bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When East Meets West: Intensive Care Unit Experiences Among First‐Generation Chinese American Parents
Authors: Lee Shih‐Yu , Weiss Sandra J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: To explore the experiences of first‐generation Chinese American parents while their infants are cared for in intensive care units (ICUs). Design: Because the study focus was on understanding the experiences of parents, a phenomenological approach was used, with open‐ended questions that encouraged participants to describe events they perceived to be important. The data analysis procedure suggested by van Manen was used for the qualitative data analysis. Participants/Setting: A convenience sample of 25 first‐generation Chinese American families, with infants hospitalized in the intensive care units of three teaching hospitals in the San Francisco area. Results: Seven themes were identified: perceived incompetence, self‐blame, blame from others, filial piety, lack of support in the US, communication issues, and cultural differences. Conclusions: Both fathers and mothers experienced stress related to all identified themes. Findings suggest the need for more resources to educate and support families as well as culturally competent care within pediatric ICUs. Further study is critical to understand how the Chinese American's personal and family characteristics may influence stress perceptions when coping with their children's hospitalization. Clinical Relevance: This study can help healthcare providers to understand Chinese American parents’ perceptions while their infants are hospitalized in the ICU, which can enhance cultural competence care services.
Xeroderma pigmentosum skin: an immune privilege site for tumor development
Authors: Abid Kalthoum , El Mezni Faouzi , Kamoun Mohamed Ridha , Fazaa Becima , Zermani Rachida , Hadouchi Chokri , Hamzaoui Kamel 
Published: August 2009

A unique feature of the skin immune system is its proximity to cells continuously exposed to sun rays, as it is located in the interface between the body and the environment.In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of DNA damaged keratinocytes on the expression of apoptotic‐related molecules, in T‐cells of the inflammatory component of the tumor environment. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue sections derived from skin biopsies of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, non‐XP patients and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) patients, using antibodies against B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia‐2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), CD95, CD3, CD8 and CD56.Our results showed significantly lower levels of expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 molecule, in XP, in comparison with non‐XP and NBCCS T‐lymphocytes, leading to the highest Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio for XP T‐cells. For the CD95 receptor expression levels, there were significant differences among T‐cells of the three patient subgroups as well.The higher propensity of XP T‐cells to undergo apoptosis may have evolved in individual XP patients, apparently during the course of their disease, to maintain a special skin as an immune privilege site for tumors' development.Abid K, El Mezni F, Kamoun MR, Fazaa B, Zermani R, Hadouchi C, Hamzaoui K. Xeroderma pigmentosum skin: an immune privilege site for tumor development.
Penile Rehabilitation Following Radical Prostatectomy: Predicting Success
Authors: Müller Alexander , Parker Marilyn , Waters Bedford W. , Flanigan Robert C. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been suggested that the institution of a pharmacologically based penile rehabilitation program in the early stages after radical prostatectomy (RP) may benefit some patients.

Aim
This analysis was conducted to define if predictors of successful outcome with pharmacological penile rehabilitation following RP could be identified.

Methods
Retrospective statistical analysis was performed on a large database of patients who had participated in a post-RP rehabilitation program. Inclusion criteria included: presence of functional erections permitting sexual intercourse pre-RP and commencement of rehabilitation within 12 months of RP. Patients were instructed to obtain a penetration-rigidity erection on at least three occasions per week and to continue this regimen until at least 18 months after RP using either sildenafil or intracavernosal injection therapy (if oral therapy failed).

Main Outcome Measure
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and visual analog scale erectile rigidity assessment. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to generate predictors of erectile function (EF) outcomes with penile rehabilitation.

Results
Ninety-two patients constituted the study population. Mean patient age and duration post-RP at commencement of the rehabilitation program were 59 ± 10 years and 7 ± 3 months, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of operations were bilateral nerve sparing (BNS), 11% unilateral nerve sparing (NS), and 22% non-NS. Comorbidities included hypertension 22%, dyslipidemia 30%, coronary artery disease 7%, and diabetes 2%. Preoperative mean self-reported, partner-corroborated erectile rigidity during relations was 90 ± 20%. At 18 months post-RP, 57% patients had partner-corroborated functional erections without phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with a mean erectile rigidity during relations of 72 ± 16% compared with 45 ± 22% for those who denied functional erections postoperatively (P &gt; 0.01). The IIEF-EF domain scores in these two cohorts were 21 ± 7.5 and 13 ± 9, respectively (P &gt; 0.01). On multivariate analysis, factors that predicted failure of return of natural erections after RP having followed a rehabilitation program were age &gt;60 years (relative risk [RR] = 1.3), non-BNS surgery (RR = 1.6), presence of &gt;1 vascular comorbidity (RR = 2.1), commencement of rehabilitation &gt;6 months post-RP (RR = 2.8), unsuccessful response to sildenafil at 12 months post-RP (RR = 4.5), and the use of trimix dose &gt;50 units (RR = 8.1).

Conclusions
More than half of the patients committing to a pharmacological rehabilitation program had return of functional natural erections. Predictors of successful outcome included NS surgery, early post-RP presentation, young age, and absence of vascular comorbidities.
New Insights into Restless Genital Syndrome: Static Mechanical Hyperesthesia and Neuropathy of the Nervus Dorsalis Clitoridis
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Venema Pieter L. , Van Gils Ad P.G. , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Systematic study of dysesthetic and paresthetic regions contributing to persistent genital arousal in women with restless genital syndrome (ReGS) is needed for its clinical management.

Aim
To investigate distinct localizations of ReGS.

Methods
Twenty-three women, fulfilling all five criteria of persistent genital arousal disorder were included into the study. In-depth interviews, routine and hormonal investigations, electroencephalographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and pelvis were performed in all women. The localizations of genital sensations were investigated by physical examination of the ramus inferior of the pubic bone (RIPB) and by sensory testing of the skin of the genital area with a cotton swab (genital tactile mapping test or GTM test).

Main Outcome Measures
Sensitivity of RIPB, GTM test.

Results
Of 23 women included in the study, 18(78%), 16(69%), and 12(52%) reported restless legs syndrome, overactive bladder syndrome, and urethra hypersensitivity. Intolerance of tight clothes and underwear (allodynia or hyperpathia) was reported by 19 (83%) women. All women were diagnosed with ReGS. Sitting aggravated ReGS in 20(87%) women. In all women, MRI showed pelvic varices of different degree in the vagina (91%), labia minora and/or majora (35%), and uterus (30%). Finger touch investigation of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) along the RIPB provoked ReGS in all women. Sensory testing showed unilateral and bilateral static mechanical Hyperesthesia on various trigger points in the dermatome of the pudendal nerve, particularly in the part innervated by DNC, including pelvic bone. In three women, sensory testing induced an uninhibited orgasm during physical examination.

Conclusions
ReGS is highly associated with pelvic varices and with sensory neuropathy of the pudendal nerve and DNC, whose symptoms are suggestive for small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Physical examination for static mechanical Hyperesthesia is a diagnostic test for ReGS and is recommended for all individuals with complaints of persistent restless genital arousal in absence of sexual desire.
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield and Drought Tolerance Traits in Soybean Using a Recombinant Inbred Line Population
Authors: Du Weijun , Yu Deyue , Fu Sanxiong 
Published: August 2009

Abstract To investigate the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) a recombinant inbred population with 184 F2:7:11 lines developed from a cross between Kefeng1 (drought tolerant) and Nannong1138‐2 (drought sensitive) were tested under water‐stressed and well‐watered conditions in field and greenhouse trials. Traits measured included leaf wilting coefficient, excised leaf water loss and relative water content as indicators of plant water status and seed yield. A total of 40 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified: 17 for leaf water status traits under drought stress and 23 for seed yield under well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions in both field and greenhouse trials. Two seed yield QTLs were detected under both well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions in the field on molecular linkage group H and D1b, while two seed yield QTLs on molecular linkage group C2 were found under greenhouse conditions. Several QTLs for traits associated with plant water status were identified in both field and greenhouse trials, including two leaf wilting coefficient QTLs on molecular linkage group A2 and one excised leaf water loss QTL on molecular linkage group H. Phenotypic correlations of traits suggested several QTLs had pleiotropic or location‐linked associations. These results will help to elucidate the genetic basis of drought tolerance in soybean, and could be incorporated into a marker‐assisted selection breeding program to develop high‐yielding soybean cultivars with improved tolerance to drought stress.
Phylogenetic Origin of Phyllolobium with a Further Implication for Diversification of Astragalus in China
Authors: Zhang Mingli , Kang Yun , Zhou Lihua , Podlech Dietrich 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Astragalus is a species‐rich genus occurring in the western arid habitats in China and its diversification and infrageneric relationships in this region remain unclear. In the present study, based on molecular data, we aim to (i) test whether Phyllolobium (previously treated as a subgenus Pogonophace in Astragalus) should be warranted; and (ii) date the origin of Phyllolobium and probable diversification of Astragalus sensu stricto (s.s.). We sequenced five species from Phyllolobium first and collected all related sequences from the genus, Astragalus s.s and their close relatives (Oxytropis and Caragana etc.). Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that all species of Phyllolobium comprise a monophyletic sister‐group to genera of the subtribe Coluteinae. Molecular dating suggested that Phyllolobium and Astragalus s.s. originated around 8 and 10 million years ago. These two estimates are highly consistent with the intense uplifts of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau inferred from geological evidence. In addition, one section of Pogonophace (Sect. Robusti) was estimated to originate 2.5 million years ago and this section with a tendency for dry habitats seems to be evidence of Asian intensified aridity resulting from the intense uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
Relativistically broadened iron line in the Suzaku observation of the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1705–44
Authors: Reis R. C. , Fabian A. C. , Young A. J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The X-ray spectra of accreting compact objects often exhibit discrete emission features associated with fluorescent emission in the accretion disc, the strongest of which is the Fe Kα fluorescence line at 6.4–6.97keV. These reflection features are amongst the best tools in the study of the inner region of accretion flow around a compact object. Here, we report on three Suzaku observations of the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1705−44 where a broad, skewed Fe Kα emission line is clearly visible above the continuum. By using a relativistically blurred reflection model, we find that in 4U 1705−44 the inner disc radius extends down to rin= 10.5+1.0−1.7GM/c2 and is at an angle of 29.8+1.1−1.0 deg to the line of sight. Furthermore, we find that the level of ionization in the surface layers of the accretion disc changes by two orders of magnitude between the three observations, however the inner radius obtained from the line profile remains stable.
Influence of AGN jets on the magnetized ICM
Authors: Dubois Yohan , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , Silk Joseph 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Galaxy clusters are the largest structures for which there is observational evidence of a magnetized medium. Central cores seem to host strong magnetic fields ranging from a few 0.1 μG up to several 10 μG in cooling flow clusters. Numerous clusters harbour central powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN), which are thought to prevent cooling flows in some clusters. The influence of such feedback on the magnetic field remains unclear: does the AGN-induced turbulence compensate for the loss of magnetic amplification within a cool core? And how is this turbulence sustained over several Gyr? Using high-resolution magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the self-regulation of a radiative cooling cluster, we study for the first time the evolution of the magnetic field within the central core in the presence of a powerful AGN jet. It appears that the jet-induced turbulence strongly amplifies the magnetic amplitude in the core beyond the degree to which it would be amplified by pure compression in the gravitational field of the cluster. The AGN produces a non-cooling core and increases the magnetic field amplitude in good agreement with μG field observations.
The radii of M-dwarfs in the young open cluster NGC 2516
Authors: Jackson R. J. , Jeffries R. D. , Maxted P. F. L. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Using a novel technique, which combines previously determined rotation periods with new spectroscopic determinations of projected rotation velocity, we have determined radii for fast-rotating, low-mass (0.2–0.7 M⊙) M-dwarfs in the young, solar-metallicity open cluster, NGC 2516. The mean radii are larger than model predictions at a given absolute I or K magnitude and also larger than the measured radii of magnetically inactive M-dwarfs; the difference increases from a few per cent to 50 per cent for the lowest luminosity stars in our sample. We show that a simple two-temperature starspot model is broadly capable of explaining these observations, but requires spot coverage fractions of about 50 per cent in rapidly rotating M-dwarfs.
First lensing measurements of SZ-detected clusters
Authors: McInnes Rachel N. , Menanteau Felipe , Heavens Alan F. , Hughes John P. , Jimenez Raul , Massey Richard , Simon Patrick , Taylor Andy 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We present the first lensing mass measurements of Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) selected clusters. Using optical imaging from the Southern Cosmology Survey (SCS), we present weak lensing masses for three clusters selected by their SZ emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey. We confirm that the SZ selection procedure is successful in detecting mass concentrations. We also study the weak lensing signals from 38 optically-selected clusters in ≃8 deg2 of the SCS survey. We fit Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profiles and find that the SZ clusters have amongst the largest masses, as high as 5 × 1014 M⊙. Using the best-fitting masses for all the clusters, we analytically calculate the expected SZ integrated Y parameter, which we find to be consistent with the SPT observations.
Ruling out Kozai resonance in highly eccentric galactic binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1903+0327
Authors: Gopakumar Achamveedu , Bagchi Manjari , Ray Alak 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We investigate the observational signatures associated with one of the proposed formation scenario for the recently discovered highly eccentric binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1903+0327 in the galactic plane. The scenario requires that the MSP to be part of a hierarchical triple (HT), consisting of inner and outer binaries, experiencing the Kozai resonance. Numerical modelling of a bound point-mass HT, while incorporating the effects due to the quadrupolar interactions between the binary orbits and dominant contributions to the general relativistic periastron precession in the inner binary, reveals that, at the present epoch, the orbital eccentricity of the binary MSP should decrease for reasonable ranges in the HT parameters. The estimated decrements in the orbital eccentricity of the inner binary are few parts in 105, substantially higher than the reported accuracies in the estimation of the orbital eccentricity of the binary MSP, while employing various general relativistic timing models for isolated binary pulsars. For wide ranges in the allowed orbital parameters, the estimated rate of change in the eccentricity of the inner binary is orders of magnitude higher than the value recently measured by the pulsar timing analysis. Therefore, we rule out the scenario that the MSP is part of an HT undergoing the Kozai oscillations. The origin of this system in a typical globular cluster is also shown to be less likely than inferred in the discovery paper.
Interactions of orexins/hypocretins with adrenocortical functions
Authors: Kagerer S. M. , Jöhren O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe neuropeptides orexin A and B (hypocretin‐1 and ‐2) are involved in numerous central regulation processes such as energy homeostasis, sleeping behaviour and addiction. The expression of orexins and orexin receptors in a variety of tissues outside the brain and the presence of orexin A in the circulation indicate the existence of an additional peripheral orexin system. Furthermore, it is well established that orexins exert an influence on the regulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, acting both on its central and peripheral branch. In rat and human adrenal cortices the expression of both orexin receptors has been verified with a predominance of OX2R. The local expression of orexin receptors was observed to be gender specific and to be modified by plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, nutritional status as well as gonadal steroids. Various studies consistently demonstrated orexin A to enhance glucocorticoid secretion of rat and human adrenal cortices, while orexin B was found to be either less potent or ineffective. On the contrary, the influence of orexins on adrenocortical aldosterone production and cell proliferation is still more controversial. Recent findings indicate that orexins stimulate adrenocortical steroidogenesis by augmenting transcription of selective steroidogenic enzymes and proteins such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Both, Gqand Gs, signalling pathways with a downstream activation of MAP kinases appear to be involved in this regulation.
Orexins/hypocretins and orexin receptors in apoptosis: a mini‐review
Authors: Laburthe M. , Voisin T. , El Firar A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn unexpected and fascinating aspect of the neuropeptides orexins has recently emerged when it was shown that orexins acting at orexin receptors OX1R or OX2R induce dramatic apoptosis resulting in massive reduction in cell growth in various cancer cell lines. This mini‐review will provide the reader with recent findings related to the proapoptotic actions of orexins and the entirely novel mechanism whereby the seven membrane‐spanning G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) OX1R triggers apoptosis. Recent data show that orexins induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the tyrosine‐based motifs – immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based switch motif – in OX1R. These phosphorylations result in the recruitment and activation of the phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP‐2 and subsequent cytochrome c‐mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Finally, this mini‐review will also speculate on: (1) the potential importance of tyrosine‐based motifs in the large family of GPCRs; (2) the interest of orexin receptors as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy; (3) the possible role of orexin receptor‐mediated apoptosis in physiology and pathophysiology in the brain (neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative diseases) and in the periphery.
Beyond early intervention: can we adopt alternative narratives like ‘Woodshedding’ as pathways to recovery in schizophrenia?
Authors: Shiers David , Rosen Alan , Shiers Ann 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim:To consider how early intervention in psychosis can support a recovery paradigm.Methods:Significant numbers of those developing a first episode of psychosis are on a path to a persisting and potentially life long condition. Constituting the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, such conditions demand the particular qualities and attitudes inherent within recovery‐based practice.This paper explores some of these qualities and attitudes by examining the tension between a traditional ‘clinical’ narrative used by many health providers and a ‘human’ narrative of users of services and their families.Results:We draw out key features and constructs of recovery practice as they relate to the EI paradigm. These include: woodshedding, turning points, discontinuous improvement models, therapeutic optimism, gradualism and narratives of story telling. We also highlight the role of family members and other close supporters and believe their potential contribution requires greater consideration.Conclusions:The early intervention (EI) paradigm can resonate and indeed offer a stronghold for recovery‐based practice where traditional mental health services have sometimes struggled. Conversely, failure of caregivers to provide such an approach in the early phase of illness can cause unnecessary and sometimes disastrous consequences.
Substance misuse over the first 18 months of specialized intervention for first episode psychosis
Authors: Carr Jason A. R. , Norman Ross M. G. , Manchanda Rahul 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim: Examine substance misuse over the first 18 months of first‐episode psychosis treatment.Method: Clinicians rated alcohol and drug (mostly cannabis) misuse for 243 individuals followed prospectively. Assessments were completed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 18 months. Interventions relating to substance misuse included ongoing assessment of use, education and counselling to avoid.Results: Alcohol and drug misuse declined significantly between baseline and 3 months, especially among patients with a substance abuse or dependence diagnosis at baseline. Overall, these reductions were maintained over the 18‐month follow‐up period. The exception was worsening alcohol misuse over time among patients with alcohol abuse or dependence on entry.Conclusions: With good usual care, education and support, alcohol and drug misuse declined significantly during the first months of psychosis treatment. The improvements in drug misuse were generally maintained over the 18‐month follow‐up, and worsening alcohol misuse over time may be the greater issue.