bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing an improved model of the adult female ICRP reference phantom dedicated to mammography procedure
Authors: Ebrahimi-Khankook Atiyeh , Vejdani-Noghreiyan Alireza , Khodajou-Chokami Hamidreza , Abbasi-Khiabani Zahra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mammography is an x-ray-based imaging method to examine breast abnormalities. Since low-energy photons are used in mammography, doses to different organs would depend strongly on the phantom posture and anatomy. Until now, a few studies have been performed on doses delivered to different organs during mammography. However, in none of them, the correct posture of the patient has been considered. In the present study, the effect of accurate patient positioning, on doses to organs in the chest region were investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results show the rotation of the phantom head, may affect organ doses up to 60%. Also, ignoring the head in dosimetry calculations changes scattering effects and causes dose uncertainty of about 8% for these organs. Moreover, according to the obtained results, not compressing the breast causes serious dose misestimation. Finally, using developed phantoms dedicated for mammography, total doses received by different organs have been calculated for the tube voltages of 25, 28, 30 and 35 kVp and for craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views.
Resistance spot welding defect detection based on vectorized dynamic resistance signal and LightGBM classifier
Authors: Lv Zigui , Gao Xiangdong , Xiao Hong , Gao Pengyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The problem of real-time detection of welding defects is a difficult problem in resistance spot welding. It is found that the dynamic resistance has a strong connection with the growth of the nugget. The dynamic resistance signals with welding defects are significantly different from those of normal welding, and the dynamic resistance signals between different welding defects show different characteristics, and the dynamic resistance signals of the same kind of welding defects may also differ from each other. The most common practice today to realize the detection of resistive defects is by extracting the time-domain features of the signal waveforms. However, this approach is highly subjective, so this article proposes a double-size mesh division method to process the dynamic resistance signal. Experiments prove that the method can retain the characteristics of the signal curve well, and it is also improves the training speed and accuracy compared with the mesh division method. Finally, the processed signals are classified using the light gradient boosting machine classifier with an accuracy of 98.55%.
Anomaly detection in wind turbine blades based on PCA and convolutional kernel transform models: employing multivariate SCADA time series analysis
Authors: Meng Lingchao , Gao Jianxiong , Yuan Yiping , Yang Haojin , Heng Fei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the widespread application of wind power technology, the detection of abnormalities in wind turbine blades has become a key research area. The use of data from monitoring and data acquisition (SCADA) systems for data-driven fault detection research presents new challenges. This study utilizes short-term SCADA data from wind turbine generators to classify the blade abnormal and normal operational states, thereby introducing a new method called PCABSMMR. This strategy integrates principal component analysis (PCA) and borderline-synthetic minority over-sampling technique (Borderline-SMOTE) for data processing and utilizes an improved multi-dimensional time series classification (MTSC) model. It combines one-dimensional convolution from deep learning with shallow learning’s rigid classifiers. PCA is used for dimensionality reduction, while Borderline-SMOTE expands the samples of minority class fault instances. Comparative analysis with various methods shows that the proposed method has an average F1-score of 0.98, outperforming many state-of-the-art MTSC models across various evaluation metrics.
Quantitative condition assessment method for rotating machinery using fuzzy neural network
Authors: Lu Jiantao , Zhang Chenyang , Cui Rongqing , Li Shunming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Health condition assessment of rotating machinery has been a persistent challenge. Traditional condition assessment methods often rely on single features, limiting their application to comprehensively measure the health condition of rotating machinery. This study introduced a quantitative condition assessment method for rotating machinery using fuzzy neural network (FNN). Initially, multi-domain features of signals from rotating machinery are extracted to achieve comprehensive representation of signals in the feature space. To eliminate redundant information of various features, a feature dimensionality reduction method is explored based on variance variation and stacked auto-encoder. Afterward, a normalized health indicator is constructed by integrating the optimized features through FNN, and it can indicate the current conditions of rotating machinery. Furthermore, an early anomaly alarm strategy based on 3σ criterion is designed for rotating machinery. The abnormal signal will be recognized automatically when it exceeds the predetermined thresholds. Last, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on IMS bearing dataset and XJTU-SY bearing dataset. The results show that the proposed method can effectively obtain the quantitative indicators that reflect the operation conditions of rotating machinery and can accurately detect the early abnormal signals.
Two-dimensional material assisted-growth strategy: new insights and opportunities
Authors: Feng Yuming , Khalid Mansoor , Xiao Haiying , Hu PingAn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The exploration and synthesis of novel materials are integral to scientific and technological progress. Since the prediction and synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) materials, it is expected to play an important role in the application of industrialization and the information age, resulting from its excellent physical and chemical properties. Currently, researchers have effectively utilized a range of material synthesis techniques, including mechanical exfoliation, redox reactions, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical vapor transport, to fabricate two-dimensional materials. However, despite their rapid development, the widespread industrial application of 2D materials faces challenges due to demanding synthesis requirements and high costs. To address these challenges, assisted growth techniques such as salt-assisted, gas-assisted, organic-assisted, and template-assisted growth have emerged as promising approaches. Herein, this study gives a summary of important developments in recent years in the assisted growth synthesis of 2D materials. Additionally, it highlights the current difficulties and possible benefits of the assisted-growth approach for 2D materials. It also highlights novel avenues of development and presents opportunities for new lines of investigation.
Mixed-size spot scanning with a compact large momentum acceptance superconducting (LMA-SC) gantry beamline for proton therapy
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Xu , Liao Yicheng , Zeng Yiling , Chen Yu , Yu Benzhaoxia , Yang Zhiyong , Gao Hao , Qin Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjective. Lowering treatment costs and improving treatment quality are two primary goals for next-generation proton therapy (PT) facilities. This work will design a compact large momentum acceptance superconducting (LMA-SC) gantry beamline to reduce the footprint and expense of the PT facilities, with a novel mixed-size spot scanning method to improve the sparing of organs at risk (OAR).Approach. For the LMA-SC gantry beamline, the movable energy slit is placed in the middle of the last achromatic bending section, and the beam momentum spread of delivered spots can be easily changed during the treatment. Simultaneously, changing the collimator size can provide spots with various lateral spot sizes. Based on the provided large-size and small-size spot models, the treatment planning with mixed spot scanning is optimized: the interior of the target is irradiated with large-size spots (to cover the uniform-dose interior efficiently), while the peripheral of the target is irradiated with small-size spots (to shape the sharp dose falloff at the peripheral accurately).Main results. The treatment plan with mixed-size spot scanning was evaluated and compared with small and large-size spot scanning for thirteen clinical prostate cases. The mixed-size spot plan had superior target dose homogeneities, better protection of OAR, and better plan robustness than the large-size spot plan. Compared to the small-size spot plan, the mixed-size spot plan had comparable plan quality, better plan robustness, and reduced plan delivery time from 65.9 to 40.0 s.Significance. The compact LMA-SC gantry beamline is proposed with mixed-size spot scanning, with demonstrated footprint reduction and improved plan quality compared to the conventional spot scanning method.
Reply to Comment on ‘The influence of plasma evolution on a kinetic scenario of collisional relaxation of a magnetized plasma’
Authors: Erofeev V I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the comment to my recent work (Erofeev 2023 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
65 085014) Chao Dong and Ding Li have pointed out a mistake that I missed in the last stage of my research (Dong and Li 2024 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
66 068001). I will consider its essence and impact on the basic results reported in the paper in a slightly different way.
Quantum networks using counterfactual quantum communication
Authors: Warke Aakash , Thapliyal Kishore , Pathak Anirban 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Counterfactual quantum communication is one of the most interesting facets of quantum communication, allowing two parties to communicate without any transmission of quantum or classical particles between the parties involved in the communication process. This aspect of quantum communication originates from the interaction-free measurements where the chained quantum Zeno effect plays an important role. Here, we propose a new counterfactual quantum communication protocol for transmitting an entangled state from a pair of electrons to two independent photons. Interestingly, the protocol proposed here shows that the counterfactual method can be employed to transfer information from house qubits to flying qubits. Following this, we show that the protocol finds uses in building quantum repeaters leading to a counterfactual quantum network, enabling counterfactual communication over a linear quantum network.
Effect of doped heteroatom on monolayer SnSe2 adsorption of Na
Authors: Ma Mengting , Liu Guili , Zhang Guoying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on the first principles, we have calculated the influence of B, Br, and N atom doping on the adsorption properties and optoelectronic properties of monolayer SnSe2 adsorbed Na. The calculations show that vacancy is the most favorable adsorption site for the Na atom. Among the three doping systems, the B-doped system has the best adsorption energy and height and Na’s adsorption capacity. After the adsorption of the Na atom by intrinsic SnSe2, the system behaves from a semiconductor to a metal nature. Doping Br atom increases the adsorption system’s Fermi energy level, the conduction band’s overall energy increases and the electrical conductivity is enhanced. Doping B and N atoms change the adsorption system from metallic to p-type semiconductor properties. The system’s adsorption performance, electrical conductivity, and energy band tunability are improved. Due to the electrostatic repulsion between Na atoms, the adsorption energy of the system shows an increasing trend with the increase in the number of adsorbed Na atoms on the surface. The maximum specific capacity of the surface of the doped system is 373 mAhg−1, and the system has high storage capacity. Optical property calculations show that the static refractive index of the Br-doped adsorption system is maximum. The static refractive index of the doped adsorption system is minimal. Doping makes the system’s energy loss smaller, complex conductivity decreases, intermolecular interactions decrease, and the adsorption system becomes more stable.
Entanglement constraint on wave-particle duality for tripartite systems
Authors: Li Z J , He Y Q , Ding D , Gao T , Yan F L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A global multi-partite entanglement may place a constraint on the wave-particle duality. We investigate this constraint relation of the global entanglement and the quantitative wave-particle duality in tripartite systems. We perform quantum state tomography to reconstruct the reduced density matrix by using the OriginQ quantum computing cloud platform. As a result, we show that, theoretically and experimentally, the quantitative wave-particle duality is indeed constrained by the global tripartite entanglement. The present constraint relation can not only provide the foundational explanation for experimentally testing wave-particle duality, and also give the global entanglement a motivated physical meaning from the point of view of the quantitative wave-particle duality.
Gravitational wave non-Gaussianity from trans-Planckian quantum noise
Authors: Cielo Mattia , Fasiello Matteo , Mangano Gianpiero , Pisanti Ofelia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examine the effect of a trans-Planckian phase on the dynamics of inflationary tensor
perturbations. To remedy the fact that this regime is not fully captured by standard perturbation
theory, we introduce an effective quantum noise source, whose role is regulated by the energy
scale Λ. The presence of the source modifies the initial conditions for the tensor modes,
leaving a distinct imprint. We study the amplitude and shape of the gravitational wave bispectrum
of the model and compare these with their counterparts obtained under the assumptions of
Bunch-Davies initial conditions and α-vacua states. Depending on the value of the scale
Λ, we find distinctive signatures associated with both the bispectrum shape and the
non-linear parameter f
NL.
New constraints on the gamma-ray and high energy neutrino fluxes from the circumstellar interaction of SN 2023ixf
Authors: Sarmah Prantik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recent supernova, SN 2023ixf, one of the closest observed type II SNe has revealed the presence of a dense circumstellar material (CSM). Interaction of the SN ejecta with this dense CSM might create high energy protons of PeV energies through shock acceleration. These accelerated protons then colliding with the CSM (inelastic pp collision) can produce secondaries such as high energy gamma-rays and neutrinos. However, no gamma-rays and neutrinos have been detected by Fermi-LAT and IceCube from this event. Fermi-LAT has placed an upper limit on the gamma-ray flux above 100 MeV to be 2.6 × 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1. On the other hand, IceCube's upper limit on muon neutrino flux is 7.3 × 10-2 GeV cm-2. Taking these limits into account and using the shock-CSM properties derived from multi-wavelength observations, we obtain new upper limits on the gamma-ray (10-11 erg cm-2 s-1) and neutrino (10-3 GeV cm-2) fluxes from SN 2023ixf produced via the pp interaction channel. While we found the gamma-ray flux to be consistent with Fermi-LAT's upper limit, the neutrino flux is found to be about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the IceCube's upper limit. We further analyse the detection prospects of such secondary signals from future SN 2023 like events with upcoming detectors, CTA and IceCube-Gen2 and found to have great discovery potential, if any similar event occurs within 7 Mpc.
Detecting dark matter halos with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Zhang Chao , Fu Guoyang , Dai Ning 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where a small compact object inspirals into a supermassive black hole, are excellent sources for the space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave (GW) detectors.
The presence of the dark matter (DM) halo surrounding the supermassive black hole will influence the orbital evolution and emitted gravitational waveform of the binary.
By direct observation of GW signals, we assess the detector's capability to detect whether an EMRI is immersed in a DM halo and to measure its characteristic spatial scale a
0 and mass M
halo.
Apart from the GW emission, the dynamical friction and accretion caused by the DM halo can also affect the dynamics of an EMRI, leaving detectable signatures in the emitted gravitational signal.
We perform a Fisher-matrix error analysis to estimate the errors of parameters a
0 and M
halo, as well as their correlation.
The results show that the highly correlated parameters a
0 and M
halo deteriorate the detector's ability to measure DM halo even though the dephasing and mismatch between signals with and without DM indicate much difference.
The effects of the dynamical friction and accretion can break possible degeneracy between parameters a
0 and M
halo, thus greatly decreasing the uncertainty by about one order of magnitude.
Experimental research of ECW pre-ionization and assisted startup in EAST
Authors: Chen Runze , Liu Wenbin , Qian Jinping , Zhang Bin , Sun Hongjuan , Luo Zhengping , Yu Yaowei , Gao Wei , Li Miaohui , Xu Handong , Wang Mao , Zuo Guizhong , Zhang Ling , Zhou Ruijie , Jia Tianqi , Li Pan , Wang Wei , He Yifan , Wang Zuhao , Tao Ye , Hu Yunchan , Guan Zhongfang , Lu Wenyi , Guo Yutong , Gong Xianzu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Experimental research on the electron cyclotron wave (ECW) pre-ionization and assisted start-up was carried out systematically for the first time in EAST tokamak, which is a superconducting device with ITER-like full metal wall. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (<0.3 V m−1) with ECW pre-ionization and startup assistance has been demonstrated. Also, the parameter domain of breakdown is significantly extended towards higher prefill gas pressure. The effect of ECW injection timing, power, toroidal injection angle on breakdown were also investigated. Injecting ECW earlier leads to an earlier breakdown and a higher plasma current ramp rate. The electron cyclotron heating (ECH) power threshold for breakdown in EAST is approximately 0.4 MW. In the range of ECH power tested in this work, higher ECH power is advantageous for achieving earlier and faster breakdown. Furthermore, the breakdown with radial ECW injection occurs earlier compared with oblique injections (co-current and counter-current). During the ECW-assisted startup, the process of burn-through is prolonged by the higher pre-filled gas pressure even though it enhances the ease of breakdown. In addition, compared to the low hybrid wave assistance, the ECW assistance has an effect in averting the generation of runaway electrons and improving the safety of device during startup. Moreover, the ECW assistance exhibits a high tolerance to the impurity and thus ensures a high ramp rate of plasma current even with a high impurity level.
The position resolution of the Gas Microchannel plate Pixel Detector
Authors: Feng Huan-Bo , Liu Hong-Bang , Wang Dong , Liu Shu-Lin , Liu Qian , Li Hang-Zhou , Yi Di-Fan , Wang Hui , Chen Ran , Feng Zu-Ke , Xie Fei , Liang En-Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Gas Microchannel plate Pixel Detector (GMPD) is
purposefully designed and manufactured for astrophysical X-ray
polarization detection, slated for use in various space missions
such as the Cosmic X-ray Polarization Detector (CXPD) CubeSat, Low
Energy Polarimeter Detector (LPD/POLAR-2), and the Chasing All
Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH). Past research has explored
the polarization and spectral performance of GMPD. This study, for
the first time, experimentally investigates its imaging
characteristics to validate its imaging capabilities. Utilizing a
deconvolution method, we measured the position resolution of GMPD,
revealing distinctions in the detector's imaging capabilities for
X-rays of varying energies and in orthogonal directions. These
research findings will provide targeted insights for optimizing the
photoelectron track reconstruction algorithm and correcting
systematic effects in polarization measurements for future
applications of GMPD.
A method for estimating the incident directions of alpha particles in 2-dimensional trajectory images in a GAGG plate
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yoshino Masao , Nakanishi Kohei , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Kataoka Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An imaging technique utilizing a scintillator plate in
conjunction with a magnifying unit and a cooled electron multiplying
charge-coupled device (EM-CCD) camera shows promise for capturing
high-resolution trajectory images. Nevertheless, in the
2-dimensional trajectory images, the incident directions of the
alpha particles entering the scintillator plate remained unknown due
to the line-shaped trajectories. To elucidate the incident
directions in our trajectory images, we conducted experiments
capturing trajectory images of alpha particles under off-focus
conditions. To capture off-focus images of alpha particles, we
systematically varied the distance between the GAGG plate and the
lens during imaging using an americium-241 (Am-241) source. Through
images obtained at different distances between the GAGG plate and
the lens, we successfully acquired trajectory images with varying
degrees of off-focus, revealing that trajectory images focused on
the upper surface of the GAGG plate exhibited blurred and wider
trajectories in the deeper regions, making the incident directions
of the alpha particles evident. We conclude that the proposed
off-focus method for trajectory imaging of alpha particles holds
promise for estimating the incident directions in the trajectory
images.
Fibrillogenesis in collagen hydrogels accelerated by carboxylated microbeads
Authors: Rodríguez-Mandujano Laura , Pimentel-Domínguez Reinher , Tamariz Elisa , Campos-Puente Edgar , Giraldo-Betancur Astrid Lorena , Avila Remy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Collagen type I is a material widely used for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. Different architectures, such as gels, sponges, membranes, and nanofibers, can be fabricated with it. In collagen hydrogels, the formation of fibrils and fibers depends on various parameters, such as the source of collagen, pH, temperature, concentration, age, etc. In this work, we study the fibrillogenesis process in collagen type I hydrogels with different types of microbeads embedded, using optical techniques such as turbidity assay and confocal reflectance microscopy. We observe that microbeads embedded in the collagen matrix hydrogels modify the fibrillogenesis. Our results show that carboxylated fluorescent microbeads accelerate 3.6 times the gelation, while silica microbeads slow down the formation of collagen fibrils by a factor of 1.9, both compared to pure collagen hydrogels. Our observations suggest that carboxylate microbeads act as nucleation sites and the early collagen fibrils bind to the microbeads.