bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of rutin on memory retrieval in normal rats
Authors: Nassiri-Asl M. , Zamansoltani F. , Javadi A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionVarious synthetic derivatives of natural flavonoids are known to have neuroactive properties.ObjectivesIt has been reported that rutin (3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-pentahydroxy flavone-3-rhamnoglucoside) has several pharmacological properties and it was found to be a neuroprotective agent.AimsTo investigate the effects of rutin, a flavonoid that is an important dietary constituent of foods and plant-based beverages, on memory retrieval in rats.MethodsWe assessed the effect of rutin on memory retrieval using a step- through passive avoidance task. Control (saline, 0.1 ml/100 g body weight) and rutin (5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) one week before the start of training. Three retention tests were performed to assess memory in rats.ResultsRutin (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the step-through latency of the passive avoidance response compared to the control in the three retention tests of the passive avoidance paradigm. These results indicate that rutin has a potential role in enhancing memory retrieval.ConclusionsIt is possible that rutin acts by several mechanisms, mediating a potential role in memory retrieval in rats. This result supports the potential beneficial effects of rutin as a dietary supplement on memory retrieval in a passive avoidance task.
Selective attention and inhibitory control in acquired blind individuals
Authors: Nejati V. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimBlindness cause functional and structural change in brain. The aim of this study is evaluation and comparison of selective attention and inhibition in acquired blinds and matched sightedMethodForty five Acquired Blinds of war veteran and fifty six healthy volunteers participated in this cross sectional study. Auditory Stroop Test is used for evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control. Independent T Test was used for comparing blind with sighted.ResultsFindings show significant difference between two groups so that sighted subjects have higher performance in accuracy and reaction time of all stage of stroop task.ConclusionWe concluded that acquired blinds didn’t have any preference in selective attention and inhibitory control versus matched sighted.
Working with cultural diverse persons involved in law and mental health - cultural competency training manual
Authors: Chow W. , Sadavoy J. , Wong J. 
Published: May 2011

The goal of this presentation is to introduce a new “Cultural Competency Training/Manual (CCTP) for Law and Mental Health professionals Working with persons involved with law and mental health” sponsored by a grant from the Law Foundation of Ontario and department of psychiatry of Mount Sinai Hospital.The manual is qualitative which includes conducting a literature review, facilitation of multi-stakeholder focus groups, and interviewed key stakeholders, consultation with clinical staff from the Mount Sinai Hospital and other Court Support programs, to address the key challenges in working with culturally diverse persons involved with law and mental health. In the oral presentation, we will present key themes on the challenges in dealing with culturally-diverse persons involved in law and mental health. The themes were consistent with the literature, evidence-based research, and validated by actual provider experience. They include language and communication, mistrust of mainstream services, racism and discrimination, resistance from persons involved with law and mental health and their families, and the need for cultural competency practices, such as interpretation, cultural understanding, community and systemic support. With these themes in mind, we will demonstrate the application of practical skills and cultural competencies using vignettes. A cultural competency model of working with culturally diverse persons involved in law and mental health and the five key responsibilities will be introduced. They include the following domains: language and communication, system support and navigation, education and advocacy, and collaboration.
The mental health needs of asylum seekers and refugees in Ireland
Authors: Datta A. , Frewen J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAsylum seekers and refugees (ASR) are commonly portrayed as opportunists who came to Ireland to fraudulently scrounge off the Irish public. Such views and the consequent exclusion and discrimination they experience can aggravate their mental health risks and reduce their willingness to seek professional help.ObjectivesTo identify the mental health risks faced by ASR and outline specific measures to improve their situation.AimsThrough available hardcopy and online literature1/Assess and evaluate impact of asylum seeking and refugee integration process on ASR psychiatric problems in Ireland.2/Assess and evaluate knowledge and understanding of ASR mental health status; effects of segregation from local communities due to living in isolated ‘centres’ and no employment entitlement; communication and cultural integration difficulties; impact of exclusion and/or (racial) discrimination; apprehension of alien mental health system and treatment process; differing outcome expectations held by ASR and mental health specialists; and fear of being stigmatised by peers.MethodsRigorous review of relevant and applicable hardcopy and internet literature in English language since 2000.ResultsASR mental health problems associated are generally multi-dimensional. In addition to ‘normal’ stresses, many ASR are haunted by past hardships, experience exclusion and integration difficulties and endure a highly stressful asylum process.ConclusionASR require additional, specifically targeted mental health assistance and services that respect and understand their particular needs. Mental health services should work with the asylum process and other relevant socio-economic sectors to develop programmes to tackle potential ASR mental health concerns.
Culture, vultures and the politics of post-neoliberalism a foot sodier’s perspective
Authors: Goel D. 
Published: May 2011

AimsTo review the current status, directions and distortions in the field of culture and mental health, and their interface with politics.Background reviewArising from the ruins of Adam Smith's shattered capitalist dream, shattered by the Great Depression, Keynesenian economics underpinned post-neoliberal thought and shaped politics, culture and science in ways few could have imagined.Biomedical science did not remain immune, and mental health provided a soft target to political activists and reformers. Research evidence relating to ethnic variations in the prevalence, pathways to care and outcomes in schizophrenia, generated from epidemiological studies on migrant populations and a series of WHO-sponsored cross-cultural studies, has become enmeshed in the dialectic around alleged institutional racism in psychiatry, with deeply entrenched and highly adversarial posturing on both sides.MethodExamine research evidence linking schizophrenia and culture, and how the politics of post-neoliberalism impacts scientific inquiry, with illustrations from different countries, and attempt to identify islands of credible research and outline possible future directions.ResultsFragmented and often contradictory evidence in this area does not lend itself to coherent inferences, with the problem being compounded by allegations of institutional racism.ConclusionsThere are many unanswered questions:•Does cultural research improve clinical practice?•Or does it merely distract attention from core/ important secular issues?•Does it tend to demonise mainstream services and alienate ethnic minority patients?•Does what some term cultural gimmickry serve a hidden political agenda?•Has cultural research evidence lead to meaningful macro or micro-level interventions?
Adapting the SRQ for greek populations: a culturally-sensitive psychiatric screening instrument
Authors: Lyrakos G. , Kitsiou M.C. , Goudella A. , Spinaris B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere is a significant disagreement in the literature concerning the validity of psychiatric instruments in different cultures.The objective of the study was to develop a culturally sensitive psychiatric screening instrument valid for Greeks in Greece and all over the world.MethodsForward and back translation was used for the greek version of the instrument. The sample was divided into three groups:i) general population(69,4%);ii) people in non-psychiatric treatment(12,9%);iii) people in psychiatric treatment (11,7%).They were interviewed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), modified to include SRQ-F culturally specific items and physicians also completed an encounter form about the presence of mental health symptoms in participants.ResultsThe study sample was composed of 631 Greek speaking adults, 502 females and 129 males, aged 18—67 (M = 30, SD = 11,5). Internal consistency for the overall score was very high (α = ,930). Item total correlations were between, 443 and, 692. Factor analysis revealed four factors accounting for the 54,22 of the total score variance. The factors were anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, somatic symptoms and psychotic symptoms. Content, construct, and criterion validity of each question led to 25 items. Independent t test revealed significant differences between psychiatric patients and control group in the total score (t = -17,795 p = ,0001), psychosis subscale (t = -12,622 p = ,0001) and somatic distress subscale (t = -17,712 p = ,0001).ConclusionsThe Greek SRQ was found to be a valid instrument which can be used in primary care to help general practitioners in the early recognition of mental illness.
Use of mental health services amongst ethnic groups - a service evaluation
Authors: Mothi M. , Nijabat K. , Mason O. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLondon Borough of Waltham Forest is composed of an ethnically diverse population. In some ethnic groups, mental illness may prevent access, or influence non-attendance when referred to Mental Health Services.ObjectivesTo examine referrals received by our service and first appointment attendance with respect to gender and ethnicity.AimsTo assess the characteristics of referrals and first appointment attendance when accessing mental health services during August 2009 and compare with ethnic demographics of the borough.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed psychiatric referrals received. Data was collected from electronic patient record.ResultsOf the 159 referrals evaluated, 39% referrals were White, 13% Asian, 13% Black, 3% mixed and 4% other. Majority of referrals were from general practitioners. In 28%, ethnicity was not recorded. 60% were female and 38% male. 52% were referred for mood symptoms. 24% Whites attended their first appointment as opposed to 9% of Asians and 8% Blacks. While referrals reflected the wider population, there was a higher rate of non attendance amongst ethnic minority groups than Whites. Interestingly a higher number of females attended their first appointment compared to males. This may explain for lower number of female admissions compared to males.ConclusionWe found several possible explanations for the above findings from literature which highlighted stigma as a major determining factor. Our trust has an Equality and Diversity Work plan to promote engagement of minority ethnic groups. However there seems to be a relative poverty in accessing services in our Borough.
Can healthy lifestyle modify risk factors for dementia? findings from a pilot population-based survey
Authors: Andrade J. , Purshouse K. , Mukaetova-Ladinska E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAspects of lifestyle are a key component to successful ageing and reducing the risk of cognitive impairment. Many developing countries, including India, currently have a much lower rate of dementia in people of the same age in the UK (Alzheimer’s Disease International 2008), in contrast to the higher prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors (reviewed in Misra and Kurana, 2009).ObjectivesCompare lifestyle choices in a developed and a developing country, that show contrasting dementia prevalence rates.AimsIdentify protective factors that may reduce dementia prevalence.MethodsA total of 251 participants at public meetings (123 in Newcastle and 128 in Chennai) on ageing completed a questionnaire voluntarily regarding their lifestyle, health status, 4-item GDS, and their subjective perception of their mental and physical health. The two groups had similar sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsDiabetes was three times more prevalent in the Chennai group (p = 0.001) but a significantly higher proportion of the Chennai population reported receiving treatment for diabetes (p = 0.012). Vegeterian diet was more frequent in the Chennai cohort (p = 0.000), as well as curry consumption (p = 0.000). The Newcastle group consumed more alcohol (p = 0.000) and practiced exercise less often (p = 0.005). Not surprinsingly, 95% of the Indian is religious, in contrast to 59.7% of the English (p = 0.000).ConclusionsType of diet, curry and alcohol consumption, and religious or spiritual beliefs, were the most significantly different, and may therefore confer protective advantages for dementia. Other explanations could be a higher proportion of uncontrolled diabetes and inactive people in the Newcastle sample.
The onset of dementia in patients with an acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bacila C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionStroke is a disorder that has great prevalence, defined vascular territories and psychiatric signs generally emerge in association with specific cognitive deficits.ObjectiveDementia occurs frecquently after acute ischemic stroke. The incidence of dementia six months after stroke is about 42%. Fortunately, in recent years, more attention has been paid to organic disorders provoked by strokes, especially to dementia.AimTo follow up the occuring dementia after stroke and also to follow the various psychiatric disorders with the onset during or after an acute ischemic stroke.MethodsAltogether 110 patients were recruited to this observational and non-interventional study, patients who were suffering from a psychiatric disorder after an ischemic stroke (according to DSM IV TR). The screening was followed by four visits during six months, when CGI, 17-HAMD, CROCQ and MMSE scales were used.ResultsOf 110 patients, 39,09% has been diagnosed with dementia. A number of these patients (n = 26) developed an onset like paroxistic disorder (60,46%), or an acute syndrom (20,93%) and 8 patients were considered “de novo” (with the onset of cognitive impairement after 60 days). There were various acute disorders occuring in the onset of dementia, that includes: amnestic syndrom, organic delirium, organic anxiety syndrom and a small number of patients (n=2) who developed mild cognitive disorder.ConclusionsThe literature considers vascular dementia occuring after an ischemic stroke and increasing step by step mnestic deficits; our study releaved a metamorphosis of various types of onset (anxiety, depression, delirium) or cognitive impairement could occurs after 30 days.
Vascular dementia - clinical case
Authors: Lopes R. , Moldes P. , Pinto A. , Fernandes L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionVascular Dementia (VD) is the second most frequent cause of dementia (20–30% of cases) with a similar percentage associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to increased prevalence, its early diagnosis is of particular importance for prevention and correction of risk factors.Clinical caseAn 82-year-old Caucasian woman has been taken to the emergency department by her husband, presenting changes in behaviour defined by aggressiveness, delusional and paranoid ideation with 1M of progression. She had also suffered cognitive impairment (memory deficits, prosoprognosia, disorientation) and some functional decline. She also experienced isolation and reduced communication, anxiety, almost total insomnia, emotional lability, slurred speech, slowed gait and urinary incontinence.DiscussionThis elderly patient with multiple medical comorbidities (HTA, DM, chronic AF hypocoagulated, MI, Craneoencephalic trauma with a stroke episode) was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry and investigated with auxiliary diagnostic tests and neuroimaging. We found ischemic injury and haemorrhagic sequelae in the latter and in the neuropsychological assessment cognitive deficits were found (executive function, attentional, semantic memory and visuoespacial). Due to this findings and the rapid evolution of symptoms, the diagnosis was Cortical and Subcortical VD.The patient was treated with a minor anxiolytic, a hypnotic inducer and an antidemencial, with improvement, after one week, of her emotional lability, behavioural symptoms and remission of delusional ideation. At discharge, she maintained slow gait, urinary incontinence, as well as attentional, mnesic and executive deficits, and she was partially oriented, in spite of anosognosia.She was transferred to geriatrics and to a day center.
Trazodone in elderly patients with dementia: impact on caregiver burden
Authors: Pérez E. , García J.C. , Gandía R. , Bonete J.M. , Matarredona J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTrazodone is a Serotonin-2A Antagonist/Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI) that combines its ability as a 5/HT2A receptor antagonist with some serotonin reuptake blockade actions. Studies support its use in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of trazodone in behavioral symptoms and caregiver burden in elderly patients with dementia.MethodsIn 49 patients (males and females) older than 65 years with dementia (DSM-IV), trazodone was associated to the standard treatment in a single night variable dose (50–200 mg). On days 0, 14 and 42 neuropsychiatric disorders and caregiver burden (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version, NPI-NH) were assessed. On days 0 and 42 cognitive impairment was measured by the test Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was administered on the last visit. Statistical evaluation was done by SPSS 17®.Results38 patients completed the study. Global score NPI-NH was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Sleep quality subscale improved significantly (p < 0.001). The MMSE was not modified. The caregiver burden showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) on each visit.Trazodone was well tolerated (main adverse effects were: hypotension (4.1%) and somnolence (2%). Patients evolution was positive (CGI).ConclusionResults of this study suggest that trazodone is an effective treatment for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Trazodone reduces caregiver burden without modifying the patient’s cognitive function.
Are platelet serotonin levels and platelet mao activity the biological markers for the progress of alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Presečki P. , Muck Šeler D. , Mimica N. , Mustapić M. , Pivac N. , Mihanović M. , Nedić G. , Folnegović-Šmalc V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlzheimer’ disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unclear aetiology. Cognitive impairment and the behavioral disturbances in patients with AD might be associated with altered serotonergic system.ObjectivesPlatelet serotonin (5-HT) levels and platelet monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity might be the biological markers for the progress of AD.AimsTo determine platelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity in female patients with mild, moderate or severe stage of AD and sex and age matched healthy controls.MethodsThe study included 106 female patients with the diagnosis of probable AD (DSM-IV-TR and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria), subdivided according to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in early (MMSE 26-18), middle (MMSE 17-10) and late (MMSE 9-0) phase of AD. Control group consisted of 102 healthy elderly women (MMSE 30-27). Platelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods.ResultsPlatelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity were similar between all patients with AD and healthy controls. Patients in the late phase of AD had significantly (p < 0.05) lower platelet 5-HT concentrations and MAO-B activity than patients in other phases of AD and healthy controls. The significant correlations were found between MMSE scores and platelet 5-HT concentrations, MAO-B activity and age.ConclusionThe results suggest that platelet 5-HT concentration and MAO-B activity might be the peripheral biological markers for the severity and/or clinical progress of AD.
Performance of healthy elderly with Alzheimer's disease at an early stage in executive function and language
Authors: Santos M.T. , Couto G.C. , Achieri J.C. , Júnior C.A. 
Published: May 2011

Dementia are increasingly prevalent in population. The most common causes of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Screening tests have been used for the premature diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD), specifically in the executive functions and language, which are compromised at an initial stage. However, the necessity standardized means and validated for our middle, to show oneself a pressing subject.ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of the length of sentences in the abstraction of proverbs in the Screening Test for Alzheimer's disease with Proverbs (TRDAP), healthy elderly and with Alzheimer's disease at early stage.MethodSurvey document in the database, analyzing the responses of the elderly (abstract or concrete interpretation of proverbs), relating the length of sentences (sayings) of stage B of TRDAP with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and the interference of age and schooling.ResultsHealthy older people showed greater capacity for abstraction than those with AD. There was Significant differences, in the sayings 1 (p = 0.033) and 2 (p = 0.001), corresponding to lower sentences, which did not occur with the proverb 3. As for age no verified significant difference among the healthy and only saying 3 in AD patients, however schooling differenced the healthy.ConclusionElderly with Alzheimer's disease at an initial stage have lower performance in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences, interpretation and abstraction of proverbs, corroborating with the data of the literature. The size of these sentences appears to be inversely proportional to the correctness of interpretation in elderly patients with and without AD.