bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating Environmental Performance: Engaging Internal and External Stakeholder Using a Case Study Approach
Authors: Sealy Ian , Stott Mary Louise 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Environmental management practice over the past 30 years has generally used systems based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) quality management approach. Internal stakeholders have been engaged in the process through targets or objectives often applied in a top-down manner through the organization.
While this approach continues to be practiced, it has important limitations. First, recognition of local initiatives and achievements can be difficult, especially in large or geographically dispersed organizations. Second, external stakeholders may not accept reaching organizational objectives as an indication of environmental achievement, or best practice. Third, internal stakeholders may not always be sufficiently motivated by a management-by-objectives approach.
This paper describes a program developed to overcome these limitations and examines the importance of communications to further drive environmental performance improvements within an oilfield services company.
Initially sourcing material from established health, safety and environment (HSE) recognition programs and from management recommendations, an environmental case study project was launched. Each case study describes a unique example of an environmental practice that reflects the realities of environmental performance improvements and offers a structured way of thinking about both direct and indirect improvements—challenge, solution/process, results. Topics include resource efficiency, waste reduction, recycling and local compliance programs, among others and increasingly individuals are named to highlight the important role everyone can play.
In order to reach the broadest possible audiences who wish to know about these practices, a wide range of communication channels have been used including internal websites and direct presentations to selected audiences. Case studies are intended for an audience comprising both internal and key external stakeholders.
Two years into the program, as awareness increased, environmental case study contributions have increased from locations worldwide. This has incentivized improved environmental performance by sharing knowledge and indicating direction as well as recognizing individuals and teams. Further, the case study library has shown that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts and that the improvement journey is made up of many small steps.
Preventive Observations Tool: Case Study
Authors: Feijó S. V. , dos S. Carvalho P. R. , de A. Rocha G. F. , Lima G. B. , de Souza J. C. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
Due to the considerable time lost, resources and investments and negative environmental and health impacts, oil companies have developed techniques and methodologies for accidents prevention and analysis caused by unsafe behaviors in the work environments. The companies therefore are connecting its Integrated Management Systems to the Safety process focusing on the human behavior with the main objective of defining procedures to avoid accidents occurrence. The evaluated Company is implementing the Integrated Management System of its activities, based on the accidents prevention concept with focus on the human behavior. Following this direction this work presents an analysis of one of the evaluated Company corporate tools, adopted for the accidents prevention work and details its concepts and objectives. This tool has the main objective of making the workers understand the reason why they developed the unsafe behavior and allows that the professional reaches, together with the observer, the conclusion of which would be the safest way to perform the task, preserving his integrity and the others one’.
Breaking Oil/Water Emulsions to Lower Chemical Oxygen Demand in Washrack Wastewater - A Treatability Study
Authors: Swindle Jay , Wang Shen , Kuznik Leon 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A treatability study was conducted at an oilfield service facility where wastewater from wash bays is highly-emulsified as a result of pressure washing. The objective was to determine the best on-site treatment strategy to break the oil/water emulsion and reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) to meet the surface water discharge limit at an area where discharging to the publicly owned treatment works (POTW) is not feasible. The study began with bench-scale testing and was followed by field pilot-scale testing. The study evaluated several treatment methods, including physical and chemical precipitation, adsorption by granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon, biological degradation, electrocoagulation, flocculation by blended clay/polymer products, and chemical oxidations. No single method was found to be effective. The testing also revealed that multi-stage treatments may not be effective if the operational sequence is not proper. However, a feasible and cost-effective solution was discovered by selecting proper technologies in optimum sequence.
The study found that using a biological treatment followed by flocculation with blended clay/polymer products can reduce the emulsified and soluble-phase COD from 2,800 mg/l to less than 100 mg/l. The study included details about the selection of microorganisms and blended clay/polymer products, application rates, retention times, and operational techniques, as well as the handling of waste sludge that results from the process. This optimum combination and sequence also resulted in the least amount of solid waste; and the waste characterization testing demonstrated that the generated sludge is nonhazardous. Other method combinations and operational sequences did not reveal the same level of success or would result in a higher operation and maintenance cost.
The construction of a self-sufficient wastewater treatment system is essential at many oilfield maintenance facilities at remote locations where the POTW are not readily available or are not capable of receiving high COD wastewater. The findings of this study provide a feasible and cost-effective strategy at these facilities where complex wastewater is generated from vehicle and equipment washing, tank cleaning, bilge water, deck cleaning, mop water, and floor drains. The data serve as a design basis of full- scale, on-site systems with effluent directly for surface water discharge or recycle.
HSE Minimum Design Requirements in Oil and Gas Upstream: One Company's Experience
Authors: Scataglini Luciano , Carnevale Paolo , Morganti Matteo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To date, Oil&Gas upstream industry has made a wide use of international standards, procedures and best industry practices during the design phase or in case of plant modifications, in order to define proper application of risk assessment methodologies and ensure that all mandatory aspects of health, safety, environment and public safety are fully considered. This framework of "golden rules" shall be regularly updated to reflect the technological progress and the growing expectations from all the Company stakeholders. Eni E&P Division has performed an internal review to establish a standard containing a set of minimum HSE design requirements, aimed at ensuring an equal level of safety for all new installations worldwide, and thus preventing to rely on Risk Analysis as a design tool. With this set of requirements a deviation from best practices, rather than an exception, becomes a "rule", dictated by context and economical constraints. This claims for a need to ensure that all deviations are formally approved, at the right level, before implementation. After the selection of the Design Case Scenario for each project, the standard foresees the identification of Safety Critical Elements (SCEs) as a project requirement. Hazard identification and risk analysis process, as well other tools (HAZID, Risk Register and Asset Register), form the input to the SCEs identification process. The Deviation from a Standard Process is analysed in a structured framework, and is based upon design or modification features. As a first step of the Management of Deviations process, each installation shall be classified, according to its specific Context/Environment and Process Technology applied; in a second step, specific deviations to a Standard Process will be assessed with respect to each specific Design and Context features, according to hierarchical approaches at different level of responsibility (good industry practice, engineering judgment, QRA/CBA, Company values, societal values).
Achieving HSE Targets Under Diverse Workforce
Authors: Al-Kandari Hamad , Garlapati Ashok 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Kuwait Oil Company is the premier oil & gas Company in the Gulf region involved in exploration and production of oil & gas reserves. The Company established 2030 vision to increase the production capacity by two folds. The also established an intergrated health, safety and environmental management system (HSMES) to achieve 2030 targets in a sustainable manner. The company faces many challenges in implementation of HSEMS. One of the main challenge is the diverse workforce. The company engages number of contractors, who in turn employees Workforce from more than 65 countries around the World. The workforce are highly diverse in nature and comes with different background, different languages, different skill set and it is altogether big challenge for the Company to achieve HSE (Health Safety & Environment) targets. The company adopts variety of methods in implementing the HSE Management by involving this diverse workforce. The speaker is involved in this process and played a key role. The presentation will share Company experience in achieving HSE targets under diverseworkforce. This is part of the best practices sharing among the global HSE community.
A Risk Assessment Tool to Avoid Musculo-Skeletal Disorders Related to Manual Work
Authors: Torsteinsen R. , Ringstad A. J. , Håberg S. G. , Hjertaker G. O. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD) are major contributors to sick leaves and disability pensioning among Norway's petroleum workers.
The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway requires the industry to carry out health risk assessments of the working environment.
The aim for our company is to have no work related illnesses and injuries.
This study was conducted to identify, evaluate and manage ergonomic risk factors in manual work tasks.
A risk assessment tool for ergonomic factors in manual work tasks has been developed. The tool, ErgoRisk, consists of a five-section questionnaire. Section one comprises the professional's assessment based on observations of the selected work taskThe worker gives his view on defined questionsMitigating measures are discussedThe professional calculates the risk levelsConclusion and suggestion of risk reducing measures
It is recommended to do a second risk assessment of the work task after actions have been implemented. This is to see if and how the risk level has been reduced.
ErgoRisk can be used in connection with general risk assessments, in the follow-up of work related musculo-skeletal disorders, and in the assessment of specific work tasks.
Experience shows that the tool is easy and practical in use. There is a good match between the professional's and the worker's assessments, and the results are useful in communicating and discussing risk. Ergonomists are the main users of the tool, but a training program is now carried out to teach offshore nurses how to use the tool.
Risk assessments of ergonomic factors are important contributions to a health bringing working environment. Risk factors are identified, analysed and evaluated, and improvement efforts are discussed, implemented and verified.
Experience in the Application of an Occupational Health Program for Company Employees
Authors: Jimenez Nydia , Martins Joyce 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Because employees are the primary resource of any company, employee health should be a major organizational concern. To address this concern, our company has assembled a medical team whose members represent each country in Latin America. This action has enabled us to develop an occupational health program to help meet the needs of our operations and to take care of the health of our employees. This program strives to enable good health and health maintenance for our employees, which can improve our employees' quality of life.
All employees in Latin America are included in this program; their inclusion actually begins when they apply for any position within the company. As applicants, they receive an occupational medical evaluation, which enables us to determine their current health conditions and to help ensure that the job responsibilities do not represent a greater health risk. In addition to the pre- employment evaluation, our programs also include periodical (annual) evaluations and termination exams.
This paper describes the experience of our company in the implementation of an occupational health program that is aligned with the needs of each country. It primarily focuses on addressing the risks present in our operations that might represent a direct harm to employees' health. Over time, it has resulted in a healthier workforce population with a lower rate of absenteeism for health-related issues. Taking care of the health of all company employees has become a basic principle of prevention that underlies all of our health programs.
Adaptation in the Oil and Gas Industry to Projected Impacts of Climate Change
Authors: Dell J. J. , Pasteris P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes an adaptation assessment of the global oil and gas value chain that will enable companies to plan for the projected impacts of climate change and build resiliency into their long-term business models. An adaptation assessment for a project development in the Alaskan Arctic, an area of high projected impacts, is presented to demonstrate a specific application of the adaptation assessment approach.
Climate change impacts are predicted to vary from region to region. Specific actions by business to adapt to climate change will vary depending on their value chain and the unique circumstances of the locations of their operations. Business adaptation planning is a process which can help to increase a company's ability to cope with an uncertain future and satisfy stakeholder interest.
The adaptation assessment methodology and case example presented will aid companies in the oil and gas sector as they begin to effectively plan for adaptation to climate change impacts in their global operations. By using the opportunities and risks presented for the global oil and gas value chain (Step 1) combined with climate model projections for specific locations (Step 2), companies can consistently and effectively identify risks and opportunities (Step 3), identify and assess solutions (Step 4) and implement solutions where there is sufficient business case to do so (Step 5).
Synergy Of HSE & Security: Antidote For Management Systems Conflict
Authors: Ijenyo Jude O. , Josiah Princewill N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Health, Safety and Environmental awareness, practices and delivery in the Oil & Gas industry in Nigeria is gradually taking a downward trend. This in part is attributed to the fact that management of these companies no longer give adequate attention to Health, Safety and Environmental concerns, rather, many of them have adopted Security as their first basic priority and thus neglecting Health, Safety and Environment which hitherto has been a core business practice. The Oil & Gas industry in Nigeria is tasked with incessant security breaches as a result of its localization. This has necessitated some of the operating companies to focus more attention on the management of Security related matters. The issue has become a common trend and which must be checked in order to maintain good standards of Health, Safety and Environment in the industry. The clear violation of some HSE rules, procedures and standards to compensate for security considerations is a dangerous twirl of events which many of these companies contend with and because of the sentiments attached to Security, these Health, Safety and Environmental violations are not considered or evaluated. There is an urgent need for a synergy of HSE and Security in order to achieve a common goal. This paper is not intended to discuss the security plans or procedures put in place by the operating companies, but to highlight the challenges posed by the resulting violations with respect to HSE delivery and as well propose a way forward.
Ecosystem-based Management Plan for the Norwegian Sea, The Norwegian approach in balancing industrial developments and marine resources protection
Authors: Nesse Steinar , Veie-Rosvoll Brit , Østby Cecilie 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Norwegian Government in early 2007 initiated a process of Integrated and Ecosystem-based Management of the marine environment of the Norwegian Sea. A two year period of assessment work, including public consultation, was finalised with the release of a governmental white paper May 2009. Based on the scientific assessment the Government gave notice of relevant measures and requirements to prevent and/or reduce the magnitude of negative impacts of human activities in the area at the same time encouraging continued industrial developments. This paper addresses the scientific working process including the effort made to collect and present data, select representative ecosystem indicators, assess impacts on these from the various activities and the approach applied to assess cumulative effects. The paper further focuses on the petroleum sector part of this prosess, and results on relevant aspects to the offshore petroleum industry as well as potential conflict areas and the political solutions with regard to other human activities and the marine ecosystem components.
Offshore Drill Cuttings Treatment Technology Evaluation
Authors: Charles M. , Sayle S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In Atlantic Canada, the target limit for discharge of synthetic based muds (SBM's) on cuttings is 6.9% synthetic on cuttings (%SOC). Controlling SOC is achieved by a combination of methods ranging from re-injection, on-platform treatment systems, or ship-to-shore systems. This study examined the effectiveness of drill mud cuttings treatment systems on off-shore platforms, and summarizes the results of various environmental effects monitoring studies between the period 2002 to 2008. The study concluded that technologies available for the treatment of drill cuttings has remained essentially unchanged since 2002, with the exception of advances in cuttings dryers and thermal desorption technologies. Performance of offshore treatment systems for SBM drill cuttings from 2002 to 2007 rarely achieved the 6.9% SOC concentration on a "per well" basis, based on the information reviewed. These results are consistent with the USEPA findings in 2000 that also reviewed data from Canada. In addition to review of technology effectiveness, the study also reviewed the outcomes of various environmental effects monitoring programs since 2002. The environmental effects on benthic communities from SBM drill cuttings discharge appear to be generally limited to within 500 meters of the discharge point for exploration drilling. Where SBMs were used, studies typically indicate that benthic recovery commences within several years after drilling.
Regulated Self-Regulation or External Control? A Study of the Effects of Different Legislative Approaches in the Petroleum Sector in Norway and Brazil.
Authors: Hellebust Celma Regina , Braut Geir Sverre 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This is a study of the regulatory regimes related to health and safety in the offshore petroleum sector in Norway and Brazil. A comparison between these two countries is of particular interest because both countries belong to the same legal tradition emphasizing statutory, written law. This separates them somewhat from the Anglo-American perspective relying heavily upon the common law principle. Even though Norway and Brazil show principal similarities they have chosen quite different strategies related to regulation of occupational health and safety in the petroleum sector.
The study is based upon an analysis of relevant regulatory texts. The document analysis was followed by interviews with key representatives in the petroleum sector in the two countries.
The findings show that the Norwegian regulatory regime has a holistic approach. The authorities focus upon general principles more than detailed prescriptions. The supervisory activities concentrate upon the companies' systematic governance aiming to fulfill regulatory requirements. The Norwegian regime also is closely connected with the societal expectations put upon the actors in the petroleum sector. A high level of engagement and mutual contact is expected from the industry as well as from the employees and the authorities.
The Brazilian regulatory regime is more particulate with quite a huge set of detailed prescriptions. In general these requirements are quite clear. The industry knows the expectations. The legislation is easy to follow up both from the enterprises and through controls by the authorities. Though closely connected to the superior national legislation, it is not a highly integrated part of the industrial culture.
If we shall believe in research claiming that prevention of work related illness and avoidance of accidents are results of cultural and organisational processes, then the Norwegian legislation seems to be the most effective as it relies upon the willingness for the actors to work closely together to shape such cultures. If there are greater tensions and conflicts in the industry or in the surrounding society, the Brazilian model may show to give better control with defined risk factors.
The study is a part of a master thesis at the University of Stavanger. This paper is written with support from the project "Robust Regulation in the Norwegian petroleum industry", funded by The Research Council of Norway.
Case study: Integration of Corporate Social Responsibility into a 150 Years Brown Field in Romania - East Europe
Authors: Roncea Cristina , Peball Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper will describe ways to change the understanding and approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility in a National Oil Company from dependency/reactive towards strategic stakeholder engagement.
The key tools and techniques applied for this change will be shown and examples of general use for application in mid size companies given.
The paper will present: examples, the size order and the outline of the material/feedback of key Line Managers, templates/ tools for measuring performance and also the way to work on a performance driven change, examples of projects, ongoing stakeholder engagement and impact on the business.
The paper will describe how this has been achieved:
Keeping focused on best practice in industry and building a CSR strategic approach
Developing Management Systems
Conflict / Claims Management
Internal/ external Capacity Building
Stakeholders Engagement and Partnerships
Keeping the good relationships with local communities and building, in time, a new understanding of social projects, of local development, of local partnerships.
Quick fixes
Continuous emergency help between neighbors
Sustainable social projects implementation
Education
Capacity building
Based on a 150 years oil history, 50 of them in a communist government, Company's relationship with the local communities were started with building the local infrastructure (roads, electrical, water, health, educational) and, during operations development, changing the structure of the local work force, the local networking and creation of dependence on oil industry.
After privatization of the Company the understanding of the new management related to community relationships was based on the best industry practice: CSR and stakeholders engagement.
The most challenging task in integration this approach was to start to change the culture of the company and community, having as starting point their common history.