bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organometallic Osmium(II) and Ruthenium(II) Biphenyl Sandwich Complexes: X‐ray Crystal Structures and 187Os NMR Spectroscopic Studies in Solution
Authors: Gray Jennifer C. , Pagelot Alain , Collins Anna , Fabbiani Francesca P. A. , Parsons Simon , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) organometallic sandwich complexes [Ru(η6‐bip)2](OTf)2 (1) and [Os(η6‐bip)2](OTf)2 (2) containing biphenyl (bip) as the arene ligand, and the X‐ray crystal structures of 1·MeOH and 2. The unit cell of the osmium complex contains molecules in which the unbound phenyl ring of the biphenyl ligands exists in both staggered and eclipsed configurations, whereas for the ruthenium complex the rings are only eclipsed. Both crystal structures possess CH/π and π–π stacking interactions. 187Os (nuclear spin 1/2, natural abundance of 1.64 %) has a very low gyromagnetic ratio and is one of the most insensitive nuclei in the periodic table. We show that inverse NMR spectroscopic detection by the use of 1H/187Os heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy allows the ready observation of the 187Os resonance of complex 2 via couplings to arene ring protons. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Diet‐dependent occurrence of CLA isomers in rumen and duodenal digesta of slaughtered bulls
Authors: Dannenberger Dirk , Nuernberg Karin , Nuernberg Gerd 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study examined the effects of linolenic acid‐rich vs. linoleic acid‐rich feeding system on the occurrence of individual CLA isomers in the rumen and duodenum digesta of German Holstein and German Simmental bulls using Ag+‐HPLC/DAD. The diet affected the biosynthesis of individual CLA isomers in the rumen of the bulls of both breeds. The isomer t‐11,c‐13 CLA was detected as the most abundant isomer in the rumen of linolenic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls, up to six times higher compared to linoleic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls. However, the main isomer in muscle lipid, c‐9,t‐11 CLA, was produced to a low extent in the rumen of linolenic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls compared to higher concentrations of this isomer in the rumen of linoleic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls. The isomers t‐7,c‐9 CLA and t‐8,c‐10 CLA were not present in the rumen samples of bulls fed both diets; however, abundant t‐7,c‐9 CLA was identified in the duodenum. The CLA isomers t‐12,t‐14 CLA and t‐11,t‐13 CLA were identified as the main t,t CLA isomers in the rumen, and were significantly enhanced in the rumen of linolenic acid‐rich diet‐fed compared to linoleic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls. In contrast to c‐9,t‐11 CLA, the t,t CLA isomers seem to be biosynthesized predominantly in the rumen, further transported via the duodenum and finally deposited in the tissue lipids mainly in linolenic acid‐rich diet‐fed bulls. This was shown earlier for muscle and subcutaneous fat samples from the same animal experiment.
Catalytic Enantioselective Aldol Additions to Ketones
Authors: Adachi Shinya , Harada Toshiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEnantioselective aldol addition to ketones has received growing attention since the resulting tertiary aldols are valuable building blocks for many biologically active compounds. Recently, several catalytic methodologies have been developed based on the activation of acceptor ketones and/or nucleophile enolates, overcoming problems associated with the lower reactivity and decreased steric discrimination of ketones compared to aldehydes. This microreview presents an overview of the progresses in the catalytic enantioselective aldol additions to ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Exhaustive Conformational Evaluation of the HIV‐1 Inhibitor BMS‐378806 through Theoretical Calculations and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Colombo Diego , Villa Stefania , Solano Lucrezia , Legnani Laura , Marinone Albini Franca , Toma Lucio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBMS‐378806 (1) is an azaindole derivative known to interfere with the HIV‐1 entry process by targeting the viral gp120 envelope glycoprotein and inhibiting its interaction to cellular CD4 receptors. To give a detailed comprehension of its conformational features, a theoretical study of 1 was performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of calculation. Tenths of populated conformations were located and grouped into four families corresponding to the possible arrangements at the two planar amido functions. In agreement with these results, the high‐field 1H NMR spectrum of 1, recorded at 248 K, showed four distinct series of signals easily attributable to each family, thus confirming on experimental grounds the very high degree of conformational mobility of the compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Intramolecular Acceleration of Asymmetric Epoxide Ring‐Opening by Dendritic Polyglycerol Salen–CrIII Complexes
Authors: Keilitz Juliane , Haag Rainer 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present the synthesis of symmetrical (pyrrolidine‐salen)CrIII complexes immobilized on hyperbranched polyglycerol 1 through linkers of different lengths and their application in the asymmetric ring‐opening of meso‐epoxides. This reaction proceeded through a cooperative bimetallic mechanism and for the polymeric catalysts a positive dendritic effect with regard to the reaction rate was found. In addition, the introduction of long linkers (C6, C10, and C18) forced the favored head‐to‐tail orientation of two catalyst molecules and led to greater enantioselectivity with ee values of 48 % (cyclohexene oxide) and 64 % (cyclopentene oxide) for the ring‐opening of meso‐epoxides with TMSN3 catalyzed by hPG‐C10‐CrCl (13). The soluble polyglycerol‐supported catalyst was recovered five times by dialysis to afford similar activities and a 10 % increase in the enantioselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
CE MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS for multiplexed quantification of proteins in human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Zuberovic Aida , Wetterhall Magnus , Hanrieder Jörg , Bergquist Jonas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCE, interfaced off‐line to MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS, was for the first time used to quantitatively monitor the protein content in complex biological and clinical samples with iTRAQ™ labeling. The usefulness and advantage of iTRAQ™ labeling, in combination, with CE MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS is demonstrated on mixtures of protein standards and by a case study on human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from a patient with traumatic brain injury during patient recovery. Mixtures of five standard proteins were initially analyzed to optimize the experimental conditions for the CE MALDI‐MS and MS/MS analysis. The interactions of proteins and peptides with the capillary inner wall during CE separation were minimized using PolyE‐323 modified capillaries. The analysis of the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples yielded 43 significantly (p<0.05 MudPIT scoring) identified proteins that could be quantitatively monitored over time. The identified changes in protein levels for several of these proteins are well in line with the reports from previous studies on protein patterns that could be related to the post‐traumatic processes of traumatic brain injury. This study shows that the presented approach, combining isobaric tags with CE MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS, is a useful choice for quantitative proteomic analysis.
Enantioselective determination of thyroxine enantiomers by ligand‐exchange CE with UV absorbance and ICP‐MS detection
Authors: Kang Jianzhen , Kutscher Daniel , Montes‐Bayón Maria , Blanco‐González Elisa , Sanz‐Medel Alfredo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simple CE method has been developed for the separation and determination of thyroxine (T4) enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on ligand‐exchange mechanism using a Cu(II)/L‐proline complex as chiral selector. The effects of different parameters affecting separation such as chiral selector concentration, organic additive, buffer pH and temperature were investigated. A baseline separation of the two enantiomers was obtained at a Cu(II)/L‐proline ratio of 1:8 in a borate buffer (15 mmol/L, pH 9.6) containing 10% v/v acetonitrile. Under the optimized conditions, precision linearity range and detection limits of the developed enantioselective CE method were evaluated and compared using two different detection systems: conventional UV detection at 226 nm and iodine (127I)specific detection (“chiral speciation”) with ICP‐MS. Both methodologies show adequate analytical performance characteristics with detection limits around 0.30 μg/mL for each enantiomer of T4. Finally, a levothroid pharmaceutical formulation sample was successfully analyzed using both developed methods CE‐UV and CE‐ICP‐MS.
Separation of R‐form lipopolysaccharide and lipid A by CE–Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance MS
Authors: Hübner Göran , Lindner Buko 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria. Native isolates of LPS comprise a high inherent heterogeneity. This paper presents the first application of CE to separate and online mass analyze the different constituents of underivatized R‐form LPS and lipid A with an FT ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. A Beckman P/ACE MDQ and a home‐made CE instrument were coupled to the mass spectrometer using a sheath liquid interface. An optimized CE electrolyte based on water, isopropyl alcohol, triethylamine and acetic acid at pH 8.9 allowed the separation of molecular species even of complex mixtures to a large extent with observed detection limits of single constituents of the samples in the low femtomol range. Comparison of CE‐MS and MS measurements under equal conditions enabled the investigation of ion suppression effects in LPS samples.
2‐DE with IPGs
Authors: Görg Angelika , Drews Oliver , Lück Carsten , Weiland Florian , Weiss Walter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn order to overcome the limitations of carrier ampholyte generated pH gradients, IPGs were developed in the late 1970s. However, the 2‐DE pattern we included in the first publication on IEF with IPGs [Bjellqvist et al., J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 1982, 6, 317–339] was far from being competitive to O'Farrell's high‐resolution 2‐DE with carrier ampholytes. Our 2‐DE pattern in this article was, more or less, only a proof of principle. It was, however, the beginning of a long journey of stepwise improved 2‐DE protocols we developed in our laboratory and summarized in the reviews published in Electrophoresis 1988, 9, 531–546 and in Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 1037–1053. Milestones were the design of the IPG strip, and the “reduction‐alkylation equilibration protocol” of IPG strips after IEF for the efficient transfer of proteins from first to second dimension. The protocol of 2‐DE with IPGs has been constantly refined, e.g. by the generation of tailor‐made IPGs with different pH intervals from the acidic to the basic extremes (pH 2.5–12), and extended separation distances for improved resolution. In the present review, a historical outline from the technical difficulties encountered during the development of 2‐DE with IPGs, to the establishment of the actual “standard protocol” will be given, as well as the modified procedures for the separation of very acidic, very alkaline, low‐abundance and hydrophobic proteins, followed by a brief discussion of the advantages and technical challenges of gel‐based proteomic technologies.
Gene expression meta‐analysis identifies chromosomal regions involved in ovarian cancer survival
Authors: Thomassen Mads , Jochumsen Kirsten M. , Mogensen Ole , Tan Qihua , Kruse Torben A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOvarian cancer cells exhibit complex karyotypic alterations causing deregulation of numerous genes. Some of these genes are probably causal for cancer formation and local growth, whereas others are causal for metastasis and recurrence. By using publicly available data sets, we have investigated the relation of gene expression and chromosomal position to identify chromosomal regions of importance for early recurrence of ovarian cancer. By use of “Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,” we have ranked chromosomal regions according to their association to survival. Over‐representation analysis including 1–4 consecutive cytogenetic bands identified regions with increased expression for chromosome 5q12‐14, and a very large region of chromosome 7 with the strongest signal at 7p15‐13 among tumors from short‐living patients. Reduced gene expression was identified at 4q26‐32, 6p12‐q15, 9p21‐q32, and 11p14‐11. We summarized mutation load in these regions by a combined mutation score that is statistical significantly associated to survival by analysis in the data sets used for identification of the regions. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the combined mutation score was validated in an independent large data set using death (P = 0.015) and recurrence (P = 0.002) as outcome. The combined mutation score is strongly associated to upregulation of several growth factor pathways. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain volume abnormalities in major depressive disorder: A meta‐analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Koolschijn P. Cédric M.P. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Lensvelt‐Mulders Gerty J.L.M. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Kahn René S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective. So far, there have been no attempts to integrate the growing number of all brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies in depression. In this comprehensive meta‐analysis the magnitude and extent of brain volume differences between 2,418 patients with major depressive disorder and 1,974 healthy individuals from 64 studies was determined. Methods. A systematic research was conducted for volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with major depressive disorder in relation to healthy control subjects. Studies had to report sufficient data for computation of effect sizes. For each study, the Cohen's d was calculated. All analyses were performed using the random effects model. Additionally, meta‐regression analyses were done to explore the effects of potential sources of heterogeneity. Results. Patients showed large volume reductions in frontal regions, especially in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex with smaller reductions in the prefrontal cortex. The hippocampus, the putamen and caudate nucleus showed moderate volume reductions. Conclusions. This is the first comprehensive meta‐analysis in major depressive disorder demonstrating structural brain abnormalities, particularly in those brain areas that are involved in emotion processing and stress‐regulation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Executive dysfunction and periventricular diffusion tensor changes in amnesic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Ta‐Fu , Chen Ya‐Fang , Cheng Ting‐Wen , Hua Mau‐Sun , Liu Hon‐Man , Chiu Ming‐Jang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOur aim in this study was to explore the neural substrates of executive function in frontal and nonfrontal white matter using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We studied the relationship between executive dysfunction and DTI measurements on 13 subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 11 subjects with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 16 control subjects. All participants underwent an examination of their intelligence, memory, and executive function and were subjected to DTI. Both aMCI and early AD subjects showed executive function impairment with differential performance in frontal‐related behaviors. Both aMCI and early AD subjects showed increased mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum and left frontal periventricular white matter (PVWM), whereas subjects with early AD showed an additional decrease in the fractional anisotropy of bilateral frontal PVWM and in the genu of the corpus callosum. The frontal PVWM was associated with performance on the Verbal Fluency Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Part B of the Trail Making Test. The parietal PVWM was associated with perseverative errors on the WCST and Part A of the Trail Making Test. In summary, executive function was impaired in subjects with aMCI and early AD and was associated with frontal and parietal PVWM changes. These changes may be due to early AD degeneration of the lateral cholinergic projections or to early change of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leiomyosarcoma of the larynx as a local relapse of squamous cell carcinoma—Report of an unusual case
Authors: Völker Hans‐Ullrich , Zettl Andreas , Haralambieva Eugenia , Blume Bernd , Hagen Rudolf , Müller‐Hermelink Hans‐Konrad , Scheich Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.The authors report on leiomyosarcoma after previously treated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the glottis.Methods.Primary tumor and relapses were investigated morphologically, immunohistochemically, and with molecular methods.Results.The SCC was typical, but few cells showed a spindle‐shaped pattern. The relapse tumor was a spindle‐shaped and epitheloid tumor with the morphological and immunohistochemical appearance of leiomyosarcoma (sm‐actin+, desmin+, caldesmon+, vimentin+, keratin−).The comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed some gains and losses in the leiomyosarcoma. Because of altered material, the investigation failed in the primary. A fluorescence in situ hybridization (5p) focally detected 3 chromosmomal copies, corresponding to gains on 5p in CGH of leiomyosarcoma.Conclusion.Leiomyosarcoma after SCC is very uncommon. A connection between both seems likely in this case. Transdifferentiation, also seen in other tumors or carcinosarcomas, could be based on aberrant differentiation of a pluripotent stem cell. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Impacts of frequency and posture on body mass index in manual handling tasks
Authors: Tetteh Edem G. , Latif Niaz , McGlothlin James D. , Peters Jerry 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWorkspace design plays an important role in ensuring workers' safety and welfare. The issue is more pressing in the manufacturing industry, where many workers must remain in a standing position, assume awkward postures, and perform repetitive tasks for extended periods of time. In this research, an electromyographic measurement technique was used to measure activity of four back muscles: the trapezius p. descendens, the deltoideus p. scapularis, the infraspinatus, and the latissimus dorsi. The results showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) impact of left versus right side of the body, the degree of rotation to the right side of the body (0, 30, and 60 degrees rotation to the mid‐sagittal plane), body mass index level (normal weight [<25 kg/m2] vs. overweight [⩾25 kg/m2]), and tasks (high vs. low frequency). In this study, the role that workers and workspace variation play is clearly associated with an increase in the amplitude of electromyography at the targeted back muscles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human and machine effects in a just‐in‐time scheduling problem
Authors: Eren Tamer 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, single‐machine scheduling problems with learning effects of setup and removal times and deterioration effects of processing time are considered. The objective function of the problem is minimization of the weighted sum of total earliness and total tardiness. To get an exact solution to the problem, a mathematical programming model is proposed. Also the model is tested on an example. To the best of our knowledge, no work exists in the literature that considers the problem presented in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous fluorescence assessment of organic matter variability on the Bournbrook River, Birmingham, UK
Authors: Carstea Elfrida M. , Baker Andy , Pavelescu Gabriela , Boomer Ian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractContinuous monitoring of dissolved organic matter (DOM) character and concentration at hourly resolution is rare, despite the importance of analysing organic matter variability at high‐temporal resolution to evaluate river carbon budgeting, river water health by detecting episodic pollution and to determine short‐term variations in chemical and ecological function. The authors report a 2‐week experiment performed on DOM sampled from Bournbrook, Birmingham, UK, an urban river for which spectrophotometric (fluorescence, absorbance), physiochemical (dissolved organic carbon [DOC], electrical conductivity, pH) and isotopic (D/H) parameters have been measured at hourly frequency. Our results show that the river had sub‐daily variations in both organic matter concentration and characteristics. In particular, after relatively high‐magnitude precipitation events, organic carbon concentration increased, with an associated increase in intensity of both humic‐like and tryptophan‐like fluorescence. D/H isotopic ratio demonstrates different hydrological responses to different rainfall events, and organic matter character reflects this difference. Events with precipitation < 2 mm typically yielded isotopically heavy water with relatively hydrophilic DOM and relatively low specific absorbance. Events with precipitation > 2 mm had isotopically lighter water with higher specific absorbance and a decrease in the proportion of microbially derived to humic‐like fluorescence. In our heavily urbanized catchment, we interpret these signals as one where riverine DOM is dominated by storm sewer‐derived ‘old’ organic matter at low‐rainfall amounts and a mixed signal at high‐precipitation amounts where ‘event’ surface runoff‐derived organic matter dominate during storm sewer and combined sewer overflow routed DOM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of water vapour, heat and energy exchanges over agricultural and wetland ecosystems
Authors: Li Yijun , Zhou Li , Xu Zhenzhu , Zhou Guangsheng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWetland and maize farmland are main ecosystems in Northeast China, which play important roles in water, heat and energy exchanges between land and atmosphere. In this study, we used the eddy covariance system to examine the characteristics of water, heat and energy exchanges over a rain‐fed maize agricultural ecosystem and a reed wetland ecosystem. The results showed that water and heat exchanges had significant differences between the two ecosystems, which were attributed to obvious distinction in their surface properties. Heat exchange (H) was stronger over reed wetland, while water vapour exchange (LE) was greater over maize farmland. Wetland has great thermal capacity that tends to slow down the energy exchange; therefore, half‐hour peak values of LE and H over the wetland delayed for half an hour compared to the maize farmland. The ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to potential evapotranspiration (ETp) indicated that ET over the reed wetland was most of the time close to ETp in the non‐growing season, while ET over the maize farmland was closer to ETp in the growing season. A weak linear relationship was found between ET and leaf area index (LAI) over the reed wetland in the growing season, indicating that the transpiration from canopy provided few contributions to ET. In addition, uncertain water resources brought external energy into reed wetland, resulting in poor energy closure, which provided some uncertainty to the partition of available energy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.