bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity is associated with previous suicide attempts in bipolar disorder
Authors: Gomes Fabiano A. , Kauer-Sant’Anna Márcia , Magalhães Pedro V. , Jacka Felice N. , Dodd Seetal , Gama Clarissa S. , Cunha Ângelo , Berk Michael , Kapczinski Flávio 
Published: March 2010

Gomes FA, Kauer-Sant’Anna M, Magalhães PV, Jacka FN, Dodd S, Gama CS, Cunha Â, Berk M, Kapczinski F. Obesity is associated with previous suicide attempts in bipolar disorder.Objective:There is a paucity of data about risk factors for suicide attempts in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study is to examine the association between suicide attempts and obesity in people with bipolar disorder.Methods:Two hundred fifty-five DSM-IV out-patients with bipolar disorder were consecutively recruited from the Bipolar Disorder Program at Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre and the University Hospital at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil. Diagnosis and clinical variables were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-axis I (SCID I) and Program structured protocol. History of suicide attempts was obtained from multiple information sources including patients, relatives and review of medical records. Patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 were classified as obese.Results:Over 30% of the sample was obese and over 50% had a history of suicide attempt. In the multivariate model, obese patients were nearly twice (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.06–3.69, p = 0.03) as likely to have a history of suicide attempt(s).Conclusion:Our results emphasise the relevance of obesity as an associated factor of suicide attempts in bipolar disorder. Obesity may be seen as correlate of severity and as such, must be considered in the comprehensive management of bipolar patients.
A Pilot, 15-month, randomised effectiveness trial of Risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) versus oral atypical antipsychotic agents (AAP) in persons with bipolar disorder
Authors: Chengappa K. N. Roy , Turkin Scott R. , Schlicht Patricia J. , Murphy Sherry L. , Brar Jaspreet S. , Fagiolini Andrea , Houck Patricia R. , Garbutt Ronald G. , Fredrick Noreen 
Published: March 2010

Chengappa KNR, Turkin SR, Schlicht PJ, Murphy SL, Brar JS, Fagiolini A, Houck PR, Garbutt RG, Fredrick N. A Pilot, 15-month, randomised effectiveness trial of Risperidone long acting injection (RLAI) versus oral atypical antipsychotic agents (AAP) in persons with bipolar disorder.Objective:Long-acting injectible antipsychotic agents are rarely considered in the treatment of bipolar patients [bipolar disorder (BPD)]. We posited that BPD patients receiving risperidone long-acting injections [Risperidone long-acting injections (RLAIs)] would experience fewer negative clinical events than those receiving oral atypical antipsychotic agents (AAP).Methods:Adult BPD patients in a hypomanic, manic or mixed episode were randomised to either oral risperdone followed by RLAI (n= 23) or an AAP (n= 25) for 15 months. Any mood stabilizers were continued. An independent clinician board declared any clinical events that occurred but the treatment assignment was concealed.Results:Nine of the 48 patients who participated in this study did not improve, leaving 39 patients in 1-year extension. RLAI patients received the following bi-weekly dosages: 25 mg (n= 9), 37.5 mg (n= 8), and 50 mg (n= 6). The AAP group included aripiprazole (n= 11, 15–30 mg/day), quetiapine (n= 8, 300–700 mg/day), olanzapine (n= 5, 15–25 mg/day), and ziprasidone, (n= 1, 160 mg/day). In total, 47 clinical events were declared. The RLAI-treated group experienced significantly fewer clinical events (mean: 0.86 ± 0.73) compared with the AAP group (1.61 ± 1.29),t= 2.29, d.f. = 37,p= 0.028 (95% CI = 0.087–1.421). Of all, 50% of the AAP subjects gained ≥ 7% of their baseline body weight as did 38% of the RLAI-treated patients.Conclusions:RLAI-treated patients experienced significantly fewer negative clinical events. Further exploration should focus on which subtypes of BPD patients might benefit from RLAI treatment. Weight gain in BPD subjects requires clinical attention. Limitations include an open design, small sample size and the inability to conclude on whether this strategy is useful for depressive episodes.
The Effects of Penile Girth Enhancement Using Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Gel, a Filler
Authors: Kwak Tae Il , Oh MiMi , Kim Je Jong , Moon Du Geon 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despites the debates on penile girth enhancement (PGE), demands for enhancement are increasing. Recently, various fillers have been widely used for soft tissue augmentation with proven efficacy and safety.

Aims
To identify the feasibility and efficacy of PGE by injection of filler.

Methods
Fifty patients with subjective small penis who visited Korea University Guro outpatient clinic were enrolled and prospectively followed. Restylane Sub-Q (Q-med, Upssala, Sweden) was injected into the fascial layer of penile body via 21G cannula with “Back & Forth Technique” and homogenized with a roller.

Main Outcome Measures
From April 2006 to February 2008, 50 patients were enrolled and 41 patients were followed until 18 months after PGE. Changes in penile girth at midshaft were measured by tapeline at 1 and 18 months. Patient’s visual estimation of residual volume (Gr 0–4), patient’s satisfaction (Gr 0–4), and any adverse reactions were also evaluated.

Results
Mean injected volume was 20.56 cc (18–22). Compared with basal girth of 7.48 ± 0.35 cm, maximal circumference was significantly increased to 11.41 ± 0.34 cm at 1 month (P &lt; 0.0001) and maintained as 11.26 ± 0.33 cm until 18 months. In patient’s visual estimation, two patients complained the decrease as Gr 3 with focal depression at 1 month. At 18 months, all patients answered as Gr 4 without asymmetry. Patient’s and partner’s satisfaction score was 3.71 ± 0.46 and 3.65 ± 0.48 at 1 month and 3.34 ± 0.53 and 3.38 ± 0.49 at 18 months. There were no inflammatory signs or serious adverse reactions in all cases.

Conclusions
Considering the property of material, methods, and follow-up results of 18 months, PGE using filler is a very effective and safe technique for penile augmentation.
Comparison of Penile Size and Erectile Function after High-intensity Focused Ultrasound and Targeted Cryoablation for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Li Liao-Yuan , Lin Zhe , Yang Ming , Gao Xin , Xia Tao-Lin , Ding Tao 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents a common quality-of-life issue of any treatment used for prostate cancer, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and targeted cryoablation of the prostate (TCAP). There is a paucity of comparative studies regarding the difference in the erectile function and penile size of patients undergoing HIFU or TCAP.

Aim
The aim of this study is to compare the erectile function and penile size of patients undergoing HIFU or TCAP.

Methods
Patients with a preoperative erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) score ≥26 were prospectively included. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by IIEF-EF and penile color Doppler ultrasound. Penile length and circumference were measured in flaccidity and at maximum erection. At 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 months after surgery, patients were assessed with the same protocol.

Main Outcome Measures
IIEF-EF score, penile color Doppler ultrasound, penile length, and circumference at different time points.

Results
There were 55 patients in the HIFU group and 47 in the TCAP group. At each time point, there were significant differences in mean IIEF-EF scores and penile color Doppler results between the two groups. At 36 months, TCAP patients experienced lower erectile function recovery rate compared with HIFU patients (TCAP=46.8%; HIFU=65.5%; P = 0.021). No significant decreases in penile length and circumference were found in the two groups (all P values ≥0.05).

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate TCAP caused significantly decreased erectile function than HIFU. We found no change in penile size after HIFU or TCAP. The option of HIFU may be more attractive to the patient who wants to avoid ED afterward, to maintain their quality of life.
Modelling and Estimation for Bivariate Financial Returns
Authors: Fung Thomas , Seneta Eugene 
Published: March 2010

Summary Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained for long data sets of bivariate financial returns using mixing representation of the bivariate (skew) Variance Gamma (VG) and two (skew) t distributions. By analysing simulated and real data, issues such as asymptotic lower tail dependence and competitiveness of the three models are illustrated. A brief review of the properties of the models is included. The present paper is a companion to papers in this journal by Demarta & McNeil and Finlay & Seneta.
Black Immigrants and the Rhetoric of Social Distancing
Authors: Jackson Regine O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article focuses on the empirical evidence of social distancing in the interdisciplinary literature on black immigrants. I argue that the conventions that have guided popular and scholarly representations of relations between foreign‐born and native‐born blacks have been shaped by seminal writings in sociology. Treating interviews with black immigrants as sites of various kinds of discursive practices, my aim is to illustrate a shift in the expression of social distance that maps onto contemporary ways of talking about race in the US. I argue that social distance rhetoric is an expression of what black immigrants learn about race and ethnicity in American society. This reading challenges the widely held interpretation that social distancing accurately reflects individual subjectivity and collective identity.
Beyond Public Opinion Polls: Punitive Public Sentiment & Criminal Justice Policy
Authors: Frost Natasha A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe punitive turn in criminal justice policy, epitomized by policies like three‐strikes, truth in sentencing, and mandatory minimums, is often attributed in part to demand for harsher criminal justice responses from an increasingly punitive public. It has been argued that public opinion, known to be both largely uninformed and often misunderstood, might both indirectly and directly affect policy. This survey article on punitiveness in public opinion opens with a discussion of competing depictions of the nature of the relationship between a punitive public and increasingly punitive criminal justice policies. The article then focuses on some of the most influential explanations for variations in punitiveness within individuals and across groups. A review of what we know about public attitudes toward punishment and a brief explanation of how we know what we know (e.g. the methodologies by which we gauge public opinion) follow. The article concludes with the observation that as methodologies continue to improve and the literature in this area continues to grow, so too does our understanding of punitive public opinion in all of its complexity.
Planning for climate change in a flood‐prone community: municipal barriers to policy action and the use of visualizations as decision‐support tools
Authors: Burch S. , Sheppard S.R.J. , Shaw A. , Flanders D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEfforts are intensifying to design effective flood management strategies that account for a changing climate and that make use of the wealth of resources and latent capacities associated with action at the local level. Municipalities, however, are subject to a host of challenges and barriers to action, revealing the critical need for sophisticated participatory processes in support of municipal decision‐making under conditions of considerable uncertainty. This paper examines a new process for envisioning local climate change futures, which uses an iterative, collaborative, multistakeholder approach to produce computer‐generated 3‐dimensional images of climate change futures in the flood‐prone municipality of Delta, British Columbia, Canada. The process appeared to forge communicative partnerships, which may improve the legitimacy and effectiveness of the flood management and climate change response discourse in the municipality of Delta, and may lead to locally specific and integrated flood management and climate change response strategies. We concluded that, while an enabling context and normative pressures are clearly integral to effective action, so too is the type and mode of presentation of information about climate futures.
Diabetic macular oedema: physical, physiological and molecular factors contribute to this pathological process
Authors: Ehrlich Rita , Harris Alon , Ciulla Thomas A. , Kheradiya Nisha , Winston Diana M. , Wirostko Barbara 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms of DMO, on both macrocellular and microcellular levels, are discussed in this review. The pathophysiology of DMO can be described as a process whereby hyperglycaemia leads to overlapping and inter‐related pathways that play a role not only in the initial vascular events, but also in the continued tissue insult that leads to chronic DMO. On a macrocellular level, DMO is believed to be in part caused by alterations in hydrostatic pressure, oxygen tension, oncotic pressure and shear stress. Three key components of the microvascular pathways include angiogenic factor expression, inflammation and oxidative stress. These molecular mediators, acting in conjunction with macrocellular factors, which are all stimulated in part by the hyperglycaemia and hypoxia, can have a direct endothelial effect leading to hyperpermeability, disruption of vascular endothelial cell junctions, and leukostasis. The interactions, signalling events and feedback loops between the various molecules are complicated and are not completely understood. However, by attempting to understand the pathways involved in DMO, we can help guide new treatment options targeted towards specific factors or mediators.
Computed Tomographic Evidence of Bulla Effusion in Cats with Sinonasal Disease: 2001–2004
Authors: Detweiler David A. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Kass Philip H. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Sinonasal disease is common in cats; chronic inflammatory disease and neoplasia are diagnosed most frequently. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in nasal disease have been reported, although involvement of other cranial structures has not been fully described to our knowledge.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that neoplastic or inflammatory obstruction of the auditory tube associated with sinonasal disease could result in CT evidence of effusive bulla disease in affected cats.Animals:46 cats with sinonasal disease, 18 control cats.Methods:CT images acquired in cats with (n= 46) and without (n= 18) sinonasal disease were reviewed for evidence of concurrent bulla effusion. CT findings of soft tissue or fluid opacity within the tympanic bulla or thickening of the bone of the bullae were considered evidence of effusive bulla disease.Results:The prevalence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease was 28% (13/46) and was significantly higher than that observed in cats without sinonasal disease (1/18,P= .043). CT findings that were found in association with effusive bulla disease included imaging features of sinusitis and nasopharyngeal disease. The most common neoplasm associated with bulla effusion was nasopharyngeal lymphoma. Bulla effusion was not observed in any cat with nasal carcinoma.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Findings of this study suggest that auditory canal dysfunction may play a larger role in feline sinonasal disease than was previously recognized. The implications of these findings for management of cats with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disease require further investigation.
Systolic and Diastolic Myocardial Dysfunction in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy or Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Sampedrano Carolina Carlos , Chetboul Valerie , Gouni Vassiliki , Nicolle Audrey P. , Pouchelon Jean‐Louis , Tissier Renaud 
Published: March 2010

Background:Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and chronic systemic hypertension (SHT) can both lead to left‐ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in cats. Assessment of LVH‐associated myocardial dysfunction could provide new insights in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases.Hypothesis:Quantification of left‐ventricular free‐wall (LVFW) motion using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could permit differentiation of feline HCM from SHT‐related LVH (LVH‐SHT).Animals:A total of 108 cats of different breeds were enrolled in this study: 35 cats with HCM, 17 with concentric LVH and SHT, and 56 healthy cats as a control group.Methods:All cats were examined by conventional echocardiography and 2‐dimensional color TDI.Results:Radial and longitudinal diastolic LVFW velocities were similarly altered in cats with HCM and LVH‐SHT, compared to controls. Systolic velocities were also lower in the groups with hypertrophy than in the controls, for longitudinal but not radial motion. To determine whether these diastolic and systolic alterations could also be observed in cats without LVFW hypertrophy, we performed a subgroup analysis in cats with a normal M‐mode examination, that is, with only a localized subaortic interventricular septum hypertrophy. A significant radial and longitudinal diastolic dysfunction was still observed in both the HCM and LVH‐SHT groups compared to controls, and systolic dysfunction was detected in the longitudinal motion.Conclusions: LVFW motion is similarly altered in cats with HCM and LVH‐SHT. This dysfunction occurs independently of the presence of myocardial hypertrophy, demonstrating that TDI is capable of detecting systolic and diastolic segmental functional changes in nonhypertrophied wall segments in cats with HCM and SHT.
Effects of Dietary Modification in Dogs with Early Chronic Valvular Disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Markwell Peter J. 
Published: March 2010

Background:The potential benefits of nutritional modification in early canine cardiac disease are not known.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that echocardiographic, neuroendocrine, and nutritional variables will differ between dogs with asymptomatic chronic valvular disease (CVD) and healthy controls, and that a moderately reduced sodium diet enriched with antioxidants, n‐3 fatty acids, taurine, carnitine, and arginine will alter these variables in dogs with CVD.Methods: Echocardiography was performed and blood was collected. After baseline comparison with healthy controls, all dogs with CVD were fed a low‐sodium run‐in diet for 4 weeks, reevaluated, and then randomized to receive either the cardiac diet or a placebo diet for 4 weeks.Results: At baseline, dogs with CVD (n = 29) had significantly lower circulating sodium, chloride, arginine, and methionine concentrations and higher plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide compared to healthy controls. In dogs with CVD, plasma aldosterone concentration and heart rate increased significantly after 4 weeks of eating the run‐in diet. The cardiac diet group (n = 14) had larger increases in levels of cholesterol (P= .001), triglycerides (P= .02), eicosapentaenoic acid (P< .001), docosahexaenoic acid (P< .001), total omega‐3 fatty acids (P< .001), vitamin C (P= 0.04), alpha‐tocopherol (P< .001), and gamma‐tocopherol (P< .001) compared to the placebo diet group (n = 15). The cardiac diet group also had larger reductions in maximal left‐atrial dimension (P= .003), left‐ventricular internal dimension in diastole (P= .03), and weight‐based maximal left‐atrial dimension (P= .03).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Observed changes in both blood variables and echocardiographic measurements warrant additional studies on dietary modifications in dogs with early CVD.
Echocardiographic Estimation of Systemic Systolic Blood Pressure in Dogs with Mild Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Tou Sandra P. , Adin Darcy B. , Estrada Amara H. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Systemic hypertension is likely underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine because systemic blood pressure is rarely measured. Systemic blood pressure can theoretically be estimated by echocardiography. According to the modified Bernoulli equation (PG = 4v2), mitral regurgitation (MR) velocity should approximate systolic left ventricular pressure (sLVP), and therefore systolic systemic blood pressure (sSBP) in the presence of a normal left atrial pressure (LAP) and the absence of aortic stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of echocardiography to estimate sSBP by means of the Bernoulli equation.Hypothesis:Systemic blood pressure can be estimated by echocardiography.Animal: Seventeen dogs with mild MR. No dogs had aortic or subaortic stenosis, and all had MR with a clear continuous‐wave Doppler signal and a left atrial to aorta ratio of ≤ 1.6.Methods:Five simultaneous, blinded continuous‐wave measurements of maximum MR velocity (Vmax) and indirect sSBP measurements (by Park's Doppler) were obtained for each dog. Pressure gradient was calculated from Vmaxby means of the Bernoulli equation, averaged, and added to an assumed LAP of 8 mm Hg to calculate sLVP.Results:Calculated sLVP was significantly correlated with indirectly measured sSBP within a range of 121 to 218 mm Hg (P= .0002,r= .78). Mean ± SD bias was 0.1 ± 15.3 mm Hg with limits of agreement of‐29.9 to 30.1 mm Hg.Conclusion: Despite the significant correlation, the wide limits of agreement between the methods hinder the clinical utility of echocardiographic estimation of blood pressure.
Primary Renal Neoplasia of Dogs
Authors: Bryan Jeffrey N. , Henry Carolyn J. , Turnquist Susan E. , Tyler Jeff W. , Liptak Julius M. , Rizzo Scott A. , Sfiligoi Gabriella , Steinberg Steven J. , Smith Annette N. , Jackson Tarraca 
Published: March 2010

Background:Primary renal tumors are diagnosed uncommonly in dogs.Hypothesis:Signs and survival will differ among different categories of primary renal tumors.Animals:Data were collected from the medical records of 82 dogs with primary renal tumors diagnosed by examination of tissue obtained by ultrasound‐guided biopsy, needle aspiration, surgery, or at postmortem examination.Methods:This was a multi‐institutional, retrospective study.Results:Forty‐nine dogs had carcinomas, 28 had sarcomas, and 5 had nephroblastomas. The dogs were geriatric (mean 8.1 years; range: 1–17) with a weight of 24.9 kg (range: 4.5–80). Tumors occurred with equal frequency in each kidney with 4% occurring bilaterally. Initial signs included one or more of hematuria, inappetance, lethargy, weight loss, or a palpable abdominal mass. Pain was reported more frequently in dogs with sarcomas (5/28). The most common hematologic abnormalities were neutrophilia (22/63), anemia (21/64), and thrombocytopenia (6/68). Polycythemia was present in 3 dogs and resolved with treatment. Hematuria (28/49), pyuria (26/49), proteinuria (24/50), and isosthenuria (20/56) were the most frequently observed abnormalities on urinalysis. Pulmonary metastases were noted on thoracic radiographs in 16% of dogs at diagnosis. Seventy‐seven percent of dogs had metastatic disease at the time of death. Median survival for dogs with carcinomas was 16 months (range 0–59 months), for dogs with sarcomas 9 months (range 0–70 months), and for dogs with nephroblastomas 6 months (range 0–6 months).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Primary renal tumors in dogs are generally highly malignant with surgery being the only treatment that improves survival.