bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inertial regime of drop impact on an anisotropic porous substrate
Authors: Ding H. , Theofanous T. G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAxisymmetric droplet impact on a hydrophilic substrate with one pore of relatively large radius is numerically studied using diffuse-interface methods. The flows above the substrate and in the capillary are fully resolved by a Navier–Stokes solver that accounts for contact-angle hysteresis. Upon impact, the infiltration of the drop into the capillary is seen to follow one or more of the three regimes identified in recent experiments (Delbos, Lorenceau & Pitois, J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 341, 2010, p. 171): complete penetration, partial penetration as a slug, and re-entry with bubble entrapment. The agreement on experimentally measured quantities, such as transition criteria and slug lengths, is quantitative. On this basis we reveal previously unidentified flow phenomena, investigate flow details that are not accessible experimentally, expand the parameter space considered previously, identify the key asymptotic regimes in the penetration transient, generalize the results in terms of relevant dimensionless groups, and provide a further step (using a multi-capillary arrangement as an idealization of a porous substrate) towards the ultimate purpose of such work, which is the understanding of inertial effects with porous substrates, including eccentric impacts. The significant effect of impact inertia is revealed as a spatial anchoring of a stagnation region, formed and persisting for most of the transient. As a consequence, fluid within an upright cylinder is destined to enter the capillary, and this is in agreement with the hypothesis of Delbos et al. in interpreting the amounts of liquid found inside the capillary, except that the radius of the cylinder is 30 % greater than the capillary radius. The remainder of the liquid spreads laterally on the substrate surface, and the slug regime is a consequence of this partition. Numerical experiments also indicate that after reaching the maximum-spread area, the lamella on the substrate tends to refill the capillary and entrap a bubble, unless contact-angle hysteresis hinders the radially inward motion of the lamella.
The origin of hysteresis in the flag instability
Authors: Eloy Christophe , Kofman Nicolas , Schouveiler Lionel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe flapping flag instability occurs when a flexible cantilevered plate is immersed in a uniform airflow. To this day, the nonlinear aspects of this aeroelastic instability are largely unknown. In particular, experiments in the literature all report a large hysteresis loop, while the bifurcation in numerical simulations is either supercritical or subcritical with a small hysteresis loop. In this paper, the discrepancy is addressed. First, weakly nonlinear stability analyses are conducted in the slender-body and two-dimensional limits, and, second, new experiments are performed with flat and curved plates. The discrepancy is attributed to inevitable planeity defects of the plates in the experiments.
ON PROPERTIES OF FINITE-ORDER MEROMORPHIC SOLUTIONS OF A CERTAIN DIFFERENCE PAINLEVÉ I EQUATION
Authors: CHEN MEI-RU , CHEN ZONG-XUAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate properties of finite-order transcendental meromorphic solutions, rational solutions and polynomial solutions of the difference Painlevé I equation where a, b and c are constants, ∣a∣+∣b∣≠0.
Butterfly behavioural responses to natural Bornean tropical rain-forest canopy gaps
Authors: Pryke James S. , Vrdoljak Sven M. , Grant Paul B. C. , Samways Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract:Natural tree canopy gaps allow sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor, a major environmental component and resource for many tropical rain-forest species. We compare here how butterflies use sunny areas created by the natural gaps in canopies in comparison with adjacent closed-canopy areas. We chose butterflies as our focal organisms as they are taxonomically tractable and mobile, yet habitat sensitive. Previous studies have shown that butterfly diversity in tropical forests responds to varying degrees of canopy openness. Here we assess butterfly behavioural responses to gaps and equivalent sized closed-canopy patches. Butterfly occupancy time and behaviour were simultaneously observed 61 times in gaps and 61 times in equivalent sized closed-canopy patches across four sites in a tropical rain forest in northern Borneo. Out of the 20 most frequently recorded species, 12 were more frequently recorded or spent more time in gaps, four occurred more frequently in closed-canopy areas, and four showed no significant differences. Overall agonistic, basking, patrolling and resting were more common in gaps compared with the closed canopy. Many butterfly species have complex behavioural requirements for both gaps and closed canopies, with some species using these different areas for different behaviours. Each butterfly species had particular habitat requirements, and needed both canopy gaps and closed canopy areas for ecological and behavioural reasons, emphasizing the need for natural light heterogeneity within these systems.
Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in adults requiring hospitalization in The Netherlands
Authors: FRIESEMA I. H. M. , DE BOER R. F. , DUIZER E. , KORTBEEK L. M. , NOTERMANS D. W. , SMEULDERS A. , BOGERMAN J. , PRONK M. J. H. , UIL J. J. , BRINKMAN K. , KOOPMANS M. P. G. , KOOISTRA-SMID A. M. D. , VAN DUYNHOVEN Y. T. H. P. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYInfectious gastroenteritis causes a considerable burden of disease worldwide. Effective control should be targeted at diseases with the highest burden and costs. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the relative importance of the different microorganisms is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and aetiology of gastroenteritis in adults requiring hospital admission in The Netherlands. Five hospitals enrolled patients admitted with gastroenteritis for about 1 year during the period May 2008 to November 2009. Participants completed questionnaires and provided a faecal sample. The hospital completed a clinical questionnaire. In total, 44 adults hospitalized for gastroenteritis were included in the study. The cases had serious symptoms, with 31% subsequently developing kidney failure. One or more pathogens were found in 59% of cases. Overall, rotavirus (22%) was the most common infection. Co-infections were observed relatively often (22%). This study emphasizes that rotavirus can also cause serious illness in adults.
An exploratory factor analysis of nutritional biomarkers associated with major depression in pregnancy
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M , Wisner Katherine L , Luther James F , Powers Robert W , Evans Rhobert W , Gallaher Marcia J , Newby PK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Maternal nutritional status may be a modifiable risk factor for antenatal depression. We evaluated the association between patterns in mid-pregnancy nutritional biomarkers and MDD.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.SubjectsWomen who enrolled at ≤20 weeks’ gestation and had a diagnosis of MDD made with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) at 20-, 30- and 36-week study visits. A total of 135 women contributed 345 person-visits. Non-fasting blood drawn at enrolment was assayed for red cell essential fatty acids, plasma folate, homocysteine and ascorbic acid; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol, vitamin E, carotenoids, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptors. Nutritional biomarkers were entered into principal components analysis.ResultsThree factors emerged: Factor 1, Essential Fatty Acids; Factor 2, Micronutrients; and Factor 3, Carotenoids. MDD was prevalent in 21·5 % of women. In longitudinal multivariable logistic models, there was no association between the Essential Fatty Acids or Micronutrients pattern and MDD either before or after adjustment for employment, education or pre-pregnancy BMI. In unadjusted analysis, women with factor scores for Carotenoids in the middle and upper tertiles were 60 % less likely than women in the bottom tertile to have MDD during pregnancy, but after adjustment for confounders the associations were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsWhile meaningful patterns were derived using nutritional biomarkers, significant associations with MDD were not observed in multivariable adjusted analyses. Larger, more diverse samples are needed to understand nutrition–depression relationships during pregnancy.
From Black and White to Colour; Educating and Engaging the Screen Addicts of 2011
Authors: Allbon Emily 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article, by Emily Allbon, is based on a presentation given at the BIALL Conference in 2011. She explores the depth of student engagement with online resources and how to handle the information-complacent law student. She discusses the development Learnmore, Lawbore's legal skills wiki, and concludes with thoughts over future development of this resource.
SharePoint and the Naked Law Librarian: How we can Harness our Core Skills to Promote Collaboration and Maximise the Return on Document Management Projects
Authors: Fishleigh Jackie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article is based on the parallel session given by Jackie Fishleigh at the BIALL Conference in 2011 which looked at how Legal Information Professionals can get involved and contribute their skills to collaborative projects using SharePoint.
No-Cost and Low-Cost U.S. Legal Research
Authors: Shea Alison 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhen faced with a U.S. legal research question, what options does the non-U.S. based researcher have, short of purchasing a subscription to one of the fee-based databases or visiting a major research library? This article will briefly discuss a number of no-cost and low-cost resources in the context of the process required to perform U.S. legal research and will also provide explanations of the different types of primary sources that a legal researcher might encounter.
SAGE: preliminary evaluation of an instrument for observing competence in CBT supervision
Authors: Milne Derek L. , Reiser Robert P. , Cliffe Tom , Raine Rosamund 
Published: December 2011

AbstractClinical supervision plays a recognized role in facilitating practitioner development and in promoting therapeutic fidelity, but instruments that can support such activities by measuring competence in supervision are rare and often psychometrically compromised. As part of a research programme intended to raise the empirical status of supervision, we describe the initial psychometric development of a new instrument for observing competence (Supervision: Adherence and Guidance Evaluation; SAGE). This instrument is suitable for measuring CBT supervision, and can be administered by self-rating or by an independent observer. Preliminary tests of the reliability and validity of SAGE suggest that it is a promising tool for evaluating supervision. In addition, SAGE can be applied readily and has good utility. In these respects, SAGE appears to have some advantages over existing instruments, and may therefore provide a basis for enhancing research and practice in CBT supervision. Suggestions for future research on SAGE are outlined, particularly the need for a generalizability analysis.
CO AND H2 ABSORPTION IN THE AA TAURI CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK*
Authors: France Kevin , Burgh Eric B. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Schindhelm Rebecca N. , Yang Hao , Abgrall Hervé , Roueff Evelyne , Brown Alexander , Brown Joanna M. , Linsky Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The direct study of molecular gas in inner protoplanetary disks is complicated by uncertainties in the spatial distribution of the gas, the time variability of the source, and the comparison of observations across a wide range of wavelengths. Some of these challenges can be mitigated with far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. Using new observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, we measure column densities and rovibrational temperatures for CO and H2 observed on the line of sight through the AA Tauri circumstellar disk. CO A – X absorption bands are observed against the far-UV continuum. The CO absorption is characterized by log10(N(12CO)) = 17.5 ± 0.5 cm−2 and T
rot(CO) = 500+500
−200 K, although this rotational temperature may underestimate the local kinetic temperature of the CO-bearing gas. We also detect 13CO in absorption with an isotopic ratio of ∼20. We do not observe H2 absorption against the continuum; however, hot H2 (v > 0) is detected in absorption against the Lyα emission line. We measure the column densities in eight individual rovibrational states, determining a total log10(N(H2)) = 17.9+0.6
−0.3 cm−2 with a thermal temperature of T(H2) = 2500+800
−700 K. The high temperature of the molecules, the relatively small H2 column density, and the high inclination of the AA Tauri disk suggest that the absorbing gas resides in an inner disk atmosphere. If the H2 and CO are cospatial within a molecular layer ∼0.6 AU thick, this region is characterized by

∼ 105 cm−3 with an observed 〈CO/H2〉 ratio of ∼0.4. We also find evidence for a departure from a purely thermal H2 distribution, suggesting that excitation by continuum photons and H2 formation may be altering the level populations in the molecular gas.
InFiRe — a novel computational method for the identification of insertion sites in transposon mutagenized bacterial genomes
Authors: Shevchuk Olga , Roselius Louisa , Günther Gabriele , Klein Johannes , Jahn Dieter , Steinert Michael , Münch Richard 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Motivation: InFiRe, Insertion Finder via Restriction digest, is a novel software tool that allows for the computational identification of transposon insertion sites in known bacterial genome sequences after transposon mutagenesis experiments. The approach is based on the fact that restriction endonuclease digestions of bacterial DNA yield a unique pattern of DNA fragments with defined sizes. Transposon insertion changes the size of the hosting DNA fragment by a known number of base pairs. The exact size of this fragment can be determined by Southern blot hybridization. Subsequently, the position of insertion can be identified with computational analysis. The outlined method provides a solid basis for the establishment of a new high-throughput technology.
Availability and implementation: The software is freely available on our web server at www.infire.tu-bs.de. The algorithm was implemented in the statistical programming language R. For the most flexible use, InFiRe is provided in two different versions. A web interface offers the convenient use in a web browser. In addition, the software and source code is freely available for download as R-packages on our website.
Contact: m.steinert@tu-bs.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cachrys pungens Jan inhibits human melanoma cell proliferation through photo‐induced cytotoxic activity
Authors: Menichini G. , Alfano C. , Provenzano E. , Marrelli M. , Statti G. A. , Menichini F. , Conforti F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective:  To date, plants belonging to the genus Cachrys have not been amply studied. In the present study, aerial components of Cachrys pungens Jan from Italy, were examined to assess their free radical‐scavenging and antioxidant activity, and their phototoxicity on A375 melanoma cells. In view of potential pharmaceutical applications, a relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and polyphenolic composition has also been investigated.Materials and methods:  Content of sterols, terpenes, fatty acids and coumarins was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and GC. Total phenolic content was also determined. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract and fractions of C. pungens Jan was assessed using DPPH scavenging assay and β‐carotene bleaching test. Plant phototoxicity was also investigated in this human tumour cell line (amelanotic melanoma).Results:  Analysis of the chloroform extract was particularly interesting, as it led to identification of many coumarins, of which five were linear and one angular furanocoumarins. Methanol and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited substantial antioxidant activity. Moreover, chloroform extract and isolated coumarin fraction had strong phototoxic activity on UVA‐induced A375 cells after irradiation at UVA dose of 1.08 J/cm.Conclusions:  Plant‐derived natural compounds are an important source for development of cancer‐fighting drugs. This study has demonstrated strong phototoxic activity of the coumarin fraction of C. pungens, a plant which, to our knowledge, has never been studied before. This investigation offers a new perspective for developing other formulations potentially useful in photodynamic therapy for treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancers as well as melanomas.
Future prospects and challenges of vaccines against filariasis
Authors: BABAYAN S. A. , ALLEN J. E. , TAYLOR D. W. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryFilarial infections remain a major public health and socio‐economic problem across the tropics, despite considerable effort to reduce disease burden or regionally eliminate the infection with mass drug administration programmes. The sustainability of these programmes is now open to question owing to a range of issues, not least of which is emerging evidence for drug resistance. Vaccination, if developed appropriately, remains the most cost‐effective means of long‐term disease control. The rationale for the feasibility of vaccination against filarial parasites including onchocerciasis (river blindness, Onchocerca volvulus) and lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi) is founded on evidence from both humans and animal models for the development of protective immunity. Nonetheless, enormous challenges need to be faced in terms of overcoming parasite‐induced suppression without inducing pathology as well as the need to both recognize and tackle evolutionary and ecological obstacles to successful vaccine development. Nonetheless, new technological advances in addition to systems biology approaches offer hope that optimal immune responses can be induced that will prevent infection, disease and/or transmission.
Inter‐laboratory comparison of different rapid methods for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates
Authors: Vollmer T. , Hinse D. , Schottstedt V. , Bux J. , Tapernon K. , Sibrowski W. , Knabbe C. , Dreier J. 
Published: December 2011

Background  Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates still represents a major risk in transfusion medicine, and a variety of screening methods have been available to improve the safety of PCs. In the present study, the analytical quality of three different rapid screening methods (BactiFlow flow cytometry, Pan Genera Detection Assay, 23S rRNA RT‐PCR) was evaluated in an inter‐laboratory comparison in three different German blood services.Methods  Samples were inoculated with different bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli (two strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (two strains), Enterobacter aerogenes (one strain), Serratia marcescens (one strain)] at different counts (4·5 × 103–4·5 × 108 CFU/ml) alternating with negative samples in one transfusion facility. Samples were blinded with a random order for each screening method, shipped to partners and analysed immediately after receipt with different rapid screening methods.Results  The inter‐laboratory comparison revealed that the BactiFlow assay and 23S rRNA RT‐PCR‐screening detected all samples correctly (positive: 12/12, negative: 8/8). The Pan Genera Detection Assay test detected only four of the positive samples. Four of the non‐detected positive samples were below the assay’s detection limit. Another four inoculated samples with comparatively high bacteria counts were detected false negative (E. coli (two strains): 9·87 × 105 and 2·10 × 107 CFU/ml, respectively, K. pneumoniae: 4·79 × 106 CFU/ml, S. aureus: 6·03 × 105 CFU/ml). All rapid screening methods revealed no false‐positive results.Conclusions  Both BactiFlow and 23S rRNA RT‐PCR demonstrated a high sensitivity to detecting bacterial contamination in PCs. The Pan Genera Detection Assay had some shortcomings regarding sensitivity, especially for the detection of Gram‐negative strains.
Saudi Arabian nurses' experiences of studying Masters degrees in Australia
Authors: Clerehan R. , McCall L. , McKenna L. , Alshahrani K. 
Published: December 2011

CLEREHAN R., MCCALL L., MCKENNA L. & ALSHAHRANI K. (2012) Saudi Arabian nurses' experiences of studying Masters degrees in Australia. International Nursing Review59, 215–221Aim:  This paper presents findings from a study which explored a group of Saudi Arabian nurses' experiences of studying for a Masters degree in Australia.Background:  Arab states in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia in particular, have high expatriate nursing populations, and governments in the region have allocated considerable funding to up‐skilling their health workforce, often at Western universities. However, there has been little research into the learning experiences of nursing students from Middle East nations.Methods:  A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Middle Eastern students undertaking Masters courses in a School of Nursing and Midwifery at one Australian university were invited to participate in a semi‐structured interview. Ten Saudi students participated and data were analysed using content analysis.Findings:  Students experienced challenges related to the transition to very different forms of study; to managing relationships and family. They were resourceful, employing strategies to manage multiple demands, including differences in culture, and stressed the significance of strong personal relationships with staff. Students acknowledged being changed, even transformed, by their experience, and saw themselves as future change agents.Conclusion:  Highly skilled local nursing professionals are being sought in many Middle Eastern countries and may undertake post‐graduate studies in Western contexts quite different from their own. Students reported that, in spite of difficulties, their experience prompted transformational change: intellectually, psychologically and developmentally. It is necessary for staff to understand expectations and learning preferences of these students to ensure fruitful learning outcomes and benefits to nursing in their home countries.