bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost and effectiveness of exenatide combined with insulin, compared to exenatide combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents
Authors: Deshpande S , Clark JDA 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere have been few studies investigating the use of GLP‐1 agonists in patients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes and none looking at the costing. We compared the efficacy and relative cost of adding exenatide treatment to patients with type 2 diabetes receiving either oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) or insulin.Patients were recruited from West Suffolk Hospital Diabetes Centre. Data were acquired retrospectively from 207 patients completing six months of treatment.Of 207 patients, 188 demonstrated good clinical progress with a mean HbA1c reduction of 1.6% (p<0.0001) and weight loss of 6.9kg (p<0.0001). Nineteen patients discontinued exenatide as HbA1c reduction did not achieve the NICE target (0.4%; p=0.29), but they did achieve significant weight loss (5.6kg; p<0.0001). The 188 patients continuing on exenatide were sub‐divided into insulin‐treated (n=88) or tablet‐treated (n=100). At six months, tablet‐treated patients achieved an HbA1c reduction of 1.6% (p<0.0001) and weight loss of 6.5kg (p<0.0001). Insulin‐treated patients achieved similar results: HbA1c reduction 1.6% (p<0.0001), weight loss 7.3kg (p<0.0001). After six months of exenatide treatment, the mean reduction in daily insulin dose was 48 units/person in the insulin‐treated group. In the tablet‐treated group, the cost of diabetic medication (per person/month) after six months was £54.90 above baseline, whereas in the insulin‐treated group this was only £36.20 above baseline, because the reduction in insulin dose offset the cost of exenatide.It was concluded that exenatide is clinically effective in both insulin‐treated and tablet‐treated type 2 diabetes, but is more cost effective in those originally treated with insulin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Structural reproducibility of CdTe thin films deposited on different substrates by close space sublimation method
Authors: Potlog T. , Spalatu N. , Maticiuc N. , Hiie J. , Valdna V. , Mikli V. , Mere A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on the characterization of polycrystalline CdTe thin films grown directly on glass, SnO2‐coated glass, and CdS/SnO2/glass at relatively low temperatures by employing the close space sublimation technique (CSS). The deposited films have been characterized by using optical absorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Based on the SEM and optical analysis, the CdTe/CdS/SnO2/glass thin films exhibit a superior crystal quality and reproducibility in comparison to other CdTe films grown on glass and SnO2/glass. XRD study reveals that films are polycrystalline with a cubic crystal structure. The EDX characterization indicates that all CdTe thin films are nearly stoichiometric. The optical absorption study shows a larger variation of band gap from 1.485 to 1.495 eV for CdTe grown on SnO2‐coated glass.
The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: Interim Report
Authors: Ling Roger 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA British team has been working since 1978 upon a programme of documentation and analysis in the Insula of the Menander at Pompeii, one of the irregular city-blocks situated immediately to the west of the old part of the city in an area which was developed from the early fourth century B.C onwards. Study of the structural techniques, of wall-abutments, and of anomalies in plan can be used in conjunction with the evidence of painted wall-plaster to identify five main phases in the building-history: Phase I (fourth-third centuries B.C), Phase 2 (second and early first centuries B.C), Phase 3 (c. 80-c. 15 B.C), Phase 4 (c. 15 B.C.-C. A.D. 50), Phase 5 (c. A.D. 50-79). These illustrate a complex pattern of changing property-boundaries, but underline the general trend towards increasing commercialization and greater pressure upon living-space in this area of the city. There is also interesting evidence of the economic basis of life in the individual houses during the years immediately before 79.
A Romanesque Roof at Odda's Chapel, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire?
Authors: Currie C. R. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryTimbers removed from the nave of the chapel in 1965, together with earlier photographs and traces in the surviving masonry, provide evidence of a rafter roof with a tie-beam, and probably a king-post and raking struts, at each couple. Later alterations to it are discussed in the light of what is known or can be deduced about the late- and post-medieval development of the farmhouse to which the chapel is attached. The alterations resulted in a roof largely seventeenth-century in form. It is shown, however, that the earlier timbers cannot be satisfactorily explained as post-medieval intrusions. The earlier design is compared with eleventh- and twelfth-century roofs known in north-west Europe. It was probably that of the original roof of 1056.
Sir John Fenn, His Friends and the Paston Letters
Authors: Serpell M. F. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryJohn Fenn was born to modest circumstances, enough to pay for school and university and, with other inheritance, to support him as a small country squire. Brought up by his widowed mother in habits of thrift and industry, he shared her views on the importance of education to a ‘Situation in Life’. He was conscious of intellectual curiosity from an early age and developed a strong bent for antiquities, probably encouraged by acquaintance as a schoolboy with Thomas Martin, a senior antiquary and a collector who had recently acquired the ‘Paston Letters’. At Cambridge Fenn worked hard and made friends of similar tastes but rather better connections, especially John Frere, whose sister he married. Established at East Dereham, his zeal expanded into civic duties, bringing him eventually to the High Sheriffalty of Norfolk. It mattered to him as much to become a Fellow of the ‘Antiquarian Society’, and his industry persisted in miscellaneous antiquarian pursuits. He came by the Paston Letters as rewards for cataloguing their new owner's collections. Brother antiquaries and Horace Walpole encouraged him to publish; a good connection arranged for dedication to the King. The consequent knighthood gratified both sides of Fenn's nature but the original manuscripts intended for his sovereign went astray into the library of his patron.
Dacian Fortifications on Trajan's Column
Authors: Rossi Lino 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe representation of Dacian strong-points on Trajan's Column is compared with the structural evidence obtained by Rumanian archaeologists from recent excavations. There seems to be clear evidence for a specific ‘twin-fort’ plan, no doubt the result of enlargement to contain a larger garrison and bigger supplies caused by Trajan's advance into Dacia.
Excavations at Portchester Castle, Hants, 1969–1971: Fourth Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry , Baker David 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe three seasons of excavation 1969–71 have provided details of occupation lasting continuously from the third century until the nineteenth century. In the Roman period cobbled streets and timber buildings, pits and wells have been excavated but they show little sign of rigid planning. The streets continued to be used in the fifth and sixth century when huts of post-built and grubenhaus type were constructed. Some parts of the interior were now ploughed.In the eighth and ninth centuries timber buildings, storage pits, and cess pits were concentrated in one area close to the south wall of the Roman fort. Near by a well, constantly used from the Roman period and subsequently relined with timber, was abandoned and used as a rubbish tip. Some additional buildings and pits belonging to the ‘hall complex’ of late Saxon date were found. Medieval features included boundary ditches, a lime kiln and slaking pit, and a timber building. Some areas of the interior were cultivated throughout this time.In the early sixteenth century a large store building was erected in masonry: it was demolished late in the sixteenth century. Thereafter the fort was used as a prison camp until the early nineteenth century. Various features of this period were found.The Landgate was further excavated bringing to light structural details of Roman, Saxon, and medieval date. Limited excavation in the priory exposed details of the claustral buildings.
More Black Slip Vases from Central Gaul with Applied and Moulded Decoration in Britain
Authors: Simpson Grace 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe method of manufacture and application of plaques is discussed, also the use and length of life of moulds, in modern ceramic factories; together with the results of experiments in laboratories on the colour and content of clay slips. In Parts I and II respectively are described and illustrated thirty plaques and twelve moulded beakers.The (lost) Oundle Form 64 by LIBERTVS in red samian is discussed; and there are further comments on the black ‘cup’ from Colchester mentioned in the 1957 paper.
A Greek Stele in Dublin
Authors: O'Connor Cynthia , Cook B. F. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAn inscribed Attic marble grave stele of the fourth century B.C. with a family group of four persons in relief has recently come to light near Dublin in what was in the eighteenth-century part of an estate belonging to the first Earl of Charlemont. The stele itself and its place in Charlemont's collection are discussed.
Medieval Horned and Polled Sheep: The Archaeological and Iconographic Evidence
Authors: Armitage Philip L. , Goodall John A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe discovery of a large number of sheep bones at Baynard's Castle prompted a re-examination of the evidence for the appearance of the late medieval sheep. Previous studies have been based on a miscellaneous collection of depictions from various countries and media without attempting to distinguish which of them were copied from older pattern books. The sheep placed at the feet of woolmen on their brasses could not have been derived from existing patterns and their reliability as evidence for the appearance of the contemporary sheep was confirmed by comparing them with surviving bones. The present state of the evidence suggests that there were no marked regional variations in the sheep at this period; however, much more material needs to be examined but the methods used for this survey could be applied to other species.
The Incised Architectural Drawings of Trogir Cathedral
Authors: Gibson Sheila , Ward-Perkins Bryan 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe roofs over both aisles of the thirteenth-century cathedral at Trogir in Jugoslavia are covered in incised full-scale architectural drawings. These can be related to a number of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century additions to the cathedral: above all, the sacristy (1453–5), the baptistry by Andrea Alessi (1467), the Chapel of St. John by Andrea Alessi and Nicolò Fiorentino (1468–88), and the final storey and spire of the tower by Trifun Bokanit (1598–1610). There are drawings of three different kinds: some are early projects, some for working out at full scale problems of adapting decoration to fit an awkward space, and some to help produce templates for cutting the stone blocks.
The Excavation of the Bee Low Round Cairn, Youlgreave, Derbyshire
Authors: Marsden Barry M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThere has been little investigation into the beaker period in the Derbyshire Peak District since Thomas Bateman's activities between 1843–60. This paper describes the excavation, between 1966–8, of Bee Low, a beaker round cairn imperfectly examined by Bateman in 1843 and 1851. The excavation produced evidence of almost continuous usage of the mound by beaker and later communities over a period of some 300 years. The earliest burials (c. 1700 B.C.) were a collective group of six or more inhumations in a stone cist with an All-Over-Cord beaker, a pottery type hitherto unrepresented in the Peak. In all, twenty-three inhumations and five cremations were recorded from the cairn, with further beakers of types N2 (Developed Northern), S2 (Developed Southern), and S4 (Final Southern), the last a further type not previously recorded with certainty in beaker contexts in the area. Burial customs included collective, crouched, and disarticulated interment. Only one inhumation had a metal association—a bronze awl—but two cremations were provided with bronzes, an awl and a small riveted knife. The excavation of this miniature necropolis has added considerably to present knowledge of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age cultures of the Peak.
The Recent Discovery of Gold Pins in the Ridgeway Gold Pommel
Authors: Taylor Joan J. 
Published: November 2011

SummarySeven gold pins noticed recently in place in the Ridgeway gold pommel form the only British example of exclusively functional gold pins dated to the Wessex period. The Hameldon Down pommel repair, although functional was also decorative. A Breton parallel from La-Garenne, Morbihan, is the only other instance of purely functional pin use and still has two pins in situ with their heads hidden by the continuous decoration of the piece. The Ridgeway pommel's shape and associations suggest that, like La-Garenne, it is late in the pin typology. Both may be from contemporary graves, which if not transitional Wessex I/ Wessex II, might be early Wessex II.
Early Finds of Irish Antiquities: From the Minute-Books of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Authors: Herity Michael 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA search for early antiquarian records of Irish finds has revealed much fresh information in the Minute-books and other archives of this Society, giving excellent records of hitherto unpublished material, and adding new information on already known objects. The material discussed was found mainly in the half-century from 1720 to 1770. Prominent Irish antiquaries and antiquarian societies of the period are mentioned, and a discussion of their views on this material is included.Two spectacular gold objects, a fibula with wreathed bow found in Co. Galway, and a Melfort-type armlet found in a burial-cist at Whitfield, near Waterford city, are illustrated, and the valuable associative and contextual evidence from the Society's archives is cited and discussed. Drawings and descriptions of several other objects, mainly of gold and bronze, are also given.The active investigation of this rather neglected avenue of discovery has yielded good results, and is a potentially valuable source of new archaeological material and information.
The Excavation of the Roman Spring at Bath 1979: a Preliminary Description
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA limited excavation was undertaken in the Roman reservoir beneath the medieval King's Bath which lies in the centre of Bath. The reservoir had been partially cleaned in 1878 but the lower filling remained in position. Structural details were recovered, sufficient to show the different stages in the reservoir's construction: part of its vaulted roof, added later, was also found. The finds included coins, pewter curses, silver and pewter vessels and other trinkets dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva. The subsequent development of the site from the medieval period to the nineteenth century is briefly noted. Future work on the temple precinct beneath the Pump Room is outlined.
The Roper Chantry in St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury
Authors: Tatton-Brown Tim 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn July 1978 the main burial vault of the Roper family in the medieval chantry chapel of St. Nicholas at St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, was opened to enable a complete record of its contents to be made by members of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust. This marked the 500th anniversary of the birth of the martyr Sir Thomas More (related by marriage to the Roper family), whose head was believed to be contained in the vault.
Cirencester, 1973–6: Tenth Interim Report
Authors: McWhirr Alan D. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe present phase of the rescue excavations caused by the construction of the Cirencester relief road has ended and this interim report includes details of excavations during 1973–6. Work outside the town on the roads, cemeteries, and a building shows extensive use and a new alignment for the Fosse Way. The Bath Gate has been located and partly examined. Work within the town has added to the understanding of the military occupation, revised the position of some streets and found a new public building south of the basilica. In insula XII a farm has been identified. The north aisle wall of St. John's Hospital has been found, showing it to be a hall with nave and two aisles.
Investigations at Asheldham, Essex. An Interim Report on the Church and the Historic Landscape
Authors: Drury P. J. , Rodwell W. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavations in the church and churchyard at Asheldham revealed a complex series of building phases preceding the existing structure. Domestic occupation of the middle and late Saxon periods was followed by a timber building, interpreted as a church, with associated graves. The early structures were built alongside and aligned on a Roman road, and the cemetery associated with the first (Norman) masonry church encroached on this road, causing its diversion. The excavation of this key site has demonstrated the likely Roman date of an extensive road and field system which survives throughout the Dengie peninsula. A preliminary discussion of the historic landscape and its future potential for study is offered.
Excavation of a homestead of the Roman era at Halangy Down, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, 1950
Authors: Ashbee Paul 
Published: November 2011

Halangy Down (fig. 1) is the lower precipitous slope of the decline from Telegraph Hill (Ordnance Survey B.M. 166. 3 ft.) to the sea at Halangy Porth and Point. Halangy Down and the earlier chambered tomb upon the crest are often referred to locally as ‘Bants Carn’. The true ‘Bants Carn’ is a considerable rock outcrop dominating Halangy Point. This escarpment faces Crow Sound, which separates the north-west part of St. Mary's from the neighbouring island of Tresco. The hill-side is sheltered by the mass of Telegraph Hill from inclement weather from the north-east and east, but is fully exposed to the south-west and west.The existence of an ancient village site here has long been known in the islands. At the close of the last century, the late Alexander Gibson cleared away the underbrush from one of the more prominent huts and made a photographic record of its construction. Shortly after, the late G. Bonsor, of Mairena del Alcor, near Seville, in addition to excavating the chambered tomb, noted a considerable midden together with traces, of prehistoric occupation exposed in the cliffs of Halangy Porth just below the village site. Dr. H. O'Neill Hencken noted Bonsor's description of the midden, and, as nothing was known at the time of the material culture of the ‘village’, he associated the two.
Excavations at Mucking, Essex: A Second Interim Report
Authors: Jones M. U. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis second interim report on a multi-period settlement palimpsest being rescued from annihilation by quarrying for gravel demonstrates that crop-marks are site indicators, not site plans. A sample area even as large as 650 × 500 feet square, containing Belgic, Romano-British, and early Saxon settlement features and parts of two cemeteries cannot be understood out of context. Extensive plans emphasize that successive landscapes share a preference for strategic siting on this gravel terrace at the head of the Thames estuary. The validity of presupposing a wholesale transfer of continental settlement types from the known ‘invasion’ of the Migration period is questioned. The archaeological evidence for the two main house types at Mucking—round and sunken—is described.
Excavations at Winchester 1968: Seventh Interim Report
Authors: Biddle Martin 
Published: November 2011

SummaryRoman, Saxon, and medieval levels were examined in 1968. At Castle Yard the north end of the Norman andlater castle was uncovered. At Lankhills fifty fourth-century graves were excavated. In Lower Brook Street open-area excavation was continued into mid thirteenth-century levels on four house-plots and on St. Mary's Church, where twelve phases can now be recognized between c. 1250 and c. 1470. St. Pancras Church was located. On the Cathedral site no Belgic occupation was found. A late second- to early third-century addition to the forum was excavated, and much of its painted wall-plaster recovered. The structure was abandoned c. A.D. 300. A laterally apsed tenth-century crossing was found in the Old Minster linking two earlier buildings. After his translation in gjl from outside the church, St. Swithun's shrine appears to have stood within this link-building. At Wolvesey Roman buildings were excavated, and additions were made to the plan of the Norman palace. A second halljchamber-block of c. 1129–35 has been planned. In an appendix D. M. Wilson considers an important decorated bronze strap-end of c. A.D. 1000 found on the Old Minster site.
The Medieval Parsonage House, Coningsby, Lincolnshire
Authors: Barley M. W. , Rogers A. , Strange P. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis house is shown, from both structural and documentary evidence, to have been built c. 1345 by William Hillary, a rector with Staffordshire connections. Of his work enough remains to show that it was of aisled design, with an open service bay at the lower end; the two-bay hall had a base-cruck truss. The surviving woodwork is of very high quality. The two-storey cross wing, later than the hall and originally timber-framed, is cased in brick, and this brickwork is ascribed, on both docu mentary and archaeological evidence, to yohn Croxby, rector 1460–92 and namesake of the first clerk of works of Tattershall Castle.The later alterations to the house are worked out from structural and documentary evidence (terriers, probate inventories); later rectors, including two minor Georgian poets, are described. The paper is illustrated by plans, sections, reconstructions and photographs. It concludes with a distribution map of base-cruck halls and comments on the social context of this type of construction. Dr. Rogers has contributed the historical evidence in this paper; the other authors are responsible for the account of the structure.
Bernard van Orley and Malines: The Dido and Aeneas Tapestries at Hampton Court
Authors: Wayment H. G. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe designs of the early sixteenth-century series of five tapestries on the story of Dido and Aeneas at Hampton Court Palace {Collection of H.M. the Queen) were tentatively ascribed by A. E. Popham in 1926, and following him by K. T. Parker, to ‘Aert Ortkens’. But the drawings attributed to Ortkens by successive writers since Friedländer (1921) can now be shown to represent the production of the Malines school of designers for glass and tapestry during the first third of the sixteenth century, and to include a number of early sketches by Bernard van Orley. The article suggests how the design of the second tapestry of the Dido and Aeneas seriesfitsinto van Orley's œuvre, and refers the others to minor masters of the Malines—Brussels circle round van Orley and the brothers Adrian and Peter van den Houte of Malines.