bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, Biochemical and Cytologic Properties of Blood and Synovial Fluid in Clinically Normal Adult Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Nazifi S. , Rezakhani A. , Gheisari H. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryForty‐three adult one‐humped Iranian camels (Camelus dromedarius) were studied to determine their physical, cellular and biochemical parameters of synovial fluid and blood. All the animals were clinically normal with no clinical signs of locomotion problem. Synovial fluid samples were taken from both elbow joints, and blood samples were also obtained from the jugular vein immediately prior to arthrocentesis. The synovial fluid appeared pale, creamy, and clear with no debris. No clot formation was observed at room temperature. Mucin clot test in all samples was normal. The percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in the synovial fluid was lower than that in blood (P < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes in the synovial fluid was higher than that in blood (P < 0.05). The concentration of protein, glucose, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, CK and LDH was higher in the serum than in the synovial fluid (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the concentration of chloride in the synovial fluid was higher than in the serum (P < 0.05). The concentration of urea nitrogen in the synovial fluid was similar to that of the serum. Comparing the values of the synovial fluid constituents of the left and the right elbow joint showed that there was no significant difference in any of the physical, cellular and biochemical parameters. No significant difference was found in any of the cellular and biochemical parameters of male and female camels' blood except in red blood cell counts, which was lower in females than males. Comparing the values of the synovial fluid of male and female camels showed that there was no significant difference in any of the physical, cellular and biochemical parameters.
Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in Chicken Bred for Meat or Egg Production. I. Histopathological and Electron Microscopic Examination
Authors: Soike D. , Bergmann V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA comparative histopathological and electron microscopic study based on selected skeletal muscle in layer‐type and meat‐type chickens was carried out to detect possible effects of selection for rapid growth and increased muscularity on muscle health. Disseminated fibre degeneration and other myopathological changes occurred more frequently in muscles of meat‐type chickens than in layer‐type chickens of the same age. The breast region of meat‐type chickens — highly developed as a breeding aim — was particularly affected. Experimental exertion demonstrated the limited adaptability of skeletal muscle to psychomotor stress in meat‐type chickens. Meat‐type chickens showed a higher increase of histopathological muscular lesions after repeated wing exercise than layer‐type chickens. Ultrastructural lesions caused by experimental exertion were classified as adaptive‐reversible in layer‐type chickens. As opposed to this, irreversible destruction of myofibrillar architecture in meat‐type chickens are an indication for muscle ischaemia after exertion. Significant changes of structural, metabolic and functional parameters of skeletal muscle related to breeding aims in meat type chickens contribute to finding an explanation for their increased susceptibility to pathological reactions.
Chloramphenicol Pharmacokinetics after Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Sheep
Authors: Mestorino O. N. , Errecalde J. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 50 mg/kg body weight in Merino sheep. After intravenous administration, the drug was rapidly distributed extravascularly with a half‐life of 10.5 ± 8.83 min. Extensive distribution was confirmed by an apparent volume of distribution at steady state (1.5 ± 0.43 1/kg). The elimination half‐life was 3.24 ± 0.60 h. After intramuscular injection, the absorption half‐life was 44.33 ± 19.21 min with a bioavailability of 65%. A maximum serum concentration of 15.57 ± 3.95 μg/ml was determined 2 h after administration. Serum concentrations above 5μg/ml were maintained for approximately 12 h with an elimination half‐life of 5.75 ± 1.25 h, longer than the half‐life obtained after intravenous administration. In conclusion, the intramuscular administration of chloramphenical at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg permitted the maintenance of inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic for the majority of Salmonella and Pasteurella isolates for at least 12 h.
Effects of Topical Application of Honey on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rabbits
Authors: Oryan A. , Zaker S. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough it has been known for many centuries that honey can accelerate wound healing, there have only been isolated reports of its use in the healing of burns, ulcers, infected wounds and open wounds. None of these reports developed a model to assess the changes in morphological and biochemical properties due to topical application of honey on cutaneous wounds. In the present investigation, efficacy of honey in the healing of cutaneous wounds of rabbits was studied on the basis of histopathological and biochemical changes. For this reason 40 healthy White New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to four equal groups. Using aseptic surgical technique, a 3 cm incision was made on the skin of the left thigh of each rabbit and the wounds of five rabbits in each group were twice daily treated with topical application of 5 ml pure unheated honey. The other half remained as untreated controls. Rabbits in groups A, B, C and D were biopsied on days 2, 7, 14 and 21 postoperatively respectively, and biopsies from the lesions of all groups were collected for histopathological studies and from groups C and D for biomechanical evaluations as well. Treated lesions showed less oedema, fewer polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltration, less necrosis, better wound contraction, improved epithelialization and lower glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan concentration on days 2 and 7 postoperatively and better tissue organization and consequently an improved tissue ultimate strength and yield strength on days 14 and 21 postoperation. These findings suggest that honey applied topically on cutaneous wounds accelerates the healing processes and appears to have an important property that makes it ideal as a dressing for cutaneous wounds.
Pharmacokinetics of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim in the Donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Oukessou M. , Alsouss L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe body disposition of sulfadimidine (SDM), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPZ) and a trimethoprim—sulfadimethoxine combination (TMP‐SDMX) was investigated in the donkey. The four sulfonamides and TMP were injected intravenously at doses of 20 mg/kg (SDM, SDZ, SMPZ), 12.5 mg/kg (SDMX) and 2.5 mg/kg (TMP). The body clearance (ClB) of SDZ (1.70 ± 0.14 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher than those of SDM (1.13 ± 0.18 ml/min/kg), SMPZ (1.10 ± 0.09 ml/min/kg) and SDMX (0.75 ± 0.04 ml/min/kg). In contrast, the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was similar for the four sulfonamides (0.68 ± 0.08 L/kg, 0.63 ± 0.07 L/kg, 0.47 ± 0.06 L/kg, and 0.46 ± 0.05 L/kg for SDM, SDZ, SMPZ and SDMX, respectively). Both ClBand Vsswere significantly higher for TMP (4.36 ± 0.60 ml/min/kg and 2.71 ± 0.86 L/kg) than for sulfonamides. Antipyrine ClB(3.49 ± 0.35 ml/min/kg) and Vss(0.66 ± 0.16 L/kg), determined in order to assess hepatic oxidative function and total body water volume, respectively, were either different from (ClB), or similar to (Vss), values calculated for sulfonamides. The results obtained were compared to those reported in horses.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in a Bull by means of Butyrate Infusion
Authors: Deinhofer M. , Weissenböck H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA 9‐month‐old bull was presented with a history of runting and glucosuria. The bull showed major signs of diabetes mellitus, such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, emaciation, glucosuria, and ketonuria, but persistent hyperglycemia was missing. Because in an intravenous glucose tolerance test glucose disappearance was only insignificantly more rapid in a non‐diabetic age‐matched control than in the diabetic bull a butyrate‐stimulated insulin response test was performed. Insulin response to butyrate infusion was markedly impaired in the diabetic bull compared with the non‐diabetic bull. At necropsy hepatic cirrhosis was noticed and suggestive signs for diabetes mellitus were seen in liver and kidneys.
Comparative Analysis of Blood Chemical Values in Primary Ketosis and Abomasal Displacement in Cows
Authors: Itoh N. , Koiwa M. , Hatsugaya A. , Yokota H. , Taniyama H. , Okada H. , Kudo K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood chemical values, including ketone bodies, were measured in 25 cows with abomasal displacement (displacement group), 16 cows with primary ketosis (ketosis group), and nine normal controls to investigate the pathophysiology of abomasal displacement. Increases in aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and ketone bodies (3‐hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) were observed in the displacement and ketosis groups. Total cholesterol increased significantly in the ketosis group but decreased in the displacement group. Glucose was significantly low and reversely correlated to ketone bodies in the ketosis group but was not low and was not correlated with ketone bodies in the displacement group. While NEFA was correlated to ketone bodies in the ketosis group, it was not in the displacement group. A correlation between the values of acetoacetic acid and 3‐hydroxybutyric acid was seen in both the ketosis and displacement groups. The fact that blood chemical values in ketosis cows were clearly different from those in displacement cows suggests that the biochemical mechanism of ketogenesis is different between these two groups.
An Outbreak of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia at Oaxaca, Mexico, Associated with Fumonisin B1
Authors: Rosiles M. R. , Bautista J. , Fuentes V. O. , Ross F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEquine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), swine pulmonary oedema and human oesophageal cancer have been associated with fumonisine B1 (FB1) ingestion. For the first time in this study it is reported that FB1 was identified as being associated with an outbreak of ELEM at Oaxaca, Mexico. Symptoms of ELEM and Equine Venezuelan Encephalitis (EVE) are similar and a different diagnosis is obligatory. In the geographical area (Oaxaca, Mexico) where donkeys died showing a neurological syndrome, 14 corn samples were collected. With the use of TLC (Thin layer chromatography) and HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) all collected samples resulted positive to FB1. In the area of study, this syndrome was reported to be the cause of death of 100 donkeys, after 3 postmortem examinations in which macroscopic and microscopic cerebral white matter liquefactive necrosis were observed, when FB1 concentration was determined in the samples collected, using HPLC and TLC. It was concluded that HPLC is a highly sensitive method for the detection of FB1 through the formation of an OPA derivative. However, the reverse phase TLC plate nad the visualisation of the coloured reaction with the vanillin acidic solution is more objective. FB1 concentration in the studied samples ranged from 0.67 to 13.3 ppm. It was concluded that FB1 was the causae of leukoencephalomalacia reported in donkeys in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Clinical, Haematological and Radiological Evaluation of Fragmented Autogenous Cortical Bone Grafting of Radius in Dogs
Authors: Grover R. K. , Sobti V. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn eight clinically healthy dogs, a midshaft diaphyseal defect of 2 cm was created in the right radius ulna. This gap was maintained by fixing a four hole sherman bone plate on the radius. In four dogs, the gap was filled with autogenous cancellous bone grafts (2–5 mm in diameter) harvested from the proximal end of the tibia (group 1). In the remaining 4 dogs, the fracture gap was filled with autogenous cortical bone fragments (ACBF) of 2–5 mm diameter made from the same 2 cm piece of bone removed from the radius. While comparing various clinical observations, it appeared that healing of the wounds and bearing of the weight on the grafted limb in dogs subjected to ACBF graft were similar to those given autogenous cancellous bone graft. In radiographs, taken on the 30th day in group 1, a fairly good amount of callus was found emerging from fracture ends but the whole of the bone graft area was not covered by bony density even on the 60th day. In group 2 (ACBF), 45th day radiograph revealed that the callus from the fracture end was mixing up with the cortical bone fragments, and at the 60th day, the callus was clearly found invading the cortical bone fragments grafted in the fracture gap.
Radiographic Assessment of Equine Interphalangeal Joints Asymmetry: Articular Impact of Phalangeal Rotations (Part I)
Authors: Caudron I. , Grulke S. , Farnir F. , Aupaix R. , Serteyn D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study is part of a work to develop a radiographic method that defines objectively the individual conformation of an equine digit and its appropriate trimming. The authors used isolated distal limbs on a rotation support to study the influence of induced foot rotations on several angles measured from specific radiographs. The results of this work enabled the authors to quantify the rotation of the proximal phalanx compared to the distal, and to determine exactly the possible rotation in the distal interphalangeal joint. It was also observed that, faced with a forced rotation of the foot, the digit responded by a hoof plastic deformity, a distal interphalangeal intra‐articular rotation and asymmetrical interphalangeal compressions.
Radiographic Assessment of Equine Interphalangeal Joints Asymmetry: Articular Impact of Asymmetric Bearings (Part II)
Authors: Caudron I. , Grulke S. , Farnir F. , Aupaix R. , Serteyn D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study is part of a work to develop a radiographic method that defines objectively the individual conformation of an equine digit and its appropriate trimming. The authors used isolated distal limbs fastened on a rotation support with variable inclinations to study the influence of induced asymmetric bearings on various angles measured from specific radiographs. The digit responded to asymmetric bearings by 1. deformation of the hoof; 2. rotation of the phalanges; and 3. joint asymmetry or local articular space narrowing. The two last situations occurred mainly in the distal interphalangeal joint. Some of the angles mentioned above allow quantification of interphalangeal articular asymmetry, angular deformity and rotational deviation of a distal limb.
Effect of Heavy Metal Salts on the Activity of Rat Liver and Kidney Catalase and Lysosomal Hydrolases
Authors: Popova M. P. , Popov CH. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn as well as of a Pb + Zn combination on the total, available and nonsedimentable (NS) activities of lysosomal and peroxisomal enzymes were examined. An activating influence on the total activities of liver acid phosphatase (AP) and cathepsin D was shown for Cu. In the kidney the heavy metals induced changes in the total activity only of catalase. The effect of Cu was inhibiting, while that of Pb and of the Pb + Zn combination was activating. Copper produced an increase of NS protease and AP activities in liver homogenates accompanied by a rapid release of latent AP from liver large‐granule fractions. According to these data and to generally accepted criteria for assessment of the integrity of lysosomes, Cu can be regarded as a powerful labilizer of lysosomal membranes. This heavy metal induced such an effect on liver peroxisomes as well, a statement which is based on the enhancement of NS catalase activity. In the kidney, Pb and the Pb + Zn combination were shown to produce a significant lowering of NS catalase activity, indicating a stabilization of peroxisomes.
A Preliminary Comparison of Epidural Lidocaine and Xylazine during Total Intravenous Anaesthesia in Iranian Fat‐tailed Sheep
Authors: Vesal N. , Oloumi M. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of total intravenous anaesthesia using diazepam‐ketamine (D‐K) mixture in combination with epidural lidocaine or xylazine were studied in 17 healthy Iranian fat‐tailed sheep undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery. All sheep were given diazepam (0.4 mg/kg) and ketamine (4 mg/kg) as induction agents. Following endotracheal intubation and administration of oxygen, the animal received lidocaine (2%, 0.2 ml/kg = 4 mg/kg) or xylazine (0.08 mg/kg, diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a volume of 0.2 ml/kg) epidurally. Anaesthesia was maintained for 174.2 ± 7.8 minutes by intermittent injection of D‐K (2.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively). This drug combination provided satisfactory anaesthesia for more than 2.5 hours. The quality of recovery was good. Our results demonstrate that the combination of total intravenous anaesthesia (D‐K) and epidural analgesia (lidocaine or xylazine) provides a suitable technique for hindlimb orthopaedic surgery in sheep. Epidural administration of lidocaine or xylazine provided effective analgesia and significantly decreased the dose of D‐K required to maintain anaesthesia. Further studies would be required to determine details of cardiopulmonary effects of D‐K infusion.
Effect of some Gastrointestinal Hormones on Antral, Small Intestinal and Caecal Myoelectrical Activity in the Conscious Miniature Pig
Authors: Wechsung E. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of IV infusion of gastrin (CCK‐4), cholecystokinin (CCK‐8) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), 20 and 200 ng/kg/ min for 1 h, on gastrointestinal electrical activity and arterial pressure was studied in conscious miniature pigs. During infusion of CCK‐8 a transient hypertension was observed. In the antrum, the 3 peptides provoked an increase in slow wave activity and a decrease in spike activity. In the intestine, CCK‐8 induced an increase in ileal spiking activity, whereas infusion of PP resulted in an increased frequency of long spike bursts in the caecum.
Regional Differences in the Effect of Cholera Toxin and EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliInfection on Electrolyte and Fluid Transport in the Porcine Small Intestine
Authors: Grøndahl M. L. , Thorbøll J. E. , Hansen M. Berner , Skadhauge E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe regional differences in secretory and absorptive responses to cholera toxin (CT) and to infection by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), producing heat‐stable enterotoxins, were studied in the porcine small intestine. Proximal, mid and distal small intestine from newly weaned piglets were used. Na+and Cl−fluxes and electrical parameters in CT‐stimulated and ETEC‐infected intestine were measured by the Ussing chamber technique. In addition, CT‐induced fluid accumulation in ligated loops was measured. CT induced fluid accumulation, which was highest in the proximal segment and decreased in the aboral direction of the small intestine. In addition, CT induced a net Cl−secretion in the proximal and mid segments, while net Na+absorption was reduced only in the proximal segment. The ETEC‐infected intestine showed a net increase in Cl−secretion in the proximal part and abolished the net Na+absorption in the distal segment. These results demonstrate segmental differences in the epithelial transport responses to enterotoxin fromVibrio choleraeand to ETEC infection. This needs to be taken into consideration in relation to oral rehydration studies.
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Diameter, Backfat Thickness, Body Condition Scores and Skinfold Values Related to Metabolic and Endocrine Traits in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Crystalline Fat or Free Fatty Acids
Authors: Bruckmaier R. M. , Gregoretti L. , Jans F. , Faissler D. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn experiment was performed using 18 dairy cows with ≥ 2 lactations from parturition until week 20 of lactation to investigate the effects of feeding rumen‐protected crystalline fat (group A) or free fatty acids (group B) compared with a control group not fed supplemental fat or fatty acids (group C). The feeding effects studied were those on milk yield and composition, body weight (BW), body conditions scores (BCS), skinfold values (a measure of subcutaneous fat tissue thickness), backfat thickness and longissimus dorsi muscle diameter (measured by ultrasound), as well as on blood plasma metabolic and endocrine traits. Fat and fatty‐acid feeding reduced roughage intake. Net energy and protein balances during the first week of lactation were negative. Milk yield was similar in all groups, but concentrations of milk fat were reduced in group B and of milk protein in groups A and B. BW, BCS, skinfold value, backfat thickness and longissimus dorsi muscle diameter similarly decreased in all groups until weeks 8–12. Concentrations of glucose and fructosamine decreased transiently during early lactation, whereas levels of β‐hydroxybutyrate, urea, total protein and albumin increased reversibly and similarly in all groups. Concentrations of creatinine decreased similarly in all groups until week 4 and those of nonesterified fatty acids until week 12. Triglyceride concentrations increased continuously until week 18, whereas concentrations of phospholipid and cholesterol increased until week 10 and then remained elevated. Triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations were hïgher in group B than in groups A and C throughout the experiment. Concentrations of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, thyroxine and 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine started to increase after the first 6–8 weeks of lactation, while those of growth hormone were transiently low in week 16. None of the hormones exhibited group differences. In this study rumenprotected fat or fatty‐acid supplementation failed to improve the energy and protein balances during early lactation and did not affect milk yield, likely due to decreased roughage intake. BCS, skinfold values and backfat ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and of longissimus dorsi muscle diameter indicated mobilization of fat tissue and protein mobilization in early lactation and were mirrored by typical changes of metabolic and endocrine traits.
Histamine Affects Growth of Sheep Ruminal Epithelial Cells Kept in Primary Culture
Authors: Aschenbach J. R. , Fürll B. , Gäbel G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTen, 100 and 1000μM histamine were applied to ruminal epithelial cells in primary culture. Each of these concentrations diminished cell count as well as the protein and DNA contents of cultures by ≈ 20%. On Pappenheim staining, reduced cell count was predominantly attributable to a decrease in relatively chromophobic cells. It is concluded that histamine either induces apoptosis, or increases cell shedding, or interferes with mitosis and cell maturation. Each of these three possibilities implies that histamine may disturb epithelial regeneration after ruminal lactic acidosis.
Flumethasone‐Induced Insulin Resistance In Calves
Authors: Sternbauer K. , Luthman J. , Jacobsson S. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe impact of one single therapeutic dose of flumethasone (0.5 mg/100.gb.w.) on insulin sensitivity was studied in calves. Hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp tests were performed before and after flumethasone treatment. At 24 h after treatment, insulin‐dependent glucose utilization was reduced by 74% (P < 0.005). No significant changes occurred 72 h post‐treatment.