bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permafrost research
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

Among the highest priorities for permafrost research in the next 2 decades will be the improvement of detection and mapping techniques, the evaluation of engineering practices in frozen regions, and the establishment of a mukidisciplinary program to observe the “active layer” just above the permafrost; these are the conclusions of a new report by the National Research Council's (NRC) Polar Research Board as part of its continuing effort to set guidelines for scientific research in polar regions.Like an earlier NRC report on Antarctic science (Eos, October 18, 1983, p. 596), the new study ranks the most pressing research priorities in an era of tight budgets. The 103‐page study, entitled Permafrost Research: An Assesment of Future Needs, was prepared by the Polar Research Board's Committee on Permafrost, with the advice of scientists and engineers from state and federal agencies, private industry, and universities.
JOI to manage drilling program
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), has been awarded a 5‐year, $141 million contract by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to manage and operate the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The international scientific program follows the 15‐year Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and is expected to last a decade. JOI, founded in 1976 to manage scientific services and planning functions for DSDP, is based in Washington, D.C., and consists of 10 major oceanographicinstitutions.Drilling operations are expected to begin in October at the start of fiscal 1985. Negotiations are under way to lease a commercial drill ship for the program (Eos, May 5, 1983, p. 174; February 22, 1983, p. 73). According to D. James Baker, Jr., JOI president, and Sandra D. Toye, ODP program director, a decision on the choice of the research ship is likely to be made in February; overhaul of the commercial ship to make it suitable for scientific drilling is scheduled to be done by October. The Glomar Challenger had been leased for 15 years as DSDP's drill ship.
Space station proposed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In his State of the Union address on January 25, President Ronald Reagan announced that he was directing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to “develop a permanently manned space station, and to do it within a decade.”Included in the NASA budget proposal sent to Congress the following week was $150 million for the station. This is the first request of many; expected costs will total roughly $8 billion by the early 1990's.
January streamflow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

After a wet December that produced record high streamflows in many states, flows generally decreased during January, although many streams in the Gulf Coast region and the West were still flowing at rates well above average for this time of year, according to the regular monthend check of national water conditions by the U.S. Geological Survev (USGS).USGS hydrologists said that only 35% of the 171 key index gaging stations across the country reported streamflows that were well above average during January. In contrast, 73% of these key gaging stations had reported well above average flows in December. The number of stations reporting well below normal flows increased from 13 stations (7%) in December to 25 stations (14%) in January.
Science and policy on Capitol Hill
Authors: Weissman Arthur B. 
Published: October 2011

I spent my year as the 1982–1983 AGU Congressional Science Fellow as legislative assistant to Sen. Christopher J. Dodd (D‐Conn.), covering environment and energy issues. I offer this final report of my year not only for potential Congressional Science Fellows but for all readers of Eos who may want to contribute to science policy making (but are afraid to try).My primary goal was to get a broad exposure to issues, organizations, people, and the legislative process; this I achieved beyond my expectation. Congress, remarkably, is set up like a vast marketplace: There are vendors (the lobbyists and interest groups) and consumers (the constituents), and each group makes its desires known to the members of Congress, who act as brokers. Issues are strewn about like so many fish—some stale and rancid; others fresh and meaty, the catch of the day. And there is no real respite: Problems requiring a response (if not a solution) will seek out even the most diffident Member or staffer.
Ocean drilling ship chosen
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The Sedco/BP 471, owned jointly by Sedco, Inc., of Dallas, Tex., and British Petroleum, has been selected as the drill ship for the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The contract, with a specified initial term of 4 years with 10 1‐year options after that, is expected to be signed by mid March by Texas A&M University, the ODP science operator, and Sedco, Inc. Texas A&M will develop the design for scientific and laboratory spaces aboard the Sedco/BP 471 and will oversee the ship conversion. Testing and shakedown of the ship is scheduled for the coming autumn; the first scientific cruise is scheduled for next January.One year ago, the commercial drilling market sagged, opening up the option for leasing a commercial drill ship (Eos, February 22, 1983, p. 73). Previously, the ship of choice had been the Glomar Explorer; rehabilitating the former CIA salvage ship would have been extremely expensive, however.
Arctic hurricanes
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The devastating winter storms that swoop across the Arctic, endangering offshore oil rigs, shipping, and fishing operations in their paths, are the subject of current study by a team of weather researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). As part of the study, U.S. scientists and those from several other countries also will attempt to estimate how much carbon dioxide is transferred from the atmosphere into the North Atlantic's deep waters during winter storms.A typical polar low, like a hurricane, has a spiral cloud pattern and winds exceeding 120 km per hour, said Melvyn Shapiro, senior meteorologist on the polar‐low study. The storms are smaller than most hurricanes, however, and rarely have a diameter greater than 320 km. Some, but not all, develop an “eye,” like a hurricane. Polar lows, only recently documented from polar orbiting satellite imagery, appear to form primarily from October to April, but peak in February.
Actions at Hamburg International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The third Workshop on Historical Seismograms, held in Hamburg on August 18–19, 1983, in conjunction with the meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, was specifically organized to discuss the status of historical seismic data for Latin America and Europe. Since it is unlikely that an additional workshop will be held on this subject, reports for other regions were included as well.In the first session, H. Meyers described the purpose of the workshop and gave some history of the previous activities of the IASPEI/Unesco Working Group on Historical Seismograms. E.R. Engdahl noted that thus far more than 500,000 seismograms have been filmed as part of the Historical Microfilming Project and emphasized the importance of the activities to be covered during the workshop. M. Hashizume, representing Unesco, described the importance of historical seismic data and the Unesco interests in having these data available for the analysis of seismic risks, particularly in areas where the recurrence rate of significant earthquakes is very low and for regions where much data do not exist. He mentioned that both these conditions occur frequently in developing nations.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.Aubrey L. Anderson (O), Lennart A. Anderson (V), Kathleen W. Baird (V), William R. Bergmann (A), E. N. Bernard (O), Joyce R. Blueford (O), Wayne M. Brewer (T), Nancy Ann Brewster (O), Philip S. Callahan (O), Jack G. Calvert (A), Drew A. Carey (O), Benjamin Chen (O), J. W. Cole (V), George Courtney (T), Charles G. Crawford (H).
Magnetospheric processes in the plasmapause
Authors: Green James L. , Horwitz James L. 
Published: October 2011

The current experimental and theoretical status on the existence and importance of the plasmapause as a magnetospheric boundary was the subject of a conference on Fundamental Magnetospheric Processes in the Plasmapause Region, held at Huntsville, Ala., October 25–27, 1983, under the joint sponsorship of the Marshall Space Flight Center and the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Since the last plasmapause conference, in 1974, new spacecraft and new techniques in ground‐based radar measurements are providing an exciting look at the plasmapause and plasmasphere. More than 75 scientists from the United States, France, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, and the United Kingdom attended the 1983 conference.The five major sessions to the conference were: (1) identification, formation, and structure of the plasmapause and its relationship to other magnetospheric boundaries, (2) sources and loss processes of cold and warm plasmas in the plasmapause region, (3) ionospheric trough and its relationship to the plasmapause, (4) hot plasmas in the inner magnetosphere, and (5) wave phenomena in the plasmapause region.
The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation
Authors: Moore Charles B. 
Published: October 2011

The first hot air balloon ascension over Paris in September 1783 has been described so many times that it and its passengers—the sheep, the rooster, and the duck—have joined Benjamin Franklin and his kite in the folklore of our culture. Not so well known is the earlier history of ballooning; that the brothers Montgolfier had demonstrated their hot air balloons repeatedly for several months prior to the ascent over Paris; or that the physicist Charles, urged onward and financed by an enthusiast, Barthélemy Faujas de Saint‐Fond, launched successfully the first fabric balloon filled with hydrogen over Paris more than 3 weeks prior to the memorable ascent of the sheep, and rooster, and the duck.For all of its well‐documented detail, the book is readable and enjoyable. It is a well‐written but complex book in which Professor Gillispie develops a number of subjects to recreate the era in perspective. The origins and the disposition of the Montgolfiers, the industry of the period, the idea of capturing heated air are all reported in detail. The attempts to obtain government funding and the promotional activities in Paris were forerunners of the modern techniques for obtaining support of research activities.
James J. O'Brien: New JGR editor
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A quality journal results from good scientific work written up well by contributors and from good reviewers sifting out the best papers, according to James J. O'Brien, one of the new editors for the Journal of Geophysical Research. O'Brien, professor of meteorology and oceanography at Florida State University, began his 4‐year term on January 1 as editor of the journal section emphasizing oceanography and boundary layer meteorology. O'Brien, who succeeds A.D. Kirwan, Jr., has been receiving manuscripts since October.One change that the new editor has instituted is that an author can submit a paper directly to one of the associate editors instead of sending it to O'Brien. If the associate editor is willing to act as the editor for a particular manuscript, then O'Brien will accept that. In addition to saving time, this change will enable the associate editors to apply their expertise in various fields in establishing appropriate criteria for quality in different disciplines.
Hydrologist certification: Two views
Authors: Merriam Robert A. , Holzhausen Gary R. 
Published: October 2011

I recently received a letter regarding the registration of hydrologists but paid little attention. Now with Peter S. Eagleson's, president of the Hydrology Section, comments in Eos (Jan. 10, 1984, pp. 9–10) I realize there must be quite a controversy. I would like to comment, particularly with regard to the argument that registration will protect the public.I am a registered professional forester in California. Therefore I am qualified to practice there. Correct? Legally, yes. Professionally, in most regards, no. I have never done the type of forestry work for which the registration law was primarily designed. My experience has been primarily with brushfields and rangelands or with tree species of the subtropics.
AGU Hydrology Section
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Executive Committee of the AGU Hydrology Section met in regular session at 4:00 P.M. on Thursday, December 8, 1983, in Room 378 of the Cathedral Hill Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. Seven board members were present with section president, Peter Eagleson, presiding.A total of 18 sessions were presented in San Francisco, and all were well attended, as was reported by program chairman Dennis Lettenmaier. Added to the regular sessions of General Hydrology, General Ground‐water Hydrology, and Sediment Transport were the following special sessions: Glacier Ocean Interaction, presider Edward Josberger; Orinoco and the Amazon, presider Edward Andrews; Transport and Geochemical Interactions in Stream Water, presider F. E. Bencola; Instream Flow Requirements for Fish, presider Brian W. Mar; Multivariate Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Geophysical Time Series, presiders Jose D. Salas and David R. Dawdy; Optimization Techniques for Managing Ground Water and Stream Aquifer Systems, presider Steve Gorelick; Treatment of Evapotranspiration Soil Moisture Evolution and Aquifer Recharge in Watershed Models, presiders Arlen D. Feldman and Hubert J. Morel‐Seytoux; Statistical Procedures for Estimating of Flood Risk at Gauged Sites, presider J. R. Stedinger; and Searching for More Physically Based Extreme Value Distributions in Hydrology, presider Juan B. Valdes. The session on Glacier Ocean Interaction received the most publicity, with numerous accounts of some of the presentations appearing in the newspaper. One of the pleasant surprises of the meetings was the high attendance at the special sessions on Optimization Techniques for Managing Ground Water and Stream Aquifer Systems and Multivariate Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Geophysical Time Series. Both sessions were highly interdisciplinary, attracting numerous scientists from other sections of AGU.
New climate delivery system developed
Authors: Changnon Stanley A. , Vogel John L. , Wendland Wayne M. 
Published: October 2011

The Illinois Climate Center can now provide information through the Climate Assistance Service (CLASS) about the current status of many weather parameters, such as accumulated degree days, differences between seasonal rainfall and normal, and long‐range future climate predictions. Illinois is the first state to start such a near real‐time climate information system where the observations are gathered from National Weather Service cooperative observers.The concept of CLASS was envisioned and designed by Stanley Changnon, chief of the Illinois State Water Survey; Wayne Wendland, head of the Climatology and Meteorology Section; and John Vogel, head of the survey's Climate Information Unit. Grants from the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Climate Analysis Center and National Climate Program Office) were coupled with existing Survey funds and information products of the Illinois State National History Survey to develop this system.
U.S. Wetlands
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Although the overall rate that the nation's wetlands are being converted to other uses is not alarming, the continued incremental conversion of wetlands, especially in certain inland regions of the country, may have significant adverse ecological effects over the next few decades. A comprehensive report on wetlands, requested by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, was released recently by Senator John H. Chafee (R‐R.I.), chairman of the Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution. The report outlines options for new federal measures that could lead to more effective management of wetlands in the United States.Federal efforts to manage wetlands could be more effective if they were focused on higher value wetlands, although, because the value of individual wetlands in different regions of the country have not been evaluated at this time, priorities for protection have not been established.
New interagency drilling group
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Three government agencies last month signed a continental drilling agreement that defines the interests and responsibilities of each agency regarding continental scientific drilling and that establishes a coordinating group to discuss current and potential projects.Representatives from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from the Department of the Interior, and the Department of Energy (DOE) signed the accord on April 2. The Interagency Coordinating Group for Continental Scientific Drilling, established by the accord, aims to “avoid undesirable duplication or gaps in federal scientific efforts toward achieving better basic understanding of the processes that operating through time, have led to the evolution of the chemical and physical structure and properties of the earth's continental crust.”
[Comment on “Opportunities for research in the geological sciences”] NRC report omissions
Authors: Watts A. B. 
Published: October 2011

It was with some disappointment that I read Bill Dickinson's reply to Ken Macdonald ‘Eos, February 21, 1984’ concerning the National Research Council (NRC) report entitled "Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences.”I agree with Macdonald that a number of exciting areas of research in the geological sciences were omitted from the report. The most obvious omission was a discussion of recent developments in marine geology and geophysics. I think it is fair to conclude that most of our understanding of the tectonics of the earth during the past 20 years has come from marine geology and geophysics. The new generation of research vessels with high‐resolution sensors, manned submersibles, deep tow systems, and ocean drilling vessels promise to keep marine geoscientists at the forefront of earth science research in the future.
The risks of drinking water
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

Three researchers from the Energy and Environmental Policy Center at Harvard University have come up with a new method of calculating the risk from contaminants in drinking water, one that they believe takes into account some of the uncertainties in pronouncing water safe or dangerous to drink. The new method concentrates on the risk of cancer, which authors Edmund Crouch, Richard Wilson, and Lauren Zeise believe has not been properly considered in establishing drinking water standards.Writing in the December 1983 issue of Water Resources Research, the authors state that “current [drinking water] standards for a given chemical or class of chemicals do not account for the presence of other pollutants” that could combine to create dangerous substances. According to Wilson, “Over a hundred industrial pollutants and chlorination byproducts have been found in various samples of drinking water, some of which are known carcinogens, others suspected carcinogens.” The same chlorine that solves one major health problem—the threat of bacterial disease—can thus contribute to another, according to the authors, by increasing the long‐term risk of cancer. The largest risks are due to halomethanes such as chloroform and bromoform, produced as chlorine reacts with organic matter in drinking water.
Antarctic fossils
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A recent expedition to a barren island off Antarctica has yielded a wealth of fossils. Some of the 11 marine invertebrate species found were previously known to exist only at mid‐latitudes, while others had not been known to exist anywhere. The discoveries on Seymour Island suggest that the Antarctic region acted as a “holding tank” for a wide variety of animals that originated and evolved for millions of years in the region and then dispersed northward, according to researchers on the expedition.“Scientists have previously believed that most evolution took place in the tropics or in low or mid‐latitudes,” said expedition leader William J. Zinsmeister, formerly of Ohio State University and now of Purdue University. “The polar regions have been looked upon as unimportant. Now, however, because of recent discoveries in the polar regions, our ideas about evolution will have to be modified. It's apparent that evolution has, indeed, been taking place in the polar regions and that these regions may have been a source for many groups of animals and plants,” he said.
U.K. radio science reviews available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Coincident with its triennial general assemblies, the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) publishes an international review of the most significant scientific developments over the previous 3 years in the nine subject areas covered by URSI's commissions. To produce this review, international editors distill reviews from each member country of national scientific developments. For those scientists who wish to know more details about the significant scientific developments in radio science in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1984, the British National Committee for Radio Science has made its reviews available.Unless otherwise noted, the following surveys are available from the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, Attention: C.R. Argent.
Wayne V. Burt: AGU Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Reid Joseph L. , Brewer Peter G. 
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of AGU recognizes Wayne V. Burt's 36 years of participation, leadership, and service in the oceanographic community. He earned his B.S. degree in Mathematics at Pacific College in 1939, and after serving in the former Naval Weather Service (including study at the Naval Postgraduate School while it was still in Annapolis), he obtained his MS and Ph.D. degrees from the UCLA‐Scripps Institution of Oceanography program in 1948 and 1952, respectively.After serving on the faculty at the Chesapeake Bay Institute of The Johns Hopkins University, and on the research staff of the Department of Oceanography at the Univeristy of Washington, Wayne returned in 1954 to Oregon, where he had been raised, determined that the state needed a program in oceanography, regardless of whether or not it recognized this fact. The University of Oregon displayed little interest in his vision, but President Strand of Oregon State University (OSU) provided him with a niche; that is, a closet, where he could pursue his Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored research. This base allowed him to develop a proposal that led to funding under ONR's TENOC program (which supported the development of most of the “second generation” oceanographic institutions in the United States), and to formation of a Department of Oceanography in 1959.