bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary nanoliposome‐coated astaxanthin on haematological parameters, immune responses and the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Besharat Mojdeh , Islami Houman Rajabi , Soltani Mehdi , Mousavi Seyed Abdolmajid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAstaxanthin is the most prevalent carotenoid in the marine environment and is widely used as an additive in formulated aquafeeds.ObjectivesA 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to consider the effect of dietary nanoliposome‐coated astaxanthin (NA) on haematological parameters, serum antioxidant activities and immune responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.MethodsA total of 450 healthy fish weighing 31.00 ± 2.09 g were randomly assigned in triplicate (30 fish per replicate) to 5 dietary treatments: 0 (control), 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, and 100.00 mg kg−1 NA.ResultsFish fed the diet supplemented with 50.00 mg kg−1 NA exhibited the highest values of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit of 1.64 ± 0.01 × 106 mm−3, 5.54 ± 0.21 × 103 mm−3, 8.73 ± 0.24 g dL−1 and 46.67% ± 0.88%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). The lowest and highest percentages of lymphocytes (67.67% ± 0.33%) and neutrophils (27.33% ± 1.20%) were also obtained in fish fed 50.00 mg kg−1 NA compared to those fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). Fish receiving diet supplemented with 50.00 mg kg−1 NA revealed the highest serum activity in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme and alternative complement and the lowest level of total cholesterol, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than fish receiving the basal diet (p < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and ACH50 contents significantly increased with increasing dietary NA supplementation to the highest values of 43.17 ± 1.46 and 293.33 ± 2.03 U mL−1, respectively, in fish fed diet supplemented with 50 mg kg−1 NA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSupplementation of NA in rainbow trout diet at 50 mg kg−1 exhibited a positive effect on haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Administration of such dosage can enhance rainbow trout immune responses against unfavourable or stressful conditions, for example disease outbreaks, hypoxic condition, thermal stress and sudden osmotic fluctuations, which usually happen in an intensive culture system.
Converting rectangular and circular primary tanks into the AAA biologically enhanced clarification settler
Authors: Wett Bernhard , Aichinger Peter , Murthy Sudhir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe frequent design challenge for existing water resource recovery facilities targets the accommodation of an ~50% load increase within the existing infrastructure and footprint. Off‐loading this organic load at the top‐end of the plant and redirection toward the digesters has proven the most efficient way of process intensification. The Triple A settler is an “activated primary treatment,” stands for alternating activated adsorption, and can be retrofitted into existing rectangular or circular (mostly) primary tanks at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h and a sludge retention time of about 0.5 days. Several technology implementations demonstrate flexible designs adjusting to existing tank geometries and depths of 2.5 to 5.0 m. Different implementation scales from dry‐weather flow rates ranging from 0.1 to 10 mgd show generic applicability of the functional principles at any scale: Biosorption, bioflocculation, and assimilation provide the key added value in pretreatment efficiencies of ~60/25/33 in %COD/%N/%P removal compared with application of pure physics in primary settling with typical 33%/9%/11% removal, respectively.Practitioners Points

Triple A is a hybrid form of A‐stage and contact stabilizer for advanced primary treatment.
Besides COD and TSS, also, P and N can be removed via Triple A.
Triple A can be retrofitted in existing rectangular or circular tanks.
This high‐rate process does not worsen the conditions for enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
Energy efficiency, capacity increase, and operational benefits are the main goals of Triple A.
Comparing gastrointestinal stromal tumor outcomes between geriatric and non‐geriatric patients: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Singh Abhiram , Chitti Bhargava , Aguiar Christopher , Wernicke A. Gabriella , Devoe Craig E. , Rahman Husneara , Sison Cristina , Parashar Bhupesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. SEER is an extensive cancer database which proves useful in analyzing population trends. This analysis investigated GIST outcomes between geriatric & non‐geriatric patients.MethodsSEER*STAT 8.4.0.1 was used to extract relevant GIST data from 2000 to 2019. Geriatric age was defined as ≥70 years. Variables included age, sex, surgery, cancer‐specific death, and overall survival. Statistical tests included univariate analysis using KM survival estimate (95% confidence interval) to calculate 5‐year survival (5YS). Log‐Rank tests determined statistical significance. Multivariable Cox's PH regression estimated the geriatric hazard death ratio adjusted for sex, stage, and surgery.ResultsThe number of patients included was 13,579, yielding overall 5YS of 68.6% (95% CI 67.7–69.5). Cancer‐specific death was 39.11% in 2000 & 3.33% in 2019. Non‐geriatric & geriatric patient data yielded 5YS of 77.4% (76.4%–78.3%) and 53.3% (51.7%–54.8%) respectively (p < 0.0001). For no surgery/surgery, younger patient data yielded 5YS of 48.7% (45.8%–51.4%) and 83.7% (82.7%–84.7%) respectively (p < 0.0001); geriatric data yielded 5YS of 29.3% (26.5%–32.1%) and 62.8% (60.8%–64.6%) respectively (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis yielded a geriatric hazard death of 2.56 (2.42–2.70) (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsCancer‐specific death decreased since 2000, indicating an improvement in survival & treatment methods. Observed lower survival rates overall in the geriatric group. Surgery appeared to enhance survival rates in both groups, suggesting that surgery is an important factor in GIST survival regardless of age. Large prospective studies will help define clinical management for geriatric patients.
Experimental Basis
Authors: Zhang Chun-Liang , Wang Ju , Kaufhold Stephan , Liu Yuemiao , Czaikowski Oliver , Pingel Janis , Schäfer Thorsten , Kouhail Yasmine , Bouby Muriel , Heberling Frank , Morélova Nikoletta , Stoll Madeleine , Kraft Stephanie , Gill Nadine , Joseph Claudia , Geckeis Horst 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA research programme has been conducted jointly by GRS together with BRIUG and BGR to characterize GMZ bentonite as buffer material in comparison with the well-known MX80 bentonite.
Vorstellung der Mindeststeuerregeln
Authors: Steinmeister Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung einer weltweiten Mindeststeuer für multinationale Konzerne soll durch ein Gespann aus vier Regelungen erreicht werden. Zu unterscheiden ist zwischen den sog. GloBE Rules („GloBE-Regeln“) und einer ergänzenden „Subject to Tax Rule“ („STTR“) auf DBA-Ebene. Die GloBE-Regeln bestehen aus der vorrangig anzuwendenden „Income Inclusion Rule“ („IIR“) als einer Art Hinzurechnungsbesteuerung, welche von einer ebenfalls auf DBA-Ebene umzusetzenden „Switch-over Rule“ („SOR“) flankiert werden kann, und der nachrangig anzuwendenden „Undertaxed Payments Rule“ („UTPR“), die länderabhängig entweder als Betriebsausgabenabzugsbeschränkung oder in einer vergleichbaren Form (z. B. einer Quellenbesteuerung mit Abzugsverfahren) ausgestaltet werden soll. Die Erhebung der Mindeststeuer soll in diesem Rahmen erfolgen, wenn die Erträge der in einem anderen Staat ansässigen Konzerneinheiten eines multinationalen Konzerns dort mit einem effektiven Steuersatz von weniger als 15 % besteuert werden. Der Differenzbetrag wird dann bei einer anderen Konzerneinheit, im Idealfall der Konzernobergesellschaft, im Inland über die Globe-Regeln nachbesteuert.
Entwicklung der Ambulantisierung
Authors: Tillmanns Hanna , Jäckel Dörte 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAmbulante Operationen können in Deutschland sowohl von Vertragsärztinnen und -ärzten als auch durch Krankenhäuser durchgeführt werden. Internationale Vergleiche zeigen, dass deutlich mehr Fälle ambulant erbracht werden können. Hinzu kommen die sinkenden personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen, die bedarfsgerecht eingesetzt werden müssen und so unnötige vollstationäre Behandlungen vermeiden. Gleichwohl haben sich die Fallzahlen im Bereich des ambulanten Operierens in über einem Jahrzehnt kaum verändert. Dieser Beitrag ermittelt auf Basis der Abrechnungsdaten von AOK-Versicherten, welche Leistungen ein Potenzial zur Ambulantisierung aufweisen und wie sich der Grad der Ambulantisierung über einen Zeitraum von zwölf Jahren verändert hat. Bei der Ermittlung ambulantisierbarer Fälle werden unterschiedliche, aktuell diskutierte Methoden angewandt. Die Ergebnisse werden sowohl regionalisiert als auch leistungsspezifisch diskutiert. Es zeigt sich ein geringfügiger Rückgang des Ambulantisierungsgrades auf Bundesebene, welcher auf weiteren gesetzlichen Handlungsbedarf zur Förderung der Ambulantisierung hinweist.
Operative Umsetzung der ambulanten, stationsersetzenden Versorgung in Krankenhäusern
Authors: Spinner Georg , Kaiss Joanina , Hagemeier Christina , Katholing Monika , Schäfer Carsten 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer Studie im Auftrag der Rhön Stiftung Eugen und Ingeborg Münch wurde untersucht, wie sich die ambulante Versorgung in Krankenhäusern derzeit darstellt und wie sich Krankenhäuser in Zukunft aufstellen müssen, um die ambulante Leistungserbringung kostendeckend zu gestalten und die Ambulantisierung voranzutreiben. Die zentralen Ergebnisse sind in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst. Dabei sollen Antworten auf die Frage geliefert werden, wie die operative Umsetzung der ambulanten, stationsersetzenden Versorgung in Krankenhäusern in Bezug auf Infrastruktur, Organisation, Prozesse sowie Personaleinsatz gelingen kann, basierend auf der Annahme, dass für die ambulante Leistungserbringung derzeit kaum passende Strukturen und Prozesse existieren. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde anhand von zwei Beispielhäusern eine Ambulanzkostenrechnung auf Basis einer Vollkostenrechnung durchgeführt und die Auswirkungen der Umsetzung des ambulanten Potenzials auf die Deckungsbeiträge definierter Fachabteilungen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden in Expertengesprächen validiert und ergänzt. Die Studie identifiziert sechs Handlungsfelder und zeigt die Schrittfolge für die Umsetzung der Ambulantisierung auf. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verdeutlichen, dass, neben Änderungen in der Vergütung eine grundlegende Überarbeitung des ambulanten Geschäftsmodells in Krankenhäusern unerlässlich ist, um die ambulante stationsersetzende Versorgung erfolgreich voranzubringen.
A Methodological Approach and Geometry-Based Typology of Late-Gothic Net Vaults’ Rib Systems. Presented on Case Studies from Historic Hungary
Authors: Jobbik Eszter , Krähling János 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extensive literature exists concerning the building and construction techniques of Late Gothic net vaults’ rib systems. Nonetheless, the most influential works on this subject were authored in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—long after these structures were constructed. During this period, the accuracy of the available survey techniques limited the knowledge about these vaults’ exact geometry. Nowadays, terrestrial laser scanning allows us to gather never-before-evaluated data about them. In this article, we present a new geometry-based typology of Late Gothic net vaults’ rib systems – based on written sources and our own case studies – which challenges some premises of the literature. The typology is accompanied by a thorough explanation of our methodology for geometric analysis. We also accentuate our views on the crucial role of geometric analysis in studying building connections and genealogy.
“To implant or not to implant”: electrically evoked auditory brainstem response audiometry for decision-making in vestibular schwannoma resection with CI
Authors: Dahm Valerie , Gadenstaetter Anselm Joseph , Arnoldner Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVestibular schwannomas (VS) are often associated with debilitating hearing loss. Therefore, preservation and rehabilitation of hearing have become major therapeutic goals of VS management. Recently, cochlear implantation (CI) has been established as an effective treatment option for VS-associated hearing loss. Nevertheless, the integrity and proper function of the cochlear nerve must be evaluated before conducting CI to ensure optimal CI outcomes. Various methods to determine cochlear nerve integrity and functionality have emerged in the last few years. Of these, the use of electrically evoked auditory brainstem response audiometry (eABR) in particular has been proven to be a meaningful tool for monitoring cochlear nerve health during VS surgery. Here, the cochlear nerve can be electrically stimulated using an intracochlear test electrode before, during, and after tumor extirpation. Subsequently, the resulting brainstem responses can be measured and interpreted accordingly to obtain direct information on the cochlear nerve function. This allows for continuous monitoring of cochlear nerve function throughout the course of VS surgery and aids in the decision-making for CI candidacy. Finally, in the case of preserved brainstem responses, CI can be performed instantly after VS extirpation. This simultaneous approach offers several advantages over two-staged procedures and has been shown to be an efficient and safe procedure for restoring hearing after VS removal.
Chance und Risken von künstlicher Intelligenz und Machine Learning in der bildgebenden Diagnostik
Authors: Nehrer Stefan , Chen Kenneth , Ljuhar Richard , Götz Christoph 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) findet zunehmend Anwendung in der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Dieser umfassende Begriff bezieht sich auf Computerprogramme, die in der Lage sind, intelligente Aufgaben zu übernehmen und zu lösen. Die stetige Weiterentwicklung der KI-Architekturen ermöglicht es, auch anspruchsvolle Aufgaben wie die Erkennung und Quantifizierung von radiologischen Parametern auf einem höheren Niveau zu bewältigen. Gegenwärtig erfolgen die Beurteilung und Beschreibung solcher Parameter größtenteils auf manuelle Weise und in narrativer Form. Diese manuelle Vorgehensweise ist nicht nur zeitintensiv, sondern auch anfällig für Interrater- und Intrarater-Variabilität, da sie stark von der beurteilenden Person und äußeren Einflüssen beeinflusst wird. Mithilfe von KI-Algorithmen können standardisierte und reproduzierbare Ergebnisse entstehen, da sie unabhängig von externen Einflüssen Informationen in Bilddaten auf den Pixel genau auswerten kann. Ein entscheidender Vorteil besteht darin, dass die KI im Gegensatz zur manuellen Beurteilung auch auf umfangreiche Hintergrunddaten zurückgreifen kann, was zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Genauigkeit führt. In der Rolle eines unterstützenden Tools trägt die KI dazu bei, die Qualität der Röntgenbildbeurteilung zu steigern, während gleichzeitig die Arbeitsbelastung reduziert wird.
Chatbots, search engines, and the sealing of knowledges
Authors: Lindemann Nora Freya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2023, online search engine provider Microsoft integrated a language model that provides direct answers to search queries into its search engine Bing. Shortly afterwards, Google also introduced a similar feature to its search engine with the launch of Google Gemini. This introduction of direct answers to search queries signals an important and significant change in online search. This article explores the implications of this new search paradigm. Drawing on Donna Haraway’s theory of Situated Knowledges and Rainer Mühlhoff’s concept of Sealed Surfaces, I introduce the term Sealed Knowledges to draw attention to the increasingly difficult access to the plurality of potential answers to search queries through the output of a singular, authoritative, and plausible text paragraph. I argue that the integration of language models for the provision of direct answers into search engines is based on a de-situated and disembodied understanding of knowledge and affects the subjectivities of its users. At the same time, the sealing of knowledges can lead to an increasing spread of misinformation and may make marginalized knowledge increasingly difficult to find. The paper concludes with an outlook on how to resist the increasing sealing of knowledges in online search.
Effectiveness of neurodynamic treatment in managing lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto , Platano Daniela , Melotto Gianluca , Danilo Donati 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as “tennis elbow,” is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition affecting up to 3% of the population, primarily in individuals over 40 years old. It leads to pain and dysfunction at the lateral epicondyle, primarily involving the tendons of forearm extensor muscles, innervated by the radial nerve. Recent insights suggest a multifactorial etiology, questioning the traditional tendinopathy model. Neurodynamics, exploring nerve mechanics, emerges as a potential treatment approach.

Methods
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines searched multiple databases for clinical trials investigating neurodynamic interventions for lateral epicondylitis. Inclusion criteria involved lateral epicondylitis patients receiving neurodynamic treatment, with pain, disability, and functional improvement as primary outcomes.

Results
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Neurodynamic techniques, including radial nerve mobilization and home exercises, showed positive outcomes. Significant pain reduction, improved grip strength, and increased ulnar deviation angle were observed in several studies. However, heterogeneity in study design, follow-up durations, and small sample sizes limit conclusive evidence.

Conclusion
Neurodynamic treatment, particularly radial nerve mobilization, appears promising in alleviating pain and improving nerve mechanosensitivity in lateral epicondylitis. High-quality research is needed to establish its efficacy, considering the limitations in existing studies. A multidisciplinary approach and standardized patient inclusion criteria should be emphasized to advance the management of this condition.
Influence of motivational interviewing on postoperative mobilization in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) pathway in elective colorectal surgery - a randomized patient-blinded pilot study
Authors: Wiesenberger Rico , Müller Julian , Kaufmann Mario , Weiß Christel , Ghezel-Ahmadi David , Hardt Julia , Reissfelder Christoph , Herrle Florian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Early mobilization is an essential component of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®)-pathway. However, a large percentage of patients fail to achieve the ERAS® recommended goal (360 min out of bed from post-operative day 1/POD1). Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based type of patient-centered consultation to promote intrinsic motivation. This study aims to evaluate if MI can improve postoperative mobilization.

Methods
This two-arm, patient-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial included ERAS®-patients undergoing elective bowel resections. Conversations were validated by MI Treatment Integrity. Two validated motion sensors (movisens) and self-assessments were used to measure mobilization (POD1–POD3: Time out of bed, time on feet and step count).

Results
97 patients were screened, 60 finally included and randomized. Cumulatively across POD1–3, the intervention group (IG) was longer out of bed than the control group (CG) (median: 685 vs. 420 min; p=0.022). The IG achieved the ERAS®-goal of 360 min/day more frequently across POD1–3 (27.4% vs. 10.61%; p=0.013). Time on feet was 131.5 min/day (median per POD) in IG vs. 95.8 min/day in the CG (p=0.212), step count was 1347 in IG vs. 754 steps/day in CG (p=0.298).

Conclusion
MI could be conducted low threshold and was well accepted by patients. MI can improve mobilization in the context of ERAS®. Despite better performance, it should be noted that only 27.4% of the IG reached the ERAS®-compliance goal of 360 min/day. The findings of this pilot study stipulate to further test the promising perioperative effects of MI within a multicenter superiority trial.

Registration
This study was registered prospectively in the German Clinical Trials Register on 25.02.2022. Trial registration number is “DRKS00027863”.
A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk
Authors: Czyżewska Katarzyna , Trusek Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe growing need in the current market for innovative solutions to obtain lactose-free (L-F) milk is caused by the annual increase in the prevalence of lactose intolerance inside as well as the newborn, children, and adults. Various configurations of enzymes can yield two distinct L-F products: sweet (β-galactosidase) and unsweet (β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase) L-F milk. In addition, the reduction of sweetness through glucose decomposition should be performed in a one-pot mode with catalase to eliminate product inhibition caused by H2O2. Both L-F products enjoy popularity among a rapidly expanding group of consumers. Although enzyme immobilization techniques are well known in industrial processes, new carriers and economic strategies are still being searched. Polymeric carriers, due to the variety of functional groups and non-toxicity, are attractive propositions for individual and co-immobilization of food enzymes. In the presented work, two strategies (with free and immobilized enzymes; β-galactosidase NOLA, glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, and catalase from Serratia sp.) for obtaining sweet and unsweet L-F milk under low-temperature conditions were proposed. For free enzymes, achieving the critical assumption, lactose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition occurred after 1 and 4.3 h, respectively. The tested catalytic membranes were created on regenerated cellulose and polyamide. In both cases, the time required for lactose and glucose bioconversion was extended compared to free enzymes. However, these preparations could be reused for up to five (β-galactosidase) and ten cycles (glucose oxidase with catalase).
Graphical abstract
Typische Gesundheitsüberzeugungen, Copingstrategien und Gesundheitskompetenz in hochgesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Weiler-Wichtl Liesa J. , Kollmann Alina , Fohn-Erhold Verena , Schwarzinger Agathe , Pletschko Thomas , Hansl Rita , Herzog Kristina , Leiss Ulrike , Schneider Carina 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungGesundheitskompetenz spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für pädiatrische Patient:innen und bedeutet, Gesundheit bzw. Krankheit zu verstehen, zu erhalten und zu verbessern. Sie ist assoziiert mit effektivem Coping und Lebensqualität. Eine adaptierte Version der Gesundheitskompetenzskala wurde genutzt, um Gesundheitsüberzeugungen und Copingstrategien von 197 hochgesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen und deren Eltern zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen hohe Einschätzungen seitens der Eltern und soziale Einschränkungen (90,1 %) im Fall einer eigenen Krankheit bei den meisten Kindern. Anhand des biopsychosozialen Modells wurden verschiedene Dimensionen (aus 283 genannten Assoziationen wurden 61,5 % der biologischen, 16,6 % der psychologischen und 21,9 % der sozialen Dimension zugeordnet) der Gesundheitskompetenz identifiziert, was wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung gezielter psychosozialer Interventionen liefert.