bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of immunoglobulin Y formulations on oral microorganisms in human subjects - A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Jawdekar Ashwin M , Srivastava Vatsala , Tank Urvashi , Mistry Laresh Naresh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Passive immunization using egg yolk-based antibodies has been tested against oral microorganisms. Our study assessed the effect of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) formulations on Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans in human subjects.

Highlights:
VS and UT independently searched articles using keyword combinations in four search engines; studies in English were selected. Either parallel-arm or split-mouth randomized controlled trials on healthy human subjects were considered. Ten studies remained in the selection; six studies compared the effect of IgY formulations on S. mutans, three on P. gingivalis, and one on C. albicans. Five studies (422 subjects) compared the effect of IgY formulations on S. mutans. When fixed-effect model (FEM) was applied, the risk ratio (RR) (confidence interval [CI]) was found to be 7.81 (6.00, 10.18). Three studies (167 subjects) compared the effect of IgY formulations on P. gingivalis. When FEM was applied, the RR (CI) was found to be 0.06 (−0.03, 0.15) in relation to reduction in probing depth. When FEM was applied, for percentage reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP), the RR (CI) was 1.99 (1.64, 2.41). Only one study (26 subjects) was available of IgY formulation and C. albicans; hence meta-analysis was not performed. The search was extended using Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, cross-references and by contacting authors and researchers in the field which further yielded five articles. .

Conclusions:
IgY formulations were effective in the reduction of S. mutans. They were not effective on P. gingivalis in relation to probing depth but were effective in relation to reduction in BOP. No harms were reported. Evidence is of low quality due to high heterogeneity. The ROB was moderate and publication bias was low.
A comparative evaluation of gingival microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restoration with two different lining techniques
Authors: Shishodia Rachana , Goyal Virinder , Shaikh Almas , Mahule Aushili , Dondani Jay 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restoration restored with precure and co-cure lining techniques using stereomicroscopic method.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five freshly extracted permanent multirooted human molar teeth were collected and used in the study. After surface debridement and scaling of all teeth, standard Class II mesio-occlusal cavities were prepared. Forty-five samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 15), and filled according to manufacturer's instructions. Group I was precure group, Group II was co-cure group, and Group III was only bulk fill. The finishing and polishing of the restorations was done after 24 h. Then, all the specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 500 cycles. The gingival microleakage and internal voids of all the groups were evaluated using dye penetration method. Samples were then sectioned and examined under the stereomicroscope at ×40. Readings obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS ver 20.0 (IBM Corp, ARMONK USA) and Chi-square test.

Results:
The statistical analysis revealed that extent of microleakage was maximum in Group II (co-cure), followed by Group III (only bulk fill) and Group I (precure). The gingival voids were maximum in Group III (only bulk fill), minimum in Group II (co-cure), and least in Group I (precure). The cervical voids were maximum in Group II (co-cure) and Group III (only bulk fill), followed by Group I (precure). The occlusal voids were maximum in Group II (co-cure) and similar in Group I (precure) and Group III (only bulk fill).

Conclusion:
The precure lining technique was better than co-cure lining technique in terms of both microleakage and internal voids.
Short- and long-term dental arch spatial changes following premature loss of primary molars
Authors: Gandhi Janvi Manish , Gurunathan Deepa 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental arch spatial changes in maxillary and mandibular arches after premature loss of primary molars.

Introduction:
Primary teeth must be maintained during the change from primary to mixed and then permanent dentition, to preserve and maintain the dental arch. When this normal process is disturbed, usually due to severe decay requiring extraction before normal exfoliation, it can result in migration of adjacent teeth toward the missing space resulting in decreased arch length and malocclusion in the permanent dentition.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, LILACS, and ScienceDirect. The title and abstract were screened to find relevant articles, which were then reviewed in full to see if they were worthy of inclusion. All longitudinal and observational studies that looked at space changes after the loss of primary first or second molars were included. Quality assessment of the studies was done based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale as all the included studies were non-randomized studies.

Results:
Four thousand five hundred and seventy-eight articles were identified by screening electronic database and assessed for eligibility, 12 full-text articles were assessed, and 4 full-text articles were excluded as they did not match the inclusion criteria. Thus, eight articles were included in this systematic review. Short term and long term space changes and loss of maxillary and mandibular molars were studied individually. In the short term changes, the distal migration of the primary cuspid towards the missing space within 1 month was attributable to early space changes after premature loss of the mandibular first molar, and the greatest space loss was recorded in the first 3 months after premature loss. After the premature loss of the maxillary first molar, immediate space loss of 1mm was documented due to distal migration of the primary canine. Studies found that space loss was caused by the distal migration of primary canines in the case of mandibular primary first molar loss, and that space loss was larger in the mandibular arch after premature loss of second primary molars.

Conclusion:
The greatest repercussions occurred during the first 3 months after the deciduous molars were extracted, and a space maintainer was recommended in the majority of cases, mainly when there is premature loss of mandibular second primary molar as it leads to mesial displacement of the first permanent molar.
Evaluation of caries arresting potential of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in primary molars
Authors: Prakash D. Kumar Mani , Vinay C , Uloopi KS , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Penmatsa Chaitanya , Chandana N. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Caries management in the modern era has shifted away from the traditional surgical method toward a medical paradigm, which often includes fluoride therapy. Fluoride used in various forms has been proven to be effective in dental caries prevention. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish are effective in arresting caries in primary molars.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 38% SDF and 5% NaF varnish in arresting caries in primary molars.

Settings and Design:
This study was a split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:
The randomized controlled trial comprised 34 children aged 6–9 years with teeth having caries in both right and left primary molars without pulpal involvement. Teeth were randomly allocated into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 34), 38% SDF + potassium iodide was applied and in Group 2 (n = 34), 5% NaF varnish was applied. The second application was done after 6 months in both groups. Children were recalled at 6- and 12-month intervals and evaluated for caries arrest.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.

Results:
Caries arresting potential was found to be higher in the SDF group compared to the NaF varnish group at both 6-month (SDF – 82% and NaF varnish – 45%) and 12-month intervals (SDF – 77% and NaF varnish – 42%) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:
SDF was more effective in arresting dental caries in primary molars compared to 5% NaF varnish.
Apical extrusion of debris with root canal instrumentation in primary teeth
Authors: Kaushal Drishti , Reddy Srinivas Gosla , Biswas Krishna Prasad , Dixit Ashutosh , Chowdhry Rebecca , Chug Ashi 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
This study aimed to systematically review available literature of in vitro studies on apical extrusion of debris through rotary instrumentation in comparison to manual instrumentation in pediatric endodontics, and also to perform a comparison between various rotary instrumentation systems for assessment of debris extrusion.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar without any language restriction and year of publication. A planned search strategy was made for PubMed and applied to other databases. After full-text reading, 7 articles were selected for quantitative synthesis. Modified CONSORT checklist of items for reporting in vitro studies of dental materials was used for quality assessment of included studies.

Results:
Root canal preparation with rotary instrumentation led to lesser apical debris extrusion than manual instrumentation. Self-adjusting file system was associated with the least debris extrusion among all included studies, followed by ProTaper Next, Kedo-S, ProTaper, K3, Mtwo, Revo-S, and Wave One.

Conclusion:
More apical debris extrusion was seen with manual instrumentation than rotary instrumentation. Furtrhermore, variance in debris extrusion was seen with different rotary file systems.
Ego defense mechanisms among pediatric dental postgraduate students in India
Authors: Asokan Sharath , Geetha Priya P. R. , Viswanath Sudhandra , Mathiazhagan Thendral 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ego defense mechanisms (EDMs) act as a major factor for overcoming stressful situations in life.

Aims:
The study aimed to assess the various patterns and factors of EDMs employed by pediatric dental postgraduate students in India.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional design, web-based questionnaire survey.

Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study on EDM was conducted among 246 pediatric dental postgraduates in India from July to October 2019. The modified form of the Defense Style Questionnaire-20 included 10 EDMs under three major patterns– Mature, Immature, and Neurotic. The questionnaire was sent to all pediatric dental postgraduates enrolled in the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry and reminders were sent every week for 6 weeks.

Results:
Among the 1041 pediatric dental postgraduates who received the E-mail, two hundred and forty-six students responded to the same. The respondents included 89 males and 157 females. The mature pattern was found to be the most commonly employed EDM (males-47.20%; females-51.60%). Sublimation (72.76%), a mature type of defense was found to be the most common EDM factor employed by the majority of the students. The immature pattern was higher among males when compared to females (males-14.60%; females-5.70%).

Conclusion:
Most pediatric dental postgraduates exhibited a mature pattern, followed by a neurotic and immature pattern of EDM. The mature pattern of EDM was displayed more by the female students than the male students. Sublimation was found to be the maximum expressed factor followed by acting out.
Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride in arresting dental caries in primary teeth and its parental acceptance
Authors: Chaurasiya Aparna , Gojanur Sushma 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Early childhood caries (ECC) has been regarded as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children. Conventional restorative management of ECC is difficult to perform in very young and apprehensive children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can be a useful tool in the management of dental caries by arresting the carious lesion in primary teeth. After SDF treatment, the dentinal staining that is associated with SDF influences the acceptance of this treatment among parents of young children.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of biannual application of 38% SDF followed by 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish for arresting dental caries in children and its parental acceptance.

Methods:
Twenty-six children aged 2–5 years with 107 active caries lesions in primary teeth were enrolled. At the baseline examination, status of carious lesions was recorded and scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II. Lesion activity was assessed by visual inspection and tactile detection. Carious lesions with score 3, 4, 5, and 6 were treated with 38%SDF application, followed by 5% NaF varnish. Children were re-evaluated at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Parental acceptance of SDF treatment was evaluated.

Results:
This study demonstrated that 38% SDF was 92.31% effective in arresting dental caries in primary teeth and was well accepted by parents. Chi-square test was used to assess the significant difference among the arrested lesions which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Thirty-eight percent SDF can be effectively used in arresting caries in primary teeth in young and uncooperative children.
Correlation and comparative evaluation of nasal index and nasal cavity volume in nasal and mouth breathers
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Balasubramanian Shruti , Kalaskar Ashita 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Mouth breathing is one of the most deleterious oral habits with a prevalence of 4%–6% among children. Due to the wide range of comorbidities associated with mouth breathing, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is indispensable. At present, there are very few objective methods available for the diagnosis of mouth breathing. The present study was planned to evaluate a possible correlation between nasal index (NI) and nasal cavity volume (NCV) among nasal and mouth breathers (MB). In addition, the average NCV of nasal and MB was also computed. The foresight of this research was to establish the significance of NI as an objective diagnostic tool for mouth breathing.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8–11-year-old children. The NI was determined using a digital Vernier caliper and NCV was calculated using dolphin imagingsoftware.

Results:
There was a significant difference in NCV and nasal width (NW) in both groups, but no difference was seen in nasal height and NI. There was no statistically significant correlation between NCV and other parameters in both groups.

Conclusion:
The present study was a baseline analysis in this line. Even though this study did not reveal any significant correlation between both parameters, future studies are recommended to explore a plausible correlation.
Evaluation and comparison of silorane resin composite to glass ionomer in occluso-proximal restorations of primary molars
Authors: Maru Viral P. , Kulkarni Purva , Chauhan Rewant , Bapat Salil S 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
In general, proximal restorations of primary molars fracture, so it is vital to study the new materials that could solve this problem. Hence, the present trial assessed the success of occluso-proximal atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations using silorane and glass ionomer cement (GIC) in carious primary molars for a period of 2 years.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and ninety-two children between the age group of 4 and 9 years were randomly allocated to GIC or silorane. In the clinical set up, they were treated by a pediatric dentist, and their restorations were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the survival of restoration, which was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and superior Cox regression models. As a sensitivity analysis, intention-to-treat (ITT) was executed. Sex, age, molar, jaw, cavity volume, and caries incidence were the independent variables.

Results:
The restoration survival after 24 months for GIC and silorane was 82.75% and 88.88%, respectively, whereas ITT analysis showed a success of 84.37% and 89.58% for GIC and silorane, respectively.

Conclusion:
With regard to longevity, there was no statistically significant difference between silorane and GIC in primary molar occlusoproximal ART restorations.
Development and validation of a novel Middle childhood oral health impact scale (MCOHIS)
Authors: Asokan Sharath , Geetha Priya P. R. , Viswanath Sudhandra , Sivasamy Shyam , Natchiyar S. Nambi 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The study was planned to develop and validate a novel middle childhood oral health impact scale (MCOHIS) for 6- to 9-year-old children in India.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study design was employed to develop and validate MCOHIS in the sequential phases. A panel of ten pediatric dentists evaluated a pool of 36 items corresponding to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children. MCOHIS with 20 items under five domains was formulated and content validation was done. Cohen's kappa statistics was employed to measure the concordance between the child's self-report and the caregiver's proxy report. Concurrent validation was done among 130 participants from 13 districts of Tamil Nadu state, India. Discriminant validity was checked among another sample of 60 participants. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of MCOHIS were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Kappa statistics respectively.

Results:
MCOHIS had adequate content validation with Scale Level Content Validity Index / Average score of 0.94 for relevance. There was a statistically significant inter-rater reliability observed between the child's self-report and caregivers' proxy report in all items with a moderate to substantial agreement. Concurrent validation showed a statistically significant positive correlation with a Rho value of 0.712. There was a statistically significant difference noted in overall discriminant validity (P < 0.001). Acceptable internal consistency reliability was observed with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.75. Test-retest reliability showed a high stability coefficient of 0.98.

Conclusions:
MCOHIS was found to be a valid and reliable age-specific tool for assessing the OHRQoL of Indian children aged 6–9 years.
Comparison of microleakage of different surface pre-treatment modalities of ionoseal® pit and fissure sealant in primary teeth
Authors: Mosleh Asmaa A. , Abdallah Shahenda A. , Shishiny Shaymaa A. , Mourad Yomna O. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pit and fissure sealing is an evidence-based preventive measure against dental caries, especially in primary teeth which possess high caries risk, and to give the required benefits of the sealant, a good adaptation, and sealing ability should be present.

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess and compare the microleakage score of Ionoseal® pit and fissure sealant, when used either alone or with prior surface treatment of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser, acid etching, or their combination, in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:
Forty healthy human molar teeth were randomly chosen and allocated into four study groups according to the surface pretreatment: group I, no surface pretreatment; Group II, 2W Er: YAG laser etching, Group III, combined laser etching and acid etching group, and Group IV, 37% phosphoric acid etching. After surface pretreatment procedures were conducted, the teeth were sealed with Ionoseal®. Subsequent microleakage was assessed through dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. One sample from each group was randomly selected, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out on the central slice of the three obtained slices of the samples.

Results:
Chi-square test revealed a high statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.00). Similarly, all pairwise comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference. Group I showed the greatest mean of microleakage score (1.5), followed by Group IV (1.4), Group II (0.7), and Group III which showed the least microleakage score (0.6). These findings were supported by the SEM examination results.

Conclusions:
Using Ionoseal with prior surface treatment by combined 2 W Er: YAG laser etching and 37% phosphoric acid etching can result in the best sealing ability which would significantly enhance the long-term success of pit and fissure sealing in primary teeth.
Total crown replacement technique
Authors: Srivastava Nikhil , Rana Vivek , Pande Pratik , Singh Preeti 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Restoration of severely damaged primary molars with very short clinical crowns is a big challenge and often extracted due to the lack of restorative options. Total crown replacement (TCR) is a novel treatment alternative for the restoration of such teeth through bonding of the biological restorations which are the sterile decoronated crowns of the extracted human teeth, obtained from a tooth bank.

Case Report:
Presented here is a report of two cases restored with the TCR technique. A 9-month follow-up showed satisfactory results in terms of function, esthetics, gingival health, and morphology including occlusal wear. TCR can be a viable and economical alternative for restoration of severely decayed/damaged primary teeth, otherwise indicated for extraction.
Parental awareness of on-site management of traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Gill Sarita , Chawla Amrita , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Tewari Nitesh , Logani Ajay 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Despite the high prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), parents generally lack awareness about dental trauma emergency management. This preliminary study’s goal was to assess parents’/guardians’ awareness of the treatment of tooth fractures/avulsion.

Materials and Methods:
A preformed questionnaire in e-format was sent to parents of school-going children. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilks’s test were employed to test the normality of data. In addition, a Chi-square test was performed for quantitative variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A response rate of 82.1% was achieved. Approximately 19.6% of parents reported dental injuries, with the majority (51.9%) occurring at home. In avulsion, 54.8% of parents believed that reinserting the tooth back into the socket was possible. For tooth fractures, 36.2% of parents believed that the fractured tooth could be glued. Tap water was preferred as a storage medium (43.3%). An insignificant association was observed with regard to storage media (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Inadequate understanding of the treatment of TDI by the primary caregiver leads to ineffective interventions at the scene of the accident and a poor prognosis for otherwise treatable cases.