bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discretized analytical solution for fully coupled non‐linear simulation of heat and mass transfer in poroelastic unsaturated media
Authors: Malekzadeh F. Arfaei , Pak A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMathematical simulation of non‐isothermal multiphase flow in deformable unsaturated porous media is a complicated issue because of the need to employ multiple partial differential equations, the need to take into account mass and energy transfer between phases and because of the non‐linear nature of the governing partial differential equations. In this paper, an analytical solution for analyzing a fully coupled problem is presented for the one‐dimensional case where the coefficients of the system of equations are assumed to be constant for the entire domain. A major issue is the non‐linearity of the governing equations, which is not considered in the analytical solution. In order to introduce the non‐linearity of the equations, an iterative discretized procedure is used. The domain of the problem is divided into identical time–space elements that cover the time–space domain. A separate system of equations is defined for each element in the local coordinate system, the initial and boundary conditions for each element are obtained from the adjacent elements and the coefficients of the system of equations are considered to be constant in each step. There are seven governing differential equations that should be solved simultaneously: the equilibrium of the solid skeleton, mass conservation of fluids (water, water vapor and gas) and energy conservation of phases (solid, liquid and gas). The water vapor is not in equilibrium with water and different phases do not have the same temperature. The governing equations that have been solved seem to be the most comprehensive in this field. Three examples are presented for analyzing heat and mass transfer in a semi‐infinite column of unsaturated soil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spiritual care: is it the nurse's role?
Authors: Baldacchino Donia R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper argues that although health‐care professionals claim to deliver holistic care, spirituality is overlooked. This may be because of lack of recognition of this role in nursing and secularization of the contemporary society. The findings of this descriptive exploratory study originated from nurses (n = 77), chaplains (n = 71) and patients with myocardial infarction (n = 53). Spiritual care was perceived as an integral part of the nurse's role in liaison with the interdisciplinary team. While taking into consideration the factors which may inhibit or enhance the delivery of spiritual care, recommendations address further research, education and management of patient care. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alzheimer's Disease Anti‐Inflammatory Prevention Trial: Design, methods, and baseline results
Authors:   ADAPT Research Group
Published: March 2009

BackgroundThe Alzheimer's Disease Anti‐inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT) was designed to address whether non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsADAPT was a randomized, double‐placebo‐controlled, multicenter chemoprevention trial conducted at six U.S. dementia research clinics. At entry, participants were required to test “normal” on a battery of cognitive tests and to be age 70+ with a family history of Alzheimer‐like dementia. Persons were randomly assigned to 200 mg b.i.d. celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer), 220 mg b.i.d. naproxen sodium (Aleve, Bayer), or placebo. The primary outcome measure was AD. Secondary outcome measures were cognitive decline and measures related to safety of the treatments when used long term. ADAPT was designed to detect a 30% reduction in AD incidence with 80% power. The estimated sample size requirement was 2,625.ResultsEnrollment began in March 2001 and ended in December 2004 when treatments were suspended because of concerns regarding cardiovascular safety of the treatments. Followup ranged from 1 to 46 months. The achieved enrollment was 2,528. Recruitment was achieved primarily via mailings to people aged 70+ living in the catchment areas of the six field sites.
Laser‐induced hyperthermia for treatment of granulation tissue growth in rats
Authors: Landsberg Roee , DeRowe Ari , Katzir Abraham , Shtabsky Alexander , Fliss Dan M. , Gil Ziv 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a new technique for treatment of granulation tissue (GT) growth using local hyperthermia.MethodsA temperature‐controlled diode laser system was developed for induction of mild hyperthermia in real time. GT was generated by harvesting the skin over the gluteal fascia in rats. Histopathological analysis was used to estimate the effect of hyperthermia on the tissue.ResultsIn untreated rats, GT was detected within 3 days and reached maximal thickness after 12 days. Hyperthermia at 43°C and above significantly decreased GT thickness (n = 8 per group). Hyperthermia at 48°C for 3 minutes was the most efficient parameter for treatment of GT (51% reduction), with minimal (5%) muscle necrosis.ConclusionsHyperthermia can significantly inhibit GT growth, with minimal damage to surrounding structures. Our findings suggest a possible role for hyperthermia as a therapeutic model against GT. Further research and long‐term studies are needed to explore the utility of laser‐induced hyperthermia for inhibition of GT growth.
Electronystagmography in migraine equivalent syndrome
Authors: Mora Renzo , Dellepiane Massimo , Barettini Luciano , Crippa Barbara , Salami Angelo 
Published: March 2009

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of electronystagmography testing in the diagnosis of vertigo in children with migraine equivalent syndrome.Study DesignThe investigation included 20 children with “migraine equivalent syndrome” (group A), characterized by benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood. As a control group, 50 healthy children were identified.Subjects and MethodsAll the subjects underwent rotatory vestibular stimulation by stop test, optokinetic stimulation, and simultaneous postrotatory vestibular and optokinetic stimulations (VVOR).ResultsFor the analysis of the results, we considered nystagmus mean gain and direction of visual‐vestibular‐ocular‐reflex (VVOR) nystagmus. In group A, all the children presented a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR). In the control group, all the subjects presented a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to optokinetic nystagmus (OKN).ConclusionIn the healthy patients, VVOR nystagmus is always homodirectional to OKN and indicates the optokinetic system prevalence on VOR. The presence of a VVOR nystagmus homodirectional to VOR indicates the absence of the optokinetic system prevalence due to a central nervous system (CNS) modification and highlights a CNS disease. Our data highlight a possible correlation between CNS disorders and migraine equivalent syndrome.
The effects of allergens and tobacco smoke on the laryngeal mucosa of guinea pigs
Authors: Mouadeb Debbie A. , Belafsky Peter C. , Birchall Martin , Hood Carol , Konia Thomas , Pinkerton Kent E. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and house dust mite allergen (HDMA) on the laryngeal mucosa of guinea pigs.Study DesignProspective, controlled animal study.Subjects and MethodsSixteen juvenile guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) filtered air, (2) HDMA, (3) ETS, and (4) ETS and HDMA. The mucosal response of retrieved larynges was measured by eosinophil grade and stored mucin index.ResultsHDMA exposure increased eosinophil grade in the supraglottis. The mean eosinophil grade in the supraglottis was 1.25 (±1.26) in the filtered air group. The grade increased to 3.60 (±0.89) in the HDMA group (P = 0.021) and 3.00 (±1.16) in the ETS/HDMA group (P = 0.078). HDMA and ETS exposure was associated with increased mucin index in the subglottis. The grade increased from 1.50 (±1.73) in the control group to 3.25 (±0.50) in the ETS, 2.80 (±1.64) in the HDMA, and 3.25 (±0.50) in the ETS/HDMA group (P < 0.05).ConclusionExposure to HDMA was associated with eosinophilia in the supraglottis. Exposure to HDMA and ETS was associated with elevated mucin in the subglottis. These results provide further evidence that ETS and inhaled allergens may play a role in the development of chronic laryngitis.
Conservative management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation in head and neck cancer patients with esophageal stricture
Authors: Mao Johnny C. , Kayali Foaz M. , Dworkin James P. , Stachler Robert J. , Mathog Robert H. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of conservative management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation following dilatation of a stricture secondary to the treatment of head and neck cancer.Study DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective chart review of 24 patients with esophageal perforation treated at the Detroit Medical Center from 1999 to 2008. Of these, eight head and neck cancer patients had esophageal stricture and underwent dilatation with subsequent esophageal perforation.ResultsSix patients were managed conservatively; two were managed surgically. All eight patients had radiation, six had chemotherapy, and five had surgery as part of their oncologic treatment. Stricture site was at the cricopharyngeus or neopharynx. Perforation size was estimated at 3 to 7 mm in conservative patients and approximately 10 mm in surgical patients. All patients survived to be discharged from the hospital and diet was tube feeds.ConclusionIn head and neck cancer patients with post‐treatment esophageal stricture, iatrogenic cervical esophageal perforations can often be safely managed conservatively. The criteria are: prompt diagnosis within one hour, small perforation (3–7 mm), penetrating type of perforation with circumferential mucosal contact, proximal or cervical esophageal location, and stabilization and improvement of clinical signs and symptoms for 24 hours after initial ICU management.
Comparative life tables of leek moth,Acrolepiopsis assectella(Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), in its native range
Authors: Jenner W.H. , Kuhlmann U. , Mason P.G. , Cappuccino N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLeek moth,Acrolepiopsis assectella(Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), is an invasive alien species in eastern Canada, the larvae of which mine the green tissues ofAlliumspp. This study was designed to construct and analyse life tables for leek moth within its native range. Stage-specific mortality rates were estimated for the third leek moth generation at three sites in Switzerland from 2004 to 2006 to identify some of the principle factors that inhibit leek moth population growth in areas of low pest density. The contribution of natural enemies to leek moth mortality was measured by comparing mortality on caged and uncaged leeks. Total pre-imaginal mortality on uncaged plants was 99.6%, 99.1% and 96.4% in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Variation in mortality was greater among years than among sites. Total larval mortality was greater than that in the eggs and pupae. This was due largely to the high mortality (up to 83.3%) of neonates during the brief period between egg hatch and establishment of the feeding mine. Leek moth pupal mortality was significantly greater on uncaged than on caged leeks, indicating an impact by natural enemies, and this pattern was consistent over all three years of study. In contrast, the other life stages did not show consistently higher mortality rates on uncaged plants. This observation suggests that the pupal stage may be particularly vulnerable to natural enemies and, therefore, may be the best target for classical biological control in Canada.
Phonological changes during the transition from one-word to productive word combination
Authors: AOYAMA KATSURA , PETERS ANN M. , WINCHESTER KIMBERLY S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWe investigated developmental changes during the transition from one-word to two-word production, focusing on strategies to lengthen utterances phonologically and to control utterances suprasegmentally. We hypothesized that there is a period of reorganization at the onset of word combinations indicated by decreases in both filler syllables (Fillers) and final syllable lengthening (FSL). The data are from a visually impaired child (Seth) between 1 ; 6.21 and 1 ; 10.26. Seth produced many Fillers until 1 ; 9 when their number decreased for about two weeks after which they changed in nature. FSL was observed until 1 ; 8, but diminished at 1 ; 9. These two regressions coincide with the onset of word combination.
Identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy by contractile reserve during stress echocardiography
Authors: Ciampi Quirino , Pratali Lorenza , Citro Rodolfo , Piacenti Marcello , Villari Bruno , Picano Eugenio 
Published: March 2009

AimsThe identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains a challenge. We assessed the role of dyssynchrony (DYS) and contractile reserve (CR) in identifying CRT responders.Methods and resultsSixty‐nine patients (55% with ischaemic aetiology) referred for CRT (ejection fraction ≤35%, New York Heart Association ≥III, and QRS duration ≥120 ms) underwent baseline evaluation of DYS and dobutamine stress‐echo [up to 40 µg/kg/min: CR was defined as a wall motion score index (WMSI) variation ≥0.20]. CRT responders were identified by clinical and/or echocardiographic [end‐systolic volume (ESV) decrease ≥15%] follow‐up criteria. During a median follow‐up of 11 months, 46 patients (66%) were classified as clinical responders. Reverse remodelling was found in 34 of the 59 patients (58%) with echocardiographic follow‐up. CR was present in 78% of clinical responders (P = 0.001) and in 69% with reverse remodelling (P = 0.005). DYS was equally present in the two groups. Reverse remodelling was correlated with rest–stress changes in ESV (r = 0.439, P = 0.003) and in WMSI (r = 0.450, P = 0.001), but not with DYS. CR (OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.4–27.6, P = 0.015) was the best predictor of response to CRT.ConclusionPatients with CR show a favourable clinical and reverse LV remodelling response to CRT. This finding shifts the focus from electrical (dyssynchrony) to the myocardial substrate of functional response.
Refinement of a quantitative trait locus on equine chromosome 5 responsible for fetlock osteochondrosis in Hanoverian warmblood horses
Authors: Lampe V. , Dierks C. , Distl O. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryIn this report, we provide 29 new informative microsatellites distributed over a region of 21 Mb on horse chromosome (ECA) 5 and refine a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fetlock osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) to a genome‐wide significant interval between 78.03 and 90.23 Mb on ECA5. Genotyping was performed in 211 Hanoverian warmblood horses from 14 paternal half‐sib groups. Within this OCD‐QTL, collagen type XXIV alpha 1 was identified as a potential functional candidate gene for equine osteochondrosis. This report is a further step towards unravelling the genes that cause equine osteochondrosis.
Female segregation patterns of the putative Y‐chromosome‐specific microsatellite markers INRA124 and INRA126 do not support their use for cattle population studies
Authors: Pérez‐Pardal L. , Royo L. J. , Álvarez I. , Ponce de León F. A. , Fernández I. , Casais R. , Goyache F. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryHere we tested the segregation and paternal compatibility of markers INRA124 and INRA126 on female DNA in 10 different cattle families, in order to clarify the usefulness of these microsatellites for the study of male‐mediated population processes in cattle. Their performance was compared with that of four microsatellites located in the PAR‐BTAY (UMN0108, UMN0803, UMN0929 and UMN0905) and another one male‐specific microsatellite (INRA189). INRA124 and INRA126 amplified the same sized fragment in both sexes. Same size alleles were sequenced and the high homology found allowed us to rule out non‐specific female amplification. INRA124 showed full parental compatibility, whilst the locus INRA126 showed 55% parental incompatibility. Based on these observations, it is recommended that markers INRA124 and INRA126 should not be used in studies to characterize male‐mediated genetic events in cattle.
Tryptophan synthesis block‐associated sugar response, a physiological marker for rapid selection of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants, marked with feedback‐inhibition‐insensitive anthranilate synthase gene
Authors: Nonomura T. , Komaki S. , Xu L. , Moriura N. , Ioroi H. , Takashima S. , Kakutani K. , Takikawa Y. , Matsuda Y. , Toyoda H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe feedback‐insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) gene was used as a selection marker for transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutant gene (mAS1‐2) was constructed by substituting nucleotide at the effector‐binding site of the intrinsic AS gene via PCR‐mediated site‐directed mutagenesis and flanked with the myrosinase promoter pyk10 to drive its expression during initial root elongation. This inducible gene cassette was first introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then delivered into A. thaliana by floral‐dip inoculation. 5‐methyltryptophan (5‐MT) inhibited AS and suppressed seedling growth of wild type plants as a result of tryptophan starvation. With the addition of sucrose (10 mg/ml), 5‐MT inhibited cotyledon opening and caused anthocyanin to accumulate in juvenile seedlings. The present mutant reversed the tryptophan starvation caused by 5‐MT and blocked subsequent sugar responses. The sugar responses were detected in non‐transformed plants grown on a selection medium containing 10 mg/ml of sucrose and 10 μg/ml of 5‐MT after 3 days of incubation. Thus, true transformants could be selected after a short incubation, compared to the conventional kanamycin‐selection method that did not eliminate all non‐transformed plants.
Characterization of three wheat cultivars possessing new 1BL.1RS wheat‐rye translocations
Authors: Tang Z. X. , Fu S. L. , Ren Z. L. , Zhang H. Q. , Yang Z. J. , Yan B. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe wheat‐rye 1BL.1RS translocation chromosomes have been used widely around the world in commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production because of the presence of several disease resistance genes and a yield enhancement factor on the rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome. However, the recent reports of the loss of complete effectiveness of the disease resistance genes on the most commonly used 1BL.1RS chromosome have highlighted the need to seek and deploy additional sources of disease resistance genes. Three new sibling wheat cultivars, ‘CN12’, ‘CN17’ and ‘CN18’, were developed carrying 1RS arms derived from the rye inbred line L155. Genomic in situ hybridization and C‐banding analysis revealed that all the three cultivars contained the rye chromosome 1RS arm fused to the wheat 1BL wheat chromosome arm. The three cultivars displayed high yields and high resistance to local powdery mildew and stripe rust pathotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated the different structure of 1BL.1RS chromosome between ‘CN18’ and the other two cultivars. The present study provides a new 1RS resource for wheat improvement.
Screening for frost tolerance in wheat using the expression of dehydrine genes Wcs120 and Wdhn13 at 17°C
Authors: Holková L. , Prášil I.‐T. , Bradáčová M. , Vítámvás P. , Chloupek O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCold induces expression of Cor/Lea genes, in particular of Wcs120 and Wdhn13. The level of the expression at low temperatures was related to the frost tolerance (FT) of wheat cultivars. We studied the expression in five cultivars very different in the FT, at relatively high temperature of 17 and 25°C, respectively. Significant correlations at the 1% level were found at 17°C between the expression level and FT, characterized by correlation coefficients 0.92** and 0.97** for Wcs120 and Wdhn13, respectively. These preliminary results could be used for screening of frost tolerant lines.
A GUTLESS ADENOVIRAL VECTOR EXPRESSING FULL‐LENGTH ANTI‐Her2 ANTIBODY
Authors: Jiang Ming‐Hong , Chen Lin , Li Lin‐Fang , Wu Hong‐Ping , Jiang Li‐Hua , Qian Yan‐Zhen , Fang Guo‐En , Xue Xu‐Chao 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARY

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are increasingly being used in clinical cancer treatment, but their complex technology and high cost limit their use. Helper‐dependent (HD) adenoviruses are among the most efficient and safe gene therapy vectors capable of mediating long‐term expression.
Using Gateway (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA) cloning technology, we constructed an HD–trastuzumab (TAb) plasmid carrying the full‐length anti‐HER2 antibody gene. Using an efficient recombinase, namely in vitro‐evolved Flippase‐expressing recombinase, to excise the helper virus packaging signal in producer cells, we developed a scalable HD vector production method. Antibody expression of HD‐TAb in vitro was detected by ELISA and western blot.
The full‐length antibody gene delivery system allowed for continuous production of a full‐length antibody at a high concentration. Bioactive antibody macromolecules were generated via gene transfer in vitro.
In conclusion, HD adenoviral vectors can stably express a full‐length antibody for prolonged periods without the difficulties associated with sophisticated antibody manufacture techniques and at a much lower cost. As a promising tool for gene therapy, this novel system can shorten the duration and reduce the expense of antibody development.
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is associated with β‐catenin in ventricular myocytes during myocardial infarction in the rat
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ping , Hang Peng‐Zhou , Sun Li‐Hua , Zhang Yong , Zhao Jin‐Long , Pan Zhen‐Wei , Ji Hong‐Rui , Wang Li‐An , Bi Hui , Du Zhi‐Min 
Published: March 2009

Summary1. The present study was designed to investigate whether the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) is associated with β‐catenin in the ventricular myocardium during ischaemic myocardial injury and to determine the possible mechanism/s involved.2. Rat hearts were subjected to coronary artery ligation for 1 and 6 h or 1 month to establish a myocardial ischaemia (MI) model. In the acute MI model, 16 rats were randomized into four groups: (i) control; (ii) ischaemia (rats were subjected to 20 min coronary occlusion); (iii) choline (10 mg/kg, i.v., choline chloride, an M3 receptor agonist, was administered 15 min before occlusion); and (iv) 4‐diphenylacetoxy‐N‐methylpiperidine methiodide (4‐DAMP; 0.12 mg/kg 4‐DAMP, an M3 receptor antagonist, was administered 20 min before occlusion, followed 5 min later by 10 mg/kg, i.v., choline chloride). Immunochemistry, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation were used to determine the expression and localization of β‐catenin and the M3 mAChR.3. Myocardial ischaemia caused a time‐dependent increase in the expression of β‐catenin. Moreover, a physical association was found between β‐catenin and the M3 mAChR in intercalated discs. This association was enhanced by prolonged ischaemia. Administration of choline before ischaemia not only increased β‐catenin expression, but also strengthened the association between β‐catenin and the M3 mAChR. However, blockade of M3 mAChR by 4‐DAMP completely inhibited the effect of choline on the expression of β‐catenin. In addition, MI increased phosphorylation of the M3 mAChR.4. The results indicate that increased β‐catenin activity is associated with M3 mAChR during MI. This association is likely to play a role in heart signal transduction during ischaemia between neighbouring ventricular myocardiocum.