bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemophilus haemolyticus Isolates Causing Clinical Disease
Authors: Anderson Raydel , Wang Xin , Briere Elizabeth C. , Katz Lee S. , Cohn Amanda C. , Clark Thomas A. , Messonnier Nancy E. , Mayer Leonard W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

We report seven cases of
Haemophilus haemolyticus
invasive disease detected in the United States, which were previously misidentified as nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
. All cases had different symptoms and presentations. Our study suggests that a testing scheme that includes reliable PCR assays and standard microbiological methods should be used in order to improve
H. haemolyticus
identification.
Infectious Clones of Novel Lineage 1 and Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Strains WNV-TX02 and WNV-Madagascar
Authors: Suthar Mehul S. , Brassil Margaret M. , Blahnik Gabriele , Gale Michael 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
We report the generation of West Nile virus (WNV) infectious clones for the pathogenic lineage 1 Texas-HC2002 and nonpathogenic lineage 2 Madagascar-AnMg798 strains. The infectious clones exhibited biological properties similar to those of the parental virus isolates. We generated chimeric viruses and found that viral factors within the structural and nonstructural regions of WNV-TX contribute to the control of type I interferon defenses. These infectious clones provide new reagents to study flavivirus immune regulation and pathogenesis.
An Endogenous Foamy Virus in the Aye-Aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis)
Authors: Han Guan-Zhu , Worobey Michael 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the discovery and analysis of an endogenous foamy virus (PSFVaye) within the genome of the aye-aye (
Daubentonia madagascariensis
), a strepsirrhine primate from Madagascar. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that PSFVaye is divergent from all known simian foamy viruses, suggesting an association between foamy viruses and primates since the haplorrhine-strepsirrhine split. The discovery of PSFVaye indicates that primate foamy virus might be more broadly distributed than previously thought.
The Development of CD4 Binding Site Antibodies during HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Lynch Rebecca M. , Tran Lillian , Louder Mark K. , Schmidt Stephen D. , Cohen Myron ,   CHAVI 001 Clinical Team Members, DerSimonian Rebecca , Euler Zelda , Gray Elin S. , Abdool Karim Salim , Kirchherr Jennifer , Montefiori David C. , Sibeko Sengeziwe , Soderberg Kelly , Tomaras Georgia , Yang Zhi-Yong , Nabel Gary J. , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Morris Lynn , Haynes Barton F. , Mascola John R. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120 are generated by some HIV-1-infected individuals, but little is known about the prevalence and evolution of this antibody response during the course of HIV-1 infection. We analyzed the sera of 113 HIV-1 seroconverters from three cohorts for binding to a panel of gp120 core proteins and their corresponding CD4bs knockout mutants. Among sera collected between 99 and 258 weeks post-HIV-1 infection, 88% contained antibodies to the CD4bs and 47% contained antibodies to resurfaced stabilized core (RSC) probes that react preferentially with broadly neutralizing CD4bs antibodies (BNCD4), such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) VRC01 and VRC-CH31. Analysis of longitudinal serum samples from a subset of 18 subjects revealed that CD4bs antibodies to gp120 arose within the first 4 to 16 weeks of infection, while the development of RSC-reactive antibodies was more varied, occurring between 10 and 152 weeks post-HIV-1 infection. Despite the presence of these antibodies, serum neutralization mediated by RSC-reactive antibodies was detected in sera from only a few donors infected for more than 3 years. Thus, CD4bs antibodies that bind a VRC01-like epitope are often induced during HIV-1 infection, but the level and potency required to mediate serum neutralization may take years to develop. An improved understanding of the immunological factors associated with the development and maturation of neutralizing CD4bs antibodies during HIV-1 infection may provide insights into the requirements for eliciting this response by vaccination.
Colonial History and Contemporary Transmission Shape the Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 in Amsterdam
Authors: Markov Peter V. , van de Laar Thijs J. , Thomas Xiomara V. , Aronson Sem J. , Weegink Christine J. , van den Berk Guido E. , Prins Maria , Pybus Oliver G. , Schinkel Janke 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Evolutionary analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome sequences has provided insights into the epidemic history and transmission of this widespread human pathogen. Here we report an exceptionally diverse set of 178 HCV genotype 2 (HCV-2) isolates from 189 patients in Amsterdam, comprising 8 distinct HCV subtypes and 10 previously not recognized, unclassified lineages. By combining study subjects' demographic information with phylogeographic and molecular clock analyses, we demonstrate for the first time that the trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonial history were the driving forces behind the global dissemination of HCV-2. We detect multiple HCV-2 movements from present-day Ghana/Benin to the Caribbean during the peak years of the slave trade (1700 to 1850) and extensive transfer of HCV-2 among the Netherlands and its former colonies Indonesia and Surinam over the last 150 years. The latter coincides with the bidirectional migration of Javanese workers between Indonesia and Surinam and subsequent immigration to the Netherlands. In addition, our study sheds light on contemporary trends in HCV transmission within the Netherlands. We observe multiple lineages of the epidemic subtypes 2a, 2b, and 2c (together 67% of HCV-2 infections in Amsterdam), which cluster according to their suspected routes of transmission, specifically, injecting drug use (IDU) and contaminated blood/blood products. Understanding the epidemiological processes that generated the global pattern of HCV diversity seen today is critical for exposing associations between populations, risk factors, and specific HCV subtypes and might help HCV screening and prevention campaigns to minimize the future burden of HCV-related liver disease.
Can patients report patient safety incidents in a hospital setting? A systematic review
Authors: Ward Jane K , Armitage Gerry 
Published: May 2012

IntroductionPatients are increasingly being thought of as central to patient safety. A small but growing body of work suggests that patients may have a role in reporting patient safety problems within a hospital setting. This review considers this disparate body of work, aiming to establish a collective view on hospital-based patient reporting.Study objectivesThis review asks: (a) What can patients report? (b) In what settings can they report? (c) At what times have patients been asked to report? (d) How have patients been asked to report?Method5 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, (Kings Fund) HMIC and PsycINFO) were searched for published literature on patient reporting of patient safety ‘problems’ (a number of search terms were utilised) within a hospital setting. In addition, reference lists of all included papers were checked for relevant literature.Results13 papers were included within this review. All included papers were quality assessed using a framework for comparing both qualitative and quantitative designs, and reviewed in line with the study objectives.DiscussionPatients are clearly in a position to report on patient safety, but included papers varied considerably in focus, design and analysis, with all papers lacking a theoretical underpinning. In all papers, reports were actively solicited from patients, with no evidence currently supporting spontaneous reporting. The impact of timing upon accuracy of information has yet to be established, and many vulnerable patients are not currently being included in patient reporting studies, potentially introducing bias and underestimating the scale of patient reporting. The future of patient reporting may well be as part of an ‘error detection jigsaw’ used alongside other methods as part of a quality improvement toolkit.
Error disclosure: a new domain for safety culture assessment
Authors: Etchegaray Jason M , Gallagher Thomas H , Bell Sigall K , Dunlap Ben , Thomas Eric J 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo (1) develop and test survey items that measure error disclosure culture, (2) examine relationships among error disclosure culture, teamwork culture and safety culture and (3) establish predictive validity for survey items measuring error disclosure culture.MethodAll clinical faculty from six health institutions (four medical schools, one cancer centre and one health science centre) in The University of Texas System were invited to anonymously complete an electronic survey containing questions about safety culture and error disclosure.ResultsThe authors found two factors to measure error disclosure culture: one factor is focused on the general culture of error disclosure and the second factor is focused on trust. Both error disclosure culture factors were unique from safety culture and teamwork culture (correlations were less than r=0.85). Also, error disclosure general culture and error disclosure trust culture predicted intent to disclose a hypothetical error to a patient (r=0.25, p<0.001 and r=0.16, p<0.001, respectively) while teamwork and safety culture did not predict such an intent (r=0.09, p=NS and r=0.12, p=NS). Those who received prior error disclosure training reported significantly higher levels of error disclosure general culture (t=3.7, p<0.05) and error disclosure trust culture (t=2.9, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe authors created and validated a new measure of error disclosure culture that predicts intent to disclose an error better than other measures of healthcare culture. This measure fills an existing gap in organisational assessments by assessing transparent communication after medical error, an important aspect of culture.
Gender differences in trauma mechanisms, and outcomes in a rural hospital which is not designed as trauma centre
Authors: Kahramansoy Nurettin , Gürbüz Necla , Kurt Feyzi , Erkol Hayri , Boztaş Güledal 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate how trauma characteristics and outcomes differ between genders in a rural hospital.MethodsRecords of trauma patients admitted to a state emergency department (ED) in eastern Turkey, between January 2006 and December 2007 were reviewed and data were analysed based on gender.ResultsIn total, 5379 (87.0%) men and 806 (13.0%) women, totalling 6185 patients, were assessed. Mean age was 26.5 (1 month – 80 years) years for men and 24.7 (2 month – 81 years) years for women. Men comprised 90.2%, 81.3% and 77.3% of the patients injured by assault, motor vehicle incidents and falls, respectively. Women comprised a significantly larger share of suicide attempts (70.8%) than men. Of the men injured, 90.6% were discharged after treatment in the ED. The per cent of hospitalised women (5.8%) was increased compared with the per cent of hospitalised men (p=0.011). There was a higher frequency of transfer among women (8.6%) when compared with men (p<0.001). Women had a mortality frequency of 1.2%, which was similar to the mortality per cent calculated for men.ConclusionsMen were at an increased risk for trauma, especially assault. The percentage of women injured and admitted to the ED due to assault was low compared with statistics reported in the literature. However, assault is the most common cause of trauma among women. The high per cent of hospitalisation and transfer among women may indicate that women are exposed to more severe trauma, and therefore experience increased morbidity compared with men.
Predictors of lower work ability among emergency medicine employees: the Croatian experience
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Madzarac Goran , Milosevic Milan , Mustajbegovic Jadranka , Keleuva Slobodanka 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundWorldwide research has indicated that emergency medicine employees and particularly ambulance personnel have symptoms related to traumatic events, and experience more chronic stressors in their work than workers in other health service settings. Unlike other countries which conducted similar studies, no specialty branch in emergency medicine exists in Croatia.Study objectivesTo identify possible predictors of low work ability, including occupational stress and quality of life, among emergency medicine employees.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2010 till July 2010 in the Institute of Emergency Medicine in the City of Zagreb. Questionnaires were distributed to all employees with gathered total sample of 125 subjects (39 physicians, 38 medical nurses /technicians and 48 drivers). Data were collected using the socio-demographic questions, occupational stress assessment, work ability index (WAI) and WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires.ResultsEmergency physicians were significantly more exposed to public criticism (p=0.008) but drivers had more exposure to hazards at workplace (p=0.001) regarding other employee groups. Binary logistic regression model showed two significant predictors of lower work ability (WAI score <37): lower physical WHO-BREF domain (OR=0.78; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.89; p<0.001) and the professional and intellectual demands (OR=1.09; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.19; p=0.043).ConclusionStrenuous physical activity should be reduced in order to increase the overall work ability of the emergency medicine employees and better structural organisation and introduction of a residency in emergency medicine should significantly improve total work ability among emergency physicians.
In-hospital outcomes associated with stent-assisted endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the USA
Authors: McDonald Jennifer S , Norgan Andrew P , McDonald Robert J , Lanzino Giuseppe , Kallmes David F , Cloft Harry J 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAdjunctive stenting has increasingly become an acceptable option for the endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to compare US in-hospital outcomes related to coiling with and without adjunctive stenting for unruptured aneurysms.MethodsHospitalizations for coiling of unruptured cerebral aneurysms from 2004 to 2008 were identified in the NIS by extracting ICD-9-CM codes for the diagnosis of unruptured aneurysm (437.3) and intracranial stenting (00.65) with coiling (39.52, 39.79 or 39.72) of cerebral aneurysms. All patients with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (430) and/or intracerebral hemorrhage (431) were excluded. Mortality and discharge to a long-term facility were compared between stent and non-stent patient groups using multivariate regression analysis.ResultsPatients treated with stent-assisted coiling had an in-hospital mortality rate of 0.08–0.8% compared with a death rate of 0.5% (95% CI 0.3% to 0.7%) for patients who did not receive a stent during coiling (p=0.36). Patients in the stent group had a 3% rate of discharge to a care facility (95% CI 1.5% to 5.8%) compared with 5% (95% CI 4.5% to 5.6%) for those in the non-stent group (p=0.14). Patients treated with a stent had a similar likelihood of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 2.12 (95% CI 0.32 to 7.11), p=0.34) and a lower likelihood of discharge to a long-term care facility (adjusted OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.16), p=0.16) compared with the non-stent group.ConclusionsAdjunctive stenting adds little in-hospital risk to the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. However, the need for dual antiplatelet therapy may predispose to delayed hemorrhagic complications and discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy may lead to delayed thromboembolic complications.
HIV intertest interval among MSM in King County, Washington
Authors: Katz David A , Dombrowski Julia C , Swanson Fred , Buskin Susan E , Golden Matthew R , Stekler Joanne D 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThe authors examined temporal trends and correlates of HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men (MSM) in King County, Washington.MethodsThe authors evaluated data from MSM testing for HIV at the Public Health—Seattle & King County (PHSKC) STD Clinic and Gay City Health Project (GCHP) and testing history data from MSM in PHSKC HIV surveillance. The intertest interval (ITI) was defined as the number of days between the last negative HIV test and the current testing visit or first positive test. Correlates of the log10-transformed ITI were determined using generalised estimating equations linear regression.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2010, the median ITI among MSM seeking HIV testing at the STD Clinic and GCHP were 215 (IQR: 124–409) and 257 (IQR: 148–503) days, respectively. In multivariate analyses, younger age, having only male partners and reporting ≥10 male sex partners in the last year were associated with shorter ITIs at both testing sites (p<0.05). Among GCHP attendees, having a regular healthcare provider, seeking a test as part of a regular schedule and inhaled nitrite use in the last year were also associated with shorter ITIs (p<0.001). Compared with MSM testing HIV negative, MSM newly diagnosed with HIV had longer ITIs at the STD Clinic (median of 278 vs 213 days, p=0.01) and GCHP (median 359 vs 255 days, p=0.02).ConclusionsAlthough MSM in King County appear to be testing at frequent intervals, further efforts are needed to reduce the time that HIV-infected persons are unaware of their status.
Acquired Resistance to Tamoxifen Is Associated with Loss of the Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor: Implications for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fagan Dedra H. , Uselman Ryan R. , Sachdev Deepali , Yee Douglas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in breast cancer is well defined, and inhibitors of this pathway are currently in clinical trials. The majority of anti-IGF1R clinical trials are in estrogen receptor–positive patients who have progressed on prior endocrine therapy; early reports show no benefit for addition of IGF1R inhibitors to endocrine therapy in this setting. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of IGF1R inhibitors in vitro by generating tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) cells. We found that TamR cells had diminished levels of IGF1R with unchanged levels of insulin receptor (IR), and failed to respond to IGF-I–induced Akt activation, proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth while retaining responsiveness to both insulin and IGF-II. The IGF1R antibody dalotuzumab inhibited IGF-I–mediated Akt phosphorylation, proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth in parental cells, but had no effect on TamR cells. An IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AEW541, with equal potency for the IGF1R and IR, inhibited IGF-I-, IGF-II-, and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth in parental cells. Interestingly, AEW541 also inhibited insulin- and IGF-II–stimulated effects in TamR cells. Tamoxifen-treated xenografts also had reduced levels of IGF1R, and dalotuzumab did not enhance the effect of tamoxifen. We conclude that cells selected for tamoxifen resistance in vitro have downregulated IGF1R making antibodies directed against this receptor ineffective. Inhibition of IR may be necessary to manage tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3372–80. ©2012 AACR.
Integrative Array-Based Approach Identifies MZB1 as a Frequently Methylated Putative Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Matsumura Satoshi , Imoto Issei , Kozaki Ken-ichi , Matsui Takeshi , Muramatsu Tomoki , Furuta Mayuko , Tanaka Shinji , Sakamoto Michiie , Arii Shigeki , Inazawa Johji 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was the identification of novel tumor suppressor genes (TSG) silenced by DNA hypermethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Experimental Design: We conducted integrative array-based approach for genome-wide screening of methylation targets using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-CpG island microarray and expression array in three universal hepatoma cell lines and normal liver tissue. Through detailed expression and functional analyses using hepatoma cell lines and primary HCC samples, we isolated novel TSGs for HCC.
Results: A total of 642 genes were identified as methylated in three hepatoma cell lines but unmethylated in normal liver tissue, whereas 204 genes on autosomes were identified as genes unexpressed but restored after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in these cell lines and expressed in normal tissue. Through the integration of results of the two-array analyses and further validation analyses of expression and methylation status in 17 cell lines and 30 primary tumors of hepatoma, we identified MZB1, marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein, encoding an endoplasmic reticulum protein, as a putative TSG frequently methylated within its CpG island in hepatoma. Among 162 patients with primary HCC, silencing of MZB1 protein was significantly and independently associated with a worse outcome. Restoration of MZB1 expression in hepatoma cells reduced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through G1-arrest.
Conclusions: These results suggest that methylation-mediated silencing of MZB1 expression leads to loss of its tumor-suppressive activity, which may be a factor in the hepatocarcinogenesis, and is a useful prognosticator in HCC. Clin Cancer Res; 18(13); 3541–51. ©2012 AACR.
Increased miR-708 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with Poor Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma from Never Smokers
Authors: Jang Jin Sung , Jeon Hyo-Sung , Sun Zhifu , Aubry Marie Christine , Tang Hui , Park Cheol-Hong , Rakhshan Fariborz , Schultz Debra A. , Kolbert Christopher P. , Lupu Ruth , Park Jae Yong , Harris Curtis C. , Yang Ping , Jen Jin 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Purpose: miRNA plays an important role in human disease and cancer. We seek to investigate the expression status, clinical relevance, and functional role of miRNA in non–small cell lung cancer.
Experimental Design: We conducted miRNA expression profiling in matched lung adenocarcinoma and uninvolved lung using 56 pairs of fresh-frozen (FF) and 47 pairs of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from never smokers. The most differentially expressed miRNA genes were evaluated by Cox analysis and log-rank test. Among the best candidate, miR-708 was further examined for differential expression in two independent cohorts. Functional significance of miR-708 expression in lung cancer was examined by identifying its candidate mRNA target and through manipulating its expression levels in cultured cells.
Results: Among the 20 miRNAs most differentially expressed between tested tumor and normal samples, high expression level of miR-708 in the tumors was most strongly associated with an increased risk of death after adjustments for all clinically significant factors including age, sex, and tumor stage (FF cohort: HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.08–3.35; P = 0.025 and FFPE cohort: HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.02–3.63; P = 0.042). The transcript for TMEM88 gene has a miR-708 binding site in its 3′ UTR and was significantly reduced in tumors high of miR-708. Forced miR-708 expression reduced TMEM88 transcript levels and increased the rate of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in culture.
Conclusions: miRNA-708 acts as an oncogene contributing to tumor growth and disease progression by directly downregulating TMEM88, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(13); 3658–67. ©2012 AACR.