Procedural outcome of transvenous lead extraction in patients with right-sided leads - a GALLERY subgroup analysis
Authors: Schlichting A , Chung D , Rexha E , Kaiser L , Pecha S , Hassan K , Gessler N , Reichenspurner H , Willems S , Hakmi S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices has become a well-established therapy for patients with lead complications. However, there is limited information on specific outcomes for patients with right-sided leads compared to patients with left-sided leads undergoing TLE.

Aim
The aim of this study was to analyze patient characteristics, procedural outcomes as well as adverse events and mortality of patients with right-sided leads undergoing TLE with the excimer laser sheath as a first line therapy.

Methods
We performed a subgroup analysis of all reported patients in the GALLERY (GermAn Laser Lead Extraction RegistrY) with unilateral right-sided leads (Group 1) or unilateral left-sided leads (Group 2).

Results
2438 patients with unilateral leads were analyzed. 750 patients were in Group 1 and 1688 patients were in Group 2. Patients in Group 1 were older (71.1 ± 13.9 vs. 66.5 ± 13.6; p &lt; 0.001), more patients were female (31.7% vs. 22.1%, p &lt; 0.001), had a lower body-mass-index (26.8 ± 4.5 vs. 27.2 ± 4.7; p=0.03) and more patients were pacemaker dependent (44.9% vs. 25.4%, p&lt; 0.001). The primary indication for TLE was local infection (46.0% vs. 30.6%, p&lt; 0.001) in Group 1 and lead dysfunction (20.0% vs. 36.1%, p&lt; 0.0001) in Group 2. The frequency of TLE for systemic infection was indifferent between groups (28.9% vs. 27.6%, p=0.532). The most common device to be extracted were pacemakers (80.1% vs. 22.7%, p&lt; 0.001) in Group 1 and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) (9.7 vs. 45.3%, p&lt; 0.001) and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRT) (9.6 vs. 31.5%); p&lt; 0.001) in Group 2. The mean number of total leads was not different between groups (2.4 ± 0.9 for Group 1 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 for Group 2; p=0.98), however median lead dwell time (120 vs. 85 months, p&lt; 0.001), patients with abandoned leads (32.0% vs. 25.9%; p=0.0022) and the use of additional extraction tools (8.4% vs. 5.7%, p=0.016) were significantly higher in Group 1. Patients with right-sided leads had a longer median hospital stay (10 vs. 9 [5; 15] p=0.001). Complete procedural success was higher in patients Group 2 (89.1 vs. 93.1%, p=0.001) but there was no difference in clinical success rates (97.7% vs. 98.0%, p=0.74). There was no difference in overall complication rates (4.3% vs. 4.2%, p=0.945). Neither procedure related mortality (0.3% vs. 0.7%, p=0.2940) nor all-cause mortality (3.5% vs. 3.4%, p=0.9101) differed between groups.

Conclusion
TLE procedures in patients with right-sided leads showed a lower procedural success rate and a higher need of additional tools. This patient group was older, more often pacemaker dependent and had a higher number of abandoned leads. Despite different patient and lead characteristics, there were no differences in clinical success-rates, procedure related complications or all-cause mortality between groups.