bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite Monitoring of Pakistan's Rockslide‐Dammed Lake Gojal
Authors: Kargel Jeffrey S. , Leonard Gregory , Crippen Robert E. , Delaney Keith B. , Evans Stephen G. , Schneider Jean 
Published: November 2010

On 4 January 2010, a rockslide 1200 meters long, 350 meters wide, and 125 meters high dammed the Hunza River in Attabad, northern Pakistan, and formed Lake Gojal. The initial mass movement of rock killed 20 people and submerged several villages and 22 kilometers of the strategic Karakoram Highway linking Pakistan and China. Tens of thousands of people were displaced or cut off from overland connection with the rest of the country.On 29 May, the lake overflow began to pour through a spillway excavated by Pakistani authorities. On approximately 20 July, the lake attained a maximum depth of 119 meters and a torrent at least 9 meters deep issued over the spillway, according to Pakistan's National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). To date, the natural dam is holding and eroding slowly. However, the threat of a catastrophic outburst flood remains.
Walking Contradictions: Chinese Women Unbound at the Turn of the Century1
Authors: BROADWIN JULIE 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough footbinding ended quickly in urban China once campaigns to eradicate the practice were launched, we cannot assume that reformers' depictions of boundfoot women mirrored women's actual capabilities or their own understandings of the custom. The turn‐of‐the‐century anti‐footbinding platforms, which characterized the practice as lewd, wasteful, and nationally humiliating, are read against evidence suggesting that women saw values of beauty, morality and productivity embodied within their bound feet.
Underestimation of the expression of cellular prion protein on human red blood cells
Authors: Panigaj Martin , Brouckova Adela , Glierova Hana , Dvorakova Eva , Simak Jan , Vostal Jaroslav G. , Holada Karel 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: Recent transmissions of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease by blood transfusion emphasize the need for the development of prion screening tests. The detection of prions in blood is complicated by the presence of poorly characterized cellular prion protein (PrPC) in both plasma and blood cells. According to published studies, most of PrPC in blood cells resides in platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To clarify conflicting reports about the quantity of PrPC associated with human red blood cells (RBCs), quantitative flow cytometry, Western blot (WB), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure protein levels in healthy donors.RESULTS: RBCs expressed 290 ± 140 molecules of PrPC per cell, assuming equimolar binding of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 6H4 to PrPC. Binding of alternate PrPC MoAbs, FH11 and 3F4, was substantially lower. WB estimated the level of PrPC per cell on RBCs to be just four times lower than in PLTs. A similar level of PrPC was detected using ELISA. The weak binding of commonly used MoAb 3F4 was not caused by PrPC conformation, truncation, or glycosylation, suggesting a covalent modification, likely glycation, of the 3F4 epitope.CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, human RBCs express low but significant amounts of PrPC/cell, which makes them, due to high RBC numbers, major contributors to the pool of cell‐associated PrPC in blood. Previous reports utilizing MoAb 3F4 may have underestimated the amount of PrPC in RBCs. Likewise, screening tests for the presence of the abnormal prion protein in blood may be difficult if the abnormal protein is modified similar to RBC PrPC.
Observer agreement for detection of cardiac arrhythmias on telemetric ECG recordings obtained at rest, during and after exercise in 10 Warmblood horses
Authors: TRACHSEL D. S. , BITSCHNAU C. , WALDERN N. , WEISHAUPT M. A. , SCHWARZWALD C. C. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Frequent supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias during and after exercise are considered pathological in horses. Prevalence of arrhythmias seen in apparently healthy horses is still a matter of debate and may depend on breed, athletic condition and exercise intensity.Objectives: To determine intra‐ and interobserver agreement for detection of arrhythmias at rest, during and after exercise using a telemetric electrocardiography device.Materials and methods: The electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of 10 healthy Warmblood horses (5 of which had an intracardiac catheter in place) undergoing a standardised treadmill exercise test were analysed at rest (R), during warm‐up (W), during exercise (E), as well as during 0–5 min (PE0–5) and 6–45 min (PE6–45) recovery after exercise. The number and time of occurrence of physiological and pathological ‘rhythm events’ were recorded. Events were classified according to origin and mode of conduction. The agreement of 3 independent, blinded observers with different experience in ECG reading was estimated considering time of occurrence and classification of events.Results: For correct timing and classification, intraobserver agreement for observer 1 was 97% (R), 100% (W), 20% (E), 82% (PE0–5) and 100% (PE6–45). Interobserver agreement between observer 1 vs. observer 2 and between observer 1 vs. 3, respectively, was 96 and 92.6% (R), 83 and 31% (W), 0 and 13% (E), 23 and 18% (PE0–5), and 67 and 55% (PE6–45). When including the events with correct timing but disagreement for classification, the intraobserver agreement increased to 94% during PE0–5 and the interobserver agreement reached 83 and 50% (W), 20 and 50% (E), 41 and 47% (PE0–5), and 83.5 and 65% (PE6–45). The interobserver agreement increased with observer experience.Conclusions: Intra‐ and interobserver agreement for recognition and classification of events was good at R, but poor during E and poor‐moderate during recovery periods. These results highlight the limitations of stress ECG in horses and the need for high‐quality recordings and adequate observer training.
Effects of feed deprivation on Standardbred horses fed a forage‐only diet and a 50:50 forage‐oats diet
Authors: CONNYSSON M. , ESSÉN‐GUSTAVSSON B. , LINDBERG J. E. , JANSSON A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:A higher forage allowance to athletic horses might be an alternative to increase health and the gut fluid reservoir. However, more forage might increase bodyweight (bwt) and could therefore be a limitation during competition.Objectives:To investigate the effect of a forage‐only diet (FD) compared to a 50:50 (dry matter basis) forage:oats diet (OD) on bwt, plasma protein concentration and some metabolic plasma parameters during 12 h of feed deprivation.Methods:Twelve adult Standardbred horses in training were used. The 2 diets were fed in 2 experimental periods of 3 weeks each in a crossover design. The last day of each period the horses were fasted for 12 h. The horses were weighed and their water intake measured every day during the trial and every hour during the 12 h feed deprivation. During feed deprivation total plasma protein (TPP), insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, glucose and acetate concentrations were analysed.Results:Bwt and water intake was higher on FD compared to OD. Bwt loss was higher during feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. TPP was lower before and during the last 8 h of feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. Plasma insulin was lower on FD than on OD at feeding and for 5 h during feed deprivation. Plasma NEFA and urea increased on both diets during feed deprivation. Plasma glucose was not affected by diet or feed deprivation.Conclusion:High energy forage diets could be an alternative to high grain diets for athletic horses. The small increase in bwt on FD diminished with feed deprivation and the low TPP concentration indicate a greater potential to use an internal fluid compartment to maintain plasma volume.
Germline Variation in Apoptosis Pathway Genes and Risk of Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Kelly Jennifer L. , Novak Anne J. , Fredericksen Zachary S. , Liebow Mark , Ansell Stephen M. , Dogan Ahmet , Wang Alice H. , Witzig Thomas E. , Call Timothy G. , Kay Neil E. , Habermann Thomas M. , Slager Susan L. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background: The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is the most commonly observed chromosomal translocation in non–Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), resulting in constitutive Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis inhibition. In addition, germline variation in both BCL2L11 (BIM) and CASP9, known regulators of apoptosis, has recently been linked to NHL risk. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 36 apoptosis pathway genes with risk of NHL.
Methods: We genotyped 226 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 36 candidate genes in a clinic-based study of 441 newly diagnosed NHL cases and 475 frequency-matched controls. We used principal components analysis to assess gene-level associations, and logistic regression to assess SNP-level associations. MACH was used for imputation of SNPs in BCL2L11 and CASP9.
Results: In gene-level analyses, BCL2L11 (P = 0.0019), BCLAF1 (P = 0.0097), BAG5 (P = 0.026), and CASP9 (P = 0.0022) were associated with NHL risk after accounting for multiple testing (tail strength, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.70). Two of the five BCL2L11 tagSNPs (rs6746608 and rs12613243), both genotyped BCLAF1 tagSNPs (rs797558 and rs703193), the single genotyped BAG5 tagSNP (rs7693), and three of the seven genotyped CASP9 tagSNPs (rs6685648, rs2020902, and rs2042370) were significant at P &lt; 0.05. We successfully imputed BCL2L11 and CASP9 SNPs previously linked to NHL, and replicated all four BCL2L11 and two of three CASP9 SNPs.
Conclusion: We replicated the association of BCL2L11 and CASP9 with NHL risk at the gene and SNP level, and identified novel associations with BCLAF1 and BAG5.
Impact: Closer evaluation of germline variation of genes in the apoptosis pathway with risk of NHL and its subtypes is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2847–58. ©2010 AACR.
Sedentary Behavior and Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Proposed Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Lynch Brigid M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: Sedentary behavior (prolonged sitting or reclining characterized by low energy expenditure) is associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles and premature cardiovascular mortality. Less is known for cancer risk. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the research on sedentary behavior and cancer, to summarize possible biological pathways that may underlie these associations, and to propose an agenda for future research.Methods: Articles pertaining to sedentary behavior and (a) cancer outcomes and (b) mechanisms that may underlie the associations between sedentary behavior and cancer were retrieved using Ovid and Web of Science databases.Results: The literature review identified 18 articles pertaining to sedentary behavior and cancer risk, or to sedentary behavior and health outcomes in cancer survivors. Ten of these studies found statistically significant, positive associations between sedentary behavior and cancer outcomes. Sedentary behavior was associated with increased colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancer risk; cancer mortality in women; and weight gain in colorectal cancer survivors. The review of the literature on sedentary behavior and biological pathways supported the hypothesized role of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction as mechanisms operant in the association between sedentary behavior and cancer.Conclusions: Sedentary behavior is ubiquitous in contemporary society; its role in relation to cancer risk should be a research priority. Improving conceptualization and measurement of sedentary behavior is necessary to enhance validity of future work.Impact: Reducing sedentary behavior may be a viable new cancer control strategy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2691–709. ©2010 AACR.
Characterization of Five Different Implant Surfaces and Their Effect on Osseointegration: A Study in Dogs
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Bonfante Estevam A. , Pessoa Roberto S. , Marin Charles , Granato Rodrigo , Giro Gabriela , Witek Lukasz , Suzuki Marcelo 
Published: November 2010

Background: Chemical modification of implant surface is typically associated with surface topographic alterations that may affect early osseointegration. This study investigates the effects of controlled surface alterations in early osseointegration in an animal model.Methods: Five implant surfaces were evaluated: 1) alumina‐blasting, 2) biologic blasting, 3) plasma, 4) microblasted resorbable blasting media (microblasted RBM), and 5) alumina‐blasting/acid‐etched (AB/AE). Surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry, and chemical assessment by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The implants were placed in the radius of six dogs, remaining 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. After euthanization, specimens were torqued‐to‐interface failure and non‐decalcified‐processed for histomorphologic bone–implant contact, and bone area fraction–occupied evaluation. Statistical evaluation was performed by one‐way analysis of variance (P <0.05) and post hoc testing by the Tukey test.Results: The alumina‐blasting surface presented the highest average surface roughness and mean root square of the surface values, the biologic blasting the lowest, and AB/AE an intermediate value. The remaining surfaces presented intermediate values between the biologic blasting and AB/AE. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed calcium and phosphorus for the biologic blasting and microblasted RBM surfaces, and the highest oxygen levels for the plasma, microblasted RBM, and AB/AE surfaces. Significantly higher torque was observed at 2 weeks for the microblasted RBM surface (P <0.04), but no differences existed between surfaces at 4 weeks (P >0.74). No significant differences in bone–implant contact and bone area fraction–occupied values were observed at 2 and 4 weeks.Conclusion: The five surfaces were osteoconductive and resulted in high degrees of osseointegration and biomechanical fixation.
Capsaicin induces degeneration of cutaneous autonomic nerve fibers
Authors: Gibbons Christopher H. , Wang Ningshan , Freeman Roy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of topical application of capsaicin on cutaneous autonomic nerves.MethodsThirty‐two healthy subjects underwent occlusive application of 0.1% capsaicin cream (or placebo) for 48 hours. Subjects were followed for 6 months with serial assessments of sudomotor, vasomotor, pilomotor, and sensory function with simultaneous assessment of innervation through skin biopsies.ResultsThere were reductions in sudomotor, vasomotor, pilomotor, and sensory function in capsaicin‐treated subjects (p < 0.01 vs. placebo). Sensory function declined more rapidly than autonomic function, reaching a nadir by Day 6, whereas autonomic function reached a nadir by Day 16. There were reductions in sudomotor, vasomotor, pilomotor, and sensory nerve fiber densities in capsaicin‐treated subjects (p < 0.01 vs. placebo). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density declined maximally by 6 days, whereas autonomic nerve fiber densities reached maximal degeneration by Day 16. Conversely, autonomic nerves generally regenerated more rapidly than sensory nerves, requiring 40–50 days to return to baseline levels, whereas sensory fibers required 140–150 days to return to baseline.InterpretationTopical capsaicin leads to degeneration of sudomotor, vasomotor, and pilomotor nerves accompanied by impairment of sudomotor, vasomotor, and pilomotor function. These results suggest the susceptibility and/or pathophysiologic mechanisms of nerve damage may differ between autonomic and sensory nerve fibers treated with capsaicin and enhances the capsaicin model for the study of disease‐modifying agents. The data suggest caution should be taken when topical capsaicin is applied to skin surfaces at risk for ulceration, particularly in neuropathic conditions characterized by sensory and autonomic impairment. ANN NEUROL 2010
Variants at APOE influence risk of deep and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Biffi Alessandro , Sonni Akshata , Anderson Christopher D. , Kissela Brett , Jagiella Jeremiasz M. , Schmidt Helena , Jimenez‐Conde Jordi , Hansen Björn M. , Fernandez‐Cadenas Israel , Cortellini Lynelle , Ayres Alison , Schwab Kristin , Juchniewicz Karol , Urbanik Andrzej , Rost Natalia S. , Viswanathan Anand , Seifert‐Held Thomas , Stoegerer Eva‐Maria , Tomás Marta , Rabionet Raquel , Estivill Xavier , Brown Devin L. , Silliman Scott L. , Selim Magdy , Worrall Bradford B. , Meschia James F. , Montaner Joan , Lindgren Arne , Roquer Jaume , Schmidt Reinhold , Greenberg Steven M. , Slowik Agnieszka , Broderick Joseph P. , Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan ,   on behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivePrior studies investigating the association between APOE alleles ε2/ε4 and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been inconsistent and limited to small sample sizes, and did not account for confounding by population stratification or determine which genetic risk model was best applied.MethodsWe performed a large‐scale genetic association study of 2189 ICH cases and 4041 controls from 7 cohorts, which were analyzed using additive models for ε2 and ε4. Results were subsequently meta‐analyzed using a random effects model. A proportion of the individuals (322 cases, 357 controls) had available genome‐wide data to adjust for population stratification.ResultsAlleles ε2 and ε4 were associated with lobar ICH at genome‐wide significance levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–2.23, p = 6.6 × 10−10; and OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.85–2.63, p = 2.4 × 10−11, respectively). Restriction of analysis to definite/probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH uncovered a stronger effect. Allele ε4 was also associated with increased risk for deep ICH (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.36, p = 2.6 × 10−4). Risk prediction evaluation identified the additive model as best for describing the effect of APOE genotypes.InterpretationAPOE ε2 and ε4 are independent risk factors for lobar ICH, consistent with their known associations with amyloid biology. In addition, we present preliminary findings on a novel association between APOE ε4 and deep ICH. Finally, we demonstrate that an additive model for these APOE variants is superior to other forms of genetic risk modeling previously applied. ANN NEUROL 2010
Applications of wittig reactions in dibenzo 18‐crown‐6‐ether substituted phenylenevinylene oligomer—synthesis, photo luminescent, and dielectric properties
Authors: Karpagam Subramanian , Guhanathan Selvam , Sakthivel Pachagounder 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel phenylenevinylene oligomer substituted dibenzo 18‐crown‐6 ether ring (DB‐OPV) was synthesized using dibenzo 18‐crown‐6 with terephthaldicarboxaldehyde via Wittig reaction. Formation of the oligomer was confirmed by spectral (FT‐IR, 1H and13C‐NMR), gel‐permeation chromatography and elemental analysis. The morphology of the oligomer film of one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional architectures was observed using atomic force microscopy. The oligomer showed excellent photoluminescence with bluish green emission maxima at shorter wavelengths of 505 nm. Stability of the oligomer was analyzed using UV spectroscopy with varying time and temperature. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant and loss factor for the oligomer have also been studied with respect to change of frequency (50 Hz–5 MHz) and temperature (30–60°C). The value of dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency, which indicates that the major contribution to the polarization comes from orientation polarization. The value of dielectric constant increased with increasing temperature which is due to greater freedom of movement of the dipole molecular chains within the oligomer at high temperature © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) gels with an amino functional group
Authors: Lee Bae Hoon , Song Soo‐Chang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) gels have been synthesized with a host of side groups, including α‐amino‐ω‐methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol), hydrophobic amino acid esters (PheOEt, LeuOEt, and IleuOEt), depsipeptide ethyl ester (GlyGlycOEt), and lysine ethyl ester (lysOEt). The fraction of the last side group, lysOEt, which possesses two amine functional groups, was designed to be in the range of 0.1–0.3 mol per polymer unit. The poly(organophosphazenes) have been characterized via 1H‐ and 31P‐NMR spectroscopies, GPC, and elemental analysis. The phase transition behavior of the poly(organophosphazenes) in aqueous solution has been determined via viscometry. Some of the poly(organophosphazenes) with amino functional groups exhibit reversible sol–gel transitions at temperatures near those of the human body, when in aqueous solution. These polymers form a sol at lower temperatures, and become gels at higher temperatures. Also, these polymer solutions have been found to behave generally like Newtonian fluids in the sol state, but appear to exhibit pseudoplastic qualities in the gel state. The polymers possessing depsipeptide ethyl esters (ethyl‐2‐(O‐glycyl)glycolate) as a side group tend to exhibit much higher degradation rates under physiological conditions than do those which lack the depsipeptide ethyl ester group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120:998–1005, 2011
Synthesis of copper–polystyrene nanocomposite particles using water in supercritical carbon dioxide medium and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Kamrupi Isha R. , Dolui S. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCopper‐encapsulated polystyrene nanocomposite particles were prepared through ex situ dispersion of Cu nanoparticles into monomer droplets and subsequent polymerization using water in supercritical carbon dioxide (water‐in‐sc‐CO2) at 70°C. First, colloidal dispersion of copper nanoparticles was synthesized by chemical reduction of copper chloride (CuCl2) using sodium borohydrate (NaBH4) as reducing agent. Colloidal dispersion of copper nanoparticles was added slowly during the polymerization of styrene using water‐in‐sc‐CO2 medium at 70°C and 20.68 MPa. Cu nanoparticle encapsulated polymer particles were characterized by UV, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, and TEM. Cu nanoparticles were uniformly distributed inside the polymer matrix during the polymerization process. This work represents a simple way to prepare a variety of metal nanoparticles encapsulated polymer particles using water‐in‐sc‐CO2 medium. The Cu/polystyrene nanocomposite particles exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of bacteria. The current work represents a simple, cheap and universal way to prepare a variety of metal–polymer nanocomposite materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011