bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of subchronic exposure of early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to copper, cadmium, and zinc
Authors: Vardy David W , Tompsett Amber R , Sigurdson Jacinda L , Doering Jon A , Zhang Xiaowei , Giesy John P , Hecker Markus 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Populations of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) are declining in many places in the world because of several potential factors, including overharvesting, habitat alteration, and pollution. In North America, populations of the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) have been experiencing poor annual recruitment in major river systems for more than three decades. Metal pollution has been hypothesized as a potential contributing factor to the poor recruitment in some of the water bodies. In general, little is known about the toxicity of metals such as Cu, Cd, and Zn to white sturgeon and their potential influence on survival of embryos and juveniles. The present study was conducted to establish baseline toxicity data for the subchronic exposure of early life stages of white sturgeon to Cu, Cd, and Zn that can be used in metal-related risk assessments. Embryos, larvae, and fry were exposed to increasing concentrations of dissolved Cu, Cd, or Zn for 66 d using laboratory-based flow-through exposure systems. Hatching success was greater than 79% for all controls, and no significant differences were observed among treatment groups or between treatments and controls. Chronic lethal concentrations at which 20% mortality occurred (LC20s) for Cd (1.5 µg/L), Cu (5.5 µg/L), and Zn (112 µg/L) obtained for white sturgeon in the present study were comparable to those of sensitive salmonid species. Based on LC20 values for 19 or 58 d posthatch white sturgeon, the United States national ambient water quality criteria and the Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life that have been established for Cd, Cu, and Zn protect white sturgeon early life stages. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2497–2505. © 2011 SETAC
Boundary layer flow of a Jeffrey fluid with convective boundary conditions
Authors: Hayat T. , Asad Sadia , Qasim M. , Hendi Awatif A. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe boundary layer stretched flow of a Jeffrey fluid subject to the convective boundary conditions was investigated. The governing dimensionless problems were computed by using the homotopy analysis approach. Convergence of the derived solutions was checked and the influence of embedded parameters was analyzed by plotting graphs. It was noticed that the velocity increases with an increase in the Deborah number. Furthermore, it was found that the temperature is also an increasing function of the Biot number. We further found that for fixed values of other parameters, the local Nusselt number increases by increasing the suction parameter and Deborah number. Numerical values of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt numbers were computed and examined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey‐six constant fluid in a uniform inclined tube
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher , Malik M.Y. , Lee Changhoon 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, we studied the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey‐six constant fluid in a uniform tube. The governing equations of the Jeffrey‐six constant fluid were simplified by using the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number approximation. The simplified form of equations were solved using the perturbation, homotopy analysis and finite difference methods. The comparison of the three solutions are shown graphically. The variation of pressure rise and frictional forces with the different parameters were also examined numerically. Results are presented at the end of the article. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress
Authors: Hawley Darby F. , Leasure J. Leigh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine whether chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) would induce hippocampal neuroplasticity in a region‐specific manner. Recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus has two functionally distinct subsections. The dorsal (septal) portion appears to be primarily associated with spatial navigation, while the ventral (temporal) region has been linked to affect‐related functions, such as anxiety. Chronic stress has previously been shown to negatively affect the hippocampus by decreasing survival of progenitor cells, although it has also been shown to increase adaptive responses, such as increased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ΔFosB. Whether such events occur in a region‐specific manner has not been investigated. We hypothesized that CUS would selectively impact cell survival, NPY, and ΔFosB expression in the more affect‐related ventral subregion. Individually housed Long‐Evans rats (n = 31) were divided into two groups: stressed and control. Stressed animals were exposed daily to an unpredictable schedule of ethologically relevant stressors, such as predator odors, forced swim, and open field exposure. All rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily during the first 5 days of CUS in order to label dividing progenitor cells. Unbiased stereology was used to quantify BrdU+, NPY+, and ΔFosB+ cells in dorsal and ventral hippocampal subregions. In support of our hypothesis, we found that CUS selectively decreased cell survival in the ventral subregion. However, both NPY and ΔFosB were significantly increased only in the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that stress‐induced adaptive neuroplasticity occurs primarily in the dorsal subregion, which may coincide with behavioral aspects of the stress response, such as avoidance or amelioration of the stressor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulations on heat conduction in nano‐porous Si
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Miyazaki Koji , Tsukamoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe investigated heat conduction in a nano‐porous silicon by molecular‐dynamics simulations (MDs). We calculated the phonon dispersion curves of the nano‐structured Si to understand the effects of nano‐structures on phonon properties, such as phonon group velocity and phonon density of states. The dispersion curves were calculated from MD's results by using the 2D time–space Fourier transformation. Frequency gaps in phonon dispersion curves reduce the phonon group velocity in the periodic nano‐porous structures. Moreover the group velocity of phonon was reduced due to new phonon modes even though the nano‐porous was random. The results showed that nano‐porous structures reduce the thermal conductivity as well as super lattices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20370
Energy supply performance and environmental load‐reduction effect of a cogeneration system for an apartment building using distributed heat storage technology
Authors: Yamaguchi Hideki , Morita Hikaru , Asano Hitoshi , Hisazumi Yoshinori 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn order to make distributed generation systems for apartment buildings economically viable, it is essential to develop an efficient and low‐cost heat supply system. We are developing a new cogeneration system (Neighboring CoGeneration system: NCG system). The key concept of this system is to install a heat storage unit for the hot water supply, floor heating, and bath heating in each house, and to connect the heat storage units by a single‐loop hot water pipe. The system leads to time leveling of the total heat supply and reduced installation costs. Furthermore, it is expected that the cogeneration can operate according to electrical demand because of the large heat storage capacity of the system. In this study, a dynamic simulation model is developed to evaluate the performance and environmental load‐reduction effect of the NCG system for 50 households. The results show that the NCG system can supply sufficient heat for peak demand in winter and reduce annual CO2 emissions by 23% on average. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 745–757, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20376
UDCA slows down intestinal cell proliferation by inducing high and sustained ERK phosphorylation
Authors: Krishna‐Subramanian S. , Hanski M.L. , Loddenkemper C. , Choudhary B. , Pagès G. , Zeitz M. , Hanski C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) attenuates colon carcinogenesis in humans and in animal models by an unknown mechanism. We investigated UDCA effects on normal intestinal epithelium in vivo and in vitro to identify the potential chemopreventive mechanism. Feeding of mice with 0.4% UDCA reduced cell proliferation to 50% and suppressed several potential proproliferatory genes including insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs‐1). A similar transcriptional response was observed in the rat intestinal cell line IEC‐6 which was then used as an in vitro model. UDCA slowed down the proliferation of IEC‐6 cells and induced sustained hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 kinases which completely inhibited the proproliferatory effects of EGF and IGF‐1. The hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 led to a transcriptional suppression of the Irs‐1 gene. Both, the hyperphosphorylation of ERK as well as the suppression of Irs‐1 were sufficient to inhibit proliferation of IEC‐6 cells. ERK1/ERK2 inhibition in vitro or ERK1 elimination in vitro or in vivo abrogated the antiproliferatory effects of UDCA. We show that UDCA inhibits proliferation of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cells by inducing a sustained hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 kinase which slows down the cell cycle and reduces expression of Irs‐1 protein. These data extend our understanding of the physiological and potentially chemopreventive effects of UDCA and identify new targets for chemoprevention.
Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults
Authors: Borena Wegene , Strohmaier Susanne , Lukanova Annekatrin , Bjørge Tone , Lindkvist Björn , Hallmans Goran , Edlinger Michael , Stocks Tanja , Nagel Gabriele , Manjer Jonas , Engeland Anders , Selmer Randi , Häggström Christel , Tretli Steinar , Concin Hans , Jonsson Håkan , Stattin Pär , Ulmer Hanno 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInitial studies have indicated diabetes and obesity to be risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma; but the association between other metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been investigated. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me‐Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria and Sweden with data on 578,700 subjects. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of PLC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as continuous standardized variables (z‐score with mean = 0 and standard deviation (SD) = 1) and their standardized sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z‐score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During an average follow‐up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 266 PLCs were diagnosed among cohort members. RR of liver cancer per unit increment of z‐score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI and stratified by birth year, sex and sub‐cohorts, was for BMI 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.58), mid blood pressure 2.08 (0.95–4.73), blood glucose 2.13 (1.55–2.94) cholesterol 0.62 (0.51–0.76) and serum triglycerides 0.85 (0.65–1.10). The RR per one unit increment of the MetS z‐score was 1.35 (1.12–1.61). BMI, glucose and a composite MetS score were positively and cholesterol negatively associated with risk of liver cancer.
Characterization of a new trabectedin‐resistant myxoid liposarcoma cell line that shows collateral sensitivity to methylating agents
Authors: Uboldi S. , Bernasconi S. , Romano M. , Marchini S. , Fuso Nerini I. , Damia G. , Ganzinelli M. , Marangon E. , Sala F. , Clivio L. , Chiorino G. , Giandomenico S. Di , Rocchi M. , Capozzi O. , Margison G.P. , Watson A.J. , Caccuri A.M. , Pastore A. , Fossati A. , Mantovani R. , Grosso F. , Tercero J.C. , Erba E. , D'Incalci M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMyxoid Liposarcomas (MLS), characterized by the expression of FUS‐CHOP fusion gene are clinically very sensitive to the DNA binding antitumor agent, trabectedin. However, resistance eventually occurs, preventing disease eradication. To investigate the mechanisms of resistance, a trabectedin resistant cell line, 402‐91/ET, was developed. The resistance to trabectedin was not related to the expression of MDR related proteins, uptake/efflux of trabectedin or GSH levels that were similar in parental and resistant cells. The 402‐91/ET cells were hypersensitive to UV light because of a nucleotide excision repair defect: XPG complementation decreased sensitivity to UV rays, but only partially to trabectedin. 402‐91/ET cells showed collateral sensitivity to temozolomide due to the lack of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, related to the hypermethylation of MGMT promoter. In 402‐91 cells chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that FUS‐CHOP was bound to the PTX3 and FN1 gene promoters, as previously described, and trabectedin caused FUS‐CHOP detachment from DNA. Here we report that, in contrast, in 402‐91/ET cells, FUS‐CHOP was not bound to these promoters. Differences in the modulation of transcription of genes involved in different pathways including signal transduction, apoptosis and stress response between the two cell lines were found. Trabectedin activates the transcription of genes involved in the adipogenic‐program such as c/EBPα and β, in 402‐91 but not in 402‐91/ET cell lines. The collateral sensitivity of 402‐91/ET to temozolomide provides the rationale to investigate the potential use of methylating agents in MLS patients resistant to trabectedin.
Raman microspectroscopy of melanosomes: the effect of long term light irradiation
Authors: Saha Anushree , Arora Rajan , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Burke Janice M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMelanosomes are long lived organelles in retinal pigment epithelium cells and are primarily responsible for photoprotection. However, with aging or prolong light radiation, the function of melanosomes diminishes, which may be due to photobleaching of melanin pigments present in melanosomes. In this study, melanosomes were isolated from the retinal pigment epithelium cells and exposed to green light (532 nm), and the chemical changes were monitored using Raman microspectroscopy. Photochemical changes were recorded for different power levels and exposure times. The threshold power and the rate for irreversible photobleaching of melanosomes were calculated by fitting the experimental data with a proposed model. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BDD anodic oxidation as tertiary wastewater treatment for the removal of emerging micro‐pollutants, pathogens and organic matter
Authors: Frontistis Zacharias , Brebou Christina , Venieri Danae , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Katsaounis Alexandros 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work reports for the first time the removal of 17α‐ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen hormone, from secondary treated effluents by electrochemical oxidation. Experiments were conducted in a single compartment reactor comprising a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode and a zirconium cathode. EE2, in the range 100–800 µg L−1, was spiked in the post‐chlorination effluent of a municipal treatment plant and oxidized at 0.9–2.6 mA cm−2 current density. Complete degradation of 100 µg L−1 EE2 was achieved in 7 min at 2.1 mA cm−2 and inherent conditions, while the addition of 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl achieved removal in just a few seconds. The process was then tested in the pre‐chlorination effluent at 2.1 mA cm−2 and inherent conditions; complete E. coli killing and EE2 removal occurred in just 1.5 and 3.5 min, respectively, while overall estrogenicity (assessed by the YES assay) and residual organic matter (in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD)) decreased by 50% and 85% after 30 min, respectively. These results clearly show the potential of BBD electrochemical oxidation to serve as an efficient tertiary wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Identifying cognitive preferences for attractive female faces: An event‐related potential experiment using a study‐test paradigm
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kong Fanchang , Chen Hong , Jackson Todd , Han Li , Meng Jing , Yang Zhou , Gao Jianguo , Najam ul Hasan Abbasi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this experiment, sensitivity to female facial attractiveness was examined by comparing event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to attractive and unattractive female faces within a study‐test paradigm. Fourteen heterosexual participants (age range 18–24 years, mean age 21.67 years) were required to judge 84 attractive and 84 unattractive face images as either “attractive” or “unattractive.” They were then asked whether they had previously viewed each face in a recognition task in which 50% of the images were novel. Analyses indicated that attractive faces elicited more enhanced ERP amplitudes than did unattractive faces in judgment (N300 and P350–550 msec) and recognition (P160 and N250–400 msec and P400–700 msec) tasks on anterior locations. Moreover, longer reaction times and higher accuracy rate were observed in identifying attractive faces than unattractive faces. In sum, this research identified neural and behavioral bases related to cognitive preferences for judging and recognizing attractive female faces. Explanations for the results are that attractive female faces arouse more intense positive emotions in participants than do unattractive faces, and they also represent reproductive fitness and mating value from the evolutionary perspective. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Architecture of the hypothalamo–posthypophyseal complex is controlled by monoamines
Authors: Vacher Claire‐Marie , Grange‐Messent Valérie , St.‐Louis Ronald , Raison Danièle , Lacorte Jean‐Marc , Hardin‐Pouzet Hélène 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe hypothalamo–neurohypophyseal system displays significant plasticity when subjected to physiological stimuli, such as dehydration, parturition, or lactation. This plasticity arises at the neurochemical and electrophysiological levels but also at a structural level. Several studies have demonstrated the role of monoaminergic afferents in controlling neurochemical and electrophysiological plasticity of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and of the neurohypophysis (NH), but little is known about how the changes in structural plasticity are triggered. We used Tg8 mice, disrupted for the monoamine oxidase A gene, to study monamine involvement in the architecture of the SON and of the NH. SON astrocytes in Tg8 mice displayed an active status, characterized by an increase in S100β expression and a significant decrease in vimentin expression, with no modification in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Astrocytes showed a decrease in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) levels, whereas glutamine synthetase (GS) levels remained constant, suggesting a reduction in astrocyte glutamate catabolism. Tenascin C and polysialic acid‐neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) expressions were also elevated in the SON of Tg8 mice, suggesting an increased capacity for structural remodelling in the SON. In the NH, similar date were obtained with a stability in GFAP expression and an increase in PSA‐NCAM immunostaining. These results establish monoamine (serotonin and noradrenaline) involvement in SON and NH structural arrangement. Monoamines therefore appear to be crucial for the coordination of the neurochemical and structural aspects of neuroendocrine plasticity, allowing the hypothalamo–neurohypopyseal system to respond appropriately when stimulated. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The detailed palaeoecology of a mid‐Wisconsinan interstadial (ca. 32 00014C a BP) vegetation surface from interior Alaska
Authors: Wooller Matthew J. , Zazula Grant D. , Blinnikov Misha. , Gaglioti Benjamin. V. , Bigelow Nancy. H. , Sanborn Paul. , Kuzmina Svetlana. , La Farge Catherine. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a multi‐proxy reconstruction from a well‐preserved vegetation surface (ca. 32 00014C a BP) from the Fox Permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. A thick litter layer of plant material on the vegetation surface is consistent with the vegetation lacking evidence of disturbance. Plant macrofossils and graminoid cuticle analysis show the presence of a graminoid assemblage consistent with phytolith data. The pollen data indicate that trees were not local to the site and thatArtemisiasp. was present in the region. The insect and bryophyte reconstructions are consistent with the vascular plant reconstruction, indicating the site was at least periodically wet. δ13C values from the graminoids present show a large range encompassing both the wet and dry range displayed by modern graminoids in Alaska. Sequential δ13C analyses conducted along the length of leaves attached to the vegetation surface indicate a seasonal shift towards relatively higher water use efficiency. The lower water use efficiency earlier in the growing season may have stemmed from the use of winter season meltwater by plants at the site – a scenario consistent with the site's cryostratigraphy. Our multi‐proxy reconstruction contributes to the limited palaeoecological data available for graminoid‐dominated vegetation present in Eastern Beringia and particularly the interior of Alaska during the mid‐Wisconsinan interstadial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene survival of the wild horse in Europe: a matter of open landscape?
Authors: Sommer Robert S. , Benecke Norbert , Lõugas Lembi , Nelle Oliver , Schmölcke Ulrich 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe wild horse Equus ferus was one of the most frequent species of the Late Pleistocene large ungulate fauna in Eurasia and played an important role in the subsistence of human groups, especially at the end the Late Glacial. It is frequently assumed that E. ferus became extinct in Europe at the beginning of the Holocene because of the development of woodlands and loss of open habitats. Because of its preference for open habitats and in spite of its adaptability, the appearance or disappearance of the wild horse could therefore be a suitable palaeoecological indicator for the opening of the Holocene primeval woodlands. We revised the dating and reliability of the subfossil record and dated several bones by atomic mass spectrometry 14C dating. From the beginning of the Holocene (9600 cal a BC) to the end of the Atlantic Period (3750 cal a BC) there are 207 archaeological sites with wild horse records available in Europe. E. ferus survived the Pleistocene Holocene transition in Europe, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of populations fluctuated remarkably in the early and middle Holocene. Small and sparse populations increasingly became extinct during the early Holocene, until between 7100 and 5500 cal a BC the wild horse was almost absent in central parts of the European Lowlands. Particular conditions in natural open patches in the canopy forests, chalklands and floodplains may have maintained the local survival of the horse in some regions of the Lowlands, however. In the Late Atlantic, between 5500 and 3750 cal a BC the range of the wild horse was again extended. It re‐immigrated into central and western Europe, probably as a consequence of increasing landscape opening by Neolithic peoples. The data presented here may be a valuable part of the debate on the degree of openness of the early and middle Holocene landscape. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.