bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from tertiary hospitals in Southern Ghana
Authors: Mills Richael O , Dadzie Isaac , Le-Viet Thanh , Baker David J , Addy Humphrey P K , Akwetey Samuel A , Donkoh Irene E , Quansah Elvis , Semanshia Prince S , Morgan Jennifer , Mensah Abraham , Adade Nana E , Ampah Emmanuel O , Owusu Emmanuel , Mwintige Philimon , Amoako Eric O , Spadar Anton , Holt Kathryn E , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Comprehensive data on the genomic epidemiology of hospital-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ghana are scarce. This study investigated the genomic diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and clonal relationships of 103 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates from five tertiary hospitals in Southern Ghana—predominantly from paediatric patients aged under 5 years (67/103; 65%), with the majority collected from urine (32/103; 31%) and blood (25/103; 24%) cultures.

Methods
We generated hybrid Nanopore–Illumina assemblies and employed Pathogenwatch for genotyping via Kaptive [capsular (K) locus and lipopolysaccharide (O) antigens] and Kleborate (antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence) and determined clonal relationships using core-genome MLST (cgMLST).

Results
Of 44 distinct STs detected, ST133 was the most common, comprising 23% of isolates (n = 23/103). KL116 (28/103; 27%) and O1 (66/103; 64%) were the most prevalent K-locus and O-antigen types. Single-linkage clustering highlighted the global spread of MDR clones such as ST15, ST307, ST17, ST11, ST101 and ST48, with minimal allele differences (1–5) from publicly available genomes worldwide. Conversely, 17 isolates constituted novel clonal groups and lacked close relatives among publicly available genomes, displaying unique genetic diversity within our study population. A significant proportion of isolates (88/103; 85%) carried resistance genes for ≥3 antibiotic classes, with the blaCTX-M-15 gene present in 78% (n = 80/103). Carbapenem resistance, predominantly due to blaOXA-181 and blaNDM-1 genes, was found in 10% (n = 10/103) of the isolates.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal a complex genomic landscape of K. pneumoniae in Southern Ghana, underscoring the critical need for ongoing genomic surveillance to manage the substantial burden of antimicrobial resistance.
Retrospective Data Analysis Reveals Unusual Metabolism Pattern of Ethanol in Pediatrics as Compared to Adult and Geriatric Populations
Authors: Baryeh Kwaku , Zhou Roy , Brown Erin , McMillin Gwendolyn A , Krasowski Matthew D , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
About 95% of consumed ethanol is metabolized by oxidative pathways. Less than 1% is metabolized via nonoxidative pathways: glucuronidation, sulfation, and the formation of fatty acid esters of ethanol. In neonates, the glucuronidation pathway has been reported to be underdeveloped but matures with age. This work compared the test results of patients’ random urine samples submitted to our facility for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) measurements across pediatric and adult populations.

Methods
Test results (n = 63 498) from urine samples tested for EtG and EtS by quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at our facility were utilized for this study. EtG and EtS concentrations were compared across the age partitions 0 to 17 years (pediatric), 18 to 80 years (adult), and 81 to 100 years (geriatric). Eight pediatric patients from a tertiary academic hospital contributed clinical context via abstracted clinical information.

Results
Across the individual age partitions, 60% to 65% of patients had both EtG and EtS present in urine. Approximately 5% to 10% of patients had only EtG, and 25% to 35% had neither metabolite present. The lowest percentages (&lt;1.5%) had EtS present in the absence of EtG. Markedly, no pediatric patients had only EtS present; compared to the adult population, this was statistically significant (Fisher exact test, P = 0.025).

Conclusions
From the data presented in this work, EtG is more prevalent relative to EtS in urine samples of patients assessed for ethanol exposure.
How Do Physical Disability Cues Influence Assumptions about Consumer Tastes? Unpacking the Disability Preference Stereotype
Authors: van der Sluis Helen , Samper Adriana , Kristofferson Kirk , Hlava Terri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Across 10 experimental studies, this research identifies and provides evidence of a disability preference stereotype whereby observers infer that disabled consumers prefer utilitarian products more than nondisabled consumers and prefer hedonic products less than nondisabled consumers. We show that this stereotype occurs because of societal associations between physical disability and pity. Pity elicits a multidimensional response such that considering the interests of a disabled person increases feelings of personal discomfort, driving both an inclination to help (help-giving orientation) and a tendency to assess the perceived misfortune (misfortune appraisal) in parallel. Thus, when considering the preferences of disabled individuals, the help-giving orientation increases focus on functional (utilitarian) goods, while the misfortune appraisal decreases focus on pleasurable (hedonic) goods. Importantly, this stereotype can be mitigated through increased disability representation. Representation of empowered disabled individuals in media can dampen the help-giving orientation, reducing inferred utilitarian preferences, while representation of disabled people partaking in daily pleasures through increased accessibility can reduce misfortune perceptions, increasing inferred hedonic preferences. This work addresses the paucity of disability-related consumer research, identifies how aspects unique to consumption can limit consumers with disabilities, and highlights opportunities to minimize ableist stereotypes by expanding representation and increasing marketplace inclusion.
Potential use of pinenes to improve localized insecticide injections targeting the western drywood termite (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Poulos Nicholas A , Lee Chow-Yang , Rust Michael K , Choe Dong-Hwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The western drywood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen), causes significant economic damage to wood structures in the United States of America, especially California. When infestation is not widespread, localized insecticide injections may be useful for remedial control. However, the extensive gallery structure of drywood termites and their tendency to aggregate at specific parts of the galleries can impact the efficacy of localized insecticide injection. Chemicals that attract termites from a distance may improve the localized insecticide injection by increasing the number of termites contacting the insecticide residues. Two volatile terpenes, α-pinene and β-pinene, commonly found in many coniferous timber trees, were applied to artificial termite galleries to determine if termites were attracted from their original aggregation site. Furthermore, we examined if adding these pinenes would improve the overall efficacy of some insecticide products for drywood termite control. Behavioral assay results showed that the treatment with pinenes increased the likelihood that drywood termites would leave their original aggregation site and contact the treated part of the gallery. When tested with the pesticide products applied in a small area away from the termite aggregation, β-pinene significantly accelerated the time course of mortality for the aqueous fipronil. The efficacy of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate dust was not influenced by the addition of pinenes. Implications for drywood termite management and future research directions are discussed.
The role of satellite DNAs in the chromosomal rearrangements and the evolution of the rare XY1Y2 sex system in Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
Authors: Deon Geize Aparecida , dos Santos Rodrigo Zeni , Sassi Francisco de Menezes Cavalcante , Moreira-Filho Orlando , Vicari Marcelo Ricardo , Porto-Foresti Fábio , Utsunomia Ricardo , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The underlying processes behind the formation, evolution, and long-term maintenance of multiple sex chromosomes have been largely neglected. Among vertebrates, fishes represent the group with the highest diversity of multiple sex chromosome systems and, with six instances, the Neotropical fish genus Harttia stands out by presenting the most remarkable diversity. However, although the origin mechanism of their sex chromosome systems is well discussed, little is known about the importance of some repetitive DNA classes in the differentiation of multiple systems. In this work, by employing a combination of cytogenetic and genomic procedures, we evaluated the satellite DNA composition of H. carvalhoi with a focus on their role in the evolution, structure, and differentiation process of the rare XY1Y2 multiple-sex chromosome system. The genome of H. carvalhoi contains a total of 28 satellite DNA families, with the A + T content ranging between 38.1% and 68.1% and the predominant presence of long satellites. The in situ hybridization experiments detected 15 satellite DNAs with positive hybridization signals mainly on centromeric and pericentromeric regions of almost all chromosomes or clustered on a few pairs. Five of them presented clusters on X, Y1, and/or Y2 sex chromosomes which were therefore selected for comparative hybridization in the other three congeneric species. We found several conserved satellites accumulated on sex chromosomes and also in regions that were involved in chromosomal rearrangements. Our results provide a new contribution of satellitome studies in multiple sex chromosome systems in fishes and represent the first satellitome study for a Siluriformes species.
Tidal disruption events from three-body scatterings and eccentricity pumping in the discs of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Prasad Chaitanya , Wang Yihan , Perna Rosalba , Ford K E Saavik , McKernan Barry 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are routinely observed in quiescent galaxies, as stars from the nuclear star cluster are scattered into the loss cone of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). TDEs are also expected to occur in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), due to scattering or orbital eccentricity pumping of stars embedded in the innermost regions of the AGN accretion disc. Encounters with embedded stellar-mass black holes (BH) can result in AGN μTDEs. AGN TDEs and μTDEs could therefore account for a fraction of observed AGN variability. Here, by performing scattering experiments with the few-body code SpaceHub, we compute the probability of AGN TDEs and μTDEs as a result of 3-body interactions between stars and binary BHs. We find that AGN TDEs are more probable during the early life of the AGNs, when rates are $\sim (6\times 10^{-5}-5 \times 10^{-2}) (f_\bullet /0.01)\, \rm {AGN}^{-1}$ yr−1 (where f• is the ratio between the number density of BHs and stars), generally higher than in quiescent galactic nuclei. By contrast, μTDEs should occur throughout the AGN lifetime at a rate of $\sim (1\times 10^{-4} - 4\times 10^{-2})(f_\bullet /0.01)\, \rm {AGN}^{-1}$ yr−1. Detection and characterization of AGN TDEs and μAGN TDEs with future surveys using Rubin and Roman will help constrain the populations of stars and compact objects embedded in AGN discs, a key input for the LVK AGN channel.
EPOCHS Paper – VIII. An insight into MIRI-selected galaxies in SMACS-0723 and the benefits of deep MIRI photometry in revealing AGN and the dusty universe
Authors: Li Qiong , Conselice Christopher J , Adams Nathan , Trussler James A A , Austin Duncan , Harvey Thomas , Ferreira Leonardo , Caruana Joseph , Ormerod Katherine , Juodžbalis Ignas 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of the stellar population and star formation history of 181 MIRI selected galaxies at z = 0 − 3.5 in the massive galaxy cluster field SMACS J0723.3–7327, commonly referred to as SMACS0723, using the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). We combine the data with the JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) catalogue, in conjunction with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3/IR and ACS imaging. We find that the MIRI bands capture PAH features and dust emission, significantly enhancing the accuracy of photometric redshift and measurements of the physical properties of these galaxies. The median photo-z’s of galaxies with MIRI data are found to have a small 0.1 per cent difference from spectroscopic redshifts and reducing the error by 20 per cent. With MIRI data included in SED fits, we find that the measured stellar masses are unchanged, while the star formation rate is slightly lower by 0.1 dex. We also fit the median SED of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star-forming galaxies (SFG) separately. MIRI data provides tighter constraints on the AGN contribution, reducing the typical AGN contributions by ∼15 per cent. In addition, we also compare the median SED obtained with and without MIRI, and we find that including MIRI data yields steeper optical and UV slopes, indicating bluer colours, lower dust attenuation, and younger stellar populations. In the future, MIRI/MRS will enhance our understanding by providing more detailed spectral information and allowing for the study of specific emission features and diagnostics associated with AGN.
Incongruent active head rotations increase visual motion detection thresholds
Authors: Pickard Kate , Davidson Matthew J , Kim Sujin , Alais David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Attributing a visual motion signal to its correct source—be that external object motion, self-motion, or some combination of both—seems effortless, and yet often involves disentangling a complex web of motion signals. Existing literature focuses on either translational motion (heading) or eye movements, leaving much to be learnt about the influence of a wider range of self-motions, such as active head rotations, on visual motion perception. This study investigated how active head rotations affect visual motion detection thresholds, comparing conditions where visual motion and head-turn direction were either congruent or incongruent. Participants judged the direction of a visual motion stimulus while rotating their head or remaining stationary, using a fixation-locked Virtual Reality display with integrated head-movement recordings. Thresholds to perceive visual motion were higher in both active-head rotation conditions compared to stationary, though no differences were found between congruent or incongruent conditions. Participants also showed a significant bias to report seeing visual motion travelling in the same direction as the head rotation. Together, these results demonstrate active head rotations increase visual motion perceptual thresholds, particularly in cases of incongruent visual and active vestibular stimulation.
Multiomics analyses provide insights into the genomic basis of differentiation among four sweet osmanthus groups
Authors: Li Yong , Zhao Heng , Xia He-Xiao , Huang Jinling , Ma Nan , Guo Peng , Liu Yan-Pei , Liu Hong-Li , Wang Yi-Han , Lin Nan , Shang Fu-De 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is famous in China for its flowers and contains four groups: Albus, Luteus, Aurantiacus, and Asiaticus. Understanding the relationships among these groups and the genetic mechanisms of flower color and aroma biosynthesis are of tremendous interest. In this study, we sequenced representative varieties from two of the four sweet osmanthus groups. Multiomics and phylogenetic analyses of varieties from each of the four groups showed that Asiaticus split first within the species, followed by Aurantiacus and the sister groups Albus and Luteus. We show that the difference in flower color between Aurantiacus and the other three groups was caused by a 4-bp deletion in the promoter region of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (OfCCD4) that leads to expression decrease. In addition, we identified 44 gene pairs exhibiting significant structural differences between the multiseasonal flowering variety “Rixianggui” in the Asiaticus group and other autumn-flowering varieties. Through correlation analysis between intermediate products of aromatic components and gene expression, we identified eight genes associated with the linalool and α- and β-ionone biosynthesis pathways. Overall, our study offers valuable genetic resources for sweet osmanthus, while also providing genetic clues for improving the flower color and multiseasonal flowering of osmanthus and other flowers.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 to suppress glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Choi Dasom , Kim Seong-Hyeon , Choi Da-Min , Moon Heewon , Kim Jeong-Il , Huq Enamul , Kim Dong-Hwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are defensive secondary metabolites produced by Brassicaceae species in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The biosynthesis of GSL compounds and the expression of GSL-related genes are highly modulated by endogenous signals (i.e. circadian clocks) and environmental cues, such as temperature, light, and pathogens. However, the detailed mechanism by which light signaling influences GSL metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that a light-signaling factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), was involved in the regulation of GSL content under light conditions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In hy5-215 mutants, the transcript levels of GSL pathway genes were substantially upregulated compared with those in wild-type (WT) plants. The content of GSL compounds was also substantially increased in hy5-215 mutants, whereas 35S::HY5-GFP/hy5-215 transgenic lines exhibited comparable levels of GSL-related transcripts and GSL content to those in WT plants. HY5 physically interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE9 and binds to the proximal promoter region of MYB29 and IMD1 to suppress aliphatic GSL biosynthetic processes. These results demonstrate that HY5 suppresses GSL accumulation during the daytime, thus properly modulating GSL content daily in Arabidopsis plants.
Improving the efficiency of research proposals evaluation: A two-stage procedure
Authors: Seeber Marco , Svege Ida , Hesselberg Jan Ole 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An important share of research funding is allocated via competitive programs, which entail considerable direct and indirect costs, such as to develop and evaluate the proposals. The goal of this article is to explore whether adopting a two-stage evaluation procedure could improve the efficiency of the process. For this purpose, we study the evaluation system designed by the Foundation Dam (Stiftelsen Dam), one of the largest foundations in Norway supporting health research. In 2020, Foundation Dam adopted a new evaluation procedure consisting in a short proposal for a first stage of selection and, for those selected, a second-stage evaluation of a long proposal. We explore whether such a procedure reduces the evaluation costs and how the evaluation procedures compare in terms of reliability. Survey responses from 94 of the 594 applicants in the one-stage procedure (2018–19) and all the 668 applicants in the two-stage procedure (2020–21) show that the two-stage procedure reduced the average time that applicants spent in drafting the proposal(s) by 38%. According to the reviewers’ estimate, the two-stage procedure also reduced by 28% the time they spent on average to evaluate an applicant’s proposal(s). The analysis of the evaluation data of 594 long proposals in the one-stage procedure and 668 short proposals in the two-stage procedure shows that reviewers’ scores of short proposals display greater reliability and agreement than the reviewers’ scores of long proposals in the old one-stage procedure. Our findings suggest that a two-stage procedure can substantially improve the efficiency of grant writing and review, without harming the reliability of the evaluation.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Prescribing Patterns in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery After Implementation of Caprini Score Risk Assessment [ID 2683387]
Authors: Norton Taylor J. , Strouse Isabel M. , Galloway Emily , Barba Nelson Brandon 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and cost. Although the risk is low in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, risk-based prophylaxis is recommended. The modifed Caprini score (CS) can assess risk of VTE and inform preoperative and postoperative prophylaxis. We assessed whether formal implementation of the CS in the Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery at a large academic center affected preoperative and postoperative VTE prophylaxis prescribing patterns.

METHODS:
Institutional review board exemption was obtained. A sample of 356 patients (156 in pre-implementation group and 190 in post-implementation group) undergoing presumed benign minimally invasive hysterectomy or myomectomy between October 2021 and September 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome investigated was adherence to recommended preoperative prophylaxis before and after implementation. Secondary outcomes included incidence of VTE and concern for bleeding.

RESULTS:
Patient demographics, VTE risk factors, CS, and surgical details were determined to be statistically comparable between the groups. The implementation of CS significantly improved preoperative VTE prophylaxis recommendation adherence from 65.4% to 85.2% (P<.001). This was due to both an increase in indicated pharmacologic prophylaxis, as well as a decrease in nonindicated usage in low-risk patients (from 22.4% to 2.6%). VTE risk was similarly low in both groups, occurring in only one patient from the pre-implementation group. There was no significant difference in estimated blood loss.

CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that CS use in patients undergoing minimally invasive gynecologic surgery can improve adherence to recommended preoperative prophylaxis for VTE, while decreasing unnecessary overtreatment in low-risk patients.
Demographic Disparities in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury [ID 2683383]
Authors: Manske Mary Claire B. , Wilson Machelle D. , Wise Barton , Hedriana Herman L. , Tancredi Daniel J. 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Black and Hispanic birthing individuals are at increased risk of delivering an infant with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI), but the reasons for these disparities are unclear. We evaluated the association of maternal race/ethnicity with established and suspected risk factors for BPBI to determine if these factors mediate these disparities.

METHODS:
Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective cohort study of all live births occurring in California-licensed hospitals from 1996 to 2012. Multiple logistic regression was used to model adjusted associations of maternal race and ethnicity with an infant born with BPBI. Causal mediation analyses evaluated established and suspected risk factors for BPBI (obesity, diabetes, gestational diabetes, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, prolonged second stage of labor, gestational age, post-term, vaginal delivery, insurance status, inadequate prenatal care) as potential mediators of the BPBI–maternal race/ethnicity relationship.

RESULTS:
The cohort included 6,278,562 births, with 7,762 BPBI. Although Black birthing individuals had an increased risk of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.48) and diabetes (aOR 1.59) compared to non-Blacks, they had a lower risk of shoulder dystocia (aOR 0.76), macrosomia (aOR 0.60), prolonged second-stage labor (aOR 0.33), precipitous labor (aOR 0.88), and vaginal delivery (aOR 0.79). Blacks had an increased risk of inadequate prenatal care (aOR 1.26) and being underinsured (aOR 1.30). The combination of these factors explained only 16.3% of the increased risk for BPBI in Black people. Findings were similar in Hispanic individuals.

CONCLUSION:
The increased risk of BPBI in Black and Hispanic individuals is only modestly explained by known risk factors. Prenatal care utilization and socioeconomic factors may play a role.