bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Quality Indices, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavored Olive Oils during Storage
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Terracone Carmela , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Notte Ennio La 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe chemical characteristics, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive oils flavored with garlic, lemon, oregano, hot pepper, and rosemary were evaluated during 9 months of storage. At the end of the storage period, the unflavored and the garlic‐flavored oils maintained their chemical parameters within the limits fixed for extra‐virgin olive oils. After 9 months of storage, a noticeable decrease in phenolic content was observed in all the oils. The highest (35.0 ± 3.9 mg/kg oil) and the lowest (6.3 ± 0.4 mg/kg) phenolic contents were detected in the unflavored and garlic‐flavored oils, respectively. Compounds such as 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethyl 4‐formyl‐3‐formylmethyl‐4‐hexenoate, the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol) andp‐HPEA‐EDA (dialdehydic form of the decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to tyrosol) were the most abundant in both unflavored and lemon‐flavored oils up till 6 months of storage. At the end of the storage period, increases in 3,4‐DHPEA (hydroxytyrosol) andp‐HPEA (tyrosol) were measured in almost all the oils. During storage, the antioxidant activity coefficients of the phenolic extracts, calculated according to the β‐carotene bleaching assay, significantly decreased and, after 9 months, were in a decreasing order: rosemary (51.3 ± 4.2), hot pepper, lemon, oregano, unflavored, and garlic (8.5 ± 0.7).
Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Butanol from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Soybean‐Derived Biodiesel
Authors: Adhami Lalleh , Griggs Bennie , Himebrook Patrick , Taconi Katherine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLiquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of mixtures of butanol, 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), and ethanol was performed using soybean‐derived biodiesel as the extractant. The composition of the mixtures simulated the product of the anaerobic fermentation of biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol, which has recently been reported for the first time by the authors. Using a biodiesel: with an aqueous phase volume ratio of 1:1, butanol recovery ranged from 45 to 51% at initial butanol concentrations of 150 and 225 mM, respectively. Less than 10% of the ethanol was extracted, and essentially no PDO was extracted. The partition coefficient for butanol in biodiesel was determined to be 0.91 ± 0.097. This partition coefficient is less than that of oleyl alcohol, which is considered the standard for LLE. However, butanol is suitable for blending with biodiesel, which would eliminate the need for separating the butanol after extraction. Additionally, biodiesel is much less costly than oleyl alcohol. If biodiesel‐derived glycerol is used as the feedstock for butanol production, and biodiesel is used as the extractant to recover butanol from the fermentation broth, production of a biodiesel/butanol fuel blend could be a fully integrated process within a biodiesel facility. This process could ultimately help reduce the cost of butanol separation and ultimately help improve the overall economics of butanol fermentation using renewable feedstocks.
Vanishing viscosity limit for an expanding domain in space
Authors: Lopes Helena J. Nussenzveig , Kelliher James P. , Filho Milton C. Lopes 
Published: August 2009

We study the limiting behavior of viscous incompressible flows when the fluid domain is allowed to expand as the viscosity vanishes. We describe precise conditions under which the limiting flow satisfies the full space Euler equations. The argument is based on truncation and on energy estimates, following the structure of the proof of Kato's criterion for the vanishing viscosity limit. This work complements previous work by the authors, see Iftimie et al. (2009) [5], Kelliher (2008) [8].

Résumé
Nous étudions le comportement à la limite des écoulements incompressibles visqueux en admettant que l'évanouissement de la viscosité est accompagné d'une expansion du domaine fluide. Nous décrivons des conditions précises sous lesquelles l'écoulement limite satisfait les équations d'Euler spatiales complètes. L'argument est fondé sur la troncature et sur des estimations d'énergie, suivant une stratégie pareille à la preuve du critère de Kato pour la limite de viscosité tendant à zéro. Ce résultat complémente les travaux précédents des auteurs (Iftimie et al., 2009 [5] ; Kelliher, 2008 [8]).
Maintaining Magnet Status: Establishing an Evidence‐Based Practice Committee
Authors: Wise Nancy J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTMagnet™ status for a facility indicates excellent nursing practice, positive and improved patient outcomes, and professional working environments. To maintain Magnet status, hospitals must show improved outcomes and clinical practice based on current evidence. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) committees provide a streamlined approach for improving clinical/bedside practice decisions based on current research.The Magnet program is designed to guide nurses in clinical practice and making recommendations, and the EBP committee is a mechanism by which to do this. Participating in an EBP committee encourages professional growth and improved patient outcomes. AORN J 90 (August 2009) 205–213. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Older Adult Surgical Patients: Presentation and Challenges
Authors: Doerflinger Deirdre M. Carolan 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe age of the population is increasing dramatically, and the age of the surgical population parallels that of the general population. This is occurring at a time when there are fewer health care providers with geriatric expertise in all disciplines.All health care providers must be knowledgeable about the normal changes of aging and must understand communication challenges with older adult patients. Health care providers must understand the specific risks and benefits of surgery and perform a complete individualized preoperative assessment to improve older adult patients' outcomes. AORN J 90 (August 2009) 223–240. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Ultrasound exposure of the foetal chick brain: effects on learning and memory
Authors: Schneider‐Kolsky Michal E. , Ayobi Zohel , Lombardo Paul , Brown Damian , Kedang Ben , Gibbs Marie E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUltrasound imaging of the brain is routinely used to monitor the development and resolution of brain lesions among premature and compromised newborn human babies. However, animal studies have shown that ultrasound can cause damage to developing foetal and neonatal tissues. In this study we investigated if ultrasound of the chick brain can lead to learning and memory impairment after hatch. We exposed the brains of chicks on day 19 of a 21 day incubation period to 5 or 10 min of B‐mode, or to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min of pulsed Doppler ultrasound in ovo. Learning and memory function were assessed at day 2 post‐hatch. Our results show that B‐mode exposure at E19 does not affect memory function. On the other hand, 2 h after training, significant memory impairment occurred following 4 and 5 min of pulsed Doppler exposure at E19. In separate groups of chicks, short‐, intermediate‐ and long‐term memory was equally impaired suggesting an inability to learn. Further, the chicks were still unable to learn with a second training session 5 min after completion of the initial testing. These results demonstrate that extended exposure to pulsed Doppler ultrasound can adversely affect cognitive function in the chick when exposure occurs close to the time of hatch.
The cochlea in fetuses with neural tube defects
Authors: Schmutzhard Joachim , Glueckert Rudolf , Bitsche Mario , Abraham Irene , Falkeis Christina , Schwentner Ilona , Riechelmann Herbert , Müller Bert , Beckmann Felix , Sergi Consolato , Schrott‐Fischer Annelies 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study different malformations of the cochlea could be demonstrated. Nevertheless, we could not delineate a distinct malformation of the inner ear, that can be linked to a neural tube defect.Neural tube defects are a frequent and heterogeneous group of malformations, ranging from the survivable spina bifida to fatal anencephaly. In multiple animal models an involvement of the vestibulocochlear system has been demonstrated. In this article human fetal temporal bones of neural tube defects were analysed in a multimodular work‐up.The morphologic study was performed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation‐based microcomputed tomography. Immunohistochemistry for different neuronal markers such as peripherin, beta‐III‐tubulin and vimentin helped to evaluate ontogenetic tissue development.Eight fetal temporal bones with neural tube defects and five control temporal bones were included into the morphologic study. The morphologic results of the neural tube defect temporal bones showed six regularly developed cochleas and two with only a single cochlear turn. Three of the neural tube defect temporal bones were further examined with immunohistochemical analysis. No differences in the staining pattern for peripherin, beta‐III‐tubulin and vimentin were detected.
Examining supply chain relationships: Do buyer and supplier perspectives on collaborative relationships differ?
Authors: Nyaga Gilbert N. , Whipple Judith M. , Lynch Daniel F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFirms are building collaborative relationships with their supply chain partners in order to achieve efficiencies, flexibility, and sustainable competitive advantage. However, it is unclear if collaborative relationships provide benefits that compensate for the additional expense associated with such relationships. Further, it is unclear what factors promote successful collaborations. This research examines collaborative relationships in two separate studies using structural equation modeling: one study examines buyers’ perceptions and the second study examines suppliers’ perceptions. The two studies are then compared using invariance testing in order to determine economic and relational factors that drive satisfaction and performance from each party's perspective. Results show that collaborative activities, such as information sharing, joint relationship effort, and dedicated investments lead to trust and commitment. Trust and commitment, in turn, lead to improved satisfaction and performance. Results from the two independent studies exhibit similarities and differences; while the conceptual model is highly similar, certain paths vary in their significance and/or their importance across buyer and supplier firms such that buyers focus more on relationship outcomes while suppliers look to safeguard their transaction specific investments through information sharing and joint relationship effort. Managerial and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Post-Clovis survival of American Mastodon in the southern Great Lakes Region of North America
Authors: Woodman Neal , Beavan Athfield Nancy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe end of the Pleistocene in North America was marked by a wave of extinctions of large mammals, with the last known appearances of many species falling between ca. 11,000–10,000 14C yr BP. Temporally, this period overlaps with the Clovis Paleoindian cultural complex (11,190–10,530 14C yr BP) and with sudden climatic changes that define the beginning of the Younger Dryas chronozone (ca. 11,000–10,000 14C yr BP), both of which have been considered as potential proximal causes of this extinction event. Radiocarbon dating of enamel and filtered bone collagen from an extinct American Mastodon (Mammut americanum) from northern Indiana, USA, by accelerator mass spectrometer yielded direct dates of 10,055 ± 40 14C yr BP and 10,032 ± 40 14C yr BP, indicating that the animal survived beyond the Clovis time period and into the late Younger Dryas. Although the late survival of this species in mid-continental North America does not remove either humans or climatic change as contributing causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions, neither Clovis hunters nor the climatic perturbations initiating the Younger Dryas chronozone were immediately responsible for driving mastodons to extinction.
Late Holocene sea-surface temperature and precipitation variability in northern Patagonia, Chile (Jacaf Fjord, 44°S)
Authors: Sepúlveda Julio , Pantoja Silvio , Hughen Konrad A. , Bertrand Sébastien , Figueroa Dante , León Tania , Drenzek Nicholas J. , Lange Carina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA high-resolution multi-proxy study including the elemental and isotopic composition of bulk organic matter, land plant-derived biomarkers, and alkenone-based sea-surface temperature (SST) from a marine sedimentary record obtained from the Jacaf Fjord in northern Chilean Patagonia (∼44°20′S) provided a detailed reconstruction of continental runoff, precipitation, and summer SST spanning the last 1750 yr. We observed two different regimes of climate variability in our record: a relatively dry/warm period before 900 cal yr BP (lower runoff and average SST 1°C warmer than present day) and a wet/cold period after 750 cal yr BP (higher runoff and average SST 1°C colder than present day). Relatively colder SSTs were found during 750–600 and 450–250 cal yr BP, where the latter period roughly corresponds to the interval defined for the Little Ice Age (LIA). Similar climatic swings have been observed previously in continental and marine archives of the last two millennia from central and southern Chile, suggesting a strong latitudinal sensitivity to changes in the Southern Westerly Winds, the main source of precipitation in southern Chile, and validating the regional nature of the LIA. Our results reveal the importance of the Chilean fjord system for recording climate changes of regional and global significance.
Sample size and haplotype richness in population samples of the lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina
Authors: LINDBLOM Louise 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe fine-scale genetic variation and population structure of lichen-forming fungi is little known and sampling strategies are rarely recommended or discussed. I tested if the sample sizes of molecular data sets used in recent population studies of Xanthoria parietina revealed all haplotypes potentially present and, accordingly, quantified how many haplotypes were potentially missing in the samples. Data sets were concatenated from two geographical regions in Scandinavia and investigated if the sampling reached saturation at two levels: 1) individual-based using rarefaction curves and 2) population-based using species accumulation curves. At both levels, the matrices of two molecular markers (IGS and ITS) were analysed separately. The molecular markers show similar and parallel patterns in all analyses. Rarefaction analyses did not reveal different patterns for populations in different habitats, i.e., bark and rock. Species accumulation curves estimated with the Chao 1 richness estimator indicated that 23% of the IGS and 8% of the ITS haplotypes were not detected. Corresponding figures from an abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) were 37% and 18%. Pilot studies are recommended to determine appropriate sample sizes for genetic-based population studies of lichen-forming fungi.
Bacidia rosellizans, a new lichen species from the taiga belt
Authors: EKMAN Stefan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBacidia rosellizansS. Ekman is described as new to science. Morphologically, the new species is similar to the type species of the genus,B. rosella(Pers.) De Not., particularly in the pale pink and pigment-deficient apothecia and in having the proper exciple and upper part of the hymenium inspersed with minute crystals that consist at least partly of atranorin.Bacidia rosellizans, however, differs in having a thin whitish thallus, smaller apothecia and a thinner apothecial margin, a dense layer of crystals along the excipular rim, shorter and narrower ascospores with fewer septa, and septate conidia. WhereasB. rosellais a species occurring in the nemoral zone of Europe and possibly northernmost Africa and parts of Asia (but not North America),B. rosellizansis found mainly onPopulusandSalixin taiga. This species is currently known from Sweden, Russia, Canada and the USA. It was erroneously treated asBacidia rosellain a monograph of North American corticolous species ofBacidiaandBacidinaby Ekman (inOpera Botanica127, 1996).
Reproductive cycle, nutrition and growth of captive blue spotted stingray,Dasyatis kuhlii(Dasyatidae)
Authors: Janse Max , Schrama Johan W. 
Published: August 2009

At Burgers' Ocean 7 male and 3 female blue spotted stingrays,Dasyatis kuhliiwere born over a period of 4.5 years. This paper describes the experiences of the captive breeding results of this species. The first two young died within 2 days of birth. One of them had an internal yolk sac, which may feed the young in the first few days. The other eight animals started to feed after 4 to 9 days on a variety of food types. Birth size of the young increased with increasing age of the parents. Mating occurred directly after parturition, so no seasonality could be defined. Gestation length ranged between 138 and 169 days, with a mean of 144.9±9.0 days (N = 11). Litter size was one, possibly caused by only one active ovarium. Sexual maturity of the two parent animals is approximately 3.5 years. The average feeding rations for the adults ranged between 10.1% BW week−1(131 kcal kg BW−1week−1) and 11.3% BW week−1(172 kcal kg BW−1 week−1), with a feeding frequency of 4 times per week. The relationship between body weight (BW) and wingspan (WS) is given as BW = 3.6 × 10−5* WS2.940(R2 = 0.9645; N = 45).
Characteristics of young rural Chinese suicides: a psychological autopsy study
Authors: Zhang J. , Wieczorek W. , Conwell Y. , Tu X.-M. , Wu B. Y.-W. , Xiao S. , Jia C. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundPatterns of suicide rates in China differ in many ways from those in the West. This study aimed to identify the risk factors characteristic for young rural Chinese suicides.MethodThis was a case-control psychological autopsy (PA) study. The samples were suicides and living controls (both aged 15–34 years) from 16 rural counties of China. We interviewed two informants for each suicide and each control with pretested and validated instruments to estimate psychosocial, psychiatric and other risk factors for suicides.ResultsThe prevalence of mental disorders was higher among the young Chinese who died by suicide than among the living controls, but was lower than among suicides in the West. Marriage was not a protecting factor for suicide among young rural Chinese women, and never-married women who were involved in relationships were about three times more likely to commit suicide than single women who were unattached. Religion/religiosity was not a protecting factor in Chinese suicide, as it tended to be stronger for suicides than for controls. Impulsivity was significantly higher for suicides than for controls. Psychological strain, resulting from conflicting social values between communist gender equalitarianism and Confucian gender discrimination, was associated significantly with suicide in young rural Chinese women, even after accounting for the role of psychiatric illness.ConclusionsRisk factors for suicide in rural China are different from those in the West. Psychological strain plays a role in suicide. Suicide prevention programs in China should incorporate culture-specific considerations.
Maternal psychological distress and fetal growth trajectories: The Generation R Study
Authors: Henrichs J. , Schenk J. J. , Roza S. J. , van den Berg M. P. , Schmidt H. G. , Steegers E. A. P. , Hofman A. , Jaddoe V. W. V. , Verhulst F. C. , Tiemeier H. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundPrevious research suggests, though not consistently, that maternal psychological distress during pregnancy leads to adverse birth outcomes. We investigated whether maternal psychological distress affects fetal growth during the period of mid-pregnancy until birth.MethodPregnant women (n=6313) reported levels of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory (anxious and depressive symptoms) and the Family Assessment Device (family stress) at 20.6 weeks pregnancy and had fetal ultrasound measurements in mid- and late pregnancy. Estimated fetal weight was calculated using head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length.ResultsIn mid-pregnancy, maternal distress was not linked to fetal size. In late pregnancy, however, anxious symptoms were related to fetal size after controlling for potential confounders. Anxious symptoms were also associated with a 37.73 g [95% confidence interval (CI) −69.22 to −6.25, p=0.019] lower birth weight. When we related maternal distress to fetal growth curves using multilevel models, more consistent results emerged. Maternal symptoms of anxiety or depression were associated with impaired fetal weight gain and impaired fetal head and abdominal growth. For example, depressive symptoms reduced fetal weight gain by 2.86 g (95% CI −4.48 to −1.23, p<0.001) per week.ConclusionsThe study suggests that, starting in mid-pregnancy, fetal growth can be affected by different aspects of maternal distress. In particular, children of prenatally anxious mothers seem to display impaired fetal growth patterns during pregnancy. Future work should address the biological mechanisms underlying the association of maternal distress with fetal development and focus on the effects of reducing psychological distress in pregnancy.
A sham-controlled trial of left and right temporal rTMS for the treatment of auditory hallucinations
Authors: Loo C. K. , Sainsbury K. , Mitchell P. , Hadzi-Pavlovic D. , Sachdev P. S. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported reduction of auditory hallucinations (AH) after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left temporal cortex. This study explored the effects of rTMS to the left and right temporal cortex.MethodEighteen subjects with schizophrenia and frequent AH were enrolled in a double-blind, cross-over trial of 3 days of active rTMS to the left or right temporal cortex, or sham rTMS to the vertex (control condition), followed by an open treatment phase. The effects on AH were assessed by a blinded rater, using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS).ResultsDuring the double-blind phase, active temporal rTMS did not result in significantly greater improvement in hallucination scores than sham rTMS to the vertex, apart from a reduction in distress scores. Hallucination scores improved during the open continued treatment phase.ConclusionsThis study did not demonstrate an advantage for left temporal rTMS compared to right temporal and sham stimulation, over a 3-day stimulation period, but found modest improvement in hallucinations during continued open label treatment.