bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), MAINLY FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new genera and species are described: Glyphodes militaris n. sp., Borneo; Gypodes n. gen., type-species G. vexilliferalis n. sp., South America; Nagiella hortulatoides n. sp., Burma; Laniipriva n. gen., type-species L. antobliqua n. sp., Venezuela; Scaptesylodes n. gen., type-species Scaptesyle(?) incerta Semper, Philippine Is., and also including Scaptesylodes modica n. sp., Malaysia and Sumatra. Nagiella is proposed as a new name for Nagia Walker, 1866, not Walker, 1858. Nagia desmialis Walker, 1866, is the type-species of both nominal genera; Scopula quadrimaculalis Kollar, 1844, and Sylepta inferior Hampson, 1898, are referred to Nagiella as new combinations. The genus is differentiated from Pleuroptya Meyrick, 1890, and Haritalodes Warren, 1890.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUSANATISMULSANT (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Watson W. Y. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusAnatisis reviewed and six species are recognized:ocellata(L.),mali(Say),labiculata(Say),halonisLewis,rathvoni(Lee.), andleconteiCasey. Relevant illustrations and a key to the species are given. Neotypes formaliandlabiculatahave been selected.
FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLAND SECRETIONS OF AEDES MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES
Authors: Ramalingam S. , Craig G. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Aedes aegypti, the ’matrone’ substance which caused mating inhibition and stimulated oviposition in females, was present in the anterior secretory region of the male accessory glands. In the divided accessory glands of male A. triseriatus, however, it was present in the posterior glands. The posterior gland substance in A. triseriatus was not species specific. It stimulated oviposition in A. aegypti and caused mating inhibition in A. atropalpus. The secretory substance of the posteriormost region in the glands of both species of mosquitoes was mucin in nature. This mucin substance effectively glued the secretory granules of the anterior region(s).
INDIRECT MEASURES OF LARVAL DISPERSAL IN THE CINNABAR MOTH, TYRIA JACOBAEAE (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE)
Authors: Myers Judith H. , Campbell Barbara J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCaterpillar dispersal among food plants is difficult to measure directly in field populations. However, the tendency of fifth instar cinnabar moth caterpillars to drop from plants when disturbed is correlated to measured larval dispersal in experimental populations. This easily executed behavioural test can therefore be used as an indirect indicator of dispersal in different populations. The degree of response of first and fifth instar cinnabar moth larvae to disturbance is correlated for eight populations tested, possibly indicating a common agent selecting for the falling reaction among larvae in these different stages of development.Many insects drop from their food plants in response to disturbance and we suggest that this behaviour might provide a useful tool to elucidate relationships between insect dispersal and resource exploitation.
CEPHALIC STRUCTURES AND SPIRACLES OF FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE GENUS TOXOPHOROIDES (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE: LYCORININAE)
Authors: Finlayson Thelma 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCharacteristics of cephalic structures and spiracles of final-instar larvae of three species of the genus Toxophoroides (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Lycorininae) are described and illustrated, and a key for their separation is given. As this is the first known information on larvae of the subfamily Lycorininae, characteristics of the group are defined, based only on the single genus studied.
DETECTION OF ASCOSPHAERA APIS IN HONEY BEE LARVAE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) FROM EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Gochnauer T. A. , Hughes S. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAscosphaera apis (Maassen ex Claussen) Olive & Spiltoir, the causal organism of chalkbrood disease in honey bees, has now spread to eastern Canada. Scanning electron and phase contrast microscopy showed that A. apis may be differentiated from A. major, with which it has been confused, by the surface structure of spore balls and by differences in the size of nutriocysts and spores. A. major does not occur in North America.
REVISION OF THE DIPARINAE (PTEROMALIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe North American Diparinae (Pteromalidae: Chalcidoidea) consists of six genera and 11 species, of which eight species are described as new. These are Trimicrops bilineatus, T. trilineatus, Dipara pedunculata, Netomocera nearctica, Lelaps floridensis, L. beckeri, L. melinus, and L. striatus. Illustrated keys to genera and species are provided.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF MCH FOR PREVENTING DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTATION IN FELLED TREES
Authors: Furniss M. M. , Young J. W. , McGregor M. D. , Livingston R. L. , Hamel D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive controlled-release granular formulations were developed that eluted 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH) in the laboratory at a rate ≥ 0.5µg/h for 60 days. Elution rate was determined by trapping gaseous radioactive MCH followed by scintillation counting. The inert components of these formulations consisted either of a wax-coated molecular sieve, polyethylene emulsion-coated ground corncob, or dimer acid polyamide beads. These formulations and a liquid standard were applied 9 May just prior to Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) flight to plots containing single, freshly felled Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) trees. Three months later, infestation by Douglas-fir beetle and other insects was evaluated. All treatments except coated corncobs and certain applications of the molecular sieve significantly reduced Douglas-fir beetle attacks. Douglas-fir beetle brood in three treatments was significantly less than in controls. Abundance of entomophagous insects was proportional to density of host beetle attacks. Douglas-fir beetle attack density was negatively correlated with degree of infestation by the scolytid Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Lee).
SURVIVAL MODELS FOR WITHIN-TREE POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Coulson Robert N. , Pulley P. E. , Foltz J. L. , Martin W. C. , Kelley C. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWithin-tree models of Dendroctonus frontalis generation survival from attacking adults to emerging adults and survivorship from eggs to emergence were developed for five regions of the infested tree bole of Pinus taeda L. The generation survival model (GS) describes the number of D. frontalis/attacking adult as a function of time at a specific height. The form of the model isYGS = 1.0 + C(1–e–20.0X)eA(1.0–X)B + ɛ.The survival model (S) describes the number of D. frontalis/100 eggs as a function of time at a specific height. The form of this model isYS = CeA(1.0–X)B + ɛ.The generation survival model indicated that the rate of survival was primarily a function of generation development time, rather than position on the infested tree bole. The rates also varied in different sections of the tree depending on the initial egg/attacking adult population of D. frontalis. The emergence/attack ratios for the tree sections were slightly greater at the top and bottom than in the middle of the infested bole.The survivorship curves, based on an initial cohort of 100 eggs, were similar for the various sections of the tree bole. Again, the rate of population change was primarily a function of developmental time, rather than position on the tree. The curves for the various tree sections were essentially the same.The combined action of the various biotic and abiotic mortality agents acting in the different sections of the tree resulted in essentially uniform survivorship throughout the infested portion of the tree bole.
PRELIMINARY ORCHARD TESTS ON CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH LARVAE BY A GRANULOSIS VIRUS
Authors: Jaques R. P. , MacLellan C. R. , Sanford K. H. , Proverbs M. D. , Hagley E. A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractApple orchard tests in 1974, 1975, and 1976 showed that applications of granulosis virus reduced deep-entry damage by larvae of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), to apple fruit at harvest by 55 to 96% compared with damage to fruit on nontreated check trees. Sting or shallow-entry injury was usually higher on virus-sprayed trees than on check trees presumably because larvae were killed by the virus soon after entry into the apple.
A NEW SPECIES OF ERIOPHYOID MITE WITH EYE-LIKE STRUCTURES, AND REMARKS ON THE GENUS PHYTOPTUS (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA: PHYTOPTIDAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Phytoptus oculatus n. sp. are described. These are unusual among Eriophyoidea in possessing eye-like structures lateral to the prodorsal shield. Diagnoses for the genus Phytoptus and two provisional species groups within the genus are included.
INVENTORY OF APHIDS ON SEVEN CONIFER SPECIES IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTRODUCED RED WOOD ANT, FORMICA LUGUBRIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Delisle Johanne , Finnegan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn inventory was taken of aphid species occurring on balsam fir, white spruce, larch, red pine, white pine, jack pine, and black spruce at two sites where the introduced red wood ant, Formica lugubris Zett., had been released. Twenty-one aphid species were found, all in the genus Cinara Curtis. Nine of these species, and possibly a tenth, were new records for Quebec. Observations on colony size and distribution on host trees, in ant infested and control blocks, were recorded.
TRANSPORT OF HAY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE PASSIVE DISPERSAL OF THE EUROPEAN SKIPPER, THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE)
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Duchesne Raymond-Marie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHay bales from areas of high skipper densities contained an estimated 5000 viable eggs/bale underlining the importance of passive transport of Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) eggs in hay as a means of dispersal for this insect pest. While eggs ingested by cows did not survive it is believed that, in view of the number present in each bale, some would not be eaten and could be the source for a new infestation.
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL DIETS AND LARVAL DENSITY ON GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: ORGYIIDAE), EGG MASS CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Capinera John L. , Barbosa Pedro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory and field studies indicate that differences in gypsy moth egg mass characteristics can be related to larval density and natural diet. Egg mass characteristics are valuable indices of population quality as well as future population levels. Laboratory crowding reduced number of eggs/mass but did not affect egg size. Field collected egg masses from various population levels in Massachusetts also varied in egg number/mass, but egg size could not be directly correlated to density. Laboratory rearing of larvae on several natural diets produced differences in both egg number and size. Maple diets produced egg masses with fewer, smaller eggs, as compared with oak diets. Field collected egg masses also varied in mean egg size, according to host tree species. Thus, forest composition may directly affect the quality of gypsy moth populations, as well as numerical levels. Increasing density could affect egg size indirectly, by forcing gypsy moth larvae to feed on unfavorable host foliage.
INSECT PARASITES OF THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the study of insect parasites of the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), fourth- to seventh-instar larvae were collected from a field at Delhi, Ont., and reared in the laboratory. A total of 701 insect parasites including six species of Hymenoptera and four of Diptera, were reared from the 3970 darksided cutworm larvae collected in 1973 and 1974.Thirteen species of insect parasites of E. messoria are listed. Ten of these species were reared in the present study from E. messoria in Ontario and all of them are primary and internal parasites. Of the 10, only two have previously been reported as parasites of E. messoria. Host–parasite relationship and the degree of parasitism are given for the 10 species reared in Ontario.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR LEUCANIA COMMOIDES: A MIXTURE OF Z-9-TETRADECEN-1-YL ACETATE, Z-11-HEXADECEN-1-YL ACETATE, AND Z-11-HEXADECEN-1-OL
Authors: Struble D. L. , Swailes G. E. , Steck W. F. , Underhill E. W. , Chisholm M. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField testing of a large number of synthetic compounds and two-component combinations thereof revealed an attractant for the adult males of Leucania commoides Guenée. Several three-component combinations were tested and the largest numbers of L. commoides males were attracted to Z-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol in ratios of 4:4:1 to 10:5:2. The attraction of this species was inhibited by Z-9-tetradecen- 1-ol.
MORPHOLOGIE ET BIOLOGIE DE GRYPOCENTRUS ALBIPES (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), PARASITE DE LA PETITE MINEUSE DU BOULEAU, FENUSA PUSILLA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Guevremont H.C. , Quednau F.W. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLes principaux stades de développement et l’appareil génital femelle de Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe sont brièvement décrits et illustrés. Le comportement lors de la ponte est exposé. La femelle se nourrit des larves de Fenusa pusilla (Lep) lorsqu’elles sont à l’intérieur de leur galerie en les grugeant à travers l’épiderme foliaire. La fécondité moyenne journalière en laboratoire se situe à 3.2 oeufs, et le nombre maximum d’oeufs déposé par une femelle est de 96. Quelques observations sont présentées sur le développement embryonnaire et larvaire ainsi que sur la pupaison.
DIFFERENCES IN THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIAPAUSE TERMINATION IN TWO WESTERN CHORISTONEURA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Schmidt Fred H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStorage of diapausing larvae of Choristoneura viridis and C. occidentalis at low temperature (2°C) appeared to be sufficient stimulus to terminate diapause. Reactivation at 25°C occurred sooner and was more synchronous with longer storage at 2°C. Highest survival was obtained after storage of 20 to 22 weeks for both C. viridis and C. occidentalis. Intraspecific and interspecific reactivation rates were compared by analysis of covariance, using the model ln Y = a + B ln X , where Y = larval emergence in days at 25°C and X = storage in weeks at 2°C. Intraspecific sex differences were not significant, indicating that protandry observed in this laboratory in both species must be due to some other factor. C. viridis had substantially less stringent thermal requirements for diapause termination than C. occidentalis. Diapause in the two species is discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF LARVAL INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION ON IMAGINAL DENSITIES IN ANOPHELES STEPHENSI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): A LABORATORY EVALUATION
Authors: Reisen William K. , Emory Richard W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments with caged populations of Anopheles stephensi Liston were performed to evaluate the effects of larval intraspecific competition on adult density and sex ratio. The changing of the water in continuous culture cages prevented the accumulation of larval competitive compounds and excretory products, and resulted in higher adult densities and the successful emergence of proportionately more males.
FACTORS AFFECTING LARVAL DIAPAUSE IN DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Dyer E.D.A. , Hall P.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of daily day-degrees C in relation to brood age was investigated to determine its influence on the induction of larval (prepupal) diapause in Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). Daily day-degrees of less than about 9° above the development threshold (6.1°C) induced diapause in most of the broods while diapause was averted by daily day-degrees C of 10 or more above the threshold. Induction of diapause occurred no later than third larval instar; temperature changes during the fourth instar produced no change in aversion or induction of diapause. Laboratory results reveal that field temperatures during larval development determine whether most beetles have a 1- or 2-year life cycle.
A TEMPERATURE-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL FOR THE PARASITE BRACON MELLITOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE),
Authors: Barfield Carl S. , Sharpe Peter J. H. , Bottrell Dale G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe influence of temperature on the development of immature stages of Bracon mellitor Say, a braconid parasite of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was studied at a series of constant and variable temperatures. Resulting developmental rates and times were compatible with recent advances in the theory of thermal responses exhibited by poikilotherms. Mean development times recorded were in close agreement with predictions calculated from a previously derived absolute reaction rate development model.Bracon mellitor cohort developmental data were also checked against a prototype stochastic cohort development model. In this comparison, observed and predicted probability distributions agreed for constant and variable day/night temperature regimes but showed some differences under sinusoidal temperature regimes.
SPECIES OF THE GENUSPINALITUSKELTON FOUND IN NORTH AMERICA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOrthops rubricatus(Fallén), a European species now known to occur in North America, is transferred to the genusPinalitusKelton.Pinalitus solivagus(Van Duzee) is reported from British Columbia, andP.utahensisKnight andP.brevirostrisKnight are considered to be synonyms of it.Pinalitus rostratusn. sp. is described from Canada and western United States.Pinalitus californicusKnight is transferred to the genusProbaDistant. A key to species is provided.
LES SIPHONAPTÈRES DE LA RÉGION DE SHERBROOKE, QUÉBEC
Authors: Robert Suzelle , Bergeron Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2009

RésuméUn total de 19 espèces de Siphonaptères ont été dénombrées sur quelques 24 espèces de Mammiferes capturés dans la région de Sherbrooke, Qué. Nous avons trouvé que 3 espèces de puces se retrouvaient exclusivement sur la musaraigne à queue courte alors qu'une seule des 5 espèces prélevées sur la souris sylvestre(s) lui était spécifique. Deux petits Rongeurs, le campagnol à dos roux et la souris sauteuse, ne semblent pas supporter une faune parasitaire qui leur soit bien typique. De plus, la souris de maison est parasitée par l'espèceOrchopeas leucopusqui est normalement caractéristique des souris sylvestre(s). Les Sciuridae dans leur ensemble présentent un éventail de parasites qui leur sont propres. Enfin, l'hermine à queue courte porte des puces qui sont retrouvées sur la majorité des mammifères leur servant de proies.L'étude révèle plusieurs nouvelles associations mammifères-hôtes au pays, en plus de présenter 3 nouvelles espèces de puces pour le Québec.
THE EFFECT OF THE WHEAT STEM SAWFLY, CEPHUS CINCTUS (HYMENOPTERA: CEPHIDAE), ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT
Authors: Holmes N. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephas cinctus Nort, reduced the weight of grain per head by an average of 17.3% in the two spring wheats Red Bobs and Thatcher with annual reductions varying from 10.8% to 22.3%. They also lowered the protein content in Thatcher by an average of 0.6% and a maximum of 1.2%. However, because a significant loss in protein content occurred in only 1 of 6 years in Red Bobs, the effects of the larvae on protein content cannot be generalized for all varieties.The losses in weight per head resulted from a mean reduction of 11.9% in the weight of the kernels combined with a mean reduction of 1.9 in the number of kernels per head. The larvae caused the losses by feeding in the stems and by cutting them when the moisture contents of the kernels were relatively high. Annual variations in losses were attributed to the dates of the infestation, to the amount of precipitation in July and August, and to differences in dates of cutting by the larvae.
FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ATTACKING RAPE CROPS IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: Burgess L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of five species of flea beetles were found attacking rape crops (Brassica napusL. andBrassica campestrisL.) in the Canadian prairie provinces from 1971 to 1974.Phyllotreta cruciferae(Goeze) was the most abundant and serious pest, followed in order byPsylliodes punctulataMelsh. andPhyllotreta striolata(F.) (=vittata(F.)), whilePhyllotreta albionica(Lec.) andPhyllotreta robustaLec. were present only occasionally. The fourPhyllotretaspecies confined their feeding largely to cruciferous plants, butPsyl.punctulatahad a broader host range. All of the five species overwintered as adults, usually in leaf litter or turf beneath hedges, poplar groves, or fencerows, or sometimes in the soil in fields, and all became active with the arrival of warm sunny weather in the spring, withPsyl.punctulatausually being the first to appear. All appeared to have but one generation per year, with mating and egg laying occurring in the spring, the larvae inhabiting the soil and feeding on host-plant roots, and the new generation of adults emerging from pupae in the soil in late July and in August. The overwintered adults usually died in late June or early July, so there was a period in July when adult flea beetles were scarce. The most serious damage to rape crops by flea beetles was caused by overwintered adults attacking seedling crops in the spring; movement of these beetles into crops took the form of a creeping infestation moving from plant to plant into the field from nearby volunteer rape of cruciferous weed feeding grounds, or a more rapid and even infestation of a whole field with flight probably being the major method of movement. Flea beetles fed most actively when the weather was sunny, warm, and dry; cool damp weather reduced the intensity of attack and aided plant growth. Shade, such as exists in a healthy stand of rape beyond the pre-bloom stage, also inhibited attack. Occasionally, late-maturing rape crops were damaged in late summer by new generation adult flea beetles, particularlyP.cruciferae, feeding on the green epidermis of the stems, leaves, and pods.A field key for separating the five flea beetle species attacking rape crops in the Canadian prairie provinces is given.
AN ATTRACTANT FOR THE BEET WEBWORM, LOXOSTEGE STICTICALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Struble D. L. , Lilly C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA sex pheromone was detected in female moths of the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (L.). Laboratory tests with synthetic compounds established that the male moths exhibited sexual responses to E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and they were attracted to this compound in the field. Mixtures of E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate containing 5, 10, or 80% of the Z-isomer inhibited the attraction of the male beet webworm moths. Mixtures containing 5 or 10% of the Z-isomer attracted male moths of Lymnaecia phragmitella Stainton (Cosmopterygidae). Male moths of Hysterosia cartwrightana Kearfott (Phaloniidae) were also attracted to E-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in traps placed at a height of 0.3 m, with only a few attracted to traps at 1 m as used for the beet webworm.