bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of undulator motion control system with redundant protections
Authors: Lei Yangyang , Yuan Qibing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Shudong , Xiang Shengwang , Deng Haixiao , Liu Bo 
Published: May 2024

The undulator is a key luminous component of the Shanghai high repetition rate x-ray free electron laser and extreme light facility, and the motion control system is an important part of the undulator. The main task of the motion control system is to complete the high precision adjustment of the gap and taper between the upper magnetic pole girder and lower magnetic pole girder, so as to adjust the wavelength of the radiation light. According to the development requirements of the motion control system for the U26 undulator, which is a conventional permanent magnet, this paper proposes a new motion control system with double position feedback closed-loop control, including programmable logic controller (PLC) closed-loop control based on position feedback by a linear absolute encoder (LAE) and driver closed-loop control based on position feedback by a rotary absolute encoder (RAE) of a servo motor. Multiple motion tests of the U26 undulator have shown that the repeatability accuracy of the gap is ±50 nm and the gap drive can reach 0.1 µm step size, the error of which is about ±20 nm according to the feedback of the LAE. The conclusion can be drawn that the motion step size and repeatability accuracy of the motion control system for the U26 undulator are improved by one order of magnitude on the basis of meeting all technical requirements. At the same time, motor torque protection, motor temperature protection, and redundant position protection with RAE can further improve the reliability and safety of the motion control system for the U26 undulator.
The “energy gap law” for mid-infrared nanocrystals
Authors: Kamath Ananth , Guyot-Sionnest Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Colloidal quantum dots are of increasing interest for mid-infrared detection and emission, but device performances will vastly benefit from reducing the non-radiative recombination. Empirically, the photoluminescence quantum yield decreases exponentially toward the mid-infrared, which appears similar to the energy gap law known for molecular fluorescence in the near-infrared. For molecules, the mechanism is electron–vibration coupling and fast internal vibrational relaxation. Here, we explore the possible mechanisms for inorganic quantum dots. The primary mechanism is assigned to an electric dipole near-field energy transfer from the quantum dot electronic transitions to the infrared absorption of surface organic ligands and then to the multiphonon absorption of the quantum dot inorganic core or the surrounding inorganic matrix. In order to obtain luminescent quantum dots in the 3–10 μm range, we motivate the importance of using inorganic matrices, which have a higher infrared transparency compared to organic materials. At longer wavelengths, inter-quantum dot energy transfer is noted to be much faster than radiative relaxation, indicating that bright mid-infrared colloidal quantum dot films might then benefit from dilution.
Cr3+ and Yb3+ co-doped perovskite-like phosphor with improved thermal stability by efficient energy transfer
Authors: Zheng Meijuan , Dong Xiaoling , Wu Dan , Wang Yue , Zhou Wenping , Liu Yifan , Zhang Liangliang 
Published: May 2024

With the development of white light-emitting diode (LED) technology, near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted (pc) LED is becoming a new emerging light source. However, due to the lack of long wavelength components of the phosphors, the application of NIR pc-LED is restricted. In this work, a continuous ultra-broadband NIR emission without the emission gap in the 850–950 nm region has been realized in the Mg4Nb2O9 (MNO):Cr3+, Yb3+ phosphor. Meanwhile, when compared to MNO:Cr3+, an improved internal quantum efficiency (from 55.4% to 72.6%) and thermal stability (from 39% to 63% at 100 °C) have been obtained for MNO:Cr3+, Yb3+, which is attributed to the combined effect of the efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to its nearest Yb3+ and the unique energy levels of Yb3+. The performances of the fabricated pc-LED devices by combining MNO:Cr3+, Yb3+ with 460 nm LED chips were also given, and the results demonstrate that the MNO:Cr3+, Yb3+ phosphor may have potential for practical application in the NIR pc-LED.
Fabrication of 3D engineered intestinal tissue producing abundant mucus by air–liquid interface culture using paper-based dual-layer scaffold
Authors: Nagasawa Mari , Onuki Mai , Imoto Natsuki , Tanaka Kazuomi , Tanaka Ryo , Kawada Moeka , Imato Keiichi , Iitani Kenta , Tsuchido Yuji , Takeda Naoya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fabrication of engineered intestinal tissues with the structures and functions as humans is crucial and promising as the tools for developing drugs and functional foods. The aim of this study is to fabricate an engineered intestinal tissue from Caco-2 cells by air–liquid interface culture using a paper-based dual-layer scaffold and analyze its structure and functions. Just by simply placing on a folded paper soaked in the medium, the electrospun gelatin microfiber mesh as the upper cell adhesion layer of the dual-layer scaffold was exposed to the air, while the lower paper layer worked to preserve and supply the cell culture medium to achieve stable culture over several weeks. Unlike the flat tissue produced using the conventional commercial cultureware, Transwell, the engineered intestinal tissue fabricated in this study formed three-dimensional villous architectures. Microvilli and tight junction structures characteristic of epithelial tissue were also formed at the apical side. Furthermore, compared to the tissue prepared by Transwell, mucus production was significantly larger, and the enzymatic activities of drug metabolism and digestion were almost equivalent. In conclusion, the air–liquid interface culture using the paper-based dual-layer scaffold developed in this study was simple but effective in fabricating the engineered intestinal tissue with superior structures and functions.
Optimizing machining efficiency: a comprehensive study on PVD cathodic arc evaporation coated turning tool inserts with TiAlN/AlCrN multilayer coatings
Authors: R Venkatesh , V Anbumalar , S Rajakarunakaran , J Jerold John Britto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of turning processes in manufacturing depends on the efficiency of cutting tool inserts. Coating these inserts is one common method that has been used to prolong their life span, reduce friction and increase wear resistance. The main purpose of the present study was to enhance the efficiency of turning tool inserts by exploring different combinations of coating substances such as TiAlN, AlCrN, and TiAlN/AlCrN. Cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth and type of coating material were important input parameters for optimization. It was observed that tools with coatings like TiAIN and AlCrN had higher performance than those with single-layered ones. The use of multilayer coated inserts comprising TiAlN/AlCrN increased the hardness but reduced the wear thereby enhancing machining effectiveness. For Taguchi Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) optimization technique with L27 array for hardness and flank wear output parameters aimed at enhancement of input process parameters in turning operations. The coatings crystalline structure, phase composition and other crucial details for their performance were analyzed using Energy Dispersive (EDS) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron (SEM) Microscopy techniques. The TiAlN/AlCrN coatings showed greater machinability than those with only TiAlN or AlCrN, even at high spindle speeds. The best processes were identified using the Taguchi and Grey relational optimization techniques. Some of these parameters include a speed of 600 m min−1, a feed rate of 0.10 mm rev−1, a depth of 1.5 mm, and a TiAlN/AlCrN coating. This meant that the hardness was at 3772 HV while flank wear is 6.45 mm for optimum parameters among others obtained from experiments. The Grey relation analysis results demonstrated significant improvement in grade indicating the good performance of selected parameters. Various relationships can be displayed using contour plots which are usually visual representation between several factors in an experiment such as hardness and wear resistance which is shown by multilayer coating compared to single-layer coatings.
Characterization of the starting conditions of the rainy season in Senegal: highlighting the constraints of crop establishment
Authors: Ndiaye Mame Balla , Sine Bassirou , Sambakhe Diarietou , Diallo Amadou Oury , Muller Bertrand , Sene Modou , Sambou Soussou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The start of the rainy season in Senegal is characterized by critical variability, resulting in many crop failures after seed planting when a long dry spell occurs. The objective of this study is to characterize the starting conditions of the rainy season in different areas of Senegal in relation to crop success at the early stage. An analysis of four seasonal components determined from a daily rainfall database of 95 stations from 1950 to 2015. These seasonal components are the sowing date (Sowing), the Onset of the rainy season date (Onset), the length of the longest dry spell (DryMax), and the total rainfall (TotRain) during the 30 days after sowing. Statistical methods of time series homogeneity determination such as the Pettitt test, the Buishand test, the Von Newmann test, and the segmentation method have been applied to determine actual breakpoints and to obtain the most recent and homogeneous period to define the component in each site. The results indicate that these components have not exhibited statistically significant changes since 1950. Indeed, 3% of the stations show breakpoints for the Sowing, 4% for the TotRain, and 2% for the Onset. The start of the season follows a South East-North West gradient. It begins in the extreme South-East part of the country in the second decade of June while the first waves of sowing take place in the South-East center part from the second half of June. The north zone remains exposed to false start events with important seasonality. In the Northern and Central zones, the early or late character of the sowing passes more on the DryMax than the TotRain. It would be interesting to elucidate the effects of the rainfall regime at the early stage on the rainy season profile to gain better control of the pluvial crop yields.
Evaluation of corrosion potential in near-shore piles and analysis through RSM modelling
Authors: Sharmila S Mary Rebekah , P Vasanthi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Corrosion is a significant problem in marine environments that ultimately leads to structural failure and economic losses. The assessment of the conditions of concrete piles is an essential part of corrosion prevention measures in marine environments. This research investigated the corrosion potential of concrete marine piles using a half-cell potentiometer. Following this, the observed potential values are subjected to RSM modeling. Approximately ten piles were chosen in Chennai Fishing Harbor, and the corrosion potential values along the depth of the piles in three different zones, namely, the atmospheric, splash and submerged zones, were measured at three-month intervals. Based on the visual inspection, the piles were damaged, and minor cracks developed on the surfaces of the concrete due to the dynamic impact of wave action, specifically in the splash zone. From the results obtained in the field for the chosen piles in the fishing harbor, the corrosion potential values are in the range of −361.45 mV to −527.57 mV in the atmospheric zone, − 520.67 mV to −784.85 mV in the splash zone and– 401.23 mV to—631.28 mV in the submerged zone. RSM was noted to be the most accurate predictor with the highest R2 and least errors. The RSM model captured the variability of the data according to the R2 threshold (R2 > 0.9855). The splash zones have higher corrosion potentials and are more prone to corrosion than the other zones.
Vehicle detection in varied weather conditions using enhanced deep YOLO with complex wavelet
Authors: Keerthi Kiran V , Dash Sonali , Parida Priyadarsan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Traffic congestion is prevalent in many major and medium-sized cities throughout different countries in contemporary society. In traffic images, various multi-sized vehicles are tightly clustered together and obstructed from one another. Identifying vehicles in such instances is crucial for urban traffic surveillance, safety monitoring, and legal concerns but it also presents major challenges. The remarkable detection accuracy and efficiency of deep learning-based systems have led to their recent and extensive use in vehicle identification. There are significant advanced YOLO models with different backbone architectures and frameworks developed for vehicle detection. Yet, the performance of YOLO variants are facing the challenges of handling false detection against occluded and densely sophisticated scenarios. The proposed model is developed to address such types of limitations, for example; dynamic illumination, noisy images, and scale sensitivity to improve the vehicle detection rate in different traffic scenarios and varying weather conditions. The proposed study employs an improved YOLOv4 to identify moving vehicles in different lighting conditions including daylight, cloudy, rainy, and night. For hybridization, three techniques are utilized such as the Multiscale Retinex, Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), and Pulse Coupled Neural Networks (PCNN). The DTCWT is employed for multiscale decomposition and to denoise the complex high frequency subband information, then the denoised subbands are reconstructed into a denoised image. The Multiscale retinex is utilized to reduce the halo artifacts on high-contrast edges and maintain the balance with dynamic range compression and color reproduction. The synchronizing pulse burst property of PCNN is used to detect the isolated noisy pixels and modify the detected noisy pixels. From the results it is worth noting that the developed model surpasses state-of-the-art methods in sunny, night, cloudy, and rainy modes. The proposed method using the DTCWT technique can detect the vehicles with mAP of 91.09% and 35FPS.
Exemplary but not Canonical The South African Voters Rights Cases
Authors: Dyzenhaus David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the idea of the constitutional ‘canon’ is deeply problematic and should be replaced with the idea of the ‘exemplary’. Even the latter, however, has its problems. Examples are offered as opportunities for engagement. But these may be refused on the ground that even critical engagement with examples of constitutional cases involves buying in to the thought that some legitimating basis for a political order is at stake, some plausible conception of ‘We, the people’. Several examples come from apartheid South Africa. The chapter also analyses the three ‘Voters Rights’ cases from the late 1950s and sketches their afterlife in two other societies, Rhodesia and Israel, as well as in one of the major works of the last century in philosophy of law, H. L. A. Hart’s The Concept of Law. It concludes by returning to the question of what these cases exemplify—a normatively loaded question. But its normative load, once rendered explicit, makes it a question of more than academic interest. It is also pertinent to practitioners of human rights law.
The Questions of Dignity
Authors: Rudolphy Marcela Prieto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although human dignity is a fundamental value in post-WWII international and domestic constitutional legal orders, there is little agreement about what dignity is and what role it plays in constitutional and international adjudication. This chapter argues that canonical materials on dignity should raise, rather than answer, two questions distinctly associated with dignity: who the bearers of human dignity are and what treatment they deserve due to their dignity. On this basis, the chapter proposes two judgments as canonical: the Colombian Constitutional Court’s decision that decriminalized abortion in three circumstances and the Israeli Supreme Court’s decision on the legality of targeted killing. These two cases raise and discuss the questions of who the bearers of dignity are and what treatment they deserve in significantly different legal contexts. They also provide a comprehensive account of the current debates around dignity, without necessarily solving them. Finally, the chapter argues that the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Deck v. Missouri should be considered part of the anticanon due to its failure to engage with the questions distinctly associated with dignity.
Lüth and the ‘Objective System of Values’
Authors: Möller Kai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In its Lüth judgment of 1958, the German Federal Constitutional Court famously claimed that the German Basic Law erects an ‘objective system of values’ (objektive Wertordnung) in its section on rights. This chapter shows that Lüth was the birth hour of the now globally dominant conception of constitutional rights, according to which rights are not primarily concerned with the limitation of the power of the state (or ‘limited government’) but rather with the adequate protection of the right-holder’s personal autonomy. As an exception to this trend, the chapter considers and discusses the US Supreme Court’s judgment in DeShaney v. Winnebago County of Social Services. It concludes by spelling out some of the implications of the commitment to an autonomy-based conception of rights and outlines how these have been addressed in the theoretical literature in the decades since Lüth was decided, including in the theories of rights as principles (Robert Alexy), judicial review as Socratic contestation and as giving effect to the fundamental right to justification (Mattias Kumm), the culture of justification (Moshe Cohen-Eliya and Iddo Porat, among others), and the global model of constitutional rights (Kai Möller).
HNF4α is required for Tkfc promoter activation by ChREBP
Authors: Tsukamoto Rena , Watanabe Kyoko , Kodaka Manami , Iwase Masamori , Sakiyama Haruhiko , Inoue Yusuke , Suzuki Tsukasa , Yamamoto Yuji , Shimizu Makoto , Sato Ryuichiro , Inoue Jun 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Triokinase/FMN cyclase (Tkfc) is involved in fructose metabolism and is responsible for the phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. In this study, we showed that refeeding induced hepatic expression of Tkfc in mice. Luciferase reporter gene assays using the Tkfc promoter revealed the existence of 2 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-responsive elements (HNF4RE1 and HNF4RE2) and 1 carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP)-responsive element (ChoRE1). Deletion and mutation of HNF4RE1 and HNF4RE2 or ChoRE1 abolished HNF4α and ChREBP responsiveness, respectively. HNF4α and ChREBP synergistically stimulated Tkfc promoter activity. ChoRE1 mutation attenuated but maintained HNF4α responsiveness, whereas HNF4RE1 and HNF4RE2 mutations abolished ChREBP responsiveness. Moreover, Tkfc promoter activity stimulation by ChREBP was attenuated upon HNF4α knockdown. Furthermore, Tkfc expression was decreased in the livers of ChREBP−/− and liver-specific HNF4−/− (Hnf4αΔHep) mice. Altogether, our data indicate that Tkfc is a target gene of ChREBP and HNF4α, and Tkfc promoter activity stimulation by ChREBP requires HNF4α.
The evolution of brood parasitism from host egg predation
Authors: Mouginot Pierick , Galipaud Matthias , Reichard Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Obligate brood parasites pass all their parental duties to foster parents of a host species. While best understood in birds and hymenopteran insects, obligate brood parasitism has evolved independently at least 59 times across many lineages. The ancestors of brood parasites often provided no parental care to their offspring. Instead, a trophic association with their eventual hosts commonly appears to precede the origin of a brood parasitic strategy. Here, we used a game theoretical model to explore the conditions under which brood parasitism can evolve from predation and be maintained in the population. Our model was inspired by the relationship between the cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) parasitizing mouthbrooding cichlid fishes in the African Lake Tanganyika. Our model demonstrates the facilitatory role of host egg predation on the origin and evolutionary maintenance of brood parasitism through the exploitation of the host response to egg predation by brood parasites. We found no conditions under which brood parasitism as a pure strategy is evolutionarily stable, but we describe a range of evolutionarily stable equilibria when predators and parasites coexist. While our model is tailored to the cuckoo catfish, it generally applies to other systems where brood parasitism has evolved from other antagonistic behavior.
Improve-RRBS: a novel tool to correct the 3′ trimming of reduced representation sequencing reads
Authors: Fóthi Ábel , Liu Hongbo , Susztak Katalin , Aranyi Tamas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) is a popular approach to determine DNA methylation of the CpG-rich regions of the genome. However, we observed that false positive differentially methylated sites (DMS) are also identified using the standard computational analysis.

Results
During RRBS library preparation the MspI digested DNA undergo end-repair by a cytosine at the 3′ end of the fragments. After sequencing, Trim Galore cuts these end-repaired nucleotides. However, Trim Galore fails to detect end-repair when it overlaps with the 3′ end of the sequencing reads. We found that these non-trimmed cytosines bias methylation calling, thus, can identify DMS erroneously. To circumvent this problem, we developed improve-RRBS, which efficiently identifies and hides these cytosines from methylation calling with a false positive rate of maximum 0.5%. To test improve-RRBS, we investigated four datasets from four laboratories and two different species. We found non-trimmed 3′ cytosines in all datasets analyzed and as much as &gt;50% of false positive DMS under certain conditions. By applying improve-RRBS, these DMS completely disappeared from all comparisons.

Availability and implementation
Improve-RRBS is a freely available python package https://pypi.org/project/iRRBS/ or https://github.com/fothia/improve-RRBS to be implemented in RRBS pipelines.