bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Evolution from AGB Stars to Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Kwok Sun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe late stages of stellar evolution from the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) to planetary nebulae represent the most active phase of molecular synthesis in a star's life. Over 60 molecular species, including inorganics, organics, radicals, chains, rings, and molecular ions have been detected in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. Most interestingly, complex organic compounds of aromatic and aliphatic structures are synthesized over very short time intervals after the end of the AGB. Also appeared during the post-AGB evolution are the unidentified 21 and 30 μm emission features, which are believed to originate from carbonaceous compounds.The circumstellar environment is an ideal laboratory for the testing of theories of chemical synthesis. The distinct spectral behavior among AGB stars, proto-planetary nebulae (PPN), and planetary nebulae (PN) and the short evolutionary time scales that separate these stages pose severe constraints on models. In this paper, we will present an observational summary of the chemical synthesis in the late stages of stellar evolution, discuss chemical and physical processes at work, and speculate on the possible effects these chemical products have on the Galaxy and the Solar System.
A Common Origin for Organics in Meteorites and Comets: Was It Interstellar?
Authors: Alexander Conel M. O'D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe insoluble organic material preserved in primitive chondritic meteorites shares many similarities with the refractory organic material in interplanetary dust particles and comets, suggesting that there is a genetic link between the organic matter in objects that formed between ~3 AU and ~30 AU from the Sun. These similarities include large D and15N enrichments in bulk and even more extreme enrichments in isotopic hotspots. The enrichments attest to formation in very cold environments, either in the outer Solar System or the protosolar molecular cloud. There are many properties of this organic material that are consistent with an interstellar origin, but a Solar System origin cannot be ruled out. Similar organic material is presumably an important component of most protoplanetary disks, and heating or sputtering of this material would be a source of PAHs in disks. The soluble organic matter was more heavily effected by processes on the chondritic parent bodies than the insoluble material. Amino acids, for instance, probably formed by reaction of ketones and aldehydes with NH3and HCN. The accretion of the relatively volatile NH3and HCN, presumably in ices, strengthens the chondrite-comet connection. However, unlike most comets the water in chondrites, when it was accreted, had D/H ratios that were similar to or depleted relative to Earth.
Biomarkers of Habitable Worlds - Super-Earths and Earths
Authors: Kaltenegger L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA decade of exoplanet search has led to surprising discoveries, from giant planets close to their star, to planets orbiting two stars, all the way to the first extremely hot, rocky worlds with potentially permanent lava on their surfaces due to the star's proximity. Observation techniques have reached the sensitivity to explore the chemical composition of the atmospheres as well as physical structure of some detected planets. Recent advances in detection techniques find planets of less than 10MEarth(so called Super-Earths), among them some that may potentially be habitable. Two confirmed non-transiting planets and several transiting Kepler planetary candidates orbit in the Habitable Zone of their host star. The detection and characterization of rocky and potentially Earth-like planets is approaching rapidly with future ground- and space-missions, that can explore the planetary environments by analyzing their atmosphere remotely. The results of a first generation space mission will most likely be an amazing scope of diverse planets that will set planet formation, evolution as well as our planet in an overall context.
Absorption Line Surveys at Intermediate Redshift
Authors: Muller Sébastien 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe z=0.89 spiral galaxy located on the line of sight to the quasar PKS1830-211 is right now the extragalactic object with the largest number of detected molecular species (34, plus isotopic variants). This remarkable molecular inventory was recently built after an unbiased spectral survey of molecular absorption lines with the Australia Telescope Compact Array in the 7 mm band. We present the results of this survey, as a showcase of the various interests of molecular absorption studies at intermediate redshift: chemical inventory and gas properties in distant galaxies, chemical enrichment history of the Universe, measurements of the CMB temperature as a function of z, and constraints on the constancy of fundamental constants.
Anions in Space and in the Laboratory
Authors: Bierbaum Veronica M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe astronomical detection of molecular anions has prompted our study of their chemical reactions with atomic species that are abundant in the interstellar medium. We have recently explored the chemistry of a variety of Cx Ny− anions with hydrogen atoms and determined their reaction rate constants and products using the flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube technique. Computational studies allow characterization of the structures of reactants and products, as well as the energetics along the reaction pathway. For anions containing one or two nitrogen atoms, reactions with hydrogen atoms are facile, and proceed primarily by associative detachment. In contrast, anions containing three nitrogen atoms are unreactive with hydrogen atoms due to reaction barriers and unfavorable thermodynamics.
Water Ice Formation and the o/p Ratio
Authors: Dulieu François 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWater is observed in many astrophysical environments in both gas and solid phase. Water ice, for its specific properties, is probably the most important template that structures the gas-solid interaction. In cold environments, its synthesis is supposed to occur directly in the solid phase and then water acts as a catalytic matrix for subsequent synthesis of various molecules. When the medium begins to warm again, water sublimates and nourishes the gas phase, as occurs for example in comets or in star forming regions. Over the last four years, water formation on cold surfaces has been studied experimentally. Different precursors (O, O2, O3. . .) have been used to understand the complex mechanisms that take place. Although numerous questions remain unanswered, at present, it is clear that water is easily formed by different pathways, and that the ice formed has an amorphous structure. The recent observations of the ortho/para ratio of water with Herschel satellite have similarities with the previous o/p ratio observations of water in comets. Some experimental work have been recently reported in this domain, mostly rare gas matrix studies where nuclear spin conversion is measured even at 4.2 K. H2 molecules adsorbed on amorphous solid water ice also exhibit a nuclear spin conversion in presence of a tiny fraction of O2. Finally, I will discuss if microphysics properties of water desorption can explain the o/p ratio values observed.
The proteasomal subunit Rpn6 is a molecular clamp holding the core and regulatory subcomplexes together
Authors: Pathare Ganesh Ramnath , Nagy István , Bohn Stefan , Unverdorben Pia , Hubert Agnes , Körner Roman , Nickell Stephan , Lasker Keren , Sali Andrej , Tamura Tomohiro , Nishioka Taiki , Förster Friedrich , Baumeister Wolfgang , Bracher Andreas 
Published: December 2011

Proteasomes execute the degradation of most cellular proteins. Although the 20S core particle (CP) has been studied in great detail, the structure of the 19S regulatory particle (RP), which prepares ubiquitylated substrates for degradation, has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of one of the RP subunits, Rpn6, and we describe its integration into the cryo-EM density map of the 26S holocomplex at 9.1 Å resolution. Rpn6 consists of an α-solenoid-like fold and a proteasome COP9/signalosome eIF3 (PCI) module in a right-handed suprahelical configuration. Highly conserved surface areas of Rpn6 interact with the conserved surfaces of the Pre8 (alpha2) and Rpt6 subunits from the alpha and ATPase rings, respectively. The structure suggests that Rpn6 has a pivotal role in stabilizing the otherwise weak interaction between the CP and the RP.
FISCAL POLICY AND ASSET PRICES
Authors: Agnello Luca , Sousa Ricardo M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe analyse the impact of fiscal policy on asset prices using a panel vector auto‐regressive (PVAR) approach and quarterly data for ten industrialized countries. We find that positive fiscal shocks lead to a temporary fall in stock prices and a gradual and persistent decrease in housing prices. The empirical findings also point to: (i) a contractionary effect of fiscal policy on output in line with the existence of crowding‐out effects and the deterioration of credit conditions; (ii) a weakening of the effectiveness of fiscal policy in recent times; (iii) a more persistent response of asset prices for countries with a lower degree of openness; (iv) a larger impact of fiscal policy on asset prices for small countries; (v) a close link between the responsiveness of asset prices to fiscal policy and the government’s size; (vi) an increase of the sensitivity of asset prices to fiscal policy shocks following the process of financial deregulation and mortgage liberalization; and (vii) significant fiscal multiplier effects in the context of severe housing busts. Finally, the evidence suggests that changes in equity prices may help governments towards consolidation of public finances.
High concentrations of circulating interleukin‐6 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 with low concentrations of interleukin‐8 were associated with severe chikungunya fever during the 2009–2010 outbreak in Thailand
Authors: Lohachanakul Jindarat , Phuklia Weerawat , Thannagith Montri , Thonsakulprasert Tipparat , Ubol Sukathida 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe recent outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Thailand caused a rheumatic fever associated with considerable morbidity and fatalities. Thus, it is important to identify biomarker(s) of severe disease induced by this threatening arbovirus. Putative biomarkers in cases of chikungunya fever during an outbreak in the southern part of Thailand in 2009–2010 were identified. Sixty‐two patients who had developed fever and myalgia, with or without arthralgia/arthritis, were enrolled and grouped into severe chikungunya fever (CHIKF) (n= 15), mild CHIKF (n= 20) and non‐CHIKF (n= 27) to investigate circulating immunological mediators that might serve as markers of severity. Blood samples were taken at presentation (day 1) and 30 days later (day 30) and plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), matrix metalloproteinase‐1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and viral load were measured by ELISA. On day 1, severe CHIKF and mild CHIKF groups had viral loads of 108.5 and 108.3 of RNA copies/mL, respectively. At presentation, all CHIKF patients had circulating concentrations of IL‐6 and MCP‐1 higher than did non‐CHIKF patients, whereas amongst the CHKF patients, the severe CHIKF patients had higher IL‐6 concentrations than did mild CHIKF patients. Interestingly, severe CHIKF patients had significantly lower concentrations of circulating IL‐8 than the other groups of patients, suggesting that high concentrations of IL‐6 and MCP‐1 with low concentrations of IL‐8 may be a determinant of severe chikungunya virus infection.
Associations between maternal stress and smoking: findings from a population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Hauge Lars Johan , Torgersen Leila , Vollrath Margarete 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To investigate associations between maternal stress and smoking prior to, during and 6 months after the pregnancy.Design  A prospective population‐based cohort study.Setting  Norway.Participants  A total of 71 757 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) participating twice during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum.Measurements  Respondents' estimates of anxiety and depression, relationship discord and negative life events were measured, along with self‐reports of smoking behaviour and demographic variables. Smoking was assessed at gestation weeks 17 and 30 and at 6 months postpartum.Findings  Of the 27.5% women who smoked at conception, 55.8% quit smoking during pregnancy. At 6 months postpartum, 28.9% of quitters had relapsed to smoking. In total, 12.9% of the sample reported smoking during the pregnancy. Adjusted for well‐known risk factors, women reporting high levels of anxiety and depression had a decreased likelihood of quitting smoking during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73, 0.88) and an increased likelihood of relapsing after delivery (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.44). Both relationship discord (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.90) and exposure to negative life events (OR 0.93, 95%: CI 0.90, 0.96) had a negative influence on quitting smoking during pregnancy but had no influence on relapse to smoking postpartum.Conclusions  Maternal stress and relationship discord may inhibit smoking cessation during pregnancy and promote resumption of smoking after pregnancy in women who have achieved abstinence.
Characterization of cytochrome b diversity in Chinese domestic horses
Authors: Yue X. P. , Qin F. , Campana M. G. , Liu D. H. , Mao C. C. , Wang X. B. , Lan X. Y. , Chen H. , Lei C. Z. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPrevious mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D‐loop and microsatellite studies have shown that Chinese horses have multiple maternal origins and high genetic diversity. To better characterize maternal genetic origins and diversity of Chinese domestic horses, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 407 complete 1140 bp sequences of the horse mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (CYTB) gene, including 323 horses from 13 Chinese indigenous breeds and 84 reference sequences from GenBank. A total of 114 haplotypes were identified, of which 73 appeared among the 13 Chinese horse breeds. The high mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b haplotypic diversity suggests multiple maternal origins in Chinese horses.
The Munich‐LTX‐Score: predictor for survival after lung transplantation
Authors: Huppmann Patrick , Neurohr Claus , Leuschner Stefan , Leuchte Hanno , Baumgartner Rainer , Zimmermann Gregor , Meis Tobias , von Wulffen Werner , Überfuhr Peter , Hatz Rudolf , Frey Lorenz , Behr Jürgen ,   for the Munich Lung Transplant Group (MLTG)
Published: December 2011

Huppmann P, Neurohr C, Leuschner S, Leuchte H, Baumgartner R, Zimmermann G, Meis T, von Wulffen W, Überfuhr P, Hatz R, Frey L, Behr J for the Munich Lung Transplant Group (MLTG). The Munich‐LTX‐Score: predictor for survival after lung transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 173–183.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  The purpose of this study was to create a prognostic score calculated one yr after LTX based on post‐transplant factors inclusive of donor and recipient characteristics that could be used to predict long‐term survival in patients after lung transplantation (LTX).Methods:  Uni‐ and multivariate analysis in 206 consecutive LTX patients identified independent risk factors for post‐transplant mortality and onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Munich‐LTX‐Score is devised by summing up each identified risk factor.Results:  Multivariate analyses revealed acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, donor age ≥55 yr, and HLA‐A ≥ 2‐/DR ≥ 2 mismatch and single LTX to be independent negative predictors for long‐term survival (p < 0.05). Munich‐LTX‐Score identified three discrete groups: low‐, moderate‐, and high risk. The actuarial five‐yr survival after score calculation one yr after LTX of the entire cohort was 58%, compared with 91% in low‐, 54% in moderate‐, and 0% in the high‐risk group (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Within our cohort of patients calculation of the Munich‐LTX‐Score, consisting of donor‐, recipient‐, and post‐transplant characteristics, one yr after LTX allowed to predict long‐term survival of lung transplant recipients. After prospective validation, this score could identify patients who may benefit from intensified surveillance after LTX.
Risk factors for chronic anemia in pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation: Analysis of data from the SPLIT registry
Authors: Liem R. I. , Anand R. , Yin W. , Alonso E. M. 
Published: December 2011

Liem RI, Anand R, Yin W, Alonso EM. Risk factors for chronic anemia in pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation: Analysis of data from the SPLIT registry.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 137–143. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Risk factors for chronic anemia in the post‐transplant period have not been clearly delineated in pediatric liver transplant recipients. We analyzed data from children transplanted from 2000 to 2008 with at least two consecutive hemoglobin values from follow‐up between six months and five yr post‐transplant. A multivariate model was derived to determine independent risk factors associated with chronic anemia. Of 1026 children in this analysis, 242 (23.6%) were found to have chronic anemia. On multivariate analysis, GI bleeding (OR 11.83 [2.08–67.49], p = 0.0054), presence of leukopenia (OR 9.55 [95% CI 3.71–24.62], p < 0.0001), use of cyclosporine (OR 3.69, [95% CI 1.56–8.76], p = 0.0039) and corticosteroids (OR 2.90 [95% CI 1.94–4.33], p < 0.0001), and cGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 4.62 [95% CI 2.47–8.67], p < 0.0001) represented the most significant risk factors for chronic anemia. Use of antihypertensive medications (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.23–2.91], p = 0.0039) was also significantly associated with a higher risk. In summary, chronic anemia is common in children following liver transplant. Our findings underscore the need to define the mechanisms by which these risk factors, some of which are modifiable, result in chronic anemia in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
Gene Expression Differences in Oocytes Derived From Adult and Prepubertal Japanese Black Cattle during In Vitro Maturation
Authors: Dorji  , Ohkubo Y , Miyoshi K , Yoshida M 
Published: December 2011

ContentsThe present study was carried out to compare the gene expression profiles in oocytes derived from adult and prepubertal Japanese Black cattle during in vitro maturation (IVM) using microarray gene chips (Bovine genome array containing 24 072 probe sets representing over 23 000 transcripts). Microarray experiments were conducted using total RNA isolated from immature [germinal vesicle (GV)] and in vitro matured [metaphase II, (MII)] oocytes derived from adult and prepubertal animals. A total of 333 (1.4%) and 549 (2.3%) genes were differentially expressed between prepubertal vs adult bovine GV and MII stages oocytes, respectively. Of these, 176 and 312 genes were up‐regulated, while 157 and 237 were down‐regulated in prepubertal when compared with adult GV and MII oocytes, respectively. It was also observed that 695 (2.9%) and 553 (2.3%) genes were differentially expressed between GV vs MII stage oocytes in the adult and prepubertal groups, respectively. Gene ontological classification of the differentially expressed genes revealed that up‐regulated genes in adult oocytes were involved in signal transduction, transcriptional control and transport. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR validated the expression profile of some selected transcripts and confirmed differences in the expression levels of transcripts between adult vs prepubertal groups in both GV and MII stages oocytes as identified by microarray data analysis. This study indicated for the first time that significant number of genes were differentially expressed (>2‐fold, p < 0.01) between oocytes derived from adult and those from prepubertal Japanese Black cattle, and this difference increased during IVM.
Detection of patients presenting with adverse drug events in the emergency department
Authors: Chen Y.‐C. , Fan J.‐S. , Hsu T.‐F. , Chen M.‐H. , Huang H.‐H. , Cheng K.‐W. , Yen D. H.‐T. , Huang M.‐S. , Lee C.‐H. , Chen L.‐K. , Yang C.‐C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Adverse drug events (ADE) have been studied widely in hospitalised and emergency department (ED) patients. Less is known about the ED visits of drug‐related injury in Taiwan. This study seeks to determine the incidence, risk and patient outcomes of ADE in an ED population.Methods:  We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of patients 18 years and older presenting to the ED of an urban, tertiary medical centre. ED visits between 1 March 2009 and 28 February 2010 identified by investigators for suspected ADE were further assessed by using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction probability scale. Outcomes (ED disposition, injury severity and preventability) and associated variables (triage, gender, drug category, number of drugs, Charlson comorbidity index score and ADE mechanism) were measured.Results:  Of 58 569 ED visits, 452 patients (0.77%) had physician‐documented ADE. 24% of patients with ADE were hospitalised with life‐threatening conditions, with a mortality rate of 10.0%. The majority of ADE were considered preventable (73.4%), and the unintentional overdose was the most common cause. Cardiovascular agents accounted for the most ADE (25.8%) and consisted of 65.3% of ADE in patients aged 65 years and older. Risk factors for ADE‐related hospitalisation were elderly age (odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.4), severity of ADE (OR 6.9, 95% CI 3.3–14.5) and higher Charlson comorbidity index scores (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0–5.7).Conclusion:  ADE‐related ED visits are not uncommon in Taiwan and many cases are preventable. ED‐based surveillance may provide useful information for monitoring outpatient ADE.
Thermal legacies: transgenerational effects of temperature on growth in a vertebrate
Authors: Salinas Santiago , Munch Stephan B. 
Published: December 2011

Ecology Letters(2011)AbstractTransgenerational plasticity (TGP), a generalisation of more widely studied maternal effects, occurs whenever environmental cues experienced by either parent prior to fertilisation results in a modification of offspring reaction norms. Such effects have been observed in many traits across many species. Despite enormous potential importance—particularly in an era of rapid climate change—TGP in thermal growth physiology has never been demonstrated for vertebrates. We provide the first evidence for thermal TGP in a vertebrate: given sufficient time, sheepshead minnows adaptively program their offspring for maximal growth at the present temperature. The change in growth over a single generation (c. 30%) exceeds the single‐generation rate of adaptive evolution by an order of magnitude. If widespread, transgenerational effects on thermal performance may have important implications on physiology, ecology and contemporary evolution, and may significantly alter the extinction risk posed by changing climate.