bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Flash Photolysis of HCIO, CIO−, HBrO, and BrO− in Aqueous Solution. Reactions of Cl‐ and Br‐Atoms
Authors: Kläning Ulrik K. , Wolff Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSpectra and rate constants of reactions were measured of chlorine and bromine atoms formed by photolysis of aqueous solutions of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids and their salts with light of wavelength 248. 5 and 308 nm. Chlorine and bromine atoms in aqueous solution behave like weak oxygen acids showing the pKa‐values 5.1 and 10.5, respectively. Exchanges of water molecules bound to the halogen atoms are fast processes.
Investigations on the Growth Mechanisms of α‐Cr2O3 on Ni‐Base Alloys with and without Y2O3 Dispersions
Authors: Ramanarayanan T. A. , Petkovic‐Luton R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe growth kinetics of Cr2O3 scales on the Y2O3 dispersion containing Ni‐base alloy MA754 at low oxygen partial pressure have been compared with the corresponding growth rates on Ni‐30Cr and on Ni‐30 Cr‐0.5 Ti alloys in the 1000–1125°C temperature range. In the dispersion containing alloy, the growth kinetics are slower by a factor of 12–14, the Ni‐30 Cr and Ni‐30 Cr‐0. 5 Ti alloys exhibiting similar growth rates. Microstructural evidence does not support mechanisms for growth rate reduction suggested by earlier investigators based on blocking effects of dispersoid particles or dispersoid‐assisted generation of a fine‐grained Cr2O3 scale. Rather, the present evidence supports a model based on yttrium doping. It is shown that in undoped Cr2O3 at low oxygen partial pressures, chromium interstitials are the most probable cationic defects, yttrium doping suppresses the concentration of chromium interstitials.
High Pressure Phase Equilibria andPVT‐Data. of the Water‐Nitrogen System to 673 K and 250 MPa
Authors: Japas Maria L. , Franck E. U. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA high pressure autoclave equipped with sapphire windows is described. With water‐nitrogen mixtures of thirteen different concentrations (x) determinations were made of liquid‐gas phase equilibria conditions along “isopleths” between 523 and 673 K and 20 to 270 MPa. Molar volumes of the mixtures were measured at the three‐dimensional (PTx) phase equilibria surface and in the supercritical homogeneous region at 673 K. The critical curve, an envelope of the isopleths, begins at the critical point of water (647 K), has a temperature minimum (639 K) at about 75 MPa and proceeds to 250 MPa at 659 K. Phase equilibria and critical curve data are given. Values for the Henry‐constant to 647 K for mixtures dilute in nitrogen and for the nitrogen solubility from 300 to 600 K and from 10 to 200 MPa are presented. Excess volume,VE, values have been calculated for 673 K from 30 to 250 MPa. AllVEvalues are positive. The maximum is 57 cm3mol−1at 70 mol per cent of H2O at 30 MPa and about 2 cm3mol−1at 40 mol per cent H2O and 250 MPa. Excess Gibbs energy‐values and activity coefficients are presented.
Copper Hexacyanoferrate‐Modified Glassy Carbon: A Novel Type of Potassium‐Selective Electrode
Authors: Engel D. , Grabner E. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChemically modified electrodes are prepared by deposition of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) on glassy carbon. These electrodes are characterized by voltammetric and potentiometric measurements. After suitable conditioning they exhibit nearly Nernstian response to changes in activity of potassium or ammonium ions as well as good selectivity with respect to sodium ions. The kinetics of potassium ion exchange between the CuHCF film and aqueous solutions is studied and the diffusion coefficient of potassium ion in CuHCF is determined.
High Pressure Phase Equilibria andPVT‐Data of the Water‐Oxygen System Including Water‐Air to 673 K and 250 MPa
Authors: Japas Maria L. , Franck E. U. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA high pressure autoclave with sapphire windows, auxiliary equipment and means and precautions needed for experiments with high pressure, high temperature oxygen are described. With water‐oxygen mixtures of different mole fractions,x, determinations were made of liquid‐gas phase equilibria conditions along “isopleths” between 500 and 660 K to 250 MPa. Molar volumes of the mixtures were measured at the three‐dimensional (PTx) phase equilibria surface and in the supercritical region at 673 K. The critical curve, an envelope for the isopleths, begins at the critical point of water (647 K), has a temperature minimum (640 K) at about 75 MPa and proceeds to 250 MPa at 663 K. Phase equilibria and critical curve data are given. The H2OO2critical PT curve is very close to the critical curve recently (10) determined for H2ON2. Values for the Henry‐constant from 300 K to 647 K for mixtures dilute in oxygen are presented. The Henry constant at room temperature has only about half the value of the Henry constant for nitrogen in water. At the critical temperature of water (647 K), however, both constants do not differ by more than the uncertainty of the determinations. The excess volume was calculated at 673 K from 30 to 250 MPa. All values are positive. The excess Gibbs energy and activity coefficients are presented. One isopleth for H2O‐air withx(H2O) = 0.80 was measured and molar volume values for this composition at 673 K between 33 and 280 MPa are given.
Defects and Cation Diffusion in Magnetite (VII): Diffusion Controlled Formation of Magnetite During Reactions in the Iron‐Oxygen System
Authors: Backhaus‐Ricoult M. , Dieckmann R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractParabolic rate constants describing the kinetics of the exclusively diffusion controlled growth of magnetite scales during simple reactions in the iron‐oxygen system are derived on basis of preceding studies on the defect structure and on the transport properties of this oxide. Furthermore, experimental results for the formation of magnetite by solid state reaction between the iron oxides wüstite and hematite are reported and compared with calculated data.
Photochemistry of colloidal semiconductors 29. Fractionation of CdS sols of small particles by exclusion chromatography
Authors: Fischer Ch.‐H. , Lilie J. , Weller H. , Katsikas L. , Henglein A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCdS sols stabilized by sodium hexametaphosphate or poly‐phosphate‐15 were fractionated in a column of sephacryl gel and the fractions investigated by electron microscopy and spectrophotometrically. A linear relationship between the logarithm of the particle size and the elution time was observed. The method may be used to prepare sols of narrow size distribution and to analyse unknown samples with respect to the size of the particles. —The thermal growth of very small CdS particles was followed by chromatography. The particles grew rather abruptly from one size distribution to another, which may be explained by growth via particle combination.
Extreme short‐term stable isotope variability revealed by continuous rainwater analysis
Authors: Munksgaard N. C. , Wurster C. M. , Bass A. , Bird M. I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe continuous real‐time analysis, at 30‐s intervals, of precipitation at an Australian tropical location revealed extreme and rapidly changing δ18O and δD values related to variations in moisture source areas, transport paths and precipitation histories. The range of δ18O (−19.6‰ to +2.6‰) and δD (−140‰ to +13‰) values from 5948 measurements of nine rain events over 15 days during an 8‐month period at a single location was comparable with the range measured in 1532 monthly samples from all seven Australian Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation stations from 1962 to 2002. Extreme variations in δ18O (−8.7‰ to −19.6‰) and δD (−54‰ to −140‰) were recorded within a single 4‐h period.Real‐time stable isotope monitoring of precipitation at a high temporal resolution enables new and powerful tracer applications in climatology, hydrology, ecophysiology and palaeoclimatology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specificity of Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Coping, Acceptance, and Distress Tolerance in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Kapson Heather S. , Leddy Meaghan A. , Haaga David A. F. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveAlthough there is extensive evidence of the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT), it is less certain what potential mechanisms of change are specifically affected by CBT interventions. This study was intended to test the specific effects of CBT on compensatory coping skills, acceptance, and distress tolerance or persistence.MethodUsing data from a randomized controlled trial of 8‐session group CBT and a time‐matched comparison condition for cigarette smokers, we evaluated CBT effects on compensatory coping skills, self‐rated acceptance and behavioral markers of persistence and distress tolerance. Because depression proneness had moderated treatment response in the parent clinical trial (Kapson & Haaga, 2010), we tested not only main effects (CBT vs. comparison condition) but also moderated effects (treatment condition X depression proneness).ResultsCBT significantly improved compensatory coping skills only among the less depression‐prone participants, who were the subset of smokers who did not benefit from CBT in terms of smoking cessation outcomes. There were no specific effects of CBT on acceptance or behavioral persistence.ConclusionsTo the extent that CBT had specific effects on compensatory coping skills, it was for the participants who did not benefit clinically from the intervention. Much more theory‐driven research on multiple candidate change mechanisms is needed to clarify how effective and specific treatments have their effects, for either patients in general or subsets of patients as in moderated effects.
Exploratory factory analysis and predicted probabilities of a Chinese version of Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) questionnaire
Authors: Chang Shang‐Jen , Chen Tony Hsiu‐Hsi , Su Chia‐Cheng , Yang Stephen Shei‐Dei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the reliability, validity, and predicted probabilities of a Chinese version of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) and to explore the latent factors underlying dysfunctional voiding.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 60 children (38 girls and 22 boys) with a diagnosis of dysfunctional voiding. The Chinese version of the DVSS was completed at the clinics and again 1 week later. We enrolled 235 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy children as the control group. The DVSS consisted of 10 items with each item scores 0–3. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability was assessed with Chronbach's alpha test and intraclass correlation (ICC), respectively. The predictive validity was analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Factor analysis was used to classify symptoms into latent factors. The Bayesian method was used to adjust the predicted probabilities of the DVSS.ResultsMean total scores of the DVSS in the cases and controls were 9.65 ± 3.87 and 4.13 ± 2.60, respectively. The alpha coefficient was 0.448, showing a heterogeneous composition of symptoms. Test–retest reliability was 0.89. The chosen cut‐off point for the total score of DVSS was 6.66, with a sensitivity of 81.67%, and specificity of 82.63%. Factor analysis revealed three latent variables. Using the Bayesian method, the application of the DVSS in areas with different prevalence figures produced significantly different probabilities of dysfunctional voiding.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the DVSS is reliable with validity. With the same total score, we found significantly different predicted probabilities of dysfunctional voiding. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1247–1251, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of models of care for the follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Heirs Morag , Suekarran Sara , Slack Russell , Light Kate , Gibson Faith , Glaser Adam , Hawkins Mike , Phillips Robert 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFollow‐up care for survivors of childhood cancer is increasingly seen as a priority service as numbers of survivors increase. Despite this there are few published evaluations of the available options. We conducted a systematic review of published and unpublished literature. Seven uncontrolled studies, and one comparative study of a related intervention, were identified. Observational data suggest that follow‐up care was useful even for patients who did not perceive this as a need. Suitably powered, well‐conducted, controlled trials of adequate duration that directly compare follow‐up models are required to provide robust evidence on the optimal care for these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 351–356. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating “self-conscious” speech: The performance register in Ocracoke English
Authors: Schilling-Estes Natalie 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis article examines PERFORMANCE SPEECH in the historically isolated island community of Ocracoke, North Carolina. Over the past several decades islanders have come into increasingly frequent contact with tourists and new residents, who often comment on the island's “quaint” relic dialect. In response, some Ocracokers have developed performance phrases that highlight island features, particularly the pronunciation of/ay/ with a raised/backed nucleus, i.e. [Λ-1]. The analysis of/ay/ in the performance and non-performance speech of a representative Ocracoke speaker yields several important insights for the study of language in its social context. First, performance speech may display more regular patterning than has traditionally been assumed. Second, it lends insight into speaker perception of language features. Finally, the incorporation of performance speech into the variationist-based study of style-shifting offers support for the growing belief that style-shifting may be primarily proactive rather than reactive. (Keywords: Ocracoke, performance speech, style-shifting, stylistic variation, register, self-conscious speech.)
Mesozoic sedimentation and sedimentary rocks in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Hudson J. D. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisIn the Inner Hebrides Mesozoic sediments rest unconformably on much older, harder and more deformed rocks: they are overlain by Tertiary lavas and cut by sub-volcanic intrusions. The Triassic rocks are unfossiliferous conglomerates and sandstones, deposited on alluvial fans and river flood plains in a semiarid climate. Active faults controlled sedimentation. In the early Jurassic the sea transgressed across the region; a basin of net sediment accumulation lay between uplifted regions now represented by the Highlands and the Outer Hebrides. The lower and lower-middle Jurassic is composed of marine shalesandstone alternations comparable to those providing the sources and reservoirs for North Sea oil. Ammonites provide good correlation with the European succession. In the Great Estuarine Group, environments ranged from lagoonal to deltaic to dolomitic mud-flat. Molluscan assemblages can be compared to modern brackish-water faunas. In the upper Jurassic there is a return to marine shales and minor sandstones; ammonites help correlation between Europe and the Boreal province. The lower Cretaceous is absent; thin upper Cretaceous rests disconformably on older rocks. The rocks are not metamorphosed except slightly near the Tertiary plutonic centres. Their softness makes them susceptible to erosion, and, especially where shales are overlain by basalts, extensive landslips occur.
Effects of Rotenone on Columbia Spotted Frogs Rana luteiventris during Field Applications in Lentic Habitats of Southwestern Montana
Authors: Billman Hilary G. , Kruse Carter G. , St-Hilaire Sophie , Koel Todd M. , Arnold Jeffrey L. , Peterson Charles R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Fisheries managers are restoring native populations by removing nonnative fishes worldwide. Increasingly, the piscicide rotenone is used to accomplish this. Fish introductions and removals change the aquatic environment, and it is important to consider the impacts of these actions on nontarget species, including amphibians. Laboratory experiments have shown that rotenone can negatively affect tadpoles. We therefore assessed the effects of rotenone used on two wild amphibian populations. The commercial piscicide formulation CFT Legumine (5% rotenone) was applied at 1 mg/L (50 μg/L rotenone) to a lake containing nonnative trout in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) in 2006 and two fishless wetlands on private lands in southwestern Montana in 2008. Amphibian surveys were conducted immediately prior to and after the rotenone treatments to obtain tadpole population estimates. Follow-up surveys were conducted 1 year posttreatment to estimate tadpole recovery. In YNP, additional surveys were conducted 2 and 3 years postapplication to observe longer-term effects of fish removal and the subsequent introduction of native fish. Within 24 h following application of rotenone, there was 100% mortality in gill-breathing tadpoles, but nongill-breathing metamorphs, juveniles, and adults were apparently unaffected. In the years following, tadpoles repopulated all waters and population levels were similar to, or, in the case of YNP because of concurrent fish removal, higher than pretreatment levels. In YNP, tadpole abundance and distribution decreased after westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi were stocked in the treated lake.
Received October 22, 2011; accepted May 4, 2012
Association between traditional standing vertical jumps and a soccer‐specific vertical jump
Authors: Requena Bernardo , Garcia Inmaculada , Requena Francisco , Bressel Eadric , Saez‐Saez de Villarreal Eduardo , Cronin John 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the relationships between a soccer‐specific vertical jump (ssVJ) test, that included common elements of a soccer VJ (e.g. run‐up and intention to head), and three traditional VJ tests using elite soccer players. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the VJs used in the analysis. A randomised order and counterbalanced design was used to assess the relationships between these VJs [countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump for height (DJh), drop jump for maximum height and minimum ground contact time (DJh/t) and the ssVJ]. Take‐off velocity, contact time and flight time were the dependent variables of interest and compared between jumps. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used as measures of inter‐session reliability. All VJ tests were found to have high ICCs (0.89–0.99) and acceptable within‐subject CVs (<7.5%). All the ssVJ dependent variables were not significantly related (r<0.44) with similar variables from the CMJ and DJh tests and only moderately related (r=~0.49) with the DJh/t test variables. In addition, the DJh/t variables were not significantly correlated (r<0.47) with DJh and CMJ test variables. In conclusion, it would seem that the proposed ssVJ test and CMJ or DJh tests assess different leg qualities and thought should be given before using them interchangeably to assess or develop the same performance measures (i.e. velocity at take‐off or jump height).
A comparative study on the indexing and ranking of the content objects including the MARCXML and Dublin Core's metadata elements by general search engines
Authors: Mahdi Taheri Sayyed , Hariri Nadjla 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to assess and compare the indexing and ranking of XML‐based content objects containing MARCXML and XML‐based Dublin Core (DCXML) metadata elements by general search engines (Google and Yahoo!), in a comparative analytical study.Design/methodology/approachOne hundred XML content objects in two groups were analyzed: those with MARCXML elements (50 records) and those with DCXML (50 records) published on two web sites (www.dcmixml.islamicdoc.org and www.marcxml.islamicdoc.org).The web sites were then introduced to the Google and Yahoo! search engines.FindingsThe indexing of metadata records and the difference between their indexing and ranking were examined using descriptive statistics and a non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney U test. The findings show that the visibility of content objects was possible by all their metadata elements. There was no significant difference between two groups' indexing, but a difference was observed in terms of ranking.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research can help search engine designers in the optimum use of metadata elements to improve their indexing and ranking process with the aim of increasing availability. The findings can also help web content object providers in the proper and efficient use of metadata systems.Originality/valueThis is the first research to examine the interoperability between XML‐based metadata and web search engines, and compares the MARC format and DCMI in a research approach.
The effects of brand‐cause fit and campaign duration on consumer perception of cause‐related marketing in Japan
Authors: Chéron Emmanuel , Kohlbacher Florian , Kusuma Kaoru 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis study's first objective is to experimentally examine the effect of brand‐cause fit and campaign duration on company and brand image, commercial objectives and buying intention as perceived by Japanese consumers. Second, the study aims to evaluate the moderating role of gender and participation in philanthropic activities on the impact of cause‐related marketing (CrM) programs in Japan.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental design was used with 196 Japanese subjects completing a survey online.FindingsA high brand‐cause fit was found to elicit more positive attitudes toward the CrM program than campaign duration. Japanese female respondents were showing more favorable attitudes than men, confirming results in previous research studies conducted in the West. Previous participation in philanthropic activities was also found to increase positive attitudes especially when brand‐cause fit and duration were high.Research limitations/implicationsThe experiment relied on fictitious advertising materials. Many respondents were students from the greater Tokyo area. This may make it difficult to generalize findings to a broader population.Practical implicationsResults show that CrM campaigns in Japan are viewed more positively when consumers perceive a good match between the brand and the cause. Japanese marketers targeting women and consumers with philanthropic experience are likely to benefit by supporting matching social causes.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to contribute to better understanding of the impact of CrM in Japan. It does confirm the gender effect previously observed in western countries.