bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfamily Transfer of TomatoVe1MediatesVerticilliumResistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Fradin Emilie F. , Abd-El-Haliem Ahmed , Masini Laura , van den Berg Grardy C.M. , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVascular wilts caused by soil-borne fungal species of the Verticillium genus are devastating plant diseases. The most common species, Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum, have broad host ranges and are notoriously difficult to control. Therefore, genetic resistance is the preferred method for disease control. Only from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a Verticillium resistance locus been cloned, comprising the Ve1 gene that encodes a receptor-like protein-type cell surface receptor. Due to lack of a suitable model for receptor-like protein (RLP)-mediated resistance signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), so far relatively little is known about RLP signaling in pathogen resistance. Here, we show that Ve1 remains fully functional after interfamily transfer to Arabidopsis and that Ve1-transgenic Arabidopsis is resistant to race 1 but not to race 2 strains of V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum, nor to the Brassicaceae-specific pathogen Verticillium longisporum. Furthermore, we show that signaling components utilized by Ve1 in Arabidopsis to establish Verticillium resistance overlap with those required in tomato and include SERK3/BAK1, EDS1, and NDR1, which strongly suggests that critical components for resistance signaling are conserved. We subsequently investigated the requirement of SERK family members for Ve1 resistance in Arabidopsis, revealing that SERK1 is required in addition to SERK3/BAK1. Using virus-induced gene silencing, the requirement of SERK1 for Ve1-mediated resistance was confirmed in tomato. Moreover, we show the requirement of SERK1 for resistance against the foliar fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum mediated by the RLP Cf-4. Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis can be used as model to unravel the genetics of Ve1-mediated resistance.
Genetic characterization of Latin‐American Creole cattle using microsatellite markers
Authors: Delgado J. V. , Martínez A. M. , Acosta A. , Álvarez L. A. , Armstrong E. , Camacho E. , Cañón J. , Cortés O. , Dunner S. , Landi V. , Marques J. R. , Martín‐Burriel I. , Martínez O. R. , Martínez R. D. , Melucci L. , Muñoz J. E. , Penedo M. C. T. , Postiglioni A. , Quiróz J. , Rodellar C. , Sponenberg P. , Uffo O. , Ulloa‐Arvizu R. , Vega‐Pla J. L. , Villalobos A. , Zambrano D. , Zaragoza P. , Gama L. T. , Ginja C. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryGenetic diversity in and relationships among 26 Creole cattle breeds from 10 American countries were assessed using 19 microsatellites. Heterozygosities, F‐statistics estimates, genetic distances, multivariate analyses and assignment tests were performed. The levels of within‐breed diversity detected in Creole cattle were considerable and higher than those previously reported for European breeds, but similar to those found in other Latin American breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for 8.4% of the total genetic variability. Most breeds clustered separately when the number of pre‐defined populations was 21 (the most probable K value), with the exception of some closely related breeds that shared the same cluster and others that were admixed. Despite the high genetic diversity detected, significant inbreeding was also observed within some breeds, and heterozygote excess was detected in others. These results indicate that Creoles represent important reservoirs of cattle genetic diversity and that appropriate conservation measures should be implemented for these native breeds in order to minimize inbreeding and uncontrolled crossbreeding.
Accuracy of genotype imputation in sheep breeds
Authors: Hayes B. J. , Bowman P. J. , Daetwyler H. D. , Kijas J. W. , van der Werf J. H. J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAlthough genomic selection offers the prospect of improving the rate of genetic gain in meat, wool and dairy sheep breeding programs, the key constraint is likely to be the cost of genotyping. Potentially, this constraint can be overcome by genotyping selection candidates for a low density (low cost) panel of SNPs with sparse genotype coverage, imputing a much higher density of SNP genotypes using a densely genotyped reference population. These imputed genotypes would then be used with a prediction equation to produce genomic estimated breeding values. In the future, it may also be desirable to impute very dense marker genotypes or even whole genome re‐sequence data from moderate density SNP panels. Such a strategy could lead to an accurate prediction of genomic estimated breeding values across breeds, for example. We used genotypes from 48 640 (50K) SNPs genotyped in four sheep breeds to investigate both the accuracy of imputation of the 50K SNPs from low density SNP panels, as well as prospects for imputing very dense or whole genome re‐sequence data from the 50K SNPs (by leaving out a small number of the 50K SNPs at random). Accuracy of imputation was low if the sparse panel had less than 5000 (5K) markers. Across breeds, it was clear that the accuracy of imputing from sparse marker panels to 50K was higher if the genetic diversity within a breed was lower, such that relationships among animals in that breed were higher. The accuracy of imputation from sparse genotypes to 50K genotypes was higher when the imputation was performed within breed rather than when pooling all the data, despite the fact that the pooled reference set was much larger. For Border Leicesters, Poll Dorsets and White Suffolks, 5K sparse genotypes were sufficient to impute 50K with 80% accuracy. For Merinos, the accuracy of imputing 50K from 5K was lower at 71%, despite a large number of animals with full genotypes (2215) being used as a reference. For all breeds, the relationship of individuals to the reference explained up to 64% of the variation in accuracy of imputation, demonstrating that accuracy of imputation can be increased if sires and other ancestors of the individuals to be imputed are included in the reference population. The accuracy of imputation could also be increased if pedigree information was available and was used in tracking inheritance of large chromosome segments within families. In our study, we only considered methods of imputation based on population‐wide linkage disequilibrium (largely because the pedigree for some of the populations was incomplete). Finally, in the scenarios designed to mimic imputation of high density or whole genome re‐sequence data from the 50K panel, the accuracy of imputation was much higher (86–96%). This is promising, suggesting that in silico genome re‐sequencing is possible in sheep if a suitable pool of key ancestors is sequenced for each breed.
Identification of an FBN1 mutation in bovine Marfan syndrome‐like disease
Authors: Hirano T. , Matsuhashi T. , Kobayashi N. , Watanabe T. , Sugimoto Y. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryMutations in the gene encoding fibrillin‐1 (FBN1), a component of the extracellular microfibril, cause Marfan syndrome (MFS). Frequent observation of cattle with a normal withers height, but lower body weight than age‐matched normal cattle, was recently reported among cattle sired by phenotypically normal Bull A, in Japanese Black cattle. These cattle also showed other characteristic features similar to the clinical phenotype of human MFS, such as a long phalanx proximalis, oval face and crystalline lens cloudiness. We first screened a paternal half‐sib family comprising 36 affected and 10 normal offspring of Bull A using the BovineSNP50 BeadChip (illumina). Twenty‐two microsatellite markers mapped to a significant region on BTA10 were subsequently genotyped on the family. The bovine Marfan syndrome‐like disease (MFSL) was mapped onto BTA10. As FBN1 is located in the significant region, FBN1 was sequenced in Bull A, and three affected and one normal cattle. A G>A mutation at the intron64 splicing accepter site (c.8227‐1G>A) was detected in 31 of 36 affected animals (84.7%). The c.8227‐1G>A polymorphism was not found in 20 normal offspring of Bull A or in 93 normal cattle unrelated to Bull A. The mutation caused a 1‐base shift of the intron64 splicing accepter site to the 3′ direction, and a 1‐base deletion in processed mRNA. This 1‐base deletion creates a premature termination codon, and a 125‐amino acid shorter Fibrillin‐1 protein is produced from the mutant mRNA. We therefore conclude that the c.8227‐1G>A mutation is causative for MFSL. Furthermore, it was suggested that Bull A exhibited germline mosaicism for the mutation, and that the frequency of the mutant sperm was 14.9%.
The effectiveness of training and support for carers and other professionals on the physical and emotional health and well‐being of looked‐after children and young people: a systematic review
Authors: Everson‐Hock E. S. , Jones R. , Guillaume L. , Clapton J. , Goyder E. , Chilcott J. , Payne N. , Duenas A. , Sheppard L. M. , Swann C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLooked‐after children and young people (LACYP) are recognized as a high‐risk group for behavioural and emotional problems, and additional specialist training for foster carers may reduce such problems. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of additional training and support provided to approved carers, professionals and volunteers on the physical and emotional health and well‐being of LACYP (including problem behaviours and placement stability). Searches of health and social science databases were conducted and records were screened for inclusion criteria. Citation and reference list searches were conducted on included studies. Included studies were synthesized and critically appraised. Six studies were included (five randomized controlled trials and one prospective cohort study), all of which focused on foster carers. Three studies reported a benefit of training and three reported no benefit but no detriment. Those reporting a benefit of training were conducted in the USA, and had longer‐duration training, shorter follow‐up assessment and recruited carers of younger children than studies that reported no benefit of training, which were conducted in the UK. Whether the difference in results is due to the type of training or to cultural or population differences is unclear. The findings suggest a mixed effect of training for foster carers on problem behaviours of LACYP. The evidence identified appears to suggest that longer‐duration training programmes have a beneficial effect on the behaviour problems of LACYP, although future research should examine the impact of training durations and intensity on short–medium and longer‐term outcomes of LACYP of different ages. Only training and support for foster carers was identified.
Effect of plant development during first and second growth cycle on chemical composition, condensed tannins and nutritive value of three sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) varieties and lucerne
Authors: Theodoridou K. , Aufrère J. , Andueza D. , Le Morvan A. , Picard F. , Stringano E. , Pourrat J. , Mueller‐Harvey I. , Baumont R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a temperate legume that contains condensed tannins (CT), i.e., polyphenols that are able to bind proteins and thus reduce protein degradation in the rumen. Few studies have investigated the relation between plant phenology, CT characteristics and nutritive value of sainfoin. In this study we investigated differences among three sainfoin varieties (Esparcette, Ambra and Villahoz) that were of different geographical origin, and which were cultivated at the same site over the course of two growth cycles and compared with a tannin‐free legume, lucerne (Aubigny). Plants were harvested on nine dates in the first and four dates in the second growth cycle. Phenological stages were analysed for leaf‐to‐whole‐plant ratio, nitrogen (N), organic matter digestibility (OMd) by the pepsin‐cellulase method, cell‐wall concentration, N solubility (solN) plus CT concentration, biological activity and structures. Leaf‐to‐whole‐plant, cell‐wall concentration, N of sainfoin and lucerne were closely related to the phenological stage. Although sainfoin developed earlier than lucerne, its pepsin‐cellulase digestibility was higher than or close to lucerne. Esparcette had the lowest OMd, N and solN and the highest CT concentration. CT concentration, proportion of prodelphinidins (PD) and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) increased with the phenological stage (or plant maturity), and these parameters were associated with lower biological activity of CT. Sainfoin varieties differed in their relationships between phenological stages, nutritional parameters and CT characteristics. The results demonstrated that sainfoin can be a valuable alternative forage legume to lucerne.
Reliability and validity of Web‐SPAN, a web‐based method for assessing weight status, diet and physical activity in youth
Authors: Storey K. E. , McCargar L. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  Web‐based surveys are becoming increasing popular. The present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Web‐Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Web‐SPAN) for self‐report of height and weight, diet and physical activity by youth.Methods:  School children aged 11–15 years (grades 7–9; n = 459) participated in the school‐based research (boys, n = 225; girls, n = 233; mean age, 12.8 years). Students completed Web‐SPAN (self‐administered) twice and participated in on‐site school assessments [height, weight, 3‐day food/pedometer record, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ‐C), shuttle run]. Intraclass (ICC) and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and paired samples t‐tests were used to assess the test–retest reliability of Web‐SPAN and to compare Web‐SPAN with the on‐site assessments.Results:  Test–retest reliability for height (ICC = 0.90), weight (ICC = 0.98) and the PAQ‐C (ICC = 0.79) were highly correlated, whereas correlations for nutrients were not as strong (ICC = 0.37–0.64). There were no differences between Web‐SPAN times 1 and 2 for height and weight, although there were differences for the PAQ‐C and most nutrients. Web‐SPAN was strongly correlated with the on‐site assessments, including height (ICC = 0.88), weight (ICC = 0.93) and the PAQ‐C (ICC = 0.70). Mean differences for height and the PAQ‐C were not significant, whereas mean differences for weight were significant resulting in an underestimation of being overweight/obesity prevalence (84% agreement). Correlations for nutrients were in the range 0.24–0.40; mean differences were small but generally significantly different. Correlations were weak between the web‐based PAQ‐C and 3‐day pedometer record (r = 0.28) and 20‐m shuttle run (r = 0.28).Conclusions:  Web‐SPAN is a time‐ and cost‐effective method that can be used to assess the diet and physical activity status of youth in large cross‐sectional studies and to assess group trends (weight status).
Comparison of the oral bioavailability and tissue disposition of monensin and salinomycin in chickens and turkeys
Authors: HENRI J. , MAURICE R. , POSTOLLEC G. , DUBREIL‐CHENEAU E. , ROUDAUT B. , LAURENTIE M. , SANDERS P. 
Published: May 2011

Henri, J., Maurice, R., Postollec, G., Dubreil‐Cheneau, E., Roudaut, B., Laurentie, M., Sanders, P. Comparison of the oral bioavailability and tissue disposition of monensin and salinomycin in chickens and turkeys.J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 73–81.The current study describes the pharmacokinetic parameters of two carboxylic polyether ionophores: monensin in turkeys and salinomycin in chickens. These data can be used to understand and predict the occurrence of undesirable residues of coccidiostats in edible tissues of these animal species. Special attention is paid to the distribution of residues between the different edible tissues during and at the end of the treatment period. For the bioavailability studies, monensin was administered to turkeys intravenously, in the left wing vein, at a dose of 0.4 mg /kg and orally at a dose of 20 mg /kg. Salinomycin was administered to chickens intravenously, in the left wing vein, at a dose of 0.25 mg /kg and orally at a dose of 2.5 mg /kg. Residue studies were carried out with supplemented feed at the rate of 100 mg /kg of feed for monensin in turkeys and 70 mg /kg for salinomycin in chickens, respectively. Coccidiostats had a low bioavailability in poultry (around 30% for monensin in chickens, around 1% for monensin in turkeys and around 15% for salinomycin in chickens). Monensin in chickens had a longer terminal half‐life (between 3.07 and 5.55 h) than both monensin in turkeys (between 1.36 and 1.55 h) and salinomycin in chickens (between 1.33 and 1.79 h). The tissue /plasma partition coefficients showed a higher affinity of both monensin and salinomycin for fat, followed by liver and muscle tissue. The depletion data showed a fairly rapid elimination of coccidiostats in all the tissues after cessation of treatment. According to the results of depletion studies, a withdrawal period of 1 day seems sufficient to avoid undesirable exposure of consumers.
Effects of shock‐induced incongruent melting within Earth’s crust: the case of biotite melting
Authors: Silva Dailto , Lana Cristiano , Stevens Gary , Souza Filho Carlos R. 
Published: May 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 225–231, 2011AbstractBiotite is an abundant hydrous silicate in the Earth’s crust and plays a critical role in the formation of felsic magmas via incongruent melting. Although biotite incongruent melting reactions have been described for various contact and regional metamorphic environments, the effects of impact‐induced melting of biotite remain poorly understood. Our observations from the 40‐km‐wide Araguainha impact structure indicate that biotite can undergo incongruent melting during impact processes, producing aluminous melts that can accumulate as pockets or fracture networks in crystalline target rocks. We observed that as much as 9% of the crystalline target at Araguainha is a crystallization product after biotite breakdown. Given the relatively low shock pressures recorded in the Araguainha central uplift (20–25 GPa), our results imply that impacts in the size of Araguainha or larger are capable of generating substantial volumes of incongruent aluminous melts in crystalline crust underlying large (>40 km diameter) impact structures.
Pulse steroids as induction therapy for children with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Nagata Satoru , Ohtani Kiyotaka , Fujii Tohru , Wada Mariko , Haruna Hidenori , Shoji Hiromichi , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki , Yamashiro Yuichiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  Corticosteroids therapy, classically the first‐line treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), often causes serious side‐effects. Theoretically, pulse steroid therapy where high doses are given for a shorter period may have maximal beneficial effects and minimal side‐effects as induction therapy for UC. We have therefore retrospectively compared induction therapy using pulse steroids with conventional steroid treatment for children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe UC.Methods:  We utilized conventional steroid treatment (prednisolone 1–1.5 mg/kg/day) as an induction treatment in 17 UC patients between 1985 and 2006. Alternatively we used a 3‐day megadose pulse steroid therapy (methylprednisolone intravenously 20–30 mg/kg/day, max. 1000mg/day) in 20 UC patients from 1993 to 2006.Results:  Pulse steroid therapy successfully induced rapid remission in UC patients with moderate‐to‐severe disease compared with conventional treatment (13.2 days vs 25.1 days; P < 0.05). The amelioration of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score between before and 1 week after pulse steroid therapy was significantly more than that of conventional treatment (P < 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed in the patients treated with pulse steroid therapy. However, the rate of the relapse episodes during the next 12 months after pulse steroid therapy was not significantly different from that after conventional treatment.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that pulse steroid therapy is an option to be considered in children with moderate‐to‐severe UC.
Ain't about Politics? The Wicked Power‐Geometry of Sydney's Greening Governance
Authors: ACUTO MICHELE 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe globalization of Sydney and its rise to world city status tell us a profoundly political story that presents critical challenges both in terms of local development and long‐term sustainability. Green is at the centre of this imagineering, which situates environmental sustainability at the core of Sydney's competitive and innovative edge. Yet the Harbour City, while rising to worldwide fame, has also been progressively troubled by wicked challenges that question its increasingly entrepreneurial and largely unproblematized approach to urban governance. At present, the metropolis has tackled these challenges by means of ad hoc solutions and policy‐making processes that, on deeper analysis, reveal little coordination beyond an impetus for growth as the driver of collective action at the urban scale. Due to the lack of a clear metropolis‐wide authority and the multiscalar nature of urban governance, the city has turned too much towards tackling sustainability within its urban dimension as a source of global competitiveness, while social polarization questions are steadily advancing to the forefront. It is time, I argue, for a Greater Sydney Authority.RésuméLa mondialisation de Sydney et son ascension au rang de ville mondiale racontent une histoire profondément politique où apparaissent des problèmes cruciaux, à la fois en termes de développement local et de viabilitéà long terme. Défini comme pivot de cet ‘ingéniomaginaire’ ou imagineering, le thème ‘vert’ place la viabilité environnementale au cœur de l’avantage compétitif et novateur de Sydney. Pourtant, tout en bâtissant sa renommée mondiale, ‘Harbour City’ a peu à peu rencontré des ‘problèmes pernicieux’ qui menacent son approche de plus en plus entrepreneuriale de la gouvernance urbaine, approche dont la problématique est largement ignorée. La métropole a répondu à ces difficultés par des solutions ponctuelles et des processus de décision politique qui, une fois analysés en profondeur, révèlent une faible coordination hormis l’élan en faveur de la croissance comme moteur de l’action collective à l’échelon urbain. En l’absence d’autorité métropolitaine claire et à cause des multiples échelons de gouvernance, la ville s’est trop intéressée à la durabilité dans sa dimension urbaine en tant que source de compétitivité mondiale, alors que des problèmes de polarisation sociale prennent peu à peu le devant de la scène. Il est temps que soit instaurée une ‘Autorité du Grand Sydney’.
Influence of subjective difficulty on the degree of configural and featural processing in face recognition1
Authors: HINE KYOKO , NOUCHI RUI , ITOH YUJI 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effect of subjective difficulty on the degree of featural or configural processing in face recognition. It could be assumed that featural processing is analytic processing (Peterson & Rhodes, 2003), while configural processing is automatic processing (Dunning & Stern, 1994). It has been suggested that task difficulty affected the automaticity of processing. Task difficulty was manipulated using a number of alternatives or time pressure. Subjective difficulty could also affect the automaticity of processing. If so, then subjective difficulty may in turn affect the degree of featural or configural processing. Participants in a difficult condition were given instructions mentioning that the face‐recognition task was difficult, while participants in the control condition were given no such instruction. The amount of retrieved featural information in the former condition was less than that in the latter. These results suggested that the degree of featural processing decreased when the participants found the task difficult.