bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of temporal artery, mid‐forehead skin and axillary temperature recordings in preterm infants <1500 g of birthweight*
Authors: Duran Ridvan , Vatansever Ülfet , Acunaş Betül , Süt Necdet 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  Preterm infants are prone to temperature maintenance problems due to immature thermoregulatory mechanism and relatively large body surface area. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a new non‐invasive infrared thermometer applied to the mid‐forehead and temporal artery in comparison with axillary temperature recordings by mercury‐in‐glass thermometer, and to determine the discomfort caused by these procedures in preterm infants on incubator care.Methods:  The present comparative prospective study was composed of 34 preterm infants <1500 g of birthweight nursed in an incubator. Temperature recording from mid‐forehead, temporal artery and axilla were recorded six times a day for 7 days since the end of the first week of life. For pain assessment, the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) was used.Results:  The mean mid‐forehead, temporal artery and axillary temperatures were 36.72 ± 0.08, 36.81 ± 0.09 and 36.71 ± 0.07°C, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted between the means of mid‐forehead and axillary temperatures. The mean temporal artery temperature was statistically higher than the means of the mid‐forehead and axillary temperatures. The PIPP scores of the mid‐forehead, temporal artery and axillary temperature measurements were 5.07 ± 0.36°C, 5.18 ± 0.43°C and 7.59 ± 0.84°C, respectively. The mean PIPP score of axillary temperature measurements was statistically higher than the means of mid‐forehead and temporal artery measurements.Conclusions:  The infrared skin thermometer applied to the mid‐forehead is a useful and valid device for easy and less painful measurement of skin temperature in preterm infants <1500 g of birthweight.
Combined enzyme replacement and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Hurler syndrome
Authors: Bijarnia Sunita , Shaw Peter , Vimpani Anne , Smith Robert , Pacey Verity , O'Grady Helen , Christodoulou John , Sillence David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report the long‐term follow‐up of successful treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I H (MPS IH, Hurler syndrome) with combined enzyme replacement therapy and haematopoietic progenitor stem cell transplant.
Management of children with otitis media: A survey of Australian Aboriginal Medical Service practitioners
Authors: Gunasekera Hasantha , Morris Peter S , Daniels John , Couzos Sophie , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  To determine whether Australian Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS) practitioners treat otitis media (OM) more aggressively in Aboriginal than non‐Aboriginal children and the factors influencing their management decisions.Methods:  A case vignette questionnaire was sent to all AMS practitioners working in December 2006. We compared responses based on the child's Aboriginal status using χ2 analysis.Results:  Questionnaires were returned from 63/87 (72%) of the AMSs by 131/238 (55%) eligible practitioners. Few practitioners (13%) reported using tympanometry or pneumatic otoscopy (9%) when examining children's ears. Practitioners were more likely to treat acute OM with antibiotics (92% vs. 49%, P < 0.01) and to treat with courses longer than 7 days (25% vs. 14%, P= 0.03) in Aboriginal than non‐Aboriginal children. Most practitioners (60%) used oral antibiotics to treat chronic suppurative OM and OM with effusion in Aboriginal children (58%). Factors increasing the likelihood of antibiotic use included: the child being Aboriginal (67%), wet perforations (62%) and bulging eardrums (59%). No AMS or practitioner characteristics were significant predictors. Most practitioners (99%) were aware of Therapeutic Guidelines (Antibiotic). Only half (54%) were aware of the Australian Government guidelines for managing OM in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations and only 22% used them ‘often’ or ‘always’.Conclusions:  Australian AMS practitioners treat OM more aggressively in Aboriginal children, consistent with the Australian Government guidelines, despite half being unaware of them. Opportunities to improve management include increased use of pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry, and decreased antibiotic usage for OM with effusion and chronic suppurative OM.
Fourth Joint Meeting of the American Urological Association and the Japanese Urological Association Specialty Society Program at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association at Chicago 2009
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R , Hinotsu Shiro , Chancellor Michael B , Homma Yukio , Nelson Peter S , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Menon Mani , Kucuk Omer , Hara Isao , Egawa Shin , Uzzo Robert G , Kanayama Hiro‐omi , Okuyama Akihiko , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: July 2009

Preface:  We are heartily grateful for the warm support of all of the people concerned, including the moderators and panelists of both societies for giving us the opportunity to hold the 4th American Urological Association/Japanese Urological Association (AUA/JUA) Joint Meeting, held once again at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association (25–30 April 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA).2009 is a memorable year, being the start of new collaborations between AUA and JUA. The JUA in collaboration with AUA is promoting an academic exchange program whereby outstanding and promising Japanese and American junior faculty members will be given the opportunity to work in the USA and Japan for one month. The program not only allows the sharing of knowledge and experience, but is designed to foster a closer alliance between the AUA and JUA, and assists in identifying future leaders within both organizations.The JUA will have an exhibit booth at the AUA annual meeting, promoting our new joint activities. The Journal of Urology and International Journal of Urology will share reviewers. The JUA will participate in developing AUA guidelines. With all of these activities, the JUA hopes it will provide greater opportunities to young Japanese urologists to participate in educational projects in the US.We would like to thank Professor Robert C. Flanigan, the Secretary General of AUA, Professor Glenn M. Preminger, the Chairman of the AUA Office of Education and the staff of AUA and JUA for supporting our program. We hope to keep holding the joint meeting and have plenty of ideas on themes and forums. We believe that this international program helps to establish a closer relationship between JUA and AUA in the scientific field.Akihiko Okuyama md, President of JUAHideyuki Akaza md, Chairman of the International Committee of JUA
Surveillance following orchiectomy for stage I testicular seminoma: Long‐term outcome
Authors: Yoshida Takahiro , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Takezawa Kentaro , Arai Yasuyuki , Ono Yutaka , Meguro Norio , Kinouchi Toshiaki , Nishimura Kazuo , Usami Michiyuki 
Published: July 2009

Objectives:  To report the long‐term outcome of surveillance for stage I seminoma at a single institution in Japan.Methods:  A retrospective review of medical records of 64 patients who underwent orchiectomy between January 1982 and December 2005 was carried out. All of them were managed by surveillance for stage I seminoma.Results:  Median follow‐up time was 123.8 months. Of the 64 patients, seven developed relapse. Four relapses occurred within the first year after orchiectomy, but three occurred over 4 years after orchiectomy. The actuarial relapse‐free rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 92.1%, 90.0%, and 86.0%, respectively. All patients received salvage chemotherapy at relapse. Four of these seven patients were alive without evidence of disease. One patient died of seminoma and one was alive with this disease. The remaining one patient died of leukemia without secondary relapse of seminoma. T classification was a statistically significant (P = 0.028) risk factor for relapse on univariate analysis. In T1 patients, relapse‐free rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were all 97.1%, whereas in T2/T3 patients the corresponding relapse‐free rates were 86.4%, 82.1%, and 71.8%, respectively.Conclusions:  The relapse‐free rate in the present study was similar to previous reports. Late relapse should be considered during surveillance.
Early mobilization after total knee replacement reduces the incidence of deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sivashankar , Ariaretnam Siva Kumar , Tsung Jason , Dickison David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBoth chemical and mechanical methods of prophylaxis have reduced the incidence of thromboembolic complications following total knee replacement (TKR). Only a few studies have shown that mobilization on the first post‐operative day further reduces the incidence of thromboembolic phenomena. We conducted a prospective study to verify not only if early mobilization but also whether the distance mobilized on the first post‐operative day after TKR reduced the incidence of thromboembolic complications.The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were compared in 50 consecutive patients who underwent TKR from July 2006 following a change in the mobilization protocol with 50 consecutive patients who underwent TKR before the protocol was instigated. The mobilization protocol changed from strict bed rest the first post‐operative day to mobilization on the first post‐operative day. Mobilization was defined as sitting out of bed or walking for at least 15–30 min twice a day. The distance mobilized was accurately recorded by the physiotherapists. All patients underwent duplex scans of both lower limbs on the fourth post‐operative day.There was a significant reduction in the incidence of thromboembolic complications in the mobilization group (seven in total) compared with the control group (16 in total) (P= 0.03). Furthermore, in the mobilization group the odds of developing a thromboemobloic complication was significantly reduced the greater the distance the patient mobilized (Chi‐squared linear trend = 8.009, P= 0.0047).Early mobilization in the first 24 h after TKR is a cheap and effective way to reduce the incidence of post‐operative deep venous thrombosis.
Emphysema on imaging is associated with quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Motohashi Norihisa , Kimura Kazuyoshi , Ishii Takeo , Wakabayashi Ritsuko , Kurosaki Hiroko , Motegi Takashi , Yamada Kouichi , Jones Rupert CM , Gemma Akihiko , Kida Kozui 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Limited data are available on the association between the severity of emphysema or airway narrowing, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has been seen to be more prevalent among elderly subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HRQOL, physical parameters and structural alterations in lung of COPD patients.Methods:  Stable COPD patients (n = 125; mean age 71.0) were studied. Both the severity of emphysema, which was expressed as the extent of the low‐attenuation area (LAA%), and percentage of the large airway wall area (WA%) on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were compared with various parameters of the generic and HRQOL, respectively, together with pulmonary function tests and exercise capacity.Results:  The predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 s was significantly associated with both LAA% and WA%, but the diffusion capacity was strongly correlated with LAA% alone. Parameters of the generic and HRQOL, and almost all other parameters appeared to be significantly associated with LAA% alone, whereas no association was observed between WA% and QOL.Conclusion:  We concluded that the severity of emphysema, but not that of large airway narrowing on HRCT, is associated with both generic and health‐related QOL and reduced diffusion capacity. This notion might provide useful information in practice among elderly subjects who are unable to perform a spirometry.
Understanding the oldest old in northern Japan: An overview of the functional ability and characteristics of centenarians
Authors: Freeman Shannon , Kurosawa Hajime , Ebihara Satoru , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  To increase knowledge of the functional ability of centenarians by examining the situation of Japanese centenarians residing in an urban region in northern Japan.Methods:  Questionnaires focused on functional ability, demographics, housing and care needs were received from 56 centenarians and 104 control subjects: 56 aged 80–89 and 48 aged 90–99.Results:  Centenarian physical capabilities, care needs and health history were diversified. Centenarians most commonly resided with family in the community and were likely to utilize informal and insurance care services. Gender differences in functional ability by age groups known as gender cross‐over were observed in control subjects but reduced in centenarians. A few who reported physical limitations were not entitled to receive nationally subsidized care services suggesting inaccuracies may have occurred during certification determination.Conclusion:  Centenarians in northern Japan represent a heterogeneous cohort suggesting multiple paths to the attainment of advanced old age. This is the first study designed to provide a solid knowledge base of actual circumstances experienced by centenarians specifically in northern Japan.
Evolutionary rescue can prevent extinction following environmental change
Authors: Bell Graham , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe ubiquity of global change and its impacts on biodiversity poses a clear and urgent challenge for evolutionary biologists. In many cases, environmental change is so widespread and rapid that individuals can neither accommodate to them physiologically nor migrate to a more favourable site. Extinction will ensue unless the population adapts fast enough to counter the rate of decline. According to theory, whether populations can be rescued by evolution depends upon several crucial variables: population size, the supply of genetic variation, and the degree of maladaptation to the new environment. Using techniques in experimental evolution we tested the conditions for evolutionary rescue (ER). Hundreds of yeast populations were exposed to normally lethal concentrations of salt in conditions, where the frequency of rescue mutations was estimated and population size was manipulated. In a striking match with theory, we show that ER is possible, and that the recovery of the population may occur within 25 generations. We observed a clear threshold in population size for ER whereby the ancestral population size must be sufficiently large to counter stochastic extinction and contain resistant individuals. These results demonstrate that rapid evolution is an important component of the response of small populations to environmental change.
Microalbuminuria Predicts Mortality in Noninsulin‐dependent Diabetes
Authors: Jarrett R. J. , Viberti G. C. , Argyropoulos A. , Hill R. D. , Mahmud U. , Murrells T. J. 
Published: July 2009

Forty‐four non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics (NIDD), all with urine negative to Albustix, were studied in 1966/67. By the end of 1980, 17 had died, all but two from cardiovascular causes. All causes of mortality and time to death were significantly related in univariate analyses to age and to the overnight urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), but not to systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels or to duration of diabetes when the latter was corrected for age. Age and duration were highly correlated with each other. In multivariate analyses age and AER were independent predictors of both mortality and time to death, with AER having the greater degree of significance.Thus subclinically elevated albumin excretion rates (‘microalbuminuria’) indicate a substantially increased mortality risk in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes.
Diabetes and Insurance: A Survey of Patient Experience
Authors: Frier B. M. , Sullivan F. M. , Stewart Elizabeth J. C. 
Published: July 2009

A survey of 186 diabetic patients examined their collective experience of life and motor insurance. Some form of life insurance policy had been obtained by 150 patients, with a combined total of 204 policies, 107 of which had been agreed before the diagnosis of diabetes. Most patients had declared diabetes to the insurer but 12 patients had been refused acceptance. Only 15 patients sought alternative quotations. The premium had been loaded by 10–40% for 36 patients because of diabetes, and 48 required a medical report.Of 147 diabetic drivers, 95 (65%) had declared diabetes either to the Licensing authority, or to the motor insurer, but only 62 (42%) had informed both. Fourteen patients had been refused motor insurance cover by individual companies, and 36 patients were aware of having had their premium increased, but only 16 patients had sought alternative quotations.Major differences in attitude with regard to diabetes as a risk factor for insurance are evident, and patients should be advised to approach several companies when seeking insurance cover.
Seven Years Experience of Home Management in Pregnancy in Women with Insulin‐dependent Diabetes
Authors: Heller S. R. , Lowe J. M. , Johnson I. R. , O'Brien P. M. S. , Clarke P. , Symonds E. M. , Tattersall R. B. 
Published: July 2009

Fifty‐eight of a consecutive series of 75 pregnancies in women with insulin‐dependent diabetes went into the third trimester. Diabetes was managed by home blood glucose monitoring and women were not routinely admitted at any stage before delivery. The mean number of in‐patient days before delivery was 15 for the whole series but has been reduced to 9 during the past four years. Each woman performed an average of 171 blood glucose measurements during her pregnancy. Mean blood glucose (including post‐prandial levels) fell significantly from 7.9 mmol/l in the first trimester to 7.3 in the second and 6.4 in the third. Mean percentage of haemoglobin A1 was within the normal range in the second and third trimesters. The caesarian section rate was high at 66% but there were no perinatal deaths. Three infants had congential abnormalities.We conclude that home blood glucose monitoring is a safe and effective way of managing pregnant diabetic women as out‐patients. The cost of meters and sticks is repaid many times over in the saving of hospital costs. In addition, home blood glucose monitoring is popular with the patients and many choose to continue it after delivery.
Development of Scales to Measure Perceived Control of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes‐related Health Beliefs
Authors: Bradley Clare , Brewin Chris R. , Gamsu Deborah S. , Moses Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2009

A series of scales was designed to measure perceived control of diabetes and diabetes‐related health beliefs with a view to predicting treatment preferences and individual differences in response to the treatments. Scale development is described and the psychometric properties examined with responses from 286 insulin requiring adult diabetic patients. Patients were significantly more likely (p < 0.001) to attribute responsibility for their diabetes control to themselves rather than to their medical advisors or to other factors.For most of the patients the benefits of treatment were perceived substantially to outweigh any barriers (p < 0.001). Compared with their perceptions of vulnerability to disorders unrelated to diabetes, patients thought that they were more vulnerable to such diabetes related complications as eye, kidney and foot problems (p < 0.001) but not to heart disease.
Plasma C‐peptide Levels Identify Insulin‐treated Diabetic Patients Suitable for Oral Hypoglycaemic Therapy
Authors: Grant P. J. , Barlow E. , Miles D. W. 
Published: July 2009

Plasma C‐peptide levels were measured fasting and 2 h after an oral glucose load in 37 insulin‐treated diabetic patients to assess their clinical value in identifying any non‐insulin‐dependent diabetic patients. All subjects were changed from insulin to oral hypoglycaemic therapy and followed for 3 months. Twenty patients (group A) completed the trial without requiring insulin and 17 (group B) required restabilization on insulin due to deteriorating metabolic control. Fasting and 2 h C‐peptide levels were significantly higher in group A (0.11±0.09 and 0.17±0.12 nmol/l; mean±S.D.) compared with group B (0.02±0.03 and 0.02±0.03 nmol/l) (p<0.002 and p<0.002). The fasting C‐peptide levels at 3 months (0.28±0.14 nmol/l) were also significantly higher than the fasting levels at the beginning of the study (p<0.002).Fasting and 2‐h glucose levels were lower in group A (11.0±3.7 and 17.6±5.2 mmol/l) than in group B (14.4±6.2 and 23.1±5.9 mmol/l; p<0.05 and 0.02, respectively). The differences in glycosylated haemoglobin and fasting glucose levels at the start of the study and after 3 months of oral therapy were not statistically significant.Although C‐peptide values overlapped in groups A and B, they were of greater value in identifying patients suitable for oral therapy than any single clinical criterion, and thus may help in identifying insulin‐treated diabetic patients who may be treated with oral therapy without deterioration in metabolic control.
Measurement of Platelet Aggregation in Diabetics using the New Electronic Platelet Aggregometer
Authors: Jones R. J. , Delamothe A. P. , Curtis L. D. , Machin S. J. , Betteridge D. J. 
Published: July 2009

Platelet function has been studied in diabetic subjects using a new electronic platelet aggregometer which enables platelet aggregation to be studied in whole blood. This may be a more physiological approach to the assessment of platelet behaviour as centrifugation is avoided and platelets are studied in the presence of other blood elements which may be important modulators of platelet functionin vivo.Twenty insulin‐dependent diabetic subjects were studied along with 20 age and sex‐matched controls. Platelet aggregation to collagen (1 μg/ml) and arachidonic acid (1 mM) was significantly increased in the diabetic group. In addition the sensitivity of diabetic platelets to the antiaggregatory effects of prostacyclin was significantly reduced. A significant inverse correlation was found between platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and glycosylated haemoglobin concentration in the diabetic group. It is unlikely that the platelet abnormalities in this diabetic group are due to underlying vascular disease as none of the patients had evidence of diabetic complications. These findings may have important implications for the development of vascular disease in diabetics.
Insulin Oedema and its Clinical Significance: Metabolic Studies in Three Cases
Authors: Wheatley T. , Edwards O. M. 
Published: July 2009

Three patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus are described in whom generalized oedema and weight gain followed the administration of excessive monocomponent insulins, in two cases associated with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Serial measurements of plasma volume and transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERA) using 125I‐labelled albumin, serum colloid osmotic pressure (COP) using a membrane colloid osmometer, packed cell volume (PCV), and serum proteins, showed that oedema was associated with an increased plasma volume and TERA, while serum albumin and total protein concentration and serum COP were reduced. A reduction in daily insulin dose abolished hypoglycaemia and resulted in weight loss, natriuresis, diuresis, a reduction in plasma volume and TERA, and an increase in serum albumin, total protein, and COP.Strict metabolic control in previously poorly controlled patients may cause insulin‐induced increments in plasma volume and albumin escape rate.