bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First record of an Early Barremian caprinid rudist from Japan – implications for the palaeobiogeography of the Caprinidae (Bivalvia)
Authors: SANO SHIN‐ICHI , SKELTON PETER W. , WATARAI MEGUMI , IBA YASUHIRO , KONDO YASUO , SATO YUICHIRO 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  Pachytraga Paquier, 1900, the stratigraphically oldest genus of caprinine caprinid rudist, was previously known from only two chronospecies from a single lineage, that is the Hauterivian P. tubiconcha Astre, 1961 and the early Aptian P. paradoxa (Pictet and Campiche, 1869). Here, a new species, Pachytraga? tanakahitoshii, is erected on the basis of isolated left valves recovered from the Osaka and Sanchu areas, south‐west Japan. This species has a moderate shell size (antero‐posterior commissural diameter c. 30 mm), and its left valve is characterized by at least one possibly autapomorphic character (narrow anterior myophore, inclined inwards), as well as a mosaic of primitive (single longitudinal carina developed on the anterior side) and derived (simple marginal canals in the antero‐dorsal valve margin) characters of Mediterranean and Middle East Tethyan Pachytraga. The Japanese Pachytraga? represents the first probable record of this genus outside the Mediterranean/Middle Eastern Tethyan province, and its early Barremian age partly fills the ‘gap’ in its previously known stratigraphical record, although the evolutionary relationship of the Japanese form with Mediterranean and Middle East Tethyan Pachytraga remains unsolved. However, the discovery of early Barremian Pachytraga? in Japan indicates that the evolutionary history of the genus is more complex than previously thought and should thus be discussed in a broader palaeogeographical context that must now include the Pacific.
World History, MesoAmerica, and the Native American Southwest
Authors: Dirk Raat W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUntil recently, the academic discipline of the New Archaeology has largely thought of the people of the American Southwest in small‐scale, regional, ahistorical, and cross‐cultural terms.1 Changes in contemporary historiography, especially the rise of a new world or global history (and world‐system analyses), are now affecting archaeological (and anthropological) thinking, and the result is a historically‐oriented sociology and archaeology of the indigenous Southwest that views regional groups in continental, and even, hemispheric terms. Thus the impact of Mesoamerica in general, and western Mexico in particular, on the American Southwest is becoming a common topic of current archaeological studies. The concern of this essay will be first, to summarize briefly these historiographical trends, then argue generally for the Mesoamerican (and western Mexican) connection.
Caste Politics and Partition in South Asian History
Authors: Sen Dwaipayan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOver approximately the last fifteen years, historians have increasingly sought to examine the effects and implications of Partition – the event that culminated in the formation of India and Pakistan in 1947 – for caste politics and the experience of caste. Along with the growth of scholarly attention to this question, historical debate has emerged about how most accurately to characterize these effects. This article surveys this body of research by charting the gradual emergence of differing interpretations on the entanglements of Partition, the transfer of power, and caste politics and experience in Bengal, Punjab, the United Provinces and India, more generally. It argues that whereas scholars have produced conflicting accounts, only further research and reflection on the wider significance of this intersection will lead to the emergence of a clearer picture about how caste politics were transformed over the cusp of Partition and the immediate context of the transition from colonial to postcolonial rule in South Asia.
Association Between the Part D Coverage Gap and Adverse Health Outcomes
Authors: Polinski Jennifer M. , Shrank William H. , Glynn Robert J. , Huskamp Haiden A. , Christopher Roebuck M. , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether Part D coverage gap entry is associated with risk of death or hospitalization for cardiovascular outcomes.DesignProspective cohort study. Beneficiaries entered the study upon reaching the coverage gap spending threshold and were observed until an outcome reaching the threshold for catastrophic coverage occurred or year's end. Nine thousand four hundred thirty‐six exposed individuals (those who were responsible for drug costs in the gap) were compared with 9,436 unexposed individuals (those who received financial assistance) based on propensity score (PS) or high‐dimensional propensity score (hdPS).SettingMedicare Part D drug insurance.ParticipantsThree hundred three thousand nine hundred seventy‐eight Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older in 2006 and 2007 with linked prescription and medical claims who enrolled in stand‐alone Part D or retiree drug plans and reached the gap spending threshold.MeasurementsRates of death and hospitalization for any of five cardiovascular outcomes, including acute coronary syndrome with revascularization (ACS), after reaching the coverage gap spending threshold were compared using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsIn PS‐matched analyses, exposed beneficiaries had higher, albeit not significantly so, hazard of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–1.59) and ACS (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.83–1.62) than unexposed beneficiaries. hdPS‐matched analyses minimized residual confounding and confirmed results (death: HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.78–1.24; ACS: HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.81–1.41). Exposed beneficiaries were no more or less likely to experience other outcomes than were those who were unexposed.ConclusionDuring the short‐term coverage gap period, having no financial assistance to pay for drugs was not associated with greater risk of death or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, although long‐term health consequences remain unclear.
Osteoprogenitor Cell Therapy in an Equine Fracture Model
Authors: McDuffee Laurie A. , Pack LeeAnn , Lores Marcos , Wright Glenda M. , Esparza‐Gonzalez Blanca , Masaoud Elmabrok 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of osteoprogenitors in fibrin glue to fibrin glue alone in bone healing of surgically induced ostectomies of the fourth metacarpal bones in an equine model.Study DesignExperimental.AnimalsAdult horses (n = 10).MethodsSegmental ostectomies of the 4th metacarpal bone (MC4) were performed bilaterally in 10 horses. There was 1 treatment and 1 control limb in each horse. Bone defects were randomly injected with either fibrin glue and osteoprogenitor cells or fibrin glue alone. Radiography was performed every week until the study endpoint at 12 weeks. After euthanasia, bone healing was evaluated using radiography and histology. Analysis of radiographic data was conducted using a linear‐mixed model. Analysis of histologic data was conducted using a general linear model. Statistical significance was set atP< .05.ResultsRadiographic grayscale data as a measure of bone healing revealed no significant difference between treatment and control limbs. Radiographic scoring results also showed that the treatment effect was not significant. Histologic analysis was consistent with radiographic analysis showing no significant difference between the area of bone present in treatment and control limbs.ConclusionInjection of periosteal‐derived osteoprogenitors in a fibrin glue carrier into surgically created ostectomies ofMC4 does not accelerate bone healing when compared with fibrin glue alone.
Seasonal stream habitat of adult Sakhalin taimen, Parahucho perryi, in the Bekanbeushi River system, eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Honda Kentaro , Kagiwada Haruka , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Miyashita Kazushi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBehavioural tracking of endangered adult Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) by acoustic telemetry was conducted in the Bekanbeushi River system that flows through eastern Hokkaido in 2008–2010. A total of 39 tracked P. perryi showed extensive use of the river system, both upstream and downstream, regardless of the month or year. No tracked adult P. perryi stayed in the ocean for more than 1 day. Some of the fish (20%) dwelled in upstream habitat consistently from spring to autumn, while 40% of individuals showed wide utilisation of the entire upstream and downstream systems. Although 39.4% of tracked fish utilised two or more primary tributaries to the main river, 6.1% used only the main river system. Distinct variability was observed between individuals based on the proportion of time spent in each stream reach (up‐, mid‐, and downstream). A trend was observed in 2008 and 2010 showing that tracked fish moved to the upper stream reaches when water temperatures downstream increased. This trend was not observed in 2009 when the summer water temperature downstream was more than 2 °C below average when compared to 2008 and 2010. Our results suggest that adult P. perryi in the Bekanbeushi River system exhibit high behavioural plasticity, that is, the fish can select habitats based on their own individual requirements. Our results also demonstrate the importance of physical continuity among river reaches both upstream and downstream such that P. perryi does not experience barriers in moving to optimal habitats.
IL1 gene polymorphisms in relation to external apical root resorption concurrent with orthodontia
Authors: Linhartova P , Cernochova P , Izakovicova Holla L 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveExternal apical root resorption (EARR) is permanent shortening of the end of the tooth root. It is a common clinical complication of orthodontic treatment. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 1 (IL1) gene cluster have been related to an increased EARR risk. The aim of this study was to analyze possible associations of IL1 gene variants with EARR in Czech population.Subjects and MethodsIn this case–control study, 32 patients with EARR (age 15.0 ± 4.1 years) and 74 controls (age 15.2 ± 5.3 years) were genotyped using PCR‐based methods for IL1A (−889C/T), IL1B (+3953C/T), and IL1RN [IL1 receptor antagonist, variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)] gene polymorphisms.ResultsWhile no statistical significant differences in the IL1A and IL1B genotype, allele and reconstructed IL1 haplotype frequencies between patients with EARR and controls were found, marginally significant differences were observed in the frequencies of IL1RN variant (P = 0.05 for *22 genotype and P = 0.06 for a short (2) allele). In addition, significant associations between IL1RN*12, *22 genotypes and the short (2) allele and EARR were identified in the subgroup of girls (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, P = 0.02).ConclusionsAlthough no significant role of IL1A (−889C/T) and IL1B (+3953C/T) variants in EARR was confirmed, IL1RN VNTR may be associated with EARR, especially in girls.
Sexual Arousal and Desire: Interrelations and Responses to Three Modalities of Sexual Stimuli
Authors: Goldey Katherine L. , van Anders Sari M. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Traditionally, sexual desire is understood to occur spontaneously, but more recent models propose that desire responds to sexual stimuli.

Aims
To experimentally assess whether sexual stimuli increased sexual desire; to compare how sexual arousal and desire responded to three modalities of sexual stimuli: erotic story, unstructured fantasy, and the Imagined Social Situation Exercise (ISSE).

Methods
In an online study, participants (128 women, 98 men) were randomly assigned to one of four arousal conditions (ISSE, story, fantasy, or neutral), and then completed desire measures. In the ISSE, participants imagined and wrote about a positive sexual encounter with a self-defined attractive person.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual arousal (perceived genital, psychological, and perceived autonomic), anxiety, positive and negative affect, and state sexual desire via self-report measures pre- and post-condition; “trait” desire via the Sexual Desire Inventory post-condition.

Results
All three sexual conditions significantly increased sexual arousal and positive affect compared with the neutral condition, with trends for higher arousal to unstructured fantasy than the ISSE or story conditions. Sexual conditions significantly increased scores on state measures of sexual desire. In addition, sexual context influenced measurement of “trait” solitary sexual desire in women, such that women reported significantly higher trait desire after the neutral and ISSE conditions vs. fantasy.

Conclusion
Results highlight the responsiveness of sexual desire, problems with measurement of desire as a long-term trait, trade-offs of using the ISSE and other stimuli in sexuality research, and the need to address context in discussions of women’s and men’s desire.
Persistent Sexual Side Effects of Finasteride: Could They be Permanent?
Authors: Irwig Michael S. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Finasteride has been associated with sexual side effects that may persist despite discontinuation of the medication. In a clinical series, 20% of subjects with male pattern hair loss reported persistent sexual dysfunction for ≥6 years, suggesting the possibility that the dysfunction may be permanent. These subjects also reported a wide range of symptoms including changes in cognition, ejaculate quality, and genital sensation. Other medications have been associated with irreversible neurological effects, such as phenothiazines with tardive dyskinesias.

Aim
To prospectively study whether the persistent sexual side effects associated with finasteride resolve or endure over time.

Methods
Subjects (N = 54) with persistent sexual side effects associated with finasteride were reassessed after 9–16 months (mean 14 months). All subjects were otherwise healthy young men without any baseline sexual dysfunction, medical conditions, psychiatric conditions, or use of oral prescription medications prior to taking finasteride for male pattern hair loss.

Main Outcome Measure
Scores from the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX).

Results
The participation rate was 81%. At reassessment persistent sexual side effects continued to be present in 96% of subjects. According to the ASEX scores, 89% of subjects met the definition of sexual dysfunction. Neither the length of finasteride use nor the duration of the sexual side effects correlated to changes in scores of sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion
In most men who developed persistent sexual side effects (≥3 months) despite the discontinuation of finasteride, the sexual dysfunction continued for many months or years. Although several rat studies have shown detrimental changes to erectile function caused by 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, the persistent nature of these changes is an area of active research. Prescribers of finasteride and men contemplating its use should be made aware of the potential adverse medication effects.
A Thermoanalytical Study of the Conversion of Amorphous Si–Ti–C–O Fibers to SiC
Authors: Jacobson Nathan S. , Kline Sara E. 
Published: July 2012

The conversion of polytitanocarbosilane fibers to SiC has been studied from 1400°C to 1600°C. Thermochemical modeling indicated the stable phases were SiC and TiC. Kinetics were studied with a thermogravimetric method and post heat‐treatment phases, and microstructures were studied with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Kinetics exhibit a strong temperature dependence and an activation energy of 443.3 ± 11.7 kJ/mol. This suggests that a chemical reaction step is rate‐limiting. X‐ray diffraction shows the conversion of an amorphous phase to crystalline SiC. Electron microscopy shows the development of internal porosity and large grains on the fiber surface, particularly at the higher temperatures.
Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats
Authors: Garcia D. A. A. , Froes Tilde R. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo compare ultrasonographic diagnoses with the findings of surgical exploration to identify and classify potential diagnostic errors.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study of surgically confirmed ultrasound findings was conducted over a period of 29 months in two veterinary hospitals. Any errors in diagnosis made by the sonographer were classified as perceptual, cognitive, equipment‐related, inevitable or multifactorial.ResultsOne hundred and five ultrasound examinations were performed in 88 dogs and 17 cats. Errors in ultrasound diagnosis occurred in 17 animals (16·2%). These errors were identified as cognitive in 10 animals, inevitable in 5 and multifactorial in 2.Clinical SignificanceThis study demonstrates that whilst errors of diagnosis do occur during ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen, understanding the causes of these errors will contribute to the development of this imaging modality.
Free skin grafts for immediate wound coverage following tumour resection from the canine distal limb
Authors: Tong T. , Simpson D. J. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate free skin graft as a closure method immediately following extensive oncological resections in the distal limb of dogs.MethodEvaluation of medical records of dogs that received a full‐thickness, meshed, free skin graft in the distal limb immediately after tumour removal.ResultsOncological resection was performed on the antebrachium of six dogs and the ‐tarso‐‐metatarsal area of one dog. Tumour types were mast cell tumour (n=4), soft tissue sarcoma (n=2) and ‐histiocytic sarcoma (n=1). The recipient bed consisted predominately of muscles and tendons. Three grafts survived completely. There was partial, superficial epidermal necrosis in some areas of four grafts. None of the dogs had full thickness necrosis or required further reconstruction. Good to excellent cosmetic results were achieved. Tumour resection was complete in every case. There was no local tumour recurrence at the time of last follow‐up (6–49 months).Clinical SignificanceFree grafting can be used reliably to reconstruct extensive surgical wounds in the distal limb in dogs after large tumour resection without the need for a delay to allow granulation tissue to form. Immediate grafting is useful as an alternative to other reconstructive surgical techniques or second intention healing.
Comprehensive global amino acid sequence analysis of PB1F2 protein of influenza A H5N1 viruses and the influenza A virus subtypes responsible for the 20th‐century pandemics
Authors: Pasricha Gunisha , Mishra Akhilesh C. , Chakrabarti Alok K. 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Pasricha et al. (2012) Comprehensive global amino acid sequence analysis of PB1F2 protein of influenza A H5N1 viruses and the Influenza A virus subtypes responsible for the 20th‐century pandemics. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(4), 497–505.Background  PB1F2 is the 11th protein of influenza A virus translated from +1 alternate reading frame of PB1 gene. Since the discovery, varying sizes and functions of the PB1F2 protein of influenza A viruses have been reported. Selection of PB1 gene segment in the pandemics, variable size and pleiotropic effect of PB1F2 intrigued us to analyze amino acid sequences of this protein in various influenza A viruses.Methods  Amino acid sequences for PB1F2 protein of influenza A H5N1, H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 subtypes were obtained from Influenza Research Database. Multiple sequence alignments of the PB1F2 protein sequences of the aforementioned subtypes were used to determine the size, variable and conserved domains and to perform mutational analysis.Results  Analysis showed that 96·4% of the H5N1 influenza viruses harbored full‐length PB1F2 protein. Except for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, all the subtypes of the 20th‐century pandemic influenza viruses contained full‐length PB1F2 protein. Through the years, PB1F2 protein of the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses has undergone much variation. PB1F2 protein sequences of H5N1 viruses showed both human‐ and avian host‐specific conserved domains. Global database of PB1F2 protein revealed that N66S mutation was present only in 3·8% of the H5N1 strains. We found a novel mutation, N84S in the PB1F2 protein of 9·35% of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 influenza viruses.Conclusions  Varying sizes and mutations of the PB1F2 protein in different influenza A virus subtypes with pandemic potential were obtained. There was genetic divergence of the protein in various hosts which highlighted the host‐specific evolution of the virus. However, studies are required to correlate this sequence variability with the virulence and pathogenicity.
Surveillance of hospitalised severe cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and related fatalities in nine EU countries in 2010–2011
Authors: Snacken René , Quinten Chantal , Devaux Isabelle , Plata Flaviu , Broberg Eeva , Zucs Phillip , Amato‐Gauci Andrew 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Snacken et al. (2012) Surveillance of hospitalised severe cases of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and related fatalities in nine EU countries in 2010–2011. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(601), e93–e96.A few months into the 2009 influenza pandemic, nine European countries implemented case‐based surveillance of hospitalised severe influenza infections. In the present study, we assess the association between patient characteristics, in particular underlying conditions, and the severity level of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection during the 2010‐2011 season. Patient age, the presence of underlying conditions, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the need for ventilation were significantly associated with the severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Despite limitations essentially because of the heterogeneity of the data reported, this study provides insight into severe influenza cases.
Dental care before lung transplantation: are we being too rigorous?
Authors: Walterspacher Stephan , Fuhrmann Carsten , Germann Martin , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Windisch Wolfram 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivePoor dental status is known to cause infections in severely sick and in elderly patients. In patients awaiting lung transplantation, rigorous dental treatment is a common prerequisite, although evidence‐based data are lacking with regard to extent, necessity and effect on post‐transplantation infectious status.Materials and MethodsIn the present retrospective study, dental status [dental history (missing teeth, caries, tooth restorations and extractions, prevalence of periodontitis) and dental treatment prior transplantation] was assessed in 85 lung transplant candidates at the University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany and evaluated for infectious foci in the first 3 years following transplantation.ResultsForty‐nine patients got transplanted in the observed timespan. Total tooth count differed significantly between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16 ± 9), pulmonary fibrosis (22 ± 7) or cystic fibrosis (30 ± 3) patients prior transplantation (P > 0.001). Periodontitis prevalence yielded no difference and was mainly not treated prior transplantation. No dental‐related infectious focus could be diagnosed post‐transplantation. However, 15% of post‐transplantation infections were of unknown focus, and infection rate was increased in year 2 post‐transplantation in patients without periodontitis.ConclusionNo clearly defined dental foci were registered following transplantation. This raises the question of whether current dental treatment in these highly compromised patients is too rigorous with regard to tooth extractions. However, no focus could be detected in 15% of the registered infections. Therefore, controversially, post‐transplantation dental care could also be insufficient with regard to undertreated periodontitis.