bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and morphological variation in a South African velvet worm Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae): evidence for cryptic speciation
Authors: Daniels S. R. , Ruhberg H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe systematics of Peripatopsis moseleyi (Wood‐Mason, 1879), a widely distributed South Africa velvet worm species, was examined to test the occurrence of cryptic lineages within this taxon. A total of 81 specimens of P. moseleyi were collected from 12 localities throughout its known distribution in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu‐Natal provinces of South Africa. All specimens were sequenced for a 631 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase one subunit (COI) locus, while a 717 bp pair fragment of the 18S rDNA locus was sequenced for a single sample for each of the clades evident from the COI topology. DNA sequence data were analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inferences, while a haplotype network was constructed and an analysis of molecular variation was conducted. Gross morphological characteristics, such as the number of pre‐genital leg pairs, the genital areas and colour variation in each sample locality were examined. Moreover, characters of the antennae, the shape of the main dermal papillae and male genital pad features were investigated. Topologies derived from the combined DNA analyses (COI and 18S rDNA) were congruent and revealed that P. moseleyi is a complex comprised of five genetically distinct clades. At present, these clades could not be differentiated based on morphological characters, suggesting that traditional species‐discriminating characters have limited taxonomic utility. However, colour differences between the two sympatric morphs may be used to differentiate these clades. Our results indicate that cryptic speciation is present within P. moseleyi, with most of the novel detected lineages characterized by restricted geographic distribution.
Handwriting, visuomotor integration, and neurological condition at school age
Authors: VAN HOORN JESSIKA F , MAATHUIS CAREL GB , PETERS LIEKE HJ , HADDERS‐ALGRA MIJNA 
Published: June 2010

Aim  The study investigated the relationships between handwriting, visuomotor integration, and neurological condition. We paid particular attention to the presence of minor neurological dysfunction (MND).Method  Participants were 200 children (131 males, 69 females; age range 8–13y) of whom 118 received mainstream education (mean age 10y 5mo, SD 1y 4mo) and 82 special education (mean age 10y 8mo, SD 1y 2mo). Each child had four assessments: a neurological examination, which paid attention to the type and severity of MND, a test to measure motor performance, a handwriting test, and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration.Results  Dysgraphic handwriting and slow writing speed were closely related to the severity of neurological dysfunction (both p<0.001); impaired visuomotor integration was related to the presence of MND (p<0.001) but somewhat less to its severity. Impaired handwriting and visuomotor integration were strongly related to two specific dysfunctions: fine manipulative disability and coordination problems (both p<0.001). Impaired visuomotor integration was weakly related to dysfunctional muscle tone regulation (p=0.009) and sensory dysfunction (p=0.042).Interpretation  Poor handwriting and impaired visuomotor integration are related to MND, but in a differential way. Poor handwriting is related to the severity of neurological dysfunction and to dysfunctions of complex supraspinal circuitries. Impaired visuomotor integration is associated with the presence of any of the most common types of MND.
Care providers’ perceptions of the importance of oral care and its performance within everyday caregiving for nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Sonde Lars , Emami Azita , Kiljunen Hannes , Nordenram Gunilla 
Published: June 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 92–99

Care providers’ perceptions of the importance of oral care and its performance within everyday caregiving for nursing home residents with dementia Background:  The oral caregiving in nursing homes for persons with dementia often becomes complicated due to the patients’ lack of compliance, which in turn can result in giving oral care a low priority in daily care. Furthermore, directives for responsibilities are unclear.Objective:  The aim of this article was to describe care providers’ perception of and reasoning for the oral care for nursing home residents with dementia and to describe registered nurses’ reasoning in relation to their responsibility for monitoring oral care interventions within the regular caregiving routines for nursing home residents with dementia.Methods:  Two sub‐studies were carried out; focus group discussions with nine care providers and interviews with four nurses. All participants were staff in nursing home units specialized in dementia.Results:  The focus group discussion revealed three themes: Art of caregiving, Barriers and Treatment strategies. Themes related to the nurses’ statements about oral hygiene within caregiving were Care, Responsibility for care and Information.Conclusion:  Three main findings from the study are discussed: Unclear responsibilities of different staff members related to daily oral care for the nursing home patients; a lack of guidelines and routines for oral hygiene and a lack of guidelines for sharing information between the different professional groups.
EXPECTED VOLATILITY, UNEXPECTED VOLATILITY, AND THE CROSS‐SECTION OF STOCK RETURNS
Authors: Chua Choong Tze , Goh Jeremy , Zhang Zhe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe existing literature finds conflicting results on the cross‐sectional relation between expected returns and idiosyncratic volatility. We contend that at the firm level, the sample correlation between unexpected returns and expected idiosyncratic volatility can cloud the true relation between the expected return and expected idiosyncratic volatility. We show strong evidence that unexpected idiosyncratic volatility is positively related to unexpected returns. Using unexpected idiosyncratic volatility to control for unexpected returns, we find expected idiosyncratic volatility to be significantly and positively related to expected returns. This result holds after controlling for various firm characteristics, and it is robust across different sample periods.
Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children
Authors: SYRJÄNEN STINA 
Published: June 2010

Syrjänen S. Current concepts on human papillomavirus infections in children. APMIS 2010; 118: 494–509.Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non‐sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta‐analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively. The mother seems to be the main transmitter of HPV to her newborn, but subsequent HPV infections are acquired horizontally via saliva or other contacts. Bimodal peak prevalence is seen for skin warts, oral papillomas and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in younger and older age groups, suggesting similar epidemiology. Of the clinical HPV diseases, juvenile‐onset‐RRP and genital condylomata are problematic; the former because of its life‐threatening potential and the latter because of possible sexual abuse. HPV6 and 11 are the most common genotypes in both the lesions. Early in life, infections by the high‐risk HPV genotypes may also remain persistent for a considerable period, and should be of considerable importance for HPV vaccination strategies.
Determinants of serum IgG responses to periodontal bacteria in a nationally representative sample of US adults
Authors: Vlachojannis Christian , Dye Bruce A. , Herrera‐Abreu Miriam , Pikdöken Levent , Lerche‐Sehm Julia , Pretzl Bernadette , Celenti Romanita , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: June 2010

Vlachojannis C, Dye BA, Herrera‐Abreu M, Pikdöken L, Lerche‐Sehm J, Pretzl B, Celenti R, Papapanou PN. Determinants of serum IgG responses to periodontal bacteria in a nationally representative sample of US adults. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 685‐696 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01592.xAbstractAim: To assess the distribution of elevated antibody titres to multiple periodontal bacteria, including established/putative pathogens and health‐related species, by selected demographic, behavioural, and oral‐ and general health‐related characteristics.Methods: Data from 8153 40‐year‐old participants from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, including 1588 edentulous individuals. We used checkerboard immunoblotting to assess serum IgG levels to 19 periodontal species. Thresholds for elevated antibody responses were defined for each species using the 90th percentile titre in periodontal healthy participants, using two alternative definitions of periodontitis.Results: Edentulous individuals showed lower antibody responses than dentate participants, notably for titres to “red complex” species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Elevated titres to Porphyromonas gingivalis were twice as prevalent in participants with periodontitis than in periodontal healthy individuals. Non‐Hispanic blacks and Mexican‐Americans were more likely to display elevated titres for P. gingivalis compared with non‐Hispanic whites (22.9%versus 19.4%versus 9.5%). Current smokers were significantly less likely to exhibit high titres to multiple bacteria than never smokers.Conclusion: Demographic, behavioural, and oral‐ and general health‐related characteristics were strong determinants of systemic antibody responses to periodontal bacteria in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
Placental Interleukin‐15 Expression in Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Toth Bettina , Haufe Thomas , Scholz Christoph , Kuhn Christina , Friese Klaus , Karamouti Maria , Makrigiannakis Antonis , Jeschke Udo 
Published: June 2010

Citation Toth B, Haufe T, Scholz C, Kuhn C, Friese K, Karamouti M, Makrigiannakis A, Jeschke U. Placental Interleukin‐15 expression in recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 402–410Problem  Cytokines play a fundamental role at the feto–maternal interface. A dysregulation of the cytokine profile could be linked with fetal rejection. This study investigated differences in the expression of the Th1 cytokine interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) of normal and disturbed pregnancy.Method of study  Analysis of IL‐15 expression by immunohistochemistry and real‐time RT‐PCR in placental tissue from normal pregnancies, spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage (RM) was performed.Results  Expression of IL‐15 was upregulated on mRNA and protein level in the placenta of miscarriage patients, especially in patients with RM. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining revealed extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) as IL‐15‐expressing cells. Staining results were confirmed by real‐time PCR (TaqMan).Conclusion  Increased expression of IL‐15 in the decidua of patients with RM may be linked to disturbed implantation and vascularization with consecutive placental and fetal rejection.
Leukocyte Pyruvate Kinase Expression is Reduced in Normal Human Pregnancy but not in Pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Xu Yi , Madsen‐Bouterse Sally A. , Romero Roberto , Hassan Sonia , Mittal Pooja , Elfline Megan , Zhu Aiping , Petty Howard R. 
Published: June 2010

Citation Xu Y, Madsen‐Bouterse SA, Romero R, Hassan S, Mittal P, Elfline M, Zhu A, Petty HR. Leukocyte pyruvate kinase expression is reduced in normal human pregnancy but not in pre‐eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 137–151Problem  Emerging evidence suggests that metabolism influences immune cell signaling and immunoregulation. To examine the immunoregulatory role of glycolysis in pregnancy, we evaluated the properties of pyruvate kinase in leukocytes from non‐pregnant women and those with normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia.Method of study  We evaluated pyruvate kinase expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils from non‐pregnant, pregnant, and pre‐eclampsia patients using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Leukocyte pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate concentrations were also evaluated. To study pyruvate’s effect on signaling, we labeled Jurkat T cells with Ca2+ dyes and measured cell responses in the presence of agents influencing intracellular pyruvate.Results  The expression of pyruvate kinase is reduced in lymphocytes and neutrophils from normal pregnant women in comparison with those of non‐pregnant women and pre‐eclampsia patients. Similarly, the activity of pyruvate kinase and the intracellular pyruvate concentration are reduced in leukocytes of normal pregnant women in comparison with non‐pregnant women and women with pre‐eclampsia. Using Jurkat cells as a model of leukocyte signaling, we have shown that perturbations of intracellular pyruvate influence Ca2+ signals.Conclusion  Normal pregnancy is characterized by reduced pyruvate kinase expression within lymphocytes and neutrophils. We speculate that reduced pyruvate kinase expression modifies immune cell responses due to reduced pyruvate concentrations.
Nurse–patient encounters in the hospital ward, from the perspectives of older persons: an analysis using the Authentic Consciousness Framework
Authors: Mitchell Elizabeth A. , McCance Tanya 
Published: June 2010

mitchell e.a. & mccance t. (2012) Nurse–patient encounters in the hospital ward, from the perspectives of older persons: an analysis using the Authentic Consciousness Framework. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 95–104  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00233.xBackground.  Despite a growing theoretical base to support the development of person‐centred practice, the evidence would suggest that this way of working is somewhat elusive in the care of older people.Aims.  The study aims to explore nurse–older person encounters and relationships within the context of person‐centredness.Design and methods.  This study involved secondary analysis of interview data originally collected from a commissioned study investigating whole‐systems approaches in services for older people. The process of analysis used the Authentic Consciousness Framework.Results.  Nurses are often invisible to the patient, unless they are providing care to address a physical need. A sense of rolelessness pervaded the data, when patients were deprived from actively participating in important decisions about their future care.Conclusions.  Patients would like nurses to work with them in more transparent ways. Patients are very conscious that nurses are busy and attempt to share the coping with the busy workload by limiting their expectations of the nurse.Relevance to clinical practice.  Person‐centred strategies must enhance the capacity of not only older patients and their ability to assert self, but also the capacity of their nurses. Nurses must work to actively recruit the patient in all decision making.
Psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint – a surgical alternative to treating a medical problem
Authors: Popat R. , Matthews N.S. , Connor S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe describe the case of a 43‐year‐old female who suffered pain and profound functional impairment in both tempormandibular joints (TMJ), secondary to psoriatic arthritis. The inability to eat and talk without severe pain had rendered the patient unable to seek employment and with a poor quality of life. Her symptoms had proved refractory to anti‐TNF medication (Etanercept) and other treatments such as hydrocortisone injections and bilateral TMJ condylar shaves. The patient underwent bilateral total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacements in May 2008. Her recovery was uneventful and she is now pain‐free and has a vastly improved quality of life. This case gives an overview of psoriatic arthritis, especially as it affects the TMJ and highlights the benefits of total TMJ replacement. We recommend that consideration should be given to its use as a surgical alternative in cases which prove refractory to medical management.
A pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap for reconstructing composite mandibular defects
Authors: Chen W‐L. , Chang S‐H. , Ye J‐T. , Huang Z‐Q. , Chai Q. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of reconstructing composite defects of the mandible with a local pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap.Materials and methods:  A retrospective study examined patients undergoing secondary mandibular reconstruction following tumour ablation using local pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flaps. The study included five men and three women. The segmental defects of the mandible resulted from oral carcinoma in five cases and mandibular ameloblastoma in three.Results:  All of the flaps survived. Proper aesthetics and complete functionality were obtained, and no donor‐site problems occurred. The patients were followed for 16–24 months and no recurrence was seen.Conclusions:  The pedicled mandibular osteomuscular flap is technically simple, fast to harvest, and has an exceptionally long arc of rotation, which enables the reconstruction of composite segmental defects of the mandible following tumour ablation.
Contextualizing ethanol avoided carbon emissions in Brazil
Authors: MARTINELLI LUIZ A. , BALBAUD OMETTO JEAN PIERRE HENRY , FILOSO SOLANGE , VICTORIA REYNALDO L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe propose to compare avoided emissions from ethanol use in Brazil with emissions caused by the use of fossil fuel, and by land use changes, specifically Amazon deforestation. The avoided emissions of CO2 in Brazil due to ethanol use in 2008 ranged from approximately 9 to 12 Tg C yr−1. These values are an order of magnitude higher than the amount of carbon that could be potentially sequestered in soils if sugarcane cultivation in Brazil switches completely to mechanized harvesting, and two orders of magnitude higher than the carbon emissions in soils cultivated with sugarcane and that undergo harvest with burning. In relation to fossil fuel emissions, ethanol avoided emissions are equivalent to 20–30% of the carbon emissions associated with the use of gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector, and to approximately 10% of the total use of fossil fuel in the country. When compared with the carbon emissions from Amazon deforestation ethanol avoided emissions are again one order of magnitude lower. We conclude that ethanol avoided emissions are relatively important within the transport sector, but are still incipient if compared with the emissions from total fossil fuel combustion and emissions from deforestation indicating that climate mitigation efforts in Brazil needs to focus outside of biofuel production. Consequently, we suggest that Brazil develop equally strong actions towards increased energy efficiency use in the country and, more importantly to drastically reduce carbon emissions associated with Amazon deforestation.
PpoR, an orphan LuxR‐family protein of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, modulates competitive fitness and surface motility independently of N‐acylhomoserine lactones
Authors: Fernández‐Piñar Regina , Cámara Miguel , Soriano María Isabel , Dubern Jean‐Frédéric , Heeb Stephan , Ramos Juan L. , Espinosa‐Urgel Manuel 
Published: June 2010

Summary Pseudomonas putida KT2440 does not produce any of the common molecules involved in quorum sensing signalling described in other bacteria. However, as is the case in other microorganisms, the genome of this strain contains an open reading frame (PP_4647) coding for a transcriptional regulator belonging to the LuxR protein family. In this article, we present evidence indicating that this protein, named PpoR, modulates swarming motility in KT2440 and plays a role in the survival of this strain in the presence of potential competitors. These functions appear to be independent of known N‐acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), since we show that P. putida KT2440 does not produce significant quantities of these molecules under any condition tested and PpoR does not influence the expression of quorum sensing‐dependent promoters even in the presence of exogenous AHLs. A ppoR mutant shows increased sensitivity to the iron chelator 2,2′‐dipyridyl, while iron supplementation compensates the fitness loss of the mutant in competition with other Pseudomonas. All these data suggest that PpoR participates in both inter‐ and intraspecific processes relevant to the fitness of P. putida related to iron acquisition, and not necessarily mediated by canonical quorum sensing signal molecules.
Transient respiration locomotion decoupling in galloping Thoroughbreds
Authors: JOLLY SANDRA , ART TATIANA , LEKEUX P. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe compulsory respiration locomotion coupling may sometimes be broken in healthy galloping horses, leading to a ‘big respiratory cycle’ (BRC). This work is aimed at describing the ventilatory pattern of the BRC and at studying the influence of the individual horse, gallop speed and training. Eleven healthy Thoroughbred horses were studied during a 9 week period of incremental training intensity. Instantaneous respiratory airflow, tidal volume, respiratory rate and the O2and CO2fraction in inspired and expired gases were continuously obtained on a breath‐by‐breath basis during 4 standardised treadmill exercise tests (SET) performed at 3 week intervals. The inspiratory airflow of the BRC had a bi‐ or triphasic shape and its inspiratory time was 1.5‐fold longer than that of a normal breath. The expiratory flow was monophasic and lasted 2.5‐fold longer than the normal breath. The inspiratory, but not the expiratory peak flows, remained unchanged during the BRC. The inspiratory volume was 2.0‐to 1.5‐fold higher than normal, according to the gallop speed. Each BRC was followed by a ‘readjustment cycle’ (RC), which allowed the recovery of normal respiration locomotion coupling. The sum of BRC + RC times always equalled the time for 3 normal respiratory cycles. The sum of the inspiratory volumes of BRC and RC was significantly higher than the sum of their expiratory volumes. There was a highly significant effect of horse and of training on the frequency of BRC. Lastly, during the BRC and at least the 4 following respiratory cycles, the end‐tidal O2and CO2fractions were significantly lower and higher respectively. It was hypothesised that this respiratory manoeuvre could result from a negative feedback mechanism providing, at least, transiently either a readjustment of the end expiratory lung volume or an improvement of the pulmonary gas exchange.