bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus on the competencies required for public health nutrition workforce development in Europe – the JobNut project
Authors: Jonsdottir Svandis , Hughes Roger , Thorsdottir Inga , Yngve Agneta 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and develop consensus among a European panel of public health nutrition stakeholders regarding the competencies required for effective public health nutrition practice and the level of proficiency required in different practice contexts.DesignA modified Delphi study involving three rounds of questionnaires.SettingEuropean Union.SubjectsPublic health nutrition workforce development stakeholders, including academics, practitioners and employers, from twenty European countries.ResultsA total of fifty-two expert panellists (84 % of an initial panel of sixty-two Delphi participants) completed all three rounds of the Delphi study. The panellists rated the importance of fifty-seven competency units possibly required of a public health nutritionist to effectively practice (Essential competencies). Twenty-nine of the fifty-seven competency units (51 %) met the consensus criteria (≥66·7 % agreement) at the second round of the Delphi survey, with the highest agreement for competencies clustered within theNutrition science,Professional,AnalyticalandPublic health servicescompetency domains. Ratings of the level of competencies required for different levels in the workforce indicated that for a public health nutrition specialist, advanced-level competency was required across almost all the twenty-nine competencies rated as essential. There were limited differences in rating responses between academics and employer panellists throughout the Delphi study.ConclusionsCompetencies identified as essential can be used to review current public health nutrition practices and provide the basis for curriculum design and re-development, continuing education and workforce quality assurance systems in Europe. These are all important tools for systematic and strategic workforce development.
Interception des malocclusions de Classe II d'Angle
Authors: Soyer Yves 
Published: March 2010

Dans les cas de malocclusion de Classe III, l'orthopédie interceptive peut éliminer certains facteurs limitant le développement d'une harmonie occlusale ainsi que les causes défavorables à une évolution normale de l'appareil manducateur.
L'auteur présente trois cas traités.
Place de l'arc plan au sein de l'orthopédie dento-faciale
Authors: Sorel Olivier 
Published: March 2010

L'arc plan est une technique orthodontique utilisant des attaches informées. Cette technique s'applique aux différentes philosophies ou écoles telles que celle de Begg, de Ricketts ou de Tweed.
La place de cette technique au sein de l'orthopédie dento-faciale est variable suivant qu'il s'agit de cas orthodontiques "simples", de cas complexes d'orthopédie/orthodontie ou de chirurgie/orthodontie ou de cas d'orthodontie accompagnés d'ajustement squelettique par le biais de la croissance.
Ce n'est pas une solution universelle bien qu'elle présente un potentiel thérapeutique large et efficace.
Staircase tableaux, the asymmetric exclusion process, and Askey-Wilson polynomials
Authors: Corteel Sylvie , Williams Lauren K. 
Published: March 2010

We introduce some combinatorial objects called staircase tableaux, which have cardinality 4

n

n
!, and connect them to both the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) and Askey-Wilson polynomials. The ASEP is a model from statistical mechanics introduced in the late 1960s, which describes a system of interacting particles hopping left and right on a one-dimensional lattice of
n
sites with open boundaries. It has been cited as a model for traffic flow and translation in protein synthesis. In its most general form, particles may enter and exit at the left with probabilities α and γ, and they may exit and enter at the right with probabilities β and δ. In the bulk, the probability of hopping left is
q
times the probability of hopping right. Our first result is a formula for the stationary distribution of the ASEP with all parameters general, in terms of staircase tableaux. Our second result is a formula for the moments of (the weight function of) Askey-Wilson polynomials, also in terms of staircase tableaux. Since the 1980s there has been a great deal of work giving combinatorial formulas for moments of classical orthogonal polynomials (e.g. Hermite, Charlier, Laguerre); among these polynomials, the Askey-Wilson polynomials are the most important, because they are at the top of the hierarchy of classical orthogonal polynomials.
MOTHER'S EMPLOYMENT: CULTURAL IMPRINT OR INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE?
Authors: Hummelsheim Dina , Hirschle Jochen 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
In the public and scientific discussion on the political scope of action for improving employment opportunities for mothers, cultural aspects of female labour market participation often remain ignored. This study argues that employment decisions of mothers vary not only with the institutional settings but also with the dominant representative culture of a region. In order to study the effects of culture and institutions on maternal employment, Belgium, East, and West Germany are selected for empirical analysis. In a first step the article demonstrates that these regions differ considerably in terms of family political measures but also in terms of the cultural orientations with regard to female employment. While both Belgium and East Germany (but not West Germany) have well-developed public childcare systems for the under-3s, East Germans have a more favourable opinion towards female employment than Belgians. In a second step the study shows by means of panel analyses that these cultural differences strongly determine female employment behavior. Results indicate that both East and West German mothers have significantly higher employment probabilities in the long-run than Belgian mothers. The well-developed childcare infrastructure and the short parental leave lead only temporarily – right after childbirth – to higher employment rates among Belgian mothers. With increasing age of the child the significance of cultural dispositions result in higher overall employment probabilities among German mothers. These empirical findings support the theoretical approach of Pfau-Effinger in treating both institutional structures and culture as (equally) crucial factors in explaining cross-national differences in mothers' employment.
Improved survival with bisoprolol in patients with heart failure and renal impairment: an analysis of the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS‐II) trial
Authors: Castagno Davide , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. , Lewsey James D. , Erdmann Erland , Zannad Faiez , Remme Willem J. , Lopez‐Sendon José L. , Lechat Philippe , Follath Ferenc , Höglund Christer , Mareev Viacheslav , Sadowski Zygmunt , Seabra‐Gomes Ricardo J. , Dargie Henry J. 
Published: March 2010

AimsInformation on the effectiveness of beta‐blockade in patients with heart failure (HF) and concomitant renal impairment is scarce and beta‐blockers are underutilized in these patients.Methods and resultsThe Cockcroft–Gault formula normalized for body surface‐area was used to estimate renal function (eGFRBSA) in 2622 patients with HF, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, New York Heart Association class III/IV and serum creatinine <300 μmol/L (3.4 mg/dL) in the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II. Patients were divided into four sub‐groups according to baseline eGFRBSA (<45, 45–60, 60–75 and ≥75 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Cox proportional‐hazards models adjusted for pre‐specified confounders were used to assess the effect of bisoprolol and potential heterogeneity of effect across the eGFRBSA sub‐groups. Older age, female‐sex, diabetes and ischaemic‐aetiology were more common in those with reduced eGFRBSA. The hazard associated with bisoprolol use for all‐cause mortality, the composite of all‐cause mortality or HF‐hospitalization and HF‐hospitalization alone was consistently <1.0 across eGFRBSA categories with no treatment by renal‐function interaction (P = 0.81, P = 0.66, P = 0.71, respectively). The rate of bisoprolol discontinuation was higher in patients with eGFRBSA < 45 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Nevertheless the absolute benefit of bisoprolol was greater for patients with chronic kidney disease compared with those without.ConclusionThe beneficial effects of bisoprolol on mortality and hospitalization for worsening heart‐failure were not modified by baseline eGFRBSA. Renal impairment should not prevent the use of bisoprolol in patients with HF.
A guide to toxicity assessment and monitoring effects at lower levels of biological organization following marine oil spills in European waters
Authors: Martínez-Gómez C. , Vethaak A. D. , Hylland K. , Burgeot T. , Köhler A. , Lyons B. P. , Thain J. , Gubbins M. J. , Davies I. M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Martínez-Gómez, C., Vethaak, A. D., Hylland, K., Burgeot, T., Köhler, A., Lyons, B. P., Thain, J., Gubbins, M. J., and Davies, I. M. 2010. A guide to toxicity assessment and monitoring effects at lower levels of biological organization following marine oil spills in European waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1105–1118. The usefulness of applying biological-effects techniques (bioassays and biomarkers) as tools to assist in evaluating damage to the health of marine ecosystems produced by oil spills has been demonstrated clearly during recent decades. Guidelines are provided for the use of biological-effects techniques in oil spill pollution monitoring for the NE Atlantic coasts and the NW Mediterranean Sea. The emphasis is on fish and invertebrates and on methods at lower levels of organization (in vitro, suborganismal, and individual). Guidance is provided to researchers and environmental managers on: hazard identification of the fuel oil released; selection of appropriate bioassays and biomarkers for environmental risk assessment; selection of sentinel species; the design of spatial and temporal surveys; and the control of potential confounding factors in the sampling and interpretation of biological-effects data. It is proposed that after an oil spill incident, a monitoring programme using integrated chemical and biological techniques be initiated as soon as possible for ecological risk assessment, pollution control, and monitoring the efficacy of remediation. This can be done by developing new biomonitoring programmes or by adding appropriate biological-effects methods to the existing monitoring programmes.
Differentiating Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae from Other Species Isolated from Foliage of Rhododendrons
Authors: Widmer T. L. 
Published: March 2010

Phytophthora species are among plant pathogens that are the most threatening to agriculture. After the discovery of P. ramorum, surveys have identified new species and new reports on rhododendrons. Based upon propagule production, morphology, and colony growth, a dichotomous key was produced that can differentiate P. ramorum and P. kernoviae from other species known to be pathogenic to aerial plant parts of rhododendrons. These distinctions were made without molecular tools and wide-ranging variables such as propagule sizes and can be made without the need for a large culture collection. Accepted for publication 17 December 2009. Published 17 March 2010.
Medtentia Double Helix Mitral Annuloplasty System Evaluated in a Porcine Experimental Model
Authors: Jensen Henrik , Simpanen Jarmo , Smerup Morten , Bjerre Marianne , Bramsen Morten , Werkkala Kalervo , Vainikka Tiina , Hasenkam J. Michael , Wierup Per 
Published: March 2010

Objective To further develop and improve minimally invasive surgical procedures, dedicated appropriate surgical devices are mandatory. In this study, the safety and feasibility of implanting the novel Medtentia double helix mitral annuloplasty ring, which uses the key-ring principle to potentially allow faster and sutureless implantation, was assessed using both minimally invasive and conventional surgical techniques. Because of ethical concerns, a human compatible porcine experimental model of mitral valve surgery was used. Methods Twelve 50-kg pigs were allocated to implantation of the Medtentia double helix annuloplasty ring using conventional midline sternotomy including cardioplegic arrest or a minimally invasive approach using peripheral cannulation and left ventricular fibrillation. Ten weeks after surgery, echocardiography was performed to assess mitral valve function. Animals were then killed, and gross mitral valve anatomy was examined ex vivo. Results All animals survived 10 weeks without developing mitral regurgitation, structural leaflet damage, ring dehiscence, or endocarditis. In the minimally invasive compared with the midline sternotomy group (mean ± SD), significantly reduced recovery time (80 ± 16vs. 327 ± 23 minutes, P < 0.01) and a tendency toward increased operating time (199 ± 33 vs. 168 ± 15 minutes, P > 0.05) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (98 ± 12 vs. 91 ± 11 minutes, P > 0.05) were observed. Conclusions By using a both minimally invasive and conventional midline sternotomy implantation techniques, the Medtentia double helix annuloplasty ring showed no mitral valve dysfunction or tissue damage 10 weeks postoperatively.
“Beyond Beating Heart Surgery” Heartstring Device Protects against Perioperative Neurological Events
Authors: Sakopoulos Andreas G. , Jacobson John G. , Wilson Don R. , Huse Wilfred M. 
Published: March 2010

Objective There is a growing body of evidence favoring off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) over traditional coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass as a method for reducing perioperative neurologic events. Aortic manipulation, whether with OPCAB or coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, is strongly linked with adverse neurologic outcomes. Although the aortic “no-touch” technique has merit, most cardiac surgeons are reluctant to base entire myocardial revascularization exclusively on mammary pedicles. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with OPCAB combined with the use of a Heartstring proximal anastomotic device, as a strategy for reducing clinically evident cerebrovascular accidents. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven consecutive isolated OPCAB were performed without the use of a side-biting aortic clamp. In all these operations, a Heartstring device was used, permitting clampless hand-sutured proximal anastomoses. All patients were managed in this fashion regardless of the status of their ascending aorta. A mean of 3.4 bypasses were performed during each operation, with one or two mammary arteries harvested routinely. In 98% of patients, a single proximal anastomosis was performed; there was liberal use of sequential bypass grafts. Results Mean age was 69.3 years, with 17% octogenarians. Preexisting cerebrovascular disease was present in 22.4% of patients. There were no clinically evident perioperative neurologic events in any patients. There were no operative deaths. Conclusions This series suggests that OPCAB performed with a single, clampless, proximal aortic anastomosis, and with a Heartstring device may protect against perioperative strokes.
Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Cheng Davy C. H. , Ad Niv , Martin Janet , Berglin Eva E. , Chang Byung-Chul , Doukas George , Gammie James S. , Nitta Takashi , Wolf Randall K. , Puskas John D. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives This meta-analysis sought to determine whether surgical ablation improves clinical outcomes and resource utilization compared with no ablation in adult patients with persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify all randomized (RCT) and nonrandomized (non-RCT) controlled trials of surgical ablation versus no ablation in patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery up to April 2009. The primary outcome was sinus rhythm. Secondary outcomes included survival and any other reported clinically relevant outcome or indicator of resource utilization. Odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were analyzed as appropriate using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic. Meta-regression was performed to explore the relationship between the benefit from surgical AF and duration of follow-up. Results Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (10 RCTs and 23 non-RCTs) for a total of 4647 patients. The number of patients in sinus rhythm was significantly improved at discharge in the surgical AF ablation group versus (68.6%) the surgery alone group (23.0%) in RCTs (OR 10.1, 95% CI 4.5–22.5) and non-RCTs (OR 7.15, 95% CI 3.42–14.95). This effect on sinus rhythm (74.6% vs. 18.4%) remained at follow-up of 1 to 5 years (OR 6.7, 95% CI 2.8–15.7 for RCT, and OR 15.5, 95% CI 6.6–36.7 for non-RCT). The risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days was not different between the groups in RCT (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.52–3.16) or non-RCT studies (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.52–1.87). In studies reporting all-cause mortality at 1 year or more (up to 5 years), mortality did not differ in RCT studies (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.59–2.51) but was significantly reduced in non-RCT studies (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.96). Stroke incidence was not reduced significantly; however, in meta-regression, the risk of stroke decreased significantly with longer follow-up. Other clinical outcomes were similar between groups. Operation time was significantly increased with surgical AF ablation; however, overall impact on length of stay was variable. Conclusions In patients with persistent or permanent AF who present for cardiac surgery, the addition of surgical AF ablation led to a significantly higher rate of sinus rhythm in RCT and non-RCT studies compared with cardiac surgery alone, and this effect remains robust over the longer term (1–5 years). Although non-RCT studies suggest the possibility of reduced risk of stroke and death, this remains to be proven in prospective RCTs with adequate power and follow-up.
Early Outcomes after Bilateral Thoracoscopy versus Median Sternotomy for Lung Volume Reduction
Authors: Puc Matthew M. , Sonnad Seema S. , Shrager Joseph B. 
Published: March 2010

Objective A National Emphysema Treatment Trial subanalysis, although finally describing outcomes as “comparable,” suggested that bilateral lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) may be slightly less morbid than by median sternotomy (MS). We report a single surgeon experience using both the MS and VATS approaches to provide additional information on this issue in a setting of uniform patient selection and perioperative management. Our hypothesis was that a VATS approach would provide equivalent or less morbidity than MS despite being applied to a group of patients subjectively selected to be higher risk than those undergoing MS. Methods Consecutive patients over a 9-year period underwent LVRS by one surgeon by either MS or VATS in a nonrandomized fashion. Thoracoscopy was selected over MS primarily when the surgeon estimated a greater overall risk profile and thus a greater chance of morbidity/mortality in a particular patient. Results There were 15 patients in the VATS group and 35 in the MS group. In terms of measures of risk profile, there were no differences between the groups that met statistical significance, but several values trended toward higher risk within the VATS group (eg, age, 63 VATS vs. 59 MS, P = 0.08; moderate pulmonary hypertension, 38% VATS vs. 14% MS, P = 0.11; and residual volume, 241% VATS vs. 226% MS, P = 0.32). With regard to outcomes, operative time was significantly longer in the VATS group (VATS = 155 minutes vs. MS = 129 minutes, P = 0.01). All other outcomes, including the incidence of major complications (13.3% VATS vs. 17.1% MS, P = 0.39), were similar between the groups. There was a single death within 90 days (1.9% of entire series; 2.9% of MS group). Conclusions In this series, although patients undergoing LVRS by VATS tended to have a higher risk profile, their outcomes were no worse than in those undergoing LVRS by MS. This suggests that the VATS approach to bilateral LVRS may incur slightly less morbidity and thus may be the best option in the most compromised patients who is nonetheless felt will benefit from LVRS.
A Complex Interplay of Three R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors Determines the Profile of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sønderby Ida Elken , Burow Meike , Rowe Heather C. , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Halkier Barbara Ann 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
While R2R3 MYB transcription factors are a large gene family of transcription factors within plants, comprehensive functional data in planta are still scarce. A model for studying R2R3 MYB control of metabolic networks is the glucosinolates (GLSs), secondary metabolites that control plant resistance against insects and pathogens and carry cancer-preventive properties. Three related members of the R2R3 MYB transcription factor family within Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), MYB28, MYB29, and MYB76, are the commonly defined regulators of aliphatic GLS biosynthesis. We utilized new genotypes and systems analysis techniques to test the existing regulatory model in which MYB28 is the dominant regulator, MYB29 plays a minor rheostat role, and MYB76 is largely uninvolved. We unequivocally show that MYB76 is not dependent on MYB28 and MYB29 for induction of aliphatic GLSs and that MYB76 plays a role in determining the spatial distribution of aliphatic GLSs within the leaf, pointing at a potential role of MYB76 in transport regulation. Transcriptional profiling of knockout mutants revealed that GLS metabolite levels are uncoupled from the level of transcript accumulation for aliphatic GLS biosynthetic genes. This uncoupling of chemotypes from biosynthetic transcripts suggests revising our view of the regulation of GLS metabolism from a simple linear transcription factor-promoter model to a more modular system in which transcription factors cause similar chemotypes via nonoverlapping regulatory patterns. Similar regulatory networks might exist in other secondary pathways.
CLE Peptides Control Medicago truncatula Nodulation Locally and Systemically
Authors: Mortier Virginie , Den Herder Griet , Whitford Ryan , Van de Velde Willem , Rombauts Stephane , D'haeseleer Katrien , Holsters Marcelle , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The CLAVATA3/embryo-surrounding region (CLE) peptides control the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation in plant development. We studied the role of CLE peptides during indeterminate nodule development and identified 25 MtCLE peptide genes in the Medicago truncatula genome, of which two genes, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13, had nodulation-related expression patterns that were linked to proliferation and differentiation. MtCLE13 expression was up-regulated early in nodule development. A high-to-low expression gradient radiated from the inner toward the outer cortical cell layers in a region defining the incipient nodule. At later stages, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 were expressed in differentiating nodules and in the apical part of mature, elongated nodules. Functional analysis revealed a putative role for MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in autoregulation of nodulation, a mechanism that controls the number of nodules and involves systemic signals mediated by a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, SUNN, which is active in the shoot. When MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 were ectopically expressed in transgenic roots, nodulation was abolished at the level of the nodulation factor signal transduction, and this inhibition involved long-distance signaling. In addition, composite plants with roots ectopically expressing MtCLE12 or MtCLE13 had elongated petioles. This systemic effect was not observed in transgenic roots ectopically expressing MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in a sunn-1 mutant background, although nodulation was still strongly reduced. These results suggest multiple roles for CLE signaling in nodulation.