bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace aggression experienced by frontline staff in dementia care
Authors: Boström Anne‐Marie , Squires Janet E , Mitchell Agnes , Sales Anne E , Estabrooks Carole A 
Published: December 2011

Aim.  To describe the frequency of aggressive acts experienced by frontline staff working in two models of dementia care: Residential Alzheimer’s Care Centers and Secured Dementia Units and to explore the associations between aggressive acts experienced by frontline staff and factors related to the work context and care providers.Background.  Aggression towards healthcare providers in residential long‐term care settings is well documented. However, few studies have examined associations between aggressive behaviours towards care providers and organisational factors.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey.Method.  The survey included demographic items and questions about aggressive acts experienced by staff and contextual factors. Analyses included: (1) descriptive statistics, (2) tests of difference (i.e. Student’s t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, chi‐squared test and anova), (3) bivariate associations (i.e. Pearson and Spearman rank order correlations) and (4) multivariate linear regression.Results.  Ninety‐one health care aides and licensed practical nurses working in four nursing units using two models of dementia care participated (response rate 81%). The most frequently reported types of aggression were physical assault (50% of staff, n = 45) and emotional abuse (48% of staff, n = 44). Aggressive acts were significantly associated with working in Secured Dementia Units rather than Residential Alzheimer’s Care Centers.Conclusions.  Frontline staff working in Secured Dementia Units were exposed to higher frequencies of various types of aggressive acts mainly initiated by residents. Future research needs to explore modifiable workplace factors associated with aggressive acts in a larger sample across a variety of long‐term care settings.Relevance to clinical practice.  To prevent staff perceived aggressive acts, leaders and managers in dementia care need to acknowledge the complex topic of workplace aggression and encourage an open discussion among frontline staff without assigning blame. Care provider strategies for dealing with aggressive behaviour have to be implemented in policies and clinical practice.
Soil resource availability shapes community trait structure in a species‐rich dipterocarp forest
Authors: Katabuchi Masatoshi , Kurokawa Hiroko , Davies Stuart J. , Tan Sylvester , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. Habitat filtering and limiting similarity have been proposed as two opposing forces structuring community memberships. Community assembly theory proposes habitat filtering as a mechanism restricting community membership according to the ecological strategies of species in a given environment. Limiting similarity posits that some species exclude others that are ecologically similar.2. We quantified nine ecophysiological and life‐history traits for 80 dipterocarp species in the 52‐ha Lambir Forest Dynamics Plot (FDP; Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia). We studied forests on four soil types differing in fertility and moisture, focusing on soil resource availabilities as environmental determinants of habitat filtering processes. We used a null‐model approach to detect the strengths of habitat filtering and limiting similarity. We quantified the relative contributions of soil resources (nutrients and water) to habitat filtering by comparing the strength of habitat filtering processes (i.e. effect sizes) at the overall plot scale and at the individual soil‐type scale. We also compared the strengths of assembly processes among soil types.3. Compared to a null model at microscale (20 × 20 m), trait range and variance were reduced for seven of nine functional traits, suggesting the importance of habitat filtering in the dipterocarp community. We also found a broader distribution of five traits, and more even spacing for seven traits (20 × 20 m), which is consistent with the concept of limiting similarity. Randomizations that swapped species occurrences within soil types (i.e. null models removing soil effects in assembly processes) were much closer to observed values, and there were no phylogenetic constraints on habitat association. Hence, soil resource availability acted as a habitat filtering mechanism in the FDP; relative contributions to habitat filtering ranged from 35% for seed mass to 77% for relative growth rate. Furthermore, soil types apparently affected the strengths of habitat filtering and limiting similarity.4.
Synthesis. We demonstrate that soil resource availability is a crucial determinant of habitat filtering in this species‐rich tropical rain forest; the strengths of assembly processes differed among soil types. Variation in soil resource availability can shape the distribution of traits through community assembly processes, promoting trait diversification and species coexistence.
Prevalence, presentation, and endovascular management of hemodynamically or clinically significant arterio‐portal fistulae in living and cadaveric donor liver transplant recipients
Authors: Saad Wael , Lippert Allison , Davies Mark , Arslan Bulent , Kumer Sean , Waldman David , Turba Ulku , Schmitt Timothy , Matsumoto Alan , Angle John 
Published: December 2011

Saad W, Lippert A, Davies M, Arslan B, Kumer S, Waldman D, Turba U, Schmitt T, Matsumoto A, Angle J. Prevalence, presentation, and endovascular management of hemodynamically or clinically significant arterio‐portal fistulae in living and cadaveric donor liver transplant recipients.Abstract:  Purpose:  To compare the prevalence (cadaveric vs. living donor transplants), clinical features, and the effectiveness of endovascular management of significant arterio‐portal fistulae (APF) in liver transplant recipients.Methods:  A retrospective audit of liver transplant recipients in two institutions was performed (1996–2009). Significant APF were included and were defined as symptomatic and/or hemodynamically significant (causing graft dysfunction and/or having abnormal Doppler findings in the portal vein). Patients with significant APF were evaluated for presenting symptoms, imaging features, size/branch order portal vein involvement, and effectiveness of the endovascular management (coil embolization).Results:  Four significant APF were found in 1992 (0.2%) liver transplants. Two were symptomatic and two were asymptomatic but were hemodynamically significant with liver function test abnormalities. All four APF were found in cadaveric donor graft recipients (0.23%, N = 4/1753) and none in 239 living donor graft recipients. However, there was no statistical difference between cadaveric and living donor graft recipients (p = 1.0, odds ratio = 1.23). Coil embolization was technically and clinically successful in all 4 without complications and causing normalization of the abnormal Doppler findings.Conclusion:  Significant APF are a rare diagnosis (0.2% of transplants). Coil embolization is a safe and effective treatment option for APF in transplants.
Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale
Authors: PROCZKOWSKA‐BJÖRKLUND M. , GIMBLER BERGLUND I. , ERICSSON E. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundThe modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m‐YPAS) is an observational behavioral checklist that has been widely used as an indicator of pre‐operative anxiety in children. The present study describes the translation process of m‐YPAS into Swedish and the testing of its reliability and validity when used with Swedish children.MethodsThe questionnaire was translated using standard forward‐back‐forward translation technique. The validation process was divided into two phases: a pilot study with 61 children as a first version and a test of a final version with 102 children.ResultsThe reliability tested with Cronbach's alpha was acceptable to good. Interrater reliability analyzed with weighted kappa was acceptable to good with Students Registered Nurse Anesthetists and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) as evaluators (phase 1) and good to excellent with CRNA's very experienced in child anesthesia (phase 2). Both concurrent and constructed validity could be demonstrated.ConclusionThis validation study of the Swedish version of the m‐YPAS shows good consistency, interrater validity, and construct validity when used by experienced assessors.
Early and late parameters describing the offset of neuromuscular blockade are highly intercorrelated
Authors: DUBOIS P. E. , GOURDIN M. , JAMART J. , BROKA S. M. , EUCHER P. , D'HOLLANDER A. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundNeuromuscular blocking agents have always shown wide inter‐individual variability when it comes to their duration of action. This prevents clinicians from anticipating the evolution of the neuromuscular block for any given patient. With this study, we aimed to assess the nature of the relationships existing between different time course parameters used to describe paralysis onset and offset.MethodsSixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score III‐IV anaesthetised patients were randomised to receive a single equipotent dose (2ED95) of either rocuronium, mivacurium or atracurium. We used acceleromyography to monitor neuromuscular transmission. We described the relationships between the time‐interval measurements of: onset, the first response (T1) reappearance, T1 25% of control, train‐of‐four ratio 0.25 and 0.75. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated.ResultsWe found no significant relationships between onset and any of the four parameters used to describe the offset. On the other hand, we showed strong and highly significant linear relationships between all the parameters describing the offset for each of the muscle relaxants studied (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.850 to 0.992).ConclusionsWe evidenced strong linear correlations between the four offset time course parameters of spontaneous recovery after a single neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) bolus. Such relationships open up new clinical perspectives concerning quantitative neuromuscular transmission monitoring: the scope of individual valuable anticipation of the patient's recovery.
β‐1,3‐Glucan given orally modulates immunomyelopoietic activity and enhances the resistance of tumour‐bearing mice
Authors: Torello CO , Souza‐Queiroz J , Queiroz MLS 
Published: December 2011

Summary

β‐Glucans have been reported to be potent adjuvants in stimulating innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of the present study was to determine the immunohematopoietic effects of Imunoglucan (HEBRON) following its oral administration to normal and Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT)‐bearing mice.
Mice were treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per day, p.o., Imunoglucan (β‐1,3‐glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisae) for 18 consecutive days. Treatment started 10 days prior to and ended 8 days after tumour inoculation.
At 500 and 1000 mg/kg per day, Imunoglucan enhanced the life span of EAT‐bearing mice and prevented myelosuppression and splenomegaly caused by the tumour by increasing the number of granulocyte–macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow and increasing colony‐stimulating activity in the serum.
At 500 mg/kg, Imunoglucan restored the reduced ability of stromal cells to display myeloid progenitors in long‐term bone marrow cultures of EAT‐bearing mice and upregulated the production of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1α by these cells, consistent with a higher number of non‐adherent cells. Moreover, 500 mg/kg Imunoglucan restored natural killer cell activity in tumour‐bearing mice, consistent with the increased production of interferon (IFN)‐γ observed.
The results of the present study suggest that Imunoglucan given orally indirectly modulates immune activity and probably disengages tumour‐induced suppression by producing a higher reserve of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow in consequence of biologically active cytokine release (colony‐stimulating factors, IL‐1α, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ).
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 activation from adipose protein 2‐cre mediated knockout of von hippel‐lindau gene leads to embryonic lethality
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Yanning , Gao Zhanguo , Yun Zhong , Ye Jianping 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. von Hippel‐Lindau protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase from the von Hippel‐Lindau (Vhl) gene, inhibits the transcriptional activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α in cells. To gain insight into the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α signalling pathway in adipose tissue, a study was conducted to generate fat‐specific Vhl knockout mice.2. Cre‐recombinase (Cre)/locus of crossover in P1(loxP) technology was used in the knockout study. The mice carrying floxed‐Vhl alleles were crossed with adipose protein 2 (aP2)‐Cre mice, in which the Cre gene is driven by the aP2 (fatty acid binding protein 4) gene promoter.3. The homozygous knockout mice exhibited embryonic lethality at E14.5–E18.5. The homozygous embryos suffered from haemorrhages in the brain and liver. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α protein and its target gene protein, vascular endothelial growth factor, increased in the brain and liver. Endothelial proliferation and capillary leakage were observed in the tissues. Heterozygous knockout mice appeared normal in development, growth and reproductivity.4. β‐galactosidase reporter mice were used in the analysis of tissue‐specificity of Cre in aP2‐Cre mice. Strong Cre activity was observed in the dorsal hindbrain region and vertebrae of E12.5 embryos. These results suggest that in the aP2‐Cre mice, the recombinase activity is expressed in the central nervous system of the embryos. Central and peripheral haemorrhages are responsible for the embryonic lethality in the homozygous knockout mice.
Increased serum concentrations of adhesion molecules but not of chemokines in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with patients with Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adult age: Action LADA 5
Authors: Pham M. N. , Hawa M. I. , Roden M. , Schernthaner G. , Pozzilli P. , Buzzetti R. , Scherbaum W. A. , Seissler J. , Hunter S. , Leslie R. D. G. , Kolb H. , Schloot N. C. ,   the Action LADA Study Group
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 470–478 (2012)AbstractAims  Systemic concentrations of adhesion molecules and chemokines are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications. We compared these factors between patients with Type 2 diabetes vs. Type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.Methods  Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules sE‐selectin, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1, and chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 were measured in 61 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, 90 with Type 1 diabetes, 465 with Type 2 diabetes and in 41 control subjects, using multiple regression models to adjust for possible confounders.Results  Patients with Type 2 diabetes exhibited greater concentrations of adhesion molecules (P < 0.02) than those with Type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and control subjects. These differences persisted upon adjustments for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure and diabetes duration (P < 0.04). Higher BMI positively correlated with concentrations of adhesion molecules in all subjects (P < 0.0001). Concentrations of sE‐selectin positively related to diastolic (β = 0.31) and systolic (β = 0.28) blood pressure in the adjusted model (P < 0.04). Concentrations of the chemokines, CCL2 and CCL4, did not differ between groups, while CCL3 was higher in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type 1 diabetes than in those with Type 2 diabetes and control subjects (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Systemic concentrations of adhesion molecules, but not chemokines, relate to cardiovascular risk factors, but remain higher after adjustments in Type 2 diabetes, suggesting a diabetes‐type specific effect without difference between latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type 1 diabetes, despite their dissimilar phenotype.
Acceptance of insulin therapy: a long shot? Psychological insulin resistance in primary care
Authors: Woudenberg Y. J. C. , Lucas C. , Latour C. , Scholte op Reimer W. J. M. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 796–802 (2012)AbstractAim  To explore which factors are associated with psychological insulin resistance in insulin‐naive patients with Type 2 diabetes in primary care.Methods  A sample of 101 insulin‐naive patients with Type 2 diabetes completed self‐administered questionnaires including demographic and clinical characteristics, the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Psychological insulin resistance was denoted by negative appraisal of insulin (Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale).Results  Thirty‐nine per cent of the sample were unwilling to accept insulin therapy. Unwilling participants perceived taking insulin more often as a failure to control their diabetes with tablets or lifestyle compared with willing participants (59 vs. 33%), unwilling participants were more reluctant to accept the responsibilities of everyday management of insulin therapy (49 vs. 24%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that depression and objection to lifelong insulin therapy were independently associated with psychological insulin resistance.Conclusions  In this study in primary care, depression and objection to lifelong insulin therapy are associated with psychological insulin resistance. Analysis of the objection to the indefiniteness of insulin therapy showed a sense of limitation of daily life and loss of independence that should not be underestimated. Insulin should be offered as a means to improve health as this might facilitate the acceptance of insulin therapy.
Minimum qualifications in the alcohol and other drugs field: Employers' views
Authors: PIDD KEN , ROCHE ANN , DURAISINGAM VINITA , CARNE AMANDA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. To examine employers' opinions of minimum qualifications and perceptions of vocational education and training (VET) and determine the extent to which the VET sector addressed current workforce development needs in the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field.Design and Methods. An online survey of 186 AOD treatment agency managers across Australia was conducted to determine levels of satisfaction with and attitudes toward AOD VET qualifications as a minimum qualification. Descriptive analyses were undertaken.Results. Most managers were supportive of a minimum qualification strategy and deemed VET AOD qualifications sufficient as a minimum level qualification. However, over half indicated that the minimum qualification should be higher than certificate IV level. One in four managers were dissatisfied with VET provided by technical and further education colleges. When seeking to employ AOD specialist workers, most managers preferred those with university level qualifications rather than VET qualifications.Discussion and Conclusions. VET has potential to meet the increasingly complex needs of AOD work by providing ongoing certificate and diploma level training and qualifications at the vocational graduate level. However, the relatively high levels of dissatisfaction with the VET sector, and concern regarding the ability of certificate IV level training to meet the needs of the AOD workforce, warrant attention. Improved linkages and relationships between the AOD field and the VET sector could increase the quality of training provided and may assist in addressing the AOD workforce development needs.[Pidd K, Roche A, Duraisingam V, Carne A. Minimum qualifications in the alcohol and other drugs field: Employers' views. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:514–522]
A pilot randomised controlled trial of brief versus twice weekly versus standard supervised consumption in patients on opiate maintenance treatment
Authors: HOLLAND RICHARD , MATHESON CATRIONA , ANTHONY GERALDINE , ROBERTS KENNEDY , PRIYARDARSHI SAKET , MACRAE ANN , WHITELAW EDDIE , APPAVOO SIVARAM , BOND CHRISTINE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Methadone maintenance remains the mainstay of treatment for opiate dependence in Scotland. Guidelines recommend supervised self‐administration for at least 3 months, yet this is often interpreted as long‐term supervision. However, there is no evidence base for deciding the optimal period of supervision. We tested the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of different supervision models.Design and Methods. Three armed pilot RCT, set in three Scottish treatment areas, recruited opiate‐dependent patients who had received methadone treatment for 3 months. Participants were randomised to: (i) no supervision; (ii) twice weekly supervision; or (iii) daily supervision for further 3 months. As a pilot, key process measures were: recruitment rates, follow‐up rates and treatment fidelity. We also wanted to estimate effect sizes of two co‐primary outcomes for a full RCT: treatment retention and illicit heroin use. The recruitment target was 60 participants.Results. One hundred and two eligible patients were identified, 60 (59%) participated, and 46 followed up (77%). Study fidelity was good with two participants moving group. Those randomised to no supervision were significantly happier with their group allocation. No significant differences were found in primary outcomes, although retention decreased with increased supervision, while illicit heroin use was least in those most supervised.Discussion and Conclusions. It is possible to recruit and randomise participants to an RCT comparing different forms of supervised consumption. Pilot data suggest increased supervision may reduce illicit heroin use, but may decrease retention. This should now be tested in a large‐scale multicentre RCT.[Holland R, Matheson C, Anthony G, Roberts K, Priyardarshi S, MacRae A, Whitelaw E, Appavoo S, Bond C. A pilot randomised controlled trial of brief versus twice weekly versus standard supervised consumption in patients on opiate maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:483–491]
Different guidelines for different countries? On the scientific basis of low‐risk drinking guidelines and their implications
Authors: REHM JÜRGEN , PATRA JAYADEEP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe scientific evidence for low‐risk drinking guidelines was examined in a narrative review focusing on three points: definition of exposure, the best way to select outcomes and risk relations and how to determine thresholds. With respect to exposure, at least two dimensions should be incorporated: average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of irregular heavy drinking occasions. Mortality should be selected as the most severe outcome, and a disaggregated approach should be adopted incorporating the regional demographic and cause of death structure. Finally, our plea is for establishing a general threshold for acceptable risk on a societal level rather than ad hoc specific committees setting norms for specific risks. Acceptable thresholds will be different if the risk is to oneself or to others.[Rehm J, Patra J. Different guidelines for different countries? On the scientific basis of low‐risk drinking guidelines and their implications. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:156–161]