bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No benefit of direct anterior over posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty using dual-mobility acetabular component for femoral neck fracture
Authors: Peuchot Henri , Jacquet Christophe , Fabre-Aubrespy Maxime , Ferguson David , Ollivier Matthieu , Flecher Xavier , Argenson Jean-Noel 
Published: May 2024

AimsDual-mobility acetabular components (DMCs) have improved total hip arthroplasty (THA) stability in femoral neck fractures (FNFs). In osteoarthritis, the direct anterior approach (DAA) has been promoted for improving early functional results compared with the posterolateral approach (PLA). The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in FNF using DMC-THA.MethodsA prospective continuous cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing operation for FNF using DMC by DAA or PLA. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Parker score at three months and one year. Perioperative complications were recorded, and radiological component positioning evaluated.ResultsThere were 50 patients in the DAA group and 54 in the PLA group. The mean HHS was 85.5 (SD 8.8) for the DAA group and 81.8 (SD 11.9) for the PLA group (p = 0.064). In all, 35 patients in the DAA group and 40 in the PLA group returned to their pre-fracture Parker score (p = 0.641) in both groups. No statistically significant differences between groups were found at one year regarding these two scores (p = 0.062 and p = 0.723, respectively). The DAA was associated with more intraoperative complications (p = 0.013). There was one dislocation in each group, and four revisions for DAA and one for PLA, but this difference was not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences regarding blood loss, length of stay, or operating time.ConclusionIn DMC-THA for FNF, DAA did not achieve better functional results than PLA, either at three months or at one year. Moreover, DAA presented an increased risk of intra-operative complications.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):133–138.
Cup-cage constructs in revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic discontinuity
Authors: Chaudhry Faran , Daud Anser , Greenberg Arieh , Braunstein Doris , Safir Oleg A. , Gross Allan E. , Kuzyk Paul R. 
Published: May 2024

AimsPelvic discontinuity is a challenging acetabular defect without a consensus on surgical management. Cup-cage reconstruction is an increasingly used treatment strategy. The present study evaluated implant survival, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications associated with the cup-cage construct.MethodsWe included 53 cup-cage construct (51 patients) implants used for hip revision procedures for pelvic discontinuity between January 2003 and January 2022 in this retrospective review. Mean age at surgery was 71.8 years (50.0 to 92.0; SD 10.3), 43/53 (81.1%) were female, and mean follow-up was 6.4 years (0.02 to 20.0; SD 4.6). Patients were implanted with a Trabecular Metal Revision Shell with either a ZCA cage (n = 12) or a TMARS cage (n = 40, all Zimmer Biomet). Pelvic discontinuity was diagnosed on preoperative radiographs and/or intraoperatively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, with failure defined as revision of the cup-cage reconstruction.ResultsThe five-year all-cause survival for cup-cage reconstruction was 73.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 61.4 to 85.4), while the ten- and 15-year survival was 63.7% (95% CI 46.8 to 80.6). Survival due to aseptic loosening was 93.4% (95% CI 86.2 to 100.0) at five, ten, and 15 years. The rate of revision for aseptic loosening, infection, and dislocation was 3/53 (5.7%), 7/53 (13.2%), and 6/53 (11.3%), respectively. The mean leg length discrepancy improved (p < 0.001) preoperatively from a mean of 18.2 mm (0 to 80; SD 15.8) to 7.0 mm (0 to 35; SD 9.8) at latest follow-up. The horizontal and vertical hip centres improved (p < 0.001) preoperatively from a mean of 9.2 cm (5.6 to 17.5; SD 2.3) to 10.1 cm (6.2 to 13.4; SD 2.1) and 9.3 cm (4.7 to 15.8; SD 2.5) to 8.0 cm (3.7 to 12.3; SD 1.7), respectively.ConclusionCup-cage reconstruction provides acceptable outcomes in the management of pelvic discontinuity. One in four constructs undergo revision within five years, most commonly for periprosthetic joint infection, dislocation, or aseptic loosening.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):66–73.
Clinical consensus recommendations for the non-surgical treatment of children with Perthes’ disease in the UK
Authors: Galloway Adam M. , Keene David J. , Anderson Anna , Holton Colin , Redmond Anthony C. , Siddle Heidi J. , Richards Suzanne , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to produce clinical consensus recommendations about the non-surgical treatment of children with Perthes’ disease. The recommendations are intended to support clinical practice in a condition for which there is no robust evidence to guide optimal care.MethodsA two-round, modified Delphi study was conducted online. An advisory group of children’s orthopaedic specialists consisting of physiotherapists, surgeons, and clinical nurse specialists designed a survey. In the first round, participants also had the opportunity to suggest new statements. The survey included statements related to ‘Exercises’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Education/information sharing’, ‘Input from other services’, and ‘Monitoring assessments’. The survey was shared with clinicians who regularly treat children with Perthes’ disease in the UK using clinically relevant specialist groups and social media. A predetermined threshold of ≥ 75% for consensus was used for recommendation, with a threshold of between 70% and 75% being considered as ‘points to consider’.ResultsA total of 40 participants took part in the first round, of whom 31 completed the second round. A total of 87 statements were generated by the advisory group and included in the first round, at the end of which 31 achieved consensus and were removed from the survey, and an additional four statements were generated. A total of 60 statements were included in the second round and 45 achieved the threshold for consensus from both rounds, with three achieving the threshold for ‘points to consider’. The recommendations predominantly included self-management, particularly relating to advice about exercise and education for children with Perthes’ disease and their families.ConclusionChildren’s orthopaedic specialists have reached consensus on recommendations for non-surgical treatment in Perthes’ disease. These statements will support decisions made in clinical practice and act as a foundation to support clinicians in the absence of robust evidence. The dissemination of these findings and the best way of delivering this care needs careful consideration, which we will continue to explore.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):501–507.
Prognostic factors associated with failure of total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Hamoodi Zaid , Gehringer Celina K. , Bull Lucy M. , Hughes Tom , Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Sergeant Jamie C. , Watts Adam C. 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aims of this study were to identify and evaluate the current literature examining the prognostic factors which are associated with failure of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA).MethodsElectronic literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane. All studies reporting prognostic estimates for factors associated with the revision of a primary TEA were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. Due to low quality of the evidence and the heterogeneous nature of the studies, a narrative synthesis was used.ResultsA total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, investigating 28 possible prognostic factors. Most QUIPS domains (84%) were rated as moderate to high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence was low or very low for all prognostic factors. In low-quality evidence, prognostic factors with consistent associations with failure of TEA in more than one study were: the sequelae of trauma leading to TEA, either independently or combined with acute trauma, and male sex. Several other studies investigating sex reported no association. The evidence for other factors was of very low quality and mostly involved exploratory studies.ConclusionThe current evidence investigating the prognostic factors associated with failure of TEA is of low or very low quality, and studies generally have a moderate to high risk of bias. Prognostic factors are subject to uncertainty, should be interpreted with caution, and are of little clinical value. Higher-quality evidence is required to determine robust prognostic factors for failure of TEA.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(5):201–213.
Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty improves functional outcomes, complications, and revisions
Authors: Bensa Alessandro , Sangiorgio Alessandro , Deabate Luca , Illuminati Andrea , Pompa Benedetta , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AimsRobotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (R-UKA) has been proposed as an approach to improve the results of the conventional manual UKA (C-UKA). The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the studies comparing R-UKA and C-UKA in terms of clinical outcomes, radiological results, operating time, complications, and revisions.MethodsThe literature search was conducted on three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science) on 20 February 2024 according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria were comparative studies, written in the English language, with no time limitations, on the comparison of R-UKA and C-UKA. The quality of each article was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist for Measuring Quality.ResultsAmong the 3,669 articles retrieved, 21 studies on 19 series of patients were included. A total of 3,074 patients (59.5% female and 40.5% male; mean age 65.2 years (SD 3.9); mean BMI 27.4 kg/m2 (SD 2.2)) were analyzed. R-UKA obtained a superior Knee Society Score improvement compared to C-UKA (mean difference (MD) 4.9; p < 0.001) and better Forgotten Joint Score postoperative values (MD 5.5; p = 0.032). The analysis of radiological outcomes did not find a statistically significant difference between the two approaches. R-UKA showed longer operating time (MD 15.6; p < 0.001), but reduced complication and revision rates compared to C-UKA (5.2% vs 10.1% and 4.1% vs 7.2%, respectively).ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that the robotic approach for UKA provided a significant improvement in functional outcomes compared to the conventional manual technique. R-UKA showed similar radiological results and longer operating time, but reduced complication and revision rates compared to C-UKA. Overall, R-UKA seems to provide relevant benefits over C-UKA in the management of patients undergoing UKA.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):374–384.
Axially slow-variation microbubble resonators fabricated by an improved arc discharge method for strain sensing applications
Authors: Lv Gan , Xie Chengfeng , Wang Mengyu , Guo Zhuang , Wei Bin , Shi Jiulin , He Xingdao 
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we proposed an axially slow-variation microbubble resonator fabricated by an improved arc discharge method and applied to axial strain sensing. The prepared resonators are characterized by ultra-thin wall thickness and axial slow-variation. The wall thickness was experimentally measured to reach 938 nm and maintain a quality factor of an optical mode as large as 7.36 ×107. The main factors affecting the strain sensitivity of the microbubble resonators are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Experimentally, the maximum sensitivity measured was 13.08pm/µε, which is three times higher than the microbubble resonators without this method. The device is simple to prepare and possesses ultra-thin wall thickness. It is promising for applications in high-precision sensing, such as single molecule and biological sensing.
Evaluation of mucosal-associated invariant T-cells as a potential biomarker to predict infection risk in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Bengtsson Bonnie , Maucourant Christopher , Sandberg Johan K. , Björkström Niklas K. , Hagström Hannes 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims
Infection is a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are involved in the immune defense against infections and known to be impaired in several chronic conditions, including cirrhosis. Here, we evaluated if MAIT cell levels in peripheral blood are associated with risk of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
Patients with cirrhosis seen at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 2016 and 2019 were included. Levels of MAIT cells in peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry. Baseline and follow-up data after at least two years of follow-up were collected by chart review for the primary outcome (bacterial infection) and secondary outcomes (decompensation and death). Competing risk and Cox regression were performed.

Results
We included 106 patients with cirrhosis. The median MAIT cells fraction in the circulation was 0.8% in cirrhosis compared to 6.1% in healthy controls. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found an association in the adjusted analysis between relatively preserved MAIT cell levels, and a slightly higher risk to develop bacterial infections (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR) 1.15 (95%CI = 1.01–1.31). However, MAIT cell levels were not associated with the risk of hepatic decompensation (aSHR 1.19 (95%CI = 0.91–1.56)) nor with death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.10 (95%CI = 0.97–1.22)).

Conclusions
Relatively preserved MAIT cell levels in blood of patients with cirrhosis were associated with a somewhat higher risk of bacterial infections. The clinical relevance of this might not be strong. MAIT cells might however be an interesting biomarker to explore in future studies.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with symptomatic chronic myocardial injury in a Tanzanian emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Rahim Faraan O. , Sakita Francis M. , Coaxum Lauren A. , Kweka Godfrey L. , Loring Zak , Mlangi Jerome J. , Galson Sophie W. , Tarimo Tumsifu G. , Temu Gloria , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Hertz Julian T 
Published: May 2024

Background
Chronic myocardial injury is a condition defined by stably elevated cardiac biomarkers without acute myocardial ischemia. Although studies from high-income countries have reported that chronic myocardial injury predicts adverse prognosis, there are no published data about the condition in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Between November 2020 and January 2023, adult patients with chest pain or shortness of breath were recruited from an emergency department in Moshi, Tanzania. Medical history and point-of-care troponin T (cTnT) assays were obtained from participants; those whose initial and three-hour repeat cTnT values were abnormally elevated but within 11% of each other were defined as having chronic myocardial injury. Mortality was assessed thirty days following enrollment.

Results
Of 568 enrolled participants, 81 (14.3%) had chronic myocardial injury, 73 (12.9%) had acute myocardial injury, and 412 (72.5%) had undetectable cTnT values. Of participants with chronic myocardial injury, the mean (± sd) age was 61.5 (± 17.2) years, and the most common comorbidities were CKD (n = 65, 80%) and hypertension (n = 60, 74%). After adjusting for CKD, thirty-day mortality rates (38% vs. 36%, aOR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.52–2.03, p = 0.931) were similar between participants with chronic myocardial injury and those with acute myocardial injury, but significantly greater (38% vs. 13.6%, aOR 3.63, 95% CI: 1.98–6.65, p<0.001) among participants with chronic myocardial injury than those with undetectable cTnT values.

Conclusion
In Tanzania, chronic myocardial injury is a poor prognostic indicator associated with high risk of short-term mortality. Clinicians practicing in this region should triage patients with stably elevated cTn levels in light of their increased risk.
Meta-analysis: on average, undergraduate students’ intelligence is merely average
Authors: Uttl Bob , Violo Victoria , Gibson Lacey 
Published: May 2024

Background:
According to a widespread belief, the average IQ of university students is 115 to 130 IQ points, that is, substantially higher than the average IQ of the general population (M = 100, SD = 15). We traced the origin of this belief to obsolete intelligence data collected in 1940s and 1950s when university education was the privilege of a few. Examination of more recent IQ data indicate that IQ of university students and university graduates dropped to the average of the general population. The decline in students’ IQ is a necessary consequence of increasing educational attainment over the last 80 years. Today, graduating from university is more common than completing high school in the 1940s.

Method:
We conducted a meta-analysis of the mean IQ scores of college and university students samples tested with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between 1939 and 2022.

Results:
The results show that the average IQ of undergraduate students today is a mere 102 IQ points and declined by approximately 0.2 IQ points per year. The students’ IQ also varies substantially across universities and is correlated with the selectivity of universities (measured by average SAT scores of admitted students).

Discussion:
These findings have wide-ranging implications. First, universities and professors need to realize that students are no longer extraordinary but merely average, and have to adjust curricula and academic standards. Second, employers can no longer rely on applicants with university degrees to be more capable or smarter than those without degrees. Third, students need to realize that acceptance into university is no longer an invitation to join an elite group. Fourth, the myth of brilliant undergraduate students in scientific and popular literature needs to be dispelled. Fifth, estimating premorbid IQ based on educational attainment is vastly inaccurate, obsolete, not evidence based, and mere wishful thinking. Sixth, obsolete IQ data or tests ought not to be used to make high-stakes decisions about individuals, for example, by clinical psychologists to opine about the intelligence and cognitive abilities of their clients.
PELANGGARAN TERHADAP KARYA CIPTA SENI LUKIS I NYOMAN GUNARSA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DENPASAR (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : 244/Pid.B/2001/PN.Dps)
Authors: Arini Ni Kade 
Published: May 2024

PELANGGARAN TERHADAP KARYA CIPTA SENI LUKIS I NYOMAN GUNARSA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DENPASAR (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : 244/Pid.B/2001/PN.Dps)
cohabitation en mixité sociale
Authors: Courcy Isabelle , Jeanneret Nuria , Forgeot d'Arc Baudouin 
Published: May 2024

L’inclusion des personnes autistes dans la communauté est un élément essentiel à considérer dans le développement de projets résidentiels qui leur sont destinés. La cohabitation en mixité sociale est une approche intéressante pour favoriser cette inclusion dans la communauté. Toutefois, peu de recherches ont été menées à ce jour sur ce que souhaitent les personnes autistes en matière de logement et d’habitation. Encore plus rares sont celles qui abordent la question sous l’angle de la cohabitation en mixité sociale. Qu’en disent les personnes autistes ? Sont-elles intéressées à cohabiter avec des familles, des personnes de différentes générations ou des personnes étudiantes ? En collaboration avec un organisme communautaire en autisme, un sondage a été réalisé (n = 370). Les résultats indiquent qu’environ 4 personnes sur 5 sont intéressées à cohabiter dans un projet résidentiel en mixité sociale composée de personnes autistes et de personnes non autistes. Cet intérêt varie peu selon les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les besoins de soutien ou d’accompagnement à la vie autonome. L’analyse qualitative des commentaires offre des pistes pour mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes sont intéressées (ou non) à cohabiter en mixité sociale. Les résultats montrent que la cohabitation en mixité sociale est un modèle qui pourrait convenir à plusieurs, mais que des défis sont craints en raison du manque de connaissance perçu de la population générale à l’égard des différentes réalités de l’autisme.
Test-Training Integration to Optimize Performance and Health in Baseball Pitchers: An Outcome Driven Approach
Authors: Morrison Gus , Ashworth Ben , Read Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Upper-limb injuries are common among baseball pitchers, creating significant time loss for the player and financial loss for the team. Multiple studies have outlined the kinetics and kinematics of a baseball pitch, and many of which evaluate testing or training methods to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. However, a systematic approach that integrates testing and training to optimize health and performance in baseball pitchers has not been presented. The aims of this article are threefold: (a) analyze the sport demands to identify the key biomechanical requirements and injury epidemiology; (b) present a test battery to examine the components identified in the needs analysis; and (c) develop a progressive sequence of exercises related to each of the assessments performed, which can then be used to formulate an athletic training program.
Water and Sanitation Access for Children in Alabama
Authors: Poole Claudette L. , Hutson Chatham Amy , Kimberlin David W. , Hartzes Anastasia , Brown Joe 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Safe drinking water and closed sanitation are fundamental to health and are assumed in the United States, however, gaps remain, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. We sought to describe household sanitation access for children in rural Alabama and local health provider knowledge of sanitation related health concerns.

METHODS
Data were collected from self-administered surveys obtained from children enrolled in a larger cross-sectional study to determine soil transmitted helminthiasis prevalence in Alabama, from a survey of health providers from local federally qualified health centers and from a baseline knowledge check of Alabama health providers enrolled in an online sanitation health course.

RESULTS
Surveys completed on 771 children (approximately 10% of county pediatric population) revealed less than half lived in homes connected to centralized sewers; 12% reported “straight-pipes,” a method of discharging untreated sewage to the ground outside the home, and 8% reported sewage contamination of their home property in the past year. Additionally, 15% of respondents were likely to use well water. The local health providers surveyed did not include routine screening for water and sanitation failures or associated infections. Regional healthcare providers have limited knowledge of soil transmitted helminthiasis.

CONCLUSIONS
A significant number of children from rural counties of Alabama with high rates of poverty reside in homes with water and sanitation challenges that predominantly affect African American families. This is an under-recognized health risk by local health providers, and its contribution to well-documented health disparities in this region is poorly understood.