bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Highly Selective Aqueous Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides at Room Temperature Catalysed by Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on SBA‐15
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Naserian Sareh , Primo Ana , Luque Rafael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe present manuscript describes a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly room temperature aqueous catalytic approach to the selective preparation of sulfoxides from sulfides utilising low‐loaded supported iron oxide nanoparticles and aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Materials could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused ten times without any loss in activity and no metal leaching was observed during the reaction. This is thus the first selective aqueous oxidation of sulfides using an iron‐based heterogeneous system.
Using checklists in a gross anatomy laboratory improves learning outcomes and dissection quality
Authors: Hofer Ryan Engebretson , Brant Nikolaus O. , Pawlina Wojciech 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChecklists have been widely used in the aviation industry ever since aircraft operations became more complex than any single pilot could reasonably remember. More recently, checklists have found their way into medicine, where cognitive function can be compromised by stress and fatigue. The use of checklists in medical education has rarely been reported, especially in the basic sciences. We explored whether the use of a checklist in the gross anatomy laboratory would improve learning outcomes, dissection quality, and students' satisfaction in the first‐year Human Structure didactic block at Mayo Medical School. During the second half of a seven‐week anatomy course, dissection teams were each day given a hardcopy checklist of the structures to be identified during that day's dissection. The first half of the course was considered the control, as students did not receive any checklists to utilize during dissection. The measured outcomes were scored on four practice practical examinations and four dissection quality assessments, two each from the first half (control) and second half of the course. A student satisfaction survey was distributed at the end of the course. Examination and dissection scores were analyzed for correlations between practice practical examination score and checklist use. Our data suggest that a daily hardcopy list of anatomical structures for active use in the gross anatomy laboratory increases practice practical examination scores and dissection quality. Students recommend the use of these checklists in future anatomy courses. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists
Developing observational skills and knowledge of anatomical relationships in an art and anatomy workshop using plastinated specimens
Authors: Moore Charleen M. , Lowe Constance , Lawrence Jane , Borchers Penelope 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOne of the strong trends in medical education today is the integration of the humanities into the basic medical curriculum. The anatomy program is an obvious choice for using the humanities to develop professionalism and ethical values. They can also be used to develop close observational skills. Many medical schools have developed formal art observation training in conjunction with nearby art museums to enhance the visual diagnostic skills of their medical students. We report here on an art and anatomy workshop that paired medical and art students who did drawing exercises from plastinated anatomical specimens and the animated face to hone observational skills. Each member of the pair brought a different perspective and expertise to the work that allowed each to be a mentor to the other. The workshop had three sessions: the first involved drawings of plastinated specimens that allowed an intimate experience with authentic human material; the second involved drawings of the human face; and the third included examination of anatomical texts of important anatomist‐artists, a lecture on contemporary artists whose work involves anatomy, and a film demonstrating the facial muscles. We propose workshops such as these will help students increase their ability to detect details. This will assist the medical student in developing diagnostic skills for identifying disease and the art student in using the human body as subject. We further propose that these programs will help students develop humanistic sensitivities and provide an outlet for expression of the emotional aspects of dealing with disease and mortality. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
The diverse utility of wet prosections and plastinated specimens in teaching gross anatomy in New Zealand
Authors: Cornwall Jon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAnatomical education has traditionally used cadaveric material to study the human body, with both wet prosections and plastinated (PP) material commonly utilized. However, the frequency of use of these different preparation modes in a tertiary institution has not been previously examined. An audit of PP use in the Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology at the University of Otago was performed for 2009, assessing the number of courses, variety, and number of PP used throughout 2009. Results indicate the unique and diverse nature of PP utilization and are discussed with reference to their relative strengths and weaknesses. Such information is useful to those wishing to initiate or maintain programs that involve the teaching of human anatomy with cadaveric material. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Unusual complication of pacemaker implantation/revision: Secondary endocarditis due to fracture and embolization of an introducer sheath
Authors: South Harry , Bains Jujhar , Hirsh Jeffrey 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report a 48‐year‐old male with a rare complication of pacemaker revision—fracture, migration, and secondary endocarditis due to a venous introducer sheath. We illustrate the possible mechanism of injury and discuss approaches to management. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinguishing Carbones from Allenes by Complexation to AuCl
Authors: Esterhuysen Catharine , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2011

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations have been performed for the dicoordinated carbon compounds C(PPh3)2, C(NHCMe)2, R2CC=CR2(R=H, F, NMe2), C3O2, C(CN)2−and N‐methyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHCMe). The geometries of the complexes in which the dicoordinated carbon molecules bind as ligands to one and two AuCl moieties have been optimized and the strength and nature of the metal–ligand interactions in the mono‐ and diaurated complexes were investigated by means of energy decomposition analysis. The goal of the study is to elucidate the differences in the chemical behavior between carbones, allenes and carbenes. The results show that carbones bind one and two AuCl species in η1fashion, whereas allenes bind them in η2fashion. Compounds with latent divalent carbon(0) character can coordinate in more than one way, with the dominant mode indicating the degree of carbone or allene character. The calculated structures of the mono‐ and diaurated tetraaminoallenes (TAAs) reveal that TAAs exhibit a chameleon‐like behavior: The bonding situation in the equilibrium structure is best described as allene [(R2N)2]CCC[(NR2)2] in which the central carbon atom is a tetravalent CIVspecies, but the reactivity suggests that TAAs should be considered as divalent C0compounds C{C[(NR2)2]}2, that is, as “hidden” carbones. Carbon suboxide binds one AuCl preferentially in the η1mode, whereas the equilibrium structures of the η1‐ and η2‐bonded diaurated complex are energetically nearly degenerate. The doubly negatively charged isoelectronic carbone C(CN)22−binds one and two AuCl very strongly in characteristic η1fashion. The N‐heterocyclic carbene complex, [NHCMe(AuCl)], possesses a high bond dissociation energy (BDE) for the splitting off of AuCl. The diaurated NHC adduct, [NHCMe(AuCl)2], has two η1‐bonded AuCl moieties that exhibit aurophilic attraction, which yield a moderate bond strength that might be large enough for synthesizing the complex. The BDE for the second AuCl in [NHCMe(AuCl)2] is clearly smaller than the values for the second AuCl in doubly aurated carbone complexes.
Electrochemical Conversion of Copper‐Based Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures to Copper Metal Nanoparticles and Their Testing in Nitrate Sensing
Authors: Andreoli Enrico , Annibaldi Valeria , Rooney Denise A. , Liao Kang‐Shyang , Alley Nigel J. , Curran Seamus A. , Breslin Carmel B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMetallic copper nanoparticles (CuNP) are formed from the reduction of hierarchical copper‐based micro/nanostructures previously electrodeposited on polypyrrole‐polystyrene sulfonate (PPy‐PSS) thin films. The application of a high reduction potential causes the erosion of the micro/nanostructures nanosheets and the formation of CuNP. The CuNP are used in a series of preliminary tests in order to assess their performance in the sensing of nitrate. The sensing performance is improved with the introduction of polyethyleneimine‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT‐PEI) to the PPy‐PSS films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies show that the nanotubes increased the electronic conductivity of the reduced films. The limit of detection of the PPy‐PSS‐MWNT‐PEI‐CuNP nanocomposite is 30 µM nitrate. The materials need further development and optimization work in order to be applied as sensors.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensor Based on a Self‐Assembled Monolayer of Ruthenium(II)‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)(aminopropyl imidazole) on Gold Deposited Screen Printed Electrode
Authors: Kang Chang Hoon , Choi Young‐Bong , Kim Hyug‐Han , Choi Han Nim , Lee Won‐Yong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of Ru(II)‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)(aminopropyl imidazole) on a gold‐deposited screen printed electrode (SPE) has been developed. Since the ECL emission of the Ru(II)‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)(aminopropyl imidazole) complex can be easily obtained at an applied potential of less than +0.8 V, the possibility of the oxidation of the Ru‐complex SAM formed on gold‐deposited SPE electrode surface was greatly diminished and thus the stability of the resulting Ru‐complex SAM‐based ECL sensor was enormously enhanced compared to the previously reported Ru(bpy)32+‐derivative monolayer‐based ECL sensors with applied potentials of more than +1.0 V. In the present study, the gold deposited SPE with carbon nanotube paste was used in order to increase the amount of Ru‐complex immobilized on the electrode surface through a large surface area of deposited gold nanoparticles causing good charge transport and thus leading to the increased sensitivity of the ECL sensor. The ECL characteristics obtained with the present Ru‐complex SAM‐based ECL sensor are compared with those obtained with other Ru(bpy)32+‐SAM‐based ECL sensors.
Mesoporous amine‐bridged polysilsesquioxane for CO2 capture
Authors: Qi Genggeng , Fu Liling , Duan Xiaonan , Choi Brian Hyun , Abraham Michael , Giannelis Emmanuel P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel class of amine‐supported sorbents based on amine‐bridged mesoporous polysilsesquioxane was developed via a simple one‐pot sol‐gel process. The new sorbent allows the incorporation of a large amount of active groups without sacrificing surface area or pore volume available for CO2 capture, leading to a CO2 capture capacity of 3.2 mmol g−1 under simulated flue gas conditions. The sorbent is readily regenerated at 100°C and exhibits good stability over repetitive adsorption‐desorption cycling. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Conditional deletion of Bmpr1a in differentiated osteoclasts increases osteoblastic bone formation, increasing volume of remodeling bone in mice
Authors: Okamoto Mina , Murai Junko , Imai Yuuki , Ikegami Daisuke , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Kato Shigeaki , Mishina Yuji , Yoshikawa Hideki , Tsumaki Noriyuki 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Bone undergoes remodeling consisting of osteoclastic bone resorption followed by osteoblastic bone formation throughout life. Although the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals on osteoblasts have been studied extensively, the function of BMP signals in osteoclasts has not been fully elucidated. To delineate the function of BMP signals in osteoclasts during bone remodeling, we deleted BMP receptor type IA (Bmpr1a) in an osteoclast-specific manner using a knock-in Cre mouse line to the cathepsin K locus (CtskCre/+;Bmpr1aflox/flox, designated as Bmpr1aΔOc/ΔOc). Cre was specifically expressed in multinucleated osteoclasts in vivo. Cre-dependent deletion of the Bmpr1a gene occurred at 4 days after cultivation of bone marrow macrophages obtained from Bmpr1aΔOc/ΔOc with RANKL. These results suggested that Bmpr1a was deleted after formation of osteoclasts in Bmpr1aΔOc/ΔOc mice. Expression of bone-resorption markers increased, thus suggesting that BMPRIA signaling negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation. Trabeculae in tibia and femurs were thickened in 3.5-, 8-, and 12-week-old Bmpr1aΔOc/ΔOc mice. Bone histomorphometry revealed increased bone volume associated with increased osteoblastic bone-formation rates (BFR) in the remodeling bone of the secondary spongiosa in Bmpr1aΔOc/ΔOc tibias at 8 weeks of age. For comparison, we also induced an osteoblast-specific deletion of Bmpr1a using Col1a1-Cre. The resulting mice showed increased bone volume with marked decreases in BFR in tibias at 8 weeks of age. These results indicate that deletion of Bmpr1a in differentiated osteoclasts increases osteoblastic bone formation, thus suggesting that BMPR1A signaling in osteoclasts regulates coupling to osteoblasts by reducing bone-formation activity during bone remodeling. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Advantages of isovolemic hemodilution‐red cell exchange therapy to prevent recurrent stroke in sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Sarode Ravi , Matevosyan Karén , Rogers Zora R. , Burner James D. , Rutherford Cynthia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChronic simple hypertransfusion (every 3 to 4 weeks) effectively prevents secondary stroke in children with sickle cell anemia but leads to iron overload despite chelation therapy. Conventional red blood cell exchange (C‐RBCx) has advantages over simple transfusion: no net iron gain and less frequent hospital visits. However, C‐RBCx requires more red blood cell units, an apheresis instrument and skilled personnel; it is also more expensive. We developed a modified procedure where isovolemic hemodilution precedes RBCx (IHD‐RBCx) to decrease RBC units required and to increase the interval between procedures. Twenty patients underwent IHD‐RBCx over a period of 7 years. IHD‐RBCx required 11% fewer RBC units and increased inter‐procedure interval from 37 to 53 days compared to C‐RBCx. The median number of annual procedures decreased from 9.8 to 7.0 per patient, resulting in estimated savings of more than $4.5 million over 10 years for 20 patients while providing improved care. Five patients have discontinued chelation therapy; three while on C‐RBCx and two while on IHD‐RBCx. No adverse events occurred related to the isovolemic hemodilution phase and no patients had recurrent stroke. IHD‐RBCx is a safe, efficient, and cost effective therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with sickle cell anemia. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum amyloid‐A levels in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Eras Zeynep , Oğuz Suna , Dizdar Evrim Alyamac , Sari Fatma Nur , Dilmen Uğur 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate serum levels of serum amyloid‐A (SAA) both in the diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Forty‐five preterm neonates were enrolled in the study, including 15 infants with NEC, 15 with sepsis, and 15 healthy preterm infants. Pre‐ and posttreatment serum SAA levels were measured. Among patients with NEC, 11 had stage 1 and 4 had stage 2 disease according to the modified Bell's staging criteria. Baseline SAA levels of the infants with NEC were significantly higher than controls (P=0.013) and were significantly lower than those with sepsis (P=0.004). When infants with stage 1and stage 2 NEC were analyzed separately, baseline SAA levels of the infants with stage 2 NEC were significantly higher than controls (P=0.027) than those with stage 1 NEC (P=0.018), but similar to those with sepsis. There was a trend that baseline SAA levels were also correlated with the Bell stage (r=0.501, P=0.057). Posttreatment SAA levels significantly decreased in infants with sepsis (P=0.002). Pre‐ and posttreatment SAA levels were similar in patients with stage 1 and 2 NEC. In conclusion, SAA rises in early stages of NEC and may aid in diagnosis as a serum marker. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:233–237, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual false‐positive case of urinary screening for buprenorphine
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Romero Araelsis , Cervellin Gianfranco , Mercadanti Mariella 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBuprenorphine is a centrally acting analgesic drug that is administered for the management of opioid dependence and as an analgesic drug for the treatment of chronic pain. The growing use of this substance has determined an increased need for laboratory testing for either detection and confirmation of the illicit use or monitoring compliance as a substitution therapy for opioid dependence. We describe here the case of urinary sample adulteration with exogenous buprenorphine (6,952 ng/ml), which has led to afalse‐positive immunoassay test result (14.9 ng/ml) on a subsequent sample due to a phenomenon of instrumental carry‐over. This unusual case confirms the importance to take into account adulteration when screening urines for buprenorphine in patients undergoing substitution therapy for opioid dependence, routinely perform a confirmation assay on positive samples, and rule out instrumental carry‐over. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:244–245, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of α‐iduronidase in dried blood spots is an accurate tool for mucopolysaccharidosis I diagnosis
Authors: Müller Karen B. , Pereira Vanessa G. , Martins Ana M. , D'Almeida Vânia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is caused by a deficiency of the α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA), which leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes. MPS I patients present a spectrum ranging from a severe to an attenuated phenotype. Once clinical suspicion is present, diagnosis of MPS I can be performed by enzyme activity determination and/or molecular analysis. The aim of this study was to establish a reference interval value to IDUA activity using a dried blood spots (DBS) assay and to evaluate whether this assay could be a secure tool to diagnose MPS I patients. Results: IDUA activity range on HV DBS samples were 1.40–7.78 µmol/l blood/hr. Regarding the validation group, 11 of the 36 individuals clinically suspected of MPS I had the diagnosis confirmed by DBS and reference assay (leukocytes). When we considered the new proposed cutoff value of 1.5 µmol/l blood/hr, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were 100%. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that the determination of IDUA activity using a DBS assay is a secure tool for MPS I diagnosis. However, it is extremely important to assure that all recommendations for collection, transport, and storage are correctly followed to guarantee the quality of the samples. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:251–254, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum paraoxonase‐1 activities and oxidative status in patients with plaque‐type psoriasis with/without metabolic syndrome
Authors: Usta Murat , Turan Enver , Aral Hale , Inal Berrin Bercik , Gurel Mehmet Salih , Guvenen Guvenc 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with metabolic syndrome, which is made up of a cluster of disorders, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase‐1 activities and oxidative status parameters in patients with plaque‐type psoriasis with or without metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this study, patients with plaque‐type psoriasis with (n=25) or without (n=27) metabolic syndrome, according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), were matched for age and sex to an equally sized control group (n=25). Results: In patients without metabolic syndrome, serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities showed mean decreases of 29 and 6%, respectively, whereas in patients with metabolic syndrome, the mean decreases in the enzymes' activities were 35 and 11%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. Serum total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status were not statistically significant in any of the three groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HDL cholesterol and log‐transformed triglyceride were independent variables for serum arylesterase activity and that fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure were independent variables for serum paraoxonase activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that according to the criteria of the IDF, the significant decrease observed in serum paraoxonase activity was independent of the metabolic syndrome in patients with mild‐to‐moderate plaque‐type psoriasis, whereas the significant decrease in serum arylesterase activity was associated with the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:289–295, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutoff level to detect heterozygous alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency in Turkish population
Authors: Simsek Halis , Pinar Aslı , Altinbas Akif , Alp Alparslan , Balaban Yasemin H. , Buyukasik Yahya , Ozcebe Osman , Hascelik Gulsen , Gedikoglu Gokhan , Tatar Gonca 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder leading to the defective defence system against neutrophil elastasis in lung and accumulation of insoluble heterodimer AT molecules in hepatocytes. Knowledge of the prevalence of AT deficiency in each country is important to organize the public health policy. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of AT deficiency in Turkish population and to define the cutoff value of AT level in serum to detect heterozygous AT deficient subjects. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 1,203 healthy blood donors were used, attending the Blood Bank of Hacettepe Medical Faculty. Isoelectric focusing method for determining PIM, PIS, and PIZ alleles and rate immune nephelometry for measuring the level of AT in serum were used. Results: Out of 1,203 healthy blood donors enrolled, 1,164 (%96.8) had normal variant PI MM allelee, 9 (%0.7) PI MZ, 7 (%0.6) PI MS, 6 (%0.5) MF, and 17 (%1.4) PI M? (unidentified variants with existing standards). Most individuals (89.6%) with low AT level (cutoff <100 mg/dl) in serum were positive for PI MM allele. The cutoff value to investigate PI MZ was 100.5 mg/dl, which had PPV and NPV of 5.0 and 99.9%, respectively. AT deficiency is a rare hereditary disorder in asymptomatic healthy Turkish blood donors. Although the cutoff value of 100.5 mg/dl for AT level in serum was able to detect heterozygous AT deficiency in the healthy population, this finding should be conformed to case‐control studies. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:296–299, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.