bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass, charge, and distance to Reissner–Nordström black hole in terms of directly measurable quantities
Authors: Morales-Herrera Gerardo , Ortega-Ruiz Pablo , Momennia Mehrab , Herrera-Aguilar Alfredo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we employ a general relativistic formalism and develop new theoretical tools that allow us to analytically express the mass and electric charge of the Reissner–Nordström black hole as well as its distance to a distant observer in terms of few directly observable quantities, such as the total frequency shift, aperture angle of the telescope, and redshift rapidity. Our analytic and concise formulas are valid on the midline, and the redshift rapidity is a relativistic invariant observable that represents the evolution of the frequency shift with respect to the proper time in the Reissner–Nordström spacetime. This procedure is applicable for particles undergoing circular motion around a spherically symmetric and electrically charged black hole, which is the case for accretion disks orbiting supermassive black holes hosted at the core of active galactic nuclei. Although this type of black hole is expected to be electrically neutral, our results provide a novel method to measure the electric charge of the Reissner–Nordström black hole, hence can shed some light on this claim. Besides, these results allow us to measure the mass of the black hole and its distance from the Earth, and we can employ the general formulas in black hole parameter estimation studies.
Mammographic Texture versus Conventional Cumulus Measure of Density in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction: A Literature Review
Authors: Ye Zhoufeng , Nguyen Tuong L. , Dite Gillian S. , MacInnis Robert J. , Hopper John L. , Li Shuai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mammographic textures show promise as breast cancer risk predictors, distinct from mammographic density. Yet, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence to determine the relative strengths as risk predictor of textures and density and the reliability of texture-based measures. We searched the PubMed database for research published up to November 2023, which assessed breast cancer risk associations [odds ratios (OR)] with texture-based measures and percent mammographic density (PMD), and their discrimination [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC)], using same datasets. Of 11 publications, for textures, six found stronger associations (P &lt; 0.05) with 11% to 508% increases on the log scale by study, and four found weaker associations (P &lt; 0.05) with 14% to 100% decreases, compared with PMD. Risk associations remained significant when fitting textures and PMD together. Eleven of 17 publications found greater AUCs for textures than PMD (P &lt; 0.05); increases were 0.04 to 0.25 by study. Discrimination from PMD and these textures jointly was significantly higher than from PMD alone (P &lt; 0.05). Therefore, different textures could capture distinct breast cancer risk information, partially independent of mammographic density, suggesting their joint role in breast cancer risk prediction. Some textures could outperform mammographic density for predicting breast cancer risk. However, obtaining reliable texture-based measures necessitates addressing various issues. Collaboration of researchers from diverse fields could be beneficial for advancing this complex field.
History of Infertility and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Farland Leslie V. , Lind Kimberly E. , Roe Denise J. , Saquib Nazmus , Strickler Howard D. , Qi Lihong , Thomson Cynthia A. , Harris Holly R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
There has been limited prior research on the association between infertility and risk of colorectal cancer.

Methods:
Data from postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative were used to estimate the association between self-reported infertility (12 months of trying to get pregnant without achieving a pregnancy) and the risk of colorectal cancer using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:
No association was observed between infertility and risk of postmenopausal colorectal cancer [RR, 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.08], invasive colorectal cancer (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.88–1.10), or colorectal cancer mortality (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71–1.12).

Conclusions:
Infertility was not found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Risk did not vary by specific infertility diagnoses.

Impact:
Infertility may not be associated with colorectal cancer risk.
Impact of Elevated Gradients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Degenerated Surgical Aortic Valve Bioprostheses
Authors: Kherallah Riyad Yazan , Suffredini John M. , Rahman Faisal , Eng Marvin H. , Kleiman Neal , Manandhar Pratik , Kosinski Andrzej , Silva Guilherme , Kamat Ishan , Kapadia Samir , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Jneid Hani 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Elevated aortic valve gradients are common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated surgical aortic valve replacement bioprostheses, but their clinical impact is uncertain.

METHODS:
A total of 12 122 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation-in-surgical aortic valve replacement from November 2011 to December 2019 in the Society of Thoracic Surgery/American College of Cardiology Transvalvular Therapeutics Registry were included. The primary outcome was a composite of 1-year all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, or valve reintervention. Secondary outcomes included 1-year all-cause mortality, readmission, and change from baseline 12-question self-administered Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary Score. Due to nonlinearity observed with restricted cubic splines analysis, a Cox regression analysis with aortic valve mean gradient modeled as a spline-continuous variable (with 20 mm Hg as a cutoff) was used to study the 1-year composite outcome and mortality.

RESULTS:

The composite outcome occurred most frequently in patients with aortic valve mean gradient ≥30 and <10 mm Hg, as compared with those with 10 to 20 and 20 to 30 mm Hg ranges (unadjusted rates, 13.9%, 12.1%, 7.5%, and 6.5%, respectively;
P
=0.002). When the mean aortic valve gradient was ≥20 mm Hg, higher gradients were associated with greater risk of the 1-year composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02 [1.02–1.03] per mm Hg;
P
<0.001) and 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02 [1.00–1.03] per mm Hg;
P
=0.007). Whereas when the mean aortic valve gradient was <20 mm Hg, higher gradients were not significantly associated with the composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.99 [0.98–1.003] per mm Hg;
P
=0.12) but were associated with lower 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98 [0.97–0.99] per mm Hg;
P
=0.007).

CONCLUSIONS:
The relationship between postprocedural aortic valve mean gradient after transcatheter aortic valve implantation-in-surgical aortic valve replacement and clinical outcomes is complex and nonlinear, with relatively greater adverse events occurring at low and high gradient extremes. Further study of factors mediating the relationship between postprocedural gradients and clinical outcomes, including low-flow states, is necessary.
Combining Early Ischemic Change and Collateral Extent for Functional Outcomes After Endovascular Therapy: An Analysis From AcT Trial
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Kaveeta Chitapa , Pensato Umberto , Zhang Jianhai , Bala Fouzi , Alhabli Ibrahim , Horn MacKenzie , Ademola Ayoola , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Ganesh Aravind , Buck Brian , Tkach Aleksander , Catanese Luciana , Dowlatshahi Dar , Shankar Jai , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Shamy Michel , Qiu Wu , Swartz Richard H. , Hill Michael D. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Menon Bijoy K. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Singh Nishita 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Early ischemic change and collateral extent are colinear with ischemic core volume (ICV). We investigated the relationship between a combined score using the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score and multiphase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) collateral extent, named mCTA-ACE score, on functional outcomes in endovascular therapy–treated patients.

METHODS:
We performed a post hoc analysis of a subset of endovascular therapy–treated patients from the Alteplase Compared to Tenecteplase trial which was conducted between December 2019 and January 2022 at 22 centers across Canada. Ten-point mCTA collateral corresponding to M2 to M6 regions of the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score grid was evaluated as 0 (poor), 1 (moderate), or 2 (normal) and additively combined with the 10-point Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score to produce a 20-point mCTA-ACE score. We investigated the association of mCTA-ACE score with modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and return to prestroke level of function at 90 to 120 days using mixed-effects logistic regression. In the subset of patients who underwent baseline computed tomography perfusion imaging, we compared the mCTA-ACE score and ICV for outcome prediction.

RESULTS:

Among 1577 intention-to-treat population in the trial, 368 (23%; 179 men; median age, 73 years) were included, with Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, mCTA collateral, and combination of both (mCTA-ACE score: median [interquartile range], 8 [7–10], 9 [8–10], and 17 [16–19], respectively). The probability of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and return to prestroke level of function increased for each 1-point increase in mCTA-ACE score (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06–1.28] and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.06–1.40], respectively). Among 173 patients in whom computed tomography perfusion data was assessable, the mCTA-ACE score was inversely correlated with ICV (ρ=−0.46;
P
<0.01). The mCTA-ACE score was comparable to ICV to predict a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 and return to prestroke level of function (C statistics 0.71 versus 0.69 and 0.68 versus 0.64, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
The mCTA-ACE score had a significant positive association with functional outcomes after endovascular therapy and had a similar predictive performance as ICV.
Establishing Faith – The Close Relationships, the Early Influences and the Aspect of Integrity and Trust
Authors: Bjørntvedt Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines the establishment of Christian faith amongst Norwegians aged 30–40, with focus on the impact and nature of early religious influences. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the research synthesizes quantitative data from 585 participants, complemented by qualitative follow-ups with 10 respondents from the initial cohort. The tripartite investigation probes into the dynamics of Christian faith formation in this demographic. It particularly scrutinizes the synergy between personal relationships and engagement in Christian practices. The findings suggest a composite of activities that collectively underscore their significance. While youth ministry and parental influence during adolescence play notable roles, the qualities embodied in personal relationships – characterized by warmth, trustworthiness, and integrity – may be more crucial than the structural aspects of the relationships themselves. These insights contest conventional views of predominant influences on faith formation and religious acculturation, underscoring the salience of authentic interpersonal connections in navigating one’s spiritual trajectory.
Reporting of Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Southern State in the United States
Authors: Thome Julia C. , Gracey Kathy , Epstein Richard A. , Cull Michael J. , Kuhn Tarah , Raman Rameela 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: COVID-19–related stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) created an immediate physical barrier between children and professionals such as pediatricians and teachers, who are often first to identify and report signs of child maltreatment. Our objective was to determine how the SAHO in a southern state was associated with reports of child maltreatment and whether this association was modified by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: We linked data on reports of child maltreatment from a southern state in the United States from October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2020, to data from the US Census Bureau to obtain data on county-level socioeconomic characteristics. We fit a segmented regression model to evaluate changes in reports before and after the SAHO, March 20, 2020. We evaluated potential disparities by child age, case and allegation severity, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Of 374 885 hotline calls, 276 878 (73.9%) were made before the SAHO and 98 007 (26.1%) after it. Although an immediate decrease in reports of child maltreatment occurred on the day of the SAHO, the rates of reporting within socioeconomic groups started increasing thereafter. While we found no significant change in the overall rate of change in hotline calls after versus before the SAHO (0.23; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.58), stratified analyses indicate that the rates at which reporting increased varied by education level, health insurance coverage, median annual household income, and unemployment. Conclusions: Evaluating these trends is important for policy makers and practitioners to understand how policies enforced during the pandemic influence child maltreatment reporting and how these policies may affect reporting differently across socioeconomic groups.
Exploring the Use of the Therapist’s Self in Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alva Meera H. , Antony Sherin P. , Kataria Kanak 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This systematic qualitative review explored how psychotherapists use their self in therapy within the psychotherapy literature. It sought to examine the key documented ways through which the therapist’s self is intentionally used in therapy and the process of using the therapist’s self. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, ProQuest, APA PsycArticles, and APA PsycINFO were searched. The review question “How do therapists use their self in therapy?” guided the search using derivative keywords. Of the 149 screened articles, 20 underwent full-text review, and only four studies met inclusion criteria. Findings: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were from the West. Therapeutic self-disclosure (TSD) emerged as the primary way through which therapists used their self in therapy—notably, the only way documented in the studies reviewed. Studies discussed the nature, rationale, influencing factors, and effectiveness of TSD. This article elaborates upon the themes from the reviewed studies. It critically examines existing literature, lists avenues for future research, and discusses implications for psychotherapy practice. Conclusions: The review underscores a significant gap in empirical qualitative research regarding therapists’ use of their self beyond TSD in therapy. There is an urgent need for further exploration in this domain.
Evaluation des Troubles Cognitifs Chez des Patients Tunisiens Atteints de Trouble Bipolaire en Rémission : Étude Cas-Témoins: Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Tunisian Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Remission: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Charfi Nada , Bouaziz Amal , Omri Sana , Gassara Imen , Feki Rim , Smaoui Najeh , Zouari Lobna , Maâlej Mohamed , Ben Thabet Jihène , Maâlej Bouali Manel 
Published: May 2024

Abrégé Objectifs Nos objectifs étaient d’évaluer les troubles cognitifs chez des patients bipolaires en rémission comparativement à des témoins sains et d’étudier leur rapport avec les facteurs cliniques et thérapeutiques. Méthodes Il s’agissait d’une étude cas-témoins, menée auprès de patients atteints de trouble bipolaire (TBP) en rémission et de témoins sains appariés. Elle a été réalisée au centre hospitalo-universitaire (CHU) Hédi Chaker de Sfax (Tunisie). L’échelle the Screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP) a été utilisée pour l’évaluation des fonctions cognitives chez les patients et les témoins. Cette échelle se compose des sous-échelles d’apprentissage verbal avec rappel immédiat (VLT-I) et différé (VLT-D), de la mémoire de travail (WMT), de la fluence verbale (VFT) et de la vitesse de traitement de l’information (PST). Résultats Nous avons recruté 61 patients et 40 témoins. Comparés aux témoins, les cas avaient des scores totaux du SCIP et de toutes les sous-échelles du SCIP significativement plus bas (p < 0,001 partout) avec des tailles d’effet modérées à élevées. Dans l’analyse multivariée, la présence de caractéristiques psychotiques était corrélée à l’abaissement des scores du SCIP total (p = 0,001), du VLT-I (p = 0,001) et VLT-D (p = 0,007), du WMT (p = 0,002), et du PST (p = 0,008). Le TBP de type 2 était corrélé à l’abaissement du score de VLT-I (p = 0,023). L’âge de début et la durée d’évolution du trouble étaient corrélés négativement au score PST (p < 10−3 et p = 0,007 respectivement). La polarité maniaque prédominante était corrélée à l’abaissement du score VFT (p = 0,007). Conclusions Notre étude a montré que les patients bipolaires en rémission présentaient des troubles cognitifs touchant différents domaines cognitifs, significativement plus marqués que chez les témoins. Ces troubles cognitifs semblent être liés à des facteurs cliniques et thérapeutiques considérés eux-mêmes comme des facteurs de mauvais pronostic de la maladie bipolaire.
Contributions of CSF interleukin-6 elevation to the pathogenesis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease
Authors: Uzawa Akiyuki , Mori Masahiro , Masuda Hiroki , Muto Mayumi , Ohtani Ryohei , Aoyama Shinji , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: May 2024

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by acute episodes of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Previous studies have reported elevated interleukin (IL)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MOGAD patients. Objective: We examined if CSF IL-6 level increase is associated with clinical parameters in MOGAD. Methods: IL-6 levels were measured using 44 CSF samples during the acute phase and 6 samples during recovery from 34 MOGAD patients, as well as 65 CSF samples from 45 aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4Ab + NMOSD), 107 samples from 76 multiple sclerosis patients, and 45 samples from neurodegenerative disease patients. Associations between IL-6 levels and clinical parameters in MOGAD were also evaluated. Results: CSF IL-6 levels were significantly comparably elevated during acute-phase in MOGAD and AQP4Ab + NMOSD, but declined following the acute phase. Among MOGAD patients, CSF IL-6 level was significantly correlated with CSF cell count, greater in patients with brain lesions than spinal cord lesions, and higher in CSF than serum, suggesting that excessive IL-6 is produced predominantly in CNS. Neurological recovery was tended to be poorer in MOGAD patients with higher CSF IL-6 level. Conclusion: CSF IL-6 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of MOGAD, especially in CNS inflammation.
Regional, state, and immigrants’ heritage languages in high school: The effect of geographic origin and linguistic acculturation profiles on language attitudes
Authors: Sáenz-Hernández Isabel , Janés Judit , Ubalde Josep , Lapresta-Rey Cecilio 
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study explores the language attitudes that high-school students of immigrant origin hold toward Catalan, Spanish, and the heritage languages of immigrant communities, focusing on linguistic acculturation profiles at school and geographic origin of these students. It takes place in Catalonia (Spain), a multilingual setting where Spanish and Catalan have official status. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a 5-point Likert-type scale, 198 students of immigrant background were asked about their attitudes regarding these three languages, as well as questions regarding their linguistic acculturation profiles at school. Data and Analysis: A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to create identity groups based on linguistic acculturation profiles at school. Then, a series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were run: first to analyze the relationship between linguistic acculturation profiles and attitudes toward heritage languages, such as Catalan and Spanish, and second between linguistic acculturation profiles and continent of origin. A two-factor ANOVA was conducted to test the interaction effects between linguistic acculturation and geographic origin regarding language attitudes. Findings/Conclusions: Those in the acculturation profile that incorporates all three languages at school have significantly lower attitudes toward Catalan, suggesting that heritage language maintenance is perceived as incompatible with Catalan at school. As for geographic origin, the European origin group is more commonly placed in the Catalan assimilation acculturation profile than the African and Latin American groups. There is also a significant interaction effect between origin and the acculturation profile, with the European multilingual group showing significantly less positive attitudes toward Catalan. Originality: While other studies have explored immigrant attitudes toward Catalan and Spanish, very few have incorporated the wide range of unofficial languages present in the territory, like Arabic, Amazigh, or Romanian. Significance/Implications: These results complement previous general acculturation research showing that, for linguistic acculturation as well, racialized ethnic hierarchies affect the acculturation options available to different linguistic groups.
Rates of Acute Brain Injury Among Severely Hypertensive Patients Seen in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ishak Amgad , Kamel Hooman , Kaiser Jed H. , Liao Vanessa , Rotblat Jenny , Pawar Anokhi , Lappin Richard , Razzak Junaid , White Halina , Ng Catherine , Liberman Ava L. 
Published: May 2024

Background Identifying patients with acute brain injury among patients who present to the Emergency Department (ED) with severe hypertension can be challenging. We explored rates of brain injury in a cohort of ED patients with severe hypertension in whom acute target-organ damage was or was not initially suspected. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart-review study at two different hospitals within the same urban health system. Consecutive adult patients seen from 10/1/2020 to 5/1/2022 with a systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg were included. Results A total of 972 patients met our eligibility criteria. The average age was 59 years (SD: 16.5), 454 (46.7%) were women, and 582 (59.9%) were non-White. A total of 186/972 (19.1%) patients were initially thought to have acute target-organ damage in the ED with 97/186 (52.2%) diagnosed with stroke or TIA. The remaining 786/972 (80.9%) patients were not initially diagnosed with target-organ damage (hypertensive urgency [HU]). Of the 786 patients with HU, a head CT was obtained in 216/786 (27.7%) and brain MRI in 74/786 (9.4%). Of the HU patients with a brain MRI, 23/74 (31.1%) had acute abnormalities; most abnormalities on brain MRI (17/23 [73.9%]) were not seen on preceding head CT. Conclusions In a multicenter study of ED patients, nearly 1 in 5 patients though to have HU who eventually underwent brain MRI had unexpected acute neurological findings, though brain MR was obtained in only 9%.