bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon footprint of the knowledge sector: what's the future?
Authors: Chowdhury Gobinda 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to produce figures showing the carbon footprint of the knowledge industry – from creation to distribution and use of knowledge, and to provide comparative figures for digital distribution and access.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature search and environmental scan was conducted to produce data relating to the CO2 emissions from various industries and activities such as book and journal production, photocopying activities, information technology and the internet. Other sources such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA ), Copyright Licensing Agency, UK (CLA), Copyright Agency Limited, Australia (CAL), etc., have been used to generate emission figures for production and distribution of print knowledge products versus digital distribution and access.FindingsThe current practices for production and distribution of printed knowledge products generate an enormous amount of CO2. It is estimated that the book industry in the UK and USA alone produces about 1.8 million tonnes and about 11.27 million tonnes of CO2 respectively. CO2 emission for the worldwide journal publishing industry is estimated to be about 12 million tonnes. It is shown that the production and distribution costs of digital knowledge products are negligible compared to the environmental costs of production and distribution of printed knowledge products.Practical implicationsGiven the astounding emission figures for production and distribution of printed knowledge products, and the associated activities for access and distribution of these products, for example, emissions from photocopying activities permitted within the provisions of statutory licenses provided by agencies like CLA, CAL, etc., it is proposed that a digital distribution and access model is the way forward, and that such a system will be environmentally sustainable.Originality/valueIt is expected that the findings of this study will pave the way for further research and this paper will be extremely helpful for design and development of the future knowledge distribution and access systems.
International trade union networks, European works' councils and international labour regimes
Authors: Stewart Paul 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to introduce this special issue on “International trade union networks, European works' councils and international labour regimes”.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial provides an overview and introduces the papers which make up the special issue.FindingsThese papers allow us to consider the social, political and institutional dimensions of grass roots organising across countries and continents.Originality/valueThe issue adds new insights into the topic in addition to the more typical focus on institutional levels of union engagement.
Dimensions of internationalism and the politics of the labour movement
Authors: Martínez Lucio Miguel 
Published: October 2010

PurposeMuch is being claimed in terms of new forms of trade union networking and co‐ordination at the international level during the past two decades. However, there is a need to ground these views in terms of the reality and contexts of trade union activity. This article seeks to argue that tension within the different modes of international labour activity is nothing new. In fact, political and organisational differences in terms of the practices and strategies of the labour movement have been salient features of trade unionism for over a century. The article will map the interest in networking as a form of labour co‐ordination and the question of the emergence of competing international models of network‐based trade union action.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a general and literature review of the debates on labour internationalism supported by insights gained from a variety of research initiatives.FindingsAs noted by a variety of authors, the reality is that there are assorted types of global and international movements within trade unionism, which are based on four dimensions in terms of specific sectoral, ideological, organisational and national factors. There is a need is to understand the tensions between these models, and not just work from a “vertical” view of power based on hierarchies and levels.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is mainly a critical review of debates and discussions.Practical implicationsNetwork‐based initiatives should not just be contrasted with bureaucracyper se, but be understood in terms of distinct initiatives, meanings and politics. In fact, one could see the signs of emerging “managerialist” modes of labour internationalism.Social implicationsNew forms of trade union and worker representation in a global context are engaging with social and political issues – they are engaging with a range of social and organisational activities such as those of non‐government organisations. These represent an important debate on the way work‐related issues are organised around.Originality/valueThe paper indicates how the question of labour networking is a significant academic discussion and needs to be seen from different perspectives.
Internationalising industrial disputes: the case of the Maritime Union of Australia
Authors: Smith Caroline 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the capacity for trade unions to mobilise internationally by considering how stevedores in Australia successfully internationalised a major dispute.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the findings of a single case study of the “waterfront dispute” of 1998, an industrial dispute in the Australian stevedoring industry which included the mobilisation of unions internationally. This case study is one of the four cases in a PhD research project, which examined international trade union activity in the mining, manufacturing, banking and stevedoring industries. The methodology included semi‐structured interviews with trade union leaders and activists, as well as document analysis, and involved comparative analysis across the four case studies.FindingsAustralian stevedores or “wharfies” were well placed to mobilise internationally due to a combination of internal and external factors. In particular, the Maritime Union of Australia's long‐standing support for international causes, largely due to its left‐wing, internationalist politics, resulted in the union gaining significant support from unions internationally. Important external factors included the nature of the stevedoring industry, with its organic link to other industry sectors, combined with the neo‐liberal approach adopted in Australia which also influenced the internationalisation of the union campaign.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides the opportunity to consider capacity for international mobilisation in the stevedoring industry and the contingent nature of international campaigns, with wider implications for union strategies in other industry sectors.Originality/valueThe paper contains an in‐depth analysis of a major dispute in the Australian stevedoring industry and makes a significant contribution to the expanding literature on the internationalisation of union campaigns and union strategy.
Trade unions and transnational regulation in Europe: developments and limitations
Authors: Pulignano Valeria 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the situation of workers' rights in the context of European Works Councils (EWCs) in the metalworking sector.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the preconditions, forms and patterns of trade union transnational coordination under the regime of cross‐border competition and, in particular, its transnational implications for employment regulation in multinationals in Europe. The paper is based on evidence from the metal sector at the European Union level in the direction of establishing a framework for transnational bargaining at company level in Europe.FindingsThe paper argues that workers' representation rights at the European level (EWCs) and their resources can be very important in supporting the trade unions' bargaining activity in a situation of cross‐border negotiation in multinational companies. In the absence of a legal framework, the very recent engagement by the European trade union movement to coordinate bargaining across borders, while stipulating agreements at the European company level (European Framework Agreements) for common regulatory purposes, represents a “necessary” and “essential” – although not “sufficient” condition – for transnational collective bargaining.Originality/valueThe paper ties the formation of EWCs to the early European project of a “social Europe”.
The European works council as a multidimensional contested terrain
Authors: Köhler Holm‐Detlev , González Begega Sergio 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis article aims to develop an original conceptual approach for the research and analysis of European works councils (EWCs) through a critical examination of the theoretical debate on the Europeanization of industrial relations and the main results of the huge body of quantitative and qualitative empirical studies of these transnational bodies for effective worker participation.Design/methodology/approachStarting from the authors' own experiences in qualitative case‐study research, they summarise the main developments of EWCs as the most advanced institutional piece in the emerging dimension of European industrial relations and discuss the strength and weakness of the different approaches employed in EWC research.FindingsFrom a perspective of “political economy of European integration” the development of EWCs shows the changing power constellations at the micro‐ and meso‐level of transnational firm complexes. More than 800 EWCs councils with thousands of workers' representatives generate hope for an emergent system of industrial relations, but globalization, economic crisis, intensification of regime competition or the consequences on employment of relocation, restructuring and downsizing are threatening advances in this fundamental piece of the European social project.Originality/valueThe paper offers not only a comprehensive state of the art of theoretical debate and empirical research on EWCs, but develops an original and innovative analytical approach for future research. In a meso‐political perspective, linking together micro‐politics with the interaction of the firm with other collective actors, namely public authorities, trade unions and employers' associations at different levels, transnational industrial relations at company level are best analysed as dynamic networks of actors embedded in the framework of the transnational corporation, conceived as a political complex with different actors struggling for increasing their influence on corporate decision‐making processes.
Workers' experiences of skill, training and participation in lean and high performance workplaces in Britain and Italy
Authors: Stewart Paul , Danford Andy , Richardson Mike , Pulignano Valeria 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe article aims to report on research into managerial practices at the workplace level in Britain and Italy in the automobile and aerospace industries. These are examined with regard to their impact on employees' perceptions of skill, training and their relationship to participation. Are advocates of high performance work (HPW) accurate in arguing that it can satisfy aspirations for greater employee influence in contrast to lean working?Design/methodology/approachThe methodology included questionnaires and interviews with employees and union officials in four companies – two in aerospace (one in Britain and one in Italy) and two in automotive final assembly (one in Britain and one in Italy).FindingsOne of the recurrent themes to emerge from the worker interviews was that the experience of increased effort was not an inevitable outcome of the shifts in the composition of skills and tasks, but rather, a function of the workers' loss of any semblance of control over their work routines and range of responsibilities. What is distinctive about this case study analysis is that despite obvious material differences between the labour processes and working conditions of highly qualified aerospace engineers employed in HPW environments and semi‐skilled car workers employed on lean assembly lines, in two different countries, similar patterns of degradation of work were obtained. That is, technological change, such as the computerisation of design and production processes, along with various manifestations of lean staffing policies were together generating task enlargement. In micro‐political environments marked by a skewed balance of power between labour and the employer in favour of the latter, workers' autonomy had declined as had their ability to maintain some control over the pace and intensity of work. This does not sit favourably with the assumptions of those who advocate the use of “high performance work systems”.Originality/valueThe paper offers an in‐depth cross national sectoral analysis of claims that so‐called HPW significantly enhances workers' experiences of the workplace in contrast to workers' experiences of lean working environments.
Collaborative collection development: a Canadian‐Indonesian initiative
Authors: Bolduc Andre P. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the collaborative collection development initiative undertaken by the Indonesia Social Equity Project.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a brief history and descriptive analysis of an international collection development project.FindingsThe paper examines practical issues that arose while building the library collection as a librarian/faculty collaboration, with the added element of having been conducted within a multicultural context.Originality/valueSimilar case studies describing international collection development projects are rare in the literature. The article is of interest to librarians researching issues related to cross‐cultural collaboration.
Documents journey through time: weeding a history
Authors: Mix Vickie 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a reflective analysis of project planning for the legal disposition of a large Federal Documents Collection in an off‐site storage facility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides a case study.FindingsThis paper examines specific steps in a project plan for relocation and disposition of Federal Documents received under the Federal Depository Library Program.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the discussion of library space needs, the disposition of tangible resources in an increasingly electronic age and the challenges libraries face in managing collections.
Funding for collection development activities at Chancellor College Library, University of Malawi
Authors: Chaputula Aubrey , Boadi Benzies Y. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at the nature of funding for collection development activities at Chancellor College Library, University of Malawi, and see how that impacts on the collection development activities of the institution.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodological approach was used, coupled with a review of the literature, annual financial reports and acquisition statistics.FindingsThe results of the study show that funding for collection development activities at Chancellor College Library was inadequate and that inadequacy of funding had seriously affected the library's collection development activities. Due to the prevailing conditions, the library had been forced to rely on donations and exchanges as the principal means of growing its collection.Practical implicationsThe study recommends some practical interventions, which, if implemented, could ease the financial difficulties Chancellor College Library faces. The interventions include lobbying for an increase in the materials budget, drawing up proposals for possible funding by both local and international organizations, and the introduction of a library fee to be paid by students.Originality/valueResearch undertakings in the field of collection development in Malawian academic libraries are limited, causing a dearth of literature on the topic. This study is therefore significant in that it will help in some way in filling some of the knowledge gaps that exist in this area.
Diversity collection assessment in large academic libraries
Authors: Ciszek Matthew P. , Young Courtney L. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the methods of diversity‐related collection assessment useful for large academic libraries.Design/methodology/approachSeveral examples of diversity‐related collection assessment (circulation and use statistics, WorldCat Collection Analysis, comparison to standard bibliographies, focus groups, patron interviews and surveys, stewardship letters, and a diversity collection development statement) are explored.FindingsLibraries wishing to assess a collection for diversity should have a clear definition of diversity in place before assessment. Many collection assessment methods useful for determining the diversity of a collection are not applicable for large libraries. Additional tools may need to be developed to facilitate this type of assessment in the future, especially at large libraries.Originality/valueThe paper encourages librarians at larger academic libraries to rethink how the collections are assessed for diversity needs, and illustrates methods useful in performing this assessment in larger institutions.
Intangible resources in performance measurement systems of the hotel industry
Authors: Zigan Krystin , Zeglat Dia 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the value of intangible resources and, consequently, the importance of their integration into performance measurement systems applied in the hotel industry.Design/methodology/approachBased on a thorough literature review, arguments draw on relevant theories in performance measurement in the hotel industry and the concept of intangible resources. Merging these two different concepts reveals new research areas.FindingsThe literature review shows that even those integrated performance measurement systems that aim to include non‐financial measures do not necessarily capture intangible resources. Based on this finding, suggestions for extending performance measurement systems are made.Practical implicationsThis paper has significant implications for hotel managers, as it will allow them to broaden their perspective and include important performance drivers (i.e. intangible resources such as knowledge, motivation and social capital) in their performance measurement systems.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the need for a comprehensive performance measurement approach that comprises indicators for measuring intangible resources and suggests tools that better capture the contribution of these important performance drivers.
The impact of urban renewal to the labour force in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Francis K.W. , Hui Eddie C.M. , Wong Joe T.Y. , Wan Janice K.M. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the contributions of rehabilitation and redevelopment projects to the labour force of the construction industry in Hong Kong. Major projects from the private and public sectors were critically examined and the manpower requirements and the tangible benefits in terms of wages arising from urban renewal were forecast.Design/methodology/approachThe forecast of the expected persons to be engaged in the construction industry is based on trend regression model. Time series data of construction sites, both private and public, and persons engaged in the past ten years were forecasted for linear trend process for the next three years. From this, a reasonable estimate of man‐days to be engaged and wages to be incurred in the construction industry in the future can be obtained.FindingsThe results provide evidence that the impacts are positive. About 19.4 million man‐days and an income of HK$16.4 billion (3.8 per cent of the nominal GDP of Hong Kong in 2008) are anticipated in the short run. To meet urban regeneration needs, the Government should develop various vocational skills and enhance motivation and job search.Research limitations/implicationsThere are potential risks of error arising from the use of assumptions, limited sample size and data from the secondary resources.Practical implicationsUrban renewal works can generate more jobs. The ratio of development projects to rehabilitation works in terms of producing job opportunity by the same amount of budget is about 1 to 4.7. To meet urban regeneration needs, the Government should develop various vocational skills and enhance motivation and job search for renewal works.Social implicationsUrban renewal attracts and stimulates investment, creates employment opportunities and improves the built environment of cities. Also, public rehabilitation works can play a moderate role in stabilizing the economy and the labour market.Originality/valueThe major contributions of this paper are: the estimated labour and financial resources to undertake such renewal works; and the more significant impact of rehabilitation work identified.
Findings from a post‐occupancy evaluation in the UK primary schools sector
Authors: Zhang Yufan , Barrett Peter 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an evidence base for what constitutes an optimal learning space, including a useful toolkit of good practice examples for use by local authority clients.Design/methodology/approachThe research method centred on a structured case study of each school, informed by: site observation, questionnaire distribution, headteacher's interview and workshop discussions. A total of five primary schools were involved.FindingsIt was found that there is a gap between design expectations and the performance achieved, primarily because the occupants are usually simply coping with the given environment rather than actively managing it. Also, from the headteacher's perspective there are not enough driving forces to carry out post‐occupancy evaluations that would reveal this gap.Practical implicationsDifferent attitudes and behaviours are needed, and, for this, education programmes for users should be implemented on occupation to ensure that the potential of the design strategies is fully realized. On the other hand, the nature of POE is strongly related to building performance‐in‐use. Therefore, stronger and more regular POEs can play an important role in improving the practical use of existing buildings and the design of new buildings or improvements.Originality/valueThe significant contribution of this research is that it makes a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge of POE results and processes.