bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought tolerance in cereals in terms of water retention, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities
Authors: Bencze Szilvia , Bamberger Zsuzsanna , Janda Tibor , Balla Krisztina , Bedő Zoltán , Veisz Ottó 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Experiments were carried out on three bread wheat varieties, one barley and one durum wheat variety grown in pots in the phytotron and subjected to water withdrawal for 7 days during grain-filling. Leaf water loss, net assimilation rate and transpiration showed marked differences, allowing the genotypes to be ranked. Although the most resistant variety had the highest activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which did not rise further in response to drought and the most susceptible variety had the lowest values, which increased to the greatest extent under drought, the level of sensitivity could not be predicted for all the genotypes from the enzyme activity values alone. The largest increases were recorded for the APX, CAT and GR activities. In most genotypes the GR activity was correlated with that of GST, CAT and APX. Changes in the enzyme activities were observed after a decline in transpiration and photosynthesis. The range of soil moisture values over which the antioxidant enzyme activity levels remained relatively unchanged was a better indication of tolerance to drought than either basic or stress-induced activity levels.
Solubility of methane in pure non-ionic surfactants and pure and mixtures of linear alcohols at 298 K and 101.3 kPa
Authors: García-Aguilar Balbina , Ramirez Antonio , Jones J. , Heitz Michèle 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas (GES), contribute to the increase in GES concentration level in the atmosphere. For this reason, the importance of controlling CH4 emissions of anthropogenic origin has increased over the last decades. Physicochemical and biological processes are available for treating CH4. For this reason, such properties as the solubility of CH4 in aqueous solutions and organic solvents are of great relevance in different applications in environmental engineering and biotechnology. In this study, the solubility of CH4 was determined at 298 K and 101.3 kPa in organic solvents, such as polyoxyethylenesorbates (Tween 20, Tween 40, and Tween 60), and linear alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and butan-1-ol) alone and in their admixtures. Admixtures of methanol with butan-1-ol exhibited the highest solubility of CH4, of around 0.49 g m−3 of solvent, whereas the solubility of CH4 in linear alcohols varied from 0.167 g m−3 to 0.41 g m−3 of solvent. In the case of Tweens, CH4 solubility decreased with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number.
Pd-catalysed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated ketones under microwave irradiation
Authors: Poláčková Viera , Bariak Vladimír , Šebesta Radovan , Toma Štefan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Pd-catalysed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones was studied under controlled microwave irradiation conditions. A variety of catalysts, bases and solvents was explored in order to achieve optimum yields in the shortest possible reaction time. Under optimised conditions (Pd(OAc)2/2,2′-bipyridine and KF in a mixture of toluene, water, and acetic acid and 10 min microwave irradiation), a range of arylboronic acids was successfully added to several cyclic enones. With chiral phosphane ligands, a promising enantioselectivity was obtained (85 % ee).
The Effect of Soybean-Derived Phytoestrogens on Concentrations of Plasma Isoflavones, 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2α and Progesterone in Dairy Cows
Authors: Watzková Jarmila , Křížová Ludmila , Pavlík Aleš , Schulzová Věra , Hajšlová Jana , Lojza Jaromír 
Published: February 2011

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of soybean-derived phytoestrogens and their metabolites on the activity of sex hormones during the oestrous cycle in multiparous lactating dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on 4 multiparous lactating Holstein cows in the form of replicated Latin square in double reversal design. The experiment in the total length of 168 days was divided into 4 periods of 42 days, each consisting of a 21-day preliminary period and a 21-day collecting period. Cows were divided into 2 groups of 2 cows. The control group (C) was fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake while the experimental group (S) was fed a diet containing extruded full-fat soya. The intake of total isoflavones was 3297 mg/d in S and 58.0 mg/d in C (P < 0.001). The concentrations of individual isoflavones, it is daidzein, genistein and equol in plasma were significantly higher in the experimental group S (49.3, 78.7 and 218.8 ng/ml, respectively) than in the control group C (13.5, 42.9 and 18.3 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Plasma concentration of progesterone throughout the oestrous cycle was not influenced by the diet used (P > 0.05). Plasma concentration of prostaglandine PGFM throughout the oestrous cycle in the experimental group (S) tended to be higher (P = 0.095) than in the control group (C). No differences in the length of the oestrous cycle between the cows fed different diets were observed.
Radiographic Assessment of Implant Failures of Titanium 3.5 LCP vs. 4.5 LCP Used for Flexible Bridging Osteosynthesis of Large Segmental Femoral Diaphyseal Defects in a Miniature Pig Model
Authors: Nečas Alois , Proks Pavel , Urbanová Lucie , Srnec Robert , Stehlík Ladislav , Crha Michal , Raušer Petr , Plánka Ladislav , Amler Evžen , Vojtová Lucy , Jančář Josef 
Published: February 2011

The study describes types, absolute and relative numbers of implant failures in flexible bridging osteosynthesis using a six-hole 3.5 mm titanium Locking Compression Plate (n = 9) or a five-hole LCP 4.5 mm titanium (n = 40) selected for the fixation of segmental ostectomy of femoral diaphysis in the miniature pig used as anin vivomodel in a study on the healing of a critically sized bone defect using transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells combined with biocompatible scaffolds within a broader research project. Occasional implant failure was evaluated based on radiographic examination of femurs of animals 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after surgery. When bone defect was stabilized using 3.5 mm LCP, in 6 cases (66.7%) the screw was broken/lost in the proximal fragment of the femur 2 weeks after implantation (n = 4) and 4 weeks after implantation (n = 2). In 4 cases of these, the implant failure was accompanied also by loosening of the screw in position 3 in the proximal fragment of the femur. During ostectomy stabilization with 4.5 mm LCP, in 3 cases (7.5%) LCP was broken at the place of the empty central plate hole (without inserted screw) at the level of the segmental bone defect. Compared to the six-hole 3.5 mm LCP, the five-hole titanium 4.5 mm LCP is more suitable implant for flexible bridging osteosynthesis of a critically sized segmental defect of femoral diaphysis in the miniature pig. The results of this study will allow reducing implant failures in time- and cost-demanding transplantation experiments focused on bone healing.
Topical Treatment of Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Infections in Immunosuppressed Hairless Mice with Selected Antiviral Substances
Authors: Smee Donald F , Bailey Kevin W , Wong Min-Hui , Tarbet E Bart 
Published: February 2011

Background: Certain nucleoside, nucleotide and pyrophosphate analogues may be useful for treating severe complications arising as a result of virus dissemination following smallpox (live vaccinia virus) vaccinations, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We used an immunosuppressed hairless mouse model to study the effects of 10 antiviral agents on progressive vaccinia infections. Methods: Hairless mice were immunosuppressed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) every 4 days starting 1 day prior to vaccinia virus (WR strain) infection of wounded skin. Topical treatments with antiviral agents were applied twice a day for 7 days starting 5 days after virus exposure. Results: Topical 1% cidofovir cream treatment was effective in significantly reducing primary lesion severity and decreasing the number of satellite lesions. Topical 1% cyclic HPMPC and 1% phosphonoacetic acid were not quite as active as cidofovir. Ribavirin (5%) treatment reduced lesion severity and diminished the numbers of satellite lesions, but the mice died significantly sooner than placebos. 2-Amino-7-[(1,3,-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine (compound S2242; 1%) moderately reduced primary lesion sizes. Ineffective treatments included 5% arabinosyladenine, 1% arabinosylcytosine, 1% 5-chloro-arabinosylcytosine, 5% arabinosylhypoxanthine 5-monophosphate and 5% viramidine. Conclusions: Of the compounds tested, topically applied cidofovir was the most effective treatment of cutaneous vaccinia virus infections in immunosuppressed mice. Topical treatment with cidofovir could be considered as an adjunct to intravenous drug therapy for serious infections.
Partenariats public-privé et investissements de fin de contrat : le cas de l'industrie de l'eau en France
Authors: Chong Eshien , Huet Freddy 
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’efficacité des partenariats public-privé (PPP) dans les industries de service public en réseau a été remise en cause par de nombreux auteurs. Une des défaillances majeure reprochée à ce type d’accords concerne le manque d’incitation de l’opérateur en place à investir en fin de contrat. Le but de cet article est double. Tout d’abord, nous expliquons pourquoi l’industrie française de l’eau se caractérise par une logique de sous-investissement en fin de contrat. Ensuite, en utilisant une base de données collectée sur un échantillon de 5000 communes françaises en 2001, nous proposons une série de tests économétriques qui montre que dans l’industrie de l’eau, les opérateurs privés sont de moins en moins incités à investir lorsque l’échéance du contrat se rapproche. Plus précisément, nous montrons qu’une solution adoptée par les communes pour faire face à ce problème est de se substituer aux firmes privées pour les investissements spécifiques de fin de contrat. Nos résultats confirment ainsi la proposition généralement admise par la théorie des contrats de risque de sous-investissement des opérateurs privés en fin de partenariat public-privé. Classification JEL : D23, L51, L95.
Relação dos trabalhadores da enfermagem com idosos hospitalizados e seus familiares
Authors: Fontella Juliana Jornada , Silva Bárbara Tarouco da , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Santos Silvana Sidney Costa 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the relation between old aged hospitalized, their familiar and team of nursing in the Unit of Medical Clinic of a university hospital. Methodology: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, whose data they had been gotten through half-structuralized interviews. Nine professionals of nursing and six old aged with their accompanying had participated of the study. Results: After the analysis of the data originary categories of the aged and familiar workers and/the accompanying ones had been verified. Conclusion: From the results the presentation of a course was proposal/qualification for the improvement of the care of nursing, leaving of the interest of the workers and its suggestions. Descriptors: nursing; professionals; aged; familiar; hospital.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a relação entre idosos hospitalizados, seus familiares e a equipe de enfermagem na Unidade de Clínica Médica de um hospital universitário. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, cujos dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Participaram do estudo nove profissionais de enfermagem e seis idosos com seus respectivos familiares. Resultados: após a análise dos dados verificaram-se categorias originárias dos trabalhadores e dos idosos e seus familiares. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados foi proposta a apresentação de um curso de capacitação para a melhoria do cuidado de enfermagem, partindo do interesse dos trabalhadores e de suas sugestões. Descritores: enfermagem; profissionais; idosos; familiares; hospital.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la relación entre el anciano hospitalizado, sus familiares y el equipo de enfermería en la unidad de la clínica médica de un hospital universitario. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, a cual los datos fueran logrados con entrevistas pre-estructuradas. Participaran de este estudio nueve profesionales de enfermería y seis ancianos con sus respectivos familiares/acompañantes. Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos fue verificado categorías originarias de los trabajadores y de los ancianos y sus familiares/acompañantes. Conclusión: Partiendo de los resultados fue propuesta la presentación de una oficina de calificación para la mejora del cuidado de la enfermería, partiendo del interés de los trabajadores y de sus sugerencias. Descriptores: enfermería; profesionales; ancianos; familiares; hospital.
Combined Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors has Better Clinical Utility in Oral Cancer
Authors: Singh Ragini D. , Nilayangode Haridas , Patel Jayendra B. , Shah Franky D. , Shukla Shilin N. , Shah Pankaj M. , Patel Prabhudas S. 
Published: February 2011

Background Oral cancer is a major health hazard worldwide with increasing incidence and mortality. Cervical lymph node metastasis is a major determinant of outcome in oral cancer. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system is critically involved in invasion and metastasis. Assessment of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in certain combinations might have better clinical efficacy given their potential role in the metastatic process. Aim Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in 50 controls and 75 oral cancer patients (nonmetastatic, n=54; metastatic, n=21) were evaluated to assess their investigative value and role in predicting the behavior of this malignancy. Methods The plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were quantified by ELISA. The best 2- and 3-marker combinations were calculated using the statistical software mROC. The diagnostic values for all the biomolecules as single markers and their combinations were estimated using the measures of diagnostic accuracy, i.e. the area under the ROC curve and the sensitivity and specificity at cutoff limits with the highest diagnostic accuracy and at the 95% limits of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Results MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly elevated (p=0.000, p=0.013 and p=0.005, respectively) in oral cancer patients. MMP-9 emerged as the best single statistically significant marker in plasma for oral cancer detection. It showed an increase in diagnostic performance when tested in combination with MMP-2 and TIMP-2. The median plasma MMP-9 levels were elevated in both the metastatic and nonmetastatic groups compared with controls (p<0.004 and p<0.007, respectively). Conclusion The results indicated that plasma MMP and TIMP levels in relevant combinations may facilitate clinical decision-making for improved management of oral cancer patients and may provide important data for selecting patients for treatment with drugs that interfere with MMP and TIMP activities.
Photoconduction: Very Large Photoconduction Enhancement Upon Self‐Assembly of a New Triindole Derivative in Solution‐Processed Films (Adv. Funct. Mater. 4/2011)
Authors: Gallego‐Gómez Francisco , García‐Frutos Eva M. , Villalvilla José M. , Quintana José A. , Gutierrez‐Puebla Enrique , Monge Angeles , Díaz‐García María A. , Gómez‐Lor Berta 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new carbazole‐related small molecule exhibiting self‐assembly into ordered nanostructures in solution‐processed cast films has been synthesized and its charge‐photogeneration and ‐transport properties have been investigated. Large photoconductivity was measured in the amorphous state while an enormous improvement in the photoconduction properties was observed when the molecules spontaneously organized. Photocurrents increased upon self‐assembly by up to four orders of magnitude, mostly due to the drastic enhancement of the charge photogeneration. A greatly favorable arrangement of the aromatic cores in the resulting nanostructures, which were characterized by X‐ray analysis, may explain these improvements. Photocurrents of mA cm−2, on/off ratios of 104 and quantum efficiencies of unity at low field and light intensity, which are among the best values reported to date, along with the simplicity of fabrication, give this readily‐available organic system great potential for use in plastic optoelectronic devices.
Regiodiverse Three‐Component Synthesis of Arenes
Authors: Danz Michael , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed enyne metathesis reaction followed by a cobalt‐catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction and oxidation of the dihydroaromatic intermediate generates the two regioisomeric aromatic products in good overall yields in a one‐pot procedure. The regiochemistry of the cycloaddition can be controlled by the ligand choice on the cobalt catalyst to generate the product with the 1,3,5‐ or the 1,2,4‐substitution pattern predominantly. The high functional group tolerance was used to generate bifunctionalized building blocks and finally an unprecedented regioselective Scholl reaction is described.
Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of novel poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives with conjugated thiophene as side chains
Authors: Ding Tianpeng , Zhao Bin , Shen Ping , Lu Junjian , Li Hui , Tan Songting 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo novel poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives with conjugated thiophene side chains, P1 and P2, were synthesized by Wittig‐Horner reaction. The resulting polymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, TGA, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The polymers exhibited good thermal stability and film‐forming ability. The absorption spectra of P1 and P2 showed broader absorption band from 300 to 580 nm compared with poly[(p‐phenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐octyloxy‐p‐phenylene vinylene)] (P3) without conjugated thiophene side chains. Cyclic voltammograms displayed that the bandgap was reduced effectively by attaching conjugated thiophene side chains. This kind of polymer appears to be interesting candidates for solar‐cell applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Experimental observations of time‐dependent behaviors for polycarbosilane melt
Authors: Cheng Xuan , Bai Xuewei , Li Junjie , Chen Huizhen , Zhang Ying 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe distinct characteristics of thixotropic and viscoelastic phenomena of polycarbosilane (PCS) melt were reported first time based on experimental observations. The PCS was synthesized according to the Yajima process with the number of average molecular weight being ∼ 1170, followed by an appropriate preshear treatment to remove air bubbles encountered during the heating or pressing process of PCS specimens. A series of shear thixotropic loop, start‐up, and step‐down rate measurements were carried out at 280°C to systematically examine the time‐dependent behaviors of PCS melt. It was found that the PCS melt was nonlinear complex fluid with a strong time‐dependent in viscoelasticity and apparent thixotropy. Compared with the conventional high‐density polyethylene, the shear stress–shear time responses of PCS melt were more susceptible to the changes of shear rate, shear time, and standing time because of the nature of low‐molecular‐weight polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Physicomechanical studies and solvent resistance analysis of melt‐blended novel ethylene‐1‐octene elastomer and ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid interpenetrating network hybrids
Authors: Gupta Baisali , Banerjee Deepanjan , Goswami Luna , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolar modification of poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (POE) elastomer was carried out with a relatively new approach. Poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) (EAA) was taken as the modifier and POE with a calculated amount of EAA were coextruded with dicumyl peroxide (DCP; used as a crosslinker). The majority of the compositions showed the existence of a crosslinked EAA phase inside POE, although increasing DCP concentrations and extrusion temperatures were possibly capable of crosslinking either of the phases, as observed with a model composition. All of the samples were soft and light in nature. The best composition was the one that contained 13.3 wt % EAA; that composition showed excellent surface polarity and superior mechanical properties. Detailed solvent swelling experiments also yielded the best results for that particular composition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of the glycerol content and temperature on the rheology of native and acetylated starches during and after gelatinization
Authors: Morán Juan I. , Cyras Viviana P. , Giudicessi Silvana L. , Erra‐Balsells Rosa , Vázquez Analía 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNative potato starch was acetylated and characterized. The influence of this chemical modification on different properties of the starch was studied. The characterization included the molecular weight, thermal properties, crystallinity, amylose content, swelling behavior, and pasting and rheological properties. The chemical modification induced small changes in the crystallinity of the starch and a reduction in the gelatinization heat and in the range of temperatures at which it took place. The amylose content was determined for acetylated and native potato starches. The swelling of native granules was higher than the swelling of acetylated potato starch. Regarding pasting behavior, the native and acetylated starches responded in similar ways to changes in the temperature and glycerol content. Finally, the acetylated starch was less pseudoplastic than the native starch. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Development of new concepts for the control of polymerization processes: Multiobjective optimization and decision engineering. II. Application of a Choquet integral to an emulsion copolymerization process
Authors: Camargo Mauricio , Morel Laure , Fonteix Christian , Hoppe Sandrine , Hu Guo‐Hua , Renaud Jean 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn polymer industry, engineers seek to obtain polymers with prescribed end‐use properties, high productivities, and low cost. Thus, the optimization of a manufacturing process with all those goals and constraints belongs to a problem domain that aims to achieve the best trade‐off possible. This article concerns the optimization of the batch emulsion polymerization of styrene and α‐methylstyrene. An accurate model was developed to describe the complete patterns of the emulsion polymerization. Key parameters of the model were identified on the basis of batch experimental data. The model was then used to simulate, under several operating conditions, the polymerization rate, the overall conversion of monomers, and the number and weight‐average molecular weights. Amulticriteria optimization approach based on an evolutionary algorithm and the concept of dominance from the Pareto frontier theory was used. Last, a decision aid system based on the Choquet integral was proposed to determine the optimal operating conditions with the preferences of the decision maker taken into account. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011