bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxidergic cells related to ejaculation in gerbil forebrain contain androgen receptor and respond to testosterone
Authors: Simmons Danielle A. , Yahr Pauline 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo clusters of forebrain neurons—one in the posterodorsal preoptic nucleus (PdPN) and one in the lateral part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeApd)—are activated at ejaculation in male rats and gerbils as seen with Fos immunocytochemistry. To understand the functions of these cells and how they respond synchronously, it may be useful to identify their neurotransmitters. Nitric oxide (NO) was of interest because its levels in the preoptic area affect ejaculation, and it could synchronize clustered neurons through paracrine/volume transmission. Thus, we determined whether the ejaculation‐related cells produce NO by assessing Fos co‐localization with NO synthase (NOS) in recently mated male gerbils. We also studied NOS‐Fos co‐localization in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNm), where half of the neurons that express Fos after mating reflect ejaculation. We also quantified NOS co‐localization with androgen receptor (AR) and NOS sensitivity to androgens at these sites. Without quantification, we extended these analyses throughout the hypothalamus and amygdala. Many mating‐activated PdPN, lateral MeApd, and MPNm cells contained NOS (32–54%), and many NOS neurons at these sites expressed Fos (34–51%) or AR (25–69%). PdPN and MPNm NOS cells were sensitive to testosterone but not its androgenic metabolite dihydrotestosterone. The overall distribution of NOS and NOS‐AR cells was similar to that in rats. These data suggest that NO may help to synchronize the activation of PdPN and lateral MeApd neurons at ejaculation and that NOS in PdPN and MPNm cells is regulated by testosterone acting via estradiol or without undergoing metabolism. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:900–915, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system
Authors: Fuller Patrick , Sherman David , Pedersen Nigel P. , Saper Clifford B. , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe “ascending reticular activating system” theory proposed that neurons in the upper brainstem reticular formation projected to forebrain targets that promoted wakefulness. More recent formulations have emphasized that most neurons at the pontomesencephalic junction that participate in these pathways are actually in monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups. However, cell‐specific lesions of these cell groups have never been able to reproduce the deep coma seen after acute paramedian midbrain lesions that transect ascending axons at the caudal midbrain level. To determine whether the cortical afferents from the thalamus or the basal forebrain were more important in maintaining arousal, we first placed large cell‐body‐specific lesions in these targets. Surprisingly, extensive thalamic lesions had little effect on electroencephalographic (EEG) or behavioral measures of wakefulness or on c‐Fos expression by cortical neurons during wakefulness. In contrast, animals with large basal forebrain lesions were behaviorally unresponsive and had a monotonous sub‐1‐Hz EEG, and little cortical c‐Fos expression during continuous gentle handling. We then retrogradely labeled inputs to the basal forebrain from the upper brainstem, and found a substantial input from glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus and adjacent precoeruleus area. Cell‐specific lesions of the parabrachial‐precoeruleus complex produced behavioral unresponsiveness, a monotonous sub‐1‐Hz cortical EEG, and loss of cortical c‐Fos expression during gentle handling. These experiments indicate that in rats the reticulo‐thalamo‐cortical pathway may play a very limited role in behavioral or electrocortical arousal, whereas the projection from the parabrachial nucleus and precoeruleus region, relayed by the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex, may be critical for this process. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:933–956, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SNAP25 expression in mammalian retinal horizontal cells
Authors: Hirano Arlene A. , Brandstätter Johann Helmut , Morgans Catherine W. , Brecha Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHorizontal cells mediate inhibitory feedforward and feedback lateral interactions in the outer retina at photoreceptor terminals and bipolar cell dendrites; however, the mechanisms that underlie synaptic transmission from mammalian horizontal cells are poorly understood. The localization of a vesicular γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (VGAT) to horizontal cell processes in primate and rodent retinae suggested that mammalian horizontal cells release transmitter in a vesicular manner. Toward determining whether the molecular machinery for vesicular transmitter release is present in horizontal cells, we investigated the expression of SNAP25 (synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa), a key SNARE protein, by immunocytochemistry with cell type‐specific markers in the retinae of mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey. Different commercial antibodies to SNAP25 were tested on vertical sections of retina. We report the robust expression of SNAP25 in both plexiform layers. Double labeling with SNAP25 and calbindin antibodies demonstrated that horizontal cell processes and their endings in photoreceptor triad synapses were strongly labeled for both proteins in mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey retinae. Double labeling with parvalbumin antibodies in monkey retina verified SNAP25 immunoreactivity in all horizontal cells. Pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy in rabbit retina confirmed expression of SNAP25 in lateral elements within photoreceptor triad synapses. The SNAP25 immunoreactivity in the plexiform layers and outer nuclear layer fell into at least three patterns depending on the antibody, suggesting a differential distribution of SNAP25 isoforms. The presence of SNAP25a and SNAP25b isoforms in mouse retina was established by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. SNAP25 expression in mammalian horizontal cells along with other SNARE proteins is consistent with vesicular exocytosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:972–988, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of Hydroxyacetone on Pure Ice Surfaces
Authors: Petitjean Mélanie , Darvas Maria , Picaud Sylvain , Jedlovszky Pál , Le Calvé Stéphane 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of hydroxyacetone molecules at the surface of ice is investigated by means of flow‐tube reactor measurements in the temperature range: 213–253 K. The number of molecules adsorbed per surface unit is conventionally plotted as a function of the absolute gas concentration of hydroxyacetone and is compared to that previously obtained for acetone and ethanol. The enthalpy of adsorption and the monolayer capacity at the ice surface are determined. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to support the experimental results. However, it is shown that the available interaction potential between hydroxyacetone and ice is not accurate enough to allow a robust detailed analysis of the adsorption process. Finally, a rapid estimation of the hydroxyacetone partitioning between the gas phase and ice shows that in the densest ice clouds, up to 29 % of hydroxyacetone could be adsorbed on pure ice surfaces at 203 K.
Angiotensins
Authors: Ballermann Barbara J. , Onuigbo Macaulay A. C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Angiotensin Generation and MetabolismClassic Pathway of Angiotensin II GenerationAlternative Pathways Generating Angiotensin PeptidesAngiotensin Actions in the KidneyRegulation of Intrarenal HemodynamicsAngiotensin II Actions on Renal Tubule Epithelial TransportCoordination of Renal Vascular and Epithelial Angiotensin II ActionsCardiovascular Actions of Angiotensin IIEffects on Blood VesselsCardiac ActionsAdrenal Actions of AngiotensinAdrenal Angiotensin II ReceptorsMechanisms of Angiotensin II‐Stimulated Aldosterone SynthesisMechanisms of Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell ActivationTrophic Effects on the Adrenal GlandCentral Nervous System Actions of Angiotensin IIExpression of Renin‐Angiotensin System ComponentsAngiotensin II‐Mediated Drinking, Vasopressin Release, and Salt IntakeCentrally Mediated Effects on Blood PressureCellular MechanismsAngiotensin II ReceptorsAngiotensin II Receptor SubtypesRegulation of Receptor ExpressionReceptor Structure‐Function RelationshipsReceptor Signaling MechanismsConclusions
Aldosterone
Authors: Ganguly Arunabha 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Regulation of Synthesis and SecretionAgents Stimulating Aldosterone SecretionAgents Inhibiting Aldosterone SecretionOther FactorsPathophysiological Regulation of Aldosterone SecretionCellular ActionsReceptors11β‐Hydroxysteroid DehydrogenaseSodium ChannelSodium‐Potassium AdenosinetriphosphataseEffects on the KidneyEffects on the ColonEffects on the Vascular Smooth MuscleEffects on the BrainEffects on the SkinEffects on the HeartPossible Non‐genomic Effects
Endocrine Hypertension
Authors: Fraser Robert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:CorticosteroidsMineralocorticoid HypertensionGlucocorticoid HypertensionRenin–Angiotensin SystemCatecholaminesPheochromocytomaInsulin and Growth HormoneVascular Hormones: Endothelin and Nitric OxideSodium‐Losing HormonesSummary
Endocrine Control of Potassium Balance
Authors: Young David B. , McCabe Richard D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Potassium Transport Along the NephronAldosterone: Cellular Mechanisms of ActionAldosterone ReceptorsEnergeticsSodium ConductanceHydrogen Ion TransportPotassium TransportSodium–Potassium‐Adenosine TriphosphataseChloride TransportLong‐Term Actions of AldosteronePotassium ExcretionPotassium DistributionOther Hormonal and Nonhormonal Factors that may Affect Potassium Excretion and DistributionSodium Intake and ExcretionEpinephrineNorepinephrineVasopressinInsulinAngiotensinThyroxinRegulation of Aldosterone SecretionQuantitative Assessments of the Participation of Aldosterone in Potassium RegulationChanges in Potassium IntakeChange in Sodium IntakeChanges in Aldosterone or Mineralocorticoid ActivityPotassium Regulation over Combined Ranges of Sodium and Potassium IntakeConclusion
Tissue Kallikrein–Kinin System
Authors: Clements Judith A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical PerspectivesKallikrein–Kinin SystemsPlasma Kallikrein–Kinin SystemTissue Kallikrein–Kinin SystemComponents of the Tissue Kallikrein–Kinin SystemTissue KallikreinKallikrein Inhibitors: KallistatinKininogensKinins and Peptidase MetabolismKinin ReceptorsTissue Kallikrein–Kinin System and Electrolyte and Water Balance in the KidneyLocalization of Kallikrein–Kinin System ComponentsInterrelationship of Renin–Angiotensin and Kallikrein–Kinin SystemsRegulatory and Mediatory FactorsKinins and Electrolyte TransportProstaglandins and Other Intracellular MediatorsTissue Kallikrein–Kinin System and Electrolyte Transport in Other TissuesColon and Intestinal EpitheliaOther EpitheliaOverview
Natriuretic Peptides
Authors: De Bold Adolfo J. , Bruneau Benoit G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical PerspectivesPrimary StructureAssay MethodsThe Endocrine HeartFunctional MorphologyBiological Properties of Natriuretic Peptides and Their ReceptorsNatriuretic Peptide Gene StructureMechanical and Neuroendocrine Control of Natriuretic Peptide Gene Expression and ReleaseContribution of Natriuretic Peptides to Cardiovascular Homeostasis
Physiological Responses to Natriuretic Hormones
Authors: Zeidel Mark L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Cellular Actions of Natriuretic PeptidesThe Family of Natriuretic PeptidesNatriuretic Peptide ReceptorsNatriuretic Peptide SignalingAdrenal and Other Endocrine Actions of Natriuretic PeptidesRegulation of Blood Pressure by Natriuretic PeptidesRegulation of Autonomic ReflexesCardiac OutputPeripheral Vascular ResistanceDistribution of Fluid Between Intravascular and Extravascular CompartmentsIntegrative Effects on Blood PressureGrowth of Vascular CellsRenal Actions of Natriuretic PeptidesRenal HemodynamicsRenal Epithelial ActionsIntegrative Effects on Renal FunctionIntegrative Physiology of Natriuretic PeptidesRoles in Normal Physiology and DiseaseSummary and Future Directions
Vitamin D
Authors: Henry Helen L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Metabolism of Vitamin DSynthesis of Vitamin DSynthesis of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D3Synthesis of the Dihydroxylated Metabolites of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D324R,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3Regulation of Hydroxylation of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D3in the KidneyCatabolism of Vitamin D MetabolitesVitamin D Binding ProteinActions of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3IntestineBoneKidneyParathyroid GlandGrowth and DifferentiationImmune SystemMechanisms of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3ActionGenomicRapid ActionsBiological Activity of 24R,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System Function: Regulation and Counterregulation
Authors: Spencer Robert L. , Kalman Brian A. , Dhabhar Firdaus S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:In Vivo Versus in Vitro GlucocorticoidsNatural Versus Synthetic GlucocorticoidsCorticosteroid Receptor SubtypesCorticosteroid‐Binding GlobulinPhysiological Versus Nonphysiological Concentrations of GlucocorticoidsFactors Regulating Immune Cell Exposure to GlucocorticoidsFactors in the Absence of Immune ChallengeFactors in the Presence of Immune ChallengeDirect Effects of Glucocorticoids on Immune CellsMolecular Features of Intracellular Glucocorticoid ReceptorsRegulatory Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Expression of Immunologically Important GenesPossible Alternative Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid ActionStrategies for Assessing the Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System FunctionCircadian StudiesStress StudiesIn Vivo Secretagogue Stimulation StudiesAdrenalectomy and Glucocorticoid Replacement StudiesOther More Selective Manipulations of Glucocorticoid ActionGlucocorticoid Effects on Immune SubsystemsImmune Cell Maturation, Differentiation, and TurnoverImmune Cell TraffickingInflammationSeptic ShockT helper 1 and T helper 2 ResponseAntibody ProductionCytotoxicity and Delayed Type HypersensitivityGeneral Models of Glucocorticoid Regulation of the Immune SystemCounterregulatory Role of GlucocorticoidsRegulatory Role of GlucocorticoidsRegulatory Role of Glucocorticoids During StressBidirectional Regulatory Effects of Glucocorticoids
Social Ordering and Health
Authors: Coriell Marilee , Adler Nancy E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Evidence for the Socioeconomic Status and Health GradientSocioeconomic Status and MortalitySocioeconomic Status and MorbidityBiopsychosocial Model of Socioeconomic Status and DiseaseEnvironmental FactorsPsychological FactorsDifferential Exposure to StressPsycho‐Neuroendocrine‐Immune PathwaysSummary and Conclusions
Vanilloid Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors Driven by Virtual Screening‐Based QSAR Models
Authors: Rescigno Antonio , Casañola‐Martin Gerardo M. , Sanjust Enrico , Zucca Paolo , Marrero‐Ponce Yovani 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA number of vanilloids have been tested as tyrosinase inhibitors using Ligand‐Based Virtual Screening (LBVS) driven by QSAR (Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship) models as the multi‐agent classification system. A total of 81 models were used to screen this family. Then, a preliminary cluster analysis of the selected chemicals was carried out based on their bioactivity to detect possible similar substructural features among these compounds and the active database used in the QSAR model construction. The compounds identified were tested in vitro to corroborate the results obtained in silico. Among them, two chemicals, isovanillin (KMapp = 1.08 mM) near to kojic acid (reference drug) in one cluster and isovanillyl alcohol (KMapp = 0.88 mM) at the same distance as hydroquinone (reference drug) in another cluster showed inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. The algorithm proposed here could result in a suitable approach for faster and more effective identification of hit and/or lead compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, helping to shorten the long pipeline in the research of novel depigmenting agents to treat skin disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltammetric assay of anti‐anginal drug nicorandil in different solvents
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Yadav Rajeev Kumar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVoltammetric behaviour and assay of nicorandil were investigated using square‐wave and cyclic voltammetry. Voltammograms in Britton‐Robinson (BR) buffer exhibited one well‐defined and two merged reduction peaks. The influence of different buffers, electrolytes, pH, scan rates, and concentration of the drug on cathodic peak current was studied. On the basis of electrochemical behaviour of nicorandil, a direct square‐wave voltammetric procedure for quantitation of nicorandil has been developed and validated. The proposed square‐wave voltammetric method allows quantitation over the range 12.5–62.5 µg mL−1 with correlation coefficient of 0.992. The limit of quantification and limit of detection were 21.95 µg mL−1 and 6.58 µg mL−1, respectively. Precision and accuracy were also checked and found within limits. The developed square‐wave method has also been successfully applied for the determination of nicorandil in pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5′‐Phosphate oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the phosphodiester‐CpG DNA‐induced inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Yoshida Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Makiya , Kiyota Tsuyoshi , Uno Shota , Toyota Hiroyasu , Takahashi Rei , Narita Miwako , Takakura Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDying cells release genomic DNA into the surroundings where the DNA is first degraded to oligodeoxynucleotides, then to nucleotides, nucleosides and so on. Given that the unmethylated CpG dinucleotide (CpG motif), which is characteristic of bacterial DNA, is also contained in mammalian DNA and has been reported to be involved in the exacerbation of DNA‐associated autoimmune diseases, we investigated whether nucleotides and nucleosides affect immune responses to phosphodiester (PO)‐CpG DNA. Addition of non‐CpG DNA to RAW264.7, murine macrophage‐like cells, induced no significant TNF‐α production irrespective of treatment with DNase I; however, DNase I‐treated, but not untreated, non‐CpG DNA increased the PO‐CpG DNA‐mediated TNF‐α production. This increase was not observed with phosphorothioate‐CpG DNA or ligands for TLR3, TLR4 or TLR7. Deoxynucleotides with a 5′‐phosphate showed similar effects to those of DNase I‐treated non‐CpG DNA, but DNase II‐treated DNA or deoxynucleosides did not. Subcutaneous injection of PO‐CpG DNA into the mouse footpad induced little swelling of the paw; however, significant swelling was observed when DNase I‐treated DNA was co‐injected with PO‐CpG DNA. These results imply that PO‐CpG DNA‐dependent inflammatory responses are increased by DNA molecules with a 5′‐phosphate; such molecules could therefore be considered as exacerbating factors for CpG motif‐related inflammation.
Thermodynamic Properties and Stability of In‐Doped SrCeO3 Proton‐Conducting Ceramics
Authors: Matskevich Nata I. , Wolf Thomas , Chupakhina Tatiana I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe standard enthalpy of formation of SrCe0.5In0.5O2.75 has been determined by solution calorimetry by combiningthe solution enthalpies of SrCe0.5In0.5O2.75 and a SrCl2 + 0.5CeCl3 + 0.5InCl3 mixture in 1.0 M HCl with KI as a solvent at 298.15 K and literature data. The results show that SrCe0.5In0.5O3–δ is thermodynamically stable with respect to decomposition to binary oxides. Calculation of the Gibbs energies for the interaction of SrCe0.5In0.5O2.75 with aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide allows one to predict that SrCe0.5In0.5O2.75 does not react with Al2O3 or ZrO2 at ambient temperatures.
ModifiedB‐Alkylcatecholboranes as Radical Precursors
Authors: Lüthy Monique , Darmency Vincent , Renaud Philippe 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGeneration of radicals fromB‐alkylcatecholboranes represents an efficient tin‐free procedure for the generation of alkyl radicals. A modified version of this method has been developed. The simple catechol is replaced by a dihydroxylated tetrahydroisoquinoline, which can be separated from the reaction products by simple extraction with an aqueous acid solution. The modified alkyl radical precursors are easily prepared from alkenes by hydroboration with BH3·Me2S followed by treatment with the dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline. The new alkylboronates of this type are suitable radical precursors in a wide range of reactions such as sulfenylation, allylation, alkynylation, vinylation, and addition to quinones. This strategy is particularly useful when separation of reaction products from catechol residues is problematic, as illustrated by a radical addition to 1,4‐benzoquinone leading to 2‐alkyl‐1,4‐hydroquinones.
Trends in nonpolar polymer‐based monolithic columns for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Karenga Samuel , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis review article is concerned with describing the various strategies that have been introduced for the preparation of nonpolar polymer‐based monolithic columns for RP‐CEC. First, the various traditional ways of generating the EOF that involved the introduction of fixed charges on the surface of the monoliths are reviewed. This is followed by a description of the development of neutral monoliths as the most promising monoliths for the separation of a wide range of neutral and charged species at a relatively moderate to strong EOF in the absence of electrostatic attraction or repulsion.
Records of land use and medieval settlement history in Vuonninen, Dvina Karelia, Northwest Russia
Authors: Alenius Teija , Saarnisto Matti , Taavitsainen Jussi‐Pekka , Lunkka Juha‐Pekka 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough the documented history of Dvina Karelia (northern Russian Karelia) does not begin until the second half of the 16th century, individual finds of prehistoric artifacts point to earlier human occupation. The present paleoecological study of the Vuonninen area is the first of its kind concerning prehistoric land use in Dvina Karelia, a large region extending from Finland to the White Sea. It is based on the pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Ylä‐Kuittijärvi near the old Karelian village of Vuonninen. In its general features, the picture of the early stages of cultivation and human activity in the village of Vuonninen is comparable to results from East Finland, the Karelian Isthmus, and the northern shores of Lake Ladoga. The first, minor indications of human influence appear in the sediments of the 4th–6th centuries A.D. in Lake Kuittijärvi. Distinct and unambiguous signs of human activity appear in the pollen record in the 12th century. This is particularly evident in the decreasing proportion of Picea, caused by the clearance of spruce forest. The beginning of cultivation is dated according to Secale pollen to the beginning of the 15th century. Intensive arable farming emerges in the early 19th century in the form of regular occurrences of Secale and Hordeum pollen. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.