bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Polyradiate Specimens of Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum, with a bibliography of the abnormalities occurring among Cestodes
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: November 2009

A brief summary of abnormalities among Cestodes is given.A new record of melanism in T. pisiformis is made. The pigment was deposited in the vas deferens and cirrus sac in every segment.18 specimens of tri-radiate and 3 specimens of quadri-radiate T. pisiformis are described from dogs.A single case of tri-radiate D. caninum is reported.A bibliography containing records of cestode abnormalities is appended.
The Occurrence of Zinc and Other Metals in the Intestines ofStrongylusspp.
Authors: Rogers W. P. 
Published: November 2009

The intestines and their contents taken from several lots ofStrongylus edentatusandS. vulgarishave been analysed and the amounts of certain metals and sulphur present have been estimated.Zinc was found to be the most plentiful metal present, reaching a maximum of 0·58 mgs. per worm. Copper, silver and iron were the other metals recorded.
The Metabolism of Trichinosed Rats during the Intermediate Phases of the Disease
Authors: Rogers W. P. 
Published: November 2009

The action ofTrichinella spiralisinfections in markedly lowering protein digestion in rats is confined to a period 4 to 12 days afier infection. Minor disturbances in protein digestion occurring about 30 days after infection may have been due to adult females leaving the host.Over the first 12 days of infection the protein digestion was lowered (calculated as the summation of the percentage fall for each of the first 3 periods) approximately 1% for each 100 infective larvae fed. The degree of digestive disorder seemed unrelated to the number of larvae finally recovered from the hosts' tissues.Inorganic P excretion fell to a very low level 4 to 8 days after infection. Twenty-four days later the rate of excretion rose, the maximum being 2 or 3 times the normal level.Ca assimilation fell to a very low point during the second period of infection, falling again after a further 9 periods.As indicated by weight losses the most marked period of the disease occurred from the 8th to the 11th period after infection.
On Two New Species ofLytocestusfrom Burma and the Sudan Respectively
Authors: Lynsdale Jean A. 
Published: November 2009

The sub-family Lytocestinae was created by Hunter (1927) to accommodate five genera—LytocestusCohn, 1908 (type genus),BalanotaeniaJohnston, 1924,MonobothrioidesFuhrmann and Baer, 1925,DjombangieBovien, 1926, andLytocestoidesBaylis, 1928. He based the characteristics of the sub-family on the broad characters of the type genus, e.g. “Sub-family Lytocestinae Hunter, 1927. Sub-family diagnosis: Caryophyllaeidae with sexual apertures and ovary situated in the last quarter of the body length. The inner longitudinal muscles lieentirely internalto the vitellaria which are annularly arranged about the muscles in the cortical parenchyma. Uterine glands are present. Type genusLytocestusCohn, 1908.” All the foregoing characteristics are present inLytocestus. Sub-sequently, two more genera,KhawiaHsu, 1935, andStocksiaWoodland, 1937 have been added, making a total of seven genera.According to Woodland (1926) the genusLytocestusincludes the following species:L. adhaerensCohn, 1908 (type species),L. filiformis(Woodland, 1923),L. chalmersius(Woodland, 1924),L. cunningtoni(Fuhrmann and Baer, 1925),L. indicus(Moghe, 1925), andBalanotaenia bancroftiJohnston, 1924.
On Chandlerella braziliensis n.sp. from a Green-billed Toucan and a Discussion on some Related Genera
Authors: Liang-Sheng Yeh 
Published: November 2009

1. Eufilaria sergenti Seurat, 1921 is recorded from the areolar tissue of the legs and neck of the White-crested Jay-Thrush, Garrulax leucolophus from the Himalayas.2. A new species of filarial worm Chandlerella braziliensis is described from the Green-billed Toucan from Brazil. It differs from other species of Chandlerella in the presence of small preanal papillae.3. Chandlerella and Splendidofilaria which are considered as synonymous by some recent authors are considered to be valid genera by the present writer.4. The genus Buckleyfilaria Singh, 1949 is shown to be a synonym of Pseudaprocta Shikhobalova, 1930, and the genotype becomes Pseudaprocta buckleyi (Singh, 1949) n.comb.
On a New Species of the GenusCosmocercaDiesing, 1861 from a Toad,Bufo viridis, in Kashmir
Authors: Fotedar D. N. 
Published: November 2009

1. A new species,Cosmocerca kashmirensisn.sp. from the toad,Bufo viridis, in Kashmir, is described. The new species has 19 plectanes in the male tail, of which 3 plectanes are simple rosettes and resemble the compound caudal papillae of the genusCosmocercoides.2. The existing species of the genusCosmocercaDiesing, 1861 are listed and briefly described.
Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. IV. The Primary Antibody Response
Authors: Taffs L. F. 
Published: November 2009

It was possible to make a more critical study of immunity against A. suum by infecting pathogen-free, colostrum-deprived pigs produced by hysterectomy.By means of the conglutinating complement absorption test, using a saline extract of worm as antigen, antibodies were first demonstrated in the circulation of three experimentally-infected pigs between the 10th and 13th days of infection, and were detected in the sera of two of them for at least 97 days.The infections did not become patent, and no acquired immunity was shown by the pigs against a reinfection 97 days later. There was no evidence of an age immunity against migrant larvae.A rise in serum antibody was observed, within seven days of infection, in six pigs aged between 10 weeks and 11 months, following a test dose of 500,000 eggs. Three suckling pigs, aged three weeks, did not respond serologically within seven days to the same test dose.
OnEuclinostomum heterostomum(Rudolphi, 1809)
Authors: Ukoli F. M. A. 
Published: November 2009

The metacercariae ofEuclinostomum helerostomum(Rud., 1809) fromTilapia zilliandT. heudelotiand immature adults recovered from the oesophagus of the African darter and the long-tailed shag, three days eighteen hours after experimental infection with metacercaria are described.It was found that the number of diverticula from each intestinal caecum varies within species, hence Jaiswal's (1957) three species,E. bhagavantami, E. channaiandE. heptacecumare proposed as synonyms ofE. heterostomum.
The effect of induced moulting in hens on resistance to primary and secondary infections of Raillietina cesticillus Molin, 1858
Authors: Gray J. S. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTMature hens were induced to moult and were subsequently found to be resistant to both primary and secondary infections of Raillietina cesticillus, whereas non-moulting birds that continued to lay were susceptible to primary and secondary infections.
Managing graphic information in terminological knowledge bases
Authors: Prieto-Velasco Juan Antonio , López Rodríguez Clara I. 
Published: November 2009

The cognitive shift in Linguistics has affected the way linguists, lexicographers and terminologists understand and describe specialized language, and the way they represent scientific and technical concepts. The representation of terminological knowledge, as part of our encyclopaedic knowledge about the world, is crucial in multimedia terminological knowledge bases, where different media coexist to enhance the multidimensional character of knowledge representations. However, so far little attention has been paid in Terminology and Linguistics to graphic information, including visual resources and pictorial material. 	Frame-based Terminology (Faber et al. 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) advocates a multimodal conceptual description in which the structured information in terminographic definitions meshes with visual information for a better understanding of specialized concepts. In this article, we explore the relationship between visual and textual information, and search for a principled way to select images that best represent the linguistic, conceptual and contextual information contained in terminological knowledge bases, in order to contribute to a better transfer of specialized knowledge.
Cellular responses and expression profiling of human bone marrow stromal cells stimulated with enamel matrix proteins in vitro
Authors: Song Z. C. , Shu R. , Zhang X. L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate biological effects and gene expression profiles of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), on human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs), for preliminary understanding of mechanisms involved in promoting periodontal regeneration by EMPs.Materials and methods:  EMPs were extracted using the acetic acid method, and HBMSCs from human bone marrow aspirates were cultured. Attachment levels, level of cells morphologically attenuated, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and staining of HBMSCs were measured in the absence and in the presence of EMPs. Microarray analysis was performed to detect gene profiles of HBMSCs by treatment with 200 μg/ml EMPs, for 5 days. Four differential genes were selected for validation of the microarray data using real‐time PCR.Results:  EMPs promoted proliferation and ALP activity of HBMSCs in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, and at a concentration of 200 μg/ml significantly enhanced proliferation and ALP expression. However, there were no significant changes between EMP‐treated groups and the control group in cell attachment and cell process attenuation levels. Twenty‐seven genes were differentially expressed by HBMSCs in the presence of EMPs. Expressions of 18 genes were upregulated and expressions of nine genes were found to be downregulated. There was good consistency between data obtained from the validation group and microarray results.Conclusions:  EMPs promoted cell proliferation and differentiation and gene expression profiles of HBMSCs were affected. This may help elucidation of mechanisms involved in promoting regeneration of periodontal tissues by EMPs.
Treatment of functional constipation with the Yun‐chang capsule: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation trial
Authors: Jia Guo , Meng Mao‐Bin , Huang Zong‐Wen , Qing Xia , Lei Wang , Yang Xiao‐Nan , Liu Song‐Shan , Diao Jun‐Cheng , Hu Si‐Yuan , Lin Bing‐Hui , Zhang Rui‐Ming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Functional constipation is a common functional bowel disorder for which there is no reliable medical treatment. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the Yun‐chang capsule, a Chinese herbal formula, in the treatment of patients with functional constipation.Methods:  In our multi‐center, prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation trial, patients with functional constipation received 70 mg of Yun‐chang capsule plus 35 mg placebo (group A), 105 mg of Yun‐chang capsule (group B), or 105 mg placebo (group C), three times daily for 2 weeks. The primary end‐points were the changes in main symptom score and cumulative symptom score 2 weeks after the treatment. The secondary end‐points were adverse events.Results:  A total of 140 patients were recruited and 132 met the inclusion criteria; 44 patients constituted each of the three treatment groups. Compared with patients in group C, patients in groups A and B had significant improvement in the main symptom score, cumulative symptom score, the change from baseline of the main symptom score, and the change from baseline of the cumulative symptom score at week 1 and week 2. The scores showed slight superiority of group B over group A at week 1 and week 2, although these differences were not statistically significant. There were no differences in adverse events.Conclusions:  The Yun‐chang capsule is efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with functional constipation. Larger and longer‐term trials are required to fully assess the benefits and safety of this treatment for functional constipation.
Quantitative Volumetry in Patients With Carotid Disease—Effects of Acetazolamide
Authors: Eicke B. M. , Bähr R. R. , Buss E. , Doberenz C. , Paulus W. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe intracranial effects of acetazolamide on flow velocities can be monitored noninvasively by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography. Extracranial volume flow changes can now reliably be measured with color duplex M‐mode systems. The authors tested the volumetric effects of acetazolamide in patients with high‐grade unilateral carotid disease to quantify the amount of flow changes. Patients in group 1 had a high‐grade > 70% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, without collateral flow through the ophthalmic artery (OA). Patients with occluded ICA were included in group 2 (patent OA collateralization) or group 3 (no OA collateralization) (n= 6 per group). In group 1, common carotid artery (CCA) volume flow in the stenotic (normal contralateral) side increased from 271 (388) ml/min by 52 (54)% with 1 g acetazolamide intravenously. Simultaneously, middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocities increased from 54 (56) cm/s by 47 (53)%. In group 2, extracranial volume flow increased from 166 (444) ml/min by 19 (52)%. MCA flow velocities increased from 43 (65) cm/s by 13 (30)%. In group 3, volume flow increased from 159 (467) ml/min by 2 (46)%. Intracranial flow velocities rose from 49 (54) cm/s by 27 (41)%. Volume flow data showed the expected decline in patients with high‐grade ICA stenosis and even more pronounced in patients with occlusion of the vessel. Cerebral reserve capacity was less sufficient in patients with a patent OA, despite an additional supply of 30 ml/min, indicating a hemodynamically critical situation.
Extensive Subdural Mass
Authors: Vender John R. , Rupkalvis Richard , Peterson Powers , Little Brian W. , Gennarelli Thomas A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAn unusual case of a 62‐year‐old man with focal seizures, tinnitus, and progressive left hemiparesis due to an extensive subdural plasma cell granuloma is presented. Five‐year clinical and radiologic follow‐up demonstrating the chronic yet progressive nature of this granuloma is presented. This is the first report of focal calcification seen in an intracranial plasma cell granuloma. The imaging, neuropathologic, and clinical characteristics of this rare lesion are reviewed.
Photophysics and Photochemical Studies of the Vitamin B6 Group and Related Derivatives
Authors: Bueno Claudia , Pavez Paulina , Salazar Ricardo , Encinas María Victoria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe photophysics and photochemical properties of vitamin B6 constituents and analogs were studied as function of pH and solvent. The pK of the phenolic oxygen and the pyridine ring nitrogen depends on the electron donor‐acceptor ability of the 4‐substituent, and agrees with the calculated proton affinity. For all studied compounds, the fluorescence properties showed that the phenolic oxygen is 8 units more acidic in the lowest singlet excited state than in the ground state. The pyridine N‐atom is slightly more basic in the excited state. At pH of biological significance, pH 6–8, pyridoxamine and 4‐pyridoxic acid are the more efficient chromophores with higher fluorescence yield and longer lifetime. Spectroscopic studies showed that the tautomeric equilibrium depends on the nature of the 4‐substituent. The quenching of the singlet excited state of pyridoxamine and 4‐pyridoxic acid by amino acids, free or in a peptide, and DNA bases at pH 7 was studied by time‐resolved fluorescence techniques. The quenching rate constants are well correlated with the redox properties of the pyridoxinic compound and amino acids, and are related to the free energy change in the electron transfer process. Guanosine and pyrimidine bases also are efficient quenchers, involving an electron transfer reaction.
Structural Changes in Bacteriorhodopsin in Purple Membranes Induced by Irreversible Photobleaching with Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Stability
Authors: Yokoyama Yasunori , Sonoyama Masashi , Mitaku Shigeki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKinetic studies of irreversible photobleaching of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in purple membrane (PM) at neutral pH have previously indicated the existence of two kinds of species which differ in their structural stability. bR was shown to have kinetically slow‐ and fast‐decayed components with the faster one increasing with changes in intra‐ and intermolecular structures in darkness. However, our recent work reported that photobleaching kinetics above pH 10 were characterized by a single‐decay component. In order to elucidate the factors responsible for the heterogeneous or homogeneous stability of photobleaching, we conducted investigations into the structural changes in bR in PM induced by photobleaching at pH 7 and 11 by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. ATR‐FTIR spectra of bR photobleached at pH 7 and 11 showed that an increase in IR peak intensity at 1656 cm−1 occurred simultaneously with decreases at 1666 cm−1, indicating an αII‐to‐αI transition in transmembrane helices during photobleaching. The most significant change in IR spectra occurred at 1626 cm−1 for samples photobleached at pH 7, and was attributed to structures formed between adjacent molecules. The origin of the heterogeneity of photobleaching is discussed on the basis of structural characteristics found in the bleached membranes.
Peripancreatic lymph node gastrinoma
Authors: Jang Si‐Hyong , Jang Se Min , Jun Young Jin , Na Woong , Min Kyueng Whan , Jang Ki‐Seok , Paik Seung Sam 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTGastrinoma is one of the most symptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumors and is associated with recurrent gastric or duodenal ulcer and an induction of chronic gastric acid hypersecretion. This tumor is commonly involved within the gastrinoma triangle. Herein we report a peripancreatic lymph node gastrinoma in a 56‐year‐old man who was suffered from a recurrent duodenal or jejunal ulcer perforation. Octreotide scan detected a peripancreatic or periduodenal mass and the serum gastrin level was set in upper normal range (107.73 pg/mL). Whipple's procedure was performed. The resected specimen showed multiple duodenal ulcers, hypertrophic gastric body mucosa and an enlarged peripancreatic node, measured 1.5 × 1.0 cm in cross diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a single enlarged lymph node replaced by tumor cell nests with pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and ‘salt‐and‐pepper’ chromatin pattern. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, gastrin and focally positive for CD56. He was finally diagnosed as a primary lymph node gastrinoma. After operation, the patient revisited our hospital due to severe esophageal stricture and he underwent endoscopic esophagoplasty.
Sonority and Syllabicity: Acoustic Correlates of Perception
Authors: Price P.J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that native speaker-hearers are not as consistent, confident, or in agreement, on counting the number of syllables in natural utterances as is commonly assumed. There are, however, instances where speaker-hearers give clear, consistent syllable counts. It is the position of this paper that the unclear cases as well as the clear cases are phonetically classifiable in terms of sonority. The experiments presented here are intended to delimit what is meant by sonority in acoustic terms.
Allophonic Backward Masking of Stop Consonants
Authors: Alfonso Peter , Daniloff Raymond 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
During dichotic stimulation with CV [stop + vowel] syllables, 5 subjects reported right ear (RE) targets as the left ear (LE) mask syllable lagged behind RE by 0–200 ms. Seven-step synthetic speech continua for voice (/pa-ba/, /ta-da/) and place (/pa-ta/, /ba-da/) served as stimuli; stimulus 1 and 7 were phonetically ‘optimum’ allophones for the four above-mentioned phoneme contrasts. RE targets were always stimulus 1 or 7 of any given continuum, and masks were all seven allophones of the same continuum. Results showed interference only when target and mask were differing phonemes; as mask stimuli were increasingly further from the phoneme boundary separating them from the target, interference increased in amount and temporal extent, such that stimulus 1–7 pairs showed most interference. Voiceless and alveolar masks were more potent than voiced or labial masks. Results suggest that allophonic information for stops perists and is effective in dichotic interference at a very high level of the phonemic labeling process. The data support models of perception which invoke simultaneous, in-depth allophonic as well as phonemic processing of speech segments.
Changes in Age Trajectories of Smoking Experimentation During the California Tobacco Control Program
Authors: Messer Karen , Pierce John P. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. We aimed to investigate population-level changes in smoking initiation during California's Tobacco Control (CTC) Program from 1990 to 2005, a period during which tobacco industry marketing practices also changed. Methods. We used a discrete time survival analysis of data from the California Tobacco Survey to model changes in age of first smoking experimentation across birth cohorts. Results. Smoking initiation patterns were stable across cohorts aged 9 years or older at the start of the CTC program. For children entering preadolescence since 1990, initiation declined with each more recent cohort. By 2005, the observed decline in experimentation was 80% for male participants and 92% for female participants at age 12 to 14 years; by age 15 to 17 years, 10% of Californian adolescents had experimented in 2005 compared with 45% in preprogram cohorts. However, rates of new experimentation after age 17 years did not change, except for a recent increase in late experimentation (after age 20 years) among young adult men. Conclusion. Our models suggest that the CTC program greatly reduced adolescent smoking initiation among younger adolescents. Late experimentation may have recently increased among young adult men in California, coincident with an increase in tobacco industry marketing aimed at young adults.
In situ Studies and Simulations of Mould Filling with a Model System for PIM
Authors: Persson H. , Jenni M. , Nyborg L. , Rigdahl M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The processing conditions and the mould design are important parts of the powder injection moulding (PIM) process. In the present work, the mould filling phase of the process has been studied in situ with a special mould equipped with a sight glass using a high speed camera. Effects of features such as the mould temperature, the melt temperature, the surface roughness of the mould cavity, the gate dimensions, the mould design and the flow rate on the filling behaviour were demonstrated. In particular it was noted that a rougher mould surface to some extent facilitated the filling of the mould. The mould temperature, the nominal melt temperature and the flow rate affected the position of weld lines via the cooling of the feedstock and the corresponding change of the melt viscosity. The experimentally determined weld-line positions were compared with predictions from numerical simulations performed with the commercial software Moldex3D. The agreement between the experiment and the prediction was in most cases quite fair or good. The in situ observation of the mould filling also provided the possibility to study how the gate dimensions and the flow rate influenced the jetting behaviour.