bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underuse of Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Archbold R. Andrew , Ranjadayalan Kulasegarum , Suliman Abdel , Knight Charles J. , Deaner Andrew , Timmis Adam D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThrombolytic therapy reduces mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). The difficulty in accurately diagnosing AMI in patients with LBBB, however, might result in their undertreatment. Among 3,890 patients hospitalized with chest pain, 241 (6.2%) had LBBB at presentation. The only variable independently associated with AMI among patients with LBBB was in‐hospital left ventricular failure (odds ratio [OR]: 4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–9.57, p < 0.0005). Only 16 (29%) of the LBBB patients with AMI received thrombolytic therapy compared with 583 (78%) of the 747 patients with ST‐elevation AMI (p < 0.0005). A further 19 (10%) LBBB patients without AMI also received thrombolysis. Difficulty in making an accurate early diagnosis in patients with LBBB ensures that the majority of those with AMI fail to receive thrombolytic therapy while others without AMI are treated inappropriately. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed for patients with acute coronary syndromes and LBBB. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Management using a Noncontact Mapping Multielectrode Array
Authors: Catanchin Andrei , Liew Reginald , Behr Elijah R , Ward David E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe multielectrode array (MEA) enables noncontact mapping of cardiac arrhythmias; our experience is reviewed and reported.HypothesisThe MEA has a role as first line therapy in multiple arrhythmias.MethodsRetrospective and prospective analysis of all consecutive cases performed using the MEA over a 6 year period.ResultsElectrophysiological study and catheter ablation, 46% under general anaesthesia, using radiofrequency (RF), cryothermal and low energy direct current (DC) was performed in 66 procedures on 31 females and 29 males, average age 50.2 yrs (19.3–81.6); 8 patients underwent multiple procedures. 24 patients (36%) had undergone past ablation for the same arrhythmia. A wide variety of arrhythmias from all chambers were treated, majority right atrial (56%) and right ventricular (29%). Procedural success was complete in 77.4% and partial/indeterminate in 11.3%, highest in right atrial tachycardia, right ventricular outflow tract ectopy and typical atrial flutter (79, 82 and 100%). RF energy was most commonly used (67%) and DC carried 100% success. Ablation was delivered at ‘early activation’ and ‘breakout’ in focal arrhythmias. In re‐entrant circuits linear ablation transecting path of activation extending to regions of functional/anatomic block was performed. Two of 7 complications were attributed to the MEA: groin haematomas. At mean 12.4 mo follow up 56% were arrhythmia free, 15% asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic and 12 patients had new arrhythmias.ConclusionsThe MEA is effective, safe and suitable for first line therapy in multiple cardiac arrhythmias particularly in the right heart. Further study is warranted comparing it to other mapping techniques. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Clinical Significance of Aspirin Resistance in Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Aydinalp Alp , Atar Ilyas , Gulmez Oyku , Atar Asli , Acikel Sadik , Bozbas Huseyin , Ozgul Aliseydi , Ertan Cagatay , Ozin Bulent , Muderrisoglu Haldun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere are conflicting data in the literature about the clinical significance of aspirin resistance.HypothesisWe aimed to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of biochemical aspirin resistance in patients on aspirin therapy who were admitted to the emergency clinic with chest pain. We also aimed to evaluate the relation between acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and aspirin resistance.MethodsA total of 338 patients were included in the study. Platelet reactivity was measured with the PFA‐100 system (Dade Behring Inc, Deerfield, IL). Aspirin resistance determined by the PFA‐100 was defined as a normal collagen and/or epinephrine closure time despite aspirin treatment (<165 s).ResultsPatients were divided into 4 groups: stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina/non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and rule out ACS. Aspirin resistance was found in 81 (24%) patients in all groups. Patients with ACS had significantly more aspirin resistance than patients with rule out ACS or patients with SAP (P < .001). In the SAP group, 31 (19.6%) patients; in the UA/NSTEMI group, 19 (35.8%) patients; in the STEMI group, 14 (50%) patients; and in the rule out ACS group, 17 (17.2%) patients had aspirin resistance (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, cardiac biomarker elevation on admission to emergency department and platelet count appeared as independent factors predictive of aspirin resistance.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that incidence of aspirin resistance was significantly higher in patients who were finally diagnosed as ACS, especially in aspirin‐taking patients admitted to the emergency clinic with STEMI. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TGF‐β1 Expression and Atrial Myocardium Fibrosis Increase in Atrial Fibrillation Secondary to Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Xiao Hua , Lei Han , Qin Shu , Ma Kanghua , Wang Xi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:Atrial fibrosis was considered a structural basis for the development and sustaining of atrial fibrillation (AF). Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) was one of the main factors for accelerating collagen production. The contribution of TGF‐β1 in the pathogenesis of AF needs further investigation.Hypothesis:The altered expression and distribution of TGF‐β1 will be associated with the changes in atrial fibrosis in different types of AF patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Methods:Right atrial specimens obtained from 38 RHD patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery were divided into 3 groups: the sinus rhythm group (n = 8), the paroxysmal AF group (pAF; n = 10), and the chronic AF group (cAF; AF lasting ≥ 6 mo; n = 20). The degree of atrial fibrosis, collagen content, serum levels, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression of TGF‐β1 were detected.Results:The collagen content, serum level, TGF‐β1 mRNA, and protein expression of the atrial tissue increased gradually in sinus rhythm, for both pAF and cAF groups, respectively. A positive correlation between TGF‐β1 and the degree of atrial fibrosis was also demonstrated (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The TGF‐β1 expression in atrial tissue increased gradually in proportion to the degree of atrial fibrosis in AF and was associated with the type of AF, which suggests that TGF‐β1 is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of AF in RHD patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute ST‐elevation Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients: 15 Years of Experience in a Single Center
Authors: Chua Su‐Kiat , Hung Huei‐Fong , Shyu Kou‐Gi , Cheng Jun‐Jack , Chiu Chiung‐Zuan , Chang Che‐Ming , Lin Sheng‐Chang , Liou Jer‐Young , Lo Huey‐Ming , Kuan Peiliang , Lee Shih‐Huang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:There have been few studies done regarding young patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and coronary angiographic features in young patients with STEMI.Methods:We collected data on 849 consecutive patients with STEMI from 1992 to 2006. Baseline clinical characteristics, coronary anatomy, and outcome were compared in young (≤45 yrs) and older patients (>45 yrs).Results:Young patients presented 11.6% of all patients with STEMI. These patients were predominantly male (92.9% vs 80.3%, P < 0.001), more likely to smoke (75.8% vs 47.2%, P < 0.001), obese (48.2% vs 27.9%, P = 0.002), have higher triglyceride levels (176.9 ± 153.8 mg/dL vs 140.7 ± 112.7 mg/dL, P = 0.005), and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (37.1 ± 7.9 mg/dL vs 42.8 ± 14.3 mg/dL, P = 0.005) than older patients. Also, younger patients had a shorter hospital stay (7.1 ± 4.9 d vs 8.5 ± 6.7 d, P = 0.04), less in‐hospital morbidity (29.3% vs 39.7%, P = 0.02), and mortality (3.0% vs 12.3%, P = 0.002). Killip class III or IV could predict in‐hospital morbidity and mortality in young patients. Both groups had similar rates of repeated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 45.5% vs 41.5%, P = 0.23) and reinfarction (6.1% vs 3.2%, P = 0.32). Mortality rate during follow‐up was significantly lower in younger patients (3.0% vs 19.6%, P < 0.001).Conclusion:Cigarette smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia were the most important modifiable risk factors in young patients with STEMI. These patients had a better outcome than older patients without differences in repeated PCI and reinfarction between them. Only Killip class III or IV could predict in‐hospital morbidity and mortality in young patients with STEMI. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Discharged on Clopidogrel and a Proton Pump Inhibitor After Stent Placement for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Evanchan Jason , Donnally Michael R. , Binkley Philip , Mazzaferri Ernest 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study was to determine the readmission rate for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients discharged on clopidogrel and a proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) versus patients discharged on clopidogrel alone after experiencing an AMI and undergoing stent placement. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires metabolism in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system (CYP450), in particular cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19).1 Recent studies have suggested that medications metabolized by CYP450, such as PPIs, influence the effect of clopidogrel on platelet function2,3 with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.4,5 PPIs are often administered with clopidogrel due to the increased bleeding risk of dual antiplatelet therapy, a strategy endorsed by existing consensus guidelines.6Hypothesis:Treatment with a PPI in combination with clopidogrel would increase the risk of readmission for an AMI after stent placement for AMI.Methods:We collected data on all patients discharged on clopidogrel after stent placement for an AMI between January 2003 and January 2008. Patients were followed for 1 year after their index hospitalization for readmission for an AMI. Rates of readmission were determined for those discharged on clopidogrel alone versus those discharged on clopidogrel and a PPI.Results:Patients discharged on clopidogrel and a PPI had higher rates of readmission for AMI within 1 year of stent implantation for AMI.Conclusions:Patients discharged on clopidogrel and a PPI, including esomeprazole and pantoprazole, seem to be at an increased risk of recurrent AMI within 1 year after stent placement for an AMI. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibrinolysis Versus Primary Percutaneous Intervention in ST‐elevation Myocardial Infarction With Long Interhospital Transfer Distances
Authors: Beri Abhimanyu , Printz Mary , Hassan Ansar , Babb Joseph D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:Current guidelines recommend rapid initiation of reperfusion therapy for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with short‐distance transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) preferred over fibrinolysis in non–pPCI‐capable hospitals. Comparative outcomes in patients with longer transfer times are unclear.Hypothesis:We designed this study to assess whether administering fibrinolytics prior to initiating longer‐distance interhospital transfer in patients with STEMI leads to a delay in transfer or worse outcomes compared with transfer for pPCI.Methods:We analyzed 259 STEMI patients transferred to a receiving pPCI‐capable center in eastern North Carolina. The patients were divided into 2 groups, with 43 (16.6%) transferred for pPCI and the remaining 216 (83.4%) transferred following fibrinolysis. The primary endpoint was door‐to‐door time. We also compared stroke, death, significant bleeding, and combined outcomes between the 2 groups.Results:The median door‐to‐door time was similar for pPCI and fibrinolysis patients (135 vs 128 minutes; P = 0.71). Median door‐to‐balloon time among pPCI patients was 182 minutes from the point of arrival at the referral hospital and 49 minutes from arrival at the receiving pPCI center. Median door‐to‐needle time in the fibrinolysis patients was 30 minutes, with rescue PCI eventually performed in 81 (37.5%) patients. In‐hospital mortality was higher in patients with pPCI (9.3%) compared with fibrinolysis patients (1.9%; P = 0.03). Combined incidence of stroke, significant bleeding, and death was 14% in pPCI patients compared with 7% in fibrinolysis patients (P = 0.13).Conclusions:In settings with longer transfer distances, administering fibrinolytics prior to transfer to a pPCI‐capable center did not cause any significant delay in transfer or worse outcomes. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physician Stated Atrial Fibrillation Management in Light of Treatment Guidelines: Data From an International, Observational Prospective Survey
Authors: Kowey Peter R. , Breithardt Günter , Camm John , Crijns Harry , Dorian Paul , Le Heuzey Jean‐Yves , Pedrazzini Laurence , Prystowsky Eric N. , Salette Geneviève , Schwartz Peter J. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Weintraub William 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:The Registry on Cardiac Rhythm Disorders Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation (RecordAF) study is the first worldwide, prospective, survey of real‐life management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in recently diagnosed patients (n = 5604) with a 1‐year follow‐up.Hypothesis:Surveys of AF management have identified a divergence between guidelines and clinical practice, and an overinterpretation of guidelines in low‐risk patients.Methods:Physicians' theoretical approaches to rhythm and rate control were investigated using a pre‐study questionnaire.Results:One cardiologist, from each of the 583 sites in 6 regions, completed a questionnaire on their practice and management of AF patients. In AF patients with structural heart disease (SHD), amiodarone was the most frequent choice of first‐line rhythm control agents in all regions. Amiodarone or sotalol tended to be the preferred second‐line rhythm control agents, 1 exception being Central/South America. β‐Blockers were the first‐line rate control agents for patients with AF and SHD in all regions, and calcium channel blockers and cardiac glycosides were the most common second‐line rate control treatments in all regions, except Asia. In lone AF patients, propafenone (30.6%), flecainide (24.1%), and amiodarone (21.7%) were the most common global choices of first‐line rhythm control, and amiodarone or sotalol were the preferred second‐line rhythm control agents, 1 exception being Central/South America.Conclusions:These results highlight points of divergence from the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/ American Heart Association (AHA)/European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of AF in terms of first‐line drug selection in patients with associated SHD or coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Tungsten Wire in Wire‐Array Z Pinch
Authors: Kim D.‐K. , Chittenden J. P. , Lebedev S. V. , Marocchino A. , Suzuki‐Vidal F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamic behavior of tungsten wire ablating in wire‐array Z pinch discharge on MAGPIE is simulated in a two‐dimensional fine‐grid domain using the GORGON code. A nonideal resistivity model has been implemented in the simulation to obtain plasma transport coefficients in the high density regime along with a screened hydrogenic model to calculate the radiative cooling. Starting from the initial state of warm dense plasma, the evolution of ablated wire is demonstrated to show its explosion and implosion dynamics as a function of discharge time and then the computed profile of electron density is compared with the contour lines reproduced from the measurement by a laser interferometer during the early stage of discharge. The comparison overall shows a fair agreement in terms of the magnitude and the profile shape while some discrepancies can be attributed to the simplified description of the internal wire core physics (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Runaway Electron Measurements in the EAST Tokamak
Authors: Lu H. W. , Hu L. Q. , Lin S. Y. , Wang S. F. , Zhong G. Q. , the HT‐7 team  
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn experimental study of runaway electrons in the EAST tokamak has been performed by a recently developed multi‐channel hard x‐ray diagnostics based on NaI(TL) scintillator detectors. It is found that in the current quench phase, the inductive loop voltage plays an important role in the generation of runaway electrons. And the avalanche mechanism was the main mechanism for runaway electrons after the disruptions. The distribution and transportation of runaway electrons were also investigated by multi‐channel hard x‐ray diagnostics. It is also found that the intensity of runaway electrons emission in the core plasma was much higher than those in the downside of the cross‐section, while the emission intensity of runaway electrons in the core plasma was almost the same. Calculated shrinking coefficient of runaway electrons emission after the plasma disruption was about 26 m/s according to the experimental data (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the Electron‐Beam Self‐Fields on Gain in an Optical Wiggler Pumped Free‐Electron Laser
Authors: Hasanbeigi A. , Mehdian H. , Jafari S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effects of self fields on gain for a free‐electron lasers (FELs) with electromagnetic‐wave wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field is presented. The relativistic equation of motion for a single electron for all relevant fields, including wiggler, self‐fields and axial guide magnetic field has been solved. Two classes of possible single‐particle trajectories in this configuration are found. Result of the numerical calculation shown that the relativistic part of group I (group II) orbits decreases (increases) monotonically with the axial field. The gain equations for the FEL configuration by adding the effect of self‐fields have been derived. The numerical calculation has been employed to analysis the gain induced by the effects of the self‐fields. It is shown that, for group I orbits the gain decreases in the presence of self‐fields and the gain decrement increases with increasing axial guide magnetic field, while for group II orbits the self‐fields enhances the gain. The gain decrement and enhancement are due to diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects of the self‐magnetic field, respectively. The comparison of the gain for electromagnetic‐wave wiggler with the gain in helical wiggler has been done (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical Properties of Model Moderately Coupled Plasmas
Authors: Arkhipov Yu. V. , Askaruly A. , Baimbetov F. B. , Ballester D. , Davletov A. E. , Meirkanova G. M. , Tkachenko I. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe review our approach to the modelling of optical properties of model moderately coupled plasmas. On the basis of the classical theory of moments the external and internal dynamic conductivities and the reflectivity coefficient of a model hydrogen moderately coupled plasma are determined using all known exact relations and sum rules. The sum rules which are the power frequency moments of the loss function are calculated using the Deutsch effective potential and the hypernetted chain equations. MD simulation data are used and numerical simulations are suggested (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression of seven members of the ADAM family in developing chicken spinal cord
Authors: Lin Juntang , Yan Xin , Markus Annett , Redies Christoph , Rolfs Arndt , Luo Jiankai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe expression patterns of seven members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family, including ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM13, ADAM17, ADAM22, and ADAM23, were analyzed in the developing chicken lumbar spinal cord by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results show that each individual ADAM is expressed and regulated spatiotemporally in the lumbar cord and its surrounding tissues. ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM22, and ADAM23 are expressed predominantly by motoneurons in the motor column and by sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, each with a different expression pattern. ADAM12 and ADAM13 are mainly expressed in the meninges around the lumbar cord and in the condensed sheets of chondroblasts around the vertebrae. ADAM17 expression is strong in the ventricular layer and limited to early stages. The differential expression of the ADAMs in the lumbar cord suggests that the ADAMs play a regulatory role in development of the spinal cord. Developmental Dynamics 239:1246–1254, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placodal sensory ganglia coordinate the formation of the cranial visceral motor pathway
Authors: Takano‐Maruyama Masumi , Chen Yiju , Gaufo Gary O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe parasympathetic reflex circuit is controlled by three basic neurons. In the vertebrate head, the sensory, and pre‐ and postganglionic neurons that comprise each circuit have stereotypic positions along the anteroposterior (AP) axis, suggesting that the circuit arises from a common developmental plan. Here, we show that precursors of the VIIth circuit are initially aligned along the AP axis, where the placode‐derived sensory neurons provide a critical “guidepost” through which preganglionic axons and their neural crest‐derived postganglionic targets navigate before reaching their distant target sites. In the absence of the placodal sensory ganglion, preganglionic axons terminate and the neural crest fated for postganglionic neurons undergo apoptosis at the site normally occupied by the placodal sensory ganglion. The stereotypic organization of the parasympathetic cranial sensory–motor circuit thus emerges from the initial alignment of its precursors along the AP axis, with the placodal sensory ganglion coordinating the formation of the motor pathway. Developmental Dynamics 239:1155–1161, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal and spatial patterning of axial myotome fibers in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Krneta‐Stankic Vanja , Sabillo Armbien , Domingo Carmen R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSomites give rise to the vertebral column and segmented musculature of adult vertebrates. The cell movements that position cells within somites along the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes are not well understood. Using a fate mapping approach, we show that at the onset of Xenopus laevis gastrulation, mesoderm cells undergo distinct cell movements to form myotome fibers positioned in discrete locations within somites and along the anteroposterior axis. We show that the distribution of presomitic cells along the anteroposterior axis is influenced by convergent and extension movements of the notochord. Heterochronic and heterotopic transplantations between presomitic gastrula and early tail bud stages show that these cells are interchangeable and can form myotome fibers in locations determined by the host embryo. However, additional transplantation experiments revealed differences in the competency of presomitic cells to form myotome fibers, suggesting that maturation within the tail bud presomitic mesoderm is required for myotome fiber differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 239:1162–1177, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.