bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of student responses to body painting
Authors: Finn Gabrielle M. , McLachlan John C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne hundred and thirty‐three preclinical medical students participated in 24 focus groups over the period 2007–2009 at Durham University. Focus groups were conducted to ascertain whether or not medical students found body painting anatomical structures to be an educationally beneficial learning activity. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Five principal themes emerged: (1) body painting as a fun learning activity, (2) body painting promoting retention of knowledge, (3) factors contributing to the memorability of body painting, (4) removal from comfort zone, and (5) the impact of body painting on students' future clinical practice. Students perceive body painting to be a fun learning activity, which aids their retention of the anatomical knowledge acquired during the session. Sensory factors, such as visual stimuli, especially color, and the tactile nature of the activity, promote recall. Students' preference for painting a peer or being painted is often dependent upon their learning style, but there are educational benefits for both roles. The moderate amounts of undressing involved encouraging students to consider issues surrounding body image; this informs their attitudes towards future patients. Body painting is a useful adjunct to traditional anatomy and clinical skills teaching. The fun element involved in the delivery of this teaching defuses the often formal academic context, which in turn promotes a positive learning environment. Anat Sci Educ 3:33–38, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Dietary selenium plus folic acid as an antioxidant therapy for ethanol‐exposed pups
Authors: Ojeda M. L. , Nogales F. , Jotty K. , Barrero M. J. , Murillo M. L. , Carreras O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nutrients such as folic acid and selenium are decreased in dams exposed to ethanol during gestation and lactation, affecting their metabolism, antioxidant balance, and the future health of their progeny. We will study whether the supplementation of the maternal diet with folate and selenium can prevent ethanol‐induced oxidative liver disorders in the offspring.METHODS:Dams were randomised into four groups: control, alcohol, alcohol+folic acid+Se, and control+folic acid+Se. We determined selenium by graphite‐furnace atomic absorption and antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl by spectrophotometry in the offspring.RESULTS:Alcohol increased serum Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. However, in the liver of pups from ethanol‐exposed dams a decrease in selenium was provoked and GPx activity increased with the double supplementation. Glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities increased with ethanol, while double supplementation significantly decreased the GR activity. The supplemented diet reduced the protein peroxidation found in ethanol pups.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that folic acid+Se could be effective in neutralising the damage of ethanol consumption in pups since it prevents peroxidation protein products.Birth Defects Res (Part B)86:490–495, 2009.  © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A decision rule to minimize daily capital charges in forecasting value‐at‐risk
Authors: McAleer Michael , Jimenez‐Martin Juan‐Angel , Pérez‐Amaral Teodosio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUnder the Basel II Accord, banks and other authorized deposit‐taking institutions (ADIs) have to communicate their daily risk estimates to the monetary authorities at the beginning of the trading day, using a variety of value‐at‐risk (VaR) models to measure risk. Sometimes the risk estimates communicated using these models are too high, thereby leading to large capital requirements and high capital costs. At other times, the risk estimates are too low, leading to excessive violations, so that realized losses are above the estimated risk. In this paper we analyze the profit‐maximizing problem of an ADI subject to capital requirements under the Basel II Accord as ADIs have to choose an optimal VaR reporting strategy that minimizes daily capital charges. Accordingly, we suggest a dynamic communication and forecasting strategy that responds to violations in a discrete and instantaneous manner, while adapting more slowly in periods of no violations. We apply the proposed strategy to Standard & Poor's 500 Index and show there can be substantial savings in daily capital charges, while restricting the number of violations to within the Basel II penalty limits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Spatial–temporal variability and hydrologic connectivity of runoff generation areas in a North Alabama pasture—implications for phosphorus transport
Authors: Sen Sumit , Srivastava Puneet , Dane Jacob H. , Yoo Kyung H. , Shaw Joey N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study delineated spatially and temporally variable runoff generation areas in the Sand Mountain region pasture of North Alabama under natural rainfall conditions, and demonstrated that hydrologic connectivity is important for generating hillslope response when infiltration‐excess (IE) runoff mechanism dominates. Data from six rainfall events (13·7–32·3 mm) on an intensively instrumented pasture hillslope (0·12 ha) were analysed. Analysis of data from surface runoff sensors, tipping bucket rain gauge and HS‐flume demonstrated spatial and temporal variability in runoff generation areas. Results showed that the maximum runoff generation area, which contributed to runoff at the outlet of the hillslope, varied between 67 and 100%. Furthermore, because IE was the main runoff generation mechanism on the hillslope, the data showed that as the rainfall intensity changed during a rainfall event, the runoff generation areas expanded or contracted. During rainfall events with high‐intensity short‐ to medium‐duration, 4–8% of total rainfall was converted to runoff at the outlet. Rainfall events with medium‐ to low‐intensity, medium‐duration were found less likely to generate runoff at the outlet. In situ soil hydraulic conductivity (k) was measured across the hillslope, which confirmed its effect on hydrologic connectivity of runoff generation areas. Combined surface runoff sensor and k‐interpolated data clearly showed that during a rainfall event, lower k areas generate runoff first, and then, depending on rainfall intensity, runoff at the outlet is generated by hydrologically connected areas. It was concluded that in IE‐runoff‐dominated areas, rainfall intensity and k can explain hydrologic response. The study demonstrated that only connected areas of low k values generate surface runoff during high‐intensity rainfall events. Identification of these areas would serve as an important foundation for controlling nonpoint source pollutant transport, especially phosphorus. The best management practices can be developed and implemented to reduce transport of phosphorus from these hydrologically connected areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influences of information processing and disengagement in infants' looking behaviour
Authors: Domsch Holger , Lohaus Arnold , Thomas Hoben 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present study considers the joint influences of information processing and disengagement in looking behaviour within a habituation paradigm. Six‐month‐old infants were habituated, during which their heart rate (HR) was measured. A parametric model of habituation yielded for each infant parameter estimates of their habituation performance. These parameters were interpreted as assessing information processing and disengagement. Corresponding measures were obtained from the HR data. The HR measures and habituation model parameter estimates were significantly correlated, as predicted. In addition, an attention getter, presented prior to each habituation trial, influenced indicators of information processing, but not of disengagement. Results confirmed the advantages of a modelling approach. In addition, and more importantly, findings led to the conclusion that both information processing as well as disengagement are involved in infants' looking behaviour in visual habituation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound for evaluation of fetal neurobehavioural development: from 2‐D to 4‐D ultrasound
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Dai Shu‐Yan , Marumo Genzo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith respect to the assessment of fetal behaviour, there have been numerous reports on the conventional two‐dimensional (2‐D) ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal movements. However, there are some limitations regarding the assessment of fetal movements using 2‐D ultrasound. Because of the 2‐D character of real‐time scanning, fetal movements outside the scanning plane cannot be displayed on the monitor. The advent of three‐dimensional (3‐D) ultrasound significantly advanced fetal and placental evaluation in normal and abnormal pregnancies. The introduction of four‐dimensional (4‐D) ultrasound techniques would allow the assessment of fetal behavioural assessment in three dimensions in real time during pregnancy. We present the latest 4‐D sonographic techniques and recent 4‐D sonographic studies on fetal behaviour, especially fetal whole‐body movements and facial expressions in all three trimesters of pregnancy, and the continuation of behaviour from the fetal to neonatal period. 2‐D does not appear capable or comparable to 4‐D ultrasound in terms of evaluating early fetal facial expressions. Moreover, we describe the safety of 3‐D/4‐D ultrasound during pregnancy. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal behaviour, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional 2‐D ultrasound. 4‐D ultrasound may be an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioural development, although some limitations regarding the assessment of fetal behaviour by means of 4‐D ultrasonography still remain unresolved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and antitumor properties of selenocoxib‐1 against rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Desai Dhimant , Sinha Indu , Null Kevin , Wolter William , Suckow Mark A. , King Tonya , Amin Shantu , Sinha Raghu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHormone refractory prostate cancer poses a huge problem and standard of care chemotherapy has not been very successful. We used a novel strategy to combine properties of 2 well‐studied class of compounds (selenium and COX‐2 inhibitor) and examined the resulting effectiveness against prostate cancer. Bearing in mind that sulfonamide moiety and pyrazole ring is important for the proapoptotic activity of Celecoxib, we synthesized a selenium derivative, Selenocoxib‐1, by modifying Celecoxib at position 3 of the pyrazole ring. The PAIII cells derived from a metastatic prostate tumor that arose spontaneously in a Lobund‐Wistar (LW) rat were used to examine the efficacy of Selenocoxib‐1 in vitro. In addition, human metastatic prostate cancer cells, PC‐3M, were tested for antitumor effect of Selenocoxib‐1 in vitro. The IC50 in PAIII and PC‐3M cells for Selenocoxib‐1 was about 5 μM, while for Celecoxib it was more than 20 μM. Selenocoxib‐1 induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in the PAIII cells. COX‐2 expression in PAIII cells was downregulated by Celecoxib and Selenocoxib‐1 at 20 and 5 μM, respectively; the COX‐2 activity was, however, not affected by Selenocoxib‐1. Following treatment with Selenocoxib‐1, PAIII cells resulted in dose‐dependent decrease in HIF‐1α, p‐AKT and Bcl‐2 levels. A reduction in weights was observed in subcutaneous tumors produced by PAIII cells pretreated with Selenocoxib‐1 as compared to Celecoxib in LW rats. Further, following 1 week Selenocoxib‐1 treatment of PAIII tumors resulted in significant reduction of tumor weights. This study demonstrates that Selenocoxib‐1 is more effective against prostate cancer than Celecoxib.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tissue profiling of secretoneurin in the nucleus accumbens shell from cocaine‐sensitized rats
Authors: Uys Joachim D. , Grey Angus C. , Wiggins Armina , Schwacke John H. , Schey Kevin L. , Kalivas Peter W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProteins in the nucleus accumbens mediate many cocaine‐induced behaviors. In an effort to measure changes in nucleus accumbens protein expression as potential biomarkers for addiction, coronal tissue sections were obtained from rats that developed behavioral sensitization after daily administration of cocaine, or from daily saline‐treated controls. The tissue sections were subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) profiling and tissue imaging. For profiling experiments, brain sections were manually spotted with matrix over the nucleus accumbens, a brain region known to regulate cocaine sensitization. Summed mass spectra (10 000 laser shots, grid) were acquired and spectra were aligned to reference peaks. Using bioinformatics tools, eight spectral features were found to be altered by cocaine treatment. Based on additional sequencing experiments with MALDI tandem MS and database searches of measured masses, secretoneurin (m/z 3653) was identified as having an increased expression. In addition, the distribution of m/z 3653 in the nucleus accumbens was determined by MALDI tissue imaging, and the increased expression of its precursor protein, secretogranin II, was verified by immunoblotting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide purified from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.
Authors: Yin Jun‐Yi , Nie Shao‐Ping , Zhou Chao , Wan Yin , Xie Ming‐Yong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: A water‐soluble polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. (P. asiatica L. polysaccharide, PLP) was extracted with hot water and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The chemical characteristics of PLP were determined by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the antioxidant activities of PLP in vitro were evaluated using various test systems, including scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, scavenging of superoxide radicals generated by 1,2,3‐phentriol autoxidation, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.RESULTS: The molecular weight of PLP was determined by HPGPC to be about 1894 kDa. PLP contained 29.2 g kg−1 protein and 145.8 g kg−1 uronic acid. The FTIR spectrum of PLP also revealed typical characteristics of a polysaccharide containing protein and uronic acid. Moreover, the results showed that PLP possessed antioxidant activities, but lower than those of ascorbic acid.CONCLUSION: PLP is an acid protein‐bound polysaccharide of high molecular weight, but its structure needs further study. The present results suggest that PLP could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Critical social marketing – The impact of alcohol marketing on youth drinking: Qualitative findings
Authors: Gordon Ross , Moodie Crawford , Eadie Douglas , Hastings Gerard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents findings from exploratory qualitative research as part of a critical social marketing study examining the impact of alcohol marketing communications on youth drinking. The findings from stakeholder interviews (regulators and marketers) suggest that some alcohol marketing might target young people, and that marketers are cognisant of growing concern at alcohol issues, including control of alcohol marketing. Focus groups with young people (aged 13–15 years) revealed a sophisticated level of awareness of, and involvement in, alcohol marketing across several channels. It was found that some marketing activities featured content that could appeal to young people and appeared to influence their, well‐developed, brand attitudes. The research demonstrates the utility of taking a critical social marketing approach when examining the impact of alcohol marketing. The implications of these findings for research, regulation and policy around alcohol marketing are also examined. The contribution that studies such as this make to the debate around marketing principles and practice, and to social marketing, is also discussed.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the role of placental trisomy in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Robinson Wendy P. , Peñaherrera Maria S. , Jiang Ruby , Avila Luana , Sloan Jennifer , McFadden Deborah E. , Langlois Sylvie , von Dadelszen Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivePrenatally diagnosed confined placental trisomy is associated with increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia. However, it is unclear how often this might underlie pregnancy complications. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of trisomic cells in placentae ascertained for IUGR and/or preeclampsia.MethodComparative genomic hybridization was applied to two uncultured biopsies from each of 61 placentae referred with maternal preeclampsia and/or IUGR, 11 cases with elevated maternal serum hCG and/or AFP but no IUGR or preeclampsia, and 85 control placentae.ResultsTrisomy was observed in four placentae among the IUGR group (N = 43) but in no case of preeclampsia in the absence of IUGR (N = 18). Trisomy was observed in 1 of the 11 cases ascertained for abnormal maternal serum screen. Each of these five cases was mosaic and not all sampled sites showed the presence of trisomy. None of the 84 control placentas showed mosaic trisomy, although 1 case of nonmosaic 47,XXX was identified in this group.ConclusionIn cases in which diagnosis of the cause of IUGR may provide some benefit, testing should be performed using uncultured cells from multiple placental biopsies for the accurate diagnosis of trisomy mosaicism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of methylphenidate on fatigue in women with recurrent gynecologic cancer
Authors: Johnson Rhonda L. , Block Ingrid , Gold Michael A. , Markwell Stephen , Zupancic Melanie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: Fatigue is the most common and often the most bothersome complaint of individuals who are treated for cancer. One intervention now commonly suggested to treat fatigue is the use of psychostimulant medication. Early studies indicate some success in individuals with a mixed cancer diagnoses. This study evaluates the effect of methylphenidate on fatigue in women with recurrent gynecologic cancer.Method: Thirty‐two women treated for recurrent gynecologic cancer were prescribed methylphenidate at morning and noon over a 8‐week period. Participants completed the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) along with assessments of quality of life and mood at baseline, week 2, 4 and 8 to determine changes in levels of fatigue experienced.Results: Patients reported significant declines in fatigue (p=0.0001), and improvement in both mood (p=0.0020) and quality of life (p=0.0351) when comparing baseline scores to study end.Conclusions: This study provides support for the use of a psychostimulant to treat fatigue in women who have recurrent gynecologic cancer. It is particularly relevant for these patients with incurable disease who are facing the end of life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Fertility and Cancer Project (FCP) among young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Meneses Karen , McNees Patrick , Azuero Andres , Jukkala Angela 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: Fertility and childbearing issues are the major quality of life concerns among young breast cancer survivors. Practical approaches are needed to convey reproductive health information. The Fertility and Cancer Project (FCP) is a dedicated research project that provides online reproductive health and fertility education. We report FCP participants' (a) changes in mood and functioning and (b) changes in knowledge of fertility and cancer from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up.Methods: Participants completed five self‐report baseline measures, accessed FCP content and participated in online discussions. At 6 months post FCP study entry, participants were asked to complete follow‐up self‐reports.Results: One hundred and six breast cancer survivors from 8 countries participated in the FCP. Mean age at diagnosis was 34.3 years; mean time since diagnosis was 22 months. Significant change was detected in improved physical functioning (p=0.019) and social functioning (p=0.02). Significant changes were also noted in improved fertility knowledge (p=0.011).Conclusion: Preliminary evidence shows that young breast cancer survivors derive improved mood and knowledge benefit from FCP participation. Internet‐based approach may be a viable format for engaging this population of cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural investigation and elucidation of new communesins from a marine‐derived Penicillium expansum Link by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kerzaon Isabelle , Pouchus Yves F. , Monteau Fabrice , Le Bizec Bruno , Nourrisson Marie‐Renée , Biard Jean‐François , Grovel Olivier 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPenicillium expansum is a ubiquitous species for which there are only few reports for chemical investigation in marine environments. Among the numerous secondary metabolites produced by this species, communesins represent a new class of cytotoxic and insecticidal indole alkaloids. In this study, we investigated a marine P. expansum strain exhibiting neuroactivity on a Diptera larvae bioassay. Bio‐guided purification led to the isolation and the identification of communesin B as the main active compound by HRMS and 1H and 13C NMR. Liquid chromatography analyses with detection by electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) and high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS/MS) allowed the identification and characterization of four other known communesins (A, D, E and F) in the crude extract. A fragmentation model for dimethyl epoxide communesins was proposed after detailed interpretation of their MS/MS spectra. Further analyses of the extract using the modelled fragmentations led to the detection of seven new communesins found as minor compounds. Chemical structural elucidation of these new derivatives is discussed based on their fragmentation characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.