bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of data fusion applied to health monitoring of wind turbine drivetrain components
Authors: Dempsey Paula J. , Sheng Shuangwen 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe research described was performed with diagnostic tools used to detect damage to dynamic mechanical components in a wind turbine gearbox. Different monitoring technologies were evaluated by collecting vibration and oil‐debris data from tests performed on both a ‘healthy’ gearbox and a damaged gearbox that were mounted on a dynamometer test stand at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The damaged gearbox tested had been removed from the field after it experienced component damage because of two events that resulted in the loss of oil. The gearbox was re‐tested under controlled conditions by using the NREL dynamometer test stand. Preliminary results indicate that oil‐debris and vibration data can be integrated to improve the assessment of the health of the wind turbine gearbox. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the Interface Between Retroperitoneal Fat Infiltration of Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma and the Major Artery by Multidetector‐Row Computed Tomography: Surgical Outcomes and Correlation with Histopathological Extension
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Shimada Kazuaki , Takeuchi Yoshito , Sofue Keitaro , Shibamoto Kentaro , Nara Satoshi , Esaki Minoru , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kosuge Tomoo , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrecise assessment of retroperitoneal invasion is clinically important to allow the achievement of negative margin resections.MethodsThe clinical records of 132 patients who underwent macroscopic curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological factors, including retroperitoneal fat infiltration classified into four groups by multidetector‐row computed tomography (MDCT), were analyzed. The relationship between the grade of retroperitoneal fat infiltration and surgical outcomes, as well as various histopathological factors, was also investigated.ResultsThe 5 year survival rate was 55.6 % for grade 0 infiltration (n = 8), 38.7 % for grade 1 (n = 54), 16.4 % for grade 2 (n = 49), and 0 % for grade 3 (n = 21). There were significant differences in survival in each group. Extrapancreatic nerve invasion and the surgical margin status were significantly associated with retroperitoneal fat infiltration demonstrated on MDCT. According to the grading classification among the 43 patients with pathological portal vein invasion, the 5 year survival rate was 45.9 % for patients with grade 1, which was significantly better survival that those with grade 2 (P = 0.007).ConclusionThe grading criteria for retroperitoneal fat infiltration may be useful as a predictor of survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection could provide favorable survival in patients with grade 1 retroperitoneal fat infiltration, even if histopathological portal vein invasion is present.
Tsukamurella sp. E105 as a new biocatalyst for highly enantioselective hydrolysis of ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate
Authors: He Junyao , Yuan Shuai , Wang Pu , Wang Nengqiang 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A new bacterial strain, E105, has been introduced as a biocatalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of ethyl (R,S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate, (R,S)-1, to (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyric acid, (S)-2. This strain was isolated from 60 soil samples using (R,S)-1 as the sole carbon source. The isolate was identified as Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens E105, based on its morphological characteristics, physiological tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The process of cell growth and hydrolase production for this strain was then investigated. The hydrolase activity reached its maximum after cultivation at 200 rpm and 30 °C for 36 h. Furthermore, the performance of the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-1 was studied. The optimal reaction temperature, initial pH, substrate concentration, and concentration of suspended cells were 30 °C, 6.8, 10 and 30 g/l (DCW), respectively. Under these conditions, a high conversion (&gt;45 %) of the product (S)-2 with an excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) (&gt;99 %), and a satisfied enantiomeric ratio (E) (&gt;600) as well were obtained. This study showed that the bacterial isolate T. tyrosinosolvens E105 displayed a high enantioselectivity towards the hydrolysis of racemic ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate.
Fertility and pregnancy in women affected by glycogen storage disease type I, results of a multicenter Italian study
Authors: Sechi Annalisa , Deroma Laura , Lapolla Annunziata , Paci Sabrina , Melis Daniela , Burlina Alberto , Carubbi Francesca , Rigoldi Miriam , Di Rocco Maja 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundLife expectancy of patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I has improved considerably, opening new problems correlated with adult age. In females polycystic ovaries (PCOs) has been described as frequently associated with the disease, however successful pregnancies have been reported. Whether or not GSD I is associated with impaired reproductive function is still unclear.Patients and methodsData about female patients with GSD Ia and Ib, who were 16 years or older, were obtained from clinical records and interviews.ResultsA total of 32 women with GSD I (25 GSD Ia, 7 GSD Ib), median age 26 years (range 16–55), were included. 9/32 patients had delayed menarche, 17/32 had irregular cycles, 8/22 had documented polycystic ovaries. Five successful spontaneous pregnancies in four patients with GSD Ia and two in a woman with GSD Ib were reported. The latter had development and enlargement of hepatic adenomas during pregnancies.ConclusionDespite the high prevalence of irregular menstruation cycles and polycystic ovaries, fertility seems not to be impaired in women with GSD I. During pregnancy monitoring for adenoma development is mandatory.
Interactions between frequency and size of disturbance affect competitive outcomes
Authors: Miller Adam , Reilly Dan , Bauman Spenser , Shea Katriona 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDisturbance has many effects on ecological communities, and it is often suggested that disturbance can affect species diversity by altering competitive outcomes. However, disturbance regimes have many distinct aspects that may act, and interact, to influence species diversity. While there are many theoretical models of disturbance‐prone communities, few have specifically documented how interactions between different aspects of a disturbance regime change competitive outcomes. Here, we present a model of two plant species subject to disturbance which we then use to examine species coexistence over varying levels of two aspects of disturbance: frequency, and spatial extent (i.e., area disturbed). We show that the competitive outcome is affected differently by changes in each aspect and that the effect of disturbance frequency on species coexistence depends strongly on the spatial extent of the disturbance, and vice versa. We classify the nature of these interactions between disturbance frequency and extent on the basis of the shape of the resulting coexistence regions in a frequency–extent parameter plane. Our results illustrate that different types of interaction can result from differences in life‐history traits that control species‐specific sensitivity to frequency and extent of disturbance. Thus, our analysis shows that the various aspects of disturbance must be carefully considered in concert with the life‐history traits of the community members in order to assess the consequences of disturbance.
Novel Amide‐Based Cationic Surfactants as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in HCl and H2SO4 media
Authors: Yıldırım A. , Öztürk S. , Çetin M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of surface active compounds were synthesized by the quaternization of some straight chain amide derivatives with triethylamine or pyridine. Their structure FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectra were recorded. In addition their physical properties and corrosion prevention efficiencies were investigated. All compounds were tested with steel coupons in acidic media by the gravimetric method. As acidic media 1.5 M HCl and 1.5 M H2SO4 were used and the corrosion inhibition tests fulfilled at room temperature for 24 h. Almost all prepared cationic surfactants showed efficient inhibition around their critical micelle concentrations. The effects of HCl concentration on corrosion inhibition of some synthesized compounds were also investigated. The corrosion tests were supported by contact angle measurements.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Tribochemically Formed Boundary Films of Refined and Unrefined Canola Oils
Authors: Chua Wenhsi , Chapman Peter , Stachowiak Gwidon W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe paper reports the investigation of tribochemically formed boundary films of canola oils using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This is the first time that metallic surfaces lubricated by plant oils have been studied using this technique. The results of this work provided strong evidence that fatty acids were liberated from the triglyceride structure during sliding to form a fatty acid soap layer on the silver surface. The study also revealed that the fatty acid chains of the unrefined canola oil were more disordered and most likely in a gauche conformation, while that of the refined canola oil were tightly packed and oriented perpendicular to the surface. It is believed that the greater presence of polar minor components in the unrefined oil, such as phospholipids, interfered with the ability of free fatty acids to form a tightly packed monolayer on the silver surface.
Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stability of Roasted and Cold Pressed Pumpkin Seed Oils
Authors: Neđeral Sandra , Škevin Dubravka , Kraljić Klara , Obranović Marko , Papeša Sunčica , Bataljaku Antonija 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of three production processes (pressing of roasted pumpkin seed paste, pressing of unroasted ground pumpkin seeds and pressing of unroasted ground pumpkin seeds while cooling the press) on the properties of pumpkin seed oils produced from two seed varieties (husked and naked) were investigated. Oils produced with roasting had a higher initial peroxide value (PV), twofold higher total phenol content and better oxidative stability while cold pressed oils had higher tocopherol content. Fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions were not significantly affected by the processing conditions. Oxidative stability of the oils positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The lack of correlation in oxidative stability with tocopherol and polyphenol contents suggests that improvement in oxidative stability of roasted oils could have been caused by antioxidative Maillard reaction products or inactivation of oil degrading enzymes. In addition, oils produced from husked seeds had significantly higher linoleic acid, triacylglycerols (TAG) containing mainly linoleic acid (LLL, OLL and PLL), tocopherol and phenol contents while oleic acid and TAG containing mainly oleic acid (LOO and OOO) contents and oxidative stability were lower. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the analytical data confirmed the observed differences between oils from two varieties and three production processes.
Supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy with endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery — results of the first one hundred patients from a single UK centre
Authors: Awsare Ninaad S , Ghei Maneesh , Rajkumar Vellore , Jones Paul A 
Published: May 2012

Objective To review our experience using combined supine PCNL and simultaneous ureterorenoscopy (ECIRS: endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery) to treat renal calculi. Patients and methods Retrospective analysis of operative times, anaesthetic and surgical complications, and stone-free rates in patients who underwent PCNL and ECIRS in the Galdakao Modified Supine Valdivia position at a single centre between September 2007 and November 2011 was undertaken. Outcomes for those patients with BMI > 30 and those with high ASA grade were compared to the remaining patient group. Results One hundred patients underwent 103 PCNL procedures. Thirty-one (31%) patients had BMI > 30 while 48 (48%) had ASA grade III or IV. Mean ± S.D. operative time and hospital stay was 111.34 ± 36.92 min and 49.5 ± 18.6 h respectively with no demonstrable increase in either parameter for patients with high ASA grade or BMI. The overall PCNL stone-free rate was 87% with 13 needing a secondary procedure. Six patients had postoperative complications (three transfusions, two post-operative fever and one ITU admission for sepsis). Conclusions Supine PCNL incurs minimal anaesthetic morbidity. The GMSV position enables PCNL to be performed in the obese safely with high stone-clearance rates when combined with ECIRS thus decreasing the need for ancillary procedures such as ESWL.
The InnvaDiab-DE-PLAN study: a randomised controlled trial with a culturally adapted education programme improved the risk profile for type 2 diabetes in Pakistani immigrant women
Authors: Telle-Hjellset Victoria , Kjøllesdal Marte K. Råberg , Bjørge Benedikte , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd , Wandel Margareta , Birkeland Kåre I. , Eriksen Hege R. , Høstmark Arne Torbjørn 
Published: May 2012

The objective of the present study was to explore whether a culturally adapted lifestyle education programme would improve the risk factor profile for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Pakistani immigrant women in Oslo, Norway. The randomised controlled trial (the InnvaDiab study), lasting 7 ± 1 months, comprised six educational sessions about blood glucose, physical activity and diet. Participants (age 25–62 years) were randomised into either a control (n 97) or an intervention (n 101) group. Primary outcome variables were fasting and 2 h blood glucose, and secondary outcome variables were fasting levels of insulin, C-peptide, lipids, glycated Hb, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure, measured 1–3 weeks before and after the intervention. During the intervention period, the mean fasting blood glucose decreased by 0·16 (95 % CI − 0·27, − 0·05) mmol/l in the intervention group, and remained unchanged in the control group (difference between the groups, P= 0·022). Glucose concentration 2 h after the oral glucose tolerance test decreased by 0·53 (95 % CI − 0·84, − 0·21) mmol/l in the intervention group, but not significantly more than in the control group. A larger reduction in fasting insulin was observed in the intervention group than in the control group (between-group difference, P= 0·036). Among the individuals who attended four or more of the educational sessions (n 59), we found a more pronounced decrease in serum TAG ( − 0·1 (95 % CI − 0·24, 0·07) mmol/l) and BMI ( − 0·48 (95 % CI − 0·78, − 0·18) kg/m2) compared with the control group. During the intervention period, there was a significant increase in participants having the MetS in the control group (from 41 to 57 %), which was not seen in the intervention group (from 44 to 42 %). Participation in a culturally adapted education programme may improve risk factors for T2D and prevent the development of the MetS in Pakistani immigrant women.
Gustatory changes in patients with chronic otitis media, before and after middle-ear surgery
Authors: Huang C-C , Lin C-D , Wang C-Y , Chen J-H , Shiao Y-T , Tsai M-H 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:We investigated gustatory changes in patients with chronic otitis media, before and after middle-ear surgery.Methods:This prospective study included 38 patients with unilateral chronic otitis media. We used taste testing solutions to evaluate each patient's taste function. Intra-operative assessments of the chorda tympani nerve were also compared and analysed.Results:Patients with chronic otitis media had significantly worse ipsilateral perception of sour, bitter and salty tastes. In patients with good intra-operative preservation of the chorda tympani nerve, there was significant improvement in gustatory function one month post-operatively, compared with the pre-operative baseline. In patients who sustained intra-operative chorda tympani nerve injury, one month post-operative gustatory function was the same as the pre-operative baseline.Conclusion:Middle-ear surgery for chronic otitis media not only treats the ear but also improves gustatory function in the majority of patients. In patients with intra-operative injury to the chorda tympani nerve, post-operative taste decline is only temporary.
Towards Sub-TeV electron beams driven by ultra-short, ultra-intense laser pulses
Authors: WANG WEI-MIN , SHENG ZHENG-MING , KAWATA SHIGEO , ZHENG CHUN-YANG , LI YU-TONG , CHEN LI-MING , DONG QUAN-LI , LU XIN , MA JING-LONG , ZHANG JIE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnergetic electron beam generation from a thin foil target by the ponderomotive force of an ultra-intense circularly polarized laser pulse is investigated. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that laser pulses with intensity of 1022–1023 Wcm−2 generate about 1–10 GeV electron beams, in agreement with the prediction of one-dimensional theory. When the laser intensity is at 1024–1025 Wcm−2, the beam energy obtained from PIC simulations is lower than the values predicted by the theory. The radiation damping effect is considered, which is found to become important for the laser intensity higher than 1025 Wcm−2. The effect of laser focus positions is also discussed.
Linear electrostatic waves in two-temperature electron–positron plasmas
Authors: LAZARUS I. J. , BHARUTHRAM R. , SINGH S. V. , PILLAY S. R. , LAKHINA G. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLinear electrostatic waves in a magnetized four-component, two-temperature electron–positron plasma are investigated, with the hot species having the Boltzmann density distribution and the dynamics of cooler species governed by fluid equations with finite temperatures. A linear dispersion relation for electrostatic waves is derived for the model and analyzed for different wave modes. Analysis of the dispersion relation for perpendicular wave propagation yields a cyclotron mode with contributions from both cooler and hot species, which in the absence of hot species goes over to the upper hybrid mode of cooler species. For parallel propagation, both electron-acoustic and electron plasma modes are obtained, whereas for a single-temperature electron–positron plasma, only electron plasma mode can exist. Dispersion characteristics of these modes at different propagation angles are studied numerically.
Determining On-Axis Crystal Thickness with Quantitative Position-Averaged Incoherent Bright-Field Signal in an Aberration-Corrected STEM
Authors: Xin Huolin L. , Zhu Ye , Muller David A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn accurate determination of specimen thickness is essential for quantitative analytical electron microscopy. Here we demonstrate that a position-averaged incoherent bright-field signal recorded on an absolute scale can be used to determine the thickness of on-axis crystals with a precision of ±1.6 nm. This method measures both the crystalline and the noncrystalline parts (surface amorphous layers) of the sample. However, it avoids the systematic error resulting from surface plasmon contributions to the inelastic mean-free-path thickness estimated by electron energy loss spectroscopy.
An Improved Visual Tracking Method in Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Ru Changhai , Zhang Yong , Huang Haibo , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSince their invention, nanomanipulation systems in scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) have provided researchers with an increasing ability to interact with objects at the nanoscale. However, most nanomanipulators that are capable of generating nanometer displacement operate in an open-loop without suitable feedback mechanisms. In this article, a robust and effective tracking framework for visual servoing applications is presented inside an SEM to achieve more precise tracking manipulation and measurement. A subpixel template matching tracking algorithm based on contour models in the SEM has been developed to improve the tracking accuracy. A feed-forward controller is integrated into the control system to improve the response time. Experimental results demonstrate that a subpixel tracking accuracy is realized. Furthermore, the robustness against clutter can be achieved even in a challenging tracking environment.
Three‐dimensional P velocity structures of the lithosphere beneath Taiwan from the analysis of TAIGER and related seismic data sets
Authors: Kuo‐Chen Hao , Wu Francis T. , Roecker Steven W. 
Published: May 2012

The convergence of the Philippine Sea and the Eurasian plates in the Taiwan region led to the formation of a young collisional mountain between two subduction zones of nearly orthogonal polarities. The geological processes underlying the collision and its relation to subduction are the primary targets of TAIGER (Taiwan Integrated Geodynamic Research) project. Newly acquired passive and active sources data on land, supplemented by ocean bottom as well as permanent seismic network data, are used to derive a new 3‐D tomographic velocity model. Using the 7.5 km/sec contour as a marker for crustal deformation, two trend‐parallel “roots,” one under the Central Range with a maximum depth of 55 km and the other under the Coastal Range at 40 km, are found to extend from southern to central (∼24°N) Taiwan. Between the two roots and lying approximately beneath the Longitudinal Valley, the 7.5 km/sec contour rises to 25 km depth. In the upper mantle, a high velocity zone, east‐dipping and its upper surface coinciding with a Wadati‐Benioff zone in the south (∼22.8°N), becomes near vertical and ill‐defined in the north (∼23.9°N). The crustal deformation as defined by the “roots” and the along‐trend variations of the upper mantle structures under Taiwan provide key information for the orogeny. With the thickening of crust to 55 km or more processes such as eclogitization and delamination may come into play.
Rapid barotropic sea level rise from ice sheet melting
Authors: Lorbacher K. , Marsland S. J. , Church J. A. , Griffies S. M. , Stammer D. 
Published: May 2012

Sea level rise associated with idealized Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet melting events is examined using a global coupled ocean sea‐ice model that has a free surface formulation and thus can simulate fast barotropic motions. The perturbation experiments follow the Coordinated Ocean‐ice Reference Experiment (CORE) version III. All regions of the global ocean experience a sea level rise within 7–8 days of the initialization of a polar meltwater input of 0.1 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). The fast adjustment contrasts sharply with the slower adjustment associated with the smaller steric sea level evolution that is also connected with melt events. The global mean sea level rises by 9 mm yr−1 when this forcing is applied either from Greenland or Antarctica. Nevertheless, horizontal inter‐basin gradients in sea level remain. For climate adaption in low‐lying coastal and island regions, it is critical that the barotropic sea level signal associated with melt events is taken into consideration, as it leads to a fast sea level rise from melting ice sheets for the bulk of the global ocean. A linear relation between sea level rise and global meltwater input is further supported by experiments in which idealized melting occurs only in a region east or west of the Antarctic Peninsula, and when melting rates are varied between 0.01 Sv and 1.0 Sv. The results indicate that in ocean models that do not explicitly represent the barotropic signal, the barotropic component of sea level rise can be added off‐line to the simulated steric signal.