bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well Engineering for Oman Deep Gas: Planning and Drilling the Deepest Well in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Saadi Khamis bin , Smith Matt , Dhawan Sandeep , Al-Mawali Salim , Al-Shidani Ibrahim 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
As part of ongoing gas exploration efforts, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is currently executing a fast-track four well drilling campaign targeting deep, high temperature and potentially high pressure prospects (CITHP&gt;10,000 psi, BHST &gt;170° C), using under-balanced drilling in the Fahud Salt Basin in the Sultanate of Oman.
In early 2009, a co-located, ring-fenced multi-disciplinary team including two Well Engineers was set-up. The objective was to spud the first well before the end of 2009 and complete the four well campaign within two years. This paper describes the process followed to progress well designs, procure materials and get the rigs and people in place in only 8 months from project kick-off to spudding the first well. Recognized industry standards indicate that such projects typically take more than 18 months to deliver.
Using PDO's experience in deep gas exploration it was possible to standardize well components and only introduce additional items where unavoidable. To further accelerate the project, the two campaign rigs were upgraded with Top Drive Systems and 7500 psi mud circulating capability.
The paper goes on to present the drilling challenges and learnings gathered from the first two wells., Both wells were a technical success and delivered within the planned time and cost. The deepest well at 7145 m AH set Sultanate of Oman records for total depth and bottom-hole temperature. The key challenges faced were downhole tool reliability, directional control in a long slim hole reservoir, drill string dynamics, short planning interval, just in time material delivery and bit and downhole drive optimization. Significant future time and cost reduction is expected to be possible by applying the key learning’s on future wells.
Assessing Gas-Lift Capability to Support Asset Design
Authors: Hall James W. , Jaralla Mubarak A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Qatar Petroleum (QP) produces hydrocarbons from the onshore Dukhan Field and two offshore oil fields (Bul Hanine and Maydan Mahzam). After producing via natural flow for an extended period, pressure depletion and water influx have led to the use of artificial lift. The lift method of choice in QP-operated oil fields is continuous flow gas lift, for both technical and economic reasons.
The time of transition from natural flow to artificial lift for an oil field presents significant challenges and also great opportunity. A number of aspects of the operation need to be updated, to suit the new conditions imposed by artificial lift requirements. Successful adaptation to the new requirements delivers great benefit. Similarly, failure to determine and adapt to the new requirements can lead to early abandonment of a field. The task of determining the requirements for the organization, people, systems, and hardware is facilitated by a structured multi-disciplinary approach to achieve the best results.
In order to evaluate the existing capabilities in the field of gas lift, a team of technical specialists conducts a series of interviews with selected staff. The goal of these interviews is to first establish the current perceived capability in gas lift across the stakeholder directorates. After establishing this current state perception, those interviewed are then asked to articulate their vision of where the organization should be in the future, to achieve maximum recovery / benefit from the producing assets. This methodology has been successfully applied for other initiatives in the recent past.
After reconciling the differences between perceived "As-Is" and actual state, and also perceived "To-Be" with technically feasible targets, a "Road Map" is developed. The road map outlines the path to development of capability related to organization, people, systems, and hardware to deliver the vision for long term gas lift production of the assets. The combined road map elements define specific functionality which is incorporated into the design of the facilities.
This integrated, multi-disciplinary approach facilitates communication between organizational segments and supports the inclusion of critical components in the design and operational practices of the new infrastructure to support gas lift operations. Facilities designed with consideration for the long term goals of the business will serve to reduce operating costs, reduce HSE exposure, and improve ultimate recovery.
Cleveland Formation - Recent Results and Lessons Learned During Horizontal Re-development of a Mature Field
Authors: Bumbaugh David 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The Cleveland formation is a mature tight gas reservoir which has been developed since the 1950’s with vertical wells and 2003 with horizontals. Continued development and subsurface evaluation has enhanced the understanding of this mature field and the experience gained within this field has been applied to other tight gas plays. This paper will discuss four main areas of recent work and studies. The recent 2008 Coiled Tubing re-entry horizontal sidetrack program utilized a large stock of existing vertical wells to drill horizontal wells. Global expertise in CTD was applied to meet the unique challenges of this project. Operational insights, well results and performance will be presented. Secondly, advancements in Open Hole Multiple Packer completion systems have allowed operators to drill longer laterals and isolate an increasing number of horizontal intervals for independent fracture treatments. Now that a significant number of wells have been on production for several years using these systems, we may better understand the relationship between lateral length, number of frac stages, and EUR of these wells. Actual well performance and reservoir simulation modeling will be discussed. Thirdly, the global economic recession has impacted the development of this field. Costs to drill and complete a well changed and the robust oil prices and low gas prices have altered the focus in this complex "gas" play to areas with higher oil content and where the gas has a richer BTU content and therefore higher NGL yields. The impact and results of horizontal development in the oilier areas once avoided will be discussed. Finally some of the results and conclusions from the ongoing subsurface evaluations will be presented. Evaluation techniques of the reservoir from production and pressure data, modeling and rock type analysis may yield information relevant not only in understanding this tight reservoir but others too.
Identification of hypercoagulability in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia by means of thromboelastography
Authors: Fenty Renee K. , deLaforcade Armelle M. , Shaw Scott E. , O'Toole Therese E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate whole blood hemostasis by means of thromboelastography in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) to determine whether these dogs had evidence of hypercoagulability prior to the administration of immunosuppressant medications, blood transfusion products, or anticoagulant agents.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—11 client-owned dogs admitted to a teaching hospital for management of primary IMHA and 20 clinically normal dogs.
Procedures—Citrated whole blood samples were obtained from all dogs for performance of kaolin-activated thromboelastography. Citrated plasma was harvested from blood samples of dogs with IMHA for plasma-based coagulation testing, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, D-dimer concentration, fibrinogen concentration, and antithrombin activity.
Results—Compared with control dogs, dogs with primary IMHA had evidence of hypercoagulability as indicated by a significantly lower median (range) clot formation time (0.8 seconds [0.8 to 2.0 seconds] vs 1.9 seconds [1.3 to 3.8 seconds]), higher median angle (76.1° [59.2° to 84.6°] vs 64.0° [45.4° to 71.0°]), higher median maximum amplitude (75.9 mm [66.3 to 86.3 mm] vs 55.7 mm [49.9 to 63.6 mm]), and higher median clot strength (15,000 dyne/cm2 [9,900 to 31,400 dyne/cm2] vs 6,100 dyne/cm2 [4,900 to 8,700 dyne/cm2]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with primary IMHA had hypercoagulability as demonstrated by thromboelastography at the time of initial diagnosis and prior to treatment. Such hypercoagulability may be a precursor to clinically evident thrombosis as a complication of the disease process.
Evaluation of factors associated with second remission in dogs with lymphoma undergoing retreatment with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy protocol: 95 cases (2000–2007)
Authors: Flory Andrea B. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Erb Hollis N. , Garrett Laura D. , Northrup Nicole C. , Selting Kim A. , Phillips Brenda S. , Locke Jennifer E. , Chretin John D. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate factors associated with second remission in dogs with lymphoma retreated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) protocol after relapse following initial treatment with a first-line 6-month CHOP protocol.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—95 dogs with lymphoma.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Remission duration was estimated by use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors potentially associated with prognosis were examined.
Results—Median remission duration after the first-line CHOP protocol was 289 days (range, 150 to 1,457 days). Overall, 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69% to 86%) of dogs achieved a complete remission following retreatment, with a median second remission duration of 159 days (95% CI, 126 to 212 days). Duration of time off chemotherapy was associated with likelihood of response to retreatment; median time off chemotherapy was 140 days for dogs that achieved a complete remission after retreatment and 84 days for dogs that failed to respond to retreatment. Second remission duration was associated with remission duration after initial chemotherapy; median second remission duration for dogs with initial remission duration ≥ 289 days was 214 days (95% CI, 168 to 491 days), compared with 98 days (95% CI, 70 to 144 days) for dogs with initial remission duration < 289 days.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that retreatment with the CHOP protocol can be effective in dogs with lymphoma that successfully complete an initial 6-month CHOP protocol.
Detection of Theileria annulata by the PCR-RFLP in ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) collected from cattle in West and North-West Iran
Authors: Tavassoli Mosa , Tabatabaei Mohammad , Nejad Bijan , Tabatabaei Mehran , Najafabadi Amin , Pourseyed Seyed 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe presence of potential vectors, ticks, and susceptible hosts of bovine malignant theileriosis in all parts of Iran pose a real threat to food animal industry. The present study was conducted to determine the infection rate of ticks collected from naturally occurring bovine theileriosis in West and North-West Iran. Two hundred and thirty seven cattle suspected of suffering from theileriosis were investigated for the presence of Theileria annulata in the blood smears and any tick species on their body. In this study, 402 ticks were obtained from 99 cattle. The examination of 402 ticks by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers derived from the gene encoding heat shock protein70 (Hsp70) revealed that 39.9% of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 3.5% of H. asiaticum asiaticum, and 18.2% H. anatolicum excavatum, were infected with T. annulata. The results suggest that H. a. anatolicum may play a major role in transmission of T. annulata infection in Iran. Finally, digestion of the PCR products of T. annulata with two different restriction enzymes produced only a single pattern.
Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Indian fishes
Authors: Rameshkumar Ganapathy , Ravichandran Samuthirapandian , Trilles Jean-Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFour cymothoid isopods, parasites of fishes, are reported from India. Two new species, Nerocila poruvae and Joryma hilsae are described. A full description of Nerocila longispina Miers, 1880 is included and two hosts are identified. The distribution and hosts of Anilocra dimidiata Bleeker, 1857 are updated. Nerocila poruvae, N. longispina and Anilocra dimidiata were collected from the Southeastern coasts of India and Joryma hilsae from the Southwestern coasts.
Description of two new species of Rhadinorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam, with a key to species
Authors: Amin Omar , Heckmann Richard , Ha Nguyen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo rhadinorhynchid species of acanthocephalans, Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus sp. nov. and Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus sp. nov. are described from the redtail scad, Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, and the trigger fish Balistes sp., respectively. The hosts were collected off Cat Ba Island, Halong Bay, Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam in May, 2009. This brings the total number of species of Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1911 to 38. Specimens of the first species are characterized by having 11–12 proboscis hook rows with 30–31 hooks each, large dorsal and ventral spines in the posterior field of trunk spines, large eggs (100 × 20), and subterminal gonopore in both males and females. It is further characterized by many prominent fragmented nuclei in the body wall. The 1 female of the second species has 18 proboscis hook rows with 24 hooks each, smaller eggs (62 × 17), lateral trunk spines connecting those in the anterior and the posterior fields, and subterminal female gonopore. Notes on the genus Rhadinorhynchus, lists of the invalid and valid species, and a key to species are provided. Raorhynchus Tripathi, 1959 is proposed to be a junior synonym of Rhadinorhynchus pending a revision of the species of Raorhynchus.
Description of three new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) parasitising Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (L.) and O. mossambicus (Peters) (Cichlidae)
Authors: García-Vásquez Adriana , Hansen Haakon , Christison Kevin , Bron James , Shinn Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree new species of Gyrodactylus are described from two species of Oreochromis (Cichlidae): Gyrodactylus hildae sp. nov. from the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, and from an unconfirmed cichlid in Ethiopia; Gyrodactylus ulinganisus sp. nov. from a South African population of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus; and, Gyrodactylus yacatli sp. nov. from O. n. niloticus reared in Mexico. The hamuli and marginal hooks of G. hildae sp. nov. and G. yacatli sp. nov. differ notably from G. cichlidarum, a species commonly found on O. n. niloticus. The hooks of G. ulinganisus sp. nov., however, are morphologically similar to those of G. cichlidarum, but the two species were found to differ by 42 nucleotide substitutions (24 within the 342 bp long ITS1; 18 within the 303 bp long ITS2) and by 1 insertion/deletion. This study confirms that Nile and Mozambique tilapia harbour a number of different species of Gyrodactylus, with G. cichlidarum being the most frequently encountered and being associated with mortalities of juvenile O. n. niloticus. This study discusses the host specificity of gyrodactylids on commercial cichlid species and the potential repercussions of their movement on stocks of fish into new environments where cichlids are already present.
Fimbriaria czaplinskii Grytner-Zięcina, 1994 (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae): New hosts and geographical records from Poland, Ukraine and the Czech Republic
Authors: Cielecka Danuta , Salamatin Ruslan , Sitko Jiljí , Kornyushin Vadim , Sulgostowska Teresa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSpecimens previously identified as Fimbriaria fasciolaris or Fimbriaria sp. from Poland, Ukraine and the Czech Republic were re-examined. The revision revealed Fimbriaria czaplinskii from naturally-infected Anas platyrhynchos dom., Anas acuta and Aythya fuligula (new host records) in Poland, Tadorna tadorna from the Black Sea coast and Aythya ferina from the coast of the Sea of Azov, Ukraine (new host records), Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya fuligula and Aythya ferina (the latter two being new host records) from Moravia, Czech Republic (new geographical record). The diagnostic characters of F. czaplinskii are commented and updated from an original erroneous description. The most reliable distinguishing character is the structure of the copulatory part of the vagina, which is funnel-shaped and usually has smooth internal surface. The characters associated with the cirrus size and armament and the number of genital primordia per segment are not considered reliable differentiating characters. A lectotype and paralectotypes of F. czaplinskii are designated.
Two species of the genus Kalicephalus Molin, 1861 (Nematoda, Diaphanocephaloidea) from the water monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Haoji , Zhang Shuqian , Zhang Luping 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo species of Kalicephalus Molin, 1861 were collected from the intestine of Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) from Guangdong Wildlife Rescue Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Kalicephalus (Kalicephalus) guangdongensis sp. nov. is similar to K. (K.) schadi Ogden, 1966 and K. (K.) schadi fotedari Kalia et Nayital, 1989 in having extremely long spicules, but differs from the latter in the relative length of spicules (spicules longer than the total body length instead of spicules almost three quarters of the total body length). Kalicephalus (Kalicephalus) schadi fotedari Kalia et Nayital, 1989 is reported for the first time in China, and Varanus salvator is a new host record.
Effective photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye over nanosized Ag/AgBr-modified TiO2 loaded on zeolite
Authors: Padervand Mohsen , Tasviri Mahboubeh , Gholami Mohammad 
Published: February 2011

AbstractZeolite-based photocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel and deposition methods. The photocatalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The activity of the prepared photocatalysts was evaluated by the UV-induced degradation of acid blue 92, a textile dye in common use. The effect of various parameters, such as catalyst concentration, initial dye concentration, thiosulphate concentration and pH, on the rate and efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of acid blue 92 was investigated. The results showed that each parameter influenced the degradation rate and efficiency in a particular way. It was also found that, under optimised conditions, Ag/AgBr/TiO2/zeolite exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance. A comparison of catalytic activity when exposed to visible light under the same conditions showed that the photocatalysts containing AgBr had the highest activity.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index-50: A Reliable Index for Measuring Improvement in Disease Activity
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , UROWITZ MURRAY B. , FORTIN PAUL R. , LANDOLT CAROLINA , TOLOZA SERGIO M. , RIDDELL CLAIRE , CHANDRAN VINOD , EDER LIHI , GHANEM AQEEL , ZIOUZINA OLGA , TAGHAVI-ZADEH SHAHRZAD , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , GLADMAN DAFNA D. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To test the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Responder Index (SRI-50), an index designed to measure ≥ 50% improvement in disease activity between visits in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods.This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study with raters from Canada, the United Kingdom, and Argentina. Patient profile scenarios were derived from real adult patients. Ten rheumatologists from university and community hospitals and postdoctoral rheumatology fellows participated. An SRI-50 data retrieval form was used. Each rheumatologist scored SLEDAI-2K at the baseline visit and SRI-50 on followup visit, for the same patients, on 2 occasions 2 weeks apart. Physician global assessment (PGA) was determined on a numerical scale at baseline visit and a Likert scale on followup visit. Interrater and intrarater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics whenever applicable.Results.Forty patient profiles were created. The ICC performed on 80 patient profiles for interrater ranged from 1.00 for SLEDAI-2K and SRI-50 to 0.96 for PGA. The intrarater ICC for SLEDAI-2K, SRI-50, and PGA scores ranged from 1.00 to 0.86. Substantial agreement was determined for the interrater Likert scale, with a kappa statistic of 0.57.Conclusion.The SRI-50 is reliable to assess ≥ 50% improvement in lupus disease activity. Use of the SRI-50 data retrieval form is essential to ensure optimal performance of the SRI-50. SRI-50 can be used by both rheumatologists and trainees and performs equally well in trained as well as untrained rheumatologists.
Le financement de l'innovation : une approche historique
Authors: Matouk Jean 
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’histoire de l’innovation peut être articulée en deux « ères » successives. L’ère de l’inventeur et l’ère du chercheur, qui se recouvrent cependant partiellement. Durant la première, ce que nous appelons aujourd’hui « recherche-développement » était plutôt « réactive », l’inventeur cherchant à trouver des solutions aux problèmes techniques qu’il rencontrait, ou cherchant à augmenter la vitesse d’exécution des travaux, spécialement dans l’industrie textile, ou à améliorer le produit, dans l’acier, la vapeur et les chemins de fer. Durant la seconde ère, le chercheur est plus « pro-actif » cherchant et imaginant des produits nouveaux susceptibles d’augmenter régulièrement le chiffre d’affaires. Le financement a évidemment changé entre les deux ères. Durant la première ère, c’est l’épargne personnelle, l’épargne familiale ou l’aide d’amis qui finance le plus gros des recherches. Durant la seconde ère, même si ces modes de financement n’ont pas disparu, c’est l’autofinancement des firmes, et, plus récemment, le « capital-risque » qui a dominé. Bien que, ces dernières décennies, la part des dépenses de R&D dans le PIB soit très corrélée à l’effort privé de financement- les pays où domine l’effort public sont moins « inventifs »-, on peut prévoir que l’effort public se développe dans les prochaines décennies. Codes JEL : N20, O14, O31
L'Équité économique, un projet actuel
Authors: Décaillot Maurice 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Pour l’avenir à bâtir, les questions actuelles sont : une vie économique adaptée ou transformée ? Par quelle voie : la prescription juridique ou l’émergence réelle ? Dans l’empirisme ou la cohérence rassembleuse ? Face au marché : la régulation, ou le changement pour l’équité, fondement nécessaire des solidarités ? Au travail : un salariat consolidé ou une autogestion véritable, équitable et efficiente, et une régulation démocratique ? Entre populations, une mondialisation marchande acceptée ou une équité nouvelle ? Tels sont les thèmes introductifs, ici abordés, des propositions de l’ouvrage présenté par l’auteur. Codes JEL : A13, B14, B51, D45, D63, D71, E22, J54, L31, P13
Les aléas d'un terrain comme révélateurs de sa structuration
Authors: Grojean Olivier 
Published: February 2011

Résumé A partir d’un retour réflexif sur une étude menée auprès de militants et sympathisants du Parti des Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK), l’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence la dynamique complexe des relations enquêteur/enquêtés tout en montrant en quoi les aléas de ces relations peuvent être un révélateur du fonctionnement de l’institution partisane. L’objectivation de l’approche du terrain, de l’apprentissage par le chercheur des règles et normes propres aux groupes étudiés, des situations « critiques » ou encore de certaines situations d’inconfort au cours de l’enquête ont ainsi permis de dévoiler la structuration de la mouvance PKK et de son système d’interdépendance.