bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Loïc Wacquant's Urban Outcasts
Authors: PATTILLO MARY 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLoïc Wacquant's Urban Outcasts compares poor and working‐class neighborhoods in Chicago and Paris, and concludes that American racism has combined with advanced capitalism to create hyperghettos, whereas Parisian banlieues are heterogeneous anti‐ghettos that are nonetheless destabilized by labor market and political forces that render low‐skilled workers simultaneously superfluous and without a state safety net. This review revisits Chicago in the 2000s and argues that Wacquant both overstates the collective revulsion directed at disadvantaged neighborhoods and understates contemporary processes of erasure. It also suggests that using Chicago's marginalized neighborhoods as archetypes masks the diversity of race and class settlements in the US. This review agrees with the importance of uncovering the role of the state in shaping cities, and ultimately highlights areas of convergence and divergence in US and French housing policy as it relates to urban public and social housing.RésuméUrban Outcasts (Parias urbains) de Loïc Wacquant compare les quartiers déshérités et ouvriers de Chicago et de Paris, concluant que le racisme américain s'est conjugué au capitalisme avancé pour créer des hyperghettos, tandis que les ‘banlieues’ parisiennes constituent des anti‐ghettos hétérogènes qui sont néanmoins déstabilisés par les mécanismes du marché du travail et de la politique, lesquels rendent superflus les ouvriers peu qualifiés et les privent du filet de sécurité de l'État. Ce commentaire critique revisite le Chicago des années 2000 et affirme que, d'une part, Wacquant exagère la répugnance collective à l'encontre des quartiers défavorisés et, d'autre part, qu'il minimise les processus contemporains d'effacement. De plus, prendre pour archétypes des quartiers marginalisés de Chicago dissimule la diversité d'implantation des races et des classes aux États‐Unis. Convenant qu'il est important de révéler le rôle de l'État dans la conformation des villes, cette critique termine en soulignant les domaines de convergence et de divergence en matière de politique du logement aux États‐Unis et en France pour ce qui est du logement public et social dans les villes.
Fjord infill in a high‐relief area: Rapid deposition influenced by deglaciation dynamics, glacio‐isostatic rebound and gravitational activity
Authors: LYSÅ ASTRID , HJELSTUEN BERIT OLINE , LARSEN EILIV 
Published: September 2009

Lyså, A., Hjelstuen, B. O. & Larsen, E. 2009: Fjord infill in a high‐relief area: Rapid deposition influenced by deglaciation dynamics, glacio‐isostatic rebound and gravitational activity. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00117.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Seismic profiles and gravity cores have been collected from the previously glaciated Nordfjord system on the west coast of Norway. The results give new information about the deglaciation history of the area and contribute to our understanding of fjord fill in high relief areas. During the last deglaciation, up to 360 m of sediments was deposited in the 135 km long fjord system. Shortly after the coastal area became ice‐free, ∼12 300 14C years BP, the first ice‐marginal deposits were formed, probably due to a minor glacier re‐advance. The greatest volume of sediments in the fjord was deposited during the Allerød ice recession period, the Younger Dryas re‐advance and the succeeding ice retreat period until the ice disappeared from the fjord in early Preboreal. During the Allerød, the fjord was ice‐free and glaciomarine stratified sediments were deposited. The ice margin is suggested to have been located just west of Lake Strynevatnet before the advance during the Younger Dryas. In the late phase of the Younger Dryas, and within the succeeding ∼1000 years, the glacio‐isostatic rebound was rapid, and extensive re‐sedimentation took place. Slide activities continued into mid‐Holocene, albeit with less intensity and were followed by normal and calm marine conditions that prevailed until the present. One huge rock avalanche into the fjord took place between 2200 and 1800 14C yr BP, probably triggering a tsunami and several slides in the fjord. Even though glacigenic sediments totally dominate in terms of sediment volume, the present study underlines the importance of re‐sedimentation and other gravitational processes in such fjord settings.
Topiramate‐Induced Intractable Cough During Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Maggioni Ferdinando , Mampreso Edoardo , Mainardi Federico , Lisotto Carlo , Malvindi Maria Lucia , Zanchin Giorgio 
Published: September 2009

(Headache 2010;50:301‐304)Topiramate is a highly effective drug in migraine prophylaxis and is considered a first‐line treatment. The evidence for the efficacy of topiramate is based upon the results of several large, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials. Adverse events (AEs) are common and require discontinuation of the treatment in about 20‐25% of patients, but they are rarely severe. There are reviews regarding topiramate‐related AEs representing a large number of patients treated in controlled trials. The most common AEs are weight loss, dizziness, somnolence, abnormal thinking, fatigue, ataxia, confusion, paresthesias, impaired concentration, nervousness, amnesia, and language difficulties. The development of cough has never been reported as an AE during topiramate prophylaxis for migraine. We present 3 cases in which the prophylactic treatment for migraine with topiramate was discontinued due to the onset of primary intractable coughing.
Using a Motion‐Capture System to Record Dynamic Articulation for Application in CAD/CAM Software
Authors: Röhrle Oliver , Waddell J. Neil , Foster Kylie D. , Saini Harnoor , Pullan Andrew J. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose: One of the current limitations of computer software programs for the virtual articulation of the opposing teeth is the static nature of the intercuspal position. Currently, software programs cannot identify eccentric occlusal contacts during masticatory cyclic movements of the mandible. Materials and Methods: Chewing trajectories with six degrees of freedom (DOF) were recorded and imposed on a computer model of one subject's maxillary and mandibular teeth. The computer model was generated from a set of high‐resolution μ‐CT images. To obtain natural chewing trajectories with six DOF, an optoelectronic motion‐capturing system (VICON MX) was used. For this purpose, a special mandibular motion‐tracking appliance was developed for this subject. Results: Mandibular movements while chewing elastic and plastic food samples were recorded and reproduced with the computer model. Examples of mandibular movements at intraoral points are presented for elastic and plastic food samples. The potential of such a kinematic computer model to analyze the dynamic nature of an occlusion was demonstrated by investigating the interaction of the second molars and the direction of the biting force during a chewing cycle. Conclusions: The article described a methodology that measured mandibular movements during mastication for one subject. This produced kinematic input to 3D computer modeling for the production of a virtual dynamic articulation that is suitable for incorporation into dental CAD/CAM software.
Unsuccessful Investigation of Preoperative Sexual Health Issues in the Prostate Cancer “Couple”: Results of a Real-Life Psychometric Survey at a Major Tertiary Academic Center
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Zanni Giuseppe , Gallina Andrea , Briganti Alberto , Saccà Antonino , Suardi Nazareno , Matloob Rayan , Da Pozzo Luigi F. , Bertini Roberto , Colombo Renzo , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Investigating preoperative sexual function of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and their partners is needed for realistic functional outcome analyses after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Aim
To assess pre-RP sexual health issues of PCa patients and their partners in a stable heterosexual relationship.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 3,282 consecutive patients who underwent RP over a three-period survey. During Period 1, on admission to the hospital the day prior to surgery, 1,360 patients were asked to complete the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). During Period 2, 1,171 patients were asked to complete the preoperative IIEF; similarly, patients’ partners were invited to complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Lastly, during Period 3, only candidates for RP were asked to fill in the IIEF.

Main Outcome Measures
To assess the rate of patients who completed the questionnaire during the three-period survey. To detail the proportion of patients’ partners who filled in the questionnaire, along with the partners’ reasons for non-adherence to the proposed investigation during Period 2.

Results
A small rate of men completed the IIEF during Period 1 (583 in 1,360 [42.9%]), Period 2 (290 in 1,171 [24.8%]), and Period 3 (261 in 751 [34.8%]) (χ2 trend: 13.06; P = 0.0003). In this context, a significantly lower proportion of patients completed the questionnaire during Period 2, as compared with both Period 1 (χ2: 95.13; P = 0.0001) and Period 3 (χ2: 21.87; P &lt; 0.0001). Only 82 in 1,171 (7.0%) partners completed the FSFI over Period 2. Moreover, only 6 in 82 (7.3%) of women provided complete data.

Conclusions
The investigation of sexual health issues of both partners prior to RP is largely unsuccessful. In this context, the prevalence of incomplete data collection is high, and these results demonstrate that contemporaneously investigating the sexual health issues of both partners significantly increases the prevalence of incomplete data collection.
Forest Rehabilitation and Its Implication for Forest Transition Theory
Authors: de Jong Wil 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTForest transition theory bases its predictions of forest recovery in temperate regions primarily on macro‐economic factors. In tropical countries, it is important to understand additional complex processes underlying forest recovery. Forest rehabilitation—meaning efforts to restore tree cover—is an important contributor to forest recovery in many tropical regions. Forest rehabilitation itself is subject to multiple factors that influence its scale, effectiveness and outcomes. This paper reviews forest rehabilitation in six countries—Brazil, China, Indonesia, Peru, Philippines and Vietnam. The cases reviewed suggest that globally, forest rehabilitation efforts can be understood in four time periods, or eras, each with distinct approaches to forest rehabilitation and outcomes. Various factors that influence forest rehabilitation outcomes evolved during these eras. Current outcomes of forest rehabilitation can only be adequately predicted if the historical processes influencing forest rehabilitation are understood. The paper suggests that forest transition in the tropics needs to be analyzed not only in terms of macro‐economic factors, but also in terms of the factors that influence forest rehabilitation outcomes as well as other processes that affect forest cover increase.
Stellar populations in globular cluster cores: evidence for a peculiar trend among red giant branch stars
Authors: Leigh N. , Sills A. , Knigge C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between the mass of a globular cluster core and the sizes of its various stellar populations in a sample of 56 globular clusters. The number of core red giant branch stars is found to scale sub-linearly with core mass at the 3σ confidence level, whereas the relation is linear to within one standard deviation for main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) and sub-giant branch stars. We interpret our results as evidence for a surplus of red giant branch stars in the least massive cluster cores which is not seen for MSTO and sub-giant branch stars. We explore various possibilities for the source of this discrepancy, discussing our results primarily in terms of the interplay between the cluster dynamics and stellar evolution.
The Vulnerability of Religious Liberty in Liberal States
Authors: Ahdar Rex Tauati 
Published: September 2009

AbstractReligious liberty enjoys a large measure of protection in liberal democratic states. This historically hard-won right will nevertheless always remain somewhat vulnerable. This article examines the relationship between liberalism and religionists who challenge key liberal tenets. The limits of liberal tolerance are seen when the state confronts those devout believers who behave or speak in the public domain in a manner that secular liberals perceive to be intolerant or bigoted. The courts and legislatures cannot be relied upon to protect the exercise of religion in situations where fundamental liberal premises are at stake.
The Influence of Air Temperature Inversions on Snowmelt and Glacier Mass Balance Simulations, Ammassalik Island, Southeast Greenland
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In many applications, a realistic description of air temperature inversions is essential for accurate snow and glacier ice melt, and glacier mass-balance simulations. A physically based snow evolution modeling system (SnowModel) was used to simulate 8 yr (1998/99–2005/06) of snow accumulation and snow and glacier ice ablation from numerous small coastal marginal glaciers on the SW part of Ammassalik Island in SE Greenland. These glaciers are regularly influenced by inversions and sea breezes associated with the adjacent relatively low temperature and frequently ice-choked fjords and ocean. To account for the influence of these inversions on the spatiotemporal variation of air temperature and snow and glacier melt rates, temperature inversion routines were added to MircoMet, the meteorological distribution submodel used in SnowModel. The inversions were observed and modeled to occur during 84% of the simulation period. Modeled inversions were defined not to occur during days with strong winds and high precipitation rates because of the potential of inversion breakup. Field observations showed inversions to extend from sea level to approximately 300 m MSL, and this inversion level was prescribed in the model simulations. Simulations with and without the inversion routines were compared. The inversion model produced air temperature distributions with warmer lower-elevation areas and cooler higher-elevation areas than without inversion routines because of the use of cold sea-breeze-based temperature data from underneath the inversion. This yielded an up to 2 weeks earlier snowmelt in the lower areas and up to 1–3 weeks later snowmelt in the higher-elevation areas of the simulation domain. Averaged mean annual modeled surface mass balance for all glaciers (mainly located above the inversion layer) was −720 ± 620 mm w.eq. yr−1 (w.eq. is water equivalent) for inversion simulations, and −880 ± 620 mm w.eq. yr−1 without the inversion routines, a difference of 160 mm w.eq. yr−1. The annual glacier loss for the two simulations was 50.7 × 106 and 64.4 × 106 m3 yr−1 for all glaciers—a difference of ∼21%. The average equilibrium line altitude (ELA) for all glaciers in the simulation domain was located at 875 and 900 m MSL for simulations with or without inversion routines, respectively.
Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions on Air–Sea Heat Exchanges and Storm-Track Activity as Revealed in Regional Atmospheric Model Simulations for the 2003/04 Cold Season*
Authors: Taguchi Bunmei , Nakamura Hisashi , Nonaka Masami , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Influences of oceanic fronts in the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension (KOE) region on the overlying atmosphere are investigated by comparing a pair of atmospheric regional model hindcast experiments for the 2003/04 cold season, one with the observed finescale frontal structures in sea surface temperature (SST) prescribed at the model lower boundary and the other with an artificially smoothed SST distribution. The comparison reveals the locally enhanced meridional gradient of turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture and surface air temperature (SAT) across the oceanic frontal zone, which favors the storm-track development both in winter and spring. Distinct seasonal dependency is found, however, in how dominantly the storm-track activity influences the time-mean distribution of the heat and moisture supply from the ocean.
In spring the mean surface sensible heat flux (SHF) is upward (downward) on the warmer (cooler) side of the subarctic SST front. This sharp cross-frontal contrast is a manifestation of intermittent heat release (cooling) induced by cool northerlies (warm southerlies) on the warmer (cooler) side of the front in association with migratory cyclones and anticyclones. The oceanic frontal zone is thus marked as both the largest variability in SHF and the cross-frontal sign reversal of the SHF skewness. The cross-frontal SHF contrasts in air–sea heat exchanges counteract poleward heat transport by those atmospheric eddies, to restore the sharp meridional gradient of SAT effectively for the recurrent development of atmospheric disturbances. Lacking this oceanic baroclinic adjustment associated with the SST front, the experiment with the smoothed SST distribution underestimates storm-track activity in the KOE region.
In winter the prevailing cold, dry continental airflow associated with the Asian winter monsoon induces a large amount of heat and moisture release even from the cooler ocean to the north of the frontal zone. The persistent advective effects of the monsoonal wind weaken the SAT gradient and smear out the sign reversal of the SHF skewness, leading to weaker influences of the oceanic fronts on the atmosphere in winter than in spring.
Changes in Streamflow Dynamics in the Rhine Basin under Three High-Resolution Regional Climate Scenarios
Authors: Hurkmans Ruud , Terink Wilco , Uijlenhoet Remko , Torfs Paul , Jacob Daniela , Troch Peter A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Because of global warming, the hydrologic behavior of the Rhine basin is expected to shift from a combined snowmelt- and rainfall-driven regime to a more rainfall-dominated regime. Previous impact assessments have indicated that this leads, on average, to increasing streamflow by ∼30% in winter and spring and decreasing streamflow by a similar value in summer. In this study, high-resolution (0.088°) regional climate scenarios conducted with the regional climate model REMO (REgional MOdel) for the Rhine basin are used to force a macroscale hydrological model. These climate scenarios are based on model output from the ECHAM5–Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) global climate model, which is in turn forced by three Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) emission scenarios: A2, A1B, and B1. The Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC; version 4.0.5) is used to examine changes in streamflow at various locations throughout the Rhine basin. Average streamflow, peak flows, low flows, and several water balance terms are evaluated for both the first and second half of the twenty-first century. The results reveal a distinct contrast between those periods. The first half is dominated by increased precipitation, causing increased streamflow throughout the year. During the second half of the century, a streamflow increase in winter/spring and a decrease in summer is found, similar to previous studies. This is caused by 1) temperature and evapotranspiration, which are considerably higher during the second half of the century; 2) decreased precipitation in summer; and 3) an earlier start of the snowmelt season. Magnitudes of peak flows increase during both periods, and the magnitudes of streamflow droughts increase only during the second half of the century.
Prediction of Monthly-Mean Temperature: The Roles of Atmospheric and Land Initial Conditions and Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Wang Wanqiu , Kumar Arun 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Using the retrospective forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) coupled atmosphere–ocean Climate Forecast System (CFS) and the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations from its uncoupled atmospheric component, the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), the relative roles of atmospheric and land initial conditions and the lower boundary condition of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the prediction of monthly-mean temperature are investigated. The analysis focuses on the lead-time dependence of monthly-mean prediction skill and its asymptotic value for longer lead times, which could be attributed the atmospheric response to the slowly varying SST. The results show that the observed atmospheric and land initial conditions improve the skill of monthly-mean prediction in the extratropics but have little influence in the tropics. However, the influence of initial atmospheric and land conditions in the extratropics decays rapidly. For 30-day-lead predictions, the global-mean forecast skill of monthly means is found to reach an asymptotic value that is primarily determined by the SST anomalies. The lead time at which initial conditions lose their influence varies spatially. In addition, the initial atmospheric and land conditions are found to have longer impacts in northern winter and spring than in summer and fall. The relevance of the results for constructing lagged ensemble forecasts is discussed.
Diagnosing the Droughts and Floods in Equatorial East Africa during Boreal Autumn 2005–08
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan , Polzin Dierk , Mutai Charles 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Building on an earlier report on the 2005 drought in equatorial East Africa, this short note examines the circulation mechanisms of the anomalies in the boreal autumn “short rains” season in the subsequent three years. Westerlies during this season are the surface manifestation of a powerful zonal–vertical circulation cell along the Indian Ocean equator. The surface equatorial westerlies were fast during the 2005 and 2008 droughts, near average during the near-average 2007 short rains, and slack during the 2006 floods, consistent with the known circulation diagnostics.
Observation of a Fast Continental Shelf Wave Generated by a Storm Impacting Newfoundland Using Wavelet and Cross-Wavelet Analyses
Authors: Thiebaut Severin , Vennell Ross 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Wavelet and cross-wavelet power spectra of sea level records from tide gauges along the Atlantic coast of Canada showed a low-frequency barotropic response after Hurricane Florence crossed the Newfoundland shelf in September 2006. In comparison with two other storms, the results showed that Florence was the only one that excited a propagating sea level disturbance with a period range similar to the passage time of the storm over the shelf (26–30 h) and phase shifts consistent with a barotropic continental shelf wave (CSW). The high amplitude of the oscillations generated by Florence along the shore diminished from approximately 45 to 12 cm as the CSW propagated from the south coast of Newfoundland to the southern Nova Scotia seaboard. This paper presents the first direct measurement of a remarkably high alongshore group speed (11.4 ± 5.9 m s−1), in the manner of free-barotropic CSW, by examination of sea level wavelet power spectra at different locations. Furthermore, using cross-wavelet analysis of pairs of stations, an exceptional phase speed of 16.0 ± 5.1 m s−1 has been found, greater than had been previously observed for a free CSW. The results were consistent with dispersion curves for the first-mode barotropic CSW.