bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization Scheme and Chemical Structure of Aromatic Diamine‐Based Polybenzoxazines: New Details
Authors: Gorbunova Ekaterina A. , Shutov Vyacheslav V. , Sirotin Igor S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe article discusses the polymerization scheme of benzoxazine monomer based on 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (P‐ddm) and the chemical structure of polybenzoxazine based on it poly(P‐ddm). The polymerization behavior of benzoxazine P‐ddm is studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solid‐state 13C MAS NMR is used to determine the chemical structure of poly(P‐ddm). It is revealed that the сhemical structure of poly(P‐ddm) predominantly consists not of phenolic Mannich bridges, as expected, but of methylene bridges, which indicates the process of deamination of phenolic Mannich bridges. However, no weight loss associated with the expected release of free amine during this process is detected. This may indicate the incorporation of a diamine moiety into the polymer chain through the formation of imine bonds, the signal of which is detected in the 13C MAS NMR and FTIR spectra of the poly(P‐ddm), and on the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of model polybenzoxazine based on p‐cresol and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane poly(pC‐ddm). Based on the data obtained, a hypothesis is put forward about the formation of a network polymer, the structure of which consists mainly of methylene and imine units.
Recent Advances in Smart Self‐Assembled Bioinspired Hydrogels: A Bridging Weapon for Emerging Health Care Applications from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Ahuja Rishabh , Shivhare Vaibhav , Konar Anita Dutt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive low molecular weight hydrogel interventions for Biomedical challenges are a rapidly evolving paradigm in the bottom‐up approach recently. Peptide‐based self‐assembled nano biomaterials present safer alternatives to their non‐degradable counterparts as demanded for today’s most urged clinical needs.Although a plethora of work has already been accomplished, programming hydrogelators with appropriate functionalities requires a better understanding as the impact of the macromolecular structure of the peptides and subsequently, their self‐assembled nanostructures remain unidentified. Henceforth this review focuses on two aspects: Firstly, the underlying guidelines for building biomimetic strategies to tailor scaffolds leading to hydrogelation along with the role of non‐covalent interactions that are the key components of various self‐assembly processes. In the second section, it is aimed to bring together the recent achievements with designer assembly concerning their self‐aggregation behaviour and applications mainly in the biomedical arena like drug delivery carrier design, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory as well as wound healing materials. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this article will provide a conceptual demonstration of the different approaches taken towards the construction of these task‐specific designer hydrogels. Finally, a collective effort among the material scientists is required to pave the path for the entrance of these intelligent materials into medicine from bench to bedside.
PKP2 induced by YAP/TEAD4 promotes malignant progression of gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Lu Yi , Xing Yuanxin , Zhu Wenshuai , Liu Duanrui , Ma Xiaoli , Wang Yunshan , Jia Yanfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) exhibits significant heterogeneity and its prognosis remains dismal. Therefore, it is essential to investigate new approaches for diagnosing and treating GC. Desmosome proteins are crucial for the advancement and growth of cancer. Plakophilin‐2 (PKP2), a member of the desmosome protein family, frequently exhibits aberrant expression and is strongly associated with many tumor types’ progression. In this study, we found upregulation of PKP2 in GC. Further correlation analysis showed a notable association between increased PKP2 expression and both tumor stage and poor prognosis in individuals diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma. In addition, our research revealed that the Yes‐associated protein1 (YAP1)/TEAD4 complex could stimulate the transcriptional expression of PKP2 in GC. Elevated PKP2 levels facilitate activation of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, thereby promoting the malignant progression of GC. By constructing a mouse model, we ultimately validated the molecular mechanism and function of PKP2 in GC. Taken together, these discoveries suggest that PKP2, as a direct gene target of YAP/TEAD4 regulation, has the potential to be used as an indication of GC progression and prognosis. PKP2 is expected to be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Brassinin alleviates cancer cachexia by suppressing diverse inflammatory mechanisms in mice
Authors: Yang Min Hee , Jung Young Yun , Um Jae‐Young , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer cachexia is a multifactorial condition that contributes to the death of about 20% of cancer patients. It has the potential to cause weight loss, reduction in muscle mass, and loss of fat tissue, significantly lowering the quality of life. Currently, there are no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Here, we have explored the possible impact of brassinin (BSN) on cancer cachexia under in vitro and in vivo settings. After differentiation, C2C12 and 3T3‐L1 cells were incubated with colorectal carcinoma cells conditioned media or BSN. For preclinical studies, mice were injected with HT‐29 cells followed by intraperitoneal administration of BSN, and muscle and adipose tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and hematoxylin and eosin staining. BSN effectively suppressed muscle atrophy by down‐regulating the levels of Muscle RING‐finger protein‐1 and Atrogin‐1, while also increasing the expression of myosin heavy chain in cachexia‐induced‐C2C12 myotubes. The induction of adipogenesis by BSN prevented adipocyte atrophy in cachexia‐induced 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. We also noted that BSN disrupted the interaction between COX‐2 and signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promoter, leading to down‐regulation of STAT3 activation. Moreover, it was found that BSN inhibited weight loss in mice and demonstrated anti‐cachexic effects. Overall, our observations indicate that BSN can attenuate cancer cachexia through diverse mechanisms.
Analysis and design of broadband 2‐W power amplifier based on cascode transistors
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Yuan Yang , Yuan Bin , Tan Cheng , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, a 7–11.5 GHz 2‐W power amplifier (PA) based on cascode transistors is developed using 0.15‐µm GaAs pHEMT. This design facilitates impedance matching in the broadband range by using a cascode structure. A double‐cascode transistors structure is used as a unit cell to combine radio frequency voltage swings to achieve a broad bandwidth (BW). In addition, power synthesis techniques are used to achieve higher power output. Ultimately, based on the above two structures, a four‐way power‐synthesized PA is designed. The fabricated PA shows a peak power of 33.8 dBm at 9 GHz with a power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 43%. The output power is higher than 32 dBm at frequencies from 6 to 11.5 GHz with a PAE of more than 25%. The fractional 3‐dB output power BW is 80%. The chip area is 3.6 × 1.8 mm2, including the input and output test pads.
Hydromechanical analysis of slurry infiltration with coupled CFD–DEM method
Authors: Cheng Yang , Wang Tuo , Wang Pei , Qin Su , Zhou Wan‐Huan , Yin Zhen‐Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe tunnel face stability is closely related to the migration behavior and clogging mechanism of the slurry particles in granular soils, which is not yet fully understood. In this study, the coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) is adopted to investigate the infiltration behavior of slurry at the particle scale. The full Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) contact model describing interparticle behavior that accounts for cohesion present even when particles are microseparated after collisions is adopted for clay‐clay or clay‐sand particles and the Hertz–Mindlin model is used for sand‐sand particles. Through simulations, the mechanism of the slurry particle's blockage is identified as physical, frictional and cohesive modes, and slurry particle migration usually undergoes the process of aggregation‐destruction‐migration‐reassembly. Meanwhile, the influences of pressure, cohesive force, and particle shape on infiltration are also analyzed. The results indicate that high pressure lengthens the infiltration path and increases the infiltration rate. The increase in cohesion enhances the effective clogging of the sand column by the slurry, and particles with smaller sphericity are more likely to clog in the sand column. These findings may enhance our understanding of the slurry infiltration mechanism and its practical application in TBM tunneling.
A decoupled probabilistic constrained topology optimization method based on the constraint shift
Authors: Li Kangjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopology optimization (TO) has recently emerged as an advanced design method. To ensure practical reliability in the design process, it is imperative to incorporate considerations of uncertainty. Consequently, performing reliability analysis (RA) during the design phase becomes necessary. However, RA itself constitutes an optimization problem. Combining these two optimization problems can result in inefficiency. To address this challenge, we propose a decoupled approach that integrates deterministic topology optimization (DTO) and RA cycles. The reliability‐based stress‐constrained TO (RBSCTO) problem is considered in this paper. The DTO constraint is derived based on shifting vectors derived from the previous cycle's RA outcomes, enabling low‐reliability constraint shift towards the feasible direction. The DTO is solved based on solid‐isotropic‐material‐with‐penalization (SIMP) and augmented Lagrangian method. Meanwhile, the optimization problem in RA is addressed using finite differences and the interior point method. To reduce the errors resulting from linear approximation and optimization in RA when the target reliability is very low, an outlier handling method is employed. Meantime, we utilize a probabilistic neural network to enhance the efficiency of reliability assessment. Comparative studies against traditional methods across four RBSCTO tasks are demonstrated to validate its effectiveness. Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the reliability of results.
Validation of a PHIS Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Cohort in ICD‐10
Authors: Lawlor Claire M. , Kamran Ali , Bennett John , Behzadpour Hengameh , Pattisapu Prasanth , Zendejas Benjamin , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveValidation of a contemporary International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) congenital esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal atresia (EA/TEF) cohort in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.Study DesignDatabase study, validation.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsSearch methods used to validate an ICD‐9‐CM EA/TEF cohort in PHIS were modified for ICD‐10‐CM. A retrospectively and prospectively maintained clinical database at a single high‐volume EA/TEF center was used for comparison. Patients treated between October 1, 2015 and July 31, 2022 were included. Searches progressively narrowed the cohort by ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes, expansion to include incorrectly coded as ‘iatrogenic, age less than 30 days, and use of at least 1 ICD‐10‐CM procedure code. Results of PHIS data and institution data were compared for accuracy.ResultsThe most refined search of PHIS and the EA/TEF clinical database yielded 93 and 84 patients, respectively. The sensitivity was 99% and positive predictive value was 94%. A PHIS search using these methods and encompassing 49 children's hospitals yielded an EA/TEF cohort of 2479 patients.ConclusionWe present a validated search method in the PHIS database to identify a high‐fidelity cohort of EA/TEF patients for multi‐institutional study. We have demonstrated that a carefully maintained clinical database may be used to validate cohorts in PHIS. This cohort allows for improved practice variability and outcomes study of EA/TEF patients. Similar methods may be employed to generate other rare disease cohorts in PHIS.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Comparing Approaches for Repair of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Tooker Evan L. , Hamilton Christopher A. , Takkoush Samira , Espahbodi Mana , Patel Neil S. , Gurgel Richard K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveCompare outcomes for subjects who underwent middle cranial fossa (MCF) or transmastoid (TM) repair of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingQuaternary‐care, academic neurotology practice.MethodsSubjects who underwent MCF or TM repair of SSCD between December 1999 and April 2023 were identified. Main outcome measures included demographic data, length of surgery and hospital stay, clinical presentation, and audiometric testing.ResultsNinety‐three subjects (97 ears) who underwent surgery for SSCD met inclusion criteria: 58.8% (57) via MCF, 39.2% (38) via TM, and 2.0% (2) via TM + MCF. Median operative time was shorter for the TM (35) compared to the MCF (29) approach (118 vs 151 minutes, P < .001). Additionally, median hospital stays were shorter for TM (36) compared to the MCF (56) approach (15.3 vs 67.7 hours, P < .001). Overall, 92% (49/53) of MCF and 92% (33/36) of TM surgeries resulted in an improvement or resolution of one or more symptoms (P = .84). There was no significant preoperative to postoperative change in the median air conduction pure‐tone average (PTA), air‐bone gap, or word recognition score in both the MCF and TM groups (P > .05). Improvements of >10 dB in the pre‐ to postoperative absolute change in bone conduction PTA were noted in 3 subjects in the MCF group and 4 subjects in the TM group (P = .49).ConclusionThe TM approach for SSCD demonstrates shorter operative times and length of hospital stay. The TM and MCF approaches have comparable audiometric and clinical outcomes.
Practical design of an optical filter for thermal management of photovoltaic modules
Authors: Lizcano Juan Camilo Ortiz , Kaaya Ismail , Ziar Hesan , da Silva Patricia Seoane , Zhou Yilong , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents a practical approach to designing an optical filter for thermal management for photovoltaic modules. The approach emphasizes the practicality of manufacturing over optical performance. Simulation work demonstrates that, for an interdigitated back contact solar cell architecture, complete rejection of infrared radiation offers limited thermal benefits requiring highly complex optical filter designs. An alternative approach consists of reducing thermalization losses by providing reflectance at lower wavelength values. An optical filter design that fulfills this requirement is possible using simple structures based on two materials and taking advantage of the harmonics present in quarter wavelength optical thickness designs. The filter is later optimized for angular performance via second‐order algorithms, resulting in a device consisting of only 15 thin‐film layers. Performance simulations on two locations, Delft (the Netherlands) and Singapore, estimate a temperature reduction of 2.20°C and 2.45°C, respectively. In a single year, the optical loss produced by the filter is not compensated via temperature reduction. However, improvements in the annual degradation rate show that in Singapore, the overall effect of the filter on the lifetime DC energy yield is positive.
Effects of oral administration of nonselective Trk inhibitor on bladder overactivity in rodent models of prostatic inflammation
Authors: Igarashi Taro , Mizoguchi Shinsuke , Matsuoka Kanako , Kamijo Tadanobu , Kawano Shota , Furuta Akira , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Kimura Takahiro , Pascal Laura E. , Wang Zhou , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur research focused on the assessment of the impact of systemic inhibition of Trk receptors, which bind to nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on bladder hypersensitivity in two distinct rodent models of prostatic inflammation (PI).MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 6 each): the control group (no PI, vehicle administration), the untreated group (PI, vehicle administration), and the treated group (PI, nonselective Trk inhibitor, GNF 5837, administration). PI in rats was induced by a intraprostatic injection of 5% formalin. Posttreatment, we carried out conscious cystometry and a range of histological and molecular analyses. Moreover, the study additionally evaluated the effects of a nonselective Trk inhibitor on bladder overactivity in a mouse model of PI, which was induced by prostate epithelium‐specific conditional deletion of E‐cadherin.ResultsThe rat model of PI showed upregulations of NGF and BDNF in both bladder and prostate tissues in association with bladder overactivity and inflammation in the ventral lobes of the prostate. GNF 5837 treatment effectively mitigated these PI‐induced changes, along with reductions in TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and TRPV1 mRNA expressions in L6‐S1 dorsal root ganglia. Also, in the mouse PI model, GNF 5837 treatment similarly improved bladder overactivity.ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that Trk receptor inhibition, which reduced bladder hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses in the prostate, along with a decrease in overexpression of Trk and TRPV1 receptors in sensory pathways, could be an effective treatment strategy for male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with PI and bladder overactivity.
AlgoRitmo Literacies In Gaming: Leveraging Chicanx Praxis To Reimagine AI Systems
Authors: Cortez Arturo , Lizárraga José Ramón , Rivero Edward 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThis article reports on findings from a social design‐based study conducted with an intergenerational group of youth, educators and researchers participating in the Learning to Transform (LiTT) Gaming Lab. We advance the notion of AlgoRitmo Literacies, to highlight the ingenuity of youth and educators as they used a tool called Character AI to author lore emerging within a virtual city called LiTT City. We conceptualize AlgoRitmo—a play on the word algorithm—as part inquiry and reflection (the algo or “something” of AI tools), and part action and future‐oriented (ritmo as in movement). Inspired by cosmogonies influenced by Coyolxauhqui, the fragmented Aztec moon goddess, this paper illustrates how young people reconfigure AI artifacts, reshape relationships with AI‐governed non‐playable characters, and repurpose AI tools to envision alternative futures and identities. In identifying AlgoRitmo Literacies, we provide examples of how ChicanX communities subvert ideologies embedded in AI through creative and ingenious interventions in video games and the construction of cyborg Chicanx subjectivities. This paper offers implications for how educators across content areas can leverage gaming, and AI tools, toward consequential literacy development.
Dual‐Site Doping in Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Enables High‐Voltage Stability of Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Lijue , Chen Weixin , Zhang Hehe , Lu Xia , Zou Lianfeng , Lu Jun , Pan Huilin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigning cathode materials that effectively enhancing structural stability under high voltage is paramount for rationally enhancing energy density and safety of Na‐ion batteries. This study introduces a novel P2‐Na0.73K0.03Ni0.23Li0.1Mn0.67O2 (KLi‐NaNMO) cathode through dual‐site synergistic doping of K and Li in Na and transition metal (TM) layers. Combining theoretical and experimental studies, this study discovers that Li doping significantly strengthens the orbital overlap of Ni (3d) and O (2p) near the Fermi level, thereby regulates the phase transition and charge compensation processes with synchronized Ni and O redox. The introduction of K further adjusts the ratio of Nae and Naf sites at Na layer with enhanced structural stability and extended lattice space distance, enabling the suppression of TM dissolution, achieving a single‐phase transition reaction even at a high voltage of 4.4 V, and improving reaction kinetics. Consequently, KLi‐NaNMO exhibits a high capacity (105 and 120 mAh g−1 in the voltage of 2–4.2 V and 2–4.4 V at 0.1 C, respectively) and outstanding cycling performance over 300 cycles under 4.2 and 4.4 V. This work provides a dual‐site doping strategy to employ synchronized TM and O redox with improved capacity and high structural stability via electronic and crystal structure modulation.
Boron‐Nitrogen‐Edged Biomass‐Derived Carbon: A Multifunctional Approach for Colorimetric Detection of H2O2, Flame Retardancy, and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Baye Anteneh F. , Abebe Medhen W. , Kim Hern 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnhancing the concentration and type of nitrogen (N) dopants within the Sp2‐carbon domain of carbon recycled from biomass sources is an efficient approach to mimic CNT, GO, and rGO to activate oxidants such as H2O2, excluding toxic chemicals and limiting reaction steps. However, monitoring the kind and concentration of N species in the Sp2‐C domain is unlikely with thermal treatments only. A high temperature for graphitization reduces N moieties, leading to low electron density. This inhibits H2O2 adsorption and activation on catalyst surfaces. In this study, coffee waste (CW) is converted into B, N‐doped biochar (BXNbY) using boric acid‐assisted pyrolysis (H3BO3 mass = X and carbonization temperature = Y) under N2 to overcome the challenge. The B dopant regulates the concentration and type of N, provides Lewis's acid sites, and converts graphitic‐N to pyridine‐N in BXNbY. The optimized B3Nb900 exhibits excellent colorimetric sensing performance toward H2O2 with a low detection limit (36.9 nM) and high selectivity in the presence of many interferences and milk samples due to high pyridinic‐N and Sp2 domain sizes. Interestingly, B enhances other properties of N‐containing CW‐derived carbon and introduces self‐extinguishing and tribopositive properties. Hence, BXNbY‐coated polyurethane foam shows excellent flame retardancy and energy harvesting performance.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Polymer‐Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yahan , Zhang Ming , Song Haiqin , Dai Qiong , Liu Chaoyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRibonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment‐responsive polymer‐based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.