bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affen‐Aidsviren: Übersicht
Authors: Brack Manfred 
Published: May 2010

SummarySimian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SAIDS): A ReviewThe review article on Simian AIDS viruses compiles the presently known facts of AIDS‐related simian retroviruses causing immunodeficiencies or lymphomas in nonhuman primates. They are also compared to the situation in man.Simian acquired immunodeficiencies or lymphoproliferative diseases can be caused by infectious (exogenous) oncoviruses (C‐ or D‐type) or by lentiviruses.Infectious D‐type oncoviruses of simian origin are:Mason‐Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV)Simian Retrovirus type 1 (SRV‐1)Simian Retrovirus type 2 (SRV‐2).The simian D‐type oncoviruses do not have a counterpart in man.Infectious C‐type oncovirus of monkeys is STLV, related to, but not identical with HTLV.Most serious to man might be simian lentivirus‐infections (SIVs) due to the genetic instability of many lentiviruses.The properties of the different viruses, the clinical symptoms and morphological lesions caused by these agents are outlined and the possible dangers to man discussed. MPMV and the SRVs are considered as genetically stabilized and probably not infectious to man, at least no D‐type virus infections of man are known. STLV should be treated with caution due to the close genetic relationship of man and nonhuman primates and of STLV and HTLV, although even in STLV‐positive colonies no human infections were reported so far. Extreme caution seems advisable regarding the SIVs, not only because of the close phylogenetic and genetic relationships to HIVs. HIVs and SIVs, which are considered to have diverged only comparably recently from common ancestors and from each other possess a marked genetic plasticity (unstability). Therefore working with Old World monkeys, especially of African origin, with tissues of blood obtained from such animals requires certain protective action.ZusammenfassungEs wird ein Überblick über AIDS‐artige Infektionen bei nichthumanen Primaten und die sie verursachenden Retroviren gegeben. Erworbene Immunschwächen, bzw. maligne Lymphome werden bei verschiedenen Affenarten durch exogene D‐Typ‐Viren (Mason‐Pfizer‐Virus, SRV‐1, SRV‐2) oder C‐Typ‐Viren bzw. Lentiviren (STLV, SIV) verursacht. Die Erregereigenschaften, klinischen Symptome und morphologischen Veränderungen werden besprochen und mögliche Gefahrenpotentiale für Menschen erörtert.
Seroepidemiological Survey of Rabies Virus Antibodies in Non Vaccinated Dogs in Nsukka Environs, Nigeria
Authors: Wosu L. O. , Anyanwu H. N. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum samples from 254 non vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in Nsukka environs, Nigeria were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination‐inhibition technique. The prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in, less than 3 months, 3—6 months, and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5 %, 7.3 % and 22.8 % respectively, and overall 16.1 % in the dog population. This was the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non vaccinated dogs in Eastern Nigeria. The results were discussed with respect to the epidemiology of prototype rabies and rabies‐related viruses. It was suggested that the antibodies were most probably due to the non virulent prototype rabies or rabies‐related virus strains. 83.9 % of susceptible dogs in the population suggested a mandatory regular a vaccination of all dogs in interest of public health and control of the disease. The study highlighted the need for more studies on epidemiology of rabies and rabies‐related viruses in Nigeria.ZusammenfassungSeroepidemiologische Untersuchung von Tollwut‐Antikörper‐Titern in nichtgeimpften Hunden in der Gegend von Nsukka, NigeriaSerumproben von 254 nichtgeimpften und offensichtlich gesunden Hunden aus der Gegen von Nsukka, Nigeria wurden mit dem Hämagglutinationshemmungstest auf den Gehalt von Tollwut‐Antikörpern untersucht. Die Antikörper‐Prävalenzrate war bei Hunden im Alter unter 3 Monaten 17,5 %, von 3–6 Monaten 7,3 %, über 6 Monaten 22,8 % und in der Gesamtpopulation 16,1 %.Die Arbeit stellt den ersten Bericht über die Verteilung von Tollwut‐Antikörpern bei nichtgeimpften Hunden in Ost‐Nigeria dar.Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der Epidemiologie des Tollwutvirus selbst sowie verwandter Viren diskutiert. Man vermutet, daß die Antikörper höchstwahrscheinlich auf nichtvirulente Tollwutstämme oder verwandte Viren zurückzuführen sind. Da 83,9 % der Hundepopulation empfänglich sind, wird im Hinblick auf die Volksgesundheit Impfpflicht und Kontrolle der Seuche empfohlen.Die Untersuchung beleuchtet die Notwendigkeit weiterer epidemiologischer Studien über Tollwut und tollwut‐verwandte Viren in Nigeria.
Disorders Induced by the Experimental Infection of Pigs with the Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (P. R. C. V.)
Authors: Vannier P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFive colostrum deprived hysterectomy‐derived piglets were inoculated by the intratracheal route with a Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV). The clinical effects and growth performances were compared with those in 5 similar piglets which were inoculated with Minimum Eagle Medium only. A transient hyperthermia, mild to severe dyspnoea, polypnoea and an obvious cessation of growth were recorded on infected pigs only whereas the control group did not show any adverse reaction after inoculation. The reasons for the variability of effects of experimental infection observed in previous trials, are discussed.ZusammenfassungStörungen bei Schweinen nach experimenteller Infektion des Atmungstraktes mit einem Coronavirus des SchweinesNach Geburt durch Hysterektomie wurden fünf Ferkel, denen Kolostrum vorenthalten wurde, mit PRCV intratracheal inokuliert. Fünf ähnliche Ferkel, die nur mit Minimum Eagle Medium inokuliert wurden, dienten als eine Kontrollgruppe. Klinische Erscheinungen sowie Wachstum bei den zwei Gruppen wurden verglichen.Vorübergehende Hyperthermie, milde bis schwere Dyspnoe, Polypnoe sowie eine auffallende Wachstumshemmung konnten nur bei infizierten Ferkeln beobachtet werden, wobei die Kontrollgruppe keinerlei ungünstige Folgen der Inokulation mit Medium aufwies. Die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse früherer Versuche mit experimenteller Infektion werden diskutiert.
Immunohistochemical Methods for the Visualization ofMycobacterium paratuberculosisin Bovine Tissues
Authors: Massone A. R. , Martín A. A. , Ibargoyen G. S. , Gimeno E. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP), streptavidin‐biotin (SB), and avidin‐biotin‐complex (ABC) techniques have been evaluated for the visualization ofMycobacterium paratuberculosis(Mp) in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded bovine tissues. The used immunoperoxidase techniques were comparatively better than the Ziehl‐Neelsen stain, specially for the demonstration of small number of mycobacteria in tissue sections.
Erosive Colitis in Experimental Canine Leishmaniasis
Authors: González J.L. , Fermin M. L. , Garcia P. , Rollan E. , Castaño M. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix 4 month‐old beagles were inoculated with Leishmania infantum, three of them intraperitoneally (Group A) and the other three intravenously (Group B). The animals from Group A were killed at 109, 433 and 592 days after inoculation and animals from Group B 109, 171 and 334 days after inoculation. At 350 days (Group A) and 275 days (Group B) after inoculation, dogs started to develop a chronic large bowel diarrhoea. At necropsy a diffuse colonic and rectal wall thickening of gradually increasing severity was observed. Histological examination of the colon showed a diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa by macrophages with amastigotes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and some neutrophils and eosinophils. The surface epithelium developed increasingly extensive degeneration, which caused the development of erosions on the mucosal surface. The crypts of Lieberkühn decreased in number and showed degeneration of the crypt epithelium.
Evidence that the Sheep Associated Form of Malignant Catarrhal Fever is caused by a Herpes Virus
Authors: Schuller W. , Cerny‐Reiterer S. , Silber R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOut of a cow, which was infected with the sheep form of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), blood and spleen samples were inoculated into rabbits. From the spleen cells of an infected rabbit, which were cocultivated with bovine embryonic gingiva cells, a herpesvirus could be isolated. The isolate showed crossreactions with reference sera against the strain WC 11 (wildebeest form) in the SNT. An immunosuppressed heifer, which was infected with the isolate, contracted typical clinical symptoms of MCF. The isolate was named No. 732.
Phagocytosis of Opsonized Fluorescent Microspheres by Equine Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Foerster R. J. , Wolf G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEquine blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were isolated by buffy coat and hypotonic lysis of residual erythrocytes. A highly reproducible method is described for measuring the uptake of opsonized latex microspheres by equine PMN using flowcytometry. The use of cytochalasin D allowed for differentiation of ingested from attached particles. The kinetics of phagocytosis invitrois shown for different experimental conditions. We developed an assay for evaluation of phagocytic capacity of PMN which allows the assessment of drugs for their influence on phagocytosisin vivoas well asin vitro.
On the Importance of Bacterial L‐Forms in Pigeons*
Authors: Kiessling Dagmar , Gerlach Helga , Kösters J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFollowing a definition of bacterial L‐forms and a literature review on introduction and reversion of bacteria to and from L‐forms, respectively, the results of a study comprising 587 samples (316 pigeons and 271 pigeon eggs) are reported. As a control 25 free living pigeons and 25 eggs of those pigeons were used, because antibiotic treatment of these could be excluded. From 79 samples (75 pigeons and 4 eggs)Salmonella typhimuriumvar. copenhagen (STMC) was isolated (non from the urban pigeons), of them 11 in the L‐form from joints and organs and 3 from eggs. 325 of other bacterial isolates were found as L‐forms (=approx. 40%). Out of 168 serum samples investigated, 33.9% showed antibodies against STMC. Corresponding antibodies could only be demonstrated in 73.4 % of the pigeons with a STMC isolate. The occurrence of L‐forms explains resistance to therapy and the failure of vaccines. The high frequency of L‐forms is probably an indication of an inconsequential use of antibiotics in managing pigeon diseases.
Influence of Estradiol Administration to Lactating Cows on Bacterial Growth in Milk Whey
Authors: Saad A. M. , Kaartinen L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBacterial growth(E. coli)in whey was studied by turbidometric technique during estradiol benzoate administration (0.02 mg/kg of body weight/day for 12–19 days) to 13 ovariectomized cows at three stages (early, mid and late) of the 1st‐ and 3rd‐lactations. Whey samples from cows at early stage (60–90 days) of 1st‐lactation promote the growth ofE. coliduring the estradiol treatment. This included a significant increase in the maximum turbidity and a decrease in the generation time. Bacterial growth was inhibited in whey from cows at other stages of lactation during the hormone treatment. The degree of inhibition varied at different stages of lactation. No significant alterations in the ability of whey to support bacterial growth were observed in 3 ovariectomized cows treated with the drug vehicle (arachis oil) alone. Majority of the quarters included in the present study were bacteriologically negative throughout the study.
Chlamydienbefunde aus einer größeren Greifvogelhaltung
Authors: Gerbermann H. , Jakoby J. R. , Kösters J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIncidence of Chlamydia in an aviary station of birds of preyAntigen againstChlamydia psittaciwas detected in 31 % to 41 % of healthy birds of prey (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, andStrigiformes) by examination of cloacal swabs and faeces out of 119 birds with antigen‐ELISA and cell culture. Chlamydia psittaci‐antibodies could be demonstrated in 34% of birds by CF, in 74% by BELISA, and in 71% by Chlamydia‐Antibody‐ELISA (Chlamydia‐AK‐EIA®).Changes of govermental regulations are discussed.ZusammenfassungIn einer geschlossenen Greifvogelstation mit 119 Vögeln konnte je nach Untersuchungsmethode (Zellkulturverfahren, Antigen‐ELISA) bzw. Untersuchungsmaterial (Schmelzprobe, Kloakentupfer) bei 31 % bis 41 % der klinisch unauffälligen Greifvögel (Accipitriformes), Falken (Falconiformes) und Eulen (Strigiformes) Chlamydia psittaci‐Antigen nachgewiesen werden. Mit der KBR konnten bei 34 %, mit dem BELISA bei 74 % und dem Chlamydia‐Antikörper‐ELISA (Chlamydia‐AK‐EIA®) bei 71 % der Tiere Antikörper nachgewiesen werden.Eine Änderung der staatlichen Bekämpfungsstrategie wird diskutiert.
Postnatal Changes in Lymphocyte Function of Dairy Calves
Authors: Nagahata H. , Kojima N. , Higashitani I. , Ogawa H. , Noda H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLymphocyte blastogenic response, B‐lymphocyte population and antibody‐producing activity of lymphocytes were determined to evaluate the lymphocyte function in neonatal calves during the first 4 weeks of life. The mean percentage of B‐lymphocytes ranged from 10.2 to 12.5% during the first 14 days of life and from 15.3 to 17.5% in calves from the day 21 to day 28 after birth. The absolute number of B‐lymphocytes increased significantly (P <0.05) from 370/μl at birth to 736/μl on day 28 after birth. The mean stimulation index of blastogenic response, measured by fluorometric assay, ranged from 5.75 to 6.61 with Con A, from 5.29 to 5.98 with PHA and from 1.89 to 2.50 with PWM. The mean (± S. D.) number of plaque forming cells ranged from 22.0 (± 12.0) to 24.7 (± 9.2) in cultured lymphocytes from 5 calves at birth to 14 days after birth and their levels increased markedly from 137.8 (± 88.3) to 162.0 (± 57.8) in lymphocytes from 20 days to 28 days after birth. The present study showed that antibody‐producing activity of lymphocytes is lower in calves within 3 weeks after birth compared to that of calves 3 weeks after birth, indicating that neonatal calf lymphocytes have a low antibody‐producing activity at least up to 1 month after birth.
Experimental OralSalmonella dublinInfection in Calves A Bacteriological and Pathological Study
Authors: Segall T. , Lindberg A. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryGroups of calves (6–7, 12–14 and 24–28 weeks old) were orally infected with different numbers of the virulentSalmonella dublinstrain SVA47. For the 6–7 weeks old calves the LD50‐dose was estimated to be 1 times 107bacteria. A dose of 109bacteria was lethal within 24 hrs with the calves dying from septicemia and an acute necrotizing panenteritis. Calves 12–14 weeks old given 2 times 1010SVA47 bacteria succumbed to a progressive enteritis within one week. The 24–28 weeks old calves were resistant to an infective dose of 1 times 1010SVA47 bacteria. In the 6–7 and 12–14 weeks old calves SVA47 could be recovered from the entire intestinal tract, the liver and the spleen. In the oldest calvesS. dublinSVA47 was recovered only from fecal specimens. However, the immunohistopathological examinations, using anS. dublinO‐antigen‐specific mouse monoclonal antibody and PAP‐staining, showed the presence ofS. dublinSVA47 in all tissues of the intestinal canal from calves of all ages and with a special affinity for the columnar enterocytes of the terminal jejunum and ileum, the follicle‐associated epithelium over the Peyer's patches, and glandular tissues in the duodenum, tonsillar area and the lungs. Surviving calves responded with serum antibody titers against the O‐antigenic lipopolysaccharide which appeared in the order IgM followed by IgA, IgG1 and IgG2.
Pathogenesis of Experimental Combined Infections withIsospora suisand Rotavirus in Conventional and Gnotobiotic Piglets
Authors: Vítovec J. , Koudela B. , Kudweis M. , Štěpánek J. , Šmíd B. , Dvořák R. 
Published: May 2010

Summary51 gnotobiotic and 63 conventional, one‐, or two‐days‐old piglets were divided into five groups and infected orally either withIsospora suisor rotavirus alone, or with both agents simultaneously or successively with alternative sequences and various intervals. 15 gnotobiotic and 10 conventional piglets served as controls. The development of small intestinal lesions after infection withI. suiswas biphasic. The dominant alteration resulting from rotavirus infection was villus atrophy, considerably more pronounced and extensive in gnotobiotic than in conventional piglets. Synergistic action ofI. suisand rotavirus was manifested both clinically, and morphologically. This action culminated at the time of the actual, or presumed development of merogony ofI. suis, i. e. on DPI 3 to 5. The action develops only if the intestinal epithelium is damaged functionally and morphologically by a preceding rotavirus infection. It is concluded that the synergistic action is based on a competition of rotavirus andI. suisfor mature, enzymatically active absorptive cells.
Krankheiten und Todesursachen bei einheimischen Wildvögeln*
Authors: Glünder G. , Siegmann O. , Kohler W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDiseases and causes of death in native wild birds ‐ Literature Review ‐Little attention was dedicated to diseases and causes of death of indigeneous wild birds compared to poultry until recent decades. The interest of veterinary medicine in the spectrum of causes of morbidity and mortality of wild birds increased with the understanding of the importance of these birds as vectors in the epidemiology of zoonoses and as a biological indicator for the occurrence of substances noxious for the environment.The climate as a natural factor and the influences of civilization as traffic, high voltage lines and oil contamination of the sea lead to a reduction of bird species bv starvation, traumata, intoxication and degenerative or proliferative and inflammatory or non inflammatory processes. Many parasito‐logical, bacteriological, mycotic and viral diseases are wide spread among free living birds and make difficulties in keeping and breeding endangered birds.ZusammenfassungErkrankungen und Todesursachen bei einheimischen Wildvögeln wurde bis vor wenigen Jahrzehnten eine verhältnismäßig geringe Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Das veterinärmedizinische Interesse am Spektrum der bei Wildvögeln verbreiteten Morbiditäts‐ und Mortalitätsursachen wuchs in dem Maße, in dem die epidemiologische Rolle dieser Tiere als Verbreiter von Zoonosen und Zooanthroponosen und ihre Bedeutung als Bioindikatoren für das Vorkommen von umweltbelastenden Substanzen erkannt wurde.Natürliche Lebensbedingungen wie das Klima und zivilisatorische Veränderungen wie das Verkehrsgeschehen, die zunehmende Verbauung der Landschaft mit Hochspannungsleitungen und die Ölverschmutzung des Meeres, führen zum Rückgang einheimischer Vögel durch Verhungern, Traumata und Intoxikationen sowie durch degenerative oder proliferative, entzündliche oder nicht‐entzündliche Erkrankungen. Zahlreiche, durch Parasiten, Bakterien, Pilze und Viren bedingte Krank‐heiten sind bei freilebenden Vögeln verbreitet und erschweren die Haltung und Nachzucht bedrohter Arten in Gefangenschaft.
ISCOM of BHV‐1 Envelope Glycoproteins Protected Calves Against Both Disease and Infection
Authors: Merza M. , Tibor S. , Kucsera L. , Bognar G. , Morein B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA subunit vaccine in the form of immunostimulating complex (iscom) was prepared to contain the envelope glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1). This iscom preparation was tested in a vaccination experiment on 4‐month‐old calves seronegative to BHV‐1. In this experiment, four groups with three animals per group were used. Two groups were vaccinated with the iscom preparation twice, four weeks apart, one group with 50 μg and the other with 100 μg per calf. The third group received a commercial inactivated whole‐virus vaccine applying the same vaccination program. The fourth group served as control. Two weeks after the second vaccination, all the animals were challenge‐infected intranasally with a virulent BHV‐1 strain and four days later with a virulentPasteurella multocida‐ this in order to mimic hard field conditions. When exposed to challenge infection, all the animals vaccinated with the iscom were fully protected, i. e., no virus could be recovered from their nasal secretions and no clincial symptoms were recorded. In contrast, the animals vaccinated with the commercial vaccine, responded to challenge with moderate fever and loss of appetite, and virus was isolated from the nasal secretions. The animals in the control group developed severe clinical symptoms. In the sera of iscom‐vaccinated animals, the virus neutralization titers reached levels of 1/3500 or higher.
Beitrag zur Biologie des Dipylidium caninum
Authors: Hinaidy H. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA contribution on the biology of Dipylidium caninum Part IIFrom 198 cats and 182 dogs in Austria 9,134 fleas were collected. Ctenocephalides felis is the main flea of our cats (98.5%) and dogs (77.5%). Demonstration of cysticercoids of Dipylidium caninum through bleaching of fleas failed. Dissection of fleas gave, however, positive results. Each 44thflea from cats and 61stflea from dogs harbours cysticercoids. Infection intensity rates were 2.3 % for C. felis (cats), 1.2 % for C. felis (dogs), and 3.1 % for C. canis (dogs). Male fleas are more extensively, but less intensively infected than female fleas. Cysticercoids form fleas of feline origin are more infective to cats than those from fleas found on dogs. The longest patency in cats lasted 3 years.ZusammenfassungEs wurden 9134 Flohexemplare von befallenen 198 Katzen sowie 182 Hunden gesammelt. Ctenocephalides felis stellt die wichtigste Flohspezies unserer Katzen und Hunde dar. Zum Nachweis der Dipylidium caninum‐Finnen im Floh ist das Bleichen kein geeignetes Verfahren. Erst durch einfaches Sezieren der Flöhe gelang uns das Erkennen der Zystizerkoide in 145 aus 7736 Flöhen. Jeder 44. Floh von Katzen bzw. 61. Floh von Hunden war ein Finnenträger.Die Befallsextensität betrug bei Ct. felis von Katzen 2,3 %. Die von Hunden gesammelten Flöhe der Spezies Ct.canis waren häufiger befallen als die vom gleichen Wirt stammenden Ct.felis‐Exemplare (3,1 bzw. 1,2%). Im Gesamtmaterial variierte die Stärke des Befalles von 1 bis 162 Zystizerkoide. Für Ct. felis (Katze) bzw. Ct. felis (Hund) und Ct. canis (Hund) ergab sich eine durchschnittliche Intensität von 7,7 bzw. 10,6 und 7,5 Finnen per befallenen Floh. Die männlichen Flöhe waren extensiv häufiger, jedoch geringgradiger befallen als die weiblichen Exemplare. Fast durchwegs verliefen 17 experimentelle Infektionen ohne ausgeprägte Symptome. Künstliche Übertragungen an Katzen gehen mit Zystizerkoiden aus von Katzen stammenden Flöhen leichter an als mit solchen von Hunden. Die längste Patenz betrug 3 Jahre.
Retrospective Study of Myocardial Canine Parvovirus Infection by in situ Hybridization
Authors: Waldvogel A. S. , Hassam S. , Weilenmann R. , Tratschin J. D. , Siegl G. , Hänichen T. , Briner J. , Pospischil A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe diagnosis of myocardial canine parvovirus (CPV) infection used to depend on the presence of pathognomonic intranuclear inclusion bodies. The in situ hybridization technique, however, allowed to detect CPV specific nucleic acid in myocardial tissue where no inclusion bodies were found. Hence, we applied this technique to check formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded myocardial tissue from puppies with heart lesions for the presence of CPV. The tissues had been collected between 1977 and 1989. A biotinylated probe was used for in situ hybridization. This way CPV specific nucleic acid was detected in 3 dogs where CPV myocarditis had not been diagnosed on routinely stained slides because of the lack of intranuclear inclusion bodies. However, in spite of the application of the in situ hybridization technique no further myocardial CPV infection was detected in puppies with heart lesions from after 1979, confirming that the number of puppies with myocardial CPV infection declined after that year.