bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glockenturmschwingungen und ihre normgerechte Reduzierung durch geeignete Maßnahmen am Geläut
Authors: Kuhlmann Wolfram , Kempen Thomas , Krause Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlockentürme sind dynamischen Lasten ausgesetzt, die immer wieder unterschätzt wurden. Daher kommt es auch heute noch an einer Vielzahl von Türmen zu erheblichen Turmschwingungen und Schäden. Inzwischen sind zwar sowohl der Ansatz der dynamischen Lasten als auch die Größe von Turmschwingungen, die unbedenklich sind, normativ geregelt. Für bestehende Türme stellt sich allerdings immer noch häufig die Frage, wie die Turmschwingungen auf ein akzeptables Maß reduziert werden können. In diesem Artikel werden verschiedenen Lösungsmöglichkeiten anhand konkreter Beispiele erläutert. Ziel der Maßnahmen war es jeweils, die Turmschwingungen auf die entsprechend der Norm unbedenklichen Werte zu reduzieren. Anhand der Beispiele wird deutlich, dass eine ausreichende Reduzierung der Turmschwingungen in den meisten Fällen durch geeignete Maßnahmen möglich ist. Es wird auch deutlich, dass die Wahl der jeweilig optimalen Maßnahme in jedem Einzelfall individuell ermittelt werden muss — auch wenn die äußeren Randbedingungen gleich erscheinen.Bell tower vibrations and their standard compliant reduction by appropriate measures of the peal of bells. Bell towers are subject to dynamic forces which have been underestimated repeatedly. For this reason up to now a multitude of towers show considerable vibrations of the tower and damage. Today the calculation of the dynamic forces as well as the size of vibrations of the tower which are considered harmless are defined in the codes. How ever, for existing towers the question still arises frequently how the vibrations of a tower can be reduced to an uncritical extent. In this article the different possible solutions are illustrated by concrete examples. The aim of the measures was always to reduce the tower’s vibrations in a way that the acceptable value given in the code is not exceeded. The examples show that a sufficient reduction of the tower’s vibrations is usually possible. It becomes also apparent that the choice of the optimal measure has to be determined in each case individually — even if the outward appearance of the towers seems to be similar.
Die Überdachung der Trambahnhaltestelle Münchner Freiheit
Authors: Winkler Thomas , Findeiß Rudolf , Betko Marian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAm 12. Dezember 2009 eröffneten die Stadtwerke München (SWM) als Bauherr die neue ca. 3 km lange Trambahnlinie 23 zwischen der Münchner Freiheit und der Parkstadt Schwabing. Neben der Schrägseilbrücke am Münchner Tor wurde dabei insbesondere die Haltestellenüberdachung an der Münchner Freiheit als architektonisches Highlight ihrer Bestimmung übergeben. Zusammen mit der zeitgleich abgeschlossenen Neugestaltung des U‐Bahnhofs erhielt die Münchner Freiheit durch die gänzliche Neugestaltung der Umsteigehaltestelle ein neues Aussehen, das vor allem durch die frei geformte ca. 1500 m2 große Überdachung geprägt ist. Den tragwerksplanerischen Entwurf der Stahlkonstruktion in Form eines gekrümmten Flächentragwerks mit 18 aufgelösten Stützen (Bilder 1 und 2) erarbeitete das Münchner Ingenieurbüro Sailer Stepan und Partner. Bis diese Konstruktion von der Fa. Stahlbau Bitschnau ausgeführt werden konnte, waren intensive Planungen notwendig, die Fragen zur Wahl des Materials, der optimalen Form und zu einer mit dem Bestand des U‐Bahn Bauwerks verträglichen Lastableitung beantworteten.Canopy roof to the terminus Münchner Freiheit. On 12th December 2009 the new tram line number 23 was opened by the client/operator Stadtwerke München (SWM). The new cable stayed bridge at Münchener Tor and the new canopy roof to the terminus at Münchener Freiheit form the architectural highlights along the 3km route from Münchner Freiheit to Parkstadt Schwabing. The connecting underground station at Münchener Freiheit was also refurnished and reopened at the same time resulting in a general facelift, dominated by the free form of the 1500 m2 canopy to the tram station. Structural engineers Sailer Stepan and Partners designed the steel structure of the double curved grid shell with 18 freestanding columns. By the time that the canopy structure was erected by steel fabricators Stahlbau Bitschnau an intense design process had determined the choice of materials, the optimised shape of the roof and the restricted load transfer to the existing underlying structure of the U‐Bahn station.
Assessing the trend of gastroschisis prevalence in China from 1996 to 2007 using two analytical methods
Authors: Xu Lili , Li Xiaohong , Dai Li , Yuan Xiuqin , Liang Juan , Zhou Guangxuan , Li Qi , He Chunhua , Miao Lei , Wang Yanping , Zhu Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, the prevalence of gastroschisis has increased remarkably in some areas and remained unchanged in other areas; however, in general, there is a recent increasing trend compared to the 1970s and 1980s. In this study, we explored the time trend of gastroschisis prevalence in China during 1996 to 2007.METHODSData were retrieved from the hospital‐based national monitoring database maintained by the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (CBDMN). The monitored subjects were infants born on the 28th gestational week or later, including live births and stillbirths. The maximal time for the diagnosis of a congenital malformation was the seventh day after birth. The secular trends on the overall prevalence and the different feature‐specific prevalence of gastroschisis in China were analyzed using the linear chi‐square test and the Poisson regression model.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of gastroschisis in China was 2.54 per 10,000 births during 1996 to 2007. Except for the prevalence of gastroschisis that significantly increased among infants whose mothers were 20 to 24 years old (p = 0.0498 for the linear chi‐square test, p = 0.0032 for the Poisson regression model analysis) and significantly decreased among infants whose mothers were 30 to 34 years old (p = 0.0177 for the Poisson regression model analysis), no significant changes were found in the overall and remaining feature‐specific prevalences.CONCLUSIONThe overall prevalence of gastroschisis in China did not change remarkably during 1996 to 2007; but the prevalence of gastroschisis significantly increased among infants whose mothers were 20 to 24 years old and decreased among infants whose mothers were 30 to 34 years old. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agrin function associated with ocular development is a target of ethanol exposure in embryonic zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Chengjin , Turton Qwan M. , Mackinnon Shanta , Sulik Kathleen K. , Cole Gregory J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlcohol (ethanol) is a teratogen known to affect the developing eyes, face, and brain. Among the ocular defects in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia. Employing zebrafish as an FASD model provides an excellent system to analyze the molecular basis of prenatal ethanol exposure‐induced defects because embryos can be exposed to ethanol at defined developmental stages and affected genetic pathways can be examined. We have previously shown that disruption of agrin function in zebrafish embryos produces microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia.METHODSZebrafish embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of ethanol in the absence or presence of morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) that disrupt agrin function. In situ hybridization was used to analyze ocular gene expression as a consequence of ethanol exposure and agrin knockdown. Morphologic analysis of zebrafish embryos was also conducted.RESULTSAcute ethanol exposure induces diminished agrin gene expression in zebrafish eyes and, importantly, combined treatment with subthreshold levels of agrin MO and ethanol produces pronounced microphthalmia, markedly reduces agrin gene expression, and perturbs Pax6a and Mbx gene expression. Microphthalmia produced by combined agrin MO and ethanol treatment was rescued by sonic hedgehog (Shh) mRNA overexpression, suggesting that ethanol‐mediated disruption of agrin expression results in disrupted Shh function.CONCLUSIONSThese studies illustrate the strong potential for using zebrafish as a model to aid in defining the molecular basis for ethanol's teratogenic effects. The results of this work suggest that agrin expression and function may be a target of ethanol exposure during embryogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VACTERL association and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Solomon Benjamin D. , Patel Ankita , Cheung Sau Wai , Pineda–Alvarez Daniel E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDVACTERL association includes the presence of malformations affecting the vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea and esophagus, kidneys, and limbs. The causes remain largely unknown, but rare patients with mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported. Although clinical signs and symptoms consistent with possible mitochondrial disease are not uncommon in patients with VACTERL association, the necessary testing to confirm mitochondrial dysfunction is infrequently performed.METHODSWe describe a patient with relatively classic signs of VACTERL association who had an onset of clinical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction at 13 months of age. These signs included progressive muscle weakness, autonomic dysregulation, episodic hypoglycemia, and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. The patient was later shown to have evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction (cytochrome c oxidase deficiency).CONCLUSIONSAbnormal mitochondrial function may be associated with VACTERL association, and clinicians who encounter patients with VACTERL association should have a low threshold for considering mitochondrial dysfunction. Birth Defects Research(Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dead cell counts during serum cultivation are underestimated by the fluorescent live/dead assay
Authors: Zhou Shengda , Cui Zhanfeng , Urban Jill 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe live/dead fluorescent assay provides a quick method for assessing the proportion of live and dead cells in cell culture systems or tissues and is widely used. Dead cells are detected by the fluorescence produced when propidium iodide (PI) binds to DNA; PI and similar molecules are excluded from live cells but can penetrate dead cells because of their loss of membrane integrity. Here we investigated the effect of serum in the culture medium on the reliability of the method. We assessed viability of chondrocytes with/without serum using both a live/dead assay kit and also trypan blue staining. We found that after 2 days of culture, the DNA‐binding dye PI could no longer detect dead cells if serum was present but they were readily detected in serum‐free medium or if an inhibitor to DNase I was added to the serum‐containing medium. Dead cells could be detected by trypan blue staining in all cultures. Hence dead cells are no longer detected as the DNase I present in serum degrades their DNA. DNA‐binding dyes may thus not give a reliable estimate of the number of dead cells in systems that have been cultured in the presence of serum for several days.
Stress‐related challenges in pentose fermentation to ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Almeida João R. M. , Runquist David , Sànchez Nogué Violeta , Lidén Gunnar , Gorwa‐Grauslund Marie F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractConversion of agricultural residues, energy crops and forest residues into bioethanol requires hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the released sugars. During the hydrolysis of the hemicellulose fraction, substantial amounts of pentose sugars, in particular xylose, are released. Fermentation of these pentose sugars to ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae under industrial process conditions is the subject of this review. First, fermentation challenges originating from the main steps of ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks are discussed, followed by genetic modifications that have been implemented in S. cerevisiae to obtain xylose and arabinose fermenting capacity per se. Finally, the fermentation of a real lignocellulosic medium is discussed in terms of inhibitory effects of furaldehydes, phenolics and weak acids and the presence of contaminating microbiota.
Recombinant dengue virus type 3 envelope domain III protein from Escherichia coli
Authors: Tripathi Nagesh K. , Shrivastava Ambuj , Biswal Karttik C. , Rao P. V. Lakshmana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDengue is a public health problem of global significance for which there is neither an effective antiviral therapy nor a preventive vaccine. The envelope protein of dengue virus is the major antigen to elicit neutralizing antibody response and protective immunity in hosts. Optimization of culture media was carried out for enhanced production of recombinant dengue virus type 3 envelope domain III (rDen 3 EDIII) protein in E. coli. Further, batch and fed‐batch cultivation process were also developed in optimized medium. After fed‐batch cultivation, the dry cell weight was about 22.80 g/L of culture. The rDen 3 EDIII protein was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. This process produced ∼649 mg of purified rDen 3 EDIII protein per liter of culture. The purity of the protein was determined by SDS–PAGE analysis and the reactivity was checked by Western blotting as well as ELISA. These results show that the purified protein may be used for the dengue diagnosis or further prophylactic studies for dengue infection.
Folding of a single‐chain, information‐rich polypeptoid sequence into a highly ordered nanosheet
Authors: Kudirka Romas , Tran Helen , Sanii Babak , Nam Ki Tae , Choi Philip H. , Venkateswaran Neeraja , Chen Ritchie , Whitelam Stephen , Zuckermann Ronald N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe design and synthesis of protein‐like polymers is a fundamental challenge in materials science. A means to achieve this goal is to create synthetic polymers of defined sequence where all relevant folding information is incorporated into a single polymer strand. We present here the aqueous self‐assembly of peptoid polymers (N‐substituted glycines) into ultrathin, two‐dimensional highly ordered nanosheets, where all folding information is encoded into a single chain. The sequence designs enforce a two‐fold amphiphilic periodicity. Two sequences were considered: one with charged residues alternately positive and negative (alternating patterning), and one with charges segregated in positive and negative halves of the molecule (block patterning). Sheets form between pH 5 and 10 with the optimal conditions being pH 6 for the alternating sequence and pH 8 for the block sequence. Once assembled, the nanosheets remain stable between pH 6 and 10 with observed degradation beginning to occur below pH 6. The alternating charge nanosheets remain stable up to concentrations of 20% acetonitrile, whereas the block pattern displayed greater robustness remaining stable up to 30% acetonitrile. These observations are consistent with expectations based on considerations of the molecules' electrostatic interactions. This study represents an important step in the construction of abiotic materials founded on biological informatic and folding principles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 586–595, 2011.
Solid‐phase synthesis of functionalized bis‐peptides
Authors: Brown Zachary Z. , Alleva Jennifer , Schafmeister Christian E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate the first solid‐phase synthesis of highly functionalized bis‐peptides. Bis‐peptides are ladder oligomers composed of stereochemically pure, cyclic bis‐amino acids joined by substituted diketopiperazine linkages. They have a shape‐programmable backbone that is controlled by controlling the stereochemistry and sequence of the monomers within each oligomer. Functionalized bis‐peptides are assembled using a new amide bond forming reaction (acyl‐transfer coupling) that we have previously developed and a novel activation strategy that allows the sequential formation of penta‐ and hexa‐substituted diketopiperazines from extremely hindered N‐alkyl‐α,α‐disubstituted amino acids. We present mechanistic evidence that acyl‐transfer coupling is competitive with direct acylation in the formation of hindered amide bonds. We also detail the synthesis of four functionalized bis‐peptides, and that by combining bis‐peptides with amino acids through diketopiperazine linkages, bis‐peptides can mimic the display of residues i, i+4, i+7 of an α‐helical peptide. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 578–585, 2011.
A convenient approach to synthesizing peptide C‐terminal N‐alkyl amides
Authors: Fang Wei‐Jie , Yakovleva Tatyana , Aldrich Jane V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPeptide C‐terminal N‐alkyl amides have gained more attention over the past decade due to their biological properties, including improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. However, the synthesis of this type of peptide on solid phase by current available methods can be challenging. Here we report a convenient method to synthesize peptide C‐terminal N‐alkyl amides using the well‐known Fukuyama N‐alkylation reaction on a standard resin commonly used for the synthesis of peptide C‐terminal primary amides, the peptide amide linker‐polyethylene glycol‐polystyrene (PAL‐PEG‐PS) resin. The alkylation and oNBS deprotection were conducted under basic conditions and were therefore compatible with this acid labile resin. The alkylation reaction was very efficient on this resin with a number of different alkyl iodides or bromides, and the synthesis of model enkephalin N‐alkyl amide analogs using this method gave consistently high yields and purities, demonstrating the applicability of this methodology. The synthesis of N‐alkyl amides was more difficult on a Rink amide resin, especially the coupling of the first amino acid to the N‐alkyl amine, resulting in lower yields for loading the first amino acid onto the resin. This method can be widely applied in the synthesis of peptide N‐alkyl amides. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 715–722, 2011.
A comparison of students' and jury panelists' decision‐making in split recovery cases
Authors: Fox Paul , Wingrove Twila , Pfeifer Courtney 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to assess jury decision‐making for 289 participants reading a medical malpractice vignette as a function of participant type (undergraduate students or jury panelists), punitive damage award apportionment (none, half, or all to the plaintiff), and compensation previously assigned to the plaintiff (low, medium, or high). We found several sample differences. Overall, jury panelists awarded more money for punitive damages. Jury panelists were also more affected by compensatory‐relevant information when making punitive decisions, including assigning punitive damages and rating the fairness of the traditional apportionment scheme, where the plaintiff receives all of the money. Compared with students, more jury panelists were in favor of the plaintiff receiving the entire punitive award. Most students endorsed split recovery. The authors suggest that psycholegal research conducted solely with student samples, rather than community members, may misestimate the likely behavior of actual juries. The implications of the study for split recovery policy are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How reason for surgery and patient weight affect verdicts and perceptions in medical malpractice trials: A comparison of students and jurors
Authors: Reichert Jenny , Miller Monica K. , Bornstein Brian H. , Shelton Hon. Donald E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractJurors' decision‐making processes are often influenced by extra‐legal factors, including judgments of defendants and plaintiffs. Two studies comparing the decisions of university students with those of community jurors sought to determine if extra‐legal factors such as individual differences (including identity as a student or juror participant), the reason for surgery (medically necessary vs. elective), the type of surgery (e.g., gastric bypass, nasal reconstruction) or weight of the patient influenced jurors' decisions and perceptions in medical malpractice suits, such that participants would hold negative perceptions of overweight patients or patients who undergo elective surgeries. Results indicate that students and jurors differ in perceptions of the patient's injury and perceptions of risk, which explains some of the variance in liability verdicts. Students were more likely to find doctors liable, but also were more likely to assign responsibility to patients than were jurors. Patients who had undergone elective surgery were seen as more responsible for their situation – and their doctors were assigned less responsibility – than those who had undergone a medically necessary surgery. Tests of weight bias showed that jurors found overweight patients less responsible for their situation than patients of normal weight, but students showed the opposite pattern. Theoretical explanations are explored and implications discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A web‐based intelligent tutoring system for a basic control course
Authors: Bulut Özek Müzeyyen , Akpolat Zuhtu Hakan , Orhan Ahmet 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe most important feature of the intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), one of the most popular study topics of recent years, is that it provides an opportunity for individual learning by taking students' individual differences into account. In order to be able to realize this feature, it is necessary that the system recognizes students well. The process of recognizing student is performed as a result of observations which ITS applies on students. A number of uncertainties arise during these observations. In order to minimize learning uncertainties and create a productive and effective ITS, type‐2 fuzzy logic, one of the artificial intelligence techniques, is used in the system developed in this study. In order to show the effectiveness of the developed web‐based ITS, it is applied to the teaching of a basic Control Course. The educational evaluation of the system is presented in the paper. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 561–571, 2013
Using MatLab's fuzzy logic toolbox to create an application for RAMSET in software engineering courses
Authors: Martínez Luis G. , Licea Guillermo , Rodríguez Antonio , Castro Juan R. , Castillo Oscar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRole Assignment Methodology for Software Engineering Teams (RAMSET) methodology relates personality, abilities, and software roles for building Software Engineering Teams, applying sociometric, and psychometric techniques. This paper presents the results and experience of applying RAMSET's software supporting tool developed under a fuzzy approach. This software facilitates the role assignment decision making process, which results in a choice of role selection for individuals in working team projects. It has been applied in Software Engineering Courses of our Computer Engineering Program with great success giving students a practical experience in learning objectives, functions, responsibilities, and tasks of a member in a specific role during the Software Engineering Process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 596–605, 2013