bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of performance feedback on tracheal suctioning knowledge and skills: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Day Tina , Iles Nicola , Griffiths Peter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Effect of performance feedback on tracheal suctioning knowledge and skills: randomized controlled trial. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine whether individualized performance feedback improved nurses’ and physiotherapists’ knowledge and practice of tracheal suctioning.Background.  Nurses’ knowledge and practice of tracheal suctioning is often deficient. Whilst teaching has been shown to improve suctioning knowledge and practice, this is not sustained over time.Method.  Ninety‐five qualified healthcare professionals (nurses and physiotherapists) in two acute hospitals were randomly allocated to receive either individualized performance feedback or no additional feedback after a standardized lecture and practical demonstration of tracheal suctioning. Randomization was stratified by profession, seniority and site. Data were collected in 2005 in a clinical setting involving patients and a simulation setting. The outcome measures were knowledge and practice of tracheal suctioning, assessed by self‐completion questionnaire and structured observation.Results.  In both settings, intervention groups performed statistically significantly better in terms of knowledge (P = 0·014) and practice (P = 0·037) at final follow‐up. Those who received performance feedback had statistically significantly higher knowledge (P = 0·004) and practice (P < 0·01) scores than the control group. For practice, there was also a relationship between professions (P < 0·01), with physiotherapists performing better than nurses overall, and an interaction between group and setting (P < 0·01), with performance feedback showing a stronger positive effect in the simulation setting.Conclusion.  Retention of knowledge and tracheal suctioning practice is improved when training is followed up by tailored feedback on performance. Further research would shed light on how long such improvements are sustained, and whether the improvements seen in a simulated setting can be generalized to clinical settings.
Quality of life in partners of people with congestive heart failure: gender and involvement in care
Authors: Luttik Marie Louise , Jaarsma Tiny , Lesman Ivonne , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Quality of life in partners of people with congestive heart failure: gender and involvement in care. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to investigate quality of life in partners of people with congestive heart failure in comparison to individuals living with a healthy partner.Background.  Congestive heart failure is a chronic debilitating disease with severe symptoms and complex treatment. The support of partners is essential in the management of congestive heart failure. Living with a chronic illness generally affects the quality of life of patients and their partners.Method.  Data were collected using a cross‐sectional, comparative design between October 2002 and February 2005 with 303 partners of people with congestive heart failure. Reference data were collected in 304 age‐ and gender‐matched individuals living with a healthy partner, drawn from the general population. All respondents completed questionnaires at home on quality of life and general well‐being. Analysis of variance was used to analyse the data.Findings.  Overall, differences in quality of life between partners of people with heart failure and matched controls were small. However, substantial variation in the quality of life of partners was found by exploring the role of gender and involvement in care. Quality of life scores varied strongly for male and female partners who had to perform caregiving tasks. The performance of these caregiving tasks was negatively associated with the quality of life of female partners but not with that of male partners.Conclusion.  Female partners especially should not be overlooked when they become involved in personal care tasks. Nurses should not be reluctant to involve male partners in caring for women with heart failure.
Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation: Instrument Development
Authors: Chang Hsiu‐Ju , Lin Chia‐Chin , Chou Kuei‐Ru , Ma Wei‐Fen , Yang Chyn‐Yng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation: Instrument Development. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to develop a Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory and evaluate its psychometric properties.Background.  Comprehensive assessment of suicidal behaviour in youths should incorporate both protective factors and risk factors.Methods.  We recruited 2341 middle‐ and high‐school students for a longitudinal and prospective study, conducted between 2005 and 2007. To assess predictive validity, a convenience sample of 251 of the 2341 students was recruited 1 year later to follow‐up on suicide attempts during the preceding 2 weeks. To evaluate construct validity, a small convenience sample of 94 adolescent inpatients and outpatients was used as a comparison group. Instruments used included the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Self‐Control Schedule, and the Cognitive Triad for Children.Results.  Cronbach’s α coefficients for the Chinese version of the positive and negative suicide ideation–negative suicide ideation and the Chinese version of the positive and negative suicide ideation–positive ideation were 0·94 and 0·86 respectively. Satisfactory test–retest reliability was evident. Convergent and divergent validities were demonstrated by statistically significant correlations among subscales and the other instruments used. Construct validity was evidenced by statistically significantly different scores on the subscales among the contrasted groups. Subscale scores in the first‐wave study statistically significantly predicted attempted suicide behaviour 1 year later, demonstrating evidence of predictive validity. Factor analysis showed a two‐factor structure.Conclusion.  The Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory may be a reliable and valid instrument to measure the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescents, subject to further research to test the generalizability of the present findings.
Retaining older nurses in primary care and the community
Authors: Storey Claire , Cheater Francine , Ford Jackie , Leese Brenda 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Retaining older nurses in primary care and the community. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine issues associated with the impact of age on the retention of female primary and community care nurses in the National Health Service in England.Background.  Little is known about why older nurses in the primary and community care workforce leave and what might encourage them to stay.Methods.  A cross‐sectional survey using a semi‐structured postal questionnaire was carried out during 2005. Responses were received from 485 (61%) district nurses, health visitors, school nurses and practice nurses in five primary care trusts in England. Data were analysed to test for associations.Results.  Older nurses were more likely than younger ones to report that their role had lived up to expectations (P = 0·001). Issues important for older nurses were feeling valued and being consulted when change was implemented. Important factors encouraging nurses to stay were pension considerations, reduced working hours near retirement, and reduced workload. For those with degree‐level qualifications, enhanced pay was a factor encouraging retention (P = 0·044). Nurses might leave in response to high administrative workloads, problems in combining work and family commitments (P ≤ 0·001), and lack of workplace support (P = 0·029). Retirement and pensions advice was not widely available.Conclusion.  Since two‐thirds of nurses were generally happy in their role, it is important that the conditions necessary to maintain this level of satisfaction are continued throughout a nurse’s working life. Nurses may all too easily consider leaving prematurely unless policy makers and managers ensure that their working environment reflects the issues nurses consider to be conducive to retention.
Theoretical substruction: establishing links between theory and measurement of military women’s attitudes towards menstrual suppression during military operations
Authors: Trego Lori L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Theoretical substruction: establishing links between theory and measurement of military women’s attitudes towards menstrual suppression during military operations. Aim.  The aim of this paper is to establish a theoretical model for the exploration of the phenomenon of menstruation and women’s attitudes towards menstrual suppression during military operations.Background.  In the emerging field of literature that explores menstruation among military women, there are indications that menstrual symptoms and hygiene are problematic under the circumstances of deployment to military operations. While menstrual suppression may be a solution to problems that women encounter with menstruation during deployment, there is little research exploring the phenomenon.Data sources.  CINAHL and Medline were used to locate peer reviewed journal papers published from 1977 to 2007. International military reports were obtained through an internet search engine (Google™).Discussion.  Issues that military women encounter surrounding menstruation during deployment are framed according to components of human ecology and social ecology theories, creating a theoretical model for the study of military women’s menstrual health. Theoretical substruction is then used to evaluate the proposed theoretical and operational systems for measuring military women’s attitudes during deployment. The process of theoretical substruction validates the model and the theoretical integrity of the proposed research on women’s attitudes towards suppression.Conclusion.  A theory‐based model for women’s health under challenging environmental conditions will enhance the holistic consideration of women’s health issues by care providers. The theoretical model clearly explicates the phenomenon of menstruation during deployment and the theoretical and operational systems are soundly linked in the proposed measurement model of military women’s attitudes towards menstrual suppression.
Influences of context, process and individual differences on nurses’ readiness for change to Magnet status
Authors: Caldwell Steven D. , Roby‐Williams Cathy , Rush Kathy , Ricke‐Kiely Theresa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Influences of context, process and individual differences on nurses’ readiness for change to Magnet status. Aim.  The aim of this study was to test hypotheses associated with a model which explains individuals’ readiness in early stages of a change.Background.  In an effort to improve the quality of nursing care, hospitals in the United States of America seek to obtain Magnet recognition. While it is commonly known that Magnet hospitals provide higher quality patient care, little is known about the variability in nurses’ attitudes and behaviour within Magnet hospitals.Method.  We collected data in 2006 from 310 Registered Nurses to investigate the factors that influence their willingness to embrace the changes necessary for the high levels of excellence accompanying Magnet status. Hierarchical linear modelling was used because the data were multi‐level.Results.  Both change‐specific context, such as a culture of research exhibited by the manager, and formal education of the nurse moderated the positive influences of the organization’s procedural justice actions. Specifically, procedural justice was stronger when the nurse manager demonstrated a culture of research, and negative effects of low justice were mitigated when nurses had a higher level of formal education.Conclusion.  Preparing managers beforehand to appreciate and adopt new behaviours associated with a forthcoming organizational change should enhance the success of change practices as new changes are initiated. Moreover, education that exposes employees to the pending realities of their industry, such as nursing research, can play an important role in the development of positive beliefs about changes facing their organizations.
Patient‐centred care and nurses’ health: the role of nurses’ caring orientation
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTitle.  Patient‐centred care and nurses’ health: the role of nurses’ caring orientation. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the moderating effect of caring orientation on the relationship of patient‐centred care to nurses’ physical and mental health.Background.  Providing effective patient‐centred care is well‐accepted as an important contributor to a host of patients’ health outcomes. Based on two theoretical perspectives – person–environment fit and emotional labour – I suggest that providing patient‐centred care per se does not potentially harm nurses’ health; the cause is the fit (or non‐fit) of a nurse’s caring orientation and the displayed patient‐centred care behaviours.Method.  Data were collected in 2007 with a random sample of 325 registered nurses working in the Israeli public healthcare sector in in‐patient units. Caring orientation, health and control variables were measured via validated questionnaires. Patient‐centred care behaviours were assessed by structured observations.Results.  The mental health of nurses who exhibited high caring orientation combined with high patient‐centred care, or that of nurses who exhibited low caring orientation combined with low patient‐centred care, was statistically significantly higher in comparison with the mental health of nurses who exhibited incongruent (low/high or high/low) caring orientation and patient‐centred care behaviours. For nurses’ physical health, the findings revealed that providing patient‐centred care was associated with worsened health, and possessing a caring orientation was associated with better health.Conclusions.  The findings support the hypotheses that were derived from person–environment fit and emotional labour only with regard to mental health. Separate theory needs to be developed on how to maintain nurses’ physical health.
Comparative phylogeography of tenebrionid beetles in the Aegean archipelago: the effect of dispersal ability and habitat preference
Authors: PAPADOPOULOU ANNA , ANASTASIOU IOANNIS , KESKIN BEKIR , VOGLER ALFRIED P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractComparative phylogeographical studies in island archipelagos can reveal lineage‐specific differential responses to the geological and climatic history. We analysed patterns of genetic diversity in six codistributed lineages of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) in the central Aegean archipelago which differ in wing development and habitat preferences. A total of 600 specimens from 30 islands and eight adjacent mainland regions were sequenced for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and nuclear Muscular protein 20. Individual gene genealogies were assessed for the presence of groups that obey an independent coalescent process using a mixed Yule coalescent model. The six focal taxa differed greatly in the number of coalescent groups and depth of lineage subdivision, which was closely mirrored by the degree of geographical structuring. The most severe subdivision at both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA level was found in flightless lineages associated with presumed stable compact‐soil habitats (phrygana, maquis), in contrast to sand‐obligate lineages inhabiting ephemeral coastal areas that displayed greater homogeneity across the archipelago. A winged lineage, although associated with stable habitats, showed no significant phylogenetic or geographical structuring. Patterns of nucleotide diversity and local genetic differentiation, as measured using ΦST and hierarchical amova, were consistent with high levels of ongoing gene flow in the winged taxon; frequent local extinction and island recolonisation for flightless sand‐obligate taxa; and very low gene flow and geographical structure largely defined by the palaeogeographical history of the region in flightless compact‐soil taxa. These results show that differences in dispersal rate, mediated by habitat persistence, greatly influence the levels of phylogeographical subdivision in lineages that are otherwise subjected to the same geological events and palaeoclimatic changes.
Species‐level phylogeographical history of Myricaria plants in the mountain ranges of western China and the origin of M. laxiflora in the Three Gorges mountain region
Authors: LIU YIFEI , WANG YONG , HUANG HONGWEN 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Myricaria species in China occur mostly in the major high‐altitude mountain areas in and around the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The one major exception to this is M. laxiflora which is restricted to the Three Gorges mountain region. In this study, we investigate species‐level phylogeographical patterns of Myricaria species in western China and the origin of M. laxiflora. The results show that most chloroplast haplotypes are species‐specific, except for one haplotype which is shared by three widespread species. Higher haplotype diversity within the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau region supports the hypothesis that the Himalayas are the centre of origin for Myricaria. The phylogeny of Myricaria was geographically structured, and an estimated Bayesian chronology suggested the main divergence events occurred during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene (~1.46–2.30 million years ago). The overall phylogeographical pattern was characterized by vicariance events and regional demographical expansion, reflecting a major influence of geological and climatic events on the evolution of Myricaria species. Our data suggest that M. laxiflora has an ancient origin, but has experienced recent population expansion through the Three Gorges Valley. The origin of M. laxiflora was estimated to be during the Early Pleistocene but its demographical expansion was more recent at about 0.015 million years ago. This highlights the unique phylogeographical history of the Three Gorges mountain region, and the deep imprint of the watercourse connections of the Yangtze River Valley on the phylogeographical structure of the species in this region.
Long‐term outcomes of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after lung or heart–lung transplantation with a delayed ganciclovir regimen
Authors: Thomas Lora D. , Milstone Aaron P. , Miller Geraldine G. , Loyd James E. , Stephen Dummer J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Information is limited on long‐term outcomes after preemptive use of ganciclovir to control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in lung transplantation.Methods:  We studied 78 lung recipients who received antithymocyte globulin induction from 1994 to 2000. All patients received six months of oral acyclovir (800 mg TID). This was interrupted three wk post transplantation for a two‐wk course of IV ganciclovir. Additional courses of ganciclovir were administered based on serial virological monitoring. CMV‐mismatched patients (R−D+) also received four doses of CMV immunoglobulin between weeks 2 and 8.Results:  The one yr cumulative risk of CMV disease was 2% (1/61) in CMV seropositive (R+) patients, but was 37% (6/17) in R−D+ patients (p < 0.0001). Over 4.3 yr of follow‐up, patients with CMV infection developed more chronic graft dysfunction caused by bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome than patients without CMV infection (p = 0.012). This effect was also apparent in the subgroup of R+ recipients (p = 0.043). Acute rejection and overall survival were not associated with CMV infection.Conclusions:  The use of prophylactic acyclovir and short preemptive courses of ganciclovir effectively controlled CMV disease in R+ patients, but was a relative failure in R−D+ patients. CMV infection was significantly associated with chronic graft dysfunction, even in R+ recipients who had good control of CMV symptoms.
Pre‐transplant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a lower recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Lao Oliver B. , Weissman Jennifer , Perkins James D. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Hepatic transplantation has been advocated as an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We seek to determine if pre‐transplant therapies can reduce post‐transplant recurrence.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective review of prospective data in patients undergoing transplantation for HCC 2001–2006. Patients were followed for recurrence every six months with abdominal computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Logistic regression analyzed recipient factors such as prior treatment for HCC, donor, operative, and tumor factors in comparing patients developing HCC recurrence with those without recurrence.Results:  During the study period, we performed 124 hepatic transplants for HCC [age: 55 ± 7.6 yr; 104 (85%) male, 81 (66%) white, and 32 (26%) Asian]. Recurrence was found in nine at a mean of 2.6 yr follow‐up. Thirty‐three patients (27%) had pre‐transplant treatment (radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization or percutaneous ethanol injection). Univariable logistic regression identified nine factors [body mass index, Asian race, hepatitis B, prior HCC therapy, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, bilirubin, and international normalized ratio] predictive of HCC recurrence at a level of p < 0.1. Multiple logistic regression analysis of six of the nine selected factors demonstrated AFP level >1000, calculated pre‐transplant MELD score <14, and the lack of any pre‐transplant treatment were significantly associated with recurrence of HCC. No patient with prior HCC therapy had recurrence.Conclusions:  In patients with HCC awaiting hepatic transplantation, there is a reduced rate of recurrence of HCC if tumors are pre‐treated with liver‐directed therapy. By treating HCC tumors with any type of treatment prior to transplant, we can significantly reduce the odds of HCC recurrence after transplant.
The CD3Z 844 T>A polymorphism within the 3′‐UTR of CD3Z confers increased risk of incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Warchoł T. , Piotrowski P. , Lianeri M. , Cieślak D. , Wudarski M. , Hrycaj P. , Łącki J. K , Jagodziński P. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecently, a family‐based association analysis showed that the haplotype carrying a low expression of the variant CD3Z 844 T>A (rs1052231) polymorphism located in the 3′‐untranslated region of CD3Z predisposes to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence. We analyzed the prevalence of the CD3Z 844 T>A polymorphism in SLE patients (n = 152) and controls (n = 304) in Poland. We observed that women with the CD3Z AA and CD3Z AT genotypes exhibited a 1.845‐fold increased risk of SLE [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.222–2.787, P = 0.0038]. However, we did not find an increased risk for the homozygous CD3Z AA genotype (odds ratio = 1.204, 95% CI = 0.2838–5.108, P = 1.0000). This observation confers that genetic factors causing a decreased level of CD3‐ζ in T cells may predispose to SLE incidence.