bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional state talk and emotion understanding: a training study with preschool children
Authors: GRAZZANI ILARIA , ORNAGHI VERONICA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates whether training preschool children in the active use of emotional state talk plays a significant role in bringing about greater understanding of emotion terms and improved emotion comprehension. Participants were 100 preschool children (M=52 months;SD=9·9; range: 35–70 months), randomly assigned to experimental or control conditions. They were pre- and post-tested to assess their language comprehension, metacognitive language comprehension and emotion understanding. Analyses of pre-test data did not show any significant differences between experimental and control groups. During the intervention phase, the children were read stories enriched with emotional lexicon. After listening to the stories, children in the experimental group took part in conversational language games designed to stimulate use of the selected emotional terms. In contrast, the control group children did not take part in any special linguistic activities after the story readings. Analyses revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the understanding of inner state language and in the comprehension of emotion.
Post-hatching development of bovine embryos in vitro: the effects of tunnel preparation and gender
Authors: Machado Grazieli Marinheiro , Caixeta Ester Siqueira , Lucci Carolina Madeira , Rumpf Rodolfo , Franco Maurício Machaim , Dode Margot Alves Nunes 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare morphological characteristics, kinetics of development, and gene expression of male and female IVP embryos that were cultured until day (D)15 (fertilization = D0), using either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Milli-Q water (MQW) to dilute the agarose gel used for tunnel construction. On D11, embryos (n = 286) were placed in agarose gel tunnels diluted in PBS and MQW. Embryos were evaluated for morphology, and embryo size was recorded on D11, D12.5, D14 and D15. Then, embryos were sexed and used for gene expression analyses (G6PD, GLUT1, GLUT3, PGK1, PLAC8, KRT8, HSF1 and IFNT). The percentage of elongated embryos at D15 was higher (p < 0.05) in the PBS (54%) than in the MQW (42%) gel. However, embryos produced in MQW were bigger (p < 0.05) and had a lower expression of GLUT1 (p = 0.08) than those cultured in PBS. There was a higher proportion of male than female embryos at D15 in both treatments, MQW (65% vs. 35%; p < 0.05) and PBS (67% vs. 33%; p < 0.05); however, embryo size was not significantly different between genders. Moreover, D15 female embryos had greater expression of G6PD (p = 0.05) and KRT8 (p = 0.03) than male embryos. In conclusion, the diluent used for tunnel construction affected embryo development in the post-hatching development (PHD) system, and the use of MQW was the most indicative measure for the evaluation of embryo quality. Male and female embryos cultured from D11 to D15, either in an MQW or PBS agarose gel, demonstrated similar development but different gene expression.
Nutritional status is strongly correlated with grip strength and depression in community-living elderly Japanese
Authors: Kaburagi Tomoko , Hirasawa Reiko , Yoshino Haruka , Odaka Yukino , Satomi Mariko , Nakano Mana , Fujimoto Eka , Kabasawa Kazuyuki , Sato Kazuto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in assessing nutritional, physical and psychosocial functions in community-living elderly individuals.DesignA cross-sectional study of elderly individuals investigated in August 2007 and August–September 2008. Nutritional status was assessed using serum biomarkers, anthropometric measurements and the MNA. Physical function was assessed by measuring grip strength and both usual and maximum walking speeds. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to measure the individual's depressive state.SettingElder-care facilities in Tokyo, Japan.SubjectsCommunity-living elderly individuals aged ≥65 years (n 130).ResultsThe MNA evaluation classified twenty-seven (20·8 %) individuals as being at risk for malnutrition (MNA score ≤23·5); these at-risk individuals included a high proportion of the elderly aged ≥75 years. MNA scores correlated with nutritional biomarkers (total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, Hb) and anthropometric measurements (triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle area) and exhibited a strong correlation with grip strength and GDS score. Multivariate analysis revealed that grip strength, GDS score, marital status and maximum walking speed are strong predictors of MNA score.ConclusionsThe MNA is considerably useful in providing a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status in elderly, community-living Japanese. However, larger-scale epidemiological studies are needed to determine the utility and the appropriate cut-off point of the MNA as a screen for risk of malnutrition.
Inflammasome activation: from inflammatory disease to infection
Authors: Dunne Aisling 
Published: March 2011

The recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by the innate immune system is mediated by a number of receptors, including members of the TLR (Toll-like receptor), RLH [RIG (retinoic acid-inducible gene)-like helicase] and the NLR (NOD-like receptor) families. NLRs in particular are also involved in the recognition of host-derived ‘danger’-associated molecules which are produced under conditions of cellular stress or injury. Activation of these receptors leads to the assembly of high-molecular-mass complexes called inflammasomes which in turn leads to the generation of active caspase 1 and to the production of mature IL-1β (interleukin 1β). The discovery that NLRP3 (NLR-related protein 3) can recognize host-derived particulate matter such as uric acid and cholesterol crystals has led to this inflammasome being implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases, including gout, atherosclerosis and Type 2 diabetes. In addition, aberrant NLRP3 activation has also been observed in a number of heritable disorders now referred to as cryopyrinopathies. On the other hand, a number of studies have reported that recognition of both viral and bacterial products by NLRs is required for effective pathogen clearance. The present review discusses both aspects of NLR activation and will highlight the role of additional inflammasome complexes in sensing infection.
The interaction of IQGAPs with calmodulin-like proteins
Authors: Pathmanathan Sevvel , Hamilton Elaine , Atcheson Erwan , Timson David J. 
Published: March 2011

Since their identification over 15 years ago, the IQGAP (IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein) family of proteins have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell–cell adhesion, cytokinesis and apoptosis. These processes rely on protein–protein interactions, and understanding these (and how they influence one another) is critical in determining how the IQGAPs function. A key group of interactions is with calmodulin and the structurally related proteins myosin essential light chain and S100B. These interactions occur primarily through a series of IQ motifs, which are α-helical segments of the protein located towards the middle of the primary sequence. The three human IQGAP isoforms (IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3) all have four IQ motifs. However, these have different affinities for calmodulin, myosin light chain and S100B. Whereas all four IQ motifs of IQGAP1 interact with calmodulin in the presence of calcium, only the last two do so in the absence of calcium. IQ1 (the first IQ motif) interacts with the myosin essential light chain Mlc1sa and the first two undergo a calcium-dependent interaction with S100B. The significance of the interaction between Mlc1sa and IQGAP1 in mammals is unknown. However, a similar interaction involving the Saccharomyces cerevisiae IQGAP-like protein Iqg1p is involved in cytokinesis, leading to speculation that there may be a similar role in mammals.
The Angular Diameter and Fundamental Parameters of Sirius A
Authors: Davis J. , Ireland M. J. , North J. R. , Robertson J. G. , Tango W. J. , Tuthill P. G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) has been used to make a new determination of the angular diameter of Sirius A. The observations were made at an effective wavelength of 694.1 nm and the new value for the limb-darkened angular diameter is 6.048 ± 0.040 mas (± 0.66%). This new result is compared with previous measurements and is found to be in excellent agreement with a conventionally calibrated measurement made with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at 2.176 μm (but not with a second globally calibrated VLTI measurement). A weighted mean of the SUSI and first VLTI results gives the limb-darkened angular diameter of Sirius A as 6.041 ± 0.017 mas (± 0.28%). Combination with the Hipparcos parallax gives the radius equal to 1.713 ± 0.009 R⊙. The bolometric flux has been determined from published photometry and spectrophotometry and, combined with the angular diameter, yields the emergent flux at the stellar surface equal to (5.32 ± 0.14) × 108 W m−2 and the effective temperature equal to 9845 ± 64 K. The luminosity is 24.7 ± 0.7 L⊙.
Subtraction of Bright Point Sources from Synthesis Images of the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Pindor B. , Wyithe J. S. B. , Mitchell D. A. , Ord S. M. , Wayth R. B. , Greenhill L. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBright point sources associated with extragalactic active galactic nuclei and radio galaxies are an important foreground for low-frequency radio experiments aimed at detecting the redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization. The frequency dependence of the synthesized beam implies that the sidelobes of these sources will move across the field of view as a function of observing frequency, hence frustrating line-of-sight foreground subtraction techniques. We describe a method for subtracting these point sources from dirty maps produced by an instrument such as the MWA. This technique combines matched filters with an iterative centroiding scheme to locate and characterize point sources in the presence of a diffuse background. Simulations show that this technique can improve the dynamic range of epoch-of-reionization maps by 2—3 orders of magnitude.
A generalized Poincaré inequality for a class of constant coefficient differential operators
Authors: Gustafson Derek 
Published: March 2011

We study first order differential operators

P

=

P

(
D
)

\mathcal {P} = \mathcal {P}(D)

with constant coefficients. The main question is under what conditions the following full gradient

L
p

L^p

estimate holds:
\[

‖
D
(
f
−

f
0

)

‖

L
p

≤
C
‖

P

f

‖

L
p

,

for some

f
0

∈
ker
⁡

P

.

\|D(f-f_0)\|_{L^p} \leq C \|\mathcal {P} f\|_{L^p},\ \textrm {for some } f_0 \in \ker \mathcal {P}.

\]
We show that the constant rank condition is sufficient. The concept of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a matrix comes into play.
COP1-Mediated Degradation of BBX22/LZF1 Optimizes Seedling Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chang Chiung-Swey Joanne , Maloof Julin N. , Wu Shu-Hsing 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Light regulates multiple aspects of growth and development in plants. Transcriptomic changes govern the expression of signaling molecules with the perception of light. Also, the 26S proteasome regulates the accumulation of positive and negative regulators for optimal growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in the dark, light, or light/dark cycles. BBX22, whose induction is both light regulated and HY5 dependent, is a positive regulator of deetiolation in Arabidopsis. We found that during skotomorphogenesis, the expression of BBX22 needs to be tightly regulated at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. During photomorphogenesis, the expression of BBX22 transiently accumulates to execute its roles as a positive regulator. BBX22 protein accumulates to a higher level under short-day conditions and functions to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. The proteasome-dependent degradation of BBX22 protein is tightly controlled even in plants overexpressing BBX22. An analysis of BBX22 degradation kinetics shows that the protein has a short half-life under both dark and light conditions. COP1 mediates the degradation of BBX22 in the dark. Although dispensable in the dark, HY5 contributes to the degradation of BBX22 in the light. The constitutive photomorphogenic development of the cop1 mutant is enhanced in cop1BBX22ox plants, which show a short hypocotyl, high anthocyanin accumulation, and expression of light-responsive genes. Exaggerated light responsiveness is also observed in cop1BBX22ox seedlings grown under short-day conditions. Therefore, the proper accumulation of BBX22 is crucial for plants to maintain optimal growth when grown in the dark as well as to respond to seasonal changes in daylength.
Prevalence of dermatological disorders in Japan: A nationwide, cross‐sectional, seasonal, multicenter, hospital‐based study
Authors: FURUE Masutaka , YAMAZAKI Souji , JIMBOW Koichi , TSUCHIDA Tetsuya , AMAGAI Masayuki , TANAKA Toshihiro , MATSUNAGA Kayoko , MUTO Masahiko , MORITA Eishin , AKIYAMA Masashi , SOMA Yoshinao , TERUI Tadashi , MANABE Motomu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo clarify the prevalence of skin disorders among dermatology patients in Japan, a nationwide, cross‐sectional, seasonal, multicenter study was conducted in 69 university hospitals, 45 district‐based pivotal hospitals, and 56 private clinics (170 clinics in total). In each clinic, information was collected on the diagnosis, age, and gender of all outpatients and inpatients who visited the clinic on any one day of the second week in each of May, August, and November 2007 and February 2008. Among 67 448 cases, the top twenty skin disorders were, in descending order of incidence, miscellaneous eczema, atopic dermatitis, tinea pedis, urticaria/angioedema, tinea unguium, viral warts, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, hand eczema, miscellaneous benign skin tumors, alopecia areata, herpes zoster/postherpetic neuralgia, skin ulcers (nondiabetic), prurigo, epidermal cysts, vitiligo vulgaris, seborrheic keratosis, and drug eruption/toxicoderma. Atopic dermatitis, impetigo, molluscum, warts, acne, and miscellaneous eczema shared their top‐ranking position in the pediatric population, whereas the most common disorders among the geriatric population were tinea pedis, tinea unguium, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and miscellaneous eczema. For some disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria/angioedema, prurigo, insect bites, and tinea pedis, the number of patients correlated with the average high and low monthly temperatures. Males showed a greater susceptibility to some diseases (psoriasis, erythroderma, diabetic dermatoses, inter alia), whereas females were more susceptible to others (erythema nodosum, collagen diseases, livedo reticularis/racemosa, hand eczema, inter alia). In conclusion, this hospital‐based study highlights the present situation regarding dermatological patients in the early 21st century in Japan.
Factors influencing health‐related quality of life of thalassaemic Jordanian children
Authors: Gharaibeh H. F. , Gharaibeh M. K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose  To assess the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of Jordanian children with thalassaemia, identify differences in HRQoL according to socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, and identify factors influencing HRQoL of thalassaemic children in Jordan.Methods  The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and socio‐demographic and clinical data forms were used to collect data from a convenience sample of 128 thalassaemic children and 83 healthy children between the ages of 8 to 18 years. Thalassaemic children were recruited from two thalassaemia units during their blood transfusion and treatment visits. Healthy children were recruited from four public schools.Results  Thalassaemic children had significantly lower HRQoL mean scores in all dimensions compared with their healthy counterparts. The lowest mean scores for thalassaemic children were reported for the school functioning and the physical functioning domains (46.71 ± 21.14 and 54.19 ± 15.10), respectively. Regression analysis showed that disease complications and family history of thalassaemia explained 8.5% of the variance in the total HRQoL.Conclusion  This study highlights the negative impact of thalassaemia on the quality of life of children, especially in terms of physical well‐being and school achievement. Healthcare providers, counsellors and school teachers have very important roles in helping these children to overcome these problems and enhance their quality of life.
Induction of latency‐associated peptide (transforming growth factor‐β1) expression on CD4+ T cells reduces Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand‐induced tumour necrosis factor‐α production in a transforming growth factor‐β‐dependent manner
Authors: Boswell Sandra , Sharif Shayan , Alisa Akeel , Pereira Stephen P. , Williams Roger , Behboudi Shahriar 
Published: March 2011

SummaryCD4+ T cells expressing the latent form of transforming growth factor‐β [latency‐associated peptide (LAP) (TGF‐β1)] play an important role in the modulation of immune responses. Here, we identified a novel peptide ligand (GPC81–95) with an intrinsic ability to induce membrane‐bound LAP (TGF‐β1) expression on a subpopulation of human CD4+ T cells (using flow cytometry; ranging from 0·8% to 2·6%) and stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells to release LAP (TGF‐β1) (using ELISPOT assay; ranging from 0·03% to 0·16%). In spite of this low percentage of responding cells, GPC81–95 significantly reduced Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand‐induced tumour necrosis factor‐α production in a TGF‐β1‐ and CD4+ T‐cell‐dependent manner. The results demonstrate that GPC81–95 is a useful tool to study the functional properties of a subpopulation of LAP (TGF‐β1)+ CD4+ T cells and suggest a pathway that can be exploited to suppress inflammatory response.
The expression of ADAM23 and its correlation with promoter methylation in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Lv Hui , Pan Guoqing , Cao Huiqiu , Deng Zhenghao , Hu Chuanyu , Wen Jifang , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: March 2011

SummaryADAM23, a member of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family, has been reported to be expressed in several types of tumours. The exact role of ADAM23 and the possible mechanisms in which it is involved in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the expression of ADAM23 and its correlation with promoter methylation in NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR together with Western blotting methods were used to analyse the expression of ADAM23 in 52 cancer tissue samples and eight benign pulmonary lesions as well as four cell lines. The methylated status of ADAM23 gene was determined with methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of ADAM23 protein was lower in NSCLC than that in corresponding normal tissues and benign pulmonary lesions (38.5%vs. 86.5% and 87.5%, P < 0.05), and decreased as NSCLC progressed. Meanwhile, methylation of ADAM23 gene was observed in 21 of 52 NSCLC tissues (40.4%), much higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (7.6%) and benign pulmonary lesions (0/8). In the cancer tissues of ADAM23‐negative samples, the rate of ADAM23 gene methylation was 50.3% (17/32). ADAM23 expression and its promoter methylation were negatively associated (r = −0.328, P = 0.017). Moreover, weak expression of ADAM23 in methylated cancer cells increased after treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐2′‐dC), confirming that methylation was responsible for the gene downregulation. Our results demonstrate that the expression level of ADAM23 is likely to be involved in the progression of NSCLC and its downregulation is probably correlated with promoter methylation. These findings may provide potential diagnostic and prognostic information about NSCLC.
Bound water: its definition, estimation and characteristics
Authors: Caurie Matthew 
Published: March 2011

SummaryParameters of Caurie’s [International Journal of Food Science and Technology40 (2005) 283] unimolecular adsorption equation have been used to calculate total bound water to equal the square of the primary water capacity or m02 grams. Current freezing methods predict bound water up to nm0 grams which leaves a fraction of the total bound water with limited freezing properties unaccounted for. From these studies three types of bound water have been identified at room temperature along a decreasing energy gradient. It has been shown that the stability of processed and blended foods will improve with formula modifications consistent with expansion of type II bound water molecules and processed foods will be more stable the smaller the fractional ratio of type III to type II bound water molecules.
A finer screening of wheat cultivars based on comparison of the baking potential of whole‐grain flour and white flour
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , McKinnon Carole 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBetween 2007 and 2009, 160 wheat samples were harvested at four growing locations in Quebec (Eastern Canada) and evaluated individually for their performance in whole‐grain bread (all grain fractions) and white bread prepared with a long‐fermentation process (3 h). Combination of results from both baking tests allowed the most complete evaluation of the gas retention capacity of wheat samples. Compared to cultivar and crop year, growing location had a minor effect on the overall bread making potential of wheat samples. In whole‐grain bread, the four winter wheat lines had a poorer performance than the twenty‐one spring wheat cultivars. Little correlation was seen between dough mixing stability and gas retention properties. Determination of strong gluten content (dry gluten × gluten index) might be a useful screening tool for early‐generation wheat cultivars.
Effects of different filling media on the oxidation and lipid quality of canned silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Naseri Mahmood , Rezaei Masoud , moieni Sohrab , Hosseini Hedayat , Eskandari Soheyl 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe influence of four different filling media (sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine) on the oxidation and lipid quality of canned silver carp was evaluated. Hydrolytic rancidity showed that free fatty acid contents in brine and soybean oil canned muscle were higher than olive oil or sunflower oil canned samples. Conjugated diene (CD) levels in soybean oil canned samples increased but the highest CD values were found in canned silver carp using brine as filling medium. Except for olive oil canned muscle, significant increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values was obtained. The highest TBA value was observed in soybean oil canned sample. Canning led to exchange of fatty acids between the fat in the silver carp muscle and the filling media used. Results indicate that the fat composition of canned silver carp tends to be similar to that of the fat used as filling media.