bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of apoptosis and priming of neutrophil oxidative burst by diisopropyl fluorophosphate
Authors: Tsang Jennifer LY , Parodo Jean C , Marshall John C 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) is a serine protease inhibitor that is widely used as an inhibitor of endogenous proteases inin vitroneutrophil studies. Its effects on neutrophil function are unclear. We sought to determine the biological effects of DFP on human neutrophil apoptosis and oxidative burst.MethodsWe isolated neutrophils from healthy volunteers, incubated them with DFP (2.5 mM), and evaluated neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, neutrophil degranulation, apoptosis as reflected in hypodiploid DNA formation and exteriorization of phosphatidylserine (PS), processing and activity of caspases-3 and -8, oxidative burst activity and hydrogen peroxide release.ResultsConsistent with its activity as a serine protease inhibitor, DFP significantly inhibited NE activity but not the degranulation of azurophilic granules. DFP inhibited constitutive neutrophil apoptosis as reflected in DNA fragmentation, and the processing and activity of caspases-3 and -8. DFP also inhibited priming of neutrophils for oxidative burst activity and hydrogen peroxide release. However, DFP enhanced the exteriorization of PS in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionWe conclude that DFP exerts significant effects on neutrophil inflammatory function that may confound the interpretation of studies that use it for its antiprotease activity. We further conclude that endogenous proteases play a role in the biology of constitutive neutrophil apoptosis.
Mice with early retinal degeneration show differences in neuropeptide expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Ruggiero Linda , Allen Charles N , Brown R Lane , Robinson David W 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
In mammals, the brain clock responsible for generating circadian rhythms is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Light entrainment of the clock occurs through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) whose axons project to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract. Although ipRGCs are sufficient for photoentrainment, rod and cone photoreceptors also contribute. Adult CBA/J mice, which exhibit loss of rod and cone photoreceptors during early postnatal development, have greater numbers of ipRGCs compared to CBA/N control mice. A greater number of photosensitive cells might argue for enhanced light responses, however, these mice exhibit attenuated phase shifting behaviors. To reconcile these findings, we looked for potential differences in SCN neurons of CBA/J mice that might underly the altered circadian behaviors. We hypothesized that CBA/J mice have differences in the expression of neuropeptides in the SCN, where ipRGCs synapse. The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and vasopressin (VP) are expressed by many SCN neurons and play an important role in the generation of circadian rhythms and photic entrainment.

Methods
Using immunohistochemistry, we looked for differences in the expression of VIP and VP in the SCN of CBA/J mice, and using a light-induced FOS assay, we also examined the degree of retinal innervation of the SCN by ipRGCs.

Results
Our data demonstrate greater numbers of VIP-and VP-positive cells in the SCN of CBA/J mice and a greater degree of light-induced FOS expression.

Conclusions
These results implicate changes in neuropeptide expression in the SCN which may underlie the altered circadian responses to light in these animals.
Variable Infusion Rates Associated with TKO/KVO Abbreviations: A Survey of Illinois Hospital Pharmacists
Authors: Pinneke Steve 
Published: July 2010

Purpose To identify variability of infusion rates associated with TKO (to keep open) and KVO (keep vein open) orders in Illinois hospitals. Method An Internet survey of Illinois hospital pharmacists was conducted. Existence and identification of standardized rates for TKO/KVO were obtained. Chi-square analysis (significance P = 0.05) of frequency of responses to responders and rates was used. Results Sixty-nine (30%) of 230 hospital pharmacy directors responded. The majority of responders (78%) indicated that their institutions defined a standard rate. Rate ranges of 0 to 10, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 50 mL/h were identified as specified TKO infusion rates. A statistically significant difference between frequency of range rates was found ( P = 0.05). Six of “no” responders indicated TKO/KVO was an approved abbreviation and required a rate be given for each order. Total responses indicate 87% (60/69) have a standard rate or require a rate be specified. Conclusion The majority (87%) of responders indicate a standardized rate for TKO/KVO or require that a rate be indicated for each order. Variability in meaning exists for TKO/KVO infusion rates as fluid requirements differ with clinical status and age. Clarification of flow rates provides consistent interpretation. Each institution should have an approved rate for TKO. A policy requiring a rate for each order should be investigated.
Rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay in fine needle aspiration for differential diagnosis in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Authors: Pelizzo Maria Rosa , Losi Andrea , Boschin Isabella Merante , Toniato Antonio , Pennelli Gianmaria , Sorgato Nadia , Faggian Diego , Plebani Mario 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background: The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy of rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone (rIO-PTH) analysis performed using material collected by fine needle aspiration as a parameter to distinguish anatomical structures which the surgeon is not able to identify clearly as parathyroid or lymph node during thyroid/parathyroid surgery. Before surgery, all patients gave written, informed consent.

Methods: We measured the rIO-PTH on 50 anatomical structures, 32 presumed parathyroids and 18 presumed lymph nodes from 22 patients, who underwent thyroid/parathyroid surgery between May and September 2009.

Results: The rIO-PTH values obtained on parathyroids ranged from 85.4 pmol/L to more than 2106 pmol/L, with a rIO-PTH median of 263.25 pmol/L. Results obtained on lymph nodes ranged from <0.52 pmol/L up to 20.4 pmol/L, with a rIO-PTH median equal to 1.31 pmol/L. Results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a rIO-PTH median significantly different (p<0.0001) between samples obtained from parathyroid glands and lymph node tissue.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that rapid intraoperative measurement of parathyroid hormone is a good parameter for the differential diagnosis of parathyroid vs. lymph node tissue. We suggest extending the use of this technique to the field of parathyroid preservation during thyroid/parathyroid surgery in those cases where the parathyroids prove difficult to recognize on the basis of topographic or morphologic criteria.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1313–7.
Transferrin receptor expression on reticulocytes as a marker of iron status in dialyzed patients
Authors: Soininen Kati , Punnonen Kari , Matinlauri Irma , Karhapää Pauli , Rehu Mari 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background: Erythropoietin therapy should be accompanied by an adequate iron supply in order to avoid functional iron deficiency (FID) related to enhanced erythropoiesis. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the body's iron homeostasis is needed. This study was conducted to investigate whether transferrin receptor (TfR) expression on reticulocytes can reflect iron status in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).

Methods: TfR expression [antibody binding capacity (ABC)] and the proportion of TfR positive reticulocytes (%TfR+Ret) relative to all reticulocytes were measured by a quantitative flow cytometric method at baseline and at 3 weeks in 34 dialysis patients. Iron status (plasma ferritin and soluble TfR) and hemoglobin (Hb) with advanced cellular indices, such as the percentage of hypochromic reticulocytes (%HYPOr) and cellular Hb in reticulocytes (CHr), were also analyzed.

Results: Patients with FID had significantly higher TfR ABC and %TfR+Ret compared with patients with replete iron status (p=0.034 and p=0.006, respectively). In patients whose Hb concentrations showed a reduction, the mean increase (3 weeks – baseline) in TfR ABC was four-fold higher and %TfR+Ret was three-fold higher when compared with patients whose Hb was stable or had increased. The changes in TfR expression correlated significantly with the changes in reticulocyte indices [CHr (negatively), %HYPOr (positively)] and plasma ferritin (negatively).

Conclusions: Reticulocyte TfR expression reflected the changes in the Hb level and the iron availability at the cellular level, and therefore it might be useful in the assessment of iron status in patients with CRF.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1239–45.
L-Phenylalanine concentration in blood of phenylketonuria patients: a modified enzyme colorimetric assay compared with amino acid analysis, tandem mass spectrometry, and HPLC methods
Authors: De Silva Veronica , Oldham Charlie D. , May Sheldon W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by an impaired conversion of L-phenylalanine (Phe) to L-tyrosine, typically resulting from a deficiency in activity of a hepatic and renal enzyme L-phenylalanine hydroxylase. The disease is characterized by an increased concentration of Phe and its metabolites in body fluids.Methods:A modified assay based on an enzymatic-colorimetric methodology was developed for measuring blood Phe levels in PKU patients; this method is designed for use with undeproteinized samples and avoids the use of solvents or amphiphilic agents. Thus, the method could be suitable for incorporation into a simple home-monitoring device.Results:We report here on a comparison of blood Phe concentrations in PKU patients measured in undeproteinized plasma using this enzyme colorimetric assay (ECA), with values determined by amino acid analysis (AAA) of deproteinized samples, and HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) eluates. Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.951, 0.976 and 0.988 were obtained when AAA-measured Phe concentrations were compared with the ECA-, HPLC- or MS/MS-measured values, respectively. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that mean Phe concentrations determined using AAA were on average 65 μmol/L lower than values measured by our ECA. These results may be the result of minimizing the manipulations performed on the patient sample compared with AAA, HPLC, and MS/MS methods, which involve plasma deproteinization or DBS elution and derivatization.Conclusions:The results reported here confirm that Phe concentrations determined by our ECA method are comparable to those determined by other widely used methods for a broad range of plasma Phe concentrations.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1271–9.
Point-of-care determination of neonatal bilirubin with the blood gas analyzer RapidLab 1265
Authors: Mielsch Caroline , Zimmermann Andrea , Wagner Dieter , Matthes Bianca , Schlebusch Harald , Luppa Peter B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparability of the new neonatal bilirubin method on the RapidLab 1265 blood gas analyzer. This point-of-care testing (POCT) device has the option for the determination of neonatal bilirubin, making it potentially valuable for use in neonate intensive care units or in outpatient ambulances.

Methods: We paired 240 patient samples for intermethod comparisons between the new POCT method and the routine laboratory method (Vitros 350 chemistry system with BuBc slide). In parallel, a transcutaneous jaundice meter (JM-103) was applied to the newborns. Low birthweight and premature neonates were excluded from the trial. The turn-around-time (TAT) for the POCT method was also compared with the routine method, and the practicality of the new analyzer was evaluated for clinical purposes.

Results: Bilirubin measurements using the RapidLab 1265 are suitable for the application in newborns. For imprecision, coefficients of variation between 5.6% and 23% were found. The correlation between the Vitros 350 (x) and RapidLab 1265 (y) was y=1.0x–0.1 (r=0.91), with a mean bias of +0.1 mg/dL and a 95% limit of agreement of ±2.5 mg/dL. As in all POCT methods, the TAT was significantly lower than that of the core laboratory.

Conclusions: In contrast to the JM-103, the results of the RapidLab 1265 correlated closely with the Vitros 350, although occasional results of both methods were more different than expected. In general, the RapidLab 1265 blood gas analyzer provides clinically useful bilirubin results using neonatal whole blood samples, although imprecision data are higher than for the laboratory method. The POCT device is suitable for neonatal intensive care units after thoroughly training the employees that will use the device.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1455–61.
The Mining Law of 1872: Change is Overdue
Authors: Woody Carol Ann , Hughes Robert M. , Wagner Eric J. , Quinn Thomas P. , Roulson Leanne H. , Martin Lori M. , Griswold Kitty 
Published: July 2010

Hardrock mining for metals has been, and is, an economically important land use in all western U.S. states. However, metals contamination associated with mining can be highly toxic to aquatic life, the composition of metal-bearing rock often leads to acid mine drainage and increased concentrations of dissolved metals, and mine-related disruptions to soil and water often produce excess fine sediments and altered stream flows. Such environmental degradation leads to large numbers of perpetually polluted streams and impaired aquatic life and fisheries. The primary U.S. law governing mining, the General Mining Law of 1872, was passed during the pick-and-shovel era to encourage economic growth; however, modern mining processes are massive in extent, highly mechanized, and incorporate additional toxic chemicals for leaching metals from ores. We provide an overview of hardrock mining impacts to aquatic life, a set of mining case studies, and suggestions for amending U.S. mining law. Our hope is that this article will lead to improved management and rehabilitation of existing mine sites and sufficient protections for the aquatic life and fisheries likely to be disturbed by future mines.
la minería metalúrgica subterránea ha sido, y aún es, una actividad económicamente importante en cuanto a uso de suelo en los estados del oeste de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Sin embargo, la contaminación por metales asociada a la minería puede ser altamente tóxica para la vida acuática, la composición de las rocas que contienen metales suele derivar en drenaje ácido de mina e incrementar la concentración de metales disueltos y las alteraciones en el suelo y agua relacionados con la minería pueden producir un exceso de sedimentos finos que alteran el cauce de los ríos. Tal degradación ambiental da lugar a un considerable número de cauces permanentemente contaminados, lo que pone en peligro tanto a la vida acuática como a las pesquerías. La ley directriz de minería de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, La Ley General de Minería de 1872, fue decretada durante la época de “pico y pala” con el fin de promover el crecimiento económico; no obstante, los actuales procesos de minería son extensivos, altamente mecanizados e incorporan químicos tóxicos para lixiviar metales a partir de minerales. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de los impactos de la minería subterránea en la vida acuática, un grupo de minas como casos de estudio y sugerencias para modificar la Ley de Minería de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Nuestra esperanza es que la presente contribución de lugar a un mejoramiento en el manejo y rehabilitación de las minas existentes y a suficientes medidas de protección para la vida acuática y las pesquerías que puedan ser alteradas por la explotación de más minas en el futuro.
Cloning, Expression, and Immunogenicity of Flavobacterium columnare Heat Shock Protein DnaJ
Authors: Olivares-Fuster Oscar , Terhune Jeffery S. , Shoemaker Craig A. , Arias Covadonga R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein (HSP) gene dnaJ* was isolated, cloned, expressed, and used as an antigen in a recombinant vaccine strategy for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The F. columnare dnaJ* sequence was obtained from genomovars I and II and showed intraspecies variability. Recombinant protein was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli cultures and injected intraperitoneally (12 μg of purified DnaJ/fish) into fingerling channel catfish. In addition, induced (expressing the recombinant DnaJ) and uninduced (no recombinant protein being produced) E. coli cultures were also used to immunize fish. At 28 d postimmunization, antibody response was evaluated and the fish were challenged with F. columnare. A specific immune response against DnaJ was observed in fish immunized with DnaJ or E. coli cultures expressing DnaJ. No protection against the disease, however, was observed in F. columnare-challenged fish that had been immunized with DnaJ. Some level of protection was observed in fish immunized with uninduced and induced E. coli lysates. Although HSPs have been shown to be immunodominant and good candidates for subunit vaccines in other animals, DnaJ failed to protect against columnaris disease in channel catfish.
Preliminary Amphibian Health Survey in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
Authors: Glenney Gavin W. , Julian James T. , Quartz William M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To detect aquatic animal diseases of national concern, 111 individual amphibians, including wood frogs Rana sylvatica (28), spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer (35), red-spotted newts Notophthalmus viridescens (41), and gray tree frogs Hyla versicolor (7), were sampled at seven different sites in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DGNRA), Pennsylvania, from June 14 to July 19, 2007. These samples were screened for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and viral pathogens at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Fish Health Center in Lamar, Pennsylvania. Cell culture revealed cytopathic effect (CPE) in two cell lines (epithelioma papillosum cyprini and fathead minnow) inoculated with liver, kidney, and spleen samples from one sample pool of Notophthalmus viridescens (4 individuals). Polymerase chain reaction was conducted on cell culture supernatant exhibiting CPE. Sequencing revealed the resulting product to be identical to frog virus 3, a ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae. Upon gross examination, two Notophthalmus viridescens were found to exhibit dermal swelling and lethargy. Histological examination of these lesions revealed involvement by an Ichthyophonus sp. In summary, two pathogens of concern were found in amphibians in the DGNRA: a ranavirus with a major capsid protein sequence identical to that of frog virus 3 and a mesomycetozoan, Ichthyophonus sp. Although no epizootic die-offs were observed during this health survey, the results warrant further research into the distribution of these pathogens throughout the DGNRA because they have the potential to cause mass mortalities in amphibians.
A Comparison of Heavy Metal Concentrations and Health Assessment in Asian Clams Corbicula fluminea from Florida and North Carolina
Authors: Lewbart Gregory A. , Christian Larry S. , Harms Craig A. , Van Wettere Arnaud J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea was introduced into the United States in 1938 and has since become established in much of the country. This invasive species can compete with native bivalves and compromise industrial water supply systems and power plants. Numerous studies have examined bivalves as bioindicators. The purpose of this study was to compare the heavy metal concentrations of the hard and soft tissues of specimens from Florida and North Carolina and to assess the clams' health by microscopic examination of their soft tissues. Although the sample size was small, this study suggests that the Asian clams from the watersheds examined are healthy and that they accumulate lower levels of heavy metals than have been reported for clams from other, more polluted aquatic environments.
Resistance and Protective Immunity in Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Exposed to M Type Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV)
Authors: Kurath Gael , Garver Kyle A. , LaPatra Scott E. , Purcell Maureen K. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Differential virulence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) isolates from the U and M phylogenetic subgroups is clearly evident in the Redfish Lake (RFL) strain of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. In these fish, experimental immersion challenges with U isolates cause extremely high mortality and M isolates cause low or no mortality. When survivors of M virus immersion challenges were exposed to a secondary challenge with virulent U type virus they experienced high mortality, indicating that the primary M challenge did not elicit protective immunity. Delivery of a moderate dose (2 × 104 plaque-forming units [PFU]/fish) of virus by intraperitoneal injection challenge did not overcome RFL sockeye salmon resistance to M type IHNV. Injection challenge with a high dose (5 × 106 PFU/fish) of M type virus caused 10% mortality, and in this case survivors did develop protective immunity against a secondary U type virus challenge. Thus, although it is possible for M type IHNV to elicit cross-protective immunity in this disease model, it does not develop after immersion challenge despite entry, transient replication of M virus to low levels, stimulation of innate immune genes, and development of neutralizing antibodies in some fish.
Efficacy of Florfenicol for Control of Mortality Caused by Flavobacterium columnare Infection in Channel Catfish
Authors: Gaunt Patricia S. , Gao Dana , Sun Fangshi , Endris Richard 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The efficacy of florfenicol against infection by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare was studied in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings held in 80-L aquaria. Nonabraded fish were challenged by immersion on day 0. Thirty 80-L tanks were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two treatment groups, one in which fish were fed a commercial diet without florfenicol (unmedicated feed) and one in which they were fed a diet containing 10 mg of florfenicol/kg of body weight (medicated feed) for ten consecutive days. Mortality was monitored during the treatment period and a 14-d posttreatment observation period. At the end of the posttreatment period, all fish were euthanized, examined for gross lesions, and cultured for F. columnare. Significantly fewer fish fed the medicated diet died (8.0%) than fish fed the unmedicated diet (54.2%). Flavobacterium columnare was cultured from 15.0% of the medicated fish, compared with 68.9% of the unmedicated fish. The gross lesions in the fish were consistent with columnaris disease, and F. columnare was cultured from 99.5% of the dead fish. No differences were observed in weight gain and appetence between the medicated and unmedicated groups. For the F. columnare strain used in this study, the minimal inhibitory concentration of florfenicol ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL in the 30 bacterial cultures obtained from infected fish, and the mean disk diffusion zone of inhibition was 40 mm. There were no adverse effects among the medicated fish. Administration of florfenicol at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 d was efficacious and safe for the control of mortality from F. columnare infection in channel catfish.