bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible regulation of trehalose metabolism by methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sengupta Shinjinee , Chaudhuri Paramita , Lahiri Sagar , Dutta Trina , Banerjee Shakri , Majhi Ramdhan , Ghosh Anil K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe current study was undertaken to correlate post‐translational protein modification by methylation with the functionality of enzymes involved in trehalose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Trehalose is an economically important disaccharide providing protection against various kinds of stresses. It also acts as a source of cellular energy by storing glucose. Methyl group donor S‐adenosyl L‐methionine (AdoMet) and methylation inhibitor‐oxidized adenosine (AdOx) were used for the methylation study. AdoMet delayed initial growth of the cells but the overall growth rate remained same suggesting its interference in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Metabolic‐altered enzyme activities of acid trehalase (AT), neutral trehalase (NT), and trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (TPS) were observed when treated with AdOx and AdoMet separately. A positive effect of methylation was observed in TPS, hence, it was purified in three different conditions, using AdoMet, AdOx, and control. Differences in mobility of methylated, methylation‐inhibited, and control TPS during acidic native gel electrophoresis confirmed the occurrence of induced methylation. Hydrolysis under alkaline pH conditions revealed that methylation of TPS was different than O‐methylation. MALDI‐TOF analysis of trypsin‐digested samples of purified methylated, methylation‐inhibited, and control TPS revealed that an increase of 18 Da mass in methylated peptides suggesting the introduction of methyl ester in TPS. Results of amino acid analysis corroborated the presence of methyl cysteine. The data presented here strongly suggests that trehalose production was enhanced due to methylation of TPS arising from carboxymethylation of cysteine residues. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 158–164, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective regulation of UGT1A1 and SREBP‐1c mRNA expression by docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids
Authors: Caputo Mariella , Zirpoli Hylde , Torino Gaetano , Tecce Mario Felice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe evaluated, in human cell line HepG2, the action of individual dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the expression of several lipid metabolism genes. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6, n‐3 (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5, n‐3 (EPA), and arachidonic acid, 20:4, n‐6 (AA) were studied alone and with vitamin E (Vit.E). DHA, EPA, and AA down‐regulated mRNAs and encoded proteins of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP‐1c), two major factors involved in unsaturated fatty acids synthesis. DHA affected SREBP‐1c mRNA less markedly than EPA and AA. Vit.E did not affect these products, both when individually added or together with fatty acids. The expression of UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) mRNA, an enzyme of phase II drug metabolism with relevant actions within lipid metabolism, resulted also differentially regulated. DHA did not essentially reduce UGT1A1 mRNA expression while EPA and AA produced a considerable decrease. Nevertheless, when these PUFAs were combined with Vit.E, which by itself did not produce any effect, the result was a reduction of UGT1A1 mRNA with DHA, an increase reverting to basal level with EPA and no variation with AA. Observed regulations did not result to be mediated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR). Our data indicate that major dietary PUFAs and Vit.E are differentially and selectively able to affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The different actions of these slightly different molecules could be associated with their physiological role as relevant nutrient molecules. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 187–193, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The global recession of 2009 in a long‐term development perspective
Authors: Gore Charles 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that the global recession of 2009 marks the ending of a global development cycle which began in the early 1950s. The long‐wave rhythm of production and prices in the global development cycle is generated by the life cycle of investment and innovation during a technological revolution, related changes in supply and demand for natural resources, and inertia and transformation in the socio‐institutional framework within which development takes place. From this perspective, the global recession is interpreted as a blocked structural transition. Whilst failings in the financial system triggered the global financial crisis, that crisis and the recession are more deeply rooted in contradictions in the global development trajectory. A paradigm shift in development theory and practice is a crucial element of the socio‐institutional transformation now necessary to re‐boot the global development cycle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The global financial crisis of 2008–2009: an opportunity for development studies?
Authors: Copestake James 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper draws upon the five other papers presented in this volume, along with other presentations made at the 2009 Development Studies Association Conference, to reflect on the relationship between development studies and the 2008–2009 global financial crisis. It first analyses antecedents to the crisis by relating the papers presented by Gore (on long waves of capitalism) and Fischer (on China's integration into the world economy) to a Polanyian analysis. It then considers immediate policy responses with particular reference to India (based on the conference presentation by Mehrotra), China (based on the paper by de Haan) and the 2009 DFID White Paper. Third, it considers two possible additional sources of finance for developing countries: South Korean aid (discussed by Chun et al.) and new forms of international money (discussed by Hudson). The paper concludes that while the crisis is a reminder of structural global economic interconnectedness a challenge for development studies is to combine this fact with analysis that is also interdisciplinary, multi‐tiered and policy relevant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled atmospheric and land surface dynamics over southeast Australia: a review, analysis and identification of future research priorities
Authors: Evans Jason P. , Pitman Andy J. , Cruz Faye T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe southeastern Australian climate and climate variability is driven primarily by large‐scale climate dynamics. How these dynamics translate into local effects is influenced by the nature of the landscape, the vegetation, soil moisture, fire, snow, irrigation and orography. This local land‐atmosphere coupling can enhance or moderate the large‐scale dynamics and have significant influences locally and regionally. This paper reviews the state of knowledge of the coupled land‐atmosphere dynamics over southeast Australia and identifies the challenges for future research. Relevant processes are investigated and if possible their importance to regional climate is identified. Many coupled land‐atmosphere dynamic processes, identified as important in the Northern Hemisphere studies, remain to be studied in southeast Australia. This represents an important priority for Australian research because this will establish their role in future changes in regional climate over Australia. However, this also represents a significant international priority because the very high natural climate variability in the region provides a laboratory to examine how coupled land‐atmosphere dynamic processes may change in other regions if global warming increases the range of natural variability. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Soil productivity analysis based on a fuzzy logic system
Authors: Duru Nevcihan , Dökmen Funda , Mücella Canbay M , Kurtuluş Cengiz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Maintaining soil productivity is essential if agriculture production systems are to be sustainable. However, there is a paucity of tools for measurement for the purpose of understanding changes in soil productivity. Fuzzy logic‐based analysis offers this possibility. It is a new method on the evaluation of soil productivity in Turkey and even in the world.RESULTS: Values for pH, salinity, carbonate and organic matter were entered into the system as input variables so as to obtain soil productivity as the output. After the membership functions related to input and output were determined, rules were created. Then, the fuzzy logic system was applied separately to pH, salinity, lime and organic matter values of different soil types present in the Kocaeli region with the aim of obtaining corresponding fuzzy values. Thus, soil productivity profiles of the region were deciphered.CONCLUSION: Organic matter levels in the study field remained below 30 g kg−1 and varied between 22 and 28 g kg−1. Productivity values were obtained as a percentage and varied between 16.9% and 18.1%. The lime content of the study soils varied in the range of 33–88 g kg−1. Average totals for salt values of the field changed between 0.58 and 0.77 g kg−1. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Water quality concerns and acceptance of irradiated food: a pilot study on Mexican consumers
Authors: Ibarra Alonso Aguilar , Vargas Armando Sanchez , Nayga Rodolfo M 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Poor quality irrigation water is a major cause of disease transmission for urban inhabitants consuming fresh produce in many developing countries. Irradiation of food is an alternative approach to reducing health risks for consumers, but its implementation depends heavily on consumer acceptance.RESULTS: In this pilot study, we show that most respondents consider the water quality of Mexico City to be poor and a health risk, and would be willing to pay for irradiated food as a means of pasteurizing fresh iceberg lettuce.CONCLUSION: Irradiated food could, potentially, be accepted in developing countries that have problems with water quality. Such acceptance would presumably be due to the perception that such a novel technology would (1) alleviate water impairment, and (2) lead to economic improvement. It is then possible that the public considers that water quality is a more pressing concern than any potential side effects of food irradiation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenolic profile and free radical‐scavenging activity of Cabernet Sauvignon wines of different geographical origins from the Balkan region
Authors: Radovanović Blaga C , Radovanović Aleksandra N , Souquet Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The phenolic profile, determined by the relative proportions of different phenolic compounds, is characteristic for each grape variety and its corresponding wine. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic and hydroxycinnamate acid, flavan‐3‐ol and flavonol contents and free radical‐scavenging activity of single‐cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) wines from selected Balkan vineyard regions by spectrophotometric methods and high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection.RESULTS: The contents of phenolic compounds varied depending on the agroclimatic factors and oenological practices of the vineyard region. The antioxidant activity of wine samples was estimated by their ability to scavenge the stable 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). All wines showed high DPPH‐scavenging activity (70.03–83.53%, mean 73.76%). Significant correlations between catechin (R2 = 0.8504) and quercetin (R2 = 0.8488) concentrations and DPPH‐scavenging ability of the wines were found.CONCLUSION: The concentrations of the main components catechin and quercetin can be used as biochemical markers for the authentication of red grape cultivars and their corresponding single‐cultivar wines. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipid modification of amino acids, carbohydrates and polyols
Authors: Altenbach H.‐J. , Berger M. , Jakob B. , Ihizane R. , Laumen K. , Lange K. , Machmüller G. , Müller S. , Schneider M.P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAgricultural crops provide a considerable reservoir of useful and low cost raw materials like fats and oils, plant proteins and carbohydrates. By selective combination of their molecular constituents (e. g. fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids, saccharides), a wide variety of surface active materials can be prepared. Due to their molecular constitution, all of them are potentially biodegradable. In this article we describe two generally applicable methods for the synthesis of such combination products using fatty acids from plant oils – one of the most important renewable materials as feedstock for the chemical industry – in combination with amino acids and monosaccharides including sugar alcohols. Using the high selectivities displayed by lipases, which catalyze a wide variety of transformations under very mild conditions (pH, temperature) with high atom efficiency in various non‐toxic solvents and without the production of by‐products or waste, numerous useful products can be obtained ranging all the way from surface active compounds (detergents and emulsifiers for food and personal care products) such as mono‐ and diglycerides, sugar esters, synthetic building blocks, products for food and dietary applications, all the way to novel methods for the production of biofuels (biodiesel). In our continuing effort to devise novel and generally applicable methods for the syntheses of such combination products we recently discovered a novel class of building blocks, fatty acid modified anhydrides of hydroxy carboxylic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid and malic acid which led to alternative synthetic approaches towards new classes of the title compounds.
Dietary lipids may protect the retina against age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in the Western World. It is a disease of the retina probably initiated by the highly oxidising environment of this tissue. The Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) demonstrated in 2001 that a supplement of the antioxidants β‐carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and the minerals zinc and copper can slow down the progression of AMD. The use of this supplement should be standard practice in all countries. It is known that the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin and the very long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play special roles in protecting the retina against oxidative damage and there is some evidence from epidemiological studies that these nutrients slow down the progression of AMD. AREDS 2 a randomised controlled trial is testing the ability of DHA, lutein and zeaxanthin to slow down the progression of AMD. Until this study is complete in 2012 AMD patients should consider taking a supplement corresponding to the AREDS 2 formulation as a precaution.
Low pulse energy Nd:YAG laser irradiation exerts a biostimulative effect on different cells of the oral microenvironment: “An in vitro study”
Authors: Chellini Flaminia , Sassoli Chiara , Nosi Daniele , Deledda Cristiana , Tonelli Paolo , Zecchi‐Orlandini Sandra , Formigli Lucia , Giannelli Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDental lasers represent a promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. However, their clinical application remains still limited. Here, we investigated the potential biostimulatory effect of low pulse energy neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on different cells representative of the oral microenvironment and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms.Materials and MethodsSaos‐2 osteoblasts, H‐end endothelial cells, and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts pre‐treated or not with photosensitizing dye methylene blue (MB), were irradiated with low pulse energy (20 mJ) and high repetition rate (50–70 Hz) Nd:YAG laser, and evaluated for cell viability and proliferation as well as for the expression of specific differentiation markers by confocal immunofluorescence and real‐time RT‐PCR. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels after laser exposure were also evaluated in living osteoblasts.ResultsNd:YAG laser irradiation did not affect cell viability in all the tested cell types, even when combined with pre‐treatment with MB, and efficiently stimulated cell growth in the non‐sensitized osteoblasts. Moreover, a significant induction in the expression of osteopontin, ALP, and Runx2 in osteoblasts, type I collagen in fibroblasts, and vinculin in endothelial cells could be observed in the irradiated cells. Pre‐treatment with MB negatively affected cell differentiation in the unstimulated and laser‐stimulated cells. Notably, laser irradiation also caused an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ in osteoblasts through the activation of TRPC1 ion channels. Moreover, the pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of these channels strongly attenuated laser‐induced osteopontin expression, suggesting a role for the laser‐mediated Ca2+ influx in regulating osteoblast differentiation.ConclusionLow pulse energy and high repetition rate Nd:YAG laser irradiation may exert a biostimulative effect on different cells representative of the oral microenvironment, particularly osteoblasts. Pre‐treatment with MB prior to irradiation hampers this effect and limits the potential clinical application of photosensitizing dyes in dental practice. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:527–539, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of low‐level light emitting diode therapy on achilles tendinitis in rats
Authors: Xavier Murilo , David Débora Rodrigues , de Souza Renato Aparecido , Arrieiro Arthur Nascimento , Miranda Humberto , Santana Eduardo Tadeu , Silva José Antonio , Salgado Miguel Angel Castillo , Aimbire Flávio , Albertini Regiane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present study investigated the effects of low‐level light emitting diode (LED) therapy (880 ± 10 nm) on inflammatory process in a experimental model of Achilles tendinitis induced by collagenase.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifty‐six male Wistar were separated into seven groups (n = 8), three groups in the experimental period of 7 days and four groups in the experimental period of 14 days, the control group (CONT), tendinitis group (TEND), LED therapy group (LEDT) for both experimental periods, and LED therapy group 7th to 14th day (LEDT delay) for 14 days experimental period. The LED parameters was 22 mW CW of optical output power, distributed in an irradiation area of 0.5 cm2, with an irradiation time of 170 seconds, the applied energy density was 7.5 J/cm2 in contact. The therapy was initiated 12 hours after the tendinitis induction, with a 48‐hour interval between the irradiations. The histological analysis and inflammatory mediators were quantified.ResultsOur results showed that LED decreases the inflammatory cells influx and mRNA expression to IL‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in both phase, and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) just in initial phase (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory therapy with low‐power LED (880 nm) enhanced the tissue response in all groups. We can conclude that the LED was able to reduce signs of inflammation in collagenase‐induced tendinitis in rats by reducing the number of inflammatory cells and decrease mRNA expression of cytokines. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:553–558, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and histological assessment of low‐level laser therapy in experimental myopathy
Authors: Servetto Natalia , Cremonezzi David , Simes Juan C. , Moya Monica , Soriano Fernando , Palma Jose A. , Campana Vilma R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to study the effect of helium–neon (He–Ne) and gallium–arsenide (Ga–As) laser upon inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress: fibrinogen, nitric oxide (NO), L‐citrulline, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These were evaluated through histological assessment, in rats with experimental myopathy. Materials and Methods: The groups studied were: (A) control, (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He–Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga–As laser, (E) irradiated with He–Ne; and (F) irradiated with Ga–As laser. Myopathy was induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left posterior limb muscle at the same point on 5 consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied with 9.5 J/cm2 daily for 7 consecutive days with each laser. The determination of the biomarkers was made by spectrophotometry. The muscles (5/8, single blinded) were stained with Gomori Trichrome and examined by optic microscopy. The quantitative variables were statistically analyzed by the Fisher's test and categorical data by the Axionvision 4.8 program. Pearson's chi‐squared test was applied, setting significant difference at P < 0.05 for all cases. Results: In group B, the biomarkers were significantly increased compared to the other groups (P < 0.001), except for NO which in group B decreased significantly (P < 0.001). In group B, there was a higher inflammatory infiltration level (80.67%) in relation to destroyed fibers. Conclusions: LLLT caused significant changes in inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress: decreased levels of fibrinogen, L‐citrulline and SOD as opposed to the increase of NO in rats with experimental myopathies and significant muscle recovery. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:577–583, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Visible light‐induced killing of bacteria as a function of wavelength: Implication for wound healing
Authors: Lipovsky Anat , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Gedanken Aharon , Lubart Rachel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and objectiveVisible light (400–800 nm) at high intensity was previously found to kill bacteria that are frequently found in infected wounds, while low‐power white light enhances bacterial proliferation. The phototoxic effect was found to involve induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the bacteria. The aim of the present study was to identify the most effective wavelengths in the visible range for inducing a bactericidal effect.ExperimentalROS production in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as a function of wavelengths in the visible range (400–500, 500–800, 415, and 455 nm) was studied using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping technique. The phototoxicity of 415 and 455 nm light at different fluencies on the survival of S. aureus and E. coli was assessed by colony count of the bacteria following irradiation.ResultsROS production following blue (400–500 nm) light illumination was found to be higher than that of red (500–800 nm). Within the blue range, light of 415 nm induced more ROS than 455 nm, which correlated with results obtained for the reduction in colony count of S. aureus and E. coli following illumination using equal intensities of these two wavelengths. At low fluencies, both 415 and 455 nm enhanced proliferation of S. aureus but reduced viability of E. coli.ConclusionIntense blue light, preferably at 415 nm, could be used for bacterial eradication. However, it should be noted that low intensity of visible light can be dangerous since it may promote proliferation of the microorganisms. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:467–472, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.