bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji Efek Hipnotik-Sedatif Rebusan Biji Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) pada Mencit Swiss Webster
Authors: Nirmala Annisa Rizka , Khalil Luthfi Riza , Fitriana Nur Fadila , Sari Meutia Yusnita , Alfiyandhini Elya Nanda , Doo Viona Febyola Refana , Aini Siti Rahmatul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant that has been used empirically to treat insomnia. This study aims to compare the hypnotic-sedative effects of fennel seed decoction with herbal drug Lelap® by in vivo in Swiss Webster mice. Hypnotic and sedative effects were determined by motor coordination using a rotarod test and counted as latency times. This study used 12 healthy female mice which divided into 2 control groups (negative control, water 25 mL/kgBW and positive control, Lelap® 78 mg/kgBW) and 2 treatment groups (fennel seed decoction dose 325 mg/kgBW and 650 mg/kgBW). The results showed that at the 30th minute, the average latency time for the negative control, positive control, fennel seed decoction dose 325 mg/kgBW and 650 mg/kgBW respectively were 328.33±206.99; 43.33±21.85; 50.67±33.98 and 51.33±4.19 seconds. Statistical analysis (Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney) showed that the latency time of fennel seed decoction was not significantly different from the positive control (p>0.05) and significantly different from the negative control (p<0.05). Based on the results, concluded that the fennel seed decoction dose of 325 mg/kgBW and 650 mg/kgBW have a hypnotic-sedative effect equivalent to the drug Lelap®, and the dose of 325 mg/kgBW is the most effective dose.

Keywords: Fennel Seed, Hypnotic-Sedative, Insomnia, Rotarod Test, Latency Time

Abstrak
Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) merupakan tanaman yang dimanfaatkan secara empiris sebagai ramuan untuk mengatasi gejala susah tidur (insomnia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hipnotik-sedatif rebusan biji adas dengan pembanding obat herbal Lelap® secara in vivo pada mencit Swiss Webster. Efek hipnotik dan sedatif ditentukan dengan uji koordinasi motorik menggunakan alat rotarod test dan dinyatakan sebagai waktu latensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor mencit betina sehat yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok kontrol (kontrol negatif air 25 mL/kgBB dan kontrol positif Lelap® 78 mg/kgBB) serta 2 kelompok perlakuan (rebusan biji adas dosis 325 mg/kgBB dan dosis 650 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada menit ke-30, rata-rata waktu latensi kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, rebusan biji adas dosis 325 mg/kgBB dan dosis 650 mg/kgBB secara berturut-turut yaitu 328,33 ± 206,99; 43,33 ± 21,85; 50,67 ± 33,98 dan 51,33 ± 4,19 detik. Analisis statistik (Kruskal Wallis diikuti Mann Whitney) menunjukkan waktu latensi rebusan biji adas tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif Lelap® (p>0,05) dan berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif air (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa rebusan biji adas dosis 325 mg/kgBB dan 650 mg/kgBB memiliki efek hipnotik-sedatif yang setara dengan obat Lelap®, dan dosis 325 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis paling efektif.

Kata Kunci: Biji Adas, Hipnotik-Sedatif, Insomnia, Uji Rotarod, Waktu Latensi
Larvicides Activity of Krokot Extract into Aedes aegypti Mortality
Authors: Fanani Zaenal , Hidayah Noor , Yulianti Nur Fajria 
Published: May 2024

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti, one of controlling vectors which is larvicides. Synthetic larvicides cause several problems so that alternative natural larvicides are used. One of which is the krokot (Portulaca oleracea, L.), the content such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins can be used as larvicides. This study aims to determine the larvicides activity of krokot extract on mortality of Aedes aegypti. The study was conducted using experimental quantitative research. The study was conducted by pouring the ethanol extract on 25 larvae and repeated 3 times, for 24 hours. The result of larvae mortality test at concentrations of 4%, 5% and 6%, namely 39%, 57% dan 72%. LC50 value from krokot extract on the larvae mortality, that is equal to 9.294%. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the krokot ethanol extract is able to kill 50% of the Aedes aegypti larvae population.

Keywords: krokot, ethanol extract, Aedes aegypti, mortality
Antimicrobial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Senggani Leaves (Melastoma malabraticum L) Against Propionibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Authors: Nasution Haris Munandar , Rani Zulmai , Fauzi Ziza Putri Aisyia , Ridho Ahmad Rasyid 
Published: May 2024

Senggani leaves are a plant that can be found in Indonesia, including hilly locations. The people of Marendal, Patumbak subdistrict, believe that senggani leaves may heal minor skin wounds. The goal of this study was to identify the class of secondary metabolite chemical compounds and their antibacterial efficacy against the microorganisms Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis at 5, 10, and 20% concentrations. The ethanol extract of senggani leaves contains secondary metabolite compounds with antibacterial activity. According to the antibacterial test results, a 20% ethanol extract of senggani leaves is effective against Propionibacterium with a diameter of 10.7 mm, a 10% in the medium category with a diameter of 9.27 mm, and a 5% in the medium category with a diameter of 8.8 mm. Meanwhile, the diameter of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a 20% was 8.77 mm in the medium category, 8.37 mm at 10%, and 8.6 mm at a 5% concentration.

Keywords: Propionibacterium acnes, Senggani leaves, Staphylococcus epidermidis
واقع تطبيق المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى شركات قطاع الاتصالات السعودية خلال جائحة كورونا (Covid-19)
Authors: العتيبي فوزيه راشد , الجعيد سامية عايض 
Published: May 2024

تهدف رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية 2030 إلى الاهتمام الواسع بموضوع المسؤولية الاجتماعية ودورها الفعال في التنمية المستدامة, حيث تعد خط الدفاع الأول ضد أي خطر يهدد الفرد أو المجتمع. ومن هذا المنطلق جاءت فكرة البحث. الذي يهدف إلى اكتشاف واقع تطبيق المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى شركات قطاع الاتصالات السعودية خلال جائحة كورونا, ومعرفة مدى إدراك الشركات بأهمية مسؤوليتها الاجتماعية خاصة في أوقات الأزمات. وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي مع استخدام الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات من أفراد عينة البحث.حيث طبق هذا البحث على عينة من الموظفين العاملين في قطاع الاتصالات السعودية بمدينة مكة المكرمة, ويبلغ حجم العينة (72) موظفاً. وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها: وجود درجة تطبيق عالية والتزام من شركات الاتصالات السعودية بمدينة مكة المكرمة بمسؤوليتها الاجتماعية خلال جائحة كورونا تجاه موظفيها وكذلك تجاه المجتمع والدولة. كما أوصى البحث بعدد من التوصيات أبرزها: ضرورة تأسيس بنية تحتية للمسؤولية الاجتماعية, ووضع استراتيجيات وخطط عمل وقت الأزمات. وإعداد نظام تشريعي من أجل تعزيز قيام الشركات بمسؤوليتها الاجتماعية.
التحفيز الوظيفي وأثره في دعم الإبداع والابتكار الأمني: دراسة تطبيقية على القيادة العامة لشرطة الشارقة
Authors: عبد الله آمنة علي حسن 
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة الراهنة إلى التعرف على التحفيز الوظيفي وأثره في دعم الإبداع والابتكار الأمني، إلى جانب تحديد أسس تنمية المهارت الإبداعية والابتكارية لدى أفراد وضباط شرطة، والتعرف على العلاقة التي تربط بين التحفيز الوظيفي وبين المهارات الإبداعية والابتكارية. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التطبيقي باعتباره المنهج المناسب الذي يحقق أهداف الدراسة، وتم التطبيق على عينة قوامها 285 فرد من منتسبي القيادة العامة لشرطة الشارقة. وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في ضرورة تمتع منسوبي المؤسسات الشرطية بمهارات خاصة لكي تساعدهم على الوفاء بمهام وأعباء العمل الأمني بكفاءة، وهذا يتطلب إيجاد قيادات أمنية لديها القدرة على قيادة التغيير بمهارة التحفيز لدعم الإبداع والابتكار الشرطي. ومن النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن مفهوم التحفيز الوظيفي يُشير إلى تلك العوامل التي تسهم في رفع الكفاءة الوظيفية لدى العاملين في القيادة العامة لشرطة الشارقة، كما تعتمد عملية تقديم الحوافز في المجال الأمني على مجموعة من الاعتبارات والوسائل العملية مثل الاعتماد على خطط وزارة الداخلية، والتي يتم من خلالها اعتماد البرنامج الزمني، ومعايير استحقاق الحوافز الوظيفية، وتهتم الدراسات العلمية بمجال الحوافز الوظيفية، وذلك نظرًا لقدرتها على رفع مستوى المهارات الأمنية، الشخصية، والفكرية، والفنية في المجال الأمني.
Are Functional Performance Test Scores Better When Compared to Baseline or Contralateral Limb Scores Following LE Injury in Adolescent Athletes?
Authors: Jones Edward , Jochum Jessica , Corn Hannah , O'Brien Michaela , Parks Melissa , Armoush Jamal , Annee Amanda 
Published: May 2024

Background Functional performance tests (FPT) have been used with athletes following an injury to determine readiness to return-to-play (RTP), usually using limb symmetry indices to the contralateral limb or a baseline score. There is not a consensus as to which criterion scores are best compared. Hypothesis/Purpose This study aimed to compare common functional performance test scores from injured athletes at the time of release to RTP to both preseason baseline scores and to the contralateral limb. It was hypothesized that using baseline scores for comparison would be more responsive to residual deficits following injury than using the contralateral limb. Study Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study Methods High school athletes (n=395) from all varsity sports completed a battery of FPTs including the Y-Balance Test (YBT), single limb hop tests and T-Test for agility (TT) during their preseason to establish baseline data. Injured athletes (n=19) were re-tested using all FTP’s again at the time of RTP. Paired t-tests were used to detect if significant (p<0.05) residual deficits were present at time of RTP when compared to baseline and to contralateral scores on FPTs. Results Differences in YBT scores were found in the anterior direction only (p=0.021) when comparing RTP to preseason, but there were no differences when compared to RTP data for the contralateral limb. Differences were detected with the single leg hop test (p = 0.001) when comparing the RTP to preseason and were also detected in both the single leg hop (p= 0.001) and triple hop (p=0.018) when compared to the contralateral limb. Differences in TT scores were detected when comparing RTP to preseason for cutting first with both the unaffected (p = 0.019) and affected (p = 0.014) limbs. Conclusions The YBT in the anterior direction and the TT are better able to detect residual deficits when comparing RTP to preseason scores. Hop tests are better able to detect deficits when compared to the contralateral limb. These results could make preseason testing more efficient when creating a reference for determining RTP readiness following lower extremity injury.
Individualized Technique Feedback for Instant Technique Improvements and Knee Abduction Moment Reductions – A New Approach for ‘Sidestepping’ ACL Injuries?
Authors: Bill Kevin , Mai Patrick , Mausehund Lasse , Solbakken Sigurd , Krosshaug Tron , Kersting Uwe G. 
Published: May 2024

Background Sidestep cutting technique is highly individual and has been shown to influence knee joint loading. However, studies assessing whether individualized technique feedback improves technique and ACL injury-relevant knee joint loads instantly in a sport-specific task are lacking. Purpose To determine the instant effects of individualized augmented technique feedback and instructions on technique and the peak external knee abduction moment (pKAM) in a handball-specific sidestep cut. Additionally, to determine the effects of technique modifications on the resultant ground reaction force and its frontal plane moment arm to the knee joint center. Study Design Controlled laboratory cohort study Methods Three-dimensional biomechanics of 48 adolescent female handball players were recorded during a handball-specific sidestep cut. Following baseline cuts to each side, leg-specific visual and verbal technique feedback on foot strike angle, knee valgus motion, or vertical impact velocity using a hierarchically organized structure accounting for the variables’ association with performance was provided. Subsequently, sidestep cuts were performed again while verbal instructions were provided to guide technique modifications. Combined effects of feedback and instructions on technique and pKAM as well as on the resultant ground reaction force and its frontal plane moment arm to the knee joint center were assessed. Results On average, each targeted technique variable improved following feedback and instructions, leading to instant reductions in pKAM of 13.4% to 17.1%. High inter-individual differences in response to feedback-instruction combinations were observed. These differences were evident in both the adherence to instructions and the impact on pKAM and its components. Conclusion Most players were able to instantly adapt their technique and decrease ACL injury-relevant knee joint loads through individualized augmented technique feedback, thereby potentially reducing the risk of injury. More research is needed to assess the retention of these adaptations and move towards on-field technique assessments using low-cost equipment. Level of Evidence: Level 3
Preparation For Flight: The Physical Profile of Pre-Professional and Professional Circus Artists in the United States
Authors: Greenspan Stephanie J , Stuckey Melanie I 
Published: May 2024

Background Established norms for fitness and performance measures are lacking in circus arts. These would assist healthcare professionals and coaches to screen for readiness to participate in training or performance, determine post-injury return to performance, and develop targeted conditioning programs. Purpose The purpose of this research was to establish norms for trunk and extremity physical exam and performance measures in circus artists by professional status, assigned sex at birth (ASAB), and age. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study Methods Circus artists (n=201; ages 13-69y; 172 females ASAB, 29 males ASAB) from 10 cities across the United States underwent a baseline physical examination including shoulder, hip and trunk measures of passive (PROM) and active (AROM) range of motion, measures of flexibility (shoulder and hip), strength (manual muscle tests, grip strength), cardiovascular fitness (3 minute-step test), balance (single limb and handstand), and performance, (pull-ups, and the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test [CKCUEST]). ANOVAs were used to determine between group differences by age and T-tests to discern differences by ASAB or professional status. Results Differences existed by professional status for shoulder external rotation PROM, hip PROM, hip flexibility, shoulder and abdominal strength, and cardiovascular fitness. Sex differences were seen in active scapular upward rotation, hip and shoulder PROM and flexibility, hip and grip strength, and for functional performance measures (pull-ups, CKCUEST). Differences by age were limited to active scapular upward rotation, shoulder PROM, flexibility and strength, cardiovascular fitness, and balance. Overall, professionals outperformed pre-professionals for lower abdominal strength, pull-ups, handstand balance, cardiovascular fitness, hamstring, and straddle flexibility. Generally, males ASAB demonstrated greater shoulder flexibility and upper body functional strength while females ASAB had greater hip and lumbar flexibility and hip strength. No measures showed consistent declines with increasing age, though some showed differences between adolescents and adults. Conclusion These normative values for physical characteristics and functional performance in pre-professional and professional circus artists may be used to guide screening for readiness to participate in advanced training or performance, return to performance after injury, and the development of targeted strength and conditioning programs. Level of Evidence 3
Associations Between Hip Pathology, Hip and Groin Pain, and Injuries in Hockey Athletes: A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Kelly Matt , Secomb Josh 
Published: May 2024

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), particularly cam morphology, is highly prevalent among elite hockey athletes. Moreover, hip and groin pain has become a common issue in hockey, with approximately 50% of European professional athletes reported to experience a hip or groin problem during a season. While most athletes will not miss training or competition due to this, restricted competitive performance and increased risk of reduced physical and psychological well-being are likely. Recent research suggests that the development of cam morphology is related to the repetitive shear stresses experienced at the hip joint during adolescence from skating. This condition likely increases the potential for intra-articular and extra-articular injuries in these athletes later in their careers. Research also indicates that the hip joint mechanics during forward skating substantially increase the possibility of sustaining a labral tear compared to other sports. Such an injury can increase femoral head movement within the joint, potentially causing secondary damage to the iliofemoral ligament, ligamentum teres and joint capsule. These injuries and the high density of nociceptors in the affected structures may explain the high prevalence of hip and groin pain in hockey athletes. Compensatory adaptations, such as reduced hip strength, stability, and range-of-motion (ROM) likely increase the opportunity for core muscle injuries and hip flexor and adductor injuries. Specifically, the limited hip ROM associated with cam morphology appears to exacerbate the risk of these injuries as there will be an increase in pubic symphysis stress and transverse strain during rotational movements. It is hoped that this article will assist practitioners currently working with hockey athletes to develop evidence-informed monitoring strategies and training interventions, aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of hip and groin problems, ultimately enhancing athlete performance and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary was to examine current evidence on common hip pathologies in hockey athletes, exploring potential associations between hip and groin pain and the biomechanics of hockey activities. Level of Evidence 5
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTS TO MANAGE URETHRAL STRICTURES
Authors: Iqbal Zahid 
Published: May 2024

The history of the urethral stricture is a fascinating story spanning over three thousand years. It shows the continuous human struggle to overcome the problem of stricture urethra. It not only highlights the progress of medicine and application of modern technology but also its failure to offer a relative cure of this disease. The earliest recorded attempts to treat urethral stricture dates back to the sixth century B.C., when metal and wood dilators were described in the Ayurved (Schmidt et al 1980). The procedure was little changed over the next 2,400 years. Dilatation was done with stalks of plants, feathers, papyrus rolls in Egypt, catheters of copper and bronze in Pompei, metal dilators and “explorers” of the Arabian surgeons. Candles, silk tissues leading finally to plastic catheters were used to dilate strictures in Algerian town called Bujiyah. This town was famous for its honey and beewax in the mediaeval times. The French named their dilators “bougies” and were followed by others. Americans refer to urethral dilators as “sounds” from the metal instrument used to detect bladder calculi by clicking against them before the days of x-rays. Today the words “bougie and sound” are interchangeable.
Strategies of Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutic Drug Delivery
Authors: Salih Walaa A. , Al-Taie Alaa A. 
Published: May 2024

In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer treatment due to their extensive potential and wide range of uses. The research mostly focuses on the inorganic chemicals, with a specific emphasis on metals, in order to enhance the comprehension of functional nanoparticles synthesis. This undertaking is motivated by the distinctive characteristics exhibited by these materials, which provide significant advantages for both fundamental scientific inquiry and practical implementations, notably those focused on cancer. The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diverse applications of nanocomposites, with a specific focus on their utilization in medication delivery.
Aquatic invertebrates of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” (Belarus)
Authors: Baitchorov V. M. , Moroz M. D. , Hihiniak Yu. G. , Giginyak I. Ju. 
Published: May 2024

Studies of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” have revealed 134 lower defined taxa (LDTs) belonging to 3 types of invertebrates: Mollusca – 25, Annelida – 8, Arthropoda – 101 LDTs. A total of 106 taxonomic elements were identified to the species, of which 68 were new to the water bodies of the reserve. From 18 to 54 LTDs were collected in each watercourse. The average number of identified LTDs in the watercourse was 31.9 LTDs. The number of aquatic invertebrates in the studied watercourses varied from 18 to 776 specimens, the average value of this indicator was 234.6 specimens. Among the collected aquatic invertebrates, a protected species were identified – Brachytron pratense (Müller, 1764), as well as a poorly studied species in Belarus Gomphus flavipes Charpentier, 1825. Among the identified hydrobionts in the watercourses of the landscape reserve “Naliboksky”, 23 species are included in the Red Lists of a number of European countries.Thus, the fauna of the studied animals in the watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” is relatively rich and represented by rare and protected animal species in Belarus and Europe.
Urban population of blackbird (Turdus merula) in Minsk: identical scenario of the origin two centuries later
Authors: Sakhvon V. V. , Homel K. V. , Semionova A. A. , Nikiforov M. E. 
Published: May 2024

A recently formed urban group of blackbirds in Minsk differs from forest populations of the species in several ecological characteristics. In the western part of Europe, blackbirds began moving into cities around two hundred years ago, starting from Germany. It was assumed that later birds from the urban population began moving from one city to another in the eastern, northern, and southern directions. Based on the results of the molecular genetic analysis, it is clarified whether the blackbird population in Belarus is a single population or whether there exists a differentiation between groups from urban and forest habitats. To perform a microsatellite analysis, samples were collected from urban (п = 15) and forest (п = 21) blackbirds from different regions of Belarus.It was discovered that there is a constant exchange of genes within and between the populations from natural and urban habitats. The obtained data suggest the local origin of blackbirds in Minsk, which means that the formation of the urban birds is happening in the same way as in Germany almost two centuries ago.
Influence of some abiotic factors on the apple stressassociated protein gene expression profiles
Authors: Kuzmitskaya P. V. , Karaleva K. S. , Urbanovich O. Yu. 
Published: May 2024

In plants, stress-associated proteins (SAP) play a crucial role in responding to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, we evaluated the expression profiles of 14 apple SAP genes (MdSAP) under the influence of low and high temperatures, as well as salinity, using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that the most significant changes in expression levels were observed in the genes MdSAP11, MdSAP2, and MdSAP3 under high temperature conditions, MdSAP1, MdSAP2, MdSAP4, and MdSAP6 under low temperature conditions, and MdSAP1, MdSAP8, and MdSAP11 under salt stress. Furthermore, there was a tendency for gene expression to increase at 2 and/or 4 hours of exposure followed by a decrease at 24 hours. The analysis of the correlation between the expression levels of MdSAP genes revealed both positive and negative linear relationships.These findings will help elucidate the specific roles of individual SAP genes in shaping the apple stress response to low and high temperatures, as well as salinity.