bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the production of hydrogen by the purple non‐sulphur phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila KU001
Authors: Merugu Ramchander , Rudra M. P. Pratap , Badgu Nageshwari , Girisham S. , Reddy S. M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryRhodopseudomonas acidophila KU001 was isolated from leather industry effluents and the effect of different cultural conditions on hydrogen production was studied. Anaerobic light induced more hydrogen production than anaerobic dark conditions. Growing cells produced more amounts of hydrogen between 96 and 144 h of incubation. Resting and growing cells preferred a pH of 6.0 ± 0.24 for hydrogen production. Succinate was the most preferred carbon source for the production of hydrogen while citrate was a poor source of carbon. Acetate and malate were also good carbon sources for hydrogen production under anaerobic light. Among the nitrogen sources, R. acidophila preferred ammonium chloride followed by urea for production of hydrogen. L‐tyrosine was the least preferred nitrogen source by both growing and resting cells.
Percutaneous drainage of gastric remnant dilatation after laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Bibyan M , Khandelwal RG , Parmar AK , Reddy PK 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is a commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. Gastric remnant dilatation is an uncommon early complication of this procedure that can be fatal if treatment is delayed, as it can cause peritonitis and death. Herein we report a gastric bypass patient who presented with profound shock 3 months after the surgery. After resuscitation and evaluation, she was diagnosed as having a massive dilatation of gastric remnant, which we managed with percutaneous drainage.
Long‐term outcomes of add‐on adefovir dipivoxil therapy to ongoing lamivudine in patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Toyama Takashi , Ishida Hisashi , Ishibashi Hiromi , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Nakamuta Makoto , Shimada Masaaki , Ohta Hajime , Satoh Takeaki , Kato Michio , Hijioka Taizo , Takano Hirotsugu , Komeda Toshiki , Yagura Michiyasu , Mano Hiroshi , Watanabe Yukio , Kobayashi Masakazu , Mita Eiji 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  Add‐on adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy has been a standard rescue treatment for patients with lamivudine (LAM)‐resistant chronic hepatitis B, but the overall benefits of long‐term add‐on ADV therapy are still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term efficiency of add‐on ADV treatment and to explore predictive factors associated with it.Methods:  A total of 158 patients with LAM‐resistant chronic hepatitis B were included in this retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Japan. After confirming LAM resistance, ADV was added to LAM treatment. Three types of events were considered as outcomes: virological response, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. Virological response was defined as serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels of less than 3 log copies/mL. Baseline factors contributing to these outcomes were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:  The median total duration of ADV treatment was 41 months (range, 6–84). The rate of virological response was 90.8% at 4 years of treatment; HBeAg clearance and ALT normalization were achieved by 34.0% and 82.7%, respectively, at the end of follow up. Each outcome had different predictive factors: baseline HBV DNA and albumin level were predictive factors for virological response, history of interferon therapy and ALT level for HBeAg clearance, and sex and baseline albumin level for ALT normalization.Conclusion:  Long‐term add‐on ADV treatment was highly effective in LAM‐resistant chronic hepatitis B patients in terms of virological and biochemical responses. Lower HBV replication and lower albumin level at baseline led to better outcomes.
Lameness associated with tarsocrural joint pathology in 17 mature horses (1997–2010)
Authors: Fleck S. K. V. , Dyson S. J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryPain originating from the tarsus is a common cause of lameness; however, there are limited descriptions of tarsocrural joint (TCrJ) pathology in mature horses. The objectives were to describe the clinical features and diagnostic imaging findings of skeletally mature horses with TCrJ pathology, and to determine the clinical outcome. Case records and images of 17 horses examined at the Animal Health Trust, between 1997 and 2010, with pathology associated with the TCrJ were evaluated and follow‐up information obtained. TCrJ pathology was associated with a range of conditions and resulted in mild to severe lameness. Perineural analgesia of the tibial and fibular nerves improved lameness in all limbs, whereas intra‐articular analgesia of the TCrJ improved lameness >50% in 12/17 limbs (70.6%), <50% in 3/17 limbs (17.6%) and in 2 limbs produced no change. Radiological abnormalities of the TCrJ were identified in 8/19 (42.1%) limbs. Nuclear scintigraphy detected abnormalities of the TCrJ in 4/11 (36.4%) limbs. Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the TCrJ were identified in 4/10 (40%) limbs; all horses had chronic synovitis. In addition, one horse also had a large amount of fluid, of heterogeneous echogenicity, consistent with haemarthrosis, confirmed by arthrocentesis. Abnormalities on magnetic resonance images were identified in one limb. Abnormalities of the TCrJ were identified arthroscopically in 4/5 (80%) lame limbs; however, one horse that responded positively to intra‐articular analgesia had no detectable abnormality. Two horses returned to full athletic function following rest: one with TCrJ haemarthrosis, and one with an incomplete parasagittal fracture of the talus. Intra‐articular medication resulted in improvement in lameness and return to work in one horse with osteoarthritis (OA) of the TCrJ, but had no effect in any other horse. We conclude that the prognosis for return to work is poor for horses with both OA of the TCrJ, and osteochondritis dissecans and secondary OA.
Screen Play: Chronoscope, 1951, 11pm
Authors: Yazbeck Alessandro Balteo , Farzin Media 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
“Screen Play” is a collaged conversation that entangles complementary views on international politics during the Cold War, particularly in relation to Iran. The text is a direct transcription from the Longines Chronoscope television news program (1951–55), but the speakers' words have been edited to bring them in dialogue with each other, emphasizing the program's role in the manufacture of consent, as a sounding board for Cold War discourse, and as a precursor of today's infotainment.
Climatological Evolution of the Okinawa Baiu and Differences in Large-Scale Features during May and June
Authors: Okada Yasuko , Yamazaki Koji 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Okinawa baiu (summer rainy season) starts in early May and ends in late June, preceding the baiu in mainland Japan by approximately 1 month. This study investigates the time evolution of the large-scale circulation associated with the Okinawa baiu using 10-yr (1997–2006) climatologies of precipitation and meteorological fields, with particular focus on temperature advection at 500 hPa.The onset of the Okinawa baiu occurs in early May and is followed by an initial peak in precipitation during mid-May. The baiu rainband then moves southeastward, leading to a short break in baiu precipitation during late May. The rainband returns to Okinawa in early June, and a second peak in precipitation occurs during mid-June. The baiu rainband withdraws northward in late June. The mid-May precipitation peak is associated with warm advection at 500 hPa, mainly due to the meridional temperature gradient and the prevailing southerly winds. This warm advection coincides with upward motion near Okinawa; however, the warm advection is insufficient to explain the peak precipitation amount. Enhancement of precipitation by a transient disturbance probably contributes to the peak amount. The break period during late May coincides with the peak of South China Sea monsoon. Warm advection at 500 hPa strengthens again in June because of the strong zonal thermal contrast between the warm Tibetan Plateau and cold Pacific. This warm advection is able to adequately explain both the upward motion and precipitation. These results indicate that the large-scale meteorological characteristics are different during the first and second peaks.
Relative Merit of Model Improvement versus Availability of Retrospective Forecasts: The Case of Climate Forecast System MJO Prediction
Authors: Zhang Qin , van den Dool Huug 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Retrospective forecasts of the new NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) have been analyzed out to 45 days from 1999 to 2009 with four members (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC) each day. The new version of CFS [CFS, version 2 (CFSv2)] shows significant improvement over the older CFS [CFS, version 1 (CFSv1)] in predicting the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), with skill reaching 2–3 weeks in comparison with the CFSv1’s skill of nearly 1 week. Diagnostics of experiments related to the MJO forecast show that the systematic error correction, possible only because of the enormous hindcast dataset and the ensemble aspects of the prediction system (4 times a day), do contribute to improved forecasts. But the main reason is the improvement in the model and initial conditions between 1995 and 2010.
Touloutoutou and Tet Mare Churches: Language, Class and Protestantism in the Haitian Diaspora of the Bahamas
Authors: Louis Bertin M. 
Published: April 2012

Within Haiti’s growing transnational Protestant community, there are different types of churches and adherents that practice traditional forms of Protestant Christianity (such as the Adventist, Methodist and Baptist faiths) and Pentecostal/Charismatic forms of Protestant Christianity. Using Michèle Lamont’s work on symbolic boundaries, I explore how Haitian Protestants living in New Providence, Bahamas, differentiate these two major Haitian Protestant church cultures through the use of denigrating terms about differing religious traditions. Churches which practice traditional forms of Haitian Protestantism, for example, are sometimes called touloutoutou churches. Churches where Pentecostal/Charismatic forms of Haitian Protestantism are practiced are sometimes referred to as tet mare churches by some Haitian Protestants. In addition, practitioners’ descriptions reflect issues of social class and contested notions of Christian authenticity among Haitian Protestants in the Bahamas. Dans la communauté haïtienne protestante transnationale, il existe différents types d’églises et de fidèles qui forment une pratique traditionnelle du christianisme protestant (comme les adventistes, méthodistes et les religions Baptiste) et pentecôtiste / charismatique qui forment le christianisme protestant. Avec l’utilisation du travail de Michèle Lamont sur les frontières symboliques, j’explore comment les protestants haïtiens vivant à New Providence, Bahamas, peuvent faire la différence entre ces deux grandes cultures haïtiennes grâce à l’utilisation des termes dénigrants au sujet de traditions religieuses différentes. Les églises haïtiennes qui pratiquent les formes traditionnelles du protestantisme, par exemple, sont parfois appelées « églises touloutoutou ». D’autre part, les églises où les formes pentecôtiste / charismatique du protestantisme haïtien sont pratiquées sont parfois dénommés « églises tèt mare » pour certains protestants haïtiens. En outre, les descriptions des praticiens reflètent les questions de classe sociale et les notions d’authenticité chrétienne attaquée chez les protestants haïtiens aux Bahamas.
Sublingual Flumazenil for the Residual Effects of Hypnotics: Zolpidem and Brotizolam
Authors: Katz Neriel , Pillar Giora , Peled Eli , Segev Adi , Peled Nir 
Published: April 2012

AbstractResidual morning drowsiness is a frequent side effect of hypnotics. This study examined the safety and efficacy of sublingual Flumazenil in reversing the residual hypnotic effect. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover study with 20 healthy subjects who slept for 1.5 hours following sleep induction was conducted. Upon awakening, they underwent neurocognitive tests including immediate word recall test (iWRT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and mood/performance questionnaires. They were then treated by Flumazenil or placebo and were reevaluated after 20 and 60 minutes. A week later, the same procedures were performed (placebo/Flumazenil accordingly). All 20 volunteers completed the study. Flumazenil was superior to placebo by 59% to 93% (P < .05‐.001) in improving performance in the various neurocognitive tasks. Subjects reported a significant improvement in vigilance with Flumazenil, both at 20 minutes and 60 minutes. iWRT improved with Flumazenil vs placebo at 20 minutes (4.2 ± 0.8 vs 1.3 ± 0.9 words, P < .005) and 60 minutes (5.4 ± 1.1 vs 1.2 ± 1.2 words, P < .02). Sublingual administration of Flumazenil is safe and effective in reversing the hypnotic effects of Zolpidem and Brotizolam. This may offer a comprehensive and safer treatment for insomniac patients.
Comparative Sirolimus Pharmacokinetics After Single‐Dose Administration of Two Prototype 0.5‐mg Tablets in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Korth‐Bradley Joan M. , Bhattacharya Indranil , Matschke Kyle , Diehl Annette M. , Longfellow Carl , Gourley Ian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAvailability of a lower dose tablet would add to the dosing flexibility of currently available 1‐ and 2‐mg sirolimus tablets for optimal concentrations and patient compliance. A randomized, 3‐period crossover study was conducted in 30 fasting healthy volunteers (29 men, aged 31 ± 8 years, weight 79 ± 12 kg). Subjects were given 5 mg of sirolimus, either as doses of the 0.5‐mg nonshellac‐core prototype, 0.5‐mg shellac‐core prototype, or approved 1‐mg tablet. Whole blood samples were collected at selected time points for 144 hours after dosing and analyzed using LC/MS/MS assay. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, followed by bioequivalence assessment. Twenty‐four subjects completed all dosing periods, and no formulation‐associated adverse events were reported. Ratios of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve to the last measured concentration (AUCT), and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC) for the nonshellac‐core prototype compared with the 1‐mg tablet were within the 80% to 125% range dictated by bioequivalence conventions. Similar results were observed when comparing the ratios of AUCT and AUC for the shellac‐core prototype, while 90% confidence interval of the ratio of Cmax values was 105% to 129%. Within the context of clinical equivalence standards established by a phase 3 study comparing liquid to tablet formulations, it was concluded that both prototypes were clinically bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
Atypical DNA methylation of genes encoding cysteine-rich peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: You Wanhui , Tyczewska Agata , Spencer Matthew , Daxinger Lucia , Schmid Marc W , Grossniklaus Ueli , Simon Stacey A , Meyers Blake C , Matzke Antonius JM , Matzke Marjori 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
In plants, transposons and non-protein-coding repeats are epigenetically silenced by CG and non-CG methylation. This pattern of methylation is mediated in part by small RNAs and two specialized RNA polymerases, termed Pol IV and Pol V, in a process called RNA-directed DNA methylation. By contrast, many protein-coding genes transcribed by Pol II contain in their gene bodies exclusively CG methylation that is independent of small RNAs and Pol IV/Pol V activities. It is unclear how the different methylation machineries distinguish between transposons and genes. Here we report on a group of atypical genes that display in their coding region a transposon-like methylation pattern, which is associated with gene silencing in sporophytic tissues.

Results
We performed a methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis to search for targets of RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified several members of a gene family encoding cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs). In leaves, the CRP genes are silent and their coding regions contain dense, transposon-like methylation in CG, CHG and CHH contexts, which depends partly on the Pol IV/Pol V pathway and small RNAs. Methylation in the coding region is reduced, however, in the synergid cells of the female gametophyte, where the CRP genes are specifically expressed. Further demonstrating that expressed CRP genes lack gene body methylation, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of the constitutive 35 S promoter remains unmethylated in leaves and is transcribed to produce a translatable mRNA. By contrast, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of a CRP4 promoter fragment acquires CG and non-CG methylation in the CRP coding region in leaves similar to the silent endogenous CRP4 gene.

Conclusions
Unlike CG methylation in gene bodies, which does not dramatically affect Pol II transcription, combined CG and non-CG methylation in CRP coding regions is likely to contribute to gene silencing in leaves because loss of this methylation in synergid cells is associated with CRP gene expression. We discuss this unusual methylation pattern and its alteration in synergid cells as well as the possible retrogene origin and evolutionary significance of CRP genes that are methylated like transposons.
The effectiveness and cost evaluation of pain exposure physical therapy and conventional therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barnhoorn Karlijn J , Oostendorp Rob A B , van Dongen Robert T M , Klomp Frank P , Samwel Han , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Adang Eddy , Groenewoud Hans , van de Meent Henk , Frölke Jan Paul M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Pain Exposure Physical Therapy is a new treatment option for patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1. It has been evaluated in retrospective as well as in prospective studies and proven to be safe and possibly effective. This indicates that Pain Exposure Physical Therapy is now ready for clinical evaluation. The results of an earlier performed pilot study with an n = 1 design, in which 20 patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 were treated with Pain Exposure Physical Therapy, were used for the design and power calculation of the present study.
After completion and evaluation of this phase III study, a multi-centre implementation study will be conducted.
The aim of this study is to determine whether Pain Exposure Physical Therapy can improve functional outcomes in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1.

Methods/design
This study is designed as a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. 62 patients will be randomized with a follow-up of 9 months to demonstrate the expected treatment effect. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 is diagnosed in accordance with the Bruehl/International Association for the Study of Pain criteria. Conventional therapy in accordance with the Dutch guideline will be compared with Pain Exposure Physical Therapy. Primary outcome measure is the Impairment level SumScore, restricted version.

Discussion
This is the first randomized controlled study with single blinding that has ever been planned in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 and does not focus on a single aspect of the pain syndrome but compares treatment strategies based on completely different pathophysiological and cognitive theories.

Trial registration
Clinical trials NCT00817128; National Trial Register NTR2090
Prospective evaluation of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of non-falciparum and mixed-species malaria in Gabon
Authors: Mombo-Ngoma Ghyslain , Kleine Christian , Basra Arti , Würbel Heike , Diop Daisy A , Capan Mesküre , Adegnika Ayola A , Kurth Florian , Mordmüller Benjamin , Joanny Fanny , Kremsner Peter G , Ramharter Michael , Bélard Sabine 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
The recommendation of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria is supported by a plethora of high quality clinical trials. However, their recommendation for the treatment of mixed-species malaria and the large-scale use for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria in endemic regions is based on anecdotal rather than systematic clinical evidence.

Methods
This study prospectively observed the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated non-falciparum or mixed-species malaria in two routine district hospitals in the Central African country of Gabon.

Results
Forty patients suffering from uncomplicated Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale or mixed-species malaria (including Plasmodium falciparum) presenting at the hospital received artemether-lumefantrine treatment and were followed up. All evaluable patients (n = 38) showed an adequate clinical and parasitological response on Day 28 after oral treatment with artemether-lumefantrine (95% confidence interval: 0.91,1). All adverse events were of mild to moderate intensity and completely resolved by the end of study.

Conclusions
This first systematic assessment of artemether-lumefantrine treatment for P. malariae, P. ovale and mixed-species malaria demonstrated a high cure rate of 100% and a favourable tolerability profile, and thus lends support to the practice of treating non-falciparum or mixed-species malaria, or all cases of malaria without definite species differentiation, with artemether-lumefantrine in Gabon.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00725777