bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indexes of Availability of K, Mg, Ca, and P in Connecticut Soils1
Authors: Peaslee D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUptake of K, Ca, Mg, and P by tomatoes grown in the greenhouse was the basis of plant indexes of availability of these nutrients in six soils from Northeastern U.S. Parent materials included acid tills from schist and gneiss, basic tills from limestone, lacustrine deposits, and alluvium. Initial pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.9. Chemical indexes of available nutrients were established using three extractants: 0.73 N NaOAc + 0.53 N HOAc; cation + anion exchange resins; and 0.025 N HCl + 0.03 N NH4F. Plant indexes were highly correlated with chemical indexes for K, Mg, and Ca (r = 0.94 to 0.99) but were not correlated for P (r = 0.35 to 0.47). Multiple linear regression was used to relate plant indexes for P to inorganic P extractable in 0.73 N NaOAc + 0.53 N HOAc and total organic P (R = 0.89). These results indicate that extractants or extracting conditions that reflect contents of mineralizable organic P in such soils should markedly improve correlations between plant and chemical indexes of P.
Effect of Injections of Propane into Soil on Crop Growth1
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Herbeck J. H. , Eastin Jerry D. , Frederick L. R. , Stritzel J. A. , Colville W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLiquid propane (C3H8) was injected into the soil of plots for Zea mays (L.), Sorghum, bicolor (L.) Moench, and Glycine max (L.) Merr. with an anhydrous ammonia applicator at rates of from 0 to 376 liters/ha (0 to 40 gal/A). Gaseous propane was injected into greenhouse and growth chamber pots of soybeans and sorghum at equivalent rates. Propane injections produced a small decrease in corn leaf nitrogen percent. No significant influence on corn yield was noted. Sorghum was not affected by propane injections. Soybean root nodulation was increased by propane injections. Propane had no effect on nodulation where nitrogen fertilizer was added and had no effect on soybean yields. Additional laboratory studies using a closed system showed that microbial activity and nitrogen immobiliaztion were directly related to the propane gas concentration in the soil. Propane may have been used as a source of energy by the microorganisms which then immobilized the soil inorganic nitrogen.
Effect of Pesticides on Chemical Composition of Soybean Seed [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]1
Authors: Johnson B. J. , Jellum M. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarious herbicides, systemic insecticides, and fungicides were applied to soybeans to determine whether these pesticides had any influence on certain chemical characteristics of the seed. Fatty acid composition of oil, oil content, and protein content of soybean seed were not affected by pesticides applied alone or in combination. Seed yields were not affected by any of the pesticide treatments used in these studies.
Temperature Effect on Emergence Rate of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Field Situations
Authors: Wanjura D. F. , Hudspeth E. B. , Bilbro J. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnder field conditions temperature is generally the primary factor controlling the rate of cotton emergence. Relationships were found between the time from planting to 45% of final emergence and soil temperature. Average daily minimum seed level temperature and average daily mean air temperature have a high linear correlation. Q10 values representing coefficients of emergence rate show the acceleration of emergence speed decreases with increasing increments of temperature. Though acceleration decreases, the net result is increasing emergence rate as seed level temperature increases.
Effect of Grazing Management on the Animal Production from Birdsfoot Trefoil Pastures1
Authors: Van Keuren R. W. , Davis R. R. , Bell D. S. , Klosterman E. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of grazing management on animal product per hectare and individual animal response from birdsfoot trefoil‐Kentucky bluegrass pastures was studied for a 6‐year period. The put‐and‐take grazing procedure was used with yearling steers and feeder lambs. Animal product per hectare, as measured by animal liveweight gains, was greater from a three paddock rotational grazing system than from continuous grazing. ‘Empire’ birdsfoot trefoil produced more total animal product per ha for the 6 years than did ‘Viking’ birdsfoot trefoil within grazing treatments. Individual animal response as measured by average daily gains was similar for grazing treatments as well as for Empire and Viking birdsfoot trefoils. Empire was found to be a more persistent pasture legume than Viking. Feeder lambs produced more animal product per hectare than yearling steers.
Potassium and Organic Nitrogen Content of Grain Sorghum as Affected by Iron1
Authors: Matocha J. E. , Thomas G. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies were conducted in the greenhouse on the influence of P, K, and Fe on yield and organic N content of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) grown on two calcareous soils. Small responses in forage yields to additions of P were measured in both soils. Plants grown on Clareville clay loam and Victoria clay failed to respond to K applications. Soil applications of Fe with and without K on Clareville clay loam increased yields substantially when a high level of P was added. Leaf anomalies similar to N deficiency and necrosis were alleviated by applied Fe. No typical Fe deficiency symptoms were present. Increases in the K content of the tissue were associated with the response to applied Fe. The organic N content of the tissue was directly related to the K content. Field experiments on the Clareville soil substantiated the greenhouse findings in relation to forage yield response to Fe. Leaf aberrations similar to those present in the greenhouse were partially cured by Fe sprays. Although K and organic N contents in the leaves were largely unaffected by Fe sprays, the seed contents of these two plant components appeared to be related to applied Fe. Iron concentrations in the tissue did not appear to be associated with any of the growth differences.
Influence of Harvesting Methods on Flue‐Cured Tobacco1
Authors: Gwynn G. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMechanization of the harvesting process in flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) could reduce the costs of production. Some systems of mechanized harvesting may reduce the number of harvests below the normal six harvests. Several methods of harvesting different varieties were tested for their effects on agronomic, chemical, and physical leaf characteristics of flue‐cured varieties and breeding lines.In Study No. 1 a modified harvesting method produced tobacco very similar to that of the conventional system. Evidence indicated that where other modified methods failed to equal the conventional, it was due to the fact that the leaves remained on the plant longer than usual before harvesting.In Study No. 2 additional modified methods from those used in Study No. 1 were tested. There were no differences between the modified methods used in Study No. 2 and the conventional; this indicated an improvement in the modified methods chosen. In Study No. 2 a delay in leaf removal caused less desirable tobacco.The presence of interactions indicate that different methods of harvesting may produce inconsistent results across environments and varieties.
Evaluation of Crownvetch (Coronilla Varia L.) by Performance of Beef Cattle1
Authors: Burns J. C. , Cope W. A. , Goode L. , Harvey R. W. , Gross H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe feasibility of utilizing crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) as a grazing species was evaluated in the Piedmont and Mountain regions of North Carolina for 2 years. In 1966, yearling steers grazing for 70 days in the Piedmont gained 0.35 kg/day. The cow‐calf herd in the mountains readily grazed the mature growth. During the 1967 season, 2‐year‐old steers grazed for 154 days in the Piedmont and had an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.58 kg. In the mountains, cows and calves grazed for 70 days after June 28 and had an ADG of 0.41 and 0.91 kg, respectively. Animal performance an crownvetch appears acceptable.
Effect of Soil Temperature on Phosphorus Fertilizer Reaction in Soil and Subsequent Availability to Plants
Authors: Hunsigi Gururaj , Ketcheson J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of soil temperature and P fertilizer reaction in soil on P uptake by corn was studied in a growth chamber for 3 weeks. In the first week, medium temperature (24 C) and high temeprature (32 C) increased the number of lateral roots as compared to low temperature (16 C). Increased reaction under the influence of higher temperature did not limit the P uptake.
Sulfur‐Coated Urea and Uncoated Soluble Nitrogen Fertilizers for Fescue Forage1
Authors: Mays D. A. , Terman G. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField experiments were carried out during 1965–67 to compare rates, sources and times of N topdressing for ‘Kentucky 31’ fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Uncoated ammonium nitrate (AN), urea, and other readily soluble N fertilizers resulted in higher first‐cutting yields, which were higher in content of total N. Sulfur‐coated urea (SCU) resulted in lower first‐cutting and higher later‐cutting yields than did the soluble N sources. Total annual yields were usually similar with all N sources. Mixtures of AN and SCU or split applications of AN resulted in the most uniform seasonal growth and N content. Lower yields and apparent crop recovery of N from uncoated urea and urea ammonium phosphate (UAP) indicated lower efficiency of these urea‐containing N sources for topdressing, particularly at higher N rates. December, January, February, and March topdressing dates had rather similar effects on forage yields and N contents.
Digestibility, Nutritive Value and Intake of Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.)1
Authors: Colovos N. F. , Koes R. M. , Holter J. B. , Mitchell J. R. , Davis H. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nutritive value of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was studied in two experiments. In the first year, effects of stage of growth at harvest and method of preservation on digestibility and nutritive value were studied using cattle. In the following year, effects of degree of maturity at harvest and level of feed intake on digestibility and nutritive value were investigated. Maximum ad libitum intake of each forage was determined with both cattle and sheep. First‐cutting reed canarygrass was harvested the first week of June and conserved as hay. In the first year, it also was stored as haylage in a conventional tower silo. Twelve to 15 days later, a more mature first‐cutting was harvested as hay. Forty days after each first‐cutting, an aftermath (second year only) was harvested and conserved as hay. For uniformity, all hay was artificially dried with heat at a mean temperature of about 44 C.On a percentage basis, a delay in harvest of 12 to 15 days after the first week in June was accompanied by mean losses of 8% TDN, 15% net energy, and 34% digestible protein concentrations in the hay. A concurrent 20 and 24% loss in maximum dry matter intake was observed in cattle and sheep, respectively. Level of feed intake significantly affected nutritive value expressed as net energy per unit dry matter. Aftermaths and haylage generally were intermediate between the two first‐cutting hays in digestibility, nutritive value, and maximum intake.
Comparison of Rooting in Soil Parent Materials Using Undisturbed Soil Cores1
Authors: Davies D. B. , Runge E. C. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRoot explorations under oats and soybean growing in cores taken from four commonly occurring soil parent materials in Illinois were compared after 8 weeks growth. Nutrient deficiencies were minimized so that the comparison was between the physical properties of the four materials. Root growth in the silty clay, silty clay loam, and loam tills differed by small amounts and was much less in all three than in the loess parent material. The variation of root weight was significantly correlated with bulk density.The 91‐cm soil cores were taken with a hydraulically operated corer, sealed in wax and stove piping, and used as individual plots in a replicated trial. In this way intersite variation was eliminated. Cores can be used for various types of plant and soil investigations.
Plant Growth and Root Distribution in Layered Sand Columns1
Authors: Flocker W. J. , Timm H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth of tomato plants in relation to moisture retention in uniform and layered sand columns was investigated in growth chamber environment. Fourteen acrylic plastic columns were filled with alternating coarse‐ and fine‐textured sand in seven different layering arrangements, each replicated twice. Tomato plant growth and root distribution within the layered columns were correlated with moisture retention of the respective layers. Implications of results to field irrigation management are discussed.
Influence of Irrigation Interval and Plant Density on Alfalfa Seed Production1
Authors: Abu‐Shakra S. , Akhatar M. , Bray D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIrrigation applied once every 2 weeks, providing a seasonal total of 25.7 cm of water, produced the greatest seed yield, as well as an increase in the number of pods per raceme, number of seeds per pod, and 1,000‐seed weight. Plants irrigated at 3 or 4‐week intervals produced the highest number of hard seeds. The 50 ✕ 50 cm plant spacing produced well developed alfalfa plants which gave relatively high seed yields of 80 kg/dunum (1,000 m2) in 1966 and 65 kg/dunum in 1967.The variety ‘Hairy Peruvian’ produced more pods per raceme and more seeds per pod resulting in greater seed yield than that from the varieties ‘African’ and ‘Chilean.’ The Hairy Peruvian plants were the shortest of the three varieties grown.
Selection in Medicago sativa for Tolerance to Alfalfa‐Sick Soils of Central Alberta1
Authors: Goplen B. P. , Webster G. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGenetic selection against the suspected toxic (“alfalfasick”) soil condition was ineffective. Replicated field comparisons of ‘Sel. Vernal’ and unselected certified ‘Vernal’ on two alfalfa‐sick soils showed no significant difference in forage yield. Yields of four additional varieties also were uniformly depressed by the alfalfasick soils. Fertilizer treatments improved yields somewhat but did not correct the suspected toxic soil condition. Previous cropping to alfalfa appears responsible for the severely depressed growth of alfalfa.
Effects of Rate, Time, and Method of Application of TIBA on Soybean Production1
Authors: Bauer M. E. , Sherbeck T. G. , Ohlrogge A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of foliar application at the beginning of flowering of the growth regulator 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on the growth and development of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was studied at several locations in Indiana in 1965 and 1966. TIBA resulted in combine yield increases of up to 15%. The yield increases were due to greater numbers of seed. TIBA treated plants were more resistant to lodging than untreated plants. TIBA treatments reduced plant height, partially inhibited apical dominance, and produced a triangular shaped canopy with a more vertical leaf orientation.In TIBA rate experiments (20 to 150 g/ha), morphological changes were greatest with high levels of TIBA, but yields were maximized at rates of 20 to 50 g/ha. Similar results were obtained in spray volume experiments (47, 94, 187 and 374 liters/ha) indicating that TIBA response is also influenced by the volume of water applied. No significant differences in growth or yield were found among TIBA applicatons at 6 AM, 11 AM, 4 PM or 9 PM.
Alternatives to Seed‐packet Inoculation of Soybeans with Rhizobium japonicum1
Authors: Hinson Kuell 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study tested two methods for inoculating soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) plots with Rhizobium japonicum. In one method, inoculant mixed with moist builders sand was drilled in rows before planting. When applied at 10 times the recommended rate (10×), it produced 63 and 78% as many nodules as 10× and 1× seed inoculation, respectively. Nodulation was essentially equal at placement depths of 4 and 6.5 cm. Plantings made 15 days after application had 80% as many nodules as those made 1 day after application.In the second method, 100 kg/ha of inoculated soybeans were sown with a grain drill and grown for 6 weeks to pre‐inoculate fields. Nodulation in subsequent plots, without further inoculation, was good when plants from the grain drill seeding averaged five or more nodules each before they were disked under. When plants from the grain drill seeding averaged 2.5 nodules each, temporary symptoms of nitrogen deficiency developed in subsequent plots.
Transient Light Measurements in Plant Canopies1
Authors: Norman J. M. , Tanner C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTansient light fluctuation measurements are reported for soybean, corn, and brome‐alfalfa canopies. The frequencies of the light fluctuations are obtained with variance spectra and band‐pass filter analysis. The variance contributions for frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 30 Hz are given for the three canopies. The distribution of flux density levels was also measured and reported.
Relative Growth Rate of Potato Plants as Affected by Solar Energy at High Elevation1
Authors: Soltanpour P.N. , Moore F.D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWeekly relative growth rates (R) of two potato varieties were determined and weekly values of total solar energy (En) were recorded in the San Luis Valley of Colorado (Elevation:2337 m). The observed relationship between R and En was linear and significant r values were 0.87 and 0.75 for Red McClure and Russet Burbank potatoes, respectively. Even under relatively high insolation, sunlight was limiting to the growth of potato varieties studied.
Automated Precision Balance System for Measuring Transpiration from Large Individual Plants1
Authors: Harris Donald G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo automated balances are described which are suitable for intensively monitoring transpiration rates of individual plants. Accurate estimates for 1‐min intervals are possible for a large plant. Both units provide continuous electrical signals for automated control functions, analog recording, and data logging.The two balances have load capacities of 10 kg and 100 kg, with identical precisions of 0.1‐g weight change over a 40‐g range. Total weight is maintained within the range by the automatic addition of compensation weights. Compared to all earlier automated transpiration balances, the 100‐kg system has a precision to load ratio which is about eight times better. Improvements have also been made in damping for short‐term air movement disturbances and in data collection. The balances require a minimum of operational precautions and are rugged, stable, and reasonably priced.
D‐Amino Acids in Soils. I. Uptake and Metabolism by Seedling Maize and Ryegrass1
Authors: Aldag R. W. , Young J. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough normally not constituents of proteins, Dconfiguration amino acids are important components of certain bacteria, insects, earthworms, and animals. while the contribution or fate of these D‐amino acids within the ever‐revolving nitrogen fraction of soils remains unknown, there is little question that they are present in soils. Their possible uptake by and effect on plants is thus of agronomic interest. This study has shown:1. That both ryegrass and maize seedlings readily absorbed any of the D‐amino acids applied. To date, those applied include D‐valine, D‐leucine, D‐alanine, Dmethionine, and D‐lysine as representatives of the different major groups of metabolically related amino acids.2. That these plants possess essential enzymatic systems to metabolize the so‐called “unnatural”, “non‐protein” D‐configuration amino acids. The amount metabolized during a 34‐hour exposure period ranged as a minimum between 53 and 87%.3. That at least some of the initial metabolic conversions appear the same as those for the corresponding L‐α‐amino acids. The α‐keto acid analog of the supplied D‐amino acid was a significant product and possibly a major intermediate in every case. Extensive decarboxylation occurred as evidenced by loss of radioactivity when the 14C label was in the carboxyl position. Utilization of the metabolites was evident from examples such as 14C‐D‐alanine → 14C‐pyruvic acid → 14C‐valine.4. That other metabolic reactions are involved which have not been commonly reported for corresponding “natural” L‐amino acid isomers. For example, there was apparent conversion of carboxyl14C‐D‐alanine to labeled 14C‐alpha‐methylserine, indicating the presence of alphamethylserine hydroxymethyl‐transferase. From 14C‐D‐alanine, labeled valine was detected in grass roots but labeled isoleudne appeared in grass shoots.
Effect of Nitrogen and Shading on Yield and Quality of Grasses Grown under Young Slash Pines1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Hughes Ralph H. , Lewis Clifford E. , Monson Warren G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTifhi‐1 bahiagrass, Coastal bermudagrass, and prostrate dallisgrass were planted in 1962, under a stand of 5‐year‐old slash pines, spaced 3 m apart and averaging 5.2 m high. We applied N at 56, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg/ha, and enough P and K to give a 2:1:1 ratio of N:P2O5:K2O. Grass yields were taken every 6 weeks. In 1963, all grasses responded to N; maximum yields of bahia‐, bermuda‐, and dallisgrass were produced at 224, 336, and 112 kg/ha of N, respectively. N response was the same in 1964, except that bermudagrass produced maximum yields at only 222 kg/ha. No N response was seen in 1965; bahia‐ outyielded bermuda‐ and dallisgrass. In 1966, there were no differences among grasses, and no N response. In 1963, grass yields under the trees were as high as yields in the open, but in 1964, when the trees intercepted 84% of the light, they were somewhat lower. In 1965 and 1966, grass yields under trees were much lower than yields in the open. Yield decreased linearly as tree basal area increased. Crude protein content and dry matter digestibility increased with increased N rates; differences among grasses were small. Grass yields were higher than native range yields previously reported, however, the range yields were taken under different conditions of shading and fertilization. Quality of native range herbage and the grasses in this study was about the same, but quality of the improved grasses was depressed by infrequent cutting.
Effect of Cysteine on the Action of Trifluralin on Lateral Roots of Cotton and Corn1
Authors: Shahied S. I. , Giddens Joel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil‐incorporated combinations of a,a,a‐trifluoro ‐ 2, 6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine (trifluralin), and cysitiene resulted in reversal of trifluralin inhibition of secondary root development. Increasing cysteine resulted in an increase in numbers of lateral roots.
Response of Brunswickgrass (Paspalum nicorae (Parodi)) to N Fertilization and Intense Clipping1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Powell John D. , Lawrence Roger M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA number of accessions of brunswickgrass, Paspalum nicorae (Parodi) have been introduced into the southeastern parts of the United States in recent years. The species is a tropical and subtropical forage species on which little research has been reported.In this investigation the grass was fertilized with 0, 112, 224 and 336 kg/ha N and clipped at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐week frequencies at approximately 3 mm height. Each increment of N increased forage production significantly but at a reduced rate. The forage yields increases as the clipping interval was lengthened from 1 to 6 weeks with the largest increase between the 2‐ and 3‐week frequencies. Tillers per dm2 and rhizomes per ha were not influenced by either N rate or clipping frequency. Roots per ha were reduced by the 1‐ and 2‐week frequencies and at the lowest N rate. However, all treatments appeared to have sufficient roots to prevent deterioration to the sods.