bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of summer training camp on serum opsonic activity and plasma cytokine levels in female long‐distance runners
Authors: Kumae Takashi , Ishii Takashi , Osanai Hirokazu , Ito Takashi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn a summer training camp, strenuous physical exercises are carried out to improve endurance ability. The effects of the training stress on the immune system have been studied extensively. However, less attention has been paid to non‐specific immunological changes. Serum opsonic activity (SOA) is a more direct and suitable indicator of non‐specific humoral immunity. In this study, we used the luminal‐dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) to measure reactive oxygen species generation from pooled human neutrophils as an indicator of SOA. We also measured plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma cytokine levels. Twenty‐two female college runners took part in this study after giving their written informed consent. There was no significant difference in the physical characteristics and serum enzyme levels. However, significant differences were observed in the changes of blood property and plasma cytokine levels. According to MPO levels, neutrophils in vivo may be deactivated during the camp. Positive correlations between fluctuations of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels were observed in this study. According to the results of peak time and peak height of LmCL, SOA seems to increase at first qualitatively and then quantitatively during the summer camp. The increased SOA level may compensate for the decrease in neutrophil activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term outcome in patients with adrenal metastases following resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: de Haas R J , Rahy Martin A C , Wicherts D A , Azoulay D , Castaing D , Adam R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
The prognostic significance of adrenal metastases (AMs) in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of AMs on long-term outcome and the role of adrenalectomy in patients with CLMs.

Methods
All patients resected for CLMs who developed AMs at a single institution between 1992 and 2006 were included in the study. Their long-term outcome was compared with that of all other patients resected for CLMs but without AMs.

Results
Hepatectomy was performed in 796 patients, of whom 14 (1·8 per cent) developed AMs, a median of 28 months after initial diagnosis of CLMs; the remaining 782 patients (98·2 per cent) had no AMs. All 14 patients had chemotherapy, and ten went on to adrenalectomy. Median survival after diagnosis of CLMs was 50 months in patients with AMs versus 68 months in those without (P = 0·020). After diagnosis of AMs, median survival was 23 months, whether or not adrenalectomy was performed.

Conclusion
The development of AMs after liver resection for colorectal cancer deposits carries a poor prognosis, and adrenalectomy is probably not warranted.
Systematic review of oxidative stress associated with pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Sammour T , Mittal A , Loveday B P T , Kahokehr A , Phillips A R J , Windsor J A , Hill A G 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThere have been several reports of ischaemic complications after routine laparoscopy. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between this oxidative stress and pneumoperitoneum.MethodsMedline, Medline in-process, The Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE were searched for papers on oxidative stress and pneumoperitoneum, from 1947 to March 2008 with no language restriction or restriction on trial design. Papers that did not investigate pneumoperitoneum as a causative factor, or did not report outcome measures related to oxidative stress, were excluded.ResultsA total of 73 relevant papers were identified: 36 animal studies, 21 human clinical trials, nine case reports, five review articles and two comments. Pneumoperitoneum causes a reduction in splanchnic blood flow, resulting in biochemical evidence of oxidative stress in a pressure- and time-dependent manner. There is evidence that the use of carbon dioxide for insufflation is contributory. Several measures proposed to minimize the oxidative stress have shown promise in animal studies, but few have been evaluated in the clinical setting.ConclusionThere is an increasing body of evidence, mainly from animal studies, that pneumoperitoneum decreases splanchnic perfusion with resulting oxidative stress. It is now appropriate to investigate the clinical significance of pneumoperitoneum-associated oxidative stress.
Circumferential suction-assisted lipectomy for lymphoedema after surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Damstra R J , Voesten H G J M , Klinkert P , Brorson H 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
The incidence of arm lymphoedema after treatment for breast cancer ranges from 1 to 49 per cent. Although most women can be treated by non-operative means with satisfying results, end-stage lymphoedema is often non-responsive to compression, where hypertrophy of adipose tissue limits the outcome value of compression or massage.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 37 women with unilateral non-pitting lymphoedema. After initial conservative treatment for 2–4 days, circumferential suction-assisted lipectomy was used to remove excess volume. Limb compression was resumed after surgery with short-stretch bandages, followed by flat-knit compression garments.

Results
The mean preoperative excess arm volume was 1399 ml. The total aspirate volume was 2124 ml with 93 per cent aspirate adipose tissue content. After 12 months, the mean reduction in excess volume was 118 per cent. The percentage reduction in excess volume after 12 months was linearly related to the preoperative excess volume but showed no linear relationship with the duration of lymphoedema or surgeon experience.

Conclusion
Circumferential lipectomy combined with lifelong compression hose is an effective technique in end-stage lymphoedema after treatment for breast cancer.
Sympathetic nerve damage as a potential cause of lymphoedema after axillary dissection for breast cancer
Authors: Bennett Britton T M , Wallace S M L , Wilkinson I B , Mortimer P S , Peters A M , Purushotham A D 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
The physiological disturbances leading to lymphoedema after breast cancer surgery are poorly understood. Damage to sympathetic nerves during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), leading to increased capillary fluid filtration, was investigated as a possible contributory factor.

Methods
The integrity of the upper limb sympathetic nervous system was tested in 36 patients before, and 3 and 12 months after ALND. Forearm vascular resistance (FVR), calculated from forearm blood flow and mean systemic arterial pressure, was measured before and after exposure to lower-body negative pressure. Forearm venous compliance was measured using 99mTc-labelled autologous erythrocytes and radionuclide plethysmography before and after cold water immersion of the feet.

Results
There were clear changes in FVR and venous compliance in response to sympathetic stimulation but no differences attributable to surgery or between the nine patients who developed lymphoedema and the 27 who did not; nor were there differences between the two arms. There was a trend towards lower preoperative FVR in patients who developed lymphoedema.

Conclusion
Lymphoedema is not the result of sympathetic nerve damage sustained during ALND. Preoperative FVR may help predict who will get lymphoedema following this surgery.
Lasioglossins: Three Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Venom of the Eusocial Bee Lasioglossum laticeps (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Čeřovský Václav , Buděšínský Miloš , Hovorka Oldřich , Cvačka Josef , Voburka Zdeněk , Slaninová Jiřina , Borovičková Lenka , Fučík Vladimír , Bednárová Lucie , Votruba Ivan , Straka Jakub 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree novel structurally related pentadecapeptides, named lasioglossins, were isolated from the venom of the eusocial bee Lasioglossum laticeps. Their primary sequences were established as H‐Val‐Asn‐Trp‐Lys‐Lys‐Val‐Leu‐Gly‐Lys‐Ile‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Lys‐NH2 (LL‐I), H‐Val‐Asn‐Trp‐Lys‐Lys‐Ile‐Leu‐Gly‐Lys‐Ile‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Lys‐NH2 (LL‐II) and H‐Val‐Asn‐Trp‐Lys‐Lys‐Ile‐Leu‐Gly‐Lys‐Ile‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Val‐Lys‐NH2 (LL‐III). These lasioglossins exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, low haemolytic and mast cell degranulation activity, and a potency to kill various cancer cells in vitro. The lasioglossin CD spectra were measured in the presence of trifluoroethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and indicated a high degree of α‐helical conformation. NMR spectroscopy, which was carried out in trifluoroethanol/water confirmed a curved α‐helical conformation with a concave hydrophobic and convex hydrophilic side. To understand the role of this bend on biological activity, we studied lasioglossin analogues in which the Gly in the centre of the molecule was replaced by other amino acid residues (Ala, Lys, Pro). The importance of the N‐terminal part of the molecule to the antimicrobial activity was revealed through truncation of five residues from both the N and C termini of the LL‐III peptide. C‐terminal deamidation of LL‐III resulted in a drop in antimicrobial activity, but esterification of the C terminus had no effect. Molecular modelling of LL‐III and the observed NOE contacts indicated the possible formation of a bifurcated H‐bond between hydrogen from the Lys15 CONH peptide bond and one H of the C‐terminal CONH2 to the Ile11 oxygen atom. Such interactions cannot form with C‐terminal esterification.
Modeling of Multi‐Tubular Reactors for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Jess A. , Kern C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe results of the simulation of multi‐tubular Fischer‐Tropsch reactors based on a two‐dimensional pseudo‐homogeneous model are presented. The model takes into account the intrinsic kinetics of two commercial iron and cobalt catalysts, intraparticle mass transfer limitations, and the radial heat transfer within the fixed bed and to the cooling medium (boiling water). The effective rate with Co is slightly higher than with Fe. Hence, a temperature level can be used for Co that is 20 °C lower compared to Fe. The conversion and product selectivies are then almost the same and the reactor can be operated safely without a temperature runaway. The results of the simulations are consistent with literature data and show that there is still room for improvement of fixed bed FT reactors, e.g., by an enhanced heat transfer.
Numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear diffusion equations by a differential quadrature method (DQM)
Authors: Gürarslan Gürhan , Sari Murat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, accurate solutions to linear and nonlinear diffusion equations were introduced. A polynomial‐based differential quadrature scheme in space and a strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta scheme in time have been combined for solving these equations. This scheme needs less storage space, as opposed to conventional numerical methods, and causes less accumulation of numerical errors. The results computed by this way have been compared with the exact solutions to show the accuracy of the method. The approximate solutions to the nonlinear equation have been computed without transforming the equation and without using the linearization. The present results are seen to be a very reliable alternative method to the existing techniques for the problems. In order to obtain physical models much closer to the nature, this procedure has a potential to be used to other nonlinear partial differential equations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving energy efficiency of asymmetric chip multithreaded multiprocessors through reduced OS noise scheduling
Authors: Grant Ryan E. , Afsahi Ahmad 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe performance of the emerging chip multithreaded symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) is of great importance to the high performance computing community. However, the growing power consumption of such systems is of increasing concern, and techniques that can be used to increase the overall system power efficiency while sustaining the performance are very desirable. Operating system (OS) noise can have a dramatic effect on the system performance. Effectively handling the smaller OS tasks while simultaneously preserving application thread synchronicity leads to gains in the overall system efficiency. Recently, under a fixed power budget, asymmetric multiprocessors (AMP) have been proposed to improve the performance of multithreaded applications. An AMP in this context is a multiprocessor system in which its processors are not operating at the same frequency. This paper proposes two simple scheduling methods that reduce the impact of OS noise, while simultaneously taking advantage of an opportunity to increase the overall machine energy efficiency on AMP servers. Prototyping AMPs on a commercial 2‐way dual‐core Hyper‐Threaded (HT) Intel Xeon SMP server, using real power measurements across six SPEC OpenMP applications, indicates that the first proposed scheduler performs better on average for HT‐enabled systems, whereas the second scheduler is superior on average for HT‐disabled systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Do as we say but not as we do’: Organizational, professional and personal barriers to the receipt of support at work
Authors: Walsh Sue , Cormack Maggie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGiven the existence of an established literature on the costs of burnout to the well‐being of the clinician and to the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for the client, self‐care amounts to sensible preventative action on the part of the mental health worker. This study focuses on experiences of clinical psychologists working in the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain. A two‐stage qualitative study was designed which explored the attitudes and practices of this group of mental health workers towards the receipt of support at work. Analyses revealed that psychologists may be vulnerable to poor levels of self‐care because they perceive the expression of support needs as psychologically threatening.Four themes emerged as significant factors in explaining the relationship between the receipt of support and psychological threat: Organizational devaluation of supportive work practices, ambivalent professional values, psychologists' own fears of being a client, and the perceived costs of the support process itself. An explanatory model describing the interrelationship between these factors is developed.
Short‐term interventions for morbid jealousy
Authors: de Silva P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses short‐term treatment for morbid jealousy. A brief account of the clinical presentation of morbid jealousy is given. Theoretical approaches to this phenomenon are summarized and commented on. Specific behavioural and cognitive techniques are described, and their rationale explained. Case examples are cited to illustrate the use of these techniques. Some general comments on the application of these techniques are also made.
Cognition, emotion and defence: Processes and mechanisms of change in a brief psychotherapy for depression
Authors: Hingley Susan M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA brief psychodynamically oriented therapy with a female client was monitored using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The Object Relations Technique (ORT) and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) were used pre and post therapy to reflect changes in variables of relevance to psychodynamic and cognitive perspectives of depression. The data indicated changes in depression, cognitions and defences, and are used to support a theoretical discussion of potential relationships between cognitive and psychodynamic formulations. Aspects of therapy process are discussed in terms of possible underlying mechanisms, examining the importance of different characteristics of therapy in promoting change. The potential contribution of psychodynamic mechanisms to a recent model from cognitive science is considered.
Evaluation of intensity‐based ratiometric FRET in image cytometry—Approaches and a software solution
Authors: Roszik János , Lisboa Duarte , Szöllősi János , Vereb György 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe intensity‐based ratiometric FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) method is a powerful technique for following molecular interactions in living cells. Since it is not based on irreversibly destroying the donor or the acceptor fluorophores, the time course of changes in FRET efficiency values can be monitored by this method. ImageJ, a sophisticated software tool for many types of image processing allows users to extend it with programs for various purposes. Implementing intensity‐based ratiometric FRET with ImageJ vastly enhances the applicability of the FRET method. We developed an efficient ImageJ plugin, RiFRET, which calculates FRET efficiency on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis from ratiometric FRET images. It allows the user to correct for channel cross‐talk (bleed‐through) and to calculate FRET from image stacks, i.e., from 3D data sets. Semiautomatic processing for larger datasets is also included in the program. Furthermore, several options for calibrating FRET efficiency calculations were tested and their applicability to various expression systems is discussed. Although the ratiometric FRET method is widely applied, our plugin is the first freely available software for evaluating such FRET data. The program is user friendly and provides reliable, standardized results. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rational optimization of tumor epitopes using in silico analysis‐assisted substitution of TCR contact residues
Authors: Shang Xiaoyun , Wang Li , Niu Wei , Meng Gang , Fu Xiaolan , Ni Bing , Lin Zhihua , Yang Zhao , Chen Xiaolin , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAltered peptide ligands with increased affinity of the peptide–MHC complex for the TCR provide an alternative strategy to natural T‐cell epitopes for cancer immunotherapy, as they can recruit and stimulate stronger T‐cell repertoires. However, it remains unclear how alterations of the TCR contact residues improve the interaction between the peptide–MHC complex and the TCR molecule. In this study, we introduced a molecular simulation strategy to optimize a tumor immunodominant epitope NY–ESO‐1157–165 by the substitution of the potential TCR contact residues. We correlated molecule simulation with T‐cell activation capacity assay and detected the effect of modifications of TCR contact residues on T‐cell recognition. An agonist peptide W5F with substitution at Trp5 with Phe was identified and it exhibits a stronger ability to induce a cross‐reactive CTL response with the WT peptide. Additionally, the W5F‐induced CTL could be maintained with the WT peptide and possess higher capacity in lysing native NY–ESO‐1‐expressing tumor cells. These results provide important insights into the enhanced immunogenicity of epitopes through substitution at the TCR contact sites and revealed a novel molecular simulation approach for rational therapeutic peptide vaccine design.
Ligation of the OX40 co‐stimulatory receptor reverses self‐Ag and tumor‐induced CD8 T‐cell anergy in vivo
Authors: Redmond William L. , Gough Michael J. , Weinberg Andrew D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTumor‐specific CD8 T‐cell peripheral tolerance occurs through clonal deletion, suppression, and the induction of anergy and can limit the generation of anti‐tumor immunity. Several groups have demonstrated that prostate cancer can render tumor‐specific CD8 T cells anergic, suggesting reversing tumor‐induced anergy may greatly augment anti‐tumor immunity. Recent work has demonstrated that signaling through the OX40 (CD134) co‐stimulatory receptor, a member of the TNFR super‐family, can augment CD4 and CD8 T‐cell expansion, differentiation, and the generation of memory cells. However, whether OX40 ligation can reverse CD8 T‐cell anergy, and more specifically, tumor‐induced CD8 T‐cell anergy, remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate that OX40 ligation can reverse CD8 T‐cell anergy to a prostate‐specific self‐Ag in non‐tumor‐bearing hosts. Furthermore, OX40 engagement reversed tumor‐specific CD8 T‐cell anergy and restored the proliferative capacity of tumor‐reactive CD8 T cells, which attenuated tumor growth and enhanced the survival of tumor‐bearing hosts. These data demonstrate that OX40 ligation can rescue the function of anergic self‐ or tumor‐reactive CD8 T cells in vivo and suggests that OX40‐mediated therapy may provide a novel means of boosting anti‐tumor immunity by restoring the responsiveness of previously anergic tumor‐specific CD8 T cells.
Molecular Iodine Stabilization in an Extended N···I–I···N Assembly
Authors: Isaia Francesco , Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Demartin Francesco , Devillanova Francesco A. , Ennas Guido , Garau Alessandra , Lippolis Vito , Mancini Annalisa , Verani Gaetano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe adduct [bis(quinoxaline)‐2,2′,3,3′‐disulfide·I2]∞ (Q2S2·I2)∞ (1) can be easily synthesised from the reaction of Q2S2 and I2 in CH2Cl2 or, in the absence of any solvent, through diffusion of I2 vapours at 60 °C. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of an extended N···I–I···N assembly in which each I2 molecule links a Q2S2 molecule at both ends through a nitrogen atom to form a polymeric species; the d(I–I) and d(N–I) bond lengths confirm a very weak nitrogen–iodine interaction at the base of the N···I–I···N assembly. DFT calculations provide optimised distances for the N···I and I–I bonds and explanation for the zigzag chain formation: the mPW1PW functional and the B3LYP hybrid functional with a variety of basis sets for the I atomic species [CRENBL, LANL2DZ, LANL2DZ(d,p), LANL08(d), SBKJC, SBKJC polarised‐LFK and Stuttgart RLC] have been tested. Compound 1 proved stable up to nearly 100 °C, and the stability is to be mainly attributed to the lattice energy of its polymeric structure then to donor–acceptor stabilisation. The facile insertion of molecular iodine into the Q2S2 network makes this compound an interesting iodine sponge, suitable for I2 storage; moreover, Q2S2 can easily collect and release I2(g) by a temperature‐controlled process (60 and 97 °C, respectively). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Cyclometallated [C,N,O] Complexes as Metalloligands: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of New Di‐, Tri‐, Tetra‐ and Pentanuclear Heterometallic Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 21/2009)
Authors: Gómez‐Blanco Nina , Fernández Jesús J. , Fernández Alberto , Vázquez‐García Digna , López‐Torres Margarita , Vila José M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows (left) the new heteropentametallic [{Pd[4‐[W(CO)5WNC5H4]C6H3C(H)=N{2′‐(O)‐5′‐tBuC6H3}]}2(μ‐PPh2(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4)PPh2)] and heterodimetallic [Pd{4‐[RuCl2(CO)(PPh3)I2]NC5H3]C(H)=N[2′‐(O)‐5′‐tBuC6H3]}(PPh3)] cyclometallated complexes synthesized from [C,N,O] palladacycles, which behave as metalloligands by coordination through the pyridine nitrogen atom. The crystal structure (right) shows the precursor for the tungsten complex, which like its chromium and molybdenum analogues, requires UV radiation in the preparative process. Details are discussed in the article by J. J. Fernández, J. M. Vila et al. on p. 3071 ff.
A Novel Approach to the Practical Synthesis of Sulfides: An InBr3–Et3SiH Catalytic System Promoted the Direct Reductive Sulfidation of Acetals with Disulfides
Authors: Sakai Norio , Moritaka Kohei , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have demonstrated a facile and direct synthesis of sulfide derivatives using acetals and ketals, derived from aromatic/conjugated aldehydes and aromatic ketones, with disulfides and the InBr3–Et3SiH reducing system. We also succeeded in developing an unprecedented one‐pot preparation of an aliphatic sulfide from a disulfide and an aliphatic acetal. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)