bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone density and risk of osteoporosis in Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Ferlin A , Schipilliti M , Foresta C 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDifferent mechanisms in Klinefelter syndrome contribute to reduced bone mass and osteoporosis, which have a precocious onset and are detected in up to 40% of patients, irrespectively of testosterone levels. Androgen receptor, X chromosome inactivation and INSL3 levels are hypothesized to cooperate with and modulate the effect of testosterone on the bone.Conclusion: New perspectives on genetic topics are opening exciting areas of research on the pathophysiology of reduced bone mass in Klinefelter patients.
Discovery of a broad OVIII Lyα line in the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 1543.624
Authors: Madej O. K. , Jonker P. G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We report the discovery of a broad emission feature at ∼0.7 keV in the spectra of the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 1543−624, obtained with the high-resolution spectrographs of the XMM–Newton and Chandra satellites. We confirm the presence of the feature in the broad-band MOS2 spectrum of the source. As suggested before in the literature, the donor star in this source is a CO or ONe white dwarf, which transfers oxygen-rich material to the accretor, conceivably a neutron star. The X-rays reprocessed in this oxygen-rich accretion disc could give a reflection spectrum with O viii Lyα as the most prominent emission line. Apart from the feature at ∼0.7 keV, we confirm the possible presence of a weak emission feature at ∼6.6 keV, which was reported in the literature for this data set. We interpret the feature at ∼0.7 and ∼6.6 keV as O viii Lyα and Fe Kα emission, respectively, caused by X-rays reflected off the accretion disc in the strong gravitational field close to the accretor.
Transgenic Expression of Viral Capsid Proteins Predisposes to Axonal Injury in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Denic Aleksandar , Zoecklein Laurie , Kerkvliet Jason , Papke Louisa , Edukulla Ramakrishna , Warrington Arthur , Bieber Allan , Pease Larry R. , David Chella S. , Rodriguez Moses 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe used transgenic expression of capsid antigens to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) to study the influence of VP1, VP2 or VP2121–130 to either protection or pathogenesis to chronic spinal cord demyelination, axonal loss and functional deficits during the acute and chronic phases of infection. We used both mice that are normally susceptible (FVB) and mice normally resistant (FVB.Db) to demyelination. Transgenic expression of VP2121–130 epitope in resistant FVB.Db mice caused spinal cord pathology and virus persistence because the VP2121–130 epitope is the dominant peptide recognized by Db, which is critical for virus clearance. In contrast, all three FVB TMEV transgenic mice showed more demyelination, inflammation and axonal loss as compared with wild‐type FVB mice, even though virus load was not increased. Motor function measured by rotarod showed weak correlation with total number of midthoracic axons, but a strong correlation with large‐caliber axons (>10 µm2). This study supports the hypothesis that expression of viral capsid proteins as self influences the extent of axonal pathology following Theiler's virus–induced demyelination. The findings provide insight into the role of axonal injury in the development of functional deficits that may have relevance to human demyelinating disease.
CIP2A is over‐expressed in acute myeloid leukaemia and associated with HL60 cells proliferation and differentiation
Authors: WANG J. , LI W. , LI L. , YU X. , JIA J. , CHEN C. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  CIP2A is a newly identified inhibitor of PP2A. It can stabilize c‐Myc and promote anchorage‐independent cell growth and tumour formation. CIP2A is over‐expressed in some solid tumours although its expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is still unknown.Methods:  CIP2A mRNA and protein expressions were determined in bone marrow mononuclear cells of both patients with AML and healthy controls using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. We used siRNA to knock‐down CIP2A expression in HL60 cells and then examined its potential roles during the pathological progression of AML.Results:  CIP2A mRNA was present in 54 of 70 (77.14%) patients with newly diagnosed AML and in 11 of 14 (70.86%) patients with relapsed AML, which was significantly higher than complete remission specimens and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Knock‐down of CIP2A in HL60 cells slowed down cell proliferation, decreased clonogenic activity and promoted cell differentiation.Conclusion:  These results suggest that CIP2A is over‐expressed in patients with newly diagnosed/relapsed AML and the expression of CIP2A could have potential use as a clinical marker for AML relapse after treatment. The high expression of CIP2A in HL60 cells may be related to active cell proliferation and arrest of cell differentiation. This study may shed light on the molecular function of CIP2A in myeloid leukemogenesis.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for growth and reproduction in a nonmodel organism; the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua
Authors: HEMMER‐HANSEN JAKOB , NIELSEN EINAR EG , MELDRUP DORTE , MITTELHOLZER CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRecent technological developments have facilitated intensified searches for genetic markers under selection in nonmodel species. Here, we present an approach for the identification of candidate gene variation in nonmodel organisms. We report on the characterization of 82 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and on the development of a specific genotyping assay for 30 SNPs in 18 candidate genes for growth and reproduction in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). These markers can be used for scanning natural populations for signatures of selection in both contemporary and archived historical samples, for example in retrospective studies assessing the effects of environmental changes, such as increasing temperatures, and selection imposed by high fishing pressure. Furthermore, these gene markers may be of interest to aquaculture, serving as a starting point for linking phenotypic traits important for productivity with genotypes and potentially be of use for marker‐assisted selection in the future. This study demonstrates that the candidate gene approach is a valuable and targeted complement to the more random approach for discovering genetic variation in the genome and transcriptome applied through high throughput methods in nonmodel species.
Towards Competitive Instead of Biased Testing of Heuristics: A Reply to Hilbig and Richter (2011)
Authors: Brighton Henry , Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOur programmatic article on Homo heuristicus (Gigerenzer & Brighton, 2009) included a methodological section specifying three minimum criteria for testing heuristics: competitive tests, individual‐level tests, and tests of adaptive selection of heuristics. Using Richter and Späth’s (2006) study on the recognition heuristic, we illustrated how violations of these criteria can lead to unsupported conclusions. In their comment, Hilbig and Richter conduct a reanalysis, but again without competitive testing. They neither test nor specify the compensatory model of inference they argue for. Instead, they test whether participants use the recognition heuristic in an unrealistic 100% (or 96%) of cases, report that only some people exhibit this level of consistency, and conclude that most people would follow a compensatory strategy. We know of no model of judgment that predicts 96% correctly. The curious methodological practice of adopting an unrealistic measure of success to argue against a competing model, and to interpret such a finding as a triumph for a preferred but unspecified model, can only hinder progress. Marewski, Gaissmaier, Schooler, Goldstein, and Gigerenzer (2010), in contrast, specified five compensatory models, compared them with the recognition heuristic, and found that the recognition heuristic predicted inferences most accurately.
In‐vivo‐induced antigenic determinants of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum
Authors: Lee H.‐R. , Rhyu I.‐C. , Kim H.‐D. , Jun H.‐K. , Min B.‐M. , Lee S.‐H. , Choi B.‐K. 
Published: January 2011

Summary Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a pivotal role in dental plaque biofilm formation and is known to be involved in chronic inflammatory systemic disease. However, limited knowledge of F. nucleatum genes expressed in vivo interferes with our understanding of pathogenesis. In this study, we identified F. nucleatum genes induced in vivo using in‐vivo‐induced antigen technology (IVIAT). Among 30,000 recombinant clones screened, 87 reacted reproducibly with pooled sera from 10 patients with periodontitis. The clones encoded for 32 different proteins, of which 28 could be assigned to their functions, which were categorized in translation, transcription, transport, energy metabolism, cell envelope, cellular process, fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, transposition, cofactor biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and DNA replication. Putative virulence factors detected were ABC transporter, butyrate‐acetoacetate CoA‐transferase, hemin receptor, hemolysin, hemolysin‐related protein, LysR family transcriptional regulator, serine protease, and transposase. Analysis of immune responses to the in‐vivo‐induced (ivi) antigens in five patients demonstrated that most were reactive to these proteins, confirming results with pooled sera. IVIAT‐identified F. nucleatum genes in this study may accelerate the elucidation of F. nucleatum‐mediated molecular pathogenesis.
Characterization of competence and biofilm development of a Streptococcus sanguinis endocarditis isolate
Authors: Zhu L. , Zhang Y. , Fan J. , Herzberg M.C. , Kreth J. 
Published: January 2011

Summary Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium and endogenous pathogen in the blood, which is generally naturally competent to take up extracellular DNA. Regarded as a stress response, competence development enables S. sanguinis to acquire new genetic material. The sequenced reference strain SK36 encodes and expresses the genes required for competence (com) and uptake of DNA. Isolated from blood cultures of a confirmed case of infective endocarditis, strain 133‐79 encodes all necessary com genes but is not transformable under conditions permissive for competence development in SK36. Using synthetic competence‐stimulating peptides (sCSP) based on sequences of SK36 and 133‐79 comC, both strains developed competence at similar frequencies in cross‐transformation experiments. Furthermore, downstream response pathways are similar in strains SK36 and 133‐79 because platelet aggregation and biofilm formation appeared unaffected by CSP. Collectively, the data indicate that strains SK36 and 133‐79 respond to CSP similarly, strongly suggesting that endogenous production or release of CSP from 133‐79 is impaired.
In Vitro
Intracellular Activity and
In Vivo
Efficacy of Modithromycin, a Novel Bicyclolide, against
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Sato Takafumi , Tateda Kazuhiro , Kimura Soichiro , Ishii Yoshikazu , Yamaguchi Keizo 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
and
in vivo
activities of modithromycin, a novel bicyclolide, against
Legionella pneumophila
were compared with those of telithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and levofloxacin. All the test agents decreased the intracellular growth of viable
L. pneumophila
bacteria over 96 h of incubation in both types of cells used, A/J mouse-derived macrophages and A549 human alveolar epithelial cells, at extracellular concentrations of 4× and 16× MIC, respectively. However, when the agents were removed from the medium after exposure for 2 h, regrowth of intracellular bacteria occurred in both cell systems when they were exposed to telithromycin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin but not when they were exposed to modithromycin and azithromycin. Once-daily administration of modithromycin at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days led to a significant decrease of intrapulmonary viable
L. pneumophila
bacteria in immunosuppressed A/J mice. The efficacy of modithromycin was superior to the efficacies of telithromycin and clarithromycin and comparable to the efficacies of azithromycin and levofloxacin. In addition, modithromycin and azithromycin inhibited the intrapulmonary regrowth of bacteria even at 72 h after the last treatment, but telithromycin and levofloxacin did not. These results suggested that modithromycin has longer-lasting cellular pharmacokinetic features like azithromycin. In conclusion, modithromycin, as well as azithromycin, has excellent
in vitro
and
in vivo
bactericidal activities and persistent efficacy against intracellular
L. pneumophila
. Modithromycin should be a useful agent for treatment of pulmonary infections caused by this pathogen.
Do nuisance alarms decrease functionality of smoke alarms near the kitchen? Findings from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Jones Michael P , Cheng Gang , Ramirez Marizen , Taylor Craig , Peek-Asa Corinne 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundMany home fires begin in the kitchen. Kitchen smoke alarms are more likely to produce nuisance alarms, but few previous studies have examined the role of alarm sensor and battery types on the functionality of smoke alarms located nearest to the kitchen.MethodsData were analysed from a 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Iowa homes (n=628). Enrolled households were randomly assigned into one of four smoke alarm/battery combinations: ionisation/zinc, ionisation/lithium, photoelectric/zinc and photoelectric/lithium. Alarm functionality was determined using a smoke test. Alarm type and battery type were compared using an intent-to-treat analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that might impact the functionality of smoke alarms located nearest to the kitchen 42 months after installation.ResultsPhotoelectric alarms with lithium batteries had the highest rate of functionality (90.2%), whereas ionisation alarms with carbon/zinc batteries had the lowest (76.5%). Forty-two months following installation, 6.4% more of photoelectric alarms were functional than ionisation alarms, and 7.9% more of alarms with lithium batteries were functional than those with carbon/zinc batteries. Logistic regression revealed that when the indicator of nuisance alarms was included, the effect of alarm type became statistically insignificant and ionisation alarms were less likely to be functional at 42 months, partly due to increased nuisance alarms.ConclusionsAlarm type is an important consideration for certain locations. Photoelectric alarms may be more appropriate for installation nearest to the kitchen despite their increased cost. These findings can help guide consumer choices to increase protection against home fire-related injuries and deaths.
Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 correlates with VEGF and microvessel density in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Boiocchi Leonardo , Vener Claudia , Savi Federica , Bonoldi Emanuela , Moro Alessia , Fracchiolla Nicola Stefano , Iurlo Alessandra , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Coggi Guido , Bosari Silvano , Gianelli Umberto 
Published: January 2011

AimsThe authors investigated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) protein expression in a series of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPNs) and its correlations with microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods83 bone marrow biopsies of Ph- MPNs patients, including 27 essential thrombocythaemia (ET), 21 polycythaemia vera (PV) and 35 primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and 10 normal controls (NCs) were investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPatients with PV and PMF showed an increased MVD (PV: 20.1±10.6; PMF: 25.8±6.5) compared with those with ET or NCs (ET: 10.4±4.6; NCs: 7±3.4). VEGFR-1 expression was increased in Ph- MPNs, particularly in PV and PMF (NCs: 0.07±0.03; ET: 0.15±0.09; PV: 0.31±0.2; PMF: 0.31±0.04). VEGF expression parallelled VEGFR-1 and resulted increased in Ph- MPNs (NCs: 0.08±0.04; ET: 0.13±0.06; PV: 0.29±0.2; PMF: 0.31±0.15) and higher in post-polycythaemic myelofibrosis and in the fibrotic stage of PMF than in the non-fibrotic phases of both diseases. VEGFR-1 protein expression correlated with MVD and VEGF expression in Ph- MPNs. VEGFR-1 and VEGF were expressed by the same bone marrow populations: megakaryocytes, macrophages and immature myeloid precursors showed a moderate to strong immunostaining intensity in both Ph- MPNs and NCs. The erythroid precursors were not immunoreactive.ConclusionsVEGFR-1 and VEGF were increased and co-localised in megakaryocytes, macrophages and myeloid precursors of Ph- MPNs. This finding supports the hypothesis of a VEGF/VEGFR-1 autocrine loop in the neoplastic cells of Ph- MPNs.
Thromboembolic events associated with endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Altay Tamer , Kang Hee I , Woo Henry H , Masaryk Thomas J , Rasmussen Peter A , Fiorella David J , Moskowitz Shaye I 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of peri-procedural thromboembolic events after the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. The rate of diffusion-positive lesions was assessed in relation to selected procedural and technical factors.Methods184 patients treated with coil embolization (198 total procedures) between July 2004 and February 2007 were included. In 65, the procedure was coiling alone; in 55, coiling with balloon remodeling; in 48, coiling with Neuroform stenting; and in 30, coiling, Neuroform stenting and balloon remodeling. All patients underwent a routine diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) within the 72 h after the intervention for the detection of ischemic complications.ResultsRegardless of the technique used, thromboembolic complications were more common (p<0.0001) in patients with ruptured aneurysms (33/65, 51%) than in those with unruptured aneurysms (40/133, 30%). Balloon remodeling tended to be associated with a lower rate of DWI positivity than the other techniques. Younger patients (≤60) with unruptured aneurysms had the lowest rates of DWI lesions regardless of the technique used.ConclusionIn this study, peri-procedural DWI-positive lesions occurred in approximately one-third of all cases. These were threefold more common in the setting of ruptured aneurysms. Adjunctive devices did not increase the rate of ischemic events. On the contrary, there was a trend toward fewer DWI abnormalities in the procedures in which balloon remodeling was employed. This may, in part, be related to the application of the conglomerate coil mass technique of balloon remodeling.
Occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel, and renal cell carcinoma: a case–control study from Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Fontana Luc , Stewart Patricia , Zaridze David , Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonilia , Janout Vladimir , Bencko Vladimir , Foretova Lenka , Jinga Viorel , Matveev Vsevolod , Kollarova Helena , Ferro Gilles , Chow Wong-Ho , Rothman Nathaniel , van Bemmel Dana , Karami Sara , Brennan Paul , Moore Lee E 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo investigate the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Central and Eastern Europe in relation to exposure to known and suspected carcinogenic metals.MethodsDuring 1999–2003, the authors conducted a hospital-based study in Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Russia, including 1097 cases of RCC and 1476 controls. Occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium(III), chromium(VI), lead and nickel was assessed by teams of local industrial hygiene experts, based on detailed occupational questionnaires.ResultsThe ORs for RCC were 1.55 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.21) for exposure to lead and 1.40 (95% CI 0.69 to 2.85) for exposure to cadmium. No clear monotonic exposure–response relation was apparent for either duration of exposure or cumulative exposure to either metal, although the OR for the highest category of cumulative exposure to lead was 2.25 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.19). Exposure to other metals did not entail an increased risk of RCC.ConclusionsFor cadmium, the lack of statistical significance of most results, potential confounding and the absence of clear dose–response relations suggest that an association with RCC is unlikely to be causal. In the case of lead, however, the elevated risk in the category of highest cumulative exposure is noteworthy and justifies further investigation.
Estimates of historical exposures by phase contrast and transmission electron microscopy for pooled exposure–response analyses of North Carolina and South Carolina, USA asbestos textile cohorts
Authors: Dement John M , Loomis Dana , Richardson David , Wolf Susanne H , Kuempel Eileen D 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo develop pooled size-specific asbestos fiber exposure estimates for North Carolina and South Carolina asbestos textile plants.MethodsAirborne sample data and prior exposure estimates by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) for the two cohorts were reviewed and compared. Estimates by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for 160 membrane filter samples from all plant were pooled. Poisson regression models were developed to predict bivariate diameter/length airborne fiber size distributions based on independent categorical variables for fiber diameter, fiber length, plant, and exposure zone. The model predicted bivariate diameter/length distributions were expressed as the proportion of fibers in 28 size-specific cells and these data were used to calculate PCM to TEM adjustment factors in order to estimate fiber size-specific exposures for the pooled cohort.ResultsExposure levels in the North Carolina plants were in excess of 50 f/cc for many operations through about 1955 owing to lack of dust control measures in early years whereas levels in the South Carolina plant were generally less than 10 f/cc by about 1950. The Poisson regression models found covariates for plant department to be a stronger predictor of bivariate size proportions than plant; however, a plant effect was observed. The final Poisson models demonstrated good fit to the observed data.ConclusionsConsistent with early studies, fiber exposures in the North Carolina plants were much higher than in South Carolina plant. Use of the predicted size-specific TEM exposures by plant and department based on the Poisson model predictions should reduce exposure.