bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoarrays: Cooperative Near‐Field Surface Plasmon Enhanced Quantum Dot Nanoarrays (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2010)
Authors: Leong Kirsty , Chen Yeechi , Masiello David J. , Zin Melvin T. , Hnilova Marketa , Ma Hong , Tamerler Candan , Sarikaya Mehmet , Ginger David S. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFluorescence from quantum dots (QDs) sandwiched between colloidal gold nanoparticles and lithographically created metal nanoarrays is studied using engineered peptides as binding agents. For optimized structures, a 15‐fold increase is observed in the brightness of the QDs due to plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence. This enhanced brightness is achieved by systematically tuning the vertical distance of the QD from the gold nanoparticles using solid‐specific peptide linkers and by optimizing the localized surface plasmon resonance by varying the geometric arrangement of the patterned gold nanoarray. The size and pitch of the patterned array affect the observed enhancement, and sandwiching the QDs between the patterned features and colloidal gold nanoparticles yields even larger enhancements due to the increase in local electromagnetic hot spots induced by the increased surface roughness. The use of bifunctional biomolecular linkers to control the formation of hot spots in sandwich structures provides new ways to fabricate hybrid nanomaterials of architecturally induced functionality for biotechnology and photonics.
Chemiluminescence‐Generating Nanoreactor Formulation for Near‐Infrared Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Level in vivo
Authors: Lim Chang‐Keun , Lee Yong‐Deok , Na Jinhee , Oh Jung Min , Her Song , Kim Kwangmeyung , Choi Kuiwon , Kim Sehoon , Kwon Ick Chan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWater‐dispersed all‐in‐one nanoprobes composed of densely integrated peroxyoxalate fuel and a cyanine dye are formulated to optimize the nanoscopic chemiluminescence reaction. It is demonstrated that the chemiluminescent nanoformulation can generate bright near‐infrared signal in response to external hydrogen peroxide that is biologically implicated with cell signaling and diseases. Successful imaging of endogenously overproduces hydrogen peroxide and indirect determination of glucose level in vivo with the chemiluminescent nanoprobes offers an opportunity for early diagnosis of diseases.
One‐Pot Suzuki/Heck Sequence for the Synthesis of (E)‐Stilbenes Featuring a Recyclable Silica‐Supported Palladium Catalyst via a Multi‐Component Reaction in 1,3‐Propanediol
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Cusati Giuseppe , Pinel Catherine , Djakovitch Laurent 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of (E)‐stilbenes was performed following a one‐pot Suzuki/Heck sequence through the use of potassium vinyltrifluoroborate. The combination of heterogeneous palladium/silica (Pd/SiO2) catalyst with potassium phosphate monohydrate (K3PO4⋅H2O) as base resulted in useful to good isolated yields regardless of the ortho‐, meta‐ or para‐substitution of the aryl halides employed. In a sustainable approach, we found that bio‐sourced 1,3‐propanediol could advantageously replace N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as similar yields were obtained. Moreover, the reactivity gap between aryl iodides and bromides resulting from the use of 1,3‐propanediol allowed an efficient multi‐component approach toward the synthesis of (E)‐stilbenes. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst was found to be extremely robust despite the use of aerobic conditions and was successfully re‐used over several cycles.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Tian Fengtao , Yao Dongmei , Liu Yuanyuan , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBy using the iridium complex of a phosphine‐oxazoline ligand with an axis‐unfixed biphenyl backbone, a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of the CC bond of exocyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds to afford α‐chiral cyclic ketones, lactones and lactams was developed.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindole‐β‐lactones via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Ketenes and Isatins
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Na , Zhang Yan‐Yong , Ye Song 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes were found to be efficient catalysts for the formal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of disubstituted ketenes and isatins to give the corresponding spirocyclic oxindole‐β‐lactones in good yields with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. Ring opening with Grignard reagents or decarboxylation of the oxindole spirocyclic‐β‐lactone gave the corresponding 3‐hydroxy‐ or 3‐alkylenyloxindoles in good yields.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Transformation of Renewable Oils into Diesel Components
Authors: Han Junxing , Sun Hui , Duan Jinzhao , Ding Yuqi , Lou Hui , Zheng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA size‐controlled palladium nanoparticle catalyst prepared by adsorption of colloidal palladium nanoparticles on barium sulfate is efficient and highly selective in transforming vegetable oils into diesel‐like fuel. Preliminary kinetic investigations using model compounds indicated that decarboxylation of aliphatic esters on palladium in a hydrogen‐rich atmosphere showed a zero‐order rate. Hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption measurements revealed that the high‐temperature desorption of hydrogen species might be the rate‐determining step.
Mixed Isobutylphobane/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium‐ Indenylidene Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Evaluation in Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Sauvage Xavier , Zaragoza Guillermo , Demonceau Albert , Delaude Lionel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo new second generation ruthenium(II) dichloride‐indenylidene complexes [RuCl2(9‐isobutylphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane)(NHC)(3‐phenyl‐1‐indenylidene)], where NHC=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (SIMes) or its unsaturated imidazol‐2‐ylidene analogue (IMes), were isolated in high yields upon heating a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the diphosphane complex [RuCl2(isobutylphobane)2(3‐phenyl‐1‐indenylidene)] with a two‐fold excess of the corresponding imidazol(in)ium‐2‐carboxylate zwitterions. Both products were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of [RuCl2(isobutylphobane)(SIMes)(3‐phenyl‐1‐indenylidene)] was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. A close inspection of the packing structure revealed the presence of different types of intra‐ and intermolecular interactions that enhanced the global stability of the crystals, while low temperature NMR experiments showed the existence of two distinct rotational isomers due to the unsymmetrical nature of the phobane ligand. The catalytic activity of both compounds was assessed in olefin metathesis using benchmark ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), and cross‐metathesis reactions, and compared with those of related first and second generation ruthenium‐benzylidene and indenylidene catalyst precursors. Kinetic studies confirmed the high thermal stability of the mixed isobutylphobane/N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes, which suffered from a slow initiation efficiency compared to other catalytic systems based on the tricyclohexylphosphane ligand. However, the remarkable robustness of [RuCl2(isobutylphobane)(SIMes)(3‐phenyl‐1‐indenylidene)] was beneficial for performing the RCM of diethyl 2,2‐bis(2‐methylallyl)malonate. Monitoring the formation of the ruthenium‐methylidene active species [RuCl2(isobutylphobane)(SIMes)(CH2)] derived from this precursor further demonstrated its ability to sustain long reaction times and high temperatures required to carry out the RCM of tetrasubstituted olefins.
One‐Step Surface Decoration of Poly(propyleneimines) (PPIs) with the Glyceryl Moiety: New Way for Recycling Homogeneous Dendrimer‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Balieu Sébastien , El Zein Anji , De Sousa Rodolphe , Jérôme François , Tatibouët Arnaud , Gatard Sylvain , Pouilloux Yannick , Barrault Joël , Rollin Patrick , Bouquillon Sandrine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFirst to fifth generations of poly(propyleneimines) (PPIs) were reacted with glycerol carbonate yielding a new family of glycerol‐decorated PPIs (GD‐PPI). Owing to the presence of glyceryl units surrounding the PPI core, the high generation GD‐PPI‐5 can be successfully immobilized in a glycerol phase, thus offering a convenient route for possible utilization as a recyclable homogeneous catalyst. In this context, we show here that GD‐PPI‐5 can be used as a basic catalyst in the ring opening of epoxides with carboxylic acids in glycerol. The high affinity of GD‐PPI‐5 for the glycerol phase allowed us to (i) selectively extract the reaction products from the glycerol/GD‐PPI‐5 mixture and (ii) recycle the GD‐PPI‐5 catalyst. More generally, this work offers new tools for the convenient recycling of valuable but expensive dendrimers.
Efficient Catalytic Corey–Chaykovsky Reactions Involving Ketone Substrates
Authors: Kavanagh Sarah A. , Piccinini Alessandro , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt has been demonstrated for the first time that a sulfide catalyst, utilised at 20 mol% loading, can promote methylene transfer to ketones in the presence of methyl triflate and an organic base. This metal‐free methodology is of broad scope – both aliphatic and aromatic ketones (including trifluoromethyl ketones) can be converted to synthetically useful terminal epoxides in excellent yields at room temperature.
Direct Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindoles via Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Bond Activation
Authors: Choi Young Lok , Lee Hyuk , Kim Bum Tae , Choi Kihang , Heo Jung‐Nyoung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn efficient, direct synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindoles employing a palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular CH bond activation of 1‐(2‐halobenzyl)pyrazoles has been developed. The use of lithium chloride (LiCl) was found to be essential in these reactions, to suppress further CH bond activation at the C‐3 position of pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindole, when C‐3 is unsubstituted. This protocol can be applied to the synthesis of a pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinoline possessing a six‐membered central ring system and a fully substituted pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoindole using sequential intra‐ and intermolecular CH bond activation.
Polystyrene‐Supported Amino Acids as Efficient Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Ye Jinwu , Zeng Wei , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFour new polystyrene‐supported amino acids have been synthesized and applied to the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide for the first time. Two series of experiments with polystyrene‐supported threonine (PS‐Thr) and polystyrene‐supported tyrosine (PS‐Tyr) as catalyst, respectively, were conducted to study the effect of the reaction conditions on the carboxylation of propylene oxide/carbon dioxide. There was no considerable decrease in the yield of propylene carbonate after the polystyrene‐supported amino acids were used five times, indicating that these catalysts are very stable. It was demonstrated that these catalysts were very efficient in the carboxylation of various epoxides and aziridines with carbon dioxide under mild conditions without any solvents. The mechanism for this carboxylation is also discussed.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Tandem Reaction to Chiral Pyrimidinone Derivatives using Urea as Dinitrogen Source
Authors: He Zhao‐Quan , Zhou Quan , Wu Li , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA facile method for the asymmetric synthesis of pyrimidinone derivatives was developed via an organocatalytic tandem aza‐Michael addition–hemiaminal formation–dehydroxylation reaction, using N,N′‐dialkyloxyurea as dinitrogen source (up to 97% ee). The transformations of hemiaminal intermediates to pyrimidinones with more complex structures have been also investigated.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Hydroboration of Coumarins with Pinacolborane: Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Kim Hyohyun , Yun Jaesook 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn efficient asymmetric addition of pinacolborane to 4‐substituted coumarins proceeded with high enantioselectivity in the presence of a copper(I)‐QuinoxP complex as a catalyst to produce the corresponding 1,4‐hydroboration products. Treatment of the intermediates with electrophiles, without isolation, resulted in enantioenriched dihydrocoumarins. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated in the formal synthesis of biologically active molecules.
Laboratory Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes: A Prolific Source of Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis plays a key role in modern synthetic organic chemistry, with synthetic catalysts and enzymes being the two available options. During the latter part of the last century the use of enzymes in organic chemistry and biotechnology experienced a period of rapid growth. However, these biocatalysts have traditionally suffered from several limitations, including in many cases limited substrate scope, poor enantioselectivity, insufficient stability, and sometimes product inhibition. During the last 15 years, the genetic technique of directed evolution has been developed to such an extent that all of these long‐standing problems can be addressed and solved. It is based on repeated cycles of gene mutagenesis, expression, and screening (or selection). This Review focuses on the directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes, which constitutes a fundamentally new approach to asymmetric catalysis. Emphasis is placed on the development of methods to make laboratory evolution faster and more efficient, thus providing chemists and biotechnologists with a rich and non‐ending source of robust and selective catalysts for a variety of useful applications.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Bis‐Aziridino[60]fullerene with Sulfilimine
Authors: Okada Mitsunori , Nakahodo Tsukasa , Ishitsuka Midori O. , Nikawa Hidefumi , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Akasaka Takeshi , Fujie Tetsuo , Yoshimura Toshiaki , Slanina Zdenek , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the course of our study of the development of a synthetic methodology for the aziridination of fullerenes, we recently reported the photochemical [2+1] cycloaddition reaction of nitrene onto C60 generated from sulfilimine. Sulfilimines with an electron‐donating group on the N atom are well known to undergo Michael‐type reactions, followed by concomitant elimination of sulfide to afford the corresponding aziridines. In these reactions, sulfilimines act as a nucleophile to the electrophilic olefins. Furthermore, C60 has characteristic features of a low LUMO level and electron‐accepting properties. Therefore, it can be an electrophilic olefin. In this context, sulfilimines might react with C60 to afford the corresponding aziridinofullerenes. We have studied the thermal reaction of (S,S)‐diphenylsulfilimines with C60 and regioselectively synthesized bis‐ and tris‐aziridinated fullerenes. These structures were determined through spectroscopic analyses. Among these, the structure of bis‐aziridinated[60]fullerene, C60(NCH3)2, was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Results show that the multi‐aziridination occurs exclusively at the same six‐membered ring of C60 to afford one isomer of the bis‐adduct and tris‐adduct.
Abandoning “the Other”: Statistical Enumeration of Swedish Sami, 1700 to 1945 and Beyond
Authors: Axelsson Per 
Published: August 2010

Abstract“Das Andere” aufgeben: Zur statistischen Erfassung der schwedischen Sami, 1700 bis 1945 und später. Schweden verfügt über eine weltweit herausragende, umfassende Sammlung statistischer Bevölkerungsdaten. Bereits im 18. Jahrhundert wurden im ganzen Land ethnische Daten in Pfarrregistern erfasst, und im frühen 19. Jahrhundert wurde eine eigene Kategorie für die Sami‐Bevölkerung in die Formulare eingefügt, mit denen Informationen für das Tabellverket (Nationale Bevölkerungsstatistik) gesammelt wurden. Ab 1860 wurden die Sami außerdem in der staatlichen Volkszählung erfasst. Dennoch fehlen Schweden heute (im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Ländern) eigene statistische Informationen über ethnische Gruppen – nicht nur über die Sami als einzig anerkannter indigener Bevölkerungsgruppe. Der Beitrag untersucht Schwedens Bemühungen vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, die Sami‐Bevölkerung zu erfassen sowie die Gründe für die Abkehr von diesem Vorhaben nach dem Krieg. Er analysiert, wie die Sami bestimmt und gezählt wurden, wie die Konstruktion statistischer Kategorien vor sich ging, und wie sich diese Kategorien im Laufe der Zeit veränderten. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es nicht, die objektive Verlässlichkeit demografischer Quellen zu bewerten. Vielmehr geht es darum, die historischen, sozialen und kulturellen Faktoren zu betrachten, welche die Position der staatlichen Verwaltung in Hinblick auf die statistische Konstruktion einer indigenen Bevölkerung beeinflussten.Abandoning “the Other”: Statistical Enumeration of Swedish Sami, 1700 to 1945 and Beyond. Sweden has one of the world's most eminent and exhaustive records of statistical information on its population. As early as the eighteenth century, ethnic notations were being made in parish registers throughout the country, and by the early nineteenth century a specific category for the Sami population had been added to the forms used to collect data for the Tabellverket (National Population Statistics). Beginning in 1860, the Sami were also counted in the first official census of the Swedish state. Nonetheless – and in contrast to many other countries – Sweden today lacks separate statistical information not only about its sole recognized indigenous population but also about other ethnic groups. The present paper investigates Sweden's attempts to enumerate its indigenous Sami population prior to World War II and the cessation of ethnic enumeration after the war. How have the Sami been identified and enumerated? How have statistical categories been constructed, and how have they changed over time? The aim of this essay is not to assess the validity of the demographic sources. Instead the paper will explore the historical, social, and cultural factors that have had a bearing on how a dominant administrative structure has dealt with the statistical construct of an indigenous population.
Verhütung als Mittel gegen Bevölkerungswachstum. Expertendiskussion und öffentliche Debatten in Westdeutschland in den 1960er Jahren
Authors: Silies Eva‐Maria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractContraception as an Instrument Against Population Growth: Expert Discussions and the Public Sphere in 1960s West Germany.Theoretically, the introduction of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s created new possibilities to control population growth on a global scale. Several of those involved in developing the pill belonged to the transnational population control movement. In the Federal Republic, demographic and medical experts in the 1960s debated the advantages and dangers of the new contraceptive, and they argued about whether it could be of benefit in West Germany and/or in developing countries. The paper examines the contemporary debate about the pill and the role it was awarded in the effort to solve what was considered a global population problem.
The enemy within: An epigenetic role of retrotransposons in cancer initiation
Authors: Wilkins Adam S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article proposes that cancers can be initiated by retrotransposon (RTN) activation through changes in the transcriptional regulation of nearby genes. I first detail the hypothesis and then discuss the nature of physiological stress(es) in RTN activation; the role of DNA demethylation in the initiation and propagation of new RTN states; the connection between ageing and cancer incidence and the involvement of activated RTNs in the chromosomal aberrations that feature in cancer progression. The hypothesis neither replaces nor invalidates other theories of cancer, in particular the somatic mutation theory, but helps clarify and unify much of the hitherto poorly integrated, complex phenomenology of cancer.
Hepatic transcription response to high‐fat treatment in mice: Microarray comparison of individual vs. pooled RNA samples
Authors: Do Gyeong‐Min , Kwon Eun‐Young , Kim Eunjung , Kim Hyeng‐Soo , Choi Myung‐Sook 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMicroarray analysis is an important tool in studying gene expression profiles in genomic research. Despite many concerns raised, mRNA samples are often pooled in microarray experiments to reduce the cost and complexity of analysis of transcript profiling. This study reports the results of microarray experiments designed to compare effects of pooling RNA samples and its impact on identifying profiles of mRNA transcripts and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver of C57BL/6J mice fed normal and high‐fat diet. Pearson's correlation coefficient of transcripts between pooled and non‐pooled RNA samples was 0.98 to 1.0. The impact of pooled vs. non‐pooled RNA samples was also compared by number of transcripts or DEGs. Agreement of significant genes between pooled and non‐pooled sets was fairly desirable based on t‐test <0.05 and/or signal intensity ≥2‐fold. Biological process profile and the correlation coefficiency of fold change in the hepatic gene transcripts between pooled and non‐pooled samples were also higher than 0.97. This suggests that pooling hepatic RNA samples can reflect the expression pattern of individual samples, and that properly constructed pools can provide nearly identical measures of transcription response to individual RNA sample.
An introduction to fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous machines in master's degree courses
Authors: Ruiz Jordi‐Roger Riba , Garcia Espinosa Antonio , Romeral Luís , Ortega Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEarly fault detection and diagnosis of high‐performance electric motors has been an active area of research for the past two decades. This work presents a practical session that facilitates instructing students in this field. To meet this objective, fault diagnostic methods based on the Fourier transform and the wavelet transform are successfully applied by means of processing and examining the frequency content of the stator currents acquired from healthy and faulty permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The goal of this practical lab is to introduce Master's degree students to the topic of fault detection by covering both stationary and nonstationary operating conditions of the motor under study. The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has successfully incorporated the learning methodology proposed in this paper in a practical session of an electronic engineering course. The effectiveness of the proposed practical lab has been assessed using the results of a satisfaction questionnaire answered by students involved in the course. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 349–359, 2013
Interactivity in education: An experience in the automatic control field
Authors: Guzman J. L. , Dormido S. , Berenguel M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLooking back 30 years ago, the advances in teaching have accompanied the technology evolution. As soon as the technology progressed, new teaching tools began to appear. This work describes one of these technological advances, Interactivity. Several definitions of Interactivity are presented from different points of view. Afterwards, the influence of Interactivity on teaching is discussed presenting the advantages and drawbacks of this information methodology on education. The Automatic Control education field is one of the areas where Interactivity has had a major influence. Hence, this works also describes why Interactivity is very important in engineering education, focusing in the Automatic Control field and presenting some interactive tools as examples of this fact. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 360–371, 2013