bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membranwirkung von Verbunddecken bei Brand – Stand der Technik
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Schaumann Peter , Stadler Martin , Schaumann Peter , Sothmann Jörg 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVerbunddecken zeigen im Brandfall durch die Ausbildung einer Membranwirkung ein äußerst gutmütiges Tragverhalten. Nach derzeit geltenden Vorschriften in Deutschland kann dieses Tragverhalten jedoch nicht ohne weiteres berücksichtigt werden. Alle Stahlträger solcher Decken müssen gegen Brandeinwirkung geschützt werden, obwohl dies für die Lastabtragung im Brandfall oft nicht notwendig ist. In Großbritannien wird die Membranwirkung von Verbunddecken im Brand mit dem Verfahren nach Bailey bereits genutzt. Der von Bailey vorgestellte ingenieurmäßige Ansatz stellt ein praktikables Verfahren dar, das sehr gut auch für einfache Bauwerke angewendet werden kann, bei denen ein hoher Rechenaufwand unwirtschaftlich wäre. Um das Verfahren auch in Deutschland anwenden zu können, bedarf es jedoch noch einiger eingehender Untersuchungen.Membrane action of composite slabs in fire – State of the art. Composite slabs exposed to fire can support loads considerably greater than those calculated using classical design procedures. This is due to the change of the load carrying mechanism from flexural bending at ambient temperature to tensile membrane action in fire. However, this mechanism cannot be simply adopted in the Germany design rules. According to the building regulations all the steel beams have to be protected against fire although it is often not necessary in order to support the loads. In Great Britain tensile membrane action is already used with a design method developed by Bailey. It is a practicable method especially for simple constructions where high calculation effort is uneconomical. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to adopt the method in Germany.
Spatio‐temporal analysis and modeling of short‐term wind power forecast errors
Authors: Tastu Julija , Pinson Pierre , Kotwa Ewelina , Madsen Henrik , Nielsen Henrik Aa. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractForecasts of wind power production are increasingly being used in various management tasks. So far, such forecasts and related uncertainty information have usually been generated individually for a given site of interest (either a wind farm or a group of wind farms), without properly accounting for the spatio‐temporal dependencies observed in the wind generation field. However, it is intuitively expected that, owing to the inertia of meteorological forecasting systems, a forecast error made at a given point in space and time will be related to forecast errors at other points in space in the following period. The existence of such underlying correlation patterns is demonstrated and analyzed in this paper, considering the case‐study of western Denmark. The effects of prevailing wind speed and direction on autocorrelation and cross‐correlation patterns are thoroughly described. For a flat terrain region of small size like western Denmark, significant correlation between the various zones is observed for time delays up to 5 h. Wind direction is shown to play a crucial role, while the effect of wind speed is more complex. Nonlinear models permitting capture of the interdependence structure of wind power forecast errors are proposed, and their ability to mimic this structure is discussed. The best performing model is shown to explain 54% of the variations of the forecast errors observed for the individual forecasts used today. Even though focus is on 1‐h‐ahead forecast errors and on western Denmark only, the methodology proposed may be similarly tested on the cases of further look‐ahead times, larger areas, or more complex topographies. Such generalization may not be straightforward. While the results presented here comprise a first step only, the revealed error propagation principles may be seen as a basis for future related work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of Lithium Salts of TriphosphanestBu2P–PLi–PtBu2andtBu2P–PLi–P(NEt2)2with Metal Complexes [(R3P)2MCl2] (M= Ni, Pd, Pt,R3P = Et3P,pTol3P, Ph2EtP,iPr3P)
Authors: Wiśniewska Aleksandra , Baranowska Katarzyna , Grubba Rafał , Matern Eberhard , Pikies Jerzy 
Published: April 2010

AbstracttBu2P–PLi–PtBu2·2THF reacts with [(R3P)2MCl2] (M= Pt, Pd, Ni;R3P = Et3P,pTol3P, Ph2EtP,iPr3P) to yield isomers of [(1,2‐η‐tBu2P=P–PtBu2)M(PR3)Cl], in which thetBu2P–P–PtBu2ligand adopts the arrangement of a side‐on bonded 1,1‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphanyl)diphosphenium cation.tBu2P–PLi–P(NEt2)2·2THF reacts with [(R3P)2MCl2] but does not form complexes with atBu2P–P–P(NEt2)2moiety, however, splitting of a P–P(NEt2)2bond of the parent triphosphane takes place.
Starker Pseudo‐Jahn–Teller‐Effekt in der Struktur von pyH[MnF2(C2O4)(H2O)2]
Authors: Leo Roland , Massa Werner 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe first crystal structure of an oxalato‐fluoromanganate(III) was determined for pyH[MnF2(C2O4)(H2O)2]: monoclinic, space group I2/a, Z = 4, a = 7.2260(5), b = 15.2398(8), c = 9.916(7) Å, β = 98.22(5)°, R = 0.0297. The pyridinium salt crystallized from hydrofluoric acid solution at low temperature and in the dark. The structure of the anion shows octahedral coordination of MnIII with cis‐position of the fluorine ligands opposite to the bidentate bonded oxalate anion, and remarkable elongation of the H2O–Mn–OH2 axis due to a strong pseudo‐Jahn–Teller effect. The pyridinium cation is fixed to the oxalate anion by a bifurcated hydrogen bond. The anions are linked by strong hydrogen bonds O–H···F and O–H···O to form a 3D network.
Normalization of 2‐Week Postoperative Parathyroid Hormone Values in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Four‐Gland Exploration Compared to Focused‐Approach Surgery
Authors: Mazzaglia Peter J. , Milas Mira , Berber Eren , Siperstein Alan , Monchik Jack M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundElevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is commonly seen in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) who have undergone parathyroidectomy. This study evaluates differences in 2‐week postoperative PTH levels in patients having focused‐approach surgery versus four‐gland exploration.MethodsOver 6 years, patients at Rhode Island Hospital (RIH) and the Cleveland Clinic (CCF) who had PHPT and underwent localization studies suggestive of single adenoma were analyzed. At RIH patients underwent focused‐approach surgery, and at CCF routine four‐gland exploration was performed. Postoperative calcium supplementation was routine at RIH and selective at CCF.ResultsThere were 308 patients at RIH and 370 at CCF. They were similar in age (59.2 ± 13.0 years at RIH and 60.4 ± 12.9 years at CCF), and sex (76.9 and 80.0% female at RIH and CCF, respectively). The mean preoperative serum calcium measured 10.9 ± 0.7 mg/dl at RIH and 11.1 ± 0.7 mg/dl at CCF (P < 0.001). Preoperative PTH values were similar, measuring 143.8 ± 104.8 pg/ml in the focused‐approach group (RIH) and 157.6 ± 150.3 pg/ml in the four‐gland exploration group (CCF). Preoperative 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D‐25) levels were 24.1 ± 12.0 ng/ml at RIH and 27.4 ± 10.6 ng/ml at CCF; and the prevalence of vitamin D‐25 deficiency (level <20 ng/ml) was 43.9% at RIH and 27% at CCF (P = 0.017). The proportion of patients whose intraoperative PTH value dropped by ≥50% prior to completion of surgery was 95.0% at RIH and 95.5% at CCF. The total gland weight resected per patient was 942 mg at RIH versus 1,394 mg at CCF (P = 0.003). The 2‐week postoperative serum PTH was >65 pg/ml in 18.8% at RIH and in 38.7% at CCF (P < 0.001). The 2‐week postoperative serum calcium values dropped to 9.2 ± 0.6 mg/dl at RIH and to 9.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl at CCF (P < 0.001). The incidence of multigland disease was 5.8% at RIH and 21.9% at CCF (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsAmong patients with PHPT who underwent a localizing study indicating unilateral disease, a significant proportion had eucalcemic PTH elevation 2 weeks after parathyroidectomy. The elevation was more frequent in the four‐gland exploration group and correlated most strongly with greater adenoma mass.
Comparison of Surgical Care Deficiencies between US Civil War Hospitals and Present‐Day Hospitals in Sierra Leone
Authors: Crompton Joseph , Kingham T. Peter , Kamara T. B. , Brennan Murray F. , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is rapidly becoming a part of public health initiatives in developing countries.MethodsIn collaboration with the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, a team of local surgeons and surgeons from the organization Surgeons OverSeas (SOS) used the WHO Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency Surgical Care to quantify surgical capacity in Sierra Leone. These data were then compared to data collected from the Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War, a work documenting surgical care and hospitals during the US Civil War.ResultsThere are 0.2 government hospital surgeons/100,000 people in Sierra Leone compared to 300 surgeons/100,000 soldiers in the Union Army. In Sierra Leone it is rare to have running water, fuel, anesthesia, and reliable X‐rays. In comparison, US Civil War hospitals had reliable running water, fuel, and anesthesia. It is rare to manage open fractures, limb dislocations, amputations, and conditions requiring chest tubes in Sierra Leone, while these procedures were commonly employed in US Civil War hospitals.ConclusionsGovernment hospitals in present day Sierra Leone lack the infrastructure, personnel, supplies, and equipment to adequately provide emergency and essential surgical care. In a comparison of present day Sierra Leonean and US Civil War hospitals, the US Civil War facilities are equivalent and in many ways superior. It is hoped that such a comparison will aid advocacy efforts so that greater resources are devoted to improving emergency and essential surgical care in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: The Utility of ioPTH Monitoring
Authors: Pitt Susan C. , Panneerselvan Rajarajan , Chen Herbert , Sippel Rebecca S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring in patients with secondary (2) and tertiary (3) hyperparathyroidism (HPT).Materials and methodsWe identified 105 patients with 2HPT (n = 33) and 3HPT (n = 72) who underwent ioPTH monitoring during parathyroidectomy. Data are reported as mean ± SEM.ResultsThe 2HPT patients underwent 17 subtotal, 10 total, and 6 re‐exploratory parathyroidectomies, whereas the 3HPT patients underwent 54 subtotal, 15 limited, and 3 re‐exploratory parathyroidectomies. The percent decrease from the baseline ioPTH level at 5, 10, and 15 min after parathyroid resection, respectively, were 72% ± 3%, 76% ± 3%, and 76% ± 3% in patients with 2HPT, and 52% ± 6%, 60% ± 4%, and 69% ± 4% in patients with 3HPT. IoPTH levels failed to drop >50% from baseline in 5 patients (2HPT: n = 2, 3HPT: n = 3) who were normocalcemic at last follow‐up. IoPTH did not alter the surgical approach in any 2HPT patients, but did alter management in 25% of 3HPT patients (15 limited resections and 3 supernumerary glands). Normocalcemia was achieved in 97% of 2HPT patients and 99% of 3HPT patients; 2 patients developed recurrent disease.ConclusionsIntraoperative PTH levels fell by >50% in nearly 95% of patients with 2HPT and 3HPT, and the PTH level reliably predicted postoperative cure. Although the use of ioPTH did not alter surgical management in any patient with 2HPT, this rapid PTH assay affected the surgical care of a quarter of the patients with 3HPT, and it may prove to be a useful adjunct in this group of patients.
Germ-line variation at a functional p53 binding site increases susceptibility to breast cancer development
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Desai Kartiki Vasant , Li Yuqing , Banu Shakeela , Lee Yew Kok , Qu Dianbo , Heikkinen Tuomas , Aaltonen Kirsimari , Muranen Taru A. , Kajiji Tasneem Shabbir , Bonnard Carine , Aittomäki Kristiina , von Smitten Karl , Blomqvist Carl , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. , Brauch Hiltrud ,   The GENICA Consortium, Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Beesley Jonathan , Spurdle Amanda B. , Chen Xiaoqing ,   Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Czene Kamila , Hall Per , Nevanlinna Heli , Liu Edison T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest regulatory variation to play an important role in phenotypic evolution and disease development, but few regulatory polymorphisms have been characterized genetically and molecularly. Recent technological advances have made it possible to identify bona fide regulatory sequences experimentally on a genome-wide scale and opened the window for the biological interrogation of germ-line polymorphisms within these sequences. In this study, through a forward genetic analysis of bona fide p53 binding sites identified by a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequence analysis, we discovered a SNP (rs1860746) within the motif sequence of a p53 binding site where p53 can function as a regulator of transcription. We found that the minor allele (T) binds p53 poorly and has low transcriptional regulation activity as compared to the major allele (G). Significantly, the homozygosity of the minor allele was found to be associated with an increased risk of ER negative breast cancer (OR = 1.47, P = 0.038) from the analysis of five independent breast cancer samples of European origin consisting of 6,127 breast cancer patients and 5,197 controls. rs1860746 resides in the third intron of the PRKAG2 gene that encodes the γ subunit of the AMPK protein, a major sensor of metabolic stress and a modulator of p53 action. However, this gene does not appear to be regulated by p53 in lymphoblastoid cell lines nor in a cancer cell line. These results suggest that either the rs1860746 locus regulates another gene through distant interactions, or that this locus is in linkage disequilibrium with a second causal mutation. This study shows the feasibility of using genomic scale molecular data to uncover disease associated SNPs, but underscores the complexity of determining the function of regulatory variants in human populations.
Self‐reported pain interference and symptoms of anxiety and depression in community‐dwelling older adults: Can a temporal relationship be determined?
Authors: Arola Heidi‐Maria , Nicholls Elaine , Mallen Christian , Thomas Elaine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPain and symptoms of depression and anxiety have been observed to co‐exist in the community‐dwelling elderly. While depression and pain have been suggested to be predictive of one another temporally, the longitudinal associations between anxiety and pain remain undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the reciprocal longitudinal associations of self‐reported pain interference and affective symptoms, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in community‐dwelling older adults and report the potentially modifying effect of co‐morbid anxiety or depression on these relationships. The study population were adults aged over 50‐years, recruited previously to the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis project (NorStOP), who had returned a health survey at both baseline and 3‐year follow‐up (n = 4234). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the pain–affect associations, with associations expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Probable depression (odds ratio = 2.42; 95% CI 1.24, 4.69) and anxiety (2.30; 1.67, 3.17) at baseline predicted new‐onset pain interference at 3‐year follow‐up. Conversely, pain interference at baseline was a risk factor for developing possible or probable depression (2.47; 1.96, 3.11) and anxiety (2.02; 1.60, 2.55) at 3‐year follow‐up. Adjusting for age, gender and co‐morbid anxiety or depression slightly reduced the strength of the relationships, though most remained statistically significant. In conclusion, we have found evidence for both pain–depression and pain–anxiety relationships longitudinally, and in a reciprocal manner. Such findings have important implications for the future management of primary care patients presenting with symptoms of pain, anxiety or depression.
In vitro gas production of leaves from fodder trees and shrubs from mid-hills of Nepal using cow, sheep and goat rumen liquor
Authors: DEGEN A. A. , KAM M. , PANDEY S. B. , UPRETI C. R. , EL-MECCAWI S. , OSTI N. P. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYIn vitro gas production (GP) of substrate incubated with cow rumen liquor is commonly used to evaluate feed nutritional quality; GP is correlated with organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content. The hypothesis tested was that GP differs among liquors of ruminant species and is dependent on the natural dietary intake of the donors. Measurements were of 24 h GP of seven browse species using rumen liquor from a large (cow) and small (sheep) grazer and from a small intermediate feeder (goat). Mean GP for browse with goat liquor (7±2·4 ml per 200 mg substrate) was significantly (P=0·019) higher than that with cow liquor (5±1·9 ml), and GP with sheep liquor (6±1·1 ml) was intermediate, not significantly different from the cow liquor (P=0·197) and the goat liquor (P=0·061). There was a significant correlation in the ranking of the browses between goat and sheep (P=0·013) liquor using a Mantel test with 9999 permutations, which indicated a similar ranking of browses when using rumen liquor of either of these small ruminants. There were trends between both cow and sheep (P=0·096) and cow and goat (P=0·092) liquors. It was concluded that the dietary habits of ruminant species donors may affect in vitro nutritional studies when using rumen liquor.
Schistosomes of small mammals from the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: new species, familiar species, and implications for schistosomiasis control
Authors: HANELT B. , MWANGI I. N. , KINUTHIA J. M. , MAINA G. M. , AGOLA L. E. , MUTUKU M. W. , STEINAUER M. L. , AGWANDA B. R. , KIGO L. , MUNGAI B. N. , LOKER E. S. , MKOJI G. M. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYRecent schistosomiasis control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have focused nearly exclusively on treatment of humans with praziquantel. However, the extent to which wild mammals act as reservoirs forSchistosoma mansoniand therefore as sources of renewed transmission following control efforts is poorly understood. With the objective to study the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts, 480 animals belonging to 9 rodent and 1 insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in Kisumu, in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Animals were collected from 2 sites: near the lakeshore and from Nyabera Marsh draining into the lake. A total of 6·0% of the animals captured, including 5 murid rodent species and 1 species of shrew (Crocidura olivieri) were infected with schistosomes. Four schistosome species were recovered and identified usingcox1 DNA barcoding:S. mansoni,S. bovis,S. rodhainiandS. kisumuensis, the latter of which was recently described from Nyabera Marsh.Schistosoma mansoniandS. rodhainiwere found infecting the same host individual (Lophuromys flavopunctatus), suggesting that this host species could be responsible for the production of hybrid schistosomes found in the area. Although the prevalence ofS. mansoniinfection in these reservoir populations was low (1·5%), given their potentially vast population size, their impact on transmission needs further study. Reservoir hosts could perpetuate snail infections and favour renewed transmission to humans once control programmes have ceased.
Genotype and subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from calves and lambs in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: DÍAZ PABLO , QUÍLEZ JOAQUÍN , CHALMERS RACHEL M. , PANADERO ROSARIO , LÓPEZ CEFERINO , SÁNCHEZ-ACEDO CARIDAD , MORRONDO PATROCINIO , DÍEZ-BAÑOS PABLO 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYFaecal specimens from diarrhoeic pre-weaned calves (n=61) and lambs (n=127) collected over a 1-year period (2008–2009) at 27 cattle and 28 sheep farms in Galicia (NW Spain) were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and positive specimens were selected for molecular examination. Overall, 30 calves (49·2%) and 39 lambs (30·7%) tested positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy. PCR products of the SSU rRNA locus were obtained for 27 Cryptosporidium positive calf isolates and 23 lamb isolates. Restriction analyses generated profiles of C. parvum in all isolates except for 9 lamb specimens from 5 farms that yielded banding patterns and sequences indicative of the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (GP60) gene revealed that all but 1 C. parvum isolate from calves belonged to the subtype IIaA15G2R1 and 1 isolate was identified as the novel subtype IIaA13G1R1. Two different subtypes were identified in sheep flocks including IIaA16G3R1, which was seen in 7 lamb isolates from a single farm and subtype IIaA15G2R1, identified in 3 isolates from 2 farms. These findings suggest a limited genetic diversity within C. parvum in ruminant livestock from this geographical area, although both calves and lambs should be considered as a reservoir for zoonotic subtypes.
Emerging trends in the diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis
Authors: RADWANSKA MAGDALENA 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is caused by protozoan parasitesTrypanosoma brucei gambienseandT. b. rhodesiense. Despite the enormous technological progress in molecular parasitology in recent years, the diagnosis of HAT is still problematic due to the lack of specific tools. To date, there are two realities when it comes to HAT; the first one being the world of modern experimental laboratories, equipped with the latest state-of-the-art technology, and the second being the world of HAT diagnosis, where the latest semi-commercial test was introduced 30 years ago (Magnuset al.1978). Hence, it appears that the lack of progress in HAT diagnosis is not primarily due to a lack of scientific interest or a lack of research funds, but mainly results from the many obstacles encountered in the translation of basic research into field-applicable diagnostics. This review will provide an overview of current diagnostic methods and highlight specific difficulties in solving the shortcomings of these methods. Future perspectives for accurate, robust, affordable diagnostics will be discussed as well.
Relativistic self-distortion of a laser pulse and ponderomotive acceleration of electrons in an axially inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Singh Rohtash , Sharma A.K. , Tripathi V.K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRelativistic self distortion of a Gaussian laser pulse in inhomogeneous plasma in one dimension is investigated. The relativistic mass effect causes different portions of the pulse to travel with different group velocities leading to the steepening of the pulse front and broadening of the rear. This asymmetry created in the pulse shape gives rise to stronger ponderomotive force on electrons at the front and weaker at the rear. The fast moving electrons under this force are shown to have very significant net energy gain. The energy gain increases with the density scale-length and then saturates.