bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“You don’t get resilience overnight”: a grounded theory framework of the A-R-C sporting resilience development
Authors: Gupta Sahen , McCarthy Paul J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResilience in sport is growing as a topic of investigation but comparatively less focus is placed on how resilience develops in athletes. This study explored sporting resilience development in elite athletes over time using grounded theory. Participants included 10 competitive-elite athletes (5 men and women) who scored high, competing in individual/team sports from diverse cultural contexts. Experiential life-story interviews on sporting resilience development over time was conducted. Grounded theory was employed across ideation, data collection and analysis with structured methodological quality criteria to ensure rigour. Findings are synthesised into A-R-C Development Model of sporting resilience indicating that antecedent protective factors (A) enable the engine of sporting resilience (R) which through metacognition-emotion-behaviour produces consequences (C) of positive adaptation or critical adaptation failure. The emergent theory is the first comprehensive outline providing an understanding of how sporting resilience develops over time in competitive-elite athletes. Implications for developing athlete resilience for performance and mental health are discussed.
Parallel enrollments: associations between stress and coping of college students with their performance
Authors: Loder Alexander Karl Ferdinand , Brandweiner Amani Colleen , Maia de Oliveira Wood Guilherme 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollege students are known to have high stress levels, which can have negative consequences on their academic performance. In Austria (Europe) there are no tuition fees and students are allowed to enroll in as many degree programs as they want simultaneously. The unique setting of Austria allows examination of the impact of parallel enrollments on students’ stress dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to exploratively determine associations between performance and well-being, stress coping and resource load of students in one and multiple enrolled programs. 213 students took part in a survey and their answers were merged with their performance indicators of the last academic year, retrieved from the university’s internal database. The questionnaire was sent out during the finals- and examination phase prior to the summer holidays. Multivariate linear regression analyses with performance as outcome were conducted on three analysis levels: (1) unfiltered dataset, (2) students with one enrollment and (3) students with two or more enrollments. Results show that well-being, stress coping and resource occupation are associated with performance indicators, but differently on each analysis level. Students with one study program and students in multiple simultaneous programs may be treated as different populations performance-wise. Due to the correlative nature of this study, the outcomes and predictors are likely influencing each other, making future research on the causal relationships warranted.
Characterisation of Phase Separation in Drop-Tube-Processed Rapidly Solidified CoCrCuFeNi0.8 High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Teggin L. S. E. , Cochrane R. F. , Mullis A. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the impact of cooling rate on a CoCrCuFeNi0.8 high-entropy alloy with a predicted metastable miscibility gap. Rapid solidification via drop-tube processing simulates a containerless, low-gravity solidification environment. Droplets were produced with diameters ranging from 850+ µm to 38 µm, with calculated liquid phase cooling rates of between 600 and 60,000 K s−1. Contrary to studies on similar alloys with a reported metastable miscibility gap and similar investigations on binary alloys known to undergo metastable liquid phase separation, almost no core–shell microstructures were observed in the droplets, likely due to a heavily unbalanced volume fraction ratio between the two phases formed from the parent liquid. Instead, drop-tube processing yielded myriad structures, the occurrences of which vary heavily with cooling rate. At cooling rates of 600 K s−1, a solid-state decomposition reaction begins to become noticeable, populating dendrites with copper-rich dispersions after solidification. The prevalence of these structures increases with increasing cooling rate, occurring in above 95% of droplets once cooling rate exceeds 20,000 K s−1. Occurrence rate of dispersions attributed to liquid phase separation peaks at 8% of droplets at intermediate cooling rates between 5000 and 12,000 K s−1. Spontaneous grain refinement has a maximum prevalence between 1000 and 5000 K s−1. This study begins to show how cooling rate and undercooling can be used to tailor microstructures in HEAs and highlights drastic differences in obtainable microstructures compared to those found in binary and ternary immiscible alloys.
Spatial Resolution Requirements for FDTD Modeling of Geoelectric Fields
Authors: Sharma Paneru Prashanna , Simpson Jamesina J. , Moldwin Mark B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo ensure the robustness of both civilian and military infrastructure, it is important to protect electric power grids, smart grids, and other electrotechnologies from known and possibly as‐of‐yet unknown space weather hazards. Space weather can generate intense geoelectric fields at the surface of the Earth, as well as large voltage gradients across long distances of the Earth. These voltage gradients can lead to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), which are known to produce hazards to electric power grids. The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is a powerful and versatile method that has already been applied to the study of geoelectric fields. The advantages of FDTD over other methods are that it can account for more geometrical complexities and realistic time waveforms and that it directly solves for geoelectric fields. Snell's Law predicts that any electromagnetic waves incident on the ground should essentially propagate straight downwards into the low resistivity ground. For this reason, vertical FDTD grid resolutions of 1/3 of a skin depth were usually chosen, while the horizontal grid resolution was relaxed. We find, however, that there is another important consideration for choosing an FDTD grid resolution applied to real‐world scenarios: localized field variations due to currents generated by ground features. It turns out the grid resolution requirements are much stricter when taking this physics into account.
A prospective evaluation of tibial insertion sites for intraosseous needles to gain vascular access in Asian neonates
Authors: Sengasai Chutima , Pacharn Preeyacha , Paes Bosco , Kitsommart Ratchada 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the appropriate intraosseous (IO) needle insertion site, optimal depth and success using a drill-assisted device (DAD) versus a manually inserted needle (MIN).

Methods
Computed tomography scans of neonatal cadavers were analyzed. Success was based on tibial needle tip placement within the marrow cavity and contrast media distribution.

Results
Nineteen cadavers (38 tibiae) were included. The overall success rate was comparable between DAD and MIN needles, but reduced in very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants. The insertion site was consistent across birth weight groups. Contrast leakage occurred overall in 15.8% and 41.7% in VLBW infants and was insignificantly greater in DAD versus MIN needles. Minimum and maximum puncture depth was adjusted for higher BW groups.

Conclusion
IO needles should be placed 2 cm below and 1–2 cm medial to the tibial tuberosity. MIN needles are preferred to minimize leakage. IO depth should be modified by birth weight.
Real-world effectiveness of early insulin therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular events in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Bao Wei , Nie Sheng , Ding Yu , Yue Tong , Zhou Yilun , Hu Ying , Li Hua , Yang Qiongqiong , Wan Qijun , Liu Bicheng , Xu Hong , Li Guisen , Xu Gang , Chen Chunbo , Liu Huafeng , Shi Yongjun , Zha Yan , Kong Yaozhong , Su Guobin , Tang Ying , Gong Mengchun , Ji Linong , Hou Fan Fan , Weng Jianping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly insulin therapy is capable to achieve glycemic control and restore β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in these patients remains unclear. In this nationwide real-world study, we analyzed electronic health record data from 19 medical centers across China between 1 January 2000, and 26 May 2022. We included 5424 eligible patients (mean age 56 years, 2176 women/3248 men) who were diagnosed T2D within six months and did not have prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of early insulin therapy (defined as the first-line therapy for at least two weeks in newly diagnosed T2D patients) with the incidence of major cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF). During 17,158 persons years of observation, we documented 834 incident CHD cases, 719 stroke cases, and 230 hospitalized cases for HF. Newly diagnosed T2D patients who received early insulin therapy, compared with those who did not receive such treatment, had 31% lower risk of incident stroke, and 28% lower risk of hospitalization for HF. No significant difference in the risk of CHD was observed. We found similar results when repeating the aforesaid analysis in a propensity-score matched population of 4578 patients and with inverse probability of treatment weighting models. These findings suggest that early insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T2D may have cardiovascular benefits by reducing the risk of incident stroke and hospitalization for HF.
Vacuum levitation and motion control on chip
Authors: Melo Bruno , T. Cuairan Marc , Tomassi Grégoire F. M. , Meyer Nadine , Quidant Romain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBy isolating from the environment and precisely controlling mesoscopic objects, levitation in vacuum has evolved into a versatile technique that has already benefited diverse scientific directions, from force sensing and thermodynamics to materials science and chemistry. It also holds great promise for advancing the study of quantum mechanics in the unexplored macroscopic regime. However, most current levitation platforms are complex and bulky. Recent efforts in miniaturization of vacuum levitation set-ups have comprised electrostatic and optical traps, but robustness is still a concern for integration into confined settings, such as cryostats or portable devices. Here we show levitation and motion control in high vacuum of a silica nanoparticle at the surface of a hybrid optical–electrostatic chip. By combining fibre-based optical trapping and sensitive position detection with cold damping through planar electrodes, we cool the particle motion to a few hundred phonons. We envisage that our fully integrated platform is the starting point for on-chip devices combining integrated photonics and nanophotonics with precisely engineered electric potentials, enhancing control over the particle motion towards complex state preparation and read-out.
Vedolizumab for the prevention of intestinal acute GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Chen Yi-Bin , Mohty Mohamad , Zeiser Robert , Teshima Takanori , Jamy Omer , Maertens Johan , Purtill Duncan , Chen Jingjing , Cao Hong , Rossiter Guillermo , Jansson Johan , Fløisand Yngvar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Vedolizumab is a gut-selective anti-α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody that reduces gut inflammation by inhibiting migration of GI-homing T lymphocytes. The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab added to standard GVHD prophylaxis (calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate/mycophenolate mofetil) was evaluated for prevention of lower-GI aGVHD after unrelated donor allo-HSCT in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Enrollment closed early during the COVID-19 pandemic with 343 patients randomized (n = 174 vedolizumab, n = 169 placebo), and 333 received ≥1 intravenous dose of 300 mg vedolizumab (n = 168) or placebo (n = 165) and underwent allo-HSCT. The primary end point was met; Kaplan–Meier (95% confidence interval) estimated rates of lower-GI aGVHD-free survival by day +180 after allo-HSCT were 85.5% (79.2–90.1) with vedolizumab versus 70.9% (63.2–77.2) with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.73; P < 0.001). For the 5 key secondary efficacy end points analyzed by day +180 after allo-HSCT, rates of lower-GI aGVHD-free and relapse-free survival and grade C–D aGVHD-free survival were significantly higher with vedolizumab versus placebo. No significant treatment differences were found for the other key secondary end points of non-relapse mortality, overall survival and grade B–D aGVHD-free survival, respectively. Incidence of treatment-related serious adverse events analyzed in patients receiving ≥1 dose of study treatment (n = 334) was 6.5% (n = 11 of 169) vedolizumab versus 8.5% (n = 14 of 165) placebo. When added to standard calcineurin inhibitor-based GVHD prevention, lower-GI aGVHD-free survival was significantly higher with vedolizumab versus placebo. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03657160.
Precision-guided treatment in high-risk pediatric cancers
Authors: Lau Loretta M. S. , Khuong-Quang Dong-Anh , Mayoh Chelsea , Wong Marie , Barahona Paulette , Ajuyah Pamela , Senapati Akanksha , Nagabushan Sumanth , Sherstyuk Alexandra , Altekoester Ann-Kristin , Fuentes-Bolanos Noemi A. , Yeung Veronica , Sullivan Ashleigh , Omer Natacha , Diamond Yonatan , Jessop Sophie , Battaglia Lauren , Zhukova Nataliya , Cui Louise , Lin Angela , Gifford Andrew J. , Fleuren Emmy D. G. , Dalla-Pozza Luciano , Moore Andrew S. , Khaw Seong-Lin , Eisenstat David D. , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Wood Paul J. , Tapp Heather , Alvaro Frank , McCowage Geoffrey , Nicholls Wayne , Hansford Jordan R. , Manoharan Neevika , Kotecha Rishi S. , Mateos Marion K. , Lock Richard B. , Tyrrell Vanessa , Haber Michelle , Trahair Toby N. , Cowley Mark J. , Ekert Paul G. , Marshall Glenn M. , Ziegler David S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent research showed that precision medicine can identify new treatment strategies for patients with childhood cancers. However, it is unclear which patients will benefit most from precision-guided treatment (PGT). Here we report consecutive data from 384 patients with high-risk pediatric cancer (with an expected cure rate of less than 30%) who had at least 18 months of follow-up on the ZERO Childhood Cancer Precision Medicine Program PRecISion Medicine for Children with Cancer (PRISM) trial. A total of 256 (67%) patients received PGT recommendations and 110 (29%) received a recommended treatment. PGT resulted in a 36% objective response rate and improved 2-year progression-free survival compared with standard of care (26% versus 12%; P = 0.049) or targeted agents not guided by molecular findings (26% versus 5.2%; P = 0.003). PGT based on tier 1 evidence, PGT targeting fusions or commenced before disease progression had the greatest clinical benefit. Our data show that PGT informed by comprehensive molecular profiling significantly improves outcomes for children with high-risk cancers. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03336931
Biophysical studies of modified PVC sheet based on sunflower oil for antistatic and blood bags applications
Authors: Hamieda Shimaa Farag , Reffaee Abeer , Saied Mona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, the surface of polyvinyl chloride PVC sheet was modified by blending it with sunflower seed oil SSO to obtain PVC sheet/SSO films of ratios 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (v/v)% using the solution casting method. Various techniques were used to characterize the prepared films, besides the use of hemolysis assays and blood clot formation tests. FTIR spectra revealed that there was a good interaction between the PVC sheet and the oil. The dielectric measurement indicated that SSO addition enhanced the dielectric properties of the sheet. The study of dielectric relaxation times confirmed the interaction between SSO and the sheet. DC conductivity increased to 6 × 10–6 S/m, so it could be applied in antistatic applications. Also, SSO addition increased the value of the thermal stability. According to SEM micrographs, the film was roughened at a ratio of 60/40 and smoothed out at 50/50. This behavior was confirmed with roughness and contact angle measurement results, in which the film of ratio 60/40 had the highest value equal to (72.03°) and then decreased at 50/50 to (59.62°). These results were confirmed by XRD measurement as the crystallinity increased at the film ratio of 60/40 and decreased again at 50/50. Also, the ratio of 60/40 demonstrated a large decrease in thrombus weights along with a slight increase in hemolysis, which is within the acceptable range and has a high degree of biocompatibility, so this concentration is recommended to be used in blood bags applications.
Simulation based design tool for radial impellers of centrifugal pumps
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Farid Saad Ayad , Hashish Anwer , Saleh Sherif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCentrifugal water pumps account for more than 20% of energy use all over the world. Even a little increase in centrifugal pump operating efficiency may result in billions of dollars in savings each year and help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This study creates a design tool that integrates one-dimensional equations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to design centrifugal pump impellers. This examines different combinations of design factors by utilizing both the powerful numerical tools that allow the modeling of numerous scenarios and the large number of empirical equations and coefficients that represent the significant knowledge accumulated in this field. The design tool runs through a series of equations to select the beginning candidates for the different impeller design variables. After that, a design space is established by generating upper and lower bounds for each design variable. The CFD tool executes numerous scenarios inside the design space in order to find the best candidates with the maximum operating efficiency and meet the design objectives. A low specific speed centrifugal pump with a semi-open impeller is used as a case study. The design tool is successful in designing it, fulfilling the design requirement, and increasing operational efficiency when compared to a simple single-arc comparable impeller.
Our experience with blast and gunshot induced traumatic vascular injuries at Somalia’s major vascular referral center
Authors: Hussein Abdinafic Mohamud , Ali Abdijalil Abdullahi , Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf , Ahmed Mohammed A. M. , Kizilay Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBlast and gunshot-induced penetrating traumatic vascular injuries represent a significant portion of patients with vascular trauma in countries where there are higher rates of war-related violence. These injuries are especially challenging in resource-limited countries due to early diagnosis and transfer delays. This report aimed to present our experience regarding the surgical management and outcome of such injuries at a major referral vascular surgery centre in the country. A retrospective descriptive review of 326 patients with blast and gunshot-induced penetrating traumatic vascular injuries managed during a five-year period between April 2018 and April 2023. The demographics, mechanism of injury, type of vascular injury, Anatomical location, time to the operation, length of hospital stay, amount of blood products given, concomitant neuroskeletal injuries, development of Vascular injury associated acute kidney injury, surgical procedures performed and patient outcome were reviewed. In this study, 326 patients with 445 vascular injuries fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the patients were male 92.3%, and the mean age was 28.3 ± 9.9 years. The gunshot mechanism of vascular injury was implicated in 76.1% of the injuries, and explosive-induced injury was 78 (23.9%). 193 (59.2%) of the patients had isolated arterial injuries, 117 (35.9%) patients had combined arterial and venous injuries while 18 (4.9%) patients had isolated venous injuries. The most commonly injured arteries were the femoral artery, followed by Brachial and popliteal artery injuries (26.1%, 23.5% and 19.4%, respectively). The median time to revascularization was 8.8 ± 8.7 h. 46.8% of the patients had Concomitant fractures, while 26.5% had Concomitant nerve injuries. Only three patients had temporary non-heparin-bound shunts during their arrival. The most common surgical intervention in arterial injuries was reversed saphenous vein graft 46.1%. The mortality was 5.8% and 7.7% of the patients needed secondary amputation. The majority of wartime arterial injuries are a result of Blast and gunshot vascular injuries. Frequent need for autologous vein grafts should be considered to manage such injuries. Results are encouraging despite delays in intervention; therefore, all viable limbs should be revascularized, keeping in mind the long-term functionality of the limb.
Fast nondiffusive response of heat and turbulence pulse propagation
Authors: Kenmochi Naoki , Ida Katsumi , Tokuzawa Tokihiko , Mizuno Yoshinori , Yasuhara Ryo , Funaba Hisamichi , Uehara Hiyori , Den Hartog Daniel J. , Yoshinuma Mikirou , Takemura Yuki , Igami Hiroe , Yanai Ryoma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe experimental findings from the Large Helical Device have demonstrated a fast, nondiffusive behavior during the propagation of heat pulses, with an observed increase in speed with reduction in their temporal width. Concurrent propagation of the temperature gradient and turbulence, in a timeframe spanning from a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds, aligned with the avalanche model. These results indicate that the more spatiotemporally localized the heat and turbulence pulses are, the greater the deviation of the plasma from its equilibrium state, coupled with faster propagation velocity. This insight is pivotal for future fusion reactors, which necessitate the maintenance of a steady-state, non-equilibrium condition.