bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging evidence of context-dependent synapse elimination by phagocytes in the CNS
Authors: Shen Fang-Shuai , Liu Cui , Sun Hui-Zhe , Chen Xin-Yi , Xue Yan , Chen Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Precise synapse elimination is essential for the establishment of a fully developed neural circuit during brain development and higher function in adult brain. Beyond immune and nutrition support, recent groundbreaking studies have revealed that phagocytic microglia and astrocytes can actively and selectively eliminate synapses in normal and diseased brains, thereby mediating synapse loss and maintaining circuit homeostasis. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the mechanisms of synapse elimination by phagocytic glia are not universal but rather depend on specific contexts and detailed neuron–glia interactions. The mechanism of synapse elimination by phagocytic glia is dependent on neuron-intrinsic factors and many innate immune and local apoptosis-related molecules. During development, microglial synapse engulfment in the visual thalamus is primarily influenced by the classic complement pathway, whereas in the barrel cortex, the fractalkine pathway is dominant. In Alzheimer's disease, microglia employ complement-dependent mechanisms for synapse engulfment in tauopathy and early β-amyloid pathology, but microglia are not involved in synapse loss at late β-amyloid stages. Phagocytic microglia also engulf synapses in a complement-dependent way in schizophrenia, anxiety, and stress. In addition, phagocytic astrocytes engulf synapses in a MEGF10-dependent way during visual development, memory, and stroke. Furthermore, the mechanism of a phenomenon that phagocytes selectively eliminate excitatory and inhibitory synapses is also emphasized in this review. We hypothesize that elucidating context-dependent synapse elimination by phagocytic microglia and astrocytes may reveal the molecular basis of synapse loss in neural disorders and provide a rationale for developing novel candidate therapies that target synapse loss and circuit homeostasis.
LINC01572 promotes the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by modulating p53 mediated by miRNA-338-5p/TTK axis
Authors: Liu Shilan , Liu Xiao , Yang Qinghui , Zeng Chunhua , Hu Gang , Ren Bochen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors that threaten human health seriously. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important factor affecting tumorigenesis and development. However, the mechanism of lncRNA in lung cancer progression remains to be further explored.

Methods
In this study, the TCGA database was analyzed, and LINC01572 was found to be increased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues. Thereafter, with the help of databases including lncBase, TargetScan, and mirDIP, as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, LINC01572/miRNA-338-5p/TTK regulatory axis and downstream p53 signaling pathway were excavated. qRT-PCR was adopted to detect levels of LINC01572, miRNA-338-5p, and TTK in LUAD cells. The role that LINC01572 played in LUAD cells was validated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, colony formation, Transwell, and scratch healing assays. The binding ability between LINC01572/TTK and miRNA-338-5p was then verified by dual-luciferase and RIP analysis.

Key findings
The results of this study demonstrated that LINC01572 was elevated in LUAD cells compared with normal cells. The overexpression of LINC01572 promoted the proliferative and migratory properties of LUAD cells but inhibited cell apoptosis. The inhibition of LINC01572 resulted in the opposite result. In addition, rescue experiments revealed that LINC01572, as a molecular sponge of miRNA-338-5p, targeted TTK to manipulate p53 for facilitating LUAD cell malignant progression. Apart from this, we constructed a mouse xenograft model and confirmed that the knockdown of LINC01572 hindered the growth of LUAD solid tumors in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings illuminated the molecular mechanism of LINC01572 influencing LUAD and provided new insights for targeted therapy of LUAD cells.
The Marssonina rosae effector MrSEP43 suppresses immunity in rose by targeting the orphan protein RcBROG
Authors: Yang Yi , Qi Yucen , Su Lin , Yang Shumin , Yi Xingwan , Luo Le , Yu Chao , Cheng Tangren , Wang Jia , Zhang Qixiang , Pan Huitang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rose black spot disease, caused by Marssonina rosae (syn. Diplocarpon rosae), is one of the most widespread diseases of field-grown roses worldwide. Pathogens have been found to interfere with or stimulate plant immune responses by secreting effectors. However, the molecular mechanism involved in inhibition of the rose immune response by M. rosae effectors remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the effector MrSEP43, which plays a pivotal role in promoting the virulence of M. rosae and enhancing rose susceptibility to infection by reducing callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and the expression of defense genes in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and split luciferase assays showed that MrSEP43 interacted with the rose orphan protein RcBROG. RcBROG, a positive regulator of defense against M. rosae, enhanced rose resistance by increasing callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and the expression of RcERF1 in the ethylene signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that the M. rosae virulence effector MrSEP43 specifically targets the orphan protein RcBROG to suppress the rose immune response to M. rosae. These results provide new insights into how M. rosae manipulates and successfully colonizes rose leaves, and are essential for preventing the breakdown of resistance to rose black spot disease.
Recent progress on the functionalization of white phosphorus in China
Authors: Huangfu Xinlei , Wang Zhongzhen , Chen Yu , Wei Junnian , Liu Wei , Zhang Wen-Xiong 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Direct synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from white phosphorus represents a significant but challenging subject, especially in the context of ongoing efforts to comprehensively improve the phosphorus-derived chemical industry driven by sustainability and safety concerns. China is the world's largest producer of white phosphorus, creating a significant demand for the green transformation of this crucial feedstock. This review provides an overview of advancements in white phosphorus activation by Chinese research teams, focusing on the direct construction of P‒C/N/O/S/M bonds from white phosphorus. Additionally, we offer some insights into prospective directions for the activation and transformation of white phosphorus in the future. This review paper aims to attract more researchers to engage in this area, stimulating follow-up exploration and fostering enduring advances.
Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis Among Patients With Commercial Health Insurance and Patients With Medicaid, United States, 2016–2022
Authors: Benedict Kaitlin , Smith Dallas J , Gold Jeremy A W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2 large health insurance claims databases, cryptococcosis prevalence was 3.4 cases per 100 000 commercially insured patients and 6.5 per 100 000 Medicaid patients. Prevalence was higher among males, non-Hispanic Black patients, and residents of the Southern United States, likely reflecting the disproportionate burden of HIV in these populations.
GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 7-mediated arbutin metabolism enhances rice salt tolerance
Authors: Chen Yunping , Dan Zhiwu , Li Shaoqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Salt stress is an environmental factor that limits plant growth and crop production. With the rapid expansion of salinized arable land worldwide, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the salt stress response in plants is urgently needed. Here, we report that GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 7 (OsGRF7) promotes salt tolerance by regulating arbutin (hydroquinone-β-D-glucopyranoside) metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa). Overexpression of OsGRF7 increased arbutin content, and exogenous arbutin application rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of OsGRF7 knockdown and knockout plants. OsGRF7 directly promoted the expression of the arbutin biosynthesis genes URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (OsUGT1) and OsUGT5, and knockout of OsUGT1 or OsUGT5 reduced rice arbutin content, salt tolerance, and grain size. Furthermore, OsGRF7 degradation through its interaction with F-BOX AND OTHER DOMAINS CONTAINING PROTEIN 13 reduced rice salinity tolerance and grain size. These findings highlight an underexplored role of OsGRF7 in modulating rice arbutin metabolism, salt stress response, and grain size, as well as its broad potential use in rice breeding.
Theory of Majorana Zero Modes in Unconventional Superconductors
Authors: Tanaka Yukio , Tamura Shun , Cayao Jorge 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Majorana fermions are spin-1/2 neutral particles that are their own antiparticles; they were initially predicted by Ettore Majorana in particle physics but their observation still remains elusive. The concept of Majorana fermions has been borrowed by condensed matter physics, where, unlike particle physics, Majorana fermions emerge as zero-energy quasiparticles that can be engineered by combining electrons and holes and have therefore been called Majorana zero modes. In this review, we provide a pedagogical explanation of the basic properties of Majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors and their consequences in experimental observables, putting a special emphasis on the initial theoretical discoveries. In particular, we first show that Majorana zero modes are self-conjugated and emerge as a special type of zero-energy surface Andreev bound states at the boundary of unconventional superconductors. We then explore Majorana zero modes in 1D spin-polarized p-wave superconductors, where we address the formation of topological superconductivity and the physical realization in superconductor–semiconductor hybrids. In this part we highlight that Majorana quasiparticles appear as zero-energy edge states, exhibiting charge neutrality, spin-polarization, and spatial nonlocality as unique properties that can already be seen from their energies and wavefunctions. Next, we discuss the analytically obtained Green’s functions of p-wave superconductors and demonstrate that the emergence of Majorana zero modes is always accompanied by the formation of odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing as a unique result of the self-conjugate nature of Majorana zero modes. We finally address the signatures of Majorana zero modes in tunneling spectroscopy, including the anomalous proximity effect, and the phase-biased Josephson effect.
Publications in Plastic Surgery and Reconstruction: A Review from a Developing Country, Sudan
Authors: Bakhiet Mohammed Yousof , Alshareef Alshareef Mohamed , Abuelnour Aimen Elsheikh Khalil , Asiri Mohammed Nasser , Alzahrani Rayan Abdullah J. , Alghamdi Saja Mohammed S. , Murdhi A. Alzahrani Rayan , Alghamdi Hanin Ayed M. , Gismalla Mohamed Daffalla-Awadalla 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Plastic and reconstructive surgery services need to be improved in developing African countries. Research and article publications from those countries are limited. This review was conducted to identify published articles from Sudan in the area of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods:
This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were used for the preparation of this systematic review. A comprehensive systematic search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Articles published in Sudan, specifically in the area of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and written in English were included in this review.

Results:
The total number of articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was 23. The articles were written from 1969 to 2023. Only two articles were published in the 20th century. The most common study type was a retrospective study of eight articles, and the most common study area was Khartoum Teaching Hospital. Regarding the publishing journals, the number of subscription journals was six (30%), whereas open access was 17 (70%).

Conclusion:
This review demonstrates the lack of articles published on plastic surgery in Sudan. Further investigation is needed to determine the challenges and problems associated with possible clarifications.
Surgical options and clinical outcomes for high myopia
Authors: Abing Ashley A. , Oh Alyce , Ong Lauren F. , Marvasti Amir H. , Tran Dan B. , Lee Jimmy K. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Higher degrees of myopia are currently being treated with refractive surgery. However, there is limited characterization and outcomes data for this cohort. This article aims to review the literature on highly myopic patients who had refractive surgery and present a retrospective analysis of 149 patients (270 eyes) with high to extreme myopia (≤−5.0D SE) who underwent refractive surgery [laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), or implantable collamer lense (ICL)] at a single practice.

Recent findings
There is substantial literature on the efficacy of LASIK, PRK, and phakic intraocular lenses for refractive error correction, but a dearth of studies on patients with high to extreme myopia undergoing different types of refractive surgery. Our study reveals that this cohort of patients has excellent outcomes with minimal complications.

Summary
Our study reveals that the average preoperative myopia was highest in ICL patients (−10.03D), followed by PRK (−7.21D), and LASIK (−7.04D) patients. Not surprisingly, eyes with high myopia and thin corneas were offered and elected ICLs for their procedure. Highly myopic patients achieved outcomes consistent with data reported in the literature- average postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 for LASIK and ICL eyes and 20/25 for PRK eyes.
Treatment Outcomes Comparing the Paul and Baerveldt Glaucoma Implants After One Year of Follow-Up
Authors: Berteloot Sophie , Correia Barão Rafael , Abegão Pinto Luís , Vandewalle Evelien , Stalmans Ingeborg , Lemmens Sophie 
Published: May 2024

Précis:
In reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), Paul (PGI) and Baerveldt (BGI) glaucoma implants are safe and effective in patients with glaucoma.

Objective:
To compare efficacy and safety profiles of the PGI and BGI in the treatment of medically uncontrolled glaucoma at 1 year of follow-up.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of patients implanted with a PGI or BGI with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome was surgical success defined as IOP ≥6 and ≤18 mm Hg and at least 20% IOP reduction from baseline. Secondary outcomes included IOP measurements, number of medications, and complications.

Results:
Twenty-three patients implanted with PGI and 27 with BGI were included. At last visit (12 mo), mean IOP had decreased from 23.7 ± 6.9 to 0.1 ± 2.9 mm Hg in the PGI group versus 26 ± 7.3 to 10.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg with the BGI (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Overall qualified success rates were similar between groups (PGI 91% vs BGI 89%, P = 0.784). IOP was significantly lower in the PGI at week 1 and month 1 of follow-up versus the BGI (13.6 ± 6.1 vs 20.1 ± 7.4; 14.6±3.8 vs 21.2 ± 5.8 mm Hg; P < 0.002 for both) with a lower number of medications (1.57 ± 1.47 vs 2.52 ± 1.16 at mo 1, P = 0.015). Most complications were minor and similar in both groups.

Conclusion:
Both PGI and BGI are safe and effective in reducing IOP in patients with glaucoma, with similar success rates.
Effectiveness of early palliative care in patients with head and neck cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tzu-Chun , Wang Shih-Hao , Ho Cho-Ming , Lin Hwan-Chung , Tung Chun-Liang , Chang Chih-Chia , Tsai Ching-Fang , Chen Tsung-Hsien , Fang Yi-Chun , Lin Wei-Ting , Lee Yu-Ting , Chang Yu-Sung , Lee Ming-Yang 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Early palliative care (EPC) benefits some cancers, but its clinical outcomes differ depending on patients’ racial and ethnic disparities, and customs. To determine whether EPC improves symptoms, emotional distress, and quality of life among Taiwanese patients with early or advanced-stage head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods:
Based on participants’ pathological stages, they were categorized as having early and advanced-stage HNC. Those willing and unwilling to undergo EPC were assigned to the EPC and standard groups, respectively. Their daily cancer-related symptoms were assessed using the Distress Thermometer (DT) and MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), whose scores’ concurrent validity was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Core Quality of Life (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and Head and Neck 35 (EORTC-QLQ-H&N35) questionnaires.

Results:
Patients (n = 93) diagnosed with HNC at Taiwan’s Chia-Yi Christian Hospital from November 2020 to October 2022 were recruited. The patients voluntarily split into two groups: EPC groups and standard groups (23 and 11 in early-stage; 46 and 13 in advanced-stage, respectively). DT assessment showed significant emotional distress improvements for all patients with HNC who received EPC. The EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire indicated that, compared to standard interventions, EPC groups significantly improved the quality of life and some symptoms for both early and advanced-stage HNC patients. However, the EORTC-QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire found no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, advanced-stage patients’ anticancer treatment completion rates with EPC and standard interventions were 95.35% and 75%, respectively.

Conclusion:
EPC improves symptoms, emotional distress, quality of life, and treatment completion rates in Taiwanese patients with early or advanced-stage HNC. Nonetheless, further extensive clinical studies are required for validation.
Oil and Gas Extraction Industry Workers’ Compensation Claims and Proposed Safety Interventions
Authors: Alexander Barbara M. , Ramirez-Cardenas Alejandra , Wurzelbacher Steven J. , Meyers Alysha R. , Naber Steven J. 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study analyzed Ohio workers’ compensation data to identify potential prevention strategies for common oil and gas extraction industry claims.

Methods
Claim rates for 2001–2018 were calculated per full-time equivalent employee. Descriptive analyses on free-text descriptions of lost-time (LT) claims (>7 days away from work) identified common characteristics among claims and injured workers.

Results
Among 3134 claims, 860 (27%) were LT. The industry group, drilling contractors, experienced the highest LT claims rate, whereas the cost from servicing contractors was the highest. Contact with objects and equipment caused the highest LT claims rate. The most frequent LT occupation was roustabout, and the most frequent LT work activity was material handling. Transportation incidents caused most fatalities and hospitalizations. Over half of LT claims were from short-tenured workers.

Conclusions
Both proven and innovative approaches are needed to reduce severe workers’ compensation claims in this industry.
Timing of stroke survivors' hospital readmissions to guide APRNs in primary care
Authors: Connolly Teresa , Paxton Kim , McNair Bryan 
Published: May 2024

Background:Caring for patients after a neurovascular incident is common for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Most neurological readmission studies focus on a small subset of neurovascular incident groups, but advanced practice nurses in primary care attend to a diverse neurovascular population and lack time to adequately search hospital records.Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine readmission risk factors after a neurovascular incident to guide APRNs in the primary care setting.Methodology:The study is a retrospective observational study that used a crude single predictor model to determine potential risks for readmission.Results:A total of 876 neurovascular participants were studied. Of these, only 317 experienced at least one hospital readmission, with 703 readmissions within 1 year, indicating some were readmitted more than once. Risks for readmission varied across neurovascular events. The main reasons for readmission were because of neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal complications.Conclusions:Stroke readmission rates are high and require intervention by APRNs. To prevent readmission includes timely follow-up within 30 days and should also include longitudinal follow-up beyond 90 days to prevent hospital readmission.Implications:Future studies are needed to create guidelines for APRNs that implement rehabilitation strategies to decrease hospital readmission for the neurovascular population that focus on interdisciplinary communication.
Defining oligometastatic state in uro-oncological cancers
Authors: Fazekas Tamás , Miszczyk Marcin , Matsukawa Akihiro , Nyirády Péter , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Pawel 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Oligometastatic tumors illustrate a distinct state between localized and systematic disease and might harbor unique biologic features. Moreover, these tumors represent a different clinical entity, with a potential of long-term disease control or even cure, therefore they receive growing attention in the field of urologic oncology.

Recent findings
Currently, there is no consensus on the definition of oligometastatic prostate cancer, most experts limit it to a maximum of three to five lesions and involvement of no more than two organs, excluding visceral metastases. Quality data on oligometastatic bladder cancer is scarce, however, a consensus of experts defined it as a maximum of three metastatic lesions, either resectable or suitable for stereotactic therapy, without restrictions to the number of organs involved. As for kidney cancer, a maximum number of five metastases, without limitations to the location are defined as oligometastatic, with an important implication of timing of developing metastases since diagnosis of the primary tumor.

Summary
Defining oligometastatic state among urological tumors reflecting their distinct biological and clinical behavior is crucial to establish a sound framework for future clinical trials, and to facilitate guideline and policy formulation for improved patient care. Advancements in molecular imaging are expected to transform the field of oligometastatic urologic tumors in the future.
How Do Mental Disorders and Combinations of Disorders Affect the Odds of Injuries and Poisoning?
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Ashton McKay K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Injuries and poisoning are associated with mental disorders. The association may be stronger if comorbid mental illness is involved. This study explores whether selected mental disorders (stress, anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], bipolar, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], schizophrenia) are associated with injuries and poisoning and if the presence and frequency of comorbid mental illness affect these associations. Analyses utilize medical claims data for adult employees of a large corporation during 2017–2021. Approximately half or more of the index mental disorders experience comorbid mental illness. Odds of injury and poisoning are significantly greater for each mental disorder and tend to be significantly greater when comorbid mental illness exists (vs. the mental disorder alone), especially for the associations involving poisoning. Schizophrenia alone and in combination with other mental illness has the strongest associations with injury and poisoning. OCD is only associated with injury and poisoning, and ADHD is only associated with poisoning, if accompanied by comorbid mental illness.