bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell technology for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Lunn J. Simon , Sakowski Stacey A. , Hur Junguk , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOver the past 20 years, stem cell technologies have become an increasingly attractive option to investigate and treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we discuss the process of extending basic stem cell research into translational therapies for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. We begin with a discussion of the burden of these diseases on society, emphasizing the need for increased attention toward advancing stem cell therapies. We then explain the various types of stem cells utilized in neurodegenerative disease research, and outline important issues to consider in the transition of stem cell therapy from bench to bedside. Finally, we detail the current progress regarding the applications of stem cell therapies to specific neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. With a greater understanding of the capacity of stem cell technologies, there is growing public hope that stem cell therapies will continue to progress into realistic and efficacious treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol 2011;70: 353–361.
Nanocellulosen: eine neue Familie naturbasierter Materialien
Authors: Klemm Dieter , Kramer Friederike , Moritz Sebastian , Lindström Tom , Ankerfors Mikael , Gray Derek , Dorris Annie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCellulosefibrillen und ‐kristalle mit einem Durchmesser im Nanometerbereich sind naturbasierte Materialien mit einzigartigen und potenziell wertvollen Eigenschaften. Vor allem eröffnen diese neuartigen Nanocellulosen dem natürlichen Polymer Cellulose die stark expandierenden Einsatzgebiete nachhaltige Materialien, Nanokomposite sowie Produkte für die Medizin und die Lebenswissenschaften. Die Nanodimensionen der Strukturelemente führen zu großen Oberflächen und damit zu starken Wechselwirkungen dieser Cellulosen mit umgebenden Stoffen wie Wasser, anorganischen, organischen und polymeren Verbindungen, Nanopartikeln und lebenden Zellen. Diese Übersicht bietet das aktuelle Wissen über die Isolierung mikrofibrillierter Cellulose aus Holz und ihre Anwendung in Nanokompositen, die Herstellung nanokristalliner Cellulose und ihren Einsatz als Verstärkungsmaterial sowie die biotechnologische Erzeugung bakterieller Nanocellulose einschließlich ihrer Eignung als Biomaterial für medizinische Implantate.
pH‐induced morphological changes of carboxymethyl chitosan self assembled monolayer films
Authors: Liu Wentao , Meng Xiaohui , Zhang Shouwei , He Suqin , Mao Luyuan , Zhu Chengshen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSelf assembled monolayer (SAM) films of carboxymethyl chitosan (CM‐CHI) were prepared by immersing mica in CM‐CHI aqueous solution at pH = 1.7. The obtained films were further rinsed in baths of water at different pH. The pH induced morphological change of carboximethyl chitosan SAM films was investigated by atomic force microscope using tapping mode. The results showed that the morphology of the films was remarkably affected by the pH of rinse bath. Three obvious morphological changes were discussed and explained by the competition between electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond. We draw attention to the “Crater” structures in the films and find that the formation and evolution of “Crater” structures have a close relationship with the pH of rinse bath. The formation mechanism of the other two special structures was also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Degradation kinetics of vulcanized ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer residues
Authors: Pistor Vinícius , Fiorio Rudinei , Ornaghi Felipe G. , Luiz Ornaghi Heitor , Zattera Ademir José 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer residues (EPDM‐r) from the automotive industry were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for determination of the activation energy (Ea) of decomposition by the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) method. The degradation mechanism was determined by the method of Criado et al. Analysis of the nonvulcanized EPDM gum (EPDM‐g) and paraffinic oil used in the composition of the compound was also carried out. The Ea values for the decomposition of the EPDM‐g and paraffinic oil remained constant with the conversion, but for the EPDM‐r decomposition, they changed due to the initial oil elimination followed by decomposition of the EPDM fraction. It was observed that removal of the paraffinic oil occurred less easily in the tridimensional vulcanized network, and there were differences in the elimination mechanism. The EPDM degradation mechanism was also affected by vulcanization and the fillers present in the compound. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal properties, adhesive strength, and optical transparency of cyclolinear poly(aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes)
Authors: Al‐Shukri Salah Mahdi , Mahmood Ayad Tariq , Al‐Hanbali Othman A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFour cyclolinear poly(aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes) derived from poly[4,4′‐(isopropoylidene)diphenoxytetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene] and poly[4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenoxytetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene] were synthesized from the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP) with 4,4′‐(isopropylidene)diphenol (bisphenol A) or 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (bisphenol AF) in molar ratio 1 : 1 via a one‐step condensation polymerization. Subsequent reaction of the resulted chlorine‐bound polymers with adequate amount of the sodium salts of 4‐methoxycarbonylphenoxide or 4‐propoxycarbonylphenoxide yielded the corresponding chlorine‐free polymers, [poly(tetra‐4‐methoxycarbonylphenoxy)‐4,4′‐(isopropoylidene)diphenoxy cyclotriphosphazene] (MBACP), [poly(tetra‐4‐propoxycarbonylphenoxy)‐4,4′‐(isopropoylidene)diphenoxycyclotriphosphazene] (PBACP), [poly(tetra‐4‐methoxycarbonylphenoxy)‐4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenoxycyclotriphosphazene] (MBAFCP), [poly(tetra‐4‐propoxycarbonylphenoxy)‐4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenoxycyclotriphosphazene] (PBAFCP), respectively. The chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transformer infrared, 1H, and 13C‐NMR. Thermal properties of polymers were investigated using DSC and TGA analysis. The obtained polymers were thermoplastic, having moderate Tg values in the range of 26–78°C and good thermal stability up to 350°C in N2 and O2 gases. The thermal decomposition of the isopropylidene‐containing polymers is a one‐step process, while that of hexafluoroisopropylidene‐containing polymers is a two‐step process. However, presence of the latter group in the polymers backbone showed negligible effects on the thermo‐oxidative stability. The adhesive strength was measured by lap‐shear strength test on glass–glass bonded joint and found to be in the range of 1.78–2.62 MPa, this property may be attributed to the physical interactions between glass–glass interfaces and the polar‐pendant units present at the polymers backbone. The products showed high optical transparency when they applied between two glass surfaces, the adhesive layers were colorless, with the UV cut‐off wavelength of 300–302 nm, and the maximum transparency of about 90% was observed within the wavelengths range of 400–700 nm. Because of their properties, the cyclolinear poly(aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes) synthesized in this study are recommended as potential candidates for high thermally stable, transparent adhesives required in industrial applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Preparation and properties of poly(propylene carbonate) and nanosized ZnO composite films for packaging applications
Authors: Seo Jongchul , Jeon Gwonyoung , Jang EUi Sung , Bahadar Khan Sher , Han Haksoo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of polypropylene carbonate (PPC)/ZnO nanocomposite films with different ZnO contents were prepared via a solution blending method. The morphological structures, thermal properties, oxygen permeability, water sorption, and antibacterial properties of the films were investigated as a function of ZnO concentration. While all of the composite films with less than 5 wt % ZnO exhibited good dispersion of ZnO in the PPC matrix, FTIR and SEM results revealed that solution blending did not lead to a strong interaction between PPC and unmodified ZnO. As such, poor dispersion was induced in the composite films with a high ZnO content. By incorporating inorganic ZnO filler nanoparticles, the diffusion coefficient, water uptake in equilibrium, and oxygen permeability decreased as the content of ZnO increased. The PPC/ZnO nanocomposite films also displayed a good inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria in the antimicrobial analysis. The enhancement in the physical properties achieved by incorporating ZnO is advantageous in packaging applications, where antimicrobial and environmental‐friendly properties, as well as good water and oxygen barrier characteristics are required. Furthermore, UV light below ∼ 350 nm can be efficiently absorbed by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into a PPC matrix. ZnO nanoparticles can also improve the weatherability of a PPC film. In future research, the compatibility and dispersion of the PPC matrix polymer and the inorganic ZnO filler nanoparticles should be increased. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Trace bensulfuron‐methyl analysis in tap water, soil, and soybean samples by a combination of molecularly imprinted stir bar sorption extraction and HPLC‐UV
Authors: Chen Changbao , Yang Lieqing , Zhou Jie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA molecularly imprinted stir bar was prepared using bensulfuron‐methyl as the template molecule and methacrylic acid as the functional monomer. The imprinted and nonimprinted stir bars were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Extraction time, desorption time and pH value affecting extraction efficiency of the stir bar have been evaluated to achieve the selectively direct preconcentration of the template from aqueous samples. Competitive sorption experiments demonstrated that the imprinted stir bar gave high selectivity and imprinted effect on the template bensulfuron‐methyl compared to the nonimprinted stir bar. Based on S/N of 3, LOD was 0.83 nM. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 92.4% (RSD 1.5%, n = 3) for tap water spiked with 126 ng (100 mL sample), 84.6% (RSD 2.2%, n = 3) for soil spiked with 210 ng (100 g sample) and 73.7% (RSD 2.1%, n = 3) for soybean spiked with 250 ng (5 g sample), suggesting that the imprinted stir bar sorption extraction can be successfully applied to the preconcentration of bensulfuron‐methyl in real samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Processing‐improved properties and morphology of PP/COC blends
Authors: Vacková Tat'ana , Šlouf Miroslav , Nevoralová Martina , Kaprálková Ludmila 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to improve mechanical properties of polypropylene/cycloolefin copolymer (PP/COC) blends by processing‐induced formation of long COC fibers. According to the available literature, the fibrous morphology in PP/COC blends was observed just once by coincidence. For this reason, we focused our attention on finding processing conditions yielding PP/COC fibrous morphology in a well‐defined, reproducible way. A number of PP/COC blends were prepared by both compression molding and injection molding (IM). Neat polymers were characterized by rheological measurements, whereas phase morphology of the resulting PP/COC blends was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The longest COC fibers were achieved in the injection molded PP/COC blends with compositions 75/25 and 70/30 wt %. Elastic modulus and yield strength of all blends were measured as functions of the blend composition using an Instron tensile tester; statistically significant improvement of the yield strength due to fibrous morphology was proved. Moreover, two different models were applied in the analysis of mechanical properties: (i) the equivalent box model for isotropic blends and (ii) the Halpin‐Tsai model for long fiber composites. In all PP/COC blends prepared by IM, the COC fibers were oriented in the processing direction, as documented by SEM micrographs, and acted as a reinforcing component, as evidenced by stress–strain measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and swelling properties of crosslinked poly(orthosilicate)s from cyclohexanedimethanols
Authors: Sonmez Hayal Bulbul , Karadag Koksal , Onaran Gulsah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCondensations of cyclohexanedimethanol derivatives with tetraethyl orthosilicate in the proper stoichiometric ratio produce crosslinked poly(orthosilicate)s. Synthesized crosslinked polymers have swelling abilities in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, benzene and acetone. All these polymers are moderately thermally stable and possess solvent uptake abilities that are not only good and fast but are also regenerable. FTIR, solid‐state 13C, 29Si‐NMR and thermal methods were used to characterize these synthesized polymers. The effects of different cyclohexanedimethanol derivatives on the properties of polymers were also examined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122:1182–1189, 2011
Microporous carbon membranes from sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone): Preparation, characterization, and gas permeation
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wu Yonghong , Wang Tonghua , Qiu Jieshan , Zhang Shouhai 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMicroporous carbon membranes (MCM) were prepared from sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK) through stabilization and pyrolysis processes. The effects of sulfonation degree (SD) of SPPESK and the stabilization temperature on the structure and gas permeation of MCM were investigated. The thermal decomposition behavior of SPPESK was studied by thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry. The evolution of functional groups on membrane surface was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during heat treatment. The resultant MCM was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption technique and pure gas permeation test (including the gases of H2, CO2, O2, and N2), respectively. The results have shown that the removal of sulfonic acid groups in SPPESK leads to a weight loss stage in the temperature range of 250–450°C. The surface area, maximum pore volume, and gas permeability of MCM increase with the SD increasing from 59 to 75%, together with the reduction of selectivity. Similarly, the gas permeability of MCM also increases with elevating the stabilization temperature from 350 to 400°C at the loss of selectivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cytotoxic Property of Surfactant–Cobalt(III) Complexes on a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kumar Rajendran Senthil , Riyasdeen Anvarbatcha , Dinesh Mohanakrishnan , Paul Christo Preethy , Srinag Suresh , Krishnamurthy Hanumanthappa , Arunachalam Sankaralingam , Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkadher 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe cancer chemotherapeutic potential of surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes, cis‐[Co(bpy)2(C14H29NH2)Cl](ClO4)2 · 3 H2O (1) and cis‐[Co(phen)2(C14H29NH2)Cl](ClO4)2 · 3 H2O (2) (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) on MCF‐7 breast cancer cell was determined adopting MTT assay and specific staining techniques. The complexes affected the viability of the cells significantly and the cells succumbed to apoptosis as seen in the changes in the nuclear morphology and cytoplasmic features. Since the complex 2 appeared to be more potent, further assays were carried out on the complex 2. Single‐cell electrophoresis indicated DNA damage. The translocation of phosphatidyl serine and loss of mitochondrial potential was revealed by annexin V‐Cy3 staining and JC‐1 staining respectively. Western blot analysis revealed up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic p53 and down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein. Taken together, the surfactant–cobalt(III) complex 2 would be a potential candidate for further investigation for application as a chemotherapeutic for cancers in general and estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer in particular.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Potent and Selective σ1 Receptor Antagonist with High Antiallodynic Activity
Authors: Utech Tina , Köhler Jens , Buschmann Helmut , Holenz Jörg , Vela Jose Miguel , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBased on the pharmacophore model of Glennon the conformationally restricted σ1 receptor ligand 2 with a 1,3‐dioxane moiety has been designed and synthesized. The three step synthesis (transacetalization with pentane‐1,3,5‐triol, tosylation, and nucleophilic substitution with benzylamine) provided diastereoselectively the cis‐configured 1,3‐dioxane 2 in good yields. The 1,3‐dioxane 2 represents a potent σ1 receptor ligand (Ki = 19 nM) with moderate selectivity over the σ2 subtype (Ki = 92 nM) and excellent selectivity against more than 60 other targets. Additionally the hERG K+ channel is not affected by 2. In the capsaicin assay 2 showed extraordinarily high analgesic activity with more than 70% analgesia at the very low dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight, which indicates σ1 antagonistic activity. Since 2 does only interact with σ1 receptors, the in‐vivo antiallodynic activity of 2 must be attributed to the σ1 antagonistic activity.
Extending consumer categorization based on innovativeness: Intentions and technology clusters in consumer electronics
Authors: van Rijnsoever Frank J. , Castaldi Carolina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractConsumer categorizations based on innovativeness were originally proposed by E.M. Rogers (2003) and remain of relevance for predicting purchasing behavior in high‐tech domains such as consumer electronics. We extend such innovativeness‐based categorizations in two directions: We first take into account the existence of technology clusters within product domains and then enrich the definition of consumer innovativeness by considering not only past adoption behavior but also future purchase intentions. We derive a novel consumer categorization based on data from a sample of 2,094 Dutch consumers for the case of consumer electronics. In so doing, we apply endogenous categorization techniques that represent a methodological improvement with respect to previously applied techniques.
Determining the impact of climate and soil variability on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production in the south‐eastern USA; a simulation study
Authors: Persson Tomas , Ortiz Brenda V. , Bransby David I. , Wu Wei , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial warm‐season grass native to North America. The species is currently being evaluated as a potential feedstock for bioenergy. Growth and yield of switchgrass vary substantially due to weather and soil conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact and implications of weather, climate, and soil variability on switchgrass production in the south‐eastern USA using a crop simulation model. We simulated switchgrass growth and yield as a function of weather, soil, and crop management with the Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model. The model was first evaluated with switchgrass data from five field experiments conducted throughout Alabama. Subsequently, switchgrass growth and yield were simulated for climate and soil conditions representing the Tennessee River Valley region of northern Alabama and Georgia. Based on the simulations, we evaluated switchgrass production potential in this region under different climate and land‐use scenarios. Weather data from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s were included to account for the climate variability during the twentieth century. The average annual simulated switchgrass yield across the region was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the 1950s (13 740 kg d.m. ha−1) and the 1980s' climate (14 162 kg d.m. ha−1) than for the 1960s' climate (12 492 kg d.m. ha−1). The annual production potential for the region ranged from 64 977 and 83 915 metric t due to spatial variability in climate and soil conditions. Using results and implementing the approach from this study can help plan switchgrass‐based bioenergy systems. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sustainability Governance Across Time and Space: Connecting Environmental Stewardship in the Firm with the Global Community
Authors: Heuer Mark 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTTo differentiate ecosystem management, three models of firm‐level environmental stewardship are paired with three types of trust, which serve as informal governance mechanisms. The interconnectedness of organizational fields and the influence of intertemporality and interspatiality (time and space) are key dynamics in developing decentralized networks as an approach for linking firms, organizational fields, and global sustainability efforts. Interviews with 18 firms, government agencies, and nonprofit‐making organizations from Japan and the USA are utilized to discuss the key concepts in the paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Influences on Sustainable Innovation Adoption: Evidence from Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Authors: Gauthier Jeffrey , Wooldridge Bill 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe adoption of innovations associated with environmental sustainability has been a topic of growing interest among scholars. The research presented in this paper draws on Abrahamson's theoretical framework of fads and fashions to argue that dimensions of uncertainty and degree of external versus internal influence provide significant insights into firms' decisions to adopt sustainable building innovations. We develop three hypotheses, reflecting three views of adoption influence: fad, fashion, and efficient‐choice. We find that adoption of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building certification in the United States was more likely among firms similarly oriented toward end‐consumers and among firms strategically positioned as environmental leaders. These results provide support for the fad and efficient‐choice views of adoption, respectively. Contrary to expectations suggested by the fashion perspective, adoption was not more likely among firms located in states whose political leaders are more committed to environmental protection. Our findings offer important implications for practitioners and policy makers seeking to encourage sustainable building design. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.