bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of a modified clinical signs and symptoms of infection checklist for leg ulcer management
Authors: Dennis L A , Dumville J C , Cullum N , Bland J M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyse the validity of a modified Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist used to measure infection in a sample of patients with a leg ulcer.MethodsData from patients recruited to a randomized controlled trial evaluating larval therapy (VenUS II) were analysed using factor analysis to identify the underlying checklist structure. Linear regression analysis identified whether checklist items, patient characteristics and subjective judgement of infection could predict bacterial load.ResultsThere were several redundant checklist items when implemented in this sample and items forming the scale had low internal consistency (α = 0·27). No clear structure to the checklist was detected, with only one underlying theme revealed which had low internal consistency (α = 0·45). Predictions of bacterial count were possible using the emerged theme, some checklist items and ankle circumference, but not using clinicians' subjective judgement alone (P = 0·315).ConclusionThe modified Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist does not currently represent a valid tool to measure infection in leg ulcers. Some checklist items may predict bacterial load and may be better than subjective judgement alone.
Self-expanding metal stents as an alternative to surgical bypass for malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Shaw J M , Bornman P C , Krige J E J , Stupart D A , Panieri E 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Gastroduodenal obstruction due to malignancy can be difficult to palliate. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are gaining acceptance as an effective alternative to surgical bypass.

Methods
Patients not suitable for surgical bypass, with complete gastric outlet obstruction as a result of malignancy, were offered palliation with SEMS from November 2004 to December 2008. The procedure was performed under fluoroscopic guidance and conscious sedation. Data were collected prospectively.

Results
Seventy patients underwent SEMS placement (hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancy, 44; antral gastric carcinoma, 19; other, seven). Follow-up was complete in 69 patients (99 per cent). Technical and clinical success rates were 93 and 95 per cent respectively. Median hospital stay was 2 (range 1–18) days, median survival was 1·8 (0·1–19·0) months, and 87 per cent had improved intake after SEMS placement, as determined by Gastric Outlet Obstruction Severity Score before and after stenting (P &lt; 0·001). Complications included two episodes of minor bleeding.

Conclusion
The use of SEMS to alleviate complete malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with limited life expectancy is successful in re-establishing enteral intake in most patients, with minimal morbidity, no mortality and a short hospital stay.
Endogenous morphine levels after laparoscopic versus open colectomy
Authors: Madbouly K M , Senagore A J , Delaney C P 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Endogenous morphine may be a component of the acute-phase response to surgical trauma that affects both hospital stay and gastrointestinal motility. The purpose of this study was to assess the responses of endogenous morphine, stress hormones and cytokines following laparoscopic and open colectomy.

Methods
Twenty patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy were compared with ten who had an open procedure. Data collected included operative blood loss, operating time and time to pass flatus. Plasma endogenous morphine was measured before and immediately after operation, and 3, 24 and 48 h later.

Results
Age was comparable in the two groups. Operating time (mean 92·2 versus 61·3 min), time to tolerance of solid food (56·8 versus 103·6 h) and hospital stay (median 4 versus 6 days) were all significantly longer in the open group. Endogenous morphine levels rose immediately after open colectomy only and were higher than those after laparoscopic colectomy (8·69 versus 1·97 ng/ml; P &lt; 0·001). Levels remained significantly higher in the laparoscopic group at 3 h (10·36 versus 0·52 ng/ml; P &lt; 0·001) and 24 h, but were similar in both groups after 48 h.

Conclusion
There is a greater degree of morphine synthesis after open than laparoscopic colectomy.
Enhancing students' perception of single‐sideband suppressed‐carrier principles by using cooperative and computer‐based learning
Authors: Swart Arthur James 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSingle‐sideband systems are the preferred modulation format in analogue voice transmission for two‐way radio communications on the high‐frequency portion of the radio spectrum. Recent literature has presented methods of conveying other modulation formats (such as frequency and amplitude modulation) to engineering students by means of computer‐based learning. However, little has been documented on assisting senior engineering students to grasp fundamental communication principles related to single‐sideband suppressed‐carrier (SSB‐SC) systems, which include suppressed‐carrier generation and sideband filtering. This article presents such a method, which is based on cooperative and computer‐based learning. It presents the structure of a practical assignment (PA) designed to assist students to grasp SSB‐SC principles in a well‐equipped laboratory at a university of technology. The throughput rate of this PA is contrasted to the theoretical assessment of this section of the syllabus in a module termed radio engineering III. Throughput rate is defined as the number of students who are enrolled for a module in Higher Education compared to the number of students who successfully complete that same module within a given semester, expressed as a percentage. The theoretical assessment involves a written test on the fundamental principles of single‐sideband systems. A high success rate has been maintained for the past 7 years of instruction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 332–338, 2012
Molecular Template Assisted Growth of Ultrathin Silicon Carbide Nanowires with Strong Green Light Emission and Excellent Field‐Emission Properties
Authors: Xi Guangcheng , He Yanting , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel molecule template assisted chemical co‐reduction method has been successfully developed for the controlled synthesis of ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires on a large scale. The ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires are about 8 nm in diameter and 200–800 nm in length. The resulting thin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowire is new in the family of β‐SiC one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures. A synergistic action of π‐stacking and steric hindrance result from the 1,10‐phenanthroline molecule template are proposed to explain the growth mechanism of the ultrathin β‐SiC single‐crystalline nanowires based on the experimental observation. Importantly, such ultrathin β‐SiC nanowire has shown a strong structure‐induced enhancement of photoluminescence properties and has exhibited a very strong green light emission, which can be seen by naked eye. Furthermore, the unique β‐SiC ultrathin nanowire structure exhibits a low turn‐on field (3.57 V μm−1) and a large field‐emission current density (20 mA cm−2). These results suggest that the ultrathin β‐SiC nanowires can be expected to find promising applications as field emitters and photoelectronic devices.
A Series of Open‐Framework Aluminoborates Templated by Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Zhou Jian , Fang Wei‐Hui , Rong Cheng , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of open‐framework aluminoborates (ABOs) [M(dien)2][AlB6O11(OH)] (M=Co (I a), Ni (I b), Cd (I c), Zn (I d); dien=diethylenetriamine) and [M(en)3][AlB7O12(OH)2]⋅ (H2O)0.25 (M=Co (II a), Ni (II b); en=ethylenediamine) have been made under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and nonlinear optical determination. These compounds were classified as two structural types: Type I (I a–d) contains AlO4 tetrahedra and B6O11(OH) clusters, which link to form a new 3D framework with 7‐/9‐ring helical channels and large 13‐ring channels; whereas type II (II a,b) is composed of AlO4 tetrahedra, chainlike B4O6(OH)2 tetramer, and crablike B6O12 clusters, which interconnect to form other new 3D frameworks with 8‐ring helical channels, rare 16‐ring double‐helical channels, and larger odd 15‐ring channels. These compounds represent the first examples of 3D ABOs templated by transition‐metal complexes (TMCs). I c,d present good second harmonic generation (SHG) properties. UV/Vis spectral investigation indicates that I a–d and II a,b are wide‐band‐gap semiconductors.
A Triphenylphosphonium‐Functionalised Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complex as a Nucleolus‐Specific Two‐Photon Molecular Dye
Authors: Koo Chi‐Kin , So Leo K.‐Y. , Wong Ka‐Leung , Ho Yu‐Man , Lam Yun‐Wah , Lam Michael H.‐W. , Cheah Kwok‐Wai , Cheng Chopen Chan‐Wut , Kwok Wai‐Ming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn organometallic cyclometalated platinum(II) complex, [Pt(L3)Cl][PF6], has been synthesised from a specially designed cyclometalating ligand, HL3 (triphenyl{5‐[3‐(6‐phenylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]pentyl}phosphonium chloride), that contains a pendant carbon chain carrying a terminal cationic triphenylphosphonium moiety. Aside from its room temperature single‐photon luminescent properties in solution, [Pt(L3)Cl]+ can also produce two‐photon‐induced luminescence at room temperature upon excitation at 700 nm from a mode‐locked Ti:sapphire laser. Its two‐photon absorption cross‐section in DMF at room temperature was measured to be 28.0×10−50 cm4 s photon−1. [Pt(L3)Cl]+ is able to selectively stain the cell nucleolus. This has been demonstrated by two‐photon confocal imaging of live and methanol‐fixed HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and 3T3 (mouse skin fibroblasts) cells. This organelle specificity is likely to be related to its special affinity for proteins within cell nucleoli. As a result of such protein affinity, [Pt(L3)Cl]+ is an efficient RNA transcription inhibitor and shows rather profound cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the organelle‐specific labelling and two‐photon‐induced luminescent properties of [Pt(L3)Cl]+ renders it a useful nuclear dye for the 3‐dimensional reconstruction of optical sections of thick tissues, for example, mouse ileum tissues, by multiphoton confocal microscopy.
Borohydrides from Organic Hydrides: Reactions of Hantzsch’s Esters with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Webb Jonathan D. , Laberge Véronique S. , Geier Stephen J. , Stephan Douglas W. , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report herein that the reaction between a series of Hantzsch’s ester analogues 1 a–d with the Lewis acidic species B(C6F5)3 results in facile transfer of hydride to boron. The main products of this reaction are pyridinium borohydride salts 2 a–d, which are obtained in high to moderate yields. The N‐substituted substrates (N‐Me, N‐Ph) reacted in high yield 90–98 % and the connectivity of the products were confirmed by an X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the N‐Me borohydride salt 2 a. Unsubstituted Hanztsch’s ester 1 a reacted less effectively generating only 60 % of the corresponding borohydride salt, with the balance of the material sequestered as the ester‐bound Lewis acid–base adduct 3 a. Formation of the Lewis acid–base adduct could be minimized by increasing the steric bulk about the ester groups as in 1 d. The connectivity of the carbonyl‐bound adduct was confirmed by an X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 3 e the product of the reaction of methyl ketone 1 e with B(C6F5)3. We also explored the generation of these pyridinium salts by employing frustrated Lewis pair methodology. However, the reaction of mixtures of the corresponding pyridine and B(C6F5)3 with hydrogen gas only resulted in formation of trace amounts of the pyridinium borohydride, along with the Lewis acid–base adduct of the starting material and B(C6F5)3. The 1,2‐dihydropyridine adduct was the final product of this reaction. This was ascribed to the low basicity of the pyridine nitrogen and the complicating formation of an ester bound Lewis acid–base adduct.
A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date‐Rape Drug γ‐Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach
Authors: Baumes Laurent A. , Buaki Sogo Mireia , Montes‐Navajas Pedro , Corma Avelino , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: March 2010

Abstractγ‐Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a colourless, odourless and tasteless chemical, has become one of the most dangerous illicit drugs of abuse today. At low doses, this drug is a central nervous system depressant that reduces anxiety and produces euphoria and relaxation, sedating the recipient. There is an urgent need for simple, easy‐to‐use sensors for GHB in solution. Here, we present a colorimetric sensor array based on supramolecular host–guest complexes of fluorescent dyes with organic capsules (cucurbiturils) for the detection of GHB.
Effect of Bulkiness on Reversible Substitution Reaction at MnII Center with Concomitant Movement of the Lattice DMF: Observation through Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Fashion
Authors: Das Madhab C. , Bharadwaj Parimal K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe porous coordination polymer ({[Mn(L)H2O](H2O)1.5(dmf)}n, 1) (DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide) exhibits variety of substitution reactions along with movement of lattice DMF molecule depending upon bulkiness of the external guest molecules. If pyridine or 4‐picoline is used as a guest, both lattice and coordinated solvent molecules are simultaneously substituted (complexes 6 and 7, respectively). If a bulky guest like aniline is used, a partial substitution at the metal centers and full substitution at the channels takes place (complex 8). If the guest is 2‐picoline (by varying the position of bulky methyl group with respect to donor N atom), one MnII center is substituted by 2‐picoline, whereas the remaining center is substituted by a DMF molecule that migrates from the channel to the metal center (complex 9). Here, the lattice solvent molecules are substituted by 2‐picoline molecules. For the case of other bulky guests like benzonitrile or 2,6‐lutidine, both the metal centers are substituted by two DMF molecules, again migrating from the channel, and the lattice solvent molecules are substituted by these guest molecules (complex 10 and 11, respectively). A preferential substitution of pyridine over benzonitrile (complex 12) at the metal centers is observed only when the molar ratio of PhCN:Py is 95:5 or less. For the case of an aliphatic dimethylaminoacetonitrile guest, the metal centers remain unsubstituted (complex 13); rather substitutions of the lattice solvents by the guest molecules take place. All these phenomena are observed through single crystal to single crystal (SC–SC) phenomena.
BF3⋅OEt2‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reactions of Vinylidenecyclopropanes with Bis(p‐alkoxyphenyl)methanols: A Novel Cationic 1,4‐Aryl‐Migration Process
Authors: Wu Lei , Shi Min , Li Yuxue 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBF3⋅OEt2‐catalyzed reactions of vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs) 1 with bis(aryl)methanols 2 were thoroughly investigated. When VDCPs 1 reacted with electron‐rich bis(aryl)methanols 2, diastereomeric rotamers of indene derivatives formed in excellent yields by a novel cationic 1,4‐aryl migration between two carbon atoms and the subsequent intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction pathways in the presence of BF3⋅OEt2 under mild conditions. As for electron‐deficient or less‐electron‐rich bis(aryl)methanols 2, either trialkene products formed in good yields by direct deprotonation, or another type of indene derivative was produced by direct intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction, depending on the substituents on the cyclopropane of VDCPs. In addition, DFT calculations were carried out to explain the experimental results. Plausible mechanisms for all these transformations are proposed on the basis of the experimental and computational results.
Evolution of a Constitutional Dynamic Library Driven by Self‐Organisation of a Helically Folded Molecular Strand
Authors: Lao Luciana Lisa , Schmitt Jean‐Louis , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractConversion of macrocyclic imine entities into helical strands was achieved through three‐ and four‐component exchange reactions within constitutionally dynamic libraries. The generation of sequences of the intrinsic helicity codon, based on the hydrazone–pyrimidine fragment obtained by condensation of pyrimidine dialdehyde A with pyrimidine bis‐hydrazine B, shifted the equilibrium between all the possible macrocycles and strands towards the full expression (>98%) of helical product [A/B]. Furthermore, it was shown that chain folding accelerated the dynamic exchange reactions among the library members. Lastly, in four‐component experiments (involving A, B, E and either C or D), even though the macrocyclic entities ([A/C], [B/E]; [A/D], [B/E]) were the kinetically preferred products, over time dialdehyde A relinquished its initial diamine partners C or D to opt for bis‐hydrazine B, which allowed the preferential formation of the helically folded strand. The present results indicate that self‐organisation pressure was able to drive the dynamic system towards the selective generation of the strand undergoing helical folding.
A 4‐Hydroxypyrrolidine‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes: Control of anti‐Selectivity by Hydrogen Bonding Assisted by Brønsted Acids
Authors: Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , Maestro Miguel , Mielgo Antonia , Otazo Itziar , Palomo Claudio , Velilla Irene 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn anti‐selective Mannich reaction of aldehydes with N‐sulfonyl imines has been developed by using a 4‐hydroxypyrrolidine in combination with an external Brønsted acid. The catalyst design is based on three elements: the α‐substituent of the pyrrolidine, the 4‐hydroxy group, and the Brønsted acid, the combination of which is essential for high chemical and stereochemical efficiency. The reaction works with aromatic aldehyde‐derived imines, which have rarely been employed in previously reported enamine‐based anti‐Mannich reactions. Additionally, both N‐tosyl and N‐nosyl imines can be successfully used and the Mannich adducts can be easily reduced or oxidized, and after N‐deprotection the corresponding β‐amino acids and β‐amino alcohols can be obtained with good yields. The results also show that this ternary catalytic system may be practical in other enamine‐based reactions.
Trace Element Levels in the Groundwater of Mediterranean Coastal Plains – The Case of Silifke, Turkey
Authors: Yilmaz Turan , Seckin Galip , Sari Bulent 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Silifke plain is located near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Turkey. The delta in the plain is a highly fertile land that supports the agriculture of more than twenty types of crop. Some trace element content of the groundwater samples taken from the existing wells in this area are analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The mean levels (ppm) of boron (B), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), total chromium (TCr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) were obtained for the sampling points in the area for four seasons. Groundwater samples taken in the study area don't exhibit significantly elevated levels of these elements during a period of twelve months between December 2007 and November 2008. Furthermore, all of the elements exhibit values lower than 0.005 ppm, with the exception of B, Ba, and Fe. The results demonstrate that although these three elements produce the highest values, most are found to be appropriate for activities such as irrigation and human consumption in terms of trace elements.
Wavelet and Neuro‐fuzzy Conjunction Approach for Suspended Sediment Prediction
Authors: Rajaee Taher 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSimulation approaches employed in suspended sediment processes are important in the areas of water resources and environmental engineering. In the current study, neuro‐fuzzy (NF), a combination of wavelet transform and neuro‐fuzzy (WNF), multi linear regression (MLR), and the conventional sediment rating curve (SRC) models were considered for suspended sediment load (S) modeling in a gauging station in the USA. In the proposed WNF model, the discrete wavelet analysis was linked to a NF approach. To achieve this aim, the observed time series of river flow discharge (Q) and S were decomposed to sub time series at different scales by discrete wavelet transform. Afterwards, the effective sub time series were added together to obtain a useful Q and S time series for prediction. Eventually, the obtained total time series were imposed as inputs to the NF method for daily S prediction. The results illustrated that the predicted values by the proposed WNF model were in good agreement with the observed S values and gave better results than other models. Furthermore, the WNF model satisfactorily estimated the cumulative suspended sediment load and produced relatively reasonable predictions for extreme values of S, while NF, MLR, and SRC models provided unacceptable predictions.
Degradation of Rhodamine B and Safranin‐T by MoO3:CeO2 Nanofibers and Air Using a Continuous Mode
Authors: Zhao Shun , Li Junzi , Wang Lei , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne‐dimensional MoO3 nanofibers doped with Ce (MoO3 : CeO2) are synthesized by a method combining a sol‐gel process and an electrospinning technique. The resulting MoO3 : CeO2 is characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic degradation of rhodamine B and safranin‐T with MoO3 : CeO2 nanofiber catalyst is investigated in a continuous flowing mode using air (O2) as an oxidant. The results show that rhodamine B and safranin‐T are degraded effectively and the removal efficiencies are 98.3%, and 98.5%, respectively. In addition, the organic dyes are totally mineralized to simple inorganic species such as CO3–, Cl– and NO3–.
Regeneration and Reuse of a Seaweed‐Based Biosorbent in Single and Multi‐Metal Systems
Authors: Bakir Adil , McLoughlin Peter , Fitzgerald Eddy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA seaweed‐waste material resulting from the processing of Ascophyllum nodosum was previously shown to be very efficient at removing Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III) both in single and multi‐metal waste streams. In this study, the regeneration of the biosorbent using an acid wash resulted in the release of high metal concentrations during multiple desorption cycles. Maximum desorption efficiencies (DE) of 183, 122 and 91% were achieved for Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III), respectively, for subsequent metal loading cycles, significantly exceeding the desorption rates observed for conventional sorbents. The regeneration of the sorbent was accomplished with very little loss in metal removal efficiency (RE) for both single and multi‐metal systems. Values of 92, 96 and 94% RE were achieved for Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III), respectively, for the 5th sorption cycle in single metal aqueous solutions. A slight decrease was observed for the same metals in multi‐metal systems with maximum REs of 85, 82 and 82% for Zn(II), Ni(II) and Al(III), respectively. This study showed that the novel sorbent derived from a seaweed industrial waste would be suitable for multiple metal sorption cycles without any significant loss in RE.