bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding under Conflict Conditions: State–Space Analysis of Multivariate EEG Synchronization
Authors: Knyazeva Maria G. , Carmeli Cristian , Fornari Eleonora , Meuli Reto , Small Michael , Frackowiak Richard S. , Maeder Philippe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReal-world objects are often endowed with features that violate Gestalt principles. In our experiment, we examined the neural correlates of binding under conflict conditions in terms of the binding-by-synchronization hypothesis. We presented an ambiguous stimulus (“diamond illusion”) to 12 observers. The display consisted of four oblique gratings drifting within circular apertures. Its interpretation fluctuates between bound (“diamond”) and unbound (component gratings) percepts. To model a situation in which Gestalt-driven analysis contradicts the perceptually explicit bound interpretation, we modified the original diamond (OD) stimulus by speeding up one grating. Using OD and modified diamond (MD) stimuli, we managed to dissociate the neural correlates of Gestalt-related (OD vs. MD) and perception-related (bound vs. unbound) factors. Their interaction was expected to reveal the neural networks synchronized specifically in the conflict situation. The synchronization topography of EEG was analyzed with the multivariate S-estimator technique. We found that good Gestalt (OD vs. MD) was associated with a higher posterior synchronization in the beta-gamma band. The effect of perception manifested itself as reciprocal modulations over the posterior and anterior regions (theta/beta-gamma bands). Specifically, higher posterior and lower anterior synchronization supported the bound percept, and the opposite was true for the unbound percept. The interaction showed that binding under challenging perceptual conditions is sustained by enhanced parietal synchronization. We argue that this distributed pattern of synchronization relates to the processes of multistage integration ranging from early grouping operations in the visual areas to maintaining representations in the frontal networks of sensory memory.
Empirical Investigation of Twice-Exceptionality: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Foley Nicpon Megan , Allmon Allison , Sieck Barbara , Stinson Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2010

Gifted students with coexisting disabilities, also known as twice-exceptional, are increasingly recognized in America’s schools. This increasing awareness needs to be met with equal enthusiasm for empirical investigation into the identification and treatment needs of this group of students. In this article, a 20-year review of the empirical literature examining twice-exceptionality, specifically gifted students with learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or autism spectrum disorder, was conducted. Research strongly suggests that gifted students can have a coexisting disability and that comprehensive, individualized approaches toward diagnosis are necessary. Less is known about effective treatments and interventions that simultaneously highlight strengths and accommodate for areas of growth. Future research directions are offered that ideally will encourage scholars to discover more about effective diagnostic and intervention techniques for this very important group of gifted learners. Putting the Research to Use The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of the last 20 years of empirical research examining gifted students with specific learning disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or autism spectrum disorders. Scholars can extrapolate from this summary a research agenda that will move the field forward in the pursuit of empirically validated identification and intervention techniques with twice-exceptional learners. Educators are encouraged to use this information when developing gifted identification protocols in schools, accommodation plans for twice-exceptional students, and interventions that target specific strength and growth areas. Finally, parents of twice-exceptional learners can reference the empirical studies summarized as they search for research-based approaches to helping their child.
Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training integrated with auditory step rhythm for walking performance of patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Kim Jin-Seop , Oh Duck-Won , Kim Suhn-Yeop , Choi Jong-Duk 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To compare the effect of visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training on walking performance and to determine the clinical feasibility of incorporating auditory step rhythm into the training. Design: Randomized crossover trial. Setting: Laboratory of a Department of Physical Therapy. Subjects: Fifteen subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis. Intervention: Four locomotor imagery trainings on walking performance: visual locomotor imagery training, kinesthetic locomotor imagery training, visual locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm. Main outcome measures: The timed up-and-go test and electromyographic and kinematic analyses of the affected lower limb during one gait cycle. Results: After the interventions, significant differences were found in the timed up-and-go test results between the visual locomotor imagery training (25.69 ± 16.16 to 23.97 ± 14.30) and the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm (22.68 ± 12.35 to 15.77 ± 8.58) (P<0.05). During the swing and stance phases, the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training exhibited significantly increased activation in a greater number of muscles and increased angular displacement of the knee and ankle joints compared with the visual locomotor imagery training, and these effects were more prominent when auditory step rhythm was integrated into each form of locomotor imagery training. The activation of the hamstring during the swing phase and the gastrocnemius during the stance phase, as well as kinematic data of the knee joint, were significantly different for posttest values between the visual locomotor imagery training and the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm (P<0.05). Conclusions: The therapeutic effect may be further enhanced in the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training than in the visual locomotor imagery training. The auditory step rhythm together with the locomotor imagery training produces a greater positive effect in improving the walking performance of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.
Effects of long-term exercise training on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mameletzi Dimitra , Kouidi Evangelia , Koutlianos Nikolaos , Deligiannis Asterios 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To investigate whether a structured long-term exercise training programme in patients with coronary artery disease affects baroreflex function and cardiorespiratory efficiency. Patients: Twenty-five elderly male patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The patients were randomized into exercise (group A) or control group (group B). Group A followed a seven-month supervised exercise programme, consisting of three sessions of aerobic interval training weekly at moderate intensity. Twenty patients completed the study (group A: 10 patients and group B: 10 patients). At the beginning and end of the study, all subjects underwent a tilt test for the baroreflex sensitivity assessment and a graded exercise treadmill test with spiroergometry for the evaluation of their cardiorespiratory efficiency. Results: There were no differences between the two groups for any baseline variable. After training in group A, peak oxygen consumption, maximal treadmill tolerance time and anaerobic threshold were significantly increased by 21.9% ( P < 0.001), 19.8% ( P < 0.001) and 18.6% ( P < 0.05), respectively. There were also significant increases in baroreflex sensitivity by 21.2% ( P < 0.01), in baroreflex effectiveness index by 23.9% ( P < 0.01), in event count by 45.1% ( P < 0.01) and in ramp count by 13.2% ( P < 0.05). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the autonomic and cardiorespiratory parameters in group A at the end. Conclusion: The results suggest that long-term exercise training leads to beneficial effects on baroreflex activity and cardiorespiratory performance in coronary patients, and thus could constitute an efficient nonpharmacological intervention in this population.
Daily physical activity of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Evering Richard MH , van Weering Marit GH , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Karin CGM , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam MR 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To give an overview of the physical activity level of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in comparison with asymptomatic controls. Data sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Picarta, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register that is included in the Cochrane Library and reference tracking. Review methods: A systematic literature search was conducted focusing on studies concerning physical activity levels of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared to controls. A meta-analysis was performed to pool data of the studies. Results: Seventeen studies were included with 22 different comparisons between patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and controls. Fourteen studies, including 18 comparisons, showed lower physical activity levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome as compared to controls. Four studies, including four comparisons, showed no differences between both groups. The meta-analysis included seven studies and showed a daily physical activity level in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome of only 68% of the physical activity level observed in control subjects. The pooled mean coefficient of variation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome was higher as compared to control subjects (34.3% versus 31.5%), but this difference did not reach significance. Conclusion: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome appear to be less physically active compared with asymptomatic controls. There is no difference in variation of physical activity levels between patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy control subjects, but the validity and reliability of some methods of measuring physical activity is questionable or unknown.
Pedometer-based gait training in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hamed Nashwa Sayed , Abd-elwahab Manal Salah 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To study the effect of pedometer-based gait training on changing gait parameters in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Design: Two group randomized controlled trial with pre-treatment and posttreatment measures. Setting: Rehabilitation clinics. Subjects: Thirty spastic hemiparetic children with cerebral palsy of both sexes (13 females and 17 males) ranging in age from six to eight years old with mean age 7.05 ± 0.78 years. Interventions: Children were randomized equally to receive pedometer-based gait training or a traditional gait training programme three times per week for three successive months. Main measures: Assessment was done before and after three months of treatment application using 3D motion analysis system with six pro-reflex cameras to evaluate spatiotemporal gait parameters. The primary outcome measure was the walking velocity while the secondary outcome measures were stride length, cadence and cycle duration. Results: There was a high statistically significant improvement in favour of the study group more than the control group concerning all the measured gait parameters. T-test results showed that velocity was 0.68 ± 0.09 m/sec (0.26 ± 0.07 change score) for study group and 0.42 ± 0.11 m/sec (0.06 ± 0.05 change score) for control group (t = 6.2) (P<0.0001) while cadence was much less significant 124.3 ± 4.3 step/min (-5.8 ± 2.1 change score) for study group and 128.7 ± 4.1 step/min (-0.86 ± 0.05 change score) for control group (t = 2.8) (P<0.008). Conclusion: Pedometer-based gait training is a useful tool that can be used in improving gait parameters in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Outcome of Type II Superior Labral Anterior Posterior Repairs in Elite Overhead Athletes
Authors: Neri Brian R. , ElAttrache Neal S. , Owsley Kevin C. , Mohr Karen , Yocum Lewis A. 
Published: October 2010

Background: There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the outcome of superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) repairs in overhead athletes and a paucity of data demonstrating ability to return to prior level of competition. Hypothesis: Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score provides more accurate assessment of shoulder function and ability to return to previous level of athletic competition after SLAP lesion repair than does the conventional American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-three elite (collegiate or professional) overhead athletes who were more than 1-year status postarthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions were evaluated using both the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score. P values were computed using the analysis of variance model. Postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic scores from subjects were compared with control values obtained from a healthy athletic cohort; the relationship between the scores was investigated using the linear regression model and assessed using Pearson correlations. Results: At a mean 38-month follow-up, 13 athletes were playing pain free at the time of the questionnaire administration, 6 were playing with pain, and 4 were not playing because of pain. Regarding American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, 22 athletes (96%) had good-excellent scores, whereas 1 (4%) had a fair score. The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic scores revealed 9 excellent (39%), 3 good (13%), 4 fair (17%), and 7 poor (30%) results for the same study group. Of the 23 patients, 13 (57%) had returned to their pain-free preinjury levels of competition at final follow-up. The inability to return to this level of competition correlated with the presence of a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear ( P = .0059). The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic demonstrated better overall accuracy (85%) than did the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (70%) in evaluating return to pain-free preinjury levels. Conclusion: Return to preinjury level of competition for elite overhead athletes after type II SLAP lesion repairs was 57%, despite high American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Return to play status correlated with the presence of a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear. The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic score, designed specifically for the evaluation of the overhead athlete, was a more accurate assessment tool than was the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons in this population of elite overhead athletes with SLAP tears.
Allograft Versus Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kaeding Christopher C. , Aros Brian , Pedroza Angela , Pifel Eric , Amendola Annunziato , Andrish Jack T. , Dunn Warren R. , Marx Robert G. , McCarty Eric C. , Parker Richard D. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Tearing an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft is a devastating occurrence after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Identifying and understanding the independent predictors of ACLR graft failure is important for surgical planning, patient counseling, and efforts to decrease the risk of graft failure. Hypothesis: Patient and surgical variables will predict graft failure after ACLR. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: A multicenter group initiated a cohort study in 2002 to identify predictors of ACLR outcomes, including graft failure. First, to control for confounders, a single surgeon’s data (n = 281 ACLRs) were used to develop a multivariable regression model for ACLR graft failure. Evaluated variables were graft type (autograft vs allograft), sex, age, body mass index, activity at index injury, presence of a meniscus tear, and primary versus revision reconstruction. Second, the model was validated with the rest of the multicenter study’s data (n = 645 ACLRs) to evaluate the generalizability of the model. Results: Patient age and ACL graft type were significant predictors of graft failure for all study surgeons. Patients in the age group of 10 to 19 years had the highest percentage of graft failures. The odds of graft rupture with an allograft reconstruction are 4 times higher than those of autograft reconstructions. For each 10-year decrease in age, the odds of graft rupture increase 2.3 times. Conclusion: There is an increased risk of ACL graft rupture in patients who have undergone allograft reconstruction. Younger patients also have an increased risk of ACL graft failure. Clinical Relevance: Given these risks for ACL graft rupture, allograft ACLRs should be performed with caution in the younger patient population.
Aberrant global methylation patterns affect the molecular pathogenesis and prognosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Walker Brian A. , Wardell Christopher P. , Chiecchio Laura , Smith Emma M. , Boyd Kevin D. , Neri Antonino , Davies Faith E. , Ross Fiona M. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe used genome-wide methylation microarrays to analyze differences in CpG methylation patterns in cells relevant to the pathogenesis of myeloma plasma cells (B cells, normal plasma cells, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance [MGUS], presentation myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia). We show that methylation patterns in these cell types are capable of distinguishing nonmalignant from malignant cells and the main reason for this difference is hypomethylation of the genome at the transition from MGUS to presentation myeloma. In addition, gene-specific hypermethylation was evident at the myeloma stage. Differential methylation was also evident at the transition from myeloma to plasma cell leukemia with remethylation of the genome, particularly of genes involved in cell–cell signaling and cell adhesion, which may contribute to independence from the bone marrow microenvironment. There was a high degree of methylation variability within presentation myeloma samples, which was associated with cytogenetic differences between samples. More specifically, we found methylation subgroups were defined by translocations and hyperdiploidy, with t(4;14) myeloma having the greatest impact on DNA methylation. Two groups of hyperdiploid samples were identified, on the basis of unsupervised clustering, which had an impact on overall survival. Overall, DNA methylation changes significantly during disease progression and between cytogenetic subgroups.
Second-hand smoke exposure and the factors associated with avoidance behavior among the mothers of pre-school children: a school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Pi-Li , Huang Hsiao-Ling , Lu Kuei-Yun , Chen Ted , Lin Wei-Ting , Lee Chien-Hung , Hsu Hsiang-Ming 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Second-hand Smoke (SHS) exposure is a significant public health problem that may be responsible for serious health hazards for child. This study aimed to examine the exposure status of SHS and the factors associated with SHS avoidance behavior among the mothers of pre-school children.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was used to obtain a sample of the mothers of pre-school children (n = 1,020) in 30 registered kindergartens in eastern Taiwan. Overall, 919 (a response rate of 90%) completed the questionnaires. Regression models were used to identify factors with respect to the avoidance behavior of SHS.

Results
The prevalence of exposure to SHS was 70% and 50% for the mothers and their children, respectively. After adjusting for other variables, mothers who were current smokers (β = -0.260, p < 0.001), had spouses who smoked (β = -0.060, p < 0.05), SHS exposure (β = -0.138, p < 0.001), and/or children with exposure to SHS (β = -0.084, p < 0.05) were found to be less likely to avoid SHS, whereas mothers with a high knowledge score about SHS (β = 0.082, p < 0.01), positive attitudes (β = 0.274, p < 0.001) and a high self-efficacy level in regard to the avoidance of SHS (β = 0.397, p < 0.001) were observed to be more likely to avoid SHS. Regression analyses confirmed that the significantly factors associated with the avoidance behavior of SHS were self-efficacy, being a current smoker, and the attitude toward the avoidance of SHS to be that of 55.5% of the total variance explained (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The high prevalence rate of exposure to SHS for mothers and their children suggests that a well-designed future intervention program should be implemented in regard to pre-school children's mothers in order to prevent these mothers and their children from SHS exposure hazards, more particularly, to strengthen the knowledge base, to enhance self-efficacy and to foster a more positive attitude toward the avoidance of SHS in the mothers.
Formulation and evaluation of primaquine phosphate taste-masked rapidly disintegrating tablet
Authors: Shah Punit P , Mashru Rajashree C 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This work investigates the complete bitter-taste-masking of primaquine phosphate (PRM) using a solid dispersion with mono ammonium glycyrrhyzinate pentahydrate (GLY). This work also describes the preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablets (RDTs) of PRM by a direct compression method using superdisintegrant, croscarmellose sodium. A solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier, hence its effect on dissolution. In-vitro drug release studies were performed for RDTs at both pH 1.2 and 6.8. Bitterness score was evaluated using a human gustatory sensation test. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC showed no interaction of PRM in GLY solid dispersion. RDTs prepared from solid dispersion showed complete bitter-taste-masking of PRM. RDTs containing solid dispersion exhibited a better dissolution profile, at both pH 1.2 and 6.8, than pure PRM. Thus, the solid dispersion technique can be successfully used for complete bitter taste masking of PRM.
Delivery of daunorubicin to cancer cells with decreased toxicity by association with a lipidic nanoemulsion that binds to LDL receptors
Authors: Teixeira Raquel S , Valduga Claudete J , Benvenutti Luis A , Schreier Shirley , Maranhão Raul C 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A lipidic nanoemulsion termed LDE concentrates in neoplastic cells after injection into the bloodstream and thus can be used as a drug carrier to tumour sites. The chemotherapeutic agent daunorubicin associates poorly with LDE; the aim of this study was to clarify whether the derivatization of daunorubicin by the attachment of an oleyl group increases the association with LDE, and to test the cytotoxicity and animal toxicity of the new preparation. The association of oleyldaunorubicin (oDNR) to LDE showed high yield (93 ± 2% and 84 ± 4% at 1:10 and 1:5 drug:lipid mass, respectively) and was stable for at least 20 days. Association with oDNR increased the LDE particle diameter from 42 ± 4 nm to 75 ± 6 nm. Cytotoxicity of LDE-oDNR was reduced two-fold in HL-60 and K-562 cell lines, fourteen-fold in B16 cells and nine-fold in L1210 cells when compared with commercial daunorubicin. When tested in mice, LDE-oDNR showed remarkable reduced toxicity (maximum tolerated dose &gt; 253 μmol kg−1, compared with &lt;3 μmol kg−1 for commercial daunorubicin). At high doses, the cardiac tissue of LDE-oDNR-treated animals had much smaller structural lesions than with commercial daunorubicin. LDE-oDNR is therefore a promising new preparation that may offer superior tolerability compared with commercial daunorubicin.