bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ethics of space, design and color in an oncology ward
Authors: Andritsch Elisabeth , Stöger Herbert , Bauernhofer Thomas , Andritsch Hans , Kasparek Anne-Katrin , Schaberl-Moser Renate , Ploner Ferdinand , Samonigg Hellmut 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChange affects all areas of healthcare organizations and none more so than each aspect of the oncology ward, beginning with the patient's room. It is there that the issues faced by the major players in healing environments – administrator, caregiver, family member, and, most importantly, the patient – come sharply into focus. Hospitals are building new facilities or renovating old ones in order to adapt to new environmental demands of patient care and security. Driven by ethical and professional responsibility, the oncological team headed by Professor Hellmut Samonigg of Graz Medical University Graz pursued a vision of designing a model oncology ward unique in Europe. Friedensreich Hundertwasser, the world-famous artist, was the creative force behind the design. The oncology ward became a place of healing, permeated with a colorful sense of life and harmonious holistic care. The successful outcome was confirmed by the extraordinarily positive feedback by patients, families, and healthcare staff.
Direct care staff and parents'/legal guardians' perspectives on end-of-life care in a long-term care facility for medically fragile and intellectually disabled pediatric and young adult residents
Authors: Grossberg Richard I. , Blackford Martha , Friebert Sarah , Benore Ethan , Reed Michael D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:Children and young adults with severe disabilities and their families are faced with enormous challenges throughout the lifespan, including admitting the child to a long-term care facility (LTCF) and making end-of-life (EOL) care decisions. While children are residents of these specialized LTCF, the majority of their daily care, even up until death, is provided by nursing aides or habilitation aides (HAs) with limited training and educational backgrounds compared with other licensed healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a resident's EOL experience on the primary HAs and parents/guardians.Method:Thirty-five resident deaths occurred at Hattie Larlham Center for Children with Disabilities (HLCCD) between January 1, 2006 and February 28, 2009. The HAs and parents/legal guardians were identified for each death and invited to complete three surveys per resident (FAMCARE, Impact of Events Scale (IES)-revised, and Perspective on End-of-Life Care) to assess their experience. There were 112 surveys mailed to 62 HAs and 47 surveys mailed to 47 parents.Results:Forty-two surveys were returned from 18/62 HAs (response rate 29%) and 11/47 parents/legal guardians completed the surveys (response rate 23%). The FAMCARE survey found that parents were more satisfied with the EOL care than were the HAs. The IES-revised found no difference in traumatic responses from either group. Comments from the Perspective on End-of-Life Care survey were analyzed qualitatively for common themes including pain control, respect, decision making, environmental needs, resources, and support.Significance of results:Because of a low response rate, it was difficult to draw significant conclusions; however, several interesting trends were noted regarding the number of deaths HAs experienced, satisfaction with care, and distress. The special needs of this population and their caregivers can provide crucial insights into interventions (e.g. chaplaincy support, debriefings, anticipatory counseling, environmental changes) that might be of benefit for any caregiver or parent of a child with a long-term, chronic condition, particularly involving developmental disability.
Geographic boundary of the “Pacific Anomaly” and its geometry and transitional structure in the north
Authors: He Yumei , Wen Lianxing 
Published: August 2012

We determine the geographical boundary and average shear velocity structure of the Pacific Anomaly at the base of the mantle based on travel time analysis of ScSH‐SH and ScS2 (ScSScS)‐SS phases and waveform modeling results. We further constrain the detailed geometry of the northern Anomaly around (20°N, −170°E) and its transition to the surrounding high velocity region along three perpendicular cross sections on the basis of forward waveform modeling of the observed direct S and ScS phases. The observed differential travel‐time residuals and waveform modeling results allow the whole geographic boundary of the Anomaly to be delineated and the area of the base of the Anomaly is estimated to be 1.9 × 107 km2. The maximum shear velocity perturbation inside the Anomaly reaches −5% in the lowermost 500 km of the mantle. Waveform analysis suggests that the northern Anomaly reaches 450 km above the CMB with both steeply and shallowly dipping edges and its basal layer extends beneath the surrounding mantle with the degree of extension changing rapidly across a small distance. The inferred characteristics of the Anomaly support the previous suggestion that the Pacific Anomaly represents a chemical anomaly. However, unlike the inferred features of the African Anomaly pointing to an ancient compositionally distinct and geologically stable anomaly, the existence of several separated piles extending into the mid‐lower mantle, the complex morphology of the piles with both steeply and shallowly dipping edges and the presence of many ultra‐low velocity zones at its base suggest that the Pacific Anomaly likely possesses varying intrinsic compositions and exhibits complex interaction with the surrounding mantle.
An empirical study of the impact of human activity on long‐term temperature change in China: A perspective from energy consumption
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Xinyi 
Published: August 2012

Human activity is an important contributor to local temperature change, especially in urban areas. Energy consumption is treated here as an index of the intensity of human induced local thermal forcing. The relationship between energy consumption and temperature change is analyzed in China by Observation Minus Reanalysis (OMR) method. Temperature trends for observation, reanalysis and OMR are estimated from meteorological records and 2 m‐temperature from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 for the period 1979–2007. A spatial mapping scheme based on the spatial and temporal relationship between energy consumption and Gross Domestic Production (GDP) is developed to derive the spatial distribution of energy consumption of China in 2003. A positive relationship between energy consumption and OMR trends is found in high and mid energy consumption region. OMR trends decline with the decreasing intensity of human activity from 0.20°C/decade in high energy consumption region to 0.13°C/decade in mid energy consumption region. Forty‐four stations in high energy consumption region that are exposed to the largest human impact are selected to investigate the impact of energy consumption spatial pattern on temperature change. Results show human impact on temperature trends is highly dependent on spatial pattern of energy consumption. OMR trends decline from energy consumption center to surrounding areas (0.26 to 0.04°C/decade) and get strengthened as the spatial extent of high energy consumption area expands (0.14 to 0.25°C/decade).
Plädoyer für NIDCAP in Deutschland
Authors: Rist Stephanie 
Published: August 2012

ZusammenfassungIntensivmedizinische Maßnahmen haben einen enormen Einfluss auf das Verhalten und die
Entwicklung Frühgeborener. Um ihnen trotz der belastenden Eingriffe eine optimale
Entwicklung zu ermöglichen, benötigen sie eine besondere, individuelle Betreuung. NIDCAP,
ein Pflegekonzept für Frühgeborene, fördert gezielt die Hirnentwicklung und somit
das kognitive Outcome.
Relative‐age effect on competition outcomes at the World Youth and World Junior Athletics Championships
Authors: Hollings Stephen C. , Hume Patria A. , Hopkins Will G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe relative‐age effect refers to a higher frequency of athletes with birthdates earlier in the competitive year. Track and field athletics has a 2‐year competitive cycle at youth and junior levels that could make it particularly susceptible to the effect. We have therefore investigated the effect in athletics event finalists (first to eighth place) at the 2008 Junior Championships (men and women aged ≤ 19 years; n=1479) and the 2009 Youth Championships (boys and girls aged 16–17 years; n=1445). Counts of finalists differing in age by 1 year were estimated with Poisson regression and compared as factor effects (with ×/÷90% confidence limits and assessment of magnitude). The factor effects were: junior men 2.1 (×/÷1.4, large); junior women 1.7 (×/÷1.4, moderate); youth boys 3.7 (×/÷1.4, very large); youth girls 2.1 (×/÷1.3, large). Analysis by event group indicated the age effect was greatest in youth boys' sprints & hurdles (4.0, ×/÷1.7, very large), throws (7.2, ×/÷2.3, very large) and jumps (5.6, ×/÷1.9, very large), whereas it was smallest in junior men's throws (1.4, ×/÷1.4, small) and youth girls' jumps (1.4, ×/÷1.4, small). In conclusion, the marked relative‐age effects in athletics must exclude some talented younger athletes from youth and junior championships and presumably discourage them from continuing to senior championships. The consequences are a lower overall standard of performance and, for some athletes, termination of involvement in athletics before realising their full potential. An alternative structure and calendar is needed to make youth and junior athletics championships more equitable.
Mobility enhancement and highly efficient gating of monolayer MoS2 transistors with polymer electrolyte
Authors: Lin Ming-Wei , Liu Lezhang , Lan Qing , Tan Xuebin , Dhindsa Kulwinder S , Zeng Peng , Naik Vaman M , Cheng Mark Ming-Cheng , Zhou Zhixian 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We report electrical characterization of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) devices using a thin layer of polymer electrolyte (PE) consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as both a contact-barrier reducer and channel mobility booster. We find that bare MoS2 devices (without PE) fabricated on Si/SiO2 have low channel mobility and large contact resistance, both of which severely limit the field-effect mobility of the devices. A thin layer of PEO/LiClO4 deposited on top of the devices not only substantially reduces the contact resistance but also boost the channel mobility, leading up to three-orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the field-effect mobility of the device. When the PE is used as a gate medium, the MoS2 field-effect transistors exhibit excellent device characteristics such as a near ideal subthreshold swing and an on/off ratio of 106 as a result of the strong gate-channel coupling.
Design and measurement of a polarization convertor based on a truncated circular waveguide
Authors: Zhang Liang , Donaldson Craig R , He Wenlong 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A polarization convertor based on a truncated circular waveguide is studied. It is simple to make and suitable for operating in the low terahertz frequency range. The bandwidth, machining tolerance and the nonlinear taper, used to reduce microwave reflection, are discussed. A W-band truncated polarization convertor was fabricated and its microwave properties were measured. An averaged transmission loss of −0.3 dB and a reflection of −30 dB were measured, which are in good agreement with the analytical calculation and numerical simulation presented in this paper.
Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy of nanosecond pulsed discharges in atmospheric-pressure N2 and N2/H2O mixtures
Authors: van der Horst R M , Verreycken T , van Veldhuizen E M , Bruggeman P J 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this contribution, nanosecond pulsed discharges in N2 and N2/0.9% H2O at atmospheric pressure (at 300 K) are studied with time-resolved imaging, optical emission spectroscopy and Rayleigh scattering. A 170 ns high-voltage pulse is applied across two pin-shaped electrodes at a frequency of 1 kHz. The discharge consists of three phases: an ignition phase, a spark phase and a recombination phase. During the ignition phase the emission is mainly caused by molecular nitrogen (N2(C–B)). In the spark and recombination phase mainly atomic nitrogen emission is observed. The emission when H2O is added is very similar, except the small contribution of H
α
and the intensity of the molecular N2(C–B) emission is less.
The gas temperature during the ignition phase is about 350 K, during the discharge the gas temperature increases and is 1 µs after ignition equal to 750 K. The electron density is obtained by the broadening of the N emission line at 746 nm and, if water is added, the H
α
line. The electron density reaches densities up to 4 × 1024 m−3. Addition of water has no significant influence on the gas temperature and electron density.
The diagnostics used in this study are described in detail and the validity of different techniques is compared with previously reported results of other groups.
Inactivation of Gram-positive biofilms by low-temperature plasma jet at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Marchal F , Robert H , Merbahi N , Fontagné-Faucher C , Yousfi M , Romain C E , Eichwald O , Rondel C , Gabriel B 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This work is devoted to the evaluation of the efficiency of a new low-temperature plasma jet driven in ambient air by a dc-corona discharge to inactivate adherent cells and biofilms of Gram-positive bacteria. The selected microorganisms were lactic acid bacteria, a Weissella confusa strain which has the particularity to excrete a polysaccharide polymer (dextran) when sucrose is present. Both adherent cells and biofilms were treated with the low-temperature plasma jet for different exposure times. The antimicrobial efficiency of the plasma was tested against adherent cells and 48 h-old biofilms grown with or without sucrose. Bacterial survival was estimated using both colony-forming unit counts and fluorescence-based assays for bacterial cell viability. The experiments show the ability of the low-temperature plasma jet at atmospheric pressure to inactivate the bacteria. An increased resistance of bacteria embedded within biofilms is clearly observed. The resistance is also significantly higher with biofilm in the presence of sucrose, which indicates that dextran could play a protective role.
The radial contraction of argon microwave plasmas studied by Thomson scattering
Authors: Carbone E A D , Hübner S , Palomares J M , van der Mullen J J A M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Radial electron density n
e(r) and temperature T
e(r) profiles of a microwave argon plasma at intermediate pressure were investigated by Thomson scattering. This method allows one to get n
e(r) and T
e(r) spatially resolved without any a priori assumption on the shape of the profile. Data were acquired in the pressure range 5–88 mbar where a transition from wall-stabilized to a radially contracted plasma mode was observed.
It was found that the fitting of the radial profile can be done with a Bessel function for which the boundary radius R defined by n
e(R) = 0 is a free parameter. For pressures above 20 mbar the electron density profile undergoes radial contraction, so R goes down from 3 mm at 5 mbar (wall position) to 2.09 mm at 88 mbar. The electron temperature T
e(r) on the other hand is flat in the centre and rises towards the wall. For low pressures, this rise is moderate but for pressures of 20 mbar and above the increase is more pronounced.
On universal spaces for the class of Banach spaces whose dual balls are uniform Eberlein compacts
Authors: Brech Christina , Koszmider Piotr 
Published: August 2012

For

κ
\kappa

being the first uncountable cardinal

ω
1

\omega _1

or

κ
\kappa

being the cardinality of the continuum

c

\mathfrak {c}

, we prove that it is consistent that there is no Banach space of density

κ
\kappa

in which it is possible to isomorphically embed every Banach space of the same density which has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable renorming or, equivalently, whose dual unit ball with the weak

∗

^*

topology is a subspace of a Hilbert space (a uniform Eberlein compact space). This complements a consequence of results of M. Bell and of M. Fabian, G. Godefroy, and V. Zizler which says that assuming the continuum hypothesis, there is a universal space for all Banach spaces of density

κ
=

c

=

ω
1

\kappa =\mathfrak {c}=\omega _1

that have a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable renorming. Our result implies, in particular, that

β

N

∖

N

\beta \mathbb {N}\setminus \mathbb {N}

may not map continuously onto a compact subset of a Hilbert space with the weak topology of density

κ
=

ω
1

\kappa =\omega _1

or

κ
=

c

\kappa =\mathfrak {c}

and that a

C
(
K
)

C(K)

space for some uniform Eberlein compact space

K
K

may not embed isomorphically into

ℓ
∞

/

c
0

\ell _\infty /c_0

.
First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Occurrence in Hydrangea in the United States
Authors: Lockhart B. , Mollov D. , Daughtrey M. 
Published: August 2012

In spring of 2012, a previously unrecorded virus-like disease characterized by conspicuous yellow leaf blotching (calico symptoms) was observed in plants of Hydrangea macrophylla in a single location in Southampton, NY. Bacilliform and spherical particles resembling those of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in partially purified extracts from symptomatic leaf tissue. The identity of the virus was confirmed by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) (4) using antiserum to AMV (ATCC PVAS 92) that both trapped and decorated the virions. Three primer pairs designed from available AMV RNA 1, RNA 2, and RNA 3 genomic sequences were used to generate amplicons from the hydrangea AMV isolate. Reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR was done using total RNA extracted from symptomatic hydrangea leaf tissue with a Qiagen RNeasy kit, and Ready-to-Go RT-PCR beads (GE Healthcare). Amplicons of 1,049, 1,013, and 658 bp were obtained using the primer pairs AMV1F (5′-ATCCACCGATGCCAGCCTTA)/AMV1R (5′-TTCCGCCTCACTGCTGTCTG), AMV2F (5′-GATCGCCGGAAGTGATCCAG)/AMV2R (5′-TCACCGGAAGCAACAACGAA), and AMV3F (5′-GCCGGTTCTCCAAAGGGTCT)/AMV3R (5′-CGCGTCGAAGTCCAGACAGA), respectively. The PCR products were cloned using a TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogen) and three clones of each were sequenced. The sequences obtained from the hydrangea AMV RNA 1 (JX154090), RNA 2 (JX154091), and RNA 3 (JX154092) had 95 to 98% nucleotide sequence identity to homologous genomic sequences of known AMV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMV occurrence in H. macrophylla in the United States. This virus has been reported to occur in H. macrophylla in British Columbia (3), but in a previous survey its presence was not detected in hydrangeas in the United States (1). A report of possible AMV infection in H. macrophylla in Italy (2) was based solely on symptomatology and cross-protection tests and therefore cannot be verified. The AMV-infected hydrangea plants were found by ISEM to also contain low concentrations of Hydrangea ringspot virus (HRSV) and Hydrangea chlorotic mottle virus (HdCMV). However, based on previous evidence of single and mixed infections (3), it is unlikely that the calico symptoms observed were influenced by the presence of HRSV and HdCMV. This report is of interest both because AMV, unlike HRSV and HdCMV, causes foliar symptoms that would render hydrangea plant unmarketable, and because the disease can be spread by a number of common aphid species that transmit AMV. It will also serve to alert growers and diagnosticians to the potential threat posed by AMV infection. References: (1) T. C. Allen et al. Acta Hortic. 164:85, 1985. (2) G. Belli. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 7:70, 1968. (3) A. W. Chiko and S. E. Godkin. Plant Dis. 70:541, 1986. (4) B. E. L. Lockhart et al. Phytopathology 82:691, 1992.
First Report of Brown Spot Disease Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Hylocereus undatus in Guangdong, Chinese Mainland
Authors: Lan G.-B. , He Z.-F. , Xi P.-G. , Jiang Z.-D. 
Published: August 2012

Pitahaya or dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose] is one of the most popular tropical fruits in the world. In China, it is widely planted in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Taiwan. In July 2011, a new pitahaya disease was found in Conghua City and Yunfu City, Guangdong Province, China, characterized by many small, circular, reddish brown spots over the diseased stems. The spots continuously expanded, and ultimately formed large areas of canker on stems. It is similar to pitahaya stem canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Taiwan (1). Pieces of tissues were collected from the lesion margins. After surface disinfestations with 1% sodium hypochloride for 1 min and rinsing in sterile water three times, the diseased tissues were placed on potato dextrose agar medium plates (PDA) and incubated at 28°C for 3 days. A dark, fast-growing fungus was isolated from all samples. For identification, single-spore cultures were grown on PDA in an incubator at 28°C. After 5 days, colonies with dark gray to black aerial mycelium formed. The colonies produced abundant conidia that occurred in arthric chains in aerial mycelium. The conidia were disarticulating, cylindrical-truncate, oblong-obtuse to doliform, dark brown, zero- to one-septate, and averaged 7.56 (5.46 to 10.30) × 6.20 (3.79 to 8.93) μm. The teleomorph was never observed in PDA culture. Based on these characteristics, the fungus was identified as N. dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers (2). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNAs from two isolates were amplified by primers ITS1 and ITS4 (3), and then sequenced. Both sequences were completely identical and 579 bp long (GenBank Accession Nos. JX128103 and JX128104), with 99% identity to that of N. dimidiatum previously deposited (Accession No. HQ439174). To confirm its pathogenicity, six healthy detached stems of pitahaya designed as two replicates were inoculated by injecting 10 μl of conidia suspension (1 × 106 conidia per ml). Three stems were inoculated with sterile water as controls. The inoculated stems were kept in an incubator at 28°C in dark. The stems exhibited the same symptoms as described above after 10 days post inoculation, whereas no symptoms developed on the control stems. The fungus was reisolated from the lesions of the inoculated stem. These results indicated that N. dimidiatum was the pathogen of pitahaya brown spot disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown spot caused by N. dimidiatum on H. undatus on the Chinese mainland. References: (1) M. F. Chuang et al. Plant Dis. 96:906, 2012. (2) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.