bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and Social Motivation‐Based Im/migration Modeling: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Sorhun Engin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a generally applicable model to examine the eventual motivations both for internal migration and external immigration. For this reason our model involves not only economic motivations of development and geographical economics but also social motivations of behavior economics. We tested the model through Turkish internal and external population flows toward German regions. Our analysis contains the first regional‐level immigration analysis between an EU country (Germany) and Turkey. The main results are: (i) the purely economic motivations are more important than the social motivations; (ii) among the economic motivations income level and economic size of host regions are the biggest ones; and (iii) and the network externalities play a more important role than the herd effect. Subsequently, we estimated some country‐specific factors on im/migration. The main results are: (i) joining to the Customs Union led to acceleration in intern migration but slowing‐down in external immigration; (ii) even though Turkey acts slowly in adopting EU reforms, the EU reform process seems to reduce the economic and social stress on Turkish im/migration; and (iii) the reunification of Germany created a constraint on Turkish immigration flows toward German regions.
Social policy and poverty: an introduction1
Authors: Hujo Katja , Gaia Elena 
Published: April 2011

Hujo K, Gaia E. Social policy and poverty: an introductionInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 230–239 © 2011 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare.This Guest Editorial introduces the context and main themes around which this collection of articles on social policy and poverty is framed. Against the backdrop of calls for accelerated progress towards achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in a context of multiple crises, the role of social policy for social development and poverty reduction is highlighted. Three key themes are addressed by the five contributions in the collection: (1) the role of social protection, in particular cash transfers, in poverty reduction; (2) the importance of labour markets and labour market policies for poverty reduction; and (3) the financing of welfare policies. The guest editors conclude that social protection policies should be grounded in values of social justice and human rights, which calls for strong state commitment towards universal programmes. They further point to the need of institutionalising long‐term social policies that benefit from broad‐based political support and are grounded in sustainable financing mechanisms.
An application in Gouda cheese manufacture for a strain of Lactobacillus helveticus ND01
Authors: WANG HAIKUAN , CUI LIMIN , CHEN WEI , ZHANG HEPING 
Published: April 2011

Gouda cheese was manufactured with Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IMAU60010, L. lactis ssp. cremoris IMAU40136 and L. helveticus ND01 isolated from the naturally fermented milk in China. Starter cultures added with L. helveticus ND01 produced Gouda cheese with dramatically more proteolysis than control cheeses. Compared with control cheese, experimental cheese with L. helveticus ND01 adjunct revealed dramatic increase in both Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity and γ‐aminobutyric acid content. The ACE‐inhibitory activity of Gouda cheeses with the addition of 1 × 105 CFU/mL L. helveticus ND01 increases from 53.7 to 83.1% at 6 weeks of ripening.
Implant image quality in dental radiographs recorded using a customized imaging guide or a standard film holder
Authors: Schropp Lars , Stavropoulos Andreas , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Wenzel Ann 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective: To compare a customized imaging guide and a standard film holder for obtaining optimally projected intraoral radiographs of dental implants.
Material and methods: Intraoral radiographs of four screw‐type implants with different inclination placed in an upper or lower dental phantom model were recorded by 32 groups of examiners after a short instruction in the use of the RB‐RB/LB‐LB mnemonic rule. Half of the examiners recorded the images using a standard film holder and the other half used a customized imaging guide. Each radiograph was assessed under blinded conditions with regard to rendering of the implant threads and was assigned to one of four quality categories: (1) perfect, (2) not perfect, but clinically acceptable, (3) not acceptable, and (4) hopeless.
Results: For the upper jaw, the same number of exposures per implant were made to achieve an acceptable image (P=0.86) by the standard film holder method (median=2) and the imaging guide method (median=2). For the lower jaw, medians for the imaging guide method and the film holder method were 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.004). For the imaging guide method, the first exposure was rated as perfect/acceptable in 62% of the cases and for the film holder method in 41% of the cases (P=0.013). After ≤2 exposures, 78% (imaging guide method) and 69% (film holder method) of the implant images were perfect/acceptable (P=0.23). The implant inclination did not have a major influence on the outcomes.
Conclusion: Perfect or acceptable images were achieved after two exposures with the same frequency either using a customized imaging guide method or a standard film holder method. However, the use of a customized imaging guide method was overall significantly superior to a standard film holder method in terms of obtaining perfect or acceptable images with only one exposure.
To cite this article: Schropp L, Stavropoulos A, Spin‐Neto R, Wenzel A. Implant image quality in dental radiographs recorded using a customized imaging guide or a standard film holder. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 55–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02180.x
The biological response to three different nanostructures applied on smooth implant surfaces
Authors: Jimbo Ryo , Sotres Javier , Johansson Carina , Breding Karin , Currie Fredrik , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the biological effects of three calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings with nanostructures on relatively smooth implant surfaces.Material and methods: Stable CaP nanoparticle suspensions of different particle sizes and structures were coated onto implants by immersion and subsequent heat treatment. An uncoated implant was used as the control. After topographical and chemical characterizations, implants were randomly inserted into rabbit tibiae for removal torque (RTQ) testing. To confirm the biological reaction, implants were placed in the bilateral femurs of three rabbits.Results: The topographical characterization showed that each surface had different nanostructural characteristics and X‐ray photon spectroscopy showed various CaP compositions. The control and test groups had different nanotopographies; however, the differences among the test groups were only significant for Surfaces B and C and the rest were insignificant. The RTQ tests showed significantly higher values in two test groups (Surface A and Surface C). Histologically, no adverse effects were seen in any group. Histomorphometrical evaluation showed comparable or better osseointegration along the implant threads in the test groups.Conclusion: The three different CaP coatings with nanostructures on the implant surfaces had enhancing effects on osseointegration. Along with the surface nanotopography, the CaP chemistry might have influenced the biological outcomes.
Comparison between the use of magnetic resonance imaging and conebeam computed tomography for mandibular nerve identification
Authors: Chau Anson 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective: Conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to identify the mandibular nerve but a comparison of the reliabilities of the two imaging modalities has not been performed. It was hypothesized that the reliabilities were not different between the two.Materials and methods: Twelve dental postgraduates in five disciplines were recruited to assess two sets of reformatted oblique images (CBCT and MRI) of 11 patients who were scanned before wisdom teeth extraction. The variance of the identified locations of mandibular nerve, the mental foramen and the mandibular foramen between two sets of images of each patient was compared. Each set of images was rated by assessors to reveal the satisfaction in determining the structures.Results: It was found that by using MRI images, significantly lesser variances and significantly higher satisfactory scores were given by the assessors than by using CBCT images in the identification of the structures.Conclusions: We concluded that MRI is a promising imaging modality that can be used to identify the mandibular nerve when it cannot be found in CBCT images.To cite this article: Chau A, Comparison between the use of MRI and CBCT for mandibular nerve identification. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 253–256.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02188.x
Maxillary sinus augmentation with microstructured tricalcium phosphate ceramic in sheep
Authors: Klijn R. J. , Hoekstra J. W. M. , Van Den Beucken J. J. J. P. , Meijer G. J. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological performance of osteoinductive microstructured tricalcium phosphate (MSTCP) particles in maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery in sheep.
Material and methods: Sinus floor augmentation was performed in eight Swifter sheep. In each animal, the maxillary sinus floor was unilaterally augmented with MSTCP particles. Computed tomography (CT) imaging and histological analyses were performed after 12 weeks of implantation.
Results: Maxillofacial CT, histology, histomorphometrical analysis and sequential polychrome fluorescent labeling indicated that MSTCP particles provided a scaffold for cell ingrowth and bone formation. After a 12‐week implantation period, the sinuses grafted with MSTCP showed an increased bone height of 6 mm and a mean total bone volume of 43%, with significant degradation of MSTCP particles.
Conclusion: MSTCP particles represent a suitable bone substitute material for maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery.
To cite this article: Klijn RJ, Hoekstra JWM, Van Den Beucken JJJP, Meijer GJ, Jansen JA. Maxillary sinus augmentation with microstructured tricalcium phosphate ceramic in sheep. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 274–280. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02190.x
Lichtenstein hernia repair under different anaesthetic techniques with special emphasis on outcomes in older people
Authors: Sanjay Pandanaboyana , Leaver Heather , Shaikh Irshad , Woodward Alan 
Published: April 2011

Background:  This study compared local (LA) and general anaesthesia (GA) for elective inguinal hernia repair with specific reference to older people (≥70 years).Methods:  A total of 470 inguinal hernia repairs were compared for demographics, operating time, day case rates and complications. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate outcomes in <70 and >70 years.Results:  A total of 288 LA and 182 GA repairs were performed. One hundred and forty‐four (30.6%) patients were older than 70 years of which 80 (55%) were ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) grades 3 and 4. Older (≥70 years) ASA grade 3 and 4 patients are more likely to undergo surgery under LA than GA (63% LA, 35% GA, P = 0.005) with higher day case rates of 81% LA, 33% GA, P = 0.0001). No significant difference in early complications, satisfaction rate and long‐term recurrence rates were noted between the two groups.Conclusions:  LA inguinal hernia repair has significant short‐term advantages and facilitates day surgery in older patients. LA should be the preferred option in the older patients.
COMPARISON OF NEW AND EXISTING THRESHOLD METHODS FOR EVALUATING SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN DIFFERENT BASE WINES
Authors: CLIFF MARGARET , BANSAL MOHIT , STANICH KAREEN , USHER KEVIN 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis research determined the aroma threshold of three sulfur compounds by novel (R‐index) and standard ASTM International methodologies. Thresholds for dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and ethyl thioacetate (EtSOAc) were determined in a “model” wine, a “neutral” white wine (Sauvignon blanc) and a “fruity” white wine (Gewurztraminer) by 24 untrained panelists. Panelists were presented with two replicates for the ASTM methods and four replicates for the R‐index method. The group threshold, for each compound, was calculated by ASTM E679, ASTM E1432 and R‐index methods. The range of aroma thresholds obtained for DMDS, DMS and EtSOAc in different bases were 7.5–151.0, 9.4–651.0 and 8.5–95.9 µg/L, respectively. The thresholds were influenced significantly by wine type and the method of evaluation. In general, the thresholds obtained using the R‐index method were higher yet significantly corrrelated with the thresholds obtained by ASTM methods (r = 0.9899, R‐index and ASTM E1432; r = 0.9848, R‐index and ASTM E679). The thresholds in the neutral wines were observed to be lower as compared with those in the aromatic wines. This research was successful in determining sulfur thresholds for possible use in quality control and research by the wine industry and in understanding the relationship among thresholds reported by different methods.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research evaluated the aroma thresholds for sulfur compounds in wines by different methods. The new method, R‐index, was significantly correlated with the standard methodologies (ASTM International) and could be used to save time and money.
Determining Consumer Purchase Intentions: The Importance of Dry Matter, Size, and Price of Kiwifruit
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Harker Roger , Triggs Chris M. , Gunson Anne , Campbell Rachel L. , Jackman Richard , Requejo‐Jackman Cecilia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Knowledge of the relative importance of food quality attributes in determining consumer purchase intention is critical for robust assessment of economic opportunities for industry growth. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how conjoint analysis methodology that incorporates tasting of fruit can be used to collect such information. Three hundred Japanese consumers took part in research designed to measure the importance of dry matter (DM), size, and price of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa “Hayward” and Actinidia chinensis “Hort16A”) for purchase intention. Measurement of consumer liking for kiwifruit of different DM content was a key first step. Liking increased as DM increased and was accompanied by increased purchase likelihood/choice probability for kiwifruit. The size of kiwifruit presented to consumers varied from “small” to “extra large.” Consumers liked “mid‐sized” kiwifruit over “small” or “extra‐large” kiwifruit. Despite these differences in liking, size was of little importance in determining purchase likelihood/choice probability for kiwifruit. Price was a very important factor in determining purchase likelihood/choice probability but was less important than DM content. As price increased, purchase likelihood/choice probability decreased. Beneath these general findings, heterogeneity existed. Some consumers placed more/less importance on the focal purchase drivers than suggested by the aggregate model. Overall, the results suggest that incentive schemes already implemented by industry should consider rewarding high‐DM fruit more than fruit size.Practical Application:  This research has contributed to the New Zealand kiwifruit industry gaining a better understanding of the relative importance consumers place on DM, size, and price of kiwifruit and has resulted in changes to grower incentive schemes. The research approach presented forces consumer to tradeoff attributes of kiwifruit against each other and decide on how important two key quality attributes—DM and size—are relative to each other and relative to price. The application of conjoint analysis in this article can be transferred to other fruits, food, and beverages and help guide consumer‐led innovation.
Effects of Various Plasticizers and Nanoclays on the Mechanical Properties of Red Algae Film
Authors: Jang S.A. , Shin Y.J. , Seo Y.B. , Song K.B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  To manufacture red algae (RA) film, we used various plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, and polypropylene glycol (PPG), and then determined the mechanical properties of the RA films. The tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films containing various plasticizers ranged between 0.43 to 9.10 MPa, 10.93% to 47.17%, and 1.28 to 1.42 ng m/m2sPa, respectively. RA films containing fructose as a plasticizer had the best mechanical properties of all the films evaluated. Incorporation of nanoclay (Cloisite Na+ and 30B) improved the mechanical properties of the films. RA film with 3% Cloisite Na+ had a TS of 10.89, while RA film with 30B had a TS of 10.85 MPa; these films also had better E and WVP values than the other RA films evaluated. These results suggest that RA/nanoclay composite films are suitable for use as food packaging materials.Practical Application:  Edible RE/nanoclay composite films prepared in the present investigation can be applied in food packaging.
Factors of Influence in the Distribution of Mold in the Air in a Wine Cellar
Authors: Ocón E. , Gutiérrez A.R. , Garijo P. , Santamaría P. , López R. , Olarte C. , Sanz S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  This paper studies the presence of mold in the air of a vinification and ageing wine cellar. The influence of other factors such as the time of year, the sampling point, and the activity being carried out in the cellar has been analyzed. Neither the type of activity being carried out in the cellar nor the temperature or relative humidity fluctuations throughout the year are determining factors in the presence of mold in the air. For this group of microorganisms, the design of the cellar studied is the fundamental factor. Areas with little ventilation favor high levels of relative humidity and, hence, a higher presence of mold in the air. The mold population in these areas is not very diverse, which indicates that colonization by certain types of mold that have adapted to the conditions established therein is permanent. Areas with greater air flow, constant activity, and frequent cleaning show lower mold populations in the air and of a more varied composition.Practical Application:  This work shows that given the growing importance of the presence of mold in wine cellars, the design thereof should take into account suitable ventilation of all the areas and control of the relative humidity. Hence, the presence of traditional underground areas for ageing wine, which is justifiable in seasons where temperature and humidity control lead to major technical problems, should be reconsidered in the design of new wine cellars.
ATTENDING BIRTH AT THE MARGINS: THE “MIDWIFE PROBLEM”
Authors: Peterson Karen J. 
Published: April 2011

Traditional Birth Attendants: An Annotated Bibliography on Their Training, Utilization, and Evaluation. L. Oddi and B. Pizurki, compilers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1979. Pp. 68. n.p. (paper‐back).Supplement 1. H. Morrow and K. Gilroy, compilers. 1981. Pp. 37. n.p. (paperback).
Effect of Long‐Term Fluticasone Treatment on Immune Function in Horses with Heaves
Authors: Dauvillier J. , Felippe M.J.B. , Lunn D.P. , Lavoie‐Lamoureux A. , Leclère M. , Beauchamp G. , Lavoie J.‐P. 
Published: April 2011

Background:Corticosteroids currently are the most effective pharmacological treatment available to control heaves in horses. Systemically administered corticosteroids have been shown to alter immune response in horses, humans, and other species. Aerosolized administration theoretically minimizes systemic adverse effects, but the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on immune function has not been evaluated in horses.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of prolonged administration of inhaled fluticasone on the immune system of heaves‐affected horses.Animals:Heaves‐affected horses were treated with inhaled fluticasone (n = 5) for 11 months or received environmental modifications only (n = 5).Methods:Prospective analysis. Clinical parameters and CBC, lymphocyte subpopulations and function, and circulating neutrophil gene expression were sequentially measured. Primary and anamnestic immune responses also were evaluated by measuring antigen‐specific antibodies in response to vaccination with bovine viral antigen and tetanus toxoid, respectively.Results:No clinical adverse effects were observed and no differences in immune function were detected between treated and untreated horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:The treatment of heaves‐affected horses with inhaled fluticasone at therapeutic dosages for 11 months has no significant detectable effect on innate and adaptive (both humoral and cell‐mediated) immune parameters studied. These results suggest that prolonged administration of fluticasone would not compromise the systemic immune response to pathogens nor vaccination in adult horses.
Effects of salicylate on RNA polymerase activity and on the incorporation of orotic acid and thymidine into the nucleic acids of rat foetuses in vitro
Authors: Janakidevi K , Smith M J H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Salicylate (10 mM) significantly inhibited the activity of RNA polymerase and the incorporation of radioactivity from orotic acid-5-3H and thymidine-6-3H into whole 13 day and 16 day rat foetuses. The polymerase activity and the incorporation of the labelled orotate were significantly inhibited by 2 mM salicylate in the 16 day foetus only. The inhibitory action of salicylate on RNA biosynthesis may be related to its effects in causing an increased incidence of foetal death and congenital malformation in pregnant rodents.
Simultaneous determination of the effect of a non-ionic surfactant on the dissolution rate and biological activity of tablets of chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Authors: Florence A T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of a non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate 80, on the biological activity of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in solution was investigated using the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Below a certain critical concentration the activity was enhanced in unbuffered drug solutions, but above this concentration the activity was diminished, possibly due to some association between surfactant micelles and drug molecules. The rate of solution of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from coated tablets was increased by 2% polysorbate 80, but the activity was decreased when compared with that in a simple aqueous dissolution medium. This is direct evidence of the erroneous conclusions that can be obtained if dissolution measurements alone are used in assessing the effect of additives on drug performance.
Action of rare earth metal complexes on neurogenic as well as on bradykinin-induced inflammation
Authors: Jancsó-Gábor Aurelia , Szolcsányi J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Both neurogenically evoked inflammation and that induced by bradykinin are not satisfactorily inhibited by the usual anti-inflammatory agents. It has been found that anticoagulant rare earth metal compounds inhibit these types of inflammation. In rats, neurogenic inflammation induced either by antidromic electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve, or by orthodromic stimulation of sensory nerve endings with capsaicin could almost totally be prevented by a neodymium complex of pyrocatechol sodium disulphonate. In rats and rabbits a dose-dependent inhibition of the permeability increase was observed at the site of the injection of bradykinin, kallikrein or bothrops venom. Similarly, there was marked inhibition of “thermic oedema.” The results are in accord with the hypothesis that the blood clotting system plays an important role in the mechanism of inflammation.