bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniature snapshot mid-infrared spectrometer based on metal-insulator-metal metasurface
Authors: Liu Weijun , Wan Yuanqing , Yu Haoxiang , Yuan Quan , Li Tianyue , Xue Fang , Wang Shuming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Metasurfaces showcase the performance of light field manipulation at the subwavelength scale, generating tremendous applications in the field of optical imaging and sensing, especially in spectroscopic detection. Here, we demonstrate a spectral detector comprising metal-insulator-metal composite structures working in the mid-infrared band, which can effectively collect and restore target spectral characteristics in the mid-infrared band with a trained reconstruction algorithm. The proposed device consists of snapshot multichannel detection and spectral reconstruction, showing an average spectral reconstruction accuracy approaching 80% of the system. Moreover, we discuss the feasibility of applying this structural design to a miniature spectrometer over a wider infrared wavelength range by proposing a feasible design strategy. Our results provide a novel approach for low-cost and portable mid-infrared spectroscopic detection in ultracompact mid-infrared spectral imaging and sensing elements.
Channel multiplexing of FSO systems based on singular optics approaches
Authors: Mokhun I , Vasnetsov M , Felde Ch , Galushko Y , Karabchiyvskiy M , Viktorovskaya Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article proposes two new methods for multiplexing-demultiplexing communication channels in the FSO system, based on singular optics approaches. The first makes use of computer generated vortex holograms installed in the transmitting and receiving modules of the systems, which make it possible to generate and separate communication channels formed by vortex beams with different topological charges. The second method, spatial singular multiplexing, is based on the property of singular beams to restore angular momentum when vortex beams propagate in a medium with physical disturbances. The method uses opaque screens installed in the transmitting block of the system, which diaphragm the vortex beams. As a result of this operation, the centers of the vortices in the receiving part of the system are displaced, which makes it possible to separate the beams that are differently blocked in the transmitting unit. Computer simulation data and experimental results are presented.
Introduction
Authors: Krotoszynski, Jr. Ronald J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary United States, the federal judiciary, notably including the conservative majority on the Supreme Court, embraces “textualist originalism” as the primary interpretative methodology in constitutional adjudication. Coupled with a commitment to the “original public meaning” of the Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Civil War Amendments, in theory this approach constrains judicial discretion by limiting the power of judges to interpret independently constitutional text. In the context of the First Amendment, however, this commitment to textualist originalism gets largely, arguably completely, disregarded in favor of a dynamic, purposive, “living tree” approach that reads all four of the First Amendment’s speech-related clauses as creating a general rule against government censorship of speech that has any arguable connection to the marketplace of political ideas. The actual words of the First Amendment, and the four independent clauses, more or less go out the window. This demonstrates, with convincing clarity, the limited relevance of constitutional text to the protection of expressive freedom. Rather than hewing closely and carefully to the text and original public meaning, judges in the United States use a common law process to develop and refine free speech principles over time and on an interstitial basis. This ongoing process of common law constitutionalism—not the text—serves as the primary means through which the Article III courts define and protect expressive freedom.
Abdominal CT findings characteristic of Castleman disease: multi-centre review of 76 adult cases with abdominopelvic nodal involvement
Authors: Pickhardt Perry J , Wong Vincenzo K , Mellnick Vincent , Sugi Mark , Aswani Yashant 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Characterize the CT findings of abdominopelvic Castleman disease, including a new observation involving the perinodal fat.

Methods
Multi-centre search at 5 institutions yielded 76 adults (mean age, 42.1 ± 14.3 years; 38 women/38 men) meeting inclusion criteria of histopathologically proven Castleman disease with nodal involvement at abdominopelvic CT. Retrospective review of the dominant nodal mass was assessed for size, attenuation, and presence of calcification, and for prominence and soft-tissue infiltration of the perinodal fat. Hypervascular nodal enhancement was based on both subjective and objective comparison with aortic blood pool attenuation.

Results
Abdominal involvement was unicentric in 48.7% (37/76) and multicentric in 51.3% (39/76), including 31 cases with extra-abdominal involvement. Histopathologic subtypes included hyaline vascular variant (HVV), plasma cell variant (PCV), mixed HVV/PCV, and HHV-8 variant in 39, 25, 3 and 9 cases, respectively. The dominant nodal mass measured 4.4 ± 1.9 cm and 3.2 ± 1.7 cm in mean long- and short-axis, respectively, and appeared hypervascular in 58.6% (41/70 with IV contrast). Internal calcification was seen in 22.4% (17/76). Infiltration of the perinodal fat, with or without hypertrophy, was present in 56.6% (43/76), more frequent with hypervascular vs non-hypervascular nodal masses (80.5% vs 20.7%; P &lt; .001). Among HVV cases, 76.9% were unicentric, 71.1% appeared hypervascular, and 69.2% demonstrated perinodal fat infiltration.

Conclusion
Hypervascular nodal masses demonstrating prominence and infiltration of perinodal fat at CT can suggest the specific diagnosis of Castleman disease, especially the HVV.

Advances in knowledge
Abdominopelvic nodal masses that demonstrate hypervascular enhancement and prominent infiltration of the perinodal fat at CT can suggest the diagnosis of Castleman disease, but nonetheless requires tissue sampling.
Seeing Beyond the Surface: Superior Performance of Ultrasound Elastography over Milan Ultrasound Criteria in Distinguishing Fibrosis of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Zhu Feng , Chen Xin , Qiu Xueni , Guo Wenwen , Wang Xuesong , Cao Junying , Gong Jianfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Colonic fibrosis has important clinical implications in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Ultrasound imaging has emerged as a convenient and reliable tool in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to explore the potential use of ultrasound to evaluate UC fibrosis.

Methods
Consecutive UC patients who had proctocolectomy from July 2022 to September 2023 were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent bowel ultrasound examination and ultrasound elastography imaging prior to surgery. Milan ultrasound criteria [MUC] were calculated and bowel wall stiffness was determined using two mean strain ratios [MSRs]. Degree of colonic fibrosis and inflammation was measured upon histological analysis. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis was used to evaluate the performance of ultrasound-derived parameters to predict fibrosis.

Results
In all, 56 patients were enrolled with 112 segments included in analysis. The median fibrosis score was 2 [0-4] and the median Geboes score was 5 [0-13] and these two scores were significantly correlated [p &lt; 0.001]. The muscularis mucosa thickness was significantly higher in moderate-severe fibrosis than none-mild fibrosis [p = 0.003] but bowel wall thickness was not [p = 0.082]. The strain ratios [p &lt; 0.001] and MUC [p = 0.010] were significantly higher in involved than non-involved segments. The strain ratios were correlated with fibrosis score [p &lt; 0.001] but not MUC [p = 0.387]. At ROC analysis, mean strain ratio 1 [MSR1] had an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.828 [cutoff value 3.07, 95% CI 0.746-0.893, p &lt; 0.001] to predict moderate-severe fibrosis.

Conclusion
Ultrasound elastography imaging could predict the degree of colonic fibrosis in UC. Application of this technique could help disease monitoring and decision making in UC patients.
Singularity points and their degeneracies in anisotropic media
Authors: Stovas Alexey , Roganov Yuriy , Roganov Vyacheslav 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
We define double (S1S2) and triple (PS1S2) singularity points and their degeneracy classes in triclinic anisotropic media. We derive equations for the group velocity image for all these cases. The degeneracy classes are defined by factorization of quadratic (double singularity point) and cubic (triple singularity point) forms with three variables.
APIR: Aggregating Universal Proteomics Database Search Algorithms for Peptide Identification with FDR Control
Authors: Chen Yiling Elaine , Ge Xinzhou , Woyshner Kyla , McDermott MeiLu , Manousopoulou Antigoni , Ficarro Scott B , Marto Jarrod A , Li Kexin , Wang Leo David , Li Jingyi Jessica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled high-throughput analysis of proteomes in biological systems. The state-of-the-art MS data analysis relies on database search algorithms to quantify proteins by identifying peptide–spectrum matches (PSMs), which convert mass spectra to peptide sequences. Different database search algorithms use distinct search strategies and thus may identify unique PSMs. However, no existing approaches can aggregate all user-specified database search algorithms with a guaranteed increase in the number of identified peptides and a control on the false discovery rate (FDR). To fill in this gap, we proposed a statistical framework, Aggregation of Peptide Identification Results (APIR), that is universally compatible with all database search algorithms. Notably, under an FDR threshold, APIR is guaranteed to identify at least as many, if not more, peptides as individual database search algorithms do. Evaluation of APIR on a complex proteomics standard dataset showed that APIR outpowers individual database search algorithms and empirically controls the FDR. Real data studies showed that APIR can identify disease-related proteins and post-translational modifications missed by some individual database search algorithms. The APIR framework is easily extendable to aggregating discoveries made by multiple algorithms in other high-throughput biomedical data analysis, e.g., differential gene expression analysis on RNA sequencing data. The APIR R package is available at https://github.com/yiling0210/APIR.
Risks of regionalized stock assessments for widely distributed species like the panmictic European eel
Authors: Höhne Leander , Briand Cédric , Freese Marko , Marohn Lasse , Pohlmann Jan-Dag , van der Hammen Tessa , Hanel Reinhold 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In fisheries management, accurate stock assessment is pivotal to determine sustainable harvest levels or the scope of conservation measures. When assessment is decentralized and methods differ regionally, adopted approaches must be subjected to rigorous quality-checking, as biased assessments may mislead management decisions. To enable recovery of the critically endangered European eel, EU countries must fulfill a biomass target of potential spawner (“silver eel”) escapement, while local eel stock assessment approaches vary widely. We summarize local approaches and results of ground-truthing studies based on direct silver eel monitoring, to evaluate the accuracy of eel stock assessments in retrospect and identify bias sources. A substantial fraction of eel habitat is currently unassessed or assessed by unvalidated approaches. Across assessment models for which validation exists, demographic models frequently overestimated actual escapement, while misestimations of extrapolation (“spatial”) models were more balanced, slightly underestimating escapement. Stock size overestimation may lead to overexploitation or insufficient conservation measures, increasing the risk of stock collapse or slow recovery in coordinated frameworks. Underestimations may imply inefficient allocation of conservation efforts or negatively affect socioeconomy. Our work highlights the risks of regionalizing assessment responsibilities along with management decisions, calling for a common assessment toolbox and centralized quality-checking routines for eel.
Barriers Experienced by First Nations Deaf People in the Justice System
Authors: Elder Brent C , Soldatić Karen , Schwartz Michael A , Barney Jody , Howard Damien , McGee Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anecdotal evidence strongly suggests that members of the First Nations Deaf community experience more barriers when engaging with the criminal justice system than those who are not deaf. Therefore, our purpose for writing this article is to highlight legal and policy issues related to First Nations Deaf people, including perspectives of professionals working with these communities, living in Australia who have difficulty in accessing supports within the criminal justice system. In this article, we present data from semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on four key themes: (a) indefinite detention and unfit to plead, (b) a need for an intersectional approach to justice, (c) applying the maximum extent of the law while minimizing social services–related resources, and (d) the need for language access and qualified sign language interpreters. Through this article and the related larger sustaining project, we seek to center the experiences and needs of First Nations Deaf communities to render supports for fair, just, and equitable access in the Australian criminal justice system to this historically marginalized group.
Mitigating the rise of unilateralism: lessons from forestry management
Authors: Messenger Gregory 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article responds to the rise in unilateralism in trade policy (particularly from the EU and USA) and considers how its negative effects, especially concerning developing countries, can be mitigated through the use of instruments of trade law in the practice of economic diplomacy. It does this in three steps: first, it challenges the dichotomy between unilateral and plurilateral approaches to trade policy, and reframes this rise in unilateralism as conceptually and practically linked to the increasing plurality of trade law’s actors, sources, and institutions (the plural-unilateral dynamic); second, trade in forest products is used as a case study to examine this dynamic, identifying underlying tensions in the use of unilateral and plurilateral policies as well as potential mechanisms of accommodation; finally, in step three, the article identifies two related avenues of accommodation to improve participation and engagement—leveraging structures of meta-governance in trade (dialogues, committees, and standards bodies). In doing so, this article both reframes debates around unilateralism and plurilateralism in trade law and policy, and places the hitherto underexplored practice of economic diplomacy at the heart of means to improve trade relations.
Past five years on strategies and applications in hybrid brain storm optimization algorithms: a review
Authors: Simić Dragan , Banković Zorana , Villar José R , Calvo-Rolle José Luis , Ilin Vladimir , Simić Svetislav D , Simić Svetlana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptimization, in general, is regarded as the process of finding optimal values for the variables of a given problem in order to minimize or maximize one or more objective function(s). Brain storm optimization (BSO) algorithm solves a complex optimization problem by mimicking the human idea generating process, in which a group of people solves a problem together. The aim of this paper is to present hybrid BSO algorithm solutions in the past 5 years. This study could be divided into two parts: strategies and applications. In the first part, different strategies for the hybrid BSO algorithms intended to improve the various ability of the original BSO algorithm are displayed. In the second part, the real-world applications in the past five years in optimization, prediction and feature selection processes are presented.
Presenting data the Significance way - Part 1
Authors: Rennie Nicola , Krause Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Want to be published in Significance? Our data visualisation guide, created by Andreas Krause and Nicola Rennie, offers contributors insights, advice, and examples (with code) to make data outputs more readable, accessible, and impactful. Over the next few issues, we will publish it section by section until you have a complete guide to creating the best data visualisation for the needs of both your article and Significance magazine
Surgical management of spinal intradural metastatic pathologies: a case-based review
Authors: Thoma Constantinos , Englander Zachary K , Prezerakos Georgios 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Intradural spinal metastases significantly impair neurological function and quality of life, necessitating multimodal, palliative management to preserve mobility and alleviate pain. The effectiveness of systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited due to the blood-spinal cord barrier and the tumours’ radioresistance, respectively. This highlights the urgency for alternative treatments given the rapid neurological decline. Surgical intervention becomes crucial, focusing on maximum tumour debulking to enhance disease control, restore ambulation, and palliate symptoms without compromising neurological function. Achieving this involves meticulous preoperative planning and aggressive intraoperative neuromonitoring. Combining surgery with adjuvant therapies may improve local control and potentially delay recurrence. This case-based review emphasizes the surgical considerations and outcomes in two cases of intradural spinal metastases, underscoring the value of surgery in multimodal therapy.
Raman-based machine-learning platform reveals unique metabolic differences between IDHmut and IDHwt glioma
Authors: Lita Adrian , Sjöberg Joel , Păcioianu David , Siminea Nicoleta , Celiku Orieta , Dowdy Tyrone , Păun Andrei , Gilbert Mark R , Noushmehr Houtan , Petre Ion , Larion Mioara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue slides are routinely used in cancer diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and stored in biobanks, but their utilization in Raman spectroscopy-based studies has been limited due to the background coming from embedding media.

Methods
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy was used for molecular fingerprinting of FFPE tissue from 46 patient samples with known methylation subtypes. Spectra were used to construct tumor/non-tumor, IDH1WT/IDH1mut, and methylation-subtype classifiers. Support vector machine and random forest were used to identify the most discriminatory Raman frequencies. Stimulated Raman spectroscopy was used to validate the frequencies identified. Mass spectrometry of glioma cell lines and TCGA were used to validate the biological findings.

Results
Here, we develop APOLLO (rAman-based PathOLogy of maLignant gliOma)—a computational workflow that predicts different subtypes of glioma from spontaneous Raman spectra of FFPE tissue slides. Our novel APOLLO platform distinguishes tumors from nontumor tissue and identifies novel Raman peaks corresponding to DNA and proteins that are more intense in the tumor. APOLLO differentiates isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant (IDH1mut) from wild-type (IDH1WT) tumors and identifies cholesterol ester levels to be highly abundant in IDHmut glioma. Moreover, APOLLO achieves high discriminative power between finer, clinically relevant glioma methylation subtypes, distinguishing between the CpG island hypermethylated phenotype (G-CIMP)-high and G-CIMP-low molecular phenotypes within the IDH1mut types.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the potential of label-free Raman spectroscopy to classify glioma subtypes from FFPE slides and to extract meaningful biological information thus opening the door for future applications on these archived tissues in other cancers.
Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow)
Authors: Suarez Sharma Sarika P , Dobney Sarah L , Norris D Ryan , Doucet Stéphanie M , Newman Amy E M , Burant Joseph B , Moran Ines G , Mueller Sarah D , Spina Hayley A , Mennill Daniel J 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The size and shape of an animal’s breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male’s reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5,727 m2 (0.0057–0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived 2 years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic, and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors).