bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents in Improving Caregiver Perceived Preparation and Confidence to Parent
Authors: Salazar Amy M. , Day Angelique , Thompson Jenna , Podsobinski Jaidyanne , Spiers Sara S. , Fowler John , Vanderwill Lori , Kongira Metta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBeing a foster, relative or adoptive parent (herein referred to as ‘resource parent’) is a crucial but highly challenging role. Resource parent trainings are designed to build knowledge, skills, preparation and confidence in resource parents prior to beginning their support of children and youth. However, often resource parents go into these roles feeling unconfident and unprepared to fulfil their responsibilities. The National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents (NTDC) is a new curriculum developed with support from the United States Children's Bureau. This study compares the perceived preparation, confidence and willingness to care for a variety of subgroups of children at baseline and 6 months after training of caregivers who participated in NTDC training curriculum versus training as usual to assess whether the NTDC curriculum led to improved caregiver preparation to foster or adopt. NTDC caregivers were found to have more positive differences than control group caregivers from baseline (pretraining) to follow‐up on confidence to care for children considered challenging, confidence to care for children across multiple age ranges and perceived preparation to care for children aged 13 years and older. NTDC is a promising new resource that can help overcome some traditional resource parent training and preparation‐related challenges.
Global drivers of mangrove loss in protected areas
Authors: Heck Nadine , Goldberg Liza , Andradi‐Brown Dominic A. , Campbell Anthony , Narayan Siddharth , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Lagomasino David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite increasing efforts and investment in mangrove conservation, mangrove cover continues to decline globally. The extent to which protected area (PA) management effectively prevents mangrove loss globally across differing management objectives and governance types is not well understood. We combined remote sensing data with PA information to identify the extent and the drivers of mangrove loss across PAs with distinct governance types and protection levels based on categories developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Mangrove loss due to storms and erosion was prevalent across all governance types and most IUCN categories. However, the extent of human‐driven loss differed across governance types and IUCN categories. Loss was highest in national government PAs. Private, local, shared arrangement, and subnational government agencies had low human‐driven mangrove loss. Human‐driven loss was highest in PAs with the highest level of restrictions on human activities (IUCN category I) due to mangrove conversion to areas for commodity production (e.g., aquaculture), whereas PAs that allowed sustainable resource use (e.g., category VI) experienced low levels of human‐driven mangrove loss. Because category I PAs with high human‐driven loss were primarily governed by national government agencies, conservation outcomes in highly PAs might depend not only on the level of restrictions, but also on the governance type. Mangrove loss across different governance types and IUCN categories varied regionally. Specific governance types and IUCN categories thus seemed more effective in preventing mangrove loss in certain regions. Overall, we found that natural drivers contributed to global mangrove loss across all PAs, whereas human‐driven mangrove loss was lowest in PAs with subnational‐ to local‐level governance and PAs with few restrictions on human activities.
Osteocyte ferroptosis induced by ATF3/TFR1 contributes to cortical bone loss during ageing
Authors: Yin Ying , Chen Guang‐Jin , Yang Chen , Wang Jia‐Jia , Peng Jin‐Feng , Huang Xiao‐Fei , Tang Qing‐Ming , Chen Li‐Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCortical bone loss is intricately associated with ageing and coincides with iron accumulation. The precise role of ferroptosis, characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, in senescent osteocytes remains elusive. We found that ferroptosis was a crucial mode of osteocyte death in cortical bone during ageing. Using a single‐cell transcriptome analysis, we identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as a critical driver of osteocyte ferroptosis. Elevated ATF3 expression in senescent osteocytes promotes iron uptake by upregulating transferrin receptor 1 while simultaneously inhibiting solute carrier family 7‐member 11‐mediated cystine import. This process leads to an iron overload and lipid peroxidation, culminating in ferroptosis. Importantly, ATF3 inhibition in aged mice effectively alleviated ferroptosis in the cortical bone and mitigated cortical bone mass loss. Taken together, our findings establish a pivotal role of ferroptosis in cortical bone loss in older adults, providing promising prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis and fractures.
Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors:   RECAP study group, Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Kobayashi Kazuo , Toyoda Masao , Tone Atsuhito , Kawanami Daiji , Suzuki Daisuke , Tsuriya Daisuke , Machimura Hideo , Shimura Hidetoshi , Wakui Hiromichi , Takeda Hiroshi , Yokomizo Hisashi , Takeshita Kei , Chin Keiichi , Kanasaki Keizo , Miyauchi Masaaki , Saburi Masuo , Morita Miwa , Yomota Miwako , Kimura Moritsugu , Hatori Nobuo , Nakajima Shinichi , Ito Shun , Murata Takashi , Matsushita Takaya , Furuki Takayuki , Hashimoto Takuya , Umezono Tomoya , Muta Yoshimi , Takashi Yuichi , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo conduct a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the RECAP study, who were treated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) combination therapy, focusing only on those patients who had chronic kidney disease (CKD), to examine whether the composite renal outcome differed between those who received SGLT2 inhibitor treatment first and those who received a GLP‐1RA first.MethodsWe included 438 patients with CKD (GLP‐1RA‐first group, n = 223; SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group, n = 215) from the 643 T2D patients in the RECAP study. The incidence of the composite renal outcome, defined as progression to macroalbuminuria and/or a ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was analysed using a propensity score (PS)‐matched model. Furthermore, we calculated the win ratio for these composite renal outcomes, which were weighted in the following order: (1) both a ≥50% decrease in eGFR and progression to macroalbuminuria; (2) a decrease in eGFR of ≥50% only; and (3) progression to macroalbuminuria only.ResultsUsing the PS‐matched model, 132 patients from each group were paired. The incidence of renal composite outcomes did not differ between the two groups (GLP‐1RA‐first group, 10%; SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group, 17%; odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 4.26; p = 0.12). The win ratio of the GLP‐1RA‐first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group was 1.83 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.95; p < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough the renal composite outcome did not differ between the two groups, the win ratio of the GLP‐1RA‐first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group was significant. These results suggest that, in GLP‐1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor combination therapy, the addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor to baseline GLP‐1RA treatment may lead to more favourable renal outcomes.
Empirical analysis of child labour, household poverty, and child health in Ghana
Authors: Adabor Opoku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper studies the effect of household poverty on child labour (CL) and explores how CL affects working children's health using an instrumental variable strategy. After correcting for endogeneity, we find that household poverty significantly contributes to the incidence of CL whilst increasing the working hour of children increases the likelihood that working children would sustain wounds/cuts, get skin diseases, or get burned by fire, signifying the adverse effect of CL on child health in Ghana. These findings are robust to different approaches to addressing endogeneity. The study recommends that while it is imperative to implement policies to reduce children's engagement in all hazardous forms of child work and to protect the health of working children, government policies that address poverty might also be necessary.
Alzheimer's disease early screening and staged detection with plasma proteome using machine learning and convolutional neural network
Authors: Qin Hengyu , Shi Xiumin , Zhu Yibo , Ma Jiacheng , Deng Xiaohong , Wang Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, precipitating cognitive impairment and even memory loss. Amyloid biomarkers have been extensively used in the diagnosis of AD. However, amyloid proteins offer limited information about the disease process and accurate diagnosis depends on the presence of a substantial accumulation of amyloid deposition which significantly impedes the early screening of AD. In this study, we have combined plasma proteomics with an ensemble learning model (CatBoost) to develop a cost‐effective and non‐invasive diagnostic method for AD. A longitudinal panel has been identified that can serve as reliable biomarkers across the entire progression of AD. Simultaneously, we have developed a neural network algorithm that utilizes plasma proteins to detect stages of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the developed longitudinal panel, the CatBoost model achieved an area under the operating curve of at least 0.90 in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal. The neural network model was utilized for the detection of three stages of AD, and the results demonstrated that the neural network model exhibited an accuracy as high as 0.83, surpassing that of the traditional machine learning model.
Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Xu Weizhi , Borges Karin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood–brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought to contribute to seizures. Ketogenic diets are the first‐line treatment and, among many beneficial effects, provide auxiliary fuel in the form of ketone bodies that are largely metabolized by neurons. However, Glut1 is also the main glucose transporter in astrocytes. Here, we review data indicating that glucose shortage may also impact astrocytes in addition to neurons and discuss the expected negative biochemical consequences of compromised astrocytic glucose transport for neurons. Based on these effects, auxiliary fuels are needed for both cell types and adding medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) to ketogenic diets is a biochemically superior treatment for Glut1DS compared to classical ketogenic diets. MCTs provide medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are largely metabolized by astrocytes and not neurons. MCFAs supply energy and contribute carbons for glutamine and γ‐aminobutyric acid synthesis, and decanoic acid can also block α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors. MCTs do not compete with metabolism of ketone bodies mostly occurring in neurons. Triheptanoin, an anaplerotic but also gluconeogenic uneven MCT, may be another potential addition to ketogenic diets, although maintenance of “ketosis” can be difficult. Gene therapy has also targeted both endothelial cells and astrocytes. Other approaches to increase fuel delivery to the brain currently investigated include exchange of Glut1DS erythrocytes with healthy cells, infusion of lactate, and pharmacological improvement of glucose transport. In conclusion, although it remains difficult to assess impaired astrocytic energy metabolism in vivo, astrocytic energy needs are most likely not met by ketogenic diets in Glut1DS. Thus, we propose prospective studies including monitoring of blood MCFA levels to find optimal doses for add‐on MCT to ketogenic diets and assessing of short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Endoscopic treatment of a ureteral inflammatory polyp in a 15‐year‐old Warmblood gelding
Authors: Rikart Johanna , Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA 15‐year‐old Warmblood gelding was presented with macroscopic haematuria and stranguria for 2 months. Cystoscopy revealed a pedunculated cauliflower‐like mass, exiting from the right ureteral orifice into the bladder. Ureteroscopy showed a right dilated ureter (2.3 mm). The ureteral lumenal mucosa was smooth, and the mass had its origin approximately 10 cm cranial from the orifice. The right kidney appeared macroscopically normal on ultrasonography. The mass was removed transendoscopically by means of a cautery snare leaving a small part at the base. Histopathological analysis identified it as a mucosal polyp. Recovery was uncomplicated and the gelding was discharged 3 days after surgery. During cystoscopic examination 5 months later, there was no sign of right ureteral inflammation, but a small stalk of the polyp was seen within the ureter.
Speaking truth to funders: Alternative accountabilities in the voluntary and community sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Warren Rebecca , Morales Jeremy , Steinhoff Anne , Woodward Samantha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper studies grassroots organizations that provide various forms of support to vulnerable local communities in the United Kingdom in a context of increasing austerity, public sector drawbacks, a lack of funding and extensive monitoring, and evaluative requirements. We focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic, which challenged traditional funding relationships. We analyze lived experiences of trust, emotion, and suffering to understand the politics of accountability across the diverse economy. We draw on Gibson‐Graham's post‐capitalist framework, which insists on the politics of language, the subject, and collective action. In the setting we study, the language of crisis reshaped funding, vulnerable subjectivities emerged to support vulnerable communities, and fragmenting accountabilities were met with attempts to promote collective action and solidarity. We, therefore, contribute to literature in critical accounting and literature focused on the voluntary and community sector by studying a landscape of diverse accountability practices to explore the possibilities that they offer in terms of accounting for non‐capitalist organizing.
Oral care practices for patients in intensive care unit: A systematic review
Authors: dos Santos Aline Aparecida , Silva Larissa Doalla de Almeida , Santos Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira , Fonseca‐Silva Thiago 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo critically analyse and discuss oral hygiene protocols in the hospital environment in patients admitted to the ICU, through a systematic review of the literature.MethodsThe electronic search was performed on Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The indexing keywords according to the PRISMA protocol were: ‘hospital dentistry’, ‘oral health’, ‘oral care’ and ‘intensive care unit’.ResultsThe initial search resulted in a total of 2671 articles. Pre‐selection based on titles led to the exclusion of 2510 articles and the remaining 36 were selected for abstract reading. After analysing the eligibility of the articles, eight studies were included in the review and submitted to qualitative analysis.ConclusionIt can be concluded that cleaning with a soft bristle brush, use of chlorhexidine and lip moisturizing are methods commonly used in dental care actions in patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
Evaluation of total, soluble and ionic fluoride concentration in whitening and desensitizing toothpastes
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Bruno Lemos , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Squassi Aldo , Mendonça Juliano Sartori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposesDue to the popularity and increasing launch of toothpastes with whitening and sensitivity properties on the market, this study aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentrations in these products, since the concentrations of fluoride directly interfere with the anti‐caries potential.MethodsThis is an experimental, in vitro study, where 37 samples from different batches (n = 3) purchased in different countries, were analysed in duplicate, via the ion‐selective electrode technique to verify the concentration (μg/g or ppm F−) of total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF). For a comparative data analysis, ANOVA was applied followed by a Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The level of confidence adopted was 95%.ResultsIn the 37 assessed toothpastes, 45.9% contained NaF and 54.1% sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). The TF found in the formulations ranged from 902.8 to 1539.4 ppm of F (mean: 1165.2 ± 179.3); fluoride concentration in the TSF fraction ranged from 708.8 to 1306.7 ppm of F (mean: 959.5 ± 162.4); IF results ranged from 101.9 to 1162.3 ppm of F (642.2 ± 294.1). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of the 59.5% assessed toothpastes in comparisons between declared and measured total fluoride (TF) concentrations, as well as in 62.2% when total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) were compared.ConclusionsIn this study, most of the samples evaluated showed discrepancies when compared to the information declared by the manufacturers. In addition, the soluble concentrations found in half of the samples were lower than total concentrations and this may affect anti‐caries effectiveness.
Young children's choices and thoughts about pro‐social behaviour towards others with overweight
Authors: Dearing Gemma , Latchford Gary J. , Caterson Ian D. , Hill Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate weight bias within young children's pro‐social choices between characters who differed in body size.MethodsSeventy‐six children aged 4–6 years read stories asking them to choose who they would first help, share with, comfort, and steal from, between a healthy weight and child with overweight. They also selected the one character they would most like to play with. Children's reasoning for these choices was recorded and analysed.ResultsThe character with overweight was helped first in only a third of the choices made. Children chose the characters with overweight more often as the target for anti‐social action. In friendship selections, children overwhelmingly rejected the characters with overweight. However, weight bias was not prominent in the reasons children gave for the choices. Most children were not negative about body shape, weight or appearance. Similarly, in friendship choices, these were mostly expressed positively to the character chosen. Only a small minority of children were explicitly negative about the character with overweight.ConclusionsA better understanding of weight bias acquisition and variation between children will benefit those working in health care and educational settings. Future research should link with developmental theory, such as on social categorization and theory of mind.
Ame‐miR‐1‐3p of bee venom reduced cell viability through the AZIN1/OAZ1‐ODC1‐polyamines pathway and enhanced the defense ability of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Tian Xue , Wen Jie , Liu Jie , Huo Yunfei , Yuan Kangqi , Guo Jiazhong , Wang Xun , Yang Mingxian , Jiang Anan , Cao Quanquan , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBee venom serves as an essential defensive weapon for bees and also finds application as a medicinal drug. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as critical regulators and have been demonstrated to perform a variety of biological functions. However, the presence of miRNAs in bee venom needs to be confirmed. Therefore, we conducted small RNA sequencing and identified 158 known miRNAs, 15 conserved miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs. It is noteworthy that ame‐miR‐1‐3p, the most abundant among them, accounted for over a quarter of all miRNA reads. To validate the function of ame‐miR‐1‐3p, we screened 28 candidate target genes using transcriptome sequencing and three target gene prediction software (miRanda, PITA and TargetScan) for ame‐miR‐1‐3p. Subsequently, we employed real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blot and other technologies to confirm that ame‐miR‐1‐3p inhibits the relative expression of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) by targeting the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of AZIN1. This, in turn, caused ODC antizyme 1 (OAZ1) to bind to ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and mark ODC1 for proteolytic destruction. The reduction in functional ODC1 ultimately resulted in a decrease in polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, we determined that ame‐miR‐1‐3p accelerates cell death through the AZIN1/OAZ1‐ODC1‐polyamines pathway. Our studies demonstrate that ame‐miR‐1‐3p diminishes cell viability and it may collaborate with sPLA2 to enhance the defence capabilities of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Collectively, these data further elucidate the defence mechanism of bee venom and expand the potential applications of bee venom in medical treatment.
Therapeutic drug monitoring in anticancer agents: perspectives of Australian medical oncologists
Authors: Flynn Alexandra , Galettis Peter , Gurney Howard , Michael Michael , Desar Ingrid , Westerdijk Kim , Schneider Jennifer , Martin Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the development of anticancer agents for solid tumours, body surface area continues to be used to personalise dosing despite minimal evidence for its use over other dosing strategies. With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other oral targeted anticancer agents, dosing using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is now utilised in many health systems but has had limited uptake in Australia.AimTo determine attitudes and barriers to the implementation of TDM among Australian oncologists.MethodsA comprehensive questionnaire was developed by the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group from semistructured interviews of stakeholders. Seventy‐nine questions across seven domains were developed with three free‐text responses. This was rationalised to 17 questions with three free‐text responses for Australian medical oncologists who identified limited experience with TDM.ResultsFifty‐seven responses were received, with 49 clinicians (86%) identifying limited experience of performing TDM in daily practice. Clinicians were positive (62–91% agree/strongly agree across seven questions) about the advantages of TDM. There was a mixed response for cost‐effectiveness and scientific evidence being a barrier to implementation, but strong agreement that prospective studies were needed (75% agreed or strongly agreed); that national treatment guidelines would enable practice (80%) and that a ‘pharmacology of oncolytics’ education programme would be useful (96%) to provide knowledge for dose individualisation.ConclusionDespite the limited experience of TDM in oncology in Australia, medical oncologists appear positive about the potential benefit to their patients. We have identified three barriers to implementation that could be targeted for increased adoption of TDM in oncology in Australia.