bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Jee Yon Ho , Thibord Florian , Dominguez Alicia , Sept Corriene , Boulier Kristin , Venkateswaran Vidhya , Ding Yi , Cherlin Tess , Verma Shefali Setia , Faro Valeria Lo , Bartz Traci M , Boland Anne , Brody Jennifer A , Deleuze Jean-Francois , Emmerich Joseph , Germain Marine , Johnson Andrew D , Kooperberg Charles , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Pankratz Nathan , Psaty Bruce M , Reiner Alexander P , Smadja David M , Sitlani Colleen M , Suchon Pierre , Tang Weihong , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Zöllner Sebastian , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Damrauer Scott M , Sanna Serena , Snieder Harold ,   Lifelines Cohort Study, Aguirre-Gamboa Raul , Deelen Patrick , Franke Lude , Kuivenhoven Jan A , Lopera Maya Esteban A , Nolte Ilja M , Sanna Serena , Snieder Harold , Swertz Morris A , Visscher Peter M , Vonk Judith M , Wijmenga Cisca , Wray Naomi , Kabrhel Christopher , Smith Nicholas L , Kraft Peter ,   INVENT Consortium
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality, with large disparities in incidence rates between Black and White Americans. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) limited to variants discovered in genome-wide association studies in European-ancestry samples can identify European-ancestry individuals at high risk of VTE. However, there is limited evidence on whether high-dimensional PRS constructed using more sophisticated methods and more diverse training data can enhance the predictive ability and their utility across diverse populations. We developed PRSs for VTE using summary statistics from the International Network against Venous Thrombosis (INVENT) consortium genome-wide association studies meta-analyses of European- (71 771 cases and 1 059 740 controls) and African-ancestry samples (7482 cases and 129 975 controls). We used LDpred2 and PRS-CSx to construct ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs and evaluated their performance in an independent European- (6781 cases and 103 016 controls) and African-ancestry sample (1385 cases and 12 569 controls). Multi-ancestry PRSs with weights tuned in European-ancestry samples slightly outperformed ancestry-specific PRSs in European-ancestry test samples (e.g. the area under the receiver operating curve [AUC] was 0.609 for PRS-CSx_combinedEUR and 0.608 for PRS-CSxEUR [P = 0.00029]). Multi-ancestry PRSs with weights tuned in African-ancestry samples also outperformed ancestry-specific PRSs in African-ancestry test samples (PRS-CSxAFR: AUC = 0.58, PRS-CSx_combined AFR: AUC = 0.59), although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The highest fifth percentile of the best-performing PRS was associated with 1.9-fold and 1.68-fold increased risk for VTE among European- and African-ancestry subjects, respectively, relative to those in the middle stratum. These findings suggest that the multi-ancestry PRS might be used to improve performance across diverse populations to identify individuals at highest risk for VTE.
Polynomial Representations of the Witt Lie Algebra
Authors: Sam Steven V , Snowden Andrew , Tosteson Philip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Witt algebra ${\mathfrak{W}}_{n}$ is the Lie algebra of all derivations of the $n$-variable polynomial ring $\textbf{V}_{n}=\textbf{C}[x_{1}, \ldots , x_{n}]$ (or of algebraic vector fields on $\textbf{A}^{n}$). A representation of ${\mathfrak{W}}_{n}$ is polynomial if it arises as a subquotient of a sum of tensor powers of $\textbf{V}_{n}$. Our main theorems assert that finitely generated polynomial representations of ${\mathfrak{W}}_{n}$ are noetherian and have rational Hilbert series. A key intermediate result states polynomial representations of the infinite Witt algebra are equivalent to representations of $\textbf{Fin}^{\textrm{op}}$, where $\textbf{Fin}$ is the category of finite sets. We also show that polynomial representations of ${\mathfrak{W}}_{n}$ are equivalent to polynomial representations of the endomorphism monoid of $\textbf{A}^{n}$. These equivalences are a special case of an operadic version of Schur–Weyl duality, which we establish.
Ethics of research engagement with Deaf people. A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Krawczyk Tomasz , Piasecki Jan , Wasylewski Mateusz , Waligora Marcin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this article, we explore ethical issues of Deaf people’s engagement in research. To focus on the perspectives of Deaf people, we investigated existing qualitative and mixed methods research within a qualitative evidence synthesis. Our synthesis is based on a systematic database search (Scopus, PubMed) and reference check of included papers which resulted in 27 eligible papers. We analyzed the data using thematic synthesis and developed 5 analytical themes. The results present research as a struggle for Deaf people and emphasize the need for changes regarding recognition of Deaf research in a cross-cultural context, maintaining equal and partner relations, and provision of accessible communication. Our research contributes to understanding what the ethical inclusion of Deaf people in research implies. It may also support the development of evidence-based normative recommendations and scientific cooperation between Deaf and hearing people.
Optimism, pessimism, and physical health among youth: a scoping review
Authors: Fairbank Eloïse J , Borenstein-Laurie James , Alberts Nicole M , Wrosch Carsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
High levels of optimism (and low levels of pessimism) are associated with improved physical health in adults. However, relatively less is known about these relations in youth. The present study aimed to review the literature investigating optimism, pessimism, and physical health in children and adolescents from populations with and without health conditions.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review up until February 2024. Studies were included if they sampled youth (average age ≤18 years) and treated optimism or pessimism as predictors of health behaviors or outcomes. Data on study and sample characteristics, health outcome, optimism construct, and findings were extracted from eligible papers and results were synthesized.

Results
Sixty studies were retained. Most studies were conducted in North America, with adolescents, and used cross-sectional designs and self-reported measures of health. Measures of optimism and pessimism differed across studies. Roughly one-third of studies sampled medical populations. Health categories included substance use, diet and physical activity, sexual health practices, medical adherence, other health behaviors, cardiometabolic health, subjective health/health-related quality of life, pain, sleep, and oral health. Generally, we observed adaptive associations between optimism and health. Higher optimism and lower pessimism were most consistently associated with lower rates of substance use and lower cardiometabolic risk.

Conclusions
The presence of optimism or the absence of pessimism appears to be associated with various adaptive health outcomes among youth with and without health conditions. Developmental, methodological, and clinical considerations for future research are discussed, such as conducting longitudinal studies with objective measures of health and psychometrically validated instruments.
A cesarean section scar dehiscence during the first trimester of an intrauterine pregnancy: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Alhalak Fadi , Haddad Sultaneh , Nasseh Gabriel , Nasseh Mira , Marroush Joud , Abaza Rami , AlSafadi Aya , Hani Majd Jehad Dakhalalah Bani , Kabbabe George Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Uterine rupture is specified as a complete laceration of the uterine wall, including its serosa, leading to a connection between the endometrial and peritoneal chambers. It can occur in any stage of pregnancy and is considered a severe and perhaps fatal complication. A 35-year-old woman at 9 weeks of gestation with a medical history of five prior cesarean sections presented with lower abdominal pain that had lasted for 5 hr. We detected small amounts of free fluid in the Douglas pouch using ultrasound. Subsequently, a laparotomy revealed a cesarean scar dehiscence from a non-cesarean scar pregnancy. Patients who experience a uterine rupture may have vague symptoms, severe abdominal discomfort, abnormal uterine bleeding, and severe hemorrhagic shock, depending on their gestational age. Ultrasound imaging can be used to diagnose this fatal condition in addition to laparoscopy to immediately identify and treat the issue in urgent cases.
Plunging region emission in the X-ray binary MAXI J0637−430
Authors: Mummery Andrew , Jiang Jiachen , Fabian Andrew 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
On 2019 November 2, the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J0637−430 went into outburst, at the start of which it was observed in a thermal ‘disc-dominated’ state. High photon energy (extending above 10 keV) observations taken by the NuSTAR telescope reveal that this thermal spectrum cannot be fit by conventional two-component (disc plus corona) approaches that ignore disc emission sourced from within the plunging region of the black hole’s space–time. Instead, these models require a third ‘additional’ thermal component to reproduce the data. Using new disc solutions that extend classical models into the plunging region, we show that this ‘additional’ thermal emission can be explained self-consistently with photons emitted from the accretion flow at radii within the innermost stable circular orbit of the black hole. This represents the second low-mass X-ray binary, after MAXI J1820+070, with a detection of plunging region emission, suggesting that signatures of this highly relativistic region may well be widespread but not previously widely appreciated. To allow for a detection of the plunging region, the black hole in MAXI J0637−430 must be at most moderately spinning, and we constrain the spin to be $a_\bullet \lt 0.86$ at 99.9 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence. We finish by discussing the observational requirements for the robust detection of this region.
Autocatalytic bifunctional supramolecular hydrogels for osteoporotic bone repair
Authors: Han Zhihui , Gao Xiang , Wang Yuanjie , Huang Cheng , Song Hao , Cheng Shuning , Yang Xiaoyuan , Cui Xiaoliang , Wu Jie , Wei Kailu , Cheng Liang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Conventional bone scaffolds, which are mainly ascribed to highly active osteoclasts and an inflammatory microenvironment with high levels of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factors, barely satisfy osteoporotic defect repair. Herein, multifunctional self-assembled supramolecular fiber hydrogels (Ce–Aln gel) consisting of alendronate (Aln) and cerium (Ce) ions were constructed for osteoporotic bone defect repair. Based on the reversible interaction and polyvalent cerium ions, the Ce–Aln gel, which was mainly composed of ionic coordination and hydrogen bonds, displayed good injectability and autocatalytic amplification of the antioxidant effect. In vitro studies showed that the Ce–Aln gel effectively maintained the biological function of osteoblasts by regulating redox homeostasis and improved the inflammatory microenvironment to enhance the inhibitory effect on osteoclasts. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing further revealed significant downregulation of various metabolic pathways, including apoptosis signaling, hypoxia metabolism and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling via the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway after treatment with the Ce–Aln gel. In vivo experiments showed that the clinical drug-based Ce–Aln gel effectively promoted the tissue repair of osteoporotic bone defects by improving inflammation and inhibiting osteoclast formation at the defect. Notably, in vivo systemic osteoporosis was significantly ameliorated, highlighting the strong potential of clinical translation for precise therapy of bone defects.
Enhanced stiffness in peri-cancerous tissue: a marker of poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Hu Lei , Ye Lei , Pei Chong , Sun Chunlei , Zhang Chaoxue , Jiang Fan , He Nianan , Lv Weifu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. Notably, there is evidence suggesting an association between tissue stiffness and the aggressiveness of the disease. We therefore aimed to explore the effect of tissue stiffness on LNM-related invasiveness in PTC patients.

Method
A total of 2492 PTC patients from 3 hospitals were divided into an LNM group and a non-LNM group based on their pathological results. The effects of interior lesion stiffness (E) and peri-cancerous tissue stiffness (Eshell) on the LNM-related recurrence rate and mortality in each patient with PTC subgroup were analyzed. The activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix component type 1 collagen (COL-I) in the lesion were compared and analyzed across different subgroups. The underlying biological basis of differences in each subgroup was identified using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data.

Results
The Eshell value and Eshell/E in the LNM group were significantly higher than those in the non-LNM group of patients with PTC (Eshell: 72.72 ± 5.63 vs 66.05 ± 4.46; Eshell/E: 1.20 ± 1.72 vs 1.09 ± 1.10, P &lt; .001). When Eshell/E &gt; 1.412 and LNM were both present, the recurrence rate and mortality were significantly increased compared to those of group of patients with LNM (91.67% and 7.29%, respectively). The CAF activation and COL-I content in the Eshell/E+ group were significantly higher than those in the Eshell/E− group (all P &lt; .001), and the RNA-seq results revealed significant extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the LNM-Eshell/E+ group.

Conclusions
Stiff peri-cancerous tissue induced CAF activation, COL-I deposition, and ECM remodeling, resulting in a poor prognosis for PTC patients with LNM.
Computational Reproducibility in Finance: Evidence from 1,000 Tests
Authors: Pérignon Christophe , Akmansoy Olivier , Hurlin Christophe , Dreber Anna , Holzmeister Felix , Huber Jürgen , Johannesson Magnus , Kirchler Michael , Menkveld Albert J , Razen Michael , Weitzel Utz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We analyze the computational reproducibility of more than 1,000 empirical answers to 6 research questions in finance provided by 168 research teams. Running the researchers’ code on the same raw data regenerates exactly the same results only 52% of the time. Reproducibility is higher for researchers with better coding skills and those exerting more effort. It is lower for more technical research questions, more complex code, and results lying in the tails of the distribution. Researchers exhibit overconfidence when assessing the reproducibility of their own research. We provide guidelines for finance researchers and discuss implementable reproducibility policies for academic journals.
Diabetes mellitus and female sexual response: what do animal models tell us?
Authors: Hernández-Munive Abigail Karina , Molina-Leonor Mildred Berenice , Ayala-González Brenda Denisse , Vázquez-Andrade Joanna , Medina-Nieto Alberto , Fernández-Guasti Alonso 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the less explored effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) is female sexual dysfunction. Females of different species have been used as models.AimTo analyze the information of animal models of DM and female sexual response (FSR).MethodsThe literature of FSR in models of DM was reviewed.OutcomesParadigm- and diabetes-dependent changes have been found in various aspects of the FSR.ResultsFemales in a type 1 DM (DM1) model show a decrease in the number of proestrus events, and ovariectomized females treated with sex hormones have been used. In these females, a reduction in lordosis has been reported; in proceptivity, the data are contradictory. These females present a decrease in sexual motivation that was restored after exogenous insulin. In the type 2 DM (DM2) model, females show regular estrous cycles, normal levels of lordosis behavior, and, depending on the paradigm, decreased proceptivity. These females display normal preference for sexually active males or their olfactory cues when having free physical contact; they lose this preference when tested in paradigms where physical interaction is precluded.Clinical TranslationPreclinical data showing the high deleterious effects of a DM1 model and the less drastic effects under a DM2 model are in accordance with clinical data revealing a much higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with DM1 than DM2.Strengths and LimitationsThe main strength is the analysis of the changes in various components of FSR in 2 models of DM. The main limitation is the difficulty in extrapolating the data on FSR from rats to women and that most studies focus on evaluating the impact of severe or chronic-moderate hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia on the sexual response, without considering other pathophysiologic alterations generated by DM.ConclusionFemales with severe hyperglycemia have a decrease in FSR, while those with moderate hyperglycemia show much less drastic effects.
Role of anxiolytic medications in maintaining perioperative blood pressure in total hip arthroplasty surgeries: case-control retrospective study
Authors: Elifranji Zuhdi O. , Al-Ajlouni Jihad M. , Al-Saber Munther G. , Karam Abdulrahman M. , Alshrouf Hadeel A. , Alshrouf Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2024

Background:Elevated blood pressure (BP) measurements seen in patients having total hip arthroplasty (THA), pose a significant issue for surgeons. The study objective was to investigate the effectiveness of preoperative anxiolytic medications in the maintenance of blood pressure and reduction of total blood loss in patients undergoing THA surgeries.Methods:A retrospective case-control cohort study in a tertiary care university hospital included patients who had THA and had either primary managed hypertension or were non-hypertensive. 190 patients who underwent primary THR; 103 controls and 87 treatment group (Oral 3 mg Bromazepam). Pearson’s chi-square, independent sample t-test, paired samples t-test, and a two- way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized in the analysis.Results:Bromazepam group had a significantly lowered ratio of systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the morning of the surgery (P<0.05). Bromazepam also reduced the ratio of SBP and MAP in theaters before anesthesia (P<0.05). A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant treatment effects for SBP and MAP but not DBP (P<0.001 for both). SBP, DBP, and MAP showed a significant time-treatment effect (P<0.001, 0.019, and<0.001, respectively).Conclusions:Oral bromazepam (anxiolytic) aids in the regulation of blood pressure in individuals with well-managed hypertension and in healthy patients having total hip arthroplasty without apparent adverse effects related to the medication. This could potentially reduce the number of uncontrolled hypertension-related surgery delays and patients on the surgical waiting list.
Unveiling the Potential of AI in Plastic Surgery Education: A Comparative Study of Leading AI Platforms’ Performance on In-training Examinations
Authors: DiDonna Nicole , Shetty Pragna N. , Khan Kamran , Damitz Lynn 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Within the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have sparked fascination for their potential as an educational tool. Although it has been documented that one such chatbot, ChatGPT, is capable of performing at a moderate level on plastic surgery examinations and has the capacity to become a beneficial educational tool, the potential of other chatbots remains unexplored.

Methods:
To investigate the efficacy of AI chatbots in plastic surgery education, performance on the 2019–2023 Plastic Surgery In-service Training Examination (PSITE) was compared among seven popular AI platforms: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Google Bard, Google PaLM, Microsoft Bing AI, Claude, and My AI by Snapchat. Answers were evaluated for accuracy and incorrect responses were characterized by question category and error type.

Results:
ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed the other platforms, reaching accuracy rates up to 79%. On the 2023 PSITE, ChatGPT-4.0 ranked in the 95th percentile of first-year residents; however, relative performance worsened when compared with upper-level residents, with the platform ranking in the 12th percentile of sixth-year residents. The performance among other chatbots was comparable, with their average PSITE score (2019–2023) ranging from 48.6% to 57.0%.

Conclusions:
Results of our study indicate that ChatGPT-4.0 has potential as an educational tool in the field of plastic surgery; however, given their poor performance on the PSITE, the use of other chatbots should be cautioned against at this time. To our knowledge, this is the first article comparing the performance of multiple AI chatbots within the realm of plastic surgery education.
Reappraisal of the Parenchyma-Sparing Resections for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Chinese High-volume Center Experience
Authors: Zhang Haoqi , Tan Chunlu , Liu Xubao , Wang Xing 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Parenchyma-sparing resections (PSRs) are increasingly used for small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) to preserve the function of the gland. However, the data are extremely limited due to the rarity of this tumor.

Aims:
This study sought to describe the indications, operative technique, short and long-term outcomes of PSRs for PNENs, with a focus on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and oncologic outcomes.

Methods:
From 2008 to 2018, data collected retrospectively from 113 PNENs that underwent PSRs (113/421, 27%) were reviewed. A comparison was conducted of PSRs of PNENs without (group1, n=101) or with pancreatic transection (group 2, n=12).

Results:
Of the 113 patients, the most common indication for PSRs was insulinoma (80%), followed by NF-PNEN (20%). The majority of lesions were WHO G1 grade (80/113, 71%). The mean maximum diameter of the tumors was 19 mm. Patients who underwent PSRs had a low rate of severe postoperative morbidity (7/113, 6%). Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency occurred in only 1% and 7% of patients respectively. And there was no evidence of tumor recurrence after PSRs detected during follow-up. Age was identified as the only independent positive risk factor of POPF in group 1. Patients in group 2 had significantly higher rates of POPF (p=0.002), overall morbidity (p=0.002), severe morbidity (p=0.026) and readmission (p=0.004).

Conclusions:
PSRs of PNENs appear to be feasible and safe, preserving the endocrine and exocrine function of the gland with no increased risk of recurrence or metastasis. In contrast, PSRs involving transection of the pancreas should be performed more cautiously.