bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of reciprocal adhesion genes in pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Pseudomonas
Authors: Duque Estrella , de la Torre Jesús , Bernal Patricia , Molina‐Henares M. Antonia , Alaminos Miguel , Espinosa‐Urgel Manuel , Roca Amalia , Fernández Matilde , de Bentzmann Sophie , Ramos Juan‐Luis 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe used a combination of in silico and large‐scale mutagenesis approaches to expand our current knowledge of the genetic determinants used by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to attach to surfaces. We first identified in silico orthologues that have been annotated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potentially involved in attachment. In this search 67 paired‐related genes of P. putida KT2440 and P. aeruginosa were identified as associated to adhesion. To test the potential role of the corresponding gene products in adhesion, 37 knockout mutants of KT2440, available in the Pseudomonas Reference Culture Collection, were analysed with regard to their ability to form biofilms in polystyrene microtitre plates; of these, six mutants were deficient in adhesion. Since mutants in all potential adhesion genes were not available, we generated a genome‐wide collection of mutants made of 7684 independent mini‐Tn5 insertions and tested them for the formation of biofilm on polystyrene microtitre plates. Eighteen clones that exhibited a reduction of at least twofold in biofilm biomass formation were considered candidate mutants in adhesion determinants. DNA sequencing of the insertion site identified five other new genes involved in adhesion. Phenotypic characterization of the mutants showed that 11 of the inactivated proteins were required for attachment to biotic surfaces too. This combined approach allowed us to identify new proteins with a role in P. putida adhesion, including the global regulator RpoN and GacS, PstS that corresponds to one of the paired‐related genes for which a mutant was not available in the mutant collection, and a protein of unknown function (PP1633). The remaining mutants corresponded to functions known or predicted to participate in adhesion based on previous evidence, such as the large adhesion proteins LapA, LapF and flagellar proteins. In silico analysis showed this set of genes to be well conserved in all sequenced P. putida strains, and that at least eight reciprocal genes involved in attachment are shared by P. putida and P. aeruginosa.
Acne sans P. acnes
Authors: Shaheen B. , Gonzalez M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a common disease that carries an enormous financial and psychosocial impact. Androgens, excessive sebum production, ductal hypercornification, changes in the microbial flora, as well as inflammation and immunological host reactions are considered the major contributors to acne pathogenesis. Despite extensive research on acne pathogenesis, the exact sequence of events and their possible mechanisms leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflamed lesion has remained unclear.There is a significant amount of in vitro evidence suggesting a possible pathogenetic role for Propionibacterium acnes in comedogenesis as well as inflammation in inflammatory acne. However, the microbiological data from non‐inflamed as well as inflamed acne lesions, cultured individually, do not entirely support the hypothesis that these micro‐organisms are actually responsible for their initiation. There appears to be comedones and inflamed lesions in which there is no clear evidence of Propionibacterium acnes involvement. Considering this microbiological data, alongside the in vitro evidence, we have tried to delineate the possible sequence of events and their mechanisms, leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflamed lesion. Based on the available literature we have analysed the evidence of both non‐inflamed as well as inflamed acne lesions occurring in the absence of Propionibacterium acnes from the pilosebaceous follicles. We propose that the development of an inflamed acne lesion depends on an imbalance between the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory pathways rather than the incitement of inflammation by Propionibacterium acnes.
Influence of Some Psychosocial Factors on Mobbing and its Consequences Among Employees Working with People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Figueiredo‐Ferraz Hugo , Gil‐Monte Pedro R. , Grau‐Alberola Ester , Llorca‐Pellicer Marta , García‐Juesas Juan A. 
Published: March 2012

Background  The problem of mobbing has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years. This concern has increased the study of the phenomena, which has resulted in many scientific publications. Mobbing has been characterized as an emerging risk at work. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of some psychosocial factors at work – role clarity, interpersonal conflicts and social support – on mobbing and its consequences – that is, inclination towards absenteeism and psychosomatic disorders.Materials and methods  The sample included 422 employees working with people with intellectual disabilities. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses.Results  The Hypothesized model showed an adequate fit to data, and all hypothesized relationships were significant.Conclusions  The results of this study provide support for the mediator role of mobbing in the relationship between high role ambiguity, low social support and high interpersonal conflicts and psychosomatic disorders and inclination towards absenteeism.
The generation of vertebral segmental patterning in the chick embryo
Authors: Senthinathan Biruntha , Sousa Cátia , Tannahill David , Keynes Roger 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe have carried out a series of experimental manipulations in the chick embryo to assess whether the notochord, neural tube and spinal nerves influence segmental patterning of the vertebral column. Using Pax1 expression in the somite‐derived sclerotomes as a marker for segmentation of the developing intervertebral disc, our results exclude such an influence. In contrast to certain teleost species, where the notochord has been shown to generate segmentation of the vertebral bodies (chordacentra), these experiments indicate that segmental patterning of the avian vertebral column arises autonomously in the somite mesoderm. We suggest that in amniotes, the subdivision of each sclerotome into non‐miscible anterior and posterior halves plays a critical role in establishing vertebral segmentation, and in maintaining left/right alignment of the developing vertebral elements at the body midline.
A computerized tomography study of the morphological interrelationship between the temporal bones and the craniofacial complex
Authors: Costa Helder Nunes , Slavicek Rudolf , Sato Sadao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe hypothesis that the temporal bones are at the center of the dynamics of the craniofacial complex, directly influencing facial morphology, has been put forward long ago. This study examines the role of the spatial positioning of temporal bones (frontal and sagittal inclination) in terms of influencing overall facial morphology. Several 3D linear, angular and orthogonal measurements obtained through computerized analysis of virtual models of 163 modern human skulls reconstructed from cone‐beam computed tomography images were analyzed and correlated. Additionally, the sample was divided into two subgroups based on the median value of temporal bone sagittal inclination [anterior rotation group (n = 82); posterior rotation group (n = 81)], and differences between groups evaluated. Correlation coefficients showed that sagittal inclination of the temporal bone was significantly (P < 0.01) related to midline flexion, transversal width and anterior–posterior length of the basicranium, to the anterior–posterior positioning of the mandible and maxilla, and posterior midfacial height. Frontal inclination of the temporal bone was significantly related (P < 0.01) to basicranium anterior–posterior and transversal dimensions, and to posterior midfacial height. In comparison with the posterior rotation group, the anterior rotation group presented a less flexed and anterior–posteriorly longer cranial base, a narrower skull, porion and the articular eminence located more superiorly and posteriorly, a shorter posterior midfacial height, the palatal plane rotated clockwise, a more retrognathic maxilla and mandible, and the upper posterior occlusal plane more inclined and posteriorly located. The results suggest that differences in craniofacial morphology are highly integrated with differences in the positional relationship of the temporal bones. The sagittal inclination of the temporal bone seems to have a greater impact on the 3D morphology of the craniofacial complex than frontal inclination.
Alterations in intermediate filaments expression in disc cells from the rat temporomandibular joint following exposure to continuous compressive force
Authors: Magara Jin , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Suzuki Akiko , Kawano Yoshiro , Ono Kazuhiro , Nomura Shuichi , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe articular disc in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) that serves in load relief and stabilizing in jaw movements is a dense collagenous tissue consisting of extracellular matrices and disc cells. The various morphological configurations of the disc cells have given us diverse names, such as fibroblasts, chondrocyte‐like cells and fibrochondrocytes; however, the characteristics of these cells have remained to be elucidated in detail. The disc cells have been reported to exhibit heterogeneous immunoreaction patterns for intermediate filaments including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin and vimentin in the adult rat TMJ. Because these intermediate filaments accumulate in the disc cells as tooth eruption proceeds during postnatal development, it might be surmised that the expression of these intermediate filaments in the disc cells closely relates to mechanical stress. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the effect of a continuous compressive force on the immunoexpression of these intermediate filaments and an additional intermediate filament – muscle‐specific desmin – in the disc cells of the TMJ disc using a rat experimental model. The rats wore an appliance that exerts a continuous compressive load on the TMJ. The experimental period with the appliance was 5 days as determined by previous studies, after which some experimental animals were allowed to survive another 5 days after removal of the appliance. Histological observations demonstrated that the compressive force provoked a remarkable acellular region and a decrease in the thickness of the condylar cartilage of the mandible, and a sparse collagen fiber distribution in the articular disc. The articular disc showed a significant increase in the number of desmin‐positive cells as compared with the controls. In contrast, immunopositive cells for GFAP, nestin and vimentin remained unchanged in number as well as intensity. At 5 days after removal of the appliance, both the disc and cartilage exhibited immunohistological and histological features in a recovery process. These findings indicate that the mature articular cells are capable of producing desmin instead of the other intermediate filaments against mechanical stress. The desmin‐positive disc cells lacked α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in this study, even though desmin usually co‐exists with α‐SMA in the vascular smooth muscle cells or pericytes. Because the precursor of a pericyte has such an immunoexpression pattern during angiogenesis, there is a further possibility that the formation of new vessels commenced in response to the extraordinary compressive force.
Screening for autism in extremely preterm infants: problems in interpretation
Authors: MOORE TAMANNA , JOHNSON SAMANTHA , HENNESSY ENID , MARLOW NEIL 
Published: March 2012

Aim  The aim of this article was to report the prevalence of, and risk factors for, positive autism screens using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) in children born extremely preterm in England.Method  All children born at not more than 26 weeks' gestational age in England during 2006 were recruited to the EPICure‐2 study. At 2 years of age, postal questionnaires incorporating the M‐CHAT and additional developmental questions were sent to the parents of each survivor (n=1031; 499 male, 532 female), of which 523 (266 male, 257 female; 51%) were returned completed.Results  The prevalence of positive M‐CHAT screens in this extremely preterm population was 41% (216/523; 130 male; 86 female). Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, administration of postnatal steroids, late‐onset bacteraemia, and being male were statistically significantly associated with a positive screen. Coexisting disabilities were present in 320 (62%) children. Of 200 children without disability, 16.5% screened positive. In contrast, 63 (95.5%) of those with severe motor impairment (odds ratio 42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9–135) and 175 (55.9%) of those with cognitive impairment (odds ratio 5.3; CI 3.5–8) screened positive. All children with a significant vision or hearing impairment screened positive.Interpretation  The prevalence of positive M‐CHAT screens in extremely preterm children is high, especially in children with neurodevelopmental impairment. Positive screens should be interpreted in the light of other neurodevelopmental sequelae in clinical practice to avoid false‐positive referrals.
Characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in the ORACLE children study
Authors: MARLOW NEIL , PIKE KATIE , BOWER EVA , BROCKLEHURST PETER , JONES DAVID , KENYON SARA , KURINCZUK JENNIFER J , TAYLOR DAVID , SALT ALISON 
Published: March 2012

Aims  We have identified an excess of children with cerebral palsy (CP) born to women who received antibiotic treatment for spontaneous preterm labour (SPL). This nested study investigated the profile of impairment among children with CP in the ORACLE Children Study (OCS), and contrasted outcomes with those in 4Child, a population CP registry.Method  The study group comprised 167 children aged from 7 to 10 years (100 males, 67 females) with CP from the OCS, who were subdivided into a preterm rupture of membranes (PROM) group (87 children) and an SPL group (80 children). The OCS sought follow‐up information regarding the health and behaviour of surviving children at 7 years of age in the UK using a parent‐report postal questionnaire. Families provided further information to define wider aspects of function and were offered a physiotherapy assessment.Results  The prevalence of CP was higher among children in the OCS than among those in 4Child (standardized morbidity ratios: SPL group, 3.12 [95% confidence interval CI 2.47–3.87); PROM group: 1.56 (CI 1.24–1.92)]. The proportion of children with CP born after 32 weeks of gestation was higher in in the SPL group (73%) than in the PROM group (30%); the prevalence of CP was higher in the SPL group than in the PROM group or 4Child. Children with CP in the OCS tended to have similar distributions of neuroimpairment as children in 4Child, but motor impairment and associated vision and hearing problems were found to be less severe.Interpretation  The pattern of CP in both the PROM and the SPL groups was similar, but functional outcomes were milder, compared with children with CP in the general population. However, in these groups the risk of CP was increased independently of gestational age. This is consistent with findings that ongoing inflammatory damage can cause CP.
One new and one newly recorded species of the genus Amraica Moore, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from China, with diagnoses of the Chinese species
Authors: JIANG Nan , SATO Rikio , HAN Hongxiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe genus AmraicaMoore, 1888 in China is reviewed. In addition to the four species and three subspecies already known, one new species, A. prolata sp. nov. is described and one newly recorded species, A. ferrolavata (Walker, 1863 (imprint 1862)) is redescribed. The generic characters, based on all species, are summarized. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are presented.
Fibroblast adhesion and activation onto micro‐machined titanium surfaces
Authors: Guillem‐Marti J. , Delgado L. , Godoy‐Gallardo M. , Pegueroles M. , Herrero M. , Gil F. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesSurface modifications performed at the neck of dental implants, in the manner of micro‐grooved surfaces, can reduce fibrous tissue encapsulation and prevent bacterial colonization, thereby improving fibrointegration and the formation of a biological seal. However, the applied procedures are technically complex and/or time consuming methods. The aim of this study was to analyse the fibroblast behaviour on modified titanium surfaces obtained, applying a simple and low‐cost method.Material and methodsAn array of titanium surfaces was obtained using a commercial computerized numerical control lathe, modifying the feed rate and the cutting depth. To elucidate the potential ability of the generated surfaces to activate connective tissue cells, a thorough gene (by real time – qPCR) and protein (by western blot or zymography) expression and cellular response characterization (cell morphology, cell adhesion and cell activation by secreting extracellular matrix (ECM) components and their enzyme regulators) was performed.ResultsMicro‐grooved surfaces have statistically significant differences in the groove's width (approximately 10, 50 and 100 μm) depending on the applied advancing fixed speed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that fibroblasts oriented along the generated grooves, but they were only entirely accommodated on the wider grooves (≥50 μm). Micro‐grooved surfaces exhibited an earlier cell attachment and activation, as seen by collagen Iα1 and fibronectin deposition and activation of ECM remodelling enzymes, compared with the other surfaces. However, fibroblasts could remain in an activated state on narrower surfaces (<50 μm) at later stages.ConclusionsThe use of micro‐grooved surfaces could improve implant integration at the gingival site with respect to polished surfaces. Micro‐grooved surfaces enhance early fibroblast adhesion and activation, which could be critical for the formation of a biological seal and finally promote tissue integration. Surfaces with wider grooves (≥50 μm) seem to be more appropriate than surfaces with narrow grooves (<50 μm), as fibroblasts could persist in an activated state on narrower grooved surfaces, increasing the probability of producing a fibrotic response.
Micro‐CT observation of angiogenesis in bone regeneration
Authors: Udagawa Asami , Sato Shuichi , Hasuike Akira , Kishida Mamoru , Arai Yoshinori , Ito Koichi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesRestoration of an adequate blood supply is essential for the bone healing process and is key to the success of bone augmentation procedures. In this study, we evaluated angiogenesis in rat calvarial flat bone defects using in vivo microfocus computed tomography (micro‐CT).Materials and methodsTwenty rats were used. The calvarium was exposed and calvarial bone defects of critical (5‐mm diameter) and non‐critical (2.7‐mm diameter) sizes were prepared. Bone regeneration and angiogenesis were evaluated by image analysis using micro‐CT and histological examination.ResultsCritical‐ and non‐critical‐sized calvarial bone defects showed bone regeneration and angiogenesis around the midsagittal suture. Critical‐sized calvarial bone defects showed approximately 1.2% reossification of the original surgical defect, whereas the non‐critical‐sized defects showed approximately 43.3% reossification at day 28. Furthermore, angiogenesis was observed later in the critical‐sized calvarial bone defects (about 38.2%), whereas angiogenesis was observed early in the non‐critical‐sized calvarial bone defects (about 75.5%) at day 28. New blood vessel networks were observed around defects of both sizes.ConclusionsAngiogenesis preceded bone regeneration around critical‐ and non‐critical‐sized calvarial bone defects. Angiogenesis led to full bone formation in non‐critical‐sized defects.
Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease: oral systemic link still on the rise?
Authors: Uppoor Ashita S. , Lohi Hima S. , Nayak Dilip 
Published: March 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00660.x

Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease: Oral systemic link still on the rise?
Over the past few years, there has been a rapid rise in the older segments of the world population, which has brought along with it a major health concern: dementia. Alzheimer’s disease, considered to be the most common cause of dementia, has become a prospect feared by the elderly. Inflammation of the brain is strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease which could be enhanced by systemic inflammation. Periodontitis being a chronic inflammatory condition, which can cause systemic inflammation, the question is whether chronic periodontitis can initiate or hasten the rate of progression of Alzheimer’s disease in susceptible individuals. In this article, the authors outline the proposed oral systemic link between periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease.
Initial development and testing of a questionnaire of parental self‐efficacy for enacting healthy lifestyles in their children
Authors: Decker Jonathan W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a questionnaire to assess parental self‐efficacy for enacting healthy diet and physical activity behaviors in their 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children.Design and Methods. A 35‐item questionnaire was developed and tested with 146 U.S. parents.Results. Participant responses resulted in a 34‐item questionnaire with two subscales (dietary behaviors and physical activity behaviors), which were valid and reliable in the study sample.Practice Implications. This new measure will serve as a tool for the assessment of parental self‐efficacy for enacting healthy lifestyles in their children 6–11 years old.
An exploration of pediatric nurses' compliance with a medication checking and administration protocol
Authors: Gill Fenella , Corkish Victoria , Robertson Jeanette , Samson Janet , Simmons Brenda , Stewart Dianne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose.  This study examined nurses' reported compliance with the medication administration protocol and explored reasons for noncompliance.Design and Method.  A mixed‐methods design incorporated a questionnaire (n= 72) and focus groups (n= 24).Results.  Differences were found between the level of experience and protocol compliance. Noncompliance was widespread in the checking of identification bands and double‐checking medications. Key factors influencing compliance were ward culture, type of drug, familiarity with patient and drug, and workload. The reported realities of practice were found to influence compliance with the medication administration protocol.Practice Implications.  The discrepancies between protocol and practice in this setting underscore the need to more widely investigate compliance with medication administration protocols in other settings.
The role of demand information and monitoring in tacit collusion
Authors: Rojas Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMotivated by the Green and Porter (1984) and Rotemberg and Saloner (1986) models, we construct lab experiments to test the effects of two factors on collusion: information (regarding next period's demand state) and monitoring (of a rival's past action). Results indicate that information may facilitate collusion more than monitoring, especially as subjects gain experience. A robust finding is that subjects in the Rotemberg and Saloner treatment cooperate as predicted by this theory: collusion falls dramatically in anticipation of unusually large demand and returns to high levels otherwise. These results suggest that tacit and fairly elaborate collusion could arise in stochastic environments.