bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and outcomes of emergency department patients requiring emergency general surgery: a 5-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fehlmann Christophe A. , Taljaard Monica , McIssac Daniel I. , Suppan Laurent , Andereggen Elisabeth , Dupuis Arnaud , Rouyer Frederic , Eagles Debra , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2024

AIMS: Patients undergoing emergency general surgery are at high risk of complications and death. Our objectives were to estimate the incidence of emergency general surgery in a Swiss University Hospital, to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing such procedures, and to study the impact of age on clinical outcomes.
METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who visited the emergency department (ED) of Geneva University Hospitals between January 2015 and December 2019. Routinely collected data were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was the incidence of emergency general surgery among patients visiting the emergency department, defined as general surgery within three days of emergency department admission. We also assessed demographic characteristics, mortality, intensive care unit admission and patient disposition. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to study the associations of age with intensive care unit (ICU) admission, one-year mortality and dependence at discharge. Age was modelled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines and we compared older patients (75th percentile) with younger patients (25th percentile).
RESULTS: Between January 2015 and December 2019, a total of 310,914 emergency department visits met our inclusion criteria. Among them, 3592 patients underwent emergency general surgery within 3 days of emergency department admission, yielding an annual incidence of 116 events per 10,000 emergency department visits (95% CI: 112–119), with a higher incidence in females and young patients. Overall, 5.3% of patients were admitted to ICU, 7.8% were dependent on rehabilitation or assisted living at discharge and 4.8% were dead after one year. Older patients had a higher risk of ICU admission (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.9 [1.5–5.4]), dependence at discharge (aRR 15.3 [5.5–42.4]) and one-year mortality (aRR 5.4 [2.2–13.4]).
CONCLUSION: Emergency department visits resulting in emergency general surgery are frequent, but their incidence decreases with patient age. Mortality, ICU admission and dependence at discharge following emergency general surgery are more frequent in older patients. Taking into account the increased risk for older patients, a shared process is appropriate for making more informed decisions about their options for care.
Promlčení práva kapitálové obchodní společnosti na splacení vkladu
Authors: Brim Luboš 
Published: April 2024

Jednou z hlavních povinností společníků kapitálových obchodních společností je povinnost poskytnout vklad do základního kapitálu společnosti. Této povinnosti odpovídá právo společnosti na splacení vkladu. Jelikož je právo na splacení vkladu právem majetkové povahy, jehož promlčitelnost zákon nevylučuje a pro něž nestanoví zvláštní promlčecí lhůtu, mělo by v souladu s § 611 OZ podléhat promlčení v obecné promlčecí lhůtě dle § 619 a 629 OZ. V tomto textu zkoumám, zdali přesto nelze nalézt teleologické argumenty, které by nasvědčovaly závěru, že by se právo na splacení vkladu nemělo promlčovat. Dovozuji, že se promlčitelnost práva na splacení vkladu může dostávat do konfliktu s ochranou věřitelů společnosti, avšak toliko je-li společnost v úpadku. K zajištění efektivní ochrany věřitelů společnosti proto není zapotřebí promlčitelnost práva zcela vyloučit, ale pouze omezit právo společníka namítat promlčení vkladové povinnosti v případě, že je společnost v úpadku a právo na splacení vkladu vůči společníku uplatňuje insolvenční správce, postupující s přiměřenou rychlostí. V těchto situacích je nutné pokládat vznesení námitky promlčení společníkem za zneužití práva.
Kauzální nejistota v medicínskoprávních sporech
Authors: Hájková Kateřina 
Published: April 2024

Tento článek se zabývá notoricky známým problémem medicínskoprávních sporů, který pramení z obtížného prokazování příčinné souvislosti mezi postupem lékaře non lege artis a újmou na zdraví pacienta. Existují případy, kdy je kauzalita zřejmá, a tedy jednoduše prokazatelná. Obvykle však jsou kauzální průběhy v poměrech lidského těla natolik složité, a limity lidského poznání jsou natolik nízké, že zpětně nelze příčinné souvislosti mezi různými ději, intervencemi nebo opomenutími s jistotou objasnit. Vzhledem k tomu, že žalujícími jsou v daných sporech o náhradu újmy pacienti, a neexistuje zvláštní pravidlo dělení důkazního břemene, prokazuje příčinnou souvislost dle základního pravidla pacient-žalobce, a často mu hrozí neúspěch ve sporu pro neunesení důkazního břemene ohledně kauzality. Tento článek rozebírá hmotněprávní i procesněprávní způsoby, jak se s problémem kauzální nejistoty vypořádat. Autorka se zde soustředí na doktrínu ztráty šance, dokazování prima facie, snížení míry důkazu a obrácení důkazního břemene ohledně příčinné souvislosti.
Regional innovation ecosystems and technology transfer
Authors: Лукин Н.А. , Будрин А.Г. 
Published: April 2024

в статье раскрывается сущность региональной инновационной экосистемы, изучается ее разновидность, в том числе с учетом роли в иерархии инновационных экосистем по географическому принципу. Изучены научные подходы ряда исследователей в отношении отдельных компонентов региональной инновационной экосистемы. Определен круг участников в подобных инновационных экосистемах на уровне региона, а также выявлены факторы целесообразности развития инновационной экосистемы для экономики региона. Исследование рассматриваемой экосистемы позволило определить роль инновационного характера участия в соответствующем процессе для реализации трансфера технологий. В статье сформулировано отдельное определение региональной инновационной экосистемы и выявлены обязательные условия для ее функционирования на территории региона. Дополнительно изучена роль государственной политики Российской Федерации и ее участия в развитии инновационного потенциала экосистем и стимулировании трансфера технологий в сфере промышленности. Представлен прогноз развития инновационной экосистемы на региональном уровне в Российской Федерации в обозримом будущем и специфика вероятного ее развития. Аргументирована целесообразность и перспективность развития на территории регионов исследуемой экосистемы, как в отношении всех ее участников, так и для развития социально-экономического потенциала региона.
the article reveals the essence of the regional innovation ecosystem, examines its variety, including taking into account the role in the hierarchy of innovative ecosystems according to the geographical principle. The scientific approaches of a number of researchers in relation to individual components of the regional innovation ecosystem have been studied. The range of participants in such innovative ecosystems at the regional level has been determined, and the factors of expediency of developing an innovative ecosystem for the region's economy have been identified. The study of the ecosystem under consideration made it possible to determine the role of the innovative nature of participation in the relevant process for the implementation of technology transfer. The article formulates a separate definition of the regional innovation ecosystem and identifies the mandatory conditions for its functioning in the region. The role of the state policy of the Russian Federation and its participation in the development of the innovative potential of ecosystems and the stimulation of the transfer of technologies in the field of industry is additionally studied. The forecast of the development of the innovation ecosystem at the regional level in the Russian Federation in the foreseeable future and the specifics of its probable development are presented. The expediency and prospects of the development of the ecosystem under study in the regions are argued, both in relation to all its participants and for the development of the socio-economic potential of the region.
Digital technologies in the oil and gas industry and their role in marketing fuel business
Authors: Павлов Е.А. 
Published: April 2024

целью данной статьи является определение понятия «цифровая технология», рассмотрение ключевых цифровых технологий, анализ элементов концепции цикла «Норд», известного также как «Петля Бойда» (наблюдение, ориентация, решение, действие) на примере деятельности нефтегазовой компании, включая маркетинговую аналитику, описание подхода к поиску и внедрению новых технологий в компании. Методы: при написании статьи использовался метод анализа нормативно-правовых актов, научной литературы, статей, исследований, статистических данных и лучших практик, благодаря которым было осуществлено определение понятия «цифровые технологии», получена статистика их внедрения в российских компаниях, проанализированы тренды и перспективы их развития. Результаты: проведен анализ понятия цифровые технологии, выделены наиболее популярные и востребованные из них в крупных компаниях, разобрана «Петля Бойда» с точки зрения применения технологий, включая маркетинговую аналитику, описан процесс внедрения технологий. Выводы: с помощью технологий можно быстрее, безопаснее и эффективнее решать возникающие задачи и выполнять существенный объем работы в различных областях, в том числе в области маркетинга и анализа клиентов. Цикл управления с помощью технологий гораздо короче. При этом для развития технологий необходимы, в первую очередь, люди, заинтересованные и замотивированные на работу с ними.
the purpose of this article is to define the concept of "digital technology", to consider key digital technologies, to analyze the elements of the concept of the Nord cycle, also known as the "Boyd Loop" (observation, orientation, decision, action) using the example of an oil and gas company, including marketing analytics, to describe an approach to the search and implementation of new technologies in the company. Methods: when writing the article, the method of analyzing normative legal acts, scientific literature, articles, research, statistical data and best practices was used, thanks to which the definition of the concept of "digital technologies" was carried out, statistics of their implementation in oil and gas companies were obtained, trends and prospects for their development were analyzed. Results: the concept of digital technologies is analyzed, the most popular and in-demand of them in large companies are highlighted, the "Boyd Loop" is analyzed from the point of view of technology application, including marketing analytics, the process of technology implementation is described. Conclusions: with the help of technology, it is possible to solve emerging problems faster, safer and more efficiently and perform a significant amount of work in various fields, including marketing and customer analysis. The management cycle with technology is much shorter. At the same time, technology development requires, first of all, people who are interested and motivated to work with them.
England and the Isovist
Authors: Carlsson Moa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During the late 1950s and 60s, when the harsh encroachment of industrialisation in rural areas reached a new peak, landscape architecture, design and urban planning were sought out by industrialists as means to improve deteriorating public relations. Facing the contentious task of integrating large industrial structures—coal and nuclear power stations, pylons and power lines, coal mines, spoil heaps, motorways and oil terminals—the hired practitioners were asked to put their design skills and sensibilities to use in new ways. This chapter tells of how methods of perceiving, recording and describing scenery rationally and geometrically came to the fore in the siting of industrial projects, and in landscape planning more broadly. Geometry and abstraction offered landscape architects and planners, first, a new way of understanding the changing landscape, which corresponds with a broader turn to systematic and science-based planning during the post-war period. It also offered the practitioners a new way of capturing landscape change geometrically in charts and diagrams. The chapter traces how this new way of assessing scenery abstractly with properties and relations between points and lines, manifested in new ways of graphically simulating, predicting and ultimately controlling rural landscape change during the 1960s and 70s.
Theoretical Linguistics in Non-University Education
Authors: Corr Alice , Pineda Anna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Linguistics in Schools (LiS) as an educational movement and research field, and discusses the place of ‘theoretical linguistics’ (or TLiS) within it. The chapter serves to situate the TLiS project as it is understood in the present book in terms of i) its relationship to the discipline of linguistics (and beyond); and ii) its rationale, as expressed by advocates of incorporating theoretical linguistics into pre-university education. It also considers some wider aspects of implementing TLiS in practice. Insights from the volume’s component chapters are interwoven throughout these discussions. The chapter ends with an outline of the thematic and structural organization of the volume, and offers synopses of the collection’s individual contributions.
Building Equity in Theoretical Linguistics and the Classroom
Authors: Holliday Nicole , Fisher Sabriya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The contested status of particular languages and linguistic varieties in classrooms across the world is a subject of intense interest on the part of linguists, educators, and members of the public alike. This chapter discusses the way linguistic variation operates and/or breaks down in school settings as well as the wider social consequences of how language is seen in the classroom. The chapter examines the ways in which language practices that do not serve a diverse set of students may be addressed, as well as suggests a number of types of interventions that may begin to improve linguistic equity in school settings. In particular, it focuses on the role of linguistics as an arena for addressing issues of equality, diversity and inclusion in the pre-university classroom.
Levelling Up the Modern Languages Curriculum through Linguistics in a UK Classroom
Authors: Swainston Janette , Kasstan Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter has two aims: (a) it offers an overview of a pilot project that was designed to introduce linguistics into the ‘Modern Foreign Languages’ (MFL) provision in a sample of UK schools, and (b) it reports on one teacher’s own experiences, observations and conclusions after having delivered on the project for two successive academic years. The pilot - ‘Linguistics in MFL Project’ - is a cross-Higher-Education initiative led by academic linguists who designed a four-session mini-course in Romance and Germanic linguistics for A-level students (16-18 years) in the UK. The course covers foundations of linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics), providing content in English, and activities in the target language. The first author – in their capacity as a an MFL teacher and project participant – reports on the benefits, as they see it, offered by a linguistic-theoretic approach to the teaching and learning of additional languages within the UK-curriculum context, before concluding with how their own teaching ethos and practices have evolved over the course of the pilot. The chapter concludes by highlighting some limitations in the existing curriculum for the delivery of languages provision, and offers some recommendations for change.
Emission Reduction, Safety, and System Redundancy: Battery in Offshore Wind Service Operation Vessels (SOV) and Offshore Oil and Gas Vessels
Authors: Kwik Irwan 
Published: April 2024

Battery implementation in offshore oil and gas vessels has been in the market for almost a decade. The battery provides system redundancy and safety and, at the same time, improves fuel efficiency and supports carbon reduction efforts in the oil and gas industry.
In Offshore Wind Service Operation Vessels, use of battery technology is still relatively new and has been implemented only within the last three to five years.
The battery design and actual battery operation in both industries will be compared in this article in terms of battery utilization to reduce emissions and to provide additional safety and system redundancy.
The article presents data analysis of actual battery operations from both segments, Offshore Wind Service Operation Vessels and oil and gas vessels, with data collected from a Corvus visualization tool that compiles operational data from a worldwide base of installed marine battery systems. The comparisons will cover the following topics:
1) electrical design and its operation (open bus versus closed bus); 2) battery capacity; battery charge and discharge powers (kW), and respective current (Amps); and energy (kWh); 3) Emission reduction and fuel efficiency; 4) lastly, the paper will review the battery notation and approval from the class societies that dictate safety and redundancy standards for both applications.
Several graphs will provide visual observations of the battery operation in both segments. Based on the data visualization, the analysis will be drawn. The study will highlight the system differences, operator familiarity with battery operation, system adoption, and daily operational usage to promote fuel efficiency and emission reduction.
The paper will conclude with the importance of matching the battery design profile to the operational load profile, or actual planned system use. which can drive higher fuel efficiency and emission reduction.
The battery as energy storage plays an essential role in improving energy efficiency and supporting carbon reduction efforts. Battery-powered, all-electric operations produce zero emissions and consume zero fuel, enabling Hybrid systems that leverage battery power to significantly reduce emissions and fuel use.
There are specific lessons learned from battery implementation in the oil and gas industry that can be applied in the offshore wind industry to accelerate battery technology adoption. It is recommended that both industries – offshore wind and offshore oil and gas – exchange battery operational information to improve safety and redundancy and to optimize fuel efficiency, battery performance, and operational cost savings.
PENGAWASAN DAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA TERHADAP PERTAMBANGAN TIMAH ILEGAL DI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Syaiful , Sari Rafiqa , Satrio Ndaru 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop supervision and accountability towards the environment in a legal state dimension and to determine the ideal form of accountability for illegal miners in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. Illegal mining activities damage environmental quality standards both on land and in coastal areas. Based on this, it will become a derivative problem of the mining activity related to civil supervision and accountability for mining activities on land and in coastal areas. This research is a normative juridical study, with data collection methods through library research. The form of environmental supervision of illegal mining can be applied in a sustainable legal state dimension through the integration process of systems, increasing human resource capacity and proving environmental problems preventively and protectively. The ideal form of civil liability can be carried out through litigation and non-litigation, but strengthening is needed through litigation decisions by conducting rehabilitation, reclamation, restoration, and recovery.
Keywords: Supervision, Liability, Illegal Mining
PARAREL PROSESING SEBAGAI METODE DALAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA CPU (CENTRAL PROSESING UNIT) , STUDI KASUS : KINERJA STEGANOGRAFI
Authors: Asmawati Ari , Susanto Fredy 
Published: April 2024

Hardware atau peripheral adalah penyedia sumber daya untuk komputasi.Hardware merupakan benda yang dapat dilihat dan disentuh.Software adalah sarana yang memberitahukan hardware apa yang harus dikerjakannya. Berbeda dengan hardware, software adalah sesuatu yang abstrak.Dan hanya dapat dilihat dari apa yang dilakukannya terhadap hardware. Software dibagi lagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu sistem operasi dan program aplikasi.Sistem Operasi adalah software yang bertugas mengontrol dan mengkoordinasikan pengunaan hardware untuk berbagai Aplikasi untuk bermacam-macam pengguna.Sementara program aplikasi, adalah Software yang menentukan bagaimana sumber daya digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah user. Kemudian , brainware/user adalah pengguna komputer. Ia bisa berupa manusia, mesin lain, atau komputer lain. Dalam meningkatkanjumlah suatu proses yang dapat diselesaikan dalam satu unit waktu (pertambahan throughput ). Perlu diingat hal ini tidak berarti daya komputasinya menjadi meningkat sejumlah prosesornya.Yang meningkat adalah jumlah pekerjaan yang bisa dilakukannya dalam waktu tertentu.Maka diperlukan dan pengembangan sistem prosesor dengan berbagi pengerjaan secara pararel.
Kata kunci : multiprosesor, pararel, steganografi.
JURIDICAL OVERVIEW OF CARBON TRADING PROCEDURES VIA CARBON EXCHANGE
Authors: Karim Abdul 
Published: April 2024

The carbon trading mechanism is one of three ways to reduce emissions stipulated by the United Nations (UN) climate agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, on 11 December 1997. This world agreement was ratified by Indonesia into Law Number 17 of 2004 concerning Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). This international agreement continues with the Paris Agreement To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) which has also been ratified by Indonesia with Law Number 16 of 2016.
However, it is a shame that the carbon trading mechanism is not widely known to many actors, so the volume of carbon trading has not yet grown. One of the reasons is the lack of literacy in the carbon trading system. This research is doctrinal research with the aim of uncovering facts regarding the mechanism and trading system of Carbon Trading through the Carbon Exchange in order to provide a comprehensive understanding to the public. The results of the research show that the Carbon Trading mechanism through the Carbon Exchange in Indonesia has been implemented but is still relatively new. There are several regulations issued by several different institutions. The intensity of Carbon Trading activities through the Carbon Exchange shows that conditions are only in the introduction stage, and have not yet grown significantly. The author recommends that carbon trading socialization activities be carried out in a structured, systematic and massive manner so that people quickly understand and can ultimately take advantage of the economic opportunities contained in carbon trading.
Keywords: stock exchange, carbon, trade