bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health midwives perceived barriers to identify intimate partner violence (IPV) and their identification of IPV victims in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayatilleke A C , Poudel K C , Fernando N , Yasuoka J , Jayatilleke A U , Jimba M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesWe assessed the association between public health midwives perceived barriers to identify intimate partner violence (IPV) and their identification of IPV victims in Sri Lanka.MethodsWe carried out a community-based cross-sectional study in the Kandy district, Sri Lanka between August and September 2009. Participants were all the public health midwives in the Kandy district (n=425). We collected data on midwives identification of IPV victims during the past 3 months, and their agreement to six possible barriers for the identification of IPV. We analysed data using the multivariate logistic regression analysis; we adjusted the six barriers for midwives work duration, education and marital status.ResultsOf the 425 midwives, 48 (11.3%) reported that they did not identify any IPV victim during the past 3 months. Midwives were less likely to identify IPV victims if they agreed that I don't have adequate knowledge to detect or help IPV victims (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.30, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.73), or I don't feel that I can help an IPV victim (AOR=0.17, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.43). However, we did not observe such an association between the following barriers and midwives identification of IPV: my work load is too much, women are always accompanied by someone, asking on IPV might offend women and though identified, there are no supportive services for IPV victims.ConclusionsSri Lankan midwives were less likely to identify IPV victims if they perceived that they do not have an adequate knowledge or the ability to identify and support the IPV victims.
Risk posed to children by stationery items in the upper airways: evidence emerging from the ESFBI study
Authors: Foltran F , Berchialla P , Gregori D , Pitkranta A , Slapak I , Jakubkov J , Bellussi L , Passali D 
Published: March 2011

Rationale and aimThe insertion, inhalation, aspiration or ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is a relatively frequent event in young children. Some classes of objects such as stationery items (including pencils, pens and their parts etc), are frequently listed in clinical registries among commonly inserted, inhaled, aspirated or ingested objects but rarely receive a specific attention.The aim of the present study is to characterise the risk of complications and prolonged hospitalisation due to stationery items according to age and gender of patients, FB characteristics and FB location, circumstances of the accident, as emerging from the ESFBI study.MethodsA retrospective study in major hospitals of 19 European countries was realised on children aged 0–14 having inhaled/aspired or ingested a stationery item, with regard to the characteristics of the child and the FB (shape volume consistency), the FB location the hospitalisation's details and the occurrence of complications.ResultsIn the years 2000–2003 a total of 2094 FB injuries occurred in children aged 0–14 years. Among them 62 (3%) were due to a stationery item: 32 were due to objects insertion in the ears while 30 occurred in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Objects most frequently involved are parts of pens in children younger than 3 years and eraser in older. 39% of children needed hospitalisation. The most documented complication was inflammation of external ear. Almost 24% of injuries happened under adults supervision.ConclusionsInjuries are events that in many cases can be prevented with appropriate strategies. Passive environmental strategies, including product modification by manufacturers, are the most effective. However, regulation regarding small parts of potentially dangerous objects, covers products addressed to children use but objects not projected for children, such as stationary items, are excluded. Our study testifies that stationary is involved in a non-negligible percentage of FB injuries, mainly due to insertion in the ears. Frequently, injuries happens under adult supervision. This results confirm the fact that when passive preventive strategies are not practical, active strategies that promote behaviour change are necessary and information about this issue should be included in all visits to family paediatricians.
Foreign bodies causing asphyxiation in children: the experience of the Buenos Aires Pediatric ORL Clinic
Authors: Chinski A , Foltran F , Passali D , Bellussi L , Gregori D 
Published: March 2011

Rationale and aimThe inhalation/aspiration, of a foreign body (FB) is a relatively frequent event in young children. Size, shape, type and site of arrest of the FB are responsible of an important variability on clinical picture, therefore, the possibility to know details regarding object characteristics and traumatic event dynamics have a key role. In the present paper, experience coming from the Children's Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is presented and our observations are compared with information coming from four well known case series already published and chosen as representative of other cultural and geographical background.MethodsA prospective study in Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina, was realised on children having inhaled/aspired a FB, with regard to age and sex distribution, FB type, dimensions and consistency, FB location, clinical presentation, removal and occurrence of complications.ResultsOver 1 year, 65 cases of FB inhalation were observed. The children mean age was 4.03 years (SD 1.93). Injuries happened in the major part of cases at home (53 cases (81.53%)) and under adult supervision (59 cases (90.76%)). Children frequently inhale small objects having a rigid consistency. Although the most frequent FB are nuts, differently from other cases series in which injuries are commonly due to food inhalation or aspiration, the major part of accidents in our experience are related with the inhalation of an inorganic FB. Observed complications were pneumonia (3 cases), atelectasis (2 cases) and pneumonitis (1). No deaths were recorded.ConclusionsThe high frequency of inorganic FB related injuries testifies that children have the possibility to play with objects, such as pins and nails, not adequate for their age and adults are non-conscious of the choking risk associated with some objects or behaviours. In fact, often injuries happen under adult supervision. Unfortunately, in scientific literature data regarding the dynamic of the accident and particularly the adult presence are frequently underreported; however, when information is at a disposal, it confirms the idea that more effort in caregivers' public education is needed and that information about this issue should be included in all visits to family paediatricians.
Locally developed electronic trauma registry: a novel solution for low-income settings
Authors: Mehmood A , Razzak J A , Raza S , Mumtaz N , Ejaz K 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionA functionally active and well organised electronic trauma registry (ETR) can assist in addressing important issues about the prevention and treatment of injuries at hospital and regional level. The ideal process of development of such a registry includes its customisation according to the local needs and enabling the end users to give their feedback to the software programmers who can improvise it accordingly. Examples of ETRs in low and middle income countries are rare, mainly due to cost of obtaining and maintaining such registries. This prompted us for development of a local registry with the help of software programmers at a low cost with a user friendly interface.AttributesThe ETR uses both hardware and software to collect, verify, store and analyse the data. Effective coding systems for example, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) and Abbreviated Injury Scaling (AIS) aid in standardisation of the terms, whereas backend spreadsheets and calculators help in storage, collation and analysis of the data.ScopeInformation about patient demographics, injury location, injury date and time, external causes of injury, injury modifiers, mode of transport, ED/hospital assessment and treatment, final diagnosis, disposition and outcome can be recorded. The registry is capable of generating different trauma scores (GCS, RTS, ISS) and probability of survival (TRISS) score.AdvantagesThe registry could be used for hospital based injury surveillance, trauma outcome research and public policy interventions. When applied in multiple hospitals, it will serve as a city-wide trauma data bank.
Dog bite injuries a preventable hazard?
Authors: Butcher R , De Keuster T 
Published: March 2011

Estimates indicate 1.5% of the population is bitten by a dog annually (though probably 50% of bites remain unreported), and that the incidence is increasing. However, dogs are popular pets associated with scientifically proven health and social benefits for their owners and their families. It is important to devise bite prevention strategies that preserve these benefits while reducing the risk of injuries.Contrary to the popular view that the problem is restricted to a few so-called dangerous breeds, evidence indicates that most bites occur within the home, most often in young children bitten by a familiar dog. These incidents therefore reflect a significant cause of accidents to children in the home that can be prevented.Within the home, 86% of the bites appear to be triggered by a dog/child interaction initiated by the child. However, the majority of bites occurring in public places happen without previous interaction from the victim. The tendency of a dog to bite depends on multiple interacting factors including those related to the individual dog and the individual victim, but importantly influenced by the sociocultural context.In conclusion, more research is needed on the epidemiology of bites to help identify the most appropriate prevention strategies. These should focus on the context rather than simply on dog attack records. The research and future implementation of strategies will require coordination and involvement of all major stakeholders, but it seems clear education (of both healthcare professionals and general public) will be the key.
The effectiveness of a culturally sensitive burn and fire prevention program designed for inner city school students and parents
Authors: Rimmer R B , Pressman M , Joiner J , Winchester S , Foster K N , Caruso D M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionInjury prevention has become a major healthcare priority. Burns, a leading cause of death in children, often occur in minority based, lower socio-economic neighbourhoods. This study sought to determine if targeted fire/burn prevention curriculum, delivered in an at-risk school system could teach and sustain prevention knowledge in elementary students.MethodsA 60-page prevention curriculum for grades 1 through 6 was presented with two 32-page, picture story books regarding scald prevention and family fire safety. A packet of alphabet childhood injury/safety cards was also included. Parent materials were provided in Spanish and Somalian. Students completed a pretest assessing fire safety and burn prevention knowledge. A post-test was administered at the completion of the grade appropriate curriculum and again at 6 months postinstruction.ResultsStudents (681) median age 8, Hispanic (98%), (1%) Caucasian and 1(%) African American & Somalian, completed pre-post and post-post tests. Students, after receiving materials and curriculum, showed significant improvement in documented knowledge from pre to post-test (p < 0.001). Post/post tests results, completed 6 months later, showed sustained learning for all grades(p < 0.001).ConclusionCulturally sensitive programs which deliver prevention information to children and parents through entertaining and repetitive story, helps to heighten health literacy and successfully deliver critical safety information to families. The books and cards, which were given to each child for home usage, were likely read repeatedly. This appears to have sustained learning and effected knowledge retention well beyond initial classroom instruction.
Pretest of a locally developed trauma registry
Authors: Mehmood A , Ejaz K , Razzak J A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionElectronic trauma registries (ETR) play a critical role in the collection of pre-hospital and hospital based trauma data, required for trauma care improvement. The crucial step is to have a functionally active and reliable trauma registry which is customised according to the local needs. This prompted for development of a low cost local registry with the help of software programmers.ObjectivesTo pretest locally developed ETR at a single university hospital, to assess the functionality, efficiency and reliability in data storage retrieval and analysis.MethodsWe tested the registry with records of poly-trauma patients treated during 2008 at Aga Khan University Hospital. This data was entered into the ETR, by trained staff, its functionality and reliability was assessed through analysis of the data.ResultsThere were 119 patients, with mean age of 32.7 years, mean RTS was 7.48650, ISS score was 12.039 and mean TRISS was 95.7511. The most common mechanism of injury was MVC (73.1%) followed by gunshot wounds (16.8%). There were 5 (4.2%) patients who expired. In the analysis of injuries, head and neck (42%) and extremities (52.1%) were the most commonly involved regions. We found that there were four unexpected deaths (TRISS > 50%) and we also found two unexpected survivors (TRISS <50%).ConclusionThe ETR is found to be a reliable data storage system which is also capable of generating standard reports consisting of patient demographics, injury severity scores and probability of survival and outcome.
Experience of physical, emotional and sexual violence and adverse health behaviours in Macedonian students: results from the adverse childhood experience survey
Authors: Raleva M , Pesevska D J , Sethi D , Hadzihamza K , Filov I , Boskovska M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo examine associations between experience of physical violence, sexual violence and emotional violence and adverse health behaviours among a sample of students in Republic of Macedonia.MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis of data from high school and university survey in Republic of Macedonia educational institutions that participated in the adverse childhood experience survey in 2009–2010 we compared the relative frequency of several adverse health behaviours among students (primarily students 18–20 years of age) who did or who did not report experience of PV, SV or EV. We estimated ORs for such behaviours and theirs 95% CIs after adjusting for age and sex.FindingsExperience of physical violence in childhood was reported by 25–32% of the students studied in several regions in Macedonia, and experience of sexual violence was reported by 9–12%. Emotional abuse was reported by 37–43%. Moderate to strong associations were observed between adverse childhood experience of physical violence and sexual violence and measures of mental health, suicidal ideation, cigarette smoking, alcohol or substance abuse, multiple sex partners.ConclusionChildhood experience of physical violence, emotional violence and sexual violence is common among Macedonian students and is associated with multiple adverse health behaviours. In developing country such as Macedonia, increased awareness of the frequency of experience of violence among children and its potential adverse health consequences may lead to heightened attention to the need for preventive programmes that address the problem.
Injuries in German professional ice hockey epidemiology and prevention
Authors: Kelp J , Luig P , Klein C , Kantner F , Schulz D , Moser N , Henke T 
Published: March 2011

Ice hockey differs in dynamic, allowed body contact and equipment from other team sports, probably leading to a higher injury risk. Thus, ice hockey captures the first place of the injury statistics in German professional team sports. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiology in German professional ice hockey and to elaborate appropriate prevention measures.The underlying database considers DEL players and describes injuries, resulting disabilities and costs. Additional information concerning injury situations and mechanisms was collected by means of a questionnaire-based survey. Between July 2007 and June 2008 professionals, who registered injuries received a questionnaire for detailed description of the accident. 914 injuries causing costs were registered. Response rate reached 12.4%.Thus, each DEL player sustains an average of 2.6 injuries per season. Half of those injuries lead to temporary incapacity for work. The other half merely causes treatment costs. Nine of 10 players sustain at least one injury per season. The injury list permanently contains 25% of all DEL players. Injury costs including treatment costs and lost staff costs amount to 8 million per year. 54% of all costs are allotted to knee (24%), head (16%) and shoulder injuries (14%). Remarkably, 67.2% of irregular actions leading to injuries had not been judged as a foul by the referee.Elaborated preventive measures focus on protective equipment, training measures concurrently reducing injuries and enhancing performance – in particular checking performance, revised education of referees, consistent penalisation and fair play.
Suicide attempts in French prisons: results of the TARTARE survey
Authors: Encrenaz G , Miras A , Contrand B , Pujos S , Galera C , Michel G , Lagarde E 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo describe suicidal behaviours in prisons and to determine factors associated with suicide attempts during imprisonment.MethodsAll inmates of a prison for prisoners awaiting trial (Bordeaux, France) were eligible for this cross-sectional study. 375 inmates have been face-to-face interviewed by an experienced psychologist. Sociodemographic data, imprisonment conditions, health status and healthcare utilisation, mental health, impulsivity, aggressiveness, interpersonal violence (victim and perpetrator status) and suicidal behaviours were documented.ResultsThe incidence of suicidal attempts during imprisonment was equal to 12.9 per 100 persons-year. Having made a suicide attempt during imprisonment was associated with being victim of violence without perpetrating it (adjusted OR=7.5), having children (adjusted OR=3.5), suffering from depressive and anxious symptoms (adjusted OR=3.4) and complaining about the prison noise (adjusted OR=3.7). Other factors, in particular a personal history of suicide attempts, were not associated with the risk of suicide attempts during imprisonment.DiscussionThe major risk factor of suicide attempts was being victim of violence. These results could help to improve screening checklists of inmate suicide risk already used in prisons. However, all data were self-reported but have been improved using data recorded by the prison administration when they were available.
Participation and injuries in organised sports in Germany: a longitudinal study covering the years 1987–2009
Authors: Klein C , Luig P , Schulz D , Henke T 
Published: March 2011

Following the Resolution on Sport for All: injuries and their prevention in 1986 the Department of Sports Medicine of the Ruhr-University Bochum and the ARAG Sports Insurance established a database of sports accidents. For over 20 years this cooperation has intended to reveal focal points of accidents on the basis of statistically verified and representative data. Furthermore, the development of preventive approaches with targeted measures suited to specific sports has always been a pivotal aim. Athletes that have reported a sports accident to the sports insurance company have been asked to fill in a questionnaire relating to the course of the accident, the injury and its treatment as well as the amount of organised and unorganised sporting activities. The response rate is approximately 50%. The collected data covers more than 180 000 sports accidents between 1987 and 2009. Thus it is one of the largest sports injury databases in Europe.The aim of this study is to consider the progress of the accidents and to highlight the main changes of sports injuries in comparison with the number of participants within German sports associations, finally leading to the elaboration of prevention measures. The focus is on sports with the highest absolute number of injuries. In fact football is the leading sport in Germany concerning the number of injuries and participants. It is outstanding that 75% of all organised sports injuries are registered in football, handball, basketball and volleyball, although only 30% of all sports club members are organised within these sports.
Implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent drowning: results from a WHO collaborative project
Authors: Mitis F , Sethi D , Racioppi F 
Published: March 2011

Introduction34 000 drowning-related deaths are observed yearly in WHO European Region. Rates in low- and middle-income countries are six times higher than in high-income countries.MethodsA questionnaire survey was undertaken as part of a collaborative project between WHO and the European Commission on progress achieved by Member States in implementing the WHO resolution and the European Council Recommendation on the prevention of injuries. Information was used on the implementation of eight evidence-based interventions to prevent drowning. Countries were grouped according to geographical location. Mortalities for drowning were examined by country grouping and correlated with level of implementation of interventions at a subregional level.ResultsThere were responses from 47 of the 51 Member States with focal persons. Regional median implementation of drowning prevention interventions was 63% (IQR: 38–75%). The average mortality for the Baltic countries is six times higher than that for Nordic countries for both sexes. Implementation was variable across groups: 81% in Nordic countries, 73% in southern countries, 70% in CIS, around 50% in western, central and southeastern countries, only 8% in the three Baltic countries. In particular, no interventions were implemented in Lithuania and Latvia, only 25% in Estonia.ConclusionsAn inverse correlation can be observed between the implementation of evidence-based interventions and mortality for drowning in European countries when subregions are considered. The health sector needs to take a leadership role in advocating for the widespread implementation of effective programmes and to engage with other stakeholders in a multisectoral response to prevent drowning.