bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the E blood group system in pigs
Authors: Linhart J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe blood group system E in pigs is similar to the B system in cattle, one of the most complicated of the hitherto known blood group systems.Studies of Andresen (1957), Saison (1958), Andresen & Wroblewski (1959), Andresen et al. (1959), Andresen (1962, 1965), Rasmusen (1965), Hojný et al. (1966), Dinklage et al. (1966), Dinklage & Major (1968), Hradecký & Hojný (1972), Hojný & Hradeck (1972, 1973) lead to the determination of the various E alleles.This report presents information of a new blood group factor Ep in pigs.
Equine gene mapping: Close linkage between the loci for soluble malic enzyme and Xk (Pa)
Authors: Weitkamp L. R. , Guttormsen S. A. , Costello‐Leary P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryResolution of equine soluble malic enzyme phenotypes is greatly improved by isoelectric focusing as compared with starch gel electrophoresis. Phenotype differences can be recognized in plasma as well as haemolysates. The locus for soluble malic enzyme (ME1) is closely linked to the locus for Xk.
Testing genetic models in populations which contain pedigree errors
Authors: M. McCoubrey C. , I. Sales D. , L. Archibald A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn a genetic analysis of a polymorphic system, differences between the observed type of an individual and that expected from the parental types can arise either from an incorrect model or from pedigree errors. Such pedigree errors can cause severe difficulties in studies of the mode of inheritance of a novel polymorphic system. A method is proposed which overcomes the problem by including sire and dam error rates explicitly in the genetic model. The error rates are estimated by maximum likelihood, and likelihood ratio tests used to compare different models or estimates from different data sets. The proposals are applied to a study of the inheritance of the bovine serumAmIamylases.
Comparison of conventional prognostic indices in patients older than 60 years with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP in the US Intergroup Study (ECOG 4494, CALGB 9793): consideration of age greater than 70 years in an elderly prognostic index (E‐IPI)
Authors: Advani Ranjana H. , Chen Haiyan , Habermann Thomas M. , Morrison Vicki A. , Weller Edie A. , Fisher Richard I. , Peterson Bruce A. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Horning Sandra J. ,   Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,   Cancer and Leukemia Group B,   Southwest Oncology Group
Published: August 2010

SummaryTo assess if immunochemotherapy influenced the prognostic value of IPI in elderly diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, we evaluated the performance of the standard International Prognostic Index (IPI) and following modifications: age adjusted (AA)‐IPI, revised (R)‐IPI, and an elderly IPI with age cut‐off 70 years (E‐IPI) in patients >60 years treated with RCHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). In 267 patients, by IPI/AA‐IPI 60% were high‐intermediate, 53% high and 12% low risk. With R‐IPI, 60% were poor risk and none very good risk. Using E‐IPI, 45% were high‐intermediate/high risk and 27% low risk. No differences in outcome were seen in the low/low‐intermediate groups with IPI/AA‐IPI. For E‐IPI, failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly different for low/low‐intermediate groups. No differences were detected in the four indices with model fit/discrimination measures; however, E‐IPI ranked highest. For elderly R‐CHOP treated patients, distribution of IPI/AA‐IPI skewed toward high/high‐intermediate risk with no differences in FFS/OS between low/low‐intermediate risk. In contrast, with E‐IPI, more are classified as low risk with significant differences in FFS/OS for low‐intermediate compared to low risk. The R‐IPI does not identify a very good risk group, thus minimizing its utility in this population. The prognostic discrimination provided by the E‐IPI for low and low‐intermediate elderly DLBCL patients needs validation by other datasets.
Increased adhesion of human monocytes to IL-4-stimulated human venous endothelial cells via CD11/CD18, and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-Independent mechanisms
Authors: VERDEGAAL E M E , BEEKHUIZEN H , BLOKLAND I , van FURTH R 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYExpression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (EC) can be up-regulated or induced by cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IL-4on both the expression of adhesion molecules on EC and monocyte adhesion to EC. Flow cytometric analysis showed that VCAM-1 expression on EC was up-regulated after stimulation with IL-4 for 24 h, whereas the expression of E-selectin (formerly called endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1)) was not enhanced, and that of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) only slightly. The adhesion of monocytes to EC increased to maximum values upon stimulation of EC with IL-4 for 24 h. Coating of monocytes with MoAb against the integrin β2-subunit (CD18) significantly inhibited their adhesion to IL-4-stimulated EC; maximal inhibition was found when monocytes were coated with anti-CD18 MoAb in combination with MoAb against CD49d (the α-chain of VLA-4), whereas no inhibition was found when monocytes were coated only with MoAb against CD49d. Monocyte adhesion was not significantly inhibited when IL-4-stimulated EC were coated with MoAbs against ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 alone or in combination. Adhesion of monocytes was inhibited to a greater extent when in addition to coating of monocytes with MoAb against CD18 the EC were coated with MoAb against VCAM-1. From these results we conclude that monocytes bind to IL-4-stimulated EC via interaction of CD11/CD18 molecules on the monocytes with an as yet unknown endothelial ligand, and interaction of VLA-4 on monocytes with VCAM-1 on EC.
Longitudinal changes in epitope recognition of autoantibodies against glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab) in prediabetic adults developing diabetes
Authors: Hampe C S , Hall T R , Ågren Å , Rolandsson O 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWe analysed the beta cell-specific autoimmunity reflected in autoantibodies to the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) in the prediabetic period of GAD65Ab-positive healthy adults who developed Type 2 diabetes (T2D) during a follow-up period of 10 years. We found that of the adults that tested GAD65Ab-positive at baseline (n = 25), six developed T2D and one developed Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the subjects that tested GAD65Ab-negative at baseline (n = 2209), 81 developed T2D, one developed T1D and four developed unclassified diabetes, indicating that the risk for GAD65Ab-positive healthy adults to develop diabetes is increased sixfold. The GAD65Ab epitopes were characterized in a competition radioligand binding assay using recombinant Fab derived of GAD65-specific monoclonal antibodies. We observed that the GAD65Ab epitope specificities in the prediabetic period changed dynamically. Specifically, the binding to a middle and a C-terminal epitope increased during the follow-up period (P = 0·03), causing a significant increase in the number of epitopes recognized (P = 0·03). These findings are similar to previous observations of dynamic changes in the prediabetic period of schoolchildren at high risk for T1D development. However, the character of the epitopes differs between the two populations, suggesting differences in the beta cell-specific autoimmune response in the prediabetic period of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and T1D.
Inhibition of human neutrophil degranulation by transforming growth factor-β1
Authors: Shen L , Smith J M , Shen Z , Eriksson M , Sentman C , Wira C R 
Published: August 2010

SummaryNeutrophils enter tissues including the uterus and are found in the endometrium in increased numbers prior to menses. In this environment, they are exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 produced by endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. We observed that incubation of neutrophils in vitro with TGF-β1 at 1 pg/ml significantly reduced their secretion of lactoferrin in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This effect was achieved with as little as 15 min of pretreatment with TGF-β1. Inhibition of lactoferrin release by TGF-β1 was observed irrespective of whether neutrophils were stimulated by ligands for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 or FPR, the G protein-coupled receptor for formylated peptides. Inhibition by TGF-β1 was negated by SB-431542, a small molecule inhibitor that specifically blocks the kinase activity of the type I TGF-β receptor (ALK5) In contrast to lactoferrin release, another important neutrophil function, interleukin (IL)-8 driven chemotaxis, was not affected by TGF-β1 at 1 pg/ml or 100 pg/ml. We conclude that in tissues of the female reproductive tract, TGF-β1 inhibition of neutrophil degranulation may prevent these cells from initiating an inflammatory response or releasing degradative enzymes that could potentially damage the oocyte or fetus.
Clay dispersion in relation to changes in the electrolyte composition of dialysed red‐brown earths
Authors: RENGASAMY P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryDialysis and re‐suspension of red‐brown earths showed dispersion in distilled water independent of the adsorbed cations. Whenever the electrolyte concentration is below the critical coagulation concentration the soil and clay will disperse. Mechanical disturbance greatly enhances the dispersion process. The experiments suggest that the dispersion was influenced by the released salt in the suspensions. The changes with time in the electrolyte composition of dialysed soils and clays showed that the ‘homoionic’ systems are unstable with possible interference with clay dispersion by the generated electrolytes. The importance of free electrolytes, especially calcium, in the management of dispersive red‐brown earths is indicated.
Mechanical impedance to root growth: a review of experimental techniques and root growth responses
Authors: BENGOUGH A. G. , MULLINS C. E. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYMechanical impedance to root growth is one of the most important factors determining root elongation and proliferation within a soil profile. Penetrometers overestimate resistance to root growth in soil by a factor of between two and eight and, although they remain the most convenient method for predicting root resistance, careful interpretation of results and choice of penetrometer design are essential if improved estimates of soil resistance to root elongation are to be obtained. Resistance to root growth through pressurized cells containing ballotini considerably exceeds the confining pressure applied externally to these cells. Results from this work are reappraised. Existing models of soil penetration by roots and penetrometers are reviewed together with the factors influencing penetration resistance. The interpretation of results from mechanical impedance experiments is examined in some detail and root responses, including possible mechanisms of response, are discussed.
Challenges in using land use and land cover data for global change studies
Authors: VERBURG PETER H. , NEUMANN KATHLEEN , NOL LINDA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLand use and land cover data play a central role in climate change assessments. These data originate from different sources and inventory techniques. Each source of land use/cover data has its own domain of applicability and quality standards. Often data are selected without explicitly considering the suitability of the data for the specific application, the bias originating from data inventory and aggregation, and the effects of the uncertainty in the data on the results of the assessment. Uncertainties due to data selection and handling can be in the same order of magnitude as uncertainties related to the representation of the processes under investigation. While acknowledging the differences in data sources and the causes of inconsistencies, several methods have been developed to optimally extract information from the data and document the uncertainties. These methods include data integration, improved validation techniques and harmonization of classification systems. Based on the data needs of global change studies and the data availability, recommendations are formulated aimed at optimal use of current data and focused efforts for additional data collection. These include: improved documentation using classification systems for land use/cover data; careful selection of data given the specific application and the use of appropriate scaling and aggregation methods. In addition, the data availability may be improved by the combination of different data sources to optimize information content while collection of additional data must focus on validation of available data sets and improved coverage of regions and land cover types with a high level of uncertainty. Specific attention in data collection should be given to the representation of land management (systems) and mosaic landscapes.
Non‐invasive, label‐free cell counting and quantitative analysis of adherent cells using digital holography
Authors: MÖLDER A. , SEBESTA M. , GUSTAFSSON M. , GISSELSON L. , WINGREN A. GJÖRLOFF , ALM K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryManual cell counting is time consuming and requires a high degree of skill on behalf of the person performing the count. Here we use a technique that utilizes digital holography, allowing label‐free and completely non‐invasive cell counting directly in cell culture vessels with adherent viable cells. The images produced can provide both quantitative and qualitative phase information from a single hologram. The recently constructed microscope Holomonitor™ (Phase Holographic Imaging AB, Lund, Sweden) combines the commonly used phase contrast microscope with digital holography, the latter giving us the possibility of achieving quantitative information on cellular shape, area, confluence and optical thickness. This project aimed at determining the accuracy and repeatability of cell counting measurements using digital holography compared to the conventional manual cell counting method using a haemocytometer. The collected data were also used to determine cell size and cellular optical thickness. The results show that digital holography can be used for non‐invasive automatic cell counting as precisely as conventional manual cell counting
Egg development in the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) in relation to the availability of water
Authors: Hunter‐Jones Philip 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe development of the egg of the Desert Locust in relation to the availability of The results water in the soil is considered, and the effects of desiccation are discussed. are discussed in relation to the Conditions under which the insect lives in nature.
The insect fauna of the desert near Khartoum: seasonal fluctuation and the effect of grazing
Authors: Cloudsle‐Thompson J. L. , Idris B. E. M. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of a survey of the insect fauna of the desert near Khartoum, carried out between July, 1960 and September, 1962; seasonal fluctuations are discussed and the fauna of grazed and ungrazed areas compared.
Age‐changes in the ovaries of the sheep ked, Melophagus ovinus (L.) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)
Authors: Saunders D. S. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe reproductive system and ovulation cycle in Melophagus ovinus are described, and age changes in the ovaries are discussed. A method, similar to that used with Glossina spp., for determining the age of individuals by examination of their follicular relics is proposed.
Histological changes related to the secretion of digestive enzymes in the midgut and caeca of Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Khan Mumtaz Ahmad 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe histology of the midgut and caeca of normal adults of Locusta migratoria L. with a partially full gut is described and compared with the condition in the newly emerged adult. The changes due to starvation and feeding are discussed. Details of the conditiops in fifth instar hoppers at various periods of their development are given.
The biology and immature stages of Entedon leucogramma (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasite of bark beetles
Authors: Beaver R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the life history of Entedon leucogramma, an endoparasite of Scolytus scolytus, and the immature stages are described. The recorded host species are discussed in relation to the biology of the parasite.
The influence of temperature on reproduction and development in four species of Glossina (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Harley J. M. B. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisChanges in the frequency of larviposition with temperature in four species of Glossina are described, together with the estimation, by means of these data, of the mean temperature experienced previously in the field by females that had been released and of which the physiological age on recapture had been determined. The influence of temperature on the duration of the pupal period, on pupal weight and on ovulation in the four species is discussed.
The larva, dwelling‐tube and feeding of a species of Protodipseudopsis (Trichoptera: Dipseudopsidae)
Authors: Gibbs D. G. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe larva of a species of Protodipseudopsis from Ghana is described. From an examination of larval dwelling‐tubes the method of feeding is deduced and related to larval morphology.
Food‐plant selection by Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus (Klug) (Acrididae: Pyrgomorphinae) and some of the receptors involved
Authors: Abushama Faysal Tageldin 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of food‐plant selection by the grasshopper Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus. Sense organs on the antennae and palpi are described, and their possible role in the location and preliminary testing of food is discussed.
The structure of the chorion and its possible significance during imposition inNasonia vitripennis(Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and other Chalcids
Authors: King P. E. , Richards J. G. , Copland M. J. W. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the structure of the vitelline membrane and reduced chorion in eggs ofNasonia vitripennis, and the importance of the latter in the mechanism of oviposition is discussed.
Studies on the biting habits ofCulicoides impunctatusGoetghebuer,C. obsoletus(Meigen) andC. punctatus(Meigen) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England
Authors: Service M. W. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the seasonal incidence, biting activity, vertical and horizontal distribution of adults ofCulicoides impunctatusandC. obsoletusin Dorset, England, and of the seasonal incidence ofC. punctatus.
The biology of Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitising some British Cercopidae (Homoptera)
Authors: Whittaker J. B. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the species of Verrallia found to parasitise Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus lineatus and N. campestris. The effect of parasitism on the host is discussed.
The morphology of the scent glands of Dysdercus intermedius Distant (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) and a preliminary analysis of the scent gland secretions of the fifth instar larvae
Authors: Youdeowei A. , Calam D. H. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe external morphology of the scent glands of larvae and adults of Dysdercus intermedius is described. An account is given of a preliminary analysis of secretions from the scent glands of fifth instar larvae, and the functions of the scent gland secretions are discussed.
Oögenesis in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: King P. E. , Richards J. G. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the development of the oöcyte in Nasonia vitripennis. The probable functions of the trophocytes, the accessory nuclei and the annulate lamellae are discussed.
Differences in hydrolase isozymes of Italian and Rhodesian strains of Aedes vittatus (Bigot) (Diptera: Culicidae) and their hybrids
Authors: Freyvogel Thierry A. , McClelland G. A. H. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of isozymes of esterase and alkaline phosphatase in females of Aedes vittatus from Italy and Rhodesia and their reciprocal hybrids.
The detection of parasitised hosts by males of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and some possible implications
Authors: King P. E. , Askew R. R. , Sanger C. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the emergence and mating behaviour of males of Nasonia vitripennis. The effect of the behaviour of the male on the composition of the population is discussed.
Probable pheromone‐secreting cells in the epidermis of mature males of Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Thomas Joan G. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe structure and distribution of gland cells in the abdomen of mature and immature crowded males of Schistocera gregaria is described and compared with that of isolated males. The probable function of such cells is considered.
The life histories of Ischnura elegans (van der Linden) and Coenagrion puella (L.) (Odonata) in south Lancashire
Authors: Parr M. J. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the occurrence of univoltine and semivoltine individuals in populations of Ischnura elegans and Coenagrion puella in a habitat in south Lancashire.
Some taxonomic changes and additions in the British Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) including a new species and subspecies
Authors: Quesne W. J. Le 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisNomenclatorial and other changes in the British Cicadellidae are discussed and reasons given for these and for the new synonymy now proposed. A new species of Aphrodes is described and a redescription is given of Ebarrius cognatus. A new subspecies of Rhopalopyx vitripennis is proposed.
A new genus of Pentatomidae from Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius (Hemiptera)
Authors: Orian Alfred J. E. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new pentatomine genus, of which a description is given, is erected forAcrosternum pallidoconspersumand a number of other species from Africa and Madagascar, two of which are redescribed. Notes are given on the related generaAcrosternumand Nezara.
A new species of Simulium (Eusimulium) from St. Helena Island, South Atlantic (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Crosskey R. W. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new species of Simulium from St. Helena is described and assigned to the subgenus Eusimulium. This is the first record of Simuliidae on St. Helena and the implications of the occurrence of this family on such a remote island are briefly discussed.
Descriptions of a new aphid genus from Australia and of the alate viviparous female of Sensoriaphis tasmaniae Carver and Martyn, 1962 (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Carver Mary , Martyn E. J. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new genus of Neophyllaphidini is established for two new species from Tasmania and Western Australia, respectively, descriptions of which are given. The alate viviparous female of Sensoriaphis tasmaniae is also described.
A new species of Paracnephia Rubtzov, 1962 (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Uganda
Authors: McCrae A. W. R. , Prentice M. A. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new species of Parucnephiu, near dumurensis, is described from males, females, pupae and larvae taken from an isolated mountain in Uganda just north of the equator. The characters in which it differs from other species of Parucnephiu are discussed and notes on the habitat and habits are included.
The identity of Hydropsyche ?tibialis McLachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Authors: Ross HerbertH. , Ross JeanA. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA male specimen in the McLachlan collection, not hitherto referred to in the literature, is designated as the allotype of H. tibialis. The genitalia of the holotype and allotype are described and figured.