bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased oesophageal acid exposure at the beginning of the recumbent period is primarily a recumbent‐awake phenomenon
Authors: Allen L. , Poh C. H. , Gasiorowska A. , Malagon I. , Navarro‐Rodriguez T. , Cui H. , Powers J. , Moty B. , Willis M. R. , Ashpole N. , Quan S. F. , Fass R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  A significant increase in oesophageal acid exposure during early recumbent period has been demonstrated.Aim  To determine if acid reflux during the early recumbent period occurs in the recumbent‐asleep or recumbent‐awake period using a novel integrative actigraphy and pH programme.Method  Thirty‐nine subjects with heartburn at least three times a week were included. Subjects underwent pH testing concomitantly with actigraphy. Simultaneously recorded actigraphy and pH data were incorporated using a novel integrative technique to determine sleep and awake periods. Characteristics of acid reflux were compared between the recumbent‐awake and recumbent‐asleep periods.Results  Seventeen (44.7%) subjects had acid reflux events during recumbent‐awake period as compared to seven (18.4%) in the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (P = 0.046). The mean number of acid reflux events in recumbent‐awake period was significantly higher than in the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (8.1 ± 4.4 vs. 3.2 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). In the recumbent‐awake period, 38.4% of acid reflux events were associated with GERD‐related symptoms as compared with 3.7% of acid reflux events during the corresponding recumbent‐asleep period (P = 0.01).Conclusion  Increased acid reflux in the early recumbent period occurs primarily during the recumbent‐awake and not during the recumbent‐asleep period.
Interleukin‐7 enhances memory CD8+ T‐cell recall responses in health but its activity is impaired in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: O’Connor Alison M. , Crawley Angela M. , Angel Jonathan B. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMemory CD8+ T cells regain function during a recall response, but the requirement of signals in addition to antigen during a secondary immune response is unknown. In this study, the ability of interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) to enhance memory CD8+ CD45RA− CD127+ T‐cell responses in health and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was investigated. CD8+ T‐cell‐depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV− and untreated HIV+ donors were pulsed with a cytomegalovirus/Epstein–Barr virus/influenza (CEF) peptide pool, and co‐cultured with autologous memory CD8+ T cells in the presence of IL‐7. Cell survival and the function of memory CD8+ T‐cell subsets were then evaluated. Memory CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production was enhanced by the presence of antigen, and the addition of IL‐7 further enhanced antigen‐induced proliferation. In HIV+ individuals, the presence of antigen enhanced IFN‐γ production to a small degree but did not enhance proliferation. Lastly, IL‐7 did not enhance antigen‐mediated proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals. IL‐7 therefore appears to have a role in secondary immune responses and its activity is impaired in memory CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals. These results further our understanding of the signals involved in secondary immune responses, and provide new insight into the loss of CD8+ T‐cell function in HIV infection.
How do COPD and healthy‐lung patients tolerate the reduced volume ventilation strategy during OLV ventilation.
Authors: MICHELET P. , BLAYAC D. , VINCENT A. , D'JOURNO X.‐B. , PERRIN G. , BADIER M. , THOMAS P. , BRÉGEON F. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Although a strategy of tidal volume (Vt) reduction during the one‐lung ventilation (OLV) period is advised in thoracic surgery, the influence of the pre‐operative respiratory status on the tolerance of this strategy remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary function between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy‐lung patients during the operative and the post‐operative period.Methods: Forty‐eight patients undergoing a planned lobectomy for cancer and presenting either a healthy lung function (n=24) or a moderate COPD stage (n=24) were ventilated without external positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) and received 9 ml/kg Vt during the two‐lung ventilation (TLV) period, secondary reduced to 6 ml/kg during the OLV period. Lung function was assessed by peroperative gas exchange, venous admixture, respiratory mechanical parameters and post‐operative spirometric measurements.Results: Although the PaO2 was superior in the healthy‐lung group during the TLV, once the OLV was established, no difference was observed between the two groups. Moreover, the PaO2/FiO2 was proportionally more impaired in the healthy‐lung group compared with the COPD group (50 ± 13 vs. 72 ± 19% of the baseline values after exclusion and 32 ± 15 vs. 51 ± 25% after the thoracotomy, P<0.05 for each) as well as the venous admixture. In the post‐operative period, a higher decrease was observed in the healthy‐lung group for the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume.Conclusions: Reducing Vt to 6 ml/kg without the adjunction of external PEEP during OLV is associated with better preservation of lung function in the case of moderate COPD than in the case of healthy‐lung status.
Clinical study on pulmonary diffusion function in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: HUO Yan Miao , HUA Rong , CHEN Wei , SUN Yong Wei 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the influence of chronic liver disease (CLD) on pulmonary diffusion function.METHODS:  Arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function test, contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography and technetium macro‐aggregated albumin scanning were performed in 50 cirrhotic patients who underwent surgery on portal hypertension and liver transplantation. The severity of chronic liver disease (CLD) was evaluated by Child–Pugh–Turcotte (CPT) categorization and model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score from October 2008 to July 2009 in our surgical department and organ transplantation center.RESULTS:  A‐aDO2 was increased with the aggravation of liver dysfunction. The pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) differed significantly among the three groups, which was (90.8 ± 7.3)% in CPT A group, (82.8 ± 10.8)% in CPT B group, and (73.5 ± 8.3)% in CPT C group. A‐aDO2 correlated positively with CPT (r= 0.581, P= 0.000) as well as the MELD score (r= 0.696, P= 0.000), whereas DLCO was negatively correlated with CPT (r=−0.630, P= 0.000) and the MELD score (r=−0.708, P= 0.000).CONCLUSION:  DLCO can be useful in the detection of pulmonary vascular abnormality of CLD. The MELD score may be a better criterion than the CPT score in assessing intrapulmonary vascular damage of CLD patients.
An analysis of the efficacy and safety of a strategy of early precut for biliary access during difficult endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a general hospital
Authors: ANG Tiing Leong , KWEK Andrew Boon Eu , LIM Kieron Boon Leng , TEO Eng Kiong , FOCK Kwong Ming 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  The use of early precut during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is controversial because of its association with a higher risk of complications. This study examined the efficacy and safety of a strategy of early precut for biliary access during difficult ERCP in a general hospital.METHODS:  Data from January 2007 to June 2009 were reviewed. Criteria for performing early precut were: (i) inadvertent guidewire cannulation of pancreatic duct on three occasions; (ii) biliary stone impacted at papilla; (iii) inability to achieve deep cannulation within 10 min. Study exclusion criteria were: (i) the inability to visualize the papilla because of anatomical distortions; (ii) complete tumour occlusion of distal bile duct; (iii) failure to adhere to inclusion criteria. The efficacy and safety of this strategy of early precut for biliary access was analyzed.RESULTS:  A total of 765 ERCP cases were analyzed. A precut was performed in 55 out of 765 cases (7.2%). There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender and diagnoses between the precut and no precut groups. After precut immediate biliary cannulation was achieved in 89% of patients and this increased to 98.2% with a repeat ERCP. The overall complication rate after ERCP was 2.1% (bleeding: 0.7%; pancreatitis: 1.3%; perforation: 0.3%). The only complication after the precut was pancreatitis, and this was not significantly different from the group without a precut (1.8 vs 1.3%).CONCLUSION:  The strategy of early precut for biliary access was safe and effective.
Comparative Effectiveness of ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Regionalization Strategies
Authors: Concannon Thomas W. , Kent David M. , Normand Sharon-Lise , Newhouse Joseph P. , Griffith John L. , Cohen Joshua , Beshansky Joni R. , Wong John B. , Aversano Thomas , Selker Harry P. 
Published: July 2010

Background—
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective on average than fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Yet, most US hospitals are not equipped for PCI, and fibrinolytic therapy is still widely used. This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction regionalization strategies to increase the use of PCI against standard emergency transport and care.

Methods and Results—
We estimated incremental treatment costs and quality-adjusted life expectancies of 2000 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who received PCI or fibrinolytic therapy in simulations of emergency care in a regional hospital system. To increase access to PCI across the system, we compared a base case strategy with 12 hospital-based strategies of building new PCI laboratories or extending the hours of existing laboratories and 1 emergency medical services–based strategy of transporting all patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction to existing PCI-capable hospitals. The base case resulted in 609 (95% CI, 569–647) patients getting PCI. Hospital-based strategies increased the number of patients receiving PCI, the costs of care, and quality-adjusted life years saved and were cost-effective under a variety of conditions. An emergency medical services–based strategy of transporting every patient to an existing PCI facility was less costly and more effective than all hospital expansion options.

Conclusion—
Our results suggest that new construction and staffing of PCI laboratories may not be warranted if an emergency medical services strategy is both available and feasible.
Availability of Phosphate Carriers to Small Grains and Subsequent Clover in Relation To: II. Concurrent Soil Amendments1
Authors: Olson R. A. , Dreier A. F. , Lowrey G. W. , Flowerday A. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAmmonium‐N in contact with fertilizer P increased P uptake by wheat and oats with super‐ and metaphosphates. Potassium had no appreciable influence on P uptake. Liming acid soils reduced the effectiveness of most phosphate carriers to oats, but increased slightly their residual value for sweetclover. Sulfur addition to calcareous soils had little influence on carrier utilization by oats but caused somewhat greater uptake of all carriers by subsequent clover
Border Effects in Cotton Variety Tests1
Authors: Green John M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn 3‐year dry land tests at 3 locations in Oklahoma, significant or highly significant differences in yield of 2 test varieties resulted from border effects in 4 of the 9 tests. Differences in yield of the 2 varieties averaged over all borders were highly significant in 5 of the 9 tests. No significant border ✕ variety interaction indicated similar reaction of test varieties to borders. On the basis of these results, Oklahoma variety tests are planted with 4‐row plots, the center 2 harvested for yield.
Legume Top and Root Yields in the Year of Seeding and Subsequent Barley Yield1
Authors: Kroontje W. , Kehr W. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVarious management practices were found to have the following effects: no significant difference in forage and root yields among 6 alfalfa varieties and between hardy and non‐hardy varieties; forage production of Hubam and Madrid sweetclovers were equal; and Madison and Hairy vetch similar in forage, root, and total N production. Barley yields following alfalfas and Hubam sweetclover were similar; Madrid depressed barley yields; and the vetches were superior to all legumes in effect on barley yield.
Effect of Plant Population and Rates of Fertilizer Nitrogen on Average Weight of Ears and Yield of Corn in the South1
Authors: Thomas Winfred 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOn Dewey silt loam (pH 6.8, high in available P and exchangeable K) average ear weight of corn decreased from 7.6 ounces at plant population of 6,000 to 6.4 and 4.8 for populations of 12,000 and 18,000 respectively. N fertilizer significantly increased corn yield, but with little or no increase above 40 pounds per acre with any plant population. The 12,000‐populations showed overall increases, including no nitrogen treatment, of 10.3 and 13.8 bushels per acre over the 18,000 and 6,000 plant populations.
Exotic Sources of Known Types of Smut Resistance in Wheat Varieties1
Authors: Holton C. S. , Kendrick E. L. , Elliott F. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNew sources of smut resistance are reported as follows: Ridit type—in a durum wheat from Tunis; M2— in 3 spring wheat introductions from Australia, and 1 from Argentina; Martin type—in 3 hybrid selections. Four additional, and possibly new, reaction types are listed.
Tar Spot of Korean Lespedeza Caused by Phyllachora Sp.: Losses in Yield and Differential Susceptibility of Strains1
Authors: Hanson C. H. , Cope W. A. , Allison J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAttention is called to the occurrence of tar spot on Korean lespedeza and to the need for its consideration in breeding programs. The 34 F5 selections studied differed widely in reaction. The 6 lines in the most susceptible class suffered severe defoliation and premature ripening, and yielded only 30% as much seed as the 4 lines in the most resistant class. In this test the disease did not occur sufficiently early to greatly affect hay yield.
A Cytogenetical Analysis of Reactions to Wheat Streak‐mosaic Virus in Certain Agrotricum Hybrids1
Authors: Swarup Vishnu , McCracken Elizabeth U. , Sill Webster H. , Schmidt John W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe local lesion type of resistance to wheat streak‐mosaic virus exhibited by an intermediate type Agrotricum (2 n = 56) is conditioned by factors located on one or more chromosomes non‐homologous to common wheat (2n = 42), chromosomes. Therefore, the transfer of this type of resistance from the Agrotricum hybrid to common wheat would appear to be most difficult at least with the particular Agrotricum strain used.
The Relationship of Stand to Panicles Per Plant and Per Unit Area in Oats1
Authors: Grafius J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe relationship between stand and panicles per plant and per unit area is explored. Two theorems are developed and proved, and used as a basis for calculating the theoretical effect of variations in stand on numbers of panicles per unit area. As would be expected, some of the 40 varieties of oats tested compensate better than others for variations in density in stand.
Seed Yields of Birdsfoot Trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus L.) as Affected by Pre‐Harvest Clipping and by Growing in Association With Three Adapted Grasses1
Authors: Anderson S. R. , Metcalfe D. S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSpring and early summer clipping of birdsfoot trefoil reduced seed yields in comparison to unclipped stands. The association of Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass or timothy reduced lodging and increased seed yields of birdsfoot trefoil. Kentucky bluegrass was superior to the other grasses. Two years after seeding, birdsfoot trefoil stands were thicker when grown with a grass than when grown alone. Tall‐growing orchardgrass and timothy tended to delay maturity of the birdsfoot trefoil. After the first harvest year, forage yields were slightly higher when the birdsfoot trefoil was grown with a grass.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Seed Swelling and Germination of Legume Seeds1
Authors: Fayemi Adeboyejo A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTemperature and moisture are two of the important factors in germination and seed swelling. The rate of seed swelling of legume seeds was greatly influenced by temperature. The time from exposure to the initial absorption of water by the seeds became shorter as the temperature increased. Crimson clover was an exception.
A Rapid Method for Determining Winterhardiness in Alfalfa1
Authors: Rodger J. B. A. , Williams G. G. , Davis R. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA laboratory technique is described for evaluating the winter‐hardiness of alfalfa. Seeds were germinated in solutions of sodium chloride and sucrose having known osmotic pressures. As osmotic pressures were increased the rapidity and amount of germination decreased, however, the decrease was more marked in the seed of hardy varieties.
Hood and Awn Development in Barley Determined by Two Gene Pairs1
Authors: Woodward R. W. , Rasmussen Donald C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCrosses were made with short awned varieties ✕ hooded strains resulting in a 2‐factor segregation for hoods, short and long awns, in a 9:4:3 ratio.Double recessive short awned segregates (kk lklk) must be used in crosses to hooded rather than KK lklk genotypes if a 2‐factor segregation is desired.Crosses were then made using long and short awned barley varieties in which occasionally a ratio of 9: hooded: 3 long awned: 4 short awned plants were obtained in the F2 generation.
The Effect of Differential Cutting on the Yield, Persistence, Protein and Mineral Content of Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: Duell R. W. , Gausman H. W. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisHighest yields of birdsfoot trefoil were obtained when harvested at 1/10 bloom. Yields were lower when cut at 3 inches height as compared with 1 inch. Cutting at 1 inch height and 20 day intervals for 2 seasons reduced plant population.The percent of protein and minerals declined with maturity but maintained relatively high levels at maturity. Notable exceptions occurred in the decline of P, K, and Ca with maturity.
Comparison of Surface and Subsurface Placement of Superphosphate on Growth and Uptake of Phosphorus by Sodded Grasses1
Authors: Neller J. R. , Hutton C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPlant uptake of phosphorus applied on the surface of sodded pasture grasses was greater than when placed 3 to 6 inches below the soil surface. The experiments were conducted for three years on soils of high fixing capacity for phosphorus using fescue, Coastal Bermuda and Pensacola Bahia grasses. Neither chiseling nor the placement of the superphosphate had any significant effect on growth of grasses.
Crossing of Smooth Bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss, in the Greenhouse1
Authors: MacKay K. H. , Dunn G. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSingle‐crosses in smooth bromegrass can be obtained in the greenhouse by combining hot‐water emasculation with open pollination. All clones in a group are emasculated except the pollen parent. Groups can be isolated by placing each on long‐days at intervals of about 2 weeks. Immersing slightly immature panicles in water at 46° C. for 5 minutes provided effective emasculation. Maximum panicle production was obtained after 3 months of short‐days in a cool greenhouse. Cross‐fertility in the greenhouse was positively correlated with self‐fertility in the field. Yields of single‐cross seed were increased by spraying the seed‐parents with a fine mist at flowering.
Decreases in Exchangeable Magnesium in an Irrigated Soil During 28 Years of Differential Fertilization1
Authors: Pratt P. F. , Harding R. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDecreases in exchangeable Mg in the soil of a longterm fertility trial with oranges during 28 years of irrigation and fertilization were calculated by subtracting the values found for samples taken in 1955 from those for samples taken in 1927. These decreases were smallest where manure was used as a source of nitrogen, and largest where NaNO3, and gypsum were added throughout the experiment. Decreases in exchangeable Mg were highly correlated with the amounts of salts added as fertilizers or soil amendments. Sodium nitrate and Ca(NO3)2 were equally effective in decreasing exchangeable Mg, and about doubly as effective as urea.
Interactions of Cytoplasm and Genes in a Group of Male Sterile Corn Types1
Authors: Briggle L. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe “U.S.D.A.”, Brazilian, Vg, and Reid male steriles were not greatly different in cytoplasmic‐genotypic interactions involved in expression of male sterility. The Texas type differed from the others studied. Modifier genes in an inbred line background appeared to influence expression of male sterility more in the “U.S.D.A.” type than in the Texas type. A degree of selective fertilization occurred in plants bearing either the Vg or Reid cytoplasmic factor and heterozygous for the fertility restoring gene(s) from inbred line Ky 21.
Effect of Clover, Row Spacing, and Rate of Planting on Spring Oat Yields1
Authors: Pendleton J. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA red clover interseeding reduced spring oat yields but increased the test weight. Reductions in oat yields due to the presence of clover increased as oat row width increased. Grain yields and test weights were reduced as the row width of oats increased and seeding rate decreased. The importance of cultural practices in increasing a small amount of seed of a new oat variety is discussed.
Effect of Foliage Insecticides on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Soybeans1
Authors: Probst A. H. , Everly Ray T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA number of the newer organic insecticides were used satisfactorily on soybeans. Care should be exercised to apply these insecticides at the recommended dosages as higher rates of application may cause foliage injury to the extent of decreasing yield. Populations of injurious insects were at sub‐economic levels in each year of this study and were not an important factor in affecting growth or yield. Seed size, protein and oil content, and iodine number of the oil were affected very little or none by the various insecticides.
A Statistical Study of Several Methods Used in Determining the Botanical Composition of a Sward: II. A Study of Several Forage Mixtures1
Authors: VanKeuren R. W. , Ahlgren H. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCorrection factors developed for use with the inclined point quadrat method were tested. The correction factor based on yield per hit gave more satisfactory results than did the factor based on the regression coefficients. The use of the regression equations to provide estimates of yield of forage by the inclined point quadrat method did not give satisfactory results for all species.
Varietal Reaction Correlation Studies in the Septoria Disease of Oats1
Authors: Hooker A. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeptoria avenae infects the leaves, stems, glumes, and kernels of the oat plant. Oat varieties or selections vary in their reaction to all 4 phases of the Septoria disease. Correlation studies have shown a positive association in varietal reaction between all phases of the disease, a positive association in varietal reaction at different locations and in different years, and a negative association between heading date and disease reaction.