bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Cultivar and Harvest Date of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) on Crop Yield and Plant Morphological Features
Authors: Korus Anna 
Published: January 2011

Effect of the Cultivar and Harvest Date of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) on Crop Yield and Plant Morphological Features
The experimental material consisted of three kale cultivars: Winterbor F1, Redbor F1 and Medium High Green Curly were obtained from three harvest dates. The experiment was conducted in a three-year cycle (2006-2008). Total yields ranged from 5.13 to 9.32 kg·m-2, of which marketable yield constituted on average 51-72% and processing yield 27-34%. In the present experiment, 8.42 kg of total yield per 1m2 was obtained from Winterbor F1, 7.55 kg from Medium High Green Curly cv. and 6.71kg from Redbor F1 as an average for all years and harvest dates. The highest total yield for all cultivars was from the second harvest date and ranged from 6.76 to 9.32 kg·m-2. The dry matter yield of leaves with removed veins averaged between 0.28 and 0.50 kg per 1m2 for all years and harvest dates.
Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Effects on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Plants, Yield and Quality of Tomato Fruits: (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Singh B. , Pathak K. , Boopathi T. , Deka B. 
Published: January 2011

Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Effects on Morpho-Physiological Traits of Plants, Yield and Quality of Tomato Fruits: (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
A field experiment was conducted with an objective to investigate the effects of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer application on morpho-physiological traits, yield and quality attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with an ultimate aim of optimizing nutrient requirements of tomato in mild-tropical agro-climate. The application of vermicompost together with NPK fertilizer increased plant height, leaf area, leaf weight, fruit weight, fruit yield, fruit density, post-harvest life and TSS of tomato. Application of vermicompost alone too increased the shelf-life by 250% and TSS beyond 4.5%, both of which are traits highly desirable for summer production of tomato and the related processing industry. Present study reveals that application of vermicompost in the amount of 7.5 t·ha-1 in combination with 50% dose of NPK fertilizer (60:30:30 kg·ha-1) was optimum for obtaining better quality and productivity of field grown tomatoes in mild-tropical agro-climate, eventually integrated nutrient supply will sustain the soil fertility and plant productivity eco-friendly.
The Occurrence and Sex Ratio of Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte Beetles on Sweet Maize (Zea mays var. Saccharata) In South-Eastern Poland Near Rzeszów in 2007-2009
Authors: Bereś Paweł , Sionek Rafał 
Published: January 2011

The Occurrence and Sex Ratio of Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte Beetles on Sweet Maize (Zea mays var. Saccharata) In South-Eastern Poland Near Rzeszów in 2007-2009
Studies were conducted in 2007-2009 on sweet maize (Zea mays var. saccharata), Candle variety, in Terliczka near Rzeszów. The observations were carried out based on an permission from the Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection, No. WF-411d/5/2008.
The objective of the conducted study was to specify the occurrence dynamics of Western corn rootworm (WCR) (Diabrotica virgifera) beetles on sweet maize in order to establish the optimal period for their control. In addition their sexual structure between July and September were specified.
In south-eastern Poland D. virgifera beetles began their flights onto sweet maize plants from the second decade of July. Male occurred first, and the flights of females began several days later. Moreover, it was found that the maximum number of males on plants is recorded earlier than that of females.
During the feeding of beetles on maize the period of their most abundant occurrence was from the end of July to the third decade of August. During the flight of adult one population peak was usually recorded: in the third decade of July and the first decade of August, and only in 2007 was it in the second decade of July. In 2007-2009, D. virgifera ended their feeding in late September.
Females dominated among the captured insects during the study years. Their percentage share in the total number of captured beetles was from 59.7 to 84.1%. The population of males in individual years varied, and their percentage share was between 15.9 and 40.3%.
Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid Complex
Authors: Jankowska Beata 
Published: January 2011

Effect of Intercropping White Cabbage with French Marigold (Tagetes Patula Nana) and Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis) on Diamondback Moth (Plutella Xylostella L.) Population Density and it's Parasitoid Complex
The impact of intercropping white cabbage (‘Bently F1’) with French Marigold Tagetes patula nana ‘Kolombina’ and Pot Marigold Calendula officinalis ‘Promyk’ on the occurrence of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) and its parasitoid complex was estimated in years 2003-2005. The number of DBM larvae and pupae was significantly lower on plots where cabbage was intercropped compared with the control variant (homogenous crop). The combination with Pot Marigold turned out to be the best in this respect. The DBM larvae parasitization level varied from year to year and its percentage oscillated from 65 to 88%. Eight beneficial insect species belonging to families: Ichneumonidae (4 species), Braconidae (2 species), Pteromalidae (1 species) and Eulophidae (1 species) emerged from collected DBM pupae. Diadegma fenestralis Holmgr. was the most abundant species among all Plutella parasitoids every year of observations as it constitued 65% of all of the reared wasps. No significant differences were determined between the level of parasitization in relation to the type of cultivation.
A Traveling Time Model as Function of Water Density and Vegetable Size, Shape and Density
Authors: Taheri-Garavand Amin , Rafiee Shahin , Keyhani Alireza , Mirzaee Esmaeel 
Published: January 2011

A Traveling Time Model as Function of Water Density and Vegetable Size, Shape and Density
In this research, the possibility of using the rising and dropping time of vegetables through water as a means of hydro-sorting of tomato and potato was studied. The dropping time of potato and rising time of tomato were theoretically formulated and then determined experimentally using water column. The best models for dropping time of potato (cv. Analytic) and rising time of tomato (cv. Rio grand s) as a function of water and vegetable densities, shape factor and vegetable volume were modelled with determination coefficients of 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. It was found that difference between vegetables and water densities had major effect on rising and dropping time. It can be concluded that in the sorting systems, difference in terminal velocities of vegetables can be used as a suitable factor for design the sorting system devices.
Effect of Storage Period on Biogenic Amine Content in Sauerkraut
Authors: Kosson Ryszard , Elkner Krystyna 
Published: January 2011

Effect of Storage Period on Biogenic Amine Content in Sauerkraut
Effect of storage period on biogenic amine content in sauerkraut produced from white head cabbage during spontaneous fermentation was investigated. Three cultivars of white head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba) of different harvest time, namely: Tekila F1, Agressor F1, and Tolerator F1 were used in process of sauerkraut production. Fresh cabbage before the fermentation and sauerkraut during its 90 day storage period were analyzed for polyamine and monoamine content. It was found that fresh cabbage contained only two polyamines: putrescine (<2 μg·g-1) and spermidine (<10 μg·g-1). Depending on storage period and year of experiment putrescine, spermidine, spermine, cadaverine, tryptamine and histamine were found in sauerkraut. Contents of particular amines in investigated sauerkraut are within the low range of given values by other authors. The results of the study showed that the biogenic amine content of fresh white cabbage and fermented product - sauerkraut - should not represent a risk for consumers.
Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Authors: Kałużewicz Alina , Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Buchowski Szymon , Zaworska Anna , Kotlińska Teresa , Knaflewski Mikołaj 
Published: January 2011

Variability of Economic Traits of 28 Cultivars of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
The research which aim was to characterise variability of economic traits of 28 asparagus cultivars was carried out in the Marcelin Experiment Station in the years 2004-2008. Variability of total and marketable yields, the mean weight of green spears as well as plant survival of all the 28 cultivars and separately of nine German and Dutch cultivars was evaluated. In addition, variability between harvest years of individual cultivars for total and marketable yields, mean spear weight in five and spear thickness in three selected harvest years was characterised.
Variability between cultivars was found greater with respect to marketable and total yields expressed in the weight of harvested spears and smaller with respect to mean spear weight and total yield expressed in the number of harvested spears. Less productive cultivars exhibited the least consistent yields between individual harvest years and the worst plant survival. Higher yield consistency, mean spear weight and plant survival were observed in the group of German and Dutch cultivars.
Oxidative stress induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid system or model ischemia in vitro: effect of carvedilol and pyridoindole antioxidant SMe1EC2 in young and adult rat brain tissue
Authors: Gáspárová Zdenka , Ondrejičková Oľga , Gajdošíková Alena , Gajdošík Andrej , Šnirc Vladimír , Štolc Svorad 
Published: January 2011

Oxidative stress induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid system or model ischemiain vitro: effect of carvedilol and pyridoindole antioxidant SMe1EC2 in young and adult rat brain tissueNew effective strategies and new highly effective neuroprotective agents are being searched for the therapy of human stroke and cerebral ischemia. The compound SMe1EC2 is a new derivative of stobadine, with enhanced antioxidant properties compared to the maternal drug. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-blocker, possesses besides its cardioprotective and vasculoprotective properties also an antioxidant effect. We compared the effect of carvedilol and SMe1EC2, antioxidants with a similar chemical structure, in two experimental models of oxidative stress in young and adult rat brain tissue. SMe1EC2 was found to improve the resistance of hippocampal neurons to ischemiain vitroin young and even in 18-month-old rats and inhibited formation of protein carbonyl groups induced by the Fe2+/ascorbic acid pro-oxidative system in brain cortex homogenates of young rats. Carvedilol exerted a protective effect only in the hippocampus of 2-month-old rats and that at the concentration 10-times higher than did SMe1EC2. The inhibitory effect of carvedilol on protein carbonyl formation induced by the pro-oxidative system was not proved in the cortex of either young or adult rats. An increased baseline level of the content of protein carbonyl groups in the adult versus young rat brain cortex confirmed age-related changes in neuronal tissue and may be due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and low antioxidant defense mechanisms in the adult rat brain. The results revealed the new pyridoindole SMe1EC2 to be more effective than carvedilol in neuroprotection of rat brain tissue in both experimental models involving oxidative stress.
Extrapolation of toxic indices among test objects
Authors: Tichý Miloň , Rucki Marián , Roth Zdeněk , Hanzlíková Iveta , Vlková Alena , Tumová Jana , Uzlová Rút 
Published: January 2011

Extrapolation of toxic indices among test objectsOligochaetaTubifex tubifex, fish fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), hepatocytes isolated from rat liver and ciliated protozoan are absolutely different organisms and yet their acute toxicity indices correlate. Correlation equations for special effects were developed for a large heterogeneous series of compounds (QSAR, quantitative structure-activity relationships). Knowing those correlation equations and their statistic evaluation, one can extrapolate the toxic indices. The reason is that a common physicochemical property governs the biological effect, namely the partition coefficient between two unmissible phases, simulated generally by n-octanol and water. This may mean that the transport of chemicals towards a target is responsible for the magnitude of the effect, rather than reactivity, as one would assume suppose.
Repeat surgery for hypothalamic hamartoma in refractory epilepsy
Authors: Pati Sandipan , Abla Adib A. , Rekate Harold L. , Ng Yu-Tze 
Published: February 2011

Object
Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) often cause pharmacoresistent epilepsy, incapacitating behavioral abnormalities, and cognitive decline. Surgical intervention offers the patient the best opportunity of seizure resolution, which occurs in approximately 50%–60% of patients, and improvement in both cognitive and behavioral difficulties. For those in whom the initial operation has failed, further medical treatment options remain quite limited, whereas, in some cases, a second surgery may improve seizure outcome. The authors retrospectively reviewed their surgical cases to document the success rate and complications of reoperations in patients with HHs.

Methods
Data were obtained from the HH epilepsy surgery database at the Barrow Neurological Institute between 2003 and 2010. Surgical treatment consisted of open and endoscopic procedures, as well as radiosurgery. Demographic details, seizure history, presurgical evaluation, and postoperative follow-up data were evaluated.

Results
In the last 7 years, 21 (13%) of 157 patients underwent reoperation after an initial epilepsy operation. The initial surgical approach in the 21 patients included: endoscopic (8 patients [38%]), transcallosal (8 patients [38%]), orbitozygomatic (3 patients [14%]), and radiosurgery (2 patients [10%]). Of the 8 patients who initially underwent endoscopic resection, repeat procedures included: radiosurgery in 4 (50%), an orbitozygomatic approach in 2 (25%), repeat endoscopy in 1 (12.5%), and a transcallosal approach in 1 (12.5%). Repeat procedures after an initial transcallosal resection included: endoscopic resection in 2 (25%); radiosurgery in 1 (12%); an orbitozygomatic approach in 2 (25%), and repeat transcallosal surgery in 3 (38%). Predominant seizure types that recurred after the first surgery were gelastic seizures, complex partial seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging in all patients prior to reoperation demonstrated either residual HH and/or connection with the mammillary bodies. Review of patients with more than 6 months of follow-up since the last surgery showed greater than 90% reduction in seizures in 4 patients (19%) and by 50%–90% in 10 patients (48%). Two patients were seizure free, and in 5 patients (24%) there was no change in seizure frequency. Following reoperation, none of the patients had any worsened behavioral issues such as increased rage attacks or disruptive violent behavior. New postoperative complications after reoperation included hemiparesis, thalamic stroke (asymptomatic and symptomatic), hyperphagia, and panhypopituitarism.

Conclusions
Reoperation should be considered in selected patients with HH in whom initial epilepsy surgery fails because more than half the patients have significant reductions in seizure.
Use of the ETV Success Score to explain the variation in reported endoscopic third ventriculostomy success rates among published case series of childhood hydrocephalus
Authors: Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Browd Samuel R. 
Published: February 2011

Object
Published case series of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for childhood hydrocephalus have reported widely varying success rates. The authors recently developed and internally validated the ETV Success Score (ETVSS); this is a simplified means of predicting the 6-month success rate of ETV for a child with hydrocephalus, based on age, etiology of hydrocephalus, and presence of a previous shunt. The authors hypothesized that the ETVSS would be able to predict with reasonable accuracy the actual ETV success rate reported among published case series.

Methods
A literature search was performed to identify published pediatric ETV papers that contained enough information with which to calculate an aggregate, mean predicted ETVSS for the cohort. This was then compared with the actual ETV success rate in the cohort. Data were extracted independently in triplicate, including by 2 individuals who were not involved with the development of the ETVSS.

Results
Fifteen papers reporting on 322 patients were included. Interrater reliability was very high in determining the predicted ETVSS (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.99). The predicted ETVSS for each paper agreed strongly with the actual ETV success rate reported in each paper (reliability intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81). There was no significant difference in the magnitude of the predicted ETVSS and the actual ETV success (p = 0.98, paired t-test). In a linear regression model, the predicted ETVSS explained 62% of the variation in actual ETV success. When the entire cohort was combined and analyzed together, the overall mean predicted ETVSS was 57.9%, which was nearly identical to the actual ETV success rate of 59.2%.

Conclusions
The ETVSS closely predicts the actual ETV success rate reported in selected papers published over the last 20 years and explains much of the variation.
On the Date of the Khazars' Conversion to Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Rus Oleg and Igor. A Study of the Anonymous Khazar Letter from the Genizah of Cairo
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin 
Published: February 2011

REB 53 1995 France p. 237-270
C. Zuckerman, On the Date of the Khazars' Conversion lo Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Bus Oleg and Igor. — This study dwells on several key issues in the history of the Khazars : the date of their conversion to Judaism — which is set in 861 or very soon afterwards — , the constitutional changes in the Khazar state, its relations with Byzantium and the Rus. An examination of the wars of the early 940s, which involved the Byzantines, the Khazars and the Rus, leads to a new chronology of the reign of the king of Rus Igor, summer 941 -winter 945, instead of the traditional 912- 945. The reign of Igor's predecessor, Oleg (traditional dates 879-912), moves up to little before 911-summer 941 (died in the winter 944/5). The history of the «Rus' of Kiev» is consequently abridged by at least forty years.
Factors Contributing to Formation of Edema in Volume Overloaded Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Tang Wen , Xue Tian , Lu Xin-Hong , Luo Ya-Jun , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2011

Background Volume control is critical for the success of peritoneal dialysis (PD) but dry weight in PD has been difficult to obtain. Edema free is, in general, accepted clinically as a target for volume control in PD patients. However, PD patients can be free of edema despite significant volume overload. The present study investigates the possible factors that influence the formation of pitting edema in volume-overloaded PD patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients’ fluid status was evaluated by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Values for overhydration were obtained. Patients with overhydration ≥ 2.0 kg were considered volume overloaded and were eligible for inclusion. From 1 March 2009 to 1 December 2009, a total of 96 patients on continuous ambulatory PD were included. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Other clinical indicators, such as blood pressure, dialysis adequacy, nutrition status, and biochemical parameters, were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on edema status: the edema group ( n = 35 volume-overloaded patients with bilateral pitting edema) and the non-edema group ( n = 61 volume-overloaded patients without bilateral pitting edema). Results Overhydration in the edema group was significantly higher than in the non-edema group (4.28 ± 1.75 kg vs 3.12 ± 0.81 kg, p < 0.001), whereas both FMD and serum albumin in the edema group were significantly lower than in the non-edema group (6.65% ± 5.2% vs 10.3% ± 5.1%, p = 0.001; 37.6 ± 4.2 g/L vs 39.3 ± 3.5 g/L, p = 0.047, respectively). Edema status (edema = 1, non-edema = 0) was positively correlated with overhydration ( r = 0.341, p < 0.001), gender (male = 1, female = 2: r = 0.184, p = 0.072), and total fluid removal ( r = 0.188, p = 0.074) and negatively correlated with endothelial function, as assessed by FMD ( r = -0.33, p = 0.001), and serum albumin ( r = -0.18, p = 0.055). Logistic regression analysis showed that FMD [odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 - 0.99; p = 0.036], gender (male = 1, female = 2: OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.23 - 13.35; p = 0.021), overhydration (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.53 - 6.13; p = 0.002), and serum albumin (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 - 0.99; p = 0.035) were independent factors affecting the edema status of the study population. Conclusion Our study showed that endothelial function (assessed by FMD), gender, serum albumin, and over hydration are independent determinants of edema status in PD patients. This may explain why some PD patients can maintain free of edema despite significant volume overload.
Clinical Consequences of Delayed Addition of Adalimumab to Methotrexate Therapy Over 5 Years in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , KAVANAUGH ARTHUR , WEINBLATT MICHAEL E. , PATRA KAUSHIK , PANGAN AILEEN L. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.This Year 5 analysis of an open-label extension (OLE) study assessed radiographic progression, clinical efficacy, and safety of adalimumab with concomitant methotrexate (MTX) for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.Methods.In a double-blind study (DE019, NCT00195702), inadequate responders to MTX were randomized to MTX plus either adalimumab 40 mg eow, adalimumab 20 mg weekly, or placebo for 52 weeks. Eligible patients entered an ongoing OLE and received adalimumab 40 mg eow plus MTX. Longterm efficacy and safety were evaluated.Results.Of 457 patients who had enrolled in the OLE, 304 remained in the study at Year 5, including 112, 107, and 85 from the original adalimumab 40 mg, adalimumab 20 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. Year 5 radiographs demonstrated mean changes in modified total Sharp score for the original adalimumab 40 mg eow and 20 mg weekly groups of 0.8 and 2.6, respectively, versus 3.9 for placebo; 58% from the adalimumab 40 mg eow group had no radiographic progression versus 40% of those who initially received placebo. Of patients who received adalimumab 40 mg eow for 5 years, 26.1% achieved clinical remission (Disease Activity Score 28-joint count < 2.6), had no radio graphic progression (change in modified total Sharp score ≤ 0.5), and had normal function (Health Assessment Questionnaire ≤ 0.5), versus 11.9% of those who initially received placebo. Serious infection rate for 553 patients who received at least one dose of adalimumab was 4.4/100 patient-years.Conclusion.A 52-week delay in adding adalimumab to MTX led to worse radiographic, functional, and clinical outcomes at Year 5 for most patients who initially received placebo instead of adalimumab.