bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of hippocampal adult neurogenesis by CDRI‐08 (Bacopa monnieri extract) relates with the recovery of BDNF–TrkB levels in male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Mallick Debasmit , Acharjee Arup , Acharjee Papia , Trigun Surendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModulation of in vivo adult neurogenesis (AN) is an evolving concept in managing neurodegenerative diseases. CDRI‐08, a bacoside‐enriched fraction of Bacopa monnieri, has been demonstrated for its neuroprotective actions, but its effect on AN remains unexplored. This article describes the status of AN by monitoring neuronal stem cells (NSCs) proliferation, differentiation/maturation markers and BDNF–TrkB levels (NSCs signalling players) vs. the level of neurodegeneration and their modulations by CDRI‐08 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy (MoHE). For NSC proliferation, 10 mg/kg b.w. 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered i.p. during the last 3 days, and for the NSC differentiation study, it was given during the first 3 days to the control, the MoHE (developed by 100 mg/kg b.w. of thioacetamide i.p. up to 10 days) and to the MoHE male rats co‐treated with 350 mg/kg b.w. CDRI‐08. Compared with the control rats, the hippocampus DG region of MoHE rats showed significant decreases in the number of Nestin+/BrdU+ and SOX2+/BrdU+ (proliferating) and DCX+/BrdU+ and NeuN+/BrdU+ (differentiating) NSCs. This was consistent with a similar decline in BDNF+/TrkB+ NSCs. However, all these NSC marker positive cells were observed to be recovered to their control levels, with a concordant restoration of total cell numbers in the DG of the CDRI‐08‐treated MoHE rats. The findings suggest that the restoration of hippocampal AN by CDRI‐08 is consistent with the recovery of BDNF–TrkB‐expressing NSCs in the MoHE rat model of neurodegeneration.
Infilling of high‐dimensional rainfall networks through multiple imputation by chained equations
Authors: O'Sullivan Brian , Kelly Gabrielle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate precipitation records are an essential component when monitoring the climate and studying its changes. However, analysis is typically limited by the large quantities of missing values present. This article proposes two new imputation techniques for incomplete monthly data collected from a rainfall monitoring network in the Republic of Ireland from 1981 to 2010. The data considered is high‐dimensional due to the large number of over 1100 rain gauge stations present, and the methods presented are designed to handle such cases. These are Elastic‐Net Chained Equations (ENCE) and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations with Direct use of Regularized Regression by elastic‐net (MICE DURR). Both methods predict missing data by a series of regularized regression models, where MICE DURR differs from ENCE by also using multiple imputation. Through various evaluations across different levels of missingness, ENCE and MICE DURR consistently outperformed existing imputation methods in terms of RMSE and . Moreover, they have provided the best results both seasonally and for accurately predicting extreme values. An RMSE of 14.16 and 14.17 mm per month were reported for ENCE and MICE DURR, respectively, when stations that were at least 50% complete during the study period were included. For increasingly sparser data, the imputation accuracy achieved from MICE DURR surpasses ENCE, demonstrating the efficacy of multiple imputation when handling a substantial amount of missing data. Validation metrics indicate that these methods compare very favourably to existing methods in the literature, such as those that use random forests or multiple linear regression.
Anisotropic stress observation of 4H‐SiC trench metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor test structures by scanning near‐field optical Raman microscope
Authors: Yoshikawa Masanobu , Murakami Masataka , Ushida Tomoyuki , Samejima Junichiro , Mitsuzawa Kana , Matoba Nobuhiro , Lim Minwho , Rusch Oleg , Rommel Mathias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prepared two types of trench‐test metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) structures on m‐ and a‐faces in 4H silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) and investigated the anisotropic stress distribution of small trenches with a depth of 1 μm using a scanning near‐field optical Raman microscope (SNOM) that we developed. The stress distributions of σ11 (a‐axis) under the bottom of the trench for m‐face were approximately 100 MPa larger than those for a‐face, and the stress distributions of σ33 (c‐axis) under the bottom of the trench for m‐face were almost the same as those for a‐face. The experimental result agrees well with that calculated by the finite element method (FEM). These results indicate that the anisotropic stress distributions of σ11 components around the apex of the trenches of 4H‐SiC trench‐test MOSFET occur in m‐ and a‐faces. Thus, it is possible that the differences in mobilities for m‐ and a‐faces might be caused by the anisotropic stresses.
Resonance Raman studies on phonon softening, phonon lifetime, Fano resonance, and multipeak analysis of MoS2 nanoflakes
Authors: Balagopalan Susmitha , Karthikeyan Balasubramanian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the resonance Raman spectra of hydrothermally produced 2H‐MoS2 nanoflakes excited by a 633‐nm laser were examined. Spectral observations include both fundamental MoS2 modes and additional Raman lines, which arise from alterations in the energy states of the semiconductor owing to the incidence of laser radiation. Phonon softening and alterations in the phonon lifetime were computed for different laser powers. The Fano resonance, which causes asymmetry in the Raman spectral lines, was analyzed at different laser powers. The Fano line‐shape function is used to fit the asymmetry in the in‐plane vibrational mode whereas multi‐peak fitting using the Fano‐Lorentzian function is used to fit the out‐of‐the‐plane fundamental mode, which is coupled with “b” mode. A direct study of the electron–phonon interaction was carried out with the “b” mode. The shift in laser wavenumber was then investigated using the 2LA(M) modes observed in the resonance Raman spectra. These findings provide new optoelectronic device designers with an understanding of the intricate electron–phonon interactions in transition metal dichalcogenides.
Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy study of rapid compressed silicon and its potential as a Raman pressure scale in a dynamic diamond anvil cell
Authors: Chen XiaoHui , Zhang Yi , Liu Lei , Ye Shijia , Li Shourui , Jing Qiumin , Gao Junjie , Wang Hao , Lin Chuanlong , Li Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nature of the nonequilibrium states of materials upon rapid compression/decompression processes in the intermediate regime, between static and shock compression, is an emerging field of high pressure research. Rapid compression experiments were performed to examine the structural response of silicon (Si) up to 11 GPa and over compression rates ranging from 0.011 to 0.325 GPa/s, using a piezo‐driven dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) coupled with time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy. The observed structural stability and the remarkable consistency in the pressure‐dependent Raman shift of the diamond cubic Si (Si‐I) showed its high potential as a Raman pressure scale for compression rate below 0.325 GPa/s. The validity of the derived Si scale was verified by in situ continuously monitoring pressure of two rapid compressed samples, that is, gypsum and ZnO. Results indicated that pressures determined using Si were in good agreement with those estimated from the ruby scale. Success in pressure calibration with Si, during time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy measurements of material under rapid compression using a dDAC, will greatly simplify the required hardware system in home‐laboratory and may also help in reaching a higher signal‐to‐noise in Raman measurement on a short time scale.
Expanding the horizons: Raman probe development and spectra preprocessing evaluation for recognition of large hydroxyapatite‐based samples
Authors: Pessanha Sofia , Otel Iulian , Vassilenko Valentina , Silveira João M. , Ribeiro Paulo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge posed by the size of certain objects that do not conform to the constraints of microscope‐coupled Raman spectrometers, making sample collection impossible due to their inherent value or nature. Specifically, materials like hydroxyapatite‐based substances used in artistic and ornamental carvings, such as bone or ivory, fall within this problematic category. The focus of this study is the enhancement of analytical capabilities in the context of large objects using a Raman microscope system. The study details the innovation involving a remote probe integrated with fiber optics, elaborating on the design and performance aspects, and emphasizing the appropriateness of chosen components in the analysis of ivory artifacts belonging to private collectors. In order to assess the robustness of our discriminative approaches, an archaeological bone and the exposed dentine in a human tooth were also evaluated and compared. Results showed that using an 805‐nm longpass dichroic mirror successfully directed the near‐infrared laser onto the samples and significantly suppressed the Rayleigh scattering contribution to the spectrum. Regarding the preprocessing methods to spectra evaluation essayed, the most promising approach was the use of principal component analysis for dimension reduction followed by k‐means cluster analysis. By leveraging the complementary strengths of PCA and k‐means clustering, the robustness and interpretability of clustering analyses are enhanced.
Effects of water and exogenous glucose on apple seedling growth and soil enzyme activity in semiarid area
Authors: Yang Pingguo , Liu Jian , Shi Xiaorong , Long Huaiyu , Li Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoil water and organic carbon (C) are key factors affecting the growth and development of apple seedlings. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different soil moisture and glucose supplies on apple seedling growth and soil enzyme activities. We hypothesized that the growth of apple seedlings was affected by soil water and C content through their effects on root structure, plant physiological properties and soil enzymatic activities. A pot experiment consisting of nine treatments was set up, including three water treatments with soil moisture contents at 75–85% (normal irrigation, CK), 65–75% (light water stress, LS), and 55–65% (mild water stress, MS) of the soil field capacity, in combination with three glucose treatments with carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 7.5 (C1, no adding glucose), 10 (C2) and 15 (C3), respectively.ResultsResults showed that the LSC2 treatment significantly increased plant height by 7%, stem diameter by 5% and leaf area by 17%, as compared with LSC1. Also, LSC2 significantly increased root dry weight, root vitality and soil enzyme activities. Moreover, results of leaf photosynthetic, malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline contents also proved that adding glucose improved the drought resistance of plants.ConclusionLSC2 treatment is more conducive to the growth of apple seedlings, and application of carbon has a good alleviation effect on plant water stress. The study demonstrated that addition of exogenous glucose alleviated light water deficiency, significantly affected root vitality, and promoted apple seedling growth. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Why clinical trials in disc regeneration strive to achieve completion: Insights from publication status and funding sources
Authors: Ambrosio Luca , Petrucci Giorgia , Russo Fabrizio , Cicione Claudia , Papalia Rocco , Vadalà Gianluca , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic discogenic low back pain (LBP) poses a significant global burden, yet effective therapeutic interventions directly targeting the underlying degenerative process remain elusive. After demonstrating promising results in preclinical studies, intradiscal injection of cell‐based treatments has been increasingly investigated in the clinical setting. However, most clinical trials failed to reach publication, with the few available reports showing only minor improvements. The aim of this study was to analyze the prospective clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov investigating cell therapies for LBP, with a specific emphasis on identifying critical obstacles hindering study completion, including trial design and funding sources.MethodsA systematic search of prospective clinical trials investigating cell‐based treatments for chronic LBP due to intervertebral disc degeneration was performed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Extracted data encompassed study design, recruitment, experimental treatment modalities, investigated outcomes, current status, completion date, publication status, and funding sources. Fisher's exact test assessed associations between categorical variables, while a multiple logistic regression model aimed to identify factors potentially linked to the publication status of the studies.ResultsOur search identified 26 clinical trials. Among these, only 7 (26.9%) were published, and none of the other studies marked as completed reported any results on ClinicalTrials.gov. Fifty percent of included trials were funded by universities, whereas the rest was sponsored by industry (38.5%) or private institutions (11.5%). Experimental treatments primarily involved cell‐based or cell‐derived products of varying sources and concentrations. Products containing carriers, such as hyaluronic acid or fibrin, were more frequently funded by industry and private organizations (p = 0.0112). No significant differences emerged when comparing published and nonpublished studies based on funding, as well as between publication status and other variables.ConclusionMost clinical trials exploring cell‐based disc regenerative therapies for chronic LBP have never reached completion, with only a small fraction reporting preliminary data in publications.
The stock characters in the editorial boards of journals run by predatory publishers
Authors: Downes Mike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study sets out to detail the deceptive practice of including stock characters in the editorial boards of journals run by predatory publishers. Stock characters are defined by the author as those that currently (2023) appear 20 or more times on these editorial boards. Predatory publishers are in turn defined by the author as open access publishers in violation of three or more out of eight egregiously ‘fatal’ criteria such as identity theft and token (or no) peer review. Stock characters (and stolen academic names and affiliations in general) are included in editorial boards to give them an unwarranted appearance of quality and excellence. Ninety‐six of these stock characters were identified, with their numbers of board memberships ranging from 20 to 503 in the current year (2023). Some were cases of total identity theft, some partial identity theft, and some willing compliance. Academics in the latter category could also have records of publications with the predatory publishers in question. Universities typically warn staff and postgraduate students about the dangers of engaging with predatory publishers, but they can be unresponsive or otherwise negative when alerted to instances of such engagements involving their staff.
Integrated Ultra‐Wideband Dynamic Microwave Frequency Identification System in Lithium Niobate on Insulator
Authors: Wang LiHeng , Han Zhen , Zheng Yong , Zhang Pu , Jiang YongHeng , Xiao HuiFu , Wang BinJie , Low Mei Xian , Dubey Aditya , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Ren Guanghui , Li Ming , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe capability to identify the frequency of unknown microwave signals with an ultra‐wide measurement bandwidth is highly desirable in radar astronomy, satellite communication, and 6G networks. Compared to electronic solutions, the integrated photonic technology‐enabled dynamic instantaneous frequency measurement (DIFM) approach is attractive as it offers unique advantages, such as ultra‐wide frequency measurement bandwidth, high flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, so far the bandwidth of the reported DIFM systems based on integrated photonic technology is limited to below 30 GHz due to the finite bandwidth of electro‐optical modulators (EOMs), limiting their applications, particularly in the field of millimeter wave technology (30–300 GHz). Here, the first integrated dynamic microwave instantaneous frequency measurement system with a record‐breaking operation bandwidth (ranging from 5 to 65 GHz) and low root‐mean‐square (RMS) error (≈300 MHz) is presented on the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) integrated photonic platform. This demonstration paves the way for high‐performance millimeter wave photonic integrated devices using the LNOI platform.
Synthesis of Aldehyde‐Functionalized Fluorescent Micelles by Self‐Assembly of a Hybrid Polymer Constructed by Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer Core with Aldehyde End groups and Polyethylene Glycol Shell
Authors: Tan Qinglan , Liang Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater‐dispersible fluorescent nano‐/microspheres have been widely used as fluorescent probes in many fields. In this paper, aldehyde‐functionalized fluorescent micelles are synthesized by self‐assembly of end‐modified hyperbranched poly(m‐phenyleneethynylene‐alter‐p‐phenyleneethynylene)(hb‐PMPE). First, hb‐PMPE with ‐Br end‐groups(hb‐PMPE‐Br) is obtained by the polymerization of AB2 monomer PhBr2–C≡C–Ph–C≡CH, then the reaction of hb‐PMPE‐Br with 4‐ethynylbenzaldehyde (EBA) gives end aldehyde‐functionalized hyperbranched polymer hb‐PMPE‐CHO. Hence, hb‐PMPE‐CHO is reacted with aminooxy methoxypolyethylene glycol‐2000 (NH2O‐MPEG2000) to link poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains to the ends of hb‐PMPE‐CHO with partial residual aldehyde end‐groups, resulting in aldehyde‐functionalized amphiphilic polymer hb‐PMPE‐PEG. Fluorescent micelles with aldehyde‐containing fluorescent hb‐PMPE core and PEG shell are obtained by self‐assembling hb‐PMPE‐PEG in water. The micelle diameter is determined by the PEG content in hb‐PMPE‐PEG, which can be controlled by the reaction weight ratio of NH2O‐MPEG2000/hb‐PMPE‐CHO. When the ratio of NH2O‐MPEG2000/hb‐PMPE‐CHO > 0.75/1, micelles with a diameter < 50 nm are obtained. The water dispersion of hb‐PMPE‐PEG‐1/2 micelles (28.9 nm) emits bright green fluorescence with λmax ≈ 490 nm under UV irradiation, and the emission intensity increases with increasing concentration.
Gut Epithelial Barrier Function is Impacted by Hyperglycemia and Secondary Bile Acids in Vitro: Possible Rescuing Effects of Specific Pectins
Authors: Tang Xin , Chen Xiaochen , Ferrari Michela , Walvoort Marthe T. C. , de Vos Paul 
Published: May 2024

Gut epithelial barrier disruption is commonly observed in Western diseases like diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Enhanced epithelial permeability triggers inflammatory responses and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Reduced bacterial diversity in IBD affects gut microbiota metabolism, altering microbial products such as secondary bile acids (BAs), which potentially play a role in gut barrier regulation and immunity. Dietary fibers such as pectin may substitute effects of these BAs.The study examines transepithelial electrical resistance of gut epithelial T84 cells and the gene expression of tight junctions after exposure to (un)sulfated secondary BAs. This is compared to the impact of the dietary fiber pectin with different degrees of methylation (DM) and blockiness (DB), with disruption induced by calcium ionophore A23187 under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions.Unsulfated lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) show a stronger rescuing effect, particularly evident under 20 mM glucose levels. DM19 with high DB (HB) and DM43HB pectin exhibit rescuing effects under both glucose conditions. Notably, DM19HB and DM43HB display higher rescue effects under 20 mM glucose compared to 5 mM glucose. The study demonstrates that specific pectins such as DM19HB and DM43HB may serve as alternatives for preventing barrier disruption in the case of disturbed DCA metabolism.
Living with non‐cardiac chest pain – An inductive qualitative interview study of spouses' perspectives
Authors: Eriksson‐Liebon Magda , Kärner Köhler Anita , Johansson Peter , Mourad Ghassan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo explore spouses’ experiences of living with a partner suffering from non‐cardiac chest pain (NCPP).DesignAn inductive qualitative study.MethodsIndividual interviews (n = 10) were performed with spouses of partners having NCCP and cardiac anxiety. The analysis was performed according to Patton's guide for content analysis of qualitative data.ResultsThree categories and seven subcategories were identified. First, ‘a feeling of being neglected’, where spouses felt ignored by healthcare professionals and excluded by their partners. Secondly, ‘a tension between hope and despair’ encompassed feelings of faith, support, unpreparedness for chest pain and situational frustration. Lastly, in ‘a threat to ordinary life’, spouses noted chest pain‐induced changes impacting daily life, finances, leisure and relationships. To conclude, NCCP in partners significantly affects their spouses emotionally and practically. Spouses felt neglected and isolated, oscillating between hope and despair and experiencing faith, powerlessness and frustration. They also faced challenges in daily life and relationships.
Infantile pyknocytosis, a neonatal hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies: A cohort study
Authors: Drouilly Marie , Jourdan Laurélia , Gérard Delphine , Russello Jennifer , Bobée Victor , Audouy Alexia , Phulpin Aurélie , Perrin Julien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInfantile pyknocytosis (IP) is a rare, probably misestimated, cause of non‐immune neonatal hemolytic anemia evolving in two phases: an initial phase with severe jaundice, followed by a second phase with hemolytic anemia, which may require neonatal intensive care. The diagnosis of IP is based on the transient presence on blood smear of hyperdense, contracted, and/or spiculated red blood cells (pyknocytes), associated with the spontaneous resolution of clinico‐biological features and the exclusion of other causes. If the etiology remains undetermined, some contributing factors, such as oxidative stress, have been proposed. We report the description of 16 patients with IP aiming at clarifying the circumstances associated with the development of this acquired disorder. In the acute phase, the mean hemoglobin nadir and pyknocyte count were 7.8 g/dL and 11%, respectively, and strikingly, Heinz bodies were evident in 50% of the newborns, but in 100% after prolonged incubation (4 hours). A high proportion of Mediterranean or African ancestry was noted in newborns, as well as a significant number of peripartum events, such as respiratory distress. If the etiology of IP is certainly multifactorial, our series reinforces the role of oxidative stress, which may, at least in part, find origin in desaturation episodes in newborns.