bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional plain-film radiology, ultrasonography and CT in jejuno-ileal perforation
Authors: Grassi R. , Pinto A. , Rossi G. , Rotondo A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate conventional radiography, US and CT in identifying jejuno-ileal perforation Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the findings of conventional radiography, US and CT in 13 consecutive patients with surgically proven jejuno-ileal perforation Results: the site of perforation was the ileum in 10 cases and the jejunum in 3 cases. Free gas was identified in 6 cases (46%) while indirect findings of perforation were found in 7 (54%). the jejunal perforations were diagnosed by indirect findings in all 3 cases. the ileal perforations were diagnosed by direct findings in 6 cases and indirect findings in 4 cases Conclusion: Conventional radiology did not detect free gas in 7 (54%) of the 13 patients examined. in the absence of free gas, radiology showed indirect signs in all 7 patients, the most common being intraperitoneal free fluid in 5 (71%) of them. Jejunal perforations were more rare than ileal perforations and more difficult to identify by radiology. US was not useful for detecting free gas but it was useful for identifying intraperitoneal free fluid and intestinal paresis. Abdominal CT was useful when performed 6 h after the symptoms began
Enteroclysis-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of focal small-bowel lesions
Authors: Verma V. , Nagi B. , Rajvanshi A. , Kochhar R. , Singh K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to study the role of enteroclysis-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of focal small-bowel lesions Material and Methods: Twenty patients with non-palpable circumscribed small-bowel lesions found on enteroclysis underwent FNAC after confirmation of needle position under fluoroscopy Results: Positive diagnosis was obtained in 18 (90%) of the patients. Thirteen patients with positive FNAC and one with inconclusive cytology underwent surgery. in all, the cytological diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. No complications were seen Conclusion: Enteroclysis-guided FNAC of focal small-bowel lesions is a safe and accurate diagnostic method
Spiral CT of the pancreas
Authors: Nishiharu T. , Yamashita Y. , Ogata I. , Sumi S. , Mitsuzaki K. , Takahashi M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to compare the value of a retrospective targeted high-resolution spiral CT to the standard reconstruction technique in the assessment of pancreatic diseases Material and Methods: Spiral CT pancreatic images of a standard-size reconstruction protocol were compared prospectively with those of a retrospective targeted high-spatial-resolution reconstruction protocol in 30 patients. Prior to clinical evaluation, a phantom study was performed to evaluate the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of both protocols Results: the high-resolution protocol achieved a good signal-to-noise ratio with acceptable spatial resolution. Phantom studies revealed increased image noise (+17%) with an increase in spatial resolution (+100%). in patients studied with the high-resolution protocol, the increase in noise was not significant but there was a marked improvement in the definition of small details Conclusion: Images obtained with a targeted high-spatial-resolution reconstruction protocol showed superior lesion definition and vascular opacification compared with those obtained with a standard-size reconstruction protocol. This technique may have potential in the evaluation of small pancreatic abnormalities
Aneurysm clip MR artifacts
Authors: Burtscher I. M. , Owman T. , Romner B. , Ståhlberg F. , Holtås S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which titanium aneurysm clips could improve the quality of MR imaging compared with stainless steel clips, and to determine whether the clip artifacts could be reduced by controlling certain MR imaging parameters in frequently used pulse sequences Material and Methods: the metal artifacts induced by 3 aneurysm clips were compared in 3 pulse sequences. the clips were: a Yasargil titanium aneurysm clip FT 752 T; a Yasargil standard aneurysm clip FE 752 K and, for comparison, a ferromagnetic Scoville aneurysm clip En-58J. the pulse sequences were: spin echo (SE); gradient echo (GE); and fast SE. an evaluation was made of 3 imaging parameters with regard to their influence on the size of the metal artifacts. the parameters were: bandwidth; echo time (TE); and echo-train length Results: the titanium clip showed artifacts that were about 60% smaller than those from the stainless steel clip. the only parameter that influenced artifact size to any major degree was bandwidth in the SE sequences but not in the GE sequences. GE sequences induced larger artifacts than SE sequences and showed larger artifacts with longer TE Conclusion: Titanium aneurysm clips reduced MR artifacts by approximately 60% compared to stainless steel clips. Artifacts were further reduced by using SE-based sequences with a high bandwidth or, if necessary, GE sequences with a low TE
Adrenoleukodystrophy - unusual CT and MR findings in two siblings
Authors: Sundgren P. C. , Blennow G. , Englund E. , Holtås S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to describe the unusual appearance of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in MR imaging Material and Methods: an analysis was made of MR findings, histopathology and clinical course in the cases of two brothers with ALD Results: the older brother presented with frontal contrast-enhanced lesions, including a cyst. These were initially misinterpreted as a tumour at both radiology and pathology. the correct diagnosis was made after the discovery of very-long-chain fatty acids in the blood. the younger brother presented initially with involvement of various segments of the corticospinal tract Conclusion: It is important that the radiologist be aware of the variants of ALD in MR imaging so as to avoid diagnostic mistakes
Iodine concentrations in the rat kidney measured by x-ray microanalysis
Authors: Ueda J. , Nygren A. , Sjöquist M. , Jacobsson E. , Ulfendahl H. R. , Araki Y. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To measure the iodine concentrations in the proximal tubules and renal pelvis after i.v. injections of contrast media (CM) at 1600 mg I/kg b.w., using a micro-puncture technique and X-ray microanalysis Material and Methods: The correlation between the viscosity of each CM and its iodine concentration was evaluated and the viscosity of the fluid in the proximal tubule and renal pelvis was estimated in rats Results: After iotrolan injection, the iodine concentration in the proximal tubular fluid had increased to values about three times higher than those reached with diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxaglate. Similarly, iotrolan tended to produce a higher iodine concentration in the renal pelvis than did the other CM. the urine viscosity in the renal pelvis was much higher after the iotrolan injection than after the other CM injections Conclusion: High urine viscosity after iotrolan injection can at least partly explain our previous findings of a prolonged increase in tubular hydrostatic pressure and a prolonged decrease in the single nephron glomerular filtration rate after administration of this CM
Multiplanar reconstruction in MR imaging of the knee
Authors: Wieslander S. B. , Rappeport E. D. , Lausten G. S. , Thomsen H. S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to compare standard MR sagittal and coronal imaging of the knee with the MR technique of finer sagittal imaging and subsequent reconstruction in any plane Material and Methods: Forty-seven patients took part in the study. Two radiologists each made two independent interpretations in every case, based on images of: a) 4-mm sagittal and coronal slices; and b) 1.2-mm sagittal slices with subsequent reconstruction Results: We found no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between the two MR techniques. the reconstruction in any desired plane involved a potential reduction of 10 min in examination time but an increase of approximately 20 min in postprocessing time Conclusion: the use of multiplanar reconstruction offered no additional diagnostic value and no saving of time
Fast spin-echo MR of the articular cartilage in the osteoarthrotic knee
Authors: Kawahara Y. , Uetani M. , Nakahara N. , Doiguchi Y. , Nishiguchi M. , Futagawa S. , Kinoshita Y. , Hayashi K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the objective was to assess the efficacy of fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging in the detection of articular cartilage abnormality in osteoarthrosis of the knee Material and Methods: We studied 356 articular surfaces in 73 knees that had been examined by both MR imaging and arthroscopy. the MR images were obtained with FSE imaging (TR/TE 4200/100) on a 0.5 T unit. the surface abnormalities of the articular cartilage that were detected by MR imaging were compared with the arthroscopic findings Results: the overall sensitivity and specificity of MR in detecting chondral abnormalities were 60.5% (158/261) and 93.7% (89/95) respectively. MR imaging was more sensitive to the higher grade lesions: 31.8% (34/107) in grade 1; 72.4% (71/98) in grade 2; 93.5% (43/46) in grade 3; and 100% (10/10) in grade 4. the MR and arthroscopic grades were the same in 46.9% (167/356), and differed by no more than 1 grade in 90.2% (321/356) and 2 grades in 99.2% (353/356). the correlation between arthroscopic and MR grading scores was highly significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.705 ( p<0.0001) Conclusion: FSE sequence was less sensitive to mild cartilage abnormality but useful in detecting moderate to severe abnormality and in evaluating the degree of articular cartilage abnormality
Portal and splanchnic haemodynamics in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis and in healthy adults
Authors: Dinç H. , Sari A. , Gümele H. Resit , Cihanyurdu N. , Baki A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to assess portal and splanchnic haemodynamics, and splanchnic vascular resistance in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis and in healthy volunteers, by means of duplex Doppler ultrasound (US) Material and Methods: the duplex Doppler US examination was performed in 16 patients with cirrhosis and in 24 healthy volunteers. We investigated vessel diameters, mean flow velocities, and mean blood flows in the portal vein, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and the splenic artery (SA), and measured the resistive index values of SMA and SA Results: the mean portal venous blood flow in patients with cirrhosis (829 ± 264 ml/min) was not statistically different from those in the volunteers (734 ± 194 ml/min). the ratio of the SMA and SA blood flows (621 ml/min) to the portal venous blood flow (734 ml/min) was 0.85 in the control subjects. the mean portal venous blood flow (1261 ml/min) and the portal venous velocity (14.6 cm/s) were higher in the patients with recanalized para-umbilical veins than in the volunteers and in the patients without recanalized para-umbilical veins. the SMA and SA blood flows were significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis compared with volunteers. Splanchnic inflow (the sum of the SMA and SA blood flows) was higher than the portal blood flow in patients with cirrhosis except in the subjects with recanalized para-umbilical veins. SMA and SA resistive index values were significantly higher in these patients than in the volunteers Conclusion: Splanchnic blood flow and splanchnic vascular impedance increased significantly in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis. Splanchnic inflow must not exceed portal venous blood flow in patients with recanalized para-umbilical veins. Portal vein velocity and portal venous blood flow measurements alone are not useful parameters for discriminating patients with cirrhosis from healthy subjects
Electrolytic stent in the normal bile duct
Authors: Cwikiel W. , Harnek J. , Zoucas E. , Stenram U. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate and compare changes in the bile-duct wall after the insertion of electrolytic and nonelectrolytic stents Material and Methods: the electrolytic stents were composed of 3 different layers (iron, isolating polyethylene and tantalum) and were implanted surgically in the bile duct of 8 healthy pigs. the nonelectrolytic stents were also composed of 3 layers (2 layers of tantalum and an isolating layer of polyethylene) and were implanted surgically in the bile ducts of 9 healthy pigs. After an observation time of 8 weeks, the pigs were killed and the bile ducts were excised and sent for histopathological examination Results: One pig was killed after the procedure owing to postoperative complications; all the other pigs survived without complications. Migration of the stent to the bowel occurred in 4 pigs. A slight inflammatory reaction was seen at histopathological examination in 6 pigs with the electrolytic stent and in 6 pigs with the nonelectrolytic stent. There was no difference in the specimens from pigs with electrolytic and nonelectrolytic stents Conclusion: the electrolytic stents did not cause more changes in the normal bile-duct wall than the nonelectrolytic stents
Contrast enhancement in the craniopharyngioma cyst wall caused by irradiation
Authors: Eldevik O. P. , Gabrielsen T. O. , Altinok D. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to report the occurrence, degree, frequency, and duration of contrast enhancement in the craniopharyngioma cyst wall as caused by irradiation Material and Methods: Eight patients with cystic craniopharyngiomas had comparable CT or MR studies before and after either external irradiation of the cyst (n=5) or 32P instillation into the cyst (n=3) Results: A minimal to marked increase in cyst-wall enhancement was seen at 66–157 days after 32P instillation in 3/3 cases and at 112–495 days after external irradiation in 3/5 cases. the increased enhancement was always associated with a variable interim increase in the thickness of the enhanced cyst wall Conclusion: CT or MR imaging after the irradiation of cystic craniopharyngiomas usually demonstrated an increase in thickness and enhancement in the cyst wall. Such changes may be due to the irradiation alone and do not necessarily represent infection or increased neoplastic activity. the timing is uncertain as to the earliest possible development of such changes and their maximum duration, but they were seen as early as 66 days post-irradiation and as late as 495 days post-irradiation
Duplex ultrasound in the subclavian steal syndrome
Authors: Pãivänsalo M. , Heikkilä O. , Tikkakoski T. , Leinonen S. , Merikanto J. , Suramo I. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the effect of subclavian steal on the contralateral vertebral flow and its possible effect on carotid flow were studied and the US results were compared to the angiographic findings Material and Methods: the study consisted of the records of 74 patients with a duplex Doppler finding of subclavian steal syndrome. of these, 48 patients had had both angiography and US of the neck arteries and were selected for comparison. for a comparison of the US flow values, a control series of 48 was selected from our carotid archive and consisted of patients without subclavian steal who had also been examined with both US and angiography Results: of the 48 patients, 44 had a subclavian steal syndrome at angiography, 31 on the left side and 13 on the right. of the 44, 21 patients had subclavian occlusion, and 23 stenosis. in 84% of the subclavian occlusions, US showed a complete systodiastolic steal and in 16% a partial systolic steal, while the corresponding findings for subclavian stenoses were 17% and 83%. of the 48 cases, 4 were not real subclavian steals: 2 had vertebral occlusion (1 with a 90% subclavian diameter stenosis) on the side of retrograde flow at US and a steal through the vertebral and collateral arteries to the spinal arteries; and 2 had a 70% diameter stenosis of the subclavian artery and to-and-fro flow in the vertebral artery at angiography. in the 21 cases of complete steals, the subclavian diameter stenosis was 97±8% at angiography, and in the 23 partial steals, it was 85±10%. There was a significant increase in contralateral vertebral and common carotid flow in the cases with retrograde vertebral flow compared to the vertebral and common carotid flow of the control subjects. the retrograde flow values, the ipsilateral vertebral lumen diameter, and the flow values in the common carotid arteries were higher in complete steals and subclavian occlusions than in partial steals Conclusion: A complete vertebral steal at US correlated well with subclavian occlusion and a partial steal suggested stenosis of the subclavian artery. There were also flow changes in the contralateral vertebral artery and the common carotid arteries that compensated for the steal. Retrograde vertebral flow at US was sometimes associated with vertebral occlusion in subclavian stenosis without a true subclavian steal
Development of a huge varix following endovascular embolization for cerebellar arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Mineura K. , Sasajima H. , Itoh Y. , Kowada M. , Tomura N. , Goto K. 
Published: January 2010

We report on the case of a huge varix that developed after the endovascular embolization of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a single drainer. A 21-year-old male presented with trigeminal neuralgia which was caused by the dilated drainer of the AVM. A varix was found at the basal vein of Rosenthal 2 months after an initial stage of embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles; it diminished after the surgical extirpation of the AVM The varix formation might have been facilitated by the stenosis in the vein of Galen and by the dynamic changes that followed the embolization This rare complication should be kept in mind when embolization is performed for AVMs with impaired venous outlets
Reliability of doppler ultrasound in follow-up studies
Authors: Mikkonen R. H. M. , Kreula J. M. , Virkkunen P. J. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate the reliability of repeat Doppler US measurements Material and Methods: Nine radiologists conducted two sets of Doppler US measurements on a healthy volunteer, with a time interval of 9 months. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured 10 times in 4 arteries Results: There was considerable intra- and inter-observer variation both at baseline and 9 months later. the PSV values from the carotid artery varied from 0.27 m/s to 1.95 m/s in February and from 0.22 m/s to 1.38 m/s in November. the RI values from the renal artery ranged from 0.44 to 0.71 in February and from 0.41 to 0.67 in November. the results of the 9-month follow-up varied markedly too. Best reproducibility was achieved by highly experienced radiologists both at baseline and 9 months later Conclusion: the short-term and long-term reliability of Doppler US was poor when the measurements were performed by a heterogeneous group of radiologists. the RI and PI measurements were somewhat more reliable than the PSV measurements and are recommended for use in follow-up studies
Costs of plain-film radiography in a partially digitized radiology department
Authors: Alanen J. , Keski-Nisula L. , Laurila J. , Suramo I. , Standertskjöld-Nordenstam C.-G. , Brommels M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of the study was to analyse the costs of computed radiography (CR) as part of a small picture archiving and communication system (mini-PACS), and to compare these costs with those of conventional analogue radiography using activity-based accounting (ABC) Material and Methods: the study was conducted at the Central Hospital of Vaasa where in 1993 the Radiology Department acquired a mini-PACS with a CR reader, a chest CR unit, and a CT unit as digital image processing modalities. of altogether 34140 plain-film examinations, 3/4 were made with CR and stored mostly on film, and 1/4 were made with conventional analogue radiography. the costs and activities of these two modes were analysed by means of the ABC method which identifies and allocates indirect costs in radiological procedures Results: the costs of CR imaging were 9% higher than those of conventional radiography. the costs of the chest CR unit were equal to those of conventional radiography. the difference was due to higher investment costs in digital image processing. the time gained from a reduction in the number of retakes did not shorten the time spent by patients in the examination room, and its effect on film costs was minimal Conclusion: in planning the step-by-step transition of conventional film-based analogue radiography to fully digitized radiography, it should be noted that films are still used in the transition period and that this is associated with higher costs than in the previous system of conventional analogue plain-film imaging
Gd-dtpa as an alternative contrast agent in conventional and interventional radiology
Authors: Vehmas T. , Markkola A. T. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Patients with contra-indications to iodine-based contrast media present problems in radiological examination. In this study, we evaluated Gd-DTPA as an alternative contrast agent in conventional and interventional radiology Material and Methods: The undiluted contrast agent Gd-DTPA meglumine (469 mg/ml, Magnevist) was used in 10 examinations in 8 patients. A dosage of 20-45 ml was used in 5 conventional studies: endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, cystography, urethrocystography, and 2 retrograde pyelographies. A dosage of 10-120 ml was used in 5 interventions: 1 percutaneous nephrostomy, and 4 biliary tract drainages Results: The image quality was adequate in all studies. No adverse pharmacological reactions occurred; however, there was renal extravasation of Gd-DTPA which did cause temporary pain in 1 patient at bilateral retrograde pyelography Conclusion: Gd-DTPA may be used as an alternative contrast medium in selected conventional and interventional roentgenological studies when iodine is contra-indicated
Malignant glioma
Authors: Kadota T. , Nakagawa H. , Kuroda C. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To investigate the clinical utility of 3D time-of-flight (Tof) MR angiography (MRA) in the evaluation of pathological vessels in patients with malignant glioma Material and Methods: Sixteen patients with malignant glioma (12 with glioblastoma multiforme and 4 with anaplastic astrocytoma) were examined with 3D Tof MRA before and after the injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. The 3D Tof MRA study was compared with conventional angiography in all patients Results: The unenhanced 3D Tof MRAs successfully depicted the feeding arteries in 9 patients but failed to depict small feeding arteries in 2 patients in whom these arteries were shown by conventional angiography. The enhanced MRAs demonstrated draining veins from the lesions in 8 patients but failed to depict a draining vein in 1 patient that was shown by conventional angiography. The stereoscopic view projection effectively depicted displacements of the major cerebral arteries in 14 patients, and deep venous structures in 11 patients which almost accorded with the findings at conventional angiography Conclusion: Our results indicate that 3D Tof MRA can provide an accurate visualization of pathological vascular structures and thus help establish a diagnosis in patients with malignant glioma