bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone have opposing effects on adult neuroplasticity in the avian song control system
Authors: Newman Amy E.M. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. , An Yong‐Seok , Kriengwatana Buddhamas , Soma Kiran K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChronic elevations in glucocorticoids can decrease the production and survival of new cells in the adult brain. In rat hippocampus, supraphysiological doses of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; a sex steroid precursor synthesized in the gonads, adrenals, and brain) have antiglucocorticoid properties. With male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), we examined the effects of physiological doses of corticosterone, the primary circulating glucocorticoid in birds, and DHEA on adult neuroplasticity. We treated four groups of nonbreeding sparrows for 28 days with empty (control), corticosterone, DHEA, or corticosterone + DHEA implants. Subjects were injected with BrdU on days 3 and 4. In HVC, a critical song control nucleus, corticosterone and DHEA had independent, additive effects. Corticosterone decreased, whereas DHEA increased, HVC volume, NeuN+ cell number, and BrdU+ cell number. Coadministration of DHEA completely reversed the neurodegenerative effects of chronic corticosterone treatment. In an efferent target of HVC, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), DHEA increased RA volume, but this effect was blocked by coadministration of corticosterone. There were similar antagonistic interactions between corticosterone and DHEA on BrdU+ cell number in the hippocampus and ventricular zone. This is the first report on the effects of corticosterone treatment on the adult song control circuit, and HVC was the most corticosterone‐sensitive song nucleus examined. In HVC, DHEA is neuroprotective and counteracts several pronounced effects of corticosterone. Within brain regions that are particularly vulnerable to corticosterone, such as the songbird HVC and rat hippocampus, DHEA appears to be a potent native antiglucocorticoid. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3662–3678, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural, Compositional and Electrochemical Characterization of Pt–Co Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysts
Authors: Axnanda S. , Cummins K. D. , He T. , Goodman D. W. , Soriaga M. P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPt–Co thin‐film electrocatalysts have been characterized using low‐energy ion‐scattering spectroscopy (LEISS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) and electrochemistry (EC). For comparative purposes, LEISS and EC were also carried out on a bulk Pt3Co(111) single crystal. The extensive experimental work resulted in the establishment of the surface phase diagram of the alloy film marked by a substantial divergence between the composition at the interface and that in the interior. When a dual‐layer deposit of Pt and Co was annealed at high temperatures, alloy formation transpired in which the outermost layer became single‐crystalline and enriched in Pt. The preferential surface segregation of Pt, however, was not sufficient to generate a platinum‐only overlayer or “skin”. Invariably, Co was found to co‐exist with Pt, independent of the substrate [Mo(110) or Ru(0001)] employed; Pt3Co was the most favored composition. The same result, the absence of a Pt skin, was likewise indicated at the post‐thermally‐annealed surface of the bulk Pt3Co(111) monocrystal. For alloy‐film surfaces more enriched in Pt than Pt3Co, the topmost layer was constituted primarily, but not exclusively, of Pt(111) domains. The proclivities of the alloys towards enhanced catalysis of the oxygen‐reduction reaction were assessed in terms of their voltage efficiencies, as manifested by the open‐circuit potential (OCP) in O2‐saturated sulfuric acid electrolyte. The Pt3Co surface, whether from the thin film or the bulk single crystal, exhibited the highest OCP, a significant improvement over pure Pt but still appreciably lower than the thermodynamic limit. The degradation of the Pt3Co thin‐film surface was predominantly due to Co corrosion. A minimal amount was spontaneously dissolved upon simple immersion in solution; slightly higher dissolution occurred at potentials above the OCP. The fraction that was not immediately corroded proved to be stable even after prolonged periods at potentials more positive than the OCP.
Properties of Ionic Liquid Confined in Porous Silica Matrix
Authors: Singh Manish Pratap , Singh Rajendra Kumar , Chandra Suresh 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPorous silica matrices of different pore sizes with confined ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) [BMIM] [PF6] were prepared by sol‐gel technique using a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor with an aim to study the changes in physico‐chemical properties of ionic liquid on confinement. It is found that on confinement 1) melting point decreases, 2) fluorescence spectra shows a red shift and 3) the vibrational bands are affected particularly those of imadazolium ring, which interacts more with the walls of the silica matrix. Preliminary theoretical calculations suggest that SiO2 matrix interact more with the heterocyclic group of [BMIM] cation than the tail alkyl chain end group resulting in significant changes in the aromatic vibrations.
Heightened sensitivity to reward and punishment in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jappe Leah M. , Frank Guido K.W. , Shott Megan E. , Rollin Michael D.H. , Pryor Tamara , Hagman Jennifer O. , Yang Tony T. , Davis Elizabeth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study is to test whether females with anorexia nervosa (AN) have increased sensitivity to punishing or rewarding stimuli, behaviors that could drive high self‐control and anxious, avoidant behaviors.Method:Sixty‐four females completed the study: 33 control females (CFs, mean age 19.7 years) and 31 females with AN (mean age 19.6 years). Participants completed diagnostic exams, questionnaires for eating disorder severity and personality, and the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ).Results:Females with AN scored higher than CFs on SPSRQ sensitivity to punishment (p < 0.00001) and sensitivity to reward (p = 0.005). Females with AN without anxiety or depression continued to have increased SPSRQ scores compared to CFs.Discussion:This is the first study comparing the SPSRQ in females with AN and CFs. Results suggest that reward and punishment sensitivity are increased in females with AN and could be potential trait markers. It is possible that harm‐avoidant, anxious behaviors in females with AN are related to this heightened sensitivity. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:317–324)
Relationship between current waveform just before current zero and interruption ability of high‐speed VCB
Authors: Niwa Yoshimitsu , Matsuzaki Jun , Yokokura Kunio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker which forces the fault current to zero was investigated. The test circuit breaker consisted of a vacuum interrupter and a high‐frequency current source. A vacuum interrupter with an axial magnetic field electrode and a disk‐shaped electrode was tested. The arcing period of the high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker is much shorter than that of a conventional circuit breaker. The arc behavior of the test electrodes immediately after the contact separation was observed by a high‐speed video recorder. The relation between the current waveform just before the current zero point and the interruption ability was investigated experimentally by varying the high‐frequency current source. The results demonstrate the interruption ability and the arc behavior of the high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker. Effective current interruption is made possible by a low current period just before the current zero point, even though the arcing time is short and the arc is concentrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 20–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20915
Mode‐filtering analysis of space and time harmonic wave components of magnetic fields in rotating machinery
Authors: Miyata Kenji , Ide Kazumasa , Shima Kazuo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe propose a new method for analysis of the harmonic wave components of magnetic fields in rotating machinery. Using the magnetic permeability obtained by transient analysis of the nonlinear magnetic field, the harmonic wave components of the magnetic field are individually calculated in the spaces of both the rotor and stator subject to the boundary condition that the harmonic wave components obtained by the transient analysis are set on the sliding surface. Mode separation of the magnetic field will contribute to research on reducing harmful harmonic wave components for rotating machinery. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 55–63, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20951
Moving pick‐up‐type contactless power transfer systems and their efficiency using series and parallel resonant capacitors
Authors: Kaneko Yasuyoshi , Matsushita Shinya , Oikawa Yasufumi , Abe Shigeru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe equivalent circuit, the efficiency, and the important characteristics of moving pick‐up type contactless power transfer systems are described. If the primary series capacitor and the secondary parallel capacitors are chosen correctly and the winding resistances are ignored, the equivalent circuit of the transformer with these capacitors becomes the same as an ideal transformer at the resonant frequency. This simple approximation helps to understand the phenomena occurring with load changes. Because the circuit analysis becomes simple, the approximate value of the power transfer efficiency can be derived. This paper describes the determination of the capacitor values, the derivation of the equivalent circuit and the efficiency, and test results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 47–54, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20970
Separate checkpoints regulate splenic plasma cell accumulation and IgG autoantibody production in Lyn‐deficient mice
Authors: Gutierrez Toni , Halcomb Kristina E. , Coughran Alanna J. , Li Quan‐Zhen , Satterthwaite Anne B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAccumulation of plasma cells and autoantibodies against nuclear antigens characterize both human and murine lupus. Understanding how these processes are controlled may reveal novel therapeutic targets for this disease. Mice deficient in Lyn, a negative regulator of B and myeloid cell activity, develop lupus‐like autoimmune disease. Here, we show that lyn−/− mice exhibit increased splenic plasmablasts and plasma cells and produce IgM against a wide range of self‐antigens. Both events require Btk, a target of Lyn‐dependent inhibitory pathways. A Btk‐dependent increase in the expression of the plasma cell survival factor IL‐6 by lyn−/− splenic myeloid cells was also observed. Surprisingly, IL‐6 was not required for plasma cell accumulation or polyclonal IgM autoreactivity in lyn−/− mice. IL‐6 was, however, necessary for the production of IgG autoantibodies, which we show are focused towards a limited set of nucleic acid‐containing and glomerular autoantigens in lyn−/− mice. A similar uncoupling of plasma cell accumulation from IgG autoantibodies was seen in lyn+/− mice. Plasma cell accumulation and polyclonal IgM autoreactivity are therefore controlled separately from, and are insufficient for, the production of IgG against lupus‐associated autoantigens. Regulators of either of these two checkpoints may be attractive therapeutic targets for lupus.
Tumor‐infiltrating IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells support the progression of tumor by promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Wakita Daiko , Sumida Kentaro , Iwakura Yoichiro , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Ohkuri Takayuki , Chamoto Kenji , Kitamura Hidemitsu , Nishimura Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBased on the evidence that IL‐17 is a key cytokine involved in various inflammatory diseases, we explored the critical role of IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells for tumor development in tumor‐bearing mouse model. IL‐17−/− mice exhibited a significant reduction of tumor growth, concomitantly with the decrease of vascular density at lesion area, indicating a pro‐tumor property of IL‐17. Among tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), γδ T cells were the major cellular source of IL‐17. Analysis of TCR repertoires in TIL‐γδ T cells showed that circulating γδ T cells, but not skin resident Vγ5+γδ T cells, produced IL‐17. Neutralizing antibodies against IL‐23, IL‐6, and TGF‐β, which were produced within the tumor microenvironment, inhibited the induction of IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells. IL‐17 production by tumor‐infiltrating γδ T cells was blocked by anti‐γδTCR or anti‐NKG2D antibodies, indicating that these ligands, expressed within the tumor microenvironment, are involved in γδ T‐cell activation. The IL‐17‐producing TIL‐γδ T cells exhibited reduced levels of perforin mRNA expression, but increased levels of COX‐2 mRNA expression. Together, our findings support the novel concept that IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells, generated in response to tumor microenvironment, act as tumor‐promoting cells by inducing angiogenesis.
Reversible Heterolytic Methane Activation of Metal‐Free Closed‐Shell Molecules: A Computational Proof‐of‐Principle Study
Authors: Lu Gang , Zhao Lili , Li Haixia , Huang Fang , Wang Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUtilization of the acid/base effects simultaneously is one of the basic principles used by transition‐metal (TM) complexes to activate H–H/C–H σ bonds. In principle, the high reactivity of metal‐free FLPs (frustrated Lewis pairs) towards H2 can also be attributed to these effects. On the basis of our proposed integrated FLPs, we pushed the effects to a higher (if not a limit) level at which the extremely unreactive methane C–H σ bond can be activated by our designed metal‐free closed‐shell molecules. Three molecules (M3c, M4b, and M4c) among the reported have activation free energies (22.4, 20.0, and 20.2 kcal mol–1, respectively) comparable with (or less than) the 22.3 kcal mol–1 of a TM model complex that features a Ti=N double bond. The derivative of the TM model has been experimentally shown to be capable of activating methane. Moreover, some of the activation reactions are (or nearly) thermoneutral. For example, the methane activations of M3c, M4b, and M4c are exothermic by –1.9, –4.5, and –5.2 kcal mol–1 of free energies, respectively. The kinetics and thermodynamics imply that the molecules could be further developed to realize catalytic methane activation. The electronic structure analyses reveal that, although our metal‐free molecules and the TM model complex share the same principle in activating the C–H bond, there are differences as to how they go about maintaining the effective active sites. The reported molecules could be the targets for experimental realizations. The strategy could be applied to the design of similar molecules to realize more general C–H bond activation of alkanes.
Grafting Organic n‐Semiconductors to Surfaces: (Perfluoro‐p‐terphenyl‐4‐yl)alkanethiols
Authors: Schüpbach Björn , Bolte Michael , Zharnikov Michael , Terfort Andreas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPerfluoroterphenyl, an organic n‐semiconductor, has been derivatized by short ω‐mercaptoalkyl chains to permit the formation of self‐assembled monolayers on semiconductor and coinage metal substrates. Because the perfluoroaryl rings are prone to nucleophilic attack, strategies for the introduction of the side chains had to be developed that avoid the use of any nucleophiles. Keeping this in mind, the respective derivatives with one, two, and three methylene groups in the alkyl linker could be obtained in good yields. The crystal structure of one of the intermediates, (perfluoroterphenyl‐4‐yl)methanol, exhibits a parallel arrangement of the molecules as well as a helical structure of the perfluoroterphenyl part, which is in contrast to the structure found for most nonfluorinated terphenyl derivatives. Using Au(111) as a test substrate, it could be demonstrated that all three thiols form dense monolayers with a pronounced odd–even effect governed by the parity of the number of methylene groups in the alkyl chain.
Matrix Isolation and IR Characterization of the Benzoyl and Benzoylperoxy Radicals
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Sander Wolfram 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe benzoyl radical1was synthesized in argon matrices by the thermal reaction of the phenyl radical2with CO. The IR spectrum with the C=O str. vibration at 1824.4 cm–1is in good agreement with DFT calculations. The formation of1is reversible and UV irradiation results in the cleavage back to2and CO. The benzoyl radical1can react with molecular oxygen in the matrix to produce the benzoylperoxy radical3. Radical3was also characterized by IR spectroscopy in combination with DFT calculations.
Retraction: Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates in Water
Authors: Pschierer Jan , Plenio Herbert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe palladium complex (0.5 mol‐%) of a water‐soluble sulfonated fluorenylphosphane (cataCXium Fsulf) enables thefacile Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of various (heterocyclic) aryl tosylates and aryl mesylate with various (heterocyclic) boronic acids in excellent yields (> 95 %) using water as the reaction solvent.Retraction: The following article from the European Journal of Organic Chemistry, “Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates in Water”, published online on April 15, 2010 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com, doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201000251) and in print (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 2934–2937), has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author, the journal Editor, Dr. Haymo Ross, and Wiley‐VCH. The retraction has been agreed because several 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data listed in the manuscript are incorrect, and the original mass spectra cannot be located. Attempts to repeat the synthesis of several representative products under the conditions reported in this manuscript have failed.
Novel Alkylidenating Agents of Iron(III) Derivatives by Base‐Mediated α,μ‐Dehydrohalogenation and Their Chemical Trapping by Cycloaddition
Authors: Eisch John J. , Sohn Jane U. , Rabinowitz Edon J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStudies of the reactions between group 4 metal chlorides (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and methyllithium at –78 °C in toluene can lead to methylidene–metal complexes, H2C=MCl2, by a sequence of monomethylation, α‐carbon lithiation and α,μ‐elimination of LiCl. Here study of the preparation of alkylidene derivatives of iron was attempted by the interaction of FeCl3 with n‐butyllithium in various ratios at –78 °C. The presence of any resulting butylidene–iron(III) derivative, nPrCH=FeE (E = Cl, nBu), was probed by adding chemical trapping agents, such as diphenylacetylene, benzonitrile, methyl benzoate and benzophenone. In each experiment the hydrolyzed products were consistent with a cycloaddition reaction of nPrCH=FeE with the trapping agent. The products from diphenylacetylene and from benzonitrile with D2O workup are uniquely in accord with such a carbene precursor. A 3:1 ratio of nBuLi/FeCl3 gave the optimal yield of nPrCH=FenBu, ca. 80 %, from the nBu2FeCl precursor. When a 3:1 reaction mixture was simply brought to 25 °C and hydrolyzed, the purple alkylidene–iron complex decomposed completely to iron metal. A study of a 3:1 interaction of PhCH2MgCl and FeCl3 under similar conditions and trapping with diphenylacetylene provided evidence for the formation of PhCH=Fe–CH2Ph in ca. 40 %. These results support the hope that alkylidene–iron(III) analogs of the Grubbs reagents may be accessible by this process.
Role of homologous recombination in DNA interstrand crosslink repair
Authors: Hinz John M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHomologous recombination repair (HRR) encompasses mechanisms that employ homologous DNA sequences as templates for repair or tolerance of a wide range of DNA lesions that inhibit DNA replication in S phase. Arguably the most imposing of these DNA lesions is that of the interstrand crosslink (ICL), consisting of a covalently attached chemical bridge between opposing DNA strands. ICL repair requires the coordinated activities of HRR and a number of proteins from other DNA repair and damage response systems, including nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Interestingly, different organisms favor alternative methods of HRR in the ICL repair process. E. coli perform ICL repair using a homology‐driven damage bypass mechanism analogous to daughter strand gap repair. Eukaryotes from yeast to humans initiate ICL repair primarily during DNA replication, relying on HRR activity to restart broken replication forks associated with double‐strand break intermediates induced by nucleolytic activities of other excision repair factors. Higher eukaryotes also employ several additional factors, including members of the Fanconi anemia damage‐response network, which further promote replication‐associated ICL repair through the activation and coordination of various DNA excision repair, TLS, and HRR proteins. This review focuses on the proteins and general mechanisms of HRR associated with ICL repair in different model organisms. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Petrographical, structural, and mechanical analysis of armorican phtanites: A key raw material for the Mesolithic in Western France
Authors: Tsobgou A.R. , Dabard M.‐P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOver the last ninety years or so, archaeological field work on outcrops of raw materials in western France has allowed researchers to identify the use of a large number of deformed rock types in lithic industries. These materials include Armorican phtanites, which are cherts that were widely exploited during the Mesolithic, principally during its final phase (5500–5000 yrs cal. B.C.). Because of variations in the mineralogical composition and physical properties of phtanites, different mechanical properties are exhibited by samples from the four main geological formations containing this rock type in the Armorican Massif of western France. These geological and mechanical parameters influenced the quantity of rock used and the knapping methods employed. They also influenced the tool types produced and their transfer, as recorded in archaeological sequences. The types of raw materials used are also controlled by the distance to sources of coastal flint pebbles or other autochthonous siliceous rocks. Therefore, the role of raw material properties in the creation and persistence of techno‐cultural or economic characteristics is different for each type of phtanite and yields fundamental information on the interaction of society with the geological environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.