bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkylation of Phenol with Methanol over ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Liu Naiwang , Mao Junyu , Wu Yixuan , Meng Xuan , Shi Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe catalytic performance of different molecular sieves in the alkylation of phenol with methanol to produce p‐cresol was evaluated, and the acidity and structure of the catalysts were characterized using
N2 adsorption–desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. It was shown that the catalytic activity of molecular sieves was closely related to their acidic site number, specific surface area, and pore structure. Since Zeolite ZSM‐5 (Zeolites Socony Mobil No. 5) has a relatively small amount of strong acid as well as a small pore size, it is favorable for the diffusion of p‐cresol out of the pores. Therefore, focusing on ZSM‐5, the effects of operating conditions such as weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), phenol/methanol (P/M) ratio, and reaction temperature on the catalytic performance were investigated. The results showed that increasing the WHSV, P/M ratio, and reaction temperature improved the selectivity to cresol. In addition, X‐ray diffraction and Thermal Gravity/Differential Thermal Gravity characterization methods were also carried out for ZSM‐5, and it was found that the deactivation of ZSM‐5 was due to coke deposition and pore blockage on the active site and that the selectivity to cresol could be restored by regenerating the catalyst and covering the strong acid site, which resulted in the reduction of the strong acid site to increase the selectivity of the product.
Influence of O−H⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions on photoluminescent response in the (Et4N)2{[Pt(bph)(CN)2][phenylene‐1,4‐diresorcinol]} framework
Authors: Glosz Dorota , Jędrzejowska Katarzyna , Niedzielski Grzegorz , Kobylarczyk Jedrzej , Zakrzewski Jakub J. , Hooper James G. M. , Gryl Marlena , Koshevoy Igor O. , Podgajny Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTunable photoluminescence (PL) is one of the hot topics in current materials science, and research performed on the molecular phases is at the forefront of this field. We present the new (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]⋅rez3⋅1/3H2O (Pt2rez3) (bph=biphenyl‐2,2’‐diyl; rez3=3,3”,5,5”‐tetrahydroxy‐1,1’:4’,1”‐terphenyl, phenylene‐1,4‐diresorcinol coformer, a linear quaternary hydrogen bond donor) co‐crystal salt based on the recently appointed promising [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2– luminophore. Within the extended hydrogen‐bonded subnetwork [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2– complexes and rez3 coformer molecules form two types of contacts: the rez3O−H⋅⋅⋅Ncomplex ones in the equatorial plane of the complex and non‐typical rez3O−H⋅⋅⋅Pt ones along its axial direction. The combined structural, PL, and DFT approach identified the rez3O−H⋅⋅⋅Pt synthons to be crucial in promoting the noticeable uniform redshift of bph ligand centered (LC) emission compared to the LC emission of the (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]⋅H2O (Pt2) precursor, owing to the direct interference of the phenol group with the PtII‐bph orbital system via altering the CT processes within. The high‐resolution emission spectra for Pt2 and Pt2rez3 were successfully reproduced at 77 K by using the Franck‐Cordon expressions. The possibility to tune PL properties along the plausible continuum of rez3O−H⋅⋅⋅Pt synthons is indicated, considering various scenarios of molecular occupation of the space above and below the complex plane.
Evolving concepts in meningioma management in the era of genomics
Authors: Hsieh Annie L. , Bi Wenya Linda , Ramesh Vijaya , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Plotkin Scott R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeningioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Surgical resection followed by surveillance is the first‐line treatment for the majority of symptomatic meningiomas; however, recent advances in molecular sequencing, DNA methylation, proteomics, and single‐cell sequencing provide insights into further characterizing this heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide range of prognoses. A subset of these tumors are highly aggressive and cause severe morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identifying those individuals with a poor prognosis and intervening are critical. This review aims to help readers interpret the molecular profiling of meningiomas to identify patients with worse prognoses and guide the management and strategy for surveillance.
Nano‐engineering in zinc‐based catalysts for CO2 electroreduction: Advances and challenges
Authors: Wang Junjie , Zhu Zhaozhao , Lin Yingxi , Li Zhao , Tang Wu , Wang John , Chen Jun Song , Wu Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), an emerging sustainable energy technology to convert atmospheric CO2 into value‐added chemicals, has received extensive attention. However, the high thermodynamic stability of CO2 and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction lead to poor catalytic performances, hardly meeting industrial application demands. Due to abundant reserves and favorable CO selectivity, zinc (Zn)‐based catalysts have been considered one of the most prospective catalysts for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. A series of advanced zinc‐based electrocatalysts, including Zn nanosheets, Zn single atoms, defective ZnO, and metallic Zn alloys, have been widely reported for CO2RR. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive and fundamental summary is still lacking. Herein, this review provides a thorough discussion of effective modulation strategies such as morphology design, doping, defect, heterointerface, alloying, facet, and single‐atom, emphasizing how these methods can influence the electronic structure and adsorption properties of intermediates, as well as the catalytic activity of Zn‐based materials. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of Zn‐based catalysts for CO2RR are also discussed. This review is expected to promote the broader application of efficient Zn‐based catalysts in electrocatalytic CO2RR, thus contributing to a future of sustainable energy.
The Peptide Bond: Resonance Increases Bond Order and Complicates Fragmentation
Authors: Fedorov Dmitri G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe enhancement of the peptide bond order by a resonance in the lone pair of N and the π‐bond of CO is analyzed. A decomposition of the bond order in terms of localized molecular orbitals is developed and applied to the peptide bond. A combination of two rotations of hybrid orbitals is proposed to improve the boundary treatment in the fragment molecular orbital method. The developed approach is applied to peptide bonds, and it is found crucial to retain the π orbital in the variational space of both fragments across the boundary. The interaction energies between conventional amino acid residues in Trp‐cage (1L2Y) are discussed.
GlycoID Proximity Labeling to Identify O‐GlcNAcylated Protein Interactomes in Live Cells
Authors: Nelson Zachary M. , Kadiri Oseni , Fehl Charlie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCells continuously remodel their intracellular proteins with the monosaccharide O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) to regulate metabolism, signaling, and stress. This protocol describes the use of GlycoID tools to capture O‐GlcNAc dynamics in live cells. GlycoID constructs contain an O‐GlcNAc binding domain linked to a proximity labeling domain and a subcellular localization sequence. When expressed in mammalian cells, GlycoID tracks changes in O‐GlcNAc‐modified proteins and their interactomes in response to chemical induction with biotin over time. Pairing the subcellular localization of GlycoID with the chemical induction of activity enables spatiotemporal studies of O‐GlcNAc biology during cellular events such as insulin signaling. However, optimizing intracellular labeling experiments requires attention to several variables. Here, we describe two protocols to adapt GlycoID methods to a cell line and biological process of interest. Next, we describe how to conduct a semiquantitative proteomic analysis of O‐GlcNAcylated proteins and their interactomes using insulin versus glucagon signaling as a sample application. This articles aims to establish baseline GlycoID protocols for new users and set the stage for widespread use over diverse cellular applications for the functional study of O‐GlcNAc glycobiology. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expression of targeted GlycoID constructs to verify subcellular location and labeling activity in mammalian cellsBasic Protocol 2: GlycoID labeling in live HeLa cells for O‐GlcNAc proteomic comparisons
Efficient Glucose Isomerization to Fructose using Photoregenerable MgSnO3 Catalyst with Cooperative Acid‐Base Sites
Authors: Wang Peixin , Xue Wenhua , Ye Jian , Zhang Ruilong , Kumar Reeti , Cai Wenfei , Zhao Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe isomerization of glucose to fructose plays a crucial role in the food industry and the production of biomass‐derived chemicals in biorefineries. However, the catalyst used in this reaction suffers from low selectivity and catalyst deactivation due to carbon or by‐product deposition. In this study, MgSnO3 catalyst, synthesized via a facile two‐step process involving hydrothermal treatment and calcination, was used for glucose isomerization to fructose. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance, achieving a fructose equilibrium yield of 29.8 % with a selectivity exceeding 90 % under mild conditions owing to its acid‐base interaction. Notably, spent catalysts can be regenerated by photoirradiation to remove surface carbon, thereby avoiding the changes in properties and subsequent loss of activity associated with conventional calcination regeneration method. This novel approach eliminates the energy consumption and potential structural aggregation associated with traditional calcination regeneration methods. The acid‐base active sites of the catalyst, along with their corresponding catalytic reaction mechanism and photoregeneration mechanism were investigated. This study presents a demonstration of the comprehensive utilization of catalytic material properties, i. e., acid‐base and photocatalytic functionalities, for the development of a green and sustainable biomass thermochemical conversion system.
Cerium‐Doped Nickel Sulfide Nanospheres as Efficient Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Dongxv , Guo Hui , Wang Hong , Pan Lu , Lin Jianjian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability for electrochemical water splitting has always been a goal. Transition metal sulfides are attractive electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this article, we designed and constructed efficient catalysts with multiple synergistic interactions and synthesized Ce‐NiS2@NF nanosphere using a solvothermal method. Ce‐NiS2@NF exhibits excellent HER performance, OER performance, and overall water splitting capability in alkaline electrolytes, demonstrating good stability. The addition of Ce influences the activity of the catalysts, attributed to the synergistic interactions creating more active sites and higher intrinsic activity through the introduction of Ce heteroatoms. Additionally, the self‐supported conductive substrate promotes electron transfer, enhancing the intrinsic activity and active site density of the catalyst. This study provides an in‐depth investigation into structural design and performance enhancement, offering ideas for designing efficient catalysts for overall water electrolysis. This work provides an in‐depth study in terms of structural design performance enhancement and provides ideas for designing efficient alkaline bifunctional catalysts. Valuable insights have been provided in elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of the catalytic activity of cerium‐doped nickel sulfide nanospheres, thus providing new guidance in the field of energy conversion technology.
Reclaiming accountability through collaborative curriculum enquiry: New directions in teacher evaluation
Authors: Hulme Moira , Comber Abigail , Jones Eli , Grant Julian , Baumber John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTeacher evaluation and teachers' professional learning are too often confined to separate areas of research and professional practice. Rather than approach evaluation and enquiry as distinct or irreconcilable, this paper applies the ideas of Stenhouse to explore new possibilities for the reappropriation of mandated appraisal in ways that support teachers' professional growth. Illustrative case studies of laboratory schools in the United States and England are used to examine the interaction of local and lateral forms of professional accountability with external and hierarchical regulatory frameworks. The article reports the design and enactment of change in two schools (a US kindergarten through twelfth grade school and a UK high school) connected through the International Association of Laboratory Schools (IALS) that purposively redesigned appraisal over a three‐year period to build capacity for collaborative curriculum enquiry. Attention is afforded to the space for manoeuvre between advisory and mandatory guidance, and the challenges to relational trust and collective responsibility posed by performance‐based accountability systems. The findings provide new insights into how teacher‐led collaborative enquiry (curricular co‐design) can address the unintended consequences of test‐based accountability and rubrics‐based observation as principal drivers of educational improvement.
Mitigation of atmospheric losses using dual‐polarized 16‐QAM MIMO technique in free‐space optical system in various weather conditions
Authors: M Vinoth Kumar , Singh Rupali , Karuppiah Marimuthu 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe technique to overcome the challenge while implementing the fiber optical link is investigated using an alternative optical link called a free‐space optical (FSO) link with advanced modulation and signal processing techniques. A dual‐polarized 16‐quadrature amplitude‐modulated signal is transmitted over single and multi‐FSO channels under various atmospheric attenuation conditions. High bandwidth and data rates (up to 10 Gbps), unlicensed spectrum (above 300 GHz), and simplicity of deployment are significant benefits of the FSO system. However, the weather conditions of haze, rain, and fog cause signal attenuation when the optical carrier wave is transmitted over free space, and atmospheric turbulence is a challenge to FSO implementation, which degrades the transmission performance of optical signals for long‐distance communication. For 120 Gbps data transmission, the performance of a multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) FSO system is evaluated by observing the bit error rate (BER) and received signal constellation diagram. Optical signal‐to‐noise ratio (OSNR) parameters were iterated to determine the optimal value for back‐to‐back, single‐input, single‐output (SISO), and MIMO systems. Moreover, we examined the proposed system's output with recent articles, including MIMO, multiplexing, and various modulation techniques. The comparison of results shows that the suggested MIMO‐FSO model has enhanced the performance with the lower BER as less than 3.8 × 10−3 (log of BER is −2.42) forward error correction (FEC) limit for 18.7 km link range in clear air with 0.54 dB/km attenuation, 4.8, 4.5, 1.35, and 0.57 km under haze, light fog, medium, and heavy fog with 4.6, 6.9, 28.9, and 75 dB/km attenuations.
Long‐term frequent fire and cattle grazing alter dry forest understory vegetation
Authors: Kerns Becky K. , Day Michelle A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding fire and large herbivore interactions in interior western forests is critical, owing to the extensive and widespread co‐occurrence of these two disturbance types and multiple present and future implications for forest resilience, conservation and restoration. However, manipulative studies focused on interactions and outcomes associated with these two disturbances are rare in forested rangelands. We investigated understory vegetation response to 5‐year spring and fall prescribed fire and domestic cattle grazing exclusion in ponderosa pine stands and reported long‐term responses, almost two decades after the first entry fires. In fall burn areas open to cattle grazing, total understory cover prior to utilization was about 12% lower compared with fall burn areas where cattle were experimentally excluded. This response was not strongly driven by a particular palatable or unpalatable plant functional group. Fire and grazing are likely interacting in a numerically mediated process, as we found little evidence to support a functionally moderated pathway. Post‐fire green‐up may equalize forage to a certain extent and concentrate herbivores in the smaller burned areas within pastures, constraining a positive understory response to burning. Fall fire and grazing also increased annual forbs and resprouting shrubs. The effects of spring burning were relatively minor, and we found no interaction with grazing. The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) remains a problematic invader linked to fall burning but not grazing in stands that had higher propagule pressure when the experiment was initiated. At these sites, exotic grass was a major component of the vegetation by 2015, and invasion was also increasing in spring burn and unburned areas. Information from our study suggests that frequent fall fires and cattle grazing combined may reduce understory resilience in similar dry ponderosa pine forests. Consideration of longer fire return intervals, resting areas after fire, virtual fencing, or burning entire pastures may help to mitigate the effects noted in this study.
Rodents mediate the relationship between seed rain, seed bank, and plant community with increased grazing disturbance
Authors: Guo Zengpeng , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang Panhong , Zhang Hui , Baskin Carol C. , Zhang Tianwu , Chen Yaya , Hu Guorui , Yang Xiangrong , Mao He , Zhang Zhenkuan , Ma Miaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeed rain and the soil seed bank represent the dispersal of seeds in space and time, respectively, and can be important sources of recruitment of new individuals during plant community regeneration. However, the temporal dynamics of seed rain and the mechanisms by which the seed rain and soil seed bank may play a role in plant community regeneration with increased grazing disturbance remain unclear. Seed rain, soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation, and rodent density were sampled along a grazing gradient in an alpine marsh on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We described the temporal dynamics of seed dispersal using Bayesian generalized mixed models, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling and the structural equation model were used to examine the effects of grazing disturbance on the relative role of seed rain and soil seed bank on aboveground plant community regeneration. The temporal dynamics of seed rain changed from a unimodal to a bimodal pattern with increased grazing disturbance. Both species diversity and seed density of the seed rain and seed bank increased significantly with increased grazing disturbance. Increased grazing disturbance indirectly increased the similarity of composition between seed rain, seed bank, and aboveground plant community by directly increasing species diversity and abundance of aboveground plant community. However, increased grazing disturbance also indirectly decreased the similarity of seed rain, soil seed bank, and aboveground plant community by directly increasing rodent density. The similarity between seed rain and aboveground plant community was greater than that of the soil seed bank and aboveground plant community with increased grazing disturbance. Grazing disturbance spreads the risk of seed germination and seedling establishment by changing the temporal dynamics of seed dispersal. Plants (positive) and rodents (negative) mediated the role of seed rain and soil seed bank in plant community regeneration. The role of seed rain in plant community regeneration is higher than the seed bank in disturbed alpine marshes. Our findings increase our understanding of the regeneration process of the plant community, and they provide valuable information for the conservation and restoration of alpine marsh ecosystems.
A potential role of heat‐moisture couplings in the range expansion of Striga asiatica
Authors: Bürger Marco , Chory Joanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParasitic weeds in the genera Orobanche, Phelipanche (broomrapes) and Striga (witchweeds) have a devastating impact on food security across much of Africa, Asia and the Mediterranean Basin. Yet, how climatic factors might affect the range expansion of these weeds in the context of global environmental change remains unexplored. We examined satellite‐based environmental variables such as surface temperature, root zone soil moisture, and elevation, in relation to parasitic weed distribution and environmental conditions over time, in combination with observational data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Our analysis reveals contrasting environmental and altitude preferences in the genera Striga and Orobanche. Asiatic witchweed (Striga asiatica), which infests corn, rice, sorghum, and sugar cane crops, appears to be expanding its range in high elevation habitats. It also shows a significant association with heat‐moisture coupling events, the frequency of which is rising in such environments. These results point to geographical shifts in distribution and abundance in parasitic weeds due to climate change.
Three sympatric host nestlings eavesdrop on cuckoo nestling distress calls
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Zhou Qindong , Zuo Taijun , Wang Longwu , Ma Laikun , Hou Jianhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn predator–prey interactions, the prey faces extreme challenges from predation, which drives the evolution of defense or anti‐predator mechanisms. Compared with adult birds, nestlings are more vulnerable but not helpless. However, data on whether nestlings eavesdrop on the danger signals transmitted by other prey nestlings and the mechanisms of eavesdropping remain limited. In brood parasitism, common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings, raised by host adults who are not closely related, offer an instructive system for studying the transmission and recognition of danger signals among nestlings of different species that share special relationships. We played back the distress calls of common cuckoo nestlings to nestlings of three sympatric host species (the oriental reed warbler Acrocephalus orientalis, which is a primary host of the common cuckoo, the reed parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei, an occasional host, and the vinous‐throated parrotbill Sinosuthora webbiana, which is not parasitized in the study area) to investigate whether the host nestlings reduced their begging behavior. We also quantified the degree of inhibition toward begging behavior for these nestlings. The results revealed that, in response to the distress calls, the three sympatric host species markedly suppressed their begging behavior. This response can likely be attributed to the innate response of host nestlings caused by the general characteristics of distress calls, rather than the acoustic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between host nestlings and cuckoo nestlings. Furthermore, we observed that upon hearing the distress calls of cuckoo nestlings, the oriental reed warbler nestlings exhibited the greatest reduction in the total number of calls compared to the other two host species, potentially owing to stronger predation and parasitic pressures. This study suggests that host nestlings can detect danger signals emitted by parasitic nestlings; however, further investigation is needed to determine whether they can respond to distress calls from unfamiliar nestlings in different regions.