bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma japonicumandS. mansoni: comparison of larval migration patterns in mice
Authors: Gui M. , Kusel J.R. , Shi Y.E. , Ruppel A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMice were infected percutaneously with cercariae ofSchistosoma japonicumorS. mansoniand parasites recovered by tissue-mincing from the skin or lungs or by perfusion of the mesenteric veins.S. japonicumhad a narrow peak of recovery (up to 30%) from the lungs 3 days after infection, whereas lung recovery ofS. mansonipeaked only on day 6 and levelled off during the following week. Infection withS. japonicuminduced lung petechiae, but only after most of the parasites had left the lungs. The axillary lymph nodes draining the infection site increased in weight after infection and this effect was much greater and longer withS. mansonithan withS. japonicum. S. japonicumwas perfusable from the mesenteric veins earlier (from day 3 onwards) and in higher number (40–60% from days 6 to 10) thanS. mansoni(20% on day 20). The percentage of cercariae developing to adult worms was 57% forS. japonicumand 33% forS. mansoni. The data demonstrate thatS. japonicummight escape from local tissue reactions in the skin and lungs and, due to its rapid migration, might induce only poor lymphocyte proliferation. As a possible consequence,S. japonicummay establish more efficiently in mice thanS. mansoni.
Cross-resistance betweenStrongyloides venezuelensisandS. rattiin mice
Authors: Korenaga M. , Hitoshi Y. , Takatsu K. , Tada I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCross-resistance betweenStrongyloides venezuelensisandS. rattiwas tested in mice. The mice were immunized withS. rattiand challenged with infective filariform larvae or larvae recovered from the lungs of mice, of a heterologous species,S. venezuelensis. In this system, cross-resistance was expressed to the intestinal stage but not to the migrating stage of the parasite. Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment showed that peripheral blood eosinophilia after infection with both species of the genusStrongyloideswas dependent on IL-5. Cross-resistance expressed to the intestinal stages was inhibited partially by injection of anti-IL-5 mAb.
Allergic reactivity and IgG subclasses to a proteinase fraction ofSetaria digitatain filariasis
Authors: Beuria M.K. , Bal M. , Das M.K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA low molecular weight fraction (30 KDa) of the cattle filarial parasiteSetaria digitatathat was earlier demonstrated to have allergenic activity was characterized to be a zinc-dependent cysteine proteinase. Immediate type hypersensitivity (ITH) reaction to the proteinase was evaluated in lymphatic filariasis patients and in endemic controls from Orissa, India. The extent of ITH positivity to the proteinase in infected individuals ranged from 20% in chronic filariasis (CP) patients group to 56% in asymptomatic microfilaraemic carriers (AS). About 62% of endemic normals (EN) were also ITH positive. The serum levels of IgG subclasses were compared in ITH positive and ITH negative filarial patients (AS and CP) as well as in endemic normals (EN) respectively. IgG4levels were found to be inversely dependent on ITH reaction only in AS groups. Asymptomatic patients (AS) with positive ITH reactivity had lower IgG4than ITH negative individuals from the same group. The serum levels of other IgG subclasses except IgG2did not correlate with ITH reactivity. IgG2levels were higher in ITH negative EN and CP patients but not in the AS group.
Histochemical characteristics of the metacercarial cyst wall of Gynaecotyla adunca
Authors: Lee J. , Medlin M.A. , Dunn S.T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cyst wall of the metacercaria of Gynaecotyla adunca (Microphallidae: Digenea) was subjected to comprehensive histochemical analysis. At the light microscope level, a uniformly thick, bipartite cyst wall, probably wholly of parasite origin, was evident. Structural modification of the cyst wall to provide an escape aperture was not apparent. The thicker, inner layer was comprised of phospholipid and glyco- and/or mucoproteins, possibly similar in structure to collagen. The outer layer was highly proteinaceous and contained additional amounts of acidic and neutral mucosubstances. The results are discussed in the context of previous observations regarding the excystment requirements of this microphallid species.
Ultrastructural study ofTrichinella spiraliswith emphasis on adult female reproductive organs
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Goto C. , Kita K.K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the reproductive organs of adult femaleT. spiraliswas described on the basis of extensive observation under an electron microscope. The organisms were recovered from the host intestine 7 days after oral infection. The organs consisted of a single ovary, seminal receptacle, uterus and vagina, confirming the reports described by previous authors at light microscopical level. All the organs were surrounded by a basal lamina and epithelial cells, and were bathed in haemolymph. Ova were formed in a germinal zone on the ovary wall exhibiting a half-moon shape, and spread to other sides of the ovary Mature ova exhibited a smooth cell surface, cuboidal shape, prominent cytoplasmic polysomes, a clear nucleus and a well-developed nucleolus. Embryos in early stage of development consisted of numerous small cells and were surrounded by a sheath.As they matured they shed the sheath and left a pool of sheaths in the uterus. During oogenesis and embryogenesis of adult worms in normal development, there occurred lipid droplets and the degradation of embryos; reportedly signs of worm damage.
A comparison of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Authors: Fujino T. , Takahashi Y. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique was applied to two closely-related echinostome species, Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni, to demonstrate interspecffic polymorphisms of genomic DNA. Band patterns generated using five individual primers showed that these two echinostomes were genetically distinct, although they share genomic DNA to some extent.
Stage-specific development of a filarial nematode (Dipetalonema dracunculoides) in vector ticks
Authors: Olmeda-García A.S. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez J.A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the development of the canid filarial worm,Dipetalonema dracunculoides, in the brown dog tick,Rhipicephalus sanguineusby determining whether development is similar within larval, nymphal and adult stages of infected ticks. This study demonstrates that only infected nymphal ticks can support the complete development of the filarial worm. Infected larval ticks are not suitable intermediate hosts, nor are infected adults. Development depends on some stage-specific property of the vector, and the maturation to the infective stage is stimulated during the course of the nymphal-adult moult.
Cytochemical observations on cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic neuronal pathways in Cephalochlamys namaquensis
Authors: Mckay D. M. , Halton D. W. , Johnston C. F. , Shaw C. , Fairweather I. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe localization and distribution of cholinergic, serotoninergic (5-HT, serotonin) and peptidergic components of the nervous system of adult Cephalochlamys namaquensis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) have been determined using enzyme histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques interfaced with light and confocal scanning laser microscopy. All three classes of neuroactive substance showed a similar pattern of staining, occurring extensively throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems of the parasite. There were some minor regional differences in staining, suggesting specific roles for certain classes of neurone, and nerve cell bodies were most evident following immunostaining for serotonin. The general overlap in the distribution of staining may be indicative of some co-localization of neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulatory substances.
A longitudinal study of porcine serological responses to experimental infections with T-1 and T-3 SpanishTrichinellaisolates
Authors: Bolas F. , Albarran E. , Garate T. , Parkhouse R. M. E. , Martinez A. R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTComparison of antibody response and antigen recognition was made by ELISA and western-blot analysis in pig experimental infections by T-l and T-3 SpanishTrichinellaisolates. Two groups of Iberian pigs were experimentally infected with 150 larvae/kg body weight of GM-1 and C-76 SpanishTrichinellaisolates as representatives of T-1 and T-3 gene pools respectively. Antibody levels and antigen recognition were measured on days –14, 0, 6, 16, 20, 27, 34, 49, 63 and 82 after infection by ELISA and western-blotting assays. Antibody response against C-76 infection was significantly delayed and lower than against GM-1. The twoTrichinellaisolates were indistinguishable, however, by western blotting analysis, although recognition of larval antigens was quantitatively higher than adult ones. Interestingly, the principle larval antigenic components recognized by pigs were those recognized by the monoclonal antisera NIM-M1. Finally, there were no serological patterns indicative of the stage of infection (“antibody windows”) discriminating, for example between early versus late infections.
The use of35S-labelledToxocara canisto determine larval numbers in tissues
Authors: Carter K. C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe potential of using35S-labelled larvae to determine the number of second-stageToxocara canislarvae present in the tissues of infected animals was assessed. Infective larvae were labelled byin vitroculture with medium containing35S-methionine. The amount of radiolabel attached to larvae decayed exponentially with time and had anin vitromean half life of 3·54±0·65 days. The ‘lost’ radiolabel was incorporated into proteins which formed part of the worm's excretory/secretory products. The levels of radioactivity present in different organs of BALB/c mice, infected with35S-labelledT. canislarvae, varied over the course of infection. Initially most of the radioactivity was present in liver, but over the course of infection35S liver levels gradually decreased and brain levels increased. By day 14 post-infection the majority of the isotope was present in the brain (p<0·01). Assessment of antibody levels on day 14 post-infection showed that infection with35S labelledT. canislarvae induced the production of parasite-specific IgM, IgG and IgG1 antibodies.
Light and scanning electron microscopy ofSpirura rytipleurites seuratiChabaud, 1954 (Nematoda: Spiruridae) fromErinaceus europaeusin Sicily
Authors: Giannetto S. , Trotti G. Canestri 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNematodes identified asSpirura rytipleurites seuratiare described and illustrated by light and scanning electron microscopy from specimens collected from the stomach of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Sicily. They differ fromS. auriti, a stomach parasite ofHemiechinus auritus, in the length of body, the position of the second pair of post-cloacal papillae in the male and the structure of the spicules. The nematodes are classified asS. rytipleurites seurati, a stomach parasite ofErinaceus algirus, but they differ slightly from it in the dimensions of the eggs, that we measured in the uterus, and in the shape of the amphids. This appears to be the first report ofS. rytipleurites seuratifrom Italy and fromE. europaeus.
Observations on the life cycle of Grysoma indica n.sp. (Trematoda: Psilostomidae)
Authors: Umadevi K. , Madhavi R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe life history of Grysoma indica n.sp., a psilostome trematode, obtained experimentally in ducklings, after feeding with metacercariae occurring in the snail Thiara tuberculata, is elucidated. Natural infections with cercariae were found in T. tuberculata, collected from a freshwater stream at Visakhapatnam, India. Metacercarial cysts were found in the same and other species of snails in the locality. The new species differs from other species of the genus in the sucker proportions, position of the testes and distribution of the vitelline follicles.
The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis from C3H Mice: differences in glycoconjugates in mouse versus hamster small intestinal mucosa during infection
Authors: Fujino T. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMucosal glycoconjugates were examined in C3H mice and in hamster small intestines infected with Echinostoma trivolvis and in uninfected rodents, using periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) staining and three different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA-II). Lectin-labelling by electron microscopy was also undertaken with WGA and HPA lectin-gold probes. HID-AB stain demonstrated that the most mature goblet cells of the mouse villi contain sulfomucins, whereas those of hamsters contain sialomucins. The expression of lectin-binding sites and the intensity of the lectin binding in the small intestines were changed by echinostome infection. Specific differences in the reaction to mucin glycoproteins were clearly observed between the mouse and hamster intestines infected with E. trivolvis; lectin-binding to hyperplastic goblet cells and crypts in the infected mice increased, while no marked increase in the number of goblet cells and reaction to the glycoconjugates were observed in the infected hamsters. These findings indicate that the expression of terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, sialic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine increased in mucins secreted from hyperplastic goblet cells associated with E. trivolvis infection in mice. No marked increase in these glycoconjugates occurred in hamster infections. These findings reflect clear differences in infectivity of E. trivolvis in C3H mice versus hamsters.
Use of molecular data to discriminate pseudocerotid turbellarians
Authors: Goggin C.L. , Newman L.J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNucleotide sequence data from the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene cluster were used to determine the utility of molecular data to discriminate species and genera of pseudocerotid turbellarians. We sequenced 388,379 and 415 bp from the ITS1 of Pseudoceros jebborum, Pseudoceros paralaticlavus and Pseudobiceros gratus respectively, to give an aligned sequence for this region of 421 positions. The nucleotide sequence of the ITS1 of Pseudoceros jebborum differed from that of Pseudoceros paralaticlavus by 6% (24/421 positions) and from that of Pseudobiceros gratus by 36% (152/421 positions). These results indicate that sequence data from the ITS1 will be a useful taxonomic tool to discriminate pseudocerotid flatworms.
Digital image analysis and identification of eggs from bovine parasitic nematodes
Authors: Sommer C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractComputer-assisted microscopy and multivariate statistics were used to establish and evaluate a procedure for identification of bovine strongylid eggs.Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, andOesophagostomum radiatumeggs were obtained from faeces voided by monospecifically infected calves. Images of single eggs (400× magnification) were recorded by a CCD camera fitted onto a microscope and digitizied on a PC. After separation of eggs from the image background, the pixel (picture element) positions of the egg outline were analysed by algorithms to describe size and shape. A stepwise discriminant analysis was subsequently used to select and rank descriptive features of 4207 eggs according to discriminatory power. Classification criteria were developed by linear discrimination analysis on the basis of selected features, and the criteria evaluated by cross-validation. A maximum average percentage of correct classification of 85.8% resulted when nineteen features were employed in a linear classification criterion. The percentages correct classification for each species were:O. ostertagi76.3%,C. oncophora90.8%,O. radiatum87.8%,H. placei90.1%, andT. axei83.8%. Classification based on the five most important features gave an overall correct classification of 81.5%. Images of ‘unknown’ eggs could be identified automatically by the classification criteria after procedural steps performed by PC were linked in a batch program.
The structure of the community of strongyloid nematodes of domestic equids
Authors: Bucknell D. , Hoste H. , Gasser R.B. , Beveridge I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe community structure exhibited by strongyloid nematodes from the large intestines of horses was examined using data from autopsies of 150 horses. Thirty-one species of nematodes were encountered, but they were not clearly divisible into core and satellite species. Multiple congeneric, consubfamilial and confamilial species were a prominent feature of the community and were more common than singleton infections. Multivariate analyses provided evidence of a stable community of helminths dominated by positive interactions but with few negative interactions, suggesting the absence of competition within the community.
In vitro excystment of the metacercaria of Bucephalus haimeanus from the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps)
Authors: El-Mayas H. , Kearn G.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure of the metacercarial cyst wall and excystment in vitro were studied in the bucephalid digenean Bucephalus haimeanus. Optimum excystment occurred in a mixture of 1% trypsin and 1% bile salts at pH 7.8, following a 15 min pretreatment with 1% pepsin at pH 2.0. Enzymes (pepsin, trypsin) facilitated excystment, but were not essential, since some of the active metacercariae perforated the cyst wall in their absence. Other distinctive features were the weak development of the cyst wall, the occurrence of some excystment in strongly acidic media, ability to survive for at least 2 h in acidic media (pH 2.0) and total inactivity and failure to excyst in bile salts. The possible significance of these features is considered in relation to the location of the cysts in the liver of the second intermediate host, the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), and conditions experienced by the cysts when the goby is eaten by the definitive host, the bass (Morone labrax). Excystment occurred readily at temperatures from 10 to 40°C, but percentage and speed of excystment were reduced at 5°C.
A helminthological survey of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen
Authors: Willingham A.L. , Ockens N.W. , Kapel C.M.O. , Monrad J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. Standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: Strongyle eggs (75.0%),Capillariaeggs (36.8%),Toxocaraeggs (23.5%),Taeniaeggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). Gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found:Uncinaria stenocephala(85.7%),Toxocara canis(81.0%),Taeniaspp. (38.1%),Mesocestoides lineatus(23.8%) andPolymorphusspp. (9.5%). Faeces of 39 foxes were examined by the Baermann method for larvae of cardiopulmonary worms with 20 foxes (51.3%) being infected. Fourteen foxes (35.9%) were infected withAngiostrongylus vasorum, 11 (28.2%) were infected withCrenosoma vulpis, and 5 foxes (12.8%) were infected with both species. Muscle digestion of diaphragms from the 68 foxes indicated that none harboured larvae ofTrichinella spiralis.
Cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate in Gastrothylax crumenifer and Explanatum explanatum
Authors: Ehsan H. , Rashid K.A. , Van Dongen W. , Van Onckelen H.A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA rapid and reliable method based on immuno-affinity chromatography and preparative high pressure liquid chromatography was used for extraction and purification of cAMP from the two trematode species Gastrothylax crumenifer and Explanatum explanatum. The purified cAMP was quantified by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in an amount of 44 and 83 picomole/g fresh weight of Gastrothylax crumenifer and Explanatum explanatum respectively.
Parasites in paradise: patterns of helminth distribution in Hawaiian stream fishes
Authors: Font W.F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOf the 13 species of helminths that parasitize stream fishes in Hawai'i, seven species are considered to be native to the archipelago and the remaining six species to be introduced by man. Sources of colonization for native species are piscivorous birds for three species, and marine fishes for four species. Non-native helminths have been brought to Hawai'i in association with the importation of parasitized exotic species of poeciliids introduced into streams for mosquito control and as aquarium releases. Many of these introduced parasites have broad host specificity and now infect the five species of native gobioid stream fishes. Exotic parasites, including a roundwormCamallanus cotti, a tapewormBothriocephalus acheilognathiand a leechMyzobdella lugubris, are more widely distributed among Hawaiian streams than are native species.
On the Early Stages of Fasciola hepatica Penetrating into the Liver of an Experimental Host, the Mouse: a Histological Picture
Authors: Dawes Ben 
Published: June 2009

1. Excystment of the metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica by perforation of the inner cyst was witnessed, but the factors which control activation of the larva remain undetermined.2. Excystment occurred in two instances when cysts were administered to mice by intra-peritoneal injections, active young flukes being recovered.3. Excystment occurred when cysts were administered to one week old chicks and free flukes were recovered from the abdominal cavity in three instances, but liver lesions were not observed.4. By means of photomicrographs an attempt has been made to demonstrate that young flukes feed primarily on hepatic cells and that they show a preference for this diet. Blood is inevitably included in the diet of young flukes, but it is claimed that these are not truly blood feeders.5. Young flukes recovered from the liver of the mouse range in length from about 0·3 mm. at 3–4 days to 4·85 mm. at 28 days from the time cysts were administered (per os). This accords fairly well with data obtained by Sinitsin and by Schumacher in respect of flukes from rabbits and guineapigs respectively.
Observations on the Destruction of the Stem Eelworm, Anguillulina dipsaci, by the Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Fres
Authors: Goodey T. 
Published: June 2009

Fungi, which entrap and destroy small nematodes, have been known to mycologists for many years. Drcchsler, who, for a long time, has made a special study of these forms, has recently, in an important paper (1937), described and figured several species, including many new ones belonging to a number of different genera.Amongst these fungi is one, Arthrobotrys oligospora Fresenius, which has long been known from the investigations of Zopf (1888) for its ability to capture, destroy and feed upon small free-living nematodes and also upon the larvae of Anguillulina tritici when supplied to it under experimental conditions.
Habitats of Limnaea truncatula in England and Wales during Dry Seasons
Authors: Peters B. G. 
Published: June 2009

1. The complacent attitude that fluke is no longer a disease of importance is attacked on the grounds that the recent low incidence of the disease is largely due to a temporary scarcity of the intermediary, Limnaea truncatnla.2. A description is given of methods of making contacts, taking samples, and recording observations in a survey of typical habitats of L. truncatula in England and Wales.3. Twenty-two such habitats are described in some detail.4. These form the basis of a brief discussion on factors contributing to the ideal habitat, knowledge of which is desirable for the elaboration of new methods of control.5. A provisional map showing the distribution of liver fluke in England and Wales is appended.