bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary fiber and biotic supplementation on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs
Authors: Wilson Sofia M , Kang Yifei , Marshall Kemba , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDietary fibers and biotics have been shown to support gastrointestinal health in dogs, but are usually tested individually. There is value in testing fiber-biotic combinations that are commonly used commercially. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of diets supplemented with fibers or biotics and to evaluate their effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, microbiota, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations of dogs. Twelve healthy adult female beagle dogs (age = 6.2 ± 1.6 yr; body weight = 9.5 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to test three treatments: 1) control diet based on rice, chicken meal, tapioca starch, and cellulose + a placebo treat (CT); 2) diet based on rice, chicken meal, garbanzo beans, and cellulose + a placebo treat (GB); 3) diet based on rice, chicken meal, garbanzo beans, and a functional fiber/prebiotic blend + a probiotic-containing treat (GBPP). In each 28-d period, a 22-d diet adaptation was followed by a 5-d fecal collection phase. Fasted blood samples were collected on day 28. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P &lt; 0.05 being significant and P &lt; 0.10 being trends. ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter, and energy were lower (P &lt; 0.001) and DM fecal output was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in dogs fed GBPP than CT or GB, whereas ATTD of crude protein was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in dogs fed CT and GBPP than GB. ATTD of fat was higher (P &lt; 0.001) and wet fecal output was lower (P &lt; 0.01) in dogs fed CT than GB or GBPP. Fecal DM% was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in dogs fed CT than GBPP or GB, and higher in dogs fed GBPP than GB. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.001) in dogs fed GB than CT or GBPP, and higher in dogs fed GB than GBPP. Fecal IgA concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.01) in dogs fed GB than CT. Fecal microbiota populations were affected by diet, with alpha diversity being higher (P &lt; 0.01) in dogs fed GB than CT, and beta diversity shifting following dietary fiber and biotic supplementation. The relative abundance of 24 bacterial genera was altered in dogs fed GB or GBPP than CT. Serum triglyceride concentrations were lower in dogs fed GB than GBPP or CT. Our results demonstrate that legume-based dietary fibers, with or without prebiotics and probiotics, reduce ATTD, increase stool output, beneficially shift fecal metabolites and microbiota, and reduce blood lipids in adult dogs.
Effects of late gestational nutrient restriction on uterine artery blood flow, placental size, and cotyledonary mRNA expression in primiparous beef females
Authors: Redifer Colby A , Wichman Lindsey G , Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Meyer Allison M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fall-calving primiparous beef females [body weight (BW): 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; body condition score (BCS): 5.4 ± 0.7] were individually-fed either 100% (control; CON; n = 13) or 70% (nutrient restricted; NR; n = 13) of metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from day 160 of gestation to parturition. Doppler ultrasonography of both uterine arteries was conducted pre-treatment and every 21 d from days 181 to 265 of gestation. Expelled placentas were collected, and ipsilateral cotyledonary tissue was sampled to assess relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. Placentas were separated into ipsilateral and contralateral sides, dissected (cotyledonary vs. intercotyledonary), and dried. Data were analyzed with nutritional plane, treatment initiation date, and calf sex (when P &lt; 0.25) as fixed effects. Uterine blood flow included day and nutritional plane × day as repeated measures. We previously reported that post-calving, NR dams weighed 64 kg less and were 2.0 BCS lower than CON, but calf birth weight was not affected. Maternal heart rate was less (P &lt; 0.001) for NR dams than CON after nutritional planes began. Nutritional plane did not affect (P ≥ 0.20) uterine artery hemodynamics, but all variables were affected (P ≤ 0.04) by day. Contralateral cotyledonary and placental weight were less (P ≤ 0.04) and contralateral intercotyledonary weight and number of cotyledons tended to be less (P ≤ 0.10) for NR dams than CON, but ipsilateral and whole placental weights were not affected (P ≥ 0.13). Ipsilateral placental weight as a percentage of total placental weight was greater (P = 0.03) for NR dams than CON. Whole placental cotyledonary: intercotyledonary weight was less (P = 0.01) for NR dams than CON. Placental efficiency was not affected (P = 0.89) by nutritional plane. Cotyledonary relative mRNA expression of GLUT3 and SNAT2 was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and relative expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and NOS3 tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.07) for NR dams than CON. Nutritional plane did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) relative mRNA expression of GLUT5, 4F2hc, CAT1, LAT1, LAT2, VEGFA, FLT1, KDR, GUCY1B3, and PAG2. Despite less contralateral placental growth, beef heifers experiencing late gestational nutrient restriction maintained uterine artery blood flow and total placental mass and had 4 nutrient transporters and 1 angiogenic factor upregulated in cotyledons, all of which likely contributed to conserving fetal growth.
CYP4G subfamily genes mediate larval integument development in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhou Xue , Yuan Hao , Ye Nuojun , Rong Changfeng , Li Yiyu , Jiang Xingchuan , Cao Haiqun , Huang Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4G subfamily is closely related to the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons, leading to the enhanced desiccation and insecticide resistance of pests. However, functions of CYP4Gs in larval integument development remain unknown in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major transboundary migratory pest and become a common pest in China. On the basis of the genome and transcriptome datasets of S. frugiperda, CYP4G74, CYP4G75, CYP4G108, and CYP4G109 were identified, which contained the conserved domains of P450s and CYP4Gs. The spatial and temporal expression analysis showed that CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 were significantly highly expressed in adults and larval integuments, while CYP4G108 and CYP4G109 had low expressions in larval integuments. After silencing CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 by RNA interference, abnormal integument development occurred in larvae, some of which became smaller and dead, indicating important roles of CYP4G74 and CYP4G75 in the synthesis and development of integuments. The results clarify the functions of CYP4Gs in S. frugiperda and provide potential targets for the control of this pest.
Detection of bean damage caused by Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using drones, sensors, and image analysis
Authors: Karimzadeh Roghaiyeh , Naharki Kushal , Park Yong-Lak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a key pest of beans, and early detection of bean damage is crucial for the timely management of E. varivestis. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using drones and optical sensors to quantify the damage to field beans caused by E. varivestis. A total of 14 bean plots with various levels of defoliation were surveyed aerially with drones equipped with red-blue-green (RGB), multispectral, and thermal sensors at 2 to 20 m above the canopy of bean plots. Ground-validation sampling included harvesting entire bean plots and photographing individual leaves. Image analyses were used to quantify the amount of defoliation by E. varivestis feeding on both aerial images and ground-validation photos. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of bean defoliation by E. varivestis measured on aerial images with that found by the ground validation. The results of this study showed a significant positive relationship between bean damages assessed by ground validation and those by using RGB images and a significant negative relationship between the actual amount of bean defoliation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values. Thermal signatures associated with bean defoliation were not detected. Spatial analyses using geostatistics revealed the spatial dependency of bean defoliation by E. varivestis. These results suggest the potential use of RGB and multispectral sensors at flight altitudes of 2 to 6 m above the canopy for early detection and site-specific management of E. varivestis, thereby enhancing management efficiency.
Macrophage-specific lipoxygenase deletion amplify cardiac repair activating Treg cells in chronic heart failure
Authors: Kain Vasundhara , Grilo Gabriel Araujo , Upadhyay Gunjan , Nadler Jerry L , Serhan Charles N , Halade Ganesh V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Splenic leukocytes, particularly macrophage-expressed lipoxygenases, facilitate the biosynthesis of resolution mediators essential for cardiac repair. Next, we asked whether deletion of 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LOX) in macrophages impedes the resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). Using 12/15flox/flox and LysMcre scheme, we generated macrophage-specific 12/15LOX (Mɸ-12/15LOX−/−) mice. Young C57BL/6J wild-type and Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− male mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation microsurgery. Mice were monitored at day 1 (d1) to d5 (as acute heart failure [AHF]) and to d56 (chronic HF) post-MI, maintaining no MI as d0 naïve control animals. Post ligation, Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− mice showed increased survival (88% vs 56%) and limited heart dysfunction compared with wild-type. In AHF, Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− mice have increased biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid by 30%, with the decrease in D-series resolvins, protectin, and maresin by 70% in the infarcted heart. Overall, myeloid cell profiling from the heart and spleen indicated that Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− mice showed higher immune cells with reparative Ly6Clow macrophages during AHF. In addition, the detailed immune profiling revealed reparative macrophage phenotype (Ly6Clow) in Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− mice in a splenocardiac manner post-MI. Mɸ-12/15LOX−/− mice showed an increase in myeloid population that coordinated increase of T regulatory cells (CD4+/Foxp3+) in the spleen and injured heart at chronic HF compared with wild-type. Thus, macrophage-specific deletion of 12/15LOX directs reparative macrophage phenotype to facilitate cardiac repair. The presented study outlines the complex role of 12/15LOX in macrophage plasticity and T regulatory cell signaling that indicates that resolution mediators are viable targets to facilitate cardiac repair in HF post-MI.
TIGIT stimulation suppresses autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting Th17 cell infiltration
Authors: Peters Kayleigh , McDonald Trisha , Muhammad Fauziyya , Brady Adrien , Dostal John , Lee Darren J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an immune checkpoint molecule that suppresses T cell activation and promotes an immunosuppressive environment to suppress autoimmune diseases. However, the impact of a TIGIT agonist as a treatment for ocular autoimmune disease has not been investigated. We examined TIGIT expression on T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), the role of TIGIT on experimental autoimmune uveitis and Th17 cells, and the impact of Treg generation following TIGIT stimulation. TIGIT stimulation at the onset of clinical symptoms reduced the severity of uveitis and suppressed infiltration of Th17 cells into the eye. Further, Tregs from mice treated with the TIGIT agonist were capable of suppressing experimental autoimmune uveitis in recipient mice. This report demonstrates that stimulation of TIGIT at onset of disease suppresses symptoms and allows for induction of regulatory immunity that provides resistance to uveitis.
Motives and Consequences of Libor Strategic Reporting: How Much Can We Learn from Banks’ Self-Reported Borrowing Rates?
Authors: Bonaldi Pietro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Libor is an estimate of interbank borrowing costs computed daily from rates reported by a fixed panel of banks. Evidence suggests that banks have manipulated Libor in recent years by misreporting their borrowing costs. I estimate a strategic reporting model that identifies banks’ borrowing costs as well as their motives for misreporting. The estimation places a lower bound on the value that Libor would have had if banks had truthfully reported their borrowing costs. The model is identified even when unobserved heterogeneity exists in the form of a common cost component that is known by all banks but unobservable to the econometrician and is allowed to follow a non-stationary process. The only data used for identification are banks’ Libor quotes. Overall, I find that the estimated lower bound for the unmanipulated Libor is always above the published Libor, with an average deviation of 25 basis points at the worst of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. The estimated bound displays a pattern similar to two other measures of interbank borrowing costs that have been used previously to assess the extent of manipulation. The model is also used to determine the extent to which misreporting was motivated by signalling or banks’ net exposure to Libor. The estimation results indicate that sending creditworthiness signals was the main driver of systematic misreporting from 2007 to 2010.
Aberrant Cardiac Interoception in Psychosis
Authors: Jeganathan Jayson , Campbell Megan E J , Legrand Nicolas , Allen Micah , Breakspear Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
There is mounting evidence that cardiac interoception, the perception of one’s heartbeat, is central to affective experiences. It has been proposed that symptoms of psychosis could arise from interoceptive dysfunction. Here we hypothesized that people with psychotic disorders would have a specific impairment in cardiac interoception, over and above broader perceptual deficits.

Study Design
43 adults with a history of psychosis (31 schizophrenia, 12 schizoaffective disorder) and 41 matched control participants completed a heart rate discrimination task. Participants responded to whether they perceived a sequence of auditory tones to be faster or slower than their heart rate. By trialing a range of auditory tone rates, we estimated a threshold for each participant, the difference between perceived heart rate and actual heart rate. To test whether differences were specific to interoception, participants completed an exteroceptive control condition, testing their discrimination of the rate of 2 sets of audible sounds instead of heart rate.

Study Results
Participants with a history of psychosis had greater absolute differences between perceived and actual heart rate, indicating over- or under-estimation of heart rate compared to healthy controls. This difference was specific to the interoceptive condition, and not explained by group differences in exteroceptive perception.

Conclusions
Psychotic disorders are associated with misestimation of heart rate. Further research may elucidate whether interoceptive abnormalities contribute to specific symptoms such as somatic delusions or affective features, and whether interoception could be a treatment target in psychotic disorders.
State of the art: the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Costanzo Giulia , Ledda Andrea Giovanni , Sambugaro Giada 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with dysregulated cells in the immune system. The disease affects organs like kidneys, nervous system, joints, and skin. To manage SLE effectively, novel treatments targeting immune system components have been developed. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of existing targeted therapies and explores future innovative approaches for well tolerated, personalized treatment.

Recent findings
SLE treatment involves cytokine targets and specific immunologic pathways, with even small molecules involved.

Summary
The advanced therapeutic options in SLE management give clinicians more tools to control disease activity according to personalized medicine.
Single Versus 3-incision Triple Pelvic Osteotomy: Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Results
Authors: Kolac Ulas Can , Gazeloglu Ali Okan , Oral Melih , Yilmaz Engin Turkay , Bakircioglu Sancar , Aksoy Mehmet Cemalettin , Yilmaz Guney 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is indicated when the anatomic and functional realignment of the hip joint is needed. Although the traditional approach for TPO involves a separate incision for ischial cut, there has been a trend for single-incision TPO in recent years. This study aims to compare the clinical and radiologic results of 2 different approaches.

Methods:
Forty-two hips of 39 patients treated using TPO with a minimum of 24 months of follow-up were included in our cohort. Demographics, perioperative, and radiologic parameters were evaluated. Harris Hip Score and International Hip Outcome Tool were used for clinical evaluation.

Results:
A single anterolateral incision approach was used in 18 hips (17 patients), whereas a 3-incision approach was used in 24 hips (22 patients). The mean follow-up was 4.7 years in the 3-incision group and 3.8 years in the single-incision group (P=0.43), with mean surgery age at 8.7 years (range, 5.4 to 12) for single-incision and 9.7 years (range, 7.7 to 11.7) for 3e-incision (P=0.22). There were no significant differences observed between the 2 groups concerning radiographic measurements, complications, and functional scores. The mean surgical time was 118.6 minutes in the single-incision group and 97.9 minutes in 3-incision group (P=0.036). Mean intraoperative blood loss was 181.7 ml in the single-incision group and 243.4 ml in 3-incision group (P=0.028). Three-incision group demonstrated significantly higher intraoperative blood loss, leading to lower hemoglobin values (P=0.042).

Conclusion:
The single-incision TPO demonstrated similar outcomes compared with the traditional 3-incision approach in terms of radiologic correction and functional improvement. The single-incision technique exhibited advantages such as reduced intraoperative blood loss and potential benefit of decreased pain due to fewer scars. However, it required a longer surgical time compared with the 3-incision approach. Surgeons should consider patient-specific factors and their expertise when selecting the most appropriate approach for each case.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative series.
Nipple Adenoma: Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Berger Ori , Gersh Guy , Talisman Ran 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nipple adenomas (NAs) are rare benign proliferative tumors presenting as palpable nodules, erosive lesions, or nipple discharge, mimicking other conditions. This systematic review categorizes cases into sole NA (ONA) or co-diagnoses with other conditions (CONA) to enhance clinical recognition, diagnosis, and treatment efficacy.

Methods:
Following PRISMA guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted for NA. Inclusion criteria covered original research, excluding reviews or other breast diseases. Bias risk was assessed through a thorough search, authors independently evaluated studies, and data were synthesized using varied measures. Subgroups ONA and CONA were formed. Analyses were conducted in Excel and R, complemented by a qualitative review due to case report predominance. Biases in case reports were transparently addressed.

Results:
Of the 86 studies, 387 cases were analyzed, showing 10.34% with co-diagnoses of malignant or premalignant conditions. Mean age was 44, with a female predominance (97%). ONA (347 cases) and CONA (40 cases) subgroups exhibited variations in symptoms, physical findings, and imaging. Treatment modalities included excision (51.39%), biopsy alone (11.1%), and mastectomy (8.6%). Mean follow-up of 56.73 months revealed recurrence (2.87%) and malignancy development (1.79%), notably in CONA cases (33.33%).

Conclusions:
This study provides insights into the broader age range of NA and its associations. Higher co-diagnosis rates were correlated with older age, highlighting the necessity for thorough investigation, with excision as the primary treatment. Follow-up emphasizes the significance of identifying and monitoring CONA cases, which pose a higher malignancy risk. Recurrence is presumed to be linked to proper lesion excision and co-diagnosis.
Response to treatment of epiretinal neovascularization secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion in proliferative MacTel 2
Authors: Stöckl Victoria , Stattin Martin , Zehetner Claus , Bui Patricia , Krepler Katharina , Ansari-Shahrezaei Siamak 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To describe a case of unilateral epiretinal neovascularization (ERN) secondary to an old ischemic retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a patient with bilateral proliferative macular teleangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2; Toto stage 4) and its response to treatment as documented by multimodal imaging.

Methods:
Retrospective case report

Results:
A 75-year-old woman with a six-year-history of MacTel 2 and the consecutive development of proliferative outer retinal neovascularization in both eyes over time presented with an ERN in addition to neovascularization of the optic disc, delayed filling of the retinal veins, peripheral capillary ischemia and intravitreal hemorrhage only in her left eye in September 2023. She was therefore treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF; aflibercept 2mg) intravitreally. The ERN responded well to a single intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, while flow in the outer retinal proliferation persisted. Diagnosis and treatment with anti-VEGF were observed via optical coherence tomography angiography.

Conclusion:
We believe that the ERN formation was a reaction to ischemia of the inner retinal capillary plexus due to a preceding RVO. The herein presented case provides a new perspective on the development and treatment of ERN in MacTel 2.
Implantable phakic contact lens: vault evaluation 5 years postoperatively
Authors: Bianchi Germán R. , Paredes Andrés , Puccio Belén , Parra-Hernández Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the stability of the postoperative vault of the implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) 5 years after implantation.

Setting:
Clínica de Ojos Dr. Nano, Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Design:
Retrospective case-series study.

Methods:
Myopic patients operated with the IPCL for spherical correction in which preoperative data were compared with different scenarios of postoperative vault at 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively. The main parameter to be evaluated was the vault obtained 5 years postoperatively.

Results:
140 eyes of 72 patients, aged 31.9 ± 2.8 years (21 to 50), were included. Most of the eyes (78.6%) obtained a vault between 250 μm and 750 μm, while in 15% of the eyes, it was less than 250 μm, and 6.4% were greater than 750 μm. The vault evaluated 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively remained stable. Subcapsular cataracts were detected in 2 eyes, with vault <250 μm. A total of 50 eyes (35.7%) had cysts in the sulcus (5 cases in the group of eyes with vault >750 μm). No changes were detected in relation to intraocular pressure or endothelial cell count.

Conclusions:
In eyes implanted with the IPCL over 5 years, it was observed that the vault remained stable over time. The proportion of eyes with cysts was higher in eyes with vaults larger than 750 μm.