bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavity expansion analyses of crushable granular materials with state‐dependent dilatancy
Authors: Jiang M. J. , Sun Y. G. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYCrushability is one of the important behaviors of granular materials particularly under high stress states, and affects both the deformability and strength of the materials that are in essence associated with state‐dependent dilatancy. In this presentation, first, a new critical state model is proposed to take into account the three different modes of compressive deformation of crushable granular materials, i.e. particle rearrangement, particle crushing and pseudo‐elastic deformation. Second, the governing equations for cavity expansion in crushable granulates are introduced, in which the state‐dependent dilatancy as well as the bounding surface plasticity model are used. Then, the procedure to obtain semi‐analytical solutions to cavity expansion in the material is described in detail, in which a commercial differential equation solver is employed. Finally, cavity expansion analyses are carried out on Toyoura sand, a well‐documented granular material, to demonstrate the effects of crushability and state‐dependent dilatancy. The study shows that particle crushing does occur at both high stress and critical states and affects the stress fields and the deformation behavior of the material surrounding the cavity in association with state‐dependent dilatancy. This leads to conclusion that particle crushing and state‐dependent dilatancy have to be taken into account when cavity expansion theory is used to interpret cone penetration tests and pressuremeter tests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of periodic fluctuations of micro‐polar boundary conditions on shear localizations in granular soil–structure interaction
Authors: Ebrahimian Babak , Noorzad Asadollah , Alsaleh Mustafa I. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, the interface behavior between an infinite extended narrow granular layer and a rough surface of rigid body is investigated numerically, using finite element method in the updated Lagrangian (UL) frame. In this regard, the elasto‐plastic micro‐polar (Cosserat) continuum approach is employed to remove the limitations caused by strain‐softening of materials in the classical continuum. The mechanical properties of cohesionless granular soil are described with Lade's model enhanced by polar terms, including Cosserat rotations, curvatures, and couple stresses. Furthermore, the mean grain diameter as the internal length is incorporated into the constitutive relations accordingly. Here, the evolution and location of shear band, within the granular layer in contact with the rigid body, are mainly focused. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the effects of homogeneous distribution and periodic fluctuation of micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. Correspondingly, the effects of pressure level, mean grain diameter, and stratified soil are also considered. The finite element results demonstrate that the location and evolution of shear band in the granular soil layer are strongly affected by the non‐uniform micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. It is found that the shear band is located closer to the boundary with less restriction of grain rotations. Furthermore, the predicted thickness of shear band is larger for higher rotation resistance of soil grains along the interface, larger mean grain diameter, and higher vertical pressure. Regarding the stratified soil, comprising a thin layer with slightly different initial void ratio, the shear band moves towards the layer with initially higher void ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible patch post‐processing recovery strategies for solution enhancement and adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Carey Varis , Carey Graham F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study considers local post‐processing strategies on contiguous patches of cells (or elements) and the properties and applications of the resulting approximations. For instance, one is interested in accuracy of recovered gradients and in their use in constructing error estimators or error indicators for adaptivity. Hence, there are two distinct concepts: (1) The improved quality of recovered gradients on a local patch; and/or (2) the use of local recovered quantities to construct error indicators to guide adaptive refinement schemes. We present a framework generalizing existing strategies for averaging operators and discuss the advantages of this framework in a parallel computing environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress update algorithm for the combined viscoplastic and plastic behaviours of single‐crystal superalloys
Authors: Kindrachuk Vitaliy , Fedelich Bernard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA crystallographic constitutive model is developed, which accounts for both rate‐sensitive and rate‐insensitive flow. Single‐crystal plasticity and viscoplasticity are the limiting cases of the model, so that it properly reflects the material response over a wide temperature range. A non‐linear dynamic recovery is included to properly describe ratchetting. We provide a robust integration scheme based on generalization of the return‐mapping algorithm and of the procedure for active set search.The implicit integration and consistent tangent are implemented through the UMAT subroutine in the ABAQUS finite element program. The capability of the model to account for both high and low strain rates is demonstrated in numerical examples. Finally, the stability of integration scheme and quadratic convergence of the global Newton–Raphson equilibrium iterations are demonstrated on the example of a notched bar under tension. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liposarcoma in children and young adults: A multi‐institutional experience
Authors: Huh Winston W. , Yuen Carrie , Munsell Mark , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Lazar Alexander J. , Patel Shreyaskumar , Wang Wei‐Lien , Barahmani Nadia , Okcu M. Fatih , Hicks John , Debelenko Larisa , Spunt Sheri L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data regarding the differences in clinical presentation and outcome of liposarcomas between adult and pediatric patients. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the treatment of childhood liposarcoma is unclear.ProcedureA multi‐institutional retrospective analysis of medical records was performed for patients ≤21 years of age presenting with a verified histologic diagnosis of liposarcoma.ResultsThirty‐three patients were evaluable for this study, 23 of whom were male. Median age was 17.2 years. Twenty‐four cases were myxoid subtype and 7 were pleomorphic subtype. In myxoid cases, 17 (71%) presented with extremity tumors; none had metastases. Eleven of these patients with myxoid subtype were treated with surgery only, seven with surgery + radiation, three with surgery + radiation + chemotherapy. Median radiation therapy dose for patients with myxoid tumors was 60 Gy. At median follow‐up of 4.2 years (range 0.1–32.2 years), two patients relapsed with one death from progressive disease. In seven pleomorphic cases, four patients had primary tumors at central axial sites. Six patients (86%) received multimodal therapy, but six patients experienced relapse of disease. Four patients died from progressive disease.ConclusionsPediatric liposarcoma has a different spectrum of presentation compared to adult cases. Myxoid liposarcoma is the more common subtype, usually occurs in extremities, and has an excellent prognosis. Pleomorphic liposarcoma occurs in axial sites, and despite multimodal therapy, outcome is poor. Further study is needed to identify the optimal therapy for pediatric liposarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1142–1146. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment and complications of thalassemia major in Guangxi, Southern China
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Lin , Wu Zhi‐Kui , He Yuan‐Yuan , Zhou Tian‐Hong , Zhou Ya‐Li , Zhang Xin Hua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundβ‐Thalassemia is extremely prevalent in Guangxi province, Southern China. However, little is known about the treatment and complications of patients with thalassemia major (TM) in Guangxi. The first thalassemia center in China was opened in Guangxi in 2003. Since that time, more than 400 patients have been enrolled.ProcedureFrom December 2009 to February 2010, data was collected from TM patients visiting the thalassemia center including the circumstances of diagnosis, biological and clinical data, markers of iron overload and treatment.ResultsData on 231 patients (median age, 5 years; range, 5 months to 21 years) were recorded. Only 44.6% of patients maintained their hemoglobin levels >9.0 g/dl. In 186 patients with ferritin levels >1,000 ng/ml, an iron chelator was used regularly in 44.6%, irregularly in 26.9%, and was not used in 28.5%. The mean serum ferritin level was 3,143 ng/ml and levels increased with age. Height and weight retardation were found in 48.3% and 11.1% patients, respectively. Compared to patients treated outside of the center, patients completing treatment in the thalassemia center had a higher hemoglobin level before transfusion, higher height and weight SD score, and less splenomegaly, but a similar ratio of regular or irregular iron chelation. Six (18.2%) of 33 patients >10 years of age (14.3 ± 2.8 years; range, 11–19 years) were diagnosed as hypothyroid.ConclusionsAlthough survival status of patients with TM in Guangxi has improved since the opening of the thalassemia center, TM complications remain high and with an early onset. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1174–1178. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peptide identification quality control
Authors: Vaudel Marc , Burkhart Julia M. , Sickmann Albert , Martens Lennart , Zahedi René P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIdentification of large proteomics data sets is routinely performed using sophisticated software tools called search engines. Yet despite the importance of the identification process, its configuration and execution is often performed according to established lab habits, and is mostly unsupervised by detailed quality control. In order to establish easily obtainable quality control criteria that can be broadly applied to the identification process, we here introduce several simple quality control methods. An unbiased quality control of identification parameters will be conducted using target/decoy searches providing significant improvement over identification standards. MASCOT identifications were for instance increased by 13% at a constant level of confidence. The target/decoy approach can however not be universally applied. We therefore also quality control the application of this strategy itself, providing useful and intuitive metrics for evaluating the precision and robustness of the obtained false discovery rate.
A proteomic approach to analysing spheroid formation of two human thyroid cell lines cultured on a random positioning machine
Authors: Pietsch Jessica , Sickmann Albert , Weber Gerhard , Bauer Johann , Egli Marcel , Wildgruber Robert , Infanger Manfred , Grimm Daniela 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe human cell lines FTC‐133 and CGTH W‐1, both derived from patients with thyroid cancer, assemble to form different types of spheroids when cultured on a random positioning machine. In order to obtain a possible explanation for their distinguishable aggregation behaviour under equal culturing conditions, we evaluated a proteomic analysis emphasising cytoskeletal and membrane‐associated proteins. For this analysis, we treated the cells by ultrasound, which freed up some of the proteins into the supernatant but left some attached to the cell fragments. Both types of proteins were further separated by free‐flow IEF and SDS gel electrophoresis until their identity was determined by MS. The MS data revealed differences between the two cell lines with regard to various structural proteins such as vimentin, tubulins and actin. Interestingly, integrin α‐5 chains, myosin‐10 and filamin B were only found in FTC‐133 cells, while collagen was only detected in CGTH W‐1 cells. These analyses suggest that FTC‐133 cells express surface proteins that bind fibronectin, strengthening the three‐dimensional cell cohesion.
A new versatile peptide‐based size exclusion chromatography platform for global profiling and quantitation of candidate biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma specimens
Authors: Lee Hyoung‐Joo , Na Keun , Kwon Min‐Seok , Park Taesung , Kim Kyung Sik , Kim Hoguen , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDisease biomarkers are predicted to be in low abundance; thus, the most crucial step of biomarker discovery is the efficient fractionation of clinical samples into protein sets that define disease stages and/or predict disease development. For this purpose, we developed a new platform that uses peptide‐based size exclusion chromatography (pep‐SEC) to quantify disease biomarker candidates. This new platform has many advantages over previously described biomarker profiling platforms, including short run time, high resolution, and good reproducibility, which make it suitable for large‐scale analysis. We combined this platform with isotope labeling and label‐free methods to identify and quantitate differentially expressed proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. When we combined pep‐SEC with a gas phase fractionation method, which broadens precursor ion selection, the protein coverage was significantly increased, which is critical for the global profiling of HCC specimens. Furthermore, pep‐SEC‐LC‐MS/MS analysis enhanced the detection of low‐abundance proteins (e.g. insulin receptor substrate 2 and carboxylesterase 1) and glycopeptides in HCC plasma. Thus, our pep‐SEC platform is an efficient and versatile pre‐fractionation system for the large‐scale profiling and quantitation of candidate biomarkers in complex disease proteomes.
A systematic analysis of the effects of increasing degrees of serum immunodepletion in terms of depth of coverage and other key aspects in top‐down and bottom‐up proteomic analyses
Authors: Smith Matthew P. Welberry , Wood Steven L. , Zougman Alexandre , Ho Jenny T. C. , Peng Jianhe , Jackson David , Cairns David A. , Lewington Andrew J. P. , Selby Peter J. , Banks Rosamonde E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImmunodepletion of clinical fluids to overcome the dominance by a few very abundant proteins has been explored but studies are few, commonly examining only limited aspects with one analytical platform. We have systematically compared immunodepletion of 6, 14, or 20 proteins using serum from renal transplant patients, analysing reproducibility, depth of coverage, efficiency, and specificity using 2‐D DIGE (‘top‐down’) and LC‐MS/MS (‘bottom‐up’). A progressive increase in protein number (≥2 unique peptides) was found from 159 in unfractionated serum to 301 following 20 protein depletion using a relatively high‐throughput 1‐D‐LC‐MS/MS approach, including known biomarkers and moderate–lower abundance proteins such as NGAL and cytokine/growth factor receptors. On the contrary, readout by 2‐D DIGE demonstrated good reproducibility of immunodepletion, but additional proteins seen tended to be isoforms of existing proteins. Depletion of 14 or 20 proteins followed by LC‐MS/MS showed excellent reproducibility of proteins detected and a significant overlap between columns. Using label‐free analysis, greater run‐to‐run variability was seen with the Prot20 column compared with the MARS14 column (median %CVs of 30.9 versus 18.2%, respectively) and a corresponding wider precision profile for the Prot20. These results illustrate the potential of immunodepletion followed by 1‐D nano‐LC‐LTQ Orbitrap Velos analysis in a moderate through‐put biomarker discovery process.
Differential glomerular proteome analysis of two murine nephropathy models at onset of albuminuria
Authors: Blutke Andreas , Block Carolin , Berendt Frank , Herbach Nadja , Kemter Elisabeth , Amann Kerstin , Fröhlich Thomas , Arnold Georg J. , Wanke Ruediger 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: Early stages of various entities of progressive kidney diseases are commonly characterized by development of glomerular hypertrophy and albuminuria. The purpose of the present study was to identify protein biomarker candidates for these glomerular alterations.Experimental design: Quantitative differences in the glomerular proteomes of two unrelated murine nephropathy models in the defined stage of glomerular hypertrophy at onset of albuminuria were identified by 2‐D DIGE and MALDI‐TOF/TOF analysis. Investigated mouse models were (I): transgenic (tg) mice expressing a dominant negative glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPRdn), a model of diabetes mellitus associated nephropathy and (II): growth hormone (GH)‐tg mice, an established model of progressive glomerulosclerosis.Results: In GIPRdn‐tg mice, nine differentially abundant glomerular proteins were unambiguously identified, and eight in GH‐tg mice (each versus controls). Four proteins (Annexin A4, Dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein 2, Myosin regulatory light chain 2, Tropomyosin 1) displayed a congeneric differential glomerular abundance in both models, thus representing a common differential protein expression profile of glomerular hypertrophy at onset of albuminuria. The glomerular presence of these proteins was also detected in specimen of human focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy.Conclusions and clinical relevance: Our findings suggest a pathogenetic relevance of the identified proteins in early stages of chronic kidney diseases and their potential use as diagnostic markers.
Urinary proteomics in cardiovascular disease: Achievements, limits and hopes
Authors: Delles Christian , Diez Javier , Dominiczak Anna F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Diagnosis of CVD and risk stratification of patients with CVD remains challenging despite the availability of a wealth of non‐invasive and invasive tests. Clinical proteomics analyses a large number of peptides and proteins in biofluids. For clinical applications, the urinary proteome appears particularly attractive due to the relative low complexity compared with the plasma proteome and the noninvasive collection of urine. In this article, we review the results from pilot studies into urinary proteomics of coronary artery disease and discuss the potential of urinary proteomics in the context of pathogenesis of CVD.
Using the ISA 84/HAZOP/LOPA procedure to design a safety instrumented system for a fumed silica burner
Authors: Vaughen Bruce K. , Mudd Jeffry O. , Pierce Bryan E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA Cabot team used the ISA 84‐2004 (IEC61511‐1) standard to evaluate the safety instrumented system (SIS) for an existing fumed silica burner and made practical design changes to reduce the control‐related process safety risks. Prior subjective layers of protection reviews and poor definitions for “tolerable risk” had resulted in assigning unreasonably high and impractical safety integrity levels (SIL) on safety critical interlocks. The Team turned to the ISA 84‐approved layers of protection analysis (LOPA) procedure and found it to be a more realistic and a less subjective risk evaluation that resulted in a practical, defensible process safety system design. The Team's procedure focused on the following steps within the SIS life cycle:
Perform a hazard and operability (HAZOP) process hazards analysis (PHA),
Use PHA/HAZOP software to generate LOPA spreadsheets,
Populate the LOPA spreadsheets for each risk scenario and compare the risk levels to the corporate risk matrix,
Design an SIS/SIL to bridge the risk gaps identified using the LOPA, and
Implement and document the changes.
After completing the PHA/LOPA/tolerable risk matrix analysis (Steps 1–3), two scenarios were identified where the process safety risk was marginal and required design improvements. However, the Team struggled with Step 4, the SIS/SIL design, and progress essentially stopped. The Team's key learning, overcoming this roadblock, focused on locating a Certified Functional Safety Expert to complete and verify the SIS/SIL design integrity. Once Step 4 was completed, the Team implemented both identified SIS design improvements (Step 5), reducing the inherent control‐related process safety risks with a practical solution. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Insecticide‐tolerant and plant‐growth‐promoting Rhizobium improves the growth of lentil (Lens esculentus) in insecticide‐stressed soils
Authors: Ahemad Munees , Khan Mohammad S 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Application of insecticides in modern agriculture in order to enhance legume production has led to their accumulation in soils to levels that adversely affect soil microflora such as rhizobia and exert a negative impact on the physiological activities associated with them. This study was therefore designed to identify rhizobial strains expressing higher tolerance to insecticides fipronil and pyriproxyfen and synthesising plant growth regulators even amid insecticide stress.RESULTS: The fipronil‐ and pyriproxyfen‐tolerant Rhizobium sp. strain MRL3 produced plant‐growth‐promoting substances in substantial amounts, both in the presence and in the absence of the insecticides. In general, both insecticides at recommended and higher rates reduced plant dry biomass, symbiotic properties, nutrient uptake and seed yield of lentil plants. Interestingly, when applied with any concentration of the two insecticides, Rhizobium sp. strain MRL3 significantly increased the measured parameters compared with plants grown in soils treated solely with the same concentration of each insecticide but without inoculant.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Rhizobium strain MRL3 may be exploited as a bioinoculant to augment the efficiency of lentil exposed to insecticide‐stressed soils. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Polarized Raman spectroscopy clarifies the effect of crystal anisotropy on elastic stress fields developed on the surface of silicon single‐crystal
Authors: Porporati Alessandro Alan , Pezzotti Giuseppe 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe performed polarized/confocal Raman microprobe measurements in order to visualize the effects of crystallographic orientation and anisotropic volume changes on the elastic stress field developed in single‐crystalline silicon upon impinging its surface with a pyramidal indenter. A theoretical analysis of multiaxial stress‐induced phonon scatter was applied and an improved equation proposed for rationalizing the residual (elastic) stress field stored around an indentation print after load removal. The analysis enabled us to attach a physical meaning to an empirical constant (i.e., the volumetric compaction factor), which was originally introduced by other authors for taking into account the effects of volumetric changes at the center of the indentation print. Such a constant has been introduced for highly compressible solids (e.g., some anomalous glasses), but it is found here to play an important role also in silicon. From a more general viewpoint, we clarify here how crystal anisotropy can play a fundamental role in the residual stress fields stored on silicon surfaces.
LiNbO3 thin film for A1 mode of Lamb wave resonators
Authors: Kadota Michio , Ogami Takashi , Yamamoto Kansho , Tochishita Hikari 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCurrently, a high frequency device more than 3 GHz is required. High frequency resonators with resonant frequencies of 4.5 and 6.3 GHz were fabricated by utilizing an anti‐symmetric first mode (A1) of a Lamb wave having a high velocity consisting of a thin LiNbO3 film deposited by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. By measuring polarities of their LiNbO3 films, it was clarified that the thinner film had a large mixture of +c and −c domains, and the occupation ratio of main polarity influenced their frequency characteristics.