bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of non‐anaplastic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma in pediatric patients in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoji , Yamato Kazumi , Tanaka Fumiko , Takashima Yoshifumi , Inada Hiroko , Kikuchi Akira , Kumagai Masa‐aki , Sunami Shosuke , Nakagawa Atsuko , Fukano Reiji , Fujita Naoto , Mitsui Tetsuo , Tsurusawa Masahito , Mori Tetsuya 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundReports of non‐anaplastic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) in pediatric patients are relatively rare.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective analysis in patients with PTCL over an 18‐year period (1991–2008).ResultsWe could analyze clinical data in 21 patients with non‐anaplastic PTCL; 10 were female and 10 male. Median age of onset was 11 years (range: 1–21 years). There were nine patients with PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS); ten with extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type; one with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma; and one with subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma. Initial lesions involved cervical lymph nodes in five patients, and the skin in five patients. In five patients, hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was the initial clinical feature. There were 12 patients with advanced stage disease (stages III and IV). Chemotherapy and radiation was administered in 18 and 2 patients, respectively. Among the two patients who did not receive chemotherapy and radiation, one patient died while being treated for HPS but another improved spontaneously. Although 5 patients relapsed, 18 of 21 patients remained alive without disease at last follow‐up. Five‐year overall survival rate was 85.2%.ConclusionsGenerally, the outcome results of conventional chemotherapy for high‐risk PTCL are poor in adult patients. However, the excellent results in our study suggest that PTCL of childhood is quite different from that of adulthood. Although this study is first report about PTCL of Asian children, the number of patients was small in this study. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:212–215. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an epoxy octasilsesquioxane on the thermodegradation of an epoxy/amine system
Authors: Montero Belén , Ramírez Carmen , Rico Maite , Barral Luis , Díez Javier , López Joaquín 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS®) can be added to thermoplastic and thermostable polymers to obtain hybrid materials with only a minor tendency to suffer ignition. The aim of the work reported was to analyse the influence of an octafunctional POSS® in the pyrolysis of an epoxy/amine system as well as during the combustion process. Thermal degradation of the modified materials, with respect to the unmodified ones, was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. As the content of POSS® increased the stability improved and the char/ceramic yields were higher. The Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method was applied to the modified blends and it showed a decrease in the activation energy with POSS® content. Empirical kinetic models, as well as generalized master plots, were applied to explain the degradation mechanism for ternary blends. The limiting oxygen index parameter was measured to analyse the fire retardancy effect of POSS®: it increased from 24.3 to 25.4% with the addition of 2.5 wt% of POSS®. The mechanism of thermal degradation of the hybrid materials based on an epoxy resin is affected by the presence of the octaepoxy POSS®. Only small amounts of POSS® are necessary to enhance the combustion resistance of the system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Nicotinic acid/laropiprant: a new lipid‐modifying therapy
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Evans Marc 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTredaptive is a combination of nicotinic acid and laropiprant for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and primary hypercholesterolaemia. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin discusses the clinical data relating to its efficacy and side‐effects, and Dr Marc Evans describes its place in therapy. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
A bivariate survival model with compound Poisson frailty
Authors: Wienke A. , Ripatti S. , Palmgren J. , Yashin A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA correlated frailty model is suggested for analysis of bivariate time‐to‐event data. The model is an extension of the correlated power variance function (PVF) frailty model (correlated three‐parameter frailty model) (J. Epidemiol. Biostat. 1999; 4:53–60). It is based on a bivariate extension of the compound Poisson frailty model in univariate survival analysis (Ann. Appl. Probab. 1992; 4:951–972). It allows for a non‐susceptible fraction (of zero frailty) in the population, overcoming the common assumption in survival analysis that all individuals are susceptible to the event under study. The model contains the correlated gamma frailty model and the correlated inverse Gaussian frailty model as special cases. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the parameters is presented and its properties are studied in a small simulation study. This model is applied to breast cancer incidence data of Swedish twins. The proportion of women susceptible to breast cancer is estimated to be 15 per cent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible modeling of longitudinal highly skewed outcomes
Authors: Chen Huichao , Manatunga Amita K. , Lyles Robert H. , Peng Limin , Marcus Michele 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe analysis of data from epidemiologic and environmental studies presents challenges such as skewness of distribution, rounding and multiple measurements over time. To model trends over time based on repeated measurements, we propose a general latent model suitable for highly skewed data. The model assumes that the observed outcome is determined by an unobservable outcome that follows a Weibull distribution. To accommodate correlations among repeated responses over time, we introduce a general random effect from the power variance function (PVF) family of distributions, including the gamma distribution often employed in the literature. The resulting marginal likelihood has a closed form without resorting to numerical or approximation methods. We study estimation and hypothesis testing under these models, with different choices of random effect distributions. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate their performance. Finally, we apply the proposed method to exposure data collected from the Michigan polybrominated biphenyl (MIPBB) study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Marangoni instability of a liquid jet in the presence of electric field
Authors: Zakaria K. , Sirwah M. , Assaf A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe work discusses the linear and nonlinear stability of cylindrical surface deformations between two incompressible fluids. The interface is carrying a uniform surface charge. The inner fluid is assumed to be a liquid jet. Both fluids are modeled as a special type of a Newtonian viscous fluid. Furthemore, the effect of surface adsorption is taken into account. Both fluids are assumed to be dielectric and the stability is discussed in the presence of a constant electric field in axial direction. The analysis is performed along the lines of a multiple scale perturbation expansion with additional slow time and space variables. The various stability criteria are discussed both analytically and numerically. The results are displayed in many plots showing the stability criteria in various parameter planes. The results show the dual role of the electric field and the negative rate of change of surface tension with the concentration of surfactant on the system stability, in both the linear and nonlinear steps. The nonlinear theory, when used to investigate the stability of liquid jet, appears accurately to predict new unstable regions.
Free convection gas flow near a vertical porous plate with heat sources/sinks
Authors: Toki C.J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work, we study the two dimensional free‐convection boundary‐layer gas flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid near a moving porous, infinite and vertical plate (or wall) in the presence of heat sources/sinks. Exact solution of this problem is found with the help of Laplace transform technique. Analytical expressions of this solution for velocity, temperature, skin‐friction, and rate of heat transfer have been developed. The corresponding expressions for nonporous plate are discussed. The derived results are also discussed in details with the help of graphs for vertical air flows, in order to observe the effects of various governing parameters, such as the heat source/sink parameter. Furthermore, a comparison between the results obtained for porous plate and nonporous plate is illustrated in these graphs.
Analysis of Phospholipids in Rat Brain Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Norris Carmen , Fong Bertram , MacGibbon Alastair , McJarrow Paul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe brain is a lipid‐rich organ containing complex polar lipids including phospholipids (PLs) and sphingolipids. These lipids are involved in the structure and function of cell membranes in the brain. We developed a fast and efficient liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to quantify five different classes of PLs [Choline glycerophospholipid (consists of phosphatidyl choline and plasmenyl choline in these samples), ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (consist of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and plasmenyl ethanolamine in these samples), phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and sphingomyelin] in the brain tissues of 80‐day‐old Wistar rats. The PLs were extracted from rat brain using chloroform/methanol/water. After separation using a hydrophilic high performance liquid chromatography column, PL‐class‐specific fragmentation (head group identification) with a tandem mass spectrometer in positive ion mode was utilized to measure changes in the relative concentration of the five PL classes. The advantage of this approach was its improved specificity over previously reported LC–MS methods. The method had good repeatability (coefficient of variation 3–9%, excluding phosphatidyl inositol) and recovery (92–103%) and compared well with more laborious traditional methods.
Variation in the helminth community structure ofThrichomys pachyurus(Rodentia: Echimyidae) in two sub-regions of the Brazilian Pantanal: the effects of land use and seasonality
Authors: Simões R. , Gentile R. , Rademaker V. , D'Andrea P. , Herrera H. , Freitas T. , Lanfredi R. , Maldonado A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Pantanal is a large ecosystem located in South America. This preserved area is seasonally flooded due to abundant rainfall during the summer and the subsequent overflow of the Paraguai River. In this paper, we examine the helminth community structure in the wild rodentThrichomys pachyurusduring the wet and dry seasons in two locations of the preserved and cattle ranching areas in the Southern Pantanal. We identified 12 species of helminth, and, although we did not find any differences in species richness between locations within the Pantanal, we found that richness was higher during the wet season. Helminth species were largely aggregated in both farm locations and during seasons. The most common helminth species were more abundant during the dry season than during the wet season, which may have been due to the increased habitat availability and rodent population increase. The intensity of the infection also followed the same pattern for most helminths. The trichostrongylids (Heligmostrongylus crucifer,H. almeidaiandPudica cercomysi) were dominant at both farm locations. The land use of each area was not correlated with helminth diversity. However, species composition of the helminth community ofT. pachyurusdiffered between locations and may be correlated with environmental differences between the habitats. The seasonality of the Pantanal was highly correlated with helminth parasitism inT. pachyurus.
Blood parasitaemia in a high latitude flexible breeder, the white-winged crossbill,Loxia leucoptera: contribution of seasonal relapse versus new inoculations
Authors: DEVICHE P. , FOKIDIS H. B. , LERBOUR B. , GREINER E. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYWe measured seasonal changes in the prevalence of haematozoa (Leucocytozoon fringillinarum, Haemoproteus fringillae, andTrypanosoma avium) in free-ranging White-winged Crossbills,Loxia leucoptera, over 1·5 year in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. This prevalence was low during early winter.L. fringillinarumprevalence increased in late winter/early spring, in the absence of vectors, suggesting relapse of latent infection. By contrast, the prevalence ofT. aviumandH. fringillaedid not increase until mid-spring, coincident with the emergence of putative vectors and suggestive of new inoculations. The winter breeding period was not associated with lower body condition or elevated blood heterophil/lymphocyte ratios than the summer post-breeding period. Thus, birds unlikely perceived their breeding effort as particularly stressful. Adult males in May and June had low plasma testosterone and their blood prevalence ofL. fringillinarum, but not other haemoparasites, was higher than in adult females. This difference may have resulted from sex differences in behaviour and/or plumage colouration – bright red in males, dull green/yellow in females. Species in which reproduction and vector abundance are seasonally dissociated may constitute important models for investigating the respective contribution of reproductive hormones, breeding effort, and vector abundance to patent and latent hemoparasitic infections and to new inoculations.
Decay of similarity with host phylogenetic distance in parasite faunas
Authors: POULIN R. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYExponential decay in community similarity as a function of distance is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biogeography. Thus, for parasite communities, pairwise similarity decreases with increasing geographical distance between host populations. This biogeographical rule should also apply along other dimensions characterizing the separation between communities. Since host-switching and phylogenetic affinities among host species affect the evolution of parasite faunas across host phylogenetic space the same way as dispersal and environmental gradients affect the assembly of local communities in geographical space, an exponential decay in similarity of parasite faunas with increasing host phylogenetic distance should be observed. This prediction is tested using data on metazoan parasites of 45 species of Canadian freshwater fishes belonging to 5 families. Across all host species, pairwise similarity in the composition of parasite faunas decayed exponentially, though not strongly, with increasing phylogenetic distance between hosts (measured as the number of substitutions per site along DNA sequences). A meta-analysis of correlations computed for separate fish families indicates only a very weak overall relationship. Data distribution indicates that phylogenetically close host species tend to share many of their parasites, while phylogenetically distant hosts have roughly equal chances of harbouring very similar or very dissimilar parasite faunas. The same pattern was seen when monogenean and trematode parasites were analysed separately, whereas no significant decay was observed for cestodes or nematodes, suggesting different patterns of host-switching and parasite colonization among these taxa. The results show that similarity in species composition decreases, though weakly, with increasing distance in the same manner in phylogenetic space as it does in geographical space.
How the divine properties fit together: reply to Gwiazda
Authors: SWINBURNE RICHARD 
Published: October 2009

AbstractJeremy Gwiazda has criticized my claim that God, understood as an omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly free person is a person ‘of the simplest possible kind’ on the grounds that omnipotence etc. as spelled out by me are omnipotence etc. of restricted kinds, and so less simple forms of these properties than maximal forms would be. However the account which I gave of these properties in The Christian God (although not in The Coherence of Theism) shows that, when they are defined in certain ways, they all follow from one property of ‘pure, limitless, intentional power’. I argue here that a person who has these properties so defined is a person ‘of the simplest possible kind’.
MICROTONAL STORM AND STRESS: GEORGY RIMSKY-KORSAKOV AND QUARTER-TONE MUSIC IN 1920S SOVIET RUSSIA
Authors: Ader Lidia 
Published: October 2009

‘Passed by the political censor’ – Commissar LunacharskyThe new Russian generation of composers in 1920s Russia is widely known as the ‘musical avant-garde’. Maximilian Shteinberg, the professor of the Petrograd-Leningrad Conservatoire, who studied under Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, called his pupils more simply: ‘musical lefties’. The older generation tried to define this new trend that was evolving as the younger generation' explorations in the fields of musical systems, sounds, subjects, etc. Among the radical musical events in 1920s Soviet Russia, the quarter-tone system of temperament takes first place.
N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Ventricular Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kocharian Armen , Shabanian Reza , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Kiani Abdolrazagh , Hosseini Ahmad , Zanjani Keyhan Sayadpour , Heidari-Bateni Giv , Hosseini-Navid Nasrollah 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOur aim was further to clarify the diagnostic usefulness of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for detecting ventricular dysfunction in children, and its correlation with myocardial performance index and New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index score. We also hypothesized that the level of this natriuretic peptide in the serum could predict the severity of diastolic abnormalities in children with cardiac failure. We enrolled 99 patients, aged from 3 months to 16 years, who had been referred for echocardiography to evaluate ventricular function. Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction was found in 20 and 42 patients, respectively. We classified these patients as having impaired relaxation, seen in 12 patients, pseudonormal patterns seen in 19 patients, and restrictive-like patterns of filling seen in 11 patients. The mean of the log-transformed values for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide increased significantly according to the severity of diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.003, p = 0.022, p < 0.0001). A value of 178 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 81% for detecting abnormal diastolic function (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the log-transformed values correlated with myocardial performance index (p < 0.0001) in a positive manner, and the levels increased significantly according to New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index score, showing a linear correlation with a robust r value for regression (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that higher levels of the peptide, having a good correlation with New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index score and myocardial performance index, might be a suitable marker to rule out ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children.
Diagnosis and management of congenital right pulmonary venous atresia
Authors: Argueta-Morales I. Ricardo , Garg Ruchira , DeCampli William M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCongenital unilateral pulmonary venous atresia is a rare anatomical defect. Patients present with pulmonary symptoms, and diagnosis may be ellusive. Pulmonary arterial wedge angiography is the gold standard with which to achieve diagnosis, and surgical intervention is often required for symptomatic patients.
Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children
Authors: PIZZO R. , URBEN S. , VAN DER LINDEN M. , BORRADORI-TOLSA C. , FRESCHI M. , FORCADA-GUEX M. , HÜPPI P. , BARISNIKOV K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. (JINS, 2010, 16, 130–137.)
Economic growth related to mutually interdependent institutions and technology
Authors: LIPSEY RICHARD G. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:This paper argues that technological advance is a necessary condition for sustained economic growth. Technologies and institutions co-evolve in a system of mutual causation. Although some institutions inhibit growth while others encourage it, no single institution is either necessary or sufficient to produce sustained growth. However, some non-unique bundle of encouraging institutions is necessary. Sustained growth began with the Industrial Revolutions that did not just ‘fall out of the blue’ but were instead the culmination of three trajectories of technological advance in steam power, electric power, and the mechanization of textile manufacturing. These stretched over several centuries. Growth then became sustained when the West ‘invented how to invent’. A necessary condition for the Industrial Revolutions was Western science whose roots lie as far back as the scholastic philosophers and the medieval universities. Its absence elsewhere is a sufficient reason why no other place developed its own indigenous industrial revolution.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Pediatrics
Authors: Hersh Adam L. , Beekmann Susan E. , Polgreen Philip M. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Newland Jason G. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and barriers to implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in pediatrics.Design and Participants.In December 2008, we surveyed the pediatric members of the Emerging Infections Network, a network of infectious diseases consultants located throughout North America. Participants responded regarding whether their hospital had or planned to develop an ASP, its characteristics, barriers to improvement or implementation, and perceptions about antimicrobial resistance.Results.Of 246 pediatric infectious disease consultants surveyed, 147 (60%) responded. Forty-five respondents (33%) reported having an ASP, and 25 (18%) were planning a program. The percentage of respondents from freestanding children's hospitals who were planning ASPs was higher than the percentage of respondents from other settings who were planning ASPs (P= .04). Most existing programs were developed before 2000 and had a limited number of full-time equivalent staff, and few programs used a prospective audit-and-feedback structure. Many programs were not monitoring important end points associated with ASPs, including cost and number of antibiotic-days. The major barriers to implementation of an ASP were lack of resources, including funding, time, and personnel, noted by more than 50% of respondents. Regardless of the presence of an ASP, respondents perceived antibiotic resistance as a more significant problem nationally than at their local hospital (P< .001).Conclusions.The prevalence of ASPs in pediatrics is limited, and opportunities exist to improve current programs.