bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonproteasomal Targets of the Proteasome Inhibitors Bortezomib and Carfilzomib: a Link to Clinical Adverse Events
Authors: Arastu-Kapur Shirin , Anderl Janet L. , Kraus Marianne , Parlati Francesco , Shenk Kevin D. , Lee Susan J. , Muchamuel Tony , Bennett Mark K. , Driessen Christoph , Ball Andrew J. , Kirk Christopher J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Bortezomib (Velcade), a dipeptide boronate 20S proteasome inhibitor and an approved treatment option for multiple myeloma, is associated with a treatment-emergent, painful peripheral neuropathy (PN) in more than 30% of patients. Carfilzomib, a tetrapeptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor, currently in clinical investigation in myeloma, is associated with low rates of PN. We sought to determine whether PN represents a target-mediated adverse drug reaction (ADR).
Experimental Design: Neurodegenerative effects of proteasome inhibitors were assessed in an in vitro model utilizing a differentiated neuronal cell line. Secondary targets of both inhibitors were identified by a multifaceted approach involving candidate screening, profiling with an activity-based probe, and database mining. Secondary target activity was measured in rats and patients receiving both inhibitors.
Results: Despite equivalent levels of proteasome inhibition, only bortezomib reduced neurite length, suggesting a nonproteasomal mechanism. In cell lysates, bortezomib, but not carfilzomib, significantly inhibited the serine proteases cathepsin G (CatG), cathepsin A, chymase, dipeptidyl peptidase II, and HtrA2/Omi at potencies near or equivalent to that for the proteasome. Inhibition of CatG was detected in splenocytes of rats receiving bortezomib and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from bortezomib-treated patients. Levels of HtrA2/Omi, which is known to be involved in neuronal survival, were upregulated in neuronal cells exposed to both proteasome inhibitors but was inhibited only by bortezomib exposure.
Conclusion: These data show that bortezomib-induced neurodegeneration in vitro occurs via a proteasome-independent mechanism and that bortezomib inhibits several nonproteasomal targets in vitro and in vivo, which may play a role in its clinical ADR profile. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2734–43. ©2011 AACR.
A Narrow Beam Spectral Radiometer to Measure Atmospheric Emission from 4 to 14.5 vm
Authors: Wardrop A. J. , Mantis H. T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA spectral radiometer to measure atmospheric radiance has been constructed using a helium-cooledphotoconductor detector. The radiometer is of medium resolution (δλ/λ ∼ 2%) and its advantages areits narrow beam ∼10-6 sr) and accuracy in the absolute radiance measurement (1% of a blackbody atambient temperature). Some examples of spectra made with the instrument are presented.
A Four-Filter Photometer for the Measurement of Total Ozone in the Atmosphere
Authors: Leroy B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA description is given of a photometer designed for the measurement of total ozone in the atmosphere fromthe solar light scattered by the zenith sky. The instrument uses four interference filters and a photocell. It wascompared to other photometers, specially the Dobson spectrophotometer, in a 1974 field test at Belsk,Poland. The results of the intercomparison are detailed.In agreement with the opinion of several authors, it is concluded that total ozone measurements should beassociated with other atmospheric measurements so that information can be obtained on the influence ofaerosols on the diffusion and absorption of light. Such data, even if they are unable to eliminate errors, atleast are able to identify those conditions required for getting correct measurements.
Three-Dimensional Distribution of Air Pollutants in the Los Angeles Basin
Authors: Husar Rudolf B. , Patterson David E. , Blumenthal Donald L. , White Warren H. , Smith Theodore B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractData from a three-dimensional pollutant mapping program, conducted in the Los Angeles basin, wereanalyzed to obtain "grand average" vertical profiles sampled on 24 summer days in 1973. Morning andafternoon profiles at four locations show an erosion of the nighttime radiation inversion, increased temperatures, more intense mixing in the inland areas, and a semi-permanent subsidence inversion at higher levels.High values of primary pollutant parameters (NO, and condensation nuclei) are seen in the western part ofthe basin at Hawthorne. Secondary pollutant parameters (Os and light scattering coefficient) were dominating at the inland receptor site, Riverside. Ozone concentrations in the morning were consistently higheraloft. The deficit near the surface is attributed to ozone scavenging by primary emissions.
Averaging for Wind Speed in a Given Direction in the Concentration Equation for Pollutants
Authors: Neumann J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the equation for the concentration of pollutants from a steady continuous point source, in a stationaryturbulent flow, the factor 1/u enters (u is the mean wind for a given stationary situation). If we are interestedin the concentration along a given wind direction and u denotes the wind speed in that direction and if weseek the average concentration for a class of flow situations (e.g., for the class of statically stable flows),each member of the class representing an individual stationary situation, then the averaging to be appliedis to 1/u and not to u. On the assumption (verified by some examples) that the distribution of u isa "humped" gamma distribution (standard deviation σ less than the average u of u for the class as a whole),we show that the average of 1/u equals 1/(u[1-(σ/u)2]}. Thus the average of 1/u is greater than 1/uand the resulting concentration estimate is larger than the one that would be obtained by the incorrect useof 1/u.
Comparison of Predicted and Observed Solar Radiation in an Urban Area
Authors: Bergstrom Robert W. , Peterson James T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMeasurements of the downward solar radiant flux in the St. Louis, Mo., area are compared with predictionsfrom an approximate solution to the radiative transfer equation. The atmospheric aerosols were assumedto have a power size distribution, dn/dr∼r-4, and the refractive indices suggested by Fischer (1973) foran urban area. On a relatively clean day, the predictions compared well with observations. On a hazy day,the comparison was poor with the a priori choice of aerosol properties. The particles on the hazy day apparently had more submicron particles than those found in the assumed size distribution, and the particleswere considerably less absorbing than those observed by Fischer. These changes could represent the effectsof relative humidity and different air mass characteristics.
A Preliminary Analysis of Ocean-Air Interactions Along the West Coast of North America, 1965-1969
Authors: Hannes Gerald 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper uses a multivariate statistical technique to examine the possible relationships between theatmosphere and the ocean. Fifteen upper air stations and seventeen water temperature sampling sites werefactor analyzed. Several of the west coast water stations had high factor loadings on the same factor withseveral of the upper air sites.
The Behaviour of An Arrow Shot from a Compound Archery Bow
Authors: Park J L 
Published: February 2011

The behaviour of an arrow exiting an archery bow is of interest in relation to equipment selection and optimization, as well as to the performance of the arrow down-range. In particular, it is a necessary input into a study of the impact of archer technique errors and wind drift. While the performances of recurve archery bows have been modelled by a number of researchers, those of compound archery bows have not. A compound archery bow is mechanically more complex and the archer holds the string using a mechanical release device rather than with fingers directly on the string. Consequently the arrow behaviour is significantly different from that for a recurve bow. This paper provides the results of an analysis of an arrow leaving a compound bow in both the vertical and the horizontal planes. Techniques similar to those used by Kooi for a recurve bow were used, together with photographs obtained using a triggered flash light. The paths taken by the bow's nocking point in both the vertical and the horizontal planes had a substantial influence on the arrow behaviour. In the vertical plane this was both measured and modelled for one bow type and for a second bow type it was modelled. In the horizontal plane it was measured and modelled for one bow type but with the locus varied by twisting the bow laterally. Three sizes of the most commonly used arrows were examined: the recommended size, and arrows one and two sizes stiffer. It was concluded that both the recommended size and the stiffer sizes behaved similarly, giving increased scope to optimize arrow selection for parameters such as wind drift. One major archer technique error, namely twisting the bow, was included in the analysis and shown to have a significant impact on the arrow behaviour and the path taken by the arrow in the horizontal plane.
Regulation of cardiac microRNAs by serum response factor
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Azhar Gohar , Helms Scott A , Wei Jeanne Y 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) regulates certain microRNAs that play a role in cardiac and skeletal muscle development. However, the role of SRF in the regulation of microRNA expression and microRNA biogenesis in cardiac hypertrophy has not been well established. In this report, we employed two distinct transgenic mouse models to study the impact of SRF on cardiac microRNA expression and microRNA biogenesis. Cardiac-specific overexpression of SRF (SRF-Tg) led to altered expression of a number of microRNAs. Interestingly, downregulation of miR-1, miR-133a and upregulation of miR-21 occurred by 7 days of age in these mice, long before the onset of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that SRF overexpression impacted the expression of microRNAs which contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Reducing cardiac SRF level using the antisense-SRF transgenic approach (Anti-SRF-Tg) resulted in the expression of miR-1, miR-133a and miR-21 in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we observed that SRF regulates microRNA biogenesis, specifically the transcription of pri-microRNA, thereby affecting the mature microRNA level. The mir-21 promoter sequence is conserved among mouse, rat and human; one SRF binding site was found to be in the mir-21 proximal promoter region of all three species. The mir-21 gene is regulated by SRF and its cofactors, including myocardin and p49/Strap. Our study demonstrates that the downregulation of miR-1, miR-133a, and upregulation of miR-21 can be reversed by one single upstream regulator, SRF. These results may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions targeting microRNA biogenesis.
In vitro evaluation of a double-stranded self-complementary adeno-associated virus type2 vector in bone marrow stromal cells for bone healing
Authors: Alaee Farhang , Sugiyama Osamu , Virk Mandeep S , Tang Ying , Wang Bing , Lieberman Jay R 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Both adenoviral and lentiviral vectors have been successfully used to induce bone repair by over-expression of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in primary rat bone marrow stromal cells in pre-clinical models of ex vivo regional gene therapy. Despite being a very efficient means of gene delivery, there are potential safety concerns that may limit the adaptation of these viral vectors for clinical use in humans. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector is a promising viral vector without known pathogenicity in humans and has the potential to be an effective gene delivery vehicle to enhance bone repair. In this study, we investigated gene transfer in rat and human bone marrow stromal cells in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-complementary AAV vector (scAAV) system, which has higher efficiency than the single-stranded AAV vector (ssAAV) due to its unique viral genome that bypasses the rate-limiting conversion step necessary in ssAAV.

Methods
Self-complementaryAAV2 encoding GFP and BMP-2 (scAAV2-GFP and scAAV2-BMP-2) were used to transduce human and rat bone marrow stromal cells in vitro, and subsequently the levels of GFP and BMP-2 expression were assessed 48 hours after treatment. In parallel experiments, adenoviral and lentiviral vector mediated over-expression of GFP and BMP-2 were used for comparison.

Results
Our results demonstrate that the scAAV2 is not capable of inducing significant transgene expression in human and rat bone marrow stromal cells, which may be associated with its unique tropism.

Conclusions
In developing ex vivo gene therapy regimens, the ability of a vector to induce the appropriate level of transgene expression needs to be evaluated for each cell type and vector used.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Therapeutic Exercise on Quadriceps Activation in People With Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian G. , Saliba Susan A. , Hart Joseph M. , Hertel Jay , Kerrigan D. Casey , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Blinded, randomized controlled trial. Objectives To determine if the combination of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) set to a sensory level and therapeutic exercise would be more effective than the combination of placebo TENS and therapeutic exercises or therapeutic exercises only to increase quadriceps activation in individuals with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Background Quadriceps activation deficits are common in those with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, and TENS has been reported to immediately increase quadriceps activation. Yet the long-term benefits of TENS for motor neuron activation have yet to be determined. Methods Thirty-six individuals with radiographically assessed tibiofemoral osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to the TENS and exercise, placebo and exercise, and exercise only groups. All participants completed a supervised 4-week lower extremity exercise program. TENS and placebo TENS were worn throughout the therapeutic exercise sessions, as well as during daily activities. Our primary outcome measures, quadriceps central activation ratio, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were evaluated at baseline and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the intervention. Results Quadriceps activation was significantly higher in the TENS with exercise group compared to the exercise only group at 2 weeks (0.94 ± 0.04 versus 0.82 ± 0.12, P<.05) and the placebo and exercise group at 4 weeks (0.94 ± 0.06 versus 0.81 ± 0.15, P<.05). WOMAC scores improved in all 3 groups over time, with no significant differences among groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that TENS applied in conjunction with therapeutic exercise and daily activities increases quadriceps activation in patients with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and, while function improved for all participants, effects were greatest in the group treated with a combination of TENS and therapeutic exercises. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(1):4–12. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3447
Thoracic Spine Extension Mobility in Young Adults: Influence of Subject Position and Spinal Curvature
Authors: Edmondston Stephen , Waller Robert , Vallin Peter , Holthe Andreas , Noebauer Andrea , King Enda 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective To examine extension mobility of the thoracic spine in young, asymptomatic adults, with particular reference to the influence of subject position and magnitude of the thoracic kyphosis. Background Impairment of thoracic extension motion is commonly associated with mechanical pain disorders in this region of the spine. Knowledge of normal thoracic mobility and the factors that may influence this motion is important in the evaluation and management of thoracic pain disorders. Methods In 40 asymptomatic adults, the total and regional thoracic extension range of motion was measured using 2-dimensional photographic image analysis. Extension mobility was measured in standing, sitting, prone, and 4-point kneeling. The association between the magnitude of the habitual thoracic kyphosis and extension mobility was also examined. Results When measured from the habitual standing position, the mean range of flexion was 11.5° (3.7°) and mean extension range was 8.7° (3.7°). Thoracic extension was significantly greater in unloaded positions compared to loaded positions (P<.001). The standing thoracic kyphosis angle was significantly correlated with the end range thoracic extension angle in all positions (r = 0.63–0.79, P<.001). There was a poor correlation between the thoracic kyphosis angle and thoracic extension range of motion in all positions (r = 0.11–0.34, P>.06). Conclusion When measured from the habitual standing position, thoracic extension range of motion in young individuals is small and poorly correlated with the magnitude of the standing thoracic kyphosis. Unloaded positions (4-point kneeling and prone), compared to positions that load the spine (standing and sitting), appear to promote a greater range of thoracic extension motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):266-273, Epub 18 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3456
The ‘lexicogrammar’ approach to analysing phraseology and collocation in ESP texts
Authors: Gledhill Christopher 
Published: February 2011

La phraséologie et la collocation sont des phénomènes linguistiques fondamentaux. Cependant, les linguistes ont souvent une conception assez limitée de ces termes (la phraséologie est associée aux « expressions idiomatiques », les collocations considérées comme des « séquences figées »). Dans cet article, je refonde ces notions du point de vue de la « lexicogrammaire » de Michael Halliday. Mon objectif est de démontrer comment ces notions, dans l’optique de la théorie systémique fonctionnelle, seraient utiles pour l’anglais de spécialité (ASP). Je propose également une méthode d’analyse textuelle qui s’appuie sur le rôle phraséologique des signes grammaticaux. Loin d’être « sans collocations », il est en effet possible de démontrer que les mots grammaticaux sont des éléments stables dans des « cascades » d’expressions relativement prévisibles mais aussi productives. L’identification de schémas lexicogrammaticaux de ce type devrait constituer une étape de base dans l’analyse systématique des textes d’ASP.
Le voir et le dire. Images et discours politiques dans l’editorial cartoon aux États-Unis
Authors: Andréolle Donna 
Published: February 2011

Cet article propose d’analyser le rôle que jouent les editorial cartoons aux États-Unis, surtout dans la vie politique de la nation, et d’étudier les techniques mises en œuvre qui font de ces cartoons une arme puissante de commentaire éditorial. Combinaison de dessin humoristique ou caricatural et de propos soit sous forme de légende, soit sous forme de bulles qui font parler les personnages, l’editorial cartoon prend son appui dans différentes stratégies : le détournement des propos « médiatiques », le décalage entre sens propre et sens figuré, la réutilisation d’images ou de propos de l’actualité, la remise en contexte contemporain d’images ou de discours historiques... C'est par la subversion qu’amène ce jeu subtil entre l’image et le texte que l’artiste fait son commentaire, exprime son opinion, ou invite le lecteur à apprécier les sens multiples qu’il est possible d’attribuer à l’œuvre.
Comments on ‘output feedback adaptive command following and disturbance rejection for nonminimum phase uncertain dynamical systems’
Authors: Bernstein Dennis S. , D'Amato Anthony M. , Hoagg Jesse , Santillo Mario A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe provide numerical examples and analysis to show that the adaptive controller given by Theorem 3.1 of Yucelen et al. 1 may fail to stabilize plants under the stated conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Evaluation on the In Vitro Biological Performance of Ti45Al8.5Nb Intermetallic with Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb Alloys
Authors: Li Huafang , Zheng Yufeng , Lin Junpin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe corrosion resistance of Ti45Al8.5Nb intermetallic alloy in artificial saliva and its cytocompatibility was studied via electrochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy, ion release measurement, and MTT assay, with contemporary biomedical Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys as comparison. The results demonstrate that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the corrosion current density (icorr) of the three experimental alloy samples are similar and there is no statistically significant difference among them (p > 0.05). The Al3+ion releasing concentration for Ti45Al8.5Nb intermetallic and Ti6Al7Nb alloy after anodic polarization are close. The relative cell proliferation rates of the three experimental alloy extract groups are all over 90% at various cultivation periods (1, 3, and 5 d), and there is no obvious difference for the MG63 cell morphologies comparing with that of the negative group, reaching confluence after 5 d culture and showing well stretched, which indicates that Ti45Al8.5Nb intermetallic alloy has a good cytocompatibility with the Grade 1 RGR value (no toxicity) according to ISO 10993‐5: 1999.
Design of Plasma Surface‐Activated, Electrospun Polylactide Non‐Wovens with Improved Cell Acceptance
Authors: Wyrwa Ralf , Finke Birgit , Rebl Henrike , Mischner Nicole , Quaas Marion , Schaefer Jan , Bergemann Claudia , Nebe J. Barbara , Schroeder Karsten , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Schnabelrauch Matthias 
Published: February 2011

AbstractElectrospinning is a versatile technique to generate tissue engineering matrices possessing structural features similar to the extracellular matrix. Biodegradable polylactides are well suited for processing by this technique, but their innate hydrophobicity impairs initial protein adsorption and cell adhesion. In this work, therefore, electrospun poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D,L‐lactide) (70/30) non‐wovens are modified with an ultrathin plasma‐polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coating. Using scanning electron microsocopy (SEM), it is shown that the fiber structure of the non‐woven is not affected by the plasma treatment. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements of PPAAm‐coated non‐wovens confirm the presence of nitrogen and oxygen‐functional groups in the coating and a hydrophilic nature of the coated non‐woven surface. Cell experiments in vitro demonstrate that the PPAAm‐coated surface promotes occupancy of the non‐woven by human MG‐63 osteoblasts accompanied by improved initial cell spreading and filopodia formation along and between the electrospun polylactide fibers. Overall, plasma‐assisted incorporation of amino groups into electrospun polylactone non‐wovens represents a promising approach to tissue engineering scaffolds with improved cell–material interfaces.