bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteoric diagenesis of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene shallow-water carbonates in the Kruja Platform (Albania): geochemical evidence
Authors: Heba Grigor , Prichonnet Gilbert , El Albani Abderrazak 
Published: March 2009

Meteoric diagenesis of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene shallow-water carbonates in the Kruja Platform (Albania): geochemical evidenceIn the central part of the Kruja Platform (Albania) located in the Apulian passive margin, geochemical analyses (calcimetry, Sr, REE and isotopic, δ13C and δ18O) coupled with sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic study were carried out on Upper Cretaceous (CsB4, CsB5, CsB6 Biozones) and Paleocene to Middle Eocene shallow-water carbonates that crop out in the Kruje-Dajt massif (L'Escalier section) and Makareshi massif (La Route section). The lower values in Sr contents, the homogeneous δ18O values in both sections and the covariance between δ13C and δ18O values (La Route section) are attributed to diagenesis influence by a meteoric water-buffer system, supported by petrographic observations. Moreover, a new exposure surface during the Late Cretaceous time (between CsB5 and CsB6 Biozones) may be proposed according to the low or negative excursions of Sr values, the negative excursions of isotopic values in both sections and a positive peak of normalized REE values (La Route section). These variations correlate with the geochemical signal reported by the decreasing strontium isotope values of rudist shells in the Island of Brač carbonate platform (Apulia domain) during the late Middle Campanian (77.3 Ma). Also, this continental exposure is consistent with the global sea-level fall reported from the Boreal Realm, North Atlantic, and the southern Tethyan margin. This geochemical evidence is a complementary tool for the sedimentological analysis and suggests a maximum regression (a sea-level fall) at the transition between the CsB5 and CsB6 Biozones. The high values of Sr content in Middle Eocene carbonates (L'Escalier section) reflect changes in depositional environment from restricted to open marine conditions. REE values increase through transgressive systems tract, characterized by small increase of detrital input. However, anomalies of certain values in both sections suggest disturbances linked either to the changes in clay input and to diagenetic modifications. Peaks in dolomite content are linked with regressive episodes or tendencies, and dolomitic facies, as indicated by intertidal-supratidal depositional environments.
Thoracic trauma and post operative lung injury in a neonatal foal
Authors: Borchers A. , van Eps A. , Zedler S. , Wilkins P. A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA 24‐hour‐old Standardbred filly was referred with an acute history of weakness, respiratory distress and subcutaneous emphysema. Radiographic evaluation revealed left sided rib fractures, unilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Serial arterial blood gas measurements pre‐ and post rib repair showed pulmonary dysfunction. Post operative radiographs revealed the presence of air bronchograms and a bronchointerstitial pattern, suggestive of alveolar parenchymal pathology consistent with pulmonary contusion, pulmonary oedema or ALI/ARDS. The filly was treated with intranasal oxygen and an active chest draining unit and recovered uneventfully.
Effect of country or continent of treatment on outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lipsman Nir , Tolentino Jocelyn , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: March 2009

Object
Prognostic factors for outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) include the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patient and hemorrhage as well as some aspects of treatment. Because treatment can vary between countries and continents, the authors used a large database of patients with SAH to determine the effect of the geographic location of treatment on outcome.

Methods
Data obtained in 3567 patients who were entered into randomized trials of tirilazad between 1991 and 1997 were analyzed. Patients underwent treatment in 162 neurosurgical centers in 21 countries in North America, Europe, Africa, and Australia. The dependent variable was clinical outcome assessed 3 months after SAH with the Glasgow Outcome Scale, which was analyzed as a 5-point variable and dichotomized into favorable (good recovery or moderate disability) and unfavorable (severe disability, vegetative state, or death) outcomes. The effect of country or continent of treatment on outcome was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and proportional odds modeling before and after adjusting for numerous other factors significantly associated with outcome.

Results
The authors constructed several multivariate analysis models and demonstrated that for almost every model, country was not a significant predictor of outcome (p > 0.05). There was variation in outcome between countries, but this was mostly due to differences in other admission characteristics that influence outcome such as age, clinical grade, and subarachnoid clot thickness. Because the number of patients entered from some countries was small, countries were grouped, and the data were analyzed by continent. This grouping gave more stable estimates and created an appropriate model for both logistic and proportional odds models and again showed that continent had no significant effect on outcome.

Conclusions
Despite the variations in treatment that undoubtedly exist between countries and continents, the location of treatment had minimal effect on outcome. Outcome was influenced mostly by clinical characteristics on admission such as neurological grade, patient age, and amount of SAH.
Evaluation of the new HydroSoft coil in a canine model of bifurcation aneurysm
Authors: Tsumoto Tomoyuki , Niimi Yasunari , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: March 2009

Object
The present study was designed to evaluate the new HydroSoft coil as a finishing coil in a canine model of a wide-necked, high-flow bifurcation aneurysm.

Methods
Nine experimental aneurysms were created. The aneurysm dome was first embolized with bare platinum coils and HydroCoils, and then the remaining neck portion was embolized with HydroSoft coils to obtain maximum aneurysm occlusion. Follow-up angiography was performed at 1 and 3 months, and histopathological analysis was performed after the 3-month follow-up angiography.

Results
One hundred twenty-five HydroSoft coils were deployed into 9 aneurysms without any technical problem. The mean volume % of the bare platinum coils, HydroCoils, and HydroSoft coils were 23.0 ± 15.9, 63.0 ± 23.5, and 13.9 ± 8.9%, respectively. The mean aneurysm volumetric occlusion rate was 45.9%. At the 3-month follow-up angiography, 8 of 9 aneurysms remained stable and had not recanalized. Microscopically, most aneurysms showed complete endothelialization and thick neointima formation at the neck surface with no thrombus present.

Conclusions
The HydroSoft coil appears feasible as a finishing coil based on the results of this animal study. HydroSoft coils inserted at the neck of the aneurysm may help induce neointima formation, which may lead to less coil compaction and aneurysm recanalization in clinical practice.
Response of snow cover to climate change in the periphery mountains of Tarim river basin, China, over the past four decades
Authors: Yaning Chen , Changchun Xu , Yapeng Chen , Zhongqin Li , Zhonghe Pang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractData of annual mean temperature, annual total precipitation and snow-cover area (SCA) in the winter season from 1982 to 2001 have been analyzed to examine the response of SCA to climate change in the Tarim basin, western China. The results show that over the entire basin SCA exhibits a slowly decreasing trend. The responses of SCA to temperature and precipitation in the northern, western and southern parts of the basin show a stronger effect of precipitation change on SCA than that of temperature. SCA has slowly increased below 2500ma.s.l., but has decreased at higher altitudes. The lowest-altitude zone was apt to be affected by precipitation, while the highest-altitude zone seems to have been influenced mainly by temperature. The middle zone from 2500 to 5000 m was the most sensitive to climate change. Snowfall and melt rates were higher in the 1990s than in the 1980s. In the winter season, SCA change was positively correlated with precipitation change but not with temperature change.
Depositional characteristics of NH4+ on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan, China
Authors: Huilin Li , Zhongqin Li , Wenbin Wang , Feiteng Wang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInvestigation into the depositional and post-depositional processes of atmospheric NH4+ on Ürümqi glacier No. 1 (UG1), China, was implemented within the Program for Glacier Processes Investigation (PGPI) campaign. Aerosol and surface snow samples were collected concurrently on a weekly basis from March 2004 to March 2005 in the UG1 accumulation zone at the headwaters of the Ürümqi river, eastern Tien Shan. All samples were analyzed for NH4+ and other chemical species. This paper investigates the seasonal variations of NH4+. A significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.70, N = 21, P < 0.01) between NH4+ concentrations in surface snow and aerosol was found during spring and summer, indicating that the warm–wet condition facilitates the air–snow exchange of NH4+. Humidity was found to be a significant meteorological factor influencing NH4+ in deposition in autumn and winter. The NH4+ concentration in aerosol clearly shows a trend similar to that in surface snow, suggesting that the variation of atmospheric NH4+ might have been preserved in the surface snow. The possible source of NH4+ is discussed in this paper.
Simulation of seasonal snow-cover distribution for glacierized sites on Sonnblick, Austria, with the Alpine3D model
Authors: Mott Rebecca , Faure Françoise , Lehning Michael , LӦWE Henning , Hynek Bernhard , Michlmayer Gernot , Prokop Alexander , Schӧner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA detailed model of Alpine surface processes is used to simulate the amount of preferential deposition as well as redistribution of snow due to snowdrift for two alpine glaciers (Goldbergkees and Kleinfleißkees, Austrian Alps). The sequence of snow-cover modelling consists of the simulation of the wind field with a mesoscale atmospheric model, a three-dimensional finite-element drift module, an energy-balance module and a snowpack module. All modules with the exception of the wind-field model are integrated within the Alpine3D model frame. The drift module of Alpine3D distinguishes between saltation and suspension and is able to capture preferential deposition of snow precipitation and redistribution of previously deposited snow. Validation of the simulated snow depth is done using the spatially dense snow-probing dataset collected during a campaign in May 2003. Simulated snow depths agree with measurements during winter 2002/03 at locations with detailed snow-height monitoring, taking into account the high spatial variability of snow depth on the glacier. Moreover, comparison of snow accumulation from model results with detailed probing on 1 May 2003 for the total glacier area shows that Alpine3D is able to capture major patterns of spatial distribution of snow accumulation. For the first time, the Alpine3D approach of using high-resolution wind fields from a meteorological model and a physical description of snow transport could be validated for a very steep glacierized area and for a full accumulation season. The results show that drift is a dominant factor to be considered for detailed glacier mass balances. Another dominant factor not considered in this study may be snow redistribution due to avalanches.
Lack of Association Between STAT4 Gene Polymorphism and Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: PALOMINO-MORALES ROGELIO , VAZQUEZ-RODRIGUEZ TOMAS R. , MORADO INMACULADA C. , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , ORTEGO-CENTENO NORBERTO , MIRANDA-FILLOY JOSE A. , LAMAS JOSE R. , MARTIN JAVIER , GONZALEZ-GAY MIGUEL A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.To investigate the potential implication of the STAT4 gene polymorphism rs7574865 in the predisposition to or the clinical expression of giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.A total of 212 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven GCA were studied. DNA from patients and controls matched by age, sex, and ethnicity was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism.Results.No statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies for the STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism were observed between patients and controls. Although we observed an increased frequency of the T/T genotype in GCA patients (6.0%) compared to healthy controls (3.9%), this difference did not achieve statistical significance (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.72–3.41). No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were observed when patients were stratified according to the presence of typical disease features such as polymyalgia rheumatica, severe ischemic manifestations, and visual ischemic complications in the setting of this vasculitis.Conclusion.Our results do not support a major role of the STAT4 rs7574865 gene polymorphism in susceptibility to or clinical manifestations of GCA.
Direct anti‐Selective Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of α‐Ketoanilides for the Synthesis of γ‐Amino Amides and Azetidine‐2‐amides
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Lu Gang , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMannich 'mal anders: Der Dinickelkomplex einer Biphenyldiamin‐Schiff‐Base katalysiert die anti‐selektive Mannich‐Reaktion von α‐Ketoaniliden (siehe Schema), die als nützliche Synthesebausteine für Azetidin‐2‐amide und α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐aminoamide fungieren. Dieser Ansatz ergänzt konventionelle Mannich‐Reaktionen, die β‐Aminocarbonylverbindungen ergeben. o‐Ns=o‐Nitrobenzolsulfonyl.magnified image
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reactions in Water Using a DNA‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Boersma Arnold J. , Feringa Ben L. , Roelfes Gerard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTaking the plunge: The first example of a Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation with olefins in water is described. By using loadings of a DNA‐based copper catalyst as low as 0.15 mol %, good yields and excellent enantioselectivities were obtained in the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated 2‐acyl imidazoles with heteroaromatic π nucleophiles. dmbpy=4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine.magnified image
Control of microvoids in resol phenolic resin using unsaturated polyester
Authors: Parameswaran P. S. , Bhuvaneswary M. G. , Thachil Eby Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA major drawback of cured phenol formaldehyde resin is the presence of microvoids, resulting from the liberation of condensation byproducts. In an attempt to rectify this, phenolic resol resin was blended with unsaturated polyester (UP). UPs with various maleic anhydride (MA) to phthalic anhydride (PA) ratios were synthesized and later mixed with resol resin in various proportions. The best MA/PA ratio was found out by determining the specific gravity, acetone‐soluble matter, and volatile content of the cast blend, cured under a satisfactory time–temperature schedule. The influence of acid value of the UP and the most desirable UP content were also investigated on the basis of the quality of the modified phenolic samples. The structural changes in the modified resin were studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the fractured surfaces were obtained to ascertain the extent of microvoids in the modified resin. Both thermogravimetric analysis results and SEM micrographs confirm the effectiveness of UP in reducing the microvoids in the cast resol resin. The tensile and impact strengths of the samples also reflect the superior quality of the resol phenolic resins that have been modified by UP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Controlling the release of active iron and manganese ions from styrene‐butadiene rubber‐binding matrix containing chloride salts of them
Authors: Helaly F. M. , Nashar D. El , Khalaf A. I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSlow release technique is a new trial to control the release of manganese and iron ions from styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) formulations containing manganese and iron chlorides. The SBR compounded was mixed and vulcanized according to the general equipment of rubber. Discs of surface area about 16 cm2 for each one were prepared and subjected to leaching rate test in aqueous media. The release rate of manganese and iron ions was prolonged for up to 5 months. The profile behavior of the release for the two investigated ions are similar, the difference between them is in the amount of release dispersed ions in water. The concentration of active ingredients; manganese and iron chlorides; and environmental water temperature were affected on the amount of release rate. According to the higher solubility of manganese chloride on aqueous media, the release of manganese was greater than iron. The diffusions coefficient of the released manganese and iron ions in aqueous media were 7.9 × 10−7 and 4.9 × 10−7, respectively, according to Higuch's equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polypropylene‐organoclay nanocomposite: Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties
Authors: Shariatpanahi H. , Sarabi F. , Mirali M. , Hemmati M. , Mahdavi F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites containing 2, 4, and 6 wt % of an organophilic montmorillonite clay was prepared via direct melt mixing in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) as compatibilizing agent. Microstructure characterization was performed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Nanocomposites exhibited a 15 and 22% enhancement in tensile modulus and impact strength, respectively. The heat deflection temperature of PP nanocomposites was 36°C greater than for pure PP. Thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were compared to properties of traditional PP‐talc and PP‐glass fiber composites. The results showed that the properties of nanocomposites improved compared to ordinary polypropylene composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Quantitative inference of cellular parameters from microfluidic cell culture systems
Authors: Mehta Khamir , Mehta Geeta , Takayama Shuichi , Linderman Jennifer 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrofluidic cell culture systems offer a convenient way to measure cell biophysical parameters in conditions close to the physiological environment. We demonstrate the application of a mathematical model describing the spatial distribution of nutrient and growth factor concentrations in inferring cellular oxygen uptake rates from experimental measurements. We use experimental measurements of oxygen concentrations in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microreactor culturing human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) to infer quantitative information on cellular oxygen uptake rates. We use a novel microchannel design to avoid the parameter correlation problem associated with simultaneous cellular uptake and diffusion of oxygen through the PDMS surface. We find that the cellular uptake of oxygen is dependent on the cell density and can be modeled using a logistic term in the Michaelis–Menten equation. Our results are significant not only for the development of novel assays to quantitatively infer cell response to stimuli, but also for the development, design, and optimization of novel in vitro systems for drug discovery and tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 966–974. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rational design of novel red‐shifted BRET pairs: Platforms for real‐time single‐chain protease biosensors
Authors: Gammon Seth T. , Villalobos Victor M. , Roshal Mikhail , Samrakandi Mustapha , Piwnica‐Worms David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) systems to date have been dominated by use of blue‐green Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as the energy donor. Although effective in many cases, the expense and unfavorable biochemical attributes of the substrate (phenylcoelenterazine) limit utility of Rluc‐based BRET systems. Herein we report a series of novel BRET pairs based on luciferases that utilize D‐luciferin, resulting in red‐shifted photonic outputs, favorable biochemical attributes, and increased efficacy. We developed a modified Förster equation to predict optimal BRET luciferase donor‐fluorophore pairs and identified tdTomato as the optimal red fluorophore acceptor for click beetle green luciferase (CBG). A prototypical single‐chain protease biosensor, capable of reporting on executioner caspase activity in live cells and in real‐time, was generated by inserting a DEVD linker between CBG and tdTomato and validated in vitro with recombinant caspases and in cellulo with apoptosis‐sensitive and ‐resistant cell lines. High signal‐to‐noise ratios (∼33) and Z′ factors (0.85) were observed in live cell longitudinal studies, sufficient for high‐throughput screening. Thus, we illustrate a general methodology for the rational design of new BRET systems and provide a novel single‐chain BRET protease biosensor that is long lived, red‐shifted, and utilizes D‐luciferin. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Serum lipid profile paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in psoriasis
Authors: Toker Aysun , Kadı Melek , Yıldırım A. Kadir , Aksoy Hulya , Akçay Fatih 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease with unknown etiology that has been associated with abnormal plasma lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. There are controversial results in the previous studies investigating oxidant/antioxidant systems in psoriasis.The aim of this work was to evaluate dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity and serum paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities in psoriasis, and to look for a correlation between these parameters and lesion percentage in psoriasis.Thirty psoriatic patients and twenty three sex‐ and agematched healthy volunteers were included in the study. From blood samples, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAO), serum PON1 and ARE activities were determined.No significant differences between the patients and controls were found in terms of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, VLDL‐cholesterol, MDA and TAO levels. Serum PON1 and sodium‐stimulated PON1 activities (p < 0.05) and ARE activity (p < 0.01) were found significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. There was not any significant correlation between lesion percentage and the parameters studied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New directions for dual enrollment: Creating stronger pathways from high school through college
Authors: Hoffman Nancy , Vargas Joel , Santos Janet 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis chapter provides a national picture of innovative learning options, such as dual enrollment and early college high schools. These options prepare high school students for college‐level course work by providing supported early immersion in college. The chapter also discusses how such programs can help a wide range of students and highlights the importance of state policy in encouraging these efforts to create stronger connections among high schools, post‐secondary institutions, and the workforce.