bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P13 Keratinocyte heterogeneity and dynamics in human skin wound healing
Authors: Lee Jia Jun , Higgins Claire 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction and aims
Human chronic skin wounds have been extensively characterized, but ethical limitations of collecting and studying wounds from healthy individuals means there is a sparsity of data regarding re-epithelialization in normal wound healing. Here, we characterize ex vivo models of wound closure in human skin to better understand the keratinocyte dynamics of normal healing.

Methods
We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) from ex vivo skin explants 2 days postwounding (n = 4) to interrogate heterogeneity in keratinocytes relative to the wound edge. Immunostaining was also conducted on sections from skin explants at different timepoints during wound closure. Scratch assays were conducted using isolated human keratinocytes. Specific zones of keratinocytes were separated relative to the original scratch, 6 h postscratch, and used for real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.

Results
We found that partial re-epithelialization and full healing of 2-mm wounds occurred 2–3 days and 4 days postwounding, respectively. Analyses of the scRNA-Seq data showed an increase in S100A7 expression in suprabasal keratinocyte subclusters in wounded skin compared with unwounded skin. Using immunostaining we also showed that S100A7 is expressed at the leading edge of the regenerating epidermis. In an in vitro scratch wound model, the keratinocytes nearest to the wound edge also show an upregulation of S100A7, EGFR, EPHA4 and TIMP1, as well as a downregulation in PCNA, implying a decrease in cell proliferation in leading keratinocytes.

Conclusions
S100A7 was previously reported to be increased at the wound edge in human keratinocytes, highlighting that transcriptional changes in our ex vivo and in vitro human wound healing models reflect those occurring in vivo. The decrease in PCNA in keratinocytes in the leading edge also recapitulates Results previously shown in mouse models of wound healing. These data on normal re-epithelialization will be compared with published data on human chronic wounds and other skin diseases.
P22 A single-cell map of the epigenomic landscape in keratinocytes exposed to the cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sadeghi Laia , Ardern-Jones Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction and aims
In atopic dermatitis (AD), induction of inflammatory responses regulated by cytokines such as of thymic stromal lymphopoietin exacerbate the disrupted integrity of the skin barrier. Cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and IL-22, present in the skin milieu, bind to their corresponding receptors on the cell surface of keratinocytes, activating multiple signal transduction pathways that lead to changes in the gene expression profile of keratinocytes, in part, by modulating chromatin structure. Understanding the intricate interplay between cytokine-mediated signalling pathways in keratinocytes and the resulting epigenetic changes is essential for elucidating the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we utilized high-throughput technology to examine the effects of cytokines on modulation of the epigenetic landscape at the keratinocyte single-cell level, and subsequent effects on the gene expression.

Methods
We utilized the reconstructed human epidermis model, an in vitro three-dimensional human epidermis model consisting of a polycarbonate membrane and keratinocytes mimicking the structure of native human epidermis. Following exposure to AD cytokine(s), the model gene expression and chromatin accessibility of target cells were analysed using single-cell multiomics approaches.

Results
Our preliminary data show that IL-4, IL-13 and IL-22 reduce the expression levels of the barrier-related gene filaggrin in keratinocytes.

Conclusions
Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic alterations are dynamic and can be restored to their normal state, which has major implications for the development of therapeutics for various diseases. This study will provide valuable insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying AD and present potential targets for epigenetic-related therapeutic interventions. These interventions can be used in combination with available compounds to reduce the recurrence of AD and improve the treatment efficiency.
The role of cathelicidins in neutrophil biology
Authors: Yoon Grace , Puentes Rodrigo , Tran Jacquelyn , Multani Anmol , Cobo Eduardo R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite their relatively short lifespan, neutrophils are tasked with counteracting pathogens through various functions, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and host defense peptides. Regarding the latter, small cationic cathelicidins present a conundrum in neutrophil function. Although primarily recognized as microbicides with an ability to provoke pores in microbial cell walls, the ability of cathelicidin to modulate key neutrophil functions is also of great importance, including the release of chemoattractants, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, plus prolonging neutrophil lifespan. Cumulative evidence indicates a less recognized role of cathelicidin as an “immunomodulator”; however, this term is not always explicit, and its relevance in neutrophil responses during infection and inflammation is seldom discussed. This review compiles and discusses studies of how neutrophils use cathelicidin to respond to infections, while also acknowledging immunomodulatory aspects of cathelicidin through potential crosstalk between sources of the peptide.
Sleeping but not defenceless: seed dormancy and protection
Authors: Hubert Benjamin , Leprince Olivier , Buitink Julia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To ensure their vital role in disseminating the species, dormant seeds have developed adaptive strategies to protect themselves against pathogens and predators. This is orchestrated through the synthesis of an array of constitutive defences that are put in place in a developmentally regulated manner, which are the focus of this review. We summarize the defence activity and the nature of the molecules coming from the exudate of imbibing seeds that leak into their vicinity, also referred to as the spermosphere. As a second layer of protection, the dual role of the seed coat will be discussed; as a physical barrier and a multi-layered reservoir of defence compounds that are synthesized during seed development. Since imbibed dormant seeds can persist in the soil for extensive periods, we address the question of whether during this time a constitutively regulated defence programme is switched on to provide further protection, via the well-defined pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family. In addition, we review the hormonal and signalling pathways that might be involved in the interplay between dormancy and defence and point out questions that need further attention.
NiS ultrafine nanorod with translational and rotational symmetry
Authors: Kang Jianxin , Hu Qi , Zhang Ruixuan , Gao Ang , Huang Zhongning , Su Ziming , Pei Ke , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Li-Min , Che Renchao , Gu Lin , Guo Er-Jia , Guo Lin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Anisotropy is a significant and prevalent characteristic of materials, conferring orientation-dependent properties, meaning that the creation of original symmetry enables key functionality that is not found in nature. Even with the advancements in atomic machining, synthesis of separated symmetry in different directions within a single structure remains an extraordinary challenge. Here, we successfully fabricate NiS ultrafine nanorods with separated symmetry along two directions. The atomic structure of the nanorod exhibits rotational symmetry in the radial direction, while its axial direction is characterized by divergent translational symmetry, surpassing the conventional crystalline structures known to date. It does not fit the traditional description of the space group and the point group in three dimensions, so we define it as a new structure in which translational symmetry and rotational symmetry are separated. Further corroborating the atomic symmetric separation in the electronic structure, we observed the combination of stripe and vortex magnetic domains in a single nanorod with different directions, in accordance with the atomic structure. The manipulation of nanostructure at the atomic level introduces a novel approach to regulate new properties finely, leading to the proposal of new nanotechnology mechanisms.
Distinct features of ANCA-associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis compared with other etiologies: findings from a study of 74 patients
Authors: Martín-Nares Eduardo , Romero-Sánchez Griselda , Cortez-Domínguez Edwin Ulises , Cano-Cruz Lilian Guadalupe , Hinojosa-Azaola Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to characterize the clinical and radiological features, and outcomes, of a large cohort of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) patients from a single centre.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary referral centre, encompassing patients diagnosed with HP between 2003 and 2022. The diagnosis of HP relied on the identification of thickening of the dura mater via MRI of the brain or spine.

Results
We included 74 patients, with a mean age of 43.6 ± 14.2 years, of whom 37 (50%) were male. Among the 74, 32 (43.2%) had an immune-mediated origin, including 21 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (predominantly PR3-ANCA positive), four with SLE, three with IgG4-related disease, three with idiopathic HP, and one with RA. Non-immune-mediated HP accounted for 45 cases (56.8%). Within this category, 21 (28.4%) were infectious cases, with 14 having Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TB-HP), and 21 (28.4%) having malignancy-associated HP. The clinical and MRI characteristics exhibited variations among the four etiological groups. Hypoglycorrhachia was primarily observed in infectious HP and malignancy-associated HP. Immune-mediated HP was associated with a peripheral pattern of contrast enhancement and the Eiffel-by-night sign. MRI features strongly indicative of TB-HP included leptomeningeal involvement, brain parenchymal lesions, and arterial stroke. MPO-ANCA GPA was associated with a higher prevalence of spinal HP.

Conclusios
Within our cohort, GPA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis emerged as the predominant causes of HP. We identified significant disparities in clinical and radiological features among the various etiologies, which could have implications for diagnosis.
International Experience of Implementing Cognitive Remediation for People With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Dark Frances L , Amado Isabelle , Erlich Matthew D , Ikezawa Satoru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Cognitive remediation (CR) is an effective therapy for the cognitive impact of mental illness, especially schizophrenia. Global efforts are being made to implement CR into routine mental health services with the aim of improving functional outcomes for the population of people recovering from mental illness. Implementation and dissemination of CR in heterogeneous settings require knowledge gleaned from formal implementation research and pragmatic experiential learning. This article describes cross-cultural approaches to CR implementation, focusing on initiatives in France, the United States, Australia, and Japan.

Method
Key leaders in the implementation of CR in France, the United States, Australia, and Japan were asked to describe the implementation and dissemination process in their settings with respect to the categories of context, implementation, outcomes, facilitators, and barriers.

Results
All 4 sites noted the role of collaboration to leverage the implementation of CR into mental health rehabilitation services. In France, high-level, government organizational backing enhanced the dissemination of CR. Academic and clinical service partnerships in the United States facilitated the dissemination of programs. The advocacy from service users, families, and carers can aid implementation. The support from international experts in the field can assist in initiating programs but maintenance and dissemination require ongoing training and supervision of staff.

Conclusions
CR is an effective intervention for the cognitive impact of schizophrenia. Programs can be implemented in diverse settings globally. Adaptations of CR centering upon the core components of effective CR therapy enhance outcomes and enable programs to integrate into diverse settings.
SEC: A core hub during cell fate alteration
Authors: Zhang Zhijing , Xu Jingyi , Liu Jiqiang , Wang Jiaqiang , Lei Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPol II pause release is a rate‐limiting step in gene transcription, influencing various cell fate alterations. Numerous proteins orchestrate Pol II pause release, thereby playing pivotal roles in the intricate process of cellular fate modulation. Super elongation complex (SEC), a large assembly comprising diverse protein components, has garnered attention due to its emerging significance in orchestrating physiological and pathological cellular identity changes by regulating the transcription of crucial genes. Consequently, SEC emerges as a noteworthy functional complex capable of modulating cell fate alterations. Therefore, a comprehensive review is warranted to systematically summarize the core roles of SEC in different types of cell fate alterations. This review focuses on elucidating the current understanding of the structural and functional basis of SEC. Additionally, we discuss the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing SEC in various models of cell fate alteration, encompassing both physiological and pathological contexts. Furthermore, leveraging the existing knowledge of SEC, we propose some insightful directions for future research, aiming to enhance our mechanistic and functional comprehension of SEC within the diverse landscape of cell fate alterations.
Morbidly Obese Patients Have Similar Clinical Outcomes and Recovery Kinetics After Minimally Invasive Decompression
Authors: Shahi Pratyush , Subramanian Tejas , Singh Sumedha , Araghi Kasra , Asada Tomoyuki , Korsun Maximilian , Singh Nishtha , Tuma Olivia , Simon Chad , Vaishnav Avani , Mai Eric , Zhang Joshua , Kwas Cole , Allen Myles , Kim Eric , Heuer Annika , Sheha Evan , Dowdell James , Qureshi Sheeraz , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort.

Objective.
To study the impact of class 2/3 obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥35) on outcomes following minimally invasive decompression.

Summary of Background Data.
No previous study has analyzed the impact of class 2/3 obesity on outcomes following minimally invasive decompression.

Materials and Methods.
Patients who underwent primary minimally invasive decompression were divided into four cohorts based on their BMI: normal (BMI: 18.5–<25), overweight (25–<30), class 1 obesity (30–<35), and class 2/3 obesity (BMI ≥35). Outcome measures were: 1) intraoperative variables: operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL); 2) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (Oswestry disability index, ODI; visual analog scale, VAS back and leg; 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Score, SF-12 PCS); 3) global rating change (GRC), minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) achievement rates; 4) return to activities; and 5) complication and reoperation rates.

Results.
Totally, 838 patients were included (226 normal, 357 overweight, 179 class 1 obesity, and 76 class 2/3 obesity). Class 1 and 2/3 obesity groups had significantly greater operative times compared with the other groups. Class 2/3 obesity group had worse ODI, VAS back and SF-12 PCS preoperatively, worse ODI, VAS back, VAS leg and SF-12 PCS at below six months, and worse ODI and SF-12 PCS at above six months. However, they had significant improvement in all PROMs at both postoperative timepoints and the magnitude of improvement was similar to other groups. No significant differences were found in MCID and PASS achievement rates, likelihood of betterment on the GRC scale, return to activities, and complication/reoperation rates.

Conclusions.
Class 2/3 obese patients have worse PROMs preoperatively and postoperatively. However, they show similar improvement in PROMs, MCID and PASS achievement rates, likelihood of betterment, recovery kinetics, and complication/reoperation rates as other BMI groups following minimally invasive decompression.
Craniofacial Fracture with Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome Resulting in Pupil-sparing Oculomotor Nerve Palsy
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroshi , Nishioka Hiroshi , Kuriyama Erika , Inoue Yoshikazu , Okumoto Takayuki 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) is a rare complication of craniofacial fracture, caused by damage to cranial nerves Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ, which typically is associated with ophthalmoplegia, blepharoptosis, pupil dilatation and fixation, and upper eyelid and forehead hypesthesia. However, we here describe a very unusual case of craniofacial fracture with SOFS in the absence of pupil symptoms, involving a patient who was injured when he fell while riding his bicycle. Upon medical examination, we observed mild blepharoptosis and ophthalmoplegia of the right eye without pupillary symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) revealed basal skull and zygomatic fractures. After the patient had been treated conservatively for his skull base fracture, facial bone reduction was performed at our hospital. Because ophthalmoplegia and blepharoptosis remained after the surgery, we checked the preoperative CT images again and discovered stenosis of the superior orbital fissure. Postoperative CT revealed a widening of the superior orbital fissure after the facial bone reduction, and therefore, the patient was given steroid treatment without additional surgery. At 6 months postoperatively, the cranial nerves had completely recovered. Our finding emphasizes that, in contrast to common theory, trauma-induced SOFS can result in pupil-sparing oculomotor nerve palsy.
Measuring Physical Activity in Children Who Do Not Walk and With Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Case Series
Authors: Toomer-Mensah Nia , O’Neil Margaret , Blacutt Miguel , Quinn Lori 
Published: May 2024

Aim:The purpose of this case series was to describe physical activity (PA) amount and intensity in the home and school environment. Accelerometers and heart rate (HR) monitors are reliable and valid measures of PA in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who can walk. There is limited research on PA measures in children with CP who cannot walk.Methods:Three 9-year-old boys with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, participated in a 1-week measurement period wearing waist- and wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers to measure PA counts and a wrist-worn HR monitor to measure PA intensity. PA intensity was calculated using an estimated HR max. Accelerometer counts were reported. Parents and school staff completed activity and eating journals.Results:Six days of PA and HR data were analyzed. Two participants spent more time in moderate/vigorous PA intensity during school compared to at home. Activities with greatest PA intensity included oral eating, communication, and social engagement. Higher activity counts were recorded from the wrist compared with the waist accelerometers. PA and eating journal adherence were high in both settings.Conclusion:The findings provide preliminary data to evaluate PA amount and intensity in children with CP who have little walking ability. It is important to consider PA levels in daily activity for youth with CP when designing plans of care.
EZH2-driven immune evasion defines high-risk pediatric AML with t(16;21) FUS::ERG gene fusion
Authors: Buteyn Nathaniel J , Burke Connor G , Sartori Vincent J , Deering-Gardner Eve , DeBruine Zachary J , Kamarudin Dahlya , Chandler Darrell P , Monovich Alexander C , Perez Monika W , Yi Joanna S , Ries Rhonda E , Alonzo Todd A , Ryan Russell JH , Meshinchi Soheil , Triche Timothy J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTDespite decades of research, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a remarkably lethal malignancy. While pediatric AML (pAML) carries a more favorable prognosis than adult AML, the past 25 years of large clinical trials have produced few improvements in pAML survival. Nowhere is this more evident than in patients carrying a t(16;21)(p11;q22) translocation, which yields theFUS::ERGfusion transcript. Patients withFUS::ERG-positive AML are often primary refractory, and most responders quickly relapse. In COG clinical trials, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was of no benefit toFUS::ERGpAML patients; 100% of transplanted patients succumbed to their disease. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I & II and costimulatory molecules is absent at diagnosis inFUS::ERGAML, mirroring the epigenetic mechanism of post-transplant relapse seen in adult AML and its associated dismal outcomes. Here we show that this class-defining immune-repressive phenotype is driven by overexpression of theEZH2histone lysine methyltransferasein vitroand in multiple clinical cohorts. We show that treatment with the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat along with IFN-γ reverses this phenotype, re-establishes MHC presentation, and severely impairs the viability ofFUS::ERGAML cells. EZH2 inhibitors may thus provide the first targeted therapeutic option for patients with this high-risk subtype of pAML, with particular benefit as a bridge to successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEFUS::ERGpAML patients have dismal outcomes. Here we show a ubiquitous immune-evasive phenotype, defined by elevated EZH2 levels and loss of MHC class I and II receptors, present in these patients at diagnosis. Treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat and IFN-γ reverses this phenotype in patient-derived cell lines.
Immunopipe: A comprehensive and flexible scRNA-seq and scTCR-seq data analysis pipeline
Authors: Wang Panwen , Yu Yue , Dong Haidong , Zhang Shuwen , Sun Zhifu , Zeng Hu , Mondello Patrizia , Kocher Jean-Pierre A. , Wang Junwen , Asmann Yan W. , Lin Yi , Li Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing technologies provide us with information at the level of individual cells. The combination of single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell TCR-seq profiling enables the exploration of cell heterogeneity and T-cell receptor repertoires simultaneously. The integration of both types of data can play a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of T-cell-mediated immunity and, in turn, facilitate the advancement of immunotherapy. Here, we present immunopipe, a comprehensive and flexible pipeline to perform integrated analysis of scRNA-seq and scTCR-seq data. In addition to the command line tool, we provide a user-friendly web interface for pipeline configuration and execution monitoring, benefiting researchers without extensive programming experience. With its comprehensive functionality and ease of use, immunopipe empowers researchers to uncover valuable insights from scRNA-seq and scTCR-seq data, ultimately advancing the understanding of immune responses and immunotherapy development.