bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion during cardiac surgery is associated with inflammation and coagulation in the lung: a case control study
Authors: Tuinman Pieter R , Vlaar Alexander P , Cornet Alexander D , Hofstra Jorrit J , Levi Marcel , Meijers Joost CM , Beishuizen Albertus , Schultz Marcus J , Groeneveld AB Johan , Juffermans Nicole P 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Blood transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients, but cause-and-effect relations remain unknown. We hypothesized that blood transfusion is associated with changes in pulmonary and systemic inflammation and coagulation occurring in patients who do not meet the clinical diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

Methods
We performed a case control study in a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in the Netherlands. Cardiac surgery patients (n = 45) were grouped as follows: those who received no transfusion, those who received a restrictive transfusion (one two units of blood) or those who received multiple transfusions (at least five units of blood). Nondirected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were obtained within 3 hours postoperatively. Normal distributed data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Dunnett's post hoc test. Nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
Restrictive transfusion increased BALF levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and D-dimer compared to nontransfused controls (P < 0.05 for all), and IL-1β levels were further enhanced by multiple transfusions (P < 0.01). BALF levels of IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TATc) were increased after multiple transfusions (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to nontransfused controls, but not after restrictive transfusions. Restrictive transfusions were associated with increased pulmonary levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 compared to nontransfused controls with a further increase after multiple transfusions (P < 0.001). Concomitantly, levels of plasminogen activator activity (PAA%) were lower (P < 0.001), indicating impaired fibrinolysis. In the systemic compartment, transfusion was associated with a significant increase in levels of TNFα, TATc and PAA% (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Transfusion during cardiac surgery is associated with activation of inflammation and coagulation in the pulmonary compartment of patients who do not meet TRALI criteria, an effect that was partly dose-dependent, suggesting transfusion as a mediator of acute lung injury. These pulmonary changes were accompanied by systemic derangement of coagulation.
Synthesis of Inclusion Compounds of Br–Th–Py–Br and (RO)2B–Th–Py–Br (Th: Thiophene-2,5-diyl; Py: Pyridine-2,5-diyl) with γ-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Koizumi Take-aki , Kuwahara Rieko , Yamaguchi Isao , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Inclusion compounds of Br–Th–Py–Br and (RO)2B–Th–Py–Br ((OR)2: –OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O–) with γ-cyclodextrin (CD), denoted by Br–ThPy–Br–CD and (RO)2B–ThPy–Br–CD, respectively, were prepared. Ni(0)-promoted dehalogenative coupling of Br–ThPy–Br–CD gave an oligomeric inclusion product, Oligo(ThPy–CD). Oligo(ThPy–CD) was soluble in organic solvents, and 1H- and CP/MAS 13C{1H} NMR spectra as well as the powder XRD pattern of Oligo(ThPy–CD) supported the CD-encapsulated structure.
Synthesis, Structure, and Proton-Transfer Reactions of Brønsted Acidic Pyridylpyrazole Complexes of Ruthenium
Authors: Kashiwame Yohei , Watanabe Megumi , Araki Kenjirou , Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A reaction of [{Cp*Ru(μ3-Cl)}4] (Cp*: η5-C5(CH3)5) with 5-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole (PhpypzH) afforded a chelating pyrazole complex [Cp*RuCl(PhpypzH)] (2) bearing an NH proton at the β-position to the metal. Treatment of 2 with an equimolar amount of silver nitrite followed by anion exchange with KOTf (OTf: OSO2CF3) gave the pyrazolato–nitrosyl complex [Cp*Ru(NO)(Phpypz)](OTf) (3) through a proton shift from the pyrazole ligand to the nitrite ion. In contrast, simple ligand exchange took place in the reaction of silver nitrite and [Cp*RuCl(bipy)] (bipy: 2,2′-bipyridine) without the protic chelate ligand to give the nitro complex [Cp*Ru(NO2-κN)(bipy)] (4). Protonation of 4 with triflic acid led to the formation of the nitrosyl complex [Cp*Ru(NO)(bipy)](OTf)2 (5). The pyrazolato complex 3 was also obtained by the reaction of [Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2] with PhpypzH and KOTf in water. Reversible protonation of 3 resulted in the formation of the dicationic pyrazole complex [Cp*Ru(NO)(PhpypzH)](OTf)2 (6). The detailed structures of 2–4 and 6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Colorimetric “Naked-eye” Highly Selective Detection of Cu(II) Ion by a Simple Chemosensor: An Experimental and Theoretical Modeling
Authors: Dalapati Sasanka , Jana Sankar , Guchhait Nikhil 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The selectivity and sensitivity of N,N′-bis(4-diethylaminosalicylidene)hydrazine (sensor 1) toward Cu2+ ion have been established both by distinct “naked-eye” color change as well as UV–vis spectrophotometry. Sensor 1 formed 1:1 complex with Cu2+ ion where the most stable s-trans form of the sensor is trapped in the high energy conformer. Single-crystal X-ray structure of sensor 1 supports its s-trans conformation. Theoretical calculations support well the experimental result.
Synthesis and Chemical Properties of π-Conjugated Poly(9,10-dialkyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl) and a Related Polymer
Authors: Tokimitsu Ryouichi , Koizumi Take-aki , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
π-Conjugated poly(9,10-dioctyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl) and a related polymer were prepared by dehalogenative organometallic polycondensation using the corresponding dibromo compound. The polymers are photoluminescent and show a tendency to self-assemble.
Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid in the differential diagnosis between HIV chronic meningitis and opportunistic meningitis
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro , Boritza Kátia , Cogo Laura Lucia , Pessa Luis , França João , Rota Indianara , Muro Marisol , Ribeiro Cléa , Raboni Sonia Mara , Vidal Luine Rosele , Nogueira Meri Bordignon , Ellis Ronald 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background: Approximately 40% of HIV infected patients have chronic meningitis at various stages during the infection, 59% are asymptomatic. This is a diagnosis of exclusion and a confounding factor in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, any other causes of chronic meningitis by opportunistic or co-infection must be ruled out. The aim of this study was to analyze CSF lactic acid (LA) as an adjuvant biomarker in chronic meningitis due to HIV.

Methods: CSF LA was quantified in 223 CSF samples by the Dimension AR (Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA), distributed into nine groups: 1) HIV positive with an increase in CSF WBCs (n=17); 2) HIV positive with normal CSF (n=20); 3) enterovirus meningitis (n=33); 4) Herpesviridae meningoencephalitis (n=30); 5) fungal meningitis (n=25); 6) tuberculosis (TB) meningitis (n=17); 7) toxoplasmosis (n=18); 8) neurosyphilis (n=6); 9) control group (n=57).

Results: CSF LA (median; IQR) was higher in samples with TB meningitis (5.5; 2.9–7.5 mmol/L) and Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis (3.9; 2.7–5.8 mmol/L) compated with samples with HIV chronic meningitis (1.7; 1.4–1.9 mmol/L) and other groups (p≤0.0001). For the diagnosis of HIV chronic meningitis, using a cut-off of 3.5 mmol/L, CSF LA showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value, although low specificity.

Conclusions: CSF LA helps to discriminate between C. neoformans or TB meningitis and HIV chronic meningitis: CSF LA can be included with the methods currently used to identify these specific pathogens, though it does not replace them. It is rapid, inexpensive and easy to perform, and can be used in developing countries.
A Rigid-Flexible Boundary True Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Soils in a Three-Dimensional Stress State
Authors: Yin Jian-Hua , Zhou Wan-Huan , Kumruzzaman M. , Cheng Chun-Man 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In this paper, a new true triaxial loading device with mixed rigid and flexible boundaries and its setup are described. The main features of the new true triaxial loading device are four sliding rigid plates acting on the soil specimen enclosed in a rubber membrane, which solves the corner contact interference problem. Measures for reducing friction on the specimen are also presented. All forces and sources of friction on the soil specimen applied by this loading device and their influence on the distribution of strains and stresses in the specimen are analysed and discussed. The true triaxial apparatus with this new loading device has been used to study the stress-strain behaviour of a completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil in Hong Kong. Typical test results are presented and discussed. Based on the description, test results, and discussion, it is found that this new true loading device has a number of merits, especially for testing soils under large strains without corner interferences. It is also found that the stress-strain behaviour of the CDG is dependent on the b-value and the Lade–Duncan failure criterion is more suitable for the CDG in a three-dimensional stress state.
Performance of a Cubical Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Saturated and Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Reis Rodrigo Martins , de Azevedo Roberto F. , Botelho Betânia Severino , Vilar Orencio Monje 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This paper deals with the performance of a stress and suction-controlled cubical triaxial device developed to test 6-cm cubical soil specimens in saturated and unsaturated conditions. In saturated tests, saturation is achieved by back-pressure while matric suction during unsaturated tests is imposed to the specimen assuming valid the axis-translation technique. The paper describes details of the new device, the testing methodology, as well as presents a series of drained conventional triaxial compression tests on a young residual soil from gneiss performed with the new equipment. The developed apparatus works properly and is adequate to perform tests at different stress-paths that can be helpful to obtain soil parameters needed in the development or improvement of constitutive models for soils. Test results compare well with results from conventional triaxial tests and have showed that suction increased the initial stiffness and the shear strength of the soil, which is commanded by an increase of the cohesion intercept, since the friction angle remained approximately constant.
Comparison of Mobile Bearing and Fixed Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Sykes Joshua , Snearly Christine , Benner Rodney , Bernard Matthew , Mihalko William M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
To better compare the outcomes between fixed bearing (FB) and mobile bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) a review of the literature was carried out to determine any published differences. An extensive literature search utilizing PubMed was carried out to identify all publications concerning MB and FB TKA. Once studies were identified from set inclusion criteria the groups (27 studies in total) were categorically compared for differences in instability, persistent pain, loosening, radiolucencies, knee society pain and function scores as well as range of motion (ROM). ROM comparisons favored MB (P=0.03, eight studies) statistically but not clinically (3° ROM difference), and the incidence of tibial radiolucent lines improved with the use of MB TKA (P=0.03, eight studies) while all other categories were found not to be significantly different (p values of 0.1–0.72). This up to date comparison of the literature found MB and FB TKA outcomes to be comparable.
Time Domain Inverse Scattering for a Homogenous Dielectric Cylinder by Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Li Ching-Lieh , Chiu Chien-Ching , Huang Chung-Hsin 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a time domain inverse scattering technique for reconstructing the electromagnetic properties of a homogeneous dielectric cylinder based on the finite difference time domain method and the asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO). The homogeneous dielectric cylinder with unknown electromagnetic properties is illuminated by transverse magnetic pulse and the scattered field is recorded outside. By minimizing the discrepancy between the measured and estimated scattered field data, the location, shape, and permittivity of the dielectric cylinder are reconstructed. The inverse problem is resolved by an optimization approach and the global searching scheme APSO is then employed to search the parameter space. A set of representative numerical results is presented for demonstrating that the proposed approach is able to efficiently reconstruct the electromagnetic properties of the homogeneous dielectric scatterer even when the initial guess is far away from the exact one. In addition, the effects of Gaussian noises on imaging reconstruction are also investigated.
Different vitamin D substrate–product relationship after oral vitamin D supplementation in familial benign hypercalcemia, primary hyperparathyroidism, and healthy controls
Authors: Bevilacqua Maurizio , Invernizzi Marco , Righini Velella , Carda Stefano , Cisari Carlo 
Published: February 2011

ContextIn healthy subjects and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PH), the administration of a low dose of 25(OH)D (25 μg/day) increases the serum levels of both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. It is unknown whether this relationship is present in patients affected by familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FBH).ObjectiveTo evaluate the different vitamin D substrate–product relationship after oral vitamin D supplementation in familial benign hypercalcemia, PH, and healthy controls.DesignWe evaluated the main physiological regulators of 1α-hydroxylase and the substrate–product relationship of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D in 20 patients with PH, 25 with FBH, and 122 healthy sex- and age-matched controls before and after administration of 25(OH)D for 2 weeks.Results25(OH)D increased significantly in all subjects, whereas 1,25(OH)2D serum levels increased significantly in PH patients and healthy controls but not in patients with FBH. Therefore, a significant positive substrate–product relationship of 25(OH)D–1,25(OH)2D was found in PH and healthy controls, but not in FBH. Monomeric calcitonin (hCT-M) was significantly lower at baseline and after 25(OH)D supplementation in the FBH group compared with the other two groups.ConclusionsThe lack of 1,25(OH)2D increase in FBH may be due to a direct inhibitory effect on 1α-hydroxylase of hypercalcemiaper se, increased metabolic clearance of 1,25(OH)2D, or a decreased stimulus of 1α-hydroxylase related to persistently low levels of hCT.
The Development of the European Framework for Psychosocial Risk Management: PRIMA‐EF
Authors: Leka Stavroula , Jain Aditya , Cox Tom , Kortum Evelyn 
Published: February 2011

The Development of the European Framework for Psychosocial Risk Management: PRIMA‐EF: Stavroula Leka, et al. Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, UK—Aim: This paper presents the development process of the European framework for psychosocial risk management (PRIMA‐EF). It also summarises and discusses key indings of research conducted through this policy‐orientated research programme.ObjectivesThis paper presents an overview of the development process of PRIMA‐EF. The background, methods and outcomes are described and discussed. The paper summarises the key findings of PRIMA‐EF and concludes by a discussion of the merit of PRIMA‐EF in the area of psychosocial risk management and its intended use. PRIMA‐EF has been built on a review, critical assessment, reconciliation and harmonisation of existing European approaches for the management of psychosocial risks and the promotion of mental health at the workplace. The framework has been built from a theoretical analysis of the risk management process, identifying its key elements in logic and philosophy, strategy and procedures, areas and types of measurement, and from a subsequent analysis of European risk management approaches. It is meant to accommodate all existing psychosocial risk management approaches across Europe. It also provides a model and key indicators that relate to the psychosocial risk management process both at the enterprise and macro levels.MethodExperts, researchers, social partners, key European and international organisations and networks were involved throughout the development of PRIMA‐EF. Anumber of methods were applied including literature, case study and policy reviews, interviews, surveys, focus groups and workshops. The scientific indings have been used to develop user‐friendly tools for use at the enterprise and policy levels such as guidelines, indicators, guidance sheets, inventories and web‐based tools.ConclusionsPRIMA‐EF is intended as a framework for harmonizing practice and current methods in the area of psychosocial risk management. It can also be used as a guidance tool for the development of further methods both in Europe and internationally as it can provide a benchmark for validation of new methods. A number of priorities have been identified on the basis of PRIMA‐EF for the future of psychosocial risk management and the promotion of mental health at workplace in Europe.
Perceptions of Psychosocial Hazards, Work‐related Stress and Workplace Priority Risks in Developing Countries
Authors: Kortum Evelyn 
Published: February 2011

Perceptions of Psychosocial Hazards, Work‐related Stress and Workplace Priority Risks in Developing Countries: Evelyn Kortum, et al. Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, UK—ObjectivesDuring the last few decades, major global developments in the world of work include an international trend to shift production to developing countries, with wide variations in working conditions and exposure to traditional and emerging occupational risks, such as psychosocial risks. The latter have rarely been addressed or explored in developing and economically‐emerging country contexts while we find an abundant body of research from industrialized countries. The research presented, which is part of a larger study, explored the perception of multi disciplinary experts from different regions, as deined by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the nature of psychosocial hazards, and work‐related stress, as well as their views on workplace priorities that require urgent attention.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 29 experts from developing countries which were subjected to thematic analysis. A two‐tiered Delphi survey was completed by 74 experts in the irst round with 53 of these experts completing the survey in the second round.ResultsPsychosocial hazards and work‐related stress were mostly seen as interchangeable in terms of source and effect and all participants perceived them as concern to their workforce. Through the interviews and the Delphi surveys they allude to our contemporary understanding of psychosocial risks. Workplace risks of priority differed by region but primarily work‐related stress, injury and accident prevention, and substance abuse and risk behaviors were reported to require urgent attention.ConclusionsThe current lack of awareness and research in the area of psychosocial risks and work‐related stress hampers action in developing countries. International experts should support the exchange of information and the development of interventions in workplaces in developing countries with a view to integrating these emerging risks into comprehensive occupational health and safety policy frameworks to make such approaches more effective.
Comparisons of Sex-Specific Growth and Weight–Length Relationships in Minnesota Black Crappie Populations
Authors: Isermann Daniel A. , Thompson Andrew L. , Talmage Philip J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We examined differences in sex-specific growth and weight–length relationships for five Minnesota populations of black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Male black crappies typically grew slightly faster than females, but observed differences in mean total lengths (TLs) at age were always 15 mm or less and were typically less than 10 mm. We detected few differences in log10(weight)–log10(TL) regressions between sexes, and predicted weights at 200 and 250 mm differed between sexes by less than 10 g. Our results indicate that biologists are justified in pooling sexes when estimating population metrics such as growth and condition because the minor differences in growth and weight–length relationships we observed would be unlikely to affect management decisions. Furthermore, while our evaluation did not specifically examine angler harvest selectivity, the small differences in growth and weight–length relationships observed between sexes seemed unlikely to promote sex-selective angler harvest within the lakes we examined. However, it remains possible that male growth advantages of more than 10 mm may promote selective removal of male fish in black crappie fisheries regulated by minimum length limits, where anglers may use the minimum length limit as a target when selecting fish for harvest and are more likely to measure individual fish.
A Comparison of the Performance and Compatibility of Protocols Used by Seven Monitoring Groups to Measure Stream Habitat in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Roper Brett B. , Buffington John M. , Bennett Stephen , Lanigan Steven H. , Archer Eric , Downie Scott T. , Faustini John , Hillman Tracy W. , Hubler Shannon , Jones Kim , Jordan Chris , Kaufmann Philip R. , Merritt Glenn , Moyer Chris , Pleus Allen 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
To comply with legal mandates, meet local management objectives, or both, many federal, state, and tribal organizations have monitoring groups that assess stream habitat at different scales. This myriad of groups has difficulty sharing data and scaling up stream habitat assessments to regional or national levels because of differences in their goals and data collection methods. To assess the performance of and potential for data sharing among monitoring groups, we compared measurements made by seven monitoring groups in 12 stream reaches in northeastern Oregon. We evaluated (1) the consistency (repeatability) of the measurements within each group, (2) the ability of the measurements to reveal environmental heterogeneity, (3) the compatibility of the measurements among monitoring groups, and (4) the relationships of the measurements to values determined from more intensive sampling (detailed measurements used as a standard for accuracy and precision in this study). Overall, we found that some stream attributes were consistently measured both within and among groups. Furthermore, for all but one group there was a moderate correlation (0.50) between the group measurements and the intensive values for at least 50% of the channel attributes. However, none of the monitoring groups were able to achieve high consistency for all measured stream attributes, and few of the measured attributes had the potential for being shared among all groups. Given the high cost of stream habitat monitoring, we suggest directing more effort to developing approaches that will increase the consistency and compatibility of measured stream attributes so that they will have broader utility. Ultimately, local monitoring programs should consider incorporating regional and national objectives so that data can be scaled up and the returns to limited monitoring dollars can be maximized across spatial scales.