bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoanalysis and Education for The Facilitation of Positive Human Qualities
Authors: Ekstein Rudolf 
Published: April 2010

This paper discusses psychoanalytic contributions concerning the development and the facilitation of qualities such as empathy, love for neighbor, social‐mindedness, identification, sympathy, and altruism. An early notion of Freud's concerning the original tie between mother and child is seen as the precursor of modern object‐relations theory, of the development of language and empathy, the capacity to love, and the capacity to develop altruistic feelings, attitudes, and behavior. The paper also deals with neurotic manifestations of altruism and of other positive qualities. The notion is expressed that perhaps the most valuable contribution that psychoanalysts can make lies in the field of education, the application of psychoanalytic concepts and understanding to the upbringing of the child, to the education and training of the youth.Kindness, thou dear great name that containest nothing in thee demanding loveless esteem, but prayest to be followed; thou dost not menace and needst not establish any law, but of thyself findest entrance into feeling, and willingly art revered; whose smile disarms all sister inclinations; thou art so glorious that we need not ask after thy descent, for whatever be thy origin it is ennobled through thee [Moritz Schlick, 1930, pp. 208–209]!
Political Activation of Japanese American Youth1
Authors: Maykovich Minako K. 
Published: April 2010

Japanese Americans have been cited as a model minority who have attained middle class status through hard work and conformity to social order. Recently, however, the validity of the quiet, conforming Japanese American image is challenged by politically active third‐generation Japanese American youth (Sansei). A total of 508 Sansei college students in California were interviewed to identify sociological correlates of Sansei activism. Political activists are not homogeneous; hence the Sansei were divided into four types based on the dimensions of acceptance versus rejection of traditionalism and involvement versus detachment from social issues. In line with the symbolic interactionism hypothesis, subjective status of father as perceived by Sansei is more closely related to the Sansei politicalization than is his objective status.Sh, h, h … ! A Quiet American is speaking … As the Black and Brown communities push for changes in our present system, the Oriental is set forth as an example to be followed—a minority group that has achieved success through adaptation rather than confrontation … the Yellow Uncle Tom … [Gidra, 1969, p. 6].
Easy Sport: Research and Relevance
Authors: Reuter Peter 
Published: April 2010

This paper is an analysis of the Final Report of the Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling. After discussing the origins and political environment of the Commission, the paper focuses on the relationship between the Commission's recommendations and the results of its own research. The author argues that the research was used only where it fitted the Commission's views and was ignored where it did not. The paper concludes with a discussion of the structural factors that led to this outcome.Criticizing the banal and unsubstantiated policy views of public commissions is easy sport… I do so only to make a simple point: public commissions, on the record, have either made no use of social science… made some use but in ways irrelevant to its policy conclusions…, or made use of relevant but unconvincing research. (Wilson, 1978)
In Pursuit of Safety: Alternative Patterns of Police Production in Three Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Baillargeon Diane L. , Smith Dennis C. 
Published: April 2010

Community safety and police services production processes manifest diverse patterns within and between jurisdictions. Using data from a comparative study of policing in sixty neighborhoods, distributed across three metropolitan areas, an analytic typology of modes or patterns of citizen‐police production activities is derived and proposed for use in subsequent productivity analysis. Detailed descriptions of policing and citizen safety related activities are examined in selected neighborhoods in order to assess the integrity of the proposed production categories. Relationships between the production categories, neighborhood and department characteristics, and various measures of police “performance” are then presented. Implications for productivity analysis are considered.“According to the Great Equation, Medical Care equals Health. But the Great Equation is wrong. More available medical care does not equal better health. The best estimates are that the medical system (doctors, drugs, hospitals) affects about 10 percent of the usual indexes for measuring health: whether you live at all (infant mortality), how well you live (days lost due to sickness), how long you live (adult mortality). The remaining 90 percent are determined by factors over which doctors have little or no control, from individual lifestyle (smoking, exercise, worry) to social conditions (income, eating habits, psychological inheritance), to the physical environment (air and water quality). Most of the bad things that happen to peoples' health are at present beyond the reach of medicine.”
The Effectiveness Paradox: Institutional vs Community Placement of Offenders
Authors: Sarri Rosemary 
Published: April 2010

This paper reviews current knowledge about the relative effectiveness of institutional and community‐based programs for juvenile and adult offenders. It asks why public policy has turned away from rehabilitation goals to those of punishment and retribution. Although knowledge about relative effectiveness is insufficient, the evidence suggests that political decisions are made regarding incarceration without reference to the knowledge that community‐based programs are at least as effective as institutional ones.Data from a national assessment of institutional and community‐based juvenile programs are presented to highlight similarities and differences in offenders' characteristics, program patterns and outcomes. Particularly noteworthy are findings indicating that variables such as race, gender, and state are critical in predicting differential use of community vs institutional placements, not crime rate or known effectiveness. Overall expansion of social control may result when states develop community‐based programs unless deliberate simultaneous action is undertaken to reduce institutional populations.
Phenotype of NK Cells and Cytotoxic/Apoptotic Mediators Expression in Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Laskarin Gordana , Redzovic Arnela , Vukelic Petar , Veljkovic Danijela , Gulic Tamara , Haller Herman , Rukavina Daniel 
Published: April 2010

Citation Laskarin G, Redzovic A, Vukelic P, Veljkovic D, Gulic T, Haller H, Rukavina D. Phenotype of NK cells and cytotoxic/apoptotic mediators expression in ectopic pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Problem  The expression of cytotoxic/apoptotic mediators and the phenotype characteristics of uterine NK cells (uNK) in tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) were investigated.Method of study  Samples of uterine decidua and tubal mucosa as well as peripheral blood (PB) of the same women with EP were used for phenotype characterization of NK cells and detection of cytotoxic/apoptotic mediators and IL‐15.Results  In tubal mucosa, perforin, FasL, granulysin and IL‐15 were almost completely absent, but they were present in normal and EP uterine deciduas. TRAIL was present on trophoblast and tubal mucosa, contrary to its lack in normal and EP uterine decidua. CD16−CD56dim NK cells, mostly CD94− and NKG2A−, predominate in tubal mucosa, whereas CD16−CD56bright NK cells, predominantly CD94+ and NKG2A+ prevail in EP uterine decidua. NK cells at the EP implantation site express lower percentages of perforin and granulysin, but they express a higher percentage of TRAIL than do EP uterine decidual and PB NK cells. Lower percentage of TNF‐α‐expressing and IL‐4‐expressing NK cells were found at the implantation site compared to EP uterine decidua.Conclusions  Authentic uNK cell population seems to be insufficient to restrict trophoblast invasion because of low expression of cytotoxic/apoptotic mediators.
Using biological traits to assess how urbanization filters plant species of small woodlands
Authors: Vallet Jeanne , Daniel Hervé , Beaujouan Véronique , Rozé Françoise , Pavoine Sandrine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuestion: Which biological traits (persistence, regeneration, dispersion traits and resource requirements) may explain the distribution of woodland flora along an urban–rural gradient?Location: The study was carried out in three medium‐sized conurbations of north‐western France: Angers, Nantes and Rennes.Methods: We sampled the vegetation of 36 small woodlands of about 1.5 ha composed of non‐planted vegetation along an urban–rural gradient. We characterized the position of woodlands along the urban–rural gradient by examining adjacent land cover. By using an ordination analysis (RLQ), we analysed which traits out of –23 tested were related to the contrasted distribution of species along the urban–rural gradient.Results: Species that are more likely to be found in urban woodlands than rural woodlands have different persistence traits (higher specific leaf area, more often rosette or semi‐rosette form, less underground vegetative multiplication), resource requirements (affinity for base‐rich and fertile soils) and regeneration traits (short life‐span). Dispersion traits were not related to the distribution of species along the urban–rural gradient.Conclusions: Our approach identifies traits that can help to determine the vulnerability of forest species as a result of the environmental changes that follow urbanization. Limiting the influence of the urban environment on habitat quality (particularly disturbance and soil enrichment) is likely to be of major importance in maintaining the plant biodiversity in woodlands.
Extraosseous osteosarcoma: Single institutional experience in Korea
Authors: LEE Soohyeon , LEE Mi Rae , LEE Su Jin , AHN Hee Kyung , YI Junho , YI Seong Yoon , SEO Sung Wook , SUNG Ki‐Sun , PARK Joon Oh , LEE Jeeyun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  Extraosseous osteosarcoma (EOO) is a rare soft tissue form of osteosarcoma without involvement of the skeletal system. Due to the rarity of disease, its clinical features and optimal treatment are yet to be defined.Methods:  Between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2008 ten patients were pathologically confirmed with extra‐skeletal osteosarcoma. A retrospective analysis of the ten patients was performed.Results:  The anatomical distribution of the osteosarcomas was as follows: lower extremities (n = 3), upper extremities (n = 2), breast (n = 2), lung (n = 1), cheek (n = 1) and retroperitoneum (n = 1). Nine patients initially underwent resection of the primary mass. One patient, who received six cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy was alive in remission at 42.6 months. One patient with postoperative radiotherapy after curative surgery was alive in remission at 6.2 months. However, all three patients who received curative resection but no postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy died of the disease at 10.7, 11.1 and 15.6 months after surgery. The median time to failure was only 4.4 months (95% CI, 0.6, 8.2 months) and the median survival time of all patients was only 11.1 months (95% CI, 5.6, 16.6 months). At the time of analysis, seven patients were dead and all died of the disease recurrence.Conclusion:  EOO should be treated as a soft tissue sarcoma with aggressive behavior and multimodality treatment should be actively sought to improve treatment outcome. The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival of EOO needs further investigation.
Helping Young People Who Self‐Harm: Perspectives From England
Authors: Pryjmachuk Steven , Trainor Gemma 
Published: April 2010

TOPIC:  Interventions for young people who self‐harm.PURPOSE:  To inform the international community of concerns that have arisen in England in relation to self‐harm in young people, the therapies available to young people, and the evidence base for these therapies.SOURCE(S) USED:  Published literature on the topic, together with the clinical and academic expertise of the paper's authors.CONCLUSIONS:  A variety of treatment modalities (categorized according to whether they were individual, family, group, or psychopharmacological therapies) used in England with young people who self‐harm are discussed. The overall picture regarding these interventions is unclear: a few have no research evidence; some, however, do show promise though limitations in study design, and a lack of replication means no definitive conclusions can be drawn. There needs to be further research and development in this area, especially evaluative research of interventions. Nurses should play a lead role here as they are often in the most unique position to help young people who self‐harm.
Emotion Regulation Related to Children's Future Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors
Authors: Bowie Bonnie H. 
Published: April 2010

PROBLEM:  Emotion regulation in children is a construct with important theoretical and clinical implications for healthcare providers, yet currently there is not a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily administered to young children.METHODS:  The study was based on interviews with 126 children ages 5.5–12 years from a longitudinal study conducted over 4 years. Reliability, internal construct, and discriminant and predictive validity were examined.FINDINGS:  The study was able to distinguish between two types of emotions, sadness and anger, and provided evidence that outcomes may be different for each of these emotion dysregulations.CONCLUSIONS:  This study provides empirical evidence that an interview with children as young as 5.5 years can provide researchers with a reliable and valid measure of emotion regulation.
Raising an Autistic Child: Perspectives From Turkish Mothers
Authors: Bilgin Hulya , Kucuk Leyla 
Published: April 2010

PROBLEM:  Autism is an illness with severe deficits in reciprocal social interactions, imagination, communication, and restricted or unusual behavioral repertories that affect all areas of a child's life such as daily living activities, home/school life, and relationships with family members and others. Yet, there is much to be learned about the impact of this disorder on parents' experiences, and ways in which their lives are altered and ways that they can be assisted to better manage the home environment.METHODS:  The purpose of this study was to explore and categorize the experiences of mothers having an autistic child using a phenomenological design in the qualitative tradition. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 43 mothers regarding their experiences with their autistic children. Data were analyzed with deductive content analysis based on coding, and were grouped into categories based on common themes. The distributions of common responses in categories were presented as percentages.FINDINGS:  Based on this qualitative study, mothers expressed feelings of burden and stress because of their child's behaviors associated with autism, as well as their own role and future expectations, and the complexity of care needed by their children at home.CONCLUSIONS:  This study provided new knowledge about the difficulties and experiences of mothers of autistic children in Turkey. The results underscored the needs of mothers who require support from family members, healthcare organizations, and society. The findings support the need for training programs for mothers and parents conducted by nurses and other healthcare professionals who have special knowledge and skill to provide education and modeling of therapeutic interventions.
Effect of Hydrodynamic Pressure Processing on the Processing and Quality Characteristics of Moisture‐Enhanced Pork Loins
Authors: Bowker B. , Liu M. , Callahan J. , Solomon M. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) and aging on the processing characteristics and final meat quality of moisture‐enhanced pork loins. Boneless pork loins (n = 24) were split into 3 portions and assigned treatments: control (non‐HDP treated, brine‐injected), HDP treated before brine‐injection, or HDP treated after brine‐injection. Pork loins were injected with a salt/phosphate/water solution to 110% of original weight on day 0, intermittently tumbled 3 h, and then held overnight. Meat quality and protein characteristics were measured on days 1 and 8. HDP‐treated loins had greater (P < 0.05) brine retention after overnight equilibration and a higher (P < 0.05) processing yield than controls. Warner–Bratzler shear force and expressible moisture decreased (P < 0.0001) with aging from days 1 to 8, but were not significantly affected by either HDP treatment. When the drip loss data from HDP treatments were pooled, HDP samples had lower drip loss values than controls. L* and b* measurements exhibited significant HDP by aging interaction effects, but a* was not influenced by either HDP or aging. Myofibrillar protein solubility and gel electrophoresis measurements of protein degradation were influenced by aging treatments. Data from this study suggest that HDP may have beneficial effects on the processing and final product quality of moisture‐enhanced pork loins.Practical Application: This study demonstrates that hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) is an effective postharvest technology for improving the processing and meat quality characteristics of moisture‐enhanced pork loin products, benefiting both meat processors and consumers.
Selective aldosterone blocker, eplerenone, attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma growth and angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Kaji Kosuke , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Kitade Mitsuteru , Ikenaka Yasuhide , Noguchi Ryuichi , Shirai Yusaku , Yoshii Junichi , Yanase Koji , Namisaki Tadashi , Yamazaki Masaharu , Tsujimoto Tatsuhiro , Kawaratani Hideto , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: April 2010

Aim:  The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has become known as a prerequisite for tumor angiogenesis, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although angiotensin II is known to play an important role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, the role of aldosterone (Ald) is still obscure. The aim of our current study was to elucidate the effect of eplerenone, a clinically used selective Ald blocker (SAB), on murine HCC development especially in conjunction with angiogenesis.Methods:  To create an allograft model, we injected 1 × 106 of BNL‐HCC cells into the flanks of BALB/c mice. After the tumor was established, SAB was administrated at dose of 100 mg/kg per day.Results:  Administration of SAB significantly suppressed HCC development along with inhibition of angiogenesis and expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor. SAB treatment resulted in a marked increase of apoptosis in the tumor, whereas tumor cell proliferation was not altered. Our in vitro study showed that SAB significantly suppressed the Ald‐induced endothelial proliferation and tubular formation through inhibition of phosphorylation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2. On the contrary, neither Ald nor SAB affected the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro.Conclusion:  Ald plays a pivotal role in HCC development through VEGF‐mediated tumor angiogenesis, and SAB may be a potential new strategy in HCC therapy in the future.
Effects of 1‐O‐hexyl‐2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone on carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatic cirrhosis in rats
Authors: An Jun , Feng Guo‐Gang , Huang Lei , Kurokawa Tsuyoshi , Nonami Toshiaki , Koide Tatsuro , Kondo Fumio , Komatsu Toru , Tsunekawa Koji , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Goto Hidemi , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Miki Tokutaro , Sugiyama Satoru , Ishikawa Naohisa 
Published: April 2010

Aim:  The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 1‐O‐hexyl‐2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), a synthesized vitamin E derivative, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced cirrhosis.Methods:  Rats were treated with hypodermic injections of CCl4 twice a week to induce the hepatic cirrhosis, and given drinking water containing HTHQ or solvent. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were performed to evaluate the effects of HTHQ on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).Results:  Masson's staining of rat livers showed fibrosis around pseudo‐lobules in the CCl4 group, the lesions being reduced in the CCl4 HTHQ group. Increases in liver tissue hydroxyproline and α1(I) collagen, α‐smooth muscle actin and iNOS induced by CCl4, were also markedly diminished by HTHQ. Furthermore, both HTHQ and vitamin E attenuated interleukin‐1β‐induced iNOS protein expression in cultured hepatocytes, the potency of HTHQ being 10‐times higher than that of vitamin E.Conclusion:  HTHQ may inhibit development of hepatic cirrhosis in rats, more potently than vitamin E, by inhibiting the iNOS expression in hepatocytes. Because vitamin E has a radical scavenging action, roles of NO and peroxynitrite will be discussed in the effects of HTHQ on the fibrosis.
Effect of nucleoside analog‐interferon sequential therapy on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Okuse Chiaki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Yamada Norie , Okamoto Masaru , Ikeda Hiroki , Kobayashi Minoru , Fukuda Yasunobu , Takahashi Hideaki , Nagase Yoshihiko , Suzuki Yuka , Matsunaga Kotaro , Ishii Toshiya , Matsumoto Nobuyuki , Koike Kazuhiko , Suzuki Michihiro , Itoh Fumio 
Published: April 2010

Aim:  Nucleoside analog (NA)‐interferon (IFN) sequential therapy may enable the long‐term control of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the withdrawal of the nucleoside analog. We evaluated the efficacy of NA‐IFN sequential therapy for acute exacerbation of CHB.Methods:  A total of 12 patients with acute exacerbation of CHB, nine of whom were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), were enrolled in this study. All the patients were treated with lamivudine 100 mg/day alone for 20 weeks, then with both IFN‐α 6 megaunits three times per week and lamivudine for 4 weeks, and lastly, with IFN‐α alone for 20 weeks. Patients whose serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was normalized, whose serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level decreased to less than 5 log copies/mL, and HBeAg level was absent 24 weeks after the end of treatment were defined as having sustained virological response (SVR). The other patients were defined as having no response (NR).Results:  Four out of nine (44.4%) HBeAg‐positive and all three HBeAg‐negative patients achieved SVR. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA and HBV core‐related antigen were similar between SVR and NR patients at baseline. Three of four patients (75.0%) whose serum HBeAg became negative at the end of treatment achieved SVR, while one of five (20.0%) whose serum HBeAg remained positive achieved SVR.Conclusion:  NA‐IFN sequential therapy for patients with acute exacerbation of CHB enables the withdrawal of treatment and is particularly effective for patients whose serum HBeAg has become undetectable by the end of the IFN treatment.