bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological citizenship and national identity
Authors: Sindic Denis 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I raise the question of whether psychological citizenship (i.e. the subjective sense of being a citizen) is necessarily intertwined with a sense of national identity in our contemporary world. First, I argue that psychological citizenship is always dependent upon a sense of shared identity with the community (be it national or other), and I explore some of the reasons why this is the case. Second, I argue that such sense of shared identity can nevertheless sometimes remain implicit so that in order to assess its impact one may need to look beyond people's explicit statements of identification. Third, I turn to the more specific question of national identity and argue that such identity presents particular characteristics that make it consonant with the notion of citizenship (and thus able to sustain a subjective sense of citizenship) in ways that other identities might not always be. Finally, I compare a psychological citizenship based on national identity to one which would be based on a ‘global’ or ‘cosmopolitan’ identity. I argue that, whilst the former constitutes a pervasive social psychological reality, doubts can be raised as to whether this is the case for the latter, and thus as to whether it can form a credible alternative to national identity as the psychological substrate of citizenship. I conclude with some reflections concerning what different approaches of social psychology can bring to the study of the psychological aspects of citizenship. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of iodide on the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and motile activity in axonemal dynein
Authors: Nakano Izumi , Fujiwara Rin , Wada Mikiyo , Shingyoji Chikako 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDynein transduces the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work through conformational changes. To identify the factors governing the coupling between the ATPase activity and the motile activity of the dynein molecule, we examined the effects of potassium iodide, which can unfold protein tertiary structures, on dynein activity in reactivated sea urchin sperm flagella. The presence of low concentrations of KI (0.05–0.1 M) in the reactivating solution did not influence the stable beating of demembranated flagella at 0.02–1 mM ATP, when the total concentration of potassium was kept at 0.15 M by adding K‐acetate. However, double‐reciprocal plots of ATP concentration and beat frequency showed a mixed type of inhibition by KI, indicating the possibility that KI inhibits the ATP hydrolysis and decreases the maximum sliding velocity. The ATPase activity of 21S dynein with or without microtubules did not decrease with the KI concentration. In the elastase‐treated axonemes, KI decreased the velocity of sliding disintegration, while it increased the frequency of occurrence of axonemes showing no sliding. This may be related to some defect in the coordination of dynein activities. On 21S dynein adsorbed on a glass surface, however, the velocity of microtubule sliding was increased by KI, while KI lowered the dynein‐microtubule affinity. The velocity further increased under lower salt conditions enhancing the dynein‐microtubule interactions. The results suggest the importance of organized regulation of the dynamic states of dynein‐microtubule interactions through the stalk for the coupling between the ATPase activity and the motile activity of dynein in beating flagella. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of tailored higher modes of a birdcage to design a simple double‐tuned proton/phosphorus coil for human calf muscle studies at 7 T
Authors: Webb A.G. , Smith N.B. , Aussenhofer S. , Kan H.E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA large number of designs exist for double‐ or multiple‐tuned radiofrequency (RF) coils, based largely upon the use of trap circuits (either bandstop or bandpass) or two circuits with significant mutual inductive coupling. An alternative approach is to use an RF coil, which intrinsically has several resonant modes. As is well‐known, the homogeneity of the N/2 resonant modes of an N leg birdcage decreases significantly with N. However, here we show that at high field (7 T) driving even a very high mode produces sufficient signal throughout the calf muscle to allow anatomical proton imaging, Dixon‐based fat/water separation and localized B0 shimming for 31P MR spectroscopy. The full sensitivity of the 31P coil is maintained which is important for applications in muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophies, where fat infiltration leads to significant reduction in muscle tissue. In addition to showing 1H and 31P data sets from several volunteers, empirical formulae for estimating the frequencies of higher birdcage modes are derived, and electromagnetic simulations of coil performance presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 89–97, 2011
Dataflow detection and applications to workflow scheduling
Authors: Wang Yang , Lu Paul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn high‐performance computing (HPC)textitworkloads (i.e. the set of computations to be completed), the same computational workflow of jobs (e.g. a Pipeline, a Fork&Join, or a Lattice graph) may be applied to different input files and parameters. Each of these workflow instances has the same workflow shape, but accesses (possibly) separate input, intermediate, and output files. Therefore, the selective isolation of each workflow instance can be important for maximizing scheduling flexibility and performance. However, in practice, realizing this benefit is not obvious due to a variety of problems and constraints. For example, the unmediated interaction of different workflow instances can lead to a problem of filename conflicts between concurrent workflow instances overwriting common files, which, for a control‐flow driven batch scheduler, may result in either unsafe computation of the multiple instances in the same sub‐directory or storage overheads when multiple directories are used. We propose a novel approach of selectively coupling and integrating job schedulers and file systems, known as a Workflow‐aware File System (WaFS), with two major benefits. First, separate namespaces can be constructed on a per‐instance basis to maximize the concurrency of workflow instances, despite filename conflicts, while minimizing storage overhead. Second, exploiting inferred dataflow information, trade‐offs can be made between makespan and storage overhead while maintaining correctness. Through a simulation‐based study, we have shown the potential benefits of WaFS to job concurrency and we have characterized the trade‐offs that can be made between storage overhead and performance. New scheduling policies, Versioned Namespace (VNS), Overwrite‐Safe Concurrency (OSC) and hybrids, are made possible by WaFS, with different advantages and disadvantages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the implementation of two‐dimensional numerical quadrature on GPU, FPGA and ClearSpeed systems to study electron scattering by atoms
Authors: Gillan C. J. , Steinke T. , Bock J. , Borchert S. , Spence I. , Scott N. S. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe use of accelerators, with compute architectures different and distinct from the CPU, has become a new research frontier in high‐performance computing over the past five years. This paper is a case study on how the instruction‐level parallelism offered by three accelerator technologies, FPGA, GPU and ClearSpeed, can be exploited in atomic physics. The algorithm studied is the evaluation of two electron integrals, using direct numerical quadrature, a task that arises in the study of intermediate energy electron scattering by hydrogen atoms. The results of our ‘productivity’ study show that while each accelerator is viable, there are considerable differences in the implementation strategies that must be followed on each. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1(3H)‐isobenzofuranone (6‐F‐NBP), a derivative of dl‐n‐butylphthalide, inhibits glutamate‐induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
Authors: Zhao Na , Ji Meng‐Xue , Xu Ling , Ji Bian‐Sheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is widely recognized that glutamate (Glu)‐induced cytotoxicity, intracellular calcium overload and the excessive free radical production are key events in the development and progression of ischemic brain injury. dl‐3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP), an anti‐ischemic agent, has therapeutic effects in animal models of vascular dementia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of 3‐butyl‐6‐fluoro‐1(3H)‐isobenzofuranone (6‐F‐NBP), a derivative of NBP on Glu‐induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, and to compare this action with NBP. The results showed that after 24‐h incubation with Glu (5 mM), cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were decreased. In contrast, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and apoptosis rate, as well as intracellular accumulation of [Ca2+]i, were increased, 6‐F‐NBP inhibited the damage induced by Glu in a dose‐dependent manner and exerted a more potent effect than NBP, indicating that 6‐F‐NBP exhibited a protective effect against Glu‐induced cytotoxicity in cultured PC12 cells. Drug Dev Res 73: 11–17, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical characteristics of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 as a cathode
Authors: Ichibakase Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLa0.5Sr0.5CoO3 was employed as a cathode for the first time when a plasma display panel was used on a handheld personal computer. It has favorable sputtering resistance characteristics and stable discharge characteristics in gases. In this report, the electrical characteristics of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 are investigated through an analysis of a DC plasma panel fabricated as a prototype. The dimensions of the test plasma panel were measured exactly by an end‐measuring machine, and its electrical properties were estimated. In the analysis of the DC plasma panel, LaB6 and metallic Ni cathodes were investigated in the same way, and a comparative analysis was carried out. In the analysis of a sputtering experiment conducted in an AC sputtering apparatus, the sputter rate of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 was greater than that of LaB6, and the sputter rate of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 used as a cathode was smaller than that of other materials. La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 has a greater secondary‐emission coefficient γ than LaB6 or metallic Ni. It is inferred that the greater secondary‐emission coefficient γ of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 reduces the sputter rate when it is used as a cathode. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(5): 55–62, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10175
Deposition rate and movement effect of paraffin‐based EBID
Authors: Kai Satoshi , Takahashi Koji , Norsyazwan Hilmi , Ikuta Tatsuya , Nishiyama Takashi , Nagayama Kunihito 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectron‐beam‐induced deposition (EBID) is a simple and versatile technique of processing materials for three‐dimensional nanoscale structures. A variety of precursor molecules can be used to build a localized solid deposition by the exposure of a substrate to an electron beam. This paper reports nano carbon deposition using solid n‐tetracosane as a precursor, because this paraffin‐based EBID can be introduced into existing scanning electron microscope (SEM) systems without difficulty. The paraffin is prepared on an aluminum film and operated by a manipulator in the SEM. The effects of the accelerating voltage, beam current, magnification, distance from the paraffin to the exposure point, the amount of paraffin, and the working distance are measured and discussed. It is found that the electron‐beam‐induced etching and the beam diameter are sometimes the dominant factors influencing the deposition rate, and that the thickness of the paraffin also affects the deposition distribution. Electron‐beam bending, which is a critical factor causing degradation of nanofabrication, is treated carefully in order to understand the declination of carbon pillars. The obtained carbon pillar configurations suggest that electrically charged paraffin produced during preliminary irradiation of the electron beam causes a Coulomb force and results in the movement effect of deposition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(5): 39–46, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10192
Study on model for predicting the intra‐individual difference in left prefrontal pole electroencephalogram variability and its evaluation
Authors: Ito Shin‐Ichi , Mitsukura Yasue , Fukumi Minoru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel statistical model for estimating the intraindividual difference in left prefrontal cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and a method for evaluating the proposed model. It is known that EEGs contain individual characteristics. However, extraction of these individual characteristics has not been reported. The analyzed frequency components of an EEG can be subdivided into components that contain a significant number of features, and components that do not contain such features. From the viewpoint of these feature differences, we propose a model for extracting the features of an EEG. The model assumes a latent structure and employs factor analysis, treating the model error as personal error. We consider the first factor loading, which is calculated by eigenvalue decomposition, as the EEG feature. Furthermore, we use a k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm for evaluating the proposed model and the extracted EEG features. In general, the distance metric used is the Euclidean distance. It is possible that the distance metric used depends on the characteristics of the extracted EEG features and on the subject. Therefore, depending on the subject, we use one of three distance metrics: the Euclidean distance, the cosine distance, or the coefficient of correlation. Finally, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed model, we present the results of an experiment using real EEG data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(5): 9–16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10326
Improving furnace and boiler cost‐effectiveness and CO2 emission by adjusting excess air
Authors: Lee Chien‐Li , Jou Chih‐Ju G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReducing the input excess air or airflow rate to a furnace or boiler will result in decreasing transmission rate of the thermal flow from the radiation zone to the convection heating surface zone in the furnace. Results of the plant‐scale test presented in this article show that if the furnace is operated at 3.6 × 107 kcal/h of combustion capacity, decreasing the residual O2 concentration in the furnace flue gas from 4% to 2.5% will save 9.3 × 103 m3 of natural gas consumption, and 2.1 × 104 tons of CO2 emission annually. For the boiler tested in the study, 1.8 × 105 m3 of natural gas consumption and 3.9 × 105 tons of CO2 emission will be reduced annually if it is operated with 90 ton/h steam yield. Hence, controlling the input excess air (or oxygen) as an important operating alternative to enhance thermal efficiency, and alleviate environmental impact of a heater furnace and boiler has been confirmed in this research. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Do medically unexplained somatic symptoms predict depression in older Chinese?
Authors: Yu Doris S.F. , Lee Diana T.F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the pattern of somatic presentation of depression among older Chinese by examining the association between medically unexplained somatic symptoms and depression.SubjectsThe population comprised 1433 Chinese 65 years or older recruited from 11 older community centres distributed across the three main territory regions of Hong Kong.MethodData were collected between January and December 2008, with a response rate of 72.3%. Data on socio‐demographic background, medical profile and somatic symptoms were collected. The Mental Health Inventory (five‐item) was used for depression screening. Medically unexplained somatic symptoms were defined as those not explained by any known medical pathology.ResultsThe prevalence of depression among older Chinese was 16.5%. They reported more frequently than did the non‐depressed six medically unexplained somatic symptoms. After being adjusted for age, living arrangements, social support, financial strain, major stressful life events and chronic illness, depression was found to be significantly associated with all medically unexplained somatic symptoms (odds ratio: 1.667–2.268). Indeed, depressed older people were more likely to have multiple symptoms than were the non‐depressed, the odds ratio increasing from 2.64 (95%CI: 1.884–3.717) for two co‐existing symptoms to 4.521 (95%CI: 1.872–10.917) for six symptoms.ConclusionOlder Chinese with depression were more likely to have multiple medically unexplained somatic symptoms, particularly fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and gastro‐intestinal problems. Health care professionals need to be aware of this pattern of somatization and take active steps to rule out any underlying psychological etiology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment and treatment of behavior problems in dementia in nursing home residents: a comparison of the approaches of physicians, psychologists, and nurse practitioners
Authors: Cohen‐Mansfield Jiska , Jensen Barbara , Resnick Barbara , Norris Margaret 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare physicians (MDs), psychologists (PhDs), and nurse practitioners (NPs) regarding their approach to dementia‐associated behavior problems in nursing home residents.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire solicited information about symptoms, assessment methods, suspected etiologies, and interventions with respect to the last resident treated for dementia‐associated behavior problems.ResultsResponses were obtained from 108 MDs, 38 PhDs, and 100 NPs. All groups relied similarly on information from the nursing staff, speaking with nursing assistants, and care team meetings in assessment; NPs were more likely to consult with family members. A standard assessment instrument was used most frequently by PhDs (50%), but this generally assessed cognitive status rather than problem behaviors. PhDs most frequently noted depression in residents. Groups were similar in attributing the behavioral symptoms to dementia and to underlying medical conditions, but PhDs were more likely to indicate depression, loneliness/boredom, staff‐resident communication, and insufficient activities as etiologies. Use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions of MDs and NPs were similar. PhDs reported least satisfaction with treatment.ConclusionAwareness of similarities and differences in the approaches of different health professionals can facilitate interdisciplinary interaction in providing care for dementia‐associated behavior problems in nursing home residents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, isolation, and isomerization of two stereoisomers of 2,3,7,8‐tetramethyl‐5,10‐di(p‐tolyl)‐5,10‐dihydrostibanthrene
Authors: Uchiyama Yosuke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo stereoisomers, trans form 1a and cis form 1b, of 2,3,7,8‐tetramethyl‐5,10‐di(p‐tolyl)‐5,10‐dihydrostibanthrene (1) were successfully synthesized. Both of 1a and 1b were characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed the orientations of two p‐tolyl groups at the 5,10‐positions, the configurations at the antimony and the conformation of the central tricyclic system. DFT calculations [B3LYP/6‐31G(d) for C and H, LANL2DZ for Sb] of 5,10‐diphenyl‐5,10‐dihydrostibanthrene (3) were performed to give three optimized structures trans 3a, cis_exo 3b′, and cis_endo 3b′′, in the ground states, 3a being the most stable. The trans–cis isomerization of 1 was observed in 1‐chloronaphthalene at above ca. 200°C and was revealed to occur via vertex inversion at the antimony, because the energy barrier of the configurational isomerization was estimated to have high inversion barrier by kinetics and the isomerization showed no solvent effect. On the other hand, the trans–trans and the cis_exo–cis_endo isomerization of 1 were not observed even at −102°C in a CD2Cl2 solution, indicating that the conformational isomerization has quite low energy barriers and proceeds via skeletal inversion of the tricyclic system. The energy barrier of the conformational isomerization was estimated to be much lower than that of the configurational exchange by DFT calculations of searching for transition state using the synchronous transit‐guided quasi‐Newton (STQN) method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:377–387, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20693
Syntheses, structures, and complexation of cis‐ and trans‐cycloheptane‐1,2‐diyl‐fused crown thioethers ([12]ansS4)
Authors: Ishii Akihiko , Asami Sohei , Fujiwara Yoko , Ono Aya , Nakata Norio 
Published: April 2011

Abstractcis‐ and trans‐Cycloheptane‐1,2‐diyl‐fused crown thioethers ([12]ansS4), 2,3‐cis‐ and 2,3‐trans‐cycloheptano‐1,4,7,10‐tetrathiacyclododecanes (cis‐2 and (±)‐trans‐2), were synthesized from newly prepared cis‐ and trans‐cycloheptane‐1,2‐ditiols, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analyses on cis‐2 and (–)‐trans‐2, which was obtained by optical resolution of (±)‐trans‐2 with a chiral column, showed that in cis‐2 the S‐C‐C‐S part fused with the cis‐cycloheptane‐1,2‐diyl adopted a gauche orientation and that in (–)‐trans‐2 all S‐C‐C‐S parts took anti‐conformations. A competitive complexation experiment of cis‐2 and (±)‐trans‐2 with AgOTf revealed that cis‐2 was more favorable than (±)‐trans‐2 for the complexation. The structure of [Ag(cis‐2)]NO3 was analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:388–396, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20695
Smoking adversely affects survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Varadarajan Ramya , Licht Andrea S. , Hyland Andrew J. , Ford Laurie A. , Sait Sheila N.J. , Block Annemarie W. , Barcos Maurice , Baer Maria R. , Wang Eunice S. , Wetzler Meir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSmoking adversely affects hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome. We asked whether smoking affected outcome of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with chemotherapy. Data were collected on 280 AML patients treated with high‐dose cytarabine and idarubicin‐containing regimens at Roswell Park Cancer Institute who had smoking status data at diagnosis. Patients' gender, age, AML presentation (de novo vs. secondary), white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis, karyotype and smoking status (never vs. ever) were analyzed. Among the 161 males and 119 females with a median follow‐up of 12.9 months, 101 (36.1%) had never smoked and 179 (63.9%) were ever smokers. The proportion of patients between never and ever smokers was similar to respect to age, AML presentation, WBC count at diagnosis or karyotype based on univariate analysis of these categorical variables. Never smokers had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) (60.32 months) compared to ever smokers (30.89; p = 0.005). In multivariate analysis incorporating gender, age, AML presentation, WBC count, karyotype and smoking status as covariates, age, karyotype and smoking status retained prognostic value for OS. In summary, cigarette smoking has a deleterious effect on OS in AML.