bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis and successful medical management of an intramural ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Ong Clara , Su Lin‐Lin , Chia Dawn , Choolani Mahesh , Biswas Arijit 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report a case of posterior wall intramural pregnancy in a 36‐year‐old primigravida at 6 weeks gestation. Sonographic examination showed a viable intramural pregnancy distorting the contour of the uterus. The pregnancy was terminated by intrafetal injection of potassium chloride followed by intra‐amniotic methotrexate injection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Combined use of RNAi strategies with in vitro mouse limb bud culture
Authors: Zhu Yongfei , Zhu Jiangbo , Wan Xuying , Zhu Yuping , Zhang Tianbao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMethods for knocking out genes and generating transgenic animals are available to study gene functions during embryogenesis. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved eukaryotic mechanism in which double‐stranded RNA induces sequence‐specific degradation of homologous mRNAs, has become a powerful tool for investigating gene function in cells, whole animals, and embryos. Additionally, in vitro mouse limb bud culture is available to study limb development. By microinjection, we established a new method combining the use of RNAi strategies with in vitro mouse limb bud culture to investigate the functions of various genes during embryonic limb development. Using this new method, we found that HspB10 may play a role during skeletal development of limbs. It shows that the combined use of RNAi strategies (via microinjection) with in vitro mouse limb bud culture system may become a technique for investigating gene function in limb development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:412–416, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possibility of mixed progenitor cells in sea star arm regeneration
Authors: Hernroth Bodil , Farahani Farhad , Brunborg Gunnar , Dupont Sam , Dejmek Annika , Nilsson Sköld Helen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn contrast to most vertebrates, invertebrate deuterostome echinoderms, such as the sea star Asterias rubens, undergo regeneration of lost body parts. The current hypothesis suggests that differentiated cells are the main source for regenerating arm in sea stars, but there is little information regarding the origin and identity of these cells. Here, we show that several organs distant to the regenerating arm responded by proliferation, most significantly in the coelomic epithelium and larger cells of the pyloric caeca. Analyzing markers for proliferating cells and parameters indicating cell ageing, such as levels of DNA damage, pigment, and lipofuscin contents as well as telomere length and telomerase activity, we suggest that cells contributing to the new arm likely originate from progenitors rather than differentiated cells. This is the first study showing that cells of mixed origin may be recruited from more distant sources of stem/progenitor cells in a sea star, and the first described indication of a role for pyloric caeca in arm regeneration. Data on growth rate during arm regeneration further indicate that regeneration is at the expense of whole animal growth. We propose a new working hypothesis for arm regeneration in sea stars involving four phases: wound healing by coelomocytes, migration of distant progenitor cells of mixed origin including from pyloric caeca, proliferation in these organs to compensate for cell loss, and finally, local proliferation in the regenerating arm. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:457–468, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Derivation of fluorine‐containing pyridinedicarboxylates. III Regio‐selective anion chemistry at the 2‐ and 4‐position
Authors: Chupp John P. , Molyneaux John M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn contrast of Part II of the series, 4‐alkyl‐2‐(difluoromethyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylates, 1, were reacted with various strength bases to effect regio‐selective reaction of electrophiles at either the benzylic carbanion of the 4‐position, or at the 2‐(difluoromethyl)carbanion. Weaker bases up to and including potassium butoxide or lithium bis(trimethylsilylamide) effected reaction of 1 at the 4‐position to produce 2 and 3 by Stobbe‐type condensations of aldehydes and ketones. In similar manner carbon disulfide, carbon dioxide, alkyl halides, silyl halides, and hexachloroethane produced the highly functionalized derivatives 4‐10. In contrast, use of lithium diisopropylamide and like bases selectively effected carbanion formation at the 2‐position to form, with the cited electrophiles and others, substitution products 11. The latter were further derived to the highly functional materials, 12‐19.
Introduction to a culture, process, and philosophy
Authors: Bunting Jr. Robert F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPatient‐ and family‐centered care is not a new concept, but it has garnered increased interest and support during the last decade. While most healthcare providers are excellent at providing clinical care, the practice of addressing the myriad other patient and family needs requires a conscious and collaborative effort. Though the staff of hospitals and other patient settings across the country have achieved various degrees of successful implementation of patient‐ and family‐centered care initiatives, the success has not been universal. An objective evaluation of patient‐ and family‐centered initiatives is needed. However, underdeveloped evaluation processes should not prevent the implementation of best practices that already have shown demonstrable success.
Enterprise‐wide effort brings patient perspective into mix
Authors: Sodomka Patricia , Spake Michael A. , Rush Jr. James J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe National Patient Safety Foundation presented its 2009 Socius Award to the Medical College of Georgia (MCG Health). The award was given in recognition of the positive manner in which MCG Health collaborates with patients and families. The success achieved by MCG Health detailed in this article can motivate other hospital leaders, and the examples of collaboration can serve as templates for developing similar programs.
Building confidence into communication of bad news: The role of the patient advocate
Authors: Sullivan Ruth P. , Waldemayer Carol R. , Bunting Jr. Robert F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe need for a patient advocate is greater than ever as medical errors continue to occur. News media quickly capture the egregious errors, but more errors are experienced by patients who suffer quietly. These patients know something wrong occurred during their hospitalization, but they choose to refrain from pursuing litigation against the providers. There also are thousands of individuals who never realize that a medical error occurred. In a patient‐ and family‐centered care environment, patient advocates can bridge these issues by participating on the healthcare team that is involved with the initial disclosure of the event and by providing a caring relationship to assure the patient's voice is heard and understood.
Epstein–Barr virus can infect rabbits by the intranasal or peroral route: An animal model for natural primary EBV infection in humans
Authors: Okuno Keisuke , Takashima Kazuaki , Kanai Kyosuke , Ohashi Makoto , Hyuga Ryosuke , Sugihara Hirotsugu , Kuwamoto Satoshi , Kato Masako , Sano Hitoshi , Sairenji Takeshi , Kanzaki Susumu , Hayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is spread universally in humans, and it causes infectious mononucleosis and sometimes induces serious EBV‐associated disease. The detailed mechanism of primary infection in humans has remained unclear, because it is difficult to examine the dynamics of EBV in vivo. In this study, a natural EBV‐infection rabbit model by intranasal or peroral inoculation is described. Ten male rabbits were examined for EBV‐DNA or mRNA expression and anti‐EBV antibodies in blood. Four of 10 rabbits showed the evidence of EBV infection; detection of EBV‐DNA or EBV‐related genes mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased EBV antibodies in the plasma, and the presence of lymphocytes expressing EBER1 and EBV‐related gene proteins in the lymphoid tissues of a rabbit. Three of four infected rabbits were detected transiently EBV‐DNA and/or mRNA of EBV‐related genes such as EBNA1, EBNA2, BZLF1, and EA in blood, while in one of four, EBV‐DNA and/or mRNA were detected for more than 200 days after viral inoculation. The level of EA‐IgG increased and its level was maintained in all infected rabbits, whereas those of VCA‐IgM and VCA‐IgG increased transiently, and EBNA‐IgG was not elevated. Pathological examination of a rabbit infected transiently revealed some scattered lymphocytes expressing EBER1, LMP1, and EBNA2 in the spleen and lymph nodes. EA expression was also observed in the spleen. These findings suggest that EBV can infect the rabbit by the intranasal or peroral route, and that this rabbit model is useful for examining the pathophysiology of natural primary EBV infection in humans. J. Med. Virol. 82:977–986, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do steatosis and steatohepatitis impact on sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C infection?
Authors: Cross T.J.S. , Quaglia A. , Nolan J. , Hughes S. , Harrison P.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe impact of steatosis on treatment response in chronic hepatitis C infection is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether steatosis ± steatohepatitis on pre‐treatment liver biopsy influenced sustained virological response (HCV RNA negative 6 months after completing therapy) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated with pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin. One hundred and seventy‐nine patients, median age 46 years (interquartile range 40–52), treated between 2001 and 2005. Histological evidence of steatosis was present in 93 patients (52%) and steatohepatitis in 33 patients (18%), 31 patients (17.3%) were cirrhotic. There were 106 (59%) responders, who were similar to non‐responders in respect to gender, age, and pre‐treatment ALT. On univariate analysis, infection with genotype 2 or 3 was associated with sustained virological response (odds ratio 6.5 (95% CI, 3.3–12.5); P < 0.0001), whereas cirrhosis and patient weight were associated with a reduced response (odds ratios 0.23 (95% CI, 0.11–0.48); P < 0.0001, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.99); P < 0.01, respectively); steatohepatitis but not steatosis impacted on the likelihood of achieving sustained virological response (odds ratio 0.37 (95% CI, 0.17–0.77); P = 0.009, and P = 0.18, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that infection with genotype 1 or 4 (odds ratio 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03–0.32); P < 0.001) and pre‐treatment weight (odds ratio 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98); P = 0.002) were the only variables associated independently with sustained virological response. In chronic hepatitis C infection, although steatosis was associated with steatohepatitis, neither was shown to affect sustained virological response, which was influenced by genotype, patient weight and the presence of cirrhosis. J. Med. Virol. 82:958–964, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of group A rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina 2004–2007: Reemergence of G2P[4] and emergence of G9P[8] strains
Authors: Esteban Laura E. , Rota Rosana P. , Gentsch Jon R. , Jiang Baoming , Esona Mathew , Glass Roger I. , Glikmann Graciela , Castello Alejandro A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDetection and characterization of group A rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was conducted on 710 fecal samples from children 0–15 years old collected between 2004 and 2007. Rotavirus was detected in 140 (19.7%) samples with G9P[8] (30.0%) and G2P[4] (21.4%) as the most common genotypes. Mixed (G and/or P) infections accounted for 17.9% of the samples and the emerging G12 strain was detected during 2004 (3.5%) and 2007 (2.5%). Genotype G2 was the most prevalent during 2004 (43.9%) and 2007 (57.5%) and G9 during 2005 (58.0%) and 2006 (61.5%). Analysis of genotype prevalences from studies performed since 1996 in the same area showed striking natural fluctuations in G and P genotype frequencies. In particular, G2P[4] strains disappeared after 1999 and reemerged in 2004 to become the predominant strain by 2007 with a concomitant major decrease in G1P[8] prevalence. The VP7 genes from Argentinian G9 and G2 strains were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted in order to compare with sequences from strains isolated in regional countries reported previously. Several changes in the deduced amino acid sequence in antigenic regions of the VP7 protein from Argentinian and Brazilian strains were identified compared to vaccine strains. Overall, this study revealed relationships in the circulation of rotavirus strains in South American countries and major replacements in dominant genotypes, including the virtual disappearance of G1P[8] strains in a non‐vaccinated population. High numbers of mixed infections speeding up evolution, circulation of rare serotypes, and antigenic drift could, eventually, become challenges for new vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 82:1083–1093, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between human papillomavirus infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Morshed Kamal 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using two methods: PCR‐DNA enzyme immunoassay (PCR/DEIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of HPV in specimens of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to correlate the presence of HPV with the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of recurrence and survival. HPV DNA was amplified from 93 paraffin‐embedded laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens by the short PCR fragment (SPF 10) primer set using PCR/DNA method. HPV detection using monoclonal anti‐human papilloma virus antibodies Clone K1H8 for IHC reaction was performed on 130 specimens. HPV was identified in 35.5% of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using PCR/DEIA and 27.7% using IHC. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of HPV and the epidemiological and clinicopathological features and recurrence. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of HPV and overall survival nor disease specific survival. Statistically significant correlation between HPV detection using PCR/DEIA technique and IHC technique was found. The presence of HPV infection in 27.7% and 38.9% of the patients suggests a possible role in the etiology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The SPF10 PCR/DEIA technique is the most accurate method for detection of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 82:1017–1023, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus 6‐A, 6‐B, and 7 in vitreous fluid samples
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey I. , Fahle Gary , Kemp Margaret A. , Apakupakul Kathleen , Margolis Todd P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV‐6, HHV‐7) have been associated with several neurologic syndromes and have been detected in nervous tissue from healthy persons; however, only two cases of HHV‐6A have been reported to be associated with intraocular inflammatory disease. Vitreous fluid was tested from 101 patients, including 69 samples from patients with ocular inflammation including CMV retinitis, idiopathic retinitis, iritis, and vitritis, for HHV‐6A, HHV‐6B, and HHV‐7 DNA by PCR. HHV‐6A DNA (4,950 copies per ml) was detected in vitreous fluid from one patient with CMV retinitis, HHV‐6B DNA (10,140 copies per ml) was detected in vitreous fluid from one patient with idiopathic ocular inflammation in the absence of CMV DNA, and HHV‐7 was not detected in any of the vitreous samples. HHV‐6A, HHV‐6B, and HHV‐7 DNA are detectable in less than 2% of vitreous samples in patients with ocular inflammation. J. Med. Virol. 82:996–999, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates expression of calpain small subunit 1 via nuclear facter‐κB/p65 in hepatoma cells
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Qi , Ye Lihong , Feng Yingming , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely correlated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles. HBx is believed to be a multifunctional oncoprotein. It has been reported that the calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) is upregulated in the HCC tissues and involved in the metastasis of HCC. Therefore, we suppose that HBx may promote hepatoma cell migration through Capn4. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HBx on regulating Capn4 expression in human HCC cells. Our data showed that HBx could increase promoter activity of Capn4 and upregulate the expression of Capn4 at the levels of mRNA and protein in human hepatoma HepG2 (or H7402) cells using luciferase reporter gene assay, real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR assay and Western blot analysis. While, the RNA interference targeting HBx mRNA was able to abolish the upregulation. Interestingly, we found that the inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) mediated by siRNA targeting NF‐κB/p65 mRNA or PDTC (an inhibitor of NF‐κB) could attenuate the upregulation of Capn4. While, HBx failed to increase the promoter activity of Capn4 in hepatoma cells when the putative NF‐κB binding site of the Capn4 promoter was mutant, suggesting that NF‐κB is involved in the activation of Capn4 mediated by HBx. In function, wound healing assay showed that HBx could significantly enhance the migration ability of HepG2 cells through upregulating Capn4. Thus, we conclude that HBx upregulate Capn4 through NF‐κB/p65 to promote migration of hepatoma cells. J. Med. Virol. 82:920–928, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longer duration of viremia and unique amino acid substitutions in a hepatitis A virus stain associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
Authors: Joshi Madhuri S. , Cherian Sarah S. , Bhalla Shilpa , Chitambar Shobha D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe molecular characteristics of hepatitis A virus (HAV) have been studied widely though there is a paucity of data on the correlation with virological and serological findings. In the present study, the whole genome of an Indian HAV strain associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) was characterized vis‐à‐vis two other Indian HAV genotype IIIA strains, associated with a self‐limiting disease. The percentage nucleotide divergence displayed by the Indian strains (CP‐IND, PN‐IND, and GBS‐IND) varied from 3 to 6, whereas the percentage amino acid divergence varied from 0.1 to 0.7 as compared to the other HAV IIIA strains (n = 5) available in the GenBank. The GBS‐IND strain showed an increased rate of nonsynonymous substitutions as well as a larger number of unique and heterologous amino acid substitutions compared to the HAV IIIA GenBank strains. These amino acid substitutions in the GBS‐IND strain were detected in a nonstructural protein (2C‐251F) and the B‐cell epitope regions of structural proteins (VP1‐29E, VP1‐91S, VP3‐50Y, and VP4‐5S). In a comparative analysis of HAV strains, homology‐based models of the capsid proteins indicated a localized alteration in the surface charge distribution on the VP1 protein of GBS‐IND strain and involvement of its unique amino acid substitutions in the predicted antigenic determinants. Overall, the study suggests that the unique amino acid substitutions in the GBS‐IND strain may have contributed to neutralization escape of the virus leading to a longer duration of viremia. J. Med. Virol. 82:913–919, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of novel respiratory viruses from influenza‐like illness in the Philippines
Authors: Furuse Yuki , Suzuki Akira , Kishi Makiko , Galang Hazel O. , Lupisan Socorro P. , Olveda Remigio M. , Oshitani Hitoshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSeveral novel viruses have been recently identified in respiratory samples. However, the epidemiology of these viruses in tropical countries remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new subtypes of human coronavirus (NL63 and HKU1), KI virus, WU virus, and Melaka virus in the Philippines, a tropical country. Nasopharyngeal aspirates from 465 patients with influenza‐like illness were collected in 2006 and 2007. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and PCR were performed to detect viruses from culture‐negative specimens. Human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus HKU1, KI virus, and WU virus were detected for the first time in the Philippines; Melaka virus was not found. J. Med. Virol. 82:1071–1074, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of viral DNA sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mancuso Roberta , Hernis Ambra , Cavarretta Rosella , Caputo Domenico , Calabrese Elena , Nemni Raffaello , Ferrante Pasquale , Delbue Serena , Clerici Mario 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe role of viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a subject of heated debate. The presence of six different neurotropic viruses was sought, including JC virus (JCV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 51 patients with MS and 30 patients with other neurological diseases. Cell‐free or cell‐associated viral DNA in CSF samples was detected by real‐time PCR, and viral loads were determined. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were also performed to look for active lesions. Cell‐associated JCV DNA was detected in 3 of the 51 patients with MS and in 2 of the 30 patients with other neurological disease. Cell‐free JCV DNA was detected in one additional patient with MS. Cell‐free VZV DNA was detected in one patient without MS, cell‐free HHV‐6 was detected in one patient with MS, and cell‐free EBV was detected in one patient with MS. All other study patients had no detectable viral DNA in CSF samples and no double infections were found. The small percentage of patients with detectable viral DNA in CSF samples was comparable between patients with MS and those with other neurological disease, and presence of viral DNA was not a predictor of brain lesions. Additional observations suggest that cell trafficking from the periphery, rather than leakage through the blood–brain barrier, results in the transport of viruses to the CNS, where local immunosurveillance can control viral replication in immunocompetent individuals. J. Med. Virol. 82:1051–1057, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.