bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of gamma-radiation-attenuated larvae ofGaigeria pachyscelisRailliet and Henry, 1910, for vaccination in lambs
Authors: Ansari Md. Zafrullah , Singh Kunwar Suresh 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe results of a vaccination trial in lambs with gamma-irradiated infective larvae ofGaigeria pachyscelisare described. A single percutaneous (P/C) vaccination of lambs with 2000 infective larvae irradiated at 40 Kr induced the development of resistance. The vaccinated lambs successfully resisted a lethal challenge infection of 5000 non-irradiated larvae 3 months later. In the vaccinated lambs, the manifestations of resistance were shown by marked reduction in the worm establishment, development of retarded and functionally sterile worms and absence of clinical signs of hookworm disease after the challenge infection.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Multicaecum and Brevimulticaecum
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe genus Multicaecum Baylis 1923, sensu Hartwich 1957, was found to be heterogeneous, comprising species which are relegated to two distinct genera, namely Multicaecum Baylis, 1923 and Brevimulticaecum. The latter name is derived from the subgenus Brevimulticaecum Mozgovoy, in Skrjabin, Shikhobalova, and Mozgovoy, 1951 by raising it to generic rank and emending the definition. Multicaecum contains a single species, agile Wedl, 1861 occurring in Crocodylus spp. in Africa, India and Australia, and is characterized by smooth rounded lips, each with a dentigerous ridge comprising small sharp denticles. The excretory pore is level with the nerve ring or behind it, and the ventricular appendices are long and slender. The species gangeticum Maplestone 1930 and quadrata Linstow 1904 are excluded from Multicaecum and regarded as species inquirendae incertae sedis. Brevimulticaecum contains five species occurring in the caimans and the alligator of the New World: baylisi Travassos, 1933 (type species; acuticauda Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1937 is placed in synonomy under baylisi); stekhoveni Baylis, 1947; tenuicolle Rudolphi, 1819; and two new species. Brevimulticaecum spp. are characterized by flat lips with alate margins and notches, without dentigerous ridges, excretory pore in front of or at nerve ring and the ventriculus with short appendices. The significance of this proposal is discussed in relation to the other genera of ascaridoid nematodes in crocodilians.
Histopathology of experimental Schistosoma incognitum infection in mice following exposure to normal and irradiated cercariae
Authors: Tewari H. C. , Ramachandran P. K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe tissue reactions in mice, experimentally infected with normal and irradiated cercariae of S. incognitum were studied. The lesions observed in the skin, liver, lungs and the intestine of mice infected with normal cercariae are briefly described, and compared with those observed with cercariae irradiated at 3000 r of gamma rays. In general, the reactions in mice exposed to normal cercariae were more intense than in those infected with irradiated cercariae. The severity of the reactions appeared largely due to the deposition of eggs in the tissues of the mice infected with normal cercariae. The experimental evidence suggested that most of the flukes from the irradiated cercariae are destroyed in the liver by tissue reaction.
New species of Moaciria Freitas 1956 (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from Australian Reptiles
Authors: Jones H. I. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMoaciria sphenomorphi n. sp. is described from the skink Sphenomorphus gracilipes, Moaciria butleri n. sp. from the elapid snake Pseudechis australis (both from Western Australia), and Moaciria etnae n. sp. from the python Liasis childreni from Queensland. These species differ from one another and from M. alvarengai and M. icosiensis principally in the number and disposition of body and caudal papillae, and from M. freitasi in possessing caudal alae. M. butleri and M. etnae also differ from the other species in possessing a conspicuous three-pointed internal lip tooth, and all three new species possess a small median papilla within the posterior rim of the precloacal sucker.
On the morphological variation ofEuparadistomumspecies (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from small mammals in Malaysia
Authors: Betterton Christine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEuparadistomumis described from 7 species of small mammal in Malaysia. The worms display characteristics intermediate betweenE. buckleyiSingh andE. pearsoniTalbot particularly with regard to body shape and arrangement of vitelline fields. The nature of morphological variation is discussed and comment made on the possible life-cycle of the parasite.
Variation in serum immunoglobulin levels in acute trichinosis
Authors: Matossian Robert M. , Salti Ibrahim , Stephan Edouard 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAn early rise in serum IgE levels was observed in five of seven patients with acute primary trichinosis. Parallel increases in the total IgG, IgM and IgA levels, as well as specific IgG and IgM antibody titres to Trichinella spiralis larval antigen, were detected in two. The elevated levels persisted long after the clinical recovery of the patients.
On two new linstowiid cestodes from Australian dasyurid marsupials
Authors: Beveridge Ian 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTwo new species of the genusOochoristicaLühe, 1898 from Australian dasyuried marsupials are described and their affinities discussed. The new species areO. antechinisp. nov. fromAntechinus macdonnellensisandO. eremophliasp. nov. fromAntechinus rosamondae.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Sulcascaris
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe genus Sulcascaris is upheld and redefined. Sulcascaris sulcata from Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta is redescribed, from Rudolphi's type material and material from the Mediterranean and Western Pacific, demonstrating that the excretory pore opens between the subventral lips and that the excretory cell is bilateral, comprising a short filamentar right component and a more capacious ribbon-like left component containing the nucleus. The phylogenetic significance of this form of excretory system occurring in an ascaridoid of a marine reptile is discussed. It is concluded from comparative studies, based on measurements, sections and electron scanning micrographs, that fourth stage larvae of S. sulcata collected from the stomach of turtles are identical with fourth stage ascaridoid larvae found in the adductor muscle of scallops (Amusium balloti and Chlamys sp.) and that turtles become infected with this species by eating bivalves. Adult S. sulcata were obtained from tank-reared C. caretta fed with encapsulated larvae from scallops.
Isozyme patterns ofSchistosoma japonicumandS. mansoni
Authors: Agatsuma Takeshi , Suzuki Noriji 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIsozyme patterns of six enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were examined in electrophoresed homogenates of adult male worms ofSchistosoma japonicumandS. mansoni. In general, enzyme patterns obtained from the parasite homogenates differed from that of host (mouse) blood and muscle, indicating that electrophoretic patterns from parasite extracts are most probably of parasite origin. Adult male and femaleS. mansoniworms yielded identical patterns. However, all six enzyme patterns showed distinct differences betweenS. japonicumandS. mansoni. These results suggest thatS. japonicumis clearly distinguishable fromS. mansoniat the molecular level.
In vitrotapeworm extract-induced proliferative responses of gut-associated lymphoid cells fromHymenolepis diminutainfected mice
Authors: Isaak Dale D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe development of lymphoid cells reactive to tapeworm-associated antigens during the course ofHymenolepis diminutarejection from mice was studied using anin vitrotapeworm extract (TWE)-induced cell proliferation culture system. Mice infected with three cysticercoids on day 0 developed three adult worms by day 7 but worms were rejected by day 21 post-infection. Concomitant with worm rejection was the development of TWE-sensitized lymphoid cells which responded by proliferation when stimulatedin vitrowith TWE. Sensitized cells were detected in gut-associated mesenteric lymph nodes but were not detected in spleen, axillary lymph nodes, or peyer's patches of infected mice, or in lymphoid organs of non-infected mice. These studies suggest that rejection ofH. diminutafrom mice is associated with the activities of gut-associated, tapeworm antigen-sensitized immune cells localized in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
The cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi under outdoor conditions in the Philippines
Authors: Kawashima Kenjiro , Blas Bayani L. , Santos Alfredo T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi was observed under outdoor conditions in Leyte, Philippines. Nocturnal periodicity of the emergence within 24 hours was recognized. Peak emergence usually occurs between 18:00 and 20:00 and occasionally between 8:00 and 10:00. The peaks were usually synchronized with a sudden lowering of water temperature and light intensity and occasionally with their increase. As the nocturnal periodicity of the emergence was observed in the dark and outdoors, it was suggested that emergence might be dependent on temperature, which is secondarily influenced by photoperiodicity and light intensity.
Observations onToxocara pteropodisinfections in mice
Authors: Prociv P. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTInfection in mice withToxocara pteropodiswas investigated. In mice fed infective eggs, third-stage larvae hatched out and penetrated the mucosa, predominantly that of the lower intestine. They travelled via the portal vein to the liver, where they remained at least 14 months. They grew in length from 430±15μm, at three days post infection (p.i.), to 600 ± 50 μm, at six to nine weeks p.i., after which time growth ceased. Blood eosinophilia appeared at 28 days p.i., and esosinophil levels continued to rise gradually beyond this time. In female mice the larvae did not migrate from the liver in response to pregnancy or lactation. When infective eggs were inoculated subcutaneously or intra-peritoneally, larvae hatched out and ultimately appeared in the liver in larger numbers than seen with oral infections.
Variable infectivity of third-stage larvae of Brugia malayi
Authors: Eberhard Mark L. , Lowrie Robert C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTInfectivity of third-stage larvae of Brugia malayi was assessed following intraperitoneal inoculation into jirds, Meriones unguiculatus. Larvae were of two ages and were derived from two sites in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, i.e., specimens collected from the thorax 11 days after infection and from the head on day 14. Larvae from the thorax had just completed the second moult and measured 990 to 1100μm in length. Only 6% of these specimens developed to adult worms in jirds. Larvae that migrated to the head were 1400 to 1700 μm long on day 14 and, in contrast, 23% of the inocula developed to adult worms. This study establishes that all third-stage larvae, regardless of their age or location in the arthropod host, are potentially infective. However, pronounced physical maturation does seem to be accompanied by a marked increase in infectivity.
Effect of mutagen on culturedSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Coles G. C. , Fitzgerald J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough lightly homogenized three-week-oldSchistosoma mansoniincubated in Mistuhashi and Maramorosch insect tissue culture medium or the medium of Weller and Wheeldon produced adherent cell layers, continued growth of these cells did not occur. Non-adherent cells obtained by trypsinization also failed to produce long term cell cultures even after the addition of a range of growth factors. The possibility of producing tumour-like schistosome cells by the use of the mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate was therefore examined. Four-hour exposure of three-week-old schistosomes caused in some worms (a) large fluid filled ‘ballooning’, which also occurred in adult males, (b) enlargement of the gut, (c) increase in numbers of large round cells within the worms and (d) tissus outgrowths. It is suggested that these effects of mutagen offer new approaches to obtaining permanent schistosome cell cultures.
Schistosome infection in the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus, from Port Elizabeth, Republic of South Africa
Authors: Appleton C. C. , Randall R. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA schistosome infection, cf Gigantobilharzia sp., is recorded from a South African coastal bird, Larus dominicanus, for the first time. The histological response to the presence of the worms and their eggs was considered to be unusually mild. These eggs were all immature and were found only in the mucosa of the gut wall. This raises questions about the oviposition behaviour of the female worm.
Comparative evaluation of various immunodiagnostic tests for the diagnosis ofTaenia soliumcysticercosis in pigs, using fractionated antigens
Authors: Kumar D. , Gaur S. N. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe sensitivity and specificity of double immunodiffusion (DID), indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated and compared using saline extracted ofTaenia soliumlarval scolex and its Sephadex G-200 fractionated 1st and 2nd peak as antigens. Various immunodiagnostic tests gave different results with different antigens. Highest sensitivity (92·5%) was obtained with ELISA using 1st peak antigen and lowest sensitivity was obtained with DID. However, 88·4% and 84·6% sensitivity was obtained with IHA and CIEP respectively using scolex antigen. CIEP gave better results as compared to IEP. Crude antigen gave high sensitivity but less specificity. It was concluded that CIEP can be used as a field test for the anti-mortem diagnosis and ELISA can be employed for laboratory confirmation ofT. soliumcysticercosis in pigs using frationated 1st peak antigen.
Hymenolepis murissylvatici: humoral response in intestinal lavages of the mouse
Authors: Van Der Vorst E. , Dhont H. , Van Haeren C. , Deceunynck R. , De Rycke P. H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHymenolepis murissylvaticielicits a humoral response in serum and in the intestine of the mouse from which it is immunologically rejected. In serum, significant differences were recorded 3 days after reinfection, while in intestinal lavages it takes place from day 9 after reinfection. In serum the response is largely the result of IgG and IgM antibodies whereas in the intestine, IgA is the most abundant antibody. Although specific IgE could not be demonstrated in serum, it was present in intestinal lavages, although rather late (i.e. day 14 after reinfection). Treatment of young wormsin vitroboth with immune serum or intestinal lavages had no apparent effect on their viability. Immune serum produced a complement independent precipitation on the surface of the wormsin vitro. This reaction did not affect viability or infectivity of the parasite, as demonstrated by the successful implantation of treated worms in recipient mice. The above-mentioned results, together with the knowledge that theHymenolepismodel has no tissue stages and causes no tissue damage, make it probable that further study of this model will reveal some specific intestinal immunological reactions.
Mammomonogamus laryngeus(Railliet, 1899) infections in cattle from Sri Lanka
Authors: Van Aken D. , De Bont J. , Fransen J. , Vercruysse J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDuring one year 1249 male cattle were examined forMammomonogamus laryngeusinfections in the slaughterhouse at Kandy, Sri Lanka. The overall prevalence was 40% with only light monthly variations (34 to 52%). The infection rate was highest (47%) in 2 to 2·5 year old animals. In infected animals an average of 6·4 parasite pairs was found with higher numbers in older animals. The majority of worms were located on the posterior side of the epiglottis. Lesions observed were mucosal plugs at the site where the parasites were attached to the mucosa and moderate to severe erosions and ulcers in other zones.
Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in frogs (Rana temporaria) from three locations in Ireland
Authors: Griffin Christine T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA total of 444 adult frogs (Rana temporaria) were obtained from three sites in the east of Ireland. Oswaldocruzia filiformis was present at all times of the year; overall, 64% of the frogs were infected, with a mean burden of 5 worms/frog. Most of the parasites were in the first half of the small intestine. A single gross lesion associated with a high worm burden is described. Female parasites were more abundant than males. Most parasitic stages of O. filiformis overwintered in hibernating hosts. Seasonal patterns in the levels of parasitization were not discerned. The intensity of infection was significantly greater in female than male frogs at one of the sites. There was little correlation between the size of host and degree of parasitization. None of the 45 frog tadpoles examined harboured O. filiformis. Frogs became infected by August of their first year.
Cutaneous oesophagostomiasis in man
Authors: Ross R. A. , Gibson D. I. , Harris Eileen A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA case is presented of infection by Oesophagostomum, a nematode worm, producing a cutaneous nodule in man. Of the 70 individual cases reported in man it is believed that this is the first in which the worm has produced a lesion outside the gastro-intestinal tract and without evidence of bowel infection. This finding suggests either that the worm is able to achieve direct skin penetration or that it can be disseminated from the bowel via the bloodstream or the lymphatics. The pathology caused by Oesophagostomum and the possible modes of infection are discussed in relation to studies in animals, particularly simians and cattle.
Biochemical characterization ofTaenia hydatigenacysticerci from goats and pigs
Authors: Abidi S. M. A. , Nizami W. A. , Khan P. , Ahmad M. , Irshadullah M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the major biochemical components ofTaenia hydatigenacysticerci collected from goats and pigs showed marked differences, particularly in glycogen, protein, lipid and DNA levels. Differences were also detected in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids. Furthermore, the profile of phospholipid fractions revealed quantitative differences between the two species. It is concluded that the cysticerci of goat and pig origin probably represent two different strains and possibly follow the same pattern of speciation as reported in the related taeniid,Echinococcus granulosus.
Composition, secretion, and fate of the glands in the miracidium and sporocyst of Fasciola hepatica L.
Authors: Buzzell Gerald R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe anterior end of the miracidium of Fasciola hepatica contains a large flask-shaped apical gland and four unicellular lateral glands, all of which have ducts which pass to the tip of the apical papilla. These glands appear to be involved in penetration of the larva into the snail host. The apical gland secretes as the miracidium proves the epidermis of the host before attachment. It seems likely that its secretion is a chemical which lyses the epidermal cells. The lateral glands are PAS-positive and may contain a neutral mucopolysaccharide. They also secrete as the miracidium probes the snail and a layer of PAS-positive material may be seen at the leading edge of the apical papilla as the larva penetrates into the host. Both the apical gland and the lateral glands may be visible in the sporocyst for several days after penetration.
Morphological and histochemical observations on the oocapt and oviducal transport of oocytes in Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) (Digenea: Trematoda)
Authors: Gupta B. C. , Parshad V. R. , Guraya S. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe oocapt of Paramphistomum cervi has a narrow constriction followed by a wide lumen with a thickened wall and is surrounded by several unicellular flask-shaped gland cells opening into the lumen. The oocapt gland cells are filled with granules, the size and number of which vary in the body cells and its duct. Histochemical studies have shown that the oocapt gland cells secrete mainly mucoproteins but a few lipoprotein and phospholipid granules have also been observed. The passage of the oocyte through the lumen of the oocapt, appears to stimulate the oocapt gland cells to release their secretion which seems to be involved in transport of the oocyte through the oviduct.
Heterophyes species in Greece: record of H. heterophyes, H. aequalis and H. dispar from the first intermediate host, Pirenella conica
Authors: Taraschewski Horst , Nicolaidou Artemis 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTHeterophyes heterophyes is reported for the first time from the snail host Pirenella conica in Greece. H. aequalis and H. dispar are reported for the first time from Greece and from Europe. The results presented, together with the available data on necropsies of dogs and cats, human infections and the biotope preference of the snail, suggest that Greece is an important focus of infection in Europe.
An evaluation of the efficacy of monensin againstFasciola hepaticain the albino rat
Authors: Skuce P. J. , Fairweather I. , Kenny J. W. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThein vivoefficacy of monensin againstFasciola hepaticawas determined in the albino rat. The results were variable, with monensin generally showing greater activity against juvenile (two-week-old) than adult (12-week-old) fludes. Significant (p<0·005) reductions in worm burdens were obtained only following treatment of adult flukes with 2×10 mg/kg monensin (52·9% efficacy), and of juvenile flukes with 1×10 mg/kg (42·4% efficacy) and 2×10 mg/kg (56·23% efficacy). Monensin administered in the diet (200 ppm) had a negligible effect on juvenile and adult fluke burdens. Prophylactic treatment of rats with monensin (100 ppm) produced a 45·5% efficacy, but this was not statistically significant. At doses of 1×5 mg/kg and 2×2·5 mg/kg, monensin had little effect on egg output byF. hepatica. No clear relationship was established between egg output and worm burden, and so faecal egg counting was not a reliable indicator of fluke burdens in the rat.
The pathogenesis of benzimidazole-resistant and benizimidazole-susceptible strains of trichostrongylus colubriformis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Maclean John M. , lewis David , Holmes Peter H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMongolian gerbils were infected with either a benzimidazole-susceptible or a benzimidazole-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. The comparative pathogensis of both strains of T. colubriformis was investigated for 50 days post-infection. The gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of the parasite showed lower survival rates, reduced body weights, higher parasite egg output and higher worm burdens than animals intected with the drug-resistant stram of parasite. There was also evidence of an enhanced hypoalbuminaemia and a more marked gastrointestinal plasma leak in the gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of patasite. Scanning electron microscope examination of the small intestine showed signs of villus atriphy in both groups of ingected grebils.