bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal Protein Decoration of DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Meyer Rebecca , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe development of robust DNA–protein coupling techniques is mandatory for applications of DNA nanostructures in biomedical diagnostics, fundamental biochemistry, and other fields in biomolecular nanosciences. The use of self‐labeling fusion proteins, which are orthogonal to biotin–streptavidin and antibody–antigen interactions, is described for the site‐selective protein decoration of two exemplary DNA nanostructures: a four‐way junction X‐tile motif and a 3D DNA tetrahedron. Multifunctional DNA superstructures bearing up to four different proteins are generated and characterized by electrophoresis and microplate‐based functionality assays. Steric and electrostatic interactions are identified as critical parameters controlling the efficiency of DNA–protein ligation. The results indicate that this method is versatile and broadly applicable, not only for the functionalization of DNA architectures but also for the site‐specific decoration of other molecular materials and devices containing several different proteins.
The RNA-Binding Protein Unr Prevents Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation Toward the Primitive Endoderm Lineage
Authors: Elatmani Habiba , Dormoy-Raclet Virginie , Dubus Pierre , Dautry François , Chazaud Claire , Jacquemin-Sablon Hélène 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) pluripotency depends on key transcription factors, chromatin remodeling proteins, and microRNAs. The roles of RNA-binding proteins are however poorly understood. We report that the cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein Unr prevents the differentiation of ESCs into primitive endoderm (PrE). We show that unr knockout (unr−/−) ESCs spontaneously differentiate into PrE, and that Unr re-expression in unr−/− ESCs reverses this phenotype. Nevertheless, unr−/− ESCs retain pluripotency, producing differentiated teratomas, and the differentiated unr−/− ESCs coexpress the PrE inducer Gata6 and the pluripotency factors Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. Interestingly, in the differentiated unr−/− ESCs, Nanog and Sox2 exhibit a dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. This situation, that has never been reported, likely reflects an early differentiation state toward PrE. Finally, we show that Unr destabilizes Gata6 mRNAs and we propose that the post-transcriptional repression of Gata6 expression by Unr contributes to the stabilization of the ESCs pluripotent state.
The study of welded semi‐rigid connections in fire
Authors: Yahyai Mahmood , Daryan Amir Saedi 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYConsidering the deterioration of steel properties by temperature increase and the importance of the influence of connection behavior on the behavior of steel structures, we find that the exact understanding of the behavior of a specific steel connection in fire as well as the information about the effect of fire on the principal constitutive characteristics of the connection is necessary for safe design against fire. Thus, in this paper, the behavior of welded angle connections is studied at elevated temperatures using the abaqus finite element software. Steel members and connection components are considered to behave nonlinearly; the degradation of steel properties with increasing temperature is considered according to EC3, BS5950 recommendations. The results of finite element and experimental tests conducted on welded angle connections are compared, and the obtained failure modes and moment–rotation–temperature characteristics are in good agreement with those associated with the experimental tests. In the following, since the knowledge about moment–temperature–rotation behavior of a specific connection is needed for a fire‐resistant design, these properties are accurately determined, and finally, the effect of some parameters such as the moment applied on beam, change of column axial force and change of beam shear force on the stiffness of these connections at elevated temperatures is determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial rotor position estimation of a SRM drive installed in an electric vehicle
Authors: Tungpimolrut Kanokvate , Jitkreeyarn Prapon , Kachapornkul Seubsuang , Somsiri Pakasit , Chiba Akira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper an estimation method of the initial rotor position at a stand still condition for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives is proposed. In the SRM, a rotor shaft is connected to an incremental encoder, thus, only an initial position should be detected to realize smooth start up operation. The proposed method is injecting voltage pulses to all windings and detecting the current and estimating the position based on a simple relation between inductance profile and phase current. With an accurate estimated rotor position, the motor can start smoothly under heavy load. The proposed method is implemented in a 6‐stator‐pole and 4‐rotor‐pole, 1.5 kW switched reluctance motor installed in an electric vehicle. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel sensor for measurement of liquid level and low concentration of electrolytic solution
Authors: Lu Gui‐Rong , Zhu Zheng‐Wei , He Qi‐Wei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel approach proposed for measurement of the liquid level and the low concentration of the electrolytic solution using a single sensor at the same time is presented. For achieving this proposed sensing, a multifunctional sensor with a novel structure is designed. Two sensing functions namely the capacitance and inductance sensing functions can be realized by this sensor. From this sensing, unknown liquid levels and concentrations of the electrolytic solution in a single tank are estimated, respectively. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The cloud chamber and CTR Wilson's legacy to atmospheric science
Authors: Harrison Giles 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCharles Thomas Rees (‘CTR’) Wilson (1869–1959) received the 1927 Nobel Prize for the cloud chamber, first described in a paper published a century ago. The cloud chamber makes high energy particles visible. Wilson's principal work was in atmospheric electricity at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, and his scientific legacy is both to particle physics and atmospheric science. In atmospheric electricity Wilson provided the ‘global circuit’ concept with which to understand the current flow between disturbed weather and fair weather regions elsewhere. The cloud chamber remains actively used in physics education and the global circuit is central in atmospheric electricity research. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The Great Storm of 1–2 October 1697 revisited
Authors: van der Schrier Gerard , Groenland Rob 
Published: September 2011

AbstractJohn Kington (1998) commemorated the great storm of 1–2 October 1697 in Weather. The exceptionally high water levels in the German Bight on those days, due to an unlucky combination of a spring tide and a storm surge, were the highest recorded in the seventeenth century in that area. New data have surfaced since John Kington's study and in this contribution we hope to add to the existing knowledge by adding a few details and presenting tentative synoptic analyses of the situations preceding the storm and during the storm itself. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles in tumor therapy
Authors: Kannan Raghuraman , Zambre Ajit , Chanda Nripen , Kulkarni Rajesh , Shukla Ravi , Katti Kavita , Upendran Anandhi , Cutler Cathy , Boote Evan , Katti Kattesh V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe development of new treatment modalities that offer clinicians the ability to reduce sizes of tumor prior to surgical resection or to achieve complete ablation without surgery would be a significant medical breakthrough in the overall care and treatment of prostate cancer patients. The goal of our investigation is aimed at validating the hypothesis that Gum Arabic‐functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles (GA‐198AuNP) have high affinity toward tumor vasculature. We hypothesized further that intratumoral delivery of the GA‐198AuNP agent within prostate tumor will allow optimal therapeutic payload that will significantly or completely ablate tumor without side effects, in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. In order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this new nanoceutical, GA‐198AuNP was produced by stabilization of radioactive gold nanoparticles (198Au) with the FDA‐approved glycoprotein, GA. This review will describe basic and clinical translation studies toward realization of the therapeutic potential and myriad of clinical applications of GA‐198AuNP agent in treating prostate and various solid tumors in human cancer patients. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:42–51. doi: 10.1002/wnan.161This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Health effects of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white‐tailed deer in New Jersey
Authors: Gionfriddo James P. , Denicola Anthony J. , Miller Lowell A. , Fagerstone Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the health effects of GonaCon™ Immunocontraceptive Vaccine in individual white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. We captured and vaccinated adult females, fawns of both sexes, and yearling and adult males, and evaluated their health status through field and necropsy observations, assessment of blood chemistry, and histopathological examination of selected tissues. One 1.0‐mL intramuscular injection of vaccine was delivered by hand to the hind limb of each GonaCon‐treated deer. Control deer received sham injections (ad F) or no injections (yearling and ad M). Mean body‐condition scores of GonaCon‐treated adult females and males were greater than those of corresponding control groups. No evidence of limping or impaired mobility was noted in study deer during the 2‐year study. No adverse effects of vaccination were detected in major organs, organ systems, body condition, fat deposits, or blood chemistry. Injection‐site lesions (granulomatous nodules and sterile abscesses) occurred in the deep hind‐limb musculature of >85% of GonaCon‐treated and sham‐injected deer but were not detectable externally. Reactions at injection sites and in lymph nodes were typical responses to injection of vaccines formulated as water‐in‐oil emulsions, especially those, like GonaCon, that contain mycobacteria. The formation of injection‐site lesions may be a necessary component of the immune response that causes infertility in treated animals. Natural resource managers who use GonaCon to manage deer in settings such as developed areas and public parks will ultimately determine its value and applicability. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Biological consequences of winter‐feeding of mule deer in developed landscapes in Northern Utah
Authors: Peterson Chris , Messmer Terry A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWinter‐feeding of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in developed landscapes is often advocated by stakeholders to compensate for lost or fragmented winter range. However the reported benefits of winter‐feeding mule deer to increase survival and productivity in altered landscapes are mixed. Few studies have examined the long‐term effects of winter‐feeding on mule deer productivity. We studied the effects of a winter‐feeding program conducted in a developed landscape in northern Utah, USA from 2001 to 2006 on the productivity, survival, and mortality of 92 adult female deer (does) that were captured and radiocollared on 4 feed and 4 nonfeed sites. We also evaluated the potential for feeding programs to impact winter‐range habitat quality through increased browse utilization. Fawn production (P = 0.36), and survival (P = 0.12) did not differ for fed and nonfed does. Deer–vehicle collisions were the primary cause of mortality for radiocollared deer in both populations (P = 0.97). Utilization of desired browse species was higher on sites where deer were fed (P ≤ 0.001), although deer numbers were similar at feed and nonfeed sites. When developing big game winter‐feeding policies for developed landscapes, managers must consider the full range of long‐term potential population and habitat impacts to include increased anthropogenic‐related mortality and increased potential for habitat degradation prior to policy implementation. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
CPR for Urban deer management objectives: Clarity, practicality, and relevance
Authors: Rudolph Brent A. , Etter Dwayne R. , Schaefer Sara M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEffective management of formerly scarce and now abundant game species has been identified as a considerable challenge facing the North American model of wildlife conservation. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management efforts in developed landscapes are often contentious and face numerous obstacles to implement. We drew upon our experiences conducting, overseeing, and assessing deer management in urban–suburban–exurban settings, and summarized a variety of literature to identify both biological and social complexities encountered. We concluded that many challenges may be addressed by developing clear fundamental and enabling program objectives, related to practical limitations, and measured through metrics relevant to fundamental desires of stakeholders. Although managers often seek to implement programs to address fundamental objectives related to condition of deer populations or impacts on plant communities, the greatest public concerns often relate to threats to public safety (e.g., risk of being involved in a deer–vehicle collision or contracting Lyme disease) and property (e.g., costs from deer–vehicle collisions or damaged landscaping). Establishing practical expectations requires considering the biological complexities of deer management regarding the potential of 1) density‐dependent reproductive responses, 2) time lags between population response to management and changes in condition indices and vegetation response, and 3) nonlinear relationships between deer densities and several key fundamental objectives. Relevance to public expectations for some objectives requires developing appropriate metrics of success and potentially pursuing an alternative to the typical enabling objective of reducing the deer population. Paying attention to CPR—clarity, practicality, and relevance of management programs—can resuscitate the public's trust in managers' abilities to effectively manage public trust resources. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Changing landscapes for white‐tailed deer management in the 21st century: Parcelization of land ownership and evolving stakeholder values in Michigan
Authors: Campa Henry , Riley Shawn J. , Winterstein Scott R. , Hiller Tim L. , Lischka Stacy A. , Burroughs Jordan P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) create positive and negative effects incurred by stakeholders throughout the midwestern United States. Knowledge of deer ecology and stakeholder values for deer are needed to match the level of acceptable impacts with the capabilities of management. To address this challenge, we 1) quantified how landscape characteristics in southwestern and south‐central Michigan, USA affect the distribution and population characteristics of deer throughout agro‐forested landscapes, 2) quantified factors affecting stakeholder acceptance capacity for deer, and 3) present a deer management framework based on desired levels of impacts in relation to existing conditions. We investigated ecological components by radiocollaring deer during 2001–2006 and analyzed their movements, survival, and mortality factors in landscapes with diverse land‐ownerships. Sociological components were investigated through interviews and questionnaires sent to 3,520 households. Southern Michigan residents identified a visible deer herd (a perceptual cue to the naturalness of the area) as a positive impact. Concerns about deer, especially deer–vehicle collisions, were weighed against positive impacts in determining acceptable levels of deer–human interactions. Nonhunting, nonfarming rural residents, a stakeholder of increasing size and influence, perceived impacts distinct from those perceived by hunters and farmers. Small annual home ranges of yearlings–adults (77–202 ha) and fawns (60–116 ha) and high survival rates (yearling–adult = 0.40–0.94, fawns = 0.51–0.76) may be attributed to the parcelization of land, habitat quality, and positive values stakeholders hold for deer. Knowledge of the impacts perceived and the effect of impacts on acceptance capacity for deer may enable managers to develop management actions that complement existing programs and address stakeholder values. Knowledge of deer ecology, landscape characteristics, and responses of stakeholders to deer are critical for managing the impacts of white‐tailed deer. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
M0.5C11H12N2O2 (M = Zn, Co, Ni): A Two‐dimensional Layered Hybrid Compound Derived from L‐Tryptophan Containing Helical Chains
Authors: Shen Si , Zhao Lang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of two‐dimensional (2D) layered transition metal coordination polymers, M0.5C11H12N2O2 [M = Zn (1), Co (2), Ni (3)], were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions with biological amino acid D,L‐tryptophan molecules as ligands. The crystal structures of all compounds were isomorphous. Compounds 1–3 were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Only the structure of compound 1 is discussed in detail. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c (No.14), a = 19.778(4) Å, b = 5.3988 Å, c = 9.2837 Å, β = 97.13(3)°, V = 983.6(3) Å3, and Z = 4. In its structure, each zinc atom is octahedrally coordinated to four tryptophan ligands that are bonded to the zinc atom in a tridentate fashion through one Zn–N(‐NH2) and two Zn–O(COO–) bonds. Furthermore, compound 1 exhibits solid state fluorescence emission maxima at 340 and 420 nm, compound 2 at 340, 422, 485 nm, and compound 3 at 337, 424, 488 nm upon excitation at 295 nm.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Decomposition, and Sensitive Properties of Two Novel Energetic Cadmium(II) Complexes Based on 4‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Wang Shi‐Wei , Yang Li , Feng Jin‐Ling , Wu Bi‐Dong , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Zhou Zun‐Ning 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo new energetic complexes [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(Ac)2(H2O)](Ac = acetate) and [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(H2O)4](PA)2 (PA = picrate) were synthesized by using 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (4‐ATZ) as ligand and characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the two compounds crystallize in monoclinic C2/c and triclinic P$\bar{1}$ space groups, respectively. The central cadmium(II) ion is seven‐coordinate in [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(Ac)2(H2O)] and six‐coordinate in [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(H2O)4](PA)2. The coordination sites of the 4‐ATZ ligand in both compounds are the N1 atoms of the triazole rings, which is in agreement with the computational results. Thermal decomposition mechanisms were determined based on DSC and TG‐DTG analysis, and kinetic parameters of decomposition were studied by using Kissinger's and Ozawa‐Doyle's methods. In the next step, measurements of heat of combustion and sensitivities to mechanical and thermal stimulus were performed. The energies of combustion of the two compounds were determined to be 10.75 MJ·kg–1 and 11.35 MJ·kg–1, respectively. Sensitivity tests showed that [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(Ac)2(H2O)] was insensitive to external stimulus and [Cd(4‐ATZ)2(H2O)4](PA)2 had high impact sensitivity and low friction and flame sensitivities.
Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in captive jaguars (Panthera onca)
Authors: Conforti Valéria A. , Morato Ronaldo G. , Augusto Anderson M. , de Oliveira e Sousa Lúcio , de Avila David M. , Brown Janine L. , Reeves Jerry J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractJaguars are threatened with extinction throughout their range. A sustainable captive population can serve as a hedge against extinction, but only if they are healthy and reproduce. Understanding how jaguars respond to stressors may help improve the captive environment and enhance their wellbeing. Thus, our objectives were to: (1) conduct an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) challenge to validate a cortisol radioimmunoassay (RIA) for noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in jaguars; (2) investigate the relationship between fecal corticoid (FCM) and androgen metabolite (FAM) concentrations in males during the ACTH challenge; and (3) establish a range of physiological concentrations of FCMs for the proposed protocol. Seven jaguars (3 M, 4 F) received 500 IU/animal of ACTH. Pre‐ and post‐ACTH fecal samples were assayed for corticoid (M and F) and androgen metabolites (M) by RIA. Concentrations of FCMs increased (P80.01) after ACTH injection (pre‐ACTH: 0.90 ± 0.12 µg/g dry feces; post‐ACTH: 2.55 ± 0.25 µg/g). Considering pre‐ and post‐ACTH samples, FCM concentrations were higher (P80.01) in males (2.15 ± 0.20 µg/g) than in females (1.30 ± 0.20 µg/g), but the magnitude of the response to ACTH was comparable (P>0.05) between genders. After ACTH injection, FAMs increased in two (of 3) males; in one male, FCMs and FAMs were positively correlated (0.60; P80.01). Excretion of FCMs was assessed in 16 jaguars (7 M, 9 F) and found to be highly variable (range, 80.11–1.56 µg/g). In conclusion, this study presents a cortisol RIA for monitoring adrenocortical function in jaguars noninvasively. Zoo Biol 31:426–441, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response of the sexes of the subdioecious plant Honckenya peploides to nutrients under different salt spray conditions
Authors: Sánchez‐Vilas Julia , Retuerto Rubén 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSex dimorphic plants often show sex‐specific differences in growth and biomass allocation. These differences have been explained as a consequence of the different reproductive functions performed by the sexes. Such differences may determine the performance of each sex in different habitats and therefore might explain the spatial segregation of the sexes described in many dimorphic plants. We examined the growth, reproductive and physiological responses of the sexes of the subdioecious plant Honckenya peploides to two levels each of salt spray and nutrients, which are assumed to be important selective forces in coastal environments. We found sex‐related differences in H. peploides. In particular, females allocated proportionally more dry mass to reproduction and grew less and more slowly than males regardless of salt spray and nutrient conditions, which is interpreted as a trade‐off between reproductive and vegetative growth. Regarding physiological response, nutrients significantly increased values of photochemical reflectance index (PRI) in females but not in males, suggesting that photochemical efficiency is more limited by nutrients in females than in males. PRI values also suggest intersexual differences in protection requirements against photoinhibition. The study did not find sex‐differential responses to salt spray, which caused a decrease in reproductive effort in both sexes. The sex‐related differences in relative growth rates, reproductive allocation and photosynthetic features found here may contribute to explaining habitat‐related between‐sex differences in performance and, therefore, the spatial segregation of the sexes observed in H. peploides.