bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive periodic health evaluations of 454 Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic athletes over 8 years: what did we learn?
Authors: Steffen Kathrin , Bahr Roald , Clarsen Benjamin , Fossan Bjørn , Fredriksen Hilde , Gjelsvik Hilde , Haugvad Lars , Hoksrud Aasne Fenne , Iversen Erik , Koivisto-Mørk Anu , Moen Ellen , Røstad Vibeke , Reier-Nilsen Tonje , Torgalsen Thomas , Berge Hilde Moseby 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveA periodic health evaluation (PHE) is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary investigation of athlete health widely used in elite sport, but its contents and benefits can be questioned. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of conditions identified by a PHE among Paralympic and Olympic athletes over four consecutive Games cycles from Rio de Janeiro 2016 to Beijing 2022 and to assess the benefits and potential pitfalls of a comprehensive PHE programme in detecting existing injuries, illnesses and other health issues.MethodsWe collected extensive health history and clinical examination data on elite athletes: medical history, ECG, blood pressure, blood samples, spirometry, musculoskeletal health, cognitive function, mental health and compliance with public health programmes.ResultsThe final cohort included 87 Paralympic and 367 Olympic athletes, representing 565 PHE cycles. Musculoskeletal problems and unspecified pain, infections and allergies were the most frequent health issues. High blood pressure was the most prevalent cardiovascular finding, and vitamin D deficiency the most common laboratory abnormality. Most athletes complied with the public childhood vaccination programmes, but fewer with recommended cancer screening. Follow-up of health issues was variable.ConclusionOur PHE programme identified musculoskeletal problems, infections, allergies, elevated blood pressure and vitamin D deficiency as common health conditions. Longitudinal follow-up of health conditions identified during screening and improved compliance with public health and cancer screening programmes is needed to determine the true benefits of athlete care prompted by the PHE.
Understanding the impact of a residential housing program for people living with HIV/AIDS: results from a realist evaluation
Authors: Ali Anum , Groot Gary , April Melissa , MacPhee Maura , Witham Stephanie , Alimezelli Hubert , Carr Tracey 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIn Canada, the Public Health Agency surveillance of new HIV cases has demonstrated annual increasing rates since 2020. The rates of new HIV cases are highest in the province of Saskatchewan.ObjectivesThe aim of the project was to conduct a resident-oriented realist evaluation of an innovative supportive housing programme, Sanctum, for people living with HIV/AIDS who also face social care issues, such as homelessness. This project took place in Saskatchewan, a province that is seeking innovative approaches to improve quality of life and HIV/AIDS management for its citizens. Our evaluation addressed how and why participants were successful (or not) within the Sanctum programme.Design and settingSanctum is a housing programme located in an inner-city location within the province of Saskatchewan. A unique component of this evaluation was the inclusion of an individual with lived experience, a resident partner, as a member of the research team.Participants11 recent Sanctum graduates, seven men and four women, were recruited for client partner-led in-depth, semistructured interviews.InterventionsPrior to the evaluation, we developed a realist programme theory with potential causal explanations, known as context-mechanism-outcomes (CMO) configurations. Interview data from the evaluation and ongoing discussions with Sanctum board members and our resident partner were used to test, refine and validate the final programme theory and CMO configurations.ResultsCMO configurations at the micro (individual), meso (interpersonal) and macro (community) levels complement the over-arching programme theory. Key findings were the importance of Sanctum’s harm reduction philosophy, accompanied by a non-judgmental and patient-oriented approach. Participants were supported to reduce risky behaviour, improve self-care management and develop healthier relationships within a ‘safe’ home-like setting. Underlying mechanisms that contributed to participants’ success in the programme included: intrinsic motivation, self-worth, belongingness, empowerment and self-efficacy. Evidence-informed recommendations are offered to support Sanctum-like programme development for individuals with holistic health needs related to HIV/AIDS diagnoses and lack of access to necessary social determinants of health.ConclusionsStigma associated with HIV/AIDS and living circumstances, such as homelessness, were successfully addressed using harm reduction principles and judgement-free approaches within a family-like environment.
Utilising a ‘Community of Practice’ to support pharmacists to work in residential aged care: protocol for a longitudinal evaluation
Authors: Lee Kenneth , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Johnson Jacinta , Lobo Elton , Wang Kate , Ailabouni Nagham , Mavaddat Nahal , Clifford Rhonda Marise , Page Amy Theresa 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionA Community of Practice is briefly defined as a group of people with a shared interest in a given area of practice who work collaboratively to grow collective knowledge. Communities of Practice have been used to facilitate knowledge exchange and improve evidence-based practice. Knowledge translation within the residential aged care sector is lacking, with barriers such as inadequate staffing and knowledge gaps commonly cited. In Australia, a Federal inquiry into residential aged care practices led to a recommendation to embed pharmacists within residential aged care facilities. Onsite practice in aged care is a new role for pharmacists in Australia. Thus, support is needed to enable pharmacists to practice in this role.The primary aim is to evaluate the processes and outcomes of a Community of Practice designed to support pharmacists to work in aged care.Methods and analysisA longitudinal, single-group, pretest–post-test design in which the intervention is a Community of Practice. The Community of Practice will be established and made available for 3 years to all Australian pharmacists interested in, new to or established in aged care roles. The Community of Practice will be hosted on online discussion platforms, with additional virtual meetings and annual symposia. The following data will be collected from all members of the Community of Practice: self-evaluation of the processes and outcomes of the Community of Practice (via the CoPeval scale) and confidence in evidence-based practice (EPIC scale), collected via online questionnaires annually; and discussion platform usage statistics and discussion transcripts. A subset of members will be invited to participate in annual semi-structured individual interviews.Data from the online questionnaire will be analysed descriptively. Discussion transcripts will be analysed using topic modelling and content analysis to identify the common topics discussed and their frequencies. Qualitative data from individual interviews will be thematically analysed to explore perceptions and experiences with the intervention for information/knowledge exchange, impact on practice, and sharing/promoting/implementing evidence-based practice.Ethics and disseminationHuman ethics approval has been granted by the University of Western Australia’s Human Ethics Committee (2023/ET000000). No personal information will be included in any publications and reports to funding bodies.Findings will be disseminated to all members of the Community of Practice, professional organisations, social and mass media, peer-review journals, research and professional conferences and annual reports to the funding body.
Cost-effectiveness of a complex continuum of care intervention targeting women and children: protocol for an economic evaluation of the Bukhali trial in South Africa
Authors: Palmer Tom , Leiva Granados Rolando , Draper Catherine , Norris Shane A , Batura Neha 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAs nearly two-thirds of women presenting at their first antenatal visit are either overweight or obese in urban South Africa, the preconception period is an opportunity to optimise health and offset transgenerational risk of both obesity and non-communicable diseases. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of an individually randomised controlled trial of a complex continuum of care intervention targeting women and children in Soweto, South Africa (Bukhali trial).Methods and analysisThe economic evaluation of the Bukhali trial will be conducted as a within-trial analysis from both provider and societal perspectives. Incremental costs and health outcomes of the continuum of care intervention will be compared with standard care. The economic impact on implementing agencies (programme costs), healthcare providers, participants and their households will be estimated. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) will be calculated in terms of cost per case of child adiposity at age years averted. Additionally, ICERs will also be reported in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. If Bukhali demonstrates effectiveness, we will employ a decision analytical model to examine the cost-effectiveness of the intervention over a child’s lifetime. A Markov model will be used to estimate long-term health benefits, healthcare costs and cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore uncertainty and ensure robust results. An analysis will be conducted to assess the equity impact of the intervention, by comparing intervention impact within quintiles of socioeconomic status.Ethics and disseminationThe Bukhali trial economic evaluation has ethical approval from the Human Ethics Research Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (M240162). The results of the economic evaluation will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant international conference.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201903750173871;https://pactr.samrc.ac.za).
Impact evaluation of a cash-plus programme for children with disabilities in the Xiengkhouang Province in Lao PDR: study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Banks Lena Morgon , Soukkhaphone Bounhome , Scherer Nathaniel , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Carew Mark T , Shakespeare Tom , Chen Shanquan , Davey Calum , Goyal Divya , Zinke-Allmang Anja , Kuper Hannah , Chanthakoumane Ketmany 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionMore than 170 countries have implemented disability-targeted social protection programmes, although few have been rigorously evaluated. Consequently, a non-randomised controlled trial is being conducted of a pilot ‘cash-plus’ programme implemented by UNICEF Laos and the Laos government for children with disabilities in the Xiengkhouang Province in Laos. The intervention combines a regular cash transfer with provision of assistive devices and access for caregivers to a family support programme.Methods and analysisThe non-randomised controlled trial will involve 350 children with disabilities across 3 districts identified by programme implementers as eligible for the programme (intervention arm). Implementers have also identified approximately 180 children with disabilities in neighbouring districts, who would otherwise meet eligibility criteria but do not live in the project areas (control arm). The trial will assess the impact of the programme on child well-being (primary outcome), as well as household poverty, caregiver quality of life and time use (secondary outcomes). Baseline data are being collected May–October 2023, with endline 24 months later. Analysis will be intention to treat. A complementary process evaluation will explore the implementation, acceptability of the programme, challenges and enablers to its delivery and mechanisms of impact.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Laos. Informed consent and assent will be taken by trained data collectors. Data will be collected and stored on a secure, encrypted server and its use will follow a detailed data management plan. Findings will be disseminated in academic journals and in short briefs for policy and programmatic actors, and in online and in-person events.Trial registration numberISRCTN80603476.
Trajectories of self-reported fatigue following initiation of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Englund Simon , Frisell Thomas , Qu Ying , Gandhi Kavita , Hultén Annika , Kierkegaard Marie , Piehl Fredrik , Longinetti Elisa 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundWe analysed the COMparison Between All immunoTherapies for Multiple Sclerosis (NCT03193866), a Swedish nationwide observational study in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), to identify trajectories of fatigue and their association with physical disability following start of disease-modifying therapy (DMT).MethodsUsing a group-modelling approach, we assessed trajectories of fatigue with the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions and physical disability with Expanded Disability Status Scale among 1587 and 1818 individuals who initiated a first DMT and had a first DMT switch, respectively, followed during 2011–2022. We investigated predictors of fatigue trajectories using group membership as a multinomial outcome and calculated conditional probabilities linking membership across the trajectories.ResultsWe identified five trajectories of fatigue in participants who initiated their first DMT: no fatigue (mean starting values=23.7; 18.2% of population), low (35.5; 23.9%), mild (49.0; 21.6%), moderate (61.3; 20.1%) and severe (78.7; 16.1%). While no, low, mild and severe fatigue trajectories remained stable, the moderate trajectory increased to severe fatigue. Similarly, we identified six fatigue trajectories among participants who did a DMT switch, all indicating stable values over time. Women initiating a first DMT were more likely than men to display a severe fatigue trajectory, relative to the no fatigue one. There was a strong association between fatigue and physical disability trajectories.ConclusionsIn this cohort of people with actively treated RRMS, self-reported fatigue remained stable or increased over the years following DMT start. There was a strong association between fatigue and disability after DMT start.
Cancer experience in metaphors: patients, carers, professionals, students – a scoping review
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Semino Elena , Rietjens Judith , Payne Sheila 
Published: May 2024

The use of metaphors to talk about cancer experiences has attracted much research and debate, especially in the case of military metaphors. However, questions remain about what metaphors are used by different populations for different aspects of the cancer experience. This scoping review aims to answer them.We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligible sources include peer-reviewed scientific research published in English between 2013 and 2023, investigating patterns of metaphor use from adult populations (age ≥18) for cancer-related topics, such as cancer itself, the general experience of being ill, treatment, and people and relationships.Out of 1929 articles identified, 30 met the criteria, spanning over different populations. While most papers focused on cancer in general, some focused on specific cancer types, such as breast cancer. Both spontaneous and elicited data were collected in ten languages: mostly English (N=12), Swedish (N=3) and Arabic (N=3). The identified metaphors were subsumed under various broad categories, including particularly violence and journey. Other categories include education and non-human animate entity for the cancer itself, confinement and deprivation and cleanliness for the general experience of being ill with cancer, Poison and gardening for cancer treatment, and distance for patients’ social relationships.It was found that metaphors help to identify how patients describe experiences of vulnerability and empowerment. To provide patient-centred care, clinicians and researchers should avoid blanket conclusions about helpful or unhelpful metaphors, but consider the ways in which different metaphors are used by different populations in different contexts.
Improved treatment of the T$$_2$$ molecular final-states uncertainties for the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement
Authors: Schneidewind S. , Schürmann J. , Lokhov A. , Weinheimer C. , Saenz A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective mass of the electron antineutrino via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$
β
-decay spectrum in its end-point region. The target neutrino-mass sensitivity of $${0.2}~\text {eV}/\text {c}^2$$

0.2

eV
/

c
2

at 90% CL can only be achieved in the case of high statistics and good control of the systematic uncertainties. One key systematic effect originates from the calculation of the molecular final states of T$$_2$$

2

$$\upbeta $$
β
decay. In the first neutrino-mass analyses of KATRIN the contribution of the uncertainty of the molecular final-states distribution (FSD) was estimated via a conservative phenomenological approach to be $$2 \times 10^{-2}~\text {eV}^{2}/\text {c}^{4}.$$

2
×

10

-
2

eV
2

/

c
4

.

In this work a new procedure is presented for estimating the FSD-related uncertainties by considering the details of the final-states calculation, i.e. the uncertainties of constants, parameters, and functions used in the calculation as well as its convergence itself as a function of the basis-set size used in expanding the molecular wave functions. The calculated uncertainties are directly propagated into the experimental observable, the squared neutrino mass $$m_\nu ^2,$$

m
ν
2

,

and thus have to be determined individually for each experimental configuration. For the experimental conditions of the first KATRIN measurement campaign the new procedure is presented in detail, allowing for the application of this procedure to other experiments. This specific calculation leads to a constraint of the FSD-related uncertainty of $$1.3 \times 10^{-3}~\text {eV}^{2}/\text {c}^{4},$$

1.3
×

10

-
3

eV
2

/

c
4

,

well below the design limit of $$7.5 \times 10^{-3}~\text {eV}^{2}/\text {c}^{4}$$

7.5
×

10

-
3

eV
2

/

c
4

for any individual systematic contribution.
Hadronic physics from a Wilson fermion mixed-action approach: charm quark mass and $$D_{(s)}$$ meson decay constants
Authors:   Alpha Collaboration, Bussone Andrea , Conigli Alessandro , Frison Julien , Herdoíza Gregorio , Pena Carlos , Preti David , Sáez Alejandro , Ugarrio Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present our first set of results for charm physics, using the mixed-action setup introduced in a companion paper [1]. Maximally twisted Wilson valence fermions are used on a sea of non-perturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson fermions, made up by CLS $$N_\mathrm {\scriptstyle f}=2+1$$

N

f

=
2
+
1

ensembles. Our charm-sector observables are free from $$O(am_c)$$

O
(
a

m
c

)

discretisation effects, without need of tuning any improvement coefficient, and show continuum-limit scaling properties consistent with leading cutoff effects of $$O(a^2)$$

O
(

a
2

)

. We consider a subset of CLS ensembles – including four values of the lattice spacing and pion masses down to 200 MeV – allowing to take the continuum limit and extrapolate to the physical pion mass. A number of techniques are incorporated in the analysis in order to estimate the systematic uncertainties of our results for the charm quark mass and the $$D_{(s)}$$

D

(
s
)

-meson decay constants. This first study of observables in the charm sector, where the emphasis has been on the control of the methodology, demonstrates the potential of our setup to achieve high-precision results.
Black hole no-hair theorem for self-gravitating time-dependent spherically symmetric multiple scalar fields
Authors: Yazadjiev Stoytcho S. , Doneva Daniela D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove under certain weak assumptions a black hole no-hair theorem in spherically symmetric spacetimes for self-gravitating time-dependent multiple scalar fields with an arbitrary target space admitting a Killing field with a non-empty axis and arbitrary non-negative potential invariant under the flow of the Killing field. It is shown that for such configurations the only spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black hole solutions consist of the Schwarzschild metric and a constant multi-scalar map. In due course of the proof we also unveil the intrinsic connection of the time-dependence of the scalar fields with the symmetries of the target space.
Multi-tracing the primordial Universe with future surveys
Authors: Kopana Mponeng , Jolicoeur Sheean , Maartens Roy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe fluctuations generated by Inflation are nearly Gaussian in the simplest models, but may be non-Gaussian in more complex models, potentially leading to signatures in the late Universe. In particular, local-type primordial non-Gaussianity induces scale-dependent bias in tracers of the matter distribution. This non-Gaussian imprint in the tracer power spectrum survives at late times on ultra-large scales where nonlinearity is negligible. In order to combat the problem of growing cosmic variance on these scales, we use a multi-tracer analysis that combines different tracers to maximise any primordial signal. Previous work has investigated the combination of a spectroscopic galaxy survey with a 21 cm intensity mapping survey in single-dish mode. We extend this work by considering instead the case where the 21 cm intensity mapping survey is optimised for interferometer mode. As examples, we use two multi-tracer pairs of surveys: one at high redshift ($$1\le z\le 2$$

1
≤
z
≤
2

) and one at very high redshift ($$2\le z\le 5$$

2
≤
z
≤
5

). The 21 cm surveys are idealised surveys based on HIRAX and PUMA. We implement foreground-avoidance filters and use detailed models of the interferometer thermal noise. The galaxy surveys are idealised surveys based on Euclid and MegaMapper. Via a simple Fisher forecast, we illustrate the potential of the multi-tracer. Our results show a $$\sim $$
∼
20–30% improvement in precision on local primordial non-Gaussianity from the multi-tracer. Furthermore, we investigate the effects on constraints of varying the parameter of non-Gaussian galaxy assembly bias and of varying the parameters of the intensity mapping foreground filters. We find that the non-Gaussian galaxy assembly bias parameter causes a greater change in the constraints on local primordial non-Gaussianity than the foreground filter parameters.