bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamic properties of nitrile‐butadiene rubber/hindered phenol composites
Authors: Zhao Xiu‐Ying , Cao Ya‐Jun , Zou Hua , Li Jing , Zhang Li‐Qun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCrosslinked nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)/hindered phenol composites were successfully prepared by mixing tetrakis [methylene‐3‐(3‐5‐ditert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy phenyl) propionyloxy] methane (AO‐60) into NBR with 35% acrylonitrile mass fraction. The structural and mechanical properties of the NBR/AO‐60 composites were systematically investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, XRD, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronic microscope, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and tensile testing. The results indicated that the AO‐60 changed from crystalline form into amorphous form, and most of the AO‐60 molecules could be uniformly dispersed in the NBR matrix. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of NBR/AO‐60 composites increased gradually with increasing content of AO‐60. The increase in Tg could be attributed to the formation of a strong hydrogen bonding network between the AO‐60 molecules and the NBR matrix. Unlike the pure NBR, the NBR/AO‐60 rubber composites had only one transition with a high loss factor. With increasing content of AO‐60, the loss peak shifted to the high temperature region, the loss factor increased from 1.45 to 1.91, and the area under the tan δ versus temperature curve (TA) also showed a significant increase. All these results were ascribed to the good compatibility and strong intermolecular interactions between NBR and AO‐60. Furthermore, all NBR/AO‐60 composites exhibited higher glass transition temperatures and tensile strength than NBR, and they had other desirable mechanical properties. They have excellent prospects in damping material applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of experimental parameters on needleless electrospinning from a conical wire coil
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Weilin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, a conical wire coil was used as spinneret to launch a novel needleless electrospinning. Multiple polymer jets were observed on the surface of the coil in the electrospinning process. Productivity of the nanofibers can be enhanced to >2.5 g/h by using this novel nozzle. The fiber productivity and diameter together with diameter distribution were dependent on the concentration of the polymer solution, applied voltage, and collecting distance. This novel concept of using wire coil as the electrospinning nozzle depicts a model of large‐scale needleless electrospinning system for nanofiber production. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Development of benthic monitoring methods using photoquadrats and scuba on heterogeneous hard‐substrata: a boulder‐slope community case study
Authors: Van Rein H. , Schoeman D.S. , Brown C.J. , Quinn R. , Breen J. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Photoquadrats enable efficient and cost‐effective quantitative estimation of epibenthic communities. Despite their utility, however, there has been limited use of photoquadrats for such purposes in temperate north‐west Europe, where there is also a growing need for standardized approaches to marine monitoring.
A rapid photoquadrat‐based methodology was trialled by scuba divers on a heterogeneous boulder‐slope habitat in a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) in Northern Irish waters. To investigate the monitoring potential of the method, the benthic community was randomly sampled in the summers of 2009 and 2010. The community was represented at species level (community composition) and by functional group (community structure), and the data‐extraction resolution was varied using different numbers of point intercepts per image (25, 50, and 100) to assess the balance of precision and efficiency with regard to detection of community change.
The method was efficient in situ and yielded sufficient sample images for estimation of local benthic community diversity (number of species). The community varied significantly, with six distinct sub‐communities identified within the survey area. High spatial variability obscured detection of temporal changes in the overall community composition and structure. However, spatial variability was substantially reduced by testing only the dominant sub‐community, in which significant changes were detected between 2009 and 2010.

The ability of the photoquadrat to detect individual taxa was related to data resolution: the more point‐intercepts sampled, the more taxa were discovered, but the data‐extraction effort was greater. After considering the ability of the photoquadrat method to quantify number of species and to detect change in community structure, as well as its precision and efficiency, the inspection of 50 point intercepts per sample image was found to be optimal. These findings demonstrate the benefits of photoquadrat‐based methods and highlight their potential as a standard approach to marine monitoring.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal occupational pesticide exposure and risk of hypospadias in the national birth defects prevention study
Authors: Rocheleau Carissa M. , Romitti Paul A. , Sanderson Wayne T. , Sun Lixian , Lawson Christina C. , Waters Martha A. , Stewart Patricia A. , Olney Richard S. , Reefhuis Jennita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypospadias is a common congenital malformation among men in which the urethral opening is ventrally displaced. Pesticide exposure has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor, but previous epidemiologic studies have produced inconsistent results.METHODSWe used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a population‐based case‐control study, to examine maternal occupational exposure to fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides among 647 hypospadias case infants and 1496 unaffected male control infants with estimated delivery dates from October 1997 to December 2002. Periconceptional (1 month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy) pesticide exposures were assigned by an expert rater, assisted by a job‐exposure matrix (JEM), from a job history completed by mothers during a telephone interview. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with multivariable logistic regression, and adjusted for relevant covariates.RESULTSMaternal periconceptional occupational exposure to any pesticides (yes/no) was not associated with an increased risk of hypospadias (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.61–1.01). Maternal occupational periconceptional pesticide exposure type (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) and estimated quantity also showed no significantly increased risk of hypospadias and no evidence of a dose‐response relationship; however, the estimated pesticide exposure levels in this population were low.CONCLUSIONUsing broad classes of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, we found no evidence that low intensity maternal periconceptional occupational pesticide exposure was a risk factor for hypospadias. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanosecond electric pulses cause mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in Jurkat cells
Authors: Napotnik Tina Batista , Wu Yu‐Hsuan , Gundersen Martin A. , Miklavčič Damijan , Vernier P. Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNanosecond, high‐voltage electric pulses (nsEP) induce permeabilization of the plasma membrane and the membranes of cell organelles, leading to various responses in cells including cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase activation associated with apoptosis. We report here evidence for nsEP‐induced permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes in living cells. Using three different methods with fluorescence indicators—rhodamine 123 (R123), tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), and cobalt‐quenched calcein—we have shown that multiple nsEP (five pulses or more, 4 ns duration, 10 MV/m, 1 kHz repetition rate) cause an increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability and an associated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects could be a consequence of nsEP permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane or the activation of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores. Plasma membrane permeabilization (YO‐PRO‐1 influx) was detected in addition to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Bioelectromagnetics 33:257–264, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrolysis of Penicillin G by Penicillin G Acylase Immobilized on Chitosan Microbeads in Different Reactor Systems
Authors: Žuža M. G. , Obradović B. M. , Knežević‐Jugović Z. D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe kinetic parameters for penicillin G hydrolysis in systems with penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli (free and immobilized on activated chitosan microbeads produced by electrostatic extrusion) were determined. The obtained kinetic results indicated that both systems (free and immobilized) are inhibited by high concentrations of the substrate (penicillin G) as well as by products of the reaction (6‐aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid). The microbeads appeared convenient for penicillin G acylase immobilization reducing negative inhibitory effects. The hydrolysis was also investigated in a packed bed reactor. The derived kinetic model predicted good hydrolysis rates in the reactor while the system with recirculation of the reaction mixture proved to be a potentially favorable solution providing operation at low shear stresses and possibly higher hydrolysis rates than in the packed bed reactor alone.
A unified taxonomy for ciliary dyneins
Authors: Hom Erik F. Y. , Witman George B. , Harris Elizabeth H. , Dutcher Susan K. , Kamiya Ritsu , Mitchell David R. , Pazour Gregory J. , Porter Mary E. , Sale Winfield S. , Wirschell Maureen , Yagi Toshiki , King Stephen M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe formation and function of eukaryotic cilia/flagella require the action of a large array of dynein microtubule motor complexes. Due to genetic, biochemical, and microscopic tractability, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become the premier model system in which to dissect the role of dyneins in flagellar assembly, motility, and signaling. Currently, 54 proteins have been described as components of various Chlamydomonas flagellar dyneins or as factors required for their assembly in the cytoplasm and/or transport into the flagellum; orthologs of nearly all these components are present in other ciliated organisms including humans. For historical reasons, the nomenclature of these diverse dynein components and their corresponding genes, mutant alleles, and orthologs has become extraordinarily confusing. Here, we unify Chlamydomonas dynein gene nomenclature and establish a systematic classification scheme based on structural properties of the encoded proteins. Furthermore, we provide detailed tabulations of the various mutant alleles and protein aliases that have been used and explicitly define the correspondence with orthologous components in other model organisms and humans. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic impact of insulin receptor expression on survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Jin‐Soo , Kim Edward S. , Liu Diane , Lee J. Jack , Solis Luisa , Behrens Carmen , Lippman Scott M. , Hong Waun Ki , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to characterize insulin receptor (IR) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:A total of 459 patients who underwent curative resection of NSCLC were studied (median follow‐up duration, 4.01 years). Expression of the IR and IGF‐1R protein in tumor specimens was assessed immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays.RESULTS:The cytoplasmic IR score was higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) than in those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas cytoplasmic IGF‐1R score was higher in patients with SCC than those with ADC. Neither IR nor IGF‐1R expression was associated with sex, smoking history, or clinical stage. Patients with positive IR or IGF‐1R expression levels had poor recurrence‐free (RFS) (3.8 vs 3.3 years; 3.8 vs 2.0 years, respectively), but similar overall survival (OS). Patients with high expression levels of IR and IGF‐1R had shorter RFS and OS compared with those with low levels of IR and/or IGF‐1R expression. Finally, a multivariate analysis revealed the impact of IR, but not of IGF‐1R, as an independent predictive marker of NSCLC survival: hazard ratio (HR) for OS, 1.005 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001‐1.010], HR for RFS, 1.005 (95% CI, 1.001‐1.009), when IR score was tested as a continuous variable.CONCLUSIONS:Overexpression of IR predicts a poor survival among patients with NSCLC, especially those with SCC. These results might serve as future guidance to the clinical trials involving IR or IGR‐1R targeting agents. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Segregation of visual inputs from different regions of the compound eye in two parallel pathways through the anterior optic tubercle of the bumblebee (Bombus ignitus)
Authors: Pfeiffer Keram , Kinoshita Michiyo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVisually guided behaviors require the brain to extract features of the visual world and to integrate them in a context‐specific manner. Hymenopteran insects have been prime models for ethological research into visual behaviors for decades but knowledge about the underlying central processing is very limited. This is particularly the case for sky‐compass navigation. To learn more about central processing of visual information in general and specifically to reveal a possible polarization vision pathway in the bee brain, we used tracer injections to investigate the pathways through the anterior optic tubercle, a prominent output target of the insect optic lobe, in the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. The anterior optic tubercle of the bumblebee is a small neuropil of 200 μm width and is located dorsolateral to the antennal lobe at the anterior surface of the brain. It is divided into a larger upper and a smaller lower subunit, both of which receive input from the optic lobe and connect to the lateral accessory lobe, and the contralateral tubercle, via two parallel pathways. The lower subunit receives input from the dorsal rim area (DRA) of the compound eye. The bumblebee DRA shares structural similarities with polarization‐sensitive DRAs of other insects and looks similar to that of honeybees. We identified several neurons within this pathway that could be homologous to identified polarization‐sensitive neurons in the locust brain. We therefore conclude that the pathway through the lower subunit of the anterior optic tubercle could carry polarization information from the periphery to the central brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:212–229, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability estimation of hue and saturation components in the HSV space
Authors: Romani Santiago , Sobrevilla Pilar , Montseny Eduard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhen dealing with hue‐saturation‐value (HSV) components, one must be very careful about nonlinearity and singularities of the HSV space, which can amplify considerably the sampling errors of the original components, namely, red‐green‐blue (RGB) channels. Contradictorily, almost all research in computerized image analysis or processing based on HSV (or other nonlinear color space) neglect to account for such inhomogeneous variability. In this article, we present two approaches for estimating the degree of variability of hue and saturation in the HSV space, intended to assist any color image processing or analysis based on such components. Both approaches end up with new estimators of the hue and saturation standard deviation for a pixel distribution of any color sample. The first approach consists in applying error‐propagation analysis on the RGB‐to‐HSV formulation and the second one is based on heuristic rules inferred from geometrical relations between HSV values of pixel distributions. Experiments show that introduced estimators provide very accurate predictions of true H‐S deviations obtained from a broad subset of 183 NCS® color samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Measuring semantic similarity between words by removing noise and redundancy in web snippets
Authors: Xu Zheng , Luo Xiangfeng , Yu Jie , Xu Weimin 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSemantic similarity measures play important roles in many Web‐related tasks such as Web browsing and query suggestion. Because taxonomy‐based methods can not deal with continually emerging words, recently Web‐based methods have been proposed to solve this problem. Because of the noise and redundancy hidden in the Web data, robustness and accuracy are still challenges. In this paper, we propose a method integrating page counts and snippets returned by Web search engines. Then, the semantic snippets and the number of search results are used to remove noise and redundancy in the Web snippets (‘Web‐snippet’ includes the title, summary, and URL of a Web page returned by a search engine). After that, a method integrating page counts, semantics snippets, and the number of already displayed search results are proposed. The proposed method does not need any human annotated knowledge (e.g., ontologies), and can be applied Web‐related tasks (e.g., query suggestion) easily. A correlation coefficient of 0.851 against Rubenstein–Goodenough benchmark dataset shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing Web‐based methods by a wide margin. Moreover, the proposed semantic similarity measure significantly improves the quality of query suggestion against some page counts based methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold chain logistics system based on cloud computing
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Wang Ying , Chen Xi 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAll information technology (IT) resources that cloud computing provide can be seen as services. As a new IT implementation, cloud computing now has a profound impact on technological change. Cloud computing can provide critical software for business management, reducing IT and maintenance costs for hardware and software effectively. It can also enable small and medium enterprises to have access to professional IT solutions with less IT investment. The cold chain logistics system based on cloud computing can be used to connect the database between cold chain logistics and external customers, so that each database connection terminal can keep track of and update the data. A cold chain logistics system based on cloud computing is designed in this paper. This system consists of six functional parts: (1) data collection; (2) data calculation; (3) data updating and transmission; (4) configuration management; (5) control strategy; and (6) business development. It brings better cooperation between cold chain logistics and their customers, realizes co‐control of product sales information, accelerates the speed of cold chain logistics and maximizes the interests of all parties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on hybrid insulation composition joint using gas and solid insulator for gas‐insulated power equipment
Authors: Shinkai Hiroyuki , Goshima Hisashi , Yashima Masafumi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSF6 is used as the main insulation gas for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS), but it has recently become a gas that must be restricted because of its greenhouse effects. To date, we have studied the insulation characteristics of compressed N2 and CO2 as possible alternatives for SF6. We have reported that N2 or CO2 must be pressurized to 2.0 MPa when it is used as a substitute for SF6 at 0.5 MPa. Therefore, we have proposed a hybrid installation composition that uses gas and solid insulators. Because the central conductor of GIS is covered by a solid insulator in this composition, a high‐pressure gas at 2.0 MPa is not needed. However, the joint of the solid insulator becomes a weak point for discharge development. In this paper, we describe an effective configuration for improvement of the withstand voltage based on experiments. The most effective connector was made of resin without an implant electrode and the most effective configuration was one without a solid–solid interface between the solid insulator of the central conductor and the resin connector. In this experiment, the improvement of breakdown electric field of the hybrid composition was 44% or more compared with the case of only gas insulation (conventional method). In addition, further improvement can be expected by optimizing the insulation creepage distance and configuration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(1): 11–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21107
Extracellular proteolysis in macrophage migration: Losing grip for a breakthrough
Authors: Vérollet Christel , Charrière Guillaume M. , Labrousse Arnaud , Cougoule Céline , Le Cabec Véronique , Maridonneau‐Parini Isabelle 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMacrophage tissue infiltration is a hallmark of several pathological situations including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and chronic inflammation. Hence, deciphering the mechanisms of macrophage migration across a variety of tissues holds great potential for novel anti‐inflammatory therapies. Leukocytes have long been thought to migrate through tissues by using the amoeboid (protease‐independent) migration mode; however, recent evidence indicates that macrophages can use either the amoeboid or the mesenchymal (protease‐dependent) migration mode depending on the environmental constraints. Proteolytic activity is required for several key processes including cell migration. Paradoxically, the role of proteases in macrophage migration has been poorly studied. Here, by focusing on the best characterized extracellular protease families – MMPs, cathepsins and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator – we give an overview of their probable involvement in macrophage migration. These proteases appear to play a role in all of the situations encountered by migrating macrophages, i.e. diapedesis, 2D and 3D migration. Migration of macrophages across tissues seems to proceed through an integrative analysis of numerous environmental clues allowing the cells to adapt their migration mode (amoeboid/mesenchymal) and secrete dedicated proteases to ensure efficient tissue infiltration, as discussed in this review. The role of proteases in macrophage migration is an emerging field of research, which deserves further work to allow a more precise understanding.