bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using non‐nutritive sucking and oral glucose solution with neonates to relieve pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Mei‐Fang , Lin Kuan‐Chia , Chou Yi‐Hung , Lee Tzu‐Ying 
Published: April 2010

Aim.  To compare the efficacies of non‐nutritive sucking and glucose solution as pain‐relief interventions for neonates undergoing a venipuncture procedure.Background.  Neonates may be subjected to painful procedures. The individual efficacies of non‐nutritive sucking or oral glucose solution used alone on pain‐relief for neonates still remain controversial.Design.  A randomised, parallel‐group controlled trial was designed.Methods.  A total of 105 neonates were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: non‐nutritive sucking, glucose solution, or control group. When a neonate underwent a venipuncture during a newborn screening test, his/her pain manifestations were videotaped and subsequently measured using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Both the stability analysis and the analysis of repeated relationships were performed by generalised estimating equations.Results.  The level of pain was regressed over the study variables (time and group) and covariate (gestational age). Both the non‐nutritive sucking and glucose solution groups had significantly lower pain scores than the control group during the venipuncture and recovery phases. Furthermore, non‐nutritive sucking seemed to be more effective than glucose solution.Conclusion.  Nurses can use a pain assessment tool and the pain‐relief intervention to improve the quality of neonatal care in clinical practice. This study indicates that either non‐nutritive sucking or glucose solution can effectively decrease the level of pain.Relevance to clinical practice.  If a painful procedure on neonates is inevitable, simple, convenient and effective pain‐relief methods such as non‐nutritive sucking or glucose solution can be provided alone. Based on a neonate’s condition, nurses can provide 2 ml of 25% glucose solution through a syringe for a breastfeeding infant before an invasive procedure if nipple confusion is the concern.
Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis?
Authors: Bogefors J. , Rydberg C. , Uddman R. , Fransson M. , Månsson A. , Benson M. , Adner M. , Cardell L. O. 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Bogefors J, Rydberg C, Uddman R, Fransson M, Månsson A, Benson M, Adner M, Cardell LO. Nod1, Nod2 and Nalp3 receptors, new potential targets in treatment of allergic rhinitis? Allergy 2010; 65: 1222–1226.AbstractBackground:  Recently, a new set of pattern‐recognition receptors, the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (Nod)‐like receptors (NLRs), have emerged. Their activation, either by allergens or microbes, triggers an inflammatory response. The knowledge about NLRs in human airways is limited.Aim of the study:  To investigate presence of NLRs in the human nose of healthy individuals and patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis outside and during pollen season.Methods:  The expression of Nod1, Nod2, and Nalp3 in nasal biopsies was determined with real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cultured primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were analyzed using real‐time RT‐PCR and flow cytometry to further verify the presence of NLRs in the epithelium.Results:  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed presence of Nod1, Nod2, and Nalp3 in the nasal epithelium. This was corroborated in cultured HNECs. Patients suffering from symptomatic allergic rhinitis exhibited lower Nod1 and Nalp3 mRNA levels than both controls and patients during pollen season. Nod2 expression was found in all specimens tested, but no differences were seen between the three groups.Conclusion:  Nod1, Nod2, and Nalp3 receptors were found to be present in the human nose. The expression of Nod1 and Nalp3 were down‐regulated during pollen season among patients with allergic rhinitis. This opens up for new insights and novel therapeutic strategies in inflammatory airway disease.
Type III hereditary angio‐oedema: clinical and biological features in a French cohort
Authors: Vitrat‐Hincky V. , Gompel A. , Dumestre‐Perard C. , Boccon‐Gibod I. , Drouet C. , Cesbron J. Y. , Lunardi J. , Massot C. , Bouillet L. 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Vitrat‐Hincky V, Gompel A, Dumestre‐Perard C, Boccon‐Gibod I, Drouet C, Cesbron JY, Lunardi J, Massot C, Bouillet L. Type III hereditary angio‐oedema: clinical and biological features in a French cohort. Allergy 2010; 65: 1331–1336.AbstractBackground:  Hereditary angio‐oedema (HAE) has been associated with C1inhibitor deficiency. The first cases of type III HAE were described in patients with normal C1Inh antigenic protein level and function and normal C4 levels in 2000. This finding has been reported mostly in women with a family history and may be influenced by exogenous oestrogen exposure.Objectives:  The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical, biological and genetic characteristics of a French population suffering from type III HAE.Patients and Methods:  We conducted a retrospective analysis of angio‐oedema (AE) cases seen in the National Reference Centre of AE between 2000 and 2009.Results:  We found 26 patients (from 15 unrelated families) with type III HAE. All but four were women and presented with typical AE attacks, exacerbated by pregnancy or oral contraceptives containing oestrogens (OC). We also found that 54.5% of women were worsened with oestrogen and 23% were oestrogen dependent. All patients improved on long‐term prophylactic tranexamic acid treatment; some acute attacks improved with C1Inh concentrate infusion. All of the patients had normal C1Inh and C4 levels. C1Inh function was also normal, except in women receiving OC or during a pregnancy: transient, moderately low levels (32–74% of the normal range) were found in 18 patients tested (67%). No SERPING1 gene mutation was found. Six patients from three unrelated families were heterozygous for an F12 gene variant.Conclusion:  Diagnosis of type III HAE should be based on clinical (typical attacks, often hormonally influenced), laboratory (normal C1Inh antigenic protein) and genetic (F12 gene mutation) evidence.
Risk factors and consequences of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demirci Meltem Sezis , Toz Huseyin , Yılmaz Filiz , Ertilav Muhittin , Asci Gulay , Ozkahya Mehmet , Zeytinoglu Aysin , Nart Deniz , Ok Ercan 
Published: April 2010

Demirci MS, Toz H, Yılmaz F, Ertilav M, Asci G, Ozkahya M, Zeytinoglu A, Nart D, Ok E. Risk factors and consequences of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus. Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2010.01247.x. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical course as well as risk factors and prognosis of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM).Methods:  Five hundred fifty‐five kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively evaluated. PTDM was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥140 mg/dL on at least two consecutive measurements or requirement of oral antidiabetic drug or insulin. Patients with PTDM were divided into subgroups according to time of onset (early; <90 d vs. late, ≥90 d) and duration of diabetes (transient, <90 d vs. sustained ≥90 d).Results:  The frequency of PTDM was 18.3%. In multivariate analysis age (p < 0.001), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (p < 0.05) and tacrolimus use (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Among 220 HCV+ patients, liver biopsy was performed in 158, the histological grade (3.3 ± 2.8 vs. 4.4 ± 3.1) and stage (0.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.4 ± 1.2) were significantly more severe in patients with PTDM than in non‐diabetics. Incidence of PTDM in patients with severe fibrosis was 46.7%; 19.2% in nil or mild fibrosis (p < 0.05). Patient and graft survival were significantly worse, and cardiovascular events and life‐threatening infection episodes were more frequent in PTDM. Half of the patients had early PTDM, while 30.3% of patients with PTDM showed transient nature. Five‐ and 10‐yr death censored graft survival rates were worse in transient subgroup compared with sustained patients with diabetes (log rank 0.025) whereas there was no difference in outcome between early and late subgroups.Conclusions:  Age, tacrolimus, and HCV are independent risk factors for PTDM. PTDM has a negative impact on both patient and graft survival, irrespective of the time of onset and duration of diabetes.
Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections and rationale for antifungal therapy in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Hoenigl M. , Zollner‐Schwetz I. , Sill H. , Linkesch W. , Lass‐Flörl C. , Schnedl W. J. , Krause R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients with haematological malignancies are difficult to diagnose and outcome is often fatal. Over the 7‐month study period, 117 cases with haematological malignancies receiving systemic antifungal treatment were included. Data regarding antifungal agents, dosage and reason for administration were recorded. Fungal infections in study patients were classified as possible, probable or proven according to recent European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria. During the study period, 690 cases with haematological malignancies were admitted. A total of 117 cases received systemic antifungal therapy. Twenty‐four of 117 patients (21%) had possible, six (5.1%) had probable and four (3.4%) had proven IFI. Seven of 10 probable and proven infections were caused by Candida spp., 2 by Aspergillus spp. and 1 by a fungus belonging to Zygomycetes. Fifty‐two of 117 patients (44%) received antifungal prophylaxis, 81 of 117 (69%) received empirical (31/117; 26%) or pre‐emptive (50/117; 43%) antifungal therapy and four of 117 patients (3.4%) directed antifungal therapy. Mostly, systemic antifungal therapy was administered empirically or pre‐emptively. Twenty‐nine per cent of cases receiving systemic antifungal treatment met the international consensus criteria of mostly possible IFI, whereas 71% did not. Proven invasive fungal infections were rare.
Neocortical synaptophysin asymmetry and behavioral lateralization in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Sherwood Chet C. , Duka Tetyana , Stimpson Cheryl D. , Schenker Natalie M. , Garrison Amy R. , Schapiro Steven J. , Baze Wallace B. , McArthur Mark J. , Erwin Joseph M. , Hof Patrick R. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlthough behavioral lateralization is known to correlate with certain aspects of brain asymmetry in primates, there are limited data concerning hemispheric biases in the microstructure of the neocortex. In the present study, we investigated whether there is asymmetry in synaptophysin‐immunoreactive puncta density and protein expression levels in the region of hand representation of the primary motor cortex in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Synaptophysin is a presynaptic vesicle‐associated protein found in nearly all synapses of the central nervous system. We also tested whether there is a relationship between hand preference on a coordinated bimanual task and the interhemispheric distribution of synaptophysin as measured by both stereologic counts of immunoreactive puncta and by Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that synaptophysin‐immunoreactive puncta density is not asymmetric at the population level, whereas synaptophysin protein expression levels are significantly higher in the right hemisphere. Handedness was correlated with interindividual variation in synaptophysin‐immunoreactive puncta density. As a group, left‐handed and ambidextrous chimpanzees showed a rightward bias in puncta density. In contrast, puncta densities were symmetrical in right‐handed chimpanzees. These findings support the conclusion that synapse asymmetry is modulated by lateralization of skilled motor behavior in chimpanzees.
Differential representation of dynamic and static power grip force in the sensorimotor network
Authors: Keisker Birgit , Hepp‐Reymond Marie‐Claude , Blickenstorfer Armin , Kollias Spyros S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrevious studies investigating the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal in the human sensorimotor cortex during static force (maintained for a few seconds) and dynamic force (repetitive force pulses) resulted in contradictory findings. Therefore, we conducted a whole‐brain functional magnetic resonance imaging study during a visuomotor task requiring the production of either dynamic or static power grip force. Thereby we aimed at clarifying whether the BOLD signal behaves differently with dynamic and static force in the primary motor cortex, and whether it behaves in the same way in all areas and regions involved in force production. In the static condition, participants applied visually guided, isometric grip force on a dynamometer of 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and held this force for 21 s. In the dynamic condition, self‐paced force pulses of 20% MVC were produced at a rate of 0.5 Hz. Static and dynamic force production activated an overlapping network of sensorimotor cortical and subcortical regions. However, the production of a significantly higher mean static force compared with the dynamic force resulted in a significantly smaller BOLD signal in the contralateral motor cortex, confirming observations of an earlier investigation. In addition, we found that the ipsilateral anterior cerebellum behaved similar to the motor cortex, whereas in all other activated regions the activation during static and dynamic force did not significantly differ. These findings demonstrate that various regions of the sensorimotor network participate differentially in the production and control of low static and dynamic grip force, and raise important questions concerning the interpretation of the BOLD signal with respect to mechanisms of neurovascular coupling.
Body mass index and waist circumference in Mozambique: urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition
Authors: Gomes A. , Damasceno A. , Azevedo A. , Prista A. , Silva‐Matos C. , Saranga S. , Lunet N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryIn 2005 we evaluated a nationally representative sample of the Mozambican adult population (n = 2913; 25–64 years old) following the STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance to estimate urban–rural differences in overweight and obesity and waist circumferences. The prevalences of obesity and overweight were, respectively, 6.8% (95% CI: 5.1–8.6) and 11.8% (95% CI: 8.4–15.4) among women, and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.1–3.6) and 9.4% (95% CI: 5.7–13.1) among men. Overweight/obesity was more frequent in urban settings (age‐, income‐ and education‐adjusted prevalence ratios; women, 2.76, 95% CI: 1.82–4.18; men, 1.76, 95% CI: 0.80–3.85). The average waist circumference in Mozambique was 75.2 cm (95% CI: 74.3–76.0) in women, significantly higher in urban than rural areas (age‐, income‐ and education‐adjusted β = 3.6 cm, 95% CI: 1.6–5.5) and 76.1 cm (95% CI: 75.0–77.3) in men, with no urban–rural differences (adjusted β = 1.3 cm, 95% CI: −0.9 to 3.5). Our results show urban–rural differences, as expected in a country under epidemiological transition, with urban areas presenting a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, but age‐ and education‐specific estimates suggesting a trend towards smaller divergences. The development and implementation of strategies to manage the foreseeable obesity‐related healthcare demands are needed.
MISPLACED MONUMENTS?: A REVIEW OF CEREMONY AND MONUMENTALITY IN FIRST MILLENNIUM CAL BC CORNWALL
Authors: JONES ANDY M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBoth large‐ and small‐scale ceremonial monuments are a well‐known feature of the third and second millennia cal BC. However, from the middle of the second millennium cal BC the character of the evidence changes, firstly with the appearance of widespread settlement remains, and then in the earlier first millennium cal BC with the appearance of hillforts. This paper considers the evidence from a number of newly discovered enclosures in Cornwall, which, given their similarity to much older ceremonial monument forms, have unexpectedly been found to date from the first millennium cal BC. The implications of these discoveries are discussed as well as the evidence for possible Atlantic Connections across the Irish Sea.
Rates of retrograde metamorphism and their implications for crustal rheology
Authors: YARDLEY B. W. D. , HARLOV D. E. , HEINRICH W. 
Published: April 2010

Geofluids (2010) 10, 234–240AbstractThe rate of reaction of a natural hornblende garnet granulite with water under a range of mid‐ to lower crustal conditions has been investigated experimentally. In runs of between 7 and 84 days small but measurable amounts of water were consumed, and sheet silicates (300°C, 300 MPa and 400°C, 400 MPa) and/or secondary actinolite (400°C, 400 MPa and 500°C, 500 MPa) were observed to have grown. When normalized to the surface area of the starting materials, hydration rates were in the range of 2–5 × 10−8 g m−2 sec−1. These reaction rates imply that a film of water that infiltrated a planar crack with a half width of 100 μm would be completely consumed within c. 100 years. These results imply that where water infiltrates the crust along faults or underlying shear zones in response to a deformation, it will remain as a free phase for only a finite period of time, which in some cases will be less than the repeat time for major earthquakes in the fault system. Thus, the rheology of fault zones and shear zones is likely to be cyclical, with the zone becoming stronger with time as water is consumed, and then weakened by infiltration of water after each rupture.
Positive socialization mechanisms in secure and insecure parent–child dyads: two longitudinal studies
Authors: Kochanska Grazyna , Woodard Jarilyn , Kim Sanghag , Koenig Jamie L. , Yoon Jeung Eun , Barry Robin A. 
Published: April 2010

Background:  Implications of early attachment have been extensively studied, but little is known about its long‐term indirect sequelae, where early security organization moderates future parent–child relationships, serving as a catalyst for adaptive and maladaptive processes. Two longitudinal multi‐trait multi‐method studies examined whether early security amplified beneficial effects of children’s willing, receptive stance toward the parent on socialization outcomes.Methods:  We examined parent–child early attachment organization, assessed in the Strange Situation at 14–15 months, as moderating links between children’s willing stance toward parents and socialization outcomes in Study 1 (108 mothers and children, followed to 73 months) and Study 2 (101 mothers, fathers, and children, followed to 80 months). Children’s willing stance was observed as committed compliance at 14 and 22 months in Study 1, and as responsiveness to the parent in naturalistic interactions and teaching contexts at 25 and 67 months in Study 2. Socialization outcomes included children’s internalization of maternal prohibition, observed at 33, 45, and 56 months, and maternal ratings of children’s externalizing problems at 73 months in Study 1, and mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of children’s oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms at 80 months in Study 2.Results:  Indirect effects of attachment were replicated across both studies and diverse measures: Attachment security significantly amplified the links between children’s willing stance to mothers and all outcomes. Secure children’s willing, cooperative stance to mothers predicted future successful socialization outcomes. Insecure children’s willing stance conferred no beneficial effects.Conclusions:  Implications of early attachment extend to long‐term, indirect developmental sequelae. Security in the first year serves as a catalyst for future positive socialization processes.
White light interferometry to characterize the hydrogel contact lens surface
Authors: Giraldez Maria J. , García‐Resúa Carlos , Lira Madalena , Oliveira M Elisabete CD Real , Yebra‐Pimentel Eva 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:  The aim of this study was to characterize, qualitatively and quantitatively, the surface morphology of four unworn conventional hydrogel contact lenses (Omafilcon, Hioxifilcon‐based, Nefilcon A and Ocufilcon B) by White Light Optical Profiling (WLOP). WLOP is an ideal technique for sampling larger areas as well as for higher measurement speed compared with other topography techniques used in contact lens studies.Methods:  Surface roughness was assessed by WLOP in the Vertical Scanning Mode, with a Wyko® NT1100, which is a non‐contact optical profiling system that provides high vertical resolution. Representative roughness parameters, the Average Roughness (Ra), Root‐mean‐square Roughness (Rms), and Maximum Roughness (Rmax), for areas of 625, 2500, 10829 and 67 646 μm2 were calculated.Results:  Higher Ra, Rms and Rmax values were obtained for larger areas in all lenses. Daily disposable contact lenses (Nefilcon A and Ocufilcon B) presented the highest Ra, Rms and Rmax values, the larger changes in these parameters becoming apparent with the increase in the measured area. Differences between lenses were less obvious when data from 625 and 2500 μm2 area were compared.Conclusions:  Daily disposable contact lenses showed the highest roughness surface. Analyzing larger areas might be adequate to detect differences between lenses in terms of surface characteristics, which may not be so obvious if smaller areas are studied.
The effect of the YK lens in keratoconus
Authors: Kang Young Seok , Park Young Kee , Lee Jong Soo , Lee Seung Uk , Shin Jong Hun , Han Young Sang , Lee Dong Jun , Choi Hee Young , Oum Boo Sup , Lee Ji‐Eun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To report the clinical results of the use of the YK contact lens (Lucid Co., Seoul, Korea) for keratoconus.Methods:  One hundred and twenty nine keratoconic eyes were fitted with a YK lens which has one base curve and three peripheral curves. A light feather touch fluorescein pattern was obtained based on topographic indices. Visual acuity, comfort, mean wearing time, and ocular tissue changes were evaluated. Mean follow up was 17.5 ± 13.8 months (range 6–75).Results:  One hundred and twenty six (97.6%) eyes tolerated the contact lenses. A total of 94.5% of the eyes achieved a visual acuity of 20/40 or better (average 0.79 ± 0.21), and flatter base curve radius (BCR) was related to better visual acuity. One hundred and seventeen (90.7%) eyes reported that the lenses were comfortable. Mean wearing time was 12.1 h per day (range 4–18). Changes in keratometric values were not significant between baseline and final follow‐up visit.Conclusions:  The YK lens can provide successful visual outcome, with comfort, and no significant influence on the progression of keratoconus.