bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of metastatic nonhaematological neoplasms of the breast: A series of seven cases
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gil Yolanda , Pérez‐Barrios Andrés , Alberti‐Masgrau Nuria , Garzón Alfredo , de Agustín Pedro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetastatic neoplasms of the breast are rare. Mammary metastases as the initial presentation are even more infrequent and can simulate a primary malignancy clinically and radiologically. Recognition of metastatic tumors in the breast is important because it would prevent unnecessary mutilating surgery and would lead to appropriate treatment of the primary tumor. There is a broad variety of cytological appearances reported about primary tumors and few reports about secondary breast malignancies, specially diagnosed by FNAC. This study was carried out to examine the clinical and cytomorphologic features of metastatic breast tumors found in 12 de Octubre University Hospital during a period of 20 years. It confirms the utility of FNAC and describes findings that can help in the differential diagnosis that sometimes can be very difficult.Seven cases of nonhematological metastatic neoplasms of the breast were identified from the files of the Department of Pathology of the 12 de Octubre University Hospital from a total of 64,000 aspirates. We included only metastatic tumors from extramammary nonhematological neoplasms. There were nine cases of hematological metastatic neoplasm that were excluded. They were diagnosed with FNAC and confirmed by histopathology, with at least three years of follow up.The breast lump was the first manifestation of malignancy in one case of synovial sarcoma. The other six cases had been previously diagnosed of cancer. These included one malignant melanoma, one alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, one mixed müllerian tumor, one medullary carcinoma of thyroid, one colonic adenocarcinoma, and one gastric adenocarcinoma. The period of time between primary tumor and metastases ranged from one month to eight years. An accurate cytologic diagnosis was made in all the cases. Immunocytochemistry was available but diagnosis could be made with cytomorphology alone in the seven cases.Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is an excellent first line diagnostic modality that is particularly informative when clinical previous data are known. If metastatic disease is suspected, the material obtained by FNAC may provide a definitive diagnosis and prevent open surgical biopsy or mastectomy. We concur with previous reports that FNAC is a reliable, rapid, secure, and cost‐effective approach to the diagnosis of palpable metastatic breast tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whisker experience modulates long‐term depression in neocortical γ‐aminobutyric acidergic interneurons in barrel cortex
Authors: Sun Qian‐Quan , Zhang Zhi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLong‐term plasticity is believed to be an important mechanism that allows neural circuits to be modulated in an use‐dependent manner. However, evidence regarding the role of sensory experience in modulating long‐term plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in neocortical GABAergic interneurons is unavailable. Here, we focused on regular‐spiking nonpyramidal (RSNP) interneurons and examined spike‐pairing‐induced plasticity of glutamatergic synapses and its modulation by sensory experiences ex vivo. In our previous studies, RSNP interneurons do not show experience‐dependent plasticity of intrinsic properties or alteration of thalamocortical (TC) synapses and exhibit robust modulation by mGluRs. Here we report a spike‐pairing‐induced long‐term depression (spLTD) of glutamatergic synapses in RSNP interneurons of barrels cortex. Using paired recording and thalamic‐induced responses, we found that the spLTD was specific for intracortical but not TC synapses. The spLTD was mediated via presynaptic mGluRs. The spLTD was not modulated by chronic or acute administration of NMDAR antagonists but was enhanced by sensory deprivation (via whisker trimming) during a postnatal sensitive period ex vivo. The synapses specific spLTD to intracortical glutamatergic synapses in RSNP cells and their modulation by sensory deprivation may contribute to sensory‐dependent remodeling of cortical circuits and redistribution circuit activity along the whisker‐related columns. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maßgeschneiderte Oberflächen und Bauteile
Authors: Gasser Andres , Olaineck Christoph 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDiverse Verfahren der Oberflächentechnik mit Laserstrahlung haben sich inzwischen in der industriellen Fertigung etabliert, ebenso wie das Rapid Manufacturing mittels SLM. Im Teil 1 des Artikels (LTJ 4/20 S. 47) wurden die Grundlagen dieser Technologien und diverse Beispiele dargestellt, im zweiten Teil werden Case Studies zum Laserhärten, ‐auftragschweißen und SLM aus den Unternehmen Thyssen Krupp System Engineering, Procter & Gamble und Rolls‐Royce Deutschland vorgestellt.
Large‐area, catalyst‐free heteroepitaxy of InAs nanowires on Si by MOVPE
Authors: Cantoro M. , Wang G. , Lin H. C. , Klekachev A. V. , Richard O. , Bender H. , Kim T.‐G. , Clemente F. , Adelmann C. , van der Veen M. H. , Brammertz G. , Degroote S. , Leys M. , Caymax M. , Heyns M. M. , De Gendt S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we show the results of experiments of InAs nanowire (NW) growth on (111)‐oriented Si wafers. The NWs, grown at 620 °C by metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy, are vertically aligned and ∼30 nm in diameter. Their structural properties are studied by transmission electron microscopy, evidencing a polytypic character, and the vibrational properties by Raman spectroscopy. An assessment of their electrical transport properties is carried out by measuring back‐gated, single InAs NW field‐effect transistors. The absence of a catalyst ensures the compatibility of the NW growth process with current CMOS technology.
Formation of embedded edge states in graphene on a SrO(111) surface
Authors: Kusakabe Koichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing the density functional calculations for a designed material structure, we obtained a modified graphene structure on a SrO(111) oxygen surface as a self‐consistent stable solution. The structure is easily realized by placing graphene on the substrate and is stable with a reaction energy of 4.6 eV per a surface unit cell. All surface oxygen possess carbon‐oxygen covalent bondings. Determined electronic density of states shows appearance of two shallow acceptor bands of embedded edge states above the filled SrO bands.These in‐gap states have non‐bonding character because an effective AB‐bipartite lattice of the π network is formed in the oxidized graphene. When the lower band is partially filled, each localized orbital can acts as a quantum dot with a spin 1/2. Possible density of the dots canreach 2 × 1014 [cm–2], which amounts to 200 terabits per 1 cm2. We show a clue that a magnetic solution is obtained, when the upper flat band is half‐filled, indicating effective realization of flat‐band ferromagnetism (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surgery and Global Public Health: The UNC‐Malawi Surgical Initiative as a Model for Sustainable Collaboration
Authors: Qureshi Javeria S. , Samuel Jonathan , Lee Clara , Cairns Bruce , Shores Carol , Charles Anthony G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAddressing global health disparities in the developing world gained prominence during the first decade of the twenty‐first century. The HIV/AIDS epidemic triggered much interest in and funding for health improvement and mortality reduction in low‐ and middle‐income nations, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. Alliances between U.S. academic medical centers and African nations were created through the departments of internal medicine and infectious disease. However, the importance of addressing surgical disease as part of global public health is becoming recognized as part of international health development efforts. We propose a novel model to reduce the global burden of surgical diseases in resource poor settings by incorporating a sustained institutional surgical presence with our residency training experience by placing a senior surgical resident to provide continuity of care and facilitate training of local personnel. We present the experiences of the University of North Carolina (UNC) Department of Surgery as part of the UNC Project in Malawi as an example of this innovative approach.
Interdisciplinary Linkage of Community Psychology and Cross‐Cultural Psychology: History, Values, and an Illustrative Research and Action Project on Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Mankowski Eric S. , Galvez Gino , Glass Nancy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn analysis of the respective organizational histories, missions, and scholarly activity of the International Association for Cross‐Cultural Psychology and the Society for Community Research and Action was conducted in order to inform the development of interdisciplinary linkages between members of the two organizations. The analysis revealed many points of shared values and actions, as well as some important differences. Both scholarly organizations developed out of a similar historical and cultural zeitgeist in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The missions emphasize the role of culture/diversity in psychological phenomena, adopting an interdisciplinary orientation, the value of collaboration, the importance of research method and ethics, and the value of action research. However, community psychology generally lacks an adequate treatment of cultural phenomena while cross‐cultural psychology often fails to draw on community and participatory methods useful for understanding culture in context. These common roots and differences are examined. Finally, we describe a community based, participatory research and intervention project to address intimate partner violence among Latinos and European‐Americans living in Oregon. Analysis of the research process and on some of our initial findings illustrates challenges and potential benefits of an interdisciplinary, cultural community psychology.
MILITARY FINANCE AND THE EARL OF ESSEX'S INFANTRY IN 1642 – A REINTERPRETATION
Authors: CRAWSHAW TOM 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTScholarly works dealing with the Long Parliament's military finances have often necessarily relied on sampled data and exemplary evidence. This communication demonstrates that full, systematic analyses of the relevant materials in the Commonwealth Exchequer Papers have the potential to alter our understanding of these finances when certain questions are asked. Lacking a detailed calendar, this vast collection of documents is extraordinarily complex and opaque, and because of this it is very hard to deal with holistically. Nevertheless, this communication demonstrates that achieving a broad yet precise view of this vital quantitative material is sometimes possible. It will be suggested here that the army of the earl of Essex enjoyed full payment from the moment of its creation in August 1642 until the end of that October. This will be demonstrated by comparing the total payments received by the foot soldiers to a newly calculated model of their monetary needs during the period in question. Ultimately, there are many possible reasons for the army's failure to secure a decisive victory at Edgehill, but a financial crisis at the political centre was not one of them.
1707, 2007, AND THE UNIONIST TURN IN SCOTTISH HISTORY
Authors: RAFFE ALASDAIR 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the latest research on the making of the Anglo-Scottish parliamentary union of 1707 and unionism in modern Scotland. Stimulated by the tercentenary of the union, but running counter to the popular mood at the time of that anniversary, many of the recent publications exhibit a novel and sympathetic interest in principled support for union. Using Christopher Whatley'sThe Scots and the union(2006) and Colin Kidd'sUnion and unionisms(2008) as starting points, the article shows how the new histories differ from earlier work, while also identifying the interdisciplinary roots of the ‘unionist turn’ in Scottish history.
Depressive mixed state frequency: Age/gender effects
Authors: BENAZZI FRANCO 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDepressive mixed state (DMX), a major depressive episode (MDE) combined with few manic/hypomanic symptoms, is understudied. Age and gender are important variables in mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine whether age and gender had any effect on the frequency of DMX. Consecutive unipolar (n = 144) and bipolar II (n = 218) drug‐free MDE out‐patients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV when presenting for MDE treatment. The presence of hypomanic symptoms during the index MDE was assessed systematically. Depressive mixed state was defined as a MDE with three or more concurrent hypomanic symptoms (DMX3), following previous reports. Associations were tested by logistic regression. The results showed that the DMX3 frequency was 43.9% and that it affected more females than males. Frequency decreased with age. The lower frequency with age was related to the lower frequency of bipolar II disorder with age. Bipolar disorder family history of DMX3 patients did not change with age. In conclusion, the frequency of DMX3 was high and related to age. The high frequency of DMX3 supports the clinical usefulness of the definition, as well as observations that antidepressants may worsen its hypomanic symptoms, whereas antipsychotics and mood stabilisers may treat them. A bipolar vulnerability seems to be required for the appearance of DMX3 also in later life.
Arrhythmogenic autoantibodies against calcium channel lead to sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xiao Hua , Wang Min , Du Yimei , Yuan Jing , Cheng Xiang , Chen Zhijian , Zou Anruo , Wei Fen , Zhao Guanghong , Liao Yu‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AimsCalcium channel plays an important role in the autoimmune pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Autoantibodies have emerged as a new upstream target of sudden death in DCM. We sought to validate the hypothesis that autoantibodies against L‐type calcium channel (CC‐AAbs) are arrhythmogenic and lead to sudden death in patients with DCM.Methods and resultsWe investigated sudden death and ventricular arrhythmias in 80 patients with DCM in a prospective, case follow‐up survey. During a follow‐up of 32 (SD 8) months, CC‐AAbs‐positive patients not only had a higher incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) but also a higher incidence of sudden death than CC‐AAbs‐negative patients (for VT: 59.0 vs. 24.4%, P = 0.002 and for sudden death: 20.5 vs. 4.9%, P = 0.045). Further univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the occurrence of CC‐AAbs was the strongest independent predictor for sudden death (odds ratio: 10.20, 95% confidence interval: 2.43–36.78, P = 0.0027). Experimental studies in ex vivo systems using affinity‐purified CC‐AAbs from patients demonstrated that CC‐AAbs were able to induce VT by prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and triggered activity by early afterdepolarization (EAD).ConclusionOur results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that there is a high incidence of sudden death and VT in CC‐AAbs‐positive patients with DCM. Furthermore, experimental data from ex vivo systems suggest that CC‐AAbs might induce VT by prolongation of APD and triggered activity by EAD.
Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in a Population-based Surgical Cohort
Authors: Canet Jaume , Gallart Lluís , Gomar Carmen , Paluzie Guillem , Vallès Jordi , Castillo Jordi , Sabaté Sergi , Mazo Valentín , Briones Zahara , Sanchis Joaquín 
Published: November 2010

Background
Current knowledge of the risk for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) rests on studies that narrowly selected patients and procedures. Hypothesizing that PPC occurrence could be predicted from a reduced set of perioperative variables, we aimed to develop a predictive index for a broad surgical population.

Methods
Patients undergoing surgical procedures given general, neuraxial, or regional anesthesia in 59 hospitals were randomly selected for this prospective, multicenter study. The main outcome was the development of at least one of the following: respiratory infection, respiratory failure, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or aspiration pneumonitis. The cohort was randomly divided into a development subsample to construct a logistic regression model and a validation subsample. A PPC predictive index was constructed.

Results
Of 2,464 patients studied, 252 events were observed in 123 (5%). Thirty-day mortality was higher in patients with a PPC (19.5%; 95% [CI], 12.5-26.5%) than in those without a PPC (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8%). Regression modeling identified seven independent risk factors: low preoperative arterial oxygen saturation, acute respiratory infection during the previous month, age, preoperative anemia, upper abdominal or intrathoracic surgery, surgical duration of at least 2 h, and emergency surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 90% (95% CI, 85-94%) for the development subsample and 88% (95% CI, 84-93%) for the validation subsample.

Conclusion
The risk index based on seven objective, easily assessed factors has excellent discriminative ability. The index can be used to assess individual risk of PPC and focus further research on measures to improve patient care.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound using a time‐intensity curve for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Aoki Shigeyuki , Hattori Ryohei , Yamamoto Tokunori , Funahashi Yasuhito , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Gotoh Momokazu , Yamada Yoshiaki , Honda Nobuaki 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (non‐consecutive series)Level of Evidence 3b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? In terms of imaging differentiation, distinguishing complex cystic renal masses that require surgery from those that do not remains a common and difficult diagnostic problem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for characterizing complex cystic renal masses. But there are some cases that are difficult to diagnose differentially on computed tomography (CT) or MRI.We evaluated the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma by using a time‐intensity curve (TIC). Assessments of blood flow in the solid component of a cystic tumour by CEUS using a second‐generation US contrast agent and TIC analysis have made it easier to objectively diagnose cystic renal cancer.OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by employing a time‐intensity curve (TIC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From May 2008 to October 2009, CEUS was performed prior to surgery in 30 patients with renal masses.
In all, 10 of the 30 patients had cystic renal masses. The final diagnoses of all patients were pathologically confirmed. Contrast enhancement as a function of time was measured in two (tumour or solid component of cystic lesions and normal parenchyma) regions of interest (ROI) and TICs were obtained.
The time to the contrast enhancement peak (TTP), intensity change from the baseline to peak (ΔI) and ΔI/TTP of the tumour and the normal parenchyma were measured from the TIC.

RESULTS

Pathological diagnoses were renal cell carcinoma in 30 patients.
The TTP of the cancer was shorter than that of the normal parenchyma in all cases (6.0 ± 2.0 vs 10.4 ± 3.0 s; P < 0.0001).
The ΔI did not differ between the cancer and normal parenchyma [21.3 ± 5.9 vs 20.9 ± 7.0 decibels (db); P= 0.68]; the ΔI/TTP of the cancer was significantly higher than that of the normal parenchyma (3.9 ± 1.4 vs 2.2 ± 0.94 db/s; P < 0.0001).
TIC patterns of solid cancer and cystic cancer were very similar.

CONCLUSIONS

An objective and quantitative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by CEUS using a second‐generation ultrasound contrast agent can be made by employing a TIC.
The TIC patterns of solid and cystic cancers were very similar, despite their morphological and vascular differences.
CEUS using TIC is a promising tool in the diagnosis of cystic renal cancer.
The Enemies of Promise: Labour's Long War against Education
Authors: PEARCE EDWARD 
Published: November 2010

Labour and New Labour alike have been the enemies of education. Consider the brutalism of Charles Clarke—‘history for display purposes only’; statistics of achievement based on the soft marking of soft subjects to achieve soviet pig‐iron statistics; fat inspection and thin curriculum; compulsory lesson plans and paper plagues; foreign languages as too difficult. Before all that, remember Anthony Crosland ‘destroying their schools if it's the last fucking thing I do’ and the consequent rise of the public schools as bought excellence.What to do : Follow Housman's dictum, ‘Knowledge is happiness’; rescue good minds in bad places with state places in boarding schools; utilise the quiz nationally the as a pop method to stimulate the study habit; get back to French and German; take the educationalism out of education especially in training colleges; thin inspection down from terror to weather‐eye mentoring.
Variation in the proportion of flower visitors of Arum maculatum along its distributional range in relation with community‐based climatic niche analyses
Authors: Espíndola Anahí , Pellissier Loïc , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: November 2010

Because species–specific interactions between plants and insects require considerable physiological adaptations to establish and be maintained through time and space, highly specialized interactions are rare in nature. Consequently, even if some one‐to‐one interactions might appear locally specialized, additional partners may be involved at a wider scale.Here, we investigate the geographical constancy in the specificity level of the specialized lure‐and‐trap pollination antagonism involving the widespread European Arum maculatum and its associated Psychodid pollinators. Until now, studies concurred in demonstrating that one single insect species, Psychoda phalaenoides, efficiently cross‐pollinated plants; researches were, however, performed locally in western Europe. In this study we characterize for the first time the flower visitors’ composition at the scale of the distribution range of A. maculatum by intensively collecting plants and insects throughout the European continent. We further correlate local climatic characteristics with the community composition of visiting arthropods.Our results show that flowers are generally visited by P. phalaenoides females, but not over the whole distribution range of the plant. In some regions this fly species is less frequent or even absent and another species, Psycha grisescens, becomes the prevailing visitor. This variability is geographically structured and can be explained by climatic factors: the proportion of P. grisescens increases with higher annual precipitations and lower precipitations in the warmest trimester, two characteristics typical of the Mediterranean zone. Climate thus seems driving the specificity of this interaction, by potentially affecting the phenology of one or both interacting species, or even of volatile and heat production in the plant. This result therefore challenges the specificity of other presumably one‐to‐one interactions covering wide distribution ranges, and provides an example of the direct effect that the abiotic environment can have on the fate of plant–insect interactions.