bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase levels are related to insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with abnormal glucose regulation
Authors: Bianchi Cristina , Penno Giuseppe , Crisci Isabella , Daniele Giuseppe , Agostini Annalisa , Del Prato Stefano , Miccoli Roberto 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo test the association between gamma‐glutamyltransferase level and glucose regulation.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 500 subjects [199 men/301 women, age 47 ± 11 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2] referred to Diabetes Clinics because of potential risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).ResultsThe prevalence of all glucose intolerance categories was higher in the top quartile of gamma‐glutamyltransferase than in the first. Subjects with normal glucose tolerance showed lower gamma‐glutamyltransferase levels compared with those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG)+ IGT and T2DM (ANOVA, p < 0.0001), but not those with IFG. Homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) increased with increasing levels of gamma‐glutamyltransferase, while the insulinogenic index/HOMA‐IR ratio decreased. In an age‐ and sex‐adjusted analysis, the top gamma‐glutamyltransferase quartile was independently associated with IFG + IGT [odds ratio (OR) 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–5.15] and T2DM (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.47–5.22). After further adjustment for BMI, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, cigarette smoking and physical activity, the top quartile of gamma‐glutamyltransferase remained an independent predictor of IFG + IGT (OR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.13–6.07) and T2DM (OR 2.39; 95% CI: 1.20–4.76). Only when transaminases and HOMA‐IR have been added to the model, the top quartile of gamma‐glutamyltransferase resulted no more independently associated to IFG + IGT or T2DM.ConclusionsGamma‐glutamyltransferase is closely related to insulin resistance, reduced beta‐cell function and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BAC transgenic mice reveal distal cis‐regulatory elements governing BDNF gene expression
Authors: Koppel Indrek , Aid‐Pavlidis Tamara , Jaanson Kaur , Sepp Mari , Palm Kaia , Timmusk Tõnis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors, has important functions in the peripheral and central nervous system of vertebrates. We have generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice harboring 207 kb of the rat BDNF (rBDNF) locus containing the gene, 13 kb of genomic sequences upstream of BDNF exon I, and 144 kb downstream of protein encoding exon IX, in which protein coding region was replaced with the lacZ reporter gene. This BDNF‐BAC drove transgene expression in the brain, heart, and lung, recapitulating endogenous BDNF expression to a larger extent than shorter rat BDNF transgenes employed previously. Moreover, kainic acid induced the expression of the transgenic BDNF mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through preferential activation of promoters I and IV, thus recapitulating neuronal activity‐dependent transcription of the endogenous BDNF gene. genesis 48:214–219, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible vision loss secondary to malnutrition in a woman with severe anorexia nervosa, purging type, and alcohol abuse
Authors: Mroczkowski Megan M. , Redgrave Graham W. , Miller Neil R. , McCoy Allison N. , Guarda Angela S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:To report a case of severe reversible vision loss in a woman with a 7‐year history of anorexia nervosa, purging type, alcohol abuse and a severely restricted, vitamin‐deficient diet.Method:Psychiatric, ophthalmologic, and medical records were reviewed, and a literature search was performed on visual complications associated with anorexia nervosa and malnutrition.Discussion:Ophthalmologic complications of malnutrition are rare but include both oculomotor and visual sensory disturbances. Thiamine deficiency can cause both types of disorders. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are typically associated with optic neuropathy. Clinicians treating eating disorders should be aware of the potential for vitamin deficiencies and associated visual loss in patients with anorexia nervosa. This case highlights the importance of a detailed dietary history to guide vitamin rehabilitation and to minimize or reverse nutritional visual loss. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:281–283)
Development of 230–270 nm AlGaN‐based deep‐UV LEDs
Authors: Hirayama Hideki , Yatabe Tohru , Noguchi Norimichi , Kamata Norihiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe demonstrated AlGaN multi‐quantum well (MQW) deep‐ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths in the range of 227.5 to 273 nm fabricated on high‐quality AlN buffers on sapphire substrates grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We realized crack‐free, thick AlN buffers on sapphire with a low threading dislocation density (TDD) and an atomically flat surface by using the ammonia (NH3) pulse‐flow multilayer (ML) growth technique. We obtained single‐peaked operation of an AlGaN‐MQW LED with a wavelength of 227.5 nm, which is the shortest wavelength of AlGaN‐based LED on sapphire. The maximum output power and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 261‐ and 227.5‐nm LEDs were 1.65 mW and 0.23% in room‐temperature (RT) continuous‐wave (CW) operation, and 0.15 mW and 0.2% in RT pulsed operation, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(3): 24–33, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10197
Reactivity Pattern in the Room‐Temperature Activation of NH3 by the Main‐Group Atomic Ions Ga+, Ge+, As+ and Se+
Authors: Koyanagi Gregory K. , Kapishon Vitaliy , Bohme Diethard K. , Zhang Xinhao , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe activation of ammonia by the main‐group cations Ga+, Ge+, As+ and Se+ has been explored both experimentally and theoretically. ICP/SIFT tandem mass spectrometer measurements of room‐temperature kinetics have revealed a substantial variation in rates and product distributions across the Periodic Table of Elements. The main features of the observed primary chemistry include H‐atom elimination, ammonia addition and a cation‐assisted proton transfer to yield NH4+ that is second order in ammonia. These observations are shown to be completely consistent with computed potential energy surfaces for the reactions of each of the four atomic cations. Dehydrogenation by the elimination of molecular hydrogen, not observed experimentally, is shown by the calculations to be inhibited by the presence of a kinetic barrier.
A Back‐to‐Back Ligand with Dipyrazolylpyridine and Dipicolylamine Metal‐Binding Domains (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 7/2010)
Authors: Tovee Clare A. , Kilner Colin A. , Barrett Simon A. , Thomas James A. , Halcrow Malcolm A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the crystal structure of a heteronuclear trimetallic complex of a “back‐to‐back” ligand superimposed on a view of the wild heather near Kettlewell in the Yorkshire Dales national park, near Leeds. The ligand contains two different metal‐binding domains that can be sequentially metallated with high selectivity – there is no detectable exchange of metal ions between the domains of the ligand in solution. The iron(II) ion at the centre of the complex undergoes a spin transition on cooling, in solution and in the solid state. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by M. A. Halcrow et al. on p. 1007 ff.
Thermal Reactions of Regioisomeric 1,2,4‐Trithiolane S‐Oxides
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Romanski Jaroslaw , McKee Michael L. , Reisenauer Hans Peter , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe products of the gas‐phase pyrolysis of two regioisomeric 1,2,4‐trithiolane S‐oxides were collected in an argon matrix at 10 K and studied by means of spectroscopic as well as computational methods. Whereas the main products of the pyrolysis of the “symmetrical” S‐oxide were identified asthioformaldehyde S‐oxide and thioformaldehyde S‐sulfide, the “non‐symmetrical” S‐oxide gave predominantly dithioformic acid, which exists as a mixture of s‐cis and s‐trans conformers. We present a rationalization of the reaction pathways including density functional theory computations.
Studies Directed Towards the Total Synthesis of (–)‐Dictyostatin
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Rajender Vemula 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of the three major fragments (C1–C9, C10–C17, and C19–C26) of an antimitotic marine macrolide, (–)‐dictyostatin, has been achieved with a desymmetrization strategy and Oppolzer syn and anti aldol protocols as the key reactions. Takai olefination and Sonogashira coupling reactions were successfully utilized to establish the 2Z,4E‐dienoate portion of the C1–C9 fragment and Stille coupling for the Z‐diene core of C19–C26.
Simplified sample preparation procedure for measuring isotope-enriched methylmercury by gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Avramescu Mary-Luyza , Zhu Joy , Yumvihoze Emmanuel , Hintelmann Holger , Fortin Danielle , Lean David R.S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Many procedures have been developed to measure the concentration of monomethylmercury (MeHg) from different sample matrices, and the use of stable isotopes of mercury now provides opportunities to determine its formation and degradation rates. Here, a modified procedure for measuring mercury isotopes in sediment samples that uses acid leaching-ion exchange-thiosulfate extraction (TSE) to isolate and purify the methylated mercury from the matrix is proposed. The latter is followed by aqueous-phase ethylation, purge and trap on Tenax, gas chromatography separation of ethylated mercury compounds, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. The new TSE procedure bridges together two well-known methods, the acid-leaching and distillation-derivatization procedures, offering the advantages of artifact-free formation of the first, and low detection limits and the possibility of quantification of individual isotopes of mercury of the second. The modified procedure retains the derivatization, purge and trap, and gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS) detection steps from the distillation-derivatization procedure, and eliminates the distillation step, which is not only laborious but also expensive, due to the high cost of installation and time-consuming cleaning process. Major advantages of the TSE procedure proposed include the extraction and analysis of a large number of samples in a short time, excellent analyte recoveries, and the lack of artifact formation. Sediment certified reference materials (CRMs), BCR 580 and IAEA 405, were used to test the TSE procedure accuracy. Recoveries between 94 to 106% and 95 to 96% were obtained for CRMs and spiked samples (Milli-Q® water), respectively. Comparisons among thiosulfate extraction, distillation, and acid-leaching procedures have shown good agreement of methylmercury values. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1256–1262. © 2010 SETAC
Environmental and human exposure to persistent halogenated compounds derived from e-waste in China
Authors: Ni Hong-Gang , Zeng Hui , Tao Shu , Zeng Eddy Y. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Various classes of persistent halogenated compounds (PHCs) can be released into the environment due to improper handling and disposal of electronic waste (e-waste), which creates severe environmental problems and poses hazards to human health as well. In this review, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), polybrominated phenols (PBPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) are the main target contaminants for examination. As the world's largest importer and recycler of e-waste, China has been under tremendous pressure to deal with this huge e-waste situation. This review assesses the magnitude of the e-waste problems in China based on data obtained from the last several years, during which many significant investigations have been conducted. Comparative analyses of the concentrations of several classes of toxic compounds, in which e-waste recycling sites are compared with reference sites in China, have indicated that improper e-waste handling affects the environment of dismantling sites more than that of control sites. An assessment of the annual mass loadings of PBDEs, PBBs, TBBPA, PBPs, PCDD/Fs, and ClPAHs from e-waste in China has shown that PBDEs are the dominant components of PHCs in e-waste, followed by ClPAHs and PCDD/Fs. The annual loadings of PBDEs, ClPAHs, and PCDD/Fs emission were estimated to range from 76,200 to 182,000, 900 to 2,000 and 3 to 8 kg/year, respectively. However, PCDD/Fs and ClPAHs should not be neglected because they are also primarily released from e-waste recycling processes. Overall, the magnitude of human exposure to these toxics in e-waste sites in China is at the high end of the global range. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1237–1247. © 2010 SETAC
Fixed relaying with adaptive antenna arrays for the downlink of multihop cellular networks
Authors: Dawy Zaher , Nabi Ibrahim Abdel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMultihop cellular networks are expected to play an important role in the evolution towards 4G. In this work, we propose the use of advanced antenna techniques (adaptive antenna arrays and directional antennas) at fixed relay stations in order to enhance the downlink performance of multihop cellular networks. The performance gains of various adaptive antenna configurations are analytically studied by introducing a new system‐level parameter called the interference reduction factor. Moreover, Monte‐Carlo simulation results as a function of various design parameters are presented and analysed in order to further highlight the gains of advanced antenna techniques. Based on the presented analysis, we propose the use of a hybrid antenna configuration at relay stations in order to obtain high gains with limited increase in complexity and cost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing a high‐order accurate implicit operator scheme for solving steady incompressible viscous flows using artificial compressibility method
Authors: Hejranfar Kazem , Khajeh‐Saeed Ali 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper uses a fourth‐order compact finite‐difference scheme for solving steady incompressible flows. The high‐order compact method applied is an alternating direction implicit operator scheme, which has been used by Ekaterinaris for computing two‐dimensional compressible flows. Herein, this numerical scheme is efficiently implemented to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the primitive variables formulation using the artificial compressibility method. For space discretizing the convective fluxes, fourth‐order centered spatial accuracy of the implicit operators is efficiently obtained by performing compact space differentiation in which the method uses block‐tridiagonal matrix inversions. To stabilize the numerical solution, numerical dissipation terms and/or filters are used. In this study, the high‐order compact implicit operator scheme is also extended for computing three‐dimensional incompressible flows. The accuracy and efficiency of this high‐order compact method are demonstrated for different incompressible flow problems. A sensitivity study is also conducted to evaluate the effects of grid resolution and pseudocompressibility parameter on accuracy and convergence rate of the solution. The effects of filtering and numerical dissipation on the solution are also investigated. Test cases considered herein for validating the results are incompressible flows in a 2‐D backward facing step, a 2‐D cavity and a 3‐D cavity at different flow conditions. Results obtained for these cases are in good agreement with the available numerical and experimental results. The study shows that the scheme is robust, efficient and accurate for solving incompressible flow problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal approximations of nonlinear payoffs in static replication
Authors: Liu Qiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStatic replication of nonlinear payoffs by line segments (or equivalently vanilla options) is an important hedging method, which unfortunately is only an approximation. If the strike prices of options are adjustable (for OTC options), two optimal approximations can be defined for replication by piecewise chords. The first is a naive minimum area approach, which seeks a set of strike prices to minimize the area enclosed by the payoff curve and the chords. The second improves on the first by taking the conditional distribution of the underlying into consideration, and minimizes the expected area instead. When the strike prices are fixed (for exchange‐traded options), a third or the approach of least expected squares locates the minimum for the expected sum of squared differences between the payoff and the replicating portfolio, by varying the weights or quantities of the options used in the replication. For a payoff of variance swap, minimum expected area and least expected squares are found to produce the best numerical results in terms of cost of replication. Finally, piecewise tangents can also be utilized in static replication, which together with replication by chords, forms a pair of lower or upper bound to a nonlinear payoff. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Developmental disruptions induced by insect growth regulator (Novaluron) in Bufo melanostictus tadpoles
Authors: Pancharatna Katti , Ghodageri Manjunath , Deshpande Prasad A. , Javalkar Rutesh 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNovaluron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) used against fruit‐borers and domestic pests. In this study, effects of different concentrations (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 µg l−1) of novaluron on the tail regeneration, limb development and metamorphosis were examined in Bufo melanostictus. Thyroxine (1.0, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 µg l−1), which promotes amphibian development/metamorphosis, and vitamin A (5, 20, 40, 60 IU l−1), which disrupts development and induce polymelia, were used for comparison. Bufo melanostictus tadpoles were raised in the laboratory from eggs collected around Dharwad in August 2007. The tail of tadpoles was amputated at limb‐bud stage under ether anesthesia. Ten tadpoles were exposed to each concentration of chemicals in triplicate for 5 days and then reared in conditioned water. Tadpoles were fed on boiled spinach. In controls (tadpoles exposed to ringer solution), the tail regenerated on the 5th day, hind‐limbs and fore‐limbs appeared on days 15 and 24, respectively; metamorphosis was complete on the 30th day. In 1 and 2 µg l−1 thyroxine exposed tadpoles, regeneration of tail, development of limbs and metamorphosis were preponed to the 4th, 7th, 11th and 23rd day respectively. Exposure to vitamin A resulted in the regeneration of laterally drooped tails, delay in limb development and arrest of metamorphosis in all the concentrations used. Novaluron at lower dose (0.5 µg l−1) was not effective, but at 0.75 µg and higher concentrations it elicited results comparable to those of vitamin A. The study indicates that novaluron interferes with amphibian development if found as contaminant in the water bodies where amphibians live and reproduce. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical micro‐angiography images structural and functional cerebral blood perfusion in mice with cranium left intact
Authors: Jia Yali , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlteration in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the direct result of changes in neuronal activity. It is crucial to monitor the spatio‐temporal characteristics of cerebro‐vascular blood perfusion in the studies of cerebral diseases. Optical micro‐angiography (OMAG) is a recently developed imaging technique capable of resolving 3D distribution of dynamic blood perfusion at a capillary level resolution within microcirculatory beds in vivo. The authors report the applications of OMAG in mouse ischemic stroke model. The study demonstrates that OMAG is a useful method capable of providing in vivo serial assessment of 3D cerebro‐vascular pathophysiology with high sensitivity, and therefore, has the potential for use in the study of brain disorders and repairs. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resorbable bioactive ceramic for treatment of bone infection
Authors: El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Jahed Kiarash , Govindaswami Meera 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads have been widely used in the treatment of bone infection over the last three decades. Although PMMA does offer a mechanism to quickly and effectively administer a localized dose of antibiotic to the site of infection, its efficacy is limited by its nonresorbability and nonbioactivity. Resorbable bioactive silica–calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC75) was investigated as a novel controlled release carrier of vancomycin for the treatment of osteomyelitis. SCPC75 particles adsorbed significantly higher amount of vancomycin compared with PMMA. Moreover, SCPC75 provided a sustained release kinetics of therapeutic dose of vancomycin up to 35 days. The novel resorbable ceramic was able to release 95.5% of the adsorbed drug in an average dose of 12 μg/mL/day over 480 h (35 days). In conjunction with the sustained drug release, a controlled dissolution rate that led to 40% mass loss of SCPC75 was observed. On the other hand, PMMA provided a sustained release of a therapeutic dose of vancomycin for 14 days after which minimal concentration of the drug was detected. Moreover, PMMA retained 32% of the drug adsorbed onto its surface. The SCPC–vancomycin implant can serve a dual function: provide a sustained therapeutic dose of antibiotic to eradicate infection and stimulate bone cell differentiation and new bone formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Aluminum administration in the Rat separately affects the osteoblast and Bone mineralization
Authors: Rodriguez Mariano , Felsenfeld Arnold J. , Llach Francisco 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Aluminum administration in the experimental animal results in osteomalacia as characterized by osteoid accumulation and decreased mineralization. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that either aluminum directly inhibits mineralization or is toxic to the osteoblast. In the present study, PTH was continuously infused in rats with aluminum-induced osteomalacia to evaluate whether aluminum administration decreased mineralization without a concomitant decrease in osteoblasts. Four groups of rats were studied: chronic renal failure (CRF); CRF + aluminum (AL); CRF + PTH; and CRF + PTH + AL. Rats were sacrificed 5 and 12 days after aluminum or diluent administration; in the PTH groups, bovine PTH (1–34) was administered at 2 units/h via a subcutaneously implanted Alzet pump. Aluminum administration decreased osteoblast surface, increased osteoid accumulation, and produced a cessation of bone formation. The infusion of PTH alone increased osteoblast surface and bone formation. The simultaneous administration of aluminum and PTH resulted in an osteoblast surface intermediate between aluminum and PTH alone; however, despite a PTH-induced restoration of osteoblast surface, bone formation did not increase. These findings indicate (1) aluminum is toxic to osteoblasts and also directly inhibits mineralization even when osteoblasts are not decreased; (2) PTH is capable of increasing osteoblasts even in the presence of aluminum; and (3) despite a PTH-induced increase in osteoblast surface, mineralization of osteoid was not improved