bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline Olefin‐Linked Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: He Ting , On Ivan Keng Wee , Bi Shuai , Huang Ziyue , Guo Jingjing , Wang Zhifang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe construction of olefin‐linked chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity is highly desirable while remains great challenge due to the poor reversibility of the formation reaction for the olefin linkages during the in situ structural self‐healing process. Herein, we successfully synthesized two sets of enantiomeric olefin‐linked COFs. The chiral catalytic groups are uniformly distributed on the pore walls of COFs, resulting in the full exposure of catalytic sites to the reactants in asymmetric catalysis. The as‐prepared (R)/(S)‐CCOF8 exhibits excellent catalytic performance with exceeding 99 % enantiomeric excess in the enantioselective electrophilic amination reaction. Moreover, the heterogeneous chiral catalysts are conveniently recycled and could maintain the performance after ten catalytic cycles. Our findings expand the scope to construct stable and crystalline chiral COFs for the asymmetric catalysis.
Comparison of threshold algorithms for automatic processing of fat crystal microscopic images based on ImageJ
Authors: Xiong Miao , Qi Ang , Zhang Lu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroscopic image analysis is a crucial tool in fat crystallization research, enabling the analysis of crystal size, network structure, fractal dimension and other parameters through binarization. It is essential to seek an appropriate thresholding algorithm to binarize fat crystal images, which plays a vital role in image segmentation. In this article, the effectiveness of 17 thresholding algorithms such as Default, Mean, IsoData, Otsu, Li and Triangle were analyzed in processing fat crystal images with different shapes, background colors and image intensities. This was expected to discover a stable and objective thresholding algorithm for the binarization of fat crystal images. The performance evaluation was conducted according to the peak signal noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM) and region non‐uniformity (RNU) parameter. Moreover, the comparative analysis of crystal size error, crystal area fraction and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for fractal dimension values would provide a foundation for the selection of thresholding techniques for fat crystal network images. The results indicated that the Default algorithm exhibited remarkable robustness and applicability with high‐quality and stable outputs in fat crystal image processing.
Steady‐state and dynamic control of hydrocracking tail oil distillation process for high‐valued products
Authors: Li Min , Liu Wenzhi , Gao Yan , Huang Zhuocheng , Li Gaoyang , Pan Hui , Ling Hao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe maximum utilization of hydrocracking tail oil becomes increasingly important for petrochemical industry. The aim of this work is to develop optimized distillation processes to achieve various high‐valued qualified oil products from hydrocracking tail oil. Six different oil products is produced and the steady‐state distillation process, which aims to fractionate six qualified narrow distillates is established. The algorithm method incorporating divided‐wall column (DWC) configuration was introduced into the steady‐state design. Compared with traditional separation sequences, the DWC configuration leads to an energy‐saving potential up to 11.17%. Furthermore, effective dynamic control strategies were proposed, demonstrating precise and efficient control performance. In the presence of a 15% feed disturbance, the dynamic control structure is capable of maintaining the product distillation range near the set value. This comprehensive study provides a thorough investigation into the efficient utilization of hydrocracking tail oil, establishing a robust theoretical foundation for its industrial application.
Thermal aging of high‐performance fabrics used in the outer shell of firefighters' protective clothing
Authors: Hoque Md. Saiful , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance fibers are known for their exceptional specific strength and resistance to various hazardous conditions, including fire. However, the long‐term performance of these fibers when exposed to convective heat has rarely been reported. This study investigated the accelerated thermal aging behavior of three high‐performance fabrics of different blends of inherently flame‐resistant high‐performance fibers: copolymer of aramids (Technora®)/polybenzoxazole (PBO); para‐aramid/meta‐aramid; and para‐aramid/polybenzimidazole (PBI). Fabric specimens were thermally aged for up to 1200 h at temperatures ranging from 90 to 320°C. While all three fabrics experienced losses in the breaking force, the Technora®/PBO fabric displayed the best strength retention, despite the complete disappearance of the Technora® fiber crystallinity after aging at 320°C for 1200 h. The para‐aramid/PBI blended fabric showed signs of competing aging processes at high temperatures. An increase in the fabrics' crystallinity and evidence of chain scission were observed after thermal aging. Additionally, degradation in the fabric's water‐repellent finish was observed. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of more durable and safer protective gear, particularly for high‐risk activities like firefighting.
Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles: A new era in cancer therapy
Authors: Gaffar Nabila Abdul , Zahid Mavia , Asghar Akleem , Shafiq Muhammad Faisal , Jelani Seemal , Rehan Farah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer remains a global health crisis, claiming countless lives throughout the years. Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often bring about severe side effects, underscoring the pressing need for innovative, more efficient, and less toxic therapies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising technology capable of producing environmentally friendly anticancer nanoparticles. Among various nanoparticle types, metal‐based nanoparticles stand out due to their exceptional performance and ease of use in methods of imaging. The widespread accessibility of biological precursors for synthesis based on plants of metal nanoparticles has made large‐scale, eco‐friendly production feasible. This evaluation provides a summary of the green strategy for synthesizing metal‐based nanoparticles and explores their applications. Moreover, this review delves into the potential of phyto‐based metal nanoparticles in combating cancer, shedding light on their probable mechanisms of action. These insights are invaluable for enhancing both biomedical and environmental applications. The study also touches on the numerous potential applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Consequently, this research offers a concise and well‐structured summary of nanotechnology, which should prove beneficial to researchers, engineers, and scientists embarking on future research endeavors.
Intensively Cultivated Roman Villae Estates: Case Study of Medulin Bay (Istria, Croatia)
Authors: Doneus Nives , Doneus Michael 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTOur image of the Roman landscape of Istria is characterised by large‐scale centuriation and architectural remains of Roman villae. Detection and mapping of other, less dramatic landscape features require systematic large‐scale prospection, but this faces significant difficulties in the Mediterranean environment. However, the developments in the field of airborne laser scanning offer the possibility to create archaeologically usable digital terrain models under water and under very dense and low maquis vegetation. This paper reports on the use of terrain models created using a green laser and a sophisticated archaeologically driven ground point filtering strategy. Combined with archaeological aerial photo interpretation, this provides the means for landscape mapping and interpretation that has revealed a wealth of archaeological structures hinting at Roman agricultural practices and landscape. Our case study is based on a laser scan of about 24 km2 of land and underwater terrain in Medulin Bay. Processed, visualised and interpreted for archaeological purposes, the data reveal not only features ranging from prehistoric hilltop settlements to modern military installations but also features a complex picture of the Roman land use. Of particular interest is the large number of planting pits, which extend over a total length of 4 km. They were laid on a regular grid of approximately 35 × 35 m, sometimes combined in contiguous parcels. They can be interpreted as remains of orchards or tree nurseries of Roman date, and the paper examines also the question of whether they can be linked to the associated Roman estates. The case study area presented here shows that the potential of remote sensing methods goes far beyond the mere finding of traditional sites but can open up new landscape‐scale perspectives on regions that have been archaeologically little explored.
Eye of the future: Unlocking the potential utilization of hydrogels in intraocular lenses
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Jiale , Fan Wenhui , Zhong Qi , Xue Rongyue , Li Siyu , Song Zongming , Tao Ye 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrogels are distinguished by their exceptional ability to absorb and retain large volumes of water within their complex three‐dimensional polymer networks, which is advantageous for the development of intraocular lenses (IOLs). Their innate hydrophilicity offers an optimal substrate for the fabrication of IOLs that simulate the natural lens' accommodation, thereby reducing irritation and facilitating healing after surgery. The swelling and water retention characteristics of hydrogels contribute to their notable biocompatibility and versatile mechanical properties. However, the clinical application of hydrogels faces challenges, including managing potential adverse postimplantation effects. Rigorous research is essential to ascertain the safety and effectiveness of hydrogels. This review systematically examines the prospects and constraints of hydrogels as innovative materials for IOLs. Our comprehensive analysis examines their inherent properties, various classification strategies, cross‐linking processes, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Additionally, we thoroughly evaluate their interactions with ocular tissues, underscoring the potential for hydrogels to be refined into seamless and biologically integrated visual aids. We also discuss the anticipated technological progress and clinical uses of hydrogels in IOL manufacturing. With ongoing technological advancements, the promise of hydrogels is poised to evolve from concept to clinical reality, marking a significant leap forward in ophthalmology characterized by improved patient comfort, enhanced functionality, and reliable safety.
Obesity is associated with acute kidney injury in ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A national representative cohort study
Authors: Ye Congyan , Ma Xueping , Shi Bo , Yan Rui , Fu Shizhe , Wang Kairu , Jia Shaobin , Yan Ru , Cong Guangzhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and potentially life‐threatening complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the relationship between obesity and the risk of AKI in this specific patient population has not been previously examined.MethodsWe queried the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2019) using ICD‐10 codes to obtain a sample of adults with STEMI undergoing PCI. All patients were further subcategorized into obese and nonobese cohorts. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of obesity on AKI. The consistency of this correlation between subgroups was investigated using subgroup analysis and interaction testing.ResultsA total of 62,599 (weighted national estimate of 529,016) patients were identified, of which 9.80% (n = 6137) had AKI. Obesity comprised 19.78% (n = 1214) of the AKI cohort. Obese patients were on average younger, male, white, and had more comorbidities. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between obesity and AKI incidence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.34), which was more pronounced in female patients (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.33–1.82, p < 0.001, p‐interaction = 0.008). The AKI incidence in these patients increased steadily during the 4‐year study period, and it was consistently higher in obese patients than in nonobese patients (p‐trend < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsObesity was independently associated with a greater risk of AKI among adults with STEMI undergoing PCI, particularly in female patients.
Development of an Activity Coefficient Model for the Aqueous Amino Acid Solution
Authors: Kim Jun‐Woo , Lee Kang Hoon , Park Woo Hyung , Lee Jina , Park Chanhun , Kim Miae , Kim Jin‐Kuk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe enthalpy and solubility of aqueous amino acid solutions are essential thermodynamic properties for the modeling of heat and mass balance, and these properties can be estimated by considering the activity coefficient in thermodynamic calculations. In this study, the parameters of a non‐random two‐liquid model were identified using heat capacity and solubility data together to calculate the acceptable activity coefficient for an aqueous amino acid system. As a result, a highly accurate activity coefficient model of an aqueous amino acid solution was developed, and inaccurate alternative solutions regressed with heat capacity or solubility only can be avoided.
Desulfurization of Gasoline and Diesel by Fly Ash‐Derived FAU Zeolite
Authors: Hossi Januario Da Costa , Nkazi Diakanua , van der Merwe Josias , Joel Atuman Samaila , Harding Kevin Graham 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSulfur in fossil fuels is a major environmental and public health concern worldwide due to emissions of sulfur oxides formed during combustion. This may require new developments or upgrades of existing refining technologies. Hence, further desulfurization of gasoline and diesel to combat hazardous emissions could be a significant step toward environmental protection. In this study, adsorptive desulfurization of gasoline and diesel was achieved using a low‐cost fly ash‐derived faujasite (FAU) zeolite as complementary to the conventional hydrodesulfurization method. Sulfur levels of fuel samples, brought to the laboratory from typical fuel stations, were detected by a turbidimetric method before and after desulfurization. FAU zeolite sorbent, prepared from coal fly ash, was contacted with the fuel samples at stopped flow, and the residual fuels were analyzed to determine the sorbent's desulfurization performance. The process was optimized to enhance the sorbent's performance by varying the reaction conditions such as temperature, fuel volume, and the sorbent chemical composition. The results indicated that, at ambient temperature and pressure, the zeolitic desulfurization could reduce the sulfur content approximately by 40 % of its initial concentration, from 61 to 37 ppm and 155 to 97 ppm, in gasoline and diesel, respectively. Therefore, fly ash zeolites offer a possible opportunity for further desulfurization of refining petroleum fuels which may lead to economic and environmental gains.
Ambiguous Faces of Water‐Based Inclusion Compounds: L4(4)8(8) Intercalato‐Clathrate Hydrate of Pt(II) Complex
Authors: Pietrzak Anna , Wojciechowski Jakub , Nowak Przemysław , Gacki Michał , Ochocki Justyn , Wolf Wojciech M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClathrate hydrates are among the most intensively studied H‐bond inclusion compounds. Despite the broad definition for this class of compounds, their meaning commonly refers to closed polyhedral nanocages that encapsulate small guest molecules. On the other hand, larger solutes enforce another type of encapsulation because of the solute size effect. Herein, we report a series of structures containing various molecules encapsulated by intercalated water layers constructed of polycyclic moieties of L4(4)8(8) topology. We parametrized the corrugation of individual layers and characterized interactions governing their formation. We suggested that these could be categorized as two‐dimensional clathrates based on the character of intra‐layer interactions and the effects observed between entrapped molecules and water‐based intercalators.
Divergent Synthesis of Pyrazoles via Manganese Pincer Complex Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Kumar Pramod , Mule Arjun , Maji Biplab 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis report detailed the synthesis of multi‐substituted pyrazoles through the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) reaction catalyzed by a well‐defined manganese(I)‐pincer complex. Symmetrically substituted pyrazoles were synthesized by reacting 1,3‐diols with hydrazines. Unsymmetrically substituted pyrazoles were selectively made via the ADC of primary alcohols with methyl hydrazones. Water and hydrogen are liberated as the green byproducts. The endurance of these methodologies has been presented by producing 30 substrates with varied functionalities. Model reactions were scaled up to demonstrate practicability. The reaction rate and order were measured to transparent the involvement of the reagents during catalysis. Control experiments elucidated the plausible reaction mechanisms.
From the Randomized AMBORA Trial to Clinical Practice: Comparison of Medication Errors in Oral Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Cuba Lisa , Dürr Pauline , Dörje Frank , Fromm Martin F. , Schlichtig Katja 
Published: April 2024

The randomized AMBORA trial showed that medication errors are frequent in patients treated with oral antitumor therapeutics and that they can be substantially reduced by an intensified clinical pharmacological/pharmaceutical care program. While randomized controlled trials are essential to generate clinical evidence, their generalizability in real‐world is not always given. The AMBORA care program was implemented in clinical routine within the AMBORA Competence and Consultation Center (AMBORA Center) at the Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMN, allowing a thorough comparison of medication error frequencies and characteristics. Our primary analysis compared data at therapy initiation of new oral antitumor therapeutics from the AMBORA trial intervention group (n = 98) and the AMBORA Center (n = 142). Medication errors involving the oral antitumor therapeutics were twofold higher in real‐world compared to the randomized controlled trial (mean 0.83 ± 0.80 per patient vs. 0.41 ± 0.53, P < 0.001). We observed more complex oral antitumor therapeutic regimens, a higher median number of medications, and a higher ECOG status in clinical routine vs. the randomized trial. A high percentage of medication errors was completely solved in both groups (85.7% vs. 88.3%, ns). Medication error characteristics within the complete medication (oral antitumor therapeutics and concomitant medication) were similar in both groups (e.g., patient‐related causes, drug–drug/drug–food interactions). Taken together, medication errors were even more frequent in clinical routine than in the randomized controlled trial and a high rate was solved in clinical routine by a clinical pharmacological/pharmaceutical care program.
Process Development for the Enzymatic Gram‐Scale Production of the Unnatural Nucleotide Sugar UDP‐6‐Azido‐GalNAc
Authors: Frohnmeyer Hannes , Verkade Jorge M. M. , Spiertz Markus , Rentsch Andreas , Hoffmann Niels , Sobota Milan , Schwede Frank , Tjeerdsma Peter , Elling Lothar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAzido sugars hold great promise as substrates in numerous click‐chemistry applications. However, the synthesis of activated azido sugars is limited by cost and complexity. Conventional chemical activation methods are intricate and time‐consuming. In response, we have developed a process for the large‐scale production of UDP‐6‐azido‐GalNAc through enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis on a gram scale. Our optimization strategies encompassed refining the process parameters of an enzyme cascade featuring NahK from Bifidobacterium longum and AGX1 from Homo sapiens. Using the repetitive‐batch‐mode technology, we synthesized up to 2.1 g of UDP‐6‐azido‐GalNAc, achieving yields up to 97 % in five consecutive batch cycles using a single enzyme batch. The synthesis process demonstrated to have total turnover numbers (TTNs) between 4.4–4.8 g of product per gram of enzyme (gP/gE) and STYs ranging from 1.7–2.4 g per liter per hour (g*L−1*h−1). By purification of a product solution pool containing 2.6 g (4.1 mmol) UDP‐6‐azido‐GalNAc, 2.1 g (2,122.1 mg) UDP‐6‐azido‐GalNAc (sodium salt) with a purity of 99.96 % (HPLC) were obtained. The overall recovery after purification was 81 % (3.32 mmol). Our work establishes a robust production platform for the gram‐scale synthesis of unnatural nucleotide sugars, opening new avenues for applications in glycan engineering.
Upregulation of FGF9 and NOVA1 in cancer‐associated fibroblasts promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Yang , Yu Jinsong , Lin Xi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression. This study aimed to explore the roles of CAFs‐derived Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) and Neuro‐oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression. MDA‐MB‐231 and BT‐549 cells were cocultured with CAF conditioned‐medium (CAF‐CM) or normal fibroblasts conditioned‐medium (NF‐CM). MTT, EdU, colony formation, wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays were employed to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot and RT‐qPCR were carried out to examine the protein and mRNA expression of FGF9 and NOVA1. Xenograft tumor experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of CAFs, FGF9, and NOVA1 on tumor growth in vivo. Our results showed that CAFs significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells. FGF9 and NOVA1 were significantly upregulated in TNBC CAFs, tissues and cells. CAF‐CM also could increase the expression of FGF9 and NOVA1 in TNBC cells. Knockdown of FGF9 or NOVA1 could hamper cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of TNBC cells. Moreover, CAFs with FGF9/NOVA1 knockdown also could inhibit TNBC progression. Besides, CAFs significantly accelerated tumor growth in vivo, which was blocked by FGF9/NOVA1 knockdown in nude mice. In conclusion, our results indicated the tumor‐promoting role of CAFs in TNBC progression. FGF9 and NOVA1 upregulation in CAFs induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and facilitated tumor growth in vivo in TNBC development.