bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐surface plastic deformation in polycrystalline SrTiO3 via room‐temperature cyclic Brinell indentation
Authors: Okafor Chukwudalu , Ding Kuan , Preuß Oliver , Khansur Neamul , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Fang Xufei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDislocations are being used to tune versatile mechanical and functional properties in oxides with most current studies focusing on single crystals. For potentially wider applications, polycrystalline ceramics are of concern, provided that dislocations can be successfully introduced. However, in addition to preexisting pores and flaws, a major barrier for bulk plastic deformation of polycrystalline ceramics lies in the grain boundaries (GBs), which can lead to dislocation pile‐up and cracking at the GBs due to the lack of sufficient independent slip systems in ceramics at room temperature. Here, we use the cyclic Brinell indentation method to circumvent the bulk deformation and focus on near‐surface regions to investigate the plastic deformation of polycrystalline SrTiO3 at room temperature. Dislocation etch‐pit analysis suggests that plastic deformation can be initiated within the grains, at the GBs, and from the GB triple junction pores. The deformability of the individual grains is found to be dependent on the number of cycles, as also independently evidenced on single‐crystal SrTiO3 with representative surface orientations (001), (011), and (111). We also identify a grain‐size‐dependent plastic deformation.
Impact of second victim distress on healthcare professionals' intent to leave, absenteeism and resilience: A mediation model of organizational support
Authors: Mahat Sanu , Lehmusto Helena , Rafferty Anne Marie , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Mikkonen Santtu , Härkänen Marja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between the second victim distress and outcome variables, specifically: ‘turnover intentions, absenteeism and resilience’. Furthermore, this study also assessed how organizational support mediates the relationship between second victim distress and outcome variables.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study using regression and mediation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted among (n = 149) healthcare professionals in two university hospitals in Finland from September 2022 to April 2023 during different time periods. The Finnish version of the revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (FI‐SVEST‐R) was used to assess second victim distress, level of organizational support and related outcomes.ResultsPsychological distress was the most frequently experienced form of reported second victim distress, and institutional support was the lowest perceived form of support by healthcare professionals. The study found second victim distress to have a significant association with work‐related outcomes: turnover intention and absenteeism. However, no significant relationship was found with resilience. Mediation models with organizational support revealed a partially mediated relationship between second victim distress and work‐related outcomes.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicate that second victim experiences if not adequately addressed can lead to negative work‐related outcomes such as increased job turnover and absenteeism. Such outcomes not only affect healthcare professionals but can also have a cascading effect on the quality of care. However, the mediating effect of organizational support suggests that if comprehensive support is provided, it is possible to mitigate the negative impact of the second victim phenomenon.ImpactRaising awareness regarding the second victim phenomenon, promoting a culture of safety and shifting the paradigm from a blame to just culture helps in identifying the system flaws thus improving both patient and provider safety.Reporting MethodThe study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Efficacy and safety of fire needle therapy in treating non‐segmental stable vitiligo: A randomized self‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wang Yuyi , Lin Mao , Huang Fang , Jia Ruiling , Xu Wei , He Qi , Xiong Qiong , Hu Qin , Diao Qingchun , Liu Zhaolan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo remains a challenging condition to treat. Fire needle therapy, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, has potential as an alternative therapeutic strategy. However, rigorous evidence on its efficacy is lacking.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire needle therapy, alone and combined with topical tacrolimus ointment, for non‐segmental stable vitiligo.MethodsIn this 6‐month randomized self‐controlled trial, 35 vitiligo patients were enrolled, providing three similar lesions each. Lesions were randomly allocated to receive fire needle monotherapy, 0.1% tacrolimus ointment monotherapy, or combined fire needle and tacrolimus ointment therapy. The main outcome was change in vitiligo surface area.ResultsIn total, 29 patients completed the 6‐month follow‐up. The combination therapy group showed significantly greater reductions in vitiligo surface area compared to monotherapy groups starting at months 4 and 5. By the end of the study, combination therapy resulted in remarkably higher repigmentation responses, with 89.7% of lesions showing at least mild (≥25%) repigmentation and 51.7% showing good (≥50%) repigmentation. This significantly exceeded the outcomes with topical tacrolimus ointment alone, which only achieved 6.9% mild response and 6.9% good response. Fire needle monotherapy also demonstrated steady repigmentation over time, with 69% of lesions attaining a mild response by month 6. Importantly, no major adverse events occurred.ConclusionThis study provides promising preliminary evidence supporting the use of fire needle therapy, alone or in combination with topical tacrolimus ointment, for inducing repigmentation in non‐segmental stable vitiligo. As a non‐pharmacological approach, fire needle therapy warrants further study as an alternative vitiligo treatment.
Trade and the environment, trade policies and environmental policies—How do they interact?
Authors: Felbermayr Gabriel , Peterson Sonja , Wanner Joschka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile international trade can offer gains from specialization and access to a wider range of products, it is also closely interlinked with global environmental problems, above all, anthropogenic climate change. This survey provides a structured overview of the economic literature on the interaction between environmental outcomes, trade, environmental policy and trade policy. In this endeavor, it covers approaches reaching from descriptive data analysis based on input‐output tables, over quantitative trade models and econometric studies to game‐theoretic analyses. Addressed issues are in particular the emission content of trade and emissions along value chains, the relocation of dirty firms and environmental impacts abroad, impacts of specific trade policies (such as trade agreements or tariffs) or environmental policies (such as border carbon adjustment), transportation emissions, as well as the role of firms. Across the different topics covered, the paper also tries to identify avenues for future research, with a particular focus on extending quantitative trade and environment models.
The life course boat: A theoretical framework for analyzing variation in family lives across time, place, and social location
Authors: Fasang Anette Eva , Gruijters Rob J. , Van Winkle Zachary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe propose a life course theoretical framework for understanding variation in family life courses between birth cohorts (historical time), societies (place), and social groups (social location). Building on the life course paradigm, we explain how key predictors on different levels of analysis can reinforce, precondition, counteract, preclude, or alter each other's influence on family life courses in specific contexts. The proposed framework re‐organizes and extends core principles of the life course paradigm into family life course predictors and outcomes on the individual, relational, and population levels.BackgroundThe life course approach is a well‐recognized interdisciplinary paradigm in family research but often remains too abstract to guide hypotheses about family life course variation.MethodWe demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with a qualitative case study on family life courses in Senegal and a quantitative case study on family life course change between Baby Boomer and Millennial cohorts in the United States using sequence analysis.ResultsFindings of the two example applications support that fertility decline in Senegal was primarily driven by material considerations and not by ideational change and that family life course de‐standardization was greater between White Baby Boomers and Millennials compared to Black Boomers and Millennials.ConclusionDeveloping narrower mid‐range theories that fill the basic life course principles with substantive content and target specific fields of application, such as family life courses, is promising to advance life course theory.
Piglets performance, nutrient digestibility and gut health in response to feeding Ulva lactuca seaweed supplemented with a recombinant ulvan lyase or a commercial carbohydrase mixture
Authors: Ribeiro David Miguel , Costa Mónica M. , Trevisi Paolo , Carvalho Daniela Filipa Pires , Correa Federico , Martins Cátia F. , Pinho Mário , Mourato Miguel , de Almeida André M. , Freire João Pedro Bengala , Mestre Prates José António 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUlva lactuca, a green seaweed, may be an alternative source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for weaned piglets. However, it has a recalcitrant cell wall rich in a sulphated polysaccharide – ulvan – that is indigestible to monogastrics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of 7% U. lactuca, combined with carbohydrases supplementation (commercial carbohydrase mixture or recombinant ulvan lyase), on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut health parameters (morphology and microbiota) of weaned piglets. The experiment was conducted over 14 days using 40 weaned piglets randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets: a control diet based on wheat–maize–soybean meal, a diet with 7% U. lactuca replacing the control diet (UL), a diet with UL supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP, and a diet with UL supplemented with 0.01% of a recombinant ulvan lyase. The dietary treatments had no major effects on growth performance, nitrogen balance and gut content variables, as well as histological measurements. Contrarily, dry matter and organic matter digestibility decreased with dietary seaweed inclusion, while hemicellulose digestibility increased, suggesting a high fermentability of this cell wall fraction independently of carbohydrases supplementation. Some beneficial microbial populations increased as a consequence of enzymatic supplementation (e.g., Prevotella), while seaweed diets as a whole led to an increased abundance of Shuttleworthia, Anaeroplasma and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, all related with a healthier gut. It also decreased Lactobacillus when compared to controls, which is possibly related to increased bioavailability of seaweed zinc. This study indicates that, under these experimental conditions, up to 7% dietary U. lactuca has no detrimental effect on piglet growth, despite decreasing acid detergent fibre digestibility. Carbohydrases supplementation of Ulva diets is not required at this incorporation level.
Investigating the efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy in comparison to a sleep‐monitoring application via integrated diary and actigraphy: A randomised–controlled trial
Authors: Maurer Leonie Franziska , Bauermann Pauline , Karner Lena , Müller Charlotte , Lorenz Noah , Gieselmann Annika 
Published: June 2024

SummaryDissemination of digital cognitive behavioural therapy is a promising approach for treating insomnia in the broad population. Current evidence supports the effectiveness of the digital format, but clinical findings are often limited by the choice of control group and lack of in‐depth therapeutic measures. This study was designed to investigate the specific effects of digital cognitive behavioural therapy in comparison to a self‐monitoring application. Participants meeting criteria for insomnia were randomly allocated (1:1) to 8 weeks of digital cognitive behavioural therapy or 8 weeks of digital sleep monitoring (control application). The primary outcome, insomnia severity, was assessed at baseline, 8‐ and 16‐weeks post‐randomisation. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of sleep via application‐integrated sleep diaries and actigraphy. Linear‐mixed models were fitted to assess between‐group differences. Fifty‐six participants (48 females, mean age: M = 45.55 ± 13.70 years) were randomised to either digital cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 29) or digital sleep monitoring (n = 27). At 8‐ and 16‐weeks post‐randomisation, large treatment effects (d = 0.87–1.08) indicated robust reductions (−3.70 and −2.97, respectively; p ≤ 0.003) in insomnia severity in the digital cognitive behavioural therapy arm, relative to digital sleep monitoring. Treatment effects in favour of digital cognitive behavioural therapy were also found for self‐reported and actigraphy‐derived sleep continuity variables, indicating that sleep improved throughout the 8‐week intervention period. Our study reinforces the role of digital cognitive behavioural therapy in achieving clinical improvements for patients with insomnia, affirming previous findings and supporting the specific effects of cognitive behavioural therapy.
Prospective randomized trial comparing relapse rates in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis treated with a 6‐week or 6‐month prednisolone protocol
Authors: Rose Jeremy H. , Driver Colin J. , Arrol Lorna , Cardy Thomas J. A. , Tabanez Joana , Tauro Anna , Fernandes Ricardo , Schofield Imogen , Adamantos Sophie , Granger Nicolas , Harcourt‐Brown Thomas. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, 6‐month courses of prednisolone are used to treat steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA), but this medication is associated with adverse effects that can lead to poor quality of life.Hypothesis/ObjectivesResolution of clinical signs and rate of relapse of SRMA would not be significantly different between a 6‐month prednisolone protocol and a 6‐week protocol.AnimalsForty‐four hospital cases from multiple referral centers in the United Kingdom (2015‐2019). Twenty of 44 were treated with the 6‐month protocol and 24/44 with the 6‐week protocol.MethodsProspective, randomized trial with 12‐month follow‐up. The same prednisolone protocol reinitiated in the event of relapse. Analysis of relapses with binary logistic and Poisson regression modeling.ResultsAll cases responded to their treatment protocol. Relapses occurred in 6/20 (30%) of the 6‐month protocol and 9/24 (38%) of the 6‐week protocol. There was no statistical difference in the incidence risk of at least 1 relapse between the 2 groups (odds ratio = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40‐4.96, P = 0.60). Among the 15 dogs that relapsed, 10/15 (67%) relapsed once, 3/15 (20%) relapsed twice, and 2/15 (13%) relapsed 3 times. No statistical difference was detected in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of total relapse events between the 2 groups (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI, 0.61‐3.48; P = 0.40).Conclusions and Clinical Importance“Short” 6‐week prednisolone protocols could be used to treat SRMA, thereby presumably reducing the duration and severity of prednisolone's adverse effects.
Leader empowering and upper echelons decision‐making: How and when does top managers' empowering leadership promote decision‐making speed and comprehensiveness in public organizations?
Authors: Song Shanghao , Shi Yunsheng , Ge Xiaolin , Wang Wenzhou , Yu Haibo , Tian Amy Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe efficiency of decision‐making in public organizations is a key area of interest for public administration scholars. Drawing on upper echelons theory, this study examines how top managers' empowering leadership affects decision‐making speed and comprehensiveness in public organizations. Through a three‐wave questionnaire survey involving 1149 TMT members from 133 public organizations in China, we tested the proposed theoretical model and hypotheses. Our findings reveal that top manager empowering leadership positively and indirectly influences decision‐making speed and comprehensiveness in public organizations, and through its effects on TMT behavioral integration. Furthermore, TMT work style similarity and TMT cognitive diversity can enhance and weaken the mediating relationships, respectively.Chinese Abstract如何进行高质高效的战略决策是公共管理学者关注的重要话题。然而，从高层视角探讨公共组织有效决策过程的影响因素研究仍极度匮乏。基于高层梯队理论，本研究对来自中国教育部门高层管理团队的调查问卷进行数据分析，探讨了最高领导者授权型领导对公共组织决策速度和全面性的影响机制。结果表明，最高领导者授权型领导通过高管团队行动整合的中介作用对公共组织决策速度和全面性具有积极的间接影响，高管团队的工作方式相似性和认知多样性分别作为边界条件增强和削弱了上述中介关系。本研究为公共部门高层梯队理论与战略领导力研究做出了重要贡献。
Longitudinal Quality of Life and Glycemic Outcomes of Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis Followed in a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Pancreas Clinic
Authors: Khatter Neil J. , Hum Stephanie W. , Mark Jacob A. , Forlenza Gregory , Triolo Taylor M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTotal pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) refractory to medical and endoscopic therapies. Patients often receive the initial follow‐up medical care at the surgery‐performing center, but then may follow up closer to where they live. We sought to describe the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent TPIAT at a national surgical referral center and were subsequently followed at our regional subspecialty center, the Children's Hospital Colorado.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of baseline and outcomes data for the 10 pediatric patients who underwent TPIAT from 2007 to 2020 and received follow‐up care at our institution.ResultsAll patients had a diagnosis of CP, and nine of 10 patients had an identified underlying genetic risk factor. Insulin usage was common immediately following TPIAT, but at 1 year of follow‐up, five of nine patients (55.6%) were insulin‐independent and nine of nine had an HbA1c below 6.5%. For the four patients on insulin 1 year after TPIAT, total daily insulin dose ranged from 0.06 to 0.71 units/kg/day. All patients who underwent mixed meal tolerance testing had a robust peak C‐peptide response at 1 year. There were significant improvements in nausea, school/work absences, narcotic dependence, and pancreas‐related hospital admissions 1 year after TPIAT.ConclusionsPatients followed at our center had long‐term improvements with low‐insulin usage, detectable C‐peptide, and improved pancreatitis‐related outcomes after TPIAT. Pediatric patients who undergo TPIAT can be successfully co‐managed in conjunction with the original surgery‐performing center.
Integrating leaf spectral and water status information to effectively track chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters during dehydration
Authors: Zhuang Jie , Wang Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonitoring changes in chlorophyll a (ChlFa) fluorescence during dehydration can provide insights into plant photosynthetic responses to climate change challenges, which are predicted to increase drought frequency. However, the limited knowledge of how ChlFa parameters respond to water deficit hinders the exploration of the photochemical mechanism of the photosynthetic process and the simulation of photosynthetic fluorescence models. Furthermore, how to track such responses of ChlFa parameters, especially at large scales, remains a challenge. In this study, we attempted to use spectral information reflected from leaves to follow the dynamic response patterns of ChlFa parameters of seven species under prolonged dehydration. The results showed that the investigated ChlFa parameters exhibited significant changes as dehydration progressed, with considerable variability among the different species as well as under different water conditions. This study also demonstrated that the integration of both spectral and water content information can provide an effective method for tracking ChlFa parameters during dehydration, explaining over 90% of the total variance in the measured ChlFa parameters. Collectively, these results should serve as a valuable reference for predicting the response of ChlFa parameters to dehydration and offer a potential method for estimating ChlFa parameters under drought conditions.
Alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytes as a safety valve for controlling ROS production during salinity
Authors: Demircan Nil , Sonmez Mustafa Cemre , Akyol Turgut Yigit , Ozgur Rengin , Turkan Ismail , Dietz Karl‐Josef , Uzilday Baris 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Electron fluxes depend on environmental parameters, e.g., ionic and osmotic conditions and endogenous factors, and this may cause severe imbalances. Plants have evolved alternative sinks to balance the reductive load on the electron transport chains in order to avoid overreduction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to cope with environmental stresses. These sinks act primarily as valves for electron drainage and secondarily as regulators of tolerance‐related metabolism, utilizing the excess reductive energy. High salinity is an environmental stressor that stimulates the generation of ROS and oxidative stress, which affects growth and development by disrupting the redox homeostasis of plants. While glycophytic plants are sensitive to high salinity, halophytic plants tolerate, grow, and reproduce at high salinity. Various studies have examined the ETC systems of glycophytic plants, however, information about the state and regulation of ETCs in halophytes under non‐saline and saline conditions is scarce. This review focuses on alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytic plants. In cases where information on halophytes is lacking, we examined the available knowledge on the relationship between alternative sinks and gradual salinity resilience of glycophytes. To this end, transcriptional responses of involved components of photosynthetic and respiratory ETCs were compared between the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula, and the time‐courses of these transcripts were examined in A. thaliana. The observed regulatory patterns are discussed in the context of reactive molecular species formation in halophytes and glycophytes.