfactory.
On the Mechanism of Platelet Aggregation Induced by Heparin, Protamine and Polybrene
Authors: EIKA C. 
Published: August 2010

Heparin and the two heparin‐neutralizing agents protamine and polybrene aggregated washed human platelets by different mechanisms. The aggregation by heparin was preceded by a lag phase and was inhibited by EDTA, adenosine, apyrase, acetylsalicylic acid and inhibitors of platelet metabolism. It is concluded that heparin aggregates platelets by inducing release of platelet ADP. In contrast, the aggregation by protamine and polybrene occurred immediately and was not influenced by the above mentioned inhibitors. It is concluded that protamine and polybrene aggregate platelets by a direct effect on the platelet membrane. Polybrene was, weight for weight, approximately twice as potent as protamine, in accordance with their antiheparin effect.Some possible reasons for the conflicting reports concerning the aggregating effect of heparin on platelets are discussed.
Perturbation of Cell Cycle of Human Leukaemic Myeloblasts in vivo by Cytosine Arabinoside
Authors: Ernst Peter , Faille Annick , Killmann Sven‐Aage 
Published: August 2010

The effect of a single intravenous flash injection of cytosine‐arabinoside (ARA‐C) (2.0–2.5 mg/kg BW) on the cell cycle of leukaemic myeloblasts in vivo was studied in 7 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.It was found that the3H‐thymidine labelling index, the mitotic index and the mean grain count of the cells showed a transitory decrease but within the observation period (36 h) returned to pretreatment values. Microspectrophotometric measurements of single cell DNA content suggested an undisturbed flux of cells into DNA synthesis from G1phase. The findings are in accordance with the assumption that ARA‐C arrests cells in DNA synthesis without directly interfering with the progression of cells through G1, G2, or mitosis. Problems of cell synchronization and recruitment due to cytotoxic therapy are discussed.
Subcellular Localization of Platelet Factor 3 and Platelet Factor 4
Authors: Day H. James , Stormorken H. , Holmsen H. 
Published: August 2010

The subcellular distribution of platelet factor 3 and 4 (PF‐3 and 4) activity has been determined in sucrose gradient fractions of platelet homogenates. The distribution patterns were influenced by the homogenization technique (blendor or pestle) and the method of calculation (total activity or per mg protein).The bulk PF‐3 activity was present in membraneous fractions both from granular and plasma membranes with negligible amounts in the soluble fraction. In contrast, PF‐4 activity appeared in small amounts in the membraneous fraction with a distribution of about one third in the soluble fraction and two thirds in the granule fraction, particularly the higher density fractions which fractions also contain the serotonin and the non‐metabolic adenine nucleotides.
A Biochemical Study of Erythrocytes in Swedish Families with p ‐Thalassaemia Minor
Authors: Hjelm Magnus , Samuelson Gosta 
Published: August 2010

In three ‘aboriginal’ Swedish families with β‐thalassaemia minor the contents of Ery‐Hb A2 and Ery‐Hb F seem not to vary with time (age). The results were entirely the same in both young and adult β‐thalassaemic individuals. The erythrocyte contents of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase expressed per unit volume of cells were increased in accordance with findings in β‐thalassaemia minor from the Mediterranean area.The erythrocyte concentrations of ATP and ADP, also calculated as per cent volume of cells, were decreased, the concentrations of G6P + F6P and DPG increased. These findings are not specific for the disease, as they have also been registered in iron deficiency anaemia. There are indications, however, that the glycolytic system of β‐thalassaemic erythrocytes can increase the oxygen releasing capacity of the haemoglobin mass to the same extent as in other types of anaemia.
Influence of Two Different Beta‐Adrenergic Blocking Agents on the Increase in Fibrinolytic Activity and Factor VIII Activity during Submaximum and Maximum Exercise
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer , Conradson Thor‐Björn 
Published: August 2010

Oral administration of the beta‐adrenergic blocking agents alprenol and propranolol did not influence the increase in factor VIII and fibrinolytic activity during sub‐maximum and maximum physical exercise.During a submaximum work a continuous increase both in factor VIII and fibrinolytic activity was seen. In the following 30 min period of rest the fibrinolytic activity decreased while the factor VIII activity remained high. A maximum work load at the end of the resting period gave rise to a new increase both in factor VIII and fibrinolytic activity. Thus submaximum work of long duration did not abolish the ability to respond with increase in factor VIII and fibrinolytic activity in connection with a maximum work load.
Bone‐Marrow Biopsy with the Bordier Trephine
Authors: Helleberg‐Rasmussen Inge , Søndergaard‐Petersen Helena 
Published: August 2010

The experience gained within a 12‐month period in 89 bone‐marrow biopsies performed by means of the Bordier trephine is reported.The Bordier trephine is larger (inner diameter, 5 mm) than other previously described instruments devised for bone‐marrow biopsy. The specimens are taken from the region posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine below the iliac crest, using a special cutting technique by which the bone is completely perforated.The trephine is easy to use and, by the proper technique, invariably yields suitable histological material. From a diagnostic point of view, the large size of the specimen obtained is a great advantage.The only complication encountered in the series was the development of a haematoma in a non‐thrombocytopenic patient.EDTA is recommended for the decalcification of the specimens.
Neutrophil Kinetics in Corticosteroid Induced Neutrophilia Measured by Plasma Lysozyme
Authors: Karle Hans , Hansen Niels Ebbe 
Published: August 2010

A single dose of prednisone (2 mg/kg orally) resulted in a mean rise in neutrophil counts to 2.3 (range 1.5–3.6) and a mean decrease in plasma lysozyme to 0.73 (range 0.50–0.87) times the value before the steroid was given in 10 haematologically normal persons. There was no change in the intraneutrophilic lysozyme activity.It is concluded that the decrease in plasma lysozyme is compatible with a reduction in the egress of neutrophils to the tissues and a decrease in the neutrophil turnover rate.
L‐Asparaginase and Prednisolone Pretreatment Followed by Rubidomycin and Cytosine Arabinoside for Induction of Remission in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Udén A.‐M. , Brenning G. , Engstedt L. , Franzén S. , Gahrton G. , Gullbring B. , Holm G. , Höglund S. , Jameson S. , Killander A. , Killander D. , Lockner D. , Wellstedt H. , Palmblad J. , Reizenstein P. , Skårberg K.‐O. , Swedberg B. , Wadman B. , Wide L. 
Published: August 2010

77 unselected adult patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), including practically all AML patients from an area with 1.9 million inhabitants, were randomized for either (1) 5 days pretreatment with l‐asparaginase and prednisolone followed by a combination of rubidomycin and cytosine arabinoside (ARAP), or (2) treatment with a combination of rubidomycin, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone without l‐asparaginase pretreatment (RAP). Complete remission was induced with ARAP in 12 patients (31%) and with RAP in 13 patients (34%). Thus pretreatment with l‐asparaginase did not improve the therapeutic response.The overall remission frequency was significantly higher below the age of 60; 50% compared to 13% above this age.Side‐effects such as liver dysfunction, nausea and vomiting were more common in patients pretreated with l‐asparaginase.Sterilization of the gut did not improve the remission frequency with either regime.
Analysis of a Fibrin Formation Abnormality in a Case of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Soria Jeannette , Soria Claudine , Samama Meyer , Fine Jean Marie , Bousser Jacques 
Published: August 2010

Studies were performed to analyse the inhibitory effect of a myeloma globulin (IgG) on fibrin formation.This inhibitory activity was very intense and caused a severe bleeding disorder which proved fatal.The isolated myeloma globulin inhibited all three stages of fibrin formation: the proteolytic action of thrombin on fibrinogen, the aggregation of fibrin monomers and the stabilization of fibrin by cross‐linkages in the γ and α chains. Purified factor XIII, even in excess, previously activated by the addition of thrombin and calcium, did not correct this defect in cross linking. Our results suggest that this myeloma globulin induced a blockage of some receptors near the cross linking sites.
Megakaryocyte Quantifications in Relation to Thrombokinetics in Primary Thrombocythaemia and Allied Diseases
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Ridell Börje , Swolin Birgitta , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

Megakaryocyte morphology was studied quantitatively in primary thrombocythaemia (PT) and in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). The relation of thrombokinetics to megakaryocyte quantifications was evaluated in PT and compared to previously obtained results in polycythaemia Vera (PV) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Megakaryocyte area, number and volume per μl bone marrow were significantly higher in PT as compared to controls. The nuclear lobe number was significantly increased and the megakaryocytes were shifted towards more mature forms, suggesting a prolonged megakaryocyte generation time. In CML the megakaryocyte number and volume per μl bone marrow were also significantly above normal, but the megakaryocyte area, number of lobes and degree of megakaryocytic maturation were significantly below normal.Platelet production was in PT 6.2 times normal and proportional to the increase in megakaryocyte volume which was 6.8 times normal. In PV with major splenomegaly the mean platelet production rate was higher (9.5 times normal) although their peripheral platelet count was lower than in PT. This discrepancy is explained by the greatly enlarged splenic platelet pool in the PV patients. In ITP the mean platelet production rate was 2.2 to 3 times normal and was significantly lower than in PT and PV.
A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Immunological Study of 84 Cases of Lymphacytic Leukaemia and Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Polliack Aaron , Siegal Frederick P. , Clarkson Bayard D. , Fu Shu Man , Winchester Robert J. , Lampen Nina , Siegal Marta , Harven Etienne De 
Published: August 2010

The surface features of cells from 84 cases of lymphocytic leukaemia, and related lymphoproliferative disorders are described as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of the 46 cases of CLL were shown to be B‐derived, but rare cases of mixed B and T cell leukaemia and leukaemia with cells bearing both B and T markers were also encountered. Despite the existence of a spectrum of cell surface morphology, it was possible in many cases to identify a dominant cell type. Cells from cases of B derived malignancies were most frequently of the ‘predominantly villous’ type while a smaller proportion of cases were of the predominantly ‘smoother’ or ‘mixed villous and smooth’ type. Variations in surface morphology also occurred with progression of the disease.In most cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) ‘smoother’ cells predominated. However, more cases of ALL and T derived leukaemia need to be examined before definite conclusions can be drawn concerning the surface of these cell types. This study also illustrates the importance of examining large numbers of cases of leukaemia, before conclusions are drawn concerning their surface features and indicates that SEM cannot consistently distinguish between leukaemic B and T cells. It will be of interest to determine whether the surface architecture of the leukaemic cell is related to the degree of cell differentiation and eventual prognosis in these cases.