bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of indigenously developed computer-based binocular vision assessment
Authors: Kumar P. Praveen , Shajahan T. , Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana 
Published: May 2024

CONTEXT:
The increased prevalence of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVA) has given rise to the need for cost-effective screening and diagnostic tools.

AIMS:
The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of an indigenously developed computer-based binocular vision assessment software (Train Your Eyes®) in screening NSBVA.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Subjects who visited the binocular vision clinic of a tertiary eye care center with asthenopic symptoms between January 2019 and January 2020 were included in the study. Patients with other ocular comorbidities and stereopsis poorer than 500 arc seconds were excluded. All subjects underwent a comprehensive eye examination followed by binocular vision assessment using both the manual and computer-based methods.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to choose the cut-off points that maximize the sensitivity and specificity.

RESULTS:
The mean (standard deviation) age of 88 subjects was 22 (4.5) years with 34 males. Based on the conventional manual assessment, 71 (81%) were diagnosed to have NSBVA and 17 (19%) had normal binocular vision. Based on the ROC analysis, the following cut-off points are proposed: 14 prism diopter (PD) for near positive fusional vergence amplitudes, 4.5 PD for near negative fusional vergence amplitudes, 4.5 cycles per minute (cpm) for binocular accommodative facility, and 3.5 cpm for monocular accommodative facility. All the binocular vision parameters demonstrated statistical significance in the ROC analysis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The software-based screening tool was found to be highly sensitive in identifying NSBVA and thus could be used as a potential screening tool in the clinic and community.
Extent of glaucomatous damage on the first presentation
Authors: Bhedasgaonkar Sayali , Nadkarni Snehal U. 
Published: May 2024

AIM:
The aim is to determine the magnitude of glaucomatous damage in the asymptomatic subjects identified with primary glaucoma for the first time and thus to evaluate the significance and efficacy of screening measures for glaucoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An observational retrospective cohort study of 100 asymptomatic patients of age more than 40 years, diagnosed with and under treatment for primary glaucoma was performed. Patients were categorized into having early, moderate, and severe glaucoma, according to standard automated perimetry (SAP) mean deviation (MD) in the worse eye (<−6, −6 to −12 and >−12 dB, respectively). Risk factors were correlated with the severity of glaucoma at presentation and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS:
About 32%, 33%, and 35% of patients were found to have early, moderate, and severe stages of glaucoma with average MD of −3.51 ±1.53, −8.65 ±1.64, −17.15 ± 5.13 on SAP, respectively. The association of risk factors such as age (P = 0.006) and glaucoma awareness (P = 0.044) with the severity of glaucoma was statistically significant. There was no direct statistical correlation found between gender, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, the angle width, and the severity of glaucoma in our study.

CONCLUSION:
Majority of cases with primary glaucoma show no symptoms until advanced irreversible stages. Early screening and proper treatment are the only ways to halt its progression. In spite of available facilities, 68% of patients in our study were found to have moderate-to-severe stages of glaucoma. This indicates that our screening measures should reach the masses at the primary level, with a focus on awareness programs.
Transcaruncular medial orbitotomy: A globe sparing intervention in management of COVID associated mucormycosis [CAM]
Authors: Katti Venkatram , Ramamurthy Lakshmi B. , Seetalakshmi DK , Prakash Anoosha 
Published: May 2024

AIMS:
To describe a novel method of transcaruncular medial orbitotomy, local debridement and amphotericin B irrigation into orbit for COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Also to evaluate its its outcome in controlling the disease, increasing the survival rate and as a globe-sparing intervention in them.

METHODOLOGY:
A total of ten COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients with clinical and radiological evidence of orbital involvement with necrotic tissue localized in medial orbit were considered for our study. A transcaruncular modified medial orbitotomy with medial and inferomedial orbit debridement was done along with placement of scalp vein catheter by a single surgeon. Postoperatively 3.5 mg/ml liposomal amphotericin B irrigation through the catheter was done for 5 sittings. Correction of underlying systemic conditions and intravenous antifungals were given. Clinical response to the procedure was noted on postoperative week 1, week 4, and 3rd month (week 12).

RESULTS:
The mean age group was noted to be 49.9 years with a male: female ratio of 2.3:1. All patients were diabetics with 5 being newly detected diabetes after COVID infection. All the ten patients showed significant clinical improvement at the first follow-up (week 1). Five patients at 1st month showed clinical and radiological improvement, while one patient had worsening of orbital disease for which exenteration was done. Three patients succumbed to the disease due to altered cardiopulmonary status and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. All 6 survived patients were stable till the last follow-up. Hence, mortality rate accounted to 30% and globe survival of 40% in the current study.

CONCLUSION:
Transcaruncular approach to orbit for adequate debridement combined with amphotericin irrigation is a novel technique that can be considered for compartmental involvement of orbit in mucormycosis. Debridement removes the necrotic tissue, while local amphotericin irrigation directly reaches the target tissues that effectively halts the disease progression and hence can be considered an effective globe-sparing intervention without affecting the disease outcome.
Visual outcomes and factors predictive of visual loss in Behcet's disease in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
Authors: Al Kharousi Nadiya , Khalfan Alnaabi Khalfan Salim , Almahrouqi Omar , Mal Washoo 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to evaluate the visual outcomes and associated factors in Omani patients with Behcet's disease (BD).

METHODOLOGY:
This is a descriptive retrospective analytical cohort study. All Omani patients of age 5–65 years with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of BD having ocular manifestation who attended the Rheumatology and Ophthalmology clinics at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman from January 2018 to October 2020. The demographic data, clinical findings, systemic, and ocular examination of all the recruited patients were retrieved from the electronic patient record.

RESULTS:
The study included 31 male and 16 female participants. The median age is 29.7 ± 10.6 years. Most patients with ocular manifestations presented in the third decade of their life (21–30 years' age). The most common ocular manifestations in our study were uveitis (91.5%) followed by vitritis (40.4%), and retinal vasculitis (36.2%). The most common ocular complications in order of frequency were cataract (27.7%), posterior synechiae (23.4%), and cystoid macular edema (21.2%). In this study, 22.7% of the patients with BD-related ocular manifestations reported severe visual loss. In addition, when adding the patients with severe visual loss secondary to complications such as secondary glaucoma and optic nerve atrophy, the severe visual loss cumulatively reported being 50% for both groups.

CONCLUSION:
The clinical characteristics of ocular manifestations in BD in Oman are similar to data from studies that have been conducted in other countries. However, our study found that the severity of ocular manifestations was more dominant among females. This study finding can be helpful for clinicians to predict ocular manifestations of BD to plan a timely follow-up and subsequently prevent further severe complications or visual loss.
Impact of COVID-19-related lockdown on retinal disorders treated with intravitreal injections
Authors: Brar Manpreet , Grewal Satinder Pal Singh , Grewal Dilraj S , Sharma Mansi , Dogra Mangat Ram 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
To study functional changes in vision and morphological changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans in patients where intravitreal therapy (IVT) with injections has been delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

METHODS:
Retrospective cross-sectional study included 77 eyes with the diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO), regularly receiving IVT with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) injections or dexamethasone implant and were not able to receive the injections as intended due to lockdown. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and qualitative morphological features on OCT were analyzed pre- and post-therapy break off.

RESULTS:
The mean duration of IVT break-off was 57 days. Mean BCVA logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) worsened from 0.33 (20/42) to 0.35 (40/44) (P = 0.02) and mean CFT increased from 297.90 μm to 402.16 μm (P < 0.01), from pretherapy break-off to return visit. Worsening of the visual acuity was seen across all the three disease cohorts, significantly more in the eyes with eAMD.

CONCLUSION:
Marginal decline in the visual acuity and worsening of the OCT features were observed as a result of delay in the IVT injections of DME, eAMD and RVO patients.
A comparative clinical study of postoperative care by teleophthalmology and in-person consultation at hospital outpatient department after an uncomplicated cataract surgery
Authors: Dole Kuldeep , Pakhale Sneha , Gandhi Anuprita , Deshpande Madan , Deshpande Rahul , Kulkarni Sucheta 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Teleophthalmology provides an opportunity to conduct consultations in far-flung and remote areas that have no access to specialized eye care. However, there is a paucity of studies to assess the effect of missing in-person follow-up on initial postoperative visits. The study thus aims to compare postoperative satisfaction and uncorrected distance visual activity after an uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients with teleconsultation approach to those with hospital visit.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The prospective observation study (n = 240) was conducted in patients who underwent surgery for cataract. Pre- and post-operative data were collected and divided into two groups based on the type of postoperative follow-up. All patients were scheduled for ophthalmic reviews in the hospital on day 1, day 7, and day 30–40 (hospital visit group) or through teleconsultation on days 1 and 7 followed by a hospital visit on days 30–40 (teleconsultation group). Outcomes evaluated in both groups were complications, patient satisfaction, and uncorrected distance visual acuity.

RESULTS:
Most patients in both groups were in the age group of 51–70 years. Overall satisfaction was comparable in teleconsultation and hospital visit groups (3.74 ± 0.23 vs. 3.72 ± 0.27; P = 0.22). The majority of patients had visual acuity 6/18-6/6 on postoperative day 1, day 7, and day 30–40 in both groups. Lid edema, pain, redness, watering, and congestion complications were more in the hospital visit group on postoperative day 1.

CONCLUSION:
The study concludes that patients with no preexisting ocular and systemic comorbidity undergoing an uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery teleconsultation approach can be used for follow-up without any impact on the postoperative visual outcome and patient satisfaction, thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of health-care system.
Preeruptive intracoronal resorption
Authors: Clark Kendra , Tahmasbi Mehrnaz , Augsburger Robert A. , Jalali Poorya 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Preeruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) is described as the cavitation of intracoronal dentin just below the dentinoenamel junction in the coronal portion of an unerupted tooth. The aim of this study was to analyze cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of teeth affected by PEIR and report the radiographic findings.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, a total of 26 CBCT scans including 33 PEIR-affected teeth were evaluated. The following data were documented: age, sex, affected tooth, presence and location of enamel/cementum disruption, lesion extension, radiographic distance of lesion to the pulp, pericoronal radiolucency, and periapical radiolucency.

Results:
Third molars were the primary teeth affected (88%). A radiographic disruption of the external surface of the tooth was noted in all cases. Disruption of the enamel only was observed in 29 cases, followed by disruption of enamel and cementum in two cases, and disruption of the cementum only in two cases. Twenty-one cases (64%) showed lesions extending to or above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and 12 cases (36%) displayed lesions extending below the CEJ. In 21 cases, the lesion progressed close to the root canal system, leaving <1 mm of dentin. However, due to the limitations of CBCT imaging, resorptive pulpal exposure could not be accurately determined. One case exhibited a pericoronal radiolucency, whereas none of the 33 cases displayed signs of a periapical radiolucency.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that PEIR is a form of external resorption. CBCT is a viable tool for the identification of cases with PEIR, and for determining the extent of the resorptive defect.
Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block in irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Gupta Alpa , Aneja Kritika , Wadhwa Jitesh , Aggarwal Vivek , Sidhu Sejal , Mehta Namrata 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The inflammatory conditions of pulp often lead to pain which is managed by adequate anesthesia. Achieving optimum anesthethic effect in such conditions is difficult; therefore, various supplemental techniques have been used to enhance the effect. Premedication is one such technique vastly studied. This study aimed to critically analyze the systematic reviews, including their respective meta-analyses, to summarize the data regarding the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Materials and Methods:
The protocol was formulated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist, and the formulated PICO question was “Is there any effect of oral premedication with NSAIDs on the anesthetic success of IANB in irreversible pulpitis?” The reviews were analyzed using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR).

Results:
Twelve reviews were selected, out of which three were finally included for detailed analysis and their AMSTAR scores were 'high.' Individual meta-analyses results pointed toward the anesthetic success of IANB with NSAIDs as oral premedication.

Conclusion:
The current overview justifies the use of NSAIDs by highlighting the supporting and conflicting data of each systematic review.
Assessment of quality of life among dental practitioners using magnification devices during nonsurgical root canal treatment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Boreak Nezar Mohammed , Shabi Afnan Yahya , Alshawkani Hamed Ahmed Ali , Ageeli Walaa Aqeel , Madhhali Zainab Mousa , Al Juman Abdulrahman Saeed , Shibli Ahmed Ali , Najmi Hussain Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
This study was conducted to assess the effect of magnification devices (MDs) during nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT) on quality of life

(
QOL) among dental professionals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The dental practitioners performing endodontic treatment were evaluated for ergonomic, postural, psychological, and financial issues associated with and without the use of MDs.

Materials and Methodology:
A total of 1650 dental professionals (general dentists and endodontists) were recruited from public and private sectors of Saudi Arabia from October 2021 to December 2021. The World Health Organization's QOL assessment questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was administered to conduct the study. The questionnaire addressed four domains of QOL which included physical, psychological, procedural, and financial. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software® version 23.0. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, and unpaired t-test were used.

Results:
All dental professionals completed the survey. 41.5% reported the use of MDs out of which dental loupe was most commonly used. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequent physical difficulty which was faced by 61.5% of dental practitioners while performing RCT. 80% of DPs revealed that MDs improve manual abilities while performing RCT. MDs also relieved psychological, physical, and postural stress by 49.2%, 64.6%, and 63%, respectively. Further 72% of the dental professionals reported improved quality of work after the usage of MD.

Conclusion:
MDs are commonly used by dental professionals during RCT in Saudi Arabia. It is believed that its use can lead to a better ergonomic, postural, and psychological state of these dental professionals.
Assessment of adult oral health literacy among patients visiting Government dental college, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Gurung Deepak , Bhardwaj Vinay Kumar , Fotedar Shailee , Thakur Arun Singh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The major role of oral health literacy (OHL) lies in the utilization of health services as low literacy leads to reduced participation and engagement in preventive health programs.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the adult OHL among patients visiting the Tertiary care institute in north India.

Materials and Methods:
The source of data for this descriptive qualitative study was patient visiting the outpatient department. Data collection procedure included information obtained from the subject recorded on a structured pro forma using OHL-Adults Questionnaire. Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Bonferroni test, and Spearman's rho correlation were applied. Multiple logistic regressions were used and the dependent variable (OHL) was regressed for predicted independent variables. Parameter estimate of inadequate and marginal OHL for various predictor variables was regressed considering the adequate OHL as standard reference.

Results:
The inadequate literacy score was statistically significant for age, educational qualification, and number of times of visit to dentist in lifetime in the final regression model. The marginal score was significant for age, educational qualification, and frequency of visit to dentist in the final regression model.

Conclusion:
Total dental visit in lifetime is an important indicator for better OHL in this study. Orientation of oral health promotion programs requires due importance for both the marginal and inadequate OHL.
An overview of leprosy with its oral manifestations
Authors: Singh Manisha , Sawhney Hemant , Mishra Richa , Kumar Jayant 
Published: May 2024

Background:Leprosy is caused byMycobacterium lepraewhich most commonly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The other sites of leprosy include the liver, kidneys, eyes, oral mucosa, lymph nodes, bones and joints, and gonads. The oral involvement in leprosy includes the tongue, lips, hard palate, buccal mucosa, uvula, faucial pillars, and involvement of gums.Aim:The aim of this comprehensive review is to create the awareness among dental professionals about the classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management, reactions of leprosy, and oral aspects of leprosy. The awareness among dental professionals will help in the early detection and treatment of leprosy patients.Methods:The comprehensive data were obtained based on the electronic data search about the classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, and oral aspects of leprosy on Google Scholar and PubMed.Results:A total of 14 articles were selected for the purpose of classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, and oral aspects of leprosy.Conclusion:The oral examination of these patients will be helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy patients.
A comprehensive look at magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Subharina Mahapatra , Manjula Hebbale , Amit Mhapuskar , Simran Singh 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
High-resolution pictures of soft tissue may be obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sophisticated chemical and physical data may be gathered using this spectroscopic approach, which depends on the magnetic resonance principle as its base.

Aim:
The purpose of this article was to provide a short overview of MRI, different contrast agents in MRI, its use in oral medicine, its contraindications, and the most recent MRI discoveries and artifacts related to MRI.

Methods:
An online search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to locate articles that dealt with MRI, oral medicine, recent advancements, dental applications, and contrast agents. The search was limited to studies that were published before March 2022.

Results:
A total of 31 articles were included and analyzed for this review.

Conclusion:
MRI is more sensitive than other imaging modalities in the diagnosis of soft tissue in the head-and-neck area; the use of three-dimensional imaging will expand further advancements in this imaging modality.
Aromatherapy for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jian-Ying , Huang Hsueh-Yang , Chu Wan-O , Peng Tzu-Rong , Lee Ming-Chia , Chen Shih-Ming , Lee Jen-Ai 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications following surgical procedures. While drug-based treatments are standard, there is increasing interest in nonpharmacological alternatives, such as aromatherapy, due to potential benefits and minimal side effects. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy in preventing PONV.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for studies published up to May 2023. The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of interventions that examined the impact of aromatherapy on PONV. The risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was employed to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.

Results:
Eleven studies were selected for review, with eight RCTs included in the meta-analysis. Aromatherapy effectively reduced postoperative nausea severity (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.64 to −0.22; P = 0.010), but the reduction in vomiting episodes was not statistically significant (SMD: −0.81, 95% CI: −1.98-0.37; P = 0.180). Subgroup analysis indicated that ginger essence, lavender, and peppermint oils were particularly effective in managing postoperative nausea. However, due to significant statistical heterogeneity and potential biases in the studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. The certainty of the evidence, as evaluated by the GRADE approach, was low.

Conclusion:
Preliminary evidence supports the potential benefit of aromatherapy in reducing the severity of postoperative nausea. However, given the low certainty of current evidence, more rigorous and standardized research is needed. The safety, affordability, and potential benefits to patient comfort make aromatherapy a promising area for further research in postoperative care.