bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐report of physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices
Authors: Korpinen Leena H. , Pääkkönen Rauno J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of our work was to study the working‐age population's self‐reported physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices. A qualitative method was applied using an open‐ended question in a questionnaire, which included questions about the possible influence of new technical equipment on health. We then created subgroups of respondents for different self‐reported symptoms associated with mobile phones and other electrical devices. The research questions were: (1) how the respondents described physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices and (2) how the answers can be classified into subgroups based on symptoms or devices. We identified the following categories: (1) respondents with different self‐reported symptoms which they associated with using mobile phones (headache, earache, or warmth sensations), (2) respondents who had skin symptoms when they stayed in front of a computer screen, (3) respondents who mentioned physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices. Total prevalence of self‐reported physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices (categories 1 and 2) was 0.7%. In the future it will be possible to obtain new knowledge of these topics by using qualitative methods. Bioelectromagnetics 30:431–437, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beurteilung der Tragfähigkeit von geschädigten Stahlbetonbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer Bauwerksprüfung
Authors: Braml Thomas , Keuser Manfred 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie regelmäßig stattfindenden Brückenprüfungen haben für die sichere Nutzung von Brückenbauwerken eine hohe Bedeutung. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt ein Verfahren, das den Bauwerksprüfer bei der Einschätzung der Tragfähigkeit von geschädigten Stahlbetonbrücken noch während bzw. unmittelbar nach einer Bauwerksprüfung unterstützt. Auf der Grundlage dieser ersten Einschätzung kann vor einer Objektbezogenen Schadensanalyse über eventuell einzuleitende Sofortmaßnahmen wie z. B. die Reduktion der zulässigen Verkehrslasten entschieden werden. Mit Näherungsverfahren der Zuverlässigkeitstheorie der 1. und 2. Ordnung (FORM und SORM) wird unter Berücksichtigung der Schädigung der Zuverlässigkeitsindex, bzw. die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit pf des Bauwerks berechnet. Der Beitrag zeigt das Vorgehen sowie die Anwendung an einem Beispiel. Insbesondere im kommunalen Bereich ist das Verfahren hilfreich, da hier nicht in allen Fällen davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass regelmäßige Bauwerksprüfungen und entsprechende Unterhaltungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt worden sind.
Entwurf von Flüssigkeitsbehältern
Authors: Buschmeyer Wilhelm , Eßer Angelika 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn der WU‐Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton werden Anforderungen an die Gebrauchstauglichkeit von wasserundurchlässigen Bauwerken aus Beton geregelt. Die Richtlinie gilt auch für Flüssigkeitsbehälter, deren wesentliche Eigenschaft ihre definierte Dichtheit ist. Ausgehend von den Entwurfsgrundsätzen der Richtlinie und bisher gemachten Praxiserfahrungen werden Konzepte für die Auslegung von Behältern in Betonbauweise diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden Grundsätze für mäßig vorgespannte Stahlbetonbehälter mit einer dauerhaften Füllung planmäßiger Trennrisse vorgestellt. Auf Aspekte einer Bemessung nach der Europäischen Norm EC 2 Teil 3 wird hingewiesen.
Erfahrungen mit massigen Bauteilen beim Bau der Schleuse Lauenburg
Authors: Morgen Karl , Lühr Stefan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLauenburg ist ein historischer Schleusenstandort, der bereits im 14. Jahrhundert durch die Palmschleuse den Salzhandel zur Ostsee auf dem Wasserwege ermöglichte. In dieser Zeit entwickelte sich die Stecknitzfahrt auf dem Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts erbauten Stecknitzkanal, der Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts durch den Elbe‐Trave‐Kanal bzw. Elbe‐Lübeck‐Kanal ersetzt wurde. Bis heute ist die Schifffahrt in diesem Bereich bedeutsam und seit 2006 sichert die neue Schleuse Lauenburg den modernen Schifffahrtsverkehr zwischen Elbe und Ostsee. Die neue Schleuse Lauenburg ist ein Ersatzneubau für die 1900 gebaute alte Schleuse und wurde in fünf Jahren Bauzeit in Stahlbetonbauweise errichtet. Für die erforderlichen Festlegungen zur Mindestbewehrung nach ZTV‐W215 und für die risssteuernde Bewehrung bei massigen Bauteilen wurde in Abstimmung mit dem Auftraggeber, dem Auftragnehmer und dem beauftragten Prüfingenieur ein pragmatischer Ansatz gewählt.Frei nach William James “Wahr ist das, was sich durch seine praktischen Konsequenzen bewährt.”
Biomanufacturing process analytical technology (PAT) application for downstream processing: Using dissolved oxygen as an indicator of product quality for a protein refolding reaction
Authors: Pizarro Shelly A. , Dinges Rachel , Adams Rachel , Sanchez Ailen , Winter Charles 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProcess analytical technology (PAT) is an initiative from the US FDA combining analytical and statistical tools to improve manufacturing operations and ensure regulatory compliance. This work describes the use of a continuous monitoring system for a protein refolding reaction to provide consistency in product quality and process performance across batches. A small‐scale bioreactor (3 L) is used to understand the impact of aeration for refolding recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) in a reducing environment. A reverse‐phase HPLC assay is used to assess product quality. The goal in understanding the oxygen needs of the reaction and its impact to quality, is to make a product that is efficiently refolded to its native and active form with minimum oxidative degradation from batch to batch. Because this refolding process is heavily dependent on oxygen, the % dissolved oxygen (DO) profile is explored as a PAT tool to regulate process performance at commercial manufacturing scale. A dynamic gassing out approach using constant mass transfer (kLa) is used for scale‐up of the aeration parameters to manufacturing scale tanks (2,000 L, 15,000 L). The resulting DO profiles of the refolding reaction show similar trends across scales and these are analyzed using rpHPLC. The desired product quality attributes are then achieved through alternating air and nitrogen sparging triggered by changes in the monitored DO profile. This approach mitigates the impact of differences in equipment or feedstock components between runs, and is directly inline with the key goal of PAT to “actively manage process variability using a knowledge‐based approach.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 340–351 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of tryptophan in bee pollen and royal jelly by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Zhang Jin‐zhen , Xue Xiao‐feng , Zhou Jin‐hui , Chen Fang , Wu Li‐ming , Li Yi , Zhao Jing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method for tryptophan analysis in bee pollen and royal jelly was developed using HPLC with fluorescence detection. To determine the free tryptophan in bee pollen and royal jelly, ultrasonic extraction was performed using water (pH 6.3)–acetonitrile (10:1, v/v) as extraction solvent. While determining the total tryptophan in these bee products, the method involves alkaline hydrolysis of the proteins with 4 mol/L sodium hydroxide at 110°C for 20 h under anaerobic conditions. The operating conditions for the HPLC analysis were: Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm), 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid–methanol (75:25, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 30°C. The fluorescence detector was operated at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 340 nm. A linear response (r2 > 0.9998) was obtained in the range 0.0625–5.0 µg/mL. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the free and total tryptophan contents in bee pollens, which were 0.069 ± 0.003 and 2.693 ± 0.476 mg/g, respectively, while only the total tryptophan was detected in royal jelly, with a content of 1.743 ± 0.066 mg/g. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Natural Products Beauveriolide I and III: a New Class of β‐Amyloid‐Lowering Compounds
Authors: Witter Daniel P. , Chen Yanping , Rogel Joseph K. , Boldt Grant E. , Wentworth Paul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAttacking Alzheimer's by ACAT: The aggregation of β‐amyloid peptides, especially Aβ42, into senile plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We show that the fungal natural products beauveriolides I and III can potently decrease Aβ secretion from cells expressing human amyloid precursor protein; this offers a potential new scaffold for the development of compounds with proven bioavailability for the treatment of AD.magnified image
Transradial approach to treat superficial femoral artery in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Trani Carlo , Burzotta Francesco , Tommasino Antonella , Giammarinaro Maura 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:Transradial access reduces the incidence of access site complications of percutaneous revascularization procedures. However, in patients with peripheral vascular disease, the adoption of transradial approach for superficial femoral artery (SFA) angioplasty is usually prevented by the distance between the vascular access and the target lesions; thus, SFA angioplasty is commonly performed by transfemoral approach. Recently, low‐profile balloons with extended shaft length became available, allowing to potentially address SFA lesions by transradial approach. As plain balloon angioplasty represents a valuable option for SFA in‐stent restenosis treatment, we evaluated the feasibility of transradial approach in this clinical setting.Methods:Transradial balloon angioplasty of SFA diffuse in‐stent restenosis was attempted in 12 patients aged 69.4 ± 5.1 years. Six‐French 125 cm long MP guiding catheters, 300 cm long 0.018″ guidewire, and low‐profile 4 Fr compatible 180 cm long shaft balloons (5 and 6 mm in diameter and 80–150 mm in length) were used.Results:The procedural success was 100%, and no complications occurred during the hospital stay. Compared with a matched group of patients in whom angioplasty was performed by trans‐femoral approach, main procedural key data resulted similar except for the amount of administered contrast dye, which was slightly but significantly lower in transradial group (170 ± 59 ml vs. 241 ± 103, P = 0.03).Conclusions:In conclusion, with the currently available equipment, the transradial approach is feasible and represents a valuable alternative for treatment of patients with SFA in‐stent restenosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of the new Amplatzer duct occluder II for patent arterial duct occlusion
Authors: Bhole V. , Miller P. , Mehta C. , Stumper O. , Reinhardt Z. , De Giovanni J.V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: Several devices such as coils and Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) are used for catheter closure of patent arterial ducts (PDA). These carry a high success rate but residual shunts, suboptimal device orientation, and technical problems are encountered. The Amplatzer duct occluder II (ADO II) is designed to address these limitations. Objectives: To evaluate the technical features of the new ADO II device for PDA closure and document the immediate/early closure rate, complications and device behavior during implantation. Methods: Prospective, two center study from February 2008 to January 2009. Twenty‐seven patients (18 females) received the ADO II. The median age was 22 months (range: 7 months–68 years) and the median weight was 11.7 kg (range: 6.9–108). The median PDA diameter was 2.6 mm (range: 1–4.4). The approach was arterial in 13 and venous in 14 patients. Follow‐up included echocardiography at 1 day and 1 month postimplantation. Results: All implantations were technically successful with immediate complete angiographic closure in 21 and trivial contrast flow in six patients. The median procedure time was 43 min (range: 15–82) and the fluoroscopy time was 6 min (range: 2.2–26.5). Echocardiography confirmed no residual shunts on the following day. There were no complications. Conclusion: The new ADO II is a versatile and very effective device for closure of PDAs of various shapes, lengths, and up to diameters of 5.5 mm. The disc articulations, high early closure rate, arterial or venous approach options, and small diameter delivery catheter are all beneficial features. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty device leaves free access to cardiac veins for resynchronization therapy
Authors: Hoppe Uta C. , Brandt Mathias C. , Degen Hubertus , Dodos Fotini , Schneider Thorsten , Stoepel Carsten , Kroener Axel , Haude Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:To assess the feasibility to place a left ventricular lead into the coronary sinus following percutaneous mitral annuloplasty.Background:Percutaneous coronary sinus‐based mitral annuloplasty may reduce functional mitral regurgitation in chronic systolic heart failure. However, concerns have been raised whether the placement of an annular remodeling device in the coronary sinus might preclude subsequent lead placement for resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods:Three patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy included in the AMADEUS™ trial underwent CRT 7 to 8 months after implantation of a mitral valve annuloplasty device.Results:Fluoroscopy and control coronary angiography revealed a stable position of the annuloplasty device without any compromise of coronary blood flow. Intravascular ultrasound of the coronary sinus excluded any thrombus formation and demonstrated smooth endothelialization of the annular remodeling device. Access of the coronary sinus and placement of the left ventricular lead into a posterolateral cardiac vein was not at all compromised by the mitral valve annuloplasty device in any patient.Conclusions:Positioning a left ventricular pacing lead for CRT is feasible after permanent implantation of a coronary sinus‐based mitral annuloplasty device in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transradial coronary intervention using a novel 5‐Fr sheathless guiding catheter
Authors: Takeshita Satoshi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have recently developed a 5‐Fr sheathless guiding catheter system (Virtual 3‐Fr, Medikit, Japan), composed of a hydrophilic catheter and a central dilator. This combination of catheter and dilator enables us to introduce the catheter into the artery without the need of an introducer sheath. Because the outer diameter of this 5‐Fr sheathless guiding catheter system is approximately 2‐Fr sizes smaller than a conventional guiding catheter system, this system provides us with less invasive angioplasty and a puncture site injury equivalent to a conventional 3‐Fr introducer sheath. To demonstrate the potential of this 5‐Fr sheathless guiding system, we report two cases of chronic total occlusion successfully treated by the transradial approach. This novel 5‐Fr sheathless system may become a viable alternative to conventional guiding catheters, and provide a favorable impact upon vascular access complications and patient morbidity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage to prevent embolic events in high‐risk patients with chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ussia Gian Paolo , Mulè Massimiliano , Cammalleri Valeria , Scarabelli Marilena , Barbanti Marco , Immè Sebastiano , Mangiafico Sarah , Marchese Anna , Galassi Alfredo Ruggero , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a novel alternative for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and with a high risk of stroke who are not eligible for long‐term anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to asses the safety, feasibility, and long‐term efficacy of this procedure.Methods:From July 2004 to June 2007, 20 patients (13 male, mean age 69 ± 8 years) with non–valvular AF (NV‐AF) underwent LAA percutaneous closure using the PLAATO™ system, implanted through a transeptal access. All patients had contraindications to anticoagulant therapy and were at high risk for cardioembolic stroke (mean CHADS2 score 3 ± 1.2). A trans‐thoracic echocardiogram was performed at 1, 3, and every 6 months after the procedure, whereas a trans‐oesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) was scheduled at 6 months. After 24 months, a phone interview was obtained.Results:All procedures were successfully performed in 18 patients. In two patients, LAA closure was not feasible for the presence of a multilobed LAA. Two patients underwent percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in the same session. In one patient, the procedure was complicated by cardiac perforation with pericardial effusion, treated with pericardiocentesis. At a mean follow up of 40 ± 10 months, no embolic events occurred. One patient died, after 36 months, for gastric cancer. TOE examination showed the complete exclusion of the LAA in all patients.Conclusions:Percutaneous closure of LAA is safe and efficacious to prevent stroke in patients with NV‐AF at high risk for cardioembolic events, with contraindications to anticoagulant therapy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining the length of stay following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Chambers Charles E. , Dehmer Gregory J. , Cox David A. , Harrington Robert A. , Babb Joseph D. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Turco Mark A. , Weiner Bonnie H. , Tommaso Carl L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most common method of coronary revascularization. Over time, as operator skills and technical advances have improved procedural outcomes, the length of stay (LOS) has decreased. However, standardization in the definition of LOS following PCI has been challenging due to significant physician, procedural, and patient variables. Given the increased focus on both patient safety as well as the cost of medical care, system process issues are a concern and provide a driving force for standardization while simultaneously maintaining the quality of patient care. This document: (1) provides a summary of the existing published data on same‐day patient discharge following PCI, (2) reviews studies that developed methods to predict risk following PCI, and (3) provides clarification of the terms used to define care settings following PCI. In addition, a decision matrix is proposed for the care of patients following PCI. It is intended to provide both the interventional cardiologist as well as the facilities, in which they are associated, a guide to allow for the appropriate LOS for the appropriate patient who could be considered for early discharge or outpatient intervention. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Droplet Dispersion in Venturi Scrubbers with Axial Liquid Injection
Authors: Talaie M. R. , Mokhtarian N. , Talaei A. , Karimikhosroabadi M. , Sadeghi F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDroplet dispersion in a Venturi scrubber with axial liquid injection was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The main objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to predict droplet dispersion in a Venturi scrubber with axial liquid injection. The effects of the Peclet number and droplet size distribution on droplet dispersion were studied using the developed model. Sampling of the droplets was carried out, isokinetically, in 16 positions at the end of the throat section. The experimental data were used to find the parameters of the developed model, such as the Peclet number. From the results of this study, it was found that the Peclet number was not constant across the cross section of the scrubber channel. In order to achieve a better agreement between the results of the model and the experimental data, it was required to consider Peclet number variations across the Venturi channel. It was also revealed that the parameter representing the width of the Rosin‐Rammler distribution of droplet size could not be considered constant and it was influenced significantly by the operating parameters such as liquid flow rate and gas velocity.
Scale‐up of Mini‐Plant Extractors on Energy Dissipation‐Based Population Balances
Authors: Steinmetz T. , Bart H.‐J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe new scale‐up concept for extraction columns relies on three identities being kept idem, as is the total specific flow rate, energy dissipation, and mean droplet residence time in a compartment. The droplet population balance‐based model allows maintaining hydrodynamic similarity in different geometries, as is in a mini‐ or a pilot plant. This leads to similar breakage and coalescence probabilities giving comparable droplet size distributions, thus mass transfer area and extraction efficiency. A new breakage frequency term has been developed relying on the energy dissipation rate and is thus independent from geometric constraints. The traditional scale‐up rules are based either on a constant tip velocity (≈ N) or on a constant energy input (≈ N3), whereas here it follows a constant energy dissipation (≈ N2). A step‐by‐step approach to the new procedure proved by case samples is given. Data from literature pilot experiments could be verified by computer simulations, without using adaptable parameters. All parameters in the correlations where derived in a lab‐scale apparatus and the coalescence parameters were obtained in the mini‐plant experiments. Derivation between simulated and experimental pilot data for stage numbers was less than 14 %, operating parameters (rotational speed N, throughput) were underestimated by 4 % leading to a slightly smaller HETS (Height Equivalent of Transfer Stages) value as measured, affecting the column height with less than 1 %.
On the Role of Water in Dielectric Heating with Radio Waves
Authors: Roland U. , Kopinke F.‐D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBeside the classical mechanism of orientation polarization which is sufficient to explain dielectric heating of aqueous liquids, a number of additional aspects have to be considered when humid solids are heated by microwaves or radio waves. The large relative dielectric constant of water can lead to shielding and, therefore, attenuation of the electrical field in humid matrices. The shielding effect is influenced by the geometric arrangement of compartments with varying humidity. On the other hand, the large dielectric loss of water results in an effective heating. As shown by modeling of appropriate experiments, the dielectric loss factor is significantly changed for water which is in intimate contact with surfaces. The dielectric loss factor is much larger for water in the surface layers compared with the bulk phase. For some solids dielectric heating is based on a completely different mechanism which is also influenced by water. The dominant mechanism leading to dielectric heating of zeolites is the migration of cations within the zeolite framework. Water has a strong effect on the dielectric loss factor, most likely by hydration or modifying the electrostatic interactions of cations with the lattice.
Scalable Numerical Tools for Flow and Pressure Drop Computation in Fibrous Filter Media
Authors: Strauß F. , Hoferer J. , Heuveline V. , Kasper G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe prediction of flow behavior and pressure drop in fibrous filter media is challenging due to the complexity of the nonuniform fiber structure. Numerical calculation tools can considerably contribute to pressure drop determination for inhomogeneous filter structures. A numerical solution approach based on the finite element method to simulate 2D and 3D filter structures is considered. As numerical examples, computer designed homogeneous and inhomogeneous 2D cases where the numerical approach is validated by analytical models are investigated. Furthermore, the capability of the numerical method to simulate real 3D structures corresponding to more than 25 million degrees of freedom of the related algebraic system is demonstrated. The large systems involved require the use of dedicated techniques related to high performance computing.