bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting systems of continuity equations in spaces of probability measures through PDE duality
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Gómez-Castro David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe introduce a notion of duality solution for a single or a system of transport equations in spaces of probability measures reminiscent of the viscosity solution notion for nonlinear parabolic equations. Our notion of solution by duality is, under suitable assumptions, equivalent to gradient flow solutions in case the single/system of equations has this structure. In contrast, we can deal with a quite general system of nonlinear non-local, diffusive or not, system of PDEs without any variational structure.
The stingless bee Trigona fulviventris prefers sweet and salty over savory nectar
Authors: Villagómez Gemma Nydia , Spaethe Johannes , Leonhardt Sara Diana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNectar, an important reward in plant-pollinator interactions, mainly provides sugars, but also other nutrients. Nectar sugar content is known to affect pollinator preferences, while the effect of other nectar nutrients on flower visitor choices is less well understood. To explore whether nectar nutrients affect the foraging preferences of the stingless bee Trigona fulviventris, we conducted feeding choice experiments with sucrose solution enriched with either an amino acid mixture (in high and low concentrations), sodium chloride (table salt), a fatty acid mixture, or quinine (a bitter tasting substance used as negative control) against pure sucrose solution in a lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. Bees were first trained to feeders presenting either a yellow (only sucrose solution) or a blue (sucrose solution plus tested substance) visual cue that the bees could use to associate with the solution content. They were subsequently offered a choice between the blue and yellow feeders in an unrewarded test. The bees preferred pure sucrose solutions over sucrose solutions with quinine, amino acids, or fatty acids, but not over solutions with salt. Our findings indicate that T. fulviventris is able to differentiate various nutrients in nectar and prefers pure sucrose solution or sucrose solutions with salt. Sugar and salt may therefore represent important nutrients in nectar and are likely key cues to assess nectar quality in tropical stingless bees. In contrast, other nutrients appear to compromise the bees’ taste for nectar and are likely obtained from other sources.
Successful treatment of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis probably due to Benikoji CholesteHelp®, a supplement containing red yeast rice
Authors: Maiguma Masayuki , Kihara Masao , Hamaguchi Maki , Kobayashi Takashi , Yamada Koshi , Takagi Miyuki , Saeki Harumi , Gohda Tomohito , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Red yeast rice has been used to produce alcoholic beverages and various fermented foods especially in East Asia. Since around March 2024, there have been many cases of kidney dysfunction in people who have taken certain supplements containing red yeast rice in Japan. We experienced a case of acute kidney injuries induced after taking a supplement containing red yeast rice. A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to renal dysfunction suspected to be caused by taking the supplement Benikoji CholesteHelp®, which contains red yeast rice. With elevations of urinary tubular injury markers such as urinary β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, serum creatinine levels were elevated up to 2.75 mg/dL. A kidney biopsy revealed a diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis with lymphocytic infiltration of the interstitium, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrotic changes. After discontinuation of the supplement and initiation of the prednisolone treatment, renal dysfunction rapidly improved. The course of this case suggests tubular damage caused by the supplements containing red yeast rice. For early diagnosis and treatment, it should be noted that even what are regarded as nutritional health supplements can cause renal dysfunction.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity and In Vivo Antiproliferative Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bunium bulbocastanum Seed Against Prostatic Neoplasia
Authors: Kamal Mehta Vedant , Pai Sreedhara Ranganath K. , Hari Gangadhar , Priya Keerthi , Godkhindi Vishwapriya Mahadev , Pai Ananth , Dikhit Punit Singh , Belle Vijetha Shenoy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Several in vitro investigations of the therapeutic characteristics of B. bulbocastanum have shown that it has cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial effects. It also exhibits antioxidant and anticancer effects. When the ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum was examined for its phytochemical composition, it was found to be rich in phenolic compounds and had significant cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cell lines. The prostate length-to-weight ratio was significantly higher in vivo in the ethyl acetate fraction-treated group. Compared to the disease control group, histopathological examination of the ethyl acetate-treated group revealed a reduction in inflammation and malignant lesions, confirming its antiproliferative efficacy. According to serum biochemistry, acid phosphatase and PSA levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were significantly lower than those in the disease control group. When compared to the disease control group, malondialdehyde levels in the ethyl acetate fraction treatment group were likewise reduced dramatically. However, in the group treated with the ethyl acetate fraction, glutathione levels increased considerably. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. bulbocastanum may have cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential, both in vitro and in vivo.
Deciphering the wheat seed core mycobiome of two Egyptian cultivars (Giza 171 and Sids 14) by using high throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 region
Authors: Abdelsalam Sobhy S. H. , Mugwanya Muziri , Gad Ahmed G. , Basyony Ayman B. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop throughout the world. The seed mycobiome is the primary inoculum affecting the overall health and productivity of wheat plants. Seed-borne fungi can have an impact on the production of wheat and cause health complications upon consumption. Therefore, for durable and sustainable wheat production, it is imperative to characterise the wheat mycobiome. The rationale of this study was to investigate the wheat seed mycobiome of two Egyptian wheat cultivars (Sids 14 and Giza 171) using a culture-independent technique. The fungal community in 6 wheat seed samples was identified by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 region using the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 162 genera, 111 families, 55 orders and 25 classes have been identified. The fungal communities detected varied between seed samples, with a higher abundance of Ascomycota followed by Basidiomycota. Potential beneficial and pathogenic genera could be detected. Interestingly, a higher abundance of Vishniacozyma, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Blumeria, Stymphylium, Fusarium, Filobasidium, and Alternaria was observed in the samples. Both Anthracocystis and Nigrospora were detected exclusively in T. aestivum cv. Giza 171. These results open new avenues for further investigation on the role of the mycobiome in Egyptian wheat cultivars. Ultimately, precise identification of both beneficial and pathogenic fungal genera could be accomplished.
Impact of Contrasting Rates of Phosphate Fertiliser Addition in Two Vertisols: Effects of Fresh Application and Residual Fertiliser on Sorption and Plant Uptake
Authors: Raymond Nelly S. , van der Bom Frederik J. T. , Janke Chelsea , Bell Michael J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCropping systems in many sub-tropical and tropical regions rely on phosphorus (P) fertilisers to maintain crop yields. However, crop responses are often spatially and temporally inconsistent. This study evaluated P availability from dispersed applications of fresh phosphate fertiliser and their residual effect in two contrasting Vertisols - a major soil type for crop production. We collected soils that had received mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser four years prior to sampling (residual), as well as unfertilised soils to which we applied MAP at equivalent rates (‘fresh’). Soil P tests quantified the potential P availability arising from the residual and fresh P applications, and P sorption curves were generated to describe the P sorption/desorption dynamics. A 45-day pot trial evaluated wheat growth and P uptake from fresh and residual P applications in both soils. Soil tests and sorption curves reflected differences in P addition in the two soils, although the sorption characteristics did not differ appreciably in response to residual P. Crop growth and P uptake strongly increased with increasing P availability, with greater responses for the freshly applied P. Low P recovery from aged fertiliser applications demonstrated that the availability of residual P for crop uptake after dispersed applications is limited in Vertisols. P-tests and sorption measurements could collectively capture potential soil P reactions and plant P availability in two contrasting Vertisols. Residual P benefits from dispersed applications remained low. Enrichment in a defined soil volume (i.e., banding) merits further investigation in this soil type.
Generalized Moment Estimators Based on Stein Identities
Authors: Nik Simon , Weiß Christian H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor parameter estimation of continuous and discrete distributions, we propose a generalization of the method of moments (MM), where Stein identities are utilized for improved estimation performance. The construction of these Stein-type MM-estimators makes use of a weight function as implied by an appropriate form of the Stein identity. Our general approach as well as potential benefits thereof are first illustrated by the simple example of the exponential distribution. Afterward, we investigate the more sophisticated two-parameter inverse Gaussian distribution and the two-parameter negative-binomial distribution in great detail, together with illustrative real-world data examples. Given an appropriate choice of the respective weight functions, their Stein-MM estimators, which are defined by simple closed-form formulas and allow for closed-form asymptotic computations, exhibit a better performance regarding bias and mean squared error than competing estimators.
It is not just ‘the opposite of jealousy’: a Buddhist perspective on the emotion of compersion in consensually non-monogamous relationships
Authors: Yuen Hin Sing , Zörlein Luu , Walter Sven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Compersion is an affective state commonly discussed in the context of consensually non-monogamous relationships. It is typically described as a positive emotional reaction to one’s partner’s enjoying time and/or intimacy with another person, sort of ‘the opposite of jealousy’. Recent years have seen an increased interest in this seemingly startling emotion. Part of what makes understanding compersion so difficult is the mononormative expectations of our culture. We suggest that a non-Western, in particular Buddhist, perspective might be more helpful to understand that love and/or intimacy need not be an affair between two people only. We approach compersion through a Buddhist lens based on the ‘four immeasurables’, i.e. non-egocentric states that Buddhists take to promote well-being, and their ‘near enemies’, i.e. states which are easily conflated with them, but egocentric and harmful. Our goal is not to formulate a definition of compersion, nor to raise a normative bar for anyone who feels compersion, but to describe important facets of it that stand out more clearly against a Buddhist background than they might otherwise do. Such an approach not only enriches our understanding of compersion but contributes to people’s flourishing in all kinds of relationships and shows that non-monogamous relationships might be compatible with some forms of Buddhist practice.
Navigating the chromium conundrum: a review of heavy metal stress and bioremediation strategies
Authors: Jena Pooja , Hembram Padmalochan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChromium contamination in soil, primarily originating from anthropogenic activities has always been a significant threat to plant and ecosystem health. Key factors influencing Cr-induced stress responses including oxidative stress, altered nutrient uptake and disruption of cellular processes are elucidated. The alterations in the signalling pathways & molecular reactions due to Chromium stress, leads to an abnormal production of certain harmful compounds like ROS and other secondary metabolites in the plant cells. These compounds must either be removed or detoxified for the plant to function normally and survive. This review provides an overview of the different signalling pathways, role of genes and proteins, hormesis effect of Cr, alterations in enzymatic activities and the physiological response of the plants. The role of biochar & microbes in bioremediation, hyper-accumulator plants in phytoremediation emerges as a natural yet effective solution in detoxifying the pollutants. The impacts and potential mitigation strategies to minimize and restore the contamination caused in the ecosystem is emphasized. This review provides valuable insights into the multifaceted interactions between plants and Cr stress. It also focuses on mitigating it by bioremediation mechanisms for sustainable environmental management.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability in the Distribution and Removal of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Amazon River Plume
Authors: Martineac Rachel P. , Castelao Renato M. , Medeiros Patricia M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Amazon River is a large source of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) to the Atlantic Ocean. The fate of this tDOC in the ocean remains unclear despite its importance to the global carbon cycle. Here, we used two decades of satellite ocean color to describe variability in tDOC in the Amazon River plume. Our analyses showed that tDOC distribution has a distinct seasonal pattern, reaching northwest toward the Caribbean during high discharge periods, and moving eastward entrained in the North Brazil Current retroflection during low discharge periods. Elevated tDOC content extended beyond the shelfbreak in all months of the year, suggesting that cross‐shelf carbon transport occurs year‐round. Maximum variability was found at the plume core, where seasonality accounted for 40% of the total variance, while interannual variability accounted for 15% of the variance. Our results revealed a seasonal pattern in tDOC removal over the shelf with increased consumption in May when river discharge is high. Anomalies in tDOC removal over the shelf with respect to the seasonal cycle were significantly correlated with anomalies in tDOC concentration offshore of the shelfbreak with a lag of 30–40 days, so that anomalously high inshore tDOC removal was associated with anomalously low tDOC content offshore. This suggests that variability in the offshore transport of tDOC in the Amazon River plume is modulated by interannual changes in tDOC removal over the shelf.
Effect of Iron Content on the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Orthopyroxene
Authors: Guo Xinzhuan , Feng Bo , Zhang Baohua , Zhai Shuangmeng , Xue Weihong , Song Yunke , Song Yuping , Yan Xinxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe thermal properties of major minerals play a key role in understanding the internal dynamic mechanism and thermal evolution of the Earth and rocky planets. In this study, we first investigated the effect of Fe on the thermal conductivity (κ) and the thermal diffusivity (D) of orthopyroxene at 1–3 GPa and 293–873 K by the transient plane source method. The κ and D both decrease with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. With increasing Fe content, the two parameters both quickly decrease from the beginning and then slack off. We further modeled the thermal evolution of S‐type asteroids, which strongly depends on the composition model and the dimension of the planet. Combining the present data with surface heat flow and heat production, the lunar's geotherm until 1,400 km is constructed. The core‐mantle boundary temperature of the Moon is refined from 1,883 to 1,754 K.
A Seasonally Delayed Sea Ice Response and Arctic Amplification During the Last Glacial Inception
Authors: Xu Shan , Krebs‐Kanzow Uta , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe last glacial inception (LGI) marks the transition from the interglacial warm climate to the glacial period with extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and colder climate. This transition is initiated by decreasing boreal summer insolation but requires positive feedbacks to stimulate the appearance of perennial snow. We perform simulations of LGI with climate model AWI‐ESM‐2.1, forced by the astronomical and greenhouse gas forcing of 115,000 years before present. To compare with the preindustrial (PI) simulation, we use a consistent definition of the seasons during the LGI and the PI and evaluate model output on an angular astronomical calendar. Our study reveals a prominent role of the sea‐ice albedo feedback to amplify the delayed climate signal at polar latitudes. Through a radiative budget analysis, we examine that the ice‐albedo feedback exceeds the shortwave radiative forcing, contributing to the cooling and high latitude snow built‐up during LGI.
Integrative single-cell and bulk transcriptomes analyses reveals heterogeneity of serine-glycine-one-carbon metabolism with distinct prognoses and therapeutic vulnerabilities in HNSCC
Authors: Wang Lixuan , Yang Rongchun , Kong Yue , Zhou Jing , Chen Yingyao , Li Rui , Chen Chuwen , Tang Xinran , Chen Xiaobing , Xia Juan , Chen Xijuan , Cheng Bin , Ren Xianyue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This highlights the urgent need to delineate the intrinsic heterogeneity and biological roles of metabolic vulnerabilities to advance precision oncology. The metabolic heterogeneity of malignant cells was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles and validated through bulk transcriptomes. Serine–glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) metabolism was screened out to be responsible for the aggressive malignant properties and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. A 4-SGOC gene prognostic signature, constructed by LASSO-COX regression analysis, demonstrated good predictive performance for overall survival and therapeutic responses. Patients in the low-risk group exhibited greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cells, and demonstrated better clinical outcomes after receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Conversely, high-risk patients exhibited characteristics of cold tumors, with enhanced IMPDH1-mediated purine biosynthesis, resulting in poor responses to current therapies. IMPDH1 emerged as a potential therapeutic metabolic target. Treatment with IMPDH inhibitors effectively suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by triggering GTP-exhaustion nucleolar stress. Our findings underscore the metabolic vulnerabilities of HNSCC in facilitating accurate patient stratification and individualized precise metabolic-targeted treatment.
Mediating effect of adiponectin between free fatty acid and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with diabetes
Authors: Xia Zhang , Shi Shulong , Ma Xiaoqing , Li Feng , Li Xinya , Gaisano Herbert Y. , Zhao Mingyang , Li Yuhao , He Yan , Jiang Jiajia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Increased free fatty acid (FFA) promotes adiponectin secretion in healthy subjects and induces inflammation in diabetes. Given the potential pro-inflammatory role of adiponectin in “adiponectin paradox”, we performed this study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the association of FFA with adiponectin and to investigate whether adiponectin mediates FFA-related inflammation.

Methods
This cross-sectional study consisted of adult patients with T2DM. FFA, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed from fasting venous blood after overnight fasting for at least 8 h. Multivariable linear regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis were performed to identify the association between FFA and adiponectin. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the mediating effect of adiponectin on the association between FFA and TNF-α.

Results
This study included 495 participants, with 332 males (67.1%) and a mean age of 47.0 ± 11.2 years. FFA was positively associated with adiponectin (b = 0.126, 95%CI: 0.036–0.215, P = 0.006) and was the main contributor to the increase of adiponectin (standardized b = 0.141). The RCS analysis demonstrated that adiponectin increased with FFA when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L but did not further increase thereafter (Poverall < 0.001 and Pnon-linear < 0.001). In addition, adiponectin mediated the association between FFA and TNF-α. The mediating effect was 0.08 (95%CI: 0.03–0.13, P = 0.003) and the mediating effect percentage was 26.8% (95%CI: 4.5–49.2, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
In patients with T2DM, FFA was positively associated with adiponectin when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L. Elevated adiponectin mediated FFA-related inflammation. This study may provide insights into the pro-inflammatory effect of adiponectin in T2DM.
A novel blood-based epigenetic biosignature in first-episode schizophrenia patients through automated machine learning
Authors: Karaglani Makrina , Agorastos Agorastos , Panagopoulou Maria , Parlapani Eleni , Athanasis Panagiotis , Bitsios Panagiotis , Tzitzikou Konstantina , Theodosiou Theodosis , Iliopoulos Ioannis , Bozikas Vasilios-Panteleimon , Chatzaki Ekaterini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic, severe, and complex psychiatric disorder that affects all aspects of personal functioning. While SCZ has a very strong biological component, there are still no objective diagnostic tests. Lately, special attention has been given to epigenetic biomarkers in SCZ. In this study, we introduce a three-step, automated machine learning (AutoML)-based, data-driven, biomarker discovery pipeline approach, using genome-wide DNA methylation datasets and laboratory validation, to deliver a highly performing, blood-based epigenetic biosignature of diagnostic clinical value in SCZ. Publicly available blood methylomes from SCZ patients and healthy individuals were analyzed via AutoML, to identify SCZ-specific biomarkers. The methylation of the identified genes was then analyzed by targeted qMSP assays in blood gDNA of 30 first-episode drug-naïve SCZ patients and 30 healthy controls (CTRL). Finally, AutoML was used to produce an optimized disease-specific biosignature based on patient methylation data combined with demographics. AutoML identified a SCZ-specific set of novel gene methylation biomarkers including IGF2BP1, CENPI, and PSME4. Functional analysis investigated correlations with SCZ pathology. Methylation levels of IGF2BP1 and PSME4, but not CENPI were found to differ, IGF2BP1 being higher and PSME4 lower in the SCZ group as compared to the CTRL group. Additional AutoML classification analysis of our experimental patient data led to a five-feature biosignature including all three genes, as well as age and sex, that discriminated SCZ patients from healthy individuals [AUC 0.755 (0.636, 0.862) and average precision 0.758 (0.690, 0.825)]. In conclusion, this three-step pipeline enabled the discovery of three novel genes and an epigenetic biosignature bearing potential value as promising SCZ blood-based diagnostics.