bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws: A Short Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Mohan Sugandha , Singh Virender , Mathur SK , Kundu Parveen Rana 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) accounts for less than 7% of all lesions of the jaw. It occurs more commonly in the anterior mandible compared to the maxilla. Females have 2 to 3 times higher incidence. Children and young adults are affected the most.

Materials and methods
The present series reviews 10 cases of CGCG suspected on clinical and radiologic basis and confirmed by histopathologic examination.

Results
The age of 10 cases ranged from 7 to 32 years (mean age 19.8); there were six females and four males; six had lesion in the lower jaw and the remaining four in the upper jaw. After radiologic evaluation, the treatment involved surgical curettage which was subjected to histopathologic examination and diagnosed as CGCG.

Conclusions
CGCG is diagnosed by a combination of clinical and radiologic findings and confirmed by histopathology. The condition needs to be distinguished from other giant cell containing lesions. The early and precise diagnosis of CGCG allows conservative management with minimal risk to the adjacent tooth or bone.
Comparative Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Eugenol as Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Molars: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Dogra Shikha 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as a root canal filling material in primary teeth using endodontic pressure syringe system.Materials and methodsA total of 40 primary mandibular molars were selected and divided into two groups-group I (calcium hydroxide was used as root canal filling material) and group II (zinc oxide eugenol used as canal filling material). Clinical review was undertaken at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months interval for evaluating pain, tenderness, mobility and any other sign of pathology. Radiographic examination was done at interval of 3, 6 and 9 months for the evaluation of any change in the radiolucency around the apices and inter-radicular space. Resorption of root and filling material was also assessed.ResultsReduction in the clinical symptoms were noted in both groups (p < 0.01). All the 20 cases in group I demonstrated a decrease in size of radiolucency. However in group II, an increase in radiolucency was observed in 2 teeth at 3 months radiographic examination. Further no decrease in the size of radiolucency was noticed at subsequent follow-up visits. Complete resorption of overfilled material was observed at the 3 months radiographic examination for group I whereas partial resorption of overfilled material was seen at 6 months radiographic examination for group II.ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that calcium hydroxide could be used exclusively or as an alternative to zinc oxide eugenol as a root canal filling material for the primary teeth.
Unicystic Ameloblastoma in a Young Female: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chatra Laxmikanth , Kanneppady Sham Kishor , Sakri Santosh B , Nanditha S , Prashanth Shenoy K 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Ameloblastoma is an archetype of a true neoplasm of odontogenic origin. Most ameloblastomas have been classically described as a multilocular cyst-like lesion of the jaw. The unicystic variant is far less frequent and has been reported in only 6% of ameloblastomas. The presented patient is an 18-year-old female, diagnosed with this distinct entity which was treated with hemimandibulectomy, followed by reconstruction.
Solution‐Processed Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistor Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole Functionalized with Benzothiadiazole
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Kim Chunki , Lin Jason , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAmbipolar charge transport in a solution‐processed small molecule 4,7‐bis{2‐[2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐(5‐hexyl‐2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene‐5″‐yl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrolo‐1,4‐dione‐6‐yl]‐thiophene‐5‐yl}‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTDPP2) transistor has been investigated and shows a balanced field‐effect mobility of electrons and holes of up to ∼10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. Using low‐work‐function top electrodes such as Ba, the electron injection barrier is largely reduced. The observed ambipolar transport can be enhanced over one order of magnitude compared to devices using Al or Au electrodes. The field‐effect mobility increases upon thermal annealing at 150 °C due to the formation of large crystalline domains, as shown by atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Organic inverter circuits based on BTDPP2 ambipolar transistors display a gain of over 25.
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of hydroxyl‐terminated liquid nitrile rubber
Authors: Wei Xinpeng , Zhang Liqun , Wang Weimin , Yue Dongmei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt was difficult to obtain high degree of hydrogenation of hydroxyl‐terminated liquid nitrile rubber (HTBN) by using homogeneous noble metal catalyst because the hydroxyl (OH) in HTBN was likely to cause catalyst poisoning. In this study, with hexamethyl disilylamine protecting OH, a good yields of hydrogenated HTBN was synthesized through the use of homogeneous metal catalyst. The effects of catalyst concentration, reaction time, hydrogen pressure, and temperature on the hydrogenation of HTBN were investigated and obtained the following optimum process parameter values: catalyst mass fraction of 0.8%, reaction time of 8 h, pressure of 1.6 MPa, and temperature of 100°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the hydrogenation product of the protected HTBN, indicating that under certain conditions a high degree of hydrogenation of HTBN can be achieved. Only the carbon–carbon double bonds (CC), not the CN bonds, are subject to hydrogenation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
HDPE‐ash nanocomposites
Authors: Ayswarya E. P. , Abraham Beena T. , Thachil Eby Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAsh‐based polymer composites are assuming increasing importance because of the pollutant potential, fine particle size, and low price of ash. Fly ash and rice husk ash are two prominent ash materials on which some investigations have already been done for potential use in polymer composites. This article highlights the results of a study on the use of wood ash in HDPE. Wood ash is mainly a mixture of various metallic compounds and some silica. Here, the characterization of wood ash has been done with the help of XRD, ICPAES, light scattering based particle size analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The results show that wood ash particle size has an average value of 293 nm, much lower than other categories of ash. When blended with HDPE in the presence of a compatibilizer, wood ash gives rise to vastly improved mechanical properties over that of the base polymer. The results prove that wood ash is a valuable reinforcing material for HDPE and the environmental pollution due to wood ash can be solved in a most profitable way by this technique. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of academic experience and prestige on researchers' citing behavior
Authors: Frandsen Tove Faber , Nicolaisen Jeppe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article reports the findings of a bibliometric study of the measurable effects of experience and prestige on researchers' citing behavior. All single authors from two econometrics journals over a 10‐year time period form the basis of the analysis of how experience and prestige affect the number of references in their publications. Preliminary results from linear regression models suggest that two author types can be characterized using this analysis. Review experience seems to be the decisive factor in the data. The article discusses the implications of the findings and offers suggestions for future research within this new and promising area.
Performance of a pilot‐scale packed bed reactor for perchlorate reduction using a sulfur oxidizing bacterial consortium
Authors: Boles Amber R. , Conneely Teresa , McKeever Robert , Nixon Paul , Nüsslein Klaus R. , Ergas Sarina J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel sulfur‐utilizing perchlorate reducing bacterial consortium successfully treated perchlorate (ClO) in prior batch and bench‐scale packed bed reactor (PBR) studies. This study examined the scale up of this process for treatment of water from a ClO and RDX contaminated aquifer in Cape Cod Massachusetts. A pilot‐scale upflow PBR (∼250‐L) was constructed with elemental sulfur and crushed oyster shell packing media. The reactor was inoculated with sulfur oxidizing ClO reducing cultures enriched from a wastewater seed. Sodium sulfite provided a good method of dissolved oxygen removal in batch cultures, but was found to promote the growth of bacteria that carry out sulfur disproportionation and sulfate reduction, which inhibited ClO reduction in the pilot system. After terminating sulfite addition, the PBR successfully removed 96% of the influent ClO in the groundwater at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 12 h (effluent ClO of 4.2 µg L−1). Simultaneous ClO and NO reduction was observed in the lower half of the reactor before reactions shifted to sulfur disproportionation and sulfate reduction. Analyses of water quality profiles were supported by molecular analysis, which showed distinct groupings of ClO and NO degrading organisms at the inlet of the PBR, while sulfur disproportionation was the primary biological process occurring in the top potion of the reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:637–646. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histologic patterns and molecular characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma associated with clinical outcome
Authors: Solis Luisa M. , Behrens Carmen , Raso M. Gabriela , Lin Heather Y. , Kadara Humam , Yuan Ping , Galindo Hector , Tang Ximing , Lee J. Jack , Kalhor Neda , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Moran Cesar A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lung adenocarcinoma is histologically heterogeneous and has 5 distinct histologic growth patterns: lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid. To date, there is no consensus regarding the clinical utility of these patterns.METHODS:The authors performed a detailed semiquantitative assessment of histologic patterns of 240 lung adenocarcinomas and determined the association with patients' clinicopathologic features, including recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. In a subset of tumors, expression levels of 2 prognostic molecular markers were evaluated: thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) (n = 218) and a panel of 5 proteins (referred as the FILM signature index) (n = 185).RESULTS:Four mutually exclusive tumor histology pattern groups were identified: 1) any solid (38%), 2) any papillary but no solid (14%), 3) lepidic and acinar but no solid or papillary (30%), and 4) acinar only (18%). Patients in group 3 had a higher RFS rate than patients in group 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.4510; P = .0165) and group 2 (HR, 0.4253; P = .0425). Solid pattern tumors (group 1) were associated with a lower OS rate than nonsolid pattern tumors (all stages: HR; 1.665; P = .0144; stages I and II: HR, 2.157; P = .008). In the patients who had tumors with a nonsolid pattern, high TTF‐1 expression was associated significantly with higher RFS (HR, 0.994; P = .0017) and OS (HR, 0.996; P = .0276) rates in all stages, and a high FILM signature index score was associated with lower RFS and OS rates in all stages (RFS: HR, 1.343; P = .0192; OS: HR, 1.371; P = .0156) and in stages I and II (RFS: HR, 1.419; P = .0095; OS: HR, 1.315; P = .0422).CONCLUSIONS:The presence of a solid histologic pattern was identified as a marker of unfavorable prognosis in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma. High TTF‐1 expression and low FILM signature index scores were associated with a better prognosis for patients who had tumors with a nonsolid pattern. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for multisite extracranial oligometastases
Authors: Salama Joseph K. , Hasselle Michael D. , Chmura Steven J. , Malik Renuka , Mehta Neil , Yenice Kamil M. , Villaflor Victoria M. , Stadler Walter M. , Hoffman Philip C. , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Connell Philip P. , Haraf Daniel J. , Vokes Everett E. , Hellman Samuel , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A subset of patients with metastatic cancer in limited organs may benefit from metastasis‐directed therapy. The authors investigated whether patients with limited metastases could be safely treated with metastasis‐directed radiotherapy.METHODS:Patients with 1 to 5 metastatic cancer sites with a life expectancy of >3 months received escalating stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) doses to all known cancer sites. Patients were followed radiographically with CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and metabolically with fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography, 1 month after treatment, and then every 3 months. Acute toxicities were scored using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0, and late toxicities were scored using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group late toxicity scoring system.RESULTS:Sixty‐one patients with 113 metastases were enrolled from November 2004 to November 2009 on a prospective radiation dose escalation study. Median follow‐up was 20.9 months. Patients tolerated treatment well; the maximal tolerated dose was not reached in any cohort. Eleven patients (18.3%) have not progressed. One and 2‐year progression‐free survival are 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8‐46.1) and 22.0% (95% CI, 12.8‐34.4); 1‐year and 2‐year overall survival are 81.5% (95% CI, 71.1‐91.1) and 56.7% (95% CI, 43.9‐68.9). Seventy‐two percent of patients whose tumors progressed did so in limited (1‐3) metastatic sites.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with 1 to 5 metastases can be safely treated to multiple body sites and may benefit from SBRT. Further investigation should focus on patient selection. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Photoreceptor types, visual pigments, and topographic specializations in the retinas of hydrophiid sea snakes
Authors: Hart Nathan S. , Coimbra João Paulo , Collin Shaun P. , Westhoff Guido 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSea snakes have evolved numerous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to suit their wholly aquatic lifestyle. However, although sea snakes use vision for foraging and mate selection, little is known about their visual abilities. We used microspectrophotometry, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the retinal photoreceptors of spine‐bellied (Lapemis curtus) and horned (Acalyptophis peronii) sea snakes. Both species have three types of visual pigment sensitive to short (SWS; wavelength of maximum absorbance, λmax 428–430 nm), medium (MWS; λmax 496 nm), and long wavelengths of light (LWS; λmax 555–559 nm) in each of three different subtypes of cone‐like single photoreceptor. They also possess a cone‐like double photoreceptor subtype, both the principal and accessory member of which contain the LWS visual pigment. Conventional rods were not observed, although the MWS photoreceptor may be a “transmuted” rod. We also used stereology to measure the total number and topographic distribution of neurons in the ganglion cell layer of L. curtus, the olive sea snake (Aipysurus laevis), and the olive‐headed sea snake (Disteira major). All species have a horizontal visual streak with specialized areas in the nasal and temporal retina. Both L. curtus and D. major also have a specialized area in the ventral retina, which may reflect differences in habitat usage and/or foraging behavior compared to A. laevis. Maximal spatial resolution was estimated at 1.1, 1.6, and 2.3 cycles deg−1 in D. major, L. curtus, and A. laevis, respectively; the superior value for A. laevis may reflect its specialized crevice‐foraging hunting technique. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1246–1261, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the rodent prefrontal cortex
Authors: Stranahan Alexis M. , Jiam Nicole T. , Spiegel Amy M. , Gallagher Michela 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor many years, aging was thought to be accompanied by significant decreases in total neuron number across multiple brain regions. However, this view was revised with the advent of modern quantification methods, and it is now widely accepted that the hippocampus and many regions of the cortex show substantially preserved numbers of neurons during normal aging. Nonetheless, age‐related changes in neuron number do occur in focal regions of the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC), but the question of whether age‐related neuron loss is an exclusive characteristic of the PFC in primates remains relatively unexplored. To investigate the loss of neurons with normal aging in rodents, we used unbiased stereological methods to quantify the number of principal neurons and interneurons in the PFC of young and aged rats. We observed a significant age‐related decline in the number of principal neurons in the dorsal PFC. The number of interneurons positively stained with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was also reduced in the dorsal PFC of aged rats. These observations indicate that the dorsal PFC is susceptible to neuron loss with aging in rodent brain and suggest some common basis for vulnerability in cortical circuits across species. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1318–1326, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlocal Tug‐of‐War and the Infinity Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Bjorland Clayton , Caffarelli Luis , Figalli Alessio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMotivated by the “tug‐of‐war” game studied by Peres et al. in 2009, we consider a nonlocal version of the game that goes as follows: at every step two players pick, respectively, a direction and then, instead of flipping a coin in order to decide which direction to choose and then moving a fixed amount &epsiv; > 0 (as is done in the classical case), it is an s‐stable Levy process that chooses at the same time both the direction and the distance to travel. Starting from this game, we heuristically derive a deterministic nonlocal integrodifferential equation that we call the “infinity fractional Laplacian.” We study existence, uniqueness, and regularity, both for the Dirichlet problem and for a double‐obstacle problem, both problems having a natural interpretation as tug‐of‐war games. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Limits of digital unit–remote radio unit distance and cell coverage induced by time division duplex profile in mobile WiMAX systems
Authors: Kim Sung‐Man 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe analyze the theoretical limits of three characteristics in the mobile WiMAX base station composed of DU (digital unit) and RU (remote radio unit): (i) the maximum distance between DU and RU; (ii) the maximum number of cascading RUs that can be connected to a DU; and (iii) cell coverage from RU. These theoretical limits are induced by the time division duplex profile of the IEEE802.16 standard. With the typical parameters of the mobile WiMAX system, the maximum allowable distance between DU and RU is 7.4 km and the cell coverage from RU is 8.3 km for 10‐MHz channel BW. This analysis will be a helpful practical guideline for designing mobile WiMAX base stations and planning mobile WiMAX cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drosophila as a model for epithelial tube formation
Authors: Maruyama Rika , Andrew Deborah J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpithelial tubular organs are essential for life in higher organisms and include the pancreas and other secretory organs that function as biological factories for the synthesis and delivery of secreted enzymes, hormones, and nutrients essential for tissue homeostasis and viability. The lungs, which are necessary for gas exchange, vocalization, and maintaining blood pH, are organized as highly branched tubular epithelia. Tubular organs include arteries, veins, and lymphatics, high‐speed passageways for delivery and uptake of nutrients, liquids, gases, and immune cells. The kidneys and components of the reproductive system are also epithelial tubes. Both the heart and central nervous system of many vertebrates begin as epithelial tubes. Thus, it is not surprising that defects in tube formation and maintenance underlie many human diseases. Accordingly, a thorough understanding how tubes form and are maintained is essential to developing better diagnostics and therapeutics. Among the best‐characterized tubular organs are the Drosophila salivary gland and trachea, organs whose relative simplicity have allowed for in depth analysis of gene function, yielding key mechanistic insight into tube initiation, remodeling and maintenance. Here, we review our current understanding of salivary gland and trachea formation – highlighting recent discoveries into how these organs attain their final form and function. Developmental Dynamics 241:119–135, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A dividing ratio changeable digital PLL with low jitter using a multiphase clock divider
Authors: Fujimoto Kuniaki , Yahara Mitsutoshi , Sasaki Hirofumi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSince phase‐locked loops (PLL) are used in the clock extraction of digital communications and high‐density digital recording, it is required to have simultaneously low jitter, fast pull‐in, and wide lock‐in range characteristics. However, in the case of the conventional dividing ratio changeable digital PLL based on phase state memory and double clock‐edge detection (PM‐DCPLL), the output jitter in the steady state becomes no less than half the pulse width of the base clock controlling the loop, and the upper bound frequency of the lock‐in range is limited accordingly. In this paper, we propose a dividing ratio changeable digital phase‐locked loop (MC‐DCPLL) with low jitter, wide lock‐in range, and fast pull‐in characteristics using a multiphase clock divider. Since the output jitter of this circuit is one phase difference of the multiphase clock in steady state, the circuit can reduce the output jitter to 1/k of that of a conventional PM‐DCPLL when a k phase clock is used. Therefore, the upper bound frequency becomes k times that of a conventional PM‐DCPLL. Furthermore, the initial pull‐in is completed in one period of the input signal by using the initial pull‐in circuit. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(11): 55–62, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10340
Character recognition by time–frequency analysis using writing pressure
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuhito , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith the development of information and communication technology, personal verification becomes more and more important. In the future ubiquitous society, the development of terminals handling personal information will require personal verification technology. The signature is one of the personal verification methods; however, the number of characters is limited in the case of the signature and therefore false signatures are easily used. Thus, personal identification from handwriting is difficult. This paper proposes a “haptic pen” that extracts the writing pressure, and shows a character recognition method based on time–frequency analyses. Although the figures of characters written by different writers are similar, the differences appear in the time–frequency domain. As a result, it is possible to use the proposed character recognition for personal identification more exactly. Experimental results show the viability of the proposed method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(11): 32–40, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10376