bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Level Switching of Spin‐Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance in 2D Magnetite
Authors: Jia Zhiyan , Chen Qian , Wang Wenjie , Sun Rong , Li Zichao , Hübner René , Zhou Shengqiang , Cai Miming , Lv Weiming , Yu Zhipeng , Zhang Fang , Zhao Mengfan , Tian Sen , Liu Lixuan , Zeng Zhongming , Jiang Yong , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D magnetic materials hold substantial promise in information storage and neuromorphic device applications. However, achieving a 2D material with high Curie temperature (TC), environmental stability, and multi‐level magnetic states remains a challenge. This is particularly relevant for spintronic devices, which require multi‐level resistance states to enhance memory density and fulfil low power consumption and multi‐functionality. Here, the synthesis of 2D non‐layered triangular and hexagonal magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets are proposed with high TC and environmental stability, and demonstrate that the ultrathin triangular nanosheets show broad antiphase boundaries (bAPBs) and sharp antiphase boundaries (sAPBs), which induce multiple spin precession modes and multi‐level resistance. Conversely, the hexagonal nanosheets display slip bands with sAPBs associated with pinning effects, resulting in magnetic‐field‐driven spin texture reversal reminiscent of “0” and “1” switching signals. In support of the micromagnetic simulation, direct explanation is offer to the variation in multi‐level resistance under a microwave field, which is ascribed to the multi‐spin texture magnetization structure and the randomly distributed APBs within the material. These novel 2D magnetite nanosheets with unique spin textures and spin dynamics provide an exciting platform for constructing real multi‐level storage devices catering to emerging information storage and neuromorphic computing requirements.
Impaired Meningeal Lymphatics and Glymphatic Pathway in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensity
Authors: Zhou Ying , Xue Rui , Li Yifei , Ran Wang , Chen Yuping , Luo Zhongyu , Zhang Kemeng , Zhang Ruoxia , Wang Junjun , Fang Mengmeng , Chen Cong , Lou Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) represents a critical global medical concern linked to cognitive decline and dementia, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, humans are directly demonstrated that high WMH burden correlates with delayed drainage of meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathway. Additionally, a longitudinal cohort study reveals that glymphatic dysfunction predicts WMH progression. Next, in a rat model of WMH, the presence of impaired lymphangiogenesis and glymphatic drainage is confirmed, followed by elevated microglial activation and white matter demyelination. Notably, enhancing meningeal lymphangiogenesis through adeno‐associated virus delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) mitigates microglial gliosis and white matter demyelination. Conversely, blocking the growth of mLVs with a VEGF‐C trap strategy exacerbates these changes. The findings highlight the role of mLVs and glymphatic pathway dysfunction in aggravating brain white matter injury, providing a potential novel strategy for WMH prevention and treatment.
Bioinspired Robust Gas‐Permeable On‐Skin Electronics: Armor‐Designed Nanoporous Flash Graphene Assembly Enhancing Mechanical Resilience
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Zixuan , Wang Zhigang , Yi Ying , Yan Chunjie , Xu Wenxia , Zhou Feng , Gao Yuting , Zhou Qitao , Zhang Cheng , Deng Heng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoft on‐skin electrodes play an important role in wearable technologies, requiring attributes such as wearing comfort, high conductivity, and gas permeability. However, conventional fabrication methods often compromise simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, or mechanical resilience. In this study, a mechanically robust and gas‐permeable on‐skin electrode is presented that incorporates Flash Graphene (FG) integrated with a bioinspired armor design. FG, synthesized through Flash Joule Heating process, offers a small‐sized and turbostratic arrangement that is ideal for the assembly of a conductive network with nanopore structures. Screen‐printing is used to embed the FG assembly into the framework of polypropylene melt‐blown nonwoven fabrics (PPMF), forming a soft on‐skin electrode with low sheet resistance (125.2 ± 4.7 Ω/□) and high gas permeability (≈10.08 mg cm⁻2 h⁻¹). The “armor” framework ensures enduring mechanical stability through adhesion, washability, and 10,000 cycles of mechanical contact friction tests. Demonstrating capabilities in electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring, along with serving as a self‐powered triboelectric sensor, the FG/PPMF electrode holds promise for scalable, high‐performance flexible sensing applications, thereby enriching the landscape of integrated wearable technologies.
A Novel Nanozyme to Enhance Radiotherapy Effects by Lactic Acid Scavenging, ROS Generation, and Hypoxia Mitigation
Authors: Yao Yiran , Xu Ru , Shao Weihuan , Tan Ji , Wang Shaoyun , Chen Shuhan , Zhuang Ai , Liu Xuanyong , Jia Renbing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is a leading intraocular malignancy with a high 5‐year mortality rate, and radiotherapy is the primary approach for UM treatment. However, the elevated lactic acid, deficiency in ROS, and hypoxic tumor microenvironment have severely reduced the radiotherapy outcomes. Hence, this study devised a novel CoMnFe‐layered double oxides (LDO) nanosheet with multienzyme activities for UM radiotherapy enhancement. On one hand, LDO nanozyme can catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment into oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly boosting ROS production during radiotherapy. Simultaneously, LDO efficiently scavenged lactic acid, thereby impeding the DNA and protein repair in tumor cells to synergistically enhance the effect of radiotherapy. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations decoded the transformation pathway from lactic to pyruvic acid, elucidating a previously unexplored facet of nanozyme activity. The introduction of this innovative nanomaterial paves the way for a novel, targeted, and highly effective therapeutic approach, offering new avenues for the management of UM and other cancer types.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanocapsule Delivery CRISPR/Cas9 to Reprogram the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Hepatoma Carcinoma
Authors: He Lei , Li Zhaozhao , Su Danjie , Du Haichen , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Wangqian , Wang Shuning , Xie Fei , Qiu Yueyuan , Ma Shuangxin , Shi Gege , Yu Duo , Lei Xiaoying , Li Weina , Li Meng , Wang Zhaowei , Gu Jintao , Zhang Yingqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in various tumors, but its effectiveness in treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) remains limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a new immunotherapy target and develop corresponding intervention strategies. Bioinformatics analysis has revealed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is highly expressed in HCC and is closely related to poor prognosis of HCC patients. The previous study revealed that GDF15 can promote immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, knocking out GDF15 through gene editing could potentially reverse the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment permanently. To deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system specifically to HCC, nanocapsules (SNC) coated with HCC targeting peptides (SP94) on their surface is utilized. These nanocapsules incorporate disulfide bonds (SNCSS) that release their contents in the tumor microenvironment characterized by high levels of glutathione (GSH). In vivo, the SNCSS target HCC cells, exert a marked inhibitory effect on HCC progression, and promote HCC immunotherapy. Mechanistically, CyTOF analysis showed favorable changes in the immune microenvironment of HCC, immunocytes with killer function increased and immunocytes with inhibitive function decreased. These findings highlight the potential of the CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing system in modulating the immune microenvironment and improving the effectiveness of existing immunotherapy approaches for HCC.
De‐nitrosylation Coordinates Appressorium Function for Infection of the Rice Blast Fungus
Authors: Hu Hong , He Wenhui , Qu Zhiguang , Dong Xiang , Ren Zhiyong , Qin Mengyuan , Liu Hao , Zheng Lu , Huang Junbin , Chen Xiao‐Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) regulates the development and stress response in different organisms. The major biological activity of NO is protein S‐nitrosylation, whose function in fungi remains largely unclear. Here, it is found in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, de‐nitrosylation process is essential for functional appressorium formation during infection. Nitrosative stress caused by excessive accumulation of NO is harmful for fungal infection. While the S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase GSNOR‐mediated de‐nitrosylation removes excess NO toxicity during appressorium formation to promote infection. Through an indoTMT switch labeling proteomics technique, 741 S‐nitrosylation sites in 483 proteins are identified. Key appressorial proteins, such as Mgb1, MagB, Sps1, Cdc42, and septins, are activated by GSNOR through de‐nitrosylation. Removing S‐nitrosylation sites of above proteins is essential for proper protein structure and appressorial function. Therefore, GSNOR‐mediated de‐nitrosylation is an essential regulator for appressorium formation. It is also shown that breaking NO homeostasis by NO donors, NO scavengers, as well as chemical inhibitor of GSNOR, shall be effective methods for fungal disease control.
Why are triploid quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) common?
Authors: Blonder Benjamin Wong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseQuaking aspen is a clonal tree species that has mixed ploidy, often with high relative abundance of both diploids and triploids but no haploids or tetraploids. Triploids typically have low fertility, leaving their occurrence apparently unlikely from an evolutionary perspective, unless they provide a “triploid bridge” to generating higher‐fitness tetraploids—which are not observed in this species. This study focused on how triploidy can be maintained in quaking aspen.MethodsA computational model was used to simulate gamete production, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, parent survival, and offspring survival in a population. All parameters were assumed to be cytotype‐dependent and environment‐independent. Sampling methods were used to identify parameter combinations consistent with observed cytotype frequencies.ResultsMany processes and parameter values were sufficient to yield a moderate frequency of triploids, and very few were necessary. The most plausible route involved higher triploid survival at the parent or offspring stage and limited unreduced gamete production by either diploid or triploid parents. Triploid fertility was helpful but not necessary.ConclusionsThe coexistence of diploids and triploids in quaking aspen is statistically likely and promoted by the existence of commonly observed, long‐lived triploid clones. However, other mechanisms not captured by the model related to environmental variation could also occur. Further empirical data or more complex but difficult‐to‐parameterize models are needed to gain further insight.
Low exposition to lithium prevents nephrogenic diabetes insipidus but not microcystic dilations of the collecting ducts in long‐term rat model
Authors: Tabibzadeh Nahid , Klein Mathieu , Try Mélanie , Poupon Joël , Houillier Pascal , Klein Christophe , Cheval Lydie , Crambert Gilles , Lasaad Samia , Chevillard Lucie , Megarbane Bruno 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and microcystic chronic kidney disease (CKD). As previous clinical studies suggest that NDI is dose‐dependent and CKD is time‐dependent, we investigated the effect of low exposition to lithium in a long‐term experimental rat model. Rats were fed with a normal diet (control group), with the addition of lithium (Li+ group), or with lithium and amiloride (Li+/Ami group) for 6 months, allowing obtaining low plasma lithium concentrations (0.25 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.16 mmol/L, respectively). Exposition to low concentrations of plasma lithium levels prevented NDI but not microcystic dilations of kidney tubules, which were identified as collecting ducts (CDs) on immunofluorescent staining. Both hypertrophy, characterized by an increase in the ratio of nuclei per tubular area, and microcystic dilations were observed. The ratio between principal cells and intercalated cells was higher in microcystic than in hypertrophied tubules. There was no correlation between AQP2 messenger RNA levels and cellular remodeling of the CD. Additional amiloride treatment in the Li+/Ami group did not allow consistent morphometric and cellular composition changes compared to the Li+ group. Low exposition to lithium prevented overt NDI but not microcystic dilations of the CD, with differential cellular composition in hypertrophied and microcystic CDs, suggesting different underlying cellular mechanisms.
The productivity paradox in carbon‐intensive companies: How eco‐innovation affects corporate environmental and financial performance
Authors: Czerny Albert , Letmathe Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmpirical studies analyzing the relationship between strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and firms' environmental and financial performance often fail to find significant effects when firms invest in innovative green technologies. Indeed, as efficiency and productivity gains of new technologies can often be reaped only after a certain time gap, cross‐sectional studies are bound to ignore the time component, thus becoming subject to the productivity paradox. Employing an integrative approach, drawing on eco‐efficiency theory, productivity paradox, and innovation diffusion principles, this longitudinal study observes companies with high GHG emissions during and after the first two European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) trading periods (2005–2019). It analyzes (1) the dynamics of carbon reduction practices over time, (2) the impact of GHG reduction strategies on environmental performance, (3) the positive effect of GHG‐related efficiency improvements on firm performance, while considering (4) the moderating effect of GHG emissions type on the latter relationship.
Using Response Surface Methodology Approach to Modeling and Optimization of the Combustion Process in Cement Kiln
Authors: Mansouri Somayeh , Shahraki Farhad , Sadeghi Jafar , Sardashti Birjandi Mohammad Reza , Koohestanian Esmaeil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, this process has been modeled and optimized using the design of experiment technique and response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM was employed to optimize the combustion process in the cement kiln. Kiln feed (X1 = 160–190 t h−1), fan speed (X2 = 840–870 rpm), kiln rotational speed (X3 = 2.8–3.4 rpm), kiln fuel rate (X4 = 3800–4150 L h−1), calciner fuel rate (X5 = 5700–6200 L h−1), pressure of kiln inlet (X6 = 98–102 Pa), and limestone saturation factor (LSF) (X7 = 94–95.8 %) as independent variables were investigated. The carbon monoxide and the kiln body temperature in RSM were considered as response variables. The absolute average error in the model predictions for the combustion process in the cement kiln, for the kiln body's temperature, is about 1.6 % and for carbon monoxide is about 15.5 %.
Design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of clindamycin derivatives against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains
Authors: Jia Yiduo , Zhang Yinmeng , Zhu Hong , Wang Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur research aims to reduce the bacterial resistance of clindamycin against Gram‐positive bacteria and expand its range of bacterial susceptibility. First, we optimized the structure of clindamycin based on its structure–activity relationship. Second, we employed the fractional inhibitory concentration method to detect drugs suitable for combination with clindamycin derivatives. We then used a linker to connect the clindamycin derivatives with the identified combined therapy drugs. Finally, we tested antibacterial susceptibility testing and conducted in vitro bacterial inhibition activity assays to determine the compounds. with the highest efficacy. The results of our study show that we synthesized clindamycin propionate derivatives and clindamycin homo/heterodimer derivatives, which exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to clindamycin and other antibiotics against both bacteria and fungi. In vitro bacteriostatic activity testing against four types of Gram‐negative bacteria and one type of fungi revealed that all synthesized compounds had bacteriostatic effects at least 1000 times better than clindamycin and sulfonamides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these compounds ranged from 0.25 to 0.0325 mM. Significantly, compound 5a demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity against three distinct bacterial strains, displaying MIC values spanning from 0.0625 to 0.0325 mM. Furthermore, our calculations indicate that compound 5a is safe for cellular use. In conclusion, the synthesized compounds hold great promise in addressing bacterial antibiotic resistance.
Noscapine modulates hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis and hemodynamics: Insights from a zebrafish model investigation
Authors: Nathan Jhansi , Shameera Rabiathul , Sivakumar Kaniha , Rajendran Soundarya , Perumal Elumalai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigated the angiogenesis‐modulating ability of noscapine in vitro using osteosarcoma cell line (MG‐63) and in vivo using a zebrafish model. MTT assay and the scratch wound healing assay were performed on the osteosarcoma cell line (MG‐63) to analyze the cytotoxic effect and antimigrative ability of noscapine, respectively. We also observed the antiangiogenic ability of noscapine on zebrafish embryos by analyzing the blood vessels namely the dorsal aorta, and intersegmental vessels development at 24, 48, and 72 h postfertilization. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the hypoxia signaling molecules' gene expression in MG‐63 cells and zebrafish embryos. The findings from the scratch wound healing demonstrated that noscapine stopped MG‐63 cancer cells from migrating under both hypoxia and normoxia. Blood vessel development and the heart rate in zebrafish embryos were significantly reduced by noscapine under both hypoxia and normoxia which showed the hemodynamics impact of noscapine. Noscapine also downregulated the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induced hypoxic signaling molecules' gene expression in MG‐63 cells and zebrafish embryos. Therefore, noscapine may prevent MG‐63 cancer cells from proliferating and migrating, as well as decrease the formation of new vessels and the production of growth factors linked to angiogenesis in vivo under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Smell throughout the life course
Authors: Poirier Alice C. , Melin Amanda D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sense of smell is an important mediator of health and sociality at all stages of life, yet it has received limited attention in our lineage. Olfaction starts in utero and participates in the establishment of social bonds in children, and of romantic and sexual relationships after puberty. Smell further plays a key role in food assessment and danger avoidance; in modern societies, it also guides our consumer behavior. Sensory abilities typically decrease with age and can be impacted by diseases, with repercussions on health and well‐being. Here, we critically review our current understanding of human olfactory communication to refute outdated notions that our sense of smell is of low importance. We provide a summary of the biology of olfaction, give a prospective overview of the importance of the sense of smell throughout the life course, and conclude with an outline of the limitations and future directions in this field.
In vitro toxicity evaluation in A549 cells of diesel particulate matter from two different particle sampling systems and several resuspension media
Authors: Uski Oskari J. , Rankin Gregory D. , Wingfors Håkan , Magnusson Roger , Boman Christoffer , Muala Ala , Blomberg Anders , Bosson Jenny , Sandström Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn urban areas, inhalation of fine particles from combustion sources such as diesel engines causes adverse health effects. For toxicity testing, a substantial amount of particulate matter (PM) is needed. Conventional sampling involves collection of PM onto substrates by filtration or inertial impaction. A major drawback to those methodologies is that the extraction process can modify the collected particles and alter their chemical composition. Moreover, prior to toxicity testing, PM samples need to be resuspended, which can alter the PM sample even further. Lastly, the choice of the resuspension medium may also impact the detected toxicological responses. In this study, we compared the toxicity profile of PM obtained from two alternative sampling systems, using in vitro toxicity assays. One system makes use of condensational growth before collection in water in an impinger – BioSampler (CG‐BioSampler), and the other, a Dekati® Gravimetric Impactor (DGI), is based on inertial impaction. In addition, various methods for resuspension of DGI collected PM were compared. Tested endpoints included cytotoxicity, formation of cellular reactive oxygen species, and genotoxicity. The alternative collection and suspension methods affected different toxicological endpoints. The water/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture and cell culture medium resuspended particles, along with the CG‐BioSampler sample, produced the strongest responses. The water resuspended sample from the DGI appeared least toxic. CG‐BioSampler collected PM caused a clear increased response in apoptotic cell death. We conclude that the CG‐BioSampler PM sampler is a promising alternative to inertial impaction sampling.