bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A twin study of body dysmorphic concerns
Authors: Monzani B. , Rijsdijk F. , Anson M. , Iervolino A. C. , Cherkas L. , Spector T. , Mataix-Cols D. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundDysmorphic concern refers to an excessive preoccupation with a perceived or slight defect in physical appearance. It lies on a continuum of severity from no or minimal concerns to severe concerns over one's appearance. The present study examined the heritability of dysmorphic concerns in a large sample of twins.MethodTwins from the St Thomas UK twin registry completed a valid and reliable self-report measure of dysmorphic concerns, which also includes questions about perceived body odour and malfunction. Twin modelling methods (female twins only, n=3544) were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to dysmorphic concerns into additive genetic, shared and non-shared environmental factors.ResultsModel-fitting analyses showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 44% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 36–50%] of the variance in dysmorphic concerns, with non-shared environmental factors and measurement error accounting for the remaining variance (56%; 95% CI 50–63%). Shared environmental factors were negligible. The results remained unchanged when excluding individuals reporting an objective medical condition/injury accounting for their concern in physical appearance.ConclusionsOver-concern with a perceived or slight defect in physical appearance is a heritable trait, with non-shared environmental factors also playing an important role in its causation. The results are relevant for various psychiatric disorders characterized by excessive concerns in body appearance, odour or function, including but not limited to body dysmorphic disorder.
Exactness of the Euclidean algorithm and of the Rauzy induction on the space of interval exchange transformations
Authors: MIERNOWSKI TOMASZ , NOGUEIRA ARNALDO 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe two-dimensional homogeneous Euclidean algorithm is the central motivation for the definition of the classical multidimensional continued fraction algorithms, such as Jacobi–Perron, Poincaré, Brun and Selmer algorithms. The Rauzy induction, a generalization of the Euclidean algorithm, is a key tool in the study of interval exchange transformations. Both maps are known to be dissipative and ergodic with respect to Lebesgue measure. Here we prove that they are exact.
Reconstructing desecuritisation: the normative-political in the Copenhagen School and directions for how to apply it
Authors: HANSEN LENE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe concept of desecuritisation – the move of an issue out of the sphere of security – has been the subject of heated international political theory debate and adopted in case studies across a range of sectors and settings. What unites the political theory and the applied literature is a concern with the normative-political potential of desecuritisation. This article documents the political status and content of desecuritisation through four readings: one which shows how desecuritisation is a Derridarian supplement to the political concept of securitisation; one which traces the understanding of the public sphere's ability to rework the friend-enemy distinction; one which emphasises the role of choice, responsibility, and decisions; and one which uncovers the significance of the historical context of Cold War détente. The last part of the article provides a reading of the varied use of desecuritisation in applied analysis and shows how these can be seen as falling into four forms of desecuritisation. Each of the latter identifies a distinct ontological position as well as a set of more specific political and normative questions.
The epidemiology of human salmonellosis in New Zealand, 1997–2008
Authors: LAL A. , BAKER M. G. , FRENCH N. P. , DUFOUR M. , HALES S. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis study describes the epidemiology of human salmonellosis in New Zealand using notified, hospitalized and fatal cases over a 12-year period (1997–2008). The average annual incidence for notifications was 42·8/100 000 population and 3·6/100 000 population for hospitalizations. Incidence was about twice as high in summer as in winter. Rural areas had higher rates than urban areas (rate ratio 1·23, 95% confidence interval 1·22–1·24 for notifications) and a distinct spring peak. Incidence was highest in the 0–4 years age group (154·2 notifications/100 000 and 11·3 hospitalizations/100 000). Hospitalizations showed higher rates for Māori and Pacific Island populations compared to Europeans, and those living in more deprived areas, whereas notifications showed the reverse, implying that notifications are influenced by health-seeking behaviours.SalmonellaTyphimurium was the dominant serotype followed byS. Enteritidis. For a developed country, salmonellosis rates in New Zealand have remained consistently high suggesting more work is needed to investigate, control and prevent this disease.
A proteomics approach to the study of the molecular consequence of IgE‐mediated cell signalling in RBL‐2H3.1 cells and 2D reference map preparation for the RBL‐2H3.1 cell line
Authors: Sadroddiny Esmaeil , Moir Arthur J G , Helm Birgit A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA highly reproducible 2D (two‐dimensional) map for the proteome and a pattern of protein phosphorylation of high secretory variant of RBL‐2H3 cells (RBL‐2H3.1) (a model cell in allergy studies) in resting and treated cells with IgE or IgE+Ag are presented. Major molecular changes were seen in the proteome of 3 h‐activated cells with IgE+Ag, especially for proteins of ∼17 kDa compared with the control. We have identified 13 proteins on 11 corresponding spots as up‐regulated proteins in response to IgE+Ag activation. Also, protein identification on 55 spots with MALDI—TOF (matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption ionization—time‐of‐flight) and ESI‐MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) resulted in a reliable 2D reference map and an opportunity for the subsequent use of a 1 min‐activated cell map for a phosphoproteomics study.
SCPC: a method to structurally compare protein complexes
Authors: Koike Ryotaro , Ota Motonori 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMotivation: Protein–protein interactions play vital functional roles in various biological phenomena. Physical contacts between proteins have been revealed using experimental approaches that have solved the structures of protein complexes at atomic resolution. To examine the huge number of protein complexes available in the Protein Data Bank, an efficient automated method that compares protein complexes is required.Results: We have developed Structural Comparison of Protein Complexes (SCPC), a novel method to structurally compare protein complexes. SCPC compares the spatial arrangements of subunits in a complex with those in another complex using secondary structure elements. Similar substructures are detected in two protein complexes and the similarity is scored. SCPC was applied to dimers, homo-oligomers and haemoglobins. SCPC properly estimated structural similarities between the dimers examined as well as an existing method, MM-align. Conserved substructures were detected in a homo-tetramer and a homo-hexamer composed of homologous proteins. Classification of quaternary structures of haemoglobins using SCPC was consistent with the conventional classification. The results demonstrate that SCPC is a valuable tool to investigate the structures of protein complexes.Availability: SCPC is available at http://idp1.force.cs.is.nagoya-u.ac.jp/scpc/.Contact: rkoike@is.nagoya-u.ac.jpSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prediction and analysis of nucleotide-binding residues using sequence and sequence-derived structural descriptors
Authors: Chen Ke , Mizianty Marcin J. , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Nucleotides are multifunctional molecules that are essential for numerous biological processes. They serve as sources for chemical energy, participate in the cellular signaling and they are involved in the enzymatic reactions. The knowledge of the nucleotide–protein interactions helps with annotation of protein functions and finds applications in drug design.
Results: We propose a novel ensemble of accurate high-throughput predictors of binding residues from the protein sequence for ATP, ADP, AMP, GTP and GDP. Empirical tests show that our NsitePred method significantly outperforms existing predictors and approaches based on sequence alignment and residue conservation scoring. The NsitePred accurately finds more binding residues and binding sites and it performs particularly well for the sites with residues that are clustered close together in the sequence. The high predictive quality stems from the usage of novel, comprehensive and custom-designed inputs that utilize information extracted from the sequence, evolutionary profiles, several sequence-predicted structural descriptors and sequence alignment. Analysis of the predictive model reveals several sequence-derived hallmarks of nucleotide-binding residues; they are usually conserved and flanked by less conserved residues, and they are associated with certain arrangements of secondary structures and amino acid pairs in the specific neighboring positions in the sequence.
Availability: http://biomine.ece.ualberta.ca/nSITEpred/
Contact: lkurgan@ece.ualberta.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Triterpene Functional Genomics in Licorice for Identification of CYP72A154 Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glycyrrhizin
Authors: Seki Hikaru , Sawai Satoru , Ohyama Kiyoshi , Mizutani Masaharu , Ohnishi Toshiyuki , Sudo Hiroshi , Fukushima Ery Odette , Akashi Tomoyoshi , Aoki Toshio , Saito Kazuki , Muranaka Toshiya 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin derived from the underground parts of Glycyrrhiza plants (licorice), has several pharmacological activities and is also used worldwide as a natural sweetener. The biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin involves the initial cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to the triterpene skeleton β-amyrin, followed by a series of oxidative reactions at positions C-11 and C-30, and glycosyl transfers to the C-3 hydroxyl group. We previously reported the identification of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene encoding β-amyrin 11-oxidase (CYP88D6) as the initial P450 gene in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. In this study, a second relevant P450 (CYP72A154) was identified and shown to be responsible for C-30 oxidation in the glycyrrhizin pathway. CYP72A154 expressed in an engineered yeast strain that endogenously produces 11-oxo-β-amyrin (a possible biosynthetic intermediate between β-amyrin and glycyrrhizin) catalyzed three sequential oxidation steps at C-30 of 11-oxo-β-amyrin supplied in situ to produce glycyrrhetinic acid, a glycyrrhizin aglycone. Furthermore, CYP72A63 of Medicago truncatula, which has high sequence similarity to CYP72A154, was able to catalyze C-30 oxidation of β-amyrin. These results reveal a function of CYP72A subfamily proteins as triterpene-oxidizing enzymes and provide a genetic tool for engineering the production of glycyrrhizin.
Crystallization of a 79 kDa fragment of the hook protein FlgE from Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Kido Yasuji , Yoon Young-Ho , Samatey Fadel A. 
Published: December 2011

A 79 kDa fragment of the bacterial flagellar hook protein FlgE from Campylobacter jejuni was cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. Two different crystal forms were obtained. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction data showed that the first crystal form, which diffracted to 4.9 Å resolution, belonged to the tetragonal crystal system, with space group I4122 and unit-cell parameters a = b = 186.2, c = 386.6 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The second crystal form diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution and belonged to the monoclinic crystal system, with space group P21 and unit-cell parameters a = 75.7, b = 173.8, c = 150.8 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 106.5°. SeMet protein was also overexpressed, purified and crystallized, and a 2.6 Å resolution MAD data set was collected.
Relationships within Podocarpaceae based on DNA sequence, anatomical, morphological, and biogeographical data
Authors: Knopf Patrick , Schulz Christian , Little Damon P. , Stützel Thomas , Stevenson Dennis W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite considerable recent progress in understanding intergeneric relationships, a comprehensive analysis of Podocarpaceae at the species level using molecular data, biogeography, anatomy, and morphology has not been previously attempted. Here we present sequence analyses of rbcL, nrITS1 and NEEDLY intron 2 for two‐thirds (183 accessions of 145 taxa) of all Podocarpaceae species representing all genera except Parasitaxus. These analyses include many more species and accessions than previous studies and result in a more resolved phylogeny. The comprehensive anatomical and morphological study ensures that the identification of taxa is correct and also provides clade support. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were used to resolve 20 well‐supported monophyletic groups including 11 groups of the formerly poorly resolved subgenera Podocarpus and Foliolatus. The well‐resolved topology is supported by anatomical and morphological features and is highly congruent with geographical distribution.© The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
Smokeless tobacco use related to military deployment, cigarettes and mental health symptoms in a large, prospective cohort study among US service members
Authors: Hermes Eric D. A. , Wells Timothy S. , Smith Besa , Boyko Edward J. , Gackstetter Gary G. , Miller Shannon C. , Smith Tyler C. ,   Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To characterize smokeless tobacco initiation and persistence in relation to deployment, combat, occupation, smoking and mental health symptoms.Design  Prospective cohort, utilizing self‐reported survey data from the Millennium Cohort Study.Setting  US military service members in all branches including active duty, reserve and National Guard.Participants  Population‐based sample of 45 272 participants completing both baseline (July 2001–June 2003; n = 77 047) and follow‐up (June 2004–January 2006; n = 55 021) questionnaires (follow‐up response rate = 71.4%).Measurements  Self‐reported smokeless tobacco initiation and persistence.Findings  Over the study period, 72.4% did not deploy, 13.7% deployed without combat exposures and 13.9% deployed with combat exposures, while 1.9% were smokeless tobacco initiators and 8.9% were persistent users. The odds of initiation were greater for deployers with combat exposure [odds ratio (OR), 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49–2.09], deployers without combat exposure (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07–1.60) and those who deployed multiple times (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.31–2.14), as well as in smoking recidivists/initiators (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 3.82–5.66) and those reporting post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms (OR, 1.54; CI, 1.15–2.07). A similar pattern for higher odds of persistent use was observed for deployment and combat exposure, but not for smoking and mental health symptoms. Military occupation was not significantly associated with initiation or persistence.Conclusions  Deployment and combat exposure in the US military are associated with increased risk of smokeless tobacco initiation and persistence while smoking and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder increase the odds for initiation. Research is needed on aspects of military service amenable to the reduction or prevention of tobacco consumption.
Geographic mosaics of plant–soil microbe interactions in a global plant invasion
Authors: Andonian Krikor , Hierro José L. , Khetsuriani Liana , Becerra Pablo I. , Janoyan Grigor , Villareal Diego , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Fox Laurel R. , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  Our aim in this study was to document the global biogeographic variation in the effects of soil microbes on the growth of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle; Asteraceae), a species that has been introduced throughout the world, but has become highly invasive only in some introduced regions.Location To assess biogeographic variation in plant–soil microbe interactions, we collected seeds and soils from native Eurasian C. solstitialis populations and introduced populations in California, Argentina and Chile.Methods  To test whether escape from soil‐borne natural enemies may contribute to the success of C. solstitialis, we compared the performance of plants using seeds and soils collected from each of the biogeographic regions in greenhouse inoculation/sterilization experiments.Results We found that soil microbes had pervasive negative effects on plants from all regions, but these negative effects were significantly weaker in soils from non‐native ranges in Chile and California than in those from the non‐native range in Argentina and the native range in Eurasia.Main conclusions  The biogeographic differences in negative effects of microbes in this study conformed to the enemy‐release hypothesis (ERH) overall, but the strong negative effect of soil biota in Argentina, where C. solstitialis is invasive, and weaker effects in Chile where it is not, indicated that different factors influencing invasion are likely to occur in large scale biogeographic mosaics of interaction strengths.
Feedback as a strategy to change behaviour: the devil is in the details
Authors: Larson Elaine L. , Patel Sameer J. , Evans David , Saiman Lisa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground  Performance feedback is one of a number of strategies used to improve clinical practice among students and clinicians.Objectives  The aims of this paper were to examine conceptual underpinnings and essential components for audit and feedback strategies, to assess the extent to which recently published audit and feedback interventions include these components and to recommend future directions for feedback to improve its educational and behavioural impact.Methods  Based on the actionable feedback model, we examined the presence of four theoretical constructs – timeliness, individualization, lack of punitiveness and customizability – in studies published during 2009–2010 which included a feedback intervention.Results  There was wide variation in the definition, implementation and outcomes of ‘feedback’ interventions, making it difficult to compare across studies. None of the studies we reviewed included all of the components of the actionable feedback model.Conclusions  Feedback interventions reported to date, even when results are positive, often fail to include concepts of behaviour change. This may partially explain the large variation in approaches and in results of such interventions and presents major challenges for replicating any given intervention. If feedback processes are to be successfully used and disseminated and implemented widely, some standardization and certainly more clarity is needed in the specific action steps taken to apply behavioural theory to practice.
Barriers to and enablers of evidence‐based practice in perinatal care in the SEA‐ORCHID project
Authors: Turner Tari , Short Jacki ,   SEA‐ORCHID Study Group
Published: December 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  The South‐East Asia Optimising Reproductive and Child Health in Developing Countries (SEA‐ORCHID) project aimed to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies in nine hospitals in South‐East Asia by supporting evidence‐based perinatal health care. In this research, we aimed to identify and explore the factors that may have acted as barriers to or enablers of evidence‐based practice change at each of the hospitals.Methods  During the final 6 months of the intervention phase of the project, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews were undertaken with 179 nurses, midwives and doctors from the maternal and neonatal departments at each of the nine participating South‐East Asian hospitals.Results  The interviews identified several factors that participants believed had a substantial impact on the effectiveness of the SEA‐ORCHID intervention. These included knowledge, skills, hierarchy, multidisciplinarity and leadership, beliefs about consequences, resources, and the nature of the behaviours. The success of the SEA‐ORCHID intervention in improving practice may reflect the extent to which tailored strategies were effective in overcoming these barriers.Conclusion  Effective interventions to align practice with evidence rely on identifying and addressing barriers to practice change. The barriers identified in this study may be useful for those designing similar clinical practice improvement projects, as well as for continued efforts to improve practice in the SEA‐ORCHID hospitals.
Chemosensory responsiveness to ethanol and its individual sensory components in alcohol‐preferring, alcohol‐nonpreferring and genetically heterogeneous rats
Authors: Brasser Susan M. , Silbaugh Bryant C. , Ketchum Myles J. , Olney Jeffrey J. , Lemon Christian H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAlcohol activates orosensory circuits that project to motivationally relevant limbic forebrain areas that control appetite, feeding and drinking. To date, limited data exists regarding the contribution of chemosensory‐derived ethanol reinforcement to ethanol preference and consumption. Measures of taste reactivity to intra‐orally infused ethanol have not found differences in initial orofacial responses to alcohol between alcohol‐preferring (P) and alcohol‐non‐preferring (NP) genetically selected rat lines. Yet, in voluntary intake tests, P rats prefer highly concentrated ethanol upon initial exposure, suggesting an early sensory‐mediated attraction. Here, we directly compared self‐initiated chemosensory responding for alcohol and prototypic sweet, bitter and oral trigeminal stimuli among selectively bred P, NP and non‐selected Wistar (WI) outbred lines to determine whether differential sensory responsiveness to ethanol and its putative sensory components are phenotypically associated with genetically influenced alcohol preference. Rats were tested for immediate short‐term lick responses to alcohol (3–40%), sucrose (0.01–1 M), quinine (0.01–3 mM) and capsaicin (0.003–1 mM) in a brief‐access assay designed to index orosensory‐guided behavior. P rats exhibited elevated short‐term lick responses to both alcohol and sucrose relative to NP and WI lines across a broad range of concentrations of each stimulus and in the absence of blood alcohol levels that would produce significant post‐absorptive effects. There was no consistent relationship between genetically mediated alcohol preference and orosensory avoidance of quinine or capsaicin. These data indicate that enhanced initial chemosensory attraction to ethanol and sweet stimuli are phenotypes associated with genetic alcohol preference and are considered within the framework of downstream activation of oral appetitive reward circuits.