bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P01-204 - Internet Addiction in the Island of Hippokrates: Impact of Gender and Age in Teenage use and Abuse of the Internet
Authors: Floros G. , Fisoun V. , Siomos K. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo determine the differential impact of gender and age on pathological internet use (PIU) in the island of Kos, birthplace of Hippokrates and cradle of Medicine.MethodsWe surveyed the entire teen population (aged 14-19) of the island of Kos for symptoms of Internet addiction using Young's brief diagnostic questionnaire (YDQ) and an expanded demographics questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1221 adolescents, 587 male and 634 females, with a similar age distribution among the sexes.ResultsOne-hundred fourteen teens (11,3% of Internet users) were classified as possibly addicted to the Internet. Results indicate that gender plays a more significant role than age in Internet abuse; there is a distinct pattern among the sexes with the girls scoring lower scores in the YDQ in all ages (chi square=22.758, p< .001) with a marked difference in the 17-19 age range. Although the symptoms of PIU in girls subside in that age range, boys’ symptoms increase dramatically. Furthermore boys in that age range with higher YDQ scores report a subjective feeling of happiness, showing that PIU can be ego-syntonic. Usage patterns of those Internet users reporting heavier use are analyzed and presented graphically.ConclusionsThe discontents of modern civilization have spread to the furthermost corner of Europe, an island isolated from the continent during winter time. Results indicate that gender tends to heavily mitigate the effect of age on Internet abuse, with females being only transiently affected as their scores tend to fall dramatically with the onset of adult life.
P01-208 - Childhood Subcrinical Characteristics in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hamasaki Y. 
Published: June 2010

AimChildhood subclinical characteristics have not been fully investigated in patients with schizophrenia. To elucidate the picture of them, and to find out indicators which predict later development of schizophrenia, childhood behaviors of the adult schizophrenia subjects were investigated in a questionnaire-based retrospective study.MethodSchizophrenia outpatients (n=20) in his/her twenties and normal healthy subjects (n = 120) were investigated. All patients are diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR as schizophrenia, and who present now mainly negative symptoms after passing an acute stage. By modified use of the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) as a retrospective assessment questionnaire, the parents of the patients and of control subjects rated their childhood behavior.ResultsThe hit-rate when classifying the schizophrenic and normal subjects by discriminant function using all items of CBCL totaled 97.0%. Notable in an item-level analysis was an extremely attenuated aggression in personal relations in the schizophrenia subjects. Among eight subscales of the CBCL, those of Withdrawal, Social Problems, Attention Problems and Aggressive Behavior contributed most to the accuracy of the prediction of group membership.ConclusionIt was suggested that subclinical behavioral and psychological characteristics of schizophrenia already exist in the patients’ childhood.
P01-209 - Validation Study of the Modified Social Communication Questionnaire
Authors: Hanley S. , Mulligan A. , Houlihan B. , Sodipo T. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe 40 item Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) screens for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is quicker to administer than the (two hour) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). A recent study, however, found that two questions on the SCQ were answered “autism positive” in 40% of a normal population children's sample. A modified SCQ (MSCQ) without these questions may be more specific than the SCQ.ObjectiveTo compare the performance of the MSCQ with that of the ADI-R.Methods42 children were recruited to the study, 22 from Mater CAMHS and 20 from St Paul's Hospital and Special School. 20 were diagnosed with autism, 10 with ASD, and 12 with other clinical diagnoses. The MSCQ was sent out as a postal questionnaire to be completed before attending for ADI-R interview. To assess the diagnostic validity of the MSCQ correlations between the MSCQ and ADI-R were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then applied to assess its discriminate ability.ResultsA strong correlation of 0.84 was found between ADI-RTotal and MSCQTotal scores. Using ROC Curves, a cut-off of 14.5 on the MSCQ had a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.82 for identifying ASD from other clinical disorders. A cut-off of 21.5 on the MSCQ had a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.77 for identifying autism from other diagnoses.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that the MSCQ is a clinically useful and accurate method of assessing for ASD.
P01-210 - Self Disclosure, Depression, Anxiety and Aggression in Adolescents
Authors: Horesh N. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo examine the personality variable of self disclosure, and its relationship to depression, anxiety, aggression in adolescents.Methods80 adolescent inpatients in four university affiliated hospitals and 57 healthy adolescent controls were evaluated. The following measurements were employed: Beck Depression Inventory, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Impulse Control Scale, State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory, The Feeling and Acts of Violence Scale and Shulman Self Disclosure Scale.ResultsThere were significant negative correlations between depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and self disclosure to family members and significant positive correlations between control of anger and self disclosure towards family members, in the patient group.ConclusionsThe ability to self-disclose may be a protective variable. A focal point of intervention in preventing and treating psychopathology in adolescents may be fostering self- disclosure.
P01-217 - Etiology of Adolescent Substance Use: Neighborhood Effects on Initiation
Authors: Burdzovic Andreas J. , Watson M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesWe investigated the timing of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use initiation in adolescents, focusing on three levels of predictors: (1) individual-, (2) family- and (3) neighborhood characteristics.MethodA community-representative sample of 440 mother-child dyads was assessed 4 times over 6 years. Children were on average 10 (+ 2) years old at baseline (T1), with equal SES, gender and ethnic representation.We examined the timing of first alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use as reported by children on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) at T3 in relation to predictors collected at baseline (T1).Individual-level predictors at T1 included child gender, race, and child reports of sensation seeking. Family-level predictors included household size, maternal education, family income, and child-reported exposure to home violence. Finally, maternal and child reports regarding gangs and drugs in the neighborhood, and child reports of neighborhood violence were factor-analyzed into a single scale, where higher scores reflected unsafer neighborhoods.To examine the timing of first cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use as a function of the above predictors, three separate Cox regression (i.e., survival) models were estimated.ResultsControlling for all other predictors, neighborhood safety remained significant predictor of substance use initiation among adolescents across all three examined substances. Children living in unsafe neighborhoods started, on average, smoking, drinking, and using marijuana at an earlier age, as indicated by positive and significant regression coefficients.ConclusionsThese results point to the importance of broader contextual influences - such as neighborhoods - on underage substance use initiation.
P01-219 - Clinical Efficacy of Tenoten for Children in Treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Kheyfets I. , Chutko L. , Surushkina S. , Dugina J. , Kachanova M. , Sergeeva S. , Epstein O. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo assess efficacy and safety of tenoten for children (TC, ultra-low doses of antibodies to S100 protein) in ADHD patients.MethodsIn a double-blind placebo-controlled study 50 children (6-12 years) met DSM-IV criteria, mild/moderate CGI-ADHD-Severity and ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv > 22 points were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either TC (2 tablets BID, n=25) or placebo (n=25) for 12 weeks. ADHD symptoms were assessed by ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv, CPRS-R:S and CGI-ADHD-Severity.ResultsAccording to both parents and investigators assessment TC decreased ADHD symptoms: ADHDRS-IV total score reduced by 13.5 points, hyperactivity by 6.7 points, inattention by 6.8 points (5.4, 2.3 and 3.2 in placebo); CPRS-R:S total score reduced by 12.8 points, hyperactivity by 3.6 points, inattention by 6.1 points (4.8, 1.8 and 1.7 in placebo). ADHD severity reduced in 9 patients received TC and 3 patients received placebo. No adverse effects were reported in both groups.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated good clinical efficacy and safety of TC in children with ADHD. Total score (M±m)Hyperactivity (M±m)Inattention (M±m) Baseline12 weekBaseline12 weekBaseline12 weekADHDRS-IVTC34.2±1.3920.7±1.84**15.8±1.009.1±1.06*18.4±0.6311.6±0.96**Placebo33.6±1.2628.2±1.8215.0±0.8712.7±0.9918.7±0.5115.5±0.96CPRS-R:STC47.6±2.4634.8±2.61**9.7±0.796.1±0.58***23.5±1.0717.4±1.15***Placebo51.9±2.2547.1±2.5911.3±0.759.8±0.7924.9±0.9323.2±0.99*,*,*** - p< 0.05; p< 0.01; p< 0.001 vs placebo
P01-221 - Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children-commorbidity with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Koulopoulou A. 
Published: June 2010

Previous studies at General Children's Hospital of Penteli have indicated that children in primary school with learning difficulties often present secondary psychological problems (e.g. anxiety, depression, anger). This study aimed to systematise the typology of these psychological problems, to confirm the same hypothesis to adolescents and finally to explore the role of children's sex.The sample consisted of 421 children (292 boys, 129 girls) aged 7 to 14 years old. Children were categorised into 3 groups: children with a) slight learning difficulties, b) dyslexia and c) mental disabilities. Children completed Beck Youth Inventory, while their parents were invited to fill Ascenbach's questionnaire. To compare the 3 groups, we used the t-test, as well as ANOVA.According to Beck Youth Inventoiry, 29% of children mentioned low self-esteem, 32,3% presented anxiety, 22,1% depression symptoms, 21,6% anger and 20,9% disruptive behavior. According to Ascenbach's questionnaire, 21,4% of parents mentioned that their children presented anxiety, 21,4% depression symptoms, 18,5% aggressiveness and 16,2% deliquent behaviour. Based upon these results, it could be argued that parents tend to underestimate these secondary psychoemotional symptoms and mainly focus on the treatment of learning difficulties.As it was expected, children with dyslexia presented higher levels of anxiety, regardless of their age. Nevertheless, children's self-esteem seemed to be aggravated by age, as adolescents often present lower self-esteem. Furthermore, children's sex was found to be an important factor, as girls with dyslexia had lower self-esteem and more anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas boys presented disruptive and deliquent behavior more regularly.
P01-225 - Hospital Admissions and Personality Pathology in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Magallón-Neri E. , Canalda G. , Forns M. , De la Fuente J.E. , García R. , González E. , Castro-Fornieles J. 
Published: June 2010

The use of psychiatric services has been associated with a wide range of clinical variables. However, information about the impact of adolescent personality pathology related to hospital admissions is limited.ObjectiveTo analyze the different combination of personality pathology associated to variables of psychiatric hospital admissions (number of admissions, total of days spent as psychiatric inpatient, average of days for admission, and number of admissions in a day care hospital).MethodThe ICD-10 and DSM-IV modules of the semi-structured interview IPDE (International Personality Disorders Examination) were administered, in a sample of 107 adolescent psychiatric patients (M=15.8, SD=0.8 years old; age rank 15-17; 79% female).ResultsPersonality pathology group identified by the IPDE showed significantly higher number (p< .001) of psychiatric admissions (M=1.48) than no personality pathology group (M=0.57), but not significant higher number of admissions in a day care hospital. Psychotic patients showed the highest rate of admissions (M=2.88). In present sample, between 30% and 38% of all hospital admitted patients showed a Cluster B personality disorder (PD).The users of psychiatric inpatient services with a complex PD (two o more PD from different clusters) presents in average: 2-2.5 admissions, 34-53 total days spent as psychiatric inpatient, and 11-16 days on each admission.ConclusionPatients with psychotic disorders or complex PD were the highest users of inpatients services, but not of day care hospital admissions.
P01-228 - Oxidative Stress and Family Environment in Unaffected Relatives of Psychotic Patients
Authors: Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M. , Vega P. , Besga A. , Peciña J.R. , Gonzalez-Oliveros R. , Lopez P. , Garcia G. , Uribe F. , Alvarez N. , Gonzalez-Pinto A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesOxidative stress suposses an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants molecules. Negative and positive family environment have been related with worse and better outcomes respectively in schizophrenic patients.Our objetive is to determine antioxidant defense in healthy controls and unaffected relatives of early onset psychosis patients and to asses its relationship with familiar environment.MethodsWe included 82 healthy controls (HC) and 14 healthy controls with second degree family history of psychosis (HCWFHP), aged between 9 to 17.Total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation test were determined in plasma and antioxidant enzime activities and glutathione levels were determined in erytrocytes.We used the Global Assesment Functioning scale (GAF) and the Family Environment Scale (FES). The FES is made up of ten subscales: cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, achievement, intellectual-cultural, social, moral, organization and control.ResultsThe analyses showed a significant decrease in total antioxidant level in HCWFHP compared with the HC (U Mann Withney = 281.00, p=0.009, effect size= -0.78).HC and HCWFHP did not differ in the GAF scale, nevertheless the scores of HCWFHP were significantly higher in cohesion and intellectual-cultural dimensions of the FES (p=0.007, p=0.025).Adjusting by this two FES dimensions, antioxidant status remained significantly different between groups: OR= 10.86, p=0.009.DiscussionAlthough we cannot induce causative relations, we can state that family environment is not playing a role in inducing oxidative stress in these subjects. It could be hypothesized that families with affected relatives protect themselves with positive envionmental factors such as cohesion and intellectual-cultural activities.
P01-230 - The ADHD Boys with Externalizing Disorders are More Pessimistic Then ADHD Boys with Internalizing Symptoms and Their Healthy Peers
Authors: Dabkowski M. , Dabkowska M. 
Published: June 2010

An adolescence - the time of identity seeking is often determined by questions about subjective influence on an event. A teenager with ADHD experiences states that are appercepted as lack of self control over the events which may be the source of shaping of specific means of attribution (as formulated in cognitive psychology)MethodsThe Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Teacher Rating Form (TRF), Youth Self Report (YSR) by Achenbach, 1991 and the style of explaining events (measured by Seligman's Attributional Style Questionnaire) were administered to a cohort of ADHD outpatients boys (34) and randomly matched-paired community reference sample of primary school male pupils. The results were statistically proved.ResultsAdolescence of boys with ADHD was overfilled in a characteristic way with pessimism more than in healthy boys. The boys had more externalized and internalized disorders, however, only the externalized disorders indicated direct correlation with pessimistic attribution. The intensification of internalized disorders didn’t change the coloring of adolescence neither among boys with ADHD nor among healthy boys.ConclusionPessimistic way of interpreting the world that is distinctly present among boys with ADHD is closely connected with the intensification of behavior disorders.
P01-232 - Correlation among neuropsychological tests and questionnaires in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Najafi M. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundCurrent study aimed to assess the possibility of prediction of continuous performance test in primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with parents and teacher reports of inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional behavior.MethodsFifteen school aged children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder without co-morbid psychiatric disorders were selected from Roozbeh child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Teachers and parent Conner's questionnaires, Continuous Performance Test and 4 class dictation scores were registered from each subject.ResultsCommission errors were correlated with hyperactivity scale in the parent report (r=-0.50, p< 0.05), and with ADHD score (r=-0.49, p< 0.05). Omission error was correlated with inattention (r=0.66, p< 0.05) and ADHD score (r=0.51, p< 0.05) on teachers report. Reaction time was correlated with oppositional (r=0.51, p< 0.05) subscale in parents Conner's questionnaire. Dictation scores were correlated with inattention on parents report (r=-0.52, p< 0.05) and omission on Continuous Performance Test (r=-0.79, p< 0.05).ConclusionCurrent study reported a significant correlation between neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, in ADHD.
P01-233 - Improving the dictation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using computer based interventions: a clinical trial
Authors: Najafi M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to assess the impact of computer games and computer-assisted type instruction on dictation scores of elementary school children with attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodIn this single-blind clinical trial, 37 elementary school children with ADHD, selected by convenience sampling and divided into group I (n=17) and group II (n=20), underwent eight one-hour sessions (3 sessions per week) of intervention by computer games versus computer-assisted type instruction, respectively. 12 school dictation scores were considered: 4 scores preintervention, 4 scores during interventions, and 4 scores post-intervention. Dictation test was taken during each session. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.ResultsTwo groups were matched for age, gender, school grade, medication, IQ, parent's and teacher's Conners’ scale scores, having computer at home, history of working with computer, and mean dictation scores. There was no significant difference in dictation scores before and after interventions and also between the study groups. The improvement in school dictation scores had no significant correlation with age, gender, Ritalin use, owning a computer at home and past history of computer work, baseline dictation scores, Ritalin dose, educational status, IQ, and the total score of parent's and teacher's Conners’ rating scale.ConclusionAbsence of significant improvement in dictation scores in study groups may be due to the confounding effect of other variables with known impact on dictation scores. Further studies in this field should also assess the change of attention and memory.
P01-237 - Dissecting the pain: self-mutilation in adolescents
Authors: Pedroso S. , Soares M. , Garrido J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSelf-mutilation refers to a variety of behaviors in which individuals deliberately inflict body lesions against themselves, with not accepted or even socially reproved purposes, but with no suicidal intent. Adolescence is a known risk factor for these behaviors.Objectives and aimsClinical and bibliographic review of self-mutilation in adolescence.MethodsReview of medical files of adolescents followed in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Bibliographic review of papers about self-mutilation in adolescents.ResultsThe authors present 5 clinical vignettes (4 girls and 1 boy) of adolescents presenting with self-mutilations. Proposed theoretical models explaining the causes of these behaviors and their alleged functional role for the individual are presented based on the bibliographic review. Implicated psychosocial factors (predisposing and precipitating), associated symptoms and psychiatric syndromes (eg.: depression, personality disorders) and relation to suicide are discussed. Finally, different therapeutic approaches are presented as well as the major challenges to intervention in these situations.Conclusions: Self-mutilation represents a heterogeneous clinical condition with a multifactorial and complex pathophysiology requiring a comprehensive biopsychosocial intervention.
P01-249 - Emotional and behavioral symptoms related to sociodemographic factors for the children/adolescents presented at Tirana child/adolescent psychiatric clinic
Authors: Skendi V. , Alikaj V. , Suli A. 
Published: June 2010

Children/adolescents make an important part of Albanian society. The objective of this study was to identify emotional and behavioral problems and their relation with socio-demographic factors.MethodsStrength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman et al, 1998) completed from children and their parents. SDQ included 25 items, generating scores for emotional-behavioral problems.Statistical analysisWas completed using SPSS 10.0. Comparisons were made between groups, problems and predictive factors influencing emotional and behavioral problems.ResultsA total of 200 children referred to CAP from 2 - 17 years old were screened, from which 53.1% males and 46.3% females. Mean age was 9.5 ± 4.4 years old. 15.4% were identified being with borderline emotional symptoms and 62.9% were within abnormal range of emotional symptoms. 16.7% of the children were identified with borderline behavioral symptom and 60.6% were within abnormal range of behavioral symptoms. 10.5% were identified with borderline hyperactivity symptoms and 48.7% were within abnormal range of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms. From the total sample resulted that 8% of them had borderline difficulties and other 84.6% of the subjects had experienced abnormal and major overall social, emotional, behavioral difficulties. There was a significant statistical difference between symptoms and gender (p< 0.002).ConclusionsThis study represents a serious approach in identifying problems of emotional and behavioral health for Albanian children/adolescents and the need of further studies in community for the prevention of mental health problems in children/adolescents.