bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of childbirth and risk for birth complications in nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Laursen M , Johansen C , Hedegaard M 
Published: June 2009

Objectives  To examine the associations between fear of childbirth and emergency caesarean section and between fear of childbirth and dystocia or protracted labour and fetal distress.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Danish National Birth Cohort.Population  A total of 25 297 healthy nulliparous women in spontaneous labour with a single fetus in cephalic presentation at term following an uncomplicated pregnancy.Methods  Data were collected during 1997–2003 from computer‐assisted telephone interviews twice in pregnancy linked with national health registers.Main outcome measures  Risk for emergency caesarean section of women who feared childbirth; risk for dystocia/protracted labour or fetal distress of women who feared childbirth.Results  Fear of childbirth in early (16 weeks, 6 ± 29 days) and late (31 weeks, 4 ± 21 days) pregnancy was associated with emergency caesarean section: OR, 1.23 (1.05–1.47) and 1.32 (1.13–1.55), respectively. When fear of childbirth was expressed at both interviews, the OR was 1.43 (1.13–1.80). Women who feared childbirth had an increased risk for dystocia or protracted labour (OR, 1.33; 1.15–1.54), but not for fetal distress (OR, 0.94; 0.72–1.23).Conclusions  Fear of childbirth during pregnancy was associated with dystocia and emergency caesarean section but not with fetal distress.
Weaning from ventilation – current state of the science and art
Authors: Crocker Cheryl 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWeaning from mechanical ventilation has attracted a growing interest recently in the medical and nursing press. Attempts have been made to determine a patient’s readiness to wean, define criteria for successful weaning and enhance the weaning process through the developments of protocols.Key to this work is the role of the critical care nurse. Transferring the role and the responsibility of weaning from the traditional perspective of the intensivist to the nurse is not without challenges. Inherent is the need for skill and expertise and the willingness to accept this level of responsibility, not questioned in the medical role, but worthy of consideration when transferred to nurses.Key to successful weaning and weaning is redefined for the purposes of this paper, is continuity of care, knowing the patient and the development of patient‐centred, individualized weaning plans. Critical care nurses have an important role to play. This is particularly so when the patient experience is to be understood. There is relatively little research conducted in this area, yet this is an important consideration if we are to fully understand and embrace the role of patients in their weaning.Weaning in the context of critical care can be challenging. To wean the difficult‐to‐wean or the long‐term‐weaning patient requires great skill and expertise. Expertise in this context has not been fully explored, yet research suggests that these patients are not allocated expert nurses to care for them because they are not seen as critically ill. It may be that this group of patients would benefit from a transfer to a weaning centre as suggested by the Modernisation Agency in 2002. This would greatly challenge the way we, as critical care nurses, perceive weaning in critical care.
Heparin versus citrate for anticoagulation in critically ill patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Tillman Joanne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:  Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used in the care of critically ill patients (Gabutti et al., 2002). Critical illness increases the likelihood to both coagulation and bleeding, making anticoagulation for CRRT problematic.Aims:  This mini‐review aims to examine the evidence that compares the use of systemic heparin and regional citrate as forms of anticoagulation for CRRT in critically ill patients. The primary outcome of interest was haemofilter circuit survival, and the secondary outcome was reduced risk of bleeding.Search strategy:  A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify all studies comparing these drugs. The Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase databases were searched. Eighty‐nine articles were found. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which used a target population of critically ill adults. Studies were excluded if they had not been written in English and if they were not available through King’s College London. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, three RCTs comparing the use of systemic heparin and regional citrate were included in the review.Results:  Two studies showed significant differences in circuit survival time, with citrate prolonging survival time. All studies showed an increased risk of bleeding in the heparin group, resulting in a higher rate of transfusion while heparin was being used.Conclusions:  The studies examined lacked reference to the power of the studies and strength in the presentation of the results. Because of the lack of reliability in the studies, it would be suggested that further research is needed on this topic in order to produce rigorous high‐quality reviews with limited bias. The use of citrate, as with all treatments in clinical practice, should be used with caution and assessed on an individual patient basis. Reviewing this evidence helps to gain an insight into different treatment options available, identifying some of the risks and benefits.
Commentary: Ulger F et al. (2009). Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens?
Authors: Gould Dinah 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:  The objective of this study was to determine the contamination rate of the health care workers’ (HCWs) mobile phones and hands in operating room and intensive care unit (ICU). Micro‐organisms from HCWs hands could be transferred to the surfaces of the mobile phones during their use.Methods:  Two hundred HCWs were screened; samples from the hands of 200 participants and 200 mobile phones were cultured.Results:  In total, 94·5% of phones demonstrated evidence of bacterial contamination with different types of bacteria. The Gram‐negative strains isolated from mobile phones were 31·3%, and the ceftazidime‐resistant strains from the hands were 39·5%. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from mobile phones of 52% and those strains isolated from hands of 37·7% were methicillin resistant. Distributions of the isolated micro‐organisms from mobile phones were similar to those from hands isolates. Some mobile phones were contaminated with nosocomial important pathogens.Conclusion:  These results showed that HCWs hands and their mobile phones were contaminated with various types of micro‐organisms. Mobile phones used by HCWs in daily practice may be a source of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Abstract reprinted from Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, volume 8, Ulger F et al., ‘Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens?’, doi:10.1186/1476‐0711‐8‐7. © 2009, reproduced with permission from BioMed Central Ltd.
Is routine cervical dilatation necessary during elective caesarean section? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: GÜNGÖRDÜK Kemal , YILDIRIM Gokhan , ARK Cemal 
Published: June 2009

Objective: The purpose of this prospective randomised study was to determine the effect of routine cervical dilatation during elective caesarean section on maternal morbidity.Methods: Participants with indication for elective caesarean section were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (n = 200) women with intraoperative cervical dilatation; group B (n = 200) women with no intraoperative cervical dilatation.Results: No demographic differences were observed between groups. There was no significant difference between groups in infectious morbidity (P = 0.87) (relative risk (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–2.11), endometritis (P = 0.72) (RR 1.68, 95% CI 0.39–7.14), febrile morbidity (P = 0.66) (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.51–2.87), wound infection (P = 0.82) (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.44–2.81), endometritis (P = 0.72) (RR 1.68, 95% CI 0.39–7.14) or urinary tract infection (P = 1.00) (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.28–3.50), and estimated blood loss (P = 0.2). However, group A had longer operative times compared with the group B (P = 0.01).Conclusion: Intraoperative digital cervical dilatation during elective caesarean section did not reduce blood loss and postoperative infectious morbidity. The routine digital cervical dilatation during elective caesarean section is not recommended.
Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotype in Iranian multiply transfused patients with thalassemia
Authors: Alavian Seyed‐Moayed , Miri Seyyed Mohammad , Keshvari Maryam , Elizee Pegah Karimi , Behnava Bita , Tabatabaei Seyed‐Vahid , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common transfusion‐transmitted disease in multiply transfused patients worldwide. In this study, the aim was to investigate distribution of HCV genotypes in Iranian patients with thalassemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples were received from 280 multiply transfused patients with thalassemia with chronic hepatitis C who were referred to us to start pegylated interferon‐α plus ribavirin for duration of 48 weeks. HCV RNA viral load was detected using Amplicor test (Version 2, Roche Molecular Systems). Genotyping was performed by genotype‐specific primers.RESULTS: HCV genotype distribution was 1 in 57%, 3 in 35%, 2 in 1%, and mixed in 4% (1 + 3 in 2.8%, 3 + 4 in 0.4%, mixed subtypes in 0.8%) cases. A total of 2.5% of isolates were nontypable. Genotype 1 was associated with higher rate of splenectomy and greater serum ferritin.CONCLUSION: Genotype 1 is the most frequently detected HCV genotype in Iranian patients with thalassemia and might cause more need for splenectomy and more severe iron overloading. Higher HCV viral load could be regarded as another risk factor for greater iron overloading.
Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium dental implants: a histological and histomorphometrical study in the maxilla of pigs
Authors: Gahlert M. , Röhling S. , Wieland M. , Sprecher C. M. , Kniha H. , Milz S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present study was to histologically compare the bone tissue responses to surface‐modified zirconia and titanium implants.Methods: Threaded zirconia implants were produced using a new low‐pressure injection moulding technique and thereafter surface treated by acid etching. Titanium implants with the exact shape and surface treated by sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) served as controls. Fifteen adult pigs received both implant types in the maxilla 6 months after extraction of the second and third incisors. The animals were sacrificed after 4, 8 and 12 weeks and 30 implants with surrounding bone were retrieved.Results: Histological evaluation showed osseous integration for both materials. Zirconia implants revealed mean peri‐implant bone density values of 42.3% (SD ± 14.5) at 4 weeks, 52.6% (SD ± 5.7) at 8 weeks and 54.6% (SD ± 11.5) at 12 weeks after implantation, whereas Ti‐SLA implants demonstrated mean values of 29% (SD ± 10), 44.1% (SD ± 18) and 51.6% (SD ± 8.6) at corresponding time intervals. With respect to the bone–implant contact ratio, the mean values for zirconia ranged between 27.1% (SD ± 3.5) and 51.1% (SD ± 12.4) and for Ti‐SLA, it ranged between 23.5% (SD ± 7.5) and 58.5% (SD ± 11.4).For the parameters investigated, no statistically significant differences between both types of implants could be detected at any time point.Conclusions: No statistical difference between implants could be demonstrated with any of the methods used. The limited number of animals per group, however, does not allow to conclude that there is no difference in osseointegration between the two types of implants, although the data tend to suggest such a trend.
Mechanical non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: a double‐blind randomized longitudinal clinical study. I: clinical results
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Samuelsson Emelie , Lindahl Christel , Persson Gösta. Rutger 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground: Peri‐implantitis is a frequent finding in patients with dental implants. The present study compared two non‐surgical mechanical debridement methods of peri‐implantitis.Material and Methods: Thirty‐seven subjects (mean age 61.5; S.D±12.4), with one implant each, demonstrating peri‐implantitis were randomized, and those treated either with titanium hand‐instruments or with an ultrasonic device were enrolled. Data were obtained before treatment, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Parametric and non‐parametric statistics were used.Results: Thirty‐one subjects completed the study. The mean bone loss at implants in both groups was 1.5 mm (SD ±1.2 mm). No group differences for plaque or gingival indices were found at any time point. Baseline and 6‐month mean probing pocket depths (PPD) at implants were 5.1 and 4.9 mm (p=0.30) in both groups. Plaque scores at treated implants decreased from 73% to 53% (p<0.01). Bleeding scores also decreased (p<0.01), with no group differences. No differences in the total bacterial counts were found over time. Higher total bacterial counts were found immediately after treatment (p<0.01) and at 1 week for ultrasonic‐treated implants (p<0.05).Conclusions: No group differences were found in the treatment outcomes. While plaque and bleeding scores improved, no effects on PPD were identified.
Prevalence of tetM, tetQ, nim and blaTEM genes in the oral cavities of Greek subjects: a pilot study
Authors: Ioannidis Ioannis , Sakellari Dimitra , Spala Argyro , Arsenakis Minas , Konstantinidis Antonis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim: To investigate the prevalence of tetM, tetQ, nim and blaTEM antimicrobial resistance genes in subgingival and tongue samples of Greek subjects.Materials and Methods: Fifty‐four subjects participated in the present study. Participants each contributed with one pooled subgingival sample from the mesiobuccal surface of the four first molars and one sample from the tongue. Samples were analysed using polymerase chain reaction for tetM, tetQ, nim and blaTEM genes using the primers and conditions described previously. Subjects were stratified according to periodontal status (health, gingivitis or periodontitis). Intake of any antibiotic for medical or dental reasons during the previous 12 months was also recorded (self‐reported). Comparisons within and between groups were performed by applying non‐parametric tests (z‐test with Bonferroni corrections).Results: A high prevalence of tetM, tetQ and blaTEM genes was detected in both tongue and subgingival samples (48.1–82.2%). No differences were observed across genes between periodontally healthy, gingivitis or periodontitis cases, and no statistical correlation was observed between the presence of the blaTEM gene and the intake of β‐lactams during the last 12 months (Fisher's exact test, p>0.05).Conclusions: Findings from the present study suggest a high prevalence of tetM, tetQ and blaTEM, but not nim resistance genes in subgingival and tongue samples from Greek subjects.
Challenging the Myths and Redressing the Missteps in Family Research
Authors: Cuskelly Monica 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFamilies of children with disabilities have been the subject of a number of myths, some of which have been introduced and promulgated by researchers influenced by cultural norms that may incline them to ask questions in particular ways and which may result in the institutionalization of ideas and methods, rather than subjecting established beliefs and perspectives to scrutiny. Only relatively recently, for example, has the conviction that only negative consequences will be experienced by families with a child with a disability been challenged. Research questions and instruments or approaches must allow for positive experiences and outcomes. In addition, often family research has failed to recognize the importance of cultural differences. One example of this can be found in assumptions of the applicability of instruments used in family research across different cultural groups. The capacity of instruments to reflect the constructs being measured must be established before they can be used confidently across cultures. In addition, the relationships between constructs must be tested rather than assumed. Finally, before intervention programs or approaches that have been developed by one culture are adopted or applied to another, their fit with the attitudes, beliefs, and resources of the latter culture should be established.
Persons With Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities in Japan
Authors: Suemitsu Shigeru 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe author outlines the history, current situation, and the future of the care and support system for people with intellectual and multiple disabilities in Japan. He describes how the service system has been shaped from within by Japanese legislation dating back to the Child Welfare Act of 1947, and how international events such as the “International Year of Persons with Disabilities” have influenced both legislation and service development in Japan. The author also outlines how researchers and lecturers are contributing to the development of services and educating the workforce, which provides the critical supports for people with disabilities in Japan.
Llama single‐domain antibodies directed against nonconventional epitopes of tumor‐associated carcinoembryonic antigen absent from nonspecific cross‐reacting antigen
Authors: Behar Ghislaine , Chames Patrick , Teulon Isabelle , Cornillon Amélie , Alshoukr Faisal , Roquet Françoise , Pugnière Martine , Teillaud Jean‐Luc , Gruaz‐Guyon Anne , Pèlegrin André , Baty Daniel 
Published: June 2009

Single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs), which occur naturally in camelids, are endowed with many characteristics that make them attractive candidates as building blocks to create new antibody‐related therapeutic molecules. In this study, we isolated from an immunized llama several high‐affinity sdAbs directed against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a heavily glycosylated tumor‐associated molecule expressed in a variety of cancers. These llama sdAbs bind a different epitope from those defined by current murine mAbs, as shown by binding competition experiments using immunofluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. Flow cytometry analysis shows that they bind strongly to CEA‐positive tumor cells but show no cross‐reaction toward nonspecific cross‐reacting antigen, a highly CEA‐related molecule expressed on human granulocytes. When injected into mice xenografted with a human CEA‐positive tumor, up to 2% of the injected dose of one of these sdAbs was found in the tumor, despite rapid clearance of this 15 kDa protein, demonstrating its high potential as a targeting moiety. The single‐domain nature of these new anti‐CEA IgG fragments should facilitate the design of new molecules for immunotherapy or diagnosis of CEA‐positive tumors. Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7042030: C3 (genbank_protein_gi:152143600) binds (MI:0407) to CEA (uniprotkb:P06731) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7045726: C17 (genbank_protein_gi:152143602) binds (MI:0407) to CEA (uniprotkb:P06731) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7046422: C25 (genbank_protein_gi:152143604) binds (MI:0407) to CEA (uniprotkb:P06731) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7046473: C43 (genbank_protein_gi:152143606) binds (MI:0407) to CEA (uniprotkb:P06731) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7046442: C44 (genbank_protein_gi:152143608) binds (MI:0407) to CEA (uniprotkb:P06731) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
Female Assessment of Male Erectile Dysfunction Detection Scale (FAME): Development and Validation
Authors: Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Sand Michael , Terrein-Roccatti Nadine , Dean John , Longworth Jan , Eardley Ian , Brock Gerald , Lee Jay , Arango de Montis Iván , Rampazzo-Bonaldo Claudia 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although erectile dysfunction (ED) affects both members of the couple, no tools exist for the detection of ED by the female partner.

Aim
The aim of this study was to develop a scale for the detection of ED, as assessed by the female partner.

Methods
Development and validation of the Female Assessment of Male Erectile dysfunction detection scale (FAME) consisted of five stages: (i) two focus group discussions conducted among female partners of ED sufferers; (ii) item construction; (iii) initial content validation to document face validity and reduce number of items; (iv) final selection of items and investigation of concurrent validity and reliability, sensitivity and specificity of the scale in 83 Spanish-speaking couples; and (v) multicenter study conducted in a group of 106 English-speaking couples. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between FAME and clinical diagnosis, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), and the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF). Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and sensitivity and specificity was investigated using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard criterion.

Main Outcome Measures
Validity, reliability, specificity, and sensitivity of the FAME scale when correlated with SHIM, IIEF-EF, and clinical diagnosis.

Results
Qualitative analysis yielded 44 clues; 21 items demonstrated statistical significance as the best discriminating items using a t-test for independent samples. A final scale of six items was tested for validity, reliability, specificity, and sensitivity. FAME correlated significantly with clinical diagnosis (0.791, P &lt; 0.001), the SHIM (0.788, P &lt; 0.001), and the IIEF-EF (0.777, P &lt; 0.001). Additional support for discriminant validity was obtained with receiver operating characteristics analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.941. Sensitivity was 96.1% and specificity 86.0%.

Conclusions
Accurate detection of ED in men by the female partner is possible. In this study, FAME demonstrated concurrent validity and very good reliability, as well as excellent sensitivity and specificity.
Assessing Behavior and Social Competence of Severely Emotionally Disturbed Youth Admitted to Psychiatric Residential Treatment
Authors: Groot Jodi Morstein 
Published: June 2009

PROBLEM: Youth admitted to psychiatric residential treatment centers demonstrate behavioral problems and social competence deficits. Little systematic inquiry has quantified these issues or their impact on therapeutic care.METHOD: Secondary data from Child Behavioral Checklists and Relationship Questionnaires were collected through retrospective chart reviews and were statistically analyzed.FINDINGS: Seventy‐one percent of the 113 subjects met clinical behavioral problem levels. Youth who were older than 15 years at admission lagged significantly behind 12th‐grade norms in social competence, having scores congruent with 8th‐grade students.CONCLUSION: Youth in this study had significant behavioral problems, and deficits in social competence were identified among older youth.