bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of unilateral topical administration of 0.5% tropicamide on anterior segment morphology and intraocular pressure in normal cats and cats with primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Espinheira Gomes Filipe , Bentley Ellison , Lin Ting‐Li , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To determine the effects of topical 0.5% tropicamide on anterior segment morphology (ASM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal and glaucomatous cats.Animals used  Normal cats and cats with inherited primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).Procedures  Control IOP curves were performed in untreated normal and PCG cats. In the first experiment, tropicamide was applied OD in eight normal and nine PCG cats. IOP and pupillary diameter (PD) were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min, then hourly until 8 h post‐treatment. In a second experiment, six normal and seven PCG cats received tropicamide OD. High‐resolution ultrasound images were obtained at 0, 1, 5, and 10 h post‐treatment to measure ASM changes. IOP and PD were measured OD at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h.Results  In untreated normal cats IOP OU decreased throughout the day. In PCG cats IOP OU had wide fluctuations over time. In normal cats IOP response varied in the treated eye but did not change significantly in untreated eyes. IOP significantly increased from baseline in both eyes of all treated PCG cats. Increases in IOP were associated with some ASM changes. Cats with PCG had a significantly smaller angle recess areas, diminished ciliary clefts and decreased iris‐lens contact. ASM changes were not strongly correlated with IOP in all cats.Conclusions  The ASM of PCG cats is markedly different from normal cats, and clinically significant increases in IOP OU occur in cats with PCG after tropicamide treatment. The mechanism for this increase remains unclear.
Pills and pints: Risky drinking and alcohol‐related harms among regular ecstasy users in Australia
Authors: KINNER STUART A. , GEORGE JESSICA , JOHNSTON JENNIFER , DUNN MATTHEW , DEGENHARDT LOUISA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. A significant proportion of young Australians engage in risky alcohol consumption, and an increasing minority are regular ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users. Risky alcohol use, alone or in combination with ecstasy, is associated with a range of acute and chronic health risks. The aim of this study was to document the incidence and some health‐related correlates of alcohol use, and concurrent alcohol and ecstasy use, among a large, national sample of regular ecstasy users (REU) in Australia.Design and Methods. National, cross‐sectional surveys of REU in Australia 2003–2008. Among REU in 2008 (n = 678) usual alcohol use, psychological distress and health‐related quality of life were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Short Form‐8 Survey respectively.Results. Among REU in 2008, 36% reported high‐risk patterns of usual alcohol consumption, 62% reported usually consuming more than five standard drinks with ecstasy, and 24% reported currently experiencing high or very high levels of psychological distress. Controlling for age and education, high‐risk drinking among REU was associated with higher levels of psychological distress and poorer health‐related functioning; however, the associations between concurrent alcohol and ecstasy use, and health outcomes, were not significant (P > 0.05).Discussion and Conclusions. A large and increasing proportion of REU in Australia engage in high‐risk patterns of alcohol consumption, including in combination with ecstasy. High‐risk alcohol consumption among this group is associated with adverse health‐related outcomes. Prevention and harm reduction interventions for REU should incorporate messages about the risks associated with alcohol use. There is an ongoing need for youth‐specific, coordinated alcohol and other drug and mental health services.[Kinner SA, George J, Johnston J, Dunn M, Degenhardt L. Pills and pints: Risky drinking and alcohol‐related harms among regular ecstasy users in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:273–280]
Social Value Orientation and Climate Strength as Moderators of the Impact of Work Group Cooperative Climate on Affective Commitment
Authors: Bogaert Sandy , Boone Christophe , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: September 2011

abstractWe investigate the moderating role of an individual's social value orientation (which refers to self‐ versus other‐regarding preferences) and of climate strength (which refers to the extent of agreement among group members on group norms and values) on the relationship between work group cooperative climate and affective commitment among professional employees. We develop two plausible but opposite hypotheses on the moderation effect of social value orientation, one based on the behavioural assimilation assumption and the other on goal transformation theory. We argue that the work group's climate strength is an important contingency factor that affects which of both contradictory predictions holds. In a sample of 209 academic employees of a Belgian university, we find support for our arguments. Specifically, a cooperative climate enhances the affective commitment of employees with a prosocial value orientation (as predicted by the behavioural assimilation argument) but only when there is strong consensus among group members about the group's climate (high climate strength). Conversely, for those whose social value orientation is towards the self rather than others, a cooperative climate enhances affective commitment (consistent with goal transformation theory), especially when the climate is not agreed upon (low climate strength). These findings underscore recent claims that the predictive power of different theories in organizational behaviour depends on an individual's motives and values. We discuss the implications of our findings for the management of work groups consisting of employees with different social value orientations.
Clinical applicability of Quantiferon‐TB‐Gold testing in psoriasis patients during long‐term anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Garcovich S. , Ruggeri A. , D’Agostino M. , Ardito F. , De Simone C. , Delogu G. , Fadda G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis patients who are treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha antagonists are at increased risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and should be adequately screened and monitored during active treatment.Objectives  To evaluate in a prospective study, the performance of Quantiferon‐TB‐Gold in tube (QFT) in vitro assay compared to the conventional tuberculin skin test (TST) in detecting LTBI among a cohort of non‐BCG‐vaccinated patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis during long‐term treatment (12 months) with TNF‐alpha antagonists.Methods  A total of 50 patients underwent QFT and TST testing at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of continuous anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment. Diagnosis of LTBI was made on the basis of a positive QFT result and negative chest‐radiographic and microbiological assays. Patients with LTBI were subjected to standard isoniazid chemoprophylaxis and after 1 month, they resumed anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment with subsequent QFT and TST testing after 6 months. In all the cases, a follow‐up period of 12 months was observed.Results  During the 12‐month‐study period, 14% of patients presented a QFT conversion. During active anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment, a QFT conversion was observed in 10% of patients (five cases). Agreement between QFT and TST was moderate (κ = 0.408) at screening, good (κ = 0.734) after 6 months and fair (κ = 0.328) after 12 months of treatment. A total of 18% of patients presented a positive, discordant TST during the study period.Conclusions  A single‐test QFT‐based screening strategy for LTBI in psoriasis patients receiving long‐term anti‐TNF‐alpha treatment could reduce the incidence of false‐positive LTBI cases, preventing unnecessary TB chemoprophylaxis.
Separation anxiety disorder in children: disorder‐specific responses to experimental separation from the mother
Authors: Kossowsky Joe , Wilhelm Frank H. , Roth Walton T. , Schneider Silvia 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in childhood and is predictive of adult anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. However, the disorder has seldom been studied and the attempt to distinguish SAD from other anxiety disorders with regard to psychophysiology has not been made. We expected exaggerated anxiety as well as sympathetic and respiratory reactivity in SAD during separation from the mother.Method:  Participants were 49 children with a principal diagnosis of SAD, 21 clinical controls (CC) with a principal diagnosis of anxiety disorder other than SAD, and 39 healthy controls (HC) not meeting criteria for any current diagnosis. Analyses of covariance controlling for age were used to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic activation (preejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia) as well as cardiovascular (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance), respiratory (total breath time, minute ventilation, tidal volume, end‐tidal CO2, respiratory variability), electrodermal, and self‐report (anxiety, cognitions, symptoms) variables during baseline, 4‐min separation from, and reunion with the mother.Results:  Children with a diagnosis of SAD were characterized by elevated self‐reported anxiety responses to separation and increased sympathetic reactivity compared with CC and HC groups. The SAD group also displayed greater vagal withdrawal and higher reactivity in multiple cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal measures compared with the HC group, while corresponding responses were less in the CC group and not significantly different from the other groups.Conclusions:  Separation from the mother elicits greater autonomic, respiratory, and experiential responses in children with SAD. Our findings based on brief experimental separation demonstrate differential subjective and physiological manifestations of specific anxiety diagnoses, thus supporting the validity of the diagnostic category of SAD.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates the expression and the release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in neuronal cells: involvement of tPA in the neuroprotective effect of PACAP
Authors: Raoult Emilie , Roussel Benoît Denis , Bénard Magalie , Lefebvre Thomas , Ravni Aurélia , Ali Carine , Vivien Denis , Komuro Hitoshi , Fournier Alain , Vaudry Hubert , Vaudry David , Galas Ludovic 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 920–931.AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) play important roles in neuronal migration and survival. However, a direct link between the neurotrophic effects of PACAP and tPA has never been investigated. In this study, we show that, in PC12 cells, PACAP induced a 9.85‐fold increase in tPA gene expression through activation of the protein kinase A‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent signaling pathways. In immature cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), PACAP stimulated tPA mRNA expression and release of proteolytically active tPA. Immunocytochemical labeling revealed the presence of tPA in the cytoplasm and processes of cultured CGN. The inhibitory effect of PACAP on CGN motility was not affected by the tPA substrate plasminogen or the tPA inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. In contrast, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of PACAP on CGN survival. Altogether, these data indicate that tPA gene expression is activated by PACAP in both tumoral and normal neuronal cells. The present study also demonstrates that PACAP stimulates the release of tPA which promotes CGN survival by a mechanism dependent of its proteolytic activity.
Observational Study of Need for Thrombolytic Therapy and Incidence of Bacteremia using Taurolidine‐Citrate‐Heparin, Taurolidine‐Citrate and Heparin Catheter Locks in Patients Treated with Hemodialysis
Authors: Solomon Laurie R. , Cheesbrough John S. , Bhargava Ramya , Mitsides Nicos , Heap Michael , Green Gerwyn , Diggle Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCatheter‐related blood stream infections may be reduced by interdialytic locking with Taurolidine, a nontoxic antimicrobial agent. A formulation of 1.35% Taurolidine in 4% citrate (TC) is associated with a greater need for thrombolysis to maintain catheter patency than 5000 U/ml heparin. Our aim was to determine whether addition of 500 Units/ml of heparin to TC reduces the need for thrombolysis. TCH (1.35% taurolidine, 4% citrate and 500 U/ml heparin) was compared to TC and Heparin 5000 U/ml using retrospective data. Hundred and six adult hemodialysis patients with internal jugular tunnelled intravascular catheters using TCH were compared with 34 patients using TC and 34 patients using heparin 5000 U/ml respectively. Outcomes were time to first use of thrombolysis and bacteremia rates.TCH reduced the need for thrombolysis compared to TC (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.5; p < 0.001) and was not significantly different from heparin 5000 U/ml (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95%CI: 0.5, 3.9; p = 0.5). The bacteremia rates from all causes were 1.33, 1.22 and 3.25 per 1000 catheter‐ days (p < 0.001) in the TCH, TC and heparin groups respectively. Addition of 500 U/ml heparin to TC reduces the need for thrombolysis without increasing bacteremia and may achieve patency comparable to heparin 5000 U/ml.
Comparison of the Effects of Two Screw Insertion Patterns on Bone Fragment Translocation in a 3.5 mm Dynamic Compression Plate and a 3.5 mm Limited‐Contact Dynamic Compression Plate
Authors: Csiszer Amie B. , Daly Curt M. , Dyce Jonathan , Litsky Alan S. , Olmstead Marvin L. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of screw insertion pattern, plate type, application of bone reduction forceps, and additional load screw insertion in an 8‐hole 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP) and limited‐contact dynamic compression plate (LC‐DCP) on bone fragment translocation (BFT) in a fracture gap model.Study DesignIn vitro mechanical study.MethodsTwo screw insertion patterns were tested in the DCP and newly redesigned LC‐DCP using gap model synthetic bone constructs. In Pattern 1, screws were first inserted into the holes at each end of the plate, then screws were inserted into the holes adjacent to the fracture gap. In Pattern 2, screws were only inserted into the holes adjacent to the fracture gap. The effects of tight or loose bone forceps securing the plate, loosening a neutral screw in Pattern 1, and inserting up to 4 additional load screws with each pattern were tested. Changes in the fracture gap were measured after insertion of all neutral screws and after each load screw.ResultsPattern 2 BFT was significantly greater than Pattern 1 BFT when bone forceps were loose with both plates (P < .001). In the DCP, the BFT was significantly increased by loosening the bone forceps with Pattern 2 (P < .001) and by loosening 1 neutral screw in Pattern 1 (P < .001). The BFT for each additional load screw inserted was significantly less than 1.0 mm.ConclusionsA tight neutral screw in the same bone fragment as the load screw or bone clamps that tightly secure the plate to the bone can limit BFT.
Surface Energy of Sol Gel‐Derived Silicon Oxycarbide Glasses
Authors: Tamayo Aitana , Peña‐Alonso Raquel , Rubio Juan , Raj Rishi , Sorarù Gian D. , Oteo Jose L. 
Published: September 2011

The surface properties of differentSiOCglasses before and afterHFetching have been analyzed by means of nitrogen adsorption and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution.Raman andDrift spectroscopies have been also used for structural characterization. The dispersive surface energy (γsd), acid–base (kA/kB) character and nanorugosity index (IM) have been compared with those found for vitreous silica (VS) glass. The γsdvalue of theSiOCglass is higher thanVS(γsd = 58.8 mJ·m−2) and decreases from 151.02 to 104.39 mJ·m−2with the increase of the carbon content.Raman spectroscopy corroborates the previous results in which the higher ordered graphite is attributed to the higher dispersive surface energy. AfterHFetching the γsdvalues of theSiOCglasses increase up to 200 mJ·m−2, being these results in accordance with the elimination of silica phase and therefore the presence of a high concentration of carbon mainly as ordered graphite.Raman andDrift spectroscopies suggest thatHFetching not only removes silica but poorly ordered graphite and probablyβ‐SiCnanocrystals as well. The acid–base properties, i.e., thekA/kBratio, of the analyzedSiOCglasses are very close to those ofVSor natural graphites, depending on their free carbon content. In general the acid constant is higher than the base even afterHFetching, indicating that the free carbon phase contains surface active acidic groups. Finally, the surface nanorugosity of theSiOCglasses has been found to be dependent also on the graphite order. ForVSthe surface is completely smooth (IM = −0.76), and for theSiOCglasses having highly ordered graphite the nanorugosity is similar to graphite‐like materials (IMvalues between −11 and −13), reaching an average value close toIM = −6.35 in the case of poorly ordered graphite carbon.
Longitudinal MRI study of cortical thickness, perfusion, and metabolite levels in major depressive disorder
Authors: Järnum Hanna , Eskildsen Simon F. , Steffensen Elena G. , Lundbye‐Christensen Søren , Simonsen Carsten W. , Thomsen Ib S. , Fründ Ernst‐Torben , Théberge Jean , Larsson Elna‐Marie 
Published: September 2011

Järnum H, Eskildsen SF, Steffensen EG, Lundbye‐Christensen S, Simonsen CW, Thomsen IS, Fründ E‐T, Théberge J, Larsson E‐M. Longitudinal MRI study of cortical thickness, perfusion, and metabolite levels in major depressive disorder.Objective:  To determine whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display morphologic, functional, and metabolic brain abnormalities in limbic‐cortical regions at a baseline magnetic resonance (MR) scan and whether these changes are normalized in MDD patients in remission at a follow‐up scan.Method:  A longitudinal 3.0‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was carried out with cortical thickness measurements with a surface‐based approach, perfusion measurements with three‐dimensional (3D) pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), and spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) measurements in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with water as an internal reference adjusted for cerebrospinal fluid content. We examined 23 MDD patients and 26 healthy controls. MDD patients underwent a baseline MRI at inclusion and were invited to a follow‐up scan when they were in remission or after a 6‐month follow‐up period.Results:  Major findings were a significantly thinner posterior cingulate cortex in non‐remitters than in remitters, a significant decrease in perfusion in the frontal lobes and the ACC in non‐remitters compared with healthy controls at baseline and significantly reduced N‐acetylaspartate, myo‐inositol, and glutamate levels in MDD patients compared with healthy controls at baseline.Conclusion:  Using novel MRI techniques, we have found abnormalities in cerebral regions related to cortical‐limbic pathways in MDD patients.
Control Proxy Functions for Sequential Design and Control Optimization
Authors: Peters Diane L. , Papalambros P. Y. , Ulsoy A. G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Optimal system design of “smart” products requires optimization of both the artifact and its controller. When the artifact and the controller designs are independent, the system solution is straightforward through sequential optimization. When the designs are coupled, combined simultaneous optimization can produce system-optimal results, but presents significant computational and organizational complexity. This paper presents a method that produces results comparable with those found with a simultaneous solution strategy, but with the simplicity of the sequential strategy. The artifact objective function is augmented by a control proxy function (CPF), representing the artifact’s ease of control. The key to successful use of this method is the selection of an appropriate CPF. Four theorems that govern the choice and evaluation of a CPF are given. Each theorem is illustrated using a simple mathematical example. Specific CPFs are then presented for particular problem formulations, and the method is applied to the optimal design and control of a micro-electrical mechanical system actuator.
Adjusted Wallace Coefficient as a Measure of Congruence between Typing Methods
Authors: Severiano Ana , Pinto Francisco R. , Ramirez Mário , Carriço João A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

We propose a new coefficient, the adjusted Wallace coefficient (
AW
), and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) as quantitative measures of congruence between typing methods. The performance of the derived CI was evaluated using simulated data. Published microbial typing data were used to demonstrate the advantages of
AW
over the Wallace coefficient.
The Influenza C Virus CM2 Protein Can Alter Intracellular pH, and Its Transmembrane Domain Can Substitute for That of the Influenza A Virus M2 Protein and Support Infectious Virus Production
Authors: Stewart Shaun M , Pekosz Andrew 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The influenza C virus CM2 protein and a chimeric influenza A virus M2 protein (MCM) containing the CM2 transmembrane domain were assessed for their ability to functionally replace the M2 protein. While all three proteins could alter cytosolic pH to various degrees when expressed from cDNA, only M2 and MCM could at least partially restore infectious virus production to M2-deficient influenza A viruses. The data suggest that while the CM2 ion channel activity is similar to that of M2, sequences in the extracellular and/or cytoplasmic domains play important roles in infectious virus production.
Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Activity of JAK Inhibitor AZD1480
Authors: Xin Hong , Herrmann Andreas , Reckamp Karen , Zhang Wang , Pal Sumanta , Hedvat Michael , Zhang Chunyan , Liang Wei , Scuto Anna , Weng Shaobu , Morosini Deborah , Cao Zhu A. , Zinda Michael , Figlin Robert , Huszar Dennis , Jove Richard , Yu Hua 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
STAT3 has important functions in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. The STAT regulatory kinase Janus-activated kinase (JAK) has been strongly implicated in promoting oncogenesis of various solid tumors, including the use of JAK kinase inhibitors such as AZD1480. However, direct evidence that JAK drives STAT3 function and cancer pathogenesis at the level of the tumor microenvironment is yet to be established clearly. In this study, we show that AZD1480 inhibits STAT3 in tumor-associated myeloid cells, reducing their number and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Myeloid cell–mediated angiogenesis was also diminished by AZD1480, with additional direct inhibition of endothelial cell function in vitro and in vivo. AZD1480 blocked lung infiltration of myeloid cells and formation of pulmonary metastases in both mouse syngeneic experimental and spontaneous metastatic models. Furthermore, AZD1480 reduced angiogenesis and metastasis in a human xenograft tumor model. Although the effects of AZD1480 on the tumor microenvironment were important for the observed antiangiogenic activity, constitutive activation of STAT3 in tumor cells themselves could block these antiangiogenic effects, showing the complexity of the JAK/STAT signaling network in tumor progression. Together, our results indicated that AZD1480 can effectively inhibit tumor angiogenesis and metastasis mediated by STAT3 in stromal cells as well as tumor cells. Cancer Res; 71(21); 6601–10. ©2011 AACR.