bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatophytes on the feet of HIV‐infected patients: frequency, species distribution, localization and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Korting H. C. , Blecher P. , Stallmann D. , Hamm G. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Skin scrapings from the toe clefts, soles and nail plates of 138 HIV‐infected patients at various stages were examined for the presence of dermatophytes using both microscopy and culture. Dermatophytes, in particular Trichophyton rubrum, could be grown in 58 cases (42%). Although cultures were more often positive in late stages of disease, there was no close correlation with the clinical stage or the T4/T8 ratio. Susceptibility to itraconazole, but not to other antimycotics, was correlated with the immune status (P<0.05). Pedal dermatophyte infection does not seem to be a major problem in HIV infection.Zusammenfassung. Material von den Zwischenzehenräumen, Fußsohlen und Nagelplatten von 138 HIV‐Infizierten unter‐schiedlicher Krankheitsstadien wurde auf die Anwesenheit von Dermatophyten untersucht, mikroskopisch wie kulturell. Dermatophyten, ins‐besondere Trichophyton rubrum, konnten in 58 Fallen angezuchtet werden (42%). Obgleich sich die Kultur in späten Stadien der Erkrankung häufiger als positive erwies, gab es keine engere Korrelation mit dem klinischen Bild oder der T4/T8‐Ratio, Die Empfindlichkeit der Erreger gegenüber Itraconazol, aber nicht den anderen untersuchten Antimykotika, korrelierte mit dem Immunstatus (P<0.05). Dermatophyten‐Infektionen der Füße scheinen kein hervorste‐chendes Problem bei der HIV‐Infektion darzustellen.
Rhinocerebral zygomycosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaernia
Authors: Sica S. , Morace G. , Rocca L. M. La , Etuk B. , Mario A. Di , Pagano L. , Zini G. , Rutella S. , Leone G. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who developed rhinocerebral zygomycosis during the aplastic phase induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy. The patient was treated with fluconazole intravenously (400 mg daily) for 30 days and underwent surgical debridement. As a result of this treatment a complete remission of the zygomycosis‐associated symptoms was observed. The possibility of treating zygomycosis with fluconazole is discussed.Zusammenfassung. Eine an akuter lymphoblastischer Leukämie erkrankte Patientin entwickelte während der Aplasiephase nach antineoplastischer Chemotherapie eine rhinozerebrale Zygomykose. Die Patientin wurde mit 400 mg Fluconazol täglich intravenös über einen Zeitraum von 30 Tagen behandelt, und es wurde ein chirurgisches Debridement durchgeführt. Unter dieser Behandlung kam es zu einem völli‐gen Abklingen der Mykosesymptome. Die Mög‐lichkeit, Fluconazol zur Zygomykose‐Behandlung einzusetzen, wird diskutiert.
A new combined diagnostic approach to clinically and microscopically suspected onychomycosis unproven by culture
Authors: Blecher P. , Korting H. C. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. In clinical practice the suspicion of onychomycosis in a diseased nail plate is not infrequently substantiated by microscopic evaluation of scrapings using a KOH preparation but not by culture. As this may be partly due to inadequate sampling an alternative sampling method may in principle be beneficial. Based on good anecdotal reports of high‐speed fraising this method was used in 24 patients. If culture again proved negative high‐speed fraising was repeated in conjunction with nail biopsy. In the majority of cases high‐speed fraising provided specimens allowing culture of the causative organism. If not, nail biopsy was of additional help. As repeated high‐speed fraising is a non‐invasive non‐laborious method it can be advocated as an additional routine step in the diagnosis of clinically and microscopically suspected onychomycosis initially unproven by culture. Microscopic examination of a biopsy should be considered if material obtained by repeated high‐speed fraising does not reveal fungi upon culture.Zusammenfassung. In der Praxis wird der kli‐nische Verdacht auf eine Onychomykose ange‐sichts einer veränderten Nagelplatte nicht selten durch die mikroskopische Untersuchung von Geschabsel mittels eines Kalilaugenpräparates weiter erhärtet, während die Kultur sich als negativenveist. Da dies zumindest teilweise auf eine nicht optimale Art der Probengewinnung zurückgehen kann, erscheinen alternative Samm‐lungsverfahren vielversprechend. Vor dem Hinter‐grund von im Einzelfall guten Erfahrungen mit der hochtourigen Fräse wurde dieses Gerät bei der Probensammlung bei 24 Patienten eingesetzt. Wenn sich die Kultur wiederum als negativ envies, galt es erneut in entsprechender Weise zu fräsen und parallel eine Nagelbiopsie durchzuführen. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle Iießen sich mit der hochtourigen Fräse Proben gewinnen, die die Kultur des Erregers erlaubten. Wenn nicht, so envies sich die Nagelbiopsie als zusätzlich hilfreich. Da die wiederholte Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Fräsung als nicht invasives und nicht arbeitsaufwendiges Ver‐fahren anzusehen ist, kann sie als zusätzliche Routinemaßnahme bei der Abklärung einer klinisch und mikroskopisch vermuteten Onychomykose und gleichzeitig negativer Kultur empfoh‐len werden. Im Falle wiederholt negativer Ergebnisse kann zusätzlich auf die Nagelbiopsie zurückgegriffen werden.
Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom and Church: a new opportunistic pathogen of human cutaneous aspergillosis
Authors: Naidu Jaishree , Singh S. M. 
Published: July 2010

Three cases of opportunistic cutaneous aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus chevalieri are described. The lesions were erythematous and hyperkeratotic with vesicopapular eruptions and scaling. Histopathology revealed granulomatous reaction showing polymorphonuclear leucocytes around fungal hyphae, which were broad, septate, branched and aggregated in the epidermal area. Oxiconazole and amorolfine, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg ml‐1, were the most active drugs against A. chevalieri ‘in vitro’. A. chevalieri is, for the first time, documented as opportunistic pathogen of man.Zusammenfassung. Es werden drei Fälle opportunistischer, kutaner Aspergillosen beschrieben, verursacht durch Aspergillus chevalieri. Die Läsionen hatten erythematösen Charakter, waren hyperkeratotisch mit vesikopapulären Eruptionen und Schuppung. Histopathologisch zeigte sich eine granulomatöse Reaktion mit polymorphonukleären Granulozyten in der Nachbarschaft von Pilzhyphen, die großlumig, septiert, verzweigt und aggregiert im epidermalen Bereich lokalisiert waren. Oxiconazol und Amorolfin mit MHKs von 10 μg ml‐1 in vitro erwiesen sich als die gegen A. chevalieri wirksamsten Antimykotika. Somit wird A. chevalieri zum ersten Mal als opportunistischer Erreger beim Menschen dokumentiert.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Reblin T. , Meyer A. , Albrecht H. , Greten H. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. We report the case of a 31‐year‐old AIDS patient who had generalized cryptococcal disease with involvement of the lungs, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract and skin as well as chorioretinitis which may have been due also to Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Initially there was no involvement of the central nervous system. The patient recovered after 43 days' treatment with fluconazole and amphotericin B and flucytosine initially. Four months later he presented with a cryptococcal splenic abscess despite secondary prevention with fluconazole and twice‐weekly liposomal amphotericin B. After spleaectomy the patient was discharged in good health. One year later he died of cryptococcal meningitisZusammenfassung. Es wird über einen 31 Jahre alten AIDS‐Patienten mit generalisierter Cryptococcose berichtet. Befallen waren Lunge, Knochenmark, Gastrointestinaltrakt und die Haut; vermutlich war auch eine Chorioretinitis Cryptococcus neoformans‐bedingt. Das Zentralnervensystem war anfänglich nicht betroffen. Der Patient erholte sich unter 43 d Fluconazol‐Behandlung nach anfänglicher Amphotericin B‐Flucytosin‐Kombinationstherapie. 4 Monate später zeigte sich trotz Sekundärprophylaxe mit Fluconazol und wöchentlich zweimaliger Gabe von liposomalem Amphotericin B ein Cryptococcus‐bedingter Milzabszeß. Nach Splenektomie wurde der Patient in gutem Gesundheitszustand entlassen. Ein Jahr später verstarb er an Cryptococcus‐Meningitis.
Microsporum canis infection in a 5‐year‐old boy: transmission from the interior of a second‐hand car
Authors: Thomas P. , Korting H. C. , Strassl W. , Ruzicka T. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Microsporum canis is one of the most common zoophilic dermatophytes. If transmitted to humans, inflammatory lesions may develop, e.g. on the scalp. M. canis was isolated from a 5‐year‐old boy living in a suburban area who suffered from a long‐standing, mildly inflammatory lesion on the scalp that had been treated for several months with anti‐eczematous regimens. There had been no contact with animals, e.g. cats or dogs, in the previous months, but the lesions had developed a few weeks after the family had bought a used car from a dog owner. Indeed, M. conis could be grown on contact plates from the car's interior. This case illustrates that attention should be paid to the often neglected diagnosis of M. canis‐induced tinea capitis and to unusual routes of infection.Zusammenfassung. Einer der häufigsten zoophilen Dermatophyten ist Microsporum canis. Im Falle der Übertragung auf den Menschen entwickelt sich ein entzündlich geprägtes Bild, etwa im Bereich des Kapillitiums. Bei einem 5‐jährigen Jungen konnte aus einem mild entzündlichen, zuvor über Monate antiekzematös behandelten Krankheitsherd am Hinterkopf M. canis angezüchtet werden. Ein Kontakt mit Tieren, insbesondere Katzen oder Hunden während der vorausgegangenen Monate wurde verneint. Allerdings hatte die Familie wenige Wochen vor Auftreten der ersten Hauterscheinungen des Kindes von einem Hundebesitzer einen Gebrauchtwagen erworben, aus dessen Innerem sich über Abklatschplatten ebenfalls M. canis anzüchten ließ. Der Fall zeigt, daß die häufig vernachlässigte Differentialdiagnose Tinea capitis nicht übersehen werden sollte und daß ungewöhnliche Übertragungswege möglich sind.
Expression of heat shock protein 27 in chromomycosis: Hitzeschockprotein 27 bei Chromomykose
Authors: Bayerl Christiane , Fuhrmann Elaine , Coelho C. C. , Lauk L.J. , Moll Ingrid , Jung E. G. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. We report on a 58‐year‐old woman with long‐lasting (36 years) chromomycosis on the foot and secondary self‐inoculation from foot to hand 4 years ago. Mycological classification was performed after culture on Sabouraud glucose agar. We used haematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa staining and an antibody to heat shock protein (HSP) 27 (Stress Gen, Clone G3.1) on paraffinembedded and cryostat specimens of chromomycosis. The mycological culture revealed the fungus Fonsecaea pedosoi. Histopathology revealed dermal fibrosis with persistent fungi (Medlar bodies), numerous mast cells and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Immunohistochemically, HSP 27, was positively identified in F. pedrosoi. Moreover, in differentiating keratinocytes in the pseudoepitheliomatous lesions of chromomycosis, HSP 27 was increasingly expressed from basal layers to stratum spinosum in the epidermis but not in keratinocytes directly bordering Medlar bodies. In chromomycosis, HSP 27 is expressed, in accordance with its role as a marker of differentiation and proliferation, in keratinocytes and also in F. pedrosoi. It remains unknown if these results might explain the therapeutic efficacy of hyperthermic treatment.Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten die Kasuitik einer 58‐jährigen Patientin mit einer über 36 Jahre bestehenden Chromomykose am Fuß und einer sekundären Selbstinokulation vom Fuß auf die Hand vor 4 Jahren. Die mykologische Klassifizierung erfolgte nach Kultur auf Sabouraud‐Glucose‐Agar. In Paraffin‐und Kryoschnitten wurde mit H & E und Giemsa gefärbt und mit einem Antikörper gegen HSP 27 (Stress Gen, Clone G3.1). Die mykologische Kultur zeigte Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Die histopathologische Untersuchung erbrachte eine dermale Fibrose mit persistierendem Erreger (Medlar‐Körperchen), zahlreichen Mastzellen und einer pseudoepithehomatöscn Hyperplasie. Immunhistochemisch färbte HSP 27 den Erreger F. pedrosoi positiv an. Zusätzlich war HSP 27 in den pseudoepitheliomatösen Läsionen der Chromomykose von den basalen Zellagen der Epidemis bis zum Stratum spinosum zunehmend exprimiert, aber nicht in Keratinozyten, die den Medlar‐Körperchen direkt anliegen. In der Chromomykose wird HSP 27 gemäß seiner Bedeutung für Differenzierung und Proliferation in Keratinozyten exprimiert und findet sich zusätzlich im Erreger F. pedrosoi selbst, wobei unklar ist wie und ob diese Befunde die therapeutische Effizienz der Hyperthermie erklären.
The brain‐derived neutrophic factor val66met polymorphism and sudden unexpected infant death
Authors: Opdal SH , Melien Ø , Hynnekleiv T , Rognum TO 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  Findings of hypoxia prior to death and involvement of a dysregulation of the serotonergic network in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may indicate that brain‐derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) also is of importance with regard to sudden unexpected infant death. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to investigate the BDNF val66met polymorphism in SIDS cases, cases of infectious death and controls.Methods:  The polymorphism was investigated in 163 SIDS cases, 34 cases of infectious death and 121 controls, using real‐time PCR and fluorescence melting curve analysis.Results:  There were no differences in val66met genotype distribution between neither the SIDS cases nor the cases of infectious death and controls (p = 0.95 and p = 0.52, respectively).Conclusion:  The study indicates that the val66met polymorphism is not important for sudden unexpected infant death. However, several other SNPs in the BDNF gene, as well as in other genes involved in this pathway, including G‐protein, have to be investigated to fully exclude any involvement of BDNF in SIDS.
PROFLAVINE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF TRYPTOPHAN AND RELATED PEPTIDES
Authors: Banassi C. A. , Scoffone E. , Galiazzo G. , Iori G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract— The photodynamic action of proflavine on the amino acids cystine, rnethionine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan and related peptides was tested in anhydrous formic and acetic acids. Only rnethionine and tryptophan were found to be photooxidized: the former, whether free or bound in a polypeptide chain, is quantitatively converted to methioninesulphoxide; the latter, when free, is fragmented to several compounds, which may be divided into two main classes: melanines and kynurenine derivatives.Whereas masking the carboxyl group of tryptophan has no effect on the photooxidation products, N‐substituted derivatives of tryptophan are converted in high yields to the corre‐sponding kynurenine compounds. The possible applications of the method to biologically active polypeptides are discussed.
PHOTO‐INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM NUCLEOTIDES TO RUTHENIUM‐TRIS‐1,4,5,8TETRAAZAPHENANTHRENE: MODEL FOR PHOTOSENSITIZED DNA OXIDATION
Authors: Lecomte Jean‐Paul , Mesmaeker Andrée Kirsch‐De , Kelly John M. , Tossi Alex B. , Görner Helmut 
Published: July 2010

Abstract— The luminescence quenching of ruthenium‐tris‐l,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrene [Ru(tap)32+] by nucleotides approaches the diffusion rate only with guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (GMP), the most reducing nucleotide, and leads to an electron transfer with the production of the monoreduced complex and the oxidized base. The resulting deprotonated GMP(‐H)radical recombines with the monoreduced complex according to a bimolecular equimolar process.The pH dependence of the decay of the transient reduced complex, in the presence of an oxidant (oxygen or benzoquinone) indicates the formation of Ru(tap)2(tapH)2+i.e. the reduced protonated species, subsequent to the electron transfer, with a pKa of 7.6 as confirmed from pulse radiolysis experiments. As the non‐protonated reduced complex, Ru(tap)2(tap2)+ has a higher reducing power than the protonated one, oxygen is able to reoxidize only the non‐protonated species, whereas benzoquinone reoxidizes both species but with different rate constants.The flash photolysis of Ru(tap),2+ in the presence of DNA and the effect of Mg2+ ions and GMP as supplementary additives also show the existence of a photo‐induced electron transfer with the nucleic acid, which can be correlated to the photosensitized cleavage of DNA by this complex.
DOSE‐RESPONSE OF CHRONIC ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE ON EPIDERMAL FORWARD SCATTERING‐ABSORPTION IN SK‐1 HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN
Authors: Menter Julian M. , Acin Patricia P. , Sayre Robert M. , Willis Isaac 
Published: July 2010

Abstract— This work provides a dose‐response model of UV‐induced epidermal‐stratum corneum thickening induced by irradiation at wavelength X. This model assumes that photobiochemical reaction(s) can give rise to hyperplasia in a manner which is predictable from a simple photochemical kinetic scheme. In this work, we derive an equation which predicts an approximately linear relationship between the logarithm of the increase in optical skin thickening measured at 320 nm (ΔOD320) and total cumulative dose (DT) seen by the target cells in or near the basal layer. For each excitation wavelength Λ, the slope R(Λ) of the log ΔOD320vs DT plot is proportional to ε(Λ) φrx where ε(Λ) is the extinction coefficient for the target chromophore at excitation wavelength, and φrx is the quantum yield for the photochemical reaction(s) leading to hyperplasia. Our data previously obtained from irradiation of SK‐1 hairless mice with “monochromatic” UV wavebands at 280, 290, 300, 307 and 313 nm (Menter et al., 1988, Photochem. Photobiol. 47, 225–260.) and data from Sterenborg and van der Leun at 254 and 313 nm (1988, Photodermatology 5, 71–82) are in good agreement with this model, except for 254 and 280 nm excitation, which are greatly attenuated by epidermis‐stratum corneum. For excitation at the latter wavelengths, “dark” regressive processes successfully compete with the “light” reaction(s) which lead to (pre)cancerous lesion. This difficulty notwithstanding, the “intrinsic” action spectrum for hyperplasia derived from these measurements indicates that the target chromophore preferentially absorbs in the UV‐C region.Assuming ε(Λ) ≅ 1000 M‐1 cm‐1 of 280 nm, our values of R(Λ) indicate that the photochemical reaction(s) leading to hyperplasia are roughly as efficient as thymine photodimerization in aqueous solution, with φrx≅ 4 × 10–4. This work is important because it illustrates that, to a first approximation, even complex photobiological processes may be rationalized on the basis of fundamental photochemical processes, as occurring in “simple” homogeneous photochemical reactions in solution.
UVA PHOTOLYSIS USING THE PROTEIN‐BOUND SENSITIZERS PRESENT IN HUMAN LENS
Authors: Ortwerth* B. J. , Olesen P. R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract—This research was undertaken to demonstrate that the protein‐bound chromophores in aged human lens can act as sensitizers for protein damage by UVA light. The water‐insoluble (WI) proteins from pooled human and bovine lenses were solubilized by sonication in water and illuminated with UV light similar in output to that transmitted by the cornea. Analysis of the irradiated proteins showed a linear decrease in sulfiydryl groups with a 30% loss after 2 h. No loss was seen when native a‐crystallin was irradiated under the same conditions. A 25% loss of histidine residues was also observed with the human lens WI fraction, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels indicated considerable protein cross‐linking. Similar photodamage was seen with a WI fraction from old bovine lenses. While the data show the presence of UVA sensitizers, some histidine destruction and protein cross‐linking were also obtained with a‐crystallin and with lysozyme, which argue that part of the histidine loss in the human WISS was likely due to tryptophan acting as a sensitizer.A preparation of human WI proteins was irradiated with a total of 200 J/cm2 of absorbed light at 10 nm intervals from 290 to 400 nm. Photodamage of cysteine SH groups (35%) and methionine (28Y0) was maximum at 330 nm and diminished linearly at longer wavelengths. The major loss of tryptophan (80%) occurred at 290 nm, but destruction was observed throughout the UVA range. Tyrosine was 35% destroyed at 290 nm but decreased sharply to only 50 at 330 nm. A constant loss of histidine (20%) was seen at all wavelengths from 290 to 360 nm, with some loss (7–8%) even at 400 nm. These action spectra show that the human lens WI fraction contains a collection of protein‐bound UVA sensitizers that can cause protein photodamage similar to that seen in cataractous lenses.
THE ACTION SPECTRUM FOR INDUCTION OF CHRONIC ACTINIC DERMATITIS IS SIMILAR TO THAT FOR SUNBURN INFLAMMATION
Authors: Menagé H. du P. , Harrison G. I. , Potten C. S. , Young A. R. , Hawk J. L. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe action spectrum for induction of the abnormal cutaneous response at 24 h in the photosensitivity disorder chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) was determined in 15 patients and found to be the same in shape as that for normal sunburn in fair‐skinned individuals at 24 h, as determined for 47 control volunteers, although displaced in magnitude. This suggests that an endogenous chromophore(s), the same as or similar to that/those responsible for human sunburn, may be responsible for initiation of the abnormal reaction to irradiation in CAD, and that the putative antigen associated with the CAD reaction may be derived from that/those or associated molecules.
THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN RETINAL LIPOFUSCIN AS STUDIED BY EPR
Authors: Reszka Krzysztof , Eldred Graig E. , Wang Ren‐Hong , Chignell Colin , Dillon James 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluorescent material generated in the human retina accumulates within lipofuscin (HLF) granules of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during aging. We have been investigating the possible light‐induced contribution of these fluorophores to various diseases including age‐related macular degeneration. Our studies have shown that some of the fluorescent components of HLF are products of the reaction of retinaldehyde with ethanolamine and that synthetic mixtures of this reaction can serve as a useful model for photophysical studies. Previous research by us has demonstrated that irradiation of either natural or synthetic lipofuscin resulted in the formation of a triplet state and possibly a free radical. Here EPR studies were performed to verify the formation of that radical. The UV irradiation of either synthetic or natural human retinal lipofuscin extracts in oxygen‐free methanol led to the formation of a 5,5‐dimethylpyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) spin‐trapped carbon‐centered radical resulting from either hydrogen atom or electron abstraction from solvent molecules. In the presence of oxygen superoxide was formed, which was observed as a DMPO adduct. It is concluded that certain components of the chloroform‐soluble fluorophores of human RPE lipofuscin granules and the fluorescent reaction products of retinaldehyde and ethanolamine are photophysically similar but not the same. Electron or hydrogen abstraction from a substrate by these fluorophores in vivo and the resulting radical products may contribute to the age‐related decline of RPE function and blue light damage in the retina.