bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ebstein anomaly: Genetic heterogeneity and association with microdeletions 1p36 and 8p23.1
Authors: Digilio Maria Cristina , Bernardini Laura , Lepri Francesca , Giuffrida Maria Grazia , Guida Valentina , Baban Anwar , Versacci Paolo , Capolino Rossella , Torres Barbara , De Luca Alessandro , Novelli Antonio , Marino Bruno , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEbstein anomaly is an uncommon congenital heart defect (CHD), characterized by downward displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. To uncover the genetic associations with Ebstein anomaly, we have searched chromosomal imbalances using standard cytogenetic and array‐CGH analysis, and single gene conditions associated with syndromic Ebstein anomaly (with extracardiac anomalies), and screened GATA4 and NKX2.5 mutations in nonsyndromic patients (without extracardiac anomalies). Between January 1997 and September 2009, 44 consecutive patients with Ebstein anomaly were evaluated in two centers of Pediatric Cardiology. Ebstein anomaly was syndromic in 12 (27%) patients, and nonsyndromic in 32 (73%). A recognizable syndrome or complex was diagnosed by clinical criteria in seven patients. In one syndromic patient an 18q deletion was diagnosed by standard cytogenetic analysis. Array‐CGH analysis performed in 10 of the 12 syndromic patients detected an interstitial deletion of about 4 Mb at 8p23.1 in one patient, and a deletion 1pter > 1p36.32/dup Xpter‐ > Xp22.32 in another patient. In the 28 of 32 nonsyndromic patients who underwent molecular testing, no mutation in GATA4 and NKX2.5 genes were detected. We conclude that Ebstein anomaly is a genetically heterogeneous defect, and that deletion 1p36 and deletion 8p23.1 are the most frequent chromosomal imbalances associated with Ebstein anomaly. Candidate genes include the GATA4 gene (in patients with del 8p23.1), NKX2.5 (based on published patients with isolated Ebstein anomaly) and a hypothetical gene in patients with del 1p36). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb–body wall defect. Is there a defensible hypothesis and can it explain all the associated anomalies?
Authors: Hunter Alasdair G.W. , Seaver Laurie H. , Stevenson Roger E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAside from gastroschisis and omphalocele, major defects of the ventral body (thoracoabdominal) wall are relatively uncommon and almost universally lethal. They are most often associated with other anomalies including those of the limbs that may range from amelia to mild positional deformations, unusual craniofacial malformations, and a variety of visceral abnormalities that include the heart, lungs, genitourinary system, and gut. This complex of ventral wall anomalies has been discussed under a broad and changing nomenclature that has included amniotic band disruption complex, amnion rupture sequence, limb–body wall defect (or complex), and simply body wall complex. Three major theories have been suggested to explain this complex: early amnion rupture (operating through uterine pressure and/or disruption by amniotic bands), vascular compromise (primarily hypoperfusion), and an early intrinsic defect of the developing embryo. We present four patients that illustrate the spectrum of ventral body wall defects, and from there critique the current hypotheses of pathogenesis. We conclude that this association of malformations originates as early as the embryonic disc stage, and that some of the observed associated anomalies are secondary complications of the primary disturbance in embryogenesis. We propose a new explanation for the atypical facial clefts and cranial malformations that are often observed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poincaré gauge theory with coupled even and odd parity spin‐0 modes: Cosmological normal modes
Authors: Ho F.‐H. , Nester J.M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe are investigating the dynamics of a new Poincaré gauge theory of gravity model, which has cross coupling between the spin‐0+ and spin‐0‐ modes. To this end we are considering a very appropriate situation – homogeneous‐isotropic cosmologies – which is relatively simple, and yet all the modes have non‐trivial dynamics which reveals physically interesting and possibly observable results. More specifically we consider manifestly isotropic Bianchi class A cosmologies. Here the first order equations obtained from an effective Lagrangian are linearized and the normal modes are found. These turn out to control the asymptotic late time cosmological normal modes. Numerical evolution confirms the late time asymptotic approximation and shows the expected effects of the cross parity pseudoscalar coupling.
Gold in C‐C‐Kupplungsreaktionen – ein Katalysator so vielseitig wie ein Schweizer Taschenmesser?
Authors: Wegner Hermann A. , Auzias Mathieu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen ist für Organiker der wesentlichste Gesichtspunkt bei der Herstellung von Molekülen. Übergangsmetallkatalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen haben sich zu einem der entscheidenden Instrumente für diese Aufgabe entwickelt. In den letzten Jahren wurde auch Gold als Katalysator für diese Art von Reaktionen entdeckt. Gold als milde carbophile π‐Lewis‐Säure, die zudem in C‐H‐Bindungen inserieren und – wie kürzlich erkannt – Redoxreaktionen eingehen kann, bietet eine ideale Kombination von Eigenschaften für den effizienten und ökonomischen Aufbau von Verbindungen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz ist eine kritische Betrachtung der durch Goldkatalyse ermöglichten C‐C‐Kupplungsreaktionen, um zu weiteren Forschungsaktivitäten auf diesem vielversprechenden Gebiet der oxidativen/reduktiven Goldkatalyse zu ermutigen.
Fault detection for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems subject to network‐induced uncertainties
Authors: Wan Xiongbo , Fang Huajing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of fault detection (FD) for discrete‐time systems with global Lipschitz conditions and network‐induced uncertainties. By utilizing Bernoulli stochastic variables and a switching signal, a unified measurement model is proposed to describe three kinds of network‐induced uncertainties, that is, access constraints, time delays, and packet dropouts. We aim to design a mode‐dependent fault detection filter (FDF) such that, for all external disturbances and the above uncertainties, the error between the residual and fault is made as small as possible. The addressed FD problem is then converted into an auxiliary H∞ filtering problem for discrete‐time stochastic system with multiple time‐varying delays. By applying the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii approach, a sufficient condition for the existence of the FDF is derived in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities (LMI). When these LMIs are feasible, the explicit expression of the desired FDF can also be characterized. A numerical example is exploited to show the effectiveness of the results obtained.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Enterovirus 71 adsorption on metal ion‐composite chitosan beads
Authors: Lin Ya‐Ching , Lin Shu‐Ting , Chen Cheng‐Yi , Wu Sheng‐Chi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, we developed composite chitosan beads combining various metal ions, including Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+, for direct adsorption of enterovirus 71 (EV71). The metal‐ion species had significant effects on the adsorption capacity of beads. Among these metal ion‐composite chitosan beads, Ni2+‐chitosan beads exhibited the best adsorption capacity of EV71. Using a concentration of 0.01‐M Ni2+ was found to best provide for bead formation and EV71 adsorption. The adsorption of EV71 for Ni2+‐chitosan beads at neutral or alkaline pH was favored. Under a competitive condition with albumin proteins, Ni2+‐chitosan beads exhibited significant capacity of EV71 adsorption in culture media. The adsorption of EV71 on the Ni2+‐chitosan beads was attributed to the strong binding between Ni2+ ions chelated to the surface amino acid of EV71 capsids and Ni2+ ions chelated on the chitosan materials. Moreover, the adsorbed EV71 retained its antigenicity and infectivity after desorption. The Ni2+‐chitosan beads exhibit a promising application to EV71 adsorption and removal. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Orientation to dissection: Assisting students through the transition
Authors: Lamdin R. , Weller J. , Kerse N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman dissection continues to be strongly argued for teaching human anatomy to medical students and is technically and emotionally demanding. An orientation to dissection and the laboratory are provided for students before beginning their work because students' and families' reactions to dissection are often complex. This study explored medical students' experiences of attending an orientation to human dissection and the anatomy laboratory. Students' reactions, feelings, and thoughts were enquired about 1 year after beginning dissection at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Qualitative research methods, specifically one‐on‐one semistructured interview were utilized. Third‐year medical students self‐selected into the study and were interviewed 1 year after entering the laboratory. Transcribed audiotapes of the interviews were analyzed for themes across the interviews. One year after dissection students have vivid memories with differing ways of viewing the body that may help or hinder with dissection. The themes presented include orientation, student anticipation, psychological approach to the body, normalizing‐continuing disquiet, and social reference. The orientation eases student entry into the laboratory. There can be ongoing feelings of ambivalence regards the body for some students. Novel findings include that students not only have their own feelings to deal with but also those of friends and family who question them and may feel uncomfortable with the idea of them dissecting. Even one year after beginning dissection, students may emotionally struggle with their work and may require further support, including how they talk about sensitive topics with other people. Clin. Anat. 25:235–240, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatty Acyl‐AMP Ligase Involvement in the Production of Alkylresorcylic Acid by a Myxococcus xanthus Type III Polyketide Synthase
Authors: Hayashi Takayuki , Kitamura Yuta , Funa Nobutaka , Ohnishi Yasuo , Horinouchi Sueharu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFatty acyl‐AMP ligases (FAALs) activate fatty acids as acyladenylates, and subsequently catalyze their transfer onto the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) of polyketide synthases (PKSs) or nonribosomal peptide synthetases to produce lipidic metabolites. Myxococcus xanthus contains a polyketide biosynthesis gene cluster in which putative FAAL (FtpD) and ACP (FtpC) genes are located close to a type III PKS (FtpA) gene. Here we describe the characterization of these three proteins in vitro. FtpD adenylated stearic acid and produced stearoyl‐FtpC. The stearoyl moiety was then transferred to FtpA. When extender substrates (malonyl‐CoA and methylmalonyl‐CoA) were added to the reaction, the alkylresorcinol 5‐heptadecyl‐4‐methyl‐benzene‐1,3‐diol was synthesized. Further in vitro analysis indicated that FtpA produces an alkylresorcylic acid as the direct product, and that this decarboxylates to alkylresorcinol nonenzymatically. This is the first report of a FAAL supplying a long‐chain fatty acyl‐ACP starter substrate to a type III PKS.
Employee Identities in Corporate Codes of Ethics: The Equal, Responsible, Subordinating, and Self‐Monitoring Employee
Authors: Winkler Ingo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article invites the reader to engage in a critical perspective. It emphasizes the role of language in formal corporate documents and the discursive practices of language use. It presents the results of a study that analyzes the corporate codes of ethics of the German Dax30‐companies. The study conceives codes of ethics as texts deploying discursive practices in order to position the various actors addressed in the documents. Four distinct identities have been elaborated: the equal, the responsible, the subordinating, and the self‐monitoring employee. This study demonstrates that codes of ethics propose various subject positions of the employee and through this positioning aim to regulate the identification processes. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimised composite numerical schemes in 2‐D for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Appadu A.R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYOne of the techniques available for optimising parameters that regulate dispersion and dissipation effects in finite difference schemes is the concept of minimised integrated exponential error for low dispersion and low dissipation. In this paper, we work essentially with the two‐dimensional (2D) Corrected Lax–Friedrichs and Lax–Friedrichs schemes applied to the 2D scalar advection equation. We examine the shock‐capturing properties of these two numerical schemes, and observe that these methods are quite effective from the point of being able to control computational noise and having a large range of stability. To improve the shock‐capturing efficiency of these two methods, we derive composite methods using the idea of predictor/corrector or a linear combination of the two schemes. The optimal cfl number for some of these composite schemes are computed. Some numerical experiments are carried out in two dimensions such as cylindrical explosion, shock‐focusing, dam‐break and Riemann gas dynamics tests. The modified equations of some of the composite schemes when applied to the 2D scalar advection equation are obtained. We also perform some convergence tests to obtain the order of accuracy and show that better results in terms of shock‐capturing property are obtained when the optimal cfl obtained using minimised integrated exponential error for low dispersion and low dissipation is used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of multifluid flows
Authors: Shao Songdong 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents an incompressible SPH (ISPH) technique to simulate multifluid flows. The SPH method is a mesh‐free particle modeling approach that can treat free surfaces and multi‐interfaces in a simple and efficient manner. The ISPH method employs an incompressible hydrodynamic formulation to solve the fluid pressure that ensures a stable pressure field. Two multifluid ISPH models are proposed following different interface treatments: the coupled ISPH model does not distinguish the different fluid phases and applies the standard ISPH technique across the interface, whereas the decoupled ISPH model first treats each fluid phase separately and then couples the different phases by applying pressure and shear stress continuities across the interface. The two proposed models were used to investigate a gravity underflow with a low density ratio in a Generalized Reservoir Hydrodynamics (GRH) flume and a horizontal lock exchange flow with a high density ratio. Comparisons with data and relevant numerical error analysis indicated that the decoupled model performed well in cases of both low and high density ratios because of the accurate treatment of interface boundaries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton‐coupled electron transfer of the phenoxyl/phenol couple: Effect of Hartree‐Fock exchange on transition structures
Authors: Inagaki Taichi , Yamamoto Takeshi , Kato Shigeki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractProton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions of the phenoxyl/phenol couple are studied theoretically by using wave function theory (WFT) as well as DFT methods. At the complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) level, geometry optimization is found to give two transition states (TSs); one is the PCET type with two benzene rings being nearly coplanar, and the other is the HAT type with two benzene rings taking a stacking structure. Geometry optimization at the (semilocal) DFT level, on the other hand, is found to give only one transition state (i.e., the PCET‐type one) and fail to obtain the stacking TS structure. By comparing various levels of theories (including long‐range corrected DFT functionals), we demonstrate that the Hartree‐Fock exchange at long range plays a critical role in obtaining the sufficient stacking stabilization of the present open‐shell system, and that the sole addition of empirical dispersion correction to semilocal DFT functionals may not be adequate for describing such a stacking interaction. Next, we investigate the solvent effect on the PCET and HAT TS thus obtained using the reference interaction site model self‐consistent field (RISM‐SCF) method. The results suggest that the free energy barrier increases with increasing polarity of the solvent, and that the solvent effects are stronger for the PCET TS than the stacking HAT TS pathway. The reason for this is discussed based on the dipole moment of different TS structures in solution. Copyright for JCC Journal: © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Aluminium–phosphorus interactions in plants growing on acid soils: does phosphorus always alleviate aluminium toxicity?
Authors: Chen Rong Fu , Zhang Fu Lin , Zhang Qi Ming , Sun Qing Bin , Dong Xiao Ying , Shen Ren Fang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity and phosphorus (P) deficiency are considered to be the main constraints for crop production in acid soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Conventionally, P addition is regarded as capable of alleviating Al toxicity in plants. However, this field is still rife with unsubstantiated theories, especially for different plant species growing on acid soils. In this review, the responses of plants to different methods of AlP treatments are briefly summarized, and possible reasons are proposed by considering recent results from our laboratory. It is shown that: (1) long‐term AlP alternate treatment is advantageous for studying AlP interactions in plants; (2) under the long‐term AlP alternate treatment, the roles of P in Al phytotoxicity might be associated with the Al resistance capability and P use efficiency of the plant, and a P/Al molar ratio exceeding 5 in roots may be the threshold of P alleviating Al toxicity based on the calculation of the tested plants; (3) in acid soils, P application may be effective only after Al stress is overcome for Al–sensitive species. Thus it is concluded that P application does not always alleviate Al toxicity under long‐term AlP alternate treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Prolonged grief among traumatically bereaved relatives exposed and not exposed to a tsunami
Authors: Johannesson Kerstin Bergh , Lundin Tom , Hultman Christina M. , Fröjd Thomas , Michel Per‐Olof 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNumerous studies on the mental health consequences of traumatic exposure to a disaster compare those exposed to those not exposed. Relatively few focus on the effect of the death of a close relative caused by the disaster—suffering a traumatic bereavement. This study compared the impact on 345 participants who lost a close relative in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, but who were themselves not present, to 141 who not only lost a relative, but also were themselves exposed to the tsunami. The focus was on psychological distress assessed during the second year after the sudden bereavement. Findings were that exposure to the tsunami was associated with prolonged grief (B = 3.81) and posttraumatic stress reactions (B = 6.65), and doubled the risk for impaired mental health. Loss of children increased the risk for psychological distress (prolonged grief: B = 6.92; The Impact of Event Scale‐Revised: B = 6.10; General Health Questionnaire‐12: OR = 2.34). Women had a higher frequency of prolonged grief. For men, loss of children presented a higher risk for prolonged grief in relation to other types of bereavement (B = 6.36 vs. loss of partner). Further long‐term follow‐up could deepen the understanding of how recovery after traumatic loss is facilitated.
PEGylated Anti‐MUC1 Aptamer‐Doxorubicin Complex for Targeted Drug Delivery to MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Tan Lihan , Neoh Koon Gee , Kang En‐Tang , Choe Woo Seok , Su Xiaodi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTargeted drug delivery is especially important in cancer treatment as many anti‐cancer drugs are non‐specific and highly toxic to both cancer and normal cells. The targeted drug delivery of DOX to the MUC1‐expressing breast cancer cell line (MCF7) was obtained using APT as a carrier. Modification of the APT‐DOX complex by PEG increases the survivability of the macrophage control (RAW 264.7) by about six‐fold as compared to free DOX treatment without significantly affecting the cytotoxicity toward the target cell line. Thus, PEG‐APT‐DOX is potentially a new therapeutic agent for targeted drug delivery to MUC1‐expressing cell lines.magnified image
Electrostatic Similarity Determination Using Multiresolution Analysis
Authors: Hakkoymaz Huseyin , Kieslich Chris A. , Jr. Ronald D. Gorham , Gunopulos Dimitrios , Morikis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMolecular similarity is an important tool in protein and drug design for analyzing the quantitative relationships between physicochemical properties of two molecules. We present a family of similarity measures which exploits the ability of wavelet transformation to analyze the spectral components of physicochemical properties and suggests a sensitive way for measuring similarities of biological molecules. In order to investigate how effective wavelet‐based similarity measures were against conventional measures, we defined several patterns which involve scalar or topological changes in the distribution of electrostatic properties. The wavelet‐based measures were more successful in discriminating these patterns in contrast to the current state‐of‐art similarity measures. We also present the validity of wavelet‐based similarity measures through the hierarchical clustering of two protein datasets consisting of families of homologous domains and alanine scan mutants. This type of similarity analysis is useful for protein structure‐function studies and protein design.
AMBIT‐SMARTS: Efficient Searching of Chemical Structures and Fragments
Authors: Jeliazkova Nina , Kochev Nikolay 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present new developments in the AMBIT open source software package for efficient searching of chemical structures and structural fragments. AMBIT‐SMARTS is a Java based software built on top of The Chemistry Development Kit. The AMBIT‐SMARTS parser implements the entire SMARTS language specification with several syntax extensions that enable support for custom modifications introduced by third party software packages such as OpenEye, MOE and OpenBabel. The goal of yet another open‐source SMARTS parser implementation is to achieve better performance and compatibility with multiple existing flavours of the SMARTS language, as well as to provide utilities for running efficient SMARTS queries in large structural databases. We describe a combination of approaches towards lowering the computational cost and improving the response time of substructure queries. An exhaustive comparison of the AMBIT algorithm with several subgraph isomorphism implementations is performed. To demonstrate the performance of the entire system from an end‐user point of view, response time statistics for Web service substructure search queries against a database of 4.5 M structures are also reported. The package has wide applicability in the implementation of various chemoinformatics tasks. It has already been used in several projects dealing with descriptor calculation and predictive algorithms, database queries, web applications and web services.