bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Composition of Triacylglycerols in the Fat Bodies of Bumblebee Males During Their Lifetime
Authors: Jiroš Pavel , Cvačka Josef , Hanus Robert , Kindl Jiří , Kofroňová Edita , Valterová Irena 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe age‐dependent changes in the composition of triacylglycerols (TAG) in the fat bodies of bumblebee males were studied using HPLC/MS. Two related species (Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum) were compared, with the age of the males being 0–30 days. The total amount of TAG in B. lucorum was about 2.7 times higher than that in B. terrestris for all of the ages studied. One to three‐day‐old males had the highest content of TAG in their fat bodies (1.6–2.3 mg/individual in B. terrestris and 3.8–4.2 mg/individual in B. lucorum). The analytical data show different patterns in both species. The qualitative composition of fatty acids in TAG was similar, but the mean relative abundance between B. terrestris and B. lucorum differed: 14:0, 7 and 14%; 16:0, 20 and 44%; 18:3, 62 and 23%; 18:1, 3 and 8%, respectively (the data is based on a GC/MS integration). A statistical evaluation of the dynamic changes in the TAG composition revealed that in B. terrestris different age classes were well separated according to their TAG composition while in B. lucorum the TAG did not change substantially during the male's life. The TAG analyses provide more precise information on the differences between the classes studied than the FA composition alone.
The competitive determinants of a firm's environmental management activities: Evidence from US manufacturing industries
Authors: Hofer Christian , Cantor David E. , Dai Jing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEnvironmental management (EM) issues have received substantial attention in operations management. While the link between EM practices and firm performance has been well studied, little is known about the competitive drivers of a firm's EM activities. In this research, a Schumpeterian economics perspective is adopted to investigate competitive interactions among leader and challenger firms in the domain of EM, with a particular focus on operational EM activities. Using econometric methods, the empirical analysis of panel data from a broad cross‐section of US manufacturing firms reveals that such rivalry does exist and that the effect of a rival's past EM activity on a focal firm's EM activity is greater for more profitable and smaller firms. In addition, firm characteristics such as market leadership, firm size and firm profitability are found to significantly affect the magnitude of a firm's EM activities. This study presents theoretical and empirical evidence of rivalrous behaviors in the domains of EM and OM and, thus, has interesting implications for operations management research and practice.
Genomic resources for improving food legume crops
Authors: KUMAR J. , PRATAP A. , SOLANKI R. K. , GUPTA D. S. , GOYAL A. , CHATURVEDI S. K. , NADARAJAN N. , KUMAR S. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYFood legumes are the main source of dietary protein for a large part of the world's population, and also play an important role in maintaining soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, legume yields and production are often limited by large genotype×environment (G×E) interactions that influence the expression of agronomically important, complex quantitative traits. Consequently, genetic improvement has been slower than expected. Molecular marker technology enables genetic dissection of such complex traits, allowing breeders to identify genomic regions on the chromosome that have main effects or interactive effects. A number of genomic resources have been developed in several legume species during the last two decades, and provide a platform for exploiting marker technology. The present paper reviews the available genomic resources in food legumes: linkage maps, high-throughput sequencing technologies, expression sequence tag (EST) databases, genome sequences, DNA chips, targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries and others. It also describes how these resources are being used to tag and map genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for domesticated and other agronomically important traits. This information is important to genetic improvement efforts aiming at improving food and nutrition security worldwide.
A Roman Engineer's Tales
Authors: Cuomo Serafina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article is an exercise in the historiography of ancient technical artefacts, beginning from the examination of a second-centurya.d.cippus inscribed with the story of a Roman engineer, Nonius Datus, who designed and supervised the construction of an aqueduct in Algeria. The first section looks at the aqueduct from the point of view of the history of engineering. The second traces the history of the inscription as a document in the debate about imperialism and technology. In the third section, the focus is on what Datus himself was trying to communicate. The conclusion makes a case for considering ancient technical artefacts from multiple perspectives.
Extreme value theory and return time statistics for dispersing billiard maps and flows, Lozi maps and Lorenz-like maps
Authors: GUPTA CHINMAYA , HOLLAND MARK , NICOL MATTHEW 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper we establish extreme value statistics for observations on a class of hyperbolic systems: planar dispersing billiard maps and flows, Lozi maps and Lorenz-like maps. In particular, we show that for time series arising from Hölder observations on these systems which are maximized at generic points the successive maxima of the time series are distributed according to the corresponding extreme value distributions for independent identically distributed processes. These results imply an exponential law for the hitting and return time statistics of these dynamical systems.
Coding guidelines for Prolog
Authors: COVINGTON MICHAEL A. , BAGNARA ROBERTO , O'KEEFE RICHARD A. , WIELEMAKER JAN , PRICE SIMON 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCoding standards and good practices are fundamental to a disciplined approach to software projects irrespective of programing languages being employed. Prolog programing can benefit from such an approach, perhaps more than programing in other languages. Despite this, no widely accepted standards and practices seem to have emerged till now. The present paper is a first step toward filling this void: It provides immediate guidelines for code layout, naming conventions, documentation, proper use of Prolog features, program development, debugging, and testing. Presented with each guideline is its rationale and, where sensible options exist, illustrations of the relative pros and cons for each alternative. A coding standard should always be selected on a per-project basis, based on a host of issues pertinent to any given programing project; for this reason the paper goes beyond the mere provision of normative guidelines by discussing key factors and important criteria that should be taken into account when deciding on a full-fledged coding standard for the project.
The oral metagenome in health and disease
Authors: Belda-Ferre Pedro , Alcaraz Luis David , Cabrera-Rubio Raúl , Romero Héctor , Simón-Soro Aurea , Pignatelli Miguel , Mira Alex 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The oral cavity of humans is inhabited by hundreds of bacterial species and some of them have a key role in the development of oral diseases, mainly dental caries and periodontitis. We describe for the first time the metagenome of the human oral cavity under health and diseased conditions, with a focus on supragingival dental plaque and cavities. Direct pyrosequencing of eight samples with different oral-health status produced 1 Gbp of sequence without the biases imposed by PCR or cloning. These data show that cavities are not dominated by Streptococcus mutans (the species originally identified as the ethiological agent of dental caries) but are in fact a complex community formed by tens of bacterial species, in agreement with the view that caries is a polymicrobial disease. The analysis of the reads indicated that the oral cavity is functionally a different environment from the gut, with many functional categories enriched in one of the two environments and depleted in the other. Individuals who had never suffered from dental caries showed an over-representation of several functional categories, like genes for antimicrobial peptides and quorum sensing. In addition, they did not have mutans streptococci but displayed high recruitment of other species. Several isolates belonging to these dominant bacteria in healthy individuals were cultured and shown to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, suggesting the use of these commensal bacterial strains as probiotics to promote oral health and prevent dental caries.
Beverage vs. Solid Fruits and Vegetables: Effects on Energy Intake and Body Weight
Authors: Houchins Jenny A. , Burgess John R. , Campbell Wayne W. , Daniel James R. , Ferruzzi Mario G. , McCabe George P. , Mattes Richard D. 
Published: June 2011

Beverage consumption has been implicated in weight gain, but questions remain about the veracity of the association, whether the relationship is causal and what property of beverages is responsible. It was hypothesized that food form is the most salient attribute. Thus, a randomized controlled trial of food form was conducted. Energy‐matched beverage or solid forms of fruits and vegetables were provided to 34, lean or overweight/obese adults for two 8‐week periods with a 3‐week washout interspersed. Dietary compensation was incomplete (beverage 53% solid 78%) and body weight increased after the beverage (1.95 ± 0.33 kg) (77% fat mass) and solid (1.36 ± 0.30 kg) (85% fat mass) treatments (both P < 0.0005). Differences between food forms were not significant. The lean group had the highest dietary compensation (119%) and no significant weight change (0.84 ± 0.53 kg) after consuming the solid fruits and vegetables whereas the overweight/obese group had lower compensation and significant weight gain during the solid arm (46%, 1.77 ± 0.32 kg, P < 0.0001). In contrast, incomplete dietary compensation and weight gain occurred in both the lean (43%, 1.61 ± 0.44 kg, P = 0.003) and overweight/obese (61%, 2.22 ± 0.47 kg, P < 0.0005) groups during the beverage arm. Secondary analyses revealed the obese group gained more weight than the lean and overweight groups during the beverage intervention (P = 0.024). These data demonstrate energy consumed as beverages may be especially problematic for weight gain. They also indicate that advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption should emphasize total energy intake because the additional energy contributed may promote weight gain, especially among overweight and obese individuals.
A Randomized Pilot Trial of a Full Subsidy vs. a Partial Subsidy for Obesity Treatment
Authors: Tsai Adam G. , Felton Sue , Hill James O. , Atherly Adam J. 
Published: June 2011

Intensive obesity treatment is mandated by federal health care reform but is costly. A partial subsidy for obesity treatment could lower the cost of treatment, without reducing its efficacy. This study sought to test whether a partial subsidy for obesity treatment would be feasible, as compared to a fully subsidized intervention. The study was a pilot randomized trial. Participants (n = 50) were primary care patients with obesity and at least one comorbid condition (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or obstructive sleep apnea). Each participant received eight weight loss counseling visits as well as portion‐controlled foods for weight loss. Participants were randomized to full subsidy or partial subsidy (2 vs. 1 meal per day provided). The primary outcome was weight change after 4 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, waist circumference, and health‐related quality of life. Participants in the full and partial subsidy groups lost 5.9 and 5.3 kg, equivalent to 5.3% and 5.1% of initial weight, respectively (P = 0.71). Changes in secondary outcomes were similar in the two groups. A partial subsidy was feasible and induced a clinically similar amount of weight loss, compared to a full subsidy. Large‐scale testing of economic incentives for weight control is merited given the federal mandate to offer weight loss counseling to obese patients.
Seeing protein monolayers with naked eye through plasmonic Fano resonances
Authors: Yanik Ahmet A. , Cetin Arif E. , Huang Min , Artar Alp , Mousavi S. Hossein , Khanikaev Alexander , Connor John H. , Shvets Gennady , Altug Hatice 
Published: June 2011

We introduce an ultrasensitive label-free detection technique based on asymmetric Fano resonances in plasmonic nanoholes with far reaching implications for point-of-care diagnostics. By exploiting extraordinary light transmission phenomena through high-quality factor (
Q
solution
∼ 200) subradiant dark modes, we experimentally demonstrate record high figures of merits (FOMs as high as 162) for intrinsic detection limits surpassing that of the gold standard prism coupled surface-plasmon sensors (Kretschmann configuration). Our experimental record high sensitivities are attributed to the nearly complete suppression of the radiative losses that are made possible by the high structural quality of the fabricated devices as well as the subradiant nature of the resonances. Steep dispersion of the plasmonic Fano resonance profiles in high-quality plasmonic sensors exhibit dramatic light intensity changes to the slightest perturbations within their local environment. As a spectacular demonstration of the extraordinary sensitivity and the quality of the fabricated biosensors, we show direct detection of a single monolayer of biomolecules with naked eye using these Fano resonances and the associated Wood’s anomalies. To fabricate high optical-quality sensors, we introduce a high-throughput lift-off free evaporation fabrication technique with extremely uniform and precisely controlled nanofeatures over large areas, leading to resonance line-widths comparable to that of the ideally uniform structures as confirmed by our time-domain simulations. The demonstrated label-free sensing platform offers unique opportunities for point-of-care diagnostics in resource poor settings by eliminating the need for fluorescent labeling and optical detection instrumentation (camera, spectrometer, etc.) as well as mechanical and light isolation.
THE QUaD GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. II. A COMPACT SOURCE
CATALOG
Authors: Culverhouse T. , Ade P. , Bock J. , Bowden M. , Brown M. L. , Cahill G. , Castro P. G. , Church S. , Friedman R. , Ganga K. , Gear W. K. , Gupta S. , Hinderks J. , Kovac J. , Lange A. E. , Leitch E. , Melhuish S. J. , Memari Y. , Murphy J. A. , Orlando A. , Pryke C. , Schwarz R. , O'Sullivan C. , Piccirillo L. , Rajguru N. , Rusholme B. , Taylor A. N. , Thompson K. L. , Turner A. H. , Wu E. Y. S. , Zemcov M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
We present a catalog of compact sources derived from the QUaD Galactic Plane
Survey. The survey covers ∼800 deg2 of the inner galaxy
(|b| < 4°) in Stokes I,
Q, and U parameters at 100 and 150 GHz,
with angular resolutions of 5 and 3.5 arcmin, respectively. Five hundred and
twenty-six unique sources are identified in I, of which 239 are
spatially matched between frequency bands, with 53 (234) detected at 100 (150)
GHz alone; 170 sources are identified as ultracompact H ii regions.
Approximating the distribution of total intensity source fluxes as a power law,
we find a slope of γ
S, 100 = −1.8 ± 0.4 at 100 GHz
and γ
S, 150 = −2.2 ± 0.4 at 150 GHz. Similarly, the
power-law index of the source two-point angular correlation function is γθ,
100 = −1.21 ± 0.04 and γθ, 150 = −1.25 ± 0.04. The total
intensity spectral index distribution peaks at α
I
∼
0.25, indicating that dust emission is not the only source of radiation produced
by these objects between 100 and 150 GHz; free–free radiation is likely
significant in the 100 GHz band. Four sources are detected in polarized
intensity P, of which three have matching counterparts in
I. Three of the polarized sources lie close to the Galactic
center, Sagittarius A*, Sagittarius B2, and the Galactic Radio Arc, while the
fourth is RCW 49, a bright H ii region. An extended polarized source,
undetected by the source extraction algorithm on account of its ∼0.°5 size, is
identified visually, and is an isolated example of large-scale polarized
emission oriented distinctly from the bulk Galactic dust polarization.
Improving the prediction of disulfide bonds in Eukaryotes with machine learning methods and protein subcellular localization
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Fariselli Piero , Alhamdoosh Monther , Martelli Pier Luigi , Pierleoni Andrea , Casadio Rita 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMotivation: Disulfide bonds stabilize protein structures and play relevant roles in their functions. Their formation requires an oxidizing environment and their stability is consequently depending on the redox ambient potential, which may differ according to the subcellular compartment. Several methods are available to predict cysteine-bonding state and connectivity patterns. However, none of them takes into consideration the relevance of protein subcellular localization.Results: Here we develop DISLOCATE, a two-step method based on machine learning models for predicting both the bonding state and the connectivity patterns of cysteine residues in a protein chain. We find that the inclusion of protein subcellular localization improves the performance of these predictive steps by 3 and 2 percentage points, respectively. When compared with previously developed methods for predicting disulfide bonds from sequence, DISLOCATE improves the overall performance by more than 10 percentage points.Availability: The method and the dataset are available at the Web page http://www.biocomp.unibo.it/savojard/Dislocate.html. GRHCRF code is available at http://www.biocomp.unibo.it/savojard/biocrf.html.Contact: piero.fariselli@unibo.it
First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infection in Viburnum tinus in Chile
Authors: Peña E. , Olate E. , Chorbadjian R. A. , Rosales I. M. 
Published: June 2011

Viburnum tinus L., commonly known as laurustinus, is an ornamental shrub that is widely used as a garden plant and flower crop. V. tinus is popular because of its desirable characteristics such as evergreen foliage, tolerance to pruning, winter blooms, and its adaptation to cold temperate zones. It is also relatively easy to grow and is commonly used as a windbreak. Infection of this ornamental species by Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has been associated with yellow mottling or variegated leaf coloring, including light green and white, and has been referred to as the “Viburnum Calico” (1,4). In April 2011, at the onset of winter in the Southern Hemisphere, intense yellow spotting and mottling was observed on V. tinus leaves in the San Joaquin Campus at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Presence of Aphis spiraecola Patch was observed on the shrubs, however, in the area it is also common to find other aphid species such as Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) and A. fabae Scopoli. Leaf tissue samples from 10 asymptomatic and 10 symptomatic plants were examined for the presence of AMV by tissue-blot immunoassay with a commercially available polyclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) along with the Goat affinity purified anti-rabbit IgG conjugated (Whole Molecule) (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). First-strand cDNA synthesis and PCR were performed with specific primers CP-AMV1 and CP-AMV2 (3). AMV was detected in all symptomatic leaves and also in two of the asymptomatic tissue analyzed by tissue blot assay. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR produced 753-bp amplicons in all samples that were positive to AMV by tissue printing. No amplification product was observed when water control or seronegative samples were used as templates in the RT-PCR assays. Two amplicons were directly sequenced in both directions to confirm the identification of AMV in the leaf samples. The sequences obtained were homologous and BLASTN analysis of the submitted sequence (GenBank Accession No. JN040542) showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity to an AMV isolate described from Nicotiana tabacum L. (GenBank Accession No. FJ527749). These results demonstrate the presence of AMV in V. tinus in Chile. This pathogen has also been described to be affecting V. tinus in France (1) and V. lucidum Mill. in Spain (2). In Chile, V. tinum is increasingly grown as an ornamental plant. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that the propagative materials of V. tinum are devoid of AMV infection to prevent further spread of this virus. References: (1) L. Cardin et al. Plant Dis. 90:1115, 2006. (2) M. Cebrián et al. Plant Dis. 92:1132, 2008. (3) M. Finetti-Sialer et al. J. Plant Pathol. 79:115, 1997. (4) H. E. Williams et al. Phytopathology 61:1305, 1971.
The Absence of Adrenal Gland Enlargement during Septic Shock Predicts Mortality
Authors: Jung Boris , Nougaret Stephanie , Chanques Gérald , Mercier Gregoire , Cisse Moussa , Aufort Sophie , Gallix Benoit , Annane Djillali , Jaber Samir 
Published: June 2011

Background
: Assessment and management of septic shock associated adrenal function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of adrenal gland volume in adults with septic shock.

Methods
: A short cosyntropin test and determination of adrenal volume by computed tomography were performed within 48 h of shock in patients with septic shock (n = 184) and in 2 control groups: 40 ambulatory patients and 15 nonseptic critically ill patients. The primary endpoint was intensive care unit mortality.

Results
: At intensive care unit discharge, 59 patients with septic shock died. Adrenal volume was 12.5 cm [95% CI, 11.3-13.3] and 8 cm [95% CI, 6.8-10.1] in the nonseptic group (P < 0.05 with both septic cohorts) and 7.2 cm [95%CI, 6.3-8.5] in the ambulatory patient group (P < 0.05 in patients with septic shock). In patients with septic shock, adrenal volume less than 10 cm was associated with higher 28-day mortality rates with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78-0.89]. Adrenal volume above 10 cm was an independent predictor of intensive care unit survival (hazard ratio = 0.014; 95% CI [0.004-0.335]).

Conclusion
: A total adrenal gland volume less than 10 cm during septic shock was associated in univariate and multivariate analysis with mortality at day 28 in patients with septic shock. Whether adrenal gland volume can be a surrogate of adrenal gland function and used to guide hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock patients needs to be further investigated.