bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries
Authors: Rovera Angela , Alzahrani Ali S. , Rovera Guido , Anderson Paul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries.MethodsUnilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P‐Nuclear‐Magnetic‐Resonance‐Spectroscopy (31P‐NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.ResultsThe pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P‐NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P‐NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P‐NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+.ConclusionsThis parotid saliva 31P‐NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.
Treatment patterns, outcomes and healthcare resource utilization of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in England
Authors: Osman Faizel , Zema Carla L. , Hurst Michael , Sandler Belinda , Brellier Florence , Utuama Ovie , Kirichek Oksana , Houghton John , Lemmer Teresa , Esteban Maite Tome 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsDescribe patient characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and medical costs associated with patients who were diagnosed with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in clinical practice in England.Methods and resultsThis observational, retrospective, cohort study of adults who were diagnosed with obstructive HCM in routine clinical practice in England used electronic health records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD/Aurum and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases (1 April 2007 to 30 October 2020). Adults (≥18 years at index date) with at least one diagnosis code (ICD‐10, Read, SNOMED, or OPCS) indicative of HCM with ≥1 year of continuous registration in CPRD, data of acceptable research quality and eligibility for HES linkage were included. Outcomes from the obstructive HCM cohort were stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class at baseline and during follow‐up. Owing to the paucity of NYHA coding, patients with obstructive HCM and no record of NYHA class were assigned a proxy NYHA classification using an algorithm that considered patient symptoms and treatments. The study included 6440 patients in the overall HCM cohort with a mean follow‐up duration of 4.84 [standard deviation (SD): 2.95] years. The study population was predominantly male (61.9%) and white (79.1%), with a mean (SD) age of 61.02 (15.61) years. The proportion of patients with obstructive HCM who had a pre‐specified prior medical condition relevant to understanding disease burden increased with higher NYHA class (66.5% vs. 83.0% for NYHA class I and NYHA class II+, respectively), as did the proportion of patients with at least one baseline active prescription for cardiovascular‐related medication. Among patients with at least one record of a prescription for the treatment of symptomatic obstructive HCM, 41.7% experienced a treatment change during the follow‐up period. Atrial fibrillation or flutter, ischaemic stroke and heart failure were the most observed clinical events among patients in the obstructive HCM cohort, and the first in‐study incidence of these events increased with higher NYHA class. Total HCRU costs per patient‐year increased from £3033 to £4517 for NYHA classes I and II+, respectively, with secondary care costs consistently being the main driver in the obstructive HCM cohort.ConclusionsObstructive HCM is associated with a large clinical and economic burden in England, and this burden increases with higher NYHA class. These findings support the need for new and more effective strategies for the management of HCM.
Surfactant‐Based Polymer Microchip Electrophoresis of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Monohydrate in Unfiltered Milk With Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Leclerc Camille A. , Ty Christopher G. D. , Worthington Sean S. , Richardson Malley B. , AlSawalhi Abdulla K. , Wood Larry , Moomand Khalid , Collier Christopher M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work describes a cross‐shaped PMMA ME system capable of detecting ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (CPFH) in unfiltered milk samples. The cross‐shaped PMMA ME system utilizes a BGE consisting primarily of the surface‐active agent SDS to solubilize milk fat and improve the zeta potential of the PMMA microchannel surface. A theoretical lumped‐element circuit model for cross‐shaped ME is introduced in this work to calculate the migration time of CPFH. This manuscript improves the capabilities of PMMA‐based ME for CPFH in milk using an SDS‐based BGE. The presented ME system has a faster migration time, higher mean output voltage, and thinner full‐width at half‐maximum than previously reported dairy‐based biosensor systems. Most notably, the migration time of the new system is under 10 min, being the time associated with the milking of cattle. The system is also found to be able to detect the presence of milk fat. Discussion is included of potential future integration with existing high‐sensitivity methodologies to place the overall ME system's limit of detection below an established target. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported account of a PMMA ME system capable of detecting CPFH in unfiltered milk.
Single‐Cell Analysis of Endothelial Cell Injury in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Yang Yong‐Chang , Zhu Lin , Zhao Jing‐Ying , Zhang Bo , Wang Xiao‐Meng , Cheung Wai W. , Zhao Cheng‐Guang , Zhou Ping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe precise mechanisms responsible for renal injury in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are not fully understood. Our study employed an extensive scRNA‐seq analysis of kidney biopsies obtained from individuals with IgAN, with a specific emphasis on investigating the involvement of renal endothelial cells.MethodsWe obtained data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and conducted bioinformatics analysis, which included enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, AUCell analysis, and high‐dimensional weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (hdWGCNA). The results of these analyses were further validated using human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs).ResultsThe ScRNA‐seq data uncovered notable variations in gene expression between IgAN and control kidney tissues. The enrichment analysis using AUCell demonstrated a high presence of adhesion molecules and components related to the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway within the renal endothelial cells. Furthermore, through hdWGCNA analysis, it was discovered that interleukin (IL)‐6, Rac1, and cadherin exhibited associations with the renal endothelial cells. Stimulation of HRGECs with IL‐6/IL‐6 receptor resulted in a significant reduction in VE‐cad expression while inhibiting Rac1 led to a substantial decrease in Rac1‐GTP levels and an increase in VE‐cad expression.ConclusionThis study presents novel findings regarding the contribution of renal endothelial cells to the development of IgAN, as it demonstrates that IL‐6 negatively regulates VE‐cad expression in HRGECs via Rac1. These results highlight the significant involvement of renal endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of IgAN.
Investigation of the validity and reliability of the maternal sex during pregnancy scale in Muslim women
Authors: Ashrafinia Farzaneh , Jawed‐Wessel Sofia , Haji‐Maghsoudi Saiedeh , Heydari Omolbanin , Shojaee Baghini Fateme 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the maternal sex during pregnancy (MSP) score in a sample of Iranian pregnant women, while also evaluating the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the MSP.MethodsA total of 400 pregnant women participated in the study. Of these, 30 were examined for their test–retest reliability and 370 for their construct validity. The participants completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics as well as the MSP, the sexual function short form inventory (SFSI‐6), global measure of sexual satisfaction (GMSEX) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Test–retest reliability was determined using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal axis factorization (PAF) with varimax rotation followed by confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin (KMO) measure demonstrated high sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.88), and Bartlett's test of sphericity confirmed the appropriateness of the correlation matrix for EFA (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated an excellent fit of the unifactorial model for the MSP, (χ2/df = 1.79) (P = 0.084), comparative fit index (CFI = 0.999), Tucker‐Lewis index (TLI = 0.979), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.065), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR = 0.078). MSP scale demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.86 and Omega coefficients = 0.88).ConclusionThe Persian version of the MSP scale and its scoring system demonstrated strong validity and reliability in evaluating pregnant women's attitudes toward sex during pregnancy in the Iranian context.
Apigenin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes: Establishment of a New Insulin Resistance Model Induced by Combined Treatments
Authors: Guo Xiaoxuan , Xia Bing , Liu Sha , Dong Ying , Qian Yongzhong , Qiu Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdipose tissue dysfunction due to insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in the development of metabolic diseases. Obesity‐associated IR greatly attributes to low‐grade inflammation and high circulating levels of FFAs and sugar. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes exposed to a mixture of TNF‐α, fructose, and palmitate acid for 24 h were validated as a model to simulate the pathogenesis of IR in obese people under a high–fat–fructose diet. Results show that the combined induction medium (CIM) successfully induced IR in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by impairing insulin signaling pathway. In the meantime, MAPK (JNK, ERK) pathway and NFκB p65 were activated, which are signs of inflammation response. Moreover, CIM caused mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) was evoked by CIM through activating IRE1α/XBP1s, eIF2α, and ATF6. Apigenin could efficiently relieve IR in adipocytes through sensitizing insulin signaling pathway, exerting antioxidant activity, blocking the NFκB pathway, and suppressing ER stress. The present study may provide new tools in discovering preventive and intervention strategies for IR caused by low‐grade inflammation and high–fat–fructose diets and provide a basis for the application of apigenin in IR and other IR‐related diseases.
Establishing discordance rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate between serum creatinine‐based calculations and cystatin‐C‐based calculations in critically ill patients
Authors: Williams Victoria L. , Gerlach Anthony T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionThe use of serum creatinine (SCr) for drug dosing has significant limitations and is influenced by many non‐kidney factors. Cystatin C (cysC) is an alternative or additional marker of kidney function that is less affected by non‐kidney factors. Although cysC may be useful in hospitalized patients, the use of cysC to calculate drug dosing in critically ill patients has been incompletely investigated.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the rate of discordance in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between SCr‐based calculations and SCr/cysC‐based calculations that affect drug dosing in critically ill patients.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, observational cohort study at an academic medical center including critically ill adult patients admitted in 2023 with SCr and cysC ordered. Data were collected via chart review. Demographic data were analyzed via descriptive statistics. Discordance, defined as the percentage of times at which there is at least one discrepancy in kidney dosing for a medication using Cockcroft‐Gault (CG) creatinine clearance versus Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) eGFR creatinine‐cystatin C (eGFRcr‐cys) equations, was analyzed via Wilcoxon matched pair signed ranked sum. eGFR calculations were normalized for patients' body surface area for comparison.ResultsThe study population included 232 patients (53.02% female; mean age 58.7 +/− 14.9 years; with 62.5% in medical, 23.28% in surgical, and 8.62% in neurological intensive care) with a median SCr of 0.94 mg/dL IQR [0.57–1.58] and median cysC of 1.92 mg/L IQR [1.27–2.77]. The median clearance rates were 68.5 mL/min (45.3–111.5) for CG and 53.9 mL/min (30.9–80.7) for CKD‐EPI eGFRcr‐cys; p < 0.001. The discordance rate across all study drugs was 32.3% (75/232). The four most common study drugs demonstrating discordance were cefepime 40.6% (52/128), vancomycin 38.3% (46/120), levetiracetam 35.1% (13/37), and piperacillin/tazobactam 11.6% (5/43).ConclusionClinically significant discordance exists between SCr and SCr/cysC‐based estimates of kidney function. This study established a discordance rate, as defined by drug dosing, of 32.3% in adult patients admitted to the ICU.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals different profiles between diflubenzuron‐resistant and ‐susceptible phenotypes of the mosquito Culex pipiens
Authors: Valentina Mastrantonio , Franco Liberati , Tiziana Castrignanò , Valentina Lucchesi , Sandra Urbanelli , Romeo Bellini , John Vontas , Daniele Porretta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundChitin‐synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) represent a major tool in vector control. The intensive use of these compounds has led to the evolution of resistance against several CSIs, including diflubenzuron (DFB). DFB resistance has been associated to a target‐site mechanism; however, studies investigating the gene expression profile of resistant phenotypes are limited, preventing a full understanding of DFB resistance. Here, we analyzed the constitutive gene expression of susceptible and DFB‐resistant individuals of the mosquito Culex pipiens, a major disease vector in temperate areas.ResultsComparative gene expression analysis between susceptible and DFB‐resistant individuals identified 527 differentially expressed genes (i.e., 432 up‐regulated and 95 down‐regulated genes). Among the up‐regulated genes, 87 genes belong to gene families associated with insecticide resistance in arthropods, such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione‐S‐transferases, UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases, heat shock proteins and cuticular proteins (CPs). Interestingly, the CP transcripts were the most abundant among up‐regulated genes (73 of 87), and furthermore they constitute 11 of the 20 most over expressed genes. The enrichment of transcripts associated with cuticle synthesis was also identified by the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.ConclusionsAdaptation to insecticides can involve transcriptional changes in genes encoding for multiple defense mechanisms. Our results identified the over‐expression of transcripts associated with detoxification and cuticle synthesis in DFB‐resistant individuals of Cx. pipiens. Multiple mechanisms, beyond the known target‐site mechanism, may therefore contribute to the DFB‐resistant phenotype. Together these findings corroborate the complexity underpinning the resistant phenotypes and provide important information for the implementation of effective control strategies against mosquito vectors. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Inhibition of EPSPS overexpression of glyphosate‐resistant Lolium perenneL. with a clethodim and glyphosate mixture
Authors: Yanniccari Marcos , Gigón Ramón 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate‐resistant populations of some grass species have demonstrated high sensitivity to combinations of glyphosate and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides. Nevertheless, it is unclear how glyphosate contributes to the control of glyphosate‐resistant plants when combined with other active ingredients such as clethodim. The current work aimed to detect if glyphosate‐resistant Lolium perenne L. biotypes associated with target‐site [5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS)] overexpression and EPSPS mutation (P106S) as mechanisms of resistance are equally controlled by clethodim or clethodim plus glyphosate compared to a susceptible counterpart.RESULTSPlants of the EPSPS overexpression biotype were most sensitive to glyphosate when it was combined with clethodim, and the dose required to halve the maximal response (I50) calculated for glyphosate was reduced to a third. However, the ACCase inhibitor seems to be uniquely responsible for weed control in the P106S biotype. In response to clethodim, EPSPS expression was inhibited in the glyphosate‐resistant EPSPS overexpression biotype to a level like or lower than that of susceptible plants. The glyphosate plus clethodim mixture caused a 1.7‐fold increase in shikimate concentration in the leaves of susceptible and EPSPS overexpression biotypes compared to glyphosate alone.CONCLUSIONThe effects of glyphosate plus clethodim impact in different senses according to the mechanism of resistance involved, where the convergent action of both herbicides controlled the susceptible and EPSPS overexpression biotypes. In contrast, the P106S biotype died because of the clethodim component in the mixture. Mixing herbicides should not be considered a complete solution to herbicide resistance management, and its potential seems dependent on the resistance mechanism involved. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding Agile Transformation With Critical Systems Heuristics in Soft Systems Methodology: A Study Case in Oil and Gas Company Operation
Authors: Darusulistyo Sidik , Wibisono Dermawan , Wandebori Harimukti , Novani Santi , Kencanasari Retna A. M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAgile transformations in organizations are complex and multifaceted endeavours, heavily influenced by the cultural context in which they are undertaken. This paper underscores the pivotal role of cultural considerations in firms' agile transformation initiatives, affirming that agile transformation is, fundamentally, a cultural transformation. To address this, soft systems methodology (SSM) emerges as an action research methodology grounded in systems thinking, comprising two integral streams: the logical‐based stream and the cultural‐based stream. It aims to develop actions that are not only systematically feasible but also culturally desirable. This research employs semistructured interviews, focus group discussion (FGD) and observations as the primary research methodology. We strategically selected the critical systems heuristics (CSH) to enhance the analysis of intervention, social dynamics and political aspects within the organization. The analysis will facilitate the development of culturally desirable organizational changes. Specifically, CSH analysis delineates the boundaries within the transformation process, identifies key actors and resources in the agile journey, comprehends the motivating factors propelling change, elucidates metrics for measuring success and aligns stakeholders' worldviews. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap for researchers and industry practitioners on entering the problematic situation of agile transformation in the oil and gas industry by utilizing a robust multimethodological approach to action research and revealing crucial cultural factors that will be a guide for successful agile transformations in oil and gas operation organizations.
Truth, Situatedness, and Critique: Toward Religion and Worldview Education in the Anthropocene
Authors: Kvamme Ole Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter is written into a situation conceived of as the era of the Anthropocene, expressing the new position of the human species in earth history with an irreversible and massive impact on earth’s planetary systems. In the notion of the Anthropocene I include the conception of humankind as many and not one, acknowledging the interconnectedness with other forms of life. A premise in the following is that the current sustainability challenges involving climate crisis, ecological crisis and global injustice, prompt a rethinking of pedagogy and education. If so, how may religious and worldview education be reconsidered? I examine three accounts of religious and worldview education – Andrew Wright’s critical religious education, Robert Jackson’s interpretive approach, and Wanda Alberts’ didactics of the study of religions. I particularly identify their conceptions of the purpose of religious and worldview education, exploring how they accommodate the ecological, existential, and political contexts. While these approaches pay limited attention to the crises in the Anthropocene, by primarily situating and reflecting on religious and worldview education in increasingly plural societies, they contribute to social sustainability. Furthermore, in their attention to the search for truth and student situatedness, a recognition of a global element, an formative dimension of education accommodating a critical, reflexive element they provide possible spaces and entry points for rethinking of an integrative religious and worldview education in the Anthropocene.
AI metrics and policymaking: assumptions and challenges in the shaping of AI
Authors: Sioumalas-Christodoulou Konstantinos , Tympas Aristotle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the interplay between AI metrics and policymaking by examining the conceptual and methodological frameworks of global AI metrics and their alignment with National Artificial Intelligence Strategies (NAIS). Through topic modeling and qualitative content analysis, key thematic areas in NAIS are identified. The findings suggest a misalignment between the technical and economic focus of global AI metrics and the broader societal and ethical priorities emphasized in NAIS. This highlights the need to recalibrate AI evaluation frameworks to include ethical and other social considerations, aligning AI advancements with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for an inclusive, ethical, and sustainable future.