bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Holy Dexter
Authors: Berend Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the invention of the relic of Stephen’s alleged right hand c. 1100, and its later uses. The relic has played a key role in ecclesiastical celebrations for centuries; in the twentieth century, it was also heavily politicized. As religious celebrations and grand state occasions were interconnected in the interwar period, in particular around St Stephen’s day, the Holy Dexter also became a reference point in politics. Conversely, during the communist period, the yearly religious procession was prohibited and the Holy Dexter itself was withdrawn from public display. Nobody has hitherto questioned the origin of the mummified hand; indeed, many scholars have expended considerable energy to prove that it truly is Stephen’s. However, because three saint’s lives were written about Stephen over the course of about twenty years in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries, it is possible to follow the emergence of the story of the uncorrupted right hand, and also discover the likely models. The invention can be contextualized in the creation of the official Life of Stephen, which reflected the needs of the royal court at the time. The Holy Dexter heightened Stephen’s importance, as the holy founder came to be deployed in disputes with the papacy. The chapter also addresses the modern political uses of the relic, arising from the entanglement of the state and the Catholic Church.
The Grammar of Status Competition
Authors: Beaumont Paul David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A burgeoning body of research has documented that states of all kinds exert considerable energy and even blood and treasure seeking status on the world stage. Yet, for all scholars’ success in identifying instances of status seeking, they lack agreement on the nature of the international hierarchies states are said to compete within. The difficulty is twofold: international collective beliefs are unobservable, and there are a multitude of plausible ways to assess status in any given policy field or international context. The book addresses these puzzles head on by making a strength out of status’s widely acknowledged slipperiness. The book redirects inquiry away from unobservable international status hierarchies and onto the theories of international status (TIS) that governments and citizens produce and use to make sense of their state’s position in the world. Advancing a new theoretical framework for investigating how TIS inform policymaking, this book showcases its value via three case studies: how rival TIS were instrumental in legitimating (1) Norwegian education reforms at the turn of the 21st century; (2) the U.S. negotiating positions during the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, and (3) the prosecution of Britain’s war with the Boer between 1899 and 1902. The book thereby provides answers to three major puzzles in international relations status research: why states compete for status when the international rewards seem ephemeral; how states can escape zero-sum competitions for status; and how status scholars can disentangle status from other motivations.
Rational Illusions
Authors: Beaumont Paul David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles head-on the puzzle of why states exert resources competing for international status when international recognition is seldom forthcoming and the gains from status are seemingly so ephemeral. To do so, it revisits a key case in IR’s status research: Britain’s tragic war with the Boer (1899–1902). The war has become a prime example of why the rewards from status-seeking are illusionary: the government treated victory as glorious even as the rest of the world remained unimpressed. Yet, by tracing the government’s evolving status theories across three episodes prior to, during, and after the Boer War, the chapter illuminates how, rather than resulting from psychological illusion that duped Britain’s leaders, the government’s status narrative is better described as a sociological and above all political construction that the government had considerable interest in fostering.
Symmetry over Strategy
Authors: Beaumont Paul David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores why the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) proved so difficult to negotiate. The chapter addresses the long-standing puzzle in security studies: Why did the “superpowers” continue to arms-race even when a second-strike capability was assured? By tracing the official top-level security discourse via recently declassified archives, the chapter shows the negotiating positions United States took at SALT were primarily legitimated by theories of how domestic and international audiences would respond, rather than what was deemed necessary to deter the Soviets. Moreover, the chapter shows how the theory of status that was eventually settled upon was a downstream consequence of the domestic debate that followed SALT I. In this way, the rules defining international status solidified and crystallized during the process of SALT II, structuring the U.S. negotiating position, slowing down negotiations, and limiting U.S. ability to pursue other strategic objectives.
Effects of the combined exposure to chemicals and unusual working hours
Authors: Lie Jenny-Anne S , Zienolddiny-Narui Shan , Bråtveit Magne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Both exposure to occupational chemicals and to unusual working hours have well documented effects on health. Determination of occupational exposure limits is, however, usually based on chemical-only exposure and assumes an 8-h workday, 5 days/week and a 40-h work week. A significant proportion of the workforce is exposed to chemicals while working in other work schedules. This review thus aimed to synthesize and evaluate the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and, if possible, give recommendations for OEL adjustments to account for unusual working hours.

Methods
The search for articles was made as part of the preparation of a report for the Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. In this report, unusual working hours were categorized as shift work or extended (&gt;8 h) working hours. Inclusion criteria were observational studies in the English language published up to November 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, with explicit metrics of exposure (chemicals and unusual working hours) and of health outcome, and which explicitly tested the association between exposure and outcome. Search engines of seven databases were used.

Results
Of the initially 15 400 identified papers, 9 studies published between 1985 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, 7 of which showed significant associations. Results from a few of the studies, i.e. regarding effects of dust and endotoxin on lung function, effects of acetone on sleep quality and tiredness, effects of carbon disulphide on coronary artery disease and effects of chemicals on spontaneous abortion, suggested more pronounced effects during night shifts compared to during day shifts.

Discussion
The reviewed data is considered insufficient to conclude on recommendations for OEL adjustment for shift work. Suggested areas of future studies are mentioned.

Conclusion
Further studies about the effects of the combined exposure to unusual working hours and chemical exposure are essential for risk assessment, and for recommendation of potential OEL adjustments. What is important about this paper? Effects of chemical agents at the workplace may depend not only on exposure level and duration but also on the time of exposure in relation to the circadian rhythm. This study reviewed the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and revealed an obvious need for additional studies regarding the complex interplay of the two different exposures with respect to adverse health effects.
Microscale marvels: unveiling the macroscopic significance of micropeptides in human health
Authors: Das Deepyaman , Podder Soumita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Non-coding RNA encodes micropeptides from small open reading frames located within the RNA. Interestingly, these micropeptides are involved in a variety of functions within the body. They are emerging as the resolving piece of the puzzle for complex biomolecular signaling pathways within the body. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of small peptides in regulating important biological processes like DNA repair, gene expression, muscle regeneration, immune responses, etc. On the contrary, altered expression of micropeptides also plays a pivotal role in the progression of various diseases like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, etc. This review delves into the dual impact of micropeptides on health and pathology, exploring their pivotal role in preserving normal physiological homeostasis and probing their involvement in the triggering and progression of diseases.
Molecular phylogenetics of Distephanus supports the recognition of a new tribe, Distephaneae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Gostel M R , Loeuille Benoit , Santana Mariana Henriques , Kelloff Carol L , Chan Raymund , Giraldes Simões Ana Rita , Larridon Isabel , Funk Vicki A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Distephanus Cass. comprises 43 distinctive species of shrubs and small trees that have been placed historically within the ironweed tribe, Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Using the most expansive sampling of Distephanus to date, this study aims to test the monophyly of this genus and facilitate its classification. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted using four molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes. These data also supported divergence dating analyses that were performed to understand the timing of diversification events within Distephanus and other related genera as well as ancestral area reconstruction analyses to infer the biogegraphic history of species diversity in this group. Results from this study indicate that, as currently circumscribed, Vernonieae is not monophyletic and that Distephanus is, in fact, sister to a clade that comprises Vernonieae and another tribe, Moquinieae, which only includes two species restricted to Brazil. On the basis of these findings, Distephanus is classified in a new tribe that we describe here, Distephaneae. This new tribe comprises 41 species of Distephanus that are easily distinguished from Moquinieae and Vernonieae based on the presence of florets with yellow corollas and trinervate leaves.
Distinct neural markers of evidence accumulation index metacognitive processing before and after simple visual decisions
Authors: Stone Caleb , Mattingley Jason B , Bode Stefan , Rangelov Dragan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Perceptual decision-making is affected by uncertainty arising from the reliability of incoming sensory evidence (perceptual uncertainty) and the categorization of that evidence relative to a choice boundary (categorical uncertainty). Here, we investigated how these factors impact the temporal dynamics of evidence processing during decision-making and subsequent metacognitive judgments. Participants performed a motion discrimination task while electroencephalography was recorded. We manipulated perceptual uncertainty by varying motion coherence, and categorical uncertainty by varying the angular offset of motion signals relative to a criterion. After each trial, participants rated their desire to change their mind. High uncertainty impaired perceptual and metacognitive judgments and reduced the amplitude of the centro-parietal positivity, a neural marker of evidence accumulation. Coherence and offset affected the centro-parietal positivity at different time points, suggesting that perceptual and categorical uncertainty affect decision-making in sequential stages. Moreover, the centro-parietal positivity predicted participants’ metacognitive judgments: larger predecisional centro-parietal positivity amplitude was associated with less desire to change one’s mind, whereas larger postdecisional centro-parietal positivity amplitude was associated with greater desire to change one’s mind, but only following errors. These findings reveal a dissociation between predecisional and postdecisional evidence processing, suggesting that the CPP tracks potentially distinct cognitive processes before and after a decision.
Transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones with tetrahydroxydiboran in water by an amphiphilic resin-supported nano-palladium catalyst
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Okumura Shintaro , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have developed a transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones with B2(OH)4 as a reductant and amphiphilic resin-dispersed palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst system in an aqueous medium, where water also serves as a hydrogen donor. A variety of aldehydes and ketones, including aliphatic carbonyl compounds, reacted to give the corresponding primary and secondary alcohols, respectively. The catalyst was recovered by filtration and reused 9 times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Safety Data Timelines for Pregnant Individuals With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Short William R , Zimmerman Matty M , Mohamed Ola , Mofenson Lynne M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antiretrovirals are often approved by the Food and Drug Administration without sufficient safety data regarding their use in pregnancy. To quantify this delay, we calculated the interval from the approval date to their inclusion in the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry prospective analysis (≥200 first-trimester exposures); the median delay was 6 years.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a difficult journey from emergency coronary artery bypass grafting to left ventricular assist device
Authors: Ho Daniel , Alfaris Ibrahim , Joury Abdulaziz , Cecere Renzo , Giannetti Nadia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Excluding spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) as an aetiology of acute coronary syndrome in young adults is imperative.

Case summary
A previously healthy 39-year-old woman experienced sudden severe chest pain, ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram, necessitating high-dose aspirin and urgent transfer to a revascularization centre. Suffering ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), she underwent two rounds of advanced life support and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Diagnosed with left main coronary artery (LMCA) SCAD, she was initially started on conservative therapy for declining left ventricular ejection fraction. However, she continued to experience an escalating anginal symptoms, worsening biomarkers, and LMCA SCAD progression, which urged the need for surgical intervention with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Following her CABG, she experienced a worsening of her functional mitral regurgitating, which she underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of her severe mitral regurgitation. Despite being listed for orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTx), her low body mass index and elevated antibodies necessitated the HeartMate III left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for bridge to transplant. After treating frequent VT episodes with medications, she eventually received a LVAD as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. Within 1 year of her receiving LVAD, she underwent a successful OHTx.

Discussion
The pathogenesis of SCAD involves intramural haematoma formation through intimal tears or vasa vasorum haemorrhage. Adverse outcomes that could occur in SCAD patients include cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, reduced left ventricle systolic function, and occasionally serious cardiac arrhythmia—such as VF—which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Although most SCAD cases heal spontaneously, revascularization can be considered in case of worsening SCAD progression. Advanced therapeutic intervention including mechanical circulatory support and OHTx should be considered in refractory cases.
Functional genomics reveals functions of terpene synthases for volatile terpene formation in peach
Authors: Wei Chunyan , Yang Huizhen , Li Rongrong , Su Yike , Li Xinzhao , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Terpenes are important volatile organic compounds that impact fruit aroma and flavor quality. Terpene synthases (TPSs) are the key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of basic backbone structure of terpenes. The identification and characterization of TPSs are critical for comprehending the biosynthesis of terpenes in fruit.

Materials and Methods
The present study utilized cultivated peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) as materials. RNA-sequencing was employed to investigate the expression profiles of PpTPSs during fruit ripening and in response to hormone and temperature treatments. Enzyme activities of PpTPSs were assessed using different substrates.

Results
Here, we show that peach contains 38 TPS genes, with 24 members in the TPS-a cluster. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of PpTPSs in peach fruits was regulated by environmental factors such as UV-B light and low temperature, as well as by phytohormones such as ethylene and methyl jasmonate. After analyzing the expression of 38 PpTPSs in peach fruit developmental stages and different tissues, we screened and cloned six new highly expressed TPS genes. Subcellular localization showed that PpTPS13 and PpTPS23 were localized in the plastid, whereas PpTPS12, PpTPS22, PpTPS25, and PpTPS28 were localized in the cytoplasm. Heterologous expression of PpTPSs in Escherichia coli followed by the enzymatic assays revealed that only four TPSs (PpTPS12, PpTPS22, PpTPS25, and PpTPS28) were active in vitro. Using GPP and FPP as substrates, these PpTPSs were able to synthesize an array of volatile terpenes, including 15 monoterpenes such as geraniol, camphene, pinene, borneol and phellandrene, and 14 sesquiterpenes such as farnesene, nerolidol and α-bergamotene.

Conclusions
Our results identify target genes for engineering to increase the production of volatile terpenes and thereby improve fruit quality.
The pattern of genetic variability in a core collection of 2,021 cowpea accessions
Authors: Fiscus Christopher J , Herniter Ira A , Tchamba Marimagne , Paliwal Rajneesh , Muñoz-Amatriaín María , Roberts Philip A , Abberton Michael , Alaba Oluwafemi , Close Timothy J , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Koenig Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cowpea is a highly drought-adapted leguminous crop with great promise for improving agricultural sustainability and food security. Here, we report analyses derived from array-based genotyping of 2,021 accessions constituting a core subset of the world's largest cowpea collection, held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. We used this dataset to examine genetic variation and population structure in worldwide cowpea. We confirm that the primary pattern of population structure is two geographically defined subpopulations originating in West and East Africa, respectively, and that population structure is associated with shifts in phenotypic distribution. Furthermore, we establish the cowpea core collection as a resource for genome-wide association studies by mapping the genetic basis of several phenotypes, with a focus on seed coat pigmentation patterning and color. We anticipate that the genotyped IITA Cowpea Core Collection will serve as a powerful tool for mapping complex traits, facilitating the acceleration of breeding programs to enhance the resilience of this crop in the face of rapid global climate change.
Relational Solidarity and Conflicting Ethics in Dementia Care in Urban India
Authors: Brijnath Bianca , Rao Rachita , Baruah Upasana , Antoniades Josefine , Loganathan Santosh , Varghese Mathew , Cooper Claudia , Kent Mike , Dow Briony 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Using the concept of relational solidarity, we examine how autonomy, equality, dignity, and personhood are practiced in the care of people living with dementia at home in urban India.

Methods
Video interviews with 19 family carers and 25 health providers conducted in English, Hindi, and Kannada in Bengaluru between March and July 2022. Data were translated into English and thematically analyzed.

Results
Family carers and providers unanimously agreed that people with dementia should be respected and cared for. Concurrently, they perceived people with dementia as being “like a kid” and used the analogy of a parent–child relationship to understand their care responsibilities. This analogy informed how ethical principles such as personhood and equality were reframed in the relationships between family carers and people with dementia, as well as how carers and providers maintained the safety but undermined the autonomy of people with dementia through restricting their movements inside and outside the home.

Discussion
There can be relational solidarity in dementia care at home in urban India but also contradictions in the interpretations and applications of the ethical principles of autonomy, equality, dignity, and personhood. As such, a more organic, grassroots model of ethical practice is needed to frame care and provide material support to families in India.
Clinical outcomes in patients with piperacillin/tazobactam-non-susceptible but ceftriaxone-susceptible E. coli or K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection
Authors: Mourad Ahmad , Smith Alison G , Troy Jesse D , Holland Thomas L , Wrenn Rebekah H , Turner Nicholas A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
A small proportion of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrate in vitro non-susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam but retain susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Uncertainty remains regarding how best to treat these isolates.

Objectives
We sought to compare clinical outcomes between patients with piperacillin/tazobactam-non-susceptible but ceftriaxone-susceptible E. coli or K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection receiving definitive therapy with ceftriaxone versus an alternative effective antibiotic.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients with a positive blood culture for piperacillin/tazobactam-non-susceptible but ceftriaxone-susceptible E. coli or K. pneumoniae between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022. Patients were divided into one of two definitive treatment groups: ceftriaxone or alternative effective antibiotic. Our primary outcome was a composite of 90 day all-cause mortality, hospital readmission, or recurrence of infection. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare time with the composite outcome between groups.

Results
Sixty-two patients were included in our analysis. Overall, median age was 63 years (IQR 49.5–71.0), the most common source of infection was intra-abdominal (25/62; 40.3%) and the median total duration of therapy was 12.0 days (IQR 9.0–16.8). A total of 9/22 (40.9%) patients in the ceftriaxone treatment group and 18/40 (45.0%) patients in the alternative effective antibiotic group met the composite endpoint. In an adjusted time-to-event analysis, there was no difference in the composite endpoint between groups (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.30–1.50). The adjusted Bayesian posterior probability that the HR was less than or equal to 1 (i.e. ceftriaxone is as good or better than alternative therapy) was 85%.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ceftriaxone can be used to effectively treat bloodstream infections with E. coli or K. pneumoniae that are non-susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam but susceptible to ceftriaxone.