bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No antagonism or cross-resistance and a high barrier to the emergence of resistance
in vitro
for the combination of islatravir and lenacapavir
Authors: Diamond Tracy L. , Goh Shih Lin , Ngo Winnie , Rodriguez Silveria , Xu Min , Klein Daniel J. , Grobler Jay A. , Asante-Appiah Ernest 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Islatravir (ISL) is a deoxyadenosine analog that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcription by multiple mechanisms. Lenacapavir (LEN) is a novel capsid inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 at multiple stages throughout the viral life cycle. ISL and LEN are being investigated as once-weekly combination oral therapy for the treatment of HIV-1. Here, we characterized ISL and LEN
in vitro
to assess combinatorial antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, and the potential for interactions between the two compounds. Bliss analysis revealed ISL with LEN demonstrated additive inhibition of HIV-1 replication, with no evidence of antagonism across the range of concentrations tested. ISL exhibited potent antiviral activity against variants encoding known LEN resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) with or without the presence of M184V, an ISL RAM in reverse transcriptase (RT) . Static resistance selection experiments were conducted with ISL and LEN alone and in combination, initiating with either wild-type virus or virus containing the M184I RAM in RT to further assess their barrier to the emergence of resistance. The combination of ISL with LEN more effectively suppressed viral breakthrough at lower multiples of the compounds’ IC
50
(half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values and fewer mutations emerged with the combination compared to either compound on its own. The known pathways for development of resistance with ISL and LEN were not altered, and no novel single mutations emerged that substantially reduced susceptibility to either compound. The lack of antagonism and cross-resistance between ISL and LEN support the ongoing evaluation of the combination for treatment of HIV-1.
Gene essentiality in the solventogenic
Clostridium acetobutylicum
DSM 792
Authors: Delarouzée Alexandre , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas , Baum Chloé , Wasels François 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Clostridium acetobutylicum
is a solventogenic, anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that is commonly considered the model organism for studying acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. The need to produce these chemicals sustainably and with a minimal impact on the environment has revived the interest in research on this bacterium. The recent development of efficient genetic tools allows to better understand the physiology of this micro-organism, aiming at improving its fermentation capacities. Knowledge about gene essentiality would guide the future genetic editing strategies and support the understanding of crucial cellular functions in this bacterium. In this work, we applied a transposon insertion site sequencing method to generate large mutant libraries containing millions of independent mutants that allowed us to identify a core group of 418 essential genes needed for
in vitro
development. Future research on this significant biocatalyst will be guided by the data provided in this work, which will serve as a valuable resource for the community.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridium acetobutylicum
is a leading candidate to synthesize valuable compounds like three and four carbons alcohols. Its ability to convert carbohydrates into a mixture of acetone, butanol, and ethanol as well as other chemicals of interest upon genetic engineering makes it an advantageous organism for the valorization of lignocellulose-derived sugar mixtures. Since, genetic optimization depends on the fundamental insights supplied by accurate gene function assignment, gene essentiality analysis is of great interest as it can shed light on the function of many genes whose functions are still to be confirmed. The data obtained in this study will be of great value for the research community aiming to develop
C. acetobutylicum
as a platform organism for the production of chemicals of interest.
Draft genome of
Pseudomonas
sp. XK-1, a marine bacterium capable of degrading lignin and Mn(II) oxidation
Authors: Wang Xukang , Pan Haixia , Zhou Hao , Feng Zhongqing , Li Ang , Guan Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of marine bacteria,
Pseudomonas
sp. XK-1. Strain XK-1 could facilitate Mn(II) oxidation with lignin as the sole carbon source. The genome length of XK-1 is 4,751,776 bp, with a G + C content of 62.61%. Genome analyses reveal the carbon and manganese cycling driven by bacteria.
Complete genome sequence of a
Listeria monocytogenes
serotype 1 isolated from a critically ill patient in Italy, 2023
Authors: Amadesi Stefano , Vocale Caterina , Guariglia Davide , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Ambretti Simone , Gaibani Paolo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
, a concerning foodborne pathogen, causes severe infections in vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women and the elderly. In this article, we present the complete genome sequence of P4_LIS, an
L. monocytogenes
isolated from a patient with invasive bacteria infection.
Comparison of analgesic effect of pericapsular nerve group block and supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block on dynamic pain in patients with hip fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koh Won Uk , Kim Hyungtae , Kim Yeon Ju , Park Ji In , Yeo Hyun-Jin , Ro Young-Jin , Kim Ha-Jung 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPatients with hip fracture often experience severe pain, particularly during movement or slight positional change, prior to the occurrence of surgery. It is essential to explore the appropriate analgesic methods before surgery in patients with hip fracture, especially those capable of alleviating dynamic pain. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was introduced as a useful technique for hip analgesia. In this study, we aimed to compare the reduction in dynamic pain between the PENG block and supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SIFICB).MethodsThis prospective trial included 80 hip fracture patients aged ≥19 years, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status of 1–4 and a baseline dynamic pain score ≥4 on the numerical rating scale. The patients were randomly allocated into the PENG block (n=40) and SIFICB group (n=40). For the PENG block and SIFICB, 20 mL and 30 mL of 0.3% ropivacaine was used, respectively. The primary outcome was reduction in dynamic pain scores at 30 min following the peripheral nerve block. Dynamic pain score was evaluated when the leg was passively raised.ResultsA total of 79 patients were included in the final analysis, and the reductions in pain score during hip flexion were 3.1±2.4 and 2.9±2.5 in the PENG block and SIFICB groups, respectively, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.75). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in any of the outcomes.ConclusionsPENG block and SIFICB could effectively provide analgesia for dynamic pain in patients with hip fractures, with no significant difference between the two groups.Trial registration numberNCT04677348.
Variables Affecting CA15.3 Tumor Antigen Expression and Antibodies against It in Female National Health and Nutritional Survey Participants
Authors: Cramer Daniel W. , Vitonis Allison F. , Fichorova Raina N. , Yamamoto Hidemi S. , Mudugno Francesmary , Finn Olivera J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cancers of ductal origin often express glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1), also known as CA15.3, with higher levels leading to poor prognosis. Conversely, anti-MUC1 antibodies develop in some patients, leading to better prognosis. We sought to identify epidemiologic factors associated with CA15.3 antigen or antibody levels.

Methods:
Levels of CA15.3 antigen and anti-CA15.3 IgG antibodies were measured in archived sera from 2,302 mostly healthy women from the National Health and Nutritional Survey; and epidemiologic predictors of their levels were examined using multivariate and correlational analyses.

Results:
Among racial groups, Black women had the highest levels of CA15.3 antigen and lowest levels of antibodies. Increasing body mass index and current smoking were associated with low anti-CA15.3 antibody levels. Low CA15.3 antigen levels were seen in oral contraceptive users and high levels in women who were pregnant or lactating at the time of blood collection, with the latter group also having high antibody levels. Past reproductive events associated with high antigen levels included the following: later age at menarche, having given birth, and history of endometriosis. Lower antigen levels were seen with increasing duration of OC use. Anti-CA15.3 antibody levels decreased with an increasing estimated number of ovulatory years.

Conclusions:
Key determinants of CA.15.3 antigen or antibody levels include the following: race, body mass index, smoking, later menarche, childbirth, number of ovulatory cycles, and endometriosis.

Impact:
This study supports the premise that known epidemiologic factors affecting risk for or survival after MUC1-expressing cancers may, at least partially, operate through their association with CA15.3 antigen or antibody levels.
Assisting Black Patients With Decision-Making for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: Qualitative Findings From the Videos to Reduce Racial Disparities in ICD Therapy via Innovative Designs (VIVID) Trial
Authors: Jackson Larry R. , McKenna Kevin , Corneli Amy , Dombeck Carrie , Brelsford Kathleen , Thomas Kevin L. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
The VIVID (Videos for Addressing Racial Disparities in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy via Innovative Designs) study was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a video-based decision support tool in enhancing informed consent for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation among Black patients who met guideline criteria for primary prevention ICDs. Within the broader VIVID randomized trial, a qualitative investigation was conducted to elucidate the decisional factors among Black individuals considering ICD implantation for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest.

METHODS:
Between October 2016 and July 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted at 2 time points from randomization, ≈7 days (time interval for the decision) and at 90 days; the time interval for determining ICD implantation. Interview findings were categorized by randomized groups, those assigned to 1 of the 2 encounter-based video decision support tools or standard care (without video). Interview participants were purposefully selected to ensure diversity across gender, age, educational background, research site, and randomization group; participants were sampled from 14 academic and community-based electrophysiology clinics in the United States. Data analysis employed applied thematic analysis techniques.

RESULTS:
A diverse sample of Black individuals were interviewed at 1 week (n=59; female, 37.3%) and 90 days (n=48; female, 39.6%). The primary factors influencing the decisions of Black individuals considering a primary prevention ICD implantation were (1) their clinicians’ recommendations for ICD implantation; (2) their perception of their cardiac health status; and (3) a desire to prolong their lives for the sake of their families.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings offer valuable insights that may guide clinicians in their communication with Black patients during shared decision-making encounters related to ICD implantation.
Èdè Àyàn: the Language of Drum in Yorùbá Religious and Cultural Practices, Particularly in Egúngún Performances in Òkè-Igbó
Authors: Famule Olawole 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Yorùbá traditional religious beliefs and practices, the role of Àyàn (Drummers) cannot be overstated. For that reason, as scholars of Yoruba art studies, to deny the relevance of Ìlù (Drums) as an indispensable component of Yoruba art and religion is to threaten its deeper understanding. Language is also a vital approach to a deeper understanding of African art. Yoruba art, for instance, is the primary medium through which the Yorùbá philosophy, cultural values, and history are stored and verbally expressed. Thus, a proficiency or nearly competency in the reading, writing, and speaking of the language of the African people whose art we study is vital to a deeper understanding of African art. Also fundamental to a deeper understanding of Yorùbá art is to recognize its unique context that usually embraces a variety of verbal and nonverbal components, which in themselves are works of art. The language of the drum in the Yorùbá Egúngún performative context is a good example. As a native speaker and culture bearer, who is fully aware of the fundamental importance of language in African art studies, the author examines the interconnection of Àyàn and Egúngún from the vantage point of Yorùbá language. The study delves into the root of Egúngún within the Yorùbá cultural context in which the people concretize and validate their thought system in visual and verbal forms. The study provides an overview of Yorùbá drums and their ritual contexts as well as the Yorùbá ontological concept of Egúngún, one of the most valued patrons of Àyàn as an important form of Yorùbá religious beliefs and practices. Using the Egúngún performance in Òkè-Igbó as a case study, the study argues that dance and drum performances can and should be analyzed as a “third dimension” of oríkì, in addition to verbal and the visual of Abiodun’s theoretical framework as demonstrated in his timeless book, Yoruba Art and Language – Seeking the African in African Art (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Coproduction of Integrated Weather and Climate Services to Support Net-Zero Energy Transitions
Authors: Troccoli Alberto , Fuchs Tobias , Boscolo Roberta , Matt Elah , Bastani Hamid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Weather and climate services (W&CS) are key to supporting the transition to net-zero emissions in the energy sector. These services are utilized to increase energy system resilience, enhance renewable energy deployment, and enable the uptake of energy-efficiency measures and innovations. As energy systems become increasingly dependent on and affected by weather and climatic conditions, integrating weather and climate data into energy management systems is essential. This paper addresses the gap in comprehensive guidance for developing integrated W&CS to support net-zero energy transitions, drawing upon a report by the World Meteorological Organization’s Services Commission Study Group on Integrated Energy Services. We present a framework for coproduction of W&CS, exploring how the uptake of W&CS for energy transitions can be enabled through the evaluation of socioeconomic benefits, harnessing business models, identification of key policies, and capacity development measures. To support the uptake of W&CS for net-zero energy transitions, we recommend a deeper understanding of user needs and requirements; continuous advancements in the science and technology of W&CS; effective integration of weather and climate data within energy conversion models; improved accessibility and sharing of meteorological and, especially, energy data; promotion of coproduction approaches; exploration of novel applications of W&CS in the energy sector; refinement of business models for sustainable W&CS delivery; execution of capacity-building activities; and enhanced communication among stakeholders and strengthened collaborative efforts. These steps are crucial for realizing the full potential of W&CS in driving the energy sector toward a sustainable, net-zero future.
Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States
Authors: Thakur Bhaskar , Strenth Chance , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Schneider Frank David 
Published: June 2024

Purpose This study explores the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US adult population, focusing on sex differences. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013-2018). Participants A total of 14 699 community-dwelling adults (≥20 years). Measure The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression screening tool assessed depressive symptoms. CVD events included heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, or stroke. Analysis Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Results The study finds a positive association between CVD incidents and both mild to moderate depressive symptoms (aPR:1.42, P = .002) and moderately severe to severe depression (aPR:1.72, P = .024). Overall, females exhibit a 47% lower likelihood of CVD incidents compared to males. However, in a subgroup analysis, increased depressive symptoms correlate with higher CVD incidents in females (aPRs range: 2.09 to 3.43, P < .001) compared to males (aPRs range: 1.45 to 1.77, P < .001). Conclusion Depression is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Females generally have a lower CVD risk than males, but more severe depressive symptoms elevate CVD risk in females. These findings emphasize the significance of considering sex differences. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
CG001, a C3b-targeted complement inhibitor, blocks 3 complement pathways: development and preclinical evaluation
Authors: Li Ling , Ding Peipei , Dong Yanrong , Shen Shupei , Lv Xinyue , Yu Jie , Li Luying , Chen Jianfeng , Wang Pilin , Han Bing , Xu Ting , Hu Weiguo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Excessively activated or dysregulated complement activation may contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases, thus leading to a surge in complement inhibitors. Herein, we developed a human-derived and antibody-like C3b-targeted fusion protein (CRIg-FH-Fc) x2, termed CG001, that could potently block all 3 complement pathways. Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) and factor H (FH) bind to distinct sites in C3b and synergistically inhibit complement activation. CRIg occupancy in C3b prevents the recruitment of C3 and C5 substrates, whereas FH occupancy in C3b accelerates the decay of C3/C5 convertases and promotes the factor I–mediated degradation and inactivation of C3b. CG001 also showed therapeutic effects in alternative pathways–induced hemolytic mouse and classical pathways–induced mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis rat models. In the pharmacological/toxicological evaluation in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, CG001 displayed an antibody-like pharmacokinetic profile, a convincing complement inhibitory effect, and no observable toxic effects. Therefore, CG001 holds substantial potential for human clinical studies.
New strategy based on Hammerstein–Wiener and supervised machine learning for identification of treated wastewater salinization in Al-Hassa region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shah Syed Muzzamil Hussain , Abba Sani I. , Yassin Mohamed A. , Lawal Dahiru U. , Aliyu Farouq , Al-Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein , Qureshi Haris U. , Aljundi Isam H. , Asmaly Hamza A. , Sammen Saad Sh. , Scholz Miklas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe agricultural sector faces challenges in managing water resources efficiently, particularly in arid regions dealing with water scarcity. To overcome water stress, treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly utilized for irrigation purpose to conserve available freshwater resources. There are several critical aspects affecting the suitability of TWW for irrigation including salinity which can have detrimental effects on crop yield and soil health. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel approach for TWW salinity prediction using artificial intelligent (AI) ensembled machine learning approach. In this regard, several water quality parameters of the TWW samples were collected through field investigation from the irrigation zones in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, which were later assessed in the lab. The assessment involved measuring Temperature (T), pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Salinity, through an Internet of Things (IoT) based system integrated with a real-time monitoring and a multiprobe device. Based on the descriptive statistics of the data and correlation obtained through the Pearson matrix, the models were formed for predicting salinity by using the Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The models’ performance was evaluated using several statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the HWM-M3 model with its superior predictive capabilities achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 82% and 77% in both training and testing stages. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-ensembled machine learning approach for accurate TWW salinity prediction, promoting the safe and efficient utilization of TWW for irrigation in water-stressed regions. The findings contribute to a growing body of research exploring AI applications for sustainable water management.
Optimizing germination: comparative assessment of various growth media on dragon fruit germination and early growth
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , Anwar Tauseef , Qureshi Huma , Younus Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Waqar , Sajid-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Khalid Faizan , Faiza  , Zaman Wajid , Soufan Walid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus), known for its captivating appearance and remarkable nutritional profile, has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Despite its popularity, there's a dearth of research on optimal conditions for seed germination and early growth stages such as seedling shoot length, which are crucial for optimal crop yield. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating various growing media's performance on dragon fruit germination and early growth stages. Dragon fruit seeds were obtained from local markets in Pakistan and evaluated in five different growing media: cocopeat, peat moss, sand, vermiculite, and compost. Germination parameters were observed for 45 days, including seed germination percentage, mean germination time, and mean daily germination percentage, among others while early growth was monitored for 240 days. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Significant differences were found among the growing media regarding germination percentage, mean germination time, and mean daily germination. Vermiculite exhibited the highest germination rate (93.33%), while compost showed the least (70%). Peat moss and sand media facilitated rapid germination, while compost showed slower rates. Stem length was significantly influenced by the growth media, with compost supporting the longest stems. Vermiculite emerged as the most effective medium for dragon fruit seed germination, while compost showed slower but steady growth. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing dragon fruit cultivation, aiding commercial growers and enthusiasts in achieving higher yields and quality. Further research could explore additional factors influencing dragon fruit growth and development.