bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of garlic on bacterial biofilm formation on orthodontic wire
Authors: Lee Heon-Jin , Park Hyo-Sang , Kim Kyo-Han , Kwon Tae-Yub , Hong Su-Hyung 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the effect of garlic extract on the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans on orthodontic wire and on glucosyltransferase gene expression.

Materials and Methods:
Growth inhibition of oral bacteria was tested after 50 µL of garlic extract was placed on an agar plate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of garlic extract on S mutans growth was first determined. After cultivating streptococci in biofilm medium (BM)-sucrose with garlic extract and orthodontic wire, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurement and viable cell counting was performed from the bacteria attached on the wire. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of morphology was observed on bacterial cells attached to orthodontic wire. The effect of garlic extract on gene expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of glucosyltransferase.

Results:
Though garlic extract had a clear antibacterial effect on all microorganisms, it also enhanced S mutans attachment on orthodontic wire. Low concentration of garlic extract also increased glucosyltransferase gene expression of S mutans.

Conclusions:
Despite its antibacterial function, garlic extract increases biofilm formation by S mutans to orthodontic wire, likely through upregulation of glucosyltransferase expression. Garlic extract may thus play an important role in increased bacterial attachment to orthodontic wires.
Risk of Bladder Cancer Among Diabetic Patients Treated With Pioglitazone
Authors: Lewis James D. , Ferrara Assiamira , Peng Tiffany , Hedderson Monique , Bilker Warren B. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Vaughn David J. , Nessel Lisa , Selby Joseph , Strom Brian L. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
Some preclinical in vivo studies and limited human data suggest a possible increased risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone therapy. This is an interim report of an ongoing cohort study examining the association between pioglitazone therapy and the risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study includes 193,099 patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California diabetes registry who were ≥40 years of age between 1997 and 2002. Those with prior bladder cancer were excluded. Ever use of each diabetes medication (defined as two or more prescriptions within 6 months) was treated as a time-dependent variable. Cox regression–generated hazard ratios (HRs) compared pioglitazone use with nonpioglitazone use adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes medications, A1C, heart failure, household income, renal function, other bladder conditions, and smoking.

RESULTS
The group treated with pioglitazone comprised 30,173 patients. There were 90 cases of bladder cancer among pioglitazone users and 791 cases of bladder cancer among nonpioglitazone users. Overall, ever use of pioglitazone was not associated with risk of bladder cancer (HR 1.2 [95% CI 0.9–1.5]), with similar results in men and women (test for interaction P = 0.8). However, in the a priori category of &gt;24 months of therapy, there was an increased risk (1.4 [1.03–2.0]). Ninety-five percent of cancers diagnosed among pioglitazone users were detected at early stage.

CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of patients with diabetes, short-term use of pioglitazone was not associated with an increased incidence of bladder cancer, but use for more than 2 years was weakly associated with increased risk.
Progression and Regression: Distinct Developmental Patterns of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated in the Diabetes Care System West-Friesland, the Netherlands
Authors: Zavrelova Hata , Hoekstra Trynke , Alssema Marjan , Welschen Laura M.C. , Nijpels Giel , Moll Annette C. , de Vet Henrica C.W. , Polak Bettine C.P. , Dekker Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
To identify distinct developmental patterns of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and assess the risk factor levels of patients in these clusters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 3,343 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) monitored and treated in the Diabetes Care System West-Friesland, the Netherlands, was followed from 2 to 6 years. Risk factors were measured, and two-field fundus photographs were taken annually and graded according to the EURODIAB study group. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify distinct developmental patterns of DR over time.

RESULTS
Five clusters of patients with distinct developmental patterns of DR were identified: A, patients without any signs of DR (88.9%); B, patients with a slow regression from minimal background to no DR (4.9%); C, patients with a slow progression from minimal background to moderate nonproliferative DR (4.0%); D, patients with a fast progression from minimal or moderate nonproliferative to (pre)proliferative or treated DR (1.4%); and E, patients with persistent proliferative DR (0.8%). Patients in clusters A and B were characterized by lower risk factor levels, such as diabetes duration, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure compared with patients in progressive clusters (C–E).

CONCLUSIONS
Clusters of patients with T2DM with markedly different patterns of DR development were identified, including a cluster with regression of DR. These clusters enable a more detailed examination of the influence of various risk factors on DR.
Dairy Consumption and the Incidence of Hyperglycemia and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fumeron Frédéric , Lamri Amel , Abi Khalil Charbel , Jaziri Riphed , Porchay-Baldérelli Isabelle , Lantieri Olivier , Vol Sylviane , Balkau Beverley , Marre Michel ,   the Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) Study Group
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
In the French Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort, cross-sectional analyses have shown that a higher consumption of dairy products and calcium are associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assess the influence of dairy products on 9-year incident MetS and on impaired fasting glycemia and/or type 2 diabetes (IFG/T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Men and women who completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 3 years were studied (n = 3,435). Logistic regression models were used to study associations between the average year 0 and year 3 consumption of milk and dairy products, cheese, dietary calcium density, and incident MetS and IFG/T2D after adjusting for 1) sex, age, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, fat intake and 2) additionally for BMI. Associations between dairy products and continuous variables were studied by repeated-measures ANCOVA, using the same covariates.

RESULTS
Dairy products other than cheese, and dietary calcium density, were inversely associated with incident MetS and IFG/T2D; cheese was negatively associated with incident MetS. All three parameters were associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, and with a lower BMI gain. Higher cheese intake and calcium density were associated with a lower increase in waist circumference and lower triglyceride levels. Calcium density was also associated with a lower systolic blood pressure and a lower 9-year increase in plasma triglyceride levels.

CONCLUSIONS
A higher consumption of dairy products and calcium was associated with a lower 9-year incidence of MetS and IFG/T2D in a large cohort drawn from the general population.
Combined action of X-rays and nonylphenol on mouse sperm
Authors: Dobrzyńska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 2-weeks’ X-ray and/or nonylphenol (NP) exposure on male mice’s sperm count and quality. Pzh:SFIS mice were exposed to X-rays (0.05 Gy, 0.10 Gy, 0.20 Gy) or to nonylphenol (25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw) or to both agents (0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NP, 0.10 Gy + 50 mg/kg bw NP). At 24 h and 5 weeks after the end of exposure the sperm count, morphology and frequency of DNA damage in the male germ cells were estimated. Each agent alone diminished sperm count and morphology. The dose of 0.05 Gy of X-rays decreased the frequency of DNA damage. Combined exposure to lower doses of both agents significantly improved sperm morphology and decreased the level of DNA damage compared to one agent alone. Combined exposure to higher doses reduced the frequency of DNA damage compared to the effect of the appropriate dose of NP. Results of combined exposure to low doses of both agents suggest that 0.05 Gy of X-rays stimulate the DNA damagecontrol system and in consequence repair of DNA caused by X-rays and NP. It may be correlated with increased antioxidant capacity.
Alcohol consumption among adolescents in Kraljevo, Serbia
Authors: Djordjevic Natasa , Bogojevic Jelena , Kostic Marina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of alcohol consumption among adolescents in one town in Central Serbia. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from 191 Serbian students aged 18 years regarding personal experience with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, along with sociodemographics data. Alcohol consumption was reported by 97.4% subjects, with 34.9% having the first experience with alcohol at the age of 14 years or less. Binge drinking (the intake of five or more drinks at one sitting) was reported by 37.8% subjects. Significantly higher consumption of beer (p<0.0001) and spirits (p=0.03) was observed in boys. The most common reason for both initiation and continuation of drinking, regardless of gender, were celebrations (p≥0.12). Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to consume all alcoholic beverages more frequently (p≤0.04) and in larger quantities (p≤0.004). More frequent or more extensive alcohol consumption, or both, was associated in boys with frequent going out and socializing (p≤0.01), close peer relationship (p=0.04), alcohol abuse within the immediate environment (p≤0.04), better financial status of family (p=0.04), and parental criticism (p≤0.02); in girls, it was associated with parental disapproval (p≤0.02), alcohol abuse within the immediate environment (p≤0.04), and general discontentedness (p=0.049). Regardless of gender, positive alcohol outcome expectancies increased alcohol consumption (p≤0.048), and negative expectancies decreased intake (p≤0.047).
Multtvariate diversity of Polish winter triticale cultivars for spike and other traits
Authors: Kociuba Wanda , Mądry Wieslaw , Kramek Aneta , Ukalski Krzysztof , Studnicki Marcin 
Published: March 2011

Multtvariate diversity of Polish winter triticale cultivars for spike and other traitsThe objective of the present study was to determine the extent and pattern of genotypic diversity for six spike quantitative characters and two other traits in 36 winter triticale cultivars released in Poland, to classify the cultivars into similarity groups (clusters) and to identify those traits, among the studied ones, which mostly discriminated distinguished groups of cultivars. The 36 cultivars, released in the period from 1982 to 1999, were evaluated across three years 2002-2004 at the Experimental Field Station in Czesławice near Nałęczów, Poland. The experiments were carried out on the brown soil with loess subsoil. In each year the one-replicated experimental design was used with 2 m2plots, rows 20 cm apart, and dense sowing using about 2 cm spacing of seeds. Analyses of variance for each trait data according to the random model (both cultivars and years were assumed to be random factors) were done. To classify and characterize genotypic diversity of the cultivars for the eight traits, the pattern analysis was used. It involved both cluster analysis using Ward's procedure with a measure of the multivariate similarity among cultivars being Squared Euclidean Distance and canonical variate analysis (CVA) on the basis of cultivarBLUPs for the original traits. Quite different groups of cultivars for the studied traits were found, specially one group was substantially distanced to the others. As it was shown by CVA, spike length and number of spikelets per spike as negatively correlated with number of grains per spikelet in the studied set of the cultivars relatively largest contributed to overall differentiation of the distinguished eight groups and then, these traits best discriminated among the eight cultivar groups in the term of Mahalanobis distance for the considered traits. The 1000 grain weight and grain protein content much less contributed to overall discrimination of the cultivar groups than the previous four traits. The most important agronomic traits characterizing productivity of the spike grain weight and its two components, e.g. number of grains per spikelet and number of grains per spike had least discriminating power for the groups of cultivars. Grain yield per unit area of cereals is a result of spike grain yield and the number of spikes per unit area. In these studies of winter triticale cultivar diversity only grain spike yield and its components were included. Thus, the presented study are a primary evaluating of phenotypic diversity in the cultivars. The further study on the cultivar diversity evaluation for grain yield per unit area and its components is necessary.
Spatially Diverse ISAR Imaging for Classification Performance Enhancement
Authors: Brisken Stefan , Matthes Dietmar , Mathy Torsten , Worms Josef 
Published: March 2011

Spatially Diverse ISAR Imaging for Classification Performance Enhancement
One popular approach to the problem of Non-Cooperative Target Identification is the use of 2D Inverse SAR images. Methods to successfully identify a target include the comparison of a set of scattering centers in the ISAR image to a database or the estimation of target dimensions. While working well in theory, these techniques face major difficulties in practice. In the conventional case of a monostatic radar, visibility of scattering centers varies with the target aspect angle due to fading. In this paper we examine that the visibility of scattering centers can be improved by incoherent addition of images from spatially distributed radars. The main focus lies in the description and results of a multistatic ISAR experiment carried out at Fraunhofer FHR. We display theoretically derived bistatic synchronization errors in a practical system and formulate additional multistatic synchronization requirements, necessary to add up the images.
Gait Variations in Human Micro-Doppler
Authors: Tahmoush Dave , Silvious Jerry 
Published: March 2011

Gait Variations in Human Micro-DopplerMeasurement of human gait variation is important for security applications such as the indication of unexpected loading due to concealed weapons. To observe humans safely, unobtrusively, and without privacy issues, radar provides one method to detect abnormal activity without using images. In this paper we focus on modeling the characteristics of human walking parameters in order to determine signature differences that are distinguishable and to determine the variability of normal walking to be compared to armed or loaded walking. We extract micro-Doppler from motion-captured human gait models and verify the models with radar measurements. We then vary the model to determine the extent of normal micro-Doppler variation in multiple dimensions of human gait. We also characterize the ability of radar to determine gender and suggest that alternative views to the frontal view may be more discriminative.
Reconstruction of the Reference Signal in DVB-T-based Passive Radar
Authors: Baczyk Marcin , Malanowski Mateusz 
Published: March 2011

Reconstruction of the Reference Signal in DVB-T-based Passive RadarIn the paper the problem of decoding of digital television signal and its reconstruction for the purpose of using it in passive radar is presented. The main focus is the reconstruction of the signal using a general purpose receiver, not dedicated to digital television signal reception. The performance of the proposed method is verified on simulated and real-life signals.
A New Algorithm for Phased Array Radar Search Function Improvement in Overload Situations
Authors: Mofrad Reza , Sadeghzadeh Ramazan 
Published: March 2011

A New Algorithm for Phased Array Radar Search Function Improvement in Overload SituationsA new algorithm is proposed for phased array radar search function resource allocation. The proposed algorithm adaptively priorities radar search regions and in overload situations, based on available resources, radar characteristics, maximum range and search regions, optimally allocates radar resources in order to maximize probability of detection. The performance of new algorithm is evaluated by the multifunction phased array radar simulation test bed. This simulation test bed provides capability to design and evaluate the performance of different radar resource management, target tracking and beam forming algorithms. Some results are presented that show capabilities of this simulation software for multifunction radar algorithms design and performance evaluation.
Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems
Authors: Czawka Giennadij , Garbaruk Marek 
Published: March 2011

Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems
This paper presents a theoretical matrix analysis of antenna structure consisting of two double-element planar antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) application in 2*2 MIMO indoor communication systems. The structure and characteristics of pla-nar two-element UWB antenna are presented. Two matrix models of MIMO antenna system are represented in the paper. A stan-dard MIMO signal transmission matrix without taking into con-sideration the coupling between antennas is described. A new ap-proach to a full electromagnetic analysis based on the scattering matrix of the MIMO spatial antenna array is proposed. Func-tional power parameters for the whole MIMO UWB transmit-receive antenna structure are introduced. Results of computer si-mulations of different matrices describing a MIMO antenna sys-tem and the transmission propagation pulses are presented.
Design of an Ultrawideband CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna with a Band-Notch Function
Authors: Hosseini-Varkiani Mohsen , Hojat-Kashani Farokh , Hesari Manochehr 
Published: March 2011

Design of an Ultrawideband CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna with a Band-Notch FunctionIn this paper, a CPW-fed monopole antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications using band-notch characteristics with size of (24×24×1.6 mm3) is presented. The antenna is designed for operation across the entire UWB from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with band-notch in 5-6 GHz, by inserting an H-shaped slot on the CPW staircase feed line. The proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient below -10 dB through the frequency band. Also, reasonable gain values and good radiation pattern over the same frequency band have been observed. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results are discussed and parametric study is presented.
A 100 W SiC MESFET Amplifier for L-band T/R Module of APAR
Authors: Wojtasiak Wojciech , Gryglewski Daniel 
Published: March 2011

A 100 W SiC MESFET Amplifier for L-band T/R Module of APAR
In the paper, a 100W SiC MESFET amplifier design dedicated for a L-band T/R module of APAR is presented. The output power higher than 100 W has been achieved by combining in a balanced configuration two single stages with Cree's 60 W CRF24060 SiC MESFETs. The amplifier design methodology is based on the small-signal model and DC characteristics of SiC MESFET. The model is extracted using the transistor S-parameters at three operating points for On-state, Off-state and normally biased. The measurements and simulations prove usefulness of the proposed design method. The amplifier was excited with pulsed and cw signals for the case temperature ranging from 60°C to 140°C. As a result of the case temperature changes the output power drop was lower than 0.5 dB at the level of 150 W.
Une émeute de subsistances à Tours au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Maillard Brigitte 
Published: March 2011

Since 1768, new public disturbances had been occuring in Touraine on the market-places of boroughs and towns ; during the second half of February 1774, boats loaded with grain which were going down the Loire and Cher valleys, were plundered in and around Tours. The climax of the disturbances was between February 19tn and 22th ; there were mobs of rioters but no blood shed. Order was reestablished by the constabulary, helped by the bourgeois militia and the army. The lower classes seemed exasperated by the grain trade which they held responsible for high prices, although prices were not so high as in 1771 and 1772.
Legal proceedings were soon started and the sentence heavy: 21 were indicted and 7 condemned, among whom 3 were sentenced to death and immidiatly hanged. The poeple who took part in the looting were city dwellers as well as country people but the latter were the main victims of repression. The town of Tours does seem to have gone through other supply disturbances before the summer of 1789.
La Bretagne et la rivalité Capétiens-Plantagenêts. Un exemple : la duchesse Constance ( 1186- 1202)
Authors: Hillion Yannick 
Published: March 2011

Le règne de la duchesse de Bretagne Constance, de 1186 à 1201, marque un tournant dans l'histoire de la Bretagne : le duché va alors passer de la suzeraineté des Plantagenêts en 1186, à celle des Capétiens, après 1201.
Après la mort, en 1186, de son mari, le duc de Bretagne Geoffroy Plantagenêt, la duchesse Constance donne naissance à un fils posthume, Arthur Plantagenet, seul héritier mâle du duché, mais aussi héritier des Plantagenêts. L'ambition politique qu'elle a pour son fils va se heurter à la volonté rivale des Plantagenêts et de Philippe-Auguste d'imposer leur propre suzeraineté à la Bretagne. L'amoncellement des difficultés personnelles, familiales, politiques intérieures et extérieures, sa propre mort en 1201, la capture et la mort de son fils Arthur en 1203, mettent un terme définitif à cet espoir. Pierre de Dreux prince capétien, succède à Constance en épousant sa fille Alix.
Une expérience de théâtre en langue bretonne dans le Trégorde 1959 à 1965
Authors: Piriou Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2011

Au cours du quart de siècle qui vient de s'écouler, les populations bretonnantes du Trégor ont vu se développer une expérience d'animation tout à fait originale et spontanée avec le « Strollad Beilhadegoù Treger » (Troupe des Veillées du Trégor).
De 1959 à 1965, à raison d'une représentation chaque samedi soir, entre la Toussaint et Pâques, cette troupe s'est produite devant une moyenne de 15 000 spectateurs. C'est à cette époque que, prenant appui sur une tradition dramatique déjà ancienne, des comédiens amateurs ont mis sur pied une formule de théâtre populaire qui devait marquer la vie culturelle rurale des pays de Guingamp, Tréguier et Lannion jusqu'à ces dernières années.
Histoire d'une congrégation féminine saumuroise à la fin de l'Ancien Régime et sous la Révolution. «Les Servantes des Pauvres de Saumur » (1736-1816)
Authors: Guillerand-Champenier Marie-Claude 
Published: March 2011

The Congrégation of the Servants of the Sick Poor in Saumur 1736-1816.
The Congrégation of the Servants of the Sick Poor, founded in Saumur by Jeanne Delanoue and officially recognised in 1709, dedicated itself to helping the underprivileged. In 1789 it took in more than 300 poor folk at the Providence Hospital in Saumur and was kept going by donations and abus alone. Encouraged by their Révérend Mother, the sisters took an oath of allegiance to the Republic in order to continue their work and they received a salary. The Congregation thus lived through the Revolution without undergoing any persecution to speak of, and because of this, it acquired a character ail of its own until peace finally came and gave it renewed strength.
Marie Claude Guillerand-Champenier