bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Home Situations Questionnaire‐PDD version: Factor structure and psychometric properties
Authors: Chowdhury M. , Aman M. G. , Scahill L. , Swiezy N. , Arnold L. E. , Lecavalier L. , Johnson C. , Handen B. , Stigler K. , Bearss K. , Sukhodolsky D. , McDougle C. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  The Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ) is a caregiver‐rated scale designed to assess behavioural non‐compliance in everyday settings that has been used in several studies in typically developing children. Currently there is no accepted measure of behavioural non‐compliance in children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).Methods  Investigators of the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network modified the HSQ for children with PDDs by adding five items (making 25 total items), and used it as the primary outcome measure in a clinical trial. In the current investigation, we examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the modified scale, the HSQ‐PDD.Results  An exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotations yielded two factors: ‘Socially Inflexible’ (14 items) and ‘Demand‐Specific’ (six items). Item content of both factors appeared to fit well with the rubric of PDDs. Internal consistency, using Cronbach's alpha statistic, was 0.90 for ‘Socially Inflexible’, and 0.80 for ‘Demand‐Specific.’ The obtained sub‐scales and HSQ‐PDD Total score showed moderate correlations with selected sub‐scales of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory, and Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and low correlations with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior sub‐scales.Conclusions  The HSQ‐PDD appears to be well suited for children with PDDs, although the Demand‐Specific sub‐scale may benefit from addition of more items. We provided sub‐scale means and standard deviations for this relatively severe group of children with PDDs, and discussed the factor structure with respect to previous research.
Synchronous hepatic, mesenteric and pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Al Hussain T. , Haleem A , Alsaad K. O. 
Published: February 2010

Al Hussain T, Haleem A, Alsaad KO. Synchronous hepatic, mesenteric and pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors in a renal transplant recipient. Clin Transplant 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01206.x  © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV‐SMT) are distinct lesions that occur in immunocompromised patients. EBV‐SMT following solid organ transplantation are rare and generally have an indolent biological behavior. Post‐transplant EBV‐SMT have been reported in various anatomical locations. This report describes a synchronous and multicentric development of EBV‐SMT in liver, mesentery, and lung of a 33‐yr‐old male patient, 10 yr after a deceased allograft renal transplantation. The hepatic and mesenteric tumors were available for study. These tumors were composed of bland looking, desmin‐positive, spindle‐shaped cells which showed a strong nuclear staining for EBV with in situ hybridization technique. A literature review of post solid organ transplant EBV‐SMT in the liver and lung, particularly regarding their pathogenesis, synchronicity and biological behavior would be provided.
Cost‐effectiveness of screening for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation
Authors: Ladabaum Uri , Cheng Shan L. , Yao Francis Y. , Roberts John P. 
Published: February 2010

Ladabaum U, Cheng SL, Yao FY, Roberts JP. Cost‐effectiveness of screening for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 283–291. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The effectiveness of screening and treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the potential cost‐effectiveness of screening for recurrent HCC after LT. We constructed a Markov model of the natural history after LT for HCC. We superimposed screening with computed tomography, alpha‐fetoprotein, and chest X‐ray every six months for 1–5 yr after LT, with resection for treatable recurrence. Screening only those whose explant pathology exceeded Milan Criteria (MC) for two yr cost $138 000/life‐yr gained, and the incremental cost of screening all patients was $340 000/life‐yr gained. Screening for longer than two yr incurred progressively higher incremental costs/life‐yr gained. The most critical variable in sensitivity analyses was the survival benefit of finding a resectable recurrence. With the most favorable assumptions for a two‐yr screening duration, screening those whose explant pathology exceeded MC cost $91 000/life‐yr gained. In conclusion, screening for HCC recurrence after LT would probably yield most of its benefit in the first two yr, but at a relatively high cost/life‐yr gained. Screening for two yr in only those whose explant pathology exceeds MC may be relatively cost‐effective depending on the survival benefit of resection.
The role of phenotypic plasticity in responses of hunted thinhorn sheep ram horn growth to changing climate conditions
Authors: LOEHR J. , CAREY J. , O’HARA R. B. , HIK D. S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhen phenotypic change occurs over time in wildlife populations, it can be difficult to determine to what degree it is because of genetic effects or phenotypic plasticity. Here, we assess phenotypic changes over time in horn length and volume of thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli) rams from Yukon Territory, Canada. We considered 42 years of horn growth from over 50 000 growth measurements in over 8000 individuals. We found that weather explained a large proportion of the annual fluctuation in horn growth, being particularly sensitive to spring weather. Only 2.5% of variance in horn length growth could be explained by an individual effect, and thus any genetic changes over the time period could only have had a small effect on phenotypes. Our findings allow insight into the capacity for horn morphology to react to selection pressures and demonstrate the overall importance of climate in determining growth.
The effects of caudal or intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine in children
Authors: AKIN AYNUR , OCALAN SERIFE , ESMAOGLU ALIYE , BOYACI ADEM 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground:  Clonidine is used increasingly in pediatric anesthesia practice to prolong the duration of action of caudal block with a local anesthetic agent. Which route of administration of clonidine is the most beneficial remains unknown. We compared the effects of caudal and intravenous clonidine on postoperative analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine.Methods:  Sixty ASA I and II children, aged 2–8  undergoing inguinal hernia repair or orchidopexy surgery received standardized premedication with midazolam and general anesthesia. The children were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to three groups. Group L (n = 20) patients received 0.75 ml·kg−1 of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine and i.v. 5 ml saline, Group L‐Ccau (n = 20) patients received 0.75 ml·kg−1 of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine + 2 μg·kg−1 clonidine and i.v. 5 ml saline, Group L‐Civ (n = 20) patients received 0.75 ml·kg−1 of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine and i.v. 2 μg·kg−1 clonidine in 5 ml of saline. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and end‐tidal carbon dioxide values were recorded. Postoperative pain [Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS) score], sedation (Ramsay Sedation Scale) and motor blockade (Modified Bromage Scale) were assessed at predetermined time points during the first 24 h after surgery.Results:  Caudal clonidine significantly delayed the time to first rescue analgesic and fewer patients required rescue analgesia in the 24 h after surgery. No motor block was observed in any of the three groups on awakening or during the study period. In Group L‐Ccau, the CHIPPS score was lower than in Group L at all times through 240 min (P < 0.05), while the pain scores were lower in Group L‐Civ only at extubation and at 240 min (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Caudal clonidine prolongs the duration of analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine without causing significant side effects and this is because of a spinal mode of action.
The Chronicles of Electronic Commerce: Reverse Domain Name Hijacking under the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy
Authors: Zainol Zinatul A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReverse Domain Name Hijacking is a unique concept under the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy. Its main purpose is to protect domain name registrants against unjustified claims of overreaching trademark rights by allowing domain name registrants, in some limited circumstances to retort against trademark owners.
Risk of high‐level viraemia in HIV‐infected patients on successful antiretroviral treatment for more than 6 months
Authors: Engsig FN , Omland LH , Larsen MV , Rasmussen LD , Qvist T , Gerstoft J , Obel N 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesAccording to the Swiss Federal Commission for HIV/AIDS, HIV‐infected patients on successful antiretroviral treatment have a negligible risk of transmitting HIV sexually. We estimated the risk that patients considered to have an undetectable viral load (VL) are actually viraemic.MethodsA Danish, population‐based nationwide cohort study of HIV‐infected patients with VL <51 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL for more than 6 months was carried out for the study period 2000–2008. The observation time was calculated from 6 months after the first VL <51 copies/mL to the last measurement of VL or the first VL >50 copies/mL. The time at risk of transmitting HIV sexually was calculated as 50% of the time from the last VL <51 copies/mL to the subsequent VL if it was >1000 copies/mL. The outcome was the time at risk of transmitting HIV sexually divided by the observation time.ResultsWe identified 2680 study subjects contributing 9347.7 years of observation time and 56.4 years of risk of transmitting HIV (VL>1000 copies/mL). In 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5–0.8%] of the overall observation time the patients had VL >1000 copies/mL. In the first 6 months this risk was substantially higher (7.9%; 95% CI 4.5–11.0%), but thereafter decreased and was almost negligible after 5 years (0.03%; 95% CI 0.0–0.2%). The risk was higher in injecting drug users, but otherwise did not differ between subgroups of patients.ConclusionThe risk of viraemia and therefore the risk of transmitting HIV sexually are high in the first 12 months of successful antiretroviral treatment, but thereafter are low.
Exercising choice and control – women with learning disabilities and contraception
Authors: McCarthy Michelle 
Published: February 2010

Accessible summary

This project was about contraception. Contraception is the things people use to stop a woman from getting pregnant.
We spoke to 23 women with learning disabilities and 162 doctors wrote to us.
Sometimes women with learning disabilities made their own decisions, but mostly it was other people who decided for them.
We suggest some ways to help women with learning disabilities get more information and be helped to decide for themselves.

SummaryThis research project used semi‐structured in‐depth interviews to ask women with learning disabilities about the experience of being prescribed contraception. It also asked general practitioners about their prescribing practices through a postal survey. A service user group was involved at different stages of the project. Most of the women reported that it was other people who made the key decisions about starting to use contraception and which method to use. Both the women and the doctors said they liked having a third party (staff member or relative) present for the consultations. Many of the doctors were unclear about responding to issues of capacity to consent to treatment. An accessible research summary was produced to make the process and findings of the research available to the women with learning disabilities who took part in the study, as well as to any others who were interested (see Disability and Society, 24, 357–371, 2009). In the interests of disseminating that accessible report as widely as possible, extracts are included in this article, and the full version is available from the author.
Structural brain abnormalities in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Brieber Sarah , Neufang Susanne , Bruning Nicole , Kamp‐Becker Inge , Remschmidt Helmut , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Fink Gereon R. , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two distinct neurodevelopmental diseases, they share behavioural, neuropsychological and neurobiological characteristics. For the identification of endophenotypes across diagnostic categories, further investigations of phenotypic overlap between ADHD and autism at the behavioural, neurocognitive, and brain levels are needed.Methods:  We examined regional grey matter differences and similarities in children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD in comparison to healthy controls using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel‐based morphometry.Results:  With regard to clinical criteria, the clinical groups did not differ with respect to ADHD symptoms; however, only patients with ASD showed deficits in social communication and interaction, according to parental rating. Structural abnormalities across both clinical groups compared to controls became evident as grey matter reductions in the left medial temporal lobe and as higher grey matter volumes in the left inferior parietal cortex. In addition, autism‐specific brain abnormalities were found as increased grey matter volume in the right supramarginal gyrus.Conclusions:  While the shared structural deviations in the medial temporal lobe might be attributed to an unspecific delay in brain development and might be associated with memory deficits, the structural abnormalities in the inferior parietal lobe may correspond to attentional deficits observed in both ASD and ADHD. By contrast, the autism‐specific grey matter abnormalities near the right temporo‐parietal junction may be associated with impaired ‘theory of mind’ abilities. These findings shed some light on both similarities and differences in the neurocognitive profiles of ADHD and ASD patients.
Thickened saliva after effective management of drooling with botulinum toxin A
Authors: ERASMUS CORRIE E , VAN HULST KAREN , VAN DEN HOOGEN FRANK JA , VAN LIMBEEK JACQUES , ROELEVELD NEL , VEERMAN ENNO CI , ROTTEVEEL JAN J , JONGERIUS PETER H 
Published: February 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological properties of saliva after submandibular botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) injections.Method  We enrolled 15 children (11 males and six females; age range 3–17y, mean age 9y 10mo) diagnosed with spastic (n=9) or dyskinetic (n=6) quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP); Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV or V; and two children with intellectual disability (IQ <70) who experienced moderate to severe drooling. Salivary flow rate and drooling quotient were measured at baseline and at different times after BoNT‐A injections up to 24 weeks. The mucin concentration of saliva was analysed before and after BoNT‐A treatment.Results  Both submandibular salivary flow rate (baseline 0.38mL/min; 24wks after injection 0.26mL/min) and drooling quotient (baseline 42.5%; 24wks 28.80%) were substantially reduced, with a concomitant increase in mucin concentration within 8 weeks after BoNT‐A injection (from 0.612 to 1.830U/mL). The parents of nine children observed thickened saliva. Swallowing and chewing were problematic in seven children. Two of these children needed treatment with mucolytics because of pooling of thickened saliva in the throat.Interpretation  When making decisions about the use of BoNT‐A, the risk of problems with masticatory and swallowing functions as a result of thickening of saliva after BoNT‐A treatment should be taken into account.
Examining the link between working memory behaviour and academic attainment in children with ADHD
Authors: ALLOWAY TRACY PACKIAM , GATHERCOLE SUSAN E , ELLIOTT JULIAN 
Published: February 2010

Aim  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether behaviours typical of working memory problems are associated with poor academic attainment in those with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as a non‐clinical group identified on the basis of working memory difficulties.Method  Children clinically diagnosed with ADHD‐combined (n=31; mean age 9y 7mo, SD 12mo; 27 males) were matched with 44 low working memory children (mean age 9y 4mo, SD 15mo; 32 males) and 10 healthy controls (mean age 10y, SD 12mo; 5 males). Working memory behaviour was measured using the Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) and academic attainment was assessed with standardized tests of literacy and numeracy.Results  The majority of children considered by their teachers to have problematic behaviours performed poorly in literacy and numeracy. When the whole sample were split into two groups on the basis of their working memory behaviour (on the WMRS), the ‘At Risk’ group performed significantly worse in academic attainment.Interpretation  As children with ADHD and a non‐clinical group exhibit classroom behaviour typical of working memory problems, early screening to prevent subsequent learning difficulties is important. The use of the WMRS allows educators to draw on their expertise in the classroom for early detection of children with working memory failures.
Indications and effects of botulinum toxin A for obstetric brachial plexus injury: a systematic literature review
Authors: GOBETS DAVID , BECKERMAN HELEEN , GROOT VINCENT de , VAN DOORN‐LOOGMAN MIRIAM H , BECHER JULES G 
Published: February 2010

Aim  To give an overview of indications for the use of botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) treatment for children with obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI), and to present the best available evidence of the effectiveness of this treatment.Method  Searches were performed in Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, using the keywords ‘botulinum’ and ‘plexus’, to identify articles reporting on the use of BoNT‐A as a treatment for children with OBPI. Studies found through the references of related articles were also selected.Results  Ten full‐text papers and six congress abstracts were included, involving 343 children. Four groups of indications could be identified: internal rotation/adduction contracture of the shoulder, limited active elbow flexion, limited active elbow extension, and pronation contracture of the lower arm. Overall, positive results were reported for all except the indication for limited active elbow extension. However, only one study was comparative in nature; all others were classified as having a low level of evidence. There was a large variation in outcome measures.Interpretation  To provide better evidence for the already partly promising results of BoNT‐A treatment for children with OBPI, multicentre randomized controlled trials are needed.
Precision and content range of a parent‐reported item bank assessing lower extremity and mobility skills in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: GORTON III GEORGE E , WATSON KYLE , TUCKER CAROLE A , TIAN FENG , MONTPETIT KATHLEEN , HALEY STEPHEN M , MULCAHEY MARY J 
Published: February 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties, content range, and measurement precision of a lower extremity physical functioning and mobility skills item bank (LE85) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Lower extremity functioning and mobility skill items were administered to 308 parents of children (169 males, 139 females; mean age 10y 8mo, SD 4y) with spastic CP (145 diplegia, 73 hemiplegia, 89 quadriplegia; [for one person type of CP was unknown]) classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (75 level I, 91 level II, 79 level III, 37 level IV, 26 level V). Additional legacy measures were administered to assess concurrent validity. Psychometric characteristics, differential item functioning, content range, and score precision were examined.Results  The LE85 had acceptable psychometric properties. Content range matched the ability range of the sample population and exceeded legacy measures with minimal differential item functioning. The LE85 had good correlation with the Paediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, Functional Independence Measure for Children, Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire, and Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory – CP module (range r=0.63–0.86). Precision of the LE85 and 10‐item simulated computer adaptive test scores outperformed legacy measures.Interpretation  The LE85 appears to be suitable to administer as a computer adaptive test to measure lower extremity physical functioning and mobility in children with CP.
Moving beyond static species distribution models in support of conservation biogeography
Authors: Franklin Janet 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim To demonstrate that multi‐modelling methods have effectively been used to combine static species distribution models (SDM), predicting the geographical pattern of suitable habitat, with dynamic landscape and population models to forecast the impacts of environmental change on species’ status, an important goal of conservation biogeography.Methods Three approaches were considered: (1) incorporating models of species migration to understand the ability of a species to occupy suitable habitat in new locations; (2) linking models of landscape disturbance and succession to models of habitat suitability; and (3) fully linking models of habitat suitability, habitat dynamics and spatially explicit population dynamics.Results Linking species–environment relationships, landscape dynamics and population dynamics in a multi‐modelling framework allows the combined impacts of climate change (affecting species distribution and vital rates) and land cover dynamics (land use change, altered disturbance regimes) on species to be predicted. This approach is only feasible if the life history parameters and habitat requirements of the species are well understood.Main conclusions Forecasts of the impacts of global change on species may be improved by considering multiple causes. A range of methods are available to address the interactions of changing habitat suitability, habitat dynamics and population response that vary in their complexity, realism and data requirements.
Genetic risk perception and reproductive decision making among people with epilepsy
Authors: Helbig Katherine L. , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Conway Laura J. , Valverde Kathleen D. , Helbig Ingo , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryWe investigated estimated offspring risk among people with epilepsy and factors important in the family‐planning process. Data were collected for 88 participants using a questionnaire assessing perceived risk of offspring to develop epilepsy, importance of factors in the reproductive decision‐making process, decision to have fewer children, and association between risk perception and family planning decisions. Thirty‐four percent of participants had fewer children because of their epilepsy. Concerns about the ability to care for a child (p < 0.0001) and passing epilepsy onto a child (p = 0.003) were associated with the decision to have fewer children. The mean estimated risk of offspring to develop epilepsy was 26%, a 4‐fold increase over estimated population risks. Genetic counseling may be beneficial for people with epilepsy, given the considerable overestimation of offspring risk.