bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Disturbances and Adverse Driving Events in a Predominantly Male Cohort of Active Older Drivers
Authors: Vaz Fragoso Carlos A. , Araujo Katy L.B. , Van Ness Peter H. , Marottoli Richard A. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between sleep disturbances and adverse driving events in active older drivers.DESIGN: Longitudinal.SETTING: Clinic and community sites in greater New Haven, Connecticut.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred thirty older persons (mean age 78.5, 84.9% male) who drove at least once a week.MEASUREMENTS: Baseline measures included self‐reported driving patterns and sleep questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS)). The primary outcome was an adverse driving event based on self‐report and driving records and categorized as a crash or traffic infraction (composite I) or as a crash, traffic infraction, near crash, or getting lost (composite II).RESULTS: Participants reported driving a median of 17.0 miles per day, with 96.7% (416/430) driving daily or every other day. Although 26.0% (112/430) had insomnia (ISI≥8), 19.3% (83/430) had daytime drowsiness (ESS≥10), and 19.9% (84/422) had high sleep apnea risk (SACS>15), the median scores for the ISI, ESS, and SACS were normal at 3.0, 6.0, and 8.0, respectively, and only 5.1% reported drowsy driving. Over a period of up to 2 years, 24.9% (104/418) and 51.4% (215/418) of participants had a composite I and II driving event, respectively. In unadjusted and adjusted multivariable models, insomnia, daytime drowsiness, and high sleep apnea risk were not associated with a composite I or II driving event.CONCLUSION: In a predominantly male cohort of active older drivers, sleep disturbances were mild and not associated with adverse driving events. Accordingly, and because older persons are known to self‐regulate driving practices, future studies should evaluate whether sleep disturbances are more important as a mechanism that underlies driving cessation rather than compromising driving safety.
Physician Consultation, Multidisciplinary Care, and 1‐Year Mortality in Medicare Recipients Hospitalized with Hip and Lower Extremity Injuries
Authors: Adams Annette L. , Schiff Melissa A. , Koepsell Thomas D. , Rivara Frederick P. , Leroux Brian G. , Becker Thomas M. , Hedges Jerris R. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether routine surgeon consultation with medicine specialists and multidisciplinary care conferences—potentially modifiable hospital characteristics—are associated with lower 1‐year mortality in older adults with hip and lower extremity injuries.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study.SETTING:Oregon hospitals.PARTICIPANTS:Two thousand five hundred thirty‐eight Medicare recipients aged 67 and older hospitalized in Oregon hospitals in 2002 with hip or lower extremity injuries.MEASUREMENTS:Demographic, injury, comorbidity, and survival information were gathered from Medicare records for 2000 to 2003. All Oregon hospitals with a qualifying case were surveyed using a structured telephone interview to collect information about routine surgeon consultations and multidisciplinary care conferences for older adult orthopedic patients. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between hospital characteristics and mortality.RESULTS:After adjusting for age, injury severity, comorbid conditions, trauma center status, and hospital annual volume of patients with hip fracture, the relative odds of dying in the year after injury for inpatients treated in settings with routine surgeon consultation with medical staff was 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.83) compared with patients not treated in such settings. Inpatient treatment in settings with routine multidisciplinary care conferences did not significantly affect the relative odds of dying in the year after injury (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.89–1.26).CONCLUSION:Routine consultation by attending orthopedic surgeons with medicine or primary care specialists for Medicare inpatients is associated with better survival 1 year after injury.
Evolutionary Alternatives to Equilibrium Economics
Authors: Pluta Joseph E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBuilt on the fictional concept of equilibrium, mainstream economics provides a method of analysis that, when paired with the calculus, enables relatively easy identification of maximum and minimum values. Lacking empirical evidence of its behavioral assumptions, the profession accepts such familiar claims as consumer maximization of utility and business firm maximization of profit or revenue. In place of the relatively static concept of equilibrium, the Veblen‐Myrdal notion of circular and cumulative causation (CCC) arguably has greater descriptive capability and more penetrating insight for policy recommendations. This article traces the historical origins of both concepts and argues that CCC offers considerable potential for a broad, dynamic, interdisciplinary, more thorough, and more accurate analytical framework. Specific examples of work that has been done along with suggestions for future applications of this concept are given.
Ricardo, Gold, and Rails: Discovering the Origins ofProgress and Poverty
Authors: England Richard W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHenry George'sProgress and Povertywas one of the most widely read books of the 19thcentury. It is important to acknowledge the influence of classical writers such as Smith and Ricardo on George's thought. However, the content of George's most popular work cannot be fully appreciated unless one takes account of the historical period and social context within which its author came to maturity: Philadelphia and California before 1879 are part of the story ofProgress and Poverty(1979).
The Ethics of Countering the Private Counterfeiter: Rejoinder to Block
Authors: Davidson Laura 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCounterfeiting is, and should be, a crime. It involves theft by deception, and the stealing of goods or other valuables using false claims to money. But what about counterfeiting money that is already counterfeit? In Block's interpretation, such an action amounts to seizing stolen goods from a thief. Counterfeiting simply relieves the original counterfeiter of his ill gotten gains and is therefore not theft itself. The present article offers a critique of this thesis of Block's on the basis that counterfeiting money involves the theft of property from innocent people.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus antibody screening of blood donors: rates of false‐positive results and evaluation of a potential donor reentry algorithm
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Notari IV Edward P. , Zou Shimian , Krysztof David E. , Brodsky Jaye P. , Tegtmeier Gary E. , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: Blood donor screening with enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibodies to human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV)‐I, and later to HTLV‐I/II, has led to the unnecessary deferral of tens of thousands of individuals. The licensure of the Abbott PRISM HTLV‐I/HTLV‐II chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) may permit the reinstatement of historically deferred donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The efficacy of a reentry algorithm involving a follow‐up sample from EIA‐deferred donors testing HTLV‐I/II ChLIA nonreactive was evaluated using 386 serologic confirmed‐positive samples archived since the inception of anti‐HTLV donor screening. Reactivity of the 386 samples by the ChLIA, when coupled with the package insert sensitivity data, may be used to demonstrate efficacy of the reentry algorithm. Donor incidence was also examined from 2008 through 2009 to evaluate changes to the existing HTLV screening policy.RESULTS: From January 1, 1995, to April 28, 2008, a total of 64,052 donors to the American Red Cross were deferred solely because of HTLV EIA false positivity, representing more than 130,000 US donors. HTLV ChLIA identified 386 confirmed‐positive donations from 386 randomly selected donors representing reactivity to both the bioMérieux and the Abbott HTLV‐I/II EIAs (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.2%‐100%); both EIAs have since been discontinued. This is comparable to the detection of 843 of 843 confirmed‐positive samples during the ChLIA clinical trials (95% CI, 99.48%‐100%). Incident HTLV infections occurred primarily among female repeat donors during 2008 throughout 2009.CONCLUSIONS: Donors testing falsely positive by historic EIAs since 1988 should be considered for reinstatement if a contemporary sample tests ChLIA nonreactive. Changes to the existing screening algorithm seem unlikely since new HTLV infections were detected among repeat donors.
Transfusion‐transmissible viral infections among US military recipients of whole blood and platelets during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
Authors: Hakre Shilpa , Peel Sheila A. , O'Connell Robert J. , Sanders‐Buell Eric E. , Jagodzinski Linda L. , Eggleston John C. , Myles Otha , Waterman Paige E. , McBride Richard H. , Eader Scott A. , Davis Kenneth W. , Rentas Francisco J. , Sateren Warren B. , Naito Neal A. , Tobler Steven K. , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Petruccelli Bruno P. , McCutchan Francine E. , Michael Nelson L. , Cersovsky Steven B. , Scott Paul T. 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: Current US military clinical practice guidelines permit emergency transfusions of non–Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐compliant freshly collected blood products in theaters of war. This investigation aimed to characterize the risks of transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) associated with battlefield transfusions of non–FDA‐compliant blood products.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: US Service members who received emergency transfusion products in Iraq and Afghanistan (March 1, 2002‐September 30, 2007) were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections using reposed pre‐ and posttransfusion sera. Selected regions of viral genomes from epidemiologically linked infected recipients and their donors were sequenced and compared.RESULTS: Of 761 US Service members who received emergency transfusion products, 475 were tested for HCV, 472 for HIV, and 469 for HBV. One transfusion‐transmitted HCV infection (incidence rate of 2.1/1000 persons) was identified. The pretransfusion numbers (prevalence per 1000 persons) were HCV—four (8/1000), HIV—zero (0/1000), chronic HBV—two (4 /1000), and naturally immune (antibody to HBV core antigen)—nine (19/1000).CONCLUSION: One HCV TTI was determined to be associated with emergency blood product use. The pretransfusion HCV and HBV prevalence in transfusion recipients, themselves members of the potential donor population, indicates better characterization of the deployed force's actual donor population, and further investigations of the TTI prevalence in these donors are needed. These data will inform countermeasure development and clinical decision making.
Recall Alerts in Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Recipients: Implications for Patients and Physicians
Authors: SCHWARTZ JÉRÔME , BLANGY HUGUES , ZINZIUS PIERRE YVES , FREYSZ LUC , ALIOT ETIENNE , SADOUL NICOLAS 
Published: October 2010

Backgrounds: Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) malfunctions sometimes need recall. Despite the increasing number of device implantation, ICD recalls and advisories’ impacts have been little studied. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of ICD generator advisory in our center and to examine its clinical and financial implication.
Methods: We analyzed weekly Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Enforcement Reports issued between January 2000 and December 2008 to identify all advisories involving ICD generators and leads. We performed a retrospective analysis of all implanted patients affected by an advisory in our Cardiology department.
Results: During the 8 years of the study period, 13 advisories were issued for generators and one for leads, leading to a total number of 278 of 1,051 (26.4%) device with recall alerts, divided into 196 generator failures and 82 lead failures. Premature generator replacement was performed in 11 patients, whereas nine patients underwent lead replacement. There was no major complications attributable to advisory device replacement, and minor complications occurred only in one patient (lead extraction failure). Recalls accounted for 593 extra outpatient visits with a mean number of 2.20 ± 2.19 per patient. The total estimated cost of the device advisories in our population was 334,528 €.
Conclusions: ICD recalls and safety alerts frequently occur in ICD recipients and tend to increase in number and rate. Although potentially serious, they do not appear to be associated with substantial complications. Financial implications are important. (PACE 2011; 96–103)
Overweight and Obesity and Their Correlates Among Jordanian Adolescents
Authors: Hamaideh Shaher H. , Al‐Khateeb Reham Y. , Al‐Rawashdeh Ahmad B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Purpose: To provide current estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Jordanian adolescents 14 to 17 years of age living in Irbid Governorate, and to determine the factors that are associated with overweight and obesity. Design: Descriptive correlational cross‐sectional design was used. Methods: Body mass index, perceived stress, dietary habits, physical activity, and demographics of 824 Jordanian adolescents living in Irbid were measured through a multistage cluster sampling method. Findings: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.1% and 6.3%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys was 17.2% and 5.7%, respectively, and among girls was 21.0% and 7.0%, respectively. Both overweight and obesity rates were higher among girls. Physical activity, mother's educational level, and number of family members were negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. On the other hand, eating breakfast regularly, mother's weight, consumption of fried food, and perceived stress level were positively correlated with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are becoming a health problem among both boys and girls in Jordan. Clinical Relevance: Detecting the prevalence and the associated factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents is the first step toward proposing intervention strategies.
Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (Panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
Authors: SENDA Akitsugu , HATAKEYAMA Emi , KOBAYASHI Rui , FUKUDA Kenji , UEMURA Yusuke , SAITO Tadao , PACKER Craig , OFTEDAL Olav T. , URASHIMA Tadasu 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe Carnivora include the superfamilies Canoidea and Feloidea. In species of Canoidea other than the domestic dog, Canis lupus, the milk contains only traces of lactose and much larger concentrations of oligosaccharides. In this study, lactose was found to be the dominant saccharide in the milk or colostrum of two species of Feloidea, namely the African lion (Panthera leo) and the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). In addition to lactose, the following oligosaccharides were characterized in the milk of a lion; Neu5Gc(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NGc‐SL), Fuc(α1‐2)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (2′‐fucosyllactose) and GalNAc(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (A‐tetrasaccharide). The colostrum of a clouded leopard contained 3′‐NGc‐SL, Gal(α1‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (isoglobotriose) and A‐tetrasaccharide. These oligosaccharides differ in some respects from those previously identified in another species of Feloidea, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). These milks contained 3′‐NGc‐SL and A‐tetrasaccharide, while spotted hyena colostrum did not; however, it contained Neu5Ac(α2‐3)Gal(β1‐4)Glc (3′‐NAc‐SL) and Gal(α1‐3)[Fuc(α1‐2)]Gal(β1‐4)Glc (B‐tetrasaccharide).
Identification of tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) from natural habitat‐derived fecal samples by PCR‐RFLP analysis of cytochrome b gene
Authors: ISHIHARA Shinya , HERRELA Rommel J. , IJIRI Daichi , MATSUBAYASHI Hisashi , HIRABAYASHI Miho , DEL BARRIO Arnel N. , BOYLES Rodel M. , EDUARTE Medardo M. , SALAC Ronilo L. , CRUZ Libertado C. , KANAI Yukio 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTFecal DNA analysis is a useful tool for the investigation of endangered species. Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) is endemic to the Philippine island of Mindoro but knowledge of its genetic and ecological information is limited. In this study, we developed a species identification method for tamaraw by fecal DNA analysis. Eighteen feces presumed to be from tamaraw were collected in Mount Iglit‐Baco National Park and species‐known feces from domestic buffaloes and cattle were obtained from a farm. Additionally, one species‐unknown fecal sample was obtained in Mount Aruyan Preserve, where the sighting of tamaraw has not been reported in recent years. Based on DNA sequence data previously reported, the genus Bubalus‐ and tamaraw‐specific primers for PCR of cytochrome b gene were newly designed. The Bubalus‐specific primer yielded a 976 bp fragment of cytochrome b for all fecal samples from tamaraw and domestic buffaloes, but not for cattle, whereas the tamaraw‐specific primer yielded a 582 bp fragment for all tamaraw fecal samples and for one of the four domestic buffalo samples. PCR‐RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of the 976 bp PCR fragment with AvrII or BsaXI provided distinct differences between tamaraw and domestic buffalo. PCR‐RFLP analysis also showed that the species‐unknown sample obtained in Mount Aruyan Preserve, originates from tamaraw.
Polymorphisms in the bovine hemoglobin‐beta gene provide evidence for gene‐flow between wild species of Bos (Bibos) and domestic cattle in Southeast Asia
Authors: TANAKA Kazuaki , TAKIZAWA Tatsuya , DORJI Tashi , AMANO Takashi , MANNEN Hideyuki , MAEDA Yoshizane , YAMAMOTO Yoshio , NAMIKAWA Takao 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe electrophoretic variation in bovine hemoglobin‐beta (HBB) is one of the most investigated genetic markers. The presence of a unique HBB variant, HBBX, in Southeast Asian cattle has been reputed as a sign of gene‐flow from wild bovine species. In this study, we analyzed the DNA sequences of HBB genes in domestic and wild bovine species to verify this belief. Isoelectric focusing of HBB chain revealed that the HBBX in domestic cattle had dimorphism and was separated into HBBX1 and HBBX2. The HBBX1 had the same DNA sequence of the common HBB variant in gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis), while some of the HBBX2 were identical with that of Cambodian banteng (Bos javanicus birmanicus). As a result, we confirmed that the bovine HBB variants can be a good indicator of introgression between wild and domestic cattle. The HBBX1 was always predominant to HBBX2 in the continental populations, suggesting that the gaur had contributed to the gene pool of domestic cattle in this region much more than the banteng. On the other hand, the mitochondrial DNA analysis could not detect gene‐flow from wild species. Autosomal markers that can trace the phylogeny between alleles are suitable for the assessment of bovine interspecific introgression.
Cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in Landrace and Meishan pigs: Adipocyte size differences between two breeds
Authors: NAKAJIMA Ikuyo , OE Mika , OJIMA Koichi , MUROYA Susumu , SHIBATA Masahiro , CHIKUNI Koichi 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTExperiments were designed to compare the adipocyte cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue between growing Landrace (low backfat) and Meishan (high backfat) pigs at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. As pigs aged, body weight and backfat thickness of both breeds significantly increased. When compared at equal ages, backfat thickness adjusted to equal body weight was greater for Meishan pigs. The mean diameter of fat cell size also increased with age, and by 6 weeks adipocytes from both outer and inner layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue were larger in Meishan pigs. At 5 months, approximately 80% of the adipose tissue mass in Meishan pigs was attributable to adipocytes measuring 95–165 µm in diameter, whereas adipocytes of 75–145 µm comprised most of the tissue mass in the Landrace. Although the contribution of smaller adipocytes (25–45 µm) to the tissue volume was negligible, both breeds showed a biphasic diameter distribution at all ages, suggesting that adipocyte hyperplasia is still active. Our results demonstrate that cellularity differences exist between the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Landrace and Meishan pigs, and adipocyte hypertrophy is the most overwhelming contributor to the greater backfat deposition for Meishan pigs.
The dawn of emergency medicine in Vietnam
Authors: O'Reilly Gerard M , Cameron Peter A , Tan Gim A , Mulligan Terrence , Hill Carter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn 2009 emergency medicine had not been officially established as a specialty in Vietnam. As a result of a non‐government organization identifying the need to improve the delivery of emergency care, the Vietnam2010 Symposium in Emergency Medicine was held in Hue in March 2010. This involved 1 week of activity including: an Emergency Medicine Conference, providing lectures and practical workshops in topics of emergency medicine; a Deans' Conference, dedicated to the development of emergency medicine as a specialty; a Disaster and EMS Conference; and an Emergency Nursing Conference. Vietnam2010 was a high impact event and was successful in raising the profile of emergency medicine. It formalized key international linkages, showcased the role of the knowledge and skills relevant to emergency care and provided the impetus for emergency medicine specialization in Vietnam. A consensus document committing to the development of emergency medicine as a specialty in Vietnam was signed by multiple national and international governmental, university and emergency medicine representatives. Challenges included a tendency for international flagbearers from mature systems to promote the specialty according to local expectations, with a consequent emphasis on vertical specialty topics and on technology, and the running of medical and nursing conferences separately. Vietnam now needs a medium‐term plan to develop the specialty to ensure these initial steps are translated into a sustainable capacity to provide emergency care nationally.