bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary consultation team for cancer pain and palliative care in a large university hospital in the Netherlands
Authors: Jongen Joost L M , Overbeck Anke , Stronks Dirk L , van Zuylen Lia , Booms Monique , Huygen Frank J , van der Rijt Carin C D 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundMultidisciplinary palliative care teams (PCTs) are increasingly employed for cancer patients. However, relatively few studies have prospectively assessed the clinical effectiveness of inpatient PCTs. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary PCT for hospitalised cancer patients in a large university hospital in the Netherlands.MethodsClinical data and duration of hospitalisation were prospectively collected between January 2007 and December 2008. A group of cancer pain patients from 2006 served as a historical control.ResultsThe number of consultations increased from 130 in 2006 to 235 in 2008. The reason for consultation changed from pain in 98% of consultations in 2006 to a diversity of palliative symptoms in 2008. In 2008 a significant decrease in mean pain intensity, including a 70% reduction in severe pain, occurred within 24 h following consultation, although the authors did not demonstrate that the effectiveness of the PCT in 2007 and 2008 surpassed that of routine oncological care including pain control in 2006. Similarly, the median severity for 7 out of 10 items from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) decreased significantly within 72 h following consultation. The median number of days in hospital for patients for whom the PCT was consulted decreased from 14 days in 2006 to 10 days in 2008.ConclusionsThe authors conclude that a multidisciplinary PCT for clinical cancer patients may have a positive effect on pain, on ESAS symptoms and on duration of hospitalisation.
Quantifying bias in pattern indices extracted from spatially offset landscape samples
Authors: Castilla Guillermo , Linke Julia , McLane Adam J. , McDermid Gregory J. 
Published: October 2011

Modern ecological models often account for the influence of the surrounding environment by using landscape pattern indices (LPIs) as measures of landscape structure. Ideally, the landscape samples from which these LPIs are extracted should be centered on the locations where the response variable was measured. However, in situations where this is not possible due to a lack of adequate full-coverage landcover data, the question arises as to what degree this circumstance creates a bias in the value of the LPIs, thereby obscuring their relation with the response variable. To address this question, we extracted four representative LPIs from 30 rectangular (3 × 6 km) landscape samples evenly distributed across a 10 000 km2 boreal forest study area. These rectangles were subjected to systematic displacements across a range of distances (0.5 to 2.5 km) and directions, after which we recomputed the LPIs. We found that a 1 km spatial offset led to an average of 15% deviation of original LPI values. Unfortunately, as the offset increased, the range of resulting deviations also widened, making it difficult to predict this effect. Our findings fill a gap in the literature on landscape pattern analysis and suggest that researchers should avoid LPIs extracted from spatially offset landscape samples.
Targets of the Tumor Suppressor miR-200 in Regulation of the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer
Authors: Schliekelman Mark J. , Gibbons Don L. , Faca Vitor M. , Creighton Chad J. , Rizvi Zain H. , Zhang Qing , Wong Chee-Hong , Wang Hong , Ungewiss Christin , Ahn Young-Ho , Shin Dong-Hoon , Kurie Jonathan M. , Hanash Samir M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family restricts epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in tumor cell lines derived from mice that develop metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. To determine the mechanisms responsible for EMT and metastasis regulated by this microRNA, we conducted a global liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis to compare metastatic and nonmetastatic murine lung adenocarcinoma cells which had undergone EMT because of loss of miR-200. An analysis of syngeneic tumors generated by these cells identified multiple novel proteins linked to metastasis. In particular, the analysis of conditioned media, cell surface proteins, and whole-cell lysates from metastatic and nonmetastatic cells revealed large-scale modifications in the tumor microenvironment. Specific increases were documented in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, peptidases, and changes in distribution of cell adhesion proteins in the metastatic cell lines. Integrating proteomic data from three subproteomes, we defined constituents of a multilayer protein network that both regulated and mediated the effects of TGFβ. Lastly, we identified ECM proteins and peptidases that were directly regulated by miR-200. Taken together, our results reveal how expression of miR-200 alters the tumor microenvironment to inhibit the processes of EMT and metastasis. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7670–82. ©2011 AACR.
Moist Recirculation and Water Vapor Transport on Dry Isentropes*
Authors: Laliberté Frédéric , Shaw Tiffany , Pauluis Olivier 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn analysis of the overturning circulation in dry isentropic coordinates using reanalysis data is presented. The meridional mass fluxes on surfaces of constant dry potential temperature but distinct equivalent potential temperature are separated into southward and northward contributions. The separation identifies thermodynamically distinct mass fluxes moving in opposite directions. The eddy meridional water vapor transport is shown to be associated with large poleward and equatorward mass fluxes occurring at the same value of dry potential temperature but different equivalent potential temperature. These mass fluxes, referred to here as the moist recirculation, are associated with an export of water vapor from the subtropics connecting the Hadley cell to the midlatitude storm tracks.The poleward branch of the moist recirculation occurs at mean equivalent potential temperatures comparable to upper tropospheric dry potential temperature values, indicating that typical poleward-moving air parcels can ascend to the tropopause. The analysis suggests that these air parcels ascend on the equatorward side of storm tracks by following moist isentropes reminiscent of upright deep convection, while on the poleward side their moist isentropes are indicative of large-scale slantwise convection. In the equatorward branch, the analysis describes typical air parcels that follow their dry isentropes until they get injected into the boundary layer where they are subsequently moistened.The moist recirculation along with the mean equivalent potential temperature of its poleward and equatorward components are used to recover an approximate overturning circulation on moist isentropes from which it is shown that the moist recirculation accounts for the difference between the meridional circulation averaged on dry and on moist isentropes.
Separation of Contributions from Radiative Feedbacks to Polar Amplification on an Aquaplanet
Authors: Langen Peter L. , Graversen Rune Grand , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
When climate is forced by a doubling of CO2, a number of feedback processes are induced, such as changes of water vapor, clouds, and surface albedo. Here the CO2 forcing and concomitant feedbacks are studied individually using a general circulation model coupled to an aquaplanet mixed layer ocean. A technique for fixing the radiative effects of moisture and clouds by reusing these variables from 1 × CO2 and 2 × CO2 equilibrium climates in the model’s radiation code allows for a detailed decomposition of forcings, feedbacks, and responses. The cloud feedback in this model is found to have a weak global average effect and surface albedo feedbacks have been eliminated. As in previous studies, the water vapor feedback is found to approximately double climate sensitivity, but while its radiative effect is strongly amplified at low latitudes, the resulting response displays about the same degree of polar amplification as the full all-feedbacks experiment. In fact, atmospheric energy transports are found to change in a way that yields the same meridional pattern of response as when the water vapor feedback is turned off. The authors conclude that while the water vapor feedback does not in itself lead to polar amplification by increasing the ratio of high- to low-latitude warming, it does double climate sensitivity both at low and high latitudes. A polar amplification induced by other feedbacks in the system, such as the Planck and lapse rate feedbacks here, is thus strengthened in the sense of increasing the difference in high- and low-latitude warming.
An Analysis of Forced and Internal Variability in a Warmer Climate in CCSM3
Authors: Hu Zeng-Zhen , Kumar Arun , Jha Bhaskar , Huang Bohua 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Changes in the mean state and the modes of internal variability due to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) and aerosol concentrations were investigated by comparing a suite of long-term integrations of A1B runs and the corresponding control runs with a constant level of GHG and aerosol concentrations in the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3). The evolution of signal- [defined as the standard deviation (STDV) of ensemble mean anomalies] to-noise (defined as STDV of departures of individual members from their corresponding ensemble means) ratio (SNR) is examined. It is shown that SNR is sensitive to the amplitude of external forcing, and the sensitivity is variable and geographical location dependent. The time evolution of the SNR is largely due to the changes in the mean while little influence on the internal variability is found. Surface air temperature (TS) and geopotential height at 200 hPa (H200) responses are largely linear with an increase in GHG and aerosol concentrations and can be well reconstructed using linear trends.
The spatial patterns and temporal evolution statistics of the leading modes of internal variability of seasonal mean TS, H200, and precipitation are similar between the A1B and control runs, suggesting that the leading modes are less affected by the increase in GHG and aerosol concentrations. However, the similarity of these spatial patterns between the two runs slightly depends on the variable and season. In the tropical Pacific Ocean, superimposed on a warming trend, amplitude of internal variability in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation regions is slightly suppressed in the A1B runs.
Establishing the baseline level of repetitive element expression in the human cortex
Authors: Tyekucheva Svitlana , Yolken Robert H , McCombie W Richard , Parla Jennifer , Kramer Melissa , Wheelan Sarah J , Sabunciyan Sarven 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Although nearly half of the human genome is comprised of repetitive sequences, the expression profile of these elements remains largely uncharacterized. Recently developed high throughput sequencing technologies provide us with a powerful new set of tools to study repeat elements. Hence, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing to investigate the expression of repetitive elements in human frontal cortex using postmortem tissue obtained from the Stanley Medical Research Institute.

Results
We found a significant amount of reads from the human frontal cortex originate from repeat elements. We also noticed that Alu elements were expressed at levels higher than expected by random or background transcription. In contrast, L1 elements were expressed at lower than expected amounts.

Conclusions
Repetitive elements are expressed abundantly in the human brain. This expression pattern appears to be element specific and can not be explained by random or background transcription. These results demonstrate that our knowledge about repetitive elements is far from complete. Further characterization is required to determine the mechanism, the control, and the effects of repeat element expression.
Expression plasticity of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland genes in distinct ecotopes through the sand fly season
Authors: Coutinho-Abreu Iliano V , Mukbel Rami , Hanafi Hanafi A , Fawaz Emad Y , El-Hossary Shabaan S , Wadsworth Mariha , Stayback Gwen , Pitts Dilkushi A , Abo-Shehada Mahmoud , Hoel David F , Kamhawi Shaden , Ramalho-Ortigão Marcelo , McDowell Mary Ann 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Sand fly saliva can drive the outcome of Leishmania infection in animal models, and salivary components have been postulated as vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis. In the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, natural sugar-sources modulate the activity of proteins involved in meal digestion, and possibly influence vectorial capacity. However, only a handful of studies have assessed the variability of salivary components in sand flies, focusing on the effects of environmental factors in natural habitats. In order to better understand such interactions, we compared the expression profiles of nine P. papatasi salivary gland genes of specimens inhabiting different ecological habitats in Egypt and Jordan and throughout the sand fly season in each habitat.

Results
The majority of investigated genes were up-regulated in specimens from Swaymeh late in the season, when the availability of sugar sources is reduced due to water deprivation. On the other hand, these genes were not up-regulated in specimens collected from Aswan, an irrigated area less susceptible to drought effects.

Conclusion
Expression plasticity of genes involved with vectorial capacity in disease vectors may play an important epidemiological role in the establishment of diseases in natural habitats.
Flexible catalytic site conformations implicated in modulation of HIV-1 protease autoprocessing reactions
Authors: Huang Liangqun , Li Yanfei , Chen Chaoping 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The HIV-1 protease is initially synthesized as part of the Gag-Pol polyprotein in the infected cell. Protease autoprocessing, by which the protease domain embedded in the precursor catalyzes essential cleavage reactions, leads to liberation of the free mature protease at the late stage of the replication cycle. To examine autoprocessing reactions in transfected mammalian cells, we previously described an assay using a fusion precursor consisting of the mature protease (PR) along with its upstream transframe region (p6*) sandwiched between GST and a small peptide epitope.

Results
In this report, we studied two autoprocessing cleavage reactions, one between p6* and PR (the proximal site) and the other in the N-terminal region of p6* (the distal site) catalyzed by the embedded protease, using our cell-based assay. A fusion precursor carrying the NL4-3 derived protease cleaved both sites, whereas a precursor with a pseudo wild type protease preferentially autoprocessed the proximal site. Mutagenesis analysis demonstrated that several residues outside the active site (Q7, L33, N37, L63, C67 and H69) contributed to the differential substrate specificity. Furthermore, the cleavage reaction at the proximal site mediated by the embedded protease in precursors carrying different protease sequences or C-terminal fusion peptides displayed varied sensitivity to inhibition by darunavir, a catalytic site inhibitor. On the other hand, polypeptides such as a GCN4 motif, GFP, or hsp70 fused to the N-terminus of p6* had a minimal effect on darunavir inhibition of either cleavage reaction.

Conclusions
Taken together, our data suggest that several non-active site residues and the C-terminal flanking peptides regulate embedded protease activity through modulation of the catalytic site conformation. The cell-based assay provides a sensitive tool to study protease autoprocessing reactions in mammalian cells.
Are infinitivaltoomission errors primed by prior discourse? The case of WANT constructions
Authors: Kirjavainen Minna , Theakston Anna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the suggestion that infinitivaltoomission errors in English-speaking children can result from competition between two constructions (Kirjavainen et al., First Language 29: 313–339, 2009a). Kirjavainen et al. suggested that the acquisition of two (or more) constructions (e.g., WANT-X and WANT-to) for verbs takingto-infinitival complement clauses can lead to infinitivaltoomissions, reflecting the relative frequencies of the constructions in the input. In the present study we analysed 13 English children's corpora to determine whether the presence of a variety of utterance types in the immediate discourse context preceding WANT-to-VP (e.g.,I want to eat it) and erroneous *WANT-zero-VP (e.g., *I want__drink it) constructions was associated with infinitivaltoproduction/omission. This was done separately for the children's own and their interlocutors' discourse utterances. The data show that the occurrence of WANT-toand WANT-X constructions in the prior discourse was associated with differing proportions of infinitivaltoprovision in the WANT-to/zero-VP construction. This together with Kirjavainen et al.'s (First Language 29: 313–339, 2009a) data suggests that children are learning at least two constructions for the verb WANT, that competition contributes to infinitivaltoomissions, and that the strength of competing representations is affected by overall input frequencies and the preceding discourse.
A corpus-based account of the development of English such and Dutch zulk: Identification, intensification and (inter)subjectification
Authors: Ghesquière Lobke , Van de Velde Freek 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
On the basis of synchronic English language material, Bolinger (Degree Words, Mouton, 1972) has put forward the hypothesis that intensifying meanings or “degree words” often develop from identifying expressions. This paper will empirically test Bolinger's hypothesis by means of in-depth diachronic study of the development of such—one of Bolinger's central examples—and of its Dutch cognate zulk in historical text corpora. To this aim, a detailed cognitive-functional account will first be provided of the (differences between the) identifying and intensifying uses of such and zulk, with attention for diachronic changes affecting the syntax and semantics of these uses, cross-linguistically as well as language-specifically. It will be shown that, as predicted by Bolinger (Degree Words, Mouton, 1972), the proportion of identifying uses decreases over time in favor of the intensifying uses both in English and Dutch. The comparison between such and zulk will, however, show that, despite the close relation between these two languages, the development does not run strictly parallel in English and Dutch, thus endorsing a view that language change does not necessarily follow predetermined pathways. We will argue that minute differences in the syntax of such and zulk steer the diachronic course these elements follow. Finally, Bolinger's shift from identification to intensification will be discussed in terms of its relation to existing (inter)subjectification hypotheses.
Multicomponent Interventions to Enhance Influenza Vaccine Delivery to Adolescents
Authors: Gargano Lisa M. , Pazol Karen , Sales Jessica M. , Painter Julia E. , Morfaw Christopher , Jones LaDawna M. , Weiss Paul , Buehler James W. , Murray Dennis L. , Wingood Gina M. , Orenstein Walter A. , DiClemente Ralph J. , Hughes James M. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To compare school- versus provider-based approaches to improving influenza vaccination coverage among adolescents in rural Georgia.

METHODS:
We used a nonrandomized, 3-armed design: (1) a middle- and high school-based influenza vaccination intervention in 1 county; (2) a provider-based influenza vaccination intervention in a second county; and (3) a standard-of-care condition in a third county. Interventions also included distribution of an educational brochure, school presentations, and community-based outreach to enhance vaccine knowledge and awareness among adolescents and their parents.

RESULTS:
During the 2008–2009 influenza season, 70 (19%) of 370 students were vaccinated in the school-based county and 110 (15%) of 736 students were vaccinated in the provider-based county, compared with 71 (8%) of 889 students in the standard-of-care county (risk ratio [RR]school: 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7–3.2]; RRprovider: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.4–2.5]). During 2009–2010, seasonal influenza vaccination coverage was 114 (30.4%) of 375 of students in the school-based county, 122 (16.9%) of 663 of students in the provider-based county, and 131 (15.2%) of 861 students in the standard-of-care county (RRschool: 2.3 [95% CI: 1.9–2.9]; RRprovider: 1.2 [95% CI: 0.97–1.5]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Special efforts to promote influenza vaccination among rural, predominantly black students were associated with increased vaccination coverage. The school-based influenza vaccination intervention was associated with the highest levels of vaccination coverage. This study revealed the efficacy of school-based influenza education to improve vaccination rates among adolescents.
Unnecessary Care for Bronchiolitis Decreases With Increasing Inpatient Prevalence of Bronchiolitis
Authors: Van Cleve William C. , Christakis Dimitri A. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:To measure the association between inpatient bronchiolitis prevalence (IBP) and the delivery of unnecessary tests and treatments to patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis.METHODS:A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was performed using the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. All patients 2 months to 2 years of age hospitalized with bronchiolitis during 2004–2008 at participating pediatric hospitals were included. Main outcome measures were the probability of receiving potentially unnecessary care for bronchiolitis, including steroids, intravenously administered antibiotics, chest or neck radiographs, and any laboratory tests during hospitalization.RESULTS:During winter months, with each 1% absolute increase in IBP, patients were less likely to receive steroids (incidence rate ratio: 0.968 [95% confidence interval: 0.960–0.976]; P &lt; .001), radiographs (incidence rate ratio: 0.988 [95% confidence interval: 0.984–0.992]; P &lt; .001), and laboratory tests (incidence rate ratio: 0.992 [95% confidence interval: 0.988–0.995]; P &lt; .001). During summer months, similar associations were observed for steroids and radiographs. No association between IBP and antibiotic use was observed during either time period.CONCLUSIONS:The frequency with which several types of unnecessary care were delivered to patients with bronchiolitis seemed to decrease with increasing IBP. This finding suggests that an association exists between contextual information and care delivery during the management of acute illness, and it highlights the importance of such information for delivery of high-quality health care.
BPFA and projective well-orderings of the reals
Authors: Caicedo Andrés Eduardo , Friedman Sy-David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIf the bounded proper forcing axiom BPFA holds and ω1 = ω1L, then there is a lightface Σ31 well-ordering of the reals. The argument combines a well-ordering due to Caicedo-Veličković with an absoluteness result for models of MA in the spirit of “David's trick.” We also present a general coding scheme that allows us to show that BPFA is equiconsistent with R being lightface Σ41 for many “consistently locally certified” relations R on ℝ. This is accomplished through a use of David's trick and a coding through the Σ2 stable ordinals of L.