bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscale spatial variation in chronic wound microbiota: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Price Lance B. , Liu Cindy M. , Frankel Yelena M. , Melendez Johan H. , Aziz Maliha , Buchhagen Jordan , Contente‐Cuomo Tania , Engelthaler David M. , Keim Paul S. , Ravel Jacques , Lazarus Gerald S. , Zenilman Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTControlling for sample site is considered to be an important aspect of chronic wound microbiological investigations; yet, macroscale spatial variation in wound microbiota has not been well characterized. A total of 31 curette samples were collected at the leading edge, opposing leading edge, and/or center of 13 chronic wounds. Bacterial community composition was characterized using a combination of 16S rRNA gene‐based pyrosequencing; heat map display; hierarchical clustering; nonmetric multidimensional scaling; and permutation multivariate analysis of variance. A total of 58 bacterial families and 91 bacterial genera were characterized among the 13 wounds. While substantial macroscale spatial variation was observed among the wounds, bacterial communities at different sites within individual wounds were significantly more similar than those in different wounds (p=0.001). Our results support the prevalent opinion that controlling for sample site may improve the quality of wound microbiota studies; however, the significant similarity in bacterial communities from different sites within individual wounds indicates that studies failing to control for sampling site should not be disregarded based solely on this criterion. A composite sample from multiple sites across the surface of individual wounds may provide the most robust characterization of wound microbiota.
Monitoring of Diabetic Foot Syndrome Treatment: Some New Perspectives
Authors: Foltynski Piotr , Wojcicki Jan M. , Ladyzynski Piotr , Migalska‐Musial Karolina , Rosinski Grzegorz , Krzymien Janusz , Karnafel Waldemar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the major complications of diabetes, and it can lead to foot amputations. It is very important to assure good medical care for diabetic patients not only during their stay at hospital but also at home. Telecare can be one good solution for extending medical care to patients’ homes. There are some reports regarding the application of new technologies in this field. The standard current model of telecare of DFS includes experts at hospital who conduct clinical examinations and decision making at a distance, in close cooperation with a visiting nurse and the patient. In the present paper a new paradigm of the DFS's telecare is introduced, which eliminates the visiting nurse. The designed and developed TeleDiaFoS system consists of a traditional database and mobile patient's module (PM) allowing for documentation of the foot images as well as the results of blood glucose and blood pressure measurements taken by the patient himself at home. A 2‐year validation of the TeleDiaFoS system on 10 DFS patients (3 months each) proved its usefulness and led to acceptance of this type of technical support by patients and physicians. The designed and developed system and proposed sterilization procedure of the PM have been found to be easy to use by the patient at home.
Possibility of Skin Epithelial Cell Transdifferentiation in Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Jin Hoon , Kong Won Ho , Kim Jhin Gook , Kim Ho Joong , Seo Soo Won 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn tissue engineering, injured tissue is normally reconstructed with cells obtained from that tissue itself. However, it is difficult to obtain cells for reconstruction of the trachea because of its shape and limited accessibility. Therefore, other cell sources having similar form and function or stem cells are used for tracheal reconstruction. In a previous study, we used autologous skin epithelial cells and successfully reconstructed canine tracheas. We found that the tracheal epithelial layer was completely covered with ciliated cells, which is a remarkable finding because skin and tracheal epithelial cells originate from different germinal layers and have very different forms. In this study, to elucidate the origin of the ciliated cells, we identified the stem cell contents of skin epithelial cells on primary culture, marked the skin epithelial cells with PKH26 dye, and transplanted them onto canine tracheas. After 5 months, we identified PKH26 fluorescence on the tracheal epithelial layers, especially over the tracheal cartilages. Consequently, we demonstrated that transplanted autologous skin epithelial stem cells can remain viable on the trachea for a few months and can transdifferentiate into tracheal epithelial cells and chondrocytes.
A Highly Accurate and Consistent Microfluidic Viscometer for Continuous Blood Viscosity Measurement
Authors: Kang Yang Jun , Yoon Sang Youl , Lee Kyeong‐Hwan , Yang Sung 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA high‐precision microfluidic viscometer with a microfluidic channel array composed of 100 indicating channels is demonstrated in this study. The relative viscosity of the sample fluid could be measured by simply counting the number of the indicating channels occupied by the sample and the reference fluids. Using lumped parameter modeling, an analytical solution of the relative viscosity is derived. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed microfluidic viscometer, the viscosity values obtained by the microfluidic viscometer are compared with the ones obtained by a conventional viscometer. In Newtonian fluid (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] solution) tests, the normalized differences in the viscosities measured by two methods are less than 2.5%. In non‐Newtonian fluid (whole blood, 45% hematocrit) tests at various shear rates, the viscosities measured by two methods are evaluated by a regression analysis via power law (). The k values for both the microfluidic viscometer and the conventional viscometer are 12.953 and 13.175, respectively; the n values are 0.797 and 0.807, respectively. The normalized differences in two parameters measured by two methods are less than 2%. Thus, it could be concluded that the microfluidic viscometer developed in this study is capable of measuring viscosity of both Newtonian fluid (SDS solution) and non‐Newtonian fluid (whole blood) with a relatively high accuracy in a continuous and near real‐time fashion. Furthermore, the viscometer could be potentially employed in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures by continuously monitoring viscosity changes due to blood damages and hemodilution.
Effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Rat Schwann Cells Metabolism
Authors: Tsuang Yang‐Hwei , Liao Li‐Wen , Chao Yuan‐Hung , Sun Jui‐Sheng , Cheng Cheng‐Kung , Chen Ming‐Hong , Weng Pei‐Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound to tenocytes and osteocytes are well understood and applied clinically. However, its effects on cultured Schwann cells are still not well elucidated. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on cultured Schwann cells and their possible molecular mechanism. Schwann cells were harvested from sciatic nerves of 3‐day‐old Sprague–Dawley rats. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulator (frequency: 1 MHz, duration: 2 min, duty cycle: 20%, total treatment time: 3 min) was applied to three different culture conditions: regular culture medium containing 0, 5, or 10% fetal bovine serum. The viability, damage, and differentiation of Schwann cells were examined; gene expression was also analyzed. In the presence of 0.3 W/cm2 pulsed ultrasound stimulation, increases in cell viability and decreases in cell apoptosis were observed in the serum deprivation group; in this culture condition, interleukin‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and protein zero genes expression were downregulated and Desert Hedgehog transcripts gene expression was upregulated. We concluded that intervention with low intensity pulsed ultrasound could promote Schwann cell proliferation, prevent cell death, and keep adequate phenotype presentation for peripheral nerve recovery. The low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation to an injured nerve site could be applied as early as possible especially when the microenvironment is almost serum‐free to obtain the most benefit.
Anatomofunctional organization of the insular cortex: A study using intracerebral electrical stimulation in epileptic patients
Authors: Afif Afif , Minotti Lorella , Kahane Philippe , Hoffmann Dominique 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Different lines of evidence suggest that the insular cortex has many important functional roles. Direct electrical stimulation (ES) of the human insular cortex during surgical procedures for epilepsy, functional imaging techniques, and lesion studies also occasionally induces clinical responses.Methods:  In this study, we evaluated 25 patients with drug‐refractory focal epilepsy by stereotactically implanting at least one electrode into the insular cortex using an oblique approach (transfrontal or transparietal). One hundred twenty‐eight insular sites (each situated between two contiguous contacts within the same electrode) were examined within the gyral substructures. We located each stimulation site by fusing preimplantation three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with the postimplantation 3D computed tomography (CT) scans that revealed the electrode contacts.Results:  Sixty‐seven stimulations induced at least one clinical response. Stimulation from within the insular cortex evoked 83 responses, without evidence of afterdischarge in the insular or extrainsular regions. We classified the principal responses as sensory (paresthesias and localized warm sensations), motor, pain, auditory, oropharyngeal, speech disturbances (including speech arrest and reduced voice intensity) and neurovegetative phenomena, such as facial reddening, generalized sensations of warmth or cold, hypogastric sensations, anxiety attacks, respiratory accelerations, sensations of rotation, and nausea.Conclusions:  These findings may indicate a functional specificity for the insular gyri and show the need for exploring this structure during invasive presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients according to seizure manifestations.
Electrophysiological Differences between the Epicardium and the Endocardium of the Left Atrium
Authors: MICHOWITZ YOAV , NAKAHARA SHIRO , BOURKE TARA , BUCH ERIC , VASEGHI MARMAR , DE DIEGO CARLOS , WIENER ISAAC , MAHAJAN AMAN , SHIVKUMAR KALYANAM 
Published: October 2010

Background: Electrophysiological properties of the atrial endocardium compared to epicardium are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the electrophysiological properties and vulnerability to arrhythmia induction from these regions.
Methods and Results: Transseptal endocardial and percutaneous epicardial mapping were performed in a porcine model (n = 7). Two opposing 4‐mm electrophysiological catheters were positioned endocardially and epicardially. A circular mapping catheter (CMC) was positioned at the ostium of the common inferior pulmonary vein (CIPV) recording left atrial (LA)‐PV potentials. Endocardial and epicardial effective refractory periods (ERPs) at two basic cycle lengths (CLs) of 600 and 400 ms were recorded from four anatomic locations (CIPV, LA appendage, right superior PV, and LA posterior wall). Atrial repetitive response (ARR) induction was also tested from endocardial and epicardial sites. Overall, 254 ERP measurements (mean 36.3 per animal) and 84 induction attempts (mean 12 per animal) were performed. The ERP was significantly shorter in the epicardium compared to the endocardium at basic CL of 400 ms (P = 0.006) but not at CL of 600 ms (P = 0.2). In addition, only the epicardium demonstrated ERP shortening when the CL of the basic drive was shortened (P = 0.03). ARR could be induced more often from the epicardium (P = 0.002) and fibrillatory activity with epicardial/endocardial dissociation was recorded (n = 3). Also, the earliest PV activation site on the CMC was noted to be different in 16.5% of cases during epicardial and endocardial pacing.
Conclusion: The electrophysiological characteristics of the atrial epicardium are different from the endocardium with a shorter ERP and more frequent ARR induction by programed stimulation. (PACE 2011; 37–46)
Long‐Term Follow‐Up Data of Coronary Sinus Stenting for the Stabilization of the Left Ventricular Leads
Authors: DEMIR AHMET DURAN , CAY SERKAN , ERBAY ALI RIZA , MADEN ORHAN , ATAK RAMAZAN , BALBAY YUCEL 
Published: October 2010

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been increasingly used for patients with heart failure. However, unstable and dislocated coronary sinus leads reduce the effectiveness of this important intervention.
Aim: To examine the long‐term effects of coronary sinus side branch stenting on sensing and pacing parameters of the left ventricular leads.
Methods: A total of eight patients (six males; two females; mean age, 56.6 ± 14.4 years) whose coronary sinus lead dislocated during the procedure were included in the study. Targeted coronary sinus side branch stenting was performed to stabilize the leads. Sensing and pacing parameters including lead impedance, capture threshold, and R‐wave amplitude were measured at implantation, first month, sixth month, and every 6‐month period.
Results: Mean follow‐up period was 30.4 ± 7.4 months. At the time of implantation, lead impedance, capture threshold, and R‐wave amplitude were 656 ± 162 Ω, 1.1 ± 0.5 V, and 13.0 ± 6.8 mV, respectively. No statistically significant mean lead impedance, capture threshold, and R‐wave amplitude differences were observed between at the time of implantation and at the time of last follow‐up (697 ± 164 Ω, 1.1 ± 0.5 V, 12.8 ± 6.9 mV, respectively).
Conclusion: In this long‐term study, coronary sinus side branch stenting for the stabilization of dislocated leads seems to be effective. (PACE 2010; 33:1485–1489)
An Alternative Method of Assessing Bidirectional Block for Atrial Flutter
Authors: BENNETT MATTHEW T. , GULA LORNE J. , KLEIN GEORGE J. , YEE RAYMOND , KRAHN ANDREW D. , LEONG‐SIT PETER , SKANES ALLAN C. 
Published: October 2010

V‐A and A‐V Intervals During Atrial Flutter Ablation. Background: The success of cavotricuspid (CTI) ablation depends on the achievement of bidirectional block. Previous investigators have shown that right ventricular (RV) pacing can replace proximal coronary sinus (pCS) pacing in assessing clockwise CTI conduction block.
Objective:
We sought to assess bidirectional conduction using antegrade (A‐V) and retrograde (V‐A) conduction times in the absence of coronary sinus (CS) pacing.
Methods:
Counterclockwise CTI conduction block was evaluated using conduction time to the QRS from 2 pacing sites (immediately lateral and further lateral to the CTI). This was compared to the conduction time to the pCS with pacing from the same 2 lateral points. This was measured prior to ablation in 7 patients and 41 patients following ablation. To evaluate clockwise CTI conduction block we measured the conduction time to the 2 lateral sites during RV pacing and pCS pacing. This was measured in 7 patients prior to ablation and 16 patients following successful ablation.
Results:
The abbreviated technique correctly indicated the presence or absence of bidirectional block in all patients. Furthermore, conduction times as assessed by the 2 methods correlated well both before and after creation of bidirectional block (correlation coefficients prior to ablation: clockwise direction r = 0.92, P = 0.0036; counterclockwise direction r = 0.86, P = 0.0132; after ablation: clockwise direction r = 0.82, P = 0.0001; counterclockwise direction r = 0.91, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion:
Bidirectional CTI conduction block can be successfully demonstrated using A‐V and V‐A conduction without the need for CS pacing. Patients need, however, to have intact A‐V and V‐A AV nodal conduction. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 431‐435)
Differences in the perception of seven behaviour‐modifying techniques in paediatric dentistry by undergraduate students using lecturing and video sequences for teaching
Authors: Kalwitzki M. , Beyer C. , Meller C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhilst preparing undergraduate students for a clinical course in paediatric dentistry, four consecutive classes (n = 107) were divided into two groups. Seven behaviour‐modifying techniques were introduced: systematic desensitization, operant conditioning, modelling, Tell, Show, Do‐principle, substitution, change of roles and the active involvement of the patient. The behaviour‐modifying techniques that had been taught to group one (n = 57) through lecturing were taught to group two (n = 50) through video sequences and vice versa in the following semester. Immediately after the presentations, students were asked by means of a questionnaire about their perceptions of ease of using the different techniques and their intention for clinical application of each technique. After completion of the clinical course, they were asked about which behaviour‐modifying techniques they had actually used when dealing with patients. Concerning the perception of ease of using the different techniques, there were considerable differences for six of the seven techniques (P < 0.05). Whilst some techniques seemed more difficult to apply clinically after lecturing, others seemed more difficult after video‐based teaching. Concerning the intention for clinical application and the actual clinical application, there were higher percentages for all techniques taught after video‐based teaching. However, the differences were significant only for two techniques in each case (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the use of video based teaching enhances the intention for application and the actual clinical application only for a limited number of behaviour‐modifying techniques.
Expression of prion gene and presence of prion protein during development of mouse molar tooth germ
Authors: Khan Qalb‐E‐Saleem , Press Charles McL. , Sehic Amer , Landin Maria A. , Risnes Steinar , Osmundsen Harald 
Published: October 2010

Khan Q‐E‐S, Press C McL, Sehic A, Landin MA, Risnes S, Osmundsen H. Expression of prion gene and presence of prion protein during development of mouse molar tooth germ. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 559–565. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci In order to gain insight into possible cellular functions of the prion protein (PrP) during normal development, the expression of Prnp (encoding the PrP) and the distribution of the PrP were studied in murine tooth germs. Expression of Prnp in the mouse first molar tooth germ was highly dynamic, increasing several‐fold during the secretory phase of odontogenesis, exhibiting a time‐course of expression similar to that of genes coding for other extracellular proteins [e.g. enamel matrix proteins (Amelx, Ambn, Enam), Aplp1, Clstn1, and Clu]. Western blot analysis suggested that the amounts of PrP and amyloid beta (A4) precursor‐like protein 1 (APLP1) in the tooth germ followed time‐courses similar to those of the corresponding mRNAs. Immunohistochemical studies of the distribution of PrP in murine molar and incisor tooth germs at embryonic day (E)18.5 suggested that this protein was located in the cervical loop, outer enamel epithelium, pre‐ameloblasts, and dental papilla. Different degrees of immunolabelling of pre‐ameloblasts on the mesial and distal aspects of a lower molar cusp may be related to different enamel configurations on the two aspects. It is concluded that the dynamic patterns of expression of Prnp, and of distribution of PrP, suggest that PrP may have functions during secretory odontogenesis, perhaps in relation to amelogenesis.
Examination of a cognitive model of stress, burnout, and intention to resign for Japanese nurses
Authors: OHUE Takashi , MORIYAMA Michiko , NAKAYA Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  A reduction in burnout is required to decrease the voluntary turnover of nurses. This study was carried out with the aim of establishing a cognitive model of stress, burnout, and intention to resign for nurses.Methods:  A questionnaire survey was administered to 336 nurses (27 male and 309 female) who had worked for ≤5 years at a hospital with multiple departments. The survey included an evaluation of burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), stress (Nursing Job Stressor Scale), automatic thoughts (Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire‐Revised), and irrational beliefs (Japanese Irrational Belief Test), in addition to the intention to resign.Results:  The stressors that affected burnout in the nurses included conflict with other nursing staff, nursing role conflict, qualitative workload, quantitative workload, and conflict with patients. The irrational beliefs that were related to burnout included dependence, problem avoidance, and helplessness. In order to examine the automatic thoughts affecting burnout, groups with low and high negative automatic thoughts and low and high positive automatic thoughts were established. A two‐way ANOVA showed a significant interaction of these factors with emotional exhaustion, but no significant interaction with depersonalization and a personal sense of accomplishment. Only the major effect was significant. The final model showed a process of “stressor → irrational beliefs → negative automatic thoughts/positive automatic thoughts → burnout”. In addition, a relationship between burnout and an intention to resign was shown.Conclusion:  These results suggest that stress and burnout in nurses might be prevented and that the number of nurses who leave their position could be decreased by changing irrational beliefs to rational beliefs, decreasing negative automatic thoughts, and facilitating positive automatic thoughts.
Transcellular and paracellular pathways of transepithelial fluid secretion in Malpighian (renal) tubules of the yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegypti
Authors: Beyenbach K. W. , Piermarini P. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIsolated Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito secrete NaCl and KCl from the peritubular bath to the tubule lumen via active transport of Na+and K+by principal cells. Lumen‐positive transepithelial voltages are the result. The counter‐ion Cl−follows passively by electrodiffusion through the paracellular pathway. Water follows by osmosis, but specific routes for water across the epithelium are unknown. Remarkably, the transepithelial secretion of NaCl, KCl and water is driven by a H+V‐ATPase located in the apical brush border membrane of principal cells and not the canonical Na+,K+‐ATPase. A hypothetical cation/H+exchanger moves Na+and K+from the cytoplasm to the tubule lumen. Also remarkable is the dynamic regulation of the paracellular permeability with switch‐like speed which mediates in part the post‐blood‐meal diuresis in mosquitoes. For example, the blood meal the female mosquito takes to nourish her eggs triggers the release of kinin diuretic peptides that (i) increases the Cl−conductance of the paracellular pathway and (ii) assembles V1and V0complexes to activate the H+V‐ATPase and cation/H+exchange close by. Thus, transcellular and paracellular pathways are both stimulated to quickly rid the mosquito of the unwanted salts and water of the blood meal. Stellate cells of the tubule appear to serve a metabolic support role, exporting the HCO3−generated during stimulated transport activity. Septate junctions define the properties of the paracellular pathway in Malpighian tubules, but the proteins responsible for the permselectivity and barrier functions of the septate junction are unknown.