bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platonism and intra-mathematical explanation
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
I introduce an argument for Platonism based on intra-mathematical explanation: the explanation of one mathematical fact by another. The argument is important for two reasons. First, if the argument succeeds then it provides a basis for Platonism that does not proceed via standard indispensability considerations. Second, if the argument fails, it can only do so for one of the three reasons: either because there are no intra-mathematical explanations, or because not all explanations are backed by dependence relations, or because some form of noneism—the view according to which non-existent entities possess properties and stand in relations—is true. The argument thus forces a choice between nominalism without noneism, intra-mathematical explanation, and a backing conception of explanation. You can have any two, but not all three.
Relationship Among Falls, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity Level in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Shirai Nobuyuki , Usui Naoto , Abe Yoshifumi , Tamiya Hajime , Amari Takashi , Kojima Sho , Mikami Kenta , Nagashima Mizuki , Shinozaki Nobuhito , Shimano Yu , Saitoh Masakazu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Patients on hemodialysis are highly susceptible to falls and fractures. Amplified apprehension regarding the fear of falling (FOF) constitutes a risk factor that restricts physical activity and escalates the probability of falls among the elderly population. This study aimed to elucidate the association between falls and FOF and physical activity in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted across 9 centers. FOF was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Physical activity was assessed using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Subsequently, falls were monitored over a duration of 1 year. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between falls and FOF and physical activity. In addition, in the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cutoff value of FES-I that predicts falls was determined using the Youden Index. A restricted cubic spline curve was utilized to analyze the nonlinear association between falls and the FES-I.

Results
A total of 253 patients on hemodialysis (70.0 [59.0–77.0] years old; 105 female [41.5%]) were included in the analysis. During the 1-year observation period, 90 (35.6%) patients experienced accidental falls. The median FES-I score was 36.0 (24.0–47.0) points, and patients with higher FES-I scores had more falls. Following adjusted logistic regression analysis, FES-I exhibited an independent association with falls (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.06), but physical activity was not. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64–0.77), and the FES-I threshold value for distinguishing fallers from non-fallers was determined as 37.5 points (sensitivity 65.6%, specificity 35.0%). A nonlinear relationship between falls and FES-I was observed.

Conclusion
FOF was associated with the incidence of falls in patients on hemodialysis.

Impact
The evaluation and implementation of interventions targeting the FOF may mitigate the risk of falls.
Role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in age‐related bone homeostasis imbalance
Authors: Zhong Yunyu , Zhou Xueer , Pan Zijian , Zhang Jiankang , Pan Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlterations to the human organism that are brought about by aging are comprehensive and detrimental. Of these, an imbalance in bone homeostasis is a major outward manifestation of aging. In older adults, the decreased osteogenic activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation lead to decreased bone mass, increased risk of fracture, and impaired bone injury healing. In the past decades, numerous studies have reported the epigenetic alterations that occur during aging, such as decreased core histones, altered DNA methylation patterns, and abnormalities in noncoding RNAs, which ultimately lead to genomic abnormalities and affect the expression of downstream signaling osteoporosis treatment and promoter of fracture healing in older adults. The current review summarizes the impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms on age‐related bone homeostasis imbalance.
Delayed presentation and management approach of autonomic dysfunction associated with severe tetanus
Authors: Hashi Abdullahi Said , Adam Abdirahim Ali Nur , Mohamed Isak 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
In 2019, there were over 73 000 estimated tetanus cases globally, including more than 27 000 cases of neonatal tetanus, and the worldwide deaths caused by tetanus were almost 34 684. The mortality rate of tetanus is greater than 50% in countries without ICUs and 10% in developed countries, mostly attributed to autonomic dysfunction. Countries with the greatest rates of post-neonatal tetanus mortality (greater than five fatalities per 100 000 people) were Somalia, South Sudan, and Kenya.

Case presentation:
A 66-year-old unvaccinated male patient came to our hospital emergency department with generalized rigidity, neck stiffness, lockjaw, and an altered level of consciousness for 5 days. His symptoms started with stiffness in his neck and back 4 days before. The patient was diagnosed with tetanus, as he was unimmunized, had a recent injury, and presented clinical findings. The authors started treatment by administering intramuscular human tetanus immunoglobulin and metronidazole. He was admitted to the ICU and placed in an isolation room with minimal auditory and visual stimuli. Following 2 weeks after admission his blood pressure began to fall, and his pulse rate started to fluctuate with alternating tachycardia and bradycardia. After 1 month in the ICU, he was discharged from the ICU and transferred to the ward. A catch-up immunization regimen was established.

Clinical discussion:
Tetanus is a rare condition in the Western world, primarily due to widespread vaccination programs from infancy to adulthood. There are crucial barriers that still exist to overcoming this disease in our country, including a lack of reliable immunization programs. In tetanus, the increase in survival is associated with the use of intensive care facilities for the management of tetanus, besides expanding the knowledge of the disease, which is a challenge for developing countries.

Conclusion:
It is essential to have enough immunization at an early stage of trauma since severe autonomic dysfunction linked to tetanus might be lethal.
Effect of hormone therapy on blood pressure and hypertension in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Campos Luana , de Andrade Costa Guilherme , Domingues Feitosa Marina , Ferreira Félix Iuri , Gabrielli Ligia , C. Almeida Maria da Conceição , ML Aquino Estela , Aras Júnior Roque 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Importance
Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) includes a wide variety of hormonal compounds, and its effect on blood pressure is still uncertain.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess evidence regarding the effect of HT on blood pressure in postmenopausal women and its association with arterial hypertension.

Evidence Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials and prospective observational studies. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the incidence of hypertension were assessed. All stages were independently performed by two reviewers. For blood pressure outcome, standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated as effect measures. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
2 statistic. The results are presented based on the HT type. The incidence of hypertension was compared using descriptive analyses.

Findings
Eleven studies were included with 81,041 women evaluated, of which 29,812 used HT. The meta-analysis, conducted with 8 studies and 1,718 women, showed an increase in SBP with the use of oral conjugated equine estrogens plus progestogen (SMD = 0.60 mm Hg, 95% CI = 0.19 to 1.01). However, oral or transdermal use of estradiol plus progestogen (SMD = −2.00 mm Hg, 95% CI = −7.26 to 3.27), estradiol alone, and tibolone did not show any significant effect. No significant effect on DBP was observed for any formulation. Women who used oral estrogen plus progestogen had a higher risk of incident hypertension than those who never used it.

Conclusions and Relevance
The effect of HT on blood pressure is influenced by the formulation used, especially the type of estrogen. The combined formulations of conjugated equine estrogens plus progestogen increased SBP and the risk of hypertension, which was not observed among estradiol plus progestogen, estradiol alone, and tibolone users.
Association of muscle disorders in late postmenopausal women according to the type of experienced menopause
Authors: Vallejo María S. , Blümel Juan E. , Chedraui Peter , Tserotas Konstantinos , Salinas Carlos , Rodrigues Marcio A. , Rodríguez Doris A. , Rey Claudia , Ojeda Eliana , Ñañez Mónica , Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Gómez-Tabares Gustavo , Espinoza María T. , Escalante Carlos , Elizalde Alejandra , Dextre Maribel , Calle Andrés , Aedo Sócrates 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Musculoskeletal disorders frequently affect postmenopausal women. This study aims to compare muscle disorders between women according to the type of experienced menopause: premature (PM) or normal age of menopause (NAM).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in nine Latin American countries in which late postmenopausal women (55 to 70 years) were surveyed with a general questionnaire, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS: item #4 exploring musculoskeletal discomfort), and strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falling questionnaire (risk of sarcopenia).

Results
A total of 644 women were included: 468 who had NAM, and 176 who had PM (116 spontaneous and 60 surgical). The overall mean age of the participants was 60.9 ± 4.2 years. Women who had PM experienced more musculoskeletal discomfort (33.5% vs 20.9%, P < 0.001) and a higher likelihood of sarcopenia (35.2% vs 19.9%, P < 0.001) than women who had a NAM. Women who had surgical PM exhibited a higher prevalence of severe musculoskeletal discomfort (46.7% vs 29.3%, P < 0.02) and a higher likelihood of sarcopenia (45.0% vs 27.6%, P < 0.02) than women who had a NAM. After adjusting for covariates (age, body mass index, menopausal hormone therapy use, physical activity, education, cigarette consumption, use of antidepressants, sexual activity, comorbidities, and having a partner), our logistic regression model determined that spontaneous PM was not associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal discomfort and higher odds of sarcopenia. On the other hand, women who had surgical PM were more likely to experience musculoskeletal discomforts (odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-4.17) and higher odds for sarcopenia (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-3.65) as compared to women who experienced a NAM.

Conclusions
Women experiencing surgical PM have a higher likelihood of developing muscle disorders. This underscores the potential significance of hormonal levels in influencing musculoskeletal health during postmenopause.
Recommended measurement instruments for menopausal vasomotor symptoms: the COMMA (Core Outcomes in Menopause) consortium
Authors: Lensen Sarah , Paramanandam Vincent S. , Gabes Michaela , Kann Gesina , Donhauser Theresa , Waters Niamh F. , Li Anna D. , Peate Michelle , Susanto Nipuni S. , Caughey Lucy E. , Rangoonwal Fatema , Liu Jingbo , Condron Patrick , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Archer David F. , Avis Nancy E. , Bell Robin J. , Carpenter Janet S. , Chedraui Peter , Christmas Monica , Davies Melanie , Hillard Tim , Hunter Myra S. , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Jaff Nicole G. , Jaisamrarn Unnop , Joffe Hadine , Khandelwal Sunila , Kiesel Ludwig , Maki Pauline M. , Mishra Gita D. , Nappi Rossella E. , Panay Nick , Pines Amos , Roberts Helen , Rozenberg Serge , Rueda Camilo , Shifren Jan , Simon James A. , Simpson Paul , Siregar Muhammad Fidel Ganis , Stute Petra , Garcia Joan Tan , Vincent Amanda J. , Wolfman Wendy , Hickey Martha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to identify suitable definitions and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess each of the six core outcomes previously identified through the COMMA (Core Outcomes in Menopause) global consensus process relating to vasomotor symptoms: frequency, severity, distress/bother/interference, impact on sleep, satisfaction with treatment, and side effects.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant definitions for the outcome of side-effects and PROMs with acceptable measurement properties for the remaining five core outcomes. The consensus process, involving 36 participants from 16 countries, was conducted to review definitions and PROMs and make final recommendations for the measurement of each core outcome.

Results
A total of 21,207 publications were screened from which 119 reporting on 40 PROMs were identified. Of these 40 PROMs, 36 either did not adequately map onto the core outcomes or lacked sufficient measurement properties. Therefore, only four PROMs corresponding to two of the six core outcomes were considered for recommendation. We recommend the Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale to measure the domain of distress, bother, or interference of vasomotor symptoms and to capture impact on sleep (one item in the Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale captures interference with sleep). Six definitions of “side effects” were identified and considered. We recommend that all trials report adverse events, which is a requirement of Good Clinical Practice.

Conclusions
We identified suitable definitions and PROMs for only three of the six core outcomes. No suitable PROMs were found for the remaining three outcomes (frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms and satisfaction with treatment). Future studies should develop and validate PROMs for these outcomes.
Circulating metabolic biomarkers and risk of new-onset hypertension: findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhou Yan-Feng , Ye Yi-Xiang , Chen Jun-Xiang , Zhang Yan-Bo , Wang Yi , Lu Qi , Geng Tingting , Liu Gang , Pan An 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The evidence regarding the associations of circulating metabolic biomarkers with hypertension risk is scarce. We aimed to examine the associations between circulating metabolites and risk of hypertension.

Methods:
We included 49 422 individuals free of hypertension at baseline with a mean (SD) age of 53.5 (8.0) years from the UK Biobank. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantify 143 individual metabolites. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
During a mean (SD) follow-up of 11.2 (1.8) years, 2686 incident hypertension cases occurred. Out of 143 metabolites, 76 were associated with incident hypertension, among which phenylalanine (hazard ratio: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.24–1.58) and apolipoprotein A1 (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66–0.87) had the strongest association when comparing the highest to the lowest quintile. In general, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles were positively, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were inversely associated with risk of hypertension. Similar patterns of cholesterol, phospholipids, and total lipids within VLDL and HDL particles were observed. Triglycerides within all lipoproteins were positively associated with hypertension risk. Other metabolites showed significant associations with risk of hypertension included amino acids, fatty acids, ketone bodies, fluid balance and inflammation markers. Adding 10 selected metabolic biomarkers to the traditional hypertension risk model modestly improved discrimination (C-statistic from 0.745 to 0.752, P < 0.001) for prediction of 10-year hypertension incidence.

Conclusion:
Among UK adults, disturbances in metabolic biomarkers are associated with incident hypertension. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling may provide potential novel biomarkers to identify high-risk individuals.
The role of preterm birth in stress-induced sodium excretion in young adults
Authors: Tully Nicholas W. , Chappell Mark C. , Evans Joni K. , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Shaltout Hossam A. , Washburn Lisa K. , South Andrew M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Early-life programming due to prematurity and very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) is believed to contribute to development of hypertension, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Experimental data suggest that altered pressure natriuresis (increased renal perfusion pressure promoting sodium excretion) may be a contributing mechanism. We hypothesize that young adults born preterm will have a blunted pressure natriuresis response to mental stress compared with those born term.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study of 190 individuals aged 18–23 years, 156 born preterm with VLBW and 34 controls born term with birth weight at least 2500 g, we measured urine sodium/creatinine before and after a mental stress test and continuous blood pressure before and during the stress test. Participants were stratified into groups by the trajectory at which mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased following the test. The group with the lowest MAP trajectory was the reference group. We used generalized linear models to assess poststress urine sodium/creatinine relative to the change in MAP trajectory and assessed the difference between groups by preterm birth status.

Results:
Participants’ mean age was 19.8 years and 57% were women. Change in urine sodium/creatinine per unit increase in MAP when comparing middle trajectory group against the reference group was greater in those born preterm [β 5.4%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -11.4 to 5.3] than those born term (β 38.5%, 95% CI -0.04 to 92.0), interaction term P = 0.002.

Conclusion:
We observed that, as blood pressure increased following mental stress, young adults born preterm exhibited decreased sodium excretion relative to term-born individuals.
Multiple urinary peptides are associated with hypertension: a link to molecular pathophysiology
Authors: Mavrogeorgis Emmanouil , Kondyli Margarita , Mischak Harald , Vlahou Antonia , Siwy Justyna , Rossing Peter , Campbell Archie , Mels Carina M.C. , Delles Christian , Staessen Jan A. , Latosinska Agnieszka , Persu Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Hypertension is a common condition worldwide; however, its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify urinary peptides associated with hypertension to further explore the relevant molecular pathophysiology.

Methods:
Peptidome data from 2876 individuals without end-organ damage were retrieved from the Human Urinary Proteome Database, belonging to general population (discovery) or type 2 diabetic (validation) cohorts. Participants were divided based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) into hypertensive (SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg) and normotensive (SBP <120 mmHg and DBP <80 mmHg, without antihypertensive treatment) groups. Differences in peptide abundance between the two groups were confirmed using an external cohort (n = 420) of participants without end-organ damage, matched for age, BMI, eGFR, sex, and the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, the association of the peptides with BP as a continuous variable was investigated. The findings were compared with peptide biomarkers of chronic diseases and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to highlight the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results:
Between hypertensive and normotensive individuals, 96 (mostly COL1A1 and COL3A1) peptides were found to be significantly different in both the discovery (adjusted) and validation (nominal significance) cohorts, with consistent regulation. Of these, 83 were consistently regulated in the matched cohort. A weak, yet significant, association between their abundance and standardized BP was also observed.

Conclusion:
Hypertension is associated with an altered urinary peptide profile with evident differential regulation of collagen-derived peptides. Peptides related to vascular calcification and sodium regulation were also affected. Whether these modifications reflect the pathophysiology of hypertension and/or early subclinical organ damage requires further investigation.
TNF-α inhibitor use during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia: population-based cohort study
Authors: Adomi Motohiko , McElrath Thomas F. , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Vine Seanna M. , Huybrechts Krista F. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although the clinical importance of preeclampsia is widely recognized, few treatment options are available for prevention. TNF-α inhibitors have been hypothesized to potentially prevent the disease. We aimed to examine whether exposure to TNF-α inhibitors during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based pregnancy cohort study using nationwide samples of publicly (Medicaid data, 2000–2018) and commercially (MarketScan Research Database, 2003–2020) insured pregnant women linked to their liveborn infants. Exposure was ascertained based on a filled prescription or administration code for TNF-α inhibitors during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The outcomes included early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and small-for-gestational age. For baseline confounding adjustment, we leveraged propensity score overlap weights to estimate risk ratios (RR).

Results:
Among 4 315 658 pregnancies in the Medicaid and the MarketScan cohort, 2736 (0.063%) were exposed to TNF-α inhibitors during the first trimester and 1712 (0.040%) during the second trimester. After adjustment, the risk of early-onset preeclampsia was not decreased among mothers exposed during the first trimester compared with unexposed women with treatment indications [RRpooled: 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.67]. Similarly, the risk of late-onset preeclampsia was not decreased among mothers exposed during the second trimester compared with unexposed women (RRpooled: 0.99, 95% CI 0.81–1.22).

Conclusion:
Contrary to the hypothesis, exposure to TNF-α inhibitors during pregnancy did not appear to be associated with a reduced risk of early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia. These findings do not support consideration of the use of TNF-α inhibitors for the prevention of preeclampsia.