bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elementary Errors: Philosophers, Idolaters, and τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου in Paul and Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Hirsch Brayden 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Historically, interpreters of Gal. 4 have found the literal sense of τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, “the elements of the world” to be unintelligible in context. Although a compelling Pauline vision of enslavement to these στοιχεῖα has remained elusive, this paper argues that it is possible to recapture that vision with recourse to the traditional usage of the phrase in ancient Greek philosophical literature. By examining one of the earliest extant quotations of Gal. 4 – i.e., that of Clement of Alexandria in his Protrepticus (c.190 CE) – and the philosophical language with which Clement associates Paul’s στοιχεῖα, this paper argues that Paul uses the phrase τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου according to its meaning in the ancient philosophical Sondersprache. Because an ambiguity between matter and divinity already characterized ancient philosophical thought about στοιχεῖα, Paul’s “elements” need not be either “cosmological” or “principial” (as most previous interpreters have thought), but both.
Climate Communication with Chinese Youth by Chinese Nongovernmental Organizations: A Case Study of Chinese Weather Enthusiasts on Bilibili
Authors: Che ShaoPeng , Kuang Kai , Liu Shujun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly played pivotal roles in shaping climate agendas and mobilizing individuals to engage in environmental initiatives. However, the nature of NGOs’ online interaction with users, especially in developing countries, remains largely unexplored. This study focused on the dynamics of engagement between a Chinese NGO, Chinese Weather Enthusiasts (CWE), and Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili. The research comprised two main components. First, named entity recognition was employed to analyze weather-related terms in CWE’s posts on Bilibili and dynamic topic modeling was utilized to uncover shifts in thematic focus. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and negative binomial regression were employed to investigate the correlation between weather types and user engagement metrics. The study unveiled two noteworthy findings: first, CWE posts are closely linked to short-term weather, providing timely content that may meet the public’s demand for climate information. Second, the engagement of Chinese youth users is not affected by extreme weather types. Future research should continue to elucidate strategies that NGOs can employ to enhance online engagement among youth users.

Significance Statement
This study seeks to contribute to the current literature of climate communication by investigating how NGOs engage with Chinese youth on social media, an area that has received scant attention thus far. Focusing on an influential Chinese climate NGO, CWE, and its interactions with Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili, this research sheds lights on strategies to communicate information related to extreme weather to this demographic. Examining factors that influence online user engagement offers both theoretical insights about the mechanisms of climate communication and practical implications for NGOs and policymakers to mobilize youth for environmental initiatives. The findings also underscore the importance of tailoring climate communication to align with the daily experiences of the target audience and public-centric approaches in climate communication strategies.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Breast Cancer Patients With Multi-Organ Metastases: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Database
Authors: Huang Xiao , Xu An , Xu Xiangnan , Luo Zhou , Li Chunlian , Wang Xueying , Fu Deyuan 
Published: May 2024

Background Multi-organ metastases represent a substantial life-threatening risk for breast cancer (BC) patients. Nonetheless, the current dearth of assessment tools for patients with multi-organ metastatic BC adversely impacts their evaluation. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of BC patients with multi-organ metastases using data from the SEER database from 2010 to 2019. The patients were randomly allocated into a training cohort and a validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate COX regression analysis, the LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors in the training set. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to estimate overall survival (OS) probability for BC patients with multi-organ metastases. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using C-indexes, ROC curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA) curves, and the risk classification system for validation. Results A total of 3626 BC patients with multi-organ metastases were included in the study, with 2538 patients in the training cohort and 1088 patients in the validation cohort. Age, grade, metastasis location, surgery, chemotherapy, and subtype were identified as significant independent prognostic factors for OS in BC patients with multi-organ metastases. A nomogram for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS was constructed. The evaluation metrics, including C-indexes, ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves, demonstrated the excellent predictive performance of the nomogram. Additionally, the risk grouping system effectively stratified BC patients with multi-organ metastases into distinct prognostic categories. Conclusion The developed nomogram showed high accuracy in predicting the survival probability of BC patients with multi-organ metastases, providing valuable information for patient counseling and treatment decision making.
Lateral Pelvis and Lumbar Motion in Seated and Standing Office Work and Their Association With Transient Low Back Pain
Authors: Davidson Jessa M. , Zehr Jackie D. , Noguchi Mamiko , Fok Donna J. , Tennant Liana M. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: May 2024

Objective To assess frontal plane motion of the pelvis and lumbar spine during 2 h of seated and standing office work and evaluate associations with transient low back pain. Background Although bending and twisting motions are cited as risk factors for low back injuries in occupational tasks, few studies have assessed frontal plane motion during sedentary exposures. Methods Twenty-one participants completed 2 h of seated and standing office work while pelvic obliquity, lumbar lateral bending angles, and ratings of perceived low back pain were recorded. Mean absolute angles were compared across 15-min blocks, amplitude probability distribution functions were calculated, and associations between lateral postures and low back pain were evaluated. Results Mean pelvic obliquity (sit = 4.0 ± 2.8°, stand = 3.5 ± 1.7°) and lumbar lateral bending (sit = 4.5 ± 2.5°, stand = 4.1 ± 1.6°) were consistently asymmetrical. Pelvic obliquity range of motion was 4.7° larger in standing (13.6 ± 7.5°) than sitting (8.9 ± 8.7°). In sitting, 52% (pelvis) and 71% (lumbar) of participants, and in standing, 71% (pelvis and lumbar) of participants, were considered asymmetric for >90% of the protocol. Lateral postures displayed weak to low correlations with peak low back pain ( R ≤ 0.388). Conclusion The majority of participants displayed lateral asymmetries for the pelvis and lumbar spine within 5° of their upright standing posture. Application In short-term sedentary exposures, associations between lateral postures and pain indicated that as the range in lateral postures increases there may be an increased possibility of pain.
A randomized trial of the inflammatory cytokines levels and the blood transfusion rate between miniaturized tubing group and conventional tubing group in congenital heart disease open heart surgeries
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Meng Baoying , Li Gefei , Zhou Xing , Zhang Sheshe , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2024

Introduction We aimed to compare the inflammatory cytokines levels of the miniaturized and conventional extracorporeal circuit system. The miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system may be fewer possible inflammation-induced or blood transfusion-related complications. Methods We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 101 patients undergoing congenital heart surgery with CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass, weight ≤15 kg, age ≤2 years). Patients were divided into two different CPB groups randomly by random data form. Blood samples at five different time points and the ultrafiltration fluid before and after CPB were collected in all patients. IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha were respectively tested with Abcam ELISA kit. Results The IL-6 level of blood serum in two groups had no statistical differences between the two groups at all time points. The IL-8 level of blood serum in two groups had no statistical differences right after anesthesia and 5 min after CPB. However, IL-8 level was significantly higher in conventional extracorporeal circuit group than that in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after CPB. Blood serum TNF alpha in conventional extracorporeal circuit group was significantly higher at 6 h after CPB than that in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group. No statistical differences in TNF alpha were found between two groups right after anesthesia and at 5 min after CPB, 12 h and 24 h after CPB. In ultrafiltration fluid, no statistical differences were found in IL-6, IL-8 nor TNF alpha between two groups in all time. No statistical differences were found in ICU (intensive care unit) stay and mechanical ventilation time between the two groups. The blood transfusion rate was significantly lower in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group. Conclusion Implementing the miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system could decrease the inflammatory cytokines at a certain level. The blood transfusion rate is significantly lower in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group This indicates the miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system might be a safer CPB strategy with fewer possible inflammation-induced or blood transfusion-related complications.
Field measurement of track vibration induced by full-load and empty-load condition in curve section of underground metro line
Authors: Shen Longjiang , He Shizhong , Lai Xinsheng , Liu Qingjie 
Published: May 2024

In order to compare the differences in vibration before and after wheel re-profiling and assess the vibration impact of train under full-load and empty-load condition, the field vibration measurement was conducted on an underground metro track components (including rail, sleeper, and track-bed) by using a specific testing car. The results indicate that wheel re-profiling is effective in reducing track vibration, within the frequency range of 31.5–1250 Hz, the vibration acceleration levels of the track after wheel re-profiling were notably lower than those prior to re-profiling and the vibration acceleration levels of the rail, sleeper, and track-bed decrease by 4.7 dB, 6.6 dB, and 6.7 dB, respectively. In the frequency domain, the characteristic peak frequencies of the three track components, whether under full load or empty load, align closely with the frequencies associated with track irregularities. Full-load condition primarily affects the vibration acceleration at lower frequencies, with minor influence on higher frequencies. The vibration acceleration levels of all three track components are higher under full load than empty load. Additionally, under full-load condition, the transmission loss from the rail to the sleeper increases, while the transmission loss from the sleeper to the ballast remains nearly constant. The results of vibration acceleration levels obtained from routine vehicle operations validate the limited impact of axle load on track components vibration.
Children With Cerebral Palsy’s Experiences With Adaptive Climbing: A Qualitative Study on Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Weinstock-Zlotnick Gwen , Wolff Aviva , Potter Gillian , Robbins Laura 
Published: May 2024

Background: Interest in adaptive sports for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is growing, but current evidence on the benefits and indications for one sport, adaptive climbing, is limited. Purpose: We sought to describe perceived changes observed by parents of children with CP who participated in adaptive climbing. Methods: Parents whose children with CP participated in 5 or more adaptive climbing sessions were eligible to participate and were emailed a recruitment letter and flyer. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using a moderator guide. Interviews were transcribed and content analyzed, with data grouped into concepts, categories, and themes until data saturation. Results: Ten parents (9 mothers, 1 father) of 10 children with CP (5 girls, 5 boys; ages 7 to 19 years) were interviewed for 15 to 45 minutes each, yielding 4 themes. First, parents perceived that adaptive climbing challenged the children physically (in reach, balance, strength, and head/neck and lower limb motion); second, that it sharpened children’s cognitive skills (in focus, problem-solving, and strategic thinking); third, that it raised children’s confidence (socially, physically, and emotionally); and fourth, that it expanded children’s sense of what they could do (in mastering a challenge, claiming an athletic identity, and participating in a sport like their peers). Conclusions: In this qualitative study, parents described physical, cognitive, and psychosocial benefits of adaptive climbing for their children with CP. These descriptions can be used to inform future studies of children with CP who participate in adaptive climbing.
Utilizing Agent-Based Modeling for Optimization of Wayfinding in Hospital: A Case Study
Authors: Khasraghi Gisou Salkhi , Nejat Ali 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This research aims to propose a novel methodology for analyzing and optimizing wayfinding in complex environments by examining their spatial configurations. Background: Wayfinding difficulties often lead to disorientation and hinder users’ ability to locate destinations. Although architectural design can aid in simplifying user access, existing approaches lack a specific focus on wayfinding optimization despite its significant impact on users’ navigational abilities. Methods: In this study, an agent-based model was employed to assess the efficacy of wayfinding in a multistory hospital. Subsequently, the layouts were optimized, leading to the creation of a new space distribution diagram. The simulation was then repeated to examine the potential improvement in wayfinding. Data collection encompassed user types, workflow scenarios, population distribution, and user speed. Results: Comparative analysis of the agent-based simulation findings before and after layout optimization revealed a decrease in total distance and time spent on the modified floor plans for all users when compared to the existing layout. This suggests that the optimized layout holds significant potential for enhancing wayfinding performance. Given the positive outcomes observed for users, this approach is particularly well suited for preliminary design stages of complex environments, where designations among user groups are less crucial or flexibility is desired. Additional advantages include the ability to generate a comprehensive simulation of users’ daily workflow, which is integrated into the optimization process and considers specific requirements regarding spatial adjacency.
Embracing digital health: German otolaryngology patients’ usage and prospects of digital information and communication technologies for cross-sectoral care
Authors: Holderried Martin , Hoeper Ansgar , Stauss Leonie , Holderried Friederike , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Kestler Hans A , Ernst Christian , Baerhold Friederike , Becker Sven 
Published: May 2024

Objective The usage of digital information and communication technologies in European healthcare is growing. Unlike numerous technological possibilities, the present use of these technologies and perspectives towards them in relation to otolaryngology care have so far been of less interest. This study evaluates the utilisation of and attitudes towards digital information and communication technologies in cross-sectoral otolaryngology care among German patients. Methods A structured interview-based study was conducted at the outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital in Germany. It focused on chief complaints, current use of digital technologies, estimated benefits of increased digital technology use in otolaryngology care, and sociodemographic data. The detailed statistical analysis employed Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 208 otolaryngology patients completed the interview. Digital communication technologies exhibited a high penetration rate (91.8%) and were regularly used in daily life (78.7%) and for health reasons (73.3%). Younger age ( p ≤ 0.003) and higher education levels ( p ≤ 0.008) were significantly correlated with the increased digital communication technology use. The overall potential of eHealth technologies was rated significantly higher by younger patients ( p ≤ 0.001). The patients’ chief complaints showed no significant influence on the current and potential use of these technologies for cross-sectoral otolaryngology care. Conclusion Regardless of their chief complaints, German otolaryngology patients regularly use digital information and communication technologies for health reasons and express interest in their further use for cross-sectoral care. To enhance digital patient communication in otolaryngology, attention should be given to treatment quality, usability, data security and availability and financial remuneration for service providers.
Discovery, development, and deployment of a user-centered point-of-care digital information system to treat and track hypertension and diabetes patients under India Hypertension Control Initiative 2019–2022, India
Authors: Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Bhatnagar Aarti , Burka Daniel , Durgad Kiran , Krishna Ashish , Das Bidisha , Chandak Mahima , Sharma Meenakshi , Shivasankar Roopa , Pathni Anupam Khungar , Kunwar Abhishek , Kaur Prabhdeep 
Published: May 2024

Background Hypertension affects 28.5% of Indians aged 18–69. Real-time registration and follow-up of persons with hypertension are possible with point-of-care digital information systems. We intend to describe herein the experiences of discovering, developing, and deploying a point-of-care digital information system for public health facilities under the India Hypertension Control Initiative. Methods We have adopted an agile and user-centered approach in each phase in selected states of India since 2017. A multidisciplinary team adopted a hybrid approach with quantitative and qualitative methods, such as contextual inquiries, usability testing, and semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers, to document and monitor utility and usability. Results During the discovery phase, we adopted a storyboard technique to understand the requirement of a digital information system. The participatory approach in discovery phase co-designed the information system with the nurses and doctors at Punjab state of India. Simple, which is the developed information system, has a front-end Android mobile application for healthcare workers and a backend dashboard for program managers. As of October 2022, over 24,31,962 patients of hypertension and 8,99,829 diabetes were registered in the information system of 10,017 health facilities. The median duration of registering a new patient was 50 seconds, and for recording a follow-up visit was 14 seconds in the app. High satisfaction was reported in 100 app users’ quarterly interviews. Conclusion Simple was implemented by administering a user-centered approach and agile techniques. It demonstrated high utility and usability among users, highlighting the benefits of a user-centered approach for effective digital health solutions.
Biomechanical Comparison of Short-, Mid-, and Long-Length Proximal Femoral Nails for Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture (AO/OTA 31A3.3) Fixation
Authors: Ando Jiro , Takahashi Tsuneari , Matsumura Tomohiro , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: May 2024

Introduction In surgeries for unstable AO/OTA 31A3.3 fractures, surgeons use various lengths of intramedullary nails (IMNs). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the appropriate nail length for these fractures. This study compared the biomechanical properties of IMNs of different lengths for AO/OTA 31A3.3 fractures. Methods 30 synthetic femora of AO/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model were randomly assigned to the following three groups: short- (170 mm), mid- (235 mm), and long-length (300 mm) nail groups, and were performed fixation surgery. The translation patterns of the constructs were examined by cyclic testing and compared among three groups. Additionally, changes in the neck–shaft and shaft–nail angles after cyclic testing were evaluated using radiological images. Results The translation patterns during cyclic loading did not differ among the groups. Conversely, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in the neck–shaft angle change (5.8° ± 1.8°, 2.8° ± 1.3°, and 1.9° ± .9° in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P < .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Furthermore, one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the shaft–nail angle change (3.1° ± 2.1°, 1.4° ± 1.4°, and .1° ± .6° in the short-, mid-, and long-length groups, respectively; P < .001), and post-hoc analysis revealed that the change was greater in the short-length group than in the mid- and long-length groups ( P = .044 and P < .001, respectively). Conclusions Short-length nails were associated with relevant changes in the neck–shaft and shaft–nail angles in our AO/OTA 31A3.3 fracture model. Thus, the selection of mid- or long-length nails instead of short-length nails might be better in IMN surgery for these fractures to prevent postoperative varus deformity.
Magnetic cobalt metal organic framework for photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen evolution
Authors: Razeghi Mohammad Hossein , Gholipour Ozra , Sardroodi Jaber J. , Keshipour Sajjad , Hassanzadeh Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing water as a renewable and safe energy source for hydrogen generation has reduced the need to use toxic fossil fuels. Photocatalytic approaches provide a worthy solution to avoid the high expenditure on complicated electrochemical pathways to promote Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. However, several types of photocatalysts including noble metal-based catalysts have already been in use for this purpose, which are generally considered high-cost as well. The present study aims to use the benefits of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with semiconductor-like characteristics, highly porous structures and high design flexibility. These properties of MOFs allow more efficient and effective mass transport as well as exposure to light.in this paper, using MOF technology and benefiting from the characteristics of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalyst support for more efficient separation of catalyst, we have synthesized a novel composite. Our proposed photocatalyst demonstrates efficient harvest of light in all wavelengths from UV to visible to generate electron/hole pairs suitable for water splitting with a turnover frequency of 0.222 h−1 at ambient conditions without requiring any additives.
Graphical abstract