bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid‐β interrupts the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway that could be involved in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐induced Arc expression in rat cortical neurons
Authors: Chen Tsan‐Ju , Wang Dean‐Chuan , Chen Shun‐Sheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Even at low levels, Aβ may interfere with various signaling cascades critical for the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known to be capable of inducing the synthesis of activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc), which plays a fundamental role in modulating synaptic plasticity. Our recent study has demonstrated that treatment of fibrillar Aβ at a nonlethal level was sufficient to impair BDNF‐induced Arc expression in cultured rat cortical neurons. In this study, BDNF treatment alone induced the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐Akt‐mammlian target of rapamycin (PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR) signaling pathway, the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4EBP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), the dephosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and the expression of Arc. Interrupting the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway by inhibitors prevented the effects of BDNF, indicating the involvement of this pathway in BDNF‐induced 4EBP1 phosphorylation, p70S6K phosphorylation, eEF2 dephosphorylation, and Arc expression. Nonlethal Aβ pretreatment partially blocked these effects of BDNF. Double‐ immunofluorescent staining in rat cortical neurons further confirmed the coexistence of eEF2 dephosphorylation and Arc expression following BDNF treatment regardless of the presence of Aβ. These results reveal that, in cultured rat cortical neurons, Aβ interrupts the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway that could be involved in BDNF‐induced Arc expression. Moreover, this study also provides the first evidence that there is a close correlation between BDNF‐induced eEF2 dephosphorylation and BDNF‐induced Arc expression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The downside of religious attire: The Muslim headscarf and expectations of obtaining employment
Authors: Ghumman Sonia , Jackson Linda 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs laws are being passed or considered to ban certain forms of religious attire in the current international arena (France, Netherlands, Italy), it is important to address some of the concerns that Americans who wear religious attire might have. Based on stereotype threat theory, data from 219 American Muslim females were examined regarding their expectations of receiving job offers for a variety of occupations. Results indicated that Muslim women who wear the headscarf (Hijabis) had lower expectations of receiving a job offer than Muslim women who do not wear the hijab. This difference increased as the amount of public contact associated with the occupation decreased and job status of the occupation increased. Furthermore, work centrality moderated this relationship, but only for Muslim women who did not wear the headscarf. Implications of these findings with regard to Hijabis and occupational attainment are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel image‐guided surgery of hepatocellular carcinoma by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging navigation
Authors: Gotoh Kunihito , Yamada Terumasa , Ishikawa Osamu , Takahashi Hidenori , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Yano Masahiko , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Tomita Yasuhiko , Miyamoto Yasuhide , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe clear delineation between tumor and normal tissue is ideal for real‐time surgical navigation imaging. We present a novel indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging technique to visualize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTen patients with solitary HCC underwent hepatectomy between February and September 2007 at Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. ICG had been injected intravenously several days before surgery at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. After laparotomy, the liver was inspected with intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS), and then with a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging system (PDE; Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Hamamatsu, Japan).ResultsAll the 10 primary tumors showed bright fluorescent signals and could be completely removed with negative margins under the guide of PDE. In four cases (40.0%), new HCC nodules that were not detected by use of any preoperative examinations including IOUS were detected by PDE. These newly identified HCC nodules were very small in size and most of the tumors were well‐differentiated HCCs.ConclusionsThis novel technique is simple and safe, and is therefore considered to be a promising tool for routine intraoperative imaging during a hepatic resection and further clinical exploration for HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:75–79. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line multi‐enzymatic approach for improved sequence coverage in protein analysis
Authors: Temporini Caterina , Calleri Enrica , Cabrera Karin , Felix Guy , Massolini Gabriella 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe development of a new mixed bioreactor for proteomic studies based on trypsin and chymotrypsin is described. Trypsin and chymotrypsin were simultaneously bonded to an epoxy monolithic silica column (100 mm×4.6 mm id) in a one‐step reaction via epoxy‐groups. In order to compare the catalytic properties of the two enzymes in the isolated and in the multi‐enzymatic approach, two other single enzyme bioreactors based on trypsin and chymotrypsin were prepared following the same immobilization protocol. The kinetic parameters of the multi‐enzymatic bioreactor were derived and it was demonstrated that it retains the individual catalytic activity of the two enzymes. To prove the power of this experimental approach the new mixed bioreactor was integrated in an LC‐ESI‐MS/MS system for digestion, enrichment, separation and identification of the test protein insulin‐like growth factor binding‐protein 1 (IGFBP‐1). The peptide map and protein sequence coverage obtained with the three bioreactors were compared. The results clearly indicate that the proposed multi‐enzyme approach can reduce both digestion and analysis time, accelerate data interpretation and increase the confidence degree in protein identification.
Anxiety sensitivity and aspects of alexithymia are independently and uniquely associated with posttraumatic distress
Authors: Zahradnik Marc , Stewart Sherry H. , Marshall Grant N. , Schell Terry L. , Jaycox Lisa H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing a sample of adult survivors of physical trauma requiring hospitalization (N = 677), we examined the relationship of aspects of alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity to symptoms of posttraumatic distress (PTD). At the bivariate level, both aspects of alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity were positively associated with acute PTD symptomatology, but anxiety sensitivity was more strongly related to PTD symptoms. At the multivariate level, both anxiety sensitivity and aspects of alexithymia made unique and independent contributions to both total PTD symptoms and the majority of PTD symptom clusters. At the facet level, anxiety sensitivity–physical concerns and anxiety sensitivity–psychological concerns, and the alexithymic dimension of difficulty identifying feelings, were uniquely associated with acute PTD symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of potential clinical implications.
Comparison of transnasal endoscopic and open craniofacial resection for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Vivero Richard J. , Hoang Kimberly , Civantos Frank J. , Weed Donald T. , Morcos Jacques J. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Craniofacial resection (CFR) represents the traditional approach for resection of anterior skull base (ASB) malignancies. However, this past decade has witnessed the emergence of transnasal endoscopic ASB resection (TER) as a feasible alternative. The aim of this study was to compare TER and CFR for ASB malignancy resection.Methods:Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care medical center on 66 patients undergoing ASB malignant tumor resection between September 1997 and December 2006.Results:Eighteen patients were treated with TER, whereas 48 patients underwent CFR. The two groups showed no significant difference in complication rate (27.8% for TER and 25.0% for CFR, P > 0.05), survival (94.4% for TER and 83.3% for CFR, P > .05), and metastasis (11.1% for TER and 8.3% for CFR, P > .05). A significant difference was observed in hospital stay with an average of 3.8 days in the TER group compared to 8.1 days in the CFR group (P < .05). Local recurrence approximated significance (5.6% for TER and 29.2% for CFR, P = .051)Conclusions:TER of ASB malignancy is associated with a decreased hospital stay and faster recovery when compared to open CFR. Lower local recurrence rate in the TER group may reflect a discrepancy in histology and clinical stage. We found no significant differences in survival, metastatic, or complication rates in the two groups, whereas patients in the TER group had the added benefit of a desirable cosmetic outcome. Overall, TER seems to be an excellent alternative to CFR in properly selected cases. Laryngoscope, 2009
Eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 immunoreactivity and protein concentration in the nasal polyps of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Yao Toru , Kojima Yuko , Koyanagi Akemi , Yokoi Hidenori , Saito Tatsuya , Kawano Kenji , Furukawa Masayuki , Kusunoki Takeshi , Ikeda Katsuhisa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by the accumulation of numerous eosinophils in the sinus mucosa and nasal polyps, which are frequently difficult to control, even with surgery. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression and localization of eotaxins, which are well known to be potent and selective chemoattractants for eosinophils in CRS.Study Design:Randomized study.Methods:The patients were classified into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic groups. Histopathological profiles of the nasal polyp were observed with hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 were immunohistochemically stained in the nasal polyps. Furthermore, the protein content of eotaxin subtypes inside the nasal polyp and sinus effusion was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:In the nasal polyps, immunoreactivities of the eotaxin subfamily, eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, were noted in most of the infiltrating eosinophils, as well as in other inflammatory cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Compared with noneosinophilic CRS groups, eosinophilic CRS groups had a significant expression of eotaxins in their eosinophils. The eotaxin concentrations of nasal polyp and sinus effusion as measured by ELISA were significantly increased in the eosinophilic CRS group compared to the noneosinophilic CRS group.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that enhanced eotaxin family production by eosinophils results in the recruitment of eosinophils into the tissue by a self‐amplifying process. Laryngoscope, 2009
Absolutely continuous spectrum of discrete Schrödinger operators with slowly oscillating potentials
Authors: Kim Ahyoung , Kiselev Alexander 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe show that when a potential bn of a discrete Schrödinger operator, defined on l2(ℤ+), slowly oscillates satisfying the conditions bn ∈ l∞ and ∂bn = bn +1 – bn ∈ lp, p < 2, then all solutions of the equation Ju = Eu are bounded near infinity at almost every E ∈ [–2 + lim supn →∞ bn, 2 + lim supn →∞ bn ] ∩ [–2 + lim infn →∞ bn, 2 + lim infn →∞ bn ]. We derive an asymptotic formula for generalized eigenfunctions in this case. As a corollary, the absolutely continuous spectrum of the corresponding Jacobi operator is essentially supported on the same interval of E (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Versatility of the vertical designed deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Tan Onder 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is one of the most commonly used perforator flaps. However, when horizontally oriented, it has certain pitfalls such as sacrifice of the contralateral donor site, the need to discard soft tissue that will not be adequately perfused, and long operating times. To overcome these handicaps, the flap in a vertical orientation was designed and demonstrated the versatility of this technique in a number of different anatomical tissue restorations in this study. The vertical DIEP flaps were used in 8 patients (7 males and 1 female) in 3 years. Defects were located in the lower limb (4 cases), face (3 cases), and hip (1 cases). All flaps were transferred as free, except one in the hip that was pedicled. Flap sizes varied from 7 × 5 cm to 13 × 9 cm. All donor defects were closed primarily. The mean follow‐up time was 13.6 months. All flaps survived totally, but one which had partial necrosis. A hematoma developed postoperatively in the donor site of the pedicled DIEP flap. Cosmetic outcomes were satisfactory in all patients. All donor site scars were acceptable with minimal contour irregularities. The vertical DIEP flap offers diverse opportunities in various soft tissue reconstructions and is candidate to be an important choice of free flap repertoire. The method can be proposed particularly for restoration of moderate sized defects rather than that of large defects as in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Free vascularized fibula grafts for salvage of failed oncologic long bone reconstruction and pathologic fractures
Authors: Friedrich Jeffrey B. , Moran Stephen L. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVascularized bone grafts, particularly the free fibula transfer, have incited revolutionary changes in the field of skeletal reconstruction. In no place has this been more evident than in oncologic reconstruction. The free vascularized fibula graft has been used to good effect for primary long‐bone reconstruction, long‐bone allograft complication salvage, and pathologic fracture salvage of the long bones. Although many of these procedures often entail significant complications, limb salvage has been made possible in a majority of patients using transfers of free vascularized fibula grafts. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the technique of onlay free vascularized fibula grafts for salvage of allograft complications and pathologic fractures of the long bones. This will be accomplished by reviewing the problem of allograft complications and pathologic fractures, the current treatment modalities available, the outcomes of these treatments, and future directions of treatment for this particular problem. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
The in vivo anatomy of the deep circumflex iliac artery perforators: Defining the role for the DCIA perforator flap
Authors: Ting Jeannette W. C. , Rozen Warren M. , Grinsell Damien , Stella Damien L. , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) provides a dependable option for use as an osteo‐musculo‐cutaneous flap, particularly in mandibular reconstruction. Modifications to flaps based on DCIA perforators have been sought to prevent donor site morbidity as a consequence of muscle cuff harvest. Previous studies have been inconsistent in their descriptions of perforator anatomy, and means of assessing these preoperatively have not been widely described. A clinical anatomical study was undertaken, with a cohort of 44 hemiabdominal walls in 22 consecutive patients undergoing preoperative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) before free flap surgery. The feasibility of CTA and the regional vascular anatomy were both assessed. The use of CTA was shown to demonstrate DCIA perforators with high resolution and to be able to assess vessel size and location. In 44 hemiabdominal walls, there were 44 perforators of >0.8 mm diameter. There were no suitable perforators in 40% of sides, with 32% of sides having one perforator >0.8 mm diameter, 16% having two perforators, <10% had three perforators, and only one side had over four perforators. Perforators emerged from the deep fascia on an average of 5.1 cm cranial and 3.9 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Of the 44 perforators identified, 82% of perforators were located within a 4 cm by 4 cm area, 3 cm superior, and 2 cm posterior to the ASIS. The current study has demonstrated the utility of preoperative CTA for identifying DCIA perforators, and for selecting patients who may be suitable for a DCIA perforator flap given the variable perforator anatomy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Improvement of peripheral nerve regeneration in acellular nerve grafts with local release of nerve growth factor
Authors: Yu Hailong , Peng Jiang , Guo Quanyi , Zhang Li , Li Zhi , Zhao Bin , Sui Xiang , Wang Yu , Xu Wenjing , Lu Shibi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the potential of growth factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. A method was developed for sustained delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) for nerve repair with acellular nerve grafts to augment peripheral nerve regeneration. NGF‐containing polymeric microspheres were fixed with fibrin glue around chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts for prolonged, site‐specific delivery of NGF. A total of 52 Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups for treatment: autografting, NGF‐treated acellular grafting, acellular grafting alone, and acellular grafting with fibrin glue. The model of a 10‐mm sciatic nerve with a 10‐mm gap was used to assess nerve regeneration. At the 2nd week after nerve repair, the length of axonal regeneration was longer with NGF‐treated acellular grafting than acellular grafting alone and acellular grafting with fibrin glue, but shorter than autografting (P < 0.05). Sixteen weeks after nerve repair, nerve regeneration was assessed functionally and histomorphometrically. The percentage tension of the triceps surae muscles in the autograft group was 85.33 ± 5.59%, significantly higher than that of NGF‐treated group, acellular graft group and fibrin‐glue group, at 69.79 ± 5.31%, 64.46 ± 8.48%, and 63.35 ± 6.40%, respectively (P < 0.05). The ratio of conserved muscle‐mass was greater in the NGF‐treated group (53.73 ± 4.56%) than in the acellular graft (46.37 ± 5.68%) and fibrin glue groups (45.78 ± 7.14%) but lower than in the autograft group (62.54 ± 8.25%) (P < 0.05). Image analysis on histological observation revealed axonal diameter, axon number, and myelin thickness better with NGF‐treated acellular grafting than with acellular grafting alone and acellular grafting with fibrin glue (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between NGF‐treated acellular grafting and autografting. This method of sustained site‐specific delivery of NGF can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration across short nerve gaps repaired with acellular nerve grafts. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Changes in muscle force–length properties affect the early rise of force in vivo
Authors: Blazevich Anthony J. , Cannavan Dale , Horne Sara , Coleman David R. , Aagaard Per 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChanges in contractile rate of force development (RFD), measured within a short time interval from contraction initiation, were measured after a period of strength training that led to increases in muscle fascicle length but no measurable change in neuromuscular activity. The relationship between training‐induced shifts in the moment–angle relation and changes in RFD measured to 30 ms (i.e., early) and 200 ms (i.e., late) from the onset of isometric knee extension force were examined; shifts in the moment–angle relation were used as an overall measure of changes in quadriceps muscle fascicle length. A significant proportion of the variance in RFD measured only in the initial contraction phase (0–30 ms) could be explained by shifts in the moment–angle relation (r = −0.66–0.71; R2 = 0.44–0.50). Training‐induced increases in muscle fascicle length may lead to a reduced or complete lack of adaptive gains in contractile RFD, especially in the early contraction phase. Muscle Nerve 39: 512–520, 2009
Long‐term dietary administration of valproic acid does not affect, while retinoic acid decreases, the lifespan of G93A mice, a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Crochemore Cristophe , Virgili Marco , Bonamassa Barbara , Canistro Donatella , Pena‐Altamira Emiliano , Paolini Moreno , Contestabile Antonio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMice bearing the mutated gene for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (G93A) are a good model for human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They develop progressive limb paralysis paralleled by loss of motor neurons of the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, which starts at 3–3.5 months of age and ends with death at 4–5 months. Several treatments have been attempted to delay clinical symptoms and to extend lifespan, and some have had modest beneficial effects. One such treatment, based on long‐term administration of valproic acid (VPA), resulted in controversial results. We report here that, while dietary supplementation with high VPA dosage slows down motor neuron death, as assessed by measurement of a specific marker for cholinergic neurons in the spinal cord, it has no significant effect on lifespan. Recently, the hypothesis has been put forward that a deficiency of retinoic acid (RA) and its signaling may have a role in ALS. We report that long‐term dietary supplementation with RA has no effect on the decrease of the cholinergic marker in the spinal cord, but it significantly shortens lifespan of G93A mice. Muscle Nerve 39: 548–552, 2009
Quantitative gray‐scale analysis in skeletal muscle ultrasound: A comparison study of two ultrasound devices
Authors: Pillen Sigrid , van Dijk Johannes P. , Weijers Gert , Raijmann Wilma , de Korte Chris L. , Zwarts Machiel J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMuscle ultrasound is a useful technique to detect neuromuscular disorders. Quantification of muscle echo intensity (EI) using gray‐scale analysis is more reliable and more sensitive compared with visual evaluation of the images. We devised a method to reliably use EI normal values established with one ultrasound device for use with another device. Based on measurements in a dedicated phantom and in 7 healthy subjects, a conversion equation was calculated to convert the mean EI. The reliability of this equation was next evaluated in a follow‐up study of 22 healthy children. Mean muscle EI could be reliably converted from one ultrasound device to another. This allows for normal values obtained with one device to be used with other devices, which is an important step forward toward the use of quantitative muscle ultrasound in daily clinical care. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Survival in local voluntary associations
Authors: Wollebaek Dag 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article uses longitudinal data to explore the antecedents of survival among local voluntary associations. The literature distinguishes between deterministic and voluntaristic accounts of organizational survival. In a deterministic perspective, external selection processes determine whether organizations persevere. In a voluntaristic approach, strategic choices and organizational design are paramount. The analyses show that both perspectives have explanatory power. When it comes to avoiding organizational death, organizations can influence their destiny substantially by being extroverted, selecting a diverse and qualified board, and establishing ties to higher organizational levels.