bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QUAN ĐIỂM VỀ GIÁ TRỊ NGHỀ NGHIỆP ĐIỀU DƯỠNG Ở SINH VIÊN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN
Authors: Lê Thị Kim Anh , Lê Thị Hoàn , Huỳnh Thụy Phương Hồng 
Published: June 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Đánh giá các giá trị nghề nghiệp theo quan điểm của sinh viên có thể thiết lập thông tin hữu ích để cung cấp các chiến lược hiệu quả hơn để tích hợp và sử dụng các giá trị nghề nghiệp trong hoạt động đạo đức và học tập lâm sàng. Tuy nhiên, các Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng ở sinh viên vẫn chưa được kiểm tra ở Việt Nam. Mục tiêu: Khảo sát quan điểm về Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng ở sinh viên Đại học Y Dược Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và các yếu tố liên quan. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả trên 494 sinh viên Cử nhân Điều dưỡng chính quy năm 1 năm 2 năm 3 và năm 4 trong tháng 6/2022. Công cụ NPVS-3 được sử dụng để đánh giá Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng ở sinh viên. Điểm càng cao phản ánh Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng càng cao. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Sinh viên có điểm trung bình Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng là 104,8 ± 11,9. Có mối liên quan giữa Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng với năm học (F = 8,414, p < 0.001); kinh nghiệm học môn vai trò và khái niệm trong thực hành Điều dưỡng (t = 2,93, p=0,004); kinh nghiệm tham gia chương trình về định hướng nghề nghiệp như nhịp cầu kinh nghiệm, Quốc tế Điều dưỡng 12/05 do bộ môn tổ chức (t = 2,82, p=0,01); Theo ngành Điều dưỡng sau khi ra trường (t= 2,17, p=0,031). Không tìm thấy mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng với các đặc điểm khác của sinh viên. Kết luận: Phát triển các Gía trị nghề nghiệp Điều dưỡng ở Sinh viên là rất quan trọng vì những giá trị đó là một yếu tố dự báo đáng kể về chất lượng chăm sóc và phát triển nghề nghiệp. Nghiên cứu cho thấy các sinh viên Điều dưỡng có giá trị nghề nghiệp cao. Sinh viên đạt điểm cao nhất từ lĩnh vực chăm sóc và điểm thấp nhất từ lĩnh vực chuyên nghiệp.
ĐÁNH GIÁ MỐI TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA TRIỆU CHỨNG VÀ MỨC ĐỘ ĐAU KHỚP THÁI DƯƠNG HÀM VỚI HÌNH ẢNH CỘNG HƯỞNG TỪ Ở BỆNH NHÂN CÓ RỐI LOẠN NỘI KHỚP
Authors: Trịnh Văn Duy , Đinh Quang Chiến , Trương Mạnh Nguyên , Hoàng Kim Loan , Lê Quang Long , Hoàng Đình Âu 
Published: June 2024

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá mối tương quan giữa triệu chứng và mức độ đau khớp thái dương hàm (TDH) với những bất thường trên hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ (CHT) ở những bệnh nhân nghi ngờ có hội chứng rối loạn nội khớp thái dương hàm. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà nội từ 9/2023 đến 1/2024 trên các bệnh nhân nghi ngờ có hội chứng rối loạn nội khớp TDH. Tất cả các bệnh nhân được khai thác triệu chứng đau và mức độ đau theo thang điểm VAS, sau đó được chụp CHT khớp TDH. Các bất thường trên hình ảnh CHT của khớp TDH sẽ được đối chiếu nhằm xác định mối tương quan với triệu chứng và mức độ đau trên lâm sàng. Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 54 bệnh nhân với 88 khớp TDH đã được đưa vào nghiên cứu, tuổi trung bình 27±11,9, thấp nhất 11 tuổi, cao nhất 68 tuổi. Có mối tương quan mạnh giữa triệu chứng và mức độ đau với bất thường vị trí đĩa khớp (p<0,01, r=0,44), bất thường hình dạng lồi cầu (p<0,01, r=0,5) và dịch ổ khớp trên CHT (p<0,01, r= -0,5). Có mối tương quan yếu giữa bất thường hình dạng đĩa khớp với triệu chứng và mức độ đau (p<0,01, r=0,29). Kết luận: Có mối tương quan giữa triệu chứng và mức độ đau khớp TDH với tình trạng di lệch đĩa khớp, thoái hoá chỏm lồi cầu và dịch trong ổ khớp trên CHT.
Radiographic and functional results of Ilizarov fixation in the management of nonunion of tibia and femur fractures: a retrospective case series
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed A. A. , Alhomayani Khalid M. , Gaber Usama , Bukhary Hashem A. , Nematallah Samir A. , Elgahel Mostafa M. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Femoral and tibial fractures may result in delayed union and nonunion, posing significant challenges in orthopedic practice. The Ilizarov technique has emerged as a promising solution for managing these complex cases.

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the radiographic and functional results of Ilizarov fixation in the treatment of nonunion of tibia and femur fractures.

DESIGN:
Retrospective

SETTINGS:
Hospitals affiliated with a university hospital

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, and treatment details were analyzed for the period from October 2015 to September 2022 in patients who were treated for nonunion of the tibia and femur using the Ilizarov fixator. Clinical and radiological assessments were performed using the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. The study focused on assessing the average duration for union and frame removal, bone results, successful union rates, and functional results using the ASAMI criteria, obtaining data from the existing medical records, spanning various medical facilities treating nonunion fractures.

SAMPLE SIZE:
126 patients

RESULTS:
The average duration for union and frame removal was 8 months, with excellent bone results observed in 60.32% of cases. Out of 126 patients, 118 achieved successful union, while there were 2 failure cases necessitating amputation (1.52%). Functional results revealed excellent outcomes in 39.68% of cases. Complications included pin tract infections, ankle and knee stiffness, and limb shortening. External fixation duration and infection eradication were consistent with previous research, emphasizing the technique's effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Ilizarov technique proved highly effective in managing nonunion tibia and femur fractures, offering favorable outcomes in terms of union, infection control, pain relief, and functional recovery. While excellent bone outcomes do not guarantee optimal function, this method remains a reliable approach for complex cases.

LIMITATIONS:
Potential biases inherent in retrospective analyses and the need for further randomized controlled trials to comprehensively compare treatment modalities.
Do single-session Epley maneuvers treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?
Authors: Çelik Elif Kaya , Öner Fatih , Akay Hatice Güzelküçük 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular condition characterized by short-term vertigo attacks that significantly affect quality of life

OBJECTIVES:
Examine how well a single Epley maneuver worked in an outpatient setting for people with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) and whether they needed a second Dix-Hallpike maneuver.

DESIGN:
Prospective.

SETTINGS:
Otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI), and systemic disease history of 75 patients diagnosed with PC-BPPV were recorded, and their relationship with success rates after the modified Epley maneuver was analyzed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Detect cases that could not be repositioned with the diagnostic control Dix-Hallpike test performed 20 minutes after the modified Epley reposition maneuver in the same session in PC-BPPV patients.

SAMPLE SIZE:
75

RESULTS:

Of the 75 patients, 31 were male (41.3%), 44 female (58.6%) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 58.6 (15.9) years age, 54.6% had one or more chronic diseases. BMI was 30 mg/kg
2
and above in 31 patients (41.3%). The modified Epley maneuver was successful in 77.3%. No significant relationship was found between additional diseases or BMI in the patient group in whom the maneuver was unsuccessful.

CONCLUSION:
The success rates of repositioning maneuvers in treating patients diagnosed with PC-BPPV are high. However, more than a single maneuver is required in some resistant patients. Second diagnostic and repositioning maneuvers performed in the same session will reduce multiple hospital admissions. While it is helpful to repeat the maneuver in the patient group where it was unsuccessful, other factors causing the failure should be investigated.

LIMITATIONS:
Lack of follow-up results of patients after 7-10 days.
PENGARUH MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI POWTOON UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN MINAT SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 060875 MEDAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Sinaga Eka Margareta , Sriadhi  
Published: June 2024

Dalam dunia pendidikan, peranan media pembelajaran sangat penting yang berguna untuk menghidupkan antusias peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Akan tetapi keterbatasan media yang ada disekolah menjadi salah satu permasalahan, sehingga menuntut guru untuk membuat sendiri media pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif. Dalam penelitian ini, dikaji mengenai penggunaan media video animasi Powtoon dalam pengajaran mata pelajaran IPA, khususnya pada materi Sistem Pencernaan Makanan pada Manusia, dapat memiliki berbagai pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas V SD Negeri 060875 Medan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (a) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar antara kelas yang diajarkan dengan media animasi Powtoon dan kelas yang diajarkan dengan media konvensional. (b) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana interaksi antara media animasi Powtoon dan minat belajar mempengaruhi hasil belajar peserta didik. (c) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar antara kelas yang diajarkan dengan media animasi Powtoon dan media pembelajaran konvensional khususnya untuk kelas peserta didik yang memiliki minat belajar tinggi. (d) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar kelas yang diajarkan dengan penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan desain Treatment by Level untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan hasil belajar antara kelas yang diajarkan dengan media animasi Powtoon dan media konvensional, khususnya untuk kelas yang memiliki minat belajar rendah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 38 peserta didik. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Varians-2 Arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Hasil pemahaman suatu penelitian atau pengalaman pembelajaran, peserta didik yang berada dalam kelas yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan media animasi Powtoon memiliki pemahaman konsep yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan peserta didik dalam kelas yang diajarkan dengan media pembelajaran konvensional. (b) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara media pembelajaran dan minat belajar terhadap hasil pemahaman konsep (c) Untuk kelas yang memiliki minat belajar tinggi memiliki hasil pemahaman konsep yang lebih tinggi ketika diajarkan dengan menggunakan media animasi Powtoon dibandingkan dengan kelas yang diajarkan dengan media konvensional. (d) Untuk kelas yang memiliki minat belajar rendah, hasil pemahaman konsep lebih tinggi ketika mereka diajarkan dengan menggunakan media animasi Powtoon dibandingkan dengan kelas yang diajarkan dengan media konvensional.
The Geometric Correction Method for zircon (U–Th) ∕ He chronology: correcting systematic error and assigning uncertainties to alpha-ejection corrections and eU concentrations
Authors: Zeigler Spencer D. , Baker Morgan , Metcalf James R. , Flowers Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The conventional zircon (U–Th) / He (ZHe) method typically uses microscopy measurements of the dated grain together with the assumption that the zircon can be appropriately modeled as a geometrically perfect tetragonal or ellipsoidal prism in the calculation of volume (V), alpha-ejection correction (FT), equivalent spherical radius (RFT), effective uranium concentration (eU), and corrected (U–Th) / He date. Here, we develop a set of corrections for systematic error and determine uncertainties to be used in the calculation of the above parameters for zircon, using the same methodology as Zeigler et al. (2023) for apatite. Our approach involved acquiring both “2D” microscopy measurements and high-resolution “3D” nano-computed tomography (CT) data for a suite of 223 zircon grains from nine samples showcasing a wide range of morphology, size, age, and lithological source, calculating the V, FT, and RFT values for the 2D and 3D measurements and comparing the 2D vs. 3D results. We find that the values derived from the 2D microscopy data overestimate the true 3D V, FT, and RFT values for zircon, with one exception (V of ellipsoidal grains). Correction factors for this misestimation determined by regressing the 3D vs. 2D data range from 0.81–1.04 for V, 0.97–1.0 for FT, and 0.92–0.98 for RFT, depending on zircon geometry. Uncertainties (1σ) derived from the scatter of data around the regression line are 13 %–21 % for V, 5 %–1 % for FT, and 8 % for RFT, again depending on zircon morphologies. Like for apatite, the main control on the magnitude of the corrections and uncertainties is grain geometry, with grain size being a secondary control on FT uncertainty. Propagating these uncertainties into a real dataset (N=28 ZHe analyses) generates 1σ uncertainties of 12 %–21 % in eU and 3 %–7 % in the corrected ZHe date when both analytical and geometric uncertainties are included. Accounting for the geometric corrections and uncertainties is important for appropriately reporting, plotting, and interpreting ZHe data. For both zircon and apatite, the Geometric Correction Method is a practical and straightforward approach for calculating more accurate (U–Th) / He data and for including geometric uncertainty in eU and date uncertainties.
Analisis Pengaruh Dimensi terhadap Daya Dukung Fondasi pada Tanah Lapisan Lensa Batuan
Authors: Hisan Fihinna Khoirotun , Solin Dian Purnamawati , Himatul Farichah  
Published: June 2024

In general, soil investigation plays an important role in when designing substructures. Soil investigation is commonly used as a reference or basis for foundation designing. Therefore, in foundation designing soil investigation needs to be conducted first to provide appropriate treatments and minimizing the occurrence of failure in the foundation. This is particularly important especially when unique cases are found such as soil dominated by soft soil and the presence of rock lenses within soil dominated by soft soil. Thus, in this study, the design of substructure is carried out with the case of the presence of rock lens. This research involves various factors for selecting a foundation, including bearing capacity, settlement and lateral deflection. The result of this research finding suggest that using bored pile 70 cm in dimension is considered safe as a foundation in soil containing rock lens.
Analisis Kinerja dan Evaluasi Unit Clearator dan Clarifier di PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya
Authors: Putri Nara Naomi Aprilia , Aussie Amalia  
Published: June 2024

PDAM adalah perusahaan yang melakukan pengolahan air baku untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang berkualitas dan aman. Air bersih yang berkualitas adalah air yang telah lulus uji dari Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 736/Menkes/PER/VI/2010 dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010. Untuk mendapatkan air yang lulus uji perlu dilakukannya pengolahan air baku yang melalui unit kanal, prasedimentasi, koagulasi-flokulasi, clearator, clarifier dan filtrasi. Namun dikarenakan adanya sebuah kendala pada unit tersebut dapat menyebabkan unit pengolahan tidak berjalan secara optimal, meskipun tetap memenuhi persyaratan uji parameter. Salah satu unit di IPAM yang memiliki kendala yaitu unit clearator dan clarifier. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengevaluasi kinerja unitclearator daan clarifier untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas air bersih. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan pengamatan hasil parameter kekeruhannya selama 3 minggu dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat beberapa faktor yang berdampak pada kinerja unit clarifier dan clearator, termasuk lamanya waktu pengurasan, kualitas flok yang kurang optimal, serta perubahan posisi tube settler.

PDAM is a company that treats raw water to obtain quality and safe clean water. Clean quality water is water that has passed the test of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 736/Menkes/PER/VI/2010 and Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492/Menkes/PER/IV/2010. To get water that passes the test, it is necessary to treat raw water through the canal unit, prasedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, clearator, clarifier and filtration. However, due to an obstacle in the unit, it can cause the treatment unit to not run optimally, even though it still meets the parameter test requirements. One of the units in IPAM that has constraints is the clearator and clarifier unit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the performance of the clearator and clarifier units to obtain factors that can improve the quality of clean water. The method used in this study is to observe the results of the turbidity parameter for 3 weeks in percentage form. The results obtained in this study are that there are several factors that have an impact on the performance of the clarifier and clearator units, including the length of drain time, suboptimal floc quality, and changes in the position of the settler tube.
Mysterious and manipulative black boxes: A qualitative analysis of perceptions on recommender systems
Authors: Ruohonen Jukka 
Published: June 2024

Recommender systems are used to provide relevant suggestions on various matters. Although these systems are a classical research topic, knowledge is still limited regarding the public opinion about these systems. Public opinion is also important because the systems are known to cause various problems. To this end, this paper presents a qualitative analysis of the perceptions of ordinary citizens, civil society groups, businesses, and others on recommender systems in Europe. The dataset examined is based on the answers submitted to a consultation about the Digital Services Act (DSA) recently enacted in the European Union (EU). Therefore, not only does the paper contribute to the pressing question about regulating new technologies and online platforms, but it also reveals insights about the policy-making of the DSA. According to the qualitative results, Europeans have generally negative opinions about recommender systems and the quality of their recommendations. The systems are widely seen to violate privacy and other fundamental rights. According to many Europeans, these also cause various societal problems, including even threats to democracy. Furthermore, existing regulations in the EU are commonly seen to have failed due to a lack of proper enforcement. Numerous suggestions were made by the respondents to the consultation for improving the situation, but only a few of these ended up to the DSA.
ما ترثه الزوجة من العرصة والأعيان في الفقه الامامي والقانون الوضعي
Authors: حسب خليل 
Published: June 2024

تؤكد هذه الدراسة على أحقية الزوجة في إرثها من تركة زوجها المتوفى من الاموال المنقولة، وليس لأحدٍ منعها من هذا الحق، وهو حقٌ فرضه الله في كتابه الكريم، إلا أنَّ المشكلة التي وقع الخلاف الفقهي حولها تكمن في حرمانها من الأموال غير المنقولة، كالعرصة والأعيان والرباع، وهي مسألة اختص بها الفقه الإمامي دون غيره من سائر المذاهب الاسلامية الأخرى، ونظراً لأهمية هذه الدراسة، فقد تناولته أقلام الفقهاء والباحثين والأكاديميين، بمختلف أنواع القراءات، ولازال البحث لم يبلغ منتهاه، كما لازال الخلاف قائماً بين الفقهاء في التكييف الفقهي لطبيعة وآلية الحرمان، خصوصاً من يرى أنَّ هذا المنع هو نوع من البخس لحقوق الزوجة أو انتقاص لمكانتها في قبال الزوج، ولأجل إزالة هذا الخلاف سعت دراستنا إلى مناقشة هذه الدراسة وفق معايير فقهية معاصرة، وقد توصلنا إلى نتائج يسعى الباحث إلى عرضها لتأخذ طريقها إلى التطبيق.
تقويم كتاب اللغة الانكليزية للصف الرابع الابتدائي(English for Iraq) وفقا لمعايير الجودة الشاملة من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة مشرفيها
Authors: عبد العزيز واثق 
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تقويم كتاب اللغة الانكليزية للصف الرابع الابتدائي من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة مشرفيها ، وتحديد مقترحات عينة البحث للتطوير هذا الكتاب.
من الإجابة عن السؤالين الآتيتين:
1-ما مدى توافر معايير الجودة الشاملة في كتاب اللغة الانكليزية للصف الرابع ابتدائي من وجهه نظر معلمي المادة ومشرفيها؟
2-ما وجهة نظر المعلمين والمشرفين ومقترحاتهم في تطوير وتحسين كتاب اللغة الانكليزية للصف الرابع الابتدائي و تدريس اللغة الانكليزية في العراق بصورة عامة؟
اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اختيرت عينة عشوائيا من معلمي اللغة الإنكليزية ومشرفيها ممثلة للمجتمع الاصلي بلغت (100) معلم ومعلمة و (10) مشرفين من المديرية العامة لتربية ميسان واعتمد الباحث الاستبانة اداة لبحثه، ووزعت الكترونيا على العينة تكونت الاستبانة من (64) فقرة موزعة على اربع محاور هي: (الاهداف , المحتوى , الأنَّشطة التعليمية , التقويم) ولمعالجة البيانات إحصائياً استعمل الباحث (النسب المئوية، ومربع كاي، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ، والأوساط المرجحة، والانحرافات المعيارية، والأوزان المئوية). وكانت نتيجة البحث أن معايير الجودة الشاملة في كتاب اللغة الإنكليزية للصف الرابع ابتدائي كأنت متحققة بدرجة ضعيفة.
أهوار جنوبي العراق وبعض الأنشطة الاقتصادية لسكانها
Authors: سعد كاظم 
Published: June 2024

تهدف الدراسة الى وضع تصور مهم عن اقليم الأهوار في جنوبي العراق من جانبين مهمين الاول رسم صورة الخصائص الجغرافية الطبيعية لمناطق الأهوار من حيث طريقة تكوينها اذ وضعت عدة فرضيات بهذا المجال اهمها ارتباطها الوثيق بفيضانات نهري دجلة والفرات التي تنتهي مياهما في تلك المناطق المنخفضة , كما تبين انه هناك خصائص مناخية مميزة لمناطق الأهوار من حيث درجات الحرارة والتبخر والرطوبة النسبية والامطار قد تختلف نسبياً عما هو سائد في مناطق السهل الرسوبي الأخرى في العراق , كما اوضحت الدراسة الاهمية القصوى لمصادر التغذية المائية للأهوار والتي اشتملت على الجداول المتفرعة من نهري دجلة والفرات فضلاً عن المجاري المائية المنحدرة من المرتفعات الايرانية من جهة الشرق. اما الجانب الثاني من هذا الدراسة فقد ركز على نشاطين مهمين يمارسهما سكان اهوار جنوبي العراق هما حرفتي صيد الطيور وصيد الاسماك اذ تبين بشكل واضح أن معطيات البيئة الطبيعية هناك هي التي اسهمت في توفير متطلبات هاتين حرفتي في المنطقة, كما أن تنوع الطيور والاسماك كان سبباً في تنوع طرائق صيدها التي يحرص السكان على اتباعها بشكل دقيق.
“[S]treite vnto my mirrour and my glas”: Disabled Ethos in Thomas Hoccleve’s “My Compleinte”
Authors: Cedillo Christina V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Invoking James J. Murphy’s reminder that we can still learn from people of the past, this article examines Thomas Hoccleve’s 1420 poem “My Compleinte” as an example of medieval “disability rhetorics,” or how disabled people themselves speak about disability and being disabled. In this poem, Hoccleve adapts the genre of the speculum principis (mirror for princes), which guides readers toward moral action, to depict his past mental breakdown and subsequent social alienation in order to exhort his former friends to amend their attitudes toward him. While disability as a concept and an identity proves anachronistic in relation to the Middle Ages, Hoccleve’s poem presents a vital case study in ethos construction driven by disability, reflecting some of the same rhetorical concerns facing disabled rhetors today despite the passage of time.
Killing the Messenger in Richard Coer de Lyon
Authors: Broaddus Elise 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reading the ars dictaminis as a medieval media theory that carefully accounts for the relationships the epistle generates between the text object and its users, this article examines the human body of the epistolary messenger as a locus of anxiety in both medieval rhetoricians’ theorizations of epistolarity and literary depictions of epistolarity. Letter-writing manuals—such as Guido Faba’s Summa dictaminis (ca. 1228–29), Thomas of Capua’s Ars dictandi (1216–20), and Conrad von Mure’s Summa de arte prosandi (1275–76)—emphasize the status of the letter as a material object, operating among and across human and nonhuman bodies in what is termed here the epistolary circuit. The messenger’s human body is a site of vulnerability to violence, particularly in romances, which often depict the subsumption of individual bodies into the machineries of statecraft. The titular hero of Richard Coer de Lyon (early fourteenth century) kills hostages and turns their bodies into pseudoepistles, parodying the complementary relationship between textual “body” and human body inherent in the epistolary circuit, as established in the reading offered here of the dictaminal treatises.