bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Norman Andria L. , Crocker Nicole , Mattson Sarah N. , Riley Edward P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain include structural brain anomalies as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Initial neuroimaging studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed previous autopsy reports of overall reduction in brain volume and central nervous system (CNS) disorganization, with specific structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, caudate, and hippocampus. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed detection of regional increases in cortical thickness and gray matter volume along with decreased volume and disorganization of white matter in individuals with FASD. In addition, functional imaging studies have found functional and neurochemical differences in those prenatally exposed to alcohol. Behavioral alterations noted in individuals with FASD are consistent with the findings noted in the brain imaging studies. Continued neuroimaging studies are needed to further advance understanding of the neuroteratogenic effects of alcohol. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:209–217.
Neurocognitive profile in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Kodituwakku Piyadasa W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe question of whether children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit a unique neurocognitive profile has received considerable attention over the past three decades. The identification of a syndrome‐specific neurocognitive profile would aid in diagnosing prenatally exposed children with cognitive deficits who do not exhibit clinically discernable physical anomalies. The current review of the literature, therefore, focuses on the studies of higher‐order cognitive skills in children with FASDs with a view towards delineating a pattern of cognitive functioning. Researchers have documented that children with FASDs show diminished intellectual functioning, with average IQ scores falling within the borderline to low average ranges. Slow information processing and disturbances of attention have been observed from infancy through adulthood in individuals with FASDs. Clinical and experimental reports on individuals with FASD have documented marked deficits in executive functioning, particularly in tasks that involve holding and manipulating information in working memory. Studies examining specific domains of cognitive functioning such as language, visual perception, memory and learning, social functioning, and number processing in individuals with FASDs have revealed performance decrements associated with increased task complexity. The above findings converge on the conclusion that children with FASDs have a generalized deficit in the processing and integration of information. We recommend the study of developmental trajectories of both elementary and higher‐order functions in future research on FASD to elucidate the development of this cognitive profile. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:218–224.
Cell‐autonomous role of EphB2 and EphB3 receptors in the thymic epithelial cell organization
Authors: García‐Ceca Javier , Jiménez Eva , Alfaro David , Cejalvo Teresa , Muñoz Juan J. , Zapata Agustín G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe role of EphB2 and EphB3 in the organization of thymic epithelial cells has been studied in EphB‐deficient fetal thymus lobes grafted under the kidney capsule of WT mice. The deficient lobes, as compared with WT ones, showed altered distribution of medullary areas, shortening of medullary epithelial cell processes and presence of K5−K8− areas. EphB2 and EphB3 expressed on thymic epithelial cells play an autonomous role in their organization. The relevance of Eph/ephrinB forward and reverse signals for this process was evaluated in grafted fetal thymus lobes from mice expressing a truncated EphB2 receptor capable of activating reverse, but not forward, signaling. These deficient lobes showed important alterations of the thymic epithelial organization as compared with the grafted WT lobes, but a less severe phenotype than the grafted EphB2‐deficient thymus lobes, which confirms the relevance of EphB2 forward signal for the thymic epithelial organization but, also, a role of the reverse signaling in determining the final epithelial phenotype.
IL‐17 and IL‐22 mediate IL‐20 subfamily cytokine production in cultured keratinocytes via increased IL‐22 receptor expression
Authors: Tohyama Mikiko , Hanakawa Yasushi , Shirakata Yuji , Dai Xjuju , Yang Lujun , Hirakawa Satoshi , Tokumaru Sho , Okazaki Hidenori , Sayama Koji , Hashimoto Koji 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIL‐20 cytokine subfamily members, including IL‐19, IL‐20, and IL‐24, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. Here, we demonstrate that psoriasis mediators IL‐17 and IL‐22 synergistically induce the production of IL‐20 subfamily proteins in cultured human keratinocytes. Interestingly, expression of the IL‐22 receptor (IL‐22R) also increased in epidermal lesions versus normal skin. IL‐22R over‐expression using an adenoviral vector to mimic psoriatic conditions in cultured keratinocytes significantly enhanced IL‐17‐ and IL‐22‐induced production of IL‐20 subfamily cytokines. Furthermore, IL‐17 and IL‐22 coordinately enhanced MIP‐3α, IL‐8, and heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) production, depending on the amount of IL‐22R expression. Additionally, because IL‐20 and IL‐24 share the IL‐22R with IL‐22, the function of IL‐20 and IL‐24 was also increased. IL‐20 and IL‐24 have effects similar to that of IL‐22; IL‐24 showed more potent expression than IL‐20. A combination of IL‐24 and IL‐17 increased the production of MIP‐3α, IL‐8, and HB‐EGF, as did a combination of IL‐22 and IL‐17. These data indicate that increased IL‐22R expression in epidermal keratinocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis through enhancing the coordinated effects of IL‐22 and IL‐17, inducing the production of the IL‐20 subfamily, chemokines, and growth factors.
NK cells protect secondary lymphoid tissue from cytomegalovirus via a CD30‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Bekiaris Vasileios , Gaspal Fabrina , McConnell Fiona M. , Kim Mi‐Yeon , Withers David R. , Sweet Clive , Anderson Graham , Lane Peter J. L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe pathogenic outcomes of viral infection are often reminiscent of a dysfunctional immune system. Thus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes disruption of the lymphoid architecture and the functionality of lymphocytes, both of which are features of CD30 deficiency. It was therefore plausible that CD30 might interfere with CMV infection. The present study identifies CD30 as an inducible NK‐cell receptor critical for innate immunity against CMV. Expression of CD30 integrates survival signals to NK cells that allow them to prevent viral spread and subsequent disintegration of secondary lymphoid tissue. Deficiency in CD30 results in exaggerated NK cell death and complete abrogation of the lymphoid architecture. Our data define the necessity of NK cells for protection of secondary lymphoid organs and describe a mechanism by which this protection is conferred.
Ferromagnetic Coupling in a New Copper(II) Schiff Base Complex with Cubane Core: Structure, Magnetic Properties, DFT Study and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Thakurta Santarupa , Roy Partha , Butcher Ray J. , Salah El Fallah M. , Tercero Javier , Garribba Eugenio , Mitra Samiran 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new tetranuclear complex, [Cu4L4]·2H2O (1), has been synthesized from the self‐assembly of copper(II) perchlorate and the tridentate Schiff base ligand 4‐chloro‐2‐[(E)‐(2‐hydroxyethylimino)methyl]phenol (H2L). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that complex1consists of a Cu4O4cubane core where the four copper(II) centers are linked by μ3‐alkoxo bridges. Each CuIIion assumes a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry with CuNO4chromophore. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data exhibit distinct ferromagnetic exchange interaction, corroborating with the geometrical parameters of the structural unit. Theoretical calculations based on DFT method have been used to quantify the strength of the Cu···Cu magnetic interactions which help to evaluate the experimental coupling constants:J1= +64.8,J2= +24.4 andJ3= +3.0 cm–1. The EPR spectroscopy also gives some insight on the ferromagneticS= 2 ground state of1. In addition, detailed investigations have been carried out on the catalytic activity of the complex towards the oxidation of cycloalkanes using H2O2as terminal oxidant.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A New 2‐D Network Containing {As4V16O42(H2O)} Cluster Units
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Fang Wei‐Hui , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new polyoxometalate [Cd(dien)]2[Cd(dien)(H2O)]2[As4V16O42(H2O)]·2H2O (1, dien = diethylenetriamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 is the first example of 2‐D network based on the linkages of the rare {As4V16O42(H2O)} cluster units and two types of cadmium(II) complex fragments. The magnetic susceptibility shows the antiferromagnetic interaction between VIV cations in 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Hydrogen‐Bond Accepting Strength of Five‐Membered N‐Heterocycles:The Case of Substituted Phenylpyrrolines and Myosmines
Authors: Arnaud Virginie , Berthelot Michel , Felpin François‐Xavier , Lebreton Jacques , Le Questel Jean‐Yves , Graton Jérôme 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe hydrogen‐bond (HB)accepting strengths of a series of five‐membered N‐heterocycles have been measured in CCl4 solution and/or calculated by theoretical methods. These molecules present a great chemical versatility, ranging from very weak π bases up to strongly HB acceptors, imines and amines. Among these compounds, special attention has been paid to myosmines, which are bifunctional molecules containing two very similar pyridinic and pyrrolinic sp2 nitrogen atoms. Infrared measurements provided the global HB basicities of these molecules, but the individual accepting strength of each nitrogen atom could not be achieved experimentally and had to be determined by theoretical calculations. Owing to their flexibility, the geometries of their different isomers were optimized and their basicities weighted by the calculated relative populations. To accurately estimate the individual HB strength of a nitrogen site, it was necessary to take into account a specific halogen bond between the second nitrogen atom and a solvent molecule. 1‐Pyrroline is a significantly stronger base than pyridine, but irrespective of the substituent on the pyridine ring, the pyrrolinic site is always the weakest HB acceptor in the myosmine molecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of New Trifluoromethylated Hydroxyethylamine‐Based Scaffolds
Authors: Philippe Christine , Milcent Thierry , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tam , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Danièle 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA very easy access to new trifluoromethyl‐hydroxyethylamine (Tf‐HEA) derivatives by epoxide ring opening with amino‐containing compounds, including aliphatic amines, aniline, aqueous ammonia, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, amino acids and a dipeptide, is described herein. The reactions were carried out in protic solvents, without the use of any catalyst or any other additive. A comparison of the efficiency of water, fluorinated and non‐fluorinated alcohols as solvents is reported. Total regioselectivity is observed, and the stereochemistry of the compounds is preserved. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Bifunctional Metal Probe with Independent Signal Outputs and Regulable Detection Limits
Authors: Liu Huan‐huan , Chen Yi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA bifunctional metal detection system with independent signal outputs and regulable detection limits was developed by using a photochromic diarylethene with an imidazole unit as the ligand. The sensor can be used for the detection of Cu2+ by fluorescence recognition and for the detection of Na+ or K+ by colorimetric recognition. Moreover, the amount of component of the probe can be modulated and manipulated by photomodulation, which results in changes in the upper detectable limits; this enlarges the window of detectable limits for metal ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Generation and Reactivity of 1,2‐Cyclohexadiene under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Quintana Iago , Peña Diego , Pérez Dolores , Guitián Enrique 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn improved method to generate 1,2‐cyclohexadienes by fluoride‐induced β‐elimination of 6‐(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexenyl triflates is presented. This method allows the generation of these highly strained cyclic allenes in good yields and under mild reaction conditions, as demonstrated by trapping experiments based on cycloaddition reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Detection of Aluminum Chlorohydrate Content in Antiperspirant Deodorants Using Screen‐Printed Silver Electrodes by One Drop Analysis
Authors: Zen Jyh‐Myng , Yang Ting‐Hao , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Chen Yu‐Ju , Hsu Jaw‐Cherng , Shih Ying 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAluminum chlorohydrate (Al2(OH)5Cl⋅2H2O, ACH) is an active ingredient in many antiperspirants and deodorants formulation to reduce the body odors (mainly sweat) through interaction with apocrine sweat glands to produce insoluble aluminum hydroxide and free chloride, which then plugs the sweat gland that stops the flow of sweat to the skin's surface. We demonstrated here an one drop (50 μL) electrochemical sensing of the ACH using an in‐built three screen‐printed electrodes assembly containing Ag as working and pseudo reference and carbon as counter electrode system (AgSPE). The free Cl− ion librated from ACH/H2O reaction was detected at AgSPE surface at 0.072 V vs. pseudo Ag reference electrode system in pH 2 phosphate solution by Cyclic voltammetric Technique. Under optimal working condition the AgSPE shows a linear calibration plot in the window of 30–2000 ppm of ACH with sensitivity and regression values of 0.104 μA/ppm and 0.998 respectively. Calculated detection limit is 3.03 ppm. RSD values of intra‐ and interassays were 0.19% and 2.79% respectively. Finally, real sample (antiperspirant deodorant lotions) assays were successfully demonstrated with results comparable to the predicted values.
Selective Detection of Uric Acid in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Dopamine Using Polymerized Luminol Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Kumar S. Ashok , Cheng Hui‐Wen , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractElectrochemically polymerized luminol film on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface has been used as a sensor for selective detection of uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA). Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the poly(luminol) film modified electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used for surface characterizations. The bare GCE failed to distinguish the oxidation peaks of AA, DA and UA in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), while the poly(luminol) modified electrode could separate them efficiently. In differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements, the modified GCE could separate AA and DA signals from UA, allowing the selective determination of UA. Using DPV, the linear range (3.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−3 M) and the detection limit (2.0×10−6 M) were estimated for measurement of UA in physiological condition. The applicability of the prepared electrode was demonstrated by measuring UA in human urine samples.
Laccase Based Synergistic Electrocatalytical System
Authors: Kulys Juozas , Vidziunaite Regina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBioelectrodes employing the conversion of N‐substituted phenothiazine/hexacyanoferrate(II) and N‐substituted phenoxazine/hexacyanoferrate(II) that act as synergistic substrates were built using graphite electrode and recombinant laccase. The response of the bioelectrodes to low reactive substrate (hexacyanoferrate(II)) increases 2.9–97 times in presence of high reactive phenothiazine or phenoxazine mediator. The sensitivity of the bioelectrodes reaches 0.5–14.3 A/M⋅cm2. To background a scheme of bioelectrodes action the kinetics of laccase‐catalyzed synergistic substrates oxidation was investigated in homogenous solution. A satisfactory agreement of experimentally determined rate constants and calculated using parameters of bioelectrocatalytical system confirms the scheme of bioelectrodes action.
Performance of mix‐impregnated CeO2‐Ni/YSZ Anodes for Direct Oxidation of Methane in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Qiao J. , Zhang N. , Wang Z. , Mao Y. , Sun K. , Yuan Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCeO2‐Ni/YSZ anodes for methane direct oxidation were prepared by the vacuum mix‐impregnation method. By this method, NiO and CeO2 are obtained from nitrate decomposition and high temperature sintering is avoided, which is different from the preparation of conventional Ni‐yttria‐stabilised zirconia(YSZ) anodes. Impregnating CeO2 into the anode can improve the cell performance, especially, when CH4 is used as fuel. The investigation indicated that CeO2‐Ni/YSZ anodes calcined at higher temperature exhibited better stability than those calcined at lower temperature. Under the testing temperature of 1,073 K, the anode calcined at 1,073 K exhibited the best performance. The maximum power density of a cell with a 10 wt.‐%CeO2‐25 wt.‐%Ni anode calcined at 1,073 K reached 480 mW cm–2 after running on CH4 for 5 h. At the same time, high discharge current favoured cell operation on CH4 when using these anodes. No obvious carbon was found on the CeO2‐Ni anode after testing in CH4 as revealed from SEM and corresponding linear EDS analysis. In addition, cell performance decreased at the beginning of discharge testing which was attributed to the anode microstructure change observed with SEM.
Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic eosinophilic leukaemia (CEL) harbouring FIP1L1‐PDGFRA fusion transcript—results of Polish multicentre study
Authors: Helbig Grzegorz , Moskwa Andrzej , Hus Marek , Piszcz Jarosław , Swiderska Alina , Urbanowicz Alina , Całbecka Małgorzata , Gajkowska Justyna , Seferyńska Ilona , Hałasz Magdalena , Woszczyk Dariusz , Markiewicz Miroslaw , Krzemień Sławomira 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA small subgroup of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) demonstrates imatinib‐sensitive fusion transcript—the FIP1L1‐PDGFRA (F/P+). These cases are currently diagnosed as chronic eosinophilic leukaemia (CEL). In this paper, we screened 77 patients to estimate the frequency of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA transcript among patients with unexplained, long‐term hypereosinophilia exceeding 1.5 × 109/L and to analyse the clinical and serological features in F/P+ CEL population. The FIP1L1‐PDGFRA chimeric protein was detectable in 16 (14 males and 2 females) out of 77 examined HES patients (20%) by RT‐PCR. Two patients suffered from cough at diagnosis. Three out of 16 (18%) patients had no organ involvements, in 5‐one organ was affected and in the remaining eight cases—at least two. Eosinophilic organ damage/dysfunction identified splenomegaly in the majority of studied patients. We compared clinical and serological features between CEL F/P+ (n = 16) and HES (n = 61) patients. F/P+ cases had significantly increased WBC and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) at diagnosis (p = 0.008 and 0.02), whereas platelet count was decreased in this population (p = 0.03). Serum B12 and tryptase levels were increased (p = 0.002 and 0.004) in CEL F/P+ patients when compared to HES cases whereas serum IL‐5 levels were significantly increased in the latter group (p = 0.01). Male gender and splenomegaly occurred more frequent in CEL F/P+ population (p = 0.002 and 0.0007, respectively). Additionally, patients with F/P+ CEL (n = 16) were compared with F/P− CEL (n = 8). The latter group, was significantly older, had lower AEC and higher platelet count. In conclusion, significant clinical symptoms are infrequent present and splenomegaly remains the most common organ involvement in patients with CEL expressing F/P fusion transcript. Our study confirmed the long‐term remission on imatinib in this patient population. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geographic variation and environmental conditions as cofactors in Chlamydia psittaci association with ocular adnexal lymphomas: a comparison between Italian and African samples
Authors: Carugi Alessandro , Onnis Anna , Antonicelli Giuseppina , Rossi Benedetta , Mannucci Susanna , Luzzi Anna , Lazzi Stefano , Bellan Cristiana , Tosi Gian Marco , Sayed Shaheen , De Falco Giulia , Leoncini Lorenzo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA particular extra‐nodal lymphoma type arises from B cells of the marginal zone (MZ) of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The aetiology of MZ lymphomas suggests that they are associated with chronic antigenic stimulation by microbial pathogens, among which Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric MALT lymphoma is the best studied. Recently, MALT lymphomas have been described in the context of chronic conjunctivitis, which can be associated with Chlamydia spp. infection. Studies from Italy showed the presence of Chlamydia psittaci in 87% of ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL), and C. psittaci has been described in a large part of samples from Austria and Korea as well. However, this finding was not always confirmed by other studies, suggesting that the association with C. psittaci may depend on geographic heterogeneity. Interestingly, none of the studies up to now has been carried out in the African population, where a strong association between infectious agents and the occurrence of human neoplasms has been reported. This study was designed to investigate the possible association of Chlamydia psittaci in cases retrieved from Kenya, compared to cases from Italy. Our results showed that there was a marked variation between the two geographical areas in terms of association with C. psittaci, as 17% (5/30) of the samples from Italy were positive for C. psittaci, whereas no association with this pathogen was observed in any of the African samples (0/9), suggesting that other cofactors may determine the OAL occurrence in those areas. OAL cases are often characterized by down‐regulation of p16/INK4a expression and promoter hypermethylation of the p16/INK4a gene. Our results showed a partial methylation of p16/INK4a promoter in C. psittaci‐negative cases, whereas no hypermethylation of this gene was found in C. psittaci‐positive cases, suggesting that mechanisms other than promoter hypermethylation lead to p16/INK4a silencing in C. psittaci‐positive cases. We may conclude that the role of epidemiologic, environmental and genetic factors, must be considered in the aetiology of this disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distal goal and proximal goal transfer of training interventions in an executive education program
Authors: Brown Travor C. , Warren Amy M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study assessed transfer from a customized executive training program involving 89 public sector employees. Participants who set a distal goal had higher self‐efficacy than those in both the “do your best” (DYB) and the proximal plus distal goal conditions. Participants who set proximal plus distal goals had higher maintenance than those who set distal outcome goals, and those who were urged to DYB. The distal goal participants had a higher level of applied generalization than their DYB counterparts. Maintenance did not differ between DYB and distal goal conditions.