bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement properties of the Swedish version of the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury scale (ACL‐RSI): A Rasch analysis
Authors: Piussi Ramana , Alenius Sara , Webster Kate E. , Thomeé Roland , Westergren Albert , Hagell Peter , Hamrin Senorski Eric 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the measurement properties, according to the Rasch Measurement Theory, of the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury scale (ACL‐RSI) in patients treated with ACL reconstruction in Sweden.MethodsACL‐RSI responses from 1065 patients treated with ACL reconstruction were extracted from a rehabilitation‐specific registry. Rasch analyses were performed on ACL‐RSI item response data using the RUMM2030plus software. The analyses focused on targeting (person‐item threshold distribution), item hierarchy, response category thresholds, overall and individual item and person fit, differential item functioning (DIF), unidimensionality and reliability.ResultsThe ACL‐RSI had compromised fit to the Rasch model, including DIF and malfunctioning response categories. Several items correlate with each other and the presumptions to aggregate item responses into one single score were not met. When accounting for local dependency, the measurement properties of the ACL‐RSI improved in terms of model fit and DIF and unidimensionality were supported.ConclusionThe ACL‐RSI was found to have signs of multidimensionality and local dependency, that is, the answers to one item are influenced by the answers to other items. As such, researchers should be careful when using the ACL‐RSI as one single score to evaluate patients treated with ACL reconstruction, unless local dependency is accounted for in the scoring process.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
A sensitive bioanalytical ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of lactone and carboxylate forms of topotecan in plasma and vitreous
Authors: Mudrova Barbora , Hrabakova Katerina , Kozlik Petr , Hobzova Radka , Sirc Jakub , Bosakova Zuzana 
Published: June 2024

Topotecan (TPT) is used in the treatment of retinoblastoma, the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children. TPT undergoes pH‐dependent hydrolysis of the lactone ring to the ring‐opened carboxylate form, with the lactone form showing antitumor activity. A selective, and highly sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of both forms of TPT in one mobile phase composition in plasma and vitreous humor matrices. The method showed an excellent linear range of 0.375–120 ng/mL for the lactone. For the carboxylate, the linear range was from 0.75 to 120 ng/mL. The matrix effect and the recovery for the lactone ranged from 98.5% to 106.0% in both matrices, for the carboxylate form, it ranged from 94.9% to 101.2%. The dynamics of the transition between TPT lactone and TPT carboxylate were evaluated at different pH environments. The stability of TPT forms was assessed in plasma and vitreous humor at 8 and 37°C and a very fast conversion of lactone to carboxylate form occurred at 37°C in both matrices. The method developed facilitates the investigation of TPT pharmacodynamics and the release kinetics in the development of the innovative local drug delivery systems.
AI Detection of Glottic Neoplasm Using Voice Signals, Demographics, and Structured Medical Records
Authors: Wang Chi‐Te , Chen Tsai‐Min , Lee Nien‐Ting , Fang Shih‐Hau 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI) models combining voice signals, demographics, and structured medical records can detect glottic neoplasm from benign voice disorders.MethodsWe used a primary dataset containing 2–3 s of vowel “ah”, demographics, and 26 items of structured medical records (e.g., symptoms, comorbidity, smoking and alcohol consumption, vocal demand) from 60 patients with pathology‐proved glottic neoplasm (i.e., squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and dysplasia) and 1940 patients with benign voice disorders. The validation dataset comprised data from 23 patients with glottic neoplasm and 1331 patients with benign disorders. The AI model combined convolutional neural networks, gated recurrent units, and attention layers. We used 10‐fold cross‐validation (training–validation–testing: 8–1–1) and preserved the percentage between neoplasm and benign disorders in each fold.ResultsResults from the AI model using voice signals reached an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.631, and additional demographics increased this to 0.807. The highest AUC of 0.878 was achieved when combining voice, demographics, and medical records (sensitivity: 0.783, specificity: 0.816, accuracy: 0.815). External validation yielded an AUC value of 0.785 (voice plus demographics; sensitivity: 0.739, specificity: 0.745, accuracy: 0.745). Subanalysis showed that AI had higher sensitivity but lower specificity than human assessment (p < 0.01). The accuracy of AI detection with additional medical records was comparable with human assessment (82% vs. 83%, p = 0.78).ConclusionsVoice signal alone was insufficient for AI differentiation between glottic neoplasm and benign voice disorders, but additional demographics and medical records notably improved AI performance and approximated the prediction accuracy of humans.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4585–4592, 2024
Underway measurement of cyanobacterial microcystins using a surface plasmon resonance sensor on an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Ussler William , Doucette Gregory J. , Preston Christina M. , Weinstock Chloe , Allaf Nadia , Roman Brent , Jensen Scott , Yamahara Kevan , Lingerfelt Louise A. , Mikulski Christina M. , Hobson Brett W. , Kieft Brian , Raanan Ben‐Yair , Zhang Yanwu , Errera Reagan M. , Ruberg Steven A. , Den Uyl Paul A. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Soelberg Scott D. , Furlong Clement E. , Birch James M. , Scholin Christopher A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFreshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a well‐known global public health threat. Monitoring and early detection of CHAB toxins are currently accomplished using labor‐intensive sampling techniques and subsequent shore‐based analyses, with results typically reported 24–48 h after sample collection. We have developed and implemented an uncrewed, autonomous mobile sampler‐analytical system capable of conducting targeted in situ toxin measurements in < 2 h. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument was combined with the environmental sample processor (ESP) to fully automate detection and quantification of particle‐associated cyanobacterial microcystins (pMC). This sensor‐sampler system was integrated with a long‐range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) and deployed in western Lake Erie for field trials in the summer of 2021. The LRAUV was remotely piloted to acquire samples at selected locations within and adjacent to a CHAB. Sixteen pMC measurements ranging from 0.09 to 0.55 μg/L lake water were obtained over a 14‐day period without recovery of the LRAUV. The SPR/ESP/LRAUV system complements existing satellite, aerial, and manual sampling CHAB survey techniques, and could be used to enhance predictive models that underpin bloom and toxicity forecasts. This system is also extensible to detection of other algal toxins in freshwater and marine environments, with its near real‐time assessment of bloom toxin levels potentially offering additional socioeconomic benefits and public health protection in a variety of settings.
Promoting Periodical Poling in Lithium Niobate Crystal Through Surface Acoustic Wave‐Induced Local Lattice Activation
Authors: Liu Qilu , Song Yukun , Bai Linyu , Zhang Longxi , Chen Xu , Zhao Xuezhi , Wang Fulei , Liu Hong , Wang Dongzhou , Li Yanlu , Sang Yuanhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAchieving precise construction of ferroelectric domain structure in lithium niobate (LN) crystals holds significance for expanding the applications of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), especially in nonlinear frequency conversion. However, challenges exist during the application of electric field for poling, especially for small‐period PPLN crystals, where ferroelectric domains in LN crystals tend to unevenly expand laterally, making it hard to precisely control the domain structures. LN, as a piezoelectric crystal, has the capability to generate energy‐carrying surface acoustic waves (SAW). Herein, an method is presented to optimize the periodic poling process by integrating SAW and poling on a LN chip, which remarkably reduces the poling electric field by 10%, attributed to the enhanced local lattice vibrations during SAW propagation. The integrated SAW and poling chip achieves a 9 µm‐period PPLN crystal. Through second harmonic generation, a nonlinear light conversion from 1158 to 579 nm is realized, exhibiting a nonlinear optical efficiency up to 17.4%. This efficiency aligns with the theoretical prediction, validating the high‐quality domain structure. This integrated chip provides a unique opportunity for manipulating ferroelectric domain with high‐precision, benefiting a wide range of applications in nonlinear‐optics, ferroelectrics, and integrated optics.
3D Puzzle at the Nanoscale–How do RNA Viruses Self‐Assemble their Capsids into Perfectly Ordered Structures
Authors: Kordys Martyna , Urbanowicz Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of RNA virus self‐organization, first observed in the mid‐20th century in tobacco mosaic virus, is the subject of extensive research. Efforts to comprehend this process intensify due to its potential for producing vaccines or antiviral compounds as well as nanocarriers and nanotemplates. However, direct observation of the self‐assembly is hindered by its prevalence within infected host cells. One of the approaches involves in vitro and in silico research using model viruses featuring a ssRNA(+) genome enclosed within a capsid made up of a single type protein. While various pathways are proposed based on these studies, their relevance in vivo remains uncertain. On the other hand, the development of advanced microscopic methods provide insights into the events within living cells, where following viral infection, specialized compartments form to facilitate the creation of nascent virions. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that the primary function of packaging signals in viral RNA is to effectively initiate the virion self‐assembly. This is in contrast to earlier opinions suggesting a role in marking RNA for encapsidation. Another noteworthy observation is that many viruses undergo self‐assembly within membraneless liquid organelles, which are specifically induced by viral proteins.
4D Printing of Magneto‐Thermo‐Responsive PLA/PMMA/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites with Superior Shape Memory and Remote Actuation
Authors: Doostmohammadi Hossein , Baniassadi Majid , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents the development and 4D printing of magnetic shape memory polymers (MSMPs) utilizing a composite of polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the integration of Fe3O4 maintains the broad thermal transition without significantly affecting α‐relaxation time, indicating high compatibility and homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy further confirms the high compatibility of PLA and PMMA phases as well as uniform dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, essential for the effective transfer of heat during the shape memory process. Significantly, the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles enables remote actuation capabilities, presenting a substantial advancement for biomedical applications. 4D‐printed MSMP nanocomposites exhibit exceptional mechanical properties and rapid, efficient shape memory responses under both inductive and direct heating stimuli, achieving 100% shape fixity and 100% recovery within ≈85 s. They are proposed as promising candidates for biomedical implants, specifically for minimally invasive implantation of bone scaffolds, due to their rapid remote actuation, biocompatibility, and mechanical robustness. This research not only demonstrates the 4D printability of high‐performance MSMPs but also introduces new possibilities for the application of MSMPs in regenerative medicine.
Impacts of supply chain leadership on dynamic pricing under consumer patience information asymmetry
Authors: Wang Jun , Ma Wenkang , Xia Liangjie , Hou Pengwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the online market rapidly develops, firms will face strategic consumers who differ in buying times. Given that the leadership structure in supply chains affects the chain members' decision‐making and performance, we study this impact in a two‐period dynamic pricing setting with an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer, where the patience degree of consumers is the retailer's private information. We examine two leadership scenarios: retailer dominance and manufacturer dominance. The two members play a signaling game under retailer dominance, whereas the manufacturer can only set its wholesale price based on its prior belief under manufacturer dominance. Our analysis indicates that when consumers are more patient, the retailer tends to share its private information with the manufacturer under retailer dominance to avoid the reduction of its retail margin and enhance its profitability. However, the retailer may keep the consumers' patience information private when the manufacturer dominates the supply chain because the manufacturer will set a compromised wholesale price and passively cede profits to the retailer. Finally, we examine consumer surplus and social welfare. We demonstrate that retailer dominance is the Pareto optimal strategy.
Prediction of blood‐brain barrier permeability using machine learning approaches based on various molecular representation
Authors: Liang Li , Liu Zhiwen , Yang Xinyi , Zhang Yanmin , Liu Haichun , Chen Yadong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe assessment of compound blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability poses a significant challenge in the discovery of drugs targeting the central nervous system. Conventional experimental approaches to measure BBB permeability are labor‐intensive, cost‐ineffective, and time‐consuming. In this study, we constructed six machine learning classification models by combining various machine learning algorithms and molecular representations. The model based on ExtraTree algorithm and random partitioning strategy obtains the best prediction result, with AUC value of 0.932±0.004 and balanced accuracy (BA) of 0.837±0.010 for the test set. We employed the SHAP method to identify important features associated with BBB permeability. In addition, matched molecular pair (MMP) analysis and representative substructure derivation method were utilized to uncover the transformation rules and distinctive structural features of BBB permeable compounds. The machine learning models proposed in this work can serve as an effective tool for assessing BBB permeability in the drug discovery for central nervous system disease.
Synthesis of hierarchical ZSM‐5 using polymer macro template for selective C‐alkylation of m‐cresol with tert‐butanol
Authors: Hsu Hsiu‐Ling , Roselin L. Selva , Savidha R. , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Selvin Rosilda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study reports nanocrystalline hierarchical zeoite ZSM‐5 as a potential alternative to homogeneous catalysts for the liquid phase tert‐butylation of m‐cresol. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride macro‐template was used to develop vacuum‐concentration dual template nano‐precursors by hydrothermal process. The catalytic performance was analyzed for the given reaction and the high percent conversion of reactants with excellent selectivity towards the ortho isomer, 2‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylphenol was recorded. In contrast, the low activity and selectivity towards the tert‐butylation of m‐cresol, and the selectivity towards the desired product are noticed with the nanocrystalline zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized without macro‐template. In addition, the catalyst is recoverable due to its robust nature, which indirectly reduces industrial wastage. Various parameters that affect the rate of the reaction were optimized. Kinetic analysis studies showed that the reaction followed first‐order kinetics with respect to tert‐ and the reaction obeyed the Langmuir‐Hinselwood mechanism. The activation energy was determined as 43.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mole. The study reveals that nanocrystalline hierarchical zeolite ZSM‐5 is an efficient, selective, simple, economical and environment‐friendly catalyst for the tert‐butylation of m‐cresol.
Time to diagnosis among young patients with cancer
Authors: Winestone Lena E. , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Puccetti Diane , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Henk Henry J. , McPheeters Jeffrey , Kahn Justine M. , Ginsberg Jill , Wong Samantha , Timberline Sage , Malogolowkin Marcio , Pollock Brad H. , Alvarez Elysia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSociodemographic and clinical factors associated with diagnostic delays in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancers are poorly understood.MethodsUsing the Optum Labs Data Warehouse's de‐identified claims data for commercial health plan enrollees, we identified children (0–14 years) and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) (15–39 years) diagnosed with one of 10 common cancers from 2001 to 2017, who were continuously enrolled for 6 months preceding diagnosis. Time to diagnosis was calculated as days between first medical encounter with possible cancer symptoms and cancer diagnosis date. Median times from first symptom to diagnosis were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression identified sociodemographic factors associated with longer time (>3 months) to cancer diagnosis (from symptom onset).ResultsOf 47,296 patients, 87% presented prior to diagnosis with symptoms. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors were most likely to present with symptoms (93%), whereas patients with cervical cancer were least likely (70%). Symptoms varied by malignancy. Of patients with symptoms, thyroid (105 days [range: 50–154]) and cervical (104 days [range: 41–151]) cancer had the longest median time to diagnosis. Females and patients at either end of the age spectrum were more likely to experience diagnosis delays of more than 3 months.ConclusionIn a commercially insured population, time to diagnosis varies by cancer type, age, and sex. Further work is needed to understand the patient, provider, and health system‐level factors contributing to time from symptom onset to diagnosis, specifically in the very young children and the young adult patient population going forward.
Exome sequencing in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a nationwide cohort
Authors: Weller Katinka , Westra Dineke , Peters Nina C. J. , Wilke Martina , Van Opstal Diane , Feenstra Ilse , van Drongelen Joris , Eggink Alex J. , Diderich Karin E. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses and neonates with prenatally detected congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and normal copy number variant (CNV) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of prenatally diagnosed CDH cases seen between 2019 and 2022. All cases who underwent prenatal or postnatal genetic testing were reviewed. The results from the ES analysis that identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic single nucleotide variants are described.ResultsIn total, 133 fetuses with CDH were seen, of whom 98 (74%) had an isolated CDH and 35 (26%) had a complex CDH (associated structural anomalies) on prenatal examination. ES was performed in 68 cases, and eight pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were found, accounting for a 12% diagnostic yield (10% [5/50] in isolated cases and 17% [3/18] in complex CDH).ConclusionsIn 12% of fetuses and neonates with CDH and normal CNV analysis results, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified with ES. These data indicate that there is a substantial diagnostic yield when offering ES in prenatally detected CDH, both in complex and isolated cases.
Incidence of serious infections in the working‐age Japanese adult population with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitors and interleukin‐6 inhibitors: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ota Ryosuke , Hirata Atsushi , Hata Takeo , Nishihara Masami , Neo Masashi , Katsumata Takahiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitors (TNFαi) and interleukin‐6 inhibitors (IL‐6i), with no prior use of biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsWe employed the nationwide insurance claims database encompassing the years 2005 to 2018 in Japan. The inclusion criteria specified patients who were prescribed any type of bDMARDs, including TNFαi and IL‐6i. The following exclusion criteria were applied: missing prescription dates, RA not diagnosed, below 16 years of age, bDMARDs prescribed within 6 months of registration, RA diagnosed post‐bDMARDs prescription, and incidence of serious infections within 2 weeks before bDMARDs therapy. We applied stabilized inverse probability weights and utilized a Cox regression model to estimate the risk of serious infections associated with TNFαi and IL‐6i.ResultsThe cohort of 2493 patients with RA was categorized into a TNFαi group and an IL‐6i group of 2018 and 475 participants, respectively. The median follow‐up duration (interquartile range) was 347 (147–820) days in the TNFαi group and 369 (149–838) days in the IL‐6i group. In the inverse probability‐weighted cohort, the incidence rates (95% confidence interval) of serious infections were 2.13 (1.65–2.71) and 3.25 (2.15–4.69) per 100 person‐years for the TNFαi and IL‐6i groups, respectively. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing the TNFαi group to the IL‐6i group was 0.66 (0.36–1.20, p = 0.168).DiscussionThe results underscore the lack of evidence to preferentially favor either TNFαi or IL‐6i as later‐line therapy in the management of bDMARDs‐naive RA to mitigate the risk of serious infections.
A model for the combustion behavior of AP/HTPB propellant containing ultrafine aluminum
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Xue Xiaochun , Yu Yonggang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNano‐aluminum, renowned for its remarkable efficacy in augmenting propulsion efficiency and regressive velocity, stands out as a compelling choice for incorporation into heterogeneous propellant compositions. Nevertheless, the considerable expense of this ultrafine aluminum variant, coupled with the inherent hazards associated with conducting propellant trials, may deter extensive allocation of resources and efforts towards the intricate processes of amalgamation, molding, and comprehensive analysis of the combustion characteristics of freshly devised propellant blends. To provide theoretical support for predicting the chemical properties of nano‐Al composite propellant, we establish a numerical framework to study the combustion characteristics under the working environment of a solid rocket motor. A new five‐step kinetic mechanism is developed in this model to describe the reaction process in the gas phase while accounting for heat conduction, radiative effects, and non‐planar moving surfaces. The comparison between our theoretical work and experimental results confirms that making no distinction among Al particle sizes below 3 μm is reasonable. Finally, the effects of nano‐Al on combustion, burning rate variation, and temperature sensitivity are analyzed in detail.