bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction from copper(II) to copper(I) upon collisional activation of (pyridine)2CuCl+
Authors: Révész Ágnes , Milko Petr , Žabka Jan , Schröder Detlef , Roithová Jana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElectrospray ionization of dilute aqueous solutions of copper(II) chloride‐containing traces of pyridine (py) as well as ammonia permits the generation of the gaseous ions (py)2Cu+ and (py)2CuCl+, of which the latter is a formal copper(II) compound, whereas the former contains copper(I). Collision‐induced dissociation of the mass‐selected ions in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer (IT‐MS) leads to a loss of pyridine from (py)2Cu+, whereas an expulsion of atomic chlorine largely prevails for (py)2CuCl+. Theoretical studies using density functional theory predict a bond dissociation energy (BDE) of BDE[(py)2Cu+ ‐Cl] = 125 kJ mol−1, whereas the pyridine ligand is bound significantly stronger, i.e. BDE[(py)CuCl+ ‐py] = 194 kJ mol−1 and BDE[(py)Cu+ ‐py] = 242 kJ mol−1. The results are discussed with regard to the influence of the solvation on the stability of the CuI/CuII redox couple. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, and antifibrosis of hepatocyte growth factor in rats brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Shang Jingwei , Deguchi Kentaro , Ohta Yasuyuki , Liu Ning , Zhang Xuemei , Tian Fengfeng , Yamashita Toru , Ikeda Yoshio , Matsuura Tohru , Funakoshi Hiroshi , Nakamura Toshikazu , Abe Koji 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are strong neurotrophic factors. However, their potentials in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, and antifibrosis have not been compared. Therefore, we investigated these effects of HGF and GDNF in cerebral ischemia in the rat. Wistar rats were subjected to 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Immediately after reperfusion, HGF or GDNF was given by topical application. BrdU was injected intraperitoneally twice daily 1, 2, and 3 days after tMCAO. On 14 day, we histologically evaluated infarct volume, antiapoptotic effect, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, and antifibrosis. Both HGF and GDNF significantly reduced infarct size and the number of TUNEL‐positive cells, but only HGF significantly increased the number of BrdU‐positive cells in the subventricular zone, and 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine ‐positive cells differentiated into mature neurons on the ischemic side. Enhancement of angiogenesis and synaptogenesis at the ischemic boundary zone was also observed only in HGF‐treated rats. HGF significantly decreased the glial scar formation and scar thickness of the brain pia mater after tMCAO, but GDNF did not. Our study shows that both HGF and GDNF had significant neurotrophic effects, but only HGF can promote the neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptogenesis and inhibit fibrotic change in brains after tMCAO. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A bedside assay to detect streptococcus pneumoniae in children with empyema
Authors: Strachan Roxanne E. , Cornelius Anita , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. , Gulliver Tanya , Martin Andrew , McDonald Tim , Nixon Gillian M. , Roseby Rob , Ranganathan Sarath , Selvadurai Hiran , Smith Greg , Soto‐Martinez Manuel , Suresh Sadasivam , Teoh Laurel , Thapa Kiran , Wainwright Claire E. , Jaffé Adam ,   on behalf of the Australian Research Network in Empyema (ARNiE)
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundEmpyema is a complication of pneumonia, commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.AimsTo validate the utility of an immunochromatographic test for the detection of S. pneumoniae antigen in the pleural fluid of children with empyema.MethodsEmpyema patients had blood and pleural fluid cultured, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the S. pneumoniae autolysin gene, lytA, in pleural fluid. Pleural fluid was tested using the Binax NOW S. pneumoniae antigen detection assay and compared with lytA PCR results and/or culture in blood or pleural fluid.Results
S. pneumoniae was detected by PCR in pleural fluid of 68 of 137 (49.6%) patients, by culture in 11 of 135 (8.1%) pleural specimens and 16 of 120 (13.3%) blood specimens. Pleural fluid Binax NOW testing from 130 patients demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.8% and specificity of 93.5% (positive predictive value of 93.4% and negative predictive value of 84.1%).ConclusionsIn pediatric empyema, high predictive values of pleural fluid Binax NOW S. pneumoniae antigen test suggest that this test may help rationalize antibiotic choice in these patients. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:179–183. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fractured mosaic: Encounters with the everyday amongst refugee and asylum seeker women
Authors: Conlon Deirdre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn his critique of everyday life, Henri Lefebvre called for an understanding of the everyday as a complex, fragmentary and dynamic constellation. Apprehending everyday life in this way complements the calls – from scholars of migration geography in particular – to ground meta‐narratives of globalisation and mobility within the physical locales, material objects and social and spatial practices where the daily lives of migrants actually unfold. This paper takes up these issues by drawing on qualitative interview research conducted over an 11‐month period with asylum seeker and refugee women living in contemporary Irish society. Drawing on some of Lefebvre's ideas the paper examines how the presence and absence of material objects and textures of the everyday train and emplace participants in local contexts while simultaneously linking them in concrete and abstract ways to global transnationality. In this process, the ‘fractured mosaic’ that marks migrants' social, material and cultural everyday lives becomes crystal clear while illustrating the value of Lefebvre's perspectives for apprehending the intricate sociality and materiality of transnational migration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Returning home? Migration to birthplace among migrants after age 55
Authors: Lundholm Emma 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs the large post‐war cohorts reach retirement age, there is a growing potential for later‐life migrants. Not only are these cohorts large in number; they are also healthier and can make plans for a substantially long period to enjoy retirement. Additionally, in Sweden this generation is largely one of urbanization, which means that many have a linkage to the rural areas where they grew up. Attracting this potential of returning retirees is one strategy to counteract population decline: in some rural areas, politicians target returning retirees as potential in‐migrants. Returning to one's origin is one potential motivation for migration later in life, once employment is no longer a restraining factor to a particular place, and it becomes possible to choose a place of residence more freely. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which returning to one's roots is a factor in interregional migration in Sweden in the age group of 55–70 years. Data consist of all persons in Sweden aged 55–70 during the period 2003–2005, including their permanent residence and parish of birth. The results indicate that approximately one out of five migrants in this group who move further than 30 km are return migrants while about ten per cent return to parish. The results further confirm that migration in this age group, particularly return migration, is oriented towards rural areas. People born in the rural areas are also more prone to return at older age compared to those born in urban settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and phase transition of lead‐free (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3‐based ferroelectrics via different Li+ introduction sources
Authors: Lei Na , Zhu Mankang , Wang Longfei , Yang Peng , Hou Yudong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLead‐free 0.85(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3‐0.10(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3‐0.05BaTiO3 (BNKBT) ceramics with Li2CO3 or (Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3 (BLT) added were fabricated by conventional solid oxide route. The XRD analysis indicated that Li2CO3 introduction led to increasing fraction of tetragonal phase while BLT introduction gave a reverse tendency. Meanwhile, the depolarization temperature Td of Li2CO3‐added BNKBT ceramics was clearly enhanced, while that of BLT‐added BNKBT ceramics went down as the added amount increased. The similarity in variation of the phase structure and the Td of BNKBT ceramics revealed the nature of the Li+ introduction source on phase structure in BNKBT ceramics.
Semi‐polar nitride surfaces and heterostructures
Authors: Strittmatter André , Northrup John E. , Johnson Noble M. , Kisin Mikhail V. , Spiberg Philippe , El‐Ghoroury Hussein , Usikov Alexander , Syrkin Alexander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews semi‐polar GaN surfaces, of interest for light emitting devices, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Theoretical results on polarization charges at InGaN/GaN heterointerfaces and In incorporation into InGaN films are presented for polar (0001), semi‐polar (1122) and non‐polar (1100) surfaces. Specific features of semi‐polar InGaN/GaN structures are emphasized which can be beneficial for improving optical and transport properties of quantum‐well‐based light emitting devices. The analysis favours semi‐polar surfaces such as the (1122) surface as growth plane for long‐wavelength light emitters. Therefore, the experimental sections emphasize progress towards long‐wavelength LEDs and lasers by growth of InGaN/AlGaN/GaN(1122) heterostructures on large‐area GaN(1122)/m‐sapphire templates. The current status of such templates as grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy is presented. The implementation of an epitaxial lateral overgrowth method on such templates to improve device performances is demonstrated.
Wild flower harvesting on South Africa's agulhas plain: a mechanism for achieving sustainable local economic development?
Authors: Bek David , Binns Tony , Nel Etienne 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPost‐apartheid South Africa is characterized by considerable spatial and social inequality and high levels of poverty and unemployment, particularly among historically disadvantaged groups. Since 1994, there has been much attention given to fostering local economic development (LED) to promote empowerment, job creation, economic growth and community development, with a primary focus on broad‐based Black Economic Empowerment. However, LED initiatives have achieved mixed success, with many projects foundering after optimism in their early stages. Focusing on South Africa's Western Cape Province, with its species‐rich Cape Floristic Region, this paper examines LED experience in relation to the concept of the ‘biodiversity economy’, which has received considerable attention recently among South African environmental bodies. The paper focuses specifically on operationalizing the biodiversity economy concept through the implementation of a ‘sustainable wild flower harvesting code of practice’ on the Agulhas Plain, where local communities, supported by transnational companies, are harvesting and marketing wild flowers to retailers in South Africa and the UK. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) monitoring the preparation of maleimide‐functionalized surfaces: from Au towards Si (111)
Authors: Sun Guoguang , Hovestädt Marc , Zhang Xin , Hinrichs Karsten , Rosu Dana Maria , Lauermann Iver , Zielke Claudia , Vollmer Antje , Löchel Heike , Ay Bernhard , Holzhütter Hermann‐Georg , Schade Ulrich , Esser Norbert , Volkmer Rudolf , Rappich Jörg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe IR ellipsometric technique was used to identify the surface species and to control the preparation of maleimide‐terminated surfaces. Because of higher s/n ratios for metallic substrates, the protocol was initially developed on Au surfaces, was later successfully transferred to technologically more relevant Si (111) substrates. The functionalized surfaces were achieved by electrochemical deposition of diazonium linker films and following chemical adsorption steps. Complementary XPS was also employed to detect the surface species in the process of preparation. The immobilization of different functional molecules was proven by interpreting the specific vibrational bands in IR spectra and additionally confirmed by XPS experiments. The surface homogeneity was investigated by FT‐IR synchrotron mapping ellipsometry. This work shows that the proposed protocol is an effective pathway to achieve the desired functionalized surfaces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural investigation of high‐transmittance aluminum oxynitride films deposited by ion beam sputtering
Authors: Wang Paul W. , Hsu Jin‐Cherng , Lin Yung‐Hsin , Chen Huang‐Lu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAluminum oxynitride films were deposited by ion beam sputtering technique at room temperature. The optical properties and morphologies of the aluminum oxynitride films were studied and reported previously. It was found that the optical properties are closely related to the O contents in the films. In this study, the structures of the films were investigated by X‐ray diffractometer and XPS. Three oxidation states of N1s in oxynitride films, N+, N2+ and N3+, were clearly deduced from N1s spectra in the amorphous films fabricated under various oxygen partial pressures (PO2). To our knowledge, three oxidation states of N1s have not been simultaneously observed and reported in the aluminum oxynitride films previously. Corresponding bonding variations in Al2p and O1s spectra indicated more oxygen in oxynitride in the film as PO2 increases. Three aluminum oxynitride networks, AlO2N, AlO2.5N and AlO3N were deduced. Optical properties of aluminum oxynitride films resemble those of AlN and Al2O3 films when PO2 is low and high during the deposition. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients of the aluminum oxynitride films can be adjusted by using proper PO2 during the film depositions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium: An objective Bayesian analysis
Authors: Consonni Guido , Moreno El�as , Venturini Sergio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe analyze the general (multiallelic) Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium problem from an objective Bayesian testing standpoint. We argue that for small or moderate sample sizes the answer is rather sensitive to the prior chosen, and this suggests to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the prior. This goal is achieved through the identification of a class of priors specifically designed for this testing problem. In this paper, we consider the class of intrinsic priors under the full model, indexed by a tuning quantity, the training sample size. These priors are objective, satisfy Savage's continuity condition and have proved to behave extremely well for many statistical testing problems. We compute the posterior probability of the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium model for the class of intrinsic priors, assess robustness over the range of plausible answers, as well as stability of the decision in favor of either hypothesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Code Bad Smells: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Zhang Min , Hall Tracy , Baddoo Nathan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFowler et al. identified 22 Code Bad Smells to direct the effective refactoring of code. These are increasingly being taken up by software engineers. However, the empirical basis of using Code Bad Smells to direct refactoring and to address ‘trouble’ in code is not clear, i.e., we do not know whether using Code Bad Smells to target code improvement is effective. This paper aims to identify what is currently known about Code Bad Smells. We have performed a systematic literature review of 319 papers published since Fowler et al. identified Code Bad Smells (2000 to June 2009). We analysed in detail 39 of the most relevant papers. Our findings indicate that Duplicated Code receives most research attention, whereas some Code Bad Smells, e.g., Message Chains, receive little. This suggests that our knowledge of some Code Bad Smells remains insufficient. Our findings also show that very few studies report on the impact of using Code Bad Smells, with most studies instead focused on developing tools and methods to automatically detect Code Bad Smells. This indicates an important gap in the current knowledge of Code Bad Smells. Overall this review suggests that there is little evidence currently available to justify using Code Bad Smells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nestin Is Required for the Proper Self-Renewal of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Park Donghyun , Xiang Andy Peng , Mao Frank Fuxiang , Zhang Li , Di Chun-Guang , Liu Xiao-Mei , Shao Yuan , Ma Bao-Feng , Lee Jae-Hyun , Ha Kwon-Soo , Walton Noah , Lahn Bruce T. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The intermediate filament protein, nestin, is a widely employed marker of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs). Recent in vitro studies have implicated nestin in a number of cellular processes, but there is no data yet on its in vivo function. Here, we report the construction and functional characterization of Nestin knockout mice. We found that these mice show embryonic lethality, with neuroepithelium of the developing neural tube exhibiting significantly fewer NSCs and much higher levels of apoptosis. Consistent with this in vivo observation, NSC cultures derived from knockout embryos show dramatically reduced self-renewal ability that is associated with elevated apoptosis but no overt defects in cell proliferation or differentiation. Unexpectedly, nestin deficiency has no detectable effect on the integrity of the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the knockout of Vimentin, which abolishes nestin's ability to polymerize into intermediate filaments in NSCs, does not lead to any apoptotic phenotype. These data demonstrate that nestin is important for the proper survival and self-renewal of NSCs, and that this function is surprisingly uncoupled from nestin's structural involvement in the cytoskeleton.
Preliminary experience with the combined use of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein and bisphosphonates in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Birke Oliver , Schindeler Aaron , Ramachandran Manoj , Cowell Chris T. , Munns Craig F. , Bellemore Michael , Little David G. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare but serious disorder in children. No single approach has clearly emerged as superior in terms of operative procedure, fixation, optimal time for surgery or adjunctive pharmaceutical intervention. CPT is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a condition featuring deficient bone anabolism and excessive catabolism. We have therefore combined the use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) with bisphosphonates (BP) as an adjunct to surgical intervention. Methods Between 2002 and 2008 we administered BMP-7 (OP-1) at the time of surgery followed by BP (pamidronate or zoledronic acid) in eight Crawford type IV CPT cases in seven patients (six with a confirmed diagnosis of NF1) with a median age of 7 years (range 2 years 11 months to 12 years) at surgery. Results In six of eight cases, this approach led to primary healing after a mean of 5.5 months (range 4–7 months). One of these cases represented 17 months after primary healing of a proximal CPT with a new further distal fracture that required multiple operations to finally unite at 19 months. The two remaining cases ultimately reached union after multiple operations at 14 and 30 months, respectively, but required recent treatment for refractures. Conclusion Based on these clinical data (primary healing in 6/8 cases) and prior pre-clinical findings, we propose that BP therapy may be helpful in preserving the BMP-induced bone formation by inhibiting the osteoclastic bone loss. Key factors to achieve union in CPT include sufficient fixation, meticulous resection of the dysplastic tissue and the establishment of a net anabolic environment for bone healing. Whether our biological concept of balancing the anabolic and catabolic responses with BMP and BP improves healing rates in the complex treatment of NF1 CPT remains uncertain and warrants larger prospective multicentre trials.
A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care
Authors: Levin W. , Campbell D. R. , McGovern K. B. , Gau J. M. , Kosty D. B. , Seeley J. R. , Lewinsohn P. M. 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundThe clinical benefit for depression of an interactive computer-assisted cognitive-behavioral program on CD-ROM, the Wellness Workshop (WW), was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.MethodA total of 191 individuals referred by primary-care physicians were randomly assigned to a control group, where physician-directed treatment as usual (TAU) was provided, or to a treatment group, where TAU was supplemented with the WW CD-ROM, delivered by mail (WW+TAU). Data were collected at baseline, at 6 weeks' post-intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up assessment. Participants were given a strong incentive by a reimbursement of $75 for completion of each assessment. Measures included symptom ratings obtained via structured clinical diagnostic interviews, as well as a battery of self-report questionnaires on symptoms specifically targeted by the intervention.ResultsAnalysis of results demonstrated evidence for skill acquisition for improving dysfunctional thinking and reducing anxiety. Among those who met diagnostic criteria for depression, WW+TAU participants were three times more likely to remit at 6 weeks' post-test than TAU participants.ConclusionsThe evidence supports the conclusion that the WW intervention added benefit to traditional care for depression. No placebo comparison group was included and the WW+TAU participants received slightly more attention (a supportive telephone contact, ⩽5 min from a psychologist 2 weeks after receiving the program). Overall, the findings add support to the accumulating evidence for the potential clinical benefit of computer-assisted behavioral health interventions.
Effects of education, literacy, and dementia on the Clock Drawing Test performance
Authors: KIM HOYOUNG , CHEY JEANYUNG 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Clock Drawing Test (CDT) has been recognized as an effective tool for dementia detection. This study investigated the clock drawing performance of 240 non-demented elderly Korean people with a wide-range of educational levels and 28 patients with mild dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). We examined the effects of demographic factors, including education, and established norms for the elderly population. We found that the educational attainment and literacy status of older people influenced performance on the CDT significantly (p < .001). Furthermore, qualitative error analysis revealed that normal participants with low educational background committed errors similar to errors of the DAT patients. The DAT patients performed significantly worse than the non-demented participants in the CDT Total score (p < .001). However, the CDT has better criterion validity in participants with more than 6 years of education. In conclusion, the CDT performance in older people who are either illiterate or with 6 or less years of education should be interpreted with caution. Conceptual errors in the CDT can be the result of not only dementia but also lack of education. (JINS, 2010, 16, 1138–1146.)