bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematics lesson study in the United States
Authors: Yoshida Makoto 
Published: May 2012

PurposeTeachers in the USA have been conducting lesson study for more than ten years since it was introduced from Japan in the late 1990s. Although interest in conducting lesson study in the USA is still strong and greater numbers of teachers have become involved in this professional learning, there are significant obstacles to conducting high quality and effective lesson study that enhances teachers’ content and pedagogical knowledge, as well as improving their instruction and student learning in classrooms. Because of the needs of improvement in lesson study in the USA, so it can be administered effectively and sustained, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the current status of lesson study in the USA, what high quality and effective lesson study is, and what ideas might be help to improve lesson study in the USA.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, issues that are common barriers to conducting effective lesson study, such as: US teachers’ misunderstanding or lack of understanding of lesson study; teachers’ insufficient knowledge of content, pedagogical content, curriculum knowledge; lack of support from administrators for lesson study; non‐systematic approach to implement lesson study; and having short‐sighted vision to conduct lesson study will be discussed. The discussions are based on the author's 12 years of experience working with teachers, schools, and school districts in the USA, interactions and information exchanges with other lesson study educators and researchers and professional development coordinators in schools and districts in the USA, and existing research documents in the USA. Through this discussion, the author attempts to provide suggestions for improving lesson study in the USA.FindingsIn order for lesson study to be successful, teachers need to think of lesson study as a way to improve their own learning as well as student learning. Spending more time studying mathematical content and curriculum, developing a strong pedagogical content knowledge with colleagues, and establishing a professional community of learning through lesson study will help it to be effective for improving classroom teaching and learning.Originality/valueThe paper provides some helpful suggestions for improving quality and effectiveness of lesson study in order to improve: classroom teaching – teacher's content, pedagogical content and curriculum knowledge; and student learning. The paper is particularly valuable for lesson study practitioners, and administrators and staff developers who are implementing lesson study in schools.
Effects of contrasting omnivorous fish on submerged macrophyte biomass in temperate lakes: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: DORENBOSCH MARTIJN , BAKKER ELISABETH S. 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Freshwater fish can affect aquatic vegetation directly by consuming macrophytes or indirectly by changing water quality. However, most fish in the temperate climate zone have an omnivorous diet. The impact of fish as aquatic herbivores in temperate climates therefore remains unclear and depends on their dietary flexibility.2. We tested the effects of a flexible omnivore and an herbivore on aquatic vegetation by comparing the effects of rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus, the most herbivorous fish in temperate climates) with grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in a mesocosm pond study. Exclosures distinguished herbivorous effects of fish on submerged macrophytes from indirect effects through changes in water quality, whereas stable isotope food‐web analysis provided information on fish diets.3. We hypothesised that rudd, with its flexible diet and preference for animal food items, would only indirectly affect macrophytes, whereas grass carp, with its inflexible herbivorous diet, would directly affect macrophyte biomass.4. Only grass carp significantly reduced macrophyte biomass through consumption. Rudd had no effect. Food‐web analysis indicated that rudd predominantly consumed animal prey, whereas grass carp included more plants in their diet, although they also consumed animal prey. Grass carp significantly affected water quality, resulting in lowered pH and increased N‐NH4 concentrations, whereas more periphyton growth was observed in the presence of rudd. However, the indirect non‐herbivorous effects of both fish species had no effect on macrophyte biomass.5. Both fish species should be considered as omnivores. Despite the fact that rudd is the most herbivorous fish in the western European climate zone, its effect on submerged macrophyte biomass is not substantial at natural densities and current temperatures.
Genome‐wide binding‐site analysis of REVOLUTA reveals a link between leaf patterning and light‐mediated growth responses
Authors: Brandt Ronny , Salla‐Martret Mercè , Bou‐Torrent Jordi , Musielak Thomas , Stahl Mark , Lanz Christa , Ott Felix , Schmid Markus , Greb Thomas , Schwarz Martina , Choi Sang‐Bong , Barton M. Kathryn , Reinhart Brenda J. , Liu Tie , Quint Marcel , Palauqui Jean‐Christophe , Martínez‐García Jaime F , Wenkel Stephan 
Published: May 2012

SummaryUnlike the situation in animals, the final morphology of the plant body is highly modulated by the environment. During Arabidopsis development, intrinsic factors provide the framework for basic patterning processes. CLASS III HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD‐ZIPIII) transcription factors are involved in embryo, shoot and root patterning. During vegetative growth HD‐ZIPIII proteins control several polarity set‐up processes such as in leaves and the vascular system. We have identified several direct target genes of the HD‐ZIPIII transcription factor REVOLUTA (REV) using a chromatin immunoprecipitation/DNA sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) approach. This analysis revealed that REV acts upstream of auxin biosynthesis and affects directly the expression of several class II HD‐ZIP transcription factors that have been shown to act in the shade‐avoidance response pathway. We show that, as well as involvement in basic patterning, HD‐ZIPIII transcription factors have a critical role in the control of the elongation growth that is induced when plants experience shade. Leaf polarity is established by the opposed actions of HD‐ZIPIII and KANADI transcription factors. Finally, our study reveals that the module that consists of HD‐ZIPIII/KANADI transcription factors controls shade growth antagonistically and that this antagonism is manifested in the opposed regulation of shared target genes.
The Role of Dialectical Self and Bicultural Identity Integration in Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Chen Sylvia Xiaohua , Benet‐Martínez Verónica , Wu Wesley C. H. , Lam Ben C. P. , Bond Michael Harris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe applied the concept of naïve dialecticism (Peng & Nisbett,), which characterizesEastAsians’ greater tendency to encompass contradictory, ever‐changing, and interrelated features of an entity, to bicultural contexts and examined its effects on psychological well‐being across various acculturating groups.MethodWe administered questionnaire measures of the dialectical self, bicultural identity integration (BII;Benet‐Martínez &Haritatos, 2005), and well‐being toHongKongChinese (N = 213) in Study 1 andMainlandChinese (N = 239) in Study 2. In Study 3, a 4‐week longitudinal study was conducted amongHongKongChinese (N = 173) to test the relationships of these variables over time. We then extended similar measures to new immigrants fromMainlandChina (N = 67) in Study 4 andFilipino domestic workers inHongKong (N = 153) in Study 5.ResultsFive studies converged to show that psychological adjustment was positively related toBII, but negatively related to the dialectical self. In Studies 1–3, dialecticism mediated the effect ofBIIon psychological adjustment amongHongKong andMainlandChinese bicultural individuals.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the deleterious effects of tolerance for contradiction on well‐being and differentiate biculturalism patterns of immigration‐based and globalization‐based acculturation.
Self‐Other Knowledge Asymmetries in Personality Pathology
Authors: Carlson Erika N. , Vazire Simine , Oltmanns Thomas F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐reports of personality provide valid information about personality disorders (PDs). However, informant reports provide information about PDs that self‐reports alone do not provide. The current article examines whether and when one perspective is more valid than the other in identifying PDs.MethodUsing a representative sample of adults 55 to 65 years of age (N = 991; 45% males), we compared the validity of self‐ and informant (e.g., spouse, family, or friend) reports of the Five‐Factor Model traits in predicting PD scores (i.e., composite of interviewer, self‐, and informant reports of PDs).ResultsSelf‐reports (particularly of Neuroticism) were more valid than informant reports for most internalizing PDs (i.e., PDs defined by high Neuroticism). Informant reports (particularly of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) were more valid than self‐reports for externalizing and/or antagonistic PDs (i.e., PDs defined by low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). Neither report was consistently more valid for thought disorder PDs (i.e., PDs defined by low Extraversion). However, informant reports (particularly of Agreeableness) were more valid than self‐reports for PDs that were both internalizing and externalizing (i.e., PDs defined by high Neuroticism and low Agreeableness).ConclusionsThe intrapersonal and interpersonal manifestations of PDs differ, and these differences influence who knows more about pathology.
Disentangling respiratory acclimation and adaptation to growth temperature by Eucalyptus
Authors: Kruse Jörg , Turnbull Tarryn L. , Adams Mark A. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Respiratory acclimation to growth temperature differs between species, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that respiratory acclimation of CO2 release is a consequence of growth regulation such that growth rates of young foliage of Eucalyptus spp. are similar at contrasting growth temperatures. Further, we tested whether such a response is affected by adaptation of Eucalyptus to different thermal environments via growth at different altitudes in the Australian Alps.
We employed calorimetric methods to relate rates of CO2 release (mainly from substrate oxidation) and rates of O2 reduction to conservation of energy. Temperature responses of these processes provided insight into mechanisms that control energy conservation and expenditure, and helped define ‘instantaneous enthalpic growth capacity’ (CapG).
CapG increased with altitude, but was counteracted by other factors in species adapted to highland habitats. The acclimation response was partly driven by changes in respiratory capacity (), and partly by more pronounced dynamic responses of CO2 release to measurement temperature. We observed enhanced temperature sensitivity of O2 reduction at higher altitudes.
Adaptation to growth temperature included differences in respiration and growth capacities, but there was little evidence that Eucalyptus species vary in metabolic flexibility.
Preserved Capillary Density of Dorsal Finger Skin in Treated Hypertensive Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: AELLEN JEROME , DABIRI AMIN , HEIM ABIGAEL , LIAUDET LUCAS , BURNIER MICHEL , RUIZ JUAN , FEIHL FRANÇOIS , WAEBER BERNARD 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Aellen J, Dabiri A, Heim A, Liaudet L, Burnier M, Ruiz J, Feihl F, Waeber B. Preserved capillary density of dorsal finger skin in treated hypertensive patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Microcirculation 19: 554–562, 2012.AbstractObjectives:  Capillary rarefaction is a hallmark of untreated hypertension. Recent data indicate that rarefaction may be reversed by antihypertensive treatment in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. Despite the frequent association of diabetes with hypertension, nothing is known on the capillary density of treated diabetic patients with hypertension.Methods:  We enrolled 21 normotensive healthy, 25 hypertensive only, and 21 diabetic (type 2) hypertensive subjects. All hypertensive patients were treated with a blocker of the renin‐angiotensin system, and a majority had a home blood pressure ≤135/85 mmHg. Capillary density was assessed with videomicroscopy on dorsal finger skin and with laser Doppler imaging on forearm skin (maximal vasodilation elicited by local heating).Results:  There was no difference between any of the study groups in either dorsal finger skin capillary density (controls 101 ± 11 capillaries/mm2, nondiabetic hypertensive 99 ± 16, diabetic hypertensive 96 ± 18, p > 0.5) or maximal blood flow in forearm skin (controls 666 ± 114 perfusion units, nondiabetic hypertensive 612 ± 126, diabetic hypertensive 620 ± 103, p > 0.5).Conclusions:  Irrespective of the presence or not of type 2 diabetes, capillary density is normal in hypertensive patients with reasonable control of blood pressure achieved with a blocker of the renin‐angiotensin system.
‘English leaflets are not meant for me’: a qualitative approach to explore oral health literacy in Chinese mothers in Southwestern Sydney, Australia
Authors: Arora Amit , Liu Mandy NM. , Chan Rainbow , Schwarz Eli 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to record the views of Chinese mothers living in southwestern Sydney on the value of commonly used dental health education materials that gave behavioural advice on looking after the oral health of young children.MethodsThis qualitative study was nested within a large cohort study in south‐western Sydney. Chinese‐speaking mothers (n = 27) with young children were approached for a face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interview at their home. Two dental leaflets in English that gave behavioural advice on monitoring young children's oral health were sent to each mother prior to interview. On the day of the interview, mothers were also given translated versions of the leaflets for comparison. Interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed by thematic coding.ResultsMothers reported that the leaflets were not tailored to match the different levels of English literacy within the Chinese community, and participants favoured health information material written in their first language with the use of illustrations. However, translations had to take account of the Chinese culture, as some of the advice in the leaflets presented did not reflect Chinese family values. Mothers also felt that the information should be more specific to provide a better understanding of the rationale for changing or implementing a different behaviour.ConclusionsDental health information literature for Chinese people should not be translated directly from those intended for an English‐speaking audience, but should reflect Chinese culture–specific advice such as examples of the type and amount of foods to be given during early years of life. Supportive illustrations were also preferred.
Skin exposure to epoxy in the pipe relining trade–an observational study
Authors: Fillenham George , Lidén Carola , Anveden Berglind Ingegärd 
Published: May 2012

Background. Epoxy resin systems (ERSs) are frequent causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Epoxy pipe relining has become a widely used alternative to replacing old and worn drain pipes in housing, and involves a high risk of skin exposure to ERSs.Objectives. To map out work methods, protective measures and skin and surface contamination among workers involved in epoxy pipe relining, as a basis for prevention of occupational skin disease.Methods. Twenty‐one employees in eight relining companies in Stockholm County were observed. Contact and contamination with ERSs and the use of personal protective equipment during relining work were noted.Results. Contamination by uncured ERSs on gloves, personal and shared tools and work areas was identified during mixing, wetting, installation, and cleaning. The gloves used were often inadequate for handling ERSs.Conclusions. Relining pipes poses an extensive risk of uncured ERS exposure, and contamination was identified during the whole work process. Shared and personal tools and work areas were extensively contaminated. Changes in work routines and logistics for handling ERSs are essential, and knowledge among both employers and employees regarding the risks caused by ERS exposure is vital to create a safe work environment and prevent contact allergies.
Toll‐like receptor 7 agonist, Imiquimod, inhibits oral squamous carcinoma cells through apoptosis and necrosis
Authors: Ahn Mee‐Young , Kwon Seong‐Min , Cheong Hak Hyun , Park Jong‐Hwan , Lee Jun , Min Seung‐Ki , Ahn Sang‐Gun , Yoon Jung‐Hoon 
Published: May 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 540–546Background:  Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists have anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis or activating immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether imiquimod, TLR7 agonist, inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells.Methods:  Toll‐like receptor 7 expression and IL‐6/8 production by imiquimod were examined using RT‐PCR and Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. To examine apoptotic cell death, Annexin V/PI staining for flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were performed. Necrotic cell death was determined by leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HMGB1, and PI staining in imiquimod‐treated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.Results:  Toll‐like receptor7 mRNA was expressed in OSCC cells. Imiquimod induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 production in OSCC cells, suggesting the functional expression of TLR7. Imiquimod inhibited cells proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. The ratio of annexin V‐positive cells and cleaved caspase‐3/7 was increased by imiquimod treatment in OSCC cells, suggesting that imiquimod‐induced cell death in OSCC cells may be owing to apoptosis. In addition, LDH secretion and PI staining were detected in OSCC cells treated with imiquimod, showing that imiquimod also induced necrotic cell death in the OSCC cells.Conclusions:  Imiquimod inhibited effectively the growth of OSCC cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis.
MAML2 rearrangement in Warthin’s tumour: a fluorescent in situ hybridisation study of metaplastic variants
Authors: Rotellini Matteo , Paglierani Milena , Pepi Monica , Franchi Alessandro 
Published: May 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 615–620Background:  Warthin’s tumour (WT) is a common benign lesion of the major salivary glands. The nature of WT remains controversial, with particular regard to the presence of clonal chromosomal abnormalities, including the t(11;19) translocation involving the CRTC1 and MAML2 genes, that have been identified in both WT and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In this study, we focused our attention on metaplastic WT variants, and we conducted a fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis for the presence of MAML2 gene rearrangement.Methods:  Dual‐colour FISH analysis was performed on paraffin‐embedded sections of eight WTs showing metaplastic changes (five with squamous metaplasia, two with mucinous metaplasia and one with both) using a MAML2 break‐apart probe.Results:  Presence of split signals indicative of gene rearrangement was identified in a subset of cells in areas of squamous metaplasia in two samples of WT. No rearrangement was observed in the oncocytic epithelium, in lymphocytes and in areas of mucinous metaplasia.Conclusions:  The presence of a small subpopulation of cells carrying MAML2 rearrangement in areas of squamous metaplasia within WT could predispose these lesions to malignant transformation in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and could represent a molecular link between the two entities.
Contesting Water Rights: Collective Ownership and Struggles against Privatization
Authors: Subramaniam Mangala , Williford Beth 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe post‐1980s have seen increasing struggles over rights to water. Water rights have involved intense protests and campaigns against privatization of water including bottling of water and advocacy for citizens control of water. We review scholarly work to focus on four main aspects: the complexities intertwining globalization processes, the state, and water rights; collective ownership of water resources; peoples’ participating in managing and using water; and the campaigns against privatization which have emerged in both the developing and developed world in different ways. The conclusion calls for adopting a social movement lens to examine the struggles for water rights by providing some lead research questions around the macro and micro level theoretical approaches.
Copresence in Virtual Environments
Authors: Campos‐Castillo Celeste 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCopresence, the sense of “being together” with others, is at the center of theories about social interaction. It is an intra‐individual sense that stems from and shapes the social context. Recent research on copresence in virtual environments (VEs), synthetic simulations of existing experiences (e.g., desktop computer environments, “virtual reality”), demonstrates the variability in which people experience copresence with others who are not sharing in the same time or space. At the same time, experimental researchers in sociology are using VEs as a methodological tool, yet remain unaware about the ramifications of varying levels of copresence for the social processes under investigation. The goal of this review is to introduce sociologists to the research on copresence, specifically highlighting findings and gaps important for those who use VEs in their research practice. An understanding of how copresence occurs in VEs can improve how well sociologists design experiments to advance theories about interpersonal behavior.
Genomic characterisation of acral melanoma cell lines
Authors: Furney Simon J. , Turajlic Samra , Fenwick Kerry , Lambros Maryou B. , MacKay Alan , Ricken Gerda , Mitsopoulos Costas , Kozarewa Iwanka , Hakas Jarle , Zvelebil Marketa , Lord Christopher J. , Ashworth Alan , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. , Herlyn Meenhard , Murata Hiroshi , Marais Richard 
Published: May 2012

SummaryAcral melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype with distinct epidemiological, clinical and genetic features. To determine if acral melanoma cell lines are representative of this melanoma subtype, six lines were analysed by whole‐exome sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridisation. We demonstrate that the cell lines display a mutation rate that is comparable to that of published primary and metastatic acral melanomas and observe a mutational signature suggestive of UV‐induced mutagenesis in two of the cell lines. Mutations were identified in oncogenes and tumour suppressors previously linked to melanoma including BRAF, NRAS, KIT, PTEN and TP53, in cancer genes not previously linked to melanoma and in genes linked to DNA repair such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Our findings provide strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that acral melanoma cell lines and acral tumours share genetic features in common and that these cells are therefore valuable tools to investigate the biology of this aggressive melanoma subtype. Data are available at: http://rock.icr.ac.uk/collaborations/Furney_et_al_2012/.