bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐domain finite element method based on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes for two‐dimensional SHTE mode seismoelectric and electroseismic waves modelling
Authors: Li Jun , Yin Changchun , Liu Yunhe , Huang Xianyang , Zhang Bo , Ren Xiuyan , Su Yang , Wang Luyuan , Ma Xinpeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA time‐domain finite‐element method based on an arbitrary quadrilateral mesh is proposed to simulate two dimensional seismoelectric and electroseismic waves in SHTE mode. By decoupling the electrokinetic coupling equation, we can solve seismic waves and electromagnetic waves independently. For the simulation of seismic wavefield, we utilize a more compact second‐order unsplit perfectly matched layer that is easier to implement in finite‐element methods. Moreover, to avoid errors caused by the quasi‐static approximation, we directly solve the full‐wave electromagnetic equations when simulating the electromagnetic wavefield. Our computational domain is discretized using arbitrary quadrilateral meshes, which offers possibilities in handling undulating terrain and complex anomalies in the underground. To ensure computational accuracy, we utilized biquadratic interpolation as our finite‐element basis functions, which provides higher precision compared to bilinear interpolation. We validate our time‐domain finite‐element method by comparing its results with analytical solutions for a layered model. We also apply our algorithm to the modelling of an underground aquifer and a complex anomalous hydrocarbon reservoir under undulating terrain.
Mutualistic and antagonistic phyllosphere fungi contribute to plant recruitment in natural communities
Authors: Pajares‐Murgó Mariona , Garrido José L. , Perea Antonio J. , López‐García Álvaro , Bastida Jesús M. , Alcántara Julio M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Phyllosphere fungal communities participate in multiple ecological functions (litter decomposition, disease‐causing, plant defence). However, there is a lack of knowledge on whether and how these functions contribute to plant community dynamics under natural conditions.

One of the aspects of plant dynamics in which these fungi can most clearly affect is recruitment, since the success of newly germinated plants can be seriously compromised by pathogenic activity or the absence of mutualistic interactions.

To determine the relationship between phyllosphere fungal communities and plant recruitment, we combined published information on the frequency of plant–plant recruitment interactions and phyllosphere fungal communities in 38 woody species from two mixed forests in southern Spain.

Our results indicate that phyllosphere pathogens and saprotrophs have a negative effect on canopy–recruit interactions, while epiphytic fungi have a positive effect.

Additionally, the presence of canopy species hosting high richness of epiphytes or counting with a high diversity of saprotrophic fungi favours the formation of an abundant sapling bank.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that phyllosphere fungi play a relevant role in the assembly of the sapling bank in forest communities, thus, potentially influencing plant community dynamics. Beyond the well‐known negative effect of pathogenic fungi on recruitment, our results show the mutualistic effect of fungal epiphytes and a dual role of saprotrophs as antagonistic, decreasing recruitment of certain species, or mutualistic, enhancing recruitment in the sapling bank.
‘We assumed it would all be fairly straight forward’: Exploring early implementation of the recommendations of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence
Authors: Buys Rebecca , Fitz‐Gibbon Kate 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, royal commissions have been increasingly employed to address some of Australia's most pernicious and persistent problems. However, their recommendations often languish unimplemented. Research on why so many proposals fail to make it into policy and practice is divided. To explore the fraught road from recommendation to reform, this article analyses the early implementation of the recommendations of the 2016 Royal Commission into Family Violence (Victoria, Australia) from a relational vantage. To do so, this article brings attention to the under‐explored insights of advocates and frontline service providers and their relationship to post‐royal commission reform processes. Their relational accounts of corroborations, contradictions, and contestations move the contemporary predominate question of if implementation happens to more nuanced questions about when it occurs, what is implemented, who does it, and how it happens. The difficulties participants faced in the early implementation phase of the reforms demonstrate implementation alone is not a panacea for the problems royal commissions face post‐inquiry.Points for practitioners
Improving the implementation of royal commissions’ recommendations requires centring the perspectives of those with specialised knowledge and who deliver related services.
Recommendations to address challenging social problems need to be designed to evolve, often rapidly, to the constantly changing contexts that they are enmeshed within.
An implementation for implementation's sake approach risks obfuscating the contestations of what royal commissions find and cementing potentially problematic initiatives.
When we came back the ball was just not rolling: Special needs educators' perspectives of improvisation through the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lourens Heidi , Moodley Jacqueline , Joosub Noorjehan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted education across the globe, special needs schools in middle‐ and low‐income countries were particularly affected. Learners in these contexts often did not have access to assistive technologies and individualised adaptations of materials in their home environment. This study aimed to explore the experiences of special needs educators regarding how lockdown restrictions had impacted their educational practices. In‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 special needs educators across the Gauteng and Western Cape provinces of South Africa and were analysed through the lens of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Three themes emerged from the interviews. First, the teachers discussed the ways in which they ensured that the curriculum continued during the period of hard lockdown. Second, they discussed the challenges of remote teaching, and lastly, they addressed the challenges when the learners returned to face‐to‐face learning. These themes shed light on the teachers' flexibility, creativity and ability to improvise within uncertain, unpredictable and unfamiliar educational terrains. We draw the conclusion that it was largely due to positive teacher–learner relationships and the commitment by teachers that improvisation and creativity were possible and effective.
Typhoon strikes, political costs and earnings management
Authors: Du Jun , Dai Xinhui , Yan Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines how firms in typhoon‐prone areas respond to the political costs of typhoon strikes. We found that such firms tend to engage in downward earnings management after a typhoon strike. Various robustness tests support our findings: cross‐sectional variation tests indicate that this tendency is strong in cities with high governmental intervention and incentives for political leaders and in firms with high political connections and visibility. Further analysis reveals that typhoon strikes enhance earnings management by intensifying fiscal pressure. Finally, this study provides a precise evaluation of the adverse effects of typhoons and complements the existing literature on the political cost hypothesis.
Letter: Presence of progression or absence of response? Alternative trial designs for immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: De Toni Enrico N. , Mayerle Julia , Oehrle Bettina , Seidensticker Max , Rimassa Lorenza , Philipp Alexander , Roessler Daniel , Khaled Najib Ben 
Published: April 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Jost‐Brinkmann et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17441 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18008
Editorial: Foretelling the future—Emerging role of magnetic resonance enterography as a prognostic tool in Crohn's disease
Authors: Urquhart Siri A. , Fletcher Joel G. , Bruining David H. 
Published: April 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fernandez‐Clotet et al paper. To view this article, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17968
How do university‐industry collaborations benefit innovation? Direct and indirect outcomes of different collaboration types
Authors: Alpaydın Utku Ali Rıza , Fitjar Rune Dahl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the extent to which firms perceive to benefit from university‐industry collaborations in their innovation processes, building on survey data from 232 Norwegian firms. We find that firms experience not only direct innovation benefits from collaborations, but also indirect benefits in the form of closer proximity to universities, which can in turn improve future collaboration. We compare the reported outputs from various types of collaboration, finding that firms engaging mainly in research‐oriented interactions more often report that collaborations result in innovation than those engaging in education‐oriented or more informal collaborations. However, education‐oriented and informal collaborations are equally important for building cognitive, organizational, institutional and social proximities between firms and universities.
Single‐cell analysis revealed a potential role of T‐cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer with liver metastasis
Authors: Ling Tianlong , Zhang Cheng , Liu Ye , Jiang Chunhui , Gu Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiver metastasis (LM) is an important factor leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality. However, the effect of T‐cell exhaustion on LM in CRC is unclear. Single‐cell sequencing data derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Data were normalized using the Seurat package and subsequently clustered and annotated into different cell clusters. The differentiation trajectories of epithelial cells and T cells were characterized based on pseudo‐time analysis. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to calculate enrichment scores for different cell clusters and to identify enriched biological pathways. Finally, cell communication analysis was performed. Nine cell subpopulations were identified from CRC samples with LM. The proportion of T cells increased in LM. T cells can be subdivided into NK/T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and exhausted T cells (Tex). In LM, cell adhesion and proliferation activity of Tex were promoted. Epithelial cells can be categorized into six subpopulations. The transformation of primary CRC into LM involved two evolutionary branches of Tex cells. Epithelial cells two were at the beginning of the trajectory in CRC but at the end of the trajectory in CRC with LM. The receptor ligands CEACAM5 and ADGRE5‐CD55 played critical roles in the interactions between Tex and Treg cell‐epithelial cell, which may promote the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process in CRC. Tex cells are able to promote the process of LM in CRC, which in turn promotes tumour development. This provides a new perspective on the treatment and diagnosis of CRC.
Tales from the crick: The art of demo
Authors: Renshaw Matthew J. , Charoy Camille 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEquipment demonstrations (demos) play an important role in the evaluation of new systems. As well as the excitement of exploring emerging technologies, a well‐organised demo can help guide procurement decisions and support funding applications. However, it is easy to underestimate the substantial effort required both before and following the demo to maximise its potential impact. Here, we discuss how our approach to demos at the Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Science and Technology Platform (CALM‐STP) has evolved over the last few years, emphasising the importance of a documented approach that combines quantitative with qualitative comparisons and engages with your user base in order to build up support for any potential system purchase.
An existential perspective on post‐retirement decisions: The role of meaning in life and social identity
Authors: Smith Shona G. , Froidevaux Ariane , Hirschi Andreas , Johnson Lars U. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the context of the ageing workforce, late‐career development implies ongoing decisions during retirement regarding one's engagement in volunteering and bridge employment activities. While prior research has emphasized the role of the meaning of work in retirement decisions, it has not examined the roles that meaning in life and identity play in decisions made during retirement. Relying on the existential framework on meaning and career decision‐making, this article explores the role of social identities as retirees and as workers as critical self‐concept dimensions that may mediate the impact of meaning in life (search and presence) on their decisions to pursue bridge employment and to volunteer in retirement. Using an archival survey study relying on a time‐lagged design with a one‐year interval among 204 retirees, we found that retirees demonstrating a greater search for meaning in life exhibited positive identification with the worker social identity but negative identification with the retiree social identity. Additionally, worker social identity was positively associated with bridge employment; however, retiree social identity was negatively associated with bridge employment and positively with volunteering. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Evaluating the dose‐dependent effects of curcumin nano‐micelles on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in heat‐stressed fattening lambs: Implications for climate change and sustainable animal production
Authors: Bokharaeian Mostafa , Toghdory Abdolhakim , Ghoorchi Taghi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal warming threatens livestock production, especially in hot climates. This study evaluated the dose‐dependent impacts of dietary curcumin nano‐micelles (CNM) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in heat‐stressed fattening lambs. Thirty‐two crossbred male lambs [ˆIle‐de‐France × (Dalagh × Romanov)] were utilized within the current study. The initial weight of lambs was documented as averaged by 31.2 ± 1.55 kg, while they were in their 4th to 5th months of age. Animals were fed increasing doses of dietary CNM (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/day) over 97 days, under severe heat stress conditions with average temperature‐humidity index (THI) of 24.5. Quadratic improvements (p < 0.01) occurred in weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 28.7%, 27.4%, and 23.9%, respectively, in the T40 group compared to the control. Additionally, T40 increased fiber digestion by 2.8% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, T40 quadratically improved parameters of rumen fermentation, including concentrations of NH3‐N (p < 0.05), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA; p < 0.01), acetate (p < 0.05), and iso‐valerate (p < 0.05), by 13.9%, 12.5%, 15.0%, and 43.5%, respectively, compared to the control. Quadratic increases were also observed in nitrogen balance (p < 0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (p < 0.01) by 19.8% and 37.6%, respectively, in the T40 group. Quadratic models estimated optimal CNM levels between 41.5 and 48.6 mg/day for multiple parameters. These findings indicate CNM at dose level of 40 mg/day could benefit heat‐stressed lambs through enhanced rumen function and microbiota. Further research should refine ideal dosing for various species and production phases as higher levels adversely impacted fiber digestibility. Overall, CNM shows promise as a sustainable nutritional intervention for livestock production facing global warming.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin after intravenous, intra‐articular, and combined intravenous and intra‐articular administration in healthy neonatal foals
Authors: Paegelow Jillian L. , Schoonover Mike J. , Young Jenna M. , Maxwell Lara K. , Taylor Jared D. , Gilliam Lyndi L. , Holbrook Todd C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPharmacokinetics of amikacin administered IV to neonatal foals are described, but little data are available regarding the plasma concentrations contributed by concurrent intra‐articular (IA) administration.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCompare the pharmacokinetics of amikacin when the total dose is administered IV compared to being divided between IV and IA routes of administration in neonatal foals and predict the plasma concentrations from various combined IV and IA dosing regimens.AnimalsEight healthy neonatal foals.MethodsFoals received 3 amikacin treatment protocols: (1) IV‐only (25 mg/kg q24h IV), (2) concurrent IV and IA (16.7 mg/kg q24h IV and 8.3 mg/kg q24h into 1 tarsocrural joint), and (3) IA‐only (8.3 mg/kg q24h into 1 tarsocrural joint). Protocols were administered for 3 days beginning at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Plasma concentrations ≥53 μg/mL at 30 minutes were considered therapeutic for isolates with intermediate susceptibility.ResultsFoal age was a significant variable. The IV‐only protocol met or exceeded the 30‐minute plasma concentrations considered therapeutic (mean μg/mL [95% confidence interval, CI]) in 7‐ to 9‐day‐old (54.0 [52.2‐56.9]), 14‐ to 16‐day‐old (58.1 [55.2‐61.0]), and 21‐ to 23‐day‐old (66.6 [63.7‐69.6]) foals. Concurrent IV and IA protocol did not reach the 30‐minute concentration considered therapeutic in 7‐ to 9‐day‐old foals (46.5 [43.6‐49.4]) but did in 14‐ to 16‐day‐old (62.9 [60.0‐65.8]) and 21‐to 23‐day‐old (62.6 [59.7‐65.6]) foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConcurrent IV and IA administration of amikacin produces 30‐minute plasma concentrations considered therapeutic in foals 14 to 23 days old, but concentrations observed in younger foals might be below those considered therapeutic for isolates with intermediate susceptibility to amikacin.
Efficacy of maxillary molar intrusion and quantification of related external apical root resorption – A comparison of two approaches
Authors: Liu Jialin , Wei Tian , Zhao Yang , Jiang Chunmiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective single‐centre study aimed to compare the efficacy of maxillary second molar intrusion with two different approaches, miniscrew‐assisted molar intrusion and traditional segmental archwire intrusion, and to compare orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIERR) during intrusion between two groups via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsA total of 40 adult patients (33.6 ± 10.3 years old) with supraerupted maxillary second molars due to the loss of antagonistic teeth were recruited, with 20 patients in each group. A segmental archwire with adjacent teeth as an anchorage was used in the control group, and 60–100 g of intrusive force was applied by using miniscrews in the experimental group to intrude the overerupted molars. Full‐volume CBCT was performed before and after intrusion, and the amount of intrusion and extent of OIERR of the overerupted molars were compared between the two groups.ResultsSupraerupted maxillary second molars could be successfully intruded in an average of 5 months. There was more intrusive movement of the buccal and palatal cusps in the mininscrew group than that in the segmental archwire group (P < .05). The intrusive amount of palatal cusp was 3.67 ± 1.13 mm in the miniscrew group and 2.38 ± 0.74 mm in the segmental archwire group. More palatal OIERR was observed in the miniscrew group (30.3 ± 11.6 mm3) than in the segmental archwire group (21.0 ± 8.66 mm3) (P = .0063). There was no significant difference in OIERR between the two groups for mesial and distal buccal roots (P > .05).ConclusionMiniscrews help effectively with supraerupted maxillary second molar intrusion, especially for palatal cusps. There was more OIERR in the palatal root when using miniscrews compared to the segmental archwire approach.
Snow viruses and their implications on red snow algal blooms
Authors: Barno Adam R. , Green Kevin , Rohwer Forest , Silveira Cynthia B. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Algal blooms can give snowmelt a red color, reducing snow albedo and creating a runaway effect that accelerates snow melting. The occurrence of red snow is predicted to grow in polar and subpolar regions with increasing global temperatures. We hypothesize that these algal blooms affect virus-bacteria interactions in snow, with potential effects on snowmelt dynamics. A genomic analysis of double-stranded DNA virus communities in red and white snow from the Whistler region of British Columbia, Canada, identified 792 putative viruses infecting bacteria. The most abundant putative snow viruses displayed low genomic similarity with known viruses. We recovered the complete circular genomes of nine putative viruses, two of which were classified as temperate. Putative snow viruses encoded genes involved in energy metabolisms, such as NAD
+
synthesis and salvage pathways. In model phages, these genes facilitate increased viral particle production and lysis rates. The frequency of temperate phages was positively correlated with microbial abundance in the snow samples. These results suggest the increased frequency of temperate virus-bacteria interactions as microbial densities increase during snowmelt. We propose that this virus-bacteria dynamic may facilitate the red snow algae growth stimulated by bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Microbial communities in red snow algal blooms contribute to intensifying snowmelt rates. The role of viruses in snow during this environmental shift, however, has yet to be elucidated. Here, we characterize novel viruses extracted from snow viral metagenomes and define the functional capacities of snow viruses in both white and red snow. These results are contextualized using the composition and functions observed in the bacterial communities from the same snow samples. Together, these data demonstrate the energy metabolism performed by viruses and bacteria in a snow algal bloom, as well as expand the overall knowledge of viral genomes in extreme environments.