bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term performance of ceramic in/-onlays vs. cast gold partial crowns – a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Krug Ralf , Droste Lea , Schreiber Carolina , Reichardt Elisabeth , Krastl Gabriel , Hahn Britta , Soliman Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the long-term clinical performance of ceramic in-/onlays (CIOs) and cast gold partial crowns (CGPCs) in posterior teeth in terms of success, survival, complications (biological, technical) and quality.

Material and methods
In a retrospective study, a total of 325 patients were recorded after up to 24.8 years (mean 13.9 ± 3.8 years) having (pre-)molars restored with CIO (Empress I, Ivoclar Vivadent, n = 161) and CGPC (Degunorm, DeguDent, n = 164) by supervised undergraduate students. A total of 296 restorations were assessed clinically and radiologically in healthy and endodontically treated teeth using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Cumulative success and survival rates of the restorations were calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Biological and technical complications were recorded. Status of oral health comprising caries risk and localized periodontitis were assessed.

Results
The cumulative success rates of CIOs were 92.1% and of CGPCs 84.2% after mean service times of 14.5 years. The annual failure rates of total service times were 0.5% in teeth restored with CIO (n = 155) and 0.7% in teeth restored with CGPC (n = 163). The cumulative survival rates of CIOs were 93.9% after a mean service time of 15.2 years and decreased to 91.7% after 23.5 years. The cumulative survival rates of CGPCs were 92.6% after a mean service time of 14.9 years and 91.8% after 23.5 years. Complications in CIOs (n = 149) were ceramic fracture (6.7%), secondary caries (4.7%), endodontic complication (2.7%) and tooth fracture (1.3%) compared to CGPCs (n = 147) with endodontic complication (8.8%), secondary caries (4.8%) and decementation (2.0%). Endodontically treated teeth restored with CIO or CGPC revealed significantly less often success compared with corresponding vital teeth (p = .02). CIOs and CGPCs revealed clinically and radiographically good and excellent qualities with 71.8% (107/149) and 68% (100/147) without any significant differences regarding type of restoration.

Conclusions
Both CIOs and CGPCs achieved high survival rates up to 24.8 years when performed by supervised undergraduate students. The longevity of the restorations may benefit from the intraoral repair of accessible defects and, in case of pulp infection or necrosis, an adequate endodontic management.

Clinical relevance
CIOs and CGPCs made by supervised undergraduate students are proper restoration types in posterior teeth in the long-term. An adequate preparation design, meticulous care in the inserting technique and constant biofilm removal due to proper oral hygiene combined with professional maintenance care are substantial. The clinical long-term performance was mostly limited by ceramic fractures in CIOs and endodontic complications in CGPCs.
Learning Analytics in Serious Games as Predictors of Linguistic Competence in Students at Risk
Authors: Sánchez Castro Susana , Pascual Sevillano Mª Ángeles , Fombona Cadavieco Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe planned systematized design of the use of serious games in the classroom is presented as a strategy to optimize learning. In this framework, Learning Analytics represents stealth assessment and follow-up method, and a way to personalize such games by simplifying their application for teachers. The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of the use of serious games on improving linguistic competence in socio-educationally disadvantaged students, with a proposal for a planned systematized intervention. We use two specific games to improve linguistic competence and its learning analytics to achieve the proposed goal. This study carried out was pre-experimental, with pretest and posttest, and the sample consisted of 75 students at 4 primary education centers in Spain (36 boys, 39 girls) aged 9–12 (M = 10.6; SD = 0.7) at risk due to socioeconomic conditions in Primary Education. The results show that (a) the serious games integrated into the curriculum and adjusted to the learning objectives can facilitate the development and acquisition of linguistic competence in students with socio-educational disadvantages; (b) these students can match their peers in performance and competencies with appropriate systematic intervention; (c) the level acquired in a key competence can be evaluated and specific needs identified in students with academic difficulties using learning analytics; (d) learning analytics can contribute to predicting student performance in academic subjects through the scores collected in the analysis of learning integrated into serious games. These findings contribute to filling research gaps in these four aspects.
Review on Competency Assessment Instrumentation in Computer-based Simulation
Authors: Hjellvik Simen , Mallam Steven , Giskeødegård Marte Fannelø , Nazir Salman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputer-based simulation is utilised across various educational fields, employing diverse technologies to facilitate practical understanding of content and the acquisition of skills that can help close the gap between theory and practice. The possibility of providing scenarios that resemble on-the-job tasks, enables instructors to both train and assess the trainee’s comprehension of the tasks at hand. The practices as well as the technologies for the assessment of simulation-based training vary across disciplines. Our motivation is to address quality procedures from a cross-discipline perspective. There seems to be a lack of scientific investigation that takes one step back from the specific application and investigates how assessment instruments can be developed to fit training outcomes regardless of the professional discipline. This scoping literature review on empirical studies aims to do so by exploring how competency is assessed with computer-based simulation. Objectives to achieve this are: (1) apply established training research theory to structure a decomposition of assessment instruments; to (2) review approaches to assessments factored over this structure; and (3) discuss quality procedures taken in the creation of the reported instruments and then propose an approach to assessment instrumentation that can be applied independent of discipline, with the range of current technology, and for any focal outcome competency. By reviewing a spectrum of fields, we capture reported assessment practices across a range of currently employed technologies. This literature review combines the methods of a scoping review with the qualities of a systematic literature review while keeping to conventional reporting guidelines. This allowed us to provide insight into current approaches and research designs that applied measurements in the range from automated assessment to observer rating of simulation-based training in professional work settings. This study found that all reviewed studies measured skill-based outcomes with some variation and that there is more theoretical and empirical work to be done to close the gap on quality instrumentation and its validity evidence. Our contribution to the field of training research is the operationalized component structure and the synthesised approach to instrumentation that could offer researchers and practitioners guidance and inspiration to develop and conduct quality assessments in competency development.
A generalization of the optical quantum model using fractional normalization and recursion
Authors: Ogrenmis Meltem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation into the construction of electromagnetic timelike particles within the frame of Minkowski space, employing the Bishop model. Our study involves deriving the fractional derivatives of key Lorentz forces namely $$\Omega (\textbf{t})$$

Ω
(
t
)

, $$\Omega (v_1)$$

Ω
(

v
1

)

, and $$\Omega (v_2)$$

Ω
(

v
2

)

. Furthermore, we delve into the computation of essential normalizing and recursion operators tailored to magnetic vector fields, drawing from the principles outlined in the Bishop model. Additionally, we extend our analysis to determine the Fermi–Walker (FW) fractional derivatives, which play a crucial role in understanding the behavior and dynamics of the normalizing and recursion operators. Through this thorough exploration, we aim to provide valuable insights into the electromagnetic properties of timelike particles within the context of Minkowski space.
Cultivar authentication of olive oil from Ionian islands using volatile compounds and chemometric analyses
Authors: Kopsahelis Nikolaos , Karabagias Ioannis K. , Papapostolou Harris , Eriotou Effimia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo hundred and twenty-three olive samples of different olive cultivars (Koroneiki, Asprolia, Lianolia, Ntopia, Thiaki, Mavrolia, and Others) grown in the Ionian islands (Kefalonia, Kerkyra, Leukada, and Zakynthos) were subjected to headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The aim of the study was to characterize the aroma pattern of these olive oil cultivars, and track whether specific volatile compounds could be used for olive oil cultivar authentication using chemometrics. Multivariate analysis of variance implemented on the semi-quantitative data of volatile compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, benzene derivatives, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, and terpenoids), showed that olive cultivar had a significant impact on the volatile composition of olive oil samples. Factor analysis and linear discriminant analysis indicated those specific volatile compounds that could be related to olive oil cultivar and established statistical models for the olive oil cultivar authentication from Ionian islands, thus indicating a characteristic aroma fingerprint of these olive oils.
Autonomic responses in young females with typical vasovagal syncope
Authors: Amir Ben , Lanciano Sapir Barak , Rubinshtein Ronen , Nussinovitch Udi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo determine whether young women who have experienced typical vasovagal syncope (tVVS) have altered autonomic response parameters, based on a battery of autonomic tests and maneuvers. Notably, previous studies including small cohorts and a partial list of tests yielded conflicting results. A total of 91 otherwise healthy women were included and divided according to those who had experienced tVVS (39 patients) or not (52 patients). Heart rate variability was evaluated at rest, under strict conditions, during 5 min of standing and during a deep breathing test. Response to Valsalva maneuver and Ewing maneuver were also quantified and compared. Both groups had similar clinical characteristics at baseline. No significant differences were found between the two groups in any of the autonomic parameters evaluated. Autonomic responses in young women who experienced typical vasovagal syncope at baseline were indistinguishable from those who did not. Thus, using non-tilt test autonomic screening tests does not seem to provide diagnostic benefits, and may not be useful in predicting recurrence in this patient population.
Association between serum levels of GDF-15, suPAR, PIVKA-II, sdLDL and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Anastasi Emanuela , Assanto Eleonora , Toccini Ludovica , Imbimbo Giovanni , Gigante Antonietta , Viggiani Valentina , Farina Antonella , Picconi Orietta , Angeloni Antonio , Muscaritoli Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo quantify the circulating levels of novel serum biomarkers including GDF-15, PIVKA-II, sdLDL, suPAR, and of CRP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with healthy subjects, and to evaluate their association(s) with outcomes in COVID-19. We considered patients with confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized in an Internal Medicine ward. The clinical characteristics were collected, including the number and type of comorbidities. Serum levels of GDF-15, PIVKA-II, suPAR, sdLDL, as well as CRP were measured. As outcomes, we considered Intensive Care Unit (ICU) transfer or death, as well as the length of stay (days) and in-hospital complications. Data were statistically analyzed, as appropriate, and a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Ninety-three patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. COVID-19 patients vs. controls showed higher median levels of GDF-15 (p < 0.0001), PIVKA-II (p < 0.0001) and sdLDL (p = 0.0002), whereas no difference was observed for suPAR. In COVID-19 patients, the most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (62.4%) and cardiovascular disease (30.1%). GDF-15 levels positively correlated with age (r = 0.433, p < 0.0001), and this correlation was confirmed for suPAR (r = 0.308, p = 0.003) and CRP (Rho = 0.40 p < 0.0001), but not for PIVKA-II and sdLDL. Higher GDF-15 levels were associated with a higher number of comorbidities (p = 0.021). The median length of stay was 22 (15; 30) days. During hospitalization, 15 patients (16%) were ICU transferred, and 6 (6.45%) died. GDF-15 serum levels correlated with the length of stay (rho = 0.27 p = 0.010), and were associated with ICU transfer or death (p = 0.003), as well as PIVKA-II (p = 0.038) and CRP (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher GDF-15 and PIVKA-II serum levels were associated with infectious complications (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017, respectively). In this cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, novel inflammatory biomarkers, including GDF-15, suPAR and PIVKA II were associated with some patient’s clinical characteristics, complications, and poor outcomes.
Insufficient Sleep and Behavioral Health in the Military: A 5-Country Perspective
Authors: Alger Sara E. , Bennett Clare , Bennett Neanne , Huebner Matthew G. , Lee Jennifer E. C. , Edge Heather J. McCuaig , Simms Amos , Adler Amy B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The goal of this paper was to highlight the degree to which sleep, behavioral health, and leader involvement were interrelated using data from militaries in five English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the United States.

Recent Findings
Many service members reported sleeping fewer than the recommended 7 h/night: 34.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2% of respondents from New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, respectively. Countries reporting shorter sleep duration also reported fewer insomnia-related difficulties, likely reflecting higher sleep pressure from chronic sleep loss. Across all countries, sleep problems were positively correlated with behavioral health symptoms. Importantly, leader promotion of healthy sleep was positively correlated with more sleep and negatively correlated with sleep problems and behavioral health symptoms.

Summary
Insufficient sleep in the military is ubiquitous, with serious implications for the behavioral health and functioning of service members. Leaders should attend to these risks and examine ways to promote healthy sleep in service members.
A capabilitarian behavioral economics: what behavioral economics can learn from the capability approach
Authors: Garces-Velastegui Pablo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBehavioral economics (BE) accounts for how people actually behave has proven to be very influential in multiple domains. Its insights have dislodged settled assumptions and put forward an improved understanding of human beings and their agency. Although it challenges the conventional approach, advanced by rational choice theory (RCT), because it also formally builds on it, BE shares some of RCT’s advantages as well as its shortcomings. One the one hand, it shares an important focus on freedom. On the other, it is limited to self-interest as the main motivation for human action. The latter is a limitation since human experience is much richer than that. To complement BE’s limitation, this paper suggests Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach (CA). This framework places humans and their quality of life at the locus of attention for the assessment of social states. To do so, it challenges RCT in a more fundamental way and it provides a richer account of human agency, which includes both self-regarding as well as other-regarding motivations. This combination enriches BE’s realism as well as practicality.
Technologies for design-build-test-learn automation and computational modelling across the synthetic biology workflow: a review
Authors: Matzko Richard , Konur Savas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by the need to parameterize and functionalize dynamic, multiscale simulations, as well as bridge the gap between advancing in silico and laboratory Synthetic Biology practices, this work evaluated and contextualized Synthetic Biology data standards and conversion, modelling and simulation methods, genetic design and optimization, software platforms, machine learning, assembly planning, automated modelling, combinatorial methods, biological circuit design and laboratory automation. This review also discusses technologies related to domain specific languages, libraries and APIs, databases, whole cell models, use of ontologies, datamining, metabolic engineering, parameter estimation/acquisition, robotics, microfluidics and touches on a range of applications. The discussed principles should provide a strong, encompassing foundation for primarily dry laboratory Synthetic Biology automation, reproducibility, interoperability, simulatability, data acquisition, parameterization, functionalization of models, classification, computational efficiency, time efficiency and effective genetic engineering. Applications impact the design-build-test-learn loop, in silico computer assisted design and simulations, hypothesis generation, yield optimization, drug design, synthetic organs, sensors and living therapeutics.
Prediction of new-onset atrial fibrillation with the C2HEST score in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Pastori Daniele , Menichelli Danilo , Romiti Giulio Francesco , Speziale Angela Pia , Pignatelli Pasquale , Basili Stefania , Violi Francesco , Cangemi Roberto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may have a higher risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). The C2HEST score was developed to evaluate the NOAF risk in the general population. Data on the value of the C2HEST score in acute patients admitted with CAP are lacking. We want to establish the predictive value of C2HEST score for NOAF in patients with CAP.

Methods
Patients with CAP enrolled in the SIXTUS cohort were enrolled. C2HEST score was calculated at baseline. In-hospital NOAF was recorded. Receiver-operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed.

Results
We enrolled 473 patients (36% women, mean age 70.6 ± 16.5 years), and 54 NOAF occurred. Patients with NOAF were elderly, more frequently affected by hypertension, heart failure, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease and hyperthyroidism. NOAF patients had also higher CURB-65, PSI class and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The C-index of C2HEST score for NOAF was 0.747 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.705–0.786), higher compared to CURB-65 (0.611, 95%CI 0.566–0.655, p = 0.0016), PSI (0.665, 95%CI 0.621–0.708, p = 0.0199) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (0.696, 95%CI 0.652–0.737, p = 0.0762). The best combination of sensitivity (67%) and specificity (70%) was observed with a C2HEST score ≥ 4. This result was confirmed by the multivariable Cox analysis (Hazard Ratio [HR] for C2HEST score ≥ 4 was 10.7, 95%CI 2.0–57.9; p = 0.006), independently from the severity of pneumonia.

Conclusion
The C2HEST score was a useful predictive tool to identify patients at higher risk for NOAF during hospitalization for CAP.

Clinical Trial Registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01773863)
Theoretical derivation of Planck’s constant based on brownian motion model and uncertainty relation
Authors: Nagasaka Hideo , Mori Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn stochastic mechanics, one of the interpretations of realistic quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation can be derived by assuming the Brownian motion (BM) of minute particles. In this study, we theoretically derive Planck’s constant (h), a fundamental constant of quantum physics, by assuming same BM. Einstein investigated the BM of a resonator caused by photons in a black body; meanwhile, in this study, BM is considered to be caused by the particle and wave natures of light. As a result, as the functional form of h,$${h}_{N}=\frac{4\pi {e}^{2}}{c{\varepsilon }_{0}}\frac{1}{\beta }$$

h
N

=

4
π

e

2

c

ε
0

1
β

(e: elementary charge, $${\varepsilon }_{0}$$

ε
0

: permittivity, c: speed of light) was derived, where the undetermined coefficient $$\frac{\beta }{2}$$

β
2

represents the probability that the interaction between electrons and electromagnetic waves becomes particle-like absorption in one cycle of oscillation. The theoretical value of h was calculated to be $$\frac{4\pi {e}^{2}}{c{\varepsilon }_{0}}\pi \sqrt{3}$$

4
π

e

2

c

ε
0

π

3

by obtaining β from the transition conditions of the BM model and uncertainty relation. This theoretical value is within 0.3% of the most recent value of h. Besides, Nelson’s assumed diffusion coefficient in the stochastic mechanics, which is essential in obtaining Schrödinger’s equation, was proved to be obtained from the BM model and the uncertainty relation. This finding and the conclusion that the Planck’s constant can be mathematically derived, provide support for Nelson’s stochastic mechanics.
Use of Geogrid for Improved Performance of Ballasted Tracks: Experimental and DEM Approaches
Authors: Ngo Trung , Indraratna Buddhima 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the enhanced performance of ballasted tracks through the implementation of geogrids. A series of large-scale direct shear tests and impact tests was conducted with three distinct types of geogrids. The behavior of ballast was evaluated in terms of shear stress–strain responses and stress concentration using stress sensing sheets. Additionally, a micromechanical analysis utilizing the discrete element method was simulated on ballast assemblies with different geogrid reinforcements. The shear stress–strain responses of ballast simulated from DEM are comparable with those measured from large-scale direct shear tests, indicating that the inclusion of geogrid can enhance the performance of ballast by increasing its shear strength, as well as reducing the vertical displacement and the load distribution with depth. Micromechanical analysis was performed to investigate the influences of geogrids on contact force distribution, coordination number and orientation of contact which could not be captured in a laboratory environment. The use of geogrids in ballasted tracks certainly shows promise for sustainable and efficient railway infrastructure, as evidenced by the experimental and DEM-based findings, offering valuable insights into optimizing track stability and longevity.