bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11. Topical Meeting Optical Interference Coatings (OIC)
Authors: Kaiser Norbert , Ristau Detlev 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie OIC wird alle drei Jahre von der Optical Society of America (OSA) veranstaltet. Sie ist die wichtigste internationale Plattform für Forschung und Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der optischen Dünnschichttechnologie. Neben den zahlreichen fachlichen Beiträgen bietet die OIC auch Wettbewerbe zum Design, zur Herstellung und zur Charakterisierung optischer Beschichtungen, die im Vorfeld der Tagung unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Problemstellungen der optischen Technologien ausgeschrieben werden. Diese Wettbewerbe werden unter engagierter Beteiligung der internationalen Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft durchgeführt und reflektieren in Ihren Ergebnissen, die anlässlich der Tagung veröffentlicht und diskutiert werden, jeweils den neusten Stand der optischen Dünnschichttechnologie. Insgesamt ist die OIC damit ein zuverlässiger Indikator für neue Trends und Innovationen in der modernen Optik.
Distal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis with the Herbert Headless Compression Screw: Outcomes and Complications in 64 Consecutively Treated Joints
Authors: Kocak Ergun , Carruthers Katherine H. , Kobus Raymond J. 
Published: October 2010

Background Arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint is indicated for the treatment of arthritis. While several techniques have been recommended, the use of headless compression screws has grown in popularity. Rates of union reported vary widely, ranging from 80% to 100%, with most studies based on small series. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes and complications associated with DIP joint arthrodesis using the Herbert headless compression screw in a large case series. Methods The medical charts, surgical reports, and X-rays for patients undergoing DIP joint arthrodesis with a Herbert screw between January 1996 and May 2006 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency and types of complications. All operations were performed by the senior author at a single institution. Results Of 64 joints in 51 patients that were treated with the Herbert screw, a total of 95% ( n=61) went on to union. Union within 3 months occurred in 89% ( n=57) while delayed union (between 3 and 6 months) occurred in 6% ( n=4). Nonunion requiring subsequent revision arthrodesis occurred in 5% ( n=3). Screw removal for symptomatic hardware was required in 8% ( n=5). Conclusions Fusion of the DIP joint with the Herbert screw can be achieved at rates that are comparable to other techniques and other headless compressive screws. However, while complications do occur, the Herbert screw provides an acceptable rate of union and ease of operative technique, making it a suitable procedure for DIP joint arthrodesis.
The genusCatapyreniums. lat. (Verrucariaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
Authors: PRIETO María , ARAGÓN Gregorio , MARTÍNEZ Isabel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA taxonomic treatment of the genera included inCatapyreniums. lat. in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands is provided, based on study ofc. 2000 specimens from both herbaria and fresh material collected by the authors from 2005 to 2009 in numerous localities.A total of 33 species belonging to six of the eight genera included inCatapyreniums. lat. are present in the region, which correspond toc. 80% of species from Europe. The genera areAnthracocarponBreuss,CatapyreniumFlot. (Catapyreniums. str.),HeteroplacidiumBreuss,InvolucropyreniumBreuss,NeocatapyreniumH. Harada andPlacidiumA. Massal. The genusNeocatapyreniumis reported for the first time from this region.Clavascidium liratum, the only representative of the genusClavascidiumin the region, has been reduced to synonymy withAnthracocarpon virescens.Heteroplacidium acervatum, H. congestumandNeocatapyrenium cladonioideumare new to Europe.Involucropyrenium pusillum, only previously known from Austria,I. waltheri, an arctic-alpine species, andNeocatapyrenium latzelii, known from Croatia and Greece, are cited for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula.Placidium subrufescensandP. tenellum,two mainly Mediterranean species, are also new records from the Iberian Peninsula.Placidium boccanumis here for the first time cited in Spain, andAnthracocarpon virescens,Heteroplacidium contumescens,Placidium imbecillumandP. micheliiare new to Portugal. Most of the remaining species showed a considerable expansion of their known ranges.Placidium pyrenaicumis reduced to synonymy withP. velebiticum.Keys to genera and species occurring in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are presented.
Testing a developmental cascade model of emotional and social competence and early peer acceptance
Authors: Blandon Alysia Y. , Calkins Susan D. , Grimm Kevin J. , Keane Susan P. , O'Brien Marion 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA developmental cascade model of early emotional and social competence predicting later peer acceptance was examined in a community sample of 440 children across the ages of 2 to 7. Children's externalizing behavior, emotion regulation, social skills within the classroom and peer acceptance were examined utilizing a multitrait–multimethod approach. A series of longitudinal cross-lag models that controlled for shared rater variance were fit using structural equation modeling. Results indicated there was considerable stability in children's externalizing behavior problems and classroom social skills over time. Contrary to expectations, there were no reciprocal influences between externalizing behavior problems and emotion regulation, although higher levels of emotion regulation were associated with decreases in subsequent levels of externalizing behaviors. Finally, children's early social skills also predicted later peer acceptance. Results underscore the complex associations among emotional and social functioning across early childhood.
Cascading effects following intervention
Authors: Patterson Gerald R. , Forgatch Marion S. , DeGarmo David S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFour different sources for cascade effects were examined using 9-year process and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention using the Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO™). The social interaction learning model of child antisocial behavior serves as one basis for predicting change. A second source addresses the issue of comorbid relationships among clinical diagnoses. The third source, collateral changes, describes events in which changes in one family member correlate with changes in another. The fourth component is based on the long-term effects of reducing coercion and increasing positive interpersonal processes within the family. New findings from the 9-year follow-up show that mothers experienced benefits as measured by standard of living (i.e., income, occupation, education, and financial stress) and frequency of police arrests. It is assumed that PMTO reduces the level of coercion, which sets the stage for a massive increase in positive social interaction. In effect, PMTO alters the family environment and thereby opens doors to healthy new social environments.
Spectrum of paediatric cardiac diseases: a study of 15,066 children undergoing cardiac intervention at a tertiary care centre in India with special emphasis on gender
Authors: Kiran Viralam S. , Nath Parrimala P. , Maheshwari Sunita 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the relative frequency and gender ratios in the procedures (both surgical and catheter-based interventions) performed for cardiac diseases in Indian children.BackgroundNot many studies are available in the developing countries with regard to the prevalence, relative frequency, or gender distribution of cardiac diseases in children. As universal newborn screening is not carried out for congenital cardiac diseases, the statistics are difficult to ascertain. Do female and male children with cardiac disease get equal parental preference in terms of surgical correction and catheter interventions in India? This question is also unanswered.MethodsAnalysis of 15,066 consecutive Indian children aged <18 years who were operated upon or had catheter intervention at a single tertiary care centre. Relative frequency and male/female ratios of cardiac lesions in these children were determined and compared with the studies in literature.ResultsOverall male/female ratio in the study was 1.4:1. Ventricular septal defect was the most common lesion (24.2%) with male/female ratio of 1.5:1, followed by tetralogy of Fallot (18.7%, 1.6:1), atrial septal defect (14.4%, 0.9:1) and so on. Male children dominated the total number of procedures performed.ConclusionIn most of the individual cardiac lesions, the relative frequency was different from that of international studies. The gender ratio for the majority of the individual type of cardiac problems was different from that of international references. These findings may suggest a preference for the male child in the treatment of cardiac diseases in India, which could possibly be related to social causes.
Modeling diachronic change in the third person singular: a multifactorial, verb- and author-specific exploratory approach
Authors: GRIES STEFAN TH. , HILPERT MARTIN 
Published: October 2010

This study addresses the development of the English third-person singular present tense suffix from an interdental fricative (giveth) to an alveolar fricative (gives). Based on the PCEEC corpus, we analyze more than 20,000 examples from the time between 1417 and 1681 to determine (i) the temporal stages in which this development took place and (ii) the factors that are correlated with this change.As for (i), we use a bottom-up clustering method which shows that the shift from -(e)thto -(e)sis best characterized as consisting of five stages. As for (ii), we examine multiple language-internal and language-external factors, including several variables proposed in earlier accounts. We fit a generalized linear mixed-effects model, which allows us to predict nearly 95 per cent of all inflectional choices correctly, thus revealing which factors shaped the development over time in a data-driven and highly precise way.
Histochemical and Ultrastructural Characterization of the Posterior Esophagus of Bulla striata (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia)
Authors: Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Oliveira Elsa , Ferreira Íris , Coelho Rita , Calado Gonçalo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe posterior esophagus of Bulla striata, running from the gizzard to the stomach, was investigated with light and electron microscopy to obtain new data for a comparative analysis of the digestive system in cephalaspidean opisthobranchs. In this species, the posterior esophagus can be divided into two regions. In the first, the epithelium is formed by columnar cells with apical microvilli embedded in a cuticle. Many epithelial and subepithelial secretory cells are present in this region. In both, electron-lucent secretory vesicles containing filaments and a peripheral round mass of secretory material fill the cytoplasm. These acid mucus-secreting cells may also contain a few dense secretory vesicles. In the second part of the posterior esophagus, the cuticle is absent and the epithelium is ciliated. In this region, epithelial cells may contain larger lipid droplets and glycogen reserves. Subepithelial secretory cells are not present, and in epithelial secretory cells the number of dense vesicles increases, but most secretory cells still contain some electron-lucent vesicles. These cells secrete a mixture of proteins and acid polysaccharides and should be considered seromucous. The secretory cells of the posterior esophagus are significantly different from those previously reported in the anterior esophagus of this herbivorous species.
Incorporating native plants into multifunctional prairie pastures for organic cow–calf operations
Authors: Wiltshire Karie , Delate Kathleen , Wiedenhoeft Mary , Flora Jan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe multifunctional agronomic, ecological, economic and social uses of grass-based agricultural systems in peri-urban Marion County, Iowa, were the subject of investigation from 2003 to 2005. Following a sociocultural analysis that identified diverse motivations of cow–calf operators, an on-farm, agroecological experiment was established with a member of the study group. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the feasibility of establishing a multifunctional prairie pasture in response to the operator's interest in certified organic, warm-season plant species paddocks. At the field level, the implementation of native grasses and legumes into fallow pasture without the use of herbicides under flash grazing, mowing and unmanaged control treatments showed differences in species establishment and pasture composition. After three growing seasons, native species were evident in all treatments, with no significant differences between grazing and mowing in total native species establishment. There was a trend toward greater native legume establishment in the control over the managed treatments. Thus, total species abundance was greatest in control plots, suggesting this treatment for maximum prairie pasture establishment without herbicides. Concurrence was observed between motivations expressed by cow–calf operators in the sociocultural study (i.e. biodiversity preservation and sustainable management of natural resources) and outcomes from the prairie pasture experimental system. Support for grass-based systems from local institutions at the community level is necessary for the expansion of prairie pastures in Iowa and throughout the tallgrass prairie region.
In Vivo Two-Photon Calcium Imaging Using Multicell Bolus Loading
Authors: Garaschuk Olga , Konnerth Arthur 
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes an approach, multicell bolus loading (MCBL), for in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging of large neuronal circuits with the resolution of individual cells. The procedure was developed for in vivo imaging of the cortex, but it can be adapted easily for imaging other brain regions, including the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, or even individual spinal cord neurons. The staining technique can also be applied in brain slices of any developmental stage, from embryonic to adult. If combined with a miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope, it may allow in vivo two-photon imaging in freely moving animals.
Preparation of Early Drosophila Embryonic Fillets (Before Cuticle Deposition)
Authors: Ramachandran Preethi , Budnik Vivian 
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis article describes the dissection of early Drosophila embryos to generate flat or fillet preparations. For the procedure, a modified chamber or well is designed using glass slides and sealant. Embryos are dissected by removing the chorionic (outer) membrane (performed outside the chamber) and then removing the vitelline (inner) membrane (performed inside the chamber and under saline).
Imaging Fibroblast Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Authors: Plodinec Marija , Loparic Marko , Aebi Ueli 
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTIONAtomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to visualize the three major cytoskeletal components that contribute to the mechanical properties of the cell. These are actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. In this protocol, rat embryonic fibroblasts expressing actin tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) are used to demonstrate this procedure.
Fixation and Preparation of Developing Tissues from Aedes aegypti: Figure 1.
Authors: Clemons Anthony , Haugen Morgan , Flannery Ellen , Kast Kristopher , Jacowski Caitlin , Severson David , Duman-Scheel Molly 
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTIONBlood-feeding mosquitoes, including the dengue and yellow fever vector Aedes aegypti, transmit many of the world’s deadliest diseases. Such diseases have resurged in developing countries and pose clear threats for epidemic outbreaks in developed countries. Recent mosquito genome projects have stimulated interest in the potential for arthropod-borne disease control by genetic manipulation of vector insects, and genes that regulate development are of particular interest. This protocol describes a method for fixation and dissection of Ae. aegypti embryos, larvae, and pupae. Tissue processed in this manner can be used subsequently for in situ hybridization detection of mRNA or immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression.
In Vitro Histone Demethylase Assay
Authors: Tsukada Yu-ichi , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTIONPost-translational modifications of histones play an important role in regulating chromatin dynamics and function. One of the modifications, methylation, occurs on both lysine and arginine residues, and methylation status defines the epigenetic program of a cell by determining chromatin structure and thereby regulating DNA-dependent processes such as transcription. Until recently, histone methylation was considered to be irreversible. However, the discovery of histone demethylases revealed that histone methylation is more dynamic than previously recognized. This protocol describes two different in vitro histone demethylase enzyme reactions and three different methods for measuring histone demethylase activity. The first reaction (type I) uses the Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family of histone demethylase (represented by JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase [JHDM]); the second (type II) is for the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidase family (represented by lysine-specific demethylase 1 [LSD1]). Histone demethylase activity can then be detected by measuring the release of radiolabeled formaldehyde from 3H-labeled methylated histone substrates, by monitoring the change in methylation levels of histone substrates by immunoblotting with site-specific methylhistone antibodies, or by using mass spectrometry to detect reductions in histone peptide masses that correspond to methyl groups. These assays can be applied to a wide range of histone demethylase studies, including the measurement of histone demethylase activity in tissue and cell lysates, identification of novel histone demethylases, and screening for inhibitors of histone demethylases.
Comprehensive Analysis ofCLEPolypeptide Signaling Gene Expression and Overexpression Activity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jun JiHyung , Fiume Elisa , Roeder Adrienne H.K. , Meng Ling , Sharma Vijay K. , Osmont Karen S. , Baker Catherine , Ha Chan Man , Meyerowitz Elliot M. , Feldman Lewis J. , Fletcher Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntercellular signaling is essential for the coordination of growth and development in higher plants. Although hundreds of putative receptors have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), only a few families of extracellular signaling molecules have been discovered, and their biological roles are largely unknown. To expand our insight into the developmental processes potentially regulated by ligand-mediated signal transduction pathways, we undertook a systematic expression analysis of the members of the Arabidopsis CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED (CLE) small signaling polypeptide family. Using reporter constructs, we show that the CLE genes have distinct and specific patterns of promoter activity. We find that each Arabidopsis tissue expresses at least one CLE gene, indicating that CLE-mediated signaling pathways are likely to play roles in many biological processes during the plant life cycle. Some CLE genes that are closely related in sequence have dissimilar expression profiles, yet in many tissues multiple CLE genes have overlapping patterns of promoter-driven reporter activity. This observation, plus the general absence of detectable morphological phenotypes in cle null mutants, suggest that a high degree of functional redundancy exists among CLE gene family members. Our work establishes a community resource of CLE-related biological materials and provides a platform for understanding and ultimately manipulating many different plant signaling systems.
A Novel Motif Essential for SNARE Interaction with the K+ Channel KC1 and Channel Gating inArabidopsis
Authors: Grefen Christopher , Chen Zhonghua , Honsbein Annegret , Donald Naomi , Hills Adrian , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe SNARE (for soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor) protein SYP121 (=SYR1/PEN1) of Arabidopsis thaliana facilitates vesicle traffic, delivering ion channels and other cargo to the plasma membrane, and contributing to plant cell expansion and defense. Recently, we reported that SYP121 also interacts directly with the K+ channel subunit KC1 and forms a tripartite complex with a second K+ channel subunit, AKT1, to control channel gating and K+ transport. Here, we report isolating a minimal sequence motif of SYP121 prerequisite for its interaction with KC1. We made use of yeast mating-based split-ubiquitin and in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays for protein–protein interaction and of expression and electrophysiological analysis. The results show that interaction of SYP121 with KC1 is associated with a novel FxRF motif uniquely situated within the first 12 residues of the SNARE sequence, that this motif is the minimal requirement for SNARE-dependent alterations in K+ channel gating when heterologously expressed, and that rescue of KC1-associated K+ current of the root epidermis in syp121 mutant Arabidopsis plants depends on expression of SNARE constructs incorporating this motif. These results establish the FxRF sequence as a previously unidentified motif required for SNARE–ion channel interactions and lead us to suggest a mechanistic framework for understanding the coordination of vesicle traffic with transmembrane ion transport.
Characterization of the W321F mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase–peroxidase KatG
Authors: Yu Shengwei , Chouchane Salem , Magliozzo Richard S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA single amino acid mutation (W321F) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase–peroxidase (KatG) was constructed by site‐directed mutagenesis. The purified mutant enzyme was characterized using optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and optical stopped‐flow spectrophotometry. Reaction of KatG(W321F) with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxyacetic acid, or t‐butylhydroperoxide showed formation of an unstable intermediate assigned as Compound I (oxyferryl iron:porphyrin π‐cation radical) by similarity to wild‐type KatG, although second‐order rate constants were significantly lower in the mutant for each peroxide tested. No evidence for Compound II was detected during the spontaneous or substrate‐accelerated decay of Compound I. The binding of isoniazid, a first‐line anti‐tuberculosis pro‐drug activated by catalase–peroxidase, was noncooperative and threefold weaker in KatG(W321F) compared with wild‐type enzyme. An EPR signal assigned to a protein‐based radical tentatively assigned as tyrosyl radical in wild‐type KatG, was also observed in the mutant upon reaction of the resting enzyme with alkyl peroxide. These results show that mutation of residue W321 in KatG does not lead to a major alteration in the identity of intermediates formed in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme in the time regimes examined here, and show that this residue is not the site of stabilization of a radical as might be expected based on homology to yeast cytochrome c peroxidase. Furthermore, W321 is indicated to be important in KatG for substrate binding and subunit interactions within the dimer, providing insights into the origin of isoniazid resistance in clinically isolated KatG mutants.