bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puddles, Parties, and Professors: Linking Word Categorization to Neural Patterns of Visuospatial Coding
Authors: Quadflieg Susanne , Etzel Joset A. , Gazzola Valeria , Keysers Christian , Schubert Thomas W. , Waiter Gordon D. , Macrae C. Neil 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBehavioral evidence suggests that during word processing people spontaneously map object, valence, and power information to locations in vertical space. Specifically, whereas “overhead” (e.g., attic), positive (e.g., party), and powerful nouns (e.g., professor) are associated with “up,” “underfoot” (e.g., carpet), negative (e.g., accident), and powerless nouns (e.g., assistant) are associated with “down.” What has yet to be elucidated, however, is the precise nature of these effects. To explore this issue, an fMRI experiment was undertaken, during which participants were required to categorize the position in which geometrical shapes appeared on a computer screen (i.e., upper or lower part of the display). In addition, they also judged a series of words with regard to location (i.e., up vs. down), valence (i.e., good vs. bad), and power (i.e., powerful vs. powerless). Using multivoxel pattern analysis, it was found that classifiers that successfully distinguished between the positions of shapes in subregions of the inferior parietal lobe also provided discriminatory information to separate location and valence, but not power word judgments. Correlational analyses further revealed that, for location words, pattern transfer was more successful the stronger was participants' propensity to use visual imagery. These findings indicate that visual coding and conceptual processing can elicit common representations of verticality but that divergent mechanisms may support the reported effects.
Differential Impairment of Remembering the Past and Imagining Novel Events after Thalamic Lesions
Authors: Weiler Julia , Suchan Boris , Koch Benno , Schwarz Michael , Daum Irene 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVividly remembering the past and imagining the future (mental time travel) seem to rely on common neural substrates and mental time travel impairments in patients with brain lesions seem to encompass both temporal domains. However, because future thinking—or more generally imagining novel events—involves the recombination of stored elements into a new event, it requires additional resources that are not shared by episodic memory. We aimed to demonstrate this asymmetry in an event generation task administered to two patients with lesions in the medial dorsal thalamus. Because of the dense connection with pFC, this nucleus of the thalamus is implicated in executive aspects of memory (strategic retrieval), which are presumably more important for future thinking than for episodic memory. Compared with groups of healthy matched control participants, both patients could only produce novel events with extensive help of the experimenter (prompting) in the absence of episodic memory problems. Impairments were most pronounced for imagining personal fictitious and impersonal events. More precisely, the patients' descriptions of novel events lacked content and spatio-temporal relations. The observed impairment is unlikely to trace back to disturbances in self-projection, scene construction, or time concept and could be explained by a recombination deficit. Thus, although memory and the imagination of novel events are tightly linked, they also partly rely on different processes.
Brain Dynamics Sustaining Rapid Rule Extraction from Speech
Authors: de Diego-Balaguer Ruth , Fuentemilla Lluis , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Language acquisition is a complex process that requires the synergic involvement of different cognitive functions, which include extracting and storing the words of the language and their embedded rules for progressive acquisition of grammatical information. As has been shown in other fields that study learning processes, synchronization mechanisms between neuronal assemblies might have a key role during language learning. In particular, studying these dynamics may help uncover whether different oscillatory patterns sustain more item-based learning of words and rule-based learning from speech input. Therefore, we tracked the modulation of oscillatory neural activity during the initial exposure to an artificial language, which contained embedded rules. We analyzed both spectral power variations, as a measure of local neuronal ensemble synchronization, as well as phase coherence patterns, as an index of the long-range coordination of these local groups of neurons. Synchronized activity in the gamma band (20–40 Hz), previously reported to be related to the engagement of selective attention, showed a clear dissociation of local power and phase coherence between distant regions. In this frequency range, local synchrony characterized the subjects who were focused on word identification and was accompanied by increased coherence in the theta band (4–8 Hz). Only those subjects who were able to learn the embedded rules showed increased gamma band phase coherence between frontal, temporal, and parietal regions.
‘All Women are Guides’: Sufi Leadership and Womanhood among Taalibe Baay in Senegal
Authors: Hill Joseph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn Sufi Islamic groups in West Africa, the position of muqaddam, one appointed as a spiritual guide, is usually held by men. Although Senegalese Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse (1900-1975) appointed many Senegalese women as muqaddams throughout his life, few of his disciples were aware of these appointments. Since the 1990s a growing number of ‘Taalibe Baay’ (disciples of Niasse) women have more openly led active communities of disciples. Several factors have made it possible for these women to act uncontroversially as recognized leaders, including (1) Baye Niasse’s popularization of mystical knowledge and authority, making them available to the general body of disciples, (2) the urbanization of the Taalibe Baay movement and (3) global and local processes raising Muslim women’s visibility as objects of discourse and as active religious and economic actors. While these women sometimes draw on global discourses of gender equality, to a much larger extent they base their religious authority on embodying and performing the interiority and submissiveness conventionally associated with pious women.
Translating the Fifohazana (Awakening): The Politics of Healing and the Colonial Mission Legacy in African Christian Missionization
Authors: Halvorson Britt 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis essay focuses on the evangelism of charismatic American Lutheran churches in Minneapolis/St. Paul by Merina Malagasy Lutheran pastors affiliated with the Fifohazana movement of Madagascar. By analyzing healing services led by one Malagasy revivalist, I argue that we may better understand how American Lutherans and Malagasy Lutherans are renegotiating the meaning of global Lutheranism while ‘reenchanting’ the body as a central interface of religious engagement. My main concern is to investigate how parallel framings of the healing services constitute a subtle traffic in representational forms that rework images of the global church.
The Fluidity of Human Capital: Theorizing the Relationship between Religion and Immigration
Authors: Norman Jon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResearchers have commented on recent shifts in immigration in the United States, focusing primarily on either how well new immigrants integrate into the American economy or how poorly they integrate into American culture. In general, scholars have tended to ignore the dynamic relationship between immigrants’ cultural belief systems and their integration into the United States’ economy. In this paper, I begin to develop a theoretical map that links these two areas by focusing on the interrelationship of cultural beliefs and socioeconomic conditions of immigrants. I concentrate on religion as a cultural phenomenon that both constrains and enables systems of social relations, specifically examining recent Jewish and Muslim immigrants in the United States. I consider theories proposed by Bourdieu and Wallerstein for understanding religion and immigration, and then discuss ways in which this area might be further investigated.
Changing Facets of Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in India
Authors: Sharma R.N. 
Published: January 2011

Among several issues that Indian society confronts today, involuntary displacement of people by government due to taking away of their agricultural lands and other assets (homestead etc.) for development projects—both in public or private sectors—has emerged as one of the highly debated and disputed issue. Several of these development projects have faced stiff resistance and even violent agitations against the appropriation of affected people’s assets under the compulsive Land Acquisition Act, 1894. In the earlier decades (since India’s independence in 1947), government succeeded in acquiring vast lands from people for creating such infrastructure, irrigation, mining and heavy industry projects, mostly in the public sector, due to people’s ignorance of their rights, and also their faith in the political system. However, with the growing intensity of involuntary displacement and eroding ‘public interest’ in pushing industrial/mining projects by government, the affected people and civil society groups started challenging the ‘eminent domain’ used by a sovereign state in imposing developmentalism, without restoring meagre sources of sustenance of the affected people. This is now more relevant in the context of market-driven Indian economy, where government’s decision of approving over 400 ‘special economic zones’ (SEZs) has resulted in direct confrontation between the ‘shining India’ and highly vulnerable agrarian communities. The present article presents a critique of over five decades of such involuntary displacement in India with its possible fallout on the role of state for ‘public cause’.
Do Socio-economic Development and Improvement of Health Go Together?
Authors: Som Suparna , Pal Manoranjan , Bharati Premananda 
Published: January 2011

Socio-economic development in a country is very much linked with the improvement of overall status of health of the people in the country. The causality works both ways. However, the degree of relations between the two varies over region and time. This article is an attempt to show how health status is linked with the socio-economic status in different states of India. The health status is seen only for children and women and the data are taken from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-2 and NFHS-3). For other development parameters National Sample Survey (NSS) data are used. The socio-economic variables taken for this purpose are head count ratio, real mean consumption, sex ratio, literacy level and infant mortality rate whereas the health variables are mainly the morbidity parameters like acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea, anaemia and low nutritional status. The results show that a decrease in the incidence of disease is directly associated with an increase in the socio-economic development, at least in the southern states. In addition to calculating the correlations between pairwise variables, we have found the rank correlation between the average of ranks of socio-economic variables and of health variables. We have also found the canonical correlations between the two sets of variables. The two correlations agreed very well. This was done separately for rural and urban sectors.
Alternative Visions of the Indigenous People’s Movement in Latin America
Authors: Bruckmann Monica 
Published: January 2011

This article analyses the civilisational content of contemporary indigenous movement in Latin America. From a profound critique of Eurocentrism, this social movement builds on its rich historical roots and ancient civilisations to project themselves as a regional movement with a universal reach. The indigenous movement in Latin America has evolved from being a resistance movement to become a movement that challenges governments and political power in several countries of the region. Whilst developing a strategy for integration based on their acknowledgement of belonging to a historical, geographical and cultural unity, the Latin American indigenous movement has placed in the centre of the debate and political action, key issues that will redefine future political scenarios in the region. Key elements of this shift include: the construction of ‘pluri-national’ states based on the principle of ‘unity in diversity’ as the centrepiece of the new democracy in the region, the recognition of indigenous civilisations as a source of knowledge, skills and identities for the construction of a collective future; consideration of life as a main principle for social and political action; recognition of the motherland or Pachamama as the fundamental source and the space where life happens. These new processes are producing profound changes in the Americas, which certainly will create better conditions for the emergence of a globally oriented civilisation, more balanced, equitable, inclusive and able to overcome the colonial mentality and its faulty power structures.
Early Loading After Single‐Stage Bone‐Anchored Implantation in Adults
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Snapp Hillary A. , Angeli Simon , Herman Bjorn S. , Plum Ann W. , Telischi Fred F. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveClassically, processor loading after single‐stage bone‐anchored implantation (BAI) surgery follows a 3‐month osseointegration period. The purpose of this study was to examine audiometric outcomes and postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing single‐stage BAI with processor loading at less than 6 weeks postoperatively.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingOtology clinic in a tertiary care academic center.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all adult patients (>18 years) undergoing BAI from 2007 to 2010. Sixty‐four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐five patients had unilateral hearing loss, including single‐sided deafness, conductive hearing loss, or mixed hearing loss. Nine patients had bilateral hearing loss. Patients were divided into groups based on time to processor loading (>12 weeks, <12 weeks, <6 weeks). All patients were loaded with the external processor at less than 6 weeks when possible. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric evaluations were performed.ResultsThere were no cases of osseointegration failure. All groups showed significant improvement in audiometric testing using their BAI (P <. 005), and there were no significant differences between patients loaded at less than 12 weeks and those loaded at less than 6 weeks (P >. 05). Major skin complications were seen in 9% of subjects and minor complications in 30%.ConclusionsSingle‐stage BAI implantation with early processor loading is safe and effective in adults. All groups demonstrated significant audiometric benefit that was not affected in patients loaded early. Major and minor skin‐site complications frequently delayed processor loading, but there were no cases of osseointegration failure in any group.
Comparative Study Between Primary Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula and Late Traumatic Fistula
Authors: Giannetti Alexandre Varella , de Morais Silva Santiago Ana Paula , Becker Helena Maria Gonçalves , Guimarães Roberto Eustáquio Santos 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo compare primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula (PSF) and late traumatic fistula (LTF).Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsThere were 26 patients with PSF in group 1 and 23 patients with LTF in group 2. Gender, age, location of the osteomeningeal breach, time between symptom onset and surgical treatment, number of episodes of meningitis, and density of the incidence of meningitis were compared. Two factors related to chance of curing the fistula were analyzed: etiological type and fistula location.ResultsIn group 1, 92% of patients were women (mean age 50 years). In group 2, 74% were men (mean age 22 years). PSF predominated in the sphenoid sinus (60%), whereas LTF occurred mainly in the ethmoidal (33%) and frontal (28%) sinuses. Time between presentation and surgical treatment was 28.9 ± 50.2 and 12.4 ± 15.5 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P =. 166). There were 0.6 and 1.3 episodes of meningitis per patient in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P =. 038). Density of the incidence of meningitis was 0.1 and 0.2 events per patient‐month, respectively (P =. 016). The 4 not‐cured patients had sphenoid lesions and were from the PSF group.ConclusionsFemale sex, middle age, and sphenoidal fistula were prevalent in patients with PSF. Patients with LTF were twice as likely to develop meningitis, and male sex, young age, and leaks through the frontal and ethmoidal region were more common in this case. Osteomeningeal breach located in the sphenoid sinus had a lower chance of sealing.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Midline Neck Masses in Children
Authors: Sidell Douglas R. , Shapiro Nina L. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and to assess the utility of preoperative ultrasonography in the pediatric patient with a midline neck mass.Study DesignDiagnostic test study.SettingTertiary care university hospital.Subjects and MethodsAn institutional review board (UCLA Office of the Human Research Protection Program)–approved retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing excision of a midline neck mass between 1999 and 2010 at a tertiary care institution was performed. The preoperative imaging modality, imaging diagnosis, and pathologic results were evaluated.ResultsForty patients were included in this review. This study failed to demonstrate an association between preoperative ultrasound‐based diagnoses and postoperative pathologic results (P >. 99).ConclusionUltrasonography is commonly used in the workup of a midline neck mass in the pediatric population. Despite the utility of preoperative ultrasonography, the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging modality may have significant limitations.
Laryngotracheoplasty to Avoid Tracheostomy in Neonatal and Infant Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: O’Connor Tony E. , Bilish Darin , Choy David , Vijayasekaran Shyan 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo outline the authors’ experiences with performing laryngotracheoplasty as an alternative to tracheostomy in neonates and infants with symptomatic subglottic stenosis (SGS).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingA tertiary referral pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients younger than 12 months undergoing single‐stage laryngotracheoplasty for SGS at the authors’ institution over a 3‐year period.ResultsTen patients (8 boys and 2 girls) underwent single‐stage laryngotracheoplasty during the study period. There were 9 cases of acquired SGS and 1 case of congenital SGS. Eight patients had grade III SGS, and 2 patients had grade II SGS. In 9 of 10 patients, the procedure performed was an anterior cricoid split (ACS) and posterior cricoid split (PCS), with the placement of an anterior thyroid ala cartilage graft. One patient underwent ACS and PCS with the placement of a posterior rib cartilage graft, in combination with a right vocal cord lateralization. The mean period of intubation after surgery was 6.8 days (range, 5‐9 days). Nine of 10 patients had a complete resolution of their airway symptoms following airway surgery, with a mean duration of follow‐up of 305 days (range, 30‐780 days). One patient required the placement of a tracheostomy tube 69 days postoperatively due to a failure to wean from ventilation in the setting of multiple comorbidities.ConclusionLaryngotracheoplasty is a safe and effective alternative to long‐term tracheostomy in infants and neonates with symptomatic SGS.
Auditory Function After Application of Ototopical Vancomycin and Mupirocin Solutions in a Murine Model
Authors: Rutherford Kimberley D. , Kavanagh Katherine , Parham Kourosh 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether mupirocin (440 µg/mL) and vancomycin otic drops (25 mg/mL) show evidence of ototoxicity in CBA/J mice immediately following a 7‐day course of daily intratympanic (IT) injections and 1 month following treatment.Study DesignNonrandomized controlled trial.SettingAcademic hospital laboratory.SubjectsTwenty CBA/J mice.ResultsMean auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds increased in all drug‐ and saline‐treated ears immediately after 7 days of IT injections but returned to baseline for most stimulus frequencies by 30 days later. This finding appeared to be correlated with the presence and subsequent resolution of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations and granulation tissue at the injection sites. Mupirocin‐treated ears showed no significant difference in ABR thresholds compared to saline‐treated ears. No significant differences were noted between vancomycin‐ and saline‐treated ears, but there was a significant interaction between testing day and stimulus frequency (P <. 001). Further analysis revealed that ABR thresholds at 32 kHz remained significantly elevated in vancomycin‐treated mice despite the resolution of TM perforations and granulation tissue 30 days after completion of IT injections (95% confidence interval, −13.5 to −5.5, P <. 01).ConclusionAlthough IT application of mupirocin solution (440 µg/mL) caused no significant change in the ABR thresholds in a murine model, vancomycin solution (25 mg/mL) resulted in high‐frequency threshold elevations in both the ear directly injected and the contralateral ear. Mupirocin solution may be beneficial in managing otitis externa and media caused by resistant pathogens. Further studies of ototopical vancomycin are needed to define parameters governing its safe use.
Traumatic Airway Management in Operation Iraqi Freedom
Authors: Brennan Joseph , Gibbons Mark D. , Lopez Manuel , Hayes David , Faulkner Jeffrey , Eller Robert L. , Barton Chester 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo examine the role of head and neck surgeons in traumatic airway management in Operation Iraqi Freedom and to understand the lessons learned in traumatic airway management to include a simple airway triage classification that will guide surgical management.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAir Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base, Iraq.Subjects and MethodsThe traumatic airway experience of 6 otolaryngologists/head and neck surgeons deployed over a 30‐month period in Iraq was retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐six patients presented with airway compromise necessitating either intubation or placement of a surgical airway over the 30‐month timeframe. Penetrating face trauma (46%) and penetrating neck trauma (31%) were the most common mechanisms of injury necessitating airway control. The traumatic airways performed include 183 tracheotomies, 3 cricothyroidotomies, 9 complicated intubations, and 1 stoma placement. Red or emergent airways were performed in 10% of patients, yellow or delayed airways in 58% of patients, and green or elective airways in 32% of patients. Lastly, surgical repair of the laryngotracheal complex was performed in 25 patients with 16 thyroid cartilage repairs, 4 cricoid repairs, and 8 tracheal repairs.ConclusionsThe role of the deployed otolaryngologist in traumatic airway management was crucial. Potentially lifesaving airways (red/yellow airways) were placed in 68% of the patients. The authors’ recommended treatment classification should optimize future traumatic airway management by stratifying traumatic airways into red (airway less than 5 minutes), yellow (airway less than 12 hours), or green categories (airway greater than 12 hours).