bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ladder tuning‐block partitioned filters for simplified tuning
Authors: Jurisic Drazen , Moschytz George S. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a procedure for the design of low‐sensitivity, active‐RC filters that permits efficient functional tuning during the manufacturing process. Filters with finite zeros, such as elliptic (Chebyshev–Cauer) low‐pass filters are primarily considered, although the method can be applied to the design of other filters, e.g. allpole filters, as well. We show how to partition a given ladder filter into two parts. The first is a ladder filter of reduced order compared to the original; the second is a second‐ or third‐order active‐RC filter section, the ‘tuning block’, which, alone is used to tune the overall filter. The ladder, the components of which are fixed, provides most of the selectivity, while the cascaded tuning block determines the band‐edge characteristics and can be tuned relatively easily. A detailed design procedure for the filter partitioning is given. By obtaining a doubly terminated ladder filter, which is cascaded with a tuning block, both the inherent low sensitivity of the ladder and the tunability of the tuning block, are maintained. A Monte Carlo analysis of the partitioned filter demonstrates that the low sensitivity with respect to component tolerances, achievable by maintaining a doubly terminated ladder structure for the larger partitioned part of the filter, is preserved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic Layer Deposition of WO3 Thin Films using W(CO)6 and O3 Precursors
Authors: Malm Jari , Sajavaara Timo , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHere we report a new atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for WO3 thin films based on W(CO)6 as a tungsten source and ozone as a source of oxygen. A narrow ALD temperature window is found at 195–205 °C for WO3 with a deposition rate of 0.23 Å per cycle. As‐deposited films are partially crystalline with root mean square (rms) roughness values of 4.7 nm for 90 nm thick films; annealing the films at 600–1000 °C under oxygen or nitrogen atmospheres enhances the degree of crystallinity considerably. Our results show that the straightforward ALD chemistry of carbonyl compounds and ozone is applicable to the deposition of WO3 thin films.
A high‐throughput, flow cytometry‐based method to quantify DNA‐end resection in mammalian cells
Authors: Forment Josep V. , Walker Rachael V. , Jackson Stephen P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReplication protein A (RPA) is an essential trimeric protein complex that binds to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells and is involved in various aspects of cellular DNA metabolism, including replication and repair. Although RPA is ubiquitously expressed throughout the cell cycle, it localizes to DNA replication forks during S phase, and is recruited to sites of DNA damage when regions of ssDNA are exposed. During DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), RPA recruitment to DNA damage sites depends on a process termed DNA‐end resection. Consequently, RPA recruitment to sub‐nuclear regions bearing DSBs has been used as readout for resection and for ongoing HR. Quantification of RPA recruitment by immunofluorescence‐based microscopy techniques is time consuming and requires extensive image analysis of relatively small populations of cells. Here, we present a high‐throughput flow‐cytometry method that allows the use of RPA staining to measure cell proliferation and DNA‐damage repair by HR in an unprecedented, unbiased and quantitative manner. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Discrete μ4‐Oxido Tetranuclear Iron(III) Cluster
Authors: Sutradhar Manas , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReaction of a Schiff base ligand derived from salicyloyl hydrazide and diacetyl monooxime (H2L) with a triangular μ3‐oxido‐centered [Fe3(μ3‐O)]7+ core yields a new tetranuclear iron(III) complex. FeIII4(μ4‐O) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$. Structural studies reveal that this tetranuclear iron(III) complex is a new structure type of an uncharged (alkoxido)(oxido)iron(III) cluster in which the four iron(III) ions are located at the corners of a distorted tetrahedron. A study of the magnetic properties supports the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions through the central μ4‐oxido ion as well as the μ2‐methoxy groups present, giving an an S = 0 ground state. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms the presence of high‐spin iron(III) ions in this complex.
“In situ” Activation of Racemic RuII Complexes: Separation of trans and cis Species and Their Application in Asymmetric Reduction
Authors: Facchetti Giorgio , Cesarotti Edoardo , Pellizzoni Michela , Zerla Daniele , Rimoldi Isabella 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRuthenium(II) dichlorides with racemic atropos‐biaryl‐based diphosphanes and optically active 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine (DPEN) as ligands have been synthesised. trans and cis isomers were formed due to the low basicity of the diphosphane ligands, in particular, with BITIANP and BIMIP. The trans and cis species were easily separated by filtration. In particular, when rac‐BITIANP was used in combination with chiral DPEN, the asymmetric separation of optically pure complexes in cis and trans arrangements was realised and they were used as precatalysts in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. Matching and mismatching combinations exhibited different performances.
Lyngbyabellins K–N from Two Palmyra Atoll Collections of the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii
Authors: Choi Hyukjae , Mevers Emily , Byrum Tara , Valeriote Frederick A. , Gerwick William H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFive lipopeptides of the lyngbyabellin structure class, four cyclic (1–3 and 5) and one linear (4), were isolated from the extracts of two collections of filamentous marine cyanobacteria obtained from the Palmyra Atoll in the Central Pacific Ocean. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses as well as chemical synthesis of fragments. In addition to structural features typical of the lyngbyabellins, such as two thiazole rings and a chlorinated 2‐methyloctanoate residue, these new compounds possess several unique aspects. Of note, metabolites 2 and 3 possess rare monochlorination on the 3‐acyloxy‐2‐methyloctanoate residue, whereas lyngbyabellin N (5) has an unusual N,N‐dimethylvaline terminus. Lyngbyabellin N also possesses a leucine statine residue and shows strong cytotoxic activity against the HCT116 colon cancer cell line (IC50 = 40.9 ± 3.3 nM).
Recalibrating aeolian sand transport models
Authors: Sherman Douglas J. , Li Bailiang , Ellis Jean T. , Farrell Eugene J. , Maia Luis Parente , Granja Helena 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA quality‐controlled data set comprising measurements of aeolian sand transport rates obtained at three disparate field sites is used to evaluate six commonly employed transport rate models (those of Bagnold, Kawamura, Zingg, Owen, Hsu, and Lettau and Lettau) and to recalibrate the empirical constants in those models. Shear velocity estimates were obtained using the von Kármán constant and an apparent von Kármán parameter. Models were recalibrated using non‐linear regression and non‐linear regression with least‐squares lines forced through axes origins. Recalibration using the apparent von Kármán parameter and forced regression reduced the empirical constants for all models. The disparity between the predictions from the different models is reduced from about an order of magnitude to about a quarter of an order of magnitude. The recalibrated Lettau and Lettau model provided the greatest statistical agreement between observed and predicted transport rates, with a coefficient of determination of 0·77. Evaluation of the results suggests that our estimations of threshold shear velocity may be too slow, causing errors in predicted transport rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting contamination by the fuel additive cerium oxide engineered nanoparticles within the United Kingdom and the associated risks
Authors: Johnson Andrew C. , Park Barry 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
As a fuel additive, cerium oxide nanoparticles may become widely dispersed throughout the environment. Commercial information from the United Kingdom (UK) on the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles was used to perform a modeling and risk assessment exercise. Discharge from exhausts took into account the likely removal by filters fitted to these vehicles. For predicting current soil exposure, scenarios were examined, ranging from dispersion occurring across the entire UK landmass to only within the urban area to only 20 m on either side of road networks. For soils, the highest predicted contamination level was 0.016 mg/kg within 20 m of a road following seven years of continuous deposition. This value would represent 0.027% of reported natural background cerium. If usage were to double for five more years, levels would not be expected to exceed 0.04 mg/kg. River water contamination considered direct aerial deposition and indirect contamination via runoff in the water and entrained soil sediment, with the highest level of 0.02 ng/L predicted. The highest predicted water concentration of 300 ng/L was associated with water draining from a road surface, assuming a restricted deposition spread. These predictions are well below most toxicological levels of concern. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2582–2587. © 2012 SETAC
FGF3/FGF4 amplification and multiple lung metastases in responders to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Arao Tokuzo , Ueshima Kazuomi , Matsumoto Kazuko , Nagai Tomoyuki , Kimura Hideharu , Hagiwara Satoru , Sakurai Toshiharu , Haji Seiji , Kanazawa Akishige , Hidaka Hisashi , Iso Yukihiro , Kubota Keiichi , Shimada Mitsuo , Utsunomiya Tohru , Hirooka Masashi , Hiasa Yoichi , Toyoki Yoshikazu , Hakamada Kenichi , Yasui Kohichiroh , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Sato Shuichi , Hisai Hiroyuki , Kuzuya Teiji , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Izumi Namiki , Arii Shigeki , Nishio Kazuto , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

The response rate to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively low (0.7%-3%), however, rapid and drastic tumor regression is occasionally observed. The molecular backgrounds and clinico-pathological features of these responders remain largely unclear. We analyzed the clinical and molecular backgrounds of 13 responders to sorafenib with significant tumor shrinkage in a retrospective study. A comparative genomic hybridization analysis using one frozen HCC sample from a responder demonstrated that the 11q13 region, a rare amplicon in HCC including the loci for

FGF3

and

FGF4

, was highly amplified. A real-time polymerase chain reaction–based copy number assay revealed that

FGF3

/

FGF4

amplification was observed in three of the 10 HCC samples from responders in which DNA was evaluable, whereas amplification was not observed in 38 patients with stable or progressive disease (

P

= 0.006). Fluorescence

in situ

hybridization analysis confirmed

FGF3

amplification. In addition, the clinico-pathological features showed that multiple lung metastases (5/13,

P

= 0.006) and a poorly differentiated histological type (5/13,

P

= 0.13) were frequently observed in responders. A growth inhibitory assay showed that only one

FGF3

/

FGF4

-amplified and three

FGFR2

-amplified cancer cell lines exhibited hypersensitivity to sorafenib

in vitro

. Finally, an

in vivo

study revealed that treatment with a low dose of sorafenib was partially effective for stably and exogenously expressed

FGF4

tumors, while being less effective in tumors expressing

EGFP

or

FGF3

.

Conclusion: FGF3

/

FGF4

amplification was observed in around 2% of HCCs. Although the sample size was relatively small,

FGF3/FGF4

amplification, a poorly differentiated histological type, and multiple lung metastases were frequently observed in responders to sorafenib. Our findings may provide a novel insight into the molecular background of HCC and sorafenib responders, warranting further prospective biomarker studies.
High‐resolution genomic profiling reveals clonal evolution and competition in gastrointestinal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma and its large cell variant
Authors: Flossbach Lucia , Holzmann Karlheinz , Mattfeldt Torsten , Buck Michaela , Lanz Karin , Held Michael , Möller Peter , Barth Thomas F.E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe studied marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract including seven small cell lymphomas, eight large cell areas of composite lymphomas and 13 large cell variants using SNP array profiling. We found an increase of genomic complexity with lymphoma progression from small to large cytology, and identified gains of prominent (proto) oncogenes such as REL, BCL11A, ETS1, PTPN1, PTEN and KRAS which were found exclusively in the large cell variants. Copy numbers of ADAM3A, SCAPER and SIRPB1 were varying between the three different modes of presentation, hence suggestive for aberrations associated with progression from small to large cell lymphoma. The number of aberrations was slightly higher in the large cell part of composite lymphomas than in large cell lymphomas, suggesting that clonal selection takes place and that composite lymphomas are in a transition state. To further investigate this, we comparatively analyzed samples of two morphologically different regions of the same small cell tumor with a BIRC3‐MALT1 translocation, as well as material acquired at two different time points from one composite lymphoma. We found genomic heterogeneity in both cases, supporting the theory of competing subclones in the evolution and progression of extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma.
High frequency electrical stimulation concurrently induces central sensitization and ipsilateral inhibitory pain modulation
Authors: Vo L. , Drummond P.D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn healthy humans, analgesia to blunt pressure develops in the ipsilateral forehead during various forms of limb pain. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this analgesic response is induced by ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), which evokes signs of peripheral sensitization, or by high‐frequency electrical stimulation (HFS), which triggers signs of central sensitization.MethodsBefore and after HFS and UVB conditioning, sensitivity to heat and to blunt and sharp stimuli was assessed at and adjacent to the treated site in the forearm. In addition, sensitivity to blunt pressure was measured bilaterally in the forehead. The effect of ipsilateral versus contralateral temple cooling on electrically evoked pain in the forearm was then examined, to determine whether HFS or UVB conditioning altered inhibitory pain modulation.ResultsUVB conditioning triggered signs of peripheral sensitization, whereas HFS conditioning triggered signs of central sensitization. Importantly, ipsilateral forehead analgesia developed after HFS but not UVB conditioning. In addition, decreases in electrically evoked pain at the HFS‐treated site were greater during ipsilateral than contralateral temple cooling, whereas decreases at the UVB‐treated site were similar during both procedures.ConclusionsHFS conditioning induced signs of central sensitization in the forearm and analgesia both in the ipsilateral forehead and the HFS‐treated site. This ipsilateral analgesia was not due to peripheral sensitization or other non‐specific effects, as it failed to develop after UVB conditioning. Thus, the supra‐spinal mechanisms that evoke central sensitization might also trigger a hemilateral inhibitory pain modulation process. This inhibitory process could sharpen the boundaries of central sensitization or limit its spread.
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Yuen E. , Gueorguieva I. , Bueno‐Burgos L. , Iyengar S. , Aarons L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundDuloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). The current analyses aimed to identify and evaluate the effect of any significant covariates on DPNP treatment response, via the development of a continuous descriptive Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model for pain score reduction and a proportional odds PK/PD model describing the proportion of patients achieving pain relief.MethodsA total of 1139 patients received placebo, 20, 60 or 120 mg duloxetine daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was 24‐h pain scores collected on the 11‐point categorical numerical rating scale averaged over a week. PK/PD models were fitted using non‐linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsBaseline pain severity was found to be an important factor in both PK/PD models. Larger drops in pain scores were observed for patients with more severe pain. The proportional odds PK/PD model used an a priori definition for adequate pain relief, which was a decrease in two points from baseline. Simulations showed that approximately 70% of patients in the highest dose groups would obtain pain relief at week 12, although placebo response was relatively high at 40%. The proportion of patients who obtained pain relief was slightly lower in those with mild pain compared to those with more severe pain.ConclusionsPatients with more severe pain at study entry had larger treatment responses and were more likely to achieve clinically meaningful pain relief with similar amounts of drug, compared to patients with milder pain.
Parkinson's disease among American Indians and Alaska natives: A nationwide prevalence study
Authors: Gordon Paul H. , Mehal Jason M. , Holman Robert C. , Rowland Andrew S. , Cheek James E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people.Methods:We analyzed records for AI/AN people between 2002 and 2009 using inpatient and outpatient visit data from the Indian Health Service. Crude and age‐adjusted prevalence, using the 2000 projected US population as the standard, was determined overall and by age group, sex, period, and region.Results:An estimated 2613 AI/AN people carried the diagnosis of PD (crude prevalence, 143.8/100,000). Prevalence increased with age through 84 years. The age‐adjusted rate was 355.7 and was higher among men than women (P < .0001). Rates differed by region (P < .0001).Conclusions:Parkinson's disease is prevalent among AI/AN people. The prevalence increases with age, varies by geographic region, and is higher among men than women. Community‐based studies are needed to define incidence, examine risk factors, and determine reasons for sex and regional differences in PD among AI/AN people. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Psychometric properties of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire from five European countries
Authors: Essau Cecilia A. , Olaya Beatriz , Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous Xenia , Pauli Gina , Gilvarry Catherine , Bray Diane , O'callaghan Jean , Ollendick Thomas H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief screening instrument for assessing emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. This study examined the factor structure and validity of the self‐report original English version of the SDQ and four of its many translations (German, Cypriot Greek, Swedish, and Italian). A total of 2418 adolescents from five European countries (Germany, Cyprus, England, Sweden, Italy), ages 12 to 17 years, participated. The sample was drawn from general (school) populations. In addition to the SDQ, all participants completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), a measure of anxiety symptoms. The internal consistency and validity of the SDQ total difficulties were good for most countries. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both five‐ and three‐factor models provided good fit for the whole sample; however, the three‐factor model fit somewhat better than the five‐factor model. The factor structure differed across countries, with the three‐factor model showing better fit indices in Cyprus, whereas the five‐factor model fitted better in Germany. Fit indices for the UK, Sweden, and Italy were poor for both models. When the reversed items were removed, the goodness‐of‐fit improved significantly for the total sample and in each country. It is therefore recommended that the reversed items be removed or re‐worded in future studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of adult awareness and use of medicine containing acetaminophen
Authors: Boudreau Denise M. , Wirtz Heidi , Von Korff Michael , Catz Sheryl L. , St. John Jackie , Stang Paul E. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare awareness, use of acetaminophen, and preferences for receiving information aimed at reducing acetaminophen overdose.MethodsA survey of health plan enrollees identified from automated pharmacy data who were long‐term and acute users of opioids with acetaminophen (n = 720 each cohort), and a general population cohort (n = 360) during the 2010–2011 cold/flu season. A 74% response rate was achieved. Differences were tested across the three cohorts, and by level of education, using age‐adjusted regression models.ResultsUse of over‐the‐counter or prescription medicine containing acetaminophen in the prior 2 weeks was reported by 84% in the long‐term opioid cohort, 76% in the acute opioid cohort, and 36% in the general population, but use of over‐the‐counter medicine with acetaminophen did not differ across the cohorts (30–34%). All three cohorts were unlikely to correctly identify drugs containing acetaminophen, but the opioid cohorts performed slightly better than the general population. Those with higher education performed slightly better when asked to identify acetaminophen products than those with no college education. The average usual daily acetaminophen dose (mg/day) reported was highest in the long‐term opioid cohort (1185), followed by the acute opioid cohort (1010), and the general population (891)—p < 0.001. Estimated supratherapeutic exposure (>4000 mg/day) was rare but three to five times more common in the opioid cohorts than in the general population.ConclusionsAcetaminophen use is common, and supratherapeutic exposure may be of concern in users of opioids. Knowledge of which drugs contain acetaminophen appears inadequate; better labeling and proactive education from professionals may be impactful. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.