bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do transformational leaders foster positive employee outcomes? A self‐determination‐based analysis of employees' needs as mediating links
Authors: Kovjanic Snjezana , Schuh Sebastian C. , Jonas Klaus , Quaquebeke Niels Van , van Dick Rolf 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAlthough followers' needs are a central aspect of transformational leadership theory, little is known about their role as mediating mechanisms for this leadership style. The present research thus seeks to integrate and extend theorizing on transformational leadership and self‐determination. In particular, we propose that the satisfaction of followers' basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee outcomes (job satisfaction, self‐efficacy, and commitment to the leader). We tested this model in two studies involving employees from a broad spectrum of organizations in Germany (N = 410) and in Switzerland (N = 442). Results revealed largely consistent patterns across both studies. The need for competence fulfillment solely mediated the link between transformational leadership and occupational self‐efficacy; the need for relatedness fulfillment solely mediated the link between transformational leadership and commitment to the leader. The mediating pattern for the link between transformational leadership and job satisfaction varied slightly across studies. In Study 1, only the need for autonomy fulfillment was a significant mediator, whereas in Study 2, all three needs mediated this relationship. Taken together, our study integrates theorizing on transformational leadership and self‐determination by corroborating that need fulfillment indeed is a central mechanism behind transformational leadership. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and immune activation potentials of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus niruri
Authors: Amin Zahra A , Abdulla Mahmood A , Ali Hapipah M , Alshawsh Mohammed A , Qadir Suhailah W 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently much attention has been paid to biologically active plants because of their low production cost and fewer adverse effects compared with chemical drugs. In the present investigation the bioactivity of Phyllanthus niruri ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated in vitro.RESULTS: The ethanol extract of P. niruri showed a high level of flavonoid content (123.9 ± 0.002 mg g−1), while the aqueous extract showed the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC506.85 ± 1.80 µmol L−1) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 46.44 ± 0.53 µmol L−1) free radical scavenging activities with high phenol content (376 ± 0.02 mg g−1) and elevated levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 23 883 ± 0.019 mmol g−1) with excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm inhibition zone) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12 mm inhibition zone), respectively, in addition to the best immune activation potential of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (450.5%).CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from our results that both extracts of P. niruri has excellent bioactivity roles via elevated levels of antibacterial, antioxidant and percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, which could lead to the development of medications for clinical use. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of ripening stage and cultivation system on the total antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of yellow passion fruit pulp
Authors: Macoris Mariana S , De Marchi Renata , Janzantti Natália S , Monteiro Magali 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work aimed to investigate the influence of both ripening stage and cultivation system on the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of passion fruit pulp. TPC extraction was optimized using a 23 central composed design. The variables were fruit pulp volume, methanol volume and extraction solution volume. TPC was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reaction, and TAA using the ABTS radical reaction.RESULTS: The conditions to extract TPC were 2 mL passion fruit pulp and 9 mL extraction solution containing 40% methanol:water (v/v). TPC values increased in the passion fruit pulp during ripening for both cultivation systems, ranging from 281.8 to 361.9 mg gallic acid L−1 (P⩽0.05) for the organic pulp and from 291.0 to 338.6 mg gallic acid L−1 (P⩽0.05) for the conventional pulp.CONCLUSION: TPC values increased during ripening for both organic and conventional passion fruit. The same was true for TAA values for conventional passion fruit. For organic passion fruit, however, TAA values were highest at the initial ripening stages. These results suggest that antioxidant compounds exert strong influence on the initial ripening stages for organic passion fruit, when TPC still did not reach its maximum level. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Perioperative mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: McNally Megan E. , Malhotra Lavina , Bloomston Mark , Schmidt Carl R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroductionMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a conglomerate of diseases in which bone marrow‐derived cells die before or shortly after entering circulation. We sought to define the perioperative mortality in MDS patients.MethodsWe reviewed our experience of all persons treated for MDS at our institution over the past 15 years. Demographic and survival information were collected, and those who underwent any procedure requiring general anesthesia were defined as the operative subgroup.ResultsOf 169 patients identified, 39 (23%) were in the operative subgroup. The median survival was 17.8 months. The mortality rate for the operative group was 23% (N = 9) and 30.8% (N = 12) at 30 and 60 days post‐procedure. Twenty‐three patients (59%) had an urgent/emergent indication for operation, which was associated with higher 60‐day mortality (N = 12, 48%) compared to those with elective indications (N = 1, 7%) (P = 0.037, Chi‐square). Several other factors (age, gender, International Prognostic Score, MDACC score, and major/minor procedure type) were not associated with perioperative mortality.ConclusionOutcomes in MDS patients are poor with expected survival less than 2 years and high postoperative mortality in the setting of urgent/emergent operations. While maybe not prohibitive, we believe it is an imperative part of the informed consent process particularly for urgent/emergent procedures. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:46–50. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perioperative change in peripheral blood monocyte count may predict prognosis in patients with colorectal liver metastasis after hepatic resection
Authors: Haruki Koichiro , Shiba Hiroaki , Fujiwara Yuki , Furukawa Kenei , Wakiyama Shigeki , Ogawa Masaichi , Ishida Yuichi , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic value of perioperative change in peripheral blood leukocyte subset count of cancer patients have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the relation between perioperative change in peripheral blood monocyte count and disease‐free as well as overall survival after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).MethodsThe subjects were 64 patients who underwent hepatic resection for CRLM between January 2000 and December 2008. We retrospectively investigated the relation between perioperative change in peripheral blood monocyte count and disease‐free as well as overall survival.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, more than four lymph node metastases (P = 0.0298) and extrahepatic disease (P = 0.0423) were significant predictors of disease‐free survival, while significant predictor of overall survival were more than four lymph node metastases (P = 0.0011), bilobar disease (P = 0.0024), and increase in perioperative monocyte less than twice (P = 0.0029). Morover, increase in perioperative monocyte of less than twice positively correlated with intraoperative blood transfusion.ConclusionsPerioperative change in peripheral blood monocyte count is an independent risk factor for overall survival after hepatic resection for CRLM, and may reflect immunosuppressive state. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:31–35. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active flow management in preparative chromatographic separations: A preliminary investigation into enhanced separation using a curtain flow inlet fitting and segmented flow outlet fitting
Authors: Camenzuli Michelle , Ritchie Harald J. , Ladine James R. , Shalliker R. Andrew 
Published: January 2012

AbstractActive flow management in the form of curtain flow sample introduction and segmented outlet flow control has been shown to enable sample to elute through a chromatography column under the principles of the “infinite diameter column”. Such an elution process avoids the detrimental effects of the heterogeneity of particle‐packed chromatographic columns by injecting the sample directly into the radial core region of the column, thus avoiding wall effects. The process described herein illustrates how the principles of the infinite diameter column can be applied using conventional injection devices suitable for long‐term analysis that requires robust protocols. Using this approach, sensitivity in separation was 2.5 times greater than conventional chromatography, yielding a product at twice the concentration. Benefits of curtain flow injection are thus relevant to both preparative‐scale and analytical‐scale separations.
Analysis of isoflavones in soybeans employing direct analysis in real‐time ionization–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Lojza Jaromir , Cajka Tomas , Schulzova Vera , Riddellova Katerina , Hajslova Jana 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA direct analysis in real‐time (DART) ion source coupled to a high‐resolution orbitrap mass spectrometer was used for the quantitative analysis of isoflavones isolated from soybeans. For the isolation of genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and their respective acetyl, malonyl, and glucoside forms, an extraction employing 80% aqueous MeOH enhanced by sonication was used. As far as the total isoflavones (expressed as aglycones) were to be determined, an acid hydrolysis with 80% aqueous EtOH and refluxing had to be employed, while in the latter case a good agreement of the results with the data generated by the UHPLC‐orbitrap MS method was achieved, in the case of the analysis of non‐hydrolyzed extracts, some overestimation of the results as compared with those generated by UHPLC‐orbitrap MS was observed. A careful investigation of this phenomenon showed that the free aglycones originated from the conjugated forms of isoflavones in the DART ion source, thus contributing significantly to the “free” genistein/daidzein/glycitein signals during the DART analysis. Good recoveries (95–102%) and repeatabilities (RSD: 7–15%) were obtained at the spiking levels of 0.5, 1, and 0.05 g/kg, for daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, respectively. The limits of detection estimated for the respective analytes were 5 mg/kg.
Modifying the Pores of an Inverse Opal Scaffold With Chitosan Microstructures for Truly Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture
Authors: Zhang Yu , Choi Sung‐Wook , Xia Younan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInverse opal scaffolds have recently emerged as a novel class of scaffolds with uniform and controllable pore sizes for tissue engineering to provide better nutrient transport, a uniform cell distribution, and an adjustable microenvironment for cell differentiation. However, when the pore size of the scaffold is much larger than the dimension of a cell, the cell actually encounters a local 2D environment and the void space associated with the pore can not be efficiently utilized. Here, we demonstrate that a truly 3D microenvironment can be created inside a pore by further functionalizing the as‐prepared inverse opal scaffold with a second polymer by freeze‐drying. The resultant inverse opal scaffold with hierarchically structured pores can enhance both cell proliferation and tissue infiltration.
Prevalence of pain in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review using the modified QUADAS tool
Authors: Broen Martijn P.G. , Braaksma Meriam M. , Patijn J. , Weber Wim E.J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPain has been studied more intensely as a symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent years. However, studies on the characteristics and prevalence of pain in PD have yielded conflicting results, prompting us to do a systematic review of the literature. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, using different databases. The last inclusion date was March 15, 2011. The modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used, which is especially designed for judging prevalence studies on their methodological quality. Only articles that met the predefined criteria were used in this review. We found 18 articles, of which only 8 met the methodological criteria. Prevalence frequency ranges from 40% to 85% with a mean of 67.6%. Pain is most frequently located in the lower limbs, with almost one‐half of all PD patients complaining about musculoskeletal pain (46.4%). The pain fluctuates with on‐off periods. Surprisingly, only 52.4% of PD patients with pain used analgesics, most often nonopioids. PD patients seem to be predisposed to develop pain and physicians should be aware of pain as a common feature of PD. As many as one‐half of PD patients with pain may be missing out on a potentially useful treatment, and proper treatment could increase quality of life in PD patients. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Does cannabis onset trigger cocaine onset? A case‐crossover approach
Authors: O'Brien Megan S. , Comment Leah Andrews , Liang Kung Yee , Anthony James C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPsychiatric researchers tend to select the discordant co‐twin design when they seek to hold constant genetic influence while estimating exposure‐associated disease risk. The epidemiologic case‐crossover research design developed for the past two decades represents a viable alternative, not often seen in psychiatric studies. Here, we turn to the epidemiologic case‐crossover approach to examine the idea that cannabis onset is a proximal trigger for cocaine use, with the power of “subject‐as‐own‐control” research used to hold constant antecedent characteristics of the individual drug user, including genetic influence and other traits experienced up to the time of the observed hazard and control intervals. Data are from newly incident cocaine users identified in the 2002–2006 US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Among these cocaine users, 48 had both cannabis onset and cocaine onset in the same month‐long hazard interval; the expected value is 30 users, based on the control interval we had pre‐specified for case‐crossover estimation (estimated relative risk, RR = 1.6; exact mid‐p = 0.042). Within the framework of a subject‐as‐own‐control design, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that cannabis onset is a proximal trigger for cocaine use, with genetic influences (and many environmental conditions and processes) held constant. Limitations are noted and implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A specific absorption rate prediction concept for parallel transmission MR
Authors: Graesslin Ingmar , Homann Hanno , Biederer Sven , Börnert Peter , Nehrke Kay , Vernickel Peter , Mens Giel , Harvey Paul , Katscher Ulrich 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe specific absorption rate (SAR) is a limiting factor in high‐field MR. SAR estimation is typically performed by numerical simulations using generic human body models. However, SAR concepts for single‐channel radiofrequency transmission cannot be directly applied to multichannel systems. In this study, a novel and comprehensive SAR prediction concept for parallel radiofrequency transmission MRI is presented, based on precalculated magnetic and electric fields obtained from electromagnetic simulations of numerical body models. The application of so‐called Q‐matrices and further computational optimizations allow for a real‐time estimation of the SAR prior to scanning. This SAR estimation method was fully integrated into an eight‐channel whole body MRI system, and it facilitated the selection of different body models and body positions. Experimental validation of the global SAR in phantoms demonstrated a good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the predictions. An initial in vivo validation showed good qualitative agreement between simulated and measured amplitude of (excitation) radiofrequency field. The feasibility and practicability of this SAR prediction concept was shown paving the way for safe parallel radiofrequency transmission in high‐field MR. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional ventilation mapping of the rat lung using hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Couch Marcus J. , Ouriadov Alexei , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLung ventilation was mapped in seven healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats (433 ± 24 g) using hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0 T, and validated with hyperpolarized 3He MRI under similar ventilator conditions. Ventilation maps were obtained using flip angle variation for offset of RF and relaxation (FAVOR) which is a multiple breath imaging technique that extracts the fractional ventilation parameter, r, on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis from the dynamic signal enhancement. r is defined as the fractional refreshment of gas per breath. Under the ventilator conditions used in this work, whole‐lung measurements of fractional ventilation obtained using hyperpolarized 129Xe were not significantly different from those obtained using hyperpolarized 3He (p = 0.8125 by a Wilcoxon matched pairs test). Fractional ventilation gradients calculated in the superior/inferior (S/I) and anterior/posterior (A/P) directions obtained using hyperpolarized 129Xe were not significantly different from those obtained using hyperpolarized 3He (p = 0.9375 and p = 0.1563, for the S/I and A/P directions, respectively). Following baseline fractional ventilation measurements, one representative rat was challenged with methacholine and fractional ventilation measurements were performed over a time course of 10 min. A reduction and subsequent recovery in whole‐lung r values were detected using the FAVOR method. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malignant melanoma as second malignant neoplasm in long‐term childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Braam Katja. I. , Overbeek Annelies , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. , Ronckers Cecile M. , Schouten‐van Meeteren Annette Y.N. , Van Dulmen‐Den Broeder Eline , Veening Margreet A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis systematic review provides information on malignant melanoma as second malignant neoplasm (SMN) after childhood cancer and evaluates its risk factors. Study reports describing incidences of SMN and malignant melanoma as SMN in a population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) were included. Of 151,575 CCS, 4,010 (2.6%) children developed an SMN, 212 of which were melanoma (5.3% or 0.14% of all CCS). The following risk factors for malignant melanoma as SMN were identified: radiotherapy, or the combination alkylating agents and anti‐mitotic drugs. Melanomas are most frequently observed after Hodgkin disease, hereditary retinoblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and gonadal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels in children with newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Schiavetti Amalia , McDowell Heather P. , Conti Laura , Altavista Pierluigi , Antenucci Anna , Pizer Barry , Dominici Carlo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe adverse prognostic impact of elevated levels of circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is described in several malignancies. However, no information is available in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In the present study, serum VEGF‐A (sVEGF‐A) was measured at diagnosis in a series of patients with RMS.ProceduresVEGF‐A was assessed retrospectively in 17 newly diagnosed RMS patients. sVEGF‐A concentrations were determined by quantitative enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent ELISA kit and their possible associations with age at diagnosis, gender, histology, primary site, primary size, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) post‐surgical group, and outcome were investigated.ResultssVEGF‐A median value in patients with RMS was significantly higher than in controls: 499.0 pg/ml, range: 2,648.0 versus 301.5 pg/ml, range: 716.0 (P = 0.013). Although not statistically significant probably due to the limited number of patients, sVEGF‐A median levels resulted higher in unfavorable primary sites (277.0 vs. 539.0 pg/ml; P = 0.31), and advanced groups (390.0 vs. 715.0; P = 0.29). Patients with shorter 5‐year overall survival (OS) and 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) times also had higher sVEGF‐A levels, although again the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18 and P = 0.22, respectively).ConclusionsCirculating VEGF is significantly increased in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed RMS. Further studies in larger series of RMS patients are needed to understand whether measurements of circulating VEGF might have a role in assessing prognosis and modulating treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:627–630. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term graft‐versus‐tumor effect following reduced intensity hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Baek Hee Jo , Han Dong Kyun , Hwang Tai Ju , Bae Sul Hee , Choi Yoo Duk , Kook Hoon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare and different from adult RCC. Although target agents have recently been introduced, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation exploiting graft‐versus‐tumor effect still remains an important treatment option for metastatic RCC. A 2‐year‐old male with RCC developed hepatic metastases 6 months following radical nephrectomy and subsequent cytokine therapy. Allogeneic reduced‐intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST) with early withdrawal of immunosuppression and delayed donor lymphocyte infusions was performed. A second transplantation was undertaken following marrow aplasia. Now he remains progression‐free with regression of hepatic metastases 5.7 years after RIST, along with complete donor chimerism. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:583–585. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.