bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of GRI G3 Application Levels: The Case of the Fortune Global 500
Authors: Legendre Stéphane , Coderre François 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are to analyze the determinants for the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 guidelines and GRI G3 application levels (undeclared, C, C+, B, B+, A, A+). Content analysis of the 2009 sustainability reports published by the world's 500 largest companies (Fortune Global 500) was conducted. Based on legitimacy theory and signalling theory, the study yielded two main findings. First, the binary logistic regression reveals that the adoption of GRI G3 guidelines is influenced by company size, profitability, business culture of a country, and industry. These results are consistent with past research on the factors influencing sustainability reporting. Second, the ordinal logistic regression shows that the GRI G3 application level is influenced by the industry in which a firm operates but not by company size, profitability or business culture of a country. In high‐risk industries, the GRI G3 application level is more likely to be considered as a signal to manage the reputational risk of the companies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On the delay of single‐electron logic devices
Authors: Hoekstra J. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYRecent research on the modeling of switching speed in single‐electron tunneling (SET) logic devices suggests that the delay in SET logic devices increases with a decreasing number of electrons involved in the logic operation. This result is based on the stochastic model of a sequence of tunnel events and on the so‐called orthodox theory (OT) of single electronics. In fact, it predicts that the SET gate delay in really single‐electron logic gates (those in which the logic operation is performed by a SET event) is significantly degraded and might even rule out such logic. However, as is shown in this paper, the results are only a consequence of the modeling of SET devices with the OT, not of the applied correct statistical simulation model. If we combine this stochastic model and the modeling of SET devices with the impulse circuit model, this degradation does not appear, due to continuous charging of the tunneling junction. And SET logic operations might be still possible for real single‐electron logic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malononitrile‐Assisted Highly Chemoselective Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Conjugate Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Shang Jun‐Yan , Li Fei , Bai Xing‐Feng , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Yang Ke‐Fang , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA very simple, direct, bismuth‐catalyzed conjugate reduction protocol that allows for the catalytic regioselective formation of substituted ketones from enones under mild conditions has been developed. We have shown for the first time that the combined poly(methylhydro)siloxane‐malononitrile system can serve as an efficient reductant/reagent in 1,4‐conjugate reduction of enones. The regioselectivity, efficiencies, and experimental simplicity of the present method complements the more complex methods previously employed in copper or palladium‐catalyzed reduction. This method should prove attractive because of its mild reaction conditions and the interesting chemistry of combining the use of poly(methylhydro)siloxane and malononitrile for selective reduction.
Thermal and mechanical properties of light‐weight concrete exposed to high temperature
Authors: Felicetti Roberto , Gambarova Pietro G. , Bamonte Patrick 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe extensive studies devoted so far to normal‐strength light‐weight aggregate concrete (LWAC or LWC) have exhaustively clarified its behaviour in ordinary conditions. However, the introduction of high‐performance light‐weight aggregate concrete (HPLWAC or HPLWC), containing such pozzolanic components as microsilica and fly ash, raises some concerns, for instance about the behaviour at high temperature and after cooling. To investigate the temperature‐induced mechanical damage, both in compression and tension, of silica‐fume HPLWCs, a systematic research program was carried out at the Politecnico di Milano on materials residual behaviour (testing after cooling down to room temperature). Three concrete mixes (Normal‐Strength Concrete = NSC, fc20 = 30 MPa; Light‐Weight Concrete = LWC, fc20 ≈ 40 MPa; and High‐Performance Light‐Weight Concrete = HPLWC, fc20 ≈ 60 MPa), five temperature levels (20, 105, 250, 500 and 750 °C, no loads applied during heating), one thermal state (after cooling), three nominally‐equal tests for each case (for repeatability) were planned, bringing the total number of specimens to 120 (45 tested in compression, 45 in direct tension and 30 in indirect tension by splitting). At the same time, the thermal diffusivity of the materials was evaluated up to 750 °C (4 specimens). The results show that HPLWC is somewhat more temperature‐sensitive than both NSC and LWC, but this extra sensitivity is counterbalanced by HPLWC's lower diffusivity. Its better insulation properties are advantageous for the concrete in axially‐loaded members and for the tension bars in the beams, as demonstrated by the thermo‐mechanical analyses of three typical R/C sections (rectangular, T and slab sections) carried out in the second part of the paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimodal optical imaging with multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tang Shuo , Zhou Yifeng , Ju Myeong Jin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo types of combined multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence tomography (MPM/OCT) are compared for multimodal optical imaging. Single‐scale multiphoton microscopy and optical coherence microscopy (MPM/OCM) is shown to acquire multiple contrasts from MPM and OCT simultaneously. Multi‐scale MPM/OCT is shown to provide multiple field‐of‐views (FOVs), where OCT provides tissue level imaging and MPM provides cellular level imaging. In both types, the MPM includes two channels which are two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Representative images using each system are demonstrated on biological specimens. A detailed comparison of the two types of MPM/OCT shows that each system has its own pros and cons. MPM/OCM is high‐resolution but with limited FOV, and OCM may or may not provide additional information than MPM depending on the samples. Multi‐scale MPM/OCT can change FOV but need both low and high NA objectives. For future development, the two types of MPM/OCT can be further integrated to achieve both functions on a single system. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intercoupling surface plasmon resonance and diffusion reflection measurements for real‐time cancer detection
Authors: Ankri Rinat , Meiri Amihai , Lau Shemuel I. , Motiei Menachem , Popovtzer Rachela , Fixler Dror 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpatial diffusion reflection (DR) measurements of gold nanorods (GNR) were recently suggested as a simple and highly sensitive non‐invasive and non‐ionizing method for real‐time cancer detection. In this paper we demonstrate that wavelength dependent DR measurements enable the spectral red‐shift observation of highly concentrated GNR. By conjugating targeting moieties to the GNR, large density of GNR can specifically home onto cancer cells. The inter‐particle plasmon resonance pattern of the highly concentrated GNR leads to an extension and a red‐shift (Δλ) in the absorption spectrum of the concentrated GNR. Dark‐field microscopy was used in order to measure the expected Δλ in different GNR concentrations in vitro. Double‐wavelength DR measurements of tissue‐like phantoms and tumor bearing mice containing different GNR concentrations are presented. We show that the DR profile of the highly concentrated GNR directly correlate with the spectral extension and red‐shift. This presented work suggests that wavelength dependent DR method can serve as a promising tool for real‐time superficial tumor detection. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of the mass, length, center of mass, and principal moment of inertia of body segments in adult males of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) and green, or carolina, anole (Anolis carolinensis)
Authors: Legreneur Pierre , Homberger Dominique G. , Bels Vincent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study provides a morphometric data set of body segments that are biomechanically relevant for locomotion in two ecomorphs of adult male anoles, namely, the trunk‐ground Anolis sagrei and the trunk‐crown Anolis carolinensis. For each species, 10 segments were characterized, and for each segment, length, mass, location of the center of mass, and radius of gyration were measured or calculated, respectively. The radii of gyration were computed from the moments of inertia by using the double swing pendulum method. The trunk‐ground A. sagrei has relatively longer and stockier hindlimbs and forelimbs with smaller body than A. carolinensis. These differences between the two ecomorphs demonstrated a clear relationship between morphology and performance, particularly in the context of predator avoidance behavior, such as running or jumping in A. sagrei and crypsis in A. carolinensis. Our results provide new perspectives on the mechanism of adaptive radiation as the limbs of the two species appear to scale via linear factors and, therefore, may also provide explanations for the mechanism of evolutionary changes of structures within an ecological context. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GC‐MSn and LC‐MS/MS couplings for the identification of degradation products resulting from the ozonation treatment of Acetochlor
Authors: Bouchonnet Stéphane , Bourcier Sophie , Souissi Yasmine , Genty Christophe , Sablier Michel , Roche Pascal , Boireau Véronique , Ingrand Valérie 
Published: March 2012

The degradation of the chloracetamide herbicide acetochlor has been studied under simulated ozonation treatment plant conditions. The degradation of acetochlor included the formation of several degradation products that were identified using GC/ion‐trap mass spectrometry with EI and CI and HPLC/electrospray‐QqTOF mass spectrometry. Thirteen ozonation products of acetochlor have been identified. Ozonation of the deuterated herbicide combined to MSn and high‐resolution mass measurement allowed effective characterization of the degradation products. At the exception of one of them, the product B (2‐chloro‐2', ethyl‐6', methyl‐acetanilide), none of the identified degradation products has been already reported in the literature.Post‐ozonation kinetics studies revealed that the concentrations of most degradation products evolved noticeably with time, particularly during the first hours following the ozonation treatment. This raises concerns about the fate of degradation products in the effluents of treatment plants and suggests the need for a better control on these products if their toxicity was demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platinum‐Based Poly(Aryleneethynylene) Polymers Containing Thiazolothiazole Group with High Hole Mobilities for Field‐Effect Transistor Applications
Authors: Yan Lei , Zhao Yan , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Xing‐Zhu , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Liu Yunqi , Wu Weiping , Xiao Qingzhen , Wang Guo , Zhou Xuan , Zeng Wei , Li Chengxi , Wang Xiaoyu , Wu Hongbin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo solution‐processable platinum‐acetylide polymers functionalized with the electron‐deficient thiazolothiazole spacer are synthesized and show absorption features spanning from 320 to 600 nm and optical bandgaps of 2.15 and 2.05 eV. The spin‐coated polymer thin films of both materials exhibit p‐channel field‐effect charge transport characteristics with impressive peak field‐effect charge‐carrier mobilities of (2.1–2.8) × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratios of (0.8–1.0) × 105 for the holes. The high hole mobility value reported for one of the polymers is among the highest reported for metallopolyynes to date. It is also shown that the hole mobility can be notably increased by extending the conjugation length of the chain from the monothienyl to the bithienyl segment on each side of the thiazolothiazole ring.
A direct complementarity approach for the elastoplastic analysis of plane stress and plane strain structures
Authors: Tangaramvong S. , Tin‐Loi F. , Song Ch. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a direct complementarity approach for carrying out the elastoplastic analysis of plane stress and plane strain structures. Founded on a traditional finite‐step formulation, our approach, however, avoids the typically cumbersome implementation of iterative predictor–corrector procedures associated with the ubiquitous return mapping algorithm. Instead, at each predefined step, the governing formulation—cast in its most natural mathematical programming format known as a mixed complementarity problem—is directly solved by using a complementarity solver run from within a mathematical modeling system. We have chosen the industry‐standard General Algebraic Modeling System/PATH mixed complementarity problem solver that is called from within the General Algebraic Modeling System environment. We consider both von Mises and Tresca materials, with perfect or hardening (kinematic and isotropic) behaviors. Our numerical tests, five (benchmark) examples of which are presented in this paper, have been carried out using models constructed from the mixed finite element of Capsoni and Corradi (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1997; 141:67–93), which beneficially offers a locking‐free behavior and coarse‐mesh accuracy. The results indicate, in addition to an isochoric locking‐free behavior, good accuracy and the ability to circumvent the difficult singularity problem associated with the corners of Tresca yield surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A back propagation through time‐like min–max optimal control algorithm for nonlinear systems
Authors: Milić Vladimir , Kasać Josip , Majetić Dubravko 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a conjugate gradient‐based algorithm for feedback min–max optimal control of nonlinear systems. The algorithm has a backward‐in‐time recurrent structure similar to the back propagation through time (BPTT) algorithm. The control law is given as the output of the one‐layer NN. Main contribution of the paper includes the integration of BPTT techniques, conjugate gradient methods, Adams method for solving ODEs and automatic differentiation, to provide an effective, numerically robust algorithm for solving optimal min–max control problems. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a robotic system with two DOFs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effectiveness of statin plus fibrate combination therapy and statin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: use of propensity‐score and instrumental variable methods to adjust for treatment‐selection bias
Authors: Suh Hae Sun , Hay Joel W. , Johnson Kathleen A. , Doctor Jason N. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeType 2 diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The comparative effectiveness of statin plus fibrate combination therapy and statin monotherapy in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease in real‐world settings is unknown.MethodsA retrospective database analysis was performed using a large managed care claims database of patients identified with type 2 diabetes based on diagnosis codes from January 2002 through December 2003 and continuously enrolled for the entire study period, 5.5 years. A statin plus fibrate combination therapy group (patients who used statins less than 6 months and augmented with fibrates for more than 6 months) and a statin monotherapy group (patients who used statins persistently) among patients with type 2 diabetes were followed for 3 years to examine the relationship between the intervention and cardiovascular events using a multivariable logistic regression model, propensity score method, and instrumental variable approach.ResultsThe statin plus fibrate combination therapy group of 318 and the statin monotherapy group of 9928 were identified from 75 515 diabetics. After adjusting for factors that can impact cardiovascular outcomes, the combination therapy group did not significantly experience a reduction in cardiovascular disease, as compared with the statin monotherapy group (OR = 0.77; p = 0.083). The statin plus fibrate combination therapy group was significantly associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events after propensity matching (OR = 0.53; p = 0.002). Using the physician prescribing preference instrument to adjust for unmeasured confounding, we did not find evidence that subjects in the statin plus fibrate combination therapy group versus stain monotherapy group experienced a significant reduction in cardiovascular events (p = 0.124).ConclusionsWe did not find a difference in effectiveness regarding cardiovascular outcomes between the statin plus fibrate combination therapy and the statin monotherapy after controlling for hidden bias. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of thiol‐ene click chemistry to preparation of functional polyethylene with high molecular weight and high polar group content: Influence of thiol structure and vinyl type on reactivity
Authors: Hong Miao , Liu San‐Rong , Li Bai‐Xiang , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of functional polyethylenes have been simply and efficiently synthesized via the combination of regioselective ethylene/5‐vinyl‐2‐norbornene (VNB) copolymerization using [PhNC(CF3)CHCO(Ph)]2TiCl2 catalyst and following ultraviolet light initiated thiol‐ene click reaction. On treatment of ethylene/VNB copolymer with different thiols including mercaptoethanol, 1‐thioglycerol, methyl mercaptoacetate, methyl mercaptopropionate, 2‐mercaptoethylamine, mercaptoacetic acid, and mercaptopropanoic acid, various polar groups have been successfully introduced into the polyethylene. Except 2‐mercaptoethylamine, the functionalizations are quite efficient with the degree of functionalization higher than 94%, which is independent of thiol structure and double bond content. The content of polar group in functional polyethylene can be tuned in a wide range of 0–30 mol %. Gel permeation chromatography profiles indicate all functional polyethylenes that have very high molecular weights (160–336 kg/mol) with homogeneous formation. Besides, systematic investigation of the influence of vinyl type and thiol structure on reactivity has been also carried out. By treatment of mercaptoethanol with different copolymers (ethylene/VNB, ethylene/5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene, and ethylene/dicyclopentadiene copolymer), the order of vinyl reactivity can be summarized as terminal > internal > cyclic double bond. For different thiols, the reactivity has the sequence of SHCH2COOH > SHCH2COOCH3 > SHCH2CH2COOH > SHCH2CH2COOCH3 > SHCH2CH(OH)CH2OH > SHCH2CH2OH > SHCH2CH2NH2, which is depended on the solubility and the electron‐withdrawing inductive effect of polar group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Naphthodioxinone‐1,3‐benzodioxole as photochemically masked one‐component type II photoinitiator for free radical polymerization
Authors: Kumbaraci Volkan , Aydogan Binnur , Talinli Naciye , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 1,3‐benzodioxole derivative of naphthodioxinone, namely 2‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐9‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐naphtho[2,3‐d][1,3]dioxin‐4‐one was synthesized and characterized. Its capability to act as caged one‐component Type II photoinitiator for free radical polymerization was examined. Upon irradiation, this photoinitiator releases 5‐benzoyl‐1,3‐benzodioxole possessing both benzophenone and 1,3‐dioxole groups in the structure as light absorbing and hydrogen donating sites, respectively. Subsequent photoexcitation of the benzophenone chromophore followed by hydrogen abstraction generates radicals capable of initiating free radical polymerization of appropriate monomers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
On supermembrane supercurrent and special minimal supergravity
Authors: Bandos I.A. , Meliveo C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this contribution we review recent progress in studying the superfield Lagrangian description of the interacting system of D = 4 𝒩 = 1 supergravity (SUGRA) and supermembrane in the frame of Wess–Zumino superfield approach. The off‐shell formulation of simple SUGRA by Ovrut and Waldram, which we prefer to call `special minimal supergravity', is appropriate for this purpose. We discuss the superfield form of this formulation, showing how the basic variations of minimal SUGRA are restricted by the conditions of the existence of a three‐form potential C3 in its superspace. We also describe the effect of dynamical generation of cosmological constant, known to be characteristic for this formulation of SUGRA, in its superfield form, and notice that the same effect had been found by Ogievetsky and Sokatchev in their formulation of SUGRA as a theory of axial vector superfield. We vary the supermembrane action with respect to the special minimal SUGRA superfields (basic variations) and obtain the supercurrent superfields as well as the supergravity superfield equations with the supermembrane contributions.
Polarized electroluminescence from silicon nanostructures
Authors: Bagraev Nikolay , Danilovsky Eduard , Gets Dmitry , Klyachkin Leonid , Kudryavtsev Andrey , Kuzmin Roman , Malyarenko Anna , Mashkov Vladimir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present the first findings of the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) from silicon nanostructures which are the p‐type ultra‐narrow silicon quantum well (Si‐QW) confined by δ‐barriers heavily doped with boron. The CPEL dependences on the forward current and lateral electric field show the circularly polarized light emission which appears to be caused by the exciton recombination through the negative‐U dipole boron centers at the Si‐QW–δ‐barriers interface with the assistance of phosphorus donors. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of new monomers and oligomers containing pyrimidine core
Authors: Abashev Georgiy , Sosnin Evgeniy , Shklyaeva Elena , Ustalova Tatiana , Osorgina Irina , Romanova Valentina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere has been prepared and eletro(spectroelectro)chemically studied a series of new pyrimidine‐based monomers and polymers containing carbazole moieties. The electrochemically obtained films were found to become reversibly green‐colored under the influence of an applied anodic potential. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anomalous dielectric behaviour and thermal motion of water molecules incorporated in porous crystals
Authors: Zhou Biao , Kobayashi Akiko , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Long La‐Sheng , Kobayashi Hayao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBy combining physical measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the dielectric properties of guest water molecules confined in the channels of porous coordination polymer crystals. [Ln2Cu3(IDA)6] · n H2O (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, Er; IDA = [NH(CH2COO)2]2‐; n ≈ 9) exhibited large dielectric constants (ε) and antiferroelectric behaviours at high temperatures. In particular, ε of [Sm2Cu3(IDA)6] · n H2O became as large as 1300 at around 400 K. In addition, the crystals exhibited broad dielectric peaks at around 170 K below which ε became very small, indicating the freezing of the positional freedom of guest water molecules. The dielectric constants of [Cu(IN)2] · n H2O (IN = (C6H4NO2)‐) also increased fairly rapidly with temperature, which attributed to the melting of the hydrogen‐bonded water chain system. These temperature dependences of ε were consistent with the results of MD simulation (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)