bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os sentimentos dos clientes oncológicos: uma compreensão existencial da angústia em Heidegger
Authors: Vieira Gabriela Baptista , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Silva Marcos Andrade 
Published: January 2012

Objective: this study aims to correlate the feelings of the client with cancer mainly highlighting the anguish in a perspective Heideggerian existentialist. Methods: a descriptive study, qualitative, the type bibliography. To review, it took a search in books and in the database of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar, using the terms: oncology nursing, cancer, anxiety, Heidegger. Twelve articles were selected considering the cut time of the last twelve years and the inclusion of subjective approaches. The Heideggerian approach subsidized understanding of issues of subjectivity, bringing contributions to a humanized intervention. Results: the cancer is a disease that refers the man to get in touch with their own finitude, so the person with cancer experiences a feeling of anguish, so that client has a need for assistance not just in physical but also emotional. The sense of anguish allows a man to the rescue of daily living, to suit the whole, and that feeling emerges when the man realizes that it is finite. Conclusion: it is crucial to understanding this type of feeling for nursing, to consider the being within their individualities, which will directly reflect the quality of its assistance. Descriptors: oncologic nursing; emotions; stress psychological; anxiety; existentialism.
POLYISOBUTYLENE-BASED THERMOPLASTIC BIORUBBERS
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Dos Santos Lucas M. , Orlowski Elizabeth 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLinear triblock poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (SIBS), the first representative of polyisobutylene (PIB)-based biomaterials, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the Taxus® Drug Eluting stent. SIBS and the new generation of dendritic or arborescent D_SIBS are self-assembling thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), or “biorubbers.” D_SIBS has lower creep and improved fatigue life. We recently produced composites of novel D_PIB-based TPEs with carbon and silica. These composites had 2–10 times higher tensile strength than that of the neat polymer. The composite with 37.5 wt. % carbon black was nonconductive, demonstrating excellent filler dispersion. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis supported the formation of a nanocomposite with nanosized surface topology. The water contact angle of the biorubbers was significantly lower than that of silicone rubber. The carbon nanocomposite showed excellent biocompatibility in vivo, having thinner capsules than silicone after 180 days implantation into rabbits. Bone compatibility was also excellent. The improved biocompatibility was most likely due to a combination of hydrophilicity and surface nanotopology. Fundamental studies of the effect of surface properties of these biorubbers on biocompatibility are ongoing in our laboratory.
A REVIEW OF VOLUME CHANGES IN RUBBERS: THE EFFECT OF STRETCHING
Authors: Le Cam Jean-Benoit 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElastomeric materials are subjected to significant change in volume during their deformation. This paper proposes to review the change in volume of stretched rubber and to highlight why volume change can be considered as a relevant mechanical quantity to characterize rubbery materials in terms of microstructure evolution. The first part of the present review examines experimental measurements of volume change reported from the end of the 19th century until now. The second part reports the models proposed to predict the change in volume of stretched rubbers. These are formulated for small deformations. Some of them account for the decrease in volume due to crystallization.
HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANTS FOR WIRE AND CABLE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Wei Ming , Murphy Daniel , Barry Carol , Mead Joey 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFlame retardants play a very important role in avoiding fire risks in wire and cable applications due to heat generation by current or outside sources. Halogen flame retardants are typically used to ensure good flammability. The halogen flame retardants, however, are under close scrutiny because of their potential to give off corrosive compounds when the materials are burned, as well as other safety, environmental, and health issues. For wire and cable industries, halogen-free flame retardant additives, such as nanoclays, nanotubes, aluminium trihydrate, or magnesium hydroxide are potential alternatives. Types of halogen-free flame retardant additives used in wire and cable constructions are reviewed and discussed.
Correlation of Vulcanization and Viscoelastic Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Natural Rubber and Different Nanofillers, with Molecular and Supramolecular Structure
Authors: Bhattacharya Mithun , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Elastomer nanocomposites reinforced with low volume fraction of nanofillers, such as nanoclays and carbon nanofibers, have long been known to possess significantly improved mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical, flame retardant, and barrier properties. The present work attempts to evaluate the effect of nanofillers (like modified and unmodified montmorillonite, sepiolite, carbon nanofiber, and carbon black) and their amount on vulcanization, as well as dynamic and rheological properties in the prevulcanization and postvulcanization stages. Upon using organomodified nanoclay, optimum cure time was reduced and cure rate index increased; whereas, in comparison, carbon nanofiber resulted in a slower cure. The influence of loading of some representative nanofillers on natural rubber was studied through qualitative description of critical dynamic viscoelastic parameters, which indicated the formation of supramolecular structure even at low volume fraction. The nanocomposite vulcanizates showed solidlike rheological behavior and upon implementation of dispersion techniques the activation energy of flow was reduced by around 60%. The knowledge of cure and rheological properties of the compounds, which evolves from the structure formation, can be utilized for assessing process optimization, cost reduction, and performance of the nanocomposites.
Abortion
Authors: Schmidt Alvin J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

The widespread practice of abortion (along with other practices such as infanticide, suicide, and the “sport” of killing gladiators) was not regarded as a moral problem in pagan Greco‐Roman society. Concerning abortion, Plato, the Greek philosopher, said it was the prerogative of the city‐state to let women have abortions (
Republic
5.461). Similarly, Aristotle argued that there was a “limit fixed to the procreation of offspring,” and when that limit was reached, “abortion must be practiced” (
Politics
7.14). While there was the occasional opposition to abortion, the prevailing cultural view saw nothing immoral regarding it.
A
dams,
J
ay
E
dward (
b
. 1929)
Authors: Bigalke Ron J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Jay Edward Adams was born in Baltimore, January 30, 1929. At the age of 16, he began his formal theological training at Reformed Episcopal Seminary in Philadelphia where he received his Bachelor of Divinity. Adams also earned a Bachelor of Arts in Greek at Johns Hopkins University, and pursued graduate work at Pittsburgh‐Xenia Seminary. Due to the liberalism at the seminary, he withdrew and completed his Master of Sacred Theology at Temple University School of Theology. He received his Ph.D. in speech at the University of Missouri, and taught speech for three years as a faculty member of the University. Ordained at the age of 23 in the old United Presbyterian Church, Adams has pastored old United Presbyterian, Orthodox Presbyterian, and Reformed Presbyterian churches in Pennsylvania and New Jersey (currently he is ordained in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church). Adams published an “Open Letter to Former United Presbyterians” in 1959, which admonished Presbyterian denominations to depart from the liberal denomination. His first book was a selfpublished defense of amillennialism in 1959 as
Realized Millennialism: A Study in Biblical Eschatology
. He taught counseling, homiletics, and pastoral ministry at Westminster Theological Seminary from 1963–1983. It was during his pastorates and teaching a course in poimenics (pastoral theology) at Westminster Seminary that he struggled with failure as a counselor and the classification of sin as “sickness” in Freudianism.
African‐American Megachurches
Authors: Gramby‐Sobukwe Sharon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAfrican‐American megachurches in the United States expanded in number and influence beginning in the late 20th century. Sociopolitical movements and public policies created new class dynamics in African‐American communities that spurred growth among old and new churches. Thus, contemporary African‐American mega‐churches, typically wealthy in human and financial resources, are transforming the traditional community roles and focus of African‐American churches.
A
frican Independent Churches
Authors: Anderson Allan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
African independent churches (AICs) are a significant section of the Christian population of the sub‐Sahara. Most AIC members are found in southern Africa, the Congo (Kinshasa), Kenya, and along the West African coast, where the proportion of AICs to the total Christian population is higher than in other areas. The AICs are undoubtedly a major force in African Christianity today, one manifestation of the shifting of the centre of gravity of Christianity in the 20th century from the North to the South. There are many different kinds, from the earliest “Ethiopian” and “African” churches that emerged at the end of the 19th century to the later, more prolific “prophet‐healing” or “Spirit” churches, and the “new Pentecostal” or “Charismatic” churches that emerged after 1970.
AIDS
, Christian Responses to
Authors: Campbell Evvy Hay 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In the past quarter‐century the disease of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes it have occasioned a global pandemic. There are 40 million people living with HIV, over 4 million new cases annually, and nearly 3 million deaths each year. The enormity and complexity of the pandemic have presented Christians globally with both a crucial challenge and a unique opportunity. Sub‐Saharan Africa bears the greatest burden, as two‐thirds of all those with HIV/AIDS live there. In southeast Asia the sex tourism industry has driven the expansion of HIV/AIDS. Brazil has one‐third of those in Latin America living with HIV. The epidemics in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, while relatively young, continue to grow.
Aladura
Authors: Ayegboyin Deji Isaac 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
One of the most remarkable examples of African indigenous religious creativity is the Aladura, a group of churches basically of Yoruba origin. The churches emerged in Western Nigeria from the 1920s, as charismatic, revitalization, prophetic, and healing movements. They arose, in some respects, as a cultural response to a crisis situation, calling attention to their severing links with mission churches and western culture. Since their emergence, they have been in the vanguard of indigenizing Christianity in an African context.
Albert the Great,Saint (c.1200–1280)
Authors: Thomas D. Watts  
Published: January 2012

AbstractDominican bishop, Doctor of the Church, and patron saint of scientists, Albert the Great was an outstanding figure of the Middle Ages and in the history of the church. He has been referred to as Albert the Great, and Albertus Magnus, and also as Albert of Lavingen, Albert of Cologne, and Albert the German. He has been honored under the scholastic titles ofDoctor universalisandDoctor expertus, in partial recognition of his genius, immense learning and wisdom. He was proficient in every branch of learning of his era. Ulrich Engelbert, a contemporary, once referred to him as the wonder and miracle of his day. He combined knowledge of the natural sciences with his knowledge of theology and philosophy in unique ways. He is perhaps best known for being the teacher of the “Angelic Doctor”, St. Thomas Aquinas. Both St. Albert the Great (he was the only man of the High Middle Ages to be called “the Great”) and St. Thomas Aquinas were outstanding luminaries among others in the long history of the great Dominican Order, which has always been known for its strong intellectual orientation and traditions over the centuries.
Alcohol
Authors: Bigalke Ron J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
There are three classic positions regarding the consumption of alcohol: abstention, moderation, and prohibition. There is, however, no prohibition regarding the consumption of alcohol in Scripture. Indeed, wine and strong drink could be offered to God as a sacrifice (Exod. 29:38, 40; Lev. 23:13; Num. 15:5, 7, 10; 28:7), and wine is even described as a gift of God (Gen. 14:18–20; 27:28; Deut. 7:12–13; 11:13–14; 14:22–26; Judg. 9:13; Ps. 104:14–15; Prov. 3:9–10; Amos 9:13–14). There was drinking of wine at David's coronation feast (1 Chron. 12:38–40) and wine certainly typifies the millennial feast (Isa. 25:6). Solomon frequently compared the splendor of marital love to wine (Song 1:4; 4:10; 7:6–9; 8:2). Wine is even a symbol of the Gospel (Isa. 55:1). God promised an abundance of wine as a covenant blessing for obedience (Deut. 11:13–14; 14:22–26), and its absence was a covenant curse for disobedience (Deut. 28:15, 39; Isa. 62:8). Jesus himself not only made wine and drank wine (Luke 7:33–34; John 2:1–11), but also instituted the ordinance of the Lord's Supper with bread and wine (Matt. 26:27–29; Mark 14:23–25; Luke 22:15–20; 1 Cor. 11:23–26).
Armenian Alphabet
Authors: Hovhanessian Vahan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Christianity was adopted as the state religion in Armenia, following the conversion of King Trdat (Tiridates) and his army, in 301. At the time, Armenian was only a spoken language. Official documents were written in the Greek, Persian and Syriac scripts. Worshipers used liturgical books written in these scripts and relied on translators during church services to interpret the Bible. Sporadic oral translations of biblical passages, however, were not sufficient to satisfy the needs of the growing Armenian Christian communities and the liturgical books written in non‐Armenian scripts were not practical for public use.
A
ltizer,
T
homas
J
.
J
. (
b
. 1927)
Authors: Rodkey Christopher D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

North American, born September 28, 1927. Altizer is arguably the most important figure to emerge from the “Death of God theology” movement of the 1960s, and also one of the most prolific Christian theologians of the latter half of the 20th century. Altizer's theological project centers itself around Friedrich Nietzsche's trope of the “death of God” as a metaphor for the primordial Godhead's debasing creative act, culminating in incarnation of Christ, and later, an actual “death of God” on the cross. The divine movement in history is to be understood as perpetually “forward and downward,” descending and incarnating, rather than “backward and upward”; Altizer understands the ascension as a regressive movement of God, whereas God must be forward‐moving. History, for Altizer, is apocalypse: the death of God on the cross enacts a final pouring out (
kenosis
) of Spirit into flesh; therefore, ultimate importance is in the present moment, in the Kingdom of God as an Eternal Now. His primary contributions to modern theology include reclaiming the biblical notion of kenosis (Phil. 2:7) as a primary method for Christology and being the first — and perhaps final — academic theologian to effectively utilize modern technology as a means for Christian theology to find new audiences and popular exigency.
A
ngelico,
F
ra (
c
.1395–1455)
Authors: Thomas Kurian George 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Real name, Guido di Piero de Mugello. Mon‐astic name, Fra Giovanni da Fiesole. Italian religious painter, one of the few artists who have been beatified. He entered the Dominican Order in 1423. He began his career as a manuscript illuminator. For most of his career he was based in Fiesole where he had become a prior in 1450, but most of his paintings were painted in S. Marco in Florence (now an Angelico museum), a Sylvestrine monastery taken over by his order in 1436. Here he and his assistants painted about 50 frescoes (1438–1445) in the corridors and cells as aids to meditation. They are characterized as serene in their economy of composition and drawing and in their simplicity of details. For example,
The Mocking of Christ
shows only the head of the man spitting and his hand grasping a stick,
Christ in the Sepulcher
is surrounded only by the instruments of his Passion, and the
Transfiguration
shows only Christ flanked by Moses and Elijah. In the last decade of his life, Angelico also worked in Orvieto (where he began the
Last Judgment
) and Perugia and finally in Rome where he frescoed the private chapel of Pope Nicholas V with scenes from the lives of
SS Stephen and Lawrence
(1447–1450). He also painted numerous altarpieces, including
Madonna and Saints
(1438–1440) commissioned for the high altar of S. Marco in Florence. This altarpiece was important in the development of what later came to be known as Sacra Conversazione featuring Madonna and groups of saints.
The Coronation of the Virgin
(1435, Paris, Louvre) shows a mastery of perspective and spatial rhythms as does the
Crucifixion
in Fiesole.
The Deposition
(1443) is serene in its spatial and tonal harmonies. Vasari referred to him as a simple and holy man and popularized the use of the name, Angelico.
Wrath of God
Authors: Hasel Frank M. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

The wrath of God is an important, albeit somewhat neglected subject of biblical theology. Objections to the reality of the divine wrath have arisen mainly from intrusions of philosophical ideas into Christian thought. According to Neo‐Platonism divine affection and anger in every form and shape is foreign to God. God has no pathos. God is above joy and sorrow. Wrath is a sign of weakness that does not square with the divine perfection and his unchanging nature. These Greek ideas significantly influenced many of the early church fathers (Pohlenz; Miggelbrink). However, already Lactantius in his significant work
De Ira Dei
(d. c.317) has recognized that in contrast to the apathy of the divine nature in Stoicism the love of the biblical God also involves his strong objection to everything evil and thus his wrath. Some modern theologians have dismissed the notion of the wrath of God as not usable in modern theology (Helmer Ringgren). For Schleiermacher it does not have relevance for Christians and should be avoided in our preaching and teaching. Albrecht Ritschl claimed that God's wrath is without any religious worth. On the other hand Jonathan Edwards in his famous sermon, “Sinners in the hands of an angry God” (1741), used the image of the wrath of God to paint a picture of fear in the minds of people. Karl Barth and Emil Brunner, in contrast, have recognized the positive value of the biblical notion of God's wrath, which is based on God's holiness.
Anglicanism
Authors: Hefling Charles 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

The term “Anglican” is now used to refer to those regional or national Christian churches that have received their tradition of doctrine, discipline, and worship from the Church of England and are in communion with its chief ecclesiastical officer, the Archbishop of Canterbury. The world‐wide Anglican Communion comprises 38 such churches, often referred to in that context as “provinces,” among them the Episcopal Church in the United States. Once these formal facts have been stated, definition becomes difficult. Exactly what Anglicanism consists in has been a contentious matter since the 16th century, when
ecclesia Anglicana
, “the English church,” began to have an institutional identity of its own. The pragmatic way in which the contention has usually been dealt with is itself a notable characteristic of Anglican Christianity, and one that implies that Anglicanism is best understood concretely, in its history. An account of beginnings is especially essential.
Annunciation
Authors: Laing Jacqueline 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe wordannunciationliterally means announcement. It is the title given to the announcement by the Angel Gabriel to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the birth of Christ (Luke 1:26–38). The event described by St. Luke makes reference to the name of Jesus, his greatness and eternal kingship, his reign on the throne of David, and his status as the Son of the God Most High. These numerous references are traditionally understood in the context of the Old Testament promise of a Messiah. Isaiah 7:14, for example, says “Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son,” a declaration that is repeated in Matthew 1:23. He would be a second David making visible God's invisible kingship (Ps. 2:6–12) and bring salvation to his people. The lady asks “how will this be done, for I know not a man.” The angel answers that the “Holy Spirit will come upon you,” and the “power of the Most High will overshadow you” and “the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God” (Luke 1:35–38). St. Elizabeth soon afterwards confirms the angel's praise, “Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb” (Luke 1:42) and Mary offers the prayer known as the Magnificat harking back to the prophecies of the Old Testament and the prediction that “henceforth all generations shall call me blessed” (Luke 1:48).
Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109)
Authors: Woods Ryan T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Born in 1033 to a declining patrician clan in the alpine village of Aosta, Italy, Anselm inhabited a world of profound cultural and political ferment: the Norman Conquest, the Crusades, the development of scholastic institutions, and the Hildebrandine pontificate punctuated his eventful life. His legacy, however, owes less to his participation in the institutional apparatus of this transformation, and more to the inner resources of his fertile intellect.
Anthem
Authors: Johnson R. Kevin 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

A Protestant sacred choral composition, analogous to the Roman Catholic
motet
, the anthem is sung by a church choir in English with texts based on Scripture or a religious theme. The term is derived from the same root as “antiphon.” The anthem originated with and is commonly used in the liturgy of the Anglican Communion. For the British service of coronation or other occasional service, the mass includes several anthems, some of which are commissioned particularly for the special event.