bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Australian Dietitians' knowledge, experience and perspectives of time‐restricted eating in private practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Pye Caitlin , Parr Evelyn B. , Flint Steve A. , Devlin Brooke L. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryTime‐restricted eating is a novel nutrition intervention with evidence of beneficial effects on weight loss, blood glucose management, and other metabolic health outcomes. Adherence to time‐restricted eating is higher than some traditional nutrition interventions to support individuals living with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there may be an evidence‐practice gap of time‐restricted eating in Australian dietetic practice. The present study aimed to explore dietitians' knowledge, experiences, and perspectives of time‐restricted eating and timing of eating advice in practice. Semi‐structured interviews with 10 private practice dietitians across Australia were conducted. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed thematically. Six themes were identified: (i) distinction of time‐restricted eating to other fasting protocols; (ii) knowledge of health benefits of time‐restricted eating; (iii) patient‐led advice frequently given: timing of breakfast and dinner; (iv) dietitian‐led advice frequently given: eating cut‐off time to avoid late night snacking; (v) barriers and facilitators to offering time‐restricted eating or timing of eating advice; (vi) timing of eating advice within professional guidelines and resources. These findings suggest the need for development of professional resources and educational development tools for dietitians on time‐restricted eating.
Association of postsystolic shortening on stress echocardiography and significant coronary artery stenosis: A single‐centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Toftgård Joel , Hedskog Henrik , Rune Lars , Svedenhag Jan , Riva Gabriel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostsystolic shortening (PSS) is one of the proposed quantitative measures to predict myocardial ischaemia in the stress echocardiographic (SE) evaluation. It is previously known that hypo‐/akinesia (HA) correlates well with coronary stenosis. However, some patients undergoing SE only present with PSS, and their risk of significant coronary stenosis is less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PSS and significant coronary stenosis compared with HA.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study at the hospital of S:t Görans, Stockholm, Sweden. All patients who underwent SE to investigate inducible ischaemia between 1 January 2018 and 15 October 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were normal SE and inconclusive test. Pathological SE were divided into two groups, patients with HA and those with PSS. Outcome was significant coronary artery stenosis visualized by invasive coronary angiography.ResultsThe final study population consisted of 108 patients (73 PSS, 35 HA). The presence of HA was associated with a higher risk of significant stenosis compared to those with PSS (63% vs. 23%, p < 0.001). This relationship was observed among males (p < 0.001), but not among females (p = 0.133). Nonsignificant stenosis trended to be more common among patients with PSS (21% vs. 6%, p = 0.053)ConclusionsThe finding of PSS without HA was associated with a lower risk of significant coronary stenosis than HA. However, patients with PSS still often had nonsignificant coronary stenosis and PSS in the evaluation for nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) should be further investigated.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with ischemic stroke – A nationwide study
Authors: Hastrup Sidsel , Hedegaard Jakob Nebeling , Andersen Grethe , Rungby Jorgen , Johnsen Soren Paaske 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) and associated with an adverse prognosis. Both stroke and diabetes care has evolved substantially during the last decade.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T2D among IS patients along with time trends in the risk profile, use of glucose‐lowering medications, quality‐of‐care and clinical outcomes, including stroke severity; length‐of‐stay; mortality, readmission and recurrent stroke in a large national cohort.MethodsRegistry‐based cohort study including all IS events in Denmark from 2004 to 2020.IS with co‐morbid T2D were compared to IS without diabetes while adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, co‐morbidity and socio‐economic factors.ResultsThe study included 169,262 IS events; 24,479 with co‐morbid T2D. The prevalence of T2D in IS increased from 12.0% (2004–2006) to 17.0% (2019–2020). The adjusted absolute 30‐day mortality risk in IS with T2D decreased from 9.9% (2004–2006) to 7.8% (2019–2020). The corresponding adjusted risk ratios (aRR) were 1.22 95% confidence interval (1.09–1.37) and 1.29 (1.11–1.50), respectively. The aRR of 365‐day mortality was in 2004–2006: 1.20 (1.12–1.29) and in 2019–2020: 1.34 (1.22–1.47). The 30‐ and 365‐day readmissions rates were also consistently higher in IS with T2D.ConclusionsThe prevalence of T2D in IS increased over time. The 30‐ and 365‐day mortality rates decreased over the time‐period but were consistently higher in IS with co‐morbid T2D. Readmissions were also higher in IS with T2D. This highlights an urgent need for strategies to further improve the prognosis in IS patients with co‐morbid T2D.
Plasma microbial cell‐free DNA following chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia
Authors: Aftandilian Catherine , Bito Xue Rachel , Berman David , Zhang Amy , Duttagupta Radha , Davis Kara L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising treatment for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B ALL). Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common toxicity after CAR T cell therapy and fever is often the first symptom. Differentiating CRS from infection after CAR T cell therapy can be challenging. Plasma microbial cell free DNA (mcfDNA) is a novel diagnostic tool which allows for qualitative and quantitative assessment of over 1000 organisms. This pilot study sought to characterize mcfDNA results in pediatric patients with R/R B ALL in the first 2 months after CAR T cell therapy.
Early and late contingent negative variation (CNV) reflect different aspects of deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Akgül Özge , Fide Ezgi , Özel Fatih , Alptekin Köksal , Bora Emre , Akdede Berna Binnur , Yener Görsev 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbnormal reward processing and psychomotor slowing are well‐known in schizophrenia (SZ). As a slow frontocentral potential, contingent negative variation (CNV) is associated with anticipatory attention, motivation and motor planning. The present study aims to evaluate the early and late amplitude and latencies of CNV in patients with SZ compared to healthy controls during a reward processing task and to show its association with clinical symptoms. We recruited 21 patients with SZ and 22 healthy controls to compare early and late CNV amplitude and latency values during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task between groups. Patients' symptom severity, levels of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed. Clinical features of the patients were further examined for their relation with CNV components. In conclusion, we found decreased early CNV amplitudes in SZ during the reward condition. They also displayed diminished and shortened late CNV responses for incentive cues, specifically at the central location. Furthermore, early CNV amplitudes exhibited a significant correlation with positive symptoms. Both CNV latencies were linked with medication dosage and the behavioural outcomes of the MID task. We revealed that early and late CNV exhibit different functions in neurophysiology and correspond to various facets of the deficits observed in patients. Our findings also emphasized that slow cortical potentials are indicative of deficient motivational processes as well as impaired reaction preparation in SZ. To gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive and motor impairments associated with psychosis, future studies must compare the effects of CNV in the early and late phases.
Leveraging the AAPPL to promote positive washback in K‐12 language teaching
Authors: Vyn Reuben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the use of external proficiency‐based tests to measure learners' language ability has increased significantly, in part thanks to the Seal of Biliteracy movement. However, there exists very limited research investigating the influence of such tests and their subsequent outcomes data on teachers' practices. As such, this study examines the washback effects of the ACTFL Assessment of Performance toward Proficiency in Languages (AAPPL) on teachers' instruction and planning in an urban Midwest K‐12 district. Survey and interview data revealed that teachers increased their use of ACTFL key documents, placed more emphasis on target language usage, and sought to balance their use of the three modes of communication to better meet learners' needs and facilitate their proficiency development. This evidence of positive washback was observed among teachers across languages and levels and was enhanced by the opt‐in approach to test implementation and the close link between testing and teaching. For some, the AAPPL served as a catalyst to further align their curricula and instruction. Recommendations are offered for those who may wish to implement a standards‐based external language assessment such as the AAPPL as a means by which to foster professional growth and promote teachers' adoption of proficiency‐oriented practices.
Validation study of age‐independent fibrosis score (Fibrosis‐3 index) in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro , Kawanaka Miwa , Fujii Hideki , Kariyama Kazuya , Toyoda Hidenori , Iwaki Michihiro , Hayashi Hideki , Oeda Satoshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Morishita Asahiro , Munekage Kensuke , Kawata Kazuhito , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Sawada Koji , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Tobita Hiroshi , Yoshida Yuichi , Naito Masafumi , Araki Asuka , Arakaki Shingo , Kawaguchi Takumi , Noritake Hidenao , Ono Masafumi , Masaki Tsutomu , Yasuda Satoshi , Tomita Eiichi , Yoneda Masato , Tokushige Akihiro , Kamada Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Ueda Shinichiro , Aishima Shinichi , Sumida Yoshio , Nakajima Atsushi , Kumada Takashi , Okanoue Takeshi ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBecause the accuracy of the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index for predicting liver fibrosis changes with age, the need for different cut‐offs in various age groups has frequently been discussed. We developed the age‐independent score, the Fibrosis‐3 (FIB‐3) index, and have shown its usefulness in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to validate the diagnostic ability of the FIB‐3 index to predict fibrosis progression using a large new patient cohort.MethodsThe ability of the FIB‐3 index to predict liver fibrosis was analyzed by comparing it with that of the FIB‐4 index using data from 1398 patients with MASLD enrolled in the Asia‐based clinical outcome NAFLD study.ResultsThe areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting fibrosis stage F3 or higher were not different between the FIB‐3 and FIB‐4 indices in the entire cohort. Using the single ideal cut‐offs of the indices (3.41 for FIB‐3 index and 2.01 for FIB‐4 index), the predictive accuracy of the FIB‐3 index was not significantly different from that of the FIB‐4 index among patients aged <60 years; however, the accuracy of the FIB‐3 index was significantly higher than that of the FIB‐4 index in those aged ≥60 years (0.645 and 0.529, respectively; p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe high ability of the FIB‐3 index with a single cut‐off to predict liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD was confirmed. The FIB‐3 index could serve as a useful tool for assessing liver fibrosis regardless of age.
Evaluation of fine‐needle core biopsy specimens for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Diagnostic utility and helpful histological features
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S , Yin Tiffany , Rosenbaum Matthew W , Quintana Liza 
Published: April 2024

AimsWith the advent of new biopsy devices, fine‐needle core biopsy specimens can be obtained from pancreas masses. This study aimed to report the histological spectrum of intrapancreatic adenocarcinoma on fine‐needle core biopsy and the accuracy of sampling.Methods and resultsWe identified 423 SharkCore™ fine‐needle core biopsies taken from patients with a high clinical concern for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. For each, we recorded patient age and sex, percentage of diagnostic tissue in each sample and tumour site, size and histological findings. The cases came from 392 patients (193 men, 199 women; mean age 69 years). Median diagnostic tissue amount in the samples was 30%. Common histological findings included desmoplasia (36%), single atypical cells (44%), haphazard glandular growth pattern (68%), nuclear pleomorphism > 4:1 (39%), incomplete gland lumens (18%) and detached atypical epithelial strips (37%). Additional levels were ordered on 143 cases. Final clinical diagnoses associated with the 423 cases were adenocarcinoma (n = 343), pancreatitis (n = 22), intraductal neoplasm or other benign/low‐grade process (n = 16) and unknown (n = 42, patients lost to follow‐up). Of the adenocarcinoma cases, the diagnosis was established by the evaluated fine‐needle core biopsy sample alone in 178, by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy alone in 30, by both concurrently in 89 and by subsequent biopsy or resection in 37 cases. Among 68 cases called suspicious on fine‐needle core biopsy, 78% ultimately represented adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsFine‐needle core biopsy allows for histological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, using known histological parameters. Common findings include single atypical cells, desmoplasia, haphazard gland growth and nuclear pleomorphism. Cases interpreted as suspicious often represent malignancy.
The proportion of tumour stroma predicts response to treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIB−IV non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yi Lina , Wen Yingmei , Xiao Mengxia , Yuan Jingping , Ke Xiaokang , Zhang Xiuyun , Khan Liaqat , Song Qibin , Yao Yi 
Published: April 2024

AimsImmunotherapy has brought a new era to cancer treatment, yet we lack dependable predictors for its effectiveness. This study explores the predictive significance of intratumour stroma proportion (iTSP) for treatment success and prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing treatment with immune check‐point inhibitors (ICIs) together with chemotherapy.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively collected data from patients with unresectable stage IIIB−IV NSCLC who were treated with first‐line ICIs and chemotherapy. Each patient received a confirmed pathological diagnosis, and the pathologist evaluated the iTSP on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained sections of diagnostic tissue slides. Among the 102 H&E‐stained biopsy samples, 61 (59.8%) were categorised as stroma‐L (less than 50% iTSP), while 41 (40.2%) were classified as stroma‐H (more than 50% iTSP). We observed that the stroma‐L group exhibited a significantly better objective response rate (ORR) (72.1 versus 51.2%, P = 0.031) and deeper response depth (DpR) (−50.49 ± 28.79% versus −35.83 ± 29.91%, P = 0.015) compared to the stroma‐H group. Furthermore, the stroma‐L group showed longer median progression‐free survival (PFS) (9.6 versus 6.0 months, P = 0.011) and overall survival (OS) (24.0 versus 12.2 months, P = 0.001) compared to the stroma‐H group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that iTSP was a highly significant prognostic factor for both PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.713; P = 0.030] and OS (HR = 2.225; P = 0.003).ConclusionOur findings indicate that a lower iTSP corresponds to improved clinical outcomes and greater DpR in individuals with stage IIIB−IV NSCLC treated with first‐line ICIs and chemotherapy. The iTSP could potentially serve as a predictive biomarker for ICIs therapy response.
Exploring approaches to pulp vitality assessment: A scoping review of nontraditional methods
Authors: Afkhami Farzaneh , Wright Patricia Paule , Chien Philip Yuan‐Ho , Xu Chun , Walsh Laurence James , Peters Ove Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiagnostic procedures for pulp vitality assessment are a crucial aspect of routine dental practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nontraditional techniques and methodologies for assessing pulp vitality, specifically exploring promising approaches that are currently not used in dental practice.MethodsThe study protocol was registered a priori (https://osf.io/3m97z/). An extensive electronic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Inclusion criteria were guided by the research question based on the PCC model as follows: “What are the potential nontraditional techniques (Concept) for assessing pulp vitality (Population) in the field of endodontics or clinical practice (Context)?” Studies were included that explored possible approaches to pulp vitality assessment, utilizing a range of techniques, whilst any studies using traditional pulp tests (cold, heat, and electric stimulation) or well‐known methods (pulse oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry) were excluded. Reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. A patent search was also performed.ResultsOf 3062 studies, 65 were included that described nontraditional approaches for assessing pulp vitality. These included a range of optical diagnostic methods, ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (UDF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), terahertz imaging, tooth temperature measurements, as well as invasive methodologies, including 133xenon washout, radioisotope‐labelled tracers, hydrogen gas desaturation, intravital microscopy and fluorescent microspheres isotope clearance. The patent search included artificial intelligence and biomarkers methods.ConclusionsThis review provides details for potential innovative tests that may directly describe pulp vitality. Importantly, these methods range from clinically impractical through to promising methods that may transform clinical practice. Several nontraditional techniques have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and could provide valuable insights into the assessment of pulp vitality in challenging clinical scenarios.
Functional and biological implications of clonotypic diversity among human donor‐unrestricted T cells
Authors: Maerz Megan D , Cross Deborah L , Seshadri Chetan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractT cells express a T‐cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer that is the product of germline rearrangement and junctional editing resulting in immense clonotypic diversity. The generation of diverse TCR repertoires enables the recognition of pathogen‐derived peptide antigens presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, T cells also recognize nonpeptide antigens through nearly monomorphic antigen‐presenting systems, such as cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1), MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1) and butyrophilins (BTNs). This potential for shared immune responses across genetically diverse populations led to their designation as donor‐unrestricted T cells (DURTs). As might be expected, some CD1‐, MR1‐ and BTN‐restricted T cells express a TCR that is conserved across unrelated individuals. However, several recent studies have reported unexpected diversity among DURT TCRs, and increasing evidence suggests that this diversity has functional consequences. Recent reports also challenge the dogma that immune cells are either innate or adaptive and suggest that DURT TCRs may act in both capacities. Here, we review this evidence and propose an expanded view of the role for clonotypic diversity among DURTs in humans, including new perspectives on how DURT TCRs may integrate their adaptive and innate immune functions.
Factors associated with the quality of life of persons with young‐onset dementia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Yang Yoosun , Song Jun‐Ah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review examines factors associated with quality of life (QoL) in persons with young‐onset dementia (YOD). Studies investigating and analysing factors related to QoL in persons with YOD were included. Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. Due to inconsistent outcome variables across studies, synthesis without meta‐analysis was used for data integration. Methodological quality was assessed, and results were synthesised. Eleven studies were included in this review, identifying different factors influencing QoL in persons with YOD, which could be categorised into six groups. Behavioural and psychiatric factors showed the highest significant findings ratio (SFR), as determined by the ratio of ‘studies finding significance’ to the ‘total number of studies addressing the factor’. Following in terms of SFR were care‐related and physical factors. Demographic and dementia‐characteristic factors had the lowest SFR. Among single factors, depressive symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, both included in behavioural and psychiatric factors, had the highest SFR. This systematic review highlights the importance of behavioural and psychiatric elements in QoL in persons with young onset and points to depressive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms as potential therapeutic targets. However, as research on QoL in persons with YOD continues to expand, the inclusion of methods such as meta‐analysis may be beneficial.
Effects of workplace incivility and workload on nurses’ work attitude: The mediating effect of burnout
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Seo Ja‐Kyung , Macphee Maura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe study's aim was to examine how workplace incivility and workload influence nurses' work attitudes (turnover intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) using the stress–strain–outcome framework.BackgroundThere is a lack of comprehensive research on the combined effects of workplace incivility and workload on nurses' work attitudes.IntroductionTwo workplace stressors, incivility and workload, were hypothesized to lead to burnout, which in turn influences nurses’ work attitudes.MethodsA cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted. Survey data were collected from 1,255 direct care nurses with a minimum of 6 months’ nursing experiences in 34 general hospitals across Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. This study is reported using the STROBE checklist.ResultsAs hypothesized, both workplace incivility and workload increased burnout. Heightened burnout correlated with increased turnover intention, lowered job satisfaction, and reduced organizational commitment. While workplace incivility impacted these outcomes both directly and indirectly via its effect on burnout, workload influenced the outcomes solely through burnout.ConclusionThe study's findings are based on one, nonrandomized sample of nurses working at South Korean hospitals. Despite such study limitations, the study findings support the adverse impact of two workplace stressors on burnout and nurses’ work attitudes.Implications for nursingEvidence‐informed interventions for both workplace stressors include training programs, clear policy guidelines, open communication channels, and supportive work environments.Implications for nursing and health policyZero tolerance and equity, diversity and inclusivity policies to promote workplace civility must be enforced. Workload needs to be patient‐centered, ensuring a “fit” between patient needs and nurse staffing.