bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among dairy workers
Authors: Patil Anuja , Rosecrance John , Douphrate David , Gilkey David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among dairy workers.MethodsSixty‐six dairy parlor workers and 58 non‐parlor workers at dairies in Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado participated in structured interviews regarding demographics, work history, and hand symptoms. All participants had nerve conduction studies performed on both hands across the carpal tunnel. A CTS case definition was based on the presence of characteristic CTS symptoms and an abnormal median mononeuropathy across the carpal tunnel.ResultsThe prevalence of CTS among the dairy parlor workers was 16.6% and 3.6% among non‐parlor workers. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) with an odds ratio of 5.3, CI (1.1–25.5).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that CTS is a significant challenge for dairy parlor workers. The prevalence of CTS was found to be significantly higher among dairy workers performing tasks in the milking parlor as opposed to workers performing tasks in other areas of the dairy farm. The results emphasize the need for administrative and engineering controls to limit the exposure to physical risk factors that are associated with upper limb disorders such as CTS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:127–135, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valproate‐Loaded hydrogel nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Hamidi Mehrdad , Azadi Amir , Mohamadi‐Samani Soleiman , Rafiei Pedram , Ashrafi Hajar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDeveloping a simple and efficient approach to formulate biodegradable nanoparticles for intravenous delivery of sodium valproate (a hydrophilic small molecule drug chronically used in epileptic patients), is the principal objective of the current study. To fabricate particles via ionotropic gelation approach, a polycation polymer (chitosan) along with a polyanion (tripolyphosphate) was utilized in the presence of sodium valproate, and the Taguchi experimental design method was drawn upon so as to determine the optimum conditions of nanoparticle generation. In the following step, the researchers investigated sodium valproate‐loaded nanoparticles to explore various features of the nanoparticles including drug loading parameters, particle size distribution, zeta‐potential, morphology, stability, yield, and in vitro drug release profile. Nanoparticles with sizes of 63 ± 1 nm (number‐based) and 79 ± 3.21 (volume‐based) were obtained with slightly negative zeta–potential, which was more positive in drug‐loaded nanoparticles than the unloaded ones. The TEM imaging of the hydrogel nanoparticles manifested spherical shapes and corroborated the size achieved via particle size analyzer. The loading efficiency, loading amount, and loading ratio were determined to be 21.81 ± 3.90%, 10.31 ± 1.82 (mg sodium valproate/g nanoparticle) and 23.70 ± 4.54%, respectively, in optimum conditions. Moreover, there was observed a gradual drug release for nearly a week consisting, in average, about 94.64 ± 2.71% of the nanoparticles' drug content. In a nutshell, the present study introduces a practical, simple, and effective ionotropic gelation approach to generate sodium valproate‐loaded nanoparticles, leaving open a window of promising prospects in the field of intravenous long‐term delivery of this chronically used drug. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Using genomics for birth defects epidemiology: Can epigenetics cut the GxE gordian knot?
Authors: Friedman Jan M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost birth defects are etiologically complex disorders caused by combinations of genetic and environmental factors, but most studies of birth defect etiology have examined only genetic factors or only environmental factors and have not considered interactions among them. Genome‐wide epigenetic studies, which use the same genomic technologies that have revolutionized our ability to identify genetic causes of disease, provide an attractive way to study gene‐environment interactions. However, finding an association between epigenetic variation and an etiologically complex birth defect without knowledge of the genetic variation and environmental exposures affecting the individuals who were studied usually provides little or no information regarding the cause of the disorder. In order for genome‐wide studies of epigenetic variation to contribute to our understanding of the causes of birth defects, these studies must be combined with studies of environmental exposures and studies of genetic variation in the same subjects. Under such circumstances, epigenetic studies may help to establish the molecular basis for gene‐environment interactions. © Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Efrapeptins
Authors: Weigelt Sven , Huber Thomas , Hofmann Frank , Jost Micha , Ritzefeld Markus , Luy Burkhard , Freudenberger Christoph , Majer Zsuzsanna , Vass Elemér , Greie Jörg‐Christian , Panella Lavinia , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Kessler Horst , Altendorf Karlheinz , Hollósi Miklós , Sewald Norbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe efrapeptin family of peptide antibiotics produced by the fungus Tolypocladium niveum, and the neo‐efrapeptins from the fungus Geotrichum candidumare inhibitors of F1‐ATPase with promising antitumor, antimalaria, and insecticidal activity. They are rich in Cα‐dialkyl amino acids (Aib, Iva, Acc) and contain one β‐alanine and several pipecolic acid residues. The C‐terminus bears an unusual heterocyclic cationic cap. The efrapeptins C–G and three analogues of efrapeptin C were synthesized using α‐azido carboxylic acids as masked amino acid derivatives. All compounds display inhibitory activity toward F1‐ATPase. The conformation in solution of the peptides was investigated with electronic CD spectroscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and VCD spectroscopy. All efrapeptins and most efrapeptin analogues were shown to adopt helical conformations in solution. In the case of efrapeptin C, VCD spectra proved that a 310‐helix prevails. In addition, efrapeptin C was conformationally studied in detail with NMR and molecular modeling. Besides NOE distance restraints, residual dipolar couplings (RDC) observed upon partial alignment with stretched PDMS gels were used for the conformational analysis and confirmed the 310‐helical conformation.
Aurophilicity versus Mercurophilicity: Impact of d10–d10 Metallophilic Interactions on the Structure of Metal‐Rich Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Vreshch Volodimir , Shen Wenting , Nohra Brigitte , Yip Sung‐Kong , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah , Lescop Christophe , Réau Régis 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTreatment of U‐shaped, binuclear CuI complexes 1,1′ (1, counterion: BF4−; 1′, counterion: PF6−) with metal cyanide linear linkers K[Au(CN)2] (3) and Hg(CN)2 (4) lead to formation of new supramolecular assemblies 5,5′ and 6,6′, respectively, in good yield. These derivatives have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR, and X‐ray diffraction studies. Derivative 5,5′ are supramolecular metallacycles in which intramolecular aurophilic interactions between the AuI metal centers of the linkers are observed. Derivative 5 crystallizes as a single solid phase, whereas derivative 5′ is characterized in the solid state as four different pseudo‐polymorphs (5′a–d). Notably in the case of phase 5′d, a dimer of supramolecular metallacycles bounded by intermolecular aurophilic interactions is formed. Conversely, derivatives 6,6′ present large structural diversity depending on the nature of the counterion. Derivative 6 is a supramolecular rectangle in which the HgII–HgII metal distance suggests mercurophilic interaction, whereas 6′ crystallizes as two different pseudo‐polymorphs 6′a,b, that is, a one‐dimensional coordination polymer and one oligomer with no short HgII–HgII metal contacts, respectively. In derivatives 6,6′, short contacts between the HgII metal centers and fluorine atoms of the counterions are also observed, which may explain the counterion structural dependence of these supramolecular assemblies based on HgII metal cyanide linker. Comparison of the different solid‐state structures characterized highlights the importance of weak secondary interactions between the linkers for the formation supramolecular metallacycles from molecular clips 1,1′ and suggests the range of energies required for these interactions to form metallacycles and to induce self‐aggregation.
Free‐Standing Arrays of Isolated TiO2 Nanotubes through Supercritical Fluid Drying
Authors: Deneault James R. , Xiao Xiaoyin , Kang Tae‐Sik , Wang Joanna S. , Wai Chien M. , Brown Gail J. , Durstock Michael F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA common complication in fabricating arrays of TiO2 nanotubes is that they agglomerate into tightly packed bundles during the inevitable solvent evaporation step. This problem is particularly acute for template‐fabricated TiO2 nanotubes, as the geometric tunability of this technique enables relatively large inter‐pore spacings or, from another perspective, more space for lateral displacement. Our work showed that agglomeration results from the surface tension forces that are present as the ambient solvent is evaporated from the nanotube film. Herein, we report a processing and fabrication approach that utilizes supercritical fluid drying (CO2) to prepare arrays of template‐fabricated TiO2 nanotubes that are free‐standing and spatially isolated. This approach could be beneficial to many emerging technologies, such as solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells and vertically‐oriented carbon nanotube electrodes.
Heritability of volumetric brain changes and height in children entering puberty
Authors: van Soelen Inge L.C. , Brouwer Rachel M. , van Baal G. Caroline M. , Schnack Hugo G. , Peper Jiska S. , Chen Lei , Kahn René S. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Pol Hilleke E. Hulshoff 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe human brain undergoes structural changes in children entering puberty, while simultaneously children increase in height. It is not known if brain changes are under genetic control, and whether they are related to genetic factors influencing the amount of overall increase in height. Twins underwent magnetic resonance imaging brain scans at age 9 (N = 190) and 12 (N = 125). High heritability estimates were found at both ages for height and brain volumes (49–96%), and high genetic correlation between ages were observed (rg > 0.89). With increasing age, whole brain (+1.1%), cerebellum (+4.2%), cerebral white matter (+5.1%), and lateral ventricle (+9.4%) volumes increased, and third ventricle (−4.0%) and cerebral gray matter (−1.6%) volumes decreased. Children increased on average 13.8 cm in height (9.9%). Genetic influences on individual difference in volumetric brain and height changes were estimated, both within and across traits. The same genetic factors influenced both cerebral (20% heritable) and cerebellar volumetric changes (45%). Thus, the extent to which changes in cerebral and cerebellar volumes are heritable in children entering puberty are due to the same genes that influence change in both structures. The increase in height was heritable (73%), and not associated with cerebral volumetric change, but positively associated with cerebellar volume change (rp = 0.24). This association was explained by a genetic correlation (rg = 0.48) between height and cerebellar change. Brain and body each expand at their own pace and through separate genetic pathways. There are distinct genetic processes acting on structural brain development, which cannot be explained by genetic increase in height. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinally guided level sets for consistent tissue segmentation of neonates
Authors: Wang Li , Shi Feng , Yap Pew‐Thian , Lin Weili , Gilmore John H. , Shen Dinggang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuantification of brain development as well as disease‐induced pathologies in neonates often requires precise delineation of white matter, grey matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Unlike adults, tissue segmentation in neonates is significantly more challenging due to the inherently lower tissue contrast. Most existing methods take a voxel‐based approach and are limited to working with images from a single time‐point, even though longitudinal scans are available. We take a different approach by taking advantage of the fact that the pattern of the major sulci and gyri are already present in the neonates and generally preserved but fine‐tuned during brain development. That is, the segmentation of late‐time‐point image can be used to guide the segmentation of neonatal image. Accordingly, we propose a novel longitudinally guided level‐sets method for consistent neonatal image segmentation by combining local intensity information, atlas spatial prior, cortical thickness constraint, and longitudinal information into a variational framework. The minimization of the proposed energy functional is strictly derived from a variational principle. Validation performed on both simulated and in vivo neonatal brain images shows promising results. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Body mass index correlates negatively with white matter integrity in the fornix and corpus callosum: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Xu Jiansong , Li Yang , Lin Haiqun , Sinha Rajita , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOverweight or obese body habitus is associated with cognitive deficits, impaired brain function, gray matter atrophy, and white matter (WM) hyperintensities. However, few diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have assessed WM integrity in relation to overweight or obese status. This study assessed relationships between body mass index (BMI) and values of DTI parameters among 51 normal weight (lean), overweight, and obese participants who were otherwise healthy. BMI correlated negatively with fractional anisotropy and axial eigenvalues (λ1) in the body of corpus callosum (CC), positively with mean diffusivity and radial eigenvalues (λ⟂) in the fornix and splenium of CC, and positively with λ1 in the right corona radiata (CR) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). These data indicate that BMI correlates negatively with WM integrity in the fornix and CC. Furthermore, the different patterns of BMI‐related differences in DTI parameters at the fornix, body, and splenium of the CC, and the right CR and SLF suggest that different biological processes may underlie BMI‐related impairments of WM integrity in different brain regions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
White matter structures associated with emotional intelligence: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Sassa Yuko , Hashizume Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Nagase Tomomi , Nouchi Rui , Fukushima Ai , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrevious studies of brain lesions, functional activity, and gray matter structures have suggested that emotional intelligence (EI) is associated with regions involved in the network of social cognition (SCN) and in somatic marker circuitry (SMC). Our new study is the first to investigate the association between white matter (WM) integrity and EI. We examined this relationship in the brain of healthy young adult men [n= 74, mean age = 21.5 years, standard deviation (SD) = 1.6] and women (n= 44, mean age = 21.9 years, SD = 1.4). We performed a voxel‐based analysis of fractional anisotropy, which is an indicator of WM integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging and used a questionnaire (EI Scale) for measuring EI to identify the correlation of WM integrity with individual EI factor (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and situation management factors). Our results showed that (a) the intrapersonal factor of EI was positively correlated with WM integrity in the right anterior insula, and (b) the interpersonal factor of EI was associated with WM integrity in a part of the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). The right anterior insula is one of the important nodes of the SMC, whereas the ILF connects the visual cortex and areas related to SCN, and thus, is a part of the SCN. Our findings further support the notion that the brain regions involved in the SCN and in the SMC are associated with EI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncovering the secrets of the twenty‐first‐century organization
Authors: Sinha Neena , Kakkar N. K. , Gupta Vikas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhat will shape the organizations of the future? This article presents an eight‐level model that describes past, present, and future modes of operating and deals with the sources of power in an organization, the way that it is structured, how leadership style has changed, the role of stakeholders, the changing face of competition, the importance of creativity, teamwork, and the shifting nature of supply and demand. To keep up with the rapid pace of developments in these areas, today's business leaders need to have the courage to embrace new ways of thinking about shareholders, customers, and employees. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process informatics tools for predictive modeling: Hydrogen combustion
Authors: You Xiaoqing , Packard Andrew , Frenklach Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPredictive modeling of chemical reaction systems is facilitated through development of an automated data‐centric infrastructure, Process Informatics Model (PrIMe). Modeling and analysis tools were built to bridge the PrIMe Data infrastructure with DataCollaboration, a framework designed to make inferences from experimental observations in the context of an underlying model. The developed tools were integrated with the PrIMe Workflow Application, allowing users to create and run drag‐and‐drop applications on the fly. Organizing the data, linking the data to scientific methods, and automating the analysis offer new venues of scientific inquiry, such as evaluating the consistency of heterogeneous data records, making uncertainty‐quantified predictions, quantifying the contribution of newly obtained or even hypothetical data to the question of interest, or testing similar “what–if” scenarios. The developed system is demonstrated for the chemical kinetics of hydrogen combustion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 101–116, 2012
Isochromosome 17q, MYC amplification and large cell/anaplastic phenotype in a case of medullomyoblastoma with extracranial metastases
Authors: Wright Karen D. , von der Embse Kendra , Coleman Jamie , Patay Zoltan , Ellison David W. , Gajjar Amar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMedullomyoblastoma (MMB) is a rare variant of medulloblastoma, a member of the family of central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors. The outcome of standard therapy for CNS embryonal tumors is often unpredictable in the setting of MMB. Here, we present the clinical course and treatment of an almost 4‐year‐old girl with MMB that was characterized by MYC amplification, isochromosome 17q and large cell/anaplastic histopathology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:561–564. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal Strain Dependent Variation of Poisson’s Ratio for HTPB Based Solid Rocket Propellants in Uni‐axial Tensile Testing
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Sahasrabudhe Anil D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPoisson’s ratio of HTPB based composite propellant is estimated at break using double dumbbell specimens as per ASTM D638 Type IV standard and its value obtained by change in the volume of specimens is calculated as approximately 0.25. This major finding contradicts the behaviour of solid rocket propellants in respect of Poisson’s ratio, which is reported to be 0.5. Further, Poisson’s ratio varies almost linearly with strain even in linear portion of stress‐strain curve in uni‐axial tensile testing as per theoretical calculations. It must be noted that no change in volume does not necessarily indicate constant Poisson’s ratio equal to 0.5. SEM scan indicates that the rate of reduction of Poisson’s ratio with longitudinal strain accelerates after dewetting due to the formation of vacuoles. Bilinear variation of Poisson’s ratio with longitudinal strain is observed. One slope is valid in pre‐dewetting region, calculated from close form solution and other slope is valid for post‐dewetting region, which is measured at break. Measurement of Poisson’s ratio at various longitudinal strains indicates uni‐linear variation and not a bilinear variation with a kink.It is also observed that Poisson’s ratio is different along different lateral directions of the propellant specimen. Poisson’s ratio in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to longitudinal axis is calculated as 0.17 and 0.30. As ASTM Specimen has rectangular cross‐section of approximate size 6×4 mm, the directional behavior of Poisson’s ratio may be attributed to initial dimensions. Prismatic propellant specimen with square cross‐section of 115×6×6 mm dimension do not show any variation in respect of Young’s modulus, tensile strength and percentage elongation as compared to ASTM specimen. Directional behavior of Poisson’s ratio with almost similar numerical value is again observed, thus ruling out dependence of this behavior on different initial dimensions of propellant cross‐section. The propellant slurry flow during vacuum casting, directional curing and orientation of specimen with respect to web of the cast propellant are mainly responsible for this directional behaviour of Poisson’s ratio for the composite propellants. Composite propellants behave as compressible material in most of the region and near failure region or at higher strains; Poisson’s ratio is not anywhere close to 0.5, instead it is close to 0.25.
Goos–Hänchen shifts of the reflected waves from the inhomogeneous slab with a positive and negative index transition layer
Authors: Mao Hongmin , Zang Taocheng , Sun Jian , Pan Tao , Xu Guoding 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGoos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of the reflected waves through a transition layer where both the dielectric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability µ change linearly from positive to negative values are investigated. Based on invariant imbedding approach and the stationary‐phase method, the differential equations for the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. We demonstrate numerically the dependence of the shifts on the angle of incidence and the inhomogeneous slab's thickness. The results show that the GH shifts are sensitive to the angle of incidence in a specific thickness. Different thickness of media can result in the different dependences of the shifts on the angle of incidence. At the positions where ε or µ is zero, due to the resonant effect, the GH shifts can be greatly enhanced.