bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional connectivity and coastal expansion: differentiating pre‐border and post‐border vectors for the invasive tunicate Styela clava
Authors: GOLDSTIEN S. J. , SCHIEL D. R. , GEMMELL N. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe dramatic increase in marine bio‐invasions, particularly of non‐indigenous ascidians, has highlighted the vulnerability of marine ecosystems and the productive sectors that rely on them. A critical issue in managing invasive species is determining the relative roles of ongoing introductions, versus the local movement of propagules from established source populations. Styela clava (Herdman, 1882), the Asian clubbed tunicate, once restricted to the Pacific shores of Asia and Russia, is now abundant throughout the northern and southern hemispheres and has had significant economic impact in at least one site of incursion. In 2005 S. clava was identified in New Zealand. The recent introduction of this species, coupled with its restricted distribution, provided an ideal model to compare and contrast the introduction and expansion process. In this study, the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) gene and 11 microsatellite markers were used to test the regional genetic structure and diversity of 318 S. clava individuals from 10 populations within New Zealand. Both markers showed significant differentiation between the northern and southern populations, indicative of minimal pre‐ or post‐border connectivity. Additional statistics further support pre‐ and post‐border differentiation among Port and Harbour populations (i.e. marinas and aquaculture farms). We conclude that New Zealand receives multiple introductions, and that the primary vector for pre‐border incursions and post‐border spread is most likely the extensive influx of recreational vessels that enter northern marinas independent of the Port. This is a timely reminder of the potential for hull‐fouling organisms to expand their range as climates change and open new pathways.
The Casiquiare river acts as a corridor between the Amazonas and Orinoco river basins: biogeographic analysis of the genus Cichla
Authors: WILLIS S. C. , NUNES M. , MONTAÑA C. G. , FARIAS I. P. , ORTÍ G. , LOVEJOY N. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Casiquiare River is a unique biogeographic corridor between the Orinoco and Amazonas basins. We investigated the importance of this connection for Neotropical fishes using peacock cichlids (Cichla spp.) as a model system. We tested whether the Casiquiare provides a conduit for gene flow between contemporary populations, and investigated the origin of biogeographic distributions that span the Casiquiare. Using sequences from the mitochondrial control region of three focal species (C. temensis, C. monoculus, and C. orinocensis) whose distributions include the Amazonas, Orinoco, and Casiquiare, we constructed maximum likelihood phylograms of haplotypes and analyzed the populations under an isolation‐with‐migration coalescent model. Our analyses suggest that populations of all three species have experienced some degree of gene flow via the Casiquiare. We also generated a mitochondrial genealogy of all Cichla species using >2000 bp and performed a dispersal‐vicariance analysis (DIVA) to reconstruct the historical biogeography of the genus. This analysis, when combined with the intraspecific results, supports two instances of dispersal from the Amazonas to the Orinoco. Thus, our results support the idea that the Casiquiare connection is important across temporal scales, facilitating both gene flow and the dispersal and range expansion of species.
Scale‐dependent genetic structure of the Idaho giant salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus) in stream networks
Authors: MULLEN LINDY B. , ARTHUR WOODS H. , SCHWARTZ MICHAEL K. , SEPULVEDA ADAM J. , LOWE WINSOR H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe network architecture of streams and rivers constrains evolutionary, demographic and ecological processes of freshwater organisms. This consistent architecture also makes stream networks useful for testing general models of population genetic structure and the scaling of gene flow. We examined genetic structure and gene flow in the facultatively paedomorphic Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus, in stream networks of Idaho and Montana, USA. We used microsatellite data to test population structure models by (i) examining hierarchical partitioning of genetic variation in stream networks; and (ii) testing for genetic isolation by distance along stream corridors vs. overland pathways. Replicated sampling of streams within catchments within three river basins revealed that hierarchical scale had strong effects on genetic structure and gene flow. amova identified significant structure at all hierarchical scales (among streams, among catchments, among basins), but divergence among catchments had the greatest structural influence. Isolation by distance was detected within catchments, and in‐stream distance was a strong predictor of genetic divergence. Patterns of genetic divergence suggest that differentiation among streams within catchments was driven by limited migration, consistent with a stream hierarchy model of population structure. However, there was no evidence of migration among catchments within basins, or among basins, indicating that gene flow only counters the effects of genetic drift at smaller scales (within rather than among catchments). These results show the strong influence of stream networks on population structure and genetic divergence of a salamander, with contrasting effects at different hierarchical scales.
IgE to peanut allergen components: relation to peanut symptoms and pollen sensitization in 8‐year‐olds
Authors: Asarnoj A. , Movérare R. , Östblom E. , Poorafshar M. , Lilja G. , Hedlin G. , Van Hage M. , Ahlstedt S. , Wickman M. 
Published: February 2010

To cite this article: Asarnoj A, Movérare R, Östblom E, Poorafshar M, Lilja G, Hedlin G, van Hage M, Ahlstedt S, Wickman M. IgE to peanut allergen components: relation to peanut symptoms and pollen sensitization in 8‐year‐olds. Allergy 2010; 65: 1189–1195.AbstractBackground:  Allergen‐specific IgE testing is often performed with crude peanut extract, but the results may be difficult to interpret because of cross‐reactions between peanut and other plant allergens. The aim was to investigate IgE reactivity to peanut allergen components in children from a birch‐rich region in relation to pollen sensitization and peanut symptoms.Methods:  From a birth cohort, clinical parameters were obtained through questionnaires and IgE antibody levels to peanut and birch pollen were measured. Different peanut/birch sensitization phenotypes were defined among 200 selected children. IgE reactivity to peanut and pollen allergen components was analysed using microarray technique.Results:  Peanut symptoms were reported in 87% of the children with IgE reactivity to any of the peanut allergens Ara h 1, 2 or 3 but not to Ara h 8 (n = 46) vs 17% of children with IgE reactivity to Ara h 8 but not to Ara h 1, 2 or 3 (n = 23), P < 0.001. Furthermore, symptoms were more severe in children with Ara h 1, 2 or 3 reactivity. Children with IgE reactivity both to Ara h 2 and to Ara h 1 or 3 more often reported peanut symptoms than children with IgE only to Ara h 2 (97%vs 70%, P = 0.016), particularly respiratory symptoms (50%vs 9%, P = 0.002).Conclusions:  IgE analysis to peanut allergen components may be used to distinguish between peanut‐sensitized individuals at risk of severe symptoms and those likely to have milder or no symptoms to peanut if sensitized to pollen allergens and their peanut homologue allergens.
Drug management in emergent liver transplantation of mitochondrial disorder carriers: review of the literature
Authors: Vater Youri , Dembo Gregory , Martay Kenneth , Klein Yifat , Vitin Alex , Weinbroum Avi A. 
Published: February 2010

Vater Y, Dembo G, Martay K, Klein Y, Vitin A, Weinbroum AA. Drug management in emergent liver transplantation of mitochondrial disorder carriers: review of the literature. Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01203.x © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Mitochondrial respiratory‐chain disorders (MRCD) lead to progressive disabling of neurological and cellular conditions that involve muscles, brain, kidney, and liver dysfunction. Affected individuals may need surgery, including orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Surgery poses anesthesia challenges because of the prolonged use of anesthetic drugs and sedatives, which may inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, mimic mitochondrial cytopathic disorders, or unveil them ex novo.Materials and methods:  We conducted a multilingual PubMed search of surgical and non‐surgical anesthesia reports between the years 1992 and 2008, where anesthetic drugs were used in MRCD patients, especially for those undergoing urgent OLTs.Results:  There were 51 case reports of 210 anesthesia and critical care interventions in patients with MRCD, a large part of them were children. Data pertaining to the safe usage of anesthesia and perioperative drugs were limited and conflicting. We found no article that addressed the issue of perioperative handling of urgent OLT in MRCD patients. We therefore suggest our own – although limited – experience for such occasions.Conclusion:  There are no randomized, controlled, trial‐based indications regarding safe anesthetic drugs to be used perioperatively in MRCD carriers. Consultation among geneticists, anesthesiologists, intensivists, and surgeons is essential in patients with known/suspected metabolic syndrome for planning appropriate perioperative care.
Methyl jasmonate and miconazole differently affect arteminisin production and gene expression in Artemisia annua suspension cultures
Authors: Caretto S. , Quarta A. , Durante M. , Nisi R. , De Paolis A. , Blando F. , Mita G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Artemisia annua L. is a herb traditionally used for treatment of fevers. The glandular trichomes of this plant accumulate, although at low levels, artemisinin, which is highly effective against malaria. Due to the great importance of this compound, many efforts have been made to improve knowledge on artemisinin production both in plants and in cell cultures. In this study, A. annua suspension cultures were established in order to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and miconazole on artemisinin biosynthesis. Twenty‐two micro molar MeJA induced a three‐fold increase of artemisinin production in around 30 min; while 200 μm miconazole induced a 2.5‐fold increase of artemisinin production after 24 h, but had severe effects on cell viability. The influence of these treatments on expression of biosynthetic genes was also investigated. MeJA induced up‐regulation of CYP71AV1, while miconazole induced up‐regulation of CPR and DBR2.
The Computational Mechanisms of Mate Choice
Authors: Castellano Sergio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn many species, mating signals encode information important for both species recognition and mate quality assessment. I investigate how the computational mechanisms used by females to integrate the two sources of information can affect their mating decisions. First, I present a sequential analysis model of decision making based on a two‐component signal, in which the first component encodes information important for mate quality assessment and the second component for species recognition. When the components interact additively, the ability of females to discriminate between signals that differ in only the component important for mate‐quality assessment is the same independently of the value of the species‐recognition component. In contrast, when the components interact multiplicatively, discrimination in mate quality depends also on the species‐recognition component, which can either amplify or attenuate the perceived differences in mate quality. In the second part of the paper, I show results of a two‐choice phonotaxis experiment on female Italian treefrogs, Hyla intermedia, that confirm the model predictions by showing that directional preferences for call rate (important for mate‐quality assessment) are stronger when pulse‐rate and fundamental frequency (important for species recognition) are close to the preferred population mean than when they are either higher or lower than the mean.
No Plastic Responses to Experimental Manipulation of Sperm Competition per se in a Free‐Living Flatworm
Authors: Sandner Peter , Schärer Lukas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the absence of sperm competition evolutionary theory predicts low mating rates and low ejaculate expenditure per mating, and sex allocation theory for simultaneous hermaphrodites predicts a strongly female‐biased sex allocation. In the presence of sperm competition a shift towards a more male‐biased sex allocation and a higher ejaculate expenditure are predicted. The free‐living flatworm Macrostomum lignano has been shown to respond plastically in mating rate, testis size, and sperm transfer to manipulation of the social group size, a proxy of the strength of sperm competition. However, manipulation of social group size may manipulate not only sperm competition, but also other factors, such as food supply and metabolite concentration. In this study we therefore manipulated sperm competition per se by repeatedly exposing individuals to partners that have either mated with rivals or not, while keeping the social group size constant. Our results suggest that M. lignano does not have the ability to detect sperm competition per se, as worms experimentally exposed to the presence or absence of sperm competition did not differ in sex allocation, sperm transfer or mating behavior. A response to our manipulation would have required individual recognition, the ability to detect self‐referencing tags, or tags or traces left by rivals on or in the mating partners. We first discuss the possibility that highly efficient sperm displacement may have decreased the difference between the treatment groups and then propose three alternative cues that may allow M. lignano to respond plastically to the social group size manipulation used in earlier studies: assessment of the mating rate, chemical cues, or tactile cues.
Evidence that Refractoriness to Long and Short Daylengths Regulates Seasonal Reproductive Transitions in Mediterranean Goats
Authors: Gómez‐Brunet A , Santiago‐Moreno J , Toledano‐Díaz A , López‐Sebastián A 
Published: February 2010

ContentsTwo experiments were performed to assess the role of refractoriness to long and short daylengths in the timing of seasonal reproductive transitions in Mediterranean Malagueña goats. In the first experiment, intact adult does were either maintained under natural photoperiod conditions (NP; n = 5) or exposed to a constant long day photoperiod (LD – 16 h light/day; n = 5) from June to December 2005. In the second experiment, does were maintained either under NP conditions (n = 5) or received a series of subcutaneous melatonin implants (MI) from December 2005 to June 2006 to mimic a short day signal (n = 5). In both experiments, ovulatory activity was assayed by determining progesterone concentrations in blood samples collected twice per week. The onset of seasonal ovulatory activity did not differ (p > 0.05) between the LD and NP does (3 October ±5 days and 23 September ±3 days respectively). The simulated short days did not modify (p > 0.05) the timing of the end of ovulatory activity. The MI does become anoestrus at the same time (1 March ±9 days) as their NP counterparts (23 February ±8 days). These results indicate that, in Malagueña does, the onset and offset of anoestrus are not driven by photoperiod changes but appear to be the result of long and short day refractoriness respectively. An endogenous circannual rhythm may therefore be involved in regulating seasonal reproductive changes in these animals.
Successful percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in a haemodynamically unstable patient with massive pulmonary embolism
Authors: PORRES‐AGUILAR Mateo , MUNOZ Oscar C. , ALVAREZ Paola , GONZALEZ‐AYALA Emilio 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTMassive pulmonary embolism with haemodynamic instability has a high mortality. Traditionally these patients are treated with i.v. thrombolytic therapy. When this therapeutic approach is contraindicated, surgical embolectomy and most recently, percutaneous mechanical interventions are alternative treatment options. This case report presents a 73‐year‐old female with a residual hemiparesis secondary to a mengingioma resection 45 days previously, who presented with progressive shortness of breath, accompanied by oppressive chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia and severe hypoxaemia. CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed a massive pulmonary embolism extending into the lobar branches bilaterally. The patient was treated with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy with excellent haemodynamic and clinical outcomes.
Readiness for self‐directed learning among nursing students in Thailand
Authors: Klunklin Areewan , Viseskul Nongkran , Sripusanapan Acharaporn , Turale Sue 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study took place in Thailand where didactic and lecture‐driven teaching styles are beginning to transform into student‐centered methods. At Chiang Mai University Faculty of Nursing in Thailand, the readiness of 272 undergraduate students to undertake self‐directed learning was investigated using two instruments: a demographic data questionnaire and Guglielmino's Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale. The study found that the overall self‐directed learning readiness of participants was at a high level in the categories of openness to learning opportunities, self‐concept as an effective learner, initiative and independence in learning, informed acceptance of responsibility for one's own learning, creativity, and the ability to use basic study and problem‐solving skills. The findings provide encouragement to nurse educators to further apply self‐directed learning in nursing courses, to improve teaching and learning methods, and promote life‐long learning for nurses within Thailand and elsewhere.
Comparison of labor induction with titrated oral misoprostol solution between nulliparous and multiparous women
Authors: Cheng Shi‐Yann , Hsue Chao‐Song , Hwang Geen‐Hour , Chen Walter , Li Tsai‐Chung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To compare the outcomes of labor induction with oral misoprostol solution between nulliparous and multiparous women.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation with a Bishop score ≤6 who underwent labor induction with titrated oral misoprostol solution. The women were allocated into two groups: nulliparous and multiparous. The women received one basal unit of misoprostol solution (20 mL, 1 µg/mL) every hour for four doses; additional doses were titrated against individual uterine response. The interval of latent and active phase and vaginal delivery within 12 h were the primary outcomes.Results:  Of the 112 women included in the study, 49 (43.8%) mulliparae and 63 (56.2%) multiparae underwent labor induction with titrated oral misoprostol solution. Complete vaginal delivery occurred within 12 h in 21 (42.9%) nulliparae and 54 (85.7%) multiparae (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39–0.76). All induction intervals, including the latent and active phases, were significantly shorter in the multiparous group (P < 0.01). Induction failure did not occur in any patient in either of the groups. There were no instances of hyperstimulation, which was defined as tachysystole or hypertonus with nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, although tachysystole, defined as the presence of at least six contractions in 10 min over at least two 10‐min windows, occurred in four (8.2%) nulliparous women and in four (6.3%) multiparous women. Hypertonus, defined as a single contraction lasting more than 2 min, did not occur in either group. None of the neonates in either group had an Apgar score of <7 at 1 min.Conclusion:  Titrated oral misoprostol solution is a promising method of labor induction for both nulliparous and multiparous women.
Heterogeneous landscapes promote population stability
Authors: Oliver Tom , Roy David B. , Hill Jane K. , Brereton Tom , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: February 2010

Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 473–484AbstractHabitat heterogeneity is often suggested as being important for the stability of populations, and promoted as a means to aid the conservation of species, but the evidence for such an assumption is poor. Here we show that heterogeneous landscapes that contain a variety of suitable habitat types are associated with more stable population dynamics for 35 British butterfly species from 166 sites. In addition, topographic heterogeneity may also promote stability. Our results were robust to different measures of population variability, differences in mean abundance among sites, and to the spatial scale (radius 1–5 km around the centres of sites) at which landscapes were analysed. Responses to landscape heterogeneity differed among species; for more mobile ‘wider‐countryside’ species, habitat heterogeneity at larger landscape scales had the strongest effect on population dynamics. We suggest that heterogeneous landscapes offer a greater range of resources and microclimates, which can buffer populations against climatic variation and generate more stable population dynamics.
Evolution of resistance to the Bacillus sphaericus Bin toxin is phenotypically masked by combination with the mosquitocidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis
Authors: Wirth Margaret C. , Walton William E. , Federici Brian A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryTwo insecticidal bacteria are used as larvicides to control larvae of nuisance and vector mosquitoes in many countries, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis and B. sphaericus. Field studies show both are effective, but serious resistance, as high as 50 000‐fold, has evolved where B. sphaericus is used against Culex mosquitoes. To improve efficacy and deal with even greater potential problems of resistance, we previously developed several recombinant larvicidal bacteria that combine the best mosquitocidal proteins of these bacteria. In the present study, we report laboratory selection studies using our best recombinant strain against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. This recombinant, Bti/BsBin, is a strain of B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis engineered to produce a large amount of the B. sphaericus binary (Bin) toxin, which makes it more than 10‐fold as mosquitocidal as the its parental strains. Here we show that larvae exposed to Bti/BsBin failed to develop significant resistance after 30 successive generations of heavy selection pressure. The highest level of resistance obtained at the LC95 level was 5.2‐fold, but declined to less than two‐fold at the 35th generation. Testing the selected populations against B. sphaericus alone showed resistance to Bin evolved, but was masked by combination with B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. These results suggest that recombinant bacterial strains have improved mosquito and vector management properties compared with the wild‐type strains used in current commercial formulations, and should prove useful in controlling important human diseases such as malaria and filariasis on a long‐term basis, even when used intensively under field conditions.