bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cervical smear in the diagnosis and management of extrauterine malignancies metastatic to the cervix: Three case reports
Authors: Giordano Giovanna , Gnetti Letizia , Pilato Francesco Paolo , Viviano Luca , Silini Enrico Maria 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis report analyses the clinicopathologic features of three metastatic extragenital neoplasms to the cervix. These examples of metastatic extragenital malignancies to the cervix are cutaneous malignant melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. The diagnosis of these metastatic malignancies was suspected on a historical basis. The value of Pap smears is limited on the other hand, since for a correct diagnosis in all our cases, this examination required corroboration by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In all these examples of extragenital metastatic neoplasms, as in other cases reported in literature, the patients had undergone cervical smear because of vaginal bleeding, even if Pap smear is considered a questionable maneuver in vaginal bleeding. Accordingly, our article reveals that a great deal of rigorous screening, precise morphological analysis, and plentiful clinical data are mandatory in approaching diagnoses of extracervical malignancies. However, this study did demonstrate that cytology does not alter patient management or outcome. In effect, in accordance with other studies, our cases of metastatic extragenital neoplasms to the uterus have poor prognosis Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ricin poisoning and forensic toxicology
Authors: Musshoff Frank , Madea Burkhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRicin is one of the most fascinating poisons due to its high toxicity: as little as 500 µg can kill an adult. It gained fame by its use in the so‐called ‘umbrella murder’ to kill the Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov in 1978. Ricin also became known as a potential bio‐terror agent to which people could be exposed through the air, food, or water. The origin, biochemistry, toxicity, and analytical procedures for the determination of ricin are summarized. The homicide of Markov is described as well as recent cases of criminal ricin use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Murder by insulin: suspected, purported and proven—a review
Authors: Marks Vincent 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMurder by insulin—whether attempted, suspected or proven—is rare. Only 66 cases worldwide could be found for this review. A conviction was secured in 31 cases and additional weapon was employed in 11. Differentiation of attempted homicide from Munchausen syndrome by proxy in the young and from ‘mercy killing’ in the elderly was not attempted. Most perpetrators were close relatives and most victims were alive when discovered and responded to treatment. Hypoglycaemia is the first clue to homicidal insulin use in living subjects and requires the demonstration of a plasma insulin concentration of generally more than 1000 pmol/L and undetectable plasma C‐peptide concentration to establish the diagnosis. Serum glucose measurements are valueless in victims found dead. The presence near the body of insulin vials, syringes or needles, loose talk by the suspected perpetrator or their ready access to insulin may be the only clue. The demonstration of insulin in tissue around an injection site by immunohistopathology or by measuring it in an extract clinches the diagnosis. Immunoassays suitable for clinical use to detect and measure insulin and C‐peptide are subject to random errors and cannot be relied upon unless special precautions including separation by gel filtration or HPLC are undertaken prior to analysis. They do not detect or measure accurately a new generation of synthetic insulin analogues. Mass spectrometry will be required to do this and to validate clinical immunoassays, upon which convictions have always had to rely in the past. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi target analysis of putrefactive specimens by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry to prove multiple poisonings by hypnotics and muscle relaxants
Authors: Thieme Detlef , Peschel Oliver , Fischer Florian , Graw Matthias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe muscle relaxant rocuronium and the hypnotics etomidate, diazepam and midazolam were candidate poisons in a case of a suspected series of fatal intoxications in a hospital. A robust, specific and sensitive multi‐target screening procedure was established to identify unequivocally the parent compounds and diagnostic metabolites and artefacts in putrefied specimens, obtained from exhumed bodies. The analytical findings of relevant compounds could be traced partially back to authorised therapeutic measures, whereas the identification of rocuronium proved potentially lethal intoxications in 13 (of a total number of 42) cases.Moreover, the detection of certain hypnotics revealed an improper administration of these compounds in another nine cases, which suggested manipulation but was not indicative of fatal intoxications.Quantitative estimations of substance concentrations were highly correlated with the post‐mortem time intervals and did not reveal any information on doses, initial serum concentrations or toxicological effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Murder by poisoning: successful analytical investigations of spectacular cases in Austria
Authors: Vycudilik Walter , Gmeiner Günter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo prove murder by poisoning requires the application of analytical toxicology to detect the fatal substance and clear up the cause of death. Improvements in the development of mass spectrometry in combination with high‐resolution chromatographic methods are steadily enhancing detection and identification power but making use of these advances relies on proper sample preparation as well as on knowledge about the chemical nature of the substances and their bio‐transformation products. This review gives examples of case reports with successful analytical investigations of murder by poisoning in spectacular Austrian cases involving low molecular weight. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Ruthenium Complexes with Phosphanylacetal and Phosphanylthioacetal Ligands
Authors: Bayly Simon R. , Cowley Andrew R. , Dilworth Jonathan R. , Ward Caroline V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe chemistry of the mixed P,S‐donor ligands [2‐(1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)phenyl]diphenylphosphane (PhPOO, 1), and [2‐(1,3‐dithiolan‐2‐yl)phenyl]diphenylphosphane (PhPSS, 2) with the RuII precursors [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and [RuCl2(4‐cymene)]2 has been investigated. The structures of the resulting complexes were analysed by X‐ray crystallography and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and their activity as catalysts for hydrosilylation was examined. Reaction of 1 with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] in methanol solution produced [RuCl2(PhP(OMe)2)2] (3) {with [RuCl2(MeOH){PhP(OMe)2}(PPh3)] (3a) as a side product}, whereas the same reaction with [RuCl2(4‐cymene)]2 produced [RuCl2(PhPOO)2] (4). The dioxolane complex 4 showed fluxional behaviour by NMR spectroscopy, whereas 3 did not. Reaction of PhPSS with[RuCl2(PPh3)3] in methanol solution produced [RuCl2(PhPSS)2] (5), and reaction with [RuCl2(4‐cymene)]2 produced the cationic complex [RuCl(4‐cymene)(PhPSS)]+ (6) by precipitation with NaBPh4. In solution both 5 and 6 exist in two isomeric forms, and neither shows evidence of fluxionality at room temperature. Of the complexes tested only the acetal species 3 showed any significant hydrosilylation activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Tetramethylplatinum(IV) Complex with 1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene Ligands: Reaction with Trifluoroacetic Acid
Authors: Shahsavari Hamid R. , Rashidi Mehdi , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud , Habibzadeh Sepideh , Heinemann Frank W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new tetramethylplatinum(IV) complex [PtMe4(dppf)] [2; dppf = 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene], as the first platinum(IV) complex to contain a chelating dppf ligand, was prepared by the reaction of the known dimeric tetramethylplatinum(IV) complex cis,cis‐[Me4Pt(μ‐SMe2)2PtMe4] (1) with the biphosphane ligand dppf (2 equiv.) at room temperature by replacement of the SMe2 ligands with the P ligating atoms of dppf. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of complex 2 revealed that the dppf chelating ligand is arranged close to the “synperiplanar–eclipsed” conformation, with a Cp(centroid)···Fe···Cp(centroid) twist angle of 17.6° and a dppf bite angle, P1–Pt1–P2, of 95.77(3)°. This is in contrast to the usually preferred “synclinal–staggered” conformation, in which the Cp(centroid)···Fe···Cp(centroid) twist angle is close to 36° as found in PtII complexes with chelating dppf ligands, like for example [PtMe2(dppf)] exhibiting a dppf bite angle close to 100°. When complex 2 was treated with the strong acid CF3COOH (1 equiv.) first evolution of methane was observed, followed by a C–C coupling reaction to give ethane and the methylplatinum(II) complex [PtMe(OCOCF3)(dppf)] (3). The reaction of complex 2 with the nucleophile HgCl2 (1 equiv.) similarly gave MeHgCl, ethane, and the methylplatinum(II) complex [PtMeCl(dppf)] (11). The structure of complex 3 was also determined by X‐ray crystallography. The geometry around the platinum center is best described as distorted square‐planar and the dppf is arranged in the usually preferred “synclinal–staggered” conformation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Redox Behavior of 1,3‐Bismethylthio‐) and 1,3‐Bis(phenylthio)azulenes Bearing 2‐ and 3‐Thienyl Substituents by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 2‐ and 6‐Haloazulenes with Thienylmagnesium Ate Complexes
Authors: Shoji Taku , Ito Shunji , Toyota Kozo , Iwamoto Takeaki , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreparation of thienylazulenes 3–6 was established by the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of the corresponding haloazulenes with thienylmagnesium ate complexes, which were readily prepared from the corresponding bromothiophenes. The reaction of 3–6 with several sulfoxides in the presence of Tf2O, followed by treatment with triethylamine afforded the corresponding 1,3‐bis(methylthio)‐ and 1,3‐bis(phenylthio)‐2‐ and 6‐thienylazulenes 7–12 in good yields. Redox behavior of the novel azulene derivatives with 2‐ and 3‐thienyl‐substituted 3–12 was examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, which revealed amphoteric redox behavior. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Reactions between 1‐Ethynylazulenes and 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ): Preparation, Properties, and Redox Behavior of Novel Azulene‐Substituted Redox‐Active Chromophores
Authors: Shoji Taku , Ito Shunji , Toyota Kozo , Iwamoto Takeaki , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru 
Published: July 2009

Abstract[2+2] Cycloaddition/cycloreversion reactions between TCNQ and mono‐ or bis[2‐(azulen‐1‐yl)ethynyl]benzene or ‐thiophene derivatives were examined: the corresponding TCNQ adducts, novel azulene‐substituted redox‐active chromophores, were produced in excellent yields. TCNE/TCNQ double adducts were also prepared both by stepwise and by one‐pot cascade reactions. The redox behavior of these novel azulene‐substituted chromophores was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Significant color changes in these azulene‐substituted chromophores under electrochemical reduction conditions were observed by visible spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An evaluation of a 3D free‐energy‐based lattice Boltzmann model for multiphase flows with large density ratio
Authors: Huang Haibo , Zheng Hongwei , Lu Xi‐yun , Shu Chang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the 3D Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation and Cahn–Hilliard (C–H) equations were solved using a free‐energy‐based lattice Boltzmann (LB) model. In this model, a LB equation with a D3Q19 velocity model is used to recover continuity and N–S equations while another LB equation with D3Q7 velocity model for solving C–H equation (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 2008; 56:1653–1671) is applied to solve the 3D C–H equation.To avoid the excessive use of computational resources, a moving reference frame is adopted to allow long‐time simulation of a bubble rising. How to handle the inlet/outlet and moving‐wall boundary conditions are suggested. These boundary conditions are simple and easy for implementation.This model's performance on two‐phase flows was investigated and the mass conservation of this model was evaluated. The model is validated by its application to simulate the 3D air bubble rising in viscous liquid (density ratio is 1000). Good agreement was obtained between the present numerical results and experimental results when Re is small. However, for high‐Re cases, the mass conservation seems not so good as the low‐Re case. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detectable BRAF mutation in serum DNA samples from patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Chuang Tony C. Y. , Chuang Alice Y. C. , Poeta Luana , Koch Wayne M. , Califano Joseph A. , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.An activating point mutation of the BRAF oncogene results in a V600E amino acid missense mutation found in a majority of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC).Methods.In this study, 28 matched tumor and serum samples obtained from patients with both benign and malignant thyroid disorders were analyzed for BRAF mutation using a gap‐ligase chain reaction technique.Results.The BRAF mutation was absent in tumor DNA samples obtained from patients with benign adenomas, follicular neoplasms or carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma. In contrast, 5 of 14 PTC tumors were positive for the BRAF mutation. Moreover, 3 of 14 patients with PTC were positive for BRAF mutation in serum and tumor. Of these 3 patients, 2 had lymph node metastasis and 2 had PTC in background of the Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Conclusions.The detection of free circulating mutant BRAF in patients with PTC is possible and future studies are warranted to determine its clinical significance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Multidimensional analysis of body image concerns among newly diagnosed patients with oral cavity cancer
Authors: Fingeret Michelle Cororve , Vidrine Damon J. , Reece Gregory P. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Gritz Ellen R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Body image is a critical psychosocial issue for patients facing treatment for oral cancer, yet there is limited research conducted in this area. This study uses a multidimensional approach to body image assessment and evaluates relationships between body image, demographic, health, and psychosocial variables.Methods.Newly diagnosed patients with oral cancer completed self‐report questionnaires and a structured clinical interview.Results.Most participants identified current and/or future body image concerns primarily related to impending surgery. Adequate psychometric properties were demonstrated on a range of body image measures. Depression was the strongest and most consistent predictor of body image outcomes.Conclusions.Preliminary evidence supports the importance of evaluating body image concerns in oral cancer patients prior to surgical intervention. Our findings have implications for developing validated body image tools and can be used to guide psychosocial interventions targeting body image disturbance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Anatomical landmarks for endosonography of the larynx
Authors: Kraft Marcel , Mende Susanne , Arnoux André , Arens Christoph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundA precise knowledge of anatomy is necessary to allow a correct interpretation of sonographic images when investigating a particular region of the body. The objective of the present study was to establish anatomical landmarks for endosonography of the larynx.MethodsIn an experimental study, a total of 32 normal human larynges were examined endosonographically, and the classical landmarks were correlated to horizontal whole‐organ sections of the scanned specimens.ResultsAll laryngeal specimens showed a similar and reproducible sonoanatomy, which could be verified consistently on corresponding histological cross sections. Anatomical structures readily identified included the laryngeal framework, the vocal ligament, the vocal muscle, the ventricular fold, the preepiglottic and paraglottic space, and the epiglottis.ConclusionsDue to a reproducible sonoanatomy of the larynx, endosonography might be an interesting complementary tool in the diagnostic investigation of laryngeal lesions such as medium‐sized tumors, cysts, laryngoceles, and stenoses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Malakoplakia presenting as an enlarging neck mass: Case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Garg Montey , Eley Karen A. , Bond Stephen E. , Shah Ketan A. , Browning Lisa , Watt‐Smith Stephen R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Malakoplakia is a very rare chronic inflammatory disorder, first described in 1902. In 75% of cases, the condition affects the genitourinary tract. Five cases of malakoplakia affecting the neck were previously reported in the literature.Methods and Results.An 83‐year‐old woman presented with an enlarging mass in the posterior triangle of the neck that was histologically confirmed as malakoplakia. Presenting features are often nonspecific, and the diagnosis is dependent on histological findings. The characteristic microscopic findings are of Michaelis–Gutmann (M‐G) bodies that stain positive with periodic acid–Schiff reagent, von Kossa's reaction for calcium, and Perl's ferrocyanide reaction to ferric iron.Conclusion.Although rare, a diagnosis of malakoplakia should be considered in patients with an enlarging mass. This may mimic the presentation of malignancy, particularly in patients in whom erosion through skin occurs, and histological confirmation is advocated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 32:1269–1272, 2010
Detection of cervical metastases with 11C‐tyrosine pet in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx: A comparison with 18F‐FDG PET
Authors: Krabbe Christiaan A. , van der Werff‐Regelink Gerreke , Pruim Jan , van der Wal Jacqueline E. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.A disadvantage of 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in head and neck cancer is that 18F‐FDG uptake is not specific to malignant tissue. To provide an alternative, radiolabeled amino acids such as L‐1‐[11C]‐tyrosine (11C‐TYR), were introduced because these are less avidly metabolized by inflammatory cells.Methods.In this prospective study, we compared both 11C‐TYR PET and 18F‐FDG PET performance in detecting cervical metastases in 27 patients with a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity or oropharynx.Results.11C‐TYR PET sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting nodal metastases were 33%, 100%, and 81%, respectively. With respect to 18F‐FDG PET, these figures were 67%, 97%, and 89%, respectively. Neck metastases not detected by 11C‐TYR PET were camouflaged by high tracer uptake by salivary glands.Conclusions.Because of bilateral accumulation of 11C‐TYR in salivary glands, 11C‐TYR PET is not suitable to replace 18F‐FDG PET in staging SCC of oral cavity and oropharynx. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Absence of Simian virus 40, BK, and JC polyomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma limited to the oral cavity
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Carinci Francesco , Martinelli Marcella , Spinelli Giuseppe , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Rubini Corrado , Scapoli Luca 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are among the most aggressive types of cancer. The Simian virus 40 (SV40), which is a polyomavirus known for its oncogenic potential, was found as a contaminant of oral vaccines and has been related to human pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of SV40 and 2 human polyomaviruses—BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV)—in a large sample of SCCs of the oral cavity.Methods.Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate virus load.Results.Overall, the prevalence of SV40, BKV, and JCV in oral SCC was negligible. Matched‐pair case‐control analysis indicated that prevalence among the controls did not significantly differ with respect to analyzed cases.Conclusion.The results did not indicate a major role for SV40, BKV, and JCV in the etiology of oral SCC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Non‐toxic melanoma therapy by a novel tubulin‐binding agent
Authors: Aneja Ritu , Asress Seneshaw , Dhiman Neerupma , Awasthi Anshumali , Rida Padmashree C.G. , Arora Sudarshan K. , Zhou Jun , Glass Jonathan D. , Joshi Harish C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract(S)‐3‐((R)‐9‐bromo‐4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐g]isoquino‐lin‐5‐yl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (EM011) is a tubulin‐binding agent with significant anticancer activity. Here we show that EM011 modulates microtubule dynamics at concentrations that do not alter the total polymer mass of tubulin. In particular, EM011 decreases the transition frequencies between growth and shortening phases and increases the duration microtubules spend in an idle ‘pause’ state. Using B16LS9 murine melanoma cells, we show that EM011 briefly arrests cell‐cycle progression at the G2/M phase by formation of multiple aster spindles. An aberrant mitotic exit without cytokinesis then occurs, leading to the accumulation of abnormal multinucleated cells prior to apoptosis. Our pharmacokinetic studies conformed to a linear dose‐response relationship upto 150 mg/kg. However, non‐linearity was observed at 300 mg/kg. In a syngeneic murine model of subcutaneous melanoma, better antitumor responses were seen at 150 mg/kg compared to 300 mg/kg of EM011. Unlike currently available chemotherapeutics, EM011 is non‐toxic to normal tissues and most importantly, does not cause any immunosuppression and neurotoxicity. Our data thus warrant a clinical evaluation of EM011 for melanoma therapy.
Synergistic actions of atorvastatin with γ‐tocotrienol and celecoxib against human colon cancer HT29 and HCT116 cells
Authors: Yang Zhihong , Xiao Hang , Jin Huanyu , Koo Phillip T. , Tsang Dorothea J. , Yang Chung S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synergistic actions of atorvastatin (ATST) with γ‐tocotrienol (γ‐TT) and celecoxib (CXIB) were studied in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116. The synergistic inhibition of cell growth by ATST and γ‐TT was demonstrated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and isobologram analysis. δ‐TT exhibited a similar inhibitory action when combined with ATST. Mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate eliminated most of the growth inhibitory effect of ATST, but only marginally decreased that of γ‐TT; whereas farnesyl pyrophosphate and squalene exhibited little effect on the inhibitory action of ATST and γ‐TT, indicating protein geranylgeranylation, but not farnesylation are involved in the inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. Both mevalonate and squalene restored the cellular cholesterol level that was reduced by ATST treatment, but only mevalonate eliminated the cell growth inhibitory effect, suggesting that the cholesterol level in cells does not play an essential role in inhibiting cancer cell growth. Protein level of HMG‐CoA reductase increased after ATST treatment, and the presence of γ‐TT attenuated the elevated level of HMG‐CoA reductase. ATST also decreased membrane‐bound RhoA, possibly due to a reduced level of protein geranylgeranylation; addition of γ‐TT enhanced this effect. The mediation of HMG‐CoA reductase and RhoA provides a possible mechanism for the synergistic action of ATST and γ‐TT. The triple combination of ATST, γ‐TT and CXIB showed a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth in MTT assays. The synergistic action of these three compounds was also illustrated by their induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.