bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rossini's noisy bodies
Authors: ESSE MELINA 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRossini's comic finales consistently foreground the propensity of noise to overwhelm the senses, to both signify and induce madness or confusion, and to transform the bodies on stage into noisy automata. Such mechanical noisiness may appear ‘naturally’ comic and dramatically appropriate – and therefore hardly in need of comment. But the din of Rossini's operas was a point of contention for critics; even Stendhal, normally the composer's staunch advocate, displays a kind of ambivalence about the sheer physical force of Rossini's music. This ambivalence mirrors a larger division between fans and critics, a bifurcation that produced an immense volume of printed matter as Rossini's music became a nexus for debates about the place of reason versus sensation and the troubled relationship between physiological and moral stimulation. These tensions are especially apparent in two operas from 1817, La Cenerentola and La gazza ladra. Both works tend to subvert the conventions of sentimental comedy by ironizing sentimental display, mocking tender feelings or, most tellingly, juxtaposing tears with violent cacophony – tactics that did not always sit well with critics. Using Stendhal's Vie de Rossini as a focal point, this essay situates Rossinian noise and the controversy surrounding it in the context of pervasive concern about the sensible body in a post-sentimental era. Because it seemed to act on the body in such powerful ways, noise very easily allowed commentators to invoke a whole panoply of overlapping discourses – of politics, sentimentality and sensibility, morality, medicine and physiology – in their attempts to account for Rossini's popularity.
Efficient aquatic bacterial metabolism of dissolved low-molecular-weight compounds from terrestrial sources
Authors: Berggren Martin , Laudon Hjalmar , Haei Mahsa , Ström Lena , Jansson Mats 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs), amino acids (AAs) and carbohydrates (CHs) in dissolved free forms can be readily assimilated by aquatic bacteria and metabolized at high growth efficiencies. Previous studies have shown that these low-molecular-weight (LMW) substrates are released by phytoplankton but also that unidentified LMW compounds of terrestrial origin is a subsidy for bacterial metabolism in unproductive freshwater systems. We tested the hypothesis that different terrestrially derived CA, AA and CH compounds can offer substantial support for aquatic bacterial metabolism in fresh waters that are dominated by allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM). Drainage water from three catchments of different characters in the Krycklan experimental area in Northern Sweden were studied at the rising and falling limb of the spring flood, using a 2-week bioassay approach. A variety of CA, AA and CH compounds were significantly assimilated by bacteria, meeting 15–100% of the bacterial carbon demand and explaining most of the observed variation in bacterial growth efficiency (BGE; R2=0.66). Of the 29 chemical species that was detected, acetate was the most important, representing 45% of the total bacterial consumption of all LMW compounds. We suggest that LMW organic compounds in boreal spring flood drainage could potentially support all in situ bacterial production in receiving lake waters during periods of weeks to months after the spring flood.
Conversion and conservation of light energy in a photosynthetic microbial mat ecosystem
Authors: Al-Najjar Mohammad A A , de Beer Dirk , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Kühl Michael , Polerecky Lubos 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Here we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first balanced light energy budget for a benthic microbial mat ecosystem, and show how the budget and the spatial distribution of the local photosynthetic efficiencies within the euphotic zone depend on the absorbed irradiance (Jabs). Our approach uses microscale measurements of the rates of heat dissipation, gross photosynthesis and light absorption in the system, and a model describing light propagation and conversion in a scattering–absorbing medium. The energy budget was dominated by heat dissipation on the expense of photosynthesis: in light-limiting conditions, 95.5% of the absorbed light energy dissipated as heat and 4.5% was channeled into photosynthesis. This energy disproportionation changed in favor of heat dissipation at increasing irradiance, with &gt;99% of the absorbed light energy being dissipated as heat and &lt;1% used by photosynthesis at Jabs&gt;700 μmol photon m−2 s−1 (&gt;150 J m−2 s−1). Maximum photosynthetic efficiencies varied with depth in the euphotic zone between 0.014−0.047 O2 per photon. Owing to steep light gradients, photosynthetic efficiencies varied differently with increasing irradiances at different depths in the euphotic zone; for example, at Jabs&gt;700 μmol photon m−2 s−1, they reached around 10% of the maximum values at depths 0−0.3 mm and progressively increased toward 100% below 0.3 mm. This study provides the base for addressing, in much more detail, the photobiology of densely populated photosynthetic systems with intense absorption and scattering. Furthermore, our analysis has promising applications in other areas of photosynthesis research, such as plant biology and biotechnology.
Probabilistic-based genetic assignment model: assignments to subcontinent of origin of the West Greenland Atlantic salmon harvest
Authors: Sheehan Timothy F. , Legault Christopher M. , King Timothy L. , Spidle Adrian P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSheehan, T. F., Legault, C. M., King, T. L., and Spidle, A. P. 2010. Probabilistic-based genetic assignment model: assignments to subcontinent of origin of the West Greenland Atlantic salmon harvest. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 537–550. A multistock Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishery operates off the coast of West Greenland and harvests fish of North American and European origin. Annual landings peaked in 1971 at 2700 t, but declined to 22 t in 2003. Biological data are collected to characterize the catch and its stock composition. Multilocus genotypes, generated via microsatellite DNA analysis, are used to derive statistics on continent of origin and less accurate finer-scale assignments. We developed a probabilistic-based genetic assignment (PGA) model to estimate the contribution of salmon from individual North American rivers in the 2000–2003 West Greenland catch. Uncertainty associated with finer-scale assignments is addressed by incorporating estimated misclassification rates and by reporting results as distributions generated via Monte Carlo resampling. US-origin fish represented ∼1% (by number) of the salmon harvested at West Greenland during the years 2000–2003. The resulting loss of spawners to this stock complex was approximately half the estimated adult returns in 2001, but was below 4% in the other 3 years. This is the first attempt to partition the US component of the West Greenland mixed-stock fishery to its finer parts. The approach can be used to identify the effects of fishing on individual stocks within any multistock complex where genetic samples of known origin are available.
On the Poincaré–Hill cycle map of rotational random walk: locating the stochastic limit cycle in a reversible Schnakenberg model
Authors: Vellela Melissa , Qian Hong 
Published: November 2009

Recent studies on stochastic oscillations mostly focus on the power spectral analysis. However, the power spectrum yields information only on the frequency of oscillation and cannot differentiate between a stable limit cycle and a stable focus. The cycle flux, introduced by Hill (Hill 1989
Free energy transduction and biochemical cycle kinetics
), is a quantitative measure of the net movement over a closed path, but it is impractical to compute for all possible cycles in systems with a large state space. Through simple examples, we introduce concepts used to quantify stochastic oscillation, such as the cycle flux, the Hill–Qian stochastic circulation and rotation number. We introduce a novel device, the Poincaré–Hill cycle map (PHCM), which combines the concept of Hill’s cycle flux with the Poincaré map from nonlinear dynamics. Applying the PHCM to a reversible extension of an oscillatory chemical system, the Schnakenberg model, reveals stable oscillations outside the Hopf bifurcation region in which the deterministic system contains a limit cycle. Bistable behaviour is found on the small volume scale with high probabilities around both the fixed point and the limit cycle. Convergence to the deterministic system is found in the thermodynamic limit.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms, serum methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase levels, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese population
Authors: Tong Na , Fang Yongjun , Li Jie , Wang Meilin , Lu Qin , Wang Shizhi , Tian Yuanyuan , Rong Liucheng , Sun Jielin , Xu Jianfeng , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: November 2009

(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 782–786)Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), involved in DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis, is thought to be associated with a decreased risk of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Accumulating evidence has indicated that two common genetic variants, C677T and A1298C, are associated with cancer risk. We hypothesized that these two variants were associated with childhood ALL susceptibility and influence serum MTHFR levels. We genotyped these two polymorphisms and detected MTHFR levels in a case–control study of 361 cases and 508 controls. Compared with the 677CC and 677CC/CT genotypes, the 677TT genotype was associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of childhood ALL (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = 0.32–0.88, and odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = 0.35–0.88, respectively). In addition, a pronounced reduced risk of ALL was observed among low‐risk ALL and B‐phenotype ALL. Moreover, the mean serum MTHFR level was 8.01 ng/mL (±4.38) in cases and 9.27 ng/mL (±4.80) in controls (P < 0.001). MTHFR levels in subjects with 677TT genotype was significantly higher than those with 677CC genotype (P = 0.010) or 677CT genotype (P = 0.043) in controls. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that the MTHFR polymorphisms might contribute to reduced childhood ALL risk in this population.
Review article: the clinical management of congenital chloride diarrhoea
Authors: WEDENOJA S. , HÖGLUND P. , HOLMBERG C. 
Published: November 2009

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 477–485SummaryBackground  Congenital chloride diarrhoea in a newborn is a medical emergency, requiring early diagnostics and treatment to prevent severe dehydration and infant mortality. While most of the 250 cases reported arise from Finland, Poland and Arab countries, single cases with this autosomal recessive disorder appear worldwide. Such congenital chloride diarrhoea rarity makes diagnosis difficult. Life‐long salt substitution with NaCl and KCl stabilizes fluid, electrolyte and acid‐base balance diagnosis. When properly treated, the long‐term outcome is favourable.Aim To summarize data on congenital chloride diarrhoea diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment, and to provide guidelines for both acute and long‐term management of congenital chloride diarrhoea.Methods  Data are based on MEDLINE search for ‘chloride diarrhoea’, in addition to clinical experience in the treatment of the largest known series of patients.Results  Treatment of congenital chloride diarrhoea involves (i) life‐long salt substitution; (ii) management of acute dehydration and hypokalaemia during gastroenteritis or other infections; and (iii) recognition and treatment of other manifestations of the disease, such as intestinal inflammation, renal impairment and male subfertility.Conclusions  This review summarizes data on congenital chloride diarrhoea and provides guidelines for treatment. After being a mostly paediatric problem, adult patients constitute a rare challenge for gastroenterologists worldwide.
A20 is an early responding negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 5 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells during inflammation
Authors: Oshima N , Ishihara S , Rumi M A K , Aziz M M , Mishima Y , Kadota C , Moriyama I , Ishimura N , Amano Y , Kinoshita Y 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Several negative regulatory mechanisms control Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory responses and restore immune system balance, including the zinc-finger protein A20, a negative regulator of TLR signalling that inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. In the present study, we investigated TLR-5-mediated A20 expression and its role in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during inflammation. HCT-15 and HT-29 cells were stimulated with flagellin, then the expressions of A20, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-M) and Tollip were evaluated using RNase protection assay. Furthermore, experimental colitis was induced in tlr4-deficient CH3/HeJ mice by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), then flagellin was injected anally, and the colonic expression of A20 was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. To confirm flagellin-induced expression of A20, we employed an organ culture system. The role of A20 in flagellin-induced tolerance induction was evaluated in vitro, using a gene knock-down method targeting A20. A20 expression increased rapidly and peaked at 1 h after flagellin stimulation in cultured IECs, then declined gradually to the basal level. In vivo, anal injection of flagellin induced epithelial expression of A20 in injured colonic tissue, whereas flagellin did not cause a significant increase in A20 expression in non-injured normal tissue, which was also confirmed in vitro using the organ culture system. Gene knock-down using A20 siRNA did not influence tolerance induced by restimulation with flagellin. A20 is an early response negative regulator of TLR-5 signalling in IECs that functions during intestinal inflammation. Our results provide new insights into the negative feedback regulation of TLR-5 signalling that maintains the innate immune system in the gut.
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies in non-coeliac children suffering from infectious diseases
Authors: Ferrara F , Quaglia S , Caputo I , Esposito C , Lepretti M , Pastore S , Giorgi R , Martelossi S , Dal Molin G , Di Toro N , Ventura A , Not T 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies are the diagnostic markers of coeliac disease. A role is suggested for infectious agents in the production of anti-transglutaminase antibodies. The aim was to measure positive anti-transglutaminase antibody levels in children with infectious diseases and to compare immunological and biological characteristics of the anti-transglutaminase antibodies derived from these children with that from coeliac patients. Two hundred and twenty-two children suffering from infectious diseases were enrolled prospectively along with seven biopsy-proven coeliacs. Serum samples were tested for anti-transglutaminase antibodies and anti-endomysium antibodies; positive samples were tested for coeliac-related human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2/8 and anti-viral antibodies. Purified anti-transglutaminase antibodies from the two study groups were tested for urea-dependent avidity, and their ability to induce cytoskeletal rearrangement and to modulate cell-cycle in Caco-2 cells, using phalloidin staining and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, respectively. Nine of 222 children (4%) tested positive to anti-transglutaminase, one of whom also tested positive for anti-endomysium antibodies. This patient was positive for HLA-DQ2 and was diagnosed as coeliac following intestinal biopsy. Of the eight remaining children, two were positive for HLA-DQ8. Levels of anti-transglutaminase returned to normal in all subjects, despite a gluten-containing diet. Purified anti-transglutaminase of the two study groups induced actin rearrangements and cell-cycle progression. During an infectious disease, anti-transglutaminase antibodies can be produced temporarily and independently of gluten. The infection-triggered anti-transglutaminase antibodies have the same biological properties as that of the coeliacs, with the same in-vivo potential for damage.
Benefit of short‐term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves’ disease
Authors: Takata Kazuna , Amino Nobuyuki , Kubota Sumihisa , Sasaki Ichiro , Nishihara Eijun , Kudo Takumi , Ito Mitsuru , Fukata Shuji , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: November 2009

SummaryObjective  Combined treatment with anti‐thyroid drugs (ATDs) and potassium iodide (KI) has been used only for severe thyrotoxicosis or as a pretreatment before urgent thyroidectomy in patients with Graves’ disease. We compared methimazole (MMI) treatment with MMI + KI treatment in terms of rapid normalization of thyroid hormones during the early phase and examined the later induction of disease remission.Design and patients  A total of 134 untreated patients with Graves’ disease were randomly assigned to one of four regimens: Group 1, MMI 30 mg; Group 2, MMI 30 mg + KI; Group 3, MMI 15 mg and Group 4, MMI 15 mg + KI. For easy handling, KI tablets were used instead of saturated solution of KI. KI was discontinued when patients showed normal free thyroxine (FT4) levels but MMI was continued with a tapering dosage until remission. Remission rate was examined during a 4‐ to 5‐year observation.Measurements  Serum FT4, FT3 and TSH were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays. TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) was assayed with TRAb‐ELISA. Goitre size was estimated by ultrasonography.Results  After 2 weeks of treatment, normal FT4 was observed in 29% of patients in Group 1 and 59% (P < 0·05) of patients in Group 2. Furthermore, normal FT4 after 2 weeks of treatment was observed in 27% of patients in Group 3 and 54% (P < 0·05) of patients in Group 4. Similarly, FT3 normalized more rapidly in Groups 2 and 4 than in Groups 1 and 3. None of the patients showed an increase in thyroid hormones or aggravation of disease during combined treatment with MMI and KI. The remission rates in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 34%, 44%, 33% and 51%, respectively, and were higher in the groups receiving combined therapy but differences among four groups did not reach significance.Conclusions  Combined treatment with MMI and KI improved the short‐term control of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and was not associated with worsening hyperthyroidism or induction of thionamide resistance.
What is the optimal therapy for young males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
Authors: Han T. S. , Bouloux P. M. G. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryHypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), consequent to congenital or acquired disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, presents as absent/delayed/arrested sexual maturation and infertility. Optimal management includes: (a) confirmation of the diagnosis and prognosis, (b) timing and choice of therapeutic intervention and (c) consideration of future fertility prospects. Therapy is usually initiated with testosterone to induce development of secondary sexual characteristics, taking the patient (often diagnosed late) through puberty. Monitoring of the impact of the condition on long‐term health and psychosocial function is necessary. Treatment is likely to be life‐long, requiring regular monitoring for its optimization and avoidance of adverse responses. Induction of spermatogenesis requires either pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or gonadotropin administration. Gonadotropins can be self‐administered subcutaneously and are not inferior to the more costly GnRH. ‘Reversible genetic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism’ is a recently described entity which has implications for the long‐term management of patients with HH.
Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) screening for exon copy number variation in the calcium sensing receptor gene: no large rearrangements identified in patients with calcium metabolic disorders
Authors: Nissen Peter H. , Christensen Signe E. , Wallace Andrew , Heickendorff Lene , Brixen Kim , Mosekilde Leif 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground  Mutation screening of the CASR by DNA sequencing is commonly used in the diagnosis of disorders of calcium metabolism, such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). Exon copy number variation is not detected by currently used molecular genetic screening methods, and might be a genetic cause of inherited forms of hyper‐ or hypocalcaemia caused by the CASR.Objective  We wanted to further evaluate possible genetic causes for disorders of calcium metabolism, by investigating the prevalence of exon copy number variations, such as large deletions or duplications of the CASR.Patients and methods  The study included 257 patient samples referred to our laboratory for molecular genetic analysis of the CASR gene. A total of 245 were patients suspected to have FHH, while the remaining 12 samples represent patients with a phenotype of idiopathic hypocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism. All samples were previously found negative for CASR mutations. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification was used to screen the patients for exon copy number variations.Results  All exons were amplified with mean normalised ratios between 0·98 and 1·06. We did not identify any exon copy number variation in the CASR. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the CASR gene contains 52% repeated elements, of which approximately 6% consist of Alu elements.Conclusions  The present study indicates that including CASR MLPA analysis as a routine part of the diagnostic setup is not necessary, but could still be of interest in cases with a clear family history and no evidence of missense mutations in the CASR gene.
Post‐gall induction performance of Adelges Abietis (L.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) is influenced by clone, shoot length, and density of colonising gallicolae
Authors: FLAHERTY LEAH , QUIRING DAN , KERSHAW JOHN A. 
Published: November 2009

1. We evaluated the effect of clone (one susceptible and one resistant clone), shoot length, crown level, and gallicola density on post‐gall induction performance of Adelges abietis. Galls that had been successfully induced by one fundatrix on a range of shoot sizes were selected, and the number of gallicolae that could colonise the gall was manipulated.2. Post‐induction gall development success was inversely related to shoot length and was higher on the susceptible clone than on the resistant clone. As gallicola density did not influence the proportion of galls that successfully completed development, reduced post‐induction gall development on large shoots was not likely to be result of an insufficient stimulus from gallicolae.3. Clone was the only factor that significantly influenced gall volume and galls were larger on the susceptible clone than on the resistant clone. As gall volume did not increase when more gallicolae attempted to colonise a gall, competition within a gall increased. Gallicola survival was inversely related to the number of colonising gallicolae. Our results suggest that gall size may be limiting at natural densities.4. Previous studies report positive relationships between gall induction success and fundatrix density, and between gall size and fundatrix density. As each fundatrix produces one egg mass of gallicolae, this study suggests that there may be a trade‐off between the successful induction of a large gall and subsequent survival of gallicolae.5. In the present study, clone influenced all measures of post‐gall induction performance. Performance was always higher on the susceptible than on the resistant clone.