bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing self‐regulated learning in engineering education with lightboard videos as a support tool
Authors: Sola‐Guirado Rafael R. , Comino Francisco , Castro‐Triguero Rafael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor engineering students, a lack of motivation and continuous study are common issues that lie in low academic performance. Active teaching with audio‐visual systems, on the one hand, and self‐regulated learning methodologies, on the other, have shown to have a high potential in these aspects.PurposeAssessing a proposal based on a self‐assessment and integrating it into a traditional teaching process to improve student engagement and performance.Design/MethodWhen once explanation of a thematic block was complete, we set a series of exercises encompassing key concepts for students to solve at home within a limited time. Students then had to upload their solutions to an e‐Learning platform and subsequently received dynamic videos, created using a lightboard studio, showing solutions to the exercises to assess their level of learning through self‐evaluation.ResultsThe activity was highly valued by the students. They were more motivated in their studies than the control group, which is reflected in increased participation in the course and in the number of students who sat for the exams. However, according to the metrics of the videos and their responses to the questionnaires, students did not fully utilise the available resources. This is likely due to the extrinsic motivation facilitated or failure to treat the self‐assessments as exam simulations. This resulted in academic performance that is very similar to that of the control group.ConclusionsThe results obtained demonstrate the usefulness of the teaching proposal for the purpose of this work, although it requires some improvements.
Allosteric Regulation and Inhibition of Coronavirus 3CLpro Revealed by HDX‐MS
Authors: Song Ning , Zheng Wen , Song Bin , Zheng Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoronavirus (CoV) infections have caused contagious and fatal respiratory diseases in humans worldwide. CoV 3‐chymotrypsin‐like proteases (3CLpro or Mpro) play an important role in viral maturation, and maintenance of their dimeric conformation is crucial for viral activity. Therefore, allosterically regulated dimerization of 3CLpro can be employed as a drug development target. Here, we investigated the allosteric regulatory mechanism of 3CLpro dimerization by using hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS) technology. We found that the FLAG tag directly coupled to the N‐finger of 3CLpro significantly increased HDX kinetics at the dimer interface, and 3CLpro transformed from a dimer to a monomer. The 3CLpro mutants of SARS‐CoV‐2, which are monomeric, also exhibited increased deuterium exchange. Binding of the allosteric inhibitor Gastrodenol to most betacoronavirus 3CLpros led to increased allosteric deuterium exchange, resulting in the monomeric conformation of the CoV 3CLpro upon binding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis further indicated the molecular mechanism of action of Gastrodenol on CoV 3CLpro: binding of Gastrodenol to SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro destroyed the hydrogen bond in the dimer interface. These results suggest that Gastrodenol may be a potential broad‐spectrum anti‐betacoronavirus drug.
Development of spray‐dried oat milk powder with improved stability
Authors: Tian Maojun , Wang Aili , Xiao Sha , Yu Wenwen , Tan Chunhua , Zou Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOat milk is a plant‐based milk alternative and rich in various nutrients, however, the liquid product with a shorter shelf life limits its sales and consumption. This study is designed to develop an oat milk powder (OMP) using spray drying and improve the stability of reconstituted OMP by adding stabilizers.FindingsResults revealed that the optimal spray drying temperature was 160°C and the feed rate was 14 mL/min. The developed OMP showed higher bulk density compared to commercial soymilk powder. Furthermore, OMP maintained high contents of nutrients, including total phenol, β‐glucan, and various essential amino acids. The addition of stabilizers in OMP significantly decreased the turbidity and increased the pH stability, thermal stability, and freeze‐thaw stability of reconstituted OMP.ConclusionThe developed OMP product has abundant nutrients as well as stable physiochemical properties. Xanthan gum is the most effective stabilizer in improving the stability of reconstituted OMP across a wide range of pH and temperature.Significance and NoveltyThis study was the first to process oat milk into powder products and compare the effectiveness of different stabilizers in improving its stability. Our results suggest that OMP is a promising plant‐based beverage with stable physiochemical properties.
Anisolymphocytosis: A clue for Richter transformation
Authors: Manabe Masahiro , Inano Naoyuki , Hagiwara Yuuji , Nanno Satoru , Koh Ki‐Ryang 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWhen chronic lymphocytic leukemia progressed to Richter syndrome, the coexistence of small and large lymphocytes was observed as a bone marrow finding. We consider this finding to be a clue for the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome.
Electro‐Oxidation of Alkenes: A Green Approach Towards Functionalized Oxygenates
Authors: Sun Yuxia , Hu Haiyan , Li Yuehui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn chemical industrial process, conversion of alkenes to functional oxygenates plays a key role in bridging between the feedstock and downstream application. Traditionally, the oxidation required highly‐active oxygen sources or molecular oxygen under high temperature and pressure. This poses challenges to the green and safe production of oxygenates. To circumvent the issues of massive consumption of fossil fuel and serious CO2 footprints, approaches of electro‐oxidation are developed under ambient conditions, adopting O2 and H2O as oxygen source. Utilizing electricity from renewable resources and the involved electron transfer, the performance is closely related to the interface characteristics of electrodes and electrolytes. This review presents the progress in catalysts design, electrolytes optimization, cells integration to effectively regulate the microenvironment of the interfaces. Further discussion of the mechanism analysis and potential issues are emphasized, based on the in‐situ characterization techniques, isotopic experiments and quenching tests. We hope this review can provide an outline for green approaches to oxidation of alkenes via electrocatalytic pathways.
High‐Entropy Lanthanide–Organic Framework as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxides and Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Jin Siyang , Fu Yu , Jie Kecheng , Dai Huan , Luo Yun Jie , Ye Liang , Zhou Chaohui , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultimetallic synergistic effects have the potential to improve CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reaction processes, outperforming monometallic MOFs. The results demonstrate superior performance in these processes. To investigate this, we created and characterized a selection of single‐component Ln(III)‐MOFs (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, Dy, Ho) and high‐entropy lanthanide‐organic framework (HE‐LnMOF) using solvent‐thermal conditions. The experiments revealed that HE‐LnMOF exhibited heightened catalytic efficiency in CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reactions compared to single‐component Ln(III) MOFs. Moreover, the HE‐LnMOF displayed significant stability, maintaining their structural integrity after five cycles while sustaining elevated conversion and selectivity rates. The feasible mechanisms of catalytic reactions were also discussed. HE‐LnMOF possess multiple unsaturated metal centers, acting as Lewis acid sites, with oxygen atoms connecting the metal, and hydroxyl groups on the ligand serving as base sites. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing HE‐LnMOF and presents a fresh application of HE‐LnMOF for converting CO2.
Heterocycles–Containing HDAC Inhibitors Active in Cancer: An Overview of the Last Fifteen Years
Authors: Raucci Alessia , Castiello Carola , Mai Antonello , Zwergel Clemens , Valente Sergio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer is one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Despite nowadays are numerous therapeutic treatments to fight tumor progression, it is still challenging to completely overcome it. It is known that Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), epigenetic enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysines on histone's tails, are overexpressed in various types of cancer, and their inhibition represents a valid therapeutic strategy. To date, some HDAC inhibitors have achieved FDA approval. Nevertheless, several other potential drug candidates have been developed. This review aims primarily to be comprehensive of the studies done so far regarding HDAC inhibitors bearing heterocyclic rings since their therapeutic potential is well known and has gained increasing interest in recent years. Hence, inserting heterocyclic moieties in the HDAC‐inhibiting scaffold can be a valuable strategy to provide potent and/or selective compounds. Here, in addition to summarizing the properties of novel heterocyclic HDAC inhibiting compounds, we also provide ideas for developing new, more potent, and selective compounds for treating cancer.
Association between physical activity changes and risk of incident ischemic stroke following cancer diagnosis: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Cho In Young , Jung Jinhyung , Cho Mi Hee , Koo Hye Yeon , Park Yong‐Moon Mark , Cho Be‐Long , Kwon Hyuktae , Park Jin Ho , Han Kyungdo , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysical inactivity is prevalent after cancer treatment, which could increase ischemic stroke risk in cancer survivors. This study investigated the association between physical activity change from pre‐ to post‐diagnosis and ischemic stroke risk among cancer survivors.MethodsUsing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 269,943 cancer survivors (mean [SD] age, 56.3 [12.1] years; 45.7% male) with no history of cardiovascular disease were evaluated based on changes in physical activity from pre‐ to post‐diagnosis. Using the Fine‐Gray model, subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke risk were calculated, considering death as a competing risk.ResultsAfter cancer diagnosis, 62.0% remained inactive, 10.1% remained active, 16.6% became active, and 11.4% became inactive. During a mean (SD) follow‐up of 4.1 (2.0) years, being active both pre‐ and post‐diagnosis was associated with a 15% decreased risk of ischemic stroke (sHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.96), compared with those who remained inactive. Cancer survivors who became active and inactive post‐diagnosis showed a 16% and 11% lower ischemic stroke risk (sHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.93; sHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99), respectively, than those who remained inactive. Analysis by the primary cancer site did not substantially differ from the main findings.ConclusionsPhysical activity is associated with reduced ischemic stroke risk among cancer survivors. The potential benefits of physical activity are not limited to individuals who were physically active before cancer diagnosis, thus preventive strategies against ischemic stroke should emphasize physical activity throughout the cancer journey.
Addressing the Reuse of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Li‐Ion Battery Recycling: Insights into Dissolution Mechanism, Metal Recovery, Regeneration and Decomposition
Authors: Svärd Michael , Ma Chunyan , Forsberg Kerstin , Schiavi Pier Giorgio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered attention in Li‐ion battery (LIB) recycling due to their declared eco‐friendly attributes and adjustable metal dissolution selectivity, offering a promising avenue for recycling processes. However, DESs currently lack competitiveness compared to mineral acids, commonly used in industrial‐scale LIB recycling. Current research primarily focuses on optimizing DES formulation and experimental conditions to maximize metal dissolution yields in standalone leaching experiments. While achieving yields comparable to traditional leaching systems is important, extensive DES reuse is vital for overall recycling feasibility. To achieve this, evaluating the metal dissolution mechanism can assist in estimating DES consumption rates and assessing process makeup stream costs. The selection of appropriate metal recovery and DES regeneration strategies is essential to enable subsequent reuse over multiple cycles. Finally, decomposition of DES components should be avoided throughout the designed recycling process, as by‐products can impact leaching efficiency and compromise the safety and environmental friendliness of DES. In this review, these aspects are emphasized with the aim of directing research efforts away from simply pursuing the maximization of metal dissolution efficiency, towards a broader view focusing on the application of DES beyond the laboratory scale.
A low power 10‐bit 1 MS/s cyclic analog to digital converter for complementary metal oxide semiconductors image sensors with comparator‐based switched‐capacitor technique
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Nie Kaiming , Fang Dongxing , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a power‐optimized column‐parallel cyclic analog to digital converter (ADC) for complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) image sensor readout circuits. The design combines a 2.5‐bit/cycle architecture with a comparator shutdown technique based on the comparator‐based switched‐capacitor (CBSC) circuits, which results in a significant reduction in the operating time of the threshold detection comparator compared with conventional CBSC circuits. This reduction in operating time leads to power savings as the threshold detection comparator can be shut down quickly. The paper also presents a comprehensive analysis of the nonideal factors of CBSC circuits and the coarse and fine conversion allocation scheme. The 10‐bit two‐stage comparator‐based cyclic ADC is designed in a 110 nm 1P4 M CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the effective number of bit (ENOB) is 9.7 bits, with each column consuming 103
W of power. The proposed cyclic ADC has a figure of merit (FOM) of 123 fJ/conv‐step. Compared with conventional structures, the proposed design reduces the power consumption of the ADC by 34.3% while maintaining the same level of performance.
A 3′‐pre‐tRNA‐derived small RNA tRF‐1‐Ser regulated by 25(OH)D promotes proliferation and stemness by inhibiting the function of MBNL1 in breast cancer
Authors: Wan Xinyu , Shi Wenjie , Ma Lingjun , Wang Lexin , Zheng Ran , He Jinzhi , Wang Ye , Li Xuan , Zha Xiaoming , Wang Jue , Xu Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe explored the potential novel anticancer mechanisms of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a vitamin D metabolite with antitumour effects in breast cancer. It is stable in serum and is used to assess vitamin D levels in clinical practice. Transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs are small noncoding RNAs that generate various distinct biological functions, but more research is needed on their role in breast cancer.MethodsSmall RNA microarrays were used to explore the novel regulatory mechanism of 25(OH)D. High‐throughput RNA‐sequencing technology was used to detect transcriptome changes after 25(OH)D treatment and tRF‐1‐Ser knockdown. RNA pull‐down and high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry were used to explore the proteins bound to tRF‐1‐Ser. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were conducted to assess the influence of 25(OH)D and tRF‐1‐Ser on breast cancer. Semi‐quantitative PCR was performed to detect alternative splicing events. Western blot assay and qPCR were used to assess protein and mRNA expression.ResultsThe expression of tRF‐1‐Ser is negatively regulated by 25(OH)D. In our breast cancer (BRCA) clinical samples, we found that the expression of tRF‐1‐Ser was higher in cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues, and was significantly associated with tumour invasion. Moreover, tRF‐1‐Ser inhibits the function of MBNL1 by hindering its nuclear translocation. Functional experiments and transcriptome data revealed that the downregulation of tRF‐1‐Ser plays a vital role in the anticancer effect of 25(OH)D.ConclusionsIn brief, our research revealed a novel anticancer mechanism of 25(OH)D, unveiled the vital function of tRF‐1‐Ser in BRCA progression, and suggested that tRF‐1‐Ser could emerge as a new therapeutic target for BRCA.
Individual identification method using samples associated with doping tests: A comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data
Authors: Akiyama Kentaro , Momobayashi Atsushi , Okano Masato 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoping offenses involve the use or attempted use of any prohibited method or substance as well as substituting samples. Consequently, it has been recommended that short tandem repeat (STR) analysis be used to determine if the doping control samples are from the same athlete. However, it has been recognized that it may be difficult to obtain full STR analysis using negligible amounts of DNA samples. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is characterized by its stability and high cellular copy number. Therefore, mtDNA testing in urine is expected to be used to analyze samples that cannot be analyzed using STR analysis. The objective of this study was to compare mtDNA testing with STR analysis by conducting sensitivity, concordance (whole blood, dried blood spot, and urine), and case‐type studies. In sensitivity studies, mtDNA testing exhibited greater sensitivity compared with STR analysis. Concordance studies indicated that all samples were consistent with the mtDNA sequences and STR profiles. Allelic dropout occurred in some urine samples that were examined for STR analysis. Case‐type sample studies demonstrated that mtDNA testing could be used to obtain DNA profiles of all the samples tested, including blood, dried blood spots, urine, blood residues on needles, and blood stains. In conclusion, mtDNA testing is valuable for analyzing highly degraded DNA samples, such as urine samples, compared with STR analysis. Urine testing should be performed for the initial testing procedure, because mtDNA is inherited maternally. In situations where the DNA match is detrimental to the athlete, additional blood STR analysis may be required.
Vascular syndrome predicts the development and course of epilepsy after perinatal stroke
Authors: Vaher Ulvi , Ilves Norman , Ilves Nigul , Laugesaar Rael , Männamaa Mairi , Loorits Dagmar , Kool Pille , Ilves Pilvi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy develops in one third of the patients after perinatal stroke. It is still unclear which vascular syndrome of ischemic stroke carries higher risk of epilepsy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk of epilepsy according to the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke.MethodsThe study included 39 children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (13 with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion and three with lenticulostriate arteria infarction), and 44 children with presumed perinatal venous infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained at the chronic stage was used to evaluate the vascular syndrome of stroke.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 15.1 years (95% CI: 12.4–16.5 years), epilepsy developed in 19/83 (22.9%) patients. The cumulative probability to be without epilepsy at 15 years was 75.4% (95% CI: 65.8–86.4). The probability of having epilepsy was higher in the group of proximal or distal M1 artery occlusion compared to patients with periventricular venous infarction (HR 7.2, 95% CI: 2.5–26, p = .0007). Patients with periventricular venous infarction had significantly more often status epilepticus or spike–wave activation in sleep ≥85% of it compared to patients with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (OR = 81; 95% CI: 1.3–5046, p = .029).SignificanceThe emphasis of this study is placed on classifying the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke and on the targeted follow‐up of patients for epilepsy until young adulthood. The risk for having epilepsy after perinatal stroke is the highest in children with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion. Patients with periventricular venous infarction have a more severe course of epilepsy.
Evaluation of the ultrasound findings of thyroid gland enlargement in Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Edzie Emmanuel Kobina Mesi , Dzefi‐Tettey Klenam , Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye , Nimo Obed , Appiah‐Thompson Peter , Amedi Michael Kofi , Bockarie Ansumana , Quarshie Frank , Onimole Emmanuel , Akorli Emmanuel , Anthony Richard , Edzie Richard Ato , Amankwa Nana Ama , Amartey Aaron , Osei Bernard , Oppong Bright , Asemah Abdul Raman , Gorleku Philip Narteh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimGoiter is a major source of morbidity in the world, especially in the developing world, where dietary iodine deficiency, a known cause of this condition, is endemic. The diagnosis is mostly by ultrasonography (USG) scan, which can give anatomical, pathological, and functional information for the management of goiter. This study aimed to determine the commonest ultrasound findings of goiter in Ghana.MethodThe records of all 213 patients with goiter diagnosed by USG scan over a 5‐year period were retrieved. Data collected were sociodemographics, ultrasound features, thyroid nodules diameter, and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) scores, which were analyzed using GNU PSPP, version 1.2.0‐3. χ2 and two‐tailed independent samples t‐test were also employed, with p ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 213 patients with goiter diagnosed by USG scan were obtained over the study period. The mean age of the participants was 50.01 ± 17.27 years, with an age range of 16−92 years and females constituting the majority (82.16%). The commonest ultrasound features were well‐defined solid nodules. The lesion sites for most patients were the whole thyroid (28.17%), both lobes (24.41%), and the right lobe (20.19%). The mean difference in sizes of cysts and solid nodules among genders was 0.26 (CI: −0.14 to 0.67, p = 0.20) and 0.12 (CI: −0.43 to 0.66, p = 0.67), respectively. The TI‐RADS score featured TI‐RADS 4 (36.62%), TI‐RADS 1 (28.17%), TI‐RADS 3 (25.82%), TI‐RADS 5 (5.16%), and TI‐RADS 2 (4.23%). Solid nodules (49.32%, p = 0.001) and cysts (35.71%, p = 0.003) were more common within 41−60 years and less frequent in those <21 years. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant in this study.ConclusionThe predominant ultrasound features were well‐defined solid nodules, simple cysts, and solid nodules with cystic changes, mostly located in the entire thyroid gland and least located in the isthmus only. Cysts and solid nodules were mostly seen in the 41−60 years age group.