bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“OA02” Peptide Facilitates the Precise Targeting of Paclitaxel-Loaded Micellar Nanoparticles to Ovarian Cancer In Vivo
Authors: Xiao Kai , Li Yuanpei , Lee Joyce S. , Gonik Abby M. , Dong Tiffany , Fung Gabriel , Sanchez Eduardo , Xing Li , Cheng Holland R. , Luo Juntao , Lam Kit S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Micellar nanoparticles based on linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) block dendritic cholic acids (CA) copolymers (telodendrimers), for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancers, are reported. The micellar nanoparticles have been decorated with a high-affinity “OA02” peptide against α-3 integrin receptor to improve the tumor-targeting specificity which is overexpressed on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. “Click chemistry” was used to conjugate alkyne-containing OA02 peptide to the azide group at the distal terminus of the PEG chain in a representative PEG5k-CA8 telodendrimer (micelle-forming unit). The conjugation of OA02 peptide had negligible influence on the physicochemical properties of PEG5k-CA8 nanoparticles and as hypothesized, OA02 peptide dramatically enhanced the uptake efficiency of PEG5k-CA8 nanoparticles (NP) in SKOV-3 and ES-2 ovarian cancer cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, but not in α-3 integrin-negative K562 leukemia cells. When loaded with paclitaxel, OA02-NPs had significantly higher in vitro cytotoxicity against both SKOV-3 and ES-2 ovarian cancer cells as compared with nontargeted nanoparticles. Furthermore, the in vivo biodistribution study showed OA02 peptide greatly facilitated tumor localization and the intracellular uptake of PEG5k-CA8 nanoparticles into ovarian cancer cells as validated in SKOV3-luc tumor–bearing mice. Finally, paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded OA02-NPs exhibited superior antitumor efficacy and lower systemic toxicity profile in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 tumor xenografts, when compared with equivalent doses of nontargeted PTX-NPs as well as clinical paclitaxel formulation (Taxol). Therefore, OA02-targeted telodendrimers loaded with paclitaxel have great potential as a new therapeutic approach for patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 72(8); 2100–10. ©2012 AACR.
Risk Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Authors: Win Aung Ko , MacInnis Robert J. , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRisk prediction models are important to identify individuals at high risk of developing the disease who can then be offered individually tailored clinical management, targeted screening and interventions to reduce the burden of disease. They are also useful for research purposes when attempting to identify new risk factors for the disease. In this article, we review the risk prediction models that have been developed for colorectal cancer and appraise their applicability, strengths, and weaknesses. We also discuss the factors to be considered for future development and improvement of models for colorectal cancer risk prediction. We conclude that there is no model that sufficiently covers the known risk factors for colorectal cancer that is suitable for assessment of people from across the full range of risk and that a new comprehensive model is needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 398–410. ©2011 AACR.
Common Variation in Nemo-Like Kinase Is Associated with Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Stevens Kristen N. , Kelemen Linda E. , Wang Xianshu , Fridley Brooke L. , Vierkant Robert A. , Fredericksen Zachary , Armasu Sebastian M. , Tsai Ya-Yu , Berchuck Andrew , Narod Steven A. , Phelan Catherine M. , Sutphen Rebecca , Birrer Michael J. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Sellers Thomas A. , Goode Ellen L. , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of mitotic kinases has been associated with prognosis, histologic grade, and clinical stage in ovarian cancer, but the relationship between inherited variation in these genes and ovarian cancer risk has not been well defined.
Methods: We measured associations between 397 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 67 mitotic kinases and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk in two case–control studies (n = 671 cases; n = 939 controls). Thirty-six candidate SNPs (P &lt; 0.05) were assessed in a replication analysis consisting of three additional studies (n = 1,094 cases; n = 829 controls).
Results: In initial analysis, thirty-six SNPs were suggestive of association with risk of serous ovarian cancer, all subtypes of ovarian cancer, or both (P &lt; 0.05). Replication analyses suggested an association between rs2125846 in the Nemo-like kinase (NLK) gene and ovarian cancer (serous OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.67, P = 1.77 × 10−3; all subtypes OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08–1.56, P = 2.97 × 10−3). Furthermore, rs2125846 was associated with risk in the combined discovery and replication sets (serous OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.54; all subtypes OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12–1.45).
Conclusions: Variation in NLK may be associated with risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm and understand the biologic relationship between this mitotic kinase and ovarian cancer risk.
Impact: An association between SNPs in NLK and ovarian cancer may provide biologic insight into the development of this disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 523–8. ©2012 AACR.
Prospective Studies of Body Mass Index with Head and Neck Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Gaudet Mia M. , Patel Alpa V. , Sun Juzhong , Hildebrand Janet S. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Chen Amy Y. , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Results of a pooled analysis of case–control studies show a higher risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) associated with a low body mass index (BMI) and a lower risk associated with being overweight or obese compared with being normal weight. However, these results are prone to bias due to residual confounding by smoking, a strong risk factor, and possible weight loss prior to diagnosis. Using prospectively collected data from the Cancer Prevention Study-II cohort and the Nutrition cohort, we examined the association of BMI with HNC mortality and incidence, overall and by smoking status.Methods: Mortality analyses included 1,383 cases among 1,059,153 participants; incidence analyses included 340 cases among 150,262 participants. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of BMI with HNC incidence and mortality.Results: Overall, compared with the category of BMI 22.5–24.9 kg/m2, the categories of BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30.0 kg/m2 were associated with a lower risk of HNC mortality but not incidence. In never smokers, there were no associations of BMI with HNC incidence or mortality. In smokers, BMI &lt; 22.5 kg/m2 was associated with a higher risk of HNC mortality (HR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.20–1.67).Conclusions: In this prospective cohort, there was no association between BMI and HNC incidence, although BMI was inversely associated with HNC mortality in smokers.Impact: These suggest that there is no etiologic relationship between BMI and HNC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 497–503. ©2012 AACR.
Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes of BRCA1/BRCA2 Testing: Differences across Affected Status and Risk-Reducing Surgery Choice
Authors: Graves Kristi D. , Vegella Patti , Poggi Elizabeth A. , Peshkin Beth N. , Tong Angie , Isaacs Claudine , Finch Clinton , Kelly Scott , Taylor Kathryn L. , Luta George , Schwartz Marc D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have documented the short-term impact of BRCA1/BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) testing; however, little research has examined the long-term impact of testing. We conducted the first long-term prospective study of psychosocial outcomes in a U.S. sample of women who had BRCA1/2 testing.
Methods: Participants were 464 women who underwent genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations. Prior to testing, we measured sociodemographics, clinical variables, and cancer specific and general distress. At long-term follow-up (Median = 5.0 years; Range = 3.4–9.1 years), we assessed cancer-specific and genetic testing distress, perceived stress, and perceived cancer risk. We evaluated the impact of BRCA1/2 test result and risk-reducing surgery on long-term psychosocial outcomes.
Results: Among participants who had been affected with breast or ovarian cancer, BRCA1/2 carriers reported higher genetic testing distress (β = 0.41, P &lt; 0.0001), uncertainty (β = 0.18, P &lt; 0.0001), and perceived stress (β = 0.17, P = 0.005) compared with women who received negative (i.e., uninformative) results. Among women unaffected with breast/ovarian cancer, BRCA1/2 carriers reported higher genetic testing distress (β = 0.39, P &lt; 0.0001) and lower positive testing experiences (β = 0.25, P = 0.008) than women with negative results. Receipt of risk-reducing surgery was associated with lower perceived cancer risk (P &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusions: In this first prospective long-term study in a U.S. sample, we found modestly increased distress in BRCA1/2 carriers compared with women who received uninformative or negative test results. Despite this modest increase in distress, we found no evidence of clinically significant dysfunction.
Impact: Although a positive BRCA1/2 result remains salient among carriers years after testing, testing does not seem to impact long-term psychologic dysfunction. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 445–55. ©2012 AACR.
Use of Statin Medications and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Persons with Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Kantor Elizabeth D. , Onstad Lynn , Blount Patricia L. , Reid Brian J. , Vaughan Thomas L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Persons with Barrett's esophagus experience increased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and may benefit from use of preventives. Studies suggest that statin medications may have chemopreventive properties; we therefore assessed the association between statin use and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Methods: In a prospective cohort of 411 persons with Barrett's, Cox regression was used to calculate HRs for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and statin use accounting for variation in use during follow-up and adjusting for age, sex, and smoking.
Results: The HRs for statin use among all participants were 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26–1.33] and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.30–1.54) before and after further adjustment for NSAID use, respectively. Among persons with high-grade dysplasia, the HRs for statin use were 0.31 (95% CI, 0.11–0.86) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.13–1.26) before and after adding NSAIDs to the model, respectively.
Conclusions: While the reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma observed among statin users may be explained by chance, the point estimates are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for NSAID use in this cohort and are unlikely to be confounded by known risk factors.
Impact: Further study in larger cohorts and meta-analyses of the potential for statins to reduce risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 456–61. ©2012 AACR.
Common Genetic Variants in Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction—Results from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)
Authors: Lindström Sara , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Cox David , Travis Ruth C. , Albanes Demetrius , Allen Naomi E. , Andriole Gerald , Berndt Sonja I. , Boeing Heiner , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Crawford E. David , Diver W. Ryan , Gaziano J. Michael , Giles Graham G. , Giovannucci Edward , Gonzalez Carlos A. , Henderson Brian , Hunter David J. , Johansson Mattias , Kolonel Laurence N. , Ma Jing , Le Marchand Loïc , Pala Valeria , Stampfer Meir , Stram Daniel O. , Thun Michael J. , Tjonneland Anne , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Virtamo Jarmo , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Willett Walter C. , Yeager Meredith , Hayes Richard B. , Severi Gianluca , Haiman Christopher A. , Chanock Stephen J. , Kraft Peter 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: One of the goals of personalized medicine is to generate individual risk profiles that could identify individuals in the population that exhibit high risk. The discovery of more than two-dozen independent single-nucleotide polymorphism markers in prostate cancer has raised the possibility for such risk stratification. In this study, we evaluated the discriminative and predictive ability for prostate cancer risk models incorporating 25 common prostate cancer genetic markers, family history of prostate cancer, and age.
Methods: We fit a series of risk models and estimated their performance in 7,509 prostate cancer cases and 7,652 controls within the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We also calculated absolute risks based on SEER incidence data.
Results: The best risk model (C-statistic = 0.642) included individual genetic markers and family history of prostate cancer. We observed a decreasing trend in discriminative ability with advancing age (P = 0.009), with highest accuracy in men younger than 60 years (C-statistic = 0.679). The absolute ten-year risk for 50-year-old men with a family history ranged from 1.6% (10th percentile of genetic risk) to 6.7% (90th percentile of genetic risk). For men without family history, the risk ranged from 0.8% (10th percentile) to 3.4% (90th percentile).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that incorporating genetic information and family history in prostate cancer risk models can be particularly useful for identifying younger men that might benefit from prostate-specific antigen screening.
Impact: Although adding genetic risk markers improves model performance, the clinical utility of these genetic risk models is limited. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 437–44. ©2012 AACR.
Underreporting of Myeloid Malignancies by United States Cancer Registries
Authors: Craig Benjamin M. , Rollison Dana E. , List Alan F. , Cogle Christopher R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: The recent decrease in myeloid leukemia incidence may be directly attributed to changes in the population-based cancer registries 2001 guidelines, which required the capture of only one malignancy in the myeloid lineage per person and the simultaneous adoption of myelodysplastic syndrome registration in the United States.
Methods: We constructed four claims-based algorithms to assess myeloid leukemia incidence, applied the algorithms to the 1999–2008 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, and assessed algorithm validity using SEER-registered cases.
Results: Each had moderate sensitivities (75%–94%) and high specificities (&gt;99.0%), with the 2+BCBM algorithm showing the highest specificity. On the basis of the 2+BCBM algorithm, SEER registered only 50% of the acute myelogenous leukemia cases and a third of the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cases. The annual incidence of myeloid leukemia in 2005 was 26 per 100,000 persons 66 years or older, much higher than the 15 per 100,000 reported by SEER using the same sample.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest underreporting of myeloid leukemias in SEER by a magnitude of 50% to 70% as well as validate and support the use of the 2+BCBM claims algorithm in identifying myeloid leukemia cases. Use of this algorithm identified a high number of uncaptured myeloid leukemia cases, particularly CML cases.
Impact: Our results call for the commitment of more resources for centralized cancer registries so that they may improve myeloid leukemia case ascertainment, which would empower policy makers with ability to properly allocate limited health care resources. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(3); 474–81. ©2012 AACR.
Perceived Risk and Worry For One's Partner and Self Correlate With Desire to Quit in Dual-Smoker Couples
Authors: KW Ranby , MA Lewis , BA Toll , MJ Rohrbaugh , IM Lipkus 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Among smokers, the desire to quit smoking is often related to one's health concerns. However, much less is known about how perceptions of health concerns are related in couples in which both partners smoke (i.e., dual smoker couples) and their associations with desire to quit for self. We explored these issues using baseline survey data collected from 63 dual smoker couples recruited from the community in central North Carolina. Participants were aged 21 to 67 (M = 43.0, SD = 11.3) and had been smoking for 4 to 51 years (M = 22.9, SD = 11.3) with an average of 17 (SD = 8.8) cigarettes per day. Within couples, partners exhibited similar beliefs about worry about physical harm of smoking for oneself (r = .30, p &lt; .05) and partner (r = .30, p &lt; .05), perceived risk of disease for self (r = .26, p &lt; .05) and partner (r = .24, p &lt; .05), and desire that their partner quit (r = .34, p &lt; .01). Individuals' desire to quit was related to their own perceived risk of disease (r = .34, p &lt; .05) and worry about harm (r = .47, p &lt; .001). Further, own desire to quit was related to worry about partner's health (r = .29, p &lt; .01), perceived risk of partner getting a disease if they continued to smoke (r = .39, p &lt; .001), and belief that their smoking has caused partner physical harm (r = .38, p &lt; .001). Participants had an extremely strong desire (78% = 7 on 1–7 scale) for their partner's help if they were to quit smoking. These data show 1) there is significant concordance in partners' rating of risk of disease and worry; and 2) an individual's desire to quit is related to both one's perceptions of risk and worry of harm for self but also importantly perceptions of risk, and worry of harm for the partner. Interventions that highlight how smoking harms a couple may be a fruitful, yet currently underutilized, method to increase cessation in dual smoker couples, a high risk group with lower cessation rates and higher relapse rates.
Reduction in Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Meeting the WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations
Authors: T Hastert , E White 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published eight recommendations related to body weight, physical activity and dietary behaviors aimed at reducing cancer incidence worldwide. These were based on a comprehensive review of the literature on these topics in relation to each of the common cancers. An expert panel operationalized seven of those recommendations (maintaining normal body weight, participating in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day, avoiding energy-dense foods, eating 5 or more servings of non-starchy fruits and vegetables per day, limiting consumption of red meat to no more than 18 oz per week, limiting alcohol consumption to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men, and limiting sodium consumption to 2400 mg per day), and we examined their association with breast cancer incidence over eight years of follow-up in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Study cohort. Participants included 24,916 women aged 50–76 years at baseline in 2000–2002 who had no history of cancer and who had complete data for the recommendations evaluated. Incident cancers (n = 694) were tracked through the Western Washington Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The median number of recommendations followed was 3 (0–7). After adjusting for age, education, race/ethnicity, mammogram in previous two years, history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative, years of combined estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy use, age at menarche, age at first birth, and age at menopause, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with meeting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6–7 recommendations compared with meeting none of the recommendations were: 0.57 (0.35, 0.95), 0.63 (0.39, 1.02), 0.55 (0.34, 0.88), 0.46 (0.28, 0.74), 0.44 (0.26, 0.75), and 0.31 (0.15, 0.65). These results suggest that meeting the WCRF/AICR recommendations could substantially decrease breast cancer risk.
Lifestyle and Dietary Risk Factors for Colorectal Hyperplastic and Adenomatous Polyps
Authors: S Michal , L Li , Z Chen 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that colon hyperplastic polyps (HP) increases predisposition to the development of colon cancer, albeit to a lesser degree than colon adenoma. Data on behavioral and lifestyle risk factors for HP are limited.
Methods: We compared the risk factor profiles for colon adenoma and colon HP in 1,826 patients without known history of colorectal cancer or polyps who are undergoing screening colonoscopy at our institution. Five hundred and eight patients were diagnosed with one or more colon adenomas, 215 with HP, 140 patients with both adenoma and HP, and 963 with negative colonscopic examination. Information on behavioral and lifestyle risk factors and dietary habits were collected by computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) and Food Frequency Questionnaire prior to colonoscopy. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regressions to assess risk associations.
Results: Positive association were found between adenomatous polyps and male gender (OR 1.702, 95% CI 1.210–2.394, p 0.002), current smoker (OR 1.598, 95% CI 1.091–2.340, p 0.016) and family history (OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.034–1.920, p 0.030). For hyperplastic polyps, positive associations were found between current smoker (OR 2.038, 95% CI 1.207–3.441, p 0.008) and regular alcohol drinker (OR 1.661, 95% CI 1.057–2.610, p 0.028). For both types of polyps positive associations were found between male gender (OR 2.282, 95% CI 1.233–4.222, p 0.009), current smoker (OR 2.692, 95% CI 1.475–4.912, p 0.001) and family history (OR 2.472, 95% CI 1.506–4.057, p 0.00). In a subgroup analysis by gender, regular alcohol consumption (OR 1.780, 95% CI 1.008–3.143, p 0.047) was associated with increased risk and HRT (OR 0.450, 95% CI 0.225–0.903, p 0.025) was associated with a decreased risk of hyperplastic polyps in females. Whereas in males, ever smokers (OR 3.074, 95% CI 1.357–6.965, p 0.007) and current smokers (OR 3.311, 95% CI 1.307–8.389, p 0.012) were associated with an increase risk of hyperplastic polyps.
Conclusion: Our data indicate that there are several lifestyle and dietary risk factors that are associated with both colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. These risk factors vary not only by type of polyp but also gender.