bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ageing and maximal physical performance
Authors: Suominen Harri 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Elite master athletes with long-term devotion to physical training offer an economical means of investigating the effects of ageing and habitual exercise on maximal physical performance. Ideally, individuals with optimised living habits throughout their lives could serve as a human model of ‘primary’ or ‘inherent’ ageing, where age-related changes are not confounded by sedentary life-style and associated chronic diseases. A limitation of this approach is the selection bias as those with inherently high physical capacity and good health participate in competitive sports. The age-related decrements remain obvious, but the record performances of master athletes competing in running and jumping events are preserved at an extraordinary high level until old age. Similarly, underlying capacities such as muscle strength, power and endurance remain far above the age norms, thus providing superior functional reserves for activities of daily living. Nevertheless, even the best records may overestimate the age decrements. It is obvious that the older champions have never trained and performed as well as the current younger athletes, and that the performance of individual athletes retaining or increasing their training volume and intensity show smaller decrements over the years. The plasticity of individual development is preserved in later life thus making it possible, at least for some time, to modify the age-associated decline in the different aspects of maximal physical performance.
Growing up and apart: Gender divergences in a Chicagoland elementary school
Authors: Cameron Richard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA characteristic of children's social orders is gender segregation. When children can choose, girls play more with girls and boys with boys. This begins around age three and peaks in later childhood. If children separate into same-gender groups, their interactions across the gender line will not be as frequent as those with members of the same sex. Following on Bloomfield's assertion (1933:46) that “density of communication” results in the “most important differences of speech” within a community, I predict that differences will increasingly emerge between girls and boys. I test this using two sociolinguistic variables, (dh) and (ing), in the English spoken by children in an elementary school. The prediction is supported. Results contribute to research into language socialization and the acquisition of gendered linguistic expression.
Comment on “Mount St. Helens: A 30‐Year Legacy of Volcanism”
Authors: Fougere Paul F. 
Published: November 2010

I read with great interest “Mount St. Helens: A 30‐year legacy of volcanism,” by J. W. Vallance et al., the feature in the 11 May 2010 issue of Eos (91(19), 169–170). This well‐written article is about the volcano itself and ash and aircraft incidents but not about far‐field effects such as traveling ionospheric disturbances (disturbances in the ionosphere that act like traveling waves) that were caused by the explosion.I have a personal interest in the 1980 Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption. At that time I was working as a physicist at the U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) at Hanscom Air Force Base, in Massachusetts. AFGL had a magnetometer array located across the United States, from which I and other scientists at Hanscom observed perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field, which we related directly to the explosion. These perturbations were observed at stations as far away from Mount St. Helens as Mount Clemens, Mich., 3122 kilometers distant. We were able to measure the velocity of the resulting disturbance at about 316 meters per second, in reasonable agreement with velocities of the pressure wave (from 305 to 309 meters per second) that was observed on microbarometers by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Historical changes in fishing efficiency in the west coast demersal scalefish fishery, Western Australia: implications for assessment and management
Authors: Marriott Ross J. , Wise Brent , St John Jill 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Marriott, R. J., Wise, B., and St John, J. 2011. Historical changes in fishing efficiency in the west coast demersal scalefish fishery, Western Australia: implications for assessment and management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 76–86. The west coast demersal scalefish fishery off the southern part of Western Australia has experienced technological creep over the past 20 years, resulting in improved fishing efficiency. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative measures of efficiency improvements arising from the historical adoption of several important technologies from the surveys of experienced skippers. Survey results suggest that the relatively rapid adoption of Global Positioning Systems from 1989 to 1991 had a large and overriding effect on fleet-wide fishing efficiency. Additive effects from the fleet-wide adoption of colour sounders and hydraulic reels on effective fishing effort and the catch rates of West Australian dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) and pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) were also demonstrated. Historical logbook data were independently analysed as a secondary check of these findings for three of the surveyed skippers, which identified that GPS adoption had a significant, positive influence on the catch rate for two vessels, but not for the third, highlighting potential variation in this response among skippers. The results have contributed towards improved understanding of the historical dynamics of the fishery and of the factors that have affected, at least in part, historical changes or, in some instances, a lack of change in observed effort and catch rates.
Occurrence of Grapevine Trunk Disease Caused by Botryosphaeria rhodina in China
Authors: Yan J.-Y. , Li X.-H. , Kong F.-F. , Wang Z.-Y. , Gong L.-Z. , He H.-P. 
Published: November 2010

In the early summer of 2009, grapevine (Vitis vinifera), an important fruit crop in China, declined in most of the vineyards in Hunan, Hubei, and Zhejiang provinces. Characteristic symptoms of Botryosphaeria canker were apparent, including trunk cankers (visible in cross-section), leaf drop, shriveling and drying of fruit clusters, and berry rot (1). To identify the causal pathogen, we tested 126 samples by attempting to culture the pathogen from a small piece of tissue from the canker margin between the necrotic and apparently healthy tissue. Plant tissue was surface sterilized by placing it in 75% ethanol for 1 min and rinsed with sterilized water three times before culturing to potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C. Five days later, the cultures were hyphal-tip purified and then single-spore isolates were used for identification. On the basis of colony characteristics in PDA, these colonies were identified as Botryosphaeria spp. (2). They were grayish white, becoming dark brown with age, and pycnidia were formed after incubation for approximately 9 days. Conidia measured 11 to 15 × 22 to 28 μm. A subset of isolates were used for rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence analysis with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (3). PCR products were separated by electrophoresis and bands were purified (Qiagen Plasmid Mini Kit; Qiagen, Valencia, CA) for sequencing (Sunbiotech Company, Beijing). BLAST searches of three ITS sequences (Accession Nos. GU226851, GU226853, and GU226856) had 100% identity to B. rhodina. EF1-α and β-tubulin sequence analysis gave similar results. Koch's postulates were completed in the laboratory on grape shoots inoculated with two isolates of B. rhodina, originally isolated from plants in the field with symptoms of Botryosphaeria canker. Isolates were incubated on PDA at 25°C for 1 week. Inoculations were made on green shoots of V. vinifera cvs. Muscat Hamburg and Crimson Seedless. Five shoots per cultivar were inoculated per isolate by wounding with a 4-mm cork borer (2 mm deep), placing a colonized agar plug on the wound, and wrapping the wound with Parafilm. Controls were mock inoculated with an agar plug from sterile PDA. Inoculated shoots were incubated in the laboratory in the dark under moist conditions for 10 days at 25°C. Inoculated shoots had necrotic cankers after 10 days and B. rhodina was recovered from each canker margin. The results suggest that some grapevines in China with symptoms of Botryosphaeria canker were indeed infected by B. rhodina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen on grapevine in China. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) J. M. Niekerk et al. Mycologia 96:781, 2004. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
Health profile differences for menthol and non‐menthol smokers: findings from the national health interview survey
Authors: Mendiondo Marta S. , Alexander Linda A. , Crawford Tim 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Although the adverse effects of smoking are well known, limited information exists about the overall health profiles of menthol smokers when compared to their non‐menthol smoking counterparts. Using a well‐known nationally representative survey, this study examines differences between self‐reported health characteristics for menthol and non‐menthol smokers.Design  Cross‐sectional data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey and its cancer control supplement were used to analyze responses for current and former smokers (n = 12 004) independently. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.2 and SAS callable SUDAAN version 9.0.3. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to model menthol smoking.Findings  After controlling for sex, age and race, we found that in current smokers the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day is significantly lower for menthol smokers when compared to non‐menthol smokers [odds ratio (OR): 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.00]. Also, we found that former menthol smokers had higher body mass indices (BMIs) (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02) and were more likely to have visited the emergency room due to asthma (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.04, 5.09).Conclusions  Overall, current menthol and non‐menthol smokers have similar health profiles. However, menthol smokers reported smoking fewer cigarettes per day than their non‐menthol counterparts. While these findings are supportive of other published data, future studies may need to tease out the health‐related significance of smoking fewer menthol cigarettes per day but having similar health outcomes to those who smoke more non‐menthol cigarettes per day. Additionally, our findings suggest that there may be some differences between the former menthol and non‐menthol smoker.
Electrical slow wave activity of the cat stomach: its frequency gradient and the effect of indomethacin
Authors: XUE S. , VALDEZ D. T. , TREMBLAY L. , COLLMAN P. I. , DIAMANT N. E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present study was performed to establish the intrinsic frequency of the slow waves in different regions of the cat stomach, to define the propagation velocity of the slow wave along the stomach, and to determine whether endogenous prostaglandins can affect the slow wave frequency. In 20 cats, electrical activity was recorded from the anterior wall of the intact stomach in vivo and in vitro, and in vitro after cutting the stomach into 16 pieces to isolate each pair of electrodes. In vivo, slow waves (4.1 ± 0.5 cpm) were seen only from mid corpus to pylorus, the apparent propagation velocity decreasing towards the antrum. In vitro: (a) after cutting, the slow wave frequency increased, to a maximum in 1 h (12 ± 1.8 cpm; range 10.2–17.3), with the highest frequency always in the mid or orad corpus, usually on the greater curvature (GC), (b) with indomethacin (10−5M) the increase in slow wave frequency was prevented or reversed, and there was a frequency gradient with the highest frequency (4.4 ± 1.2 cpm) uniformly located in the most proximal active site on the GC, and (c) slow waves on the GC were more stable, regular and continuous than on the lesser curvature (LC), the difference being most evident in the corpus. The results suggest that the cat stomach behaves as a system of electrically coupled oscillators of different frequencies. The dominant oscillator of highest frequency is situated in the proximal corpus of the GC, with the remainder of the distal stomach entrained at this frequency. All gastric slow wave oscillators can be driven to higher frequencies by endogenous prostaglandins. The decreasing velocity of slow wave propagation distally suggests that oscillator properties and/or coupling among oscillators differs in the cat.
Efficient control of Leishmania and Strongyloides despite partial suppression of nematode‐induced Th2 response in co‐infected mice
Authors: KOLBAUM J. , RITTER U. , ZIMARA N. , BREWIG N. , ESCHBACH M.‐L. , BRELOER M. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryEndemic regions for the pathogenic nematode Strongyloides and parasitic protist Leishmania overlap and therefore co‐infections with both parasites frequently occur. As the Th2 and Th1 immune responses necessary to efficiently control Strongyloides and Leishmania infections are known to counterregulate each other, we analysed the outcome of co‐infection in the murine system. Here, we show that Leishmania major‐specific Th1 responses partially suppressed the nematode‐induced Th2 response in co‐infected mice. Despite this modulation, successful expulsion of gut dwelling Strongyloides was not suppressed in mice with pre‐existing or subsequent Leishmania infection. A pre‐existing Strongyloides infection, in contrast, did not interfere with efficient type‐1 responses but even increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Also, control of L. major infections was not affected by pre‐existing nematode infection. Taken together, we provide evidence that simultaneous presence of helminth and protist parasites did not interfere with efficient host defence in our co‐infection model.
Influence of Gibberellin on Activities of Starch Degradative Enzymes and Phosphatase in Verbascum thapsus
Authors: GLIER JAMES H. , CARUSO JOHN L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGibberellic acid was applied near the shoot apical region of rosettes of Verbascum thapsus, a biennial weed, over a 6‐week period. Starch content and the activities of α‐amylase, β‐amylase, glucan phosphorylase and acid and alkaline phosphatase were determined for roots of the rosettes for 5 of the 6 weeks of gibberellin treatment. Starch content decreased during the first week of treatment, and it continued to drop until the third week, at which time virtually no starch remained. There was a concomitant increase in activities of the starch degradative enzymes, all of which reached their respective peaks of activities by the end of the second week of hormonal treatment. The peaks of these enzymatic activities occurred approximately 1 week before appearance of the first morphological signs of bolting. Alkaline phosphatase showed an early response to applied gibberellin, and its peak of activity coincided with early signs of bolting.
The Fate of 1,2‐14C‐(Chloroethyl) Phosphonic Acid (Ethephon) in Olive (Olea europea)
Authors: EPSTEIN EPHRAIM , KLEIN ISAAC , LAVEE SHIMON 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe translocation and metabolism of ethephon at pH 7.0 and its effect on abscission of olive fruit, were studied in attached and detached fruits. In detached olives, the lowest fruit removal force values were achieved when the fruits were treated at their proximal cavity and kept under humid conditions. Following application of 14C‐ethephon to the proximal cavity 63% of the label was absorbed within 4 h; evolution of 14C‐ethylene proceeded at a slow rate, mainly from 14C‐ethephon remaining on the olive surface, totaling 37% of the applied ethephon in 20 days. 14C‐ethephon disappeared rapidly after its application to olive on the tree. More 14C‐ethephon could be extracted from olives on the trees after distal application than after proximal application.Since the response of detached olives to treatments with ethephon was similar to that of attached olives in regard to fruit removal force reduction, the former can be used for the study of many aspects of ethephon and ethylene metabolism in olives.In our study no ethephon metabolites other than 14C‐ethylene could be detected after 14C‐ethephon application to attached or detached olive fruits.
Clinical effects of topical pimecrolimus in a patient with Fox–Fordyce disease
Authors: Milcic Danijela , Nikolic Milos 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTFox–Fordyce disease (FFD) is characterized by a pruritic eruption of skin‐coloured or yellowish papules in areas rich in apocrine glands. The histology comprises dilatation of follicular infundibula with hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiosis of the infundibular epithelium with perifollicular infiltration of lymphocytes and foamy histiocytes. We treated a 12‐year‐old girl with FFD with topical pimecrolimus for 12 weeks, this resulted in a complete clearance of lesions. After the therapy, the patient was followed for an additional 19 months without signs of relapse. The effects of pimecrolimus in FFD might imply that an inflammatory process inducing secondary reactive hyperkeratosis could be involved in the pathogenesis of FFD.
Using participatory research to challenge the status quo for women’s cardiovascular health
Authors: Young Lynne , Wharf Higgins Joan 
Published: November 2010

YOUNG L, and WHARF HIGGINS J.Nursing Inquiry2010;17: 346–358 Using participatory research to challenge the status quo for women’s cardiovascular healthCardiovascular health research has been dominated by medical and patriarchal paradigms, minimizing a broader perspective of causes of disease. Socioeconomic status as a risk for cardiovascular disease is well established by research, yet these findings have had little influence. Participatory research (PR) that frames mixed method research has potential to bring contextualized clinically relevant findings into program planning and policy‐making arenas toward developing meaningful health and social policies relevant to primary prevention. In this article we provide an overview of a PR program that included two quantitative and one qualitative studies and then we discuss lessons learned. The PR process we found was empowering for lone mothers, and transformative for lone mothers and researchers. Further, PR as an approach to research opened spaces in practice and policy‐making arenas to raise upstream issues relevant to the health of low income lone mothers. We conclude that while PR is an effective approach to social determinants research, as a time‐intensive endeavor, and one that does not easily align with research tradition, researchers must consider the strengths and drawbacks of PR when planning to implement such an approach.
Temperature‐dependent global gene expression in the Antarctic archaeon Methanococcoides burtonii
Authors: Campanaro S. , Williams T. J. , Burg D. W. , De Francisci D. , Treu L. , Lauro F. M. , Cavicchioli R. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMethanococcoides burtonii is a member of the Archaea that was isolated from Ace Lake in Antarctica and is a valuable model for studying cold adaptation. Low temperature transcriptional regulation of global gene expression, and the arrangement of transcriptional units in cold‐adapted archaea has not been studied. We developed a microarray for determing which genes are expressed in operons, and which are differentially expressed at low (4°C) or high (23°C) temperature. Approximately 55% of genes were found to be arranged in operons that range in length from 2 to 23 genes, and mRNA abundance tended to increase with operon length. Analysing microarray data previously obtained by others for Halobacterium salinarum revealed a similar correlation between operon length and mRNA abundance, suggesting that operons may play a similar role more broadly in the Archaea. More than 500 genes were differentially expressed at levels up to ∼24‐fold. A notable feature was the upregulation of genes involved in maintaining RNA in a state suitable for translation in the cold. Comparison between microarray experiments and results previously obtained using proteomics indicates that transcriptional regulation (rather than translation) is primarily responsible for controlling gene expression in M. burtonii. In addition, certain genes (e.g. involved in ribosome structure and methanogenesis) appear to be regulated post‐transcriptionally. This is one of few experimental studies describing the genome‐wide distribution and regulation of operons in archaea.
Management of intraoperative splenic injury during laparoscopic urological surgery
Authors: Chung Benjamin I. , Desai Mihir M. , Gill Inderbir S. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The exact incidence of splenic injury during laparoscopic urologic procedures is not known; however, it is an uncommon occurrence. Also, the optimal treatment algorithm is not well delineated and the efficacy of successfully treating minor injuries to the spleen without resorting to splenectomy is not well described in the urologic literature.This study outlines the rate of splenic injury during a variety of laparoscopic urologic procedures and we outline a treatment algorithm that has been successfully employed in the management of these patients, which in all cases, did not lead to splenectomy. An important point is also that multiple adjunctive hemostatic measures should be used when a splenic injury is recognized and that a thorough search should ensue when suspicion of an occult splenic injury exists, as an unrecognized splenic injury may lead to severe post operative haemorrhagic complications.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate incidence, risk factors for, and management of intraoperative splenic injury in our laparoscopic patient cohort.PATIENTS AND METHODS• All patients undergoing laparoscopic urological upper tract procedures at two institutions between January 2001 and April 2006 and January 2000 and December 2008, respectively, were retrospectively examined for complications.• From these patients, those with intraoperative splenic injuries were selected and examined.• Possible factors predisposing patients to splenic injury were evaluated and the management plan for each patient was analysed to identify optimal treatment efficacy.RESULTS• Of 2620 patients undergoing upper tract urological laparoscopic surgery, 14 patients (0.5%) sustained splenic injury and underwent left‐sided surgery, 13 via a transperitoneal approach.• In 12 of the 14 patients, the splenic injury was recognized intraoperatively and all were effectively managed laparoscopically with a combination of argon beam coagulation, biological haemostatic agent FloSealTM (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA), and bio‐absorbable Surgicel® (Johnson and Johnson, Somerville, NJ, USA); none of these patients required splenectomy or developed any postoperative complications.• In two patients, the splenic injury was not recognized intraoperatively; both patients presented with delayed haemorrhage necessitating open splenectomy in each instance.CONCLUSIONS• Splenic injuries are uncommon during laparoscopic urological surgery, but when a significant splenic injury occurs, it can be effectively managed laparoscopically, using conservative measures, without need for splenectomy.• If the splenic injury is not recognized intraoperatively, delayed haemorrhage is likely to occur necessitating emergent re‐exploration and splenectomy.• Prompt and accurate intraoperative diagnosis of splenic injury is critical for achieving a good outcome.