bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islam and Music in Turkey
Authors: Korkmaz Harun , Stokes Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the field of Islamic music, listening, and sonic arts in modern Turkey, from the latter Ottoman years to the first decades of the 21st century. It describes distinctions between Mosque music (including Istanbul’s Qur’anic recitation traditions) and Tekke (Sufi lodge) music, discussing the effects of the official closure of the lodges in 1925, and subsequent efforts to preserve these repertories in notation and sound recording. The chapter goes on to explore musical distinctions and connections between Mevlevî and Alevî culture under the broad rubric of tasavvuf (Islamic mysticism) in its literary, poetic and ritual contexts (including ayin and cem). It also discusses ongoing debates about the legitimacy of sema (audition). The final section discusses religious music, media, and the “new piety” of the AKP years.
Religious Minorities and the Construction of Turkish Islam
Authors: Dreßler Markus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the formation of the concept of Turkish Islam in the final two decades of the Ottoman Empire and its consolidation as a main marker of national identity in the early Republic of Turkey. It discusses the contours of Turkish nationalism and its ambivalent relation to religion and Islam, which was heavily shaped by the violent political turmoil during the transition period from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish nation-state. The nation-building process was from the beginning marked by complex relations between the new state’s Muslim and Turkish subjects, on the one hand, and their respective non-Muslim and non-Turkish others on the other hand. While the non-Muslims were as “minorities” positioned outside Turkish nationhood, the relationship that the Sunni-Muslim Turkish majority developed in relation to its non-Turkish and non-Sunni coreligionists, mainly Alevis and Kurds, was marked by ambivalence. To the extent that the social contours of Turkish nationhood were defined by religion, non-Sunni and non-Turkish Muslims could be integrated. Nevertheless, their ethnic and/or religious otherness could be used to put their loyalty to the Turkish nation-state in doubt and historically led to a politics of assimilation in the name of ethnoreligious homogeneity. The chapter argues that Turkish Islam is primarily a political and not a religious concept.
Passing the Light of Buddhism in Malaysia through Dharma Class
Authors: Lee Ooi Tan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study of a Friday dharma class in a local public university, University of Science Malaysia. Undergraduate students with one- or two-year seniority without formal teaching training are actively involved in conducting dharma class and sharing religious doctrines with their juniors. Despite a lack of formal training, they are crucial forces in ensuring the young learn Buddhism. The class is articulated with a sense of mission to pass on the wisdom of Buddha called Xùfó huìmìng. Through ethnographic research, the case exhibits complexities of how an informal religious education setting is resilient, even though it totally lacks state support. The scarcity of religious education has triggered a sense of mission among lay volunteers to undertake the role and responsibility in continuing the learning of Buddhism. At the personal level, the journey is transformative and life changing. At the community level, the dharma class is not only an educational tool but also a political tool to defend the religious right of Chinese Buddhists within a multireligious context in the Muslim-majority nation state.
Africa
Authors: Hickman Jared 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter redefines Romanticism as a project of ‘prosing’, a period term that captures the fraught investment of thought and language with worldmaking/destroying power, and traces this faith in the realization of the ideal to the momentous restructuring of planetary life effected by the interlocking initiatives of the Anglo-Atlantic slave trade and Anglo settler colonialism. The first Anglophone prose produced by diasporic Africans—unsettled from their ancestral homelands in Africa in order to be made to serve the settling of Indigenous homelands in North America and the Caribbean and then, as they increasingly threatened not to serve those purposes, (re)settled in West Africa—emerges as a defining version of and critical metacommentary on Romantic prosing. Revisiting Henry Louis Gates, Jr’s ‘signifying chain’, this chapter argues that it is ultimately a trope of Black/Indigenous synergy, rather than the talking book, that structures the formation of an Afro-diasporic literary tradition.
Education
Authors: Barnett Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the extraordinary transformations that occurred to British attitudes and approaches to education and childhood in the Romantic era and into the later nineteenth century. Education was an ideological battleground on which progressive and conservative factions grappled over social mobility, domestic morality, and potential political radicalism, among a host of related issues, and education engaged the attention of many of the most prominent authors and thinkers of the period including William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jane Austen, William Wordsworth, Hannah More, Charlotte Smith, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, and Maria Edgeworth. These and other figures wondered: should the children of the poor be taught to read, or will literacy only teach them sedition and insubordination to their social superiors? How much education can a young woman attain before she moves from ‘accomplished’ to ‘Bluestocking’? In short: who should control education, and whom should be educated at all?
Letters
Authors: Richardson Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys letter writing in the Romantic age, not only as a means of personal communication, but also as a firmly established literary genre. Citing specific examples from a range of authors, this chapter explores the various artistic and practical uses of the letter as literature. Personal letters were almost formulaic in the recipients’ expectations for form and content, and such rigidity easily lent itself to parody. The letter was a popular form for both periodical essays and travel writing. Letters show that authors were attentive to literary style, their celebrity status, and their potential for literary immortality, and their letters consciously provided details for future biographers and literary critics. Letters were popular with the authors’ contemporaries and were widely preserved by collectors and publishers; this interest resulted in substantial modern collections of both major and minor writers, providing ample material for modern literary study.
Metropolitanism
Authors: Sangster Matthew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how different genres shaped Romantic-period perspectives on cities, with a particular focus on London. It opens by considering viewpoint and scale, discussing poetry and novels that frame the metropolis negatively through the lenses of alienated subjectivities. The chapter then explores the suspicions voiced by the Lake Poets in their prose writings and Edmund Burke’s dark evocations of the madness of crowds before considering genres of nonfiction that provide more positive accounts. It first analyses topographical works including Modern London (published by Richard Phillips), The Microcosm of London (published by Rudolph Ackermann), and Thomas Pennant’s Of London (along with its annotators and extra-illustrators). Subsequently, the chapter discusses Patrick Colquhoun’s Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis, articles published in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine and the London Magazine, and essays by Thomas De Quincey and Charles Lamb. It concludes with Pierce Egan’s kaleidoscopic and multigeneric intertextual experiment Life in London.
Translation
Authors: DeWispelare Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of Romantic-era translation offer important insights into the forms of prose aesthetics during the period. By first reframing the question of translation to one of ‘gain’ rather than ‘loss’, this chapter shows diverse ways that the dynamics of translation in the period contributed to literary prose, and especially the development of the novel. These emergent prose forms include everything from pseudotranslation—that is, pretending something is a translation when it is not—to word-for-word foreignizing or formal translation—that is, acting on and altering the target language using the expressive capacities of the source language. What is clear is that literary producers were clearly influenced by the ambient translational practices of the period, practices that were proliferating given the metastatic growth of empire and linguistic contact.
Biography
Authors: Schoenfield Mark , Jordan Alec 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores biography as a complex of various genres that challenge and extend autobiography and claim the social intelligibility of another’s life. Contributing to authorized histories and secret histories, biography solidified a historiography that centred on the individual and connected psychology and politics. Romantic print culture consolidated possessive individualism and its literary figure, the realistic hero, and biography helped establish the realistic analogue of fiction, the celebrity. The inaugural Public Characters (1798) declared biography ‘the most fascinating and instructive species of literary composition’; such comments, whether earnest or flippant, bolstered the production of Boswellian biographies, such as Thomas Moore’s Life of Byron, a reconstruction of the Romantic hero of self-consciously autobiographical living. Similarly, Walter Scott’s, William Hazlitt’s, and William Henry Ireland’s competing multi-volume lives of Napoleon, each stemming from distinct political and literary sensibilities, all seek to define European modernity through biography.
Sexual and Gender Diversity in the Middle Eastern Contexts
Authors: Abualsameed Suhail 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter will explore the challenge of applying global approaches to queer and LGBTI standards of work, mostly governed by Western principles and paradigms, to Middle Eastern contexts within the international humanitarian and development sectors. It will also explore the association of this tension with the global human rights narrative, which is often critiqued as lacking alignment with local realities and cultural norms. The chapter will attempt to identify points of divergence as well as the influence between Western definitions of sexual identities (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, etc.), experiences, and historic relevance to legal and structural frameworks, and those within cultures of the Middle East, and particularly the Levant countries of Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq. It will also try to explain why the translation of such Western narratives to Middle Eastern contexts fails to be true to the lived realities of people with diverse sexual and gender identities and/or lived experiences.
What Is Innovation?
Authors: Rawlings Bruce S. , Reader Simon M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour, is core to cultural evolution and fundamental to the success of humans. Innovations allow us to adapt to and change habitats, solve novel problems, and survive and flourish in diverse environments. Innovation also appears to be pervasive across the animal kingdom, with adaptive importance within a wide range of species. This chapter covers how innovation and its subcategories are defined and studied and its importance to both cultural and genetic evolution. The authors discuss the difficulty of creating useful, operational definitions that can link disparate fields, and controversies in the study of innovation, such as the independence of innovation from processes such as exploration and creativity. Considering costs and benefits to innovation, the authors address how individual, social, and ecological influences shape innovative propensities. The chapter finishes by discussing how cross-disciplinary research is key to resolving controversies within the field.
Greek and Roman Slaveries: Methodological Issues
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter traces the historiography of the study of slavery in antiquity and the dominant approaches that have shaped it. Building on this outline, it presents an alternative processual framework for the study of Greek and Roman slaveries: the diverse modalities of conceptualizing slavery that were employed for the most varied purposes; the various slaving strategies employed by masters and the contexts in which they took place; and the dialectical relationships between masters and slaves, between free and slave, and within the communities that slaves created or participated in. These three processes exhibited substantial degrees of spatial diversity between ancient societies, while also shaping the historical change of ancient slave systems. Finally, we explore the significance of comparative perspectives for the study of ancient slaveries, as well as the need to examine systematically the nature of our various kinds of sources and their particular features.
Targeting enhanced cell death represents a potential therapeutic strategy for VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Adachi Soichiro , Kirino Yohei , Higashitani Kana , Hirahara Lisa , Maeda Ayaka , Horita Nobuyuki , Takase-Minegishi Kaoru , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Nakajima Hideaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To unravel the mechanisms underlying cell death in the vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome using peripheral blood samples and to assess the clinical value of this knowledge.

Methods
Nine patients undergoing treatment for VEXAS syndrome at Yokohama City University Hospital were included in this study. Monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and then monocytes were differentiated into polarized macrophages. Viable cell counts, cell death assays and measurements of various indicators such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentration, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, annexin V level and caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities were performed.

Results
Elevated cell death of monocytes and neutrophils was observed in VEXAS syndrome patients, as indicated by cultured cell counts and cell death assays. Annexin V assays and measurements of caspase 1, 3 and 7 activities suggested increased apoptosis and pyroptosis in these cells. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in VEXAS syndrome patients and decreased after prednisolone (PSL) dose escalation. Monocytes and neutrophils from the VEXAS group exhibited heightened extracellular ATP secretion, which was significantly reduced by soluble PSL co-culture.

Conclusion
This study confirms increased cell death of monocytes and neutrophils and damage-associated molecular patterns in VEXAS syndrome, and these findings may be valuable for drug screening, therapeutic strategies and as biomarkers.
Disruption of memory B-cell trafficking by belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Arends Eline J , Zlei Mihaela , Tipton Christopher M , Cotic Jasna , Osmani Zgjim , de Bie Fenna J , Kamerling Sylvia W A , van Maurik Andre , Dimelow Richard , Gregan Yun Irene , Fox Norma Lynn , Rabelink Ton J , Roth David A , Sanz Ignacio , van Dongen Jacques J M , van Kooten Cees , Teng Y K Onno 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Autoreactive memory B cells (MBCs) contribute to chronic and progressive courses in autoimmune diseases like SLE. The efficacy of belimumab (BEL), the first approved biologic treatment for SLE and LN, is generally attributed to depletion of activated naïve B cells and inhibition of B-cell activation. BEL’s effect on MBCs is currently unexplained. We performed an in-depth cellular and transcriptomic analysis of BEL’s impact on the blood MBC compartment in patients with SLE.

Methods
A retrospective meta-analysis was conducted, pooling flow cytometry data from four randomized trials involving 1245 patients with SLE treated with intravenous BEL or placebo. Then, extensive MBC phenotyping was performed using high-sensitivity flow cytometry in patients with mild/moderate SLE and severe SLE/LN treated with subcutaneous BEL. Finally, transcriptomic characterization of surging MBCs was performed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Results
In BEL-treated patients, a significant increase in circulating MBCs, in a broad range of MBC subsets, was established at week 2, gradually returning to baseline by week 52. The increase was most prominent in patients with higher SLE disease activity, serologically active patients and patients aged ≤18 years. MBCs had a non-proliferating phenotype with a prominent decrease in activation status and downregulation of numerous migration genes.

Conclusion
Upon BEL initiation, an increase of MBCs was firmly established. In the small cohort investigated, circulating MBCs were de-activated, non-proliferative and demonstrated characteristics of disrupted lymphocyte trafficking, expanding on our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of B-cell-activating factor inhibition by BEL.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00071487, NCT00410384, NCT01632241, NCT01649765, NCT03312907, NCT03747159.
Low-density granulocytes and neutrophil extracellular trap formation are increased in incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Henning Svenja , Reimers Tobias , Abdulahad Wayel , Fierro Juan J , Doornbos-van der Meer Berber , Bootsma Hendrika , Horvath Barbara , de Leeuw Karina , Westra Johanna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the proportion of low-density granulocytes (LDGs), circulating plasma neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and serum-induced NET formation in patients with incomplete SLE (iSLE) and SLE.

Methods
LDGs were measured cross-sectionally in 18 iSLE patients, 11 SLE patients and 14 healthy controls (HCs), whereas circulating NETs and serum-induced NET formation were assessed in 35 iSLE patients, 41 SLE patients and 16 HCs. LDGs (CD14lowCD15+) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using flow cytometry, and circulating plasma NETs were measured using anti-myeloperoxidase-DNA, anti-citrullinated histone H3 and anti-elastase-DNA complex ELISAs. Serum-induced NET formation was assessed by incubating healthy neutrophils with serum from iSLE patients, SLE patients or HCs and visualizing NETs with fluorescence microscopy.

Results
Proportions of LDGs and circulating plasma NETs were similarly elevated in iSLE and SLE patients compared with those in HCs. Furthermore, patients under HCQ treatment had lower proportions of LDGs than those without. Serum from iSLE and SLE patients similarly induced NET formation in healthy neutrophils. In iSLE patients, myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes were correlated with proportions of age-associated B-cells, memory B-cells and negatively with naïve B-cells, while we did not find associations between measures of NETs or serum-induced NET formation and interferon score or clinical parameters.

Conclusion
These results show that neutrophil dysfunction, including higher proportions of LDGs, and increased NET formation, already occur in iSLE, similar to SLE, despite differences in disease manifestations. Thereby, neutrophil dysfunction may contribute to sustained exposure to autoantigens and autoreactivity in early stages of SLE.
Serum proteomic profiles of patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
Authors: Kawada Jun-ichi , Yamaguchi Makoto , Haruta Kazunori , Fukuda Yuto , Iwata Ken-ichi , Suzuki Takako , Torii Yuka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by sterile bone inflammation; however, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the serum proteomic profiles of patients with CRMO to better understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning CRMO pathogenesis.

Methods
Proteomic profiling of the sera collected from 11 patients with CRMO (5 patients were in active phase, 6 were in inactive phase) was conducted using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sera from four children without inflammatory diseases were used as controls. Pathway analysis was performed to identify the upregulated and downregulated proteins in patients with active CRMO.

Results
Compared with the control group, 19 and 41 proteins were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in patients with active CRMO. Pathway and process enrichment analyses revealed that axon guidance was the most enriched category of upregulated proteins in patients with active CRMO, followed by neutrophil degranulation and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade regulation. In comparison to patients with inactive CRMO, 36 proteins, including 11 keratin proteins, were upregulated and highly enriched in the intermediate filament organization category. Rho GTPase pathway-related proteins were downregulated in ibuprofen-treated patients.

Conclusion
Proteomic analysis identified upregulated proteins in the sera of patients with acute CRMO. These proteins can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and activity. Furthermore, we anticipate that this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of CRMO, which, in turn, will contribute to the discovery of potential novel therapeutic targets.
Pathophysiology and transcriptomic responses of Pinus armandii defenses to ophiostomatoid fungi
Authors: Wang Huimin , Liu Ya , Wang Tiantian , Liu Duanchong , Lu Quan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pinus armandii Franch. is an ecologically and economically important evergreen tree species native to western China. Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li and pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi pose substantial threats to P. armandii. With the interplay between species, the defense mechanisms of P. armandii have evolved to withstand external biotic stressors. However, the interactions between P. armandii and pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungal species/strains remain poorly understood. We aimed to analyze the pathophysiological and molecular changes in P. armandii following artificial inoculation with four ophiostomatoid species (Graphilbum parakesiyea, Leptographium qinlingense, Ophiostoma shennongense and Ophiostoma sp. 1). The study revealed that L. qinlingense produced the longest necrotic lesions, and G. parakesiyea produced the shortest. All strains induced monoterpenoid release, and monoterpene levels of P. armandii were positively correlated with fungal virulence (R2 = 0.93, P &lt; 0.01). Co-inoculation of two dominant highly (L. qinlingense) and weakly virulent (O. shennongense) pathogens reduced the pathogenicity of the highly virulent fungi. Transcriptomic analysis of P. armandii (LQ: L. qinlingense treatments, QS: co-inoculation treatments and OS: O. shennongense treatments) showed that the expression pattern of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between QS and OS was similar, but different from that of LQ. The DEGs (LQ vs QS) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were downregulated. Notably, compared with LQ, QS significantly decreased the expression of host defense-related genes. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis for managing infestations of D. armandi and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.