bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach of dynamic monitoring of 5‐day snow cover extent and snow depth based on MODIS and AMSR‐E data from Northern Xinjiang region
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhang Xuetong , Liang Tiangang , Xie Hongjie , Wang Xianwei , Feng Qisheng , Chen Quangong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTaking the Northern Xinjiang region as an example, we develop a snow depth model by using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) horizontal and vertical polarization brightness temperature difference data of 18 and 36 GHz bands and in situ snow depth measurements from 20 climatic stations during the snow seasons November–March) of 2002–2005. This article proposes a method to produce new 5‐day snow cover and snow depth images, using Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products and AMSR‐E snow water equivalent and daily brightness temperature products. The results indicate that (1) the brightness temperature difference (Tb18h–Tb36h) provides the most accurate and precise prediction of snow depth; (2) the snow, land and overall classification accuracies of the new images are separately 89.2%, 77.7% and 87.2% and are much better than those of AMSR‐E or MODIS products (in all weather conditions) alone; (3) the snow classification accuracy increases as snow depth increases; and (4) snow accuracies for different land cover types vary as 88%, 92.3%, 79.7% and 80.1% for cropland, grassland, shrub, and urban and built‐up, respectively. We conclude that the new 5‐day snow cover–snow depth images can provide both accurate cloud‐free snow cover extent and the snow depth dynamics, which would lay a scientific basis for water management and prevention of snow‐related disasters in this dry and cold pastoral area. After validations of the algorithms over other regions with different snow and climate conditions, this method would also be used for monitoring snow cover and snow depth elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION OF THE EVALUE MODEL FOR ESTIMATING MANNING'S ROUGHNESS IN FURROW IRRIGATION
Authors: Etedali Hadi Ramezani , Liaghat Abdolmajid , Abbasi Fariborz 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTManning's roughness coefficient is a key parameter in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation. Despite its importance, estimation of this parameter in surface irrigation is difficult, particularly in furrow irrigation. In this study, the EVALUE model was used for estimating Manning's roughness coefficient in furrow irrigation. The EVALUE model is based on volume balance and has been developed for estimating Manning's roughness coefficient in surface irrigation. EVALUE estimates both infiltration parameters and Manning's roughness coefficient simultaneously. The main input for the model is depth of flow along the furrow at different times. Evaluation of EVALUE was performed by comparing measured and simulated advance and recession data using SIRMOD software. The estimated values of Manning's roughness coefficient ranged between 0.02 and 0.102. The estimated values of Manning's roughness coefficient by EVALUE were somewhat different from the suggested SCS values, particularly during the first irrigation, but comparable with the results shown by other studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone microarchitecture assessed by TBS predicts osteoporotic fractures independent of bone density: The manitoba study
Authors: Hans Didier , Goertzen Andrew L , Krieg Marc-Antoine , Leslie William D 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The measurement of BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the “gold standard” for diagnosing osteoporosis but does not directly reflect deterioration in bone microarchitecture. The trabecular bone score (TBS), a novel gray-level texture measurement that can be extracted from DXA images, correlates with 3D parameters of bone microarchitecture. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of lumbar spine TBS to predict future clinical osteoporotic fractures. A total of 29,407 women 50 years of age or older at the time of baseline hip and spine DXA were identified from a database containing all clinical results for the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Health service records were assessed for the incidence of nontraumatic osteoporotic fracture codes subsequent to BMD testing (mean follow-up 4.7 years). Lumbar spine TBS was derived for each spine DXA examination blinded to clinical parameters and outcomes. Osteoporotic fractures were identified in 1668 (5.7%) women, including 439 (1.5%) spine and 293 (1.0%) hip fractures. Significantly lower spine TBS and BMD were identified in women with major osteoporotic, spine, and hip fractures (all p &lt; 0.0001). Spine TBS and BMD predicted fractures equally well, and the combination was superior to either measurement alone (p &lt; 0.001). Spine TBS predicts osteoporotic fractures and provides information that is independent of spine and hip BMD. Combining the TBS trabecular texture index with BMD incrementally improves fracture prediction in postmenopausal women. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
UV Index experimental values on vertical surfaces
Authors: Utrillas M. P. , Martínez‐Lozano J. A. , Esteve A. R. , Serrano D. , Marín M. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUV erythemal irradiance (UVER) has been studied on a horizontal plane and on vertical surfaces with different orientations in Valencia, Spain. The evolution of the solar noon value and the maximum daily value over a year has been analysed from the instantaneous UVER taken every five minutes on the horizontal plane and on vertical surfaces with north, south, east and west orientations. The annual evolution of these values shows a sinusoidal form for all planes except for the vertical south plane with maxima in spring and autumn. The UV Index (UVI) on these planes was also determined. The percentage of coincidence of the UVI at solar noon and of the maximum daily UVER values, considering differences of 1 or 0 units, is 87% on the horizontal plane, 100% on the vertical north plane, 92% on the vertical south plane, 77% on the vertical east plane and 75% on the vertical west plane. We have compared the UVI of the vertical plane with the horizontal one by means of linear regressions. All planes show very good correlations except for the vertical south plane, which shows no correlation with the horizontal plane for the middle days of the year due to its particular geometry with respect to the Sun's apparent path. Finally, the annual cumulative UVER doses related to each phototype for the horizontal and vertical planes were calculated. It was noticed that the dose over a year on the horizontal plane doubles the dose on the vertical south plane, which is the one that receives the maximum dose. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Patients with idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder show normal gastric motility assessed by the 13C‐octanoate breath test
Authors: Unger Marcus M. , Möller Jens C. , Mankel Katharina , Schmittinger Katrin , Eggert Karla M. , Stamelou Maria , Stiasny‐Kolster Karin , Bohne Katharina , Bodden Maren , Mayer Geert , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Tebbe Johannes J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Delayed gastric emptying is a non‐motor symptom of Parkinson's disease. Few data exist on gastric emptying in early‐stage Parkinson's disease. In idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder, a presumable pre‐motor stage of Parkinson's disease, gastric emptying has not yet been investigated.Methods:Twenty healthy controls, 13 patients with idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder, and 39 patients with Parkinson's disease patients underwent standardized testing for gastric emptying with the 13C‐octanoate breath test.Results:Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in drug‐naïve (P < .001) and in treated Parkinson's disease patients (P < .001), but normal in patients with idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder.Conclusions:Our study confirms delayed gastric emptying in drug‐naïve, early‐stage Parkinson's disease. Normal gastric emptying in idiopathic rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder might be explained by the fact that neurodegenerative changes in structures modulating gastric motility are not severe enough to cause a functional deficit that can be detected by the 13C‐octanoate breath test. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's disease and α‐synuclein expression
Authors: Devine Michael J. , Gwinn Katrina , Singleton Andrew , Hardy John 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGenetic studies of Parkinson's disease over the last decade or more have revolutionized our understanding of this condition. α‐Synuclein was the first gene to be linked to Parkinson's disease, and is arguably the most important: the protein is the principal constituent of Lewy bodies, and variation at its locus is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic disease. Intriguingly, duplications and triplications of the locus, as well as point mutations, cause familial disease. Therefore, subtle alterations of α‐synuclein expression can manifest with a dramatic phenotype. We outline the clinical impact of α‐synuclein locus multiplications, and the implications that this has for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for disease‐modifying therapies for this currently incurable disorder. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Integrated active tracking detector for MRI‐guided interventions
Authors: Anders Jens , SanGiorgio Paul , Deligianni Xeni , Santini Francesco , Scheffler Klaus , Boero Giovanni 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present a fully integrated detector suitable for active tracking of interventional devices in MR‐guided interventions. The single‐chip microsystem consists of a detection coil, a tuning capacitor, an intermediate frequency downconversion receiver, and a phase‐locked‐loop‐based frequency synthesizer. Thanks to the integrated mixer, the chip output stage delivers an analog frequency‐downconverted NMR signal in the frequency range from 0 to 200 kHz. The microchip, realized in a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, has a size of 1 × 2 × 0.74 mm3 and operates at a frequency of 63 MHz (i.e., in 1.5 T clinical scanners). Tests in a standard clinical scanner demonstrate the compatibility of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor microchip with clinical MRI systems. Using a solid sample of cis‐polyisoprene having a size of 1 × 1.9 × 0.8 mm3 as internal signal source, the detector achieves a three‐dimensional isotropic spatial resolution of 0.15 mm in a measuring time of 100 ms. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic nerve compression alters schwann cell myelin architecture in a murine model
Authors: Gupta Ranjan , Nassiri Nima , Hazel Antony , Bathen Mary , Mozaffar Tahseen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Myelinating Schwann cells compartmentalize their outermost layer to form actin‐rich channels known as Cajal bands. Herein we investigate changes in Schwann cell architecture and cytoplasmic morphology in a novel mouse model of carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: Chronic nerve compression (CNC) injury was created in wild‐type and slow‐Wallerian degeneration (WldS) mice. Over 12 weeks, nerves were electrodiagnostically assessed, and Schwann cell morphology was thoroughly evaluated. Results: A decline in nerve conduction velocity and increase in g‐ratio is observed without early axonal damage. Schwann cells display shortened internodal lengths and severely disrupted Cajal bands. Quite surprisingly, the latter is reconstituted without improvements to nerve conduction velocity. Conclusions: Chronic entrapment injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome are primarily mediated by the Schwann cell response, where decreases in internodal length and myelin thickness disrupt the efficiency of impulse propagation. Restitution of Cajal bands is not sufficient for remyelination after CNC injury. Muscle Nerve, 2012
hp‐FEM for second moments of elliptic PDEs with stochastic data. II: Exponential convergence for stationary singular covariance functions
Authors: Pentenrieder Bastian , Schwab Christoph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe prove exponential rates of convergence of a class of hp Galerkin Finite Element approximations of solutions to a model tensor nonhypoelliptic equation in the unit square □ = (0, 1)2 which exhibit singularities on ∂□ and on the diagonal Δ = {(x, y) ∈ □ : x = y}, but are otherwise analytic in □. As we explained in the first part (Pentenrieder and Schwab, Research Report, Seminar for Applied Mathematics, 2010) of this work, such problems arise as deterministic second moment equations of linear, second order elliptic operator equations Au = f with Gaussian random field data f. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2012
Measurement of DL‐α‐difluoromethylornithine concentration using ornithine decarboxylase
Authors: Robins Richard J. , Evans David M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, DL‐α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), shows considerable potential in the chemotherapeutic control of lethal protozoal infections. It is also valuable in studies of the metabolism of polyamines. This paper describes a method for the accurate assay of the concentration of this material in aqueous tissue extracts by determining the degree to which a yeast ornithine decarboxylase, expressed on a high‐copy‐number Escherichia coli plasmid, is inhibited. By relating the degree of inhibition to that achieved with standard amounts of DFMO, the concentration present in unknown samples may be determined. The method has been applied to an examination of the conversion by transformed root cultures of Datura stramonium of DL‐α‐difluoromethylarginine to DFMO.
Malondialdehyde titration with thiobarbiturate in plant extracts: Avoidance of pigment interference
Authors: Hagege Daniel , Nouvelot André , Boucaud Jean , Gaspar Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractApplication of the thiobarbiturate acid (TBA) reaction to pigmented plant tissues (sugarbeet green leaves and calli) leads to an overestimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. A method of MDA estimation for pigmented plant tissues has been developed, using the trichloroacetic acid precipitated protein pellet, with acetone depigmentation, before TBA reaction. Absorbance is measured between 532 and 590 nm.
Protein stability and in vivo concentration of missense mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase
Authors: Shi Zhen , Sellers Jenn , Moult John 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA previous computational analysis of missense mutations linked to monogenic disease found a high proportion of missense mutations affect protein stability, rather than other aspects of protein structure and function. The purpose of this study is to relate the presence of such stability damaging missense mutations to the levels of a particular protein present under “in vivo” like conditions, and to test the reliability of the computational methods. Experimental data on a set of missense mutations of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) associated with the monogenic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) have been compared with the expected in vivo impact on protein function, obtained using SNPs3D, an in silico analysis package. A high proportion of the PAH mutations are predicted to be destabilizing. The overall agreement between predicted stability impact and experimental evidence for lower protein levels is in accordance with the estimated error rates of the methods. For these mutations, destabilization of protein three‐dimensional structure is the major molecular mechanism leading to PKU, and results in a substantial reduction of in vivo PAH protein concentration. Although of limited scale, the results support the view that destabilization is the most common mechanism by which missense mutations cause monogenic disease. In turn, this conclusion suggests the general therapeutic strategy of developing drugs targeted at restoring wild type stability. Proteins 2012;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational study of hexanal peroxy radical–water complexes
Authors: Burrell Emily , Clark Jared C. , Snow Mathew , Dumais Heidi , Lee Seong‐cheol , Nielson Brad J. , Osborne Derek , Salamanca‐cardona Lucia , Zemp Logan , Dabell Ryan S. , Hansen Jaron C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe results of an ab initio study on a family of hydroxy peroxy radical–water complexes formed from the oxidation of E‐2‐hexenal, which constitutes an important component of biogenic atmospheric emissions, are reported. Binding energies for the β‐hydroxy‐γ‐peroxy hexanal (β‐ and γ‐positions are relative to the carbonyl) radical–water complex and the γ‐hydroxy‐β‐peroxy hexanal radical–water complex are predicted to be to 3.8 and 3.6 kcal/mol, respectively, computed at the MP2/6‐311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) computational level. Natural bond orbital reveals that conventional hydrogen bonding between the water and the hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups of the radical are primarily responsible for the stability of the complex. It can be shown that the peroxy moiety contributes very little to the stability of the radical–water complexes. Thermochemistry calculations reveal estimated equilibrium constants that are comparable to those recently reported for several hydroxy isoprene radical–water complexes. The results of this report suggest that the hexanal peroxy radical–water complexes are expected to play a significant role in the complex chemistry of the atmosphere. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
PERFORMANCE OF FISH PASSAGE STRUCTURES AT UPSTREAM BARRIERS TO MIGRATION
Authors: Bunt C. M. , Castro‐Santos T. , Haro A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAttraction and passage efficiency were reviewed and compared from 19 monitoring studies that produced data for evaluations of pool‐and‐weir, Denil, vertical‐slot and nature‐like fishways. Data from 26 species of anadromous and potamodromous fishes from six countries were separated by year and taxonomic family into a matrix with 101 records. Attraction performance was highly variable for the following fishway structures: pool‐and‐weir (attraction range = 29–100%, mean = 77%, median = 81%), vertical‐slot (attraction range = 0–100%, mean = 63%, median = 80%), Denil (attraction range = 21–100%, mean = 61%, median = 57%) and nature‐like (attraction range = 0–100%, mean = 48%, median = 50%). Mean passage efficiency was inversely related to mean attraction efficiency by fishway structure type, with the highest passage for nature‐like fishways (range = 0–100%, mean = 70%, median = 86%), followed by Denil (range = 0–97%, mean = 51%, median = 38%), vertical‐slot (range = 0–100%, mean = 45%, median = 43%) and pool‐and‐weir (range = 0–100%, mean = 40%, median = 34%). Principal components analysis and logistic regression modelling indicated that variation in fish attraction was driven by biological characteristics of the fish that were studied, whereas variation in fish passage was related to fishway type, slope and elevation change. This meta‐analysis revealed that the species of fish monitored and structural design of the fishways have strong implications for both attraction and passage performance, and in most cases, existing data are not sufficient to support design recommendations. Many more fishway evaluations are needed over a range of species, fishway types and configurations to characterize, to optimize and to design new fishways. Furthermore, these studies must be performed in a consistent manner to identify the relative contributions of fish attraction and passage to overall fishway performance at each site. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fassadensysteme zur Sanierung von Wänden aus Sandwichelementen
Authors: Hassinen Paavo , Misiek Thomas , Naujoks Bernd 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMit der nachträglichen Verkleidung von Sandwichelementen wird sowohl die Lasteinleitung als auch die Querschnittstragfähigkeit geändert. Basierend auf Versuchsreihen werden zwei Rechenmodelle vorgestellt, die eine Spannungsermittlung für jeden Teilquerschnitt dieses zusammengesetzten Biegeträgers mit Teilverbund ermöglichen und konstruktive Empfehlungen für die Ausführung gegeben.Cladding systems for the refurbishment of walls made of sandwich panels. Additional cladding fixed in the external face of the sandwich panels change the introduction of the loads, the static behaviour and the resistance of the wall panels. Based on experimental results, two calculation models are presented to evaluate the stresses of the single components which are fixed together with shear flexible joints. Recommendation to build up the structural systems are given.
Tragfähigkeit dünnwandiger Bleche mit elastischer Bettung und Längsversteifungen
Authors: Misiek Thomas , Ummenhofer Thomas , Frank Friederike 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSowohl Sicken und Versätze als auch angeschäumte oder geklebte Dämmstoffe können ebene Teilflächen dünnwandiger Bauteile stabilisieren: Sicken und Versätze sind sowohl bei Trapezprofilen als auch bei Sandwichelementen anzutreffen, der stabilisierende Einfluss des Dämmstoffs hingegen nur bei Sandwichelementen. Werden Trapezprofile mit einer kraftschlüssig angeschäumten Dämmstoffen versehen, treten auch hier beide Stabilisierungseffekte auf. Die kombinierte Berücksichtigung beider Effekte in den üblichen Bemessungsprozeduren wird erläutert. Basierend auf den dabei entwickelten Modellen werden Grundzüge für ein neues Bemessungsverfahren für Sandwichelemente mit leicht‐profilierten Deckschichten eingeführt.Load‐bearing capacity of longitudinally stiffened thin‐walled sheeting on an elastic foundation. Both stiffeners and insulation materials bonded to the sheets can provide stabilization to cross‐section parts of thin‐walled building components. While stiffeners can be found both with trapezoidal sheeting and sandwich panels, the stabilizing effect of the insulation material can only be found with sandwich panels. If trapezoidal sheeting is provided with a force‐fit connected insulation material, also both stabilizing effects apply. The inclusion and combination of both stabilization effects in the usual design and calculation procedures is explained in the paper. Based on the knowledge obtained with the design of trapezoidal sheeting, a new design and calculation concept for sandwich panels with lightly profiled faces is introduced.
Freiformen mit Metallprofilen – Auf die richtige Unterkonstruktion kommt es an
Authors: Schmieder Markus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBlob‐Architektur nennt sich die Architektur, die man auch als Nicht‐Standard‐Architektur oder als Freiform‐Architektur bezeichnet. Die Ausführung dieser Gebäudehüllen mit Metallprofilen war mit den bisherigen Technologien des dreidimensional gefertigten MONRO‐Profils nur in der Theorie problemlos möglich. Durch die Entwicklung neuer Unterkonstruktionssysteme und die damit verbundene, wesentlich einfachere Montage dieser anspruchsvollen Gebäudehüllen, lassen sich Blob Gebäude mittlerweile problemlos mit Metallprofilen bekleiden.Free forms with metal profiles – Depending on a suitable substructure. Blob‐architecture is an architectural style, which is also termed non‐standard‐architecture or free‐form‐architecture. Up to now the construction of claddings with metal profiles made with the current technologies of the three‐dimensional MONRO profiles was hardly practicable. Due to the development of new substructure systems and the associated more simple installation of these ambitious building claddings, it is possible to cover blob buildings with metal profiles easily.