bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO and CFO Stock Options and Trading Activity Around Bank Loans
Authors: Khayati Amine , Tompkins James , Bray David , Clampit Jack 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueWhen firms make major bank loan agreements, stock prices, on average, react positively. This creates an incentive for executives to time both stock trading and the dating of option grants relative to the announcement of such agreements.Research Findings/InsightsWe find evidence that both CEOs and CFOs time bank loan agreement announcements after option grant dates, significantly increase the stock purchased prior to (and the stock sold after) the announcement. Our results support management strategically timing of the bank loan agreement announcement as opposed to influencing the compensation committee to time the option grant date for the benefit of management. While these findings complement prior research on the proven CEOs opportunistic behavior around corporate events, they offer a new conspicuous evidence of CFOs opportunistic behavior.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study contributes to the literature on opportunistic managerial behavior around corporate events by examining the stock option grants, exercises, and stock trades surrounding a major bank loan agreement and the relational interplay between the CEOs and CFOs. While concurrently testing and confirming the expected CEOs opportunistic behavior, the study augments the literature with strong evidence of CFOs opportunistic behavior coinciding with the announcement of bank loan agreements.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results are of value to the board of directors when formulating executive pay and in support of the heightened regulatory requirements on the executive compensation disclosure. Overall, our evidence calls out the Security and Exchange Commission laxity in monitoring loan‐related disclosures and lends support to the SEC (2006) amended disclosure rules on CFO compensation. Complete and timely disclosures are useful to investors and analysts to assess managerial expectations and mitigate aggressive timing of corporate events.
Thinking Educationally about Psychology in Education:1 Gert Biesta's Critique Reconsidered
Authors: Sæther Jostein 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLearning and development are well established as concepts in educational psychology. Gert Biesta has used terms such as “learnification” and “developmentalism” to describe a tendency that, in his view, removes existential qualities from teaching and education. Although important in the right contexts, the concepts do not represent the core of what education should be about, he claims. Jostein Sæther notes that in many ways he shares Biesta's view on the most fundamental quality of education, i.e., helping young people exist as independent subjects in confrontation with their own will, responsibility, and freedom. In this paper, he addresses the overarching question of whether it is possible and desirable to think educationally about psychology in educational theory, specifically through relating Biesta's critique to selected handbooks, reviews, and metaliterature. Sæther does not propose integrating educational psychology into Biesta's existential theory but rather hopes to open a dialogue on different points of view that challenge each other in fruitful ways. The process of discussing certain principles, problems, and examples should yield a certain kind of “unclean” educational psychology, one that is relevant to “subjectification.” There are problems related to eclecticism and the tension between essence and existence, yet, in this context, Sæther sees a dialogical project as the only way forward.
Temporal dynamics of Grime's CSR strategies in plant communities during 60 years of succession
Authors: Zhang Yan‐song , Meiners Scott J. , Meng Yani , Yao Qi , Guo Kun , Guo Wen‐Yong , Li Shao‐peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrime's competitive, stress‐tolerant, ruderal (CSR) theory predicts a shift in plant communities from ruderal to stress‐tolerant strategies during secondary succession. However, this fundamental tenet lacks empirical validation using long‐term continuous successional data. Utilizing a 60‐year longitudinal data of old‐field succession, we investigated the community‐level dynamics of plant strategies over time. Our findings reveal that while plant communities generally transitioned from ruderal to stress‐tolerant strategies during succession, initial abandonment conditions crucially shaped early successional strategies, leading to varied strategy trajectories across different fields. Furthermore, we found a notable divergence in the CSR strategies of alien and native species over succession. Initially, alien and native species exhibited similar ruderal strategies, but in later stages, alien species exhibited higher ruderal and lower stress tolerance compared to native species. Overall, our findings underscore the applicability of Grime's predictions regarding temporal shifts in CSR strategies depending on both initial community conditions and species origin.
Characterization of patients with atopic dermatitis based on flare patterns and severity of disease: A Danish population‐based study
Authors: Nielsen Mia‐Louise , Nymand Lea K. , Domenech Pena Arnau , Du Jardin Kristian G. , Kasujee Ismail , Thomsen Simon F. , Egeberg Alexander , Thein David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFlare patterns are not routinely considered in the severity classification or in clinical decision‐making of atopic dermatitis (AD), but frequent or severe flares may contribute considerably to the disease burden.ObjectivesTo characterize patients with AD in relation to their flare pattern and compare flare patterns to disease severity, life quality and treatment satisfaction.MethodsPatients with AD from the Danish Skin Cohort were included if they had active AD with and available data on number of flare‐ups within the last 12 months. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, whereas numerical variables were presented as median and interquartile ranges (IQR). Between‐group differences were tested with chi‐squared tests.ResultsA total of 1557 patients were included, with 57 reporting 0 flares, 698 (1–5 flares), 324 (6–10 flares) and 478 reporting >10 flares during the past 12 months. Both the severity measured by PO‐SCORAD and the impairment of life quality measured by DLQI were higher among patients with more flares (median [IQR] PO‐SCORAD: 13.0 [5.6–22.3], 29.7 [20.8–40.6], 36.3 [26.7–47.6]and 42.9 [30.7–55.6], respectively for the four flares strata, and median [IQR] DLQI: 1.0 [0.0–2.0], 3.0 [1.0–7.0], 4.0 [1.8–9.0] and 7.0 [3.0–11.0]). Satisfaction with the current treatment was generally higher among patients with no flares. However, 36.8%, 24.6% and 23.7% of patients with 1–5, 6–10 and >10 flares reported being extremely or very satisfied with their current treatment.ConclusionsPatients with many flares often report a higher severity and impairment of life quality compared to patients with fewer flares. Information on flaring could benefit treatment decisions, thereby decreasing undertreatment of patients with mild AD but severe flaring.
Resolving fusilier puzzles: The identity of Squamosicaesio marri and Pterocaesio flavifasciata, and a new record of Flavicaesio suevica from the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Kar Chinmay , Raghavan Rajeev , Ummath Ameen , Puthiyaalikom Naseeba , Idreesbabu Konham Kakkada , Sureshkumar Sivanpillai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis incorporating mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences of members of the family Caesionidae revealed the conspecificity of Pterocaesio flavifasciata and Squamosicaesio marri, which was also supported by the absence of any clear morphological diagnostic characters and meristic counts to separate the two species. Additionally, we provide the first record of the Suez fusilier, Flavicaesio suevica, from outside the Red Sea, based on specimens collected from the Laccadive archipelago, Western Indian Ocean. Together, these results show that the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of members of the family Caesionidae continue to be poorly known, necessitating a comprehensive range‐wide study.
Antibacterial and gut health effects of Amomum tsao‐ko in aquatic feed: A sustainable alternative to chemical antibiotics
Authors: Peng Weiyao , Liao Guohui , Wu Lianzhang , Zhang Jian , He Juncai , Gao Penghui , Cha Yunsheng , You Shengjun , Huang Mei , Zhou Jilan , He Yuqiu , Yang Yi , Li Ping , Yan Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmomum tsao‐ko Crevost et Lemarie (Zingiberaceae), an aromatic plant, has been considered to have diverse medicinal values and economic significance. It has been reported to possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. With the increasing risk of diseases in aquaculture, there is a need for alternative solutions to chemical antibiotics. Plant extracts have shown promise as natural feed additives for aquatic animals. In this study, the antibacterial effect of Amomum tsao‐ko crude extracts was evaluated using the Oxford cup method. The extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. Furthermore, the addition of Amomum tsao‐ko to fish feed resulted in notable changes in the gut structure of zebrafish and tilapia. The length and morphology of intestinal villi were enhanced, promoting improved digestion. Analysis of the gut microbial community revealed that Amomum tsao‐ko supplementation induced key changes in the gut microbial community composition of both zebrafish and tilapia. Notably, a 1% inclusion of Amomum tsao‐ko resulted in a marked rise in Proteobacteria levels in zebrafish, which diminished at 10% dosage. The supplement elicited mixed reactions among other bacterial phyla like Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota. Fluctuations were also observed at the genus level, pointing to the concentration of Amomum tsao‐ko playing a pivotal role in influencing the structure of intestinal bacteria. The findings of this study suggest that Amomum tsao‐ko has antibacterial properties and can positively influence the gut health of fish. The potential use of Amomum tsao‐ko as a natural feed additive holds promise for improving aquaculture practices and reducing reliance on chemical antibiotics. Further research is needed to explore the full potential and applications of Amomum tsao‐ko in fish feed development.
Actual versus perceived noise levels among critical care nurses and their related adverse effects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dwairi Tamer Abdullah Taleb , Hassan Eman Arafa , Beshay Bassem Nashaat , Attia Amal Kadry Nicola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCritical care nurses should help in reducing noise to improve the well‐being of patients and health care providers.Aim/sTo measure actual noise levels in intensive care units, identify nurses' perceived irritation levels of noise sources and examine the impact of noise on nurses' work performance and well‐being.Study designThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to April 2023 at a teaching hospital's six intensive care units. It involved three phases: mapping locations for noise measurement, actual noise measurements in decibels and a cross‐sectional survey to identify nurses' perceptions and the adverse effects of noise. Actual noise was measured between patients' beds, nursing stations and beside 16 noise sources for 7 days 24 h a day. For nurse perceptions, the mean of perceived irritation levels by a Likert scale for each noise source was calculated to present perceived noise levels. Ranking of noise sources according to the actual measured and perceived irritation by nurses was done based on mean values. Curve estimation regression test was used to predict the relationship between actual and perceived noise and stepwise multiple linear regression identified factors associated with noise adverse effects.ResultsThe mean noise level in the intensive care units was 65.55 dB. Nurses perceived mechanical ventilator alarms as the most irritating noise. However, the mean noise measurements showed that conversations among colleagues were the primary source of noise. There was no significant predictive relationship between the actual and perceived noise. Nurses reported feeling distressed, irritable, fatigued and less productive due to noise.ConclusionsThere was a discrepancy between actual and perceived noise levels by nurses. Perceived noise levels had more impact on nurses than actual noise.Relevance to clinical practiceBy incorporating both objective measurements and subjective perceptions into efforts aimed at reducing noise, health care providers can create quieter intensive care units.
What's Good for the Land is Good for the Farmer: Investigating Conservation‐Related Variables as Predictors of Farmers' Job Satisfaction☆
Authors: Gao Lijing , Arbuckle J. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRising stress, mental health issues, and suicide rates among farmers highlight the need to understand factors influencing their job satisfaction. Farming presents distinct challenges with its unique mix of positive and negative characteristics. This study utilized dual‐factor theory to investigate how various factors, such as economic dynamics, farm financial health, stewardship views, experience with extreme weather, and climate change concerns, influence farmers' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Data from a 2020 survey of Iowa farmers were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Financial health, stewardship motivations, and perceived adequacy of conservation practices emerged as significant predictors of both job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Farmers' extreme weather events experiences were positively associated with job satisfaction, indicating successful coping enhances contentment. Conversely, climate change concern was negatively associated with job satisfaction. As a revenue protection strategy, faith in crop insurance was negatively related to job dissatisfaction. In summary, besides the anticipated positive impact of farm financial health, the findings show that job satisfaction in farming is linked to stewardship motivations and perceived adequacy of conservation practices on the farm. The results suggest an opening for policies and programs aligning financial and conservation goals, potentially enhancing long‐term farmer well‐being and sustainable agricultural practices.
Transferring compactness
Authors: Benhamou Tom , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate that the technology of Radin forcing can be used to transfer compactness properties at a weakly inaccessible but not strong limit cardinal to a strongly inaccessible cardinal. As an application, relative to the existence of large cardinals, we construct a model of set theory in which there is a strongly inaccessible cardinal that is ‐‐stationary for all but not weakly compact. This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the constructible universe , where being ‐‐stationary is equivalent to being ‐indescribable. We also show that it is consistent that there is a cardinal such that is ‐stationary for all and , answering a question of Sakai.
Effects of Intermediate Pressure and Split Ratio on Supercritical Modified Recompression Cycles Performance
Authors: Tatli Akif Eren , You Dongchuan , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Engineers and scientists are continuously in search of higher power system efficiencies. Among new ones, supercritical recompression carbon dioxide power cycle has been promising. In addition to the simple recompression cycle, modified versions of supercritical recompression carbo have been introduced. These modified versions are Recompression Reheating cycle, Recompression Partial Cooling cycle, Recompression Partial Cooling with Reheating cycle, Recompression Intercooling cycle, and Recompression Intercooling with Reheating cycle. This paper investigates performances of the modified recompression cycles by developing an extensive thermodynamic model for this purpose. For these analyses, many parameters such as isentropic efficiencies of compressors and turbines, effectiveness of energy exchangers, maximum and minimum pressures, and temperatures within the cycle have been kept constant. It is also assumed that the temperature of the source of energy is 600 °C. This temperature selection is based on the operational temperatures typical of current solar thermal, nuclear, and biomass/waste energy generation technologies. Parametric studies using intermediate pressure and split ratio have been done to determine the optimum values resulting in the maximum efficiencies of these cycles. The solution of the thermodynamic model requires solving simultaneous energy, entropy, and exergy balance equations. The results show three cycles have very close maximum efficiency. These are Recompression Reheating cycle, Recompression Intercooling with Reheating cycle, and Recompression Intercooling cycle having thermal efficiencies of 39.61%, 39.57%, and 39.49%, respectively. The Recompression Intercooling with Reheating cycle has the highest net-work among the above cycles when operating at their maximum thermal efficiencies.
Uncertainty Separation Method for Simulation With Image and Numerical Data
Authors: Du Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Image-based simulation plays a pivotal role in diverse engineering applications, integrating both image and numerical variables as inputs to predict design performance, understand system behaviors, and drive discovery. Uncertainty, inherent in these simulations, must be quantified and managed as it arises in numerical variables due to randomness in materials, manufacturing processes, and operations. Similarly, images exhibit uncertainty stemming from the inherent variability of the quantities they represent and the involved image processing. Addressing image uncertainty presents a unique challenge, primarily due to the high dimension and the limited availability of image samples, imposing constraints on conventional uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques. To overcome this challenge, this study introduces a new concept—uncertainty separation, designed to disentangle the impacts of uncertainties associated with image and numerical inputs, particularly in scenarios with limited image samples. The proposed method decomposes a simulation model into two distinct submodels: one handling image inputs and the other managing numerical inputs. While image samples directly inform the analysis of the image submodel, existing uncertainty quantification approaches are applied to assess the submodels with numerical input. This concept has proven to be efficient, achieving satisfactory accuracy through two practical examples, demonstrating its potential to enhance engineering analysis and design in scenarios involving image and numerical uncertainties.
Strong antagonism of an endophyte of
Fraxinus excelsior
towards the ash dieback pathogen,
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
, is mediated by the antifungal secondary metabolite PF1140
Authors: Demir Özge , Schulz Barbara , Rabsch Laura , Steinert Michael , Surup Frank 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ash dieback, caused by the fungal pathogen
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
(Helotiales, Ascomycota)
,
is threatening the existence of the European ash,
Fraxineus excelsior
. During our search for biological control agents for this devastating disease, endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy plant tissues and co-cultivated with
H. fraxineus
to assess their antagonistic potential. Among the strains screened,
Penicillium
cf.
manginii
DSM 104493 most strongly inhibited the pathogen. Initially
,
DSM 104493 showed promise
in planta
as a biocontrol agent. Inoculation of DSM 104493 into axenically cultured ash seedlings greatly decreased the development of disease symptoms in seedlings infected with
H. fraxineus
. The fungus was thus cultivated on a larger scale in order to obtain sufficient material to identify active metabolites that accounted for the antibiosis observed in dual culture. We isolated PF1140 (1) and identified it as the main active compound in the course of a bioassay-guided isolation strategy. Furthermore, its derivative 2, the mycotoxin citreoviridin (3), three tetramic acids of the vancouverone type (4–6), and penidiamide (7) were isolated by preparative chromatography. The structures were elucidated mainly by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), of which compounds 2 and 6 represent novel natural products. Of the compounds tested, not only PF1140 (1) strongly inhibited
H. fraxineus
in an agar diffusion assay but also showed phytotoxic effects in a leaf puncture assay. Unfortunately, both the latent virulent attributes of DSM 104493 observed subsequent to these experiments
in planta
and the production of mycotoxins exclude strain
Penicillium
cf.
manginii
DSM 104493 from further development as a safe biocontrol agent.

IMPORTANCE

Environmentally friendly measures are urgently needed to control the causative agent of ash dieback,
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
. Herein, we show that the endophyte DSM 104493 exhibits protective effects
in vitro
and
in planta
. We traced the activity of DSM 104493 to the antifungal natural product PF1140, which unfortunately also showed phytotoxic effects. Our results have important implications for understanding plant-fungal interactions mediated by secondary metabolites, not only in the context of ash dieback but also generally in plant-microbial interactions.
IDO1 promotes CSFV replication by mediating tryptophan metabolism to inhibit NF-κB signaling
Authors: Zhao Feifan , Huang Yaoyao , Ji Junzhi , Liu Xueyi , Li Xiaowen , Zou Linke , Wu Keke , Liu Xiao di , Zeng Sen , Wang Xinyan , Hu Wenshuo , Song Yiwan , Lu Zhimin , Zhou Bolun , Li Peng , Wang Weijun , Zhao Mingqiu , Chen Jinding , Yi Lin , Fan Shuangqi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Tryptophan metabolism plays a crucial role in facilitating various cellular processes essential for maintaining normal cellular function. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), thereby initiating the degradation of Trp. The resulting Kyn metabolites have been implicated in the modulation of immune responses. Currently, the role of IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism in the process of viral infection remains relatively unknown. In this study, we discovered that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection of PK-15 cells can induce the expression of IDO1, thereby promoting tryptophan metabolism. IDO1 can negatively regulate the NF-κB signaling by mediating tryptophan metabolism, thereby facilitating CSFV replication. We found that silencing the IDO1 gene enhances the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6 by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, our observations indicate that both silencing the IDO1 gene and administering exogenous tryptophan can inhibit CSFV replication by counteracting the cellular autophagy induced by Rapamycin. This study reveals a novel mechanism of IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism in CSFV infection, providing new insights and a theoretical basis for the treatment and control of CSFV.

IMPORTANCE
It is well known that due to the widespread use of vaccines, the prevalence of classical swine fever (CSF) is shifting towards atypical and invisible infections. CSF can disrupt host metabolism, leading to persistent immune suppression in the host and causing significant harm when co-infected with other diseases. Changes in the host’s metabolic profiles, such as increased catabolic metabolism of amino acids and the production of immunoregulatory metabolites and their derivatives, can also influence virus replication. Mammals utilize various pathways to modulate immune responses through amino acid utilization, including increased catabolic metabolism of amino acids and the production of immunoregulatory metabolites and their derivatives, thereby limiting viral replication. Therefore, this study proposes that targeting the modulation of tryptophan metabolism may represent an effective approach to control the progression of CSF.