bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land surface temperature and transboundary air pollution: a case of Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Authors: Sarker Tanni , Fan Peilei , Messina Joseph P. , Macatangay Ronald , Varnakovida Pariwate , Chen Jiquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a rapidly urbanizing world, heavy air pollution and increasing surface temperature pose significant threats to human health and lives, especially in densely populated cities. In this study, we took an information theory perspective to investigate the causal relationship between diel land surface temperature (LST) and transboundary air pollution (TAP) from 2003 to 2020 in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), which includes Bangkok Metropolis and its five adjacent provinces. We found an overall increasing trend of LST over the study region, with the mean daytime LST rising faster than nighttime LST. Evident seasonal variations showed high aerosol optical depth (AOD) loadings during the dry period and low loadings at the beginning of the rainy season. Our study revealed that TAP affected diel surface temperature in Bangkok Metropolis significantly. Causality tests show that air pollutants of two adjacent provinces west of Bangkok, i.e., Nakhon Pathom and Samut Sakhon, have a greater influence on the LST of Bangkok than other provinces. Also, the bidirectional relationship indicates that air pollution has a greater impact on daytime LST than nighttime LST. While LST has an insignificant influence on AOD during the daytime, it influences AOD significantly at night. Our study offers a new approach to understanding the causal impact of TAP and can help policymakers to identify the most relevant locations that cause pollution, leading to appropriate planning and management.
Advanced cellulose-based hydrogel TiO2 catalyst composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue
Authors: Nguyen Bang Cong , Truong Thu Minh , Nguyen Ngoc Thi , Dinh Duong Ngoc , Hollmann Dirk , Nguyen Mai Ngoc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSustainable cellulose-based hydrogels are used in medicine and environmental science. Hydrogels’ porosity makes them excellent adsorbents and stable substrates for immobilizing photocatalysts to remove organic dyes. Despite their potential, the implementation of hydrogels for this purpose is still limited due to their high synthesis temperature and low cellulose content. To overcome these challenges, this study develops cellulose-based hydrogels, which have a high cellulose content and can be easily synthesized under ambient conditions. Containing a higher cellulose concentration than previous hydrogels, the synthesized hydrogels are more stable and can be reused numerous times in treatment operations. The hydrogel properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel's matrices. In addition, transparent hydrogels allow light to pass through, making them suitable substrates to remove organic dye. The results showed that the hydrogel with TiO2 was able to degrade nearly 90% of organic dye within 180 min. Furthermore, the hydrogel with the embedded catalyst exhibits the potential for reusability with a regeneration efficiency of 80.01% after five runs. These findings suggest that this novel hydrogel is a promising candidate for water pollution remediation.
Specific contact resistivity reduction in amorphous IGZO thin-film transistors through a TiN/IGTO heterogeneous interlayer
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Seo Seung Wan , Kim Dongseon , Yoon Seong Hun , Lee Seung Hee , Kuh Bong Jin , Kim Taikyu , Jeong Jae Kyeong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOxide semiconductors have gained significant attention in electronic device industry due to their high potential for emerging thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. However, electrical contact properties such as specific contact resistivity (ρC) and width-normalized contact resistance (RCW) are significantly inferior in oxide TFTs compared to conventional silicon metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors. In this study, a multi-stack interlayer (IL) consisting of titanium nitride (TiN) and indium-gallium-tin-oxide (IGTO) is inserted between source/drain electrodes and amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO). The TiN is introduced to increase conductivity of the underlying layer, while IGTO acts as an n+-layer. Our findings reveal IGTO thickness (tIGTO)-dependent electrical contact properties of IGZO TFT, where ρC and RCW decrease as tIGTO increases to 8 nm. However, at tIGTO > 8 nm, they increase mainly due to IGTO crystallization-induced contact interface aggravation. Consequently, the IGZO TFTs with a TiN/IGTO (3/8 nm) IL reveal the lowest ρC and RCW of 9.0 × 10−6 Ω·cm2 and 0.7 Ω·cm, significantly lower than 8.0 × 10−4 Ω·cm2 and 6.9 Ω·cm in the TFTs without the IL, respectively. This improved electrical contact properties increases field-effect mobility from 39.9 to 45.0 cm2/Vs. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this multi-stack IL approach in oxide TFTs.
The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and sarcopenia in adults: a population-based study
Authors: Zhou Haojing , Su Hai , Gong Yichen , Chen Lei , Xu Lihan , Chen Guoqian , Tong Peijian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a new body index, and sarcopenia, while also assessing the potential of WWI as a tool for screening sarcopenic patients. The cross-sectional study involved adults who possessed complete data on WWI and appendicular skeletal muscle mass from the 1999–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Weighted multivariate regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between WWI and sarcopenia. The study included 26,782 participants. The results showed that WWI demonstrated a positive correlation with sarcopenia risk. In the fully adjusted model, with each 1 unit increase in WWI, the risk of developing sarcopenia rose 14.55 times higher among males (OR: 14.55, 95% CI 12.33, 17.15) and 2.86 times higher among females (OR: 2.86, 95% CI 2.59, 3.15). The optimal cutoff values of WWI for sarcopenia were 11.26 cm/√kg for males and 11.39 cm/√kg for females. Individuals with a higher WWI have an increased risk of developing sarcopenia, and a high WWI functions as a risk factor for sarcopenia. Assessing WWI could assist in identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.
Testing structural balance theories in heterogeneous signed networks
Authors: Gallo Anna , Garlaschelli Diego , Lambiotte Renaud , Saracco Fabio , Squartini Tiziano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe abundance of data about social relationships allows the human behavior to be analyzed as any other natural phenomenon. Here we focus on balance theory, stating that social actors tend to avoid establishing cycles with an odd number of negative links. This statement, however, can be supported only after a comparison with a benchmark. Since the existing ones disregard actors’ heterogeneity, we extend Exponential Random Graphs to signed networks with both global and local constraints and employ them to assess the significance of empirical unbalanced patterns. We find that the nature of balance crucially depends on the null model: while homogeneous benchmarks favor the weak balance theory, according to which only triangles with one negative link should be under-represented, heterogeneous benchmarks favor the strong balance theory, according to which also triangles with all negative links should be under-represented. Biological networks, instead, display strong frustration under any benchmark, confirming that structural balance inherently characterizes social networks.
Review on thermal properties and reaction kinetics of Ca(OH)2/CaO thermochemical energy storage materials
Authors: Boning Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermochemical energy storage technology is one of the most promising thermal storage technologies, which exhibits high energy storage capacity and long‐term energy storage potentials. The low‐cost, safe, and reliable calcium oxide/calcium hydroxide (CaO/Ca(OH)2) system has become the preferred thermochemical energy storage material system to solve the problem of renewable energy consumption. This study reviews the structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties influencing the absorption and desorption reactions of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in thermal energy storage applications. It is found that the transformation of crystal structure from cubic to hexagonal upon hydration is attributed to volume expansion and crack formation facilitating diffusion. The specific heat capacities of CaO and Ca(OH)2, as well as reaction enthalpies, are studied across temperature ranges. Most studies on reaction kinetics are focused on the effect of factors such as temperature, particle size, and material content. Strategies to mitigate issues such as particle agglomeration and enhance reaction efficiency are discussed, including the incorporation of enhancing materials such as γ‐Al2O3. This study underscores the importance of the core reaction material content and the enhancing materials that are used to optimise energy density in thermal chemical water‐absorption and ‐desorption reactions.
Investigating the non‐linear conductivity properties of silicone rubber co‐modified with doped calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide and grafted glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Zhang Huiyang , Chi Qingguo , Meng Zhaotong , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yongquan , Zhang Yue , Yin Chao , Zhang Tiandong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to solve the issue of localised electric field concentration in high‐voltage direct current cable accessories, a method for preparing a composite material with high conductivity and nonlinear conductivity properties is proposed. The authors employed homemade calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide (CCTO@ZnO) as a filler and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a grafted small molecule to co‐regulate the non‐linear conductivity of silicone rubber (SiR). The results indicate that doping CCTO@ZnO can enable SiR to acquire non‐linear conduction properties and grafting GMA can significantly enhance the conductivity of SiR. However, both doping CCTO@ZnO and grafting GMA have a negative impact on the breakdown performance of SiR. Simulation results indicate that reinforced insulators made from doped and grafted co‐modified composites can improve the distribution of electric fields in cable accessories.
Preparation of high thermal conductivity aluminium nitride ceramics with low oxygen impurity for power semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Zhirui , Wu Haoyang , Li Tao , Zhang Zepeng , Xu Haifeng , Lu Huifeng , He Qing , Gu Siyong , Zhang Deyin , Yin Haiqing , Jia Baorui , Qu Xuanhui , Qin Mingli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy transmission efficiency and stability place higher demands on electrical power systems. Aluminium nitride (AlN) ceramics, which possess high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, are gradually used in heat dissipation systems for high‐power semiconductors. However, oxygen impurity has been one of the key factors limiting the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics. The pre‐reduction treatment was used to reduce the powder oxygen content. AlN ceramics with low oxygen impurities were then obtained by hot‐pressing sintering. The decrease in the oxygen content of the powder shows a hindering effect on densification, which increases the sintering temperature to 1750°C. The pre‐reduced powders transform the grain edge phase from YAP to YAM, which is more favourable for purifying the lattice. The variations in grain size and mechanical properties are also discussed. Eventually, AlN ceramics with a thermal conductivity of 201 W m−1 K−1 and a flexural strength of 376 MPa are obtained.
The R-Process Alliance: Analysis of limited-r stars
Authors: Xylakis-Dornbusch T. , Hansen T. T. , Beers T. C. , Christlieb N. , Ezzeddine R. , Frebel A. , Holmbeck E. , Placco V. M. , Roederer I. U. , Sakari C. M. , Sneden C. 
Published: May 2024

Context. In recent years, the R-Process Alliance (RPA) has conducted a successful search for stars that are enhanced in elements produced by the rapid neutron-capture (r-)process. In particular, the RPA has uncovered a number of stars that are strongly enriched in light r-process elements, such as Sr, Y, and Zr. These so-called limited-r stars were investigated to explore the astrophysical production site(s) of these elements.
Aims. We investigate the possible formation sites for light neutron-capture elements by deriving detailed abundances for neutron-capture elements from high-resolution spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio of three limited-r stars.
Methods. We conducted a kinematic analysis and a 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium spectroscopic abundance analysis of three stars. Furthermore, we calculated the lanthanide mass fraction (XLa) of our stars and of limited-r stars from the literature.
Results. We found that the abundance pattern of neutron-capture elements of limited-r stars behaves differently depending on their [Ba/Eu] ratios, and we suggest that this should be taken into account in future investigations of their abundances. Furthermore, we found that the XLa of limited-r stars is lower than that of the kilonova AT2017gfo. The latter seems to be in the transition zone between limited-rXLa and that of r-I and r-II stars. Finally, we found that unlike r-I and r-II stars, the current sample of limited-r stars is largely born in the Galaxy and is not accreted.
Peculiarities of the chemical enrichment of metal-poor stars in the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Mishenina T. , Pignatari M. , Usenko I. , Soubiran C. , Thielemann F.-K. , Kniazev A. Yu. , Korotin S. A. , Gorbaneva T. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The oldest stars in the Milky Way are metal-poor with [Fe/H] < −1.0, displaying peculiar elemental abundances compared to solar values. The relative variations in the chemical compositions among stars is also increasing with decreasing stellar metallicity, allowing for the pure signature of unique nucleosynthesis processes to be revealed. The study of ther-process is, for instance, one of the main goals of stellar archaeology and metal-poor stars exhibit an unexpected complexity in the stellar production of ther-process elements in the early Galaxy.Aims. In this work, we report the atmospheric parameters, main dynamic properties, and the abundances of four metal-poor stars: HE 1523-0901, HD 6268, HD 121135, and HD 195636 (−1.5 > [Fe/H] > −3.0).Methods. The abundances were derived from spectra obtained with the HRS echelle spectrograph at the Southern African Large Telescope, using both local and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE and NLTE) approaches, with the average error between 0.10 and 0.20 dex.Results. Based on their kinematical properties, we show that HE 1523-0901 and HD 195636 are halo stars with typical high velocities. In particular, HD 121135 displays a peculiar kinematical behaviour, making it unclear whether it is a halo or an accreted star. Furthermore, HD 6268 is possibly a rare prototype of very metal-poor thick disk stars. The abundances derived for our stars are compared with theoretical stellar models and with other stars with similar metallicity values from the literature.Conclusions. HD 121135 is Al-poor and Sc-poor, compared to stars observed in the same metallicity range (−1.62 > [Fe/H] > −1.12). The most metal-poor stars in our sample, HE 1523-0901, HD 6268, and HD 195636, exhibit anomalies that are better explained by supernova models from fast-rotating stellar progenitors for elements up to the Fe group. Compared to other stars in the same metal-licity range, their common biggest anomaly is represented by the low Sc abundances. If we consider the elements beyond Zn, HE 1523-0901 can be classified as an r-II star, HD 6268 as an r-I candidate, and HD 195636 and HD 121135 exhibiting a borderliner-process enrichment between limited-r and r-I star. Significant relative differences are observed between the r-process signatures in these stars.
Alopecia areata – ein Update
Authors: Huber Stephanie Marie , Navarini Alexander A. , Braun Ralph P. , Greis Christian 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAlopecia areata (AA) – der kreisrunde Haarausfall – stellt nach der androgenetischen
Alopezie die zweithäufigste Haarverlusterkrankung weltweit dar. Es wird vermutet, dass es
infolge des Verlusts des Immunprivilegs des Haarfollikels zu einer Destruktion der Zellen des
Haarfollikels kommt. Der konsekutive Haarausfall geht mit erheblichen Auswirkungen auf die
Lebensqualität einher. Die Spontanremission liegt insbesondere bei leichteren Verlaufsformen
bei bis zu 80%. Es bestehen topische, injizierbare und systemische immunsupprimierende bzw.
-modulierende Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Vielversprechend scheinen v.a. systemisch verabreichte
JAK-Inhibitoren zu sein.
The Efficacy of Three Different Oral Hygiene Regimens in Preventing
Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients Receiving
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Aygunes Utku , Karagun Barbaros Sahin , Sasmaz Ilgen , Antmen Bülent 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Oral mucositis is one of the side effects developed
post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This retrospective study aimed to
assess the efficacy of a mouthwash mixture (lidocaine, sodium alginate,
sucralfate, pheniramine) versus hyaluronic acid and a solution of sodium
bicarbonate in terms of healing time and weight gain in the treatment of oral
mucositis in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation with hemato-oncological malignancies.
Methods A total of 171 patients that received chemotherapy for the
hematopoietic stem cell transplant were divided into three groups; group 1,
treated with a mixed mouthwash of lidocaine, sodium alginate, sucralfate, and
pheniramine; group 2, treated with hyaluronic acid; and group 3, treated with an
aqueous solution of 5% sodium bicarbonate. Weight and mucositis scale scores
derived from medical records of patients.
Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mucositis
scale scores between the groups on the transplant day and days 5, 10, 15 and 20
after the transplantation. At these measurement points, Group 2 (receiving
hyaluronic acid) had a lower score, and Group 3 (who received sodium
bicarbonate) had a higher score, especially on days 5 and 10 after the
transplantation.
Conclusion The results suggest that hyaluronic acid is a more effective
treatment option than the other oral care solutions that are frequently used for
prophylaxis and treatment of oral mucositis.
Pretransplant Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Severe Secondary
Hyperparathyroidism and Long-Term Effectiveness After Kidney
Transplantation
Authors: Akcay Omer Faruk , Yeter Haci Hasan , Yuksel Osman , Guz Galip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKidney transplantation (KT) is the best option for patients with end-stage renal
disease, but recipients still have legacy bone mineral disease from the
pretransplant period, especially patients with severe secondary
hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). Patients who had severe sHPT and underwent KT were
analyzed retrospectively. Two groups were identified (patients with severe sHPT
who had parathyroidectomy or calcimimetic before KT). Bone mineral density (BMD)
was measured in the first year and last follow-up at the femoral neck, total
hip, and lumbar spine using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Persistent hyperparathyroidism (perHPT) incidence was significantly higher in
the calcimimetic group (75% vs. 40%, p=0.007). In patients with
parathyroidectomy, BMDs were higher at femoral neck (0.818±0.114 vs.
0.744±0.134, p=0.04) and lumbar spine (1.005±0.170 vs. 0.897±0.151, p=0.01) at
the first assessment. The BMD comparison between patients treated with
parathyroidectomy and calcimimetic found a significant difference only in the
femoral neck at second evaluation (0.835±0.118 vs. 0.758±0.129; p=0.03). In
multivariate, linear regression revealed a positive association between the last
BMD of the femoral neck with body mass index (CC: 0.297, 95% CI, 0.002–0.017)
and parathyroidectomy (CC: 0.319, 95% CI, 0.021–0.156). Parathyroidectomy is
associated with a significantly better femoral neck BMD and a lower incidence of
perHPT in patients with severe sHPT.
Effects of Different Weekly Set Volumes on Strength and Perceptual
Responses in Athletes
Authors: Enes Alysson , Spiess Bruno , Oneda Gustavo , Leonel Danilo Fonseca , Bernardo Mauro F. , Macedo Ana Carolina G. , Alves Ragami Chaves , De Souza Eduardo Oliveira , Souza-Junior Tácito P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different resistance training (RT) volumes
quantified by weekly sets at high intensity (load and effort) on dynamic
strength adaptations and psychophysiological responses in trained individuals.
Twenty-four athletes were randomly allocated to three groups that performed
three (3 S, n=8), six (6 S, n=8), and nine (9 S, n=8) weekly sets, respectively,
three times a week on the barbell back squat and bench press during an 8-week
period. While all groups showcased strength gains (p<0.05), post hoc
comparisons revealed that 6 S and 9 S elicited greater strength adaptations than
3 S in barbell back squat (p=0.027 and p=0.004, respectively) and bench press
(p=0.001 and p=0.044, respectively). There were no differences between 6 S and
9 S conditions for back squat (p=0.999) and bench press (p=0.378). Although a
time effect was observed for Session-RPE (p=0.014) and Total Quality Recovery
scale (p=0.020), psychophysiological responses were similar among groups. Our
findings suggest that performing six and nine weekly sets at high intensities
led to greater strength gains compared to three weekly sets in strength-trained
individuals, despite similar psychophysiological responses.