bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of human neutrophil peptides in saliva by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Ming‐Hui , Lo Li‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Hsuan , Shiea Jentaie , Wu Pei‐Chang , Tyan Yu‐Chang , Jong Yuh‐Jyh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry is used to rapidly characterize the human neutrophil peptides – HNP 1, 2, and 3 – in saliva. The saliva excreted from the parotid and sublingual/submandibular glands of 70 individuals were collected and examined using MALDI‐TOF. The MALDI approach requires no sample pretreatment other than mixing the saliva‐absorbing material with the matrix and drying under ambient conditions. Tissue paper was the best material for collecting the saliva samples because of its strong texture and high absorbance, and sinapinic acid was the best MALDI matrix for the analysis of the HNPs. HNPs were detected in almost all the samples collected from the parotid glands, with no obvious differences among age or gender. In contrast, the distribution of the HNPs in the samples collected from the sublingual/submandibular glands was age‐dependent: no HNPs were detected for those collected from individuals younger than 30, but the HNPs were present in all of the samples collected from those older than 60 years. The increased probability of detecting saliva HNPs with age suggests that HNPs may function as a biomarker for aging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Analysis of Highly Relaxed GaSb Grown on GaAs Substrates with Periodic Interfacial Array of 90° Misfit Dislocations
Authors: Jallipalli A , Balakrishnan G , Huang SH , Rotter TJ , Nunna K , Liang BL , Dawson LR , Huffaker DL 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We report structural analysis of completely relaxed GaSb epitaxial layers deposited monolithically on GaAs substrates using interfacial misfit (IMF) array growth mode. Unlike the traditional tetragonal distortion approach, strain due to the lattice mismatch is spontaneously relieved at the heterointerface in this growth. The complete and instantaneous strain relief at the GaSb/GaAs interface is achieved by the formation of a two-dimensional Lomer dislocation network comprising of pure-edge (90°) dislocations along both [110] and [1-10]. In the present analysis, structural properties of GaSb deposited using both IMF and non-IMF growths are compared. Moiré fringe patterns along with X-ray diffraction measure the long-range uniformity and strain relaxation of the IMF samples. The proof for the existence of the IMF array and low threading dislocation density is provided with the help of transmission electron micrographs for the GaSb epitaxial layer. Our results indicate that the IMF-grown GaSb is completely (98.5%) relaxed with very low density of threading dislocations (105 cm−2), while GaSb deposited using non-IMF growth is compressively strained and has a higher average density of threading dislocations (>109 cm−2).
Could co‐transplantation of iPS cells derived hepatocytes and MSCs cure end‐stage liver disease?
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Yingjie , Tai Guangping , Zhang Shichang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOrthotopic liver transplantation is, to date, the only proven effective treatment for end‐stage liver disease. However, it suffers from lack of donors and immunorejection. Here, we speculate that co‐transplantation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived hepatocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer an alternative way to treat patients with end‐stage liver disease. Recently, progress on iPS cells, homogeneous differentiation of hepatocyte‐like cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and paracrine effects by MSCs highlight the possibility. Safe, efficient and rapid generation of iPS cells has been reliably produced by several experimental laboratories. Methods for highly efficient and homogeneous differentiation of ESCs into functional hepatocytes have been established as well. Moreover, paracrine effects by MSCs have been proven to play an important role in liver regeneration and repair, and the effects can be used as an enhancer for engraftment. All of these remarkable developments lead to this hypothesis which may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of patients with end‐stage liver disease, though some issues about safety and efficacy need to be further guaranteed.
Development of a brief screen for violence risk (V-RISK-10) in acute and general psychiatry: An introduction with emphasis on findings from a naturalistic test of interrater reliability
Authors: Bjørkly S. , Hartvig P. , Heggen F.-A. , Brauer H. , Moger T.A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMost violence risk assessment scales were originally developed for use in forensic settings at the time of discharge or release of patients into the community after long-term treatment. However, there is a considerable need for specialized, brief and structured risk assessment tools to inform risk decisions in short-term psychiatric treatment. The present study reports on research findings from the development and implementation of the violence risk screening-10 (V-RISK-10) in two acute psychiatric settings in Norway. The 10-item screen is easy to use, time-saving and may be used for screening of violence risk during hospital stay and after discharge into the community. Prospective validation studies of the screen concerning inpatient and post-release community violence have been conducted. Although data analyses are not yet complete, preliminary findings indicate that the screen has good predictive validity. This suggests that the screen is a promising tool in short-term acute psychiatric settings. However, the importance of reliability in mental health data and tests is well recognized, and a screen with good predictive validity is not worth much if clinicians are unable to agree on the scoring of one and the same patient. In this article we report results from a naturalistic interrater reliability investigation that involved 25 mental health professionals and 73 acute psychiatric patients. V-RISK-10 scoring was accomplished by two raters for each patient. The interrater reliability value for total scores was acceptable. Variations pertaining to the individual V-RISK-10 item, patient characteristics and rater characteristics are discussed.
Male partner involvement in reducing loss to follow‐up after cervical cancer screening in Uganda
Authors: Mutyaba Twaha , Mirembe Florence , Sandin Sven , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of male partner involvement in reducing loss to follow‐up among women in Uganda referred for colposcopy after a positive cervical cancer‐screening test.MethodsIn 2 family‐planning/postnatal clinics at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, 5094 women were screened for cervical lesions. Those who screened positive were referred for colposcopy; half were allocated to the intervention group and half to the control group. In the intervention group, information about the screening findings and a request to assist their partner in attending the next examination were sent to male partners. In the control group, a standard service was provided, which did not include a letter to the male partner. Logistic regression models were applied to calculate the probability of women returning for colposcopy.ResultsOf the 834 women referred, 209 (25%) did not return for colposcopy: 143/419 (34%) from the control group and 66/415 (16%) from the intervention group. Women in the intervention group were more likely to return (odds ratio 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–3.9).ConclusionMale partner involvement significantly reduced loss to follow‐up among women referred for colposcopy.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of female sex workers toward HPV infection, cervical cancer, and cervical smears in Thailand
Authors: Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Phianmongkhol Yupin , Jitvatcharanun Kriangsak , Siriratwatakul Usanee , Srisomboon Jatupol 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of female sex workers (FSWs) regarding cervical cancer and its prevention in Thailand.MethodFrom August through November 2008, 402 consecutive FSWs were recruited for interviews.ResultsThe mean knowledge score was 4.9 (maximum possible, 15; range, 0–14). Approximately 60% of the FSWs had knowledge scores less than 5. Low education and a lack of health insurance were significant independent predictors of low knowledge scores (adjusted odds ratios, 3.17 and 1.97, respectively). More than half of the FSWs were unaware of being at higher risk for HPV infection or of the possible consequences of HPV infection. The negative attitude regarding cervical screening was caused by the fear of abnormal results (27.9%), experiencing pain (18.4%), and embarrassment (14.7%).ConclusionThe knowledge and awareness of HPV infection, cervical cancer, and utility of cervical smears is low among FSWs in Thailand. Designing and implementing effective interventions is crucial and merits attention in future research.
Factors associated with the risk of progression to precursor lesions or cervical cancer in women with negative cytologic findings
Authors: Girianelli Vania Reis , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate factors associated with progression to cervical cancer or moderate to severe precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 [CIN 2] or higher) in women with negative cervical screening results.MethodA cohort of 1236 women from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was followed up for 36 months. Hazards ratios (HR) and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate factors associated with the development of lesions grade CIN 2 or higher.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, education level, number of sexual partners, and parity, the presence of CIN 2 or more advanced lesions was associated with HPV infection (HR, 39.0; 95% CI, 9.8–156.0), smoking (HR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.0–29.6), and early age at first sexual intercourse (HR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.1).ConclusionThese findings suggest that women at increased risk for cervical cancer be screened for HPV at the time of cervical screening, particularly in areas where access to health services is difficult. Antismoking strategies especially targeting young women should be a priority in a comprehensive women's health care program.
Comparing fire-history interpretations based on area, number and estimated volume of macroscopic charcoal in lake sediments
Authors: Ali Adam A. , Higuera Philip E. , Bergeron Yves , Carcaillet Christopher 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSedimentary charcoal particles from lakes are commonly used to investigate fire history. Fire-history reconstructions are based on measuring the surface area or counting the number of charcoal fragments in adjacent samples. Recently, the volume of charcoal particles was advised as a more accurate method for quantifying past charcoal production. Large charcoal datasets, used to synthesize global fire history, include these different types of charcoal measurements and implicitly assume that they provide comparable fire-history information. However, no study has demonstrated that this assumption is valid. Here we compare fire-frequency reconstructions based on measurements of charcoal area and number, and estimates of charcoal volume from two lake sediment records from the eastern Canadian boreal forest. Results indicate that the three proxies provide comparable fire-history interpretations when using a locally defined threshold to identify fire events.
Characteristics of the Transition to Spoken Words in Two Young Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Ertmer David J. , Inniger Kelli J. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
This investigation addressed two main questions: (a) How do toddlers' spoken utterances change during the first year of cochlear implant (CI) use? and (b) How do the time-courses for reaching spoken word milestones after implant activation compare with those reported for typically developing children? These questions were explored to increase understanding of early semantic development in children who receive CIs before their second birthdays.

Methods
Monthly recordings of mother-child interactions were gathered during the first year of CI use by a boy and a girl whose CIs were activated at 11 and 21 months of age, respectively. Child utterances were classified as nonwords, pre-words, single words, or word combinations, and the percentages of these utterance types were calculated for each month. Data were compared to published findings for typically developing children for the number of months of robust hearing (i.e., auditory access to conversational speech) needed to reach spoken word milestones and the chronological ages at which milestones were achieved.

Results
The main findings were that the percentages of nonwords and pre-words decreased as single words and word combinations increased. Both children achieved most spoken word milestones with fewer months of robust hearing experience than reported for typically developing children; the youngest recipient achieved more milestones within typical age ranges than the child implanted later in life.

Conclusions
The children’s expeditious gains in spoken word development appeared to be facilitated by interactions among their pre-implant hearing experiences; their relatively advanced physical, cognitive, and social maturity; participation in intervention programs; and the introduction of robust hearing within the Utterance Acquisition phase of language development according to the neurolingusitic theory (J. Locke, 1997).
Factorial Temperament Structure in Stuttering, Voice-Disordered, and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Eggers Kurt , De Nil Luc F. , Van den Bergh Bea R. H. 
Published: August 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the underlying temperamental structure of the Dutch Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; B. Van den Bergh & M. Ackx, 2003) was identical for children who stutter (CWS), typically developing children (TDC), and children with vocal nodules (CWVN).MethodA principal axis factor analysis was performed on data obtained with the Dutch CBQ from 69 CWS, 149 TDC, and 41 CWVN. All children were between the ages of 3;0 (years;months) and 8;11.ResultsResults indicated a 3-factor solution, identified as Extraversion/Surgency, Negative Affect, and Effortful Control, for each of the participant groups, showing considerable similarity to previously published U.S., Chinese, Japanese, and Dutch samples. Congruence coefficients were highest for CWS and TDC and somewhat more modest when comparing CWVN and TDC. The Effortful Control factor consistently yielded the lowest congruence coefficients.ConclusionThese data confirm that although stuttering, voice-disordered, and typically developing children may differ quantitatively with regard to mean scores on temperament scales, they are similar in terms of their overall underlying temperament structure. The equivalence of temperament structure provides a basis for further comparison of mean group scores on the individual temperament scales.
Developing the Communicative Participation Item Bank: Rasch Analysis Results From a Spasmodic Dysphonia Sample
Authors: Baylor Carolyn R. , Yorkston Kathryn M. , Eadie Tanya L. , Miller Robert M. , Amtmann Dagmar 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct the initial psychometric analyses of the Communicative Participation Item Bank—a new self-report instrument designed to measure the extent to which communication disorders interfere with communicative participation. This item bank is intended for community-dwelling adults across a range of communication disorders.

Method
A set of 141 candidate items was administered to 208 adults with spasmodic dysphonia. Participants rated the extent to which their condition interfered with participation in various speaking communication situations. Questionnaires were administered online or in a paper version per participant preference. Participants also completed the Voice Handicap Index (B. H. Jacobson et al., 1997) and a demographic questionnaire. Rasch analyses were conducted using Winsteps software (J. M. Linacre, 1991).

Results
The results show that items functioned better when the 5-category response format was recoded to a 4-category format. After removing 8 items that did not fit the Rasch model, the remaining 133 items demonstrated strong evidence of sufficient unidimensionality, with the model accounting for 89.3% of variance. Item location values ranged from −2.73 to 2.20 logits.

Conclusions
Preliminary Rasch analyses of the Communicative Participation Item Bank show strong psychometric properties. Further testing in populations with other communication disorders is needed.
Mandibular Motor Control During the Early Development of Speech and Nonspeech Behaviors
Authors: Steeve Roger W. , Moore Christopher A. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
The mandible is often portrayed as a primary structure of early babble production, but empiricists still need to specify (a) how mandibular motor control and kinematics vary among different types of multisyllabic babble, (b) whether chewing or jaw oscillation relies on a coordinative infrastructure that can be exploited for early types of multisyllables, and (c) whether the organization of motor control and associated kinematics varies across the nonspeech behaviors that are candidate motor stereotypies for speech.

Method
Electromyographic signals were obtained from mandibular muscle groups, and associated kinematics were measured longitudinally from a typically developing infant from 9 to 22 months during jaw oscillation, chewing, and several types of early multisyllabic babble.

Results
Measures of early motor control and mandibular kinematics for multisyllabic productions indicated task-dependent changes across syllable types and significant differences across babble and nonspeech behaviors. Differences in motor control were also observed across nonspeech behaviors.

Conclusions
Motor control for babble appears to be influenced by the balanced interaction between developing motor and linguistic systems, such that variation in linguistic complexity systematically evinces changes in motor organization apparently to meet these demands. This same effect was noted among chewing and jaw oscillation; task-dependent changes in mandibular control were noted across behaviors.
Nonparticipatory Stiffness in the Male Perioral Complex
Authors: Chu Shin-Ying , Barlow Steven M. , Lee Jaehoon 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
The objective of this study was to extend previous published findings in the authors' laboratory using a new automated technology to quantitatively characterize nonparticipatory perioral stiffness in healthy male adults.

Method
Quantitative measures of perioral stiffness were sampled during a nonparticipatory task using a computer-controlled linear servo motor to impose a series of tensile displacements over a span of approximately 24 mm at the oral angle in 20 healthy young male adults. Perioral electromyograms were simultaneously sampled to confirm nonparticipation or passive muscle state. Perioral stiffness, derived as a quotient from resultant force (ΔF) and oral span (ΔX), was modeled with regression techniques and subsequently compared to previously reported perioral stiffness data for female adults.

Results
Multilevel regression analysis revealed a significant quadratic relation between the perioral stiffness and interangle span; however, no significant difference was found between adult males and females.

Conclusion
These normative measures will have application to future studies designed to objectively assess the effects of pathology (i.e., progressive neuromotor disease, traumatic brain insult) and intervention (pharmacologic, neurosurgical, and reconstructive surgery of the face [i.e., cleft lip, trauma, missile injuries]) on facial animation and speech kinematics.
Somatosensory Gating Is Dependent on the Rate of Force Recruitment in the Human Orofacial System
Authors: Andreatta Richard D. , Barlow Steven M. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
Functional orofacial behaviors vary in their force endpoint and rate of recruitment. This study assessed the gating of orofacial cutaneous somatosensation during different cyclic lip force recruitment rates. Understanding how differences in the rate of force recruitment influences trigeminal system function is an important step toward furthering the knowledge of orofacial sensorimotor control.

Method
Lower lip vibrotactile detection thresholds (LL-VDTs) were sampled in response to sinusoidal inputs delivered to the lip vermilion at 5, 10, 50, and 150 Hz while adult participants engaged in a baseline condition (no force), 2 low-level lip force recruitment tasks differing by rate (0.1 Hz or 2 Hz), and passive displacement of the lip as a control to approximate the mechanosensory consequences of voluntary movement.

Results
LL-VDTs increased significantly for test frequencies at or below 50 Hz during voluntary lip force recruitment. LL-VDT shifts were positively related to changes in the rate of lip force recruitment, whereas passively imposed displacements of the lip were ineffective in shifting LL-VDTs.

Conclusions
These findings are considered in relation to published reports of force-related sensory gating in orofacial and limb systems and the potential role of somatosensory gating along the trigeminal system during orofacial behaviors.
Lipreading, Processing Speed, and Working Memory in Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Feld Julia E. , Sommers Mitchell S. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose
To examine several cognitive and perceptual abilities—including working memory (WM), information processing speed (PS), perceptual closure, and perceptual disembedding skill—as factors contributing to individual differences in lipreading performance and to examine how patterns in predictor variables change across age groups.

Method

Forty-three younger adults (mean age = 20.8 years,
SD
= 2.4) and 38 older adults (mean age = 76.8 years,
SD
= 5.6) completed tasks measuring lipreading ability, verbal WM, spatial WM (SWM), PS, and perceptual abilities.

Results
Younger adults demonstrated superior lipreading ability and perceptual skills compared with older adults. In addition, younger participants exhibited longer WM spans and faster PS than did the older participants. SWM and PS accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in lipreading ability in both younger and older adults, and the pattern of predictor variables remained consistent over age groups.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the large individual variability in lipreading ability can be explained, in part, by individual differences in SWM and PS. Furthermore, as both of these abilities are known to decline with age, the findings suggest that age-related impairments in either or both of these abilities may account for the poorer lipreading ability of older compared with younger adults.