bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective alpha particle stopping for reduction of the threshold for laser fusion using nonlinear force driven plasma blocks
Authors: Malekynia B. , Ghoranneviss M. , Hora H. , Miley G.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe anomaly at laser plasma interaction at laser pulses of TW to PW power and ps duration led to a very unique generation of quasi-neutral plasma blocks by a skin layer interaction avoiding the relativistic self-focusing. This is in contrast to numerous usual experiments. The plasma blocks have ion current densities above 1011A/cm2and may be used for a fast ignition scheme with comparably low compression of the deuterium tritium (DT) fuel. The difficulty is that a very high energy flux densityE* of the ions is necessary according to the hydrodynamic theory (Bobin, 1971, 1974; Chu, 1972). This theory did not include the later discovered collective effect for the stopping power of the alpha particles. One problem is being discussed, whether the Bethe-Bloch binary collision theory or the collective collision theory of Gabor has to be applied. The inclusion of the collective effect results in a reduction of the threshold value ofE* for ignition by a factor of about fife.
Sentence Combining: Assessment and Intervention Applications
Authors: Scott Cheryl M. , Nelson Nickola Wolf 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Clinicians can use sentence combining tasks to assess students' written language needs in the area of syntax and also as a context for language intervention. In this brief article, we describe current efforts to develop a formal standardized measure of written syntactic development and offer suggestions for using sentence combining as a context for intervention targeting higher level syntactic complexity.
THE CASE OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Authors: Kasapoglu Aytül , Odabas Yonca , Kaya Nilay 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
The primary concern of this paper is to inquire about the associations between socio-demographic and psychological variables related to avian influenza in Turkey. The data were collected from a survey given to a sample of 247 females and 223 males from six regions in Turkey. Statistical analysis revealed that gender, education level, and socio-economic status had significant impacts on knowledge, attitudes, and responsible behavior. Participants who were more aware of the impacts of nature made important suggestions at both the national and international level.
Blogging – private becomes public and public becomes personalised
Authors: Gunter Barrie 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how blogging has grown as an online phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachExamines the way that blogs have become a phenomenon that embrace private authors who go online to write personal diaries through to representatives from different types of commercial, political and voluntary organisations who utilise them for a range of information exchange, debating, promotional and support purposes.FindingsAs blogging grows as an online phenomenon its impact in areas such as news, politics, and social networking is being taken ever more seriously. While the internet has been held up by governments as holding great economic and political promise, acting as a vehicle that can enhance public services, empower and engage citizens, and trigger new ways of doing business, the reality in terms of how it is actually applied can be poles apart from the ideal.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of blogging and introduces the papers in this special issue.
Linking perception of health‐promoting food attributes to tangible product characteristics
Authors: Sijtsema Siet , Backus Gé , Linnemann Anita , Jongen Wim 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to link the denotation of healthy and health‐related consumer terms of traditional Dutch meal components to characteristics, ingredients and affective aspects of food products.Design/methodology/approachA total of 344 respondents completed a questionnaire with propositions about product perception and health opinions. Distinct meal components of a traditional Dutch meal were chosen to make the research results applicable in product development.FindingsA total of four clusters of consumers emerged: with an unconventional definition of health; with no interest in health; feeling healthy; and having health problems, with sample percentages of 21, 10, 50 and 18, respectively.Originality/valueThe study provides insight in the transformation (selection and formulation) of consumers' terminology related to health into attributes, ingredients and affective aspects of products for groups of consumers with a different definition of health.
Pupils' school meal diet behaviour in Finland: two clusters
Authors: Tikkanen Irma 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and describe the self‐reported diet behaviour of pupils in four Finnish schools.Design/methodology/approachOverall, eight theoretical views on school meals are briefly illustrated. Empirical data were collected in 2007 from four comprehensive schools, where the school kitchen types were either a preparing kitchen or a heating kitchen. A total of 168 6th‐9th graders returned the questionnaire. The data were analysed by using factor and cluster analyses, one‐way Anova and F‐tests.FindingsA total of six factors illustrating the dimensions of self‐reported school meal diet behaviour were found. They were titled as “learning”, “energy”, “economy”, “health”, “opposition to school meals”, and finally “impact of social‐ecological environment”. Based on the factor scores, the following two clusters emerged: “Pupils having a positive attitude towards school meals and learning” and “Impressionable pupils having a negative attitude towards school meals”.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that information on healthy eating habits and nutritional information – including the plate model – should be targeted, both to the pupils and the parents. Also, the pupils' favourite dishes could be served more often.Originality/valueThe study provides up‐to‐date, cross‐sectional structure on self‐reported diet behaviour of pupils based on eight theoretical views. The paper is useful for those who are interested in and concerned with pupils' diet behaviour.
Chemical composition and digestibility (in vitro) of green gram as affected by processing and cooking methods
Authors: Grewal Antu , Jood Sudesh 
Published: March 2009

PurposeDigestibility of pulses is affected due to presence of antinutritional and toxic compounds. Various processing treatments are known to destroy heat labile toxic compounds and other enzyme inhibitors, hence, to improve the texture, palatability and nutritive value of pulses. This paper, therefore, aims to focus on improving the digestibility and availability of nutrients of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) through processing treatments.Design/methodology/approachThe present study was undertaken to see the effect of common processing and cooking treatments on newly released green gram cultivars. To achieve this objective, green gram seeds were soaked in plain water (1:4 w/v) for 12 hours at 37°C. One portion of the soaked seeds was dried at 55°C and left‐over soaked seeds were divided into three portions. One portion of the soaked seeds was dehulled manually. The second portion of the soaked seeds was ordinary and pressure‐cooked (water two times the weight of soaked seeds) for 35 minutes at 95‐100°C and at 1.05 kg/cm2 pressure for 15 minutes, respectively. The third portion of the soaked seeds was sprouted for 24 hours at 37°C. All the processed seeds were dried at 55°C in a hot air oven and then ground in a cyclone sample mill and stored for estimation of nutritional parameters using standard methods.FindingsSoaking and cooking treatments had no significant effect on proximate composition, whereas sugar contents increased and starch contents decreased significantly. Soaking and cooking treatments also improved in vitro starch digestibility significantly. De‐hulling of soaked seeds further improved starch digestibility and also caused significant change in protein, fat, ash, crude fibre and sugar contents. Germination decreased starch, thereby raising the level of the soluble sugars and improved starch digestibility by 49 and 48 percent, respectively, in both cultivars. Similarly, pressure‐cooking also increased starch digestibility by about 44 and 49 percent, respectively, in both cultivars. Cooking may gelatinize starch and germination may mobilize starch, resulting in improved digestibility of starch by α‐amylase.Practical implicationsEvolving high‐yielding crop varieties is one of the most important strategies to fill the gap between demand and supply of food legumes and also to improve the nutritional status of the population consuming such foods. Hence, it is imperative to judge their chemical composition and improve them through inexpensive processing techniques.Originality/valueThe paper gives an overall view of nutritive values of new and traditional varieties of vegetables and will be of value to those who supply the consumer.
Interpolation of binarized CLSM images for extraction of premotor neuron branch structures in silkworm moth
Authors: Nakajima Kanako , Morishita Soichiro , Kazawa Tomoki , Kanzaki Ryohei , Kawabata Kuniaki , Asama Hajime , Mishima Taketoshi 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic interpolation method for binarized confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of a premotor neuron in the silkworm moth.Design/methodology/approachPartial deficiencies occur in binary images through the form extraction process because of noises in a CLSM image series. The proposed method selects several points from a binarized image series and connects these points with a Bezier curve based on premotor neuron characteristics in order to interpolate partial deficiencies.FindingsTo verify the availability of the proposed method, a three‐dimensional form of a premotor neuron of a silkworm moth was extracted. The results of each branch's relation of connection and of the interpolated neuron thickness show that the proposed method realizes to interpolate partial deficiencies and to extract three‐dimensional form of the premotor neuron.Practical implicationsThe proposed method contributes to realize efficient premotor extraction process using image‐processing techniques. The extracted result by proposed method can be utilized for the form comparison among many data of the premotor neurons quickly. Moreover, it also contributes to provide the parameters of an accurate neuron model for realizing computer simulation of electrical of the neurons.Originality/valueThe proposed method extracts not only a topological form but also a premotor neuron's thickness by interpolating partial deficiencies based on specific characteristics of the neuron. Thickness values of the neuron are an important factor for a simulating accurate electrical response of the neuronal circuit.
Strip double sensing layer pressure sensor for interface pressure distribution
Authors: Gaofeng Zhou , Yulong Zhao , Zhuangde Jiang 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe flexibly thin film grid pressure sensor is mainly used to detect the interface pressure distribution between touching objects. Aim at larger measurement error, the strip double sensing layer pressure sensor are designed and fabricated and tested.Design/methodology/approachDefects and characteristic of the flexibly thin film grid pressure sensor based on piezoresistive effect are analyzed and pointed out in this paper. After comparison of four sensors, the strip double sensing layer pressure sensor was thought to be best.FindingsExperiment shows that the strip double sensing layer pressure sensor could eliminate the measurement error basically and illustrates the validity of measuring the interface pressure distribution between area touching objects.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, only the strip double sensing layer pressure sensor was used to verify the validity of measuring the static interface pressure distribution between peach and platform. But there also exists some problems such as the adhering reliability of electrode and the unevenness of sensing layer. These problems could be overcome in the future research if the fabricating procedure and ingredient of material could be adjusted correctly.Practical implicationsThe strip double sensing layer pressure sensor could be applied to detect the static interface pressure distribution such as peach pressure distribution. For dynamic measurement, this research needs to be done further.Originality/valueStrip double sensing layer pressure sensor with simple “interlayer” structure and with low manufacture cost is presented to basically eliminate the measurement error of interface pressure distribution of original sensor.
On system reliability with single strength and multi‐component stress model
Authors: Islam H.M. , Khan Maroof A. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to consider the problem of strength of a manufactured item against an array of stresses, when each component follows exponential failure law.Design/methodology/approachThe study considers a system consisting of n components in a series with lifetimes that follow exponential failure law and applies a competing failure model to examine the strength reliability of the system.FindingsIn process of developing a new product, the engineer is given the goal for the system and must then develop a design that will achieve the desired reliability of the system, while performing all of the system's intended functions at a minimum cost. The paper involves a balancing act of determining how to distribute reliability to the components in the system, so that the system will meet all the other associated performance specifications.Originality/valueThe application of the proposed technique will not only help the reliability engineers/managers/system engineers to understand the design methodology of the system, but also lead to the problem of addressing the risks involved in perceived quality and reliability levels by eliminating or at least reducing the risk‐impact at the design phase.
Examining the trait and functional motive antecedents of four gambling activities: slot machines, skilled card games, sports betting, and promotional games
Authors: Fang Xiang , Mowen John C. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the functional motive and trait antecedents of four forms of gambling – slot machines, skilled card games, sports betting, and participating in marketing promotional games such as sweepstakes and contests.Design/methodology/approachA hierarchical model of motivation and personality (3M model) was employed to investigate the trait and functional motive antecedents of four gambling activities. Five motives for gambling were identified – money, excitement, social interaction, escape from problems, and self‐esteem enhancement. In addition, the effects of demographic variables (i.e. age, gender, and education) on four gambling types were examined. A total of 1,158 responses were collected from an online consumer panel.FindingsThe results suggest that the four forms of gambling have divergent motives, traits, and demographic profiles.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should further explore other possible traits in predicting different gambling activities (e.g. superstitious beliefs). Another limitation of the study is the online panel sample, which is somewhat older and more highly educated than the general public.Practical implicationsThe findings will help marketers better segment the market based on unique profiles of personality traits, functional motives, and demographic variables associated with each gambling type and design communication strategies to reach the targeted consumers.Originality/valuePrevious researchers have neither investigated the functional motives for gambling nor compared the motives for divergent forms of gambling. This research employs a hierarchical model (3M model) to investigate the trait and functional motive predictors of multiple forms of gambling.
Selection criteria, skill sets and competencies
Authors: O'Meara Bernard , Petzall Stanley 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe research presented here attempts to identify and analyse the reported selection criteria used in the appointment of Australian vice‐chancellors (VCs) and to contrast this with the selection criteria actually used.Design/methodology/approachContemporary research into the nature, role and purpose of section criteria in appointment processes has chiefly been conducted in the private sector and across various hierarchical levels. The research is based on a PhD entitled “The recruitment and selection of vice‐chancellors for Australian universities”. The research for the thesis had ethics approval and involved interviews with former and incumbent chancellors, VCs, consultants, representatives of the Australian Vice‐Chancellors Committee and selection panel members. Central to this research was the selection criteria and the skill bases selection criteria attempted to measure. A questionnaire was also sent to those listed above.FindingsThe findings show that a matching of organisational antecedents with candidate attributes does occur. The research also highlights the key selection criteria used to appoint VCs. It also demonstrates how these key criteria are universally applied but in different orders depending upon the various foci of universities. Non‐stated, but important, criteria and competencies are also discussed.Originality/valueNo other research exists outlining the skill sets and competencies required by Australian VCs. It is hoped that this research will form the basis for further research and discovery into this field that we know so little about.
Accounting assemblages, desire, and the body without organs
Authors: Neu Dean , Everett Jeff , Shiraz Rahaman Abu 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis paper uses the ideas and concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari and aims to to examine how accounting works in the context of international development.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach within El Salvador is used. Data sources include archival documents, 35 semi‐structured interviews with field participants, and participant observations. The focus is on the activities of the Inter‐American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Development Agency (UNDP) in the country of El Salvador, showing how complex assemblages of people, technologies such as accounting, and discourses such as accountability come to claim or “territorialize” particular physical and discursive spaces.FindingsThe analysis highlights how accounting and its associated actors further the development aspirations of loan beneficiaries; yet at the same time contribute to the “over‐organization” of these actors' social space.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates that the concepts of Deleuze and Guattari – assemblage, desire, Bodies without Organs, and lines of flight to name a few – open up for consideration and analysis a series of field‐specific processes that have previously been largely un‐explored within the accounting literature.
Service quality effect on satisfaction and word of mouth in the health care industry
Authors: Chaniotakis Ioannis E. , Lymperopoulos Constantine 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to study the effect of service quality (SQ) dimensions on satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) for maternities in Greece.Design/methodology/approachBased on Parasuraman et al.'s SERVQUAL variables, the authors tried to identify the effects of each variable to satisfaction and WOM. Data were collected through field research among 1,000 mothers who have given birth to a child during the last five years, and the data were analysed using SEM.FindingsThe results suggest that, in addition to “satisfaction”, the only service quality dimension that directly affects WOM, is “empathy”. In addition, “empathy” affects “responsiveness”, “assurance” and “tangibles” which in turn have only an indirect effect to WOM through “satisfaction”.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations relate to the use of a non‐probability sample and the restricted geographical area of the field research. This study contributes to the body of academic knowledge by shedding more light into the role of SQ dimensions, and especially “empathy”, in the WOM for maternities.Practical implicationsAn understanding of the effect of SQ dimensions in satisfaction and WOM is important to maternities' marketing managers because it offers them the opportunity to take certain actions for improving customers' satisfaction and increase their intention to use positive WOM.Originality/valueThe paper manages to identify the effects of SQ dimensions on satisfaction and WOM, especially in the health care marketing sector.
A comparison between high‐resolution central and Godunov‐based schemes for the black‐oil simulation
Authors: Karimi A. , Naderan H. , Manzarii M.T. , Hannani S.K. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to perform a comparative study between capabilities of two numerical schemes from two main branches of numerical methods for solving hyperbolic conservation equations.Design/methodology/approachThe accuracy and performance of a newly developed high‐resolution central scheme vs a higher‐order Godunov‐based method are evaluated in the context of black‐oil reservoir simulations. Both methods are modified enabling study of applications that are not strictly hyperbolic and exhibit local linear degeneracies in their wave structure.FindingsThe numerical computations show that while both schemes produce results with virtually the same accuracy, the Godunov method reproduces slightly more accurate results at the expense of calculation of eigen‐structures.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper investigates only one dimensional problems, but the idea can be easily extended to multi‐dimensional problems.Practical implicationsThe paper shows the strengths and weaknesses of two practical numerical methods.Originality/valueSuch comparative study has not been published elsewhere and in particular, the performance of numerical methods on simulating hysteresis effect in hydrocarbon reservoirs has not been investigated in detail before.
Numerical analysis for the flow past a porous trapezoidal‐cylinder based on the stress‐jump interfacial‐conditions
Authors: Chen X.B. , Yu P. , Winoto S.H. , Low H.T. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe paper aims to report on the flow past a porous trapezoidal‐cylinder, in which the porous‐fluid interface was treated by implementing the stress jump boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical method was based on the finite‐volume method with body‐fitted and multi‐block grids. The Brinkman‐Forcheimmer extended model was used to govern the flow in the porous medium region. At its interface, a shear stress jump that includes the inertial effect was imposed, together with a continuity of normal stress.FindingsThe present model was validated by comparing with those for the flow around a solid circular cylinder. Results for flow around porous expanded trapezoidal cylinder are presented with flow configurations for different Darcy number, 10−2 to 10−7, porosity from 0.4 to 0.8, and Reynolds number 20 to 200. The flow develops from steady to unsteady periodic vortex shedding state. The first coefficient β has a more noticeable effect, whereas the second coefficient β1 has very small effect, even for Re   =   200.Originality/valueThe effects of the porosity, Darcy number and Reynolds number on lift and drag coefficients, and the length of circulation zone or shedding period are studied.