bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Potential von Präventionsberatern im hausärztlichen Setting:
Evaluationsstudie einer Intervention im Land Brandenburg
Authors: Holetzek Tim , Euler Sylvia , Jaehn Philipp , Schliephacke Laura Josephin , Trunev Andrea , Holmberg Christine 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie untersucht, inwieweit Medizinische
Fachangestellte durch eine Weiterbildung zu Präventionsberatern präventive
Maßnahmen in Hausarztpraxen unterstützen können.
Methodik Zwischen Juli 2019 und Dezember 2020 wurde in Hausarztpraxen
einer ländlichen Region in Brandenburg präventive Maßnahmen durch ausgebildete
Präventionsberater in Hausarztpraxen angesiedelt. Sie bestanden in der
längerfristigen Unterstützung von Personen bei Lebensstiländerungen in den
Bereichen „Ernährung“, „Bewegung“ und „Entspannung“. Die begleitende Prozess-
und Ergebnisevaluation beinhaltete Prä-Post-Vergleiche ausgewählter
medizinischer Parameter sowie die Untersuchung möglicher Veränderungen der
Gesundheitskompetenz und gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität mithilfe
standardisierter Fragenbögen (HeiQ-Core, SF-12v2). Weiterhin wurden thematische
Analysen von Fortbildungsunterlagen, Teilnehmenden-Befragungen mithilfe eines
Fragebogens, zwei Fokusgruppen mit Präventionsberatern sowie fünf Interviews mit
Studienteilnehmenden durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Es wurden vier Hausarztpraxen und zwei Gesundheitseinrichtungen
rekrutiert und sieben MFAs zu Präventionsberatern ausgebildet. 38 Personen
wurden in das Präventionsprogramm eingeschlossen. Zwar wurden die
Beratungsgespräche insgesamt nach Fortbildungsvorgaben durchgeführt, doch
sorgten diverse individuelle sowie strukturelle Barrieren für eine geringe
Inanspruchnahme der Intervention.
Schlussfolgerungen Inwieweit am Individuum angepasste präventive Maßnahmen
in Hausarztpraxen erfolgreich mithilfe von zu Präventionsberatern
weitergebildeten MFAs etabliert werden können, steht in starker Abhängigkeit zu
den jeweiligen Praxisstrukturen sowie der vorliegenden Patientenklientel. Eine
erfolgreiche zeitliche Integration und Koordination der Tätigkeiten als
Präventionsberater im Praxisalltag erscheint dabei zielführend für
Interventionen der hier evaluierten Art.
S2k-Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten“ – eine Zusammenfassung
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Drews Claudia , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung 1/2023 wurde das dritte Update der seit 2005 in AWMF
eingestellten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen
Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe
„Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) unter Mitwirkung der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und
Geburtshilfe (DGGG), der Deutschen Kontinenz Gesellschaft (DKG) und des Inkontinenz
Selbsthilfe e.V. publiziert. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt eine Zusammenfassung dieser
S2k-Leitlinie dar; sie ist im AWMF-Leitlinienregister unter der Register-Nummer 084–001
auffindbar und in Teilen in der Online-Version dieser Zeitschrift abrufbar. Der
Geltungsbereich soll alle ärztlichen Kollegen umfassen, die mit der Behandlung einer
Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten befasst sind.
Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70-jährig und multimorbid oder über 80-jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, placebokontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderen Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen und abschließend Deligierten relevanter Fachgesellschaften vorgelegt.
Ergebnisse Basisdiagnostik, erweiterte Diagnostik, Assessments, medikamentöse und operative Therapie, Verhaltensintervention, physiotherapeutische Maßnahmen und die Katheterdrainage wurden vor dem Hintergrund des geriatrischen Patienten beleuchtet und bewertet.
Schlussfolgerungen Häufig stellt sich die Anwendbarkeit von
diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen wegen der eingeschränkten Ressourcen des
Patienten anders als bei gesünderen, nicht multimorbiden Patienten dar. Es gilt, u.U. mit
einer reduzierten oder modifizierten Diagnostik zu relevanten Aussagen zu kommen. Auch
deswegen haben Assessments als strukturierte und validierte Tools einen besonderen
Stellenwert. In der Therapie gilt es, die besondere Vulnerabilität und ständige Bedrohung
durch Chronifizierung und Autonomieverlust des geriatrischen Patienten im Hinblick auf die
geriatrischen I´s (Immobilität, Sturzneigung, Irritabilität als Anfälligkeit für Demenz und
Delir und die iatrogene Schädigung) zu berücksichtigen. Dies kann auch einen Switch zu
nichtinvasiven Maßnahmen wie einer Verhaltensintervention oder eine palliative
(Katheter-)Versorgung bedeuten.
Clinical Significance of Hepatobiliary Localization of Tc-99m EC in Diuretic Renography
Authors: Singh Deepa , Jain Sanchay , Jain Anuj , Jain Suruchi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective Technetium-99m ethylene dicysteine (Tc-99m EC) is a well-established, tubular tracer for diuretic renography. Few occasional cases have been reported in literature regarding visualization of liver, gallbladder (GB), or bowel due to increased hepatobiliary route of excretion of Tc-99m EC on diuretic renography. This study aimed to retrospectively review the incidence of visualization of liver, GB, or bowel and its clinical significance in Tc-99m EC diuretic renography.
Materials and Methods Data of all patients who underwent diuretic renography in the department from January 24, 2022 to March 31, 2023 was included in the study. The data was analyzed to assess the incidence of visualization of GB or bowel loops, correlation of the hepatobiliary localization with factors like age of the patient, concentration of 99m TcO4 solution, quality control parameters, presence of renal stone disease, serum creatinine, relative renal function, and effective renal plasma flow. Effect of hepatobiliary localization on scan interpretation and reporting was assessed.
Results The retrospective analysis of 437 diuretic renograms revealed the hepatobiliary localization of tracer in 34 patients. Out of these 34 patients, 14 patients had only faint visualization of tracer at 4 hours delayed image. Twenty scans had visualization of both GB and bowel. Out of these 20 scans, GB and bowel were visualized during dynamic imaging in one scan, after initial 20 minutes in two scans and in 2 to 4 hours delayed images in rest of the 17 scans. Two out of 20 patients had increased serum creatinine, 16 patients had either single kidney or relative renal function less than 26%, and 12 patients had renal stone disease. Out of the four patients in whom relative renal function was more than 25%, one patient had raised serum creatinine and three patients had renal stone disease. Interpretation of images was affected only in three patients, in which reporting of the scans required single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and correlation with other imaging modalities.
Conclusion Hepatobiliary excretion of Tc-99m EC usually does not usually affect the scan interpretation and quantitative renogram analysis, but reader should be cognizant of the potential pitfalls during scan interpretation. In this study, we reviewed the possible causes of this hepatobiliary clearance and importance of additional views and correlation with other imaging modalities to clarify the suspicion arises for accurate reporting.
Value of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Level in Early Detection of Anastomotic Leakage following Salvage Esophagectomy after Definitive Chemoradiation for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chobarporn Thitiporn , Savigamin Chatuthanai , Tharavej Chadin 
Published: April 2024

Background Definitive chemoradiation therapy is an alternative curative treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The prevalence of anastomotic leakage (AL) after salvage esophagectomy is significantly higher than planned esophagectomy after chemoradiation, which increases operative mortality. Minimizing AL-related mortality requires early detection. Several investigators have demonstrated the role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in early AL detection after esophagectomy for decades. However, its value in early AL detection after salvage esophagectomy is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the value of serial serum CRP levels for early AL detection in ESCC patients after salvage esophagectomy.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of 36 patients diagnosed with thoracic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma who underwent salvage esophagectomy at our hospital between December 2016 and May 2022. The CRP level was measured daily from postoperative day (POD) 1 to 5. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the optimal cutoff value.
Results A total of 36 patients underwent salvage esophagectomy. Of these 36 patients, 3 patients (8.3%) were diagnosed with AL. The CRP level on POD 2 to 5 had been significantly associated with the presence of AL. The ROC curve showed the excellent diagnostic accuracy of CRP level on POD 2 to 5, with an area under the curve of 0.98, 0.98, 0.93, and 0.87, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of CRP on POD2 to 5 was 270, 250, 200, and 150 mg/L, respectively, with high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value.
Conclusion Postoperative serial CRP level after salvage esophagectomy is a reliable useful tool for early AL detection, similar to other settings of esophagectomy.
Fabrication of NdFeB micromagnets based on vacuum negative pressure injection
Authors: Liu Junhong , Wen Quan , Li Dongling , Yuan Xingquan , Zheng Jiahao 
Published: April 2024

Micromagnets integrated into microelectromechanical systems devices are widely used in the fields of micro-energy harvesters, micro-actuators, and speakers. A novel method for fabricating NdFeB micromagnets based on vacuum negative pressure injection is presented. The influence of array element shape, size, and injection channel on the surface magnetic field was studied by Maxwell finite element analysis. A circle array of 600 µm diameter and 150 µm spacing could generate a stronger magnetic field at the edge of the magnet array. Micron-sized magnetic powders with a diameter of 5 µm mixed with the SU8 T2010 photoresist were filled into the microcavity on a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer, which was prepared by the SU8 positive membrane. The PDMS elastomer was bonded to the glass substrate and degassed by a vacuum pump to form negative pressure for rapid injection and uniform filling. By selecting a suitable binder and optimizing the mixing ratio of the magnetic powder, a 165 µm thick micromagnet with homogeneous dispersion of magnetic powder particles was achieved, and the weight percentage of magnetic powder in the SU8 photoresist was 41.8%. The remanent magnetization of micromagnets was 42 emu/g, the coercivity was 6895 Oe, and the maximum surface magnetic field strength was 1.3 mT after magnetization in a 2 T uniform magnetic field. Finally, the micromagnet array was utilized in a cantilever beam micro-actuator, which could drive the cantilever beam and exhibit an excellent linearity.
A novel bidirectionally operated chirped quantum-dot based semiconductor optical amplifier using a dual ground state spectrum
Authors: Cao Victoria , Pan Shujie , Wu Dingyi , Zhang Hongguang , Tang Mingchu , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Xiao Xi , Chen Siming 
Published: April 2024

Bi-directionally operated amplifiers enabling efficient utilization of transmission wavelengths are promising candidates in densely integrated photonic circuits for future cost-effective, power-efficient optical networks. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on a novel chirped multilayered quantum dot (QD) structure, which is suitable for bi-directional amplification via the dual ground state (GS) emission spectrum. The fabricated QD SOA has achieved a maximum 3-dB gain bandwidth of 50 nm while retaining on-chip gain above 20 dB at both GS wavelengths. Under an optimum pumping current of 280 mA, the bi-directionally operated QD SOA has shown around 10 dB receiver sensitivity improvement in ultra-high-speed 100 Gbaud non-return-to-zero and 53.125 Gbaud four-level pulse amplitude modulation data transmission systems.
Career profile and pattern of racing for Thoroughbred jumps-racing horses in New Zealand
Authors: Gibson M. J. , Legg K. A. , Gee E. K. , Chin Y. Y. , Rogers C. W. 
Published: April 2024

Context Racing structure and focus for racehorses differs across jurisdictions and is poorly described. In New Zealand and Australia, jumps racing accounts for a small proportion of total Thoroughbred races each year, as opposed to the larger jumps-racing (National Hunt) industry with purpose-bred horses found in the UK and Ireland. Aims This study aimed to describe the career profile and pattern of racing for Thoroughbred jumps-racing horses in New Zealand. Methods Metrics from every horse with a full jumps-racing career (n = 1276, 89% geldings) between the 2005/06 and 2021/22 racing seasons (n = 40,302 starts) were examined. Descriptive statistics, box plots and heat maps were used to describe the data, by using horse age as a proxy for career progression. Key results Jumps-racing horses had a median of 17 flat starts (IQR 9–30) before their first jumps-racing start. The median career of a jumps-racing horse was 3.7 years (IQR 2.3–5.2) and 29 starts (IQR 16–44). Older horses had a decreasing number of flat-racing starts and an increasing proportion of steeplechase-racing starts. However, the majority of horses still had at least one flat-race start per calendar year, often prior to the first jumps race. Most horses had one spell each season (length 194 days, IQR 124–259), and a condensed preparation length over the winter months, with a median of 14 days (IQR 10–21) between starts. Conclusion The career pattern for jumps-racing horses in New Zealand reflects the industry retention of horses with a prior career in flat racing into a secondary jumps-racing career. Successful horses have increased focus on preparation for the winter jumps-racing season. Implications Jumps racing provides a secondary racing career for some flat-racing horses, particularly geldings. This strategy reduces wastage of horses from the industry.
R-matrix calculations for opacities: I. Methodology and computations
Authors: Pradhan A K , Nahar S N , Eissner W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An extended version of the R-matrix methodology is presented for calculation of radiative parameters for improved plasma opacities. Contrast and comparisons with existing methods primarily relying on the distorted wave approximation are discussed to verify accuracy and resolve outstanding issues, particularly with reference to the opacity project (OP). Among the improvements incorporated are: (i) large-scale Breit–Pauli R-matrix calculations for complex atomic systems including fine structure, (ii) convergent close coupling wave function expansions for the (e + ion) system to compute oscillator strengths and photoionization cross sections, (iii) open and closed shell iron ions of interest in astrophysics and experiments, (iv) a treatment for plasma broadening of autoionizing resonances as function of energy-temperature-density dependent cross sections, (v) a ‘top-up’ procedure to compare convergence with R-matrix calculations for highly excited levels, and (vi) spectroscopic identification of resonances and bound (e + ion) levels. The present R-matrix monochromatic opacity spectra are fundamentally different from OP and lead to enhanced Rosseland and Planck mean opacities. An outline of the work reported in other papers in this series and those in progress is presented. Based on the present re-examination of the OP work, opacities of heavy elements might require revisions in high temperature-density plasma sources.
R-matrix calculations for opacities: III. Plasma broadening of autoionizing resonances
Authors: Pradhan A K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A general formulation is employed to study and quantitatively ascertain the effect of plasma broadening of intrinsic autoionizing (AI) resonances in photoionization cross sections. In particular, R-matrix data for iron ions described in the previous paper in the RMOP series (RMOP-II, hereafter RMOP2) are used to demonstrate underlying physical mechanisms due to electron collisions, ion microfields (Stark), thermal Doppler effects, core excitations, and free–free transitions. Breit–Pauli R-matrix cross sections for a large number of bound levels of Fe ions are considered, 454 levels of Fe XVII, 1184 levels of Fe XVIII and 508 levels of Fe XIX. Following a description of theoretical and computational methods, a sample of results is presented to show significant broadening and shifting of AI resonances due to extrinsic plasma broadening as a function of temperature and density. The redistribution of AI resonance strengths broadly preserves their integrated strengths as well as the naturally intrinsic asymmetric shapes of resonance complexes which are broadened, smeared and flattened, eventually dissolving into the bound-free continua.
Ab-initio transport model to study the thermoelectric performance of MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 monolayers by using Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Kumar Sandeep , Pratap Surender , Kubakaddi Shrishail S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The potential for thermoelectric applications of two-dimensional materials is quite promising. Using ab-initio calculations, we have investigated the electronic band structure, phonon band structure, electronic density of states, and phonon density of states of monolayers MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2. In order to compute the thermoelectric properties of monolayers MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2, we used the ab-initio model suggested by Faghaninia et al (2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 235123). Within this model, by using inputs from density functional theory and considering all relevant elastic and inelastic scattering mechanisms, we have calculated the thermoelectric properties of monolayers MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 over various ranges of temperature (T) and carrier concentration (n). The obtained results of Seebeck coefficients (S) and figure of merit (ZT) at T = 300 K for both n/p-types of monolayers MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 are in good agreement with the findings obtained by other models using the Boltzmann transport equation within a constant relaxation time framework.
Large thermoelectric transport in magnetically coupled CrI3/1T-MoS2 vdW heterostructure via spin–charge interconversion
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Gao Weibo , Deb Pritam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Low-dimensional materials with prominent thermoelectric (TE) effect play a pivotal role in realizing state-of-the-art nanoscale TE devices. The fusion of TE effect with the magnetism through seamless integration of TE and magnetic materials in the 2D limit offers access to control longitudinal as well as transverse TE properties via magnetic proximity effect. Herein, we design a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure of metallic 1T-MoS2 with promising TE properties and a layer-dependent magnetic CrI3 material. The result highlights exotic electronic and magnetic configurations of the designed monolayer-CrI3/1T-MoS2 vdW heterostructure, which show magnetically-coupled TE characteristics. The observed remarkable magnetic proximity stems from large magnetic anisotropy energy and spin polarization, which are found to be 2.21 meV Cr−1 and 12.30%, respectively. To this end, the semiconducting CrI3 layer with intrinsic magnetism leads to efficient control and tunability of the observed spin-correlated anomalous Nernst effect. Moreover, a large dimensionless figure of merit of ∼6 and a power factor of

∼
3.8
×

10

11

/

τ

∘

W

m

−
1

K

−
2

s

−
1

near the Fermi level at 300 K endorse the rejuvenated TE effect. The strong relativistic spin–orbit coupling validates the significant correlation of TE properties with intrinsic magnetic configuration. The present study underscores the significance of the magnetic proximity-governed TE effect in vdW heterostructures to engineer low-dimensional TE devices.
Nernst and seebeck effects in
α−T3
lattice
Authors: Yan Ai , Wang Xing , Li Yu-Xian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
By using the tight-binding Hamiltonian and non-equilibrium Green’s function methods, the Seebeck and Nernst effects of

α
−

T

3

lattice are investigated, in which the lattice interpolates between graphene and the dice lattice via the parameter α. For α = 0 (graphene), flat bands are always present in the band structure. The Seebeck and Nernst coefficients are consistent with those in graphene. When α is non-zero at zero magnetic field, the Seebeck coefficient is an odd function of the Fermi energy. It produces a very large and wide first peak within the band gap for the zigzag boundary. Under the influence of magnetic fields, the first peak of the Seebeck coefficient in the gap region increases with α increasing. The Nernst effect occurs under the influence of a magnetic field. The height of the zeroth peak of the Nernst coefficient increases with α increasing. When α reaches a certain value, the zeroth peak splits. The post-split peak decreases with α increasing for the zigzag boundary, but continues to become wider and higher for the armchair boundary.
Dynamic detection of saturated distribution of activated carbon adsorbed volatile organic compounds based on electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Pang Chaofan , Zhao Tong , Sun Bo , Gao Zengfeng , Wang Yunqian , Li Lu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been achieved for the dynamic detection of the adsorption saturation distribution in activated carbon. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by industries pose a serious threat to human health and environmental quality. Therefore, adsorption method is widely used to treat such organic compounds. Activated carbon, as a commonly used adsorbent material, plays a crucial role in the efficient utilization and management of the adsorption process. Traditional adsorption detection methods suffer from information loss and discontinuity. We can obtain the conductivity distribution information during the current passing through the material by measuring the potential changes on the boundary of interest field, and analyze the saturation distribution information of VOCs adsorbed on activated carbon based on the conductivity distribution image. The feasibility of the technology in monitoring the saturation distribution of the adsorption process in activated carbon was verified by principle and simulation. For experimental verification, fixed bed and fluidized bed experiments were carried out, taking into account the special case of impedance change factors of activated carbon particles in the static and flow states. The experimental results confirm that in fixed-bed adsorption, the adsorption impedance change response can be effectively obtained at an excitation frequency of 1.0 MHz, while in a fluidized bed, a good adsorption impedance change response can be achieved at an excitation frequency of 4 kHz. By selecting the appropriate excitation frequency according to the change in the adsorbent’s state, stable imaging of the saturation distribution can be achieved. This study introduces a new method for visualizing the monitoring process of activated carbon adsorption.