bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Féminisme et vacuité dans l'univers Abhirati
Authors: Dantinne Jean 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe leading role played by women in the Universe Abhirati, Aksobhya's Buddhafield, distinguishes it sharply from other buddhaksetra If we bear in mind that the pessimistic views concerning women, expressed in the majority of Mahāyānic sūtras, will finally prevail, the specific ideas expressed in the Chinese and Tibetan translations of the Aksobhyavyūha should receive due consideration.In this sūtra, the emptiness of the dharmas is indubitably related to the Perfection of Wisdom (prajñāpāramitā) and imbued with a definite salvation-power, although it can hardly be on a par with the realistic description of Abhirati and the fluctuating religious doctrine of the early stage of Mahāyāna, to which two of the lost Indian versions of the Aksobhyavyūha might have belonged.
Le droit a l'adhyayana selon la Mīmāsā
Authors: Verpoorten Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper is a short survey of five Mīmāmsā authors-in chronological order, Śabara, Kumārila, Prabhākara, Śālikanātha, Pārthāsārathi Miśra - in reference to the right (adhikāra) of learning by heart the Veda (adhyayana). More or less explicitly, they dismiss it for the social class of the śūdra, and their gloss on the first sūtra of the śūdra is highlighted with the help of this view. The paper summarizes also a number of points raised by this complicated sūtra.
Les noms de l'expiation dans le vidēvdāt
Authors: Vleminck Serge 
Published: March 2012

AbstractL'analyse philologique du Vidēvdāt laisse apparaître une conception particulière de l'expiation. Celle-ci est envisagée comme une sorte de transaction: il s'agit de remettre en ordre la situation désorganisée par la transgression. Le responsable fournit une réparation (ciā-), qui va à l'encontre de (paititay-) la faute. Ce paitita- rétablit l'ordre (par-), de manière à neutraliser (uzuuar∂z-) le mal accompli: le fidèle restera ainsi en ordre vis-à-vis de sa religion. En outre, cette démarche remet le pêcheur, que sa mauvaise action a souillé, en état de participer au culte (yaozdā-).
Reading Augustine through Erasmus' Eyes: Humanist Scholarship and Paratextual Guidance in the Wake of the Reformation
Authors: Visser Arnoud 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article investigates Erasmus' edition of the collected works of Augustine of Hippo (Basel 1528–1529) as an example of the interaction between the scholarly culture of Renaissance humanism and the Reformation. It examines how Erasmus' reservations about Augustine's thought informed his presentation of the church father as a brilliant bishop but a mediocre writer. It shows how Erasmus' humanist perspective and theological agenda guided—and at times misguided—his editorial practice, such as in the assessment of authenticity. The result was an edition in which Augustine's works were framed by a highly ideological textual apparatus, which proved especially controversial in post-Tridentine Catholic circles.
From Discourse Politics to Rule of Law: A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Regional Ethnic Autonomy in China
Authors: Chunli Xia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article is a macro study on China's regional ethnic autonomy (REA). Using a constructivist approach, it takes the evolution and development of REA as a process transforming from discourse politics to rule of law. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the minority groups, the international human rights advocacy network and the UN human rights mechanisms and other actors have participated in this process, and they use the strategies of promising, encouraging, shaming and mobilising. In this article, the process of REA transformation will be divided into five stages: self-entrapment, tightening-up, discursive-practices stage, regulative stage and practices-consistent stage. It is expected that in the final stage, genuine rule of law and well-institutionalised democracy will be established by which minority rights and their autonomous power could be fully respected, well protected and facilitated.
Ancient Glass in a Philological Context
Authors: Stern E. Marianne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis contribution aims to reach linguists and lexicographers as well as generalists and scholars concerned with editing, commenting on, and translating Greek and Latin texts mentioning glass. The article takes the form of eleven stand-alone numbered sections, each addressing individual passages in ancient authors, in the order described below, followed by discussions of the Greek words for glass (kuanos, lithos (khutê), hualos). In particular, it proposes solutions to passages that have baffled editors of ancient texts (Hdt. 3.24; POxy. 3536); it alerts the reader to passages that have been reinterpreted in the light of advances in our understanding of ancient production techniques (Petr. Sat. 51; Plin. Nat. 36.193; Str. 16.2.25) or are placed in a novel context by recent archaeological research (Ar. Ach. 72-3; Ar. Nu. 768; Ath. 5.199f; Diocletian's Price Edict 16.1-9). In order to facilitate consultation and avoid unnecessary repetition, each section addresses one single issue while providing comprehensive background for that issue. An index of citations and Greek and Latin words guides the reader to all sections in which they are discussed; a second index lists subjects relating to ancient glass and (modern) glass terminology.
Structure and Stagecraft in Plautus' Miles Gloriosus
Authors: Maurice Lisa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver recent years it has been recognised that Plautus often uses metatheatricality to underscore the artificiality of his plays, and the Miles Gloriosus has been highlighted as a particularly metatheatrical play. Metatheatricality is strengthened by the structure of the play, which consists of two balanced symmetrical tricks. Both tricks are built of parallel balancing scenes that centre around, and highlight, acting and roleplay. This structure deepens the impact of the metatheatrical elements running throughout the play, inducing a greater awareness of the artificiality of the events being acted out on the stage, as each trick stresses the idea of role assumption and drama as a central theme. By emphasising the nature of roleplay, the structure of the Miles highlights the power of drama. The audience observe the duping of Sceledrus, and witness Pyrgopolynices' posturing and the illusion which he believes to be truth, but fools no one. They are then able to contrast this with Palaestrio's acting ability, which does convince his intended audience. The Miles Gloriosus underscores the paradoxical nature of drama, which convinces despite being based on nothing more than illusion; the play thus demonstrates that herein lies the power of true drama.
The Description of the Palace in Seneca Thyestes 641-82 and the Literary Unity of the Play
Authors: Faber Riemer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the ongoing debate concerning the performability of Senecan tragedy, the plays tend to be studied as either literature or drama. One consequence of this artificial distinction is that set passages such as descriptiones loci appear to support the view that Seneca's plays were intended for public reading, as 'recitation drama'. By means of a close examination of the messenger's description of the palace of Atreus (Thyestes 641-82) in the context of the play as whole, this article suggests that the description functions as a structural device that provides unity to the text of the play.
A Perfect Send-off : Suetonius and the Dying Art of Augustus (Suetonius, Aug. 99)
Authors:   Wardle
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper offers a study of the way in which Suetonius presents the final hours of the emperor Augustus. Against the view that Suetonius presents Augustus as the arch-hypocrite, carrying through to his last minutes the pretence of goodness, through a philological and historiographical analysis, I suggest that every detail contributes to a picture of the paradeigmatic death of the good emperor. Augustus' words and actions demonstrate his clear conscience and concern for empire and family.
O bonheurs du peuple dont Yhwh est le Dieu Nouvelle étude structurelle du psaume 144
Authors: Auffret Pierre 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSince the proposals made some time ago by Marc Girard and the author regarding the structure of Psalm 144 were far from converging, it appeared useful to reexamine the Psalm. In order to do so as methodologically as possible, the text of Ps 144 is analyzed in three steps, first by considering the structure of its smallest units (verses 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10-11, 12-15), then of partial units, and finally of the psalm in its entirety. All this leads to the discovery of the relationship between the first part (verses 1-2 + 3-4) and the last part of the text (verses 10-11 + 12-15), as well as between the central unit (vv 7-8) and these extreme units, while verses 5-6 and 9, around the centre, announce the units of vv 10-11 and vv 12-15. At the end of the article the former proposals are reconsidered.
Willing Obedience with Doubts: Abraham at the Binding of Isaac
Authors: Jacobs Jonathan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAmong biblical commentators and scholars, the accepted view of Abraham in the story of the Binding of Isaac is of a one-dimensional, almost superhuman figure whose entire consciousness, on the way to sacrifice his son, is focused solely on fulfilling the Divine will. According to this view there is no textual evidence of any deliberation or hesitation in Abraham’s mind, and he is to be viewed as praiseworthy for fulfilling God’s will without any doubt or misgiving.In contrast to this prevailing opinion, I attempt to show that the biblical narrator uses various literary devices to hint to the qualms that plague Abraham on his journey. Although he gives no voice to his apprehensiveness, it may be uncovered through a careful and attentive reading of the text, exposing Abraham’s inner world.
The Question of LXX Jeremiah as a Tool for Literary-Critical Analysis
Authors: Gesundheit Shimon 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Those who disagree with the accepted theory that LXX reflects an ancient Hebrew version of Jeremiah usually point to the greater coherency of MT as proof of its primacy. This study shows the lack of coherency in MT, stemming from the complexity of the text from a literary-critical perspective, and attempts to answer the question of whether LXX can be used in the literary-critical analysis of MT. At least regarding the passage under discussion (Jer 25:1-14), this question must be answered in the negative. It appears that LXX reflects an adapted and “flattened” version of the text. Without the “rough” version found in MT, a version which preserves the tensions and the seams created in the course of the literary growth of the text, it would be likewise impossible to understand the lack of coherence found in LXX.
SHAPE AND HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES IN RELATION TO SIZE IN MARINE MACRO-CRUSTACEA
Authors: Spaargaren  
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn an aquatic environment, the hydrodynamic properties of animals strongly determine their transport and distribution. In macro-crustaceans, lacking well developed capabilities for regulating their specific gravity, hydrodynamic properties are to a large extent determined by their body size and body shape. For 96 macroscopic crustacean species, commonly occurring in the North Sea and eastern Atlantic, data regarding their (adult) body dimensions were fitted into a simple geometric model (an ellipsoid of revolution), which permitted the assessment of their hydrodynamic friction for horizontal and vertical movements. Friction coefficients for horizontal and vertical movement appear to be closely related to each other, vertical friction always being higher. Friction coefficients increase in species with size, but the volume-specific friction coefficients decrease, confirming a higher locomotory freedom in larger species. In the aquatic environment physical freedom is strongly limited by hydrodynamic factors. Certain changes in size and shape can increase physiological and physical independence. In this way crustaceans found many ways to escape the hydrodynamical limitations of their environment. A large variation in size and shape within the subphylum is still preserved. Dans un environnement aquatique, les proprietes hydrodynamiques des aminaux determinent fortement leur transport et leur distribution. Chez les macro-crustaces, qui manquent de capacites bien developpees pour la regulation de leur gravite specifique, les proprietes hydrodynamiques sont dans une large mesure determinees par la taille et la forme de leur corps. Pour 96 especes macroscopiques de crustaces, communement presentes dans la mer du Nord et l'est de l'Atlantique, les donnees relatives aux dimensions de leur corps (chez les adultes) on ete entrees dans un modele geometrique simple (ellipso de de revolution), ce qui a permis d'evaluer leur friction hydrodynamique pour des mouvements vertical et horizontal. Les coefficients de friction pour les mouvements vertical et horizontal apparaissent comme etroitement lies l'un a l'autre, la friction verticale etant toujours plus elevee. Les coefficients de friction croissent avec la taille, mais les coefficients de friction en volume specifique decroissent, ce qui confirme une plus grande liberte locomotrice chez les plus grandes especes. Dans l'environnement aquatique, la liberte physique est fortement limitee par des facteurs hydrodynamiques. Certains changements dans la taille et la forme peuvent accro tre l'independance physique et physiologique. Ainsi, les crustaces ont trouve beaucoup de moynes pour echapper aux limitations hydrodynamiques de leur environnement. Une large variation dans la taille et la forme est encore preservee a l'interieur du subphylum.
Species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) associated with maritime pine in Portugal
Authors: Penas Ana Catarina , Correia Petra , Bravo Maria Antónia , Mota Manuel , Tenreiro Rogério 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Species of Bursaphelenchus associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster,
from Portugal – within and outside the quarantine restricted demarcated zone
of B. xylophilus – are described and characterised both morphologically (LM
and SEM) and with the use of molecular biology (ITS-RFLP). A new staining
method for spicules is proposed. Species include B. hellenicus, B.
hylobianum, B. leoni, B. pinophilus, B. sexdentati, B. tusciae, B.
teratospicularis, B. xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus sp. 1. Bursaphelenchus
hylobianum was collected from the insect Hylobius sp. The most frequent
species in the demarcated zone, besides B. xylophilus, was Bursaphelenchus
sp. 1. Morphological characterisation is compared with the original
descriptions and discussed. The differentiation between B. pinophilus and B.
sexdentati is not clear in the literature and is discussed. Since
differentiation of B. xylophilus (mucronate form) from B. mucronatus, and B.
pinophilus from B. sexdentati, as well as their juvenile forms, is almost im
possible on the basis of morphological features, a molecular approach based
on ITS-RFLPs was used. Ribosomal DNA containing the 5.8S gene, the internal
transcribed spacer region 1 and 2, and partial regions of 18S and 28S gene
were amplified by PCR. Restriction profiles of the amplified products
generated species-specific differences, leading to the unambiguous
identification of isolates belonging to B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, B.
sexdentati, B. tusciae and B. hylobianum.
Neither Too Scientific nor a Spy: Negotiating the Ethnographic Interview in Russia
Authors: Weaver Dorothy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe value of qualitative research is contingent upon clear and open communication between researcher and informants. During a comparative study of Russian Orthodox believers in New Jersey and St. Petersburg, ethnic Russians and ethnic Americans responded very differently to the research apparatus themselves. While Americans accepted participant observation, for Russians the history of Soviet surveillance has resulted in expectations that “competent” social research consists of surveys, and that such surveys are invasive. Meanwhile, American-style unstructured interviews, designed to let an informant lead, resembles behavior Russians associate with spies. Informants in post-industrial societies have expectations about how social research should be conducted, and these cultural differences must be incorporated in research design.
Sociological Analysis of Professionalism: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Evetts Julia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor a long time, sociological analysis of professional work has differentiated professionalism as a special means of organizing work and controlling workers and in contrast to the hierarchical, bureaucratic and managerial controls of industrial and commercial organizations. But professional work is changing and being changed as increasingly professionals (such as doctors, nurses, teachers, social workers) now work in employing organizations; lawyers and accountants in large professional service firms (PSFs) and sometimes in international and commercial organizations; pharmacists in national (retailing) companies; and engineers, journalists, performing artists, the armed forces and police find occupational control of their work and discretionary decision-making increasingly difficult to sustain. This paper begins with a section on defining the field and clarifying concepts. This is followed by a second section on the concept of professionalism, its history and current developments. The third section discusses convergences between Anglo-American and Continental European systems of professions and the general, wider applicability of particular explanatory theories and analytical concepts in the field. Section four examines internationalizing processes affecting professions. Markets for professional services are increasingly international and professional regulation is now a matter for international professional federations as well as national and regional states. The final section provides summary and considers consequences for aspects of professionalism as an occupational value in the global world.
Competitiveness and Critique: The Value of a New-Materialist Research Project
Authors: Charnock Greig 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFollowing Marcus Taylor's critique of Paul Cammack's 'new materialism', this paper proposes a New-Materialist Research Project (NMRP) borne out of a synthesis of the insights of both open Marxism and Cammack's project. The rationale for this lies in the conviction that a more 'applied' focus upon specific forms of contemporary class practice can aid open Marxism to move beyond general and abstract critique, thereby making an original and critical contribution to our understanding of the contemporary management of global capitalism. While the proposed NMRP refutes the problematic theorisation of relative autonomy in Cammack's original proposal, it is argued that a more rigorously theorised NMRP can extend negative critique to the current activities of international regulative agencies. By focusing on the activities of such agencies – beginning with their discursive operations – it is possible to discern how contemporary forms of ideology operate in a retroactive manner, obfuscating and distorting the contradictions being played out across the world market; and also how such agencies are seeking to exercise unprecedented levels of intervention and control in the management of individual national 'capitalisms', and under the rubric of promoting 'competitiveness'.
The 'Returns to Religion': Messianism, Christianity and the Revolutionary Tradition. Part I: 'Wakefulness to the Future'
Authors: Roberts John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe central strength of the Hegelian dialectical tradition is that reason is not divorced from its own internal limits in the name of a reason free from ideological mediation and constraint. This article holds onto this insight in the examination of the recent (and widespread) returns to religious categories in political philosophy and political theory (in particular Agamben, Badiou, Negri and Žižek). In this respect the article follows a two-fold logic. In the spirit of Hegel and Marx, it seeks to recover what is 'rational in religion'; and, at the same time, examines the continuing entanglements of politics (and specifically revolutionary thinking) with religious categories. That this is an atheistic and materialist project is not in a sense strange or anomalous. On the contrary, it is precisely the 'secularisation' of Judeo-Christian categories in Kant, Hegel and Marx's respective theorisation of history, that provides the dialectic ground of the atheistic recovery and invocation of Judeo-Christian thought (in particular messianism, renunciation, and fidelity) in recent political philosophy. Consequently the discussion of religion, or 'religion beyond religion', here, has very little to do with the spread of obscurantism and anti-rationalism in the global upsurge of reactionary Christian and Islamic fundamentalisms, neo-Pagan mysticisms, and other retreats from the real, or with the left-liberal denunciation of religion in the recent writings of Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens. Rather, 'religion' here, in its Judeo-Christian legacy, is that which embodies the memory or prospect of a universal emancipatory politics.
The Mbac and the Harappan Script
Authors: During Caspers Elisabeth C.L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe article deals with interpretation of inscriptions consisting of Indus characters recovered outside the boundaries of the Indus Valley, primarily in Arabian Gulf regions and in Southern Mesopotamia. The author makes a supposition that inscriptions on foreign (non-Harappan) seals and objects with non-Harappan sign sequences and/or inclusion of non-Harappan signs could belong not to the so-called "new Sumerians," acculturated and integrated Meluhhans who lived in the Gulf region, but to the Murghabo-Bactrians who had come to the Arabian Gulf and Southern Mesopotamia. The latter could have acquired some knowledge of the Harappan script and language at their home in Central Asia.
Gendered Advertising in China: What History Do Images Tell?
Authors: Mittler Barbara 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVisual culture used to be seen as a 'distraction from the serious business of text and history' while images can in fact also be seen as a locus of cultural and historical change. This paper addresses the issue of using visual sources in the construction of a historical narrative in Chinese social history. Through a survey of gendered advertising images from one important Shanghai newspaper, the Shenbao, in 1931, presented in the form of 'visual itineraries', the paper turns towards the moment of consuming the image. It attempts to recapture and draw conclusions from the visual everyday experience in and of this modern city.It will become clear that just looking at images focuses the eye. Prejudiced preconceptions about gender and gender relations (such as 'men do not care for children', 'women are the weaker sex', 'women occur more frequently in illustrated advertisements') can all be negated or questioned by the study of images. Thus, through visual perception and visual reflection it may be possible to challenge and redefine the conventional reading of textual materials so as to bring out new perspectives, new modes of questioning and new conceptions, to open up fresh possibilities of research.