bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Aromatic Ketones from Aromatic Compounds Using Vanadium‐Containing Mesoporous Silicates
Authors: Chen Chih‐Wei , Ko An‐Nan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAromatic ketones were synthesized from aromatic compounds via liquid‐phase oxidation at 60 °C and 1 atm over vanadium‐containing MCM‐41 catalysts using a batch reactor. The catalysts were prepared by direct hydrothermal (4V‐MCM‐41) and wet impregnation (9V/MCM‐41) methods. Their physico‐chemical properties were determined with various characterization techniques. For the oxidations of all substrates in this work, 4 V‐MCM‐41 exhibits superior catalytic performance than 9 V/MCM‐41 due to its larger values of unit cell parameter, BET surface area, and vanadium dispersion as well as stronger oxidation ability of vanadium‐oxygen species. Apparently, the single site, isolated vanadium centers in 4V‐MCM‐41 possess much higher activity (based on the turnover number) than those containing more vanadium atoms in 9V/MCM‐41. In addition, the substrate activities decrease in the order of diphenylmethane > fluorene > 9,10‐dihydroanthracene > ethylbenzene ≥ 4‐nitroethylbenzene, which are attributed to their distinct molecular structures.
Zeolite‐SiC in PVC Matrix as a New SPME Fiber for Gas Chromatographic Determination of BTEX in Water and Soil Samples
Authors: Chalabiani Amin , Abbas Matin Amir , Farhadi Khalil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new SPME fiber based on mixture of zeolite and silicon carbide in PVC matrix was made and its application for sampling of BTEX compounds from headspace of water and soil samples was studied. After optimization of conditions, the proposed fiber was used for determination of BTEX in real samples obtained from rivers and soils of gasoline reservoirs surroundings. The method has good linearity (0.991‐0.999) over wide concentration range. Detection limits of the method are in the range of 0.66–1.66 μg L− and 0.01–0.12 μg kg− for water and soil samples, respectively.
Regioselective Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters of Glycosides Containing Cis‐diol and Biological Test against Bacterial Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella agona
Authors: Lou Xin , Zhao Jin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRegioselectivity of glycoside containing cis‐diol esterification with fatty acid using dibutyltin dimethoxide as stannylating agent was probed, the results showed the equatorial position of cis‐diol has some advantage of being acylated, although the orientation of adjacent groups could affected the regioselectivity. The glycoside fatty acid esters were regioselectively synthesized on optimized condition with this stannyl method, the biological tests against bacterial as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella agona were carried out with these fatty acid esters, the testing results showed that glycoside esters with 12 or 14 carbon long chain fatty acid have some obvious inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus.
The role of living/controlled radical polymerization in the formation of improved imprinted polymers
Authors: Salian Vishal D. , Vaughan Asa D. , Byrne Mark E. 
Published: May 2012

In this work, living/controlled radical polymerization (LRP) is compared with conventional free radical polymerization in the creation of highly and weakly cross‐linked imprinted poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) networks. It elucidates, for the first time, the effect of LRP on the chain level and begins to explain why the efficiency of the imprinting process is improved using LRP. Imprinted polymers produced via LRP exhibited significantly higher template affinity and capacity compared with polymers prepared using conventional methods. The use of LRP in the creation of highly cross‐linked imprinted polymers resulted in a fourfold increase in binding capacity without a decrease in affinity; whereas weakly cross‐linked gels demonstrated a nearly threefold increase in binding capacity at equivalent affinity when LRP was used. In addition, by adjusting the double bond conversion, we can choose to increase either the capacity or the affinity in highly cross‐linked imprinted polymers, thus allowing the creation of imprinted polymers with tailorable binding parameters.Using free radical polymerization in the creation of polymer chains, as the template–monomer ratio increased, the average molecular weight of the polymer chains decreased despite a slight increase in the double bond conversion. Thus, the polymer chains formed were shorter but greater in number. Using LRP neutralized the effect of the template. The addition of chain transfer agent resulted in slow, uniform, simultaneous chain growth, resulting in the formation of longer more monodisperse chains. Reaction analysis revealed that propagation time was extended threefold in the formation of highly cross‐linked polymers when LRP techniques were used. This delayed the transition to the diffusion‐controlled stage of the reaction, which in turn led to the observed enhanced binding properties, decreased polydispersity in the chains, and a more homogeneous macromolecular architecture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging based determination of body compartments with the versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method
Authors: Buehler Tania , Ramseier Nicolas , Machann Juergen , Schwenzer Nina F. , Boesch Chris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the inhomogeneity of radiofrequency fields at higher field strengths that can interfere with established volumetric methods, in particular for the determination of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). A versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method is proposed to determine VAT, SCAT, and also total body volume (TBV).Materials and Methods:VISS is based on a separation of major components by contour lines, followed by a sparse sampling algorithm, and eventually a quick manual correction. T1‐weighted whole body scans of 24 subjects were evaluated (12 at 1.5T, 12 at 3.0T).Results:(a) Coefficients of variance (CV) and intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) determined within 3 raters (24 subjects) showed high consistency for SCAT (CV 2.2%, ICC 0.993) and VAT (CV 4.9%, ICC 0.987), (b) comparison with an established volumetric method revealed good agreement (Bland‐Altman, VAT −0.68L to 1.07L, SCAT −2.18L to 8.39L), and (c) comparison of weights calculated from TBV with values measured on a scale resulted in an even better accuracy for VISS (Bland‐Altman −1.98 kg to 4.09 kg) than for the reference method (−5.60 kg to 1.60 kg).Conclusion:VISS is reproducible in particular within the same rater, accurate as compared with established methods, and robust against low contrast and inhomogeneity artifacts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:951–960. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen isotopes from Chinese caves: records not of monsoon rainfall but of circulation regime
Authors: Maher Barbara A. , Thompson Roy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOxygen isotope variations in Chinese stalagmites have been widely interpreted as a record of the amount of East Asian summer monsoonal rainfall. This interpretation infers decreasing monsoonal rainfall from the mid‐Holocene and large, dipolar rainfall oscillations within glaciations. However, the speleothem δ18O variations conflict with independent palaeoclimate proxies (cave δ13C, loess/palaeosol magnetic properties, δ13C alkanes), which indicate no systematic decline in rainfall from the mid‐Holocene, and no glacial rainfall maxima. Using mass balance calculations (which incorporate seasonality effects in both δ18O concentration and amount of precipitation), we demonstrate that the cave δ18O variations cannot be accounted for by summer rainfall changes, or rainfall seasonality or winter cooling, but instead reflect changes in moisture source. A possible driver of the δ18O variations in Chinese stalagmites is precessional forcing of inter‐hemispheric temperature gradients, and resultant shifts in the position and intensity of the subtropical pressure cells. Through such forcing, Indian monsoon‐sourced δ18O may have dominated at times of high boreal summer insolation, and local Pacific‐sourced moisture at low insolation. Suppression of summer monsoonal rainfall during glacial stages may reflect diminished sea and land surface temperatures and the radiative impacts of increased regional dust fluxes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mikołaj Kruszewski: Theory and Vision (Part One)†
Authors: Silverman Daniel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough it prefigures many advances in linguistic theory, the scholarship of nineteenth century scholar Mikołaj Kruszewski is today largely forgotten. In these papers I hope to partially rectify this situation by introducing Kruszewski’s insights to modern discourse on phonology. In addition to a detailed summary of Kruszewski’s major work, An Outline of the Science of Language (Očerk Nauki O Jazyke) (1883), I place his work in the context of subsequent (mostly post‐war) approaches to language structure. Some of Kruszewski’s major insights include (1) the arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning, (2) the non‐teleological nature of the linguistic system, (3) the generative or creative character of language, (4) the connectionist organization of the lexicon, and (5) the optimality‐theoretic‐esque proposal that linguistic systems may be analyzed as the product of pressures and constraints in inherent conflict with one another. This, Part One of a two‐part presentation, considers the first five chapters of Kruszewski’s ten‐chapter book.
Quantity and the Three‐Syllable Window in Dutch Word Stress
Authors: van Oostendorp Marc 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper considers the state‐of‐the‐art in the (generative) study of Dutch word stress. In the past 25 years, consensus has been reached on a number of properties of the Dutch stress system, such that it obeys the so‐called three‐syllable window and that it is quantity sensitive. However, not all of these arguments are equally convincing in the light of modern developments in phonological theory, in particular since experimental data on native speakers’ intuitions are missing. Although there is strong evidence for quality‐sensitivity (in particular to the quality of schwa), the evidence for quantity‐sensitivity is not so strong, given that the main sources of loanwords (which are usually argued to be quantity‐sensitive) themselves are quantity‐sensitive.
Age Grading in Sociolinguistic Theory
Authors: Wagner Suzanne Evans 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDistinguishing linguistic change at the community level (‘generational change’) from linguistic change at the individual level (‘age grading’) is “one of the major issues in contemporary sociolinguistics” (Tagliamonte 2012:247). This article gives a brief history of the study of language change in the community, before turning to the types of linguistic behavior that have been observed across individuals’ lifespans. The article also discusses the meanings that have been attributed to the term ‘age grading’, arguing that consensus cannot be reached without more longitudinal work to determine the limits of lifespan linguistic change.
Nanoscale Robust Architecture of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials Comprising Different Forms of Nanostructured Carbon
Authors: Misra R. Devesh Kumar , Depan Dilip , Narsale Harshad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe describe here the nanoscale hybrid architecture of polyethylene crystals directly nucleated on three different forms of nanostructured carbon, namely, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and single‐walled carbon nanohorns. The hybrid architecture exhibits structural stability such that they act as potential nucleants for subsequent nucleation and growth of polymer crystals. It is intriguing that the structural morphology of polyethylene crystals vary on the three forms of nanostructured carbon even though they are structurally similar. The underlying differences in structural morphology and the mechanism of crystallization are discussed. The intriguing observations open the gateway for effective utilization of different nanostructured carbon in a polymer matrix, without influencing their inherent properties.
Instability of cnoidal‐peak for the NLS‐δ equation
Authors: Pava Jaime Angulo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe study the existence and stability of standing waves for the periodic cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a point defect determined by the periodic Dirac distribution at the origin. We show that this model admits a smooth curve of periodic‐peak standing wave solutions with a profile determined by the Jacobi elliptic function of cnoidal type. Via a perturbation method and continuation argument, we obtain that in the repulsive defect, the cnoidal‐peak standing wave solutions are unstable in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$H^1_{per}$\end{document} with respect to perturbations which have the same period as the wave itself. Global well‐posedness is verified for the Cauchy problem in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$H^1_{per}$\end{document} .
Algebraic approximation of Kähler threefolds
Authors: Schrack Florian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present work, we investigate existence of deformations and algebraic approximability for certain uniruled Kähler threefolds. In the first part, we establish existence of infinitesimal deformations for all conic bundles with relative Picard number one over a non‐algebraic compact Kähler surface S and existence of positive‐dimensional families of deformations in all but some special cases. In the second part, we study the question of algebraic approximability for projective bundles over S and threefolds bimeromorphic to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {P}_1\times S$\end{document}.
Linear functionals and the duality principle for harmonic functions
Authors: Ali Rosihan M. , Ponnusamy S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal H}$\end{document} be the class of complex‐valued harmonic functions in the unit disk |z| < 1 and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal H}_1$\end{document} the set of all functions \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$f\in {\mathcal H}$\end{document} such that f(0) = 0, fz(0) = 1 and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$f_{\overline{z}}(0)=0$\end{document}. For \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$V \subset {\mathcal H}_1$\end{document}, its dual V* is

where * denotes the Hadamard product for harmonic functions. The set V is a dual class if V = W* for some \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$W \subset {\mathcal H}_1.$\end{document} In the present paper, the duality principle is extended to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal H}_1$\end{document} by means of the Hadamard product. Counterparts of the dual classes are introduced and their structural properties studied.
Inotilone suppresses phorbol ester‐induced inflammation and tumor promotion in mouse skin
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ching , Lai Ching‐Shu , Tsai Chen‐Yu , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2012

ScopeChemoprevention is one of the most feasible approaches to reduce the risk of cancer. Over the past decades, scientists have realized that chronic inflammation is a critical component of cancer development. Inotilone, existing in Inonotus mushroom has been reported to exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties in vitro. Hence, we investigated the effects of inotilone on 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐mediated acute inflammation and tumor promotion in mouse skin and the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods and resultsInotilone was topically applied to mouse skin 30 min prior to TPA treatment. The results have shown that inotilone inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators by attenuating the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Furthermore, the ability of inotilone to prevent tumorigenesis at promotion stage was evaluated using a classical two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. After initiation of 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), applying inotilone topically before each TPA treatment was found to reduce the tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity of papillomas.ConclusionBased on the results, we concluded that inotilone has potential to be developed into an effective chemopreventive agent for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases, especially the prevention and treatment of epithelial skin cancer.
Use of systemic antifungals in daily clinical practice in the haematology and oncology setting: results of a prospective observational analysis
Authors: Metzke Barbara , Neubauer Werner Christian , Hieke Stefanie , Jung Manfred , Wäsch Ralph , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the role of systemic antifungal drugs as well as the frequency of potential drug interactions and adverse drug events of commonly used antifungals in an unselected haematology/oncology patient cohort.MethodsA prospective analysis was performed in our haematology/oncology department between October 2006 and September 2009. Data were obtained from 250 consecutive patients who received treatment and/or prophylaxis with fluconazole (n = 191), liposomal amphotericin B (n = 105), voriconazole (n = 62), caspofungin (n = 27) and/or posaconazole (n = 22). We performed detailed reviews of patient charts and laboratory values in close cooperation with treating physicians and nursing staff and participated regularly in ward and chart rounds. Potential drug interactions were assessed using the electronic database Micromedex® 1.0 (Healthcare Series).ResultsIn terms of adverse drug events, caspofungin (56%) and voriconazole (58%) revealed a slightly more favourable safety profile than liposomal amphotericin B (66%) and posaconazole (64%). We confirmed frequent nephrotoxic effects with the use of liposomal amphotericin B (20%). Regarding potential drug interactions, 97 (66%) of 147 evaluated patients were exposed to at least 1 of 22 different potentially interacting drug combinations involving systemic antifungal agents. Cyclosporine was the most prevalent potentially interacting drug in our cohort.ConclusionsSystemic antifungal drugs are widely used in the haematology/oncology setting and exhibit numerous potential drug interactions and adverse events in cancer patients. Our results highlight the challenges related to antifungal drugs and should valuably contribute to a safe and efficient application of this increasingly important class of drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internet‐based self‐management compared with usual care in adolescents with asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rikkers‐Mutsaerts E.R.V.M. , Winters A.E. , Bakker M.J. , van Stel H.F. , van der Meer V. , de Jongste J.C. , Sont J.K. ,   the SMASHING Study Group
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionAsthma control often is poor in adolescents and this causes considerable morbidity. Internet‐based self‐management (IBSM) improves asthma‐related quality of life in adults. We hypothesized that IBSM improves asthma‐related quality of life in adolescents.MethodsAdolescents (12–18 years) with persistent and not well‐controlled asthma participated in a randomized controlled trial with 1 year follow‐up and were allocated to IBSM (n = 46) or usual care (UC, n = 44). IBSM consisted of weekly asthma control monitoring with treatment advice by a web‐based algorithm. Outcomes included asthma‐related quality of life (Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, PAQLQ) and asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire, ACQ) and were analyzed by a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsAt 3 months, PAQLQ improved with 0.40 points (95% CI: 0.17–0.62, P < 0.01), by IBSM compared to 0.0 points for UC (P = 0.02 for the difference). At 12 months the between‐group difference was −0.05 (95% CI: −0.50 to 0.41, P = 0.85). At 3 months ACQ improved more in IBSM than in UC (difference: −0.32 points; 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.079, P < 0.01). At 12 months the difference was −0.05 (95% CI: −0.35 to 0.25, P = 0.75).ConclusionIBSM improved asthma‐related quality of life and asthma control in adolescents with not well‐controlled asthma after 3 months, but not after 12 months. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1170–1179. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simplified platelet sample preparation for SDS‐PAGE‐based proteomic studies
Authors: Reicheltová Zuzana , Májek Pavel , Riedel Tomáš , Suttnar Jiří , Dyr Jan E. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe goal of this study was to design an easy and simple protocol for platelet isolation and sample preparation for proteomic studies based on 2DE (IEF–SDS‐PAGE) followed by Coomassie blue staining.Experimental designBlood was collected by venipuncture into tubes coated with EDTA and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was immediately obtained by centrifugation. PRP was stored refrigerated in closed Falcon tubes for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days and platelets were isolated by centrifugation. 2DE gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie blue stain and evaluated using the Progenesis SameSpots software. Spots that differed significantly in the gels of fresh and stored platelet samples were excised, digested with trypsin, and further analyzed using nanoLC‐MS/MS.ResultsDuring the 7‐day follow‐up period, we found 20 spots that differed significantly (ANOVA p <0.05). During the first 2 days of PRP storage in test tubes, however, only nine spots significantly differed in all donors. In these spots, we identified 14 different proteins.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn conclusion, for proteome investigations, whenever it is not feasible to prepare washed platelets immediately after blood collection, the EDTA‐anticoagulated PRP can be stored in test tubes at 4°C for up to 2 days for the platelet proteome investigation.
Application of systems biology principles to protein biomarker discovery: Urinary exosomal proteome in renal transplantation
Authors: Pisitkun Trairak , Gandolfo Maria T. , Das Samarjit , Knepper Mark A. , Bagnasco Serena M. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeIn mass spectrometry (MS)‐based studies to discover urinary protein biomarkers, an important question is how to analyze the data to find the most promising potential biomarkers to be advanced to large‐scale validation studies. Here, we describe a “systems biology‐based” approach to address this question.Experimental designWe analyzed large‐scale liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) data of urinary exosomes from renal allograft recipients with biopsy‐proven evidence of immunological rejection or tubular injury (TI). We asked whether bioinformatic analysis of urinary exosomal proteins can identify biological‐process based protein groups that correlate with biopsy findings and whether the protein groups fit with general knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.ResultsLC‐MS/MS analysis of urinary exosomal proteomes identified more than 1000 proteins in each pathologic group. These protein lists were analyzed computationally to identify the Biological Process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway terms that are significantly associated with each pathological group. Among the most informative terms for each group were: “sodium ion transport” for TI; “immune response” for all rejection; “epithelial cell differentiation” for cell‐mediated rejection; and “acute inflammatory response” for antibody‐mediated rejection. Based on these terms, candidate biomarkers were identified using a novel strategy to allow a dichotomous classification between different pathologic categories.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe terms and candidate biomarkers identified make rational connections to pathophysiological mechanisms, suggesting that the described bioinformatic approach will be useful in advancing large‐scale biomarker identification studies toward a validation phase.