bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detached eddy simulation on the turbulent flow in a stirred tank
Authors: Gimbun J. , Rielly C. D. , Nagy Z. K. , Derksen J. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA detached eddy simulation (DES), a large‐eddy simulation (LES), and a k‐ε‐based Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) calculation on the single phase turbulent flow in a fully baffled stirred tank, agitated by a Rushton turbine is presented. The DES used here is based on the Spalart‐Allmaras turbulence model solved on a grid containing about a million control volumes. The standard k‐ε and LES were considered here for comparison purposes. Predictions of the impeller‐angle‐resolved and time‐averaged turbulent flow have been evaluated and compared with data from laser doppler anemometry measurements. The effects of the turbulence model on the predictions of the mean velocity components and the turbulent kinetic energy are most pronounced in the (highly anisotropic) trailing vortex core region, with specifically DES performing well. The LES—that was performed on the same grid as the DES—appears to lack resolution in the boundary layers on the surface of the impeller. The findings suggest that DES provides a more accurate prediction of the features of the turbulent flows in a stirred tank compared with RANS‐based models and at the same time alleviates resolution requirements of LES close to walls. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3224–3241, 2012
State and specific growth estimation in heterologous protein production by Pichia pastoris
Authors: Barrigón José M. , Ramon Ramon , Rocha Isabel , Valero Francisco , Ferreira Eugénio C. , Montesinos José L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEstimation of biomass, substrate, and specific growth rate (μ) by two nonlinear observers (nonlinear observer‐based estimator—NLOBE, asymptotic observer with second‐order dynamics tuning—AO‐SODE) and a linear estimator (recursive least squares with variable forgetting factor—RLS‐VFF) is presented. Heterologous protein production in Pichia pastoris PAOX1 (Mut+) and PFLD1‐based systems is closely related to μ and has been addressed due to its high relevance in modern biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. μ was estimated by online gas analyses or substrate measurements, biomass, and substrate considering yield coefficients and mass balances. In simulation studies, NLOBE showed high sensitivity to tuning and initialization variables. Validation experiments demonstrated AO‐SODE performs better than the RLS‐VFF for moderate to rapid changes of μ and model parameters being known. If low changes on μ are presented, for instance, in substrate regulation, RLS‐VFF comes up as the best option, because of its reduced requirements. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2966–2979, 2012
The diagnostic value of biopsy of small peripheral lymph nodes in patients with suspected lymphoma
Authors: Baron Beverly W. , Baron Joseph M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn a patient with suspected lymphoma, it is considered desirable to confirm the diagnosis by excisional biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes. However, sometimes the ideal nodes are positioned internally, requiring a deep invasive procedure for access, or the patient may have underlying medical conditions that make it risky to perform such an invasive procedure. Under a protocol approved by our institution's review board (IRB), we reviewed five patients in whom superficial lymph nodes were biopsied which were smaller than usually considered optimal for diagnosis (=2 cm). In each of these cases, the biopsy yielded diagnostic information upon which treatment could be based, sparing the patient a deep invasive procedure. We suggest that in situations in which large internal lymph nodes are not easily accessible and/or the patient's clinical situation precludes more invasive procedures, including deep core needle biopsy of a large mass, it is worthwhile to consider the removal of smaller, superficial lymph nodes with minimal risk which may suffice for diagnosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A male newborn with VACTERL association and Fanconi anemia with a FANCB deletion detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)
Authors: Umaña Luis A. , Magoulas Pilar , Bi Weimin , Bacino Carlos A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on a male newborn with multiple congenital abnormalities consistent with the diagnosis of VACTERL association (vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheo‐esophageal fistula, renal, and limb anomalies), who had Fanconi anemia (complementation group B) recognized by the detection of a deletion in chromosome Xp22.2 using an oligonucleotide array. The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia was confirmed by increased chromosomal breakage abnormalities observed in cultured cells that were treated with cross‐linking agents. This is the first report in the literature of Fanconi anemia complementation group B detected by oligonucleotide array testing postnatally. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A de novo 3.54 Mb deletion of 17q22‐q23.1 associated with hydrocephalus: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Khattab Mona , Xu Fang , Li Peining , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe describe a female newborn with a de novo 3.54 megabase (Mb) deletion of 17q22‐q23.1 (chr17:53,072,536–56,612,662, hg18) including genes from MSI2 to BCAS3 detected by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Prenatal ultrasound examination noted oligohydramnios and ventriculomegaly in the fetus. Postnatal examination found hypotonia, macrocephaly, arachnodactyly of fingers and toes, dysmorphic features, bilateral hearing loss and heart defect. Review of reported cases with genomic findings noted one case with proximal deletion involving the NOG gene and a case series with distal recurrent microdeletions involving the TBX2 and TBX4 genes. Our case presented a unique deletion partially overlapped with the above deletions but not including the NOG, TBX2, and TBX4 genes. A genomic map for deletions in this 17q22‐q23.1 region was constructed to further define the common deletion intervals for potential haplo‐insufficient genes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel Xp22.11 deletion causing a syndrome of craniosynostosis and periventricular nodular heterotopia
Authors: van Kogelenberg Margriet , Lerone Margherita , De Toni Teresa , Divizia Maria T. , de Brouwer Arjan P.M. , Veltman Joris A. , van Bokhoven Hans , Robertson Stephen P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on a follow‐up evaluation of a male with a phenotype including craniosynostosis, periventricular nodular heterotopia, and neurodevelopmental delay. He was initially assigned a clinical diagnosis of Fontaine–Farriaux syndrome (FFS) as an infant although now, with improved delineation of this entity, it is evident that this diagnosis is not applicable to this individual. Array comparative genomic hybridization has demonstrated a 300 kb interstitial deletion on Xp22.11 affecting all or part of three annotated genes, ZFX, PDK3, and PCYT1B in this subject. The deletion was inherited from the phenotypically normal mother who also exhibited markedly skewed X‐inactivation. These findings implicate hemizygosity for one or all three of these genes as the cause of this phenotype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Objective assessment of nasality in flemish adults with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Cosyns Marjan , Mortier Geert , Janssens Sandra , Claes Kathleen , Van Borsel John 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen characterizing the speech of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), hypernasality is often mentioned. As few studies applied technically assisted evaluations of nasality in NF1 patients, the aim of the present study was to document the nasal resonance of adults with NF1 using nasometry. The nasometric data obtained from the NF1 patients were compared with the nasalance scores of a healthy control group and with normative data. The final study group consisted of 24 adult NF1 patients and 16 controls, all living in the East Flemish part of Belgium. Nasalance scores were obtained while the participants sustained three vowels (/a:/, /i./, and /u./) and one consonant (/m/) and read three standard nasalance passages. Despite the inter‐ and intra‐subject variability, we observed that NF1 patients as a group exhibited higher mean nasalance scores than controls. This finding was especially clear in males. Potential genotype–phenotype correlations between NF1 mutation type and hypernasality were examined but could not be demonstrated. Conversely, comparison of the nasometric data obtained from the NF1 patients with magnetic resonance imaging findings showed some degree of interesting correlation. We conclude that, notwithstanding the small sample size for some analyses, nasality is an area of interest in the NF1 population. As altered nasality influences speech intelligibility, nasality requires attention during follow‐up visits, particularly when it concerns a male NF1 patient. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe neonatal‐onset panniculitis in a female infant with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Sakthivel Muthukumar , Hughes Stephen M. , Riley Phil , Arkwright Peter D. , Mukherjee Anindya , Ramsden Simon , Urquhart Jill , Crow Yanick J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe panniculitides are a group of heterogeneous inflammatory diseases involving the subcutaneous fat, the pathogenesis of which is poorly understood. Here, we report on a female infant with Prader–Willi syndrome who developed a systemic inflammatory disorder in the neonatal period demonstrating recurrent panniculitis as a prominent feature. This is the second report of an association between Prader–Willi syndrome and panniculitis. Such an association might be explained by the unmasking of a recessive allele as a consequence of hemizygosity, in the case of a 15q11 deletion, or homozygosity, in the case of maternal isodisomy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compound heterozygous mutations in PYCR1 further expand the phenotypic spectrum of De Barsy syndrome
Authors: Lin Dar‐Shong , Chang Jui‐Hsing , Liu Hsuan‐Liang , Wei Chin‐Hung , Yeung Chun‐Yan , Ho Che‐Sheng , Shu Chyong‐Hsin , Chiang Ming‐Fu , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Huang Yu‐Wen , Wu Tsu‐Yen , Jian Yuan‐Ren , Huang Zon‐Darr , Lin Shuan‐Pei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDe Barsy syndrome (DBS) is characterized by progeroid features, ophthalmological abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation, and cutis laxa. Recently, PYCR1 mutations were identified in cutis laxa with progeroid features. Herein, we report on a DBS patient born to a nonconsanguineous Chinese family. The exceptional observation of congenital glaucoma, aortic root dilatation, and idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in this patient widened the range of symptoms that have been noted in DBS. Mutation analysis of PYCR1 revealed compound heterozygous PYCR1 mutations, including a p.P115fsX7 null mutation allele and a second allele with two missense mutations in cis: p.G248E and p.G297R. The effect of mutation results in a reduction of PYCR1 mRNA expression and PYCR1 protein expression in skin fibroblasts from the patient. The findings presented here suggest a mutation screening of PYCR1 and cardiovascular survey in patients with DBS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soft PVC foams: Study of the gelation, fusion and foaming processes. III. Mixed phthalate ester plasticizers
Authors: Zoller Agnes , Marcilla Antonio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe foaming of PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) plastisols is a complex combination of simultaneous processes, involving the curing and structural changes of the plastisol, the gas generation and the foam formation. Our comprehensive study of such processes and of the influence of plasticizer on the foam quality has shown that all the processes involved have to be adequately synchronized to obtain foams of the required quality. A series of plastisols prepared by mixing a high and a low compatible phthalate ester plasticizer in several proportions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 ratios) has been studied and characterized (by means of rheology, calorimetry, thermal stability, thermomechanical properties, density, and foam morphology), to study the influence of the plasticizer in such processes with changing compatibility. We found expectable rheological and calorimetric behavior regarding the plastisols without curing; however we experienced nonlinear (unexpected) behaviors in cases of foams and plastisols being cured. To confirm such behavior and our hypothesis regarding the possible plasticizer evaporation, the thermal stability of the plastisols, precured samples and foams have been studied by themorgravimetric analysis (TGA). According to our results it can be deduced that the plasticizer loss occurring in some cases during the production of the foams or the specimens being characterized, plays an important role in the foaming process and also influences the foam quality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Structure and properties of amine‐hardened epoxy/benzoxazine hybrids: Effect of epoxy resin functionality
Authors: Grishchuk S. , Schmitt S. , Vorster O. C. , Karger‐Kocsis J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBifunctional, trifunctional, and tetrafunctional epoxy resins (EP) were hardened with stoichiometric amount of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane in presence and absence of benzoxazine (BOX). The EP/BOX ratio of the hybrid systems was 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 wt %, respectively. Information on the structure of the hybrid systems was received from differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy, and fractographic studies. The flexural and fracture mechanical properties of the EP/BOX hybrids were determined and compared to those of the reference EPs. The thermal degradation and fire resistance of the hybrids were also studied. It was found that the polymerized BOX was built in the network in from of nanoscale inclusions and acted as antiplasticizer. Incorporation of BOX enhanced the flexural modulus and strength and reduced the glass transition temperature of the parent EP. The fracture toughness and energy were practically not improved by hybridization with BOX. The charring and flame resistance were improved with increasing amount of BOX in the EP/BOX hybrids. The relative improvement in the latter was most prominent for the bifunctional EP/BOX systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Low‐temperature synthesis of nano‐to‐submicron size organo‐zinc oxide and its effect on properties of polybutadiene rubber
Authors: Maiti Madhuchhanda , Vaghasia Avani , Jasra Raksh Vir 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNano‐to‐submicron sized particles of zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized by low temperature hydrolysis method. Organo‐ZnO was also synthesized by the aforementioned method in presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG‐2000). The synthesized ZnO particles were characterized by infra‐red spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR showed that PEG was present on the ZnO surface. Organo‐ZnO exhibited floral‐shape morphology consisting of concentric nanorods. The average diameter of the nanorods was ∼ 250 nm as evident from SEM. TEM showed that the nanorods were made of ∼ 50 nm sized small particles. UV‐absorbance property of ZnO was unaltered even after organic coating. Curing, physico‐mechanical and thermal properties of polybutadiene rubber compounded with organo‐ZnO were compared with those of standard commercial rubber grade ZnO and nano‐ZnO prepared by high and low temperature methods. The cure‐characteristics were studied with the help of moving die rheometer as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Crosslink‐density measurement along the DSC vulcanization exotherm showed better cure efficiency of organo‐ZnO. Organo‐ZnO containing compound exhibited better mechanical and thermal properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Recovery of alcohols from water using polydimethylsiloxane–silica nanocomposite membranes: Characterization and pervaporation performance
Authors: Shirazi Yaser , Ghadimi Ali , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDifferent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by incorporating various contents of nanosized silica particles to improve the PDMS pervaporation (PV) performance. A uniform dispersion of silica nanoparticles in the PDMS membranes was obtained. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that surface roughness increases by incorporating silica, and this decreases absorption of penetrants on the membrane. Swelling studies showed that the presence of silica nanoparticles into the PDMS membranes decreases degree of swelling, which can be attributed to rigidification of the PDMS matrix. Additionally, the results revealed that helium permeability decreases through the nanocomposite membranes, due to the more polymer chains packing. Effects of silica on recovery of isopropanol (IPA) from water mixtures were also investigated. Based on the results, incorporating silica nanoparticles promotes significantly the PDMS membrane selectivity because the polymer chains are rigidified and also the polymer free volume decreases. However, permeation flux decreases as diffusion of the penetrants reduces in the presence of silica nanoparticles within the PDMS membranes. As PV performance depends on operating conditions, effects of feed composition, and temperature were also studied. Moreover, recoveries of IPA, ethanol, and methanol from water mixtures were compared using the PDMS‐silica nanocomposite membranes. The results demonstrated that polarity and solubility of alcohols affect permeation flux and selectivity resulting in the higher permeation flux and selectivity for IPA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Emulsion polymerization using NaPSS‐b‐PS as a cosurfactant
Authors: Chu Hou‐Hsein , Liou Ling‐Shih , Chuang Kuang Sein 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA NaPSS‐b‐PS was prepared via a two‐stage stable free‐radical polymerization using a mixture of ethylene glycol and water as the medium. Styrene emulsion polymerization was conducted using a mixture of NaPSS‐b‐PS and SDS. Results showed that there is little aggregation among particles. Two other NaPSSs with different sulfonation fractions were also compared. Comparisons were made using relationships, such as
$ {\overline n} $
versus Dv, chain growing time versus SDS content, and Dv versus SDS content. Characteristic behaviors of various NaPSSs on entry were revealed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrical resistance measurement methods and electrical characterization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐coated conductive fibers
Authors: Bashir Tariq , Fast Lars , Skrifvars Mikael , Persson Nils‐Krister 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTextile fibers and yarns of high conductivity, and their integration into wearable textiles for different electronic applications, have become an important research field for many research groups throughout the world. We have produced novel electrically conductive textile yarns by vapor‐phase polymerization (VPP) of a conjugated polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), on the surface of commercially available textile yarns (viscose). In this article, we have presented a novel setup for electrical resistance measurements, which can be used not only for fibrous structures but also for woven structures of specific dimensions. We have reported a two‐point resistance‐measuring method using an already manufactured setup and also a comparison with the conventionally used method (so‐called crocodile clip method). We found that the electrical properties of PEDOT‐coated viscose fibers strongly depend on the concentration of oxidant (FeCl3) and the doping (oxidation) process of PEDOT. To evaluate the results, we used mass specific resistance values of PEDOT‐coated viscose yarns instead of normal surface resistance values. The voltage–current (V–I) characteristics support the ohmic behavior of coated fibers to some extent. Monitoring of the charging effect of the flow of current through conductive fibers for prolonged periods of time showed that conductivity remains constant. The change in electrical resistance values with increase in the length of coated fibers was also reported. The resistance‐measuring setup employed could also be used for continuous measurement of resistance in the production of conductive fibers, as well as for four‐point resistance measurement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
An investigation of scratch testing of silicone elastomer coatings with a thickness gradient
Authors: Kohl James G. , Randall Nicholas X. , Schwarzer Norbert , Ngo Truc T. , Michael Shockley J. , Nair Rahul P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSilicone elastomer coatings are currently being investigated as foul release coatings on ships hulls. Previous tests on silicone duplex elastomer coatings used a progressive load scratch test. It has been shown that the durability of uniform silicone duplex elastomer coatings is a function of thickness, indentation modulus, and stylus and that the failure mechanism depended on coating thickness and stylus. When applying silicone coatings to a ship's hull, there are regions on the ship where the coating is not uniform. This article investigates the effect of a thickness gradient on the durability of a single layer silicone elastomer coating. In these tests, a constant normal load was used as the stylus moved transversely to the surface. It was found that when the scratch test started in the silicone coating and proceeded in the direction of decreasing coating thickness (“Elastomer to Metal”), there was first a scratch tract followed by the initiation of detachment of the coating, then by gross detachment of the coating. When the scratch started on the exposed aluminum surface and proceeded into the silicone in the direction of increasing coating thickness (“Metal to Elastomer”), there was first gross detachment of the coating, followed by recovery (i.e., silicone coating is intact) and a scratch tract into the silicone. It was also found that the coefficient of friction was much higher in the silicone when the scratch test was going in the direction of decreasing coating thickness as opposed to the scratch test going in the opposite direction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012