bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate Violations: Women and the Ajusticiamiento of Dictator Rafael Trujillo, 1944-1961
Authors: Manley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2012

The foundation of social order, the primary essence and basic nucleus of every political organization, rests in the family, without whose stable and healthy development, the prosperity of the nation is impossible.On the afternoon of August 10, 1959, several dozen Dominican and Cuban women gathered in the streets of Havana. Dressed in black as though headed to a funeral, they mourned the political situation in the neighboring Dominican Republic. Specifically, they targeted the dictator Rafael Trujillo, calling him the “Jackal of the Caribbean.” As they paraded through the streets carrying placards and visiting newspaper offices, tliey were focusing attention on their specific struggles as women and motliers. Their posters read, “Dominican Women Support the Revolutionary Government”; “We Ask for the Expulsion of Trujillo from the OAS”; and “We Represent the Mourning of the Assassinations Committed by Trujillo.”
Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of n-hexane Fraction from the Hydro-methanolic Extract of Sepals of Salmalia malabarica in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: De Debasis , Ali Kazi Monjur , Chatterjee Kausik , Bera Tushar Kanti , Ghosh Debidas 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Bio-efficacy of n-hexane fraction of sepal of Salmalia malabarica was evaluated covering the biochemical sensors for the management of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic effects. Evaluation of n-hexane fraction of Salmalia malabarica (SMH) from hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract at the dose of 0.1 gm/kg body weight twice a day were investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats were divided into five groups. The effect of the fraction on fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), phospholipids, free fatty acids, urea, uric acid, creatinine, albumin and transaminases were investigated in STZ-induced diabetic rat. A significant reduction of FBG level was observed after SMH treatment in STZ-induced diabetic rat. Treatment of diabetic rats with n-hexane fraction of this plant restored the levels of the above biochemical sensors significantly (p<0.001) in respect to the control. Histological studies of pancreas showed a qualitative diminution in the area of the islet’s of Langerhans in diabetic group which was recovered by said fraction. Phytochemical screening of the fraction revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids.
“Risk Is a Social Thing, Not Just a Mathematical Thing:” A Model for Stakeholder Engagement in Decision Making
Authors: Poetz Anneliese 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAbstractA practical model is needed for stakeholder engagement in decision making that involves risks to public safety. An effective model should be adaptable to contingencies and meet the needs of diverse stakeholders in a democratic setting. This paper presents a new model for stakeholder consultation and knowledge exchange that has been derived through the use of case study and grounded theory. Data were mainly comprised of 30 one‐on‐one interviews with stakeholders involved in the decision making processes for the re‐licensing of two nuclear power generation facilities in Ontario, Canada. The model is centered upon the importance of developing and maintaining quality relationships among stakeholders before, during, and after consultation, in part through active communication and conflict management through skilled facilitation. Also important are stakeholders' divergent perceptions about risk, and understanding of the risks associated with the decision to be made. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy and practice. Investment in a long‐term, relationship‐centred approach can enable future projects to remain on‐time and on‐budget.
Crisis and Policy Change: The Role of the Political Entrepreneur
Authors: Hogan John , Feeney Sharon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAbstractThis paper seeks to investigate the inner mechanics of policy change. It aims to discover how ideas enter the political arena, and how endogenous forces within the policy making environment transform ideas into new policies. The central hypothesis is that in times of crisis, new ideas emanate from a number of change agents, but in order for any of these ideas to enter the institutional environment, one specific agent of change must be present: the political entrepreneur. Without political entrepreneurs, ideational change, and subsequent policy change, would not occur. The paper sets out a framework for identifying and explaining the endogenous drivers of policy change, and then tests this framework on two case studies, from two countries.
Managing Climate Change Risk: Insurers Can Lead the Way
Authors: Seifert Deborah L. , Lindberg Deborah L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAbstractRapid climate change has been occurring for the past few decades (IPCC 2012). These climate changes are predicted to continue and possibly accelerate for many decades to come (IPCC 2012). One of the industries most affected by climate change is the insurance industry; for instance, changing weather patterns could lead to increases in damages from events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods (Mufson 2007). Fortunately, however, the insurance industry is uniquely positioned to lead the way with regard to climate change mitigation and risk management. Insurers can promote a more sustainable future through better risk‐based modeling and product pricing; through innovative green products; through partnering with businesses for better environmental governance; through alliances with policy‐makers and regulators to ensure voluntary market adjustments for risk; and by championing the enforcement of building code efforts (Lloyd's 2006; Liedtke, Schanz, and Stahel 2009). Finally, while insurers can potentially have a major influence over the management of climate change risk in society, they must first model sustainability in order to be credible advisors to customers and other constituents.
First record of fertile gametophytes of Polysiphonia perforans (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Alongi Giuseppina , Catra Marcello 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We report fertile gametophytes of Polysiphonia perforans for the first time in collections from the Mediterranean Sea. The occurrence of spermatangial axes replacing whole trichoblasts and four-celled carpogonial branches, in addition to the previously known features, such as the occurrence of four pericentral cells, the open connection between rhizoids and pericentral cells and the straight arrangement of tetrasporangia, allow us to confirm that the species belongs to the genus Polysiphonia.
Error reporting in transfusion medicine at a tertiary care centre: a patient safety initiative
Authors: Elhence Priti , Shenoy Veena , Verma Anupam , Sachan Deepti 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background: Errors in the transfusion process can compromise patient safety. A study was undertaken at our center to identify the errors in the transfusion process and their causes in order to reduce their occurrence by corrective and preventive actions.

Methods: All near miss, no harm events and adverse events reported in the ‘transfusion process’ during 1 year study period were recorded, classified and analyzed at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India.

Results: In total, 285 transfusion related events were reported during the study period. Of these, there were four adverse (1.5%), 10 no harm (3.5%) and 271 (95%) near miss events. Incorrect blood component transfusion rate was 1 in 6031 component units. ABO incompatible transfusion rate was one in 15,077 component units issued or one in 26,200 PRBC units issued and acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatible transfusion was 1 in 60,309 component units issued. Fifty-three percent of the antecedent near miss events were bedside events. Patient sample handling errors were the single largest category of errors (n=94, 33%) followed by errors in labeling and blood component handling and storage in user areas.

Conclusions: The actual and near miss event data obtained through this initiative provided us with clear evidence about latent defects and critical points in the transfusion process so that corrective and preventive actions could be taken to reduce errors and improve transfusion safety.
Application of mathematical models of system uncertainty to evaluate the utility of assay calibration protocols
Authors: Ramamohan Varun , Abbott Jim , Klee George G. , Yih Yuehwern 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background: Laboratory protocols used to calibrate commercial clinical chemistry systems affect test result quality. Mathematical models of system uncertainty can be developed using performance parameters provided by the manufacturer for various subsystems. These models can be used to evaluate protocols for specific laboratory operations.

Methods: A mathematical model was developed to estimate the uncertainty inherent in the Roche Diagnostics P-Modular system, and included uncertainties associated with the sample and reagent pipettes, spectrometer and the calibration process. The model was then used to evaluate various alternate calibration protocols: calibration based on mean of replicate measurements (n=1–6) and calibration based on conditional acceptance when the following quality control specimen was within one standard deviation of target. The effect of calibrator concentrations on assay measurement uncertainty was also studied, and calibrator concentrations that minimize uncertainty at a specific concentration were identified.

Results: The simulation model produced uncertainty estimates of 3.5% for the serum cholesterol assay and identified sample pipette (40%) and spectrometer (21%) as the largest contributors to measurement uncertainty. Each additional replicate calibrator measurements result in diminishing reductions in measurement uncertainty, with maximum reductions (19%) achieved with five replicate measurements. The conditional acceptance of calibration only when the control was within 1s resulted in an 18% reduction.

Conclusions: The model can be used to evaluate the utility of laboratory protocols and establish realistic assay performance targets. The model also can help instrument manufacturers and laboratorians identify major contributors to assay measurement uncertainty, which helps improve performance in future assay systems.
The evolution of risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalisation in infants born at 32–35 weeks’ gestational age: time-based analysis using data from the FLIP-2 study
Authors: Carbonell Xavier , Fullarton John R. , Gooch Katherine L. , Figueras-Aloy Jose 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalisation changes through the first year of life in infants of 32–35 weeks’ gestational age (wGA).

Methods: Risk factors from the FLIP-2 study (190 cases/4566 age-matched controls) were included in a Cox regression analysis wherein time slices were taken at 1-month intervals from birth.

Results: Half of all RSV hospitalisations occurred in the first 68 days after birth, with 56% occurring within 90 days. The time taken for 50% of hospitalisations to occur was 148 days for those born outside the RSV season and 58 days for those born within the season. By 90 days old, 84% of infants born in the season and 20% of those born outside the season were hospitalised. In both groups, hospitalisations occurred ≥5 months after birth. Male sex, smoking whilst pregnant, month of birth, duration of breastfeeding, number of siblings at school, and number of smokers in household all contributed to the risk of RSV hospitalisation beyond the age of 90 days.

Conclusions: The risk of RSV hospitalisation appears to persist to at least 5–6 months old in 32–35 wGA infants, which has implications for the optimal management of disease prevention.
Carboxyhemoglobin levels in umbilical cord blood of women with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Yusuf Kamran , Kamaluddeen Majeeda , Wilson R. Douglas , Akierman Albert 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective: Pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with abnormal placentation. Heme oxygenase (HO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are involved in normal placental development and function and vasomotor control in the placenta. The objective of our study was to measure CO levels, as assessed by carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in the umbilical cord arterial blood of women with PE, normotensive IUGR (<10th percentile for birth weight), and normotensive pregnancies with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants.

Design and methods: We prospectively analyzed COHb levels in the umbilical arterial blood of women with PE, normotensive IUGR, and normotensive AGA pregnancies. Exclusion criteria included cigarette smoke exposure, hemolytic disorders, a positive direct anti-globulin test, chronic hypertension, fever, and any significant medical illness. COHb levels were measured using the ABL 725 blood gas analyzer.

Results: There were 41 women in the normotensive AGA group, 42 in the PE group, and 36 in the normotensive IUGR group. Maternal age, mode of delivery, gravidity, parity, and gender of the infants were similar in the three groups. Gestational age and birth weight were significantly higher in the normotensive AGA group compared with the other two groups. COHb levels were significantly lower in the PE group compared with the normotensive AGA group (0.38±0.06% vs. 0.77±0.11%, P<0.05). COHb levels, although lower in the normotensive IUGR group compared with the normotensive AGA group, did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion: Our data suggests the HO-CO system may have a role in the pathogenesis of PE. We also, for the first time, provide information on umbilical arterial COHb levels in normotensive IUGR pregnancies.
Der Fuß auf dem Hochseil
Authors: Schmidt Sandra 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das rechte Setzen des Fußes ist für den klassischen Hochseilartisten eine Frage des Überlebens. Fraglich ist, weshalb dieses rechte Setzen der Füße Zuschauer, Akteure, Kunst und Literatur fasziniert. Historische Belege und literarische Aufnahmen des Motivs finden sich von mittelalterlichen Messen und frühneuzeitlichen Festen bis hin zu Zirkusbeschreibungen des 18. und Stadtjubiläen des 20. Jhs, von Goethe bis zu Paul Auster. Aktuell nimmt der französische Artist und Autor Philippe Petit eine Sonderstellung ein. Die mögliche Zuordnung der Praxis zu einem Genre sowie Momente, die Faszination oder Ablehnung derselben hervorrufen können, werden in einem ersten Versuch beschrieben.
Japan: The Body and its Feet
Authors: Ackermann Peter 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This paper aims to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural values attributed to feet in Japan and to find out what we can learn through close observation not only of feet in particular but of the relationship between feet and the body, and, by extension, between parts and a whole. Japanese language materials on the foot both in book form as well as on the internet are discussed, providing insights particularly into questions of training and healing. This first level of approach is expanded in an account of a field study, looking at Buddhist temples and shrines of deities people turn to when they need to focus on the feet.
Der bedeckte und der entblößte Fuß. Das Voranschreiten über die Erde und durch die Zeiten
Authors: Sorgo Gabriele 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Symbolik des nackten Fußes und der Schuhe im europäischen Raum in der Mythologie, im Kult, in der Magie und in der Kunst von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Der Fuß und seine Bedeckung, so zeigen Metaphern und Praktiken, standen in den Mythologien oft in Zusammenhang mit der Bewegung der Sonne. In diesem Themenkreis verwurzelt ist außerdem der Fortgang des Lebens, der auf die Fruchtbarkeit der Erde und der Menschen angewiesen ist, daher die sexuelle Symbolik der Füße und Schuhe.
Der Fuß des Dionysos – eine „griechische Frage“
Authors: Schlesier Renate 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The article focuses on a cultic hymn to Dionysos, transmitted in no. 36 of Plutarch’s Greek Questions. I read this unique testimony, as others have done, mainly against the background of Pausanias’ Description of Greece, books 5 und 6. But my results differ from former treatments and are especially the following: 1) Plutarch’s assertion that “the women of Elis” sing the hymn to Dionysos is to be understood literally; as in Pausanias, the women of Elis are not identical with the Elean college of the Sixteen Women. 2) The topographical reference in the hymn (“temple by the sea”) has to be taken seriously; the conjecture “temple of the Eleans” is not justified. 3) The women of Elis invoke Dionysos to make his epiphany as hero among them “with ox-foot”, and not “with bull-foot”; the invocation “noble bull”, at the end of the hymn, points to a cultic restitution of the god and has sexual implications.
Fuß-Karrieren. Der Schuh von Baudelaire bis Warhol
Authors: Capeloa Gil Isabel 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel setzt sich mit den Schuhen als grundlegende Merkmale einer fetischistischen Auffassung der Moderne. Angesichts des Werks Charles Baudelaires,der Dichter den literarischen Fetischismus zum Merkmal der diskursiven „Erfindung der Moderne“ machte, wird nun gezeigt wie die Schuh-Karriere in seiner Dichtung ein repräsentatives Beispiel der fetischistischen Rhetorik im Herzen der Selbstbezeichnung der modernen Kultur ist. Diese periphäre Objekte der menschlichen Kulturexistenz haben eine priviligierte Rolle für die Heraufstellung der Individualität errungen, so dass sie zur annankastischen Gebilde des Kulturprozesses geworden sind.
Der Fuß als Maßstab
Authors: Zirfas Jörg 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Fuß ist maßtechnisch betrachtet ein seltsames Körperteil. Er gewinnt seine Bedeutung als Rechenmaschine als komplementäres Gegenstück zur Hand und seine Bedeutung als Längenmaß als dividierte Elle. In der Moderne büßt er dann seine rechnerische Maßgeblichkeit fast durch den Meter ein. Wenn er noch als Maßstab fungiert, so teilt er sich in den maßgeblichen numerologischen und arithmetischen Realitäten seine Bedeutung mit anderen Körperteilen oder Maßeinheiten. Doch fiktiv spielt der Fuß in einigen Maßzusammenhängen zwar eine unscheinbare, aber doch interessante Rolle. Denn immerhin fliegt fast die gesamte Menschheit zurzeit mit den Füßen.
Total beta activity, 137Cs and 90Sr in surface air in northern Finland in 1963
Authors: Salminen-Paatero Susanna , Paatero J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Air filter samples collected at Sodankylä (67º22´ N, 26º39´ E) were analyzed to determine concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in surface air in northern Finland in 1963. Previously, activity concentrations of Pu isotopes have been determined from the same filters. Activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in surface air were <50 μBq/m3–13800 ± 2700 μBq/m3 and <10 μBq/m3–5340 ± 290 μBq/m3, respectively. Air concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr varied seasonally with a maximum in spring due to the springtime enhanced transportation of air masses with radioactive aerosols from the stratosphere to the troposphere. Activity ratios 90Sr/239+240Pu and 90Sr/137Cs were 6.9 ± 0.8–75 ± 5 and 0.08 ± 0.03–1.46 ± 0.51, respectively. The median value for the 90Sr/137Cs ratio (0.508) indicates contamination from global nuclear test fallout. An air mass back trajectory analysis suggests that no direct transport of radioactivity from the Novaya Zemlya test site to northern Finland occurred in 1963.
Application of the k0method in neutron activation analysis and in prompt gamma activation analysis
Authors: Révay Zs. , Kennedy G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe k0method is a highly successful standardization method developed for Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), later also introduced in Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA). After the careful calibration of the irradiation and counting facilities, the k0method makes the use of elemental standards unnecessary. Masses of the components are determined relative to the flux monitor, or, in the case of PGAA, to other known components of the sample. The development of the method is summarized in this review together with the description of methods implemented at different laboratories. The activities carried out in the laboratories of the authors are described as examples for the successful implementation of the k0approach to activation analysis.
Characterization of high active waste (155 GWd/Te) arising from fast reactor fuel reprocessing
Authors: Venkatesan K. A. , Kumaresan R. , Antony M. P. , Kumar T. , Srinivasan T. G. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A typical high active waste (HAW) arising from reprocessing of the nuclear fuel –(U0.3Pu0.7)C irradiated to the burn-up of 155 GWd/Te in a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) was characterized by various analytical techniques. The target element was separated from other interferences or pre-concentrated by a suitable technique such as solvent extraction, chromatographic methods etc. The results obtained from various techniques are compared. The implications of the estimated composition in handling, treatment and disposal of HAW are discussed.
Polish mieć and the semantic map of interpretive deontics
Authors: Holvoet Axel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The notion of interpretive deontics, based on that of interpretive use as defined by Sperber and Wilson (1986), was introduced in Holvoet and Konickaja (2011). The present article builds further on the results presented there. Starting out from the interpretive deontic uses of the Polish modal verb mieć and establishing their connection with other uses of this verb, the author attempts to give a more complete picture of conceptual relations in the domain of deontic modality than was available until now. The investigation is based on the semantic map method.
Bewerten in reaktiven Sprachhandlungen: Zur argumentativen Funktion von Evaluativa in tschechischen Parlamentsdebatten
Authors: Woldt Claudia 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The article analyses the correlation of argumentation schemes, evaluation and normes of meta-communicative communication in parliamentary debates. On the basis of selected discussions of the Czech Poslanecká sněmovna is to develop a typology of meta-communicative normes. Speakers refer on these normes in trying to comment (to criticize) the opinion of political opponents with the objective to persuade the (non present) voting public. In addition to discourse-specific institutional rules there are normes of argumentation to play a decisive role in persuasion of the addressee(s). Furthermore speakers refer to rules of social behaviour, such as asking for correct comportment (listening, let the speaker finish etc.).
Auf dem Weg zur nationalen Idylle der Tschechen: František Ladislav Čelakovský und seine „Selanky“
Authors: Ibler Reinhard 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
F. L. Čelakovský was one of the major poets of early Czech National Revival (národní obrození). He became famous for his books of adaptions of Russian and Czech folk poetry, „Ohlas písní ruských“ (1829; Echoes of Russian Songs) and „Ohlas písní èeských“ (1839; Echoes of Czech Songs). Less known are his „Selanky“ (Idylls), a group of poems that were written and partially published in the 1820s. As will be shown the texts as a whole represent the transition from traditional idyllic genre (following Geßner) to the modernized type of a national idyll which, on its part, was one of the main impulses for the general ,idyllization‘ of Czech culture in the further development of obrození.