bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ungrouped plant kinesin accumulates at the preprophase band in a cell cycle‐dependent manner
Authors: Malcos Jennelle L. , Cyr Richard J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPast phylogenic studies have identified a plant‐specific, ungrouped family of kinesins in which the motor domain does not group to one of the fourteen recognized families. Members of this family contain an N‐terminal motor domain, a C‐terminal armadillo repeat domain and a conserved destruction box (D‐BOX) motif. This domain architecture is unique to plants and to a subset of protists. Further characterization of one representative member from Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana KINESIN ungrouped clade, gene A (AtKINUa), was completed to ascertain its functional role in plants. Fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed an accumulation of ATKINUA:GFP at the preprophase band (PPB) in a cell cycle‐dependent manner in Arabidopsis epidermal cells and tobacco BY‐2 cells. Fluorescence accumulation was highest during prophase and decreased after nuclear envelope breakdown. A conserved D‐BOX motif was identified through alignment of AtKINU homologous sequences. Mutagenesis work with D‐BOX revealed that conserved residues were necessary for the observed degradation pattern of ATKINUA:GFP, as well as the targeted accumulation at the PPB. Overall results suggest that AtKINUa is necessary for normal plant growth and/or development and is likely involved with PPB organization through microtubule association and specific cell cycle regulation. The D‐BOX motif may function to bridge microtubule organization with changes that occur during progression through mitosis and may represent a novel regulatory motif in plant microtubule motor proteins. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of telomere dynamics in peripheral blood cells from patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Bozzao Cristina , Lastella Patrizia , Ponz de Leon Maurizio , Pedroni Monica , Di Gregorio Carmela , D'Ovidio Francesco D. , Resta Nicoletta , Prete Fernando , Guanti Ginevra , Stella Alessandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In patients with Lynch syndrome, germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes cause a high risk of developing a broad spectrum of cancers. To date, the management of patients with Lynch syndrome has represented a major challenge because of large variations in age at cancer onset. Several factors, including genetic anticipation, have been proposed to explain this phenotypic heterogeneity, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Telomere shortening is a common event in tumorigenesis and also has been observed in different familial cancers. In this study, the authors investigated the possibility of a relation between telomere length and cancer onset in patients with Lynch syndrome.METHODS:The mean telomere length was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood samples from a control group of 50 individuals, from 31 unaffected mutation carriers, and from 43 affected patients, and the results were correlated with both gene mutation and cancer occurrence. In affected patients, telomere attrition was correlated with age at cancer onset. In all patients, a t test was used to assess the linearity of the regression.RESULTS:A significant correlation between telomere length and age was observed in both affected and unaffected mutation carriers (P = .0016 and P = .004, respectively) and in mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) mutation carriers (P = .0002) but not in mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) mutation carriers. Telomere attrition was correlated significantly with age at onset in MSH2 carriers (P = .004), whereas an opposite trend toward longer telomeres in patients with delayed onset was observed in MLH1 carriers.CONCLUSIONS:The current data suggested that telomere dynamics differ between MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers. It is possible that subtle, gene‐specific mechanisms can be linked to cancer onset and anticipation in patients with Lynch syndrome. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
D9S168 microsatellite alteration predicts a poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlates with the down‐regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta
Authors: Li Xiaopan , Tan Xiaojie , Yu Yongwei , Chen Haitang , Chang Wenjun , Hou Jianguo , Xu Danfeng , Ma Liye , Cao Guangwen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The role of microsatellite alterations in surgically excised tumors in predicting the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains largely unknown.METHODS:Specimens from 93 patients with sporadic ccRCC were used to screen microsatellite alterations using 12 markers on chromosomes 3p, 9p, and 14q according to disease stage. Survival was evaluated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis. The expression of targeted genes was examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively.RESULTS:Of the markers that were screened, D9S168 (9p23‐22) had the highest frequency (36.9%) of microsatellite alteration in the specimens. D9S168 alterations were frequent in high‐stage tumors. Seventy‐eight patients who had ccRCC without distant metastasis at the time of surgery were followed for a median of 31.7 months. Overall survival and disease‐free survival were poorer for patients with D9S168 alteration than for those without alteration (P < .001 for each; log‐rank test). Cox regression analysis indicated that D9S168 alteration was associated independently with cancer‐related death (P = .010). The D9S168 alteration, which was located at the 5′‐untranslated region of a gene that encodes protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) receptor delta (PTPRD), was associated significantly with low expression of PTPRD at the messenger RNA level (P = .001). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of PTPRD was strong in normal kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells, from which ccRCC originated, and was greatly down‐regulated in ccRCC (P < .001; Wilcoxon rank‐sum test).CONCLUSIONS:D9S168 microsatellite alteration in tumors predicted a poor prognosis for patients with ccRCC after curative nephrectomy. The authors concluded that PTPRD is a putative tumor suppressor in ccRCC and has therapeutic potential. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Dasatinib combined with docetaxel for castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Araujo John C. , Mathew Paul , Armstrong Andrew J. , Braud Edward L. , Posadas Edwin , Lonberg Mathew , Gallick Gary E. , Trudel Géralyn C. , Paliwal Prashni , Agrawal Shruti , Logothetis Christopher J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:To determine the potential efficacy of targeting both the tumor and bone microenvironment in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (PC), the authors conducted a phase 1‐2 trial combining docetaxel with dasatinib, an oral SRC inhibitor.METHODS:In phase 1, 16 men received dasatinib 50 to 120 mg once daily and docetaxel 60 to 75 mg/m2 every 21 days. In phase 2, 30 additional men received dasatinib 100 mg once daily/docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 21 days. Efficacy endpoints included changes in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), measurable disease, bone scans, and markers of bone metabolism. Safety and pharmacokinetics were also studied.RESULTS:Combination dasatinib and docetaxel therapy was generally well tolerated. Thirteen of 46 patients (28%) had a grade 3‐4 toxicity. Drug‐drug interactions and a maximum tolerated dose were not identified. Durable 50% PSA declines occurred in 26 of 46 patients (57%). Of 30 patients with measurable disease, 18 (60%) had a partial response. Fourteen patients (30%) had disappearance of a lesion on bone scan. In bone marker assessments, 33 of 38 (87%) and 26 of 34 (76%) had decreases in urinary N‐telopeptide or bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase levels, respectively. Twenty‐eight patients (61%) received single‐agent dasatinib after docetaxel discontinuation and had stabilization of disease for an additional 1 to 12 months.CONCLUSIONS:The high objective response rate and favorable toxicity profile are promising and justify randomized studies of docetaxel and dasatinib in castration‐resistant PC. Parallel declines in levels of PSA and bone markers are consistent with cotargeting of epithelial and bone compartments of the cancer. Treatment with single‐agent dasatinib following docetaxel cessation warrants further study. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Electroluminescent Properties of an Electrochemically Cross‐Linkable Carbazole Peripheral Poly(Benzyl Ether) Dendrimer
Authors: Park Jin Young , Kim Dong‐Eun , Ponnapati Ramakrishna , Kim Jong‐Min , Kwon Young‐Soo , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electroluminescent (EL) properties of a cross‐linkable carbazole‐terminated poly(benzyl ether) dendrimer, G3‐cbz DN, doped into a PVK:PBD host matrix with a double‐layer device configuration are investigated. Different concentrations of the guest material can control device efficiency, related to chromaticity of white emission and the origin of excited‐state complexes occurring between hole‐transporting carbazole units (PVK or G3‐cbz DN) and electron‐transporting oxadiazole (PBD). Two excited states (exciplex and electroplex) generated at the interfaces of PVK/G3‐cbz DN and PBD result in competitive emission, exhibiting a broad band in the EL spectra.
Histoplasmosis presenting as bilateral adrenal masses: Cytomorphological diagnosis of three cases
Authors: Ahuja Arvind , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer Venkateshwaran K. , Sharma Surendra K. , Kumar Narender , Agarwal Shipra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHistoplasmosis is a worldwide infectious disease caused by inhalation of spores of a fungus, called Histoplasma capsulatum. Adrenals can be involved as a part of disseminated infection in immunocompromized patients. However, histoplasmosis presenting primarily as a bilateral adrenal masses in an immunocompetent patient is very unusual and rare. We encountered three such cases in which fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) performed under ultrasonographic (USG) guidance from bilateral adrenal masses primarily established the diagnosis. This report emphasizes the importance of considering localized fungal infection as differential diagnoses of mass lesions involving bilateral adrenals even if the patients are immunocompetent, along with the commoner lesions at these sites. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of TCF7L2 SNPs with age at onset of type 2 diabetes and proinsulin/insulin ratio but not with glucagon‐like peptide 1
Authors: Silbernagel Guenther , Renner Wilfried , Grammer Tanja B. , Hügl Sigrun R. , Bertram Julia , Kleber Marcus E. , Hoffmann Michael M. , Winkelmann Bernhard R. , März Winfried , Boehm Bernhard O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundVariants in TCF7L2 have been associated with the age at onset of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans. However, there is a lack of data on this relationship in Caucasians. Furthermore, risk alleles in TCF7L2 have been suggested to account for decreased conversion of proinsulin to insulin and decreased expression of GLP‐1. We investigated the effect of the allelic variants rs1225537 and rs7903146 in TCF7L2 on the age at onset of type 2 diabetes, the plasma concentrations of proinsulin and GLP‐1, and the ratio of proinsulin to insulin in a German cohort.MethodsWe studied 3185 participants of the LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular health (LURIC) study. Among these, 1021 subjects had type 2 diabetes. Data on age at onset of diabetes were available in 925 subjects. OGTTs were performed in a subgroup not previously known to have diabetes.ResultsCarriers of the risk alleles in rs1225537 and rs7901346 had increased risk of type 2 diabetes and elevated HbA1c (all p < 0.001). The risk alleles were also associated with early onset of type 2 diabetes, decreased insulin secretion and markedly increased proinsulin and proinsulin to insulin ratio (all p < 0.03). GLP‐1 was not significantly related to the TCF7L2 genotype.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that TCF7L2 variants are associated with an early age of onset of type 2 diabetes in Caucasians and affects the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. However, TCF7L2 is not consistently associated with fasting GLP‐1. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HMGB factors are required for posterior digit development through integrating signaling pathway activities
Authors: Itou Junji , Taniguchi Noboru , Oishi Isao , Kawakami Hiroko , Lotz Martin , Kawakami Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe chromatin factors Hmgb1 and Hmgb2 have critical roles in cellular processes, including transcription and DNA modification. To identify the function of Hmgb genes in embryonic development, we generated double mutants of Hmgb1;Hmgb2 in mice. While double null embryos arrest at E9.5, Hmgb1−/−; Hmgb2+/− embryos exhibit a loss of digit5, the most posterior digit, in the forelimb. We show that Hmgb1−/−; Hmgb2+/− forelimbs have a reduced level of Shh signaling, as well as a clear downregulation of Wnt and BMP target genes in the posterior region. Moreover, we demonstrate that hmgb1 and hmgb2 in zebrafish embryos enhance Wnt signaling in a variety of tissues, and that double knockdown embryos have reduced Wnt signaling and shh expression in pectoral fin buds. Our data show that Hmgb1 and Hmgb2 function redundantly to enhance Wnt signaling in embryos, and further suggest that integrating Wnt, Shh, and BMP signaling regulates the development of digit5 in forelimbs. Developmental Dynamics 240:1151–1162, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Budding behaviors: Growth of the limb as a model of morphogenesis
Authors: Hopyan Sevan , Sharpe James , Yang Yingzi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuestions regarding morphogenesis have played second fiddle to those pertaining to pattern formation among the limb development set for some time. A recent series of publications has reinvigorated the search for mechanisms by which the limb bud arises, elongates and acquires its peculiar shape. While there are stage‐specific variations, the theme that resonates across these studies is that mesoderm and cartilage cells in the limb bud exhibit polarity that drives directional movement and oriented division. Noncanonical Wnt signalling is important for these cell behaviors at all stages of limb development. While the emerging morphogenetic mechanisms underlying limb bud outgrowth are partly analogous to those of other developing structures, insights from the limb have the potential to reveal intriguing new mechanisms by which three dimensional mesoderm changes shape. Developmental Dynamics 240:1054–1062, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Geary DF, Hodson EM, Craig JC. Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD008327. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008327. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Topical fluoride and dental fluorosis’
Authors: Quiñonez Carlos R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Wong MCM, Glenny AM, Tsang BWK, Lo ECM, Worthington HV, Marinho VCC. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007693. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007693.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Soares‐Weiser K, MacLehose H, Ben‐Aharon I, Goldberg E, Pitan F, Cunliffe N. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD008521. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008521. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Short versus standard duration antibiotic therapy for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Altamimi S, Khalil A, Khalaiwi KA, Milner RA, Pusic MV, Al Othman MA. Short versus standard duration antibiotic therapy for acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004872. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004872.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Biological and water quality responses to hydrologic disturbances in third‐order forested streams
Authors: Danehy Robert J. , Bilby Robert E. , Langshaw Russell B. , Evans Daniel M. , Turner Ted R. , Floyd William C. , Schoenholtz Stephen H. , Duke Steven D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe compared stream ecosystem responses to two types of disturbances: flood and debris flows. A large storm in February 1996 disturbed four similarly sized sub‐watersheds of the Calapooia River, in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA. All sub‐watersheds had flood and in two, 31 and 81% of the perennial channel, a debris flow affected the channel. For 8 years, we used a suite of approaches: stream temperature, nutrient regime, periphyton and macroinvertebrate assemblages, and resident trout abundance and habitat to evaluate the persistence of instream impacts. Differences in stream temperatures and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations were evident, probably, due to the removal of vegetation and modification of riparian soils at the debris flow sites. Instream biological responses varied. After the event, fish, including trout, were rare with no fish at the debris flow sites. Within 6 years, trout densities (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus clarki) were similar and young‐of‐the‐year trouts were common. In contrast, periphyton and macroinvertebrate assemblages differed. Periphyton biomass was lower and nitrogen‐fixing periphyton was more abundant at the debris flow sites. Macroinvertebrate assemblage diversity was higher at the debris flow sites due to fewer dominant taxa. Macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups also differed with fewer gatherers and more scrapers at the debris flow sites. Debris flow impacts related to loss of riparian canopy will probably persist until mature red alder stands are re‐established along stream‐reaches affected by debris flows to provide nitrogen input and shade. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases in the nervous system hinders thymic, splenic and immune‐competence development
Authors: Basso Veronica , Corbetta Sara , Gualdoni Sara , Tonoli Diletta , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Sanvito Francesca , Doglioni Claudio , Mondino Anna , de Curtis Ivan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe nervous system influences organ development by direct innervation and the action of hormones. We recently showed that the specific absence of Rac1 in neurons (Rac1N) in a Rac3‐deficient (Rac3KO) background causes motor behavioural defects, epilepsy, and premature mouse death around postnatal day 13. We report here that Rac1N/Rac3KO mice display a progressive loss of immune‐competence. Comparative longitudinal analysis of lymphoid organs from control, single Rac1N or Rac3KO, and double Rac1N/Rac3KO mutant animals showed that thymus development is preserved up to postnatal day 9 in all animals, but is impaired in Rac1N/Rac3KO mice at later times. This is evidenced by a drastic reduction in thymic cell numbers. Cell numbers were also reduced in the spleen, leading to splenic tissue disarray. Organ involution occurs in spite of unaltered thymocyte and lymphocyte subset composition, and proper mature T‐cell responses to polyclonal stimuli in vitro. Suboptimal thymus innervation by tau‐positive neuronal terminals possibly explains the suboptimal thymic output and arrested thymic development, which is accompanied by higher apoptotic rates. Our results support a role for neuronal Rac1 and Rac3 in dictating proper lymphoid organ development, and suggest the existence of lymphoid‐extrinsic mechanisms linking neural defects to the loss of immune‐competence.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Mono‐ and Bidentate Alkoxybenzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene Palladium Complexes: Interesting Solution Behaviour and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Simpson Peter V. , Skelton Brian W. , Brown David H. , Baker Murray V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew mono‐ and bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver and palladium complexes bearing benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene ligands have been synthesized and structurally and spectroscopically characterised. The NHC ligands are decorated with bulky substituents on the nitrogen atoms and electron‐donating butoxy groups on the benzo‐fused ring, with the aim of enhancing the ability of their complexes as catalysts. The two types of palladium complexes presented, which possess either a bidentate bis(NHC) or a mixed NHC/allyl ligand system, demonstrate significantly different activities in the Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling reactions but similar activities in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. Interesting behaviour of the mixed NHC/allyl palladium complexes in solution has been investigated.
Responses of toad tadpoles to ammonium nitrate fertilizer and predatory stress: Differences between populations on a local scale
Authors: Ortiz-Santaliestra Manuel E , Fernández-Benéitez María José , Lizana Miguel , Marco Adolfo 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Agriculture-related pollution is among the major causes of global amphibian population declines. The multiple stressors to which amphibians are exposed in the field, such as predation pressure, can make agrochemicals far more deadly than when they act in isolation. Even within a small area, diffuse agricultural pollution does not affect all aquatic environments equally, which could account for local differences in amphibian sensitivity to agrochemicals. We examined the combined effects of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (0 to 45.2 mg N-NH 4+/L) and predator stress on larval Western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes), using adult caged male marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus) as predators. We compared the interaction between both stressors in tadpoles from two ponds separated by 3 km. No significant mortality was observed (survival &gt; 80% in all cases). Local differences were detected when analyzing larval growth, with a significant interaction between factors for one of the two populations tested (Fornillos de Fermoselle). Although tadpoles exposed to 45.2 mg N-NH 4+/L were 7% smaller than controls, the presence of predators from a foreign community resulted in animals 15% larger than those raised without predators after 15 d of experiment. Interestingly, predators from the same community as the tadpoles did not affect larval growth. The length of the tadpoles from a nearby location (Mámoles) was unaffected after exposure to ammonium nitrate and predatory stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1440–1446. © 2011 SETAC