bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐ and Micro‐Structured Assemblies for Encapsulation of Food Ingredients
Authors: Augustin Mary Ann , Hemar Yacine 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of insoluble amine on bubble surfaces on particle–bubble attachment in potash flotation
Authors: Burdukova E. , Laskowski J. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study shows that in the potash flotation system, in which long‐chain amine collector appears in the form of colloidal particles, the hydrophobicity of sylvite surfaces critically depends on whether the amine is placed onto the solid surface or onto the surface of a bubble. The transportation of amine collector on the surface of bubbles was found to be beneficial for the bubble/KCl particle attachment.
Effect of nickel coating on carbon for adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ahmed Riaz , Yamin Tayyaba , Ansari Muhammad Shahid , Chaudhry Muhammad Mansha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNickel was coated on carbon and it was characterized by SEM and XRD. Sorption of Cd(II) ions onto carbon and nickel‐coated carbon (Ni/C), effect of acids, pH, shaking time, loading capacity, and adsorbent weight has been investigated. Acids reduce sorption and maximum sorption takes place from deionized water and Rd values for carbon and Ni/C in deionized water are 212.9 ± 0.9 and 232.5 ± 2.5. The sorption data followed the Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), isotherms and different parameters have been calculated. Sorption free energy values have been calculated and are 12.56 ± 0.19 and 14.84 ± 0.196 for carbon and Ni/C and indicate that adsorption process is chemisorption. Increase in adsorption shows the increase in catalytic activity of the adsorbent. The variation of sorption with temperature has been used to calculate the values of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for Cd(II) sorption. These values show that adsorption of Cd(II) ions on the adsorbents is endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy driven. Coating of carbon with nickel has improved its adsorption properties. Adsorption behaviour provides useful information for the catalytic activity of catalysts.
Hydrodynamics of gas–solid fluidization in tapered beds
Authors: Murthy J. S. N. , Reddy V. Srinivas , Tasleem Shuwana , Kumar D. Vinay , Krishna Ch. Sivarama , Sankarshana T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGas–solid fluidization has a wide range of industrial applications like catalytic reactions, combustion, gasification, etc. In a number of these applications, there is particle size reduction during the operation leading to severe entrainment and limitation of operating velocity. The various problems associated with particles of different sizes or changing particles sizes could be overcome by adopting tapered beds in fluidization operation.In the present investigation, the fluidization phenomenon in tapered beds has been critically assessed through experimental investigations using particles of different sizes and materials and wide range of apex angles of the vessels. The effect of particle size and apex angle on the fluidization behaviour is clearly brought out which has not been reported so far in literature. The importance of compressive force existing in tapered beds is highlighted.In addition, correlations for all hydrodynamic characteristics, viz. critical fluidization velocity, minimum velocity for full fluidization, maximum velocity for defluidization, peak pressure drop, fluctuation ratio, compressive force, and hysteresis have been developed some of which are proposed for the first time.
Effect of impeller diameter on mean droplet diameter in circular loop reactor
Authors: Hosogai Kazuhiko , Tanaka Masato 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExperiments in liquid‐liquid dispersion were performed using a circular loop reactor designed for suspension polymerization. In order to vary widely differences in physical properties such as the viscosity, density, and interfacial tension between the two liquids concerned, polystyrene pellets were dissolved into the dispersed phase which consisted of a styrene monomer liquid. The diameter distributions and mean diameters of droplets formed were measured by stepwise changes in the impeller diameter. From these results, the effect of the impeller diameter on the breakup of droplets was determined. Correlations relating the mean droplet diameter to the operational conditions were derived.
Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Denitrification Efficiency Associated with Culture Adaptation and C/N Ratio
Authors: Güven Didem 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStringent effluent limitations for nitrogen necessitate an accurate interpretation of the design and operation conditions of biological nitrogen removal systems. In this study, the effects of the nature of the organic substrate on biomass adaptation and response to different C/N ratios in terms of denitrification efficiency were investigated. A relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD)utilized/NOx–Nreduced ratio of 8.1 was obtained when an excess amount of readily biodegradable carbon was supplied, which is suggested as the conversion of substrate surplus into storage polymers. An anoxic yield of 0.64 g cell COD/g COD for a four‐compound substrate mixture (acetate, propionate, ethanol and glucose), 0.63 g cell COD/g COD for a two‐compound substrate mixture (acetate and propionate), and 0.5 g cell COD/g COD for methanol were calculated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the β‐subclass of proteobacteria was dominant in the seed and in cultures adapted to both the four‐compound and the two‐compound substrate mixture, whereas in the methanol‐adapted culture significant amounts of β‐proteobacteria were detected. The biocommunity composition, the type of organic compound and the COD/NO3–N ratio strongly influence the nitrate reduction and carbon utilization profiles. Methanol has been shown to select for a denitrifying population consisting of Paracoccus and Hyphomicrobium vulgare genera, when used as only external carbon source.
Post‐Synthesis of Ti‐SBA‐15 in Supercritical CO2‐Ethanol Solution
Authors: Feng Ji , An Guimin , Chen Biaohua , Li Yingxia , Ding Kunlun , Xie Yun , Liu Zhimin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTi‐SBA‐15 materials with Ti incorporated into the framework of SBA‐15 and controllable Ti contents were successfully prepared via a post‐treatment route in supercritical CO2‐ethanol solution, followed by calcination. The resultant Ti‐SBA‐15 materials were characterized by means of different techniques including X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, IR analysis, and N2 sorption analysis. It was demonstrated that the resultant materials retained a structure similar to that of the parent SBA‐15, and Ti was incorporated into the framework of SBA‐15. At high Ti content, i.e, Si/Ti = 5:1, a TiO2 phase formed and was coated onto the inner surface of SBA‐15 in addition to the incorporation of the Ti in the framework. The BET surface areas of the Ti‐SBA‐15 samples decreased with increasing Ti content. The presence of small amounts of H2O in the reaction medium may have resulted in some TiO2 nanoparticles being uniformly distributed in the pores of the SBA‐15 accompanying the incorporation of Ti in the SBA‐15 framework.
The hard life of soft cells
Authors: Janmey Paul A. , Winer Jessamine P. , Murray Maria E. , Wen Qi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCells are mechanical as well as chemical machines, and much of the energy they consume is used to apply forces to each other and to the extracellular matrix around them. The cytoskeleton, the cell membrane, and the macromolecules composing the extracellular matrix form networks that in concert with the forces generated by the cell create dynamic materials with viscoelastic properties unique to each tissue. Numerous recent studies suggest that the forces that cells create and are subjected to, as well as the mechanical properties of the materials to which they adhere, can have large effects on cell structure and function that can act in concert with or override signals from soluble stimuli. This brief review summarizes recent studies of the effects of substrate mechanics on cell motility, differentiation, and proliferation, and discusses possible mechanisms by which a cell can probe the stiffness of its surroundings. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coarse‐Grain Simulations of the R‐SNARE Fusion Protein in its Membrane Environment Detect Long‐Lived Conformational Sub‐States
Authors: Durrieu Marie‐Pierre , Bond Peter J. , Sansom Mark S. P. , Lavery Richard , Baaden Marc 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe detected conformational sub‐states of an R‐SNARE peptide inserted in a lipid bilayer (see figure) give insights into the membrane fusion mechanism. The simulations are in agreement with most experimental data on the SNARE system, but differ in some details that may have a functional interest. Comparing rat and yeast sequences shows some minor differences in their behaviour.magnified imageCoarse‐grain molecular dynamics are used to look at conformational and dynamic aspects of an R‐SNARE peptide inserted in a lipid bilayer. This approach allows carrying out microsecond‐scale simulations which bring to light long‐lived conformational sub‐states potentially interesting in the context of the membrane fusion mechanism mediated by the SNARE proteins. We show that these coarse‐grain models are in agreement with most experimental data on the SNARE system, but differ in some details that may have a functional interest, most notably in the orientation of the soluble part of R‐SNARE that does not appear to be spontaneously accessible for SNARE complex formation. We also compare rat and yeast sequences of R‐SNARE and find some minor differences in their behavior.
Reinterpretation of the UV Spectrum of Cytosine: Only Two Electronic Transitions?
Authors: Tajti Attila , Fogarasi Géza , Szalay Péter G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUV vibronic spectrum for cytosine has been calculated using high‐level quantum chemistry. Coupled with a careful analysis of the available experimental spectra, it is suggested that the spectrum contains only two π–π* transitions; the other two, less resolved bands cannot be type π–π*, and are probably not even n–π* but rather vibrational subbands (see figure).magnified imageTheoretical vertical excitation energies and simulated UV spectrum are reported for the canonical (amino‐oxo) form of cytosine. The calculations were performed by the EOM‐CCSD and EOM‐CC3 methods with basis sets up to triple‐zeta quality. Beyond vertical excitations, the complete vibronic spectrum has been determined the first time, using the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) method. On the basis of the computed data, a critical review of the available experimental information (UV spectra, linear dichroism, Resonance Raman and REMPI measurements) has led to the surprising conclusion that cytosine has only two, rather than four, observable electronic transitions in the UV range up to 60 000 cm−1. The result may be of crucial importance for future photochemical studies.
Early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects
Authors: Halvorsen Marianne , Wang Catharina E. , Richter Jörg , Myrland Ine , Pedersen Siv K. , Eisemann Martin , Waterloo Knut 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) have been suggested as vulnerability markers for depression. One‐ hundred forty clinically depressed subjects(CD), previously depressed subjects(PD) and never depressed (ND) controls completed the YSQ, the TCI and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed that CD and PD differed significantly on early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits compared with ND. In accordance with previous research, higher levels of harm avoidance and lower levels of self‐directedness were found in CD and in recovered PD. Moreover, CD and PD showed substantial variability in the scores on the YSQ and the TCI when controlling for concurrent depression severity. In multiple regression analyses, YSQ domain scales of disconnection, impaired autonomy, restricted self‐expression and impaired limits emerged as significant predictors of depression severity. Likewise, as concerns TCI higher order scales, high harm avoidance, low self‐directedness and high persistence emerged as significant predictors of depression severity. Harm avoidance was positively related to several early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), whereas self‐directedness was negatively related to a majority of the EMSs. Our findings indicate the presence of maladaptive personality characteristics in CD and PD. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish their causal role in relation to first‐onset and recurrent depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Early maladaptive schemas, high harm [correction made here after initial online publication] avoidance and low self‐directedness may be a part of vulnerability to depression.• The finding of these personality characteristics in subjects recovered from depression indicates malfunctioning to some degree.• Addressing such characteristics in therapy should be considered in order to prevent and treat depression from its relapsing and recurring course.
A metacognitive model of problem drinking
Authors: Spada Marcantonio M. , Wells Adrian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated significant relationships between metacognition and problem drinking. In this study, we aimed to investigate further these relationships by testing the fit of a metacognitive model of problem drinking in a sample of 174 problem drinkers from a university student population. In the model presented, it is proposed that positive metacognitive beliefs about alcohol use and negative affect lead to alcohol use as a means of affect regulation. Positive metacognitive beliefs about alcohol use are also associated with a reduction in metacognitive monitoring which further contributes to alcohol use. Once alcohol use is initiated it brings a disruption in metacognitive monitoring leading to a continuation in drinking. Following a drinking episode, alcohol use is appraised as both uncontrollable and dangerous, which in turn strengthens negative metacognitive beliefs about alcohol use. These beliefs are associated with an escalation of negative affect, which acts as a trigger for further drinking. The specified relationships among these variables were examined by testing the fit of a path model. Results of this analysis indicated a good model fit consistent with predictions. The conceptual and clinical implications of these data are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• A cognitive‐attentional model that may aid assessment, conceptualization and treatment for moderate or at risk problem drinkers.
Autophonia in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Godbole Meghana , Key Adrienne 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:To increase awareness among clinicians treating otolaryngologic symptoms in very low weight anorexic patients.Method:Focused clinical examination on admission and regular physical assessments during in‐patient stay was conducted and symptoms compared with other in‐patients on the eating disorders unit.Results:Notable improvement in otolaryngological symptoms on gaining weight.Discussion:Ward based clinical examination revealed a normal tympanic membrane in our very low weight anorexic patients. Our results emphasise the possibility of loss of fatty tissue surrounding the Eustachian tube to be the primary cause for their otolaryngological symptoms. We have attempted to increase awareness among clinicians treating anorexic patients with similar symptoms. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Hetero‐Bimetallic Ni‐Rh Carbido Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis, Structure and 13C NMR of [Ni10Rh2C(CO)20]2–, [Ni9Rh3C(CO)20]3– and [Ni6Rh8(C2)2(CO)24]4– (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 17/2009)
Authors: Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Zacchini Stefano 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe cover picture The cover picture shows a rare example of CO‐induced cluster condensation rather than degradation to lower nuclearity species. Thus, the hetero‐bimetallic mono‐carbide [Ni10Rh2C(CO)20]2– is transformed into the bis‐acetylide [Ni6Rh8(C2)2(CO)24]4– after exposure to a CO atmosphere. The compounds have been characterised by X‐ray diffraction and 13C NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopic studies point out that the mono‐carbide exists as two isomers, and coordination of Rh atoms to the interstitial carbide atom is very effective in shortening its longitudinal relaxation time (T1) by approximately two orders of magnitude relative to homometallic Ni carbido clusters. Details are discussed in the article by S. Zacchini et al. on p. 2487 ff.
Modeling multivariate extremes of precipitation series in northern Moravia
Authors: Jarušková Daniela 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFour trivariate models are considered to model tail dependence among daily precipitation amounts measured at different meteorological stations. Models are described, it is shown how to generate realizations from them by Monte Carlo method and their properties are compared. It appears that one of the models that belongs to the class of nested logistic models is the best model for all studied triples of stations when values of the maximum likelihood function serve as a criterion. The models are applied to estimate the probability that daily precipitations at several stations exceed some high values as well as the probability that the total of precipitations exceeds some high level. It is interesting that the differences between estimated probabilities obtained from different models are very small but the exceedance probabilities calculated from the considered models are always slightly larger than the corresponding observed frequencies. It seems that for our data the extremal multivariate distributions are good, but far from being perfect, as is often the case in applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MHD flow and heat transfer in a thin liquid film on an unsteady stretching sheet by the homotopy analysis method
Authors: Noor N. F. M. , Abdulaziz O. , Hashim I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamics flow and heat transfer in a thin liquid film over an unsteady elastic stretching surface are analyzed by the homotopy analysis method. A more general surface temperature is taken into consideration. The effects of various parameters in this study are discussed and presented graphically. The good agreement between the analytic series solutions and the previous numerical results shows the effectiveness of HAM to this problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and patterns of regional metastasis in early oral squamous cell cancers: Feasibility of submandibular gland preservation
Authors: Razfar Ali , Walvekar Rohan R. , Melkane Antoine , Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.We aimed to study the incidence of metastasis to the submandibular gland (SMG) and to establish the oncologic basis of SMG preservation in early‐stage cancer of the oral cavity (OSCC).Methods.This was a retrospective study of 261 patients with OSCC treated primarily with surgery at a tertiary medical center. One hundred thirty‐two early‐stage (T1‐2, N0) OSCCs were further analyzed.Results.The mean age was 59 years with male‐to‐female sex ratio of 1.4:1. Two hundred sixty‐one neck dissections were performed with SMG removal in 253 patients. One patient with an advanced floor of mouth cancer had obvious infiltration of the SMG. Only 2.5% (3 of 116) patients with early‐stage OSCC had level I metastasis; none had SMG metastases.Conclusion.SMG preservation in early cancers (T1‐2, N0) of the oral cavity should be feasible unless there is evidence of direct invasion of the gland or close proximity of the cancer to it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Infiltrating macrophage count: A significant predictor for the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chia‐Fang , Huang Chiung‐Shing , Tjiu Jeng‐Wei , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundInfiltrating macrophage count (IMC) is found to correlate with the progression and prognosis of many human cancers.MethodsThis study used immunohistochemistry to measure the IMC (macrophages/high‐power field [HPF]) in 92 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).ResultsA significantly increased IMC was found in OSCCs with larger tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, more advanced clinical stages, or recurrence (all ps < .05). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis found that OSCC patients with IMC >196 macrophages/HPF had a significantly shorter disease‐free (p = .001, log‐rank test) or overall survival (p < .001, log‐rank test) than OSCC patients with IMC <196 macrophages/HPF. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that IMC >196 macrophages/HPF was an independent predictor for poor disease‐free (p = .005) and overall survival of patients with OSCC (p = .015).ConclusionsThe IMC can predict the progression and prognosis of OSCCs in Taiwan. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Exploring the link between microorganisms and oral cancer: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hooper Samuel J. , Wilson Melanie J. , Crean St. John 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe majority of cases of oral cancer have been related to tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. However, the incidence of oral cavity carcinoma appears to be increasing in many parts of the world in a manner that it is difficult to explain with traditional risk factors alone. Meanwhile, interest in the possible relationships between microorganisms and the different stages of cancer development has been rising and numerous mechanisms by which bacteria and yeast may initiate or promote carcinogenesis are currently under investigation. In particular, a persuasive body of evidence suggests a possible etiological role involving the metabolism and production of carcinogenic products, such as acetaldehyde. Other suggested mechanisms include the induction of chronic inflammation and direct interference with eukaryotic cell cycle and signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the known associations between microbial infection and cancer and draw attention to how they may relate to oral carcinoma. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Less Smad2 is good for you! A scientific update on coffee's liver benefits #
Authors: Gressner Olav A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have reported that increased coffee consumption is associated with a slower progression of fibrogenesis in patients with chronic and particularly alcoholic liver disease and a reduced incidence of heptocellular carcinoma. However, a causal mechanistic explanation was pending. New results indicate that the methylxanthine caffeine—a major component of coffee and the most widely consumed pharmacologically active substance in the world—might be responsible for this phenomenon, because it inhibits the synthesis of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, primarily by inducing degradation of Smad2 (and to a much lesser extent Smad3) and thus impairment of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. CTGF and TGF-β play crucial roles in the fibrotic remodeling of various organs, and, ultimately, carcinogenesis. This article summarizes the clinical-epidemiological observations as well as the pathophysiological background and provides suggestions for the therapeutic use of (methyl)xanthine derivatives in the management of fibro-/carcinogenic (liver) diseases. (Hepatology 2009.)