bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recumbent folds between Glen Roy and Lismore
Authors: Hickman A. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Moinian and Lower Dalradian metasediments between Glen Roy and Lismore are folded by structures belonging to two main phases of deformation. D1 folds are isoclinal and regionally recumbent whereas D2 folds are tight to isoclinal and upright.
New information indicates that two structures previously regarded as major recumbent synclines can no longer be accepted as D1 folds. One, the Ballachulish Syncline, was postulated on false stratigraphic criteria and is considered to be non-existent. The other, the Appin Synform, is a D2 fold which locally refolds D1 isoclines, an example being the Balygrundle Syncline† on Lismore.
Recumbent folds up to 20 km in amplitude are confined to the area between Kinlochleven and Loch Treig where the Treig Syncline† underlines the Kinlochleven Anticline. Both these structures are refolded by the Blackwater Synform and the Inverlair Antiform†.
(†Structure described for the first time)
Correlation of metamorphic fabrics and the age of Lewisian metasediments near Loch Maree
Authors: Crane A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Various views have been expressed concerning the age of the Lewisian metasediments and associated basites (Gleann Tulacha metasediments and Beinn Airigh Charr basite) near Loch Maree. Interpretation of their chronological status is complicated by:– (i) the absence of Scourie dykes intrusive in the metasediment-basite association. (ii) tectonic dislocation between the metasediment-basite outcrops and the surrounding gneissose complex.
Fabric analysis, with particular emphasis on shape-fabric anisotropy, shows that two NW–SE foliation-producing events in the gneissose complex were separated by Scourie-dyke emplacement. These foliations (coded S5 and S6) are respectively correlated with Late Scourian (Inverian) and Early Laxfordian structures elsewhere in the Lewisian.
Fabric and structural sequences in the metasediment-basite association are compared with those of the gneisses. It is concluded that Late Scourian metamorphism and deformation have affected the metasediments and associated basites. Similar findings were obtained from a narrow tract of metasediments and basites near Gruinard Bay (the Gruinard metasediment-basite association). These Gruinard rocks are probably the stratigraphical equivalents of the Loch Maree Group and contain S5 foliation cut by members of the Scourie-dyke swarm.
Absence of high grade Early Scourian (Badcallian) fabrics and structures in both the Gruinard and Loch Maree metasediment-basite associations is considered to be indicative of their post-Badcallian origin.
It is thus concluded that the metasediments near Loch Maree represent a post-Badcallian supracrustal cover which experienced penetrative metamorphism and deformation prior to Scourie-dyke emplacement.
The limit of the Loch Lomond Advance in Glen Roy and vicinity
Authors: Sissons J. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The limit of the Loch Lomond Advance in an area extending from the Great Glen to the uplands around Loch Laggan is mapped and the evidence for the limit is described. In the north-eastern part of the area, despite high ground, only small glaciers were nourished. On part of the northern slope of the Ben Nevis range some corries lacked glaciers. In contrast major glaciers, up to 700 m thick, developed in uplands to the west and south-west and flowed into the area under consideration. Such differences imply pronounced contrasts in the distribution of snowfall and were a major factor in the development of ice-dammed lakes in Glen Roy and adjacent glens.
A Devensian Medial Moraine in Jura
Authors: Dawson Alastair G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On the western side of Jura, there exists a remarkable 3.5 km linear suite of parallel boulder belts. The feature originates at 450 m O.D. at the western foot of Beinn an Oir, one of the Paps of Jura, and extends seaward to 30 m O.D. where it ends at a shallow lochan that lies at the junction between the feature and a high late-glacial marine shoreline. The boulder complex is composed in places of up to 4 parallel lines of dominantly angular Dalradian quartzite blocks (the local bedrock), each line rarely exceeding 27 m in width and 2.5 m in vertical thickness. The boulders, including several erratics, range from 0.2 to 1.3 m in length and are here interpreted as a large medial moraine that formed during the waning of the Devensian ice sheet in western Scotland.
Age of the Glen Dessary Syenite, Inverness-shire: diachronous Palaeozoic metamorphism Across the Great Glen
Authors: van Breemen O. , Aftalion Margaret , Pankhurst R. J. , Richardson S. W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Apparently igneous zircons from the Glen Dessary syenite complex give concordant U-Pb ages averaging 456 ± 5 Ma which is taken to date crystallization. The complex was deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies subsequent to emplacement so that this age is a maximum for these orogenic events in the western Moine Series. Other age data indicate that amphibolite facies conditions associated with pegmatite emplacement continued until ca. 430 Ma contrasting with the north-east Highlands where tectonism and metamorphism was completed by 460 Ma ago. The disparity between hornblende and mica K-Ar ages suggests that cooling from 500 to 300°C took about 20 Ma. Higher blocking temperatures are indicated for U-Pb in monazite and sphene than for U-Pb in apatite.
Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Old Red Sandstone basin in the western Midland Valley
Authors: Morton D. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Lower Old Red Sandstone rocks in the western Midland Valley form a red-bed sequence of probable alluvial origin. They accumulated in a NE-SW elongated basin linked in its early stages of development with similar depositional conditions in North Argyll. The basin, whilst changing its morphology with time, maintained a regional south-westerly dipping palaeoslope with deposition in a longitudinally draining floodplain environment replaced by laterally draining alluvial fans close to the inferred northern margins of the basin. A lithostratigraphy is proposed within which rocks are attributed to four distinct groups corresponding to those recognized in the NE Midland Valley. Within this lithostrarigraphical framework changes in sedimentation, palaeogeography and tectonic controls can be studied through time. The sedimentation time-trends suggest that along the northern margin deposition was controlled by faulting which, west of Loch Lomond, probably occurred along small normal faults shifting their location with time. Any extension of the Highland Boundary Fault into this western area was ineffective as a major feature either controlling deposition or defining the basin margins.
The Grampide Andalusite/Kyanite Isograd
Authors: Chinner G. A. , Heseltine F. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Separation of ‘regional’ from ‘contact’ andalusite in the vicinity of the newer granite intrusions of Aberdeenshire suggests that the andalusite/kyanite isograd runs as far south as Glen Callater before turning north east to pass along Deeside. The nature of the critical conjunction between this ‘solid’ isograd and the ‘dehydration’ kyanite isograd is still obscure but if we assume the Battock intrusion to have wedged the two apart, then both would dip to the north, the kyanite isograd surface therefore being inverted.
The chilled margin of the Ben Buie layered gabbro, Isle of Mull
Authors: Skelhorn R. R. , Henderson Paul , Walsh J. N. , Longland P. J. N. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The chilled margin is of tholeiite basalt composition, and the chondrite-normalized rare-earth element pattern is almost flat with a slight light rare-earth depletion. The composition has affinities with a number of other rocks in the Tertiary Igneous Province including some of the Preshal Mhor type dykes, Skye, and is further evidence for the possibly important role of high-calcium, low-alkali, tholeiite magma in the generation of major intrusions in the Province.
The geology of the Firth of Lorne, as determined by seismic and dive sampling methods
Authors: Barber P. L. , Dobson M. R. , Whittington R. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Marine studies in the Firth of Lorne have revealed the presence of heterogeneous basement and a constricted yet complex sedimentary basin. A total of forty three dive, dredge and borehole samples has allowed both the basement, which consists largely of Moinian, Torridonian and Old Red Sandstone, and the basin itself to be mapped.
Using the criteria first employed by Kennedy to identify the line of the Great Glen fault, the course of the structure is extended along the Firth. Divergent fault splays with normal throw probably emanate from the principal Great Glen structure and in turn control the size and nature of the basin. The fill includes proven Triassic and Jurassic together with probable Cretaceous and Tertiary and a complex Quaternary sequence. Permo-Triassic syndepositional movements and late Kimmerian adjustments, together with mid-Tertiary activity are thought to have been the main periods of movement affecting the region.
Structures at the south-western margin of the Glencoe fault intrusion on An-t-Sron
Authors: Bussell M. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Injection of early felsitic material was followed by the formation of an inward dipping coarse breccia zone with granitic permeations. A later phase of brecciation involved the injection of a mixture of fine-grained dioritic material and finely granulated schist, bearing abundant small schist fragments. Finally, the fault intrusion was emplaced as a crystal mush. A model of the intrusion process along this caldera hinge zone is presented, which involves the successive explosive advance of magmas from a gravity stratified chamber.
Surface features of heavy mineral grains from Palaeocene sands of the central North Sea
Authors: Morton Andrew C. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Scanning electron microscopy has revealed both mechanically and chemically produced surface textures on heavy mineral grains from Palaeocene sands of the central North Sea basin. Chemical activity initially modified irregular surfaces, producing mamillae. Further solution produced regular facets, the dimensions of which increase with intensity of etching. Variations in composition of the connate waters are thought responsible for slight variations in etching style.
Mechanically-produced surface features similar to those seen on quartz grains, including breakage blocks, V-shaped indentations, grooves, upturned cleavage plates and conchoidal fractures, mostly originated in a pre-Palaeocene phase of sedimentation. The possibility of retention of pre-existing surface textures on grains during the sedimentation process must therefore be considered when using such textures in palaeoenvironmental interpretation.
The Loch Lomond Advance on the Island of Rhum
Authors: Ballantyne C. K. , Wain-Hobson T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On the Island of Rhum evidence is described for the former existence of eleven Loch Lomond Advance glaciers, nine in the Rhum Cuillin and two in the western hills, and is employed as the basis of a reconstruction of the area, volume, equilibrium firn line altitude and potential direct insolation received for each glacier at its maximal extent. Relict blockfields and associated large-scale patterned ground in upland areas not occupied by glacier ice during the Loch Lomond Stadial indicate that these areas were underlain by permafrost and subject to intensive frost action at this time. The distribution of the glaciers suggests that, as on the neighbouring island of Skye, the principal snow-bearing winds at the time of glacier accumulation were from the S. The balance between snowfall and insolation appears to have been most favourable for glacier accumulation in locations with aspects between W and NW and between E and NE.
Palaeogeographic setting of the Wrae Limestone: an Ordovician submarine-slide deposit in Tweeddale
Authors: Leggett J. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Wrae Limestone occurs in association with alkaline lava and tuff as a thin horizon within Ordovician greywackes in Tweeddale. The limestone, containing a shallow-water fauna, occurs as clasts ranging in size up to large boulders several metres across, variously set in a muddy grit, clastic breccia, or tuff matrix. The greywackes of Tweeddale were deposited by mass-flow processes in deep water, and the limestone breccia was probably introduced into this environment by debris flow from a volcanic palaeo-high. The intimate association of tuff and limestone suggests that volcanic activity in the source area may have initiated the submarine sliding. Following recent plate tectonic models it is suggested that the original volcanic edifice is either not exposed at the present level of exposure in the Southern Uplands, or was not detached from the descending oceanic plate during subduction.
The Wrae Limestone occurs within a distinctive group of shaly mudstones and associated fine-grained and pebbly greywackes, known as the Lowther Shales. This unit is well-developed for several kilometres to the north of the Ordovician/Silurian boundary along a strip of the Northern Belt which extends from the Lowther Hills to the Moorfoot Hills. Sparse fossil evidence suggests that it is in large part of Upper Caradoc age. As with the majority of greywacke units in the Southern Uplands, biostratigraphic control is inadequate for the Lowther Shales association to merit formational status. On the grounds of its lithological heterogeneity, it is suggested that the unit is best renamed the Lowther Beds.
Distinctive pebbles as indicators of Dalradian provenance
Authors: Anderton R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Ferruginous chert or jasper pebbles are described from the Jura Quartzite in Argyll. Very similar pebbles have been found in the Torridon Group and the Quartzite may therefore be partially derived from such late Proterozoic sediments. The ultimate source of the pebbles is considered to be an early Proterozoic iron-formation which lay in the area of the present Scotland-Greenland continental margin. The Jura Quartzite and other Dalradian psammites may have been derived from a largely sedimentary source area to the NW of their present outcrop, their mineralogical maturity resulting from sedimentary recycling. In contrast, the Port Askaig Tillite was probably derived from an igneous and metamorphic source area to the SE with the possible implication that the Iapetus Ocean did not start to open until Argyll Group times or later.
Basaltic macadam-breccias in the Girvan-Ballantrae Complex, Ayrshire
Authors: Lewis A. D. , Bloxam T. W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Many supposed “volcanic agglomerates and tuffs” in the Girvan-Ballantrae complex of southern Ayrshire are considered to be non-pyroclastic in origin. These macadam breccias are accumulations of lava breccia derived mainly from the autoclastic disintegration of pillow basalts during, or shortly after, extrusion. The breccia-forming process is considered to be mainly a function of supercooling, glass formation and retention of volatiles, all of-which are directly related to external hydrostatic pressure.
Stratigraphy of the lower Calciferous Sandstone Measures in Fife
Authors: Browne M. A. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Balcomie Beds of east Fife, formerly classified in the Upper Old Red Sandstone, are now considered to be of the same general age as the lithologically similar Downie's Loup Sandstones of Stirling and the Calcareous sandstones of west Fife. It therefore follows that Ballagan Beds (cementstones) may be present at depth at Balcomie. It is suggested that all three fluvial sandstone formations formed as a result of mid-Dinantian earth movements which caused a reduction in the size of the early Dinantian sedimentary basin.
In the extremely attenuated Calciferous Sandstone Measures sequence in the Lomond Hills a poor miospore assemblage supports the contention put forward on lithological grounds that only the Pathhead Beds of east Fife are present and that one or more major disconformities of mid-Dinantian age exist there.
The Inner Moray Firth Central Ridge, a geophysical interpretation
Authors: Dimitropoulos K. , Donato J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Institute of Geological Sciences has acquired gravity, multichannel seismic and aeromagnetic data covering the Inner Moray Firth sedimentary basin. The seismic data reveal a Permian-Cretaceous sequence up to 5 km thick, in which the deposition was fault controlled. With the help of well data, the gravity effect of the sediments is removed to leave a residual anomaly of approximately −23 mGal. Once corrected for regional effects, this anomaly is interpreted in terms of a Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) basin and an underlying granite. The presence of the latter is consistent with magnetic data and may be the cause of an uplift in the centre of the basin.
Microfossils from the Aultbea Formation, Torridon Group, on Tanera Beg, Summer Isles
Authors: Zhang Z. , Diver W. L. , Grant P. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A biota of sphaeromorph and nematomorph cryptarchs has been discovered in a grey shale unit of the Aultbea Formation, on Tanera Beg, Summer Isles. The grey shale unit is 4.9 m thick but microfossils are contained only within very thin fine grained intercalated laminae. The composition and lithological association of the biota suggests sedimentological control of its character.
Jasper pebbles in the Dalradian at the Highland Border
Authors: Henderson W. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Southern Highland Group (Upper Dalradian) conglomerates at the Highland Border contain subangular jasper pebbles, probably derived from a Precambrian iron-formation. The angularity of these pebbles suggests iron-formation rocks were formerly present in the source area for the Southern Highland Group. This source area is now concealed beneath the Midland Valley or possibly the Grampian Highlands. Jasper pebbles in the Torridon Group were probably derived from another, though petrographically similar, iron-formation to the NW of Scotland. Rounded jaspers in the Dalradian, therefore, are not distinctive of one particular source area, as has been recently proposed.
The ‘Pliocene’ gravels of Buchan: a reappraisal
Authors: Kesel Richard H. , Gemmell Alastair M. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Detailed investigations of the sedimentary characteristics and composition of the so-called ‘Pliocene’ gravels of Buchan reveal them to belong to lithologically distinctive units. One unit, called the Windy Hills Gravels, is composed of gravels containing 80 to 90 per cent rounded quartzite clasts set in a sandy matrix. The bedding characteristics, gravel imbrication and granulometric analyses indicate that this deposit is of fluvial or fluvio-glacial origin deposited by a flow emanating from a westerly or northwesterly source. The other unit, the Cruden Flint Gravels, is composed of flint and quartzite cobbles set in a sand to clay matrix with interbedded sands. This unit is considered to be of glacial and fluvio-glacial origin. Present evidence does not allow precise dating of the units, but they are suggested to be late Pliocene or early Pleistocene in age.
A revision of C. F. Davidson's arctic fauna from Inchcoonans Claypit, Errol, held by the Museum and Art Gallery, Perth
Authors: Graham D. K. , Gregory D. M. 
Published: January 2010

SynopsisRecent infilling of the Inchcoonans Claypit and the apparent scarcity of fossils in the Errol beds (Pleistocene) elsewhere in the type area have made Davidson's collection in the Museum and Art Gallery, Perth, especially valuable. The cold water fauna described by Davidson (Trans. Proc. Perthsh. Soc. Nat. Sci.,9, 58–68; 1932) has been re-examined and a revised list of species is presented. Microfaunas recovered from hitherto unprocessed clay samples in the Davidson collection are also listed.
An occurrence of Lower Carboniferous lavas at Monksgrave (Powmill) near Dollar
Authors: Browne M. A. E. , Thirlwall M. F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Volcanic rocks exposed at Monksgrave which were formerly assigned to the Lower Devonian Ochil Volcanic Formation are now assigned to the Lower Carboniferous Clyde Plateau volcanic rocks. The new correlation is made on the basis of chemical and lithological similarities of the Monksgrave rocks to Lower Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the neighbouring Cleish Hills.
Glossary of Scottish mineral species 1981
Authors: MACPHERSON H. G. , LIVINGSTONE A. 
Published: January 2010

SYNOPSIS
A glossary of Scottish mineral species, listing some 443 mineral names, and containing 399 valid species has been Compiled to fulfil a long recognized need. Wherever possible x-ray diffraction and chemical data have been used in the selection of the species. Entries for the glossary have been derived from an extensive literature survey, examination of many specimens from various museums and from data provided by individuals. The value of museum collections in works of this nature is highlighted, for without them coverage would be inadequate. Modern nomenclature in reference works is used as a yardstick for species status, but in some instances personal decisions had to be taken regarding the status of certain minerals. The mineral lists of Heddle have been revised and are now accredited with 162 valid species; this forms the nucleus of the glossary. Entries follow a standard sequence of name, ideal formula, crystal system, assemblage and locality details, except for Heddle entries. The first, or earliest found, reference is given for minerals discovered after 1901. Some minerals well entrenched in the literature are unsubstantiated. The glossary is accompanied by a text and three appendices, viz, minerals grouped anionically; mineral groups; and minerals which were discovered first in Scotland. Some 15 per cent of the species listed in this glossary have not been recorded previously for the United Kingdom.
Tectonic sliding within the Moinian Loch Eil Division near Kinlocheil, W. Inverness-shire
Authors: Strachan R. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Recent mapping within the Moinian Loch Eil Division of West Inverness-shire has resulted in the erection of a lithostratigraphic succession for the Kinlocheil area which has been subdivided into psammitic, quartzitic and semi-pelitic formations. A series of tectonic slides have been identified within the lower stratigraphic levels of the Loch Eil Division. These slides formed at an early stage in the structural history of the Loch Eil Division, preceding major folding during the Grampian event. Sliding in the Na-h-Uamachan-Gulvain area, north of Loch Eil, has resulted in the interleaving of Glenfinnan and Loch Eil Division rocks. Structural considerations indicate that the stratigraphic level at which sliding occurred was probably controlled by an early-formed “steep belt” within a broadly sub-horizontal succession. Within this structure “older” rocks have been thrust over “younger” and vice versa during westerly-directed movement along slides.
Recent excavations at the Greensand locality of Moreseat, Grampian Region
Authors: Hall A. M. , Connell E. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Recent excavations at the Greensand locality of Moreseat, Grampian Region are described. The Greensand is thought to occur in several small, isolated, erratic masses. The erratics were probably derived from the Moray Firth basin and may have been glacially transported to the site prior to the Devensian cold stage.