bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discrete time crystal order in the driven Ising model: thermal effects, jamming analogy and quench dynamics
Authors: Jeong Kangeun , Kim Bongsoo , Jong Lee Sung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the emergence of a discrete time crystalline (DTC) order and its stability against thermal fluctuations in a driven kinetic Ising model on a two-dimensional square lattice using the drive protocol invented in a recent work (Gambetta et al 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 060105(R)). The DTC order is found to be quite robust in the presence of thermal fluctuations. We construct the resulting three-dimensional phase diagram for the DTC order, which manifests a striking resemblance to the jamming phase diagram proposed by Liu and Nagel. This finding may suggest a new way to view the DTC order as a new type of nonequilibrium soft matter. The quench dynamics exhibits a unique feature due to the nature of the employed drive protocol, namely, breakdown of the inverse relationship between the domain growth and defect relaxation, which holds in the usual quench dynamics of the kinetic Ising model.
A prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit with an asynchronous current-pulse reset block providing analog-to-digital conversion in 28 nm CMOS
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Piotr , Kmon Piotr 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit (REMIC) fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process. The chip operates in a single-photon counting (SPC) mode and contains 100 pixels with a size of 50 μm × 50 μm. It is designed for precise energy measurements using asynchronous analogue-to-digital conversion. The proposed architecture allows both fast signal processing and precise energy measurement of incoming photons to be performed independently in each pixel, occupying a small pixel area. The integrated circuit (IC) has dimensions of 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm and is currently undergoing preliminary measurements. The paper focuses on the methodology used to mitigate process variations in each of the recording channels.
Simulation of a semiconductor voxelized helmet brain PET scanner
Authors: Kolstein Machiel , Chmeissani Mokhtar , Saini Divya , Miramón Juan Carlos Martín 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mental deterioration that severely impacts memory, disrupts brain functionality and induces physical changes to the brain.
It is at present an incurable disease but a timely diagnosis of AD can help to slow down its progression.
Invasive methods to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly being used for the diagnosis of AD.
Alternatively, because of the growing effort in trying to detect the early markers of AD,
nowadays there are many neuroimaging projects developing
non-invasive dedicated brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanners with a helmet shape.
In this work, a helmet shaped brain PET is proposed with high spatial and energy resolutions, which could play a vital role in the early diagnosis of AD.
It consists of highly 3D segmented detector modules with a density of more than 350 channels/cm3 and a seamless geometry based on trapezoidal-shaped modules equipped with semiconductor CdTe detectors.
The proposed helmet brain PET scanner has an axial field-of-view (FOV) of 154 mm, and inner and outer radii of 133 mm and 206 mm respectively.
Its performance has been evaluated via simulations based on NEMA protocols and compared to other brain PET scanners.
Additionally, brain PET/CT images in DICOM format were used for a more realistic and stringent test of the imaging quality of the proposed PET scanner and the reconstruction of regional FDG uptakes.
Results are presented that show that the proposed PET scanner
can detect deviations in uptake of 2% or larger from a reference image.
Study of polysterene based scintillator ageing in the DANSS experiment
Authors: Alekseev I. , Belov V. , Bystryakov A. , Danilov M. , Filosofov D. , Fomina M. , Gorovtsov P. , Iusko Ye. , Kazartsev S. , Kobyakin A. , Krapiva A. , Kuznetsov A. , Mashin N. , Machikhiliyan I. , Medvedev D. , Nesterov V. , Ponomarev D. , Rozova I. , Rumyantseva N. , Rusinov V. , Salamatin A. , Samigullin E. , Shevchik Ye. , Shirchenko M. , Shitov Yu. , Skrobova N. , Svirida D. , Tarkovsky E. , Yakovleva A. , Yakushev E. , Zhitnikov I. , Zinatulina D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
DANSS is a spectrometer for reactor antineutrinos based on
plastic scintillator. The sensitive volume of the detector is made
of 2500 polystyrene based scintillator plates with wavelength
shifting (WLS) fiber readout (strips). We present a study of the
light yield of strips during 6.5 years of DANSS continuous
running. Overall ageing at the rate
0.55 ± 0.05 (syst.) % per year is observed that is
considerably smaller than in other similar experiments. We also
observe the WLS fiber attenuation length shortening at the rate
0.26 ± 0.04(stat.) % per year.
Ultrafast gelling bioadhesive based on blood plasma and gelatin for wound closure and healing
Authors: Gupta Ritvesh , Verma Devendra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tissue adhesives offer a plethora of advantages in achieving efficient wound closure over conventional sutures and staples. Such materials are of great value, especially in cases where suturing could potentially damage tissues or compromise blood flow or in cases of hard-to-reach areas. Besides providing wound closure, the tissue adhesives must also facilitate wound healing. Previously, plasma-based tissue adhesives and similar bioinspired strategies have been utilized to aid in wound healing. Still, their application is constrained by factors such as high cost, diminished biocompatibility, prolonged gelation times, inadequate swelling, quick resorption, as well as short-term and inconsistent efficacy. To address these limitations, we report the development of a highly biocompatible and ultrafast-gelling tissue adhesive hydrogels. Freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma, heat-denatured freeze-dried platelet-poor plasma, and gelatin were utilized as the base matrix. Gelation was initiated by adding tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride. The fabricated gels displayed rapid gelation (3–4 s), low swelling, increased proliferation, and migration against L929 cells and had porcine skin tissue adhesion strength similar to that of plasma-based commercial glue (Tisseel®).
Global potential nitrogen recovery from anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues
Authors: Marconi Pietro , Rosa Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeeting the anticipated 50% increase in global food demand by 2050 requires a crucial reassessment of agricultural practices, particularly in terms of nitrogen fertilizers inputs. This study analyzes the technical potential of nitrogen recovery from livestock manure and crop residues, bringing attention to the often-overlooked resource of digestate derived from anaerobic digestion. Our analysis highlights the significant capacity of the anaerobic digestion process, yielding approximately 234 ± 5 million metric tons (Mt) of nitrogen annually, sourced 93% from livestock manure and 7% from crop residues. Additionally, we estimated that substituting synthetic nitrogen with nitrogen from anaerobic digestion has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% (185 Mt CO2-eqyr−1). Lastly, 2.5 billion people could be sustained by crops grown using nitrogen from anaerobic digestion of manure and crop residues rather than synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Although agricultural residues have double the technical potential of current synthetic nitrogen fertilizer production, 30% of croplands encounter difficulties in satisfying their nitrogen needs solely through crop residues and anaerobic digestion manure. This deficiency primarily results from inefficient reuse attributed to geographical mismatches between crop and livestock systems. This underscores the urgent need to reconnect livestock and cropping systems and facilitate the transport and reuse of manure in crop production. In conclusion, the mobilization of these large amounts of nitrogen from livestock manure and crop residues will require to overcome the nitrogen from anaerobic digestion green premium with incentives and subsidies.
Implementation of the SSH model in an optical ring resonator
Authors: Hotte-Kilburn Alexis , Bianucci Pablo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The implementation of physical models with topological features in optical systems has garnered much attention in recent times. In particular, on-chip integrated photonics platforms are promising platforms enabling us to take advantage of the promise of topologically robust modes against inevitable fabrication defects. Here, we propose to study the SSH model superimposed in an optical ring resonator in a quantitative way using electromagnetic simulations. We are interested in the localized states that appear when a topological phase transition is introduced into the ring. In particular, we examine the extent to which topologically protected modes maintain their properties in the presence of random deformations in the surrounding lattice. We find that the modes maintain their properties when small amounts of disorder are introduced into the system. We also study loss mechanisms in the localized states, distinguishing between losses to the adjacent waveguide and to radiation, finding that the topological protection only applies to the former.
An intelligent control method for a flexible-link manipulator with uncertain backlash and model uncertainty
Authors: Guo Shenghan , Cai Weiguo , Zhang Yaning , Zhang Hanyu , Liu Jun , Ye Xuying , Geng Qiankai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study examines a new intelligent control method for a single-link flexible manipulator that addresses backlash and model uncertainty. First, a smooth backlash inverse model is constructed to mitigate backlash nonlinearity. Subsequently, a ‘disturbance-like’ term is formulated to recharacterize the coupled term composed of external disturbances and model uncertainty. A new adaptive controller is proposed to compensate for the unknown ‘disturbance-like’ term. Using the proposed control method, the stability of the system is evaluated using the direct Lyapunov theory, ensuring uniform ultimate boundedness. Finally, numerical simulations and experiments are conducted using the Quanser platform. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control can ensure a faster convergence rate and effectively reduce actuator input chattering.
Diagnostic interobserver agreement for thyroid fine-needle aspirates: Effects of reviewer experience and molecular diagnostics
Authors: Gokozan Hamza N , Mostyka Maria , Scognamiglio Theresa , Solomon James P , Beg Shaham , Stern Evan , Goyal Abha , Siddiqui Momin T , Heymann Jonas J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Few cytologically indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) harbor BRAF V600E. Here, we assess interobserver agreement for The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III (atypia of undetermined significance [AUS]) FNAs harboring BRAF V600E and contrast their features with those harboring non-BRAF V600E alterations, with attention to cytopathology experience.

Methods
Seven reviewers evaluated 5 AUS thyroid FNAs harboring BRAF V600E. To blind reviewers, cases were intermixed with 19 FNAs falling within other TBSRTC categories and in which genetic alterations other than BRAF V600E had been identified (24 FNAs total). Interobserver agreement against both “index” and most popular (“mode”) diagnoses was calculated. Four additional BRAF V600E cases were independently reviewed.

Results
Reviewers included 3 trainees and 3 American Board of Pathology (board)–certified cytopathologists. Board-certified cytopathologists, whose experience ranged from 2 to more than 15 subspecialty practice years, had known AUS rates. BRAF V600E was identified in 5 of 260 (2%) AUS FNAs. Interobserver agreement was higher among cytopathologists with more experience. Mode diagnosis differed from index diagnosis in 6 of 11 cases harboring RAS-like alterations; mode diagnosis was AUS in 4 of 5 BRAF V600E FNAs.

Conclusions
Atypia of undetermined significance of thyroid FNAs harboring BRAF V600E is uncommon yet relatively reproducible, particularly among pathologists with experience. It is advisable to sequence BRAF across V600 in such cases.
Fostering Collaborative Teamwork—A Comprehensive Approach to Vascular Graft Infection Following Arterial Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Tabaja Hussam , Chesdachai Supavit , Shah Aditya S , Stevens Ryan W , DeMartino Randall R , Erben Young M , Wilson Walter R , Baddour Larry M , DeSimone Daniel C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vascular graft infection (VGI) is one of the most serious complications following arterial reconstructive surgery. VGI has received increasing attention over the past decade, but many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and management. In this review, we describe our approach to VGI through multidisciplinary collaboration and discuss decision making for challenging presentations. This review will concentrate on VGI that impacts both aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms excluding the ascending thoracic aorta.
Otitis in Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ranzenigo Martina , van Soest Thijs M , Hensen Erik F , Cinque Paola , Castagna Antonella , Brouwer Matthijs C , van de Beek Diederik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, but the role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.

Methods
We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 and July 2021.

Results
A total of 2548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Otitis was present in 696 episodes (27%). In these patients the primary causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (615 of 696 [88%]), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (5%) and Haemophilus influenzae (4%). In 519 of 632 otitis episodes (82%) an ear-nose-throat specialist was consulted, and surgery was performed in 287 of 519 (55%). The types of surgery performed were myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in 110 of 287 episodes (38%), mastoidectomy in 103 of 287 (36%), and myringotomy alone in 74 of 287 (26%). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 210 of 696 episodes (30%) and in 65 of 696 episodes was fatal (9%). Otitis was associated with a favorable outcome in a multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] .59–.92; P = .008). There was no association between outcome and ear surgery.

Conclusions
Otitis is a common focus of infection in community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, with S. pneumoniae being the most common causative pathogen. Presence of otitis is associated with a favorable outcome. Ear surgery's impact on the outcome of otogenic meningitis patients remains uncertain.
Lower Specificity of the European Society of Cardiology 2023 Diagnostic Criteria for Infective Endocarditis When Spondylodiscitis Is Regarded as a Vascular Phenomenon
Authors: Sunnerhagen Torgny , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The ESC diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE) added spondylodiscitis as a minor criterion. This resulted in that 11 of 1807 patients with Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcal, or Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia, were reclassified from possible to definite IE, of whom only two were treated as IE.
Evaluation of the aesthetics and clinical findings in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors treated with a 10-year interval
Authors: Hedmo Cecilia , Lindsten Rune , Josefsson Eva 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Introduction
The most common treatment approaches for patients missing maxillary lateral incisors are implant replacement (IT) and orthodontic space closure (SC). Treatment techniques change and improve over time, and it is of interest to know if improvements differ between the methods.

Aim
To compare the aesthetic outcome and other clinical findings in patients with one or two missing maxillary lateral incisors who were treated with a 10-year difference in time, with either orthodontic space closure or implant replacement.

Material and methods
A total of 88 patients were included in the study. Forty-four patients treated between 2011 and 2018 were included as the latter cohort (LC). The LC was compared to the early cohort (EC; n = 44), treated between 2001 and 2008. A total of 132 teeth was analysed: 62 teeth in the EC (28 teeth in IT cases and 34 teeth in SC cases) and 70 teeth in the LC (34 teeth in IT cases and 36 teeth in SC cases). Long-term clinical and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated.

Results
An improvement over time was found in crown length, BoP, papilla, the inclination of incisors, and overall appearance in IT cases and in crown colour and overbite in SC cases. A deterioration over time was found in crown length and BoP among the SC cases.

Conclusion
Among the IT cases, an improvement in outcomes was noted over time. When comparing SC cases the colour of the crown and overbite had improved, while crown length and BoP had deteriorated over time.
Efficacy of Dose Escalation of Oral 5-Aminosalicylic Acid for Ulcerative Colitis With a Mayo Endoscopic Subscore of 1: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiro , Aoki Yasuhiro , Kiyohara Hiroki , Yokoyama Ayumi , Nakazawa Atsushi , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Sugimoto Shinya , Nanki Kosaku , Mikami Yohei , Fukuhara Kayoko , Mizuno Shinta , Sujino Tomohisa , Mutaguchi Makoto , Takabayashi Kaoru , Morohoshi Yuichi , Hosoda Yasuo , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwao Yasushi , Naganuma Makoto , Kanai Takanori 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic healing is generally defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) ≤1 in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, patients with an MES of 1 are at higher relapse risk than those with an MES of 0. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of proactive dose escalation of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in UC patients with an MES of 1.

Methods
An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 5 hospitals between 2018 and 2022. Ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission under oral 5-ASA therapy and diagnosed as having an MES of 1 were enrolled. Patients receiving maintenance therapy other than 5-ASA and immunomodulator were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a dose-escalated (intervention) or constant dose (control) of 5-ASA. Concomitant immunomodulator was used as the stratification factor in the randomization. The primary end point was relapse within 1 year. The subgroup analysis was stratified for the use of immunomodulators.

Results
The full analysis set included 79 patients (39 intervention and 40 control). Immunomodulators were used in 20 (25.3%) patients. Relapse was less in the intervention group (15.4%) than the control group (37.5%; P = .026). In the subgroup with concomitant immunomodulators, relapse was also less in the intervention group (10.0%) than the control group (70.0%; P = .020). In patients without immunomodulators, the difference was not significant between 2 groups (intervention, 17.2%; control, 26.7%; P = .53).

Conclusions
Dose escalation of 5-ASA reduced relapse within 1 year in UC patients in clinical remission with an MES of 1.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Complicating Use of Upadacitinib in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Case Report
Authors: Chin Simone , Fox Lucy , Majumdar Avik , Oliver Mark , Choy Matthew C , De Cruz Peter 
Published: April 2024

Lay Summary
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a ubiquitous, unicellular fungus that can cause pneumonia (PJP) in immunosuppressed individuals. We report the first case of PJP complicating upadacitinib use for ulcerative colitis. This report is of clinical relevance given the widespread uptake of JAK inhibition.
Massive genome reduction predates the divergence of Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates
Authors: Shah Sarah , Dougan Katherine E , Chen Yibi , Lo Rosalyn , Laird Gemma , Fortuin Michael D A , Rai Subash K , Murigneux Valentine , Bellantuono Anthony J , Rodriguez-Lanetty Mauricio , Bhattacharya Debashish , Chan Cheong Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are taxonomically diverse, predominantly symbiotic lineages that are well-known for their association with corals. The ancestor of these taxa is believed to have been free-living. The establishment of symbiosis (i.e. symbiogenesis) is hypothesized to have occurred multiple times during Symbiodiniaceae evolution, but its impact on genome evolution of these taxa is largely unknown. Among Symbiodiniaceae, the genus Effrenium is a free-living lineage that is phylogenetically positioned between two robustly supported groups of genera within which symbiotic taxa have emerged. The apparent lack of symbiogenesis in Effrenium suggests that the ancestral features of Symbiodiniaceae may have been retained in this lineage. Here, we present de novo assembled genomes (1.2–1.9 Gbp in size) and transcriptome data from three isolates of Effrenium voratum and conduct a comparative analysis that includes 16 Symbiodiniaceae taxa and the other dinoflagellates. Surprisingly, we find that genome reduction, which is often associated with a symbiotic lifestyle, predates the origin of Symbiodiniaceae. The free-living lifestyle distinguishes Effrenium from symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae vis-à-vis their longer introns, more-extensive mRNA editing, fewer (~30%) lineage-specific gene sets, and lower (~10%) level of pseudogenization. These results demonstrate how genome reduction and the adaptation to distinct lifestyles intersect to drive diversification and genome evolution of Symbiodiniaceae.
Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review
Authors: Batterham Rachel L , Bedimo Roger J , Diaz Ricardo S , Guaraldi Giovanni , Lo Janet , Martínez Esteban , McComsey Grace A , Milinkovic Ana , Naito Toshio , Noe Sebastian , O’Shea Donal , Paredes Roger , Schapiro Jonathan M , Sulkowski Mark S , Venter François , Waters Laura , Yoruk Ilksen Ungan , Young Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts.

Methods
A targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in workshops and completed surveys to refine consensus data statements and generate clinical recommendations.

Results
Overall, 10 data statements, five data gaps and 14 clinical recommendations achieved consensus. In the data statements, the panel describes increased risk of cardiometabolic health concerns in people with HIV compared with the general population, known risk factors, and the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy. The panel also identified data gaps to inform future research in people with HIV. Finally, in the clinical recommendations, the panel emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to comprehensive care that includes regular assessment of cardiometabolic health, access to cardiometabolic health services, counselling on potential changes in weight after initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and encouraging a healthy lifestyle to lower cardiometabolic health risk.

Conclusions
On the basis of available data and expert consensus, an international panel developed clinical recommendations to address the increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders in people with HIV to ensure appropriate cardiometabolic health management for this population.