bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel and Gaussian frequency hopping for dynamic coexistence in the unlicensed band
Authors: Hasan M. M. , Prakash Ravi , Jue Jason P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWith the surge of short‐range wireless applications, more networks are being deployed in the unlicensed radio band. The challenge that emerges is to accommodate these networks without breaching current rules and regulations on frequency usage. This paper studies the coexistence of several independent and dynamic wireless networks using the frequency hopping technique. We propose a novel hopping scheme that minimizes mutual interference and allows more networks to collocate effectively, but does not violate restrictions imposed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding frequency constraint (related to the minimum number of frequencies in a hopping set) and time constraint (related to the maximum duration of using a particular frequency). The coexisting networks follow the Gaussian distribution in choosing transmission frequencies from parallel hopping spaces without the overhead of extra message exchange among networks. Simulation results on key metrics such as channel collision rate, goodput, and fairness in channel usage are presented to establish the viability of the proposed scheme in comparison with other contemporary approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color recognition with compact color features
Authors: Park Sun‐Mi , Kim Ku‐Jin 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYFor color images, color histograms are generally used as the color feature vectors for classifying the colors of objects. To achieve a higher success rate in color classification, feature vectors with a higher dimension are required, yet this causes a low efficiency with regard to the computation time and memory usage. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of reducing the feature vector dimension by a factor of 170 based on combining two techniques: (i) projecting a color histogram generated in 3D color space into 2D color planes and (ii) converting the color histograms to class histograms using a naive Bayesian classifier. The resulting feature vectors are then classified using a support vector machine method and template matching method to recognize the object colors. With both classification methods, a better recognition rate is achieved than when using the original large feature vectors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial value compensation with additional input considering optimization of control input
Authors: Hirose Noriaki , Terachi Yasuhisa , Kawafuku Motohiro , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method of initial value compensation (IVC) with additional input by considering the optimization of control input. IVC has been used to improve the control performance of various control systems with different initial values. Essential subjects, however, have still remained: in the conventional IVC approaches, the increases in the amplitude and number of high‐frequency components of the control input that accompany an increase in the control bandwidth could not be avoided. In this research, therefore, an optimization approach for control input is applied under the constraints of the conventional IVC approach. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(2): 63‐73, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21026
Characteristics of supersonic closed loop with disk CCMHD generator
Authors: Yamasaki Hiroyuki , Murakami Tomoyuki , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe results of an experimental study on performance of a supersonic closed loop with a disk MHD generator are described. High‐temperature (>1900 K) argon circulation was carried out successfully for 2.4 hours. The heat gain and loss of argon was investigated, and a large heat loss was found at the diffuser and the exhaust duct, although the energy efficiency of the recuperator was high. The large heat loss was ascribed to water cooling at the diffuser and the exhaust duct. At the same time, enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient was suggested. The argon temperature and the heat loss calculated under the assumption of a heat transfer coefficient four times as large show good agreement with experimental data. The pressure ratio inside the loop was investigated, and the results indicate that the total pressure upstream of the nozzle throat is decided by the total temperature and the mass flow. On the other hand, the total pressure on the downstream side is determined by the total mass in the loop and the total pressure on the upstream side. The first power generation was carried out, and a good correlation between the load resistance and the Hall voltage was observed. However, the power output remained very small. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(2): 1–12, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21069
A transient chaotic associative memory model with temporary stay function
Authors: Obayashi Masanao , Narita Kenichiro , Kobayashi Kunikazu , Kuremoto Takashi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhen chaotic dynamics is imparted to the neurons that compose the associative memory model, they search for stored patterns in a pattern space chaotically. However, this model has the deficiency that judgment of whether the stored pattern has been recollected or not is difficult because its behavior is always chaotic. Because all dynamics of the chaotic neurons are chaotic, chaotic transition is repeated. The transient‐chaotic associative network (TCAN) that Lee proposed changes from the state of chaos to the state of stability (nonchaos) transiently. Additionally, it has fast recollection speed, and has large memory capacity. However, the states of TCAN do not change chaotically. Based on these results, this paper proposes a transient chaotic associative memory model with a temporary stay function (TCAMMwithTSF) which has two capabilities: one is fast speed as the states of the model converge to a stored pattern, like TCAN, and the other is the ability to search the stored pattern in a pattern space chaotically, like chaotic neural networks. Finally, the characteristics and usefulness of TCAMMwithTSF are verified by a simulation study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(2): 29–36, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21077
Feedforward compensation by specified step settling considering frequency shaping of control input
Authors: Hirose Noriaki , Kawafuku Motohiro , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a novel feedforward compensation for the fast and precise positioning control in mechatronic systems. The proposed compensator is designed considering the frequency shaping in control input to suppress the residual vibration, under the constraint of a specified number of steps in position reference. A two‐degree‐of‐freedom positioning controller with the proposed feedforward compensation can ensure the required settling performance with the specified number of steps regardless of the positioning amplitude in reference. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype of galvano scanner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(2): 54–62, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21084
Effect of increased charring on the narrow side of rectangular timber cross‐sections exposed to fire on three or four sides
Authors: Frangi Andrea , König Jürgen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOwing to the influence of two‐dimensional heat transfer, fire tests and heat transfer calculations show that charring on the narrow side of rectangular timber cross‐sections may be considerably greater than charring on the wide side. For timber members unprotected throughout the time of fire exposure as well as members initially protected from fire exposure, it is shown by calculation, that the relationship between charring on the narrow side and time is nonlinear. In order to take into account increased charring on the narrow side of timber members a section factor ks was determined. By calculation it is shown that bending moment resistance is only insignificantly influenced by the effect of two‐dimensional heat transfer and the factor ks can therefore be neglected, making the fire design of timber members easier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essay review: Writing about geology
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGeologists need to write and publish, but completing a Ph.D. is not the same as taking a writing course for academic authors. Writing for publication is a core academic task; only when a discovery has been published does it enter the consciousness of geology. But a geologist must learn how to write by practice. Writing about Archaeology by Graham Connah examines the basics of academic authorship in terms that are broadly applicable to geology, too. Good authors in geology are made, not born. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of hillslope topography on runoff response in a small catchment in the Fudoji Experimental Watershed, central Japan
Authors: Fujimoto Masamitsu , Ohte Nobuhito , Tani Makoto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe investigated the role of different hillslope units with different topographic characteristics on runoff generation processes based on field observations at two types of hillslopes (0·1 ha): a valley‐head (a convergent hillslope) and a side slope (a planar hillslope), as well as at three small catchments having two types of slopes with different drainage areas ranging from 1·9 to 49·7 ha in the Tanakami Mountains, central Japan. We found that the contribution of the hillslope unit type to small catchment runoff varied with the magnitude of rainfall. When the total amount of rainfall for a single storm event was < 35 mm, runoff in the small catchment was predominantly generated from the side slope. As the amount of rainfall increased (>35 mm), the valley‐head also began to contribute to the catchment runoff, adding to runoff from the side slope. Although the direct runoff from the valley‐head was greater than that from the side slope, the contribution from the side slope was quantitatively greater than that from the valley‐head due to the proportionally larger area occupied by the side slope in the small catchment. The storm runoff responses of the small catchments reflected the change in the runoff components of each hillslope unit as the amount of rainfall increased and rainfall patterns changed. However, similar runoff responses were found for the small catchments with different areas. The similarity of the runoff responses is attributable to overlay effects of different hillslope units and the similar composition ratios of the valley‐head and side slope in the catchments. This study suggests that the relative roles of the valley‐head and side slope are important in runoff generation and solute transport as the catchment size increases from a hillslope/headwater to a small catchment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a three‐dimensional watershed modelling system for water cycle in the middle part of the Heihe rivershed, in the west of China
Authors: Zhou Jian , Hu Bill X. , Cheng Guodong , Wang Genxu , Li Xin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA three‐dimensional numerical modelling system is developed to study transformation processes of water resources in alluvial fan and river basin along the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China, an arid and semi‐arid region. Integrating land utilization, remote sensing and geographic information systems, we have developed a numerical modelling system that can be used to quantify the effects of land use and anthropogenic activities on the groundwater system as well as to investigate the interaction between surface water and groundwater. Various hydraulic measurements are used to identify and calibrate the hydraulic boundary conditions and spatial distributions of hydraulic parameters. In the modelling study, various water exchanges and human effects on the watershed system are considered. These include water exchange between surface water and groundwater, groundwater pumping, lateral water recharges from mountain areas, land utilization, and infiltration and evaporation in the irrigation and non‐irrigation areas. The modelling system provides a quantitative method to describe spatial and temporal distributions and transformations between various water resources, and it has application to other watersheds in arid and semi‐arid areas. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Panday and Huyakorn surface–subsurface hydrology test case: analysis of internal flow dynamics
Authors: Gaukroger Amy M. , Werner Adrian D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA number of previous studies using models of integrated surface‐subsurface hydrology have adopted the Panday and Huyakorn (P&H) tilted V‐catchment test case (Panday S, Huyakorn PS. 2004. A fully coupled spatially distributed model for evaluating surface/subsurface flow. Advances in Water Resources 27: 361–382) to show inter‐code comparability. The P&H test case is used to evaluate models that simulate a broad range of hydrological processes, and yet only the catchment outflow hydrograph has been presented as verification of the consistency between codes. Therefore, a more comprehensive evaluation of the surface‐subsurface hydrology of the P&H case is needed. This study explores the internal catchment functioning of the P&H case, using the popular catchment simulator MODHMS. The processes leading to streamflow generation in the model are illustrated, including separation of overland flow (OLF) and groundwater discharge to the stream. The results identify non‐physical flow processes due to the problem set‐up, and modifications to the P&H case are suggested that include changes to stream roughness and incision of the stream channel to overcome these shortcomings. A modified P&H case produced more plausible transfers between OLF and the stream, and an increased groundwater discharge to the stream (6·5% of streamflow in the modified case compared to 0·5% in the original case). Despite changes to internal flow processes, near‐identical outflow hydrographs were obtained, showing the importance of considering and comparing internal flow processes when using surface‐subsurface hydrology test cases to evaluate integrated hydrological simulators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A complementary relationship evaporation model referring to the Granger model and the advection–aridity model
Authors: Han Songjun , Hu Heping , Yang Dawen , Tian Fuqiang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA complementary relationship evaporation model has been proposed and verified based on evaluations of the advection–aridity model and the Granger's complementary relationship model (Granger model) in dimensionless forms. Normalized by Penman potential evaporation, the Granger model and the advection–aridity model have been transformed into similar dimensionless forms. Evaporation ratio (ratio of actual evaporation to Penman potential evaporation) has been expressed as a function of dimensionless variable based on radiation and atmospheric conditions. Similar dimensionless variables for the different functions have been used in the two models. By referring to the dimensionless variable from the advection–aridity model and the function from the Granger model, a new model to estimate actual evaporation was proposed. The performance of the new model has been validated by the observed data from four sites under different land covers. The new model is an enhanced Granger model with better evaporation prediction over the aforementioned different land covers. It also offers more stable optimized parameters in a grassland site than the Granger model. The new model somewhat approximates the advection–aridity model under neither too wet nor too dry conditions, but without its system bias. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on runoff from the Laohahe basin in northern China using three different methods
Authors: Jiang Shanhu , Ren Liliang , Yong Bin , Singh V. P. , Yang Xiaoli , Yuan Fei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMuch attention has recently been focused on the effects that climate variability and human activities have had on runoff. In this study, these effects are quantified using three methods, namely, multi‐regression, hydrologic sensitivity analysis, and hydrologic model simulation. A conceptual framework is defined to separate the effects. As an example, the change in annual runoff from the semiarid Laohahe basin (18 112 km2) in northern China was investigated. Non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test, Pettitt test, and precipitation‐runoff double cumulative curve method were adopted to identify the trends and change‐points in the annual runoff from 1964 to 2008 by first dividing the long‐term runoff series into a natural period (1964–1979) and a human‐induced period (1980–2008). Then the three quantifying methods were calibrated and calculated, and they provided consistent estimates of the percentage change in mean annual runoff for the human‐induced period. In 1980–2008, human activities were the main factors that reduced runoff with contributions of 89–93%, while the reduction percentages due to changes in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration only ranged from 7 to 11%. For the various effects at different durations, human activities were the main reasons runoff decreased during the two drier periods of 1980–1989 and 2000–2008. Increased runoff during the wetter period of 1990–1999 is mainly attributed to climate variability. This study quantitatively separates the effects of climate variability and human activities on runoff, which can serve as a reference for regional water resources assessment and management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarizable protein packing
Authors: Ng Albert H. , Snow Christopher D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo incorporate protein polarization effects within a protein combinatorial optimization framework, we decompose the polarizable force field AMOEBA into low order terms. Including terms up to the third‐order provides a fair approximation to the full energy while maintaining tractability. We represent the polarizable packing problem for protein G as a hypergraph and solve for optimal rotamers with the FASTER combinatorial optimization algorithm. These approximate energy models can be improved to high accuracy [root mean square deviation (rmsd) < 1 kJ mol−1] via ridge regression. The resulting trained approximations are used to efficiently identify new, low‐energy solutions. The approach is general and should allow combinatorial optimization of other many‐body problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Theoretical mechanistic study on the reaction of CN radical with HNCN
Authors: Wu Nan‐Nan , He Chao‐Zheng , Duan Xue‐Mei , Liu Jing‐Yao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mechanism for the reaction of the cyanogen radical (CN) with the cyanomidyl radical (HNCN) has been investigated theoretically. The electronic structure information of the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces (PESs) is obtained at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df,2p) level, and the single‐point energies are refined at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df,2p) level as well as by multilevel MCG3‐MPWB method. The calculations show that the C atom of CN additions to middle‐ and end‐N atoms of HNCN are two barrierless association processes leading to the energy‐rich intermediates IM1 HN(CN)CN and IM2 HNCNCN, respectively, on the singlet PES. The higher barriers of the subsequent isomerization and dissociation channels from IM1 and IM2 indicate that these two intermediates, which have considerably thermodynamic and kinetic stability, are the dominant product at high pressure. While at low pressure, the most favorable product is P2H + NCNCN, which will be formed from both IM1 and IM2 via direct dissociation processes by the H‐N bond rupture, and the secondary feasible product is P4HCN +1NCN, while P5HCCN + N2and P6HCNC + N2are the least competitive products. On the triplet PES, P14NCNC + HN may be a comparable competitive product at high temperature. In addition, the comparison between the mechanisms of the CN + HNCN and OH + HNCN reactions is made. The present results will enrich our understanding of the chemistry of the HNCN radical in combustion processes and interstellar space. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Post traumatic myositis ossificans: Sonographic findings
Authors: Abate Michele , Salini Vincenzo , Rimondi Eugenio , Errani Costantino , Alberghini Marco , Mercuri Mario , Pelotti Patrizia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurpose.The aim of this paper is to describe the sonographic (US) features of post traumatic myositis ossificans (PTMO).Methods.Fifteen patients with histopathological diagnosis of PTMO were included. The following US parameters were evaluated: presence of a mass, calcifications, power Doppler signals, and relationship with adjacent structures.Results.Five patients (33.3%) were diagnosed as early PTMO and 10 (66.6%) as mature PTMO. In both early and mature PTMO, US showed an oval hypoechoic mass, without infiltrative borders, located in a muscular belly. In the early phase, a center of less echogenicity was observed, associated with an outer sheet‐like hyperechoic peripheral rim, while, in the mature phase, peripheral calcification created more reflections and distal acoustic shadowing was observed.Conclusions.US is highly sensitive in the detection of PTMO, helps differentiate between PTMO and malignant soft tissue tumors, and can be used for follow‐up of the lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Studying disulfide bond rearrangement by MALDI‐RTOF PSD and MALDI‐TOF/RTOF high‐energy CID (20 keV) experiments of peptides derived from ammodytoxins
Authors: Brgles Marija , Kurtović Tihana , Halassy Beata , Allmaier Günter , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmmodytoxins (Atxs) are presynaptically neurotoxic phospholipases present in Vipera ammodytes ammodytes snake venom. Atxs show a high sequence homology and contain 14 cysteines which form seven biologically relevant disulfide bridges—connecting non‐neighboring cysteines. Formic acid cleavage was performed to confirm protein sequences by MALDI RTOF MS and resulted in 95.6% sequence coverage exhibiting only few formylations. Cysteine‐containing peptides showed adjacent signals 2 and/or 4 Da lower (according to the number of cysteines present in the peptide) than the theoretical molecular weight indicating disulfide bridge rearrangement. Post‐source decay (PSD) and high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) at 20 keV experiments showed fragmentation pattern unique for the reduced, thiol group containing and the oxidized, disulfide bridge harboring peptides. Besides typical low‐energy fragment ions observed during PSD experiments (a‐, b‐, y‐type ions), additional high‐energy fragment ions (c‐, x‐, w‐, d‐type and internal fragments) of significant intensity were generated during fragmentation at 20 keV. In the case of charge directing N‐ and C‐termini, x‐ and w‐type ions were also observed during PSD. Good and up to complete sequence coverage was achieved for all studied peptides from Atxs in the case of high‐energy CID, whereas PSD lacked information particularly for larger peptides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.