bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of HER‐2/neu receptor positivity and immunophenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ with early invasive disease
Authors: Harada Shuko , Mick Rosemarie , Roses Robert E. , Graves Holly , Niu Huilin , Sharma Anupama , Schueller Jeanne E. , Nisenbaum Harvey , Czerniecki Brian J. , Zhang Paul J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroductionBiologic markers that predict development of invasive breast cancer (IBC) in patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are needed to improve personalized therapy. In this study, we examined the incidence of early IBC in DCIS subgroups defined by immunophenotype.MethodsClinical and histologic materials of 143 patients with radiographically suggesting DCIS without obvious evidence of IBC were reviewed. All patients underwent initial biopsy followed by short‐term subsequent resection. The presence of IBC, histopathologic features of DCIS and IBC, when present, and their estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 phenotypes were evaluated.ResultsEarly IBC was identified on initial biopsy in 6 (4%) and subsequent resection in 24 (17%) patients. HER2 positivity in DCIS was the dominant factor associated with IBC. There was also a significant association between ER/PR/HER2+ DCIS and the presence of IBC. The ER/PR/HER2+ DCIS appeared to be the most unstable precursor, because of the highest invasion rate and frequent association with a discordant phenotype.ConclusionsHER2 positivity and ER/PR/HER2 phenotype may be used to identify DCIS patients at higher risk of harboring or potentially developing IBC. Strategies targeting HER2 in DCIS may be of potential benefit in preventing IBC in patients with DCIS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:458–465. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of closantel and rafoxanide in animal tissues by online anionic mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction followed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lai Shirley Sau Ling , Yeung Hoi Sze , Lee Wai On , Ho Clare , Wong Yiu Tung 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA rapid and high‐throughput isotope dilution LC‐MS/MS method with online sample pre‐concentration and clean‐up using anionic mixed‐mode SPE was described for the determination of closantel and rafoxanide in edible bovine and ovine tissues. Tissue samples were extracted with acetonitrile and acetone mixture (60:40, v/v). Sample pre‐concentration, clean‐up and analysis were completed simultaneously with the online MAX SPE LC‐MS/MS system. Closantel‐13C6 and rafoxanide‐13C6 were used as the internal standards to improve the precision of the method. The method was validated with edible ovine and bovine tissues (muscle, kidney and liver) fortified at three different levels. The accuracy and RSD were 86–106% and ≤14%, respectively. This high‐throughput method was suitable for routine quantitative analysis of closantel and rafoxanide in food safety surveillance samples.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric method for metabolic profiling of tobacco leaves
Authors: Li Yong , Pang Tao , Li Yanli , Wang Xiaolin , Li Qinghua , Lu Xin , Xu Guowang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric method was developed for profiling of tobacco leaves. The differentiation among tobacco leaves planted in two different regions was investigated. Prior to analysis, the extraction solvent formulation was optimized and a combination of water, methanol and acetonitrile with a volume ratio of 3:1:1 was found to be optimal. The reproducibility of the method was satisfactory. Kendall tau‐b rank correlation coefficients were equal to 1 (p<0.05) for 82% of the resolved peaks (up to 95% of the overall peak areas), indicating the good response correlation. Forty‐four compounds including 9 saccharides, 9 alcohols, 9 amino acids, 16 organic acids and phosphoric acid were identified based on standard compounds. The method was successfully applied for profiling of tobacco leaves from Zimbabwe and Yunnan of China. Our result revealed that levels of saccharides and their derivatives including xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, turanose, xylitol and glyceric acid were more abundant while sucrose, glucitol and D‐gluconic acid were less abundant in tobacco leaves from Yunnan as compared to those from Zimbabwe. Amino acids such as L‐alanine, L‐tyrosine and L‐threonine were found to be richer in Zimbabwe tobacco than in Yunnan tobacco.
Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with derivatization: General principles and applications
Authors: Xu Fengguo , Zou Li , Liu Ying , Zhang Zunjian , Ong Choon Nam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe integration of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC–MS‐based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization‐based LC–MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food‐safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are summarized and highlighted to guide future studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:1143–1172, 2011
Advances in mass spectrometry for the identification of pathogens
Authors: Ho Yen‐Peng , Reddy P. Muralidhar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has become an important technique to identify microbial biomarkers. The rapid and accurate MS identification of microorganisms without any extensive pretreatment of samples is now possible. This review summarizes MS methods that are currently utilized in microbial analyses. Affinity methods are effective to clean, enrich, and investigate microorganisms from complex matrices. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles might concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions. Therefore, nanoparticle‐based techniques have a favorable detection limit. MS coupled with various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, reduces the complexity of microbial biomarkers and yields reliable results. The direct analysis of whole pathogenic microbial cells with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization MS without sample separation reveals specific biomarkers for taxonomy, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high‐throughput measurements. The MS detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified microbial nucleic acids provides an alternative to biomarker analysis. This review will conclude with some current applications of MS in the identification of pathogens. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:1203–1224, 2011
Egg jelly proteins stimulate directed motility in Xenopus laevis sperm
Authors: Burnett Lindsey A. , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Bieber Allan L. , Chandler Douglas E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPreviously we have shown that extracts from Xenopus egg jelly (egg water) increase the passage of sperm through a porous membrane in a dose‐dependent manner. Although this assay has shown that sperm accumulation occurs only in the presence of an egg water gradient, it has not revealed the dynamic features of how Xenopus sperm swim in such gradients. Here, we use video microscopic observations to trace sperm trajectories in a Zigmond chamber. Our results show that Xenopus sperm swim in linear and gently curving paths and only infrequently perform turns. In the presence of an egg water gradient, however, the percent of sperm swimming up the gradient axis and the net distance traveled by each sperm along this axis was increased significantly. There was no change in curvilinear velocity. Rather, the orientation of sperm travel was shifted to more closely match that of the gradient axis. In addition, using a porous filter assay, we demonstrate that the egg water protein allurin, in both purified and recombinant forms, stimulates directed motility of sperm. Finally, we use Oregon Green 488‐conjugated allurin to show that this protein binds primarily to the sperm midpiece; binding of allurin to the entire head was observed in a minor subpopulation of sperm. Dose dependence of allurin binding occurred over the 0–1 µg/ml range and correlated well with previously published dose‐dependent sperm attraction data. Binding was rapid with a half‐time of about 10 sec. These data suggest that egg water proteins bind to sperm and modify sperm‐orienting behavior. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:450–462, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between urinary incontinence in elderly patients and caregiver burden in the city of Sao Paulo/Brazil: Health, Wellbeing, and Ageing Study
Authors: Tamanini José Tadeu Nunes , Santos Jair L.F. , Lebrão Maria Lúcia , Duarte Yeda A.O. , Laurenti Ruy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimSome elderly patients with incontinence require the care of third parties, known as caregivers. Such care can occur on a daily basis leaving little opportunity for the caregiver to take care of himself/herself. The aims are to assess the association between urinary incontinence in elderly patients and caregiver burden and identify independent factors for caregiver's burden in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.MethodsThe Pan‐American Health Organization and World Health Organization coordinated a multicenter study named Health, Wellbeing and Aging (SABE Study) in elderly people living in seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. In Brazil, the study population carried out in São Paulo in the year 2000 and reassessed in 2006 (COHORT A). Urinary incontinence was assessed by ICIQ‐SF and caregiver burden by means of Zarit Burden Scale.ResultsA total of 327 patients with caregivers were included in the study. The general prevalence of urinary incontinence was 25.8%, higher among the women. There was a significant positive association between caregiver burden and incontinent patients, demonstrating that urinary incontinence in elderly patients produced greater caregiver burden. In the present study, the variables with significant correlations were assessed using the multivariate logistic regression model. Category 2 of the ICIQ‐SF (incontinent patients) increased the chances of caregiver burden 1.96‐fold in comparison to Category 1 (continent patients). Likewise, the category of impaired cognition increased the chances of caregiver burden 2.34‐fold.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence and cognitive impairment in elderly patients were associated to an increase in caregiver burden. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1281–1285, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urgency severity scale could predict urodynamic detrusor overactivity in patients with overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Liao Chun‐Hou , Chen Yi‐Chou , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the correlation between an urgency severity scale (USS) based on a voiding diary with detrusor overactivity (DO) in a videourodynamic study in patients with an overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 190 consecutive patients with OAB. All patients were assessed using a USS and completed a 3‐day voiding diary that recorded urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes and the degree of urgency severity. The highest recorded USS score in the voiding diary was considered as the USS score. A videourodynamic study was performed, and the presence of increased bladder sensation (IBS) or DO was recorded. These clinical findings and videourodynamic data were analyzed.ResultsThis study enrolled 65 men and 125 women. The mean patient age was 66.4 years (21–88). Among them, 82.6% had urodynamic DO, 7.9% had IBS, and 9.5% had normal urodynamic findings. The prevalence of DO was 50%, 76%, and 94% in patients with a USS = 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that OAB wet, high USS and UUI were significantly associated with the presence of DO. Urodynamic DO was present in most patients with OAB wet (94.1%) or USS = 4 (95.5%); however, only 63.9% of OAB dry patients had DO. In the OAB dry patients, 11/25 (44%) with USS = 2, 30/42 (71%) with USS = 3, and 5/5 (100%) with USS = 4 had DO.ConclusionsA high USS recorded in conjunction with a voiding diary and OAB wet were strongly associated with urodynamic DO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1300–1304, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between improvements in overactive bladder symptom score and health‐related quality of life questionnaires in overactive bladder patients treated with an antimuscarinic drug
Authors: Kubota Yasue , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Shibata Yasuhiro , Imura Makoto , Kohri Kenjiro , Sasaki Shoichi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the relationship between treatment‐related changes in Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires.MethodsNinety‐five patients with OAB symptoms were enrolled. All patients completed the OABSS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)‐Quality Of Life (QOL) index and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) at enrolment and then again 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment with propiverine hydrochloride 10 mg twice daily. We evaluated the relationship between treatment‐related changes in the OABSS, IPSS‐QOL, and KHQ.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were observed in all 4 OABSS subscales and total OABSS from baseline to 4 weeks with further improvements occurring at 12 weeks (all P < 0.01). The OABSS after antimuscarinic treatment correlated positively with both the IPSS‐QOL index and KHQ domain scores. There was a moderate but statistically significant correlation between the change in total OABSS and 2 OABSS subscales (urinary urgency and urge incontinence) and improvement in the IPSS‐QOL index (P < 0.01). Treatment‐related changes in total OABSS were significantly correlated with changes in six KHQ domains. Moderate but statistically significant correlations were observed between the change in total OABSS and impact on life, physical limitations, emotions, and severity measures (r > 0.30, P < 0.05). Small but statistically significant correlations were observed between the change in total OABSS and role limitations or social limitations (P < 0.05).ConclusionsImprovement in the OABSS correlated with improvements in HRQOL after treatment. The OABSS is a useful tool to evaluate OAB symptom severity after medical treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1309–1314, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error bounds on block Gauss–Seidel solutions of coupled multiphysics problems
Authors: Whiteley J. P. , Gillow K. , Tavener S. J. , Walter A. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMathematical models in many fields often consist of coupled sub‐models, each of which describes a different physical process. For many applications, the quantity of interest from these models may be written as a linear functional of the solution to the governing equations. Mature numerical solution techniques for the individual sub‐models often exist. Rather than derive a numerical solution technique for the full coupled model, it is therefore natural to investigate whether these techniques may be used by coupling in a block Gauss–Seidel fashion. In this study, we derive two a posteriori bounds for such linear functionals. These bounds may be used on each Gauss–Seidel iteration to estimate the error in the linear functional computed using the single physics solvers, without actually solving the full, coupled problem. We demonstrate the use of the bound first by using a model problem from linear algebra, and then a linear ordinary differential equation example. We then investigate the effectiveness of the bound using a non‐linear coupled fluid‐temperature problem. One of the bounds derived is very sharp for most linear functionals considered, allowing us to predict very accurately when to terminate our block Gauss–Seidel iteration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The molecular pathogenesis of STAT3‐driven gastric tumourigenesis in mice is independent of IL‐17
Authors: Kennedy Catherine L , Najdovska Meri , Jones Gareth W , McLeod Louise , Hughes Norman R , Allison Cody , Huey Ooi Chia , Tan Patrick , Ferrero Richard L , Jones Simon A , Dev Anouk , Sievert William , Bhathal Prithi S , Jenkins Brendan J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractChronic activation of the gastric mucosal adaptive immune response is a characteristic trait of gastric cancer. It has recently emerged that a new class of T helper (Th) cells, defined by their ability to produce interleukin (IL)‐17A (Th17), is associated with a host of inflammatory responses, including gastritis. However, the role of these Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is less clear. To formally address this, we employed gp130F/F mice, which spontaneously develop gastric inflammation‐associated tumours akin to human intestinal‐type gastric cancer. At the molecular level, these tumours demonstrate hyper‐activation of the latent transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 via the IL‐6 cytokine family member, IL‐11. In gp130F/F mice, the generation of Th17 cells, as well as the gastric expression of IL‐17a and other Th17‐related factors (Rorγt, IL‐23), were augmented compared to wild‐type gp130+/+ mice. Consistent with a role for IL‐6 and STAT3 in regulating IL‐17A, increased Th17 generation and gastric expression of Th17‐related factors in gp130F/F mice were reduced to wild‐type levels in gp130F/F:Stat3−/+ mice displaying normalized STAT3 activity, and also in gp130F/F:IL‐6−/− mice. Importantly, genetic ablation of IL‐17A in gp130F/F:IL‐17a−/− mice did not suppress the initiation and growth of gastric tumours. Furthermore, IL‐17A and RORC gene expression was strongly increased in human gastric biopsies from patients with gastritis, but not gastric cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that increased expression of Th17‐related factors does not correlate with the molecular pathogenesis of gastric tumourigenesis.# Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐6 signalling regulates vascular endothelial growth factor‐C synthesis and lymphangiogenesis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shinriki Satoru , Jono Hirofumi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Ota Kazutoshi , Ota Tomoko , Sueyoshi Takanao , Oike Yuichi , Ibusuki Mutsuko , Hiraki Akimitsu , Nakayama Hideki , Shinohara Masanori , Ando Yukio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLymph node metastasis is associated with resistance to conventional therapy and poor survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although lymphangiogenesis is well known to be associated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in various cancers, the precise mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in OSCC are largely unknown. IL‐6, a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play active roles in various cancers, including OSCC. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of IL‐6 signalling in lymphatic metastasis and to evaluate the efficacy of tocilizumab, a humanized anti‐human IL‐6 receptor antibody, as an anti‐lymphangiogenic agent for OSCC. This investigation confirmed that levels of expression of IL‐6 protein and VEGF‐C mRNA in OSCC tissues were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC, as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis and real‐time quantitative RT–PCR. In vitro studies showed that IL‐6 regulated VEGF‐C mRNA expression in a human OSCC cell line, SAS cells, through the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐Akt pathway. In addition, treatment with tocilizumab led to markedly reduced VEGF‐C mRNA expression and OSCC‐related lymphangiogenesis in SAS xenografts. Together, these data suggest that tocilizumab acted as expected: it inhibited lymph node metastasis in OSCC by reducing tumour lymphangiogenesis. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐low concentration Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solution for texturization of crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Montesdeoca‐Santana Amada , Jiménez‐Rodríguez Etaín , González‐Díaz Benjamín , Borchert Dietmar , Guerrero‐Lemus Ricardo 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel diluted carbonate/bicarbonate solution was applied for texturization of monocrystalline silicon for solar cells. The content of reactants in the solution was decreased 20 times with respect to the previously optimum found by our group and 12 times with respect to the lowest values reported in the literature as optimum. The use of this low‐cost and nonhazardous solution, free of additives as isopropyl alcohol, can reduce costs in solar cell processing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable thermo‐ and pH‐responsive hydrogels for oral drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chen Li , Deng Mingxiao , Bai Yunyan , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this article, novel smart hydrogels based on biodegradable pH sensitive poly(L‐glutamic acid‐g‐2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (PGH) chains and temperature‐sensitive hydroxypropylcellulose‐g‐acrylic acid (HPC‐g‐AA) segments were designed and synthesized. The influence of pH and temperature on the equilibrium swelling ratios of the hydrogels was discussed. The optical transmittance of the hydrogels was also changed as a function of temperature, which reflecting that the HPC‐g‐AA part of the hydrogels became hydrophobic at the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). At the same time, the LCST of the hydrogels had a visible pH‐dependent behavior. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the morphology of the hydrogels before and after enzymatic degradation. The biodegradation rate of the hydrogels was directly related to the PGH content and the pH value. The in vitro release of bovine serum albumin from the hydrogels were investigated. The release profiles indicated that both the HPC‐g‐AA and PGH contents played important roles in the drug release behaviors. These results show that the smart hydrogels seem to be of great promise in pH–temperature oral drug delivery systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011