bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Surface Glycosylation in the Solid Phase: Improved Activity and Selectivity of Candida Antarctica Lipase B
Authors: Gutarra Melissa L. E. , Romero Oscar , Abian Olga , Torres Fernando A. G. , Freire Denise M. G. , Castro Aline M. , Guisan Jose M. , Palomo Jose M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTailor‐made oligosaccharides and polymers were investigated for a specific surface glycosylation of Candida antarctica lipase (fraction B) (CAL‐B) already immobilized on octyl‐Sepharose by interfacial activation. The chemical modification was performed in the N‐terminal amino acid enzyme residue by using low oxidized aldehyde–dextran polymers through a reductive amination. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) indicated that polymer/enzyme conjugates were obtained in all cases. Circular dichroism experiments revealed interesting conformational changes in secondary and tertiary structures of the protein after modification. The formed immobilized glycosylated lipase biocatalysts were more stable, active, and selective toward different substrates than unmodified CAL‐B. These immobilized conjugates were compared with a genetically glycosylated version of CAL‐B expressed in Pichia pastoris immobilized in the same way. Enzyme thermostability was improved after chemical modification with Dextran‐1500 and also by the genetic glycosylation, retaining 90–96 % activity after 24 h at 55 °C. The catalytic activity of CAL‐B was improved by the incorporation of dextran polymers (Mw=1500 or 6000) more than twofold in the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenylbutyrate and more than threefold in the hydrolysis of methyl mandelate at pH 7. However, the activity of the genetically glycosylated CAL‐B was threefold lower in the hydrolysis of both substrates. The enantioselectivity of CAL‐B increased for all formed bioconjugates, with the Dextran‐1500–CAL‐B conjugate being the most selective in the hydrolysis of racemic methyl mandelate (up to 88.1 % ee at pH 5). This glycosylated CAL‐B also demonstrated the highest synthetic activity in the transesterification of methyl butyrate with glycerol, with 80 % yield of monoglyceryl ester at 100 % conversion compared to 57 % yield obtained with unmodified CAL‐B or other polymer–lipase conjugates.
Oligo(p‐phenylene ethynylene)–BODIPY Derivatives: Synthesis, Energy Transfer, and Quantum‐Chemical Calculations
Authors: Yin Shouchun , Leen Volker , Jackers Carine , Beljonne David , Van Averbeke Bernard , Van der Auweraer Mark , Boens Noël , Dehaen Wim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and energy‐transfer properties of a series of oligo(p‐phenylene ethynylene)–BODIPY (OPEB) cassettes are reported. A series of oligo(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) with different conjugated chain lengths as energy donor subunit in the energy‐transfer system were capped at both ends with BODIPY chromophores as energy‐acceptor subunits. The effect of the conjugated chain of OPEs on energy transfer in the OPEB cassettes was investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and modeling. With increasing number n of phenyl acetylene units (n=1–7), the absorption and emission maxima of OPEn are bathochromically shifted. In the OPEBn analogues, the absorption maximum assigned to the BODIPY moieties is independent of the length of the OPE spacer. However, the relative absorption intensity of the BODIPY band decreases when the number of phenyl acetylene units is increased. The emission spectra of OPEBn are dominated by a band peaking at 613 nm, corresponding to emission of the BODIPY moieties, regardless of whether excitation is at 420 or 550 nm. Furthermore, a very small band is observed with a maximum between 450 and 500 nm, and its intensity relative to that of the BODIPY emission increases with increasing n, that is, the excited state of OPE subunits is efficiently quenched in OPEBn by energy transfer to the BODIPY moieties. Energy transfer (ET) from OPEn to BODIPY in OPEBn is very efficient (all ΦET values are greater than 98 %) and only slightly decreases with increasing length of the OPE units. These results are supported by theoretical studies that show very high energy transfer efficiency (ΦET>75 %) from the OPE spacer to the BODIPY end‐groups for chains with up to 15–20 units.
Analysis of incidence and clinical outcomes in patients with thromboembolic events and invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Epstein Andrew S. , Soff Gerald A. , Capanu Marinela , Crosbie Christopher , Shah Manish A. , Kelsen David P. , Denton Brian , Gardos Stuart , O'Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is among the most common malignancies associated with thromboembolic events (TEs); however, reported incidence figures vary significantly and contain small patient cohorts. Pancreatic cancer‐specific thrombosis studies examining the correlation between clinical variables, including thrombosis timing and the impact of thrombosis on survival, have not been reported.METHODS:Survival analyses were performed relating to the development and timing of a TE in 1915 patients administered chemotherapy at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center with invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009. TE timing, relative to clinical parameters including laboratory data, erythropoietin‐stimulating agent use, and body mass index (BMI), were also analyzed.RESULTS:A thrombosis was identified in 690 (36%) patients. After adjusting for patients with pancreatic surgery and thrombosis (n = 127), developing a TE significantly increased the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3‐2.8; P < .01). Patients with an early TE (within 1.5 months from pancreatic cancer diagnosis) had a significantly higher risk of death (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7‐2.5; P < .01) compared with patients with late TE or no TE. Erythropoietin‐stimulating agent use and an elevated international normalized ratio were associated with significantly shorter time to thrombosis. Low BMI was associated with significantly longer time to thrombosis.CONCLUSIONS:TEs are common in exocrine pancreatic cancer, with coagulopathy, erythropoietin‐stimulating agent use, and underweight BMI influencing thrombosis timing. TEs, particularly early ones, confer a significantly worse prognosis, suggesting a biological significance, underscoring the relevance of ongoing prophylaxis trials, and raising the question of whether early TEs should be considered a stratification factor for clinical trials. Cancer 2012;118: 3053–61. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Method of urban color plan based on spatial configuration
Authors: Gou Aiping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present Chinese urban color plan inclined to assume the way of Japanese, which is based on the theory of the Geography of Color founded by Lenclos. However, both my interview in 2004 and my urban color plan in 2006 show that the way of planning from color to color can hardly meet the requirement of the rapidly developing Chinese cities, and the authority should leave more creative space to the designers. Researching the color scheme of Kirchsteigfeld done by Werner Spillmann in 1994 was very enlightening. Findings of other researchers also helped me to set up a systematic planning method. Considering the complexity of color in urban space, the present way of planning simply by color combination is not sufficient. Spatial configuration is the core of color plan, and the authority should emphasize the color pivot and vision rank to encourage creativity in real design. This article discusses the systematic method of color planning when considering Chinese urban plan system, and with typological means. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
ProvManager: a provenance management system for scientific workflows
Authors: Marinho Anderson , Murta Leonardo , Werner Cláudia , Braganholo Vanessa , Cruz Sérgio Manuel Serra da , Ogasawara Eduardo , Mattoso Marta 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYRunning scientific workflows in distributed and heterogeneous environments has been a motivating approach for provenance management, which is loosely coupled to the workflow execution engine. This kind of approach is interesting because it allows both storage and access to provenance data in a homogeneous way, even in an environment where different workflow management systems work together. However, current approaches overload scientists with many ad hoc tasks, such as script adaptations and implementations of extra functionalities to provide provenance independence. This paper proposes ProvManager, a provenance management approach that eases the gathering, storage, and analysis of provenance information in a distributed and heterogeneous environment scenario, without putting the burden of adaptations on the scientist. ProvManager leverages the provenance management at the experiment level by integrating different workflow executions from multiple workflow management systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physics of a rapid CD4 lymphocyte count with colloidal gold
Authors: Hansen P. , Barry D. , Restell A. , Sylvia D. , Magnin O. , Dombkowski D. , Preffer F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe inherent surface charges and small diameters that confer colloidal stability to gold particle conjugates (immunogold) are detrimental to rapid cell surface labeling and distinct cluster definition in flow cytometric light scatter assays. Although the inherent immunogold surface charge prevents self aggregation when stored in liquid suspension, it also slows binding to cells to timeframes of hours and inhibits cell surface coverage. Although the small diameter of immunogold particles prevents settling when in liquid suspension, small particles have small light scattering cross sections and weak light scatter signals. We report a new, small particle lyophilized immunogold reagent that maintains activity after 42°C storage for a year and can be rapidly dissolved into stable liquid suspension for use in labelling cells with larger particle aggregates that have enhanced scattering cross section. Labeling requires less than 1 min at 20°C, which is ∼30 times faster than customary fluorescent antibody labeling. The labeling step involves neutralizing the surface charge of immunogold and creating specifically bound aggregates of gold on the cell surface. This process provides distinct side‐scatter cluster separation with blue laser light at 488 nm, which is further improved by using red laser light at 640 nm. Similar comparisons using LED light sources showed less improvement with red light, thereby indicating that coherent light scatter is of significance in enhancing side‐scatter cluster separation. The physical principles elucidated here for this technique are compatible with most flow cytometers; however, future studies of its clinical efficacy should be of primary interest in point‐of‐care applications where robust reagents and rapid results are important. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Analysis of nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling of the proto‐oncogene SET/I2PP2A
Authors: Daniel Lam B. , Anthony Eloise C. , Hordijk Peter L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSET/I2PP2A is a nuclear protein that was initially identified as an oncogene in human undifferentiated acute myeloid leukemia, fused to the nuclear porin Nup‐214. In addition, SET is a potent inhibitior of the phosphatase PP2A. Previously, we proposed a model in which the small GTPase Rac1 recruits SET from the nucleus to the plasma membrane to promote cell migration. This event represents an entirely novel concept in the field of cell migration. Now, fluorescent versions of the SET protein are generated to analyze its nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling in live cells. Our studies showed that under steady‐state conditions a fraction of the SET protein, which is primarily localized in the nucleus, translocates to the cytosol in an apparently random fashion. SET exiting the nucleus was also seen in spreading as well as dividing cells. We designed an image analysis method to quantify the frequency of nuclear exit of the SET proteins, based on 4D confocal imaging. This straightforward method was validated by analysis of SET wild‐type and mutant proteins. This showed that the frequency of nuclear exit of a Ser‐9 phosphomimetic mutant (S9E) is enhanced compared to wild‐type SET or a S9A mutant. Thus, we have developed a novel method to analyze the nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling of the proto‐oncogene SET dynamics in live cells. This method will also be applicable to monitor dynamic localization of other nuclear and/or cytoplasmic signaling proteins. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Astrocytic tissue remodeling by the meningitis neurotoxin pneumolysin facilitates pathogen tissue penetration and produces interstitial brain edema
Authors: Hupp Sabrina , Heimeroth Vera , Wippel Carolin , Förtsch Christina , Ma Jiangtao , Mitchell Timothy J. , Iliev Asparouh I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAstrocytes represent a major component of brain tissue and play a critical role in the proper functioning and protection of the brain. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of bacterial meningitis, has a high lethality and causes serious disabilities in survivors. Pneumolysin (PLY), a member of the cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin group and a major S. pneumoniae neurotoxin, causes deterioration over the course of experimental S. pneumoniae meningitis. At disease‐relevant sub‐lytic concentrations, PLY produces actin and tubulin reorganization and astrocyte cell shape changes in vitro. In this article, we show that sub‐lytic amounts of PLY remodel brain tissue and produce astrocytic process retraction, cortical astroglial reorganization and increased interstitial fluid retention, which is manifested as tissue edema. These changes caused increased tissue permeability to macromolecules and bacteria. The pore‐forming capacity of PLY remained necessary for these changes because none of the nonpore‐forming mutants were capable of producing similar effects. We suggest that PLY can increase the permeability of brain tissue toward pathogenic factors and bacteria in the course of meningitis, thus contributing to the deterioration caused by the disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of lifetime DSM‐IV affective disorders among older African Americans, Black Caribbeans, Latinos, Asians and Non‐Hispanic White people
Authors: Woodward Amanda Toler , Taylor Robert Joseph , Bullard Kai McKeever , Aranda Maria P. , Lincoln Karen D. , Chatters Linda M. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate lifetime prevalence of seven psychiatric affective disorders for older non‐Hispanic White people, African Americans, Caribbean Black people, Latinos, and Asian Americans and examine demographic, socioeconomic, and immigration correlates of those disorders.DesignData are taken from the older sub‐sample of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Selected measures of lifetime DSM‐IV psychiatric disorders were examined (i.e., panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia).SettingCommunity epidemiologic survey.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of adults 55 years and older (n = 3046).MeasurementsDisorders were assessed using the DSM‐IV World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsMajor depressive disorder and social phobia were the two most prevalent disorders among the seven psychiatric conditions. Overall, non‐Hispanic White people and Latinos consistently had higher prevalence rates of disorders, African Americans had lower prevalence of major depression and dysthymia, and Asian Americans were typically less likely to report affective disorders than those of their counterparts. There is variation across groups in the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and immigration variables with disorders.ConclusionsThis study furthers our understanding of the racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of DSM‐IV disorders among older adults and the correlates of those disorders. It highlights the importance of examining both between‐group and within‐group differences in disorders and the complexity of the mechanisms associated with differences across groups. Findings from this study underscore the need for future research that more clearly delineates subgroup differences and similarities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Pilot and Air Traffic Control Experiences and Automation Management Strategies on Unmanned Aircraft Systems Mission Task Performance
Authors: Liu Dahai , Reynolds Christopher , Vincenzi Dennis , Doherty Shawn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe demand for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) capabilities is rapidly increasing in the civilian sector. UAS operations, however, will not be carried out in the National Airspace System until safety concerns are alleviated. Among these concerns is determining the appropriate level of automation in conjunction with a suitable pilot who exhibits the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely operate these systems. This research examined two levels of automation: management by consent (MBC) and management by exception (MBE), in conjunction with pilot experiences while operating an unmanned aircraft simulator. The user experiences encompass three individual groups: pilots, air traffic controllers (ATC), and non‐pilot/non‐ATCs. Performance, workload, and situational awareness data were examined. Results show no significant differences among pilot experiences groups, automation strategies, or the interaction between these two. Limitations and design implications are discussed to help pave the way for future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of hydrological variables to climate change in the Haihe River basin, China
Authors: Bao Zhenxin , Zhang Jianyun , Liu Jiufu , Wang Guoqing , Yan Xiaolin , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Liru 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing the defined sensitivity index, the sensitivity of streamflow, evapotranspiration and soil moisture to climate change was investigated in four catchments in the Haihe River basin. Climate change contained three parts: annual precipitation and temperature change and the change of the percentage of precipitation in the flood season (Pf). With satisfying monthly streamflow simulation using the variable infiltration capacity model, the sensitivity was estimated by the change of simulated hydrological variables with hypothetical climatic scenarios and observed climatic data. The results indicated that (i) the sensitivity of streamflow would increase as precipitation or Pf increased but would decrease as temperature increased; (ii) the sensitivity of evapotranspiration and soil moisture would decrease as precipitation or temperature increased, but it to Pf varied in different catchments; and (iii) hydrological variables were more sensitive to precipitation, followed by Pf, and then temperature. The nonlinear response of streamflow, evapotranspiration and soil moisture to climate change could provide a reference for water resources planning and management under future climate change scenarios in the Haihe River basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Londhe Priya , Zhu Bo , Abraham Jinu , Keller Charles , Davie Judith 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are highly malignant pediatric sarcomas. We have discovered that the gene encoding the major histocompatibilty complex class II transactivator, CIITA, is silenced in cells representing both major subtypes of RMS. Silencing of CIITA prevents the IFN‐γ inducible expression of MHC class II genes in these cells. Overexpression of CIITA in these cells can restore MHC expression. We have found that IFN‐γ signaling is intact in these cells, but pSTAT1 and IRF1 do not bind to the CIITA PIV promoter. The CIITA promoter is not hypermethylated in RD (ERMS) cells but does show a modestly enhanced methylation status in SJRH30 (ARMS) cells. We have found that histone acetylation, which normally increases on the CIITA PIV promoter following IFN‐γ treatment, is blocked in both types of RMS cells. In RD cells, treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) reverses the silencing of CIITA. In SJRH30 cells, treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and TSA cooperatively restores CIITA expression. Surprisingly, we have also shown that the expression of two components of the immunoproteasome, which are embedded in the class II locus, is stimulated by IFN‐γ in certain RMS cells in the absence of stimulation by CIITA. CIITA overexpression can also activate the expression of these genes, indicating that the immunoproteasome genes LMP2 and LMP7 can be activated by both CIITA dependent and CIITA independent pathways.
Assessing the application of the neighborhood cohesion instrument to community research in East Asia
Authors: Li Chun‐Hao , Hsu Ping‐Hsiang , Hsu Shu‐Yao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBuckner (1988) extensively reviewed theoretical concepts proposed by a variety of scholars and developed the Neighborhood Cohesion Instrument (NCI) to measure three latent constructs (attraction to neighborhood, neighboring, and psychological sense of community). This instrument has been applied in most Western countries. The purpose of this research is to use Taiwan as a case study to assess whether the NCI can be applied to community research in an East Asian country. The authors apply confirmatory factor analysis to analyze two datasets collected in Taipei and the rural areas in Taiwan, separately. After scrutinizing the model fit indices and estimates of internal consistency, composite reliability and variance extracted, the authors conclude that the NCI can at least survey individuals in this particular East Asian country, Taiwan. By removing variables with small factor loadings and complex variables, researchers can develop a simplified model for further studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mental health problems and coping styles of urban and rural high school students in China
Authors: Zhang Hongjing , Chang Kyle , Zhang Fan , Greenberger Ellen , Chen Chuansheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFew studies have compared urban and rural adolescents' mental health problems, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health problems and coping styles of adolescents in urban and rural areas in China. A total of 927 urban and rural high school students in Shandong Province of China were recruited for the study. The results of the study are as follows: (a) students in rural low‐socioeconomic status (SES) areas, especially females, had more mental health problems than did those in rural high‐SES and urban areas; (b) rural low‐SES students were more likely to cope by venting and fantasizing than did the other two groups; (c) regardless of residence and SES, mental health problems were inversely related to the use of problem solving as a coping strategy, but positively related to fantasizing; and (d) urban‐rural differences in mental health problems were not entirely accounted for by group differences in coping strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.