bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Persian Gulf summertime low‐level jet over sloping terrain
Authors: Giannakopoulou E. M. , Toumi R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere are few observational and numerical studies of the summertime low‐level jet (LLJ) over the Persian Gulf, known as the shamal. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model accurately simulates the LLJ's vertical structure, nocturnal features and strong diurnal variation of the wind. The case‐study period is divided into a period during which the shamal is spatially extended (strong winds over the Gulf and Iraq) and a period during which it is less spatially extended (strong flow only over the Gulf). Orography, mountain slope and land/sea breeze are found to be key factors for the shamal diurnal variation of wind speed and wind direction; the Blackadar mechanism appears to be secondary to the heating in forcing the shamal. The Zagros Mountains not only channel the northwesterly winds but also provide a barrier for the easterly monsoon airflow, which maximizes the wind speed. Only during the less extensive period does the Zagros Mountains slope significantly affect the shamal wind intensity and direction. Both shallow and steep mountain slope sensitivity studies feature a jet‐like flow over the Persian Gulf. The steep slopes cause larger wind speeds; however, the shallow slopes reveal a stronger diurnally varying wind direction due to larger heating and cooling of the sloping terrain. It is also shown that, during the less extensive period, the land breeze and the lower friction over the sea increase the intensity of the nocturnal jet over the Gulf. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Optimal linearization trajectories for tangent linear models
Authors: Stappers R. J. J. , Barkmeijer J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe examine differential equations where nonlinearity is a result of the advection part of the total derivative or the use of quadratic algebraic constraints between state variables (such as the ideal gas law). We show that these types of nonlinearity can be accounted for in the tangent linear model by a suitable choice of the linearization trajectory. Using this optimal linearization trajectory, we show that the tangent linear model can be used to reproduce the exact nonlinear error growth of perturbations for more than 200 days in a quasi‐geostrophic model and more than (the equivalent of) 150 days in the Lorenz 96 model. We introduce an iterative method, purely based on tangent linear integrations, that converges to this optimal linearization trajectory.The main conclusion from this article is that this iterative method can be used to account for nonlinearity in estimation problems without using the nonlinear model. We demonstrate this by performing forecast sensitivity experiments in the Lorenz 96 model and show that we are able to estimate analysis increments that improve the two‐day forecast using only four backward integrations with the tangent linear model. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Using metrology in early prehistoric stone tool research: further work and a brief instrument comparison
Authors: Evans A. A. , Macdonald D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEarly prehistoric research aims to discover the activities of our ancestors and piece together the process of evolution and sociocultural development. A key element in this process is the study of stone tools, particularly how these tools functioned in prehistory. Currently, there are no established quantitative methods that address stone tool function. This article provides a summary of previous studies using metrological methods in stone tool research and details the use of laser scanning confocal microscopy to conduct areal surface analysis using three‐dimensional data sets. Research to‐date is preliminary but promising and shows that microscopic metrological approaches can provide a quantitative method to identify how stone tools were used. A limited comparison of two metrological systems is presented, the results of which highlight a need for caution and further investigation on the comparability of related data sets. SCANNING 33: 294–303, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of Broccolini leaf flavonoids on human cancer cells
Authors: Wang Bingfang , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBroccolini (Brassica oleracea Italica × Alboglabra) is a hybrid between broccoli and Gai Lan, also known as Chinese broccoli and Chinese kale. The aim of this study was to assess the antitumor activity of Broccolini leaf flavonoids (BLF). Cell growth inhibition was evaluated using a standard colorimetric MTT assay, cellular morphology was observed using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry was introduced to further investigate cells apoptosis effect. The results showed that BLF possess a dose‐dependent antiproliferative effects on four human cancer cell lines (SW480, HepG2, Hela, and A549) and apoptosis induction activity on SW480 cell line. Thus, the hybrid species Broccolini could be considered as a functional vegetable with potential in assisting for the treatment of four human cancers examined here. SCANNING 34: 1–5, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of a field‐programmable gate array‐based wireless local area network synchronizer
Authors: Kennedy Christopher E. , Dechene Dan J. , Shami Abdallah 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTSynchronization is a critical operation required by majority of wireless receivers. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing baseband packet synchronizer deployed on a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA). Packet detection, carrier frequency offset estimation/correction, and time synchronization are all performed in the time domain by processing samples before the fast Fourier transform computation on the receiver. We propose techniques to reduce the area complexity of the arithmetic computations while maintaining the performance of existing approaches. FPGA implementation results are reported, and the design is evaluated by simulation under additive white Gaussian noise channel conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nesting Phenology and Clutch Characteristics of Captive Siamese Crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Cambodia
Authors: Platt Steven G. , Monyrath Vuthy , Sovannara Heng , Kheng Long , Rainwater Thomas R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is considered one of the least studied and most critically endangered crocodilians in the world. Although few wild populations remain, more than 700,000 C. siamensis are held on commercial crocodile farms in Southeast Asia. Despite conservation concerns, many aspects of C. siamensis life history remain poorly known, particularly with regards to its reproductive biology. We studied nesting phenology, clutch characteristics, and other aspects of C. siamensis reproductive biology on crocodile farms in Cambodia during 2000 and 2001. Oviposition among captive crocodiles began in February and continued into early June. The mean (±1 SD) oviposition date based on pooled data from 2000 and 2001 was 5 April ± 24 days. Mean oviposition date differed significantly between 2000 and 2001, possibly as a result of annual variability among nesting cues. The mean incubation period was 72 ± 3 days and eggs hatched from 5 May to 18 August. Mean clutch size (25.0 ± 8.8 eggs; n = 183) differed significantly between years, possibly resulting from the >2.5‐fold increase in sample size during 2001. There was no correlation between clutch size and oviposition date during either 2000 or 2001. A single female produced two clutches during 2001, complimenting previous reports of double‐clutching among C. siamensis. The mean length and width of 515 eggs were 78.2 ± 4.9 and 48.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; mean egg mass was 90.8 ± 16.5 g (n = 471). One unpipped egg contained a set of twins. Zoo Biol 31:534‐545, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ischemic Colitis: Clinical Presentation, Localization in Relation to Risk Factors, and Long‐Term Results
Authors: Glauser Philippe M. , Wermuth Petra , Cathomas Gieri , Kuhnt Evelyn , Käser Samuel A. , Maurer Christoph A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundIschemic colitis is commonly thought to occur most often in the left hemicolon close to the splenic flexure owing to insufficient blood supply near Griffith’s point. This study investigates the colorectal localization pattern, the risk factors, and the long‐term outcome of histologically proven ischemic colitis.MethodsBetween 1996 and 2004, a total of 49 patients with a median age of 69 years (range 26–94 years) with colonoscopically assessed and histologically proven ischemic colitis were identified on behalf of the pathology database. Long‐term results of 43 patients were evaluated retrospectively after a median interval of 79 months (range 6–163 months).ResultsIn 27 patients (55%) more than one location was affected. We found 98 affected locations in 49 patients. The distribution of ischemic colitis in our group shows no significantly preferred location. In an exploratory analysis, the cecum, ascending colon, and right flexure were affected significantly more often if intake of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) is documented. There was no association between the location of ischemic colitis and a history of smoking, peripheral artery occlusive disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, or malignant tumor.ConclusionsIschemic colitis seems not to have a predisposing site of occurrence in the colorectum, especially Griffith’s point which was not afflicted significantly more often than other sites. Frequently, ischemic colitis afflicts more than one colonic location. In patients being treated with NSAIDs, ischemic colitis was observed significantly more often in the right hemicolon. Recurrence of ischemic colitis seems to be rare.
Community‐acquired Pneumonia during Long‐term Follow‐up of Patients after Radical Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of Incidence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Hanyu Takaaki , Kanda Tatsuo , Yajima Kazuhito , Tanabe Yoshinari , Komukai Shintaro , Kosugi Shin‐ichi , Suzuki Tsutomu , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are no data concerning the occurrence of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in esophageal cancer patients during long‐term follow‐up after radical esophagectomy. The aims of the present study were to determine the incidence of CAP in esophageal cancer patients who underwent radical esophagectomy and to identify the risk factors.MethodsA total of 186 consecutive patients who underwent radical esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma in our hospital between 1991 and 2000 were enrolled in this study. Data on the occurrence of CAP were retrospectively collected from medical records, follow‐up files, and telephone interviews with patients. The cumulative incidence of CAP was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the risk factors for CAP were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. The median follow‐up time was 77 months (range 12–216 months).ResultsSixty patients suffered from CAP during the follow‐up period. The cumulative incidence was 25.8% at 5 years and 38.4% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis revealed the following as the significant risk factors for CAP: presence of lymph node metastasis (Hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–4.50; P < 0.001), colonic interposition (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.41–5.82; P = 0.004), obstructive lung disease (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.11–3.42; P = 0.021), and preoperative hypoalbuminemia (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20–3.60; P = 0.009).ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of CAP in esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy. Positive nodal metastasis, colonic interposition, obstructive lung disease, and preoperative hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for this long‐term postoperative morbidity.
Fast‐Track Concepts in Major Open Upper Abdominal and Thoracoabdominal Surgery: A Review
Authors: Fagevik Olsén Monika , Wennberg Elisabet 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this article was to review the research considering fast‐track concepts in upper abdominal and thoracoabdominal surgery.MethodsA search for clinical studies evaluating the fast‐track concept after open major upper abdominal or thoracoabdominal surgery was performed. Reference lists of identified articles were searched. Trials—written in English—that compared a concept and traditional care were evaluated with regard to their internal validity. Level of evidence was defined and each outcome was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 15 articles were found, separated into gastric (n = 2), pancreatic (n = 5), hepatic (n = 2), esophageal (n = 3), and aortic surgery (n = 3). Three were randomized, controlled trials. The different trials represented various concepts of fast‐track surgery, but the majority included specific programs for analgesics, avoidance of drainage tubes, early start of oral nutrition, and early and active mobilization. There is moderate evidence that fast‐track concepts result in shorter hospital stay. There is low evidence that fast‐track concepts shorten need of ventilation, decrease the need of care at the intensive care unit, decrease postoperative pain, and reduce total hospital costs. The concepts seem to have similar rates of surgical complications, readmission rate, and mortality rates as conventional care. No specific adverse events were reported.ConclusionsAlthough the methodological quality of the articles reviewed was low and the trials heterogeneous, all trials concluded that the introduction of fast‐track concepts were safe and feasible, achieved shorter hospital stays, and reduced costs. Future randomized, controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the effect of these concepts.
Renal Vein Lengthening Using Gonadal Vein Reduces Surgical Difficulty in Living‐Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Feng Jia‐Yu , Huang Chi‐Bing , Fan Ming‐Qi , Wang Ping‐Xian , Xiao Ya , Zhang Gen‐Fu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundDuring living‐donor kidney transplantation, to maximally decrease donor injury, the right kidney with lower glomerular filtration rate often is selected as the donor kidney. However, the renal vein of the right kidney is relatively short for transplantation. The gonadal vein is essentially useless and is easily accessed during the donor nephrectomy.MethodsSeventeen live kidney donors received right kidney nephrectomy for living‐donor kidney transplantation. Short renal veins were lengthened by circular anastomosis or spiral anastomosis of longitudinally cut gonadal veins. The renal function of receivers was evaluated using creatinine clearance.ResultsThe renal veins were extended by 2.0–2.7 cm with circular anastomosis and 4.1–4.5 cm with spiral anastomosis with an average of 2.5 ± 0.7 cm. Lengthening of renal veins averaged 20.4 ± 4.2 min. All surgeries were successful, significantly reducing difficulty of vascular anastomosis during transplantation. No poor early graft function occurred. No side effects were observed in donors.ConclusionsWhen donor renal veins are too short for effective kidney transplantation and may affect reliability of vascular anastomosis, they can be lengthened by using gonadal veins without increasing injury to the donor. Successful extension of donor kidney renal veins expands the indication for right donor kidneys.
Surgical Impact on Gastric Cancer with Locoregional Invasion
Authors: Lai Kuan‐Kai , Fang Wen‐Liang , Wu Chew‐Wun , Huang Kuo‐Hung , Chen Jen‐Hao , Lo Su‐Shun , Li Anna Fen‐Yau 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of resection of gastric cancer with locoregional invasion is still under debate. This study aimed to investigate the impact of surgery on patients with gastric cancer with locoregional invasion.MethodsFrom January 1988 to December 2009, a total of 2,678 patients with gastric cancer underwent surgery at the Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Among these patients, 569 and 295 were diagnosed as T4a (serosa invasion without penetration of visceral peritoneum) and T4b (serosa exposure with invasion of adjacent structure), respectively. Invasion type and prognosis were analyzed in patients with gastric cancer who had either curative or palliative resection.ResultsOur results showed that patients with T4a gastric cancer had a better 5‐year overall survival than patients with T4b (22.5% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.001). Patients with T4b who had curative resection had a better 5‐year overall survival than those with T4b who had palliative resection (13.8% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.001). The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer with pancreas invasion was worse than those with mesocolon invasion, as no patients with pancreas invasion survived more than 5 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor size (P = 0.019), Bormann classification (P < 0.001), stromal reaction (P = 0.001), and nodal involvement (P < 0.001) were independent predictors for overall survival in patients with T4b gastric cancer.ConclusionResection of T4b gastric cancer could be performed with curative intent. Patients with gastric cancer with pancreas invasion had a poorer prognosis than those with mesocolon invasion.
AORN Ergonomic Tool 7: Pushing, Pulling, and Moving Equipment on Wheels
Authors: Waters Thomas , Lloyd John D. , Hernandez Edward , Nelson Audrey 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPushing and pulling equipment in and around the OR can place high shear force demands on perioperative team members' shoulder and back muscles and joints. These high forces may lead to work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. AORN Ergonomic Tool 7: Pushing, Pulling, and Moving Equipment on Wheels can help perioperative team members assess the risk of pushing and pulling tasks in the perioperative setting. The tool provides evidence‐based suggestions about when assistive devices should be used for these tasks and is based on current ergonomic safety concepts, scientific evidence, and knowledge of effective technology and procedures, including equipment and devices for safe patient handling.
Supply Chain Optimization for Pediatric Perioperative Departments
Authors: Davis Janice L. , Doyle Robert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEconomic challenges compel pediatric perioperative departments to reduce nonlabor supply costs while maintaining the quality of patient care. Optimization of the supply chain introduces a framework for decision making that drives fiscally responsible decisions. The cost‐effective supply chain is driven by implementing a value analysis process for product selection, being mindful of product sourcing decisions to reduce supply expense, creating logistical efficiency that will eliminate redundant processes, and managing inventory to ensure product availability. The value analysis approach is an analytical methodology for product selection that involves product evaluation and recommendation based on consideration of clinical benefit, overall financial impact, and revenue implications.
Clinical Issues—September 2011
Authors: Denholm Bonnie 
Published: August 2011

This MonthSafe medication administrationKey words: safe medication practices, rights of medication administration.Use of surgical masks during cystoscopy and dental proceduresKey words: cystoscopy attire, surgical masks.Determining whether prothrombin should be classified as tissue or medicationKey words: classification of human‐derived hemostatic agents, prothrombin.Surgical patient waiting timesKey words: patient satisfaction survey, extended preoperative wait times.
The Optimum Cage Position and Orientation on the ALIF with Facet Screw Fixation: A Finite Element Analysis and the Taguchi Method
Authors: Fan C.-Y. , Chao C.-K. , Hsu C.-C. , Chao K.-H. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAnterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) has been widely used to treat internal disc degeneration. However, different cage positions and their orientations may affect the initial stability leading to different fusion results. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the optimum cage position and orientation for aiding an ALIF having a transfacet pedicle screw fixation (TFPS). A three-dimensional finite element model (ALIF with TFPS) has been developed to simulate the stability of the L4/L5 fusion segment under five different loading conditions. The Taguchi method was used to evaluate the optimized placement of the cages. Three control factors and two noise factors were included in the parameter design. The control factors included the anterior-posterior position, the medio-lateral position, and the convergent-divergent angle between the two cages. The compressive preload and the strengths of the cancellous bone were set as noise factors. From the results of the FEA and the Taguchi method, we suggest that the optimal cage positioning has a wide anterior placement, and a diverging angle between the two cages. The results show that the optimum cage position simultaneously contributes to a stronger support of the anterior column and lowers the risk of TFPS loosening.
Effects of Flow Patterns on Aerodynamic Forces of a Square Cylinder at Incidence
Authors: Huang R. F. , Lin B. H. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe pressure distributions around a square cylinder in a crossflow were experimentally studied in a wind tunnel. The subject of study was conventional, but the results presented new findings. The experiments were performed by using a home-made linear pressure scanner. The ranges of Reynolds number and incidence angle were 2 × 104- 9.4 × 104and 0° - 45°, respectively. According to the topological flow patterns, the flows around the square cylinder at incidence showed three characteristic regimes: The subcritical, supercritical, and wedge flows. A critical incidence angle αcri= 15° separated the regimes of subcritical and supercritical modes. The results of current study provided information regarding the effects of the topological flow patterns on surface pressure distribution, drag, and lift characteristics. The pressure distributions, drag, and lift presented different characteristics in different characteristic flow regimes and had close correlations with the flows. At the critical incidence angle 15° which separated the subcritical and supercritical regimes, the surface-averaged pressure coefficient on each face displayed local extreme value—The drag coefficient attained a minimum of 1.6, the lateral force coefficient reached a maximum of 0.9. The appearance of the minimum drag at the critical incidence angle was attributed to the reduction of wake width which was induced by two surface flow phenomena: (1) reattachment of the separated boundary layer on the lateral surface facing windward at the critical incidence angle and (2) flow pattern change on the lateral surface facing leeward.
Multi-Cross-Correlation Method in Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Hsu T.-W. , Shin C.-Y. , Ou S.-H. , Li Y.-T. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA multi-cross-correlation method (MCCM) was developed in a particle image velocimetry (PIV) auto-processing system to reduce spurious vectors and improve accuracy of measurements. This technique is an improvement based on conventional cross-correlation method (CCM). Four typical neighboring interrogation windows were specified to be overlapped and calculated by MCCM. A high cross-correlation value is obtained in which many particle images match up with their corresponding spatially shifted partners, and small cross-correlation peaks due to interference of noises during experiments are reduced. Several parameters such as out-of-plane motions, particle size, and seeding density are considered for checking both MCCM and conventional PIV algorithms. The examination gives authenticity to the merits of MCCM for avoiding particles loss or mistaken velocity vectors.