bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An increased risk of motor vehicle accidents after prescription of methadone
Authors: Bramness Jørgen G. , Skurtveit Svetlana , Mørland Jørg , Engeland Anders 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To investigate whether exposure to methadone affects the risk of motor vehicle accident with personal injury.Design  Cohort study linking three Norwegian administrative registries using unique person identifiers.Setting   Information was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database on any prescriptions ever received by the individuals for methadone and all prescriptions for benzodiazepines. The Norwegian Road Accident Registry provided information about motor vehicle accidents involving personal injuries on Norwegian roads. The Central Population Registry provided demographic information on all residents in Norway.Participants  All Norwegian adults aged 18–69 years were observed for 2.5 years.Measurements  Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated by comparing the incidence of traffic accidents with personal injuries in patients exposed to methadone with the incidence in those not exposed.Findings  During the 4626 person‐years observed in patients exposed to methadone, there were 26 motor vehicle accidents. There were very few accidents among the females who received methadone and they had no increased risk of being involved in motor vehicle accidents (SIR 1.1; 95% CI 0.2–3.1). We observed an increased risk of involvement in accidents among males (SIR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5–3.6). This figure did not change significantly when exposure to benzodiazepines was excluded.Conclusions  Men exposed to methadone appear to have an increased risk of being involved in motor vehicle accidents involving personal injuries. This increased risk could not be explained by exposure of benzodiazepines.
The impact of intestinal resection on serum levels of anti‐Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Eser A. , Papay P. , Primas C. , Pernicka E. , Harrer M. , Dejaco C. , Novacek G. , Lichtenberger C. , Angelberger S. , Kazemi L. , Mikulits A. , Vogelsang H. , Reinisch W. 
Published: December 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 292–299SummaryBackground  Antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) are highly prevalent in sera of patients with Crohn’s disease and have been proposed to identify subgroups of patients with a disabling disease course.Aim  To investigate the impact of intestinal resection on serum levels of ASCA in patients with Crohn’s disease and the predictive value of ASCA levels on surgical recurrence.Methods  Sera from 60 patients who underwent ‘curative’ intestinal resection due to stricturing and/or penetrating complications were collected preoperatively and during post‐operative follow‐up (week 2, months 4, 8 and 11 ± 1). Measurement of ASCA IgG and IgA isotypes were performed using ELISA. Re‐operation rate was associated with ASCA status and serum levels.Results  At baseline 44/60 (73%) of patients were rated as positive for ASCA IgG, 45/60 (75%) for ASCA IgA and 52/60 (87%) as positive for at least one of both. ASCA serum levels remained stable during first year from resection. After a median of 106 months 10 of 40 (25%) patients with long‐term follow‐up underwent one or more intestinal re‐operations. Neither ASCA positivity nor absolute ASCA serum levels were predictive of surgical recurrence.Conclusions  Serum ASCA levels remain stable after curative intestinal resection in Crohn’s disease. This indicates the persistence of both stimulus and immunological mechanism operative in the production of ASCA even after complete surgical resection of macroscopically inflamed intestinal tissue. After intestinal resection, neither ASCA positivity nor ASCA serum levels predict the risk of surgical recurrence during long‐term follow‐up.
Genetic variation in PLAG1 associates with early life body weight and peripubertal weight and growth in Bos taurus
Authors: Littlejohn M. , Grala T. , Sanders K. , Walker C. , Waghorn G. , Macdonald K. , Coppieters W. , Georges M. , Spelman R. , Hillerton E. , Davis S. , Snell R. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryVariation at the pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) locus has recently been implicated in the regulation of stature and weight in Bos taurus. Using a population of 942 outbred Holstein–Friesian dairy calves, we report confirmation of this effect, demonstrating strong association of early life body weight with PLAG1 genotype. Peripubertal body weight and growth rate were also significantly associated with PLAG1 genotype. Growth rate per kilogram of body weight, daily feed intake, gross feed efficiency and residual feed intake were not significantly associated with PLAG1 genotype. This study supports the status of PLAG1 as a key regulator of mammalian growth. Further, the data indicate the utility of PLAG1 polymorphisms for the selection of animals to achieve enhanced weight gain or conversely to aid the selection of animals with lower mature body weight and thus lower maintenance energy requirements.
Risk of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sultan Alyshah Abdul , West Joe , Tata Laila J. , Fleming Kate M. , Nelson‐Piercy Catherine , Grainge Matthew J. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryKnowledge of the absolute and relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in and around pregnancy would be crucial in identifying when to commence and cease thromboprophylaxis in women who would benefit from such intervention. We addressed this hypothesis using a large prospective primary care database from the United Kingdom, containing details on 972 683 women aged 15–44 years between 1987 and 2004. Risks of a first VTE during antepartum, postpartum and outside of pregnancy were compared using Poisson regression. The rate of VTE during the third trimester antepartum was six times higher than time outside pregnancy [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 6·1; 95% confidence interval, 4·7–7·9]. In contrast, both the first (IRR = 1·6) and second (IRR = 2·1) trimesters conferred little increase in risk. The first 6 weeks postpartum was associated with a 22‐fold increase in risk, with the peak occurring in the first 3 weeks. Increased age was found to be associated with VTE during postpartum and outside of pregnancy, but not during antepartum. Our findings of a notably raised risk of VTE persisting for 3 weeks postpartum and of a raised antepartum risk constrained to the third trimester have implications for modifying the current recommendations for VTE prophylaxis in pregnancy and the puerperium.
Inter‐agency joint protocols for safeguarding children in social care and adult mental‐health agencies: a cross‐sectional survey of practitioner experiences
Authors: Webber Martin , McCree Chris , Angeli Paul 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTParental mental illness, substance misuse and domestic violence are common risk factors for the maltreatment and neglect of children. Safeguarding children is everyone's responsibility, including professionals working primarily with adults. In the UK, Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) were established to ensure that all agencies work together to safeguard children. Many LSCBs developed multi‐agency joint protocols to enhance collaboration, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness.This paper reports findings from a cross‐sectional survey of practitioner self‐reported experiences of joint protocols, which was conducted in one inner London borough, to evaluate their impact on professional practice. A self‐complete questionnaire administered to all professionals in adult mental‐health and children's social care services in the borough yielded a response from 119 practitioners.The survey found that the protocols had been widely disseminated and provided clear guidance to practitioners. Practitioners perceived that they had increased awareness of the risk factors for safeguarding children and some had used the protocols to help them gain access to services for their clients. Practitioners also perceived that they had improved inter‐agency working between children's social care and adult mental‐health services. However, respondents indicated that positive interpersonal contact with practitioners from other agencies was equally important in promoting joint working and inter‐agency collaboration.
Diagnosing adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: the importance of establishing daily life contexts for symptoms and impairments
Authors: PRIMICH C. , IENNACO J. 
Published: December 2011

Accessible summary
Although the prevalence of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the adult population is significant, similar to that of common mood and anxiety disorders, only a fraction of those affected receive treatment.
The adult patient with ADHD is at risk for misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment because of the presence of symptoms and impairments held in common with mood and anxiety disorders as well as high comorbidity.
This review examines the importance of establishing the context of symptom presentation and impairment to yield diagnostic clarity across the lifespan.
AbstractThis integrative literature review examines the complexity of diagnosing attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with regard to the presence of symptoms and comorbidities common to mood, anxiety and other disorders. In adults, symptoms are often masked by the patient's learned compensatory mechanisms. Misdiagnosis, and subsequent treatment, can moderate common symptoms without relieving the core difficulties of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This review was conducted to identify methods of improving diagnostic clarity. The literature reveals the importance of evaluating both retrospective and current symptoms and impairments in the context of the individual's life. Careful, nuanced assessment of the relationship between symptom expression and impairment in daily living offers diagnostic clarity. Symptoms common to multiple disorders will be distinguished by illuminating the context in which they arise and are experienced. Well‐supported assessments, sensitive to the context in which symptoms and impairments present, will result in greater diagnostic accuracy, better treatment outcomes and enhanced quality of life. Accurate diagnoses will contribute to the understanding of adult ADHD and remind both clinicians and the public that this disorder is often present in adults as well as children.
No evidence of inbreeding avoidance despite demonstrated survival costs in a polygynous rodent
Authors: OLSON L. E. , BLUMSTEIN D. T. , POLLINGER J. R. , WAYNE R. K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIndividuals are generally predicted to avoid inbreeding because of detrimental fitness effects. However, several recent studies have shown that limited inbreeding is tolerated by some vertebrate species. Here, we examine the costs and benefits of inbreeding in a largely polygynous rodent, the yellow‐bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris). We use a pedigree constructed from 8 years of genetic data to determine the relatedness of all marmots in our study population and examine offspring survival, annual male reproductive success, relatedness between breeding pairs and the effects of group composition on likelihood of male reproduction to assess inbreeding in this species. We found decreased survival in inbred offspring, but equal net reproductive success among males that inbred and those that avoided it. Relatedness between breeding pairs was greater than that expected by chance, indicating that marmots do not appear to avoid breeding with relatives. Further, male marmots do not avoid inbreeding: males mate with equal frequency in groups composed of both related and unrelated females and in groups composed of only female relatives. Our results demonstrate that inbreeding can be tolerated in a polygynous species if the reproductive costs of inbreeding are low and individuals that mate indiscriminately do not suffer decreased reproductive success.
Development and identification of wheat–barley 2H chromosome translocation lines carrying the Isa gene
Authors: Zou Hongda , Wu Ying , Liu Hongkui , Lin Zhishan , Ye Xingguo , Chen Xiao , Yuan Yaping 
Published: December 2011

With 4 figures and 2 tablesAbstractThe bifunctional α‐amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI) encoded by the Isa gene on barley chromosome 2HL could inhibit wheat α‐amylase activity, thereby reducing sprouting and improving the quality of wheat. Regenerated plants were derived from immature embryo culture of hybrids of common wheat varieties ‘Zhengmai 9023’, ‘CB037’ and ‘Zhongmai 16’ with the wheat–barley 2H alien substitution lines 2H(2A) and 2H(2B) after callus induction, subculture and differentiation. The presence of barley 2H chromatin was detected in regenerated plants (SC1) and their selfed progeny (SC2–5) using homoeologous group 2 SSR markers from barley and further identified in selected SC4 and SC5 lines using genomic in situ hybridization with barley genomic DNA as probe and CS genomic DNA for blocking. The Isa gene from the identified SC4 and SC5 lines was also amplified using Isa‐specific primers. We identified wheat–barley 2H chromosome translocation lines carring the Isa gene.
Salvage colectomy for endoscopically removed malignant colon polyps: is it possible to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes that need to be harvested?
Authors: Benhaim L. , Benoist S. , Bachet J.B. , Julié C. , Penna C. , Nordlinger B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  The total number of lymph nodes examined after salvage colectomy for endoscopically removed malignant polyps was evaluated and an attempt was made to determine whether there was an optimal number of lymph nodes that should be harvested.Method:  From 2000 to 2009, 531 patients underwent segmental resection for non‐metastatic colon cancer. Of these, 22 underwent a salvage colectomy for an endoscopically removed malignant polyp, the main indication for which was a resection margin of < 1 mm. The surgical procedure was identical to that used for all colon cancers.Results:  The mean number of lymph nodes examined was 11.6 ± 7.6 for the 22 patients with an endoscopically removed malignant polyp and 26.2 ± 13.9 for the remaining 509 patients (P = 0.0006). Fewer than 12 lymph nodes were examined in 62 (12%) of the 509 patients and in 13 (59%) of the 22 patients with an endoscopically removed malignant polyp (P < 0.0001). In the group of 22 patients who underwent a salvage colectomy, the total number of lymph nodes examined ranged from 2 to 33. At a mean follow up of 41 ± 15.6 months, no local or distant recurrence was observed in the 22 patients.Conclusion:  The total number of lymph nodes examined after colectomy for endoscopically removed malignant polyps varies and is less than the recommended number of 12 in most cases: this does not appear to have long‐term prognostic significance. There is no biological reason to explain this clinical observation.
Evaluation of maximum voided volume in Korean children by use of a 48‐h frequency volume chart
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ouck , Kim Kyung Do , Kim Young Sig , Kim Jun Mo , Moon Du Geon , Park Sungchan , Lee Sang Don , Chung Jae Min , Cho Won Yeol ,   The Korean Children's Continence and Enuresis Society
Published: December 2011

Study Type – Diagnostic (validating cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The relationship between the maximum voided volume followed a linear curve. The formula presented, bladder capacity (mL) = 12 ×[age (years) + 11], is thought to be a reasonable one for Korean children.Korean children have a smaller bladder capacity than that reported in previous Western studies.OBJECTIVE
To develop practical guidelines for the prediction of normal bladder capacity in Korean children measured by a frequency volume chart (FVC), maximum voided volume (MVV) is an important factor in the diagnosis of children with abnormal voiding function.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In all, 298 children, aged 3–13 years, with no history of voiding disorders volunteered for the study. The MVV was determined in 219 subjects by use of a completely recorded FVC.
RESULTS
Linear regression analysis was used to define the exact relationship between age and bladder capacity. An approximate formula related age to bladder capacity as follows: bladder capacity (mL) = 12 ×[age (years) + 11].
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between the MVV measured by a FVC by age (3–13 years) of Korean children followed a linear curve.
When applied to normal voiding patterns, the formula presented appears to be a reasonable one for Korean children.
The growth of reading skills in children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Hulme Charles , Goetz Kristina , Brigstocke Sophie , Nash Hannah M. , Lervåg Arne , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere appears to be a close and probably causal relationship between early variations in phoneme skills and later reading skills in typically developing children, though the pattern in children with Down Syndrome is less clear. We present the results of a 2‐year longitudinal study of 49 children with Down Syndrome (DS) and 61 typically developing (TD) control children with similar initial levels of reading skill. Phoneme awareness and vocabulary were strong concurrent predictors of initial levels of reading skill in both groups. However, longitudinally phoneme awareness was a predictor of the growth of reading skills in TD children but not in children with DS. There was a very high degree of longitudinal stability in reading skills in children with DS, and initial levels of reading skills seemed to be highly constrained by general language skills, as indexed by vocabulary knowledge, in this population. We conclude that reading development in children with DS shows similarities and differences to the pattern observed in TD children and that phoneme awareness appears to be a less powerful influence on the development of reading skills in children with DS.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in 851 Chinese patients with psoriasis
Authors: He Z. , Lu C. , Basra M.K.A. , Ou A. , Yan Y. , Li L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground  The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is one of the most frequently used scales to evaluate the impact of skin disease on patients’ quality of life (QoL). There has not been psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of DLQI in Chinese patients with psoriasis.Objective  The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of DLQI.Methods  Patients with psoriasis (≥18 years old) visiting nine hospitals in various regions of China were enrolled in the study. The DLQI, Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) and Health Survey Short Form (SF‐36) were completed. Severity of psoriasis was assessed by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Reliability was estimated by internal consistency. Validity was assessed using known‐groups comparison, convergent validity and construct validity.Results  In all, 851 patients were included in the study. The internal consistency reliability of the DLQI was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). Known‐groups comparison showed that the DLQI discriminated well among patients who differed in age, geographical region, duration of psoriasis and the PASI score. Evidence of convergent validity of the DLQI was proved by high correlations with the PDI and four subscales of SF‐36 (role‐physical, bodily pain, social functioning and role‐emotional): r = 0.52–0.78. Construct validity was proved by the presence of one‐factor structure that accounted for 55.9% of the variance and fitted well into the unidimensional model.Conclusion  The Chinese version of DLQI is a reliable and valid measure to assess patient‐reported impact of skin disease and could be used in QoL and health outcome studies on Chinese psoriasis patients.
Diseases of poultry and endemic birds in Galapagos: implications for the reintroduction of native species
Authors: Deem S. L. , Cruz M. B. , Higashiguchi J. M. , Parker P. G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReintroductions are increasingly utilized for the conservation of endangered avian species. To avert disease‐related failures, studies to determine disease risks should be performed prior to the implementation of any avian reintroduction program. The presence, and prevalence, of disease‐causing agents in both the source population and in birds at the site of reintroduction may help better direct reintroduction programs. In this study, we determined the prevalence of parasitic and pathogenic agents in chickens and wild birds on Floreana Island prior to the reintroduction of the critically endangered Floreana mockingbird Mimus trifasciatus. We investigated avian diseases on Floreana in 175 chickens and 274 wild birds. In addition to a number of clinical abnormalities, chickens tested positive for antibodies to paramyxovirus‐1 (30%), adenovirus (11.3%) and seven other pathogens of concern for both domestic and wild birds. Wild birds on Floreana had antibodies to paramyxovirus‐1 (3.0%) and adenovirus (2.4%). This is the first report of possible spillover of disease from domestic to wild birds in the archipelago. Based on these findings, and the lack of disease exposure documented in the source mockingbird population, we recommend improved poultry biosecurity measures on Floreana, and that mockingbirds only be reintroduced in areas on the island far from poultry and human presence and following further prerelease analyses. This study provides valuable data for the reintroduction of this iconic bird species and serves as a template for other avian reintroduction programs.
Influence of female moulting status on pairing decisions and size‐assortative mating in amphipods
Authors: Cornet S. , Luquet G. , Bollache L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrecopulatory mate guarding is a common strategy, which has evolved in species where the female receptivity (and thus egg fertilization) is predictable, but also limited to a short period. Although males are larger than females in many amphipods, the largest males pair with the largest females, leading to a positive size‐assortative pairing. Size‐assortative pairing has received much attention but how moulting physiology could affect pairing decisions has rarely been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the size‐assortative pairing in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex is closely related to the female moult cycle. We characterized moulting status by observing the new cuticle formation then tested the influence of the moulting status on pairing decision. Overall, female moult stage influences the variation and intensity of size‐assortative pairing. Whereas individuals tended to pair at random as soon as the females become receptive (early beginning of the premoult stage), size‐assortative pairing was stronger as females were closer to the moult. Thus, moulting and pairing decision could not be dissociated and moulting should be controlled for when examining the behavioural ecology of mate choice decisions in crustaceans.