bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pigment identification and decoration analysis of a 5th century Chinese lacquer painting screen: a micro‐Raman and FTIR study
Authors: Li Tao , Xie Yun‐Feng , Yang Yi‐Min , Wang Chang‐Sui , Fang Xiao‐Yang , Shi Ji‐Long , He Qiu‐Ju 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo investigate the pigments and decoration applied to a wood‐based lacquer painting screen from the tomb of Si‐ma Jin‐long, Shanxi Province, central China, made by Chinese craftsmen in the 5th century, a combination of micro‐Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF), and microscopic examination was used. The obtained results are as follows: (1) the black, yellow, and red colors are identified as carbon black, orpiment and realgar, and cinnabar, respectively, by using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR result shows that the white pigment filled in the leaves is not lead white, as assumed in the literature, but gypsum. Whether lead white was used at other locations remains unanswered and requires more samples for further work; (2) the thickness of each discernable pigment layer, as observed under the microscope, is approximately equal and the differences among them are small, suggesting a superfine painting skill; besides, a noticeable smooth interface between wood and the red grounding substance indicates that a polishing process might have been applied before the painting; (3) the red background was proved to contain cinnabar, but further FTIR analyses found no evidence for the presence of Chinese wood oil; and (4) the most interesting finding, rarely reported before, is that white grains of different sizes are found in both pigment layers and the grounding substance, which are perhaps an intentional addition. Further, in situ XRF and Raman analyses indicate that they are sourced from hydroxyapatite, coming probably from the intentional addition of animal bone ash to the lacquer. But how such a process could be finished and what purpose it served have not yet been answered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral finnemanite Pb5(As3+O3)3Cl
Authors: Bahfenne Silmarilly , Frost Ray L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe arsenite mineral finnemanite Pb5(As3+ O3)3Cl has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The most intense Raman band at 871 cm−1 is assigned to the ν1(AsO3)3− symmetric stretching vibration. Three Raman bands at 898, 908 and 947 cm−1 are assigned to the ν3(AsO3)3− antisymmetric stretching vibration. The observation of multiple antisymmetric stretching vibrations suggest that the (AsO3)3− units are not equivalent in the molecular structure of finnemanite. Two Raman bands at 383 and 399 cm−1are assigned to the ν2(AsO3)3− bending modes. Density functional theory enabled calculation of the position of AsO32− symmetric stretching mode at 839 cm−1, the antisymmetric stretching mode at 813 cm−1 and the deformation mode at 449 cm−1. Raman bands are observed at 115, 145, 162, 176, 192, 216 and 234 cm−1 as well. The two most intense bands are observed at 176 and 192 cm−1. These bands are assigned to PbCl stretching vibrations and result from transverse/longitudinal splitting. The bands at 145 and 162 cm−1 may be assigned to ClPbCl bending modes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering of trans‐p‐coumaric and syringic acids
Authors: Clavijo R. E. , Ross D. J. , Aroca R. F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe vibrational spectra of trans‐p‐coumaric acid (pCA) and syringic acid (SA) are discussed. The spectral fingerprints of the organic acids observed in the infrared and Raman spectra are assigned to fundamental vibrational wavenumbers supported by quantum chemical computations. The average surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectra of both acids have been obtained on silver colloidal solutions and the interpretation of the spectra is presented based on complementary Raman spectra and computational results for the silver salts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactulose as a food ingredient
Authors: Olano Agustín , Corzo Nieves 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLactulose is a synthetic ketose disaccharide that can be obtained from lactose by different methods of synthesis. Chemical methods are based on the isomerization of lactose in the presence of basic catalysts and enzymatic methods using lactose as a galactose donor and fructose as an acceptor. The prebiotic properties of lactulose have been known for more than 50 years and numerous studies have confirmed several health benefits of lactulose as a food ingredient, including selective stimulation of intestinal flora, laxative effect and improvement of calcium absorption. Its use in fermented milk manufacture may reduce the incubation period and favour the growth of bifidobacteria. The synthesis of lactulose‐derived oligosaccharides may provide a new group of prebiotics with properties complementary to those of native lactulose. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Adverse childhood events are associated with obesity and disordered eating: Results from a U.S. population‐based survey of young adults
Authors: Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Dedert Eric , McClernon F. Joseph , Beckham Jean C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe authors investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and obesity in young adulthood (M age = 22) in a large, U.S. representative sample (N = 15,197). Controlling for demographics and depression, men with a history of childhood sexual abuse were at increased risk of overweight and obesity. No association between childhood abuse and obesity or overweight was observed for women in this sample. Higher percentages of skipping meals to lose weight and problematic eating were observed among women with a history of physical abuse. This is the first study to note an association between childhood abuse with obesity and problematic weight management behaviors in a sample of young adults.
The relationship of posttraumatic growth to peritraumatic reactions and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Sri Lankan university students
Authors: McCaslin Shannon E. , de Zoysa Piyanjali , Butler Lisa D. , Hart Stacey , Marmar Charles R. , Metzler Thomas J. , Koopman Cheryl 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe relationships of posttraumatic growth to peritraumatic reactions and posttraumatic stress symptoms were examined in 93 Sri Lankan university students who had experienced a traumatic life event. Posttraumatic growth was associated with peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms, but was not associated with peritraumatic emotional distress. Results indicated a curvilinear relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic growth and between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth. In a regression model predicting posttraumatic growth scores, each of the quadratic relationships of peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms to posttraumatic growth were statistically significant, and combined accounted for 22% of the variance. Results suggest that moderate levels of peritraumatic dissociation and symptoms are most associated with the greatest levels of growth.
Work limitations in employed persons seeking treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wald Jaye 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis preliminary study examined work limitations in 27 employed persons seeking treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the Work Limitations Questionnaire (Lerner et al., 2001). Results showed that this sample experienced an impaired ability to perform time management demands, output demands, and mental‐interpersonal demands at work. This study adds new knowledge on the scope of work impairment of PTSD and identifies the important need for developing work‐focused measurement tools and interventions.
Treatment of hypertrophic and resistant port wine stains with a 755 nm laser: A case series of 20 patients
Authors: Izikson Leonid , Nelson J. Stuart , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePort wine stains (PWS) are heterogeneous vascular malformations that can be treated with vascular‐selective pulsed dye lasers (PDL). Hypertrophic PWS, especially in adults, are consistently less responsive to PDL. Furthermore, many PWS that respond well initially to PDL treatment may reach a response plateau, becoming unresponsive to further PDL treatments, a phenomenon termed “treatment resistance.” Based on the theory of selective photothermolysis, vessels in such lesions may also be specifically targeted with a 755 nm laser that has selectivity for deoxyhemoglobin as well as oxyhemoglobin and increased depth of skin penetration.Study Design/Patients and MethodsRetrospective case review of 20 patients with either hypertrophic or PDL‐resistant PWS treated with a 755 nm laser alone or in combination with other lasers, including PDL.ResultsHypertrophic PWS showed significant lightening after treatment with a 755 nm laser in combination with PDL. Most PDL‐resistant PWS showed moderate improvement after treatment with either a 755 nm laser alone or in combination with another laser, including PDL. Some lesions showed only mild improvement or did not respond. Serious side effects were infrequent. Most commonly encountered complications included pain, edema, bullae, crusting, and rare scarring.ConclusionsAlexandrite 755 nm laser can be useful for the treatment of hypertrophic and treatment‐resistant PWS in adult and pediatric patients. Complications are infrequent and predictable. Careful attention to using a fluence at or near the threshold for clinical response with this deeply penetrating laser is essential to prevent serious sequelae. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:427–432, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Hyperbranched Epoxide‐Amine Adducts
Authors: Theis Julia , Ritter Helmut , Klee Joachim E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHyperbranched epoxide‐amine adducts were synthesized by a one‐pot microwave (MW) assisted reaction. 4‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl‐1‐oxy)benzonitrile was hydrogenated using Pd/C under microwave conditions, forming the AB2 monomer 1‐aminomethyl‐4‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl‐1‐oxy)benzene. Depending on the reaction temperature this monomer immediately reacts to give hyperbranched epoxide‐amine adducts. Mass spectrometric investigations proved the formation of a homologous series of oligomers containing up to six repeating units. Due to the complexing properties of the poly(amino alcohol) moieties in the presence of Cu2+ ions, large aggregates were formed.magnified image
A Triphenylamine‐Based Conjugated Polymer with Donor‐π‐Acceptor Architecture as Organic Sensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wei , Fang Zhen , Su Mingjuan , Saeys Mark , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA conjugated polymer containing an electron donating backbone (triphenylamine) and an electron accepting side chain (cyanoacetic acid) with conjugated thiophene units as the linkers has been synthesized. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated utilizing this material as the dye sensitizer, resulting a typical power conversion efficiency of 3.39% under AM 1.5 G illumination, which represents the highest efficiency for polymer dye‐sensitized DSSCs reported so far. The results show the good promise of conjugated polymers as sensitizers for DSSC applications.magnified image
Three‐Dimensional Polycaprolactone Hierarchical Scaffolds Supplemented with Natural Biomaterials to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation
Authors: Yoon Hyeon , Ahn SeungHyun , Kim GeunHyung 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA hybrid technology that combines a three‐dimensional (3‐D) dispensing system with an electrospinning process was used to produce a hierarchical 3‐D scaffold consisting of micro‐sized polycaprolactone (PCL) strands and micro/nano‐sized fibres. The micro/nanofibre biocomposites electrospun with PCL/small intestine submucosa (SIS) and PCL/Silk fibroin were layered between melt‐plotted micro‐strands. The scaffold containing SIS exhibited a stronger hydrophilic property than other scaffolds due to the various hydrophilic components in SIS. The 3‐D hierarchical scaffold having biocomposites exhibited an incredibly enhanced initial cell attachment and proliferation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells relative to the normally designed 3‐D scaffold.magnified image
Reactive Hydrogel Networks for the Fabrication of Metal–Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Tarnavchyk Ihor , Voronov Andriy , Kohut Ananiy , Nosova Nataliya , Varvarenko Serhiy , Samaryk Volodymyr , Voronov Stanislav 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, highly stable gold and silver nanoparticles evenly distributed within a crosslinked poly(acrylamide)/poly(N‐(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide) (PAAm‐PHMAAm) network have been fabricated without addition of a reducing agent. Remarkably, the same chemical hydrogel composition has been involved in the successful fabrication of spherical gold and silver nanoparticles within the hydrogel template. The hydrogel network acts simultaneously as an efficient reducing agent and stabilizer. The PAAm–PHMAAm hydrogel network binds metal ions and, following reduction of bound to crosslinked template metal ions, proceeds via oxidation of hydroxymethyl hydrogel fragments. A one‐electron mechanism is proposed for the formation of the silver and gold nanoparticles.magnified image
Measuring SPIO and Gd contrast agent magnetization using 3 T MRI
Authors: Cantillon‐Murphy Pádraig , Wald Lawrence L. , Zahn Markus , Adalsteinsson Elfar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTraditional methods of measuring magnetization in magnetic fluid samples, such as vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), are typically limited to maximum field strengths of about 1 T. This work demonstrates the ability of MRI to measure the magnetization associated with two commercial MRI contrast agents at 3 T by comparing analytical solutions to experimental imaging results for the field pattern associated with agents in cylindrical vials. The results of the VSM and fitted MRI data match closely. The method represents an improvement over VSM measurements since results are attainable at imaging field strengths. The agents investigated are Feridex, a superparamagnetic iron oxide suspension used primarily for liver imaging, and Magnevist, a paramagnetic, gadolinium‐based compound used for tumors, inflammation and vascular lesions. MR imaging of the agents took place in sealed cylindrical vials in the presence of a surrounding volume of deionized water where the effects of the contrast agents had a measurable effect on the water's magnetization in the vicinity of the compartment of contrast agent. A pair of phase images were used to reconstruct a B0 fieldmap. The resultant B0 maps in the water region, corrected for shimming and container edge effects, were used to predict the agent's magnetization at 3 T. The results were compared with the results from VSM measurements up to 1.2 T and close correlation was observed. The technique should be of interest to those seeking quantification of the magnetization associated with magnetic suspensions beyond the traditional scope of VSM. The magnetization needs to be sufficiently strong (Ms ≳ 50 Am2/kg Fe for Feridex and Xm ≳ 5 × 10−5 m3/kg Gd for Magnevist) for a measurable dipole field in the surrounding water. For this reason, the technique is mostly suitable for undiluted agents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design issues and performance analysis for DSR routing with reclaim‐based caching in MANETs
Authors: Yang Shin‐Jer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been positioned as one of the most important emerging wireless communication scenarios. Temporally formed by a collection of wireless mobile hosts, a MANET does not require the aid of any centralized administration. From this stems a suite of challenges in achieving an efficient MANET routing and content delivery in order to make the best use of precious resources and reduce the routing overhead at each MANET host. One of the reported approaches for solving the issue is the use of caching, which is expected to minimize the routing overhead by taking advantage of the limited memory at each mobile host. This paper introduces a novel scheme for addressing the above issue, called Reclaim‐Based Caching (RBC) policy, which dynamically utilizes a cache replacement mechanism of reclaiming stale routes to efficiently verify and validate a recoverable caching mechanism in Dynamic Source Routing. The main design purposes of RBC are to reduce the routing control overhead, lower the end‐to‐end routing delay, enhance the packet delivery ratio, and obtain a higher throughput for improving routing performance and accelerating the Route Discovery process due to low temporary link failure and high cache utilization. Hence, we can gather all feasible and historical route information into the cache library to be reclaimed as a threshold of efficient routing control. Consequently, the proposed RBC of this paper can be used in the universal wireless network environment to achieve better routing performance and to provide a more flexible real‐time application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined three‐dimensional lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method for modelling fluid–particle interactions with experimental assessment
Authors: Feng Y. T. , Han K. , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA general algorithmic framework is established in this paper for numerical simulations of three‐dimensional fluid–particle interaction problems with a large number of moving particles in turbulent flows using a combined lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and discrete element method (DEM). In this approach, the fluid field is solved by the extended three‐dimensional LBM with the incorporation of the Smagorinsky turbulence model, while particle interactions are modelled by the DEM. The hydrodynamic interactions between fluid and particles are realized through the extension of an existing two‐dimensional fluid–particle hydrodynamic interaction scheme. The main computational aspects comprise the lattice Boltzmann formulation for the solution of fluid flows, the incorporation of a large eddy simulation‐based turbulence model within the framework of the three‐dimensional LBM for turbulent flows, the moving boundary condition for hydrodynamic interactions between fluid and moving particles, and the discrete element modelling of particle‐particle interactions. To assess the solution accuracy of the proposed approach, a much simplified laboratory model of vacuum dredging systems for mineral recovery is employed. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data available. It shows that the overall correspondence between numerical results and experimental measurements is good and thus indicates, to a certain extent, the solution accuracy of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal time switching control for multi‐reaction batch process
Authors: Mazouni D. , Harmand J. , Rapaport A. , Hammouri H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for solving minimal time problems for biological batch models with switching controls. Multi‐reaction processes operated in a sequence of operating modes are considered, where the control variable is the switch between different operating modes. In order to determine the optimal switching instants that minimize the final time to reach the target, a reachability analysis and a study of dynamical properties are first investigated. This leads to a reduced model and the characterization of reachable switching sequences. Optimization tools are then used to determine the optimal switching instants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteosarcoma originates from mesenchymal stem cells in consequence of aneuploidization and genomic loss of Cdkn2
Authors: Mohseny Alexander B , Szuhai Karoly , Romeo Salvatore , Buddingh Emilie P , Briaire‐de Bruijn Inge , de Jong Daniëlle , van Pel Melissa , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHigh‐grade osteosarcoma is characterized by extensive genetic instability, thereby hampering the identification of causative gene mutations and understanding of the underlying pathological processes. It lacks a benign precursor lesion and reports on associations with hereditary predisposition or germline mutations are uncommon, despite the early age of onset. Here we demonstrate a novel comprehensive approach for the study of premalignant stages of osteosarcoma development in a murine mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) system that formed osteosarcomas upon grafting. By parallel functional and phenotypic analysis of normal MSCs, transformed MSCs and derived osteosarcoma cells, we provide substantial evidence for a MSC origin of osteosarcoma. In a stepwise approach, using COBRA–FISH karyotyping and array CGH in different passages of MSCs, we identified aneuploidization, translocations and homozygous loss of the cdkn2 region as the key mediators of MSC malignant transformation. We then identified CDKN2A/p16 protein expression in 88 osteosarcoma patients as a sensitive prognostic marker, thereby bridging the murine MSCs model to human osteosarcoma. Moreover, occasional reports in patients mention osteosarcoma formation following bone marrow transplantation for an unrelated malignancy. Our findings suggest a possible hazard for the clinical use of MSCs; however, they also offer new opportunities to study early genetic events in osteosarcoma genesis and, more importantly, to modulate these events and record the effect on tumour progression. This could be instrumental for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies, since the success of the current therapies has reached a plateau phase. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐transplant EBV‐related lymphoproliferative disorder complicating umbilical cord blood transplantation in patients of adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Cheng Frankie Wai Tsoi , Lee Vincent , To Ka Fai , Chan K.C. Allen , Shing Ming Kong , Li Chi Kong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEBV‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well‐recognized complication following solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using bone marrow or peripheral blood as stem cell sources, but rarely reported in umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). We report two cases in unrelated UCBT setting and added the following new information to the literature: (i) EBV‐related PTLD can be presented late in recipients of unrelated UCBT; (ii) in contrast to reported literatures that PTLD is a serious complication with unfavorable outcome, especially in monomorphic form, our cases showed that the clinical course may be relatively benign if treatment is initiated promptly. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1329–1331. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.