bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the blade coating processes using viscoelastic fluid with heat transfer analysis
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asif , Ghaffari Abuzar , Sowayan Ahmed S. , Atif H. M. , Khan Sami Ullah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe blade coating is an essential industrial technique that involves applying a protective liquid layer to a moving surface with a smoothing blade. In this article we demonstrated the non‐isothermal analysis of blade coating using viscoelastic fluid model numerically. The flow equations are made simplify using lubrication approximation theory (LAT). The resulting dimensionless flow and energy equations are simulated using a robust fourth‐order Runge–Kutta and Newton–Raphson methods to calculate the coating thickness (), stream function, velocity pressure, temperature profile, pressure gradient and blade load. The impact of the slip and involved parameters on these quantities are deliberated through various graphs and tables. The temperature distribution increases as the Brinkman number rises, with the maximum temperature occurring in the nip region of the flow. The mechanical quantities such as coating thickness increases while the blade load decreases with increasing the values of the slip parameter as compared with Newtonian model for both plane and exponential coater.Highlights
The temperature distribution increases as the Brinkman number increases.
The coating thickness increases as the slip parameter value increases, while the blade load decreases.
The pressure profile shows an increasing trend with increasing the values of the blade height ratio (K).
The pressure profile increases with increasing the values of α1 while its shows decreasing trend with increases the value of the α2.
Early academic and behavior skills as predictors of later mathematics achievement
Authors: Allen Abigail A. , Smith R. Alex , Burns Matthew K. , Lembke Erica S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly academic skills and behavioral characteristics in students are predictive of later school achievement, but academics and behavior are commonly compartmentalized in research and practice. This study investigated to what extent first‐grade early numeracy (EN), literacy, and behavior ratings predicted fourth‐grade mathematics achievement. In fall of first‐grade, 501 students were given EN and literacy measures and a behavior rating scale completed by their teachers. In spring of fourth‐grade, students were given mathematics computation and concepts assessments. Regression analyses indicated EN, early literacy, and behavior uniquely predicted 39% of the variance in participants’ fourth‐grade mathematics achievement. Significant predictors were EN and behavior ratings (p < .001), which accounted for 29% and 9% of the variance in mathematics scores, respectively.
Pectin methylesterification state and cell wall mechanical properties contribute to neighbor proximity‐induced hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sénéchal Fabien , Robinson Sarah , Van Schaik Evert , Trévisan Martine , Saxena Prashant , Reinhardt Didier , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants growing with neighbors compete for light and consequently increase the growth of their vegetative organs to enhance access to sunlight. This response, called shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes as well as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), which regulate the expression of growth‐mediating genes. Numerous cell wall‐related genes belong to the putative targets of PIFs, and the importance of cell wall modifications for enabling growth was extensively shown in developmental models such as dark‐grown hypocotyl. However, the contribution of the cell wall in the growth of de‐etiolated seedlings regulated by shade cues remains poorly established. Through analyses of mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell wall coupled with transcriptomic analysis of cell wall‐related genes from previously published data, we provide evidence suggesting that cell wall modifications are important for neighbor proximity‐induced elongation. Further analysis using loss‐of‐function mutants impaired in the synthesis and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers corroborated this. We focused on the cgr2cgr3 double mutant that is defective in methylesterification of homogalacturonan (HG)‐type pectins. By following hypocotyl growth kinetically and spatially and analyzing the mechanical and biochemical properties of cell walls, we found that methylesterification of HG‐type pectins was required to enable global cell wall modifications underlying neighbor proximity‐induced hypocotyl growth. Collectively, our work suggests that plant competition for light induces changes in the expression of numerous cell wall genes to enable modifications in biochemical and mechanical properties of cell walls that contribute to neighbor proximity‐induced growth.
Association of PARP inhibitor treatment on the prevalence and progression of clonal hematopoiesis in patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Marshall Catherine H. , Gondek Lukasz P. , Daniels Violet , Lu Changxue , Pasca Sergiu , Xie Jiajun , Markowski Mark C. , Paller Channing J. , Sena Laura A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Luo Jun , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are approved for the treatment of some men with advanced prostate cancer. Rare but serious side effects include myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The impact of PARP inhibitors on clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a potential precursor lesion associated with MDS and AML, is incompletely understood in prostate cancer. We hypothesized that PARP inhibitors would increase CH prevalence and abundance.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled participants with advanced prostate cancer treated with PARP inhibitors. The presence of CH was assessed from leukocytes using an ultra‐deep error‐corrected dual unique molecular identifiers sequencing method targeting 49 genes most commonly mutated in CH and myeloid malignancies. Variant allele frequencies (VAF) of ≥0.5% were considered clinically significant. Blood samples were collected before and after PARP inhibitor treatment.ResultsTen men were enrolled; mean age of 67 years. Six patients had Gleason 7 disease, and four had Gleason ≥8 disease at diagnosis. Nine had localized disease at diagnosis, and eight had prior treatment with radiation. The mean time between pre‐ and post‐treatment blood samples was 11 months (range 2.6–31 months). Six patients (60%) had CH identified prior to PARP inhibitor treatment, three with multiple clones. Of 11 CH clones identified in follow‐up, 5 (45%) appeared or increased after treatment. DNMT3A, TET2, and PPM1D were the most common CH alterations observed. The largest post‐treatment increase involved the PPM1D gene.ConclusionCH alterations are frequently found after treatment with PARP inhibitors in patients with prostate cancer and this may be one mechanism by which PARP inhibitors lead to increased risk of MDS/AML.
Structural basis for the recognition of α‐1,6‐branched α‐glucan by GH13_47 α‐amylase from Rhodothermus marinus
Authors: Miyasaka Yuki , Yokoyama Kohei , Kozono Takuma , Kitano Yoshikazu , Miyazaki Takatsugu , Sakaguchi Masayoshi , Nishikawa Atsushi , Tonozuka Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 is among the main families of enzymes acting on starch; recently, subfamily 47 of GH13 (GH13_47) has been established. The crystal structure and function of a GH13_47 enzyme from Bacteroides ovatus has only been reported to date. This enzyme has α‐amylase activity, while the GH13_47 enzymes comprise approximately 800–900 amino acid residues which are almost double those of typical α‐amylases. It is important to know how different the GH13_47 enzymes are from other α‐amylases. Rhodothermus marinus JCM9785, a thermophilic bacterium, possesses a gene for the GH13_47 enzyme, which is designated here as RmGH13_47A. Its structure has been predicted to be composed of seven domains: N1, N2, N3, A, B, C, and D. We constructed a plasmid encoding Gly266‐Glu886, which contains the N3, A, B, and C domains and expressed the protein in Escherichia coli. The enzyme hydrolyzed starch and pullulan by a neopullulanase‐type action. Additionally, the enzyme acted on maltotetraose, and saccharides with α‐1,6‐glucosidic linkages were observed in the products. Following the replacement of the catalytic residue Asp563 with Ala, the crystal structure of the variant D563A in complex with the enzymatic products from maltotetraose was determined; as a result, electron density for an α‐1,6‐branched pentasaccharide was observed in the catalytic pocket, and Ile762 and Asp763 interacted with the branched chain of the pentasaccharide. These findings suggest that RmGH13_47A is an α‐amylase that prefers α‐1,6‐branched parts of starch to produce oligosaccharides.
Optimal planning of step‐stress accelerated degradation test based on Tweedie exponential dispersion process with random effects
Authors: He Qian , Yan Weian , Liu Weidong , Bigaud David , Xu Xiaofan , Lei Zitong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe step stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT) is an effective tool for assessing the reliability of highly reliable products. However, conducting an SSADT is expensive and time consuming, and the obtained SSADT data has an impact on the accuracy of the subsequent product reliability index estimations. Consequently, devising a cost‐constrained SSADT plan that yields high‐precision reliability estimates poses a significant challenge. This paper focuses on the optimal design of SSADT for the Tweedie exponential dispersion process with random effect (TEDR), a general degradation model capable of describing product heterogeneity. Under given budget and boundary constraints, the optimal sample size, observation frequency and observation times at each stress level are obtained by minimizing the asymptotic variance of the estimated quantile life at normal operating conditions. The sensitivity and stability of the SSADT plan are also studied, and the results indicate the robustness of the optimal plan against slight parameters fluctuations. We use the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate TEDR parameters and reliability indicators under SSADT, providing a systematic method for obtaining the optimal SSADT plan under budget constraints. The proposed framework is illustrated using the case of LED chips data, showcasing its potential for practical application.
Evaluating consistency across multiple NeoSpectra (compact Fourier transform near‐infrared) spectrometers for estimating common soil properties
Authors: Mitu Sadia M. , Smith Colleen , Sanderman Jonathan , Ferguson Richard R. , Shepherd Keith , Ge Yufeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid and cost‐effective techniques for soil analysis are essential to guide sustainable land management and production agriculture. This study aimed at evaluating the performance and consistency of portable handheld Fourier‐transform near‐infrared spectrometers and the NeoSpectra scanners in estimating 12 common soil physical and chemical properties including pH; organic carbon (OC); inorganic carbon (IC); total nitrogen (TN); cation exchange capacity (CEC); clay, silt, and sand fractions; and exchangeable potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). A diverse set of samples (n = 600) were retrieved from a national‐scale soil archive of the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory of USDA‐NRCS and scanned with five NeoSpectra scanners. Predictive models for the soil properties were developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR), Cubist, and memory‐based learning (MBL). Cubist outperformed PLSR and MBL, with the best prediction performance for clay, OC, and CEC (R2 > 0.7), followed by IC, sand, silt, and Mg (R2 > 0.6), and then pH, TN, and Ca (R2 > 0.5). K and P were predicted somewhat poorly with R2 of 0.48 and 0.22. All five NeoSpectra yielded comparable near‐infrared (NIR) spectral data and the PLSR models for the soil properties (in terms of model regression coefficients). However, the consistency assessment showed that the model performance was significantly decreased when the training and testing spectra were from different NeoSpectra scanners. It is concluded that NeoSpectra scanners could be rapid and cost effective for estimating certain soil properties, and calibration transfer should be considered for applications where multiple devices are involved and high estimation accuracy from NIR data is required.
Swift Covalent Gelation Coupled with Robust Wet Adhesive Powder: A Novel Approach for Acute Massive Hemorrhage Control in Dynamic and High‐Pressure Wound Environments
Authors: Chen Kangli , Wang Kun , Pan Yanjun , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jiajun , Ji Shizhao , Yin Meng , Liu Changsheng , Qu Xue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe quest for efficient hemostatic agents in emergency medicine is critical, particularly for managing massive hemorrhages in dynamic and high‐pressure wound environments. Traditional self‐gelling powders, while beneficial due to their ease of application and rapid action, fall short in such challenging conditions. To bridge this gap, the research introduces a novel self‐gelling powder that combines ultrafast covalent gelation and robust wet adhesion, presenting a significant advancement in acute hemorrhage control. This ternary system comprises ε‐polylysine (ε‐PLL) and 4‐arm polyethylene glycol succinyl succinate (4‐arm‐PEG‐NHS) forming the hydrogel framework. Na2HPO4 functions as the “H+ sucker” to expedite the amidation reaction, slashing gelation time to under 10 s, crucial for immediate blood loss restriction. Moreover, PEG chains' hydrophilicity facilitates efficient absorption of interfacial blood, increasing the generated hydrogel's cross‐linking density and strengthens its tissue bonding, thereby resulting in excellent mechanical and wet adhesion properties. In vitro experiments reveal the optimized formulation's exceptional tissue compliance, procoagulant activity, biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy. In porcine models of heart injuries and arterial punctures, it outperforms commercial hemostatic agent Celox, confirming its rapid and effective hemostasis. Conclusively, this study presents a transformative approach to hemostasis, offering a reliable and potent solution for the emergency management of massive hemorrhage.
The effect of carbon nanotube on self‐healing properties of engineered cementitious composites subjected to high temperatures
Authors: Tanyıldızı Harun , Bulut Metehan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the self‐healing performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) subjected to high temperatures. In ECC samples, CNT was used at 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% by weight instead of cementitious materials. The cylindrical specimens containing CNT (Ø100 × 200 mm) were manufactured. The produced specimens were subjected to temperatures of 23 ± 2, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800°C after being cured at 23 ± 2°C for 28 days, and then, they left to cool at 23 ± 2°C for 1 day. Then, these specimens were preloaded at 70% of the ultimate splitting tensile strength to produce microcracks. Lastly, wetting–drying cycles were performed on ECCs for self‐healing. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), splitting tensile strength (fst), and rapid chloride permeability (RCPT) tests were applied to evaluate the self‐healing performance of specimens. Moreover, microstructural analyses such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were accomplished to identify the healing products formed in self‐healed cracks. According to the results of this study, the highest recovery rate of fst with 103.46% was attained from the ECC specimen containing 0.25% CNT exposed to 200°C.
Exploring science teachers' efforts to frame phenomena in the community
Authors: Clark Heather F. , Gyles Symone A. , Tieu Darlene , Venkatesh Shriya , Sandoval William A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines two teachers' efforts to re‐organize their science teaching around issues of environmental and food justice in the urban community where they teach through the pedagogical approach of community‐oriented framing. We introduce this approach to teachers' framing of phenomena in community as supporting students' framing of phenomena as personally and locally relevant. Drawing on classroom observations of remote learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we took an analytic approach that characterized features of classroom discourse to rate community‐oriented framing at the lesson level. Results show that teachers framed phenomena as both social and scientific, and as rooted in students' lived experiences, with classroom activities designed to gather localized and personalized evidence needed to explain or model phenomena. We also share examples of how Black and Latinx students took up this framing of phenomena in their classroom work. By providing a detailed description of the launch and implementation of activities, findings illustrate how community‐oriented framing supported teachers in posing local questions of equity and justice as simultaneously social and scientific, and helping students perceive science learning as meaningful to their everyday lives. Community‐oriented framing offers a practical means of designing locally and socially relevant instruction. We contribute to justice‐centered science pedagogies by conceptualizing transformative science learning environments as those in which students understand their goal in science class as understanding, and later addressing, inequities in how socioscientific issues manifest in their community.
High expression of AlkB homolog 5 suppresses the progression of non‐small cell lung cancer by facilitating ferroptosis through m6A demethylation of SLC7A11
Authors: Huang Zhangzhou , Lin Gen , Hong Yaping , Weng Lihong , Zhu Kai , Zhuang Wu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevailing LC characterized by poor outcomes. AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) functions as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. This study delved into the role of ALKBH5 in NSCLC development.MethodsTCGA database predicted ALKBH5 expression in NSCLC patients. ALKBH5 levels in NSCLC and human bronchial epithelial cells were determined. pcDNA3.1‐ALKBH5/NC, pcDNA3.1‐SLC7A11/NC, and ferrostatin‐1 were used to explore the interactions among ALKBH5, SLC7A11, and ferroptosis. SLC7A11 mRNA and its protein levels were measured by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell. Total N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) quantification and its enrichment on SLC7A11 mRNA were determined, followed by the observation of Ki67, ALKBH5 and SLC7A11‐positive cell numbers. Glutathione (GSH), lipid reactive oxygen species (lipid‐ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron ion contents were determined. Animal experiments further analyzed the role of ALKBH5 in tumor development and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression.ResultsBioinformatics analysis revealed the lowly‐expressed ALKBH5 in LC patients. ALKBH5 was downregulated in NSCLC cells and its upregulation repressed proliferation activity, invasion, and migration, and facilitated apoptosis. ALKBH5 upregulation decreased GSH, increased lipid‐ROS, MDA, and iron ion contents, and downregulated SLC7A11 by reducing m6A modification. SLC7A11 upregulation partly annulled the effect of ALKBH5 overexpression on cell ferroptosis and malignant behaviors. In vivo assays elucidated the suppression of ALKBH5 upregulation on tumor development and GPX4 levels.ConclusionALKBH5 upregulation downregulates SLC7A11 transcription by decreasing m6A modification, thus promoting NSCLC cell ferroptosis and ultimately repressing NSCLC progression.
Preferential flow of phosphorus and nitrogen under steady‐state saturated conditions
Authors: Malhotra Kritika , Lamba Jasmeet , Way Thomas R. , Williams Colleen , Karthikeyan K. G. , Budhathoki Suman , Prasad Rishi , Srivastava Puneet , Zheng Jingyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRepeated broiler litter application on agricultural lands can cause nutrient enrichment of subsurface effluent, especially with the existence of preferential flow through soil macropores. Previous studies quantifying soil macropores have not attempted to establish a connection of soil macropore characteristics with the subsurface nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) losses, across different topographical locations in the field. This study investigated the effect of broiler litter application and preferential flow on subsurface nutrient transport (N and P) at different topographical positions (upslope, midslope, and downslope) in a no‐till pasture field located in Alabama, USA. Twelve intact soil columns (150 mm id and 500 mm length) were used, and the nutrient leaching measurements from laboratory experiments were linked to soil macropore characteristics quantified using X‐ray computed tomography image analysis and solute transport modeling. Treatments included surface broadcast broiler litter (5 Mg ha−1, on dry basis) and unamended control. Leachates were analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), total P (TP), and nitrate + nitrite‐N (NO3− + NO2−–N). The bromide breakthrough curves provided evidence of preferential flow in all columns. Litter application significantly increased leachate P concentrations, and average TP and DRP concentrations were significantly higher in the leachate from upslope columns compared to those at downslope location. The NO3−–N concentrations in leachate exceeded the US EPA drinking water standard of 10 mg L−1 in all the treatment columns. The highest flow‐weighted mean concentrations of TP and DRP, at 2.7 and 2.5 mg L−1, respectively, were recorded in the upslope columns. Soil physicochemical properties and nutrient leaching losses varied substantially across topographical positions, indicating a need for variable litter application rates to reduce P build‐up and subsequent leaching in vulnerable locations within the field. The relevance of the effect of topographic position on nutrient leaching found in this study should be further tested by investigating a wider range of slopes and soil types in pastures.