bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes‐related clinical and microstructural white matter changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sumbul‐Sekerci Betul , Velioglu Halil Aziz , Sekerci Abdusselam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimAlthough there exists substantial epidemiological evidence indicating an elevated risk of dementia in individuals with diabetes, our understanding of the neuropathological underpinnings of the association between Type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aims to unveil the microstructural brain changes associated with T2DM in AD and identify the clinical variables contributing to these changes.MethodsIn this retrospective study involving 64 patients with AD, 31 individuals had concurrent T2DM. The study involved a comparative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images and clinical features between patients with and without T2DM. The FSL FMRIB software library was used for comprehensive preprocessing and tractography analysis of DTI data. After eddy current correction, the “bedpost” model was utilized to model diffusion parameters. Linear regression analysis with a stepwise method was used to predict the clinical variables that could lead to microstructural white matter changes.ResultsWe observed a significant impairment in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) among patients with AD who also had T2DM. This impairment in patients with AD and T2DM was associated with an elevation in creatine levels.ConclusionThe white matter microstructure in the left SLF appears to be sensitive to the impairment of kidney function associated with T2DM in patients with AD. The emergence of AD in association with T2DM may be driven by mechanisms distinct from the typical AD pathology. Compromised renal function in AD could potentially contribute to impaired white matter integrity.
Junior and senior students possess differential preferences towards multimodal digital anatomy resources
Authors: Adnan Sharmeen , Michael Patrick , Benson Amanda C. , Xiao Junhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDigital technologies are changing how anatomy is taught tremendously. However, little is known about the effective integration of multimodal digital resources when concurrently provided in an anatomy course. To address this question, an array of digital anatomy resources including Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) anatomy resources were concurrently trialed by a total of 326 undergraduate and postgraduate students across three undergraduate (systemic anatomy, neuroanatomy, and regional anatomy) and one postgraduate anatomy (applied musculoskeletal anatomy) curricula in 2022. A five‐point Likert scale learning and teaching survey was conducted to evaluate students' experiences, preferences, and perceptions. Most undergraduate (81% systemic anatomy, 76% neuroanatomy, and 87% regional anatomy) and postgraduate (97%) participants across the four cohorts felt confident in studying anatomy using digital resources and the majority (>80% undergraduate and >90% postgraduate) found the multimodal digital anatomy resources interactive and stimulating. The response showed that undergraduate (77% systemic anatomy, 81% neuroanatomy, and 97% regional anatomy) and postgraduate students (92%) consistently enjoyed their experience of using multimodal digital anatomy resources and thought that these resources enhanced their interest in studying anatomy. However, there are significant differences in ratings of specific digital resources among the junior (first‐year undergraduates) and senior (third‐year undergraduates and postgraduates) students. The virtual dissection table was uniformly preferred by the four cohorts of students across the board. Interestingly, however, VR anatomy and radiographic‐based digital anatomy resources received diverse ratings. VR anatomy was valued most by junior undergraduate students (84%) who studied systemic anatomy compared to their senior counterparts (73%) who studied regional anatomy, whereas radiographic‐based digital anatomy resources were more valued by the postgraduate students (93%) compared to undergraduates (65% systemic anatomy, 73% neuroanatomy, and 48% regional anatomy). This study identifies that while students uniformly appreciate the value of multimodal digital anatomy teaching, there is a clear difference in their perceptions towards individual resources, likely in a course‐specific manner. We conclude that the selection and adoption of digital anatomy tools must be tailored as part of course design and that digital anatomy tools should be used in combination to provide an effective learning experience for students.
Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CheckMate 648): 29‐month follow‐up from a randomized, open‐label, phase III trial
Authors: Kato Ken , Doki Yuichiro , Chau Ian , Xu Jianming , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Motoyama Satoru , Ogata Takashi , Kawakami Hisato , Hsu Chih‐Hung , Adenis Antoine , El Hajbi Farid , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Braghiroli Maria Ignez , Holtved Eva , Makino Tomoki , Blum Murphy Mariela , Amaya‐Chanaga Carlos , Patel Apurva , Hu Nan , Matsumura Yasuhiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Ajani Jaffer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFirst‐line nivolumab plus chemotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab both demonstrated significant overall survival (OS) benefit versus chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the CheckMate 648 trial, leading to approvals of both nivolumab‐containing regimens in many countries. We report longer‐term follow‐up data.MethodsThis open‐label, phase III trial (NCT03143153) enrolled adults with previously untreated, unresectable, advanced, recurrent, or metastatic ESCC. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to nivolumab plus chemotherapy, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, or chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were OS and progression‐free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review. Hierarchical testing was performed first in patients with tumor cell programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression of ≥1% and then in the overall population.ResultsA total of 970 patients were randomly assigned. After 29 months of minimum follow‐up, nivolumab plus chemotherapy continued to demonstrate improvement in OS versus chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.46–0.76]) in patients with tumor cell PD‐L1 expression of ≥1% and in the overall population (HR = 0.78 [95% CI: 0.65–0.93]) and with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy (HR = 0.62 [95% CI: 0.48–0.80]) in patients with tumor cell PD‐L1 expression of ≥1% and in the overall population (HR = 0.77 [95% CI: 0.65–0.92]). In patients with tumor cell PD‐L1 expression of ≥1%, nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated PFS benefit versus chemotherapy (HR = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.51–0.89]); PFS benefit was not observed with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy (HR = 1.04 [95% CI: 0.79–1.36]). Among all treated patients (n = 936), Grade 3–4 treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 151 (49%, nivolumab plus chemotherapy), 105 (32%, nivolumab plus ipilimumab), and 110 (36%, chemotherapy) patients.ConclusionsNivolumab plus chemotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab continued to demonstrate clinically meaningful OS benefit versus chemotherapy with no new safety signals identified with longer follow‐up, further supporting use as first‐line standard treatment options for patients with advanced ESCC.
Phosphatidylserine and Tyro3‐Axl‐Mertk Receptor Tyrosine Kinase level detection in plasma and on plasma‐derived extracellular vesicle surface in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bay Meltem , Seval Guldane Cengiz , Coskun Oznur , Gurman Gunhan , Erdas Nesrin Ozsoy. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by monoclonal B cell proliferation. Studies carried out in recent years suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be a potential biomarker in cancer. Tyro3‐Axl‐Mertk (TAM) Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and Phosphatidylserine (PS) have crucial roles in macrophage‐mediated immune response under normal conditions. In the tumor microenvironment, these molecules contribute to immunosuppressive signals and prevent the formation of local and systemic antitumor immune responses. Based on this, we aimed to evaluate the amount of PS and TAM RTK in plasma and on the surface of EVs in CLL patients and healthy volunteers in this study. In this study, 25 CLL (11 F/14 M) patients in the Rai (O‐I) stage, newly diagnosed or followed up without treatment, and 15 healthy volunteers (11 F/4 M) as a control group were included. For all samples, PS and TAM RTK levels were examined first in the plasma and then in the EVs obtained from the plasma. We detected a significant decrease in plasma PS, and TAM RTK levels in CLL patients compared to the control. Besides, we determined a significant increase in TAM RTK levels on the EV surface in CLL, except for PS. In conclusion, these receptor levels measured by ELISA in plasma may not be effective for the preliminary detection of CLL. However, especially TAM RTKs on the surface of EVs may be good biomarkers and potential targets for CLL therapies.
A fortunate bitten tongue—Hypothyroidism despite repeatedly normal plasma thyrotropin levels
Authors: Djukic Marija , Gossner Johannes , Larsen Jörg , König Fatima Barbara , Schildhaus Hans‐Ulrich , Rohde Veit , Nau Roland 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageHypophyseal dysfunction may be overlooked by the currently generally accepted laboratory routine for the differential diagnosis in patients suffering from symptoms of depression or dementia.AbstractHypothyroidism is an important cause of depression and potentially reversible cognitive impairment. Whereas the determination of the plasma concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) is generally considered part of the laboratory screening tests for dementia, the measurement of total or free triiodothyronine (T3, FT3), thyroxine (T4, FT4) and cortisol in plasma does not belong to the routine diagnostic workup in patients with depression or suspected dementia. In an 87‐year‐old lady suffering from increasingly poor general health, decreased fluid and food intake, mood depression and lack of energy, three measurements of plasma TSH produced normal values. A cranial computed tomography (cCT) 2 days prior to hospital admission had been assessed as apparently normal. A second cCT performed following a loss of consciousness complicated by tongue bite showed a hypophyseal tumor. Then, low plasma levels of FT3, FT4 and cortisol were found. Following hormone replacement and transsphenoidal tumor resection, the patient recovered rapidly. The present case report illustrates the pitfalls of measuring merely the TSH level in the detection of thyroid and hypophyseal dysfunction.
Disseminated tuberculosis after Polatuzumab‐Vedotin based chemoimmunotherapy in a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Elkourashy Sarah A. , Benkhadra Maria , Shafei Laila , Abujarir Sulieman , Ghasoub Rola 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis report highlights the risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation after treatment with Polatuzumab Vedotin (PV), Rituximab, and Bendamustine (PBR protocol) despite appropriate chemoprophylaxis. A 48‐year‐old male with refractory Burkitt's lymphoma (BKL) was treated with PBR protocol. At baseline, the patient had a negative QuantiFERON test result, which turned out to be positive prior to starting PBR. He received chemoprophylaxis for 9 months and was compliant with treatment. One year later, he was admitted with COVID‐19 pneumonia and was treated according to the protocol. His symptoms persisted for 1 month. Investigations yielded disseminated TB‐infiltrated bone marrow and pleura. Downstream B‐cell and T‐cell depletion secondary to CD20 and CD79b antagonism may potentially explain the increased risk of TB reactivation associated with the combination of PV and rituximab. Further research is necessary to monitor the risk of TB reactivation among patients receiving a combination of PV and rituximab, especially in endemic areas with high prevalence and incidence of TB.
A case report of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis in a 23‐year‐old female with acute psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Khatrawi Elham Mohammed , Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Das Arpan , Nagre Abhijit , Inban Pugazhendi , Marsool Ali Dheyaa Marsool , Hussin Omniat Amir 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessagePrompt identification and management of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis in young patients with acute psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and neurological deficits are crucial. Timely immunomodulatory therapy is essential for positive outcomes and minimizing long‐term complications. High suspicion for this rare disorder is necessary for timely diagnosis and optimal care.AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is characterized by the presence of antibodies against the NMDA receptor, a crucial component of synaptic signaling. This autoimmune disorder often manifests with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and neurological deficits. Early diagnosis is essential, as delayed treatment can result in severe complications. In this case, the patient received corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), leading to a successful recovery with no lingering neurological abnormalities. The prompt initiation of treatment highlights the importance of recognizing this condition early. Anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that presents with a range of neurological symptoms. In this case report, we highlight the significance of early recognition and treatment by discussing the emergency room visit of a 23‐year‐old woman who presented with acute‐onset agitation, disorientation, and seizures. A 23‐year‐old woman, presented to the emergency room with acute‐onset agitation, disorientation, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed temporal lobe signal alterations and electroencephalogram (EEG) showed widespread activity slowing. Importantly, anti‐NMDA receptor antibodies were detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, confirming the diagnosis of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis. This case report underscores the significance of understanding the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis. Timely recognition and intervention are crucial for achieving favorable outcomes in patients with this rare but clinically important autoimmune disorder. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals is essential to ensure early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment strategies.
The role of sociocultural factors in rare medical conditions: The first case report of pseudocyesis in an Ethiopian woman with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kassim Faiz Mohammed , Wasihun Muluken Tesfaye , Jimma Meskerem Abebe , Megersa Surafel Worku 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageOur case report highlights pseudocyesis, a rare medical condition in a 40‐year‐old woman with comorbid major depressive disorder. Cultural influences on experiences, and the need for understanding sociocultural factors in mental health, are emphasized in low‐resource settings.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of a de novo Enzyme in a Coacervate Phase
Authors: Kluczka Eugénie , Rinaldo Valentin , Coutable‐Pennarun Angélique , Stines‐Chaumeil Claire , Anderson J. L. Ross , Martin Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles that orchestrate various metabolic pathways in living cells. Understanding how these crowded structures regulate enzyme reactions remains yet challenging due to their dynamic and intricate nature. Coacervate microdroplets formed by associative liquid‐liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polyions have emerged as relevant condensate models to study enzyme catalysis. Enzyme reactions within these droplets show altered kinetics, influenced by factors such as enzyme and substrate partitioning, crowding, and interactions with coacervate components; it is often challenging to disentangle the contributions of each. Here, we investigate the peroxidase activity of a de novo enzyme within polysaccharide‐based coacervates. By comparing the reaction kinetics in buffer, in a suspension of coacervates and in the bulk coacervate phase collected after centrifugation of the droplets, we show that the coacervate phase significantly increases the enzyme catalytic efficiency. We demonstrate that the main origin of this enhanced activity lies in macromolecular crowding coupled to changes in the conformational dynamics of the enzyme within the coacervate environment. Altogether, these findings underline the crucial role of the coacervate matrix in enzyme catalysis, beyond simple partitioning effects. The observed boost in enzyme activity within the coacervate phase provides insights for designing biocatalytically active synthetic organelles.
UoC‐7: A Bimetallic K‐Zn‐MOF with an Anionic Framework Based on Fluorinated Trimesate Ligands Exhibiting a Large CO2 Uptake
Authors: Wenzel Susanna , Cammiade Aimée E. L. , Christoffels Ronja K. , Sebastian Sean S. , Mattick Tim , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn solvothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2×6H2O with K(H2mF‐BTC) or K(H2dF‐BTC) in DMF/ethanol or DMA/ethanol solvent mixtures, single crystals of the MOFs UoC‐7(1F) and UoC‐7(2F) were obtained crystallizing in the hexagonal space group P63/m (no. 176) (H3BTC: 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid; mF‐/dF: mono‐/difluoro; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; DMA: N,N‐dimethylacetamide; UoC: University of Cologne). According to the general composition [(CH3)2NH2][K2Zn3(mF‐/dF‐BTC)3(H2O)]×solvent, UoC‐7 consists of an anionic bimetallic framework. The charge is compensated by a (CH3)2NH2+ cation stemming from the (partial) hydrolysis of the solvent. The crystal structure shows large channels along the hexagonal [001] direction, which accommodate the cations as well as solvent molecules. Surface areas (SBET) of 2740 m2/g (UoC‐7(1F)) and 1643 m2/g (UoC‐7(2F)) were obtained from N2 sorption measurements. UoC‐7 shows structural similarities to the MOF NKU‐521 with a 5‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)isophthalate linker. Both MOFs exhibit a 4,7,8T14 topology. Despite smaller channels in UoC‐7 compared to NKU‐521, the CO2 uptake is considerably higher (~164 cm3/g at 1 bar/293 K) being one of the highest CO2 uptakes observed up to now.
Mixed Tin Valence in the Tin(II/IV)‐Nitridophosphate Sn3P8N16
Authors: Ambach Sebastian J. , Koldemir Aylin , Witthaut Kristian , Kreiner Sandra , Bräuniger Thomas , Pöttgen Rainer , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSn3P8N16 combines the structural versatility of nitridophosphates and Sn within one compound. It was synthesized as dark gray powder in a high‐pressure high‐temperature reaction at 800 °C and 6 GPa from Sn3N4 and P3N5. The crystal structure was elucidated from single‐crystal diffraction data (space group C2/m (no. 12), a=12.9664(4), b=10.7886(4), c=4.8238(2) Å, β=109.624(1)°) and shows a 3D‐network of PN4 tetrahedra, incorporating Sn in oxidation states +II and +IV. The Sn cations are located within eight‐membered rings of vertex‐sharing PN4 tetrahedra, stacked along the [001] direction. A combination of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations was used to confirm the mixed oxidation of Sn. Temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal a low thermal expansion of 3.6 ppm/K up to 750 °C, beyond which Sn3P8N16 starts to decompose.
Telescoped Flow Synthesis of Azacyclic Scaffolds Exploiting the Chromoselective Photolysis of Vinyl Azides and Azirines
Authors: Crawford Ruairi , Baumann Marcus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn efficient chromoselective photochemical process is presented for the synthesis of 2H‐azirines and 1,3‐diazabicylo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐enes from readily available vinyl azides. The method exploits continuous flow photochemistry to enable the safe consumption of the hazardous azide group and provides uniform irradiation using high‐power LEDs at 365–450 nm. Additionally, a scaled telescoped process has been developed providing access to drug‐like 1,6‐dihydropyrimidines and pyrimidines via integrated ring‐expansion and oxidation reactions. Given the prevalence of various azacyclic targets in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and materials applications it is anticipated that this methodology will enable further exploitations of these important scaffolds.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Germyl Radical Generation via EDA‐Catalyzed ET–HAT Process
Authors: Yoshizawa Kaito , Li Bi‐Xiao , Matsuyama Taro , Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe have established a facile and efficient protocol for the generation of germyl radicals by employing photo‐excited electron transfer (ET) in an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex to drive hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) from germyl hydride (R3GeH). Using a catalytic amount of EDA complex of commercially available thiol and benzophenone derivatives, the ET‐HAT cycle smoothly proceeds simply upon blue‐light irradiation without any transition metal or photocatalyst. This protocol also affords silyl radical from silyl hydride.
Effect of Hybridization on the Photoluminescence Properties of Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Becker Charline , Graf Sebastian , Mews Alf , Parak Wolfgang J. , Chakraborty Indranath 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a widely used mechanism harnessed for sensing applications. For temporal stability of the energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules their photostability and maintenance of the coupling geometry are important. A donor‐acceptor system was created from silicon nanoclusters (Si NCs) and silver nanoclusters (dihydrolopic acid (DHLA)‐protected Ag29 NCs). Optical spectroscopy and lifetime measurements helped to understand the energy transfer process between the Si NCs and Ag29 NCs. Compared with donor‐acceptor pairs based on gold nanocluster and organic dyes, the FRET pair formed between Si NCs and Ag29 (DHLA)12 NCs reaches a coequal efficiency of 60 %. A fine‐tuning of the system‘s parameters opens the door to investigating the sensitivity of the two nanocluster FRET system to various species and incorporating highly photostable moieties in a process relying on photoluminescence.
PMRNA: Parameter matching of realtime and non‐realtime applications for resource provisioning in fog‐integrated cloud
Authors: Singh Satveer , Vidyarthi Deo Prakash 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFog computing, an emerging technology, extends Cloud computing services to the network's edge in the proximity of the application request. This extension yields improvement in Bandwidth (BW) utilization, faster responses to Real‐Time (RT) and Internet of Things (IoT) requests, and the provision of the heterogeneous resource services. While extensive work has been conducted on resource allocation for RT and Non‐Real‐Time (NRT) requests separately in Fog as well as Cloud computing, there is limited focus on resource provisioning for mixed RT and NRT requests in the Fog‐integrated Cloud (FiC) environment. Moreover, the majority of the existing provisioning methods primarily consider parameters from the system's perspective, overlooking crucial user aspects such as deadline and request size. To address the gap, this work introduces a resource provisioning method named “Parameter Matching of Realtime and Non‐Realtime Applications (PMRNA),” which considers user parameters and resource information, gathered by the broker. The performance evaluation of the proposed model is done in CloudSim, using various combinations of RT and NRT requests along with diverse Fog and Cloud resource configurations. Evaluation metric includes average Execution Time (ET), average Waiting Time (WT), average Turn Around Time (TAT), and resource utilization. The experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in both average WT and average TAT for the diverse pool of RT and NRT requests in the FiC compared to the Cloud‐only environment.