bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The knowledge, acceptance, and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among caregivers seen in a pediatric outpatient department and immunization clinic
Authors: Mohammed Abdulsalam , Aliyu Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Feeding a newborn infant with his or her mother's breast milk only or from a wet nurse without giving other liquids up to the age of 6 months is called exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The promotion of EBF for the first 6 months of infant's life is the most effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and medium-income countries. Despite several efforts to promote EBF, its practice has remained poor in many Sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria. EBF practice is to a large extent influenced by the maternal knowledge and attitudes as well as sociodemographic and cultural factors.

Objective:
To determine the knowledge, acceptance, and practice of EBF among caregivers in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving mothers who were currently breastfeeding at the time of the study or who had stopped breastfeeding not later than 2 years. Questionnaires were administered to breastfeeding mothers or fathers who knew the breastfeeding attitude of their wives during visits to the outpatient unit or immunization clinic. The age, sex, educational status, occupation, awareness, understanding of EBF, acceptance, practice, and benefits of EBF, and distance from health facility were explored from the caregivers.

Results:
Two hundred and seventy caregivers were studied of which 30 (11.1%) were male and 240 (88.9%) were female. The male-to-female ratio was 1:8 and the age ranges from 19 to 60 years with a mean of 29.4 and standard deviation of ±7.36. Majority of the caregivers (134, 49.6%) had tertiary level of education, while 79 (29.3%) had secondary education. Majority of the caregivers had good awareness and perception of EBF (77% and 51.5%, respectively). The EBF practice rate among the respondents was 68.52%. Caregivers with tertiary and secondary levels of education had good awareness and perception of EBF (χ
2 = 48.628, P = 0.000; and χ2 = 49.106, P = 0.000, respectively). They also had good acceptance and practice of EBF (χ
2 = 35.897, P = 0.000; and (χ
2 = 17.999, P = 0.001, respectively). There were more awareness and perception of EBF among health workers and teachers (χ
2 = 33.972, P = 0.000; and (χ
2 = 12.925, P = 0.005, respectively). They also accepted and practiced EBF significantly (χ
2 = 16.867, P = 0.001; and χ2 = 16.736, P = 0.001). Proximity to health facility had a significant impact on awareness, acceptance, and practice of EBF by the caregivers (χ
2 = 17.391, P = 0.002; χ
2 = 14.263, P = 0.007; and χ
2 = 9.802, P = 0.044, respectively).

Conclusion:
Educational level, occupation, and proximity to health facility have positive impact on awareness, perception, acceptance, and practice of EBF among caregivers in Kano. Therefore, there is need to educate and empower women and make health facilities accessible to them to support, promote, and protect EBF in our communities.
Comparison of plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices among hypertensives with or without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Olamoyegun Michael Adeyemi , Ala Oluwabukola Ayodele , Iwuala Sandra Ozozehio , Fawale Bimbola Michael 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Several atherogenic indices derived from the lipid profiles are postulated to better detect dyslipidemias and predict the risk of having cardiovascular events even in the presence of insignificant changes in individual lipid parameters.

Objective:
To compare the lipid ratios and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) to conventional atherogenic indices among hypertensive type 2 diabetics to hypertensive nondiabetes (HND) controls.

Materials and Methods:
A case–control study in which 210 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension (hypertensive-diabetic [HD]) compared with 150 (n = 155) hypertensive without diabetes (HND) with similar ages were enrolled. Blood samples for fasting lipid profile were collected and analyzed, and the following indices and ratios were calculated: (TC/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]), (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C), (HDL-C/LDL-C), and AIP. The indices were compared in both the participants and control group.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics of HD compared to the HND except the systolic blood pressure, weight, and HDL-C which were lower in the HND group. The frequency of dyslipidemia was found to be significantly higher in the HD group except elevated LDL-C in males (25.8% vs. 17.4%, χ
2 = 0.055, respectively). Furthermore, all the lipid ratios, except (Castelli risk index II [CRI– II] were found to be significantly different among HD as compared to HND group (P = 0.002, P = 0.045, respectively).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that Nigerians with both type 2 diabetes and hypertension have worse dyslipidemia and abnormal lipid ratios compared to those with only hypertension.
Incidental sinus findings in brain MRI for suspected intracranial disease
Authors: Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Okolugbo Nekwu E. , Ogholoh Oghenetejiri D. , Kogha Nicholas , Bemigho-Odonmeta Amenaghawon P. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The incidental finding of a paranasal sinus (PNS) abnormality on imaging may lead to early detection of sinus pathologies. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for evaluation of the PNSs.

Objectives:
The objectives were to determine the prevalence, site, and type of abnormalities in the PNSs of a Nigerian population who had brain MRI for suspected intracranial disease and unrelated sinus disease.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. Radiology request forms, images, and reports of consecutive patients referred for brain MRI for suspected intracranial disease from January 2018 to December 2019 were studied. Abnormalities detected were complete mucosal opacification, mucosal thickening, collection with air–fluid level, and retention cyst/polyp.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
Four hundred and seventy-nine patients were referred for brain MRI between January 2018 and December 2019. The prevalence of sinus abnormality detected incidentally was 26.7%. The maxillary sinus was the most frequently involved sinus. Fluid collection with air–fluid level was the most common abnormality. There was no significant relationship between the sinus abnormalities with age and sex.

Conclusions:
The prevalence rate of abnormal sinus findings on brain MRI is 26.7% in this study, buttressing that morphological changes in the PNSs are frequently encountered incidentally on imaging; hence, there is a need to obtain a relevant history of sinus pathology from patients undergoing brain imaging to aid prompt diagnosis of subclinical sinus disease and achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Effect of Environmental Immunity on Mathematical Modeling of Malaria Transmission between Vector and Host Population
Authors: Olutimo A. L. , Mbah N. U. , Abass F. A. , Adeyanju A. A. 
Published: May 2024

The effect of environmental immunity on the mathematical modeling of malaria transmission between vector and host population is investigated in this study using appropriate standard procedures. We develop a mathematical SIR-SI model incorporating environmental immunity parameters to describe the dynamics transmission rates of both humans and vectors with the assumption that an individual develops environmental immunity on the infected and recovered classes. The model is analyzed by the reproduction number derived using the next-generation matrix method and its stability is checked by Jacobian matrix. We demonstrate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if ( – reproduction number) and is unstable if . Numerical simulation indicates that, with acquired environmental immunity due to nutrition and medicinal herbs, the spread of malaria can be significantly impacted by increasing the recovered class and lowering the infected class.
Preliminary characterization of PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers as potential drug delivery system
Authors: Ugwu A. A. , Nnamani P. O. , Attama A. A. 
Published: May 2024

This study is a preliminary characterization of PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers as potential drug delivery system using appropriate standard methods. DSC traces showed that PEG 4000 was the most crystalline of all the lipids and Softisan® 154 was the least crystalline due to high enthalpy (-36mW/mg) and low enthalpy (-8.9 mW/mg) respectively. It was noticeable that the endothermic peak heights of PEGylated lipid matrix became smaller compared with the original starting lipid. All demonstrated good potentials for use as nanostructured lipid carrier drug delivery system but LMA, LMB and LMC turned to be the preferred in other of better thermal activity. SEM analysis revealed evidence of coarse structure amorphous than the individual lipidic systems. By implication showed increase drug loading capacity, it follows that that PEGylated nanostructured might be employed as NLCs carriers to serve as alternative transdermal delivery systems to improve the solubility of some poorly soluble drugs.
Analysis Of Knowledge Management Maturity Level Based On Iso 30401 And Quality Management System To Reduce The Number Of Pt Xx Customer Complaints
Authors: Safira Nadya , Andhika Rully 
Published: May 2024

PT XX is a precast concrete manufacturer that has developed its business in some product and service fields. However, not all businesses run smoothly, as seen by the increasing trend in customer complaints over the last four years, which can reduce customer trust. This research will discuss the measurement of Knowledge Management Maturity Level based on ISO 30401 and the quality management system as a strategy for facing global competitive conditions in the future so that leaders can develop effective strategies to reduce loss of organizational knowledge and customer complaints that occur due to failure in knowledge management. This research aims to obtain tools to measure knowledge management maturity in companies that supply products and services in the construction sector so that management can develop strategies to reduce customer complaints. In several previous studies, knowledge management maturity levels were usually measured in contracting companies, both private and state-owned, to prevent construction failures, but this research was carried out on companies that supply products and services to contractors. The research methods used include literature studies, expert validation, and questionnaires. The results of this research are ten research sub-variables with 41 indicators as the tools for assessing the knowledge management maturity level. This research used these tools in PT XX as a supplier in the construction sector. This research shows that the knowledge maturity of PT XX is at level 4, where the organization has managed knowledge well and can be said to be mature. This result is already validated by experts who work in that company.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN PIJAT PERINEUM UNTUK MENGURANGI RUPTUR PERINEUM SAAT PERSALINAN DI KLINIK PRATAMA RATNA KOMALA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Nisa Hainun 
Published: May 2024

Pendahuluan: ketegangan pada otot otot dasar panggul yang berperan dalam proses persalinan sering mengakibatkan terjadinya robekan perineum, terutama pada persalinan primigravida . ini dikarenakan pada primigravida jalan lahir belum dilalui oleh kepala janin. Untuk mengurangi robekan perineum terutama derajat 2 dan derajat 3 terdapat suatu metode yang sangat sederhana dan singkat yaitu metode pijat perineum. Ketegangan otot perineum dan mental ibu hamil dapat dikurangisaat perawatan prenatal yaitu dengan kegiatan pijat perineum yang teratur selama kehamilan sampai saat melahirkan. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan penerapan pijat perineum untuk mengurangi ruptur perineum saat persalinan dengan ibu bersalin yang ikut kelas penerapan pijat perineum. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni – Juli 2018. Dimana dilakukan pengambilan data ibu bersalin dan melakukan observasi juga penyebaran kuesioner. Dengan menggunakan tehnik Purpose Sampling. Dimana responden berjumlah 33 responden. Hasil : ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penerapan pijat perineum untuk mengurangi ruptur perineum saat persalinan di klinik pratama ratna komala ( p Value sama dengan 0,002). Kesimpulan: Pijat perineum efektif untuk mengurangi ruptur perineum
The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Advertising»: the possibility of its changes
Authors: Шишимбаева С.С. , Қарақожаев О.С. 
Published: May 2024

В статье дается анализ Закона Республики Казахстан «О рекламе». Цель исследования заключается в даче предложений и рекомендаций для совершенствования Закона Республики Казахстан «О рекламе». Для этого использованы сравнительный, формально-юридический методы, метод структурного анализа и проблемно-теоретический прием исследования.
Мақалада «Жарнама туралы» Қазақстан Республикасының Заңына талдау жасалады. Зерттеудің мақсаты «Жарнама туралы» Қазақстан Республикасының заңын жетілдіру үшін ұсыныстар мен ұсынымдар беру болып табылады. Бұл үшін салыстыру, формальды құқықтық және құрылымдық талдау тәсілдері, мәселелі-теориялық зерттеу тәсілі қолданылды
The article analyzes the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Advertising». The purpose of the study is to provide suggestions and recommendations for improving the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Advertising». For this purpose, comparative, formal-legal methods, the method of structural analysis and the problem-theoretical method of research were used.
Вопросы правовой идентификации цифровых активов в контексте объектов гражданских прав
Authors: Kaishataeva A.K. , Bokayev Zh.T. 
Published: May 2024

Digitalization is an integral part of all processes of modern life. Digital rights, digital assets, cryptocurrencies are the tools without which the development of the modern economy is impossible. At the same time, the development of digital tools, along with positive impacts, can also lead to negative consequences. Effective legal regulation of these objects, a reasonable definition of their legal nature and based on this adequate application of existing legal mechanisms is an important task for any state. In this article, we propose to consider the legal possibilities for identifying digital assets as objects of civil rights, by understanding the features of digital assets. The study aims to explore factors that indicate that the application of digital asset technologies, including blockchains and cryptocurrencies, requires a rethinking of the traditional understanding of property rights.
Цифрландыру қазіргі өмірдің барлық процестерінің ажырамас бөлігі болып табылады. Цифрлық құқықтар, цифрлық активтер, криптовалюталар қазіргі заманғы экономиканың дамуы мүмкін емес құралдар болып табылады. Сонымен қатар, цифрлық құралдарды дамыту оң әсерлермен қатар жағымсыз салдарға да әкелуі мүмкін. Бұл объектілерді тиімді құқықтық реттеу, олардың құқықтық табиғатын негізді анықтау және осыған негізделген қолданыстағы құқықтық тетіктерді барабар қолдану кез келген мемлекет үшін маңызды міндет болып табылады. Бұл мақалада цифрлық активтердің ерекшеліктерін түсіне отырып, цифрлық активтерді азаматтық құқықтар объектілері ретінде анықтаудың заңды мүмкіндіктерін қарастыруды ұсынамыз. Зерттеу блокчейндер мен криптовалюталарды қоса алғанда, цифрлық активтер технологияларын қолдану меншік құқығының дәстүрлі түсінігін қайта қарауды талап ететін факторларды зерттеуге бағытталған
Неотъемлемой частью всех процессов современной жизни является цифровизация. Цифровые права, цифровые активы, криптовалюта есть инструменты, без которых невозможно развитие современной экономики. При этом развитие цифровых инструментов наряду с положительным влиянием, может привести и к негативным последствиям. Эффективное правовое регулирование этих объектов, разумное определение их юридической сущности и основанное на этом адекватное применение имеющихся правовых механизмов - есть важная задача для любого государства. В данной статье мы предлагаем рассмотреть юридические возможности идентификации цифровых активов как объектов гражданских прав, разобравшись в особенностях цифровых активов. Исследование направлено на изучение факторов, указывающих, что применение технологий цифровых активов, включая блокчейны и криптовалюту, требует переосмысления традиционного понимания прав собственности
Родительские права и обязанности в отношении детей.
Authors: Даулетбекова Г.А. 
Published: May 2024

«Ата-аналар мен балалардың арасындағы құқықтық қатынастар» ата-аналардың және балалардың құқықтары мен міндеттері туындауының негіздері, ата-аналардың және балалардың құқықтары мен міндеттері балалардың заңмен белгіленген тәртіппен куәландырылған белгілі бір әке мен шешеден туатындығы болып табылады.
«Правоотношения между родителями и детьми» основаниями возникновения прав и обязанностей родителей и детей являются то, что права и обязанности родителей и детей рождаются от определенного отца и матери, которые удостоверяются в установленном законом порядке.
"Legal relations between parents and children" is the basis for the emergence of the rights and obligations of parents and children, the rights and obligations of parents and children are the fact that children are born from a certain father and mother, certified in accordance with the procedure established by law.
The Self-Sabotage Cycle
Authors: Hermes Patricia , Rosner Stanley 
Published: May 2024

A 12-year-old boy vows he will never do to his future family what his father did by leaving the boy, his sister and mother. Yet, 30 years later, the boy now a man leaves his own family. A young woman who's broken off an abusive relationship is now attracted to the same kind of personality in a potential boyfriend. And an attorney who grew up with an impossible-to-please father takes a job in a firm where the boss thinks praise is never productive. These are the kind of repetitive cycles that Stanley Rosner has seen time and again in his practice across 40 years as a clinical psychologist. A past president of the Connecticut Psychological Association, Rosner examines in this book whether there is for some people a compulsion to repeat self-destructive acts, and what the foundation for that compulsion might be, as well as how it can be changed to afford better, happier living.
Assisted by popular author Patricia Hermes, Rosner offers many eye-opening vignettes from his therapy rooms, showing us clearly how early life events can create unconscious dilemmas that move us to repeat the situation in other forms. He aims to show us how we can resolve the issues that linger, explaining how to recognize these issues, then move forward to put them to rest in ways that are not self-sabotaging. What I have to offer, says Rosner, is the opportunity for change.
A Short History of Taiwan
Authors: Davison Gary M. 
Published: May 2024

This concise account of Taiwan's history makes a cogent, compelling argument for the right of the Taiwanese people to declare their nation independent, if they so choose. Davison's bold stand—unprecedented from a Western author—challenges the one China notion advanced in the Shanghai Communique of 1972 and states unequivocally that, should independence be proclaimed, it could only be taken away by force if the international community sides with contemporary might over historical right. He argues that the possible conflict could be sufficiently incendiary to induce a major military clash between the United States, the People's Republic of China, and other major powers.
Davison lets the facts of Taiwanese history make the case for Taiwan's existence as a unique national entity. A historical overview details the circumstances under which the Qing dynasty made its 17th century claim on the island, the events that led to cession to Japan in 1895, the origins of the Guomindang occupation during the Chinese Civil War, and the dramatic election of March 2000 that brought the Democratic Progressive Party's Chen Shuibian to office, ending Guomindang domination. After centuries of outsider domination, and over a hundred years of disconnection from any government exercising power over all of mainland China, the Taiwanese people are in a position to make a decision for national independence based on solid historical evidence.
Understanding The Grapes of Wrath
Authors: Johnson Claudia Durst 
Published: May 2024

WhenThe Grapes of Wrathwas published in 1939, it had an explosive effect on the public, calling attention to the problems of migrant farm workers during the Great Depression. This casebook provides a rich source of primary materials on the period and the plight of the migrant farm worker that brings to life the problems Steinbeck immortalized in the novel. Included are interviews with eyewitnesses to the Dust Bowl, firsthand accounts and investigative reports of the causes and effects of the Great Depression, letters to Eleanor Roosevelt and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins, diaries and autobiographies of migrant farm workers in the 1930s, newspaper articles and editorials of the period, congressional testimony, a Wobbly song, affidavits by union activists, and other unique materials, many of which have never before appeared in print. All these materials can be used in literature, American history, and interdisciplinary classes to enrich the study of this novel and its times.
Following a literary analysis of the novel, six chapters present primary documents on the following topics related to the novel: the financial causes and results of the Great Depression; the history of farming in the early twentieth century and the growth of agribusiness in California; working and living conditions of migrant farm workers in 1930s California; attempts to unionize farm workers and major strikes of the period; lawlessness among law enforcement officers in dealing with union members; the legacy of the 1930s—Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers, and working and living conditions of farm workers long after the publication of the novel. Each chapter is followed by study questions, topics for research papers and class discussion, and suggestions of further reading.
United States Military Assistance
Authors: Mott   IV William H. 
Published: May 2024

This interdisciplinary study examines the relationships between the provision of military assistance and success in achieving donor aims in history and theory, based upon an initial proposition that the relationship between donor and recipient is a critical determinant of success or failure. Mott builds upon his previous research of general historical and Soviet case studies which focuses on four initial features of the wartime donor-recipient relationship: convergence of aims; donor control, commitment of donor military forces, and coherence of donor policies and strategies. To this foundation, he adds additional variables, recipient success, and regional efforts. The study presents a pattern for policy development and theoretical analysis in which military assistance is a viable, robust policy option and bilateral relationship with clear set of requirements, features, processes, and predictable results.
Mott's primary methodology is the search for uniformities across historical observations through low-level, ordinary, multivariate regressions. He examines a set of 25 discrete and significant U.S. donor-recipient relationships, and analyzes the features of wartime and Soviet relationships in each. Each chapter focuses on U.S. military assistance in a region and refines the relevant features of the observed relationships into a common profile for comparison with other regions. Mott's conclusions about the donor-recipient relationship narrow the gap between economics, political science, and military strategy; link history and theory to policy; and offer new insights into a complex feature of international relationships and foreign policy.