bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐dimensional velocity mapping of the hepatic and splanchnic vasculature with radial sampling at 3 tesla: A feasibility study in portal hypertension
Authors: Frydrychowicz A. , Landgraf B.R. , Niespodzany E. , Verma R.W. , Roldán‐Alzate A. , Johnson K.M. , Wieben O. , Reeder S.B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate the feasibility of PC‐VIPR (Phase Contrast Vastly undersampled Imaging with Projection Reconstruction) for the depiction and hemodynamic analysis of hepatic and splanchnic vessels in patients with portal hypertension.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐four cirrhotic patients (55.9 ± 10.4years) were scanned using 5‐point PC‐VIPR for high spatial resolution imaging with large volume coverage at 3 Tesla (T) using a 32‐channel body coil. Vessel segmentation and hemodynamic visualization included color‐coded three‐dimensional (3D) streamlines and particle traces. Segmentation quality was compared with contrast‐enhanced multi‐phase liver imaging. Flow pattern analysis was performed in consensus of three readers. The MELD score was calculated to estimate disease severity and was correlated to image quality.Results:Good to excellent visualization quality was achieved in 23/24 cases. All arterial vessels and 144/168 vessels of the portal venous (PV) circulation were unambiguously identified. No correlation with the MELD score was found. Eight of 148 vessels of the PV circulation demonstrated reverse (hepatofugal) flow. Hepatofugal flow in small tributaries to PV flow were present in three cases despite hepatopetal flow in the PV.Conclusion:This feasibility study demonstrates the feasibility of PC‐VIPR for simultaneous morphological and hemodynamic assessment of the hepatic and splanchnic vasculature in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Future studies with quantitative analyses are warranted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic identification of landmarks for standard slice positioning in brain MRI
Authors: Iskurt Ali , Becerikli Yasar , Mahmutyazicioglu Kamran 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate a novel automatic slice‐positioning technique based on three new anatomical landmarks and to standardize prospective scans by lowering rotational and translational variances.Materials and Methods:After defining the interpeduncular fossa corner and the eyeball centers as landmarks, they are manually labeled on 25 different T1 MRI scans. New scans are produced according to the Eyeball centers–Mesencephalon (EM) plane. The comparison of angular deviations at EM and original scans is based on the comparison of rotational angles according to manually labeled Talairach points on both scans. The same variability comparison is also done with automatically captured landmarks to see the effects of segmentation errors.Results:Analysis of variances proved significant lowering of intersubject variability for pitch and yaw angles (Ppitch < 0.005, Pyaw < 0.001), which are the two basic causes of misalignments. Automatic segmentation accuracy is proved by paired t‐test and significance tests.Conclusion:A new field of view and slice orientation proposed by the EM technique will have fixed the follow‐up scans by significantly lowering the rotational and translational variances. The EM technique will precisely match the intrasubject scans and produce better standardized intersubject scans. The distinguishing features of landmarks are sufficient for robust automatic capture. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atlantic surface water inflow to the Nordic seas during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (mid–late Younger Dryas and Pre‐Boreal periods, 12 450–10 000 a BP)
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Thomsen Erik , Nielsen Tove , Wastegård Stefan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe inflow of Atlantic Water to the Nordic seas from mid–late Younger Dryas to earliest Holocene (12 450–10 000 a BP) is reconstructed on the basis of a high‐resolution core (LINK14) from 346 m water depth on the east Faroe shelf. We have analysed the distribution of planktic and benthic foraminifera, stable isotopes and ice‐rafted debris (IRD), and calculated absolute temperatures and salinities by transfer functions. During the investigated time period there was almost continuous inflow of Atlantic Water to the Nordic seas. Deposition of IRD during the mid–late Younger Dryas and Pre‐Boreal coolings indicates the presence of melting icebergs and that summer sea surface temperatures were low. The east–west temperature gradient across the Faroe–Shetland Channel was much steeper than today. The cold conditions around the Faroe Islands are attributed to stronger East Greenland and East Icelandic currents than at present. The near‐continuous inflow of Atlantic Water is consistent with published evidence suggesting that deep convection took place in the Nordic seas, although the convection sites probably had shifted to a more easterly position than at present. Around the time of deposition of the Saksunarvatn Tephra c. 10 350 a BP, sea surface temperatures increased to the present level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast: Perspectives on biology and controversies in current management
Authors: Schmale Isaac , Liu Stephen , Rayhanabad Jessica , Russell Christy A. , Sener Stephen F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased because of increasing use of sensitive imaging modalities. MRI is commonly used for the detection of breast cancer but has not yet been validated in randomized trials. There have not been randomized trials addressing optimal margins of excision or axillary sampling. Whole breast radiation after lumpectomy decreases the risk of recurrence but may be omitted in selected patients. Adjuvant Tamoxifen reduces the risk of recurrence but has no impact on overall survival rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:212–220. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative serum thyroglobulin concentration is an independent predictive factor of malignancy in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland
Authors: Petric Rok , Perhavec Andraz , Gazic Barbara , Besic Nikola 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundA distinction between a benign follicular neoplasm (FN) and a malignant FN based entirely on cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is not possible. The aim of this retrospective study was to find predictive factors of carcinoma in patients with FN.MethodsA chart review of 388 patients (314 females, 74 males; mean age 50 years, range 9–81 years) with FN, who were surgically treated between 1988 and 2009, was performed. Predictive factors for malignancy were identified by the chi‐squared test and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe histopathological diagnoses were carcinoma, adenoma, and benign goiter in 127 (33%), 126 (32%), and 135 (35%) patients, respectively. The independent predictors of malignancy as shown by multivariate logistic regression were age of patients (OR 1.88, P = 0.008), solitary tumor (OR 1.72, P = 0.037), and Tg concentration (OR 2.36, P = 0.001). Carcinoma was more common in patients younger than 45 years, with solitary tumor and with preoperative serum Tg concentration more than 400 ng/ml.ConclusionsThe independent predictors of malignancy in FN were age of patients, solitary tumor, and preoperative Tg concentration. The determination of Tg concentration may be useful in the patients with FN in order to decrease the number of completion thyroidectomies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:351–356. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visceral obesity is associated with outcomes of total mesorectal excision for rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ballian Nikiforos , Lubner Meghan G. , Munoz Alejandro , Harms Bruce A. , Heise Charles P. , Foley Eugene F. , Kennedy Gregory D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGeneral obesity, measured by the body mass index (BMI), increases the technical difficulty of total mesorectal excision (TME) but does not affect oncologic outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare visceral and general obesity as predictors of outcomes of TME for rectal adenocarcinoma.MethodsAdult patients undergoing TME for rectal adenocarcinoma were retrospectively identified. Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to measure abdominal circumference (AC), visceral (VFA), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA). BMI, AC, VFA, SFA, total fat area (TFA, sum of VFA and SFA), and VFA/SFA ratio were examined for association with operative, postoperative, oncologic, and survival outcomes in a univariate analysis model.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2009, 113 patients met inclusion criteria. Increasing VFA and VFA/SFA ratio were associated with reduced lymph node retrieval (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009, respectively). The association between increasing VFA/SFA ratio with delayed resumption of oral intake (P = 0.05) and prolonged overall survival (P = 0.003) were also significant. Increasing BMI was associated with improved overall (P = 0.02) but not disease‐free survival (P = 0.14).ConclusionVisceral obesity, measured by VFA/SFA ratio, is a better predictor of postoperative, oncologic, and survival outcomes after TME for rectal adenocarcinoma than general obesity measured by the BMI. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:365–370. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐treatment with ginsenoside Rh2 and betulinic acid synergistically induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in association with enhanced capsase‐8 activation, bax translocation, and cytochrome c release
Authors: Li Qing , Li Yang , Wang Xiaoyu , Fang Xuexun , He Kan , Guo Xiaoxi , Zhan Zhuo , Sun Chao , Jin Ying‐Hua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe provide evidence for the first time, that two natural compounds ginsenoside Rh2 (G‐Rh2) and betulinic acid (Bet A) synergistically induce apoptosis in human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human lung cancer A549, and human hepatoma HepG2 cells. G‐Rh2 and Bet A cooperated to induce Bax traslocation to mitochondria and cytochrome c release. Co‐treatment of G‐Rh2 and Bet A resulted in enhanced cleavage of caspase‐8 and Bid. Moreover, specific inhibition of caspase‐8 by siRNA technology effectively reduced caspase‐9 processing, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, caspase‐3 activation, and apoptosis in co‐treated cells, which indicated that the caspase‐8 feedback amplification pathway may have been involved in the apoptosis process. A previous study has shown that G‐Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis via a Bcl‐2 and/or Bcl‐xL‐independent mechanism, and Bet A induces apoptosis mainly through a mitochondrial pathway with tumor specificity. Since the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL are frequently overexpressed in human cancer cells, combined treatment with G‐Rh2 and Bet A may be a novel strategy to enhance efficacy of anticancer therapy. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpretation of QSAR Models Based on Random Forest Methods
Authors: Kuz'min Victor E. , Polishchuk Pavel G. , Artemenko Anatoly G. , Andronati Sergey A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new algorithm for the interpretation of Random Forest models has been developed. It allows to calculate the contribution of each descriptor to the calculated property value. In case of the simplex representation of a molecular structure, contributions of individual atoms can be calculated, and thus it becomes possible to estimate the influence of separate molecular fragments on the investigated property. Such information can be used for the design of new compounds with a predefined property value. The proposed measure of descriptor contributions is not an alternative to the importance of Breiman’s variable, but it characterizes the contribution of a particular explanatory variable to the calculated response value.
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Stress Marker Development in the Hand
Authors: Cashmore L. A. , Zakrzewski S. R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe analysis of musculoskeletal stress marker (MSM) development is a commonly employed tool in osteological surveys and is used to infer patterns of occupational activity and societal organisation in archaeological populations. Although the majority of research into upper limb MSMs has focused on the bones of the arm, the bones of the hand have been conspicuous by their absence. This is likely to be due to methodological issues surrounding the study of hand bones and a presumed lack of variation in MSM development in this area. To date, there have been no systematic studies investigating the presence and variation in MSM morphology for the muscles of the human hand. To address this issue, a presence/absence scoring system was developed for twelve sites of muscle origin and insertion in the metacarpals and phalanges, which was used to determine bilateral asymmetry in the hands of 31 individuals from the Naval Hospital Cemetery site in Greenwich, London. Analysis found observable variation in MSM development between and within the hands, which could be used to determine patterns of asymmetry within the sample. Comparisons with MSM scores from the humeri of these individuals indicate a differentiation in MSM development and asymmetry between these anatomical regions. Levels of asymmetry in the hands and humeri were generally low, with only the dorsal interossei displaying statistically significant asymmetry. Subsequent upper limb MSM research will benefit from the inclusion of data from the hands. These results do not support the continued use of the humerus as a proxy for MSM expression across the upper limb as a whole and suggest that important information regarding behavioural asymmetry in the hands is being lost because of the continual exclusion of this anatomical unit from MSM research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thorn Lesions in a Modern Osteological Collection of Guanaco (Lama guanicoe): A New Paleoenviromental Proxy and Its Implications for Archaeofaunal Assemblages
Authors: Rafuse D. J. , Kaufmann C. A. , Flensborg G. A. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a detailed analysis of thorn lesions found in lower limb elements of a modern osteological collection of guanaco (Lama guanicoe). Four types of lesions were recorded: (1) thorns visible on the bone surface, (2) bony reaction with relief, (3) small negative scars and (4) medium negative scars. The methods used to recognise, record and quantify these lesions are presented. As a result, 35 of the 36 individuals analyzed contained one or more types of lesions. The highest concentrations of lesions were recorded on the anterior view of the metacarpal shafts. All the age ranges were affected by lesions; however, individuals between the ages of 1 and 3 years were the most affected, whereas those between the ages of 0 and 1 year contained the least amount of lesions. To provide examples of how thorn lesions can be identified and used as a paleoenvironmental proxy in the fossil record, we analyzed two archaeological sites from different phytogeographic provinces: Bajo de la Quinta (Monte phytogeographic province) and Calera (Pampa phytogeographic province). Results found that 25% of the elements from the Bajo de la Quinta site contained lesions, whereas none of the elements from the Calera site showed evidence of lesions. When detectable in the fossil record, thorn lesions can provide an indirect approximation of the paleoenvironment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinspired core‐crosslinked micelles from thymine‐functionalized amphiphilic block copolymers: Hydrogen bonding and photo‐crosslinking study
Authors: Kaur Gagan , Chang Shery L. Y. , Bell Toby D. M. , Hearn Milton T. W. , Saito Kei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBioinspired core‐bound polymeric micelles, based on hydrogen bonding and photo‐crosslinking, of thymine have been prepared from poly(vinylbenzylthymine)‐b‐poly(vinylbenzyltriethylammonium chloride). The amphiphilic block copolymer was synthesized by 2,2‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐mediated living radical polymerization in water/ethylene glycol solution. Micelle characterization and critical micelle concentration measurements demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding of the attached thymine units stabilizes the micelles. Further, core‐crosslinked polymeric micelles were formed by ultraviolet (UV) radiation showing that the stability of the micelle could be controlled by the UV crosslinking of the attached thymines. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Telephone peer support for women with gynaecological cancer: recipients' perspectives
Authors: Pistrang Nancy , Jay Zara , Gessler Sue , Barker Chris 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivePeer support is much valued by cancer patients. Previous research has focused on support groups, typically for women with breast cancer; little has addressed one‐to‐one support. This qualitative study examined a telephone‐delivered one‐to‐one peer support intervention for women with gynaecological cancer, focusing on recipients' experiences of process and outcome.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 women recently treated for gynaecological cancer who had received peer support for up to a 3‐month period. Transcripts were analysed thematically using the ‘Framework’ approach.ResultsSix key components of the peer support process were identified: an emotional bond, empathy, talking openly, reciprocity, information and guidance, and humour. Their importance was highlighted by cases in which they were absent or problematic. Participants described several benefits, for example hope and confidence, making sense of the illness experience and rebuilding one's life. However, one‐third reported limited or no benefits, although there was no evidence of adverse outcomes.ConclusionsOne‐to‐one telephone peer support shares common features with support groups but is uniquely dependent on an effective working relationship between the support provider and recipient. Peer support can address the disease‐ and treatment‐specific concerns of women with gynaecological cancer, as well as the adaptive tasks of recovery faced by cancer survivors. Further research needs to examine who is more or less likely to benefit from one‐to‐one peer support and which parameters of the intervention, such as duration and matching, influence its effectiveness. Patient‐relevant outcomes should be included in future controlled trials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with attrition from a randomized controlled trial of meaning‐centered group psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Pessin Hayley A. , Radomski Julia N. , Simay Gökbayrak N. , Katz Aviva M. , Rosenfeld Barry , Breitbart William 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe generalizability of palliative care intervention research is often limited by high rates of study attrition. This study examined factors associated with attrition from a randomized controlled trial comparing meaning‐centered group psychotherapy (MCGP), an intervention designed to help advanced cancer patients sustain or enhance their sense of meaning to the supportive group psychotherapy (SGP), a standardized support group.MethodsPatients with advanced solid tumor cancers (n = 153) were randomized to eight sessions of either the MCGP or SGP. They completed assessments of psychosocial, spiritual, and physical well‐being pretreatment, midtreatment, and 2 months post‐treatment. Attrition was assessed in terms of the percent of participants who failed to complete these assessments, and demographic, psychiatric, medical, and study‐related correlates of attrition were examined for the participants in each of these categories.ResultsThe rates of attrition at these time points were 28.1%, 17.7%, and 11.1%, respectively; 43.1% of the participants (66 of 153) completed the entire study. The most common reason for dropout was patients feeling too ill. Attrition rates did not vary significantly between study arms. The participants who dropped out pretreatment reported less financial concerns than post‐treatment dropouts, and the participants who dropped out of the study midtreatment had poorer physical health than treatment completers. There were no other significant associations between attrition and any demographic, medical, psychiatric, or study‐related variables.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the challenge of maintaining advanced cancer patients in longitudinal research and suggest the need to consider alternative approaches (e.g., telemedicine) for patients who might benefit from group interventions but are too ill to travel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Systemic and Dermal Toxicity and Dermal Photoprotection by Sour Cherry Kernels
Authors: Bak Istvan , Czompa Attila , Csepanyi Evelin , Juhasz Bela , Kalantari Heibatullah , Najm Khadija , Aghel Nasreen , Varga Balazs , Haines David D. , Tosaki Arpad 
Published: July 2011

The present report describes outcomes of animal studies conducted to determine the systemic and dermal toxicity of Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) seed kernel contents; and a separate evaluation of the photoprotective capacity of the kernel oil fraction. B6 mice and Hartley guinea‐pigs were used for these experiments. Dosage groups of 6–8 animals were administered whole kernel meal in a dose range of 0–3000 mg/kg by gavage for 8 days, following which they were killed. The liver and kidney weights were recorded and histological examination performed on sections of these organs. Kidney function was assessed as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and liver function by measurement of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase.Dermal toxicity was evaluated in a Hartley guinea‐pig model by comparing UVB‐irradiated shaved skin to which the kernel oil had been applied with distilled water controls.In conclusion, no evidence of toxicity was observed to result from the consumption or dermal application of sour cherry seed kernel in the dose range at which it is likely to be used in foods or healthcare. Moreover, it was shown to have a powerful capacity to protect skin from UV damage. These results suggest it will prove to be a highly safe and effective addition to a wide range of products for general use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.