bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Miocene magmatic activity in the Attic-Cycladic Belt of the Aegean (Lavrion, SE Attica, Greece): implications for the geodynamic evolution and timing of ore deposition
Authors: LIATI ANTHI , SKARPELIS NIKOS , PE-PIPER GEORGIA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNumerous post-metamorphic Miocene granitoids occur in the area of Lavrion, SE Attica, at the western end of the Attic-Cycladic Belt of the Aegean. U–Pb ion microprobe-dating (SHRIMP) of zircon from a granitoid sill in the hanging-wall of a regional detachment fault reveals two distinct ages: (1) 11.93 ± 0.41 Ma, obtained from inherited zircon cores with metamorphic characteristics (homogeneous cathodoluminescence, low Th/U ratios) and granulite-type (round/resorbed) morphology. This age is interpreted as the time of a likely granulite-facies metamorphism of the precursor rock. (2) 8.34 ± 0.20 Ma, obtained by oscillatory zoned zircon domains with cathodoluminescence and Th/U characteristics typical for magmatic origin. This age is interpreted as the crystallization time of the granitoid sills. Although a granulite-facies metamorphic event has not been recognized so far for rocks of the Attic-Cycladic Belt, it seems to be the most plausible hypothesis to explain both the zircon systematics and age results. This hypothesis is consistent with an extensional regime predominating in the Aegean from Late Miocene times onwards. A possible granulite-facies metamorphism can be related to magmatic underplating at the initial stages of extension, setting an upper age ofc.12 Ma for the operation of the detachment fault. The 8.34 ± 0.20 Ma zircon crystallization age is, statistically, marginally different to a previous K–Ar feldspar date of hornblende-bearing dykes (9.4 ± 0.3 Ma) and identical to a 8.27 ± 0.11 Ma K–Ar biotite date of the main granitoid stock in the area, thus being generally consistent with prior age constraints from the region. Operation of the detachment fault in the Lavrion area is therefore bracketed betweenc.11.9 Ma and at least 8.3 Ma. This time range is in line with the time of operation of detachment faults suggested previously for the Cycladic islands. Carbonate-hosted replacement-type massive sulphide Pb–Zn–Ag ores are spatially associated with the detachment fault and related extensional structures in the Basal Unit. Therefore, these Pb–Zn–Ag ores probably also formed within the above time span ofc.11.9 to at least 8.3 Ma. U–Pb ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating of zircon from an orthogneiss within the metaclastic subunit of the Basal Unit in Lavrion yielded a protolith age of 240 ±4 Ma, consistent with ages of Triassic volcanism elsewhere in Greece.
Courts Without Borders: Domestic Sources of U.S. Extraterritoriality in the Regulatory Sphere
Authors: Putnam Tonya L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRegulating private transactions across international boundaries has long posed a challenge to states. Extraterritoriality—the direct regulation of persons and conduct outside a state's borders—is an increasingly common mechanism by which strong states attempt to manage problems associated with transnational activities. This article seeks to account for variation across issues in the willingness of U.S. courts to regulate extraterritorially by focusing on the potential for external conduct to undermine domestic legal rules. It suggests further how attention to domestic-level regulatory processes, with particular focus on the role of private actors, can shed new light on transnational rulemaking and enforcement.
Large Selmer groups over number fields
Authors: BARTEL ALEX 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLetpbe a prime number andMa quadratic number field,M≠ ℚ() ifp≡ 1 mod 4. We will prove that for any positive integerdthere exists a Galois extensionF/ℚ with Galois groupD2pand an elliptic curveE/ℚ such thatFcontainsMand thep-Selmer group ofE/Fhas size at leastpd.
Structural basis of transport of lysophospholipids by human serum albumin
Authors: Guo Shihui , Shi Xiaoli , Yang Feng , Chen Liqing , Meehan Edward J. , Bian Chuanbing , Huang Mingdong 
Published: July 2009

Lysophospholipids play important roles in cellular signal transduction and are implicated in many biological processes, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunity, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cancer and neuronal survival. The intracellular transport of lysophospholipids is through FA (fatty acid)-binding protein. Lysophospholipids are also found in the extracellular space. However, the transport mechanism of lysophospholipids in the extracellular space is unknown. HSA (human serum albumin) is the most abundant carrier protein in blood plasma and plays an important role in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. In the present study, LPE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine) was used as the ligand to analyse the interaction of lysophospholipids with HSA by fluorescence quenching and crystallography. Fluorescence measurement showed that LPE binds to HSA with a Kd (dissociation constant) of 5.6 μM. The presence of FA (myristate) decreases this binding affinity (Kd of 12.9 μM). Moreover, we determined the crystal structure of HSA in complex with both myristate and LPE and showed that LPE binds at Sudlow site I located in subdomain IIA. LPE occupies two of the three subsites in Sudlow site I, with the LPE acyl chain occupying the hydrophobic bottom of Sudlow site I and the polar head group located at Sudlow site I entrance region pointing to the solvent. This orientation of LPE in HSA suggests that HSA is capable of accommodating other lysophospholipids and phospholipids. The study provides structural information on HSA–lysophospholipid interaction and may facilitate our understanding of the transport and distribution of lysophospholipids.
Medicare Private Practice for SLPs
Authors: Kander Mark 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In July 2008, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (MIPPA) of 2008 (2008) was passed. This Act included a provision that will allow speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in private practice to bill the Medicare program beginning July 1, 2009. Applications for enrollment will be accepted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) starting June 2, 2009.
Expertomica metabolite profiling: getting more information from LC-MS using the stochastic systems approach
Authors: Urban Jan , Vaněk Jan , Soukup Jiří , Štys Dalibor 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Mass spectrometers are sophisticated, fine instruments which are essential in a variety applications. However, the data they produce are usually interpreted in a rather primitive way, without considering the accuracy of this data and the potential errors in identifying peaks. Our new approach corrects this situation by dividing the LC-MS output into three components: (i) signature of the analyte, (ii) random noise and (iii) systemic noise. The systemic noise is related to the instrument and to the particular experiment; its characteristics change in time and depend on the analyzed substance. Working with these components allows us to quantify the probability of peak errors and, at the same time, to retrieve some peaks which get lost in the noise when using the existing methods. Our software tool, Expertomica metabolite profiling, automatically evaluates the given instrument, detects compounds and calculates the probability of individual peaks. It does not need any artificial user-defined parameters or thresholds.
Availability: MATLAB scripts with a simple graphical user interface are free to download from http://sourceforge.net/projects/expertomica-eda/. The software reads data exported by most Thermo and Agilent spectrometers, and it can also read the more general JCAMP-DX ASCII format. Other formats will be supported on request, assuming that the user can provide representative data samples.
Contact: urban@greentech.cz
PIQA: pipeline for Illumina G1 genome analyzer data quality assessment
Authors: Martínez-Alcántara A. , Ballesteros E. , Feng C. , Rojas M. , Koshinsky H. , Fofanov V. Y. , Havlak P. , Fofanov Y. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Summary: PIQA is a quality analysis pipeline designed to examine genomic reads produced by Next Generation Sequencing technology (Illumina G1 Genome Analyzer). A short statistical summary, as well as tile-by-tile and cycle-by-cycle graphical representation of clusters density, quality scores and nucleotide frequencies allow easy identification of various technical problems including defective tiles, mistakes in sample/library preparations and abnormalities in the frequencies of appearance of sequenced genomic reads. PIQA is written in the R statistical programming language and is compatible with bustard, fastq and scarf Illumina G1 Genome Analyzer data formats.
Availability: The PIQA pipeline, installation instructions and examples are available at the supplementary web site (http://bioinfo.uh.edu/PIQA).
Contact: yfofanov@bioinfo.uh.edu
Two Seven-Transmembrane Domain MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O Proteins Cofunction inArabidopsisRoot Thigmomorphogenesis
Authors: Chen Zhongying , Noir Sandra , Kwaaitaal Mark , Hartmann H. Andreas , Wu Ming-Jing , Mudgil Yashwanti , Sukumar Poornima , Muday Gloria , Panstruga Ralph , Jones Alan M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDirectional root expansion is governed by nutrient gradients, positive gravitropism and hydrotropism, negative phototropism and thigmotropism, as well as endogenous oscillations in the growth trajectory (circumnutation). Null mutations in phylogenetically related Arabidopsis thaliana genes MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 4 (MLO4) and MLO11, encoding heptahelical, plasma membrane–localized proteins predominantly expressed in the root tip, result in aberrant root thigmomorphogenesis. mlo4 and mlo11 mutant plants show anisotropic, chiral root expansion manifesting as tightly curled root patterns upon contact with solid surfaces. The defect in mlo4 and mlo11 mutants is nonadditive and dependent on light and nutrients. Genetic epistasis experiments demonstrate that the mutant phenotype is independently modulated by the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Analysis of expressed chimeric MLO4/MLO2 proteins revealed that the C-terminal domain of MLO4 is necessary but not sufficient for MLO4 action in root thigmomorphogenesis. The expression of the auxin efflux carrier fusion, PIN1-green fluorescent protein, the pattern of auxin-induced gene expression, and acropetal as well as basipetal auxin transport are altered at the root tip of mlo4 mutant seedlings. Moreover, addition of auxin transport inhibitors or the loss of EIR1/AGR1/PIN2 function abolishes root curling of mlo4, mlo11, and wild-type seedlings. These results demonstrate that the exaggerated root curling phenotypes of the mlo4 and mlo11 mutants depend on auxin gradients and suggest that MLO4 and MLO11 cofunction as modulators of touch-induced root tropism.
Reactivation of an Inactive Centromere Reveals Epigenetic and Structural Components for Centromere Specification in Maize
Authors: Han Fangpu , Gao Zhi , Birchler James A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStable maize (Zea mays) chromosomes were recovered from an unstable dicentric containing large and small versions of the B chromosome centromere. In the stable chromosome, the smaller centromere had become inactivated. This inactive centromere can be inherited from one generation to the next attached to the active version and loses all known cytological and molecular properties of active centromeres. When separated from the active centromere by intrachromosomal recombination, the inactive centromere can be reactivated. The reactivated centromere regains the molecular attributes of activity in anaphase I of meiosis. When two copies of the dicentric chromosome with one active and one inactive centromere are present, homologous chromosome pairing reduces the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination and thus decreases, but does not eliminate, the reactivation of inactive centromeres. These findings indicate an epigenetic component to centromere specification in that centromere inactivation can be directed by joining two centromeres in opposition. These findings also indicate a structural aspect to centromere specification revealed by the gain of activity at the site of the previously inactive sequences.
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense-Mediated Decay Proteins UPF2 and UPF3 Are Enriched in theArabidopsisNucleolus
Authors: Kim Sang Hyon , Koroleva Olga A. , Lewandowska Dominika , Pendle Ali F. , Clark Gillian P. , Simpson Craig G. , Shaw Peter J. , Brown John W.S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe eukaryotic nucleolus is multifunctional and involved in the metabolism and assembly of many different RNAs and ribonucleoprotein particles as well as in cellular functions, such as cell division and transcriptional silencing in plants. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana exon junction complex proteins associate with the nucleolus, suggesting a role for the nucleolus in mRNA production. Here, we report that the plant nucleolus contains mRNAs, including fully spliced, aberrantly spliced, and single exon gene transcripts. Aberrant mRNAs are much more abundant in nucleolar fractions, while fully spliced products are more abundant in nucleoplasmic fractions. The majority of the aberrant transcripts contain premature termination codons and have characteristics of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) substrates. A direct link between NMD and the nucleolus is shown by increased levels of the same aberrant transcripts in both the nucleolus and in Up-frameshift (upf) mutants impaired in NMD. In addition, the NMD factors UPF3 and UPF2 localize to the nucleolus, suggesting that the Arabidopsis nucleolus is therefore involved in identifying aberrant mRNAs and NMD.
An application of dynamic homology to morphological characters: direct optimization of setae sequences and phylogeny of the family Odontellidae (Poduromorpha, Collembola)
Authors: Agolin Mikaël , D’Haese Cyrille A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe concept of character and the definition of the attribute are two major theoretical issues of phylogenetics. Lately, great progress has been made in the conceptual development of attributes as historical individuals undergoing series of transformations. While operational application of this ideographic concept of character has been possible since the publication of the direct optimization algorithm and POY software, it has been restricted to molecular characters only. The present paper proposes the first application of direct optimization to morphological characters, in the case study of the phylogeny of Odontellidae. This new homology regime is compared to the traditional homology scheme. The theoretical and operational limitations of the application of direct optimization to morphological characters are discussed. Some thoughts on the basics of its generalization to all morphological characters analyzed in a dynamic homology phylogenetic framework are given.  © The Willi Hennig Society 2009;.
An anatomic basis for the communication of hypothalamic, cortical and mesolimbic circuitry in the regulation of energy balance
Authors: Kampe J. , Tschöp M.H. , Hollis J.H. , Oldfield Brian J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCentral neural control of complex feeding behaviour is likely to be influenced by a number of factors including homeostatic responses to peripheral nutrient status, cortical integration of feeding‐related cues and the underlying reward value of food. We have used retrogradely transported neurotropic viruses, as tools to map chains of synaptically‐connected neurons, in conjunction with neurochemical markers of feeding‐related peptides to expand the blueprint of the circuitries that underlie these different components of feeding behaviour. We have identified projections to insular and anterior cingulate cortex, extending from the arcuate nucleus through synaptic relays in the lateral hypothalamic area and midline thalamic nuclei. Cortically projecting neurons from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were found predominantly in its lateral aspects and contained anorexigenic peptides with no representation amongst more medially‐positioned neurons containing orexigenic peptides. Largely overlapping pathways were shown to project multisynaptically to the shell of the nucleus accumbens but those with origins in the arcuate nucleus had either orexigenic or anorexigenic phenotypes. Similar to the cortical projections, those relaying to the nucleus accumbens in the lateral hypothalamus contained the orexigenic peptides orexin‐A and melanin‐concentrating hormone in ∼30% of cases. Common to the neural pathways directed to all three virally‐injected areas were nodes of synaptic relays in the lateral hypothalamus and midline thalamic nuclei. These regions are well positioned to integrate sensory information about energy homeostasis and the reward value of food in the passage of this information to the ‘ingestive cortex’.
Implicit and explicit categorization of speech sounds – dissociating behavioural and neurophysiological data
Authors: Bien Heidrun , Lagemann Lothar , Dobel Christian , Zwitserlood Pienie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring speech perception, sound is mapped onto abstract phonological categories. Assimilation of place or manner of articulation in connected speech challenges this categorization. Does assimilation result in categorizations that need to be corrected later on, or does the system get it right immediately? Participants were presented with isolated nasals (/m/ labial, /n/ alveolar, and /n’/ assimilated towards labial place of articulation), extracted from naturally produced German utterances. Behavioural two‐alternative forced‐choice tasks showed that participants could correctly categorize the /n/s and /m/s. The assimilated nasals were predominantly categorized as /m/, indicative of a perceived change in place. A pitch variation additively influenced the categorizations. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we analysed the N100m elicited by the same stimuli without a categorization task. In sharp contrast to the behavioural data, this early, automatic brain response ignored the assimilation in the surface form and reflected the underlying category. As shown by distributed source modelling, phonemic differences were processed exclusively left‐laterally (temporally and parietally), whereas the pitch variation was processed in temporal regions bilaterally. In conclusion, explicit categorization draws attention to the surface form – to the changed place and acoustic information. The N100m reflects automatic categorization, which exploits any hint of an underlying feature.
Mu opioid receptor modulation of somatodendritic dopamine overflow: GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms
Authors: Chefer V. I. , Denoroy L. , Zapata A. , Shippenberg T. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMu opioid receptor (MOR) regulation of somatodendritic dopamine neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was investigated using conventional microdialysis in freely moving rats and mice. Reverse dialysis of the MOR agonist DAMGO (50 and 100 μm) into the VTA of rats produced a concentration‐dependent increase in dialysate dopamine concentrations. Basal dopamine overflow in the VTA was unaltered in mice lacking the MOR gene. However, basal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) overflow in these animals was significantly increased, whereas glutamate overflow was decreased. Intra‐VTA perfusion of DAMGO into wild‐type (WT) mice increased dopamine overflow. GABA concentrations were decreased, whereas glutamate concentrations in the VTA were unaltered. Consistent with the loss of MOR, no effect of DAMGO was observed in MOR knockout (KO) mice. These data provide the first direct demonstration of tonically active MOR systems in the VTA that regulate basal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in this region. We hypothesize that increased GABAergic neurotransmission following constitutive deletion of MOR is due to the elimination of a tonic inhibitory influence of MOR on GABAergic neurons in the VTA, whereas decreased glutamatergic neurotransmission in MOR KO mice is a consequence of intensified GABA tone on glutamatergic neurons and/or terminals. As a consequence, somatodendritic dopamine release is unaltered. Furthermore, MOR KO mice do not exhibit the positive correlation between basal dopamine levels and the glutamate/GABA ratio observed in WT mice. Together, our findings indicate a critical role of VTA MOR in maintaining an intricate balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to dopaminergic neurons.
Attention – oscillations and neuropharmacology
Authors: Deco Gustavo , Thiele Alexander 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAttention is a rich psychological and neurobiological construct that influences almost all aspects of cognitive behaviour. It enables enhanced processing of behaviourally relevant stimuli at the expense of irrelevant stimuli. At the cellular level, rhythmic synchronization at local and long‐range spatial scales complements the attention‐induced firing rate changes of neurons. The former is hypothesized to enable efficient communication between neuronal ensembles tuned to spatial and featural aspects of the attended stimulus. Recent modelling studies suggest that the rhythmic synchronization in the gamma range may be mediated by a fine balance between N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate postsynaptic currents, whereas other studies have highlighted the possible contribution of the neuromodulator acetylcholine. This review summarizes some recent modelling and experimental studies investigating mechanisms of attention in sensory areas and discusses possibilities of how glutamatergic and cholinergic systems could contribute to increased processing abilities at the cellular and network level during states of top‐down attention.
Transient role of the rat prelimbic cortex in goal‐directed behaviour
Authors: Tran‐Tu‐Yen Delphine A. S. , Marchand Alain R. , Pape Jean‐Rémi , Di Scala Georges , Coutureau Etienne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLesion studies show that goal‐directed actions mediated by action‐outcome (A‐O) associations and habits mediated by stimulus‐response (S‐R) associations can be dissociated during instrumental training, with the prelimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex being involved in the former and the infralimbic region in the latter. The present work further investigates the role of the prelimbic region in acquisition vs. expression of goal‐directed instrumental behaviour, using reversible neuronal inactivation and outcome devaluation procedures. In a first experiment, inactivating the prelimbic cortex at the time of testing did not alter the sensitivity to devaluation, indicating that this region was not essential for the expression of A‐O associations. In a second experiment, the prelimbic cortex was inactivated throughout the training phase. At the time of testing the performance was insensitive to devaluation, indicating that the acquired response was not goal‐directed but mediated by an S‐R association. These data challenge the view that the habit system replaces the goal‐directed system as training progresses. They show that the prelimbic cortex plays a transient but crucial role in the acquisition of goal‐directed responding and that the A‐O and S‐R systems can operate in a competitive fashion early in training.