bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXORDIUM-LIKE1 Promotes Growth during Low Carbon Availability in Arabidopsis
Authors: Schröder Florian , Lisso Janina , Müssig Carsten 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLittle is known about genes that control growth and development under low carbon (C) availability. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) EXORDIUM-LIKE1 (EXL1) gene (At1g35140) was identified as a brassinosteroid-regulated gene in a previous study. We show here that the EXL1 protein is required for adaptation to C- and energy-limiting growth conditions. In-depth analysis of EXL1 transcript levels under various environmental conditions indicated that EXL1 expression is controlled by the C and energy status. Sugar starvation, extended night, and anoxia stress induced EXL1 gene expression. The C status also determined EXL1 protein levels. These results suggested that EXL1 is involved in the C-starvation response. Phenotypic changes of an exl1 loss-of-function mutant became evident only under corresponding experimental conditions. The mutant showed diminished biomass production in a short-day/low-light growth regime, impaired survival during extended night, and impaired survival of anoxia stress. Basic metabolic processes and signaling pathways are presumed to be barely impaired in exl1, because the mutant showed wild-type levels of major sugars, and transcript levels of only a few genes such as QUA-QUINE STARCH were altered. Our data suggest that EXL1 is part of a regulatory pathway that controls growth and development when C and energy supply is poor.
Young adults’ management of Type 1 diabetes during life transitions
Authors: Rasmussen Bodil , Ward Glenn , Jenkins Alicia , King Susan J , Dunning Trisha 
Published: May 2011

Aim.  To identify life transitions likely to impact diabetes self‐care among young adults with Type 1 diabetes and their coping strategies during transition events.Background.  Relationships among psychosocial stress, adjustment, coping and metabolic control affect clinical outcomes and mental health. Life transitions represent major change and are associated with stress that temporarily affects individuals’ problem‐solving, coping abilities and blood glucose levels.Design.  A qualitative interpretive inquiry.Method.  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 young adults with Type 1 diabetes and a constant comparative analysis method. Data and analysis was managed using QSR© NVivo 7 software.Results.  Participants identified two significant transition groups: life development associated with adolescence, going through the education system, entering new relationships, motherhood and the workforce and relocating. Diabetes‐related transitions included being diagnosed, developing diabetes complications, commencing insulin pump treatment and going on diabetes camps. Participants managed transitions using ‘strategic thinking and planning’ with strategies of ‘self‐negotiation to minimise risks’; ‘managing diabetes using previous experiences’; ‘connecting with others with diabetes’; ‘actively seeing information to ‘patch’ knowledge gaps’; and ‘putting diabetes into perspective’.Conclusions.  Several strategies are used to manage diabetes during transitions. Thinking and planning strategically was integral to glycaemic control and managing transitions. The impact of transitions on diabetes needs to be explored in larger and longitudinal studies to identify concrete strategies that assist diabetes care during life transitions.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is important for health professionals to understand the emotional, social and cognitive factors operating during transitions to assist young adults with Type 1 diabetes to achieve good health outcomes by prioritising goals and plan flexible, timely, individualised and collaborative treatment.
Range‐wide population genetic structure of Symbiodinium associated with the Caribbean Sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina
Authors: ANDRAS JASON P. , KIRK NATHAN L. , DREW HARVELL C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNumerous marine invertebrates form endosymbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, yet few studies have examined the population structure of these symbionts. Here, we elucidate the population genetic structure of Symbiodinium harboured by the Caribbean octocoral Gorgonia ventalina throughout the entire range of the host. We used ten microsatellite loci to survey 35 localities spanning 3124 km across the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. Diversity of Symbiodinium haplotypes was low within colonies of G. ventalina but high among colonies. Despite high haplotypic diversity, significant evidence of clonal reproduction in Symbiodinium was detected, and most clones occurred within localities, not among them. Pairwise measures of FST illustrated significant differentiation in 98% of comparisons between localities, suggesting low levels of gene flow. Clustering analyses identified six genetic groups whose distribution delimited four broad biogeographic regions. There was evidence of some connectivity among regions, corresponding with known geographic and oceanographic features. Fine‐scale spatial surveys of G. ventalina colonies failed to detect differentiation among Symbiodinium at the metre scale. However, significant differentiation was observed among Symbiodinium hosted by sympatric G. ventalina colonies of different size/age classes. This cohort effect suggests that Symbiodinium may have an epidemic population structure, whereby G. ventalina recruits are infected by the locally predominant symbiont strain(s), which change over time.
Functional analysis of the Listeria monocytogenes secretion chaperone PrsA2 and its multiple contributions to bacterial virulence
Authors: Alonzo III Francis , Xayarath Bobbi , Whisstock James C. , Freitag Nancy E. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAs an organism that has evolved to live in environments ranging from soil to the cytosol of mammalian cells, Listeria monocytogenes must regulate the secretion and activity of protein products that promote survival within these habitats. The post‐translocation chaperone PrsA2 has been adapted to assist in the folding and activity of L. monocytogenes secreted proteins required for bacterial replication within host cells. Here we present the first structure/function investigation of the contributions of PrsA2 to protein secretion and activity as well as to bacterial virulence. Domain swap experiments with the closely related L. monocytogenes PrsA1 protein combined with targeted mutagenesis indicate distinct functional roles for the PrsA2 peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and the N‐ and C‐terminal domains in pathogenesis. In contrast to other PrsA‐like proteins described thus far in the literature, an absolute in vivo requirement for PrsA2 PPIase activity is evident in mouse infection models. This work illustrates the diversity of function associated with L. monocytogenes PrsA2 that serves to promote bacterial life within the infected host.
Pyroclastic density currents from Teide–Pico Viejo (Tenerife, Canary Islands): implications for hazard assessment
Authors: García Olaya , Martí Joan , Aguirre Gerardo , Geyer Adelina , Iribarren Ilazkiñe 
Published: May 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 220–224, 2011AbstractThe Teide–Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes constitute one of the major potentially active volcanic complexes in Europe but have traditionally been considered to be non‐explosive and not to represent a significant threat to the island of Tenerife. However, the reconstruction of their eruptive record is still far from complete, and better knowledge of their volcano‐stratigraphy and physical volcanology is required to undertake a comprehensive hazard assessment of these volcanoes. We conducted a detailed field investigation of the northern side of Teide–Pico Viejo, a poorly known area, and identified several deposits of explosive eruptions of phonolitic magmas. Herein we report for the first time the presence of density current deposits, including ignimbrites and block and ash deposits, in the Holocene eruptive history of the Teide–Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes. We discuss the characteristics of these deposits, their eruption mechanisms and their implications for hazard assessment at Teide–Pico Viejo.
Occupational exposure to laboratory animals causing a severe exacerbation of atopic eczema
Authors: Bhabha Friyana K , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA 24‐year‐old man with a long history of severe atopic eczema presented with a marked exacerbation requiring hospital admission. It emerged that his occupation as an animal house technician required him to work closely with laboratory animals, particularly mice and rats. Radioallergosorbent tests to mice allergens were markedly elevated. Avoidance of animal work, in conjunction with medical treatment, resulted in a marked improvement of his eczema.
Acetylcholine controls mouse oocyte maturation via downregulation of cAMP
Authors: Yoon Sook‐Young , Choe Changyong , Kim Eun‐Jin , Kim Chang‐Woon , Han Jaehee , Kang Dawon 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. In mice, acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in oocyte activation and embryonic development. However, the role of ACh in mouse oocyte maturation has not been investigated.2. In the present study, the effects of 100 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L ACh on maturation processes of murine germinal vesicle (GV) intact oocytes (GV oocytes) exposed to 10 and 100 μmol/L 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, were evaluated morphologically and immunologically. It has been shown that IBMX inhibits the resumption of meiosis by preventing cAMP breakdown.3. In the present study, at the start of in vitro culture 100% of oocytes were at the GV stage. After 18 h culture, 95 ± 3, 0 and 85.8 ± 10.2% of oocytes had passed the GV stage in the control, IBMX and IBMX + ACh groups, respectively. The IBMX‐induced inhibition of the maturation process was significantly attenuated by approximately 90% by ACh in groups treated with 10 μmol/L IBMX + 100 μmol/L ACh and 100 μmol/L IBMX + 1 mmol/L ACh. Although cAMP levels were high in oocytes treated with 100 μmol/L IBMX, levels were reduced in groups treated simultaneously with 100 μmol/L ACh. Furthermore, compared with mature oocytes, ACh‐treated GV oocytes exhibited significantly lower (by approximately 2.3‐fold) or absent Ca2+ peaks.4. The results of the present study indicate that maturation of GV oocytes, arrested by IBMX treatment, is resumed following ACh treatment and that this effect is due to downregulation of cAMP rather than changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels.
Decoupling of reproduction and growth: an unusual pattern in the life cycle of the Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus serotinus
Authors: MARQUES ISABEL , DRAPER DAVID 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe unpredictable seasonality of the Mediterranean climate imposes on the development of specific life‐cycle phenologies such as those seen in geophyte species that have a period of dormancy to avoid stressful abiotic conditions. To date, two life‐cycle strategies are recognized in Mediterranean geophytes. In some species, growth and reproduction occur in different seasons (hysteranthous geophytes), whereas in others these two processes occur at the same time (synanthous geophytes). A study of the life cycle of the autumnal‐flowering Narcissus serotinus in three populations over two consecutive years confirmed that neither the hysteranthy nor the synanthy strategy could be applied to this geophyte. Rather, reproduction and growth occur simultaneously, but in different plants. A strong correlation was found between bulb weight and the presence of reproductive or vegetative plants.
Effects of exercise treatment with or without heat and steam generating sheet on urine loss in community‐dwelling Japanese elderly women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Kim Hunkyung , Yoshida Hideyo , Suzuki Takao 
Published: May 2011

Aim:  To determine the effects of exercise treatment with or without heat and steam generating sheet (HSGS) on reducing urine loss in community‐dwelling elderly women with urinary incontinence (UI).Methods:  One hundred and forty‐seven community‐dwelling women aged 70 years and older with stress, urge and mixed UI were randomly assigned to exercise + HSGS (n = 37), exercise only (n = 37), HSGS only (n = 37) or an education group (n = 36). Exercise + HSGS, and exercise groups received exercise training twice a week for 3 months. When the HSGS was placed on the lower back, the temperature of the skin surface rose to 38–40°C and it continued to generate heat and steam for over 5 h. The HSGS group used one sheet per day continuously for 3 months. Urine loss and fitness data were collected at baseline and after intervention.Results:  The intervention groups showed significant improvements in muscle strength and walking speed compared to the education group. Exercise and HSGS showed urine loss cure rates of 54.1%, exercise 34.3% and HSGS 21.6% after treatment; whereas, the education group (2.9%) showed no significant improvement (χ2=21.89, P < 0.001). Combining the HSGS to the exercise intervention showed a 61.5% cure rate for stress UI, 50.0% urge UI and 40.0% mixed UI.Conclusion:  This data suggests that exercise treatment with HSGS is more effective for treating urine loss regardless of UI type. The HSGS can be used as a supplementary treatment method to enhance the effects of exercise on women with urge, mixed and stress UI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 452–459.
Definitions related to the use of pharmaceutical opioids: Extramedical use, diversion, non‐adherence and aberrant medication‐related behaviours
Authors: LARANCE BRIONY , DEGENHARDT LOUISA , LINTZERIS NICK , WINSTOCK ADAM , MATTICK RICHARD 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAims. This paper (i) reviews the language used to describe and manage those patient practices that fall outside standard medical models of opioid treatment (for pain and opioid dependence), and (ii) proposes a consistent terminology that can be applied across multiple healthcare settings. Method. Peer‐reviewed and grey literature documenting empirical studies of (non‐)adherence with opioid treatment, proposed definitions or other potentially important aspects of terminology were included in this review. Results. There are international inconsistencies in the terminology used to describe the unintended consequences of opioid treatment, and the terms used often lack specificity. The terms ‘hazardous use’, ‘extramedical use’, ‘opioid dependence’, ‘diversion’, ‘non‐adherence’ and ‘aberrant behaviours’ are defined. We advocate for consistent application of these terms in the context of opioid treatment, and propose that care is taken to describe individual practices and intentions. Conclusions. The increasing global attention on the use and diversion of pharmaceutical opioids warrants a discussion of current terms and definitions. Exaggerated concerns regarding ‘addiction potential’ may result in restrictions in the supply of opioids and the under‐treatment of legitimate medical conditions. Researchers, clinicians, policy‐makers and patients need to ensure greater care is given to terminology, including detailed descriptions of patient practices, the context in which they occur and severity of associated harm.[Larance B, Degenhardt L, Lintzeris N, Winstock A, Mattick R. Definitions related to the use of pharmaceutical opioids: Extramedical use, diversion, non‐adherence and aberrant medication‐related behaviours. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:236–245]
Comparison of whole blood and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in healthy dogs
Authors: Odunayo Adesola , Kerl Marie E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective –To determine the difference between colloid osmotic pressure (COP) values determined from plasma versus those determined from whole blood.Design –Prospective observational study.Settings –University veterinary teaching hospital.Animals –Fifty‐three healthy dogs.Interventions –None.Measurements and Main Results –Whole blood and plasma COP, CBC, plasma biochemistry. In all dogs, plasma COP values were significantly lower (P=0.02) than whole blood COP, with a mean of difference of 0.5 mm Hg. The mean and median whole blood COP was 21.75 and 21.4 mm Hg, respectively, with a range of 17.9–27.1 mm Hg. The mean and median plasma COP was 21.2 and 20.9 mm Hg with a range of 16.7–28.9 mm Hg.Conclusions –While significant difference exists between plasma and whole blood COP, the individual values are within expected reference intervals for dogs (21–25 mm Hg). Using either sample appears to provide the same information in clinically healthy dog; however, it is recommended that clinicians utilize the same sample type for comparison in an individual patient.
Emergency Department Operations Dictionary: Results of the Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit
Authors: Welch Shari J. , Stone‐Griffith Suzanne , Asplin Brent , Davidson Steven J. , Augustine James , Schuur Jeremiah D. ,   on behalf of The Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit and the Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance
Published: May 2011

Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18:539–544 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractThe public, payers, hospitals, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are demanding that emergency departments (EDs) measure and improve performance, but this cannot be done unless we define the terms used in ED operations. On February 24, 2010, 32 stakeholders from 13 professional organizations met in Salt Lake City, Utah, to standardize ED operations metrics and definitions, which are presented in this consensus paper. Emergency medicine (EM) experts attending the Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit reviewed, expanded, and updated key definitions for ED operations. Prior to the meeting, participants were provided with the definitions created at the first summit in 2006 and relevant documents from other organizations and asked to identify gaps and limitations in the original work. Those responses were used to devise a plan to revise and update the definitions. At the summit, attendees discussed and debated key terminology, and workgroups were created to draft a more comprehensive document. These results have been crafted into two reference documents, one for metrics and the operations dictionary presented here. The ED Operations Dictionary defines ED spaces, processes, patient populations, and new ED roles. Common definitions of key terms will improve the ability to compare ED operations research and practice and provide a common language for frontline practitioners, managers, and researchers.
Prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa in the Taiwanese population and relationship to the absence of molars
Authors: Shen E‐Chin , Fu Earl , Chiu Tsan‐Jen , Chang Virginia , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Tu Hsiao‐Pei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: Understanding the septum structure of the sinus is necessary for correct implant placement in the maxilla if sinus encroachment is required. The exact mechanism that controls septum development is unclear, although a role for the irregular pneumatization of the sinus floor following tooth loss has been suggested. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and location of sinus septa in the Taiwanese population and to determine whether there is a relationship between the presence of septa and the absence of molars.Materials and methods: Using computed tomography (CT) scans of sinuses obtained from 423 subjects (216 women and 207 men, mean age 53.65 years), septum morphology and its correlation with the presence of molars was examined.Results: About 30% of subjects (124/423) had sinus septa, corresponding to 20.45% of all sinus segments detected (173/846). Fifty‐nine patients had multiple septa, giving a prevalence of septa of 22.93%. Septa were located most frequently in the regions of the first and second molars. The prevalence was not related to tooth loss (edentulous, partially edentulous, or dentate maxillary segments). Logistic regression analysis showed that men were significantly more likely to have septa than were women (OR=1.67; P=0.019).Conclusions: In the 423 Taiwanese subjects tested, the prevalence of septum was 29.31% according to the subjects and 22.93% according to the sinus segments. The most frequent location of septa was in the region of the first and secondary molars. No correlation was observed between the presence of septa and the absence of molars.
Small Bites: star formation recipes in extreme dwarfs
Authors: Roychowdhury Sambit , Chengalur Jayaram N. , Kaisin Serafim S. , Begum Ayesha , Karachentsev Igor D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We study the relationship between the gas column density (ΣHi) and the star formation rate surface density (SSFR) for a sample of extremely small (MB∼-13, ΔV50∼ 30 km s-1) dwarf irregular galaxies. We find a clear stochasticity in the relation between the gas column density and star formation. All gas with ΣHi ≳ M⊙ pc-2 has some ongoing star formation, but the fraction of the gas with ongoing star formation decreases as the gas column density decreases and falls to about 50 per cent at ΣHi ∼ M⊙ pc-2. Further, even for the most dense gas, the star formation efficiency is at least a factor of ∼2 smaller than typical of star-forming regions in spirals. We also find that the ratio of Hα emission to far-ultraviolet emission increases with the increasing gas column density. This is unlikely to be due to increasing dust extinction because the required dust-to-gas ratios are too high. We suggest instead that this correlation arises because massive (i.e. Ha-producing) stars are formed preferentially in regions with high gas density.
Reduction of Pesticide Residues on Fresh Vegetables with Electrolyzed Water Treatment
Authors: Hao Jianxiong , Wuyundalai  , Liu Haijie , Chen Tianpeng , Zhou Yanxin , Su Yi‐Cheng , Li Lite 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  Degradation of the 3 pesticides (acephate, omethoate, and dimethyl dichloroviny phosphate [DDVP]) by electrolyzed water was investigated. These pesticides were commonly used as broad‐spectrum insecticides in pest control and high‐residual levels had been detected in vegetables. Our research showed that the electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (pH 2.3, available chlorine concentration:70 ppm, oxidation‐reduction potential [ORP]: 1170 mV) and the electrolyzed reducing (ER) water (pH 11.6, ORP: ‐860 mV) can reduce the pesticide residues effectively. Pesticide residues on fresh spinach after 30 min of immersion in electrolyzed water reduced acephate by 74% (EO) and 86% (ER), omethoate by 62% (EO) and 75% (ER), DDVP by 59% (EO) and 46% (ER), respectively. The efficacy of using EO water or ER water was found to be better than that of using tap water or detergent (both were reduced by more than 25%). Besides spinach, the cabbage and leek polluted by DDVP were also investigated and the degradation efficacies were similar to the spinach. Moreover, we found that the residual level of pesticide residue decreased with prolonged immersion time. Using EO or ER water to wash the vegetables did not affect the contents of Vitamin C, which inferred that the applications of EO or ER water to wash the vegetables would not result in loss of nutrition.Practical Application:  With increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, presence of pesticide residues in fresh produce has become a health concern for consumers due to potential long‐term adverse effects on human health. In an attempt to find a better method to reduce the pesticide residues, the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EO water) and electrolyzed reducing water (ER water) treatments on eliminating 3 pesticides (acephate, omethoate, and DDVP) commonly used in growing vegetables was investigated. This study demonstrated that electrolyzed water could be used to reduce pesticide residues on fresh vegetable and have a positive impact on ensuring safety of fresh vegetables for consumption.