bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The astrocytic lineage marker calmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 1 (Camsap1): Phenotypic heterogeneity of newly born Camsap1‐expressing cells in injured mouse brain
Authors: Yoshioka Nozomu , Asou Hiroaki , Hisanaga Shin‐Ichi , Kawano Hitoshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCalmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 1 (Camsap1) has been recognized as a new marker for astrocytic lineage cells and is expressed on mature astrocytes in the adult brain (Yamamoto et al. [2009] J. Neurosci. Res. 87:503–513). In the present study, we found that newly born Camsap1‐expressing cells exhibited regional heterogeneity in an early phase after stab injury of the mouse brain. In the surrounding area of the lesion site, Camsap1 was expressed on quiescent astrocytes. At 3 days after injury, Camsap1 immunoreactivity was upregulated on glial fibrillary acidic protein‐immunoreactive (GFAP‐ir) astrocytes. Some of these astrocytes incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) together with re‐expression of the embryonic cytoskeleton protein nestin. In the neighboring region of the lesion cavity, Camsap1 was expressed on GFAP‐negative cells. At 3 days after injury, GFAP‐ir astrocytes were absent around the lesion cavity. At this stage, NG2‐ir cells immunopositive for Camsap1 and immunonegative for GFAP were distributed in border of the lesion cavity. By 10 days, Camsap1 immunoreactivity was exclusively detected on GFAP‐ir reactive astrocytes devoid of NG2 immunoreactivity. BrdU pulse‐chase labeling assay suggested the differentiation of Camsap1+/NG2+ cells into Camsap1+/GFAP+ astrocytes. In the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricle, Camsap1‐ir cells increased after injury. Camsap1 immunoreactivity was distributed on ependymal and subependymal cells bearing various astrocyte markers, and BrdU incorporation was enhanced on such Camsap1‐ir cells after injury. These results suggest that newly born reactive astrocytes are derived from heterogeneous Camsap1‐expressing cells in the injured brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1301–1317, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordinate development of skin cells and cutaneous sensory axons in zebrafish
Authors: O'Brien Georgeann S. , Rieger Sandra , Wang Fang , Smolen Gromoslaw A. , Gonzalez Robert E. , Buchanan JoAnn , Sagasti Alvaro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPeripheral sensory axons innervate the epidermis early in embryogenesis to detect touch stimuli. To characterize the time course of cutaneous innervation and the nature of interactions between sensory axons and skin cells at early developmental stages, we conducted a detailed analysis of cutaneous innervation in the head, trunk, and tail of zebrafish embryos and larvae from 18 to 78 hours postfertilization. This analysis combined live imaging of fish expressing transgenes that highlight sensory neurons and skin cells, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and serial scanning electron microscopy (sSEM). In zebrafish, the skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, and all of the axons in the first wave of innervation are free endings. Maturation of the epithelium coincides with, but does not depend on, its innervation by peripheral sensory axons. We found that peripheral axons initially arborize between the two epithelial skin layers, but not within the basal lamina, as occurs in other organisms. Strikingly, as development proceeds, axons become tightly enveloped within basal keratinocytes, an arrangement suggesting that keratinocytes may serve structural or functional roles, akin to Schwann cells, in somatosensation mediated by these sensory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basic Principles for Rational Design of High‐Performance Nanostructured Silicon‐Based Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Yang Chun Cheng , Li Sean 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecently, nanostructured silicon‐based thermoelectric materials have drawn great attention owing to their excellent thermoelectric performance in the temperature range around 450 °C, which is eminently applicable for concentrated solar thermal technology. In this work, a unified nanothermodynamic model is developed to investigate the predominant factors that determine the lattice thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline, nanoporous, and nanostructured bulk Si. A systematic study shows that the thermoelectric performance of these materials can be substantially enhanced by the following three basic principles: 1) artificial manipulation and optimization of roughness with surface/interface patterning/engineering; 2) grain‐size reduction with innovative fabrication techniques in a controllable fashion; and 3) optimization of material parameters, such as bulk solid–vapor transition entropy, bulk vibrational entropy, dimensionality, and porosity, to decrease the lattice thermal conductivity. These principles may be used to rationally design novel nanostructured Si‐based thermoelectric materials for renewable energy applications.
Estimation of rotor position in a three‐phase SRM at standstill and low speeds
Authors: Komatsuzaki Akitomo , Bamba Tatsunori , Miki Ichiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSwitched reluctance motors (SRMs) are widely employed as industrial drives because they are inexpensive, simple, and sturdy, and further, they deliver a robust and reliable performance. SRMs are controlled with a rotor position sensor attached to the motor shaft. Normally, encoders, resolvers, or Hall sensors are used as position sensors. The use of these sensors, however, increases the size and cost of the machine and degrades its performance. Therefore, to overcome these difficulties, several sensorless drive techniques have been reported. This paper presents a method for estimating the position of a rotor in an SRM, based on calculation of the space vector of the phase inductance at standstill and low speeds. The position at standstill is obtained simply without making use of the magnetic characteristics of the motor or any additional hardware. Assuming the inductance waveform to be a sine wave, the position of the rotor at standstill is obtained from the phase inductance vectors of all phases. At low speeds, position estimation is carried out by applying a DC link voltage to the unenergized phases. The validity of the proposed method is experimentally verified. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(2): 55–63, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21205
Time‐harmonic electromagnetic field analysis in multisphere model by Gumerov's method of two scalar potentials
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Masutani Keigo , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTime‐harmonic electromagnetic fields in multisphere models were calculated by the method of two scalar potentials proposed by Gumerov. The analyzed models were an eccentric two‐sphere model and a ten‐sphere model including the brain core and a pair of eyeballs. The applied fields were a plane wave and a dipole magnetic field, and the frequency was 1.8 or 2.0 GHz. The truncation degree p of the multipole and local expansion had values of up to 170 to 200. The peak power density on the x–y plane and the absorbed power in each tissue almost monotonically converged as p increased. These results demonstrate the usefulness of Gumerov's method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(2): 1–10, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002–eej.21224
Can Hydrophobic Interactions Influence Supramolecular Aggregation in Self‐Assembled Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures?
Authors: Heussner Kirsten , Grabau Mathias , Forster Johannes , Streb Carsten 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study aims to provide insights into the ability of amphiphilic cations to influence the assembly of hybrid organic‐inorganic crystal lattices using hydrophobic interactions. To investigate the hypothesis, a prototype amphiphilic cation, tert‐butyldiethanolammonium, was employed together with molybdenum oxide clusters of increasing size and charge in the self‐assembly of type I hybrid systems. The molybdate clusters were used as model inorganic building blocks as they can be formed in situ and their size and charge can be adjusted by pH control. Using this strategy, three hybrid structures were obtained and characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, theoretical bond valence sum calculations, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and theoretical Hirshfeld analysis. Heptamolybdate Na5[tBuNH(C2H4OH)2][Mo7O24]·ca. 14H2O (1) was isolated, which features sodium‐linked dimeric cluster species. Inaddition, octamolybdate [tBuNH(C2H4OH)2]4[Mo8O26]·ca. 4H2O (2) was isolated, which incorporates a complex cationic sodium network that contains isolated octadecanuclear sodium clusters. At low pH levels (below pH 2),[tBuNH(C2H4OH)2]14[Mo36O112(H2O)16][Mo36O112(H2O)14{tBuNH(C2H4OH)2}2]·ca. 36H2O (3) was obtained, which is based on a 36‐centre molybdenum oxide cluster. Crystallographic analysis of the assemblies showed that the formation of hydrophobic regions within the crystal lattice is affected by the size of the inorganic building blocks employed. In 1 and 2, the hydrophobic tert‐butyl groups of the amphiphilic cations aggregate into hydrophobic assemblies. In contrast, the structural arrangement in 3 is dominated by the large inorganic cluster and the organic cations are incorporated as isolated units. This behaviour is further supported by theoretical Hirshfeld surface analysis of the organic counterions, which suggests that, with increasing cluster size, the contribution of long‐range, hydrophobic intermolecular interactions decreases, which is in line with the crystallographic analysis for 1–3.
Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of 1,5‐Enynes Promoted by Cyclometalated NHC–PtII–Monophos Catalysts
Authors: Jullien Hélène , Brissy Delphine , Retailleau Pascal , Marinetti Angela 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective cycloisomerizations of 1,5‐enynes bearing non‐migrating oxygen functions at the propargylic carbon atom have been carried out by using Monophos–PtII and Binepine–PtII complexes as chiral precatalysts. They afforded the corresponding bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐3‐one in up to 63 % enantiomeric excess. The stereochemical outcome of these reactions has been investigated in order to highlight possible matching–mismatching effects between the chiral catalyst and chiral substrates with opposite configurations at the stereogenic carbon. A substantial effect of the stereogenic carbon has been evidenced.
A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐b][1,5]oxazepines by Ring Closure of O‐Glycosyl Amino Acids
Authors: Khodair Ahmed I. , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractN‐Boc‐protected serine and threonine esters could be readily added to 2‐nitroglycals, affording exclusively α‐ and β‐anomers with galacto‐ and gluco‐configuration, respectively. Nitro group reduction to the amino group and also ester cleavage led to compounds 2, 6, and 11, which can be regarded as dipeptide mimetics. From these compounds, bicyclic pyrano[2.3‐b][1,5]oxazepines 7–14 were prepared by ring closure.
Intracellular and extracellular factors influencing Cr(VI and Cr(III) genotoxicity
Authors: Sobol Zhanna , Schiestl Robert H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCr(VI) is a human and animal carcinogen. Cr(VI) does not interact directly with DNA and thus its genotoxicity is attributed to its intracellular reduction to Cr(III) via reactive intermediates. The resulting types of DNA damage can be grouped into two categories: (1) oxidative DNA damage and (2) Cr(III)‐DNA interactions. This study examines the molecular mechanism of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) genotoxicity in an intact cell. A system screening for DNA deletions (DEL assay) was used to compare induction of chromosomal rearrangements in the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae following Cr(VI) and Cr(III) exposure. Both forms of chromium induced DNA deletions albeit with different dose‐response curves. N‐acetylcysteine had a protective effect against Cr(VI) genotoxicity at high exposure doses but had no protective effect at lower doses or against Cr(III). An oxidative DNA damage repair mutant was hypersensitive to Cr(VI) only at high exposure and the mutant was not hypersensitive to Cr(III) exposure. These data imply that oxidative stress is involved in Cr(VI) genotoxicity at high exposure concentrations and not so in Cr(III). The Cr(III)‐DNA interaction appears to be an important genotoxic lesion following Cr(VI) exposure at low‐exposure concentrations. The CAN forward mutation assay revealed that within the concentration ranges used for this study, Cr(III) does not cause point mutations and Cr(VI) causes a mild but statistically significant increase in point mutation only at the highest concentration tested. This study reveals that DNA deletions occurring as a result of intrachromosomal homologous recombination are a useful endpoint for studying chromium genotoxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment
Authors: Dlugoß Verena , Fiener Peter , Van Oost Kristof , Schneider Karl 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSoil redistribution on arable land significantly affects lateral and vertical soil carbon (C) fluxes (caused by C formation and mineralization) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Whether this serves as a (C) sink or source to the atmosphere is a controversial issue. In this study, the SPEROS‐C model was modified to analyse erosion induced lateral and vertical soil C fluxes and their effects upon SOC stocks in a small agricultural catchment (4·2 ha). The model was applied for the period between 1950 and 2007 covering 30 years of conventional tillage (1950–1979) followed by 28 years of conservation tillage (1980–2007). In general, modelled and measured SOC stocks are in good agreement for three observed soil layers. The overall balance (1950–2007) of erosion induced lateral and vertical C fluxes results in a C loss of −4·4 g C m–2 a–1 at our test site. Land management has a significant impact on the erosion induced C fluxes, leading to a predominance of lateral C export under conventional and of vertical C exchange between soil and atmosphere under conservation agriculture. Overall, the application of the soil conservation practices, with enhanced C inputs by cover crops and decreased erosion, significantly reduced the modelled erosion induced C loss of the test site. Increasing C inputs alone, without a reduction of erosion rates, did not result in a reduction of erosion induced C losses. Moreover, our results show that the potential erosion induced C loss is very sensitive to the representation of erosion rates (long‐term steady state versus event driven). A first estimate suggests that C losses are very sensitive to magnitude and frequency of erosion events. If long‐term averages are dominated by large magnitude events modelled erosion induced C losses in the catchment were significantly reduced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Back‐barrier flooding by storm surges and overland flow
Authors: Fagherazzi Sergio , Priestas Anthony M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTLow‐elevation areas within a sandy barrier island are subject to flooding via saturation overland flow following moderate storm surges and rainfall events. Using a high resolution topographic survey and simple hydrology models, we estimate the discharge and velocities from storm surge return flow and saturation overland flow. Results show that return flow velocities are of the same magnitude as the critical velocity necessary to mobilize sand when a hydraulic connection between the watershed and back‐barrier bay is present. Storms of moderate strength and rainfall intensity may be sufficient to keep the return channels open within the back‐barrier, thus providing natural conduits for water exchange from overwash events during extreme storm surges triggered by hurricanes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Through‐water terrestrial laser scanning of gravel beds at the patch scale
Authors: Smith Mark , Vericat Damià , Gibbins Chris 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAcquiring high resolution topographic data of natural gravel surfaces is technically demanding in locations where the bed is not exposed at low water stages. Often the most geomorphologically active surfaces are permanently submerged. Gravel beds are spatially variable and measurement of their detailed structure and particle sizes is essential for understanding the interaction of bed roughness with near‐bed flow hydraulics, sediment entrainment, transport and deposition processes, as well as providing insights into the ecological responses to these processes. This paper presents patch‐scale laboratory and field experiments to demonstrate that through‐water terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has the potential to provide high resolution digital elevation models of submerged gravel beds with enough detail to depict individual grains and small‐scale forms. The resulting point cloud data requires correction for refraction before registration. Preliminary validation shows that patch‐scale TLS through 200 mm of water introduces a mean error of less than 5 mm under ideal conditions. Point precision is not adversely affected by the water column. The resulting DEMs can be embedded seamlessly within larger sub‐aerial reach‐scale surveys and can be acquired alongside flow measurements to examine the effects of three‐dimensional surface geometry on turbulent flow fields and their interaction with instream ecology dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies
Authors: von der Kammer Frank , Ferguson P. Lee , Holden Patricia A. , Masion Armand , Rogers Kim R. , Klaine Stephen J. , Koelmans Albert A. , Horne Nina , Unrine Jason M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Advances in the study of the environmental fate, transport, and ecotoxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been hampered by a lack of adequate techniques for the detection and quantification of ENMs at environmentally relevant concentrations in complex media. Analysis of ENMs differs from traditional chemical analysis because both chemical and physical forms must be considered. Because ENMs are present as colloidal systems, their physicochemical properties are dependent on their surroundings. Therefore, the simple act of trying to isolate, observe, and quantify ENMs may change their physicochemical properties, making analysis extremely susceptible to artifacts. Many analytical techniques applied in materials science and other chemical/biological/physical disciplines may be applied to ENM analysis as well; however, environmental and biological studies may require that methods be adapted to work at low concentrations in complex matrices. The most pressing research needs are the development of techniques for extraction, cleanup, separation, and sample storage that introduce minimal artifacts to increase the speed, sensitivity, and specificity of analytical techniques, as well as the development of techniques that can differentiate between abundant, naturally occurring particles, and manufactured nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:32–49. © 2011 SETAC
Laboratory investigation for power transformer protection technique based on positive sequence admittance approach
Authors: Eissa Moustafa Mohammed , Shehab‐Eldin El Hassan , Masoud Mohmoud Elshahat , Abd‐Elatif Ahmed Sayed 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new digital technique for transformer protection. The technique uses the accumulated positive sequence admittances at the two sides of the power transformer. The instantaneous measurements of phase voltage and line current signals at the transformer terminals are used to calculate the accumulated positive sequence admittances. A 500/230‐kV Y/Y transformer connected to a 230‐kV power system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMIULINK tool. The method depends on stand alone decision at the two terminals of power transformer. A real‐time investigation for power transformer in normal and abnormal conditions based on experimental setup is given. The experimental setup uses a transformer of (5 kVA, 220/110 V) for testing purposes. The simulated and experimental results indicated that the proposed technique is stable, reliable, and fast during the discrimination between internal and external faults, magnetizing inrush currents, and switching on internal faults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain growth rate abnormalities visualized in adolescents with autism
Authors: Hua Xue , Thompson Paul M. , Leow Alex D. , Madsen Sarah K. , Caplan Rochelle , Alger Jeffry R. , O'Neill Joseph , Joshi Kishori , Smalley Susan L. , Toga Arthur W. , Levitt Jennifer G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous disorder of brain development with wide ranging cognitive deficits. Typically diagnosed before age 3, autism spectrum disorder is behaviorally defined but patients are thought to have protracted alterations in brain maturation. With longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we mapped an anomalous developmental trajectory of the brains of autistic compared with those of typically developing children and adolescents. Using tensor‐based morphometry, we created 3D maps visualizing regional tissue growth rates based on longitudinal brain MRI scans of 13 autistic and seven typically developing boys (mean age/interscan interval: autism 12.0 ± 2.3 years/2.9 ± 0.9 years; control 12.3 ± 2.4/2.8 ± 0.8). The typically developing boys demonstrated strong whole brain white matter growth during this period, but the autistic boys showed abnormally slowed white matter development (P = 0.03, corrected), especially in the parietal (P = 0.008), temporal (P = 0.03), and occipital lobes (P = 0.02). We also visualized abnormal overgrowth in autism in gray matter structures such as the putamen and anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings reveal aberrant growth rates in brain regions implicated in social impairment, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors in autism, suggesting that growth rate abnormalities persist into adolescence. Tensor‐based morphometry revealed persisting growth rate anomalies long after diagnosis, which has implications for evaluation of therapeutic effects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Team Management Organization in Co‐branding Projects
Authors: Grebosz Magdalena , Bakalarczyk Sebastian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCreating strategic alliances by engaging in co‐branding has become increasingly widespread in many industries. This form of cooperation allows businesses to share resources and knowledge and to set common goals – but also forces the two companies to work together. This article looks at co‐branding from the perspective of strategic management and focuses on the problems that can arise in team management and organization. The purpose of the article is to present recent research advances that may encourage rethinking co‐branding strategies at the level of projectization which described the level of commitment in the co‐branding project. Characteristics of successful team‐building for co‐branding ventures are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.