bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference and Disclosure of Fetal Gender to Pregnant Women during Prenatal Ultrasonography in South South Nigeria
Authors: Maduka NR , Nnoli US 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ultrasound scan (USS) in pregnancy has become a common diagnostic tool used in the assessment of pregnancy in recent time. In the course of routine pregnancy assessment using USS, some pregnant women will request to know the sex of their unborn babies. Their reasons for wanting to know the gender of their baby could be either for social reason like planning for an unborn child or their desire for a preferred gender.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate gender preferences and disclosure of foetal sex at prenatal USS.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the antenatal clinic of Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 235 consecutive consenting women who came for antenatal care (ANC) registration were recruited for the study after obtaining their informed written consent. Questionnaire was used to seek for their sociodemographic characteristics, preference and desires for foetal gender disclosure, reasons for gender disclosure, and awareness of USS accuracy for gender determination.

Results:
The desire to know the sex of baby was high (99.6%). The major reason for wanting to know the sex of baby was to plan for the unborn child (47.7%) and maternal curiosity (37.0%). Majority of the women (57.4%) had no gender preference. Sixty percent (60%) were not aware that USS sex diagnosis could be wrong.

Conclusion:
There is a strong desire by pregnant women to know the sex of their babies at routine USS. Considering the fact that many of the women were not aware that there could be wrong diagnosis at prenatal ultrasound, it is suggested that adequate counselling be given before fetal sex disclosure.
Orbital compartment syndrome after pterional craniotomy for arachnoid cyst resection
Authors: Santana Bruno Silveira , Schmidt Luiz Paulo Bastos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Orbital Compartment Syndrome (OCS) represents a critical medical emergency characterized by heightened orbital pressure, jeopardizing blood flow and posing a risk to the optic nerve. Often stemming from surgical procedures such as craniotomies for arachnoid cyst resection, OCS necessitates swift diagnosis and intervention. We report the case of a 77-year-old female in São Paulo, Brazil, who underwent left pterional craniotomy for arachnoid cyst resection. Postoperatively, she manifested reduced visual acuity in the left eye, restricted ocular movement, and peripalpebral hematoma indicative of orbital compression syndrome. Computed tomography scans confirmed pneumocephalus and pneumo-orbital complications, prompting an immediate diagnosis of OCS. Immediate interventions, including lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, were employed, resulting in successful decompression and substantial symptom improvement within a 10-day period. This case underscores the significance of preoperative imaging, prompt diagnostic measures, and collaborative postoperative care in managing orbital complications following neurosurgery.
Bilateral Pulmonary Sequestration – A Rare Entity
Authors: Joseph Bindhu , Akshaya K. T. , Nair Reshmi S. , Raju Reyma Sara , Mini J. , Ravi Ajay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is a congenital anomaly within the spectrum of abnormalities that can affect the normal development of airways, lung parenchyma, and vasculature. It accounts for up to 6.4% of all congenital pulmonary malformations. Sequestrated lung is a nonfunctioning mass of lung tissue that lacks communication with the tracheobronchial tree and is supplied by systemic arterial circulation. Pulmonary sequestration is usually a unilateral disease, bilateral pulmonary sequestration is a rare entity. Herein we present the case of a 26year old female, evaluated for cough with expectoration, hemoptysis and loss of weight, whose radiology suggestive of bilateral bronchopulmonary sequestration.
The Effect of a Program of Aerobic Exercises on some Physical and Psychological Variables of Female Secondary Stage Students
Authors: Orabi Samira Mohammad , Bayyat Manal M. , Yousef Eman Jaber , Abu- Muili Zainab H. 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of the aerobic exercises program on body mass index and body circumferences (arm, chest, abdomen, hip, thigh) as a body variable, and on the level of self-esteem and sports activity attitudes as a psychological variable among female secondary stage students. The sample of the study consisted of (10) secondary stage students at Tiberias secondary school for girls in the city of Irbid in Jordan, and the experimental method was used. The implementation of the training program took a period of (8) weeks, three units per week for a period of (60-40) minutes per unit. The self-esteem scale developed by (Zayed, 2011), and the sports activity attitudes scale, which was developed by (Zayed, 2011), in addition to the two scales of mass and perimeters of the body, were employed for the pre-post measurement. Statistical treatments were calculated) arithmetic means, standard deviations, and Wilcoxon test (. The results showed a positive, statistically significant effect of the aerobic exercise program on both the level of self-esteem and sport activity attitudes in favor of post-measurement, in both body mass index and some of body circumferences. The study recommended applying the aerobic exercise program proposed in this study to the students of the basic classes, to support the school activity on an ongoing basis.
The Degree of Practicing of Organizational Optimism for the Public Basic School Principals in Jordan Based on the Theory of Leading with Joy and Happiness
Authors: Alabsi Ayah Thiab , Al-Sarhan Khaled Ali 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing organizational optimism for the puplic basic school principals in Jordan based on the theory of leading with joy and happiness. The study was applied on a random sample consisting of (377) teachers, and used the descriptive survey methodology. For data gathering, a (37- item) questionnaire has been developed, consisted of (7) domains: (The Authentic behavior, humility, love others, optimism, having a vision, live in reality, team service) and reliability the validity of tool was affirmed.
The results of the study showed that the degree of practicing of the organizational optimism for the public basic school principals was moderate, and all the domains were at moderate level. Also showed that there were no significant differences according to the variables: gender, years of experience, and educational qualification at the total degree, and for all domains.
The Effect of Training Program Based on Instructional Practices According to the (NCTM) Standards on Improving the Pedagogical Knowledge among Mathematics Teachers in Jordan
Authors: Al-Sa’ad Saif J. , Al-Zoebi Ali M. 
Published: April 2024

The current study aims at revealing the effect of a training program based on teaching practices according to NCTM standards in improving the pedagogical knowledge of mathematics teachers. The study followed the semi- experimental method. To achieve the aims of the research, a training program that is based on the standards of NCTM was designed.
The program consists of eight packages which are (Establish mathematics goals to focus learning, implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving, Use and connect mathematical representations, facilitate meaningful mathematical discourse, pose purposeful questions, build procedural FLuency from conceptual understanding, support productive struggle in learning mathematics, Elicit and use evidence of student thinking). After confirming the validity of the tool, a sample of (20) male and female teachers from Deir Ala Directorate of Education in the academic year 2020-2021.To reveal the effectiveness of the program, a test in pedagogical knowledge was prepared.
The test consists of six respects which are identification of mathematics content, the pedagogical knowledge of the mathematical content and knowing students' thinking. The test validity and reliability were checked.
The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between measuring averages in the post application of the test. These results were pro- sample in all dimensions and in the total degree. Depending on these results, the study asserted the necessity for the training department in the Jordanian Ministry of Education to benefit from the suggested and used program in the study to focus more on the teaching practices.
A Mathematical Model of an Electoral Process and Predicting of Outcome
Authors: Azuaba Emmanuel , Ahiaba Abraham Augustine , Lois Joseph Folake , Olagunju Adeyemi Sunday , Akanji Ayodele , Ohwadua Emmanuel Obaro , Adeyemo Oluwatoyin Adelakun 
Published: April 2024

We developed and analysed a mathematical model to study the dynamics of an electoral process and predict the outcome in Nigeria with three political parties as major actors. We model the ruling party (P1); major opposition party (P2) and minority opposition parties (P3). The model includes party campaigners of the three political parties and a class of eligible voters. The model also incorporates the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), electoral observers, judiciary, security personnel and thugs. The influx of voters into the system is determined by the registration rate of voter cards. The model’s interest lies in the measure of positive influence that the party campaigners who eligible voters to join their party. With this, the model mirrors election’s outcome and the movement of voters between the three groups of political parties involved. The model has proven that the pattern of election’s outcome for each political party is affected by the defection of party members and lack of policy consistency. We determine the equilibria analytically and discuss the stability of the system. Numerical simulations are graphed in combination with curve fitting to compare each party’s performances over the years. The result shows that no political party remains in power steadily from 2007 to 2019. Thus, the prediction of elections outcome to the political space of any region in Nigeria depends on political party structures and voters’ decisions.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Konsep Geometri Datar dan Ruang pada Pakaian Adat Suku Dayal Kenyah
Authors: Abbas Abdul Basir , Muhtadin Achmad , Jalung Krismarlina 
Published: April 2024

Matematika dan Budaya adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Etnomatematika hadir untuk menjembatani antara matematika dan budaya khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pembelajaran matematika kontekstual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep geometri datar dan ruang yang terdapat pada pakaian Adat Suku Dayak Kenyah. Tempat penelitian di Desa Pampang Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pakaian adat dan aksisoris suku dayak kenyah, sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep geometri datar dan ruang pada bentuk dan motif pakaian adat suku dayak kenyah. Data dikumpulkan melalui Studi literatur mengenai pakaian adat suku dayak kenyah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh lalu dianalisis dan dikelompokkan sesuai dengan konsep geometri datar dan ruang Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pakaian adat suku dayak Kenyah Desa Pampang terdapat konsep geometri datar dan ruang, meliputi (1) garis sejajar pada Baheng; (2) Persegi pada Tabit; (3) persegi panjang pada Tabit, Kelempit, dan Ta’a; (4) Segitiga Siku-siku pada Tabit dan Kelempit; (5) Segitiga Sama kaki pada Besunung; (6) Trapesium Sama Kaki pada Besunung, Tabit, dan Kelempit; (7) Belah Ketupat pada Kelempit, Seleng, dan Anting; (8) Lingkaran pada Kelempit, Sapai, Tapung, Sabau, dan Seleng; (9) Prisma Segitiga pada Kelempit; dan (10) Tabung pada Baheng. Namun pada penelitian ini tidak menemukan konsep geomeri datar dan ruang pada pakaian adat Bluko, Uleng, dan Kirip.
Meta Analisis Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nur Muhammad Awal 
Published: April 2024

Banyaknya penelitian terdahulu terkait pengaruh model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika memberikan informasi dampak yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian ini adalah meta-analisis dengan menganalisis 22 artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran efek gabungan adalah d = 1,07; p < 0,01. Ukurun efek berdasarkan jenjang kelas adalah Qb =2,70 ; p > 0,05, berdasarkan wilayah adalah Qb = 24,669; p < 0,05, berdasarkan ukuran sampel adalah Qb = 0,072 ; p > 0,05, berdasarkan tahun publikasi adalah Qb = 1,764; p > 0,05. Kesimpulan: Model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Pengaruh model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning dibandingkan dengan pengajaran langsung terhadap hasil belajar matematika berbeda menurut kelompok wilayah. Sedangkan kelompok jenjang kelas, ukuran Sampel dan tahun publikasi tidak berbeda.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of tourmaline: protocols, procedures, and predicaments
Authors: McMillan Nancy J. , Dutrow Barbara L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an appropriate choice of analytical tool for analysis of complex minerals because it is rapid, requires little sample preparation, and acquires major and trace element compositional information on all naturally occurring elements at concentrations above their intrinsic levels of detection for the specific analyte material. Tourmaline, a complex borosilicate mineral supergroup, was chosen as a test mineral due to the complexity of its major and minor element composition. Four analytical issues were investigated during project development: (1) the spacing between analytical laser shots to avoid analysis of the recast from previous laser ablations, (2) the efficacy of using a cleaning shot prior to data acquisition, (3) the number of ablations required to collect an average spectrum that is representative of the tourmaline sample, and (4) the effect of spectrometer drift on principal component analysis (PCA) when using the entire LIBS spectra to model the compositional variations within the sample suite. The minimum spacing between locations of analysis was determined to be 800 µm for the analytical conditions used in this study by examining spectra acquired in a 2×2 grid across a quartz–tourmaline boundary. At a spacing of 100 µm, twice the diameter of the laser beam, the intensity of the boron I peaks at 249.68 and 249.77 nm was very low in the first location (quartz) but quite high in the fourth location (quartz) due to deposition of tourmaline-composition recast by laser shots in the second and third locations (both on tourmaline). Increasing the distance between locations to 800 µm ensured that the area analyzed largely avoided the recast layer from previous ablations. Given that the distribution of recast was taken into account, no cleaning shots were collected. PCA score plots calculated using successively larger numbers of spectra from the same sample show that a total of 64 spots, or 16 2×2 grids, are needed to acquire a representative average analysis of tourmaline. Spectrometer drift was recognized in PCA loading plots by a characteristic splitting of element peaks; half the peak indicates positive loading and the other half of the peak indicates negative loading. Drift correction was aligned by placing the Ca II peak at 393.34 nm in the 393.398 bin; this correction eliminated split peaks in loading plots. The resolution of these issues yielded LIBS spectra suitable for multivariate statistical analysis that can be applied to understanding geologic processes. These results contribute to the application of rapid LIBS analysis of complex geomaterials.
Global 1 km land surface parameters for kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
Authors: Li Lingcheng , Bisht Gautam , Hao Dalei , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (“k-scale”). However, the surface parameters for land surface models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse-resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1 km land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31 % to 54 % of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSM and ESM modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. The 1 km land surface parameters are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10815170 (Li et al., 2024).
Modeling water balance components of conifer species using the Noah-MP model in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Amini Fasakhodi Mohsen , Djuma Hakan , Sofokleous Ioannis , Eliades Marinos , Bruggeman Adriana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Few studies have investigated the performance of land surface models for semi-arid Mediterranean forests. This study aims to parameterize and test the performance of the Noah-MP land surface model for an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. To this end, we modeled the water balance components of two conifer species, Pinus brutia, and Cupressus sempervirens, in a plantation forest on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The study area has a long-term average annual rainfall of 315 mm. Observations from 4 sap flow and 48 soil moisture sensors, for the period from December 2020 to June 2022, were used for model parameterization. A local sensitivity analysis found that the surface infiltration (REFKDT), hydraulic conductivity (SATDK), and stomatal resistance (RSMIN) parameters had the highest impacts on the soil water balance components and transpiration. The model performed better during the wetter 9-month validation period (379 mm rain) than during the drier 10-month calibration period (175 mm rain). Average soil moisture in the top 60-cm of the soil profile was reasonably well captured for both species (daily NSE > 0.70 for validation). Among the three soil layers, the second layer (20–40 cm) showed better simulation performance during both periods and for both species. The model exhibited limitations in simulating transpiration, particularly during the drier calibration period. Inclusion of a root distribution function in the model, along with the monitoring of soil moisture below the 60-cm soil depth in the field, could improve the accuracy of model simulations in such water-limited ecosystems.
Evaluation of debris-flow building damage forecasts
Authors: Barnhart Katherine R. , Miller Christopher R. , Rengers Francis K. , Kean Jason W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Reliable forecasts of building damage due to debris flows may provide situational awareness and guide land and emergency management decisions. Application of debris-flow runout models to generate such forecasts requires combining hazard intensity predictions with fragility functions that link hazard intensity with building damage. In this study, we evaluated the performance of building damage forecasts for the 9 January 2018 Montecito postfire debris-flow runout event, in which over 500 buildings were damaged. We constructed forecasts using either peak debris-flow depth or momentum flux as the hazard intensity measure and applied each approach using three debris-flow runout models (RAMMS, FLO-2D, and D-Claw). Generated forecasts were based on averaging multiple simulations that sampled a range of debris-flow volume and mobility, reflecting typical sources and magnitude of pre-event uncertainty. We found that only forecasts made with momentum flux and the D-Claw model could correctly predict the observed number of damaged buildings and the spatial patterns of building damage. However, the best forecast only predicted 50 % of the observed damaged buildings correctly and had coherent spatial patterns of incorrectly predicted building damage (i.e., false positives and false negatives). These results indicate that forecasts made at the building level reliably reflect the spatial pattern of damage but do not support interpretation at the individual building level. We found the event size strongly influences the number of damaged buildings and the spatial pattern of debris-flow depth and velocity. Consequently, future research on the link between precipitation and the volume of sediment mobilized may have the greatest effect on reducing uncertainty in building damage forecasts. Finally, because we found that both depth and velocity are needed to predict building damage, comparing debris-flow models against spatially distributed observations of building damage is a more stringent test for model fidelity than comparison against the extent of debris-flow runout.