bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A parallel algorithmic version of the local lemma
Authors: Alon Noga 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Lovasz Local Lemma is a tool that enables one to show that certain events hold with positive, though very small probability. It often yields existence proofs of results without supplying any efficient way of solving the corresponding algorithmic problems. J. Beck recently has found a method for converting some of these existence proofs into efficient algorithmic procedures, at the cost of losing a little in the estimates. His method does not seem to be parallelizable. Here we modify his technique and achieve an algorithmic version that can be parallelized, thus obtaining deterministicNClalgorithms for several interesting algorithmic problems.
Colliding stacks: A large deviations analysis
Authors: Maier Robert S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe analyze the performance of a prototypical scheme for shared storage allocation: two initially empty stacks evolving in a contiguous block of memory of size m. We treat the case in which the stacks are more likely to shrink than grow, but with the probabilities of insertion and deletion allowed to depend arbitrarily on stack height as a fraction of m. New results are obtained on the m → ∞ asymptotics of the stack collision time, and of the final stack heights. The results of Wentzell and Freidlin on the large deviations of Markov chains are used, and the relation of their formalism to the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics is emphasized. Certain results on higher‐order asymptotics follow from WKB expansions.
On the inner structure of multidimensional simply generated trees
Authors: Kemp Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe well‐known concept of a “simply generated family of trees” is generalized to the multidimensional case. Such trees represent a symbiosis of trees and tries and they essentially arise in the construction of search trees for multidimensional keys. The set of nodes in a d‐dimensional simply generated tree can be partitioned into layers according to the nodes appearing in the ith dimension. We shall present a detailed average‐case analysis of these trees including the number of such trees of given size, the size of the ith layer, and the number of special nodes. The main result is that a multidimensional simply generated tree tends to a structure consisting of a collection of linear chains, on the average; in other words, for large;i ∈ [1: d], the ith layer consists only of one‐node trees.
Random graph orders do not satisfy a 0–1 law
Authors: Brightwell Graham 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe random graph order Pn p is defined by taking a random graph Gn p on vertex set [n], interpreting an edge between vertices i and j, with i <j in [n], as a relation i <j, and taking the transitive closure. We present a first—order property 𝓁 of Pn p such that the limiting probability of 𝓁. is bounded away from both 0 and 1 as n → ∞, whenever pn is bounded away from 0 and p is bounded away from 1. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the threshold of chaos in random boolean cellular automata
Authors: Lynch James F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA random boolean cellular automaton is a network of boolean gates where the inputs, the boolean function, and the initial state of each gate are chosen randomly. In this article, each gate has two inputs. Let a (respectively c) be the probability that the gate is assigned a constant function (respectively a noncanalyzing function, i.e., EQUIVALENCE or EXCLUSIVE OR). Previous work has shown that when a>c, with probability asymptotic to 1, the random automaton exhibits very stable behavior: Almost all of the gates stabilize, almost all of them are weak, i.e., they can be perturbed without affecting the state cycle that is entered, and the state cycle is bounded in size. This article gives evidence that the condition a = c is a threshold of chaotic behavior: with probability asymptotic to 1, almost all of the gates are still stable and weak, but the state cycle size is unbounded. In fact, the average state cycle size is superpolynomial in the number of gates.
How to make a random graph irregular
Authors: Tuza Zsolt 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn irregular edge labeling of a graph G = (V, E) is a weight assignment f: E→ N such that the sums f + (v):= Σv∈e∈E f(e) are pairwise distinct. If such labelings exist in G, then the value of minf Σe∈E (f(e) ‐ 1) measures the minimum number of edges needed to make G irregular. We prove that this minimum for the random graph G(n, p) with n vertices and edge probability p = p(n) is equal to n2/4 + o(n2) as n→∞, whenever p(n)‐n2/3→∞. This asymptotic result is deduced from a general estimate (valid for every graph) involving vertex degrees and the size of largest triangle packings. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Correlations on the strata of a random mapping
Authors: Drmota Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMutafchiev [7] observed that μn(k) the number of points in random mappings on {1,…, n} with distance k to cyclic points is asymptotically identically distributed with the number of cyclic points μn(0) if k = o(√n) by using the fact that (μn(k) ‐ μn(0))√n 0 in probability. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a local limit theorem for the joint distribution of μn(k1), μn(k2). Furthermore, we prove a local version of Mutafchiev's result. All results are obtained by applying singularity analysis of multivariate generating functions.
Sustainable consumption as a means to self‐realization: a Hindu perspective on when enough is enough
Authors: Narayanan Yamini 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, I investigate the religious notion of self‐realization or self‐actualization in the context of sustainability, and argue that sustainability is the means to this end. I am particularly interested in Hindu perspectives on self‐realization or the Purusharthas. The Purusharthas provide an interesting sustainability critique because they consider the satisfaction of material want as an important step to self‐actualization; the reconciliation of want and need is a fundamental sustainability tension. The issue of growing want is doubtless an important one, given the rapidly growing middle classes in the developing world that aspire to Western material dreams, as illustrated by the case of Delhi. The Purusharthas may be seen to give consumption legitimacy; however, I argue that it is the selective understanding and institutionalization of the religious message that causes the sustainability problem. Viewed in their entirety, the Purusharthas provide the correct prescriptions for the sustainable enjoyment of want, and take the adherent beyond sustainability into greater transcendence or self‐awareness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Useful yields of organic molecules under dynamic SIMS cluster bombardment
Authors: Gillen Greg , Szakal Christopher , Brewer Tim M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUseful yields have been measured for a series of organic compounds using Ar+, SF5+ and Bi3+ primary ion bombardment under high dose (>1013 ions/cm2) SIMS sputtering conditions on both magnetic sector and ToF‐SIMS instruments. A precision inkjet deposition system was used to produce well defined arrays of microdrops on silicon with each deposit containing a known number of analyte molecules. The individual deposits were sputtered until consumed while monitoring the integrated characteristic molecular secondary ions for each analyte. The ratio of integrated counts to the number of molecules in the deposit defines the useful yield of the experiment. Measured useful yields varied from 1 × 10−2 to less than 1 × 10−8 depending on the compound examined, the probe beam used and the instrument configuration. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and application of optical sum frequency microscopy
Authors: Mizutani Goro , Miyauchi Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have developed a microscope for the acquisition of optical sum frequency (SF) intensity images and have observed two types of samples. We have observed resonant electronic and vibrational images of the H‐Si(111) surface in UHV conditions after IR light irradiation of pulse width ∼6 µs. In the resonant SF intensity images, we identified the images of areas covered by SiH species. Nonresonant SF signals appeared in the area irradiated by the IR light pulses, originating from a nonlinear optical transition involving the surface electronic levels in the Si dangling bonds. We also found an unidentified bonding state on the edges of the irradiated area in some light conditions. We have also observed images of a water plant Chara fibrosa by this SF microscope in air. We found that the starch is observed selectively in the oogonium of the water plant and the amylopectin was found to be one of the main ingredients in it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surface treatments on interfacial characteristics and band alignments of atomic‐layer‐deposited Al2O3 films on GaAs substrates
Authors: Gong You‐Pin , Li Ai‐Dong , Liu Xiao‐Jie , Zhang Wen‐Qi , Li Hui , Wu Di 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe GaAs surfaces were passivated by two kinds of chemical pretreatments (using NH4OH and (NH4)2S as passivation agents) for atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 dielectric film growth. The chemical information at Al2O3/GaAs interfaces was carefully characterized. The impact of surface treatments on the band alignments of ALD Al2O3 films on nGaAs (100) substrates was also investigated. After postdeposition annealing, the NH4OH passivated samples not only have a slight increase of the AsAs peaks with an appearance of As suboxide (AsOx) feature at Al2O3/GaAs interfaces but also exhibit a serious interfacial interdiffusion between Al2O3 and GaAs. However, the (NH4)2S passivated samples produce the GaS and AsS overlayers on GaAs, effectively preventing from the intermixed diffusion between Al2O3 films and GaAs substrates with a sharper interface. Both NH4OH and (NH4)2S passivated Al2O3 samples show the same band gap of 6.67 eV. The conduction band offset at Al2O3/GaAs interface for the (NH4)2S passivated samples have a slight enhancement of 0.14 eV in comparison to NH4OH passivated ones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ToF‐SIMS analysis of myocardial infarcted tissue
Authors: Park Ji‐Won , Cha Min‐Ji , Kyong Shon Hyun , Kim Se‐Hwa , Lee Tae Geol , Moon Dae Won , Hwang Ki‐Chul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHeart tissues from a normal rat, myocardial infarcted rat, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐treated rat after myocardial infarction (MI) were studied using ToF‐SIMS, with the assistance of principal component analysis (PCA). To our knowledge, this is the first such published study. In PCA results obtained from both positive and negative ion spectra of normal (control), MI, and MSC‐treated MI tissues, the normal and MSC‐treated tissues could be clearly distinguished from the MI tissue in terms of chemical composition. For the MI tissue, fatty acid signals from inside the cell and phosphocholine signals from the cell membrane decreased while glucose signals increased. In the MSC‐treated MI tissue, the signal levels of phosphocholine and fatty acids returned to those for normal tissue. Our observations for myocardium tissues are consistent with previous biological studies, which show that the loss of reversibility of cell injury associated with MI could cause degradation to the cell membrane, and that MI could slow fatty acid uptake and oxidation and increase glucose uptake and utilization for ATP synthesis in myocardium. This is, of course, because fatty acids need oxygen for β‐oxidation. We anticipate that this label‐free ToF‐SIMS method partnered with PCA will be helpful to the investigation of myocardial disease and MSC therapy since it is based on chemical information at the tissue level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An XPS investigation on glucose oxidase and Ni/Al hydrotalcite interaction
Authors: Addari Danilo , Mignani Adriana , Scavetta Erika , Tonelli Domenica , Rossi Antonella 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, a Ni/Al hydrotalcite (HT) was used as glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilizer. Small‐area and angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectra were recorded on HTs electrosynthesized on Pt in the absence and in the presence of GOx, and compared with those obtained for a Pt surface, modified with the electrosynthesized HT, on which a drop of GOx solution was deposited. The simultaneous electrodeposition of HT + GOx resulted in a compact deposit, thicker than the XPS sampling depth (>10 nm), that is not homogeneous in the lateral and in‐depth composition. The presence of GOx can be deduced comparing the N1s spectra of HT and HT + GOx: in the latter, the N1s component at 400 eV binding energy (BE) is predominant whilst, depending on the analyzed point, a small or no contribution from the component at 407.2 eV, due to nitrate, is revealed. Angle‐resolved XPS provides evidence on the in‐depth composition of anions, cations and GOx. The results highlight the crucial role played by nickel in GOx immobilization. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that enzyme activity is unevenly distributed and is localized in small areas, where Ni concentration is higher. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of vacuum heating in AISI 410 and AISI 321 stainless steels' surface layer revealed by SIMS/GDMS depth profile analysis
Authors: Konarski P. , Kaczorek K. , Senkara J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVacuum annealing of steels is employed for out‐gassing elements, surface activation and in different production purposes. Such procedure was applied for chromium–nickel AISI 321 and chromium AISI 410 stainless steels used in aviation technologies.Depth profile analysis of the samples annealed in vacuum for 120 min. in 750 and 950 °C was performed by using two methods: SIMS and glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS). SIMS data were obtained with a 5 keV Ar+ ion gun. In GDMS analyzer, d.c. glow discharge was induced by 1.5 kV d.c. voltage in 1 mbar Ar pressure.Analyses of AISI 321 samples annealed in 750 °C show enrichment of titanium, chromium and manganese in the depth range of 150 nm, and depletion in iron and nickel within this range. The sample treated in 950 °C shows mainly Ti enrichment into 300 nm depth. Vacuum heating of AISI 410 steel sample in 750 °C causes formation of 150‐nm‐thick surface layer enriched in Cr and Mn and depleted in Fe. In turn, 950 °C treatment results in only some increasing of Mn and Ni concentration within 70 nm distance from the surface.The results obtained by SIMS and GDMS confirm each other. However, higher depth profile resolution was obtained by GDMS due to the lower sputtering energy (1.5 kV glow discharge) and due to the use of multidirectional ion bombardment instead of unidirectional bombardment by ion beam in the SIMS method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface analysis of protein‐resistant, plasma‐polymerized ethylene glycol thin films
Authors: Choi Changrok , Jung Donggeun , Moon Dae Won , Lee Tae Geol 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely used in biomedical applications because of its protein‐resistant and nontoxic properties. In this study, a plasma‐polymerized ethylene glycol (PPEG) thin film was deposited on a substrate using a capacitively coupled plasma chemical vapour deposition (CCP‐CVD) method with various plasma powers and ethylene glycol as a precursor. The surfaces of the PPEG thin films were characterized using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) along with a principal component analysis (PCA), and XPS. We confirmed that the PPEG thin film deposited at low plasma power closely resembles PEG polymers in terms of surface chemical composition and protein‐resistant property. To make patterned surfaces with protein‐resistant property for proteins, a PPEG thin film was first uniformly deposited on a glass slide and patterns were produced on the PPEG coated surface by depositing a plasma‐polymerized amine film through a metal shadow mask. When we spotted proteins on the patterned surface, they were immobilized only onto the plasma‐polymerized amine areas but not onto the PPEG areas. These results show that PPEG surfaces would be useful for the construction of various protein arrays. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ToF‐SIMS and XPS characterization of antimicrobial textiles for the food processing industry
Authors: Brunon Céline , Bessueille François , Grossiord Carol , Chadeau Elise , Oulahal Nadia , Darroux Christine , Ferreira Isabelle , Bourgeois Michel , Simon Farida , Rimbault Fabrice , Yu Caroline , Leonard Didier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTextiles for the food processing industry are treated by a patented technology combining an ionic polymer (antimicrobial agent) and a precipitating agent to obtain an insoluble deposit expected to exhibit antimicrobial properties. ToF‐SIMS and XPS are used in the understanding of the surface chemistry at various steps of treatments (cleaning step prior to surface modification, antimicrobial deposit, industrial ISO 15797 washing). ToF‐SIMS and XPS analyses show that the signatures of the antimicrobial treatment are detected at the surface after treatment. After industrial ISO 15797 washings, the precipitating agent is rapidly removed (possibly replaced by washing agent components) while the antimicrobial agent (PHMB) is still detected but is significantly removed from the surface after five washings. ToF‐SIMS and XPS data are compared to microbiological tests specifically intended in relation with food processing industry applications. After the antimicrobial treatment, the surface is biocide as well as after a single ISO 15797 washing, but after 5 washings, either the surface is slightly active (cotton‐based textile) or not active anymore (polyester‐based textile). The XPS N atomic percentage variation is unable to explain this difference. Even though a slight difference is observed for the ToF‐SIMS normalized intensity for m/z = 184.1561 (PHMB molecular peak) between C/P and P/C samples, it can hardly be concluded that this would be the only explanation for the difference in activity. ToF‐SIMS indicates that cotton is the textile component still detected at the surface of the washed samples. This could play a role in the remaining efficiency of the antimicrobial treatment after industrial washing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and comparison of depth profiling in GaAs and GaSb with TOF‐SIMS
Authors: Herrmann A. , Lehnhardt T. , Strauß M. , Kamp M. , Forchel A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDepth profile analysis of GaAs/AlGaAs and GaSb/AlGaSb heterostructures was performed by SIMS and optimized with respect to the depth resolution. Different sputter ions like caesium, oxygen and argon were used with various sputter angles and ion energies. SEM images were taken from the sputter craters in order to determine the surface roughness which is correlated to the depth resolution. The best results for both material systems were achieved by using argon ions with 0.5 keV at an angle of 55° towards the sample normal. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen adsorption on Al (111) surface interstitial site calculated by density functional theory
Authors: Guo Jian‐Xin , Guan Li , Bian Fang , Zhao Qing‐Xun , Wang Ying‐Long , Liu Bao‐Ting 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe adsorption possibilities of oxygen atoms at Al (111) surface for different oxygen atom coverages (Θ) from 0.25 to 1 ml have been studied using first principles based on density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. The results show that the interstitial sites on Al (111) surface are relatively stable, in which binding energies are 0.6 ∼ 1 eV/atom lower than those on surface face centered cubic (fcc) sites for the different coverages. The binding energy and work function of the oxygen‐adsorbed surface increase with the oxygen atom coverage. Moreover, the oxygen atom at one tetrahedral site of Al (111) subsurface becomes more and more unstable with the decrease of the coverage, and it moves up to the Al (111) surface hexagonal close packed (hcp) site at Θ = 0.25. All the octahedral absorption sites are also unstable in relatively lower coverages (Θ = 0.5 and 0.25). The bond length and overlap population between Al and O, including the relaxation effects on the oxygen atom coverage are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and electric field dependence of N,N′‐bis(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)benzene‐1, 4‐diamine thin film/substrate interface
Authors: Xin Hongliang , Li Zhuomin , He Tianxian , Deng Wenli 
Published: July 2010

AbstractN,N′‐bis(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)benzene‐1,4‐diamine deposited onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was investigated by contact angle measurement(CAM), Raman spectroscopy and tunneling spectroscopy. The results of CAM and Raman spectra have confirmed that organic layers had deposited on substrate. Tunneling spectra obtained in the scanning tunneling microscopy measurement system were reported as a function of electrode potential. The tunneling current data were acquired at different electrode–electrode separations and depicted significant trend under the action of electric field. Under weak electric fields, the electrode–electrode separation has little effect on the potential of conductance peak. However, with the shrinkage of electrode–electrode separation, the electron transport model obeys the Ohmic law. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and chronic effects of citalopram on 5‐HT1Areceptor—Labeling by [18F]MPPF and—Coupling to receptors‐G proteins
Authors: Moulin‐Sallanon Marcelle , Charnay Yves , Ginovart Nathalie , Perret Pascale , Lanfumey Laurence , Hamon Michel , Hen René , Fagret Daniel , Ibáñez Vicente , Millet Philippe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors take several weeks to produce their maximal therapeutic antidepressant effect. This delay has been attributed to the gradual desensitization of somatodendritic serotonin 5‐HT1Aautoreceptors. We evaluated adaptive changes of 5‐HT1Areceptors after acute and chronic citalopram challenges in rat. Small animal positron emission tomography trial and quantitative ex vivo autoradiography studies using [18F]MPPF were employed, as well as in vitro 8‐OH‐DPAT‐stimulated [35S]‐GTPγS binding assay. Additionally, 5‐HT1Areceptor knock‐out mice were used to assess the specificity of [18F]MPPF. Acute treatment with citalopram did not alter [18F]MPPF binding in dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), frontal cortex, or hippocampus. The absence of [18F]MPPF binding in the brain of 5‐HT1Aknock‐out mice demonstrates the specificity of MPPF for 5‐HT1Areceptor brain imaging, but the high affinity of [18F]MPPF compared to 5‐HT suggests that it would only be displaced by dramatic increases in extracellular 5‐HT. Chronic citalopram did not modify 5‐HT1Areceptor density in any of the brain regions studied. In addition, this treatment did not modify 8‐OH‐DPAT‐stimulated [35S]‐GTPγS binding in DR, although a significant increase was observed in frontal cortex and hippocampus. [18F]MPPF appears to be an efficient radioligand to quantify specifically 5‐HT1Areceptor density in brain imaging. The delayed therapeutic efficacy of citalopram did not appear to be linked to either a downregulation of 5‐HT1Areceptors or to a 5‐HT1Areceptor‐G protein decoupling process in serotonergic neurons, but to increased functional sensitivity of postsynaptic 5‐HT1Areceptors. Synapse 63:106–116, 2009. ©2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.