bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Younger Siblings Play a Major Role in Helicobacter pylori Transmission Among Children From a Low‐Income Community in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Fialho André M.N. , Braga Andréa B.C. , Braga Neto Manuel B. , Carneiro Jéssica G. , Rocha Andreia M.C. , Rodrigues Maria N. , Queiroz Dulciene M.M. , Braga Lúcia L.B.C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  To further evaluate intrafamilial transmission of H. pylori infection during childhood, we investigated the prevalence of H. pylori in family members from a poor H. pylori high‐prevalence urban community in the Northeast of Brazil.Methods:  H. pylori infection was investigated in 570 members of 128 households, by 13C‐urea breath test in children and by ELISA in mothers and other adult relatives.Results:  The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection (376/570) increased with age (p < .001) and ranged from 28.9%, in children aged 6 months to 5 years, to 82% in adults over 40 years. An H. pylori positive mother and the number of infected siblings are independent risk factors for childhood H. pylori infection (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.0–4.6 and OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.3–8.1, respectively) The number of siblings, number of younger siblings, and number of infected younger siblings were also associated with the infection in the univariate analysis. The number of infected younger siblings remained independently associated with the infection (p = .000), even after controlling for all the above cited variables, in addition to the H. pylori status of siblings and mothers, age, number of people per room, and number of children in the household.Conclusion:  The transmission of H. pylori occurs from infected mothers to their offspring and among siblings, notably from younger siblings to the older ones.
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Mazandaran, North of Iran
Authors: Talebi Bezmin Abadi Amin , Mobarez Ashraf M. , Taghvaei Tarang , Wolfram Lutz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of resistances in Helicobacter pylori against commonly used antibiotics including metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline in Iranian patients.Methods:  H. pylori isolates were collected from gastric biopsies from patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Tooba Medical Center, Sari, Iran, from 2007 to 2010. None of them had been using antibiotics for at least 8 months. H. pylori was identified based on morphological shape and positive biochemical tests for catalase, oxidase, and urease activity. Antibiotic resistance for metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline was investigated by using epsilometer test. Resistance was defined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 0.5 mg/L for amoxicillin (AMX), >4 mg/L for tetracycline (TET), >8 mg/L for metronidazole (MTZ), and >1 mg/L for clarithromycin (CLR).Results:  Strains were collected from 132 patients, mean age 45.8 years, 52 (39%) were women. Patients had diverse diagnoses: gastritis 42 (31.8%), duodenal ulcer 45 (34%), gastric cancer 15 (11.3%), or gastric ulcer 30 (22.7%). The prevalences of resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from the patients were 73.4% for metronidazole, 30% for clarithromycin, 6.8% for amoxicillin, and 9% for tetracycline. Twenty‐eight (21.2%) were double resistant to MTZ‐CLR, 16 (12.1%) showed triple resistance to MTZ‐CLR‐AMX, and 8 (6%) were resistant to all four tested antibiotics (MTZ‐CLR‐AMX‐TET). No associations were detected between multiple resistant strains and clinical manifestations (p > .05).Conclusions:  The prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin was high in Iran consistent with the reported low success rates for H. pylori treatment in this country.
Risk Factors Associated with Gastric Cancer in Patients with a Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Cho Soo‐Jeong , Choi Il Ju , Kim Chan Gyoo , Kook Myeong‐Cherl , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Byung Chang , Ryu Kum Hei , Nam Su Youn , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Although gastric cancer (GC) and duodenal ulcer (DU) are both strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, a DU is negatively associated with the risk of GC. The aim of the study is to evaluate histologic risk factors for GC among patients with a DU.Materials and Methods:  A total of 541 consecutive patients with GC were prospectively evaluated for the presence of a DU. Control patients with only a DU (n = 89) were recruited from health screening population. Histologic grading was assessed using the updated Sydney system for six gastric biopsies from three regions. GC risk among patients with a DU was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results:  Among patients with GC, 7.6% (41/541) had a concomitant DU or an ulcer scar. Corpus‐predominant/pangastritis were more frequently found in concomitant GC patients with a DU (90%) than in patients with a DU alone (62%) (p = .001). In patients with a DU, moderate–severe chronic inflammation at the lesser and greater curvatures of corpus was associated with GC risk (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.46–9.36, and OR, 7.72; 95% CI, 3.18–18.7, respectively). Additionally, moderate–severe intestinal metaplasia (IM) at the antrum and corpus lesser curvature was associated with GC risk (OR, 7.52; 95% CI, 3.06–18.5, and OR, 9.25, 95% CI, 2.39–35.8, respectively).Conclusions:  A DU is not rare in patients with GC in a high‐risk region of GC. Patients with a DU with chronic corpus gastritis and IM have an increased risk of GC, thus those patients should be followed up for GC development.
Effect of a Collateral Ligament Sparing Surgical Approach on Mechanical Properties of Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Constructs
Authors: Bras Jose J. , Lillich James D. , Beard Warren L. , Anderson David E. , Armbrust Laura J. , Frink Elizabeth , Lease Kevin 
Published: November 2010

Objective:To (1) compare the effect of a collateral ligament sparing surgical approach with an open surgical approach on mechanical properties of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis, and (2) to determine the percentage of articular cartilage surface removed by transarticular (TA) drilling with different diameter drill bits.Study Design:Randomized paired limb design.Sample Population:Cadaveric equine limbs (n=76).Methods:Cadaveric PIPJ were drilled using a 3.5, 4.5, or 5.5 mm drill bit at 80–84° to the dorsal plane to remove articular cartilage and subchondral bone from the distal articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) and the proximal articular surface of the middle phalanx (P2). Bone ends were photographed and the percentage of the projected surface area that was denuded of cartilage was measured. PIPJ arthrodesis constructs (3‐hole dynamic compression plate [DCP], two 5.5 mm TA screws inserted in lag fashion, medial and lateral to the DCP; DCP‐TA) were created using 2 surgical approaches in paired limbs. A conventional open approach was used in 1 limb and a collateral ligament sparing approach used in the other limb. Constructs were tested to failure in single‐cycle 3‐point dorsopalmar/plantar or lateromedial bending. Maximum load, yield load, and composite stiffness were compared between techniques.Results:The 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 mm drill bits removed 24±4%, 35±5%, and 45±7% of total PIPJ articular cartilage surface, respectively. Constructs with the collateral ligament sparing approach had significantly greater mean yield load (11.3±2.8 versus 7.68±1.1 kN,P=.008) and mean maximum load (13.5±3.1 versus 10.1±1.94 kN,P=.02) under lateromedial bending. Under dorsopalmar/plantar bending there was no significant difference between surgical approaches. The collateral ligament sparing arthrodesis technique had a shorter surgical time (19±3 minutes) compared with the open technique (31±3 minutes).Conclusion:A collateral ligament sparing surgical approach to the PIPJ with removal of articular cartilage by TA drilling and arthrodesis by DCP‐TA was faster and stronger in mediolateral bending than arthrodesis constructs created with an open surgical approach.Clinical Relevance:Preservation of the collateral ligaments and TA drilling for cartilage removal during PIPJ arthrodesis may be a superior approach to the conventional open approach and warrants clinical evaluation.
Partial Lateral Corpectomy of the Thoracolumbar Spine in 51 Dogs: Assessment of Slot Morphometry and Spinal Cord Decompression
Authors: Flegel Thomas , Boettcher Irene Christine , Ludewig Eberhard , Kiefer Ingmar , Oechtering Gerhard , Böttcher Peter 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To report slot morphometry, degree of spinal decompression, and factors influencing decompression after partial lateral corpectomy (PLC) of the thoracolumbar spine in dogs with intervertebral disc disease.Study Design: Case series.Animals: Dogs (n=51) with predominantly ventrally located spinal cord compression.Methods: PLC (n=60) were performed. Spinal cord compression was determined by computed tomographic (CT) myelography (n=46), myelography (n=2) or magnetic resonance imaging (n=3). Postsurgical CT images were used to evaluate slot dimensions and orientation, and spinal cord decompression. The influence of age, body weight, breed, breed type (chondrodystrophic, nonchondrodystrophic), disc location, lateralization and mineralization, presurgical compression, slot morphometry, and surgeon on degree of decompression were evaluated.Results: Mean slot depth was 64.1% of vertebral body width; mean height, 43.0% of vertebral body height; mean cranial extension, 29.5%; median caudal extension, 22.0% vertebral body length; mean angulation from horizontal, 6.3°. Decompression was satisfactory in 90% of sites after PLC (58% complete, 32% good). None of the analyzed factors significantly influenced decompression. All lumbar spine PLC resulted in complete or good decompression compared with 83% after thoracic PLC (P=.052). Deeper slots tended to allow more complete decompression (P=.058).Conclusions: Thoracolumbar PLC results in satisfactory decompression in most cases with a better outcome in the lumbar spine than the thoracic spine. Achieving a slot depth equal to 2/3 of vertebral body width might facilitate complete decompression.
Increased Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Concentrations in Equine Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath Synovial Fluid Predicts Intrathecal Tendon Damage
Authors: Smith Matthew R. W. , Wright Ian M. , Minshall Gaynor J. , Dudhia Jay , Verheyen Kristien , Heinegård Dick , Smith Roger K. W. 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To evaluate digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) synovial fluid cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentrations as a molecular marker for intrathecal pathology.Study Design: Case control study.Animals: Horses (n=46) with DFTS tenosynovitis; 23 fresh cadaver horses.Methods: DFTS synovial fluid samples were collected from clinical cases with noninfected DFTS tenosynovitis and from control DFTS. Clinical and surgical findings were recorded, and dissection of control limbs was performed to confirm the DFTS to be grossly normal. Synovial fluid COMP was quantified using a homologous competitive inhibition ELISA.Results: Abnormalities were identified tenoscopically: intrathecal tendon/ligament tearing was identified in 37 cases and 9 had other lesions. In control horses, synovial fluid COMP was higher in younger horses. Clinical cases with intrathecal tendon/ligament tearing had higher synovial fluid COMP than either clinical cases with other lesions, or controls. In horses ≥5 years old, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay was high for diagnosing intrathecal tendon/ligament tearing.Conclusions: COMP concentrations in DFTS synovial fluid were significantly greater than those in normal horses with noninfected tenosynovitis caused by intrathecal tendon/ligament tearing, but not by other lesions.
Conversion from Diagnostic Laparoscopy to Laparotomy: Risk Factors and Occurrence
Authors: Buote Nicole J. , Kovak‐McClaran Janet R. , Schold Jesse D. 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To determine reasons for conversion from diagnostic laparoscopic procedures to celiotomy in dogs and cats.Study Design: Case series.Animals: Dogs (n=54), cats (40).Methods: Medical records (2004–2008) were reviewed for dogs and cats that had diagnostic laparoscopic or laparoscopic‐assisted biopsy. Numbers of conversions to laparotomy were recorded, including cause and type (elective versus emergent), postoperative complications, and short‐term outcome. Specific risk factors for conversion, including signalment, preoperative diagnostics, and surgical findings were assessed; categorical variables were tested by χ2 and Fisher's exact tests; continuous variables by Student's t‐test and Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests; multivariate logistic regression models were created.Results: Twenty animals (21%) had laparoscopic conversion; 13 (65%) were considered elective and 7 (35%) emergent conversions. There was no significant difference between animals requiring and those not requiring conversion for age, weight, sex, body condition score, clinical signs, previous abdominal surgery, or surgeon experience. Significant risk factors for conversion included low total solids (P=.03), presence of a solitary liver tumor (P<.01), and diagnosis of neoplasia (P<.01).Conclusions: A conversion rate of 21% was found in this population of dogs and cats undergoing laparoscopic diagnostic procedures. A preoperative finding of a solitary liver tumor, low total solids, and diagnosis of malignancy were all significant risk factors for conversion.
Citation Metrics: Serious Drawbacks, Perverse Incentives, and Strategic Options for Heterodox Economics
Authors: Kapeller Jakob 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reviews strategic suggestions for heterodox economic journals and heterodox economists relating to quantitative indexing. It contains a critique of Thomson Scientifics “Journal Impact Factor” as well as an integrated discussion of general strategic guidelines and specific strategic suggestions accounting for the special paradigmatic position of heterodox economics.
Susceptibility to hyperosmotic stress–induced phosphatidylserine exposure increases during red blood cell storage
Authors: Bosman Giel J.C.G.M. , Cluitmans Judith C.A. , Groenen Yvonne A.M. , Werre Jan M. , Willekens Frans L.A. , Novotný Vĕra M.J. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: During storage of red blood cell (RBCs) before transfusion, RBCs undergo a series of structural and functional changes that include the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), a potent removal signal. It was postulated that, during blood bank storage, the susceptibility to stress‐induced PS exposure increases, thereby rendering a considerable fraction of the RBCs susceptible to rapid removal after transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs were processed and stored following standard Dutch blood bank procedures. Samples were taken every week for up to 6 weeks and exposed to various stress conditions, such as hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion. The effect of these treatments on PS exposure was measured by flow cytometric analysis of annexin V binding. The same analyses were performed on RBCs that had been separated according to density using discontinuous Percoll gradients.RESULTS: During storage under blood bank conditions, RBCs become increasingly susceptible to loss of phospholipid asymmetry induced by hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion. Especially the RBCs of higher densities, that have a smaller volume and an increased HbA1c content as is typical of aged RBCs, become increasingly susceptible with storage time.CONCLUSIONS: During storage, RBCs develop an increased susceptibility to stress‐induced loss of phospholipid asymmetry that is especially associated with an aging phenotype. This increased susceptibility may be responsible for the rapid disappearance of a considerable fraction of the RBCs during the first 24 hours after transfusion.
Hospital blood bank information systems accurately reflect patient transfusion: results of a validation study
Authors: McQuilten Zoe K. , Schembri Nikita , Polizzotto Mark N. , Akers Christine , Wills Melissa , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole F. , Whitehead Susan , Wood Erica M. , Phillips Louise E. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: Hospital transfusion laboratories collect information regarding blood transfusion and some registries gather clinical outcomes data without transfusion information, providing an opportunity to integrate these two sources to explore effects of transfusion on clinical outcomes. However, the use of laboratory information system (LIS) data for this purpose has not been validated previously.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Validation of LIS data against individual patient records was undertaken at two major centers. Data regarding all transfusion episodes were analyzed over seven 24‐hour periods.RESULTS: Data regarding 596 units were captured including 399 red blood cell (RBC), 95 platelet (PLT), 72 plasma, and 30 cryoprecipitate units. They were issued to: inpatient 221 (37.1%), intensive care 109 (18.3%), outpatient 95 (15.9%), operating theater 45 (7.6%), emergency department 27 (4.5%), and unrecorded 99 (16.6%). All products recorded by LIS as issued were documented as transfused to intended patients. Median time from issue to transfusion initiation could be calculated for 535 (89.8%) components: RBCs 16 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], 15‐18 min; interquartile range [IQR], 7‐30 min), PLTs 20 minutes (95% CI, 15‐22 min; IQR, 10‐37 min), fresh‐frozen plasma 33 minutes (95% CI, 14‐83 min; IQR, 11‐134 min), and cryoprecipitate 3 minutes (95% CI, −10 to 42 min; IQR, −15 to 116 min).CONCLUSIONS: Across a range of blood component types and destinations comparison of LIS data with clinical records demonstrated concordance. The difference between LIS timing data and patient clinical records reflects expected time to transport, check, and prepare transfusion but does not affect the validity of linkage for most research purposes. Linkage of clinical registries with LIS data can therefore provide robust information regarding individual patient transfusion. This enables analysis of joint data sets to determine the impact of transfusion on clinical outcomes.
Absence of detectable xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus in plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1–infected blood donors or individuals in Africa
Authors: Tang Shixing , Zhao Jiangqin , Viswanath Ragupathy , Nyambi Phillipe N. , Redd Andrew D. , Dastyar Armeta , Spacek Lisa A. , Quinn Thomas C. , Wang Xue , Wood Owen , Gaddam Durga , Devadas Krishnakumar , Hewlett Indira K. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: Since the identification of xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer patients in 2006 and in chronic fatigue syndrome patients in 2009, conflicting findings have been reported regarding its etiologic role in human diseases and prevalence in general populations. In this study, we screened both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) collected in Africa from blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV‐1)‐infected individuals to gain evidence of XMRV infection in this geographic region.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 199 plasma samples, 19 PBMNC samples, and 50 culture supernatants from PBMNCs of blood donors from Cameroon found to be infected with HIV‐1 and HIV‐1 patients from Uganda were screened for XMRV infection using a sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR assay.RESULTS: Using highly sensitive nested PCR or RT‐PCR and real‐time PCR assays capable of detecting at least 10 copies of XMRV plasmid DNA per reaction, none of the 268 samples tested were found to be XMRV DNA or RNA positive.CONCLUSIONS: Our results failed to demonstrate the presence of XMRV infection in African blood donors or individuals infected with HIV‐1. More studies are needed to understand the prevalence, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of XMRV infection worldwide.
Bacterial growth kinetics in ACD‐A apheresis platelets: comparison of plasma and PAS III storage
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , Wood Tammara A. , Housman Molly , Herschel Louise , Brantigan Barbara , Heber Cheryl , Houghton Jaime 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to determine the growth kinetics of bacteria in leukoreduced apheresis platelets (LR‐AP) in a platelet (PLT) additive solution (PAS; InterSol, Fenwal, Inc.) compared to LR‐AP stored in plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hyperconcentrated, double‐dose LR‐AP were collected from healthy donors with a separator (AMICUS, Fenwal, Inc.). LR‐AP were evenly divided, InterSol was added to half (65% InterSol:35% plasma [PAS]), and PLTs in autologous plasma were used for a paired control (PL). Bacteria were inoculated into each LR‐AP PAS/PL pair (0.5‐1.6 colony‐forming units [CFUs]/mL), and bacterial growth was followed for up to 7 days. Time to the end of the lag phase, doubling times, maximum concentration (conc‐max), and time to maximum concentration (time‐max) were estimated.RESULTS: Streptococcus viridans did not grow to detectable levels in either PAS or PL units. The other bacteria had no significant overall difference in the conc‐max (p = 0.47) or time‐max (p = 0.7) between PL and PAS LR‐AP; PL had a 0.14 hours faster doubling rate (p = 0.023); and PAS had a 4.7 hours shorter lag time (p = 0.016).CONCLUSION: We observed that five index organisms will grow in LR‐AP stored in a 35%:65% ratio of plasma to InterSol where initial bacterial concentrations are 0.5 to 1.6 CFUs/mL. The more rapid initiation of log‐phase growth for bacteria within a PAS storage environment resulted in a bacterial concentration up to 4 logs higher in the PAS units compared to the plasma units at 24 hours, but with no difference in the conc‐max. This may present an early bacterial detection advantage for PAS‐stored PLTs.