bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of human brain mapping tools: Neuronavigated TMS Parameters and fMRI activity in the hand motor area
Authors: Sarfeld Anna‐Sophia , Diekhoff Svenja , Wang Ling E. , Liuzzi Gianpiero , Uludağ Kamil , Eickhoff Simon B. , Fink Gereon R. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are well‐established tools for investigating the human motor system in‐vivo. We here studied the relationship between movement‐related fMRI signal changes in the primary motor cortex (M1) and electrophysiological properties of the hand motor area assessed with neuronavigated TMS in 17 healthy subjects. The voxel showing the highest task‐related BOLD response in the left hand motor area during right hand movements was identified for each individual subject. This fMRI peak voxel in M1 served as spatial target for coil positioning during neuronavigated TMS. We performed correlation analyses between TMS parameters, BOLD signal estimates and effective connectivity parameters of M1 assessed with dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results showed a negative correlation between the movement‐related BOLD signal in left M1 and resting as well as active motor threshold (MT) obtained for left M1. The DCM analysis revealed that higher excitability of left M1 was associated with a stronger coupling between left supplementary motor area (SMA) and M1. Furthermore, BOLD activity in left M1 correlated with ipsilateral silent period (ISP), i.e. the stronger the task‐related BOLD response in left M1, the higher interhemispheric inhibition effects targeting right M1. DCM analyses revealed a positive correlation between the coupling of left SMA with left M1 and the duration of ISP. The data show that TMS parameters assessed for the hand area of M1 do not only reflect the intrinsic properties at the stimulation site but also interactions with remote areas in the human motor system. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contextual interaction between novelty and reward processing within the mesolimbic system
Authors: Bunzeck Nico , Doeller Christian F. , Dolan Ray J. , Duzel Emrah 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMedial temporal lobe (MTL) dependent long‐term memory for novel events is modulated by a circuitry that also responds to reward and includes the ventral striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). This common neural network may reflect a functional link between novelty and reward whereby novelty motivates exploration in the search for rewards; a link also termed novelty “exploration bonus.” We used fMRI in a scene encoding paradigm to investigate the interaction between novelty and reward with a focus on neural signals akin to an exploration bonus. As expected, reward related long‐term memory for the scenes (after 24 hours) strongly correlated with activity of MTL, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). Furthermore, the hippocampus showed a main effect of novelty, the striatum showed a main effect of reward, and the mOFC signalled both novelty and reward. An interaction between novelty and reward akin to an exploration bonus was found in the hippocampus. These data suggest that MTL novelty signals are interpreted in terms of their reward‐predicting properties in the mOFC, which biases striatal reward responses. The striatum together with the SN/VTA then regulates MTL‐dependent long‐term memory formation and contextual exploration bonus signals in the hippocampus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Central (ICV) leptin injection increases bone formation, bone mineral density, muscle mass, serum IGF-1, and the expression of osteogenic genes in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice
Authors: Bartell Shoshana M , Rayalam Srujana , Ambati Suresh , Gaddam Dhanunjaya R , Hartzell Diane L , Hamrick Mark , She Jin-Xiong , Della-Fera Mary Anne , Baile Clifton A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Both central and peripheral leptin administrations reduce body weight, food intake, and adiposity in ob/ob mice. In this study we compared effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration of leptin on bone metabolism in the appendicular and axial skeleton and adipose tissue gene expression and determined the effects of ICV leptin on bone marrow gene expression in ob/ob mice. In experiment 1, leptin (1.5 or 0.38 µg/d) or control was continuously injected ICV for 12 days. Gene expression analysis of femoral bone marrow stromal cells showed that expression of genes associated with osteogenesis was increased after ICV injection, whereas those associated with osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and adipocyte lipid storage were decreased. In experiment 2, leptin was injected continuously ICV (0.0 or 1.5 µg/d) or SC (0.0 or 10 µg/d) for 12 days. In both experiments, regardless of mode of administration, leptin decreased body weight, food intake, and body fat and increased muscle mass, bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone area, marrow adipocyte number, and mineral apposition rate. Serum insulin was decreased, whereas serum osteocalcin, insulin-like growth factor 1, osteoprotegerin, pyridinoline, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand concentrations were increased. In experiment 2, expression of genes in adipose tissue associated with apoptosis, lipid mobilization, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis was increased, whereas expression of genes associated with cell differentiation and maturation was decreased regardless of mode of administration. Thus ICV injection of leptin promotes expression of pro-osteogenic factors in bone marrow, leading to enhanced bone formation in ob/ob mice. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: An estimation of peak bone mass
Authors: Baxter-Jones Adam DG , Faulkner Robert A , Forwood Mark R , Mirwald Robert L , Bailey Donald A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Bone area (BA) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured from childhood to young adulthood at the total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN). BA and BMC values were expressed as a percentage of young-adult values to determine if and when values reached a plateau. Data were aligned on biological ages [years from peak height velocity (PHV)] to control for maturity. TB BA increased significantly from −4 to +4 years from PHV, with TB BMC reaching a plateau, on average, 2 years later at +6 years from PHV (equates to 18 and 20 years of age in girls and boys, respectively). LS BA increased significantly from −4 years from PHV to +3 years from PHV, whereas LS BMC increased until +4 from PHV. FN BA increased between −4 and +1 years from PHV, with FN BMC reaching a plateau, on average, 1 year later at +2 years from PHV. In the circumpubertal years (−2 to +2 years from PHV): 39% of the young-adult BMC was accrued at the TB in both males and females; 43% and 46% was accrued in males and females at the LS and TH, respectively; 33% (males and females) was accrued at the FN. In summary, we provide strong evidence that BA plateaus 1 to 2 years earlier than BMC. Depending on the skeletal site, peak bone mass occurs by the end of the second or early in the third decade of life. The data substantiate the importance of the circumpubertal years for accruing bone mineral. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic appearances of nonsubungual soft‐tissue glomus tumors
Authors: Park Hee‐Jin , Jeon Yong Hwan , Kim Sam Soo , Lee Sung‐Moon , Kim Wan‐Tae , Park Noh‐Hyuck , Park Sung‐Il , Hong Hyun‐Pyo , Rho Myung‐Ho 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground.To evaluate the sonographic findings of soft‐tissue nonsubungual glomus tumors.Methods.The sonographic appearances of nine histologically proven soft‐tissue glomus tumors of nonsubungual location in nine patients (mean age, 49 years; M:F = 7:2) were reviewed retrospectively. Doppler examination and surgical excision were performed in all cases.Results.The mean size of the lesions was 1 cm. The margins of the lesions were relatively well‐circumscribed in eight of nine patients (89%) with an ovoid shape in seven of nine patients (78%). The vascularity was moderate to rich in all cases, with an arterial flow pattern but no arteriovenous shunt patterns. The “vascular stalk sign” was noted in six cases (67%).Conclusions.Nonsubungual glomus tumors are rare soft‐tissue tumors with abundant vascularity and arterial flow pattern. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
New conditions for synthesis of (±)‐2‐monosubstituted and (±)‐2,2‐disubstituted 2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones from 2‐nitro‐ and 2‐aminobenzamide
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Nammalwar Baskar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of (±)‐2‐monosubstituted and (±)‐2,2‐disubstituted 2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones has been developed using a dissolving metal reduction‐condensative cyclization strategy. Treatment of 2‐nitrobenzamide and an aldehyde or ketone with iron powder in refluxing acetic acid affords high yields of the title compounds. More complex ring systems are available by incorporating additional reactive functionality γ to the carbonyl of the aldehyde or ketone substrate. The scope and limitations of the process along with optimized procedural details are presented. The same target molecules are also accessible by reaction of 2‐aminobenzamide with aldehydes and ketones in refluxing acetic acid. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Eastward shift of the Pacific/North American pattern on an interdecadal time scale and an associated synoptic eddy feedback
Authors: Lee Yun‐Young , Kug Jong‐Seong , Lim Gyu‐Ho , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the interdecadal changes in the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern during the winter season (November–February) that accompanies the global‐scale climate shift in the late 1970s. In the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, the PNA pattern shows three distinctive features during the period of 1983–2002 in contrast with that of the previous decades (1959–1977): the extension of the central North Pacific cell into the Gulf of Alaska, the eastward shift of the action centre of the Canadian cell, and weakening of the North America cell. Pacific/North American structural changes are closely related to the southeastward shift of the storm track that causes the vigorous synoptic eddy feedback region to move farther east. Eddy activity feeds the cyclonic flow at the eastern part of conventional central North Pacific cell, following the pattern change of storm track. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of the West Spitsbergen Current on the local climate
Authors: Walczowski Waldemar , Piechura Jan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOceanographic observations of the Nordic Seas show significant interannual variability of the inflowing Atlantic Water properties and currents structure. Variations of the oceanic heat advected northward with the Atlantic Water influence climate. The aim of the study was examination, how changes of the West Spitsbergen Current properties and pathways influence the local climate conditions in the Fram Strait region. Results from observations carried in the Nordic Seas by the Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences in summers 2000–2007 were compared with time series of air temperature in Spitsbergen and sea ice conditions north of Spitsbergen. We conclude that the heat advected with the West Spitsbergen Current shapes local conditions mostly during the winter. The highest correlations occur between the temperature of Atlantic Water and air temperature as well as the sea ice cover in the following winter. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Home range, habitat use, and activity patterns of free‐roaming domestic cats
Authors: Horn Jeff A. , Mateus‐Pinilla Nohra , Warner Richard E. , Heske Edward J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe used radio‐telemetry and collar‐mounted activity sensors to compare home range size, habitat use, and activity patterns of owned and unowned free‐roaming cats on the outskirts of Champaign‐Urbana, Illinois, USA. Owned cats (3 M, 8 F) had smaller home ranges than unowned cats (6 M, 10 F), but we failed to detect consistent differences in home range size between the sexes or among seasons. Home ranges of unowned cats included more grassland and urban area than predicted based on availability in all seasons, and farmsteads were selected in fall and winter. Within home ranges, unowned cats shifted their use of habitats among seasons in ways that likely reflected prey availability, predation risk, and environmental stress, whereas habitat use within home ranges by owned cats did not differ from random. Unowned cats were more nocturnal and showed higher overall levels of activity than owned cats. Space use and behavioral differences between owned and unowned cats supported the hypothesis that the care a cat owner provides influences the impact a cat has on its environment, information that is important for making decisions on controlling cat populations. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Comparing detection dog and livetrapping surveys for a cryptic rodent
Authors: Duggan Jennifer M. , Heske Edward J. , Schooley Robert L. , Hurt Aimee , Whitelaw Alice 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe compared the effectiveness and cost of distribution surveys using livetrapping to those using detection dog‐handler teams for a cryptic rodent (Franklin's ground squirrel [Poliocitellus franklinii]). We livetrapped at 62 sites in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Wisconsin for Franklin's ground squirrels in 2007–2009 and surveyed 40 of those sites using detection dogs in 2009. Independent surveys of a site by 2 dog‐handler teams took <1 hr and yielded detection rates comparable to 2 daily livetrapping surveys (detection rate = 83–84%). However, false presences are a potential problem when detection dogs are trained to scent of a species that leaves little visual sign to confirm its presence. Surveys by 2 dog‐handler teams cost >2 daily livetrapping surveys conducted by 2 technicians but more and larger sites can be surveyed by dog‐handler teams in a shorter time. For surveys covering large spatial scales or when time is a limiting factor, number of false presences, and study costs can be reduced by employing a 2‐stage survey protocol in which livetrapping is conducted only at sites where detection dog surveys indicate presence. We conclude a 2‐stage strategy could be used effectively in large‐scale surveys for a variety of rare and cryptic species. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The different kinetic and mechanistic behaviors of molybdenum and tungsten in the reduction of tris(benzene‐1,2‐dithiolato)Mo(VI) and W(VI) complexes by ascorbic acid in aqueous media
Authors: Pérez‐Pla Francisco , Llopis Elisa , Piles María 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mono‐electronic reduction of tris(benzene‐1,2‐dithiolato)Mo(VI) and W(VI) complexes (ML3: M = Mo, W; L = S2C6H2−4, S2C6H3CH2−3) to their anionic forms ML−3 by L(+)‐ascorbic acid (H2A) has been studied in tetrahydrofurane (THF):water and THF:methanol by means of diode‐array, stopped‐flow, and mass spectrometry–electrospray ionization (MS‐ESI) spectroscopy. The kinetic study in methanol demonstrates that the reaction is first order in each reactant, the electron transfer being rate limiting. This fact was assessed by the absence of a primary saline effect and by the correlation observed between the activation free enthalpy (ΔG≠) and the reduction potentials measured by cyclic voltamperometry. In aqueous media, Mo(VI)‐tris(dithiolenes) also reduce to their Mo(V) anionic forms. The reaction obeys the rate law − d[ML3]/dt = (kS+kA[H2A]T)[ML3] (M = Mo), in agreement with a parallel kinetic scheme involving the reduction of complexes by ascorbic acid (kA) and by interaction with the solvent (kS). Unexpectedly, the W(VI) complexes were not reduced by excess hydrogen ascorbate in the presence of water. These compounds underwent an extremely rapid autoreduction, which initially yielded an oxo W(VI)‐dithiolene and [W(S2C6H4)3]−, as assessed by the MS‐ESI spectra. This observation suggests that tungsten tris(dithiolenes) are capable of coordinating water efficiently, undergoing further reduction after ligand displacement. © 2011 Wiley Peiodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 279–291, 2011
A Novel Photopolymerization Initiating System Based on an Iridium Complex Photocatalyst
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Blanchard Nicolas , Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Peter Mathieu , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe use of a photocatalyst (tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3]) being able to generate both radicals and cations to initiate free radical polymerization and ring opening polymerization is presented. Remarkably, under soft irradiations (fluorescence bulb, sunlight), excellent cationic polymerization profiles and final conversions are obtained. The involved mechanisms are investigated by ESR experiments. magnified image
Clinical and urodynamic effect of methylphenidate for the treatment of giggle incontinence (enuresis risoria)
Authors: Chang Joo‐Hyun , Lee Kwang‐Yeom , Kim Tae‐Beom , Yoon Sang‐Jin , Lee Tack , Kim Khae‐Hawn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAimsWe retrospectively investigated the efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) in giggle incontinence (GI), and the relationship between GI and urodynamic parameters.MethodsNine (n = 9) female GI patients underwent 1 year of treatment with 5 mg MPH. Three questionnaires, voiding diaries, and UDS were conducted before and after treatment. The severity of GI was classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Clinical success was characterized as: full response, response, partial response, and non‐response.ResultsThe mean age of all patients was 16.2 ± 2.3 years. Five patients had mild, one had moderate, and three had severe grade incontinent. All patients reported complete cessation of wetting after MPH treatment. The mean duration of asymptomatic period was 7 ± 3.2 months. There were no statistically significant score changes in all three questionnaires: Urgency Perception Scale (UPS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and Primary Overactive Symptom Questionnaire (POSQ), and voiding diaries (P > 0.05). In UDS, there were no statistically significant altered parameters, except maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and maximum urethral pressure (MUP). After treatment, the mean MUCP was increased from 52.2 ± 6.8 to 73.0 ± 5.4 cmH2O (P < 0.05), and the mean MUP was increased from 48.6 ± 7.3 to 70.2 ± 5.0 cmH2O (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMPH can be a viable option for the primary treatment of GI, and it may be related to increasing urethral closure pressure. It was not possible to establish if a relationship between GI and detrusor overactivity exists. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1338–1342, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nephrin expression in adult rodent central nervous system and its interaction with glutamate receptors
Authors: Li Min , Armelloni Silvia , Ikehata Masami , Corbelli Alessandro , Pesaresi Marzia , Calvaresi Novella , Giardino Laura , Mattinzoli Deborah , Nisticò Francesca , Andreoni Serena , Puliti Aldamaria , Ravazzolo Roberto , Forloni Gianluigi , Messa Piergiorgio , Rastaldi Maria Pia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNephrin is an immunoglobulin‐like adhesion molecule first discovered as a major component of the podocyte slit diaphragm, where its integrity is essential to the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Outside the kidney, nephrin has been shown in other restricted locations, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS) of embryonic and newborn rodents. With the aim of better characterizing nephrin expression and its role in the CNS of adult rodents, we studied its expression pattern and possible binding partners in CNS tissues and cultured neuronal cells and compared these data to those obtained in control renal tissues and podocyte cell cultures. Our results show that, besides a number of locations already found in embryos and newborns, endogenous nephrin in adult rodent CNS extends to the pons and corpus callosum and is expressed by granule cells and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, with a characteristic alternating expression pattern. In primary neuronal cells we find nephrin expression close to synaptic proteins and demonstrate that nephrin co‐immunoprecipitates with Fyn kinase, glutamate receptors and the scaffolding molecule PSD95, an assembly that is reminiscent of those made by synaptic adhesion molecules. This role seems to be confirmed by our findings of impaired maturation and reduced glutamate exocytosis occurring in Neuro2A cells upon nephrin silencing. Of note, we disclose that the very same nephrin interactions occur in renal glomeruli and cultured podocytes, supporting our hypothesis that podocytes organize and use similar molecular intercellular signalling modules to those used by neuronal cells. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL): The impact of medical and demographic variables upon pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Brice Lisa , Weiss Rebecca , Wei Ying , Satwani Prakash , Bhatia Monica , George Diane , Garvin James , Morris Erin , Harrison Lauren , Cairo Mitchell S. , Sands Stephen A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe trajectory of Heath‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in pediatric recipients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as the demographic and medical factors that predict HRQoL, has lagged behind the adult research.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study of HRQoL in pediatric HSCT recipients was conducted with 95 patients at the Columbia University Medical Center between 2002 and 2009. Both children and parents completed the PedsQL 4.0 prior to HSCT and at days 100, 180, and 365‐post‐HSCT.ResultsThe majority of patients and their parents reported linear improvements in HRQoL in the first year post‐transplant; however, a portion of patients were in the at‐risk group at each time point. Latent growth modeling was utilized to examine demographic and medical factors that predicted initial HRQoL and its trajectory. Older age at transplant significant predicted lowered HRQoL at baseline for self‐ and parent‐report. Female gender significantly impacted lowered self‐reported physical HRQoL over time. Ethnicity was a significant predictor of HRQoL at baseline and over time for self‐ and parent‐report, with African‐American children reporting the highest HRQoL; whereas, the worst decline in psychosocial HRQoL was often reported by parents and children of Asian descent.ConclusionThis research identifies the significant impact of ethnicity upon HRQoL following pediatric HSCT. It is likely that an individual's pre‐morbid experiences and expectations, particularly with regard to culture, behaviors, and values, influence the parent and child's perceptions and expectations of the HSCT process. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1179–1185. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.