bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Safrole on Phagocytosis, Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species, and the Activity of Myeloperoxidase Released by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Chang Lien‐Yu , Lin Jung‐Chen , Chang Ching‐Wen , Ho Weng‐Hang , Chen Yen‐Ting , Peng Ji‐Lung , Hung Shan‐Ling 
Published: August 2009

Background: Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, inhibits bactericidal activity and the release of superoxide anion (O2−) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This in vitro study further investigated the effects of safrole on phagocytic activity, the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by human PMNs.Methods: The possible effects of safrole on the phagocytic activity of PMNs against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were determined using flow cytometry. PMNs were treated with various concentrations of safrole, which was followed by treatment with Hanks balanced salt solution with or without cytochalasin B and fMet‐Leu‐Phe (CB/fMLP). Intracellular ROS was determined using 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate and a fluorometer, whereas MPO activity was determined using a substrate assay.Results: Safrole significantly inhibited the phagocytic activity of PMNs in a dose‐dependent manner. Approximately 50% of the phagocytic activity of PMNs was affected when 10 mM safrole was used. Exposure of the PMNs to safrole (up to 5 mM) did not directly affect the intracellular levels of ROS and the extracellular activity of MPO. However, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and the activity of MPO released by human PMNs was significantly suppressed by safrole.Conclusions: Safrole reduced the uptake of A. actinomycetemcomitans by human PMNs. Safrole also impaired the normal activation activity of PMNs. Alterations in the defensive properties of PMNs by safrole might promote bacterial colonization, and this could result in periodontal infection.
Full‐Mouth Ultrasonic Debridement Associated With Amoxicillin and Metronidazole in the Treatment of Severe Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso , Bittencourt Sandro , Zanin Iriana Carla Junqueira , Bovi Ambrosano Glaucia Maria , Sallum Enilson A. , Nociti Francisco H. , Gonçalves Reginaldo Bruno , Casati Márcio Zaffalon 
Published: August 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic effects of the systemic administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole in the full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement of patients with severe chronic periodontitis.Methods: Twenty‐five patients presenting at least eight teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were selected and randomly assigned to full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement + placebo (control group) or full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement + amoxicillin and metronidazole (test group). The clinical outcomes evaluated were visible plaque index, BOP, position of the gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL), and PD. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis). The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique permitted the detection of prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐1β, and interferon‐gamma levels in gingival crevicular fluid. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post‐treatment.Results: At 6 months, the test treatment resulted in lower BOP and an additional reduction (0.83 mm) in PD (P <0.05). Data also showed RAL gain ≥2 mm at 43.52% of sites in control patients compared to 58.03% of sites in test patients (P <0.05). However, both groups had similar mean RAL gain (1.68 and 1.88 mm for the control and test groups, respectively). Real‐time PCR and ELISA failed to identify significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: Both treatments resulted in significant clinical improvements; however, there was a slight, but significantly greater, improvement in BOP and the percentage of sites with PD ≥5 mm exhibiting RAL gain ≥2 mm in the test group. Nevertheless, no improvement in the microbiologic or immunologic outcome was observed with the adjunctive use of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole.
Ankyloglossia: Facts and Myths in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Suter Valérie G.A. , Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: August 2009

Background: The objective of this study was to systematically review the diagnostic criteria, indications, and need for treatment of ankyloglossia (tongue‐tie), as well as the various treatment options for patients in different age groups.Methods: The MEDLINE databases and the Cochrane Library were searched according to well‐defined criteria, resulting in 64 included articles. The evidence regarding the classifications of tongue‐tie, epidemiologic data, inheritance, breastfeeding problems, impaired tongue mobility, speech disorders, malocclusion, gingival recessions, therapy, and complications due to surgery was analyzed in detail.Results: Different classifications for ankyloglossia have been proposed but not uniformly accepted. Breastfeeding problems in neonates could be associated with a tongue‐tie, but not enough controlled trials have been performed to identify an ideal treatment option. In children and adults with ankyloglossia, limitations in tongue mobility are present, but the individual degree of discomfort, as well as the severity of an associated speech problem, are subjective and difficult to categorize. There is no evidence supporting the development of gingival recessions because of ankyloglossia. Frenotomy, frenectomy, and frenuloplasty are the main surgical treatment options to release/remove an ankyloglossia. Because of the limited evidence available, no specific surgical method can be favored.Conclusions: The lack of an accepted definition and classification of ankyloglossia makes comparisons between studies almost impossible. Because almost no controlled prospective trials for surgical interventions in patients with tongue‐ties are present in the literature, no conclusive suggestions regarding the method of choice can be made. It also remains controversial which tongue‐ties need to be surgically removed and which can be left to observation.
Bone Microbial Contamination Influences Autogenous Grafting in Sinus Augmentation
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Castillo Ana , Moragues María D. , Pontón José 
Published: August 2009

Background: The oral occurrence of putative microbial pathogens in humans has been documented in health and disease. The presence of periodontopathogens in patients with a history of periodontal disease may have a negative impact on bone regeneration. This investigation was conducted to confirm the presence of periodontal pathogens in bone particles harvested intraorally for maxillary sinus augmentation and to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes 6 to 12 months after bone augmentation.Methods: Culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based identification were performed by paper‐point sampling of intraorally harvested bone particles in a group of 12 maintenance patients undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation. Radiographs were taken to assess and compare bone healing and volume gain at baseline and at 6 to 12 months after augmentation.Results: The presence of periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans], Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia [previously T. forsythensis], Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra [previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros], Campylobacter rectus, enteric Gram‐negative rods, and Dialister pneumosintes) was identified in 10 of 12 patients (83%) by culture, PCR, or both and was associated with greater bone volume loss at 6 months postaugmentation. The PCR‐positive triad, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia, was associated with pronounced volume loss of the grafted sinus at 6 months.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm osseous microbial contamination with major periodontopathogens in individuals undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation with a history of periodontitis. The effect on the grafting outcome translated into bone volume loss in the grafted sinus 6 months postaugmentation. Specific microbial contamination may have an impact on osteogenesis in osseous regeneration.
Aberrant Cementum Phenotype Associated With the Hypophosphatemic Hyp Mouse
Authors: Fong H. , Chu E.Y. , Tompkins K.A. , Foster B.L. , Sitara D. , Lanske B. , Somerman M.J. 
Published: August 2009

Background: Cementogenesis is sensitive to altered local phosphate levels; thus, we hypothesized a cementum phenotype, likely of decreased formation, would be present in the teeth of X‐linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice. Mutations in the phosphate‐regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (Phex) cause X‐linked hypophosphatemia, characterized by rickets, osteomalacia, and hypomineralized dentin formation, a phenotype recapitulated in the Hyp mouse homolog. Here, we report a developmental study of tooth root formation in Hyp mouse molars, focusing on dentin and cementum.Methods: Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to study molar tissues from wild‐type (WT) and Hyp mice. Demineralized and hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissues at developmental stages 23 to 96 days postcoital (dpc) were examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect bone sialoprotein (BSP) distribution in Hyp and WT mouse molar tissues, and transmission electron microscopy was used to study similar molar tissues in the non‐demineralized state.Results: Dentin in Hyp mice exhibited mineralization defects by 33 dpc, as expected, but this defect was partially corrected by 96 dpc. In support of our hypothesis, a cementum phenotype was detected using a combination of immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, which included thinner BSP‐positive staining within the cementum, discontinuous mineralization, and a globular appearance compared to WT controls.Conclusion: Mutations in the phosphate‐regulating Phex gene of the Hyp mouse resulted in defective cementum development.
Technical note: A simple and effective CO 2 delivery system for angiography using a blood bag
Authors: Cherian Mathew P , Mehta Pankaj , Gupta Prashant , Kalyanpur Tejas M , Jayesh SR , Rupa R 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSeveral angiographic techniques have been developed to image the arterial system, the commonest using iodinated contrast media. Useful as they may be, they are not without disadvantages. One other modality is angiography using CO 2 . Although CO 2 can be used as an alternative contrast medium, delivery systems are expensive to procure. We describe an indigenous and effective delivery system developed at our institute.
Toward Highly Efficient Solid‐State White Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Blue‐Green to Red Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes with Imidazole‐Type Ancillary Ligands
Authors: He Lei , Qiao Juan , Duan Lian , Dong Guifang , Zhang Deqiang , Wang Liduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUsing imidazole‐type ancillary ligands, a new class of cationic iridium complexes (1–6) is prepared, and photophysical and electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations are performed. Compared with the widely used bpy (2,2′‐bipyridine)‐type ancillary ligands, imidazole‐type ancillary ligands can be prepared and modified with ease, and are capable of blueshifting the emission spectra of cationic iridium complexes. By tuning the conjugation length of the ancillary ligands, blue‐green to red emitting cationic iridium complexes are obtained. Single‐layer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on cationic iridium complexes show blue‐green to red electroluminescence. High efficiencies of 8.4, 18.6, and 13.2 cd A−1 are achieved for the blue‐green‐emitting, yellow‐emitting, and orange‐emitting devices, respectively. By doping the red‐emitting complex into the blue‐green LEC, white LECs are realized, which give warm‐white light with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.42, 0.44) and color‐rendering indexes (CRI) of up to 81. The peak external quantum efficiency, current efficiency, and power efficiency of the white LECs reach 5.2%, 11.2 cd A−1, and 10 lm W−1, respectively, which are the highest for white LECs reported so far, and indicate the great potential for the use of these cationic iridium complexes in white LECs.
The Materials Science of Functional Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Blamire Mark G. , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Mathur Neil D. , Barber Zoe H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResearch in the area of functional oxides has progressed from study of their basic chemistry and structure to the point at which an enormous range of desirable properties are being explored for potential applications. The primary limitation on exploitation is the difficulty of achieving sufficiently precise control of the properties because of the range of possible defects in such materials and the remarkably strong effect of such defects on the properties. This review outlines the reasons underlying this sensitivity and recent results that demonstrate the levels of control which are now possible.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Benzothiadiazine 1,1‐Dioxide Derivatives by Coupling of 2‐Halobenzenesulfonamides with Amidines
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Liu Hongxia , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua , Hu Liming , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have developed a simple and practical copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide derivativesviacascade reactions of substituted 2‐halobenzenesulfonamides with amidines, and the method is of value for the construction of this kind of molecules with biological and medicinal activities.
Untersuchungen zum Sorptionsverhalten von Holzwerkstoffen
Authors: Niemz Peter , Sonderegger Walter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHolzwerkstoffe werden in zunehmendem Maße im Bauwesen eingesetzt. Es gibt heute vorgefertigte Bausysteme aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen und dabei solche, die auf dem überwiegenden Einsatz von Holzwerkstoffen beruhen. Zwischen Vollholz und Holzwerkstoffen sowie innerhalb der Holzwerkstoffe bestehen deutliche Unterschiede im Sorptionsverhalten, die auf den Klebstoff (Art und Menge), die Herstellungstechnologie (Dämpfen, Trocknen, Verpressen) sowie die damit einhergehende Verdichtung und Temperaturbehandlung zurückzuführen sind.Examination of the sorption characteristics of wood‐based materials.Wood‐based materials are increasingly employed in the building industry. Nowadays, prefabricated construction systems based on a combination of wood and wood‐based materials are available, but also systems using predominantly wood‐based materials. Thereby, distinct differences exist between the sorption characteristics of solid wood and wood‐based materials and also within wood‐based materials due to the bonding (type and portion) and manufacturing (steaming, drying, pressing) and the accompanying compression and heat treatment.
Theoretical Analysis of Heat Integration in a Periodically Operated Cascade of Catalytic Fixed‐Bed Reactors
Authors: Zahn V. M. , Mangold M. , Krasnyk M. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractForced periodic operation can lead to improved reaction processes. Such operation is studied for the example of the application of a cascade of connected adiabatic fixed‐bed reactors to perform catalytic total oxidation. It is shown that the periodic operation of the configuration considered allows an autothermal operation. The concept can outperform classical reverse‐flow operation concerning the reduction of slips of unconverted feed. A simple model based on the assumption of a hypothetical countercurrent of the solid phase is derived and compared with a standard dynamical model of the reactor cascade. By evaluation of steady state profiles and application of bifurcation theory, it is demonstrated that the reduced model describes the limiting case for an infinitely segmented cascade and allows assessment of important properties of the periodic process. It permits a fast and detailed analysis of limit point bifurcations, which result in curves enclosing the region of desired ignited states of the reactor. Using singularity analysis further helps to understand the influence of secondary parameters and to identify operational limits.
Oligo‐ and Polyselenophenes: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zade Sanjio S. , Zamoshchik Natalia , Bendikov Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecently, a family of conducting polyselenophenes was synthesized, and they were shown to have a number of interesting properties. Here we have studied oligoselenophenes, their cation radicals and dications up to the 50‐mer (50 Se), as well as polyselenophene at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, and compared them with the corresponding oligothiophenes. Although the calculations reveal many similarities between oligo‐ and polyselenophenes and their thiophene‐based counterparts, they also show the important differences between those two types of conjugated systems. Oligo‐ and polyselenophenes have a more quinoid character, lower band gap, and importantly, they are more difficult to twist. The theoretical results suggest that the HOMO–LUMO gap (band gap), bond‐length alternation (BLA), and charge distribution in oligo‐ and polyselenophenes are strongly dependent on inter‐ring twisting, yet twisting costs little energy. The inter‐ring distances in oligo‐ and polyselenophenes are shorter than the related distances in oligothiophenes, whereas the bond lengths within the selenophene rings are comparable to those of the corresponding oligothiophenes.
Carbonyl and Oxalyl Bridged Bis(1,5‐Diaminotetrazole)‐Based Energetic Salts
Authors: Joo Young‐Hyuk , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHigh density energetic salts containing nitrogen rich cations and carbonyl‐ or oxalylbis(diamino‐tetrazole) anions, which were obtained from cyanogen azide and hydrazine, were readily synthesized. In every case, a new family of energetic salts 3–14 were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N) NMR, elemental analyses, density, differential scanning calorimetry and impact sensitivity. Compound 12 was structured by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The densities of 3‐14, determined by gas pycnometer, range between 1.500 and 1.676 g cm−3. The heats of formation and detonation properties for these stable salts were calculated by using Gaussian 03 and Cheetah 5.0, respectively.
Columnar Mesophases Controlled by Counterions in Potassium Complexes of Dibenzo[18]crown‐6 Derivatives
Authors: Kaller Martin , Tussetschläger Stefan , Fischer Peter , Deck Christopher , Baro Angelika , Giesselmann Frank , Laschat Sabine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDibenzo[18]crown‐6 derivatives 1 with two lateral tetraalkyloxy o‐terphenyl units were prepared and converted to the corresponding complexes KX⋅1 (X=halide, BF4, PF6, SCN) and NH4PF6⋅1. Complexation was probed by MALDI‐TOF spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Downfield shifts of 1H NMR signals for complexes with soft anions Br, I, SCN, and PF6 indicated the presence of tight ion pairs, whereas complexes with hard anions F, Cl, or BF4 showed no or little shifts. In 13C NMR spectra, upfield shifts were detected for soft anions. The character of the anion also influenced the mesomorphic properties of complexes MX⋅1 (M=K, NH4), which were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and XRD in comparison to neat 1. Hard anions slightly stabilize or even destabilize the mesophase. Soft anions, however, improve the mesomorphic properties yielding mesophases with up to 70 °C phase widths in the case of KI⋅1, KPF6⋅1, and NH4PF6⋅1. For complexes KSCN⋅1 with a soft and bridging anion, the balance between mesophase stabilization and high order is shifted in favor of the plastic crystal phase.
Aminosäuren und die Entstehung des Lebens. Spuren aus dem Weltraum
Authors: Meierhenrich Uwe J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUm die faszinierende Entstehung des Lebens auf der Erde naturwissenschaftlich exakt und aus Sicht eines Chemikers auf molekularer Ebene zu verstehen, werden moderne chemische Experimente geschildert, die die präbiotische Genese von Aminosäuren simulieren. In Laborproben von interstellarem Eis finden sich überraschenderweise nicht nur die klassischen Aminosäuren, die als molekulare Bausteine der Proteine gelten, sondern darüber hinaus Diaminosäuren, die möglicherweise das erste genetische Material auf der Erde bildeten. Die entwickelten Hypothesen werden hoffentlich durch die Europäische Rosetta‐Mission, die ein Landegerät auf einem Kometen absetzen wird, verifiziert.
Blumige Rezeptoren in der Prostata
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSprichwörtlich rutscht einem manchmal das Herz in die Hose. Bochumer Physiologen suchten dort aber nach der Nase. Genauer gesagt: nach Riechrezeptoren. Dabei ist es Zufall, dass nach den Rezeptoren für Maiglöckchen‐Duft auf Spermien nun Veilchen‐Duft Zellen der Prostata aktiviert.
Pyrimidinnucleotide, präbiotisch auf einleuchtendem Weg
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAm Lebensursprung stand nach aller Meinung die RNA‐Welt. Sie hat nur das Manko, dass sich zwei ihrer Nucleotidbausteine, nämlich Uridylsäure und Cytidylsäure auf keine erkenn‐ oder nachvollziehbare Weise spontan in Urdampf oder Ursuppe bilden wollen.
“Chemie – die stimmt!” geht in die 10. Runde
Authors: Schwind Markus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractZu Beginn des neuen Schuljahres startet der 10. Durchgang des Wettbewerbs “Chemie – die stimmt!” für Schüler der 9. und 10. Klassen. Aus dem Wunsch, mehr Schüler für die Chemie zu begeistern, entwickelte sich in 10 Jahren ein Wettbewerb mit Teilnehmerzahlen im vierstelligen Bereich, der heute in sieben Bundesländern ausgetragen wird.
Für die chemischen Sinne
Authors: Kraft Philip 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNach dem überaus positiven Echo auf die erste Rezension über Bücher, die den chemischen Sinn, unseren Geruchssinn, ansprechen, schien eine Aktualisierung nun mehr als überfällig: Neue Geschichten und Romane zum Thema Duft, die nicht nur, aber auch den Chemiker ansprechen!