bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with double curve and polymorphisms of calmodulin1 gene/estrogen receptor‐α gene
Authors: Zhao Dong , Qiu Gui‐xing , Wang Yi‐peng , Zhang Jian‐guo , Shen Jian‐xiong , Wu Zhi‐hong 
Published: July 2009

Objective:  To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the calmodulin1 (CALM1) and estrogen receptor‐α genes correlate with double curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods:  A total of 67 Chinese patients with AIS with double curve and 100 healthy controls were recruited. Curve pattern and Cobb angle of each patient were recorded. The Cobb angle is at least 30°. There were 60 patients with Cobb angle ≥ 40°. According to the apical location of the major curve, there were 40 thoracic curve patients. Four polymorphic loci, including rs12885713 (−16C > T) and rs5871 in the CALM1 gene and rs2234693 (Pvu II) and rs9340799 (Xba I) in the estrogen receptor 1 (ER1) gene were analyzed by the ABI3730 genetic analyzer.Results:  The current study indicates that: (i) there are statistical differences between patients with double curve, with Cobb angle ≥ 40° and with thoracic curve and healthy controls in the polymorphic distribution of the rs2234693 site of the ER1 gene, (P= 0.014, 0.0128, 0.0184 respectively); (ii) there is a difference between patients with double curve and controls in the polymorphic distribution of the rs12885713 site in the CALM1 gene (P= 0.034); and (iii) there is a difference between thoracic curve patients and controls in the polymorphic distribution of the rs5871 site in the CALM1 gene (P= 0.0102).Conclusions:  Different subtypes of AIS might be related to different SNP. A combination of CALM1 and ER1 gene polymorphisms might be related to double curve in patients with AIS. Further study is necessary to confirm these hypotheses.
Clinical experience and results of lumbar microendoscopic discectomy: a study with a five‐year follow‐up
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Min , Wang Jian , Chu Tong‐wei , Zhang Zheng‐feng , Li Chang‐qing 
Published: July 2009

Objective:  To investigate the efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation over a five‐year follow‐up period.Methods:  Between January 2000 and December 2002, 275 patients were accepted for MED in our hospital. A retrospective review was carried out on 151 of these cases with a mean of five years follow‐up. The study helped us to assess the efficacy of this technique in the treatment of lumbar disc diseases. Modified MacNab criteria were used to assess the clinical outcome, and the disc‐height ratio was assessed radiographically according to the Mochida's method.Results:  According to the modified MacNab criteria, 78.8% of patients were rated as excellent, 13.2% as good, 4.6% as fair, and 3.3% as poor. Complications included five revision surgeries due to recurrence of herniation, five dural lacerations during operation, and three cases of vertebral/disc infection. The average disc‐height ratio was 76.25%. Approximately 57% of the patients maintained their primary engagement.Conclusion:  MED is both feasible and efficacious for the management of lumbar disc disease. On the basis of the present study it is concluded that MED is better than open discectomy (OD).
Elasticity Approach to Load Transfer in Cord-Composite Materials
Authors: Paris Anthony J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn elasticity approach to the mechanics of load transfer in cord-reinforced composite materials is developed. Finite cords embedded in an elastic matrix and subjected to axial loading is considered, and the extension-twist coupling of the cords is taken into account. Closed form solutions for the axial force and twisting moment in the cord, the shear stresses at the cord-matrix interface in the axial and circumferential directions, the effective axial modulus of the cord, and the apparent modulus of the cord composite are presented. An example of a cord composite typical of what can be found in steel-belted-radial tires is used to illustrate the results. It was found that large shear stresses occur at the cord-matrix interface in both the axial and circumferential directions at the cord ends and that the effective modulus of the cords may be greatly reduced. As a result, the apparent modulus of the composite may be significantly less than that found by a conventional application of the rule-of-mixtures approach.
Energy Dissipation in
Normal Elastoplastic Impact Between Two Spheres
Authors: Du Yanchen , Wang Shulin 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Elastoplastic deformation occurs widely in engineering impact. Although many empirical solutions of elastoplastic impact between two spheres have been obtained, the analytical solution, verified by means of other methods, to the impact model has not been put forward. This paper proposes a dynamic pattern of elastoplastic impact for two spheres with low relative velocity, in which three stages are introduced and elastic and plastic regions are both considered. Finite element analyses with various parameters are carried out to validate the above model. The numerical results prove to agree with the theoretical predictions very well. Based on this model, the dissipation nature of elastoplastic impact are then analyzed, and the conclusion can be drawn that materials with lower yield strength, higher elastic modulus, and higher mass density have better attenuation and dissipation effects. The study provides a basis to predict the particle impact damping containing plastic deformation and to model the impact damped vibration system enrolling microparticles as a damping agent.
Contact Characteristics of Circular-Arc Curvilinear Tooth Gear Drives
Authors: Wu Yi-Cheng , Chen Kuan-Yu , Tsay Chung-Biau , Ariga Yukinori 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In this paper, the circular-arc curvilinear tooth gear drive is proposed. The gear and pinion tooth surfaces are generated by two complemented circular-arc rack cutters with curvilinear tooth-traces. According to the theory of gearing, the mathematical model of the proposed gear is developed. The tooth contact analysis technique is utilized to investigate the kinematical errors of circular-arc curvilinear tooth gear drives under different assembly errors. Contact patterns of the circular-arc curvilinear tooth gear drive are simulated by the developed computer-aided tooth contact analysis programs and surface topology method. Numerical examples are presented to show the kinematical errors of the circular-arc curvilinear tooth gear set under different assembly conditions. Relations among the circular-arc tooth profile, curvilinear tooth-trace, contact ratio, contact pattern, and kinematical error are also demonstrated by numerical examples.
BEAM SEARCH HEURISTICS FOR THE SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH LINEAR EARLINESS AND QUADRATIC TARDINESS COSTS
Authors: VALENTE JORGE M. S. 
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we consider the single machine scheduling problem with linear earliness and quadratic tardiness costs, and no machine idle time. We present heuristic algorithms based on the beam search technique. These algorithms include classic beam search procedures, as well as the filtered and recovering variants. Several dispatching rules are considered as evaluation functions, to analyze the effect of different rules on the effectiveness of the beam search algorithms. The computational results show that using better rules improves the performance of the beam search heuristics. The detailed, filtered beam search (FBS) and recovering beam search (RBS) procedures outperform the best existing heuristic. The best results are given by the recovering and detailed variants, which provide objective function values that are quite close to the optimum. For small to medium size instances, either of these procedures can be used. For larger instances, the detailed beam search (DBS) algorithm requires excessive computation times, and the RBS procedure then becomes the heuristic of choice.
Proglacial, periglacial or paraglacial?
Authors: Slaymaker Olav 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The terms proglacial and periglacial are well-understood descriptors of contemporary and past environments, but the paraglacial concept is more controversial and has prompted vigorous debate. Definitions are reviewed and the paraglacial concept is considered critically. It is argued that the term ‘paraglacial’ defined as ‘non-glacial processes conditioned by glaciation’ describes landscapes that are adjusted neither to Last Glacial Maximum nor to contemporary geomorphic processes. Where a landscape is paraglacial it can be characterized in terms of rate of change and trajectory of that change. It cannot be defined in relation to glaciers (as in proglacial) or by cold-climate processes (as in periglacial). Almost all paraglacial landforms and all paraglacial landscapes are transient and transitional. An interesting challenge of paraglacial landscapes is then to determine their rates of change; how far they have advanced along the trajectory from glacial to non-glacial; and how to recognize empirically the temporal and spatial relationships between proglacial, periglacial, paraglacial and fluvial landscapes. Implications of this approach to paraglacial landscapes are discussed in relation to historical and dynamic geomorphology.
On the interpretation of discrete debris accumulations associated with glaciers with special reference to the British Isles
Authors: Whalley W. Brian 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A selection of glacial deposits with distinct morphological or stratigraphic forms associated with glaciers is considered with respect to climatic signals and debris inputs at the time of formation. The relationships are by no means simple and consideration is given, in general terms, to the range of conditions that might apply to a range of depositional features now found ‘relict’ in the British Isles. These factors are spatial (including continentality) and altitudinal, as well as climate and climatic variability. Examples, mainly from present-day marginally glacierized environments, are given to illustrate the complexity of these interrelationships. Features included are: plateau glaciers and their outlets, where moraines of the outlet glaciers may not be representative of the overall behaviour; plateau glaciers and remnant blockfields related to time of formation; the formation of moraines and rock glaciers; and protalus ramparts and protalus lobes as functions of ice and debris input, as well as thermal regime. It is suggested that the relative amounts of ice and rock debris are important in the formation of certain features. Understanding these relationships is an on-going process and is required for effectively mapping an interpretation of past local- and medium-scale environmental conditions.
A Dynamic Causal Model of the Coupling Between Pulse Stimulation and Neural Activity
Authors: Lefebvre Veronique , Zheng Ying , Martin Chris , Devonshire Ian M. , Harris Samuel , Mayhew John E. 
Published: July 2009

We present a dynamic causal model that can explain context-dependent changes in neural responses, in the rat barrel cortex, to an electrical whisker stimulation at different frequencies. Neural responses were measured in terms of local field potentials. These were converted into current source density (CSD) data, and the time series of the CSD sink was extracted to provide a time series response train. The model structure consists of three layers (approximating the responses from the brain stem to the thalamus and then the barrel cortex), and the latter two layers contain nonlinearly coupled modules of linear second-order dynamic systems. The interaction of these modules forms a nonlinear regulatory system that determines the temporal structure of the neural response amplitude for the thalamic and cortical layers. The model is based on the measured population dynamics of neurons rather than the dynamics of a single neuron and was evaluated against CSD data from experiments with varying stimulation frequency (1–40 Hz), random pulse trains, and awake and anesthetized animals. The model parameters obtained by optimization for different physiological conditions (anesthetized or awake) were significantly different. Following Friston, Mechelli, Turner, and Price ( 2000 ), this work is part of a formal mathematical system currently being developed (Zheng et al., 2005 ) that links stimulation to the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal through neural activity and hemodynamic variables. The importance of the model described here is that it can be used to invert the hemodynamic measurements of changes in blood flow to estimate the underlying neural activity.
Operant Matching as a Nash Equilibrium of an Intertemporal Game
Authors: Loewenstein Yonatan , Prelec Drazen , Seung H. Sebastian 
Published: July 2009

Over the past several decades, economists, psychologists, and neuroscientists have conducted experiments in which a subject, human or animal, repeatedly chooses between alternative actions and is rewarded based on choice history. While individual choices are unpredictable, aggregate behavior typically follows Herrnstein's matching law: the average reward per choice is equal for all chosen alternatives. In general, matching behavior does not maximize the overall reward delivered to the subject, and therefore matching appears inconsistent with the principle of utility maximization. Here we show that matching can be made consistent with maximization by regarding the choices of a single subject as being made by a sequence of multiple selves—one for each instant of time. If each self is blind to the state of the world and discounts future rewards completely, then the resulting game has at least one Nash equilibrium that satisfies both Herrnstein's matching law and the unpredictability of individual choices. This equilibrium is, in general, Pareto suboptimal, and can be understood as a mutual defection of the multiple selves in an intertemporal prisoner's dilemma. The mathematical assumptions about the multiple selves should not be interpreted literally as psychological assumptions. Human and animals do remember past choices and care about future rewards. However, they may be unable to comprehend or take into account the relationship between past and future. This can be made more explicit when a mechanism that converges on the equilibrium, such as reinforcement learning, is considered. Using specific examples, we show that there exist behaviors that satisfy the matching law but are not Nash equilibria. We expect that these behaviors will not be observed experimentally in animals and humans. If this is the case, the Nash equilibrium formulation can be regarded as a refinement of Herrnstein's matching law.
An unusual groin mass. Seminal vesicle abscess: a case report
Authors: Saha Sunita , Wright Georgina , Arulampalam Tan , Corr John 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The rare pathology of seminal vesicle abscess is usually diagnosed with computerised tomography scan and confirmed with transrectal ultrasound. We report a recently encountered case where diagnosis proved difficult owing to the non-specific clinical presentation.
Patient risk factors and adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in the elderly: a case report
Authors: Zagler Bernhard , Kaneppele Angelika , Pattis Peter , Stockner Ingrid , Sitzmann Günther , Widmann Josef , Pernthaler Heinrich , Wiedermann Christian J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids are both used in the treatment acute gouty arthritis and may adversely interact with colchicine. Gastrointestinal toxicity of colchicine is dose-dependent and can be aggravated by drug-drug and drug-patient interactions.

Case presentation
Colonic perforation associated with second-line administration of colchicine for acute gouty arthrtitis was identified in an elderly man with several comorbidities who was also treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticostroids. Underlying diverticular disease was discovered at the time of surgical therapy.

Conclusions
Initial treatment of acute gouty arthritis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids may increase colchicine toxicity by subsequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction in the gut wall. The literature is reviewed suggesting that diverticular disease should be included in the list of adverse event risk factors when colchicine is being considered.
Distal humeral plating of an intramedullary nail periprosthetic fracture using a miss-a-nail technique: a case report
Authors: Sarraf Khaled M , Singh Ravi , Corbett Steven A 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The treatment of distal humeral periprosthetic fractures is not widely described in the literature. We present a difficult clinical scenario of a 72-year-old man who sustained a displaced distal humeral periprosthetic fracture about a Polarus Plus intramedullary nail. In this case, stable fixation was achieved using bicondylar Acumed Mayo congruent Plates using a miss-a-nail technique. Four months following the post operative period, the patient regained satisfactory range of movement with full function and no further complications up to 18 months post fixation. Treatment of such complex periprosthetic fractures is technically achievable and with potentially good results.
Multiple lung metastases presenting as ground-glass opacities in a pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Yanagitani Noriko , Kaira Kyoichi , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Aoki Haruka , Utsugi Mitsuyoshi , Shimizu Yasuo , Sunaga Noriaki , Endou Katsuaki , Hisada Takeshi , Mori Masatomo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Focal ground-glass opacity on computed tomography suggests several disorders including inflammatory disease, fibrosis, or a primary lung neoplastic lesion, metastatic lung tumor.

Case presentation
The case of a 55-year-old female presenting with adenocarcinoma of the lung is herein reported. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a primary mass lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung and multiple metastases presenting as ground-glass opacities. Macroscopic metastases were observed in the bone, the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, and another lobe. This case was advanced lung cancer. We assumed that the multiple ground-glass opacity lesions were metastasis in the lungs. Chest CT revealed a partial response of the primary site and the multiple ground-glass opacities after systemic chemotherapy.

Conclusion
A metastatic lung tumor showing ground-glass opacity is uncommon. It is quite difficult to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis when patients present with multiple lung nodules. A lot of clinical information is therefore required to make an accurate diagnosis in such cases.
Upper-lip laser frenectomy without infiltrated anaesthesia in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Kafas Panagiotis , Stavrianos Christos , Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Vourvachis Michael , Theodoridis Marios , Stavrianou Irene 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Labial frenectomy is a common surgical procedure in the field of oral surgery. Labial frenectomy is a procedure usually done for orthodontic reasons. The role of laser surgery in the oral cavity is well established. The use of diode laser frenectomy without infiltrated anaesthesia is currently under investigation. Needle-less oral surgery, without infiltrated anaesthesia, is a novel situation in paediatrics with paramount importance.
Uterine adenosarcoma associated to lymphovascular emboli: a case report
Authors: Sakr Rita , Marzouk Paul , Bricou Alexandre , Demaria Fabien , Cortez Annie , Benifla Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Uterine adenosarcoma is a rarely observed polypoid tumor with a mixed benign epithelial element and malignant stromal component. The treatment is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. It could be difficult to diagnose and associated to lymphovascular invasion.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old caucasian uniparous woman presented with uterine bleeding. She had several surgical procedures and pathology of removed recurrent polyps showed no malignancy. Finally, a total abdominal hysterectomy was performed because of atypical cells and suspected uterine adenosarcoma. The hysterectomy specimen confirmed the presence of uterine adenosarcoma associated with lymphatic and vascular tumor emboli. Surgery was completed with a second bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Conclusion
In our report, we present a case of uterine adenosarcoma which was diagnosed after multiple surgical procedures and associated to lymphovascular emboli known to have a significant impact on overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival.
Extra luminal colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report
Authors: Masoodi Ibrahim , Chalkoo Mushtaq , Rashid Arshad , Wani Imtiyaz A 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the commonest mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, the stomach and small intestine are the favored sites of occurrence. They rarely occur in the colon, rectum and esophagus. GIST is neoplasm of mesenchymal origin originating from precursors of the interstitial cells of cajal. The symptoms of gastrointestinal stromal tumor depend on the site and size of the tumor, and may include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding or signs of obstruction; small tumors may, however, be asymptomatic. Majority of the patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor have bloody stools and abdominal pain as the commonest manifestation. We describe a young female with extra luminal colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting as mass abdomen.

Case presentation
We describe 34-year-old female from north Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir who had presented with history of slowly increasing epigastric lump associated with abdominal discomfort of 4 months duration. She had no features of luminal obstruction. Her contrast enhanced computed tomography abdomen revealed a large extra-colonic mass in relation to transverse colon. The tumor was resected and histology was suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Conclusion
Extra luminal colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumors are very rare and can present as mass abdomen. Resection is the treatment of choice.
Cecal epiploica appendix torsion in a female child mimicking acute appendicitis: a case report
Authors: Christianakis Efstratios , Paschalidis Nikolaos , Filippou Georgios , Smailis Dimitrios , Chorti Maria , Rizos Spiros , Filippou Dimitrios 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of the right lower quadrant acute abdominal pain in children. Some other conditions including cecal epiploica appendix torsion, can simulate acute abdomen. Epiploica appendix torsion usually occurs in the sigmoid colon and rarely in the cecum of adult males. In children, this entity is extremely rare and may represent a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. We report a case of an 8-year-old Greek girl, presented with signs and symptoms mimicking acute abdomen. Our patient is the younger one among the other four with cecal epiploica appendix torsion that had been reported in the literature.