bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining and responding to conflict between African American and Jewish American students on a college campus
Authors: Blumenfeld Warren J. , Robinson Lisa D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the spring of 1995, Warren J. Blumenfeld and Lisa D. Robinson, doctoral candidates in the Social Justice Education Program at the University of Massachusetts–Amherst, interviewed several undergraduate students of African and Jewish heritage at the university to accumulate information focusing on the question, “What is the relationship on campus between African American and Jewish American students?” The results from this sample showed that there were indeed tension, conflict, and misunderstanding on campus between the two groups, which are particularly heightened when outside speakers are brought to campus. As a result of this initial research project, they designed and facilitated a general education, two–credit, full‐weekend course at an off–campus conference site, bringing together undergraduate students of African and Jewish heritage. The instructors share the results of their survey and the design, facilitation, and evaluation of their course, EDUC 396J: African American and Jewish American Students Dialogue, within the historical background of race relations at the university.
A Bio‐Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Selective CO2 Capture: A Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Chen Yifei , Jiang Jianwen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA recently synthesized bio‐metal–organic framework (bio‐MOF‐11) is investigated for CO2 capture by molecular simulation. The adenine biomolecular linkers in bio‐MOF‐11 contain Lewis basic amino and pyrimidine groups as the preferential adsorption sites. The simulated and experimental adsorption isotherms of pure CO2, H2, and N2 are in perfect agreement. Bio‐MOF‐11 exhibits larger adsorption capacities compared to numerous zeolites, activated carbons, and MOFs, which is attributed to the presence of multiple Lewis basic sites and nano‐sized channels. The results for the adsorption of CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 mixtures in bio‐MOF‐11 show that CO2 is more dominantly adsorbed than H2 and N2. With increasing pressure, the selectivity of CO2/H2 initially increases owing to the strong interactions between CO2 and the framework, and then decreases as a consequence of the entropy effect. However, the selectivity of CO2/N2 monotonically increases with increasing pressure and finally reaches a constant. The selectivities in bio‐MOF‐11 are higher than in many nanoporous materials. The simulation results also reveal that a small amount of H2O has a negligible effect on the separation of CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 mixtures. The simulation study provides quantitative microscopic insight into the adsorption mechanism in bio‐MOF‐11 and suggests that bio‐MOF‐11 may be interesting for pre‐ and post‐combustion CO2 capture.
Surface‐Driven Asymmetry and Instability in the Acceleration Region of Hall Thruster
Authors: Taccogna F. , Longo S. , Capitelli M. , Schneider R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt has been shown experimentally that the channel wall material has a substantial effect on the behaviour of Hall discharges. For this reason, the radial profile inside the Hall thruster SPT‐100 is investigated in detail. This is done by a one‐dimensional fully kinetic self‐consistent Particle‐in‐Cell model between the two walls in the acceleration region of the channel. A detailed Monte Carlo probabilistic model for secondary electron emission is implemented as boundary module. Using the local field approximation, two different operative conditions (axial electric field Ez =100 V/cm and 300 V/cm) have been simulated. For high discharge voltage case, a strong radial asymmetry and a stream instability propagating all along the radial domain are detected, while in the low voltage case a stable classical situation is recovered. The critical parameters for triggering this unstable regime are the electron azimuthal drift energy and the induced secondary electron emission, while the saturation mechanism is the increasing of the temperature of the initially cold secondary‐electrons. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐term time series analysis of quantum dot encoded cells by deconvolution of the autofluorescence signal
Authors: Brown M. Rowan , Summers Huw D. , Rees Paul. , Chappell Sally C. , Silvestre Oscar F. , Khan Imtiaz A. , Smith Paul J. , Errington Rachel J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe monitoring of cells labeled with quantum dot endosome‐targeted markers in a highly proliferative population provides a quantitative approach to determine the redistribution of quantum dot signal as cells divide over generations. We demonstrate that the use of time‐series flow cytometry in conjunction with a stochastic numerical simulation to provide a means to describe the proliferative features and quantum dot inheritance over multiple generations of a human tumor population. However, the core challenge for long‐term tracking where the original quantum dot fluorescence signal over time becomes redistributed across a greater cell number requires accountability of background fluorescence in the simulation. By including an autofluorescence component, we are able to continue even when this signal predominates (i.e., >80% of the total signal) and obtain valid readouts of the proliferative system. We determine the robustness of the technique by tracking a human osteosarcoma cell population over 8 days and discuss the accuracy and certainty of the model parameters obtained. This systems biology approach provides insight into both cell heterogeneity and division dynamics within the population and furthermore informs on the lineage history of its members. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Prolonged cutaneous analgesia in rats induced by 3‐acetylaconitine as an additive
Authors: Wang Chi‐Fei , Gerner Peter , Schmidt Birgitta , Wang Sho‐Ya , Wang Ging Kuo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract3‐Acetylaconitine (3AA) is an “aconitine‐like” plant alkaloid that has been used as an analgesic agent for the treatment of chronic pain and rheumatoid arthritis in China. Aconitine‐like alkaloids appear to target the CNS for their analgesic action, although they also display local anesthetic properties. We tested whether 3AA prolonged cutaneous analgesia in rats when co‐injected with lidocaine (0.5%) and epinephrine (1:200,000), a mixture commonly used in infiltration anesthesia. Inhibition of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex was evaluated quantitatively by pinpricks applied to the injected area. Co‐injection of lidocaine and epinephrine with 3AA ranging within 50–125 µM elicited complete cutaneous analgesia in vivo lasting 3–12 h, and full recovery occurred after ∼5–8 days in a 3AA concentration‐dependent manner. In contrast, cutaneous analgesia induced by the mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine or by 3AA alone in rats was significantly shorter. No adverse systemic effects or local toxicities were evident after injection of 3AA as an additive. Our results suggest that “aconitine‐like” alkaloids could be exploited as an additive for long‐lasting cutaneous analgesia. Drug Dev Res 69: 83–88, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of isatin‐isoniazid derivatives on drug metabolizing and chemoprotective enzymes in mice
Authors: El‐Sayed Wael M. , Aboul‐Fadl Tarek , Franklin Michael R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour isatin‐isoniazid derivatives with proven efficacy against resistant strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, that had greater lipophilicity than isoniazid were evaluated for effects on hepatic drug metabolizing and chemoprotective enzymes and compared to isoniazid. Following intragastric administration to mice (75 or 150 mg/kg×3 days), none of the four compounds exhibited hepatotoxicity, and only isoniazid was found to elevate CYP2E1 activity. All compounds slightly elevated Cyp1a1/2 mRNA levels, but these did not result in increased methoxyresorufin demethylase activity. With the exception of isoniazid, approximately twofold elevations in Ugt1a mRNAs (seen with isatin‐isoniazid [Ugt1a1, Ugt1a6, Ugt1a9], 1‐propynylisatin‐isoniazid [Ugt1a1, Ugt1a9], and 1‐propylisatin‐isoniazid [Ugt1a1]) also did not result in changes in 4‐nitrophenol glucuronidation activity. 1‐Benzylisatin‐isoniazid was the only compound that (1) elevated Ugt2b5 mRNA, and (2) like isoniazid, had no effect on glutathione transferase activities and mRNAs. 1‐Propynylisatin‐isoniazid elevated glutathione transferase activity toward 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene, 1‐propylisatin‐isoniazid decreased the 2.4‐kb Gstp transcript, and isatin‐isoniazid increased Gsta, Gstm, and the 1.2‐kb Gstp transcripts. None of the four compounds affected glutathione peroxidase activity, although 1‐propynylisatin‐isoniazid and 1‐benzylisatin‐isoniazid elevated mRNA transcripts. None of the four compounds affected microsomal epoxide hydrolase or thioredoxin reductase activities but, in parallel, isoniazid, 1‐propynylisatin‐isoniazid, and 1‐propylisatin‐isoniazid elevated mRNAs of each. 1‐Propynylisatin‐isoniazid, 1‐propylisatin‐isoniazid, and 1‐benzylisatin‐isoniazid, and isoniazid, elevated quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1) mRNA, but only 1‐propylisatin‐isoniazid elevated the activity. Altogether, and despite some changes in mRNA expression, the novel isatin‐isoniazid derivatives had only minor effects on mouse hepatic enzyme activities and are worthy of further investigation as possible therapeutic agents likely free of major induction‐related drug–drug interactions. Drug Dev Res 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin therapy and quality of life. A review
Authors: Pouwer François , Hermanns Norbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree central goals in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are (1) the avoidance of hyperglycaemia to prevent the development or progression of diabetes complications over time, (2) the avoidance of hypoglycaemia and (3) the maintenance or achievement of good quality of life. Insulin is the most powerful agent that can be used to control blood glucose levels. This article reviews the studies that have investigated the effects of different types of insulin and insulin delivery techniques on quality of life of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. First, the concept of ‘quality of life’ (QoL) is defined and different ways of measuring QoL are explained. Secondly, the effects of different aspects of insulin therapy on QoL are reviewed: (1) the phenomenon of ‘psychological insulin resistance’; (2) the effects of different types of insulin: regular insulin versus short‐acting insulin analogues, long‐acting insulin analogues or biphasic mixtures; (3) multiple daily injections versus pump therapy.Having multiple complications of diabetes is clearly associated with decreased QoL. Results from large studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) suggest that intensive treatment itself does not impair QoL. Recent findings further suggest that pump therapy, compared to multiple daily injections, has beneficial effects on QoL. The fact that multiple tools are used to assess QoL makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the effects of different types of insulin on QoL. More work on the standardization of the assessment of QoL in diabetes is urgently needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity, a key factor to quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Zanuso Silvano , Balducci Stefano , Jimenez Alfonso 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExercise as a public health tool has largely been built around its plausible impact on physical health, including a positive impact on the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. There is a growing interest in its potential to influence other aspects of quality of life such as mental health and general well‐being. The effects of physical activity on overall quality of life are well established in the general population and have been analyzed on various dimensions of the Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQL) including physical and social functioning; subjective well‐being, emotion and mood; self esteem and self‐perception; cognitive performance; and sleep quality.Even though the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise on physical health has been shown in numerous studies, less evidence is available to show if similar positive improvements in well‐being can be seen in subjects with type 2 diabetes.The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize the efficacy of structured exercise counseling on the well‐being of type 2 diabetic patients and make some general recommendations. As such, although there is more to be learned about effective strategies in clinical practice, it seems clear that the intervention needs to incorporate individualization and long‐term interaction with trained facilitators. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technology and the issue of cost/benefit in diabetes
Authors: Giannini Cosimo , Mohn Angelika , Chiarelli Francesco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in childhood and adolescence. Type 1 diabetes accounts for over 90% of diabetes in children. During the past decades, epidemiological studies have clearly shown a worldwide increase in the incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in many countries. The worldwide incidence of diabetes and especially the diabetes‐related complications highlight the relevant economic burden of this disease. In fact, its costs affect health services, national productivity as well as individuals and families. Hospital in‐patient costs for the treatment of complications are the largest single contributor to direct healthcare costs. Anyway, many of these complications and, therefore, their costs, as well as most of the indirect costs, are partially or completely preventable. In fact, intensive therapy, directed at controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid levels, has been shown to be cost effective in that, although initial costs are high, longer term costs decrease as a result of delayed or prevented complications.From this point of view, technological advances have provided new therapeutic options to achieve metabolic control as close to normal as possible in children and adolescents with diabetes. In fact, the relevant technological devices that have been adopted till now, if adequately utilized, should allow patients to achieve intensive management with improved metabolic control, quality of life as well as reduced mortality and morbidity. However, new technologies are not a panacea, and the benefit they provide can be completely achieved only if adequately and especially individually determined. Furthermore, it is inevitable that new modalities of treatment for people with diabetes will be considered critically by healthcare planners and providers in the prevailing global environment of increasing costs of medical care and pressure for rational allocation of resources. Therefore, new technologically derived devices and therapeutic opportunity for diabetes should be rationally utilized in order to offer real advantages and reduce the relevant worldwide cost of diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carnitine and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mynatt Randall L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies in humans and animals demonstrate that “lipid over supply” causes or worsens insulin resistance via multiple mechanisms involving the accumulation of intracellular lipids in multiple tissues. In particular, the accumulation of fatty acyl CoA derivatives/metabolites in muscle inhibits both insulin signaling and glucose oxidation. Therefore agents that ameliorate the accumulation of fatty acyl CoA derivatives and/or their metabolites would be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of insulin resistance and T2D.Hyperinsulemic/euglycemic clamp studies in humans and carnitine supplementation studies in rodents provide “proof‐of‐concept” that carnitine is effective at improving insulin‐stimulated glucose utilization and in reversing abnormalities of fuel metabolism associated with T2D.Carefully controlled clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy dietary carnitine supplementation as an adjunctive treatment for type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sociotechnical issues for the ubiquitous information society in 2010
Authors: Funabashi Motohisa , Homma Koichi , Sasaki Toshiro , Sato Yoshinori , Kido Kunihiko , Fukumoto Takashi , Yano Koujin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImpact of the ubiquitous information technology on our society is so significant that directing technological development and preparing institutional apparatus are quite important and urgent. The present paper elaborates, with the efforts by both humanity and engineering disciplines, to find the sociotechnical issues of ubiquitous information society in 2010 by inspecting social implications of emerging technology as well as social expectations. In order to deliberate the issues, scenarios are developed that describe possible life in ubiquitous information society. The derived issues cover integrating information technology and the human body, producing smart sharable environment, protecting individual rights, fostering new service business, and forming community. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 60–67, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20565
High‐Voltage Pulse Generation in Nonlinear Transmission Line with Ceramic Capacitors
Authors: Suzukif Hiromitsu , Ibuka Shinji , Miyazawa Takehiro , Ishii Shozo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsual axial cables and aerial lines are distributed constant linear transmission lines which can transmit a pulse without changing its initial shape. On the other hand, a nonlinear transmission line consisting of nonlinear capacitors can sharpen the front of a propagating pulse. In this study, a transmission line with commercially available ferroelectric BaTiO3ceramic capacitors is constructed to obtain high‐voltage pulses with short rise‐time. Strong dependence of their capacitance on the applied voltage has been found. The rise‐time of the input pulse with 300 V in amplitude was shortened from 60 ns after propagating through the line.
Steep Impulse Voltage Characteristics of Suspension Insulators
Authors: Morita Kenji , Imakoma Takashi , Nishikawa Morio , Nozaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTransmission and distribution lines are sometimes struck by lightning and there is some risk of electrical puncture of suspension insulators due to high and steep lightning surge voltage. When the insulators suffer from steep lightning surge voltages, the solid insulating body of the insulators sometimes is punctured before external flashover in the air occurs. These characteristics were investigated on the insulators in the laboratory by using different steep impulse voltages.From the investigation results, both V‐t characteristics of external flashover and internal puncture were obtained on the insulators. It was found that the puncture of the insulators is a matter of probability, depending on the dimensions of the insulators, steep impulse voltages and number of impulse voltage applications. Especially, the effect of number of voltage applications on puncture probability was clarified and partial damage by a small number of voltage applications was verified before complete puncture occurred. Based on the study results, an empirical equation relating to probability of puncture (P), impulse voltage (V) and number of voltage applications (N) was established.
Dynamic Voltage Stability of Power Systems Based on Fundamental Experiments
Authors: Maeda Tatsumi , Ohnishi Tokuo , Suzukt Takayuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently built electric power systems have become very large and complicated. As a consequence, voltage collapse at the load end of these power systems has been observed. Voltage stability problems of power systems are being addressed, with many reports on voltage instability phenomena. However, most of these reports present only the phenomena for normal cases of balanced transmission line conditions.This paper discusses voltage stability of a power system using experimental results. The influences of both load condition and faults condition of the transmission line on the dynamic voltage stability and the propssive speed of unstable phenomena arc discussed. Also investigated an improvements to voltage stability and the transient phenomena of the power system when the fault transmission line is closed with a multiple reclosing system.
A Method of Determining Target Configurations for Power System Restoration Using a Mixed Integer Programming Approach
Authors: Nagata Takeshi , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kitagawa Minoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhen electricity supply is interrupted due to a fault, it is essential that the power system be restored promptly according to an adequately planned restoration procedure. A problem of obtaining an appropriate target system for restoration is referred to as a power system restoration problem. The authors have already proposed a very efficient method based on the network simplex method which is in the category of mathematical programming approaches. Although the method is effective for most system conditions, it is likely to give an undesirable result in the case of abnormal network conditions.This paper proposes an effective and computationally fast solution algorithm based on the mixed integer programming approach, which can resolve the shortcoming of the former method The solution speed is improved greatly by incorporating the, restoration strategies of system operators. The following assumptions are postulated in this approach: (1)0–1 variables are allocated to branches and loads to present their status; (2) continuous variables are taken to represent branch flows: and (3) costs are assigned to branches to represent their priorities during restorative operations and power flow limits. The proposed approach can be used to complement the former approach.The new approach has been applied to restoration problems of practical size, and simulation results demonstrate its advantage over the former method for intricate operating conditions.
The sequential activity of Gata3 and Thpok is required for the differentiation of CD1d‐restricted CD4+ NKT cells
Authors: Wang Lie , Carr Tiffany , Xiong Yumei , Wildt Kathryn F. , Zhu Jinfang , Feigenbaum Lionel , Bendelac Albert , Bosselut Rémy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhile most CD4+ T cells are MHC class II‐restricted, a small subset, including the CD1d‐restricted ‘invariant’ NKT (iNKT) cells, are selected on non‐classical MHC‐I or MHC‐I‐like molecules. We previously showed that the sequential activity of two zinc finger transcription factors, Gata3 and Thpok, promotes the differentiation of conventional, MHC II‐restricted thymocytes into CD4+ T cells. In the current study, we show that a Gata3‐Thpok cascade is required for the differentiation of CD4+ iNKT cells. Gata3 is required for iNKT cells to express Thpok, whereas Thpok is needed for proper NKT cell differentiation, and notably for NKT cells to maintain CD4 and terminate CD8 expression. These findings identify the sequential activity of Gata3 and Thpok as a hallmark of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation, regardless of MHC restriction.
Ferromagnetic Properties of a Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complex with a Trithiocyanurate Bridge (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 36/2009)
Authors: Kopel Pavel , Mrozinski Jerzy , Doležal Karel , Langer Vratislav , Boča Roman , Bieńko Alina , Pochaba Andrzej 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structure of a new trinuclear nickel(II) complex with N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdien) and a trithiocyanurate(3–) (ttc3–) bridge, [Ni3(pmdien)3(μ‐ttc)](ClO4)3. This trimer shows ferromagnetic interactions among nickel(II) magnetic centers and spin glass properties, which has been confirmed by the magnetization measurements at different temperatures, where the hysteresis loop is well visible in AC, FCM, and ZFCM measurements. Details are discussed in the article by J. Mrozinski et al. on p. 5475 ff.