bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and social benefits of meteorology and climatology in Switzerland
Authors: Frei Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNational Meteorological Services provide meteorological data, information, forecasts and various related products, which are important for the smooth functioning of many aspects in economy, administration and society. The merit of meteorological services cannot be deduced directly from the consumption of services. Rather, it emerges from the improvement of decisions by economic stakeholders thanks to weather and climate information. These services are purchased by users in order to be able to offer optimally or demand a certain service or, with respect to security, these services aim at helping to prevent damage from extreme events.A rough estimate for a number of selected sectors shows that benefits from weather services in Switzerland are in the region of hundreds of millions Swiss Francs (1 Swiss Franc ∼ €0.66, US$0.83 as at 2008).This pilot study shows that it is not possible to estimate one single figure representing the overall benefit from weather services in a country. Concerning the economic sector, a benefit analysis should therefore concentrate on those sub‐sectors where weather services are particularly relevant, i.e. agriculture, construction, energy, insurance, telecommunication, tourism, transport, logistics and water availability. Analysis of benefits from climate data is of particular interest to MeteoSwiss since the Federal Office is the main source for climate data in Switzerland. Climate data form the basis on which climate change and possible climate threats can be detected.This study estimates for the first time the socio‐economic benefits of meteorological and climatic information in Switzerland as a small developed European country and gives an outlook of how a further study might be designed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Structure determination of chamaedryosides A—C, three novel nor‐neo‐clerodane glucosides from Teucrium chamaedrys, by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida , Ricci Andreina , Pacifico Severina , Piccolella Simona , Monaco Pietro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThree new nor‐neo‐clerodane diterpenes, named chamaedryoside A (1), B (2) and C (3), have been isolated from the organic extracts of Teucrium chamaedrys (L.) and their structural characterization has been accomplished by 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra, and DEPT, by COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HSQC‐TOSCY and HMBC experiments, as well as by ESI‐MS/MS techniques. The stereostructures have been elucidated by NOESY and computational calculations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytic approximate solution of three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations of flow between two stretchable disks
Authors: Dinarvand Saeed , Rashidi Mohammad Mehdi , Shahmohamadi Hamed 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe similarity transform for the steady three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations of flow between two stretchable disks gives a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which is analytically solved by applying a newly developed method, namely, the homotopy analysis method. The analytic solutions of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are constructed in the series form. The convergence of the obtained series solutions is analyzed. The validity of our solutions is verified by the numerical results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Is maternal renal disease a cause of elevated free β‐hCG in first trimester aneuploidy screening?
Authors: Spencer Kevin , Enofe Osasumwen , Cowans Nicholas J. , Stamatopoulou Anastasia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo asses whether supra elevated levels of maternal serum free beta hCG in the first trimester are associated with impaired renal function.MethodA cohort of 553 women with maternal serum free β‐hCG greater than 5 multiple of median (MoM) with a single euploid fetus was matched with a control of the same maternal age (+/−1 year), ethnic origin and with a free β‐hCG within the range 0.50–1.50 MoM. Screening samples were analysed for serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated. Renal function in the two groups was compared. The database was examined to find outcomes registered as known renal disease amongst the high free β‐hCG group.ResultsIn the group with a supra elevated free β‐hCG MoM there was a significant reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (122.85, 95% CI 120.43–124.74 vs 118.80, 95% CI 114.90–121.59; p = 0.009) suggesting a small but increased risk of renal disease.ConclusionsThe presence of renal disease should also be considered as one potential cause of supra elevated levels of free β‐hCG in addition to the possibility of paternally derived triploidy and trisomy 21. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prescription quality in an acute medical ward
Authors: Alyamani Nayef A. , Hopf Yvonne , Williams David J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposePrescribing is an effective and economical means of delivering health care. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of prescriptions in an Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI).MethodsPrescription data were collected from all available medication charts of patients admitted to the ward over a 2‐week period. Prescription quality indicators were divided into two categories: prescription chart related (e.g. complete patient information and absence of drug–drug interactions (DDIs)) and medication related (e.g. legibility of handwriting, generic prescribing and adherence to hospital's formulary).ResultsPatient identifiers were omitted in 4% (n = 8) of the medication charts included in assessing prescribing quality. Patient allergies were omitted in 36% (n = 76) of charts. At least one DDI was detected in 26% (n = 55) of the charts. The mean number of medications prescribed per patient was seven (95%CI, 6.53–7.65). The median number of medication‐related prescribing errors per medication chart was two (interquartile range (IQR), 1–3). The distribution of these errors was significantly higher in charts with five or more medications (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a relatively acceptable level of prescription quality compared to the published literature. However, the number of DDIs and level of allergy documentation are of concern emphasising the need for continued education in this field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics reveals lowering oxygen alters cytoskeletal and endoplasmatic stress proteins in human endothelial cells
Authors: Østergaard Louise , Simonsen Ulf , Eskildsen‐Helmond Yvonne , Vorum Henrik , Uldbjerg Niels , Honoré Bent , Mulvany Michael J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA proteomic approach was applied to explore the signalling pathways elicited by lowering O2 in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells isolated from native umbilical cords were subjected to 21, 5, or 1% O2 for 24 h. 2‐D PAGE was performed and candidate proteins were identified using LC‐MS/MS. Lowering of O2 from 21 to 5% induced upregulation of cofilin‐1, cyclophilin A, tubulin and tubulin fragments, a fragment of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and calmodulin. The upregulation of Grp78 suggested that ER stress proteins were altered and indeed Grp94 and caspase 12 expression were increased in cells exposed to 5% O2. The presence of ER stress is also supported by findings of blunted caffeine‐evoked ER calcium release in cells exposed to 5 and 1% O2. Exposure to 1% O2 caused increases in cofilin‐1, cyclophilin A, and caspase 12 as well as a decrease of β‐actin, but it did not alter the expression of calmodulin, tubulin, Grp78, and Grp94. Incubation with CoCl2, a stabilizer of the hypoxia‐inducible factor, increased the expression of several of the proteins. The present investigations reveal that lowering O2, probably in part through hypoxia‐inducible factor, alter the expression of a series of proteins mainly involved in cytoskeletal changes (e.g. cofilin‐1, tubulin, and β‐actin) and in ER stress/apoptosis (e.g. Grp78/94, caspase 12, and cyclophilin A).
Requirements for the valid quantification of immunostains on tissue microarray materials using image analysis
Authors: Decaestecker Christine , Moles Lopez Xavier , D'Haene Nicky , Roland Isabelle , Guendouz Saad , Duponchelle Christophe , Berton Alix , Debeir Olivier , Salmon Isabelle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAntibody‐based proteomics applied to tissue microarray (TMA) technology provides a very efficient means of visualizing and locating antigen expression in large collections of normal and pathological tissue samples. To characterize antigen expression on TMAs, the use of image analysis methods avoids the effects of human subjectivity evidenced in manual microscopical analysis. Thus, these methods have the potential to significantly enhance both precision and reproducibility. Although some commercial systems include tools for the quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemistry‐stained images, there exists no clear agreement on best practices to allow for correct and reproducible quantification results. Our study focuses on practical aspects regarding (i) image acquisition (ii) segmentation of staining and counterstaining areas and (iii) extraction of quantitative features. We illustrate our findings using a commercial system to quantify different immunohistochemistry markers targeting proteins with different expression patterns (cytoplasmic, nuclear or membranous) in colon cancer or brain tumor TMAs. Our investigations led us to identify several steps that we consider essential for standardizing computer‐assisted immunostaining quantification experiments. In addition, we propose a data normalization process based on reference materials to be able to compare measurements between studies involving different TMAs. In conclusion, we recommend certain critical prerequisites that commercial or in‐house systems should satisfy in order to permit valid immunostaining quantification.
Proteomic analysis of the cold stress response in the moss, Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Yang Pingfang , Zhang Xiaofeng , Xu Yinong , Kuang Tingyun , Shen Shihua , He Yikun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCold stress has adverse effects on plant growth and development. Plants respond and acclimate to cold stress through various biochemical and physiological processes, thereby acquiring stress tolerance. To better understand the basis for tolerance, we carried out a proteomic study in the model moss, Physcomitrella patens, characterizing gametophore proteins with 2‐DE and mass spectroscopy. Following exposure to 0°C for up to 3 days, out of the more than 1000 protein spots reproducibly resolved, only 45 changed in abundance by at least 1.5‐fold. Of these, 35 were identified by tryptic digestion and mass spectroscopy. Photosynthetic proteins decreased, whereas many catabolic proteins increased. In addition, cold stress up‐regulated a variety of signaling, cytoskeleton, and defense proteins and few proteins in these classes were down‐regulated. Up‐regulated proteins include the 14‐3‐3‐like protein, actin, HSP70s, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 proteins. These results point to pathways that are important for the mechanism of cold stress response in P. patens and by extension to the entire plant kingdom.
Second Joint HUPO Publication and Proteomics Standards Initiative Workshop
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Binz Pierre‐Alain , Hermjakob Henning 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe field of proteomics is still expanding, with each year there being an increasing number of publications on the subject and this has been reflected by a recent expansion in the number of specialist journals serving the field. A plenary session organized by the Publications Committee of the Human Proteome Organisation at the 7th HUPO congress [Orchard, S., Ping, P., Proteomics 2009, 9, 502–503] highlighted lack of commonality between the different journals in their reporting requirements as an issue for potential authors and it had been agreed at that event to organise a subsequent, open meeting to discuss this further. As the authors of a set of independent reporting requirements, the MIAPE documents [Taylor, C. F., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Binz, P.‐A. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2007, 25, 887–893], the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI) agreed to act as co‐hosts and hold this meeting adjacent to their annual workshop in Turku, Finland, April 25–27th 2009. Most of the specialist journals publishing in this field were represented at the event as well as data providers, databases and the authors of the HUPO‐PSI standards documents.
A refined lack‐of‐fit statistic to calibrate pesticide fate models for responsive systems
Authors: Nolan Bernard T , Dubus Igor G , Surdyk Nicolas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Calibration by inverse modelling was performed with the MACRO transport and fate model using long‐term (>10 years) drainflow and isoproturon (IPU) data from western France. Two lack‐of‐fit (LOF) indices were used to control the inverse modelling: sum of squares (SS) and an alternative statistic called the vertical‐horizontal distance integrator (VHDI), which is designed to account for offsets in observed and predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration. With these data, SS was artificially inflated because it is limited to comparison of predicted and observed IPU concentrations that are concurrent in time. The LOFs were used along with the index of agreement (d) and the correlation coefficient (r) to ascertain the fit of the calibrated models.RESULTS: Predicted arrival times of peak IPU concentration differed somewhat from observed times. All four indices indicated better model fit for the second of two validation periods when inverse modelling was controlled by VHDI rather than SS (SS = 26.4, d = 0.660, r = 0.606 and VHDI = 1.25). The VHDI statistic was markedly lower compared with the uncalibrated model (38.0) and SS calibration results (24.5). The final maximum predicted IPU concentration (44.5 µg L−1) for the calibration period was very similar to the observed value (44 µg L−1).CONCLUSION: VHDI is seen as an effective alternative to SS for calibration and validation of pesticide fate models applied to responsive systems. VHDI provided a more realistic assessment of model performance for the transient flows and short‐lived concentrations observed here, and also effectively substituted for the objective function in inverse modelling. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined XBIC/μ‐XRF/μ‐XAS/DLTS investigation of chemical character and electrical properties of Cu and Ni precipitates in silicon
Authors: Trushin M. , Vyvenko O. , Seifert W. , Kittler M. , Zizak I. , Erko A. , Seibt M. , Rudolf C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of Phys. Status Solidi C has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verification of cloud‐fraction forecasts
Authors: Hogan Robin J. , O'Connor Ewan J. , Illingworth Anthony J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCloud radar and lidar can be used to evaluate the skill of numerical weather prediction models in forecasting the timing and placement of clouds, but care must be taken in choosing the appropriate metric of skill to use due to the non‐Gaussian nature of cloud‐fraction distributions. We compare the properties of a number of different verification measures and conclude that of existing measures the Log of Odds Ratio is the most suitable for cloud fraction. We also propose a new measure, the Symmetric Extreme Dependency Score, which has very attractive properties, being equitable (for large samples), difficult to hedge and independent of the frequency of occurrence of the quantity being verified. We then use data from five European ground‐based sites and seven forecast models, processed using the ‘Cloudnet’ analysis system, to investigate the dependence of forecast skill on cloud fraction threshold (for binary skill scores), height, horizontal scale and (for the Met Office and German Weather Service models) forecast lead time. The models are found to be least skillful at predicting the timing and placement of boundary‐layer clouds and most skilful at predicting mid‐level clouds, although in the latter case they tend to underestimate mean cloud fraction when cloud is present. It is found that skill decreases approximately inverse‐exponentially with forecast lead time, enabling a forecast ‘half‐life’ to be estimated. When considering the skill of instantaneous model snapshots, we find typical values ranging between 2.5 and 4.5 days. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Modeling process flow using diagrams
Authors: Kemper Benjamin , de Mast Jeroen , Mandjes Michel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the practice of process improvement, tools such as the flowchart, the value‐stream map (VSM), and a variety of ad hoc variants of such diagrams are commonly used. The purpose of this paper is to present a clear, precise, and consistent framework for the use of such flow diagrams in process improvement projects. The paper finds that traditional diagrams, such as the flowchart, the VSM, and OR‐type of diagrams, have severe limitations, miss certain elements, or are based on implicit but consequential premises. These limitations restrict the applicability of traditional diagrams in non‐manufacturing areas such as service and healthcare processes.We show that a rational reconstruction for the use of diagrams in various disciplines regarding process flow boils down to a generic framework of elements, definitions of generic process metrics, and three classes of applications, namely the ‘as‐is’, ‘could‐be’, and ‘should‐be’ analysis.The goal is not to replace all currently used diagrams, but merely to discuss the role of diagram usage in process flow modeling. This paper provides an explicit framework that is unambiguous and flexible, and has the potential to serve as a guideline for the practitioner, in manufacturing as well as in service and healthcare. Besides, it may serve as a starting point to develop an ontology of business processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of tanshinones with quinone reductase induction activity from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Zhongjun , Zhang Min , Song Zhihang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuinone reductase (QR) induction is a reliable biomarker of phase II enzyme induction. In this study, glutathione (GSH) was employed and a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was introduced to reveal the chemical constituents with QR activity from the ethyl acetate extract of roots Salvia miltiorrhiza (‘Danshen’) and nine tanshinones (9, 13, 17‐19, 21, 24–26), which could conjugate with GSH, were characterized by LC/MS/MS and considered to have QR activities. Then, thirteen tanshinones, including six compounds (17, 18, 21, 24–26) of the above nine tanshinones, were isolated to conduct QR induction evaluation, and it was found that miltirone and its derivatives (18, 20, 24, 26) exhibited significant activities. The GSH conjugate abilities of the isolated tanshinones were also examined; this showed that compounds 18, 20, 24 and 26 had good conjugating abilities with GSH. Compared with the in vitro bioactivity screening results, this proved that conjugate ability is related with QR activity, so an LC/MS/MS method can be applied to find more active compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast analysis of isobaric grape anthocyanins by Chip‐liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Flamini Riccardo , De Rosso Mirko , Smaniotto Anna , Panighel Annarita , Vedova Antonio Dalla , Seraglia Roberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn a previous work, direct‐infusion electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MS/MS) was applied to the study of anthocyanins in extracts from the skins of Clinton grapes, a non‐Vitis vinifera red grape variety qualitatively and quantitatively rich in anthocyanins. A good characterization of anthocyaninins was obtained, but it was impossible to differentiate some compounds with the same nominal mass but with different elemental composition. In this work, the capabilities of quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS) coupled with Chip‐liquid chromatography (LC‐Chip) were applied to the study of Clinton anthocyanins and this method provided the complete sample anthocyanin fingerprint in less than 5 min. Multi‐stage mass spectrometry (MSn; n >2) was not necessary to identify isobaric compounds, nor were deuterium‐exchange experiments necessary to distinguish between compounds containing the same aglycone. The fast separation bypasses the problem of petunidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)monoglucoside and delphinidin‐3,5‐O‐diglucoside quantification, present in the direct‐infusion ESI‐ITMS approach, due to overlapping with matrix interferences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass‐selective axial ejection from a linear ion trap with a direct current extraction field
Authors: Sugiyama Masuyuki , Hasegawa Hideki , Hashimoto Yuichiro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have developed a new mass‐selective axial ejection method from a linear ion trap (LIT). In this method, a set consisting of a trap wire lens and an extraction wire lens positioned orthogonally to each other was placed between quadrupole rods. The trap wire lens confines the ions inside the trap, and the extraction wire axially extracts ions from the trap. Ions introduced into the LIT are trapped between the inlet lens and the trap wire lens. In addition to the wire lenses, a set of excitation lenses, which are aligned orthogonally to the trap wire lens, are inserted between rods. The ions are resonantly excited in the direction perpendicular to the trap wire lens by applying a supplemental alternating current (AC) to the excitation lenses. Excited ions with a large motion pass over the trap wire lens, while unexcited ions remain trapped inside. Ions that have passed over the trap wire lens are then extracted by the extraction wire lens. The characteristics of the mass‐selective ejection with a direct current (DC) extraction field were investigated by both simulation and experiment. A mass resolving power of m/Δm = 1300 was achieved at a scan rate of 500 Th/s. The dependence of the ejection efficiency on trap wire lens bias was measured, and an ejection efficiency of 20% at a scan rate of 500 Th/s was achieved by optimizing the DC bias on the trap wire lens. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.