bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musulmans de France, l'histoire sous le tapis
Authors: Dakhlia Jocelyne 
Published: August 2009

Résumé À l’heure où l’on s’interroge sur l’« intégration » des Musulmans, on se surprend à devoir rappeler que la France et l’Islam entretiennent, depuis l’époque moderne sinon le Moyen Âge, d’étroites relations, faites de conflits autant que de fusions. L’« intégration » n’a pas de sens, les Musulmans sont déjà là. Si nous ne le voyons pas, c’est parce que l’Islam a constitué longtemps un « impensé » de la politique officielle française (et des militants anticolonialistes français) : l’Islam, c’était l’autre rive de la Méditerranée, les immigrés Ouest-africains et Maghrébins sur le territoire métropolitain n’étant jamais perçus comme des Musulmans.
L'intermittent et l'immuable
Authors: Marange Valérie 
Published: August 2009

Résumé La subjectivation néolibérale, travailliste et conservatrice, qui promeut le risque et le « courage d’entreprendre », produit partout le sentiment d’insécurité et d’abandon, favorise toutes sortes de replis chez ceux qui ne bénéficient pas de protection au préalable. On trouve dans les cours que M. Foucault a consacrés au néolibéralisme une articulation de la sécurité matérielle et de l’autonomie éthique, des pistes pour de nouveaux rapports aux institutions sanitaires et sociales qui trouvent aujourd’hui des échos dans le conflit des intermittents.
Danses de Birgit Jürgenssen
Authors: Futscher Edith 
Published: August 2009

Résumé L’article analyse la série photographique Danse macabre avec jeune fille de Birgit Jürgenssen selon deux axes : le concept de masque et l’enchevêtrement de deux thèmes iconographiques. En s’inscrivant dans un espace archaïsant, où apparaissent des éléments burlesques, les photographies de Jürgenssen des années 1979 et 1980 sont, comme chez Bakhtine, un éclat de rire contre la culture dominante.
Des babils et de la langue chez les parias des cités
Authors: Hatzfeld Marc 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Dans et contre un français reconnu comme langue unique et obligatoire sous peine de sanctions, les échappées prolifèrent dans les cités, sous les formes les plus variées (« fautes », « vulgarité », vannes, joutes, slam). C’est une chance : une langue trop réglée interdit le malentendu et l’étrangeté, elle appauvrit les relations.
Disruption of TGF-β Signaling Prevents the Generation of Tumor-Sensitized Regulatory T Cells and Facilitates Therapeutic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Petrausch Ulf , Jensen Shawn M. , Twitty Christopher , Poehlein Christian H. , Haley Daniel P. , Walker Edwin B. , Fox Bernard A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a major roadblock to the induction of antitumor immunity through vaccine approaches. TGF-β is a cytokine implicated in the generation and maintenance of Treg cells, as well as in their suppressive function. These experiments examined whether the generation of tumor-sensitized Treg cells was TGF-β dependent and evaluated whether TGF-β produced by Treg cells blocked the priming of tumor-specific T cells in vaccinated reconstituted lymphopenic mice. We show that tumor-sensitized Treg cells (CD25+/FoxP3+) obtained from tumor-bearing mice block the generation of tumor-specific T cells in reconstituted lymphopenic mice. Strikingly, this suppression is absent if tumor-sensitized Treg cells are acquired from tumor-bearing mice expressing the dominant-negative TGFβRII in T cells. This loss of suppression was a result of the crucial role of TGF-β in generating tumor-sensitized Treg cells, and not due to the insensitivity of naive or tumor-primed effector T cells to the direct suppressive influence of TGF-β. We conclude that blocking TGF-β in a tumor-bearing host can inhibit the induction of highly suppressive tumor-sensitized Treg cells. These data suggest that an integrative strategy combining “up-front” Treg cell ablation followed by vaccination and TGF-β blockade may limit generation of new tumor-sensitized Treg cells and improve the generation of therapeutic immune responses in patients with cancer.
Selectively Reduced Intracellular Proliferation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium within APCs Limits Antigen Presentation and Development of a Rapid CD8 T Cell Response
Authors: Albaghdadi Homam , Robinson Nirmal , Finlay Brett , Krishnan Lakshmi , Sad Subash 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Ag presentation to CD8+ T cells commences immediately after infection, which facilitates their rapid expansion and control of pathogen. This paradigm is not followed during infection with virulent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST), an intracellular bacterium that causes mortality in susceptible C57BL/6J mice within 7 days and a chronic infection in resistant mice (129 × 1SvJ). Infection of mice with OVA-expressing ST results in the development of a CD8+ T cell response that is detectable only after the second week of infection despite the early detectable bacterial burden. The mechanism behind the delayed CD8+ T cell activation was evaluated, and it was found that dendritic cells/macrophages or mice infected with ST-OVA failed to present Ag to OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. Lack of early Ag presentation was not rescued when mice or dendritic cells/macrophages were infected with an attenuated aroA mutant of ST or with mutants having defective Salmonella pathogenicity island I/II genes. Although extracellular ST proliferated extensively, the replication of ST was highly muted once inside macrophages. This muted intracellular proliferation of ST resulted in the generation of poor levels of intracellular Ag and peptide-MHC complex on the surface of dendritic cells. Additional experiments revealed that ST did not actively inhibit Ag presentation, rather it inhibited the uptake of another intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, thereby causing inhibition of Ag presentation against L. monocytogenes. Taken together, this study reveals a dichotomy in the proliferation of ST and indicates that selectively reduced intracellular proliferation of virulent pathogens may be an important mechanism of immune evasion.
The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Agonist FTY720 Potently Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wolf Anna Maria , Eller Kathrin , Zeiser Robert , Dürr Christoph , Gerlach Ulrike V. , Sixt Michael , Markut Lydia , Gastl Guenther , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Wolf Dominik 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) entry into secondary lymphoid organs and local expansion is critical for their immunosuppressive function. Long-term application of the sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 exerts pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects, whereas short-term FTY720 boosts antiviral immunity. In this study, we provide evidence that FTY720 potently inhibits Treg proliferation in vitro and in vivo without affecting their viability, phenotype, or in vitro immunosuppression. In contrast, adoptively transferred Treg exposed ex vivo to FTY720 lost their protective effects in murine models of acute glomerulonephritis and acute graft-vs-host disease. On a cellular level, FTY720 inhibits IL-2-induced STAT-5 phosphorylation, paralleled by a loss of FoxP3 expression during Treg expansion in vitro. Notably, loss of in vivo immunosuppression is not due to impaired migration to or localization within secondary lymphoid organs. We could even show a selective trapping of adoptively transferred Treg in inflammatory lymph nodes by FTY720. Finally, Treg isolated from animals systemically exposed to FTY720 also exhibit a significantly impaired proliferative response upon restimulation when compared with Treg isolated from solvent-treated animals. In summary, our data suggest that sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor-mediated signals induced by FTY720 abrogate their in vivo immunosuppressive potential by blocking IL-2 induced expansion, which is indispensable for their in vivo immunosuppressive activity.
CD4-CD8 Lineage Differentiation: Thpok-ing into the Nucleus
Authors: Wang Lie , Bosselut Rémy 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The mature αβ T cell population is divided into two main lineages that are defined by the mutually exclusive expression of CD4 and CD8 surface molecules (coreceptors) and that differ in their MHC restriction and function. CD4 T cells are typically MHC-II restricted and helper (or regulatory), whereas CD8 T cells are typically cytotoxic. Several transcription factors are known to control the emergence of CD4 and CD8 lineages, including the zinc finger proteins Thpok and Gata3, which are required for CD4 lineage differentiation, and the Runx factors Runx1 and Runx3, which contribute to CD8 lineage differentiation. This review summarizes recent advances on the function of these transcription factors in lineage differentiation. We also discuss how the “circuitry” connecting these factors could operate to match the expression of the lineage-committing factors Thpok and Runx3, and therefore lineage differentiation, to MHC specificity.
Photophysics and Photocurrent Generation in Polythiophene/Polyfluorene Copolymer Blends
Authors: McNeill Christopher R. , Abrusci Agnese , Hwang Inchan , Ruderer Matthias A. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHere, studies on the evolution of photophysics and device performance with annealing of blends of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) with the two polyfluorene copolymers poly((9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐2,7‐diyl‐alt‐[4,7‐bis(3‐hexylthien‐5‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole]‐2′,2′′‐diyl) (F8TBT) and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) are reported. In blends with F8TBT, P3HT is found to reorganize at low annealing temperatures (100 °C or below), evidenced by a redshift of both absorption and photoluminescence (PL), and by a decrease in PL lifetime. Annealing to 140 °C, however, is found to optimize device performance, accompanied by an increase in PL efficiency and lifetime. Grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering is also performed to study the evolution in film nanomorphology with annealing, with the 140 °C‐annealed film showing enhanced phase separation. It is concluded that reorganization of P3HT alone is not sufficient to optimize device performance but must also be accompanied by a coarsening of the morphology to promote charge separation. The shape of the photocurrent action spectra of P3HT:F8TBT devices is also studied, aided by optical modeling of the absorption spectrum of the blend in a device structure. Changes in the shape of the photocurrent action spectra with annealing are observed, and these are attributed to changes in the relative contribution of each polymer to photocurrent as morphology and polymer conformation evolve. In particular, in as‐spun films from xylene, photocurrent is preferentially generated from ordered P3HT segments attributed to the increased charge separation efficiency in ordered P3HT compared to disordered P3HT. For optimized devices, photocurrent is efficiently generated from both P3HT and F8TBT. In contrast to blends with F8TBT, P3HT is only found to reorganize in blends with F8BT at annealing temperatures of over 200 °C. The low efficiency of the P3HT:F8BT system can then be attributed to poor charge generation and separation efficiencies that result from the failure of P3HT to reorganize.
Hollow polylactide microcapsules with controlled morphology and thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Sawalha Hassan , Schroën Karin , Boom Remko 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHollow polylactide microcapsules were prepared by multistage premix membrane emulsification of polylactide/dichloromethane/oil solutions in water (nonsolvent). The effects of the different oils on the morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the hollow microcapsules were investigated. All oils resulted in hollow microcapsules with controlled shell thickness of ∼60 nm except for eugenol, in which irregular, massive capsules were obtained. The properties of the microcapsules were strongly dependent on the oil used, for example the thermal transition temperatures found for hollow capsules were lower than for solid particles prepared without any oil. The crystallinity and transition temperatures of the capsules prepared with linear alkanes were higher than for cyclic alkanes; terpenes gave the lowest transition temperatures. The shell stiffness, measured with atomic force microscopy, was highly dependent on the oil used. Capsules prepared with dodecane showed higher stiffness (3.3 N m−1) than with limonene (2 N m−1) or cyclohexane (1.4 N m−1). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A new nano‐(2Li2O/MgO) catalyst/porous alpha‐alumina composite for the oxidative coupling of methane reaction
Authors: Fallah Behrooz , Falamaki Cavus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present work discloses a new methodology for the production of detached nanorods of 2Li2O/MgO catalyst particles on the internal surface of α‐Al2O3 porous supports to be used as efficient catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane reaction (OCM). The peculiarity of our preparatory recipe is the success in producing “detached” nanosized entities on the support surface. The performance of the new catalyst/support system for the OCM reaction has been evaluated using a special reactor assembly with cross flow of methane and oxygen gas streams. Under the optimum process conditions, the yield of C product is 25% at an average reaction temperature of 750°C. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of ethylene reaches 8%. It is shown that the enhanced catalytic properties of the new catalyst/support composite may be attributed to nanoeffects. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A novel missense mutation causing abnormal LMAN1 in a Japanese patient with combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Fujimori Yuta , Suzuki Atsuo , Miyawaki Yuhri , Takagi Akira , Murate Takashi , Sano Masayuki , Matsushita Tadashi , Saito Hidehiko , Kojima Tetsuhito 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCombined deficiency of coagulation factor V (FV) and factor VIII (FVIII) (F5F8D) is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a reduction in plasma concentrations of FV and FVIII. F5F8D is genetically linked to mutations in either LMAN1 or MCFD2. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of F5F8D in a Japanese patient, and identified a novel missense mutation (p.Trp67Ser, c.200G>C) in the LMAN1, but no mutation in the MCFD2. The amount of LMAN1 in Epstein‐Barr virus‐immortalized lymphoblasts from the patient was found to be almost the same as that in cells from a normal individual. Interestingly, an anti‐MCFD2 antibody did not co‐immunoprecipitate the mutant LMAN1 with MCFD2 in lymphoblasts from the patient, suggesting the affinity of MCFD2 for the mutant LMAN1 is weak or abolished by the binding of the anti‐MCFD2 antibody. In addition, a Myc/6×His‐tagged recombinant form of wild‐type LMAN1 could bind to D‐mannose, but that of the mutant could not. The p.Trp67Ser mutation was located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which is thought to participate in the selective binding of LMAN1 to the D‐mannose of glycoproteins as well as the EF‐motif of MCFD2. Taken together, it was suggested that the p.Trp67Ser mutation might affect the molecular chaperone function of LMAN1, impairing affinity for D‐mannose as well as for MCFD2, which may be responsible for F5F8D in the patient. This is the first report of F5F8D caused by a qualitative defect of LMAN1 due to a missense mutation in LMAN1. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex‐specific association of the reelin gene with bipolar disorder
Authors: Goes F.S. , Willour V.L. , Zandi P.P. , Belmonte P.L. , MacKinnon D.F. , Mondimore F.M. , Schweizer B. ,   National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Consortium, DePaulo J.R. , Gershon E.S. , McMahon F.J. , Potash J.B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Reelin gene (RELN) encodes a secretory glycoprotein critical for brain development and synaptic plasticity. Post‐mortem studies have shown lower Reelin protein levels in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BP) compared with controls. In a recent genome‐wide association study of schizophrenia, the strongest association was found in a marker within RELN, although this association was seen only in women. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variation in RELN is associated with BP in a large family sample. We genotyped 75 tagSNPs and 6 coding SNPs in 1,188 individuals from 318 nuclear families, including 554 affected offspring. Quality control measures, transmission‐disequilibrium tests (TDTs), and empirical simulations were performed in PLINK. We found a significant overtransmission of the C allele of rs362719 to BP offspring (OR = 1.47, P = 5.9 × 10−4); this withstood empirical correction for testing of multiple markers (empirical P = 0.048). In a hypothesis‐driven secondary analysis, we found that the association with rs362719 was almost entirely accounted for by overtransmission of the putative risk allele to affected females (ORFemale = 1.79, P = 8.9 × 10−5 vs. ORMale = 1.12, P = 0.63). These results provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in RELN is associated with susceptibility to BP and, in particular, to BP in females. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution until further replication and functional assays provide convergent support. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographic distribution and demography ofPithecia aequatorialis(pitheciidae) in Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: Aquino Rolando , Cornejo Fanny M. , Pezo Lozano Etersit , Heymann Eckhard W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo study the geographic distribution and demographic characteristics ofPithecia aequatorialisin Peruvian Amazonia, we undertook surveys and transect census in three river basins (Río Itaya, Río Tigre and Río Curaray) between 2004 and 2008. A total of 123 groups ofP. aequatorialiswas encountered during 1623 km of transect walks. Group size was uniform among the three areas (3.4–3.6 individuals), but surprisingly, population densities were higher in the area with strong hunting pressure (Río Itaya: 7.8 ind./km2, vs. 5.6 and 5.9 km2in the Río Tigre and Río Curaray basins, respectively). The most common group composition included an adult pair with one offspring. Groups with more than one adult male and/or female accounted for 35% of sightings. Our observations extendP. aequatorialisrange in Peru further south to the area between the Río Tigre and Río Corrientes, but exclude the area to the north between the Río Curaray and Río Napo. These findings are in contrast to previous distribution maps.P. aequatorialiswas rarely seen in interspecific association during our censuses. Am. J. Primatol. 71:964–968, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metall‐organische Gerüste für die Katalyse
Authors: Farrusseng David , Aguado Sonia , Pinel Catherine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie Vorzüge und Einschränkungen von Metall‐organischen Gerüsten (MOFs) auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse und der “grünen Chemie” bilden das Thema dieses Kurzaufsatzes. Struktur und Dynamik der MOFs werden im Zusammenhang katalytischer Funktionen betrachtet, und es wird diskutiert, wie durch das Design solcher Materialien die Lücke zwischen Zeolithen und Enzymen zu schließen ist. Arbeiten über MOFs auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse werden umfassend dargestellt, und als Ergänzung wurde eine Liste mit potenziell katalytisch aktiven MOFs zusammengetragen. Das Thema wird von einem multidisziplinären Standpunkt aus betrachtet, der die Festkörperchemie, die Materialwissenschaften und die Katalyse umfasst.
Luminescent organo‐polysiloxanes containing complexed lanthanide ions
Authors: Liu Lei , Lu Haifeng , Wang Hua , Bei Yiling , Feng Shengyu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, a type of polysiloxane with the ester as the functional side group was prepared via a hydrosilylation reaction. The functionalized polysiloxane was then allowed to complex with Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions. Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet absorption spectra and 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and 29Si‐NMR spectra were used to confirm the modification. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravity analysis were used to study the polysiloxane's thermal properties. The complexes' luminescence spectra were recorded, and narrow‐width green and red emissions were achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structural characterization, biological activity and thermal study of tri‐ and diorganotin(IV) complexes of Schiff base derived from 2‐aminomethylbenzimidazole
Authors: Nath Mala , Saini Pramendra Kumar , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis report deals with the synthesis and structural features of tri‐ and diorganotin(IV) complexes of the general formulae, RnSn(L)m [n = 3, m = 1, R = Me, n‐Bu and Ph; n = 2, m = 2, R = Me, n‐Bu, n‐Oct and Ph; HL = Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2‐aminomethylbenzimidazole (ambmz) and salicylaldehyde (abbreviated as HL or Hsal‐ambmz)]. The newly synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic, infrared, far‐infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119Sn NMR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectral studies. Thermal studies of all of the synthesized complexes were also carried out using thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis‐derivative thermogravimetric (TG‐DTA‐DTG) techniques. The residues thus obtained were characterized by infrared and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. The bioassay results of anti‐inflammatory activity (using the carrageenan‐induced paw edema bioassay in rats) and acute toxicity (LD50) of the synthesized derivatives indicated that diorganotin(IV) derivatives (19.75–22.23% inhibition) show better activity as compared with triorganotin(IV) derivatives (10.32–17.86% inhibition). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equilibrium of benzidine inclusion adsorption on cyclodextrin copolymer
Authors: Sun Zhao‐Yang , Cao Gui‐Ping , Lv Hui , Zhao Ling , Liu Tao , Montastruc Ludovic , Iordan Nikov 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInsoluble β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) copolymer was prepared by reacting β‐CD with hexamethylene diisocyanate, and its inclusion adsorption behavior was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of CD copolymer were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, and BET N2 adsorption. The effects that shaking time and temperature exerted on the inclusion adsorption of benzidine on CD copolymer have been studied at relative low initial benzidine concentration. The procedure of the inclusion adsorption could be described by the Freundlich equation, and the thermodynamic constants ΔHθ, ΔSθ and ΔGθ were obtained simultaneously. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Miniemulsions using static mixers: A feasibility study using simple in‐line static mixers
Authors: Farzi Gholamali , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe feasibility of using simple static mixers (SM) to produce polymerisable miniemulsion dispersions, and the influence of the emulsification conditions on the diameter of the resulting methylmethacrylate droplets were examined. It was shown that these simple mixers could be used to generate droplets with diameters on the order of 150–300 nm, and that these droplets could be successfully polymerised. As expected, increasing the flow rate through the mixers led to a decrease in the average droplet size. Doubling the number of mixers in series did not have a significant influence on the droplet size but did decrease the time needed to achieve a steady final value of the average diameter. On the contrary, changing the surfactant concentration had an observable effect on the droplet sizes obtained, with higher surfactant concentrations yielding smaller droplets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009