bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of MMP‐2, 9 and 13 in newly formed bone after sinus augmentation using inorganic bovine bone in human
Authors: Bassil J. , Senni K. , Changotade S. , Baroukh B. , Kassis C. , Naaman N. , Godeau G. 
Published: July 2011

Bassil J, Senni K, Changotade S, Baroukh B, Kassis C, Naaman N, Godeau G. Expression of MMP‐2, 9 and 13 in newly formed bone after sinus augmentation using inorganic bovine bone in human. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 756–762. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The aim of the present study was to analyse the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in newly formed bone following maxillary sinus augmentation using inorganic bovine bone substitute, because these MMPs play a major role in bone remodeling and bone resorption.Material and Methods:  Deproteinized bovine bone (Bio‐Oss®) was used to fill cavities after elevating the sinus mucosa. Twenty patients with edentulous posterior maxilla were treated with 20 sinus‐augmentation procedures using a two‐stage technique. Forty‐nine Straumann® endosseous implants were used to complete the implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation. One cylinder‐shaped bone biopsy from each patient was taken from the augmented maxillary region using trephine burs at the second stage of surgery, 8 months after grafting. A biopsy was also taken as a control from the upper molar region from six different patients who did not undergo the sinus procedure. All biopsies were subjected to biochemical analysis and staining for TRAP.Results:  No implant losses or failures occurred. The large number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts in resorption lacunae indicated that the resorption was very active in all grafts, in contrast with the control group. Zymography and western blot analysis demonstrated a significantly increased expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in the newly formed bone compared with controls (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  The quantity of osteoclastic cells and the increased expression of proteolytic enzymes suggest that 8 months after grafting, inorganic bovine bone is slowly resorbing and is the site of important remodeling of the newly formed bone by means of resorption and synthesis.
Development of a Computerised Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT) to optimise therapy in older persons with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bajorek Beata V , Masood Noman , Krass Ines 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To develop and evaluate a novel Computerised Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT) to aid clinicians' decision making regarding the risk–benefit of antithrombotic therapy in older patients.Methods:  CARAT was developed in an iterative process involving multidisciplinary feedback and computerisation of previously trialled algorithms. Hospital‐based clinicians then applied the tool to patient cases, to evaluate its usability.Results:  Overall, 94% of clinicians (n= 27 yielding 216 responses) were satisfied with CARAT's format. Most (72%) clinician responses agreed with CARAT recommendations; over two‐thirds agreed with estimates of stroke and bleeding risk. However, geriatricians were 3.5 times more likely to disagree with CARAT recommendations than cardiologists, particularly in cases of high fall risk. Overall, 63% responded that CARAT was at least ‘somewhat useful’ for clinical practice; 22% indicating it was ‘very useful’.Conclusion:  CARAT has potential as a useful decision‐support tool to assist clinicians in decision making regarding appropriate antithrombotic therapy in older patients.
Using Existing Data to Estimate Aquifer Properties, Great Lakes Region, USA
Authors: Darner Robert A. , Sheets Rodney A. 
Published: July 2011

To determine specific storage and porosity, areally limited and time‐consuming aquifer tests are frequently done. Hydrogeologic studies often do not have the resources to collect such data and rely on existing data sources for aquifer properties. An alternative tool for determining these aquifer properties is the analysis of earth tides. The objective of this study was to determine whether existing water‐level and barometric‐pressure data could be used to determine aquifer properties, such as porosity and specific storage, on a regional scale. In this study, national databases from the Great Lakes Region were queried for continuous records of groundwater‐level and barometric‐pressure data. Records from 37 selected wells were then analyzed for barometric efficiency and earth‐tide responses. Specific‐storage (Ss) and porosity values were determined, and the quality of the results were assessed with a measure of the “goodness of fit” (percent variance) of reconstruction of the response.Records from wells completed in several aquifer systems were analyzed with varying degrees of success. Aquifer Ss values ranging from 5.9 × 10−8 to 3.8 × 10−6/m were derived, with percent variance of reconstruction ranging from 1% to 78%. Comparisons with aquifer and laboratory testing of Ss and porosity are favorable if the percent variance of reconstruction is above about 30%. Although the earth‐tide‐analysis method is not suitable for every situation, the Ss and porosity of aquifers can, in many places, be estimated with existing water‐level and barometric‐pressure data or with data that are relatively inexpensive to collect.
White Infant Mortality in Appalachian States, 1976–1980 and 1996–2000: Changing Patterns and Persistent Disparities
Authors: Yao Nengliang , Matthews Stephen A. , Hillemeier Marianne M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose: Appalachian counties have historically had elevated infant mortality rates. Changes in infant mortality disparities over time in Appalachia are not well‐understood. This study explores spatial inequalities in white infant mortality rates over time in the 13 Appalachian states, comparing counties in Appalachia with non‐Appalachian counties.Methods: Data are analyzed for 1,100 counties in 13 Appalachian states that include 420 counties designated as Appalachian by the Appalachian Regional Commission. Area Resource File data for 1976‐1980 and 1996‐2000 provide county‐ and city‐level infant mortality rates, poverty rates, rural‐urban continuum codes, and numbers of physicians per 1,000 residents. Multiple regression analyses evaluate whether Appalachian counties are significantly associated with elevated white infant mortality in each time period, accounting for covariates.Findings: White infant mortality rates decreased substantially in all sub‐regions over the last 2 decades; however, disparities in infant mortality did not diminish in Appalachian counties compared to non‐Appalachian counties. After accounting for poverty, rural/urban status, and health care resources, Appalachian counties were significantly associated with comparatively higher infant mortality during the late 1970s but not in the late 1990s. At the more recent time point, higher poverty rates, residence in more rural areas, and lower physician density were associated with greater infant mortality risk.Conclusion: Appalachian counties continue to experience relatively elevated infant mortality rates. Poverty and rurality remain important dimensions of health service need in Appalachia.
Creating water robust urban environments in the Netherlands: linking spatial planning, design and asset management using a three‐step approach
Authors: van de Ven F.H.M. , Gersonius B. , de Graaf R. , Luijendijk E. , Zevenbergen C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChanges in climate will likely have major implications for the layout of cities, buildings and residents. A three‐step approach is presented to respond to these changes. The approach is applied to steer expansion and redevelopment towards water robust urban environments through integrated planning and action at local level. The three steps are (1) vulnerability analysis, (2) selection of a strategy to reduce vulnerability and (3) selection of an appropriate set of measures. This approach leaves much freedom to parties involved in specific urban (re)development projects. Local conditions to a large extent determine what can be done. It is up to these stakeholders to select a vulnerability reduction strategy that fits local conditions and preferences. An appropriate set of measures provides a level of robustness that is acceptable for all stakeholders and that stakeholders are willing to pay for. Creating a water robust urban environment requires continuous attention of many individuals and organisations, often including the residents. The three‐step approach is to be applied three times during an urban development or rehabilitation project; during (1) the planning phase, (2) the development and design phase and (3) at the occasion of the transfer from building phase to maintenance phase.
Novel Epitopic Region of Glucosyltransferase B from Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Hoshino Tomonori , Kondo Yoshio , Saito Kan , Terao Yutaka , Okahashi Nobuo , Kawabata Shigetada , Fujiwara Taku 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn the development of a component vaccine against caries, the catalytic region (CAT) and glucan-binding domain (GBD) of glucosyltransferase B (GtfB) fromStreptococcus mutanshave been employed as target antigens. These regions were adopted as primary targets because they theoretically include epitopes associated with enzyme function. However, their antigenicities have not been fully evaluated. Although there are many reports about successful vaccination using these components, the principle has not yet been put to practical use. For these reasons, we came to doubt the effectiveness of the epitopes in vaccine production and reevaluated the antigenic region of GtfB by usingin silicoanalyses combined within vitroandin vivoexperiments. The results suggested that the ca. 360-amino-acid variable region (VR) in the N terminus of GtfB is more reactive than CAT and GBD. This region isS. mutansand/or GtfB specific, nonconserved among other streptococcal Gtfs, and of unknown function. Immunization using an adenovirus vector-borne DNA vaccine confirmed that VR is an epitope that shows promise for the development of a caries vaccine.
Evaluation of the Bio-Rad BioPlex Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus IgG Multiplex Bead Immunoassay
Authors: Binnicker Matthew J. , Jespersen Deborah J. , Rollins Leonard O. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to compare the BioPlex 2200 measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella-zoster virus (MMRV) IgG multiplex assays (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) to routine testing by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Serum specimens (n= 500) submitted to our reference laboratory for routine MMRV IgG testing by EIA were also tested by the BioPlex assays. Following testing, the BioPlex measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella-zoster virus assays demonstrated agreements of 91.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.8% to 93.7%), 94.2% (95% CI, 91.7% to 95.7%), 94.4% (95% CI, 92.0% to 96.1%), and 91.8% (95% CI, 89.0% to 93.9%), respectively, compared to the results of EIA. Timing studies showed that the BioPlex MMRV assay could provide complete analysis of 100 serum specimens in 1.7 h, compared to 5.5 h by EIA. These data indicate that the BioPlex MMRV IgG assays exhibit comparable performance (93% overall agreement [1,860/2,000 results]; κ = 0.67) to routine testing by EIA. The BioPlex assays allow for the simultaneous detection of all four analytes, thereby eliminating potential aliquot errors and reducing turnaround time.
Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry To Detect Carbapenem Resistance within 1 to 2.5 Hours
Authors: Burckhardt Irene , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the percentage of carbapenem-resistant bacteria has increased at an alarming pace and become a major threat for patient survival. Carbapenemase-induced carbapenem resistance can be confirmed through the detection of carbapenem degradation using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This method works for strains carrying NDM-1, VIM-1, VIM-2, KPC-2, and different IMP enzymes.
Assessment of Two New Molecular Methods for Identification of Candida parapsilosis Sensu Lato Species
Authors: Garcia-Effron Guillermo , Canton Emilia , Pemán Javier , Dilger Amanda , Romá Eva , Perlin David S. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Candida parapsilosis
sensu stricto,
C. orthopsilosis
, and
C. metapsilosis
replaced
C. parapsilosis
groups I, II, and III in 2005. Since then, an increased interest in studying their epidemiology has arisen based on the observed differences in antifungal susceptibilities and virulence the three species. A strict differentiation of these species cannot be achieved by phenotypic methods. We evaluate two new molecular methodologies to differentiate among these species by the use of a collection of 293 bloodstream infection isolates of
C. parapsilosis
sensu lato. For the first method, the isolates were studied using PCR amplification of a fragment of the
C. parapsilosis
sensu lato
FKS1
gene and a universal primer pair followed by EcoRI enzyme digestion. The other method used the allele discrimination ability of molecular beacons in a multiplex real-time PCR format. Both methods of identification showed 100% concordance with internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)/ITS2 sequencing and proved to be effective for clinical applications, even with mixed-species DNAs.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Immunocytochemical Staining of Mycobacterial Antigens in the Cytoplasm of Cerebrospinal Fluid Macrophages for Diagnosing Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Shao YuQuan , Xia Ping , Zhu Tao , Zhou Jiong , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hao , Chen JianJun , Hu XingYue 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
The sensitivity and specificity of immunocytochemical staining of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) macrophages for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was prospectively compared with Ahuja criteria from 393 consecutive CSF specimens. The assay can play an important role for the diagnosis of TBM, with sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 90.7%.
Galectin-1 Binds to Influenza Virus and Ameliorates Influenza Virus Pathogenesis
Authors: Yang Mei-Lin , Chen Yu-Hung , Wang Shainn-Wei , Huang Yen-Jang , Leu Chia-Hsing , Yeh Nai-Chi , Chu Chun-Yen , Lin Chia-Cheng , Shieh Gia-Shing , Chen Yuh-Ling , Wang Jen-Ren , Wang Ching-Ho , Wu Chao-Liang , Shiau Ai-Li 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Innate immune response is important for viral clearance during influenza virus infection. Galectin-1, which belongs to S-type lectins, contains a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain that recognizes galactose-containing oligosaccharides. Since the envelope proteins of influenza virus are highly glycosylated, we studied the role of galectin-1 in influenza virus infection
in vitro
and in mice. We found that galectin-1 was upregulated in the lungs of mice during influenza virus infection. There was a positive correlation between galectin-1 levels and viral loads during the acute phase of viral infection. Cells treated with recombinant human galectin-1 generated lower viral yields after influenza virus infection. Galectin-1 could directly bind to the envelope glycoproteins of influenza A/WSN/33 virus and inhibit its hemagglutination activity and infectivity. It also bound to different subtypes of influenza A virus with micromolar dissociation constant (

K
d

) values and protected cells against influenza virus-induced cell death. We used nanoparticle, surface plasmon resonance analysis and transmission electron microscopy to further demonstrate the direct binding of galectin-1 to influenza virus. More importantly, we show for the first time that intranasal treatment of galectin-1 could enhance survival of mice against lethal challenge with influenza virus by reducing viral load, inflammation, and apoptosis in the lung. Furthermore, galectin-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to influenza virus infection than wild-type mice. Collectively, our results indicate that galectin-1 has anti-influenza virus activity by binding to viral surface and inhibiting its infectivity. Thus, galectin-1 may be further explored as a novel therapeutic agent for influenza.
Sumoylation of the P Protein at K254 Plays an Important Role in Growth of Parainfluenza Virus 5
Authors: Sun Dengyun , Xu Pei , He Biao 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
The P protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is an essential cofactor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Phosphorylation of the P protein can positively or negatively regulate viral gene expression, depending on the precise phosphorylation sites. Sumoylation, a process of adding small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to proteins posttranslationally, plays an important role in regulating protein function. In this study, we have found that the P protein of PIV5 was sumoylated with SUMO1 in both transfected and infected cells. The K254 residue of the P protein is within a consensus sumoylation motif. Mutation of the P protein at K254 to arginine (P-K254R) reduced PIV5 minigenome activity, as well as the sumoylation level of the P protein. Incorporation of K254R into a recombinant PIV5 (rPIV5-P-K254R) resulted in a virus that grew to a lower titer and had lower levels of viral RNA synthesis and protein expression than wild-type PIV5, suggesting that sumoylation of the P protein at K254 is important for PIV5 growth. Biochemical studies did not reveal any defect of P-K254R in its interactions with viral proteins NP and L or formation of homotetramers. We propose that sumoylation of the P protein at K254 regulates PIV5 gene expression through a host protein.
Multiple Functional Domains and Complexes of the Two Nonstructural Proteins of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Contribute to Interferon Suppression and Cellular Location
Authors: Swedan Samer , Andrews Joel , Majumdar Tanmay , Musiyenko Alla , Barik Sailen 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, efficiently suppresses cellular innate immunity, represented by type I interferon (IFN), using its two unique nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. In a search for their mechanism, NS1 was previously shown to decrease levels of TRAF3 and IKKε, whereas NS2 interacted with RIG-I and decreased TRAF3 and STAT2. Here, we report on the interaction, cellular localization, and functional domains of these two proteins. We show that recombinant NS1 and NS2, expressed in lung epithelial A549 cells, can form homo- as well as heteromers. Interestingly, when expressed alone, substantial amounts of NS1 and NS2 localized to the nuclei and to the mitochondria, respectively. However, when coexpressed with NS2, as in RSV infection, NS1 could be detected in the mitochondria as well, suggesting that the NS1-NS2 heteromer localizes to the mitochondria. The C-terminal tetrapeptide sequence, DLNP, common to both NS1 and NS2, was required for some functions, but not all, whereas only the NS1 N-terminal region was important for IKKε reduction. Finally, NS1 and NS2 both interacted specifically with host microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). The contribution of MAP1B in NS1 function was not tested, but in NS2 it was essential for STAT2 destruction, suggesting a role of the novel DLNP motif in protein-protein interaction and IFN suppression.
Escape from Transcriptional Shutoff during Poliovirus Infection: NF-κB-Responsive Genes IκBa and A20
Authors: Doukas Tammy , Sarnow Peter 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
It has been known for a long time that infection of cultured cells with poliovirus results in the overall inhibition of transcription of most host genes. We examined whether selected host genes can escape transcriptional inhibition by thiouridine marking newly synthesized host mRNAs during viral infection. Using cDNA microarrays hybridized to cDNAs made from thiolated mRNAs, a small set of host transcripts was identified and their expression verified by quantitative PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses. These transcripts were synthesized from genes that displayed enrichment for NF-κB binding sites in their promoter regions, suggesting that some NF-κB-regulated promoters can escape the virus-induced inhibition of transcription. In particular, two negative regulators of NF-κB, IκBa and A20, were upregulated during viral infection. Depletion of A20 enhanced viral RNA abundance and viral yield, arguing that cells respond to virus infection by counteracting NF-κB-induced proviral effects.
Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 3C Proteases: Binding to Rupintrivir and Their Substrates and Anti-Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Virus Drug Design
Authors: Lu Guangwen , Qi Jianxun , Chen Zhujun , Xu Xiang , Gao Feng , Lin Daizong , Qian Wangke , Liu Hong , Jiang Hualiang , Yan Jinghua , Gao George F. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is prevalent in Asia. Thus far, there are no prophylactic or therapeutic measures against HFMD. The 3C proteases from EV71 and CVA16 play important roles in viral replication and are therefore ideal drug targets. By using biochemical, mutational, and structural approaches, we broadly characterized both proteases. A series of high-resolution structures of the free or substrate-bound enzymes were solved. These structures, together with our cleavage specificity assay, well explain the marked substrate preferences of both proteases for particular P4, P1, and P1′ residue types, as well as the relative malleability of the P2 amino acid. More importantly, the complex structures of EV71 and CVA16 3Cs with rupintrivir, a specific human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease inhibitor, were solved. These structures reveal a half-closed S2 subsite and a size-reduced S1′ subsite that limit the access of the P1′ group of rupintrivir to both enzymes, explaining the reported low inhibition activity of the compound toward EV71 and CVA16. In conclusion, the detailed characterization of both proteases in this study could direct us to a proposal for rational design of EV71/CVA16 3C inhibitors.
Characterization of the Interaction between Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and the Cell Cycle in Continuous Cell Culture and Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wu Weining , Munday Diane C. , Howell Gareth , Platt Gareth , Barr John N. , Hiscox Julian A. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Viruses can modify conditions inside cells to make them more favorable for replication and progeny virus production. One way of doing this is through manipulation of the cell cycle, a process that describes the ordered growth and division of cells. Analysis of model cell lines, such as A549 cells and primary airway epithelial cells, infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) has shown alteration of the cell cycle during infection, although the signaling events were not clearly understood. In this study, targeted transcriptomic analysis of HRSV-infected primary airway epithelial cells revealed alterations in the abundances of many mRNAs encoding cell cycle-regulatory molecules, including decreases in the D-type cyclins and corresponding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6 [CDK4/6]). These alterations were reflected in changes in protein abundance and/or relocalization in HRSV-infected cells; taken together, they were predicted to result in G
0
/G
1
phase arrest. In contrast, there was no change in the abundances of D-type cyclins in A549 cells infected with HRSV. However, the abundance of the G
1
/S phase progression inhibitor p21
WAF1/CIP1
was increased over that in mock-treated cells, and this, again, was predicted to result in G
0
/G
1
phase arrest. The G
0
/G
1
phase arrest in both HRSV-infected primary cells and A549 cells was confirmed using dual-label flow cytometry that accurately measured the different stages of the cell cycle. Comparison of progeny virus production in primary and A549 cells enriched in G
0
/G
1
using a specific CDK4/6 kinase inhibitor with asynchronously replicating cells indicated that this phase of the cell cycle was more efficient for virus production.