bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of chitosan microparticles for oral sustained delivery of gliclazide: in vitro/in vivo evaluation
Authors: Barakat Nahla S. , Almurshedi Alanood S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChitosan microparticles were prepared with tripolyphosphate (TPP) by ionic cross‐linking with gliclazide (GLZ) as a model drug. The particle sizes of TPP‐chitosan microparticles ranged from 675–887 µm with loading efficiencies of greater than 94%. Chitosan concentration, TPP solution pH, and glutaraldehyde volume solution added to the TPP cross‐linking solution affected drug release characteristics. Pectin interactions with cationic chitosan on the surface of TPP/chitosan microparticles led to the formation of polyelectrolyte complex films that improved drug sustained release performance. In vivo testing of the GLZ‐chitosan microparticles in diabetic albino rabbits demonstrated a significant antidiabetic effect of GLZ/chitosan microparticles after 8 h that lasts for 18 h compared with GLZ powder that produced a maximal hypoglycemic effect at 4 h, suggesting that GLZ/chitosan microparticles represent an improved system for the long‐term delivery of GLZ. Drug Dev Res 72: 235–246, 2011.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A subset of human pancreatic beta cells express functional CD14 receptors: a signaling pathway for beta cell‐related glycolipids, sulfatide and β‐galactosylceramide
Authors: Osterbye Thomas , Funda David P. , Fundová Petra , Månsson Jan‐Eric , Tlaskalová‐Hogenová Helena , Buschard Karsten 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundT1DM is a T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease targeting insulin‐producing beta‐cells. Multiple factors may contribute to the development of T1DM. Among these, the metabolic state of beta‐cells and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, produced by infiltrating immune cells, have been implicated in the precipitation of T1DM.Methods and ResultsIn this study, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of human pancreata revealed a distinct subset of beta‐cells expressing the innate LPS co‐receptor CD14. Human islets expressed fully functional CD14 as LPS stimulation led to a dose‐dependent secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8, which were substantially inhibited by a blocking anti‐CD14 mAb. In addition, LPS stimulation impaired the glucose‐mediated insulin secretion in rat islets. β‐GalCer and sulfatide, glycolipids that are related to insulin processing and secretion, are possibly interacting with the CD14 receptor complex. β‐GalCer had an LPS‐like, serum‐ and CD14‐dependent effect on the induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a human monocyte cell line. In contrast, the LPS‐mediated cytokine production was inhibited by sulfatide. Human islets also responded to β‐GalCer (10 µg/mL) by secreting TNFα, IL‐1β and IL‐8, whereas sulfatide partly inhibited the effect of LPS.ConclusionsA subset of human beta‐cells expresses functional CD14 receptor and thus is able to recognize both exogenous bacterial (LPS) as well as endogenous ligands (e.g. glycolipids of beta‐cell origin). The CD14 expression on a subset of human beta‐cells may play a role in the innate surveillance of the endocrine environment but may also contribute to innate immune mechanisms in the early stages of beta‐cell aggression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Chiral Sulfoxides Employing Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases
Authors: Rioz‐Martínez Ana , de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Pazmiño Daniel E. Torres , Fraaije Marco W. , Gotor Vicente 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOptically active sulfoxides are compounds of high interest in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the preparation of a set of chiral heteroaryl alkyl, cyclohexyl alkyl, and alkyl alkyl sulfoxides by using enantioselective sulfoxidation reactions employing three Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs). Careful selection of the reaction conditions, starting sulfide, and biocatalyst can be used to achieve good to excellent enantiomeric excess values. Thus, valuable chiral synthons can be obtained by performing the reactions under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. The most promising biotransformations that employ a BVMO cell‐free extract preparation have been developed on a 250‐mg scale to give the chiral sulfoxides in high yields in most of the reactions.
Solvent Effects on the Steric Course of the [2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement of (S,E)‐[3‐(Allyloxy)prop‐1‐ene‐1,3‐diyl]dibenzene and Derivatives
Authors: Ikemoto Hidaka , Sasaki Michiko , Takeda Kei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effect of solvents and additives on the steric course of [2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement of the chiral 1,3‐diphenyl‐1‐propenyloxy‐2‐propen‐1‐yl carbanion and its derivatives wasexamined on the basis of chirality transfer in intramolecular trapping.
The applicability of the N2 method to the estimation of torsional effects in asymmetric base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Koren David , Kilar Vojko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper deals with the applicability of the extended N2 method to base‐isolated plan‐asymmetric building structures. The results obtained by the usual pushover analysis of a 3D structural model are further combined with the aid of linear dynamic (spectral) analysis to account for the dynamic effects caused by structural asymmetry. In the paper, the method has been applied to the seismic analysis of a mass‐eccentric four‐storeyed RC frame building isolated with lead rubber bearings. Three different positions of the center of isolation system (CI) with respect to the center of mass (CM) and the center of stiffness of the superstructure (CS) were considered. The response was analyzed for three different eccentricities, three different torsional to lateral frequency ratios of the superstructure, and two ground motion intensities. The stiffness of the isolators was selected for three different protection levels, which resulted in elastic as well as moderately to excessively damaged superstructure performance levels. The results are presented in terms of the top, base and relative displacements, as well as the stiff/flexible side amplification factors. A more detailed insight into the nonlinear behavior of the superstructure is given in a form of ductility factors for the flexible and stiff side frames. The results of the extended N2 method for selected lateral load distributions are compared with the average results of nonlinear dynamic analyses. It was concluded that the extended N2 method could, with certain limitations, provide a reasonable prediction of the torsional influences in minor to moderately asymmetric base‐isolated structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote sensing of rivers: the emergence of a subdiscipline in the river sciences
Authors: Marcus W. Andrew , Fonstad Mark A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article reports on the special issue ofEarth Surface Processes and Landformsdedicated to remote sensing of rivers. This emerging subdiscipline of river science has grown at a rapid rate in recent years because of: (a) the growing desire and need for data to document and explore the full range of spatial and temporal variations in river systems; (b) evolving technologies that enable lower cost data acquisition, processing and analysis at reach to catchment to continental scales; and (c) the increasing engagement of river scientists with GIScience. The convergence of these factors and the ever growing number of practitioners speaks to the need for more communication among researchers, a major reason for creating this special issue. The 12 articles in the volume cover a broad spectrum of applications that use a variety of platforms and sensors, ranging from photogrammetric mapping of riffle‐pool morphology beneath forest canopy using a camera mounted on a hand held pole to satellite‐based synthetic radar mapping of subcontinental scale hydrology of large rivers. In this overview each of the 12 articles is briefly summarized. Based on these works and other research, it is concluded that the time for more widespread application of river remote sensing techniques is now. To promote more widespread use of remote sensing techniques for river science and management, the following are advocated: (a) developing stand alone or plug‐in software products that enable non‐expert users to implement these new methods, (b) incorporating remote sensing of rivers training into classes, workshops, and on‐line tutorials; and (c) promoting more intentional and formal collaboration among members of the river remote sensing community. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of vertical upward flame spread on charring materials—Part II: Numerical simulations
Authors: Wasan S. R. , Rauwoens P. , Vierendeels J. , Merci B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSimulation results, obtained by means of application of an enthalpy‐based pyrolysis model, are presented. The ultimate focus concerns the potential of the model to be used in flame spread simulations. As an example we discuss vertically upward flame spread over a charring material in a parallel plate configuration. First, the quality of the pyrolysis model is illustrated by means of cone calorimeter results for square (9.8 cm × 9.8 cm exposed area), 1.65 cm thick, horizontally mounted MDF samples. Temperatures are compared at the front surface and inside the material, for different externally imposed heat fluxes (20, 30 and 50 kW/m2), for dry and wet samples. The mass loss rate is also considered. Afterwards, vertically upward flame spread results are reported for large particle board plates (0.025 m thick, 0.4 m wide and 2.5 m high), vertically mounted face‐to‐face, for different horizontal spacings between the two plates. The simulation results are compared to experimental data, indicating that, provided that a correct flame height and corresponding heat flux are applied as boundary conditions, flame spread can be predicted accordingly, using the present pyrolysis model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire‐retardant poly(ethylene terephthalate) by combination of expandable graphite and layered clays for plastics and textiles
Authors: Alongi Jenny , Frache Alberto , Gioffredi Emilia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExpandable graphite (EG) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were melt blended to develop a new nanocomposite intumescent flame retardant in which the effect of combination of EG with nanoclays would be exploited with sodium and organo‐modified montmorillonites, namely Cloisite®Na, Cloisite®10A and Cloisite®30B. X‐ray diffraction analysis coupled to transmission electron microscopy and rheology shows that PET–EG–clay compounds are characterized by an exfoliated and/or intercalated morphology as a function of the type of clay. Thermal stability of composites is enhanced in nitrogen and air by filler adding as compared with neat PET, while combustion rate is decreased both in the bulk material and in textiles made of fibers spun from the compound. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A wavelet approach for factor‐augmented forecasting
Authors: Rua António 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt has been acknowledged that wavelets can constitute a useful tool for forecasting in economics. Through a wavelet multi‐resolution analysis, a time series can be decomposed into different timescale components and a model can be fitted to each component to improve the forecast accuracy of the series as a whole. Up to now, the literature on forecasting with wavelets has mainly focused on univariate modelling. On the other hand, in a context of growing data availability, a line of research has emerged on forecasting with large datasets. In particular, the use of factor‐augmented models have become quite widespread in the literature and among practitioners. The aim of this paper is to bridge the two strands of the literature. A wavelet approach for factor‐augmented forecasting is proposed and put to test for forecasting GDP growth for the major euro area countries. The results show that the forecasting performance is enhanced when wavelets and factor‐augmented models are used together. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PDE‐constrained optimization for advanced materials
Authors: Leugering Günter , Stingl Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn these notes we consider PDE‐constrained optimization in the context of advanced materials. We give examples for optimization and control in the coefficients, free material optimization, topology optimization, shape optimization in elastic and piezo‐electric materials. We explain some approaches to metamaterials, in particular for auxetic materials (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the treatment of distributed uncertainties in PDE‐constrained optimization
Authors: Borzì A. , Schulz V. , Schillings C. , von Winckel G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMost physical phenomena are significantly affected by uncertainties associated with variations in properties and fluctuations in operating conditions. This has to be reflected also in the design and control of real‐application systems.Recent advances in PDE constrained optimization open the possibility of realistic optimization of such systems in the presence of model and data uncertainties. These emerging techniques require only the knowledge of the probability distribution of the perturbations, which is usually available, and provide optimization solutions that are robust with respect to the stochasticity of the application framework.In this paper, some of these methodologies are reviewed. The focus is on PDE constrained optimization frameworks where distributed uncertainties are modeled by random fields and the structures in the underlying optimization problems are exploited in the form of multigrid methods and one‐shot methods. Applications are presented, including control problems with uncertain coefficients and erodynamic design under geometric uncertainties (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BAYESIAN MODEL SELECTION AND FORECASTING IN NONCAUSAL AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS
Authors: Lanne Markku , Luoma Arto , Luoto Jani 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a Bayesian estimation and forecasting procedure for noncausal autoregressive (AR) models. Specifically, we derive the joint posterior density of the past and future errors and the parameters, yielding predictive densities as a by‐product. We show that the posterior model probabilities provide a convenient model selection criterion in discriminating between alternative causal and noncausal specifications. As an empirical application, we consider US inflation. The posterior probability of noncausality is found to be high—over 98%. Furthermore, the purely noncausal specifications yield more accurate inflation forecasts than alternative causal and noncausal AR models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems genetics analysis of mouse chondrocyte differentiation
Authors: Suwanwela Jaijam , Farber Charles R , Haung Bau-lin , Song Buer , Pan Calvin , Lyons Karen M , Lusis Aldons J 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne of the goals of systems genetics is the reconstruction of gene networks that underlie key processes in development and disease. To identify cartilage gene networks that play an important role in bone development, we used a systems genetics approach that integrated microarray gene expression profiles from cartilage and bone phenotypic data from two sets of recombinant inbred strains. Microarray profiles generated from isolated chondrocytes were used to generate weighted gene coexpression networks. This analysis resulted in the identification of subnetworks (modules) of coexpressed genes that then were examined for relationships with bone geometry and density. One module exhibited significant correlation with femur length (r = 0.416), anteroposterior diameter (r = 0.418), mediolateral diameter (r = 0.576), and bone mineral density (r = 0.475). Highly connected genes (n = 28) from this and other modules were tested in vitro using prechondrocyte ATDC5 cells and RNA interference. Five of the 28 genes were found to play a role in chondrocyte differentiation. Two of these, Hspd1 and Cdkn1a, were known previously to function in chondrocyte development, whereas the other three, Bhlhb9, Cugbp1, and Spcs3, are novel genes. Our integrative analysis provided a systems-level view of cartilage development and identified genes that may be involved in bone development. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Probing structures of nanomaterials using advanced electron microscopy methods, including aberration‐corrected electron microscopy at the angstrom scale
Authors: Gai Pratibha L. , Yoshida Kenta , Shute Carla , Jia Xiaoting , Walsh Michael , Ward Michael , Dresselhaus Mildred S. , Weertman Julia R. , Boyes Edward D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStructural and compositional studies of nanomaterials of technological importance have been carried out using advanced electron microscopy methods, including aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC‐TEM), AC‐high angle annular dark field scanning TEM (AC‐HAADF‐STEM), AC‐energy filtered TEM, electron‐stimulated energy dispersive spectroscopy in the AC‐(S)TEM and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) holder. The AC‐EM data reveal improvements in resolution and minimization in image delocalization. A JEOL 2200FS double‐AC field emission gun TEM/STEM operating at 200 kV in the Nanocentre at the University of York has been used to image single metal atoms on crystalline supports in catalysts, grain boundaries in nanotwinned metals, and nanostructures of tetrapods. Joule heating studies using HRTEM integrated with an STM holder reveal in situ crystallization and edge reconstruction in graphene. Real‐time in situ AC‐HAADF‐STEM studies at elevated temperatures are described. Dynamic in‐column energy filtering in an AC environment provides an integral new approach to perform dynamic in situ studies with aberration correction. The new results presented here open up striking new opportunities for atomic scale studies of nanomaterials and indicate future development directions. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of plasmid DNA on ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatographic materials
Authors: Schmoeger Elisabeth , Paril Christina , Tscheliessnig Rupert , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of plasmid DNA onto two different types of ceramic hydroxyapatite beads with a particle diameter of 20 μm, namely Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Type II and the Type III, which is not commercially available, were investigated. Type II and the Type III have a pore diameter of 80 and 240 nm, respectively. Equilibrium and dynamic binding capacity for a 4.9 kbp model plasmid on Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Type II and Type III were enhanced by addition of NaCl to the adsorption buffer. This result indicates that the adsorption mechanism cannot be solely explained by electrostatic interaction. The affinities of plasmid DNA for Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Type II (with a KD of ≈0.005 mg/mL) and to Hydroxyapatite Type III (with a KD of ≈0.045 mg/mL) were not affected by NaCl, whereas the binding capacity was. This observation corroborates the assumption that a change of the shape of the plasmid molecule is affected and could be the reason for increased binding capacity with salt. The maximal binding capacity shows that at least a part of the CHT II bead must be accessible for the plasmid, whereas CHT III can be saturated with the plasmid. In both cases, an extremely hindered transport takes place.
Tourist behavioural intentions in relation to service quality and customer satisfaction in Kinmen National Park, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chien Min , Lee Hong Tau , Chen Sheu Hua , Huang Tsun Hung 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study assesses tourist satisfaction and its links with service quality using a hierarchical model that combines four primary determinants and eight corresponding sub‐dimensions. A sample of 616 tourists departing from Kinmen Airport was surveyed with a structured questionnaire after they had just visited Kinmen National Park. A series of analyses was performed to explore tourist satisfaction with the four main service quality attributes as well as their willingness of repeat visits and recommendation. As a result, it was consistently found that service quality has positive significant relationship with tourist satisfaction. It is thus suggested that national park managers have to satisfy tourists with a high level of service quality, based on the concept that service quality may have a significant influence on long‐term behavioural intentions through high levels of customer satisfaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of policy on soil conservation: A case study from Greece
Authors: Barbayiannis N. , Panayotopoulos K. , Psaltopoulos D. , Skuras D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractErosion of topsoil, loss of organic matter and irrigation water salinisation are the major soil conservation issues in Greek agriculture. Cross‐compliance measures applied under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) form the backbone of the soil conservation policy in Greece. CAP reforms and especially the transition to decoupled farm payments, instability in world agricultural commodity prices and contradicting agricultural policy signals are the major causes of changing farming practices. The incapability of institutional structures to follow the observed changes is attributed to the lack of appropriate infrastructure and low levels of human capital in quantitative and qualitative terms in the region. Soil conservation efforts are strongly influenced by a piecemeal policy framework and institutional rigidities. The present work uses case studies presenting failures and success in applying soil conservation policy in Greece Institutional capacity, building is necessary to support the implementation of conservation policy at local and regional levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced Differentiation of Embryonic and Neural Stem Cells to Neuronal Fates on Laminin Peptides Doped Polypyrrole
Authors: Zhang Ling , Stauffer William R. , Jane Esther P. , Sammak Paul J. , Cui Xinyan Tracy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPPy is a conducting polymer material that has been widely investigated for biomedical applications. hESCs and adult rNSCs were grown on four PPy surfaces doped with PSS or peptide from laminin (p20, p31, and a mixture of p20 and p31) respectively. After 7 d, both PPy/p20 and PPy/p31 promoted neuroectoderm formation from hESCs. After 14 d of culture, surfaces containing p20 showed the highest percentage of neuronal differentiation from hESC, while the PPy/p31 surface showed better cell attachment and spreading. In rNSCs cultures, a higher percentage of neurons were found on the PPy/p20 surface than other surfaces at 7 and 14 d. For differentiated neurons, p20 promoted both the primary and total neurite outgrowth. Longer primary neurites were found on p20‐containing surfaces and a longer total neurite length was found on PPy/p20 surface. These results demonstrated that, by doping PPy with different bioactive peptides, differentiation of stem cells seeded at different stages of development is affected.
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