bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singing behavior and singing functions of black‐crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, central Yunnan, China
Authors: Fan Peng‐Fei , Xiao Wen , Huo Sheng , Jiang Xue‐Long 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe used data on loud duetted and solo songs collected from one habituated polygynous group of black‐crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) on Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, to test several hypotheses about the functions of these songs. The major functions proposed for loud gibbon songs include resource defense, mate defense, pairbonding, group cohesion and mate attraction. Duet bouts are generally initiated by adult males, who select the highest trees near to ridges or on steep slopes as singing trees. Such trees facilitate voice transmission and inter‐group communication. Singing trees tended to be located near important food patches and sleeping sites, which supports the resource defense hypothesis. The adult male and two adult females always sang interactively, alternating male phrases with the females' stereotyped great calls, to produce the duets, and females rarely produced great calls if they were more than 30 m from the male. The two females usually produced great calls synchronously during the duet, especially when they were close together. These features support both the mate defense and pairbonding hypotheses. The number of great calls and their degree of synchrony transmit information about spatial relationships and possibly pairbond strength to members to neighboring groups and floating animals. During or after the duet bouts, the adult females and juvenile moved toward to the adult male; and group members maintained a close spatial relationship, which supports the group cohesion hypothesis. Other incidents observed suggest a mate competition role for duets. The adult male always sang when the females started duetting with the subadult male. The subadult male sang solo bouts, but they were not more frequent or longer than bouts initiated by the adult male. Although mate attraction is the likely function of subadult solos, it was not convincingly demonstrated. In conclusion, all hypotheses concerning the function of singing are supported by at least some of the data, and none can be excluded. Am. J. Primatol. 71:539–547, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Captive and wild orangutan (Pongo sp.) survivorship: a comparison and the influence of management
Authors: Wich S.A. , Shumaker R.W. , Perkins L. , de Vries H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor managers of captive populations it is important to know whether their management provides a species with the physical and social environment that maximizes its survivorship. To determine this, survivorship comparisons with wild populations and long‐term evaluations of captive populations are important. Here we provide both for orangutans. We show that survivorship has increased during the past 60 years for captive orangutan populations in zoos. In addition, we show that survivorship of captive orangutans in the past used to be lower than for wild orangutans, but that for recently born (1986–2005) orangutans survivorship is not significantly different from the wild. This indicates that captive management in the past was suboptimal for orangutan survivorship, but that modern management of captive orangutans has increased their survivorship. We discuss the possible factors of modern management that could have influenced this. Am. J. Primatol. 71:680–686, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone microstructure in juvenile chimpanzees
Authors: Mulhern Dawn M. , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe growth, development, and maintenance of bone are influenced by genetic and environmental variables. Understanding variability in bone microstructure among primates may help illuminate the factors influencing the number and size of secondary osteons. The purpose of this study is to assess the bone microstructure in 8 humeral and 12 femoral sections of 12 juvenile chimpanzees, aged 2–15.3 years, and one adult chimp. Secondary osteons were counted and measured for 16 fields per section. Results indicate that the femur exhibits a mean osteon population density (OPD) of 4.46 ± 2.34/mm2, mean Haversian canal area of 0.0016 ± 0.0007 mm2, and mean osteon area of 0.033 ± 0.006 mm2. The humerus has a mean OPD of 4.72 ± 1.57/mm2, mean Haversian canal area of 0.0013 ± 0.0003 mm2, and mean osteon area of 0.033 ± 0.005 mm2. Differences are not significant between the humerus and femur, possibly indicating similar mechanical demands during locomotion. Osteon population density exhibits a moderate correlation with age (r = 0.498) in the femur of the juvenile chimps, but the adult chimp has an OPD of 10.28/mm2, suggesting that osteons likely accumulate with age. Females exhibit higher osteon densities in the periosteal envelope compared to males in the humerus, indicating more remodeling during periosteal expansion. Overall similarities between chimpanzees and humans as well as previously published data on Late Pleistocene hominids (Abbott et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 99 1996 585–601) suggest that bone microstructure has been stable throughout human evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecology of the gastrointestinal parasites of Colobus vellerosus at Boabeng‐Fiema, Ghana: Possible anthropozoonotic transmission
Authors: Teichroeb Julie A. , Kutz Susan J. , Parkar Unaiza , Thompson R.C. Andrew , Sicotte Pascale 
Published: May 2009

AbstractParasite richness and prevalence in wild animals can be used as indicators of population and ecosystem health. In this study, the gastrointestinal parasites of ursine colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus) at the Boabeng‐Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (BFMS), Ghana, were investigated. BFMS is a sacred grove where monkeys and humans have long lived in relatively peaceful proximity. Fecal samples (n = 109) were collected opportunistically from >27 adult and subadult males in six bisexual groups and one all‐male band from July 2004 to August 2005. Using fecal floatation, we detected three protozoans (two Entamoeba sp., Isospora sp.), five nematodes (Ascaris sp., Enterobius sp., Trichuris sp., two strongyle sp.), and one digenean trematode. Using fluorescein labeled antibodies, we detected an additional protozoan (Giardia sp.), and with PCR techniques, we characterized this as G. duodenalis Assemblage B and also identified a protistan (Blastocystis sp., subtype 2). The most prevalent parasite species were G. duodenalis and Trichuris sp. Parasites were more prevalent in the long wet season than the long dry. Parasite prevalence did not vary by age, and average parasite richness did not differ by rank for males whose status remained unchanged. However, males that changed rank tended to show higher average parasite richness when they were lower ranked. Individuals that spent more time near human settlements had a higher prevalence of Isospora sp. that morphologically resembled the human species I. belli. The presence of this parasite and G. duodenalis Assemblage B indicates possible anthropozoonotic and/or zoonotic transmission between humans and colobus monkeys at this site. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase II trial of CoQ10 for ALS finds insufficient evidence to justify phase III
Authors: Kaufmann Petra , Thompson John L.P. , Levy Gilberto , Buchsbaum Richard , Shefner Jeremy , Krivickas Lisa S. , Katz Jonathan , Rollins Yvonne , Barohn Richard J. , Jackson Carlayne E. , Tiryaki Ezgi , Lomen‐Hoerth Catherine , Armon Carmel , Tandan Rup , Rudnicki Stacy A. , Rezania Kourosh , Sufit Robert , Pestronk Alan , Novella Steven P. , Heiman‐Patterson Terry , Kasarskis Edward J. , Pioro Erik P. , Montes Jacqueline , Arbing Rachel , Vecchio Darleen , Barsdorf Alexandra , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Levin Bruce 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, and currently incurable, neuromuscular disease in which oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are contributing to neuronal loss. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an antioxidant and mitochondrial cofactor, has shown promise in ALS transgenic mice, and in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases other than ALS. Our aims were to choose between two high doses of CoQ10 for ALS, and to determine if it merits testing in a Phase III clinical trial.MethodsWe designed and implemented a multicenter trial with an adaptive, two‐stage, bias‐adjusted, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, Phase II design (n = 185). The primary outcome in both stages was a decline in the ALS Functional Rating Scale‐revised (ALSFRSr) score over 9 months. Stage 1 (dose selection, 35 participants per group) compared CoQ10 doses of 1,800 and 2,700mg/day. Stage 2 (futility test, 75 patients per group) compared the dose selected in Stage 1 against placebo.ResultsStage 1 selected the 2,700mg dose. In Stage 2, the pre‐specified primary null hypothesis that this dose is superior to placebo was not rejected. It was rejected, however, in an accompanying prespecified sensitivity test, and further supplementary analyses. Prespecified secondary analyses showed no significant differences between CoQ10 at 2,700mg/day and placebo. There were no safety concerns.InterpretationCoQ10 at 2,700mg daily for 9 months shows insufficient promise to warrant Phase III testing. Given this outcome, the adaptive Phase II design incorporating a dose selection and a futility test avoided the need for a much larger conventional Phase III trial. Ann Neurol 2009;66:235–244
Cycle‐Specific Organocascade Catalysis: Application to Olefin Hydroamination, Hydro‐oxidation, and Amino‐oxidation, and to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Simmons Bryon , Walji Abbas M. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTeamarbeit: Die kombinierte Anwendung von Iminium(Im)‐ und Enamin(En)‐Katalysatoren ermöglicht eine Vielzahl an wertvollen asymmetrischen Umwandlungen, darunter die 1,2‐Hydroaminierung, 1,2‐Hydrooxidation und 1,2‐Aminooxidation von Olefinen (siehe Bild). Eine enantioselektive Organokaskadenkatalyse wurde auch für die Synthese eines komplexen Naturstoffs genutzt.magnified image
Gold Supported on Hydroxyapatite as a Versatile Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Tandem Synthesis of Imines and Oximes
Authors: Sun Hao , Su Fang‐Zheng , Ni Ji , Cao Yong , He He‐Yong , Fan Kang‐Nian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractZwei Fliegen mit einer (goldenen) Klappe: Das Titelsystem katalysiert hoch effizient die milde Tandemsynthese von Iminen und Oximen aus Alkoholen und Aminen (siehe Schema).magnified image
Gold Supported on Hydroxyapatite as a Versatile Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Tandem Synthesis of Imines and Oximes
Authors: Sun Hao , Su Fang‐Zheng , Ni Ji , Cao Yong , He He‐Yong , Fan Kang‐Nian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo birds with one auric stone: The title system acts as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot tandem synthesis of imines or oximes from alcohols and the corresponding amines under mild conditions (see scheme; HAP= hydroxyapatite).magnified image
Bile Acid Derived PET‐Based Cation Sensors: Molecular Structure Dependence of their Sensitivity
Authors: Maitra Uday , Nath Suvadeep 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSensitive sensors: A general strategy of designing a PET cation sensor using Bile acids as scaffolds has been discussed. Keeping the basic molecular structure the same, different bile acid based fluoroionophores were prepared in order to achieve the highest sensitivity toward the metal ions. The dependence of sensitivity on the molecular structure has been studied.magnified imageA number of bile acid derived photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based sensors for metal ions are prepared. A general strategy for designing the sensor with a modular nature allows for making different molecules capable of sensing different metal ions by a change in the fluorophore and receptor unit. Keeping the basic molecular structure the same, different bile acid based fluoroionophores were prepared in order to achieve the highest sensitivity toward the metal ions. The sensors showed similar binding constants for the same metal ion, but the degree of fluorescence enhancement upon addition of the metal salts were different. The sensitivities of the sensors towards a certain metal were determined from the observed fluorescence enhancement upon addition of the metal salt.
Productivity of Chlorella sorokiniana in a short light‐path (SLP) panel photobioreactor under high irradiance
Authors: Cuaresma María , Janssen Marcel , Vílchez Carlos , Wijffels René H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMaximal productivity of a 14 mm light‐path panel photobioreactor under high irradiance was determined. Under continuous illumination of 2,100 µmol photons m−2 s−1 with red light emitting diodes (LEDs) the effect of dilution rate on photobioreactor productivity was studied. The light intensity used in this work is similar to the maximal irradiance on a horizontal surface at latitudes lower than 37°. Chlorella sorokiniana, a fast‐growing green microalga, was used as a reference strain in this study. The dilution rate was varied from 0.06 to 0.26 h−1. The maximal productivity was reached at a dilution rate of 0.24 h−1, with a value of 7.7 g dw m−2 h−1 (m2 of illuminated photobioreactor surface) and a volumetric productivity of 0.5 g dw L−1 h−1. At this dilution rate the biomass concentration inside the reactor was 2.1 g L−1 and the photosynthetic efficiency was 1.0 g dw mol photons. This biomass yield on light energy is high but still lower than the theoretical maximal yield of 1.8 g mol photons−1 which must be related to photosaturation and thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 352–359 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Gervaz P , Huber O , Morel P 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) have served as a model for the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of solid neoplasms. Operative and medical management of GISTs is rapidly evolving, but current guidelines appear restricted to basic non-organ-specific recommendations.MethodsA PubMed search was made of the English literature from 1998 to 2008 for references containing the terms ‘gastrointestinal stromal tumours’ and ‘surgery’. This paper reviews the various operative strategies so far reported for GISTs within the digestive tract.ResultsMany original procedures tailored to the specific characteristics of these rare sarcomas have been reported. GISTs exhibit distinct features, in particular an absence of metastases within locoregional lymph nodes. Operations requiring extended lymph node dissection, typically designed for adenocarcinomas, such as gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection, Whipple's procedure and total mesorectum excision, are inappropriate for treating GISTs originating from the stomach, duodenum and rectum respectively.ConclusionGISTs allow the possibility of performing oncologically adequate but limited (wedge; segmental) resections. Such surgery can be carried out in a variety of ways, such as open, laparoscopic, trans-sacral or endoscopic.
Systematic review of pancreatic surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanis P J , van der Gaag N A , Busch O R C , van Gulik T M , Gouma D J 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the clinical outcome of patients with pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).MethodsA systematic literature search produced individual data for 311 surgically and 73 non-surgically treated patients with pancreatic RCC metastases. A further ten patients underwent resection at the authors' institution.ResultsIn the resected group, pancreatic metastases were solitary in 65·3 per cent, symptomatic in 57·4 per cent, and were preceded and/or accompanied by extrapancreatic disease in 22·3 per cent. Respective values in the unresected group were 59, 60 and 58 per cent. Disease-free survival rates were 76·0 and 57·0 per cent respectively at 2 and 5 years after resection, and overall survival rates were 80·6 and 72·6 per cent. The only significant risk factor for disease-free survival after pancreatic resection was extrapancreatic disease (P = 0·001), and that for overall survival was symptomatic RCC metastasis (P = 0·031). Two- and 5-year overall survival rates were 41 and 14 per cent respectively in unresected patients.ConclusionThe actuarial 5-year overall survival rate following pancreatic surgery for RCC metastases was 72·6 per cent, as determined by pooled analysis from published series. Extrapancreatic disease was an independent risk factor for recurrence, but had no significant impact on overall survival.
Case-matched comparison of long-term results of non-heart beating and heart-beating donor renal transplants
Authors: Barlow A D , Metcalfe M S , Johari Y , Elwell R , Veitch P S , Nicholson M L 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Function and survival of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) renal transplants have been shown to be comparable to those from heart-beating donors (HBDs) up to 10 years after transplantation. However, there are few data on outcome after 10 years, particularly from uncontrolled NHBD donors.

Methods
All NHBD renal transplants (predominantly uncontrolled) performed between April 1992 and January 2002 were retrospectively matched with HBD renal transplants performed over the same period.

Results
Some 112 NHBD renal transplants were compared with 164 HBD renal transplants. Delayed graft function was significantly higher in the NHBD group (83·9 versus 22·0 per cent respectively; P &lt; 0·001). Primary non-function rates were similar (5·4 versus 1·8 per cent respectively; P = 0·164). Overall serum creatinine was significantly higher in NHBDs (P &lt; 0·001). Median graft and patient survival was 126 months for NHBD and 159 months for HBD kidneys. Death-censored graft survival at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years was respectively 91·8, 77·5, 61·0 and 44·2 per cent for NHBD, and 91·1, 86·3, 71·7 and 58·5 per cent for HBD kidneys (P = 0.108).

Conclusion
Despite increased delayed graft function rates and serum creatinine levels, the long-term survival of NHBD renal transplants was similar to those from HBDs. However, there was a trend to poorer function and survival from 10 years after transplant.
Building a virtual data acquisition chain to teach and learn instrumentation
Authors: Nonclercq Antoine , Biest Alexis Vander , Boey Cédric , Robert Frédéric 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA modular virtual data acquisition chain implemented on LabVIEW is presented in this article, which is intended to illustrate and teach instrumentation. The signal can be viewed at any point of the chain and under the influence of any parameter change. The acquisition chain accuracy and student applications are detailed in the case of an electroencephalograph (EEG) setup.1Freely available for download at http://beams.ulb.ac.be/beams/research/all/virtualchain.html
© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 660–668, 2011
Rural reversal?
Authors: McLafferty Sara , Wang Fahui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Differences in late‐stage cancer risk between urban and rural residents are a key component of cancer disparities. Using data from the Illinois State Cancer Registry from 1998 through 2002, the authors investigated the rural‐urban gradient in late‐stage cancer risk for 4 major types of cancer: breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate.METHODS:Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate the role of population composition and area‐based contextual factors in accounting for rural‐urban variation. Instead of a simple binary rural‐urban classification, a finer grained classification was used that differentiated the densely populated City of Chicago from its suburbs and from smaller metropolitan areas, large towns, and rural settings.RESULTS:For all 4 cancers, the risk was highest in the most highly urbanized area and decreased as rurality increases, following a J‐shaped progression that included a small upturn in risk in the most isolated rural areas. For some cancers, these geographic disparities were associated with differences in population age and race; for others, the disparities remained after controlling for differences in population composition, zip code socioeconomic characteristics, and spatial access to healthcare.CONCLUSIONS:The observed pattern of urban disadvantage emphasized the need for more extensive urban‐based cancer screening and education programs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Frequency, nature, effects, and correlates of conflicts of interest in published clinical cancer research
Authors: Jagsi Reshma , Sheets Nathan , Jankovic Aleksandra , Motomura Amy R. , Amarnath Sudha , Ubel Peter A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Relationships between clinical researchers and industry are becoming increasingly complex. The frequency and impact of conflicts of interest in the full range of high‐impact, published clinical cancer research is unknown.METHODS:The authors reviewed cancer research published in 8 journals in 2006 to determine frequency of self‐reported conflicts of interest, source of study funding, and other characteristics. They assessed associations between the likelihood of conflicts of interest and other characteristics by using chi‐squared testing. They also compared the likelihood of positive outcome in randomized trials with and without conflicts of interest by chi‐squared testing.RESULTS:The authors identified 1534 original oncology studies; 29% had conflicts of interest (including industrial funding) and 17% declared industrial funding. Conflicts of interest varied by discipline (P < .001), continental origin (P < .001), and sex (P < .001) of the corresponding author and were most likely in articles with corresponding authors from departments of medical oncology (45%), those from North America (33%), and those with male first and senior authors (37%). Frequency of conflicts also varied considerably depending upon disease site studied. Studies with industrial funding were more likely to focus on treatment (62% vs 36%; P < .001), and randomized trials that assessed survival were more likely to report positive survival outcomes when a conflict of interest was present (P = .04).CONCLUSIONS:Conflicts of interest characterize a substantial minority of clinical cancer research published in high‐impact journals. Therefore, attempts to disentangle the cancer research effort from industry merit further attention, and journals should embrace both rigorous standards of disclosure and heightened scrutiny when conflicts exist. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The complexity of advice‐giving
Authors: Neuman Yair , Marwan Norbert , Livshitz Danny 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAdvice‐giving about personal problems is a common form of human interaction. However, an open question is whether there is an abstract and general logic that explains how advice‐giving works. In this study, we addressed this question from the perspective of dynamical systems. We measured the nonlinear dynamics of advice‐giving by using recurrence quantification analysis. Analyzing 600 texts of request for advice and the advice given, our results uncover a typical logic of advice‐giving, and suggest that advice‐giving may be understood as a dynamic manipulation of perspective‐taking. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 2009