bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Pyrazolines from 1,3 ‐ dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane to arylsulfonylethenes
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Sarma Mudigonda Rajagopala , Padmaja Adivireddy , Reddy Dandu Bhaskar 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNovel 2‐pyrazolines were obtained by the cycloaddition of diazomethane to bis(arylsulfonylethenyl)‐sulfones (3) and 1‐arylsulfonyl‐2‐styrylsulfonylethenes (7). Dehydrogenation of 2‐pyrazolines with chloranil gave pyrazoles.
Synthesis and reactions of 3‐amino‐2‐methyl‐3H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]‐quinazolin‐9‐one and 2‐hydrazino‐3‐phenylamino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one
Authors: Saleh Mohamed A. , Hafez Yehia A. , Abdel‐Hay Foad E. , Gad Wagdy I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐N‐(2‐mercapto‐4‐oxo‐4H‐quinazolin‐3‐yl)acetamide (1) with hydrazine hydrate yielded 3‐amino‐2‐methyl‐3H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9‐one (2). The reaction of 2 with o‐chlorobenzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde gave the corresponding 3‐arylidene amino derivatives 3 and 4, respectively. Condensation of 2 with 1‐nitroso‐2‐naphthol afforded the corresponding 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐diazenyl)‐2‐methyl‐3H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9‐one (5), which on subsequent reduction by SnCl2 and HCl gave the hydrazino derivative 6. Reaction of 2 with phenyl isothiocyanate in refluxing ethanol yielded thiourea derivative 7. Ring closure of 7 subsequently cyclized on refluxing with phencyl bromide, oxalyl dichloride and chloroacetic acid afforded the corresponding thiazolidine derivatives 8, 9 and 10, respectively. Reaction of 2‐mercapto‐3‐phenylamino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one (11) with hydrazine hydrate afforded 2‐hydrazino‐3‐phenylamino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one (12). The reactivity 12 towards carbon disulphide, acetyl acetone and ethyl acetoacetate gave 13, 14 and 15, respectively. Condensation of 12 with isatin afforded 2‐[N‐(2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroindol‐3‐ylidene)hydrazino]‐3‐phenylamino‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one (16). 2‐(4‐Oxo‐3‐phenylamino‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐2‐ylamino)isoindole‐1,3‐dione (17) was synthesized by the reaction of 12 with phthalic anhydride. All isolated products were confirmed by their ir, 1H nmr, 13C nmr and mass spectra.
Synthesis of 4H‐tetrazolo[1,5‐a][1]benzazepines from the baylis‐hillman adducts of 2‐azidobenzaldehyde
Authors: Lee Chang Hoon , Song Young Seok , Cho Hyun In , Yang Je Woo , Lee Kee‐Jung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNovel heterocycles, 4H‐tetrazolo[1,5‐a][1]benzazepines 6 were prepared by the intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azidophenylcyanomethyl compounds 5. The latter were readily obtained from 2‐azidobenzaldehyde through the Baylis‐Hillman adducts 3 followed by acetylation to compounds 4 and nucleophilic substitution by cyanide to compounds 5.
Detection and characterization of group C rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1997–2003
Authors: Castello Alejandro A. , Argüelles Marcelo H. , Rota Rosana P. , Humphrey Charles D. , Olthoff Alicia , Gentsch Jon R. , Glass Roger I. , Glikmann Graciela , Jiang Baoming 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe role of group C rotaviruses as a cause of diarrhea was examined among children <17 years of age admitted to a Hospital in a suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1997 and 2003. A total of 1,579 fecal samples were screened for group A (RVA) and C (RVC) rotaviruses by two in‐house ELISA methods at Quilmes University (UNQ‐ELISA). Samples positive, doubtful and negative by RVC specific UNQ‐ELISA (n = 246) were examined further for RVC by another in‐house ELISA (CDC‐ELISA), electron microscopy, RT‐PCR, nested PCR, and Southern hybridization. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for each test were determined. While the sensitivity was comparable for the nested PCR and CDC‐ELISA methods (82.5%), the molecular methods were slightly more specific. Poorly preserved particles were often seen in fecal samples, suggesting that degradation of RNA could be a factor influencing the performance of molecular methods. The incidence of RVC was estimated to be 3% without apparent differences among seasons. RVC infected patients had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher median age (6 years vs. 1 year) than those with RVA infection. Sequence of the RVC VP7 gene from six Argentinean strains and sequences reported previously in different countries showed high nucleotide (94.4–99.9%) sequence identities, indicating a high degree of conservation for human RVC VP7 genes among strains collected on five continents over a period of 17 years. These findings indicate that RVC is a significant cause of diarrhea and it is necessary to develop simple and sensitive serological methods for its detection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1109–1116, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus core region of genotype 1b are the important predictor of severe insulin resistance in patients without cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Hirakawa Miharu , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious studies provided a direct experimental evidence for the contribution of HCV core protein in the development of insulin resistance (IR), but the clinical impact of HCV core region on IR is still not clear. The present study evaluated the impact of Amino acid (aa) substitutions of HCV‐1b core region on IR in 123 Japanese patients infected with HCV‐1b without cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, and investigated the treatment efficacy of 48‐week pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) according to HOMA‐IR values. Patients with IR (HOMA‐IR ≥2.5) and severe IR (HOMA‐IR ≥3.5) were present in 51.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified body mass index (≥25 kg/m2) and hepatocyte steatosis (≥5%) as significant determinants of IR. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified hepatocyte steatosis (≥5%), aa substitutions of the core region (Gln70 (His70) and/or Met91), and age (≥55 years) as significant determinants of severe IR. Especially, significantly lower proportions of patients with Gln70 (His70) and/or Met91 were noted among those without severe IR (59.6%) than those with severe IR (82.4%). The rates of sustained virological response in patients with IR (50.0%) were not significantly different from those without IR (52.9%). Furthermore, the rates of non‐virological response in patients with IR (28.9%) were not significantly also different from those without IR (20.6%). In conclusion, the present study indicated that substitutions of HCV‐1b core region were the important predictor of severe IR in patients without cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, but HOMA‐IR values might be not useful as predictors of 48‐week PEG‐IFN plus RBV therapy. J. Med. Virol. 81:1032–1039, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiviral effect of nicotinamide on enterovirus‐infected human islets in vitro: Effect on virus replication and chemokine secretion
Authors: Moëll Annika , Skog Oskar , Åhlin Erik , Korsgren Olle , Frisk Gun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the selective destruction of insulin‐producing cells in the pancreas. Enterovirus (EV) is the prime candidate to initiate this destruction and several inflammatory chemokines are induced by EV infection. Nicotinamide has been shown to protect isolated human islets, and to modulate chemokine expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on EV replication and EV‐induced chemokine secretion and cytolysis of human islets. Two EV strains were used to infect human islets in vitro, one lytic (Adrian) isolated from a child at onset of type 1 diabetes, and one non‐lytic (VD2921). Secretion of the chemokines IP‐10 and MCP‐1, viral replication, and virus‐induced cytopathic effect (CPE), were measured at different time points post‐infection. Addition of nicotinamide to the culture medium reduced viral replication and virus‐induced islet destruction/CPE, significantly. Both EV strains increased secretion of IP‐10 and MCP‐1, when measured days 2–3, and days 5–7 post infection, compared to mock‐infected control islets. IP‐10 was not produced by uninfected isolated islets, whereas a basal secretion of MCP‐1 was detected. Interestingly, addition of nicotinamide blocked completely (Adrian), or reduced significantly (VD2921), the virus‐induced secretion of IP‐10. Secretion of MCP‐1 was also reduced in the presence of nicotinamide, from infected and uninfected islets. The reported antiviral effects of nicotinamide could have implications for the treatment/prevention of virus‐ and immune‐mediated disease. Also, this study highlights a possible mechanism of virus‐induced type 1 diabetes through the induction of MCP‐1 and IP‐10 in pancreatic islets. J. Med. Virol. 81:1082–1087, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of genotypic drug resistance and presence of several naturally occurring polymorphisms of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 CRF06_cpx in treatment‐naive patients in Estonia
Authors: Avi Radko , Huik Kristi , Sadam Maarja , Karki Tonis , Krispin Tonu , Ainsalu Külliki , Paap Piret , Schmidt Jelena , Nikitina Natalia , Lutsar Irja 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAll non‐B HIV‐1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are characterized by several polymorphisms in protease (PR) region. In addition, in recent years the increasing use of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has rapidly raised the spread of transmitted drug resistance. We aimed to determine the presence of naturally occurring polymorphisms and transmitted drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in ART naïve HIV‐1‐positive subjects in Estonia. A total of 115 drug‐naive HIV‐1‐infected subjects (mean age 27 years; 70% male; 65% infected via intravenous drug use and 34% by heterosexual contact) were enrolled. Viral genomic RNA from plasma was directly sequenced in PR, revertase (RT), and envelope (env) regions. Phylogenetic analysis of RT and env regions revealed that 89% and 3% of sequenced viruses belonged to CRF06_cpx and subtype A1, respectively, and 6% were described as unique recombinants (signed A1‐06) between CRF06_cpx and subtype A1 viruses. No primary DRMs were found in PR or RT regions indicating the absence of transmitted drug resistance. The most common polymorphisms in the PR region were K14R, M36I, H69K, and L89M seen in 96%, 100%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The clinical relevance of these polymorphisms in terms of success of ART has to be monitored in future clinical studies. J. Med. Virol. 81:953–958, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Varying abilities of recombinant polypeptides from different regions of hepatitis E virus ORF2 and ORF3 to detect anti‐HEV immunoglobulin M
Authors: Ma Hongxia , Song Xiaoguo , Li Zhuo , Harrison Tim J. , Zhang Heqiu , Huang Weijin , Hao Wa , Kong Wei , Wang Youchun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFollowing infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV), anti‐HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) M is thought to develop before anti‐HEV IgG and to be a better marker for differentiating between the acute and convalescent phases of infection. In order to select polypeptides for improved detection of anti‐HEV IgM, six and three overlapping polypeptides from open reading frames (ORFs) 2 and 3, respectively, of HEV genotypes 1 and 4 were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The reactivities of the polypeptides with anti‐HEV IgM were evaluated using immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). The data indicated that polypeptides from the N‐terminus of ORF3 and middle region of ORF2 were weakly or not reactive with anti‐HEV IgM, while those from the remaining regions of ORF2 and ORF3 contained reactive epitopes. Anti‐HEV IgM against the N‐ or C‐terminus of ORF2 appeared earlier and disappeared faster than that against polypeptides from the C‐terminus of ORF3, based on serum samples from rhesus monkeys infected experimentally, and from patients infected naturally, with HEV. The N‐ and C‐terminal polypeptides from ORF2 complemented one another in detecting anti‐HEV IgM and EIA sensitivity was improved significantly with a combination of these polypeptides. The reactivities of ORF2 polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 4 were similar but that of ORF3 differed with sera from monkeys infected by the two genotypes. Thus, a combination of N‐ and C‐terminal polypeptides of ORF2 from one genotype may be effective in EIAs to detect anti‐HEV IgM. J. Med. Virol. 81:1052–1061, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling by microarray analysis reveals an important role for caspase‐1 in dengue virus‐induced p53‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Nasirudeen A.M.A. , Liu Ding Xiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecently, a dengue virus‐induced apoptosis p53‐ and mitochondria‐mediated were reported in human and animal cells. To understand further the underlying mechanisms, a p53‐deficient cell line, H1299, and a p53‐knockin cell line, H273, were infected with dengue type 1 virus and the cellular gene expression profiles at the mRNA level were analyzed by affymetrix array analysis. The results showed 183 genes with at least twofold increase at mRNA expression level in dengue virus‐infected cells. Among the 183 genes, 68 genes were up‐regulated in both H1299 and H273 cells and 78 genes were found to be up‐regulated in only H273 cells. Eleven selected genes, mainly involved in IFN‐pathway, cell cycle, signal transduction, and ubiquitin–proteasome pathways were confirmed using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Interestingly, an approximately 32‐fold increase in caspase‐1 expression was observed in the p53‐knockin cell line, H273. Gene silencing of caspase‐1 or inhibition of caspase‐1 activity led to reduction in dengue virus‐induced apoptosis with minimal effect on virus replication. J. Med. Virol. 81:1069–1081, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variability of hepatitis C virus in South Egypt and its possible clinical implication
Authors: Elkady Abeer , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kurbanov Fuat , Sugauchi Fuminaka , Sugiyama Masaya , Khan Anis , Sayed Douaa , Moustafa Ghada , AbdEl‐Hameed AbdEl‐Rahman , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEgypt is one of the countries with very high rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) related morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about geographical and clinical differences in genetic variability of HCV in Egypt. Using direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial core/E1 and NS5B regions of the HCV genome, HCV genotype/subtype was determined in 129 HCV‐infected patients residing in three governates in south Egypt: Assuit, Sohag, and Qena. According to clinical stage of infection, patients were categorized into four groups: asymptomatic carriers, n = 16; chronic hepatitis C patients, n = 36; liver cirrhosis, n = 54; and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), n = 23. Genotype 4a was detected in 80.6%, whereas 1g, 4l, 4n, 4o, 4f, and 4m were identified in 7.7%, 4.7%, 3.9%, 1.6%, 0.8%, and 0.8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of 4a differed regionally; from 88.5% (in Sohag) to 64% (in Assuit, P = 0.002). Genotypes 4l and 4n had a higher prevalence in Assuit (12.8%, 10.3%) than Sohag (0%, 0%; P ≤ 0.011). Difference in clinical features of determined genotypes/subtypes was observed; more carriers of non‐4a variants (4l and 4n, 4f, or 4m) had chronic hepatitis compared to carriers of 4a (53.3% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.025), while more patients with 4a had liver cirrhosis (45.2% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.023). Two HCV‐4o strains were isolated in this study, both from patients with HCC. In conclusion, geographical diversity of HCV was revealed in this study in southern Egypt. A further case–control study is required to confirm the trends of differential pathogenicity of HCV subtypes, indicated by this study. J. Med. Virol. 81:1015–1023, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of long‐term dietary administration of oregano and rosemary on the antioxidant status of rat serum, liver, kidney and heart after carbon tetrachloride‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Botsoglou Nikolas A , Taitzoglou Ioannis A , Botsoglou Evropi , Zervos Ioannis , Kokoli Alexandra , Christaki Efterpi , Nikolaidis Efstathios 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was performed on female Wistar rats allocated to eight groups of six animals each. Groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet, groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet supplemented with ground oregano at 20 g kg−1 level, groups 5 and 6 were fed the basal diet supplemented with ground rosemary at 20 g kg−1 level, while groups 7 and 8 were fed the basal diet supplemented with both oregano and rosemary, each at 20 g kg−1 level. Following 6 weeks feeding, groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 were injected with CCl4 at 1 mL kg−1 body weight, and 6 h thereafter all animals were sacrificed.RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 to the control rats enhanced (P < 0.05) aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, decreased cholesterol and triglycerides content in serum, increased (P < 0.05) lipid peroxidation and decreased (P < 0.05) the ABTS radical cation, the hydroxyl anion radical, the superoxide anion radical, and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities in all tested tissues, as compared to the control. Feeding oregano, rosemary or both before CCl4 treatment resulted in decline (P < 0.05) of the increase in AST, ALT and ALP activities, increase (P < 0.05) of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum, decrease (P < 0.05) of lipid peroxidation, and increase (P < 0.05) of the ABTS radical cation, hydroxyl anion radical, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that long‐term dietary administration of oregano and rosemary has the potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4‐induced oxidative stress in rats. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical and sensory characteristics of processed cheeses manufactured by extrusion technology
Authors: Adhikari Koushik , Cole Andrea , Grün Ingolf , Heymann Hildegarde , Hsieh Fu‐Hung , Huff Harold 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Not much work has been reported on use of extrusion technology for manufacturing processed cheese. The main goal of this study was to determine whether processed cheese of acceptable quality could be manufactured by extrusion technology. Two extrusion temperatures (80 and 90 °C), two moisture levels (440 and 480 g kg−1), and two emulsifying salt levels (10 and 15 g kg−1) were studied (eight experimental samples). Instrumental measures (moisture and texture profile analysis), descriptive analysis, and consumer acceptability for the processed cheese samples were carried out.RESULTS: The instrumental measures and descriptive analysis showed differences among the samples. The major difference was a result of the moisture content. The lower‐moisture cheeses were firmer/chewier in texture, and had more Cheddar flavor note. Consumers found the lower‐moisture cheeses extruded at 80 °C to be more acceptable.CONCLUSION: It could be concluded from this study that processed cheeses that were extruded at lower temperature with lower moisture levels might be better suited for manufacturing using extrusion technology. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymph node involvement in ampullary cancer: The importance of the number, ratio, and location of metastatic nodes
Authors: Sierzega Marek , Nowak Krystyna , Kulig Jan , Matyja Andrzej , Nowak Wojciech , Popiela Tadeusz 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLymph node involvement significantly affects survival of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the number, ratio, and location of metastatic lymph nodes in ampullary cancers.MethodsMedical records of 111 patients who underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinomas were reviewed.ResultsMetastatic lymph nodes were found in 52 (47%) patients and the median number of involved nodes was 3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3–4; range 1–17). In the univariate analysis, gender, type of pancreaticoduodenectomy, depth of tumor invasion, perineural invasion, presence of metastatic nodes, their number, and ratio of metastatic nodes significantly correlated with patient survival. However, the location of metastatic nodes did not influence survival among patients with nodal involvement. Only four or more metastatic nodes (relative risk 7.35, 95% CI 3.34–16.17) and tumor invasion of peripancreatic soft tissues (relative risk 5.00, 95% CI 1.20–20.92) were the independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe number of metastatic nodes significantly affected patient survival. Although the location and ratio of metastatic nodes were not independent prognostic factors, these variables should be further evaluated with large‐scale population data sets. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:19–24. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Star Adhesive Sealants Based On PEG/Dextran Hydrogels
Authors: Artzi Natalie , Shazly Tarek , Crespo Cristina , Ramos Adriana Bon , Chenault H. Keith , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSwellable PEG amine/dextran aldehyde composite materials are emerging as a controlled, biocompatible tissue adhesive. We explain how preservation of natural tissue amines provides biocompatibility for PEG/dextran that exceeds the stringent, destructive cyanide‐based chemistry of cyanoacrylates, and adhere far better than fibrin glue. Strategic variations of material composition allow for the improvement of biocompatibility and adhesion strength. Material variations can be tailored to match the needs of specific tissue beds for an array of clinical applications. PEG/dextran cohesive properties are most responsive to variations in the PEG component (number of arms and solid content), while tissue/material adhesion strength is primarily determined by the number of aldehydes in the dextran.magnified image
Facile Access to Hydroxy‐Functional Core–Shell Microspheres via Grafting of Ethylene Oxide by Anionic Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Joso Raymond , Reinicke Stefan , Walther Andreas , Schmalz Holger , Müller Axel H. E. , Barner Leonie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a facile access route to hydroxy‐functional narrow disperse microspheres of well‐defined grafting density (GD). Ethylene oxide has been grafted from highly crosslinked poly(divinyl benzene) microspheres by anionic ring‐opening polymerization using sec‐butyllithium as activator together with the phosphazene base t‐BuP4. Initially, core microspheres have been prepared by precipitation polymerization utilizing divinyl benzene (DVB, 80 wt.‐%). The grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) from the surface resulted in the formation of functional core–shell microspheres with hydroxy‐terminal end groups. The number average particle diameter of the grafted microspheres was 3.6 µm and the particle weight increased by 5.7%. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. The surface GD (determined via two methods) was 1.65 ± 0.06 and 2.09 ± 0.08 chains · nm−2, respectively.magnified image