bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To what problem is distributed information retrieval the solution?
Authors: Thomas Paul 
Published: May 2012

Distributed information retrieval (DIR), where a single broker coordinates retrieval from many independent search services, has been extensively studied but typically without any particular application and sometimes even without any explicit motivation. There have been a handful of arguments given for DIR—coverage, effectiveness, and ease of use, for example—but these are not borne out by experience.Are there uses for DIR? There are, but generally for organizational not technical reasons, and they have not been well studied.
Graphene‐amplified electrogenerated chemiluminescence of CdTe quantum dots for H2O2 sensing
Authors: Wang Zhonghui , Song Hongjie , Zhao Huihui , Lv Yi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTElectrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of thiol‐capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous solution was greatly enhanced by PDDA‐protected graphene (P‐GR) film that were used for the sensitive detection of H2O2. When the potential was cycled between 0 and −2.3 V, two ECL peaks were observed at −1.1 (ECL‐1) and −1.4 V (ECL‐2) in pH 11.0, 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), respectively. The electron‐transfer reaction between individual electrochemically‐reduced CdTe nanocrystal species and oxidant coreactants (H2O2 or reduced dissolved oxygen) led to the production of ECL‐1. While mass nanocrystals packed densely in the film were reduced electrochemically, assembly of reduced nanocrystal species reacted with coreactants to produce an ECL‐2 signal. ECL‐1 showed higher sensitivity for the detection of H2O2 concentrations than that of ECL‐2. Further, P‐GR film not only enhanced ECL intensity of CdTe QDs but also decreased its onset potential. Thus, a novel CdTe QDs ECL sensor was developed for sensing H2O2. Light intensity was linearly proportional to the concentration of H2O2 between 1.0 × 10−5 and 2.0 x 10‐7 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 9.8 x 10−8 mol L−1. The P‐GR thin‐film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) displayed acceptable reproducibility and long‐term stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local delivery of sirolimus nanoparticles for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Zago Alexandre C. , Raudales José C. , Attizzani Guilherme , Matte Bruno S. , Yamamoto German I. , Balvedi Julise A. , Nascimento Ludmila , Kosachenco Beatriz G. , Centeno Paulo R. , Zago Alcides J. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo test the local delivery of sirolimus nanoparticles following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to treat in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in a swine model.BackgroundCoronary bare‐metal stent (BMS) implantation reduces major adverse cardiac events when compared with PTCA; however, ISR rates remain high.MethodsEighteen swine underwent BMS deployment guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Of these, 16 developed ISR (1 stent/swine) and underwent angioplasty with a noncompliant balloon (PTCA‐NC). The animals were then randomized into four groups for local infusion of sirolimus nanoparticles through a porous balloon catheter, as follows: (1) PTCA‐NC alone (control); (2) PTCA‐NC + (polylactic acid)‐based nanoparticle formulation (anionic 1); (3) PTCA‐NC + (polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐based nanoparticle formulation (anionic 2); and (4) PTCA‐NC + Eudragit RS nanoparticle formulation (cationic). Coronary angiography and IVUS follow‐up were performed 28 days after ISR treatment.ResultsThere was one episode of acute coronary occlusion with the cationic formulation. Late area loss was similar in all groups at 28 days according to IVUS. However, luminal volume loss (control = 20.7%, anionic 1 = 4.0%, anionic 2 = 6.7%, cationic = 9.6%; P = 0.01) and neointimal volume gain (control = 68.7%, anionic 1 = 17.4%, anionic 2 = 29.5%, cationic = 31.2%; P = 0.019) were significantly reduced in all treatment groups, especially in anionic 1.ConclusionsPTCA‐NC followed by local infusion of sirolimus nanoparticles was safe and efficacious to reduce neointima in this model, and this strategy may be a promising treatment for BMS ISR. Further studies are required to validate this method in humans. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rest and exercise electrocardiograms and radionuclides in patients presenting for cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Froelicher V. F. , Sebrechts C. , Streitwiesser D. , Battler A. , McKirnan M. D. , Ashburn W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe rest and exercise ECG, 201thallium myocardial scintigram (201T1), and radionuclide ventriculography are noninvasive procedures which can be used to evaluate myocardial damage and ischemia. To compare these procedures and to obtain baseline information, 85 male patients with coronary heart disease were evaluated prior to beginning an exercise program. Findings at rest included Q waves or bundle branch block in 54%; 47% had 201T1 redistribution defects and 33% an abnormal ejection fraction (EF). Of the 39 patients with normal ECGs, 31 had no 201T1 defects and only 1 of these 31 (3%) had an abnormal EF. Abnormal EF or 201T1 redistribution defects did not occur in patients without a history of myocardial infarction. Abnormal resting EF occurred in 63% of patients with abnormal versus 7% of those with normal 201T1 redistribution scans. Exercise test results included an abnormal ST‐segment response in 80%, an abnormal EF response in 65%, and a 201T1 ischemic defect in 37%. Twenty patients had exercise‐induced ST elevation, and this phenomenon was more related to ventricular aneurysms than to ischemia. 201Thallium imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, and the ECG provide results regarding myocardial damage that agree by more than chance, while the exercise‐induced ST‐segment changes did not agree with the radionuclide indications of exercise‐induced ischemia.
Analysis of multiple noninvasive test procedures for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: Charuzi Y. , Diamond G. A. , Pichler M. , Waxman A. , Vas R. , Silverberg R. A. , Berman D. S. , Forrester J. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAll noninvasive tests used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease are imperfect, both in sensitivity and in specificity. Accordingly, we evaluated the accuracy of four different diagnostic tests in various combinations in a population of 43 patients undergoing coronary angiography to determine if accuracy could be improved by multiple testing. These tests included stress electrocardiography for evaluation of exercise‐induced ST‐segment depression, stress cardio‐kymography (CKG) for detection of exercise‐induced precordial regional left ventricular dysfunction, stress 201thallium scintigraphy for assessment of exercise‐induced regional myocardial hypoperfusion, and cardiac fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification. A total of 46 (27%) of the 172 test responses observed were incorrect relative to angiography. These “false” responses were uniformly distributed over the four test procedures (12 ECG, 11 CKG, 10 201thallium, 13 fluoroscopy). Thus, a single test had a limited predictive accuracy for the detection or exclusion of coronary artery disease. The greater the number of abnormal responses observed in a given patient the greater the predictive accuracy for disease, especially multi‐vessel disease. Analysis of various combinations of these procedures revealed substantial differences both in cost of testing and net diagnostic yield. These data suggest that the four procedures employed are functionally independent and highly accurate relative to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease when used in combination. Cost‐effectiveness of diagnostic testing might be improved with the use of combinations of the less expensive and more accurate of these tests.
The Bezold—Jarisch reflex: Possible role in limiting myocardial ischemia
Authors: Robertson R. M. , Robertson D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA patient with a 5‐year history of nonexertional episodic chest discomfort terminating in nausea presented with recurrent periods of marked ST elevations. Each observed episode terminated in the triad of bradycardia, hypotension, and nausea. ST Elevation normalized almost immediately when this triad supervened. It is hypothesized that this represented activation of the Bezold–Jarisch reflex. Resolution may have been due to reflexly mediated parasympathetic coronary vasodilation. An episode of ST elevation occurred 24 h after admission which did not result in activation of the Bezold–Jarisch reflex. Following this latter episode, Q waves and enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction were documented.
Demonstration of multiple antegrade and retrograde atrioventricular pathways
Authors: Gmeiner R. , Ng C. K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade (A1‐A2, H1‐H2) and retrograde (V1‐V2, A1‐A2) conduction curves suggesting dual A‐V nodal pathways in both directions. Atrial echoes occurred with premature atrial pacing only at short A1‐A2 coupling intervals after long antegrade (A2‐H2) and retrograde (H2‐Ae) conduction intervals. Premature ventricular stimulation revealed ventricular echoes simultaneously with a sudden increase in the V2‐A2 interval. The echo zone coincided with the slow pathway curve. Following atropine the echo zone was extended over the slow and fast pathway curves. Slow pathway conduction was observed at long and short V1‐V2 coupling intervals, fast pathway conduction at intermediate V1‐V2 coupling intervals. Following isoproterenol premature ventricular stimulation initiated two cycles of ventricular echoes with relatively long retrograde (V2‐A2, Ve‐Ae) and short antegrade (A2‐He, Ac‐He) conduction times, the earliest atrial activation being observed in the low right atrium before the left atrium and the high right atrium.Antegrade fast and slow pathway as well as retrograde fast pathway conduction appeared to be confined to the A‐V node. Retrograde slow pathway conduction may progress through a slow or fast A‐V nodal pathway slowed by antegrade concealed conduction. However, an accessory pathway with long conduction times located near the septum cannot be ruled out entirely.
A Kinetic Code System to Study Impurity Deposition and Fuel Retention in Gaps Between Divertor Tiles
Authors: Dai S. , Sang C. , Sun J. , Wang D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor the purpose of investigating impurity deposition and fuel retention in gaps between divertor tiles, we combine a three‐dimensional Monte Carlo impurity transport code ITCD with a Particle‐In‐Cell Monte Carlo collision code plus a plasma‐surface interaction (PSI) code. The simulation results show that a potential hill formed near the entrance of the gap can prevent the ionized eroded carbon species from entering the gap. It is found that carbon sources for the co‐deposition in gaps are mainly located at the plasma‐closest edges of the gap, and this finding indicates that special measures associated with the engineering issues should be taken to minimize fuel retention in gaps. The smaller scale of carbon sources inside the gap and the existence of the potential hill near the entrance of the gap are the reasons why the eroded carbon species spatial density is lower inside the gap than outside the gap. Through the study on several scenarios with different substrate and plasma temperatures, the simulation with the combined code can deepen the understanding of fuel retention in the codeposited layers in gaps (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Classical Binary and Triplet Distribution Functions for Two Component Plasma
Authors: Eisa D. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe equilibrium properties of a multi‐component plasma of charged particles that interact through the coulomb and short‐range potentials are investigated. In particular, this article presents density expansions of the reduced distribution functions for more particles, our calculations are based on the Bogoliubov‐Born‐Green‐Kirkwood‐Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy, we used the results to calculate the binary and triplet distribution functions. We obtained the analytical form of the classical triplet distribution functions for two component plasma; one of them is based on the Kirkwood superposition approximation (KSA) which is consisting of the assumption that the potential in a set of three particles is the sum of the three pair potentials, this is equivalent to assuming that the triplet distribution function is the product of the three radial distribution functions, and the other form is calculated by integration the triplet distribution function (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Paschen Curve and Film Growth in Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled Magnetron Plasma Polymerization
Authors: Ledernez L. , Olcaytug F. , Urban G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe deposition of dielectric nanofilms by magnetron AF plasma polymerization between two planar electrodes shows a number of advantages over the standard RF method without magnetron enhancement. Because it is powered at 15 kHz, it works as a DC discharge swapping side every half cycle. We investigated here the effect of the magnetron on the breakdown voltage in our system taking Paschen curves with a DC power source. Subsequently, we related the Paschen curves with the deposition rate of the coating, showing that the Paschen minimum corresponds to the maximum growth rate as far as the pressure and the inter‐electrode distance are concerned. This result can be used to quickly determine the maximum growth rate in a given configuration via the measurement of a Paschen curve (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical Conductivity of Noble Gas Plasmas in the Warm Dense Matter Regime
Authors: Fu Z.J. , Chen Q.F. , Chen X.R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of noble gas plasmas is investigated by using the relaxation‐time approximation in the density range 10–5–10 g cm–3 and temperature range 104–105 K. The electrical conductivity calculated shows reasonable consistency with shock wave experiments and theoretical simulations at above 2 × 104 K where the Coulomb interaction dominates. A nonmetal to metal transition in helium plasma is predicted at 2.4 g cm–3 and shown reasonable agreement with the most recent shock wave experiment (above 1.9 g cm–3). Furthermore, the insulator‐metal transition densities of all the noble gas plasmas are predicted and compared with available results (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of purging on sexually selected traits through antagonistic pleiotropy with survival
Authors: Bolstad Geir H. , Pélabon Christophe , Larsen Line‐K. , Fleming Ian A. , Viken Åslaug , Rosenqvist Gunilla 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSexually selected traits are expected to evolve to a point where their positive effect on reproductive success is counterbalanced by their negative effect on survival. At the genetic level, such a trade‐off implies antagonistic pleiotropy between survival and the expression of sexually selected traits. Yet, the consequences of such a genetic architecture have been largely overlooked in studies examining how inbreeding influences sexually selected traits. These studies have solely interpreted their results as an effect of increased homozygosity. An alternative, however, is that purging of recessive alleles deleterious for survival when inbreeding increases can negatively affect the expression of sexually selected traits through antagonistic pleiotropy. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the effects of inbreeding on several male ornaments and life‐history traits across 20 captive populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) with varying levels of inbreeding. Only one ornament, orange area, decreased in its expression with an increasing level of inbreeding. This was most likely due to purging because we found no within‐population relationship between orange area and the inbreeding coefficient. We further tested this hypothesis by crossing unrelated individuals from the four most inbred populations, creating a group of individuals with purged genomes but restored heterozygosity. Restoration of heterozygosity only slightly increased orange area, confirming that the decrease in orange area in the inbred populations most likely resulted from purging. These results support previous studies suggesting the existence of antagonistic pleiotropy between ornament expression and survival.
Longitudinal trends in climate drive flowering time clines in North American Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Samis Karen E. , Murren Courtney J. , Bossdorf Oliver , Donohue Kathleen , Fenster Charles B. , Malmberg Russell L. , Purugganan Michael D. , Stinchcombe John R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduced species frequently show geographic differentiation, and when differentiation mirrors the ancestral range, it is often taken as evidence of adaptive evolution. The mouse‐ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) was introduced to North America from Eurasia 150–200 years ago, providing an opportunity to study parallel adaptation in a genetic model organism. Here, we test for clinal variation in flowering time using 199 North American (NA) accessions of A. thaliana, and evaluate the contributions of major flowering time genes FRI, FLC, and PHYC as well as potential ecological mechanisms underlying differentiation. We find evidence for substantial within population genetic variation in quantitative traits and flowering time, and putatively adaptive longitudinal differentiation, despite low levels of variation at FRI, FLC, and PHYC and genome‐wide reductions in population structure relative to Eurasian (EA) samples. The observed longitudinal cline in flowering time in North America is parallel to an EA cline, robust to the effects of population structure, and associated with geographic variation in winter precipitation and temperature. We detected major effects of FRI on quantitative traits associated with reproductive fitness, although the haplotype associated with higher fitness remains rare in North America. Collectively, our results suggest the evolution of parallel flowering time clines through novel genetic mechanisms.
2‐Halogeno‐1,3,2‐diselenaphospholanes with an Annelated Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) Unit: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExchange reactions of 2,2‐dimethyl‐4,5‐[1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano(12)]‐1,3‐diselena‐2‐silacyclopentane with phosphorus trihalides PX3(X = Cl, Br, I) led to the corresponding phospholanes in high yield. The solid‐state structure of the iodide was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Treatment of the bromide withnBu3SnH afforded the parent phosphane. The reaction of the iodide with LiAlH4in [D8]toluene proceeded very slowly and mainly gave the deuterated phosphane. All products were characterised in solution by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1H,13C,31P and77Se NMR). Molecular gas‐phase geometries were optimised at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory, and NMR parameters were calculated.
Reshaping Rubrene by Controlled Reduction with Alkali Metals
Authors: Zabula Alexander V. , Sumner Natalie J. , Filatov Alexander S. , Spisak Sarah N. , Grigoryants Vladimir M. , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMono‐, di‐ and tetraanions of rubrene, (C42H28, Rub0), were generated by the controlled reduction of neutral polyarene with various alkali metals in the appropriate solvent. The X‐ray diffraction studies of the resulting adducts of Rub1–, Rub2– and Rub4– with alkali‐metal ions revealed the distortion of the rubrene core upon the stepwise acquisition of electrons. Coordination of the Cs+ ion and a noticeable deformation of Rub1– are observed at the first reduction step. Two types of rubrene dianions showing an essentially different conformation and coordination environment for the central tetracene core have been seen in the cesium adduct of Rub2–. Various types of supramolecular assembly between the tetrareduced rubrene anion, Rub4–, and lithium or rubidium cations have been found in the corresponding products in the solid state. The structures of rubrene anions and their aggregation with alkali‐metal ions in solution have been studied by ESR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 7Li and 133Cs) spectroscopy.
Partial systematic adaptive cluster sampling
Authors: Dryver Arthur L. , Netharn Urairat , Smith David R. 
Published: May 2012

A main benefit from taking a systematic sample is the ease of implementation when field sampling. However, it is not uncommon for a researcher to sample only one primary sampling unit (PSU) but to assume that the secondary sampling units (SSUs) were selected by simple random sampling to obtain a variance estimate. To obtain an unbiased estimator of variance for conventional or adaptive systematic sampling, it is necessary to sample > 1 PSUs, and this can marginally increase cost and complicate implementation. We show that it is possible to obtain an unbiased estimate of variance if the researcher takes only a single PSU and one or more SSUs. Although this is no longer a true systematic sample, such a design retains much of the simplicity of sampling a single PSU and allows for a valid variance estimate.This paper introduces three new sampling strategies stemming from systematic adaptive cluster sampling and the Raj estimator. The new sampling designs will be referred to as partial systematic adaptive cluster sampling. The sampling strategies are investigated in a simulation study that utilizes distance traveled as a measure of cost when comparing sampling strategies. When only a single PSU can be sampled because of cost or logistics concerns, we recommend also sampling one or more SSUs to obtain an unbiased estimate of variance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘I Know I Can Help You’: Parental Self‐efficacy Predicts Adolescent Outcomes in Family‐based Therapy for Eating Disorders
Authors: Robinson Adèle Lafrance , Strahan Erin , Girz Laura , Wilson Anne , Boachie Ahmed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFamily‐based therapy is regarded as best practice for the treatment of eating disorders in adolescents. In family‐based therapy, parents play a vital role in bringing their child or adolescent to health; however, little is known about the parent‐related mechanisms of change throughout treatment. The present study examines parent and adolescent outcomes of family‐based therapy as well as the role of parental self‐efficacy in relation to adolescent eating disorder, depressed mood and anxiety symptoms. Forty‐nine adolescents and their parents completed a series of measures at assessment, at 3‐month post‐assessment and at 6‐month follow‐up. Results indicate that, throughout treatment, parents experienced an increase in self‐efficacy and adolescents experienced a reduction in symptoms. Maternal and paternal self‐efficacy scores also predicted adolescent outcomes throughout treatment. These results are consistent with the philosophy of the family‐based therapy model and add to the literature on possible mechanisms of change in the context of family‐based therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.