bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astroblastomas: A Pathological Study of 23 Tumors, with a Postoperative Follow-up in 13 Patients
Authors: Bonnin Jose M. , Rubinstein Lucien J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Astroblastomas are rare, usually circumscribed, supratentorial tumors of young subjects and are characterized by a perivascular arrangement of the tumor cells. Their clinical behavior is unpredictable and their prognosis has been regarded as intermediate between that of astrocytomas and glioblastomas. A personal series of 23 astroblastomas was reviewed, adequate postoperative follow-up being available in 13 patients. Two distinct histological types were encountered: low-grade and high-grade. The low-grade type comprised tumors with better differentiated and more benign-appearing microscopical features. Five of the 8 patients with tumors of this type who were available for follow-up have survived from 3 to 20 years after treatment; in I patient the tumor converted into a fatal glioblastoma after 4½12; years. The high-grade type consisted of tumors with more anaplastic features. Three of the 4 patients with tumors of this type available for follow-up died after 1½12; to 2½12; years, the astroblastomas in 2 of them having converted into a glioblastoma and a gliosarcoma, respectively. One patient, however, has had an unexpected length of postoperative survival of 11½12; years. The best clinical results were obtained after total or subtotal resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy. The role of chemotherapy is still uncertain. This form of glioma illustrates the discrepancies that may sometimes be apparent between histopathological features and length of postoperative survival. The prognosis is also further complicated by the potential of the astroblastoma to convert into a more malignant type of glioma.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Hydroxylapatite Fusion
Authors: Senter Howard J. , Kortyna Rick , Kemp William R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The outcome of microscopic anterior cervical discectomy with iliac crest interbody fusion in a group of 75 patients was compared with that of microscopic anterior cervical discectomy with synthetic hydroxylapatite fusion in a group of 84 patients. The rate of relief of myelopathy (70%) was similar in both groups, but those who underwent synthetic fusion had better long-term relief of radiculopathy, less need for a second operation at the same or an adjacent level, no resorption of the bone plug, comparable spinal alignment and stability, and the elimination of complications at the iliac crest donor site. The data suggest that hydroxylapatite fusion may be equal or superior to autologous iliac crest interbody fusion for anterior cervical disc surgery.
Hemodynamic Assessment of the Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformation with Intraoperative Microvascular Doppler Ultrasound: Case Report
Authors: Giller Cole A. , Meyer Yves J. , Batjer Hunt H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Microvascular Doppler recordings were taken from the nidus and draining system of a dural spinal cord arteriovenous malformation during operative treatment. Doppler signals readily showed the direction of blood flow in the draining vein and the hemodynamic effects of surgical maneuvers. Recording during alterations of mean arterial blood pressure and partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) demonstrated lack of autoregulation and impaired CO2 reactivity in the AVM nidus. Microvascular Doppler techniques provide useful intraoperative assessment of the hemodynamics of arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord.
Tumors of the Choroid Plexus in Children
Authors: Ellenbogen Richard G. , Winston Ken R. , Kupsky William J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Primary neoplasms of the choroid plexus in children are surgically treatable, and the encouraging results of surgical removal, even for carcinoma, justify an aggressive surgical approach, Forty cases operated on over a span of 45 years have been reviewed in detail, including a rereading of all microscopic slides. The prognosis for children with papilloma has been excellent. The 5-year survival rate for children with carcinoma of the choroid plexus was 50%, and all deaths occurred within 7 months of operation. The patients whose carcinomas were totally removed had a better prognosis than did those with subtotal removal.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lipomyelomeningocele and Tethered Cord
Authors: Brophy John D. , Sutton Leslie N. , Zimmerman Robert A. , Bury Edward , Schut Luis 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The operative and magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of 25 patients with the diagnosis of lipomyelomeningocele and/or tethered cord were compared. Postoperative MRI scans of eight patients, five of whom were in stable condition, were also compared with the preoperative studies. In this review there was one false negative MRI scan and four MRI scans in which the relationship of the lipoma to the conus or filum was not demonstrated accurately. In six patients, incidental intramedullary cystic lesions at the conus were identified by MRI scan. All eight postoperative (1 month to 2 years) scans demonstrated no change in the level of the conus from the preoperative study. MRI is an accurate screening modality in the initial diagnosis of occult spinal dysraphism. MRI was not useful in the postoperative evaluation of lipomyelomeningocele and the tethered cord, since the caudal, posterior displacement of the conus was unchanged in all studies.
Anatomical Evaluation of the Caudal Regression Syndrome (Lumbosacral Agenesis) with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Pappas C. T. E. , Seaver Linda , Carrion Carlos , Rekate Harold 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Caudal regression syndrome involves absence of the sacrococcygeal vertebrae with or without lumbar vertebral defects. Since the neurological condition of infants with this syndrome deteriorates, radiographic studies are important to rule out any surgically correctable lesion. A paraplegic male neonate with a vertebral canal ending at T11 is presented. This is the first report of using magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the spinal cord and surrounding soft tissues involved in this syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging provides more anatomical details than myelogram with computed tomography, which greatly aids in determining whether surgery is necessary.
Cerebral Cavernous Angiomas in the First Year of Life
Authors: Gangemi Michelangelo , Longatti Pieluigi , Maiuri Francesco , Cinalli Giuseppe , Carteri Alessandro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two rare cases of cerebral cavernous angiomas in two infants. 9 and 6 months old, respectively, are reported and the other 11 cases in the literature concerning patients in the first year of life are reviewed. Cavernous angiomas of the brain occur rarely in the first year of life and present with seizures and head enlargement. On computed tomographic scan they typically appear as large, hyperdense, unenhanced masses, with large cysts and must be differentiated from tumors more common in infants, such as teratomas, ependymomas, and mixed tumors. Total removal is often possible, even with large lesions, because of the small amount of bleeding and the well-defined limits of the mass.
Steroid Hormone Receptors in Meningiomas of Chinese Patients
Authors: Lee Liang-Shong , Chi Chin-Wen , Chang Tai-Jay , Chou Min-Deh , Liu Hsiu-Chih , Liu Tsung-Yun 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Meningioma is a hormone-related intracranial tumor. Brain tumor samples were collected from 32 Chinese patients, 20 of whom had meningiomas. Estrogen receptors were present in 6 of 17 meningiomas, 1 hemangioblastoma, 1 gemistocytic astrocytoma, and 1 neurilemoma. Of the 26 samples assayed for progesterone receptors, measurable bindings were found in 14 of 17 meningiomas, 1 of 2 astrocytomas, 1 malignant lymphoma, 1 hemangioblastoma, 1 ganglioglioma, 1 glioblastoma multiforme, 1 anaplastic ependymoma, 1 small cell sarcoma, and 1 neurilemoma. Androgen receptors were found in 8 of 19 meningiomas, but not in the 11 other brain tumors examined. Measurable glucocorticoid receptors were found in 15 of 19 meningiomas, 1 malignant lymphoma, 1 hemangioblastoma, 2 craniopharyngiomas, 1 neurilemoma, 1 of 2 glioblastomas, and 1 of 2 astrocytomas. Of the 10 samples examined for tyrosine aminotransferase activity, measurable enzyme activity was found in 7 of the 8 meningiomas, but not in the single hemangioblastoma nor in the single craniopharyngioma. In accordance with other published studies, the results from this study also suggest that the growth of meningiomas may be regulated by hormones, and that the role steroid hormones and their receptors play in the meningioma is worthy of further investigation.
Intracranial Meningioma Subsequent to Radiation for a Pituitary Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Sridhar K. , Ramamurthi B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors report a case of an intracranial meningioma that developed 33 years after radiation therapy for a pituitary tumor. Radiation-induced tumors form a distinct biological group with aggressive growth characteristics and a malignant potential.
Discitis Caused by the Centers for Disease Control Microorganism Group Ve-1
Authors: Levy David I. , Bucci Michael N. , Hoff Julian T. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An unusual case of discitis in a 60-year-old, insulin-dependent, diabetic man is presented. Radiographs of the lumbar spine demonstrated changes associated with infection of the intervertebral disc space. Cultures from the L5-S1 disc space grew the microorganism designated by the Centers for Disease Control as Group Ve-1, an organism that has had questionable clinical significance in the past, and has not been reported as a pathogen in an intervertebral disc space.
Intracranial Cavernous Angioma in the Dura
Authors: Isla Alberto , Roda José M. , Alvarez Fernando , Muñoz Jesús , García Eugenia , Blázquez Martín G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Cavernous malformations located in the dura are rare. We present a case of a large cavernous malformation located in the anterior fossa and implanted in the dura of a pregnant woman. It showed great vascularization on an angiogram, and resembled a meningioma on computed tomographic scan. The operation was difficult because of the tumor's great vascularity and profuse bleeding.
Recovery of Gonadal Function After Resection of an Oligodendroglioma Localized in the Anterior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle: Relation to Pulsatile Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone
Authors: Saitoh Youichi , Arita Norio , Hayakawa Toru , Nakao Kazutami , Mogami Heitaro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 21-year-old man with an oligodendroglioma in the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle complained of sexual dysfunction and showed lowered concentrations of serum testosterone (1.1 ng/ml) with normal pituitary function. Human chorionic gonadotropin testing revealed a good testosterone response (1.1 to 4.9 ng/ml) and a clomiphene test revealed no gonadotropin response. Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was absent preoperatively. After removal of the tumor, serum concentration of testosterone increased to the normal range, LH pulsatility appeared, and the patient had no complaints of sexual dysfunction. In this patient, the loss of LH pulsatility responsible for his hypogonadism was caused by the lateral ventricle tumor compressing the surrounding structures, and this was corrected by tumor resection.
Mobile Schwannoma of the Cauda Equina Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Isu Toyohiko , Iwasaki Yoshinobu , Akino Minoru , Nagashima Masafumi , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three cases of a mobile cauda equina schwannoma, preoperatively diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, are described. When dealing with tumors of the cauda equina, it is important to carry out a second magnetic resonance imaging scan after changes in posture, bearing in mind the possibility of mobility of the tumor.
Arterio-inferior Sagittal Sinus Fistulae: Case Report
Authors: Morgan Michael K. , Sundt Thoralf M. , Houser Wayne O. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The management of the case of a 9-year-old boy with progressive cognitive impairment due to arteriovenous fistulae at the apex of the inferior sagittal sinus is reported. This represents a unique location for an extraparenchymal deep central arteriovenous malformation. The patient underwent staged ablation of the lesion by surgery. The postoperative course was complicated by expansion of an aneurysmal vein of Galen undergoing thrombosis and hyperperfusion syndrome, but the patient ultimately made a satisfactory recovery.
The Effect of Pin Location on the Rigidity of the Halo Pin-Bone Interface
Authors: Ballock Tracy R. , Lee Thay Q. , Triggs Kevin J. , Woo Savio L.-Y. , Garfin Steven R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Optimal insertion of halo fixation pins to maximize the rigidity of the interface between the halo pins and the outer table of the skull is important in reducing the incidence of pin loosening. An in vitro biomechanical study was performed using cadaver skulls to investigate the effects of pin location on the rigidity of this pin-bone interface. Halo pins were inserted at nine positions within a recommended “safe zone” for pin insertion. It was found that the rigidity of the pinbone interface progressively decreased as pins were inserted more superiorly on the calvaria. The rigidity of the interface did not change significantly when the location of the pins was varied in the horizontal axis. This reduction in interface rigidity associated with inserting pins more superiorly on the skull may be related to an increase in the angle of insertion of the pins with respect to the surface of the calvaria. Based on this study, a change in the technique of halo pin insertion is recommended. Pins should be placed as inferiorly as possible, close to the supraorbital ridge, to achieve the most perpendicular angle of insertion and thus the most rigid fixation. The improved rigidity obtained with perpendicular pin insertion may minimize the rate of pin loosening and other complications associated with use of the halo orthosis. (Neurosurgery 26:238-241. 1990)
Pituitary Adenomas that Produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and A-Subunit: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies in Nine Cases
Authors: Berg Kathryn K. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Felix Ignacio , Kovacs Kalman , Horvath Eva , Klee George G. , Laws Edward R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Eight surgical and one autopsy specimen of pituitary adenomas (six cases of Cushing's disease, two of Nelson's syndrome. and one of hypopituitarism) were studied by histochemical, immunohistocytological, and ultrastructural methods. Eight tumors showed the characteristic histochemical profile of corticotroph adenoma—amphophilic to basophilic, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive to some extent. In all tumors, immunohistochemical studies revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and à-subunit in the cytoplasm of some adenoma cells. By electron microscopy, seven tumors were found to be monomorphous; six were typical corticotroph adenomas and one was a subtype II silent corticotroph adenoma. One unique lesion was bimorphous—i.e., composed of corticotrophs as well as cells resembling glycoprotein cells. Immunoelectron microscopy by the double-labeling immunogold technique, performed on one corticotroph adenoma, demonstrated the presence of ACTH and à-subunit not only within the same adenoma cells but also within the same secretory granules. The cytogenesis of ACTH à-subunit tumors, a rare form of plurihormonal adenoma. remains to be elucidated. The duration of disease associated with these tumors exceeded the duration in patients with ordinary corticotroph adenomas. Given the low frequency with which increases in serum à-subunit are detectable in patients with such tumors—13% in this series—hormone production is not recognized at preoperative evaluation.
Multiple Peripheral Aneurysms of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Associated with a Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Mintz Arlan , Cosgrove Rees G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors describe a rare case of multiple peripheral aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery found in association with a midline cerebellar arteriovenous malformation. Successful trapping of the aneurysms and excision of the arteriovenous malformation was accomplished with an excellent clinical result. The literature concerning aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, cerebellar arteriovenous malformations, and combined intracranial vascular abnormalities is discussed.
An Unusual Type of Hangman's Fracture
Authors: Marotta T. R. , White L. , TerBrugge K. G. , Spiegel S. M. , Stevens J. K. , Tator C. M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An unusual fracture of the axis was best displayed using three-dimensional reconstruction. The fracture was noted to differ significantly from the usual “hangman's fracture” as it involved the body of C2 with subluxation of the anterior part of C2 forward on C3 and without “decompression” of the spinal canal at the C2 level. Better understanding made feasible by three-dimensional reconstruction had important treatment implications in this case.
Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformation in a Patient with Familial Intracranial Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Lee Stuart K. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The case of a 30-year-old woman with a hemorrhage caused by a rare intramedullary cavernous malformation is presented. The patient underwent laminectomy with total removal of the lesion. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated multiple cavernous malformations. The patient's asymptomatic sister also had multiple intracranial cavernous malformations, one of which was associated with a venous malformation.
Positron Emission Tomographic Studies on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Patients with Cerebral Contusion
Authors: Tenjin Hiroshi , Ueda Satoshi , Mizukawa Norihiko , Imahori Yoshio , Hino Akihiko , Yamaki Tarumi , Kuboyama Tetsuhiko , Ebisu Toshihiko , Hirakawa Kimiyoshi , Yamashita Masato , Nakahashi Hisamitsu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Positron emission tomography is currently one of the most useful methods for measurements of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism, because it facilitates accurate analysis of the local cerebral circulation in three-dimensional quantitative images. In this study, we performed positron emission tomography studies to measure cerebral circulation in a total of 11 patients who sustained head injuries with contusion. Several parameters were measured including regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood volume, permeability, and regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. Data from brains both with and without contusion were analyzed for chronological changes, in the subacute stage from the 8th to 29th day and in the chronic stage until 360 days after the injury and compared with similar data in a group of normal subjects. It was concluded that in the subacute stage, regional cerebral blood flow decreased (26 ± 7 and 39 ± 10 ml/100 g/min) and regional cerebral blood volume increased (5.6 ± 1.8 and 5.4 ± 0.9 ml/100 g) both in areas of cerebral contusion and in areas remote from cerebral contusion and that permeability increased in areas of contusion but not in remote brain areas. In the chronic stage, these parameters showed a tendency for recovery.
Clinical versus Subclinical Pituitary Apoplexy: Presentation, Surgical Management, and Outcome in 21 Patients
Authors: Onesti Stephen T. , Wisniewski Thomas , Post Kalmon D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A retrospective review of 16 consecutive patients with pituitary apoplexy treated over a 10-year period is reported. Eight men and 8 women (mean age, 48 years) underwent transsphenoidal decompression after an average duration of symptoms of 19 days. The diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy was made by the sudden onset of headache (88%), nausea (56%), or meningismus (13%), with or without visual disturbances (75%), in the setting of a sellar tumor on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Thirteen of 16 patients showed significant improvement of symptoms after surgery (average follow-up, 2.5 years). In addition, 5 patients with clinically silent yet extensive pituitary hemorrhage were treated. Although extensive pituitary hemorrhage often produced fulminant apoplexy, it also presented insidiously over many days with few, if any, clinical signs. Rapid diagnosis, endocrine replacement, and transsphenoidal decompression constituted effective therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (after at least 12 hours of symptoms) was superior to computed tomography in detecting hemorrhage.
Calcified Metastatic Brain Tumor
Authors: Tashiro Yuzuru , Kondo Akinori , Aoyama Ikuhiro , Nin Kiyoshi , Shimotake Katsumi , Tashiro Haruhiko , Nishioka Tatsuya 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The case of a 57-year-old woman with a calcified metastatic brain tumor. histologically confirmed to be a squamous cell carcinoma, is reported. This patient is unusual because this metastatic squamous cell carcinoma contained an extraordinary huge conglomerated calcification, that was well-defined radiographically. This case is documented with a discussion of the pathogenesis of the calcification.
Multiparameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System: Correlation of Nuclear Antigen p105 and DNA Content with Clinical Behavior
Authors: Appley Alan J. , Fitzgibbons Patrick L. , Chandrasoma Parakrama T. , Hinton David R. , Apuzzo Michael L. J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Analysis of the DNA content of various solid tumors and hematological malignancies may provide useful prognostic information. To date, however, there has been a striking lack of correlation between DNA content in neoplasms of the central nervous system and clinical behavior. Simultaneous quantitation of DNA content and proliferation-associated nuclear antigen (p105) by flow cytometry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues representing three major groups of central nervous system neoplasms—1) 21 astrocytic tumors, 2) 13 pituitary tumors, and 3) 19 meningiomas-and the results were correlated with clinical behavior. All 4 well-differentiated gliomas were diploid, while 3 of 9 anaplastic astrocytomas and 1 of 8 glioblastomas had a demonstrable aneuploid peak. Three of 13 pituitary tumors had an identifiable aneuploid peak, while only 2 of 19 meningiomas had an aneuploid DNA content. Cell-cycle analysis of the malignant gliomas revealed a significantly higher proliferative index (PI, %S + G2M) compared with the well-differentiated astrocytomas (P&lt; 0.05). Within the subgroup of diploid anaplastic astrocytomas, however, extended patient survival appeared to be associated with a higher PI. For diploid pituitary adenomas, the PI was consistently lower in the 3 tumors that recurred than it was in the remaining 8 adenomas. Nuclear antigen quantitation of diploid tumors showed a wide range of p105 expression in G0G1cells, suggesting that, within each tumor, the cells are heterogeneous with respect to proliferative activity. Aneuploid nuclei of glial tumors showed enhanced expression of p105 relative to diploid cells of the same specimen. In pituitary tumors, the median G2M/G0G1fluorescence ratio for p105 was significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) for the 3 diploid recurrent tumors than for those that did not recur. These data support the assumption that the aggressive clinical course of malignant glial neoplasms may be related to an abnormal DNA stemline and/or an alteration in cell proliferative activity. Cell cycle analysis and measurement of p105 by this technique may provide information useful from both a prognostic standpoint and in directing adjuvant therapy.