bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoleptic and Chemical Properties of Coconut and Sesame Oils and their Blends
Authors: Yalegama LLWC , Jayasekara C , Upali SAR , Abeygunawardhana MJ 
Published: August 2009

The chemical properties of six blends of coconut and sesame oils, and the organoleptic qualities of the blends and foods prepared with them were studied. The blends prepared for testing were: (1) 100% coconut oil; (2) 90 % coconut and 10 % sesame; (3) 75 % coconut and 25 % sesame; (4) 50 % coconut and 50 % sesame; (5) 25 % coconut and 75 % sesame; and (6) 100 % sesame oil. In sensory evaluations, on a Five-point Hedonic scale, all the oil blends were found to be acceptable for deep frying of fish and oil cakes, and shallow frying of noodles. Oil blends 1, 2 and 3, in descending order, received high sensory scores (4.2-3.8) for taste of deep fried fish; blends 6, 4 and 5 scored less (3.0 points each), but were acceptable. Blend 3 received the highest score of 4.3 for taste of both oil cakes and noodles; other blends ranged from 3.6-3.9. Colour and smell of oil blends 6, 5 and 4 scored only 2.2-2.5 and were not acceptable. Blends with 75% or more of coconut oil scoring 4.2-3.8 for colour and 3.7-3.3 for smell, were acceptable. All the oil blends stored well up to five months without exceeding the prescribed SLS standard for FFA values for edible coconut (white oil) and sesame oils. Blends 1, 2 and 3, containing less than 50 % sesame oil, can be stored for 6 months. After 6 months FFA levels showed an increasing trend. Iodine value did not change significantly but Peroxide values increased steadily during storage. Oil blends with higher proportions of coconut oil had relatively low peroxide values. Fatty acid composition of coconut oil can be altered by blending with sesame oil to increase the unsaturated fatty acid content of coconut oil without affecting its organoleptic qualities. Key words: sesame oil, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, oil blends doi: 10.4038/cocos.v18i0.990COCOS (2007), 18
Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters to Assess Drought Tolerance of Coconut Varieties
Authors: Nainanayake AD 
Published: August 2009

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis as a measure of photosynthesis is increasingly used in eco-physiological studies. It is particularly useful in investigations on the photosynthetic performance of plants in stressful environments. Chlorophyll fluorescence, which can be measured rapidly and conveniently, provides insights into a plant's ability to tolerate environmental stresses such as those of a drought. Damage to the photosynthetic apparatus due to moisture or heat stress, which would reduce photosynthetic assimilation and eventually the yield, can be detected at a very early stage of the drought. This technique is widely used to identify stress tolerant plants and crop varieties. However, this technique has not been utilized to identify putative drought tolerant coconut varieties. Hence, the objective of this study was to set out the basic principles of the technique, discuss its applications in eco-physiological studies, and evaluate its potential to screen coconut varieties for drought tolerance. San Ramon, a tall form of coconut introduced to Sri Lanka few decades ago and a few other local tall accessions in the germplasm conservation blocks in the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka appeared to possess a photosynthetic apparatus which was clearly more tolerant to moisture stress conditions than the other accessions. SRR, SRG, SA, CL PI & PW were the most drought tolerant of the 40 genotypes tested. The results generated by using Fv/Fm, were consistent with results of other important parameters such as the rate of photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Even the basic parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, for instance the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) measured on dark-adapted coconut leaves showed promise as a selection criterion in future screening programmes due to its quick, non-invasive and reliable nature. Similarities of fluorescence parameters observed between seedlings and adult palms enables fairly confident predictions on the performance of adult palms, based on studies with seedlings. In general, chlorophyll fluorescence appears as a promising tool for screening coconut palms for their drought tolerance. Key words: Coconut, drought tolerance, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, Fv/Fm doi: 10.4038/cocos.v18i0.991 COCOS (2007), 18
Growth, Development and Dry Matter Accumulation in the Fruit of <i>Cocos nucifera</i> L. var <i>nana</i> form <i>pumila</i>
Authors: Jayasuriya VU De S , Perera RKIS 
Published: August 2009

The growth and development, from fertilization to maturity, of the fruit of Cocos nucifera var. Nana form pumila and its components, were studied in terms of dry matter accumulation. The development of the fruit showed an approximately sigmoidal pattern with a substantial linear phase during which most of the increase in dry weight occurred. During the linear phase of growth the rate of dry matter accumulation by the whole fruit was about 70.9g/ month. A linear phase was evident in the growth curves of each of the fruit components husk, shell, and endosperm. The growth curves of these components also conformed to a sigmoid pattern. The husk, shell and endosperm commenced growth in the first, fifth and sixth months respectively. Over the 11 month period of fruit development the three components grew simultaneously only over a three month period from five to eight months after fertilization. The rapid growth phase of the husk, shell and endosperm extended from three to seven months, five to nine months and six to ten months, respectively. During this linear growth phase the average growth rate of the endosperm was 39.9g/ month and the highest rate of growth was 53.1g / month in the ninth month. At maturity the total fruit dry weight was 476g with the husk contributing 41.9%, the shell 22.5% and the endosperm 35.6%. COCOS, (1985) 3 16-21 doi: 10.4038/cocos.v3i0.817
The Sulphur Nutrition of Coconut
Authors: De Silva MAT , Anthonypillai Greta M , Mathes DT 
Published: August 2009

The sulphur content in the sixth leaf from the apex of coconut palms was Found to be the most sensitive index to sulphur treatments. Although the S concentration in this leaf correlated negatively with applied levels of S, the response curve was concave. Sulphur treatments increased the total yield of fruits and weight of copra, but decreased the weight of kernel per nut The derived curve for yield versus S concentration in the tissue was C-shaped, attributed to growth dilution effects caused by enhanced initial growth following the restoration of a nutrient in minimum. COCOS, (1985) 3 22-28 doi: 10.4038/cocos.v3i0.818
On Some Hyperparasites of <i>Opisina arenosella</i> The Black-Headed Caterpillar Pest of Coconut in Malabar, India
Authors: Ghosh SM , Abdurahiman UC 
Published: August 2009

Investigations carried out on the parasite-hyperparasite complex of the coconut pest Opisina arenosella Walker indicate that the hyperparasites considerably reduce the population of the parasites and thus lower the efficiency of the latter as biological control agents. Over half the cocoons of the parasitoid Apanteles taragamae Vier., were parasitised by the hyperparasites, with Aphanogmus manilae Ashmead accounting for 27.14% followed by Meteoridea hutsoni (Nixon) (17.14%), Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan and Pediobius imbreus (Walker) (2.86% each) and Eurytoma albotibialis Ashmead (1.42%). P. imbreus also caused 29.8% parasitism on Bracon brevicornis Wesmael. Brief descriptions of the biology of some of the hyperparasites are also given. COCOS, (1985) 3 29-31 doi: 10.4038/cocos.v3i0.819
Production of B4C coatings by CVD method in a dual impinging‐jet reactor: Chemical yield, morphology, and hardness analysis
Authors: Karaman Mustafa , Sezgi N. Aslı , Özbelge H. Önder 
Published: August 2009

Abstractβ‐rhombohedral boron carbide (B4C) was deposited on a tungsten substrate from a BCl3H2CH4gas mixture in a dual impinging‐jet chemical vapor deposition reactor. On‐line FTIR analysis of the product stream proved the formation of BHCl2and HCl as by products, in a competing parallel reaction. A maximum of 13% chemical yield of boron carbide was observed, and the yield was found to have increasing trend with an increase in temperature. XRD analysis proved the existence of rhombohedral B4C phase at 1300°C without any other B4C phases or impurities. At this temperature, the formation of 5‐fold icosahedral boron carbide crystals up to 30 micron sizes was observed. Such highly symmetric crystalline regions were observed to have a very high hardness value of 4750 kg/mm2as revealed from the microhardness analysis. The change in product morphology at low substrate temperatures resulted in a decrease in the hardness values. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Solution theory model for thermophysical properties of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures
Authors: Restrepo Albeiro , Bent Gary D. , Michels H. Harvey 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA general model for predicting the thermophysical properties of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures has been developed based on applicable theory for the excess Gibbs energy of nonideal solutions. In our approach, flexible thermodynamic forms are chosen to describe the properties of both the gas and liquid phases of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. After an extensive study of models for describing nonideal liquid effects, the Wohl [3]‐suffix equations, which have been extensively used in the analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures, have been developed into a general form applicable to mixtures where one component is a polyolester or alkylbenzene lubricant. We have developed a nonideal solution computer code, based on the Wohl model that predicts dew point or bubble point conditions over a wide range of composition and temperature and includes the calculation of the enthalpy and entropy of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. Our present analysis includes the thermodynamic properties of an ideal solution mixture and the corrections due to nonideal solution behavior. These nonideal solution corrections are based on analysis of the excess Gibbs energy of the mixture. We find that these nonideal solution corrections are small (<4%) for most refrigerant/lubricant mixtures, except at very low temperatures. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Heat and mass transfer during microwave‐convective drying
Authors: Kowalski Stefan J. , Musielak Grzegorz , Banaszak Jacek 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe article presents a mathematical model of drying that describes the kinetics of combined microwave‐convective drying for the process as a whole. Based on this model, the drying curves and the temperature evolutions of the drying body were constructed by a number of computer‐simulated drying programs, which were chosen to follow the respective experimental processes carried out on a cylindrical sample made of kaolin. The experimental data allowed both the estimate of material coefficients arising in the model and the validation of the theory. A very satisfactory correlation of the theoretical predictions with the experimental data is found. The main novelty of this article is the mathematically complete drying model that describes all periods of the microwave‐convective drying process. Application of such a complete model is necessary if we want to optimize drying processes with respect to drying time and consumption of energy via computer simulations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Concentration polarization in a narrow reverse osmosis membrane channel
Authors: Song Lianfa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConcentration polarization in a narrow reverse osmosis channel is bounded by the channel height and under the influence of variable transverse velocity. An attempt was made in this article to quantify concentration polarization in such a narrow membrane channel. The transverse velocity in the membrane channel was first determined and its impact on concentration polarization was investigated. Based on the concept of retained salt, analytical equations were developed for the wall salt concentration at an arbitrary point in the narrow membrane channel. Finally, development of concentration polarization in typical reverse osmosis channels under various conditions was numerically simulated and discussed. Interesting results on the details of concentration polarization in the narrow reverse osmosis channel that had never been reported before were revealed with this mechanistic model. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Preparation of polymer‐supported polyethylene glycol and phase‐transfer catalytic activity in benzoate synthesis
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Zhuang Rubin , Guo Jianfeng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe crosslinked polymeric microspheres (GMA/MMA) of glycyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by suspension polymerization. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted on GMA/MMA microsphers via the ring‐opening reaction of the epoxy groups on the surfaces of GMA/MMA microspheres, forming a polymer‐supported triphase catalyst, PEG‐GMA/MMA. The Phase‐transfer catalytic activity of PEG‐GMA/MMA microspheres was evaluated using the esterification reaction of n‐chlorobutane in organic phase and benzoic acid in water phase as a model system. The effects of various factors on the phase transfer catalysis reaction of liquid–solid–liquid were investigated. The experimental results show that the PEG‐GMA/MMA microspheres are an effective and stable triphase catalyst for the esterification reaction carried out between oil phase and water phase. The polarity of the organic solvent, the ratio of oil phase volume to water phase volume and the density of the grafted PEG on PEG‐GMA/MMA microspheres affect the reaction rate greatly. For this investigated system, the solvent with high polarity is appropriate, an adequate volume ratio of oil phase to water phase is 2:1, and the optimal PEG density on the polymeric microspheres is 15 g/100 g. Triphase catalysts offer many advantages associated with heterogeneous catalysts such as easy separation from the reaction mixture and reusability. The activity of PEG‐GMA/MMA microspheres is not nearly decreased after reusing of 10 recycles. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Millisecond catalytic reforming of monoaromatics over noble metals
Authors: Balonek C. M. , Colby J. L. , Schmidt L. D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe millisecond autothermal reforming of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, and styrene were independently studied over five noble metal‐based catalysts: Pt, Rh, Rh/γ‐Al2O3, Rh–Ce, and Rh–Ce/γ‐Al2O3, as a function of carbon‐to‐oxygen feed ratio. The Rh–Ce/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest feedstock conversion as well as selectivities to both synthesis gas and hydrocarbon products (lowest selectivities to H2O and CO2). Experimental results demonstrate a high stability of aromatic rings within the reactor system. Benzene and toluene seem to react primarily heterogeneously, producing only syngas and combustion products. Ethylbenzene and cumene behaved similarly, with higher conversions than benzene and toluene, and high product selectivity to styrene, likely due to homogeneous reactions involving their alkyl groups. Styrene exhibited low conversions over Rh–Ce/γ‐Al2O3, emphasizing the stability of styrene in the reactor system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Emerging mechanisms in morphogen‐mediated axon guidance
Authors: Sánchez‐Camacho Cristina , Bovolenta Paola 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEarly in animal development, gradients of secreted morphogenic molecules, such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wnt and TGFβ/Bmp family members, regulate cell proliferation and determine the fate and phenotype of the target cells by activating well‐characterized signalling pathways, which ultimately control gene transcription. Shh, Wnt and TGFβ/Bmp signalling also play an important and evolutionary conserved role in neural circuit assembly. They regulate neuronal polarization, axon and dendrite development and synaptogenesis, processes that require rapid and local changes in cytoskeletal organization and plasma membrane components. A key question then is whether morphogen signalling at the growth cone uses similar mechanisms and intracellular pathway components to those described for morphogen‐mediated cell specification. This review discusses recent advances towards the understanding of this problem, showing how Shh, Wnt and TGFβ/Bmp have adapted their ‘classical’ signalling pathways or adopted alternative and novel molecular mechanisms to influence different aspects of neuronal circuit formation.
Carotenoids in evolutionary ecology: re‐evaluating the antioxidant role
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Lorenzo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe antioxidant role of carotenoids in the living organism was proposed as a possible basis for the honesty of carotenoid‐based signals. However, recent studies have questioned the relevance of carotenoids as powerful antioxidants in vivo. Current evidence does not seem to support the “antioxidant role” hypothesis, but it does not allow us to reject it either. This paper proposes some steps to solve this controversy, such as taking a dynamic approach to antioxidant responses, designing protocols that expose individuals to oxidative challenges, analyzing tissues other than blood, and obtaining measures of antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage simultaneously. However, it should be considered that, irrespective of their antioxidant potential, carotenoids might still give information on oxidative stress levels if they are particularly sensitive to free radicals. Finally, lumping together the immunostimulatory and antioxidant roles of carotenoids should be avoided as these functions are not necessarily associated.
Safety of extended endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection following the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association treatment guidelines
Authors: Jee Y S , Hwang S-H , Rao J , Park D J , Kim H-H , Lee H-J , Yang H-K , Lee K U 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are widely performed. Indications for these procedures have been extended in Korea and Japan. The aim was to evaluate whether these extended indications are safe.

Methods
All patients who had surgery for early gastric cancer at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between May 2003 and December 2007 were identified from a prospective database. Lymph node status was examined in patients who met extended indications for EMR and had undergone surgical resection.

Results
Of patients with mucosal cancers, 129 met extended indications for EMR or ESD and three (2·3 per cent) had lymph node metastasis. Of the 52 submucosal cancers meeting extended indications for EMR or ESD, two (4 per cent) had lymph node metastasis. Differentiated mucosal cancers without ulcer formation did not have lymph node metastasis, irrespective of size.

Conclusion
Extending the indications for EMR and ESD according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association guidelines carries an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. For cancers meeting these criteria, treatment by gastric resection with lymph node dissection should still be considered. A well differentiated mucosal cancer of any size without ulceration may be considered as an extended indication for EMR or ESD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Quaternary Subnitride, Sr2GeGaN.
Authors: Park Dong Gon , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis of CuIr2S4.
Authors: Kijima N. , Yashiro H. , Awaka J. , Akimoto J. , Nagata S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Cation Substitution on Electrical Conductivity of the n‐Type CuxInyCrzSe4 Spinels.
Authors: Maciazek E. , Gron T. , Duda H. , Waskowska A. , Jendrzejewska I. , Malicka E. , Augustyn E. , Mazur S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Variety in the Pseudo‐ternary System M/Ge/I: α‐[NMe(nBu)3](GeI4)I, β‐[NMe(nBu)3](GeI4)I and [ImMe(nBu)][N(nBu)4](GeI4)3I2.
Authors: Wolff Michael , Feldmann Claus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Expansion Mode of Polyoxovanadate Clusters: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of {[Cu(H2O) (C5H14N2)2]2 [V16O38(Cl)] }·4(C5H16N2).
Authors: Wutkowski Adam , Naether Christian , Speldrich Manfred , Koegerler Paul , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Monoclinic and Cubic Forms of the A‐Site‐Ordered (BiMn3)Mn4O12 Perovskite.
Authors: Imamura Naoki , Karppinen Maarit , Yamauchi Hisao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Bi3Mn4O12(NO3) Oxynitrate Comprising S = 3/2 Honeycomb Lattice.
Authors: Smirnova Olga , Azuma Masaki , Kumada Nobuhiro , Kusano Yoshihiro , Matsuda Masaaki , Shimakawa Yuichi , Takei Takahiro , Yonesaki Yoshinori , Kinomura Nobukazu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of SrFe[BP2O8(OH)2].
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Hoffmann Stefan , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.