bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Voltammetry of Ion Transfer for Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride at Water|Nitrobenzene Interface
Authors: Irdhawati Irdhawati , Tatsumi Hirosuke , Noviandri Indra , Buchari Buchari , Ibrahim Slamet 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe transfer on phenylpropanolamine ion, PPAH+, has been studied at the Interface between Two Immiscible Solutions (ITIES). The polarizable potential range was determined by cyclic voltammetry at the interface between an aqueous solution of lithium chloride (LiCl) and a nitrobenzene (NB) solution of electrolyte tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (TBATPB). The half‐wave potential of ion transfer for phenylpropanolamine accross the water|NB interface was found 465.3 mV. The peak separation, the diffusion coefficient, and the standard ion transfer potential of PPAH+ were observed to be 59.1 mV, 1.7 × 10−6 cm2/s, and 104.6 mV, respectively. The temperature of experiment was kept constantly at 25 ± 1 °C using water flow thermostate.
Solid‐phase Extraction Coupled Simple On‐line Derivatization Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Benzophenone‐type UV Filters in Aqueous Samples
Authors: Ho Yu‐Chih , Ding Wang‐Hsien 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe rapid determination of three benzophenone‐type UV filters: 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐benzophenone (BP‐3), 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone (BP‐1) and 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐benzophenone (BP‐8), in aqueous samples is described. The method involved the extraction of an aqueous sample using an Oasis HLB solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, followed by on‐line derivatization gas chromatography ‐ tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) with a trimethylsilylating (TMS) reagent. This eco‐friendly, injection‐port derivatization method, is sensitive, rapid, and provides reproducible results for these hydroxylated benzophenones in aqueous samples. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were determined to be 1.0 to 2.5 ng/L for samples in 100 mL of water. The precision for these analytes, as indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), proved to be less than 11% for both intra‐ and inter‐day analysis. Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction yield, was between 80 and 106%. The method was then applied to some environmental water samples, river water and samples of effluents from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), having the potential to contain BP‐3 and BP‐1.
Heavy Metallic and Organometallic Ions Scavenging Using Silica‐Based Adsorbent Functionalized with Ligands Containing Sulfur and Nitrogen Elements
Authors: Yeh Jian‐De , Chen Shushi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA variety of silica‐based solid phases, whose surfaces are functionalized with ligands containing sulfur and nitrogen elements, are used as self‐supporting adsorbents for environmental remediation evaluation and potential separation application. Each adsorbent is tested for its ability to scavenge five metallic ions: Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and two organometallic ions: ethylmercury and phenylmercury, from independent homoionic solutions at both neutral and acidic pH values. The results indicate that the percentage of these ions scavenged by a given adsorbent varies, and is found to be highly related to the structural environment in the vicinity of the sulfur and nitrogen elements on the ligand. It is believed that the scavenging of metallic ions is a result of the complexation formation between the metallic ions and the ligands containing sulfur and nitrogen elements, and is not due to the irreversible association chemistry with the sulfur or nitrogen element itself. In the case of organometallic ions, a π‐π interaction is thought to be involved in the adsorption with ligands containing an aromatic moiety in addition to the aforementioned forces. The time needed to reach the maximum percent of adsorption decreases as the amount of adsorbent increases. The longer the adsorption time, the higher percent of ion is removed. Other factors, such as the temperature and the acidity in the liquid phase of the matrix affect the percentage of ions scavenged as well.
Self‐assembled Azobenzenethiol Monolayer on Electrode Surfaces: Effect of Photo‐switching on the Surface and Electrical Property
Authors: Wang Szu‐Ying , Huang Ding‐Chi , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAzobenzenethiol molecules carrying different para‐substituents were used to form mixed monolayers with n‐alkanethiol molecules on Au and Ag surfaces. UV‐ and visible light irradiation of the surfaces resulted in reversible alternation of contact angle and characteristic infrared absorption peak intensities, as well as the work function of the metal surfaces. The alternations can be correlated with the cis‐trans isomerization of the azobenzene moieties at the surface. Electron transport from the metal electrode to a redox center in a contacting solution was measured and analyzed based on the change in the work function of the electrode as well as the monolayer film structure upon isomerization.
The Lawyer in the Dutch Interrogation Room: Influence on Police and Suspect
Authors: Verhoeven Willem‐Jan , Stevens Lonneke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn many European countries, providing a suspect in custody with legal aid before the first police interrogation is a heavily debated issue. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study on the use of coercion by the police and the use of the right to silence by suspects in 70 Dutch homicide cases and their relation to prior consultation and presence of a lawyer. Analysis of the data indicates that there is a relation between the presence of a lawyer in the interrogation room and the way in which police interrogators use coercion. To gain insight into whether the police use coercion and how this is achieved, we looked at the extent to which the interrogators make use of certain interrogation techniques and how the interrogation techniques are used to exert coercion. We found that legal advice from a lawyer before and during the interrogation corresponds with suspects more often using their right to silence. It also appears that the police are inclined to use ‘hard coercion’ when confronted with a silent suspect. The research thus raises the question as to whether the presence of a lawyer is an adequate way to prevent false confessions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding the right mix: How the composition of self‐managing multicultural teams' cultural value orientation influences performance over time
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Ying , Chua Roy Y. J. , Morris Michael W. , Lee Leonard 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis research investigates a new type of team that is becoming prevalent in global work settings, namely self‐managing multicultural teams. We argue that challenges that arise from cultural diversity in teams are exacerbated when teams are leaderless, undermining performance. A longitudinal study of multicultural master of business administration study teams found that in the early stage of team formation, teams with a low average level of, but moderate degree of variance in, uncertainty avoidance performed best. Four months post formation, however, teams with a high average level of relationship orientation performed better than teams with a low average level of relationship orientation. Furthermore, a moderate degree of variance in relationship orientation among team members produced better team performance than a low or high degree of variance. These findings suggest that different cultural value orientations exert different patterns of effects on the performance of self‐managing multicultural teams, depending on the stage of team formation. We discuss implications for the composition of self‐managing multicultural teams and its influence on team processes and performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic liquid‐based single‐drop liquid‐phase microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in environmental water
Authors: Guo Xueping , Yin Daqiang , Peng Jingfeng , Hu Xialin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA simple, rapid and environment‐friendly technique of single‐drop liquid‐phase microextraction has been developed for the determination of sulfonamides in environmental water. Several important parameters including stirring rate, extraction solvent, extraction pH, salinity and extraction time were optimized to maximize the extract efficiency. Extraction solvent 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C8MIM][PF6] ionic liquid showed better extraction efficiency than 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4MIM][PF6] and 1‐octanol. The optimum experimental conditions were: pH, 4.5; sodium chloride content, 36% w/v; extraction time, 20 min. This method provided low detection limits (0.5–1 ng/mL), good repeatability (the RSD ranging from 4.2 to 9.9%, n=5) and wide linear range (1–1500 ng/mL), with determination coefficients (r2) higher than 0.9989 for all the target compounds. Real sample analysis showed relative recoveries between 63.5 and 115.8% for all the target compounds.
Determination of hyperoside and isoquercitrin in rat plasma by membrane‐protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Ying , Luo Yong‐Ming , Fu Jian‐Jiang , Zhong You‐Quan , Liu Qing‐Shan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel method, micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on membrane‐protected molecularly imprinted polymer, was developed to extract hyperoside and isoquercitrin in rat plasma. Synthesized hyperoside MIPs were packed in a porous polyether sulfone membrane envelope to perform extraction. The parameters sorbent materials, membrane types, extraction time and desorption conditions were optimized for micro‐solid‐phase extraction. Under the optimal conditions, correlation coefficients, 0.998 and 0.999, were obtained for hyperoside and isoquercitrin, respectively, with the linear range between 1 and 120 μg/mL. The absolute extraction recoveries from 84.5 to 89.3% were found. The method detection limits of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were 0.24 and 0.22 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with traditional methods, solid‐phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction and protein precipitation, the developed method was simple, highly efficient for extraction, environmentally friendly, and particularly suitable for complex biological samples.
Band broadening of DNA fragments isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kaneta Takashi , Ogura Takehito , Yamato Shuhei , Imasaka Totaro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is used frequently for isolation and purification of DNA fragments. In the present study, DNA fragments extracted from polyacrylamide gels showed significant band broadening in capillary electrophoresis (CE). A pHY300PLK (a shuttle vector functioning in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) marker, which contained nine fragments ranging from 80 to 4870 bp, was separated by PAGE, and each fragment was isolated by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. After extraction from the polyacrylamide gel, the peaks of the isolated DNA fragments exhibited band broadening in CE, where a linear poly(ethylene oxide) was used as a sieving matrix. The theoretical plate numbers of the DNA fragments contained in the pHY300PLK marker were >106 for all the fragments before extraction. However, the DNA fragments extracted from the polyacrylamide gel showed decreased theoretical plate numbers (5–20 times smaller). The degradation of the theoretical plate number was significant for middle sizes of the DNA fragments ranging from 489 to 1360 bp, whereas the largest and smallest fragments (80 and 4870 bp) had no obvious influence. The band broadening was attributed to contamination of the DNA fragments by polyacrylamide fibers during the separation and extraction process.
Survival of white‐tailed deer fawns in the grasslands of the northern Great Plains
Authors: Grovenburg Troy W. , Klaver Robert W. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnvironmental factors, such as forest characteristics, have been linked to fawn survival in eastern and southern white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations. In the Great Plains, less is known about how intrinsic and habitat factors influence fawn survival. During 2007–2009, we captured and radiocollared 81 fawns in north‐central South Dakota and recorded 23 mortalities, of which 18 died before 1 September. Predation accounted for 52.2% of mortality; remaining mortality included human (hunting, vehicle, and farm accident; 26.1%) and hypothermia (21.7%). Coyotes (Canis latrans) accounted for 83.3% of predation on fawns. We used known‐fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate summer (15 May–31 Aug) survival rates and investigated the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on survival. We developed 2 a priori model sets, including intrinsic variables and a test of annual variation in survival (model set 1) and habitat variables (model set 2). Model set 1 indicated that summer survival varied among years (2007–2009); annual survival rates were 0.94 (SE = 0.06,n = 22), 0.78 (SE = 0.09,n = 27), and 0.54 (SE = 0.10,n = 32), respectively. Model set 2 indicated that survival was further influenced by patch density of cover habitats (Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]‐grasslands, forested cover, and wetlands). Mean CRP‐grassland and wetland patch density (no. patches/100 ha) were greater (P < 0.001) in home‐range areas of surviving fawns (${\bar {x}}_{{\rm CRPPD}} $ = 1.81, SE = 0.10,n = 63;${\bar {x}}_{{\rm WetPD}} $ = 1.75, SE = 0.14,n = 63, respectively) than in home‐range areas of fawns that died (${\bar {x}}_{{\rm CRPPD}} $ = 0.16, SE = 0.04,n = 18;${\bar {x}}_{{\rm WetPD}} $ = 1.28, SE = 0.10,n = 18, respectively). Mean forested cover patch density was less (P < 0.001) in home‐range areas of surviving fawns (${\bar {x}}_{{\rm FCPD}} $ = 0.77, SE = 0.10,n = 63) than in home‐range areas of fawns that died (${\bar {x}}_{{\rm FCPD}} $ = 1.49, SE = 0.21,n = 18). Our results indicate that management activities should focus on CRP‐grassland and wetland habitats in order to maintain or improve fawn survival in the northern Great Plains, rather than forested cover composed primarily of tree plantings and shelterbelts. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
New Improved Thermosets Obtained From Diglycidylether of Bisphenol A and a Multiarm Star Copolymer Based on Hyperbranched Poly(glycidol) Core and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Arms
Authors: Morell Mireia , Ramis Xavier , Ferrando Francesc , Serra Àngels 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA well‐defined multiarm star copolymer, hyperbranched poly(glycidol)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PGOH‐b‐PMMA), is used as a modifier in the curing of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) using 1‐methyl imidazole (1MI) as anionic initiator. The effect of the polymer topology on the curing and gelation processes is studied. The addition of the PGOH‐b‐PMMA to the resin leaves the complex viscosity unaltered. The addition of the modifier decreases the shrinkage after gelation compared to that measured in the curing of the neat resin. By DMTA a single relaxation process in the pure DGEBA and modified thermoset is found. The addition of the star‐like modifier led to an improvement on the mechanical characteristics such as the impact strength and microhardness in comparison to the neat material.
Fine compactified Jacobians
Authors: Melo Margarida , Viviani Filippo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe study Esteves's fine compactified Jacobians for nodal curves. We give a proof of the fact that, for a one‐parameter regular local smoothing of a nodal curveX, the relative smooth locus of a relative fine compactified Jacobian is isomorphic to the Néron model of the Jacobian of the general fiber, and thus it provides a modular compactification of it. We show that each fine compactified Jacobian ofXadmits a stratification in terms of certain fine compactified Jacobians of partial normalizations ofXand, moreover, that it can be realized as a quotient of the smooth locus of a suitable fine compactified Jacobian of the total blowup ofX. Finally, we determine when a fine compactified Jacobian is isomorphic to the corresponding Oda‐Seshadri's coarse compactified Jacobian.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced skin carcinogenesis depends on recruitment and alternative activation of macrophages
Authors: Linde Nina , Lederle Wiltrud , Depner Sofia , van Rooijen Nico , Gutschalk Claudia M , Mueller Margareta M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInflammation contributes to tumour growth, invasion and angiogenesis. We investigated the contribution of macrophages and their polarization to tumour progression in a model of VEGF‐A‐induced skin carcinogenesis. Transfection of the human non‐tumourigenic keratinocyte cell line HaCaT with murine VEGF‐A leads to malignant tumour growth in vivo. The resulting tumours are characterized by extensive vascularization, invasive growth and high numbers of M2‐polarized macrophages that crucially contribute to the establishment of the malignant phenotype. Accordingly, macrophage depletion from tumour‐bearing animals resulted in reduced tumour growth, inhibition of invasion, decreased proliferation and reduced angiogenesis. In vitro, VEGF‐A exerted a chemo‐attracting effect on macrophages, but did not induce M2 polarization. We identified IL‐4 and IL‐10 as the factors involved in M2 polarization. These factors were produced by tumour cells (IL‐10) and macrophages (IL‐4) in vivo. Addition of recombinant IL‐4 and IL‐10 in vitro induced a pro‐invasive M2 macrophage phenotype and inhibition of the IL‐4 receptor in vivo blocked M2 polarization of macrophages, resulting in a less aggressive tumour phenotype. Thus, we provide evidence that M2 macrophages are crucial for the development of VEGF‐A‐induced skin tumours and that VEGF‐A contributes to malignant tumour growth, not only by enhancing angiogenesis but also by establishing an anti‐inflammatory microenvironment. However, VEGF‐A alone is not sufficient to create a tumour‐promoting microenvironment and requires the presence of IL‐4 and IL‐10 to induce M2 polarization of macrophages. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autophagy mediates survival of pancreatic tumour‐initiating cells in a hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Rausch Vanessa , Liu Li , Apel Anja , Rettig Theresa , Gladkich Jury , Labsch Sabrina , Kallifatidis Georgios , Kaczorowski Adam , Groth Ariane , Gross Wolfgang , Gebhard Martha M , Schemmer Peter , Werner Jens , Salnikov Alexei V , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Büchler Markus W , Herr Ingrid 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInvolvement of dysregulated autophagy in cancer growth and progression has been shown in different tumour entities, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). PDA is an extremely aggressive tumour characterized by a small population of highly therapy‐resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) capable of self‐renewal and migration. We examined whether autophagy might be involved in the survival of CSCs despite nutrition and oxygen deprivation typical for the hypoxic tumour microenvironment of PDA. Immunohistochemistry revealed that markers for hypoxia, CSCs and autophagy are co‐expressed in patient‐derived tissue of PDA. Hypoxia starvation (H/S) enhanced clonogenic survival and migration of established pancreatic cancer cells with stem‐like properties (CSC$^{\rm{high}})$, while pancreatic tumour cells with fewer stem cell markers (CSC$^{\rm{low}})$ did not survive these conditions. Electron microscopy revealed more advanced autophagic vesicles in CSC$^{\rm{high}}$ cells, which exhibited higher expression of autophagy‐related genes under normoxic conditions and relative to CSC$^{\rm{low}}$ cells, as found by RT‐PCR and western blot analysis. LC3 was already fully converted to the active LC3‐II form in both cell lines, as evaluated by western blot and detection of accumulated GFP‐LC3 protein by fluorescence microscopy. H/S increased formation of autophagic and acid vesicles, as well as expression of autophagy‐related genes, to a higher extent in CSC$^{\rm{high}}$ cells. Modulation of autophagy by inhibitors and activators resensitized CSC$^{\rm{high}}$ to apoptosis and diminished clonogenicity, spheroid formation, expression of CSC‐related genes, migratory activity and tumourigenicity in mice. Our data suggest that enhanced autophagy levels may enable survival of CSC$^{\rm{high}}$ cells under H/S. Interference with autophagy‐activating or ‐inhibiting drugs disturbs the fine‐tuned physiological balance of enhanced autophagy in CSC and switches survival signalling to suicide. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of validated methods for identifying orthopedic implant removal and revision using administrative data
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A , Kundukulam Joseph A , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo identify studies that have validated administrative and claims database algorithms for identifying patients with orthopedic device revision or removal.MethodsAs a part of the Food and Drug Administration's Mini‐Sentinel pilot program, we performed a systematic review to identify algorithms for orthopedic implant removal/revision in administrative and claims databases in the USA or Canada.ResultsFive studies examined the validity of database algorithms against a gold standard of documentation in medical records (n = 3) or codes/documentation in another database (n = 2). The positive predictive values (PPV) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) and/or the Current Procedural Terminology codes for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the US Medicare population compared with medical record review were 92%and 91%, respectively. In another study of the US Medicare population, multiple ICD‐9 codes for revision total knee arthroplasty were compared with newly available single ICD‐9‐CM codes for revision knee arthroplasty; sensitivity was 87% and specificity was 99% (PPV not provided). The fourth study validated the ICD‐9‐CM codes for revision total knee arthroplasty against Ontario health insurance physician fee service claims as the gold standard and found a PPV of 32%. In the last study in Medicare population, the accuracy of the attribution of revision THA to the same side as the earlier index primary THA was examined; PPV for same laterality of revision THA was 71% (using ICD‐9‐CM codes).ConclusionsValidation data, with regard to the ICD‐9‐CM or the Current Procedural Terminology code algorithms for revision THA in the Medicare population, exist. More validation studies are needed to confirm these findings and examine other large databases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.