bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the effectiveness of riparian management for aquatic invertebrates in a degraded agricultural landscape: stream size and land‐use legacies
Authors: Greenwood Michelle J. , Harding Jon S. , Niyogi Dev K. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Riparian management has been embraced by water and land managers globally to offset the deleterious effects of intensive agricultural land use on aquatic ecosystems. However, the documented responses of stream communities to riparian management have been variable, particularly in highly degraded systems.2. We used boosted regression trees and structural equation models to assess the effects of riparian condition and stream size on the invertebrate communities of 64 agricultural waterways on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand. We hypothesized that small streams would be more degraded than larger waterways but would show a greater increase in the abundance of pollution‐sensitive aquatic invertebrates in response to riparian management. We also predicted that land‐use legacies of poor in‐stream habitat would reduce the effectiveness of current riparian management. The two strongest determinants of community structure were primarily in‐stream habitat, where sedimentation and low water velocity had negative impacts on stream communities, and stream size, with smaller waterways generally more impacted than large waterways. Not surprisingly, with >150 years of agriculture and patchy riparian management on the plains, current management has not greatly improved in‐stream habitat and thus had little effect on the abundance of sensitive aquatic insect (EPT) taxa.3. Managed streams did, however, have more pollution‐sensitive communities in general. This was largely mediated by decreased stream temperature, narrower/deeper channels and greater organic matter resources in streams with riparian planting and restricted stock access. Thus, if water velocity and sedimentation issues can be mitigated, then riparian management should become more effective.4. Synthesis and applications.Within the context of a degraded agricultural landscape, we identified factors limiting the effectiveness of riparian management for stream invertebrate communities. Riparian management should primarily target and protect small streams and those without degraded in‐stream habitat. Intensive management, such as in‐stream habitat or channel morphology modification, may be needed to address historical factors (e.g. low velocity and sedimentation), which otherwise may continue to limit community recovery.
The characean internodal cell as a model system for studying wound healing
Authors: FOISSNER I. , WASTENEYS G.O. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis work describes the characean internodal cell as a model system for the study of wound healing and compares wounds induced by certain chemicals and UV irradiation with wounds occurring in the natural environment. We review the existing literature and define three types of wound response: (1) cortical window formation characterised by disassembly of microtubules, transient inhibition of actin‐dependent cytoplasmic streaming and chloroplast detachment, (2) fibrillar wound walls characterised by exocytosis of vesicles carrying wall polysaccharides and membrane‐bound cellulose synthase complexes coupled with endocytosis of surplus membrane and (3) amorphous, callose‐ and membrane‐containing wound walls characterised by exocytosis of vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in the absence of membrane recycling. We hypothesize that these three wound responses reflect the extent of damage, probably Ca2+ influx, and that the secretion of Ca2+‐loaded endoplasmic reticulum cisternae is an emergency reaction in case of severe Ca2+ load. Microtubules are not required for wound healing but their disassembly could have a signalling function. Transient reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton into a meshwork of randomly oriented filaments is required for the migration of wound wall forming organelles, just as occurs in tip‐growing plant cells. New data presented in this study show that during the deposition of an amorphous wound wall numerous actin rings are present, which may indicate specific ion fluxes and/or a storage form for actin. In addition, we present new evidence for the exocytosis of FM1–43‐stained organelles, putative endosomes, required for plasma membrane repair during wound healing. Finally, we show that quickly growing fibrillar wound walls, even when deposited in the absence of microtubules, have a highly ordered helical structure of consistent handedness comprised of cellulose microfibrils.
Nausea and vomiting in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis
Authors: Cherian D. , Parkman H. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Nausea and vomiting are frequent symptoms of gastroparesis. The aim of this study was to characterize nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis and to compare nausea and vomiting in patients with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparetics. We also quantitated the number of episodes of vomiting per day and the hours of nausea per day.Methods  Patients diagnosed with gastroparesis at Temple University Hospital between May 2009 and December 2010 completed the Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms questionnaire along with questionnaires about nausea and vomiting.Key Results  A total of 157 patients [43 diabetic (DG) and 114 idiopathic gastroparetics (IG)] comprised the study group. Nausea was present in 91% of DG and 90% of IG (P = 0.822). Nausea symptom severity score was 3.51 ± 0.24 in DG and 3.42 ± 0.15 in IG (P = 0.362). DG patients reported 8.1 ± 1.2 compared to 7.9 ± 0.8 in IG (P = 0.44). Vomiting was present in 72% of DG and 55% of IG (P = 0.083). Vomiting symptom severity score was 2.69 ± 0.34 in DG and 1.83 ± 0.21 in IG (P = 0.010). DG patients reported 7.3 ± 1.7 vomiting episodes per day compared to 3.5 ± 0.9 in IG (P = 0.027). Both nausea and vomiting had a significant correlation with reduced quality of life.Conclusions & Inferences  Nausea and vomiting are significant symptoms of gastroparesis. Vomiting was greater in DG compared with IG, both in terms of severity score and number of vomiting episodes, whereas nausea severity was similar. Hours of nausea per day and episodes of vomiting per week appear to be useful parameters for assessing symptoms of gastroparesis. Nausea and vomiting have a significant impact on quality of life.
Microdiversity and evidence for high dispersal rates in the marine actinomycete ‘Salinispora pacifica’
Authors: Freel Kelle C. , Edlund Anna , Jensen Paul R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn July of 2006 and January of 2008, a total of 671 marine sediment samples were collected at depths from 5 to 2012 m throughout the Fijian islands and selectively processed for the cultivation of marine actinomycetes belonging to the genus Salinispora. The primary objectives were to assess the diversity, distribution and phylogeny of ‘S. pacifica’, the least well studied of the three species in the genus. Employing a sequential screening method based on antibiotic sensitivity, RFLP patterns, and 16S rRNA and ITS sequence analyses, 42 of 750 isolates with Salinispora‐like features were identified as ‘S. pacifica’. These strains represent the first report of ‘S. pacifica’ from Fiji and include 15 representatives of 4 new ‘S. pacifica’ 16S rRNA sequence types. Among the ‘S. pacifica’ strains isolated, little evidence for geographical isolation emerged based on 16S, ITS or secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene fingerprinting. The inclusion of isolates from additional collection sites and other Salinispora spp. revealed a high degree of dispersal among ‘S. pacifica’ populations and phylogenetic support for the delineation of this lineage as a third species.
The effect of induced queen replacement on Nosema spp. infection in honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) colonies
Authors: Botías Cristina , Martín‐Hernández Raquel , Días Joyce , García‐Palencia Pilar , Matabuena María , Juarranz Ángeles , Barrios Laura , Meana Aránzazu , Nanetti Antonio , Higes Mariano 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMicrosporidiosis of adult honeybees caused by Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae is a common worldwide disease with negative impacts on colony strength and productivity. Few options are available to control the disease at present. The role of the queen in bee population renewal and the replacement of bee losses due to Nosema infection is vital to maintain colony homeostasis. Younger queens have a greater egg laying potential and they produce a greater proportion of uninfected newly eclosed bees to compensate for adult bee losses; hence, a field study was performed to determine the effect of induced queen replacement on Nosema infection in honey bee colonies, focusing on colony strength and honey production. In addition, the impact of long‐term Nosema infection of a colony on the ovaries and ventriculus of the queen was evaluated. Queen replacement resulted in a remarkable decrease in the rates of Nosema infection, comparable with that induced by fumagillin treatment. However, detrimental effects on the overall colony state were observed due to the combined effects of stressors such as the queenless condition, lack of brood and high infection rates. The ovaries and ventriculi of queens in infected colonies revealed no signs of Nosema infection and there were no lesions in ovarioles or epithelial ventricular cells.
Implementing ecosystem‐based management: evolution or revolution?
Authors: Berkes Fikret 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs a dominant paradigm, ecosystem‐based fisheries have to come to terms with uncertainty and complexity, an interdisciplinary visioning of management objectives, and putting humans back into the ecosystem. The goal of this article is to suggest that implementing ecosystem‐based management (EBM) has to be ‘revolutionary’ in the sense of going beyond conventional practices. It would require the use of multiple disciplines and multiple objectives, dealing with technically unresolvable management problems of complex adaptive systems and expanding scope from management to governance. Developing the governance toolbox would require expanding into new kinds of interaction unforeseen by the mid‐twentieth‐century fathers of fishery science – governance that may involve cooperative, multilevel management, partnerships, social learning and knowledge co‐production. In addition to incorporating relatively well‐known resilience, adaptive management and co‐management approaches, taking EBM to the next stage may include some of the following: conceptualizing EBM as a ‘wicked problem’; conceptualizing fisheries as social‐ecological systems; picking and choosing from an assortment of new governance approaches; and finding creative ways to handle complexity.
Liberalising the German model: institutional change, organisational restructuring and workplace effects
Authors: Casey Catherine , Fiedler Antje , Erakovic Ljiljana 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTInstitutional change at supranational, European Union level affects national and firm level institutions in various ways. This article traces effects of liberalisation measures in the airport industry enacted in two airport firms in Germany. The study, based on qualitative empirical research, found that EU liberalisation facilitated company creation of subsidiaries (subsidiarisation) and elevated shareholder interest in corporate governance. These factors affected institutional practices and cultural norms within the German industrial context that in turn influenced significant alterations in employment and workplace relations. Considerable disruption of the German social partnership model of corporate governance and industrial relations was observed. However, in addition to patterns of convergence towards neoliberal practices and outcomes frequently observed in Anglo‐Saxon systems, the study found some elements of effective retention of cultural institutional resources of the German model. Both ‘path departure’ and social embeddedness appear to coexist.
The views of people who care for adults with Down’s syndrome and dementia: a service evaluation
Authors: Furniss Kate Atkins , Loverseed Annie , Lippold Tessa , Dodd Karen 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summarySometimes older people get confused and forget things and need lots of help: this is called dementia. People with Down’s syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than other people with learning disabilities. When people have dementia, they need extra help from their families or from their care staff.Psychologists talked to families and care staff about what they knew about dementia, and what they found difficult about caring for somebody with Down’s syndrome and dementia. They were asked about what help they got from services and what help they would like in the future.It was found that:
Most people found it hard looking after someone with Down’s syndrome and dementia.
Review meetings were very important to them. They asked to be there for assessments and meetings.
Most people wanted to know more about Down’s syndrome and dementia. They asked for a booklet about it and for someone to explain it to them.
Some people worried a lot about the future.
SummaryIt is well established that people with Down’s syndrome are more likely to develop dementia than other people and that onset of dementia is likely to occur earlier at an earlier age. The article reports on a specialist service for people with Down’s syndrome and dementia. The service has offered dementia screening and assessment to people with Down’s syndrome for over 10 years and has also developed to offer support and training for carers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family carers, relatives and staff about the impact on them of caring for someone with Down’s syndrome and how the dementia service supports them in this role. The resulting data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The responses provide rich insights into the areas of ‘knowledge and information’, ‘coping and support’ and ‘concerns about the future’. Interviewees also identified services they wanted for the future. As a result of this evaluation, a number of changes have been proposed and begun to be implemented within the service. The results have important implications for other health, social care and voluntary organisations.
Communication supports in residential services for people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Dalton Caroline , Sweeney John 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary

Support staff were asked what were the important things they did to support people with an intellectual disability and communication difficulties.

Support staff said that they understood that facilitating people to communicate effectively could improve the quality of life of these people.

However, support staff said they did not always have the training or resources to provide this support.

Support staff need to learn more about how to support people with an intellectual disability and ensure their right to communicate is upheld.

SummaryThis study explores front‐line staff knowledge and perceptions of how people with intellectual disability residing in residential services are supported to communicate effectively. Participants (n = 138) completed a self‐report questionnaire adapted from an instrument developed by DeSimone & Cascella (2005) Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 17(1): 1. Support staff recognise that facilitating people with an intellectual disability to communicate is an important part of their role. Support staff indicate that when the importance of supporting communication is recognised and prioritised, it has a marked impact on the quality of life of people availing of residential services. However, front‐line staff indicate that they do not always have the knowledge or resources to provide such supports. Lack of specialist support services such as speech and language therapists is identified as a constraint. It is suggested that an organization‐wide commitment is required across front‐line services to ensure that the right of people with an intellectual disability to communicate is upheld.
Urinary cortisol levels of gray‐cheeked mangabeys are higher in disturbed compared to undisturbed forest areas inKibaleNationalPark,Uganda
Authors: Jaimez N. A. , Bribiescas R. G. , Aronsen G. P. , Anestis S. A. , Watts D. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHabitat disturbance due to anthropogenic activities is a source of acute and chronic energetic stress in wild animals, including primates. Physiological responses to stress can compromise growth and reproduction, increase susceptibility to infection and lead to deleterious effects on health and conservation efforts. However, physiological measures of energetic stress in association with habitat disturbance are uncommon, especially for wild primate species. Here, we report differences in the stress hormone cortisol in two subpopulations of wild gray‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed forest areas ofKibaleNationalPark,Uganda. Cortisol levels were assessed via opportunistically and noninvasively collected urine samples using previously validated methods. We hypothesized that mangabeys in disturbed forest (DF) areas would experience greater stress and therefore exhibit higher average cortisol levels than conspecifics in nearby relatively undisturbed forest areas (UF). As predicted, mangabeys in the disturbed area had significantly higher cortisol levels (unpairedt‐test of log transformed data,t = 4.88, d.f. = 108,P < 0.0001). Mangabeys in undisturbed forest exhibited expected diurnal patterns of cortisol excretion while those in disturbed areas did not, suggesting alteration of the circadian pattern of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function (DF,r = 0.12,P = 0.43;UF,r = 0.35,P = 0.005). Reasons for differences are unclear, but could include altered food availability and distribution, human contact or other anthropogenic effects. Noninvasive measurements of urinary hormones are useful for quantifying animal energetic stress in the wild and assessing the effects of conservation efforts to attenuate anthropogenic stress in wild populations.
Developing β‐secretase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Brindisi Margherita , Tang Jordan 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 71–83.Abstractβ‐Secretase (memapsin 2; BACE‐1) is the first protease in the processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the production of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brain. It is believed that high levels of brain Aβ are responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, β‐secretase is a major therapeutic target for the development of inhibitor drugs. During the past decade, steady progress has been made in the evolution of β‐secretase inhibitors toward better drug properties. Recent inhibitors are potent, selective and have been shown to penetrate the blood‐brain barrier to inhibit Aβ levels in the brains of experimental animals. Moreover, continuous administration of a β‐secretase inhibitor was shown to rescue age‐related cognitive decline in transgenic AD mice. A small number of β‐secretase inhibitors have also entered early phase clinical trials. These developments offer some optimism for the clinical development of a disease‐modifying drug for AD.
A qualitative study of depressive symptoms and well‐being among first‐time mothers
Authors: Haga Silje M. , Lynne Anita , Slinning Kari , Kraft Pål 
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 458–466A qualitative study of depressive symptoms and well‐being among first‐time mothersBackground and aim:  Ten to 15% of women experience postpartum depression. First‐time mothers are particularly at risk. The present qualitative study aimed to gain insight in terms of why some women find the transition of becoming a mother to be so emotionally taxing that they feel some level of depressed mood, while others feel mostly content after having a baby.Method:  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 self‐selected first‐time mothers. Participants described their pregnancy and birth experience, expectations and experiences with regard to the postpartum period, social support and what they considered important with regard to well‐being and depression in the postpartum period. Data were analysed by means of thematic analyses. Ethical approval was granted by the Regional Ethics Committee.Results:  Two approaches to motherhood emerged, which we refer to as ‘relaxed’ and ‘controlled’. These approaches influenced how the mothers had envisioned the postpartum period, their need for mastery and how they experienced it emotionally. Social support and managing breastfeeding stood out as important with regard to well‐being and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:  Frequent consultations with midwifes and public health nurses during the pregnancy and the postpartum period gives unique opportunities for preventive work. The consultations should to a greater extent focus on the woman’s expectations and needs, and the partner should be present for an open discussion on how they best support each other in this vulnerable period.
Genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis and Fcγ receptors
Authors: Chai L. , Song Y.‐Q. , Leung W. K. 
Published: November 2011

Chai L, Song Y‐Q, Leung WK. Genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis and Fcγ receptors. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 273–285. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SPeriodontitis is a complex chronic subgingival plaque‐induced inflammatory disease influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, behavior and the environment. Many genetic association studies have been conducted in periodontology. One of the most extensively investigated gene families is the Fcγ receptor gene family, which plays a key role in regulating host immune responses to bacteria. Unlike other genetic polymorphisms reported in periodontology, most Fcγ receptor polymorphisms reported not only have established biological functions but are reported to associate with other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. There are, however, few recent reviews summarizing the association of this gene family with periodontitis. This article critically reviews the current understanding of genetic polymorphism studies in periodontitis, then summarizes the research status of Fcγ receptor polymorphisms and periodontitis and also of other genes involved in the regulatory network of Fcγ receptors, with special reference to their anticipated biological roles. Moreover, some possible future research directions in the related area are discussed.