bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of islet autotransplantation with allotransplantation and factors elevating acute portal pressure in clinical islet transplantation
Authors: Kawahara Toshiyasu , Kin Tatsuya , Shapiro A.M. James 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundAcute portal pressure rise is occasionally observed during intraportal islet infusion, especially in islet autotransplantation (IAT) where tissue purification is rarely applied. In this paper we investigate factors associated with acute portal pressure rise, a known risk factor for portal vein thrombosis.MethodsRetrospective data was collected on 15 islet autotransplant and 122 allogeneic islet transplant subjects. Non‐purified pancreatic cells were transplanted in islet autotransplants, and purified islet cells were transplanted in allogeneic transplants. Portal pressure was documented throughout the islet infusion.ResultsThe total numbers of transplanted islets were significantly smaller in autotransplants than allografts, although the packed cell volume in autotransplants was larger. Autoislet infusion, with a larger packed cell volume, caused higher transient portal venous pressures than allogeneic islet transplant. Univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression revealed that packed cell volume and the number of transplanted cells were significant risk factors for acute portal pressure rise in both autotransplants and allogeneic transplants.ConclusionsNon‐purified IAT has a higher risk for acute portal pressure rise than allogeneic islet transplantation, and the rise is associated with the packed cell volume and the number of transplanted cells. Minimization of packed cell volume and cautious monitoring of portal pressure are important to avoid potential complications of portal hypertension.
Long-term result after femoral head substitution in postinfectious aplasia of the femoral head
Authors: Tedeus Matthias , Heimkes Bernhard 
Published: August 2011

Purpose This case report presents a new and unique surgical greater trochanter split procedure for reconstructing a hip joint after an infantile hip sepsis with consequent aplasia of the femoral head. Methods One patient underwent the new trochanter split osteotomy for postinfectious aplasia of the femoral head at the age of 4 years. A follow-up of 17 years is presented. Surgical technique The remaining proximal femur is sagittally split and the medial part is shifted into the acetabulum, preserving the lateral part of the greater trochanter. The osteotomy is fixed by an osseous wedge and K-wires. In contrast to the techniques known so far, it does not harm the vastogluteal muscle sling, thus, significantly reducing abductor lurch. Furthermore, through placing juvenile growth cartilage from the greater trochanter area into the acetabulum, there is, by far, more potential for the regeneration of a femoral head than by the procedures known so far. Conclusion The presented surgical technique is able to improve the biomechanics of a hip joint with postinfectious aplasia of the femoral head. The growth of a new femoral head and the development of a well-shaped acetabulum is enabled. A clinical outcome with a stable joint and very good clinical function can be achieved.
Blood cell salvage during cesarean delivery
Authors: Sullivan Justine V. , Crouch Maria E. , Stocken Gary , Lindow Stephen W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review the use of blood cell salvage performed during cesarean delivery.MethodsA retrospective review of the case notes of 107 patients who underwent blood cell salvage during cesarean delivery. A total of 102 women at high risk of hemorrhage were prepared preoperatively for cell salvage. A second group of 5 patients had cell salvage initiated intraoperatively owing to unexpected severe hemorrhage.ResultsOf the 107 patients, 36 (33.6%) were re‐infused with salvaged blood. There were no reported incidents of amniotic embolization or hemolytic disease. Of the 31 patients for whom cell salvage was prepared preoperatively, only 6 patients required transfusion of banked blood. In elective procedures, patients were re‐infused with salvaged blood averaging 28% of the volume of blood lost, without complications.ConclusionCell salvage was acceptable, beneficial, and without adverse events in both high‐risk elective cesareans and emergency cesareans for unexpected hemorrhaging. The skills refined during use of cell salvage in elective cesareans were crucial for successful implementation during emergency situations.
HPV genotyping in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix in northern Thailand
Authors: Siriaunkgul Sumalee , Utaipat Utaiwan , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Sukpan Kornkanok , Srisomboon Jatupol , Khunamornpong Surapan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECA) in northern Thailand, and evaluate the correlation between HPV genotype and clinicopathologic features.MethodsSamples from 111 women treated for cervical NECA at Chiang Mai University Hospital between 1992 and 2009 were tested for HPV genotype. Samples were formaldehyde‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, and tested via nested PCR and dot blot hybridization.ResultsNinety‐seven of the 111 samples were adequate for DNA analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 93 samples, of which 76 (81.7%) were single, 14 (15.1%) were multiple, and 3 (3.2%) were untyped infections. HPV18 was the most common subtype (70 cases, 75.3%), followed by HPV16 (28 cases, 30.1%). Other genotypes included HPV58 (3.2%), HPV52 (2.1%), and HPV33 (1.1%). Collectively, HPV16 and/or HPV18 were found in 83 cases (89.3%). Women with HPV18 infection were significantly younger (42.0 years) than those with non‐HPV18 infections (54.1 years) (P = 0.003). Associated adenocarcinoma in situ was more frequently seen among women with HPV18 infection (P = 0.034).ConclusionsHPV18 infection was predominant in cervical NECA. Variations in HPV genotype may be related to the clinicopathologic features and pathogenetic pathways of NECA. Vaccination against HPV16 and HPV18 might provide protection against cervical NECA in almost 90% of cases.
Interactions between two deformable droplets in tandem subjected to impulsive acceleration by surrounding flows
Authors: Quan Shaoping , Lou Jing , Stone Howard A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of two deformable drops placed in tandem and subjected to a sudden acceleration by a gaseous flow is investigated. A finite-volume scheme coupled with the method of moving mesh interface tracking is employed. The unsteady interactions between the droplet pair are studied by varying the minimum initial separation distance (${d}_{0} $) from $0. 6{r}_{0} $ to $10{r}_{0} $ with ${r}_{0} $ being the radius of the initial spherical droplets. The influence of the interactions on the droplet dynamics is examined by comparing with the case of a single isolated droplet at three initial Weber numbers ${\mathit{We}}_{s, 0} $ of 40, 4 and 0.4. The computations show that for small initial separation distances the dynamics of the downstream droplet is significantly affected by the presence of the upstream droplet. A mushroom shape is formed by the droplet pair at the two largest Weber numbers, while the two drops experience small deformation and shape oscillations at ${\mathit{We}}_{s, 0} = 0. 4$. The drag coefficient of the downstream droplet is dramatically reduced, especially for the two largest Weber numbers with smaller initial separation distances due to the sheltering effects, while the drag force of the upstream drop is slightly decreased. For the cases with smaller ${d}_{0} $, a thin film is formed between the two drops at the later stages, and this leads to a sudden increase in the drag of the trailing drop, but a sharp reduction in the drag of the leading drop.
SMALL ESSENTIAL SPECTRAL RADIUS PERTURBATIONS OF OPERATORS WITH TOPOLOGICAL UNIFORM DESCENT
Authors: ZENG QINGPING , ZHONG HUAIJIE , WU ZHENYING 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper we consider small essential spectral radius perturbations of operators with topological uniform descent—small essential spectral radius perturbations which cover compact, quasinilpotent and Riesz perturbations.
Characteristics of DNase activities in excretory/secretory products of infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortus
Authors: Yun S.H. , Seo M.G. , Jung B.Y. , Kim T.H. , Kwon O.D. , Jeong K.S. , Rhee M.H. , Lee Y.J. , Park S.J. , Kwon Y.S. , Kwak D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile multiple DNase activities occur in the excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of the adultHaemonchus contortus, the DNase activities in ESPs of the infective larvae (L3) have not been studied. Thus, the DNase activities in ESPs ofH. contortusL3 were investigated and compared to those of adults for developmental stage-specific analysis. The DNase activities had relative molecular masses (Mrs) of 34 and 36 kDa upon zymographic analysis at pH 5.0 and 7.0 when the larvae were incubated for over 48 h. The 34 and 36 kDa DNases of L3 ESPs were also detected in adult ESPs with similar characteristics. However, the 37 and 38.5 kDa DNases of the adult ESPs were not detected in the L3 ESPs. Since the 37 and 38.5 kDa DNase activities were mainly detected in adult ESPs, these activities appear to be specific to the adult stage whereas the other ESP DNase activities appear to be expressed during multiple stages of the parasite's life cycle. While the difference in DNase activities of L3 and adults remains obscure, the role of DNase in larval development should be further clarified and the identification of stage-specific developmental markers will lead to the discovery of specific factors that stimulate larval development.
Spatial analyses of bottlenose dolphin–fisheries interactions reveal human avoidance off a productive lagoon in the western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Morteo Eduardo , Rocha-Olivares Axayácatl , Arceo-Briseño Patricia , Abarca-Arenas Luis G. 
Published: August 2011

Studying interactions between cetaceans and humans is fundamental to assess their ecological significance and the impact of human activities on marine wildlife. Delphinids have historically been associated with human maritime activities, and while evidence suggests that such interactions are becoming more frequent worldwide, these remain poorly studied. Areas of potential interaction and differences in dolphin affinity to interact with humans were used to test hypotheses about the spatial distribution and temporal variation in dolphin–fisheries interactions off the highly productive Alvarado lagoon, in the western Gulf of Mexico. Line-transect surveys yielded 928 dolphin, 980 vessel, and 320 fishing gear target records, the latter involving mostly the shrimp fishery. No temporal differences were found in daily relative abundance of dolphins ( = 8.1 h−1, SD = 9.7), vessels ( = 7.8 h−1, SD = 5.9) or fishing gear ( = 2.4 h−1, SD = 2.6) between two consecutive years. Non-random spatial distributions indicated higher target concentrations at the lagoon entrance; however, dolphins and fishers were found to evade each other, possibly to prevent competition; dolphins only interacted with gillnets (28.6% of vessels and 22.6% of fishing gear). We observed small areas of potentially intentional and random encounters outside the entrance of the lagoon and low or null potential for interactions elsewhere. Only 18.9% of dolphin schools (44.8% of the 172 photo-identified animals) interacted with fisheries mostly by chance. Resident individuals (N = 23) tended to avoid humans, likely in response to negative reinforcement caused by aggressions from fishers. Hence, the potential intentionality of a few individuals to interact with fisheries, show they bare higher risks while attempting to benefit from gillnetted prey. This research unveils the chronic and acute exposure of the dolphin community to artisanal fisheries within the area, having important reciprocal consequences on their distributions and activities.
SCUBA diver observations and placard tags to monitor grey reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, at Sha'ab Rumi, The Sudan: assessment and future directions
Authors: Hussey Nigel E. , Stroh Noémie , Klaus Rebecca , Chekchak Tarik , Kessel Steven T. 
Published: August 2011

Establishing baseline data on the abundance of threatened shark species is critical for monitoring site- and region-specific population tends over time. This is of particular importance for monitoring sharks at remote locations or in regions where there are no reliable data on shark numbers, fishing effort and current population status. Through establishing a standardized recreational SCUBA diver observation programme, this study examined the number, size and sex-composition of grey reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, on a remote coral reef system off the Red Sea coast of Sudan. In addition, placard tags were attached to individual sharks to examine coarse scale residency and movement patterns and to determine the effectiveness of this technique. Over a 4.5 month period (December 2007–April 2008), a mean (±SE) of 5.9 ± 0.3 grey reef sharks were observed per diving day with peak numbers of sharks associated with temperatures of 26–26.9°C and strong currents. Estimated mean (±SE) total length of observed sharks was 1.9 ± 0.03 m identifying that most animals were mature. Female sharks were dominant on the site and pregnant females were recorded. Placard tagged sharks (N = 4) were observed by recreational SCUBA divers throughout the study period (23.1%, 20.0%, 16.9% and 3.1% of total observation diving days) indicating sporadic site attachment. The placard tags remained intact and were free of fouling for a total of 175 days. The numbers of grey reef sharks seen on this Red Sea coral complex suggest a healthy, relatively unexploited population. This study demonstrates that the recreational diver community, which forms a large pool of skilled volunteers, can generate baseline data on shark numbers at regularly dived sites and provide insights into the ecology of the observed species. Modification of placard tags, including attachment to the dorsal fin and time corrodible release systems may provide an inexpensive and accepted tool for monitoring individual shark residency and movement patterns. Engaging the recreational SCUBA diver community in a standardized scientific monitoring programme has the potential to monitor trends in shark populations over large spatial and temporal scales.
‘To Raise the Savage to a Higher Level’: The Westernization of Nagas and their Culture
Authors: THONG TEZENLO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWesternization is a pervasive modern phenomenon. Its impact is more pervasive and pernicious than many people are aware and/or willing to admit. The spread of the dominant Western culture has caused a gradual demise of many peripheral cultures. The incursion of Western agents into Naga soil, beginning with British military conquest and American missionary intrusion, has resulted in a significant influence and westernization of Nagas and their culture and worldview. Consequently, it is almost a cliché to assert that since colonial contact the long-evolved Naga traditional values are being replaced by Western values. Today, the literal colonization of Nagas by the imperial West has ended, but the process of westernization is continuing, thanks to the ongoing influence being exerted by modern media, technology and other trends of globalization. My objective in this paper is not to highlight the ‘form’ or ‘material’ aspect of the culture, such as clothing (although mimicry in this area is almost faultless among a large section of Nagas), rather, my goal is to discuss the current state of mindset and fundamental cultural structures of the Nagas that have resulted from the adjustments in the lives and minds of the people because of the imposition of westernization. In fact, it is more than merely a process of adjustment consequent upon conquest, it is an extensive overhauling of cultural institutions, values and practices. I will underscore the westernization of some basic social structures and the mindset of the people.
The Destruction of the English East India Company Factory on Condore Island, 1702–1705
Authors: TZE-KEN DANNY WONG 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe English East India Company established a factory on the island of Condore, off the coast of southern Vietnam, in 1702 as part of its plan to maintain a settlement to direct shipping activities between trading ports in China and Southeast Asia and India. For three years, the settlement thrived and was an important part of the China trade network, especially as a stopping point for ships plying the China route. The island settlement also carried out trading activities with neighbouring ports along the Indochina coast and the Malay Archipelago. The setting up of the factory, however, coincided with the emergence of the new entity of southern Vietnam under the Nguyễn family who were expanding their power-base to the south. In the process, the Nguyễn had already subdued the Chams and were coming face-to-face with the Khmers when the English factory was established. This paper will trace the English venture on Condore Island and the reaction of the Nguyễn ruler towards this venture which culminated with the destruction of the factory in 1705. This paper will attempt to explore the following questions: the shifting importance of the islands in the Nguyễn's security and foreign relationsvis-à-visthe English factory, and will also investigate the circumstances that brought about the massacre and destruction of the English factory on Pulo Condore—a historical event that has not been properly explained thus far.
Grandmother, Mother and Daughter: Changing agency of Indian, middle-class women, 1908–2008
Authors: WALDROP ANNE 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCovering one hundred years, this paper recounts the life stories of three generations of middle-class women of the New Delhi-based Kapoor family. By taking the methodological view that individuals born approximately at the same time, within the same class segment, and at the same cultural place will be shaped by the same historical structures so that their lives to some extent are synchronized into a gendered, generational experience, these three life stories are viewed as voices that reflect their respective generational class segments. In view of this, the paper uses the three life stories to discuss changes in women's agency within the urban, educated, upper middle-class. Agency is here understood as control over resources, and it is argued that in order to understand changes in women's agency, one should take into account the impact of both social, economic structures and cultural ideologies. When analysing the three life stories, the overall finding is that the granddaughter has had more control over her own life than her mother and grandmother. However, by acknowledging that cultural ideologies and social economic structures are not always synchronized, a nuanced and many-dimensional picture of twists and turns in these middle-class women's degree and type of agency over time emerges.
Economic reforms and growth in Franco's Spain,
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro , Rosés Joan R. , Sanz-Villarroya Isabel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper is an attempt at assessing the economic impact of market-oriented reforms undertaken during General Franco's dictatorship, in particular the 1959 Stabilisation and Liberalisation Plan. Using an index of macroeconomic distortions, the relationship between economic policies and the growth record is examined. Although a gradual reduction in macroeconomic distortions was already in motion during the 1950s, the 1959 Plan opened the way to a new institutional design that favoured a free market allocation of resources and allowed Spain to accelerate growth and catch up with Western Europe. Without the 1950s reforms and, especially, the 1959 Plan,per capitaGDP would have been significantly lower in 1975.
Novel HPV-6 variants of human papillomavirus causing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in southern Africa
Authors: COMBRINCK C. E. , SEEDAT R. Y. , RANDALL C. , ROODT Y. , BURT F. J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThere is currently no information regarding the genetic diversity of HPV-6 variants circulating in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV-6 variants affecting patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, to determine whether mutations correlate with disease severity and identify molecular determinants of virulence with prognostic relevance. HPV-6 variants were identified based on genome changes within the 712-991 bp region encompassing the non-coding region (URR) of the genome, with variations in length resulting from insertions and duplications, and the 453-bp gene encoding the E6 protein. Based on manual comparison of sequence data from the URR, the isolates were identified as HPV-6a and HPV-6vc variants. Three novel HPV-6 variants were identified: one based on a mutation in the E6 region; two based on changes in the URR including a unique substitution detected in three isolates and an insertion and 170-bp duplication in the URR genome in one patient, who had clinical features of severe disease.
Incidence of childhood pneumonia and serotype and sequence-type distribution inStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates in Japan
Authors: TANAKA J. , ISHIWADA N. , WADA A. , CHANG B. , HISHIKI H. , KUROSAKI T. , KOHNO Y. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is reported to decrease the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. To determine the annual incidence of CAP before the introduction of PCV7, we counted the number of children hospitalized with CAP between 2008 and 2009 in Chiba City, Japan. We investigated serotype and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) forStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates in CAP cases. The annual incidence of hospitalized CAP in children aged <5 years was 17·6 episodes/1000 child-years. In 626 episodes,S. pneumoniaewas dominant in 14·7% and 0·8% of sputum and blood samples, respectively. The most common serotypes were 6B, 23F and 19F. The coverage rates of PCV7 were 66·7% and 80% in sputum samples and blood samples, respectively. MLST analysis revealed 37 sequence types. Furthermore, 54·1% of the sputum isolates and 40% of the blood isolate were related to international multidrug-resistant clones.
Outbreak ofNeisseria meningitidisC in workers at a large food-processing plant in Brazil: challenges of controlling disease spread to the larger community
Authors: ISER B. P. M. , LIMA H. C. A. V. , De MORAES C. , De ALMEIDA R. P. A. , WATANABE L. T. , ALVES S. L. A. , LEMOS A. P. S. , GORLA M. C. O. , GONÇALVES M. G. , DOS SANTOS D. A. , SOBEL J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAn outbreak of meningococcal disease (MD) with severe morbidity and mortality was investigated in midwestern Brazil in order to identify control measures. A MD case was defined as isolation ofNeisseria meningitidis, or detection of polysaccharide antigen in a sterile site, or presence of clinical purpura fulminans, or an epidemiological link with a laboratory-confirmed case-patient, between June and August 2008. In 8 out of 16 MD cases studied, serogroup C ST103 complex was identified. Five (31%) cases had neurological findings and five (31%) died. The attack rate was 12 cases/100 000 town residents and 60 cases/100 000 employees in a large local food-processing plant. We conducted a matched case-control study of eight primary laboratory-confirmed cases (1:4). Factors associated with illness in single variable analysis were work at the processing plant [matched odds ratio (mOR) 22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·3–207·7,P<0·01], and residing <1 year in Rio Verde (mOR 7, 95% CI 1·11–43·9,P<0·02). Mass vaccination (>10 000 plant employees) stopped propagation in the plant, but not in the larger community.