bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alveolar Bone Grafting on Nasal Morphology, Symmetry, and Nostril Shape of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Sander Melissa , Daskalogiannakis John , Tompson Bryan , Forrest Christopher 
Published: February 2010

Objective To evaluate nasal morphology, symmetry, and nostril shape in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate following mixed-dentition alveolar bone grafting. Design Prospective stereophotogrammetric study. Setting Hospital-based. Patients Thirty-nine patients with a history of repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate who received an iliac crest alveolar bone graft were recruited prospectively to participate in the study. Each patient served as his/her own control. Interventions Partial facial impressions of all patients were acquired before and a minimum of 6 months after the alveolar bone grafting procedure. Image acquisition and analysis of the casts constructed from these models were carried out using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. Main Outcome Measures Surface-based registrations and linear measurements were performed to assess nasal morphology and nostril shape. A modified Procrustes technique was used to determine the change in nasal symmetry. A two-tailed, paired t test and an analysis of covariance were used to assess statistical significance. Results Significant side-to-side asymmetry exists in the nasal region of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, both before and after alveolar bone grafting. No significant changes were observed between pre–alveolar bone graft and post–alveolar bone graft images based on linear measurements, asymmetry scores, and registrations. Gender and surgeon were not significant factors. Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, mixed-dentition alveolar bone grafting appears to have no significant long-term effect on nasal morphology, symmetry, or nostril shape.
Association between TGFB3 and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or Without Cleft Palate in a Chilean Population
Authors: Suazo José , Santos José Luis , Scapoli Luca , Jara Lilian , Blanco Rafael 
Published: February 2010

Objective To assess the possible association between TGFB3 allele variants and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Chilean population. Design In our study we used a case-parents trios design. The sample consisted of 150 unrelated trios ascertained through probands affected with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Three TGFB3 polymorphisms were analyzed (rs2268626, rs2268625, and rs3917201). An allele/haplotype transmission disequilibrium test was used to evaluate the possible genotype-phenotype association. Results An overtransmission from parents to affected progeny was observed for the A allele of rs3917201 ( p = .03) and for the rs2268625-rs3917201 A-A haplotype ( p = .022). A defect of transmission of rs2268625-rs3917201 G-G haplotype ( p = .022) was observed also. Conclusions Allelic and haplotypic associations implicate a possible role of TGFB3 in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Chilean population. Additional studies are needed in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms that can explain the role of TGFB3 genetic variants in the condition.
BCK-monoids
Authors: Subrahmanyam N. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We generalize the notions of a pseudo BCK-algebra and a residuated lattice by introducing, respectively, extended BCK-algebras and BCK-monoids, and prove a decomposition theorem for BCK-monoids, generalising a decomposition theorem of Galatos and Tsinakis for GBL-algebras. Also, we specialise this theorem to hoop monoids and Wajsberg monoids, which generalize, respectively, GBL-algebras and GMV-algebras. Finally, we include a discussion on Iséki monoids, which extend the concept of left pseudo Iséki algebras of Iorgulescu.
On lattice embeddings of a lattice into its intervals
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In connection with his investigation of convexities generated by fractal lattices, Czédli formulated a conjecture concerning lattice embeddings of a lattice into its intervals. In the present note we modify the conditions from Czédli’s conjecture; we consider only intervals having more than two elements. Further, we prove the validity of Czédli’s conjecture.
Asymptotic formulas for nonoscillatory solutions of conditionally oscillatory half-linear equations
Authors: Pátíková Zuzana 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We establish asymptotic formulas for nonoscillatory solutions of a special conditionally oscillatory half-linear second order differential equation, which is seen as a perturbation of a general nonoscillatory half-linear differential equation $$
(r(t)\Phi (x'))' + c(t)\Phi (x) = 0,\Phi (x) = |x|^{p - 1} \operatorname{sgn} x,p > 1,
$$ where r, c are continuous functions and r(t) > 0.
A critical oscillation constant as a variable of time scales for half-linear dynamic equations
Authors: Řehák Pavel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We present criteria of Hille-Nehari type for the half-linear dynamic equation (r(t)Φ(y
Δ))Δ+p(t)Φ(y
σ) = 0 on time scales. As a particular important case we get that there is a a (sharp) critical constant which may be different from what is known from the continuous case, and its value depends on the graininess of a time scale and on the coefficient r. As applications we state criteria for strong (non)oscillation, examine generalized Euler type equations, and establish criteria of Kneser type. Examples from q-calculus, a Hardy type inequality with weights, and further possibilities for study are presented as well. Our results unify and extend many existing results from special cases, and are new even in the well-studied discrete case.
Open Educational Resources in E-Learning
Authors: Dinevski Dejan , Fošnarič Samo , Arh Tanja 
Published: February 2010

Open Educational Resources in E-Learning
Open educational resources in e-learning are the future source of information for lifelong learners. Open source and open standards are defined as the basis of the "Open educational resource movement" that is beginning to form on a global level in the last decade. The characteristics of the OS are investigated in the relation to e-Learning, existing and new pedagogical principles and copyright issues. Several good practices, ideas and existing initiatives are presented and the vision of the future of open educational resources is introduced.
The Importance of Perception and Consciousness for E-Learning
Authors: Rebolj Vanda 
Published: February 2010

The Importance of Perception and Consciousness for E-Learning
The article presents the results of a research on perception during the learning process of adults in a virtual environment. The aim of the research was to determine why the process of e-learning introduction in Slovenia has been slowed down. Perception and its effects upon learning are important on the conscious as well as on the unconscious level but they have not been given as much attention as in the classical learning environment. Disturbed perception which results from the lack of expertise in preparation of the e-environment is a serious obstacle for learning. The objective of the research was to find solutions for the actual teaching practice but at the same time the research emphasizes that conclusions cannot always be made on the basis of former facts about students. We have to bear in mind that the impact of technology changes the students as well. Lack of professional arguments and of good practice leads to pedagogical conservatism which can cause the school's progress, also in the area of adult education, to be directed in the opposite direction from the one required by business processes in the organizations in which the adult students come from or in which the students are employed after they finish their education.
Developing Soft Skills for Engineering: Experience with Student Team Projects
Authors: Gider Franc , Urbančič Tanja 
Published: February 2010

Developing Soft Skills for Engineering: Experience with Student Team Projects
While advanced technologies are entering schools at all levels, we claim that other skills required to deal with them in the complex modern world should not be neglected in the education system. In this article, a promising approach to interdisciplinary postgraduate education is described. The idea of the »Team project« course is to give the students the opportunity to gain experience in an extensive project where various skills are needed, e.g. teamwork, coordinating work, project management, research, problem solving, public presentations, time management, etc. The course is obligatory and held in the first year of the master study program at the School of Engineering and Management of the University of Nova Gorica. The main advantage of the course is to give the students hands-on experience of work on a project that is very close to reality. Students are forced to gain experience in teamwork and to overcome the uncertainties and obstacles that arise in such projects. Since the launch of the course, several improvements have been made with the aim of improving the performance of the course. Nevertheless, the course remains a challenge for both students and teachers.
Challenges of Advanced Technologies and School of the Future
Authors: Gerlič Ivan 
Published: February 2010

Challenges of Advanced Technologies and School of the Future
The era of advanced technology claims a different individual. The individual that would undisturbed function in the era of digitalization and would better perceive and protect our environment with the help of accomplishments and benefits of advanced information and communication technology (ICT). There is no better time for learning and concretization of these values as in school. Nowadays pupils, the pupils of digital era, are more and more experienced in the usage of contemporary media and networks. That is why they require the modification of conditions and teachers' role in the school. Will new information and multimedia or hypermedia support for classrooms and new didactical ideas improve learning results, and stimulate innovation and greater pleasure towards learning and knowledge? All these questions will be answered in our contribution.
Regional Analysis of New EU Member States in the Context of Cohesion Policy
Authors: Viturka Milan , Žítek Vladimír , Klímová Viktorie , Tonev Petr 
Published: February 2010

Regional Analysis of New EU Member States in the Context of Cohesion Policy
The paper concentrates on the new European Union member states, i.e. the states of central and eastern Europe which entered the Union in 2004 (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Slovenia) and 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania). The basis of the paper is the evaluation of the cohesion policy in the countries in question, which are then analysed at the level of NUTS 2 regions (cohesion regions). The aim of the socioeconomic analysis is to assess the economic level of the regions and to use the results to form their typology. Ten characteristic indicators were chosen so that the study was as complex as possible. For each indicator in the examined countries the average was calculated, which allowed for a considerable increase of the information relevance of the study conclusions. For the cartographic representation of the regional differentiation intervals based on this average and the standard deviation were used. The final part of the study presents a concluding synthesis together with the above-mentioned typology of the regions. The results are interpreted in the context of the optimal strategy selection for the regional policy determined by the EU cohesion policy.
Competitiveness of Czech Enterprises: What affects the performance of the Enterprise?
Authors: Suchánek Petr , Špalek Jiří 
Published: February 2010

Competitiveness of Czech Enterprises: What affects the performance of the Enterprise?
This article is based on an empirical survey performed by the Research Centre for Competitiveness of the Czech Economy in 2007. We analyzed a sample of 432 companies. The main objective of the article is to formulate the factors which decrease the probability that a given company will be rated as competitive. Using advanced statistical methods (particularly statistical method of pattern recognition developed by UTIA ČSAV and modified in a special way for the purpose of our research) we formulate 20 qualitative characteristics, which can cause uncompetitiveness of the selected firm. These characteristics are then discussed and basic recommendations are drawn.
The Challenge of Socio-Economic Coherence for Poland's Economic Policy in Context of Transformation Processes
Authors: Woźniak Michał 
Published: February 2010

The Challenge of Socio-Economic Coherence for Poland's Economic Policy in Context of Transformation Processes
The article focuses on Polish socio-economic coherency in the European and regional context during post WWII period. The author argues that the source of this incoherency are faulty mechanisms, its economic, social and regional policies which were before the transformation based on central coordination of strategies and later, prior to Polish membership in the EU, due to autonomic processes. Much of the weaknesses after accession of Polan to the EU have been due to mixed policies practiced. This has been based on competitive harmony in which economic, social and territorial coherence that is augmented by open coordination methods at union, national, regional and sub-regional levels. It is not sufficient applying socio-economic coherence to processes of eliminating disproportions existing in regional development. Their practical utility requires taking cognizance of the specificity of local material, human and social capital resources. The key issue of socio-economic coherence is harmonizing the development of all aspects of human living.
A thermo-hydrodynamic modelling study of an idealized low-elevation blue-ice area in Antarctica
Authors: Rasmus Kai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLow-elevation blue-ice areas in Antarctica can contain significant amounts of subsurface liquid water during summer and may experience internal melt–freeze cycles due to absorption of shortwave radiation. An existing 2-D (x-z) model has been used to study the phenomenon and this is improved by changing the lower boundary condition from a no-flux condition to one that lets heat through, and by changing the bulk optical properties to spectral values. Both changes made the model more realistic. The optical and thermal boundary conditions, together with the optical attenuation coefficient, have a large effect on the amount of water produced in the ice. Our results show that if the lower boundary condition is changed from no flux to radiating, subsurface melting is reduced dramatically. Using a spectral albedo produces less melting than using a corresponding bulk albedo, the other variables left unchanged. If optical properties are changed to spectral values, the melting is different than using bulk values. If the linear extent of the blue-ice area is <0.6 m, subsurface melting is diminished. We found the spatial variability of snow has a significant effect on subsurface melting. Subsurface melting was found to be impossible for albedos >0.7 and the subsurface ponds can persist over the winter if the albedo is <0.4.
Design, optimization and calibration of an automated density gauge for firn and ice cores
Authors: Breton Daniel J. , Hamilton Gordon S. , Hess C.T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA gamma-ray density gauge can provide high-resolution and high-precision density measurements of firn and ice cores. This study describes the design, gamma-ray energy optimization and mass attenuation coefficient calibration of the Maine Automated Density Gauge Experiment (MADGE), a portable, field-operable gamma-ray density gauge used on overland traverses in East Antarctica. The MADGE instrument uses a 241Am gamma-ray source, a pulse-mode counting system and electronic core diameter calipers to collect high-precision (±0.004 g cm−3) density data from 3–8 cm diameter firn and ice cores. The data are collected at a 3.3 mm spatial resolution and an average throughput of 1.5 m h−1 for 5 cm diameter cores.
Modelling snow failure with a fibre bundle model
Authors: Reiweger Ingrid , Schweizer Jürg , Dual Jürg , Herrmann Hans Jürgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDry-snow slab avalanches initiate from a failure in a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab. Snow is considered as a porous ice structure, and the strength distribution of the single elements of this structure, i.e. grains and bonds between grains, shows a high degree of disorder. On the bond or microstructural level, the failure process is believed to start if the fracturing of bonds between snow grains is not balanced by the formation of new bonds. We use a statistical fracture model – a fibre bundle model – to study the failure process in a weak snow layer. The model consists of fibres of various strengths representing single snow grains between two rigid plates which represent the slab above and the substratum below the weak layer. The fibres deform in a linear elastic manner and break instantly at their rupture strength. Broken fibres may sinter (re-bond) and regain strength after a finite sintering time. We show that the different characteristic times for breaking and sintering lead to the rate dependence of snow strength. This is, to our knowledge, the first statistical model to reproduce the ductile-to-brittle transition which snow exhibits with increasing strain rate. When the model is applied to simulate experimental stress–strain curves for different strain rates, the model and experimental results are in fair agreement.
Fluctuations of Raikot Glacier during the past 70 years: a case study from the Nanga Parbat massif, northern Pakistan
Authors: Schmidt Susanne , Nüsser Marcus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Himalaya has some of the largest glacier concentrations outside the polar regions. Despite this, long-term measurements detecting the impact of global warming and changing precipitation patterns on glaciers are rare. The Nanga Parbat massif in northern Pakistan is an exception. The cartographer and glaciologist R. Finsterwalder investigated glacier dynamics of this mountain massif in the 1930s, and several other studies document changes since then. The aim of this study is to detect and analyse the changes of Raikot Glacier over the past seven decades. We use a multitemporal and multiscale approach, based on repeat terrestrial images, additional historical data and remotely sensed imagery (Corona, ASTER, Landsat, QuickBird). The multitemporal approach covers the period 1934–2007. While the analyses show a total glacier retreat of ~200 m in 73 years, this general trend was interrupted by a significant glacier advance between the 1950s and 1980s. Although down-wasting processes can be inferred from an increase in debris-covered area, a general trend of reduced glacier thickness does not appear significant over the whole observation period.
The effects of meltwater percolation on the seasonal isotopic signals in an Arctic snowpack
Authors: Moran Tara , Marshall Shawn 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe investigate the evolution of snow temperature, water content, density and stable water isotopes of δ18O at four Arctic snow-pit sites during early-season melt, in order to understand the effects of melt on snowpack stratigraphies and seasonal isotopic signals. We relate isotopic changes observed at these sites to temperature reconstructions derived from a 33 year firn-core record drilled on the same icefield. Decreases in seasonal isotopic amplitudes observed at all but one snow-pit site coincide with the percolation of more enriched meltwater into the snowpack, suggesting that meltwater percolation is the dominant process causing isotopic redistribution in Arctic snowpacks during the melt season. The decrease in isotopic range was accompanied by increases in mean δ18O values at all snow-pit sites. Positive degree-day (PDD) calculations are used to relate the amount of melt observed at the low-elevation snow-pit sites to the firn-core site. Results based on PDD values suggest an average overestimation of 1.1°C in average annual temperature reconstructions from the firn-core site from 1967 to 2006, with the possibility of errors in excess of 3°C during high-melt years.
Using radar-sounding data to identify the distribution and sources of subglacial water: application to Dome C, East Antarctica
Authors: Carter Sasha Peter , Blankenship Donald D. , Young Duncan A. , Holt John W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBasal radar reflectivity is the most important measurement for the detection of subglacial water. However, dielectric loss in the overlying ice column complicates the determination of basal reflectivity. Dielectric attenuation is a function of ice temperature and impurity concentration. Temperature distribution is a function of climate history, basal heat flow and vertical strain rate, all of which can be partially inferred from the structure of dated internal layers. Using 11 dated layers, isotope records from Dome C, East Antarctica, and a model of the spatial variation of geothermal flux, we calculate the vertical strain rate and accumulation-rate history, allowing identification of areas where the basal melt rate exceeds 1.5 mm a−1. The accumulation-rate history and vertical strain rates are then used as inputs for a transient temperature model. The model outputs for the present-day temperature distribution are then combined with depth-dependent ionic concentrations to model dielectric loss and infer basal reflectivity. The resulting reflection coefficients are consistent (∼−5 dB) across a variety of subglacial water bodies. We also identify a high reflectivity >−15 dB in Concordia Trench and along suspected subglacial water-flow routes in Vincennes Basin. Highland areas tend to have highly variable reflection coefficients near −30 dB, consistent with an ice–bedrock interface. This combined model also identifies three areas of enhanced basal melting along Concordia Ridge, Concordia Subglacial Lake and Vincennes Basin. Melt at Concordia Subglacial Lake exceeds 5 mm a−1. The inferred basal melt at these locations is not possible without enhanced geothermal flux. We demonstrate how radar-sounding data can provide both input and verification for a self-consistent model of vertical strain, vertical temperature distribution and meltwater distribution.
Identification and characteristics of surge-type glaciers on Novaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic
Authors: Grant Katie L. , Stokes Chris R. , Evans Ian S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present a comprehensive new inventory of surge-type glaciers on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, using high-resolution (up to 4 m) satellite imagery from 1976/77 (Hexagon), 1989 (Landsat TM), 2001 (Landsat ETM+) and 2006 (ASTER). A total of 692 glaciers and their forelands were observed for glaciological and geomorphological criteria indicative of glacier surging (e.g. looped moraines, heavy surface crevassing, surface potholes, thrust-block moraines, concertina eskers). This enabled the identification of 32 potential surge-type glaciers (compared with four previously identified) representing 4.6% of the total but 18% by glacier area. We assess the characteristics of surge-type glaciers. Surge-type glaciers are statistically different from non-surge-type glaciers in terms of their area, length, surface slope, minimum elevation, mid-range elevation and terminus type. They are typically long (median length 18.5 km), large (median area 106.8 km2) outlet glaciers, with relatively low overall surface slopes (median slope 1.7°) and tend to terminate in water (marine or lacustrine). They are predominantly directed towards and located in the more maritime western region of the Russian Arctic, and we suggest that surge occurrence might be related to large and complex catchment areas that receive increased delivery of precipitation from the Barents Sea.