bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdonation intervals and patterns of return among blood donors in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Neto Cesar , Mendrone Jr Alfredo , Custer Brian , Liu Jing , Carneiro‐Proietti Anna Bárbara , Leão Silvana A. Carneiro , Wright David J. , Murphy Edward L. , Sabino Ester Cerdeira ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, most donations come from repeat donors, but there are little data on return behavior of donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors who made at least one whole blood donation in 2007 were followed for 2 years using a large multicenter research database. Donation frequency, interdonation intervals, and their association with donor demographics, status, and type of donation were examined among three large blood centers in Brazil, two in the southeast and one in the northeast.RESULTS: In 2007, of 306,770 allogeneic donations, 38.9% came from 95,127 first‐time donors and 61.1% from 149,664 repeat donors. Through December 31, 2009, a total of 28.1% of first‐time donors and 56.5% of repeat donors had donated again. Overall, the median interdonation interval was approximately 6 months. Among men it was 182 and 171 days for first‐time and repeat donors, and among women, 212 and 200 days. Predictors of return behavior among first‐time donors were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐1.20), community donation (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.20‐2.33), and age 24 years or less (OR, 0.62‐0.89 for donors ≥25 years). Among repeat donors predictors were male sex (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.39), age 35 years or more (OR, 1.08‐1.18 vs. ≤24 years), and community donation (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.33‐2.44). Differences in return by geographic region were evident with higher return rates in the northeast of Brazil.CONCLUSION: These data highlight the need to develop improved communication strategies for first‐time and replacement donors to convert them into repeat community donors.
Evidence‐based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men
Authors: Blumeyer Anja , Tosti Antonella , Messenger Andrew , Reygagne Pascal , del Marmol Veronique , Spuls Phyllis I. , Trakatelli Myrto , Finner Andreas , Kiesewetter Franklin , Trüeb Ralph , Rzany Berthold , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAndrogenetic alopecia is the most common hair loss disorder, affecting both men and women. Initial signs of androgenetic alopecia usually develop during teenage years leading to progressive hair loss with a pattern distribution. Moreover, its frequency increases with age and affects up to 80 % Caucasian men and 42 % of women.Patients diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia may undergo significant impairment of quality of life. Despite the high prevalence and the variety of therapeutic options available, there have been no national or international evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men and women so far. Therefore, the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) initiated a project to develop an evidence‐based S3 guideline for the treatment of andro‐genetic alopecia. Based on a systematic literature research the efficacy of the currently available therapeutic options was assessed and therapeutic recommendations were passed in a consensus conference.The purpose of the guideline is to provide dermatologists as well as general practitioners with an evidence‐based tool for choosing an efficacious and safe therapy for patients with androgenetic alopecia.
Serum S100B and neuron‐specific enolase levels in normothermic and hypothermic infants after perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Roka Aniko , Kelen Dorottya , Halasz Jozsef , Beko Gabriella , Azzopardi Denis , Szabo Miklos 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  Serum S100B and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) levels are elevated after perinatal asphyxia, but the influence of hypothermia on these proteins has not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic hypothermia on these protein levels after perinatal asphyxia, time course, and association with perinatal factors and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age.Methods:  Serum S100B and NSE levels were measured at fixed time points in asphyxiated infants treated with standard intensive care on hypothermia (HT: n = 13) or normothermia (NT: n = 11).Results:  Serum S100B and NSE levels were grossly elevated in both HT and NT groups. Compared with the values at 6 h of age, S100B values decreased over time in both groups (NT: p = 0.002, HT: p = 0.04). Serum S100B values were lower in HT infants compared with those in NT infants (p = 0.047 at 48 h). Serum S100B and NSE values were significantly higher in infants who died or developed severe neurological impairment (S100B, p < 0.05 at all time points; NSE, p = 0.036 at 24 h of age).Conclusion:  Both NSE and S100B levels are highly elevated following asphyxia. Serum S100B levels were lower in the HT group and strongly correlated with the neurodevelopmental outcome.
Penile Duplex Ultrasonography in Men with Peyronie’s Disease: Is it Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction or Poor Cavernosal Arterial Inflow that Contributes to Erectile Dysfunction?
Authors: Chung Eric , De Young Ling , Brock Gerald B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
At least 20% of men with Peyronie’s disease (PD) suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED). The fundamental mechanism is thought to arise from the progression of penile fibrosis, which was initially limited to the PD plaque within the tunica albuginea. However, recent studies have highlighted the possibility of fibrosis of the cavernosal vessel media wall leading to impairment of arterial inflow.

Aim
To evaluate the penile duplex ultrasonographic findings in PD of impotent men and to determine whether early features of PD might predict clinical progression.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient demographic, comorbidities, International Index of Erectile Function-5 scores, surgical intervention, and physical findings were documented. Penile curvature, plaque size, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) on color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) were recorded.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all men presenting with penile curvature and length loss who underwent penile CDU between January 2001 and January 2010.

Results
A total of 1,120 men underwent penile CDU during the 10-year period. Complete information was obtained in 810 men; 250 men complained of decreased penile rigidity, while 150 men were unable to sustain erection. Comorbidities were similar between men with PD with and without ED. Tunical thickening (65%) was the most common CDU feature, and mean cumulative calcifications was 24.2 mm2 (1–360 mm2, standard deviation 76). The PSV and EDV on the right cavernosal artery were 14.2 cm/second and 3.5 cm/second, while the left cavernosal artery measurements were 15.1 cm/second and 3.2 cm/second. Multivariate logistic regression model showed strong correlation between plaque size and development of ED. Both veno-occlusive dysfunction and impaired cavernosal arterial inflow were associated with ED.

Conclusions
Veno-occlusive dysfunction and impaired cavernosal arterial inflow contributed to the development of ED, and larger plaque size is a strong predictor of surgical intervention.
Tadalafil 2.5 or 5 mg Administered Once Daily for 12 Weeks in Men with Both Erectile Dysfunction and Signs and Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Egerdie Russell Blair , Auerbach Stephen , Roehrborn Claus G. , Costa Pierre , Garza Martin Sanchez , Esler Anne L. , Wong David G. , Secrest Roberta J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS) commonly coexist in aging men. Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor approved for treating ED, is currently being evaluated for treating BPH-LUTS.

Aims
This multinational Phase 3 study assessed effects of tadalafil 2.5 or 5 mg once daily on ED and BPH-LUTS in men with both conditions during 12 weeks of double-blinded therapy.

Methods
Men were ≥45 years old, sexually active, and experiencing ED for ≥3 months and BPH-LUTS for &gt;6 months. Randomization (baseline) followed a 4-week placebo lead-in; changes from baseline were assessed via analysis of covariance and compared to placebo. A gatekeeping procedure controlled for multiple comparisons of co-primary and key secondary measures at end point (last post-baseline observation).

Main Outcome Measures
The co-primary measures were the International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function (IIEF-EF) domain and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score; key secondary measures were the Sexual Encounter Profile Question 3 (SEP Q3) and BPH Impact Index (BII). Treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, orthostatic vital signs, clinical laboratory and uroflowmetry parameters, and postvoid residual volume were assessed.

Results
Tadalafil 2.5 mg (N = 198) and 5 mg (N = 208) significantly improved IIEF-EF domain scores (both P &lt; 0.001) vs. placebo (N = 200) at end point. For IPSS, improvements were significant with tadalafil 5 mg (P &lt; 0.001), but not 2.5 mg, for observations from 2 weeks through end point (least-squares mean ± standard error change from baseline at end point, placebo −3.8 ± 0.5, tadalafil 2.5 mg −4.6 ± 0.4, and 5 mg −6.1 ± 0.4). Tadalafil 5 mg significantly improved SEP Q3 and BII (P &lt; 0.001). Overall, tadalafil was well tolerated with no clinically adverse changes in orthostatic vital signs or uroflowmetry parameters.

Conclusions
Tadalafil 5 mg significantly improved both ED and BPH-related outcomes through 12 weeks and was well tolerated.
Investigative Models in Erectile Dysfunction: A State-of-the-Art Review of Current Animal Models
Authors: Chung Eric , De Young Ling , Brock Gerald B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder producing a significant negative impact on the physical and psychosocial health of men and their partners. The development of ED is frequently attributable to both psychogenic factors as well as physiological alterations in neural, vascular, hormonal, and endothelial function. While the complex nature of human sexual function cannot possibly be replicated fully, the use of animal models provides a valid alternative to the investigation and evaluation of sexual dysfunction.

Aim
To review the existing English literature pertaining to the use of experimental models (predominantly rodent models) for the evaluation of ED.

Main Outcome Measures
Summary of relevant animal models of ED and the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model.

Methods
A Medline search using the key words “animal models of erectile dysfunction” was carried out and all relevant peer-reviewed English language was evaluated.

Results
While larger animals such as dogs, monkeys, cats, and rabbits were used in the early period of investigation (1960–1990), in recent times, rodents have largely replaced other animals as the predominant animal model for investigating erectile function. The most frequently reported models of ED can be classified as traumatic (cavernous nerve injury and arterial ligation) and metabolic (diabetic, hypercholesterolemia/lipidemia, and castration). Other models that have been studied include organic (smoking, hypertension, and chronic renal failure) and nonorganic (psychological) models.

Conclusions
The development and utilization of the various rodent models has allowed for significant advances in the field of sexual dysfunction. Neurophysiological studies using the various animal models have provided important insights into human sexual dysfunction. At present, animal models play a significant role in evaluating novel therapeutics and surgical techniques and will likely continue to remain a vital research tool in the future.
Urban drainage in Ireland – embracing sustainable systems
Authors: O'Sullivan John J. , Bruen Michael , Purcell Padraig J. , Gebre Fasil 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe current approach to stormwater management in Ireland requires that outflows from new developments are restricted to greenfield values that would have occurred prior to development. This typically involved the use of holding tanks constructed within developments to attenuate stormwater from where it was released at a reduced rate via a control structure to a nearby drainage network or watercourse. Improved drainage policies now require that sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are used to meet this objective. This study presents an evaluation of perceived issues that may impede the adoption of new policies. The findings are based on surveys and focus groups of practitioners involved with the planning and design of drainage systems. Although the study indicates that benefits of SuDS are reasonably well understood, their use, for many reasons, has remained less popular. Concerns with ongoing maintenance and long‐term responsibility of SuDS remain impediments to the embracing of these systems in drainage strategies.
Effects of seed addition on beetle assemblages during the re‐creation of species‐rich lowland hay meadows
Authors: WOODCOCK BEN A. , WESTBURY Duncan B. , BROOK Alex J. , LAWSON Clare S. , EDWARDS Andrew R. , HARRIS Stephanie J. , HEARD Matthew S. , BROWN Valerie K. , MORTIMER Simon R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.  1. Species‐rich lowland hay meadows are of conservation importance for both plants and invertebrates; however, they have declined in area across Europe as a result of conversion to other land uses and management intensification. The re‐creation of these grasslands on ex‐arable land provides a valuable approach to increasing the extent and conservation value of this threatened habitat.2. Over a 3‐year period a replicated block design was used to test whether introducing seeds promoted the re‐creation of both plant and phytophagous beetle assemblages typical of a target hay meadow. Seeds were harvested from local hay meadows, and applied to experimental plots in the form of either green hay or brush harvesting seeds.3. Green hay spreading achieved the greatest success in re‐creating plant and phytophagous beetle assemblages. While re‐creation success increased over time for both taxa, for the phytophagous beetles the greatest increase in re‐creation success relative to the establishment year also occurred where green hay was applied. We also considered the phytophagous beetles in terms of functional traits that describe host plant specificity, larval feeding location and dispersal. Phytophagous beetle functional trait composition was most similar to the target hay meadow assemblage where some form of seed addition was used, i.e. hay spreading or brush harvested seeds.4. This study identified the importance of introducing target plant species as a mechanism to promote the re‐creation of phytophagous beetle communities. Seed addition methods (e.g. green hay spreading) are crucial to successful hay meadow re‐creation.
A handheld fluorescence molecular tomography system for intraoperative optical imaging of tumor margins
Authors: Zhao Qing , Jiang Huabei , Cao Zehong , Yang Lily , Mao Hui , Lipowska Malgorzata 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:Accurate identification of tumor margins presents a major challenge in the surgical treatment of human cancers. Inability of complete removal of tumor lesions after surgery causes local recurrence and increases the incidence of developing tumor metastasis. It is clear that novel approaches that allow defining tumor margins intraoperatively for removal of small tumor lesions in the surgical cavity is critical for improving prognosis of cancer patients. To facilitate image‐guided surgery using targeted optical imaging probes, we have developed a reflection‐mode fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) system with a handheld probe that is able to provide three‐dimensional tumor margin information.Methods:The imaging method and system were validated using both simulated and phantom experiments. We further examined the accuracy of the handheld FMT system in an orthotopic mouse mammary tumor model following systemic delivery of near‐infrared (NIR) dye‐labeled and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor targeted magnet iron oxide nanoparticles.Results:Our results show that when the targets are located within 5 mm beneath the surface of the media, fluorescent images can be reliably detected and reconstructed with an average positional error of 0.5 mm laterally and 1.5 mm axially. For in vivo imaging in the mouse tumor model, the location and size of the tumor detected by FMT correlated well with that measured by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Conclusions:Our system can three‐dimensionally image targets located at a depth of up to 7 mm. Thein vivo results suggest that in combination with targeted optical imaging probes, this handheld FMT system can be potentially used as an intraoperative tool for the detection of tumor margins and for image‐guided surgery.
Identifying context-specific competencies required by community Australian Football sports trainers
Authors: Donaldson Alex , Finch Caroline F 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundFirst-aid is a recommended injury prevention and risk management strategy in community sport; however, little is known about the sport-specific competencies required by first-aid providers.ObjectiveTo achieve expert consensus on the competencies required by community Australian Football (community-AF) sports trainers.Study designA three-round online Delphi process.SettingCommunity-AF.Participants16 Australian sports first-aid and community-AF experts.Outcome measuresRating of competencies as either ‘essential’, ‘expected’, ‘ideal’ or ‘not required’.ResultsAfter Round 3, 47 of the 77 (61%) competencies were endorsed as ‘essential’ or ‘expected’ for a sports trainer to effectively perform the activities required to the standards expected at a community-AF club by ≥75% of experts. These competencies covered: the role of the sports trainer; the responsibilities of the sports trainer; emergency management; injury and illness assessment and immediate management; taping; and injury prevention and risk management. Four competencies (5%) were endorsed as ‘ideal’ or ‘not required’ by ≥85% of experts and were excluded from further consideration. The 26 competencies where consensus was not reached were retained as second-tier, optional competencies.ConclusionsSports trainers are important members of on-field first-aid teams, providing support to both injured players and other sports medicine professionals. The competencies identified in this study provide the basis of a proposed two-tiered community-AF–specific sports trainer education structure that can be implemented by the peak sports body. This includes six mandatory modules, relating to the ‘required’ competencies, and a further six optional modules covering competencies on which consensus was not reached.
LPA Receptor Heterodimerizes with CD97 to Amplify LPA-Initiated RHO-Dependent Signaling and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Ward Yvona , Lake Ross , Yin Juan Juan , Heger Christopher D. , Raffeld Mark , Goldsmith Paul K. , Merino Maria , Kelly Kathleen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCD97, an adhesion-linked G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), is induced in multiple epithelial cancer lineages. We address here the signaling properties and the functional significance of CD97 expression in prostate cancer. Our findings show that CD97 signals through Gα12/13 to increase RHO-GTP levels. CD97 functioned to mediate invasion in prostate cancer cells, at least in part, by associating with lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1), leading to enhanced LPA-dependent RHO and extracellular signal–regulated kinase activation. Consistent with its role in invasion, depletion of CD97 in PC3 cells resulted in decreased bone metastasis without affecting subcutaneous tumor growth. Furthermore, CD97 heterodimerized and functionally synergized with LPAR1, a GPCR implicated in cancer progression. We also found that CD97 and LPAR expression were significantly correlated in clinical prostate cancer specimens. Taken together, these findings support the investigation of CD97 as a potential therapeutic cancer target. Cancer Res; 71(23); 7301–11. ©2011 AACR.
Acquisition of Resistance toward HYD1 Correlates with a Reduction in Cleaved α4 Integrin Expression and a Compromised CAM-DR Phenotype
Authors: Emmons Michael F. , Gebhard Anthony W. , Nair Rajesh R. , Baz Rachid , McLaughlin Mark L. , Cress Anne E. , Hazlehurst Lori A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe recently reported that the β1 integrin antagonist, referred to as HYD1, induces necrotic cell death in myeloma cell lines as a single agent using in vitro and in vivo models. In this article, we sought to delineate the determinants of sensitivity and resistance toward HYD1-induced cell death. To this end, we developed an HYD1 isogenic resistant myeloma cell line by chronically exposing H929 myeloma cells to increasing concentrations of HYD1. Our data indicate that the acquisition of resistance toward HYD1 correlates with reduced levels of the cleaved α4 integrin subunit. Consistent with reduced VLA-4 (α4β1) expression, the resistant variant showed ablated functional binding to fibronectin, VCAM-1, and the bone marrow stroma cell line HS-5. The reduction in binding of the resistant cell line to HS-5 cells translated to a compromised cell adhesion-mediated drug resistant phenotype as shown by increased sensitivity to melphalan- and bortezomib-induced cell death in the bone marrow stroma coculture model of drug resistance. Importantly, we show that HYD1 is more potent in relapsed myeloma specimens than newly diagnosed patients, a finding that correlated with α4 integrin expression. Collectively, these data indicate that this novel d-amino acid peptide may represent a good candidate for pursuing clinical trials in relapsed myeloma and in particular patients with high levels of α4 integrin. Moreover, our data provide further rationale for continued preclinical development of HYD1 and analogues of HYD1 for the treatment of multiple myeloma and potentially other tumors that home and/or metastasize to the bone. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2257–66. ©2011 AACR.
Heparin Strongly Induces Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Release In Vivo and In Vitro—Brief Report
Authors: Searle Julia , Mockel Martin , Gwosc Stefanie , Datwyler Saul A. , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Albert Gesa I. , Holert Fabian , Isbruch Annette , Klug Lars , Muller Dominik N. , Dechend Ralf , Muller Reinhold , Vollert Joern O. , Slagman Anna , Mueller Christian , Herse Florian 
Published: October 2011

Objective—
Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and coronary artery disease. Because sFlt1 has a heparin-binding site, we investigated whether or not heparin releases sFlt1 from the extracellular matrix.

Methods and Results—
We measured sFlt1 before and after heparin administration in 135 patients undergoing coronary angiography, percutanous coronary intervention, or both. sFlt1 was increased directly after heparin administration (from 254 to 13 440 pg/mL) and returned to baseline within 10 hours. Umbilical veins and endothelial cells treated with heparin released sFlt1. Heparinase I and III also increased sFlt1. Mice treated with heparin had elevated sFlt1 serum levels. Their serum inhibited endothelial tube formation.

Conclusion—
Heparin releases sFlt1 by displacing the sFlt1 heparin-binding site from heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Heparin could induce an antiangiogenic state.