bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of magnetic polarons in magnetic semiconductor single electron transistors: The effect of Coulomb interaction and external magnetic field
Authors: Lebedeva N. , Varpula A. , Novikov S. , Kuivalainen P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn a magnetic single electron transistor (SET), which consists of a magnetic quantum dot (QD) coupled electrically to nonmagnetic source, drain, and gate electrodes, a magnetic polaron (MP) formation may occur, that is, the charge carrier spin may spin‐polarize the magnetic atoms of the QD and simultaneously the carrier becomes more tightly bound to the QD. We have studied theoretically the effect of the Coulomb interaction and magnetic field on the stability of the MPs in ferromagnetic SETs in the Coulomb blockade regime. The calculated results show that the temperature range, where MP is stable can be controlled by the gate voltage of the SET. At temperatures below the Curie temperature the stability decreases with magnetic field, whereas at higher temperatures the opposite is true. The Coulomb repulsion between two charge carriers separates the spin‐up and spin‐down energy levels, which stabilizes the MP further.
Transmission electron microscopy of single wall carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites: A first‐principles study
Authors: Solá F. , Xia Z. H. , Lebrón‐Colón M. , Meador M. A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe physics of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image formation and electron diffraction of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a polymer matrix was investigated theoretically on the basis of the multislice method. The effect of the nanocomposite thickness on both image contrast and typical electron diffraction reflections of the nanofillers was explored. The implications of the results on the experimental applicability to study dispersion, chirality and diameter of nanofillers are discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sampling properties and spatial filtering of ensemble background‐error length‐scales
Authors: Raynaud Laure , Pannekoucke Olivier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground‐error length‐scales are key components of the correlation model since they give an idea of the distance over which the influence of an observation extends. The length‐scales can be estimated from an ensemble of perturbed forecasts, however the finite size of the ensembles in operational applications introduces a relatively large sampling noise on the estimated length‐scales.We first give some insight into the statistical properties of the noise. On the one hand, the noise variance can be analytically expressed as a simple function of the length‐scale and the ensemble size. On the other hand, it is shown that the spatial structure of the noise is relatively small‐scale and is directly related to the heterogeneity of background error.Such spatial properties tend to support the use of local averaging techniques to remove the noise. This is explored with the application of homogeneous and heterogeneous averagings based on the integration of the diffusion equation. It is observed that both filters improve the accuracy of the length‐scale estimates, with the heterogeneous filter being more efficient in the regions where the length‐scales are small and rapidly varying. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Kidney Podocytes as Specific Targets for cyclo(RGDfC)‐Modified Nanoparticles
Authors: Pollinger Klaus , Hennig Robert , Breunig Miriam , Tessmar Joerg , Ohlmann Andreas , Tamm Ernst R. , Witzgall Ralph , Goepferich Achim 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRenal nanoparticle passage opens the door for targeting new cells like podocytes, which constitute the exterior part of the renal filter. When cyclo(RGDfC)‐modified Qdots are tested on isolated primary podocytes for selective binding to the αvβ3 integrin receptor a highly cell‐ and receptor‐specific binding can be observed. In displacement experiments with free cyclo(RGDfC) IC50 values of 150 nM for αvβ3 integrin over‐expressing U87‐MG cells and 60 nM for podocytes are measured. Confocal microscopy shows a cellular Qdot uptake into vesicle‐like structures. Our ex vivo study gives clear evidence that, after renal filtration, nanoparticles can be targeted to podocyte integrin receptors in the future. This could be a highly promising approach for future therapy and diagnostics of podocyte‐associated diseases.
Electron Beam Melting of High Niobium Containing TiAl Alloy: Feasibility Investigation
Authors: Terner Mathieu , Biamino Sara , Epicoco Paolo , Penna Andrea , Hedin Oscar , Sabbadini Silvia , Fino Paolo , Pavese Matteo , Ackelid Ulf , Gennaro Paolo , Pelissero Federica , Badini Claudio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThird generation γ‐TiAl alloys with a high niobium content, Ti–(47–48)Al–2Cr–8Nb, were processed by electron beam melting (EBM). This near‐net‐shape additive manufacturing process produces complex parts according to a CAD design. The starting powder is deposited layer by layer on the building table and selectively melted to progressively form the massive part. The EBM parameters such as layer thickness, melting temperature, scanning speed, or building strategy were set up to minimize porosity. The chemical composition of the built material is similar to the composition of the base powder despite a slight evaporation of aluminum and reveals a neglectable oxygen pick‐up. The very fine equiaxed microstructure resulting after EBM can be then set up by heat treatment (HT). According to the HT temperature in particular, an equiaxed microstructure, a duplex microstructure with different lamellar ratio and a fully lamellar microstructure is obtained. Not only test bars have been produced but also complex parts such as demo low pressure turbine blades.
Investigation on Water Model for Fluid Flow in Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Consideration of Solidified Process
Authors: Jin Xing , Chen DengFu , Xie Xin , Shen Jialong , Long Mujun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study aims to propose suitable simulation methods, which enable to reduce the major differences between water model and real caster, such as the gradually decreased flow space, flow mass in the casting direction, and the momentum decay in the mushy zone. With consideration of solidified process, the method is concerned with the change of flow space and flow mass at the casting direction in water model. The level fluctuations, stimulus–response curves, velocities of liquid surface, and distributions of liquid slag have been changed in the water model to study the differences of flow character and the variation of fluid flow in molds. The mold with a solidified shell leads to significant differences in flow behaviors, such as higher level fluctuations, higher surface velocities, and worse liquid slag distributions. Neglecting the solidified shell causes unrealistic lower surface velocities and level fluctuations in water model. The mold with consideration of flow mass balance has higher level fluctuations and surface velocities than the mold without shell, and has lower level fluctuations and surface velocities than that of mold with a shell. The results indicate that it is necessary for water model to take the solidified process into account to acquire more accurate and reliable experiment results, especially for thinner slab.
Structure–reactivity relationships for aromatic molecules: electrostatic potentials at nuclei and electrophile affinity indices
Authors: Galabov Boris , Ilieva Sonia , Koleva Gergana , Allen Wesley D. , Schaefer III Henry F. , von R. Schleyer Paul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecent advances have been achieved in the quantitative description of the reactivity of aromatic compounds in terms of simple parameters derived from theoretical computations. The first part of this review surveys the use ofelectrostatic potentials at nuclei(EPN) in characterizing the reactivity of substituted aromatic compounds when the reaction center is situated outside the aromatic ring. The application of EPN for several typical reactions of substituted aromatic systems is described in detail. The performance of alternative reactivity descriptors, such as theoretical atomic charges, the Parr electrophilicity index, and the experimental Hammett constants, is considered as well. The second part of this review discusses the recently proposedelectrophile affinityconstruct for quantifying reactivity and regiospecificity for the most typical reaction of arenes: electrophilic aromatic substitution. The characterization of reactivity of aromatic molecules in terms of proton affinities and arene nucleophilicity indices is surveyed briefly.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
σ‐Holes
Authors: Clark Timothy 
Published: August 2012

Abstractσ‐Holes are regions of positive molecular electrostatic potential collinear with and opposite to covalent bonds to atoms of Groups IV–VII. They are responsible for many noncovalent bonding interactions, such as halogen bonding. σ‐Holes make ‘negatively charged’ atoms act as if they were ‘positively charged’. The existence of σ‐hole bonding emphasizes what has been called ‘the fallacy of net atomic charges’, which means that many covalently bonded atoms cannot be represented adequately by a single charge because they look negative from some directions and positive from others. Hydrogen bonding can also be regarded as a special case of σ‐hole bonding, although in this case the origin of the σ‐hole is rationalized differently than in the heavier elements. Phenomena such as the directionality of hydrogen bonds and ‘blue‐shifted’ hydrogen bonds can be explained very simply using the σ‐hole concept.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Harnessing the power of patent information to accelerate innovation
Authors: Clark Kerri L. , Kowalski Stanley P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAccess to information drives innovation. Patents are a unique source of information containing not only legal but also technical, business, and potentially policy‐related information. Mining patents for information is an acquired skill that requires training and practice, familiarity with both legal and technical nomenclature and jargon, facile knowledge of the database used, and an appreciation of strategic approaches to efficient searching and information management. Once mastered patent information can facilitate the transformation of a resource‐based economy to a knowledge‐based economy. Essential to this process in developing countries is the active participation of the country in legal and technical transfer of innovations including patent searching to identify technologies of interest, patent owners, and the extent of patent rights (geographical and claims). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Commercialization of DMKD
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Metal Derivatives of Thiosemicarbazones: Crystal and Mole­cular Structures of Mono‐ and Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with N1‐Subsitituted Salicylaldehyde Thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Kumari Poonam , Butcher Ray J. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Golen James A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReactions of copper(II) acetate with N1‐subsitituted salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones [R1R2C2=N3–N2H–C1(=S)–N1HR3;R1 = 2‐HO–C6H4–, R2 = H : R3 = Me (H2L1), Et (H2L2)] are described. Copper(II) acetate was reacted with H2L1 and H2L2 ligands in the presence of polypyridyl co‐ligands, and this led to the formation ofmononuclear complexes, [Cu(κ3‐O, N, S‐L1)(κ2‐N, N‐bipy)] (1),[Cu(κ3‐O, N, S‐L)(κ2‐N, N‐phen)] [L = L1 (3), L2 (4)], [Cu(κ3‐O, N, S‐L)(κ2‐N, N‐tmphen)] [L =L1 (5), L2 (6)] and a dinuclear complex, [Cu2L22(bipy)] (2) (bipy = 2, 2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1, 10‐phenanthroline, tmphen = 3, 4, 7, 8‐tetramethyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline). In dinuclear complex 2, one ligand is O, N3,S‐chelating, while second is O, N3,S‐chelation‐cum‐N2‐bridging; and in all others thio‐ligands are O, N3,S‐chelating. The μeff values for the complexes lie in the range of 1.79–1.83 BM. Complexes 1, 3–6 have square pyramidal arrangement, whereas complex 2 has two independent molecules in the crystal lattice, and each molecule has trigonal bipyramidal square planar (5:4) coordination pair. Complexes 2, 4, and 6 showed fluorescence properties.
Influence of the Organic Species and Oxoanion in the Synthesis of two Uranyl Sulfate Hydrates, (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3­(H2O)]·7H2O and (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]·4H2O, and a Uranyl Selenate‐Selenite [C5H6N][(UO2)(SeO4)(HSeO3)]
Authors: Jouffret Laurent J. , Wylie Ernest M. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo uranyl sulfate hydrates, (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]·7H2O (NDUS) and (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]·4H2O (NDUS1), and one uranyl selenate‐selenite [C5H6N][(UO2)(SeO4)(HSeO3)] (NDUSe), were obtained and their crystal structures solved. NDUS and NDUSe result from reactions in highly acidic media in the presence of L‐cystine at 373 K. NDUS crystallized in a closed vial at 278 K after 5 days and NDUSe in an open beaker at 278 K after 2 weeks. NDUS1 was synthesized from aqueous solution at room temperature over the course of a month. NDUS, NDUS1, and NDUSe crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 15.0249(4) Å,b = 9.9320(2) Å, c = 15.6518(4) Å, β = 112.778(1)°, V = 2153.52(9) Å3,Z = 4, the tetragonal space group P43212, a = 10.6111(2) Å,c = 31.644(1) Å, V = 3563.0(2) Å3, Z = 8, and in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 8.993(3) Å, b = 13.399(5) Å, c = 10.640(4) Å,β = 108.230(4)°, V = 1217.7(8) Å3, Z = 4, respectively.The structural units of NDUS and NDUS1 are two‐dimensional uranyl sulfate sheets with a U/S ratio of 2/3. The structural unit of NDUSe is a two‐dimensional uranyl selenate‐selenite sheets with a U/Se ratio of 1/2. In‐situ reaction of the L‐cystine ligands gives two distinct products for the different acids used here. Where sulfuric acid is used, only H3O+ cations are located in the interlayer space, where they balance the charge of the sheets, whereas where selenic acid is used, interlayer C5H6N+ cations result from the cyclization of the carboxyl groups of L‐cystine, balancing the charge of the sheets.
The Impact of Participatory Research on Urban Teens: An Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Ozer Emily J. , Douglas Laura 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough there is much practice of community‐based participatory research in economically‐developing countries and increasingly in North America, there has been little systematic assessment of empowerment effects. Youth‐led participatory research holds particular promise for fostering positive development and civic participation among economically disadvantaged urban youth. The present investigation uses a clustered‐randomized, within‐school experimental design to test the effects of youth‐led participatory research on the psychological empowerment of 401 students attending urban public schools. We find that attending a participatory research elective class during the school day was associated with increases in sociopolitical skills, motivation to influence their schools and communities, and participatory behavior. We found no significant effects for perceived control at school. The implications for participatory research and related youth development interventions are discussed.
Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Properties of α‐Dimethyl Oxamino Dodecyl Acid
Authors: Li‐Yun Qi , Hao Bao , Yun Fang , Yu Hu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStarting from α‐chloro‐lauric acid which was obtained from lauric acid through selectively chlorinating at the α‐position with chlorine, a novel surfactant α‐dimethyl oxamino dodecyl acid was synthesized with high yield via an economic route. The structure of α‐dimethyl oxamino dodecyl acid was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Surface tension, foaming properties and emulsifying measurements were performed to study the aqueous solution properties of the synthesized surfactant. The results showed that the behavior of the α‐dimethyl oxamino dodecyl acid strongly depend on the pH of aqueous solution: it had high surface activity, excellent foaming properties and emulsion stability for paraffin oil at acid pH while the corresponding properties decrease substantially at alkaline pH.
Genetic amplification and the individualization of the parent–child relationship across adolescence
Authors: Ludeke S. , Johnson W. , McGue M. , Iacono W. G. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundMany psychological traits become increasingly influenced by genetic factors throughout development, including several that might intuitively be seen as purely environmental characteristics. One such trait is the parent–child relationship, which is associated with a variety of socially significant outcomes, including mental health and criminal behavior. Genetic factors have been shown to partially underlie some of these associations, but the changing role of genetic influence over time remains poorly understood.MethodOver 1000 participants in a longitudinal twin study were assessed at three points across adolescence with a self-report measure regarding the levels of warmth and conflict in their relationships with their parents. These reports were analyzed with a biometric growth curve model to identify changes in genetic and environmental influences over time.ResultsGenetic influence on the child-reported relationship with parent increased throughout adolescence, while the relationship's quality deteriorated. The increase in genetic influence resulted primarily from a positive association between genetic factors responsible for the initial relationship and those involved in change in the relationship over time. By contrast, environmental factors relating to change were negatively related to those involved in the initial relationship.ConclusionsThe increasing genetic influence seems to be due to early genetic influences having greater freedom of expression over time whereas environmental circumstances were decreasingly important to variance in the parent–child relationship. We infer that the parent–child relationship may become increasingly influenced by the particular characteristics of the child (many of which are genetically influenced), gradually displacing the effects of parental or societal ideas of child rearing.
PHILL NIBLOCK: THE ORCHESTRA PIECES
Authors: Gilmore Bob 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the six pieces for orchestra, the earliest from 1998 and the most recent from 2011, by the American composer and filmmaker Phill Niblock (b.1933). These works stand apart from Niblock's more usual practice: that of making compositions on tape (later on computer) by superimposing layers of recordings of held tones played by individual instruments, the tones pitch-shifted to make dense, microtonal drone textures. Yet there are many similarities, in intent if not in sounding result. The article examines the manner of construction of the orchestral works, with emphasis on their pitch structure, and describes the performance practice that has grown around them in recent years. It describes Niblock's particular use of microtonal intervals (approximated in his notation in increments of a sixteenth of a tone) in generating both the textures and the overall form of his compositions, as well as the intended spatial distribution of the musicians in several of the pieces.
Producing bilinguals through immersion education: Development of metalinguistic awareness
Authors: BIALYSTOK ELLEN , PEETS KATHLEEN F. , MORENO SYLVAIN 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined metalinguistic awareness in children who were becoming bilingual in an immersion education program. The purpose was to determine at what point in emerging bilingualism the previously reported metalinguistic advantages appear and what types of metalinguistic tasks reveal these developmental differences. Participants were 124 children in second and fifth grades who were enrolled in either a French immersion or a regular English program. All children were from monolingual English-speaking homes and attended local public schools in middle socioeconomic neighborhoods. Measures included morphological awareness, syntactic awareness, and verbal fluency, with all testing in English. These tasks differed in their need for executive control, a cognitive ability that is enhanced in bilingual children. Overall, the metalinguistic advantages reported in earlier research emerged gradually, with advantages for tasks requiring more executive control (grammaticality judgment) appearing later and some tasks improving but not exceeding performance of monolinguals (verbal fluency) even by fifth grade. These findings demonstrate the gradual emergence of changes in metalinguistic concepts associated with bilingualism over a period of about 5 years. Performance on English-language proficiency tasks was maintained by French immersion children throughout in spite of schooling being conducted in French.
«Deux-trois mots» sur les déterminants de petite quantité: pluriel continu et perception sémantique
Authors: GRÉA PHILIPPE 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTLes indéfinisquelquesetplusieursse distinguent par un mode de sommation très différent.Quelques Nne dénote pas une véritable pluralité d’éléments mais une entité collective. On observe un phénomène identique avec les juxtapositions de numéraux, les disjonctions de numéraux et certains numéraux simples.Dans un premier temps, nous explorons un premier type d'explication fondé sur les concepts de quantification vague et d'approximation. Nous concluons que ces concepts ne sont pas satisfaisants.Nous présentons alors une alternative fondée sur la transposition, dans le domaine sémantique, d'une notion centrale de laGestalttheorie: l'opposition entre constituant et élément.
Système des démonstratifs médiévaux et exemples de stratégies communicatives
Authors: GUILLOT CÉLINE 
Published: August 2012

RÉSUMÉNotre recherche porte sur la valeur sémantique des deux séries de démonstratifs médiévaux, CIST et CIL, aux 12eet 13esiècles. En nous fondant sur la théorie de la sphère personnelle du locuteur, nous montrons que l'usage des deux paradigmes médiévaux repose sur les stratégies communicatives du locuteur, qui se positionne par rapport à son allocutaire en choisissant d'utiliser telle ou telle forme. Pour étayer notre hypothèse, nous étudions plus spécifiquement les SN démonstratifs prédicatifs en français médiéval. Nous montrons également que notre approche permet de mieux comprendre certains effets du démonstratif du français moderne.
Patient Risk Assessment in the PACU: An Essential Element in Clinical Decision Making and Planning Care
Authors: Smedley Pat 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDecision making in post-anaesthetic care practice is an underresearched area. The patient undergoes rapid and profound physiological change in the early stages of recovery. The practitioner is required to assimilate information about the patient, assess his clinical status, plan proactive care and provide an immediate reactive intervention depending on his/her condition. Knowledge and understanding of the standard risks of anaesthesia and surgery ensure that the practitioner is able to prevent complications arising in the routine recovery. This article investigates the role that risk assessment plays in clinical decision making and planning care in the post-anaesthetic care unit.