bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expatriate Management and Cultural Interface between Asia and Africa
Authors: Choi Dong Ju 
Published: January 2012

The strategies adopted to manage the interface of cultures between Korea and African markets call for a more systematic investigation. There should be a backdrop for appreciating the organizational profiles by focusing on the following: First, the societal cultures in the cultural zones and the way they shaped the management of the organizations in their zones. Second, the African cultural context and the challenges that it posed to the Korean MNEs for operating in African countries. Finally, the impact that the presence of MNEs had on any of African organizations, and the organizational cultures that both of them jointly created in Africa. In this regard, CCT toolkit should be designed to teach expatriates how to succeed in Africa. At its core is a powerful tool for assessing individual cultural preferences with the ability to contrast and compare with other individual, team and national profiles.
Balanced Budget Rules in Europe: A Comparative Institutional Analysis
Authors: Wrobel Ralph M. 
Published: January 2012

One of the main economic problems of our time is that of reducing budget deficits. In Europe the “Stability and Growth Pact” should reduce deficit spending and government debts. But EU core countries such as France, Germany and Italy have been in violation of the Pact consistently for a lot of years. In contrast some countries at the European periphery are very successful in reducing their deficit. Others are able to prevent their budgets from being unbalanced. For instance Denmark - a long term member of the European Union and typical welfare state - has recorded a surplus in its national budget since 1997. Ireland - sometimes the poorest member of the Union and nowadays one of the richest ones - reduced its debts from more than 80% of GDB to less than 40%. The new EU-member Estonia has been successful in keeping the budget deficit low since independence in 1992. In this paper the different balanced budget rules in Denmark, Ireland and Estonia are analyzed in brief and compared. As can be shown balanced budget rules are able to reduce budget deficits respective to hinder the development of larger deficits. But it must be also emphasized that political consensus about the reduction of deficits respective of a consequently balanced budget is the most successful strategy. Primarily, this seems to be possible in small sized countries. Here formal rules can be seen as more or less redundant. But even where no consensus exists constitutional rules and additional application rules are necessary. As result the author demands stronger balanced budget rules in the European Union treaties to force also larger member countries into fiscal stabilization.
Ethnicity in the Process of Acculturation of Korean Australians: Focused on Family Life Patterns
Authors: Seol Byung-Soo 
Published: January 2012

This article examines Korean immigrants' family life in terms of sex role and authority patterns. Many Korean families in Sydney and Melbourne have adhered to the traditional ideology regardless of their social and economic backgrounds. The male-dominant family life is often strengthened and justified by the ideology of the ethnic community. On the other hand, others have pursued an egalitarian family life due to women's economic participation and the influence of the new culture. This was more true for young Korean immigrant families. Different family lifestyles of Korean immigrants reveal the change and continuity of their traditional culture. Korean ethnicity waxes and wanes by different individuals, generations and sexes. Their ethnicity has negative meanings for some, whereas it has positive meanings for the others. Nevertheless, their common ethnicity has become a reference point, which enables them to interact with one another and to interpret old and new cultural settings. There is little doubt that, with the progress of acculturation, Korean Australians will experience more changes in family life. However, it is also clear that Korean ethnicity will continue to play an important role as a reference point which affects their family life.
International Trends in Long-Term Care Policy for the Elderly
Authors: Palley Howard A. 
Published: January 2012

The specific contexts of such policies include many aspects such as demographic characteristics, socio-cultural factors, governmental organization and political circumstances. These factors create existential limits to choices to some extent that are termed “path dependency” or “sunken costs.” Such path dependency shapes the trajectory of emerging health policies. Nevertheless, in many respects, long-term care policies in industrial/post industrial countries face similar problems arising from the aging of populations, biomedical and medical technological advances, as well as relatively limited “options” in seeking to deal with specific issues. Recently, international trends in long-term care policy have been the focus of two significant reports and somewhat earlier in a collection of essays focused on social care for the elderly in 6 European countries. In some respects the most well formulated of these studies in terms of a comparative approach to the study of social care for the elderly is the earlier study. This analysis will examine these descriptive studies in order to focus on the mix of “global influence” and “embeddedness” influencing national long-term care policy, as well as the “clustering” of policy characteristics among various national systems. “As the devil is in the details,” some of the descriptive characteristics and national policy discussions that constitute the major concern of these studies will be summarized in this analysis.
Tackling Domestic Violence in UK: Persistent Problems
Authors: Choi Kwan 
Published: January 2012

Over the past three decades we have witnessed the public exposure of attitudes and academic discourse concerning the problem of domestic violence in the UK. It is evident from literature that domestic violence has been present throughout the history, yet changes to laws concerning the matter of domestic violence are quite a recent phenomenon. It can be argued that policies dealing with the problems of domestic violence have largely been unsuccessful, and have failed to protect victims of violence. In this context the purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons behind such recent exposure, and to answer why implemented policies and laws have largely failed. In this paper the literature, both past and present, on domestic violence and gender inequalities in the UK, has been considered for analysis and further presented to better cope with the problem of domestic violence. The paper has developed starting with addressing distinct but related aspects of the issue that is reflected in section I. The section II introduces the paper by highlighting what domestic violence consists of, followed by an introductory insight into each of the sections and discusses violence as a form of control over women and their lives, perpetuated by previous or present partners. Section III emphasises the importance of understanding of the victims, as each victim has h/her own distinct needs. Section IV explores the role of the police, to find out how much protection is provided and what type of help is available. Finally paper is concluded with discussion and possible measure that should be taken into consideration to mitigate domestic violence. It is evident that patriarchal values and beliefs still exist in modern British society, leading to the failure of recent policy and the continuing of domestic disputes. Domestic violence is just one part of the existing inequalities between men and women. The subordination of women is socially constructed, and is reinforced continually, not only by the use of violence from their husbands, but also in other areas such as salary differences etc. which in turn has created an immutable patriarchal culture. Until the embedded attitudes are tackled, policies concerning the issue of domestic violence cannot be completely successful in tackling the problem.
The View and Understanding of Yugoslavia on the Korean War: An Analysis through Illustrations
Authors: Kim Chul-Min 
Published: January 2012

Yugoslavia was always afraid of Soviet and its bloc's invasion by military power after Cominform (Informbiro) conflict in 1948. So, Korean War in 1950. has received as very important international occasion to Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia conceived Korean War as a collision between the West and the East, and started to analyze why occurred this collision in Korean peninsula instead of Balkan (Yugoslavia) which has been understood as peak of the Cold War. In this study, on the basis of such backgrounds, I explained the view and understanding of Yugoslavia on the Korean War from the view point through illustrations in newspaper of Yugoslavia. Among the various themes related to the problems of Korea and the Korean War in the illustrations, I focused on the following three points in this paper; First, Yugoslavia understands the origins of the division of the Korean peninsula and the Korean War such as a kind of Cold War caused by hegemonic policies of Super Powers; Second, Yugoslavia analyses the Korean War as an attack of North Korea on South Korea with the Soviet Union-made weapons; Third, Yugoslavia holds the view that the UN-led peace settlement rather than Power Game between Super Powers is necessary to end the Korean War and build peace on the Korean Peninsula.
Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in the UK: Case Study of Eastern Europe and the Baltic States' Women
Authors: Choi  
Published: January 2012

The focus of this paper is on the trafficking of women from Eastern Europe and the Baltic states to the United Kingdom, for the purpose of sexual exploitation. It would look at what human trafficking is and how it differs from human smuggling by examining the five different stages of trafficking. There would be an examination of the legislation that is currently in place to try to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking, with attention paid to the United Nation Convention on Human Trafficking. The extent of the Britain trafficking markets would be examined and the question of who the victims are would be explored and the reasons why these women are being trafficked. The traffickers would also be examined, looking at who they are and where they come from. The final part of this paper would then examine whether or not criminological perspectives can be used to explain human trafficking with particular reference to strain theory.
Change in the Singular Racial Concept of American Society
Authors: Lee Hyun Song 
Published: January 2012

In this paper key aspects concerning the emergence of multiracial identity are reviewed using previous researches and appropriate data. Three topics are examined; interracial marriage, racial classification scheme, and the racial designation of a child of mixed-race family. The emergence of multiracial people in official statistics provides the potential for capturing new forms of racial diversity that challenges well-established rules of identifying one's origins within one singular racial group. Overall, intermarriage and racial classification patterns show that while the racial demarcation between Asians and whites or American Indians and whites seems to blur, that between white and black remains relatively distinct. The rate of intermarriage is much smaller between white and black. However, when they have a child, it is noteworthy that they are prone to resist the One-drop rule, rather choose a neutral option of “multiracial”. When the black-white multiracial get married, half of them also choose “multiracial” for their child. This pattern of transferring the multiracial identity over generations suggests the possibility that the multiracial identity may develop into a racial category of some stability and significance. If race move closer to individual's choice and its categories become more complicated by adding many new breeds of combination, it is certain that the grip of race over Americans' lives will be weaker. The conception of singular race will be diluted with the wider adoption of multiracial along with the growth of interracial unions. It is certain that the enlarging complexity and confusion of race may move people's consciousness away from race-based frame.
A Study on Romanian Historical Dramas
Authors: Park Jeong-O 
Published: January 2012

Created in the early 20th century, almost all of Romanian historical dramas, were conceived under the influence of Al. Davila's drama Vlaicu-Vodă. Namely, writers such as Barbu Ş;tefănescu-Delavrancea, Mihail Sorbul, Nicolae Iorga -who is considered as the greatest Romanian historian-, Mircea Dem. Radulescu, Victor Eftimiu and A. de Herz described in their works the conflict between a lord and the nobility, a symptomatic medieval theme. Barbu Ştefanescu-Delavrancea published a trilogy The sunset (Apus de soare, 1909), The snowstorm (Viforul, 1910) and Venus (Luceafărul, 1910). In addition, he created Irinel (1911) and Hagi-Tudose (1912) and The Second conscience (A doua conştiinţă). The first two works, were written on the basis of the short stories he wrote as a young writer, but they were not aesthetically well received by literary critics of the period. Delavrancea wrote an historical trilogy as well. The first part, The sunset, was evaluated as his most successful literary work. This historical work has a strong romantic feature having as background the year of 1504, last year of reign of the glorious prince Stephen the Great, Ruler of Moldova. The sunset is an historical drama that connects three other Romanian historical dramas: Hasdeu's Ravan gi Vidra, Alexandri's Despot-Voda and Davila's Vlaicu-Voda. The plot of Venus, the last part of Delanvrancea's trilogy, is in progress at the beginning of Petru Rareg's reign, the lord of Principality of Moldova. Mihail Sorbul's creation in drama contains ‘dramatic sketches (schiţe dramatice)’ and ‘tragic comedy(comedii tragice)’ centered on some real historical figures. Sorbul's representative work, The chronicles, is a historical drama and it's made up a total of five chapters. In this work, we can also see the ‘classic’ conflict of Romanian historical drama between a lord and nobles. The snowstorm is a romantic historical drama, composed of four chapters with the main character of this work being the lord of the Principality of Moldova. The main feature of Romanian historical drama, the constant tension between the lord and the nobles, is centered this time around the figure of Luca Arbore. Even though Mihail Sorbul, died at the age of 80 in 1966 he created a total of 20 dramas, but only three among them are considered successful literary works: The chronicles (Letopiseţi), Red Passion (Patima roşe) and The deserters (Dezertorul) Sorbul's representative work, The chronicles, is a historical drama and it's made up a total of five chapters. In this work, we can also see the ‘classic’ conflict of Romanian historical drama between a lord and nobles.
Cultural Demarcation of Hausa Song and Poetry Tradition
Authors: Jang Taesang 
Published: January 2012

The aim of this article is to discuss the ethnic criteria for the classification of the Hausa literary genres of song and poetry. In terms of texts, no remarkable difference is noticed between song and poetry. In fact, Hausa has a single term, wak'a (plural wak'ok'i) for both types of literary expression. All wak'ok'i share certain things in common such as sung oral presentation (not spoken recitation) and strict metrical (or rhythmic) patterns. Nevertheless, one can draw a distinction between these two types of traditions: song is orally composed, whereas poetry is composed in written form, then sung or performed on the basis of a written text. In addition to these differences in modes of composition, one can discern other differences in types of meters, verse structure, performance style, rhyme pattern, themes and origin. This article will discuss these features and arrange them into three main categories: cognitive features, expressive features and social features. The primary emphasis of the discussion will be placed on how song and poetry can be culturally conceived as distinct literary entities. An analytical model proposed by Dan Ben-Amos in his study ‘Folklore in African society’ will be the methodological framework of this article, which arguably suggests that some theories developed in the field of folklore studies may also be efficiently employed in the field of literature studies.
East Asian Regional Architecture in the Network Society and the Role of Korea
Authors: Jung Giwoong 
Published: January 2012

The East Asian regional architecture has evolved rapidly for the past decade since the 1997 East Asian economic crisis, but forming any type of East Asian regional architecture was not fully successful. This article seeks to find the role of Korea regarding the East Asian regional architecture in the network society and raises three questions: Does East Asia need regional integration? What kind of regional integration should East Asia pursue? What can be the role of Korea? This article suggests the open regionalism as an answer and asserts that Korea as a middle power might take the role of a mediator and a vision provider. The whole and perfect integration of a region is not possible. Then pursuing openness and allowing the joining of new actors might be much profitable. Korea's strategic choice should be taking the role of a mediator and a vision provider emphasizing the power of openness and culture. Openness and culture are soft, but they can make the user punch beyond his/her weight.
Does China Love Hollywood? An Empirical Study on the Determinants of the Box-Office Performance of the Foreign Films in China
Authors: Kwak Jooyoung , Zhang Liyue 
Published: January 2012

Although the sales of the motion-picture industry in China have grown incomparably to any other country during the past decade, most research related to it has focused on discourse of the political or social contexts. Using the resource-based view, our study empirically examines the determinants that encourage the audience to pay for a movie at China's box offices. The resource-based view posits that a firm or product's competitiveness arises from valuable resources that appeal to consumers. In line with this, we hypothesized that box-office performance is affected by marketing-related resources and by a certain set of strategic variables embedded in individual films. We constructed our dataset based on the foreign films imported to and released in China from 2007 to 2009, and conducted a regression analysis. The statistical results suggest that actor reputation, China-related contents and Chinese crew participation in the movie production, and release timing are significantly related to the box-office performance of foreign films in China. We present an interpretation of our statistical results, linking to the characteristics of the current Chinese audience as a consumer for foreign films.
Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy
Authors: Yoon Hye-Joon 
Published: January 2012

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).
The English Romantic Poets
Authors: Hurtado Rosa Eugenia Rivas 
Published: January 2012

The period dating from 1789 to about 1830 is the epoch of the Romanticism, who first exponens among others were Blake, Coleridge, Southey, Wordsworth and in a second generation Byron, Shelley, and Keats who all died at young age. Many values and interest of the Romantic period remained alive through the nineteen century with poets such as Yeats and Stevens. Imagination, Nature, the Self, and Eternity are among the elements that the period named “Romantic”. Indeed imagination and insight are in fact inseparable and form for all practical purposes a single faculty. “For Coleridge imagination is the primary instrument of all spiritual and creative activities.” At the ages of about 33 Wordsworth passed a crisis and this dealt to experience two different ideas about nature; the first one when he wrote Tintern Abbey in 1798, he distinguished the blessed of nature. Some years later, the other came when this all-absorbing wision was lost. Kubla Khan written by Coleridge after three hours in a profound sleep, during which time he had the most vivid confidence of the external senses. Rebellion specially ideas on favour of The French Revolution, political points of view idealist as Shelly had and never lost his enthusiasm for revolutionary politics.