bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masticatory Loading, Function, and Plasticity: A Microanatomical Analysis of Mammalian Circumorbital Soft‐Tissue Structures
Authors: Jašarević Eldin , Ning Jie , Daniel Ashley N. , Menegaz Rachel A. , Johnson Jeffrey J. , Stack M. Sharon , Ravosa Matthew J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn contrast to experimental evidence regarding the postorbital bar, postorbital septum, and browridge, there is exceedingly little evidence regarding the load‐bearing nature of soft‐tissue structures of the mammalian circumorbital region. This hinders our understanding of pronounced transformations during primate origins, in which euprimates evolved a postorbital bar from an ancestor with the primitive mammalian condition where only soft tissues spanned the lateral orbital margin between frontal bone and zygomatic arch. To address this significant gap, we investigated the postorbital microanatomy of rabbits subjected to long‐term variation in diet‐induced masticatory stresses. Rabbits exhibit a masticatory complex and feeding behaviors similar to primates, yet retain a more primitive mammalian circumorbital region. Three cohorts were obtained as weanlings and raised on different diets until adult. Following euthanasia, postorbital soft tissues were dissected away, fixed, and decalcified. These soft tissues were divided into inferior, intermediate, and superior units and then dehydrated, embedded, and sectioned. H&E staining was used to characterize overall architecture. Collagen orientation and complexity were evaluated via picrosirius‐red staining. Safranin‐O identified proteoglycan content with additional immunostaining performed to assess Type‐II collagen expression. Surprisingly, the ligament along the lateral orbital wall was composed of elastic fibrocartilage. A more degraded organization of collagen fibers in this postorbital fibrocartilage is correlated with increased masticatory forces due to a more fracture‐resistant diet. Furthermore, the lack of marked changes in the extracellular composition of the lateral orbital wall related to tissue viscoelasticity suggests it is unlikely that long‐term exposure to elevated masticatory stresses underlies the development of a bony postorbital bar. Anat Rec, 293:642–650, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral η6‐Arene/N‐Tosylethylenediamine–Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Solution Behavior and Catalytic Activity for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Sandoval Christian A. , Bie Fusheng , Matsuoka Aki , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Naka Hiroshi , Li Yuehui , Kato Koichi , Utsumi Noriyuki , Tsutsumi Kunihiko , Ohkuma Takeshi , Murata Kunihiko , Noyori Ryoji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAromatic ketones are enantioseletively hydrogenated in alcohols containing [RuX{(S,S)‐Tsdpen}(η6‐p‐cymene)] (Tsdpen=TsNCH(C6H5)CH(C6H5)NH2; X=TfO, Cl) as precatalysts. The corresponding Ru hydride (X=H) acts as a reducing species. The solution structures and complete spectral assignment of these complexes have been determined using 2D NMR (1H‐1H DQF‐COSY, 1H‐13C HMQC, 1H‐15N HSQC, and 1H‐19F HOESY). Depending on the nature of the solvents and conditions, the precatalysts exist as a covalently bound complex, tight ion pair of [Ru+(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and X−, solvent‐separated ion pair, or discrete free ions. Solvent effects on the NH2 chemical shifts of the Ru complexes and the hydrodynamic radius and volume of the Ru+ and TfO− ions elucidate the process of precatalyst activation for hydrogenation. Most notably, the Ru triflate possessing a high ionizability, substantiated by cyclic voltammetry, exists in alcoholic solvents largely as a solvent‐separated ion pair and/or free ions. Accordingly, its diffusion‐derived data in CD3OD reflect the independent motion of [Ru+(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and TfO−. In CDCl3, the complex largely retains the covalent structure showing similar diffusion data for the cation and anion. The Ru triflate and chloride show similar but distinct solution behavior in various solvents. Conductivity measurements and catalytic behavior demonstrate that both complexes ionize in CH3OH to generate a common [Ru+(Tsdpen)(cymene)] and X−, although the extent is significantly greater for X=TfO−. The activation of [RuX(Tsdpen)(cymene)] during catalytic hydrogenation in alcoholic solvent occurs by simple ionization to generate [Ru+(Tsdpen)(cymene)]. The catalytic activity is thus significantly influenced by the reaction conditions.
SnO2@Poly(HEMA‐co‐St‐co‐VPBA) Core‐shell Nanoparticles Designed for Selectively Enriching Glycopeptides Followed by MALDI‐MS Analysis
Authors: Shen Wen‐Wen , Ma Cheng‐Ning , Wang Su‐Feng , Xiong Huan‐Ming , Lu Hao‐Jie , Yang Peng‐Yuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe core‐shell boronic‐acid functionalized nanoparticles SnO2@Poly(HEMA‐co‐St‐co‐VPBA) are designed for selectively enriching glycopeptides, followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Such 60 nm sized core‐shell nanoparticles are prepared by means of copolymerization between 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) grafted on SnO2 nanoparticles, styrene, and 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA). All of the synthesis procedures are completed within 3 h. Cyclic boronate esters form between boronic‐acid groups on the polymer chains and cis‐diol groups on glycopeptides, and thus almost all intact glycopeptides from low‐abundant horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine asialofetuin (ASF) are enriched with high selectivity and efficiency. After enrichment, both intact N‐ and O‐glycopeptides are characterized by multistage MS. Furthermore, we successfully apply this method to the human serum sample for characterizing the target glycoproteins haptoglobin and alpha‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein. The present selective enriching method followed by multistage‐MS analysis is proven to be a good choice for routine glycopeptide characterization.
Excited‐State Reversible Geminate A*+B↔C*+D Reaction in Two Dimensions
Authors: Park Kihyun , Shin Kook Joe , Kim Hyojoon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe reversible geminate transfer reaction, A*+B↔C*+D, has been studied in two dimensions. For the excited‐state transfer reaction with two different lifetimes and quenching, the exact analytical Green functions have been generalized for an arbitrary initial condition in the Laplace domain. Long‐time asymptotic behaviors of survival probabilities have been analyzed in the time domain as well as short‐time expressions. The two‐dimensional survival probabilities have been found to show logarithmic decay behaviors of ${\left( {\ln t} \right)^{ - 1} }$ or ${t^{ - 1} \left( {\ln t} \right)^{ - 2} }$ at long times, depending on two lifetimes.
Polyethylenimine‐cationized β‐catenin protein transduction activates the Wnt canonical signaling pathway more effectively than cationic lipid‐based transduction
Authors: Kitazoe Midori , Futami Junichiro , Nishikawa Mitsuo , Yamada Hidenori , Maeda Yoshitake 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Wnt canonical signaling pathway is essential for the early development of eukaryotic organisms and plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Moreover, the Wnt canonical signaling pathway contributes to the self‐renewal of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we demonstrate artificial activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway by β‐catenin protein transduction. Constitutively active β‐catenin protein was introduced into human embryonic kidney HEK‐293 cells using a polyethylenimine (PEI) cationization method, or with the BioPORTER protein transduction reagent. We have previously shown that modification with PEI effectively causes proteins to be internalized by living mammalian cells. PEI‐cationized, constitutively active β‐catenin protein was added to HEK‐293 cells, and induction of several Wnt/β‐catenin target genes was detected by real‐time PCR. However, using BioPORTER to introduce active β‐catenin did not activate the Wnt canonical signaling pathway. Introduction of eGFPNuc (enhanced green fluorescent protein variant containing a nuclear localization signal) into HEK‐293 cells using the BioPORTER reagent caused significant cell death, as determined by propidium iodide staining. In contrast, the PEI‐modified eGFPNuc did not impair survival of HEK‐293 cells. These results indicate that the Wnt canonical signaling pathway could be successfully activated by transduction of PEI‐cationized active β‐catenin, and the PEI‐cationization method is an effective and safe technology for protein transduction into mammalian cells.
Characterization of a pectic polysaccharide from the leaves of Diospyros kaki and its modulating activity on lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: Duan Jinyou , Dong Qun , Ding Kan , Fang Jinian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPectin is a group of carbohydrate polymers constructing the primary cell walls and the middle lamella of terrestrial plants. Herein, we demonstrated the structure and immunomodulatory activity of the major pectic polysaccharide DL‐3B2 isolated from the leaves of Diospyros kaki. Based on composition analysis, methylation analysis, two‐step acid hydrolysis, lithium‐mediated selective degradation, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, DL‐3B2 was found to contain an α‐1, 4‐linked galacturonic acid (GalA) backbone with some insertions of α‐1, 2‐linked rhamnose residues. The arabinan‐ and arabinogalactan‐side chains were attached to O‐4 of the rhamnose residues, whereas the linear arabinoxylan was probably linked to O‐3 of the GalA residues. Immunological tests in vitro showed that DL‐3B2 could help stimulate lipopolysaccharide‐induced B lymphocyte proliferation, but not ConA‐induced T lymphocyte proliferation, and that the arabinose residues play a role in maintaining this immunological activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 649–656, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Sub‐population analysis of human cancer vaccine cells—ultra scale‐down characterization of response to shear
Authors: McCoy Ryan , Ward Stephen , Hoare Mike 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe allogeneic whole cell therapy field presents a novel challenge for cell line selection. Large numbers of candidates will he screened for desirable traits including cell growth rates and maintenance of critical product attributes. Screening cell lines for susceptibility to large scale processing conditions has become of increasing importance; innovators do not wish to face the quandary of clinically efficacious cell lines that show poor manufacturability.We have previously described an ultra scale‐down method for assessing the impact of the hydrodynamic environment on human cells (McCoy et al., 2009). This body of work describes the validation of this experimental approach using a second, clinically tested, human prostate cancer cell line and describes an additional level of sub‐population characterisation. The small‐scale conditions set were similar to those expected in downstream process, formulation and vial filling operations with maximum shear rates ranging from 30 × 103 to 90 × 103 s−1(equivalent maximum power dissipation rates of 1.5 × 103 to 14 × 103 W kg−1). Changes to critical cell quality attributes such as membrane integrity retention, cell surface marker staining levels (CD9, CD59, CD147) and cell surface marker density is described.Evaluation of two sub‐populations which are formed in response to shear showed distinct staining profiles. Identification of these phenotypically distinct populations, derived in response to the same hydrodynamic environment, poses an interesting bio‐processing challenge with regards to both maintenance of product quality, but also highlights the potential benefit of process manipulation through shear‐rate intervention with regards to product efficacy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 584–597. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgery alone is adequate treatment for early stage soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Al-Refaie W B , Habermann E B , Jensen E H , Tuttle T M , Pisters P W T , Virnig B A 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Evolving evidence suggests that, in selected patients with tumour category 1 (T1) extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS), surgery alone offers satisfactory results without decreasing survival. This study assessed the effect of sarcoma treatments on survival outcomes of T1 ESTS in a population-based data set.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1618 patients with primary ESTS underwent limb-sparing surgery. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the impact of radiotherapy on overall survival (OS) and sarcoma-specific survival (SSS), adjusting for co-variables.

Results
Some 803 patients (49·6 per cent) underwent surgery alone for T1 ESTS. Radiotherapy in patients with low- and high-grade tumours did not result in any significant difference in OS or SSS. When stratified by grade, multivariable analysis showed that adjuvant radiotherapy was not an independent predictor of SSS (hazard ratio (HR) 1·05; P = 0·906) or OS (HR 0·89; P = 0·695) in low-grade tumours. Neither was radiotherapy a significant predictor of SSS (HR 0·87; P = 0·608) or OS (HR 0·67; P = 0·071) in high-grade tumours.

Conclusion
This population-based appraisal validated previous evidence supporting a role for surgery alone in the treatment of T1 ESTS. Future policies should be tailored to offer patients minimal yet effective therapy, rather than maximum tolerated therapy.
Compliance with enhanced recovery programmes in elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Ahmed J , Khan S , Gatt M , Kallam R , MacFie J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are often criticized for being difficult to implement outside clinical trials. This audit evaluated compliance with an ERAS protocol and compared it with that during a trial.

Methods
Compliance was audited by case-note review of 100 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This was compared with the compliance in a group of 95 patients who participated in a clinical trial.

Results
Fewer patients in the audit group than in the study group received preoperative oral carbohydrate loading (61·0 versus 96 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), a transverse incision (25·0 versus 39 per cent; P = 0·037), early fluid and diet reintroduction (73·0 versus 99 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), and non-opiate postoperative oral analgesia (70·0 versus 99 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Lower non-opiate oral analgesia use in the audit group was not associated with a commensurate increase in opiate use (P = 0·061). There was no difference between groups in length of hospital stay (median (interquartile range) 7 (5–8) versus 6 (5–7) days respectively), septic morbidity or 30-day mortality rates.

Conclusion
Observance to some aspects of the ERAS protocol was lower outside the clinical trial. However, this made little difference to patient outcome.
Mild hypercalcitoninaemia and sporadic thyroid disease
Authors: Cherenko M , Slotema E , Sebag F , De Micco C , Henry J F 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Not operating on patients with mild hypercalcitoninaemia (MHCT) and sporadic thyroid disease carries the risk of omitting curative surgery for medullary thyroid cancer, but systematic surgery would result in unnecessary treatment of benign pathology. This study reviewed the management of MCHT and non-hereditary thyroid disease in one centre.

Methods
MCHT was defined as an increase in basal and stimulated calcitonin levels not exceeding 30 and 200 pg/ml respectively. Over 15 years, 125 patients who presented with MCHT and sporadic thyroid disease were followed. Surgery was indicated only if there were local pressure symptoms or suspicious histomorphological changes in solitary nodules.

Results
Fifty-five patients underwent total thyroidectomy and 18 unilateral total lobectomy. Histological examination revealed medullary microcarcinoma in six patients (two women and four men). C-cell hyperplasia was found in 54 patients (74 per cent) and 13 (18 per cent) harboured no C-cell pathology. Calcitonin levels stabilized after lobectomy and became undetectable following thyroidectomy. They normalized during follow-up in a third of patients who did not have surgery.

Conclusion
Not all patients with MHCT and sporadic thyroid disease require surgery.
Branching patterns of the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and their relationship to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Authors: Olinger Anthony , Benninger Brion 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnatomical variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are common and typically include the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and the posterior circumflex humeral (PCHA) arteries. Previous investigations of single specimen dissections demonstrate numerous variations to axillary artery branching, but the frequency of these occurrences is unclear. This study quantifies the frequency of variant branching of the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, how it they relate to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Axillae of 83 cadavers were dissected to allow examination of the axillary artery and its branches. Data were collected observing the branching pattern of the lateral thoracic, subscapular, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, as well as those branches spatial relationship to the two terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Some of the more common variations included the thoracodorsal artery arising from the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) (7.2%) and the subscapular artery (SSA) arising from the LTA (5.4%). The SSA also produced the LTA (4.2%) and the PCHA (12%). The PCHA also originated from the deep brachial artery (8.4%) and traversed the triangular interval to supply the deltoid muscle. These findings are relevant to both the anatomical and clinical fields as provide evidence as to the frequency of variant axillary artery branching and the potential for neurovascular elements to exist in a location other than their classical anatomical description. Clin. Anat. 23:407–412, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The contribution of the palmaris longus muscle to the strength of thumb abduction
Authors: Gangata Hope , Ndou Robert , Louw Graham 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is described as a weak flexor of the wrist and a tensor of the palmar aponeurosis, but not a thumb abductor. The PLM is believed to aid thumb abduction through its insertion onto the thenar eminence. Two groups, both right hand dominant, were selected from 1,200 sampled participants. The first group comprised of 38 subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM and was used to determine the strength of thumb abduction. The second group comprised of 30 subjects, with bilateral presence of the PLM, and it was used to calculate the effects of hand dominance. A significant number of subjects with bilateral absence of the PLM were observed and undocumented. Using a dynamometer in subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM, the force of thumb abduction was significantly greater on the hand with a PLM than the one without it (P= 0.014), irrespective of hand dominance. In the second sample with bilateral PLM, thumb abduction on the dominant hand was 10% stronger than on the nondominant hand and was similar to the universally accepted average of 10% increase in grip strength of the dominant hand. Thus, 10% was deducted from all the dominant hands, and the force of thumb abduction remained greater on the hand with PLM than the hand without it (P= 0.049). The results of this study demonstrated the PLM to be involved in thumb abduction, and the authors therefore recommend that this action of the muscle be universally accepted by anatomists and hand surgeons. Clin. Anat. 23:431–436, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The frequency of absence of palmaris longus in a South African population of mixed race
Authors: Ndou Robert , Gangata Hope , Mitchell Bontle , Ngcongo Thandeka , Louw Graham 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe palmaris longus (PL) is a weak flexor of the wrist that may be harvested as a tendon graft and used in surgical procedures for reconstructive purposes. The PL is congenitally absent in 15% of the worldwide population. However, the frequency of absence varies considerably among different population groups, being as high as 63.9% in the Turkish population and as low as 3% in the black population in the Republic of Congo. In this study, South African persons of mixed race (n= 201) were assessed by two anatomists for the presence of the PL tendon using three clinical tests, namely the Traditional Test, Mishra's Test II, and the Gangata Test. The most reliable of the three tests used was determined using Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Of the total number of subjects used, 11.5% had absence (either bilaterally or unilaterally) of the PL tendon. There was a 5.5% bilateral absence of the PL. The study revealed that the PL tendon may present in six different patterns according to the clinical assessment tests applied, the presence or absence of the PL alongside the flexor capi radialis, and the degree of prominence of PL, if present. Using the Kendall's coefficient of concordance, the Mishra's Test II, and the Gangata Test, both involving abduction of the thumb, were found to be most effective in revealing the PL. The frequency of absence of the PL in South Africans of mixed race has been determined. Clin. Anat. 23:437–442, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric variations of the 7th cervical vertebrae of Zulu, White, and Colored South Africans
Authors: Kibii Job M. , Pan Rualing , Tobias Phillip V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe 7th cervical vertebrae of 240 cadavers of South African Zulu, White, and Colored population groups were examined to determine morphometric variation. White and Colored females had statistically significant narrower cervical anteroposterior diameters than their male counterparts, whereas no statistically significant difference between sexes of the Zulu population group was observed in this variable. In addition, although Zulu and Colored females had statistically significant narrower cervical transverse diameters than their male counterparts, there was no statistically significant variation between South African white males and females in this respect. The findings indicate that sexual dimorphism is more apparent in the vertebral centrum, across the three population groups, where males had significantly larger dimensions in centrum anteroposterior diameter, height, and width than their female counterparts. The study further reveals that sexual dimorphism is more apparent when one compares aspects of the 7th cervical vertebra between sexes within the same population group. Overall, the dimensions of the various variates of the vertebra are substantially smaller in women than in men. The smaller dimensions, particularly of the centrum, may be the result of lower skeletal mass in women and render them more vulnerable to fractures resulting from compression forces. Clin. Anat. 23:399–406, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.