bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with methionine/homocysteine sulfur: cysteine metabolism to taurine and inorganic sulfur
Authors: Stipanuk Martha H. , Ueki Iori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSynthesis of cysteine as a product of the transsulfuration pathway can be viewed as part of methionine or homocysteine degradation, with cysteine being the vehicle for sulfur conversion to end products (sulfate, taurine) that can be excreted in the urine. Transsulfuration is regulated by stimulation of cystathionine β‐synthase and inhibition of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase in response to changes in the level of S‐adenosylmethionine, and this promotes homocysteine degradation when methionine availability is high. Cysteine is catabolized by several desulfuration reactions that release sulfur in a reduced oxidation state, generating sulfane sulfur or hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can be further oxidized to sulfate. Cysteine desulfuration is accomplished by alternate reactions catalyzed by cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase. Cysteine is also catabolized by pathways that require the initial oxidation of the cysteine thiol by cysteine dioxygenase to form cysteinesulfinate. The oxidative pathway leads to production of taurine and sulfate in a ratio of approximately 2:1. Relative metabolism of cysteine by desulfuration versus oxidative pathways is influenced by cysteine dioxygenase activity, which is low in animals fed low‐protein diets and high in animals fed excess sulfur amino acids. Thus, desulfuration reactions dominate when cysteine is deficient, whereas oxidative catabolism dominates when cysteine is in excess. In rats consuming a diet with an adequate level of sulfur amino acids, about two thirds of cysteine catabolism occurs by oxidative pathways and one third by desulfuration pathways. Cysteine dioxygenase is robustly regulated in response to cysteine availability and may function to provide a pathway to siphon cysteine to less toxic metabolites than those produced by cysteine desulfuration reactions.
Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis I
Authors: Tomatsu Shunji , Montaño Adriana M. , Oguma Toshihiro , Dung Vu Chi , Oikawa Hirotaka , de Carvalho Talita Giacomet , Gutiérrez María L. , Yamaguchi Seiji , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Fukushi Masaru , Sakura Nobuo , Barrera Luis , Kida Kazuhiro , Kubota Mitsuru , Orii Tadao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of α‐L‐iduronidase leading to accumulation of its catabolic substrates, dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), in lysosomes. This results in progressive multiorgan dysfunction and death in early childhood. The recent success of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS I highlights the need for biomarkers that reflect response to such therapy. To determine which biochemical markers are better, we determined serum and urine DS and HS levels by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in ERT‐treated MPS I patients. The group included one Hurler, 11 Hurler/Scheie, and two Scheie patients. Seven patients were treated from week 1, whereas the other seven were treated from week 26. Serum and urine DS (ΔDi‐4S/6S) and HS (ΔDiHS‐0S, ΔDiHS‐NS) were measured at baseline, week 26, and week 72. Serum ΔDi‐4S/6S, ΔDiHS‐0S, and ΔDiHS‐NS levels decreased by 72%, 56%, and 56%, respectively, from baseline at week 72. Urinary glycosaminoglycan level decreased by 61.2%, whereas urine ΔDi‐4S/6S, ΔDiHS‐0S, and ΔDiHS‐NS decreased by 66.8%, 71.8%, and 71%, respectively. Regardless of age and clinical severity, all patients showed marked decrease of DS and HS in blood and urine samples. We also evaluated serum DS and HS from dried blood‐spot samples of three MPS I newborn patients, showing marked elevation of DS and HS levels compared with those in control newborns. In conclusion, blood and urine levels of DS and HS provide an intrinsic monitoring and screening tool for MPS I patients.
Therapeutic approaches for neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Schiffmann Raphael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTherapy of the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) has remained a major challenge because of its inability to deliver therapeutic agents efficiently across the intact blood–brain barrier. Non‐specific therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been useful in globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) and in some mucopolysaccharidoses. Anti‐inflammatory agents also show promise as adjuvant therapy. High doses of replacement therapy with native or modified enzyme show renewed promise for correction of CNS cells. Alternatively, small molecules can enter the brain relatively easily and promote reduction of accumulated substrate or function as pharmacological chaperones to enhance the level of the deficient enzyme. Gene therapy is still being developed and tested in patients. It is therefore likely that, thanks to a better understanding of disease mechanism, a variety of therapeutic approaches, used alone or in combination, will be useful to treat the devastating neurological complications of LSDs.
From Farey symbols to generators for subgroups of finite index in integral group rings of finite groups
Authors: Dooms Ann , Jespers Eric , Konovalov Alexander 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe topic of this paper is the construction of a finite set of generators for a subgroup of finite index in the unit group u(ℤG) of the integral group ring of a finite group G. The present paper is a continuation of earlier research by Bass and Milnor, Jespers and Leal, and Ritter and Sehgal who constructed such generators provided that the group G does not have a non-abelian fixed-point free epimorphic image and the rational group algebra ℚG does not have simple epimorphic images that are two-by-two matrices over either the rationals, a quadratic imaginary extension of the rationals or a non-commutative division algebra. In this paper we allow simple images of the type M2(ℚ). We will do so by introducing new additional generators using Farey symbols, which are in one to one correspondence with fundamental polygons of congruence subgroups of PSL2(ℤ). Furthermore, for each simple Wedderburn component M2(ℚ) of ℚG, the new generators give a free subgroup that is embedded in M2(ℤ).
Internal jugular vein thrombosis secondary to a permanent cardiac pacemaker: an unusual case of lateral neck swelling
Authors: Arhi C S , Buchanan M A , Allen S A , Pickles J 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:To describe an unusual case of lateral neck swelling in a patient with a permanent cardiac pacemaker.Case report:We describe a patient who presented with a painful, lateral neck swelling due to an internal jugular vein thrombus. This thrombus originated from around pacemaker wires in the subclavian vein. This case is unusual, as the vast majority of thromboses in patients with cardiac pacemakers are found in the subclavian vein alone. We also review the literature on the relationship between cardiac pacemakers and internal jugular vein thrombosis, and on the management of the latter.Conclusion:Our patient illustrates a rare cause of a painful, lateral neck swelling: an internal jugular vein thrombus secondary to a cardiac pacemaker. Clinicians should be wary of such pathology in similar patients, in order to ensure early treatment and avoidance of complications.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the tonsil: case report and literature review
Authors: Magill J C , Ferguson M S , Butler C R , Sandison A , Grant W E 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:We present the first reported case in the English language literature of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the right tonsil in a young, pregnant woman, and we report a management strategy for this enigmatic entity.Case report:A 28-year-old, pregnant woman presented with a 10-day history of odynophagia despite a course of antibiotics. Examination revealed a grade II, erythematous right tonsil with ulceration on the upper pole. A biopsy was arranged, and initial evaluation was suggestive of spindle cell carcinoma. However, this diagnosis was reviewed after immunohistochemical staining confirmed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. Subsequent complete excision was undertaken using CO2laser.Conclusion:Clinically, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the tonsil is known to be locally aggressive and can present in a manner not dissimilar to a high grade carcinoma of the tonsil. As a result, the recommended treatment is complete local excision with careful follow up.
Reply to Comment on “Giving Advice: Enough Is Enough After Three Solar Cycles”
Authors: Mendillo Michael 
Published: February 2010

One of the joys of life is the ability to be surprised. I anticipated e‐mails from younger scientists expressing eagerness to serve on important advisory committees but frustrated at the lack of opportunity. Their messages spoke of the comfort zone of being in the shadows of the big boys—doing research rather than politics; but now they saw the need to get more involved. Bravo!My second surprise was that so many senior scientists, leaders of the geosciences nationally and abroad, voiced strong endorsements of the call to fix a dire situation.
Communicating Our Science: Three Workshops at the Fall Meeting
Authors: Cifuentes Inés , Landau Elizabeth 
Published: February 2010

Earth and space scientists are highly knowledgeable about many important things. For instance, they know about the role of greenhouse gases in climate change, the places in the world where earthquakes are most likely to occur, and how to find planets outside our solar system. Many scientists, however, do not know how to talk to anyone aside from other scientists.At the 2009 AGU Fall Meeting, members of the AGU strategic communications and outreach (SCO) staff held three workshops for scientists, in particular for students and those beginning their careers, on communicating with people who are not scientists.
Effect of Pre- and Post-Plant Fungicide and Fertilizer Treatments on Infection by Colletotrichum acutatum, Plant Survival, and Yield of Annual Strawberry in Florida
Authors: Mertely James C. , Seijo Teresa E. , Peres Natalia A. 
Published: February 2010

The effects of pre-plant dips and post-plant treatments on the infection by Colletotrichum acutatum, survival, and yields of strawberry plants were evaluated over two seasons in Florida using naturally infected transplants imported from northern nurseries. Handling practices such as washing, refrigerating, and dipping plants in water had no effect on infection, survival, or yield. Pre-plant dips with the fungicide Switch 62.5 WDG (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) and, in some cases, with Abound 2.08F (azoxystrobin), reduced infection and plant mortality, and increased yield. Pre-plant dips with Oxidate (hydrogen peroxide) were ineffective and, in some cases, increased plant mortality and reduced yield. Fertilizer treatments, such as dipping and spraying plants with Brotomax (8-0-0 plus micronutrients) or application of slow-release Osmocote (15-9-12 plus micronutrients) after planting, had no effect or reduced plant survival and yield. Post-plant application of Surround WP, a kaolin clay intended to reduce heat stress and control mites and insects, had little or no effect on infection, survival, or yield. In summary, strawberry transplants infected with C. acutatum can be dipped in Switch or Abound at planting to reduce infection and increase survival and yield, but other treatments and practices examined are unlikely to have beneficial effects. Accepted for publication 6 October 2009. Published 25 January 2010.
Decline of European Corn Borer as a Pest of Potatoes
Authors: Kuhar Thomas P. , Ghidiu Gerald , Doughty Hélène B. 
Published: February 2010

European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is regarded as a significant pest in North America. Larvae bore into stems, stalks, or the fruit of a wide range of agricultural crops. Published 29 January 2010.
Etiology of Peanut Pod Rot in Nicaragua: II. The Role of Pythium myriotylum as Defined by Applications of Gypsum and Fungicides
Authors: Augusto Joao , Brenneman Timothy B. , Csinos Alexander S. 
Published: February 2010

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is monocultured in western Nicaragua on loamysand soils, and a pod rot of unknown etiology can greatly reduce crop yield. Pythium myriotylum was frequently isolated from symptomatic pods in fields surveyed at Cosiguina, Leon, and Chinandega regions, although Rhizoctonia and Fusarium were also common. Applications of mefenoxam (0.57 kg a.i./ha), azoxystrobin (0.34 kg a.i./ha), and gypsum (670 kg/ha) at beginning pod and 28 to 35 days later were evaluated in field trials to determine their effects on pod rot and yield. Mefenoxam consistently decreased pod rot incidence and increased yield when disease was severe at Cosiguina. In Leon and Chinandega, azoxystrobin increased yield in fields with little pod rot, apparently by controlling stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), but did not decrease pod rot incidence. Application of gypsum had no effect on pod rot incidence or yield, but sometimes increased calcium levels in shells. Pod mycoflora isolations and response to mefenoxam suggest P. myriotylum is the primary cause of peanut pod rot in Nicaragua, especially in Cosiguina, where pod rot incidence was high. Accepted for publication 4 November 2009. Published 15 February 2010.
Indications of ‘atopic bowel’ in patients with self‐reported food hypersensitivity
Authors: LILLESTØL K. , HELGELAND L. , ARSLAN LIED G. , FLORVAAG E. , VALEUR J. , LIND R. , BERSTAD A. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1112–1122SummaryBackground  An association between atopic disease and gastrointestinal complaints has been suggested.Aim  To explore the association between atopic disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, and possible gastrointestinal manifestations of atopic disease in patients with self‐reported food hypersensitivity.Methods  Symptoms, skin prick tests, serum markers of allergy and intestinal permeability were recorded in 71 adult patients. Eosinophils, tryptase‐ and IgE‐positive cells were counted in duodenal biopsies.Results  Sixty‐six (93%) patients had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 43 (61%) had atopic disease, predominantly rhinoconjunctivitis. All 43 were sensitized to inhalant allergens, 29 (41%) to food allergens, but food challenges were negative. Serum total IgE and duodenal IgE‐positive cell counts were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) and both were significantly higher in atopic than in non‐atopic patients (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003 respectively). IgE‐positive cells appeared to be ‘armed’ mast cells. Intestinal permeability was significantly elevated in atopic compared with non‐atopic patients (P = 0.02). Gastrointestinal symptoms and numbers of tryptase‐positive mast cells and eosinophils did not differ between groups.Conclusions  Patients with self‐reported food hypersensitivity had a high prevalence of IBS and atopic disease. Atopic patients had increased intestinal permeability and density of IgE‐bearing cells compared with non‐atopic patients, but gastrointestinal symptoms did not differ between groups.
Development of a synthetic plant volatile‐based attracticide for female noctuid moths. II. Bioassays of synthetic plant volatiles as attractants for the adults of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Gregg Peter C , Del Socorro Alice P , Henderson George S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper reports olfactometer studies to determine the attractiveness of synthetic equivalents of plant volatiles to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) moths. Synthetic volatiles identified from host plants and other volatiles reported in literature as attractants to various noctuid species were tested in a two‐choice olfactometer. Of 34 single chemicals tested, only seven were significantly attractive, and six were significantly repellent. However, when presented as blends of two or more volatiles, 21 of 31 blends tested were significantly attractive, and only one was significantly repellent. The most attractive blends were those containing four to six components, including aromatic volatiles primarily found in flowers, especially 2‐phenylethanol and phenylacetaldehyde and volatiles found primarily in leaves, including green leaf volatiles and terpenoids. Some general principles in blending volatiles for developing attracticides for H. armigera are presented, including the need for blend complexity, the combination of volatiles from leaves and flowers, and early consideration of pragmatic factors such as price and toxicological profile.
Paroster extraordinarius sp. nov., a new groundwater diving beetle from the Flinders Ranges, with notes on other diving beetles from gravels in South Australia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Leys Remko , Roudnew Ben , Watts Chris H S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe first groundwater (stygobitic) diving beetle is reported from South Australia. Paroster extraordinarius sp. nov. (Dytiscidae: Hydroporini) is described and figured. Its morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequences place it in the hydroporine genus Paroster Sharp. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the new species is imbedded in a clade of stygobitic species from the Yilgarn area of Western Australia. The evolution of this species is discussed and compared with observations on the behaviour and distribution of other dytiscid beetles found in subterranean habitats in South Australia.
Estimating Self‐Selection of Immigrants: Comparing Earnings Differentials Between Natives and Immigrants in the US and Israel
Authors: Haberfeld Yitchak 
Published: February 2010

AbstractImmigrants’ economic assimilation in host countries is determined by patterns of self‐selection on both – observed attributes (mainly human capital) and unobserved attributes of the immigrants from their source countries. In the present study immigrants’ economic assimilation in the United States and Israel are compared. More specifically, the study compares the impact of immigrants’ unobserved characteristics on their earnings in both countries by applying a model for decomposing difference in differentials. It makes use of United States and Israeli decennial census data for comparing self‐selection patterns on unobserved attributes of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) who arrived in the United States and Israel during the 1970s. The results indicate that FSU immigrants who chose the United States have significantly higher levels of unobserved earnings determinants than those who chose Israel. These results are discussed in light of migration theories.
Radial data envelopment analysis models with mixed orientation of input and output
Authors: Wu Lifen , O'Brien Gregory C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses parametric solutions and envelopment formulations of radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with mixed orientation of input and output. These solutions geometrically but not numerically lie between the two usual solutions from input and output orientations. The consequent results provide alternative optimal solutions between those from input‐ and output‐oriented CCR models for constant returns to scale DEA models and optimal scale efficiency in addition to technical efficient solutions from input‐ and output‐oriented BCC models for variable returns to scale DEA models.
Buffer and server allocation in general multi‐server queueing networks
Authors: Van Woensel T. , Andriansyah R. , Cruz F. R. B. , Smith J. MacGregor , Kerbache L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the joint optimization of the number of buffers and servers, an important issue since buffers and servers represent a significant amount of investment for many companies. The joint buffer and server optimization problem (BCAP) is a non‐linear optimization problem with integer decision variables. The performance of the BCAP is evaluated by a combination of a two‐moment approximation (developed for the performance analysis of finite general‐service queues) and the generalized expansion method (a well‐known method for performance analysis of acyclic networks of finite queues). A standard non‐linear optimization package is used to optimize the BCAP for a large number of experiments. A comprehensive set of numerical results is presented. The results show that the methodology is capable of handling the trade‐off between the number of servers and buffers, yielding better throughputs than previously published studies. Also, the importance of the squared coefficient of variation of the service time is stressed, since it strongly influences the approximate optimal allocation.
Annual planning of harvesting resources in the forest industry
Authors: Bredström David , Jönsson Petrus , Rönnqvist Mikael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA cost‐efficient use of harvesting resources is important in the forest industry. The main planning is carried out in an annual resource plan that is continuously revised. The harvesting operations are divided into harvesting and forwarding. The harvesting operation fells trees and puts them in piles in the harvest areas. The forwarding operation collects piles and moves them to storage locations adjacent to forest roads. These operations are conducted by machines (harvesters, forwarders and harwarders), and these are operated by crews living in cities/villages that are within some maximum distance from the harvest areas. Machines, harvest teams and harvest areas have different characteristics and properties and it is difficult to find the best possible match throughout the year. The aim of the planning is to find an annual plan with the lowest possible cost. The total cost is based on three parts: production cost, traveling cost and moving cost. The production cost is the cost for the harvesting and forwarding. The traveling cost is the cost for driving back and forwards (daily) from the home base to the harvest area and the moving cost is associated with moving the machines and equipment between harvest areas. The Forest Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), together with a number of Swedish forest companies, has developed a decision support platform for the planning. One important element of this platform is that it should find high‐quality plans within short computational times. One central element is an optimization model that integrates the assignment of machines to harvest areas and schedules the harvest areas during the year for each machine. The problem is complex and we propose a two‐phase solution method where, first, we solve the assignment problem and, second, the scheduling. In order to be able to control the scheduling in phase 1 as well, we have introduced an extra cost component that controls the geographical distribution of harvest areas for each machine in phase 1. We have tested the solution approach on a case study from one of the larger Swedish forest companies. This case study involves 46 machines and 968 harvest areas representing a log volume of 1.33 million cubic meters. We describe some numerical results and experience from the development and tests.