bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported gastrointestinal adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in female students with dysmenorrhoea at Makerere University: prevalence, discontinuation and associated factors. a cross sectional study
Authors: Gobba Solomon , Kibone Winnie , Kiguba Ronald 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhoea occurs in up to 50% of menstruating females. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used therapeutic remedies for dysmenorrhoea in Uganda. However, NSAIDs are associated with a 3–5 fold increase in the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse drug effects.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported NSAID-related GI adverse effects in female students who use NSAIDs in managing dysmenorrhoea-associated pain at Makerere University.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMakerere University’s main campus, situated North of Kampala, Uganda.Participants314 female students pursuing an undergraduate programme at Makerere University and residing in different halls of residence and hostels.OutcomesSocial demographic data, menstrual history and treatment data.ResultsOverall, 314 valid responses were received from female students with a median age of 22 years (IQR: 18–29 years). The median age at menarche was 13 years (IQR: 9–18 years). 41% (n=129/314) of the respondents had used medication for dysmenorrhoea and 32% (n=41/129) of whom reported NSAID-associated GI adverse effects with nausea being the most frequently reported (44%, n=18/41)Factors independently associated with GI adverse effects were: age at menarche (p=0.026), duration of menstruation (p=0.030) and use of ibuprofen (p=0.005). Females taking ibuprofen for dysmenorrhoea were about four times as likely to have NSAID-associated GI adverse effects (adjusted OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.51 to 9.91) than those who did not receive ibuprofen. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with self-reported adverse effects of NSAIDs among the female students. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ConclusionWe found a considerably high prevalence of NSAID-related GI adverse effects driven by factors such as age at menarche and ibuprofen use.
COVID-19 profiles in general practice: a latent class analysis
Authors: Ferrat Emilie , Mirat William , Boutin Emmanuelle , Maroto Emilie , Brossier Sophie , Hoonakker Jean-Denis , Audureau Etienne , Phan Tan-Trung , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) were on the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak. Identifying clinical profiles in COVID-19 might improve patient care and enable closer monitoring of at-risk profiles.ObjectivesTo identify COVID-19 profiles in a population of adult primary care patients, and to determine whether the profiles were associated with negative outcomes and persistent symptoms.Design, setting and participantsIn a prospective multicentre study, 44 GPs from multiprofessional primary care practices in the Paris area of France recruited 340 consecutive adult patients (median age: 47 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 during the first two waves of the epidemic.Method and outcomeA latent class (LC) analysis with 11 indicators (clinical signs and symptoms) was performed. The resulting profiles were characterised by a 3-month composite outcome (COVID-19-related hospital admission and/or death) and persistent symptoms three and 6 months after inclusion.ResultsWe identified six profiles: ‘paucisymptomatic’ (LC1, 9%), ‘anosmia and/or ageusia’ (LC2, 12.9%), ‘influenza-like syndrome with anosmia and ageusia’ (LC3, 15.5%), ‘influenza-like syndrome without anosmia or ageusia’ (LC4, 24.5%), ‘influenza-like syndrome with respiratory impairment’ (LC5) and a ‘complete form’ (LC6, 17.7%). At 3 months, 7.4% of the patients were hospitalised (with higher rates in LC5), and 18% had persistent symptoms (with higher rates in LC5 and LC6). At 6 months, 6.4% of the patients had persistent symptoms, with no differences between LCs.ConclusionOur findings might help GPs to identify patients at risk of persistent COVID-19 symptoms and hospital admission and then set up procedures for closer monitoring.
Facilitators and barriers to codesigning social robots with older adults with dementia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hung Lillian , Chen Irene , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Jackson Lynn , Lou Vivian W Q 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionSocial robots including telepresence robots have emerged as potential support in dementia care. However, the effectiveness of these robots hinges significantly on their design and utility. These elements are often best understood by their end-users. Codesign involves collaborating directly with the end-users of a product during its development process. Engaging people with dementia in the design of social robots ensures that the products cater to their unique requirements, preferences, challenges, and needs. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the facilitators, barriers, and strategies in codesigning social robots with older adults with dementia.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and will be conducted from November 2023 to April 2024. The steps of search strategy will involve identifying keywords and index terms from CINAHL and PubMed, completing search using identified keywords and index terms across selected databases (Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, AgeLine, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, IEEE, and Google Scholar), and hand-searching the reference lists from chosen literature for additional literature. The grey literature will be searched using Google. Three research assistants will screen the titles and abstracts independently by referring to the inclusion criteria. Three researchers will independently assess the full text of literature following to the inclusion criteria. The data will be presented in a table with narratives that answers the questions of the scoping review.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethics approval because it collects data from publicly available resources. The findings will offer insights to inform future research and development of robots through collaboration with older people with dementia. In addition, the scoping review results will be disseminated through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
External validation of three diabetes prediction scores in a Spanish cohort: does adding high risk for depression improve the validation of the FINDRISC score (FINDRISC-MOOD)?
Authors: Salinero-Fort Miguel , Mostaza-Prieto Jose M , Lahoz-Rallo Carlos , Cárdenas-Valladolid Juan , Iriarte-Campo Victor , Estirado-Decabo Eva , Garcia-Iglesias Francisca , Gonzalez-Alegre Teresa , Fernandez-Puntero Belen , Cornejo-Del Rio Victor M , Sanchez-Arroyo Vanesa , Sabín-Rodríguez Concesa , López-López Silvia , Gómez-Campelo Paloma , Taulero-Escalera Belen , Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando , San Andrés-Rebollo Francisco Javier , De Burgos-Lunar Carmen 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the external validity of the FINDRISC, DESIR and ADA risk scores for the prediction of diabetes in a Spanish population aged >45 years and to test the possible improvement of FINDRISC by adding a new variable of high risk of depression when Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire score ≥10 (FINDRISC-MOOD).DesignProspective population-based cohort study.Setting10 primary healthcare centres in the north of the city of Madrid (Spain).ParticipantsA total of 1242 participants without a history of diabetes and with 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma glucose <200 mg/dL (<11.1 mmol/L) were followed up for 7.3 years (median) using their electronic health records (EHRs) and telephone contact.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDiabetes risk scores (FINDRISC, DESIR, ADA), PHQ-9 questionnaire and 2-hour-OGTT were measured at baseline. Incident diabetes was defined as treatment for diabetes, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L), new EHR diagnosis or self-reported diagnosis. External validation was performed according to optimal cut-off, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index. Comparison between diabetes risk scores, including FINDRISC-MOOD (original FINDRISC score plus five points if PHQ-9 ≥10), was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsDuring follow-up, 104 (8.4%; 95% CI, 6.8 to 9.9) participants developed diabetes and 185 had a PHQ-9 score ≥10. The AUROC values were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.72) for FINDRISC-MOOD and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.71) for the original FINDRISC. The AUROCs for DESIR and ADA were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.69), respectively. There were no significant differences in AUROC between FINDRISC-MOOD and the other scores.ConclusionsThe results of FINDRISC-MOOD were like those of the other risk scores and do not allow it to be recommended for clinical use.
Loneliness in the Digital World: protocol for a co-produced ecological momentary assessment study in adolescents
Authors: Xiao Zhuoni , Robertson Sarah , Long Emily , Flaig Robin , Kirby Liz , Romaniuk Liana , Murray Aja , Whalley Heather 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionLoneliness has been identified as an important public health issue, peaking during adolescence. Previous research has suggested that social interaction is a key factor in loneliness, and positive social interaction can act as a protective factor against loneliness. However, it is unclear whether there are differing impacts of in-person and online social interaction on adolescents’ loneliness and mental health. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) designs are ideally suited for better understanding these associations.Method and analysisIn the ‘Loneliness in the Digital World’ study, we will use a co-developed EMA design to capture daily social interactions, loneliness and mental health such as positive and negative emotions, depression and anxiety in approximately 200 adolescents aged 12–15 years. We will combine this with comprehensive information gathered from online surveys. Analysing the data using techniques such as dynamic structural equation modelling, we will examine, among other research questions, the associations between online and in-person social interaction and feelings of loneliness. The results can help inform interventions to support adolescents with high levels of loneliness and poor mental health.Ethics and disseminationWe received the ethics approval for the data collection from The Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development, followed by the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Ethics panel at University of Edinburgh, and finally reviewed by East of Scotland Research Ethics Service. The results will be disseminated through journal publications, conferences and seminar presentations and to relevant stakeholders such as teachers.
Anal cancer screening in women with a history of human papillomavirus-related lower genital tract cancers: a pilot study
Authors: Poynten Isobel Mary , Jin Fengyi , Farrell Rhonda , Tejada-Berges Trevor , Law Carmella , Hillman Richard , Roberts Jennifer , Grulich Andrew 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesWomen diagnosed with a history of lower genital tract cancer (LGTC) and precancer are at increased risk of anal cancer. Screening for anal cancer in a manner analogous to cervical cancer may detect precursor anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and prevent progression to cancer.MethodsIn a pilot study of anal cancer screening, women with previous LGTC and aged ≥18 years in Sydney, Australia underwent a digital anorectal examination, anal swab for human papillomavirus (HPV) and p16/Ki67 testing and completed a questionnaire. Participants with positive HPV and/or p16/Ki67 results were referred for a high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and evaluation of their HSILs.ResultsOf 52 participants, 46 agreed to screening and 6 provided demographic information only. Median age was 46.5 years (IQR: 36.0–59.0). Anal high-risk HPV (HRHPV) was detected in only seven (15.2%) participants (three HPV16). Eight (17.4%) had positive p16/Ki67 dual staining, with invalid results for 25 (54.4%). Of 10 women referred for HRA, 9 attended and 3 had HSILs, representing 6.5% of the screened population. Questionnaires were completed by 41 participants (89.1%). The majority reported that being screened was reassuring (97.5%) and was positive for their health (95.1%).ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated a lower-than-expected prevalence of anal HRHPV. Screening with HRHPV and p16/Ki67 staining identified anal HSILs in 6.5% of screened women. Despite some discomfort, screening was viewed as beneficial by almost all participants. The utility of p16/Ki67 dual staining was low, suggesting it may not be a suitable anal cancer screening methodology.
Safety of carrageenan-based gels as preventive microbicides: a narrative review
Authors: Laurie Cassandra , El-Zein Mariam , Franco Eduardo L 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCarrageenan-containing gels researched for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have shown promising results for human papillomavirus prevention in women, but not in men. We conducted a narrative review to assess the safety of these gels for genital use.MethodsWe searched PubMed using MeSH terms and keywords on 5 November 2023. Title/abstract of articles were screened to identify relevant ones. Full-text screening determined eligibility: empirical study evaluating safety of carrageenan-containing gel(s) for genital use.ResultsOf the 125 identified records, 15 were eligible, comprising 14 (10 randomised controlled trials and 4 cohorts) unique study populations. Studies included women only (n=11), men only (n=1) or both (n=3); number of participants ranged from 4 to 6202. Safety was assessed for vaginal (n=13), penile (n=3) and anal use (n=2). Most studies assessed safety of Carraguard (53%), followed by Divine9 (14%), and one each of iota-carrageenan gel, lambda-carrageenan gel, Carvir, PC-6500 (griffithsin and carrageenan) and PC-1005 (MIV-150/zinc acetate/carrageenan). Safety assessment relied on self-report (80.0%), testing for STIs (53.3%), investigator-identified genital findings (93.3%) and/or testing for changes in genital flora (60.0%). Adverse events (AEs) were described by investigators as mostly mild, (mostly) comparable between groups, not observed and/or not significant for vaginal and penile use. Only one study, assessing anal use of carrageenan, reported a significantly higher proportion of AEs in the carrageenan compared with placebo group.ConclusionsCarrageenan-based gels are generally well tolerated for vaginal and penile, but not anal use. Studies on carrageenan gel’s safety for anal use are scarce.
Energy levels and characteristic features in photoionization of Cl III using the R-matrix method
Authors: Nahar Sultana N. 
Published: June 2024

We report study of Cl III for its large number of fine structure bound levels, 890, with n ≤ 10 and l ≤ 9, and 1/2 ≤ j ≤ 19/2 of even and odd parities with spectroscopic designation and photoionization cross sections (σPI) of the levels revealing various characteristic features. Various resonant structures and the shapes of the background, and their interference in σPI are illustrated for the ground, excited equivalent electron, low and high lying excited levels with single valence electron, and effects of fine structure couplings. σPI of the ground level shows Rydberg series of resonances on smooth background, and of equivalent electron levels producing strong closely spaced Rydberg series of resonances belonging to the low lying core ion excitation thresholds. They will impact applications in low temperature plasma. For the single valence electron excited levels, we find that σPI of low lying excited states are dominated by Rydberg series of resonances and of high lying excited states exhibit prominent broad feature of Seaton resonances. Partial photoionization cross sections of the ground level for leaving the core ion in the ground and various excited levels are also presented for applications in plasma modeling. The study was carried out in relativistic Breit–Pauli R-matrix method using a large close coupling wave function expansion of 45 levels of the core ion configurations 3 s23 p2, 3 s3 p3, 3 s23 p3 d, 3 s23 p4 s, 3 s3 p23 d, and 3 p4 with closed 1s, 2s, 2p orbitals. They belong to the optimized set of 13 configurations of Cl IV, 3 s23 p2, 3 s3 p3, 3 s23 p3 d, 3 s23 p4 s, 3 s23 p4 p, 3 s23 p4 d, 3 s3 p23 d, 3 s3 p24 s, 3 s3 p24 p, 3 p4, 3 p33 d, 3 p34 s, and 3 p34 p. Cl III energies are in good agreement with measured values. σPI features of low lying levels were benchmark with observation carried out at Advanced Light Source at LBNL with very good agreement. The present set of high accuracy data should complete for any practical applications.
Pascual Jordan: from matrix multiplication to interference law
Authors: Costantini Domenico , Ferigato Carlo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPascual Jordan was the first to propose the law of interference of probability amplitudes as a principle of quantum mechanics. We analyze the role of probabilistic ideas played in this proposal from a historical perspective. In particular, we point out the relation between the usual theory of probability that Jordan called elementary and quantum mechanics. Jordan was the first to stress the analogy between the law of total probability and the law of interference. In this regard, we speculate about the intellectual path Jordan might have followed in order to arrive at the interference law. We do not oppose the usual probability to quantum probability. Instead, we are convinced, as Jordan was, that the rules of quantum mechanics are the rules of a probability theory that has ceased to be elementary.
Nash Smoothing on the Test Bench: Hα-Essential Equilibria
Authors: Duman Papatya , Trockel Walter 
Published: June 2024

Nash’s [1953] demand game models the second step in a “two-move game” that formalizes his “Negotiation Model”. Nash claimed for any two-person bargaining game [Formula: see text] the existence of a unique stable equilibrium of its associated second move demand game that by its payoff vector supports the symmetric Nash solution of that bargaining game. Nash’s negotiation game is considered the first contribution to the Nash program. Only weaker versions of stability than that claimed by Nash have been formally proven later by other authors. However, Nash’s request for “studying the relative stabilities” of the demand game’s equilibria has never been complied with. By performing that task, we establish analogous stability results for all generalized Nash solutions and thereby disprove Nash’s “unique stability” claim. Furthermore, we explain the impact of our result on the Nash solution with endogenous variable threats (NBWT) of the two move negotiation game, which is defined as the symmetric Nash solution of that bargaining game [Formula: see text] whose status quo point [Formula: see text] is the unique payoff vector of the payoff-equivalent equilibria of the first move threat game.
Clinical Outcomes of Frozen-Thawed Single Blastocyst Transfers in Relation to Blastocyst Diameter and Timing of Cryopreservation
Authors: Saito Mizuho , Hattori Hiromitsu , Koizumi Masae , Toya Mayumi , Igarashi Hideki , Kyono Koichi 
Published: June 2024

Background: It is important to select blastocysts based on their likelihood of leading to pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to focus on expansion time and blastocyst diameter as simple factors to assess blastocysts relative to clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is based on 1,514 cycles in women [Formula: see text] years who underwent frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT) between November 2017 and February 2021. Blastocysts were classified according to the time they reached [Formula: see text]m inner diameter (116, 120, and 140[Formula: see text]h). Furthermore, blastocyst diameter at freezing was classified into three groups: groups S (under 167[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), M (167–181[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), and L (over 181[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m), based on tertile values. We compared the clinical outcomes (including the clinical pregnancy rate [CPR]) of FBT. Results: CPR was significantly higher in groups M and L than in group S at 116[Formula: see text]h ([Formula: see text]). At 120[Formula: see text]h, CPR in group L was significantly higher than in group S ([Formula: see text]). However, at 140[Formula: see text]h, there were no significant differences among the three groups. There were no significant differences in miscarriage rates at 116, 120, and 140[Formula: see text]h. When only good quality embryos were compared, group L resulted in a significantly higher CPR than group S at 116[Formula: see text]h ([Formula: see text]). At 120[Formula: see text]h, both groups M and L had significantly higher CPR than group S ([Formula: see text]). There were no significant differences at 140[Formula: see text]h. Conclusion: These results suggest that when multiple embryos are frozen at the same time on day 5 of culture, a higher pregnancy rate can be obtained by selecting embryos with larger blastocyst diameters. In addition, it is important to confirm sufficient blastocyst expansion before cryopreservation.
The Risk of Virus Emergence in South America: A Subtle Balance Between Increasingly Favorable Conditions and a Protective Environment
Authors: de Thoisy Benoit , Gräf Tiago , Mansur Daniel Santos , Delfraro Adriana , dos Santos Claudia Nunes Duarte 
Published: June 2024

South American ecosystems host astonishing biodiversity, with potentially great richness in viruses. However, these ecosystems have not yet been the source of any widespread, epidemic viruses. Here we explore a set of putative causes that may explain this apparent paradox. We discuss that human presence in South America is recent, beginning around 14,000 years ago; that few domestications of native species have occurred; and that successive immigration events associated with Old World virus introductions reduced the likelihood of spillovers and adaptation of local viruses into humans. Also, the diversity and ecological characteristics of vertebrate hosts might serve as protective factors. Moreover, although forest areas remained well preserved until recently, current brutal, sudden, and large-scale clear cuts through the forest have resulted in nearly no ecotones, which are essential for creating an adaptive gradient of microbes, hosts, and vectors. This may be temporarily preventing virus emergence. Nevertheless, the mid-term effect of such drastic changes in habitats and landscapes, coupled with explosive urbanization and climate changes, must not be overlooked by health authorities.