bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing In‐Situ Measurement of Representative BVOC Emission Factors Considering Intraspecific Variability
Authors: Zeng Jianqiang , Zhang Yanli , Pang Weihua , Ran Haofan , Guo Hao , Song Wei , Wang Xinming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurately measuring emission factors (Es) of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with consideration of intraspecific variability is vital but often overlooked. This study presents in‐situ measurements of BVOC emissions from 114 Eucalyptus urophylla individuals using the LI‐6800 portable photosynthesis system. We observed intraspecific variability exceeding an order of magnitude in BVOC Es. Despite this variability, our approach yielded statistically representative Es for E. urophylla, yet challenging the feasibility of extensive field measurements. By quickly screening net photosynthesis rate (Pn) across a broad set of individuals and selecting those within a specific Pn range, such as mean ± 0.1 × SD (standard deviation) of Pn for all screened individuals, for detailed BVOC emission measurements, we achieved comparable mean Es with approximately 10% of the original sampling effort. This offers a practical solution for efficient and accurate field measurement of representative BVOC Es, significantly reducing required sample size while effectively addressing intraspecific variability.
Silicon-photonics-enabled chip-based 3D printer
Authors: Corsetti Sabrina , Notaros Milica , Sneh Tal , Stafford Alex , Page Zachariah A. , Notaros Jelena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImagine if it were possible to create 3D objects in the palm of your hand within seconds using only a single photonic chip. Although 3D printing has revolutionized the way we create in nearly every aspect of modern society, current 3D printers rely on large and complex mechanical systems to enable layer-by-layer addition of material. This limits print speed, resolution, portability, form factor, and material complexity. Although there have been recent efforts in developing novel photocuring-based 3D printers that utilize light to transform matter from liquid resins to solid objects using advanced methods, they remain reliant on bulky and complex mechanical systems. To address these limitations, we combine the fields of silicon photonics and photochemistry to propose the first chip-based 3D printer. The proposed system consists of only a single millimeter-scale photonic chip without any moving parts that emits reconfigurable visible-light holograms up into a simple stationary resin well to enable non-mechanical 3D printing. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a stereolithography-inspired proof-of-concept version of the chip-based 3D printer using a visible-light beam-steering integrated optical phased array and visible-light-curable resin, showing 3D printing using a chip-based system for the first time. This work demonstrates the first steps towards a highly-compact, portable, and low-cost solution for the next generation of 3D printers.
The association of triglyceride–glucose index with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Liu Huiruo , Wang Liangshan , Wang Hong , Hao Xing , Du Zhongtao , Li Chenglong , Hou Xiaotong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is indicated to be linked with adverse outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), for its pro-inflammatory and pro-thromboplastic function. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a newly developed substitute marker for IR. The aim of this pooled analysis was to provide a summary of the relationship of TyG index with occurrences of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) among populations suffering from AMI.

Methods
Cohorts reporting multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of TyG index with MACCEs or its independent events were identified through systematically searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of science, Embase and Cochrane databases. Results were combined using a random-effects model.

Results
21 cohorts comprising 20403 individuals were included. Compared to individuals in the lowest TyG category, patients in the highest TyG category exhibited elevated risks of both MACCEs (P < 0.00001) and all-cause death (P < 0.00001). These findings were in line with the results as TyG analyzed as continuous variables (MACCEs: P = 0.006; all-cause death: P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that diabetic status, type of AMI, nor the reperfusion therapy did not destruct this correlation (for subgroups, all P < 0.05).

Conclusion
All these indicated that higher TyG index could potentially predict MACCEs and all-cause death in patients with AMI as an independent indicator.
BCAAs acutely drive glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance: role of AgRP neurons
Authors: Shah Harsh , Gannaban Ritchel B. , Haque Zobayda Farzana , Dehghani Fereshteh , Kramer Alyssa , Bowers Frances , Ta Matthew , Huynh Thy , Ramezan Marjan , Maniates Ashley , Shin Andrew C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
High-protein diets are often enriched with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) known to enhance protein synthesis and provide numerous physiological benefits, but recent studies reveal their association with obesity and diabetes. In support of this, protein or BCAA supplementation is shown to disrupt glucose metabolism while restriction improves it. However, it is not clear if these are primary, direct effects of BCAAs or secondary to other physiological changes during chronic manipulation of dietary BCAAs.

Methods
Three-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were acutely treated with either vehicle/BCAAs or BT2, a BCAA-lowering compound, and detailed in vivo metabolic phenotyping, including frequent sampling and pancreatic clamps, were conducted.

Results
Using a catheter-guided frequent sampling method in mice, here we show that a single infusion of BCAAs was sufficient to acutely elevate blood glucose and plasma insulin. While pre-treatment with BCAAs did not affect glucose tolerance, a constant infusion of BCAAs during hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity. Similarly, a single injection of BT2 was sufficient to prevent BCAA rise during fasting and markedly improve glucose tolerance in high-fat-fed mice, suggesting that abnormal glycemic control in obesity may be causally linked to high circulating BCAAs. We further show that chemogenetic over-activation of AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus, as present in obesity, significantly impairs glucose tolerance that is completely normalized by acute BCAA reduction. Interestingly, most of these effects were demonstrated only in male, but not in female mice.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that BCAAs per se can acutely impair glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, thus offering an explanation for how they may disrupt glucose metabolism in the long-term as observed in obesity and diabetes. Our findings also reveal that AgRP neuronal regulation of blood glucose is mediated through BCAAs, further elucidating a novel mechanism by which brain controls glucose homeostasis.
HOXD10 attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting NOX4-induced ferroptosis
Authors: Li Xin , Ma Tian-Kui , Wang Pu , Shi Hang , Hai Sang , Qin Yu , Zou Yun , Zhu Wan-Ting , Li Hui-Min , Li Yan-Nong , Yin Li , Xu Yan-Yan , Yang Qi , Zhang Shuang , Ding Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal fibrosis is an unavoidable result of various manifestations. However, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Here, we revealed the novel role of Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) in CKD-related fibrosis. HOXD10 expression was downregulated in CKD-related in vitro and in vivo fibrosis models. UUO model mice were administered adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing HOXD10, and HOXD10 overexpression plasmids were introduced into human proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by TGF-β1. The levels of iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS, the oxidized glutathione/total glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using respective assay kits. Treatment with AAV–HOXD10 significantly attenuated fibrosis and renal dysfunction in UUO model mice by inhibiting NOX4 transcription, ferroptosis pathway activation, and oxidative stress. High levels of NOX4 transcription, ferroptosis pathway activation and profibrotic gene expression induced by TGF-β1/erastin (a ferroptosis agonist) were abrogated by HOXD10 overexpression in HK-2 cells. Moreover, bisulfite sequencing PCR result determined that HOXD10 showed a hypermethylated level in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. The binding of HOXD10 to the NOX4 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Targeting HOXD10 may represent an innovative therapeutic strategy for fibrosis treatment in CKD.
Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals increased regeneration in diseased human inner ear balance organs
Authors: Wang Tian , Ling Angela H. , Billings Sara E. , Hosseini Davood K. , Vaisbuch Yona , Kim Grace S. , Atkinson Patrick J. , Sayyid Zahra N. , Aaron Ksenia A. , Wagh Dhananjay , Pham Nicole , Scheibinger Mirko , Zhou Ruiqi , Ishiyama Akira , Moore Lindsay S. , Maria Peter Santa , Blevins Nikolas H. , Jackler Robert K. , Alyono Jennifer C. , Kveton John , Navaratnam Dhasakumar , Heller Stefan , Lopez Ivan A. , Grillet Nicolas , Jan Taha A. , Cheng Alan G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMammalian inner ear hair cell loss leads to permanent hearing and balance dysfunction. In contrast to the cochlea, vestibular hair cells of the murine utricle have some regenerative capacity. Whether human utricular hair cells regenerate in vivo remains unknown. Here we procured live, mature utricles from organ donors and vestibular schwannoma patients, and present a validated single-cell transcriptomic atlas at unprecedented resolution. We describe markers of 13 sensory and non-sensory cell types, with partial overlap and correlation between transcriptomes of human and mouse hair cells and supporting cells. We further uncover transcriptomes unique to hair cell precursors, which are unexpectedly 14-fold more abundant in vestibular schwannoma utricles, demonstrating the existence of ongoing regeneration in humans. Lastly, supporting cell-to-hair cell trajectory analysis revealed 5 distinct patterns of dynamic gene expression and associated pathways, including Wnt and IGF-1 signaling. Our dataset constitutes a foundational resource, accessible via a web-based interface, serving to advance knowledge of the normal and diseased human inner ear.
Vortex entropy and superconducting fluctuations in ultrathin underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconductor
Authors: Hu Shuxu , Qiao Jiabin , Gu Genda , Xue Qi-Kun , Zhang Ding 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVortices in superconductors can help identify emergent phenomena but certain fundamental aspects of vortices, such as their entropy, remain poorly understood. Here, we study the vortex entropy in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x by measuring both magneto-resistivity and Nernst effect on ultrathin flakes (≤2 unit-cell). We extract the London penetration depth from the magneto-transport measurements on samples with different doping levels. It reveals that the superfluid phase stiffness ρs scales linearly with the superconducting transition temperature Tc, down to the extremely underdoped case. On the same batch of ultrathin flakes, we measure the Nernst effect via on-chip thermometry. Together, we obtain the vortex entropy and find that it decays exponentially with Tc or ρs. We further analyze the Nernst signal above Tc in the framework of Gaussian superconducting fluctuations. The combination of electrical and thermoelectric measurements in the two-dimensional limit provides fresh insight into high temperature superconductivity.
Spectro-temporal acoustical markers differentiate speech from song across cultures
Authors: Albouy Philippe , Mehr Samuel A. , Hoyer Roxane S. , Ginzburg Jérémie , Du Yi , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHumans produce two forms of cognitively complex vocalizations: speech and song. It is debated whether these differ based primarily on culturally specific, learned features, or if acoustical features can reliably distinguish them. We study the spectro-temporal modulation patterns of vocalizations produced by 369 people living in 21 urban, rural, and small-scale societies across six continents. Specific ranges of spectral and temporal modulations, overlapping within categories and across societies, significantly differentiate speech from song. Machine-learning classification shows that this effect is cross-culturally robust, vocalizations being reliably classified solely from their spectro-temporal features across all 21 societies. Listeners unfamiliar with the cultures classify these vocalizations using similar spectro-temporal cues as the machine learning algorithm. Finally, spectro-temporal features are better able to discriminate song from speech than a broad range of other acoustical variables, suggesting that spectro-temporal modulation—a key feature of auditory neuronal tuning—accounts for a fundamental difference between these categories.
Superconducting spintronic heat engine
Authors: Araujo Clodoaldo Irineu Levartoski de , Virtanen Pauli , Spies Maria , González-Orellana Carmen , Kerschbaumer Samuel , Ilyn Maxim , Rogero Celia , Heikkilä Tero Tapio , Giazotto Francesco , Strambini Elia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeat engines are key devices that convert thermal energy into usable energy. Strong thermoelectricity, at the basis of electrical heat engines, is present in superconducting spin tunnel barriers at cryogenic temperatures where conventional semiconducting or metallic technologies cease to work. Here we realize a superconducting spintronic heat engine consisting of a ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet tunnel junction (EuS/Al/AlOx/Co). The efficiency of the engine is quantified for bath temperatures ranging from 25 mK up to 800 mK, and at different load resistances. Moreover, we show that the sign of the generated thermoelectric voltage can be inverted according to the parallel or anti-parallel orientation of the two ferromagnetic layers, EuS and Co. This realizes a thermoelectric spin valve controlling the sign and strength of the Seebeck coefficient, thereby implementing a thermoelectric memory cell. We propose a theoretical model that allows describing the experimental data and predicts the engine efficiency for different device parameters.
Months-long tracking of neuronal ensembles spanning multiple brain areas with Ultra-Flexible Tentacle Electrodes
Authors: Yasar Tansel Baran , Gombkoto Peter , Vyssotski Alexei L. , Vavladeli Angeliki D. , Lewis Christopher M. , Wu Bifeng , Meienberg Linus , Lundegardh Valter , Helmchen Fritjof , von der Behrens Wolfger , Yanik Mehmet Fatih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe introduce Ultra-Flexible Tentacle Electrodes (UFTEs), packing many independent fibers with the smallest possible footprint without limitation in recording depth using a combination of mechanical and chemical tethering for insertion. We demonstrate a scheme to implant UFTEs simultaneously into many brain areas at arbitrary locations without angle-of-insertion limitations, and a 512-channel wireless logger. Immunostaining reveals no detectable chronic tissue damage even after several months. Mean spike signal-to-noise ratios are 1.5-3x compared to the state-of-the-art, while the highest signal-to-noise ratios reach 89, and average cortical unit yields are ~1.75/channel. UFTEs can track the same neurons across sessions for at least 10 months (longest duration tested). We tracked inter- and intra-areal neuronal ensembles (neurons repeatedly co-activated within 25 ms) simultaneously from hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex in freely moving rodents. Average ensemble lifetimes were shorter than the durations over which we can track individual neurons. We identify two distinct classes of ensembles. Those tuned to sharp-wave ripples display the shortest lifetimes, and the ensemble members are mostly hippocampal. Yet, inter-areal ensembles with members from both hippocampus and cortex have weak tuning to sharp wave ripples, and some have unusual months-long lifetimes. Such inter-areal ensembles occasionally remain inactive for weeks before re-emerging.
Structural basis of promoter recognition by Staphylococcus aureus RNA polymerase
Authors: Yuan Linggang , Liu Qingyang , Xu Liqiao , Wu Bing , Feng Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBacterial RNAP needs to form holoenzyme with σ factors to initiate transcription. While Staphylococcus aureus σA controls housekeeping functions, S. aureus σB regulates virulence, biofilm formation, persistence, cell internalization, membrane transport, and antimicrobial resistance. Besides the sequence difference, the spacers between the −35 element and −10 element of σB regulated promoters are shorter than those of σA regulated promoters. Therefore, how σB recognizes and initiates transcription from target promoters can not be inferred from that of the well studied σ. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of S. aureus RNAP-promoter open complexes comprising σA and σB, respectively. Structural analyses, in combination with biochemical experiments, reveal the structural basis for the promoter specificity of S. aureus transcription. Although the −10 element of σA regulated promoters is recognized by domain σA2 as single-stranded DNA, the −10 element of σB regulated promoters is co-recognized by domains σB2 and σB3 as double-stranded DNA, accounting for the short spacers of σB regulated promoters. S. aureus RNAP is a validated target of antibiotics, and our structures pave the way for rational drug design targeting S. aureus RNAP.
Machine-learning structural reconstructions for accelerated point defect calculations
Authors: Mosquera-Lois Irea , Kavanagh Seán R. , Ganose Alex M. , Walsh Aron 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDefects dictate the properties of many functional materials. To understand the behaviour of defects and their impact on physical properties, it is necessary to identify the most stable defect geometries. However, global structure searching is computationally challenging for high-throughput defect studies or materials with complex defect landscapes, like alloys or disordered solids. Here, we tackle this limitation by harnessing a machine-learning surrogate model to qualitatively explore the structural landscape of neutral point defects. By learning defect motifs in a family of related metal chalcogenide and mixed anion crystals, the model successfully predicts favourable reconstructions for unseen defects in unseen compositions for 90% of cases, thereby reducing the number of first-principles calculations by 73%. Using CdSexTe1−x alloys as an exemplar, we train a model on the end member compositions and apply it to find the stable geometries of all inequivalent vacancies for a range of mixing concentrations, thus enabling more accurate and faster defect studies for configurationally complex systems.
Cubic double perovskites host noncoplanar spin textures
Authors: Paddison Joseph A. M. , Zhang Hao , Yan Jiaqiang , Cliffe Matthew J. , McGuire Michael A. , Do Seung-Hwan , Gao Shang , Stone Matthew B. , Dahlbom David , Barros Kipton , Batista Cristian D. , Christianson Andrew D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetic materials with noncoplanar magnetic structures can show unusual physical properties driven by nontrivial topology. Topologically-active states are often multi-q structures, which are challenging to stabilize in models and to identify in materials. Here, we use inelastic neutron-scattering experiments to show that the insulating double perovskites Ba2YRuO6 and Ba2LuRuO6 host a noncoplanar 3-q structure on the face-centered cubic lattice. Quantitative analysis of our neutron-scattering data reveals that these 3-q states are stabilized by biquadratic interactions. Our study identifies double perovskites as a highly promising class of materials to realize topological magnetism, elucidates the stabilization mechanism of the 3-q state in these materials, and establishes neutron spectroscopy on powder samples as a valuable technique to distinguish multi-q from single-q states, facilitating the discovery of topologically-nontrivial magnetic materials.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of early detection and bundled treatment of postpartum hemorrhage alongside the E-MOTIVE trial
Authors: Williams Eleanor V. , Goranitis Ilias , Oppong Raymond , Perry Samuel J. , Devall Adam J. , Martin James T. , Mammoliti Kristie-Marie , Beeson Leanne E. , Sindhu Kulandaipalayam N. , Galadanci Hadiza , Alwy Al‑beity Fadhlun , Qureshi Zahida , Hofmeyr G. Justus , Moran Neil , Fawcus Sue , Mandondo Sibongile , Middleton Lee , Hemming Karla , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Gallos Ioannis D. , Coomarasamy Arri , Roberts Tracy E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTimely detection and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) are crucial to prevent complications or death. A calibrated blood-collection drape can help provide objective, accurate and early diagnosis of PPH, and a treatment bundle can address delays or inconsistencies in the use of effective interventions. Here we conducted an economic evaluation alongside the E-MOTIVE trial, an international, parallel cluster-randomized trial with a baseline control phase involving 210,132 women undergoing vaginal delivery across 78 secondary-level hospitals in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the E-MOTIVE intervention, which included a calibrated blood-collection drape for early detection of PPH and a bundle of first-response treatments (uterine massage, oxytocic drugs, tranexamic acid, intravenous fluids, examination and escalation), compared with usual care. We used multilevel modeling to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from the perspective of the public healthcare system for outcomes of cost per severe PPH (blood loss ≥1,000 ml) avoided and cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted. Our findings suggest that the use of a calibrated blood-collection drape for early detection of PPH and bundled first-response treatment is cost-effective and should be perceived by decision-makers as a worthwhile use of healthcare budgets. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04341662.