bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment as compared with Alzheimer's disease and healthy older adults
Authors: Van der Mussele Stefan , Le Bastard Nathalie , Vermeiren Yannick , Saerens Jos , Somers Nore , Mariën Peter , Goeman Johan , De Deyn Peter P. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept that categorizes subjects who are in an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. The aim of this study is to characterize behavior in MCI compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy older patients.DesignA cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms of dementia and MCI was performed. The study population consisted of 270 MCI, 402 AD patients, and 108 healthy controls. Behavioral assessment was performed by means of Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale, Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia.ResultsModerate‐to‐severe behavioral symptoms were present in 13% of MCI patients, as compared with 39% in AD patients and 3% in controls (p < 0.001). The general severity of behavioral symptoms was intermediate between controls and AD patients.The three most frequent symptoms in MCI patients were aggressiveness (49%), affective disturbance (45%), and anxiety (38%); in AD patients, the most frequent symptoms were aggressiveness (60%), activity disturbances (54%), and psychosis (40%).The prevalence and severity of frontal lobe symptoms, aggressiveness, activity disturbances, and delusions was intermediate between normal aging and AD. In addition, the severity of physically non‐aggressive and verbally agitated behavior and the severity of depressive symptoms were also intermediate.ConclusionsThe behavioral profile of MCI patients is characterized as an intermediate state between normal aging and AD for the prevalence and severity of certain behavioral symptoms. Follow‐up is ongoing to test the hypothesis that behavioral disturbances in MCI predict progression to dementia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Productivity enhancement of S‐adenosylmethionine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using n‐hexadecane as oxygen vector
Authors: Li Minghua , Meng Xiumei , Diao Enjie , Du Fangling , Zhao Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the main microorganisms that can produce S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) from L‐methionine and ATP with high productivity. To satisfy the ATP requirement for SAM synthesis, sufficient oxygen should be supplied to the medium to improve aerobic metabolism in S. cerevisiae. In this study, n‐hexadecane used as oxygen vector for enhancement of SAM production by this yeast was investigated.RESULTS: N‐hexadecane was most favorable for cell growth and SAM synthesis in S. cerevisiae when added at the time of inoculation. It could increase glucose consumption, reduce ethanol accumulation, and ultimately improve biomass and SAM productivity in a fermentation process. In a bioreactor, the highest yield of SAM (2.27 g L−1) was achieved in the presence of 4% (v/v) n‐hexadecane after 24 h of inoculation, which was 23.37% higher than the control (1.84 g L−1).CONCLUSION: The addition of n‐hexadecane to cultures of S. cerevisiae significantly enhanced SAM production without increasing energy consumption, and has the potential for use in large‐scale fermentation processes to increase oxygen supply. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Ethanol and chitosan production from wheat hydrolysate by Mucor hiemalis
Authors: Heidary Vinche Masoumeh , Asachi Riehaneh , Zamani Akram , Karimi Keikhosro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: High glucose and ethanol tolerance is among the most important requirements of ethanol‐producing microorganisms. The purpose of this study was evaluation of filamentous fungus Mucor hiemalis for ethanol production from wheat and starch hydrolysates with high glucose concentration.RESULTS: The results showed high tolerance of the fungus in fermentation of the hydrolyzates with high glucose concentrations (as high as 190 g L−1). Interestingly, increasing the glucose concentration from 15 to 190 g L−1 was accompanied by enhancement of initial sugar uptake rate. Ethanol was the most important metabolite obtained during all fermentations and its concentration reached over 50 g L−1. Beside ethanol, chitosan was another valuable product of the process. Glucosamine, a precursor of chitosan, made up 37.3–46.7% of the cell wall of this fungus.CONCLUSIONS: M. hiemalis is a promising microorganism for simultaneous production of ethanol and chitosan from substrates with high sugar concentrations. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The controversial origin of the abdominal appendage‐like processes in immature insects: Are they true segmental appendages or secondary outgrowths? (Arthropoda hexapoda)
Authors: Bitsch Jacques 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, I review the major characteristics of different types of appendage‐like processes that develop at the abdominal segments of many immature insects, and I discuss their controversial morphological value. The main question is whether the abdominal processes are derived from segmental appendages serially homologous to thoracic legs, or whether they are “secondary” outgrowths not homologous with true appendages. Morphological and embryological data, in particular, a comparison with the structure and development of the abdominal appendages in primitive apterygote hexapods, and data from developmental genetics, support the hypothesis of appendicular origin of many of the abdominal processes present in the juvenile stages of various pterygote orders. For example, the lateral processes, such as the tracheal gills in aquatic nymphs of exopterygote insects, are regarded as derived from lateral portions of appendage primordia, homologous with the abdominal styli of apterygotan insects; these processes correspond either to rudimentary telopodites or to coxal exites. The ventrolateral processes, such as the prolegs of different endopterygote insect larvae, appear to be derived from medial portions of the appendicular primordia; they correspond to coxal endites. These views lead to the rejection of Hinton's hypothesis (Hinton [1955] Trans R Entomol Soc Lond 106:455–545) according to which all the abdominal processes of insect larvae are secondary outgrowths not derived from true appendage anlagen. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kauri seeds and larval somersaults: The larval trunk of the seed mining basal moth Agathiphaga vitensis (lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae)
Authors: Dupont Steen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe trunk morphology of the larvae of the kauri pine (Agathis) seed infesting moth Agathiphaga is described using conventional, polarization, and scanning electron microscopy. The pine seed chamber formed by the larva is also described and commented on. The simple larval chaetotaxy includes more of the minute posture sensing setae, proprioceptors, than expected from the lepidopteran larval ground plan. The excess of proprioceptors is suggested to be necessary for sensory input concerning the larval posture within the seed chamber. The trunk musculature includes an autapomorphic radial ventral musculature made up of unique multisegmental muscles. The combined presence of additional proprioceptors and the unique ventral musculature is proposed to be related to the larval movement within the confined space of the seed chamber, especially to a proposed somersault movement that allows the larva to orientate itself within the chamber. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional outcomes and gait analysis of patients after periacetabular sarcoma resection with and without ischiofemoral arthrodesis
Authors: Carmody Soni Emily E. , Miller Benjamin J. , Scarborough Mark T. , Parker Gibbs C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of periacetabular sarcomas remains a difficult challenge. Many reconstruction options are fraught with high complication and failure rates. Little is known about patients' functional outcomes, and there have been no studies that examine how these reconstructions affect patients' gait parameters. The purpose of this study is to evaluate gait parameters and functional outcome in patients whom have undergone periacetabular resections with either an ischiofemoral pseudoarthrodesis or soft tissue reconstruction only.MethodsTen patients with sarcoma of the periacetabular region were identified from our database. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scores (MSTS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) scoring systems. Gait analysis was performed on all subjects.ResultsPatients in both surgical groups had average functional scores. All patients were ambulatory. Cadence and velocity in the surgical group were significantly slower than the control group, however, the remainder of the gait parameters examined were similar to controls.ConclusionPatients who underwent minimal reconstruction following periacetabular resections demonstrated average functional scores, comparable to those undergoing more extensive reconstructions. With the exception of speed, gait parameters were not significantly different than controls. Complication rates were low. Pseudoarthrodesis or even no bone reconstruction following periacetabular resection is reasonable and functional options for many of these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:844–849. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear liquid sloshing in a square tank subjected to obliquely horizontal excitation
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Ibrahim Raouf A. , Harata Yuji , Kuriyama Tasuku 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNonlinear responses of surface waves in rigid square and nearly square tanks partially filled with liquid subjected to obliquely horizontal, sinusoidal excitation are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two predominant modes of sloshing are significantly coupled nonlinearly because their natural frequencies are nearly identical resulting in 1:1 internal resonance. Therefore, if only one of these modes is directly excited, the other mode is indirectly excited due to the nonlinear coupling. In the nonlinear theoretical analysis, the modal equations of motion are derived for the two predominant sloshing modes as well as five higher sloshing modes. The linear viscous terms are incorporated in order to consider the damping effect of sloshing. The expressions for the frequency response curves are determined using van der Pol’s method. The influences of the excitation direction and the aspect ratio of the tank cross-section on the frequency response curves are numerically examined. Planar and swirl motions of sloshing, and Hopf bifurcations followed by amplitude modulated motions including chaotic motions, are predicted when the excitation frequency is close to one of the natural frequencies of the two predominant sloshing modes. Lyapunov exponents are calculated and reveal the excitation frequency range over which liquid chaotic motions occur. In addition, bifurcation sets are shown to clarify the influences of the parameters on the change in the structural stability. The theoretically predicted results are in good agreement with the measured data, thus the theoretical analysis was experimentally validated.
Two-dimensional modal method for shallow-water sloshing in rectangular basins
Authors: Antuono M. , Bouscasse B. , Colagrossi A. , Lugni C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA two-dimensional model for the analysis of sloshing phenomena in shallow-water conditions has been defined using Boussinesq-type depth-averaged equations. Thanks to a modal decomposition of the spatial field, the present model allows a straightforward and simple treatment of the exciting forces and can describe a generic motion. Comparisons with the experimental data available in the literature and with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme proved the proposed shallow-water model to be accurate, fast and robust.
Evolution of fluid-like granular ejecta generated by sphere impact
Authors: Marston J. O. , Li E. Q. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present results from an experimental study of the speed and shape of the ejecta formed when a solid sphere impacts onto a granular bed. We use high-speed imaging at frame rates up to 100 000 f.p.s. to provide direct measurement of individual grain velocities and ejecta angles as well as the overall evolution of the granular ejecta. For larger grain sizes, the emergence velocities of the grains during the ‘early stage flow’, i.e. before the main ejecta ‘curtain’ forms, increase with the kinetic energy of the impacting sphere but are inversely proportional to the time from impact. We also observe that the fastest grains, which can obtain velocities up to five times that of the impacting sphere (${V}_{g} / {V}_{0} = 5$), generally emerge at the earliest times and with the lowest ejection angles. As the grain size is decreased, a more ‘fluid-like’ behaviour is observed whereby the ejected material first emerges as a thin sheet of grains between the sphere and the bed surface, which is also seen when a sphere impacts a liquid pool. In this case, the sheet velocity is approximately double that of the impacting sphere (${V}_{s} / {V}_{0} = 2$) and independent of the bulk packing fraction. For the finest grains we provide evidence of the existence of a vortex ring inside the ejecta curtain where grains following the air flow are entrained through the curtain. In contrast to predictions from previous studies, we find that the temporal evolution of the ejecta neck radius is not initially quadratic but rather approaches a square-root dependence on time, for the finest grains with the highest impact kinetic energy. The evolution therefore approaches that seen for the crown evolution in liquid drop impacts. By using both spherical glass beads and coarse sands, we show that the size and shape distribution are critical in determining the post-impact dynamics whereby the sands exhibit a qualitatively different response to impact, with grains ejected at lower speeds and at later times than for the glass beads.
SPIRITS, POWER AND THE POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN LATE-COLONIAL GABON
Authors: Cinnamon John M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThrough narratives of an anti-‘fetish’ movement that swept through north-eastern Gabon in the mid-1950s, the present article traces the contours of converging political and religious imaginations in that country in the years preceding independence. Fang speakers in the region make explicit connections between the arrival of post-Second World War electoral politics, the anti-fetish movements, and perceptions of political weakening and marginalization of their region on the eve of independence. Rival politicians and the colonial administration played key roles in the movement, which brought in a Congolese ritual expert, Emane Boncoeur, and his two powerful spirits, Mademoiselle and Mimbare. These spirits, later recuperated in a wide range of healing practices, continue to operate today throughout northern Gabon and Rio Muni. In local imaginaries, these spirits played central roles in the birth of both regional and national politics, paradoxically strengthening the colonial administration and Gabonese auxiliaries in an era of pre-independence liberalization. Thus, regional political events in the 1950s rehearsed later configurations of power, including presidential politics, on the national stage.
SELF-RELIANCE AND THE STATE: THE MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY POST-COLONIAL TANZANIA
Authors: Lal Priya 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article uses a key principle of the Tanzanianujamaaproject – self-reliance – as an analytical lever to open up the historical landscape of development politics in that national context during the 1960s and early 1970s. Throughout this period Tanzanians understood and experienced self-reliance in a variety of ways: as a mandated developmental strategy or a collective developmental aspiration, a condition of dignity or privation, a hallmark of national citizenship or a reflection of local survivalism, a matter of luxury or necessity. I trace these multiple meanings through three distinct but overlapping fields of inquiry: first, by cataloguing the plural ideological registers indexed by self-reliance within official development discoursevis-à-visdomestic and international politics; second, by illuminating a diverse range of rural elders' accounts ofujamaavillagization and self-reliance policy in the south-eastern region of Mtwara; and third, by examining the ambivalent position of self-reliance within public debates about regional development in relation to the national scale. In doing so, I expose the dialectical friction between competing constructions of citizenship and development at the heart ofujamaa, and suggest new avenues forward for conceptualizing the afterlives of ‘self-reliance’ and the changing meaning of development in contemporary Tanzania and beyond.
Length of stay in surgical patients: nutritional predictive parameters revisited
Authors: Almeida Ana Isabel , Correia Marta , Camilo Maria , Ravasco Paula 
Published: May 2012

Nutritional evaluation may predict clinical outcomes, such as hospital length of stay (LOS). We aimed to assess the value of nutritional risk and status methods, and to test standard anthropometry percentilesv.the 50th percentile threshold in predicting LOS, and to determine nutritional status changes during hospitalisation and their relation with LOS. In this longitudinal prospective study, 298 surgical patients were evaluated at admission and discharge. At admission, nutritional risk was assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and nutritional status by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), involuntary % weight loss in the previous 6 months and anthropometric parameters; % weight loss and anthropometry were reassessed at discharge. At admission, risk/undernutrition results by NRS-2002 (P< 0·001), MUST (P< 0·001), % weight loss (P< 0·001) and SGA (P< 0·001) were predictive of longer LOS. A mid-arm circumference (MAC) or a mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMA) under the 15th and the 50th percentile, which was considered indicative of undernutrition, did predict longer LOS (P< 0·001); conversely, there was no association between depleted triceps skinfold (TSF) and longer LOS. In-hospital, there was a high prevalence of weight, muscle and fat losses, associated with longer LOS. At discharge, patients with a simultaneous negative variation in TSF+MAC+MAMA (n158, 53 %) had longer LOS than patients with a TSF+MAC+MAMA positive variation (11 (8–15)v.8 (7–12) d,P< 0·001). We concluded that at risk or undernutrition evaluated by all methods, except TSF and BMI, predicted a longer LOS. Moreover, MAC and MAMA measurements and their classification according to the 50th percentile threshold seem reliable undernutrition indicators.
Variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Puerto Rican adults
Authors: Ye Xingwang , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Tucker Katherine L. 
Published: May 2012

Higher variety in fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases. It remains unclear whether such associations exist relating to cognition. The authors examined associations between total quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in a cross-sectional sample of 1412 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, 2004–9. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed with a FFQ. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of seven tests; the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administrated to assess global cognitive function. Greater variety, but not total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher MMSE score after multivariate adjustment (P for trend = 0·012). This association remained significant after further adjusting for total quantity of fruit and vegetable intake (P for trend = 0·018). High variety of fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with individual cognitive domains, including executive function, memory and attention (all P for trend < 0·05). Variety, more than total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake may offer cognitive protection in middle-aged and older adults, but longitudinal studies are needed to clarify direction of causality.
Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Nurk Eha , Refsum Helga , Bjelland Ingvar , Drevon Christian A. , Tell Grethe S. , Ueland Per M. , Vollset Stein E. , Engedal Knut , Nygaard Harald A. , Smith David A. 
Published: May 2012

Choline and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. Choline is essential for neurodevelopment and brain function. We studied the associations between cognitive function and plasma concentrations of free choline and betaine. In a cross-sectional study, 2195 subjects (55 % women), aged 70–74 years, underwent extensive cognitive testing including the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Trail Making Test (part A, TMT-A), modified versions of the Digit Symbol Test (m-DST), Block Design (m-BD), Mini-Mental State Examination (m-MMSE) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Compared with low concentrations, high choline (>8·4 μmol/l) was associated with better test scores in the TMT-A (56·0v. 61·5,P= 0·004), m-DST (10·5v. 9·8,P= 0·005) and m-MMSE (11·5v. 11·4,P= 0·01). A generalised additive regression model showed a positive dose–response relationship between the m-MMSE and choline (P= 0·012 from a corresponding linear regression model). Betaine was associated with the KOLT, TMT-A and COWAT, but after adjustments for potential confounders, the associations lost significance. Risk ratios (RR) for poor test performance roughly tripled when low choline was combined with either low plasma vitamin B12( ≤ 257 pmol/l) concentrations (RRKOLT= 2·6, 95 % CI 1·1, 6·1; RRm-MMSE= 2·7, 95 % CI 1·1, 6·6; RRCOWAT= 3·1, 95 % CI 1·4, 7·2) or high methylmalonic acid (MMA) ( ≥ 3·95 μmol/l) concentrations (RRm-BD= 2·8, 95 % CI 1·3, 6·1). Low betaine ( ≤ 31·1 μmol/l) combined with high MMA was associated with elevated RR on KOLT (RRKOLT= 2·5, 95 % CI 1·0, 6·2). Low plasma free choline concentrations are associated with poor cognitive performance. There were significant interactions between low choline or betaine and low vitamin B12or high MMA on cognitive performance.