bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrite–sulfosalt reactions and semimetal fractionation in the Chinkuashih, Taiwan, copper–gold deposit: a 1 Ma paleo‐fumarole
Authors: HENLEY R. W. , BERGER B. R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe mineralized fracture system that underlay paleo‐fumarole field at Chinkuashih, Taiwan has been exposed by copper–gold mining to depths of about 550 m below the paleo‐surface. Its mineralogy and systematic variations in metal and semimetal (Fe, Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Pb, Se, Te, Au, Ag) concentrations provide insights into the chemical responses of a magmatic‐vapor phase as it expands through fracture arrays to the surface and discharges as fumaroles associated with more extensive solfatara. At Chinkuashih, following initial sealing of the fractures by silica‐alunite alteration, brittle failure reestablished discharge from an underlying reservoir of magmatic vapor. Crystalline pyrite was deposited first in the fractures and was succeeded and replaced by ‘enargite’ (Cu3(As,Sb)S4) as sulfosalt encrustations (‘sublimate’) on fracture surfaces and in extensional cracks. Subsequent recrystallization resulted in complex exsolution intergrowths with antimony fractionation to the evolving crystal–vapor interface. Heavy metal fractionation between sulfosalt and vapor enriched the vapor phase in heavy metals that subsequently precipitated as complex Bi–Hg–Sn sulfosalts in discrete areas (paleo‐fumaroles) close to the paleo‐surface in a manner analogous to modern‐day fumaroles on active volcanoes such as Vulcano, Italy. As in similar paleo‐fumaroles (e.g., El Indio, Chile and Lepanto, Philippines), the most characteristic reaction sequence is the partial replacement of the early pyrite by enargite and Fe‐tennantite. It is proposed that this reaction tracks the decrease in the pressure of the underlying magmatic‐vapor reservoir because of the sustained discharge of vapor to the surface.
Long‐term cognitive outcomes of infants born moderately and late preterm
Authors: ODD DAVID EDWARD , EMOND ALAN , WHITELAW ANDREW 
Published: May 2012

Aim  To investigate whether infants born late preterm have poorer cognitive outcomes than term‐born infants.Method  A cohort study based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Cognitive measures were assessed between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Exposure groups were defined as moderate/late preterm (32–36 weeks’ gestation) or term (37–42wk). Regression models were used to investigate the association between gestational age and IQ.Results  Seven hundred and forty‐one infants (5.4% of total eligible population; 422 males, 319 females; mean (SD) birthweight 2495g [489]) were born between 32 and 36 weeks’ gestation. The analysis was based on 6957 infants with IQ data at age 11 (50% of eligible infants). In the adjusted model, children born moderately and late preterm had similar IQ scores to peers born at term (mean difference [95% confidence interval] −0.18 [−1.88 to 1.52]). However, the preterm infants had a higher risk of having special educational needs at school (odds ratio 1.56 [1.18–2.07]).Interpretation  Despite an increased risk of special educational needs, there is little evidence of a reduction in IQ, memory, or attention measures at school age in children born between 32 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Although interpretation is limited by the amount of missing data, further work is needed to identify why these infants have increased educational needs.
Factors affecting decision making about fertility preservation after cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study
Authors: Peddie VL , Porter MA , Barbour R , Culligan D , MacDonald G , King D , Horn J , Bhattacharya S 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Peddie V, Porter M, Barbour R, Culligan D, MacDonald G, King D, Horn J, Bhattacharya S. Factors affecting decision making about fertility preservation after cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study. BJOG 2012;119:1049–1057.Objective  To increase our understanding of factors underlying the decision to store gametes after the diagnosis of cancer.Design  Qualitative interview study.Setting  Andrology, Haematology, and Oncology Departments of a Scottish teaching hospital, and patients’ own homes.Population  Sixteen men and 18 women aged 17–49 years recently diagnosed with cancer; 15 health professionals concerned in cancer care.Methods  Audio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Topics included perceptions of diagnosis; prognosis; future reproductive choices; priorities; quality of information received; communication and decisions made about future reproductive choices; and the role of partners, family, friends and healthcare professionals. Professional interviews examined their role in decision making and that of protocols and guidelines, together with information emerging from patient interview analysis.Main outcome measure  Themes identified following analysis of interview transcripts.Results  The primary barriers to pursuing fertility preservation were the way in which information was provided and the ‘urgent need for treatment’ conveyed by staff. Survival was always viewed as paramount, with future fertility secondary. Sperm banking was viewed as ‘part and parcel’ of oncology care, and the majority of men quickly stored sperm as ‘insurance’ against future infertility. Few women were afforded the opportunity to discuss their options, reflecting clinicians’ reservations about the experimental nature of egg and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and the need for partner involvement in embryo storage.Conclusions  Significant gaps in the information provided to young women diagnosed with cancer suggest the need for an early appointment with a fertility expert.
Neurotrophic actions initiated by proNGF in adult sensory neurons may require peri‐somatic glia to drive local cleavage to NGF
Authors: Kalous Adrianna , Nangle Matthew R. , Anastasia Agustin , Hempstead Barbara L. , Keast Janet R. 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 523–536.AbstractThe nerve growth factor (NGF) precursor, proNGF, is implicated in various neuropathological states. ProNGF signals apoptosis by forming a complex with the receptors p75 and sortilin, however, it can also induce neurite growth, proposed to be mediated by the receptor of mature NGF, tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA). The way in which these dual effects occur in adult neurons is unclear. We investigated the neurotrophic effects of proNGF on peptidergic sensory neurons isolated from adult mouse dorsal root ganglia and found that proNGF stimulated neurite extension and branching, requiring p75, sortilin and TrkA. Neurite growth rarely occurred in sortilin‐expressing neurons but was commonly observed in TrkA‐positive, sortilin‐negative neurons that associated closely with sortilin‐positive glia. ProNGF was unable to induce local trophic effects at growth cones where sortilin‐positive glia was absent. We propose that in adult sensory neurons the neurotrophic response to proNGF is mediated by NGF and TrkA, and that peri‐somatic glia may participate in sortilin‐ and p‐75 dependent cleavage of proNGF. The potential ability of local glial cells to provide a targeted supply of NGF may provide an important way to promote trophic (rather than apoptotic) outcomes under conditions where regeneration or sprouting is required.
Family–school nurse partnership in primary school health care
Authors: Mäenpää Tiina , Paavilainen Eija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: May 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 195–202

Family–school nurse partnership in primary school health care
Background:  The foundation of the health and well‐being of a child in primary school age is the family. To promote the child’s comprehensive health, we must develop the cooperation between the family and the primary school nurse.Aim:  The aim of the study was to develop a family nursing oriented substantive theory of cooperation between primary school nurses and families.Method:  The study used grounded theory based on Straussian principles. Data were collected from sixth‐graders (N = 22) using group discussions. Interviews were conducted with parents (N = 19), and the views of school nurses (N = 20) on their cooperation with families were obtained via free form essays.Findings:  The core concept of the theory describing cooperation between primary school nurses and families is problem‐based communication. As a result of the analysis, nine‐2‐dimensional concepts were formed to describe this cooperation. The theory is structured further by four dimensions, which contain concepts explaining them and which also describe the relationships between the different concepts. These dimensions are the meeting between the school nurse and the family, mutual exchange of information, attending to the child’s health monitoring and being at school for the child and family. The substantive theory describing cooperation between the primary school nurse and family entails the concepts formed in the analysis, their interrelationships, as well as, the core concept.Conclusions:  Primary school nurses can apply the resulting theory while working with families and while developing this cooperation. This theory can also be implemented in developing nursing education.
Childbearing in adolescents aged 12–15 years in low resource countries: a neglected issue. New estimates from demographic and household surveys in 42 countries
Authors: NEAL SARAH , MATTHEWS ZOË , FROST MELANIE , FOGSTAD HELGA , CAMACHO ALMA V. , LASKI LAURA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThere is strong evidence that the health risks associated with adolescent pregnancy are concentrated among the youngest girls (e.g. those under 16 years). Fertility rates in this age group have not previously been comprehensively estimated and published. By drawing data from 42 large, nationally representative household surveys in low resource countries carried out since 2003 this article presents estimates of age‐specific birth rates for girls aged 12–15, and the percentage of girls who give birth at age 15 or younger. From these we estimate that approximately 2.5 million births occur to girls aged under 16 in low resource countries each year. The highest rates are found in Sub‐Saharan Africa, where in Chad, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Niger and Sierra Leone more than 10% of girls become mothers before they are 16. Strategies to reduce these high levels are vital if we are to alleviate poor reproductive health.
Primary care physicians’ and psychiatrists’ approaches to treating mild depression
Authors: Lawrence R. E. , Rasinski K. A. , Yoon J. D. , Meador K. G. , Koenig H. G. , Curlin F. A. 
Published: May 2012

Lawrence RE, Rasinski KA, Yoon JD, Meador KG, Koenig HG, Curlin FA. Primary care physicians’ and psychiatrists’ approaches to treating mild depression.Objective:  To measure how primary care physicians (PCPs) and psychiatrists treat mild depression.Method:  We surveyed a national sample of US PCPs and psychiatrists using a vignette of a 52‐year‐old man with depressive symptoms not meeting Major Depressive Episode criteria. Physicians were asked how likely they were to recommend an antidepressant counseling, combined medication, and counseling or to make a psychiatric referral.Results:  Response rate was 896/1427 PCPs and 312/487 for psychiatrists. Compared with PCPs, psychiatrists were more likely to recommend an antidepressant (70% vs. 56%), counseling (86% vs. 54%), or the combination of medication and counseling (61% vs. 30%). More psychiatrists (44%) than PCPs (15%) were ‘very likely’ to promote psychiatric referral. PCPs who frequently attended religious services were less likely (than infrequent attenders) to refer the patient to a psychiatrist (12% vs. 18%); and more likely to recommend increased involvement in meaningful relationships/activities (50% vs. 41%) and religious community (33% vs. 17%).Conclusion:  Psychiatrists treat mild depression more aggressively than PCPs. Both are inclined to use antidepressants for patients with mild depression.
Proliferation and maturation of microvessels in arteriovenous malformations – expression patterns of angiogenic and cell cycle‐dependent factors
Authors: Meijer‐Jorna Lorine B. , van der Loos Chris M. , Teeling Peter , de Boer Onno J. , Florquin Sandrine , van der Horst Chantal M. A. M. , van der Wal Allard C. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Areas of microvascular proliferation have been observed in a subpopulation of symptomatic congenital vascular malformations later in life. We investigated whether this angiogenic response is followed by a stage of maturation.Methods: Resections of vascular malformations (n = 15), infantile hemangiomas (IHs) (n = 8) and pyogenic granulomas (PGs) (n = 5) were studied. Histopathologically, all lesions were screened for presence of foci of immature and/or mature microvessels. These areas were further studied immunohistochemically for differential expression of several angiogenic factors, cell cycle‐dependent proteins, p53 and active caspase3. Immunostains were scored semiquantitatively.Results: Immature microvessel areas were present in five vascular malformations (all of the arteriovenous type), five IHs and five PGs; these lesions also contained transitions between immature and mature microvessels. Conglomerates of mature microvessels were found in 19 cases (6 vascular malformations, 5 PGs and 8 IHs). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, angiopoietin‐1, Ki‐67, p16 and p21/27 ratios were overall significantly lower in mature areas than in immature areas including those in vascular malformations. P53 and caspase3 expression was scarce in all lesions.Conclusions: Microvascular areas in vascular malformations appear to follow the same pattern of vascular proliferation and maturation as seen in other microvascular lesions of skin and soft tissue.Meijer‐Jorna LB, van der Loos CM, Teeling P, de Boer OJ, Florquin S, van der Horst CMAM, van der Wal AC. Proliferation and maturation of microvessels in arteriovenous malformations – expression patterns of angiogenic and cell cycle‐dependent factors.
Preliminary studies of neurosensory and cardiopulmonary health compromise in captive– bred Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) suffering scoliosis
Authors: Hernández‐Godínez Braulio , Ibáñez‐Contreras Alejandra , Reyes‐Pantoja Sergio , Durand‐Rivera Alfredo , Galvan‐Montaño Alfonso , Perdigón‐Castañeda Gerardo , Carmen Climent‐Palmer Ma. , Tena‐Betancourt Eduardo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  It has been widely documented that quadrupedal animals rarely display natural spontaneous scoliotic rachis deviations of the spinal column. The objective was to determine spinal deformities developed by geriatric monkeys of the Macaca mulatta species, by radiographical and tomographical studies of the vertebral column correlating morphological changes with altered physiological parameters and electrical neurosensorial conductivity of somatosensory‐evoked potentials (SEPs).Materials and methods  A cohort of six geriatric monkeys was used: three non‐scoliotic subjects and three monkeys with naturally acquired true scoliosis.Results  Radiographic and tomographic studies depicted a thoracic curvature displaying a left‐sided thoracic vertebral rotation. The evaluation of physiological parameters demonstrated significant differences in the respiratory rate, as it was observed for the diastolic blood pressures, which showed a decrease in the monkeys with scoliosis compared with healthy monkeys. Regarding the SEPs studies, the non‐parametric test for independent samples Mann–Whitney U test displayed a significant difference observed at the left and right thoracic derivative in P1; while regarding the study of upper limbs, a significant difference was seen at the Erb’s point derivative, left afferency in P1, showing in all the derivatives an increase in latency in monkeys with scoliosis versus monkeys in the control group.Conclusions  This study has demonstrated that quadrupedal animals can develop true scoliosis showing an analogous way to that occurring in humans.
Pluripotent stem cells are protected from cytomegalovirus infection at multiple points: Implications of a new pathogenesis for congenital anomaly caused by cytomegalovirus
Authors: Kawasaki Hideya 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn humans, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most significant cause of intrauterine infections that cause congenital anomalies. Intrauterine infection with human CMV is thought to be responsible for a variety of abnormalities, including mental retardation, microcephaly, developmental delay, seizure disorders, and cerebral palsy, depending on the timing of the fetal infection, the infectious route, and the virulence of the virus. In addition to the adaptive immune system, the embryo has potential resistance to CMV during early embryogenesis. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are more resistant to CMV than most other cell types, although the mechanism responsible for this resistance is not well understood. ES cells allow approximately 20‐fold less murine CMV (MCMV) DNA to enter the nucleus than mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and this inhibition occurs in a multistep manner. In situ hybridization showed that ES cell nuclei had significantly less MCMV DNA than MEF nuclei. This finding appears to be supported by the fact that ES cells express less heparan sulfate, β1‐integrin, and vimentin and have fewer nuclear pores than differentiated cells such as MEF. This may reduce the ability of MCMV to attach to and enter the cellular membrane, translocate to the nucleus, and cross the nuclear membrane in pluripotent stem cells (ES‐induced pluripotent stem cells). This finding may indicate a new pathogenesis for the congenital anomaly caused by CMV.
Typical density profile for warm dark matter haloes
Authors: Viñas Jordi , Salvador-Solé Eduard , Manrique Alberto 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Using the model for (bottom-up) hierarchical halo growth recently developed by Salvador-Solé et al., we derive the typical spherically averaged density profile for haloes with several relevant masses in the concordant warm dark matter (ΛWDM) cosmology with non-thermal sterile neutrinos of two different masses. The predicted density profiles become flat at small radii, as expected from the effects of the spectrum cut-off. The core cannot be resolved, however, because the non-null particle velocity yields the fragmentation of minimum mass protohaloes in small nodes, which invalidates the model at the corresponding radii.
Photoionization of Oxidized Coenzyme Q in Microemulsion: Laser Flash Photolysis Study in Biomembrane‐like System
Authors: Li Kun , Wang Mei , Wang Jin , Zhu Rongrong , Sun Dongmei , Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Shi‐Long 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhotoexcitation to generate triplet state has been proved to be the main photoreaction in homogeneous system for many benzoquinone derivatives, including oxidized coenzyme Q (CoQ) and its analogs. In the present study, microemulsion of CoQ, a heterogeneous system, is employed to mimic the distribution of CoQ in biomembrane. The photochemistry of CoQ10 in microemulsion and cyclohexane is investigated and compared using laser flash photolysis and results show that CoQ10 undergoes photoionization via a monophotonic process to generate radical cation of CoQ10 in microemulsion and photoexcitation to generate excited triplet state in cyclohexane. Meanwhile, photoreactions of duroquinone (DQ) and CoQ0 in microemulsion are also investigated to analyze the influence of molecular structure on the photochemistry of benzoquinone derivatives in microemulsion. Results suggest that photoexcitation, which is followed by excited state‐involved hydrogen‐abstraction reaction, is the main photoreaction for DQ and CoQ0 in microemulsion. However, photoexcited CoQ0 also leads to the formation of hydrated electrons. The isoprenoid side chain‐involved high resonance stabilization is proposed to explain the difference in photoreactions of CoQ0 and CoQ10 in microemulsion. Considering that microemulsion is close to biomembrane system, its photoionization in microemulsion may be helpful to understand the real photochemistry of biological quinones in biomembrane system.
Periphyton Nutrient Limitation and Maximum Potential Productivity in the Beaver Lake Basin, United States1
Authors: Ludwig Andrea , Matlock Marty , Haggard Brian , Chaubey Indrajeet 
Published: May 2012

Ludwig, Andrea, Marty Matlock, Brian Haggard, and Indrajeet Chaubey, 2012. Periphyton Nutrient Limitation and Maximum Potential Productivity in the Beaver Lake Basin, United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 896‐908. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00657.xAbstract:  The objectives of this study were to measure periphytic growth responses to enrichment with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and simultaneous N and P using in situ bioassays in streams draining Beaver Reservoir Basin, Northwest Arkansas; compare periphytic growth responses measured with in situ bioassays with a range of land use and point sources; and test the lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) as a simplifying metric to compare effects of nonpoint‐source pollutant‐limiting variables of N, P, and sediment across the basin. P limitation was observed at sites across a transect of stream orders throughout the basin; however, at the two sites with highest ambient nitrogen concentrations, limitation was often coupled with nitrogen limitation. Nutrients were at nonlimiting levels at both of two sites below wastewater treatment plants in all seasonal deployments. A Michaelis‐Menten growth equation described LETSI as a function of ambient PO4‐P concentrations (p < 0.05); the midpoint (LETSI of 0.50) corresponded with a PO4‐P concentration of approximately 3 μg/l. Change‐point analysis indicated a threshold point at LETSI of 0.80 and 15 μg/l PO4‐P. These low values show that the periphytic community has a high affinity for available P, and that the watershed as a whole is sensitive to available nutrient inputs.
Gentle Africanized bees on an oceanic island
Authors: Rivera‐Marchand Bert , Oskay Devrim , Giray Tugrul 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOceanic islands have reduced resources and natural enemies and potentially affect life history traits of arriving organisms. Among the most spectacular invasions in the Western hemisphere is that of the Africanized honeybee. We hypothesized that in the oceanic island Puerto Rico, Africanized bees will exhibit differences from the mainland population such as for defensiveness and other linked traits. We evaluated the extent of Africanization through three typical Africanized traits: wing size, defensive behavior, and resistance to Varroa destructor mites. All sampled colonies were Africanized by maternal descent, with over 65% presence of European alleles at the S‐3 nuclear locus. In two assays evaluating defense, Puerto Rican bees showed low defensiveness similar to European bees. In morphology and resistance to mites, Africanized bees from Puerto Rico are similar to other Africanized bees. In behavioral assays on mechanisms of resistance to Varroa, we directly observed that Puerto Rican Africanized bees groomed‐off and bit the mites as been observed in other studies. In no other location, Africanized bees have reduced defensiveness while retaining typical traits such as wing size and mite resistance. This mosaic of traits that has resulted during the invasion of an oceanic island has implications for behavior, evolution, and agriculture.