bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flanking domain stability modulates the aggregation kinetics of a polyglutamine disease protein
Authors: Saunders Helen M. , Gilis Dimitri , Rooman Marianne , Dehouck Yves , Robertson Amy L. , Bottomley Stephen P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSpinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) is one of nine polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases that are all characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and the presence of neuronal inclusions containing aggregated polyQ protein, suggesting that protein misfolding is a key part of this disease. Ataxin‐3, the causative protein of SCA3, contains a globular, structured N‐terminal domain (the Josephin domain) and a flexible polyQ‐containing C‐terminal tail, the repeat‐length of which modulates pathogenicity. It has been suggested that the fibrillogenesis pathway of ataxin‐3 begins with a non‐polyQ‐dependent step mediated by Josephin domain interactions, followed by a polyQ‐dependent step. To test the involvement of the Josephin domain in ataxin‐3 fibrillogenesis, we have created both pathogenic and nonpathogenic length ataxin‐3 variants with a stabilized Josephin domain, and have both stabilized and destabilized the isolated Josephin domain. We show that changing the thermodynamic stability of the Josephin domain modulates ataxin‐3 fibrillogenesis. These data support the hypothesis that the first stage of ataxin‐3 fibrillogenesis is caused by interactions involving the non‐polyQ containing Josephin domain and that the thermodynamic stability of this domain is linked to the aggregation propensity of ataxin‐3.
‘I feel bad’, ‘We feel good’?—Emotions as a Driver for Personal and Organizational Identity and Organizational Identification as a Resource for Serving Unfriendly Customers
Authors: Wegge Jürgen , Schuh Sebastian C. , van Dick Rolf 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe social identity approach is used to demonstrate how personal and organizational identity is affected by emotions at work and that organizational identification can function as a valuable resource in coping with stressors. We analysed data from an experiment with 96 call centre agents to investigate relationships between positive and negative emotions, identification and strain. Positive and negative emotions were induced by simulated customers who either behaved in a friendly or a rude way. Organizational identification was assessed with a questionnaire, and personal identity salience was measured using video data by counting how often agents said ‘I’ during conversations. Strain was measured through self‐reports of emotional dissonance and by assessing immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in participants' saliva. Results showed that organizational identification was higher in conditions with positive emotions and was reduced by the induction of negative emotions. Moreover, organizational identification functioned as a buffer against stress: emotional dissonance generally was lower for participants with high organizational identification; IgA levels were negatively associated with organizational identification when agents communicated with unfriendly customers. Conversely, personal identity salience was induced by negative emotions and did not make a positive contribution to the coping process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐performance sorting algorithm for multicore single‐instruction multiple‐data processors
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Moriyama Takao , Komatsu Hideaki , Nakatani Toshio 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYMany sorting algorithms have been studied in the past, but there are only a few algorithms that can effectively exploit both single‐instruction multiple‐data (SIMD) instructions and thread‐level parallelism. In this paper, we propose a new high‐performance sorting algorithm, called aligned‐access sort (AA‐sort), that exploits both the SIMD instructions and thread‐level parallelism available on today's multicore processors. Our algorithm consists of two phases, an in‐core sorting phase and an out‐of‐core merging phase. The in‐core sorting phase uses our new sorting algorithm that extends combsort to exploit SIMD instructions. The out‐of‐core algorithm is based on mergesort with our novel vectorized merging algorithm. Both phases can take advantage of SIMD instructions. The key to high performance is eliminating unaligned memory accesses that would reduce the effectiveness of SIMD instructions in both phases. We implemented and evaluated the AA‐sort on PowerPC 970MP and Cell Broadband Engine platforms. In summary, a sequential version of the AA‐sort using SIMD instructions outperformed IBM's optimized sequential sorting library by 1.8 times and bitonic mergesort using SIMD instructions by 3.3 times on PowerPC 970MP when sorting 32 million random 32‐bit integers. Also, a parallel version of AA‐sort demonstrated better scalability with increasing numbers of cores than a parallel version of bitonic mergesort on both platforms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of salts on starch degradation: Part II – Salt classification and caramelisation
Authors: Moreau Lydie , Bindzus Wolfgang , Hill Sandra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA previous study demonstrated that presence of sodium chloride enhanced colour formation and starch degradation during heat treatment of a starch based model. It was suggested that the presence of salt encouraged breakdown of the starch, at all levels of organisation, including depolymerisation of the glucose chains to generate smaller molecules, such as glucose. These then would caramelise, explaining the impact of salt on colour formation during the heat treatment of these models. This study aimed at investigating the influence of several types of salt on starch degradation and caramelisation. Native wx maize starch (100 g dry weight) was mixed with 0.030 mol of salt (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, LiCl, MgCl2, NaI, KNO3, NaBr, KBr, Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2CO3 or KI, moisture adjusted to 20% wet weight basis). These samples were heated at 230°C for 30 min. The presence of salts significantly enhanced colour formation and the starches' loss of crystallinity during the heat treatment (p < 0.05). NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 increased significantly the colour formation via caramelisation reactions (p < 0.05). The potency of the salt depended on the salt's cations and followed the Hofmeister series. However, anion variation did not have any significant influence on starch crystallinity loss and colour development. The type of salt also affected colour formation when heated with glucose thereby indicating that the colour reaction, as well as starch changes, is influenced by the ionic environment. Presence of salt might enhance starch degradation either by a direct interaction with the starch granule, or indirectly by accelerating the caramelisation reactions which then produces acidity which helps degrade the starch granules.
Comparison of the Impact of γ‐Oryzanol and Corn Steryl Ferulates on the Polymerization of Soybean Oil During Frying
Authors: Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Rennick Kathy A. , Palmquist Debra A. , Berhow Mark A. , Vaughn Steven F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCorn steryl ferulates (CSF), oryzanol, a combination of equal amounts of CSF and oryzanol, and ferulic acid were added to refined, bleached, deodorized, soybean oil at a concentration of 8.1–8.4 μmol/g oil, which corresponded to 0.5% (w/w) for the steryl ferulates. The rate of polymerized triacylglycerol (PTAG) formation was determined in three replicate, two‐day frying experiments using a miniature frying protocol with potato cubes. Oryzanol and ferulic acid slightly inhibited PTAG formation on the first day of frying. However, the two treatments were not significantly different from the SBO control on the second day of frying. CSF and the combination of CSF and oryzanol significantly inhibited PTAG formation on both days of frying, but the combination was slightly more effective on the second day of frying. Tocopherol degradation in SBO with added oryzanol or ferulic acid proceeded more rapidly compared to the control. However, CSF and the combination of CSF and oryzanol appeared to protect tocopherols from degradation. In addition, CSF was more stable to frying compared to oryzanol, but when CSF and oryzanol were combined, CSF protected oryzanol from degradation.
Stiffness optimization of a novel reconfigurable parallel kinematic manipulator
Authors: Chi Zhongzhe , Zhang Dan 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a novel design of a reconfigurable parallel kinematic manipulator used for a machine tool. After investigating the displacement and inverse kinematics of the proposed manipulator, it is found that the parasitic motions along x-, y-, and θz-axes can be eliminated. The system stiffness of the parallel manipulator is conducted. In order to locate the highest system stiffness, single and multiobjective optimizations are performed in terms of rotation angles in x- and y-axes and translation displacement in z-axis. Finally, a case study of tool path planning is presented to demonstrate the application of stiffness mapping. Through this integrated design synthesis process, the system stiffness optimization is conducted with Genetic Algorithms. By optimizing the design variables including end-effector size, base platform size, the distance between base platform and middle moving platform, and the length of the active links, the system stiffness of the proposed parallel kinematic manipulator has been greatly improved.
A global, high accuracy ab initio dipole moment surface for the electronic ground state of the water molecule
Authors: Lodi Lorenzo , Tennyson Jonathan , Polyansky Oleg L. 
Published: July 2011

A highly accurate, global dipole moment surface (DMS) is calculated for the water molecule using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. The new surface is named LTP2011 and is based on all-electron, internally contracted multireference configuration interaction, including size-extensivity corrections in the aug-cc-pCV6Z basis set. Dipoles are computed as energy derivatives and small corrections due to relativistic effects included. The LTP2011 DMS uses an appropriate functional form that guarantees qualitatively correct behaviour even for most high energies configuration (up to about 60 000 cm−1), including, in particular, along the water dissociation channel. Comparisons with high precision experimental data show agreement within 1% for medium-strength lines. The new DMS and all the ab initio data are made available in the supplementary material.
Immunocytochemistry: an indispensable technique in routine cytology
Authors: Skoog L. , Tani E. 
Published: July 2011

L. Skoog and E. Tani Immunocytochemistry: an indispensable technique in routine cytology Immunocytology is today accepted as an indispensable adjunct to cytomorphology. It has led to a dramatic increase in diagnostic accuracy and also allowed the identification of markers both for prognosis and targeted therapies. Most commercially available antibodies will perform in a reproducible and reliable way provided that the cytological specimen has been prepared and fixed properly. In this review various aspects of immunocytochemistry such as preparation of cytological specimens, fixation and choice of antibodies will be discussed. The specificity of the most commonly used antibodies is summarized and staining panels for various tumours are suggested. In addition, the use of markers for targeted therapy and theranostics is discussed, as well as a brief section on the identification of infectious agents.
rtL180M mutation of hepatitis B virus is closely associated with frequent virological resistance to adefovir dipivoxil therapy
Authors: Lee Yoon‐Seon , Chung Young‐Hwa , Kim Jeong A , Jin Young Joo , Park Won Hyung , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young Suk , Lee Han Chu , Lee Yung Sang , Suh Dong Jin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We intended to investigate the effects of pre‐existing mutations at reverse transcriptase region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the occurrence of virological breakthrough (VB) to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients with lamivudine (LAM)‐resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods:  Ninety‐seven patients with LAM‐resistant CHB were treated with ADV at a dose of 10 mg daily, and were followed for a median period of 13 months. Just before the initiation of ADV therapy, the whole length of reverse transcriptase region of serum HBV‐DNA was sequenced using direct sequencing.Results:  All patients had genotype C HBV and mutations in the YMDD motif, specifically, YIDD (65%), YVDD (28%), or both (7%). The rtL180M and rtL80V/I mutations were identified in 68% and 69%, respectively. The cumulative probability of VB was 19% and 27% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. There was no difference in the occurrence of VB with regard to types of YMDD mutation or rtL80V/I. However, interestingly, patients carrying rtL180M experienced VB during ADV monotherapy more frequently than those not carrying rtL180M (2‐year cumulative probability of VB: 37% vs 3% at 2 years, P < 0.01). On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, rtL180M (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–69.09, P = 0.042) and decrease in HBV‐DNA for 1 year of treatment (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.95, P = 0.024) are independently associated with VB.Conclusions:  The rtL180M mutation of HBV, as well as a small decrease in HBV‐DNA after 1 year of treatment might be closely associated with frequent occurrence of virological resistance to ADV in patients with LAM‐resistant CHB.
Cenozoic mystery birds – on the phylogenetic affinities of bony‐toothed birds (Pelagornithidae)
Authors: Mayr Gerald 
Published: July 2011

Mayr, G. (2011) Cenozoic mystery birds – on the phylogenetic affinities of bony‐toothed birds (Pelagornithidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 448–467.The extinct Cenozoic bony‐toothed birds (Pelagornithidae) are characterized by the occurrence of unique spiky projections of the osseous jaws and are among the most distinctive neornithine taxa. Earlier authors considered these marine birds to be most closely related to ‘Pelecaniformes’ or Procellariiformes, but recent phylogenetic analyses resulted in a sister group relationship to Anseriformes. This latter hypothesis was, however, coupled with a non‐monophyly of galloanserine or even neognathous birds, which is not supported by all other current analyses. The character evidence for anseriform affinities of pelagornithids is thus reassessed, and it is detailed that the alleged apomorphies cannot be upheld. Pelagornithids lack some key apomorphies of galloanserine birds, and analysis of 107 anatomical characters did not support anseriform affinities, but resulted in a sister group relationship between Pelagornithidae and Galloanseres. By retaining a monophyletic Galloanseres, this result is in better accordance with widely acknowledged hypotheses on the higher‐level phylogeny of birds. The (Pelagornithidae + Galloanseres) clade received, however, only weak bootstrap support, and some characters, such as the presence of an open frontoparietal suture, may even support a position of Pelagornithidae outside crown‐group Neognathae.
Expression of the 2′,3′‐cAMP‐adenosine pathway in astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Verrier Jonathan D. , Exo Jennifer L. , Jackson Travis C. , Ren Jin , Gillespie Delbert G. , Dubey Raghvendra K. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Jackson Edwin K. 
Published: July 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 979–987.AbstractMany organs express the extracellular 3′,5′‐cAMP‐adenosine pathway (conversion of extracellular 3′,5′‐cAMP to 5′‐AMP and 5′‐AMP to adenosine). Some organs release 2′,3′‐cAMP (isomer of 3′,5′‐cAMP) and convert extracellular 2′,3′‐cAMP to 2′‐ and 3′‐AMP and convert these AMPs to adenosine (extracellular 2′,3′‐cAMP‐adenosine pathway). As astrocytes and microglia are important participants in the response to brain injury and adenosine is an endogenous neuroprotectant, we investigated whether these extracellular cAMP‐adenosine pathways exist in these cell types. 2′,3′‐, 3′,5′‐cAMP, 5′‐, 3′‐, and 2′‐AMP were incubated with mouse primary astrocytes or primary microglia for 1 h and purine metabolites were measured in the medium by mass spectrometry. There was little evidence of a 3′,5′‐cAMP‐adenosine pathway in either astrocytes or microglia. In contrast, both cell types converted 2′,3′‐cAMP to 2′‐ and 3′‐AMP (with 2′‐AMP being the predominant product). Although both cell types converted 2′‐ and 3′‐AMP to adenosine, microglia were five‐ and sevenfold, respectively, more efficient than astrocytes in this regard. Inhibitor studies indicated that the conversion of 2′,3′‐cAMP to 2′‐AMP was mediated by a different ecto‐enzyme than that involved in the metabolism of 2′,3′‐cAMP to 3′‐AMP and that although CD73 mediates the conversion of 5′‐AMP to adenosine, an alternative ecto‐enzyme metabolizes 2′‐ or 3′‐AMP to adenosine.
Immunomodulatory effects of Alliums and Ipomoea batata extracts on lymphocytes and macrophages functions in White Leghorn chickens: In vitro study
Authors: HANIEH Hamza , NARABARA Kiyoaki , TANAKA Yuji , GU Zhigang , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe previously described that supplementary garlic, onion and purple sweet potato (PSP) enhance humoral immune response in White Leghorn chickens. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the effects of garlic (GE), onion (OE) and PSP (PSPE) extracts on proliferation, interleukin (IL)‐2 and interferon (INF)‐γ gene expression of stimulated lymphocytes. The effects on microbicidal activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) productions of stimulated peritoneal macrophages were studied as well. The results showed that GE augmented Concanavalin A (ConA)‐induced splenocytes (4, 8 and 16 µg/mL) and thymocytes (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL) proliferations, and gene expression of IL‐2 (8 and 16 µg/mL) and INF‐γ (16 µg/mL). None of the examined extracts had mitogenic effect nor stimulated bursacytes response to phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). Macrophages exhibited superior microbicidal activity and ROS production with GE at 4 and 8 µg/mL and with OE at 25.6 µg/mL. None of the extracts showed stimulatory effects on NO production. The extracts showed concentration‐dependent inhibitory effects on all measured parameters at higher concentrations. Taken together, it is likely that garlic has direct stimulatory effects on immune cell functions, whereas the in vitro inhibitory effects of onion and PSP were likely attributed to high flavonoid contents.
The re-occurrence of mHz quasi-periodic oscillations in Cygnus X−3
Authors: Koljonen K. I. I. , Hannikainen D. C. , McCollough M. L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have re-analysed archival RXTE data of the X-ray binary Cygnus X−3 with a view to investigate the timing properties of the source. As compared to previous studies, we use an extensive sample of observations that include all the radio/X-ray spectral states that have been categorized in the source recently. In this study we identify two additional instances of quasi-periodic oscillations that have centroid frequencies in the mHz regime. These events are all associated to a certain extent with major radio flaring, which in turn is associated with relativistic jet ejection events. We review briefly scenarios whereby the quasi-periodic oscillations may arise.
A proteomic approach to elucidate the multiple targets of selenium‐induced cell‐growth inhibition in human lung cancer
Authors: Zhong Xiaorong , Li Lu , Wang Min , Luo Wei , Tan Qingwei , Xu Feng , Zhu Wen , Wang Qi , Wang Ting , Hou Mei , Nadimity Nagalakshmi , Xue Xingyang , Chen Jun , Ma Wei , Gao Allen C. , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  Methylseleninic acid (MSA) has been implicated as a promising anticancer agent for lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) responsible for MSA's action is not well understood. Our study aimed to examine the cellular effects of MSA on L9981 human high‐metastatic large cell lung cancer cells and gain insights into its possible molecular mechanism(s) through a proteomic approach.Methods:  L9981 cells were exposed to MSA at different concentrations and time points. The effects of MSA on cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell viability analyzer Vi‐CELL and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. We analyzed the alterations in the proteome profile of L9981 cells induced by MSA using the 2‐D difference in gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) and identified the differentially expressed proteins using a liquid chromatography system followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Results:  We found that MSA inhibited cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner and significantly induced early apoptosis in L9981 cells. 2‐D DIGE showed that MSA induced significant changes (>1.29 fold) in the expression levels of 42 protein spots compared to the untreated control (P < 0.05). As identified by LC‐MS/MS, proteins that underwent changes in response to MSA were related to various biological functions, including: (i) endoplasmic reticulum stress (upregulation of molecular chaperones like heat shock protein A5, protein disulfide‐isomerase precursor, and calreticulin precursor); (ii) oxidative stress response/ thioredoxin system (decreased thioredoxin‐like protein 1 and increased thioredoxin reductase 1); (iii) translation regulation (downregulation of translation factors like elongation factor 1‐beta and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6); (iv) mitochondrial bioenergetic function (upregulation of adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit beta and mitochondria); and (v) cell signal transduction regulation (decreased peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase A and 14‐3‐3 protein gamma). The protein and gene expression levels of those proteins of interest were further confirmed by Western blot and/or real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that MSA may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in lung cancer by modulating multiple targets involved in various crucial cellular processes.
Survival and Prognostic Indicators for Cycad Intoxication in Dogs
Authors: Ferguson D. , Crowe M. , McLaughlin L. , Gaschen F. 
Published: July 2011

Background: Cycad palms are commonly used in landscaping and ingestion by dogs can cause disease or death.Objectives: Determine the morbidity and case fatality of cycad palm toxicosis in dogs from Louisiana, and examine putative prognostic factors.Animals: Thirty‐four client‐owned dogs with confirmed cycad palm toxicosis between 2003 and 2010.Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Search of all medical records for animals with cycad palm toxicosis.Results: Seventeen of 34 (50%) dogs died or were euthanized as a direct consequence of cycad intoxication. There were no differences in presenting signs and physical examination findings between survivors and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had higher serum alanine transaminase activity (median 196 U/L; range 16–4,123 versus 113.5; 48–1,530) and total bilirubin concentration (0.5 mg/dL; 0.1–6.2 versus 0.25; 0–1.7) upon presentation, and their initial serum concentrations of albumin (2.9 g/dL; 1.4–4.1 versus 3.3; 2.2–3.9) were lower than those of survivors. Nadir serum albumin concentration was also lower in nonsurvivors (1.9; 1.4–3.7 versus 3.2; 1.8–3.5). A higher proportion of nonsurvivors had prolonged coagulation times, prothrombin time. and partial thromboplastin time. In a multivariate model, administration of charcoal at initial presentation was associated with longer survival (heart rate [HR] 0.019, 95% CI 0.001–0.644), while high serum aspartate aminotransferase activity was a negative prognostic factor (HR 118.2, 95% CI 2.89–4,826).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cycad intoxication is associated with a higher case fatality than previously published. Several laboratory parameters might help differentiating potential nonsurvivors from survivors. Administration of charcoal as part of the emergency treatment appears to have a protective effect.