bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Structure‐Retention Relationship Study of Mercapto‐Compounds by the Method of Dividing the Molecular Structure into Substructure
Authors: Liu Fengping , Cao Chenzhong , Li Xun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn order to investigate the quantitative structure‐retention relationship in gas chromatography (GC) of mercapto‐esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, the molecular structure RX is divided into two parts, R and X to generate structural parameter. It was proposed that the retention index (RI) is affected by three main factors for mercapto‐compounds: alkyl group R, substituted group X, and interaction between R and X. On the basis of the PEI index previously developed by Cao, the novel total polarizability effect index (TPEI) combining with odd‐even index (OEI) previously developed in our team, were used to predict the RI of mercapto‐compounds. A high quality model (R2=0.9839, s=23.5, F=1432.2) was generated using only calculated descriptors and multiple linear regression techniques. Good results were also obtained for the external data set.
Statistical design for a small serial dilution series
Authors: Zelterman Daniel , Tulupyev Alexander , Heimer Robert , Abdala Nadia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe statistical plans for a serial dilution series designed to detect and estimate the number of viral particles in a solution. The design addresses a problem when a very limited number of aliquots are available for proliferation. A gamma prior distribution on the number of viral particles allows us to describe the marginal probability distribution of all experimental outcomes. We examine a design that minimizes the expected reciprocal information and compare this with the maximum entropy design. We argue that the maximum entropy design is more useful from the point of view of the laboratory technician. The problem and design are motivated by our study of the viability of human immunodeficiency virus in syringes and other equipment that might mediate blood‐borne viral transmission. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing coping strategies by analysing expressive writing samples
Authors: Lee Hyoung S. , Cohn Lawrence D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examined whether coping style can be assessed using a text analysis of expressive writing samples. Participants (n = 153) wrote about a stressful college experience and then completed a depression scale and three coping measures, including the COPE. Writing samples were analysed using Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count computer programme. Depression scores were related to the use of words denoting negative emotions but were unrelated to the use of the pronoun ‘I’. Respondents who used more words denoting negative emotions in their essays obtained lower problem‐focused coping scores on the COPE. The use of insight‐related words was associated with lower scores on measures of emotion‐focused coping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Dependence of Protein Nanocrystal Formation
Authors: Lopez Aitziber Eleta , Moreno‐Flores Susana , Pum Dietmar , Sleytr Uwe B. , Toca‐Herrera José L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe self‐assembly kinetics and nanocrystal formation of the bacterial surface‐layer‐protein SbpA are studied with a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Silane coupling agents, aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), are used to vary the protein–surface interaction in order to induce new recrystallization pathways. The results show that the final S‐layer crystal lattice parameters (a = b = 14 nm, γ = 90°), the layer thickness (15 nm), and the adsorbed mass density (1700 ng cm−2) are independent of the surface chemistry. Nevertheless, the adsorption rate is five times faster on APTS and OTS than on SiO2, strongly affecting protein nucleation and growth. As a consequence, protein crystalline domains of 0.02 µm2 for APTS and 0.05 µm2 for OTS are formed, while for silicon dioxide the protein domains have a typical size of about 32 µm2. In addition, more‐rigid crystalline protein layers are formed on hydrophobic substrates. In situ AFM experiments reveal three different kinetic steps: adsorption, self‐assembly, and crystalline‐domain reorganization. These steps are corroborated by frequency–dissipation curves. Finally, it is shown that protein adsorption is a diffusion‐driven process. Experiments at different protein concentrations demonstrate that protein adsorption saturates at 0.05 mg mL−1 on silane‐coated substrates and at 0.07 mg mL−1 on hydrophilic silicon dioxide.
Imaging Individual Proteins and Nanodomains on Intact Cell Membranes with a Probe‐Based Optical Antenna
Authors: van Zanten Thomas S. , Lopez‐Bosque Maria J. , Garcia‐Parajo Maria F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOptical antennas that confine and enhance electromagnetic fields in a nanometric region hold great potential for nanobioimaging and biosensing. Probe‐based monopole optical antennas are fabricated to enhance fields localized to <30 nm near the antenna apex in aqueous conditions. These probes are used under appropriate excitation antenna conditions to image individual antibodies with an unprecedented resolution of 26 ± 4 nm and virtually no surrounding background. On intact cell membranes in physiological conditions, the obtained resolution is 30 ± 6 nm. Importantly, the method allows individual proteins to be distinguished from nanodomains and the degree of clustering to be quantified by directly measuring physical size and intensity of individual fluorescent spots. Improved antenna geometries should lead to true live cell imaging below 10‐nm resolution with position accuracy in the subnanometric range.
Rattle‐Type Fe3O4@SiO2 Hollow Mesoporous Spheres as Carriers for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhu Yufang , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Hanagata Nobutaka , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRattle‐type Fe3O4@SiO2 hollow mesoporous spheres with different particle sizes, different mesoporous shell thicknesses, and different levels of Fe3O4 content are prepared by using carbon spheres as templates. The effects of particle size and concentration of Fe3O4@SiO2 hollow mesoporous spheres on cell uptake and their in vitro cytotoxicity to HeLa cells are evaluated. The spheres exhibit relatively fast cell uptake. Concentrations of up to 150 µg mL−1 show no cytotoxicity, whereas a concentration of 200 µg mL−1 shows a small amount of cytotoxicity after 48 h of incubation. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), an anticancer drug, is loaded into the Fe3O4@SiO2 hollow mesoporous spheres, and the DOX‐loaded spheres exhibit a somewhat higher cytotoxicity than free DOX. These results indicate the potential of Fe3O4@SiO2 hollow mesoporous spheres for drug loading and delivery into cancer cells to induce cell death.
Multifunctional Magnetic–Optical Nanoparticle Probes for Simultaneous Detection, Separation, and Thermal Ablation of Multiple Pathogens
Authors: Wang Chungang , Irudayaraj Joseph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMultifunctional nanoparticles possessing magnetization and near‐infrared (NIR) absorption have warranted interest due to their significant applications in magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis, bioseparation, target delivery, and NIR photothermal ablation. Herein, the site‐selective assembly of magnetic nanoparticles onto the ends or ends and sides of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios (ARs) to create multifunctional nanorods decorated with varying numbers of magnetic particles is described for the first time. The resulting hybrid nanoparticles are designated as Fe3O4AurodFe3O4 nanodumbbells and Fe3O4Aurod necklacelike constructs with tunable optical and magnetic properties, respectively. These hybrid nanomaterials can be used for multiplex detection and separation because of their tunable magnetic and plasmonic functionality. More specifically, Fe3O4Aurod necklacelike probes of different ARs are utilized for simultaneous optical detection based on their plasmon properties, magnetic separation, and photokilling of multiple pathogens from a single sample at one time. The combined functionalities of the synthesized probes will open up many exciting opportunities in dual imaging for targeted delivery and photothermal therapy.
Ultrasmall, Well‐Dispersed, Hollow Siliceous Spheres with Enhanced Endocytosis Properties
Authors: Zhu Jie , Tang Jiawei , Zhao Lingzhi , Zhou Xufeng , Wang Yunhua , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of ultrasmall, well‐dispersed, hollow siliceous spheres (HSSs) by using a block copolymer as the template and tetraethoxysilane as a silica source under acidic conditions is reported. After removing the surfactant core of as‐synthesized, spherical, silica‐coated block‐copolymer micelles, HSSs with a uniform particle size of 24.7 nm, a cavity diameter of 11.7 nm, and a wall thickness of 6.5 nm are obtained. It is shown that by surface functionalization of HSSs with methyl groups during synthesis, HSSs can be further dispersed in solvents such as water or ethanol to form a stable sol. Moreover, the hollow cavities are accessible for further loading of functional components. In addition, it is demonstrated that HSSs possess superior endocytosis properties for HeLa cells compared to those of conventional mesoporous silica nanoparticles. A feasible and designable strategy for synthesizing novel well‐dispersed hollow structures with ultrasmall diameters instead of conventional ordered mesostructures is provided. It is expected that HSSs may find broad applications in bionanotechnology, such as drug carriers, cell imaging, and targeted therapy.
Morphology‐Controlled Synthesis of SnO2 Nanotubes by Using 1D Silica Mesostructures as Sacrificial Templates and Their Applications in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Jianfeng , Zhang Huijuan , Yang Rong , Li Xingguo , Qi Limin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSnO2 nanotubes with controllable morphologies are successfully synthesized by using a variety of one‐dimensional (1D) silica mesostructures as effective sacrificial templates. Firstly, 1D silica mesostructures with different morphologies, such as chiral nanorods, nonchiral nanofibers, and helical nanotubes, are readily synthesized in aqueous solution by using the triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as binary templates. Subsequently, the obtained 1D silica mesostructures are used as sacrificial templates to synthesize SnO2 nanotubes with preserved morphologies via a simple hydrothermal route, resulting in the formation of well‐defined SnO2 nanotubes with different lengths and unique helical SnO2 nanotubes with a wealth of conformations. It is revealed that both of the short and long SnO2 nanotubes showed much better performance as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries than normal SnO2 nanopowders, which might be related to the hollow structure of the nanotubes that could alleviate the volume changes and mechanical stress during charging/discharging cycling. Moreover, the capacity and cycling performance of short nanotubes, which showed a specific discharge capacity of 468 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles, are considerably better than those of long nanotubes because of the more robust structure of the short nanotubes.
Adolescent peer crowds and patterns of belief in the boundaries of personal authority
Authors: Daddis Christopher 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPatterns of authority beliefs were examined among peer crowds in 598 middle school (M = 12.97 years), early high school (M = 15.10 years), and late high school adolescents (M = 18.25 years). Participants reported beliefs regarding the boundaries of personal authority across personal, prudential, conventional, moral, and multifaceted issues. As expected, analyses revealed persistent differences in belief patterns among crowds within each age group. Tough and Alternative crowds asserted personal authority across all issues, while Prep and Outcast crowds endorsed parental authority. Jock, Hip Hop, and Normal crowds presented with shared‐control patterns, but each crowd ceded and asserted authority over different issues. Discussion focused on crowds' roles in the development of group differences in the boundaries of personal authority.
Discharge patterns of nociceptive primary afferent fibres in the rat coccygeal nerve after UVA‐light exposure
Authors: Themistocleous Andreas , Kamerman Peter , Mitchell Duncan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have shown that administration of the local anaesthetic bupivacaine into the base of rats’ tails prevents the development of hyperalgesia induced by UVA‐light to a noxious thermal challenge, but not to noxious mechanical challenges. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure of rats’ tails to UVA‐light altered the responses of Aδ‐ and C‐fibres innervating the tail to noxious mechanical and noxious thermal challenges. We dissected the right ventral coccygeal nerve in Sprague–Dawley rats that had their tails exposed to, or shielded from, UVA‐light 24‐h earlier. Single afferent Aδ‐ and C‐fibres receptive fields were located and the response of a fibre to noxious blunt (3.9 N bar algometer) and punctate (rat toothed forceps) mechanical challenges, as well as a noxious thermal (49 °C) challenge was measured. In rats exposed to UVA‐light, the peak firing rates and areas under the curve of post‐challenge histograms of Aδ‐ and C‐fibres evoked neural activity were increased when noxious blunt and punctate challenges were applied to the rats’ tails. However, the peak firing rate and areas under the curve of post‐challenge histograms of C‐fibre evoked neural activity, which were responsive to noxious thermal challenges, were not increased after UVA‐light exposure. We have shown that the Aδ‐ and C‐fibres that encode for noxious punctate and blunt challenges were sensitized after UVA‐light exposure, but C‐fibres responsible for encoding noxious thermal challenges were not sensitized by UVA‐light exposure.
Association of biochemical hyperandrogenism with type 2 diabetes and obesity in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhao Xiaomiao , Zhong Junmin , Mo Yaqin , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Yaxiao , Yang Dongzi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of hyperandrogenism on metabolic disorders among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 883 women with PCOS and 717 premenopausal controls identified from the general population.ResultsA total of 686 (77.7%) patients were classified with PCOS based on National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, and 164 out of 197 (83.2%) additional patients had no hyperandrogenism. Women with normal androgen levels exhibited lower frequencies of obesity, type 2 diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, genetic history of diabetes, and elevated Matsuda index compared with hyperandrogenic patients. Hyperandrogenemia, but not hirsutism, was independently associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 5.7; P = 0.028) and obesity (OR 1.7; P = 0.005) among Chinese patients with PCOS.ConclusionsHyperandrogenemia is associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in Chinese women with PCOS and should be considered at first‐line management of hyperandrogenism and infertility due to PCOS.
Trends and determinants of pregnancy‐related domestic violence in a referral center in southern Nigeria
Authors: Olagbuji Biodun , Ezeanochie Michael , Ande Adedapo , Ekaete Ekop 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the trend and identify associated risk factors for pregnancy‐related domestic violence.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 502 women attending the sixth week postnatal clinic in a tertiary hospital in urban Nigeria, participants completed semi‐structured questionnaires on experience of domestic violence before and during pregnancy, and in the puerperium. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with experiencing violence.ResultsThe prevalence of domestic violence was 43.5% during the 12 months before the pregnancy, 28.3% during the pregnancy, and 4% in the puerperium. Psychological violence was the commonest form of violence experienced. All forms of violence were least common in the puerperium. Experience of violence in the 12 months before pregnancy (P < 0.0001, odds ratio 274.34 [95% CI, 66.4–1133.8]), HIV seropositivity (P = 0.02, odds ratio 2.81 [95% CI, 1.2–6.5]), and regular alcohol intake (P < 0.0001, odds ratio 11.60 [95% CI, 3.8–35.1]) significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing domestic violence.ConclusionPregnancy‐related domestic violence is an important health problem in this community in southern Nigeria. Experience of violence before the pregnancy, HIV infection, and regular alcohol consumption are risk factors.
Disparities in Outpatient and Home Health Service Utilization Following Stroke: Results of a 9‐Year Cohort Study in Northern California
Authors: Chan Leighton , Wang Hua , Terdiman Joe , Hoffman Jeanne , Ciol Marcia A. , Lattimore Bernadette Ford , Sidney Steven , Quesenberry Charles , Lu Qi , Sandel M. Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

ObjectiveTo examine whether there are disparities in utilization of outpatient and home care services after stroke.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Kaiser Permanente of Northern California health care system, which provides health care for approximately 3.3 million members.ParticipantsA total of 11,119 patients hospitalized for a stroke between 1996 and 2003 and followed for 1 year.Main Outcome MeasuresReceipt of outpatient rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, or physical medicine and rehabilitation/physiatry visits), and/or home health care.ResultsThere were significant differences in outpatient rehabilitation visits and home health enrollment during the year after acute care discharge for all the parameters under study. Older age and female gender were associated with less outpatient rehabilitation treatment, but these subpopulations were more likely to be enrolled in home health care. Non‐whites, patients from urban areas, those with ischemic strokes, and those with longer acute care hospital stays had relatively more outpatient rehabilitation and were also more likely to be enrolled in the home health program. In addition, patients living in geographic areas with a median household income of $80,000 or more had significantly more outpatient rehabilitation visits than did patients living in lower income areas.ConclusionsVariations in outpatient rehabilitation visits and in home health care exist in this large integrated health system in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, residence area, type of stroke, and length of stay in an acute care hospital. The Kaiser Permanente integrated health care system seems to have outpatient stroke rehabilitation and home health programs that are providing care without disparities in relation to non‐white populations, but other disparities appear to exist that may be related to socioeconomic factors, referral patterns, family support systems, or other cultural factors that have not been identified.
Interrelated structural chemical model to predict and calculate viscosity of magmatic melts and water diffusion in a wide range of compositions and T-P parameters of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle
Authors: Persikov E.S. , Bukhtiyarov P.G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A new physicochemical model is proposed to predict and calculate the viscosity of magmatic melts and water diffusion as functions of the following parameters: Ptot.; Pfl.; T; melt composition, including volatiles (H2O, OH−, CO2, CO32−, F−, Cl−); cation ratios: Al3+/(Si4+ + Al3+), Al3+/(Na+ + K+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+ + Fe 2+), Fe2+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+), and a volume content of crystals and bubbles (up to 0.45, as applied to magma viscosity). The new model is specified by: (1) structural chemical approach; (2) ultimate simplicity of analytical dependences; (3) high accuracy of the prediction (±30 rel.%), which is consistent with the uncertainties of the experimental data on viscosity and water diffusion, especially at high pressures. The generalized equations suggested for calculating and predicting concentration, temperature, and pressure dependences of the viscosity of magmas and water diffusion are as follows:
Viscosity:ηTP=η0exp(EXP/RT),
where η0 is a pre-exponent constant for the viscosity of liquids at T → ∞ (η0 = 10−3.5±100.1 dPa·s, or poises); T is the temperature in K; EXP is the activation energy of viscous flow (cal/mole), which is a function of melt composition, including volatile components, and pressure; R = 1.987 (cal/mole·K) is universal gas constant; and ηTP is melt viscosity at the given temperature and pressure, in dPa·s.
Water diffusivity:
log D(H2O) = –(0.69 log η + 3.74) (depolymerized melts: andesite, basalt),
log D(H2O) = –(0.29 log η + 5.35) (polymerized melts: rhyolite, obsidian, albite, dacite),
where D(H2O) is the coefficient of water diffusion in cm2/s, η is melt viscosity in dPa·s. A simple computer program developed for calculating the viscosity of magmatic melts and water diffusivity is recommended for modeling magmatic and volcanic processes as well as their dynamics.
Modification of mineral inclusions in garnet under high-pressure conditions: experimental simulation and application to the carbonate-silicate rocks of Kokchetav massif
Authors: Perchuk A.L. , Davydova V.V. , Burchard M. , Maresch W.V. , Schertl H.-P. , Yapaskurt V.O. , Safonov O.G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Samples of poikoblastic garnets from the Escambray (Cuba), Maksyutov (Russia), and Sambagawa (Japan) eclogite complexes were heated to 700–1100 ºC at 3 to 4 GPa (30–40 kbar). Epidote, amphibole, and chlorite inclusions in the garnets underwent dehydration melting over the entire experimental PT range, which is typical of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic complexes. In the presence of aqueous fluids, carbonate minerals in the inclusions began to melt at 800 ºC and 3 GPa. Melting gave rise to new garnet, with the composition controlled by the chemistry of the primary inclusions and by PT run conditions. Garnet either grew directly from the melt or formed by replacement of host garnet walls leaving residual melt at the substitution front in the latter case. Partial melting of inclusions decreased the mechanical strength of the garnet host and led to local shearing. The experimental results were used to interpret observed features in two samples of a diamond-bearing and a diamond-free carbonate-silicate rocks from the Kumdy-Kol deposit in the Kokchetav Massif. Multiphase inclusions in both samples contain newly formed garnet with morphologies and compositions consistent with those produced experimentally under the given PT conditions. Minerals in the inclusions are compositionally similar to those in matrix, thus suggesting that melting may have occurred on a large scale.