bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of birthing people during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Analysis of comments from the 2020 Wisconsin Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
Authors: Salm Ward Trina C. , Abu Zahra Tuleen , Payjapoh Chuthamas , Oladebo Tinuola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on the US population, with birthing people having special clinical needs. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a population‐based surveillance system for monitoring birthing people's experiences. Comment data from the PRAMS survey can provide further insight into birthing people's experiences. This study aims to use PRAMS data to describe pandemic‐related experiences in a representative sample of birthing people in Wisconsin to help inform future emergency preparedness planning.MethodsThis study analyzed 2020 Wisconsin PRAMS data for births in March or later. Content analysis of pandemic‐related comment data was conducted, and quantitative data on demographic characteristics and pandemic‐related experiences were examined.ResultsFindings from 1406 respondents indicated that many birthing people were affected by the pandemic, including changes in healthcare visits and employment. One hundred respondents commented on pandemic‐related experiences; four interrelated themes emerged from content analysis: changed nature and quality of healthcare, limited social support, increased anxiety, stress, or fear, and employment or financial burden. Most comments discussed negative impacts; some expressed positive aspects.DiscussionFindings suggest opportunities for improving support for birthing people during public health emergencies, for example, through developing healthcare policies and public health guidelines that prioritize the protective mechanisms of social support for birthing people, identifying additional and immediately accessible policy protections to support birthing and postpartum people (e.g., insurance and paid leave) during public health emergencies, and implementing additional screening and support to help address increased mental health needs during public health emergencies.
Unveiling The Mother Tongue Factor in Dream Work: A Qualitative Ethnographic Exploration of Clinical Psychologists' Engagement with the Ullman's Experiential Dreamwork Group Approach
Authors: Campo‐Redondo Maria Susana , Alshamsi Aysha Rubaia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of utilizing the mother tongue on psychologists' acquisition of proficiency in the Ullman's experiential dreamwork group approach. Employing a qualitative ethnographic methodology, the research documents the immersive training experiences within the Ullman approach, subject to subsequent analysis, by a Muslim clinical psychologist in training, whose native language is Arabic, engaging in the experiential dreamwork conducted in English. The findings confirms the pivotal role of the mother tongue in fostering group cohesion and facilitating emotional processing within the Ullman framework. Furthermore, the research underscores the significance of language in shaping the holistic learning experience, emphasizing the imperative consideration of linguistic and cultural implications inherent in this distinctive training process for clinical psychologists. A nuanced understanding of the impact of language on experiential learning enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay between language, emotions and personal development among trainees in clinical psychology. Beyond individual learning encounters, the research prompts a broader contemplation on the incorporation of linguistic and cultural factors in the training of clinical psychologists.
Marginal changes at bone‐level implants supporting dental prostheses with or without intermediate standardised abutments after 36 months: Randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Maceiras Lucía , Liñares Antonio , Nóvoa Lourdes , Batalla Pilar , Mareque Santiago , Pérez Javier , Blanco Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the changes at marginal bone level at implants restored with screw‐retained prosthesis connected directly to the implants or with an intermediate abutment, after 3‐year follow‐up.Material and MethodsThirty‐six partially edentulous patients received 72 implants. Each patient received 2 implants and a 2–4‐unit screw‐retained implant‐prosthesis. The test group implants received a screw‐retained prosthesis connected directly to the implant shoulder, the control group prosthesis were connected through a 3‐mm standardised intermediate abutment. Clinical and radiological data were recorded at baseline and at 6‐, 12‐, and 36‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt 36 months, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.13 ± 0.18 mm for the control group and 0.20 ± 0.24 for the test group, with no significant differences between groups (p > .05). Clinical variables (Probing Pocket Depth, Bleeding on Probing and Plaque Index) at 36 months also showed no significant difference between groups. Minor complications frequency was 6.7% in the control group and 5.3% in test group. None of the groups suffered from mayor complications. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) showed a General Satisfaction mean score in the control group of 9.40 (SD 0.82) and 9.37 (SD 1.06) in the test group with no significant differences between groups.ConclusionsBone‐level implants restored with screw‐retained partial prostheses with or without intermediate abutments showed similar radiographic and clinical outcomes after 3 years.
Discomfort/pain due to peri‐implant probing at titanium and zirconium implants: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bussmeyer Florian , Saminsky Michael , Eickholz Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to compare discomfort/pain after periodontal and peri‐implant probing in patients with titanium compared with zirconium implants.MethodsOne examiner recruited and examined 70 patients, each of whom had a dental implant with a contralateral tooth; 37 patients had titanium implants of various types and 33 patients had zirconium implants; one implant was analyzed for each patient. Periodontal and peri‐implant probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed. Immediately after probing, patients rated their discomfort/pain with a visual analog scale (VAS). The emergence profiles of implant crowns were assessed on periapical radiographs of the implants.ResultsSeventy patients with a median age of 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 42–65 years), including 43 females and 16 current smokers, were examined. The mean PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) were higher around implants than around teeth (p < .001). CAL and suppuration were well‐balanced between implants and teeth. Peri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing [median VAS score: 12.5 (IQR 4–22) vs. 9 (2–15); p < .001]. Logistic regression revealed that discomfort/pain after peri‐implant probing was less intense in patients who had taken analgesic medication (p = .021) and around titanium implants (p = .037).ConclusionsPeri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing. Patients who had taken analgesic medication experienced less discomfort and pain with peri‐implant probing than those who had not; furthermore, titanium implants were associated with less pain than zirconium implants.
Exploring the potential relationship between short sleep risks and cognitive function from the perspective of inflammatory biomarkers and cellular pathways: Insights from population‐based and mice studies
Authors: You Yanwei , Li Jinwei , Zhang Yang , Li Xingtian , Li Xinming , Ma Xindong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe molecular mechanism of short‐sleep conditions on cognition remains largely unknown. This research aimed to investigate associations between short sleep, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function in the US population (NHANES data 2011–2014) and explore cellular mechanisms in mice.MethodsSystemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) was calculated using blood‐cell based biomarkers. Further, we employed integrated bioinformatics and single‐cell transcriptomics (GSE137665) to examine how short sleep exposure influenced the molecular pathways associated with inflammation in the brain. To explore the signaling pathways and biological processes of sleep deprivation, we carried out enrichment analyses utilizing the GO and KEGG databases.ResultsPopulation results showed that, compared with normal sleep group, severe short sleep was associated with lower cognitive ability in all the four tests. Moreover, a higher SII level was correlated with lower scores of cognitive tests. In mice study, elevated activation of the inflammatory pathway was observed in cell subgroups of neurons within the sleep deprivation and recovery sleep cohorts. Additionally, heightened expression of oxidative stress and integrated stress response pathways was noted in GABAergic neurons during sleep deprivation.ConclusionThis study contributed to the understanding of the influence of short sleep on cognitive function and its cellular mechanisms.
Assessing the impact of preventative measures to limit the spread of Toxoplasma gondii in wild carnivores of Madagascar
Authors: Rasambainarivo Fidisoa T. , Randrianarisoa Santatra , Rasolofoniaina Olivier A. , Rice Benjamin L. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNovel multihost pathogens can threaten endangered wildlife species, as well as humans and domestic animals. The zoonotic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted by members of Felidae and can infect a large number of animal species, including humans. This parasite can have significant health consequences for infected intermediate hosts and could further endanger wild carnivore populations of Madagascar. Building on an empirical characterization of the prevalence of the pathogen in local mammals, we used mathematical models of pathogen transmission in a multihost community to compare preventative measures that aim to limit the spread of this parasite in wild carnivores. Specifically, we examined the effect of hypothetical cat vaccination and population control campaigns on reducing the risk of infection by T. gondii in wild Eupleridae. Our model predicted that the prevalence of exposure to T. gondii in cats would be around 72% and that seroprevalence would reach 2% and 43% in rodents and wild carnivores, respectively. Reducing the rodent population in the landscape by half may only decrease the prevalence of T. gondii in carnivores by 10%. Similarly, cat vaccination and reducing the population of definitive hosts had limited impact on the prevalence of T. gondii in wild carnivorans of Madagascar. A significant reduction in prevalence would require extremely high vaccination, low turnover, or both in the cat population. Other potential control methods of T. gondii in endangered Eupleridae include targeted vaccination of wild animals but would require further investigation. Eliminating the threat entirely will be difficult because of the ubiquity of cats and the persistence of the parasite in the environment.
Quantifying the impacts of future shoreline modification on biodiversity in a case study of coastal Georgia, United States
Authors: Coleman Daniel J. , Gittman Rachel K. , Landry Craig E. , Byers James E. , Alexander Clark R. , Coughlin G. Paul , Woodson C. Brock 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeople often modify the shoreline to mitigate erosion and protect property from storm impacts. The 2 main approaches to modification are gray infrastructure (e.g., bulkheads and seawalls) and natural or green infrastructure (NI) (e.g., living shorelines). Gray infrastructure is still more often used for coastal protection than NI, despite having more detrimental effects on ecosystem parameters, such as biodiversity. We assessed the impact of gray infrastructure on biodiversity and whether the adoption of NI can mitigate its loss. We examined the literature to quantify the relationship of gray infrastructure and NI to biodiversity and developed a model with temporal geospatial data on ecosystem distribution and shoreline modification to project future shoreline modification for our study location, coastal Georgia (United States). We applied the literature‐derived empirical relationships of infrastructure effects on biodiversity to the shoreline modification projections to predict change in biodiversity under different NI versus gray infrastructure scenarios. For our study area, which is dominated by marshes and use of gray infrastructure, when just under half of all new coastal infrastructure was to be NI, previous losses of biodiversity from gray infrastructure could be mitigated by 2100 (net change of biodiversity of +0.14%, 95% confidence interval −0.10% to +0.39%). As biodiversity continues to decline from human impacts, it is increasingly imperative to minimize negative impacts when possible. We therefore suggest policy and the permitting process be changed to promote the adoption of NI.
Predicting lung exposure of intramuscular niclosamide as an antiviral agent: Power‐law based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Kim Taeheon , Jung Woojin , Cho Sangeun , Kim Gwanyoung , Yun Hwi‐yeol , Chae Jung‐woo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNiclosamide, a potent anthelmintic agent, has emerged as a candidate against COVID‐19 in recent studies. Its formulation has been investigated extensively to address challenges related to systemic exposure. In this study, niclosamide was formulated as a long‐acting intramuscular injection to achieve systemic exposure in the lungs for combating the virus. To establish the dose–exposure relationship, a hamster model was selected, given its utility in previous COVID‐19 infection studies. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using NONMEM and PsN. Hamsters were administered doses of 55, 96, 128, and 240 mg/kg with each group comprising five animals. Two types of PK models were developed, linear models incorporating partition coefficients and power‐law distributed models, to characterize the relationship between drug concentrations in the plasma and lungs of the hamsters. Numerical and visual diagnostics, including basic goodness‐of‐fit and visual predictive checks, were employed to assess the models. The power‐law‐based PK model not only demonstrated superior numerical performance compared with the linear model but also exhibited better agreement in visual diagnostic evaluations. This phenomenon was attributed to the nonlinear relationship between drug concentrations in the plasma and lungs, reflecting kinetic heterogeneity. Dose optimization, based on predicting lung exposure, was conducted iteratively across different drug doses, with the minimum effective dose estimated to be ~1115 mg/kg. The development of a power‐law‐based PK model proved successful and effectively captured the nonlinearities observed in this study. This method is expected to be applicable for investigating the drug disposition of specific formulations in the lungs.
Biogeography of larches in eastern Siberia – using single nucleotide polymorphisms derived by genotyping by sequencing
Authors: Haupt Sarah , Bernhardt Nadine , Killing Stefanie , Meucci Stefano , Herzschuh Ulrike , Zakharov Evgenii S. , Harpke Dörte , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Kruse Stefan 
Published: May 2024

The present distribution of Siberian boreal forests that are dominated by larches (Larix spp.) is influenced, to an unknown extent, by glacial history. Knowing the past treeline dynamics can improve our understanding of future treeline shifts under changing climate. Here, we study patterns in the genetic variability of Siberian Larix to help unravel biogeographic migration routes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).We infer the spatial distribution and the postglacial demographic history of Larix using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) from 130 individuals sampled across eastern Siberia.Our analysis gives statistical support for two or three clusters, spanning from western to eastern Siberia. These clusters reveal a genetic structure influenced by isolation resulting from geographical distance, barriers imposed by geographic features, and distinct glacial histories. Assuming three clusters, our demographic inference indicates that the common ancestor of the current Larix populations existed in northeast Siberia well before the LGM. This suggests that Larix persisted in the northern region throughout previous glacials.Our genetic studies suggest that Larix likely survived the cold LGM in northern refugia, enabling a fast colonization of Siberia. Instead of complete repopulation from southern areas postglacially, the northernmost Larix expansion during the Holocene seems to have benefitted from refugial populations ahead of the treeline. Present‐day migration is expected to be slow initially, due to the absence of current refugial populations in the far north, in contrast to the early‐Holocene situation.
Health literacy and medication health literacy in adolescents: Highlights from HBSC/WHO
Authors: Gaspar Susana , Guedes Fábio Botelho , Cerqueira Ana , Gaspar Tânia , Machado Maria do Céu , de Matos Margarida Gaspar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHealth literacy (HL) is an essential health determinant that could encourage the adoption of individual and community protective behaviours that contribute to public health. This study aims to analyse the associations between HL and medication HL (MHL) in 4015 adolescents from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC/WHO). Data were collected from the HBSC/WHO questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were performed. 62.4% of participants have a moderate level of HL and 29.1% have a high level of HL. The youngest boys, and those who have a low level of MHL in the different dimensions presented (expiration date, recycling, side effects, illegal sale and safety), have a low level of HL. The oldest girls have a moderate level of HL. Also, girls with a high level of MHL, reported a high level of HL. MHL, namely, the expiration date, recycling, side effects and safety dimensions in adolescents is significantly related to and positively associated with HL. The results will enable us to highlight to family professionals and public policies the importance of HL and MHL promotion in adolescents.
Subjective well‐being levels of classroom teachers
Authors: Özcan Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research aims to reveal the subjective well‐being levels of classroom teachers with the explanatory sequential design method of mixed method research. In the quantitative part of the study, the subjective well‐being levels of the classroom teachers were analysed according to the variables of gender, age, region of employment, professional experience, educational status and grade level taught, and the qualitative part was designed with the phenomenology method and examined according to the sub‐dimensions of school engagement and teaching efficacy. In the quantitative part of the study, there were 340 participants, and the Teacher Subjective Well‐being Questionnaire was used, while in the qualitative part, 27 participants were included, and the subjective well‐being level was examined according to the sub‐dimensions of school engagement and teaching efficacy. While the subjective well‐being levels of the participants did not differ significantly according to the variables of the region of employment, educational status and grade level taught, they differed significantly according to the variables of age and professional experience. In addition, the participants stated that the factors affecting school engagement were professional commitment, responsibility, working environment, being valued, being respected, belonging and conscience, respectively. The areas that positively affected their teaching eff icacy were field and pedagogical knowledge, communication, technology and classroom management, respectively, and those that negatively affected their teaching efficacy were pedagogical knowledge, communication, classroom management and lesson planning.
Including immigrant voices in local mechanisms of citizen participation? Insights from the crucial case of Barcelona
Authors: Triviño‐Salazar Juan Carlos , Climent‐Ferrando Vicent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe deliberative democracy and governance literature indicates that the challenge of participatory mechanisms (e.g., participatory budgeting, citizen assemblies) is to be inclusive of all citizens, especially marginalized ones from the political system. Immigrants as a marginalized group are a target of inclusion. Asking the circumstances under which these mechanisms promote immigrants' effective inclusion is still a pending question. This article proposes a theoretical model centered on their inclusion in these mechanisms. We apply our model to the incorporation of immigrants into Barcelona's Neighborhood Council Meetings, revamped under the radical‐left Barcelona en Comú‐led government (2015–2023). Findings show that opening participatory mechanisms for immigrants did not build de facto inclusionary dynamics in Barcelona. We explained such findings on the mismatch between the political quest to deepen democracy and promote social justice through participatory mechanisms and the limitations to implement practices leading to a pluralist engagement with immigrants.
Brief intervention for chronic liver disease patients with alcohol use disorder in a hepatology outpatient unit: Effects and limitations
Authors: Hara Nagisa , Hiraoka Atsushi , Nakai Masato , Shiraki Makoto , Namisaki Tadashi , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Hisanaga Takuro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Sakamoto Naoya , Nakao Kazuhiko , Takami Taro , Eguchi Yuichiro , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimIt is not uncommon to encounter outpatients in the hepatology department with harmful alcohol habits. When treating such chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, an adequate intervention method for harm reduction of alcohol use, such as brief intervention (BI) or BI and nalmefene, should be considered. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical effectiveness of BI for CLD patients affected by harmful alcohol use.MethodsFrom June 2021 to 2023, 123 Japanese CLD outpatients (hepatitis B virus : hepatitis C virus : alcoholic liver disease : others = 32:18:42:31) with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of ≥8 at the initial interview and a repeat interview with AUDIT 9 months later were enrolled. Clinical features related to patient behavior following the initial AUDIT interview were retrospectively evaluated, and compared between patients without and with BI treatment.ResultsFor the non‐BI and BI groups, baseline AUDIT score (median 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 9–13] vs. 12 [IQR 10–17], p = 0.016) and relative change in AUDIT score (median 0 [IQR −3 to 2] vs. −3 [IQR −7 to 0], p < 0.01) showed significant differences, whereas there was no significant difference between the groups for AUDIT score at the time of the second interview (p = 0.156). Following BI, significant improvements were observed for items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 of AUDIT (each p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with an alcohol use disorder as well as those with alcohol dependency who received BI showed a significant decline in AUDIT score, although the score of the follow‐up AUDIT indicated continued alcohol use disorder. In addition to BI, medication with nalmefene should be considered, based on individual factors.