bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling Real‐Time Atomic Dynamics in Metal Nanoparticles by Combining Experiments, Simulations, and Machine Learning
Authors: Cioni Matteo , Delle Piane Massimo , Polino Daniela , Rapetti Daniele , Crippa Martina , Irmak Ece Arslan , Van Aert Sandra , Bals Sara , Pavan Giovanni M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEven at low temperatures, metal nanoparticles (NPs) possess atomic dynamics that are key for their properties but challenging to elucidate. Recent experimental advances allow obtaining atomic‐resolution snapshots of the NPs in realistic regimes, but data acquisition limitations hinder the experimental reconstruction of the atomic dynamics present within them. Molecular simulations have the advantage that these allow directly tracking the motion of atoms over time. However, these typically start from ideal/perfect NP structures and, suffering from sampling limits, provide results that are often dependent on the initial/putative structure and remain purely indicative. Here, by combining state‐of‐the‐art experimental and computational approaches, how it is possible to tackle the limitations of both approaches and resolve the atomistic dynamics present in metal NPs in realistic conditions is demonstrated. Annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy enables the acquisition of ten high‐resolution images of an Au NP at intervals of 0.6 s. These are used to reconstruct atomistic 3D models of the real NP used to run ten independent molecular dynamics simulations. Machine learning analyses of the simulation trajectories allow resolving the real‐time atomic dynamics present within the NP. This provides a robust combined experimental/computational approach to characterize the structural dynamics of metal NPs in realistic conditions.
Integrating Lithium Sulfide as a Single Ionic Conductor Interphase for Stable All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wu Xin , Pan Hui , Zhang Menghang , Zhong Hanyun , Zhang Zhenjie , Li Wei , Sun Xinyi , Mu Xiaowei , Tang Shaochun , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a very prospective solid‐state electrolyte, Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) exhibits high ionic conductivity comparable to liquid electrolytes. However, severe self‐decomposition and Li dendrite propagation of LGPS will be triggered due to the thermodynamic incompatibility with Li metal anode. Herein, by adopting a facile chemical vapor deposition method, an artificial solid electrolyte interphase composed of Li2S is proposed as a single ionic conductor to promote the interface stability of LGPS toward Li. The good electronic insulation coupled with ionic conduction property of Li2S effectively blocks electron transfer from Li to LGPS while enabling smooth passage of Li ions. Meanwhile, the generated Li2S layer remains good interface compatibility with LGPS, which is verified by the stable Li‐plating/stripping operation for over 500 h at 0.15 mA cm−2. Consequently, the all‐solid‐state Li–S batteries (ASSLSBs) with a Li2S layer demonstrate superb capacity retention of 90.8% at 0.2 mA cm−2 after 100 cycles. Even at the harsh condition of 90 °C, the cell can deliver a high reversible capacity of 1318.8 mAh g−1 with decent capacity retention of 88.6% after 100 cycles. This approach offers a new insight for interface modification between LGPS and Li and the realization of ASSLSBs with stable cycle life.
Super‐Toughness Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Bio‐Inspired Nano‐Coiling Engineering
Authors: Cho Young Shik , Lee Jae Won , Jung Yeonsu , Park Ji Yong , Park Jae Seo , Kim Sang Min , Yang Seung Jae , Park Chong Rae 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLightweight structural materials are commonly used as effective fillers for advanced composites with high toughness. This study focused on enhancing the toughness of direct‐spun carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) by controlling the micro‐textural structure using a water‐gap‐based direct spinning. Drawing inspiration from the structural features of natural spider silk fibroin, characterized by an α‐helix in the amorphous region and β‐sheet in the crystalline region, multiscale bundles within CNTYs are reorganized into a unique nano‐coil‐like structure. This nano‐coiled structure facilitated the efficient dissipation of external mechanical loads through densification with the rearrangement of multiscale bundles, improving specific strength and strain. The resulting CNTYs exhibited exceptional mechanical properties with toughness reaching 250 J g−1, making them promising alternatives to commercially available fibers in lightweight, high‐toughness applications. These findings highlight the significance of nano‐coiling engineering for emulating bio‐inspired micro‐textural structures, achieving remarkable enhancement in the toughness of CNTYs.
Molecular Engineering and Morphology Control of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Activity of Metal‐Enzyme Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Hao , Zhang Jialin , Liu Yunting , Liu Xinlong , Ma Li , Zhou Liya , Gao Jing , Liu Guanhua , Yue Xiaoyang , Jiang Yanjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal‐enzyme integrated catalysts (MEICs) that combine metal and enzyme offer great potential for sustainable chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis. However, rational design and construction of optimal microenvironments and accessible active sites for metal and enzyme in individual nanostructures are necessary but still challenging. Herein, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) are co‐immobilized into the pores and surfaces of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tunable functional groups, affording Pd/COF‐X/CALB (X = ONa, OH, OMe) MEICs. This strategy can regulate the microenvironment around Pd NPs and CALB, and their interactions with substrates. As a result, the activity of the COF‐based MEICs in catalyzing dynamic kinetic resolution of primary amines is enhanced and followed COF‐OMe > COF‐OH > COF‐ONa. The experimental and simulation results demonstrated that functional groups of COFs modulated the conformation of CALB, the electronic states of Pd NPs, and the affinity of the integrated catalysts to the substrate, which contributed to the improvement of the catalytic activity of MEICs. Further, the MEICs are prepared using COF with hollow structure as support material, which increased accessible active sites and mass transfer efficiency, thus improving catalytic performance. This work provides a blueprint for rational design and preparation of highly active MEICs.
Solar‐Powered AEM Electrolyzer via PGM‐Free (Oxy)hydroxide Anode with Solar to Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency of 12.44%
Authors: Ha Jun Seok , Park Youngtae , Jeong Jae‐Yeop , Lee Seung Hun , Lee Sung Jun , Kim In Tae , Park Seo Hyun , Jin Hyunsoo , Kim Soo Min , Choi Suwon , Kim Chiho , Choi Sung Mook , Kang Bong Kyun , Lee Hyuck Mo , Park Yoo Sei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater electrolyzers powered by renewable energy are emerging as clean and sustainable technology for producing hydrogen without carbon emissions. Specifically, anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers utilizing non‐platinum group metal (non‐PGM) catalysts have garnered attention as a cost‐effective method for hydrogen production, especially when integrated with solar cells. Nonetheless, the progress of such integrated systems is hindered by inadequate water electrolysis efficiency, primarily caused by poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes. To address this issue, a NiFeCo─OOH has developed as an OER electrocatalyst and successfully demonstrated its efficacy in an AEM electrolyzer, which is powered by renewable electricity and integrated with a silicon solar cell.
Aggregation‐based analytical chemistry in point‐of‐care nanosensors
Authors: Li Yuechun , Cui Zhaowen , Huang Lunjie , Zhang Daohong , Shen Yizhong , Cheng Jie , Wang Jianlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is crucial to realize the point‐of‐care (POC) testing of harmful analytes, capable of saving limited agricultural resources, assisting environmental remediation, ensuring food safety, and enabling early disease diagnosis. Compared with other conventional POC sensing strategies, aggregation‐based analytical chemistry facilitates the practical‐oriented development of POC nanosensors by altering the aggregation status of nanoprobes through the action of multiple aggregation‐induced “forces” originating from the targets. Herein, we have proceeded with a comprehensive review focusing on the aggregation‐based analytical chemistry in POC nanosensors, covering aggregation‐induced “forces”, aggregation‐induced signal transductions, aggregation‐induced POC nanosensing strategies, and their applications in biomolecular monitoring, food safety analysis, and environmental monitoring. Finally, challenges existing in practical applications have been further proposed to improve their sensing applications, and we expect our review can speed up the development of cost‐effective, readily deployable, and time‐efficient nanosensors through aggregation‐based analytical chemistry.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of MED12 c.887G>A causing both missense and splicing variants in X‐linked Ohdo syndrome
Authors: Togi Sumihito , Ura Hiroki , Niida Yo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe phenotypes associated with MED12 pathogenic variants are diverse. Male patients usually have missense variants, but the effects of base substitutions on mRNA splicing have not been investigated. Here, we report a Japanese brother with intellectual disability, characteristic facial appearance with blepharophimosis, cleft palate, Fallot tetralogy, vesicoureteral reflux, and deafness. A known missense pathogenic variant was detected in MED12, NM_005120.3:c.887G>A p.(Arg296Gln), and X‐linked Ohdo syndrome was diagnosed in combination with their phenotype. mRNA splicing of MED12 was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using long‐range PCR‐based targeted RNA sequencing (reverse transcribed long amplicon sequencing), and it was shown that this missense variant simultaneously causes aberrant splicing of the 42‐bp in‐frame deletion in exon 7, r.847_888del, which accounts for approximately 30% of the mRNAs in both siblings. The X chromosome inactivation study showed that the X chromosome carrying the mutant allele was 100% inactivated in the carrier mothers. mRNA level analysis is essential for the accurate interpretation of the effects of variants. In this case, the MED12 protein function may be reduced by more than just an amino acid substitution, resulting in the patients with the most severe phenotype of MED12‐related syndrome in males.
Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry with On‐Paper Electrokinetic Manipulations: Part‐Per‐Trillion Detection of Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water and Opioids in Urine
Authors: Rydberg Magnus , Bruening Merlin L. , Manicke Nicholas E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe developed a simple, paper‐based device that enables sensitive detection by mass spectrometry (MS) without solid phase extraction or other sample preparation. Using glass fiber filter papers within a 3D printed holder, the device employs electrokinetic manipulations to stack, separate, and desalt charged molecules on paper prior to spray into the MS. Due to counter‐balanced electroosmotic flow and electrophoresis, charged analytes stack on the paper and desalting occurs in minutes. One end of the paper strip was cut into a sharp point and positioned near the inlet of a MS. The stacked analyte bands move toward the paper tip with the EOF where they are ionized by paper spray. The device was applied to analysis of PFAS in tap water with sub part‐per‐trillion detection limits in less than ten minutes with no sample pretreatment. Analysis of opioids in urine also occurs in minutes. The crucial parameters to enable stacking, separation, and MS ionization of both positively and negatively charged analytes were determined and optimized. Experimental and computational modeling studies confirm the electrokinetic stacking and analyte transport mechanisms. On‐paper separations were carried out by stacking analyte bands at different locations depending on their electrophoretic mobility, achieving baseline separation in some cases.
Bioorthogonal Cu Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Synergistic Nanocatalytic Therapy, Photothermal Therapy, Cuproptosis and Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Luyan , Lin Huihui , Cao Xiang , Tong Qiang , Yang Fangqi , Miao Yinxing , Ye Deju , Fan Quli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites are potential substitutes for natural enzymes. A systematic study of its multiple functions can in‐depth understand SAzymes's nature, which remains elusive. Here, we develop a novel ultrafast synthesis of sputtered SAzymes by in situ bombarding‐embedding technique. Using this method, sputtered copper (Cu) SAzymes (CuSA) is developed with unreported unique planar Cu‐C3 coordinated configuration. To enhance the tumor‐specific targeting, we employ a bioorthogonal approach to engineer CuSA, denoted as CuSACO. CuSACO not only exhibits minimal off‐target toxicity but also possesses exceptional ultrahigh catalase‐, oxidase‐, peroxidase‐like multienzyme activities, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm generation for effective tumor destruction. Surprisingly, CuSACO can release Cu ions in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to induce cuproptosis, enhancing the tumor treatment efficacy. Notably, CuSACO′s remarkable photothermal properties enables precise photothermal therapy (PTT) on tumors. This, combined with nanozyme catalytic activities, cuproptosis and immunotherapy, efficiently inhibiting the growth of orthotopic breast tumors and gliomas, and lung metastasis. Our research highlights the potential of CuSACO as an innovative strategy to utilize multiple mechanism to enhance tumor therapeutic efficacy, broadening the exploration and development of enzyme‐like behavior and physiological mechanism of action of SAzymes.
The pseudosuchian record in paleohistology: A small review
Authors: Scheyer Torsten M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArchosauria originated around the Earth's largest biotic crisis that severely affected all ecosystems globally, the Permotriassic Mass extinction event, and comprises two crown‐group lineages: the bird‐lineage and the crocodylian lineage. The bird lineage includes the iconic pterosaurs, as well as dinosaurs and birds, whereas the crocodylian lineage includes clades such as aetosaurs, poposaurs, “rauisuchians,” as well as Crocodylomorpha; the latter being represented today only by less than 30 extant species of Crocodylia. Despite playing important roles during Mesozoic and Cenozoic ecosystems, both on land and in water, Pseudosuchia received far less attention compared to the bird‐lineage, which is also reflected in number and scope of histological studies so far. Lately, the field has seen a shift of focus toward pseudosuchians, however, and the symposium on “Paleohistological Inferences of Paleobiological Traits in Pseudosuchia” held during the International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology 2023 in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, is the latest proof of that. To put these novel aspects of paleohistological and paleobiological research into context, an overview of the non‐extant pseudosuchian taxa whose postcranial bones were studied so far is provided here (c. 80 species out of a total of more than 700 extinct species described) and recent trends in pseudosuchian osteohistology are highlighted. In addition, histological studies on cranial and dental material and other potential hard tissues, such as eggshells and otoliths, are briefly reviewed as well.
The scimitar‐cat Homotherium from the submerged continental shelf of the Gulf Coast of Texas
Authors: Moretti John A. , Flores Deanna , Bell Christopher J. , Godwin Will , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Lewis Patrick J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe machairodontine felid Homotherium achieved a global geographic distribution throughout much of the Pleistocene. Accordingly, that large carnivore is important for understanding patterns of community composition. We report on a new record of Homotherium based on a fragmentary premaxilla–maxilla discovered on McFaddin Beach, Texas, along the Gulf of Mexico. Skeletal remains of extinct, Pleistocene vertebrates accumulate on McFaddin Beach. Those fossils appear to originate from submerged deposits on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, an area that was subaerially exposed in the Late Pleistocene during glacial intervals. Marine erosion and transport altered the externally visible morphology of the current specimen, obscuring and/or damaging taxonomically informative details of the preserved dentition. However, high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography revealed diagnostic portions of the unerupted crown of an upper canine within its alveolus. The serrated edges of the canine combined with the position of the incisors demonstrate that the specimen from McFaddin Beach represents a species of Homotherium. That specimen is the latest in a larger sample of Homotherium in Texas that spans most of the Pliocene–Pleistocene. This is the first occurrence of Homotherium from the continental shelf of the Gulf Coast. That landscape may have formed a broad subtropical Gulf Coast corridor that facilitated the dispersal of Neotropical taxa along the coast between Texas and Florida. The associated fauna from McFaddin Beach contains Neotropical mammals common to southern Texas and Florida and indicates that Homotherium was a member of the fauna inhabiting the Gulf Coast corridor during the Late Pleistocene.
Robust predictive minmax fault‐tolerant control for multi‐phase batch processes under partial actuator faults and asynchronous switching
Authors: Shi Huiyuan , Jiang Pu , Su Chengli , Li Hui , Li Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn view of the uncertainties, partial actuator faults, asynchronous switching as well as unknown external interference in multi‐phase batch processes, a robust predictive minmax fault‐tolerant control approach is presented. First, considering that a controller and a system state cannot switch synchronously during switching, a match‐and‐mismatch switching model is constructed. Then, an output tracking error is introduced to establish an equivalent extended switching model. In this extended model, the robust control issue is transformed into the minmax optimization issue by establishing the minmax performance index. On this basis, the control laws with control input and interference input are designed. Second, sufficient conditions are given to assure the system separately has asymptotic and exponential stabilities in each phase and batch. By calculating the given sufficient conditions online, the gains of the control laws, and the minimum and maximum operating time under match and mismatch cases are obtained. With the maximum operating time, the controller receives the switching signal beforehand to eliminate the mismatch case of switching. Additionally, a robust criterion is supplied to confirm the system's robustness. Finally, a simulation study of an injection molding process shows that the approach is valid and feasible.
Exponential stability for switched semi‐Markov jump systems with mode‐dependent average dwell time and generally uncertain transition rates
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Longsuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the exponential stability in mean square sense for a class of stochastic switched semi‐Markov jump systems (ssSMJS). In this model, a hierarchical control switched regulation is designed, considering the external stochastic disturbances and generally uncertain transition rates (TRs) of the entire system and making the system more general and practical. By using appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, linear matrix inequality, Jensen inequality, and mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT), sufficient conditions on the exponential stability in mean square sense for ssSMJS are derived. Furthermore, a nonfragile state feedback controller is designed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed criterion.
Reception Baseline Assessment and ‘small acts’ of micro‐resistance
Authors: Roberts‐Holmes Guy , Sousa Diana , Lee Siew Fung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn September 2021, following the global COVID‐19 pandemic, the Department for Education introduced a national standardised digital Reception Baseline Assessment (RBA) for all English 4‐year‐old children. We analyse RBA and its associated Quality Monitoring Visits, as a further intensification of the new public management of early years education to produce ‘school‐ready’ human capital. This paper reports on professionals' and children's responses to RBA by analysing the mixed‐methods data from a nationwide survey of early years professionals (n = 1032) and six in‐depth case study Reception classes with teacher interviews (n = 14) and researcher observations (n = 12). An adult thematic analysis of the responses suggests that some children and their teachers used their agency in creative ‘small acts’ of micro‐resistance. These ‘small acts’ of resistance and refusal are theorised as micro‐political contestations of a policy that is antithetical to early education's socio‐cultural approach. More research is needed to further understand the politics of young children's rights, agency, micro‐resistance and refusal.
BAG3 regulates cilia homeostasis of glioblastoma via its WW domain
Authors: Roth Caterina , Paulini Lara , Hoffmann Marina E. , Mosler Thorsten , Dikic Ivan , Brunschweiger Andreas , Körschgen Hagen , Behl Christian , Linder Benedikt , Kögel Donat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe multidomain protein BAG3 exerts pleiotropic oncogenic functions in many tumor entities including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we compared BAG3 protein–protein interactions in either adherently cultured or stem‐like cultured U251 GBM cells. In line with BAG3's putative role in regulating stem‐like properties, identified interactors in sphere‐cultured cells included different stem cell markers (SOX2, OLIG2, and NES), while interactomes of adherent BAG3‐proficient cells indicated a shift toward involvement of BAG3 in regulation of cilium assembly (ACTR3 and ARL3). Applying a set of BAG3 deletion constructs we could demonstrate that none of the domains except the WW domain are required for suppression of cilia formation by full‐length BAG3 in U251 and U343 cells. In line with the established regulation of the Hippo pathway by this domain, we could show that the WW mutant fails to rescue YAP1 nuclear translocation. BAG3 depletion reduced activation of a YAP1/AURKA signaling pathway and induction of PLK1. Collectively, our findings point to a complex interaction network of BAG3 with several pathways regulating cilia homeostasis, involving processes related to ciliogenesis and cilium degradation.