bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of clinicopathological features and prognosis by comparing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with AFP‐producing gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Sheng Weiqi , Wang Yanong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences between alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric cancer (AFPPGC) and hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS), and the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of HAS.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2007, there were 111 patients with elevated serum level of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) preoperatively in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Primary lesions of 104 patients were stained positively for AFP. Among these patients, 45 patients were diagnosed as HAS. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of AFPPGC and HAS were analyzed. Additionally, 208 stage‐matched AFP‐negative gastric cancer patients were selected as control.ResultsImmunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for AFP in AFPPGC. Histologically, the polygonal tumor cells were arranged in trabecular fashion or solid nests separated by narrow fibrous stroma composed of sinusoid‐like capillaries in HAS. The survival rates of the three groups were statistically different (P < 0.01).ConclusionAFP‐producing gastric cancer and HAS had more aggressive behavior than that of common gastric cancer. The prognosis of HAS was poorer than that of AFPPGC, therefore it should be distinguished from the latter. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:299–303. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel combined radiological method for evaluation of the response to chemotherapy for primary bone sarcoma
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Taki Junichi , Yamamoto Norio , Shirai Toshiharu , Nishida Hideji , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Tanzawa Yoshikazu , Kimura Hiroaki , Takeuchi Akihiko , Igarashi Kentaro , Ooi Akishi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn the treatment of bone sarcoma, evaluation of chemotherapeutic effects is extremely important. In this study, we compared radiological evaluations and histological response, and developed a combined radiological scoring system for assessing the response to chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 79 patients with primary bone sarcomas were examined by X‐ray photography (Xp), angiography, MRI, 201Tl scintigraphy (Tl) and 99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy (MIBI) to evaluate their response to preoperative chemotherapy. Patients were classified as responders and non‐responders according to radiological images. All resected tumors were evaluated histologically and classified as a good response (≥90% necrosis) or a poor response (≤90% necrosis). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and kappa values in radiological evaluation were calculated. Furthermore, we developed a combined radiological scoring system that correlated the results of radiological images with histological response.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.9%, 38.2%, and 67.5% (K = 0.31), respectively, for Xp; 91.7%, 33.3%, and 66.7% (K = 0.27) for angiography; 81.0%, 67.6%, and 75.0% (K = 0.49) for MRI; 78.9%, 72.4%, and 76.1% (K = 0.51) for Tl; 85.3%, 69.2%, and 78.3% (K = 0.55) for MIBI; and 93.3%, 76.5%, and 86.1% (K = 0.71) for combined radiological scoring.ConclusionsCombined radiological evaluations showed high correlation with histological response for assessing the effects of chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:273–279. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dependency, Globalization and Overseas Sex‐related Consumption by East Asians
Authors: Chang Chin‐fen , Chen Mei‐Hua 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious research has used dependency theory to explain sex consumption by rich, northern men travelling to ‘developing countries’. Little is known about how this perspective can be applied to sex‐related consumption by tourists from non‐western regions. Analyzing the East Asian Social Survey of 2008, we found that many eastern Asians had engaged in sex‐related entertainments abroad. People from the newly rich countries had become exploiters of sexual services in peripheral countries. East Asian tourists also went west and north bound overseas for sexual pleasures. We argue that the increasing economic activities and travelling opportunities across borders may better explain the overseas sex‐related consumption of eastern Asians than dependency theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rebel Vowels: How Vowel Shift Patterns are Reshaping Speech in the Modern South
Authors: Fridland Valerie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the main reflexes of contemporary vowel changes in the South. In particular, the current state of knowledge about the Southern Vowel Shift and back vowel fronting is explored. This paper will discuss how these vowel patterns contribute to speech in a modern South, one asserting the region’s unique heritage while at the same time proclaiming its increasingly metropolitan and diverse status in the American landscape, and discuss the implications of this modernity.
The Phonological Organization of Sign Languages
Authors: Sandler Wendy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVisually perceivable and movable parts of the body – the hands, facial features, head, and upper body – are the articulators of sign language. It is through these articulators that words are formed, constrained, and contrasted with one another, and that prosody is conveyed. This article provides an overview of the way in which phonology is organized in the alternative modality of sign language.
Heterogeneity and aSociolinguistics of Multilingualism: Reconfiguring French Language Pedagogy
Authors: Clark Julie Byrd 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the current state of the field of French language pedagogy (FLP) and education in Canada. The author provides a brief history of French as a Second Language (FSL) education and Official bilingualism in Canada to demonstrate the social, historical, political and ideological dimensions that have shaped (and continue to shape) ways of thinking about FLP. In relation to the state of current research, this article highlights some of the contributions sociolinguistic research brings to contemporary thinking about multilingualism as it relates to FLP, by examining what the author refers to as thesociolinguistics of multilingualism. This approach considers the social construction of bi/multilingualism and the everyday practices of multilinguals in diverse contexts, in relation to policy, theory, and professional practice. With the growing number of multilingual students from diverse backgrounds participating in FSL teacher and language education programs, there is a critical need to (re)shape pedagogies that reflect the complex linguistic repertoires and social practices of youth with multiple, heterogeneous identities in today’s classrooms: diversity within Canada’s linguistic duality. From this vein, the author argues for a multidimensional, reflexive, and interdisciplinary approach for FLP and official bilingual education: one that values heterogeneity; as well as fosters a deeper engagement with the teaching (and learning) of languages, namely French.
High temperature oxidation behavior of chromium‐rich alloys containing high carbides fractions. Part I: Nickel‐base alloys
Authors: Berthod P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSix wear‐resistant alloys based on nickel, containing 30 wt.% Cr and from 2.5 to 5.0 wt.% C, were elaborated by foundry and subjected to oxidation by air at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C, for evaluating the oxidation behavior of hard bulk alloys. Their microstructures are rich in chromium carbides, eutectic, or pro‐eutectic, and they also contain graphite for the highest carbon contents of interest. All the studied alloys obviously display a chromia‐forming behavior, despite the initial low chromium content in the matrix. During oxidation, carbides disappear over an increasing distance from the oxidation front, with the consequence of the enrichment of the neighbor matrix in chromium. The minimal chromium content on the surface after oxidation decreases when the alloy is richer in carbon and increases with the oxidation temperature. The carbide‐free zone tends to be deeper when the oxidation temperature increases, and also when the alloy's carbon content increases, in contrast with low‐C Ni‐30Cr alloys previously studied. The disappearance of carbides means a carbon loss as gaseous oxidized species. This probably disturbs the oxide scales growing on the external surface and may influence the oxidation behavior of the alloys. When present, graphite does not deteriorate dramatically the oxidation resistance of the alloys. The hardness of the alloys are lowered by the exposures to high temperature and by the presence of graphite.
Epoxy‐coated bars as corrosion control in cracked reinforced concrete
Authors: López‐Calvo H. Z. , Montes‐Garcia P. , Kondratova I. , Bremner T. W. , Thomas M. D. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne of the most common corrosion protection methods in reinforcing concrete bars is the application of fusion‐bonded epoxy coatings. Although considerable research has been carried out on the performance of epoxy‐coated bars (ECR), there are still many uncertainties about their performance in cracked concrete. In this experimental program, reinforcing steel bars with six types of epoxy coatings embedded in concrete slabs with a 0.4 mm wide preformed crack intersecting the reinforcing steel at right angles were tested. Results of corrosion potentials, corrosion current density, coating adhesion tests, chloride content, and visual examination after 68 months of exposure to a simulated marine environment are reported. Results revealed that under the studied conditions the ECR did not provide total protection of steel reinforcement in cracked concrete. Their use however, tended to reduce significantly the damage caused by the chloride‐induced corrosion when compared with the uncoated bars embedded in concrete with similar characteristics.
Influence of various loadings of hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on water uptake and porosity of a polyurethane coating
Authors: Dolatzadeh F. , Jalili M. M. , Moradian S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this paper, water uptake, porosity and corrosion behaviours of two‐pack polyurethane coatings separately loaded with two types of silica nanoparticles (i.e. hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles) are presented. Water uptake of such coatings was measured by the aid of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy whereas porosity of the coatings was determined according to the ASTM D 6583 standard. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also utilised to examine morphology and chemical structure of the nanoparticles filled coatings. These techniques show that the hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles could be easily dispersed throughout the polyurethane matrix while negatively influence the curing process of the coatings. The results reveal that the incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles into the polyurethane matrix, generally, reduces the percent porosity of the resultant coatings. However, obtained results show that the type and content of silica nanoparticles influence the capacitance and therefore water uptake of the coatings to various extents.
Investigation of biodegradation behaviour of an Mg‐1Ca alloy influenced by heat treatment and applying plasma‐chemical oxidation layers
Authors: Schmigalla S. , Bender S. , Heyn A. , Schmidt J. , Hort N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe degradation behaviour of an Mg‐1Ca alloy is investigated in vitro to figure out the possibilities of influencing the degradation behaviour of such an alloy by applying heat treatment as well as the use of a coating system based on plasma‐chemical oxidation. It is shown that an optimised solution annealing (T4‐heat treatment) can reduce the degradation rate while an additional ageing between 240 and 300 °C (T6‐heat treatment) increases it. A coating generated by plasma‐chemical oxidation reduces the degradation rate in the immersion test. Its effect is depending on the former heat treatment of the Mg‐1Ca alloy as well as on the parameter during plasma‐chemical oxidation.
Corrosion of stainless steel grades in H2O/KOH 50% at 120 °C: AISI304 austenitic and 2205 duplex
Authors: Bozzini B. , Bogani F. , Giovannelli G. , Natali S. , Scarselli G. , Boniardi M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on the corrosion of austenitic (AISI304) and duplex (2205) stainless steels in H2O/KOH 50% at 120 °C. The research is based on a combination of electrochemical, structural and compositional analyses, aimed at assessing the surface modifications resulting from anodic attack and their impact on corrosion resistance. Linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry measurements were carried out in an air‐tight high‐temperature cell. In‐plane and cross‐sectional SEM micrography, X‐ray diffractometry and EDX profiling were used to characterise samples attacked under electrochemically controlled conditions. Electrochemical results have shown that AISI304 exhibits a complex passivating behaviour, while the anodic electrokinetics of the duplex is characterised by mixed kinetic control. AISI304 was found to fail by intergranular corrosion and to be covered: in passive conditions by acicular compounds and in transpassive conditions by a compact layer of corrosion products. Duplex samples, instead, exhibit an uniform form of corrosion morphology and bear a compact layer of corrosion products both in passive and in transpassive conditions.
Reduction of Graphite Oxide with a Grignard Reagent for Facile In Situ Preparation of Electrically Conductive Polyolefin/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Yingjuan , Qin Yawei , Wang Ning , Zhou Yong , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong , Hu Jiangpu , Wang Yuexin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Grignard reagent, n‐BuMgCl, is found to be able to reduce graphite oxide to form loosely aggregated graphene sheets immobilized with few Mg–Cl species. Further complexing with TiCl4 leads to a graphene‐based supported catalyst that is ready for in situ olefin polymerization to access electrically conductive polyolefin/graphene nanocomposites. PP/graphene nanocomposites thus prepared possess a rather low electrical percolation threshold (approximately 0.2 vol%) and high conductivities (e.g., 3.92 S·m−1 at 1.2 vol%, 28.5 S·m−1 at 4.1 vol%, and 163.1 S·m−1 at 10.2 vol%).
Bioactive tanshinone I inhibits the growth of lung cancer in part via downregulation of Aurora A function
Authors: Li Yanli , Gong Yi , Li Linglin , Abdolmaleky Hamid M. , Zhou Jin‐Rong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world, and the searching for novel efficacious and safe agents for lung cancer prevention remains the top priority of lung cancer research. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of bioactive tanshinones from a Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, cryptotanshinone (CT), tanshinone I (T1) and tanshinone IIA (T2A), on the proliferation inhibition of lung cancer cell lines. Tanshinones inhibited the lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro, with T1 the most potent, via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Gene function assay showed that Aurora A knockdown by siRNA dramatically eliminated the T1 activity in vitro, suggesting that Aurora A is an important functional target for T1. We further evaluated the effectiveness of T1 on the growth of H1299 nonsmall lung cancer cell in a mouse model. Tanshinone I inhibited the growth of H1299 lung tumor in a dose‐dependent manner. Tanshinone I at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced final tumor weight by 34% (P < 0.05) associated with inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lung cancer cells by 54% (P < 0.001) and 193% (P < 0.001), respectively, inhibiting lung tumor angiogenesis by 72% (P < 0.001), and reducing Aurora A expression by 67% (P < 0.001). On the other hand, T1 did not significantly alter food intake or body weight. Our results provided experimental evidence to suggest that T1 may be an efficacious and safe agent for the prevention of lung cancer progression and Aurora A may be an important molecular target for T1 action against lung cancer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bottleneck links, variable demand, and the tragedy of the commons
Authors: Cole Richard , Dodis Yevgeniy , Roughgarden Tim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study the price of anarchy of selfish routing with variable traffic rates and when the path cost is a nonadditive function of the edge costs. Nonadditive path costs are important, for example, in networking applications, where a key performance metric is the achievable throughput along a path, which is controlled by its bottleneck (most congested) edge. We prove the following results.
In multicommodity networks, the worst‐case price of anarchy under the ℓp path cost with 1 < p ≤∞ can be dramatically larger than under the standard ℓ1 path cost.
In single‐commodity networks, the worst‐case price of anarchy under the ℓp path cost with 1 < p < ∞ is no more than with the standard ℓ1 path norm. (A matching lower bound follows trivially from known results.) This upper bound also applies to the ℓ∞ path cost if and only if attention is restricted to the natural subclass of equilibria generated by distributed shortest path routing protocols.
For a natural cost‐minimization objective function, the price of anarchy with endogenous traffic rates (and under any ℓp path cost) is no larger than that in fixed‐demand networks. Intuitively, the worst‐case inefficiency arising from the “tragedy of the commons” is no more severe than that from routing inefficiencies.
© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the pickup and delivery traveling salesman problem with multiple stacks
Authors: Côté Jean‐François , Archetti Claudia , Speranza Maria Grazia , Gendreau Michel , Potvin Jean‐Yves 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article studies the pickup and delivery traveling salesman problem with multiple stacks. The vehicle contains a number of (horizontal) stacks of finite capacity for loading items from the rear of the vehicle. Each stack must satisfy the last‐in‐first‐out constraint that states that any new item must be loaded on top of a stack and any unloaded item must be on top of its stack. A branch‐and‐cut algorithm is proposed for solving this problem. Computational results are reported on different types of randomly generated instances as well as on classical instances for some well‐known special cases of the problem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Integer programming models and algorithms for the graph decontamination problem with mobile agents
Authors: Penuel John , Cole Smith J. , Shen Siqian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article considers the problem of using synchronous mobile agents to decontaminate the nodes of a graph given a spreading contamination. We begin by considering the problem of minimizing cleaning time, given initial agent, and contamination locations. Then, we take as input a set of all possible locations in which a contamination can start and examine problems in which we strategically preposition agents. In one problem, we minimize the number of agents and prescribe their initial locations, so that the graph can be cleaned within a time limit for any potential initial contamination. We also determine the best initial locations for some predetermined number of agents to minimize expected cleaning time, given probability estimates of potential initial contamination locations. We analyze the complexity of each variant and formulate the problems as mixed‐integer programs. As an alternative method, we also provide a construction heuristic for the cleaning problem and cutting‐plane algorithms for the agent location problems. Computational results using these approaches demonstrate the efficacy of our procedures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
Differential Diagnosis of Limb Length Discrepancy in a 19th Century Burial from Southwest Mississippi
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a 19th century skeleton from southwest Mississippi that displays shortening of several right side bones. Most notable is a 50‐mm discrepancy in leg length involving the tibiae and fibulae. Osseous changes in the right foot suggest limited muscle function was present in this area. However, the shortened tibia and fibula show no signs of atrophy. After considering both osteological features and burial context, it is concluded that the individual was likely exposed to the poliovirus during childhood. While this diagnosis does not conform to the skeletal expectations of polio based on most paleopathological descriptions, the deformities observed fit within the range of what has been reported clinically. Based on this finding, it is suggested that polio should be considered as an etiological source of limb shortening even when signs of diffuse skeletal atrophy are lacking. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed micelle Synthesis of Ag/polyaniline nanocomposites via an in situ ultraviolet photo‐redox mechanism
Authors: Li Zhihua , Lin Wei , Lu Jianti , Laven Jozua , Foyet Adolphe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSilver/polyaniline nanocomposites were synthesized in reversed micellar solution, and the reaction was performed via in situ reduction of silver nitrate in aniline by photolysis. The nanocomposites were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the Ag/polyaniline nanocomposites are composed of nano‐sized particles of 15–30 nm that contain Ag domains of 10–15 nm. The electrical conductivity of an Ag/polyaniline pellet is 95.89 S cm−1, whereas a polyaniline pellet is found to be 3.1 × 10−2 S cm−1. Ag/polyaniline composites also have a higher degradation temperature and specific capacitance, when compared with pure polyaniline. Potentiodynamic polarization showed the anodic shifting of the zero current potential and a lower exchange current density for the Ag/polyaniline composite. Compared with polyaniline, the Ag/polyaniline nanocomposite is a promising candidate for coatings with improved anticorrosion performance. POLYM. COMPOS.,, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of SWCNT dispersion on epoxy nanocomposite properties
Authors: Uzunpinar Cihan , Mosiewicki Mirna A. , Auad Maria L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn nanocomposites containing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the final properties strongly depend on the dispersion quality of these fillers. Various methods have been used to improve the dispersion of nanofillers; however, one of the most effective ways is to functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with covalent and noncovalent functional groups. In this work, the dispersion of SWCNTs in an epoxy system was studied by using surfactants, acid (COOH), and ester groups (PGE)‐modified CNTs. Rheological and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that functionalization of CNTs helped in improving the dispersion of fillers in the epoxy matrix. Systems with surfactant modified SWCNTs (1 wt%) exhibited the highest storage modulus at low frequencies after 5‐min sonication. This behavior is associated to a stronger network of fillers as a result of a good dispersion. However, longer sonication times lowered the storage modulus, corresponding to a degradation of the tubes. The effect of the dispersion quality on mechanical properties was also studied using a three‐point bending set‐up. POLYM. COMPOS.,, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers