bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pathological study of fulminant hepatic disease3,4
Authors: Mori Wataru , Machinami Rikuo , Shiga Junji , Taguchi Tomoya , Tanaka Kaoru , Fukusato Toshio , Hasegawa Akio , Aoki Naoto , Narita Takeo , Kikuchi Fumihito , Kodama Takaya , Irie Hiroshi , Oka Teruaki , Yoshimura Ashio , Aoyama Hiromu 
Published: January 2011

Among 4,030 autopsies, 67 cases of fulminant hepatic failure were selected and studied from a pathological viewpoint. No sex difference in incidence was seen and the patients' age ranged very widely from 3 months to 78 years, showing comparatively high risk in the 20 s and 30 s in both sexes. Hepatitis virus was the most common cause, followed by toxic chemicals, shock, etc. Histopathological study revealed severe and extensive hepatic cell necrosis as the most conspicuous and common change of the liver, which was pathomorphologically quite similar to that experimentally produced by focal intravascular coagulation in rabbit. This evidence, as well as pathological findings of the other organs obtained at autopsy and the patients' reported clinical course, including laboratory data, were consistent with our proposal of a pathological disease entity, fulminant liver disease, which corresponds to the clinical symptom‐complex known as fulminant hepatic failure. It is suggested that the characteristic feature of acute, severe and extensive hepatic cell necrosis which is seen in such cases is probably a result of an anoxic state caused in most instances by intrahepatic circulatory disturbances. Besides, we consider that fulminant liver disease can be regarded as a group of systemic diseases with the main focus of illness in the liver, rather than a specific disease of a single organ, the liver.ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 727∼742, 1984.
Immunohistological study on malignant fibrous histiocytoma3
Authors: Inoue Akifumi , Aozasa Katsuyuki , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Tamai Masamitsu , Chatani Fumio , Ueno Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) shows a mixed proliferation of both fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Because of their complex morphologic appearances, the nature of truly neoplastic cells in MFH has been controversial. In the present study, immunoperoxidase method (PAP method) was used to examine the intracytoplasmic lysozyme (LY), alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A***1AT), fibronectin (FN), and polyvalent immunoglobulin (PI) in the fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Twenty‐three cases with MFH were histologically divided into three groups; predominantly fibroblastic type (Group I; 5 cases), mixed fibroblastic and histiocytic type (Group II; 15 cases), and almost pure histiocytic type (Group III; 3 cases). Fibroblastic cells showed a strong positive reaction for LY and A1AT, suggesting the histiocytic nature, while the proliferating cells in Group II were more intensely stained by each of the antibodies than in Groups I and III. Enzyme histochemical examinations on fresh materials were available in 3 cases. These findings suggest that proliferating cells in MFH possess a histiocytic nature.Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 759∼765, 1984.
Unhealthy substance‐use behaviors as symptom‐related self‐care in persons with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Brion John M. , Dawson Rose Carol , Nicholas Patrice K. , Sloane Rick , Voss Joachim G. , Corless Inge B. , Lindgren Teri G. , Wantland Dean J. , Kemppainen Jeanne K. , Sefcik Elizabeth F. , Nokes Kathleen M. , Kirksey Kenn M. , Sanzero Eller Lucille , Hamilton Mary Jane , Holzemer William L. , Portillo Carmen J. , Rivero Mendez Marta , Robinson Linda M. , Moezzi Shahnaz , Rosa Maria , Human Sarie , Maryland Mary , Arudo John , Viamonte Ros Ana , Nicholas Thomas P. , Cuca Yvette , Huang Emily , Bain Catherine , Tyer‐Viola Lynda , Zang Sheryl M. , Shannon Maureen , Peters‐Lewis Angelleen , Willard Suzanne 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUnhealthy substance‐use behaviors, including a heavy alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and cigarette smoking, are engaged in by many HIV‐positive individuals, often as a way to manage their disease‐related symptoms. This study, based on data from a larger randomized controlled trial of an HIV/AIDS symptom management manual, examines the prevalence and characteristics of unhealthy behaviors in relation to HIV/AIDS symptoms. The mean age of the sample (n = 775) was 42.8 years and 38.5% of the sample was female. The mean number of years living with HIV was 9.1 years. The specific self‐reported unhealthy substance‐use behaviors were the use of marijuana, cigarettes, a large amount of alcohol, and illicit drugs. A subset of individuals who identified high levels of specific symptoms also reported significantly higher substance‐use behaviors, including amphetamine and injection drug use, heavy alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use. The implications for clinical practice include the assessment of self‐care behaviors, screening for substance abuse, and education of persons regarding the self‐management of HIV.
Adverse events from targeted therapies in advanced renal cell carcinoma: the impact on long‐term use
Authors: Kirkali Ziya 
Published: January 2011

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The side‐effect of targeted agents is known.The clinician should be aware of the side‐effects of targeted agents and how to prevent/diminish them, particularly in sequential and combination therapies.The aim of this review is to help physicians tailor targeted treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma to suit patient needs and ensure maximum overall duration of response to therapy by providing a summary of the frequency and time of onset of adverse events (AEs) and by raising awareness of AE profiles. A PubMed literature search was performed, and papers on targeted therapy‐related AEs were reviewed. The frequency, severity and management of targeted therapy‐related AEs are discussed. Manageable AEs commonly reported with all the approved targeted agents include: fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting), hypertension, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. Life‐threatening AEs are less common than manageable AEs and are usually class specific. Data suggest that long‐term treatment with well‐established targeted agents does not result in increased or unexpected AEs. Caution is required with regard to the long‐term use of newer targeted agents for which there are no long‐term tolerability data or clinical experience. Studies have reported that the type and frequency of observed AEs associated with sequential tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) use are similar to those reported in the literature for TKI monotherapy. Having an awareness of the AE profiles of targeted agents allows the development of effective management strategies. Generally, more extensive clinical experience has accumulated, and AE profiles are more predictable, for well‐established targeted agents.
Safety and efficacy of ultrasonography as an adjunct to fluoroscopy for renal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Authors: Agarwal Mayank , Agrawal Madhu S. , Jaiswal Abhinav , Kumar Deepak , Yadav Himanshu , Lavania Prashant 
Published: January 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)‐guided renal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), as compared with conventional fluoroscopy‐guided renal access in a prospective randomized trial.PATIENTS AND METHODS• From January 2008 to October 2009, 224 patients with renal calculi undergoing PCNL were randomized into two groups.• Group 1 (112 patients) underwent PCNL using only fluoroscopy‐guided renal access; while in group 2 (112 patients), US guidance for puncture was used in addition to fluoroscopy.• The inclusion criteria were: normal renal functions, American Society of Anesthesiology scores 1 or 2, absence of congenital abnormalities, aged 15–70 years, and anticipated single‐tract procedure. The patients in both groups were matched for age, sex, and stone characteristics.• The Student t‐test was used for statistical analysis with an allowable error of 5%.RESULTS• The mean time to successful puncture was 3.2 min and 1.8 min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P < 0.01).• The mean duration of radiation exposure to successful puncture was 28.6 s in group 1 and 14.4 s in group 2 (P < 0.01).• The mean numbers of attempts for successful puncture in the desired calyx was 3.3 in group 1 as compared with 1.5 in group 2 (P < 0.01).• The meantime taken for tract formation in group 1 was 7.4 min with radiation exposure of 82 s, while in group 2 it took 4.8 min with radiation exposure of 58 s (P < 0.01).• Successful access was achieved in all patients. All patients were stone‐free at the end of the operation. The hospital stay (2–3 days) was same in both groups. There was no incidence of significant bleeding requiring transfusion during or after surgery. All the patients were followed‐up for a ≥6 months.CONCLUSION• US‐guided puncture in PCNL helps in increasing accuracy of puncture and decreasing radiation exposure for the surgical team and the patients.
MARKET PRICE MECHANISMS AND STACKELBERG GENERAL EQUILIBRIA: AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Julien Ludovic A. , Tricou Fabrice 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper considers Stackelberg competition in a general equilibrium framework with a productive sector. The working of market power and the configurations of strategic interactions are complexified by the presence of a leader. Two market price mechanisms are studied: one is associated with the Stackelberg–Walras equilibrium and the other is linked to the Stackelberg–Cournot equilibrium. Throughout the example of a two commodity economy, several results are obtained about equilibria mergings and about welfare comparisons.
Reality and Philosophy: Reflections on Cora Diamond's Work
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe publication of Cora Diamond's important 2002 “The Difficulty of Reality and the Difficulty of Philosophy” (in Philosophy and Animal Life) stimulated the writing of this essay. “The Difficulty of Reality and the Difficulty of Philosophy” attempted to show that there are experiences of reality (recounted especially in literature like John Coetzee's novels and Ted Hughes' poetry) in relation to which philosophical concepts and words encounter difficulty. The experiences resist conceptualization. By examining several of Diamond's earlier writings, I try to show that the difficulty of philosophical conceptualization of reality is due to the fact that reality does not exist external to experience. Reality being internal to experience means that reality contains an unfixed set of possibilities. Being experiential, reality is historical. The historical dimension of reality – such as the reality of animal life suffering – makes the words through we describe this reality too weak, i.e. they are not powerful enough to capture reality, hence the difficulty. Consequently, as I argue, for Diamond, the weakness of words means that words are never complete concepts. The meaning of them seems always still to come since reality seems always to have a surplus of possibilities. I suggest that because of this always still “to come” aspect of the meaning of words, we might characterise Diamond's thought as a messianism.
The Politics of Social Policy Language
Authors: Béland Daniel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA number of scholars have recently shown that key social policy concepts like ‘welfare state’ are both vague and problematic. Drawing on the international literature on the role of ideas in social policy, this article compares the development of two major policy concepts in two countries where the language of social policy is openly contentious: the USA and France. Focusing on the last three decades, the article discusses the meaning and development of the concepts of ‘social security’/‘sécurité sociale’ and ‘welfare state’/‘État‐providence’ in both countries. As suggested, these two concepts have long been controversial, in part because they are typically involved in the inherently political drawing and redrawing of the contested boundaries of state action. Overall, the article explains how the comparative analysis of social policy language can help scholars adopt a more reflexive approach.
Personalization: From Story‐line to Practice
Authors: Needham Catherine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPersonalization has become a unifying theme and a dominant narrative across public services in England. Key to understanding the dominance of personalization is the recognition that it is a story that is told about public services, their history and the roles and experiences of the people who use them and work in them. Like other stories it is compelling, emotionally resonant, but also multi‐interpretable. This article identifies five key themes which are central to the personalization story‐line, noting their reliance on a combination of formal evidence, personal narratives and common sense. These are: (1) personalization works, transforming people's lives for the better; (2) person‐centred approaches reflect the way people live their lives, rather than artificial departmental boundaries; (3) personalization is applicable to everyone, not just to people with social care needs; (4) people are experts on their own lives; (5) personalization will save money. The article goes on to examine some of the complexities that audiences face in translating a story‐line into policy programmes and frontline practice. Three aspects in particular are considered: the ambiguity of personalization as a guide to action; the tensions between user empowerment and user responsibility; and the extent to which personalization is used to legitimize other reforms, in particular budget cuts.
An Audit of the Welfare Modelling Business
Authors: Powell Martin , Barrientos Armando 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe ‘welfare modelling business’ has become central to comparative social policy in recent years. However, we argue that one important element in this literature, the usefulness of identifying ‘ideal types’ of welfare production that support theoretical development, has been neglected. While much effort has been devoted to the results of the number and composition of the worlds, insufficient attention has been paid to the analytical basis of welfare regimes. This article attempts an audit of the ‘welfare modelling business’, with a review and consideration of the main concepts used in the literature. Our main conclusion is that definitions, concepts and methods need to be given urgent priority for the investment in the business to produce future returns.
Detraditionalisation, gender and alternative and complementary medicines
Authors: Sointu Eeva 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article is premised on the importance of locating the appeal and meaning of alternative and complementary medicines in the context of gendered identities. I argue that the discourse of wellbeing – captured in many alternative and complementary health practices – is congruent with culturally prevalent ideals of self‐fulfilling, authentic, unique and self‐responsible subjectivity. The discourse of wellbeing places the self at the centre, thus providing a contrast with traditional ideas of other‐directed and caring femininity. As such, involvement in alternative and complementary medicines is entwined with a negotiation of shifting femininities in detraditionalising societies. Simultaneously, many alternative and complementary health practices readily tap into and reproduce traditional representations of caring femininity. It is through an emphasis on emotional honesty and intimacy that the discourse of wellbeing also captures a challenge to traditional ideas of masculinity. Expectations and experiences relating to gender add a further level of complexity to the meaningfulness and therapeutic value of alternative and complementary medicines and underlie the gender difference in the utilisation of holistic health practices. I draw on data from a qualitative study with 44, primarily white, middle‐class users and practitioners of varied alternative and complementary medicines in the UK.
Intrinsic Finks and Dispositional/Categorical Distinction
Authors: Choi Sungho 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe central theme of this paper is the dispositional/categorical distinction that has been one of the top agendas in contemporary metaphysics. I will first develop from my semantic account of dispositions what I think the correct formulation of the dispositional/categorical distinction in terms of counterfactual conditionals. It will be argued that my formulation does not have the shortcomings that have plagued previously proposed ones. Then I will turn my attention to one of its consequences, the thesis that dispositional properties are not susceptible to intrinsic finks. This thesis was first advanced by me and has ever since stirred up a big controversy, endorsed by some philosophers like Handfield, Bird, and Cohen but rejected by others like Clarke and Fara. Against this background, I will remedy my defense of the impossibility of intrinsically finkable dispositions and then refute some of apparently powerful criticisms of it. And so the upshot is that it is much more reasonable to hold on to the thesis that dispositions are intrinsically unfinkable. This will have the effect of putting the dispositional/categorical distinction on firmer and more secure ground.
Rational Imagination and Modal Knowledge
Authors: Ichikawa Jonathan , Jarvis Benjamin 
Published: January 2011

Abstract How do we know what's (metaphysically) possible and impossible? Arguments from Kripke and Putnam suggest that possibility is not merely a matter of (coherent) conceivability/imaginability. For example, we can coherently imagine that Hesperus and Phosphorus are distinct objects even though they are not possibly distinct. Despite this apparent problem, we suggest, nevertheless, that imagination plays an important role in an adequate modal epistemology. When we discover what is possible or what is impossible, we generally exploit important connections between what is possible and what we can coherently imagine. We can often come to knowledge of metaphysical modality a priori.
“The Experience of Left and Right” Meets the Physics of Left and Right
Authors: John Baker David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractI consider an argument, due to Geoffrey Lee, that we can know a priori  from the left‐right asymmetrical character of experience that our brains are left‐right asymmetrical. Lee's argument assumes a premise he calls relationism, which I show is well‐supported by the best philosophical picture of spacetime. I explain why Lee's relationism is compatible with left‐right asymmetrical laws. I then show that the conclusion of Lee's argument is not as strong or surprising as he makes it out to be.
Hereditary protein C deficiency associated with riboflavin‐responsive lipid storage myopathy
Authors: Vergani L. , Angelini C. , Pegoraro E. , Cadaldini M. , Simioni P. , Girolami A. , Turnbull D.M. 
Published: January 2011

We report a 14 year old patient who presented lung emboli and deep vein thrombosis in relationship to protein C deficiency. He had a carnitine‐deficient lipid myopathy. Fresh muscle homogenate showed low activities in oxidizing [1‐14C]‐butyrate, [1‐14C]‐octonoate and [1‐14C]‐palmitate. A deficient short chain butyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) was found in isolated muscle mitochondria. The patient improved dramatically with daily therapy of 200 mg riboflavin, 2 g carnitine and anticoagulation with Coumadin. The treatment was found to restore fatty acid oxidation in fresh muscle homogenate, deficient acylCoA‐dehydrogenases in mitochondria and decrease lipid droplets.These results suggest that in this type of lipid myopathy riboflavin supplementation may be effective. The link with protein C deficiency is discussed.
The Skills Gap in Nursing Management in the South African Public Health Sector
Authors: Pillay Rubin 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Nurse managers are central to health delivery in South Africa. However, there is a paucity of research that analyzes their competence to successfully discharge their managerial role. To identify the competencies perceived to be important for effective nursing management in the South African public sector and the managers' self‐assessed proficiency in these.Design and Sample: A cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire. 215 senior nursing managers at South African public sector hospitals.Measures: Respondents rated the level of importance that 51 proposed competencies had in their job and indicated their proficiency in each.Results: Public sector managers ranked controlling as the most important competency, followed by leading, organizing, and self‐management. Health/clinical skills, planning, and legal/ethical competencies were ranked as being relatively less important. They assessed themselves as being most competent in self‐management, followed by planning, controlling, leading, and specific health skills. The competency gap was the largest for legal/ethical issues, organizing, and controlling. The competency gap for planning and self‐management was relatively smaller.Conclusions: This research confirms that there is a lack of management capacity within the public health sector and also identifies the areas in which the lack of knowledge or skills is most significant.
Dental Insurance and Dental Service Use by U.S. Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Kaylor Mary Beth , Polivka Barbara J. , Chaudry Rosemary , Salsberry Pamela , Wee Alvin G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Oral health has a significant effect on health, and for women, poor oral health can lead to poor birth outcomes and can affect their child's health. Nursing interventions to improve the oral health of at‐risk women have the potential to increase maternal and child systemic and oral health. The identification of women at a high risk for poor oral health is a necessary to develop and evaluate these interventions.Design and Sample: This study examined the factors related to dental insurance and dental service use for women of childbearing age in the United States. A secondary analysis of the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was completed to examine the predisposing, enabling, and need variables associated with dental insurance status and dental service use in a representative random sample of 1,071 women.Results: The results showed that over 40% of women had no dental insurance. Women with less education, lower income, and dental need were significantly less likely to have dental insurance. Dental utilization by the uninsured was low and a racial/ethnic disparity was noted.Conclusion: A lack of dental insurance and dental service utilization is a significant concern. Nurses working with low‐income women should educate the population about oral health and advocate for policies to increase dental insurance coverage.