bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Buitrago-Restrepo Carlos Mario , Patiño-Villada Fredy Alonso , Arango-Paternina Carlos Mario 
Published: May 2024

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic exercise on physical performance in older adults. Databases were searched up to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials were screened by two reviewers, who extracted data and assessed study quality. Ten randomized controlled trials (603 participants) were included. Compared with nonexercising controls, aquatic exercise probably improved lower limb muscle power (30-s Chair Stand Test; mean difference 4.75 repetitions; 95% confidence interval [0.07, 9.42]; I2 = 99%; 251 participants; very low-quality evidence). When comparing aquatic exercise with land exercise, there is probably no superiority in favor of either intervention on dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go Test; mean difference −0.12 s; 95% confidence interval [−0.37, 0.12]; I2 = 3%; 244 participants; very low-quality evidence).
Long-acting cabotegravir pharmacokinetics with and without oral lead-in for HIV PrEP
Authors: Han Kelong , Patel Parul , McCallister Scott , Rinehart Alex R. , Gandhi Yash , Spreen William , Landovitz Raphael J. , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Marzinke Mark A. , McKeon Todd , Budnik Piotr , van Wyk Jean , Ford Susan L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Long-acting cabotegravir is approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis and combination HIV treatment, both initiated with optional short-term oral lead-in (OLI). We evaluated the impact of OLI on long-acting cabotegravir pharmacokinetics. Cabotegravir plasma concentrations were compared between HIV-positive participants initiating injections with (
n
= 278) or without (
n
= 110) OLI in phase III treatment study FLAIR and in HIV-negative participants using OLI (
n
= 263) in pivotal pre-exposure prophylaxis studies HPTN 083 and HPTN 084. Cabotegravir pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated in three populations (assigned-male-at-birth, 50%-assigned-female-at-birth, and assigned-female-at-birth) under three scenarios: first injection given (A) 1 or (B) 3 days after final OLI dose (OLI-injection gap) or (C) without OLI. The PK objective was 80% of participants achieving 4×
in vitro
protein-adjusted 90% maximal inhibitory concentration (PA-IC
90
) and 50% achieving 8× PA-IC
90
. Observed trough concentrations (
C
τ
) were similar with and without OLI (
P
> 0.3). With a 3-day OLI-injection gap, simulated pre-injection
C
τ
remained above PK objective. Approximately 1–2 weeks after the first injection, simulated PK profiles became nearly identical among all scenarios. Without OLI, it was predicted that 80% of participants achieve 4× PA-IC
90
in 1.2, 1.8, and 2.8 days after the first injection in each population, respectively, and 50% achieve 8× PA-IC
90
in 1.4, 2.1, and 3.8 days, respectively. Observed long-acting cabotegravir exposure was similar with or without OLI, supporting optional OLI use. Cabotegravir exposure was predicted to remain above PK objective for OLI-injection gaps of ≤3 days and rapidly achieve PK objective after first injection without OLI. Findings are consistent between assigned-male-at-birth and assigned-female-at-birth populations.

This study is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT02720094
.
Human coronavirus OC43 nanobody neutralizes virus and protects mice from infection
Authors: Adair Amy , Tan Li Lynn , Feng Jackson , Girkin Jason , Bryant Nathan , Wang Mingyang , Mordant Francesca , Chan Li-Jin , Bartlett Nathan W. , Subbarao Kanta , Pymm Phillip , Tham Wai-Hong 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43 is endemic to global populations and usually causes asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract illness. Here, we demonstrate the neutralization efficacy of isolated nanobodies from alpacas immunized with the S1
B
and S1
C
domain of the hCoV-OC43 spike glycoprotein. A total of 40 nanobodies bound to recombinant OC43 protein with affinities ranging from 1 to 149 nM. Two nanobodies WNb 293 and WNb 294 neutralized virus at 0.21 and 1.79 nM, respectively. Intranasal and intraperitoneal delivery of WNb 293 fused to an Fc domain significantly reduced nasal viral load in a mouse model of hCoV-OC43 infection. Using X-ray crystallography, we observed that WNb 293 bound to an epitope on the OC43 S1B domain, distal from the sialoglycan-binding site involved in host cell entry. This result suggests that neutralization mechanism of this nanobody does not involve disruption of glycan binding. Our work provides characterization of nanobodies against hCoV-OC43 that blocks virus entry and reduces viral loads
in vivo
and may contribute to future nanobody-based therapies for hCoV-OC43 infections.

IMPORTANCE
The pandemic potential presented by coronaviruses has been demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and previous epidemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Outside of these major pathogenic coronaviruses, there are four endemic coronaviruses that infect humans: hCoV-OC43, hCoV-229E, hCoV-HKU1, and hCoV-NL63. We identified a collection of nanobodies against human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43) and found that two high-affinity nanobodies potently neutralized hCoV-OC43 at low nanomolar concentrations. Prophylactic administration of one neutralizing nanobody reduced viral loads in mice infected with hCoV-OC43, showing the potential for nanobody-based therapies for hCoV-OC43 infections.
Knee-to-chest flexion manoeuvre to reduce respiratory distress after planned caesarean birth: a feasibility study
Authors: Shirima Febronia Laurence , Keus Annemarie , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Hooper Stuart B , Mchome Bariki , Pyuza Jeremia Jackson , Van Den Akker Thomas , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPlanned caesarean section (CS) is a risk factor for neonatal respiratory distress caused by a greater volume of airway liquid in the absence of uterine contractions.Performing a newly conceptualised knee-to-chest flexion (KCF) manoeuvre at birth, mimicking uterine contraction-induced flexion may aid in expelling excess lung liquid.ObjectivesTo test whether performing a KCF manoeuvre at birth is feasible in infants born after planned CS and to test whether KCF leads to visible expulsion of lung liquid.MethodsSingle-centre prospective interventional study in term infants born by planned CS at Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands. KCF was performed for a maximum of 45 s. Baseline characteristics were collected, primary outcome was ability to perform KCF and secondary outcome was any visible expulsion of fluid.ResultsIn 39 infants (mean (SD) gestational age 38.0 (0.7) weeks, birth weight 3537 (440) g), KCF could be performed in 21/39 (54%), whereas 18/39 (46.2%) starting vigorous breathing before KCF could be performed. Notably, visible lung liquid expulsion occurred in 9/21 (43%) infants. KCF duration averaged 29 (18) s. In 13/21 (62 %), KCF was not performed as per standard operating procedure. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionIt is feasible to perform KCF at birth in a large proportion of term infants born by planned CS, with visible expulsion of liquid in a significant proportion of these infants. Training healthcare providers to perform a standardised KCF could increase feasibility and success. Further studies are needed to assess feasibility and effectiveness of KCF.Trial registration numberNL74285.058.20.
Feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes at two district hospitals in Neno, Malawi: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gomber Apoorva , Valeta Francis , Coates Matthew M , Trujillo Celina , Ferrari Gina , Boti Medson , Kumwenda Kenwood , Mailosi Bright , Nakotwa Dester , Drown Laura , Wroe Emily B , Thapa Ada , Mithi Victor , Matanje Beatrice , Msekandiana Amos , Park Paul H , Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Bukhman Gene , Ruderman Todd , Adler Alma J 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and change in clinical outcomes associated with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use among a rural population in Malawi living with type 1 diabetes.DesignA 2:1 open randomised controlled feasibility trial.SettingTwo Partners In Health-supported Ministry of Health-run first-level district hospitals in Neno, Malawi.Participants45 people living with type 1 diabetes (PLWT1D).InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to Dexcom G6 CGM (n=30) use or usual care (UC) (n=15) consisting of Safe-Accu glucose monitors and strips. Both arms received diabetes education.OutcomesPrimary outcomes included fidelity, appropriateness and severe adverse events. Secondary outcomes included change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), acceptability, time in range (CGM arm only) SD of HbA1c and quality of life.ResultsParticipants tolerated CGM well but were unable to change their own sensors which resulted in increased clinic visits in the CGM arm. Despite the hot climate, skin rashes were uncommon but cut-out tape overpatches were needed to secure the sensors in place. Participants in the CGM arm had greater numbers of dose adjustments and lifestyle change suggestions than those in the UC arm. Participants in the CGM arm wore their CGM on average 63.8% of the time. Participants in the UC arm brought logbooks to clinic 75% of the time. There were three hospitalisations all in the CGM arm, but none were related to the intervention.ConclusionsThis is the first randomised controlled trial conducted on CGM in a rural region of a low-income country. CGM was feasible and appropriate among PLWT1D and providers, but inability of participants to change their own sensors is a challenge.Trial registration numberPACTR202102832069874.
Appropriateness and acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes at rural first-level hospitals in Malawi: a qualitative study
Authors: Thapa Ada , Chibvunde Stellar , Schwartz Leah , Trujillo Celina , Ferrari Gina , Drown Laura , Gomber Apoorva , Park Paul H , Matanje Beatrice , Msekandiana Amos , Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Bukhman Gene , Ruderman Todd , Adler Alma J 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this qualitative study is to describe the acceptability and appropriateness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people living with type 1 diabetes (PLWT1D) at first-level (district) hospitals in Malawi.DesignWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews among PLWT1D and healthcare providers participating in the study. Standardised interview guides elicited perspectives on the appropriateness and acceptability of CGM use for PLWT1D and their providers, and provider perspectives on the effectiveness of CGM use in Malawi. Data were coded using Dedoose software and analysed using a thematic approach.SettingFirst-level hospitals in Neno district, Malawi.ParticipantsParticipants were part of a randomised controlled trial focused on CGM at first-level hospitals in Neno district, Malawi. Pretrial and post-trial interviews were conducted for participants in the CGM and usual care arms, and one set of interviews was conducted with providers.ResultsEleven PLWT1D recruited for the CGM randomised controlled trial and five healthcare providers who provided care to participants with T1D were included. Nine PLWT1D were interviewed twice, two were interviewed once. Of the 11 participants with T1D, six were from the CGM arm and five were in usual care arm. Key themes emerged regarding the appropriateness and effectiveness of CGM use in lower resource setting. The four main themes were (a) patient provider relationship, (b) stigma and psychosocial support, (c) device usage and (d) clinical management.ConclusionsParticipants and healthcare providers reported that CGM use was appropriate and acceptable in the study setting, although the need to support it with health education sessions was highlighted. This research supports the use of CGM as a component of personalised diabetes treatment for PLWT1D in resource constraint settings.Trial registration numberPACTR202102832069874; Post-results.
Economic impact of informal caring for a person with arthritis in Australia from 2015 to 2030: a microsimulation approach using national survey data
Authors: Schofield Deborah J , Lim Katherine , Tanton Robert , Veerman Lennert , Kelly Simon J , Passey Megan , Shrestha Rupendra 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo estimate the economic burden of informal caregivers not in the labour force (NILF) due to caring for a person with arthritis in Australia, with projections of these costs from 2015 to 2030.DesignStatic microsimulation modelling using national survey data.SettingAustralia nationwide survey.ParticipantsParticipants include respondents to the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers who are informal carers of a person who has arthritis as their main chronic condition and non-carers.Outcome measuresEstimating the economic impact and national aggregated costs of informal carers NILF to care for a person with arthritis and projecting these costs from 2015 to 2030 in 5-year intervals.ResultsOn a per-person basis, when adjusted for age, sex and highest education attained, the difference in average weekly total income between informal carers and non-carers employed in the labour force is $A1051 (95% CI: $A927 to $A1204) in 2015 and projected to increase by up to 22% by 2030. When aggregated, the total national annual loss of income to informal carers NILF is estimated at $A388.2 million (95% CI: $A324.3 to $A461.9 million) in 2015, increasing to $A576.9 million (95% CI: $A489.2 to $A681.8 million) by 2030. The national annual tax revenue lost to the government of the informal carers NILF is estimated at $A99 million (95% CI: $A77.9 to $A126.4 million) in 2015 and is projected to increase 49% by 2030.ConclusionInformal carers NILF are economically worse off than employed non-carers, and the aggregated national annual costs are substantial. The future economic impact of informal carers NILF to care for a person with arthritis in Australia is projected to increase, with the estimated differences in income between informal carers and employed non-carers increasing by 22% from 2015 to 2030.
Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Chao , Ou Qifeng , Ou Xuee , Pan Ding 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the incidence of sarcopenia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational clinical studies.Setting and participantsAdults with NAFLD.MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published from the inception of each database up to 4 April 2023. All cross-sectional studies on the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia were included in this study. The quality of the included studies and risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. STATA V.15.1 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 1524 retrieved articles, 24 were included in this review, involving 88 609 participants. Our findings showed that the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (pooled OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.17). In a subgroup analysis by region, patients with NAFLD showed an increased risk of sarcopenia (pooled OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.51) in the Asian group, whereas patients with NAFLD had no statistically significant association with the risk of sarcopenia in the American and European groups, with a pooled OR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.40) for the American group and a pooled OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.21 to 4.69) for the European group. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analysis, and no evidence of publication bias was observed.Conclusions and implicationsThe current study indicated a significant positive correlation between NAFLD and sarcopenia, which may be affected by regional factors. This study provides the correlation basis for the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia and helps to find the quality strategy of sarcopenia targeting NAFLD.
Do patients with nephrotic syndrome have an increased risk of osteoporosis? A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Chen-Yi , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Wei Kuang-Yu , Tseng Min-Feng , Lin Fu-Huang , Tsao Chang-Huei , Chien Wu-Chien , Chu Pauling , Wu Chia-Chao 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether nephrotic syndrome (NS) and further corticosteroid (CS) use increase the risk of osteoporosis in Asian population during the period January 2000–December 2010.DesignNationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingAll healthcare facilities in Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 28 772 individuals were enrolled.Interventions26 614 individuals with newly diagnosed NS between 2000 and 2010 were identified and included in out study. 26 614 individuals with no NS diagnosis prior to the index date were age matched as controls. Diagnosis of osteoporosis prior to the diagnosis of NS or the same index date was identified, age, sex and NS-associated comorbidities were adjusted.Primary outcome measureTo identify risk differences in developing osteoporosis among patients with a medical history of NS.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, osteoporosis risk was found to be 3.279 times greater in the NS cohort than in the non-NS cohort, when measured over 11 years after NS diagnosis. Stratification revealed that age older than 18 years, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidaemia, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis and NS-related disease including diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, lymphoma and hypothyroidism, increased the risk of osteoporosis in the NS cohort, compared with the non-NS cohort. Additionally, osteoporosis risk was significantly higher in NS patients with CS use (adjusted HR (aHR)=3.397). The risk of osteoporosis in NS patients was positively associated with risk of hip and vertebral fracture (aHR=2.130 and 2.268, respectively). A significant association exists between NS and subsequent risk for osteoporosis.ConclusionNS patients, particularly those treated with CS, should be evaluated for subsequent risk of osteoporosis.
Bacterial growth in patients with low back pain and Modic changes: protocol of a multicentre, case–control biopsy study
Authors: Rolfsen Mads Peder , Gammelsrud Karianne Wiger , Espeland Ansgar , Bråten Lars Christian , Mjønes Sverre Bugge , Austevoll Ivar , Dolatowski Filip Celestyn , Årrestad Maren Bjerke , Toppe Monika Kolskår , Orlien Ingvild Elise , Holberg-Petersen Mona , Fagerland Morten , Zwart John-Anker , Storheim Kjersti , Hellum Christian 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBacterial infection and Modic changes (MCs) as causes of low back pain (LBP) are debated. Results diverged between two randomised controlled trials examining the effect of amoxicillin with and without clavulanic acid versus placebo on patients with chronic LBP (cLBP) and MCs. Previous biopsy studies have been criticised with regard to methods, few patients and controls, and insufficient measures to minimise perioperative contamination. In this study, we minimise contamination risk, include a control group and optimise statistical power. The main aim is to compare bacterial growth between patients with and without MCs.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, case–control study examines disc and vertebral body biopsies of patients with cLBP. Cases have MCs at the level of tissue sampling, controls do not. Previously operated patients are included as a subgroup. Tissue is sampled before antibiotic prophylaxis with separate instruments. We will apply microbiological methods and histology on biopsies, and predefine criteria for significant bacterial growth, possible contamination and no growth. Microbiologists, surgeons and pathologist are blinded to allocation of case or control. Primary analysis assesses significant growth in MC1 versus controls and MC2 versus controls separately. Bacterial disc growth in previously operated patients, patients with large MCs and growth from the vertebral body in the fusion group are all considered exploratory analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Norway (REC South East, reference number 2015/697) has approved the study. Study participation requires written informed consent. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03406624). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and patient fora.Trial registration numberNCT03406624.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 12-month automated text message intervention for weight management in postpartum women with overweight or obesity: protocol for the Supporting MumS (SMS) multisite, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gallagher Dunla , Spyreli Eleni , Anderson Annie S , Bridges Sally , Cardwell Christopher R , Coulman Elinor , Dombrowski Stephan U , Free Caroline , Heaney Suzie , Hoddinott Pat , Kee Frank , McDowell Clíona , McIntosh Emma , Woodside Jayne V , McKinley Michelle C 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe reproductive years can increase women’s weight-related risk. Evidence for effective postpartum weight management interventions is lacking and engaging women during this life stage is challenging. Following a promising pilot evaluation of the Supporting MumS intervention, we assess if theory-based and bidirectional text messages to support diet and physical activity behaviour change for weight loss and weight loss maintenance, are effective and cost-effective for weight change in postpartum women with overweight or obesity, compared with an active control arm receiving text messages on child health and development.Methods and analysisTwo-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blind randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness and process evaluations. Women (n=888) with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2and within 24 months of giving birth were recruited via community and National Health Service pathways through five UK sites targeting areas of ethnic and socioeconomic diversity. Women were 1:1 randomised to the intervention or active control groups, each receiving automated text messages for 12 months. Data are collected at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is weight change at 12 months from baseline, compared between groups. Secondary outcomes include weight change (24 months) and waist circumference (cm), proportional weight gain (>5 kg), BMI (kg/m2), dietary intake, physical activity, infant feeding and mental health (6, 12 and 24 months, respectively). Economic evaluation examines health service usage and personal expenditure, health-related quality of life and capability well-being to assess cost-effectiveness over the trial and modelled lifetime. Cost–utility analysis examines cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained over 24 months. Mixed-method process evaluation explores participants’ experiences and contextual factors impacting outcomes and implementation. Stakeholder interviews examine scale-up and implementation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained before data collection (West of Scotland Research Ethics Service Research Ethics Committee (REC) 4 22/WS/0003). Results will be published via a range of outputs and audiences.Trial registration numberISRCTN16299220.