bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient Receiving High-Dose Simvastatin After the Induction of Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Dearing Natalie , Norgard Nicholas B 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To report a case of rhabdomyolysis in a patient receiving high-dose simvastatin after the induction of therapeutic hypothermia. Case Summary: A 45-year-old African American male was brought to the emergency department for a witnessed cardiac arrest. He was placed on a therapeutic hypothermia protocol and his simvastatin dose was increased from 40 to 80 mg at bedtime. Target core temperature (34 °C) was reached within 8 hours and was maintained for 24 hours. His admission creatine kinase was 965 units/L, which decreased to 153 units/L by day 4. On day 5, the patient voided a large quantity of orange-brown urine and had a dramatically increased creatine kinase (8523 unit/L) level and myoglobinuria. Statin therapy was subsequently discontinued. Creatine kinase remained elevated for 2 days, then gradually declined toward normal levels over the following week. Discussion: Simvastatin undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism mediated by CYP3A4, making it susceptible to significant drug interactions. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to significantly reduce the clearance of CYP3A4 substrates. We attribute this patient's rhabdomyolysis to a therapy-drug interaction between the therapeutic hypothermia and the administration of high-dose simvastatin. We believe that the induced hypothermia caused a reduction in simvastatin clearance, leading to toxic plasma concentrations. According to the Naranjo probability scale, it was probable that the rhabdomyolysis was related to simvastatin use. The Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale likewise classified the probability of a causal relationship between the potential therapy-drug interaction and the event as probable. Conclusions: Clinicians must be aware of the pharmacokinetic effects of therapeutic hypothermia to prevent potential drug-therapy interactions. It may be prudent to avoid the use of CYP3A4 substrates that are not essential treatments in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia until more information is known about their safety in this patient population.
Radiation Recall with Anticancer Agents
Authors: Burris Howard A. , Hurtig Jane 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Radiation recall is an acute inflammatory reaction confined to previously irradiated areas that can be triggered when chemotherapy agents are administered after radiotherapy. It remains a poorly understood phenomenon, but increased awareness may aid early diagnosis and appropriate management. A diverse range of drugs used in the treatment of cancer has been associated with radiation recall. As most data come from case reports, it is not possible to determine the true incidence, but to date the antineoplastic drugs for which radiation recall reactions have been most commonly reported include the anthracycline doxorubicin, the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel, and the antimetabolites gemcitabine and capecitabine. Radiation recall is drug-specific for any individual patient; it is not possible to predict which patients will react to which drugs, and rechallenge does not uniformly induce a reaction. There are no identifiable characteristics of drugs that cause radiation recall, and thus, it is a possibility that must be kept in mind with use of any drug after radiotherapy, including those from new drug classes. Although it is not yet possible to design treatment regimens to eliminate the risk of radiation recall, it seems likely that risks can be minimized by prolonging the interval between completion of radiotherapy and initiation of chemotherapy.
QSAR modelling toxicity toward rats of inorganic substances by means of CORAL
Authors: Toropova Alla , Toropov Andrey , Benfenati Emilio , Gini Giuseppina 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
CORAL (‘CORrelation And Logic’) is freeware available on the Internet www.insilico.eu/coral The aim of this program is to establish a correlation between an endpoint and descriptors calculated with a simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES). Three models calculated by CORAL for toxicity towards rat (-pLD50) of inorganic substances (three random splits) have shown that CORAL could be a good tool to model this endpoint. The average statistical characteristics for the CORAL models are the following: n=38, r2=0.8461, q2=0.8298, s=0.273, F=198 (subtraining set); n=37, r2=0.8144, s=0.322, F=154 (calibration set); and n=10, r2=0.8004, Rm (test)2 =0.7815, s=0.240, F=32 (validation set).
Micromechanic modeling and analysis of the flow regimes in horizontal pneumatic conveying
Authors: Kuang S. B. , Yu A. B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPneumatic conveying is an important technology for industries to transport bulk materials from one location to another. Different flow regimes have been observed in such transportation processes, but the underlying fundamentals are not clear. This article presents a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical study of horizontal pneumatic conveying by a combined approach of discrete element model for particles and computational fluid dynamics for gas. This particle scale, micromechanic approach is verified by comparing the calculated and measured results in terms of particle flow pattern and gas pressure drop. It is shown that flow regimes usually encountered in horizontal pneumatic conveying, including slug flow, stratified flow, dispersed flow and transition flow between slug flow and stratified flow, and the corresponding phase diagram can be reproduced. The forces governing the behavior of particles, such as the particle–particle, particle‐fluid and particle‐wall forces, are then analyzed in detail. It is shown that the roles of these forces vary with flow regimes. A general phase diagram in terms of these forces is proposed to describe the flow regimes in horizontal pneumatic conveying. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Family‐based genetic association study of DLGAP3 in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Crane Jacquelyn , Fagerness Jesen , Osiecki Lisa , Gunnell Boyd , Stewart S. Evelyn , Pauls David L. , Scharf Jeremiah M. ,   the Tourette Syndrome International Consortium for Genetics (TSAICG)
Published: November 2010

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood‐onset neuropsychiatric disorder that is familial and highly heritable. Although genetic influences are thought to play a significant role in the development of TS, no definite TS susceptibility genes have been identified to date. TS is believed to be genetically related to both obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and grooming disorders (GD) such as trichotillomania (TTM). SAP90/PSD95‐associated protein 3 (SAPAP3/DLGAP3) is a post‐synaptic scaffolding protein that is highly expressed in glutamatergic synapses in the striatum and has recently been investigated as a candidate gene in both OCD and GD studies. Given the shared familial relationship between TS, OCD and TTM, DLGAP3 was evaluated as a candidate TS susceptibility gene. In a family‐based sample of 289 TS trios, 22 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DLGAP3 region were analyzed. Nominally significant associations were identified between TS and rs11264126 and two haplotypes containing rs11264126 and rs12141243. Secondary analyses demonstrated that these results cannot be explained by the presence of comorbid OCD or TTM in the sample. Although none of these results remained significant after correction for multiple hypothesis testing, DLGAP3 remains a promising candidate gene for TS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping for dyslexia and related cognitive trait loci provides strong evidence for further risk genes on chromosome 6p21
Authors: König Inke R. , Schumacher Johannes , Hoffmann Per , Kleensang André , Ludwig Kerstin U. , Grimm Tiemo , Neuhoff Nina , Preis Maike , Roeske Darina , Warnke Andreas , Propping Peter , Remschmidt Helmut , Nöthen Markus M. , Ziegler Andreas , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Schulte‐Körne Gerd 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn a genome‐wide linkage scan, we aimed at mapping risk loci for dyslexia in the German population. Our sample comprised 1,030 individuals from 246 dyslexia families which were recruited through a single‐proband sib pair study design and a detailed assessment of dyslexia and related cognitive traits. We found evidence for a major dyslexia locus on chromosome 6p21. The cognitive trait rapid naming (objects/colors) produced a genome‐wide significant LOD score of 5.87 (P = 1.00 × 10−7) and the implicated 6p‐risk region spans around 10 Mb. Although our finding maps close to DYX2, where the dyslexia candidate genes DCDC2 and KIAA0319 have already been identified, our data point to the presence of an additional risk gene in this region and are highlighting the impact of 6p21 in dyslexia and related cognitive traits. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrostatic energy profiles at nanometer‐scale in group III nitride semiconductors using electron holography
Authors: Ponce F.A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectron holography in the transmission electron microscope can provide energy band profiles with sub‐nanometer spatial resolution. The phase of the electron beam is sensitive to the electrostatic potential, and a direct measurement of the latter can be achieved by making the electron beam signal that traverses the specimen interfere with a reference electron beam that travels through vacuum. This technique has been quite useful in probing the fields and charges at dislocations and at interfaces in semiconductors. This article presents a review of work done with the participation of the author in the past decade in the use of this technique to determine the piezoelectric effects in group III nitride semiconductor heterostructures.
Declines in the tuber‐feeding waterbird guild at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve, China – a barometer of submerged macrophyte collapse
Authors: Fox Anthony D. , Cao Lei , Zhang Yong , Barter Mark , Zhao Mei Juan , Meng Fan Juan , Wang Si Long 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Yangtze floodplain is globally unique for its extensive ephemeral wetlands, recharged by summer monsoon precipitation. The annual cycle of inundation and water table recession favours submerged macrophytes, includingVallisneriathat overwinters in desiccated substrates as tubers, which provide high‐energy winter food for tuber‐feeding waterbirds that were formerly abundant in the region.Large declines among the tuber‐feeding waterbirds swan gooseAnser cygnoides(L.), tundra swanCygnus columbianus(Ord) and hooded craneGrus monachaTemminck between 2004/2005 and 2009/2010 at Shengjin Lake, Anhui Province, suggest that major changes in food availability have occurred there.Based on observations of feeding behaviour and energy budgets of these species, it was calculated that at least 5.0 and 8.9 km2ofVallisneriabeds in 2004 and 2005, respectively, would be needed to support observed numbers of these species, compared with less than 1.5 km2found in 2009 and 2010.An incomplete macrophyte survey in summer 2000 located at least 7.7 km2ofVallisneriabeds in the Upper Lake, where none was present during resurveys in 2008 and 2009. Declines in tuber‐feeding waterbirds at Shengjin Lake coincide with the disappearance of their submerged macrophyte food plants, possibly as a result of eutrophication since the mid‐2000s.Widespread declines and concentration of tuber‐eating wintering waterbirds at other sites elsewhere in the Yangtze floodplain may also reflect the local collapse of submerged macrophytes and of ecosystem services that these wetlands provide to the human communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcified cartilage shape in archosaur long bones reflects overlying joint shape in stress‐bearing elements: Implications for nonavian dinosaur locomotion
Authors: Bonnan Matthew F. , Sandrik Jennifer L. , Nishiwaki Takahiko , Wilhite D. Ray , Elsey Ruth M. , Vittore Christopher 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn nonavian dinosaur long bones, the once‐living chondroepiphysis (joint surface) overlay a now‐fossilized calcified cartilage zone. Although the shape of this zone is used to infer nonavian dinosaur locomotion, it remains unclear how much it reflects chondroepiphysis shape. We tested the hypothesis that calcified cartilage shape reflects the overlying chondroepiphysis in extant archosaurs. Long bones with intact epiphyses from American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), and juvenile ostriches (Struthio camelus) were measured and digitized for geometric morphometric (GM) analyses before and after chondroepiphysis removal. Removal of the chondroepiphysis resulted in significant element truncation in all examined taxa, but the amount of truncation decreased with increasing size. GM analyses revealed that Alligator show significant differences between chondroepiphysis shape and the calcified cartilage zone in the humerus, but display nonsignificant differences in femora of large individuals. In Numida, GM analysis shows significant shape differences in juvenile humeri, but humeri of adults and the femora of all guinea fowl show no significant shape difference. The juvenile Struthio sample showed significant differences in both long bones, which diminish with increasing size, a pattern confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging scans in an adult. Our data suggest that differences in extant archosaur long bone shape are greater in elements not utilized in locomotion and related stress‐inducing activities. Based on our data, we propose tentative ranges of error for nonavian dinosaur long bone dimensional measurements. We also predict that calcified cartilage shape in adult, stress‐bearing nonavian dinosaur long bones grossly reflects chondroepiphysis shape. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Reproducibly Can Human Ear Ossicles Be Measured? A Study of Inter‐Observer Error
Authors: Flohr Stefan , Leckelt Jasmin , Kierdorf Uwe , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEar ossicles have thus far received little attention in biological anthropology. For the use of these bones as a source of biological information, it is important to know how reproducibly they can be measured. We determined inter‐observer errors for measurements recorded by two observers on mallei (N = 119) and incudes (N = 124) obtained from human skeletons recovered from an early medieval cemetery in southern Germany. Measurements were taken on‐screen on images of the bones obtained with a digital microscope. In the case of separately acquired images, mean inter‐observer error ranged between 0.50 and 9.59% (average: 2.63%) for malleus measurements and between 0.67 and 7.11% (average: 2.01%) for incus measurements. Coefficients of reliability ranged between 0.72 and 0.99 for the malleus measurements and between 0.61 and 0.98 for those of the incus. Except for one incus measurement, readings performed by the two observers on the same set of photographs produced lower inter‐observer errors and higher coefficients of reliability than the method involving separate acquisition of images by the observers. Across all linear measurements, absolute inter‐observer error was independent of the mean size of the measured variable for both bones. So far, studies on human ear ossicles have largely neglected the issue of measurement error and its potential implication for the interpretation of the data. Knowledge of measurement error is of special importance if results obtained by different researchers are combined into a single database. It is, therefore, suggested that the reproducibility of measurements should be addressed in all future studies of ear ossicles. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and Structure of the Glandopreputial Sulcus of the Human Clitoris With a Special Reference to Glandopreputial Glands
Authors: van der Putte Sebastian C.J. , Sie‐Go Daisy M.D.S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe structure and development of the sulcus between the glans and prepuce of the human clitoris have hardly been investigated. Interest in its structure was raised when in the female, in contrast to the male, glands were found to develop from the solid lamella‐like precursor of the glandopreputial sulcus. It prompted a further histological analysis of the sulcus in female fetuses and newborn and an extension of that study to clitorises of adult women. The investigation showed that in the clitoris, in contrast to the penis, the transformation of the glandopreputial lamella into the open sulcus was mostly incomplete and apparently remained so throughout life. As a most striking and probably exclusively female feature, two to eight eccrine glands developed from the base of the lamella in fetuses older than 14.5 weeks gestation. These glands formed secretory coils near and occasionally inside the adjacent distal corpora cavernosa. Some glands showed atresia, cystic dilatation, and squamous metaplasia. A remarkably similar picture was observed in the adult clitorises, in which the secretory coils were often found between the large blood vessels and nerves to the glans and were connected to the sulcus by long excretory ducts. All glands revealed unmistakably eccrine features. It is suggested that their secretion moistens the female glandopreputial sulcus, which is not lubricated by urethral secretion as in the male. The findings may explain the rare clitoral phimosis, cysts, and some pilonidal sinuses. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Students' physical and psychological reactions to forensic dissection: Are there risk factors?
Authors: Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Papadodima Stavroula A. , Evaggelakos Christos I. , Mytilinaios Dimitrios G. , Goutas Nikolaos D. , Spiliopoulou Chara A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reactions of students to forensic dissection encompass psychologico‐emotional and physical components. This exploratory study aimed to determine risk factors for students' adverse physical and psychological reactions to forensic dissection. All sixth‐year medical students (n = 304) attending the compulsory practical course in forensic medicine in the 2005–2006 academic year were asked to complete a questionnaire at the conclusion of the five‐day course. The questionnaire surveyed physical and psychological reactions (outcomes) and 47 student traits, beliefs, and behaviors (risk factors) that might predispose to adverse reactions. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression yielded five independent risk factors for negative psychological reactions: female gender, stereotypic beliefs about forensic pathologists, a less cognitive and more emotional frame of mind relative to forensic dissection, more passive coping strategies, and greater fear of death. The sole independent risk factor for physical symptoms was a less cognitive/more emotional approach to dissection. Students' reactions to forensic dissection integrate a host of inherent and dissection‐related risk factors, and future interventions to improve this aspect of medical education will need to take into account the complexities underlying students' experiences with dissection. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Anwendung von Recyclingbeton in der Schweiz: SIA‐Merkblatt MB 2030
Authors: Hoffmann Cathleen , Moser Konrad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeit Jahren sind in der Schweiz Bestrebungen in Gange, die Wiederverwertung von rückgebauten mineralischen Baustoffen zu fördern. Bereits 1994 erschien die Empfehlung SIA 162/4 “Recyclingbeton”, die sich auf die Tragwerksnormen SIA 160 ff. abstützte. Zur Präzisierung dieser Regelungen und als Hilfestellung für die Bemessung von Recyclingbeton unter Berücksichtigung der heutigen Erkenntnisse ist im Februar 2010 das SIA‐Merkblatt MB 2030 “Recyclingbeton” veröffentlicht worden. (Die französische Fassung erscheint im Juni 2010.)Dieses Merkblatt soll die sichere Anwendung von Recyclingbeton im Betonbau in Ergänzung zur heute gültigen Tragwerksnorm SIA 262 ermöglichen. Es führt in knapper Form die Definitionen und die wesentlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften des Recyclingbetons sowie Bemessungsgrundlagen auf. Des Weiteren gibt es Hinweise zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Es richtet sich an Planer, Bauherren und Behörden sowie an Unternehmer für Rückbau, Aufbereitung und Betonherstellung und an die Bauunternehmer. Im Beitrag werden die im Merkblatt getroffenen Festlegungen vorgestellt.
Zur Notwendigkeit von Gefällen bei Parkdecks
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Meyer Lars , Wiens Udo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSowohl bei der Planung und dem Bau neuer als auch bei der Begutachtung bestehender Parkbauten wird immer wieder die Frage diskutiert, ob die Ausbildung eines Gefälles prinzipiell notwendig ist. Dabei werden verschiedene Argumente zusammengebracht, die zum einen aus der Betrachtung der Nutzung und Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Gebäudes als Parkbau und zum anderen aus der Frage der Dauerhaftigkeit der Tragkonstruktion aus Stahlbeton oder Spannbeton resultieren. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, diese Argumente zusammenzustellen und zu ordnen. Anhand der verschiedenen Aspekte soll erläutert werden, warum im neuen DBV‐Merkblatt “Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen” darauf verzichtet wurde, die Ausbildung eines Gefälles als Regelbauweise in jedem Fall zu fordern und – stattdessen – es dem Bauherrn zu überlassen, aufgrund einer Abwägung differenzierter Argumente für und gegen ein Gefälle eine sachgerechte Entscheidung zu treffen.On the Necessity of Gradients at Parking DecksWhen design and executing new car parks or when surveying existing ones, an often discussed question is whether a gradient of parking decks is always necessary. In this context different arguments are commonly used. These arguments have been collected and reviewed under the aspect of usability as a car park on the one hand and under the aspect of durability of the reinforced construction on the other hand. It has been shown why in the new DBV‐Code of Practice “Multi‐Storey and Underground Car Parks” an incline is not required as a standard construction method in every case. Instead of that it has been concluded that an appropriate owner's decision on pro or contra an incline would be reasonable and necessary based on the above consideration of differentiated arguments.