bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of parental history of diabetes and offspring birthweight on offspring glucose metabolism in adulthood
Authors: LAUENBORG JEANNET , JØRGENSEN MIE KW , DAMM PETER , MAJOR‐PEDERSEN ATHELINE , EIBERG HANS , URHAMMER SØREN , PEDERSEN OLUF , HANSEN TORBEN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground. Links are well established between both family history of diabetes and reduced birthweight and increased risk of diabetes in adulthood. Objectives. 1) To investigate the influence of parental history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on offspring birthweight and adult offspring glucose tolerance status in non‐diabetic offspring of patients with T2DM and 2) to study the associations of birthweight with measures of pancreatic beta‐cell function and insulin sensitivity. Design. Family cohort study. Population. Offspring of patients with verified T2DM diagnosed after age 40 years with a spouse without known diabetes. Methods. Oral glucose tolerance tests and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGT) in non‐diabetic offspring. Birthweight and length obtained from birth records. Results. Among 122 offspring with maternal history of T2DM, 14.8% had diabetes compared to 8.0% in 137 offspring with paternal history of diabetes, p=0.09. Offspring with maternal history of T2DM had a mean birthweight 196g higher than offspring with paternal T2DM (3 651±640g (mean±SD) vs. 3 456±472g (p=0.01)). Non‐diabetic offspring with birthweights in the lowest tertile had significantly higher plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [Area under the curveglucOGTT, mean (95%CI), 1 795 (1 725–1 866) vs. 1 683 (1 613–1 753) mmol/L/min, p=0.02], and lower insulin sensitivity index calculated from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test – Si 9.60 [10–5(min*pmol/L)–1] (8.23–10.97) vs. 11.79 (10.41–13.18), p=0.02 – in adulthood compared to offspring with birthweights in the upper tertile. Conclusions. Offspring with a family history of maternal T2DM have higher birthweights than those with paternal T2DM. Low birthweight associates with elevated plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose load and decreased insulin sensitivity in adulthood.
Clinical skills training in obstetrics – a descriptive survey of current practice in Denmark
Authors: MAAGAARD MATHILDE , JOHANSEN MARIANNE , LOTTRUP PERNILLE , SØRENSEN JETTE LED 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Danish National Board of Health has recommended that labor wards establish regular obstetric emergency skills training programs. The aim of this study was to describe current practice in Denmark. A questionnaire was sent to all obstetric departments in Denmark in 2008. All responded. Simulation‐based training was conducted in 26/28 obstetrical departments. Settings for the training programs were mainly local. Training was provided for shoulder dystocia, postpartum bleeding and basic neonatal resuscitation in almost all the departments, but was not organized in a uniform way. Neither the program itself nor the participants’ performance was evaluated in a structured or validated way. Obstetric emergency skills training is being actively conducted in the majority of the Danish labor wards. However, it still remains a challenge to ensure the uniform organization and evaluation of the current training programs. Development of validated national or international standards for an obstetric training program should be a future aim.
Multiple applications of flurbiprofen and chlorhexidine chips in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, double blind, parallel, 2‐arms clinical trial
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Hirsh Ilan , Falah Maher , Shoshani Eyal , Avramoff Avi , Penhasi Adel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimThe aim of the present randomized, double blind, parallel, 2‐arm clinical study was to examine the safety and efficacy of frequent applications of chlorhexidine chip (CHX) and flurbiprofen chip (FBP) in patients with chronic periodontitis.MethodsSixty patients were randomized into CHX and FBP groups. Following OHI and scaling and root planing (SRP), baseline pocket depth (PD) measurements, gingival recession and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and repeated at week 4 and 8. The assigned chip was placed at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.ResultsMean PD reduction in the CHX group was 2.08 mm (7.17 to 5.09, p < 0.0001). Mean PD reduction in the FBP group was 2.27 mm (6.72 to 4.45, p < 0.0001). Ninety‐seven percentage and 95% of these sites exhibited PD reduction ≥1 mm, while 38% and 34% of the sites exhibited PD ≥3 mm (FBP and CHX, respectively). Clinical attachment level gain (1.66 and 1.95 mm, respectively) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Baseline BOP dropped from 98% and 100% to 24% and 30% for the CHX and FBP groups, respectively (p < 0.0001).ConclusionFrequent applications of CHX and FBP chips resulted in a significant improvement in the periodontal condition in these sites. Furthermore studies will be required to compare this new treatment regimen to SRP or SRP with single chip application.
Daily variation in melatonin synthesis and arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Migliori María L. , Romanowski Andrés , Simonetta Sergio H. , Valdez Diego , Guido Mario , Golombek Diego A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Melatonin influences circadian rhythms and seasonal behavioral changes in vertebrates; it is synthesized from serotonin by N‐acetylation by arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AA‐NAT) and O‐methylation by N‐acetylserotonin methyltransferase. However, its physiology and function in invertebrate models are less understood. In this work, we studied daily variations in melatonin synthesis and AA‐NAT activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Under light–dark conditions (LD), a rhythmic pattern of melatonin levels was observed, with higher levels toward the middle of the night, peaking at zeitgeber time (ZT) 18, and with a minimum value around ZT0‐6. AA‐NAT activity showed a diurnal and circadian fluctuation with higher levels of activity during the early night, both under LD and constant darkness conditions. A peak was found around ZT12 and circadian time (CT) 12. In addition, we investigated whether this nocturnal AA‐NAT activity is inhibited by light. Our results show that both white and blue light pulses significantly inhibited AA‐NAT activity at ZT18. This work demonstrates the daily fluctuation of melatonin synthesis and AA‐NAT activity in the adult nematode C. elegans. In summary, this study takes additional advantage of an extremely useful invertebrate model system, which has only recently been exploited for circadian studies.
Study of temporomandibular joint disorder in older patients by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Badel Tomislav , Šimunković Sonja Kraljević , Marotti Miljenko , Lovko Sandra Kocijan , Kern Josipa , Krolo Ivan 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00552.xStudy of temporomandibular joint disorder in older patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Objectives:  To compare characteristics in older patients in a sample of the general population of those with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).Materials and methods:  A prospective study was carried out between 2001 and 2008 in patients with TMJD. The whole sample consisted of 141 patients divided in two groups: 31 patients aged over 60 (median age 67.9, ranging from 60 to 82) and the remaining 110 patients (median age 36.3, ranging from 12 to 59) who were seeking treatment. Clinical diagnostics was confirmed by MRI. Pain intensity was rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0‐10).Results:  There was no statistical difference between average pain in older patients (6.2) and patients aged up to 59 (5.7) evaluated by VAS. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002) in pain duration: older patients reported shorter duration of experienced pain (7.8 months) than patients aged up to 59 (12.2 months).Conclusion:  In this study, it was found that 22% were older patients with TMJD. A higher level of anxiety was shown in both patients’ groups, regardless of shorter pain experience in the older patients.
Oral health practices and beliefs among caregivers of the dependent elderly
Authors: Garrido Urrutia Constanza , Romo Ormazábal Fernando , Espinoza Santander Iris , Medics Salvo Darinka 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00553.xOral health practices and beliefs among caregivers of the dependent elderlyBackground:  Caregivers deal with oral health care of the dependent elderly; however, this has a low priority among them, and their education in daily oral care is deficient. Therefore, studying the oral care practices as well as their oral health beliefs is important as these affect the quality of the oral care they perform.Objective:  To compare formal and informal caregivers’ oral care practices and oral health beliefs when taking care of severely dependent elderly.Material and methods:  A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 21 formal caregivers from a long‐term residence and 18 informal caregivers from a local primary health care domiciliary programme. Caregivers were surveyed using a questionnaire designed to elicit oral care practices and oral health beliefs. The nursing Dental Coping Beliefs Scale questionnaire was translated and validated in Chile.Results:  Significant differences were observed between formal and informal caregivers’ performance of some oral health care practices. There were no significant differences between formal and informal caregivers’ oral health beliefs.Conclusions:  Although there are some differences in formal and informal caregivers’ oral health care practices, we cannot state that one caregiver’s performance is better than the other, in fact, negative oral health beliefs were found in both groups.
Iconicity in Language Processing and Acquisition: What Signed Languages Reveal
Authors: Thompson Robin L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThat linguistic form should be arbitrarily linked to meaning is generally taken as a fundamental feature of language. However, this paper explores the role of iconicity, or non‐arbitrary form‐meaning mappings for both language processing and language acquisition. Evidence from signed language research is presented showing that sign language users exploit iconicity in language processing. Further, iconicity may be at work in language acquisition serving to bridge the gap between conceptual representations and linguistic form. Signed languages are taken as a starting point since they tend to encode a higher degree of iconic form‐meaning mappings than is found for spoken languages, but the findings are more broadly applicable. Specifically, the emerging evidence argues against the dominant view that connections between linguistic form and meaning need be primarily arbitrary. Instead both arbitrariness and iconicity have a role to play in language.
Variation in Sign Languages: Recent Research on ASL and Beyond
Authors: Lucas Ceil , Bayley Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article summarizes early approaches to sociolinguistic research and the factors that condition variation in sign languages. The article then examines the methodological issues that arise in the study of sign languages before discussing recent research on variation in several different sign languages and dialects including Black ASL, Australian Sign Language, New Zealand Sign Language, and Italian Sign Language. This research shows that sign languages, like spoken languages, are subject to a wide range of internal and external constraints, some of which are particular to sign languages. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Use of Murine Bioassay to Resolve Ovine Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Cases Showing a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Molecular Profile
Authors: Beck Katy E. , Sallis Rosemary E. , Lockey Richard , Vickery Christopher M. , Béringue Vincent , Laude Hubert , Holder Thomas M. , Thorne Leigh , Terry Linda A. , Tout Anna C. , Jayasena Dhanushka , Griffiths Peter C. , Cawthraw Saira , Ellis Richard , Balkema‐Buschmann Anne , Groschup Martin H. , Simmons Marion M. , Spiropoulos John 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo cases of unusual transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) were diagnosed on the same farm in ARQ/ARQ PrP sheep showing attributes of both bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie. These cases, UK‐1 and UK‐2, were investigated further by transmissions to wild‐type and ovine transgenic mice. Lesion profiles (LP) on primary isolation and subpassage, incubation period (IP) of disease, PrPSc immunohistochemical (IHC) deposition pattern and Western blot profiles were used to characterize the prions causing disease in these sheep. Results showed that both cases were compatible with scrapie. The presence of BSE was contraindicated by the following: LP on primary isolation in RIII and/or MR (modified RIII) mice; IP and LP after serial passage in wild‐type mice; PrPSc deposition pattern in wild‐type mice; and IP and Western blot data in transgenic mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that each case generated two distinct PrPSc deposition patterns in both wild‐type and transgenic mice, suggesting that two scrapie strains coexisted in the ovine hosts. Critically, these data confirmed the original differential IHC categorization that these UK‐1 and UK‐2 cases were not compatible with BSE.
NEPHROTIC AND ANTI‐PHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROMES: MULTISYSTEM CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG PATIENTS
Authors: Javaid Muhammad M. , Grigoriou Antigoni , Katsianos Dimitrios , Kon Sui Phin 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAcute myocardial infarction is relatively uncommon in patients under the age of 40 years. Unlike the older patients where rupture of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque is the main underlying pathology, the pathogenesis in younger patients can be varied and may require different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Hypercoagulable state associated with nephrotic syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome can lead to the development of occlusive coronary artery thrombus in absence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Acute myocardial infarction in such a setting can sometimes be the first manifestation of an underlying disease. We describe a case of myocardial infarction in a young man with both nephrotic and antiphospho‐lipid syndromes and present a brief literature review.
Interleukin‐6 upregulates expression of ADAMTS‐4 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: MIMATA Yoshikuni , KAMATAKI Akihisa , OIKAWA Shinya , MURAKAMI Kenya , UZUKI Miwa , SHIMAMURA Tadashi , SAWAI Takashi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Aim:  A disintegrin‐like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 play crucial roles in the cleavage of aggrecan. Several recent studies have demonstrated the effect of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α and transforming growth factor‐β on the expression of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS). However, the effect of IL‐6 remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 in FLS of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after IL‐6 stimulation.
Method:  Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression and localization of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 in RA synovium. FLS isolated from RA patients were stimulated by IL‐6 and soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) in the presence or absence of anti‐IL‐6R antibody, and the expression levels of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 messenger RNA (mRNA) were assessed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the IL‐6 signaling pathway for regulation of ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 was also examined.
Results:  Staining for ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 was mainly observed in the sublining layer of synovial membrane and pannus. The expression of ADAMTS‐4 mRNA was increased by IL‐6/sIL‐6R, whereas that of ADAMTS‐5 was decreased. Anti‐IL‐6R antibody suppressed the effect of IL‐6/sIL‐6R. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibited the effect of IL‐6/sIL‐6R on ADAMTS‐4 mRNA expression in FLS. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor parthenolide inhibited the effect of IL‐6/sIL‐6R on ADAMTS‐4, and downregulated ADAMTS‐5 expression.
Conclusion:  These results suggest IL‐6 may participate in cartilage destruction in RA as an inducer of ADAMTS‐4 expression from FLS.
Hungry like the wolf: A word‐pattern analysis of the language of psychopaths
Authors: Hancock Jeffrey T. , Woodworth Michael T. , Porter Stephen 
Published: September 2011

Purpose.  This study used statistical text analysis to examine the features of crime narratives provided by psychopathic homicide offenders. Psychopathic speech was predicted to reflect an instrumental/predatory world view, unique socioemotional needs, and a poverty of affect.Methods.  Two text analysis tools were used to examine the crime narratives of 14 psychopathic and 38 non‐psychopathic homicide offenders. Psychopathy was determined using the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R). The Wmatrix linguistic analysis tool (Rayson, 2008) was used to examine parts of speech and semantic content while the Dictionary of Affect and Language (DAL) tool (Whissell & Dewson, 1986) was used to examine the emotional characteristics of the narratives.Results.  Psychopaths (relative to their counterparts) included more rational cause‐and‐effect descriptors (e.g., ‘because’, ‘since’), focused on material needs (food, drink, money), and contained fewer references to social needs (family, religion/spirituality). Psychopaths’ speech contained a higher frequency of disfluencies (‘uh’, ‘um’) indicating that describing such a powerful, ‘emotional’ event to another person was relatively difficult for them. Finally, psychopaths used more past tense and less present tense verbs in their narrative, indicating a greater psychological detachment from the incident, and their language was less emotionally intense and pleasant.Conclusions. These language differences, presumably beyond conscious control, support the notion that psychopaths operate on a primitive but rational level.
Identification and Immunological Characterization of Three Potential Vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium Species
Authors: Manque Patricio A. , Tenjo Fernando , Woehlbier Ute , Lara Ana M. , Serrano Myrna G. , Xu Ping , Alves João M. , Smeltz Ronald B. , Conrad Daniel H. , Buck Gregory A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites
Cryptosporidium hominis
and
Cryptosporidium parvum
, leading to acute, persistent, and chronic diarrhea with life-threatening consequences in immunocompromised individuals. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis in early childhood has been associated with subsequent significant impairment in growth, physical fitness, and intellectual abilities. Currently, vaccines are unavailable and chemotherapeutics are toxic and impractical, and agents for immunoprophylaxis or treatment of cryptosporidiosis are a high priority. Availability of the genome sequences for
C. hominis
and
C. parvum
provides new opportunities to procure and examine novel vaccine candidates. Using the novel approach of “reverse vaccinology,” we identified several new potential vaccine candidates. Three of these antigens—Cp15, profilin, and a
Cryptosporidium
apyrase—were delivered in heterologous prime-boost regimens as fusions with cytolysin A (ClyA) in a
Salmonella
live vaccine vector and as purified recombinant antigens, and they were found to induce specific and potent humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting their potential as new vaccinogens against
Cryptosporidium
infection.
Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Excretory-Secretory Antigen and Identification of a New Potential Diagnostic Marker
Authors: Wong Weng Kin , Tan Zi Ning , Othman Nurulhasanah , Lim Boon Huat , Mohamed Zeehaida , Olivos Garcia Alfonso , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Serodiagnosis of amoebiasis remains the preferred method for diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ALA). However, the commercially available kits are problematic in areas of endemicity due to the persistently high background antibody titers. Human serum samples (
n
= 38) from patients with ALA who live in areas of endemicity were collected from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia during the period of 2008 to 2010. Western blots using excretory-secretory antigen (ESA) collected from axenically grown
Entamoeba histolytica
were probed with the above serum samples. Seven antigenic proteins of ESA with various reactivities were identified, i.e., 152 kDa, 131 kDa, 123 kDa, 110 kDa, 100 kDa, 82 kDa, and 76 kDa. However, only the 152-kDa and 110-kDa proteins showed sensitivities above 80% in the Western blot analysis. All the antigenic proteins showed undetectable cross-reactivity when probed with healthy human serum samples (
n
= 30) and serum samples from other infections (
n
= 33). From the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–two-stage time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis, the proteins were identified as heavy subunits of
E. histolytica
lectin and
E. histolytica
pyruvate phosphate dikinase, respectively. Use of the
E. histolytica
lectin for diagnosis of ALA has been well reported by researchers and is being used in commercialized kits. However, this is the first report on the potential use of pyruvate phosphate dikinase for diagnosis of ALA; thus, this molecule merits further evaluation on its diagnostic value using a larger panel of serum samples.
Evaluation of Four Commercial Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection of Bordetella spp. in Nasopharyngeal Aspirates
Authors: Lanotte Philippe , Plouzeau Chloé , Burucoa Christophe , Grélaud Carole , Guillot Sophie , Guiso Nicole , Garnier Fabien 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the performances of 4 commercial real-time PCR kits for
Bordetella pertussis
IS
481
sequence detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates by comparison with an in-house real-time PCR assay. Among them, the Simplexa Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis assay (Focus Diagnostics), the SmartCycler
Bordetella pertussis
/
parapertussis
assay (Cepheid), and Bordetella R-gene (Argene) present sensitivities over 90%. One kit proved unsuitable for routine clinical use.
Aerococcus urinae and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Humphries Romney M. , Lee Courtney , Hindler Janet A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Aerococcus urinae
has been described as resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), but the test medium may affect this observation. Twenty-seven clinical isolates of
A. urinae
tested susceptible to SXT in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) plus lysed horse blood and resistant in CAMHB plus lysed sheep blood.