bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RB4CD12 epitope expression and heparan sulfate disaccharide composition in brain vasculature
Authors: Hosono‐Fukao Tomomi , Ohtake‐Niimi Shiori , Nishitsuji Kazuchika , Hossain Md. Motarab , van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Michikawa Makoto , Uchimura Kenji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRB4CD12 is a phage display antibody that recognizes a heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan epitope. The epitope structure is proposed to contain a trisulfated disaccharide, [–IdoA(2‐OSO3)‐GlcNSO3(6‐OSO3)–], which supports HS binding to various macromolecules such as growth factors and cytokines in central nervous tissues. Chemically modified heparins that lack the trisulfated disaccharides failed to inhibit the RB4CD12 recognition of HS chains. To determine the localization of the RB4CD12 anti‐HS epitope in the brain, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis for cryocut sections of mouse brain. The RB4CD12 staining signals were colocalized with laminin and were detected abundantly in the vascular basement membrane. Bacterial heparinases eliminated the RB4CD12 staining signals. The RB4CD12 epitope localization was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. Western blotting analysis revealed that the size of a major RB4CD12‐positive molecule is ∼460 kDa in a vessel‐enriched fraction of the mouse brain. Disaccharide analysis with reversed‐phase ion‐pair HPLC showed that [–IdoA(2‐OSO3)‐GlcNSO3(6‐OSO3)–] trisulfated disaccharide residues are present in HS purified from the vessel‐enriched brain fraction. These results indicated that the RB4CD12 anti‐HS epitope exists in large quantities in the brain vascular basement membrane. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique angiogenic and vasculogenic properties of renal cell carcinoma in a xenograft model of bone metastasis are associated with high levels of vegf‐a and decreased ang‐1 expression
Authors: Xie Chao , Schwarz Edward M. , Sampson Erik R. , Dhillon Robinder S. , Li Dan , O'Keefe Regis J. , Tyler Wakenda 
Published: August 2011

AbstractManagement of various tumor metastases to bone has dramatically improved, but this is not so for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is a difficult surgical problem due to its great vascularity. Furthermore, the unique mechanisms that mediate RCC vasculogenesis in bone remain unknown. To understand this process we developed a xenograft model that recapitulates highly vascular RCC versus less vascular tumors that metastasize to bone. Human tumor cell lines of RCC (786‐O), prostate cancer (PC3), lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MDA‐MB231), and melanoma (A375) were transduced with firefly luciferase (Luc), injected into the tibiae of nude mice, and differences in growth, osteolysis, and vascularity were assessed by longitudinal bioluminescent imaging, micro‐CT for measurement of calcified tissues and vascularity and histology. The results showed that while RCC‐Luc has reduced growth and osteolytic potential versus the other tumor lines, it displayed a significant increase in vascular volume (p < 0.05). This expansion was due to 3‐ and 5‐fold increases in small and large vessel numbers respectively. In vitro gene expression profiling revealed that RCC‐Luc expresses significantly (p < 0.05) more vegf‐a (10‐fold) and 20‐ to 30‐fold less ang‐1 versus the other lines. These data demonstrate the utility of this model to study the unique vasculogenic properties of RCC bone metastases. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:325–333, 2012
Alterations of ADAMTSs and TIMP‐3 in human nucleus pulposus cells subjected to compressive load: Implications in the pathogenesis of human intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Huang Ming , Wang Hai‐Qiang , Zhang Qiang , Yan Xiao‐Dong , Hao Meng , Luo Zhuo‐Jing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) pertains to the loss of extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the early loss of aggrecan, the turnover of which is regulated by ADAMTSs. Amongst the etiological factors of IDD, mechanical stress plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. However, the role of ADAMTSs and their inhibitor in human NP cells under mechanical stress has not been elucidated to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ADAMTSs and TIMP‐3 in NP cells under mechanical stress. Human NP cells isolated from non‐degenerative and degenerative discs were subjected to dynamic compressive load. The expression of ADAMTSs, aggrecan, and TIMP‐3 was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and/or Western blot. Consequently, the gene expression of ADAMTS‐1, 4, and 5 increased significantly in loaded NP cells compared with not‐loaded cells from either non‐degenerative or degenerative discs, whereas the gene expression of aggrecan decreased significantly. Moreover, Western blot indicated increased protein levels of ADAMTSs‐1, 4, and 5. However, the expression of TIMP‐3 altered insignificantly. Together, this study is the first addressing the underlying mechanisms of compressive load as a contributing factor to IDD in terms of ADAMTSs. Our results suggest that compressive load leads to the increase in ADAMTS‐1, 4, and 5 that contributes to the decrease of aggrecan and IDD via TIMP‐3 independent machinery. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:267–273, 2012
Efficiency Increase of Poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isosorbide terephthalate) Synthesis using Bimetallic Catalytic Systems
Authors: Bersot Jean Christophe , Jacquel Nicolas , Saint‐Loup René , Fuertes Patrick , Rousseau Alain , Pascault Jean Pierre , Spitz Roger , Fenouillot Françoise , Monteil Vincent 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNew catalytic systems are developed to increase the transesterification efficiency during the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isosorbide terephthalate) with the aim of compensating for the lack of reactivity of the isosorbide and to reduce the coloration of the polymer. The combination of antimony oxide with a second metal (lithium‐, magnesium‐, or aluminium‐based compounds) is investigated, leading to the discovery of innovative antimony‐based bimetallic catalytic systems that exhibit a higher polymerization efficiency, even at high isosorbide contents (20%) and, in some cases, lower coloration. magnified image
A framework for resource dimensioning in GPON access networks
Authors: Alshaer Hamada , Shubair Raed , Alyafei Mohamed 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn gigabit passive optical networks (GPONs), the ports of the optical line terminal (OLT) support passive optical networks (PONs). An optical split ratio supported on an OLT chassis determines the number of optical network units (ONUs) which can share PON link capacity. Generally, network planners tend to do dimensioning for PON link capacity (OLT port) based on the number of subscribers and their type (i.e. residential or business). Although this dimensioning approach is simple, it does not guarantee a selection of optical split ratio which can optimally allocate bandwidth to end‐subscribers. In this paper, we develop an integrated mathematical framework for optimally dimensioning resources in an GPON access network, namely OLT capacity. This framework comprises three resource‐dimensioning approaches which are based on user requirements: GPON link utilization and capacity optimization. Our mathematical framework has been integrated into software for GPON resource dimensioning, which we have developed to evaluate the support and performance of services in GPON access networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concomitant use of anti‐dementia drugs with psychotropic drugs in Norway—a population‐based study
Authors: Langballe Ellen Melbye , Engdahl Bo , Selbæk Geir , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeConcomitant use of anti‐dementia drugs with psychotropic drugs is potentially problematic in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate how frequently patients in Norway use anti‐dementia drugs concomitantly with psychotropic drugs.MethodsAnalyses are based on data from the Norwegian Prescription Database. All patients who had an anti‐dementia drug (ATC‐code N06D) dispensed from a Norwegian pharmacy between January 2004 and July 2009 were included.ResultsA total of 33 816 individuals received anti‐dementia drugs at some time during this period. The total concomitant use of anti‐dementia drugs with psychotropic drugs was 57.4% in men and 65.8% in women. Compared with men, a significantly higher percentage of women used antidepressants (35.8% versus 27.2%), mild hypnotics (28.8% versus 23.6%), benzodiazepines (25.4% versus 20.8%) and opioids (22.8% versus 17.4%) concomitantly with anti‐dementia drugs. Concomitant use of antipsychotics with anti‐dementia drugs was about 16% for both male and female patients. Of the total sample, 11.9% of the women and 11.7% of the men used acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) anti‐dementia drugs concomitantly with an interacting psychotropic drug.ConclusionThe concomitant use of psychotropic drugs with anti‐dementia drugs was extensive, especially among women. Co‐medication with potentially interacting drugs occurred at a rate of one in 10. The concomitant use of anti‐dementia drugs with psychotropic drugs identified in this study may inform the ongoing clinical debate about drug use in this patient group. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the Supportive Care Needs Survey—short form 34 with a simplified response format in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Schofield Penelope , Gough Karla , Lotfi‐Jam Kerryann , Aranda Sanchia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe Supportive Care Needs Survey—short form (SCNS‐SF34) is a commonly used instrument that assesses levels of unmet needs in cancer patients across five domains. Participants in a number of recent studies have experienced difficulties with the five‐point, two‐level response scale. This study aimed to validate the SCNS‐SF34 with a simplified four‐point response format in a large sample of Australian men with prostate cancer.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐two men with prostate cancer commencing external beam radiotherapy completed the SCNS‐SF34 with revised response format, along with measures of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite—short form). Exploratory factor and parallel analyses were undertaken to examine the structure of the revised instrument. Reliability analysis was performed, and convergent and divergent validity were examined using a priori predictions.ResultsAs with the original scale, a five‐factor solution was indicated. Four of the five factors were identical to those reported in the original SNCS‐SF34 validation study. Internal consistency was excellent, exceeding 0.8 for all five domains. Consistent with expectations, correlations between SCNS domains and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscales indicated moderate to large convergent relations (ranging from 0.31–0.67).ConclusionsThe SCNS‐SF34 with revised response format maintained the same factor structure as the original, with five domains. This analysis demonstrates that the simplified response scale does not adversely affect the psychometric properties of the instrument. The SCNS‐SF34 with revised response format is reliable, valid and more acceptable to cancer patients than its predecessor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of high‐throughput high‐resolution MALDI‐TOF‐MS of urinary peptides for the detection of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Bryan Richard T. , Wei Wenbin , Shimwell Neil J. , Collins Stuart I. , Hussain Syed A. , Billingham Lucinda J. , Murray Paul G. , Deshmukh Nayneeta , James Nicholas D. , Wallace D. Michael A. , Johnson Philip J. , Zeegers Maurice P. , Cheng K. K. , Martin Ashley , Ward Douglas G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:There is a need for better biomarkers to both detect bladder cancer and distinguish muscle‐invasive (stage T2+) from non‐invasive (stage Ta/T1) disease. We assess whether MALDI‐TOF‐MS of the urine peptidome can achieve this.Experimental design:We analysed urine from 751 patients with bladder cancer and 127 patients without bladder cancer. Endogenous peptide profiling was performed using a Bruker Ultraflextreme MALDI‐TOF‐MS.Results:Significant differences were seen between the spectra of urine from patients with and without T2+ disease. Albumin, total protein and haematuria were also elevated in T2+ patients. Haematuria was detected in 39% of patients with Ta/T1 disease and in 77% of patients with T2+ disease. Class prediction models based on MALDI data produced areas under receiver‐operator characteristic curves of up to 0.76 but did not significantly outperform a model based on total protein alone. Many peptides significantly associated with invasive disease are fragments of abundant blood proteins and are also associated with haematuria.Conclusions and clinical relevance:Microscopic haematuria is strongly associated with invasive disease; even traces of blood/plasma strongly influence the urinary peptidome. This needs to be taken into consideration when using ‘omic’ methods to search for urinary biomarkers as blood proteins may give false‐positive results.
Methods for prospective studies of adverse effects as applied to prostate cancer patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy without hormones
Authors: Stensvold Andreas , Dahl Alv A. , Brennhovd Bjørn , Cvancarova Milada , Fosså Sophie D. , Lilleby Wolfgang , Axcrona Karol , Smeland Sigbjørn 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently two new methods for prospective studies of adverse effects after treatment have been developed: Proportions of patients regaining 90% of baseline function score (PBS‐90) and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). We compared these methods to examine changes of sexual, urinary, and bowel functions after robot‐assisted prostatectomy (RALP) and conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in patients without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).METHODSThe post‐treatment functional course was studied prospectively in 254 patients (N = 150 RALP and N = 104 EBRT) with PBS‐90 and GEE. The time points at which functions reached stability and significant associations with function at 24 months were examined with PBS‐90, and predictors were identified with GEE. The patients filled in the UCLA‐PCI questionnaire at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24‐month post‐treatment.RESULTSThe proportions reaching PBS‐90 at 24 months were 69% EBRT and 34% RALP patients for urinary function, 70% of EBRT and 7% of RALP patients for sexual function, and 70% of EBRT and 86% of RALP patients for bowel function. GEE showed that the function scores at 6 months were significantly associated with the functions at 24 months. PBS‐90 found that stability of function was reached at 3 months for urinary and 6 months for sexual and bowel functions.CONCLUSIONSIn outcome assessment PBS‐90 mainly demonstrates when post‐treatment level become stabilized and GEE shows the time points at which final outcome can be predicted. The two methods therefore supplement each other. Changes of functions corresponded to those reported in samples including patients having ADT. Prostate 72:668–676, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The conformational properties of α,β‐dehydroamino acids with a C‐terminal ester group
Authors: Siodłak Dawid , Grondys Justyna , Broda Małgorzata A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstractα,β‐Dehydroamino acid esters occur in nature. To investigate their conformational properties, a systematic theoretical analysis was performed on the model molecules Ac‐ΔXaa‐OMe [ΔXaa = ΔAla, (E)‐ΔAbu, (Z)‐ΔAbu, ΔVal] at the B3LYP/6‐311+ + G(d,p) level in the gas phase as well as in chloroform and water solutions with the self‐consistent reaction field‐polarisable continuum model method. The Fourier transform IR spectra in CCl4 and CHCl3 have been analysed as well as the analogous solid state conformations drawn from The Cambridge Structural Database. The ΔAla residue has a considerable tendency to adopt planar conformations C5 (ϕ, ψ ≈ − 180°, 180°) and β2 (ϕ, ψ ≈ − 180°, 0°), regardless of the environment. The ΔVal residue prefers the conformation β2 (ϕ, ψ ≈ − 120°, 0°) in a low polar environment, but the conformations α (ϕ, ψ ≈ − 55°, 35°) and β (ϕ, ψ ≈ − 55°, 145°) when the polarity increases. The ΔAbu residues reveal intermediate properties, but their conformational dispositions depend on configuration of the side chain of residue: (E)‐ΔAbu is similar to ΔAla, whereas (Z)‐ΔAbu to ΔVal. Results indicate that the low‐energy conformation β2 is the characteristic feature of dehydroamino acid esters. The studied molecules constitute conformational patterns for dehydroamino acid esters with various side chain substituents in either or both Z and E positions. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoplastic starches modified with polyurethane microparticles: The effects of isocyanate types in polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Pingping , Leng Yamei , Zhu Mei , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this work, polyurethane prepolymers (PUPs) with different isocyanate types were synthesized and mixed reactively with a starch–water mixture to prepare modified thermoplastic starch (TPS). The effects of the polyurethane isocyanate on the structure and properties of the modified TPS sheets were then investigated. Results from the scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, mechanical tests, and contact angle (CA) confirmed that the modified TPS possessed a homogenous structure, good compatibility between starch and polyurethane (PU), excellent toughness, and hydrophobicity. The degradation experiment also revealed that the PU could be completely separated from the modified TPS. Additionally, almost 100% of the PU particles were cross‐linked to starch matrix, indicating the high efficiency of the modification. The NCO groups with higher reaction activity exhibited a higher number of urethane linkages between the starch matrix and the PU microparticle, resulting in improved compatibility of the two phases of the modified TPS and an increase in toughness.
Neural Stem Cell Gene Therapy Ameliorates Pathology and Function in a Mouse Model of Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
Authors: Neri Margherita , Ricca Alessandra , di Girolamo Ilaria , Alcala'-Franco Beatriz , Cavazzin Chiara , Orlacchio Aldo , Martino Sabata , Naldini Luigi , Gritti Angela 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Murine neural stem cells (mNSCs), either naive or genetically modified to express supranormal levels of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), were transplanted into the brain of Twitcher mice, a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy, a severe sphingolipidosis. Cells engrafted long-term into the host cytoarchitecture, producing functional GALC. Levels of enzyme activity in brain and spinal cord tissues were enhanced when GALC-overexpressing NSC were used. Enzymatic correction correlated with reduced tissue storage, decreased activation of astroglia and microglia, delayed onset of symptoms, and longer lifespan. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of mNSC included widespread enzyme distribution, cross-correction of host cells, anti-inflammatory activity, and neuroprotection. Similar cell engraftment and metabolic correction were reproduced using human NSC. Thus, NSC gene therapy rapidly reconstitutes sustained and long-lasting enzyme activity in central nervous system tissues. Combining this approach with treatments targeting the systemic disease associated with leukodystrophies may provide significant therapeutic benefit.
Characterizing uncertainty in expert assessments: ozone depletion and the West Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: O'Reilly Jessica , Brysse Keynyn , Oppenheimer Michael , Oreskes Naomi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLarge‐scale assessments have become an important vehicle for organizing, interpreting, and presenting scientific information relevant to environmental policy. At the same time, identifying and evaluating scientific uncertainty with respect to the very questions these assessments were designed to address has become more difficult, as ever more complex problems involving greater portions of the Earth system and longer timescales have emerged at the science–policy interface. In this article, we explore expert judgments about uncertainty in two recent cases: the assessment of stratospheric ozone depletion, and the assessment of the response of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) to global warming. These assessments were fairly adept at characterizing one type of uncertainty in models (parameter uncertainty), but faced much greater difficulty in dealing with structural model uncertainty, sometimes entirely avoiding grappling with it. In the absence of viable models, innovative approaches were developed in the ozone case for consolidating information about highly uncertain future outcomes, whereas little such progress has been made thus far in the case of WAIS. Both cases illustrate the problem of expert disagreement, suggesting that future assessments need to develop improved approaches to representing internal conflicts of judgment, in order to produce a more complete evaluation of uncertainty. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 728–743 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.135This article is categorized under:

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment by Expert Panels
Fault‐tolerance in wireless ad hoc networks: bi‐connectivity through movement of removable nodes
Authors: Yan Zhongjiang , Chang Yilin , Jiang Hai , Shen Zhong 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTFor a wireless ad hoc network to achieve fault‐tolerance, it is desired that the network is bi‐connected. This means that each pair of nodes in the network have at least two node‐disjoint paths between them, and thus, failure at any single node does not partition the network. In other words, in a bi‐connected network, there is no cut‐node (defined as a node such that the removal of it partitions the network). To make a connected but not bi‐connected network become bi‐connected, actions should be taken such that all cut‐nodes become non‐cut‐nodes. In this research, we propose to deal with cut‐nodes from a new perspective. Specifically, we first introduce a new concept of removable node, defined as a non‐cut‐node such that the removal of it does not generate any new cut‐node in the network. Then, we propose to move a removable node to a new location around a cut‐node. In this way, the cut‐node becomes a non‐cut‐node, that is, the failure of it does not partition the network anymore. Algorithms are provided (i) to identify removable nodes; (ii) to match cut‐nodes with a feasible set of removable nodes, in which all nodes can be simultaneously removed from the network without generating any new cut‐node in the network; and (iii) to derive the final location of a removable node such that its movement distance is the shortest and the associated cut‐node becomes a non‐cut‐node. The proposed algorithms do not guarantee the final bi‐connectivity but have the merits of a large success rate (almost 100% in the simulation), a small number of moved nodes, and a short total movement distance. In addition, the proposed algorithms are shown to be effective even when there are a large portion of fixed nodes in the network. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A SHORT NOTE ON ENHANCED DENSITY SETS
Authors: DELLADIO SILVANO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe give a simple proof of a statement extending Fu's (J.H.G. Fu, Erratum to ‘some remarks on legendrian rectiable currents’, Manuscripta Math.113(3) (2004), 397–401) result: ‘IfΩis a set of locally finite perimeter inℝ2,then there is no function f∈C1(ℝ2)such that∇f(x1,x2) = (x2, 0) at a.e. (x1,x2) ∈ Ω’. We also prove that every measurable set can be approximated arbitrarily closely inL1by subsets that do not contain enhanced density points. Finally, we provide a new proof of a Poincaré-type lemma for locally finite perimeter sets, which was first stated by Delladio (S. Delladio, Functions of classC1subject to a Legendre condition in an enhanced density set, to appear inRev. Mat. Iberoamericana).