bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the synergistic co-pyrolysis of plastics and rubber waste: thermal behavior and product distributions
Authors: Shao Yan , Xia Yang , Wang Shoukang , Wang Jun , Wang Yuan , Liu Zihao , Lou Fangfang , Lei Jiahui , Huang Qunxing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The huge market demand, large annual yield, wide application, and massive discard of plastics and tires have brought severe environmental issues. It is urgent to find an efficient way to recycle waste plastics and tires as high-value chemicals and energy fuels. Pyrolysis has long been considered a clean and productive technology. However, waste polymers are complex mixtures. The co-pyrolysis of the mixture is difficult but essential for energy and material recovery. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of PE, PS, PVC, and TW using Thermogravimetric analysis, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, and lab scale experiments at 550°C. The results revealed significant synergistic effects between different polymers. The interaction effect was reflected by thermal behavior, product distribution, and product components. There were also differences between lab scale programmed heating pyrolysis and micro-scale fast pyrolysis. The interaction of PE/PVC and PE/TW improved olefin yield due to the synergistic effect. While aromatics formation was promoted by PS/TW and PVC/TW. It can be deduced that PE had a positive effect on chain scission reaction, while PS and PVC induced cyclization and aromatization reactions. The possible reaction pathways were proposed to get a better understanding of co-pyrolysis. Our study provided theoretical guidance for mixed polymer co-pyrolysis and product regulation.
Spatial Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in Breast Cancer Reveals Potential Biomarkers for PD1 Blockade Therapy
Authors: Wang Nan , Song Yan , Hong Weifeng , Mo Hongnan , Song Zhentao , Dai Wenshuang , Wang Lianshui , Zhang Haiyang , Zhang Yuyan , Zhang Qi , Zhang Hui , Zhang Tao , Wang Yuyi , Li Yeyu , Ma Jiafei , Shao Changchao , Yu Min , Qian Haili , Ma Fei , Ding Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Understanding cellular crosstalk in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind disease progression and response to therapies. Recent technological advancements enable spatial single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the TME; however, spatial transcriptomic data at true single-cell resolution are inadequate for dissecting the intricate architecture of the TME in breast and other cancers. The purpose of this study was to apply the latest spatial single-cell transcriptomics technology to dissect the breast cancer TME and identify potential biomarkers of therapeutic responses. We employed the cutting-edge Xenium technology to analyze the TME of various types of breast cancer including luminal-type, HER2+/HR-, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our findings validated the effectiveness of the technology in achieving spatial cell annotation in the TME at the single-cell resolution. Notably, despite the diverse intrinsic features of various breast cancer types, spatial single-cell analysis of the TME revealed a prominent interplay among macrophages and T cells mediated by the CD274/CD80 interaction. This interplay aligns with the observed improvement in clinical responses to PD1 blockade therapies. Additionally, our results revealed that effector T cells, proliferative T cells, and macrophages localize closer to tumor cells in responders compared to non-responders of PD1 blockade therapy. Therefore, the CD274/CD80 ligand-receptor interaction, as well as the spatial localization of specific immune cells, represents potential biomarkers for future development for the advancement of immunotherapies in breast cancer.
The Prevalence of Post Stroke Delirium and associated risk factors a multicenter prospective study in hospitalized patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and Yehulshet Specialty Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Ketema Beruk , Mengistu Getahun , Melka Dereje , Zenebe Yared , Zebenigus Mehila , Leul Feryat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-stroke delirium, a frequent and significant complication of stroke, manifests as a sudden onset of confusion, altered consciousness, and cognitive decline. Various factors contribute to its occurrence, including old age, multiple comorbidity, electrolyte abnormalities, and infections. The impact of post-stroke delirium on stroke recovery is substantial. It leads to prolonged hospital stays, heightened risk of institutionalization, increased dependence, and elevated mortality rates. As a result, early identification and prompt treatment of post-stroke delirium are imperative for optimizing outcomes in stroke patients.
Objective
The objective of this study is to determine the Prevalence of post-stroke delirium and associated risk factors in hospitalized patients at TASH, Y12HMC, and YSC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from August to December 2023 G.c.
Method
We performed a prospective observational cross-sectional study, including all the stroke patients admitted to the respective study areas during the study period from August to December 2023 G.c.
Three-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling of the Flash-Flood Heavy Rainfall Event over Kosovo
Authors: Osmanaj Lavdim , Spiridonov Irena , Jakimovski Boro , Spiridonov Vlado 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the intense flash-flood heavy rainfall event that struck Kosovo on 24 June 2023, unleashing an unprecedented 54 mm of rainfall within an hour. Employing a state-of-the-art three-dimensional non-hydrostatic cloud-resolving model, the research elucidates the atmospheric processes driving extreme precipitation events. Key findings include the formation of high-altitude cumulonimbus clouds, the role of strong updrafts in promoting intense microphysical vertical transfer, and the subsequent formation of wet downbursts. Validation against radar data confirms the model's accuracy in replicating observed precipitation patterns, enhancing confidence in its predictive capabilities. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of extreme weather events and hold promise for improved forecasting and risk mitigation strategies.
Capturing Fear through Eyes to Aid in Restoring Social Functioning for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Machine Learning Research Evidence from the Emotion Face Database
Authors: Li Yafang , Liu Hexin , Feng Hong , Shen Xunbing , Chen Zhencai , Luo Weiqin , Li Na , Tan Shunyan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Fearful facial recognition deficits are common predictors of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism, etc., and are closely related to disease severity. Training in fearful facial recognition has been shown to promote the recovery of social function in patients. The eye region plays a crucial role in recognizing fear, and Asians are more likely to use the eye region to express and recognize facial emotions. The aim of this study was to 1) define eye characteristic indicators that can be used to recognize fearful faces, 2) construct a fear emotion recognition model based on eye features using machine learning, and evaluate the accuracy and performance of these indicators for fearful face recognition to clarify the application value of eye indicators in fearful face recognition.
Methods: In this research, images of fearful and nonfearful expressions from databases such as the Radboud Faces Database (RF), Facial Expression Recognition 2013 dataset (FER2013), Japanese Female Facial Expressions (JAFFE), and Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) were utilized, and 2573 emotional facial images were included (1264 fearful and 1309 nonfearful). OpenFace is employed to extract eye characteristics from facial images. Six algorithms, including the random forest, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, naive Bayes and neural network algorithms, are used for modelling. The ROC curve (AUC), precision, recall, F1 score, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the six machine learning models in fear emotion recognition. The optimal fear emotion recognition model based on eye characteristics is selected based on these evaluations.
Results: Our findings indicate that eye opening degree, inner eye distance, pupil size, eyelid distance, and iris size are important indicators of fearful emotions. The modelling method utilizing eye characteristics based on the random forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy in fear emotion recognition, at 91.58%, with superior model performance.
Conclusions: Eye characteristics serve as important external clues for recognizing fearful emotions. Modelling eye characteristics based on the random forest algorithm can be effectively applied in the field of fear emotion recognition. Facial expression recognition training based on eye opening degree, inner eye distance, pupil size, eyelid distance, and iris size may aid in the recovery of social function in patients with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism, etc.
Role of pharmacists in disaster management: a qualitative study exploring the experience of Saudi pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alfadl Abubakr Abdelraouf , Alkhuwailed Rayan Abdulaziz , Aldekheel Ziyad Dekheel , Alfurayh Ziyad Waleed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Saudi Arabia is prone to different types of public health emergencies, and all health personnel should be ready and prepared to contribute to disaster management. Although pharmacists are essential personnel in disaster management, but their role still have not been well studied in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the role of Saudi pharmacists within each of the public health emergency phases; prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR).
Methods
A qualitative exploratory method was employed where a purposive sampling was used to recruit pharmacists from different areas in Saudi Arabia to participate in semi-structured interviews. A total of 9 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Each interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.
Results
Four major themes: (1) Prevention, (2) Preparedness, (3) Response, (4) Recovery; and 20 sub-themes (five sub-themes in each major theme) were identified. Participants felt that there was a limited role for pharmacists in many aspects, especially those under preparedness and response.
Conclusion
This study highlighted how pharmacists perceive their roles in disaster management. Findings of this study could help policy makers to better understand pharmacists’ perceptions on their readiness and acceptance for wider role in disaster management.
Effective results of experimental herbal remedies in treating life- threatening viral infections in animals
Authors: Feng Jiangnan , Ma zhenghua , Wu Hua , Yi chengsheng , Gao Meiying , zhu Dengbing , Ma Minghai , Cheng Rui , Liu Xia , Feng Xue , Li Xianfu , Yan Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThere is currently no effective treatment for acute viral infections. Marecipe AV therapeutics, a prescription compound of various herbs, has been utilized at our clinic for many years in the treatment of viral infectious diseases and has shown to have a possible therapeutic effect.
METHODS The oral administration of Marecipe AV has been used to treat several naturally infected life-threatening viral infections with high morbidity and mortality in animals. The efficacy was measured by comparing mortality rates between treated and untreated animals.
RESULTS The mortality was 28.57% versus 100% among treated and untreated pigs naturally infected with African swine fever. The mortality was 0% versus 100% for treated and untreated cases when treatment was administered in the early presymptomatic stage.
The mortality was 39.04% versus 100% in treated and untreated ducks naturally infected with Avian influenza, and 0.86% versus 99.83% for treated and untreated ducks when treatment is given in the early presymptomatic stage. For chickens, the mortality was 4.60% versus 85% for treated and untreated, respectively. All surviving ducks and chickens ultimately achieved complete recovery.
For dogs with canine distemper and/or canine parvovirus, the mortality was 10.11% and 82.88% among the treated and untreated. For dogs infected with parvovirus only, the mortality was 0% for treated and 87.5% for untreated. Among dogs simultaneously infected with parvovirus and canine distemper, the mortality was 15.25% and 96.84% for treated and untreated, respectively. All surviving dogs fully recovered.
Conclusions The findings indicate that MarecipeAV can save lives from several deadly viral infections and cure these viral infections. Marecipe AV presents a new effective treatment Opportunity for acute viral infections.
Baseline studies on meiofauna in the Baltic Sea before bottom-trawl fisheries exclusion I. Comparison of communities in the Fehmarn Belt (western Baltic Sea), with special reference to the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda)
Authors: Packmor Jana , George Kai Horst , Schönke Mischa , Arbizu Pedro Martínez 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

As part of the DAM pilot mission “MGF Ostsee”, the meiobenthic communities of a protected area and a reference area in the Fehmarn Belt (Baltic Sea, Germany) were compared, with both study areas currently permitting mobile bottom trawling (MGF). Meiobenthic data were recorded at the major taxon level, with a special focus on the Copepoda Harpacticoida, which was further examined at the species level. This data collection will serve as a baseline for future assessments, after the planned exclusion of MGF in the protected area in 2024 to identify potential impacts of MGF on meiofaunal communities. In assessing the meiobenthic data in relation to trawling impact, a trawling index derived from multibeam data for the Fehmarn Belt was employed, developed in an early stage of the project. Comparison of major taxonomic levels did not reveal significant differences between the protected and reference areas in terms of taxa composition, abundance values or diversity. However, analysis of the Harpacticoida community at the species level showed that the compared areas differ significantly in species composition and abundance but not in diversity. These differences in the distribution of harpacticoid species indicate a small-scale heterogeneity of different (a)biotic factors. The initial correlation analyses between trawling intensity and both the main taxonomic levels and the Harpacticoida community did not reveal statistically significant results, which is attributable to the relatively small number of samples all recovered in an area affected by trawling. Nevertheless, a higher variance in total abundance between replicates was observed with increasing trawling intensity.
De-novo ATR-16 syndrome associated with inherited hemoglobin Evanston causing HbH phenotype: a rare occurrence
Authors: Jajodia Ekta , Menghani Hemant , Arora Neeraj , Jitani Ankit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Abnormality of three α-globin genes, either deletion or point mutation results in symptomatic Hemoglobin H (HbH) phenotype. Most of such cases of α-globin defects are inherited from the parents, de-novo cases are exceedingly rare. Herein, a case of HbH is reported where the proband inherited one α-globin gene with a point mutation (αEvanston) from the mother. This was associated with large de-novo deletion of chromosome 16p13.3 resulting in α-thalassemia and mental retardation (ATR-16) syndrome. This deletion also encompassed two α-globin genes from chromosome 16, eventually leading to --/ααEvanston genotype, explaining the clinical presentation of the proband. The challenges in screening of such cases and confirming the molecular diagnosis along with the mode of inheritance has been discussed.
A Quality by Design strategy for cocrystal design based on novel computational and experimental screening strategies with the aim of rapid scale-up to continuous manufacture via Hot-Melt Extrusion: Part A
Authors: Ross Steven A. , Ward Adam , Basford Patricia , McAllister Mark , Douroumis Dennis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cocrystals provide exciting opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry for the development and manufacture of new medicines. A wide range of potential compounds, that can form cocrystals, necessitates the development of computational cocrystal screening systems to predict and rank the likelihood of cocrystallization between an API/coformer pair. Here we present a strategy for the selection of multicomponent systems involving computational modelling for screening of drug – former pairs based on a combination of molecular complementarity and H-bond propensity screening. In this study, a Quality by Design (QbD) crystal engineering approach is combined with experimental screening methods to produce cocrystals of a novel 5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) inhibitor, PF-04191834 (PF4). Jet dispensing printing technology is co-opted as a mechanism for High-Throughput Screening (HTS) of different stoichiometric ratios.
Systematic review on coping strategies used by palliative care patients in South Asia
Authors: Ali Hina , Fearon David , Jabeen Ismat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The number of people with life-limiting illnesses seems to be increasing in South Asia’s fast-growing population. The diagnosis of a life-limiting condition is often associated with psychosocial stressors, including changes in social relations, financial constraints, limited physical functioning and anxiety about the future and death. Some of the coping strategies that patients employ to address these stressors include support from family members, increased religiosity, and acceptance of their condition.
Aim
To explore how palliative care patients in South Asia cope with the various psychosocial stressors experienced during their ailment.
Design and setting
This is a systematic review of qualitative studies identifying and exploring coping among palliative care patients within community settings in South Asia.
Method
Searches of four electronic databases from inception to May 2022 were carried out. The extracted data included participant demographics, study characteristics and coping strategies employed. Thematic synthesis was performed. This qualitative systematic review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles.
Results
Six studies were included in the systematic review. The results showed that palliative care patients often experience loss of independence, financial worries and feelings of loneliness during their illness. The main coping strategies employed included social support from family, faith, and acceptance of their condition.
Conclusion
This systematic review provides a better understanding of various stressors and coping strategies in the context of palliative care in South Asia. This highlights the need for further research to be carried out in this area to better understand patients’ experiences and help develop policies and guidelines. The patient's family and their continuous support are identified as the predominant coping strategies in the context of South Asia. Family members seem to play a vital role in the provision of community or home-based palliative care. They not only provide personal, emotional but also monetary support needed in the terminal phase of life-limiting illness.
Effect of high pressure processing on color, texture and volatile compounds during sardine refrigeration
Authors: Ismaiel Lama , Nartea Ancuta , Fanesi Benedetta , Lucci Paolo , Pacetti Deborah , Jaeger Henry , Schottroff Felix 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Extending sardine shelf life while maintaining their quality is challenging even with non-thermal technologies like high-pressure processing (HPP). This study investigates the effects of HPP at 400 and 600 MPa for varying holding times (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 minutes) on fresh sardines to extend their shelf life. Physicochemical attributes were assessed over 14 days of cold storage, analyzing texture, color, and volatile organic profiles. Increasing both pressure and holding times resulted in increased levels of hardness, chewiness, and lightness during storage. Aldehyde and ketone levels were impacted by both storage and HPP treatments (i.e., pressure and holding time), with treated samples showing lower ketone levels compared to untreated ones on day 14. Control samples displayed exclusively oxidation volatile markers (hexanal and 2,4-hexadienal) by the end of the storage period. These findings indicate the potential of HPP in prolonging shelf life and preserving quality in the sardine market. This study showed that high-pressure processing for fresh sardines has a high potential application in the future market even for cold storage periods longer than 14 days.
Integrated transcriptomic analysis reveals evolutionary and developmental characteristics of tendon ossification in teleost
Authors: Wang Xu-Dong , Shi Fei-Long , Zhou Jia-Jia , Xiao Zheng-Yu , Tu Tan , Xiong Xue-Mei , Nie Chun-Hong , Wan Shi-Ming , Gao Ze-Xia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Intermuscular bones (IBs) are segmental ossifications in the myosepta and generally are similar with tendon ossification which is a type of heterotopic ossification (HO). Nevertheless, mechanism of IB formation is not well understood.
Results
In order to address this issue, we systematically analyze transcriptome data across multiple tissues, multiple species, multiple time points and multiple resolutions in teleost. First of all, we identify IB-specific genes by tau index method. Through cross-species comparison of tendon development process, we discover that candidate genes primarily are enriched in extracellular matrix organization, ossification, regulation of angiogenesis, et al. We also reveal that some of above candidate genes were abnormally expressed in runx2b−/− zebrafish without IBs. With the hope of clarifying the trajectory of cell differentiation during IB formation, we show that myostptal stem cell differentiates into osteoblast, fibroblast and tenocyte in runx2b+/+ zebrafish. However, the differentiation process of myostptal stem cell into osteoblast is inhibited in runx2b−/− zebrafish, while the differentiation process of myostptal stem cell into clec3bb + tenocyte and fibroblast is enhanced. Meanwhile, runx2b deficiency led to the upregulation of clec3bb expression in clec3bb + tenocyte cluster. Notably, there was a compensatory effect observed in cell differentiation and gene expression in runx2b−/− zebrafish, which suggests that runx2b and these candidate genes (such as clec3bb) are involved in the gene network of IB development.
Conclusions
This study elucidated the cell development process of tendon ossification in teleost, and identified key factor clec3bb involved in tendon ossification. These findings provide a foundation for understanding tendon ossification in teleost and further research on tendon ossification in mammals.