bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolyzed chicken feather fibers for biobased composite reinforcement
Authors: Senoz Erman , Stanzione Joseph F. , Reno Kaleigh H. , Wool Richard P. , Miller Melissa E. N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn environment friendly, green composite design was demonstrated by producing an almost completely biorenewable and affordable material. Mildly pyrolyzed chicken feather fibers (PCFF) were incorporated in acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and methacrylated lauric acid (MLAU)‐based thermosetting resin to provide reinforcement in low density and rubbery polymer applications. The mechanical properties of the polymer composite, such as storage modulus, tensile modulus, tensile strength, and fracture energy were directly proportional to the fiber content. Varying the fiber content up to 32 wt % allowed for a wide tuning of mechanical properties (i.e., 20–300 MPa storage modulus and 10–150 MPa range at room temperature). Upon subjecting the CFFs to a strategic pyrolysis thermal history, the formation of isopeptide and ester bonds with limited protein backbone scission resulted in mechanical fiber integrity. Thermally stabilized PCFF have the potential for utilization in composite manufacturing, where typical manufacturing temperatures, especially in thermoplastic extrusion, exceed the untreated biobased fiber degradation temperature (215°C). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Development of water‐blown bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane foams using bio‐derived chain extender
Authors: Rashmi Baralu Jagannatha , Rusu Daniela , Prashantha Kalappa , Lacrampe Marie France , Krawczak Patricia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWater‐blown bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) formulations were developed to fulfill the requirements of the reactive rotational molding/foaming process. They were prepared using synthetic and bio‐based chain extenders. Foams were prepared by stirring polyether polyol (macrodiol), chain extender (diol), surfactant (silicone oil), chemical blowing agent (distilled water), catalyst, and diisocyanate. The concentration of chain extender, blowing agent, and surfactant were varied and their effects on foaming kinetics, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of foams were investigated. Density, compressive strength, and modulus of foams decrease with increasing blowing agent concentration and increase with increasing chain extender concentration, but are not significantly affected by changes in surfactant concentration. The foam glass‐transition temperatures increase with increasing blowing agent and chain extender concentrations. The foam cell size slightly increases with increasing blowing agent content and decreases upon surfactant addition (without any dependence on concentration), whereas chain extender concentration has no effect on cell size. Bio‐based 1,3‐propanediol can be used successfully for the preparation TPU foams without sacrificing any properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of febuxostat in dog plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhang Tianhong , Sun Yuanpeng , Zhang Peng , Gao Jingmei , Wang Shanshan , He Zhonggui 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA rapid, sensitive and selective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of febuxostat in dog plasma. Using paclitaxel as an internal standard (IS), a simple liquid–liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate was adopted for plasma sample pretreatment. Separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.2% formic acid). The assay was linear in the concentration ranged from 5 to 5000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL for febuxostat. The single run analysis was as short as 2.0 min. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of febuxostat tablets following oral administration at a single dose of 40 mg in beagle dogs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic predisposition of hand‐foot skin reaction after sorafenib therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Joo Ho , Chung Young‐Hwa , Kim Jeong A. , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Danbi , Lee Han Chu , Shin Eun‐Soon , Yoon Jung Hwan , Kim Byung Ik , Bae Si Hyun , Koh Kwang Cheol , Park Neung‐Hwa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sorafenib currently sets the new standard for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been suggested that Asian patients with HCC have increased susceptibility to hand‐foot skin reaction (HFSR) related to sorafenib therapy. The authors investigated the association between sorafenib‐induced HFSR and genetic polymorphisms in Korean patients with HCC.METHODS:For this prospective cohort study, the authors enrolled 59 consecutive patients with intermediate stage HCC from 5 centers in Korea. All patients received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Genotyping was performed on a total of 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 candidate genes (minor allelic frequency ≥5%). Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays before therapy and 1 month after therapy.RESULTS:During a median treatment period of 18 months, 55 patients (93%) developed sorafenib‐induced HFSR, including grade 1 reactions in 15 patients, grade 2 reactions in 27 patients, and grade 3 reaction in 13 patients. The SNPs TNF‐α −308GG, VEGF −94GG, VEGF 1991CC, VEGF IVS3‐28CC, and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1 family‐polypeptide A9 (UGT1A9) IVS1‐37431AA were associated significantly with the development of high‐grade (grade 2 or 3) HFSR in univariate analysis (P < .05). In multivariate analysis, the SNPs VEGF 1991CC (odds ratio, 45.7), TNF‐α −308GG (odds ratio, 44.1), and UGT1A9 IVS1‐37431AA (odds ratio, 18.7) were identified as independent risk factors for the development of high‐grade HFSR (P = .01, P = .02, and P = .02, respectively). He serum TNF‐α level measured 1 month after sorafenib therapy was correlated significantly with the development of high‐grade HFSR (odds ratio, 3.56; P = .026).CONCLUSIONS:Differences in the incidence of HFSR may have been caused by ethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of the TNF‐α, VEGF, and UGT1A9 genes, especially in relation to the expression of serum TNF‐α after sorafenib therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
“Late” macroendosomes and acidic endosomes in vertebrate motor nerve terminals
Authors: Stewart Richard S. , Teng Haibing , Wilkinson Robert S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractActivity at the vertebrate nerve—muscle synapse creates large macroendosomes (MEs) via bulk membrane infolding. Visualized with the endocytic probe FM1‐43, most (94%) of the ∼25 MEs/terminal created by brief (30‐Hz, 18‐second) stimulation dissipate rapidly (∼1 minute) into vesicles. Others, however, remain for hours. Here we study these “late” MEs by using 4D live imaging over a period of ∼1 hour after stimulation. We find that some (51/398 or 13%) disappear spontaneously via exocytosis, releasing their contents into the extracellular milieu. Others (at least 15/1,960 or 1%) fuse or closely associate with a second class of endosomes that take up acidophilic dyes (acidic endosomes [AEs]). AEs are plentiful (∼47/terminal) and exist independent of stimulation. Unlike MEs, which exhibit Brownian motion, AEs exhibit directed motion (average, 83 nm/sec) on microtubules within and among terminal boutons. AEs populate the axon as well, where movement is predominantly retrograde. They share biochemical and immunohistochemical markers (e.g., lysosomal‐associated membrane protein [LAMP‐1]) with lysosomes. Fusion/association of MEs with AEs suggests a sorting/degradation pathway in nerve terminals wherein the role of AEs is similar to that of lysosomes. Based on our data, we propose that MEs serve as sorting endosomes. Thus their contents, which include plasma membrane proteins, vesicle proteins, and extracellular levels of Ca2+, can be targeted either toward the reformation and budding of synaptic vesicles, toward secretion via exocytosis, or toward a degradation process that utilizes AEs either for lysis within the terminal or for transport toward the cell body. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:4275–4293, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tolerant Chalcogenide Cathodes of Membraneless Micro Fuel Cells
Authors: Gago Aldo Saul , Gochi‐Ponce Yadira , Feng Yong‐Jun , Esquivel Juan Pablo , Sabaté Neus , Santander Joaquin , Alonso‐Vante Nicolas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe most critical issues to overcome in micro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs) are the lack of tolerance of the platinum cathode and fuel crossover through the polymer membrane. Thus, two novel tolerant cathodes of a membraneless microlaminar‐flow fuel cell (μLFFC), PtxSy and CoSe2, were developed. The multichannel structure of the system was microfabricated in SU‐8 polymer. A commercial platinum cathode served for comparison. When using 5 M CH3OH as the fuel, maximum power densities of 6.5, 4, and 0.23 mW cm−2 were achieved for the μLFFC with Pt, PtxSy, and CoSe2 cathodes, respectively. The PtxSy cathode outperformed Pt in the same fuel cell when using CH3OH at concentrations above 10 M. In a situation where fuel crossover is 100 %, that is, mixing the fuel with the reactant, the maximum power density of the micro fuel cell with Pt decreased by 80 %. However, for PtxSy this decrease corresponded to 35 % and for CoSe2 there was no change in performance. This result is the consequence of the high tolerance of the chalcogenide‐based cathodes. When using 10 M HCOOH and a palladium‐based anode, the μLFFC with a CoSe2 cathode achieved a maxiumum power density of 1.04 mW cm−2. This micro fuel cell does not contain either Nafion membrane or platinum. We report, for the first time, the evaluation of PtxSy‐ and CoSe2‐based cathodes in membraneless micro fuel cells. The results suggest the development of a novel system that is not size restricted and its operation is mainly based on the selectivity of its electrodes.
Analysis, design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Tung Chia‐Yu 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYAn interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gyrokinetic Simulations of the Edge Pedestal in the TEXTOR Tokamak
Authors: Kiviniemi T. , Leerink S. , Heikkinen J.A. , Janhunen S. , Korpilo T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFull‐f gyrokinetic simulations starting from real experimental TEXTOR profiles are shown to include all the physics ingredients to maintain the steep density profile in H‐mode. For L‐mode profiles, strong geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are observed together with strongly correlated oscillatory particle fluxes which lead to profile relaxation (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Local Edge Plasma Perturbations Induced by a Biased Probe
Authors: Umansky M.V. , Brunner D. , LaBombard B. , Rognlien T. D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Langmuir probe is a standard diagnostic tool for laboratory plasmas, routinely used for edge plasmas in magnetic fusion devices. However, recent studies on the Alcator C‐Mod tokamak indicate the possibility of a substantial local plasma perturbation by a negatively biased divertor plate target probe under high recycling conditions when the electron temperature is under ∼10 eV. The effects of the probe perturbation of the plasma are studied using the tokamak edge plasma code UEDGE for parameters relevant to Alcator C‐Mod edge. It is found that at sufficiently negative bias voltage, the probe substantially modifies the local plasma characteristics. In particular, this is relevant to the experimentally known “death‐ray” phenomenon, where the plasma pressure near the probe strongly exceeds the upstream value. Certain features of the “death‐ray” phenomenon are reproduced in the modeling, pointing to interplay of plasma and neutrals transport, atomic physics, and sheath heat‐flux boundary conditions (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Effect of Non‐Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons on the Generation of Runaways in Multicomponent Plasma
Authors: Igitkhanov Yu. L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHighly energetic runaway electrons are able to penetrate the electron shell of partly ionized heavy ions during collisions, for which reason they may be scattered by a positive charge effectively larger than that of a shielded nucleus. This effect increases the Coulomb cross section and can be treated via an effective ion charge Zeff (εkin) that depends on the energy of the incident electrons εkin. The increase of effective charge number with increasing electron energy in multi‐component plasmas renders qualitatively the same result as high Zeff Coulomb plasmas. Since the generation rate of runaways depends on Zeff, its production during the mitigation of disruptions by massive gas injection could in some cases decrease owing to a heavy impurity concentration in the boundary tokamak plasma. This may explain why it has been observed that the runaway's avalanche is suppressed at electron densities below the so‐called “Rosenbluth density” (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric Field at a Plasma‐Facing Wall for a Two‐Temperature Electron Distribution
Authors: Tomita Y. , Kawamura G. , Ueno M. , Ohno N. , Huang Z.H. , Pan Y.D. , Yan L.W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe floating potential drop and the electric field at a plasma‐facing wall are studied in the case of double electron temperature, where electrons have a double‐Maxwellian velocity distribution and the ion distribution function is modeled by a Maxwellian distribution shifted by the ion sound speed at the sheath entrance. It was quantitatively clarified that the effects between the hot electron component and the ion temperature to the floating wall potential drop, where the higher hot electron component increases the potential drop and the finite ion temperature decreases it. The electric field is almost proportional to the density of the hot component for the case of lower hot component. On the other hand, at the higher hot electron component the electric field has its maximum with respect to the density of the hot component (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Progress with the COGENT Edge Kinetic Code: Collision Operator Options
Authors: Dorf M. A. , Cohen R. H. , Compton J. C. , Dorr M. , Rognlien T. D. , Angus J. , Krasheninnikov S. , Colella P. , Martin D. , McCorquodale P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCOGENT is a continuum gyrokinetic code for edge plasmas being developed by the Edge Simulation Laboratory collaboration. The code is distinguished by application of the fourth order conservative discretization, and mapped multiblock grid technology to handle the geometric complexity of the tokamak edge. It is written in v‖‐μ (parallel velocity – magnetic moment) velocity coordinates, and making use of the gyrokinetic Poisson equation for the calculation of a self‐consistent electric potential. In the present manuscript we report on the implementation and initial testing of a succession of increasingly detailed collision operator options, including a simple drag‐diffusion operator in the parallel velocity space, Lorentz collisions, and a linearized model Fokker‐Planck collision operator conserving momentum and energy (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduced Electron Models for Edge Simulation
Authors: Cohen R. H. , Dorf M. , Dorr M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider the treatment of electrons in kinetic simulations of edge plasmas. A fully kinetic treatment of electrons is expensive because of the short timescales associated with rapid streaming along field lines. Hence we survey a number of reduced options, of varying complexity, with particular attention to the “adiabatic model” commonly used for core plasmas. We note that the adiabatic model is the linear limit of a Boltzmann model, whose nonlinear form is more appropriate for the large potential variations in edge plasmas, and then consider extensions to the Boltzmann model which render it applicable to a plasma which includes end‐loss in the scrape‐off layer (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient and simultaneous generation of hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Park Tea Soon , Zimmerlin Ludovic , Zambidis Elias T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe hematopoietic and vascular lineages are intimately entwined as they arise together from bipotent hemangioblasts and hemogenic endothelial precursors during human embryonic development. In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells toward these lineages provides opportunities for elucidating the mechanisms of hematopoietic genesis. We previously demonstrated the stepwise in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to definitive erythromyelopoiesis through clonogenic bipotent primitive hemangioblasts. This system recapitulates an orderly hematopoiesis similar to human yolk sac development via the generation of mesodermal‐hematoendothelial progenitor cells that give rise to endothelium followed by embryonic primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that under modified feeder‐free endothelial culture conditions, multipotent CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors arise in mass quantities from differentiated hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). These hematopoietic progenitors arose directly from adherent endothelial/stromal cell layers in a manner resembling in vivo hematopoiesis from embryonic hemogenic endothelium. Although fibroblast‐derived hiPSC lines were previously found inefficient in hemato‐endothelial differentiation capacity, our culture system also supported robust hiPSC hemato‐vascular differentiation at levels comparable to hESC. We present comparative differentiation results for simultaneously generating hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from both hESC and fibroblast‐hiPSC. This defined, optimized, and low‐density differentiation system will be ideal for direct single‐cell time course studies of the earliest hematopoietic events using time‐lapse videography, or bulk kinetics using flow cytometry analyses on emerging hematopoietic progenitors. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A new identity dimensional D‐state observer for sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new identity dimensionless D‐state observer whose state variables are the stator reaction flux and rotor flux is proposed for the sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are newly and analytically derived for the observer gains that guarantee stable convergence of state variable estimates. Additionally, two new methods for designing observer gain are presented; these methods, the constant and speed‐dependent gain methods, satisfy the derived analytical conditions. The observer gain conditions used in the design methods are validated through extensive numerical experiments. In addition, typical design examples of the observer gains using the proposed design methods are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(1): 45–61, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21200
Integrated reproduction of human motion components by motion copying system
Authors: Tsunashima Noboru , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCurrently, the development of leading‐edge technology for recording and loading human motion on the basis of haptic information is required in the fields of manufacturing and human support. Human movement is an assembly of motion components. Since human movements should be supported by a robot in real time, it is necessary to integrate the motion components that were saved earlier. Once such motion integration is realized, future technology for use in daily human life can be developed. This paper proposes the integrated reproduction of the decomposed components of human motion by using a motion copying system. This system is the key technology for the realization of the acquisition, saving, and reproduction of real‐world haptic information. By using the proposed method, it is possible not only to achieve expert skill acquisition, skill transfer to robots, and power assist for each motion component, but also to open up new areas of applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(1): 28–35, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21263
The Reactions of Thianthrene and Selenanthrene with AlCl3: Coordination Complexes, Radical Ions, and Investigations on the Unique Triple‐Decker Molecule (Thianthrene)32+
Authors: Tjahjanto Rachmat Triandi , Peintinger Michael F. , Bredow Thomas , Beck Johannes 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reactions of thianthrene (TA) and selenanthrene (SeA) with AlCl3 were studied in the melt phase and with liquid SO2 as solvent. From neat AlCl3 and TA, the colorless complex [AlCl3(TA)] was isolated as the main product and the dark red salt (TA)3[Al2Cl7]2 as the byproduct. The analogous solvent‐free reaction of selenanthrene and AlCl3 takes a different course as colorless [Al(SeA)3][Al2Cl7]3 is formed in quantitative yield. With SO2 as solvent, both TA and SeA give the black radical salts (TA)2[AlCl4]2 and (SeA)2[AlCl4]2, respectively. In the structure of [AlCl3(TA)], thianthrene acts as a monodentate ligand and coordinates with one S atom to the pyramidal AlCl3 unit. The structure of the (TA)32+ ion is a stack of three almost planar TA molecules in parallel arrangement. [Al(SeA)3]3+ represents a tris‐chelate complex ion with SeA acting as a bidentate ligand and both Se atoms binding to the octahedrally coordinated Al3+ ion. (SeA)2[AlCl4]2 consists of dimers of SeA+ radical ions, which are bound by weak intermolecular Se···Se bonds. Tentative reaction equations are given to explain the unexpected oxidation processes that lead to the radical ions. Quantum chemical calculations were performed on the molecular fragments and on the periodical structures. The trimeric (TA)32+ ion is in the singlet state in accordance with the magnetic properties of (TA)3[Al2Cl7]2, which show a weak temperature‐independent paramagnetism. The ion is bound by long‐range four‐center bonds between the outer two radicals.