bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new fast hybrid adaptive grid generation technique for arbitrary two‐dimensional domains
Authors: Ebeida Mohamed S. , Davis Roger L. , Freund Roland W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a new fast hybrid adaptive grid generation technique for arbitrary two‐dimensional domains. This technique is based on a Cartesian background grid with square elements and quadtree decomposition. A new algorithm is introduced for the distribution of boundary points based on the curvature of the domain boundaries. The quadtree decomposition is governed either by the distribution of the boundary points or by a size function when a solution‐based adaptive grid is desired. The resulting grid is quaddominant and ready for the application of finite element, multi‐grid, or line‐relaxation methods. All the internal angles in the final grid have a lower bound of 45° and an upper bound of 135°. Although our main interest is in grid generation for unsteady flow simulations, the technique presented in this paper can be employed in many other fields. Several application examples are provided to illustrate the main features of this new approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential diagnosis of an unusual tibial pathology from Peru
Authors: Phillips S. S. , Verano J. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring an osteological analysis of human skeletal remains from the site of Punta Lobos (Huarmey Valley, northern coastal Peru), an unusual erosive lesion of the cortex with periosteal reaction was observed on a right tibia. The authors undertook a review of paleopathological and medical literature to arrive at a differential diagnosis. The lesion is determined to be a non‐malignant growth, possibly a large periosteal ganglion, though a diagnosis of periosteal chondroma (a benign neoplasm) or other uncommon neoplasm could not be definitively ruled out. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of bortezomib combined with chemotherapy in children with relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): A report from the therapeutic advances in childhood leukemia (TACL) consortium
Authors: Messinger Yoav , Gaynon Paul , Raetz Elizabeth , Hutchinson Raymond , DuBois Steven , Glade‐Bender Julia , Sposto Richard , van der Giessen Jeannette , Eckroth Elena , Bostrom Bruce C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes remain poor for children after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially after early marrow relapse. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with in vitro synergy with corticosteroids and clinical activity in human lymphoid malignancies.ProcedureThis is a Phase I study of escalating doses bortezomib administered days 1, 4, 8, and 11, added to 4‐drug induction chemotherapy with vincristine, dexamethasone, pegylated L‐asparaginase, and doxorubicin (VXLD) in children with relapsed ALL.ResultsTen patients were enrolled, five in first marrow relapse, and five in second relapse. Four patients were enrolled at dose level 1 (bortezomib 1 mg/m2). One patient was not evaluable for toxicity because of omitted dexamethasone doses. No dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed. Six patients were enrolled at dose level 2 (bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2). One patient had dose‐limiting hypophosphatemia and rhabdomyolysis after 1 dose of bortezomib, and died from a diffuse zygomyces infection on day 17. Five additional patients were enrolled with no subsequent DLTs. As planned, no further dose escalation was pursued. The regimen had predictable toxicity related to the chemotherapy drugs. Two patients had mild peripheral neuropathy (grades 1 and 2). Six of nine evaluable patients (67%) achieved a complete response (CR), and one had a bone marrow CR with persistent central nervous system leukemia.ConclusionsThe combination of bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2) with VXLD is active with acceptable toxicity in pretreated pediatric patients with relapsed ALL. We are expanding the 1.3 mg/m2 cohort for a phase II estimate of response. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00440726). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:254–259. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WT1 peptide immunotherapy for cancer in children and young adults
Authors: Hashii Yoshiko , Sato Emiko , Ohta Hideaki , Oka Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Haruo , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWilms tumor gene (WT1) can be overexpressed in childhood cancers. We evaluated the efficacy of WT1 vaccination for five children with solid cancer or acute leukemia. WT1 vaccine was administered to HLA‐A*2402‐positive patients with WT1‐overexpressing residual tumor despite prior conventional treatment. One patient showed complete response and one patient showed stable disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; the remaining three showed progressive disease. Treatment‐related adverse effects were limited to local injection site erythema. These results suggest that WT1 vaccination has therapeutic potential, but any beneficial effect may be insufficient in the presence of gross residual disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:352–355. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Cyclic neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia in patients with a shared ELANE mutation and paternal haplotype: Evidence for phenotype determination by modifying genes
Authors: Newburger Peter E. , Pindyck Talia N. , Zhu Zhiqing , Bolyard Audrey Anna , Aprikyan Andrew A.G. , Dale David C. , Smith Gary D. , Boxer Laurence A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundCyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other.ProcedureWe performed ELANE genotyping on all individuals and paternal sperm in an SCN kindred with eight SCN progeny of a sperm donor and six different mothers.ResultsOne patient with CN had the same S97L ELANE mutation as seven patients with the SCN phenotype. The mutant allele was detected in the donor's spermatozoa, representing 18% of the ELANE gene pool, but not in DNA from his lymphocytes, neutrophils, or buccal mucosa, indicating gonadal mosaicism.ConclusionsThe coexistence of CN and SCN phenotypes in this kindred with a shared paternal haplotype strongly suggests both a role for modifying genes in determination of congenital neutropenia disease phenotypes, and the classification of CN and SCN within a spectrum of phenotypes expressing varying degrees of the same disease process. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:314–317. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Quantum catalysis? A comment on tunnelling contributions for catalysed and uncatalysed reactions
Authors: Williams Ian H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAppreciation for the contribution of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) to chemical reactivity predates transition‐state theory (TST). Quantum corrections to rate constants for the reactions catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and the same reactions in water are estimated by Bell's one‐dimensional approximate method and give tunnelling contributions to catalysis of 1.6 and 0.95, respectively. Published results for NQEs, including both tunnelling and zero‐point energies, estimated by the quantum classical path method for LDH, carbonic anhydrase, glyoxylase I and lipoxygenase, together with the corresponding reactions in water, are reviewed: the respective contributions to catalysis are 0.66, 5, 1 and 1. In the absence of better evidence that an enzymic rate enhancement is due to a significantly larger quantum correction for the enzyme‐catalysed reaction than for an appropriate uncatalysed reference reaction, it is suggested that the term ‘quantum catalysis’ should be used with caution and restraint. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated glass transition in free‐standing thin polystyrene films
Authors: Baljon A. R. C. , Williams S. , Balabaev N. K. , Paans F. , Hudzinskyy D. , Lyulin A. V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the glass transition in polystyrene melts and free‐standing ultra‐thin films by means of large‐scale computer simulations. The transition temperatures are obtained from static (density) and dynamic (diffusion and orientational relaxation) measurements. As it turns out, the glass transition temperature of a 3 nm thin film is ∼60 °K lower than that of the bulk. Local orientational mobility of the phenyl bonds is studied with the help of Legendre polynomials of the second‐order P2(t). The α and β relaxation times are obtained from the spectral density of P2(t). Our simulations reveal that interfaces affect α and β‐relaxation processes differently. The β relaxation rate is faster in the center of the film than near a free surface; for the α relaxation rate, an opposite trend is observed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1160–1167, 2010
Viscosity of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in ethylene glycol–water mixed solvent media: Separation of the influences of polyion conformation and electrostatic interactions on the reduced viscosity
Authors: Sharma Ramesh , Das Bijan , Nandi Prabir , Das Chanchal 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrecise measurements on the viscosities of the solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water and three ethylene glycol–water mixtures containing 10, 20, and 30 mass % of ethylene glycol have been reported at 35 °C. Isoionic dilutions were performed at total ionic strengths in the range of 0.0002–0.0008 eqv L−1 using sodium chloride to obtain the intrinsic viscosities along with the Huggins constants. The influence of the medium and the ionic strength on the intrinsic viscosities have been interpreted from the points of view of the counterion condensation and expansion/contraction of the polyion chains in solution. The variations of Huggins constants, on the other hand, provided information on the intermolecular interactions in these solutions. A convenient method has been proposed to decompose the reduced viscosity of a polyelectrolyte solution into its conformational and electrostatic components. The electrostatic reduced viscosities obtained in the present study, purely from experimental considerations, quantitatively corroborates the conclusions derived from the Huggins constants. Using the Hess and Klein theoretical approach, an expression for the reduced viscosity due to the electrostatic interactions as a function of polyelectrolyte concentration could be obtained and the reported experimental electrostatic contributions could be nicely described with the help of this approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1196–1202, 2010
Complementary effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black on polyamide 6
Authors: Cheng Henry Kuo Feng , Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Pan Yongzheng , Li Lin , Chan Siew Hwa , Zhao Jianhong , Chen Ge 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article introduces a newly innovative idea for preparation of superconductive ternary polymeric composites of polyamide 6 (PA6), conductive carbon black (CCB), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different weight ratios by a melt‐mixing technique. The complementary effects of CCB and MWCNTs at different compositions on rheological, physical, morphological, thermal, and dynamic mechanical and electrical properties of the ternary composites have been examined systematically. We have used a novel formulation to produce high‐weight fraction ternary polymer composites that show extremely higher conductivity when compared with their corresponding binary polymer composites at the same carbon loading. For example, with an addition of 10 wt % MWCNTs into the CCB/PA6 composite preloaded with 10 wt % CCB, the electrical conductivity of these ternary composites was about 5 S/m, which was 10 times that of the CCB/PA6 binary composite (0.5 S/m) and 125 times that of the MWCNT/PA6 binary composite (0.04 S/m) at 20 wt % carbon loading. The incorporation of the MWCNTs effectively enhanced the thermal stability and crystallization of the PA6 matrix in the CCB/PA6 composites through heterogeneous nucleation. The MWCNTs appeared to significantly affect the mechanical and rheological properties of the PA6 in the CCB/PA6 composites, a way notably dependent on the MWCNT contents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1203–1212, 2010
Temperature and frequency investigations of the electrical parameters in the TGS ferroelectric transition
Authors: Berbecaru Ciceron 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPure and D: alanina doped triglycin sulphate (TGS) crystals were grown from aqueous solutions. Fresh cleaved, polished and silver paste painted samples were temperature and frequency investigated. Pure crystals show nonreproducible values of the permittivity and dielectric loss crossing up and down the Curie point. More stable and much lower values of the permittivity and dielectric loss could be noticed for D: alanina doped crystals. Permittivity and loss values show different frequencies behavior related to polar or nonpolar state of crystals. Frequency dependence of permittivity and loss behavior could be related to the general picture of relaxation of different polarization mechanisms and their contributions to permittivity and loss values for dielectric materials. Much smaller and stable values of permittivity and loss, vs. temperature and frequency, were found for doped crystals. Experimental results point out for a more stable structure with dipoles mobility decreased of doped vs. pure TGS crystals. Thus, higher figure of merit of doped TGS crystals point to a major advantage for technical applications (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical analyses of In incorporation and compositional instability in coherently grown InGaN thin films
Authors: Yayama Tomoe , Kangawa Yoshihiro , Kakimoto Koichi , Koukitu Akinori 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe performed thermodynamic analyses to calculate the relationship between the input indium molar ratio and solid composition of a coherently grown InGaN thin film that is subjected compressive or tensile stress. The theoretical approach incorporates energy loss of a thin film system due to lattice constraint from the substrate. The results show that the indium composition x of coherently grown InGaN is lower than that of stress‐free InGaN. This represents the composition pulling effect. We also studied stable growth modes under various growth conditions. The results suggest the importance of control of partial pressure of NH3 to optimize growth conditions of InGaN with a unique composition. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatially‐resolved photoluminescence study of high indium content InGaN LED structures
Authors: Tamulaitis G. , Mickevičius J. , Dobrovolskas D. , Kuokštis E. , Shur M. , Shatalov M. , Yang J. , Gaska R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) of green light‐emitting diode (LED) structure with InGaN multiple quantum wells was studied using confocal and scanning near field optical microscopy techniques. Inhomogeneous distribution of PL intensity on the scale of 200 nm has been observed. The PL bands peaked at approximately 492 nm and 502 nm in bright and dark areas, respectively. The spot‐to‐spot variation of the peak position of the main PL band was in the range of ∼30 nm for the bright and ∼50 nm for the dark areas. The highest PL intensity in the bright areas was observed in the spots with PL band peaked at ∼492 nm, while emission intensity in dark areas had no correlation with the PL band spectral position. The inhomogeneous PL intensity distribution is explained by inhomogeneous distribution of nonradiative recombination centers, in contrast to a fairly constant tail states density (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The potential for bias in reporting of industry‐sponsored clinical trials
Authors: Pyke Stephen , Julious Steven A. , Day Simon , O'Kelly Michael , Todd Susan , Matcham James , Seldrup Jorgen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConcerns about potentially misleading reporting of pharmaceutical industry research have surfaced many times. The potential for duality (and thereby conflict) of interest is only too clear when you consider the sums of money required for the discovery, development and commercialization of new medicines. As the ability of major, mid‐size and small pharmaceutical companies to innovate has waned, as evidenced by the seemingly relentless decline in the numbers of new medicines approved by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency year‐on‐year, not only has the cost per new approved medicine risen: so too has the public and media concern about the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry is open and honest about the efficacy, safety and quality of the drugs we manufacture and sell. In 2005 an Editorial in Journal of the American Medical Association made clear that, so great was their concern about misleading reporting of industry‐sponsored studies, henceforth no article would be published that was not also guaranteed by independent statistical analysis. We examine the precursors to this Editorial, as well as its immediate and lasting effects for statisticians, for the manner in which statistical analysis is carried out, and for the industry more generally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An enquiry into the possibilities and limits of statistical weather forecasting
Authors: Schumann T. E. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere are three methods of approach to the problem of weather forecasting:–‐(a) the physical method; (b) the statistical method; and (c) the current method which in effect is a combination of the first two methods.The physical or strictly mathematical method has been tried, notably by L. F. Richardson, but has been found to be impracticable. Everyone is acquainted with the degree of success achieved by the current method, but the possibilities and limitations of the statistical approach to the problem have never been fully investigated, and it is a matter of considerable importance that this should be done.The statistical method essentially amounts to the prediction of the weather element P at a station A by means of the regression equation magnified image in which x1 are the values of a number of weather elements observed at the control stations B1 ……. Bn a specified time before P is observed, and the regression coefficients k1…. kn are computed from previous records of the weather elements P, x1…… xn. The reliability of the predicted value of P depends upon the numerical value of the multiple correlation coefficient between P and x1…. xn, and there exists a limiting maximum value Mz of this correlation coefficient. By the suitable selection of a limited number of control stations this maximum value can be ascertained to a very close degree of approximation. Research should be directed towards determining the value of Mz for different values of the time lapse z, over which the prediction is made.Once the value of Mz has been found, there is available a direct method of judging between the relative merits of statistical and current weather prediction.A considerable amount of labour is involved in the full investigation of the nature of the function Mz, but several considerations show that such labour would be fully warranted.
Rethinking the accounting stance on sustainable development
Authors: Ngwakwe Collins C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the sustainability initiatives of the accounting profession in support of sustainable development. This is important because the post‐Rio sustainability agenda involves the role of accounting in directing corporate behaviour; however, a review of critical literature indicates censure of accounting as being apathetic to society and environment. To see whether this criticism still holds, using a desktop research approach, the paper proceeds to investigate the sustainability initiatives contained in the web portals of selected accounting bodies. Findings indicate appreciable levels of initiatives to sustainable development; however, lack of standards, regulations and uniform accounting schemes still poses a challenge such that contemporary sustainability accounting appears more like a weak approximation of the triple bottom line. It concludes that accounting requires a more pragmatic response to sustainable development, as this would facilitate government and institutional policies towards sustainability, and recommends that vital aspects of response should include carbon accounting standards, regulated sustainability accounting and the formation of ‘engineering accounting’ in order to address the challenges of climate change and carbon trading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Storing Matter: a new analytical technique developed to improve the sensitivity and the quantification during SIMS analyses
Authors: Mansilla C. , Wirtz T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStoring Matter is a new analytical technique for organic and inorganic materials, which has been developed to avoid the SIMS matrix effect while keeping or even improving the excellent sensitivity of SIMS. The technique consists in separating the sputtering of the sample to be analyzed from the subsequent analysis step by SIMS. During the sputtering process the molecules and atoms emitted under ion bombardment of the sample are deposited in a monolayer regime on a well known collector surface. Enhanced secondary ion emission can be obtained during the subsequent SIMS analysis as the chemical nature of the surface can be selected with respect to the element to be analyzed and the different SIMS analysis modes (M+, M−, cationization for organic information, etc.). Depositing the matter emitted from different layers or from different samples on the same collector surface makes Storing Matter a powerful tool not only to circumvent the SIMS matrix effect, but also to improve the excellent sensitivity of the SIMS technique. A prototype instrument has been developed to perform the different steps of the Storing Matter technique under optimized conditions.The aim of this work is to present the analytical performance obtained with the Storing Matter technique for six collector materials (Ta, Ag, Al, Au, Ni and Pt) for two different elements and analysis modes (In in positive mode and Au in negative mode). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.