bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A weighted osteon morphotype score outperforms regional osteon percent prevalence calculations for interpreting cortical bone adaptation
Authors: Skedros John G. , Kiser Casey J. , Mendenhall Shaun D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing circularly polarized light microscopy, we described a weighted‐scoring method for quantifying regional distributions of six secondary osteon morphotypes (Skedros et al.: Bone 44 (2009) 392–403). This osteon morphotype score (MTS) strongly correlated with “tension” and “compression” cortices produced by habitual bending. In the present study, we hypothesized that the osteon MTS is superior to a relatively simpler method based on the percent prevalence (PP) of these osteon morphotypes. This was tested in proximal femoral diaphyses of adult chimpanzees and habitually bent bones: calcanei from sheep, deer, and horses, radii from sheep and horses, and third metacarpals (MC3s) from horses. Sheep tibiae were examined because their comparatively greater torsion/shear would not require regional variations in osteon morphotypes. Predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), a predictor of regionally prevalent/predominant strain mode, was quantified as image gray levels (birefringence). Ten PP calculations were conducted. Although PP calculations were similar to the osteon MTS in corroborating CFO differences between “tension” and “compression” cortices of the chimpanzee femora and most of the habitually bent bones, PP calculations failed to show a compression/tension difference in equine MC3s and sheep radii. With the exception of the prevalence of the “distributed” osteon morphotype, correlations of PP calculations with CFO were weak and/or negative. By contrast, the osteon MTS consistently showed positive correlations with predominant CFO. Compared with the osteon MTS and predominant CFO, regional variations in PP of osteon morphotypes are not stronger predictors of nonuniform strain distributions produced by bending. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Ectocranial suture closure in Pongo: Pattern and phylogeny
Authors: Cray James , Cooper Gregory M. , Mooney Mark P. , Siegel Michael I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEctocranial suture fusion patterns have been shown to contain biological and phylogenetic information. Previously the patterns of Homo, Pan, and Gorilla have been described. These data reflect the phylogenetic relationships among these species. In this study, we applied similar methodology to Pongo to determine the suture synostosis progression of this genus, and to allow comparison to previously reported data on other large‐bodied hominoids. We hypothesized these data would strengthen the argument that suture synostosis patterns reflect the phylogeny of primate taxa. Results indicate that the synostosis of vault sutures in Pongo is similar to that reported for Gorilla (excluding Pan and Homo). However, the lateral‐anterior pattern of fusion, in which there is a strong superior to inferior pattern, for Pongo is unique among these species, reflecting its phylogenetic distinctness among great ape taxa. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in skeletal robusticity in an iron age agropastoral group: The samnites from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Central Italy)
Authors: Sparacello V.S. , Pearson O.M. , Coppa A. , Marchi D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCross‐sectional geometrical (CSG) properties of an Iron Age Samnite group from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Italy, 2600–2400 B.P.) are compared with a Ligurian Neolithic sample (6000–5500 B.P.). In the period under examination, Samnites were organized in a tribal confederation led by patrilinear aristocracies, indicating incipient social stratification. In comparison, Neolithic society lacked clear signs of social hierarchy. The subsistence of both groups was mainly based on pastoralism and agriculture, but changes in habitual behavior are expected due to the socio‐economic transformations that characterized the Iron Age. The Samnites' warlike ideology suggests that unimanual weapon‐use and training would have become frequent for males. The intensification of agriculture and the adoption of transhumant pastoralism, performed by a smaller subset of the population, likely led to a lower average level of logistic mobility. The strongly genderized ideology of the period suggests a strict sexual division of labor, with women primarily performing sedentary tasks. CSG properties based on periosteal contours were calculated for humeri, femora, and tibiae (N = 61). Results corroborated the expectations: Alfedena males show substantial humeral bilateral asymmetry, indicating prevalent use of one arm, likely due to weapon training. In both sexes lower limb results indicate reduced mobility with respect to the Neolithic group. Sexual dimorphism is significant in both humeral asymmetry and lower limb indicators of mobility. Although both groups could be broadly defined as agropastoral based on archeological and historical evidence, CSG analysis confirmed important differences in habitual behavior. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The American college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Lightfoot Robert W. , Michel Beat A. , Bloch Daniel A. , Hunder Gene G. , Zvaifler Nathan J. , McShane Dennis J. , Arend William P. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Leavitt Randi Y. , Lie J. T. , Masi Alfonse T. , Mills John A. , Stevens Mary Betty , Wallace Stanley L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCriteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa were developed by comparing 118 patients who had this disease with 689 control patients who had other forms of vasculitis. For the traditional format classification, 10 criteria were selected: weight loss ≥4 kg, livedo reticularis, testicular pain or tenderness, myalgias, mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy, diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg, elevated blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels, presence of hepatitis B reactants in serum, arteriographic abnormality, and presence of granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in an arterial wall on biopsy. The presence of 3 or more of these 10 criteria was associated with a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 86.6%. A classification tree was also constructed, with 6 criteria being selected. Three of these, angiographic abnormality, biopsy‐proven granulocyte or mixed leukocyte infiltrate in arterial wall, and neuropathy, were criteria used in the traditional format. The other 3 criteria used in the tree format included the patient's sex, weight loss >6.5 kg, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase levels above the range of normal. The classification tree yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 89.3%.
The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of henoch‐schönlein purpura
Authors: Mills John A. , Michel Beat A. , Bloch Daniel A. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Hunder Gene G. , Arend William P. , Edworthy Steven M. , Fauci Anthony S. , Leavitt Randi Y. , Lie J. T. , Lightfoot Robert W. , Masi Alfonse T. , McShane Dennis J. , Stevens Mary Betty , Wallace Stanley L. , Zvaifler Nathan J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCriteria for identifying Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura (HSP) and distinguishing HSP from other forms of systemic arteritis were developed by comparing the manifestations in 85 patients who had HSP with those of 722 control patients with other forms of vasculitis. By the traditional format of choosing different combinations of candidate criteria and comparing the combinations for their ability to separate HSP cases from controls, 4 criteria were identified: age ≤20 years at disease onset, palpable purpura, acute abdominal pain, and biopsy showing granulocytes in the walls of small arterioles or venules. The presence of any 2 or more of these criteria distinguish HSP from other forms of vasculitis with a sensitivity of 87.1% and a specificity of 87.7%. The criteria selected by a classification tree method were similar: palpable purpura, age ≤20 years at disease onset, biopsy showing granulocytes around arterioles or venules, and gastrointestinal bleeding. These were able to distinguish HSP from other forms of vasculitis with a sensitivity of 89.4% and a specificity of 88.1%.
The synovium‐cartilage junction of the normal human knee: Implications for joint destruction and repair
Authors: Allard S. A. , Bayliss M. T. , Maini R. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe immunohistology of the synovium‐cartilage junction was studied in 8 normal human knees, using monoclonal antibodies. In all joints at the junction with synovium, a vascular, wedge‐shaped tongue of tissue was found to cover the cartilage surface. This marginal tissue overlying cartilage was in continuity with and was immunohistochemically similar to the adjacent synovial tissue, and contained cells possessing class II HLA antigens and antigens present on macrophages and type B synoviocytes. Periosteal tissue adjacent to the synovium‐cartilage junction contained not only macrophages and other class II‐positive cells, but also cells and matrix that stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for articular cartilage (keratan sulfate and type II collagen). This study demonstrates the presence of immunocompetent cells in tissue overlying the cartilage surface and adjacent to bone in normal human joints. It is likely that pannus in chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease develops by the recruitment of inflammatory cells augmenting this normal marginal tissue. Furthermore, overgrowth of tissue onto the cartilage surface may not be necessary in the pathogenesis of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, our findings suggest that cells in the periosteum, rather than those in the marginal synovium, may be involved in attempted “repair” mechanisms, such as osteophyte formation.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with primary raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Kahl Leslie E. , Blair Carol , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Steen Virginia D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPregnancy outcomes were assessed in 67 women who had well‐defined primary Raynaud's phenomenon and in 30 controls, each of whom had been pregnant at least once. Twenty‐seven patients had onset of Raynaud's phenomenon prior to any pregnancy, and 37 patients had onset of Raynaud's phenomenon after their last pregnancy. The frequency of miscarriage, stillbirth, and small full‐term infants was similar in all 3 study groups. Among the 4 Raynaud's phenomenon patients who had second‐trimester miscarriages, 2 of 3 who were tested had moderately positive levels of IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibody. Premature births were significantly more common in pregnancies that occurred after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (24%) than in pregnancies that occurred prior to the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon or in pregnancies among control subjects (9% and 1%, respectively). In addition, the mean weight of the full‐term babies of women in both Raynaud's phenomenon groups was significantly less than that of babies born to controls. There were no neonatal deaths or other serious adverse outcomes. These findings may represent yet another manifestation of systemic vasospasm in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Psychological symptoms in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to pain, life stress, and sleep disturbance
Authors: Uveges John M. , Parker Jerry C. , Smarr Karen L. , McGowan John F. , Lyon Michael G. , Irvin William S. , Meyer Andrew A. , Buckelew Susan P. , Morgan Robin K. , Delmonico Richard L. , Hewett John E. , Kay Donald R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwenty‐five subjects with primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 22 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis were compared on measures of psychological distress, pain, health status, life stress, sleep disturbance, and coping strategies. Higher levels of psychological distress were found in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome group, but the degree of life stress was shown to be a significant covariate.
Distinct seasonal patterns in the onset of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in patients with anti‐jo‐1 and anti‐signal recognition particle autoantibodies
Authors: Leff Richard L. , Burgess Suzanne H. , Miller Frederick W. , Love Lori A. , Targoff Ira N. , Dalakas Marinos C. , Joffe Marshall M. , Plotz Paul H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM; or, polymyositis/dermatomyositis), the myositis‐specific autoantibodies anti‐Jo‐1 and anti‐signal recognition particle (anti‐SRP), appear to define clinically and immunogenetically distinct groups of patients. We show here that the month during which the onset of weakness occurs is not random in patients with anti‐Jo‐1 autoantibodies (average month April, P < 0.02) and in those with anti‐SRP autoantibodies (average month November, P < 0.02); both groups of patients also experience rapid onset of disease. By contrast, patients classified into the traditional categories of polymyositis and dermatomyositis do not have recognizable seasonal patterns and do not differ in the rate of onset of disease. These findings suggest that searches for seasonal patterns in the onset of autoimmune disorders characterized by disease‐specific autoantibodies may provide useful clues to etiology.
Single‐photon‐emission computed tomography of the brain in the evaluation of cerebral lupus
Authors: Nossent J. C. , Hovestadt A. , Schönfeld D. H. W. , Swaak A. J. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe sought to determine whether single‐photon‐emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain is useful for detecting abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral lupus. Twenty lupus patients with clinical evidence of cerebral involvement underwent SPECT and CT scanning of the brain, as well as clinical, expert neurologic, and serologic evaluation. Fifteen patients (75%) had a clear regional cerebral hypoperfusion. Seven of 8 patients (88%) who were ultimately thought to have active cerebral lupus had abnormal SPECT scan findings, while 8 of 12 patients (67%) who were ultimately thought not to have active cerebral lupus had abnormal SPECT scan findings. There was no correlation of SPECT findings with CT scan results, overall disease activity, or serologic findings. Regional cerebral blood flow measured by SPECT is often abnormal in patients with active cerebral lupus, but is also frequently abnormal in lupus patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms not attributable to cerebral lupus activity.
Sequence of class ii major histocompatibility complex genes from mrl mice: Conserved amino acids in the I‐Eβ chains from autoimmune mice
Authors: Schiffenbauer Joel , Wegrzyn Lisa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClass II major histocompatibility complex molecules are critical in both normal and abnormal immune responses. Both in mice and in humans, these molecules have been implicated in the development of various diseases, including insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus. The MRL/lpr mouse strain spontaneously develops a lupus‐like illness with features that include anti‐DNA antibodies, glomerulonephritis, and early death. We evaluated the structure of class II molecules from these mice, to investigate for unique sequences that might contribute to autoimmunity. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction, we sequenced the second exons from the I‐A and I‐E genes of MRL/lpr and MRL‐+/+ mice. We found that at the nucleotide level, there are several changes between MRL class II genes and the previously sequenced “k” haplotype, but at the protein level, they are identical. Furthermore, by comparing the sequences of class II genes from several strains of autoimmune mice, we found that there are conserved amino acids in the third hypervariable region of the I‐Eβ chain which may be important in the development of autoimmunity.
Increased proteolytic activity on the surface of monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kirchheimer Johannes C. , Remold Heinz G. , Wanivenhaus Axel , Binder Bernd R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStudies on the expression and localization of the urokinase receptor on peripheral blood monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients with osteoarthritis, and healthy volunteers showed a significant increase in the total number of urokinase receptors on monocytes of patients with RA, compared with osteoarthritis patients or with healthy subjects. The increase in the total number of urokinase receptors in RA was due to an elevation in the number of endogenously occupied urokinase receptors. These data provide evidence that increased proteolytic activity might contribute to the pronounced degradation of cartilage and connective tissue in patients with RA.
Influences of users' familiarity with visual search topics on interactive video digital libraries
Authors: Albertson Dan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUser‐centered analysis can benefit the development of interactive video digital libraries. Findings from this study support the idea that having additional understanding about the intended users of video digital libraries can help researchers match system designs with the envisioned use of prototype systems. This study examines one user‐centered factor specifically, familiarity with visual search topics, to explore if and how this may be associated with other factors within an interactive video retrieval context. Twenty‐eight users from the field of science education were recruited to complete six visual search topics using a prototype system to retrieve video clips from a collection of NASA Science Education Programs. Analysis revealed that topic familiarity was associated with other factors that were examined throughout this study, including user‐assessed and experimenter‐assessed topic completion ratios, opinions of the prototype system, and interaction behaviors. Such results can have a variety of implications for developing video digital libraries, especially those designed to support queries and interactions of knowledgeable users from a defined domain.
The effect of folder structure on personal file navigation
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Whittaker Steve , Sanderson Mark , Nachmias Rafi , Ramamoorthy Anand 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFolder navigation is the main way that personal computer users retrieve their own files. People dedicate considerable time to creating systematic structures to facilitate such retrieval. Despite the prevalence of both manual organization and navigation, there is very little systematic data about how people actually carry out navigation, or about the relation between organization structure and retrieval parameters. The aims of our research were therefore to study users' folder structure, personal file navigation, and the relations between them. We asked 296 participants to retrieve 1,131 of their active files and analyzed each of the 5,035 navigation steps in these retrievals. Folder structures were found to be shallow (files were retrieved from mean depth of 2.86 folders), with small folders (a mean of 11.82 files per folder) containing many subfolders (M=10.64). Navigation was largely successful and efficient with participants successfully accessing 94% of their files and taking 14.76 seconds to do this on average. Retrieval time and success depended on folder size and depth. We therefore found the users' decision to avoid both deep structure and large folders to be adaptive. Finally, we used a predictive model to formulate the effect of folder depth and folder size on retrieval time, and suggested an optimization point in this trade‐off.
Induction motor control based on adaptive passivity
Authors: Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. , Travieso‐Torres Juan C. , Pelissier Ian S. , González Humberto A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper two new schemes for induction motor control are proposed and compared. Both approaches are based on the concept of adaptive passivity. First, a technique using the scheme of field oriented control (FOC) is proposed, and by means of an adaptive state feedback, a passive equivalent system is obtained. Furthermore, making use of the novel torque‐flux control principle (TFCP), the proposed scheme is greatly simplified. Second, a technique based on energy shaping approach, which does not make use of the FOC scheme, is proposed. The technique is based on interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) control transforming the original system into a passive one. Since this technique does not use the FOC scheme, it gives more flexibility in the implementation. Both techniques are then implemented at laboratory level and compared from experimental viewpoint using as benchmark the standard FOC scheme with PI controllers.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Formalization and practical implementation of a conceptual model for PID controller tuning
Authors: Alaiz Moretón H. , Calvo Rolle J. L. , García I. , Alonso Alvarez A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis document describes the process of implementation and formalization of a rule‐based conceptual model oriented to PID tuning, developed by an expert in the domain of control engineering. The quality of the formal model is critical to carry out an implementation process oriented to get a CACSD (Computer Aided Control System Design) software application, where a non‐expert user can perform a tuning process aided by the application, and where the expert in control can update rules in the formal model to improve the tuning process, without the necessity of editing the source code of the software application.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Prototypical category learning in high‐functioning autism
Authors: Vladusich Tony , Olu‐Lafe Olufemi , Kim Dae‐Shik , Tager‐Flusberg Helen , Grossberg Stephen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn ongoing debate in developmental cognitive neuroscience is whether individuals with autism are able to learn prototypical category representations from multiple exemplars. Prototype learning and memory were examined in a group of high‐functioning autistic boys and young men, using a classic paradigm in which participants learned to classify novel dot patterns into one of two categories. Participants were trained on distorted versions of category prototypes until they reached a criterion level of performance. During transfer testing, participants were shown the training items together with three novel stimulus sets manifesting variable levels of physical distortion (low, medium, or high distortion) relative to the unseen prototypes. Two experiments were conducted, differing only in the manner in which the physical distortions were defined. In the first experiment, a subset of autistic individuals learned categories more slowly than controls, accompanied by an overall diminution in transfer‐testing performance. The autism group did, however, manifest a typical pattern of performance across the testing conditions, relative to controls. In the second experiment, group means did not differ statistically in either the training or testing phases. Taken together, these data indicate that high‐functioning autistic individuals do not manifest gross deficits in prototypical category learning. A theoretical discussion is given in terms of how perceptual grouping may interact with category learning.