bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miscibility enhancement through hydrogen bonding interaction of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) blending with poly(styrene‐co‐vinyl phenol) copolymer
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Chen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry, one‐ and two‐dimensional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been used to investigate the miscibility of and specific interactions between poly(styrene‐co‐vinyl phenol) (PSOH) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) upon varying the vinyl phenol content of the PSOH copolymer. The FTIR and solid state NMR spectra revealed that the phenol units of PVPh interact with the carbonyl groups of PHB through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A miscibility window exists when the vinyl phenol fraction in the copolymer is greater than 22 mol % in the PSOH/PHB blend system, as predicted using the Painter–Coleman association model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Surface modification of MWNTs with BA‐MMA‐GMA terpolymer by single‐step grafting technique
Authors: Xia Ru , Li Minghua , Zhang Yuchuan , Qian Jiasheng , Yuan Xiaoyou 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, a facile strategy was developed to prepare BA‐MMA‐GMA/MWNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) hybrid nanoparticles as nanofillers in rubber by single‐step grafting technique. First, a new macromolecular surface modifier butyl acrylate (BA)‐α‐methyl methacrylate(MMA)‐glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) terpolymer was synthesized via radical copolymerization. Afterward, this terpolymer modifier was covalently grafted onto the surface of crude MWNTs by single‐step grafting technique. The structure, surface properties, and thermal stability of modified MWNTs were systematically investigated by FTIR, TGA, and TEM. FTIR results showed that BA‐MMA‐GMA terpolymer was successfully grafted onto the surface of MWNTs. TGA indicated that the optimum mass fraction of macromolecular modifier coated on the surface of MWNTs was 9 wt %. TEM images revealed that an organic coating layer was formed and the modified MWNTs showed good dispersibility in acetone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
PET/PC blends: Effect of chain extender and impact strength modifier on their structure and properties
Authors: Pesetskii S. S. , Jurkowski B. , Filimonov O. V. , Koval V. N. , Golubovich V. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMethylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) affects the morphology, rheological, mechanical, and relaxation properties, as well as tendency to crystallize of PET in PET/PC/(PP/EPDM) ternary blends produced by the reactive extrusion. Irrespective of the blend phase structure, the introduction of MDI increases the melt viscosity (MFI dropped), resulting from an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer chains; the PET crystallinity was also reduced. MDI favors compatibility of PET with PC in PET/PC/(PP/EPDM) blends. This is explained by intensified interphase interactions on the level of segments of macromolecules as well as monomer units. The presence of MDI causes a substantial rise in the dynamic shear modulus within the high‐elastic region of PET (for temperature range between Tg,PET and that of PET cold crystallization); the processes of PET cold crystallization and melt crystallization become retarded; the glass‐transition temperatures for PET and PC become closer to each other. MDI affects insignificantly the blend morphology or the character of interactions between the disperse PP/EPDM blend and PET/PC as a matrix. PP/EPDM reduces the intensity of interphase interactions in a PET/PC/(PP/EPDM), but a rise in the degree of material heterogeneity. MDI does not change the mechanism of impact break‐down in the ternary blends mentioned above. Increased impact strength of MDI‐modified materials can be explained by higher cohesive strength and resistance to shear flow at impact loading. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electropolymerization kinetics of a binary mixture of o‐phenylenediamine and 2‐aminobenzothiazole and characterization of the obtained polymer films
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , Abd El‐Rehim S. S. , Kamal S. M. , El‐Deeb M. M. , Azooz R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoly(o‐phenylenediamine‐co‐2‐aminobenzothiazole), P(oPD‐co‐2ABT), has been synthesized electrochemically from an aqueous acid medium. The initial rate of electrocopolymerization reaction on platinum electrode is small, and the rate law is Rate = KE [Na2SO4]0.48 [HCl]1.09 [M]2.08. The apparent activation energy (Ea) is found to be 57.44 kJ mol−1. The polymer films obtained have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, TGA, scanning electron microscopy, and IR‐spectroscopy. The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization reaction has been discussed. The monomer reactivity ratios (r1 and r2) were calculated using Fineman‐Röss method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of phenolic resin/organized expanded vermiculite nanocomposite and its application in brake pad
Authors: Yu Jianying , He Jia , Ya Chongqing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhenolic resin (PF)/organized expanded vermiculite (OEVMT) nanocomposite was prepared via melt intercalation with EVMT organically treated using benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium. The results of the PF/OEVMT structure characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the PF/OEVMT nanocomposite formed exfoliated and intercalated mixed structure. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal decomposition temperature of the PF/OEVMT nanocomposite (482.6°C) was higher than that of pristine PF (433.9°C) in air atmosphere. The brake pad based on PF/OEVMT nanocomposite were also prepared. The friction and wear tests illustrated that the brake pad based on PF/OEVMT had more stable friction coefficient and lower wear rate than that of the brake pad based on PF. Scanning electron microscopy also showed that the brake pad based on PF/OEVMT nanocomposite has excellent high temperature wear‐resistance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Self‐emulsifying binders for water‐borne coatings—Synthesis and characteristics of maleated alkyd resins
Authors: Heiskanen Nina , Jämsä Saila , Paajanen Leena , Koskimies Salme 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSelf‐emulsifying binders have been prepared by reaction of long oil alkyd resins with maleated derivatives of fatty acids. These binders were dispersed in water without use of external surfactants and free from volatile organic compounds. The binders were evaluated based on their performance properties, including penetration and moisture repellency ability against commercial references. According this study, binders with interesting properties have been prepared. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Fabrication of surfactant‐removed polymer composites with single‐walled carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wen Bin , Gao Lei , Chen Yongming , Yang Mingshu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) composites with a network of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fabricated by using monodispersed PS micospheres. First, PS spheres and surfactant‐dispersed SWNTs were mixed in water, then a hybrid cake was obtained by filtration via a microporous membrane and the SWNTs were filled within the spaces of packed polymer spheres. At this stage, the surfactants for dispersing SWNTs were totally removed from the composites by a thorough washing. Then the composite films with SWNT networks were obtained by compression molding at 160°C. Structure of the composites had been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The present SWNT composites showed a low percolation threshold of electrical conductivities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Prototype of Low Thermal Expansion Materials: Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica/Polymer Composites with Densely Filled Polymer inside Mesopore Space
Authors: Kiba Shosuke , Suzuki Norihiro , Okawauchi Yoshinori , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA prototype of novel low thermal expansion materials using mesoporous silica particles is demonstrated. Mesoporous silica/polymer composites with densely filled polymer inside the mesopore space are fabricated by mechanically mixing both organically modified mesoporous silica and epoxy polymer. The mesopores are easily penetrated by polymers as a result of the capillary force during the mechanical composite processing. Furthermore, we propose a new model of polymer mobility restriction using mesoporous silica with a large pore space. The robust inorganic frameworks covering the polymer effectively restrict the polymer mobility against thermal energy. As a result, the degree of total thermal expansion of the composites is drastically decreased. From the mass‐normalized thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) charts of various composites with different amounts of mesoporous silica particles, it is observed that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values gradually increase with an increase of the polymer amount outside the mesopores. It is proven that the CTE values in the range over the glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) are perfectly proportional to the outside polymer amounts. Importantly, the Y‐intercept of the relation equation obtained by a least‐square method is the CTE value and is almost zero. This means that thermal expansion does not occur if no polymers are outside the mesopores. Through such a quantative discussion, we clarify that only the outside polymer affects the thermal expansion of the composites, that is, the embedded polymers inside the mesopores do not expand at all during the thermal treatment.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Addition of Styrylboronic Acids to 2‐Vinylpyridine Derivatives
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuneyuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTreatment of 2‐vinyl nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatic compounds with styrylboronic acid in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a base results in an addition reaction to afford the corresponding 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenyl heteroarenes. The adjacent nitrogen atom is essential for the promotion of the reaction because the nitrogen accelerates the addition of the styryl cobalt species, generated by transmetalation, onto the vinyl group. The reaction represents a rare example of cobalt catalysis in the reactions of organoboronic acids.
MHD waves in the solar north polar coronal hole
Authors: Devlen E. , Pekünlü E.R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects, hitherto not treated, of the temperature and the number density gradients, both in the parallel and the perpendicular direction to the magnetic field, of O VI ions, on the MHD wave propagation characteristics in the solar North Polar Coronal Hole are investigated. We investigate the magnetosonic wave propagation in a resistive MHD regime where only the thermal conduction is taken into account. Heat conduction across the magnetic field is treated in a non‐classical approach wherein the heat is assumed to be conducted by the plasma waves emitted by ions and absorbed at a distance from the source by other ions. Anisotropic temperature and the number density distributions of O VI ions revealed the chaotic nature of MHD standing wave, especially near the plume/interplume lane borders. Attenuation length scales of the fast mode is shown not to be smoothly varying function of the radial distance from the Sun (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relationship between group sunspot numbers and Wolf sunspot numbers
Authors: Li K.J. , Liang H.F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContinuous wavelet transform and cross‐wavelet transform have been used to investigate the phase periodicity and synchrony of the monthly mean Wolf (Rz) and group (Rg) sunspot numbers during the period of June 1795 to December 1995. The Schwabe cycle is the only one common period in Rg and Rz, but it is not well‐defined in case of cycles 5–7 of Rg and in case of cycles 5 and 6 of Rz. In fact, the Schwabe period is slightly different in Rg and Rz before cycle 12, but from cycle 12 onwards it is almost the same for the two time series. Asynchrony of the two time series is more obviously seen in cycles 5 and 6 than in the following cycles, and usually more obviously seen around the maximum time of a cycle than during the rest of the cycle. Rg is found to fit Rz better in both amplitudes and peak epoch during the minimum time time of a solar cycle than during the maximum time of the cycle, which should be caused by their different definition, and around the maximum time of a cycle, Rg is usually less than Rz. Asynchrony of Rg and Rz should somewhat agree with different sunspot cycle characteristics exhibited by themselves (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical modelling of the vertical structure and dark halo parameters in disc galaxies
Authors: Khoperskov A. , Bizyaev D. , Tiurina N. , Butenko M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe non‐linear dynamics of bending instability and vertical structure of a galactic stellar disc embedded into a spherical halo are studied with N‐body numerical modelling. Development of the bending instability in stellar galactic disc is considered as the main factor that increases the disc thickness. Correlation between the disc vertical scale height and the halo‐to‐disc mass ratio is predicted from the simulations. The method of assessment of the spherical‐to‐disc mass ratio for edge‐on spiral galaxies with a small bulge is considered. Modelling of eight edge‐on galaxies: NGC 891, NGC 4738, NGC 5170, UGC 6080, UGC 7321, UGC 8286, UGC 9422 and UGC 9556 is performed. Parameters of stellar discs, dark haloes and bulges are estimated. The lower limit of the dark‐to‐luminous mass ratio in our galaxies is of the order of one within the limits of their stellar discs. The dark haloes dominate by mass in the galaxies with very thin stellar discs (NGC 5170, UGC 7321 and UGC 8286) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparisons of the environmental dependence of galaxy properties between blue late‐types and red late‐types
Authors: Deng X.F. , Xin Y. , Jiang P. , Wu P. , Luo C.H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing the volume‐limited Main galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6), we investigate the difference of the environmental dependence of galaxy properties between blue late‐types and red late‐types, and find that the galaxy luminosity and concentration index are almost independent of the local density in the two samples. We also note a strong correlation between g – r color and the environment in the red late‐type sample, while this correlation is very weak in the blue late‐type sample (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A self‐consistent treatment of the electromotive force in magnetohydrodynamics for large diffusivities
Authors: Courvoisier A. , Hughes D.W. , Proctor M.R.E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe coupled equations that describe the effect of large‐scale magnetic and velocity fields on forced high‐diffusivity magnetohydrodynamic flows are investigated through an extension of mean field electrodynamics. Our results generalise those of Rädler & Brandenburg (2010), who consider a similar situation but assume that the effect of the Lorentz force on the momentum equation can be neglected. New mean coupling terms are shown to appear, which can lead to large‐scale growth of magnetic and velocity fields even when the usual a‐effects are absent (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Big Bear Solar Observatory CaIIK‐line index for solar cycle 23
Authors: Naqvi M.F. , Marquette W.H. , Tritschler A. , Denker C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present an analysis of 2634 CaIIK‐line full‐disk filtergrams obtained with the 15‐cm aperture photometric full‐disk telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory during the period from 1996 January 1 to 2005 October 24. Using limb darkening corrected and contrast enhanced filtergrams, solar activity indices were derived, which are sensitive to the 11‐year solar activity cycle and 27‐day rotational period of plages around active regions and the bright chromospheric network. The present work extends an earlier study (solar cycle 22), which was based on video data. The current digital data are of much improved quality with higher spatial resolution and a narrower passband ameliorating photometric accuracy. The time series of chromospheric activity indices cover most of solar cycle 23. One of the most conspicuous features of the CaIIK indices is the secondary maximum in late 2001/early 2002 after an initial decline of chromospheric activity during the first half of 2001. We conclude that a secular trend exists in the CaIIK indices, which has its origin in the bright chromospheric network and brightenings related to decaying active regions. Superposed on this secular trend are the signatures of recurring, long‐lived active regions, which are clusters of persistent and continuously emerging magnetic flux. Such features are less visible, when the activity belts on both side of the equator are devoid of the brightenings related to decaying active regions as was the case in October/November 2003 at a time when a superactivity complex including several naked‐eye sunspots emerged (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conformation dependence of the CαDα stretch mode in peptides: Side‐chain influence in dipeptide structures
Authors: Mirkin Noemi G. , Krimm Samuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have shown by theoretical studies of alanine peptides that the CαDα stretch frequency could be particularly useful for determining peptide structure because of its sensitivity to the φ,ψ torsion angles at the Cα atom. To demonstrate that this is a robust methodology worthy of experimental exploration, we have also shown that this mode is even more determinative of conformation in aqueous solution, mainly as a result of the development of differential CαDα···O(water) interactions. As further assurance, we now determine the influence of the side chain on this band, showing for aliphatic, a polar, and an aromatic side chains that the dependence is minor and explaining why this is also expected for other side chains. These results should stimulate new experimental methodologies in the field of peptide structure determination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 1065–1071, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Laparoscopic gastric surgery in an enhanced recovery programme
Authors: Grantcharov T P , Kehlet H 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopy is associated with less pain and organ dysfunction than open surgery. Improved perioperative care (enhanced recovery programmes, fast-track methodology) has also led to reduced morbidity and a shorter hospital stay. The effects of a combination of laparoscopic resection and accelerated recovery have not been examined previously in the context of gastric surgery.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 32 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric resection combined with an enhanced recovery protocol (early oral intake, no drains or nasogastric tubes, no epidural analgesia, use of a urinary catheter for less than 24 h and planned discharge 72 h after surgery). Outcomes included length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, readmission rate and 30-day mortality.

Results
Operative procedures were elective distal or subtotal gastrectomy (22 patients) and total gastrectomy (10). Median length of hospital stay was 4 (range 2–30) days. There were two major complications: postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation and pulmonary embolism. Two patients required readmission, one for a wound abscess and one for treatment of a urinary tract infection. There were no deaths within 30 days.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive gastrectomy with enhanced postoperative recovery results in a short hospital stay and low morbidity rate.
Retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy is safe and effective
Authors: Schreinemakers J M J , Kiela G J , Valk G D , Vriens M R , Rinkes I H M Borel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to review an experience with retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy (REA). This is the procedure of choice for adrenal tumours at this institution.

Methods
Between 1997 and 2008, 112 REAs were performed in a single university centre. Data were retrieved retrospectively from a prospectively collected database, including information on patient demographics, surgical procedure, complications and hospital stay.

Results
One hundred and twelve REAs were carried out successfully in 105 patients, including seven bilateral adrenalectomies. Thirty-nine patients with unilateral adrenal disease had a phaeochromocytoma, of whom 16 had multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, 21 patients had Cushing's disease and 20 had Conn's disease. Median body mass index was 27 (interquartile range 23–29) kg/m2. The median duration of unilateral operations was 100 (90–130) min with a median blood loss of 5 ml. Median tumour size was 3·1 (2·0–4·4) cm. Conversion from REA to open surgery was needed in two patients. Seven patients experienced postoperative complications (2 major, 5 minor). One patient needed a reoperation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 3 days. A learning curve with a significant decrease in operating time was observed over the years.

Conclusion
REA appears to be a safe and effective surgical technique for adrenal gland tumours up to 6 cm in diameter, with a minimal complication rate.
Development and validation of GC/MS method for determination of pramipexole in rat plasma
Authors: Panchal Jayesh G. , Patel Ravindra V. , Menon Shobhana K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of pramipexole in rat plasma by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is superior to the other reported LC‐MS/MS methods. After being made alkaline with NaOH, plasma samples (0.1 mL) were subjected to liquid–liquid exteraction using methyl‐t‐butyl ether. Analytes were determined using electron impact ionization in a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. GC/MS was performed in the selected ion monitoring mode using target ions atm/z211, 212 and 152 for pramipexole andm/z194 and 165 for caffeine as internal standard. A linear calibration curve was plotted over the range of 20–1000 pg/mL for pramipexole (r2> 0.996). The LLOQ was 20.0 pg/mL, respectively, which offered high sensitivity and selectivity enough for bioanalytical investigation. Inter‐ and intraday precisions ranged from 0.3 to 8.8% and from 0.9 to 11.33%, respectively. The recovery of pramipexole from plasma ranged from 82.4 ± 7.1 to 87.8 ± 5.7%. The method fulfills all standards required for bioanalytical methods and can be successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of pramipexole in rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.