bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and targeting of cancer stem cells
Authors: Schatton Tobias , Frank Natasha Y. , Frank Markus H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSC) represent malignant cell subsets in hierarchically organized tumors, which are selectively capable of tumor initiation and self‐renewal and give rise to bulk populations of non‐tumorigenic cancer cell progeny through differentiation. Robust evidence for the existence of prospectively identifiable CSC among cancer bulk populations has been generated using marker‐specific genetic lineage tracking of molecularly defined cancer subpopulations in competitive tumor development models. Moreover, novel mechanisms and relationships have been discovered that link CSC to cancer therapeutic resistance and clinical tumor progression. Importantly, proof‐of‐principle for the potential therapeutic utility of the CSC concept has recently been provided by demonstrating that selective killing of CSC through a prospective molecular marker can inhibit tumor growth. Herein, we review these novel and translationally relevant research developments and discuss potential strategies for CSC‐targeted therapy in the context of resistance mechanisms and molecular pathways preferentially operative in CSC.
Changing phosphoinositides “on the fly”: how trafficking vesicles avoid an identity crisis
Authors: Botelho Roberto J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractJoining an antagonistic phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) kinase and phosphatase into a single protein complex may regulate rapid and local PtdInsP changes. This may be important for processes such as membrane fission that require a specific PtdInsP and that are innately local and rapid. Such a complex could couple vesicle formation, with erasing of the identity of the donor organelle from the vesicle prior to its fusion with target organelles, thus preventing organelle identity intermixing. Coordinating signals are postulated to switch the relative activities of the kinase and phosphatase in a spatio‐temporal manner that matches membrane fission events. The discovery of two such complexes supports this hypothesis. One regulates the interconversion of phosphatidylinositol and PtdIns(3)P by joining the Vps34 PtdIns 3‐kinase and the myotubularin 3‐phosphatases. The other regulates the interconversion between PtdIns(3)P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 through the Fab1/PIKfyve kinase and the Fig4/mFig4 phosphatase. These lipids are essential components of the endosomal identity code.
Comparison of an Ion Exchanger and an In‐House Electrodialysis Unit for Recovery of L‐Lactic Acid from Fungal Fermentation Broth
Authors: Boonkong W. , Sangvanich P. , Petsom A. , Thongchul N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLactic acid has long been widely used in many applications. Currently, the worldwide market is increasing due to the discovery of biodegradable polylactic acid. In this work, L‐lactic acid separations from filamentous fungal fermentation broth using ion‐exchange chromatography and in‐house electrodialysis, were studied and compared. Dowex Marathon WBA was used for the lactic acid separation. The adsorption equilibrium followed a Langmuir isotherm. The optimal conditions for lactic acid adsorption in a fixed‐bed column were at pH 6.0, and 0.8 mL/min and elution by a mixture of 1.0 M sulfuric acid and 1.0 M phosphoric acid in a ratio of 30:70 at 0.3 mL/min. The final lactic acid recovery was 76 % with 90 % purity. A laboratory scale in‐house electrodialysis apparatus was constructed with an effective membrane area of 2.925 · 10–3 m2. The effects of feeding solution concentration, flow rate, pH of the fermentation broth, and applicable voltage were studied. Under the optimal conditions, lactic acid recovery was 92 % with 100 % purity and a specific energy consumption of 0.6122 kWh/kg.
Prognosis and patterns of care in elderly patients with glioma
Authors: Iwamoto Fabio M. , Reiner Anne S. , Nayak Lakshmi , Panageas Katherine S. , Elkin Elena B. , Abrey Lauren E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to evaluate the patterns of care and survival of older adults with oligodendroglioma (OLI) and astrocytoma (AST) from a large population‐based registry.METHODS:The authors identified a cohort of OLI and AST patients aged ≥65 years from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims between 1994 and 2002. Patients with a diagnosis of glioblastoma were excluded. The impact of demographic characteristics and comorbidities on the probability of undergoing surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy within 6 months of diagnosis was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS:A total of 1067 patients (891 with AST and 176 with OLI) were included; the median survival was 9 months for patients with low‐grade AST, 4 months for patients with anaplastic AST, 57 months for patients with low‐grade OLI, and 9 months for patients with anaplastic OLI. Approximately 54% of patients underwent resection at the time of diagnosis; 66% received RT, and 13% received chemotherapy within 6 months of diagnosis. In a multivariate regression analysis, age and tumor grade were found to be the most significant predictors of resection, RT, or chemotherapy. Patients with anaplastic tumors were treated with resection, RT, and chemotherapy more often than patients with low‐grade tumors, and OLI patients received chemotherapy more frequently than AST.CONCLUSIONS:Data from the current study suggested that histologic diagnosis and tumor grade retained significant prognostic value in this elderly AST and OLI population. Furthermore, age and tumor grade were found to influence the probability of undergoing surgery, RT, and chemotherapy in this cohort. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Radiotherapy or surgery for head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Hall Stephen F. , Groome Patti A. , Irish Jonathan , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors compared the survival outcomes of radiotherapy +/− salvage surgery to surgery +/− postoperative radiotherapy for patients with squamous cell cancer of the hypopharynx. There was no evidence beyond observational studies and no consensus on the which treatment is most effective for this patient group.METHODS:The authors conducted a retrospective population‐based study of 595 patients from Ontario Canada diagnosed between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1999. Three different methodological approaches were used for the survival analysis including a restricted cohort study, a matched case‐control study, and a natural experiment study across defined geographic regions.RESULTS:The authors found no survival advantage for either radiotherapy +/− salvage surgery or surgery +/− postoperative radiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS:This study set the baseline for clinical decisions that was not previously established there is no difference in survival for patients with hypopharynx comparing primary surgery to primary radiotherapy. This information is essential for the interpretation of current treatment results, the planning of future clinical studies and the treatment of patients who are not having chemoradiotherapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration with atypia of undetermined significance
Authors: Shi Yan , Ding Xin , Klein Melissa , Sugrue Chiara , Matano Sandra , Edelman Morris , Wasserman Patricia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Atypia of undetermined significance is a controversial category in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), not only for its questioned clinical utility, but also for its very existence as an expression of uncertainty. The current study was performed to investigate the potential impact of eliminating this category on the sensitivity and specificity for detecting thyroid neoplasms by FNA.METHODS:Forty cases originally diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance with histologic follow‐up were selected for the present study. These cases were reinterpreted blindly by 2 experienced reviewers, who eliminated atypia of undetermined significance as a diagnostic possibility and reclassified these cases as either benign, follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, or malignant. Twenty‐six cases of atypia of undetermined significance were randomly selected and reevaluated 6 months later to study intraobserver variation.RESULTS:After eliminating the atypia of undetermined significance category, the sensitivity for detecting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was reduced from 100% to 27% (P = .04). In those atypia of undetermined significance cases that were reclassified as benign, 37% had PTC. In those reclassified as follicular neoplasm or suspicious for malignancy, 38% were histologically proven to be benign lesions. Unanimous interobserver and intraobserver agreement was observed in only 60% of cases.CONCLUSIONS:Eliminating the diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance substantially decreases the sensitivity of thyroid FNAs and increases both false‐positive and false‐negative rates. In addition, it increases interobserver and intraobserver variability. Therefore, the atypia of undetermined significance category should not be eliminated; but we advocate minimizing its use. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Amplification of Chirality and Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Autocatalytic Soai Reaction
Authors: Schiaffino Luca , Ercolani Gianfranco 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFrom a kinetic analysis of the “dimer model”, which is the most prominent mechanism of the Soai reaction, an equation is derived predicting the amplification of enantiomeric excess as a function of initial conditions. The role played by the enantioselectivity of the catalyst‐product is also taken into account. Comparison with experimental data obtained at 0 °C by Soai et al. shows that the predicted enantiomeric excesses are lower than the experimental values by up to four orders of magnitude, and thus revision of the dimer model in the low‐temperature regime is warranted. A kinetic analysis including the formation of tetramers is presented that fits the data at 0 °C and indicates that 2:2 heterochiral tetramers are more stable than homochiral and 3:1 heterochiral tetramers. A DFT study on diastereomers of barrel‐like tetramers indeed shows higher stability of 2:2 heterochiral tetramers and thus lends support to the above kinetic analysis.
Single‐Molecule Spectroscopy on a Ladder‐Type Conjugated Polymer: Electron–Phonon Coupling and Spectral Diffusion
Authors: Hildner Richard , Winterling Laura , Lemmer Ulrich , Scherf Ullrich , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe employ low‐temperature single‐molecule spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques for data analysis on a methyl‐substituted ladder‐type poly(para‐phenylene) (MeLPPP) to investigate the electron–phonon coupling to low‐energy vibrational modes as well as the origin of the strong spectral diffusion processes observed for this conjugated polymer. The results indicate weak electron–phonon coupling to low‐frequency vibrations of the surrounding matrix of the chromophores, and that low‐energy intrachain vibrations of the conjugated backbone do not couple to the electronic transitions of MeLPPP at low temperatures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the main line‐broadening mechanism of the zero‐phonon lines of MeLPPP is fast, unresolved spectral diffusion, which arises from conformational fluctuations of the side groups attached to the MeLPPP backbone as well as of the surrounding host material.
Deposition of Mo Oxide and Metallic Mo Films by Chemical Vapor Transport of MoO3(OH)2
Authors: Lee Young Jung , Seo Young Ik , Kim Se Hoon , Kim Dae‐Gun , Kim Young Do 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMolybdenum oxides have attracted interest as gas sensing, catalytic, photochromic, and electrochromic materials. Molybdenum coatings are currently applied to materials for friction and wear control over a wide temperature range; they are also resistant to corrosion and chemicals. In this study, a new technique for deposition of MoO2 and metallic Mo, through the chemical vapor transport (CVT) of MoO3(OH)2 during hydrogen reduction of a MoO3 powder, is presented. MoO2 and metallic Mo are deposited in two temperature ranges during hydrogen reduction, namely, MoO3 → MoO2 and MoO2 → Mo, respectively. The MoO2 film is directly deposited by using volatile MoO3(OH)2 gas formed during the hydrogen reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 at the lower temperature, while metallic Mo film is obtained by simultaneous hydrogen reduction of deposited MoO2 at the higher temperature.
Four‐ and five‐color flow cytometry analysis of leukocyte differentiation pathways in normal bone marrow: A reference document based on a systematic approach by the GTLLF and GEIL
Authors: Arnoulet Christine , Béné Marie C. , Durrieu Françoise , Feuillard Jean , Fossat Chantal , Husson Bernard , Jouault Hélène , Maynadié Marc , Lacombe Francis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground:The development of multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) and increasingly sophisticated analysis software has considerably improved the exploration of hematological disorders. These tools have been widely applied in leukaemias, lymphomas, and myelodysplasias, yet with very heterogeneous approaches. Consequently, there is no extensive reference document reporting on the characteristics of normal human bone marrow (BM) in multiparameter FCM. Here, we report a reference analysis procedure using relevant antibody combinations in normal human BM.Methods:A first panel of 23 antibodies, constructed after literature review, was tested in four‐color combinations (including CD45 in each) on 30 samples of BM. After evaluation of the data, a second set of 22 antibodies was further applied to another 35 BM samples. All list‐modes from the 65 bone marrow samples were reviewed collectively. A systematised protocol for data analysis was established including biparametric representations and color codes for the three major lineages and undifferentiated cells.Results:This strategy has allowed to obtain a reference atlas of relevant patterns of differentiation antigens expression in normal human BM that is available within the European LeukemiaNet. This manuscript describes how this atlas was constructed.Conclusions:Both the strategy and atlas could prove very useful as a reference of normality, for the determination of leukemia‐associated immunophenotypic patterns, analysis of myelodysplasia and, ultimately, investigation of minimal residual disease in the BM. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and eating disorders: A meta‐analytic study
Authors: Lee Yu , Lin Pao‐Yen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveCompelling evidence has suggested a role for serotonin system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Studies have examined the association between EDs and a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5‐HTTLPR). These studies have yielded inconsistent results. The present study aimed to determine conclusively whether there is an association by using a meta‐analytic method.MethodData of over 2,000 participants from eight independent case–controlassociation studies were pooled by using a random effects model.ResultsAN was found to be significantly associated with the S allele (p < .001) and S carrier (SS + LS) genotype (p = .007). However, BN was associated neither with the S allele (p = .49) nor with the S carrier genotype (p = .33).DiscussionThese results suggested that the genetic variance of the serotonin transporter gene promoter contributed to the susceptibility of AN. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:498–504
Nocturnal eating: Association with binge eating, obesity, and psychological distress
Authors: Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Rosselli Francine , Wilson G. Terence , Perrin Nancy , Harvey Kate , DeBar Lynn 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine clinical correlates of nocturnal eating, a core behavioral symptom of night eating syndrome.MethodData from 285 women who had participated in a two‐stage screening for binge eating were utilized. Women (n = 41) who reported one or more nocturnal eating episodes in the past 28 days on the eating disorder examination and women who did not report nocturnal eating (n = 244) were compared on eating disorder symptomatology, body mass index (BMI), and on measures of psychosocial adjustment.ResultsNocturnal eaters were significantly more likely to report binge eating and differed significantly from non‐nocturnal eaters (with responses indicating greater disturbance) on weight and shape concern, eating concern, self‐esteem, depression, and functional impairment, but not on BMI or dietary restraint. Group differences remained significant in analyses adjusting for binge eating.DiscussionThis study confirms the association between nocturnal eating and binge eating previously found in treatment seeking samples yet also suggests that the elevated eating disorder symptoms and decreased psychosocial adjustment observed in nocturnal eaters is not simply a function of binge eating. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:520–526
Syntheses, Structures and Theoretical Investigations of [Li(thf)4]2[Ti2Cu8S4(SPh)10] and [Ti2Ag6S6Cl2(PPhiPr2)6]
Authors: Sommer Heino , Drebov Nedko , Eichhöfer Andreas , Ahlrichs Reinhart , Fenske Dieter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe reaction of CuOAc (OAc = acetate) with TiCl4·2thf and LiSPh in thf leads to the formation of tiny deep‐red crystals of [Li(thf)4]2[Ti2Cu8S4(SPh)10]. The silver/titanium cluster complex [Ti2Ag6S6Cl2(PPhiPr2)6] was synthesized by the reaction of TiCl4·2thf with AgPhCO2 and S(SiMe3)2 in the presence of PPhiPr2. The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by X‐ray analysis of single crystals. Additionally, theoretical investigations were performed to assign the proper chlorine/sulfur atomic positions and to rationalize the bonding situation in 1 and 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a Ferrocene‐Bridged Bis[tris(arylselenolato)stannyl] Compound
Authors: Nayek Hari Pada , Hilt Gerhard , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo ferrocene‐bridged bis[tris(arylselenolate)stannyl] compounds with the general formula (RSe)3Sn–Fc–Sn(SeR)3 [Fc = ferrocene; R = Ph (1), 1‐Np (2)] were synthesized and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy (1, 2) as well as X‐ray diffraction (1). It was shown by DFT calculations that the observed mixed cis/trans conformation of the SePh groups in 1 represents the global minimum on the energy hyperface in the presence of an Fc bridge between the two tin atoms. Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of 1 indicated the electrochemically driven conversion under cleavage of the tin–selenium bond.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stepwise geographical traceability of virgin olive oils by chemical profiles using artificial neural network models
Authors: García‐González Diego L. , Luna Guadalupe , Morales Maria T. , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe geographical traceability of virgin olive oils implies the use of analytical methods that allow the identification of the origin of the oil and the authentication of the information boasted on the labels. In this work, the geographical identification of the virgin olive oils has been addressed by complete chemical characterisation of samples (64 compounds analysed by GC and HPLC) and the design of artificial neural network (ANN) models for each one of the levels of a proposed classification scheme. A high number of samples (687) from Spain, Italy and Portugal served as training and test sets for the ANN models. The highest classification level, focused on the grouping of samples by country, was achieved through analysis of fatty acids, with 99.9% of samples classified. Other levels (region, province, Protected Designations of Origin or PDO) were focused on Spanish oils and required additional series of compounds (sterols, alcohols, hydrocarbons) as well as the fatty acids to obtain classification rates higher than 90%. The classification of oils into different PDOs – the last and most difficult level of classification – showed the highest root mean square errors. The classification percentages, however, were still higher than 90% in the test set, which proves the application of the traceability methodology for a chemical verification of PDO claims.
In‐vitro study on the efficacy of tannin fractions of edible nuts as antioxidants
Authors: Karamać Magdalena 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTannin fractions were isolated from crude acetonic extracts of defatted walnut, hazelnut and almond kernels using Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography. The obtained material was characterized by content of total phenolics and electrophoretic separations using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The antioxidant activities of the tannin fractions were analyzed by several methods: DPPH and ABTS assays, photochemiluminescence (PCL) method, as well as in two lipid model systems: emulsion with β‐carotene‐linoleic acid and L‐α‐lecithin liposomes. The contents of total phenolics in the tannin fractions of walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds were 550, 329 and 83 mg catechin eq/g, respectively. The electrophoretic profiles of hazelnut and almond tannin fractions were similar, in contrast to the walnut profile. All analyzed fractions exhibited strong antioxidant properties. The antioxidant capacity of lipid‐soluble (ACL) compounds determined by PCL method was the highest for the fraction isolated from walnuts – 7.35 mmol Trolox eq/g. The DPPH radical and the ABTS radical cation were scavenged by the walnut tannin fraction with a higher efficacy than by the two other fractions. EC50 values of the DPPH method were 1.8 times higher for the hazelnut fraction and 2.3 times higher for the almond fraction when compared to the walnut tannins. In turn, the total antioxidant activity values were 8.17, 2.82 and 1.98 mmol Trolox eq/g for the walnut, hazelnut and almond fractions, respectively. On the other hand, in both lipid models applied, lower antioxidant activity of walnut tannins than of hazelnut tannins was noted. The antioxidant effect of almond tannins was weaker or similar than that of walnut tannins in the β‐carotene‐linoleic acid emulsion and the L‐α‐lecithin liposomal system, respectively.
Distribution of monomeric, dimeric and polymeric products of stigmasterol during thermo‐oxidation
Authors: Lampi Anna‐Maija , Kemmo Suvi , Mäkelä Anu , Heikkinen Susanna , Piironen Vieno 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhen plant sterols are oxidized at moderate temperatures (≤100 °C), products mainly derive from hydroperoxides, but at temperatures close to 200 °C, thermal reactions such as dehydration and condensation become important. Although sterols are often subjected to frying conditions, very little is known of their thermal reactions. In this study, stigmasterol was thermo‐oxidized at 180 °C, and the formation of dimers and polymers and the amounts of monomers were measured by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography. The products were further characterized by polarity using solid‐phase extraction fractionation. During heating, the amounts of monomers decreased at a steady rate, and those of dimers and polymers increased. After 3 h of heating, 21% of the material existed in higher‐molecular‐weight products. The amount of polar monomers increased especially during the first hour, demonstrating the formation of oxides and their further reactions, while that of mid‐polar monomers decreased constantly, indicating losses of stigmasterol. Polar dimers contributed to approximately 60% of the dimers, and polar polymers to approximately 78% of the polymers, which suggests that in most higher‐molecular‐weight products at least one of the sterol moieties was oxidized. This study showed that a significant proportion of thermo‐oxidation products are not polar monomeric oxides which are commonly analyzed as oxidation products.