bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipokines: Biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity
Authors: Conde Javier , Scotece Morena , Gómez Rodolfo , López Verónica , Gómez‐Reino Juan Jesús , Lago Francisca , Gualillo Oreste 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUntil the identification of leptin, the first adipokine discovered in 1994, adipose tissue was considered only as an energy storage tissue. However, it is now clear that adipose tissue is an endocrine/paracrine/autocrine organ, which plays a relevant role in physiopathology of several inflammatory diseases. Actually, it is mainly involved not only in the low‐grade inflammatory status in obesity but also in other relevant inflammatory conditions and autoimmune disorders. In this review article, we discuss the main biological activities of leptin, adiponectin, lipocalin‐2, resistin, and visfatin, as well as their contributions to certain inflammatory conditions.
Hydrogel design for supporting neurite outgrowth and promoting gene delivery to maximize neurite extension
Authors: Shepard Jaclyn A. , Stevans Alyson C. , Holland Samantha , Wang Christine E. , Shikanov Ariella , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHydrogels capable of gene delivery provide a combinatorial approach for nerve regeneration, with the hydrogel supporting neurite outgrowth and gene delivery inducing the expression of inductive factors. This report investigates the design of hydrogels that balance the requirements for supporting neurite growth with those requirements for promoting gene delivery. Enzymatically‐degradable PEG hydrogels encapsulating dorsal root ganglia explants, fibroblasts, and lipoplexes encoding nerve growth factor were gelled within channels that can physically guide neurite outgrowth. Transfection of fibroblasts increased with increasing concentration of Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) cell adhesion sites and decreasing PEG content. The neurite length increased with increasing RGD concentration within 10% PEG hydrogels, yet was maximal within 7.5% PEG hydrogels at intermediate RGD levels. Delivering lipoplexes within the gel produced longer neurites than culture in NGF‐supplemented media or co‐culture with cells exposed to DNA prior to encapsulation. Hydrogels designed to support neurite outgrowth and deliver gene therapy vectors locally may ultimately be employed to address multiple barriers that limit regeneration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:830–839. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochrome c dissolved in 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride type ionic liquid undergoes a quasi‐reversible redox reaction up to 140°C
Authors: Tamura Kaori , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSolubility of cytochrome c, a typical heme protein, in a various ionic liquids has been analyzed. The solubility has been discussed with polarity parameters of the ionic liquids. Both hydrogen bond basicity and dipolarity/polarizability of the ionic liquids were confirmed to be influential factors to control the solubilization of cytochrome c. Polar ionic liquids such as 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride solubilized cytochrome c at 80°C, and the dissolved cytochrome c was found to keep its redox activity in these ionic liquids. The redox response of the dissolved cytochrome c was detected in 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride up to 140°C. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:729–735. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced recovery of antitumor ganoderic acid T from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia by novel chemical conversion strategy
Authors: Wang Jia‐Le , Gu Tingyue , Zhong Jian‐Jiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe removal of analog impurities with a very small sample size presents a major challenge in the purification of high‐valued biochemicals such as those derived from fermentation or herbs. Ganoderic acid T (GA‐T), an antitumor drug candidate, is very difficult to purify from the mycelia of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum due to co‐purifying analog impurities. A novel pretreatment process with three consecutive chemical conversion steps, namely hydrolysis–acetylation–hydrolysis, was developed to convert two key analog impurities (7‐O‐ethyl GA‐O and GA‐Mk) to GA‐T. It increased the GA‐T amount in the 100 g dried mycelia from the initial 0.444 g to 1.621 g after the pretreatment, representing an apparent yield of 365% for the pretreatment. If the yield basis were the initial GA‐T amount plus the GA‐T amount from 100% conversion of 7‐O‐ethyl GA‐O and GA‐Mk in the crude extract, the yield, termed adjusted yield for the pretreatment in this work, would still reach 90.8%. Furthermore, the subsequent RP‐HPLC purification was considerably enhanced due to the conversion of the analog impurities. This game‐changer strategy achieved a daily GA‐T throughput of 2.9 g with 95% purity (mass based). Even at the laboratory scale, it is now possible to produce a sufficient amount of GA‐T for small‐scale pharmacological and clinical evaluations. The approach of converting analog impurities that are otherwise difficult to remove to the product in a bioseparation process may be useful to achieve enhanced recovery of other medicinally useful natural products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:754–762. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel iron–sulfur containing NADPH‐Reductase from Nocardia farcinica IFM10152 and fusion construction with CYP51 lanosterol demethylase
Authors: Choi Kwon‐Young , Jung Eun‐Ok , Jung Da‐Hye , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Lee Nahum , Yun Hyungdon , Park Hyung‐yun , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCYP51, a sterol 14α‐demethylase, is one of the key enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis and requires electrons transferred from its redox partners. A unique CYP51 from Nocardia farcinica IFM10152 forms a distinct cluster with iron–sulfur containing NADPH‐P450 reductase (FprD) downstream of CYP51. Previously, sequence alignment of nine reductases from N. farcinica revealed that FprC, FprD, and FprH have an additional sequence at their N‐termini that has very high identity with iron–sulfur clustered ferredoxin G (FdxG). To construct an artificial self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) with only FprD, CYP51, and iron–sulfur containing FprD were fused together with designed linker sequences. CYP51–FprD fusion enzymes showed distinct spectral properties of both flavoprotein and CYP. CYP51–FprD F1 and F2 in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) catalyzed demethylation of lanosterol more efficiently, with kcat/Km values of 96.91 and 105.79 nmol/min/nmol, respectively, which are about 35‐fold higher compared to those of CYP51 and FprD alone. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:630–636. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High tie in anterior resection for rectal cancer confers no increased risk of anastomotic leakage
Authors: Rutegård M , Hemmingsson O , Matthiessen P , Rutegård J 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
It is controversial whether division of the inferior mesenteric artery close to the aorta influences the risk of anastomotic leakage, especially in the elderly and unfit. This population-based study was carried out to evaluate the independent association between a high arterial ligation and anastomotic leakage in anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Methods
All patients who had anterior resection for rectal cancer from 2007 to 2009 inclusive were identified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. The association between high tie and anastomotic leakage was evaluated in a logistic regression model, with adjustment for confounders. Stratification was performed for co-morbidity as judged by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification.

Results
Symptomatic anastomotic leakage occurred in 81 (9·9 per cent) of 818 patients with a high tie and 108 (9·8 per cent) of 1101 without. Overall, the use of a high tie was not associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage (odds ratio (OR) 1·00, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·72 to 1·39). There was no increased risk in patients classifed as ASA grade I or II (OR 0·97, 0·69 to 1·35), or in those graded ASA III or IV (OR 1·26, 0·58 to 2·75).

Conclusion
In the present population-based setting, use of a high tie was not associated with an increased rate of symptomatic anastomotic leakage. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of a brief psychological intervention to increase walking in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Cunningham M A , Swanson V , O'Caroll R E , Holdsworth R J 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Increased walking is often recommended for patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Current methods to increase walking in these patients increase capability but not daily behaviour. This trial assessed whether a brief psychological intervention could increase daily walking at 4 months.

Methods
This randomized, single-centre, parallel-group trial was conducted between April 2008 and July 2010. Patients newly diagnosed with IC were randomly assigned into two groups. All clinical staff involved in patient management were blinded to allocation. The control group received usual care plus researcher contact, and the treatment group received usual care and a brief psychological intervention to modify illness and walking beliefs and to develop a personalized walking action plan. The psychological intervention was delivered in two 1-h sessions in participants' homes. The primary outcome was daily steps measured by pedometer 4 months later. Analyses were by intention to treat.

Results
Of 109 patients screened, 72 were eligible for inclusion; 58 patients consented to participate and were randomly allocated to usual care (30) or brief psychological intervention (28). All 58 participants were included in the analysis of the primary outcome. Compared with controls at 4-month follow-up, participants who received the psychological intervention walked a mean of 1575·63 (95 per cent confidence interval 731·97 to 2419·29) more steps per day. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion
A brief psychological intervention significantly increased daily walking in patients with IC at 4 months. This study provided support for a potentially new direction in the treatment of IC. Registration number: ISRCTN28051878 (http://www.controlled-trials.com). Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of an LC‐MS‐MS method for determination of methyl kulonate in rat plasma
Authors: Deng Zhipeng , Yuan Tao , Cui Shuxiang , Liu Shaochao , Xie Yanying , Yao Qingqiang 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive, rapid and specific LC‐MS‐MS method was established and validated for determination of methyl kulonate, a major bioactive constituent isolated from Meliae Cortex, in rat plasma. Plasma samples were treated by precipitating protein with methanol and were chromatographed using a Capcell Pak C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase comprising a mixture of methanol, 10 m m ammonium formate and formic acid (95:5:0.1, v/v/v). Detection and quantification were performed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive atmospheric ionization at m/z 467 → 311 for methyl kulonate, and m/z 469 → 451 for dubione B (internal standard), respectively. A good linear response was observed over the concentration range 1.00–500 ng/mL with the lower limit of quantification 1.00 ng/mL in rat plasma. The method also afforded satisfactory results base on sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, freeze–thaw and long‐time stability. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of methyl kulonate in rats after oral administration at dose of 100 mg/kg. This pharmacokinetic study of methyl kulonate is reported here for the first time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B using differential isotopic tags and liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Bao Khanh Dang , Letellier Ann , Beaudry Francis 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus produces enterotoxins, which are causative agents of foodborne intoxications. Enterotoxins are single‐chain polypeptides and have a molecular weight of about 26–28 kDa. The consumption of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins results in the onset of acute gastroenteritis within 2–6 h. The objective of this study was the development of a new method for the quantification of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food matrices. Tryptic peptide map was generated and nine proteolytic fragments were clearly identified (sequence coverage of 35%). Among these, three specific tryptic peptides were selected to be used as surrogate peptides and internal standards for quantitative analysis using an isotopic tagging strategy along with analysis by LC‐MS/MS. The linearity of the measurement by LC‐MS/MS was evaluated by combining mixtures of both isotopes at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 1H/2H molar ratios with a slope near to 1, values of R2 above 0.98 and %CV obtained from six repeated measurement was below 8%. The precision and accuracy of the method were assessed using SEB spiked in chicken meat homogenate samples. SEB was fortified at 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/g. The accuracy results indicated that the method can provide accuracy within a 84.9–91.1% range. Overall, the results presented in this manuscript show that proteomics‐based methods can be effectively used to detect, confirm and quantify SEB in food matrices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of multiple absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Paederia scandens decoction
Authors: Jiang Weixin , Jin Di , Li Zhixiong , Sun Zhaolin , Chen Mingcang , Wu Bin , Huang Chenggang 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPaederia scandens (Lour.) Merri. (Jishiteng in Chinese) is a Chinese traditional medicine widely used in treating various diseases. However, its active components have remained unknown. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive method by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MSn) techniques was employed to investigate the absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Paederia scandens decoction. By comparing their MS data with those of authentic compounds and published data, a total of six compounds (paederosid, 1; paederosidic acid, 2; paederosidic acid methyl ester, 3; 6‐hydroxy geniposide, 4; asperuloside, 5; and deacetyl asperuloside, 6) were identified in the P. scandens decoction samples. In addition, a total of seven compounds, including three iridoid glucosides and four of their metabolites, were identified in rat urine samples after administration. In addition, six compounds, including four iridoid glucosides and two of their metabolites, were identified in rat serum samples after administration. Our results significantly narrow the range of potentially active compounds in P. scandens decoction, and build a solid foundation for future research on its mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Does the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Enhance Firm Value? The Case of Japanese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Nishitani Kimitaka , Kokubu Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the influence of firms’ reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on firm value, measured by Tobin's q. If the stockholders/investors regard the reduction of GHG emissions as a form of intangible value, the reduction of GHG emissions will enhance firm value. To prove this relation more precisely, this paper analyzes not only the effect of the reduction of GHG emissions on firm value but also that of the market discipline imposed by the stockholders/investors in terms of the reduction of GHG emissions. Using data on 641 Japanese manufacturing firms in the period 2006–2008, the random effect instrumental variable estimate supports the view that firms with strong market discipline imposed by stockholders/investors are more likely to reduce GHG emissions and, consequently, firms that reduce more GHG emissions are more likely to enhance firm value. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Use of computational fluid dynamics as a tool for establishing process design space for mixing in a bioreactor
Authors: Rathore A. S. , Sharma C. , Persad A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe concept of “design space” plays an integral part in implementation of quality by design for pharmaceutical products. ICH Q8 defines design space as “the multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables (e.g., material attributes) and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide assurance of quality. Working within the design space is not considered as a change. Movement out of the design space is considered to be a change and would normally initiate a regulatory post‐approval change process. Design space is proposed by the applicant and is subject to regulatory assessment and approval.” Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly being used as a tool for modeling of hydrodynamics and mass transfer. In this study, a laboratory‐scale aerated bioreactor is modeled using CFD. Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase model is used along with dispersed k–ε turbulent model. Population balance model is incorporated to account for bubble breakage and coalescence. Multiple reference frame model is used for the rotating region. We demonstrate the usefulness of CFD modeling for evaluating the effects of typical process parameters like impeller speed, gas flow rate, and liquid height on the mass transfer coefficient (kLa). Design of experiments is utilized to establish a design space for the above mentioned parameters for a given permissible range of kLa. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle in fetuses and adult cadavers and its relation to anterior interosseous nerve
Authors: Kara Alev , Elvan Ozlem , Yildiz Selda , Ozturk Hakan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle (ahFPL) and its relation with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) in human fetuses and adult cadavers. Ninety fetus forearms and 52 adult cadaver forearms were dissected to evaluate the incidence, morphology, and innervation of the ahFPL. The ahFPL was observed in 29/90 (32%) of the fetus forearms and 20/52 (39%) of the adult cadaver forearms. The overall side incidence was 34.5% (49/142) among total forearms examined. On the other hand, the population incidence of ahFPL was 42% (19/45) in fetuses while it was 50% (12/24) in adult cadavers. So, the overall incidence in humans was 44.9% (31/69) in the population studied. Compression of the AIN in the forearm by the ahFPL is known as one of the causes of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS). So, the relation of ahFPL with the AIN was evaluated, and in light of previous classifications a modified new classification is proposed. The most common relation detected in this study was Type IVa (71.4%) (AIN and its branches coursed posterior to the ahFPL). While Type I was not observed in this study, the incidences of Type II, Type III, and Type IVb (all AIN branches ‘without AIN itself’ coursed posterior to the ahFPL) were 2%, 14.3%, and 12.3%, respectively. The Types I, IVa, and IVb are thought to be associated with complete or incomplete types of AINS and Type III with incomplete type of AINS only. Clin. Anat. 25:601–608, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Synthesis of Caged Fluorescent Nucleotides and Application to Live‐cell RNA Imaging
Authors: Ikeda Shuji , Kubota Takeshi , Wang Dan Ohtan , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Umemoto Tadashi , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA binary photocontrolled nucleic acid probe that contains a nucleotide modified with one photolabile nitrobenzyl unit and two hybridization‐sensitive thiazole orange units has been designed for area‐specific fluorescence imaging of RNA in a cell. The synthesized probe emitted very weak fluorescence regardless of the presence of the complementary RNA, whereas it showed hybridization‐sensitive fluorescence emission at 532 nm after photoirradiation at 360 or 405 nm for uncaging. Fluorescence suppression of the caged probe was attributed to a decrease in the duplex‐formation ability. Caged fluorescent nucleotides with other emission wavelengths (622 and 724 nm) were also synthesized in this study; they were uncaged by 360 nm irradiation, and emitted fluorescence in the presence of the complementary RNA. Such probes were applied to area‐specific RNA imaging in a cell. Only probes in the defined irradiation area were activated by uncaging irradiation, and subnuclear mRNA diffusion in a living cell was monitored.
Zirconium Phosphate Coating on Aluminum Foams by Electrophoretic Deposition for Acidic Catalysis
Authors: Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Schouten Jaap C. , van der Schaaf John , Nijhuis T. Alexander 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe electrophoretic deposition method has been applied for the formation of an amorphous zirconium phosphate layer on the surface of open‐cell aluminum foam. The aluminum foam was fully and uniformly covered by the zirconium phosphate layer with a good mechanical adherence to the support. The obtained composites were characterized by using XRD, SEM and nitrogen adsorption. The coated aluminum foams showed high catalytic activity in the dehydration of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. This method of foam coating is much more convenient and effective than the traditional washcoating procedure, avoiding the anodization pretreatment of the foam to increase adherence.
A further study on closo boron hydrides B16H2−16 (D2) and B16H16Td) using ab initio molecular orbital theory
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Tian , Hu Xu‐Guang , Cai Yu‐Min , Li Qian‐Shu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAb initio molecular orbital calculations of doubly negative charged B16H2−16(D2) and neutral B16H16(Td) have been done at the HF/6‐31G level. They are predicted to be chemically and kinetically stable by vibrational analyses on their respective energy hypersurface of the HF/6‐31G level. The geometrical structure of the species B16H216 (D2) was discussed.
Binding studies of DNA with Co(III) coordination compound
Authors: Jin Lan , Yang Pin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe binding of Co(bpy)2dppz3+ to calf thymus DNA was investigated by using absorption and emission spectroscopy, DNA melting techniques, cyclic voltammetry, viscosity and electro phoresis measurements, where bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridyl, dppz is dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c] phenazine. The binding compound shm absorption hypochromicity, fluorescence enhancement, and increasing of DNA melting temperature and the specific viscosity. CV measurement shows the shifts in oxidation‐reduction potential and change in peak current with addition of DNA. The compound ie also shown to be more efficient photosensitisers for strand breaks in plasmid DNA.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a new trimetallic thiocubane cluster
Authors: Yu Rong‐Min , Lu Shao‐Fang , Huang Xiao‐Ying , Huang Jian‐Quan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe trimetallic cluster W2CuAgS4(TDT)2(PPh3)2‐CH2Cl2 (TDT= [S2(C6H3)CH3]2–) (2) has been prepared from the reaction of the well‐defined molecule building block [W2S4(TDT)2]2–(1) with AgNO3, CuBr and PPh3. The structure contains a [w2CuAgS4]4+ distorted cubane‐like core. Two types of metal‐metal bonds exist in the core. One is WW bond of which length is 0.2871(1) nm, the other is WM' (M'=Cu or Ag) bonds, whose mean distance is 0.2980 nm. The details of synthesis, structure, IR, UV‐Vis and 31P NMR spectra are reported. The crystallographic data are: space group P21/n, with a=1.6987(4), b=1.7763(6), c=1.8918(5) nm, β=98.54(2)°, V=5.645(3) nm3, Z=4. and final R=0.043 for 6437 observed reflections.