bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food environment and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pineda Elisa , Stockton Jemima , Scholes Shaun , Lassale Camille , Mindell Jennifer S 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundObesity is influenced by a complex, multifaceted system of determinants, including the food environment. Governments need evidence to act on improving the food environment. The aim of this study was to review the evidence from spatial environmental analyses and to conduct the first series of meta-analyses to assess the impact of the retail food environment on obesity.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses, focusing on geographical–statistical methods to assess the associations between food outlet availability and obesity. We searched OvidSP-Medline, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar databases up to January 2022. The search terms included spatial analysis, obesity and the retail food environment. Effect sizes were pooled by random-effects meta-analyses separately according to food outlet type and geographical and statistical measures.FindingsOf the 4118 retrieved papers, we included 103 studies. Density (n=52, 50%) and linear and logistic regressions (n=68, 66%) were the main measures used to assess the association of the food environment with obesity. Multilevel or autocorrelation analyses were used in 35 (34%) studies. Fast-food outlet proximity was positively and significantly associated with obesity (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.30, p=0.02). Fresh fruit and vegetable outlet density and supermarket proximity were inversely associated with obesity (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.96, p<0.001; OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.98, p=0.02). No significant associations were found for restaurants, convenience stores or any of the body mass index measures.ConclusionsFood outlets which sell mostly unhealthy and ultra-processed foods were associated with higher levels of obesity, while fruit and vegetable availability and supermarket accessibility, which enable healthier food access, were related to lower levels of obesity. The regulation of food outlets through zoning laws may not be enough to tackle the burden of obesity. Regulations that focus on increasing the availability of healthy food within stores and ensure overall healthy food environments require further attention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018111652.
Rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Leavy Olivia C , Kawano-Dourado Leticia , Stewart Iain D , Quint Jennifer K , Solomon Joshua J , Borie Raphael , Crestani Bruno , Wain Louise V , Jenkins Gisli , Dieudé Philippe , Minelli Cosetta 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung injury is a key feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is also observed in up to 40% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). The RA-UIP phenotype could result from either a causal relationship of RA on UIP or vice versa, or from a simple co-occurrence of RA and IPF due to shared demographic, genetic or environmental risk factors.MethodsWe used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) to test the hypothesis of a causal effect of RA on UIP and of UIP on RA, using variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RA (separately for seropositive (18 019 cases and 991 604 controls) and seronegative (8515 cases and 1 015 471 controls) RA) and of IPF (4125 cases and 20 464 controls) as genetic instruments. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results to violations of the MR assumptions.FindingsIPF showed a significant causal effect on seropositive RA, with developing IPF increasing the risk of seropositive RA (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.08, p<0.001) which was robust under all models. For the MR in the other direction, seropositive RA showed a significant protective effect on IPF (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99; p=0.032), but the effect was not significant when sensitivity analyses were applied. This was likely because of bias due to exclusion of patients with RA from among the cases in the IPF GWAS, or possibly because our genetic instruments did not fully capture the effect of the complex human leucocyte antigen region, the strongest RA genetic risk factor.InterpretationOur findings support the hypothesis that RA-UIP may be due to a cause–effect relationship between UIP and RA, rather than due to a coincidental occurrence of IPF in patients with RA. The significant causal effect of IPF on seropositive RA suggests that pathomechanisms involved in the development of UIP may promote RA, and this may help inform future guidelines on screening for ILD in patients with RA.
Bubble universe from flat spaces
Authors: Guendelman Eduardo , Portnoy Jacov 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show by matching two flat spaces one in Minkowski coordinates ( empty space) and the other in Minkowski coordinates after a special conformal transformation (also empty space) through a bubble with positive and constant surface tension, that the motion of the bubble is hyperbolic. If the surface tension is very big the initial size of the bubble is as small as we wish, so that we can indeed obtain an infinite universe out of empty spaces. The induced space in the bubble is de Sitter type.
Quantum Brownian motion induced by a scalar field in Einstein’s universe
Authors: J. B. Ferreira E. , Santana Mota H. F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Brownian motion of a point particle induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations of a massless real scalar field in Einstein’s universe is studied. By assuming the small displacement condition, the dispersion in the momentum and position of a point particle coupled to the massless scalar field are obtained. As a consequence of the homogeneity and isotropy properties of the Einstein’s Universe, we find that all components of these physical observables are identical. We also examine divergent behaviors associated with the physical momentum and position dispersions, which we attribute to the IR$$^{1}\times $$

1

×

S$$^{3}$$

3

compact topology of Einstein’s universe. Finally, based on the small displacement condition assumed, we analyze the limit of validity of our investigation.
Study on the accidental background of the JSNS$$^2$$ experiment
Authors: Lee D. H. , Ajimura S. , Cheoun M. K. , Choi J. H. , Choi J. Y. , Dodo T. , Goh J. , Haga K. , Harada M. , Hasegawa S. , Hiraiwa T. , Hwang W. , Jang H. I. , Jang J. S. , Jeon H. , Jeon S. , Joo K. K. , Jung D. E. , Kang S. K. , Kasugai Y. , Kawasaki T. , Kim E. J. , Kim J. Y. , Kim S. B. , Kim W. , Kinoshita H. , Konno T. , Lim I. T. , Little C. , Marzec E. , Maruyama T. , Masuda S. , Meigo S. , Monjushiro S. , Moon D. H. , Nakano T. , Niiyama M. , Nishikawa K. , Pac M. Y. , Park H. W. , Park J. S. , Park R. G. , Peeters S. J. M. , Rott C. , Sakai K. , Sakamoto S. , Shima T. , Shin C. D. , Spitz J. , Suekane F. , Sugaya Y. , Suzuya K. , Taira M. , Yamaguchi Y. , Yeh M. , Yeo I. S. , Yoo C. , Yu I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractJSNS$$^2$$

2

(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that searches for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $$\bar{\nu }_{\mu } \rightarrow \bar{\nu }_{e}$$

ν

¯

μ

→

ν

¯

e

appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. The JSNS$$^2$$

2

experiment performed data taking from 2021. In this manuscript, a study of the accidental background is presented. The rate of the accidental background is ($$9.29\pm 0.39) \times 10^{-8}$$

9.29
±
0.39
)
×

10

-
8

/spill with 0.75 MW beam power and comparable to the expected number of signal events.
Relativistic BGK hydrodynamics
Authors: Singha Pracheta , Bhadury Samapan , Mukherjee Arghya , Jaiswal Amaresh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) collision kernel is employed in the Boltzmann equation to formulate relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics. In this formulation, we find that there remains freedom of choosing a matching condition that affects the scalar transport in the system. We also propose a new collision kernel which, unlike BGK collision kernel, is valid in the limit of zero chemical potential and derive relativistic first-order dissipative hydrodynamics using it. We study the effects of this new formulation on the coefficient of bulk viscosity.
ARISE I Consensus Review on the Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Hanel Ricardo , Mocco J , Ali-Aziz Sultan M. , Froehler Michael , Lieber Barry B. , Coon Alexander , Tateshima Satoshi , Altschul David J. , Narayanan Sandra , El Naamani Kareem , Taussky Phil , Hoh Brian L. , Meyers Philip , Gounis Matthew J. , Liebeskind David S. , Volovici Victor , Toth Gabor , Arthur Adam , Wakhloo Ajay K. ,   for the ARISE I Consortium
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain a challenging neurological diagnosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a plethora of microsurgical and endovascular techniques for the treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. There is no definitive consensus as to the best treatment option for this cerebrovascular pathology. The Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation, and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts discussed best practices and the most promising approaches to improve the management of brain aneurysms.

METHODS:
A group of experts from academia, industry, and federal regulators convened to discuss updated clinical trials, scientific research on preclinical system models, management options, screening and monitoring, and promising novel device technologies, aiming to improve the outcomes of patients with IA.

RESULTS:
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation, and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts suggested the incorporation of artificial intelligence to capture sequential aneurysm growth, identify predictors of rupture, and predict the risk of rupture to guide treatment options. The consensus strongly recommended nationwide systemic data collection of unruptured IA radiographic images for the analysis and development of machine learning algorithms for rupture risk. The consensus supported centers of excellence for preclinical multicenter trials in areas such as genetics, cellular composition, and radiogenomics. Optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging contrast–enhanced 3T vessel wall imaging are promising technologies; however, more data are needed to define their role in IA management. Ruptured aneurysms are best managed at large volume centers, which should include comprehensive patient management with expertise in microsurgery, endovascular surgery, neurology, and neurocritical care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinical and preclinical studies and scientific research on IA should engage high-volume centers and be conducted in multicenter collaborative efforts. The future of IA diagnosis and monitoring could be enhanced by the incorporation of artificial intelligence and national radiographic and biologic registries. A collaborative effort between academic centers, government regulators, and the device industry is paramount for the adequate management of IA and the advancement of the field.
Cycle and Citation: What Hanne Darboven Calls Thinking
Authors: Stewart William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the significance of cyclical forms in the art of Hanne Darboven by reexamining the place of Constructivism and capitalism in her work. It tracks the lasting importance of El Lissitzky for her understanding of the relation between art and mathematics, revealing how Darboven borrowed from Lissitzky a particular interest in oscillatory dynamics. Further, it establishes the influence on Darboven's artistic practice of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, particularly his method of note-taking—derived from accountants' ledgers—called sudeln. While sudeln works exhibit the oscillatory dynamics described by Lissitzky, they also offers a language for the vast array of citations that Darboven inscribed in her art. The concept of sudeln thus provides a framework for understanding the self-organizing and autopoietic operations that underwrite the paper machines of Darboven's practice. The article concludes by locating this same cyclical, oscillatory form in the most fundamental and abstract of Darboven's gestures, the wavy script that she called Schriftschwünge. In doing so, the article discovers an unexpected emergence of the biographical in Darboven's artworks, notebooks, and letters, in contrast to the anonymous and depersonalized aesthetic with which she is often associated.
Anthony Vidler in Reverse
Authors: Wigley Mark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This essay in memory of Anthony Vidler explores the ways in which his obsessive mode of thinking and writing was primarily historiographic and ultimately autobiographical as it reversed itself towards the future. Vidler was not a historian who wrote but a writer who over time produced the effect of being a historian. He was a scholar in reverse, a trained architect and insightful architectural critic fixated on the ongoing legacy, from Plato to the latest digital zealots, of utopian dreams of an idealized architecture that would incubate an equitable society and the dystopian effects of the always unsuccessful attempts to realize those dreams. Vidler portrayed architecture and the social life it supposedly serves as permanently suspended between utopia and dystopia. Colin Rowe, his first tutor at Cambridge University in 1960, triggered this life-long obsession by pointing to Emil Kaufmann's writing about the precocious modernity of enlightenment architects, especially the ideal city imagined in the late 18th century by Claude-Nicolaus Ledoux, symptomatically the only architect referred to by the utopian socialist Charles Fourier. Vidler never let go of Ledoux, continuously reshaping him and an endless chain of architects from the 20th and 21st centuries, starting with Tony Garnier and Le Corbusier. Kaufmann and Rowe haunt all the work, as does Walter Benjamin, whose inversion of history likewise turned on the relationship between Fourier's philosophy and a specific architectural typology.
Anthony Vidler's IAS Mystery
Authors: Vidler Anthony 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The honking of the geese going south was beginning to get on his nerves. How to work with that going on. And the library was getting colder. The day had been grey, the soil damp, the air raw and feeling like snow. It might snow tonight. Not a long walk home though—and the apartment was at least warm. If it wasn't for the people upstairs, creaking, stamping (or that's what it sounded like), and shouting—but maybe just talking given the thin walls. Maybe they were using Skype—his own had long since ceased to connect. Needs a new password, or better, someone to call. He had felt the walls this morning—damp and a little soft— old plasterboard, wooden panels slightly buckled from heat and damp in that order. How could they let the housing get so run-down? But that was how monasteries worked, and this, all said and done, was a sort of monastery. Without the religion of course. But religion was there all right—under the radar, couched in academic formulae, a kind of ersatz nonbelief in belief. He had heard it at lunch—the endless parroting of rehashed research, of half-baked theories, of platitudes about how good the food was, or how much better the food was yesterday, or how interesting the mixed cold vegetarian salad was, or that you couldn't count on anything these days, or you are new here aren't you? Kindly inquiries, sensitive overtures, only half-listening to the replies.
Don’t Let the Sun Rise on Small Bowel Obstruction Without Surgical Consultation—Redefining Nonoperative Management Pathways
Authors: Bhatti Umar F. , Shen Aricia S. , Melo Nicolas , Barmparas Galinos , Wang Andrew S. , Margulies Daniel R. , Alban Rodrigo F. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of hospital admission leading to resource utilization. The majority of these patients require non-operative management (NOM) which can lead to increased length of stay (LOS), readmissions, resource utilization, and throughput delays. Early surgical consultation (SC) for SBO may improve efficiency and outcomes. Methods: We implemented an institution-wide intervention (INT) to encourage early SC (<1 day of diagnosis) for SBO patients in July 2022. A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SBO requiring NOM from January 2021 to June 2023, categorized into pre- and post-INT groups. The primary outcome was the number of SC’s and secondary outcomes were early SC (<1 day of diagnosis), utilization of SBFT, LOS, 30-day readmission, and costs of admission. Results: A total of 670 patients were included, 438 in the pre-INT and 232 in the post-INT group. Overall, SBFT utilization was significantly higher in cases with SC (17.2% vs 41.4%, P < .001). Post-INT patients were more likely to receive SC (94.0% vs 83.3%, P < .001) and increased SBFT utilization (47.0% vs 33.6%, P = .001). Additionally, early SC improved significantly in the post-INT group (74.3% vs 65.7%, P = .03). There was no difference in LOS between groups (4.0 vs 3.8 days, P = .48). There was a trend toward decreased readmission rates in the INT group at 30 days (7.3% vs 11.0%, P = .13) and reduced direct costs in the INT group (US$/admission = 8467 vs 8708, P = .1). Conclusion: Hospital-wide interventions to increase early surgical involvement proved effective by improving early SC, increased SBFT utilization, and showed a trend towards decreased readmission rates and direct costs.
Evaluation of Implicit Bias Training in Continuing Medical and Nursing Education to Address Racial Bias in Maternity Health Care Settings
Authors: Mishkin Kathryn , Flax Chasmine 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Implicit bias can affect clinical decisions that influence the care received by patients whose ancestors had been subjected to unfair medical and social practices. However, literature describing the effects of implicit bias training as part of continuing medical and nursing education is scarce. We conducted a longitudinal evaluation of a training for maternal health care clinical and nonclinical staff. Methods: A total of 80 staff members at 2 clinical sites in Cleveland, Ohio, participated in the training and evaluation in 2020 and 2021. We used a mixed-methods evaluation to capture changes in knowledge, awareness of bias, and application of strategies to reduce biased behavior by conducting pre- and posttraining surveys immediately after training and interviews at 3 and 6 months posttraining. We conducted univariate and bivariate analyses of the surveys and recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews for themes. Results: Using a threshold of answering 3 of 5 knowledge questions correctly, 50 of 80 (62.5%) trainees who engaged in the evaluation passed the pretraining knowledge questions and 67 (83.8%) passed the posttraining knowledge questions. Of the 80 participants, 75 (93.8%) were women. Interviewees (n = 11) said that low staff-to-patient ratios, lack of racial and ethnic diversity in leadership, inadequate training on implicit bias, and lack of institutional consequences for poor behavior exacerbated bias in maternity care. Interviewees reported having heightened awareness of bias and feeling more empowered after the training to advocate for themselves and patients to prevent and mitigate bias in the hospital. Conclusion: Additional study describing the effect of implicit bias training as part of continuing medical education should be conducted, and administrative and management changes should also be made to prevent bias and improve quality of care.
Influence of GABAA and GABAB receptor activation on auditory sensory gating and its association with anxiety in healthy volunteers
Authors: de la Salle Sara , Piche Justin , Duncan Brittany , Choueiry Joëlle , Hyde Molly , Aidelbaum Robert , Baddeley Ashley , Impey Danielle , Rahmani Noreen , Ilivitsky Vadim , Knott Verner 
Published: April 2024

Background: Dysfunctional sensory gating in anxiety disorders, indexed by the failure to inhibit the P50 event-related potential (ERP) to repeated stimuli, has been linked to deficits in the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Aims/Methods: This study, conducted in 30 healthy volunteers, examined the acute effects of GABAA (lorazepam: 1 mg) and GABAB receptor (baclofen: 10 mg) agonists on P50 measures of auditory sensory gating within a paired-stimulus (S1-S2) paradigm and assessed changes in gating in relation to self-ratings of anxiety. Results: Compared to placebo, lorazepam reduced ERP indices of sensory gating by attenuating response to S1. Although not directly impacting P50 inhibition, baclofen-induced changes in gating (relative to placebo) were negatively correlated with trait but not state anxiety. Conclusions: These preliminary findings support the involvement of GABA in sensory gating and tentatively suggest a role for GABAB receptor signaling in anxiety-associated gating dysregulation.
Clinicopathological role of Cyclin A2 in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: Integration of tissue microarrays and ScRNA-Seq
Authors: Mo Wei-Jia , Liang Zi-Qian , Huang Jie-Zhuang , Huang Zhi-Guang , Zhi Zhi-Fu , Chen Jun-Hong , Chen Gang , Zeng Jing-Jing , Feng Zhen-Bo 
Published: April 2024

Background The comprehensive expression level and potential molecular role of Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) remains undiscovered. Methods UCEC and normal endometrium tissues from in-house and public databases were collected for investigating protein and messenger RNA expression of CCNA2. The transcription factors of CCNA2 were identified by the Cistrome database. The prognostic significance of CCNA2 in UCEC was evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression as well as Kaplan–Meier curve analysis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to explore cell types in UCEC, and the AUCell algorithm was used to investigate the activity of CCNA2 in different cell types. Results A total of 32 in-house UCEC and 30 normal endometrial tissues as well as 720 UCEC and 165 control samples from public databases were eligible and collected. Integrated calculation showed that the CCNA2 expression was up-regulated in the UCEC tissues (SMD = 2.43, 95% confidence interval 2.23∼2.64). E2F1 and FOXM1 were identified as transcription factors due to the presence of binding peaks on transcription site of CCNA2. CCNA2 predicted worse prognosis in UCEC. However, CCNA2 was not an independent prognostic factor in UCEC. The scRNA-seq analysis disclosed five cell types: B cells, T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and epithelial cells in UCEC. The expression of CCNA2 was mainly located in B cells and T cells. Moreover, CCNA2 was active in T cells and B cells using the AUCell algorithm. Conclusion CCNA2 was up-regulated and mainly located in T cells and B cells in UCEC. Overexpression of CCNA2 predicted unfavorable prognosis of UCEC.