bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutral to slightly undercorrected mechanical leg alignment provides superior long‐term results in patients undergoing matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte implantation
Authors: Weishorn Johannes , Koch Kevin‐Arno , Zietzschmann Severin , Trefzer Raphael , Walker Tilman , Renkawitz Tobias , Bangert Yannic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of leg alignment on long‐term clinical outcome after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (M‐ACI) and to define an individualized target range to optimize clinical outcome.MethodsThe present study examined patients who underwent M‐ACI of the femoral condyle. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) were used to assess the results. Clinical outcomes were related to Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS). For intra‐ and interobserver reliability of mechanical tibiofemoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients using a two‐way mixed model with absolute agreement. A regression model and receiver‐operating characteristics curve were used to identify an individual range of alignment where a favourable clinical outcome could be expected in the long term.ResultsAdditional osteotomy was performed in 50% of patients with similar clinical outcomes as physiologically aligned patients (p > 0.05). The curve‐fitting regression model identified a target range of −2.5° valgus to 4.5° varus for ideal postoperative alignment (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.01). Patients within this range were more likely to achieve PASS (70% vs. 27%, p = 0.001). In medially treated defects, a refined range of −2.5° valgus to 4° varus alignment was found (R2 = 0.15, p = 0.01). These patients were more likely to achieve PASS (67% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) and showed favourable postoperative KOOS and MOCART scores (p = 0.02). Patients with lateral defects were more likely to achieve PASS within a range of −2° valgus and 0.5° varus (90% vs. 45%, p = 0.03) and showed favourable postoperative KOOS and MOCART scores (p = not significant).ConclusionsAn individual range of leg alignment—whether achieved by osteotomy or physiologic alignment—should be respected in M‐ACI treatment. A neutral to slightly undercorrected alignment favours the postoperative outcome after M‐ACI. When planning surgery for patients with focal cartilage defects of the femoral condyle, these ranges should be recognized as critical factors.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
The effects of common ownership on price and quality decisions in competing supply chains
Authors: Li Chaofan , Chen Xiaofang , Xia Wenlei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the implications of common ownership on pricing and quality decisions in supply chains. Our results indicate that the presence of common ownership enhances the quality investment but increases the wholesale price. However, the presence of common ownership induces the retailers to charge lower sales price. Because of higher wholesale price and lower sales price, the manufacturer always benefits from the common ownership but the common ownership always hurts the retailers. The presence of common ownership always benefits consumer surplus and social welfare. The benefits of common ownership are more significant as the common ownership level becomes strong.
Real‐time topology optimization via learnable mappings
Authors: Garayalde Gabriel , Torzoni Matteo , Bruggi Matteo , Corigliano Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn traditional topology optimization, the computing time required to iteratively update the material distribution within a design domain strongly depends on the complexity or size of the problem, limiting its application in real engineering contexts. This work proposes a multi‐stage machine learning strategy that aims to predict an optimal topology and the related stress fields of interest, either in 2D or 3D, without resorting to any iterative analysis and design process. The overall topology optimization is treated as regression task in a low‐dimensional latent space, that encodes the variability of the target designs. First, a fully‐connected model is employed to surrogate the functional link between the parametric input space characterizing the design problem and the latent space representation of the corresponding optimal topology. The decoder branch of an autoencoder is then exploited to reconstruct the desired optimal topology from its latent representation. The deep learning models are trained on a dataset generated through a standard method of topology optimization implementing the solid isotropic material with penalization, for varying boundary and loading conditions. The underlying hypothesis behind the proposed strategy is that optimal topologies share enough common patterns to be compressed into small latent space representations without significant information loss. Results relevant to a 2D Messerschmitt‐Bölkow‐Blohm beam and a 3D bridge case demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed framework to provide accurate optimal topology predictions in a fraction of a second.
Clinical Portrait of Cochlear Implantation in Patients With CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Song Bokhyun , Hwang Kyuhyeon , Koh Sung Min , Moon Il Joon , Cho Young Sang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical characteristics and auditory performance of patients with CHARGE syndrome following cochlear implantation (CI), as well as the prognostic factors affecting auditory outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed in patients with CHARGE syndrome who underwent CI from 2007 to 2022. The category of auditory performance (CAP) score was used to assess the CI outcomes, and factors that may affect the speech outcomes were also evaluated.ResultsIn 14 children with CHARGE syndrome, 22 CIs were performed, 6 unilaterally and 8 bilaterally. The mean age at CI was 25.9 months (range: 10‐62). All patients had ear abnormalities and developmental delays, and cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) was present in all ears. At the last follow‐up (mean: 49.6 months), the mean CAP score improved significantly compared to the preoperative measure (from 0.36 ± 0.81 to 3.21 ± 1.70, P = .001), with 6 patients (42.9%) achieving a CAP score of 4 points or higher. However, between the unilateral and bilateral CI groups, the final CAP score or change in CAP score was similar. Factors including age, coloboma, and CND did not significantly affect speech outcomes (all P > .05).ConclusionEven though CHARGE syndrome features challenging anomalies, CI can be conducted safely and can offer effective contribution to significant speech improvement. Patients with CHARGE syndrome should be given the opportunity to undergo CI to maximize their audiological progress.
How Variable are Patient Comorbidity Profiles Among Practicing Otolaryngologists?
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Hong Ellen M. , Patel Rahul A. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Huck Nolan A. , Khosravi Pooya , Peter Manes R. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether certain groups of otolaryngologists (ORLs) are treating cohorts of patients with more comorbidities.Study DesignCross‐sectional population‐based analysis.Setting2019 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Dataset.MethodsEach ORL's average Medicare hierarchical condition category (HCC) risk score, a comorbidity index calculated from a patient's comorbidities, was collected. These were stratified and compared by various physician characteristics, including practice region and rurality, years in practice, gender, subspecialty, and setting (academic vs community).ResultsAmong 8959 ORLs, the mean HCC risk score for Medicare patients was 1.35 ± 0.35. On univariate analysis, ORLs practicing in urban (compared to rural), ORLs in academic settings (compared to community), and early career ORLs all had a patient population with a higher HCC risk score (P < .001 for all). On multivariate analysis controlling for gender, rurality, graduation year, and region, rural setting was associated with decreased odds of having a high‐risk patient population (odds ratio: 0.58 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.48‐0.71]; P < .001), while those more recently graduated has an increased risk (2000‐2009: 1.41 [1.01‐1.96], P = .046; 2010‐2015: 2.30 [1.63‐3.25], P < .001). In a separate subgroup analysis, subspecialty differences were seen and community setting was associated with decreased odds of having a high‐risk patient population (0.36 [0.23‐0.55]; P < .001).ConclusionThere is variability in patient comorbidity profiles among ORLs, with those in urban settings, those more recently graduated, and those in academic settings treating a group with more comorbidities. As the comorbidity burden may increase the cost of practice and complications, these findings may have important implications for health inequity.
Preclinical side effect prediction through pathway engineering of protein interaction network models
Authors: Alidoost Mohammadali , Wilson Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModeling tools aim to predict potential drug side effects, although they suffer from imperfect performance. Specifically, protein–protein interaction models predict drug effects from proteins surrounding drug targets, but they tend to overpredict drug phenotypes and require well‐defined pathway phenotypes. In this study, we used PathFX, a protein–protein interaction tool, to predict side effects for active ingredient‐side effect pairs extracted from drug labels. We observed limited performance and defined new pathway phenotypes using pathway engineering strategies. We defined new pathway phenotypes using a network‐based and gene expression‐based approach. Overall, we discovered a trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity values and demonstrated a way to limit overprediction for side effects with sufficient true positive examples. We compared our predictions to animal models and demonstrated similar performance metrics, suggesting that protein–protein interaction models do not need perfect evaluation metrics to be useful. Pathway engineering, through the inclusion of true positive examples and omics measurements, emerges as a promising approach to enhance the utility of protein interaction network models for drug effect prediction.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nasal glucagon in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes
Authors: James Douglas E. , Shen Tong , Geiser Jeanne S. , Garhyan Parag , Chigutsa Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of glucagon after injectable or nasal administration and confirm the appropriate therapeutic dose of nasal glucagon (NG) for adult patients. Six clinical studies with PK and five clinical studies with PD (glucose) data were included in the analysis. Doses ranging from 0.5 to 6 mg NG, and 0.5 to 1 mg injectable glucagon were studied. A total of 6284 glucagon and 7130 glucose concentrations from 265 individuals (patients and healthy participants) were available. Population PK/PD modeling was performed using NONMEM. Glucagon exposure and glucose response were simulated for patients administered various doses of NG to confirm the optimal dose. Glucagon PK was well‐described with a single compartment disposition with first‐order absorption and elimination processes. Bioavailability of NG relative to injectable glucagon was 16%. Exposure–response modeling revealed that lower baseline glucose was associated with higher maximum drug effect. The carry‐over effect from prior insulin administration was incorporated into the model through a time‐dependent increase in elimination rate of glucose. Simulations showed that more than 99% of hypoglycemic adult patients would experience treatment success, defined as an increase in blood glucose to ≥70 mg/dL or an increase of ≥20 mg/dL from nadir within 30 min after administration of NG 3 mg. The population PK/PD model adequately described the PK and PD profiles of glucagon after nasal administration. Modeling and simulations confirmed that NG 3 mg is the most appropriate dose for rescue treatment during hypoglycemia emergencies.
Diffusion and Translation of the Barnahus Model Through the Lens of Institutional Tensions
Authors: Johansson Susanna , Stefansen Kari , Kaldal Anna , Bakketeig Elisiv 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the Barnahus model was first introduced in Iceland in 1998, it has spread to a number of European countries, both within and beyond the Nordic region. This introductory chapter has two main objectives: The first is to describe the further diffusion of the Barnahus model throughout Europe and to exemplify various translations at local levels; the second is to set the framework for the book by introducing the concepts of institutional tensions and logics. We introduce the concepts involved in understanding the Barnahus model in the light of its ongoing implementation within different institutional contexts and related to this book’s four main themes: (1) legal tensions, (2) organisational tensions, (3) professional-ethical tensions, and (4) balancing institutional tensions.
Rock Art Research and Knowledge-Production in the Context of Globalizations. A Comparative Approach to the Cases of Patagonia-Argentina and Eastern Canada
Authors: Fiore Danae , Tapper Bryn , Zawadzka Dagmara , Acevedo Agustín 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss the impacts different globalizations (in plural) have had on the development of rock art research in Argentina and Canada over time. In particular, we focus on: (1) the initial or pioneer views on deep-time rock art in Eastern Canada and Patagonia (those of voyagers, explorers, militaries, and missionaries); (2) the development of archaeologies of art in the strict academic sense of the term (e.g. culture-history and stylistic approaches as well as processual approaches, following and creatively adapting international academic trends); and (3) a number of new theoretical approaches associated with post-processualism, including landscape archaeology, ecological approaches, materiality, and, more recently, the ‘ontological turn’. These three periods in the history of Western thought on deep-time rock art emerged in different contexts and under specific historical conditions, yet are characterised by the globalization of theoretical concepts from central areas of traditional academic theoretical production (i.e. Europe and USA), towards South America and Canada. In sum, we show how interpretations of deep-time Indigenous rock art in Eastern Canada and in Argentinean Patagonia were conceived under different conceptual frameworks according to different contexts of globalizations over time.
Exploring Transformation in and Across Clusters of Excellence
Authors: Collienne Nina , Padberg Melanie , Lehrheuer Bastian , Dreßen Jule , Borowski Esther , Isenhardt Ingrid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt the RWTH Aachen University, there are two Clusters of Excellence: The Fuel Science Centre (FSC) and the Internet of Production (IoP). Due to their complex structures, long-term funding, broad variety of disciplines involved and other exclusive characteristics, they provide high chances of change and might, thus, be seen as levers for transformation. In this article, the focus is put on the potential transformation on the content-level and the structures as well as the implications of transformation on the team and work processes are described since the Clusters of Excellence do not only underlie external influences fostering transformation (e.g. political decisions or environmental conditions) but also internal ones due to, for instance, staff turnover or new research findings influencing the future visions and operating of the clusters.
Quantification of Bottom Trawl Damage to Ancient Shipwrecks: A Case Study from the Coastal Waters of Turkey
Authors: Brennan Michael L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAncient shipwrecks in the Mediterranean region are particularly susceptible to damage by bottom trawl fishing activities because of their low relief on the seabed. Shipwrecks from the Greek and Roman periods typically consist of mounds of amphora cargoes, which slump onto the seabed in the shape of the vessel outline once the wooden hulls deteriorate following consumption by wood boring organisms. These low relief mounds do not snag trawl nets the way steel-hulled shipwrecks do in which fishers lose gear and could avoid those locations later. Instead, the fragile ceramic artefacts that comprise ancient wrecks are exposed to repeated strikes by trawls until they are broken and scattered across the seabed, potentially to the extent that they can no longer be found. Expeditions from 2008 through 2013 by Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) and the Exploration Vessel Nautilus documented numerous ancient shipwrecks in the Black and Aegean Sea coastal waters of Turkey that exhibited a range of damage from trawls, and which allowed for quantification of some of this damage.
Multi-use and Multi-vocal Challenges of Preserving Underwater Cultural Heritage in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
Authors: Mires Calvin , Haskell Benjamin , Meyer-Kaiser Kirstin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cultural identity of Massachusetts is intrinsically linked to the sea. For hundreds of years, ship-borne trade, migration, whaling, and fishing have tied Massachusetts to a world system of maritime commerce and culture and brought the world back to it through the area that is now Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS). Established in 1992, SBNMS is an 842-square mile area in the mouth of Massachusetts Bay, located 25 miles east of Boston, 3 miles southeast of Cape Ann, and 3 miles north of Provincetown, Massachusetts. Named for Lt. Henry S. Stellwagen, a nineteenth-century Navy surveyor, the sanctuary protects a productive and diverse marine ecosystem which has been the subject of centuries of fishing activity. It is also estimated that 200 shipwrecks rest on the seafloor within the sanctuary’s boundaries, representing more than 400 years of maritime history, industry, and culture (Fig. 6.1).
Pre-procedural and intra-procedural computerized tomography: providing a roadmap for successful adrenal venous sampling procedures
Authors: Jonasch Darius , Habibollahi Peiman , Kyle Jones A. , Avritscher Rony , Habra Mouhammed Amir , Perrier Nancy D. , Graham Paul H. , Huang Steven Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is used for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Technical difficulties with right adrenal vein (RAV) catheterization can lead to erroneous results. Our purpose was to delineate the location of the RAV on pre-procedural CT imaging in relation to the location identified during AVS and to report on the impact of successful RAV cannulation with and without the use of intra-procedural CT scanning.

Methods
Retrospective case series including patients who underwent AVS from October 2000 to September 2022. Clinical and laboratory values were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Successful cannulation of the RAV was defined as a selectivity index > 3.

Results
110 patients underwent 124 AVS procedures. Pre-AVS CT imaging was available for 118 AVS procedures. The RAV was identified in 61 (51.7%) CT datasets. Biochemical confirmation of successful RAV cannulation occurred in 98 (79.0%) of 124 AVS procedures. There were 52 (85.2%) procedures in which the RAV was identified on pre-AVS CT and there was biochemical confirmation of successful RAV sampling. Among these 52 procedures, the RAV was localized during AVS at the same anatomic level or within 1 vertebral body level cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT in 98.1% of cases. The rate of successful RAV cannulation was higher in patients who underwent intra-procedural CT (93.8% versus 63.9%), P < 0.01.

Conclusions
Pre-AVS and intra-procedural CT images provide an invaluable roadmap that resulted in a higher rate of accurate identification of the RAV and successful AVS procedures; in particular, search for the RAV orifice during AVS can be limited to 1 vertebral body cranial to the level identified on pre-AVS CT imaging and successful cannulation can be confidently verified with intra-procedural CT.
Temporalis Muscle Changes Following Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Masseter Hypertrophy Patients: A Randomized Triple-Blinded Trial
Authors: de Souza Nobre Bryanne B. , de Oliveira Resende Machado Luciana , Poluha Rodrigo Lorenzi , Câmara-Souza Mariana Barbosa , Carbone Ana Claudia , de Almeida Andre Mariz , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Kumar Abhishek , De la Torre Canales Giancarlo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment for patients diagnosed with masseter hypertrophy on the temporalis muscle, with a particular focus on assessing alterations in muscle thickness, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and the development of muscle pain.

Methods
The present randomized triple-blinded clinical trial enrolled 26 female participants aged between 25 and 50 years complaining about masseter hypertrophy. Participants received 75U of BoNT-A (abobotulinumtoxinA) in both masseter muscles and after three months were randomized to receive a second treatment session of saline solution (S-BoNT-A) or BoNT-A (M-BoNT-A). Longitudinal assessments included temporalis muscle thickness through ultrasound, EMG activity, subjective pain, and masseter prominence severity after one, three, and six months of the first injection session. Muscle thickness, EMG, and subjective pain were analysed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and post hoc Sidak test, and for masseter prominence severity, Friedman and Mann–Whitney tests were used.

Results
Regarding inter-group comparisons, a higher muscle thickness (p < 0.02) and a higher EMG activity (p < 0.01) were found in the M-BoNT-A group at the 6-month follow-up. For subjective pain assessments, inter-group comparisons showed a higher prevalence of painful regions in M-BoNT-A group at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.02). No significant differences were found in masseter prominence severity at the 6 months assessment between groups.

Conclusion
BoNT-A treatment for masseter hypertrophy lead to structural and functional changes in the temporalis muscle, presenting higher changes after multiple injections of this treatment.

Level of Evidence I
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.