bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating enterprise risk management to address AI‐related risks in healthcare: Strategies for effective risk mitigation and implementation
Authors: Di Palma Gianmarco , Scendoni Roberto , Tambone Vittoradolfo , Alloni Rossana , De Micco Francesco 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers revolutionary enhancements in patient diagnostics, clinical processes, and overall access to services. Nevertheless, this technological transition brings forth various new, intricate risks that pose challenges to current safety and ethical norms. This research explores the ability of enterprise risk management as an all‐encompassing framework to tackle these arising risks, providing both a forward‐looking and responsive strategy designed for the health care industry. At the core of this method are instruments that together seek to proactively uncover and address AI‐related weaknesses like algorithmic bias, system failures, and data privacy issues. On the reactive side, it incorporates incident reporting systems and root cause analysis, tools that enable health care providers to quickly address unexpected events and consistently improve AI implementation procedures. However, some application difficulties still exist. The unclear, “black box” characteristics of numerous AI models hinder transparency and responsibility, prompting inquiries about the clarity of AI‐generated choices and their adherence to ethical benchmarks in patient treatment. The research highlights that with the progress of AI technologies, the enterprise risk management framework also needs to evolve, addressing these new complexities while promoting a culture focused on safety in health care settings.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Could Reduce Lung Damage Caused by H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Guo Chun Yan , Wang Yi , Feng Qing , Sun Li Jun , Feng Yang Meng , Dong Yi Han , Xu Cui Xiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInfluenza A virus infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to date, viral pneumonia has been the main cause of ARDS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise for treating lung injury caused by avian influenza virus infection. At present, studies of the use of other stem cell types to treat human influenza virus‐mediated lung damage are sparse. We assessed the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) to treat damage from serious H1N1 influenza virus infections in cell and animal‐based experiments. Maximum viral titers, inflammatory factor expression levels, differential expression of alveolar cell‐related proteins, animal weight and survival rate, lung histopathology, and other indicators were evaluated. Compared with the control group, in cellular experiments, UC‐MSCs could effectively inhibit H1N1 influenza viral replication and repair damaged host cells. In animal experiments, UC‐MSCs reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced entry of inflammatory cells into the lungs, alleviated lung inflammation, significantly reduced the extent of lung injury in mice, and improved lung histopathology, improving overall survival. A positive role of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating lung injury caused by H1N1 influenza virus infection that is worthy of clinical promotion has been demonstrated.
RT‐RPA Assisted CRISPR/Cas12a Based One‐Pot Rapid and Visual Detection of the Pan‐Dengue Virus
Authors: Bhardwaj Pooja , Dhangur Preeti , Kalichamy Alagarasu , Singh Rajeev 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGlobally ≤ 4 billion of the population are at potential risk of contracting dengue virus (DENV) infection. Seasonal outbreaks of dengue are frequently reported causing a high healthcare burden. Undiagnosed DENV can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of DENV relies on molecular methods, which are impractical in resource‐constrained settings (RCSs). Dengue can be caused by any of the four distinct DENV serotypes. Therefore, a simple method for rapid diagnosis of Pan‐DENV serotypes is of utmost importance at RCSs. A fluorescence detection platform for Pan‐DENV using RT‐RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a was developed targeting nonstructural 1 (NS1) gene for DENV‐1, 2, and 3, and envelope (E) gene for DENV‐2. Further, crRNA specific to DENV serotypes were designed to facilitate CRISPR/Cas12a detection. Analytical sensitivity was determined using synthetic RNA and DENV serotypes genome. Clinical validation of the assay was performed using RNA extracted from AES/AFI clinical samples. The developed CRISPR/Cas12a‐based detection platform can detect all four serotypes of DENV viz 1−4 in a single pot using fluorescence detection. This assay showed the limit of detection ≥ 781 zg reaction−1, ≥ 1.81 ag reaction−1, ≥ 62.5 fg reaction−1, and ≥ 2.5 pg reaction−1 for synthetic DENV‐1, DENV‐2, DENV‐3, and DENV‐4 template, respectively. Our assay demonstrated the analytic sensitivity of ≥ 10 ng reaction−1 for DENV‐1 and DENV‐4, and ≥ 0.5 ng reaction−1 for DENV‐3 and DENV‐4 genomes. This assay showed no cross‐reactivity with other related etiologies tested causing AFI/AES. With 76 clinical samples (DENV PCR positive = 16, DENV PCR negative = 60), the assay demonstrated 93.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an overall accuracy of 98.7% for detection of the Pan‐DENV serotypes. Our assay displayed comparable results to that of RT‐PCR. The ease of interpretation and rapid detection of the Pan‐DENV, represents the potential of the developed assay as an ideal point‐of‐care test. This assay upon field‐deployment could help in reducing healthcare burden, provide differential diagnosis and support initiating early and prompt treatment to patients at RCS.
Revising Flood Return Periods by Accounting for the Co‐Occurrence Between Floods and Their Potential Drivers
Authors: Kumar Kanneganti Bhargav , Das Bhowmik Rajarshi , Mujumdar Pradeep P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe return period of floods can be influenced by the extreme values of their potential drivers, which may vary among catchments. Understanding the risk and the associated changes in return periods due to these extreme values of drivers is therefore of interest in flood hydrology. In this study, floods are considered as compound events resulting from a combination of non‐independent factors. The return periods of these events are estimated using joint distribution functions, accounting for the dependence of flood peaks and their potential drivers in two distinct catchments: (i) an inland catchment‐Warunji Catchment, Krishna basin, India, and (ii) a coastal catchment‐Usk catchment, United Kingdom (UK). The annual maximum (AM) rainfall, soil moisture and storm surge are considered as potential drivers of floods and their variations in time of occurrence are calculated to understand co‐occurrence patterns. The pairwise co‐occurrence frequency and dependence are estimated, and joint distribution is calculated with the survival copula distribution function. The results indicate that AM values of the variables tend to co‐occur within a short time window, signifying that the flood risk changes with the extreme values of drivers. The maximum values of the AM series of drivers are observed in the same year as the largest flood in the series. The joint return periods of flood events show significant variations from their univariate estimates in both catchments, which have different flood‐generating mechanisms. This work re‐emphasises the findings in recent literature that the traditional univariate risk assessment methods based only on flood peak information may substantially underestimate/overestimate the risk of floods by neglecting the effects of their potential drivers and that a multivariate viewpoint is imperative for assessing the risk of floods.
Dual Effects of Vegetation Restoration Patterns and Soil Depth on the Soil Microbial Residue Carbon Accumulation in a Red Soil Erosion Area of Southern China
Authors: Chang Mengqi , Xiao Shengsheng , Wang Fangchao , Liu Hongguang , Zheng Haijin , Liao Yunhua , Chen Fusheng , Wang G. Geoff 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobial residue carbon (MRC) is an important source of soil organic carbon (SOC) and plays a vital role in the accumulation and retention of SOC. Vegetation restoration is an effective strategy for restoring degraded lands. However, there are no studies on how the MRC in a profile changes with vegetation restoration. We evaluated MRC (using amino sugars) accumulation and its contribution to SOC at different soil depths (0–20, 20–50, and 50–100 cm) during vegetation restoration in a severely eroded forest (CK), a restored forest (ecological restoration management), an orchard (development management pattern), and a secondary forest (ideal control). Microbial biomarkers were extracted from the soil profiles and used to measure microbial diversity and microbial community composition (using 16S rRNA). Vegetation restoration, soil depth, and their interaction with each other significantly affected the MRC, fungal residue carbon (FRC), and bacterial residue carbon (BRC) contents. The MRC content tended to increase across the four vegetation restoration patterns in the following order: CK (323.25 mg kg−1) < orchard (1035.67 mg kg−1) < restored forest (2919.01 mg kg−1) < secondary forest (6556.72 mg kg−1). Furthermore, the contribution of MRC to SOC increased with increasing soil depth in the restored forest. The contributions of total MRC to the SOC content varied from 13.12% to 71.88%. The rapid accumulation of MRC was substantially influenced by the SOC content, total nitrogen content, soil pH, bacterial and fungal diversity, and bacterial and fungal phyla. In conclusion, the patterns of vegetation restoration and soil depth play important roles in the accumulation of soil MRC in red soil erosion areas. These findings are pivotal for improving our mechanistic understanding of the microbial regulation of SOC preservation during vegetation restoration of a degraded ecosystem.
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Training and Service Delivery: An International Survey
Authors: Nuss Sarah , Nakku Doreen , Pandey Akansha , Elwell Zachary , Fei‐Zhang David , Srinivasan Tarika , Patterson Rolvix H. , Adeyemo Adebolajo , Cherches Alexander , Bangash Ali Haider , Mukuzi Allan , Seguya Amina , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Petrucci Beatriz , Der Mussa Carolina , Pietrobon Carolina , Waterworth Christopher James , Daudu Davina , Shaye David , Smith Emily , Cahill Gabrielle , Sprow Holly , Maina Ivy , Fagan Johannes J. , Wiedermann Joshua , Xu Mary Jue , Zalaquett Nader , Thapa Nar Maya , Hapunda Racheal , Okerosi Samuel , Tamir Sharon Ovnat , Ibekwe Titus , Alkire Blake , Salano Valerie , Din Taseer ,   Global OHNS Initiative
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImportanceHighlighting the global disparities in otolaryngology training and, ultimately, service delivery, emphasizing the need for equitable access to training resources and programs.ObjectiveTo describe the relationship between the quality, content, and location of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery training and education and the resulting impact on the delivery of otolaryngology care globally.DesignAn online cross‐sectional survey to otolaryngologists, gathering information on their training and education experiences, and factors influencing their choice of training location and practice.SettingThe online survey was available in multiple languages, distributed via national and international professional otolaryngology societies, snowballing and social media.ParticipantsThe respondents were practicing otolaryngologists representing all seven World Health Organization regions.ExposuresWorld Bank income groups classification.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOur expected outcome was that subspecialty training and access to educational resources were significantly readily available to respondents from high‐income countries, leading to more confidence in performing complex procedures post training.ResultsA total of 91 participants were included in the analysis, with 47 (52%) practicing in high‐income countries and 44 (48%) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Sixty‐one participants (67%) were male. Subspecialty training and access to educational resources were significantly less available in low‐ and middle‐income countries, leading to lower confidence among low‐ and middle‐income countries physicians in performing complex procedures. High‐income country respondents reported better access to diverse training resources and felt more prepared for a broader range of procedures.Conclusion and RelevanceSignificant disparities exist in OHNS training resources and subspecialty training opportunities between high‐ and low‐middle‐income countries. There is a critical need to integrate complementary training and educational modalities into local systems. Addressing the shortage of educational resources and promoting open‐access initiatives in low‐middle‐income countries are essential steps toward enhancing surgical education and improving global otolaryngology healthcare outcomes.
Quality Improvement of Single‐Institution Craniofacial Center Multidisciplinary Meetings Using Standardized Meeting Guides
Authors: Monk Aurelia S. , Hollingsworth Elexis , Benaim Ezer H. , Fox Lynn , Leeper Lauren K. , Drake Amelia F. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe American Cleft Palate Association‐Craniofacial Association (ACPA‐CPF) recommends regular multidisciplinary team meetings for comprehensive craniofacial patient care, yet standardized meeting guidelines are lacking. Lack of standardization may result in varying quality of care within and between institutions, as well as difficulty in creation of new multidisciplinary craniofacial teams at institutions without one. This study sought to assess craniofacial multidisciplinary team meetings and determine the utility of a meeting guidance tool in such meetings. It was set in a single institution's craniofacial center, and participants included multidisciplinary team members.MethodsThis project used the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act quality improvement method, completed in two phases. In the project's first phase, craniofacial team members assessed their current meetings with an evaluation instrument previously created. The evaluation results identified areas needing improvement, and a new meeting guide was created and implemented over four meetings. Team members also completed a survey comparing historical versus new meeting structures.ResultsInitial meeting quality was perceived positively, but evaluation with a standardized instrument revealed deficiencies, particularly in case presentation topics. Implementing a custom guide improved the provision of current and historical patient information and treatment plan summarization, although excessive repetition persisted. Adjustments to the custom meeting guide led to further quality enhancement, particularly in case presentation efficiency and meeting effectiveness.ConclusionMultidisciplinary team meetings are vital for comprehensive craniofacial care, but ensuring consistent quality is challenging. Our study demonstrates the value of utilizing standardized meeting guides to evaluate and create custom guides leading to quality improvement. Ongoing refinement is essential to address persisting issues and optimize patient outcomes.Level of Evidence5.
Readability of Hospital Online Patient Education Materials Across Otolaryngology Specialties
Authors: Warrier Akshay , Singh Rohan P. , Haleem Afash , Lee Andrew , Mothy David , Patel Aakash , Eloy Jean Anderson , Manzi Brian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study evaluates the readability of online patient education materials (OPEMs) across otolaryngology subspecialties, hospital characteristics, and national otolaryngology organizations, while assessing AI alternatives.MethodsHospitals from the US News Best ENT list were queried for OPEMs describing a chosen surgery per subspecialty; the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO), American Laryngological Association (ALA), Ear, Nose, and Throat United Kingdom (ENTUK), and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (CSOHNS) were similarly queried. Google was queried for the top 10 links from hospitals per procedure. Ownership (private/public), presence of respective otolaryngology fellowships, region, and median household income (zip code) were collected. Readability was assessed using seven indices and averaged: Automated Readability Index (ARI), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Readability (GFR), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Coleman–Liau Readability Index (CLRI), and Linsear Write Readability Formula (LWRF). AI‐generated materials from ChatGPT were compared for readability, accuracy, content, and tone. Analyses were conducted between subspecialties, against national organizations, NIH standard, and across demographic variables.ResultsAcross 144 hospitals, OPEMs exceeded NIH readability standards, averaging at an 8th–12th grade level across subspecialties. In rhinology, facial plastics, and sleep medicine, hospital OPEMs had higher readability scores than ENTUK's materials (11.4 vs. 9.1, 10.4 vs. 7.2, 11.5 vs. 9.2, respectively; all p < 0.05), but lower than AAO (p = 0.005). ChatGPT‐generated materials averaged a 6.8‐grade level, demonstrating improved readability, especially with specialized prompting, compared to all hospital and organization OPEMs.ConclusionOPEMs from all sources exceed the NIH readability standard. ENTUK serves as a benchmark for accessible language, while ChatGPT demonstrates the feasibility of producing more readable content. Otolaryngologists might consider using ChatGPT to generate patient‐friendly materials, with caution, and advocate for national‐level improvements in patient education readability.
Mesoporous Semi‐Permeable Flexible Polyurethane Membranes: Advancing Bioartificial Pancreas Design for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Gross Bryan , Lobry Emeline , Sigrist Séverine , Maillard Elisa , Magisson Jordan , Burcez Charles‐Thibault , Pires Manuel , Hébraud Anne , Schlatter Guy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study reports the development of elastomeric mesoporous polyurethane (PU) membranes for bioartificial pancreas applications in type 1 diabetes treatment. The membranes are designed to exhibit semi‐permeable properties, enabling insulin diffusion while restricting larger immune molecules, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Although electrospinning is a widely used technique for fabricating porous membranes for controlled drug release, it typically results in an average pore size on the order of few micrometers, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the mesoporous scale required. In this work, a green‐electrospinning process using waterborne PU suspension and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is employed, followed by thermal annealing and washing steps. The resulting membranes exhibit a controlled pore size in the mesoporous range (≈20 nm measured by capillary flow porometry). Diffusion tests confirmed selective permeability, with a recovery rate of 25% for insulin and a recovery rate below 5% for IgG, meeting therapeutic needs. In vivo characterizations show no degradation and good biocompatibility of the membranes without chronic inflammation. Moreover, mechanical characterization demonstrates the membranes' flexibility and strength, making them suitable for minimally invasive surgical implantation. These findings underscore the potential of PU membranes for long‐term biomedical applications, addressing critical challenges in permeability and mechanical stability.
Parents in peer delivery of family‐based behavioral pediatric weight management: the SHIFT randomized noninferiority trial
Authors: Saelens Brian E. , Rowland Maya G. , Scholz Kelley , Wright Davene R. , Ayala Guadalupe X. , Simoni Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis trial examined the noninferiority of family‐based behavioral pediatric weight management treatment (FBT) delivered by peers relative to professionals.MethodsChildren (n = 127) aged 7 to 11 years with BMI > 85th percentile for age and sex and at least one parent with BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to receive FBT delivered by parents who had previously received FBT from professionals. Child and parent anthropometrics and child quality of life were measured prior to FBT, at treatment end, and at 12‐month follow‐up. Treatment fidelity, adherence, and costs were examined by delivery mode.ResultsPeer FBT delivery was noninferior to professional FBT delivery (margin of 0.072 in child BMI z score change) at treatment end and at 12‐month follow‐up; however, superiority testing suggested that professional FBT delivery resulted in better child BMI z score change. No differential changes were observed in child quality of life or parental BMI by FBT delivery mode. Peer‐delivered FBT was well received, with peers providing personal examples of behavior change success but less skills‐focused content. Peer FBT delivery was about one‐quarter the cost of professional FBT delivery.ConclusionsThis study informs new strategies for sustaining the delivery of pediatric obesity interventions by involving trained parents.
Fabrication and Characterization of Composite Nanofibrous Membranes With TiO2 Particles Against UV Radiation
Authors: Jirkovec Radek , Holec Pavel , Kalous Tomas , Vikova Martina , Chvojka Jiri 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study employs electrospinning to fabricate and characterize composite nanofibrous layers composed of polyamide 6 and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles. Polyamide 6 solutions were prepared with varying TiO₂ concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 wt%) to investigate the impact of filler content on the spinning process and the resulting nanofiber morphology. The conductivity and viscosity of these solutions were measured to assess their spinnability. The fabricated nanofibrous layers were characterized to determine the distribution of TiO₂ particles and their influence on the overall morphology. Additionally, the wetting behavior and ultraviolet radiation (UV) absorption properties of the layers were evaluated. The results indicate that nanofibrous layers containing 50% TiO₂ exhibit the highest UV absorption potential, making them promising candidates for further applications.