bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplitude‐Dependent Energy Dissipation Inferred From Spectral Analyses of Intraslab Earthquakes
Authors: Tero Hayato , Nakajima Junichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile the Earth (rocky planet) can be approximated as an elastic body, it also possesses anelasticity, Q−1, which causes energy dissipation (intrinsic attenuation) during deformation. Rock deformation experiments have demonstrated that Q−1 shows a marked amplitude dependency for strain of >∼10−6, but seismic‐waves‐induced strain is generally much smaller than the threshold value. Therefore, all seismological analyses have assumed amplitude‐independent attenuation. However, theoretical models of dislocation‐induced attenuation have predicted amplitude‐dependent attenuation under high temperatures and pressures equivalent to the crustal and uppermost mantle conditions. This study investigates whether attenuation is actually independent of seismic‐wave amplitudes by a systematic analysis of a large number of spectral amplitudes of co‐located earthquake pairs with different observed amplitudes. We assume the ω2 source and circular crack models to correct for the source parameters of earthquakes. The obtained results suggest that amplitude‐dependent attenuation is required to explain the observations, which contradicts a long‐standing recognition that amplitude‐dependent attenuation is negligible for the propagation of seismic waves. Our model calculation further suggests that Q−1 is proportional to the seismic amplitude, A, whereby Q−1 ∝ A0.1–0.2, which introduces attenuation variations along a given raypath, with significantly enhanced attenuation near the hypocenter. Our result highlights the need to revisit and potentially rethink current models of the physical mechanisms influencing intrinsic attenuation.
Improving Supercooled Water Forecast Through Real‐Time Aerosol Input: A Case Study
Authors: Wu W. , Huang W. , Li B. , Xie Y. , Yang Y. , Wang P. , Niu Z. , Deng L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurately simulating and forecasting supercooled water has been crucial for addressing the threat of aircraft icing. This study utilized the Weather Research and Forecast model and Aerosol‐Aware Thompson‐Eidhammer microphysics (TE14) scheme to simulate supercooled water properties. Three high‐resolution experiments were conducted to explore the impact of increased model resolution and different aerosol initial conditions. The synoptic‐scale characteristics and cloud extent were well‐matched between observations and the model simulation, which established a background for supercooled water comparisons. Microphysical characteristics of supercooled droplets and the formation of supercooled large drops demonstrated the TE14 scheme's reasonable simulation of supercooled water microphysics under different aerosol loadings. In situ aircraft measurements were used to validate the simulated supercooled water properties. Results highlighted the sensitivity of supercooled water simulation to aerosol number concentration via droplet activation in the scheme. The choice for the aerosol initial condition could result in a significant underestimation or overestimation of supercooled water number concentration, consequently leading to biased estimations of droplet size. Incorporating real‐time forecast aerosol data improved the simulation by increasing cloud droplet number concentration and reducing droplet size. These findings underscored the importance of aerosols via droplet activation in accurately simulating cloud water properties and emphasized their role in forecasting aircraft icing hazards.
Advances in Mapping Lowermost Mantle Convective Flow With Seismic Anisotropy Observations
Authors: Wolf Jonathan , Li Mingming , Long Maureen D. , Garnero Edward 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConvective flow in the deep mantle controls Earth's dynamic evolution, influences plate tectonics, and has shaped Earth's current surface features. Present and past convection‐induced deformation manifests itself in seismic anisotropy, which is particularly strong in the mantle's uppermost and lowermost portions. While the general patterns of seismic anisotropy have been mapped for the upper mantle, anisotropy in the lowermost mantle (called D′′) is at an earlier stage of exploration. Here we review recent progress in methods to measure and interpret D′′ anisotropy. Our understanding of the limitations of existing methods and the development of new measurement strategies have been aided enormously by the availability of high‐performance computing resources. We give an overview of how measurements of seismic anisotropy can help constrain the mineralogy and fabric of the deep mantle. Specifically, new and creative strategies that combine multiple types of observations provide much tighter constraints on the geometry of anisotropy than have previously been possible. We also discuss how deep mantle seismic anisotropy provides insights into lowermost mantle dynamics. We summarize what we have learned so far from measurements of D′′ anisotropy, how inferences of lowermost mantle flow from measurements of seismic anisotropy relate to geodynamic models of mantle flow, and what challenges we face going forward. Finally, we discuss some of the important unsolved problems related to the dynamics of the lowermost mantle that can be elucidated in the future by combining observations of seismic anisotropy with geodynamic predictions of lowermost mantle flow.
Application and demonstration of meso-activity exposure factors to advance estimates of incidental soil ingestion among agricultural workers
Authors: Lupolt Sara N. , Kim Brent F. , Agnew Jacqueline , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Burke Thomas A. , Kennedy Ryan David , Nachman Keeve E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Soil is an understudied and underregulated pathway of chemical exposure, particularly for agricultural workers who cultivate food in soils. Little is known about how agricultural workers spend their time and how they may contact soil while growing food. Exposure factors are behavioral and environmental variables used in exposure estimation.

Objectives
Our study aimed to derive exposure factors describing how growers engage in different tasks and use those factors to advance the use of time-activity data to estimate soil ingestion exposures among agricultural workers.

Methods
We administered a meso-activity-based, season-specific soil contact activity questionnaire to 38 fruit and vegetable growers. We asked growers to estimate the frequency and duration of six meso-activities and describe how they completed them. We used questionnaire data to derive exposure factors and estimate empirical and simulated exposures to a hypothetical contaminant in soil via incidental ingestion using daily, hourly, and hourly-task-specific ingestion rates.

Results
We generated exposure factors characterizing the frequency and duration of six meso-activities by season, and self-reported soil contact, glove use, and handwashing practices by meso-activity and season. Seasonal average daily doses (ADDs) were similar across all three forms of ingestion rates. No consistent patterns regarding task-specific contributions to seasonal or annual ADDs were observed.
Risk factors and incidence of central venous access device-related thrombosis in hospitalized children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Maoling , Yuan Quan , Yang Qiaoyue , Yu Yaqi , Song Wenshuai , Qin Xiuli , Luo Ying , Xiong Xiaoju , Yu Genzhen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The risk factors for central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) in children are not fully understood. We used evidence-based medicine to find the risk factors for CRT by pooling current studies reporting risk factors of CRT, aiming to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, Sinomed, and Wanfang databases was conducted. RevMan 5.4 was employed for data analysis.

Results
The review included 47 studies evaluating 262,587 children with CVAD placement. Qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis identified D-dimer, location of insertion, type of catheter, number of lumens, catheter indwelling time, and central line-associated bloodstream infection as the most critical risk factors for CRT. Primarily due to observational design, the quality of evidence was regarded as low certainty for these risk factors according to the GRADE approach.

Conclusion
Because fewer high-quality studies are available, larger sample sizes and well-designed prospective studies are still needed to clarify the risk factors affecting CRT. In the future, developing pediatric-specific CRT risk assessment tools is important. Appropriate stratified preventive strategies for CRT according to risk assessment level will help improve clinical efficiency, avoid the occurrence of CRT, and alleviate unnecessary suffering of children.

Impact

This is the latest systematic review of risk factors and incidence of CRT in children.

A total of 47 studies involving 262,587 patients were included in our meta-analysis, according to which the pooled prevalence of CRT was 9.1%.

This study identified several of the most critical risk factors affecting CRT in children, including D-dimer, insertion location, type of catheter, number of lumens, catheter indwelling time, and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI).
Sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) plus chidamide (histone deacetylase inhibitor) in relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (SCENT): a phase Ib/II study
Authors: Gao Yan , He Haixia , Li Xueping , Zhang Liling , Xu Wei , Feng Ru , Li Wenyu , Xiao Yin , Liu Xinxiu , Chen Yu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Bai Bing , Wu Huijing , Cai Qingqing , Li Zhiming , Li Jibin , Lin Suxia , He Yanxia , Ping Liqin , Huang Cheng , Mao Jiaying , Chen Xiujin , Zhao Baitian , Huang Huiqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnti-PD-1 antibodies are a favorable treatment for relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma (RR-ENKTL), however, the complete response (CR) rate and the duration of response (DOR) need to be improved. This phase 1b/2 study investigated the safety and efficacy of sintilimab, a fully human anti-PD-1 antibody, plus chidamide, an oral subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor in 38 patients with RR-ENKTL. Expected objective response rate (ORR) of combination treatment was 80%. Patients received escalating doses of chidamide, administered concomitantly with fixed-dose sintilimab in 21-days cycles up to 12 months. No dose-limiting events were observed, RP2D of chidamide was 30 mg twice a week. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in phase 2. In the intention-to-treat population (n = 37), overall response rate was 59.5% with a complete remission rate of 48.6%. The median DOR, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were 25.3, 23.2, and 32.9 months, respectively. The most common grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (28.9%) and thrombocytopenia (10.5%), immune-related AEs were reported in 18 (47.3%) patients. Exploratory biomarker assessment suggested that a combination of dynamic plasma ctDNA and EBV-DNA played a vital prognostic role. STAT3 mutation shows an unfavorable prognosis. Although outcome of anticipate ORR was not achieved, sintilimab plus chidamide was shown to have a manageable safety profile and yielded encouraging CR rate and DOR in RR-ENKTL for the first time. It is a promising therapeutic option for this population.
U3 snoRNA inter-regulates with DDX21 in the perichromosomal region to control mitosis
Authors: Jiang Yang , Sun Shiqi , Liu Xiaofeng , Su Kunqi , Zhang Chunfeng , Zhang Peipei , Zhao Zhuochen , Su Ya , Wang Chang , Du Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractU3 snoRNA is essential for ribosome biogenesis during interphase. Upon mitotic onset, the nucleolus disassembles and U3 snoRNA relocates to the perichromosomal region (PR) to be considered as a chromosome passenger. Whether U3 controls mitosis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that U3 snoRNA is required for mitotic progression. We identified DDX21 as the predominant U3-binding protein during mitosis and confirmed that U3 snoRNA colocalizes with DDX21 in the PR. DDX21 knockdown induces mitotic catastrophe and similar mitotic defects caused by U3 snoRNA depletion. Interestingly, the uniform PR distribution of U3 snoRNA and DDX21 is interdependent. DDX21 functions in mitosis depending on its PR localization. Mechanistically, U3 snoRNA regulates DDX21 PR localization through maintaining its mobility. Moreover, Cy5-U3 snoRNA downsizes the fibrous condensates of His-DDX21 at proper molecular ratios in vitro. This work highlights the importance of the equilibrium between U3 snoRNA and DDX21 in PR formation and reveals the potential relationship between the PR assembly and mitotic regulation.
TPU-assisted adhesive PDMS film for dry or underwater environments
Authors: Park Sangyeun , Kim Minhyeok , So Hongyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Adhesive polymer films with anisotropic properties on either side have attracted tremendous interest for biomedical and engineering applications. However, developing an innovative solution that provides effective adhesion under both dry and wet conditions remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we devised a novel process for creating adhesive films by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate. During the curing process, the PDMS layer in contact with the TPU was lightly cross-linked, which significantly increased adhesion. The catalytic reaction used for polymerization was regulated by the TPU, which is known to adsorb metal ions. This adhesive PDMS film (APF) demonstrated outstanding adhesion on various substrates under dry and underwater conditions and maintained adhesion even after repeated use. In practical applications, the APF proved to be an effective waterproof patch by adhering to the surfaces of objects submerged in water.
Dynamically stable radiation pressure propulsion of flexible lightsails for interstellar exploration
Authors: Gao Ramon , Kelzenberg Michael D. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeter-scale, submicron-thick lightsail spacecraft, propelled to relativistic velocities via photon pressure using high-power density laser radiation, offer a potentially new route to space exploration within and beyond the solar system, posing substantial challenges for materials science and engineering. We analyze the structural and photonic design of flexible lightsails by developing a mesh-based multiphysics simulator based on linear elastic theory. We observe spin-stabilized flexible lightsail shapes and designs that are immune to shape collapse during acceleration and exhibit beam-riding stability despite deformations caused by photon pressure and thermal expansion. Excitingly, nanophotonic lightsails based on planar silicon nitride membranes patterned with suitable optical metagratings exhibit both mechanically and dynamically stable propulsion along the pump laser axis. These advances suggest that laser-driven acceleration of membrane-like lightsails to the relativistic speeds needed to access interstellar distances is conceptually feasible, and that their fabrication could be achieved by scaling up modern microfabrication technology.
Computational reconstruction of mental representations using human behavior
Authors: Caplette Laurent , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRevealing how the mind represents information is a longstanding goal of cognitive science. However, there is currently no framework for reconstructing the broad range of mental representations that humans possess. Here, we ask participants to indicate what they perceive in images made of random visual features in a deep neural network. We then infer associations between the semantic features of their responses and the visual features of the images. This allows us to reconstruct the mental representations of multiple visual concepts, both those supplied by participants and other concepts extrapolated from the same semantic space. We validate these reconstructions in separate participants and further generalize our approach to predict behavior for new stimuli and in a new task. Finally, we reconstruct the mental representations of individual observers and of a neural network. This framework enables a large-scale investigation of conceptual representations.
Time-resolved THz Stark spectroscopy of molecules in solution
Authors: Kang Bong Joo , Rohwer Egmont J. , Rohrbach David , Zyaee Elnaz , Akbarimoosavi Maryam , Ollmann Zoltan , Sorohhov Gleb , Borgoo Alex , Cascella Michele , Cannizzo Andrea , Decurtins Silvio , Stanley Robert J. , Liu Shi-Xia , Feurer Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor decades, it was considered all but impossible to perform Stark spectroscopy on molecules in a liquid solution, because their concomitant orientation to the applied electric field results in overwhelming background signals. A way out was to immobilize the solute molecules by freezing the solvent. While mitigating solute orientation, freezing removes the possibility to study molecules in liquid environments at ambient conditions. Here we demonstrate time-resolved THz Stark spectroscopy, utilizing intense single-cycle terahertz pulses as electric field source. At THz frequencies, solute molecules have no time to orient their dipole moments. Hence, dynamic Stark spectroscopy on the time scales of molecular vibrations or rotations in both non-polar and polar solvents at arbitrary temperatures is now possible. We verify THz Stark spectroscopy for two judiciously selected molecular systems and compare the results to conventional Stark spectroscopy and first principle calculations.
The matrisome landscape controlling in vivo germ cell fates
Authors: Amran Aqilah , Pigatto Lara , Farley Johanna , Godini Rasoul , Pocock Roger , Gopal Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe developmental fate of cells is regulated by intrinsic factors and the extracellular environment. The extracellular matrix (matrisome) delivers chemical and mechanical cues that can modify cellular development. However, comprehensive understanding of how matrisome factors control cells in vivo is lacking. Here we show that specific matrisome factors act individually and collectively to control germ cell development. Surveying development of undifferentiated germline stem cells through to mature oocytes in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line enabled holistic functional analysis of 443 conserved matrisome-coding genes. Using high-content imaging, 3D reconstruction, and cell behavior analysis, we identify 321 matrisome genes that impact germ cell development, the majority of which (>80%) are undescribed. Our analysis identifies key matrisome networks acting autonomously and non-autonomously to coordinate germ cell behavior. Further, our results demonstrate that germ cell development requires continual remodeling of the matrisome landscape. Together, this study provides a comprehensive platform for deciphering how extracellular signaling controls cellular development and anticipate this will establish new opportunities for manipulating cell fates.
Cingulate microstimulation induces negative decision-making via reduced top-down influence on primate fronto-cingulo-striatal network
Authors: Amemori Satoko , Graybiel Ann M. , Amemori Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucial for regulation of emotion that is known to aid prevention of depression. The broader fronto-cingulo-striatal (FCS) network, including cognitive dlPFC and limbic cingulo-striatal regions, has been associated with a negative evaluation bias often seen in depression. The mechanism by which dlPFC regulates the limbic system remains largely unclear. Here we have successfully induced a negative bias in decision-making in female primates performing a conflict decision-making task, by directly microstimulating the subgenual cingulate cortex while simultaneously recording FCS local field potentials (LFPs). The artificially induced negative bias in decision-making was associated with a significant decrease in functional connectivity from cognitive to limbic FCS regions, represented by a reduction in Granger causality in beta-range LFPs from the dlPFC to the other regions. The loss of top-down directional influence from cognitive to limbic regions, we suggest, could underlie negative biases in decision-making as observed in depressive states.
Reduction of precious metal ions in aqueous solutions by contact-electro-catalysis
Authors: Su Yusen , Berbille Andy , Li Xiao-Fen , Zhang Jinyang , PourhosseiniAsl MohammadJavad , Li Huifan , Liu Zhanqi , Li Shunning , Liu Jianbo , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecious metals are core assets for the development of modern technologies in various fields. Their scarcity poses the question of their cost, life cycle and reuse. Recently, an emerging catalysis employing contact-electrification (CE) at water-solid interfaces to drive redox reaction, called contact-electro-catalysis (CEC), has been used to develop metal free mechano-catalytic methods to efficiently degrade refractory organic compounds, produce hydrogen peroxide, or leach metals from spent Li-Ion batteries. Here, we show ultrasonic CEC can successfully drive the reduction of Ag(ac), Rh3+, [PtCl4]2-, Ag+, Hg2+, Pd2+, [AuCl4]-, and Ir3+, in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The effect of oxygen on the reaction is studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and ab-initio simulation. Combining measurements of charge transfers during water-solid CE, EPR spectroscopy and gold extraction experiments help show the link between CE and CEC. What’s more, this method based on water-solid CE is capable of extracting gold from synthetic solutions with concentrations ranging from as low as 0.196 ppm up to 196 ppm, reaching in 3 h extraction capacities ranging from 0.756 to 722.5 mg g−1 in 3 h. Finally, we showed CEC is employed to design a metal-free, selective, and recyclable catalytic gold extraction methods from e-waste aqueous leachates.
Ferritinophagy mediates adaptive resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hui , Hu Qianfan , Chen Yuzhong , Huang Xing , Feng Yipeng , Shi Yuanjian , Li Rutao , Yin Xuewen , Song Xuming , Liang Yingkuan , Zhang Te , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsimertinib (Osi) is a widely used epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). However, the emergence of resistance is inevitable, partly due to the gradual evolution of adaptive resistant cells during initial treatment. Here, we find that Osi treatment rapidly triggers adaptive resistance in tumor cells. Metabolomics analysis reveals a significant enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in Osi adaptive-resistant cells. Mechanically, Osi treatment induces an elevation of NCOA4, a key protein of ferritinophagy, which maintains the synthesis of iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) proteins of electron transport chain and OXPHOS. Additionally, active ISC protein synthesis in adaptive-resistant cells significantly increases the sensitivity to copper ions. Combining Osi with elesclomol, a copper ion ionophore, significantly increases the efficacy of Osi, with no additional toxicity. Altogether, this study reveals the mechanisms of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in Osi adaptive resistance and introduces a promising new therapy of combining copper ionophores to improve its initial efficacy.