bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic Salts Based on Dipicrylamine and Its Amino Derivative
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Zhou Zhiming , Song Jinhong , Liang Lixuan , Wang Kai , Cao Dan , Sun Wenwen , Dong Xuemin , Xue Min 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEnergetic salts based on dipicrylamine and its amino derivative were synthesized. All salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Ethylenediammonium di‐DPA (DPA=dipicrylamine) and 1,3‐diaminoguanidinium DPA were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These salts exhibit reasonable physical properties, such as high densities (1.71–1.81 g cm−3), good thermal stabilities (Td=155–285 °C), and low solubilities in water. The impact sensitivity of 1‐methyl‐3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium DPA is lower than that of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), and for some other energetic salts their impact sensitivities are comparable to that of TNT. Based on experimental densities and theoretical calculations carried out by using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs, all the salts have calculated detonation pressures (22.5–27.8 GPa) and velocities (7226–7917 m s−1) that exceed those of conventional TNT. The toxicities of these salts measured by luminescent bacteria toxicity tests are much lower than that of TNT, and two binary eutectic mixtures with melting points that fall between 70 and 100 °C were identified.
Structures and Stabilities of Group 13 Adducts [(NHC)(EX3)] and [(NHC)2(E2Xn)] (E=B to In; X=H, Cl; n=4, 2, 0; NHC=N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) and the Search for Hydrogen Storage Systems: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Holzmann Nicole , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron , Frenking Gernot 
Published: October 2011

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the BP86/TZVPP level and ab initio calculations at the SCS‐MP2/TZVPP level have been carried out for the group 13 complexes [(NHC)(EX3)] and [(NHC)2(E2Xn)] (E=B to In; X=H, Cl; n=4, 2, 0; NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene). The monodentate Lewis acids EX3 and the bidentate Lewis acids E2Xn bind N‐heterocyclic carbenes rather strongly in donor–acceptor complexes [(NHC)(EX3)] and [(NHC)2(E2Xn)]. The equilibrium structures of the bidentate complexes depend on the electronic reference state of E2Xn, which may vary for different atoms E and X. All complexes [(NHC)2(E2X4)] possess Cs symmetry in which the NHC ligands bind in a trans conformation to the group 13 atoms E. The complexes [(NHC)2(E2H2)] with E=B, Al, Ga have also Cs symmetry with a trans arrangement of the NHC ligands and a planar CE(H)E(H)C moiety that has a EE π bond. In contrast, the indium complex [(NHC)2(In2H2)] has Ci symmetry with pyramidal‐coordinated In atoms in which the hydrogen atoms are twisted above and below the CInInC plane. The latter Ci form is calculated for all chloride systems [(NHC)2(E2Cl2)], but the boron complex [(NHC)2(B2Cl2)] deviates only slightly from Cs symmetry. The B2 fragment in the linear coordinated complex [(NHC)2(B2)] has a highly excited (3)1Σg− reference state, which gives an effective B≡B triple bond with a very short interatomic distance. The heavier homologues [(NHC)2(E2)] (E=Al to In) exhibit a anti‐periplanar arrangement of the NHC ligands in which the E2 fragments have a (1)1Δg reference state and an EE double bond. The calculated energies suggest that the dihydrogen release from the complexes [(NHC)(EH3)] and [(NHC)2(E2Hn)] becomes energetically more favourable when atom E becomes heavier. The indium complexes should therefore be the best candidates of the investigated series for hydrogen‐storage systems that could potentially deliver dihydrogen at close to ambient temperature. The hydrogenation reaction of the dimeric magnesium(I) compound [LMgMgL] (L=β‐diketiminate) with [(NHC)(EH3)] becomes increasingly exothermic with the trend B<Al<Ga<In.
Temporal and spatial expression of CCN3 during retina development
Authors: Laurent Maryvonne , Le Dréau Gwenvaël , Guillonneau Xavier , Lelièvre Elise , Slembrouck Amélie , Goureau Olivier , Martinerie Cécile , Marx Maria 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNOV/CCN3 is one of the founding members of the CCN (Cyr61 CTGF NOV) family. In the avian retina, CCN3 expression is mostly located within the central region of the inner nuclear layer. As retinal development progresses and this retinal layer differentiates and matures, CCN3 expression forms a dorsal–ventral and a central–peripheral gradient. CCN3 is produced by two glial cell types, peripapillary cells and Müller cells, as well as by horizontal, amacrine, and bipolar interneurons. In retinal neurons and Müller cell cultures, CCN3 expression is induced by activated BMP signaling, whereas Notch signaling decreases CCN3 mRNA and protein levels in Müller cells and has no effect in retinal neurons. In Müller cells, the CCN3 expression detected may thus result from a balance between the Notch and BMP signaling pathways. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (–)‐Isonitramine, (–)‐Sibirine, and (+)‐Nitramine by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Prasanna Kumara C. , Kumar Burugu Shiva , Puranik Vedavati G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConcise enantioselective total syntheses of naturally occurring 2‐azaspiro[5,5]undecan‐7‐ol (Nitraria) alkaloids viz. (–)‐isonitramine, (–)‐sibirine, and (+)‐nitramine are accomplished in 42, 38, and 25 % overall yield, respectively, in six steps starting from enantiomerically pure (S)‐methyl 3‐allyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐3‐carboxylate (>99 % ee). The key feature of the syntheses involves diastereoselective Hosomi–Sakurai allylation followed by ring‐closing metathesis.
Surface instability of a thin electrolyte film undergoing coupled electroosmotic and electrophoretic flows in a microfluidic channel
Authors: Ray Bahni , Reddy Puchalapalli Dinesh Sankar , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Joo Sang W. , Sharma Ashutosh , Qian Shizhi , Biswas Gautam 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider the stability of a thin liquid film with a free charged surface resting on a solid charged substrate by performing a general Orr–Sommerfeld (O‐S) analysis complemented by a long‐wave (LW) analysis. An externally applied field generates an electroosmotic flow (EOF) near the solid substrate and an electrophoretic flow (EPF) at the free surface. The EPF retards the EOF when both the surfaces have the same sign of the potential and can even lead to the flow reversal in a part of the film. In conjunction with the hydrodynamic stress, the Maxwell stress is also considered in the problem formulation. The electrokinetic potential at the liquid–air and solid–liquid interfaces is modelled by the Poisson–Boltzmann equation with the Debye–Hückel approximation. The O‐S analysis shows a finite‐wavenumber shear mode of instability when the inertial forces are strong and an LW interfacial mode of instability in the regime where the viscous force dominates. Interestingly, both the modes are found to form beyond a critical flow rate. The shear (interfacial) mode is found to be dominant when the film is thick (thin), the electric field applied is strong (weak), and the zeta‐potentials on the liquid–air and solid–liquid interfaces are high (small). The LW analysis predicts the presence of the interfacial mode, but fails to capture the shear mode. The change in the propagation direction of the interfacial mode with the zeta‐potential is predicted by both O‐S and LW analyses. The parametric range in which the LW analysis is valid is thus demonstrated.
Field experiments constraining the probability distribution of particle travel distances during natural rainstorms on different slope gradients
Authors: Ghahramani Afshin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Mudd Simon M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTRain splash erosion is an important soil transport mechanism on steep hillslopes. The rain splash process is highly stochastic; here we seek to constrain the probability distribution of splash transport distances on natural hillslopes as a function of hillslope gradient and total precipitation depth. Field experiments were conducted under natural precipitation events to observe splash travel on varying slope gradients. The downslope fraction of splash transport on 15°, 25° and 33° gradients were 85%, 96% and 96%, respectively. Maximum splash transport (Lmax) was related to the rain splash detachment of soil particles and slope gradient. An empirical relationship of Lmax to the precipitation depth and gradient was obtained; it is linearly proportional to hillslope gradient and logarithmically related to precipitation depth. Measured splash distances were calibrated to the fully two‐dimensional (2D) model of splash transport of Furbish et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research 112: F01001, 2007) that is based on the assumption that radial splash distances are exponentially distributed; calibrated values of mean splash transport distances are an order of magnitude greater than those previously determined in a controlled laboratory setting. We also compared measured data with several one‐dimensional (1D) probability distributions to asses if splash transport distances could be better explained by a heavy‐tailed probability distribution rather than an exponential probability distribution. We find that for hillslopes of 15° and 25°, although a log‐normal probability distribution best describes the data, we find its likelihood is nearly indistinguishable from an exponential distribution based on computing maximum likelihood estimators for all 1D distributions (exponential, log‐normal and Weibull). At 33°, however, we find stronger evidence that measured travel distances are heavy‐tailed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NSCLC: novel targeted therapies offer hope for the future
Authors: Nicolson Marianne , Dahle‐Smith Asa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLung cancer remains a major healthcare challenge despite the recent reduction in incidence in the Western world and introduction of the public smoking ban in some countries. However, the complexity of tumour biology is being unravelled along with a greater understanding of molecular signalling pathways, opening up a new field of research into targeted therapies. Here the authors focus on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), discussing its current management and some of the promising targeted therapies currently being investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bipolar I disorder: current and future management options
Authors: Maron Eduard , Young Allan H 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBipolar I disorder affects around one in every 100 adults and is a major public health issue. It is usually characterised by a combination of manic and depressive symptoms, with severe episodes of mood disturbance that can last for weeks or even months. Both men and women are affected, and the condition is a debilitating one that can adversely influence all areas of a person's life and his/her normal functioning. In this article, the authors look at the disease and its causes, and discuss both current and promising future treatment options. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain plasticity for verbal and visual memories in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis: An fMRI study
Authors: Alessio Andréa , Pereira Fabricio R.S. , Sercheli Maurício S. , Rondina Jane M. , Ozelo Helka B. , Bilevicius Elisabeth , Pedro Tatiane , Covolan Roberto J.M. , Damasceno Benito P. , Cendes Fernando 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe aimed to identify the brain areas involved in verbal and visual memory processing in normal controls and patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The sample comprised nine normal controls, eight patients with right MTLE, and nine patients with left MTLE. All subjects underwent fMRI with verbal and visual memory paradigms, consisting of encoding and immediate recall of 17 abstract words and 17 abstract drawings. A complex network including parietal, temporal, and frontal cortices seems to be involved in verbal memory encoding and retrieval in normal controls. Although similar areas of activation were identified in both patient groups, the extension of such activations was larger in the left‐HS group. Patients with left HS also tended to exhibit more bilateral or right lateralized encoding related activations. This finding suggests a functional reorganization of verbal memory processing areas in these patients due to the failure of left MTL system. As regards visual memory encoding and retrieval, our findings support the hypothesis of a more diffuse and bilateral representation of this cognitive function in the brain. Compared to normal controls, encoding in the left‐HS group recruited more widespread cortical areas, which were even more widespread in the right‐HS group probably to compensate for their right mesial temporal dysfunction. In contrast, the right‐HS group exhibited fewer activated areas during immediate recall than the other two groups, probably related to their greater difficulty in dealing with visual memory content. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial support for ZNF804A genotype‐dependent alterations in prefrontal connectivity
Authors: Paulus Frieder M. , Krach Sören , Bedenbender Johannes , Pyka Martin , Sommer Jens , Krug Axel , Knake Susanne , Nöthen Markus M. , Witt Stephanie H. , Rietschel Marcella , Kircher Tilo , Jansen Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies identified the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706 in ZNF804A as a common risk‐variant for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Whereas the molecular function of ZNF804A is yet unclear, recent imaging genetics studies have started to characterize the neural systems architecture linking rs1344706 genotype to psychosis. Carring rs1344706 risk‐alleles was associated with a decrease in functional connectivity within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs) as well as an increase in connectivity between the DLPFC and the hippocampal formation (HF) in the context of a working memory task. The present study aimed at replicating these findings in an independent sample of 94 healthy subjects. Subjects were genotyped for rs1344706 and performed a working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results indicate no support for a decrease of functional coupling between the bilateral DLPFCs at higher ZNF804A risk status. However, the current data show the previously described alteration in functional coupling between the right DLPFC and the HFs, albeit with weaker effects. Decoupled by default, the functional connectivity between the right DLPFC and anterior HFs increased with the number of rs1344706 risk alleles. The present data support fronto‐hippocampal dysconnectivity as intermediate phenotype linking rs1344706 genotype to psychosis. We discuss the issues in replicating the interhemispheric DLPFC coupling in light of the effect sizes rs1344706 genotype has on brain function, concluding that further independent replication studies are fundamentally needed to ascertain the role of rs1344706 in the functional integration of neural systems. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between level of processing and hippocampal–cortical functional connectivity during episodic memory formation in humans
Authors: Schott Björn H. , Wüstenberg Torsten , Wimber Maria , Fenker Daniela B. , Zierhut Kathrin C. , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Walter Henrik , Düzel Emrah , Richardson‐Klavehn Alan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew episodic memory traces represent a record of the ongoing neocortical processing engaged during memory formation (encoding). Thus, during encoding, deep (semantic) processing typically establishes more distinctive and retrievable memory traces than does shallow (perceptual) processing, as assessed by later episodic memory tests. By contrast, the hippocampus appears to play a processing‐independent role in encoding, because hippocampal lesions impair encoding regardless of level of processing. Here, we clarified the neural relationship between processing and encoding by examining hippocampal–cortical connectivity during deep and shallow encoding. Participants studied words during functional magnetic resonance imaging and freely recalled these words after distraction. Deep study processing led to better recall than shallow study processing. For both levels of processing, successful encoding elicited activations of bilateral hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex, and increased functional connectivity between left hippocampus and bilateral medial prefrontal, cingulate and extrastriate cortices. Successful encoding during deep processing was additionally associated with increased functional connectivity between left hippocampus and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction. In the shallow encoding condition, on the other hand, pronounced functional connectivity increases were observed between the right hippocampus and the frontoparietal attention network activated during shallow study processing. Our results further specify how the hippocampus coordinates recording of ongoing neocortical activity into long‐term memory, and begin to provide a neural explanation for the typical advantage of deep over shallow study processing for later episodic memory. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcallosal sensorimotor fiber tract structure‐function relationships
Authors: Fling Brett W. , Benson Bryan L. , Seidler Rachael D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated neuroanatomically selective relationships among white matter tract microstructure, physiological function, and task performance. Such findings suggest that the microstructure of transcallosal motor fibers may reflect the capacity for interhemispheric inhibition between the primary motor cortices, although full characterization of the transcallosal inhibitory sensorimotor network is lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of transcallosal fibers connecting homologous sensorimotor cortical regions and to identify the relationship(s) between fiber tract microstructure and interhemispheric inhibition during voluntary cortical activity. To this end, we assessed microstructure of fiber tracts connecting homologous sensorimotor regions of the cortex with diffusion tensor imaging. We also assessed interhemispheric inhibition by eliciting the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) within the same participants. We mapped mutually exclusive transcallosal connections between homologous sensorimotor regions and computed quantitative metrics of each fiber tract. Paralleling work in non‐human primates, we found the densest interhemispheric sensorimotor connections to be between the medial motor areas. Additionally, we provide a midsagittal callosal atlas in normalized Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space for future studies to use when investigating callosal fiber tracts connecting primary and secondary sensorimotor cortices. Finally, we report a strong, positive relationship (r = 0.76) between strength of interhemispheric inhibition (iSP) and microstructure of interhemispheric fibers that is specific to tracts connecting the primary motor cortices. Thus, increased fiber microstructure in young adults predicts interhemispheric inhibitory capacity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of acute stress on human brain microstructure: An MR diffusion study of earthquake survivors
Authors: Chen Long , Lui Su , Wu Qi‐Zhu , Zhang Wei , Zhou Dong , Chen Hua‐Fu , Huang Xiao‐Qi , Kuang Wei‐Hong , Chan Raymond C. , Mechelli Andrea , Gong Qi‐Yong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA characterization of the impact of natural disasters on the brain of survivors is critical for a better understanding of posttraumatic responses and may inform the development of more effective early interventions. Here we report alterations in white matter microstructure in survivors soon after Wenchuan earthquake in China in 2008. Within 25 days after the Wenchuan earthquake, 44 healthy survivors were recruited and scanned on a 3T MR imaging system. The survivors were divided into two groups according to their self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, including the SAS(+) (SAS > 55 after correction) group and “SAS(−)” (SAS < 55 after correction) group. Thrity‐two healthy volunteers were also recruited as control group before earthquake. Individual maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated and voxel‐based analysis (VBA) was performed to allow the comparison between survivors and controls using ANCOVAs in SPM2. In addition, a correlation between SAS score and regional FA value was examined using Pearson's correlation analysis in SPSS 11.5. Compared with the healthy cohort, the whole group of 44 survivors showed significantly decreased FA values in the right prefrontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the basal ganglia, and the right parahippocampus. These effects did not appear to depend on self‐rating anxiety. For the first time we provide evidence that acute trauma altered cerebral microstructure within the limbic system; furthermore, these alterations are evident shortly after the traumatic event, highlighting the need for early evaluation and intervention for trauma survivors. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and dynamic 1H NMR study around the carbon–carbon double bond in the new stable phosphorus ylides derived from the reaction between hexamethyl phosphorous triamide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of NH‐heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Ziyaadini Morteza , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Nourollah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew and stable phosphorous ylides are obtained from a simple and efficient one‐pot three‐component reaction between hexamethyl phosphorous triamide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of NH‐heterocyclic compounds in excellent yields at an ambient temperature. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of the restricted rotation around the carbon–carbon partial double bond resulting from the conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. Dynamic effects are observed in the 1H NMR spectra that are attributed to the restricted rotation around the carbon–carbon double bond. The experimental rotational energy barrier (Δ G#) and other activation parameters on the basis of the 1H NMR study for the rotational interchangeable process of major and minor isomers in ylides 4a–d are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:131–137, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20761
Hyoid osteoradionecrosis associated with carotid rupture: Report of 2 cases
Authors: Chard Rachel , Monroe Marcus M. , Andersen Peter E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the hyoid bone is a rare but reported complication of head and neck irradiation. Here we describe 2 cases in which carotid rupture was associated with hyoid ORN.MethodsThis study was conducted through a retrospective chart review and case reports of 2 patients.ResultsBoth patients had a history of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer; 1 patient had undergone previous surgical resection. Both patients had a history of painful swelling in the neck preceding presentation with hemorrhage. Acute hemorrhage was controlled in all patients using a combination of techniques including embolization, stent grafting, and vessel ligation.ConclusionORN of the hyoid can be associated with life‐threatening carotid rupture. In patients with a history of head and neck irradiation who present with painful swelling in the region of the hyoid, this entity should be considered. Early intervention may prevent subsequent rupture of the carotid artery and hemorrhage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013