bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties investigation of flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composites based on alkylphosphate oligomer
Authors: Wu Qiang , Huang Fulin , Cui Aihua , Liu Chunlin , Zhang Shihua , Long Hongming , Liu Jiayang , Liu Xiuyu , Gang Tang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, FR‐PNX, an alkylphosphate oligomer was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to fabricate FR‐PNX/RPUF composites. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and combustion properties of composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric (TG), microcalorimetry (MCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), et al. The flame retardancy tests demonstrated that the incorporation of 50 phr of FR‐PNX yielded composites that the highest LOI of 23.6 vol% and achieved a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. TG results indicated that FR‐PNX promoted the decomposition of FR‐RPUF in the process, but enhanced the high‐temperature stability of the composites. MCC analyses revealed that the addition of FR‐PNX suppressed the heat release during combustion, and FR‐PNX50/RPUF exhibited the lowest total heat release of 17.3 MJ/m2, a 35% reduction compared to the pure sample. Moreover, the peak heat release rate was decreased to 83.1 W/g, representing a 46.9% reduction compared to pure RPUF. SEM and Raman analyses of the char residue demonstrated that the incorporation of FR‐PNX facilitated the formation of a dense and continuous char layer in the FR‐RPUF, with increased graphitization degree of the char layer, thereby enhancing the composite's fire resistance through the development of a more stable fire barrier.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Binaphthyl Derivatives with Comprehensive Introduction of Phenylethynyl Groups
Authors: Sakai Misato , Fujio Shinya , Imayoshi Ayumi , Sasamori Takahiro , Okada Keita , Imai Yoshitane , Hasegawa Masashi , Tsubaki Kazunori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, compounds with phenylethynyl (PE) groups introduced at all of the possible positions of the methylene‐bridged structure of the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol backbone (3‐PE to 8‐PE) were synthesized. Compounds with four or six phenylethynyl groups (3,6‐PE, 4,6‐PE, 5,6‐PE, 6,7‐PE, and 3,4,6‐PE) were also synthesized. The key reaction for the synthesis of these compounds was the Sonogashira reaction using halogen scaffolds. The new transformation methods include (1) selective bromination of the 5‐position of the binaphthyl skeleton and (2) bromination of the 6‐position and then iodination of the 4‐position, followed by the Sonogashira reaction of iodine at the 4‐position and lithiation and protonation of bromine at the 6‐position. The optical properties of the compounds were evaluated. The extension of the π system greatly differed depending on the position of the phenylethynyl group. 4‐PE, 4,6‐PE, and 3,4,6‐PE, in which the phenylethynyl groups were introduced in the extended direction of the naphthalene linkage axis, showed longer absorption and emission wavelengths and higher fluorescence quantum yields than the other compounds. In circularly polarized luminescence measurements, 7‐PE showed a relatively large glum value, an interesting finding that reverses the sense.
Investigation of engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Adansonia digitata methyl ester doped with nanosilica additive extracted from agricultural waste
Authors: Kapile Fredrick Andrew , Bereczky Akos , Lukács Kristóf , Ntalikwa Justin W. , Kivevele Thomas T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent studies have used nanoparticle additions to enhance the fuel properties of biodiesel. However, it is unclear how these additives would affect engine operation. The effects of commercial nanoadditives on engines have been the subject of several studies. The current study focuses on nanoparticles derived from agricultural waste – specifically rice husk (RH) – to enhance their value. This study therefore examined silica (SiO2) doped with Adansonia digitata methyl ester (ADME) and tested it in a diesel engine. All nanofuel blends were prepared using an ultrasonication process, incorporating 400 ppm of SiO2 nanoparticles, fuels, and 1% surfactants. The results revealed that the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) at maximum brake power (BP), for B20, B20 + SiO2, B100, and B100 + SiO2 fuels, were 29.9%, 28.2%, 28.44%, and 27.1%, respectively. Brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was also reduced when the engine ran from 4 to 16 kW BP. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of B100 and B100 + SiO2 increased more than that of B20. The peak heat release rates (HRR) of the B100 + SiO2 and B20 + SiO2 were slightly higher by 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively than the neat B100 at medium BP. However, in‐cylinder gas pressure (CGP) increased in the following order: B20 + SiO2 < B20 < B100 < B100 + SiO2 < B0. Moreover, the exhaust emissions of nanofuel blends showed a greater reduction in CO, total hydrocarbon (THC), CO2, NOX, and particulate matter (PM) in comparison with B20 and B100. Overall, this study recommends that SiO2 nanoadditive is a beneficial substitute fuel additive to use with biodiesel and its blends due to enhanced engine performance efficiency and reduced emissions.
Four Unidentified Compounds Isolated from the Stem Barks of Aphanamixis polystachya and Their NO Production Inhibition in LPS Activated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Anh Bang Ngo , Thi Thuy Hang Dan , Thi Hai Yen Duong , Huy Hoang Nguyen , Thi Dung Duong , The Cuong Nguyen , Hai Yen Pham , Xuan Nhiem Nguyen , Huu Tai Bui , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhytochemical study on the methanol extract of the stem barks of Aphanamixis polystachya led to the isolation of four previously undescribed (1‐4) and ten known compounds (5‐14). Their chemical structures were elucidated to be 11‐methoxysawaranospiroride C (1), 6α,9S,10,13‐tetrahydroxymegastigmane‐3‐one (2), 11‐hydroxyaphanamixin B (3), (2Z,6E,13E)‐2,6,13‐triene‐11,15‐dihydroxyphytanic acid (4), cinnacasside D (5), cinnacasside E (6), vilsonol F (7), (3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)‐3,5,6,9‐tetrahydroxy‐7‐en‐megastigmane (8), (3S,5R,6R,7E,9R)‐3,6,9,10‐tetrahydroxy‐7‐en‐megastigmane (9), citroside A (10), threo‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,2,3‐propanetriol (11), 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl‐1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (12), p‐coumaric acid (13), ferulic acid (14) by HR‐ESI‐MS, ECD, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 9 showed NO production inhibitory activity in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 42.0, 67.9, 20.5, and 78.6 μM, respectively, while the remaining compounds were inactive with IC50 values over 100 μM.
A case of corrosive tracheoesophageal fistula: A complication of button battery ingestion
Authors: Mlay Kenneth Joseph , Kipiki Peter Ernest , Minja Bernard , Mtenga Philibert , Sadiq Adnan , Chussi Desderius 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageButton battery ingestion has been a common condition encountered by otorhinolaryngologists. Impaction in the esophagus can lead to serious and fatal complications such as tracheoesophageal fistula. Management involves a multidisciplinary team and varies from supportive therapy to surgical intervention.AbstractIngestion of button batteries has been seen with increasing frequency over the past decade. In several small numbers of reported cases, their impaction in the esophagus has led to severe, sometimes fatal, complications. The management of these cases has varied from expectant, supportive therapy to early surgical intervention. We report a case of button battery ingestion that was diagnosed late and resulted in a complication of tracheoesophageal fistula with migration to the thorax which was managed by open surgery.
The miracle of IVUS for unforeseen stent thrombosis: A case report
Authors: Mehrpooya Maryam , Koohsari Parisa , Farsani Ehsan Moradi 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageStent thrombosis is a serious complication with high morbidity and mortality rates resulting in cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction that occurs following stent placement during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Stent underexpansion or malapposition are avoidable risk factors for stent thrombosis. Sufficient postdilation should be considered to mitigate this risk, especially with the guidance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We present the case of a 60‐year‐old man developing a thrombotic lesion inside a stent 2 weeks after PCI for Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), which was strongly related to stent underexpansion and malapposition. This case highlights the importance of IVUS in evaluating procedural success, particularly in assessing stent expansion and apposition.
Angiomyxolipoma of the spermatic cord: A case report
Authors: Kyriakos Saad Melissa , Sader Georgio , Saikaly Elias 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageLipomas are considered one of the most frequent benign mesenchymal tumors with copious variants. Among these variants is angiomyxolipoma (AML) which is considered an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, only 19 cases have been reported in the English medical literature, of which three of them involving the spermatic cord. Herein, we report the fourth case of a 37‐year‐old male patient with angiomyxolipoma (AML) of the spermatic cord discovered incidentally during elective hernia repair.
A rare case report: Myopathy related to the interaction between azathioprine and infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Fu Lingyu , Wang Shiying , Wang Yingyan , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAdministering azathioprine or infliximab for UC and AS treatment carries a significant risk of adverse reactions. Here, we present the case diagnosed with UC and AS, who received treatment with azathioprine and infliximab for 10 months, and subsequently developed drug‐induced myopathy affecting the right vastus medialis muscle.AbstractDrug‐induced myopathy is an uncommon form of muscle injury that can arise in patients without preexisting muscle conditions when exposed to therapeutic doses of certain medications. Administering azathioprine or infliximab for ulcerative colitis (UC) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treatment carries a significant risk of adverse reactions, including drug‐induced myopathy and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. However, occurrences of myopathy induced by the combination of azathioprine and infliximab are rarely reported in clinical practice. Here, we present the case of a 37‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with UC and AS, who received treatment with azathioprine and infliximab for 10 months. Despite the resolution of symptoms and improvement in intestinal mucosal inflammation observed via endoscopy, the patient subsequently developed drug‐induced myopathy affecting the right vastus medialis muscle.
Peer feedback exchanged in group supervision: A concept mapping approach
Authors: Willis Ben T. , Schmidt Christopher D. , Wahesh Edward , Kemer Gulsah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing concept mapping, the authors examined peer feedback exchanged in group supervision to understand how master's level interns perceived feedback received from their peers. Five regions and 18 clusters were represented through 193 feedback statements, and the interns rated the benefit, desirability, accuracy, and impact of the feedback they received.
Influence of storage length on the nutritive value of baleage
Authors: Burt Justin C. , Baxter Lisa L. , Payne Sydney L. , Hendricks Taylor J. , Stewart R. Lawton , Tucker Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐quality forages can benefit from being harvested as baleage when the environmental conditions are not favorable for dry hay production. Currently, it is recommended that baleage should be fed within 9‐months post‐harvest; however, mild winters can reduce the demand for these stored forages. Data are limited on the changes in nutritive value of baleage stored beyond the recommended timepoint. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of storage length on nutritive value of forage harvested and stored as baleage. This study evaluated baleage harvested from 2016 to 2018 in Tifton, GA, consisting of either bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), or a mixture of bermudagrass and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Baleage was sampled for nutritive value analysis at 6‐weeks and 9‐ and 12‐months post‐harvest, with a subset of bales sampled at 24 months. Regardless of forage, crude protein, total digestible nutrients, and in‐vitro dry matter digestibility at 48 h were not impacted in bales sampled up to 12‐months post‐harvest (p > 0.07). However, acid detergent fiber increased when baleage was stored beyond 6 weeks but did not change from 9 to 12 months (p < 0.01). In the subset of bales stored up to 24‐months post‐harvest, all nutritive value parameters evaluated were negatively impacted (p < 0.01). The prolonged storage period may negatively affect the baleage plastic integrity, resulting in a decline in nutritive value if anaerobic conditions are not maintained. Future research is warranted to evaluate the changes in the fermentation profile of baleage under extended storage conditions.
Electrochemical Oxidation Enables Radical Dearomative Spiroannulation to 2H‐Spiro[benzofuran‐3,9′‐fluoren]‐2‐one
Authors: Yue Yuanyuan , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Jianhang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Yilin , Tang Qinghu , Bai Ruopeng , Yi Hong , Liu Jianming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping pragmatic strategies for accessing functional benzofuran‐2‐ones from 3‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)benzofuran remains an enduring challenge. Herein, we have achieved a highly discriminating electrochemical oxidative dearomative spiroannulation of 3‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)benzofuran, culminating in the synthesis of 2H‐spiro[benzofuran‐3,9′‐fluoren]‐2‐one derivatives. By harnessing the electrophilic intermediates of benzofuryl radical cations supported by DFT calculations, we attain exceptional regioselectivity while eliminating the need for stoichiometric oxidants. Mechanistic investigations reveal a sequence of events involving the benzofuran radical cation, encompassing the capture of H2O, nucleophilic arene attack, and subsequent deprotonation, ultimately yielding the final benzofuran‐2‐ones.
Base‐Stabilized Gallium Sulfides and Selenides Supported by a Bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide Ligand
Authors: Ding Tao , Nakano Ryo , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGallylene supported by a bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide (Boxm) ligand was synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of this gallylene with triphenylphosphine sulfide/selenide yielded dimeric gallium sulfide and selenide. These compounds could be converted to monomeric terminal sulfide and selenide by coordination of an external Lewis base such as an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC or IMe4) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridiene (DMAP). These doubly‐base‐stabilized gallium sulfide/selenide reacted with phenyl isocyanate to give the corresponding cycloadducts by releasing the Lewis base, indicating the formation of a single‐base‐stabilized gallium sulfide/selenide intermediate.
Wayuu people's positions regarding the acceptability of political amnesties in Colombia
Authors: Turizo‐ Palencia Yamile , Pineda‐Marín Claudia , Sastre Maria Teresa Munoz , Mullet Etienne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study mapped the diverse personal positions of the Wayuu indigenous community in Colombia regarding the acceptability of political amnesties in a post‐conflict context. The sample was composed of 130 indigenous adults between 18 and 74 years of age residing in the Guajira region, who were shown 12 amnesty‐related scenarios. These scenarios were composed according to a three‐factor design: (a) the level of detail that the amnesty applicant (former combatant of some illegal armed group in Colombia) was willing to disclose, (b) whether or not the applicant asked for forgiveness, and (c) the severity of the punishment endured by the amnesty applicant (A cluster analysis yielded three qualitatively different positions: never acceptable (18%), almost always acceptable (9%) and depends jointly on the quality of the information and remorse (73%). For the vast majority of Wayuu community members, a political amnesty for a former combatant of a Colombian armed group is not acceptable. For those who have accepted it, amnesty is only possible if the applicant proves that he or she is not causing harm to third parties. And it would also be conditioned to the particular situation of each case. A collective amnesty process has no chance of being considered acceptable.
Interfacial Design of Particulate Photocatalyst Materials for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Domen Kazunari 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen production using particulate photocatalyst materials has attracted much attention in recent years because this process could potentially lead to inexpensive and scalable solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion systems. Although the development of efficient particulate photocatalysts enabling one‐step overall water splitting (OWS) with solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiencies in excess of 10 % remains challenging, promising photocatalyst candidates exhibiting OWS activity have been demonstrated. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion process of semiconductor photocatalyst materials and highlights recent advances in photocatalytic OWS via both one‐step and two‐step photoexcitation processes. The review also covers recent developments in the photocatalytic OWS of SrTiO3, including the establishment of large‐scale photocatalytic systems, interfacial design using cocatalysts to enhance water splitting activity, and its photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties at the electrified solid/liquid interface. In addition, there is a special focus on visible‐light‐absorbing oxynitride and oxysulfide particulate photocatalysts with absorption edges near 600 nm. Methods for photocatalyst preparation and surface modification, as well as PEC properties, are also discussed. The semiconductor properties of particulate photocatalysts obtained from photoelectroanalytical evaluations using particulate photoelectrodes are evaluated. This review is intended to provide guidelines for the future development of particulate photocatalysts capable of efficient and stable OWS.
Densely Branched Carbon Nanotubes for Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zheng Shuoran , Gao Yifan , Xia Shenxin , Qiu Junjie , Xi Xiangyun , Li Jianfeng , Li Tongtao , Yang Dong , Dong Angang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo address the inherent limitations of conventional carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as their tendency to agglomerate and scarcity of catalytic sites, the development of branched carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) with a unique hierarchical structure has emerged as a promising solution. Herein, gram scale quantities of densely branched and structurally consistent Ni−Fe decorated branched CNTs (Ni−Fe@BCNT) have been prepared. This uniform and densely branched architecture ensures excellent dispersibility and superior electrical conductivity. Additionally, each branched tip is equipped with Ni−Fe particles, thereby providing numerous catalytic sites which endow them with exceptional catalytic activity for the conversion of polysulfides. The polypropylene (PP) separator modified with Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer is fabricated as a multifunctional barrier for Li–S batteries. The experimental results demonstrate that Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer can effectively suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and enhance their redox kinetics. The outstanding catalytic ability of Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer enables batteries with high specific capacities, outstanding rate performance, and remarkable cycling stability. This approach proposed in this work paves a new path for synthesizing BCNTs and shows great potential for scaling up the production of BCNTs to address more demanding applications.
A stacking machine‐learning based method for accelerating magnetic coupler design with ferrite cores in inductive power transfer applications
Authors: Ding Wenhua , Wang Yufei , Chen Tingyu , Lu Zhenghong , You Yue , Wang Jingyu , Huang Zhicong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a magnetic coupler design method for WPT systems based on stacking machine‐learning algorithms. A synthetic dataset generated by ANSYS Maxwell is used for training and evaluating machine‐learning models. Stacking technology effectively combines the results from multiple models and make best predictions. The designed model allows us to obtain the optimal values of the coil inner radius
and number of turns
, when other coil design parameters such as the coil outer radius
, the wire diameter
, and the coil inductance
, are given based on the application environment. The proposed method provides practical solutions meeting design requirements quickly, easily accommodating magnetic couplers with ferrite cores, and showing advantages in designing magnetic couplers with optimal power transfer efficiency.
Joint optimization of efficiency and volume for an inductor‐based battery balancing circuit
Authors: Jiang Jianbo , Ye Yang , Zhao Enming , Li Peng , Luo Weiming 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn recent years, with the increase in the number of electric vehicles, the number of retired power batteries, which predominantly include lithium‐ion batteries, has surged. Recycling these retired power batteries can reduce environmental pollution and resource waste. However, the voltage of a single lithium‐ion battery is low, and multiple single batteries need to be connected in series to satisfy application requirements. This use of multiple batteries results in inconsistencies in battery cell parameters. As the number of series connections increases, this inconsistency problem becomes more prominent, and it can even decrease the system's capable number of charge and discharge cycles. Due to the wide voltage performances of lithium‐ion batteries, inductive balancing circuits are more suitable for balancing a series of lithium‐ion battery cells. This paper considers a single inductor balancing circuit and proposes a joint optimization of efficiency and volume. By flexibly allocating the weight coefficients of efficiency and volume, the algorithm can optimize the overall efficiency and volume of the hardware circuit according to different circuit design requirements. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed joint optimization method is verified by building a laboratory prototype.
A novel design algorithm for low complexity sparse 2‐D FIR filters
Authors: Li Yi , Zhao Jiaxiang , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe hardware implementation complexity of traditional two‐dimensional (2‐D) finite impulse response (FIR) filters with high order is very high. In this paper, a novel sparse 2‐D FIR filter design algorithm has been proposed by combining the common subexpression elimination technique and sparse filter design algorithms to reduce hardware implementation complexity. First, an initial 2‐D FIR filter with sparse coefficients that meets frequency‐domain specifications is obtained by the sparse filter design algorithm. Then, each filter coefficient is quantized in canonical signed digit, and the sensitivities of all weight‐two subexpressions and isolated non‐zero bits are calculated. Finally, the filter coefficients with low implementation cost are reconstructed via iteratively choosing subexpressions and isolated non‐zero bits in terms of their sensitivities. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm saves about
of adders compared with other low complexity filter design method, which reduces effectively the implementation cost.