bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi‐2D Perovskite with Ligand Engineering to Improve the Stability of Phototransistor Memory with a Floating Gate
Authors: Chang Sung‐Te , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Lin Chen‐Fu , Yu Pei‐Zhen , Tsai Cheng‑Hang , Cho Chia‐Jung , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang , Kuo Chi‐Ching 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuasi‐2D(two dimentional) perovskite is one of the potential materials in optoelectronic applications due to the scalable solution processes and low binding energy. Recent studies employing diverse spacer ligands of mono‐ and di‐amine functional groups to form Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) and Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) phase perovskites efficiently manipulate the perovskite microstructure. However, there is a notable gap in investigating the performance of photomemory devices based on perovskites using different ligands and the accommodability in polymer matrixes. Herein, the perovskite with phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr) or p‐xylylenediamine (PDMA) ligands and methacrylate polymers comprising varied pendent groups (benzene and pyrene) are designed to investigate their effect. The results show that RP‐phase perovskite with polymer‐conferred pyrene group presented an excellent crystalline orientation, fewer grain boundaries, and higher charge transfer efficiency, attributed to superior accommodation between ligands and polymers and appropriate aggregation of pyrene groups. It demonstrates superior memory device characteristics of a high ON/OFF current ratio (2.68 × 104), low operational voltage (−0.1 V), short illumination times (0.1 s), and maintains its decent performance even under thermal environments. This work highlights that leveraging the steric hindrance of ligands and functional polymers to control the microstructure of perovskite is a prospective strategy to promote the photomemory's development.
Visible Light‐Driven Synthesis of PtCu Alloy Nanodendrites for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen‐Conversion Reactions
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Wang Chuanjun , Zhao Xin , Liu Shenjie , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Yining , Lv Xiaoqing , Wang Chenyang , Lv Xiaojun , Xu Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHierarchical metal alloy nanostructures with branched morphologies are highly desirable for electrocatalysis due to their large surface area, highly exposed active sites and stability for catalytic reactions. In this work, the successful synthesis of uniformly‐sized, spherical Pt–Cu alloy nanodendrites are reported using a novel visible light‐driven photoreduction method that exploits fluorescein as an excited state photosensitizer. Factors influencing the structure and morphology of the PtCu alloy nanodendrites are systematically explored, including pH, Pt4+ and Cu2+ concentrations, Pt:Cu molar ratio, Light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation time, light intensity, concentration of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and concentration of triethylamine (TEA). The experiments reveal a simultaneous photoreduction/galvanic replacement mechanism for PtCu alloy nanodendrite formation. Importantly, the PtCu alloy nanodendrites are easily separable from the reaction solution, facilitating their use as electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic nitrite reduction reaction (eNO2RR) to ammonia and also the nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) to nitrate. The PtCu alloy nanodendrites outperforms a commercially available Pt nanoparticle catalyst in both NO2RR and NOR, validating the approach.
Innovative Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems for Advanced Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Xin , Fu Xueyu , Huang Xiaomin , Zhang Shenrong , Zhao Nan , Ma Xiaowei , Saiding Qimanguli , Yang Mei , Tao Wei , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFunduscopic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), significantly impact global visual health, leading to impaired vision and irreversible blindness. Delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a challenge due to the presence of multiple physiological and anatomical barriers. Conventional drug delivery methods often prove ineffective and may cause side effects. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size, large surface area, tunable properties, and biocompatibility, enhance the permeability, stability, and targeting of drugs. Ocular nanomaterials encompass a wide range, including lipid nanomaterials, polymer nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dot nanomaterials, and so on. These innovative materials, often combined with hydrogels and exosomes, are engineered to address multiple mechanisms, including macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to conventional modalities, nanomedicines achieve regulated and sustained delivery, reduced administration frequency, prolonged drug action, and minimized side effects. This study delves into the obstacles encountered in drug delivery to the posterior segment and highlights the progress facilitated by nanomedicine. Prospectively, these findings pave the way for next‐generation ocular drug delivery systems and deeper clinical research, aiming to refine treatments, alleviate the burden on patients, and ultimately improve visual health globally.
Network‐based artificial intelligence approaches for advancing personalized psychiatry
Authors: Rajan Sivanesan , Schwarz Emanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPsychiatric disorders have a complex biological underpinning likely involving an interplay of genetic and environmental risk contributions. Substantial efforts are being made to use artificial intelligence approaches to integrate features within and across data types to increase our etiological understanding and advance personalized psychiatry. Network science offers a conceptual framework for exploring the often complex relationships across different levels of biological organization, from cellular mechanistic to brain‐functional and phenotypic networks. Utilizing such network information effectively as part of artificial intelligence approaches is a promising route toward a more in‐depth understanding of illness biology, the deciphering of patient heterogeneity, and the identification of signatures that may be sufficiently predictive to be clinically useful. Here, we present examples of how network information has been used as part of artificial intelligence within psychiatry and beyond and outline future perspectives on how personalized psychiatry approaches may profit from a closer integration of psychiatric research, artificial intelligence development, and network science.
Iron‐Promoted Redox Access to 2‐Aminobenzoxazoles from Amines, Carbon Disulfide and 2‐Nitrophenols
Authors: Long Le Duc , Yen Tran Thi , Anh Nguyen Le , Anh Ngo Quoc , Hung Mac Dinh , Binh Nguyen Thanh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA method to assemble 2‐aminobenzoxazoles via iron‐catalyzed redox condensation of amines, carbon disulfide and 2‐nitrophenols is reported. The reaction features advantages of environmentally friendly iron catalyzed conditions, readily available starting materials, and excellent atom‐, step‐ and redox‐ economy compared to known protocols. Experimental investigation suggests a mechanism encompassing iron‐catalyzed reduction of the nitro group of 2‐nitrophenols by the dithiocarbamate group from amine‐CS2 adduct.
Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon‐Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers
Authors: Wang Jundong , Zhang Yuesheng , Bai Haoxiang , Deng Huiying , Pan Binbin , Li Yanguang , Wang Yuhang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an appealing method for carbon utilization. Alkaline CO2 electrolyzers exhibit high CO2RR activity, low full‐cell voltages, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the issue of CO2 loss caused by (bi)carbonate formation leads to excessive energy consumption, rendering the process economically impractical. In this study, we propose a trilayer polymer electrolyte (TPE) comprising a perforated anion exchange membrane (PAEM) and a bipolar membrane (BPM) to facilitate alkaline CO2RR. This TPE enables the coexistence of high alkalinity near the catalyst surface and the H+ flux at the interface between the PAEM and the cation exchange layer (CEL) of the BPM, conditions favoring both CO2 reduction to multicarbon products and (bi)carbonate removal in KOH‐fed membrane electrode assembly (MEA) reactors. As a result, we achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of approximately 46 % for C2H4, corresponding to a C2+ FE of 64 % at 260 mA cm−2, with a CO2‐to‐C2H4 single‐pass conversion (SPC) of approximately 32 % at 140 mA cm−2—nearly 1.3 times the limiting SPC in conventional AEM‐MEA electrolyzers. Furthermore, coupling CO2 reduction with formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) in the TPE‐MEA electrolyzer reduces the full‐cell voltage to 2.3 V at 100 mA cm−2 without compromising the C2H4 FE.
Evolution of Surface Chemistry in Two‐Dimensional MXenes: From Mixed to Tunable Uniform Terminations
Authors: Jiang Mengni , Wang Di , Kim Young‐Hwan , Duan Chunying , Talapin Dmitri V. , Zhou Chenkun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface chemistry of MXenes is of great interest as the terminations can define the intrinsic properties of this family of materials. The diverse and tunable terminations also distinguish MXenes from many other 2D materials. Conventional fluoride‐containing reagents etching approaches resulted in MXenes with mixed fluoro‐, oxo‐, and hydroxyl surface groups. The relatively strong chemical bonding of MXenes’ surface metal atoms with oxygen and fluorine makes post‐synthetic covalent surface modifications of such MXenes unfavorable. In this minireview, we focus on the recent advances in MXenes with uniform surface terminations. Unconventional methods, including Lewis acidic molten salt etching (LAMS) and bottom‐up direct synthesis, have been proven successful in producing halide‐terminated MXenes. These synthetic strategies have opened new possibilities for MXenes because weaker surface chemical bonds in halide‐terminated MXenes facilitate post‐synthetic covalent surface modifications. Both computational and experimental results on surface termination‐dependent properties are summarized and discussed. Finally, we offer our perspective on the opportunities and challenges in this exciting research field.
Unlocking Fast Potassium Ion Kinetics: High‐Rate and Long‐Life Potassium Dual‐Ion Battery for Operation at −60 °C
Authors: Xia Yang , Yu Fuda , Nie Dan , Jiang Yunshan , Sun Meiyan , Que Lanfang , Deng Liang , Zhao Lei , Zhang Qianyu , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnergy storage devices operating at low temperatures are plagued by sluggish kinetics, reduced capacity, and notorious dendritic growth. Herein, novel potassium dual‐ion batteries (PDIBs) capable of superior performance at −60 °C, and fabricated by combining MXenes and polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) as the anode and cathode, respectively, are presented. Additionally, the reason for the anomalous kinetics of K+ (faster at low temperature than at room temperature) on the Ti3C2 anode is investigated. Theoretical calculations, crossover experiments, and in situ XRD at room and low temperatures revealed that K+ tends to bind with solvent molecules rather than anions at subzero temperatures, which not only inhibits the participation of PF6− in the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), but also guarantees co‐intercalation behavior and suppresses undesirable K+ storage. The advantageous properties at low temperatures endow the Ti3C2 anode with fast K+ kinetics to unlock the outstanding performance of PDIB at ultralow temperatures. The PDIBs exhibit superior rate capability and high capacity retention at −40 °C and −60 °C. Impressively, after charging‐discharging for 20,000 cycles at −60 °C, the PDIB retained 86.7 % of its initial capacity. This study reveals the influence of temperatures on MXenes and offers a unique design for dual‐ion batteries operating at ultralow temperatures.
Modifying the Charge‐Density of Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Centers through Carbon‐Layer Modulation Promotes C‐H Activation in the Propane Dehydrogenation Reaction (PDH)
Authors: Huang Zijun , He Dedong , Lu Jichang , Han Lanfang , Li Kongzhai , Chen Dingkai , Cao Xiaohua , Li Tan , Luo Yongming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electronic structure of active metal centers plays an indispensable role in regulating catalytic reactivity in heterogeneous catalysis, developing other metals as promoters to decorate electronic state is a common strategy, while non‐metal component of carbon as electronic additives to regulate d‐band center has rarely been studied in thermal‐catalysis field. Herein, we report electron‐deficient tetrahedral Co(II) (Td‐cobalt(II)) centers through carbon‐layer modulation for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). It is indicated that bifunctional sites of both Td‐cobalt(II) and metallic‐cobalt are designed, and the in situ generated carbon through the disproportionation of CO on metallic‐cobalt can cover the inactive metallic‐cobalt and tailor d‐band of active Td‐cobalt(II) simultaneously. More importantly, the pre‐deposited carbon‐layer is proposed to decrease electron density of Td‐cobalt(II) and make d‐band center closer to Fermi level, consequently promotes C−H activation in PDH reaction. This study provides new perspective for the utilization of inactive carbon as electronic promoters and unlocks new opportunity to fabricate efficient PDH and other heterogeneous catalysts.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Carbon‐Supported Metal Electrocatalysts for Energy‐Related Reduction Reactions
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Lu Xue Feng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction reactions, as cathodic processes in many energy‐related devices, significantly impact the overall efficiency determined mainly by the performance of electrocatalysts. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon‐supported metal materials have become one of star electrocatalysts due to their tunable structure and composition through ligand design and metal screening. However, for different electroreduction reactions, the required active metal species vary in phase component, electronic state, and catalytic center configuration, hence requiring effective customization. From this perspective, this review comprehensively analyzes the structural design principles, metal loading strategies, practical electroreduction performance, and complex catalytic mechanisms, thereby providing insights and guidance for the future rational design of such electroreduction catalysts.
Simultaneous Manipulation of Membrane Enthalpy and Entropy Barriers towards Superior Ion Separations
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Chao , Sun Haixiang , Guo Jing , Shao Lu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSub‐nanoporous membranes with ion selective transport functions are important for energy utilization, environmental remediation, and fundamental bioinspired engineering. Although mono/multivalent ions can be separated by monovalent ion selective membranes (MISMs), the current theory fails to inspire rapid advances in MISMs. Here, we apply transition state theory (TST) by regulating the enthalpy barrier (ΔH) and entropy barrier (ΔS) for designing next‐generation monovalent cation exchange membranes (MCEMs) with great improvement in ion selective separation. Using a molecule‐absorbed porous material as an interlayer to construct a denser selective layer can achieve a greater absolute value of ΔS for Li+ and Mg2+ transport, greater ΔH for Mg2+ transport and lower ΔH for Li+ transport. This recorded performance with a Li+/Mg2+ perm‐selectivity of 25.50 and a Li+ flux of 1.86 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ h−1 surpasses the contemporary “upper bound” plot for Li+/Mg2+ separations. Most importantly, our synthesized MCEM also demonstrates excellent operational stability during the selective electrodialysis (S‐ED) processes for realizing scalability in practical applications.
Preparation and evaluation of Urea‐F amine crosslinkers
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Fei Furong , Yao Meijun , Li Jingjing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents the preparation of a long‐chain amine solution, employing the concept of urea‐formaldehyde synthesis. We also investigate the performance shifts in the cured product post‐urea addition. The Urea‐F curing agent is prepared by reacting EDA/DETA/TETA/TEPA, formaldehyde, and urea, and crosslinked with bisphenol A epoxy resin (E51). The crosslinking agent solves the problem of urea not being suitable for curing epoxy resin, and it improves the problem of low mechanical strength of traditional amine crosslinked epoxy resin cured materials. The cured product underwent evaluation through acid and alkali resistance solution measurement and mechanical and thermal tests. The results show enhanced heat resistance in the cured product, with its maximum thermal decomposition rate exceeding 350°C. The cured products have better mechanical properties than the amine monomers, with enhanced bending strength and superior acid–base solution resistance. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph indicates that the cured product fractures have a tight internal structure.
Purification of hemicellulose hydrolysates by antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor
Authors: Carr Thomas , Russo Abegão Fernando , Boodhoo Kamelia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hemicellulose (HMC) fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is a biorenewable precursor for platform molecules such as furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. However, this fraction is often not valorized. This study presents a novel method to produce high‐purity HMC from industrial HMC hydrolysate streams utilizing antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor (SDR) for potential application in a biorefinery. Spinning disc reactors are ideal intensified precipitation technologies due to their continuous processing ability, high mixing rates, short residence times, and scalability potential. The effects of three different antisolvents (ethanol, acetone, and ammonium sulfate), disc speed, flow rate, and antisolvent (AS) : solvent (S) mass ratio on the yield, purity, and particle size of sugar precipitates were investigated. Ethanol was the preferred antisolvent, yielding the greatest average recovery of solid precipitate of 32% at a 10:1 AS:S ratio and high sugar purity of more than 97%. Acetone failed to produce a solid precipitate, and ammonium sulfate contaminated the product, rendering both antisolvents unsuitable. The SDR overcame mixing limitations at all hydrodynamic conditions tested so that only the AS:S ratio affected product yield significantly, increasing the ethanol AS:S from 1:1 to 10:1, enhancing average solid recovery from 4 to 32%. Optimal SDR operating conditions were 600 rpm disc rotation speed and 8 mL s−1 total flow rate, maximizing product throughput and minimizing energy consumption, with a residence time less than 1 s. In a continuously operated scaled‐up system, 485 L of HMC hydrolysate could be processed per day, demonstrating the SDR to be a promising method of intensifying HMC recovery at scale in a biorefinery.
Defining bioenergy system services to accelerate the integration of bioenergy into a low‐carbon economy
Authors: Mäki Elina , Hennig Christiane , Thrän Daniela , Lange Nora , Schildhauer Tilman , Schipfer Fabian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global energy system is in transition. It is attempting to reach net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The systemic changes mean that the role of bioenergy will change. The potential of bioenergy to make a flexible contribution to the energy system is key for the achievement of global emission reduction ambitions and the functioning of the low‐carbon energy system and economy. As the volume of sustainably available biomass resources is limited, defining the contributions from bioenergy to a low‐carbon energy system and finding balances – and ideally synergies – between the different possible energy and climate system services that biomass can provide will be very important. The recognized system services include, among others, the flexible operation of bioenergy plants to integrate variable renewable energy sources and to provide negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Interest in flexible operation of bioenergy value chains, bioenergy with carbon capture and utilization as well as synergies with renewable hydrogen‐based value chains has increased recently. The objective of this paper is to present a holistic definition of flexible bioenergy as a system service based on the work conducted in International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme's Task 44 Flexible Bioenergy and System Integration, and to provide some practical examples. The paper also presents the different bioenergy system services and considers their definitions and interactions, as this is important in energy system design. The definition of flexible bioenergy shows that the flexibility provision from bioenergy goes far beyond the traditional definition of providing short‐term flexibility in the power sector. Indicators to demonstrate the value of services as well as further quantitative assessment of synergies and trade‐offs are needed to valorize the different services from bioenergy and create viable business cases.
Depathologization of trans* experience in ICD‐11: Suggestions for context‐sensitive psychotherapeutic work
Authors: Teren Kirsten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current changes to the treatment recommendations and the diagnostic categorization of trans* identities in the ICD‐11 require a new consideration of past therapeutic methods and approaches. The depathologization of trans* lives in the ICD‐11 finally enables trans* people to access psychotherapeutic services more freely, as the compulsory therapy that has thus far been required for access to transition‐related treatments, as well as the so‐called “diagnosis” and “treatment” of “transsexuality”, have been removed. Trans* people will nevertheless be interested in qualified psychotherapeutic treatment options. Due to the decades‐long discrimination and treatment in the health system that has disregarded the human rights of trans* people, a trans*‐affirmative approach is necessary, one that takes into account the context of the treatment and critically reflects upon one's own position as a health professional. This affirmative and self‐reflective approach provides the basis upon which therapeutic concerns and topics related to a life lived in accordance with a self‐determined (gender) identity, related needs, and the fulfillment of those needs, can be discussed. The consequences of experiences of discrimination, violence and exclusion are, moreover, important elements of therapy that require a structural and social contextualization in order to address internalized trans*‐negativity and to empower trans* people in their self‐assertion.