bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal left pulmonary artery sling
Authors: Yorioka H. , Kasamatsu A. , Kanzaki H. , Kawataki M. , Yoo S.‐J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLeft pulmonary artery (LPA) sling is a very rare anomaly in which the LPA arises distally, far from the right pulmonary artery on the right side of the distal trachea, turns sharply leftwards around the trachea and courses to the left lung hilum through the space between the trachea and esophagus. LPA sling is often associated with distal tracheal narrowing, due to either intrinsic stenosis or secondary compression by the anomaly itself. To our knowledge, prenatal diagnosis of LPA sling has not been reported so far. We report a case in which LPA sling was diagnosed during fetal ultrasound examination. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antenatal embolization of a large chorioangioma by percutaneous Glubran 2 injection
Authors: Gajewska K. , Herinckx A. , Holoye A. , D'Haene N. , Massez A. , Cassart M. , Van Rysselberge M. , Donner C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe describe a case of a large chorioangioma diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. Because of advanced fetal heart failure at 23 weeks' gestation, embolization of the chorioangioma's vessels was performed by percutaneous injection of Glubran 2 surgical glue. There was no immediate secondary effect of treatment. Devascularization was complete and durable. Signs of fetal cardiac failure normalized after 1 month and a healthy infant was delivered at 38 weeks. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of perinatal survival after successful embolization of a chorioangioma using tissue glue. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal cardiac function between 11 and 35 weeks' gestation and nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: Clur S. A. B. , Oude Rengerink K. , Mol B. W. J. , Ottenkamp J. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe pathophysiological background of an increased nuchal translucency (NT) is still poorly understood. Cardiac dysfunction has been proposed as a cause. The aim of this study was to determine if, in fetuses with normal hearts, the NT thickness is related to cardiac function throughout gestation.MethodsThe NT was measured in 191 karyotypically/phenotypically normal fetuses with structurally normal hearts and was increased (≥ 95th centile) in 104. All fetuses had been referred for fetal echocardiography and were prospectively included between October 1 2003 and April 1 2009. Three‐hundred and ten echocardiograms were performed between 11 and 35 weeks' gestation. The E‐ and A‐wave velocity, E/A velocity ratio, E/time velocity integral (TVI) ratio over the atrioventricular (AV) valves, myocardial performance index, acceleration time (AT) and peak velocity over the semilunar valves, stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) as well as the ductus venosus pulsatility index for veins at 11–14 weeks' gestation (DV‐PIV), were measured. A multilevel analysis was performed using the NT multiples of the median (MoM) as a continuous variable.ResultsAV‐E‐ and A‐wave velocities, E/A velocity ratios, semilunar valve peak velocity, SV, CO and aortic valve (AoV) AT increased significantly with advancing gestation. At 11–14 weeks' gestation, the AoV‐AT, tricuspid valve (TV)‐E/A, TV‐E/TVI ratios and DV‐PIV increased, and the pulmonary valve (PV) AT decreased, with increasing NT‐MoMs. After midgestation, the PV‐AT increased and the AoV‐AT, TV‐E/A and TV‐E/TVI ratios decreased with increasing NT‐MoMs.ConclusionsNT thickness is related to right ventricular diastolic function and semilunar valve AT. Our findings suggest improved first‐trimester, but later reduced, right ventricular relaxation and discordant ventricular afterload in fetuses with an increased NT. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early fetal growth, PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG in relation to risk of delivering a small‐for‐gestational age infant
Authors: Kirkegaard I. , Henriksen T. B. , Uldbjerg N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo examine early fetal growth, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) in relation to the risk of delivering a small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) infant.MethodsIncluded in the study were 9450 singleton pregnant women who attended the prenatal screening program at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, between January 2005 and December 2007. Maternal serum levels of PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG were measured between gestational weeks 8 and 13. Two ultrasound examinations were performed, the first at 11–13 weeks and the second at 18–22 weeks, from which gestational age was estimated based on crown–rump length and biparietal diameter, respectively. Early fetal growth was expressed as an index: the ratio between the estimated number of days from the first to the second scan and the actual calendar time elapsed in days. SGA was defined as birth weight < 5th centile for gestational age, and the risk of SGA was evaluated according to different cut‐offs of the early fetal growth index and the serum markers.ResultsPAPP‐A < 0.4 MoM combined with an early fetal growth index < 10th centile resulted in an increased risk of SGA (odds ratio (OR), 5.8; 95% CI, 2.7–12.7). Low PAPP‐A, low free β‐hCG and slow early fetal growth were statistically, independently associated with SGA, and the association between free β‐hCG < 0.3 MoM and SGA was as strong as that between PAPP‐A < 0.3 MoM and SGA (OR, 3.1 and 3.0, respectively).ConclusionThe combination of slow early fetal growth and low PAPP‐A resulted in a nearly six‐fold increased risk of delivery of an SGA infant. These findings might improve our chances of early identification of fetuses at increased risk of growth restriction. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using adaptation tipping points to prepare for climate change and sea level rise: a case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Kwadijk Jaap C. J. , Haasnoot Marjolijn , Mulder Jan P. M. , Hoogvliet Marco M. C. , Jeuken Ad B. M. , van der Krogt Rob A. A. , van Oostrom Niels G. C. , Schelfhout Harry A. , van Velzen Emiel H. , van Waveren Harold , de Wit Marcel J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStudies on the impact of climate change and sea level rise usually take climate scenarios as their starting point. To support long‐term water management planning in the Netherlands, we carried out a study that started at the opposite end of the effect chain. In the study we refer to three aspects of water management, flood defense, drinking water supply, and protection of the Rotterdam Harbour. We examined whether, and for how long, current water management strategies will continue to be effective under different climate change scenarios. We did this by applying the concept of ‘adaptation tipping points’, and reached it if the magnitude of change is such that the current management strategy can no longer meet its objectives. Beyond the tipping points, an alternative adaptive strategy is needed. By applying this approach, the following basic questions of decision makers are answered:whatare the first issues that we will face as a result of climate change andwhencan we expect this. The results show, for instance, that climate change and the rise in sea level are more likely to cause a threat to the fresh water supply in the west of the Netherlands than flooding. Expressing uncertainty in terms of the period that the existing strategy is effective (when will a critical point be reached) was found to be useful for the policy makers. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Climate projections and their impact on policy and practice
Authors: Lemos Maria Carmen , Rood Richard B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between projections of climate change and the responses to those projections. First, it discusses uncertainty and its role in shaping not only the production of climate projections but also the use of these projections by decision makers. We find that uncertainty critically affects the way climate projections move from useful to usable, where usefulness is defined by scientists' perception of users' needs, and usability is defined by users' perception of what knowledge can be readily applied to their decision. From the point of view of the natural scientist, we pose that there is an uncertainty fallacy, that is, a belief that the systematic reduction of uncertainty in climate projections is required in order for the projections to be used by decision makers. Second, we explore the implications of climate projections for policy and decision making, using examples from the seasonal climate forecast applications literature as an analog. We examine constraints and opportunities for their application in policy and practice and find that over‐reliance on science and technical solutions might crowd out the moral imperative to do what is needed to improve livelihoods and to guarantee ecosystems' long‐term sustainability. We conclude that, in the context of high uncertainty, decision makers should not look for ‘perfect’ forecasts, but seek to implement knowledge systems that integrate climate projections with other kinds of knowledge and that consider the multiple stressors that shape their decision environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
DCLRRA: Distributed cross‐layer routing and resource allocation techniques for OFDMA‐based broadband wireless networks
Authors: Hayajneh Mohammad , Gadallah Yasser 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn this study, we develop a fully distributed routing protocol for OFDMA‐based multihop broadband wireless access (BWA) networks such as those of IEEE 802.16j. We refer to this protocol as the DCLRRA protocol. DCLRRA is based on autonomous resource allocation schemes that we also derive in this paper. The routing protocol's selection of the proper resource allocation scheme is based on whether the relay stations (RSs) are nomadic or stationary. While we develop the autonomous resource allocation schemes, we exploit the multi‐user capabilities of the OFDMA physical layer. This allows simultaneous data transmission sessions within the same neighborhood while offering a total elimination of interference between transmitting nodes. The direct result of this strategy is increased throughput with high utilization of the communication channel. We examine our routing technique to show its performance merits through extensive simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic region‐based mobile multicast
Authors: Wang Shengling , Cui Yong , Das Sajal K. , Wu Jianping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTraditional mobile multicast schemes have higher multicast tree reconfiguration cost or multicast packet delivery cost. Two costs are very critical because the former affects the service disruption time during handoff while the latter affects the packet delivery delay. Although the range‐based mobile multicast (RBMoM) scheme and its similar schemes offer the trade‐off between two costs to some extent, most of them do not determine the size of service region, which is critical to the network performance. Hence, we propose a dynamic region‐based mobile multicast (DRBMoM) to dynamically determine the optimal service region for reducing the multicast tree reconfiguration and multicast packet delivery costs. DRBMoM provides two versions: (i) the per‐user version, named DRBMoM‐U, and (ii) the aggregate‐users version, named DRBMoM‐A. Two versions have different applicability, which are the complementary technologies for pursuing efficient mobile multicast. Though having different data information and operations, two versions have the same method for finding the optimal service region. To that aim, DRBMoM models the users' mobility with arbitrary movement directional probabilities in 2‐D mesh network using Markov Chain, and predicts the behaviors of foreign agents' (FAs') joining in a multicast group. DRBMoM derives a cost function to formulate the average multicast tree reconfiguration cost and the average multicast packet delivery cost, which is a function of service region. DRBMoM finds the optimal service region that can minimize the cost function. The simulation tests some key parameters of DRBMoM. In addition, the simulation and numerical analyses show the cost in DRBMoM is about 22∼50% of that in RBMoM. At last, the applicability and computational complexity of DRBMoM and its similar scheme are analyzed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bounds on Delaunay tessellations
Authors: Shores Roger W. , Wegman Edward J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMotivated by applications in density estimation and data compression, this article considers the bounds on the number of tiles in a Delaunay tessellation as a function of both the number of tessellating points and the dimension. Results can also be interpreted for the dual of the Delaunay tessellation, the Voronoi diagram. Several theoretical lower and upper bounds are found in the combinatorics and computational geometry literatures and are brought together in this article. We make a comparison of these bounds with several empirically derived curves based on multivariate uniform and Gaussian generated random tessellating points. The upper bounds are found to be very conservative when compared with the empirically derived number of tiles, often off by many orders of magnitude. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Natural homogeneous coordinates
Authors: Wegman Edward J. , Said Yasmin H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe natural homogeneous coordinate system is the analog of the Cartesian coordinate system for projective geometry. Roughly speaking a projective geometry adds an axiom that parallel lines meet at a point at infinity. This removes the impediment to line‐point duality that is found in traditional Euclidean geometry. The natural homogeneous coordinate system is surprisingly useful in a number of applications including computer graphics and statistical data visualization. In this article, we describe the axioms of projective geometry, introduce the formalism of natural homogeneous coordinates, and illustrate their use with four applications. WIREs Comp Stat 2010 2 678–685 DOI: 10.1002/wics.122This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Challenges in assessing nanomaterial toxicology: a personal perspective
Authors: Geraci Charles L. , Castranova Vincent 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNanotechnology exploits the fact that nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical properties, which are distinct from fine‐sized particles of the same composition. It follows that nanoparticles may also express distinct bioactivity and unique interactions with biological systems. Therefore, it is essential to assess the potential health risks of exposure to nanoparticles to allow development and implementation of prevention measures. Risk assessment requires data concerning hazard and exposure. Several challenges face the field of nanotoxicology in obtaining the necessary data for assessment of the bioactivity of nanoparticles. They include: (1) the vast number of nanoparticle types to be evaluated, (2) the need to use nanoparticle doses and structure sizes in cellular and animal test systems which are relevant to anticipated workplace exposures, and (3) artifactual in vitro results due to absorption of nutrients or assay indicator compounds from the culture media. This ‘opinion’ reviews the progress made in the field of nanotoxicology in recent years to overcome these challenges. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 569–577This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
A central role for RNA in the induction and biological activities of type 1 interferons
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ling , Ezelle Heather J. , Hsi Teresa Y. , Hassel Bret A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn mammals the type 1 interferon (IFN) system functions as the primary innate antiviral defense and more broadly as a stress response and regulator of diverse homeostatic mechanisms. RNA plays a central role in the induction of IFN and in its biologic activities. Cellular toll‐like receptors (TLR), RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLR), and nucleotide organization domain‐like receptors (NLR) sense pathogen‐ and danger‐associated RNAs as nonself based on structural features and subcellular location that distinguish them from ubiquitous host RNAs. Detection of nonself RNAs activates signaling pathways to induce IFN transcription and secretion. In turn, IFN binds cell surface receptors to initiate signaling that results in the induction of IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) that mediate its biologic activities. RNA also plays a critical role in this effector phase of the IFN system, serving as an activator of enzyme activity for protein kinase RNA‐dependent (PKR) and oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and as a substrate for 2′, 5′‐linked oligoadenylate dependant‐endoribonuclease (RNase‐L). In contrast to the transcriptional response induced by RNA receptors, these key ISGs mediate their activities primarily through post transcriptional mechanisms to regulate the translation and stability of host and microbial RNAs. Together RNA‐sensing and RNA‐effector molecules comprise a network of coordinately regulated proteins with integrated feedback and feed‐forward loops that tightly regulate the cellular response to RNA. This stringent regulation is essential to prevent deleterious effects of uncontrolled IFN expression and effector activation. In light of this extensive crosstalk, targeting key mediators of the cellular response to RNA represents a viable strategy for therapeutic modulation of immune function and treatment of diseases in which this response is dysregulated (e.g., cancer). WIREs RNA 2011 2 58–78 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.32This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
In silico models of bone remodeling from macro to nano—from organ to cell
Authors: Webster Duncan , Müller Ralph 
Published: August 2010

AbstractComputational modeling is a tool through which researchers can achieve a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing biological systems. In the field of bone biology, a plethora of models exist which attempt to replicate and investigate bone's dynamic behavior at different scales. At organ level, models are continuum based and describe the variation of bone's apparent density as a function of both biological and external mechanical stimuli. At tissue level, models include bone microarchitecture and more descriptive parameters such as trabecular thickness, osteoclast resorption depth, and activation frequency. Finally, at cell level, models employ partial differential equations to describe complex cellular interactions in the temporal domain. Although informative, these models exist in isolation. Consequently, their interpretation is limited. In this review, we present an overview of the organ‐, tissue‐, and cell‐level models and assess their ability to reflect bone's metabolic processes reliably. Existing interscale synergies are then presented along with a computational framework which could be exploited to achieve a fully integrated, multiscale modeling approach. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 241–251 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.115This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Improving the performance of industrial ethanol‐producing yeast by expressing the aspartyl protease on the cell surface
Authors: Guo Zhong‐peng , Zhang Liang , Ding Zhong‐yang , Wang Zheng‐Xiang , Shi Gui‐Yang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe yeasts used in fuel ethanol manufacture are unable to metabolize soluble proteins. The PEP4 gene, encoding a vacuolar aspartyl protease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was either secretively or cell‐surface anchored expressed in industrial ethanol‐producing S. cerevisiae. The obtained recombinant strains APA (expressing the protease secretively) and APB (expressing the protease on the cell wall) were studied under ethanol fermentation conditions in feed barley cultures. The effects of expression of the protease on product formation, growth and cell protein content were measured. The biomass yield of the wild‐type was clearly lower than that of the recombinant strains (0.578 ± 0.12 g biomass/g glucose for APA and 0.582 ± 0.08 g biomass/g glucose for APB). In addition, nearly 98–99% of the theoretical maximum level of ethanol yield was achieved (relative to the amount of substrate consumed) for the recombinant strains, while limiting the nitrogen source resulted in dissatisfactory fermentation for the wild‐type and more than 30 g/l residual sugar was detected at the end of fermentation. In addition, higher growth rate, viability and lower yields of byproducts such as glycerol and pyruvic acid for recombinant strains were observed. Expressing acid protease can be expected to lead to a significant increase in ethanol productivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformation of Candida albicans with a synthetic hygromycin B resistance gene
Authors: Basso Luiz R. , Bartiss Ann , Mao Yuxin , Gast Charles E. , Coelho Paulo S. R. , Snyder Michael , Wong Brian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSynthetic genes that confer resistance to the antibiotic nourseothricin in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans are available, but genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics are not. We found that multiple C. albicans strains were inhibited by hygromycin B, so we designed a 1026 bp gene (CaHygB) that encodes Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase with C. albicans codons. CaHygB conferred hygromycin B resistance in C. albicans transformed with ars2‐containing plasmids or single‐copy integrating vectors. Since CaHygB did not confer nourseothricin resistance and since the nourseothricin resistance marker SAT‐1 did not confer hygromycin B resistance, we reasoned that these two markers could be used for homologous gene disruptions in wild‐type C. albicans. We used PCR to fuse CaHygB or SAT‐1 to approximately 1 kb of 5′ and 3′ noncoding DNA from C. albicans ARG4, HIS1 and LEU2, and introduced the resulting amplicons into six wild‐type C. albicans strains. Homologous targeting frequencies were approximately 50–70%, and disruption of ARG4, HIS1 and LEU2 alleles was verified by the respective transformants' inabilities to grow without arginine, histidine and leucine. CaHygB should be a useful tool for genetic manipulation of different C. albicans strains, including clinical isolates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.