bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-194 - Cannabis Use And Non-Clinical Dimensions Of Psychosis In University Students Presenting To Primary Care
Authors: Skinner R. , Conlon L. , Gibbons D. , MacDonald C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between cannabis use and self-report dimensions of psychosis in a population of university students presenting for any reason to primary care.MethodOne thousand and forty-nine students attending the Student Health Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, completed self-report questionnaires on alcohol and substance misuse, non-clinical dimensions of psychosis (Community Assessmemnt of Psychic Experiences), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Association of cannabis use with psychiatric symptoms was explored whilst controlling for confounds.ResultsMore frequent cannabis use was independently associated with greater intensity of positive, negative and depressive psychotic symptoms. The earlier the age of onset of cannabis use, the more positive psychotic symptoms were reported.ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that cannabis use increases the risk of developing psychotic symptoms and that this risk is further increased in those individuals who use cannabis more heavily and commence it at a younger age.
PW01-208 - Some Kind Of Social Conflict At Settlement After Disaster
Authors: Portnova A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveInvestigation of general laws of formation of the social conflict among inhabitants of small settlements owing to extreme situations.MethodsSocial-psychological investigation for revealing interpersonal and intergroup (victims and nonvictims) conflicts among in townsfolk of Sydybyl (Yakutia) and Beslan (North Ossetia) after disaster with death of children.ResultsIt was shown that the basic psychological need of persons who loss their relatives during a disaster is a search of guilty of tragedy. In consequence of this, occurs the stratification of society with apportionment of such groups as “victims” and “guilty”. The “victims” additionally mark out the group of “light victims” and accuse them of insufficient efforts to rescue of children of “victims”. It was suggested that the persistent search of guilty represents a form of psychological defense against the unbearable feeling of their own guilt towards died children. The universal (non-conditioned by ethnic or cultural factors) character of described phenomena was emphasized. It was marked that the social conflict (named by author as indigenous) deteriorates the social and economic consequences of disaster.ConclusionThe indigenous conflict tends to persistence and passes the certain phases, final of which is characterized by a high level of neurotic diseases in the population and migration of an efficient part of the population.
PW01-213 - Evaluation Of Smoking Habits Among Lithuanian Adult Smokers In 2008, According To Gender, Age And Education
Authors: Adomaitienė V. , Dambrauskienė K. , Klumbienė J. , Veryga A. , Jaras A. , Vilkas V. , Taranda V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate smoking habits among Lithuanian adult smokers, according to gender, age and education.MethodsThe study analyses data from the Lithuanian adult population health behavior survey carried out in 2008. The national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering smoking habits, social status. In 2008 daily smokers were 38,8 % of Lithuanian adult men and 14,9 % of women.ResultsDaily smoking was least common in the oldest age group in both sexes. Indirect educational gradient was found among men. Among women, no association was observed between smoking and educational level.ConclusionsAssessment of inequalities in smoking habits helps to identify subgroups of society that should have a priority of tobacco control policies.
PW01-221 - The Relationship Between Personality Traits And Anxiety/Depression Levels In Different Types Of Substance Abuse
Authors: Tatalovic Vorkapic S. , Dadic-Hero E. , Ruzic K. 
Published: June 2010

To analyse the relationship between personality structure and emotional state of dyferent types of drug abusers, the objectives of this study were to examine: the levels of Eysenck's personality dimensions and the levels of anxiety and depression of heroin addicts and recreate drug users; the relationship between personality and emotion variables; and differences between those two groups of subjects concerning their personality traits and emotional state.During their ambulatory admission, 288 (219 males and 69 females) patients were completed Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ R/A) and Beck's Anxiety (BAI) and Depression Inventory (BDI). 191 of them were in the group of heroin addicts and 97 of them in the group of recreate drug users identified by the DSM-IV classification. Their averaged age was 22, ranged from 14 to 44.Significantly higher levels of psychoticism, neuroticism, criminality and addiction, that were determined in the group of heroin addicts, were significantly correlated with the higher levels of anxiety and depression. Higher extraversion and social conformity were determined in the group of recreate drug users who still had dispositions to resist of developing the addiction problem. Finally, even great differences in personality structure were determined between heroin addicts and recreate drug users, and even higher depression was found in the first group, there was no significant difference in the anxiety level between those two groups. The findings implied at the used measurement instruments here as the useful diagnostic tool that could provide with advantageous treatment directions.
PW01-230 - [18F]Fallypride Pet Measurement Of Striatal And Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability In Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Koller G. , La Fougere C. , Rominger A. , Holdtschmidt-Täschner B. , Soyka M. , Cumming P. , Bartenstein P. , Pogarell O. 
Published: June 2010

AimDopaminergic pathways are implicated in motivational aspects of substance use disorders, and might contribute to withdrawal phenomena, as well as an increased long-term risk of relapse. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) revealed reductions in the availability of binding sites for D2/3receptor ligands in striatum of withdrawn abusers of cocaine; corresponding results in alcoholics have been inconsistent so far. In the present study, we used the D2/3ligand [18F]fallypride to investigate dynamic changes in receptor availability in the striatum of patients with alcohol use disorder before and after undergoing a detoxification protocol.Methods18 male patients (mean age 44±5.3y) with alcohol use disorder were recruited and scanned with 180MBq [18F]fallypride upon hospital admission, and again 1-2 weeks later after detoxification. The control group consisted of 10 age-matched healthy volunteers. PET acquisition time was 180min, consisting of 39 frames of increasing duration. Within each group binding potentials (BPND) were calculated in the striatum using the cerebellum as reference.ResultsIn the patients, the mean BPND in whole striatum was 17.2±4.2 at baseline, with a trend towards a decline at follow-up. In addition there were inverse correlations of BPNDwith age (r-0.45) and with daily alcohol consumption (r-0.2). The age-dependence of BPNDwas less pronounced in healthy controls. However, mean striatal BPNDwas only slightly lower in the patient group. No pronounced group differences were evident for extrastriatal [18F]fallypride binding.ConclusionsRegressions with age suggest an accelerated loss of dopamine D2/3 receptors in the striatum of subjects with alcohol use disorder.
PW01-237 - Low-Dosage Topiramate In Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Martinotti G. , Di Nicola M. , De Vita O. , Tedeschi D. , Guerriero L. , Guglielmo R. , De Filippis R. , Janiri L. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionTopiramate (up to 300 mg per day) is more efficacious than placebo as an adjunct to standardised medication compliance management in treatment of alcohol dependence. However, adverse events can limit its use in different clinical situation. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial we aimed to investigate the efficacy of low-dosage topiramate on alcohol drinking indices. Craving and psychiatric symptoms improvements were the secondary endpoints.MethodsForty alcohol dependent subjects where detoxified and subsequently randomised into two groups, respectively receiving topiramate (100mg/die) or Placebo. The level of craving for alcohol was evaluated by a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Italian -version of the Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Psychiatric symptomatology was evaluated by the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90 R).ResultsThe improvement of alcohol drinking indices and craving scores was higher in the topiramate group than placebo. The survival function showed that patients treated with topiramate remained abstinent from any alcohol amount for a longer time with respect to placebo (Z= -2.197; P< 0.05). The SCL-90-R general index of “Positive Symptom Total” significantly reduced in the topiramate group (F= 3.41, p< 0.05). The number of patients dropped-out from the study for adverse events was not different between groups.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first randomised, parallel group trial to evaluate the efficacy of topiramate at low dosage for alcohol dependence. The use of topiramate at low dosage could increase the number of subjects in treatment, given the reduced possibility of adverse events.
PW01-240 - Rate Of Alcohol And Substance Use Disorders Among The Journalists In Erbil City
Authors: Rahim T. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesA number of studies have shown variations in the rate of alcohol and substance use disorders among different occupations, but no study till now stressed on such a variation in Iraq. The present study aimed to study variations in the rate of alcohol and substance use disorders between journalists and some other occupations in Erbil city.Methods200 journalists and 486 of other professionals were interviewed between the period of September to November 2008 by a structured interview (M.I.N.I.) for the detection of alcohol and substance use disorders.ResultsAmong the journalists, 34.5% were alcohol dependents, 7.5% were alcohol abusers, 1% was substance dependent, and another 1% was substance abuser. Among the non-journalists, 7.6% were alcohol dependents, 2.26% were alcohol abusers, 1.44% was substance dependents, and 1.02% was substance abusers. Most of the substances, other than alcohol, used by both groups were the prescription pills. 50% of journalists and 75% of non-journalists, who were either substance dependents or abusers, were alcohol dependents or abusers at the same time. Male gender and those who achieve higher educational levels were more affected in both groups.ConclusionThe present study concluded that occupation is an important determinant for alcohol and substance use disorders in Iraq. Working as a journalist, is a risk factor particularly for alcohol dependence. Gender is an important determinant within each occupation as well.
PW01-258 - Electrodermal Hyporeactivity is a Valid Theoretical and Clinical Platform in Suicidology and Suicide Prevention
Authors: Thorell L.-H. 
Published: June 2010

Recent findings in 345 depressive patients and 89 healthy subjects from three international independent laboratories and hospitals offer clear and consistent information that possesses strong explanatory potentials for suicidal behaviour with death intent and for clinical use in suicide risk assessment and therapeutic intervention. Its extraordinary high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (93%) for suicide and the extraordinary highly significant relationship with operationally defined suicidal propensity (p= 8.3 x 10-17 and p= 6.1 x 10-20), its consistency over a row of published studies and its independence of serotonin, depression rating scores, antidepressive medication and other relevant variables makes the measurement of electrodermal hyporeactivity in an specifically designed acoustic habituation test a useful clinical tool for suicide risk detection as an important complement to the clinical suicide risk assessment.Its theoretical links over specific brain structures to indifference towards everyday life (indifference vulnerability for suicide) and known cognitive dysfunctions like overgeneralized autobiographic memory offers a new psychobiological platform for theoretical work and support for cognitive therapeutic interventions in depressed and euthymic patients for preventive and possibly cure of suicidal propensity, beside known and possible biological treatment methods. Thorell's Hyporeactivity Theory is compared to other models and theories of suicide.Some parts of the presentation are extracted from Thorell LH (2009): Valid electrodermal hyporeactivity for depressive suicidal propensity offers links to cognitive theory, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, May;119(5):338-349.
PW01-260 - Depression During Pregnancy: Comparison Between Pregnant Depressed Women and Non Pregnant Depressed Women
Authors: Borri C. , Mauri M. , Banti S. , Rambelli C. , Ramacciotti D. , Oppo A. , Montagnani M.S. , Camilleri V. , Cortopassi S. , Cianelli E. , Ciberti A. , Giorgi Mariani M. , Cassano G.B. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectDepression during pregnancy is associated to physical symptoms that can impair the functioning of women; furthermore some of the depression somatic symptoms (i.e., sleep disturbance, fatigue, weight change and appetite) are also features of pregnancy. The overlap of symptomatology can interfere with the identification and the diagnosis of the mood episode. Aim of this study is to compare the the depressive phenomenology and the presence of Axis I comorbidity between pregnant and non pregnant depressed women.MethodWe diagnosed Major Depression (MD) using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Diagnosis DSM IV (SCID I) in 32 pregnant women at third month of pregnancy and 87 non pregnant women and we compared the depressive phenomenology in the two groups. Then we administered the Mood Spectrum Self Repost Last Month (MOOD SR-LM) in the two group in order to study the mood spectrum symptomatology.ResultsPregnant depressed women have higher psychomotor retardation, higher levels of concentration and lower agitation than non pregnant depressed women.The severity of depression symptoms was similar in the two depressed groups.ConclusionOur results agree with current litterature about the presence of psychomotor retardation in depressed pregnant women.The higher level of concentration in pregnant women could be explained by the high comorbidity with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). In the pregnant depressed women the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Panic Disorder (PD) comorbidity are more rappresentated.
SS01-02 - Early Symptom Relief For Superior Outcome Of Depression
Authors: Rouillon F. 
Published: June 2010

Successful management of major depressive disorder (MDD) requires antidepressant efficacy at each stage of treatment: rapid improvement of the symptoms in the acute phase, good quality remission in the continuation phase, leading to complete recovery in the maintenance phase. The early improvement of symptoms during the acute phase is predictive of chances of remission, as well as better long-term compliance and reduced risk of suicide.Agomelatine is the first melatonergic antidepressant acting as a melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Its efficacy in the acute phase of treatment was examined in 4 short-term studies: 1) two 6-week, randomized, double-blind studies comparing agomelatine (25-50 mg/d) with venlafaxine (75-150 mg/d), (2) a 6-week comparison study of agomelatine (25-50 mg/d) with sertraline (50-100 mg/d), and (3) an 8-week comparison with fluoxetine (20-40 mg/d) in patients with severe depression.After 1 week of treatment, agomelatine was significantly more effective than venlafaxine on the following parameters: CGI-I (total score and response rate), daytime alertness, feeling good, getting to sleep, and quality of sleep. After 2 weeks, using HAM-D, there were twice as many responders to agomelatine as to sertraline. After 6 weeks of treatment, these differences in favor of agomelatine were maintained. After 8 weeks, agomelatine showed superior antidepressant efficacy on HAM-D total score and CGI-I over fluoxetine in treating patients with severe episodes. These convergent results make agomelatine a promising antidepressant for improving all stages of MDD and ultimately helping more patients to achieve complete and sustained remission.
SS01-03 - More Complete And Sustained Remission: The Key To Success In Depression
Authors: Kennedy S.H. 
Published: June 2010

After the initial response, the next goal is to ensure sustained remission with normal functioning and minimal residual depressive symptoms. During this phase, continued adherence to treatment is needed, which is easier if the patient perceives improvement and tolerates the treatment well. The efficacy of agomelatine, the first melatonergic antidepressant with an innovative mode of action, has been assessed in the long term in 4 studies:
(1)the 18-week extension phases of two short-term studies comparing agomelatine (25-50 mg/d) with venlafaxine (75-150 mg/d),(2)a similar extension phase after 6 weeks of treatment versus sertraline 50-100 mg/d, and(3)a specific 10-month placebo-controlled relapse prevention study.At 6 months, more patients responded to treatment with agomelatine either in term of improvement in CGI-I scores as compared to venlafaxine (P< 0.05), or in terms of response rate on the HAM-D as compared to sertraline (P< 0.05). Agomelatine therefore appears to produce in more patients a relief of depressive symptoms than either SNRIs or SSRIs.A meta-analysis showed that a higher percentage of agomelatine-treated patients completed the extension period of 6 months as compared with venlafaxine or sertraline suggesting that clinical improvement induced by agomelatine lead to a better compliance to treatment.The antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine is maintained in the long term, as demonstrated by the prevention of risk of relapse by 56.3% versus placebo over a 10-month treatment period (p< 0.0001).All these features make agomelatine, the option to consider for achieving a full recovery from major depressive disorder.
SOA01-01 - Towards A Personalised Treatment Of Alcoholism In Europe
Authors: Mann K. 
Published: June 2010

Treatment for alcohol dependent patients represents a largely unmet challenge in psychiatry and psychotherapy. Less than 10% of individuals in need are actually receiving treatment, fewer than in any other field of psychiatry (Kohn et al., 2004). Evidence-based psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is available and will be reviewed (incl. the United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial UKATT and the COMBINE Study). In general, effect sizes are low and lag behind success rates in fields such as smoking cessation. The main reason is the heterogeneity of patients being offered rather specific treatments in conventional RCTs. While some patients may clearly benefit others may not and some even get worse, making means of results rather meaningless.Early attempts to introduce “personalised” treatment into the psychotherapy of alcoholism failed (Project MATCH). Current approaches use several domains for the sub-classification of patients such as psychopathology, genetics, neuroimaging, neuropsychology etc. (Mann et al., 2009). A new RCT (PREDICT Study) did not show a significant difference between naltrexone, acamprosate and placebo. However, by using f-MRI cue reactivity, genetics and psychopathology more homogeneous subgroups of patients could be defined. In these subgroups significant differences for naltrexone over placebo were found.Personalized treatment seems to be a promising approach in alcoholism therapy. It may help to improve results considerable and thus create more motivation and hope in patients as well as in psychiatrists.
YPSP01-10 - Blood Cholesterol And Serum Creatine Kinase Levels In Violent Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Reznik I. , Kertzman S. , Grinspan H. , Birger M. , Shlapnikov N. , Kotler M. , Meltzer H. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIndividuals with severe mental illness display significantly higher rates of violence than general population. In previous reports, violent behavior was found associated with mean serum creatine kinase activity (MSCK) and with reduced levels of total blood cholesterol (LTBC). The aim of study was to assess an association between MSCK and LTBC in two groups of male violent forensic psychiatric offenders.MethodsThe study population was 256 offenders from the closed ward, of whom 214 were schizophrenia patients and 42 were patients with personality disorders. The prevalence of murderers was 21.7% in the schizophrenia group and 21.3% in the group with personality disorders.ResultsSchizophrenia patients had significantly higher MSCK and LDH levels then subjects with personality disorders. There were no significant between-groups differences on other biological parameters. No significant differences on these parameters were found between murderers and nonmurderers in both groups. In the overall sample, significant negative correlation was found between MSCK activity and total cholesterol levels. Similar correlation pattern was found in the schizophrenia group, but not in subjects with personality disorders.ConclusionsThe results show for the first time identifiable MSCK/LTBC pattern in violent schizophrenia patients but not in subjects with personality disorders. It is possible that different character of association between MSCK and LTBC in two groups of violent forensic psychiatric offenders (schizophrenia patients vs. subjects with personality disorders) reflects different biological origins of violent behavior. Further investigation of described MSCK/LTBC pattern in larger population of forensic and non-forensic, psychiatric and non-psychiatric subjects, is warranted.
YPSP01-11 - “Am I just paranoid?!”: a study about psychiatric contaminations on colloquial language
Authors: Ferrari S. , Menozzi M. , Piemonte C. , Pontoni G. , Masoni L. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesCommon language is a mirror of culture and society. Death and mental illness are the human deepest and most ancient taboos, which both patients and professionals have to face in the medical world. Psychiatry has strong and circular connections with culture and society. The aim of this work was to collect and analyze expressions in colloquial language originally derived from psychiatric technical terminology.MethodsA hundred and ten fifth-year medical students (M/F% = 42/58; mean age = 23.5 ± 3.1) attending their semester in psychiatry were asked to list as many expressions as possible of their everyday colloquial use which they thought referred to psychiatry. The terms were collected and analyzed critically.ResultsA list of 150 espressions was drawn and then classified in the following categories: technical psychiatric terms; medical-neurological terms; psycoanalytic references; terms referring to abnormality and need for care; irrelevant terms. Though an overall good level of pertinence in the use of technical psychiatric terms was observed, these usually refer to common situations, both individual and happening to others. Often these locutions are used as jokes or offences.ConclusionDue to fears and prejudices evoked by psychiatric themes, an attempt on exorcising and taking distance leads to the use of psychiatric terms as potentially offensive and despising. This work suggests the need to work - especially in training settings - on filling the gap between common and medical languages and to analyze critically the contaminations as suggestive of very relevant cultural issues.