bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of methods to combine evolutionary history and conservation: A case study in the Brazilian campo rupestre
Authors: Pizzardo Raquel C. , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Rando Juliana Gastaldello , Forest Félix , Nogueira Anselmo , Prochazka Luana S. , Walker Barnaby E. , Vasconcelos Thais 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseConservation policies typically focus on biodiversity hotspots. An alternative approach involves analyzing the evolutionary history of lineages in geographic areas along with their threat levels to guide conservation efforts. Mountains exhibit high levels of plant species richness and micro‐endemism, and biogeographic studies commonly point to recent and rapid evolutionary radiations in these areas. Using a nearly endemic clade of legumes, our study evaluates conservation prioritization approaches in the campo rupestre, a Neotropical ecosystem associated with mountaintops that is located between two biodiversity hotspots.MethodsWe compared the EDGE and EDGE2 metrics, which combine the evolutionary distinctiveness and the extinction risk of a species in a single value. These metrics are compared with traditional metrics used to assess conservation priority, such as phylogenetic diversity.ResultsThe EDGE values reported are lower than those of other studies using this metric, mostly due to the prevalence of threatened species with short phylogenetic branch lengths (low values of evolutionary distinctiveness). Certain areas of campo rupestre with relatively high phylogenetic diversity and EDGE values do not correspond to areas with high species richness, agreeing with previous studies on biodiversity hotspots.DiscussionOur study highlights the necessity of conservation of the campo rupestres as well as advantages and disadvantages of using EDGE, EDGE2, and phylogenetic diversity for appropriate selection of conservation areas with rapid evolutionary radiations. The selection of the metrics will depend primarily on the life history of the focus group and the data availability, as well as the conservation approach.
Adaptive predictor‐set linear model: An imputation‐free method for linear regression prediction on data sets with missing values
Authors: Planterose Jiménez Benjamin , Kayser Manfred , Vidaki Athina , Caliebe Amke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLinear regression (LR) is vastly used in data analysis for continuous outcomes in biomedicine and epidemiology. Despite its popularity, LR is incompatible with missing data, which frequently occur in health sciences. For parameter estimation, this shortcoming is usually resolved by complete‐case analysis or imputation. Both work‐arounds, however, are inadequate for prediction, since they either fail to predict on incomplete records or ignore missingness‐induced reduction in prediction accuracy and rely on (unrealistic) assumptions about the missing mechanism. Here, we derive adaptive predictor‐set linear model (aps‐lm), capable of making predictions for incomplete data without the need for imputation. It is derived by using a predictor‐selection operation, the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse, and the reduced QR decomposition. aps‐lm is an LR generalization that inherently handles missing values. It is applied on a reference data set, where complete predictors and outcome are available, and yields a set of privacy‐preserving parameters. In a second stage, these are shared for making predictions of the outcome on external data sets with missing entries for predictors without imputation. Moreover, aps‐lm computes prediction errors that account for the pattern of missing values even under extreme missingness. We benchmark aps‐lm in a simulation study. aps‐lm showed greater prediction accuracy and reduced bias compared to popular imputation strategies under a wide range of scenarios including variation of sample size, goodness of fit, missing value type, and covariance structure. Finally, as a proof‐of‐principle, we apply aps‐lm in the context of epigenetic aging clocks, linear models that predict a person's biological age from epigenetic data with promising clinical applications.
Development and validation of a stability‐indicating method, structural elucidation of new degradation products from misoprostol by LC–MS time‐of‐flight, and an ex vivo study of vaginal permeation
Authors: da Silva José Wellithom Viturino , Duarte Maira Ludna , Ribeiro José Izak , Kishishita Juliana , Souza Asley Thalia Medeiros , Leal Leila Bastos , de Castro Whocely Victor , de Santana David Pereira , Bedor Danilo César Galindo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMisoprostol (MSP) is commonly prescribed in obstetrics and gynecology clinical practice for labor induction, cervical ripening, first‐trimester pregnancy termination, and the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion evaluating how different commercially available formulations influence the overall efficacy of MSP, even though reports indicate issues with the quality of these formulations, particularly regarding stability and vaginal absorption processes. This study investigates the stability of MSP under acidic conditions and its in vitro permeation using swine vaginal mucosa. A forced degradation study was conducted using 0.2 M HCl, and a high‐efficiency LC method was developed. Three degradation products were identified and characterized using electrospray ionization–high‐resolution quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight–MS, with respective m/z values of 391.2508, 405.2705, and 387.2259, respectively. These results suggest that the degradation mechanism involves dehydration of the β‐hydroxy ketone moiety, followed by isomerization to its most resonance‐stable form and de‐esterification. Finally, the in vitro permeation study revealed that the esterified form of MSP was unable to permeate the mucosa and required prior degradation for any component to be detected in the receptor fluid.
Ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy combined with immunohistochemistry and molecular testing improve the diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma, two case reports and analyses
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Su Jianbin , Wang Jinjing , Yan Li , Zhang Huiqiang , Li Xinyu , Tai Yanhong , Fang Yi , Yan Tao 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageUltrasound‐guided core needle biopsy combined with immunohistochemistry and molecular testing could improve the diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma, help to predict distant metastasis and prognosis.AbstractMetastatic thyroid follicular carcinoma presenting initially with bone lesion is uncommon, its prime symptom is gradual onset, localized pain. Patient with bone metastasis who were diagnosed before thyroidectomy had a higher rate of mortality, clinician should be cautious in eliciting the clinical history and this insidious symptom in middle age group, carry out further examination. We are presenting two case reports of a follicular thyroid carcinoma with bone metastasis, ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) were carried out by our clinical team to determine the source and nature of the tumor, relevant literature was reviewed, molecular testing was discussed, we believe core needle biopsy combined with IHC and molecular testing improve the diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma.
Validity and reliability of the palliative care needs assessment tool in Japanese patients with heart failure
Authors: Tatsuta Daishiro , Sato Takuma , Nagai Toshiyuki , Koya Jiro , Nishino Kotaro , Naito Seiichiro , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Temma Taro , Kamiya Kiwamu , Narita Hisashi , Tsuruga Kenkichi , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsAlthough patients with heart failure (HF) frequently experience considerable symptom burden and require significant care, most HF patients do not receive timely intervention due to the absence of a standardized method for identifying those in need of palliative care. The Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease‐Heart Failure (NAT: PD‐HF) assesses the palliative care needs of patients with HF. However, its validity and reliability have yet to be fully examined. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the NAT: PD‐HF in Japanese patients with HF.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 106 consecutive patients with chronic HF admitted to our university hospital between February 2023 and July 2023. Their caregivers (n = 95) and healthcare providers (n = 17) were also included. The NAT: PD‐HF was translated from English to Japanese using a forward–backward translation procedure and adapted based on Japanese cultural and medical backgrounds by our professional multidisciplinary team. We assessed the internal consistency of the Japanese NAT: PD‐HF version with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the inter‐rater and test–retest reliabilities with Cohen's kappa coefficient. After using the tool, all participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about the tool to determine its validity.ResultsThe proportion of female patients in this study was 47 (44%). The median age was 72 years [interquartile range (IQR) 59–81]. The median time spent assessing the patients' and their caregivers' needs using the Japanese NAT: PD‐HF was 14 min (IQR 12–17). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82, and the minimum kappa coefficient was 0.77 for inter‐rater reliability and 0.88 for test–retest reliability. In total, 103 patients (97%) and all caregivers responded that the tool was easy to understand. One hundred (94%) patients and 89 (94%) caregivers felt that the tool would improve the quality of care, and 102 (96%) patients and 91 (96%) caregivers indicated that the discussions using this tool allowed them to confide in all their burdens and care needs. All healthcare providers expressed that this tool is helpful in understanding the burden and care needs of both patients and caregivers comprehensively.ConclusionsThe NAT: PD‐HF is a reliable and valid tool for Japanese patients with HF and their caregivers. This tool was very well accepted by patients, caregivers and healthcare providers to identify burdens and care needs.
A fully developed viscous electrically conducting fluid through infinitely parallel porous plates
Authors: Ramanuja Mani , Muni Sarala G. , Kavitha J. , Akasam Srinivasulu , Gopi Krishna G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current article deals with the steady behavior of a fully developed viscous electrically conducting and compressible Jeffrey fluid via infinitely parallel porous vertical microchannel in the sight of a transverse magnetic field. The fluid flow problem is modeled using Napier–Stokes and energy conservation equations. To analyze the problem, the leading equations are reformulated into dimensionless forms. These dimensionless transformed equations are described by nonlinear‐coupled ordinary differential equations and are eliminated utilizing the shooting method based on the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta technique through the boundary conditions; this represent slip velocity and temperature‐jump situations on the fluid–fence interface. The model equations are numerically solved with MATLAB's built‐in routine “bvp4c.” The behavior of Jeffrey fluid is described through graphs. The significance of model parameters is scrutinized and discussed in detail through graphs. Various significant impacts are examined in these simulations, such as radiation, magnetic field and viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the essential results of this investigation are the effects illustrated graphically and discussed quantitatively concerning various influencing parameters corresponding to the magnetic parameter, interaction parameter, buoyancy parameter, Darcy parameter, wall ambient temperature ratio, and the fluid‐wall relationship. We noticed that both walls are heated, that is, the velocity decreases with a rising Jeffrey parameter.
Effects of Splenectomy on Natural Killer Cell Levels in β‐Thalassemia Major Patients
Authors: Kurtoğlu Ayşegül Uğur , Uğur Sevcan , Göçer Mesut , Kurtoğlu Erdal 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAimIn this study, we investigated how splenectomy affects natural killer (NK) cell levels in patients with β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM).Materials and MethodsSeventy patients with β‐TM (38 splenectomized and 32 nonsplenectomized) and 25 healthy controls were included in this study. The hemogram parameters, ferritin, T lymphocyte, T‐helper cell, T‐suppressor cell, and NK cell numbers, were measured.ResultsThe T lymphocyte (CD3+) level was found to be significantly higher in the patient group (p < 0.05). CD3+/CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected to be significantly higher in the patient group (p < 0.05). Although the CD3+/CD4+ T lymphocyte level was significantly higher in the nonsplenectomy group (p < 0.05), this was not the case in the splenectomy group. When the patient and control groups were compared, no significant difference was detected regarding CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocyte levels. CD3−/CD16+CD56+ NK cell level was found to be significantly lower only in the splenectomy group than in the control group (p < 0.05). We found that there was a significant negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and both total lymphocyte (r = −0.617) and CD3+ lymphocyte (r = −0.718) levels in the control group (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was detected between serum ferritin levels and CD3−/CD16+CD56+ NK cell levels in the patient group (r = −0.410) (p < 0.05).ConclusionSplenectomy reduces NK cell levels in patients with β‐TM. The negative relationship between ferritin levels and NK cells indicates that ferritin levels should be kept under control in patients with β‐TM.
Successful treatment of Sneddon Syndrome with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Reitmajer Markus , Forchhammer Stephan , Silber Toni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSneddon Syndrome is an orphan disease characterized by the clinical presence of livedo racemosa and cerebrovascular ischaemia. Its pathophysiology remains inadequately understood and no validated treatment modality has been established. In this case report of a 37‐year‐old woman, we present high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) as a potential successful treatment option. The diagnosis was confirmed through a deep spindle biopsy, revealing the typical intima proliferation. Furthermore, we found a positive medical history concerning neurological symptoms. The commonly applied high‐dose anticoagulation had previously not resulted in improvement of the ulcers or pain reduction. The initiated therapy with IVIg significantly alleviated the pain after a single cycle and led to the complete healing of the ulcers 12 weeks later. This case of a patient with subsequent long‐term responsiveness to IVIg supports the approach as a promising therapy alternative.
On‐Chip‐Driven Multicolor 3D Meta‐Display
Authors: Li Zhe , Shi Yangyang , Dai Chenjie , Li Zhongyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating metasurfaces on‐chip provides a promising approach to modulating and extracting the in‐plane waves, which bridges the conversion between guided and free‐space waves and suggests tremendous applications, including guided‐wave‐driven holography, photonic integrated lasers, and on‐chip routers. However, despite these efforts, it remains challenging to achieve multicolor 3D holographic projections via on‐chip meta‐optics, along with switchability. Here, the multicolor 3D holography free from zero‐order diffraction and the immersion switchable display enabled by the on‐chip integrated metasurface is proposed and demonstrated. By leveraging the propagation‐accumulated phase of the guided waves and exploiting an optimization algorithm, an on‐chip meta‐hologram driven by guided waves is developed to project both multicolor and multiplane images with independent encoding freedom. Moreover, the switch between two colorful holographic images is also demonstrated via an easily accessible immersion tuning scheme. Such an on‐chip‐driven meta‐hologram exhibits low background noise or crosstalk with high information quality and is also free from sophisticated nanostructure searching or elaborate target‐image predesigning. The proposed on‐chip‐driven metasurface for multicolor 3D holography promises future applications in dynamic display, virtual/augmented reality, and liquid sensing.
Generation of High‐Order Laguerre‐Gaussian Modes from an Optical Vortex Pumped Diamond Raman Laser
Authors: Xuan Chuang , Zhou Yuxia , Yang Xining , Ma Yuanyuan , Rao A. Srinivasa , Omatsu Takashige , Bai Zhenxu , Wan Ying , Wen Jianxiang , Yusufu Taximaiti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work report the generation of high‐order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes from a nanosecond, optical vortex pumped diamond Raman laser. This system is capable of generating first‐Stokes (λ1st = 1240 nm) LG modes with topological charge (ℓ) of up to 26 and second‐Stokes (λ2nd = 1485 nm) LG modes with topological charge of up to 22, when pumped using a first‐order vortex beam. The maximum first‐ and second‐Stokes LG mode energies are measured to be 0.5 and 1 mJ, respectively, when pumping with energy of 19.8 mJ.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure–Property Investigations of Benzoxazine Resins with Low Surface Free Energy
Authors: Hu Changwen , Yao Zhenhao , Zhao Wenqian , Zhang Kan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow surface free energy materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties and extensive applications, which play a pivotal role in diverse fields such as biotechnology, metallurgical processes, and electronic device manufacturing. To investigate the influence of electron effect derived from substituents on the surface properties of benzoxazine resins, three distinct benzoxazine monomers, characterized by different substituent groups, are synthesized. The monomer structures are verified using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry tracks the polymerization behavior of benzoxazine resins, while thermogravimetric analysis valuates the thermal stability of the resulting polybenzoxazines. Then the surface properties are systematically investigated through contact angle measurement and surface free energy calculation, facilitating a comprehensive discussion on the impact of different substituents on the surface energy. These findings demonstrate that introducing trifluoromethyl leads to a substantial reduction in the surface energy of uncured resin. On the other hand, there is minimal impact on the surface free energy after undergoing elevated temperature treatments. The current study provides a foundation understanding for further developing polymers with low surface free energy.
Biochar influences soil health but not yield in 3‐year processing tomato field trials
Authors: Gelardi Danielle L. , Rath Daniel , Barbour Alexander , Scow Kate M. , Geisseler Daniel , Parikh Sanjai J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochar can deliver many agronomic benefits, though effects may be greatest in suboptimal agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to investigate biochar in prime agricultural soils in a Mediterranean climate. In 3‐year irrigated processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) field trials, in which three biochars were amended to a sandy and silt loam, biochar did not influence yield. Given the global policy focus on biochar for climate change mitigation and adaptation, however, it is essential to measure more than just agronomic parameters. To this end, a soil health assessment was conducted 2.5 years after biochar amendment. In the fertile silt loam and more nutrient‐limited sandy loam, biochars had a variable but positive effect on pH, electrical conductivity, soil potassium, water stable aggregation, and permanganate oxidizable carbon. There was no effect on soil moisture nor potentially mineralizable nitrogen or carbon. In the silt loam, there was no change in microbial biomass or phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. In the sandy loam, almond shell biochars were associated with a slight increase in total biomass, an increase in the ratio of fungal to bacteria PLFAs, and reductions in multiple PLFA ratios were typically interpreted as indicators of environmental stress. Results of this study demonstrate that biochar may deliver soil health benefits in agricultural soils in a Mediterranean climate. However, increased soil health does not necessarily engender increased agricultural productivity within a 3‐year period. Furthermore, increases in soil health indicators were inconsistent across soil and biochar types, underscoring the need for site‐ and material‐specific investigation.
Subanesthetic S‐ketamine does not acutely alter striatal dopamine transporter binding in healthy Sprague Dawley female rats
Authors: Bærentzen Simone Larsen , Thomsen Jakob Borup , Thomsen Majken Borup , Jakobsen Steen , Simonsen Mette Theilgaard , Wegener Gregers , Brooks David J. , Landau Anne M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders, posing a global socioeconomic burden. Conventional antidepressant treatments have a slow onset of action, and 30% of patients show no clinically significant treatment response. The recently approved fast‐acting antidepressant S‐ketamine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, provides a new approach for treatment‐resistant patients. However, knowledge of S‐ketamine's mechanism of action is still being established. Depressed human subjects have lower striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability compared to healthy controls. Rodent studies report increased striatal dopamine concentration in response to acute ketamine administration. In vivo [18F]FE‐PE2I ([18F]‐(E)‐N‐(3‐iodoprop‐2‐enyl)‐2β‐carbofluoroethoxy‐3β‐(4′‐methyl‐phenyl) nortropane) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the DAT has not previously been applied to assess the effect of acute subanesthetic S‐ketamine administration on DAT availability. We applied translational in vivo [18F]FE‐PE2I PET imaging of the DAT in healthy female rats to evaluate whether an acute subanesthetic intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg S‐ketamine alters DAT availability. We also performed [3H]GBR‐12935 autoradiography on postmortem brain sections. We found no effect of acute S‐ketamine administration on striatal DAT binding using [18F]FE‐PE2I PET or [3H]GBR‐12935 autoradiography. This negative result does not support the hypothesis that DAT changes are associated with S‐ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects, but additional studies are warranted.