bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of veno-veno-arterial ECMO as a successful strategy in acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle rupture causing cardiogenic shock and profound hypoxemia: a case report
Authors: Al-Sarraf Nael , Maher Adel , Muddaiah Nanda Kishore , Agzamov Yuldash , Jabbour Nawar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Acute mitral regurgitation (MR) secondary to papillary muscle rupture is a rare mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction occurring in 0.05–0.26% of all cases of myocardial infarction. The only treatment is emergency mitral valve surgery with high operative mortality reaching up to 39%. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) as a stabilization strategy and a bridge to recovery may potentially improve the outcome of such cases. Here, we report a case of acute MR presenting with cardiogenic shock and severe hypoxia that required insertion of veno-veno-arterial ECMO initially and followed by emergency mitral valve replacement. This strategy proved useful with full recovery of the patient.
Factors Associated With the Discontinuation of Two Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapies in Programmatic Settings in the United States
Authors: Asare-Baah Michael , Salmon-Trejo LaTweika A T , Venkatappa Thara , Garfein Richard S , Aiona Kaylynn , Haas Michelle , Séraphin Marie Nancy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate timing and risk factors for discontinuation of short-course tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) comparing directly observed 3-month isoniazid/rifapentine (3HP) vs self-administered 4-month rifampin (4R).

Methods
This was a subanalysis of a 6-month health department cohort (2016–2017) of 993 latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients initiating 3HP (20%) or 4R (80%). Time at risk of TPT discontinuation was compared across regimens. Risk factors were assessed using mixed-effects Cox models.

Results
Short-course TPT discontinuation was higher with 4R (31% vs 14%; P &lt; .0001), though discontinuation timing was similar. Latino ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.20–2.90) and adverse events (HR, 4.30; 95% CI, 2.60–7.30) increased 3HP discontinuation risk. Social–behavioral factors such as substance misuse (HR, 12.00; 95% CI, 2.20–69.00) and congregate living (HR, 21.00; 95% CI, 1.20–360.00) increased 4R discontinuation risk.

Conclusions
TPT discontinuation differed by regimen, with distinct risk factors. Addressing social determinants of health within TPT programs is critical to enhance completion rates and reduce TB disease risk in marginalized populations.
Uncovering the worldwide footprint of an ancient relictual lineage of harvestmen: new genus and species of Buemarinoidae from Australia (Opiliones: Laniatores: Triaenonychoidea)
Authors: Porto Willians , Monod Lionel , Pérez-González Abel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phocyx gen. nov. and Phocyx australis sp. nov. have been newly described from New South Wales, Australia. This represents the first record of the family Buemarinoidae in Australia, thereby remarkably extending the known distribution of this ancient and relictual group of Opiliones. Our descriptions include images of genital morphology, a critical element in group diagnosis. Additionally, we present a discourse on the conserved external morphology within Triaenonychoidea and underscore the significance of genital morphology in the taxonomy of this superfamily. Very low species diversity and relict taxa surviving in scattered isolated refugia (tropical environments of the Southern Hemisphere and hypogean habitats of the Northern Hemisphere) are a clear signature that extinction probably played a major role in shaping the current distribution ranges of Buemarinoidae. That is also reflected in buemarinoid systematics by the prevalence of monotypic genera, a product of the large-scale extinction process affecting this old harvestman lineage.
LL37/FPR2 regulates neutrophil mPTP promoting the development of neutrophil extracellular traps in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lou Xueying , Chen Hongliang , Chen Songwei , Ji Haixia , He Tianzhen , Chen Hui , Zhu Rongrong , Le Yingying , Sang Aimin , Yu Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by chronic, low‐grade inflammation. This state may be related to the heightened production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by high glucose (HG). Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL37) is an endogenous ligand of G protein‐coupled chemoattractant receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), expressed on neutrophils and facilitating the formation and stabilization of the structure of NETs. In this study, we detected neutrophils cultured under different conditions, the retinal tissue of diabetic mice, and fibrovascular epiretinal membranes (FVM) samples of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to explore the regulating effect of LL37/FPR2 on neutrophil in the development of NETs during the process of DR. Specifically, HG or NG with LL37 upregulates the expression of FPR2 in neutrophils, induces the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), promotes the increase of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial ROS, and then leads to the rise of NET production, which is mainly manifested by the release of DNA reticular structure and the increased expression of NETs‐related markers. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated in neutrophils, and the phosphorylation level was enhanced by FPR2 agonists in vitro. In vivo, increased expression of NETs markers was detected in the retina of diabetic mice and in FVM, vitreous fluid, and serum of PDR patients. Transgenic FPR2 deletion led to decreased NETs in the retina of diabetic mice. Furthermore, in vitro, inhibition of the LL37/FPR2/mPTP axis and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway decreased NET production induced by high glucose. These results suggested that FPR2 plays an essential role in regulating the production of NETs induced by HG, thus may be considered as one of the potential therapeutic targets.
Modifications to the WHISTLE Flap Procedure for Correction of Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities
Authors: Collar Yagas Lucia , Bautista Catherine H. , Chen Joanna , Tausinga Telisha L. , Kim Erinn N. , Johns Dana N. , Gociman Barbu R. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The whistle deformity, a deficiency of tissue in the central upper lip, is a consequential outcome of primary cleft lip repair. Among multiple described reconstructive options, the wide-hinged island swing transposition labial enhancement (WHISTLE) flap procedure by Grewal et al has been shown to be a reliable technique that restores the continuity of the orbicularis oris muscle and creates a more natural appearing tubercle and central lip element. This article aims to refine the WHISTLE flap procedure with the addition of tailored mucomuscular flaps and an upper lip-lengthening mucosal Z-plasty.

Methods:
A total of 11 patients with a whistle deformity were examined. All underwent the WHISTLE flap procedure with tailored mucomuscular flaps and a mucosal Z-plasty. The patients were followed for a period of from 6 to 51.5 months. Pre- and postoperative photographs were used for objective outcome comparison.

Results:
From 2018 to 2023, a total of 11 patients with a whistle deformity were included in the final cohort, comprised four bilateral and seven unilateral cleft lips. Ten cases (90.1%) resulted in satisfactory postoperative cosmetic appearance and did not require further interventions. A single patient with a significant preoperative discrepancy between the upper and lower lip volumes had a postoperative residual deformity. None of the patients demonstrated any functional deficits associated with the procedure.

Conclusions:
The WHISTLE flap procedure with the proposed individual tailoring of the mucomuscular flap and Z-plasty for mucosal scar lengthening has excellent cosmetic outcomes and can be considered as the primary treatment modality in most patients with a whistle deformity.
Longitudinal Speech and Fistula Outcomes Following Primary Cleft Palate Repair at a Single Institution
Authors: Phillips John B. , Galarza Laura I. , Sink Matthew C. , Goza Shelby D. , Brown Madyson I. , Hopper Samuel J. , Brown Kathryn W. , Fernstrum Colton J. , Hoppe Ian C. , Humphries Laura S. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Fistula formation and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) are complications of cleft palate repair that often require surgical correction. The goal of the present study was to examine a single institution's experience with cleft palate repair with respect to fistula formation and need for surgery to correct velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Methods
Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patient demographics and operative details over a 10-year period were collected. Primary outcomes measured were development of fistula and need for surgery to correct VPI. Chi-square tests and independent t tests were utilized to determine significance (0.05).

Results
Following exclusion of patients without enough information for analysis, 242 patients were included in the study. Fistulas were reported in 21.5% of patients, and surgery to correct velopharyngeal dysfunction was needed in 10.7% of patients. Two-stage palate repair was associated with need for surgery to correct VPI (P = 0.014). Furlow palatoplasty was associated with decreased rate of fistula formation (P = 0.002) and decreased need for surgery to correct VPI (P = 0.014).

Conclusion
This study reiterates much of the literature regarding differing cleft palate repair techniques. A 2-stage palate repair is often touted as having less growth restriction, but the present study suggests this may yield an increased need for surgery to correct VPI. Prior studies of Furlow palatoplasty have demonstrated an association with higher rates of fistula formation. The present study demonstrated a decreased rate of fistula formation with the Furlow technique, which may be due to the use of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia modification. This study suggests clinically superior outcomes of the Furlow palatoplasty over other techniques.
Comparison of the virulence of community and hospital isolated Acinetobacter baumannii in HeLa cell line and insect model, Galleria mellonella
Authors: Muzahid Nazmul Hasan , Ramesh Aarthi , Siew Tan Hock , Hasan Md Zobaer , Narayanan Kumaran , Rahman Sadequr 
Published: June 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high infections and morbidity among affected individuals and most studies focus on nosocomial strains. However, A. baumannii can also be isolated from community healthy individuals. This study compared the pathogenicity of hospital and community A. baumannii isolates using Galleria mellonella and human cell cultures. The insect model, G. mellonella and in vitro HeLa cell line were used with ten A. baumannii isolates (six community and four hospital isolates from Segamat, Malaysia). G. mellonella killing assays and HeLa cell adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity assays were performed to investigate the virulence and invasion potential of the isolates. Out of the ten isolates investigated, three community and two hospital isolates were found to be highly virulent in G. mellonella infection model, killing 100 % larvae within 96 hours. These strains were also found to be invasive and have significant cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. Our study revealed that community and hospital isolated A. baumannii could be equally virulent judged by both model systems. Undoubtedly, besides hospital settings, the presence of highly virulent A. baumannii in community reservoirs poses a significant public health risk and requires additional investigation.
Elevated CO2alters soybean physiology and defense responses, and has disparate effects on susceptibility to diverse microbial pathogens
Authors: Bredow Melissa , Khwanbua Ekkachai , Chicowski Aline Sartor , Breitzman Matthew W. , Qi Yunhui , Holan Katerina L. , Liu Peng , Graham Michelle A. , Whitham Steven A. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIncreasing atmospheric CO2levels have a variety of effects that can influence plant responses to microbial pathogens. However, these responses are varied, and it is challenging to predict how elevated CO2(eCO2) will affect a particular plant-pathogen interaction. We investigated howeCO2may influence disease development and responses to diverse pathogens in the major oilseed crop, soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.).Soybeans grown in ambient CO2(aCO2, 419 parts per million (ppm)) or ineCO2(550 ppm) were challenged with bacterial, viral, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, and disease, pathogen growth, gene expression and molecular plant defense responses were quantified.IneCO2, plants were less susceptible toPseudomonas syringaepv.glycinea(Psg) but more susceptible to bean pod mottle virus, soybean mosaic virus, andFusarium virguliforme. Susceptibility toPythium sylvaticumwas unchanged, although a greater loss in biomass occurred ineCO2. Reduced susceptibility toPsgwas associated with enhanced defense responses. Increased susceptibility to the viruses was associated with reduced expression of antiviral defenses.This work provides a foundation for understanding of how futureeCO2levels may impact molecular responses to pathogen challenge in soybean and demonstrates that agents infecting both shoots and roots are of potential concern in future climatic conditions.
A paradoxical misperception of relative motion
Authors: D’Angelo Josephine C. , Tiruveedhula Pavan , Weber Raymond J. , Arathorn David W. , Roorda Austin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotion perception is considered a hyperacuity. The presence of a visual frame of reference to compute relative motion is necessary to achieve this sensitivity [Legge, Gordon E., and F. W. Campbell. “Displacement detection in human vision.”Vision Research21.2 (1981): 205-213.]. However, there is a special condition where humans are unable to accurately detect relative motion: images moving in a direction consistent with retinal slip where the motion is unnaturally amplified can, under some conditions, appear stable [Arathorn, David W., et al. “How the unstable eye sees a stable and moving world.”Journal of Vision13.10.22 (2013)]. In this study, we asked: Is world-fixed retinal image background content necessary for the visual system to compute the direction of eye motion to render in the percept images moving with amplified slip as stable? Or, are non-visual cues sufficient? Subjects adjusted the parameters of a stimulus moving in a random trajectory to match the perceived motion of images moving contingent to the retina. Experiments were done with and without retinal image background content. The perceived motion of stimuli moving with amplified retinal slip was suppressed in the presence of visual content; however, higher magnitudes of motion were perceived under conditions with no visual cues. Our results demonstrate that the presence of retinal image background content is essential for the visual system to compute its direction of motion. The visual content that might be thought to provide a strong frame of reference to detect amplified retinal slips, instead paradoxically drives the misperception of relative motion.
Pulmonary Fibrosis Ferret Model Demonstrates Sustained Fibrosis, Restrictive Physiology, and Aberrant Repair
Authors: Peabody Lever Jacelyn E. , Li Qian , Pavelkova Nikoleta , Hussain Shah S. , Bakshi Sayan , Ren Janna Q. , Jones Luke I. , Kennemur Jared , Weupe Mason , Campos-Gomez Javier , Tang Liping , Lever Jeremie M.P. , Wang Dezhi , Stanford Denise D. , Foote Jeremy , Harrod Kevin S. , Kim Harrison , Phillips Scott E. , Rowe Steven M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRationaleThe role of MUC5B mucin expression in IPF pathogenesis is unknown. Bleomycin-exposed rodent models do not exhibit sustained fibrosis or airway remodeling. Unlike mice, ferrets have human-like distribution of MUC5B expressing cell types and natively express the risk-conferring variant that induces high MUC5B expression in humans. We hypothesized that ferrets would consequently exhibit aberrant repair to propagate fibrosis similar to human IPF.MethodsBleomycin (5U/kg) or saline-control was micro-sprayed intratracheally then wild-type ferrets were evaluated through 22 wks. Clinical phenotype was assessed with lung function. Fibrosis was assessed with µCT imaging and comparative histology with Ashcroft scoring. Airway remodeling was assessed with histology and quantitative immunofluorescence.ResultsBleomycin ferrets exhibited sustained restrictive physiology including decreased inspiratory capacity, decreased compliance, and shifted Pressure-Volume loops through 22 wks. Volumetric µCT analysis revealed increased opacification of the lung bleomycin-ferrets. Histology showed extensive fibrotic injury that matured over time and MUC5B-positive cystic structures in the distal lung suggestive of honeycombing. Bleomycin ferrets had increased proportion of small airways that were double-positive for CCSP and alpha-tubulin compared to controls, indicating an aberrant ‘proximalization’ repair phenotype. Notably, this aberrant repair was associated with extent of fibrotic injury at the airway level.ConclusionsBleomycin-exposed ferrets exhibit sustained fibrosis through 22 wks and have pathologic features of IPF not found in rodents. Ferrets exhibited proximalization of the distal airways and other pathologic features characteristic of human IPF. MUC5B expression through native cell types may play a key role in promoting airway remodeling and lung injury in IPF.
Neural Networks model biological evolution of faithful epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Prabhu B. N. Balakrishna , Pillai Sibi Raj B. , Ramakrishnan Nithya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe layer of histone Post-Translational Modification (PTM) patterns, present above the DNA strand, forms an important epigenetic marker sequence which regulates gene expression. The specific pattern of histone PTMs in the region of chromatin housing the gene is critical for turning on/off the expression of the corresponding gene. During DNA replication in mitotic cells, the available evidence suggests that the histone PTMs from the mother chromatid are transferred uniformly at random among the two daughter chromatids. Parental epigenetic memory as well as interactions among multiple PTMs at the same histone facilitates the reconstruction of the PTM sequence at the daughter chromatids. We show that this biological marvel aided by the epigenetic memory has evolutionary analogs in the sense that it can be learnt by an appropriate extended neural network. We show through simulations that high fidelity reconstruction of the mother chromatin’s patterns for certain PTMs can be achieved by our network. This model can be enhanced to include several more interacting histone PTMs, elucidating the role of each. The proposed neural network can possibly be used in a multitude of biological applications related to gene expression regulation.
Gap-App: A sex-distinct AI-based predictor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma survival as a web application open to patients and physicians
Authors: Ojha Anuj , Zhao Shu-Jun , Akpunonu Basil , Zhang Jian-Ting , Simo Kerri A. , Liu Jing-Yuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, using RNA-Seq gene expression data and advanced machine learning techniques, we identified distinct gene expression profiles between male and female pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Building upon this insight, we developed sex-specific 3-year survival predictive models along with a single comprehensive model. These sex-specific models outperformed the single general model despite the smaller sample sizes. We further refined our models by using the most important features extracted from these initial models. The refined sex-specific predictive models achieved improved accuracies of 92.62% for males and 91.96% for females, respectively, versus an accuracy of 87.84% from the refined comprehensive model, further highlighting the value of sex-specific analysis. Based on these findings, we created Gap-App, a web application that enables the use of individual gene expression profiles combined with sex information for personalized survival predictions. Gap-App, the first online tool aiming to bridge the gap between complex genomic data and clinical application and facilitating more precise and individualized cancer care, marks a significant advancement in personalized prognosis. The study not only underscores the importance of acknowledging sex differences in personalized prognosis, but also sets the stage for the shift from traditional one-size-fits-all to more personalized and targeted medicine. The GAP-App service is freely available atwww.gap-app.org.
A mathematical model for ketosis-prone diabetes suggests the existence of multiple pancreatic β-cell inactivation mechanisms
Authors: Ridout Sean A. , Vellanki Priyathama , Nemenman Ilya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKetosis-prone diabetes mellitus (KPD) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes, which presents much like type 1 diabetes, with dramatic hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Although KPD patients are initially insulin-dependent, after a few months of insulin treatment, ∼ 70% undergo near-normoglycemia remission and can maintain blood glucose without insulin, as in early type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Here, we propose that these phenomena can be explained by the existence of a fast, reversible glucotoxicity process, which may exist in all people but be more pronounced in those susceptible to KPD. We develop a simple mathematical model of the pathogenesis of KPD, which incorporates this assumption, and show that it reproduces the phenomenology of KPD, including variations in the ability for patients to achieve and sustain remission. These results suggest that a variation of our model may be able to quantitatively describe variations in the course of remission among individuals with KPD.
Dynamin-1 is a potential mediator in Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ng Ding Quan , Hudson Casey , Nguyen Tracy , Gupta Sukesh Kumar , Koh Yong Qin , Acharya Munjal M. , Chan Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTDynamin-1 (DNM1) consolidates memory through synaptic transmission and modulation and has been explored as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. Through a two-prong approach, this study examined its role in cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) pathogenesis using human and animal models. The human study recruited newly diagnosed, chemotherapy-naïve adolescent and young adult cancer and non-cancer controls to complete a cognitive instrument (FACT-Cog) and blood draws for up to three time points. Concurrently, a syngeneic young-adult WT (C57BL/6 female) mouse model of breast cancer was developed to study DNM1 expression in the brain. Samples from eighty-six participants with 30 adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer and 56 non-cancer participants were analyzed. DNM1 levels were significantly lower among cancer participants compared to non-cancer prior to treatment. While receiving cancer treatment, cognitively impaired patients were found with a significant downregulation of DNM1, but not among those without impairment. In murine breast cancer-bearing mice receiving chemotherapy, we consistently found a significant decline in DNM1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subregions. Observed in both human and animal studies, the downregulation of DNM1 is linked with the onset of CRCI. Future research should explore the potential of DNM1 in CRCI pathogenesis and therapeutics development.