bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of oral proton pump inhibitors is not associated with harm in patients with chronic heart failure in an ambulatory setting
Authors: Oudit Gavin Y. , Bakal Jeffrey A. , McAlister Finlay A. , Ezekowitz Justin A. 
Published: August 2011

AimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) produce negative inotropic effects on the human myocardium at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. We conducted this study to determine whether PPI use was associated with excess mortality in patients with both ischaemic and non‐ischaemic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThe impact of PPIs on all‐cause mortality was examined using a population‐based cohort of Alberta residents over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of HF, logistic regression analysis, and a nested case–control study were used to examine the association between current medication use and mortality. Compared with non‐PPI users (n= 15 676, 71% of the HF cohort), PPI users (n= 6431, 29% of the HF cohort) were more likely to be women and had more co‐morbidities. Mortality in the first year after diagnosis of HF was 32% (n= 5659) in PPI non‐users and 26% (n= 1153) in PPI users. Logistic regression modelling showed that PPI use was associated with a relative reduction in mortality rates compared with non‐use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.93]. Nested case–control analysis of the 5815 patients who died matched to 9934 controls, revealed that current PPI use was not associated with excess mortality (aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.77–1.01), while use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker s (aOR 0.70, 95%CI 0.62–0.79) or beta‐blockers (aOR 0.57, 95%CI 0.50–0.66), was associated with a relative reduction in mortality.ConclusionThe use of PPIs in patients with HF is common. Despite in vitro concerns about negative inotropic effects with PPIs, there is no association with increased risk of mortality in chronic HF patients who use PPIs in an ambulatory setting.
First Report of Iris yellow spot virus Infecting Onion in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Birithia R. , Subramanian S. , Pappu H. R. , Sseruwagi P. , Muthomi J. W. , Narla R. D. 
Published: August 2011

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the key vegetables produced by small-holder farmers for the domestic markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Biotic factors, including infestation by thrips pests such as Thrips tabaci Lindeman, can inflict as much as 60% yield loss. Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) transmitted by T. tabaci is an economically important viral pathogen of bulb and seed onion crops in many onion-growing areas of the world (2,4). In Africa, IYSV has been reported in Reunion (1) and South Africa (3). In September 2009, symptoms suspected to be caused by IYSV were observed on onions and leeks cultivated in Nairobi, Kenya. Symptoms consisted of spindle-shaped, straw-colored, irregular chlorotic lesions with occasional green islands on the leaves. The presence of the virus was confirmed with IYSV-specific Agdia Flash kits (Agdia Inc., Elkart, IN). Subsequently, surveys were undertaken in small-holder farms in onion production areas of Makueni (January 2010) and Mwea (August 2010) in Kenya and Kasese (January 2010) and Rwimi (January 2010) in Uganda. The incidence of disease in these locations ranged between 27 and 72%. Onion leaves showing symptoms of IYSV infection collected from both locations tested positive for the virus by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA with IYSV-specific antiserum (Agdia Inc). IYSV infection was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR with primers IYSV-465c: 5′-AGCAAAGTGAGAGGACCACC-3′ and IYSV-239f: 5′-TGAGCCCCAATCAAGACG3′ (3) as forward and reverse primers, respectively. Amplicons of approximately 240 bp were obtained from all symptomatic test samples but not from healthy and water controls. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced from each of the sampled regions. Consensus sequence for each isolate was derived from at least three clones. The IYSV-Kenya isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ711616) had the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 97% with the corresponding region of IYSV isolates from Sri Lanka (GenBank Accession No. GU901211), followed by the isolates from India (GenBank Accession Nos. EU310287 and EU310290). The IYSV-Uganda isolate (GenBank Accession No. HQ711615) showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 95% with the corresponding region of IYSV isolates from Sri Lanka (GenBank Accession No. GU901211) and India (95% with GenBank Accession Nos. EU310274 and EU310297). To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV infecting onion in Kenya and Uganda. Further surveys and monitoring of IYSV incidence and distribution in the region, along with its impact on the yield, are under investigation. References: (1) L. J. du Toit et al. Plant Dis. 91:1203, 2007. (2) D. H. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 88:446, 2004. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Plant Dis 92:588, 2008. (4) H. R. Pappu et al. Virus Res. 141:219, 2009.
Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and tolerability of a novel analogue of human pancreatic polypeptide, PP 1420
Authors: Tan Tricia M. , Field Benjamin C. T. , Minnion James S. , Cuenco‐Shillito Joyceline , Chambers Edward S. , Zac‐Varghese Sagen , Brindley Charlie J. , Mt‐Isa Shahrul , Fiorentino Francesca , Ashby Deborah , Ward Ian , Ghatei Mohammad A. , Bloom Stephen R. 
Published: August 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) is a natural pancreatic hormone that suppresses appetite after meals.• When exogenous hPP is given to healthy human volunteers, it causes a reduction in food intake.• PP 1420 is a longer acting analogue of hPP that has been developed as a novel treatment for obesity.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• PP 1420 has been shown to be well tolerated in healthy human volunteers.• PP 1420 has been shown to have an extended terminal elimination half‐life compared with hPP.AIMS The objectives of this phase 1 study were to confirm the tolerability of single ascending subcutaneous doses of PP 1420 in healthy subjects, to assess its adverse effects and to investigate the drug's pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality.METHODS This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study. There were three dosing periods. Each subject (n= 12) was randomized to receive one dose of placebo and two ascending doses of PP 1420, given as a subcutaneous injection. Blood samples were taken over 24 h to assess pharmacokinetics. Standard safety and laboratory data were collected. The primary endpoint was the tolerability of PP 1420. The secondary endpoint was exposure to PP 1420 as assessed by Cmax and AUC(0,∞).RESULTS PP 1420 was well tolerated by all subjects with no serious adverse effects. Following single subcutaneous doses of PP 1420 at 2, 4 and 8 mg to male subjects, Cmax was reached at a median tmax of approximately 1 h post dose (range 0.32–2.00 h). Thereafter, plasma concentrations of PP 1420 declined with geometric mean apparent terminal elimination t1/2 ranging from 2.42–2.61 h (range 1.64–3.95 h) across all dose levels.CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous PP 1420 was well tolerated in healthy human subjects at single doses between 2–8 mg, with no tolerability issues arising. Where observed, adverse events were not serious, and there was no evidence of a dose‐relationship to frequency of adverse events. The results therefore support the conduct of clinical trials to investigate efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics during repeated dosing.
Dental caries and its association with diet and dental erosion in Libyan schoolchildren
Authors: HUEW RASMIA , WATERHOUSE PAULA , MOYNIHAN PAULA , KOMETA SIMON , MAGUIRE ANNE 
Published: August 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 22: 68–76Background.  The change towards a more Westernised diet in Libya may increase the risk of caries and erosion in children.Aims.  To investigate any association between dental caries, dental erosion, and potential dietary risk factors in Libyan schoolchildren.Methods.  A random sample of 791 schoolchildren aged 12 years underwent dental examination for caries and erosion and completed a questionnaire to provide dietary data. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO (Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, 1997) criteria. Erosion was assessed using UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS, Young People Aged 4–18 years. Volume 2: Report of the Oral Health Survey, 2000) criteria. Associations between caries and dietary variables were investigated through bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results.  Of the 791 12‐year olds, 57.8% (457) had caries experience and 40.8% (323) had experience of erosion. One hundred and ninety‐two subjects (42%) of the subjects with caries experience also had erosion, whilst 131 subjects (39.2%) of the 334 without caries had clinical signs of erosion (P = 0.464; OR, 1.123; 95% CI, 0.842, 1.497). There was no statistically significantly relationship between dental caries and dental erosion. Frequency of consumption of fruit‐based sugared drinks was statistically significantly positively associated with experience of caries (P = 0.002).Conclusions.  Dental caries experience was associated with frequency of consumption of sugared dietary items but not with dental erosion.
Nursing the patient with complex communication needs: time as a barrier and a facilitator to successful communication in hospital
Authors: Hemsley Bronwyn , Balandin Susan , Worrall Linda 
Published: August 2011

hemsley b., balandin s. & worrall l. (2012) Nursing the patient with complex communication needs: time as a barrier and a facilitator to successful communication in hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 116–126.AbstractBackground.  Effective nurse–patient communication is an essential aspect of health care. Time to communicate, however, is limited and subject to workload demands. Little is known about how nurses manage this ‘lack of time’ when caring for patients with developmental disability and complex communication needs, who typically communicate at a slow rate.Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ expressed concepts of ‘time’ in stories about communicating with patients with developmental disability and complex communication needs in hospital.Method.  In 2009, 15 hospital nurses from a range of wards in two metropolitan hospitals participated in interviews about barriers to and strategies for successful communication with patients with developmental disability and complex communication needs in hospital. The data were analysed using narrative inquiry methodology and the stories verified with the participants.Results.  Nurses identified ‘time’ as a barrier and a facilitator to successful communication. Time as a barrier was related thematically to avoiding direct communication and preferring that family or paid carers communicated on behalf of the patient. Time as a facilitator was related to valuing communication, investing extra time, and to applying a range of adaptive communication strategies to establish successful communication.Conclusions.  Time is perceived by nurses as both an enemy and friend for improving communication. Nurses who perceive that communication takes too long may avoid communication and miss opportunities to improve communication through increased familiarity with the person’s communication methods. Those who take time to communicate narrate applying a range of strategies to achieve success in basic needs communication.
Nurse‐led primary healthcare walk‐in centres: an integrative literature review
Authors: Desborough Jane , Forrest Laura , Parker Rhian 
Published: August 2011

desborough j., forrest l. & parker r. (2012) Nurse‐led primary healthcare walk‐in centres: an integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 248–263.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of an integrative review of the international literature examining established nurse‐led primary healthcare walk‐in centres and their outcomes to understand whether they are effective in improving access to primary health care.Background.  Reviews of nurse‐led primary care walk‐in centres have included centres staffed by family physicians and general practitioners. There is a paucity of evidence about walk‐in centres staffed solely by nurses.Data sources.  Studies were identified through an electronic search using the databases Medline, Cinahl and EBSCO from 1990 until July 2010. Papers were included if they examined walk‐in centres providing nurse‐led primary care for the general community. Only peer reviewed studies published in English were included.Review methods.  An integrative approach utilizing Bowling’s checklist facilitated a systematic appraisal of studies in regard to clarity of aims, objectives, methods and appropriate analysis of data.Results.  Thirteen publications were categorized into five themes: ‘users of walk‐in centres’, ‘quality of care provided at walk‐in centres’, ‘impact on other healthcare providers’, ‘perceptions of walk‐in centres’ and ‘satisfaction with walk‐in centres’.Conclusion.  The possibility that walk‐in centres create demand highlights the need for clearer evidence of the drivers of demand for health care in walk‐in centres. Innovations in healthcare provision need to be matched with adaptation to nursing education to ensure an adequately prepared nursing workforce. Improvement in access to primary healthcare needs to be measured in terms of equity and the capacity this access has to fill identified gaps in primary healthcare provision in the community.
A profile of older emergency department attendees: findings from an Irish study
Authors: Fealy Gerard M. , Treacy Margaret , Drennan Jonathan , Naughton Corina , Butler Michelle , Lyons Imogen 
Published: August 2011

fealy g.m., treacy m., drennan j., naughton c., butler m. & lyons i. (2011) A profile of older emergency department attendees: findings from an Irish study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1003–1013.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of a study of older emergency department attendees’ demographic, health and social profiles.Background.  Relative to the general population, older people are higher users of hospital emergency departments. Attendance is most often associated with medical need, including a chronic condition and related morbidities.Method.  A series of standardized health and social profiling questionnaires was administered to a non‐probability sample of 307 older emergency department attendees. The sample was recruited during the spring‐summer and autumn‐winter periods in 2008 and 2009 at two hospitals in the city of Dublin. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were recruited as they presented to the emergency department during the hours 8 am to midnight. The sample was stratified into those admitted and those discharged, with the aim of equally representing each stratum. Data were collected at the time of the index visit or shortly following hospital admission.Findings.  Medical conditions accounted for almost half of all reasons for attendance and the health profile of the sample was characteristic of a population of chronically ill older people. Relative to the national picture for older people’s social networks in Ireland, a proportion of the sample was at risk of social isolation.Conclusions.  In the absence of other avenues to treatment and based on health profile and diagnostic category, older people’s attendance at the emergency department was appropriate. The hospital emergency department remains a major arm of the Irish health service in dealing with the morbidity associated with enduring illness.
Historical biogeography of the arid‐adapted velvet antSphaeropthalma arota(Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) reveals cryptic species
Authors: Wilson Joseph S. , Clark Sarah L. , Williams Kevin A. , Pitts James P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim To investigate the phylogeographic patterns among populations of the wide‐ranging velvet antSphaeropthalma arotato (1) examine the biogeographic patterns within this species, and (2) associate major genetic divergences to historical vicariance events in order to gain insight into the processes that drove diversification in arid‐adapted organisms.Location Western North America.Methods Phylogenetic relationships were determined by analysing the two ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) in MrBayes. Divergence dates were estimated for major nodes using two different molecular dating analyses: a penalized likelihood approach to rate smoothing using the programr8s, and a Bayesian MCMC averaging approach to rate smoothing using the programbeast. Both analyses were calibrated using fossils from Dominican amber. Haplotype networks were estimated usingtcs. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were developed using six bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim data set in the program Maxent.Results The phylogenetic reconstructions indicate thatS. arotacan be split into four deeply divergent lineages that probably represent distinct species. No morphological characters were found that can be used to identify these four species, making theS. arotaspecies complex the first documented cryptic species complex in the family Mutillidae. Ecological niche models provide estimated distributions, which indicate that each of the four species inhabits a distinct niche. Divergence date estimates suggest that major diversification events occurred in the late Neogene.Main conclusions Sphaeropthalma arotais composed of four genetically distinct species that cannot be distinguished morphologically based on current methods. We suggest that the members of this group be identified as theS.arotaspecies complex. Major diversification events in this species complex can be linked to late Neogene mountain building and aridification events, specifically the uplift of the mountain ranges in southern California and the expansion of the Bouse Sea.
Biogeography of tuna and billfish communities
Authors: Reygondeau Gabriel , Maury Olivier , Beaugrand Gregory , Fromentin Jean Marc , Fonteneau Alain , Cury Philippe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  The aims of this study were: (1) to identify global communities of tuna and billfish species through quantitative statistical analyses of global fisheries data; (2) to describe the spatial distribution, main environmental drivers and species composition of each community detected; and (3) to determine whether the spatial distribution of each community could be linked to the environmental conditions that affect lower trophic levels by comparing the partitions identified in this study with Longhurst’s biogeochemical provinces.Location  The global ocean from 60° S to 65° N.Methods  We implemented a new numerical procedure based on a hierarchical clustering method and a nonparametric probabilistic test to divide the oceanic biosphere into biomes and ecoregions. This procedure was applied to a database that comprised standardized data on commercial longline catches for 15 different species of tuna and billfish over a period of more than 50 years (i.e. 1953–2007). For each ecoregion identified (i.e. characteristic tuna and billfish community), we analysed the relationships between species composition and environmental factors. Finally, we compared the biogeochemical provinces of Longhurst with the ecoregions that we identified.Results  Tuna and billfish species form nine well‐defined communities across the global ocean. Each community occurs in regions with specific environmental conditions and shows a distinctive species composition. High similarity (68.8% homogeneity) between the spatial distribution of the communities of tuna and billfish and the biogeochemical provinces suggests a strong relationship between these species and the physical and chemical characteristics of the global ocean.Main conclusions  Despite their high tolerance for a wide range of environmental conditions, these highly migratory species are partitioned into clear geographical communities in the ocean at a global scale. The similarity between biogeochemical and biotic divisions in the ocean suggests that the global ocean is a mosaic of large biogeographical ecosystems, each characterized by specific environmental conditions that have a strong effect on the composition of the trophic web.
Breastfeeding: validation of a reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score in a group of Italian women
Authors: Zobbi Virna Franca , Calistri Daniela , Consonni Dario , Nordio Francesco , Costantini Walter , Mauri Paola Agnese 
Published: August 2011

Aim and objective.  To assess the accuracy of a reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score in a group of Italian women; the reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score considers only five of the eight original Breastfeeding Assessment Score items studied, those not indicating a pathology.Background.  The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life because of its many benefits. A prognostic approach that identifies mothers at increased risk of early breastfeeding cessation is needed to provide preventive support. The Breastfeeding Assessment Score is useful to this approach.Design.  This is a descriptive, prospective study. This study involves two Italian hospitals.Method.  We included healthy Italian mothers who gave birth from 7 July 2008–15 January 2009. The exclusion criteria on the convenience sample were: non‐Italian nationality, birth under 36 weeks and twin birth. The authors calculated a reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score (‘reduced’ because the original eight items studied by Hall, were reduced to five) 48 hours after birth. After 4 weeks a structured follow‐up telephone interview was carried out: the primary outcome was breastfeeding cessation.Results.  We recruited 386 women, with six lost during follow‐up. Out of 380 women, 127 (33·4%) stopped breastfeeding. With a cut off point of 8, the reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score sensitivity was 52·0%, which increased to 77·9% by using a cut‐off point of 9. We also calculated a modified Breastfeeding Assessment Score with different age categories, which is adequate based on the Italian situation: in this case sensitivity was 70·1%. This study suggests that a reduced Breastfeeding Assessment Score with a different cut‐off point or modified with a different age classification is useful in identifying Italian mothers who will discontinue breastfeeding, as in both cases sensitivity does increase.Relevance to clinical practice.  Italian midwives could use this modified Breastfeeding Assessment Score to identify mothers at increased risk of early breastfeeding cessation.