bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence and low intensity of Echinophthirius horridus infection in seals revealed by high effort sampling
Authors: Herzog Insa , Siebert Ursula , Lehnert Kristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeal lice (Echinophthirius horridus) are bloodsucking ectoparasites of phocid seals and vectors of pathogens like the heartworm, Acanthocheilonema spirocauda. Grey and harbour seal populations are recovering in German waters and wildlife health surveillance is crucial for wildlife conservation. A new, high effort sampling protocol for seal lice was applied for grey and harbour seals along the German North- and Baltic Sea coast. Freshly dead seals were systematically sampled within a health monitoring of stranded seals over 12 months. Prevalence, intensity and distribution patterns of seal lice were analysed. 58% of harbour seals (n = 71) and 70% of grey seals (n = 10) were infected with seal lice. A majority of harbour seals displayed mild levels of infection, while three were moderately and two were severely infected. The head was the preferred predilection site, indicating that E. horridus prefers body areas with frequent access to atmospheric oxygen. Nits and different developmental stages were recorded in all age classes in grey and harbour seals in all seasons. For the first time, copulating specimens of E. horridus were recorded on a dead harbour seal, highlighting that E. horridus reproduces throughout the year on seals of all age classes in German waters.
Modulation of the glycaemic index value of shortbread cookies by the use of erythritol and fruit pomace
Authors: Raczkowska Ewa , Bienkiewicz Maciej , Gajda Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFruit pomace, as a by-product of fruit and vegetable processing, is a cheap and easily accessible material for further processing that can replace selected recipe ingredients, most often flour. In addition, their advantage is their high health-promoting potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous use of erythritol (100% sucrose substitution) and the addition of varying amounts of blackcurrant, chokeberry and apple pomace (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% by weight of flour) on the glycaemic response after consumption of shortbread cookies in an in vivo study with humans (ISO 26642:2010). It was shown that an increase in the addition of each type of pomace reduced the glycaemic index value of the cookies. The pomace and sucrose-sweetened cookies were classified in the medium and low GI group. For each type of pomace, an increase in its share in the recipe of cookies was associated with a reduction in GI values (pomace: apple 49.1–37.2%, blackcurrant 56.4–41.0%, chokeberry 59.4–35.5%). Similar correlations were shown for the use of erythritol (pomace: apple 39.5–29.1%, blackcurrant 43.9–31.9%, chokeberry 34.6–20.7%). A significant effect of pomace addition on the GI values of shortbread cookies, was only observed for sucrose-sweetened products. The results obtained allow the conclusion that there is potential for the use of waste raw materials in the production of functional foods.
High-throughput screening of non-conventional yeasts for conversion of organic waste to microbial oils via carboxylate platform
Authors: Žganjar Mia , Ogrizović Mojca , Matul Mojca , Čadež Neža , Gunde-Cimerman Nina , González-Fernández Cristina , Gostinčar Cene , Tomás-Pejó Elia , Petrovič Uroš 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConverting waste into high-value products promotes sustainability by reducing waste and creating new revenue streams. This study investigates the potential of diverse yeasts for microbial oil production by utilizing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can be produced from organic waste and focuses on identifying strains with the best SCFA utilisation, tolerance and lipid production. A collection of 1434 yeast strains was cultivated with SCFAs as the sole carbon source. Eleven strains emerged as candidates with promising growth rates and high lipid accumulation. Subsequent fermentation experiments in liquid SCFA-rich media, which focused on optimizing lipid accumulation by adjusting the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, showed an increase in lipid content at a C/N ratio of 200:1, but with a concurrent reduction in biomass. Two strains were characterized by their superior ability to produce lipids compared to the reference strain Yarrowia lipolytica CECT124: Y. lipolytica EXF-17398 and Pichia manshurica EXF-7849. Characterization of these two strains indicated that they exhibit a biotechnologically relevant balance between maximizing lipid yield and maintaining growth at high SCFA concentrations. These results emphasize the potential of using SCFAs as a sustainable feedstock for oleochemical production, offering a dual benefit of waste valorisation and microbial oil production.
Assessing safety and efficacy of TNFi treatment in late onset ankylosing spondylitis: a TURKBIO registry study
Authors: Uslu Sadettin , Gulle Semih , Sen Gercek , Cefle Ayse , Yilmaz Sema , Kocaer Sinem Burcu , Yuce Inel Tuba , Koca Suleyman Serdar , Yolbas Servet , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Senel Soner , Inanc Nevsun , Dalkilic Huseyin Ediz , Soysal Gunduz Ozgul , Tufan Abdurrahman , Akar Servet , Birlik Ahmet Merih , Sari Ismail , Akkoc Nurullah , Onen Fatos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClinical data on the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in late-onset ankylosing spondylitis (LoAS) are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate efficacy, safety, and treatment adherence associated with the initial use of TNFi therapy in biologic naive patients diagnosed with LoAS. Patients whose age of onset was ≥ 45 years and < 45 years were classified as having LoAS and YoAS, respectively, based on the age of symptom onset. There were 2573 patients with YoAS and 281 LoAS. Baseline disease activity measures were similar between the groups. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in response to treatment and in remaining on the first TNFi at 6, 12 and 24 months. In the LoAS group, the analysis showed that TNFi discontinuation was linked to VAS pain score (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Patient groups had similar rates of adverse events (YoAS: 8.7% vs. LoAS: 11.7%). In both biologic naive LoAS and YoAS patients, the study showed that the initial TNFi therapy was equally effective and safe.
Direct formation of copper nanoparticles from atoms at graphitic step edges lowers overpotential and improves selectivity of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Burwell Tom , Thangamuthu Madasamy , Aliev Gazi N. , Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Kohlrausch Emerson C. , Chen Yifan , Theis Wolfgang , Norman Luke T. , Fernandes Jesum Alves , Besley Elena , Licence Pete , Khlobystov Andrei N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA key strategy for minimizing our reliance on precious metals is to increase the fraction of surface atoms and improve the metal-support interface. In this work, we employ a solvent/ligand/counterion-free method to deposit copper in the atomic form directly onto a nanotextured surface of graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNFs). Our results demonstrate that under these conditions, copper atoms coalesce into nanoparticles securely anchored to the graphitic step edges, limiting their growth to 2–5 nm. The resultant hybrid Cu/GNF material displays high selectivity in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for formate production with a faradaic efficiency of ~94% at -0.38 V vs RHE and a high turnover frequency of 2.78 × 106 h-1. The Cu nanoparticles adhered to the graphitic step edges significantly enhance electron transfer to CO2. Long-term CO2RR tests coupled with atomic-scale elucidation of changes in Cu/GNF reveal nanoparticles coarsening, and a simultaneous increase in the fraction of single Cu atoms. These changes in the catalyst structure make the onset of the CO2 reduction potential more negative, leading to less formate production at -0.38 V vs RHE, correlating with a less efficient competition of CO2 with H2O for adsorption on single Cu atoms on the graphitic surfaces, revealed by density functional theory calculations.
Automatic beam optimization method for scanning electron microscopy based on electron beam Kernel estimation
Authors: Cho Yunje , Cho Junghee , Park Jonghyeok , Wang Jeonghyun , Jeong Seunggyo , Lee Jubok , Hwang Yun , Kim Jiwoong , Yu Jeongwoo , Chung Heesu , Park Hyenok , Shon Subong , Jo Taeyong , Lee Myungjun , Kim Kwangrak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) leverages electron wavelengths for nanoscale imaging, necessitating precise parameter adjustments like focus, stigmator, and aperture alignment. However, traditional methods depend on skilled personnel and are time-consuming. Existing auto-focus and auto-stigmation techniques face challenges due to interdependent nature of these parameters and sample diversity. We propose a beam kernel estimation method to independently optimize SEM parameters, regardless of sample variations. Our approach untangles parameter influences, enabling concurrent optimization of focus, stigmator x, y, and aperture-align x, y. It achieves robust performance, with average errors of 1.00 μm for focus, 0.30% for stigmators, and 0.79% for aperture alignment, surpassing sharpness-based approach with its average errors of 6.42 μm for focus and 2.32% for stigmators and lacking in aperture-align capabilities. Our approach addresses SEM parameter interplay via blind deconvolution, facilitating rapid and automated optimization, thereby enhancing precision, efficiency, and applicability across scientific and industrial domains.
Minimally-invasive implantable device enhances brain cancer suppression
Authors: Cao Xiaona , Li Jie , Ren Jinliang , Peng Jiajin , Zhong Ruyue , He Jiahao , Xu Ting , Yu Zhenhua , Jin Huawei , Hao Siqi , Liu Ruiwei , Xu Bingzhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent brain tumor treatments are limited by the skull and BBB, leading to poor prognosis and short survival for glioma patients. We introduce a novel minimally-invasive brain tumor suppression (MIBTS) device combining personalized intracranial electric field therapy with in-situ chemotherapeutic coating. The core of our MIBTS technique is a wireless-ultrasound-powered, chip-sized, lightweight device with all functional circuits encapsulated in a small but efficient “Swiss-roll” structure, guaranteeing enhanced energy conversion while requiring tiny implantation windows ( ~ 3 × 5 mm), which favors broad consumers acceptance and easy-to-use of the device. Compared with existing technologies, competitive advantages in terms of tumor suppressive efficacy and therapeutic resolution were noticed, with maximum ~80% higher suppression effect than first-line chemotherapy and 50–70% higher than the most advanced tumor treating field technology. In addition, patient-personalized therapy strategies could be tuned from the MIBTS without increasing size or adding circuits on the integrated chip, ensuring the optimal therapeutic effect and avoid tumor resistance. These groundbreaking achievements of MIBTS offer new hope for controlling tumor recurrence and extending patient survival.
Nanosized Chevrel phases for dendrite-free zinc–ion based energy storage: unraveling the phase transformations
Authors: Elgendy Amr , Papaderakis Athanasios A. , Ejigu Andinet , Helmbrecht Katharina , Spencer Ben F. , Groß Axel , Walton Alex S. , Lewis David J. , Dryfe Robert A. W. 
Published: June 2024

Nanoscale tailoring of Chevrel phase Mo6S8 unveils its properties as a host for zinc ions. Rapid ion transport, coupled with the emergence of a previously unknown phase, transform the understanding of zinc ion (de)intercalation in these materials.
The Efficacy of
Story Champs
for Improving Oral Language in Third-Grade Spanish–English Bilingual Students With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Risueño R. J. , Gray Shelley , Romeo Savannah 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

We investigated the efficacy of
Story Champs
for improving oral language in third-grade Spanish–English bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method:
We implemented a concurrent multiple-baseline across-participants single-case design with four bilingual Spanish–English third-grade students with DLD. Treatment was carried out over 12 sessions with approximately two sessions per week. Maintenance sessions were conducted 1, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention. Participants were explicitly taught story grammar elements, causal and temporal connections, and modifiers within story retells and personal narratives. Dependent variables were story grammar, grammatical complexity, modifiers and listening comprehension within story retells, and story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of every baseline, intervention, and maintenance session using the Narrative Language Measures–Listening (NLM-L).

Results:
Visual analyses for outcome measures suggested slight increases in scores on the NLM-L during intervention accompanied by marked variability. Within-case analyses of story retell performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for two participants and on grammatical complexity and modifier use for one participant. For personal narratives, within-case analyses of personal narrative performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for one participant.

Conclusions:

Overall,
Story Champs
demonstrated efficacy for improving story grammar use in story retells for three out of four participants. It did not show efficacy for improving grammatical complexity, modifier use, or listening comprehension within story retells, nor did it show efficacy for improving story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26053033
Writing in Elementary Students With Language-Based Learning Disabilities: A Pilot Study to Examine Feasibility and Promise
Authors: Puranik Cynthia S. , Koutsoftas Anthony 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Although children with language-based learning disabilities (LLD) demonstrate significant difficulties with writing, empirical evidence to support interventions is sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and promise of a writing intervention for fourth- and fifth-grade students with LLD (WILLD: writing in students with LLD). The intervention components included word-, sentence-, and discourse-level writing processes and instructional practices using self-regulation strategies.

Method:
Participants for this study were 15 students with LLD, recruited from three different schools. Students' writing was assessed using a sentence probe task and obtaining an informative paragraph writing sample as a measure of proximal writing outcomes. Trained speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and special educators delivered the intervention in a small-group format over 12 weeks. Using a within-group pre–post design, we examined changes in writing outcomes before and after the intervention.

Results:
Results indicated that the intervention helped students improve their informative writing skills; students' writing quality showed a statistically significant increase, and grammatical errors showed a significant decrease.

Conclusions:
Evidence from this pilot effort indicates that WILLD was feasible and appears to show promise for improving writing outcomes for fourth- and fifth-grade students with LLD when delivered by SLPs and special educators in a small-group format. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26053132
Warped disk evolution in grid-based simulations
Authors: Kimmig C. N. , Dullemond C. P. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Multiple observations have offered evidence that a significant fraction of protoplanetary disks contain warps. A warp in a disk evolves over time, affecting the appearance and shape of shadows and arcs. It also greatly influences kinematic signatures. Understanding warp evolution helps provide valuable insights into its origins.
Aims. Thus far, numerous theoretical studies of warped disks have been conducted using methods based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In our approach, we use a grid-based method in spherical coordinates, which offers notable advantages. For instance, it allows for an accurate modeling of low viscosity values. Furthermore, the resolution does not depend on density or mass of the disk and permits surface structures to be resolved.
Methods. We performed 3D simulations using FARGO3D to simulate the evolution of a warped disk and compared the results to 1D models. We extensively investigated the applicability of grid-based methods to misaligned disks and tested their dependence on the grid resolution as well as the disk viscosity.
Results. We find that grid-based hydrodynamic simulations are capable of simulating disks not aligned to the grid geometry. Our 3D simulation of a warped disk offers an apt comparison with 1D models in terms of the evolution of inclination. However, we also found a twist that is not captured in 1D models. After thorough analysis, we suspect this to be a physical effect possibly caused by non-linear effects neglected in the 1D equations. Evaluating the internal dynamics, we found sloshing and breathing motions, as predicted in local shearing box analysis. They may become supersonic, possibly leading to strong consequences for kinematic observations.
Conclusions. Warped disks can be accurately modeled in 3D grid-based hydrodynamics simulations when using a reasonably good resolution, especially in the θ-direction. We find a good agreement with the linear approximation of the sloshing motion, which highlights the reliability of 1D models.
From gas to stars: MUSEings on the internal evolution of IC 1613
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Roth M. M. , Kamann S. , Iorio G. , Gallart C. , Leaman R. , Skillman E. D. , Kacharov N. , Beasley M. A. , Mancera Piña P. E. , van de Ven G. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The kinematics and chemical composition of stellar populations of different ages provide crucial information on the evolution of the various components of a galaxy.
Aim. Our aim is to determine the kinematics of individual stars as a function of age in IC 1613, a star-forming, gas-rich, and isolated dwarf galaxy of the Local Group (LG).
Methods. We present results of a new spectroscopic survey of IC 1613 conducted with MUSE, an integral field spectrograph mounted on the Very Large Telescope. We extracted ∼2000 sources, from which we separated stellar objects for their subsequent spectral analysis. The quality of the dataset allowed us to obtain accurate classifications (Teff to better than 500 K) and line-of-sight velocities (with average δv ∼ 7 km s−1) for about 800 stars. Our sample includes not only red giant branch (RGB) and main sequence (MS) stars, but also a number of probable Be and C stars. We also obtained reliable metallicities (δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.25 dex) for about 300 RGB stars.
Results. The kinematic analysis of IC 1613 revealed for the first time the presence of stellar rotation with high significance. We found general agreement with the rotation velocity of the neutral gas component. Examining the kinematics of stars as a function of broad age ranges, we find that the velocity dispersion increases as a function of age, with the behaviour being very clear in the outermost pointings, while the rotation-to-velocity dispersion support decreases. On timescales of < 1 Gyr, the stellar kinematics still follow very closely that of the neutral gas, while the two components decouple on longer timescales. The chemical analysis of the RGB stars revealed average properties comparable to other Local Group dwarf galaxies. We also provide a new estimation of the inclination angle using only independent stellar tracers.
Conclusions. Our work provides the largest spectroscopic sample of an isolated LG dwarf galaxy. The results obtained seem to support the scenario in which the stars of a dwarf galaxy are born from a less turbulent gas over time.
Evidence for bipolar explosions in Type IIP supernovae
Authors: Nagao T. , Maeda K. , Mattila S. , Kuncarayakti H. , Kawabata M. , Taguchi K. , Nakaoka T. , Cikota A. , Bulla M. , Vasylyev S. S. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Yamanaka M. , Isogai K. , Uno K. , Ogawa M. , Inutsuka S. , Tsurumi M. , Imazawa R. , Kawabata K. S. 
Published: June 2024

Aims. Recent observations of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) suggest aspherical explosions. Globally, aspherical structures in SN explosions are thought to encode information regarding the underlying explosion mechanism. However, the exact explosion geometries from the inner cores to the outer envelopes are poorly understood.
Methods. Here, we present photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations of the Type IIP SN 2021yja and discuss its explosion geometry in comparison to those of other Type IIP SNe that show large-scale aspherical structures in their hydrogen envelopes (SNe 2012aw, 2013ej and 2017gmr).
Results. During the plateau phase, SNe 2012aw and 2021yja exhibit high continuum polarization characterized by two components with perpendicular polarization angles. This behavior can be interpreted as being due to a bipolar explosion, where the SN ejecta is composed of a polar (energetic) component and an equatorial (bulk) component. In such a bipolar explosion, an aspherical axis created by the polar ejecta would dominate at early phases, while the perpendicular axis along the equatorial ejecta would emerge at late phases after the photosphere in the polar ejecta has receded. Our interpretation of the explosions in SNe 2012aw and 2021yja as bipolar is also supported by other observational properties, including the time evolution of the line velocities and the line shapes in the nebular spectra. The polarization of other Type IIP SNe that show large-scale aspherical structures in the hydrogen envelope (SNe 2013ej and 2017gmr) is also consistent with the bipolar-explosion scenario, although this is not conclusive.