bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion to low transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI)‐risk plasma significantly reduces TRALI
Authors: Arinsburg Suzanne A. , Skerrett Donna L. , Karp Julie K. , Ness Paul M. , Jhang Jeffrey , Padmanabhan Anand , Gibble Joan , Schwartz Joseph , King Karen E. , Cushing Melissa M. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an uncommon but serious transfusion reaction. Studies have shown that the transfusion of HLA and HNA antibodies in donor plasma can lead to TRALI. Female donors are more likely to have such antibodies due to alloantigen exposure during pregnancy. Many blood suppliers have now implemented various TRALI risk reduction strategies to unknown effect. A retrospective analysis of TRALI reactions in plasma recipients before and after the conversion to low‐TRALI‐risk plasma (all‐male donor plasma, male‐predominant plasma, nulliparous female plasma, and HLA antibody–tested plasma) is reported.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Transfusion reaction reports at three large hospitals 16 months before and 16 months after the conversion to low‐TRALI‐risk plasma were analyzed. Respiratory reactions were categorized as TRALI, possible TRALI, or other (e.g., transfusion‐associated circulatory overload or allergic reactions). Reactions were reported as a percentage of total units transfused and rates for the two time periods were compared. Trends in reaction rates for other components were also compared.RESULTS: A total of 2156 transfusion reactions in association with 461,598 transfused blood components were reviewed. The incidence of combined TRALI or possible TRALI reactions, due to the transfusion of plasma, decreased from 0.0084% to zero (p = 0.052). The rate of TRALI or possible TRALI reactions in red blood cell and platelet recipients did not change significantly.CONCLUSION: The conversion to low‐TRALI‐risk plasma has reduced the incidence of TRALI reactions in plasma recipients.
Regulation of Prescriptive Authority for Certified Nurse‐Midwives and Certified Midwives: A National Overview
Authors: Osborne Kathryn 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) provide primary care to women across the lifespan. Yet these primary care providers face barriers to practice that include restrictive state laws and regulations regarding prescriptive authority. The purpose of this review is to critically examine and report the regulatory requirements relative to prescriptive authority for CNMs/CMs in the United States.Methods: State statutes and rules relative to midwifery practice were reviewed for all 50 United States and the District of Columbia.Results: CNMs have been granted the authority to write prescriptions in all 50 United States and the District of Columbia, while CMs have been granted prescriptive authority only in the state of New York. Prescriptive authority for CNMs and CMs is regulated by individual state agencies and regulatory boards. Regulations regarding prescriptive authority for CNMs and CMs vary widely from state to state and are described, with a summary for each state presented.Discussion: While CNMs are granted fully independent prescriptive authority in some states, the regulatory requirements relative to prescriptive authority for CNMs/CMs limit patients’ access to necessary services in most states.
Lapses in safety in end‐stage renal disease patients admitted to surgical services
Authors: Harel Ziv , Wald Ron , Liu Jessica J. , Bell Chaim M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChronic dialysis patients are a vulnerable population that may be highly susceptible to medical errors, particularly when they are hospitalized. We performed a chart review of chronic hemodialysis patients admitted to surgical services at a tertiary care center in order to characterize lapses in patient safety. We conducted a retrospective chart review of admissions of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis to various surgical services at St. Michael's Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. For each hospitalization, we collected data on four process of care indicators of potential safety lapses. When these lapses were identified, we sought to determine whether: (i) the lapse was detected and remedied; and (ii) the lapse resulted in an adverse event. Among the 41 patients, 96 process of care lapses were identified. Multiple lapses were detected in 83% of the cohort. Failure to order a renal diet (72%) occurred most often. There was one adverse event. Process of care lapses were detected 39% of the time, usually within 1.5 days of their occurrence. Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis admitted to surgical services experience multiple lapses in patient safety, which often remain undetected. As such, it is imperative that these patients be closely monitored in order to mitigate against potential adverse events.
Effect of Atmospheric Water Vapor on the Thermally Induced Crystallization in Zirconia Gel
Authors: Tatsuoka Tomoyuki , Koga Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2011

Effect of water vapor on the thermally induced crystallization of tetragonal ZrO2 in hydrous gel precursor was investigated using TG‐DTA under controlled water vapor pressures, p(H2O). Existence of the temperature region for preliminary nucleation in the region lower than that of the crystallization exothermic peak was identified. The rate of preliminary nucleation was largely enhanced by the atmospheric water vapor, resulting in the increase of number of preexisting nuclei for the subsequent growth and the systematic shift of DTA exothermic peak of crystallization to the lower temperatures with increasing p(H2O). From a systematic shift of the DTA exothermic peak depending on the annealing time at a constant temperature, the rate behavior of preliminary nucleation under high p(H2O) was characterized as the constant rate nucleation. By the preannealing treatment in the temperature region of preliminary nucleation under high p(H2O), the number of preexisting nuclei is nearly saturated without any partial crystallization. From a series of DTA exothermic peaks of crystallization recorded by heating the preannealed samples at different heating rates, the apparent activation energy, Ea, for the crystal growth of tetragonal ZrO2 from the preexisting nuclei was estimated to be Ea = 187.3 ± 3.8 kJ mol−1.
Oral health condition of French elderly and risk of dementia: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Arrivé E. , Letenneur L. , Matharan F. , Laporte C. , Helmer C. , Barberger‐Gateau P. , Miquel J. L. , Dartigues J. F. 
Published: November 2011

Arrivé E, Letenneur L, Matharan F, Laporte C, Helmer C, Barberger‐Gateau P, Miquel JL, Dartigues JF. Oral health condition of French elderly and risk of dementia: a longitudinal cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  Oral condition could be associated with cognitive impairment, but this is not yet well documented. We therefore hypothesized that people with poor oral condition would be more at risk to develop dementia. The objective of this study thus was to describe the oral condition of French community‐dwelling elderly persons and to assess its relationship with the occurrence of dementia.Methods:  Oral examination was conducted on a sample of individuals aged 66–80 years followed‐up prospectively for screening of dementia over 15 years in Gironde, France. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk of dementia were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model with delayed entry.Results:  Data from 405 individuals were analyzed; 45.4% men; median age at baseline: 70 years [interquartile range (IQR): 68–75]. The median number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 18 (IQR: 13–24) and was higher in women (median: 20 versus 17, P = 0.004) and in persons with lower school level (median: 21 versus 17, P = 0.003). Among 348 persons with sextant eligible for periodontal assessment, 2/3 required periodontal care: 5.2% had bleeding observed, 44.8% calculus, 17.8% 4–5 mm pockets, and 2.9%≥6 mm pockets. The incidence of dementia during a median follow‐up of 10 years (IQR: 6.5–13.7) was 19 per 1000 person‐years. The adjusted hazard ratio for a number of missing teeth≥11 (median) on the risk of dementia was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, CI = [0.60–2.12]) in people with higher education (n = 312) and 0.30 (CI = 0.11–0.79) in persons with lower school level (n = 93) (P for modification effect = 0.0002).Conclusions:  Having eleven or more missing teeth seemed to be associated with a lower risk of dementia in people with lower education possibly owing to the suppression of source of chronic inflammation.
Increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the rat brain after meningitis induction byStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Barichello Tatiana , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Cipriano Andreza L. , Casagrande Renata , Collodel Allan , Savi Geovana D. , Scherer Emilene B. S. , Kolling Janaína , Wyse Angela T. S. 
Published: November 2011

Barichello T, Generoso JS, Cipriano AL, Casagrande R, Collodel A, Savi GD, Scherer EBS, Kolling J, Wyse ATS. Increase Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the rat brain after meningitis induction byStreptococcus pneumoniae.Background: Pneumococcal meningitis is the most severe infection of the central nervous system with a mortality rate up to 20% and an adverse neurological result in up to 50% of survivors. A complicated series of interactions among the host immune response and oxidants seems to be responsible for meningitis associated brain dysfunctions. Na+,K+-ATPase is an essential enzyme responsible for generating and maintaining the membrane potential necessary for neural excitability, however, the Na+,K+-ATPase activity is altered in several illness;Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in hippocampus and cortex of the rats submitted to pneumococcal meningitis.Methods: Animals received 10 µl sterile saline as a placebo or an equivalent volume ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto the concentration of 5 × 109cfu/ml and were killed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after meningitis induction. The brain structures, hippocampus and cortex, were immediately isolated on dry ice and stored at −80°C to analyse Na+,K+-ATPase activity.Results: In the hippocampus, we verified the increase of Na+,K+-ATPase activity at 48, 72 and 96 h (p< 0.05) and in the cortex at 24 h (p< 0.05) after pneumococcal meningitis induction.Conclusion: The Na+,K+-ATPase activity is under the control of a diversity of intracellular messengers that are able to modulate the function of the particular isozymes in a precise way. Furthermore, we verified that pneumococcal meningitis increased the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in hippocampus and cortex; this increase can be correlated with a compensatory mechanism in illness pathophysiology.
Molecular basis of maternal age‐related increase in oocyte aneuploidy
Authors: Kurahashi Hiroki , Tsutsumi Makiko , Nishiyama Sachie , Kogo Hiroshi , Inagaki Hidehito , Ohye Tamae 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAneuploidy is one of the most common and serious pregnancy complications in humans. Most conceptuses with autosomal aneuploidy die in utero, resulting in early pregnancy loss. However, some fetuses with aneuploidy survive to term but suffer from disorders associated with congenital anomalies and mental retardation, such as Down syndrome with trisomy 21. Three general characteristics of this condition are well acknowledged: (i) in most cases the extra chromosome is of maternal origin; (ii) most cases are derived from a malsegregation event in meiosis I; and (iii) the frequency of these errors increases with maternal age. The basis for the age‐dependent increase in meiosis I errors has been a long‐standing enigma. Many investigators have addressed the nature of this biological phenomenon through genomic analyses of extra chromosome 21 using polymorphic markers to determine the frequency or location of crossovers that should ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Cytogenetic analyses of in vitro unfertilized oocytes have also been performed. However, no definitive conclusions regarding meiosis I errors have yet been reached from such studies. Recent findings in conditional knock‐out mice for meiosis‐specific cohesin have shed further light on this issue. The present review focuses on the current understanding of age‐related aneuploidy and provides an overview of the mechanisms involved. We refer to recent data to illustrate some of the new paradigms that have arisen in this field.
Reducing the environmental footprint of wastewater screenings through anaerobic digestion with resource recovery
Authors: Cadavid‐Rodriguez Luz Stella , Horan Nigel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractScreenings produced as the first stage of wastewater treatment and currently disposed of to landfill, are rich in volatile organic solids, nitrogen and phosphorus which could be recovered through anaerobic digestion. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests on screenings demonstrated a methane yield of 0.33 m3 methane/kg volatile solids (VS) and a VS destruction of 50%. Consequently, the effect of a range of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rates (OLRs) was evaluated in lab‐scale continuously fed mesophilic digesters. The highest methane yield of 0.416 Nm3 methane/kg VS added was observed with an HRT of 15 days and an OLR of 2.5 kg VS/m3/day, when up to 65% of the VS were destroyed. If treated by anaerobic digestion, every dry tonne of screenings digested would divert 466 kg from landfill, save 4.6 tonne equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2 eq) and deliver 3.4 MWh of renewable energy.
The implications of nongenetic inheritance for evolution in changing environments
Authors: Bonduriansky Russell , Crean Angela J. , Day Troy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNongenetic inheritance is a potentially important but poorly understood factor in population responses to rapid environmental change. Accumulating evidence indicates that nongenetic inheritance influences a diverse array of traits in all organisms and can allow for the transmission of environmentally induced phenotypic changes (‘acquired traits’), as well as spontaneously arising and highly mutable variants. We review models of adaptation to changing environments under the assumption of a broadened model of inheritance that incorporates nongenetic mechanisms of transmission, and survey relevant empirical examples. Theory suggests that nongenetic inheritance can increase the rate of both phenotypic and genetic change and, in some cases, alter the direction of change. Empirical evidence shows that a diversity of phenotypes – spanning a continuum from adaptive to pathological – can be transmitted nongenetically. The presence of nongenetic inheritance therefore complicates our understanding of evolutionary responses to environmental change. We outline a research program encompassing experimental studies that test for transgenerational effects of a range of environmental factors, followed by theoretical and empirical studies on the population‐level consequences of such effects.
Effect of intraocular lens asphericity on posterior capsule opacification between two intraocular lenses with same acrylic material: a fellow‐eye study
Authors: Nanavaty Mayank A. , Spalton David J. , Gala Kavita B. , Dhital Anish , Boyce James 
Published: November 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate intra‐individual differences in posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and visual performance between spherical AcrySof SN60AT and an aspheric AcrySof SN60WF intraocular lens (IOL) with a posterior aspheric surface, both of which are made of same hydrophobic acrylic material.Setting:  Ophthalmology Department, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK.Methods:  In this prospective randomized, fellow‐eye comparison, an aspheric IOL, which is 9% thinner in comparison with the spherical IOL, was randomized to the first eye of 47 patients and fellow‐eye surgery was performed within 3 weeks. Follow‐up was at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Corrected logMAR visual acuity (CDVA) was measured at 100% and 9% contrast. After pupil dilation, digital retroillumination photographs were taken and the mean PCO percentage was calculated using poco software at each follow‐up visit.Results:  At 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, 47 (94 eyes), 44 (88 eyes), 42 (84 eyes) and 41 (82 eyes) patients were followed‐up respectively. Hundred per cent and 9% of LogMAR CDVA was not significantly different between the two IOLs (p = NS at all time‐points). Percentage area PCO scores (mean ± SD) at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months with the spherical IOL was 5.82 ± 9.89, 7.76 ± 16.83, 7.21 ± 12.46, 9.29 ± 18.25 and 14.39 ± 25.42, respectively, and with an aspheric IOL was 8.91 ± 12.79, 5.97 ± 10.32, 5.15 ± 7.92, 7.68 ± 11.18 and 12.18 ± 20.10, respectively (p = NS at all time‐points).Conclusions:  Posterior capsule opacification was not significantly different between the spheric and aspheric IOLs in this fellow‐eye, randomized comparison. Additional asphericity on the existing model of IOL does not influence PCO performance.
Factors associated with basal insulin dose in Japanese children and young adult type 1 diabetics
Authors: Hashimoto Tomomi , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kashihara Yoneo , Hirose Masakazu , Higashide Takashi , Tsuruhara Akitoshi , Fujimoto Hiroki , Noi Kaori , Shintaku Haruo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  The daily basal insulin doses/body weight and the daily basal insulin doses/total daily insulin doses of Japanese type 1 diabetes mellitus patients are less than those of Western type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. It is known that Western meals are richer in fat than Japanese meals. We speculated that fat intake might be associated with basal insulin dose in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and Methods:  Forty‐one outpatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (20 males, 21 females, mean age 15.9) were enrolled. Variables investigated included: gender, SDS‐BMI, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, therapy (MDI or CSII), insulin doses and meal contents. Meal contents were recorded for 3 days using a digital camera. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed for all subjects and each age group.Results:  The mean daily basal insulin doses/total daily insulin doses was 0.35. In the multiple regression analysis among all subjects, when daily basal insulin doses/body weight was used as a dependent variable, fat energy ratio of the meal was obtained as an entered variable (P = 0.001). This tendency was particularly strong among the patients aged 14 or above (P < 0.001, standardized coefficient β = 0.683).Conclusions:  In the type 1 diabetes patients who are aged 14 or above, an association between daily basal insulin doses/body weight and fat energy ratio of meal was suggested. This may explain the aforementioned expectation of increased fat intakes making higher basal insulin doses. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00171.x, 2011)
Breaking the sticks: a hierarchical change‐point model for estimating ontogenetic shifts with stable isotope data
Authors: Authier Matthieu , Martin Céline , Ponchon Aurore , Steelandt Stephanie , Bentaleb Ilham , Guinet Christophe 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Stable isotopes are increasingly used in ecology to investigate ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitat (via δ13C) and in trophic level (via δ15N). These shifts are in essence an individual‐level phenomenon, requiring repeated measures throughout the life of individuals, i.e. longitudinal data. Longitudinal data require in turn specifying an appropriate covariance structure. Here we present a hierarchical model to jointly investigate individual ontogenetic shifts in δ13C and δ15N values.2. In a Bayesian framework, we used a Cholesky decomposition for estimating a moderately‐sized covariance matrix, thereby directly estimating correlations between parameters describing time‐series of isotopic measurements. We offer guidelines on how to select the covariance structure.3. The approach is illustrated with a hierarchical change‐point (or broken stick) model applied to a data set collected on Southern Elephant Seals, Mirounga leonina. Ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitat, following a juvenile and variable stage, were detected and interpreted as fidelity to a foraging strategy; while ontogenetic shifts in trophic level were more likely the result of complete independence from maternal resources followed by a gradual increase in trophic level as seals aged.4. Specifying both an appropriate covariance and mean structure enabled us to draw strong inferences on the ecology of an elusive marine predator, and has wide applicability for isotopic ecology provided repeated isotopic measurements are available.
A sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method for the intracellular and plasma quantification of raltegravir after solid-phase extraction
Authors: Mosnier-Thoumas Stéphanie , Djabarouti Sarah , Xuereb Fabien , Lazaro Estibaliz , Pellegrin Jean-Luc , Saux Marie-Claude , Breilh Dominique 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the quantification of raltegravir in human plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been developed.

Methods
Sample preparations were based on a fully automated solid-phase extraction process. Mass spectrometric data were acquired in a single-ion monitoring method. Raltegravir and quinoxaline, the internal standard, were well separated in a gradient mode over 15 min.

Key findings
Validation study exhibited excellent linearity, with good intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy.

Conclusions
The assay was successfully applied to the raltegravir quantification in HIV-infected patients.
Salvia miltiorrhiza and anisodamine appear to reduce the incidence of skin flap ischaemia and necrosis post mastectomy
Authors: Savović J 
Published: November 2011

Chen J, Lv Q, Yu M, Zhang X, Gou J.Randomized clinical trial of Chinese herbal medications to reduce wound complications after mastectomy for breast carcinoma.Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1798–804.
Andrographis paniculata extract versus mesalazine for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Guo R 
Published: November 2011

Tang T, Targan SR, Xu C, Byers VS, Sandborn WJ.Randomized clinical trial: herbal extract HMPL‐004 in active ulcerative colitis – a double‐blind comparison with sustained release mesalazine.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 194–202.
The prevalence of herbal medicine use among surgical patients in Trinidad
Authors: Merritt‐Charles Lorna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of herbal medicine usage among surgical patients in three hospitals in Trinidad. The study population comprised 303 surgical outpatients randomly selected from the three hospitals. All patients were over 18 years of age. Eligible participants either had surgery within the previous year or were due for surgery within the following 6 months. Of the 303 subjects, 121 (40%) reported the use of herbal medicines. Twenty‐five percent of patients attending Hospital 1 used herbal medicines, compared with 41% at Hospital 2 and 55% at Hospital 3. The difference between the three hospitals was statistically significant (P=0.023). Allium sativum (garlic) was the most common herb used (74%), followed by Citrus sinensis (orange peel) tea (47%), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) (39%), Aloe vera (aloe) (31%) and Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng) (26%). The prevalence of herbal medicine usage among interviewed patients in Trinidad is similar to the prevalence rate reported in the USA and Italy. The reported use of garlic was high, which is a concern as this herb may impact on bleeding in surgical patients. Herbal medicines may also influence heart rate, blood clotting and anaesthesia, which could put surgical patients at further risk. Due to the risk of potential complications, an accurate herbal medicine history should be obtained for all surgical patients.