bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor‐mediated modulations of the anti‐allodynic effects of 5‐HT1B/1Dreceptor stimulation in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain
Authors: Kayserl Valérie , Latrémolièrel Alban , Hamonl Michel , Bourgoinl Sylvie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious studies showed that triptans and other 5‐HT1B/1D‐receptor agonists attenuate hyper‐responsiveness to mechanical stimulation of the face in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, probably by activating 5‐HT1B/1D‐receptors on primary afferent nociceptive fibers. We now tested whether blockade of post‐synaptic receptors for the excitatory amino acid glutamate released by these fibers would increase this action. We thus evaluated whether (±)1‐hydroxy‐3‐aminopyrrolidine‐2‐one (HA‐966), an antagonist at the glycine/d‐serine site of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐receptors, would potentiate the anti‐allodynic action of dihydroergotamine and zolmitriptan in rats with chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI‐ION). Complementary studies were performed with other NMDA‐receptor ligands and in rats with chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve (CCI‐SN) for comparison.Injury was produced by loose ligatures of the nerves. Responsiveness to mechanical stimulation (vibrissae or hindpaw territories) with von Frey filaments was used to evaluate allodynia 2 weeks after nerve ligature. Rats received NMDA‐receptor ligands or saline 20 min before dihydroergotamine (25–100μg/kg, i.v.) or zolmitriptan (25–100μg/kg, s.c.).HA‐966 (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.), inactive on its own, enhanced the anti‐allodynic effects of dihydroergotamine (eightfold increase) and zolmitriptan (threefold increase) in CCI‐ION rats, but these drugs exerted no effects in allodynic CCI‐SN rats. NMDA‐receptor blockade by memantine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) also enhanced, whereas activation at glycine/NMDA site byd‐cycloserine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the anti‐allodynic properties of zolmitriptan in CCI‐ION rats. Combined administration of NMDA‐receptor antagonist and 5‐HT1B/1D‐receptor agonist may be a promising approach for alleviating trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Island identities: the Pier Arts Centre, Orkney
Authors: Hanks Laura Hourston 
Published: November 2010

In the context of the maturation of traditional concepts of identity into ‘new forms of plurality and spatiality’, this paper aims to explore the role of genius loci, memory, and ultimately identity in a particular gallery: the Pier Arts Centre in Stromness, Orkney.Initially, it considers ways in which regional and vernacular identities have informed and enriched the architectural project, instilling it with tangible and intangible traces of place, and the past and present people of that place. Formal and material influences from the abstract but poetic idea of north, the local topography and town, and the existent buildings on site, are revealed.
Polycentric networks and resilience in urban systems: A comparison of Baltimore and Seattle
Authors: Romolini Michele , Grove Morgan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that successful resource management requires collaboration among many groups. While most research has been conducted on rural resource management, collaborative management is now recognized as an important strategy in densely settled urban areas. Cities generally consist of many fragmented land parcels under different types of use and ownership, which produces a large and diverse group of stakeholders with an interest in resource management decisions. Past research has shown that 1) natural resource stewardship organizations play an important role in both managing natural resources and building social capital; 2) successful outcomes often rely on effective collaborations through organizational networks; 3) there are different types of network structures; and 4) the effectiveness of a network can depend on its structure. However, missing from the field is empirical research analyzing how natural resource stewardship networks impact social and ecological outcomes, both spatially and temporally.Building on pioneering work on urban environmental groups in New York City and developing efforts in Chicago, this research will assess the stewardship networks in Seattle and Baltimore. More specifically, it will examine whether the network structure affects social and ecological outcomes; and conversely, whether variation in social and ecological conditions affects the resulting social network. Through a mixed methodological approach employing interviews, organizational surveys, spatial mapping, and social network analysis, this research examines:•	What network relationships exist between environmental stewardship groups in Baltimore? In Seattle?•	What is the spatial structure of these stewardship networks?•	Does network structure affect social and ecological outcomes?•	Does variation in social and ecological conditions predict the resulting network?•	How do the stewardship networks in Baltimore and Seattle compare?Results from this study will contribute to the growing body of research on polycentric governance networks. The need for longitudinal and comparative studies in this area is evident, as many cities are looking to adaptive management strategies to respond to the needs of an rapidly changing population and landscape. In Baltimore, this data can be compared to organizational network data collected 10 years ago. In Seattle, the study will establish baseline network data, which provides a foundation for future studies. Similarities and differences between cities may provide implications for whether environmental stewardship programs and other sustainability initiatives can be applied from one city to another.
Comparative study on the gas to solution phase solvation free energies of model combustion flue gas compounds (N~2~, O~2~, CO~2~, H~2~O, SO~2~, and CO) in 178 organic solvents using the IEFPCM-UFF, CPCM, and SMD implicit solvent models at the Gaussian-4 (G4) level of theory
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGas to solution phase Gibbs free energies of solvation at 298.15 K for transfer of six representative combustion flue gas compounds (N~2~, O~2~, CO~2~, H~2~O, SO~2~, and CO) were calculated at the Gaussian-4 (G4) level of theory using the IEFPCM-UFF, CPCM, and SMD implicit solvent models for 178 organic solvents. The IEFPCM-UFF and CPCM models yield similar free energies of solvation for all six compounds in each of the solvents considered, having maximum absolute intra-solvent deviations <1.6 kJ mol^-1^. Substantial free energy of solvation differences were observed between the IEFPCM-UFF/CPCM and SMD models, with maximum absolute intra-solvent deviations up to 45.5 kJ mol^-1^. The IEFPCM-UFF and CPCM models displayed strong free energy of solvation correlations with the solvent dielectric constant for each compound, whereas the SMD model exhibits a significantly more variable free energy of solvation relationship with the solvent dielectric constant.
The FtsH Protease Heterocomplex in Arabidopsis: Dispensability of Type-B Protease Activity for Proper Chloroplast Development
Authors: Zhang Di , Kato Yusuke , Zhang Lingang , Fujimoto Masaru , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Sodmergen  , Sakamoto Wataru 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
FtsH is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease present as a hexameric heterocomplex in thylakoid membranes. Encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana YELLOW VARIEGATED2 (VAR2) locus, FtsH2 is one isoform among major Type A (FtsH1/5) and Type B (FtsH2/8) isomers. Mutants lacking FtsH2 (var2) and FtsH5 (var1) are characterized by a typical leaf-variegated phenotype. The functional importance of the catalytic center (comprised by the zinc binding domain) in FtsH2 was assessed in this study by generating transgenic plants that ectopically expressed FtsH2(488), a proteolytically inactive version of FtsH2. The resulting amino acid substitution inhibited FtsH protease activity in vivo when introduced into Escherichia coli FtsH. By contrast, expression of FtsH2(488) rescued not only leaf variegation in var2 but also seedling lethality in var2 ftsh8, suggesting that the protease activity of Type B isomers is completely dispensable, which implies that the chloroplastic FtsH complex has protease sites in excess and that they act redundantly rather than coordinately. However, expression of FtsH2(488) did not fully rescue leaf variegation in var1 var2 because the overall FtsH levels were reduced under this background. Applying an inducible promoter to our complementation analysis revealed that rescue of leaf variegation indeed depends on the overall amount of FtsH. Our results elucidate protein activity and its amount as important factors for the function of FtsH heterocomplexes that are composed of multiple isoforms in the thylakoid membrane.
Molecular heterogeneity of XY sex reversal in horses
Authors: Raudsepp T. , Durkin K. , Lear T. L. , Das P. J. , Avila F. , Kachroo P. , Chowdhary B. P. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMale‐to‐female 64,XY sex reversal is a frequently reported chromosome abnormality in horses. Despite this, the molecular causes of the condition are as yet poorly understood. This is partially because only limited molecular information is available for the horse Y chromosome (ECAY). Here, we used the recently developed ECAY map and carried out the first comprehensive study of the Y chromosome in XY mares (n = 18). The integrity of the ECAY in XY females was studied by FISH and PCR using markers evenly distributed along the euchromatic region. The results showed that the XY sex reversal condition in horses has two molecularly distinct forms: (i) a Y‐linked form that is characterized by Y chromosome deletions and (ii) a non‐Y‐linked form where the Y chromosome of affected females is molecularly the same as in normal males. Further analysis of the Y‐linked form (13 cases) showed that the condition is molecularly heterogeneous: the smallest deletions spanned about 21 kb, while the largest involved the entire euchromatic region. Regardless of the size, all deletions included theSRYgene. We show that the deletions were likely caused by inter‐chromatid recombination events between repeated sequences in ECAY. Further, we hypothesize that the occurrence ofSRY‐negative XY females in some species (horse, human) but not in others (pig, dog) is because of differences in the organization of the Y chromosome. Finally, in contrast to the Y‐linkedSRY‐negative form of equine XY sex reversal, the molecular causes ofSRY‐positive XY mares (5 cases) remain as yet undefined.
A genome‐wide scan for tying‐up syndrome in Japanese Thoroughbreds
Authors: Tozaki T. , Hirota K. , Sugita S. , Ishida N. , Miyake T. , Oki H. , Hasegawa T. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryTying‐up syndrome, also known as recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds, is a common muscle disorder for racehorses. In this study, we performed a multipoint linkage analysis using LOKI based on the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method using 5 half‐sib families (51 affected and 277 nonaffected horses in total), and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using microsatellites (144 affected and 144 nonaffected horses) to map candidate regions for tying‐up syndrome in Japanese Thoroughbreds. The linkage analysis identified one strong L‐score (82.45) between the lociUCDEQ411andCOR058(24.9–27.9 Mb) on ECA12. The GWAS identified two suggestive genomic regions on ECA12 (24.9–27.8 Mb) and ECA20 (29.3–33.5 Mb). Based on both results, the genomic region betweenUCDEQ411andTKY499(24.9–27.8 Mb) on ECA12 was the most significant and was considered as a candidate region for tying‐up syndrome in Japanese Thoroughbreds.
Fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus for osteochondrosis on horse chromosome 2
Authors: Dierks C. , Komm K. , Lampe V. , Distl O. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryIn this study, we refine a quantitative trait locus for equine osteochondrosis (OC) on horse chromosome (ECA) 2 to a genome‐wide significant interval at 20.08–30.94 Mb. The marker set contained 27 newly developed microsatellites equidistantly distributed over ECA2 and 44 nucleotide polymorphisms, located in 16 positional candidate genes for OC. Genotyping was performed in 211 Hanoverian horses from 14 paternal half‐sib groups. A NCDN‐associated SNP and haplotype were significantly associated with OC in fetlock and/or hock joints. This study is a further step towards the identification of genes responsible for OC in horses.
Morphological variation in the horse: defining complex traits of body size and shape
Authors: Brooks S. A. , Makvandi‐Nejad S. , Chu E. , Allen J. J. , Streeter C. , Gu E. , McCleery B. , Murphy B. A. , Bellone R. , Sutter N. B. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryHorses, like many domesticated species, have been selected for broad variation in skeletal size. This variation is not only an interesting model of rapid evolutionary change during domestication, but is also directly applicable to the horse industry. Breeders select for complex traits like body size and skeletal conformation to improve marketability, function, soundness and performance in the show ring. Using a well‐defined set of 35 measurements, we have identified and quantified skeletal variation in the horse species. We collected measurements from 1215 horses representing 65 breeds of diverse conformation such as the American Miniature, Shetland Pony, Arabian Horse, Thoroughbred, Shire and Clydesdale. Principal components analysis has identified two key dimensions of skeletal variation in the horse. Principal component 1 is positively correlated with every measurement and quantifies overall body size. Principal component 2 captures a pattern of bone widths vs. lengths and thus quantifies variation in overall bone thickness. By defining these complex skeletal traits, we have created a framework for whole genome association studies to identify quantitative trait loci that contribute to this variation.
Microarray analysis after strenuous exercise in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endurance horses
Authors: Capomaccio S. , Cappelli K. , Barrey E. , Felicetti M. , Silvestrelli M. , Verini‐Supplizi A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryIt is known that moderate physical activity may have beneficial effects on health, whereas strenuous effort induces a state resembling inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to exercise remain unclear, although it is clear that the immune system plays a key role. It has been hypothesized that the physio‐pathological condition that develops in athletes subjected to heavy training is caused by derangement of cellular immune regulation. The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on endurance horse gene transcription under strenuous conditions and to identify candidate genes causing immune system derangement. We performed a wide gene expression scan, using microarray technology, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ten horses chosen from high‐level participants in national and international endurance races. The use of three different timepoints revealed changes in gene expression when post‐effort samples (T1, taken immediately after the race; and T2, taken 24 h after the race) were compared with basal sample (T0, at rest). Statistical analysis showed no differences in gene expression between T0 and T2 samples, indicating complete restoration of homeostasis by 24 h after racing, whereas T1 showed strong modulation of expression, affecting 132 genes (97 upregulated, 35 downregulated). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the main mechanisms and biofunctions involved were significantly associated with immunological and inflammatory responses. Real‐time PCR was performed on 26 gene products to validate the array data.
Systemic inflammatory responses in progressing periodontitis during pregnancy in a baboon model
Authors: Ebersole J L , Steffen M J , Holt S C , Kesavalu L , Chu L , Cappelli D 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThis study tested the hypothesis that pregnant female baboons exhibit increased levels of various inflammatory mediators in serum resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis, and that these profiles would relate to periodontal disease severity/extent in the animals. The animals were sampled at baseline (B), mid-pregnancy (MP; two quadrants ligated) and at delivery (D; four quadrants ligated). All baboons developed increased plaque, gingival inflammation and bleeding, pocket depths and attachment loss following placement of the ligatures. By MP, both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bactericidal permeability inducing factor (BPI) were greater than baseline, while increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 occurred in the experimental animals by the time of delivery. IL-8, MCP-1 and LBP all decreased from baseline through the ligation phase of the study. Stratification of the animals by baseline clinical presentation demonstrated that PGE2, LBP, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels were altered throughout the ligation interval, irrespective of baseline clinical values. IL-6, IL-8 and LBP were significantly lower in the subset of animals that demonstrated the least clinical response to ligation, indicative of progressing periodontal disease. PGE2, macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and LBP were decreased in the most diseased subset of animals at delivery. Systemic antibody responses to Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Campylobacter rectus were associated most frequently with variations in inflammatory mediator levels. These results provide a profile of systemic inflammatory mediators during ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant baboons. The relationship of the oral clinical parameters to systemic inflammatory responses is consistent with a contribution to adverse pregnancy outcomes in a subset of the animals.
Forward genetic dissection of innate response to infection in inbred mouse strains: selected success stories
Authors: Gruenheid S , Gros P 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMouse genetics is a powerful tool for the dissection of genes, proteins, and pathways important in biological processes. Application of this approach to study the host response to infection has been a rich source of discoveries that have increased our understanding of the early innate pathways involved in responding to microbial infections. Here we review some of the key discoveries that have arisen from pinpointing the genetic defect in mouse strains with unusual or extreme response to infection and have led to insights into pathogen sensing pathways and downstream effector functions of the early innate immune response.
Novel chimeric thyroid-stimulating hormone-receptor bioassay for thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
Authors: Lytton S D , Li Y , Olivo P D , Kohn L D , Kahaly G J 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) are a functional biomarker of Graves' disease (GD). To develop a novel TSI bioassay, a cell line (MC4-CHO-Luc) was bio-engineered to constitutively express a chimeric TSH receptor (TSHR) and constructed with a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent luciferase reporter gene that enables TSI quantification. Data presented as percentage of specimen-to-reference ratio (SRR%) were obtained from 271 patients with various autoimmune and thyroid diseases and 180 controls. Sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 99% for untreated GD were attained by receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve 0·989, 95% confidence interval 0·969–0·999, P = 0·0001. Precision testing of manufactured reagents of high, medium, low and negative SRR% gave a percentage of coefficient-of-variation of 11·5%, 12·8%, 14·5% and 15·7%, respectively. There was no observed interference by haemoglobin, lipids and bilirubin and no non-specific stimulation by various hormones at and above physiological concentrations. TSI levels from GD patients without (SRR% 406 ± 134, mean ± standard deviation) or under anti-thyroid treatment (173 ± 147) were higher (P &lt; 0·0001) compared with TSI levels of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (51 ± 37), autoimmune diseases without GD (24 ± 10), thyroid nodules (30 ± 26) and controls (35 ± 18). The bioassay showed greater sensitivity when compared with anti-TSHR binding assays. In conclusion, the TSI-Mc4 bioassay measures the functional biomarker accurately in GD with a standardized protocol and could improve substantially the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases involving TSHR autoantibodies.
Activated CD8+ T cells contribute to clearance of gastric Cryptosporidium muris infections
Authors: KVÁČ M. , KODÁDKOVÁ A. , SAK B. , KVĚTOŇOVÁ D. , JALOVECKÁ M. , ROST M. , SALÁT J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the development of a protective immune response against Cryptosporidium muris infection was studied by the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with well‐defined populations of either naive or immune CD8+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of both naive and immune CD4+ T lymphocyte subpopulations protects SCID mice against cryptosporidiosis. Moreover, a significant biological impact of activated CD8+ T cells against gastric cryptosporidiosis was observed. The significant difference in the course and intensity of the infection in reconstituted SCID mice was found to be dependent on the protective function of both the CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell populations transferred. While SCID mice reconstituted with either immune or naive CD4+ or immune CD8+ T‐cell subpopulations resolved the infection within 29, 37 and 51 days post‐infection, respectively, those reconstituted with naive CD8+ T cells suffered from chronic infection similar to control SCID mice. Reconstitution with CD4+ T cells resulted in suppression of oocyst excretion and shortening of patent period in comparison with SCID mice reconstituted with CD8+ T cells. Thus, although CD4+ T cells are considered important in protective immunity, our results are the first to demonstrate the involvement of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes in the protection of mice against gastric cryptosporidiosis.
Enhanced formation of methane in plant cell cultures by inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase
Authors: WISHKERMAN ASHER , GREINER STEFFEN , GHYCZY MIKLÓS , BOROS MIHÁLY , RAUSCH THOMAS , LENHART KATHARINA , KEPPLER FRANK 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe claim of methane (CH4) formation in plants has caused much controversy and debate within the scientific community over the past 4 years. Here, using both stable isotope and concentration measurements, we demonstrate that CH4 formation occurs in plant cell cultures that were grown in the dark under sterile conditions. Under non‐stress conditions the plant cell cultures produced trace amounts [0.3–0.6 ng g−1 dry weight (DW) h−1] of CH4 but these could be increased by one to two orders of magnitude (up to 12 ng g−1 DW h−1) when sodium azide, a compound known to disrupt electron transport flow at the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in plant mitochondria, was added to the cell cultures. The addition of other electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors did not result in significant CH4 formation indicating that a site‐specific disturbance of the ETC at complex IV causes CH4 formation in plant cells. Our study is an important first step in providing more information on non‐microbial CH4 formation from living plants particularly under abiotic stress conditions that might affect the electron transport flow at the cytochrome c oxidase in plant mitochondria.