bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents With Migraine in Clinical Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruijn Jacques , Locher Heiko , Passchier Jan , Dijkstra Natascha , Arts Willem-Frans 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:In past decades, numerous population- and hospital-based studies have revealed a relationship between migraine or headache and psychopathology in children.OBJECTIVE:To describe and assess all clinical studies on the prevalence and manifestations of psychological functioning and psychiatric comorbidity in children with migraine and to provide recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment.METHODS:A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database to identify clinical studies that assessed psychological functioning and/or psychiatric comorbidity in children with migraine. Trial quality was assessed according to a standardized and validated set of criteria.RESULTS:Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Evidence assessment was performed by using the best-evidence synthesis method of Slavin. On the basis of this method, we found strong evidence that children with migraine in a clinical setting do not exhibit more withdrawn behavior, do not have more thought problems, do not have more social problems, and do not exhibit more delinquent or aggressive behavior than healthy children. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that children with migraine have more somatic complaints and exhibit internalizing behavior which is, given the construct of the outcome measure used, a consequence of the nature of their disease rather than a sign of psychological dysfunctioning. Finally, compared with healthy children, there is limited evidence that children with migraine in a clinical setting are more frequently diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, and they are not more frequently diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, dysthymia, or depression.CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of this review, we conclude that children with migraine at referral to a specialist do not exhibit more psychological dysfunctioning and (to a lesser extent) do not exhibit more psychiatric comorbidity compared with healthy controls.
Birth Before 39 Weeks' Gestation Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Neonates With Heart Disease
Authors: Costello John M. , Polito Angelo , Brown David W. , McElrath Thomas F. , Graham Dionne A. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Bacha Emile A. , Allan Catherine K. , Cohen Jennifer N. , Laussen Peter C. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:
Recent studies have revealed increased morbidity and mortality rates in term neonates without birth defects who were delivered before 39 weeks of completed gestation. We sought to determine if a similar association exists between gestational age at delivery and adverse outcomes in neonates with critical congenital heart disease, with particular interest in those born at 37 to 38 weeks' gestation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We studied 971 consecutive neonates who had critical congenital heart disease and a known gestational age and were admitted to our cardiac ICU from 2002 through 2008. Gestational age was stratified into 5 groups: &gt;41, 39 to 40, 37 to 38, 34 to 36, and &lt;34 completed weeks. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate mortality and a composite morbidity variable. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate duration of ventilation, intensive care, and hospitalization.

RESULTS:
Compared with the referent group of neonates who were delivered at 39 to 40 completed weeks' gestation, neonates born at 37 to 38 weeks had increased mortality (6.9% vs 2.6%; adjusted P = .049) and morbidity (49.7% vs 39.7%; adjusted P = .02) rates and tended to require a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (adjusted P = .05). Patients born after 40 or before 37 weeks also had greater adjusted mortality rates, and those born before 37 weeks had increased morbidity rates and required more days of mechanical ventilation and intensive care.

CONCLUSIONS:
For neonates with critical congenital heart disease, delivery before 39 weeks' gestation is associated with greater mortality and morbidity rates and more resource use. With respect to neonatal mortality, the ideal gestational age for delivery of these patients may be 39 to 40 completed weeks.
The Upper Givetian (Middle Devonian) Subterminus Conodont Zone in North America, Europe and North Africa
Authors: Narkiewicz Katarzyna , Bultynck Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Late Givetian and early Frasnian conodont communities with Icriodus subterminus have been revised on the basis of collections from Iowa (USA), the Boulonnais and the Ardennes (northern France and Belgium), the Radom-Lublin area and Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), and the Ma'der-Tafilalt region (southeast Morocco). As a result an Icriodus subterminus Zone with a threefold subdivision is defined. The three subzones correspond approximately to the “Lower and Upper subterminus Fauna” and the “insita Fauna” commonly used in N America for the study of shallow-water platform carbonate successions.The base of the subterminus Zone corresponds to a level within the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone; the top is characterized by the occurrence of the earliest Ancyrodella taxa, Montagne Noire Zones MN 1 and the base of MN 2 or slightly above the base of the falsiovalis Zone.The diagnosis of Icriodus subterminus is amended and two morphotypes are recognized. The stratigraphic range of the alpha morphotype is confined to an interval between the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone and the top of the MN 3 Zone; the beta morphotype may range into the MN 6 Zone.The holotype of Icriodus subterminus from the North Liberty beds in Iowa is most likely a specimen that was reworked from the Cedar Valley Limestone. Icriodus cedarensis and Icriodus tafilaltensis are described as new species, and the diagnoses of Icriodus excavatus and Icriodus expansus are amended. Between the Icriodus difficilis and Icriodus symmetricus zones, an Icriodus expansus Zone is defined.
Evidence for the spatial segregation hypothesis: a test with nine‐year survivorship data in a Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Raventós José , Wiegand Thorsten , Luis Martín De 
Published: July 2010

A current focus of ecology is the investigation of spatial effects on population and community dynamics; however, spatiotemporal theory remains largely untested by empirical observations or experimental studies. For example, the segregation hypothesis predicts that intraspecific aggregation should increase the importance of intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition, thereby enhancing local coexistence in plant communities. We applied recent methods of point pattern analysis to analyze a unique long‐term data set on fully mapped seedling emergence and subsequent survival in a Mediterranean gorse shrubland after experimental fires and simulated torrential rainfall events. Our overall aim was to test if the observed spatial patterns were consistent with the segregation hypothesis during the entire community dynamics from early seedling emergence to the establishment of a mature community, i.e., we explored if the observed initial segregation did indeed prevent interspecific competition from becoming dominant. We used random labeling as the null model and specific test statistics to evaluate different biological effects of the spatial interactions that determine mortality.We found that mortality was clearly not random. Comparison of the probability of mortality in dependence on the distance to conspecific and to heterospecific plants showed that mortality was controlled almost entirely by intraspecific interactions, which is consistent with the segregation hypothesis. Dead plants were aggregated and segregated from surviving plants, indicating two‐sided scramble competition. Spatial interactions were density dependent and changed their sign over the course of time from positive to negative when plants grew to maturity. The simulated torrential rainfall events and subsequent erosion caused nonspecific mortality of seedlings but did not reduce the prevalence of intraspecific competition. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of plants may profoundly affect competition and can be an important determinant in the coexistence of species and biodiversity.
Local population extinction and vitality of an epiphytic lichen in fragmented old‐growth forest
Authors: Öckinger Erik , Nilsson Sven G. 
Published: July 2010

The population dynamics of organisms living in short‐lived habitats will largely depend on the turnover of habitat patches. It has been suggested that epiphytes, whose host plants can be regarded as habitat patches, often form such patch‐tracking populations. However, very little is known about the long‐term fate of epiphyte individuals and populations. We estimated life span and assessed environmental factors influencing changes in vitality, fertility, abundance, and distribution of the epiphytic lichen speciesLobaria pulmonariaon two spatial scales, individual trees and forest patches, over a period of ~10 years in 66 old‐growth forest fragments.The lichen had gone extinct from 7 of the 66 sites (13.0%) where it was found 10 years earlier, even though the sites remained unchanged. The risk of local population extinction increased with decreasing population size. In contrast to the decrease in the number of occupied trees and sites, the mean area of the lichen per tree increased by 43.0%. The number of trees with fertile ramets ofL. pulmonariaincreased from 7 (~1%) to 61 (~10%) trees, and the number of forest fragments with fertile ramets increased from 4 to 23 fragments.The mean annual rate ofL. pulmonariaextinction at the tree level was estimated to be 2.52%, translating into an expected lifetime of 39.7 years. This disappearance rate is higher than estimated mortality rates for potential host trees. The risk of extinction at the tree level was significantly positively related to tree circumference and differed between tree species. The probability of presence of fertile ramets increased significantly with local population size.Our results show a long expected lifetime ofLobaria pulmonariaramets on individual trees and a recent increase in vitality, probably due to decreasing air pollution. The population is, however, declining slowly even though remaining stands are left uncut, which we interpret as an extinction debt.
Modern analogues for Miocene to Pleistocene alkali basaltic phreatomagmatic fields in the Pannonian Basin: “soft-substrate” to “combined” aquifer controlled phreatomagmatism in intraplate volcanic fields Research Article
Authors: Németh Károly , Cronin Shane , Haller Miguel , Brenna Marco , Csillag Gabor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) hosts numerous alkali basaltic volcanic fields in an area similar to 200 000 km2. These volcanic fields were formed in an approximate time span of 8 million years producing smallvolume volcanoes typically considered to be monogenetic. Polycyclic monogenetic volcanic complexes are also common in each field however. The original morphology of volcanic landforms, especially phreatomagmatic volcanoes, is commonly modified. by erosion, commonly aided by tectonic uplift. The phreatomagmatic volcanoes eroded to the level of their sub-surface architecture expose crater to conduit filling as well as diatreme facies of pyroclastic rock assemblages. Uncertainties due to the strong erosion influenced by tectonic uplifts, fast and broad climatic changes, vegetation cover variations, and rapidly changing fluvio-lacustrine events in the past 8 million years in the Pannonian Basin have created a need to reconstruct and visualise the paleoenvironment into which the monogenetic volcanoes erupted. Here phreatomagmatic volcanic fields of the Miocene to Pleistocene western Hungarian alkali basaltic province have been selected and compared with modern phreatomagmatic fields. It has been concluded that the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF) in New Zealand could be viewed as a prime modern analogue for the western Hungarian phreatomagmatic fields by sharing similarities in their pyroclastic successions textures such as pyroclast morphology, type, juvenile particle ratio to accidental lithics. Beside the AVF two other, morphologically more modified volcanic fields (Pali Aike, Argentina and Jeju, Korea) show similar features to the western Hungarian examples, highlighting issues such as preservation potential of pyroclastic successions of phreatomagmatic volcanoes.
Early postpartum hysterectomy: incidence and risk factors
Authors: ROETHLISBERGER MARIA , WOMASTEK IRENE , POSCH MARTIN , HUSSLEIN PETER , PATEISKY NORBERT , LEHNER RAINER 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective. To determine the incidence and risk factors of early postpartum hysterectomy at the University Hospital in Vienna. Design. Retrospective case–control study. Setting. General Hospital Vienna, a tertiary referral center. Population. All 15,858 women who gave birth between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2008. Methods. Analysis of all cases of early postpartum hysterectomy using data from the clinical documentation system. Main outcome measure. Postpartum hysterectomy done during or within 24 hours of birth. Results. The incidence of early postpartum hysterectomy was 1.39/1,000. Abnormally adherent placenta was the most common cause for hysterectomy followed by uterine atony and uterine rupture. There were no maternal deaths. Abnormal placentation, increased blood loss and lower gestational age were significant risk factors in women undergoing hysterectomy. The newborns of these women had a lower birthweight, significantly lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes and were more often transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). An additional analysis in a sample of women with uterine atony identified age as risk factor for hysterectomy. Conclusion. Abnormal placentation, increased blood loss, low gestational age and maternal age are risk factors for early postpartum hysterectomy.
Gideon Mantell and the ‘Xanthidia’
Authors: SARJEANT WILLIAM A.S. 
Published: July 2010

Gideon Mantell's renown stems from his studies of the dinosaurs and large invertebrate fossils of southeastern England. However, his researches were not limited to macroscopic fossils of moderate to large size, but also comprised studies under the microscope of some of the very smallest fossils. On these also, he made fundamental contributions to scientific knowledge, though inadvertently leaving later workers a legacy of taxonomic problems. His work is summarized, and the story of its rediscovery told, by a person privileged not only to bring Mantell's researches to the attention of modern micropalaeontologists, but also to participate in the fluke rediscovery of one of Mantell's lost type specimens.
A rapid and inexpensive method for the direct PCR amplification of DNA from plants
Authors: Bellstedt Dirk U. , Pirie Michael D. , Visser J. Christiaan , de Villiers Margaret J. , Gehrke Berit 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: We present a rapid and inexpensive alternative to DNA isolation for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from plants.• Methods and Results: The method involves direct PCR amplification from material macerated in one buffer, followed by dilution and incubation in a second buffer. We describe the procedure and demonstrate its application for nuclear and plastid DNA amplification across a broad range of vascular plants.• Conclusions: The method is fast, easy to perform, cost‐effective, and consequently ideal for large sample numbers. It represents a considerable simplification of present approaches requiring DNA isolation prior to PCR amplification and will be useful in plant systematics and biotechnology, including applications such as DNA barcoding.
Revisiting Tietze–Nakajima: Local and Global Convexity for Maps
Authors: Bjorndahl Christina , Karshon Yael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA theorem of Tietze and Nakajima, from 1928, asserts that if a subset X of ℝn is closed, connected, and locally convex, then it is convex. We give an analogous “local to global convexity” theorem when the inclusion map of X to ℝn is replaced by a map from a topological space X toℝRn that satisfies certain local properties. Our motivation comes from the Condevaux–Dazord–Molino proof of the Atiyah–Guillemin–Sternberg convexity theorem in symplectic geometry.
Functoriality of the Canonical Fractional Galois Ideal
Authors: Buckingham Paul , Snaith Victor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe fractional Galois ideal is a conjectural improvement on the higher Stickelberger ideals defined at negative integers, and is expected to provide non-trivial annihilators for higherK-groups of rings of integers of number fields. In this article, we extend the definition of the fractional Galois ideal to arbitrary (possibly infinite and non-abelian) Galois extensions of number fields under the assumption of Stark's conjectures and prove naturality properties under canonical changes of extension. We discuss applications of this to the construction of ideals in non-commutative Iwasawa algebras.
Polymer‐Supported Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Ester: An Efficient Biomimetic Hydrogen Source for the Reduction of Ketimines and Electron‐Withdrawing Group Conjugated Olefins
Authors: Che Jun , Lam Yulin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA polymer‐supported Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridine ester was observed to be a useful selective reducing agent for the reduction of ketimines and electron‐withdrawing conjugated olefins. The rate of the reduction of electron‐withdrawing conjugated olefins is dependent on the nature of the conjugated substituents and could be enhanced by microwave irradiation. The reduction of (Z)‐α‐cyano‐β‐bromomethylcinnamates to cyclopropane derivatives using polymer‐supported Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridine ester was found to proceed stereoselectively and in good yields.
FI Catalysts: A Molecular Zeolite for Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Makio Haruyuki , Ochiai Takashi , Tanaka Hidetsugu , Fujita Terunori 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA bis(phenoxyimine) group 4 transition metal catalyst (now known as FI catalysts) can discern ethylene from a mixture of ethylene and propylene at more than 99% selectivity. Denisty function theory (DFT) calculations revealed a spatially confined reaction site in the transition states of the migratory insertion which is just the right size for an ethylene molecule but too small for a propylene one. The substituents adjacent to the phenoxy‐oxygens are of crucial importance in developing the size/shape‐selectivity.
Water‐soluble copolymers from functionalized monomers (sodium o‐ and p‐methacryloylaminophenylarsonate): Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Yáñez‐Martínez Bibiana A. , Percino Judith , Chapela Víctor M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCopolymers of sodium o‐methacryloylaminophenylarsonate (o‐MAPHA‐Na) 1 and p‐methacrylolylaminophenylarsonate (p‐MAPHA‐Na) 2 with sodium acrylate (AA‐Na) 3, sodium methacrylate (AM‐Na) 4 and acrylamide (AAD) 5 were prepared by free radical polymerization in aqueous media at 70°C using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as the initiator. The total monomer concentration was carried out at 0.5M and the feed ratio (M1 : M2) was varied from 10 : 90 to 90 : 10 mol%. The kinetic study was carried out by dilatometric method. The copolymer compositions were calculated by arsenic content in the copolymers. The As content (ppm) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The reactivity ratios (r1, r2) were estimated by the Kelen‐Tüdös linearization method as well as error‐in‐variables method using the computer program RREVM®. In all cases, r1 < 1 and r2 > 1, indicating a tendency to form random copolymers. The values suggest that the copolymers contain a larger proportion of comonomer (i.e., AA‐Na, AM‐Na, or AAD). Weight‐average molar masses (Mw) of copolymers were determined by multi‐angle light scattering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Functional copolymer/organo‐MMT nanoarchitectures. II. Dynamic mechanical behavior of poly(MA‐co‐BMA)s‐organo‐MMT clay nanocomposites
Authors: Rzayev Zakir M. O. , Güner Ali , Söylemez Ernur A. , Kavlak Serap 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFunctional copolymer/organo‐silicate [N,N′‐dimethyldodecyl ammonium cation surface modified montmorillonite (MMT)] layered nanocomposites have been synthesized by interlamellar complex‐radical copolymerization of preintercalated maleic anhydride (MA)/ organo‐MMT complex as a ‘nano‐reactor’ with n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) as an internal plasticization comonomer in the presence of radical initiator. Synthesized copolymers and their nanocomposites were investigated by dynamic mechanic analysis, X‐ray diffraction, SEM, and TEM methods. It was found that nanocomposite dynamic mechanical properties strongly depend on the force of interfacial MA…organo‐MMT complex formation and the amount of flexible n‐butyl ester linkages. An increase in both of these parameters leads to enhanced intercalation and exfoliation in situ processes of copolymer chains and the formation of hybrid nanocomposites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The number of elevated cytokines and chemokines in preclinical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis predicts time to diagnosis in an age‐dependent manner
Authors: Deane Kevin D. , O'Donnell Colin I. , Hueber Wolfgang , Majka Darcy S. , Lazar Ann A. , Derber Lezlie A. , Gilliland William R. , Edison Jess D. , Norris Jill M. , Robinson William H. , Holers V. Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate levels of biomarkers in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to use elevated biomarkers to develop a model for the prediction of time to future diagnosis of seropositive RA.MethodsStored samples obtained from 73 military cases with seropositive RA prior to RA diagnosis and from controls (mean 2.9 samples per case; samples collected a mean of 6.6 years prior to diagnosis) were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) isotypes, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies, 14 cytokines and chemokines (by bead‐based assay), and C‐reactive protein (CRP).ResultsPreclinical positivity for anti‐CCP and/or ≥2 RF isotypes was >96% specific for future RA. In preclinical RA, levels of the following were positive in a significantly greater proportion of RA cases versus controls: interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, IL‐15, fibroblast growth factor 2, flt‐3 ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon‐γ–inducible 10‐kd protein, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and CRP. Also, increasing numbers of elevated cytokines/chemokines were present in cases nearer to the time of diagnosis. RA patients who were ≥40 years old at diagnosis had a higher proportion of samples positive for cytokines/chemokines 5–10 years prior to diagnosis than did patients who were <40 years old at diagnosis (P < 0.01). In regression modeling using only case samples positive for autoantibodies highly specific for future RA, increasing numbers of cytokines/chemokines were predictive of decreased time to diagnosis, and the predicted time to diagnosis based on cytokines/chemokines was longer in older compared with younger cases.ConclusionLevels of autoantibodies, cytokines/chemokines, and CRP are elevated in the preclinical period of RA development. In preclinical autoantibody‐positive cases, the number of elevated cytokines/chemokines is predictive of the time of diagnosis of future RA in an age‐dependent manner.