bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma-substrate interaction in a dual frequency APPJ
Authors: Patelli Alessandro , Scaltriti Silvia Giuditta , Popoli Arturo , Martines Emilio , Cristofolini Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To achieve a uniform argon plasma in an atmospheric pressure jet, we explored the possibility of using dual-frequency excitation in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge device. Two separate ring-shaped electrodes outside an alumina tube generate the two frequencies. The upstream electrode is powered at low frequency (LF,

17

kHz

), while the downstream electrode is powered at radio frequency (RF,

27

MHz

). To assess the interaction with the substrate, a grounded electrode, covered by a glass substrate, is placed

5

mm

from the outlet of the alumina tube. We analyze the device with a fluid model and compare the results with experimental electrical and optical characterization. As the plasma is ignited by the LF, positive streamers develop from the LF electrode and reach the substrate in a few hundred nanoseconds. At this stage, the substrate is charged and a surface discharge propagates on the glass; however, no additional ionization occurs in the jet. As RF is added, the plasma is sustained by modulation in the Ω regime. At the same time, the LF polarization propagates through the plasma, influencing the sheaths on the facing dielectric walls. When the voltage drop in the sheaths exceeds a threshold level, an additional γ mode originates due to the secondary electrons emitted by the surfaces, leading to an increase in power dissipation. This coexistence of the two regimes is observed in the simulation, and it is validated experimentally by time-resolved photoemission measurements. As a result, the dual-frequency plasma exhibits a filamentary structure similar to that of an LF-driven jet. However, RF excitation caused diffused pre-ionization of the gas, which reduced the charge density gradients, resulting in wider microdischarge channels and a lower average electric field. Streamers propagation is therefore limited, while an ion flow to the substrate is maintained and controlled by the LF polarization.
Investigation of ignition of positive corona discharge in air using a time dependent fluid model
Authors: Jánský Jaroslav , Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The time dynamics of positive corona ignition from an initial seed electron to the appearance of space charge effects is studied at atmospheric pressure in a spherically symmetrical geometry. The time-dependent model incorporates a recent photoionization model and boundary conditions to properly treat the corona discharge in the proximity of the anode surface. The applied voltage satisfying the self-sustainability condition of the discharge is first calculated. Then, the time dynamics of the discharge is studied for higher and lower applied voltages. The exponential growth in electron density is identified before space charge effects significantly shield the applied electric field. The related characteristic time of exponential growth in electron density is calculated as a function of applied voltage. The time scale can be tens of nanoseconds when applied voltage is close to the threshold or less than one nanosecond when increasing voltage 10% above the threshold for atmospheric pressure. Analogous to the equality of ionization timescale and dielectric relaxation time in stable streamers, a characteristic timescale is used to predict the behavior of the discharge. When the characteristic time is about one-tenth of the dielectric relaxation time, a one-tenth reduction in the applied field on the anode is observed. As the dielectric relaxation time drops below ten times the characteristic time, the discharge behavior diverges for different applied voltages, and the characteristic time is not a good predictor of further discharge dynamics.
A swirl-based microfluidic chip for microparticle capture and assembly
Authors: Dang Yanping , Zhang Qin , Hu Shuai , Ou Zhiming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to its reliable security and advanced integration, microfluidic technology has attracted considerable scholar attention as it can be applied in extensive technical fields, such as particle manipulation, pharmaceutical analysis, etc. Our team has previously conducted research on swirl-based microfluidic chips for microparticle manipulation, including trapping and enriching. Herein, a swirl-based 4-microchannel microfluidic chip is proposed for microparticle capture, transfer and assembly. The generation of the swirling flow region is firstly verified by finite volume simulation, and the microfluidic chip is fabricated by 3D printing technology to further validate its function. Experiments and force analysis of microparticle motions are performed to demonstrate the capturing, trapping, and transferring ability of the microfluidic chip. It is worth mentioning that the microparticles assembly can be facilitated and optimized simply by regulating the microchannel flow rate of the microfluidic chip. The capturing and trapping capacity of the microchannel are also investigated through simulations with different microchannel flow rates, evaluated by specific flow field parameters. Besides, an image processing algorithm is developed to enhance the microparticle assembly. The proposed microfluidic chip provides a safe and feasible method for capture and directed assembly of microparticles, which can be further designed as bio-sensors to analyze the physical and chemical properties of microparticles.
Investigation of Efimov features and universality in 87Rb-40K mixtures with finite-range interaction
Authors: Gao Ning-Ning , Han Hui-Li , Shi Ting-Yun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of Efimov features and their relationships in 40K-87Rb Mixtures has generated extensive discussion, yet the discrepancy between Efimov universality predictions based on the zero-range approximation and experimental observations remains unresolved. In this study, we investigate the three-body collision properties with J = 0 symmetry for a 87Rb-87Rb-40K system on both sides of Rb-K scattering length to understand the mechanisms underlying this discrepancy. Our approach employs the R-matrix propagation method within a hyperspherical coordinate frame, utilizing the Lennard-Jones model potential to describe atom interactions. We predicts the existence of three-body shape resonances at large negative Rb-K scattering lengths, which leads to the enhancement of three-body recombination rates. On the positive Rb-K scattering length side, we find an Efimov recombination minimum beyond the range of previous measurements. These Efimov features, combined with experimental observations of the atom-dimer Efimov resonance, offer an opportunity to test the universality of Efimov features. Our study demonstrates the influence of finite-range effects and non-resonant intraspecies scattering length in 40K-87Rb mixtures, providing valuable insights into the universal relations between Efimov features in heteronuclear systems.
Photometric Metallicities of 0.8 Million KiDS Stars
Authors: Sun Bao-Kun , Chen Bing-Qiu , Liu Xiao-Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate determinations of metallicity for large, complete stellar samples are essential for advancing various studies of the Milky Way. In this paper, we present a data-driven algorithm that leverages photometric data from the KiDS and the VIKING surveys to estimate stellar absolute magnitudes, effective temperatures, and metallicities. The algorithm is trained and validated using spectroscopic data from LAMOST, SEGUE, APOGEE, and GALAH, as well as a catalog of very metal-poor stars from the literature, and Gaia EDR3 data. This approach enables us to estimate metallicities, effective temperatures, and g-band absolute magnitudes for approximately 0.8 million stars in the KiDS data set. The photometric metallicity estimates exhibit an uncertainty of around 0.28 dex when compared to spectroscopic studies, within the metallicity range of −2 dex to 0.5 dex. The photometric effective temperature estimates have an uncertainty of around 149 K, while the uncertainty in the absolute magnitudes is approximately 0.36 mag. The metallicity estimates are reliable for values down to about −2 dex. This catalog represents a valuable resource for studying the structure and chemical properties of the Milky Way, offering an extensive data set for future investigations into Galactic formation and evolution.
Assessing the risk of proliferation via fissile breeding in ARC-class fusion power plants
Authors: Ball John L. , Peterson Ethan E. , Kemp R. Scott , Ferry Sara E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Construction of a nuclear weapon requires access to kilogram-scale quantities of fissile material, which can be bred from fertile material like U-238 and Th-232 via neutron capture. Future fusion power plants, with total neutron source rates in excess of 1020 n s−1, could breed weapons-relevant quantities of fissile material on short timescales, posing a breakout proliferation risk. The ARC-class fusion reactor design is characterized by demountable high temperature superconducting magnets, a FLiBe liquid immersion blanket, and a relatively small size (∼4 m major radius, ∼1 m minor radius). We use the open-source Monte Carlo neutronics code OpenMC to perform self-consistent time-dependent simulations of a representative ARC-class blanket to assess the feasibility of a fissile breeding breakout scenario. We find that a significant quantity of fissile material can be bred in less than six months of full power operation for initial fertile inventories ranging from 5 to 50 metric tons, representing a non-negligible proliferation risk. We further study the feasibility of this scenario by examining other consequences of fissile breeding such as reduced tritium breeding ratio, extra heat from fission and decay heat, isotopic purity of bred material, and self-protection time of irradiated blanket material. We also examine the impact of Li-6 enrichment on fissile breeding and find that it substantially reduces breeding rate, motivating its use as a proliferation resistance tool.
Random eigenvalues of nanotubes
Authors: Bille Artur , Buchstaber Victor Matveevich , Ievlev Pavel , Novikov Svyatoslav , Spodarev Evgeny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The hexagonal lattice and its dual, the triangular lattice, serve as powerful models for comprehending the atomic and ring connectivity, respectively, in \textit{graphene} and \textit{carbon $(p,q)$-nanotubes}.&#xD;The chemical and physical attributes of these two carbon allotropes are closely linked to the average number of closed paths of different lengths $k\in\N_0$ on their respective graph representations.&#xD;\color{blue} Considering that a carbon $(p,q)$-nanotube can be thought of as a graphene sheet rolled up in a way determined by the \textit{chiral vector} $(p,q)$, our findings are based on a previous study on \textit{random eigenvalues} of both the hexagonal and triangular lattices. &#xD;This study reveals that for any given chiral vector $(p,q)$, the sequence of counts of closed paths forms a moment sequence derived from a function of two independent uniform distributions.&#xD;\color{black}&#xD;Explicit formulas for key characteristics of these distributions, including the probability density function (PDF) and the moment generating function (MGF), are presented for specific choices of the chiral vector.&#xD;Moreover, we demonstrate that as the \textit{circumference} of a $(p,q)$-nanotube approaches infinity, i.e., $p+q\rightarrow \infty$, the $(p,q)$-nanotube tends to converge to the hexagonal lattice with respect to the number of closed paths for any given length $k$, indicating weak convergence of the underlying distributions.
Additivity of coherence measures
Authors: Shi Chen , Cui Xiao-Dan , Zhou D L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the additivity of coherence measures. We demonstrate that all known additive conditions for coherence measures under incoherent operations can be reduced to a simple criterion:

C
(
ρ
⊗
ρ
)
=
2
C
(
ρ
)

. Utilizing this result, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the additivity of superadditive convex roof coherence measures. Furthermore, we examine whether the set of additive coherence measures can provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for state transformations. We find that additive coherence measures are not sufficient for identifying state transformations under incoherent operations.
Free induction decay processes of coherent folded longitudinal acoustic phonons in GaAs/AlAs finite size superlattices: control through the design of phonon dispersion curves
Authors: Takeuchi Hideo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present the concept on coherence that, in finite-size systems, free induction decay time is controllable through appropriately designing frequency dispersion curves as function of wave vector. We confirmed the present concept from numerical calculation of free induction decay time of coherent folded longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons that are generated through impulsive stimulated Raman scattering processes in fine-size GaAs/AlAs superlattices. It is well-known that, in finite-size superlattices, the wave-vector (momentum) conservation is relaxed; therefore, the width of the folded LA phonon Raman band is broadened. This is the preset focusing viewpoint. We found that a ratio of GaAs-thickness to AlAs-layer thickness, which governs the line shape of the phonon dispersion curve, influences the free induction decay time of the coherent folded LA phonon. The above-mentioned ratio also causes a change in the zone-centre gap frequency of the folded LA phonon dispersion. The zone-centre gap relates to the free induction decay time. The coherent folded LA phonon is an ensemble of the in-phase oscillating folded LA phonons. Since the finite-effect causes the relaxation of the wave-vector conservation, the ensemble of the in-phase oscillating folded LA phonons are composed of the phonons with various frequencies. The variety in frequency of the constituent folded LA phonons results in the appearance of the free induction decay depending on the zone-centre gap frequency depending on the phonon dispersion curve.
Automatic assessment of band carbide in bearing steels based on machine learning
Authors: Yu Shuaipeng , Zhang Shasha , Shu Changqing , Sun Yaxin , Ding Peiheng , Liu Xingshuai , Zhu Xiaolin , Yao Zhengjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A machine learning framework was proposed for objective and efficient band carbide assessment. The rating process framework contained three core parts: band carbide recognition, quantization, and rating. First, an improved DeepLabv3+ deep learning architecture was designed to extract the positional information of band carbides. The encoder part of the modified DeepLabv3+ utilized the pre-trained Mobilenetv2 as the backbone feature extraction network with an embedded coordinate attention mechanism; the original bilinear interpolation upsampling was replaced by the decoder part with the CARAFE upsampling operator; and a sum of the cross-entropy loss and the Dice loss was used as the loss function of the model. Compared to DeepLabv3+, the modified DeepLabv3+ achieved high recognition accuracy with improved computational efficiency. Subsequently, the band carbide morphology recognized by the segmentation model was quantitatively characterized. Finally, six classifiers, i.e., Random Forest, Catboost, KNN, SVM, Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, were selected to rate the carbide bands. The quantitative features of the band carbides and the manual rating results were taken as model inputs and outputs, respectively. The results showed that the Catboost classifier achieved the best performance with Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score of 94.00%, 94.60%, 94.00%, and 94.21%, respectively. This study provides an automated process to evaluate the band carbides, demonstrating the high potential of machine learning in bearing steel microstructure analysis.
Microstructural evolution of a low-carbon steel fabricated via wire-arc additive manufacturing: the effect of interpass time and number of layers
Authors: McCarthy Thomas , Bongao Harveen , Tolentino Marvin , Zvavamwe Felisters , Pasco Jubert , Saha Gobinda , Aranas Clodualdo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides advantages in deposition rate and design complexity compared to conventional fabrication processes. However, despite its advantages, studies on the influence of processing parameters on the microstructural evolution of WAAM components remain limited. To address the gap, this work examines the effects of interpass time and build height on microstructural development and microhardness across different regions of WAAM single-bead structures. Specifically, mild steel samples were fabricated following a two-factor, three-level, single-replicate design of experiments. Their microstructures were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, while phase transformation histories were correlated with different printing configurations through parent austenite grain reconstruction. The findings reveal that single-layer deposits exhibit a dual-phase microstructure consisting of ferrite and martensite. Furthermore, the addition of subsequent layers increases the ferrite phase fraction in the first layer, leading to a reduction in microhardness measurements. Interpass time and build height were found to influence the local morphology of parent grains, phase distribution, and grain topology. These results provide insights into the effects of thermal cycling and deposition strategies on solidification and grain growth associated with fabrication of mild steels. A deeper understanding of these relationships could enable process optimization for modifying microstructure and mechanical properties in WAAM-fabricated components, resulting to improved performance in structural and engineering applications.
A burst-dependent algorithm for neuromorphic on-chip learning of spiking neural networks
Authors: Stuck Michael , Wang Xingyun , Naud Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The field of neuromorphic engineering addresses the high energy demands of neural networks through brain-inspired hardware for efficient neural network computing. For on-chip learning with spiking neural networks, neuromorphic hardware requires a local learning algorithm able to solve complex tasks. Approaches based on burst-dependent plasticity have been proposed to address this requirement, but their ability to learn complex tasks has remained unproven. Specifically, previous burst-dependent learning was demonstrated on a spiking version of the ‘exclusive or’ problem (XOR) using a network of thousands of neurons. Here, we extend burst-dependent learning, termed ‘Burstprop’, to address more complex tasks with hundreds of neurons. We evaluate Burstprop on a rate-encoded spiking version of the MNIST dataset, achieving low test classification errors, comparable to those obtained using backpropagation through time on the same architecture. Going further, we develop another burst-dependent algorithm based on the communication of two types of error-encoding events for the communication of positive and negative errors. We find that this new algorithm performs better on the image classification benchmark. We also tested our algorithms under various types of feedback connectivity, establishing that the capabilities of fixed random feedback connectivity is preserved in spiking neural networks. Lastly, we tested the robustness of the algorithm to weight discretization. Together, these results suggest that spiking Burstprop can scale to more complex learning tasks and is therefore likely to be considered for self-supervised algorithms while maintaining efficiency, potentially providing a viable method for learning with neuromorphic hardware.
The “Real” Raiders of the Lost Ark
Authors: McGeough Kevin M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 tackles the subject of Ark explorers, those people who have launched expeditions to find the Ark of the Covenant. Most of these expeditions are what should be called “pseudoarchaeology,” as they were not based on scholarly evidence but spurious reasoning, psychic informants, and beliefs in the Lost Tribes of Israel. The chapter opens with a discussion of Jerusalem, the Temple Mount, its early explorers, and the complexities of the city’s politics. It discusses two expeditions to find the Ark beneath the Temple Mount, the Parker Expedition of the early twentieth century and the investigations of Rabbi Getz in the 1980s, as well as investigations in other places in the Middle East, such as Mount Nebo in Jordan, and even more extraordinary claims that it was taken to Ireland or Japan. The chapter also provides an aside on how the Ark is understood in Islamic traditions.
Arterioembolic Characteristics of Differentially Diluted CaHA-CMC Gels Within an Artificial Macrovascular Perfusion Model
Authors: Soares Danny J , Fedorova Julia , Zhang Yu , Chandawarkar Akash , Bowhay Alexis , Blevins Larry , Kean Thomas J , Funt David K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite the recently increased incidence and improved awareness of filler-induced ischemic injuries, the arterioembolic behavior of filler products has not been well described.

Objectives
To evaluate the embolic behavior of varying dilutions of Calcium Hydroxylapatite-Carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) gel mixtures within an artificial macrovascular perfusion model of the proximal facial artery with correlation against published instances of ischemic injuries in the literature.

Methods
CaHA-CMC gel mixtures were assessed via the Pulsatile Unit for the Laboratory Simulation of Arterioembolic Restrictions (PULSAR) system at different flow rates. The occlusive behavior, embolic particle size distributions, and morphological attributes were evaluated through direct photo and videographic captures followed by digital image processing. The PubMed database was systematically queried for all published instances of CaHA-CMC-associated ischemic injuries.

Results
Undiluted CaHA-CMC demonstrated highly cohesive behavior upon PULSAR inoculation, with a tendency toward proximal occlusion. Gel fragmentation resulted in a polydisperse embolic mixture averaging 0.151 ± 0.61 mm² (Interquartile Range: 0.006–0.022 mm²) in size. Product dilution had a profound effect on embolic behavior, with a significant reduction in average particle size (0.018 ± 0.03 mm²; Interquartile Range: 0.005–0.018 mm²; p &lt; 0.0001) and complete elimination of proximally occlusive capacity for hyperdiluted mixtures compared to undiluted product (p = 0.002). Confirmed hyperdiluted CaHA-CMC-associated ischemic injuries represented only 3% of published reports, with a predominantly self-limited clinical course.

Conclusions
Embolized CaHA-CMC gels produce polydisperse particle mixtures with a preponderance of microparticles. Hyperdilution profoundly reduced the proximally occlusive potential of the product.