bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snacking while watching TV impairs food recall and promotes food intake on a later TV free test meal
Authors: Mittal Dolly , Stevenson Richard J. , Oaten Megan J. , Miller Laurie A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEating while viewing TV may impair memory of food intake and promote over‐consumption on a later meal. In Experiment 1, females ate a similar amount of snack–food either with or without TV. Later, participants who had snacked with TV ate more food on a TV‐free lunch and were less accurate in recalling their earlier snack–food intake. Experiment 2 explored whether the nature of the TV content might alter these effects. Using a similar design, females watched boring, sad or funny TV, or no‐TV at all. Relative to the no‐TV control, all TV while snacking conditions ate a similarly greater amount on the later TV‐free test lunch. Recall accuracy for the snack phase was also similarly poorer in all TV conditions. These findings suggest that eating with TV per se impacts on later food intake, and a mnemonic‐based explanation seems to be the best account for these findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Risk reduction in a chronic inflammatory disease
Authors: Wasko Mary Chester , Kay Jonathan , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Rahman Mahboob U. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic literature review of the potential association among molecular markers of inflammation, alterations in body composition, and insulin resistance (IR), a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. To determine the impact of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) as a pivotal proinflammatory cytokine in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and RA, and the effect of antirheumatic drugs on glycemic control.MethodsWe performed a search of PubMed to identify articles on IR and body habitus in patients with RA.ResultsPatients with RA had characteristics placing them at high risk for IR and type 2 DM. The incidence and prevalence of type 2 DM in RA was not clearly increased compared with the general population; however, studies suggested that patients with RA are likely to have IR and have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of type 2 DM and IR could be estimated from reports of risk factors for CVD in RA patients. The TNFα antagonists provided rapid and effective control of RA‐related inflammation. Evidence indicated that extended use of TNFα antagonists in RA may provide the additional benefit of improving insulin sensitivity. These treatment‐related changes may contribute to an overall reduction in the risk of type 2 DM and CVD in RA patients.ConclusionControlling inflammation may improve insulin sensitivity and subsequently reduce the risk of developing type 2 DM in RA patients. This may also reduce the risk of CVD in this high‐risk group. Future studies are required to elucidate the relationships between inflammation, body composition, IR, TNFα antagonist use, and the risk of developing type 2 DM in RA patients.
Exercise programs in trials for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Do they really have the potential for effectiveness?
Authors: Dagfinrud Hanne , Halvorsen Silje , Vøllestad Nina K. , Niedermann Karin , Kvien Tore K. , Hagen Kåre B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if exercise programs in trials for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have the potential for effectiveness.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed and randomized trials examining the effectiveness of exercise programs for AS patients were analyzed according to 3 elements: whether the exercise programs were designed according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for developing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility; whether physiologic responses were properly measured; and whether adherence to programs was monitored.ResultsTwelve trials with a total of 826 AS patients were evaluated. Five trials included cardiorespiratory exercise as a part of the exercise programs. One of these met the ACSM recommendations for intensity, duration, frequency, and length of the exercise period. This trial showed the greatest within‐group improvement in aerobic capacity (effect size [ES] 2.19). Five trials included muscular strength training, but none measured the physiologic responses nor met the recommendations for improving muscular strength. Eleven trials included flexibility training, but the programs were poorly described overall. Small improvements in spinal mobility (ES range 0.02–0.67) were reported in all trials. Finally, 4 trials reported on participants' adherence to the exercise programs, but only 1 provided sufficient information to evaluate the possible influence of the adherence.ConclusionThe quality of interventions in exercise trials for patients with AS can be improved. Future trials should also focus on measuring and reporting physiologic responses and adherence to exercise interventions.
Modeling smoking in systemic sclerosis: A comparison of different statistical approaches
Authors: Hudson Marie , Lo Ernest , Baron Murray , Steele Russell ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of different methods of modeling smoking on vascular outcomes in rheumatic diseases.MethodsData from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry were used. Patients self‐reported their smoking history. Vascular outcomes were severity of Raynaud's phenomenon, presence of finger ulcers, and severity of finger ulcers. Several models were developed to capture the experience of smoking: 1) ever compared to never smoking; 2) current and past smoking compared to never smoking; 3) never, past, and current smoking compared using polynomial contrasts; 4) smoking intensity, duration, and time since cessation assessed separately; and 5) smoking modeled using the Comprehensive Smoking Index (CSI), which integrates intensity, duration, and time since cessation into a single covariate.ResultsThis study included 606 patients, of which 16% were current, 42% were past, and 42% were never smokers. Current and past smokers smoked a mean ± SD of 25 ± 17 and 17 ± 18 pack‐years, respectively. Smoking duration was shorter in past compared to current smokers (18.3 versus 31.7 years). Past smokers reported having stopped smoking approximately mean ± SD 16 ± 12 years prior, although this ranged from 1 to 50 years. Smoking had no effect on vascular outcomes in the simplest model comparing ever to never smokers. Models that isolated past smokers revealed the presence of a healthy smoker bias in that group. The model using the CSI demonstrated a strong negative effect of smoking on vascular outcomes.ConclusionProper modeling of the effect of smoking is essential in studies of vascular outcomes of rheumatic diseases.
Mechanically Switchable Biocide Plasma‐Polymer Coatings for Biomaterials
Authors: Airoudj Aissam , Kulaga Emilia , Roucoules Vincent , Ploux Lydie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSilver nanoparticles are enclosed between two plasma‐polymer layers. We show that the second cross‐linked plasma‐polymer network acts as a barrier and significantly reduces the delivery of the silver nanoparticles into a surrounding aqueous environment. When the film is stretched, cracks appear in the plasma‐polymer layer, which allow an increase in the release of the silver. When the system returns to its initial length, the release is reduced because of the cracks' closure. The principle is described and the release of silver is evaluated under mechanical stimuli cycles. The antibacterial effect is stopped by the barrier of the plasma‐polymer layer but restored by stretching the coated material.
Microscopic and Nanoscopic Three‐Phase‐Boundaries of Platinum Thin‐Film Electrodes on YSZ Electrolyte
Authors: Ryll Thomas , Galinski Henning , Schlagenhauf Lukas , Elser Pierre , Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Bieberle‐Hutter Anja , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAgglomerated Pt thin films have been proposed as electrodes for electrochemical devices like micro‐solid oxide fuel cells (μ‐SOFCs) operating at low temperatures. However, comprehensive studies elucidating the interplay between agglomeration state and electrochemical properties are lacking. In this contribution the electrochemical performance of agglomerated and “dense” Pt thin film electrodes on yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ) is correlated with their microstructural characteristics. Besides the microscopically measurable triple‐phase‐boundary (tpb) where Pt, YSZ and air are in contact, a considerable contribution of “nanoscopic” tpbs to the electrode conductivity resulting from oxygen permeable grain boundaries is identified. It is demonstrated that “dense” Pt thin films are excellent electrodes provided their grain size and thickness are in the nanometer range. The results disprove the prevailing idea that the performance of Pt thin film electrodes results from microscopic and geometrically measurable tpbs only.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with a White‐Emitting Molecule: Emission Mechanism and Device Characteristics
Authors: Kim Se Hun , Park Sanghyuk , Kwon Ji Eon , Park Soo Young 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe unique and unprecedented electroluminescence behavior of the white‐emitting molecule 3‐(1‐(4‐(4‐(2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenoxy)phenyl)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (W1), fluorescence emission from which is controlled by the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is investigated. W1 is composed of covalently linked blue‐ and yellow‐color emitting ESIPT moieties between which energy transfer is entirely frustrated. It is demonstrated that different emission colors (blue, yellow, and white) can be generated from the identical emitter W1 in organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. Charge trapping mechanism is proposed to explain such a unique color‐tuned emission from W1. Finally, the device structure to create a color‐stable, color reproducible, and simple‐structured white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) using W1 is investigated. The maximum luminance efficiency, power efficiency, and luminance of the WOLED were 3.10 cd A−1, 2.20 lm W−1, 1 092 cd m−2, respectively. The WOLED shows white‐light emission with the Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (0.343, 0.291) at a current level of 10 mA cm−2. The emission color is high stability, with a change of the CIE chromaticity coordinates as small as (0.028, 0.028) when the current level is varied from 10 to 100 mA cm−2.
One‐Pot Conversion of L‐Threonine into L‐Homoalanine: Biocatalytic Production of an Unnatural Amino Acid from a Natural One
Authors: Park Eulsoo , Kim Minji , Shin Jong‐Shik 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel biocatalytic process for production of L‐homoalanine from L‐threonine has been developed using coupled enzyme reactions consisting of a threonine deaminase (TD) and an ω‐transaminase (ω‐TA). TD catalyzes the dehydration/deamination of L‐threonine, leading to the generation of 2‐oxobutyrate which is asymmetrically converted to L‐homoalanine via transamination with benzylamine executed by ω‐TA. To make up the coupled reaction system, we cloned and overexpressed a TD from Escherichia coli and an (S)‐specific ω‐TA from Paracoccus denitrificans. In the coupled reactions, L‐threonine serves as a precursor of 2‐oxobutyrate for the ω‐TA reaction, eliminating the need for employing the expensive oxo acid as a starting reactant. In contrast to α‐transaminase reactions in which use of amino acids as an exclusive amino donor limits complete conversion, amines are exploited in the ω‐TA reaction and thus maximum conversion could reach 100%. The ω‐TA‐only reaction with 10 mM 2‐oxobutyrate and 20 mM benzylamine resulted in 94% yield of optically pure L‐homoalanine (ee>99%). However, the ω‐TA‐only reaction did not produce any detectable amount of L‐homoalanine from 10 mM L‐threonine and 20 mM benzylamine, whereas the ω‐TA reaction coupled with TD led to 91% conversion of L‐threonine to L‐homoalanine.
Biochemical specificity of von economo neurons in hominoids
Authors: Stimpson Cheryl D. , Tetreault Nicole A. , Allman John M. , Jacobs Bob , Butti Camilla , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives: Von Economo neurons (VENs) are defined by their thin, elongated cell body and long dendrites projecting from apical and basal ends. These distinctive neurons are mostly present in anterior cingulate (ACC) and fronto‐insular (FI) cortex, with particularly high densities in cetaceans, elephants, and hominoid primates (i.e., humans and apes). This distribution suggests that VENs contribute to specializations of neural circuits in species that share both large brain size and complex social cognition, possibly representing an adaptation to rapidly relay socially‐relevant information over long distances across the brain. Recent evidence indicates that unique patterns of protein expression may also characterize VENs, particularly involving molecules that are known to regulate gut and immune function.Methods: In this study, we used quantitative stereologic methods to examine the expression of three such proteins that are localized in VENs—activating‐transcription factor 3 (ATF3), interleukin 4 receptor (IL4Rα), and neuromedin B (NMB). We quantified immunoreactivity against these proteins in different morphological classes of ACC layer V neurons of hominoids.Results:Among the different neuron types analyzed (pyramidal, VEN, fork, enveloping, and other multipolar), VENs showed the greatest percentage that displayed immunostaining. Additionally, a higher proportion of VENs in humans were immunoreactive to ATF3, IL4Rα, and NMB than in other apes. No other ACC layer V neuron type displayed a significant species difference in the percentage of immunoreactive neurons.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that phylogenetic variation exists in the protein expression profile of VENs, suggesting that humans might have evolved biochemical specializations for enhanced interoceptive sensitivity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social and developmental influences on urinary androgen levels in young male white‐faced marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi)
Authors: Birnie Andrew K. , Smith Adam S. , Nali Camila , French Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCallitrichine primates (marmosets and tamarins) often remain in their natal groups beyond the time of sexual maturity. Although studies have characterized the development of female reproductive function in callitrichine offspring, less is known about the male reproductive development. To document reproductive development in male marmosets, we monitored urinary androgen (uA) excretion in males housed in a captive colony of white‐faced marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi). Young male marmosets showed relatively low and stable rates of uA excretion early in life, with elevated production at the end of the juvenile period (9–10 months) and again at the onset of adulthood (16 months). uA levels of adult breeding males were also measured to compare to adult‐aged sons. Although breeding males did have higher uA levels than their adult‐aged sons, these differences did not reach conventional levels of significance. Evidence from some other reports has suggested that androgen levels of males in other species are influenced by social factors, such as the presence of a sexually receptive female or of dependent offspring. In this study, however, uA levels did not vary, based on their mothers' pregnancy status or the presence of younger siblings in the natal group. Patterns of androgen excretion in the white‐faced marmoset roughly reflect those of other callitrichine species. Furthermore, unlike callitrichine daughters, gonadal activity in sons does not seem to be sensitive to within‐group social cues. Am. J. Primatol. 73:378–385, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of succinylation on the properties of cast films from red bean protein isolate at various plasticizer levels
Authors: Tang Chuan‐He , Xiao Ming‐Li , Chen Zhong , Yang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effects of succinylation at three anhydride levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g g−1) on the properties of cast films from red bean protein isolate (RPI) at three glycerol levels of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g g−1 were investigated. The tested properties included tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB), surface hydrophobicity, moisture content (MC), total soluble matter (TSM), water vapor transmission rate, and permeability (WVTR and WVP), permeability coefficient of oil (PO). The results showed that the succinylation greatly improved the mechanical properties (especially the EB), but decreased the surface hydrophobicity of cast films. The MC, TSM, WVTR, WVP, and PO were considerably increased by the succinylation. The size exclusion chromatography analysis indicated that the succinylation resulted in protein aggregation or association, and transformation of insoluble precipitates (initially present) to soluble protein components. The dependence of the influence of succinylation upon some selected properties on the plasticizer level suggests interactions between introduced anionic succinic moieties and the hydroxyl groups of the plasticizer. These results suggest that the succinylation treatment could be applied to modify the mechanical properties of legume proteins, especially in the case that requires excellent flexibility of cast films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Age‐ and task‐dependent foraging gene expression in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Tobback Julie , Mommaerts Veerle , Vandersmissen Hans Peter , Smagghe Guy , Huybrechts Roger 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn eusocial insects, the division of labor within a colony, based on either age or size, is correlated with a differential foraging (for) gene expression and PKG activity. This article presents in the first part a study on the for gene, encoding a cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Cloning of the open reading frame allowed phylogenetic tracing, which showed conservation of PKGs among social insects. Our results confirm the proposed role for PKGs in division of labor. Btfor gene expression is significantly higher in the larger foragers compared with the smaller sized nurses. More importantly, we discovered an age‐related decrease in Btfor expression in both nursing and foraging bumblebees. We therefore speculate that the presence of BtFOR is required for correct adaptation to new external stimuli and rapid learning for foraging. In a second series of experiments, worker bumblebees of B. terrestris were treated with two insecticides imidacloprid and kinoprene, which have shown to cause impaired foraging behavior. Compared with controls, only the latter treatment resulted in a decreased Btfor expression, which concurs with a stimulation of ovarian growth and a shift in labor toward nest‐related tasks. The data are discussed in relation to Btfor expression in the complex physiological event of foraging and side‐effects by pesticides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bisphenol A: developmental toxicity from early prenatal exposurea
Authors: Golub Mari S. , Wu Katherine Lily , Kaufman Farla L. , Li Ling‐Hong , Moran‐Messen Francisco , Zeise Lauren , Alexeeff George V. , Donald James M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been documented in pregnant women, but consequences for development are not yet widely studied in human populations. This review presents research on the consequences for offspring of BPA exposure during pregnancy. Extensive work in laboratory rodents has evaluated survival and growth of the conceptus, interference with embryonic programs of development, morphological sex differentiation, sex differentiation of the brain and behavior, immune responsiveness, and mechanism of action. Sensitive measures include RAR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and Hox A10 gene expression, anogenital distance, sex differentiation of affective and exploratory behavior, and immune hyperresponsiveness. Many BPA effects are reported at low doses (10–50 µg/kg d range) by the oral route of administration. At high doses (>500,000 µg/kg d) fetal viability is compromised. Much of the work has centered around the implications of the estrogenic actions of this agent. Some work related to thyroid mechanism of action has also been explored. BPA research has actively integrated current knowledge of developmental biology, concepts of endocrine disruption, and toxicological research to provide a basis for human health risk assessment. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:441–466, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing key capabilities in child care and protection
Authors: Bruce Margaret , Whincup Helen 
Published: December 2010

Over the last 20 years, research has questioned how well equipped newly qualified social workers are in relation to child care and protection. Recent inquiries have highlighted that some social workers have not recognised their responsibilities towards children and young people when they encounter them in the course of their duties. In England, Lord Laming's (2009) report The Protection of Children in England, following the death of Peter Connelly in Haringey, recommended a specialist child protection route as part of the social work degree and re‐opened the debate about the benefits of specialism versus genericism. In Scotland, when faced with similar challenges, Key Capabilities in Child Care and Protection were introduced to ensure that all social workers at the point of qualifying can evidence their knowledge and skills in relation to child care and protection. This paper describes their development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Introduced to ensure that all social workers at the point of qualifying can evidence their knowledge and skills’
Chiral and Extended π‐Conjugated Bis(2‐pyridyl)phospholes as Assembling N,P,N Pincers for Coordination‐Driven Synthesis of Supramolecular [2,2]Paracyclophane Analogues
Authors: Aranda Perez Ana Isabel , Biet Thomas , Graule Sébastien , Agou Tomohiro , Lescop Christophe , Branda Neil R. , Crassous Jeanne , Réau Régis 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChiral, π‐conjugated 3,4‐butano‐1‐phenyl‐2,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)phosphole derivatives 1 a2,2′ and 1 a3 with chiral trans‐1,2‐diol moieties and fused pinene derivatives, respectively, were prepared from the corresponding chiral diynes by using the Fagan–Nugent method. Their UV/Vis absorption and chiroptical properties (optical rotation and circular dichroism) were studied. Their behavior as N,P,N chelates towards coordination of CuI and formation of chiral supramolecular assemblies with π‐conjugated ditopic dicyano ligands was investigated. Chiral C2‐symmetric rectangles that are [2,2]paracyclophane analogues were obtained, as demonstrated by X‐ray crystallography. During the course of this study, the first stable water‐soluble phosphole derivative (1 a2⋅2 HCl) was prepared. Furthermore, achiral 3,4‐butano‐1‐phenyl‐2,5‐bis(aza[4]helicene)phosphole 1 a4 was synthesized and displays extended π conjugation. A supramolecular rectangle was obtained by coordination to CuI and assembly with a dicyano stilbene. This coordination‐driven supramolecular assembly contains a total of four aza[4]helicene moieties and displays two types of π–π stacking interactions in the solid state, that is, between two helicene moieties and between one helicene and a bridging dicyano ligand. All the supramolecular arrangements are discussed by comparing them with previous work on the parent 3,4‐butano‐1‐phenyl‐2,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)phosphole.