bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a patient consultation questionnaire and weighted numerical scoring system for the prediction of colorectal cancer and other colorectal pathology in symptomatic patients: A prospective cohort validation study of a Welsh population
Authors: Ballal M. S. , Selvachandran S. N. , Maw A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective  There is currently no system in widespread use that accurately prioritizes colorectal referrals in symptomatic patients with an acceptable degree of sensitivity and specificity. We have validated a weighted numerical scoring system for the prioritization of such colorectal referrals in an attempt to rectify this, with detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) the primary outcome.Method  We conducted a prospective study of symptomatic patients referred by primary care to the colorectal service in a district general hospital. A computer‐generated weighted numerical score (WNS) was derived from the primary symptoms and symptom combinations. Patients underwent colorectal investigations and a final diagnosis was established. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CRC detection as determined by the WNS, Department of Health (DOH) and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines was determined. Primary Care compliance with guidelines was analysed.Results  A definitive diagnosis was established in 3457 patients. One hundred and eighty‐six (5.4%) had CRC. The mean score for the cancer patients (76.9, 95%CI 72–81) was significantly higher than that of non‐cancer patients (52, 95%CI 52–53) P < 0.001. Receiver Operator Curve analysis demonstrates a high discriminatory power for the Patient Consultation Questionnaire (PCQ) with an area under curve of 0.76. Compliance by primary care with the nationally recommended referral guidelines was poor with only 55% and 58% compliance with DOH and National Institute for Clinical Excellence referral guidelines for suspected cancer respectively.Conclusion  The PCQ and the WNS is an efficient, objective system that allows the accurate prioritization of colorectal referrals with a high sensitivity for cancer and other serious colorectal pathologies.
Organizational Justice and Individuals' Withdrawal: Unlocking the Influence of Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Cole Michael S. , Bernerth Jeremy B. , Walter Frank , Holt Daniel T. 
Published: June 2009

abstractThis study examined the relationships between organizational justice and withdrawal outcomes and whether emotional exhaustion was a mediator of these linkages. Data were obtained from 869 military personnel and civil servants; using structural equation modelling techniques, we examined an integrative model that combines justice and stress research. Our findings suggest that individuals' justice perceptions are related to their psychological health. As predicted, emotional exhaustion mediated the linkages between distributive and interpersonal (but not procedural and informational) justice and individuals' withdrawal reactions. Results showed that distributive and interpersonal justice negatively related to emotional exhaustion and emotional exhaustion negatively related to organizational commitment which, in turn, negatively influenced turnover intentions. These findings were observed even when controlling for the presence of contingent‐reward behaviours provided by supervisors and individuals' psychological empowerment.
Relationship between ALS and the degree of cognitive impairment, markers of neurodegeneration and predictors for poor outcome. A prospective study
Authors: Rusina R. , Ridzoň P. , Kulišt'ák P. , Keller O. , Bartoš A. , Buncová M. , Fialová L. , Koukolík F. , Matěj R. 
Published: June 2009

Introduction:  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons and may be associated with impaired cognition. Reliable prognostic factors for ALS patients are still missing.Methods:  We prospectively included 67 patients, 42 women and 25 men, with clinically defined ALS. The disease severity was assessed and the patients underwent SPECT, lumbar puncture with determination of tau, hyperphosporylated tau (p‐tau) and beta‐amyloid and a detailed neuropsychological assessment using a standardized test battery. In patients who died, a detailed neuropathologic evaluation was performed.Results:  The mean survival duration was 26.8 months. The delay between the first signs and confirmation of the diagnosis was 12.75 months. Cognitive impairment did not have an impact on the evolution of the disease. There was no correlation between neuropsychological and SPECT findings. Higher age at onset, more pronounced handicap and elevated beta‐amyloid in the CSF were associated with shorter survival times. In brain tissue from nine of the deceased patients with ALS and dementia, all showed signs of comorbidity, six had hallmarks of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and three showed Alzheimer disease pathology. Brain tissues form 11 deceased ALS patients who did not show signs of dementia, had only changes compatible with a diagnosis of motor neuron disease.Conclusion:  In our prospective study, age, disease severity and CSF beta‐amyloid levels taken together were a risk factor suggesting shorter survival times. Dementia is relatively frequent in ALS and may be a consequence of either FTLD or result from co‐existing Alzheimer disease.
Early versus delayed initiation of entacapone in levodopa‐treated patients with Parkinson’s disease: a long‐term, retrospective analysis
Authors: Nissinen H. , Kuoppamäki M. , Leinonen M. , Schapira A. H. 
Published: June 2009

Background:  We analysed data from three clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with wearing‐off to determine whether early enhancement of levodopa therapy with entacapone can lead to better long‐term outcomes than delayed entacapone treatment.Methods:  Post‐hoc analysis of pooled data from three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies and their long‐term, open‐label extension phases. In all three studies, patients on levodopa/dopa‐decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI) were first randomized to entacapone (‘early‐start’ group) or placebo (‘delayed‐start’ group) for the initial 6‐month double‐blind phase, after which all patients received open‐label levodopa/DDCI and entacapone treatment for up to 5 years.Results:  A total of 488 PD patients with wearing‐off were included in the analysis. A statistically significant benefit of early initiation of levodopa/DDCI and entacapone was found, with an improvement in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (motor) score of −1.66 (95% confidence intervals [−3.01, −0.31]) points compared with the delayed‐start treatment group (P < 0.05). Levodopa/DDCI and entacapone therapy was well tolerated. There was no excess of dyskinesia in the early‐start group.Conclusions:  These data suggest that early rather than delayed addition of entacapone to levodopa/DDCI in PD patients with wearing‐off provides a modest clinical benefit over levodopa/DDCI that is maintained for up to 5 years.
Hypoceruloplasminemia‐related movement disorder without Kayser‐Fleischer rings is different from Wilson disease and not involved in ATP7B mutation
Authors: Lirong J. , Jianjun J. , Hua Z. , Guoqiang F. , Yuhao Z. , Xiaoli P. , Xiaomin Z. , Yuwen Z. , Yu M. , Jie C. , Jihong D. , Yueshi M. , Zhenyao M. , Chunjiu Z. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  To explore the relationship between hypoceruloplasminemia‐related movement disorder (HCMD) without Kayser‐Fleischer rings in Wilson disease (WD) and ATP7B gene mutation.Methods:  Clinical feature, serum ceruloplasmin (CP), total serum copper, non‐CP‐bound serum copper (nCC), urine copper, and ATP7B gene sequence were investigated in 24 patients with HCMD.Results:  The patients with HCMD exhibited a long‐term stable course of diseases. Serum CP in HCMD group (0.178 ± 0.025 g/l) was lower than healthy control group (0.291 ± 0.049 g/l, P < 0.05). Total serum copper in HCMD group was 0.578 ± 0.284 μg/l and was lower than normal lower limit obviously (≤0.80 μg/l). nCC was 0.143 ± 0.073 μg/l and reached 29.18 ± 19.61% of total serum copper. Urine copper in HCMD group was 303.82 ± 225.68 μg/24 h and was higher than normal upper limit obviously (≤70 μg/24 h). A heterozygous nonsense mutation of single nucleotide acid was found in one patient with spasmodic torticollis. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were found and their frequencies were not different between health control group and HCMD group. Four patients exhibited consistent sequence of ATP7B gene listed by GeneBank without any mutation and SNP.Conclusion:  Hypoceruloplasminemia‐related movement disorder without Kayser‐Fleischer rings, which exhibits mild low serum CP and a long‐term stability of disease course, is different from WD and not associated with ATP7B gene mutation. Further investigation of molecular biology should be encouraged.
Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin
Authors: Gorouhi F. , Maibach H. I. 
Published: June 2009

SynopsisAgeing, a basic biological process seen in all living creatures, is not preventable. Surgical and topical modalities have been invented and substances were applied topically to alter the ageing process. Peptides and proteins, frequently used for this purpose, were categorized into four groups: signal peptides, enzyme‐inhibitor peptides, neurotransmitter‐inhibitor peptides and carrier peptides. We comprehensively review eligible studies ‐including controlled ex vivo or in vivo efficacy studies on any topical peptide or protein that has been administered to treat signs and symptoms of ageing.
The Influence of Lynn White, jr.'sMedieval Technology and Social Change
Authors: Worthen Shana 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLynn White, jr. publishedMedieval Technology and Social Changein 1962. A reflection of his lifelong interest in the Middle Ages, combined with his realization of the benefits of studying a civilization through its material culture, White's work helped to create the field of the history of medieval technology. Controversial, inspiring, and accessible, the influence of this book continues to affect the work of a wide variety of scholars. White's contentious ‘stirrup thesis’ suggested that the stirrup's introduction to Europe from Asia in the Carolingian period enabled the development of feudalism, which concept was itself highly problematic. His work on the plow, the horse harness, and three‐field crop rotation, and the degree to which they affected Europe's post‐Roman population shift, is still debated. Mechanical power may not have led to a medieval industrial revolution as White claimed, but wind, water, and chemical power developments, along with the development of the crank, still substantially altered medieval agricultural and industrial production.Medieval Technology and Social Change, for all its flaws, is still a highly readable work of history, in part because of its multi‐disciplinary use of archeology, etymology, economic history, art history, and iconography to frame its central sociocultural and technological arguments, and it is used widely by historians of the Middle Ages, technology, agriculture, and military history alike. This article surveys the historiography of the book, especially its influence on and discussions in recent histories.
Women and War in Latin America, 1950–2000
Authors: Bayard de Volo Lorraine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWar is broadly and historically considered to be the most masculine of domains, and histories of war tend to reflect this conception. As the historian's lens adjusts to focus on women and war, it expands the scope through which to study war and we engage more closely with categories of people not traditionally viewed as central to war stories: mothers of soldiers, prostitutes, rape victims. Scholarship on war, even when it includes women, tends to focus upon the great powers. With further adjustments to the historical lens, Latin American wars also come into view. Women have long participated in struggles for liberation and other wars in Latin America, yet scholarship on this history is still fairly new and emergent. This article provides a synthesis of scholarship on women and war in Latin America from 1950 to 2000. Such a synthesis entails going beyond the more familiar accounts of women as maternal peacemakers or combatants to include women's support for military dictatorships, prostitutes’ work as rebel spies, and maternal anti‐draft activists. As we incorporate a broader array of women's roles in war, we stand to gain new insights into the history of war itself – how war has been conducted, the mundane but absolutely essential tasks required to keep a military functioning, and the popular support necessary to fill the ranks.
Life Threatening Complication Associated with Anesthesia in a Dog with Masticatory Muscle Myositis
Authors: NANAI BEATRIX , PHILLIPS LESLEY , CHRISTIANSEN JEFFREY , SHELTON G. DIANE 
Published: June 2009

Objective— To report a serious complication in a dog with masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) that occurred during general anesthesia for diagnostic testing.Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 2‐year‐old male Pug.Methods— MMM was diagnosed in a Pug with a 2‐week history of trismus by electrodiagnostics, histopathology, and 2M antibody test. During anesthesia tongue protrusion occurred and because of trismus, an inability to reposition the tongue resulted in venous congestion and severe swelling. Forceful physical attempts and subsequent removal of the rostral digastricus and masseter muscle attachments from the mandible did not increase jaw mobility. Mandibular symphysiotomy was necessary to resolve lingual venous congestion and to reposition the tongue into the oral cavity.Results— Tongue swelling rapidly subsided after symphysiotomy allowing the tongue to be repositioned into the oral cavity. After treatment of MMM with corticosteroids, jaw range of motion improved and at 6 months was ∼70% normal.Conclusions— Trismus could not be overcome by detachment of the masseter and digastricus muscle insertions from the mandible, and symphysiotomy was required to reposition the tongue in the oral cavity.Clinical Relevance—In dogs with MMM, tongue position should be monitored during anesthesia to avoid inadvertent protrusion and swelling from venous congestion. Use of anesthetic monitoring equipment on the tongue, such as a pulse oximeter probe, should be avoided in these patients.
Cemented Total Knee Replacement in 24 Dogs: Surgical Technique, Clinical Results, and Complications
Authors: ALLEN MATTHEW J. , LEONE KENDALL A. , LAMONTE KIMBERLY , TOWNSEND KATY L. , MANN KENNETH A. 
Published: June 2009

Objective— To characterize the performance of cemented total knee replacement (TKR) in dogs.Study Design— Preclinical research study.Animals— Skeletally mature, male Hounds (25–30 kg; n=24) with no preexisting joint pathology.Methods— Dogs had unilateral cemented TKR and were evaluated at 6, 12, 26, or 52 weeks (6 dogs/time point) by radiography, bone density analysis, visual gait assessment, and direct measurement of thigh circumference and stifle joint range of motion as indicators of functional recovery. At study end, the stability of the cemented tibial component was determined by destructive mechanical testing.Results— Joint stability was excellent in 16 dogs (67%) and good in 8 dogs. None of the tibial components had evidence of migration or periprosthetic osteolysis whereas 1 femoral component was loose at 52 weeks. There was an early and significant decrease in tibial bone density, likely because of disuse of the operated limb. Dogs returned to full activity by 12 weeks. The tibial cement–bone interface maintained its strength over 52 weeks.Conclusions— Cement provides stable fixation of the tibial component in canine TKR.Clinical Relevance— Cemented TKR yields adequate clinical function and stifle joint excursion in the dog. Clinical studies are needed to determine the long‐term fate of cemented TKR implants, to assess the influence of implant design on implant fixation and wear, and to obtain objective functional data.
Canine Total Knee Replacement: Surgical Technique and One‐Year Outcome
Authors: LISKA WILLIAM D. , DOYLE NANCY D. 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To describe a surgical technique for total knee replacement (TKR) in dogs with severe osteoarthritis (OA) and report 1‐year outcome.Study Design—Prospective clinical case study.Animals—Dogs (n=6) with severe stifle OA.Methods—Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were compared after 6 dogs had TKR. Data gathered included radiographs, goniometric measures of passive range of motion, ground reaction forces, and girth measurements of the thigh before surgery and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year.Results—Stifle extension and excursion angles were significantly improved by 3 months after TKR. Mean peak vertical force and impulse were significantly improved by 6 months.Conclusions—TKR is a viable treatment option for dogs with severe stifle OA.Clinical Relevance—With continued refinement of surgical technique, instrumentation, and implants, TKR could become a reliable treatment for dogs with disabling, painful nonseptic stifle OA.
Partial Right Ventriculectomy Using the Incised Patch Technique to Treat Double Chambered Right Ventricle and Chylothorax in a Cat
Authors: BROCKMAN DANIEL J. , BORER KATE E. , BAINES STEPHEN J. , HUGHES DEZ , FUENTES VIRGINIA LUIS 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To report successful surgical treatment of double chambered right ventricle (DCRV) in a cat.Study Design—Clinical report.Animals—Cat with DCRV.Methods—DCRV was diagnosed in a 5‐month‐old male Maine Coon cat using echocardiography and angiocardiography. At 2 years, despite medical therapy, chylothorax developed. A section of the right ventricular free wall that spanned the fibromuscular obstruction was excised under total venous inflow occlusion (TVIO) using the incised pericardial patch technique.Results—Short‐term recovery was complicated by return of chylothorax but this resolved after thoracocentesis and diuretic therapy. Three years after surgery, the cat is free of clinical signs and no longer on any medical therapy.Conclusions—Partial right ventriculectomy can be performed under TVIO through an incised pericardial patch.Clinical Relevance—DCRV in cat can be successfully treated by partial right ventriculectomy performed under TVIO through an incised pericardial patch.
Surgical Treatment of Gastric Outflow Obstruction in 40 Foals
Authors: ZEDLER STEVEN T. , EMBERTSON ROLF M. , BERNARD WILLIAM V. , BARR BONNIE S. , BOSTON RAYMOND C. 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To report short‐ and long‐term survival and factors affecting outcome of foals after surgical correction of gastric outflow obstruction.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Foals (n=40) aged 5–180 days.Methods—Clinical signs, laboratory data, diagnostic imaging, surgical findings, surgical procedures, medical treatment, and necropsy findings were retrieved from medical records. Outcome was obtained by reviewing performance, sales, and produce records or by telephone conversations with the owners.Results—Gastric outflow obstruction was treated by gastroduodenostomy or by gastrojejunostomy with or without jejunojejunostomy. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 36 of 39 foals that survived to hospital discharge; 25 (69%) survived >2 years. All 8 foals with pyloric obstruction survived >2 years, whereas only 11 of 21 (52%) foals with duodenal obstruction survived >2 years. Six of 8 foals with obstruction of the duodenum and pylorus survived >2 years. Obstruction of the duodenum, adhesions to the duodenum, and postoperative ileus were significantly associated with decreased long‐term survival.Conclusions—Long‐term outcome after gastric bypass procedures was substantially improved compared with previous reports. Factors that may have contributed to improved survival include better case selection and performing the gastrojejunostomy with the jejunum aligned from left to right.Clinical Relevance—The prognosis for long‐term survival after surgical bypass of pyloric obstruction is excellent. The overall prognosis for long‐term survival after surgical bypass of duodenal obstruction is fair but should be considered guarded in those with pre‐existing duodenal adhesions.
Cementless Total Hip Replacement in an Alpaca
Authors: ORTVED KYLA F. , KROTSCHECK URSULA , COLLINS SAMANTHA A. , RAWLINSON JEREMY J. , DYCE JONATHAN 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To report management of a chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in an alpaca using cementless total hip replacement (THR).Study Design—Case report.Animal—An 18‐month‐old, 47 kg alpaca male.Methods—Cementless THR was performed in an alpaca with a chronic, right SCFE, and secondary osteoarthritis. Force plate gait analysis was performed before and 8 weeks after surgery. Outcome was determined through clinical evaluation, radiography, and force plate gait analysis.Results—Cementless THR resulted in marked improvement in the alpaca's comfort level, degree of lameness, and range of motion. On preoperative force plate gait analysis there was decreased contact time (P=.01) and vertical impulse (P<.01) of the affected limb, whereas at 8 weeks postoperatively significant differences in gait analysis between pelvic limbs were not apparent.Conclusion—THR using a BioMedtrix®canine cementless modular prosthesis restored hip function in an alpaca with coxofemoral osteoarthritis from chronic SCFE.Clinical Relevance—THR may be an appropriate treatment for selected traumatic and degenerative conditions of the coxofemoral joint in alpacas.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Tibial Plateau Osteotomy on the Proximal Tibial Soft Tissue Envelope With and Without the Use of Protective Gauze Sponges
Authors: FARRELL MICHAEL , CALVO IGNACIO , CLARKE STEPHEN P. , BARRON RONNIE , COURCIER EMILY , CARMICHAEL STUART 
Published: June 2009

Objective— To investigate the effect of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on the proximal tibial soft tissue envelope with and without use of protective gauze sponges, and to determine whether the action of an oscillating saw blade on the gauze sponges would result in retention of particulate cotton debris.Study Design— Cadaveric study.Animals— Medium to large breed dog cadavers (n=10; 20 pelvic limbs).Methods— TPLO was performed using the currently recommended technique involving dissection of the proximal tibial soft tissue envelope and its protection using cotton gauze sponges. In paired limbs, the procedure was repeated but no attempt was made to retract and protect the proximal tibial soft tissue envelope. Damage to the soft tissue envelope and presence of gross particulate cotton debris were investigated by direct observation and photographic analysis. Presence of microscopic cotton debris was investigated using light microscopic analysis of wound lavage fluid.Results— No soft‐tissue trauma was found in gauze sponge‐protected specimens. When protective gauze sponges were not used, full‐thickness (sagittal plane) lacerations to the caudoproximal tibial muscle group occurred in all specimens with a mean craniocaudal width of 9.5 mm (range 2–12 mm). The cranial tibial muscle was traumatized in only 1 specimen without protective gauze sponges. Trauma to the popliteal vessels was not identified in any specimen. No gross cotton debris was identified, but microscopic cotton fibers (diameter, 7–35 μm) were identified in lavage fluid from all gauze sponge‐protected specimens.Conclusions— Use of protective gauze sponges is effective in protecting the proximal tibial soft tissue envelope from an oscillating TPLO saw blade, but results in retention of microscopic cotton particulate debris within the operative site. Significant soft tissue trauma is seen only in the caudoproximal tibial muscle group if protective gauze sponges are not used.Clinical Relevance— Retraction and protection of the caudoproximal tibial soft tissue envelope is recommended during TPLO; however, to prevent retention of microscopic particulate cotton debris, alternatives to cotton gauze sponges should be considered as protective devices.