bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic behaviour of aluminum naphthenate/benzene system in process of gelation and degradation
Authors: Wang Guang‐Xin , Cheng Zhong‐Qi , Su Pei‐Shan , Guo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe kinetic behaviour of aluminum naphthenate/benzene system in the process of gelation and degradation was systematically studied. The results obtained from the kinetic experiments indicated that the gelation stage was in accordance with a kinetic model of an auto‐catalytic first‐order reaction, and the degradation stage was a simple first‐order reaction. The rate constants in these two stages at various temperaturs were measured. And the determined apparent activation energies for the gelation stage and for the degradation stage are 27.5±2.0 and 37.7±2.3 kJ/mol, respectively.
Open metallocenes XI. A pentadienyl compound of heavier rare earth element [2,4‐(CH3)2‐η5‐C5H5]3Tb·1/2THF
Authors: Qiu Xin , Liu Ju‐Zheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of TbCl3 with K[2,4‐(CH3)2 C5H5] at 0°C in THF followed by crystallization at −90°C led to a pale yellow hexagonal prismatic crystalline product [2,4‐[CH3)2‐η5‐C5H5]3‐Tb·1/2THF, which is highly sensitive to air and water and rapidly efflorescent at ambient temperature. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction data of the compound have been collected at low temperature (‐60°C) and the crystal structure has been solved by heavy atom method. It belongs to triclinic system, space group P1 with lattice parameters α=8.477 Å, b=12.583 Å, c=12.858 Å, α=118.08°, β=91.38°, γ=108.75°, V=1120.36 Å3 and Z=2. Least‐squares refinement converged to a final value R=0.043. The compound possesses an idealized C3h symmetry with three 2,4dimethylpentadienyl ligands bound to the central terbium atom in a pentahapto mode (η5). Each unit cell contains two molecules of [2,4‐(CH3)2‐η5‐C5H5]3Tb and one molecule of solvent THF, of which the role in the lattice has been discussed in detail.
Redox properties of (RC2R')Co2(CO)6‐nLn and reactivity of (RC2R')Co2(CO)6‐nLn towards PPh3[LPPh3, P(OEt)3]
Authors: Meng Qing‐Jin , Sun Shou‐Heng , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCyclic voltammetric studies of clusters (C5H5‐C2C6 H4‐R‐p)Co2(CO)6‐n Ln[n=0,2; L=PPh3, P(OEt)3] and (RCH2C)2Co2(CO4) (PPh3)2 on Pt electrode are described. The primary reduction (0 / −1) and oxidation (+ 1 / 0) steps are considered as a mono‐electron process for all clusters. For the clusters (C5H5C2C6H4‐R‐p)Co2(CO)6, a good linear relation between reduction potential Epred and Hammett constant σp of R in the clusters is found. For the clusters (RC2R')Co2(CO)4L2, their radical anions are extremely unstable at room temperature and fragment into a series of mononuclear species, one of which is (RC2R')Co(CO)2PPh3. The reaction of radical anions of (RC2R')Co2(CO)6–n (PPh3)n(n=0,2) with PPh3 also produces mononuclear species (RC2R')Co(CO)2PPh3 which has been detected by means of cyclic voltammetry and ESR. The influence of R on redox properties of clusters is discussed.
Co‐deposition of lithium with rare earth from molten chlorides
Authors: Chang Kai‐Guo , Zhao Min‐Shou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe possibility of co‐depostion of Li (I) with RE (I) has been investigated. The influences of temperature and concentration of chlorides on the deposition potential have been studied. Linear scanning voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and current reversal chronopotentiometry were used to study the co‐deposition process. Both the electrochemical and electrolytic results clearly showed that Li (I) and RE (I) could co‐deposit on the aluminum‐copper electrode under selected conditions. Small amount of rare earth element behaved excellently as grain refiner in aluminum—lithium alloy.
Rayleigh relaxation of pyrazine, pyridine and piperidine molecules adsorbed on the roughened Ag electrode by light beating technique
Authors: Wu Guo‐Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe light beating technique (intensity correlation algorithm) was employed to analyze the Rayleigh scattering from the roughened Ag electrode in very dilute (10−4 M) pyrazine, pyridine and piperidine aqueous solutions containing KC1 (0.1 M). The relaxation time is longer when the applied voltages are between −0.4 V and −0.8 V (vs. SCE) where the Raman effect also shows greater surface enhancement. Also observed was that for the piperidine case the relaxation time reaches its maximum at the more negative applied voltage. The origin of the relaxation is attributed mainly to the desorption process of the pyrazine, pyridine and piperidine molecules off the roughened Ag electrode. An electrostatic model was also proposed for the interpretation of these experimental observations.
Synthesis and reactions of 4‐aryl‐1(2H) phthalazinones
Authors: Sayed M.A. , Islam I. , Mohamed A.A. , Soliman A.Y. , Bakeer H.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe behavior of 4‐aryl‐1(2H)‐phthalazinones (1a—c) toward some electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents has been described with the aim of preparing some new phthalazinone derivatives of the expected pharmacological or biological activities.
Synthesis and structure of ethyl (Z)‐α‐formylamino‐β‐arylacrylates
Authors: Han Ying‐Lin , Hu Hong‐Wen , Zhou Zhong‐Yuan , Yu Kai‐Bei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEthyl (Z)‐α‐formylamino‐β‐arylacrylates were obtained in good yields by the condensation of ethyl N, N‐diformylamino acetate and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol. The structure of ethyl α‐formylaminocinnamate was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction measurement.
Synthesis and characterization of molecular sieve Ni‐ZSM‐5 and its single crystal
Authors: Yao Shang‐Qing , Qiu Shi‐Lun , Pang Wen‐Qin , Sun Tie , Jiang Da‐Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template, molecular sieve Ni‐ZSM‐5 and its single crystals were synthesized in a nonalkaline system in the presence of fluoride ions. By means of XRD, IR, EPMA, MAS NMR, EPR, DTA and H2‐TPR techniques, it is proved that the hetero‐atom, nickel, is really located in the zeolite framework. And finally, Ni‐ZSM‐5 was found to have high catalytic cracking reactivity.
Catalysis of dioxygen reduction at soluble polyaniline modified electrode
Authors: Jiang Rong‐Zhong , Dong Shao‐Jun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA reflux‐treatment of soluble polyaniline (SPA) in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing CoCl2 yields an active catalyst for dioxygen reduction which can be adsorbed on the electrode surface firmly. The catalytic reduction of dioxygen at the glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified by the catalyst was studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV), rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE). The kinetic process of dioxygen reduction at the modified electrode was analyzed with a new RRDE theory dealing with a nondiffusion‐controlled process on ring electrode. The rate constants for each scheme of dioxygen reduction were calculated, showing that only 2‐electron reduction to H2O2 was conducted at the modified electrode. The effect of solution acidity on the electrocatalytic behaviour for dioxygen reduction was investigated. A possibility of initiating catalytic activity for dioxygen reduction was explored with ESCA method.
Bilayer characteristics and cholesterol effects of sodium dialkylmethyl sulphates
Authors: Lei Xue‐Gong , Li Zi‐Zhong , Liu You‐Cheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe gel‐liquid crystal phase transitions (PT) in bilayers formed from a series of synthetic sodium dialkylmethyl sulphates have been studied by both fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods, which are between the transitions of the corresponding phospholipids and the quarternary ammonium salt bilayers possessing the same hydrocarbon chains. The fluorescence I3/I2 ratio (R) of probe pyrene in the bilayers decreases below and increases above the transitions respectively with increasing the chain length of the surfactants in the series SUDS, SPHS, and SHOS. In addition, the difference between the R above and below the transition (ΔR) is larger in the suspension prepared at the temperature above that of the transition than in that formed at room temperature. Intermembrane transfer and transbilayer migration (flip‐flop) evaluated by means of DSC of a mixture of equimolar aqueous dispersions of SHOS and SPHS as well as by ESR of bilayer embedding the stable free radical 4‐HD‐TEMPO in the presence and absence of excess ascorbic acid take place noticeably only at the temperature above that of the transitions. Cholesterol has shown the same effect on ΔR as to decrease the length of the alkyl chain of the surfactants. It also causes a decrease of the fluorescence Intensity ratio of excimer to monomer of pyrene, Ie/Im(S), in both phase. The results are discussed in terms of bilayer structure, chain fluidity, and permeability of water.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation. XX. Sodium dithionite‐initiated addition of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl iodides to cyclic enol ethers and chemical conversions of the products
Authors: Huang Wei‐Yuan , Xie Yuan , LÜ Long 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl iodides [RFI, RF=Cl(CF2)4, 1a; Cl(CF2)6, 1b; Cl(CF2)8, 1c; n‐C6F13, 1d; n‐C8F17, 1e] reacted with cyclic enol ethers such as 2,3‐dihydrofuran (2) and 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran (3) in aqueous acetonitrile in the presence of sodium dithionite and sodium bicarbonate at room temperature (10–15°C) to give the corresponding 2‐(F‐alkyl) hemiacetals in high yields. The adducts were oxidized with Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 in acetonitrile or reduced with LiAlH4 in ether to form the corresponding 2‐(F‐alkyl)lactones or diols respectively in good yields. In the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid, the adducts were refluxed in benzene and CH3CN to produce the corresponding 2,3‐dihydro‐4‐(F‐alkyl) furan and 3,4‐dihydro‐5‐(F‐alkyl)‐2H‐pyran. This is a new and effective method for preparing these useful organofluorine compounds.
Study on the condensation and crosslinking reactions of furfuryl alcohol and tris(2‐hy‐droxyethyl)isocyanurate by thermal methods
Authors: Chen Xue‐Si , Zheng Guo‐Dong , Liu Zhen‐Hai , Xu Ji‐Ping 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCondensation and crosslinking reactions of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and FA with tris (2‐hydroxyethyl )isocyanurate (THEIC) are studied by means of DSC, TG, TBA, NMR and elemental analysis. Four exothermic peaks are observed on the DSC curves of thermal condensation of FA and FA with THEIC in the presence of sulfuric acid. The peaks I, II (50–80°C), III (110–130°C) and IV (150–190°C) correspond to linear polycondensation of FA through head‐to‐tail condensation, head‐to‐head etherification, crosslinking dehydration reaction between methylene group and terminal hydroxy group of FA polymeric chain and to further crosslinking reaction at higher temperature, respectively. The reactivity of FA and THEIC increases sharply at 130–150°C and THEIC is reacted completely at 150°C. Addition of THEIC raises the initial decomposition temperature of FA polymer by 60°C.
Study on the complex‐formation reaction of yttrium with para‐methyl‐chlorophosphonazo(CPApM)
Authors: Du Ying‐Xiang , Xu Zhong‐Jun , Hsu Chung‐Gin , Pan Jiao‐Mai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractYttrium forms with CPApM a 1:2 α‐complex instantaneously in acidic medium. At pH∼5 (buffer solution), the α‐complex is transformed to a β‐complex with an absorption peak at 755 nm after standing. The transformation reaction is a first‐order reaction. The rate constant and the apparent activation energy were found to be 9.67 × 10−1 min−1 and 52.3 kJ·mol−1 respectively. The mechanism of the reaction shows that the β‐complex (Y:CPApM=2:4) is formed by combining two molecules of α‐complex with the liberation of one proton.
Reactivity of 6‐anisyl‐5‐cyano‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidine to wards some electrophiles and nucleophiles
Authors: Hassan M. F. Madkour , Sayed Mahamed A. E. , Ashraf A. Hamed , Adel M. Gaber , Abd El‐Khalik A. Hataba 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title compound was subjected to react with some electrophiles and nucleophiles, such as alkyl halides, ethyl chloroacetate or amines, hydrazines etc. The resulting compounds were used in further syntheses for the purpose of obtaining some new types of heterocycles with possible biological and pharmaceutical activities.
Circular dichroism of tail‐to‐tail bisbenzyliso‐quinoline and the absolute configuration of daurisoline isolated from Menispermum dauricum
Authors: Kong Rong‐Zu , Kuang Dai‐Wu , Hua Wei‐Yi , Min Zhi‐Da , Zhao Shou‐Xun , Mizuno Mizuo , Iinuma Munekazu , Tanaka Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSince two asymmetric centres are usually present in the bisbenzylisoquinolines, the circular dichroism is known to be an important method to elucidate their stereochemistry. We studied the relationships of the CD spectra with the stereochemistry of synthetic RR‐(1), SS‐(2), RS‐daurisoline (3) and SR‐daurisoline (4). By comparision of the CD spectrum of natural daurisoline (1) from Menispermum dauricum (Menispermaceae) with those of synthetic enantiomers, the absolute configuration was established as RR‐daurisoline (1).
A study of ion exchange selectivity coefficient by cyclic voltammetric measurement
Authors: Dong Shao‐Jun , Lian Guo‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn equation to express ion exchange selectivity coefficient was derived and used for calculating that of PPY film with the results obtained by cyclic voltammetric measurement. PPY film was synthesized by electrochemical method in aqueous solution using K4Fe(CN)6 as supporting electrolyte, and the anions were doped into the film. Ion exchange behaviour of doped Fe (CN)63‐/4‐ in the PPY film with Cl−, NO3− or F− ions in solution has been studied, and the corresponding ion exchange selectivity coefficients were determined.
Reactions of perchlorofluoro compounds VIII. A structure‐reactivity relationship of perchlorofluoroolefins based on MNDO calculations
Authors: Xu Ze‐Qi , Li Shu‐Sen , Hu Chang‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electronic structures of 17 perchlorofiuoroolefins and perfluoroolefins were calculated using the MNDO method. Based on these calculations combined with the perturbation theory, a good structure‐reactivity relationship of perchlorofluoroolefins has been established. In the case of internal olefins, the direction of nucleophilic attack is governed not only by the perturbation energy of the ground state, but also by the stability of the anionic intermediate and the activation energy of the reaction.
1,3‐Dinitro‐2‐chloro‐5‐trifluorotoluene and its bridged derivatives I. An investigation on the displacement reactions of bidentate nucleophiles towards aromatic rings
Authors: Ji Jing‐Shun , Chen Mei‐Jin , Wang Qi‐Wen , Sheng Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reactions of 1,3‐dinitro‐2‐chloro‐5‐trifluorotoluene (DNCTT) (1) and its bridged compounds with bidentate nucleophiles have been investigated. Primary or secondary diamines and diethylene glycol react with 1 and its bridged derivatives by replacing the substituent group para to CF3, whereas ethanedithiol reacts either by replacing the substituent group para to CF3 or by displacing both groups and a nitro group. The results have been rationalized in terms of electronic effects and nucleophilicity of the nucleophiles.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation XIII. Synthesis of 2‐perfluoroalkyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, mono‐ and poly‐O‐polyfluoroalkylated‐D‐glucoses
Authors: Huang Wei‐Yuan , Xie Yuan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSodium dithionite‐initiated addition of RFI (1) [RF=1a, Cl(CF2)4; 1b, Cl(CF2)6; 1c, Cl(CF2)6; 1d, n‐C6F13; 1e, n‐C3F17] to the properly protected glucose derivatives 2, 9, 12 and 15 gave polyfluoroalkylated glucose derivatives 7, 11, 14 and 17 respectively in good yields after reduction and deprotection. These compounds are strongly surface active.
Studies on sulfinatodehalogenation XIII. A new sulfinatodehalogenation reagent system: NaHSO3/K3[Fe(CN)6]
Authors: Huang Wei‐Yuan , Zhuang Jin‐Lian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodide or perfluoroalkyl bromide with sulfite radical anion (SO2) generated from sodium bisulfite / potassium ferricyanide in water/ DMF at 70—75°C gave the corresponding perfluoroalkanesulfinate in good yield. Furthermore, it was shown that the reagent system can also initiate the addition of perfluoroalkyl iodide to olefins or alkynes at 50—65°C.
In situ aminolysis of 1,2‐epoxy‐penten‐3‐ol
Authors: Lin Guo‐Qiang , Zeng Chun‐Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn situ aminolysis of oxirane prepared from divinylacrbinol (1) via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation was described where I° and II° amines were employed as nucleophiles.
Variational transition state theory study of the reactions Li + HF and Li + HCl on the BO potential energy surfaces
Authors: Yang Yu‐Wei , Ju Guan‐Zhi , Deng Cong‐Hao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVariational transition state theory is used to study the kinetics of the reactions Li + HF and Li + HCl on the BO potential energy surfaces, fitted to ab initio values by Lagana et al. The saddle point, the location of generalized transition state and other kinetic features on the bottleneck of the potential energy surface are obtained. We point out that the location of generalized transition state tends to the direction in which the two atoms with larger reduced mass separate off. It can be determined whether a potential energy surface is accurate or not by a fine analysis of its bottleneck region and a comparison of kinetic calculation with experimental result. This is helpful for building a more accurate potential energy surface.
A cobalt‐selenium cluster with triethylphosphine: preparation and structure of Co6(μ3‐Se)8(PEt3)6·THF
Authors: Hong Mao‐Chun , Huang Zhi‐Ying , Lei Xin‐Jian , Wei Guo‐Wei , Kang Bei‐Sheng , Liu Han‐Qin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCo6(μ3—Se)6 (PEt3)6·THF, MW = 1766.4, space group R3, has the trigonal parameters, a= 11.890(2)° Å, α = 92.72(2)°, V = 1670.4 Å3, Z = 1. Mo Ka radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å, Dc = 1.749 g/cm3, μ = 59.18 cm−3, F(000) = 870, R = 0.058 and Rw= 0.067 for 1529 observed unique reflections with I>3α(I). The molecular structure consists of an idealized octahedral Co4—core. The Co—Co distances fall in the range of 2.909—2.912 Å.
A new route for the synthesis of ω‐acyl carboxylic acids
Authors: Wu Shi‐Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Yi , Ma Zhen‐Yong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method for synthesis of ω‐acyl carboxylic acids is described. Photooxygenation of cyclic silyl enol ethers sensitized by 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene (DCA) provided ω‐acyl carboxylic acids in modest to good yields.
The spin delocalization substituent parameter s̀ 8. The spin‐delocalizing abilities of the nitro, cyano, carbomethoxy, carboxy and carbamyl groups
Authors: Ji Guo‐Zhen , Jiang Xi‐Kui , Shi Wen‐Ting 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe rate constants (k) of the homo‐cycloaddition reactions of five substituted α,β,β‐trifluorostyrenes (TFS's), i.e. p‐nitrotrifluorostyrene (4), p‐cyanotrifluorostyrene (5), p‐carbomethoxytri‐fluorostyrene (6), p‐carboxytrifluorostyrene (7) and p‐carbamyltrifluorostyrene (8), have been measured in the temperature range of 110–160°C. The s̀mb polar substituent parameters of these TFS's calculated from 10F NMR chemical shifts are: NO2, 0.86; CN, 0.86; CO3CH3, 0.40; CO2H, 0.31; CONH2, 0.10. The spin delocalization substituent parameters σT˙ of NO2, CN, CO2CH3, CO2H and CONH2 are 0.32, 0.38, 0.31, 0.37 and 0.37 respectively. Thus all these electron‐pair attracting groups are also very effective spin‐stabilizers.
Studies on the reactions of silyl enol ether with perfluoroorganic compounds I. The reaction of silyl enol ether with perfluoroalkyl iodide
Authors: Ge Wen‐Zheng , Wu Yong‐Ming , Huang Wei‐Yuan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of silyl enol ethers (1a‐1e) with perfluoroalkyl iodides (2f–2k) initiated with sodium dithionite was studied. α‐Perfluoroalkyl ketones (3) were synthesized in excellent yield by this method. α, β‐Unsaturated fluorinated ketones (4) were obtained easily by dehydrofluorination of the α‐perfluoroalkyl ketones. A radical mechanism was proposed.
A novel method for the synthesis of carba‐DHPG and carba‐ACV
Authors: Liu Yu‐Gang , Fei Chang‐Pei , Chen Te‐Heng , (Chan) Ta‐Hang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new and efficient method for the synthesis of potential antiviral agents Carba‐ACV (3) and Carba‐DHPG (4) is described. The synthesis makes the use of N‐acetylguanine to condense with the corresponding tosylates (16) and (11) under the catalysis of dibenzo‐18‐C‐6, resulting in the desired coupling products (17) and (12) in good yield and in the case of Carba‐DHPG with high regioselectivity.
Structural features of a polysaccharide from the leaves of Thea sinensis
Authors: Fang Ji‐Nian , Zhang Zhi‐Hua , Song Guo‐Qiang , Liu Bai‐Nian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA polysaccharide of Thea sinensis, TSA, has been isolated from the fresh leaves as a major fraction of polysaccharides. The mol. wt. was estimated to be 850,000 with [α]D15 + 25.5° (c=0.75, H2O). The component sugars were determined as L‐rhamnose, L‐arabinose, and D‐galactose in molar ratio of 0.54: 1.0: 0.94. The O‐acetyl groups locating on galactose residues position 2 were also identified and the content was 3.8%. The 13C NMR spectrum and CrO3 oxidation of TSA indicated the Rhamnose, Arabinose and Galactose to be in α‐, α‐ and β‐configurations, respectively. Methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, partial hydrolysis and 13C NMR spectrum showed that TSA is a branched galactoarabinan.
Magnetic field effects on photochemical reaction III. Mechanistic study of the photodecarboxylation of arylmethyl esters in micellar solutions
Authors: Tong Zhen‐He , Tung Chen‐Ho , Yuan Long‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhotolysis of benzyl phenylacetate (ACO2A), benzyl p‐methylphenylacetate (BCO2A) and 1‐naphthyl phenylacetate (ACO2Np) in homogeneous and micellar solutions results in products typical of radical coupling reactions and loss of carbon dioxide. The cage effects upon direct photolysis of these esters in acetonitrile are significantly greater than zero and those in SDS or HDTBr micellar solutions are even greater. In the triplet sensitization reaction of ACO2Np in micellar solutions the cage effects are smaller than those obtained upon direct irradiation. However, the application of a 0.05 or 0.2 T external magnetic field in the photolysis in micellar solutions decreases the cage effects dramatically. All these results suggest that the photoextrusions of carbon dioxide from these esters proceed via radical intermediates, and upon direct photolysis the reactive states for the cleavage reaction involve both singlet and triplet excited states.
Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of polydiphenylamine
Authors: Dong Shao‐Jun , Song Fa‐Yi , Li Zhuang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of diphenylamine (DPA) in acetonitrile solution produced an adhesive conducting polydiphenylamine (PDPA) film on the electrode, which exhibited multiple colour variation in a wide range of potential. The polymer was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FTIR and ESR. The results indicate that the electropolymerization of diphenylamine performs via the 4,4′ CC phenyl‐phenyl coupling mechanism. FTIR, ESR and conductivity measurements for the different states of PDPA show that polydiphenylamine can be reversibly doped and dedoped either chemically or electrochemically. It is evidenced also that there are paramagnetic species—polarons in PDPA supposed to be the current carrier.