bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Treeing Propagation in Nanocomposites and the Role of Nanofillers: Simulationwith the Aid of Cellular Automata
Authors: Pitsa Despoina , Vardakis George , Danikas Michael , Kozako Masahiro 
Published: June 2011

Electrical Treeing Propagation in Nanocomposites and the Role of Nanofillers: Simulationwith the Aid of Cellular AutomataIn this paper the propagation of electrical treeing in nanodielectrics using the DIMET (Dielectric Inhomogeneity Model for Electrical Treeing) is studied. The DIMET is a model which simulates the growth of electrical treeing based on theory of Cellular Automata. Epoxy/glass nanocomposites are used as samples between a needle-plane electrode arrangement. The diameter of nanofillers is 100 nm. The electric treeing, which starts from the needle electrode, is examined. The treeing growth seems to be stopped by the nanofillers. The latter act as elementary barriers to the treeing propagation.
Multicriteria Selection of Optimal Location of TCSC in a Competitive Energy Market
Authors: Alomoush Muwaffaq 
Published: June 2011

Multicriteria Selection of Optimal Location of TCSC in a Competitive Energy MarketThe paper investigates selection of the best location of thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) in a transmission system from many candidate locations in a competitive energy market such that the TCSC causes a net valuable impact on congestion management outcome, transmission utilization, transmission losses, voltage stability, degree of fulfillment of spot market contracts, and system security. The problem is treated as a multicriteria decision-making process such that the candidate locations of TCSC are the alternatives and the conflicting objectives are the outcomes of the dispatch process, which may have different importance weights. The paper proposes some performance indices that the dispatch decision-making entity can use to measure market dispatch outcomes of each alternative. Based on agreed-upon preferences, the measures presented may help the decision maker compare and rank dispatch scenarios to ultimately decide which location is the optimal one. To solve the multicriteria decision, we use the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE), which is a multicriteria decision support method that can handle complex conflicting-objective decision-making processes.
Raman Spectra of Two Samples of Rubrene Layers
Authors: Kadlečíková Magdaléna , Breza Juraj , Liday Jozef , Sitter Helmut , Al-Baqi Shaima 
Published: June 2011

Raman Spectra of Two Samples of Rubrene Layers
This experimental work deals with measuring Raman spectra of rubrene. The objective is to optimize the measurement procedure of rubrene layers on a substrate. The main outcome of the work is identification of rubrene and of the single-crystalline nature of the measured spots of the rubrene layer.
Measuring Static Parameters of Embedded ADC Core
Authors: Novak Franc , Mrak Peter , Biasizzo Anton 
Published: June 2011

Measuring Static Parameters of Embedded ADC CoreThe paper presents the results of a feasibility study of measuring static parameters of ADC cores embedded in a System-on-Chip. Histogram based technique is employed because it is suitable for built-in self-test. While the theoretical background of the technique has been covered by numerous papers, less attention has been given to implementations in practice. Our goal was the implementation of histogram test in a IEEE Std 1500 wrapper. Two different solutions pursuing either minimal test time or minimal hardware overhead are described. The impact of MOS switches at ADC input on the performed measurements was considered.
Identification of Nonlinear Cascade Systems with Time-Varying Backlash
Authors: Vörös Jozef 
Published: June 2011

Identification of Nonlinear Cascade Systems with Time-Varying BacklashRecursive identification of cascade systems with time-varying input backlash and linear dynamic system is presented. A new analytic form of backlash characteristic description is used, hence all the parameters in the cascade model equation are separated and their estimation is solved as a quasi-linear problem using the recursive least squares method with internal variable estimation. Simulation studies are included.
Epitaxial Growth of GaP/InxGa1-xP (xIn ≥ 0.27) Virtual Substrate for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Hasenöhrl Stanislav , Novák Jozef , Vávra Ivo , Šoltýs Ján , Kučera Michal , Šatka Alexander 
Published: June 2011

Epitaxial Growth of GaP/InxGa1-xP (xIn ≥ 0.27) Virtual Substrate for Optoelectronic Applications
Compositionally graded epitaxial semiconductor buffer layers are prepared with the aim of using them as a virtual substrate for following growth of heterostructures with the lattice parameter different from that of the substrates available on market (GaAs, GaP, InP or InAs). In this paper we report on the preparation of the step graded InxGa1-xP buffer layers on the GaP substrate. The final InxGa1-xP composition xIn was chosen to be at least 0.27. At this composition the InxGa1-xP band-gap structure converts from the indirect to the direct one and the material of such composition is suitable for application in light emitting diode structures. Our task was to design a set of layers with graded composition (graded buffer layer) and to optimize growth parameters with the aim to prepare strain relaxed template of quality suitable for the subsequent epitaxial growth.
Determination of Particle Shape and Size Distribution of Model Types of Nanomaterials
Authors: Bretšnajdrová Edita , Svoboda Ladislav , Zelenka Jiří 
Published: June 2011

Determination of Particle Shape and Size Distribution of Model Types of Nanomaterials
At present, great attention is given to study of preparation and properties of various nanomaterials usable in many applications. They are utilized in varied fields of human activity - eg in electronics, medicine, paint industry etc. Besides the detailed chemical structure, such nanoparticle properties as the shape and size distribution are fundamental to the given application. To measure these parameters various methods are used, e.g. transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), acoustic spectrometry, methods based on the light scattering and X-ray disc centrifuge system.
Assessing of IDF curves for hydrological design by simple scaling of 1-day precipitation totals
Authors: Bara M. , Kohnová S. , Szolgay J. , Gaál L. , Hlavčová K. 
Published: June 2011

Assessing of IDF curves for hydrological design by simple scaling of 1-day precipitation totalsIn this paper the scaling properties of short term extreme rainfall in Slovakia were investigated. The simple scaling theory was applied to the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) characteristics of a short duration rainfall. This method allows for the estimation of the design values of rainfall of selected recurrence intervals and durations shorter than a day by using only the daily data. The scaling behavior of rainfall intensities was examined, and the possibility of using simple scaling in Slovakia was verified. The methodology for the simple scaling of rainfall is demonstrated using an example of the meteorological station in Ilava.
Disturbing potential and its geometrical properties
Authors: Janák J. , Slovík S. , Fašková Z. , Mikula K. 
Published: June 2011

Disturbing potential and its geometrical propertiesDisturbing potential is probably the most crucial quantity in gravity field modelling. Usually, the disturbing potential is converted into a geoid height or height anomaly and presented as a contour map of a geoid or quasigeoid. In our contribution we present a spatial geometry of the equipotential surfaces of the disturbing potential around the Earth. The models presented are solutions of a mixed boundary value problem; they combine the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, and are solved using the Finite Element Method. The boundary values are generated from an EGM2008 geopotential model. However, the combination of the terrestrial measurement and the satellite gravity gradiometry-originated data can be used in the future. Therefore this work can be seen as a preliminary study before the exploitation of the actual gravity gradiometry data. The disturbing potential model is presented in the form of a 3D model up to an altitude of 20000 km above the Earth's surface.
L'Afrique noire comme paradigme fondateur des sciences sociales françaises et francophones du développement (1920-2010)
Authors: Copans Jean 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Grâce à une périodisation en trois époques qui va de 1920 à 2010, il est rappelé que pour la France la question de la mise en valeur puis de la modernisation et du développement a été essentiellement appliquée dans les colonies africaines. Cette situation explique que le champ des recherches appliquées puis fondamentales (empiriques et théoriques) en sciences sociales se soit cantonné, de fait, à ce seul espace géopolitique, malgré une diversification plus marquée depuis les années 1980 (Amériques, Asie). Même après une modification méthodologique profonde des objets à étudier (les opérations elles-mêmes et non les seuls bénéficiaires), le modèle sociétal africain est demeuré le référent de base.
Le « prénom de famille » en Angleterre. Un exemple ethnographique
Authors: Massard-Vincent Josiane 
Published: June 2011

Résumé À partir d’une enquête dans un bourg du Derbyshire associant registres baptismaux et entretiens (1998-2005), l’auteur examine la pratique anglaise consistant à attribuer des « prénoms de famille » aux enfants (surtout de sexe masculin), dans ses rapports avec la parenté contemporaine et dans ses incidences temporelle et symbolique. La transmission de noms familiaux coexiste avec le « libre choix » du prénom par les parents : en résulte une image composite où l’ancrage historique renforcé par le recyclage de noms traditionnels le dispute au souci de renouveler l’onomastique par des noms singuliers. Censé valoriser l’individu plutôt que le groupe, le nom choisi est soumis à une rotation de plus en plus rapide tandis que le nom repris participe de la mémoire familiale et du temps long.
La libre circulation des personnes : réflexions sur l'expérience de la C.E.M.A.C. et de la C.E.D.E.A.O.
Authors: Zogo Nkada Simon-Pierre 
Published: June 2011

La liberté de circulation des personnes constitue dans le contexte actuel de globalisation des échanges un instrument essentiel par lequel se matérialisent les politiques d’intégration régionale à travers le monde et dont le modèle le mieux achevé à ce jour est celui de l’Union européenne. La notion de liberté telle que définie par l’article 4 de la Déclaration française des droits de l’Homme (de 1789) semble donner une grande importance à l’aspect individuel de ce concept (liberté d’aller et de venir) que garantissent aussi bien le droit des États modernes que les conventions internationales relatives aux droits et libertés individuelles. La consécration de la liberté de mouvement comme droit individuel inaliénable dans l’ordre juridique interne a progressivement été admise et codifiée par le droit international. Si le principe de libre circulation des personnes ne rencontre pas de restrictions dans la plupart des législations internes des États, en l’occurrence pour les citoyens de ces États, en revanche le droit communautaire qui admet ce principe comme un facteur déterminant du processus d’intégration des espaces économiques souverains dans un vaste ensemble n’en pose pas moins certaines conditions préalables. Les exemples de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC) et de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) sont une illustration pertinente de l’intérêt du processus d’intégration économique à l’échelle régionale qui se manifeste dans toutes les parties du monde à l’instar du MERCOSUR, de l’ASEAN et l’ALENA notamment. Si la construction des espaces de libre-échange dans les régions de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC) et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) peut présenter des similitudes au plan des synergies qui accompagnent ce processus à l’intérieur des États concernés – notamment à travers le volontarisme affiché des acteurs institutionnels, et la mise en place d’un cadre juridique adapté à l’attente de l’objectif de libre circulation des personnes –, cette dynamique observée depuis plusieurs décennies dans l’une et l’autre région de l’Afrique n’obéit pas à la même approche pratique, car la mise en œuvre du processus d’intégration économique régionale au moyen de la liberté d’établissement et du droit de résidence est soumise à de nombreuses contraintes d’ordre politique et structurel – de manière plus accentuée dans la CEMAC en raison du penchant souverainiste des États membres. Aussi le contournement de ces obstacles à la construction d’espace de libres échanges viables en Afrique centrale et occidentale est inévitable ; et cela peut se réaliser par une implication plus accrue des acteurs politiques du processus et davantage par une réforme des instruments juridiques de réalisation de cet objectif, dans le cas plus spécifique de la CEMAC.
Yersinia pestis YopE Contains a Dominant CD8 T Cell Epitope that Confers Protection in a Mouse Model of Pneumonic Plague
Authors: Lin Jr-Shiuan , Szaba Frank M. , Kummer Lawrence W. , Chromy Brett A. , Smiley Stephen T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Septic bacterial pneumonias are a major cause of death worldwide. Several of the highest priority bioterror concerns, including anthrax, tularemia, and plague, are caused by bacteria that acutely infect the lung. Bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics is increasingly common. Although vaccines may be our best defense against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there has been little progress in the development of safe and effective vaccines for pulmonary bacterial pathogens. The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis causes pneumonic plague, an acutely lethal septic pneumonia. Historic pandemics of plague caused millions of deaths, and the plague bacilli’s potential for weaponization sustains an ongoing quest for effective countermeasures. Subunit vaccines have failed, to date, to fully protect nonhuman primates. In mice, they induce the production of Abs that act in concert with type 1 cytokines to deliver high-level protection; however, the Y. pestis Ags recognized by cytokine-producing T cells have yet to be defined. In this study, we report that Y. pestis YopE is a dominant Ag recognized by CD8 T cells in C57BL/6 mice. After vaccinating with live attenuated Y. pestis and challenging intranasally with virulent plague, nearly 20% of pulmonary CD8 T cells recognize this single, highly conserved Ag. Moreover, immunizing mice with a single peptide, YopE69–77, suffices to confer significant protection from lethal pulmonary challenge. These findings suggest YopE could be a valuable addition to subunit plague vaccines and provide a new animal model in which sensitive, pathogen-specific assays can be used to study CD8 T cell-mediated defense against acutely lethal bacterial infections of the lung.
Cutting Edge: T Cells Monitor N-Myristoylation of the Nef Protein in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Monkeys
Authors: Morita Daisuke , Igarashi Tatsuhiko , Horiike Mariko , Mori Naoki , Sugita Masahiko 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The use of the host cellular machinery is essential for pathogenic viruses to replicate in host cells. HIV and SIV borrow the host-derived N-myristoyl-transferase and its substrate, myristoyl-CoA, for coupling a saturated C14 fatty acid (myristic acid) to the N-terminal glycine residue of the Nef protein. This biochemical reaction, referred to as N-myristoylation, assists its targeting to the plasma membrane, thereby supporting the immunosuppressive activity proposed for the Nef protein. In this study, we show that the host immunity is equipped with CTLs capable of sensing N-myristoylation of the Nef protein. A rhesus macaque CD8+ T cell line was established that specifically recognized N-myristoylated, but not unmodified, peptides of the Nef protein. Furthermore, the population size of N-myristoylated Nef peptide-specific T cells was found to increase significantly in the circulation of SIV-infected monkeys. Thus, these results identify N-myristoylated viral peptides as a novel class of CTL target Ag.
Thermoelectric Property Studies on Cu‐Doped n‐type CuxBi2Te2.7Se0.3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Wei‐Shu , Zhang Qinyong , Lan Yucheng , Chen Shuo , Yan Xiao , Zhang Qian , Wang Hui , Wang Dezhi , Chen Gang , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCombining high energy ball‐milling and hot‐pressing, significant enhancements of the thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit (ZT) have been reported for p‐type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 nanocomposites. However, applying the same technique to n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 showed no improvement on ZT values, due to the anisotropic nature of the thermoelectric properties of n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3. Even though texturing was effective in improving peak ZT of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 from 0.85 to 1.04, reproducibility from batch to batch remains unsatisfactory. Here, we show that good reproducibility can be achieved by introducing an optimal concentration of 0.01 copper (Cu) per Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 to make Cu0.01Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 samples. A peak ZT value of 0.99 was achieved in Cu0.01Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 samples without texturing. With texturing by re‐pressing, the peak ZT was increased to 1.06. Aging in air for over 5 months did not deteriorate but further improved the peak ZT to 1.10. The mechanism by which copper improves the reproducibility, enhances the carrier mobility, and reduces the lattice thermal conductivity is also discussed.
Diphosphine Capsules for Transition‐Metal Encapsulation
Authors: Koblenz Tehila S. , Dekker Henk L. , de Koster Chris G. , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSelf‐assembly and characterization of novel heterodimeric diphosphine capsules formed by multiple ionic interactions and composed of one tetracationic diphosphine ligand and one complementary tetraanionic calix[4]arene are described. Encapsulation of a palladium atom within a diphosphine capsule is achieved successfully by using the metal complex of the tetracationic diphosphine ligand for the assembly process. In this templated approach to metal encapsulation, the transition‐metal complex is an integrated part of the capsule with the transition metal located inside the capsule and is not involved in the assembly process. We present two approaches for capsule assembly by mixing solutions of the precharged building blocks in methanol and mixing solutions of the neutral building blocks in methanol. The scope of the diphosphine capsules and the metallodiphosphine capsules is easily extended by applying tetracationic diphosphine ligands with different backbones (ethylene, diphenyl ether, and xanthene) and cationic binding motifs (p‐C6H4‐CH2‐ammonium, m‐C6H4‐ammonium, and m‐C6H4‐guanidinium). These tetracationic building blocks with different flexibilities and shapes readily associate into capsules with the proper capsular structure, as is indicated by 1H NMR spectroscopy, 1D NOESY, ESI‐MS, and modeling studies.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Dimethylidene Oxacycles through Prins‐Type Cyclization of Allenylmethylsilanes
Authors: Ullapu Punna Reddy , Kim Young Seub , Lee Jae Kyun , Pae Ae Nim , Kim Youseung , Min Sun‐Joon , Cho Yong Seo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 3,4‐dimethylidene oxacycles including oxolanes and oxepanes through Prins‐type cyclization of hydroxy(allenylmethyl)silanes is described. We have shown that 2‐substituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives could be produced by using this strategy although the 5‐endo‐trig cyclization mode is stereoelectronically disfavored. We also applied our method to the stereoselective synthesis of 2,7‐cis‐3,4‐dimethylidene oxepanes, which were used for constructing more complex ring systems, such as polyether bicycles or tricycles.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Controlled α‐Fe2O3 Nanostructures in HEPES Solution
Authors: Li Hui , Lu Zhong , Li Qin , So Man‐Ho , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen Rong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA facile, template‐free, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal strategy was explored for the controllable synthesis of α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures in HEPES solution (HEPES=2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid). The effects of experimental parameters including HEPES/FeCl3 molar ratio, pH value, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the formation of α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures have been investigated systematically. Based on the observations of the products, the function of HEPES in the reaction is discussed. The different α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures possess different optical, magnetic properties, and photocatalytic activities, depending on the shape and size of the sample. In addition, a novel and facile approach was developed for the synthesis of Au/α‐Fe2O3 and Ag/α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites in HEPES buffer solution; this verified the dual function of HEPES both as reductant and stabilizer. This work provides a new strategy for the controllable synthesis of transition metal oxide nanostructures and metal‐supported nanocomposites, and gives a strong evidence of the relationship between the property and morphology/size of nanomaterials.
Improved robust stability criteria for uncertain systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Qian Wei , Wang Lei , Sun Youxian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the delay‐dependent stability and robust stability for uncertain systems with time‐varying delay. Through constructing an appropriate type of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and proving its positive definiteness, using slack matrices and a convex combination condition, the delay‐dependent stability criteria, which are less conservative, are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are also given to illustrate the improvement on the conservatism of the delay bound over some existing results.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Design of Absorption Columns – New Challenges for a well‐known Task
Authors: Grünewald Marcus , Zheng Guanghua , Kopatschek Manuela 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUntersuchungen zur Auslegung von Absorptionskolonnen werden vorgestellt. Ausgehend von der bisher verwendeten Auslegungsmethodik nach Billet und Schultes erfolgt eine Analyse und Bewertung der Grenzen dieser in der Technik häufig verwendeten Vorgehensweise. Dabei werden auf der Grundlage eigener Experimente entsprechende Änderungsvorschläge in der bisherigen Auslegungsweise für Packungskolonnen beschrieben. Neben der Anpassung einzelner empirischer Gleichungen zur flexiblen Beschreibung des Bereiches zwischen Stau‐ und Flutpunkt, wird insbesondere die auf der Messung lokaler Prozessgrößen basierende Einteilung in Wand‐ und Kernphasen der Packungskolonnen vorgeschlagen.
Glyoxalate‐Derived Aldimines in Cycloaddition Reactions with Olefins
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepción , Fuertes María , Ezpeleta Jose M. , Rubiales Gloria 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction of aldimine 1a, derived from ethyl glyoxalate, with activated dienophiles, such as styrene and indene, gave the tetrahydro‐1,5‐naphthyridine derivatives 3 with regio‐ and stereoselective control of three stereocenters through a [4+2] cycloaddition process via endo transition states. However, when aldimine 1a was used in the reaction with strained olefins, such as norbornene or dicyclopentadiene, the corresponding [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadducts were obtained, through exclusive exo π‐facial stereoselective cycloaddition. The addition of a second strained C=C bond in the olefin, such as norbornadiene, increased the multifunctional character of the olefin and a mixture of the corresponding exo [4+2] 11a and exo [2+2] 12a cycloadducts, as well as the corresponding HOMO cycloadduct 13a, was obtained. Reaction between norbornadiene and aldimines derived from p‐nitro‐ and o,p‐dinitroanilines and ethyl glyoxalate gave exo [4+2] cycloadducts 11b,c, HOMO cycloadducts 13b,c and α‐amino γ‐lactones 15b,c. A mechanistic explanation for the formation of the new products is suggested.