bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis Purple Acid Phosphatase AtPAP10 Is Predominantly Associated with the Root Surface and Plays an Important Role in Plant Tolerance to Phosphate Limitation
Authors: Wang Liangsheng , Li Zheng , Qian Weiqiang , Guo Wanli , Gao Xiang , Huang Lingling , Wang Han , Zhu Huifen , Wu Jia-Wei , Wang Daowen , Liu Dong 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Induction of secreted acid phosphatase (APase) is a universal response of higher plants to phosphate (Pi) limitation. These enzymes are thought to scavenge Pi from organophosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and thus to increase Pi availability to plants when Pi is deficient. The tight association of secreted APase with the root surface may make plants more efficient in the utilization of soil Pi around root tissues, which is present in organophosphate forms. To date, however, no systematic molecular, biochemical, and functional studies have been reported for any of the Pi starvation-induced APases that are associated with the root surface after secretion. In this work, using genetic and molecular approaches, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Purple Acid Phosphatase10 (AtPAP10) as a Pi starvation-induced APase that is predominantly associated with the root surface. The AtPAP10 protein has phosphatase activity against a variety of substrates. Expression of AtPAP10 is specifically induced by Pi limitation at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Functional analyses of multiple atpap10 mutant alleles and overexpressing lines indicated that AtPAP10 plays an important role in plant tolerance to Pi limitation. Genetic manipulation of AtPAP10 expression may provide an effective means for engineering new crops with increased tolerance to Pi deprivation.
Effects of ice geometry on airfoil performance using neural networks prediction
Authors: Cao Yihua , Yuan Kungang , Li Guozhi 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology for predicting the effects of glaze ice geometry on airfoil aerodynamic coefficients by using neural network (NN) prediction. Effects of icing on angle of attack stall are also discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe typical glaze ice geometry covers ice horn leading‐edge radius, ice height, and ice horn position on airfoil surface. By using artificial NN technique, several NNs are developed to study the correlations between ice geometry parameters and airfoil aerodynamic coefficients. Effects of ice geometry on airfoil hinge moment coefficient are also obtained to predict the angle of attack stall.FindingsNN prediction is feasible and effective to study the effects of ice geometry on airfoil performance. The ice horn location and height, which have a more evident and serious effect on airfoil performance than ice horn leading‐edge radius, are inversely proportional to the maximum lift coefficient. Ice accretions on the after‐location of the upper surface of the airfoil leading edges have the most critical effects on the airfoil performance degradation. The catastrophe of hinge moment and unstable hinge moment coefficient can be used to predict the stall effectively.Practical implicationsSince the simulation results of NNs are shown to have high coherence with the tunnel test data, it can be further used to predict coefficients at non‐experimental conditions.Originality/valueThe simulation method by using NNs here can lay the foundation of the further research about the airfoil performance in different ice cloud conditions through predicting the relations between the ice cloud conditions and ice geometry.
RHC‐based attitude control of spacecraft under geometric constraints
Authors: Hutao Cui , Xiaojun Cheng , Rui Xu , Pingyuan Cui 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an attitude control algorithm for spacecraft with geometric constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe geometric constraint is reformulated as a quadratic form when quaternion is used as attitude parameter, then the constraint is proved to be nonconvex and is further transformed to a convex one. By designing a new constraint formulation to satisfy the real constraint in the predictive horizon, the attitude control problem is reshaped to a convex planning problem which is based on receding horizon control.FindingsThe proposed algorithm is more effective in handling geometric constraints than previous research which used single step planning control.Practical implicationsWith novel improvements to current methods for steering spacecraft from one attitude to another with geometric constraints, great attitude maneuver path can be achieved to protect instruments and meanwhile satisfy mission requirements.Originality/valueThe attitude control algorithm in this paper is designed especially for the satisfaction of geometric constraints in the process of attitude maneuver of spacecraft. By the application of this algorithm, the security of certain optical instruments, which is critical in an autonomous system, can be further assured.
Development of soy‐based cream cheese via the addition of microbial transglutaminase, soy protein isolate and maltodextrin
Authors: Lim Ting‐Jin , Easa Azhar‐Mat , Karim Abdul‐Alias , Bhat Rajeev , Liong Min‐Tze 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop a soy‐based cream cheese (SCC) with textural characteristics comparable to that of commercial dairy cream cheese (DCC) via the addition of microbial transglutaminase (MTG), soy protein isolate (SPI) and maltodextrin (MD).Design/methodology/approachResponse surface methodology (RSM) was employed in this study to determine the effects of MTG, MD and SPI on firmness of SCC.FindingsThe second‐order model generated via RSM was significant with only a 9.76 per cent variation not explained by the model. The coefficient of regression revealed that MTG, MD and SPI showed significant linear effects (P<0.0001) on the firmness of SCC, while MTG and SPI showed significant quadratic effects. The model successfully predicted and developed a SCC model with similar firmness as that of DCC; via the combination of 2.57 per cent (w/w) of MTG, 19.69 per cent (w/w) of SPI and 19.69 per cent (w/w) of MD. Physicochemical analyses revealed that SCC possessed lower fat content, reduced saturated fatty acid and zero trans fat. Further rheological measurements revealed that SCC was more solid‐like at room temperature, but less elastic at refrigerated temperature compared to DCC. SEM and SDS‐PAGE analyses affirmed that the textural changes of SCC were attributed to MTG‐induced cross‐linking.Originality/valueThe research demonstrated that a non‐dairy cream cheese could be developed using soy. In addition, the SCC also contained better nutritional properties compared to its dairy counterpart.
New labour in libraries: the post‐Fordist public library
Authors: Stevenson Siobhan 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of French School Regulation theory for questions of relevance to researchers and practitioners working in the field of information policy in general and public librarianship in particular.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is divided into two parts. Part one outlines Regulation theory's twin analytic tools of Fordism and post‐Fordism and its value for questions about the evolution of the public library. Part two provides an example of the approach's explanatory potential when applied to a series of public library planning documents produced by the Government of Ontario, Canada from the 1950s.FindingsAn interpretation of the evolution of the identity of the library user from patron to customer to information producer‐consumer is proposed at the intersection of the neoliberal state's austerity in social spending, the ubiquity of the new information and communication technologies, and fundamental changes in libraries as sites of waged‐work.Research limitations/implicationsThe research facilitates the development of a political economy of the contemporary public library of potential value to the international public library community. Also, conceiving of the public library as first and foremost a site of productive work forces one to re‐engage with the meaning of shifting relations between the library user and the institution on working conditions.Originality/valueThe applicability of a relatively under‐utilized theoretical framework is modelled that enables one to ask new questions of relevance to the field of library and information science.
How to improve organizational performance through learning and knowledge?
Authors: Kuo Tsung‐Hsien 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThrough investigating the relationship among human resource management (HRM), organizational learning (OL), organizational innovation (OI), knowledge management capability (KMC), and organizational performance (OP), the aim of this paper was to find a way of improving organizational performance through learning and knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The population of this study included 659 employees from electronic industrial listed and over‐the‐counter listed technological companies in Taiwan (N=208, valid return rate 37.21 percent). Descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as structural equation modeling were used for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that: HRM strategies result in better organizational learning, organizational innovation, and knowledge management capability, which ultimately contributes to achieving organizational performance; organizational learning improves organizational innovation and accumulates knowledge management capability; organizational innovation results in knowledge management capability development, which contributes to the establishment of organizational development; and technological companies should utilize organizational knowledge in order to enhance organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalization of the present study is constrained by the existence of possible biases of the participants, and the regional‐constrained data which were collected in and thus focused on Taiwan. Thus, the characteristics of the surveyed firms may be different from those in other areas or countries. Managerial implications are presented at the end of the work.Originality/valueThis structure has rarely been explored and the findings are particularly useful for management in helping to set human resource management, learning, innovation, knowledge management and organizational performance in a bigger context.
Schooling in conflict: an ethnographic study from Lebanon
Authors: van Ommering Erik 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to understanding the interrelationships between education and violent conflict, namely, one that focuses on the multifaceted, context‐specific impact of conflict on school communities and departs from the lived experiences of teachers and students in conflict‐affected places.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on ethnographic, child‐centred research in elementary schools in Lebanon. It explores how the 2006 war between Hezbollah and Israel and subsequent internal sectarian strife in Lebanon have shaped the ways in which school communities confront issues of violence and identity.FindingsBy viewing the relationship between education and violent conflict as multifaceted and context‐dependent, this paper elicits how schools may become complicit in the continuing of violent conflict, rather than supporting its ending. It shows how teachers' pleas for peace are overruled by political conflict, partly as a result of children's engagement with politics. The paper argues for grounding educational interventions in children's lived realities so as to optimise their capacities for bridging differences and shaping a better future.Originality/valueThe lived experiences of students and teachers in conflict zones have rarely been exposed. On the basis of anthropological research, this paper offers original and critical insights into the interrelationships between education and violent conflict, based on the perspectives of elementary school students and their educators.
Bringing down the walls: young people's perspectives on peace‐walls in Belfast
Authors: Leonard Madeleine , McKnight Martina 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present young people's attitudes to peace‐walls in Belfast and whether they feel that these peace‐walls should be temporary or permanent structures.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on questionnaire responses from 125 young people between the ages of 14 and 15 from six schools located in areas in Belfast where Catholics and Protestants live side by side yet apart. The paper is also based on their responses to photo prompts, focus group discussions and images of peace‐walls drawn by some of the young people.FindingsThe young people produced six discourses on peace‐walls in Belfast and these are outlined in the paper.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper endorses the necessity of incorporating young people's views of peace‐walls in Belfast as a prelude to finding ways in which to challenge taken‐for‐granted assumptions about the legacy of the conflict in Northern Ireland.Originality/valueThe paper is original in that it addresses the neglect of young people's views on peace‐walls in Belfast and contributes to further understanding of the importance of capturing young people's spatial strategies in divided cities.
Child soldiers: our representation challenged by their reality
Authors: Grétry Lucille 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to present some events in the life of ex‐child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in relation to the social policy in place and the social representation of child soldiers and childhood in the country. The paper presents an overall picture of the different interventions used with child soldiers in Kinshasa, some elements of the social representation of the child soldier, and finally three stages in a child soldier's life, which bring into question those representations.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative approach including general informal observation, semi‐directive interviews, focus groups based on drawings and inquired‐investigator exercises with 45 ex‐child soldiers in three towns in DRC. Finally 12 interviews, based on the image classification exercise were carried out with Congolese adults belonging to the middle class in Kinshasa.FindingsThe paper suggests that child soldiers are represented as passive victims, while the reality of their life shows their capacity for action and decision.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the continuing fighting inside DRC, part of the population is not accessible.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for actions by the NGO sector or other kinds of aid organization.Originality/valueFirst, the paper uses new tools for collecting data from children. Second, it presents a study of a subject that, whilst being widely popularized through the media, lacks adequate scientific research. Third, the paper brings into question the Western point of view of the experience of child soldiers.
Factor adjustment implications of a Trade Promotion Agreement between the United States and Colombia
Authors: Clark Don P. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper proposes to use changes in intra‐industry specialization indicators over the period 1996‐2008 to assess the potential for factor adjustment pressures that may arise in the USA if the proposed USA‐Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) is implemented. Results show that there is considerable scope for intra‐industry specialization between Colombia and the USA. The TPA should result in a larger increase in US exports to Colombia than US imports from Colombia, because Colombian exporters face much lower tariffs in the USA market than do US exporters in the Colombian market. Given the tariff asymmetry, scope for intra‐industry specialization, the relatively large size of the US market, and the small number of US industries that are likely to encounter factor adjustment pressures, the USA should ratify the agreement immediately.Design/methodology/approachChanges in intra‐industry specialization indicators are used to identify US industries that may face factor adjustment pressures as a result of the proposed USA‐Colombia TPA.FindingsThere is considerable scope for intra‐industry specialization between Colombia and the USA. Few US industries will be candidates for factor adjustment pressures.Practical applicationsThe USA should ratify the TPA.Originality/valueA new methodology is used to assess potential factor adjustment pressures associated with a TPA.
A re‐examination of Wagner's Law using US total state and local expenditure and its sub‐categories
Authors: Mahdavi Saeid 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the validity of Wagner's Law using annual data (1957‐2006) for the US state‐local government (SLG) real expenditure and eight of its sub‐categories.Design/methodology/approachThe co‐integration tests of Johansen and the bounds testing approach to co‐integration proposed by Pesaranet al.were carried out to determine whether a long‐term equilibrium relationship existed between real per capita GDP (pcgdp) and the expenditure variables scaled by real GDP. The income elasticity coefficients of the expenditure variables were then estimated. The direction of causality was tested in the context of error‐correction models (ECM) and the Toda‐Yamamoto approach, which allows for estimating level relationships without pre‐testing for unit roots.FindingsMost SLG expenditure variables were found to be non‐stationary and income‐elastic. However, with the exception of total expenditure (te), insurance trust benefits (ins) and social services and income maintenance (ssim), no other non‐stationary expenditure variable was co‐integrated with pcgdp and error‐corrected over time. The ECM results suggested that te, ins and ssim were driven by pcgdp, consistent with a Wagnerian causal ordering. The Toda‐Yamamoto approach, however, indicated that in these and a few other cases the causal effect was bidirectional.Originality/valueThis paper provides a fairly comprehensive test of Wagner's Law at the US sub‐national government level with an emphasis on the concepts of co‐integration and (long‐run) causality in the income‐expenditure nexus. Its findings underscore the importance of using disaggregated expenditure measures to test Wagner's Law, as they suggest that some, but not all, rapidly growing and non‐stationary expenditure sub‐categories were decoupled from pcgdp in the long run.
Effect of inflation uncertainty, output uncertainty and oil price on inflation and growth in Australia
Authors: Mallik Girijasankar , Chowdhury Anis 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between inflation, inflation uncertainty, growth and growth uncertainty for Australia.Design/methodology/approachMultivariate EGARCH models has been used to estimate the relationship between inflation, inflation uncertainty, growth and growth uncertainty for Australia.FindingsUsing quarterly data in multivariate EGARCH models, this study finds that both inflation uncertainty and output uncertainty have negative and significant effects on output growth. The paper also finds that, while inflation uncertainty has a positive and significant effect on inflation, output uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on inflation. The study uses a newly constructed oil price dummy as a control variable and finds that oil price changes significantly increase inflation uncertainty. The study also finds that inflation uncertainty and the inflation level have both declined since the adoption of a formal inflation‐targeting monetary policy in Australia.Research limitations/implicationsMultivariate EGARCH model can be used to estimate the effects of inflation, inflation uncertainty, growth and growth uncertainty for cross‐country analysis.Originality/valueThis is the first study of the effect of inflation uncertainty and growth uncertainty on inflation and growth in Australia using a newly constructed oil price dummy in a multivariate EGARCH framework.
The diffusion of ATM technology in Indian banking
Authors: Kumar Lakshmi , Malathy D. , Ganesh L.S. 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand technology diffusion in the banking sector in India by analyzing ATM (automatic teller machine) technology and its replacement of the teller (labor). ATMs are fast emerging as an important IT investment for a bank in India. Hence, in this paper the authors use the ATM as a proxy for capital and the teller as a proxy for labor.Design/methodology/approachThe debate on the “IT paradox” is the motivation for this paper. The constant elasticity of substitution (CES) model is used, as the degree of substitution can be estimated. The degree of substitutability of one form of input for another namely, ATM (capital) for teller (labor), is discussed by developing an appropriate model to understand the same.FindingsThe rapid diffusion of the ATM was clearly large from 1998, nine years after it was first adopted. This was also a time when the number of tellers was falling and the wage bill for tellers increasing. The CES production function model used in this paper is clearly a good predictor of the data compared with the other cases. The estimate shows that the degree of substitutability of the teller by the ATM is high. However, the ATM is not a perfect substitute. By running counterfactual experiments, it can be concluded that both a fall in the price of ATMs and an increase in the wage bill for tellers contributed to the diffusion of the ATM.Practical implicationsThe excess labor in public sector banks needs to be redeployed rapidly, or staff need to be trained in other functions as do private banks, so that they do not become redundant as technology diffuses.Originality/valueThe paper is original in its data, its model building and testing in the banking sector.
The decision to outsource management advisory services
Authors: Kent Pamela 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper, using transaction cost economics as a theoretical framework, is to seek an understanding of a company's decision to purchase Management Advisory Services (MAS) from their external auditors and other consultants as opposed to assembling MAS internally within the company.Design/methodology/approachData from annual reports for a pooled sample of 3,154 company years were collected for listed Australian companies to determine MAS from auditors. Data for a second sample were collected by undertaking a survey of listed companies to provide a figure for total management advisory services paid to auditors and other consultants. Ordinary least squares regression was used to analyse the data and predict companies' decision to outsource or internally generate MAS.FindingsIt is found that purchases of MAS from external auditors and other consultants are associated with, restructuring, number of controlled entities (subsidiaries), number of geographical segments, management change and frequency of contracting. Other company characteristics, including company's industry membership, short‐term growth, leverage, return on assets, use of a “big 5” auditor, type of audit report, and audit fees also explain the quantity of MAS purchased by a company from their external auditors and other consultants.Originality/valueTransaction cost economics has not previously been applied to explain the decision to generate MAS internally by assembling knowledge within the company versus outsourcing from auditors and other consultants. The study makes use of unique data sets because it covers the period when regulations were not foreshowed restricting accounting firms supplying their audit clients with MAS.