bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototypical prospection: future events are more prototypically represented and simulated than past events
Authors: Kane Joanne , Van Boven Leaf , McGraw A. Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe results of four experiments support the hypothesis that mental time travel is more prototypical in the future tense than in the past tense. That is, prospection more than retrospection is grounded in scripts, schemas, stereotypes, and other prototypical mental representations of what people, places, and events are typically like. People reported that events in prospection rather than retrospection were more similar to each other and more similar to a prototypical event (encounters with homeless people in Experiment 1, ordering pizza in Experiment 2). Because prototypes tend to be abstract, people selected higher levels of action identification during prospection than during retrospection (Experiment 3) an effect that was not moderated by distance. Finally, drawings of future vacations that were generated by one sample of people were judged by a different sample of people, who were unaware of the drawings' tense, as more prototypical compared with drawings of past vacations (Experiment 4). Discussion centers on the underlying explanations of prototypical prospection and on the implications of these temporal asymmetries for theories of psychological distance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced cytotoxicity of PARP inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma harbouring mutations in both ATM and p53
Authors: Williamson Chris T. , Kubota Eiji , Hamill Jeffrey D. , Klimowicz Alexander , Ye Ruiqiong , Muzik Huong , Dean Michelle , Tu LiRen , Gilley David , Magliocco Anthony M. , McKay Bruce C. , Bebb D. Gwyn , Lees‐Miller Susan P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promise in the treatment of human malignancies characterized by deficiencies in the DNA damage repair proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 and preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in targeting ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM)‐deficient tumours. Here, we show that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells deficient in both ATM and p53 are more sensitive to the PARP inhibitor olaparib than cells lacking ATM function alone. In ATM‐deficient MCL cells, olaparib induced DNA‐PK‐dependent phosphorylation and stabilization of p53 as well as expression of p53‐responsive cell cycle checkpoint regulators, and inhibition of DNA‐PK reduced the toxicity of olaparib in ATM‐deficient MCL cells. Thus, both DNA‐PK and p53 regulate the response of ATM‐deficient MCL cells to olaparib. In addition, small molecule inhibition of both ATM and PARP was cytotoxic in normal human fibroblasts with disruption of p53, implying that the combination of ATM and PARP inhibitors may have utility in targeting p53‐deficient malignancies.
Right, left, and center: How does cerebral asymmetry mix with callosal connectivity?
Authors: Cherbuin Nicolas , Luders Eileen , Chou Yi‐Yu , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Prior research has shown that cerebral asymmetry is associated with differences in corpus callosum connectivity. Such associations were detected in histological and anatomical studies investigating callosal fiber size and density, in neuroimaging investigations based on structural and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as in neuropsychological experiments. However, little is known about typical associations between these factors, and even less about the relative influences of magnitude and direction of cerebral asymmetries. Here, we investigated relationships between callosal connectivity and cerebral asymmetry using precise measures of callosal thickness and selected cerebral structures. We considered both the direction and magnitude of the asymmetries. Methods: Associations between cerebral asymmetry and callosal thickness were investigated in 348 cognitively healthy older individuals. Results: The magnitude and direction of cerebral lateralization were significant independent predictors of callosal thickness. However, associations were small. Leftward asymmetry and increased magnitude of asymmetry were generally associated with increased callosal thickness, mostly in the callosal midbody and isthmus. Conclusions: When a large sample of normal individuals is considered, cerebral asymmetries are only subtly associated with callosal thickness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL STRESS AND RECOVERY DURING THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Pasricha Gurnain Kaur 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore the link between stress in the domestic financial sector and the capital flight faced by countries in the 2008–2009 global crisis. Both the timing of emergence of internal financial stress in developing economies and the size of the peak–trough declines in the stock price indices were comparable with that in high‐income countries, indicating that there was no decoupling, even before Lehman Brothers’ demise. Deleveraging of Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) positions seemed to dominate the patterns of capital flows during the crisis. Although high‐income countries on average saw net capital inflows and net portfolio inflows during the crisis quarters, compared with net outflows for developing economies, the indicators of banking sector stress were higher for high‐income economies on average than those for developing economies. Internal and external distress during crisis was closely interlinked with common underlying causes of both the severity of stress during the crisis and the recovery. External vulnerabilities were important in both phases, and higher international reserves did not insulate countries from stress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug‐abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants
Authors: Flykt Marjo , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Belt Ritva , Biringen Zeynep , Salo Saara , Posa Tiina , Pajulo Marjukka 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBoth negative and idealized maternal prenatal representations may constitute a risk for mother–infant interaction. This study analyzed the role of maternal prenatal representations and pre‐ to postnatal representational change in predicting mother–infant emotional availability (EA) among 51 drug‐abusing mothers and their infants who participated in either psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) or received psychosocial support (PSS) and among 50 nonusing comparison dyads. Maternal representations of her child, the child's father, her own mother, self‐as‐mother, and self‐as‐woman were measured during pregnancy and at 4 and 12 months' postpartum with the Interview of Maternal Representations (M. Ammaniti et al., 1992; M. Ammaniti, R. Tambelli, & P. Perucchini, 1998). EA was measured with the Emotional Availability Scales, fourth edition (Z. Biringen, 2008) at 4 and 12 months. The results showed that drug‐abusing mothers had more negative prenatal representations of the self‐as‐woman and of the child's father. Postnatally, PSS mothers tended to first idealize their child, but later to experience disillusionment of idealization. Both negative and idealized prenatal representations of the self‐as‐mother predicted mother–infant EA problems, but only among the PGT mothers. For all mothers, negative representational change was detrimental for the mother–infant EA whereas for drug‐abusing mothers, also increasing idealization from the prenatal period to the postnatal period was harmful. Clinicians working with drug‐abusing mothers should aim at supporting the development of a realistically positive view of motherhood.
Microrheology of human synovial fluid of arthritis patients studied by diffusing wave spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yin‐Quan , Chou Pei‐lun , Cheng Chen‐Yu , Chiang Chia‐Chun , Wei Ming‐Tzo , Chuang Chin‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Lin Sophia , Chiou Arthur 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid (SF) are critical to its functions of lubrication and shock‐absorption of joints in human body; a change in the viscoelastic properties, even of only a few percents, is often concomitant with arthritis. In this work, the elastic modulus G ′(f) and the viscous modulus G ′′(f) of SF from patients suffering from three kinds of joint diseases, namely, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and gouty arthritis (GA), were determined as a function of frequency “f ” (in the low frequency range from f ∼ 0.1 to 10 Hz) by Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) and correlated with the white blood cell (WBC) count. A strong correlation was observed, showing a higher WBC count corresponding to lower elastic and viscous moduli, G ′ and G ′′; further details depend on inflammatory vs. non‐inflammatory, and on the severity of inflammation. Different types of arthritis lead to different degrees of decreasing viscoelasticity. Identical measurements were carried out with a commercial visco‐supplementation (or artificial SF) to serve as reference. In general, the reduction in both G ′ and G ′′ was most severe in the case of GA and least severe in the case of OA. Besides, in all cases, the reduction in G ′ was more prominent than the reduction in G ′′, indicating that in general, the deterioration in the elasticity of SF by inflammation is more severe than that in the viscosity. This simple method for quantitative physical characterization of synovial fluid may serve as a useful complementary metric to the conventional biochemical analysis in clinical diagnosis of arthritis. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Total variation versus wavelet‐based methods for image denoising in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Chang Ching‐Wei , Mycek Mary‐Ann 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the first application of wavelet‐based denoising (noise removal) methods to time‐domain box‐car fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images and compare the results to novel total variation (TV) denoising methods. Methods were tested first on artificial images and then applied to low‐light live‐cell images. Relative to undenoised images, TV methods could improve lifetime precision up to 10‐fold in artificial images, while preserving the overall accuracy of lifetime and amplitude values of a single‐exponential decay model and improving local lifetime fitting in live‐cell images. Wavelet‐based methods were at least 4‐fold faster than TV methods, but could introduce significant inaccuracies in recovered lifetime values. The denoising methods discussed can potentially enhance a variety of FLIM applications, including live‐cell, in vivo animal, or endoscopic imaging studies, especially under challenging imaging conditions such as low‐light or fast video‐rate imaging. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of acute antibody‐mediated kidney rejection
Authors: Ahmed Tahmeena , Senzel Lisa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractApproximately 10% of renal transplant recipients experience acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) due to alloimmunization against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and other antigens. While therapeutic apheresis is included in most treatment protocols for acute kidney allograft rejection, these protocols have been derived mainly from single center experience rather than controlled trials. This concise review focuses on the role of therapeutic apheresis in AMR treatment. Two groups have recently reported treating acute AMR using drug‐only strategies without therapeutic apheresis in particular situations, namely in clinically less severe cases or in resource‐limited situations without testing for donor specific antibodies. A randomized controlled trial, designed to test the efficacy of immunoadsorption apheresis in AMR treatment, was terminated early and suggested a benefit of apheresis. An observational study suggested efficacy of plasmapheresis in acute AMR treatment, but all patients who received plasmapheresis also received rituximab. As new therapeutic modalities are becoming available, therapeutic apheresis continues to play a role in the treatment of acute kidney allograft rejection. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) plays negative roles in breast cancer by coordinating BMP signaling
Authors: Li Jin , Ye Lin , Sanders Andrew J. , Jiang Wen G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRepulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) coordinate axon formation and iron homestasis. These molecules are also known as co‐receptors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, the role played by RGMs in breast cancer remains unclear. The present study investigated the impact of RGMB on functions of breast cancer cells and corresponding mechanisms. RGMB was knocked down in breast cancer cells by way of an anti‐RGMB ribozyme transgene. Knockdown of RGMB resulted in enhanced capacities of proliferation, adhesion, and migration in breast cancer cells. Further investigations demonstrated RGMB knockdown resulted in a reduced expression and activity of Caspase‐3, accompanied with better survival in RGMB knockdown cells under serum starvation, which might be induced by its repression on MAPK JNK pathway. Up‐regulations of Snai1, Twist, FAK, and Paxillin via enhanced Smad dependent sigaling led to increased capacities of adhesion and migration. Our current data firstly revealed that RGMB may act as a negative regulator in breast cancer through BMP signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2523–2531, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Polypyridyl chelators deplete cellular zinc and destabilize the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) prior to induction of apoptosis in human prostate and breast cancer cells
Authors: Zuo Jian , Schmitt Sara M. , Zhang Zhen , Prakash Jai , Fan Yuhua , Bi Caifeng , Kodanko Jeremy J. , Dou Q. Ping 
Published: March 2012

AbstractX‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), inhibits the initiation and execution phases of the apoptotic pathway. XIAP is the most potent member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of the endogenous caspase inhibitors. Therefore, targeting XIAP may be a promising strategy for the treatment of apoptosis‐resistant malignancies. In this study, we systematically studied the relationships of chemical structures of several novel ligands to their zinc (Zn)‐binding ability, molecular target XIAP, and tumor cell death‐inducing activity. We show that treatment of PC‐3 prostate cancer and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells with these membrane‐permeable Zn‐chelators with different Zn affinities results in varying degrees of XIAP depletion. Following decreased level of XIAP expression, we also show apoptosis‐related caspase activation and cellular morphological changes upon treatment with strong Zn‐chelators N4Py and BnTPEN. Addition of Zn has a full protective effect on the cells treated with these chelators, while iron (Fe) addition has only partial protection that, however, can be further increased to a comparable level of protection as Zn by inhibition of ROS generation, indicating that cell death effects mediated by Fe‐ but not Zn‐complexes involve redox cycling. These findings suggest that strong Zn‐chelating agents may be useful in the treatment of apoptosis‐resistant human cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2567–2575, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions Catalyzed by Ferrocenyl or Cobaltocenyl Phosphines Ligated Palladium Complexes
Authors: Hsiao Jun , Weng Chia‐Ming , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDFT studies on several dppf‐ and dppc‐derived bidentate phosphines ligated palladium complexes catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions were pursued. The catalytic reactions employing ligands, having two phosphine biting sites on different cyclpentadienyl or cyclobutadiene rings, such as 1,1'‐dmpf or 1,1'‐dmpc, have been verified to be energetically more favorable than those on the same ring provided that tetra‐coordinated palladium conformations for all transition states and intermediates are maintained. Apart from the purpose of storage, the application of phosphinous acid (R2P(OH)) in Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction is inferior to tertiary phosphine (R3P).
Construction of 1D and 2D Zinc Coordination Polymers Based on Organic Carboxylate Anions and Flexible Imidazole‐Containing Ligand
Authors: Geng Jian Chen , Cui Guang Hua , Jiao Cui Huan , Liu Tong Fei , He Cui Hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo novel zinc coordination polymers {[Zn(PhCOO)2(bmix)]}n 1 and {[Zn(ada)(bmix)]·(H2O)2}n 2 (bmix = 1,4‐bis(2‐methylimidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2ada = adipic acid), were obtained by the hydrothermal reactions of bmix and zinc acetate with two carboxylate anions, respectively. Structural analyses show that complex 1 possess a one‐dimensional helix chain structure, 2 takes two‐dimensional corrugated (4,4) layer motif. The structural differences of two complexes indicate that organic carboxylate anions play important roles in the formation of such zinc(II) coordination architectures.
Effect of ovarian steroids on gene expression related to synapse assembly in serotonin neurons of macaques
Authors: Bethea Cynthia L. , Reddy Arubala P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDendritic spines are the elementary structural units of neural plasticity. In a model of hormone replacement therapy (HT), we sought to determine the effect of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on gene expression related to synapse assembly in a laser‐captured preparation enriched for serotonin neurons from rhesus macaques. Microarray analysis was conducted (n = 2 animals/treatment), and the results were confirmed for pivotal genes with qRT‐PCR on additional laser‐captured material (n = 3 animals/treatment). Ovariectomized rhesus macaques were treated with placebo, E, or E + P via Silastic implants for 1 month. The midbrain was obtained, sectioned, and immunostained for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). TPH‐positive neurons were laser captured using an arcturus laser dissection microscope (Pixel II). RNA from laser‐captured serotonin neurons was hybridized to Rhesus Affymetrix GeneChips for screening purposes. There was a twofold or greater change in the expression of 63 probe sets in the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) category, and 31 probe sets in the synapse assembly category were similarly altered in E‐ and E + P‐treated animals. qRT‐PCR assays showed that E treatment induced a significant increase in ephrin receptor A4 (EPHA4) and in integrin A8 (ITGA8) but not in ephrin receptor B4 (EPHB4) or integrin B8 (ITGB8) expression. E also increased expression of cadherin 11 (CDH11), neuroligin 3 (NLGN3), neurexin 3 (NRXN3), syndecan 2 (SCD2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) compared with placebo. Supplemental P treatment suppressed E‐induced gene expression. In summary, ovarian steroids target gene expression of adhesion molecules in serotonin neurons that are important for synapse assembly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electroacupuncture frequency‐related transcriptional response in rat arcuate nucleus revealed region‐distinctive changes in response to low‐ and high‐frequency electroacupuncture
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhang Rong , He Fei , Lin Li‐Bo , Xiang Xiao‐Hui , Ping Xing‐Jie , Han Ji‐Sheng , Zhao Guo‐Ping , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Cui Cai‐Lian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractElectroacupuncture (EA) has been clinically applied for treating different medical conditions, such as pain, strain, and immune diseases. Low‐ and high‐frequency EAs have distinct therapeutic effects in clinical practice and experimental studies. However, the molecular mechanism of this difference remains obscure. The arcuate nucleus (Arc) is a critical region of the hypothalamus and is responsible for the effect of EA stimulation to remote acupoints. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful tool with which to explore the basis of physiopathological responses to external stimulus. In this study, using cDNA microarray, we investigated gene expressions in the rat Arc region induced by low‐frequency (2‐Hz) and high‐frequency (100‐Hz) EAs to two remote acupoints, zusanli (ST36) and sanyinjiao (SP6). We have found that more genes were differentially regulated by 2‐Hz EA than 100‐Hz EA (154 vs. 66 regulated genes/ESTs) in Arc, especially those related to neurogenesis, which was confirmed by qRT‐PCR. These results demonstrate that the expression level of genes in the Arc region could be effectively regulated by low‐frequency EA, compared with high‐frequency EA, helping to uncover the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of the low‐frequency EA. Our results also indicate different‐frequency EAs are spatially specific. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhotekin modulates differentiation of cultured neural stem cells to neurons
Authors: Iwai Takashi , Saitoh Akiyoshi , Yamada Misa , Takahashi Kou , Hashimoto Eri , Ukai Wataru , Saito Toshikazu , Yamada Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRhotekin is a downstream signal of Rho and is expressed in the central nervous system. However, the physiological role of rhotekin in the development of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons is unknown. In this study, we knocked down the expression of rhotekin protein with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the NSCs and in neural differentiated cells and measured cell proliferation, differentiation, neurite length, and survival. By using immunocytochemistry and Western blot, the production of rhotekin was observed in NSCs and neuronal cells. Furthermore, rhotekin production was increased in accordance with neural differentiation. Rhotekin knock‐down reduced 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) activity and increased the cell death 72 hr after transfection in neurons. On the other hand, in NSCs, rhotekin knock‐down increased MTT activity and the number of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that rhotekin is required for maintenance and survival of neurons and positively regulates differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Moreover, we found that rhotekin is produced in NSCs and that the role of rhotekin is to regulate cell proliferation negatively. In conclusion, these results suggest that rhotekin is one of the key molecules in the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Folic acid deficiency inhibits neural rosette formation and neuronal differentiation from rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells
Authors: Chen Yongchang , Wang Zhengbo , Xie Yunhua , Guo Xiangyu , Tang Xianghui , Wang Shufen , Yang Shihua , Chen Kai , Niu Yuyu , Ji Weizhi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEvidence from epidemiological studies has proved that periconceptional use of folic acid (FA) can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, it is hard to explore when and how FA plays roles in neurogenesis and brain development in vivo, especially in human or other nonhuman primate systems. Primate embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines are ideal models for studying cell differentiation and organogenesis in vitro. In the present study, the roles of FA in neural differentiation were assessed in a rhesus monkey ESC system in vitro. The results showed no significant difference in the expression of neural precursor markers, such as nestin, Sox‐1, or Pax‐6, among neural progenitors obtained from different FA concentrations or with the FA antagonist methotrexate (MTX). However, FA depletion decreased cell proliferation and affected embryoid body (EB) and neural rosette formation, as well as neuronal but not neuroglia differentiation. Our data imply that the ESC system is a suitable model for further exploring the mechanism of how FA works in prevention of NTDs in primates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.