bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial versus Metabolic Insulin Resistance, A Descriptive Review
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Yao Huajie , Lai Jiaqi , Chen Yanmei , Li Xiaodong , Li Shanshan , Li Ling , He Fazhong 
Published: May 2024

:
Cardiovascular complications are a primary focus in the clinical management of
type 2 diabetes, as they are the leading causes of disability and mortality in individuals with diabetes.
Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction commonly coexist in diabetic patients.
An increasing body of research indicates a reciprocal and interconnected association between
endothelial function and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can manifest in two distinct
forms: endothelial and metabolic, with the former predominantly affecting vascular endothelial
cells and the latter primarily impacting peripheral cells. The understanding of endothelial insulin
resistance is crucial in comprehending the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications
in type 2 diabetes. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the correlations, interplays,
and molecular pathways linking endothelial insulin resistance and metabolic insulin resistance,
with the aim of offering novel insights and scholarly resources for the prevention and management
of diabetic vascular complications.
A 5-Year Audit of the Use of Sub-dermal Implants Contraceptives in a Teaching Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyanju Benedict T. , Olofinbiyi Babatunde A. , Ade-Ojo Idowu P. , Akpor Oluwaseyi A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The scientific community has developed non-biodegradable progestational
sub-dermal implants as a response to the need of some women for long-acting contraceptives
that are effective and safe.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of women who
received the implant and explore the side effects and reason for discontinuation of subdermal implant.

Method:
A retrospective audit of all the clients who opted for contraceptive implants between January
1st, 2011, to December 31st, 2015, was carried out. This was done by a senior registrar in the
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from the clinic register. The card numbers of all the
clients who agreed to use contraceptive implants were identified (589), and their case records
were retrieved from the records unit and family planning clinics. Only JadelleR and Implanon were
available in the clinic during the period of study. Using a proforma, information regarding the
clients’ age, religion, place of residence, level of education, observed side effects, and reason for
discontinuation was obtained.

Results:
The socio-demographic characteristics of the sub-dermal contraceptive implant acceptors
revealed that the age range of clients was between 16 to 49 years. Acceptance was highest among
the age group of 31-40 years (343; 58.2%). The various complications recorded revealed that most
(527; 89.5%) of the clients reported no complication, while 3.4% (20) had increased menstrual
flow and 2.7% (16) had menorrhagia. There was a significant association between educational
qualification (X2=25.733, p=0.041), age (X2= 23.657, p= 0.001), parity (X2=81.264, p=0.001), and
discontinuation of the implant.

Conclusion:
The study findings revealed an increase in the sub-dermal contraceptive implant uptake.
This may be due to its longevity. With adequate pre- and post-insertion counselling, the continuation
rate could be increased.
Evaluation of Novel Benzo-annelated 1,4-dihydropyridines as MDR Modulators in
Cancer Cells
Authors: Werner Peter , Szemerédi Nikolétta , Spengler Gabriella , Hilgeroth Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main problem in anticancer therapy today. Causative
transmembrane efflux pumps in cancer cells have been reconsidered as promising anticancer target structures to
restore anticancer drug sensitivity by various strategies, including MDR modulators. MDR modulators interfere
with the efflux pumps and improve the cellular efficiency of chemotherapeutics. So far, only a few candidates
have gone through clinical trials with disappointing results because of low specificity and toxic properties.

Aim:
This study aimed to find Novel MDR modulators to effectively combat multidrug resistance in cancer cells.

Objective:
We synthesized various novel benzo-annelated 1,4-dihydropyridines to evaluate them as MDR modulators
towards ABCB1 in cancer cells.

Methods:
Synthesized compounds were purified by column chromatography. The MDR modulation of ABCB1
was determined in cellular efflux assays using the flow cytometry technique and cellular fluorescent measurements
by the use of each fluorescent substrate.

Results:
Compounds were yielded in a two-step reaction with structurally varied components. Further, substituent-
dependent effects on the determined MDR inhibiting properties towards ABCB1 were discussed. Cellular
studies prove that there is no toxicity and restoration of cancer cell sensitivity towards the used anticancer drug.

Conclusion:
Novel MDR modulators could be identified with favorable methoxy and ester group functions. Their
use in both ABCB1 non-expressing and overexpressing cells proves a selective toxicity-increasing effect of the
applied anticancer agent in the ABCB1 overexpressing cells, whereas the toxicity effect of the anticancer drug
was almost unchanged in the non-expressing cells. These results qualify our novel compounds as perspective
anticancer drugs compared to MDR modulators with nonselective toxicity properties.
Inhibitory Role of L-theanine, a Structural Analogue of Glutamate, against
GluR5 Kainate Receptor and its Prospective Utility against
Excitotoxicity
Authors: Deb Satarupa , Borah Anupom 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Overactivation of receptors that respond to excitatory neurotransmitters
can result in various harmful outcomes, such as the inability to properly modulate calcium levels,
generation of free radicals, initiation of the mitochondrial permeability transition, and subsequent
secondary damage caused by excitotoxicity. A non-proteinogenic amino acid of tea, L-theanine, is
structurally related to glutamate, the major stimulatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Previous reports
have emphasised its ability to bind with glutamate receptors.

Objective:
An in-depth understanding of the binding compatibility between ionotropic glutamate
receptors and L-theanine is a compelling necessity.

Methods:
In this molecular docking study, the antagonistic effect of L-theanine and its possible
therapeutic benefit in GluR5 kainate receptor inhibition has been evaluated and compared to the
familiar AMPA and kainite receptor antagonists, cyanoquinoxaline (CNQX) and dinitroquinoxaline
(DNQX), using Molegro Virtual Docker 7.0.0.

Results:
The capacity of L-theanine to cohere with the GluR5 receptor was revealed to be higher
than that of glutamate, although it could not surpass the high binding tendency of competitive antagonists
CNQX and DNQX. Nonetheless, the drug-likeness score and the blood-brain barrier traversing
potential of L-theanine were higher than CNQX and DNQX.

Conclusion:
The study provides an inference to the advantage of L-theanine, which can be a safe
and effective alternative natural therapy for rescuing neuronal death due to excitotoxicity.
Automatic COVID-19 Prediction with Comprehensible Machine Learning Models
Authors: Puttegowda Kiran , DS Sunil Kumar , Mallu Sahana , CP Vijay , Ravi Vinayakumar , BC Sushmitha 
Published: May 2024

Background
The development of technology has a significant impact on every aspect of life, whether it is the medical industry or any other profession. The potential of artificial intelligence has been demonstrated in data processing and analysis is used to inform decisions in the field of health care. The most crucial action is the early detection of a life-threatening illness to stop its development and spread. Highly contagious COVID-19 is a disease that requires immediate attention as it has spread globally. There is a need for a technology that can be utilised to detect the virus because of how quickly it spreads. With the increased use of technology, we now have access to a wealth of COVID-19-related information that may be used to learn crucial details about the virus.

Objective
The objective of the work is to develop comprehensible machine learning models for the automatic prediction of COVID-19. These models aim to accurately predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection based on relevant input features, such as symptoms, demographics, and potential diagnostic tests or imaging results.

Methods
In this work, we mainly aimed to assess how well different machine learning methods might predict COVID-19 situations. In order to do this, we thoroughly evaluated a variety of widely used classifiers in machine learning. Popular algorithms like the random forest, k-nearest neighbour, and logistic regression were all included in our analysis.

Results
To assess the performance of our suggested algorithms using different machine learning techniques, we used an open-source dataset in the study. Our algorithms performed better than other models that are currently in use, which is noteworthy. The high degree of precision in predicting COVID-19 instances is demonstrated by our remarkable accuracy of 96.34%. We also obtained a good F1 score of 0.98 for our models, indicating the strength and efficiency of our method in obtaining metrics for both recall and precision.

Conclusion
This work highlights the possibility of understanding machine learning algorithms for COVID-19 prediction automatically. We have shown that techniques such as logistic regression, random forest, and k-nearest neighbor methods may reliably predict COVID-19 situations while preserving interpretability. In order to promote acceptance and confidence among healthcare professionals and enable well-informed decision-making in clinical settings, these models' transparency is essential. To improve these models' efficacy and scalability in the future, more research will be needed to enhance and validate them on a variety of datasets. In the end, utilizing understandable machine learning algorithms presents encouraging opportunities for COVID-19 early diagnosis and control, supporting international public health campaigns.
Assessment of University Students’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Breast Self-Examination in Bahrain: A Call for Action
Authors: Khonji Leena Mohammad , Rashwan Zohour Ibrahim , Eweida Rasha Salah , Narayanan Gayathripriya , Darwish Enas M , Bayoumi Magda Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Background
Breast cancer has become a significant global health concern in recent years, calling for action and intense methods of prevention and early identification.

Aim
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among university female students.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the University of Bahrain (UoB). A convenience sampling of 375 female students voluntarily completed the questionnaires.

Results
The students’ total percent scores in the three domains were less than 70% (63.25±10.60 for knowledge, 64.47±12.55 for Attitude, 56.03±18.27 for practices). The majority of students had unsatisfactory BSE practices (82.9%), and poor knowledge about BSE (69.6%). However, 28.5% of students had positive attitudes toward BSE.

Conclusion
The results indicate a significant gap in KAP related to BSE among university female students. The knowledge deficiency reflects finite awareness and understanding of the importance of BSE and using proper techniques. At the same time, the limited attitude might hinder students’ engagement and motivation in practicing BSE. Therefore, targeted educational initiatives and community engagement campaigns are essential to improve women’s awareness regarding BSE and enhance personal motivation toward the proper practice of BSE. Disseminating the appropriate practice of BSE in the community is also recommended.
Synergistic Outcomes in Drug Delivery: Exploring Harmonious Architectures
of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Samriddhi Bali , Shubhdeep Singh Bandral , Mohit Kumar , Ankush Saini , Rajan Swami 
Published: May 2024

Abstract::
Pharmaceutical excipients play a crucial role in determining the outcome of delivered
therapeutic cargo density. By far, polymers have captured the biggest share in the excipients market.
This surge in demand motivated researchers to look for newer and novel polymeric platforms.
Interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPN) are a class of polymer in the same polymer blend
league, where two different polymer chains penetrate; and align with each other without any sustainable
covalent bond. The novel agreement between the polymer chains equips the IPN with the
characteristic features of each participating polymer unit, thus making IPN superior to its predecessors.
IPN has crossed a long path, especially in the pharmaceutical medicine field, from the mere
coinage of the term to widespread usage, especially in drug delivery, where they increased the
bioavailability and efficacy of the co-delivered drugs. The current review will highlight the major
studies that have led to the current face of the IPN in various pharmaceutical domains. The present
review was conducted by comprehensively reviewing published reports within the recent period
using multiple keywords related to IPN and its role in drug delivery. Moving forward, continued
exploration and innovation in IPN technologies promise to further enhance their applications, offering
novel solutions for the challenges in drug delivery and therapeutic cargo density.
Appraisal of the Neuroprotective Potentials of Isoeugenol Using In-vitro, In-vivo and In-silico Approaches
Authors: Alyami Bandar A. , Ahmad Zeeshan , Ghufran Mehreen , Mahnashi Mater H. , Sadiq Abdul , Ayaz Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the elder
population and is linked to behavioral instability and cognitive decline. Only a few drugs are approved
for clinical management of AD. Volatile oils and their components exhibit diverse pharmacological
potentials, including neuroprotective properties. The current study aimed to evaluate isoeugenol's
neuroprotective potentials against cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine.

Methods:
Standard protocols were followed in the in-vitro antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory and
molecular docking assays. Isoeugenol was initially evaluated for antioxidant potential using DPPH
and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Subsequently, AChE/BChE inhibition studies were performed
following Ellman’s assay. To assess the compound's binding effectiveness at the enzymes' target
site, it was docked against the binding sites of cholinesterase. The effect of isoeugenol supplementation
on scopolamine-induced amnesia was assessed using Shallow Water Maze (SWM), Y-Maze and
Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests.

Results:
In DPPH and ABTS assays, isoeugenol exhibited considerable efficacy against free radicals
with IC50 of 38.97 and 43.76 μg/mL, respectively. Isoeugenol revealed 78.39 ± 0.40% and 67.73 ±
0.03% inhibitions against AChE and BChE, respectively, at 1 mg/ml concentration. In docking studies,
isoeugenol exhibited a docking score of -12.2390, forming two hydrogen bonds at the active site
residues of AChE. Further, with a docking score of -10.1632, isoeugenol binds adequately to the
BChE enzyme via two arene-hydrogen interactions and one hydrogen bond.

Conclusion:
Isoeugenol offered considerable protection against scopolamine-induced memory deficits
and improved the special memory of the rodents.
Using a Human-Centered Design Process to Evaluate and Optimize User Experience of a Website (InPACT at Home) to Promote Youth Physical Activity: Case Study
Authors: Hasson Rebecca E , Xie Michelle , Tadikamalla Dhiraj , Beemer Lexie R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Web-based physical activity interventions often fail to reach the anticipated public health impact due to insufficient use by the intended audiences.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to use a human-centered design process to optimize the user experience of the Interrupting Prolonged sitting with ACTivity (InPACT) at Home website to promote youth physical activity participation.

Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess engagement and pain points with the InPACT at Home website. Interview data were used to create affinity maps to identify themes of user responses, conduct a heuristic evaluation according to Nielsen’s usability heuristics framework, and complete a competitive analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competitors who offered similar products.

Results
Key themes from end user interviews included liking the website design, finding the website difficult to navigate, and wanting additional features (eg, library of watched videos). The website usability issues identified were lack of labeling and categorization of exercise videos, hidden necessary actions and options hindering users from decision-making, error-prone conditions, and high cognitive load of the website. Competitive analysis results revealed that YouTube received the highest usability ratings followed by the Just Dance and Presidential Youth Fitness Program websites.

Conclusions
Human-centered design approaches are useful for bringing end users and developers together to optimize user experience and impact public health. Future research is needed to examine the effectiveness of the InPACT at Home website redesign to attract new users and retain current users, with the end goal of increasing youth physical activity engagement.
Sebaran ostracoda sebagai bioindikator kondisi perairan lepas pantai Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Wibowo Ponco Agung , Kurniasih Anis , Suprapto Tjoek Aziz , Dewi Kresna Tri 
Published: May 2024

Abstrak Perairan lepas pantai Balikpapan memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap perubahan kualitas air yang diakibatkan sedimentasi di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian mengenai kondisi lingkungan perairan di daerah ini penting dilakukan. Salah satu bioindikator yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas perairan adalah ostracoda, yang merupakan mikroorganisme dari jenis Crustacea. Penelitian ini dilakukan di selatan Teluk Balikpapan menggunakan data kemelimpahan ostracoda dalam sedimen Resen pada 25 sampel permukaan dasar laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di area penelitian berdasarkan distribusi ostracoda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemelimpahan ostracoda semakin rendah ke arah perairan laut terbuka, dan dari tingkat keanekaragamannya diketahui kondisi perairan tergolong stabil. Hasil analisis cluster membagi area penelitian menjadi dua biotop yakni Biotop1, merupakan lingkungan laut dangkal dengan spesies penciri Cytherella semitalis, Cytherelloidea sp., Phlyctenophora orientalis dan Neomonoceratina indonesiana; Biotop2, berasosiasi dengan lingkungan terumbu karang ditandai dari kehadiran spesies Bairdopillata paraalcyonicola, Paranesidea sp., dan Loxoconcha sp. Abstract The offshore waters of Balikpapan considered as vulnerable in term of changes in water quality due to high sedimentation. Therefore, research on the condition of the aquatic environment in this area is necessary. One bioindicator that can be used to determine water quality is ostracods, the Crustacean microorganisms that commonly found in the seabed sediments. This research was conducted in southern Balikpapan Bay using ostracod abundance in Recent sediments on 25 seabed surface samples. The aim of this research is to determine the condition of the aquatic environment based on the distribution of ostracods. The results show that the abundance of ostracods is lower towards open sea waters, and from the level of diversity it is known that water conditions are relatively stable. The results of the cluster analysis divided the research area into two biotopes, Biotope1, a shallow marine environment with the diagnostic species Cytherella semitalis, Cytherelloidea sp., Phlyctenophora orientalis and Neomonoceratina indonesiana; Biotope2, associated with coral reef environments, is characterized by the presence of Bairdopillata paraalcyonicola, Paranesidea sp., and Loxoconcha sp.
Increasing Medication Use and Polypharmacy in Type 2 Diabetes: The Danish Experience From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Johansson Karl Sebastian , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Christensen Mikkel Bring 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes often coexists with other conditions that are amenable to pharmacological treatment. We hypothesized that polypharmacy among individuals with type 2 diabetes has increased since 2000.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using Danish national registries, we established a cohort of all Danish individuals (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2020. We analyzed their medication use and prevalence of varying degrees of polypharmacy (≥5 or ≥10 medications), stratifying by age, sex, number of chronic diseases, and socioeconomic status.

RESULTS
The cohort grew from 84,917 patients in 2000 to 307,011 in 2020, totaling 461,849 unique patients. The number of daily medications used per patient increased from (mean ± SD) 3.7 ± 2.8 (in 2000) to 5.3 ± 3.2 (in 2020). The lifetime risk of polypharmacy was substantial, with 89% (n = 409,062 of 461,849) being exposed to ≥5 medications at some point and 47% (n = 217,467 of 461,849) to ≥10 medications. The increases were driven by an expanding group of medications, with analgesics, antihypertensives, proton pump inhibitors, and statins having the largest net increase. Advanced age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, and Danish ethnicity positively correlated with polypharmacy but could not explain the overall increase in polypharmacy.

CONCLUSIONS
Medication use and polypharmacy have increased among patients with type 2 diabetes. Although the implications and appropriateness of this increased medication use are uncertain, the results stress the increasing need for health care personnel to understand the potential risks associated with polypharmacy, including medication interactions, adverse effects, and over- and underprescribing.