bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_403A: Breakfast Skipping: Proportion and Awareness of its Effects Among Medical Students
Authors: Vaibhav Swayam , Thomas Shilpa , Palki  , Chaudhary Nikita , Kalyani P. , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, providing essential nutrients and energy needed for daily activities. Skipping breakfast has been associated with various health complications, including impaired cognitive function and increased risk of chronic diseases. Understanding the prevalence and reasons behind breakfast skipping among medical students is crucial for promoting healthy habits and overall well-being.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the proportion of medical students skipping breakfast, assess awareness about the importance of breakfast consumption, and explore associated factors such as gender and academic semester.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduates at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 285 students from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year MBBS classes. Convenience sampling was used, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Results:
Of the 285 students surveyed, 53% reported skipping breakfast. Reasons for skipping included waking up late (77.48%), dissatisfaction with available food options (44.37%), and lack of appetite (21.85%). While most students were aware of the negative effects of breakfast skipping on cognitive function and mood, fewer recognized its association with cardiovascular problems and menstrual irregularities. Significant associations were found between breakfast skipping and academic semester, with 6th-semester students exhibiting the highest prevalence. However, no significant gender differences were observed.

Conclusion:
The study highlights a concerning prevalence of breakfast skipping among medical students, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy breakfast habits.
IJCM_405A: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Regarding Menstrual Hygiene Among Students Of A Government School, Thrissur, Kerala
Authors: Mahsooma T A , Bkaskar Anitha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Menstrual hygiene practices are consequently a significant public health issue. However, menstrual practices are still tainted by taboos and other sociocultural constraints, which adversely affect health since adolescent females are unaware of the scientific facts regarding menstrual hygiene practices.

Objective:
To determine knowledge, attitude, practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls in a government higher secondary school, Thrissur, Kerala

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among students of 8th standard to 12th standard in a government higher secondary school Thrissur. The data was collected after obtaining permission from head of the institution and verbal consent from the participants.

Results:
The study was conducted among 237 adolescent girls studying from 8th to 12th standard in a government school in Thrissur. Out of the total study participants 96 % have high knowledge about menstrual hygiene and the rest have moderate knowledge. 77.6% students use sanitary pads as adsorbing material, 15.6 % use cloth and only 6.8 % use menstrual cup. But 62 % have the opinion that menstrual cup is better than pads. 49% of the students believe that menstrual blood is impure and 50 % of students believe that normal routine activities cannot be done during menstruation. Most of the participants (92 %) adopt burning as the method of disposal while 4.2 % were practicing flushing of the pads. 61.2 % students liked to share doubt with mother and 30 % like to share with friends.

Conclusion:
Majority of the students have good knowledge about menstrual hygiene, but the scientific knowledge about menstruation is lacking behind.
IJCM_406A: Association between Empathy and big five personality traits among undergraduate medical students in Mangalore
Authors: Preek Arush , Jaglan Simran , Arora Aditi , Ravi Shashank , Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Empathy in the clinical setting is associated with satisfaction among patients, compliance to therapy and much more positive clinical outcome. This study is to determine the level of empathy among undergraduate medical students, the personality traits, according to the big five model, and to assess the association between empathy and personality traits among undergraduate medical students.

Methodology:
It was a descriptive study carried out among Second year MBBS students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Data was collected using Jefferson Scale of Empathy (medical student version), which is a self- administrative inventory that contains 20 questions. Mini-IPIP scale was used to measure big five personality traits, which is a 20-item short form of the International Personality Item Pool Five Factor Model. The collected data was coded and entered onto statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. For comparison across the group Pearson coefficient was used.

Results:
A positive correlation was found between the level of empathy and the personality traits of agreeableness and openness among the participants at a significant level using Pearson correlation coefficient. People with more agreeableness, indicative of sympathetic and willingness to help others are proportionately empathic. It was also found that women are more neurotic than men, which infers that women are more social and assertive than men. For openness, men are more open, imaginative and creative than women. For agreeableness, men are more cooperative and concerned than women. Women scored more than men for conscientiousness.

Conclusion:
The study showed a statistically significant difference in the level of empathy among the two genders, with females being more empathic than males. Between the two genders, there was a statistically significant difference among the neuroticism levels, with females being more neurotic than their male counterparts. A positive correlation was found between the level of empathy and the personality traits of agreeableness and openness among the participants.
IJCM_407A: Mortality pattern among adults at a tertiary care centre, Tamil Nadu -a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kasthuri S , Priya S. , Muthuraman Kannan A 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Records of vital events like death constitute an important component of the Health Information System. Therefore, these hospital-based death records maintained by Medical Records Department (MRD) can provide information regarding the causes and distribution of deaths, pattern of major illness which are of immense importance in planning health care services. But obtaining meaningful statistics from these records is considerably lacking. Hence, the need of present study.

Objective:
1. To identify the mortality pattern among 18-45 years in tertiary care hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu from January to December 2022 2. To evaluate socio-demographic distribution and causes of deaths during that period.

Methodology:
It was an Institution based retrospective observational study. From MRD, Complete enumeration of hospital records of all medically certified deaths of in-patients of 18-45 years who died during January 1st to December 31st 2022 was carried out from May 2023 to August 2023 (n=2038). Data was checked for completeness, entered into Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Necessary permission was sought from hospital administrative authority to access the hospital records.

Results:
Among 2038 deaths, 72.52% were males, 26.60% belonged to 41 to 45 years of age. After categorization of all deaths, Road Traffic Accident (RTA) constituted the leading cause of death (28.26%; n=576) followed by Respiratory System (RS)(11.68%), CVS(9.22%) and others. Coronary Artery Disease constituted 39.36% deaths among CVS, 63.12% by Cerebrovascular Accidents among CNS and 23.95% by pneumonia among RS and 77.70% by CKD among renal. In all age groups, RTA constitute the major cause of death with maximum mortality among 18 to 25 years. RS and RTA constituted the major cause of mortality among females and males respectively. Significant association observed between age, gender and causes of mortality(P<0.05)

Conclusion:
More stringent measures needed to combat RTA deaths
IJCM_41A: Epidemiology of intussusception hospitalization and its potential risk with Rotasiil among vaccinated children admitted in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Prabhu Divya Arvind , Kamath Veena G , Vijaykumar B 
Published: April 2024

Background:
There is an established well reported link of intussusception with the use of rotavirus vaccines. Little is known about the newly introduced rotasiil vaccine causing intussusception. So, this study has been undertaken to study the epidemiology of intussusception and its potential risk among children vaccinated with Rotasiil vaccine.

Methodology:
A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 years among children <2 years admitted with confirmed intussusception. A predesigned semi structured questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data by interviewing parents and clinical data was collected from hospital records. Vaccination details was extracted from vaccination cards. Data was expressed in percentages and proportions.

Results:
Out of 80 confirmed cases of intussusception 64 (80%) children received rotasiil vaccine. The mean age of the study participants was 12+ 6 months and 67.5% of them were males. Out of the vaccinated children 82.8% and 98.4% of them had received all the doses and only two doses respectively. The median age (IQR) of receiving first, second and third doses was 7.6 (6.9-9.4), 12.9 (11.9-15.4), and 17.9 (16.4-21.8) weeks, respectively. Among them 95.3% of participants had ileocolic type of intussusception and 89% of it was resolved by non-surgical procedures. Within a risk period of 1-21 days postvaccination 1 and 8 cases of intussusception were reported after second and third dose respectively

Conclusion:
There were more number of cases of intussusception observed in the high risk period of 1-21 days after the third dose as compared to that of first and second dose of rotasiil vaccine
IJCM_410A: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural area of District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh Nirbhay Narayan , Chauhan Nidhi , Prasad Rajendra , Chauhan Raman 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Metabolic risk factors and abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension are rapidly rising in Indian population following widespread change in lifestyle and dietary habits. A study was conducted to estimate the current situation of metabolic syndrome in rural area of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.

Objective:
To find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult population in identified rural area of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 individuals. The relevant anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations were performed. NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) guidelines were used to diagnose the metabolic syndrome.

Results:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was found to be 42.4% (34.99%-50.01%) and was higher among female population (71.8%). The proportion of metabolic syndrome was higher among older age group (66.7%) and only 2.7% in those who were less than 30 years of age.

Conclusion:
The present study documented 42.4% prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural population, with more prevalence among females. The data was skewed, with more proportion of females in the study. Consequent upon this, development of health policies and protocols for the screening of metabolic syndrome would aid in early diagnosis and timely management of non-communicable disease.
IJCM_416A: Health Profile of Anganwadi Workers: a camp-based study conducted at a Tertiary Hospital, Mumbai, India
Authors: Awad Milind N. , Qureshi Saniya , Chavhan Smita , Kembhavi Ravindra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As part of the Integrated Child Development Services program, The Anganwadi system is mainly managed by the Anganwadi worker (AWW). The fundamental tasks performed by Anganwadi workers are crucial and must be completed as effectively as possible. Hence the good health of Anganwadi workers decides how efficiently they can do their allotted work. So, this study was conducted to assess the health profile of Anganwadi workers.

Objective:
To assess the health profile of Anganwadi workers attending a Health checkup camp at a Tertiary Hospital.

Methodology:
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at a free health camp in a Tertiary Hospital of Mumbai, India, by the staff and interns of the Department of Community medicine. All AWWs who attended the camp were included in the study. AWWs who attended the health checkup camp were assessed for morbidity. Data collected by semi structured questionnaire was entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version-17.0.

Results:
Most of AWWs were from the age group of between 41-50 years; more than half of them were matriculate and 34(69.38%) workers had an experience of more than 10 years. Around 49% of them were having abnormal BMI and 53% were anaemic. PAP smear findings were abnormal in 4% AWWs.

Conclusion:
AWWs are considered cornerstone in providing ICDS services, but in this study, we found that most of AWWs themselves were not at their good health. Regular health checkups of healthcare workers of each level should be done to efficiently deliver the healthcare services to people of our country.
IJCM_418A: Perceived Social Isolation amongst Medical Undergraduates of Mangalore
Authors: Anand Rishit , Pai Keshava , Kotian Himani 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Human emotions often tend to be fragile and gullible, changing with time and understanding but is almost always engaged in a competitive manner wherever there is intra-specific human competition leading to social isolation and loneliness. In a professional course like Medicine, there is a lot of competition and academic pressure which to a certain extent impacts the mental health of the individual and this is a crucial time as medical undergraduates generally in age group- 18-24 are in a phase of transition to adulthood. Perceived Social Isolation is generally seen associated with decline in cognitive and conative activities, not only the mental health is affected but chronic feelings of loneliness are a causal factor for CVDs and neuropathies. Our study will help us to identify the proportion of the medical undergraduates with perceived social isolation and its possible association with depression. This becomes greatly significant because of the strong competition and hectic schedule, characteristic of medical curriculum.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to assess the proportion of Perceived Social Isolation in Medical Undergraduates and to assess a possible association between Perceived Social Isolation and Depression in Medical Undergraduates.

Methodology:
A Google Form was circulated amongst the students of KMC, Mangalore to collect the data from the participants. Subjects response to the designated questionnaire (circulated through google form) served as the sources of information, based on the responses in the Public Health Questionnaire -2 and University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale- the scores were evaluated and the data was compiled to comment on the study cohort.

Results:
Out of 219 participants, 48.9% of study subjects had moderately high degree of loneliness and 11.9% had relatively high degree of loneliness. Only 9.6% were reported to have low degree of loneliness followed by 29.7% having moderate degree of loneliness. Correlation between Loneliness Scale and PHQ-2 for study subjects with perceived social isolation and individuals who are likely to be screened for depression showed r-value of 0.400 and a significant p-value of <0.001. Individuals who had high degree of loneliness also scored significantly high in PHQ-2, 84.6% of all subjects who had high degree of loneliness also reported as potential candidates for screening of depression.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that a high proportion of medical undergraduates were reported to have either a high or moderately high degree of loneliness. It was also found that people who had high degree of loneliness significantly correlated with the likelihood of being screened for depression as based on their PHQ-2 scores.
IJCM_419A: Profile of neonates admitted to Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital attached to a medical college in Mangalore
Authors: Karthik R , Madtha Saanchia , Kulkarni Vaman , Rao Shamthmika , Keerthana Hubli 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) is a value which plays a vital role in gauging the effectiveness and advancement in healthcare pertaining to newborns. The alarmingly high rate promotes the need of further development of better medical facilities. One such facility is the Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU).

Objective:
This study targets the analysis of factors contributing to the mortality of neonates and aims at coming up with solution to tackle the issue

Methodology:
A facility based retrospective study was carried out based on information from medical records of neonates admitted to the SNCU from a tertiary care hospital.

Results:
The 1038 neonates admitted it was found that nearly half of the neonates admitted had low birth weight (48.2%) contrary to maturity where 37.9 % were preterm. Most of the admissions were due to neonatal jaundice (46.6%) followed by low birth weight (15.2%) and respiratory distress syndrome (10.3%). Of the 85 neonates who expired, the leading causes were respiratory distress syndrome (21.2%), sepsis (14.9%), Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (12.9%), major congenital malformations (12.9%) and extreme low birth weight 11 (12.9%).

Conclusion:
The expansion of services and technology provided by SNCUs is of great importance in the development of healthcare for the nation. The growth of better antenatal health care, seamless referral systems along with identification of alarming conditions requiring admission to SNCUs immediately after birth form the pillars of confronting the goal of decreasing the NMR.
IJCM_420A: Chronic morbidity and disability and its effect on quality of life among the institutionalized elderly in Mangalore, South India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nair Aparna , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Hegde Rithvik , Mohlah Daksha , Rao Aiswarya , Rai Nihal , Yadunath Sivaguha P , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Senior citizens, or individuals over 60 years, constitute 8.6% of India’s population. As a result of shifting family dynamics brought about by growing urbanization and globalization, these elderly populations are flocking to elder care centers. The objectives of this research are to ascertain the elderly’s self-reported chronic morbidities, disabilities, and the relationship between these factors with their quality of life (QOL).

Methodologys:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 residents of old age homes in Mangalore block of Dakshina Kannada district. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire consist of, Indian Disability Evaluation and assessment Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of life Brief Version (WHOQOL BREF) questionnaire and the data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Odd’s ratio was calculated, independent T test was used to compare the means across the groups and a ‘p’ value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
In the current study 65.5% participants were female (N=72) and most of the study participants reported hypertension and musculoskeletal pain (41.8% & 36.7% respectively) as the major ailment they are seeking health care, followed by diabetes mellitus (20.0%), angina (12.3%), asthma (10.9%), COPD (6.4%) and heart attack (4.5%). There was a statistically significant association between age, male gender, and level of disability with quality of life. Age of the participant was found to be directly proportional to quality of life in 2 domains – psychological and social relationships. Male gender was found to be significantly associated with social relationships domain of quality of life.

Conclusion:
It was shown that there was no clinically significant correlation between chronic morbidities and any dimension of quality of life, suggesting that the frequency and quality of health examinations delivered in the care homes were sufficient, which must carry on in the subsequent years.
IJCM_421A : The Lazy-Eye-Scope: A Low-Cost Screening Tool for Early Detection of Amblyopia in Toddlers
Authors: Saxena Tanmay , Quazi Anam , Hazarika Partha Protim , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Singhal Deepika , Quazi Zaheer 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Amblyopia is the leading cause of monocular visual acuity impairment that often arises in early childhood with every 2 to 10 children in 100 being affected. Prevention of amblyopia is most effective during early childhood, as interventions become increasingly challenging once the condition progresses and the individual matures. The Lazy-Eye-Scope aims to prevent ocular morbidity in toddlers by early detection of amblyopia.

Objective:
To develop the The Lazy-Eye-Scope a low cost, technology enabled screening tool that aims to provide easy and affordable amblyopia detection.

Methodology:
An equipment will be developed to convert normal light into polarized light. It will include a plastic body containing polarising filters and a light source. This light source is directed on the eye through the refracting lens. This introduces a portable device that is extremely scalable, which will be designed for community level use.

Conclusion:
Thi

s
device is expect4ed to provide useful insight for the differently abled population including down syndrome and autism. This innovative screening tool holds promise in mitigating ocular morbidity and improving visual outcomes for toddlers worldwide. The simple methodology and usage of the device enables easy use by everyone even if they are not technically skilled.