bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of NaClO4 Dopant on Chemical Bond and Electrochemical Characteristic of Benzoyl Kappa‐Carrageenan Gel Biopolymer Electrolyte
Authors: Manap Nor Rahafza Abdul , Shrgawi Norsyabila , Shamsudin Intan Juliana , Hanibah Hussein , Kasim Norherdawati , Noor Siti Aminah Mohd , Pongali Priyatharshiny , Abdullah Norli , Rosli Nurul Hazwani Aminuddin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGel biopolymer electrolytes based on benzoyl kappa‐carrageenan (Bz‐κcar) as polymer host and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as dopants are successfully produced. The concentration of NaClO4 is varied from 0.5 to 3.0 wt% to investigate its effects on the chemical bonds and electrochemical characteristic of electrolytes. Characterizations are performed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, and transference number measurement. Significant changes in the FTIR spectra are detected, which indicate chemical interactions between Bz‐ƙcar and NaClO4. The ionic conductivity (σ) of the gel electrolytes increases with higher concentrations of NaClO4, suggesting that NaClO4 is an effective charge carrier in the system. The highest σ of the gel electrolyte attained at ambient temperature is 1.29 × 10−3 S cm−1. The temperature dependence of conductivity is Arrhenian in the studied temperature range and achieves an elevated σ of 7.90 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 373 K with small values in the activation energy (Ea) observed in all the prepared electrolytes. Electrochemical stability of 1.50 V achieves the highest conducting electrolyte by means of linear sweep voltammetry. Transference number measurement confirms that ions predominate the conduction of electrolyte with 0.85 ion transference number.
Multicenter expanded access program for access to investigational products for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Neel Dylan V. , Baselga‐Garriga Clara , Benson Molly , Keegan Mackenzie , Chase Marianne , D'Agostino Derek , Drake Kristin , Hagar Jennifer Linn , Hasenoehrl Meredith Gibbons , Kulesa‐Kelley Jennifer , Leite Alex , Mohapatra Silpa , Portaro Susanna Marie , Pothier Lindsay M. , Rosenthal Jesse , Sherman Alexander V. , Yu Hong , McCaffrey Alexandra , Ho Doreen , Luppino Sarah , Bedlack Richard , Heitzman Daragh , Ajroud‐Driss Senda , Katz Jonathan , Felice Kevin , Whitaker Charles , Ladha Shafeeq , Alameda Gustavo , Locatelli Eduardo , Qureshi Irfan A. , Hotchkin Michael T. , Hayden Michael R. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Babu Suma , Berry James D. , Paganoni Sabrina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsExpanded access (EA) is a Food and Drug Administration‐regulated pathway to provide access to investigational products (IPs) to individuals with serious diseases who are ineligible for clinical trials. The aim of this report is to share the design and operations of a multicenter, multidrug EA program for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) across nine US centers.MethodsA central coordination center was established to design and conduct the program. Templated documents and processes were developed to streamline study design, regulatory submissions, and clinical operations across protocols. The program included three protocols and provided access to IPs that were being tested in respective regimens of the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial (verdiperstat, CNM‐Au8, and pridopidine). Clinical and safety data were collected in all EA protocols (EAPs). The program cohorts comprised participants who were not eligible for the platform trial, including participants at advanced stages of disease progression and with long disease duration.ResultsA total of 85 participants were screened across the 3 EAPs from July 2021 to September 2022. The screen failure rate was 3.5%. Enrollment for the regimens of the platform trial was completed as planned and results informed the duration of the corresponding EAP. The verdiperstat EAP was concluded in December 2022. Mean duration of participation in the verdiperstat EAP was 5.8 ± 4.1 months. The CNM‐Au8 and pridopidine EAPs are ongoing.DiscussionMulticenter EAPs conducted in parallel to randomized clinical trials for ALS can successfully enroll participants who do not qualify for clinical trials.
Estimating gear selectivity and population composition of common whelks Buccinum undatum from tagging experiments and comparative gear trials
Authors: Colvin C. N. , Phillips E. C. , Hoenig J. M. , Gross J. M. , Hold N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The common whelk Buccinum undatum is of great commercial and ecological importance, but little information is known regarding the gear selectivity of the fishery. Understanding gear selectivity is key for the long-term sustainability of a stock and has applications in stock assessments and fishery management.

Methods
We investigated the effect of gear (pots) on the selectivity of catch within the common whelk commercial fishery through a mark–recapture study and comparative gear trials across Wales. The size composition of the population in the water was estimated by dividing the numbers at size brought onboard by the selectivity of the pots. The selectivity of experimental pots (commercial pots that were modified to catch a wider size range) was estimated by comparing the size composition of whelks caught in the experimental gear to the estimated size composition of the population.

Result
Peak selectivity of commercial pots occurred around the current minimum landing size (65 mm total shell length) for common whelks, with selectivity sloping off gradually for larger individuals and rapidly for undersized individuals. Across regions, less than 30% of the catch from baited lay-down pots was discarded. Experimental pots were found to have a more variable but generally dome-shaped selectivity curve similar to that of the commercial pots.

Conclusion
The fishery appears to be well designed, with gear successfully targeting the legal-sized catch, which is promising for the conservation of the stock if discards have a high survival rate. Experimental gear is ideal for stock assessment purposes, and methods developed to estimate the selectivity of the experimental pots reduce the need for further intensive mark–recapture studies as fishing gear evolves over time.
Generalized particle domain method: An extension of material point method generates particles from the CAD files
Authors: Wang Changsheng , Dong Genwei , Zhang Zhigong , Li Haiyang , Wu Zhangming 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a generalized particle domain method (GPDM) is proposed and developed within the framework of the convected particle domain interpolation method. This new method generates particles directly from non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS)‐based CAD file of a continuum body. The particle domain corresponds to a NURBS element even for trimmed elements of solids with complex geometries. The shape functions and the gradient of shape functions are evaluated using NURBS basis functions to map material properties between particles and grid nodes. It approves that this proposed GPDM can track the domain of particles accurately and avoid the issue of cell‐crossing instability. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the high performance of this proposed new particle domain method. It is shown that the results obtained using the proposed GPDM are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature. Further development of the generalized particle domain method can provide a link to the material point method and isogeometric analysis.
Biological and molecular characterization of pydiflumetofen and phenamacril dual‐resistant Fusarium graminearum strains
Authors: Liu Chang , Shao Wenyong , Duan Yabin , Zhao Youfu , Liu Zunyong , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSG) remains a major challenge to cereal crops and resistance to key fungicides by the pathogen threatens control efficacy. Pydiflumetofen, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenamacril, a cyanoacrylate fungicide targeting myosin I, have been applied to combat this disease. Nonetheless, emergence of pydiflumetofen resistance in a subset of field isolates alongside laboratory‐induced facile generation of phenamacril‐resistant isolates signals a critical danger of resistance proliferation.RESULTSOur study investigates the development of dual resistance to these fungicides in F. graminearum. Utilizing pydiflumetofen‐resistant (PyR) and ‐sensitive (PyS) isolates, we obtained dual‐resistant (PyRPhR) and phenamacril‐resistant (PySPhR) mutants on potato sucrose agar containing phenamacril. Mutation rates for phenamacril resistance were comparable between pydiflumetofen‐resistant and ‐sensitive isolates, implying independent pathways for resistance development. The mutants compromised in fungal growth, competitive viability and deoxynivalenol production, suggesting fitness penalties for the dual‐resistant mutants. However, no cross‐resistance was found with tebuconazole or fludioxonil. In addition, we characterized four critical amino acid changes (S217L, C423R, K537T, E420G) in the Myo1 that were verified to confer phenamacril resistance in F. graminearum.CONCLUSIONThis research indicates the possibility of resistance development for both pydiflumetofen and phenamacril in F. graminearum and emphasizes the need for fungicide resistance management for FHB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding the urban‐rural fertility divide in sub‐Saharan Africa: The critical role of social isolation
Authors: Crombach Lamar G. A. , Smits Jeroen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent models inadequately address the role of information transfer in explaining the slow fertility decline in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) in the 1990s and 2000s. We posit that an important reason for this slow decline was the high level of social isolation of the rural population in the region, as a result of which new ideas regarding fertility had difficulty reaching them. Applying Poisson regression to survey data on 180,000 women across 25 SSA countries spanning 1995–2010, we find clear associations of travel distance to urban areas and TV ownership with desired and actual fertility. Interaction analyses reveal a compensatory relationship between distance and TV ownership, with the effect of distance almost disappearing for households with a TV and the effect of TV disappearing for households close to urban areas. The role of information access is further stressed by the finding that socioeconomic factors, while highly significant overall, offer limited explanatory value for women living at great distance from urban centres or without TV access. If information transfer is indeed as important as our findings suggest, the increasing availability of smartphones and social media in rural SSA might lead to a faster fertility decline in the region than foreseen by the latest UN population estimates.
Quantifying the influence of atmospheric rivers on rainfall over the Jianghuai River Basin during the 2022 Mei‐yu season
Authors: Zhang Y. , Han Y. , Xuan Y. , Zhou H. , Gao H. , Yang N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow, elongated belts of intense water vapor transport that often occur in mid‐latitude areas and are the primary drivers of heavy precipitation in these regions. This study investigates the impact of ARs on precipitation patterns in the Jianghuai River Basin during the Mei‐yu period. Focusing on a specific rainstorm event on June 27, 2022, we analyze atmospheric circulation, water vapor attributes, and transport trajectories. Three distinct classes of grids (Class A, significantly influenced by ARs; Class B, moderately affected; and Class C, untouched by ARs) are identified based on their response to ARs. Class A grids, located centrally, experience substantial precipitation, with a higher probability of rainstorm events. Class B grids, situated at a distance from ARs, exhibit moderate precipitation and a longer duration of rainy days. Class C grids, minimally affected by ARs, experience minimal precipitation with almost no chance of rainstorm events. The results from grid‐based analysis emphasize the localized influence of ARs, indicating a 8–30 times increase in precipitation intensity of Class A compared to Class C. The 23‐day Mei‐yu period is further categorized into AR days and non‐AR days, revealing that ARs amplify precipitation intensity by 2–5 times on average. Grid‐based and day‐based analyses provide complementary insights, with the former offering a broader spatial perspective and the latter emphasizing temporal distinctions. These findings underscore the nuanced influence of ARs on precipitation, emphasizing their role in extreme events and highlighting the importance of considering both spatial and temporal factors in understanding precipitation variability.
Bayesian batch optimization for molybdenum versus tungsten inertial confinement fusion double shell target design
Authors: Vazirani Nomita N. , Sacks Ryan , Haines Brian M. , Grosskopf Michael J. , Stark David J. , Bradley Paul A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccess to reliable, clean energy sources is a major concern for national security. Much research is focused on the “grand challenge” of producing energy via controlled fusion reactions in a laboratory setting. For fusion experiments, specifically inertial confinement fusion (ICF), to produce sufficient energy, the fusion reactions in the ICF fuel need to become self‐sustaining and burn deuterium‐tritium (DT) fuel efficiently. The recent record‐breaking NIF ignition shot was able to achieve this goal as well as produce more energy than used to drive the experiment. This achievement brings self‐sustaining fusion‐based power systems closer than ever before, capable of providing humans with access to secure, renewable energy. In order to further progress toward the actualization of such power systems, more ICF experiments need to be conducted at large laser facilities such as the United States's National Ignition Facility (NIF) or France's Laser Mega‐Joule. The high cost per shot and limited number of shots that are possible per year make it prohibitive to perform large numbers of experiments. As such, experimental design relies heavily on complex predictive physics simulations for high‐fidelity “preshot” analysis. These multidimensional, multi‐physics, high‐fidelity simulations have to account for a variety of input parameters as well as modeling the extreme conditions (pressures and densities) present at ignition. Such simulations (especially in 3D) can become computationally prohibitive to turn around for each ICF experiment. In this work, we explore using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes (GPs) to find optimal designs for ICF double shell targets, while keeping computational costs to manageable levels. These double shell targets have an inner shell that grades from beryllium on the outer surface to the higher Z material molybdenum, as opposed to the nominally used tungsten, on the inside in order to trade off between the high performance associated with high density inner shells and capsule stability. We describe our results for “capsule‐only” xRAGE simulations to study the physics between different capsule designs, inner shell materials, and potential for future experiments.
Augmenting agricultural sustainability: Investigating the role of agricultural land, green innovation, and food production in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Abbasi Kashif Raza , Zhang Qingyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainable agriculture practices are necessitated for environmental, population, and resource conservation. Embracing sustainability can enhance food security, preserve ecosystems, and help combat climate change, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDGs 2, 7, and 13. Given that, the study explores agricultural land, green innovation, food production, renewable energy, and food trade openness impact on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while interacting green innovation with agricultural land, for the top 20 agricultural countries from 1980 to 2021. The study utilized innovative methods including method of moments quantile regression, Dumitrescu, and Hurlin 2012 causality also for robustness DKSE, NWSE, and ridge regression applied. The findings unveil that agricultural land, green innovation, and food production escalate the GHG emissions throughout quantiles. While renewable energy, food trade openness, and interaction between green innovation and agricultural land reduce GHG emissions. Additionally, DH causality shows a bidirectional causal association among the variables. Whereas the robustness is confirmed by DKSE, NWSE, and ridge regression. This research significantly contributes to SDGs 2, 7, and 13, offering a comprehensive framework for crafting effective policies that balance productivity and environmental sustainability. As the world's top agricultural producers confront evolving global challenges, this study lays out a roadmap toward a resilient and ecologically conscientious future.
Gendered Athletes in Sports: CEDAW’s Role in Tackling Heterosexist and Racialized Uniforms in Sports
Authors: Holzer Lena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the human rights implications of gendered and racialized clothing regulations in sports. It specifically uses the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) as the framework to discuss how gendered and racialized clothing regulations contravene international human rights law. By analysing the applicability of CEDAW to the issue of heterosexist clothing regulations in sports, the chapter provides general insights into the protection of human rights in sports through reliance on existing international instruments.
Filipinos First? Exploring Xenophobia and Its Legal Remedies in Philippine Amateur Basketball
Authors: De Leon Joseph Benjamin B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the discrimination that foreign student-athletes (FSAs) face through policies instituted by the Philippines’ top collegiate amateur sports organizations, which restrict participation in competitions. These policies ostensibly uphold amateurism and develop local talent, but negatively impact student-athletes from Nigeria, Cameroon, and other African countries who tend to excel compared to local student-athletes. While these restrictions have been widely criticized as racist, and detrimental to basketball as a sport, it appears likely that they will remain in place. The ban on FSAs is reinforced explicitly and/or implicitly in law and league regulations, confirming a recurring nationalist theme within Philippine sports. To the extent that law and jurisprudence can have a positive normative effect on society, it is important to find legal avenues to resist these measures. This chapter argues that there is the possibility under Philippine law for affected FSAs to protect their freedom through litigation based on equal protection and non-discrimination, and discusses potential modes of action and evaluates elements that may affect their success.
Frequency and variability of nonmetric dental crown traits of primary and permanent molars in a group of orthodontic patients
Authors: Blancato Ariane Beatriz , Paddenberg-Schubert Eva , Proff Peter , Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira Maria Angélica , Beisel-Memmert Svenja , Baratto-Filho Flares , Lippold Carsten , Kirschneck Christian , Calvano Küchler Erika , Lepri Cesar Penazzo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to assess the frequency and variation of 13 nonmetric dental crown traits (NDCT) in permanent and primary molars in German orthodontic patients.

Methods
Dental records from orthodontic patients were screened and evaluated. First and second permanent and primary upper and lower molars (from left and right sides) were assessed. Teeth with cavitated dental caries, occlusal wear, restorations and obvious dental deformities were not evaluated. The NDCT for permanent molars were identified and scored according to the odontoscopic system developed by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). The NDCT for primary molars were identified and scored according to ASUDAS, Hanihara’s method and Sciulli’s method. The χ2 test was used to investigate side preference and sexual dimorphism at a significance level of p ≤ 0.050.

Results
A total of 163 orthodontic patients (82 males and 81 females) aged 8–14 years were included. A sexual dimorphism was observed for the hypocone in first upper permanent molar (p = 0.041). The protostylid was observed in lower permanent molars (range 2.1–10%). Males presented more hypoconulid than females (p = 0.019). Only females presented the distal trigonid crest in lower first permanent molars (p = 0.002). The most common groove pattern in primary molars was Y; male presented more Y grade than females in the lower second primary molar (p = 0.039). Asymmetry was observed in some traits, ranging from 0 to 100%.

Conclusion
The present study showed the frequency of NDCT of molars in German orthodontic patients and demonstrated that some traits present sexual dimorphism.
Reconfiguring the alterity relation: the role of communication in interactions with social robots and chatbots
Authors: Root Dakota 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDon Ihde’s alterity relation focuses on the quasi-otherness of dynamic technologies that interact with humans. The alterity relation is one means to study relations between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) systems . However, research on alterity relations has not defined the difference between playing with a toy, using a computer, and interacting with a social robot or chatbot. We suggest that Ihde’s quasi-other concept fails to account for the interactivity, autonomy, and adaptability of social robots and chatbots, which more closely approach human alterity. In this article, we will examine experiences with a chatbot, Replika, and a humanoid robot, a RealDoll, to show how some users experience AI systems as companions. First, we show that the perception of social robots and chatbots as intimate companions is grounded in communication. Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and natural language generation (NLG) allow a relationship to form between some users and social robots and chatbots. In this relationship, some users experience social robots and chatbots as more than quasi-others. We will use Kanemitsu’s another-other concept to analyze cases where social robots and chatbots should be distinguished from quasi-others.