bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin excretion in pseudohypoaldosteronism type I
Authors: WERDER E.A. , HILBE W. , VALLOTTON M.B. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In an infant with pseudohypoaldosteronism type I increased urinary excretion of PGE2 (1.32 ng/mg creatinine; normal mean ± SE: 0.50 ± 0.10) and PGF2α (6.15 ng/mg creatinine; normal mean ± SE: 2.93 ± 0.91) was found. Prostaglandin excretion as well as the typical hyperkalemia, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism normalized with adequate dietary salt supplementation. An abnormally high excretion of the renal prostaglandins was again present at age 4.4 years when the child was thriving although additional salt was withheld. These abnormalities are considered to be secondary to this condition's basic defect which remains to be elucidated.
Evidence against growth hormone-releasing factor deficiency in children with idiopathic obesity
Authors: VAN VLIET G. , BOSSON D. , RUMMENS E. , ROBYN C. , WOLTER R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The mechnisms whereby growth hormone (GH) secretion is decreased in human obsity remain obscure. We studied the response of plasma GH and prolactin (PRL) to an I.V. dose of 0.5 mcg/kg of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) in three groups of children: lean (N=12), obese (N=15) and GRF-deficient, i.e. children with complete GH deficiency on the basis of conventional provocative testing and evidence of hypothalamic dyfunction on the basis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone testing (N=7).
Mean (±SEM) peak plasma GH after GRF was blunted to the same extent in obese and in GRF deficient children (11.1 ± 2.2 and 8.3 ± 2.8 mg/ml) as compared to lean control children (34.7 ± 4.7 mg/ml).
The pattern of PRL response to GRF was however different in GRF after GRF injection, and in obese and lean children, who had no acute change in PRL levels after GRF.
Baseline plasma somatomedin C concentrations were low for age in GRF deficient children and tended to be high for age in obese children.
On the basisi of these discrepant patterns of response of PRL to GRF and plasma somatomedin C concentration, we conculde that GRF defeciency does not account for the decreased GH secreation observed in obese children.
Serum insulin-releasing activity and the Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: LAUTALA PENTTI , KNIP MIKAEL , AKERBLOM HANS K. , KOUVALAINEN KAUKO , MARTIN JULIO M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Pathogenesis and etiology of the various clinical features of the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are not completely understood. There is evidence suggesting a hypothalamic abnormality leading to hypogonadism in this syndrome. To test the possible hypothalamic involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity in these patients we studied the sera of 5 patients with PWS for insulin-releasing activity of possible hypothalamic origin. In addition 4 patients with a PWS-like syndrome and 6 obese patients with signs of central nervous system damage were studied. All five patients with PWS showed significant insulin-releasing activity in their sera. Of the four patients with PWS-like symptoms three showed similar activity while three of the obese patients with central nervous system damage had this activity in their sera. Serum insulin-releasing activity has been shown earlier to be associated with childhood obesity and it could play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity in PWS.
The functional response to furosemide in a case of de Toni-Debre-Fanconi disease
Authors: SANTOS-ATHERTON DAVID , FRENK SILVESTRE 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The case of a 13-year-old boy with the advanced clinical picture of the idiopa thic DeToni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome is described, on whom acute studies of proximal tubular functions and of the effect of furosemide thereon were performed. Sodium bicarbonate loading corrected the hyperchloremic acidosis, but induced an increase of urinary bicarbonate loss of over 20 % of the filtered amount. Furosemide corrected bicarbonate reabsorption in spite of the presence of metabolic alkalosis. The urinary excretion of alpha-amino nitrogen, glucose, and phosphates decreased and tubular reabsorption of the two latter increased under furosemide. On a chronic treatment with furosemide and dietary sodium chloride restriction, correction of hyperchloremic acidosis, hypophosphatemia and rickets was achieved.
Transplantation of human endocrine tissues to nude mice:
Authors: Usadel K. H. , Teuber J. , Paschke R. , Junker M. , Schwedes U. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract. After transplantation of human tissue to nu/nu mice the human lymphocytes disappear. In this context, interestingly, the DR-expression is not detectable anymore after transplantation of the tissues from patients with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis and cancer.
Neopterin release was only demonstrable when T-lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis or PHA-stimulated lymphocytes were added, independently of the presence of DR-expression in the used culture tissues.
These results seem to exclude a functional role of DR-expression as a trigger mechanism of autoimmunity. It is supposed that DR-priming on epithelial cells is mediated by kinine production of activated T-lymphocytes or macrophages.
DESENSITIZING EFFECT OF EXOAND ENDOGENOUS RELAXIN ON THE IMMEDIATE UTERINE RESPONSE TO RELAXIN
Authors: Wiqvist Nils 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The immediate motility inhibiting effect of relaxin was studied in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and rats with in vitro and in vivo techniques.
The non-pregnant uterus is refractory to the immediate effect of relaxin during the first 3 hours after a single subcutaneous injection of relaxin in vivo. Uteri from normal pregnant animals are sensitive to the motility inhibiting effect of relaxin on day 6–8 of gestation but completely refractory during the latter stages of pregnancy. The uterine sensitivity is restored approximately 24 hours postpartum. The non-pregnant horn from unilaterally pregnant mice did react to relaxin on day 18–20 after bilateral oophorectomy but did not react after hemioophorectomy. The pregnant horn was refractory regardless of the presence of ovaries and also after removal of foetuses. 12–24 hours following parturition myometrial strips from non-treated animals excised at the site of the placental insertions were refractory, however, strips taken opposite to the site of the placental insertions became sensitive to relaxin in vitro.
Inhibition of Glycan Shedding and Leukocyte‐Endothelial Adhesion in Postcapillary Venules by Suppression of Matrixmetalloprotease Activity with Doxycycline
Authors: Mulivor Aaron W. , Lipowsky Herbert H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTObjective: The aims of this study were to examine the role of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) in causing shedding of glycan components of the endothelial glycocalyx and delineate the efficacy of doxycycline as an inhibitor of white blood cell–endothelial cell (WBC‐EC) adhesion and glycan shedding in postcapillary venules.Methods: WBC‐EC adhesion in postcapillary venules of mesentery (rat) was examined in response to superfusion with the chemoattractant, f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLP). Glycan shedding was delineated by using fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLMs; 0.1 μm in diameter) coated with lectins and infused into the systemic circulation. The shedding of FLMs in response to fMLP was examined during superfusion with graded concentrations of doxycycline and the zinc chelator, ilomastat.Results: Superfusion of mesentery with 10−7 M of fMLP caused a reduction in FLM adhesion due to shedding of the glycocalyx and a rise in WBC‐EC adhesion. WBC‐EC adhesion and FLM shedding were reduced with subantimicrobial concentrations of doxycycline equal to or greater than 0.5 μM with an EC50 value of 0.15 μM. MMP activation was verified by inhibition of shedding and attenuation of circulating MMP substrate cleavage at the venular wall with the zinc chelator, ilomastat (GM6001, 2.6 μM; US Biological, Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA).Conclusions: MMPs play a significant role in glycan shedding and WBC‐EC adhesion, and doxycycline may stabilize the endothelial glycocalyx by inhibition of MMP activation.
Independent roles of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and endogenous, but not exogenous glucocorticoids in regulating leukocyte trafficking
Authors: Gregory Julia L. , Hall Pam , Leech Michelle , Morand Eric F. , Hickey Michael J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes leukocyte recruitment and antagonizes the anti‐inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GC). The aim of this study was to examine whether interaction between MIF and GC underlies the ability of MIF to promote leukocyte– endothelial cell (EC) interactions.Methods: Intravital microscopy was used to assess leukocyte‐EC interactions in wild‐type and MIF−/− mice following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the GC dexamethasone, and inhibition of endogenous GC, using the GC‐receptor antagonist, RU486.Results: Dexamethasone reduced LPS‐induced leukocyte interactions in wild‐type mice to levels similar to those observed in MIF −/− mice not treated with dexamethasone, whereas in MIF −/− mice, leukocyte interactions were not further inhibited by dexamethasone. RU486 increased LPS‐induced leukocyte adhesion and emigration to a similar extent in both wild‐type and MIF −/− mice, indicating that endogenous GC exert a similar inhibitory effect on leukocyte trafficking in wild‐type and MIF −/− mice. Both MIF deficiency and RU486 treatment reduced VCAM‐1 expression, while neither treatment modulated expression of ICAM‐1 or chemokines CCL2, KC, and MIP‐2.Conclusions: These results suggest that endogenous MIF and GC regulate leukocyte‐EC interactions in vivo reciprocally but through predominantly independent mechanisms, and that the anti‐inflammatory effect of MIF deficiency is comparable to that of exogenous GC.
Prevalence and Determinants of Smoking among the College Students in Selected District of Bangladesh
Authors: Tarafdar Md Monowar Ahmad , Nahar Shamsun , Rahman Md Mizanur , Hussain Syed Md Akram , Zaki Mahbub 
Published: October 2009

Cigarette smoking is an intractable public health problem that poses threat to the health of the entire population. Smoking is considered as the single largest risk factor for a variety of malignancies, including lung cancer. The prevalence of smoking is gradually increasing among the students in Bangladesh. Considering this view, this cross sectional study was conducted in a selected higher secondary college of Moulvibazar district under Sylhet division. The objectives of the study were to determine the proportion of current smokers and its determinants among the college students. A total of 719 students were interviewed using self administered questionnaire. The mean age (SD) of the students was 17.1 (SD 1.5) years ranging from 15 to 22 years. Majority of the respondents were male (57.4%) and 42.6% were female with male-female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of 719 students, 22% were current smokers and the rest 78% were non smokers. Half of the students reportedly mentioned that they started smoking due to peer pressure followed by curiosity (34%), to avoid anxiety and tension (28%), feeling of maturity (14%, symbol of manliness (9%) etc. The most frequent form of smoking was cigarette (56%) followed by Bidi (37%), Hukkah (6%) and 2% hand made cigarette. The mean age of starting smoking was 13(SD 2.9) years ranging from 9 to 20 years. More than one third (35%) of the student's father were smokers, whereas 11.5% of their brothers were smokers. Logistic analysis revealed that only age, sex and educational attainment appeared to be important predictors of smoking (p<0.001). This indicates that the smoking was 4.26 times high among male students than their female counterparts. It was 2.1 times higher among the students aged 18 years and above than below 18 years. It was also 2 times higher among students of twelve grades than eleven grades. The smoking among the young population as a whole and also among female students is alarming. This should be addressed properly to create awareness among them and proper measures should be taken to prevent smoking among young population. Key words: Smoking, Higher secondary school, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i1.3579 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(1) 2009 3-8
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Delivery after Intrauterine Fetal Death
Authors: Habib Shahin Akter Jahan , Sultana Sayeeda 
Published: October 2009

To determine the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with delivery after intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and to find out the place of fetal destructive procedures and cesarean section. The study design was Cross-sectional. The place of study was conducted in the Labour Room, Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka from January 2005 to December 2005.Patients and Methods: All women were included in the present study who presented before the onset of labour pains, after intrauterine fetal death at 26 weeks or onward with singleton pregnancy. Assessment of maternal demographic characteristics, gestational age at fetal demise, delivery -IUFD interval, mode of delivery; vaginal with or without fetal destructive procedures/cesarean section and maternal complications were the main outcome measures. There were 5,502 live birth and 189 deliveries with intrauterine fetal death. Mode of delivery was vaginal in 87.4% and cesarean section in 12.6% of the cases. Thirty six (21%) of the vaginal deliveries were complication by lower urogenital tract injuries in certain cases, whereas 75% (18/24) of patients delivered by cesarean section developed major postoperative complications like postpartum haemorrhage , shock, endometritis, peritonitis and wound dehiscence. No maternal death was identified. Rate of delivery with intrauterine fetal death was 34.3/1000 live -birth deliveries. Maternal morbidity like perineal tear, urinary tract infection, menstrual disorder and even secondary infertility may follow after vaginal mode of delivery by forceps and destructive procedures. The frequency and severity of complications after cesarean delivery are quite higher and may rarely lead to even maternal death. Key Words: Intrauterine fetal death. Maternal morbidity. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3571 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 39-43
Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Postoperative Nutrition of Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Hosain Suman Nazmul , Akter Sayeda Jarina , Rasheed Haroon , Maruf Fazle , Ahmed Nasiruddin 
Published: October 2009

Introduction: Nutrition is an important factor for recovery following cardiac surgery. Most patients loose appetite and have reduced nutrition following cardiac surgery. Several factors including pain, anxiety, medications, whole body inflammatory response, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have role in postoperative anorexia and reduced nutrition. Objective: Objective of this study is to find out the role of CPB in postoperative anorexia and nutrition. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at NICVD. 30 randomly selected adult patients who had undergone open heart surgical procedures were compared to same number of closed heart surgery patients. The daily food intake was calculated from the ICU data-sheets and calorie value obtained. The values were compared between the open and closed heart surgery patients. Results: It was noted that the open heart surgery patients took significantly less amount of food and calorie compared to the closed heart surgery patients. Conclusion: Open heart surgery is a situation where post operative nutrition plays a very significant role in patient's recovery. But unfortunately there is a tendency of the patient's taking low calorie intake for various reasons. This may have a critical role postoperatively. So adequate measures should be adopted to ensure proper postoperative nutrition following open heart surgery. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3574 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 53-55
Huber's Theorem for Hyperbolic Orbisurfaces
Authors: Dryden Emily B. , Strohmaier Alexander 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe show that for compact orientable hyperbolic orbisurfaces, the Laplace spectrum determines the length spectrum as well as the number of singular points of a given order. The converse also holds, giving a full generalization of Huber's theorem to the setting of compact orientable hyperbolic orbisurfaces.
On Projection Bodies of Order One
Authors: Campi Stefano , Gronchi Paolo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe projection body of order one Π1K of a convex body K in ℝn is the body whose support function is, up to a constant, the average mean width of the orthogonal projections of K onto hyperplanes through the origin.The paper contains an inequality for the support function of Π1K, which implies in particular that such a function is strictly convex, unless K has dimension one or two. Furthermore, an existence problem related to the reconstruction of a convex body is discussed to highlight the different behavior of the area measures of order one and of order n – 1.
A Class of Cellulated Spheres with Non-Polytopal Symmetries
Authors: Gévay Gábor 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe construct, for alld≥ 4, a cellulation of. We prove that these cellulations cannot be polytopal with maximal combinatorial symmetry. Such non-realizability phenomenon was first described in dimension 4 by Bokowski, Ewald and Kleinschmidt, and, to the knowledge of the author, until now there have not been any known examples in higher dimensions. As a starting point for the construction, we introduce a new class of (Wythoffian) uniform polytopes, which we call duplexes. In proving our main result, we use some tools that we developed earlier while studying perfect polytopes. In particular, we prove perfectness of the duplexes; furthermore, we prove and make use of the perfectness of another new class of polytopes which we obtain by a variant of the so-calledE-construction introduced by Eppstein, Kuperberg and Ziegler.
A One-Dimensional Family of K3 Surfaces with a ℤ4 Action
Authors: Artebani Michela 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe minimal resolution of the degree four cyclic cover of the plane branched along a GIT stable quartic is a K3 surface with a non symplectic action of ℤ4. In this paper we study the geometry of the one-dimensional family of K3 surfaces associated to the locus of plane quartics with five nodes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzenamines with Disulfides: Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylindoles
Authors: Guo Yan‐Jin , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Li Jin‐Heng , Zhong Ping , Zhang Xing‐Guo 
Published: October 2009

Abstract3‐Sulfenylindoles can be efficiently prepared in moderate to good yields from 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzenamines and disulfides using the palladium/air catalytic systems. The study also provides a useful route to the synthesis of fipronil analogues.
Silver‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of o‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzamides: Efficient Synthesis of (1H)‐Isochromen‐1‐imines
Authors: Liu Guannan , Zhou Yu , Ye Deju , Zhang Dengyou , Ding Xiao , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn efficient avenue for the facile and atom‐economic synthesis of (1H)‐isochromen‐1‐imines has been developed, and a broad spectrum of substrates can participate in the process effectively to produce the desired products in good yields. Significantly, this is the first report of the synthesis of (1H)‐isochromen‐1‐imines that involves a silver(I)‐catalyzed, regiocontrolled intramolecular addition of the carbonyl group of the amide moiety towards an alkyne.
Room Temperature Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Alumination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Lecourt Thomas , Micouin Laurent 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn efficient and mild access to mixed dimethylalkynylaluminum reagents has been developed via a direct Lewis base‐catalyzed alumination of terminal alkynes by trimethylaluminum. The use of bis(trimethylsilyl)methylamine enables the metalation at room temperature with only 1% of catalyst loading.
An Organocatalytic Synthesis of cis‐N‐Alkyl‐ and N‐Arylaziridine Carboxylates
Authors: Bew Sean P. , Carrington Rachel , Hughes David L. , Liddle John , Pesce Paolo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn extremely mild protocol that employs readily available starting materials, i.e., aldehyde, amine and alkyl diazoacetate, returns structurally diverse N‐substituted‐C‐2/3‐difunctionalised aziridines in excellent yields and stereoselectivities when pyridinium triflate is incorporated as an organocatalyst. The reaction process is environmentally benign affording water and nitrogen as the only by‐products. This racemic protocol paves the way for the development of novel asymmetric organocatalysts capable of generating optically active aziridines.
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐bound iminofullerene
Authors: Clarke David J. , Matisons Janis G. , Simon George P. , Samoc Marek , Samoc Anna 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages containing an iminofullerene species are reported herein. Monosubstituted benzyl chloride POSS was synthesized, and subsequently reacted with sodium azide to form mono benzyl azide POSS. The azide was subsequently reacted with C60 in anhydrous, degassed toluene to yield the desired POSS iminofullerene compound. The prepared compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, electrospray mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, UV–vis, fluorescence and optical power limiting measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decomposition of nitrous oxide over a low‐cost catalyst
Authors: Yang Xinfang , Zhuo Yuqun , Li Tianjin , Chen Changhe , Xu Xuchang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a significant greenhouse gas and its emissions from fluidized bed combustion systems can be controlled using catalytic conversion and decomposition. The catalytic decomposition of N2O was studied in a quartz fixed‐bed reactor at 450–700 °C. The low‐cost catalyst was prepared from fly ash and iron oxides, and was characterized in terms of the BET specific surface area and XRD. This study showed that both the Fe content on the catalyst surface and the calcination temperature during the preparation of the catalyst should be optimized in order to significantly improve the catalyst performance when used for N2O decomposition. The influences of O2, H2O, CO2 and SO2 on the N2O decomposition were investigated at the most reactive temperature. Experimental results showed that O2 had a small negative effect on the catalytic activity, while CO2 had no obvious effect on the N2O decomposition. The N2O conversion was still high even when H2O was present. However, the N2O conversion dropped sharply when H2O and O2 were both present. The catalytic activity was reduced by SO2 because of its reaction with the catalyst. The difference between the N2O conversion with H2O present and with both H2O and O2 present was analyzed in order to determine the N2O decomposition mechanism. Two mechanisms for the N2O catalytic decomposition mechanism have been considered, of which the one with formation of oxygen atoms at two sites with migration and recombination shows better agreement with our experimental results. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.