bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutants of the pentose‐fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis with improved tolerance to inhibitors in hardwood spent sulfite liquor
Authors: Bajwa Paramjit K. , Shireen Tasnina , D'Aoust Frédéric , Pinel Dominic , Martin Vincent J.J. , Trevors Jack T. , Lee Hung 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMutants of Pichia stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 able to tolerate and produce ethanol from hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HW SSL) were obtained by UV mutagenesis. P. stipitis cells were subjected to three successive rounds of UV mutagenesis, each followed by screening first on HW SSL gradient plates and then in diluted liquid HW SSL. Six third generation mutants with greater tolerance to HW SSL as compared to the wild type (WT) were isolated. The WT strain could not grow in HW SSL unless it was diluted to 65% (v/v). In contrast, the third generation mutants were able to grow in HW SSL diluted to 75% (v/v). Mutants PS301 and PS302 survived even in 80% (v/v) HW SSL, although there was no increase in cell number. All the third generation mutants exhibited higher growth rates but significantly lower growth yields on xylose or glucose compared to the WT. The mutants fermented 4% (w/v) glucose as efficiently as the WT and fermented 4% (w/v) xylose more efficiently with a higher ethanol yield than the WT. In a medium containing 4% (w/v) each of xylose and glucose, all the third generation mutants utilized glucose as efficiently and xylose more efficiently than the WT. This resulted in higher ethanol yield by the mutants. The mutants retained the ability to utilize galactose and mannose and ferment them to ethanol. Arabinose was consumed slowly by both the mutants and WT with no ethanol production. In 60% (v/v) HW SSL, the mutants utilized and fermented glucose, mannose, galactose and xylose while the WT could not ferment any of these sugars. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 892–900. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of mass transfer for toxin removal and immunoprotection of hepatocytes in a bioartificial liver
Authors: Nedredal Geir I. , Amiot Bruce P. , Nyberg Peter , Luebke‐Wheeler Jennifer , Lillegard Joseph B. , McKenzie Travis J. , Nyberg Scott L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study was designed to determine optimal operating conditions of a bioartificial liver (BAL) based on mass transfer of representative hepatotoxins and mediators of immune damage. A microprocessor‐controlled BAL was used to study mass transfer between patient and cell compartments separated by a hollow fiber membrane. Membrane permeability (70, 150, or 400 kDa molecular weight cut‐off—MWCO), membrane convection (high: 50 mL/min; medium: 25 mL/min; low: 10 mL/min; diffusion: 0 mL/min), and albumin concentration in the cell compartment (0.5 or 5 g%) were considered for a total of 24 test conditions. Initially, the patient compartment contained pig plasma supplemented with ammonia (0.017 kDa), unconjugated bilirubin (0.585 kDa), conjugated bilirubin (0.760 kDa), TNF‐α (17 kDa), pig albumin (67 kDa), pig IgG (147 kDa), and pig IgM (900 kDa). Mass transfer of each substance was determined by its rate of appearance in the cell compartment. Membrane fouling was assessed by dextran polymer technique. Of the three tested variables (membrane pore size, convection, and albumin concentration), membrane permeability had the greatest impact on mass transfer (P < 0.001). Mass transfer of all toxins was greatest under high convection with a 400 kDa membrane. Transfer of IgG and IgM was insignificant under all conditions. Bilirubin transfer was increased under high albumin conditions (P = 0.055). Fouling of membranes ranged from 7% (400 kDa), 24% (150 kDa) to 62% (70 kDa) during a 2‐h test interval. In conclusion, optimal toxin removal was achieved under high convection with a 400‐kDa membrane, a condition which should provide adequate immunoprotection of hepatocytes in the BAL. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 995–1003. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma facilitated delivery of DNA to skin
Authors: Connolly Richard J. , Lopez Gabriel A. , Hoff Andrew M. , Jaroszeski Mark J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNon‐viral delivery of cell‐impermeant drugs and DNA in vivo has traditionally relied upon either chemical or physical stress applied directly to target tissues. Physical methods typically use contact between an applicator, or electrode, and the target tissue and may involve patient discomfort. To overcome contact‐dependent limitations of such delivery methodologies, an atmospheric helium plasma source was developed to deposit plasma products onto localized treatment sites. Experiments performed in murine skin showed that samples injected with plasmid DNA encoding luciferase and treated with plasma demonstrated increased levels of expression relative to skin samples that received injections of DNA alone. Increased response relative to injection alone was observed when either positive or negative voltage was used to generate the helium plasma. Quantitative results over a 26‐day follow‐up period showed that luciferase levels as high as 19‐fold greater than the levels obtained by DNA injection alone could be achieved. These findings indicate that plasmas may compete with other physical delivery methodologies when skin is the target tissue. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1034–1040. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variance estimation when donor imputation is used to fill in missing values
Authors: Beaumont Jean‐François , Bocci Cynthia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDonor imputation is frequently used in surveys. However, very few variance estimation methods that take into account donor imputation have been developed in the literature. This is particularly true for surveys with high sampling fractions using nearest donor imputation, often called nearest‐neighbour imputation. In this paper, the authors develop a variance estimator for donor imputation based on the assumption that the imputed estimator of a domain total is approximately unbiased under an imputation model; that is, a model for the variable requiring imputation. Their variance estimator is valid, irrespective of the magnitude of the sampling fractions and the complexity of the donor imputation method, provided that the imputation model mean and variance are accurately estimated. They evaluate its performance in a simulation study and show that nonparametric estimation of the model mean and variance via smoothing splines brings robustness with respect to imputation model misspecifications. They also apply their variance estimator to real survey data when nearest‐neighbour imputation has been used to fill in the missing values. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 400–416; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Synthesis and Evaluation of 1‐(1‐(Benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)cyclohexyl)piperidine (BTCP) Analogues as Inhibitors of Trypanothione Reductase
Authors: Patterson Stephen , Jones Deuan C. , Shanks Emma J. , Frearson Julie A. , Gilbert Ian H. , Wyatt Paul G. , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThirty two analogues of phencyclidine were synthesised and tested as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase (TryR), a potential drug target in trypanosome and leishmania parasites. The lead compound BTCP (1, 1‐(1‐benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl‐cyclohexyl) piperidine) was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (Ki=1 μM) and biologically active against bloodstream T. brucei (EC50=10 μM), but with poor selectivity against mammalian MRC5 cells (EC50=29 μM). Analogues with improved enzymatic and biological activity were obtained. The structure–activity relationships of this novel series are discussed.
Indoloquinolizidine–Peptide Hybrids as Multiple Agonists for D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors
Authors: Vendrell Marc , Soriano Aroa , Casadó Vicent , Díaz José Luis , Lavilla Rodolfo , Canela Enric I. , Lluís Carme , Franco Rafael , Albericio Fernando , Royo Miriam 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMultiple‐specificity ligands are considered promising pharmacological tools that may show higher efficacy in the treatment of diseases for which the modulation of a single target is therapeutically inadequate. We prepared a set of novel ligands for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors by combining two indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidine scaffolds with various tripeptide moieties. The binding and functional properties of these molecules were determined by radioligand binding studies in brain striatum membranes and by intracellular cAMP production assays in cells expressing different dopamine receptor subtypes. Some indoloquinolizidine–peptide hybrids, mainly with the trans configuration, showed dual agonist activity at both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and may therefore be useful for testing the therapeutic potential of multivalent drugs on these targets.
Are they just lazy? Student teachers' attitudes about dyslexia
Authors: Gwernan‐Jones Ruth , Burden Robert L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is highly likely that teachers' abilities in dealing with different forms of learning difficulties will be affected by their knowledge about and attitudes towards those difficulties. Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) provides a useful framework within which to explore such attitudes and was used as the starting point for investigating trainee teachers' attitudes towards aspects of dyslexia. It is assumed that new teachers will enter the profession with a set of intentions according to personal beliefs, normative views within the teaching profession and the sense of competence and power they feel in dealing with dyslexic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to probe student teachers' attitudes at a prestigious School of Education in the Southwest of England. Four hundred and eight primary and secondary Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students responded to a survey asking about their attitudes toward dyslexia. The student teachers expressed strongly positive attitudes toward the construct of dyslexia, with the majority expressing confidence in their ability to support dyslexic pupils. Females held significantly more positive attitudes toward dyslexia than males, but there were no significant differences according to PGCE course subject. Students who took the survey before and after teaching practice demonstrated some small but significant changes in attitude scores over that time. It is proposed that a new breed of teachers may be entering the teaching profession with positive beliefs about their ability to help dyslexic pupils, but who remain unclear as to how this can be accomplished. Some implications for action and suggestions for future research are provided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties and Aqueous Optical Citrate Detection of Chiral Dinuclear CuII Complexes
Authors: Khatua Snehadrinarayan , Kim Kibong , Kang Jina , Huh Jung Oh , Hong Chang Seop , Churchill David G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo chiral dimeric CuII Schiff base complexes, Na2[Cu(S‐lys)2·(H2O)2]·(ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu(S‐ornH)2·(H2O)2]·(ClO4)2 (2) have been prepared by an easy one‐pot method in which the L‐lysine and L‐ornithine‐based Schiff base ligands are generated in situ. These complexes have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecular structures show that both complexes are indeed dimeric with CuII centers that are phenolate‐bridged. Variable‐temperature magnetic analysis revealed that a strong antiferromagnetic coupling interaction was mediated through the phenolate bridge between the two CuII centers. Since these compounds were highly soluble in water, we explored carboxylate sensing capability through colorimetric indicator displacement assays (IDAs). By using pyrocatechol violet (PV) as a displaceable colorimetric indicator, citrate ion selectivity was demonstrated in 100 % water solution in the physiological pH range.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Luminescent Heteronuclear Cluster Featuring an Unusual Cu6 Boat‐Shaped Core Assembled by Two Dialkynyl‐Cycloplatinated Units
Authors: Díez Álvaro , García Ana , Lalinde Elena , Moreno M. Teresa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and the structure of a luminescent octanuclear 2‐pyridylethynyl cluster [Pt2Cu6(bzq)2(C≡C–C5H4N‐2)6I2] (1) is reported. An X‐ray diffraction study of 1 reveals an unusual Pt2Cu6 species formed by a central dicationic hexanuclear copper(I) core [Cu6(C≡C–C5H4N‐2)2I2]2+ assembled by two monoanionic benzoquinolinate dialkynylplatinate(II) [Pt(bzq)(C≡C–C5H4N‐2)2]– fragments. Solid‐state and solution photoluminescence properties at 298 K and at 77 K are discussed in the context of the structure.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats treated with V and/or Mg in drinking water
Authors: Ścibior Agnieszka , Zaporowska Halina , Niedźwiecka Irmina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effect of V5+and Mg treatment on spontaneous and stimulated lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied in liver supernatants obtained from outbred 5‐month‐old, albino male Wistar rats. The 2‐month‐old animals daily received deionized water to drink (control, group I); group II — water solution of NaVO3(SMV) at a concentration of 0.125 mg V ml−1; group III — water solution of MgSO4(MS) at a concentration of 0.06 mg Mg ml−1, group IV — water solution of SMV‐MS at the same concentrations as in groups II and III for V and Mg, respectively, over a 12‐week period. Three metal salts were selected as agents that may modify the LPO process (FeSO4, NaVO3and MgSO4). V‐intoxicated rats and those treated with V and Mg in combination had higher liver spontaneous malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, compared with the control and Mg‐supplemented animals. In the same groups of animals the total antioxidant status (TAS) was also significantly lowered, in comparison with the control. In the supernatants obtained from the above‐mentioned groups of rats a significant increase in MDA concentration was found in the presence of exogenous 30 µmFeSO4as well as 30, 100, 200 and 400 µmNaVO3, compared with groups I and III. Significantly elevated MDA production was also observed in the supernatants obtained from the rats exposed to V and Mg in combination in the presence of exogenous 100 and 200 µmMgSO4in comparison with the control and group III as well as in the presence of exogenous 400 and 600 µmMgSO4compared only with group III.In vitrotreatment with 1000 µmMgSO4of control liver supernatants and those obtained from group III significantly enhanced MDA level, compared with spontaneous MDA formation. The two‐way ANOVA indicated that the changes in the basal MDA level and in TAS in the rats at combined V and Mg application, were not due to V–Mg interaction, but resulted from independent action of V. In addition, the three‐way ANOVA revealed that the changes in LPO induced byin vitrotreatment of liver supernatants with exogenous Fe or V or Mg (600, 800 and 1000 µm) were a consequence of independent action of those metals and they also resulted from the interactions between Feexogand Vendand between Vendand Vexog. In conclusion, V consumed by the rats with drinking water at a dose of 12 mg V kg−1body weight per 24 h for 12 weeks decreased TAS and enhanced spontaneous LPO in the hepatic tissue, which confirms its pro‐oxidant potential, was also found inin vitroconditions with regard to LPO. Mg administered to rats in combination with V, at the concentration used, neither reduced nor intensified the basal LPO, compared with V‐only treated animals; however, its stimulating effect on LPO was revealed inin vitroconditions, which requires further study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of lindane on CYP‐mediated steroid hormone metabolism in male mice following in utero exposure
Authors: Di Consiglio Emma , De Angelis Giovanna , Traina Maria Elsa , Urbani Elisabetta , Testai Emanuela 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA wide number of pesticides, including highly persistent organochlorinated compounds, such as lindane (LIN), may induce reproductive and developmental alterations by directly binding to the estrogen/androgen receptors or altering steroid hormone metabolism. In the present work, we have investigated whether LIN in utero exposure of CD1 mice affects the reproductive system in male offspring by causing an impairment of the CYP‐dependent steroid hormone metabolism. Dam exposure to 25 mg kg−1 b.w. LIN occurred during critical developmental periods, from gestational days 9 to 16. Effects on hepatic CYP‐mediated testosterone (TST) hydroxylase, aromatase activities and testicular parameters were tested at postnatal days (PND 50, 65–69, 100) that are critical for sexual maturation in CD1 mice. In the adult F1 mice significant changes of male reproductive endpoints (testis weight, spermatid number) as well as dramatic effects on CYP‐mediated TST metabolism were observed on PND 65–69, in the absence of any of systemic toxicity. The levels of TST 6β‐ and 2α‐hydroxylation and dehydrogenation showed the highest level of reduction, suggesting CYP 3A and 2C families as the major target of LIN induced effects. All changes were almost recovered on PND 100. No effects on aromatase activity were evidenced. Overall, these findings provide useful information for a better characterization of the LIN mode of action. They suggest that LIN‐induced toxicity in males is linked to an impairment of steroid hormone homeostasis, due to CYP‐mediated TST catabolism modulation and differs from LIN receptor‐mediated mechanism previously reported in females. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical and biologic effects of meniscus stabilization using triglycidyl amine
Authors: Hunter Shawn A. , Rapoport H. Scott , Connolly Jeanne M. , Alferiev Ivan , Fulmer James , Murti Brandon H. , Herfat Mohammadsafa , Noyes Frank R. , Butler David L. , Levy Robert J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe susceptibility of meniscus allografts to enzymatic degradation may be reduced through tissue stabilization. We have previously reported on an epoxide‐based crosslinker, triglycidyl amine (TGA), which can be used alone or with a bisphosphonate (MABP) to stabilize heterograft heart valves and reduce their pathologic calcification. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of TGA and TGA‐MABP pretreatment on an orthopedic allograft involving meniscus crosslinking, degradation, calcification, and compressive properties. Ovine menisci treated with TGA or TGA‐MABP for up to seven days and glutaraldehyde crosslinked controls were examined in vitro for degree of crosslinking, resistance to degradation by collagenase, and material property changes. Likewise treated menisci were implanted in rats for eight weeks and examined for calcium content and biomechanical changes. TGA treatment for three days significantly reduced collagen loss by 88% and increased thermal denaturation temperatures (Ts) above 80°C versus Ts of 70°C or less for non‐crosslinked meniscus. In vitro, TGA and TGA‐MABP significantly increased aggregate modulus by 19% and 32% compared to native controls, respectively. TGA decreased permeability by 53% while TGA‐MABP increased it by 303%. In vivo, TGA significantly reduced explant calcification by 42% compared to glutaraldehyde, and including MABP reduced it by 90%. Analyses revealed that TGA and TGA‐MABP stabilized menisci had significantly lower modulus and permeability values than glutaraldehyde controls by at least 28% and 86%, respectively. It is concluded that TGA crosslinking of meniscus increases resistance to both collagenase degradation and pathologic calcification, while demonstrating comparable or improved biomechanical properties versus glutaraldehyde controls. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
In vivo response to cross‐linked polyethylene and polycarbonate‐urethane particles
Authors: Smith Richard A. , Maghsoodpour Anobel , Hallab Nadim James 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study was undertaken to examine macrophage response to polycarbonate‐urethane, a proposed alternative material to polyethylene in acetabular components of total hip arthroplasty. Polyethylene wear debris from total joint replacements has been linked to osteolysis and implant lifespan. It has been shown in vitro, that polyethylene particles cleaned of endotoxin generate less of an inflammatory cytokine response than endotoxin bound particles. Comparative particle induced effects on implant fixation were tested using endotoxin free cross‐linked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (x‐UHMWPE) and polycarbonate‐urethane (PCU) particles with and without intraperitoneal injection (IP) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a Ti‐alloy femoral intramedullary nail rat model. MicroCT and mechanical testing assessment of peri‐implant bone indicated significantly less bone and lower fixation strength, respectively, when the implant was surrounded by xUHMWPE particles compared to PCU particles (with and without LPS IP). This indicates particles of PCU may be less disruptive to bone‐implant fixation than x‐UHMWPE in vivo, under both LPS free and challenged conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion‐implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces
Authors: Özkucur Nurdan , Richter E. , Wetzel C. , Funk R. H. W. , Monsees T. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PUR), we modified the surface by irradiation with different ions (Carbon; C, Oxygen; O, Nitrogen; N, or Argon; Ar) at 0.3–50 keV energy and doses of 1,00E+13 − 1,00E+15 ions/cm2. The effects of ion implantation using different ion energies and densities were observed on adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The long‐termin vitrostability of ion‐implanted PUR was also investigated. Ion irradiation moderately affected the surface roughness (Ra), but strongly enhanced the work of adhesion (Wa). Cell adhesion was markedly improved on O‐, N‐, and Ar‐, but not on C‐implanted PUR surfaces. Medium ion energies and lower ion doses produced the best HUVEC attachment and proliferation, indicating the importance of choosing the proper range of energy applied during ion irradiation. In addition, apoptosis rates were significantly reduced when compared with unmodified PUR (uPUR). N implantation significantly protected the surface, although C implantation led to stronger surface erosions than on uPUR. In total, ion implantation on flexible PUR surfaces strongly improved the material surface characteristics and biocompatibility. Electron beam ion implantation within an appropriate energy window is thus a key to improving flexible PUR surfaces for clinical use to support endothelial cell performance. Thus, it can contribute to designing small‐diameter grafts, which are in great demand, towards vascular tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010