bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigated Wheat on a Calcareous Soil as Affected by Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Zinc: I. Yield, Composition, and Number of Heads1
Authors: Fuehring H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrain yield of a Mexican semi‐dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Pitic 69’) was increased economically by application up to 300 kg/ha for yields in the order of 9 metric tons/ha. Contrary to the effects on an adjacent maize experiment, application of P and Zn tended to reduce grain yield, apparently due to overstimulation of tillering and the resulting excessive number of heads per unit area with the normal seeding rate used. The increased tillering may have important implications where it is desirable to use low seeding rates as with the expensive seed of hybrid wheat.Each of the variables increased its own concentration in the grain and N had a significantly negative first order effect on P concentration, K had a significantly negative effect on Cu concentration, N had a significantly positive effect on Ca concentration, and P had a significanlty positive effect on K concentration. However, these first order effects were considerably modified in some cases by various important two‐way and threeway interactions.
Evaluation of Tall Fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., for Turf in the Transition Zone of the United States
Authors: Juska F. V. , Hanson A. A. , Hovin A. W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., was seeded alone and in mixture with common Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., and both seedings were evaluated under three cutting heights and sources, rates, and time of nitrogen application from 1960 through 1968. Significant differences were obtained between fertilizer treatments. Plots which received 1.4 kg of N as urea per 93 m2, spring and fall, rated higher in turf quality than plots which received 0.7 kg of N per 93 ms2, spring and fall. Plots receiving ammonium nitrate (as determined by visual observation, 2.7 kg of N per 93 ms2 per year) rated higher in turf quality than those receiving urea‐form at same rate applied either in spring or fall. Over the 8‐year period, average turf quality scores for tall fescue seeded alone were higher than in mixture with common Kentucky bluegrass but not significantly until 1968. The percentage of tall fescue in mixture with Kentucky bluegrass declined over the years until each grass contributed equally to the botanical composition. There was some evidence of tall fescue forming clumps in the mixture. Tall fescue is adapted to the transition zone and appears suitable for expansive turf areas where its coarse texture is not objectionable.
Sulfur Effects on the Elemental Composition of Alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) and Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Caldwell A. C. , Seim E. C. , Rehm G. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractForms of S at various rates were applied to alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) grown on 3‐deficient soil. Tissue samples were collected and analyzed for S, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, AI, St, Mo, Co, Na, Si, and Ba. Sulfur content of alfalfa increased with increasing rates of S applied. The N content of both young and mature alfalfa was increased, but P content was consistently decreased by increasing rates of S. Elemental S at 112 kg S/ha, applied annually, increased the Mn content of alfalfa and decreased the B content. In general, levels of other elements in alfalfa were not consistently affected by S application. Sulfur increased the levels of S in corn, and also increased the N content in the mature plant. Phosphorus in corn was decreased but no consistent effect of S was found on the other nutrient elements in corn.
Leaf Sampler for Relative Water Content Measurements: Design and Application1
Authors: Brown Ray W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA leaf sampler capable of holding eight samples has been designed and used for measuring the relative water content of plant tissues. The precision‐made leaf cutter and sample chambers permit the collection of leaf tissue disks from leaves still attached to the plant. After excision, tissue samples can be sealed immediately in small vials within the sample chambers to prevent evaporative water loss. Relative water content values of orchardgrass leaf samples obtained with the leaf sampler were higher, without exception, than were the values of similar samples obtained with a cork borer. However, these differences were not significant until permanent wilting was approached.
Estimating Alfalfa Yields1
Authors: Shrivastava J. P. , Miller D. A. , Jackobs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simple, quick and reliable method of estimating for age yield in natural stands indicated that the yield of dry matter of variable alfalfa stand densities is highly carrelated with the total resting heights of the bottom of a cardboard box dropped on he vegetation. The method is objective and reliable.
Effect of Soil Depth and Plant Age on 32Phosphorus Uptake by Corn and Sorghum1
Authors: Lavy T. L. , Eastin J. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCarrier‐free H332PO4 was injected into a Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil at depths of 15, 30, and 61 cm when corn (Zea mays L., var. ‘Nebraska 202’) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, var. ‘Nebraska 505’) plants were 23, 39, and 59 days old. At the 23‐day age most 32P was taken up by roots in the upper 15 cm. Corn roots penetrated to a 61 cm depth earlier than sorghum roots. As the season progressed, sorghum lateral root activity at the 30 and 61 cm soil depths became important. Following the radioactive P injections when plants were 59 days old, sorghum took up more 32P than corn. Plant age or depth of injection had little effect on the 32P contributed by roots at varying distances from the source. Roots which extended laterally beyond 66 cm contributed little to the P nutrition of either corn or sorghum grain. Both corn and sorghum had root systems that penetrated to a depth of 152 cm and extended laterally 238 cm.
Moisture Content of Cotton Leaves and Petioles as Related to Environmental Moisture Stress1
Authors: Longenecker D. E. , Lyerly P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMoisture content of topmost mature cotton (gossypium) leaves and petioles, from irrigation to permanent wilting, was determined directly in two studies — one in the greenhouse and one in the field. Fresh weight moisture percentages of both leaves and petioles were shown to decrease gradually as soil moisture was depleted, dropping more rapidly near permanent wilting. Petioles showed consistently higher moisture percentages and more uniform depletion curves than leaves throughout the moisture extraction periods. This suggests that cotton petioles may be more reliable and more useful indicators of the constantly changing plant‐soil moisture relationship than leaves.
Long‐term Fertility Requirements of Coastal Bermudagrass. III. Sulphur1
Authors: Woodhouse W. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractData are presented on the effect of a S variable on yield, together with the effect of six levels of N, on S content and N/S ratio in coastal bermudagrass grown on a Eustis sand over an 8‐year period. The addition of S significantly increased yields in 7 of the 8 years. The application of N depressed S concentration in the forage, particularly at the higher rates. There was a positive relationship between N/S ratio and rate of applied N with N/S at the higher rates of N substantially exceeding the presently considered normal value of 12–17. Many of the N/S values were also well above that considered optimum for ruminant nutrition, suggesting that high N/S is a possible factor in some cases of poor animal performance on this forage.
Evaluation of the Orion Cyanide Electrode for Estimating the Cyanide Content of Forage Samples.
Authors: Gillingham J. T. , Shirer M. M. , Page N. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Orion cyanide electrode was evaluated for estimating the cyanide content of forages, by comparison to the colorimetric alkaline picrate method. The two methods were highly correlated (r = +0.956). The Orion electrode was found to overestimate the cyanide content of the forage by about 40%. The overestimation can be corrected with the regression equation, Y = −4 + 1.43 X where X and Y are colorimetric and potentiometric values, respectively. The logarithmic response of the electrode precludes discrimination between plant samples until the CN concentration difference exceeds ± 15% approximately. The electrode method was found to be simple, rapid, and reproducible and well suited for screening purposes.
Herbicide Residue in Soil when Applied to Sorghum in a Winter Wheat‐Sorghum‐Fallow Rotation1
Authors: Wicks G. A. , Fenster C. R. , Burnside O. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAtrazine [2‐chloro‐4(ethylamino)‐6‐(isopropylamino)‐s‐triazine] and propazine [2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(isopropylamino)‐s‐triazine] were applied to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] at 1.12 to 8.96 kg/ha on separate plots in 1960–63, 1965, and 1966 at 11 experimental locations across Nebraska. Winter wheat was seeded 15 months later. Atrazine, when applied to sorghum at recommended rates, did not affect subsequent winter wheat yields at North Platte on Holdrege loam and Holdrege silt loam. Occasionally, there was winter wheat stand reduction following atrazine and propazine at 4.48 and 8.96 kg/ha. At Alliance on Keith very fine sandy loam, winter wheat fall top growth was reduced by atrazine at 4.48 kg/ha in 1962 and 1963. Thinning of stand did not always reduce grain yields because of subsequent tillering. There was an increase in winter wheat grain yields in 1964 on plots treated with atrazine at 2.24 kg/ha in the sorghum in 1962. At Lincoln, on Sharpsburg silty clay loam, winter wheat yields were reduced from atrazine carryover in 1963 but not in 1964. Under most Nebraska conditions, atrazine applied to sorghum at recommended rates will not persist long enough to cause yield losses of winter wheat in a winter wheat‐sorghum‐fallow rotation.
Availability of Zinc, Copper and Iron in Fusions with Sulfur1
Authors: Sharpee K. W. , Ludwick A. E. , Attoe O. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study was made of the uptake of zinc, copper, and iron by four successive crops of corn (Zea mays L.) from applications of trace element‐sulfur fusions to Plainfield sand in pots. The various zinc treatments gave increased total yields, but those with copper gave somewhat reduced yields and those of iron had little or no effect. The concentrations of tissue zinc were inversely related to granule size of the ZnO‐S and ZnCO3‐S fusions and were much lower for banding than mixing with the soil. Both the 20 to 40‐ and 40 to 80‐mesh sizes appeared to be quite favorable for prolonged release of zinc. Similar trends were obtained for tissue copper from the application of CuC2O4‐S fusions. The iron released from the FeS‐S fusions appeared to be precipitated too quickly to be satisfactory in supplying the plants with iron. The inclusion of zinc, copper, or iron compounds in the fusions had little or no effect on the rate of sulfur oxidation. Total recovery of applied elemental sulfur by the crops and as soil sulfate varied inversely with granule size and ranged from 5 to 49%. The data obtained so far suggest that fusions of certain trace element compounds with sulfur hold promise as a means of providing prolonged release of Manganese, zinc and copper for plants.
Effects of Surface Area, Exchange Capacity, and Organic Matter Content on Miscible Displacement of Atrazine in Soils1
Authors: Snelling K. W. , Hobbs J. A. , Powers W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMiscible displacement techniques were used to determine the effects of surface area, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter content on the movement of atrazine through saturated soil columns. A 0.05N BaCl2 water solution containing 5 ppm atrazine was added to separate lucite cylinders each containing either silica sand, a fine sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or a muck soil. Breakthrough and closeout curves were plotted for atrazine as well as for the chloride and barium ions. Linear regression curves for relationships between the surface area, the exchange capacity, and the organic matter content of the soil and the difference in volume of solution required for chloride and atrazine breakthrough were drawn. These curves showed that retention by the soil is significantly higher for soils with greater surface areas, exchange capacities, and organic matter content.
Optimum Plot Size and Shape Estimates for Pea Yield Trials1
Authors: Zuhlke Thomas A. , Gritton Earl T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUniformity trial data for shelled pea yield were collected from 1,150 basic unit plots in 1967. Each basic unit was 32 cm (two rows) wide by 3 m long. Optimum plot sizes were estimated using the value 0.46 obtained for Smith's soil heterogeneity index and certain cost assumptions.Optimum plot size for unguarded plots was estimated as 3.3 m2 (approximately 36 ft2). Optimum size of test area for guarded plots was 3.1 m2 (approximately 33 ft2).Differences between plot shapes were not significant for plots two through seven times the basic unit size, but variances of some larger plot sizes were lower for long narrow shapes.
Adventitious Roots, Tillers, and Grain Yields of Spring Wheat as Influenced by N‐P Fertilization1
Authors: Black A. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFactorial combinations of concentrated superphosphate at rates of 0, 22, 45, 90, and 180 kg/ha of P and ammonium nitrate at rates of 0, 45, and 90 kg/ha of N were broadcast on a Williams loam soil and incorporated with a tandem disk just before seeding spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., ‘Fortuna’).Samples of roots and tops taken at the end of tillering revealed that most of the effect of P and N‐P fertilization was accounted for by changes in plant morphology. Tillers per plant (T) were positively correlated with adventitious roots per plant (R), [T = 1.21 + 0.23R, r3 = 0.96]. Heads per ha (H) were linearly related to adventitious roots per plant (R), [H = 1.99 + 0.24R, r3 = 0.94], and to tillers per plant (T), [H = 0.89 + 1.00T, r3 = 0.88]. Number of heads per ha accounted for 97% of the yield variance associated with fertilizer treatments. Number of kernels per head and kernel weights were not significantly influenced by N and P fertilization. The regression of grain yield on number of adventitious roots per plant accounted for 93% of the variations in grain yield associated with fertilizer treatments.Grain yields increased from 1984 to 2706 kg/ha (29.5 to 40.2 bu/A) when 45 kg/ha of P was added alone and to 3306 kg/ha (48.2 bu/A) when 45 kg/ha of N was also applied. Higher rates of P, with or without added N, failed to further increase grain yield.
Adaptation of Gas‐Liquid Chromatography to Analysis of Certain Sugars of Cotton Leaves1
Authors: Sabbe Wayne E. , Cathey George W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA procedure involving gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) of certain sugars in cotton leaves was studied. The use of hexamethyl‐disilazane (HMDS) and trimethyl‐chlorosilane (TMS) for silylation of fructose, glucose, and sucrose gave recovery percentages ranging from 71 to 105%. The substitution of trifluoracetic acid (TFA) for TMS gave recovery percentages of 91 to 109%. The use of TFA also improves the ease of sample preparation since absolute exclusion of water was not necessary. Details of sample preparation and operating parameters of GLC are given.
Effect of Triazine Herbicides on the Prussic Acid Content and Forage Yield of Sorghums1
Authors: Brown A. R. , Beaty E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrometryne and atrazine were applied preemergence at 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha on five hybrid forage sorghums in 1965. Propazine preemergence and atrazine postemergence were applied at the same rates in 1966 and 1967. Forage was harvested in the boot stage simulating green chop. A l0‐cm stubble was left to facilitate regrowth. Prussic acid was determined qualitatively by the A.O.A.C. Na‐picrate paper method. The use of prometryne, atrazine, and propazine as herbicides for weed control in forage sorghums did not increase the prussic acid content of the forage. The 2.24‐ and 4.48‐ kg/ha rates of prometryne and atrazine applied preemergence depressed forage yields in 1965. The 2.24‐ and 4.48‐kg/ha rates of atrazine postemergence and propazine postemergence did not reduce forage yields of any forage sorghums in 1966 and 1967 except ‘Dekalb SX‐11’ which was drastically reduced by the higher rate of atrazine.
Storage of Soybean Pollen for Artificial Crossing1
Authors: Abel G. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoybean pollen desiccated rapidly when removed from the anthers and could not be stored for artificial crossing in any humidity at 26 C. Pollen could be stored in the flowers for at least 8 hr in constant humidities ranging from 0 to 80% relative humidity (RH), but viability was lost in humidities above 80% RH. Pollen viability was drastically reduced when whole flowers were stored in alternating humidities.For artificial crossing in warm and humid environments, pollen in whole flowers can be stored at least 8 hr from gathering time to actual crossing at 26 C and 70% RH.
Root Growth of Cotton as Measured by P32 Uptake1
Authors: Bassett D. M. , Stockton J. R. , Dickens W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDevelopment of the root system of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under irrigated conditions was measured by uptake of P32 variously placed throughout the soil in dissolvable gelatin capsules. Corrections were made for small differences in P32 availability within the soil profile as determined from a greenhouse study. The tap root grew at an average rate of 2.5 cm per day to a depth of 183 cm, the deepest placement. Lateral roots grew at one‐half this rate. The basic framework of the root system was established by the onset of flowering approximately 10 weeks after planting as evidenced by measurable activity at all placements, although twothirds of the total activity on this date was confined to the top 30 cm. Root activity at the lower depths intensified as the season progressed. This resulted in relatively uniform activity through the first 122 cm and significant activity down to 183 cm at the end of the 130 days
Phosphorus Requirements for Tomatoes as Influenced by Placement
Authors: Hipp Billy W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField evaluations were made to determine the effectiveness of broadcast P vs P placed in a band for direct seeded tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) on three soils common to South Texas and Northern Mexico. Broadcast P was ineffective in producing high yields when soil P levels were low enough that a P response was obtained. Phosphorus concentrations in young tomato plants were much higher with band P than broadcast P. Lateral distance of P placement from the seed row was critical in obtaining maximum early tomato growth. Depth of P placement was very important on clay soil but less so on sandy clay loam soil.
Soil Temperature and Source of Nitrogen in Relation to Nitrification in Sodded and Cultivated Soils1
Authors: Anderson O. E. , Jones L. S. , Boswell F. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSods of coastal bermudagrass and fescue in permanent pastures or in sod‐based rotations did not greatly inhibit nitrification of applied N at 32 C. Nitrification was strongly inhibited by sods in the finer textured soils at 6 C, especially those high in silt content. Though there were differences in nitrification rates among several sources of N, they were not strongly related to cropping practices. There were wide differences among the various N sources in the percent recovery of applied N. The percent recovery at 32 C was always higher in sodded than in cultivated soils, irrespective of source, but at 6 C the effect of cropping practice was inconsistent.
Response by Paddy Rice to Rates and Sources of Applied Phosphorus1
Authors: Terman G. L. , Allen S. E. , Engelstad O. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of greenhouse pot experiments with flooded rice (Oryza sativa L. var. ‘Nato’) was conducted on Mountview silt loam, a soil found to be very low in available P for upland crops. Marked yield response by rice was obtained to applied P, but maximum yields were obtained at much lower rates of applied P than is true for most upland crops. Response to applied P decreased with liming of the soil and with increasing levels of acid‐soluble soil P. Granular water‐soluble P sources were most effective for increasing tillering and yields of rice; granular dicalcium phosphate was ineffective. Effectiveness of several fine phosphate rock sources increased with increase in content of AOAC‐available P. The P in S‐coated concentrated superphosphate was not available to a first crop of rice but after degradation of the coating became available for a second crop. The P in Fe phosphates was more available than that in A1 phosphates in the flooded soil. These phosphates were more available as fines than as granules and in colloidal form than as fine crystals.
Performance of Crownvetch and Selected Cool Season Grasses on Roadside Backslopes as Affected by Slope Exposure and Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Dudeck A. E. , Young J. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influences of slope exposure and nitrogen fertilizer on 13 cool season grasses and crownvetch were evaluated on 4:1 north‐ and south‐facing roadside backslopes in eastern Nebraska over a 3‐year period. Establishment rates, seedling stands, and ground cover trends were compared. Slope exposure did not greatly influence species performance. However, Kentucky bluegrass and western wheatgrass grew best on the north‐facing slope and crownvetch exhibited severe symptoms of moisture stress during the summer months on the south‐facing slope but recovered with fall moisture and cooler temperatures. All grasses required annual nitrogen applications to maintain acceptable cover. Dense stands of crownvetch became established after one growing season and increased in size without maintenance.
Dalapon Residues in Alfalfa as Affected by Harvesting and Dehydrating1
Authors: Linscott D. L. , Hagin R. D. , Wright M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe herbicide dalapon, (2,2‐dichloropropionic acid) was applied to ‘Cayuga’ alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages and dehydrated at harvest in a high speed commercial dehydrator. Some dalapon was lost after chopping in the field and prior to dehydration. A large part of the residual dalapon was lost from forage during dehydration. Losses were attributed to distillation of the intact dalapon molecule, destruction by heat, and enzyme‐induced degradation.
Plant Phenols in Flue‐Cured Tobaccos Fertilized at Different Rates1
Authors: Andersen R. A. , Chaplin J. F. , Currin R. E. , Ford Z. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTen tobacco varieties were subjected during growth to three rates each of N, P and K fertilizer, flue‐cured and analyzed for total soluble plant phenols. A small variation for total phenols occurred among varieties averaged over the three fertilizer rates (5.27–6.04%). There was a 15 and 22% relative decrease in phenols at the intermediate (89.6 kg/ha) and high (134.4 kg/ha) N rate, respectively, compared with the lowest rate of N application (44.8 kg/ha). Phosphorus also affected phenol levels in a similar manner, but to a lesser extent. A significant nitrogen with phosphorus interaction was obtained. Little variation was observed in phenols due to increase in potash.