bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formaldehyde‐releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Metalworking fluids and remainder. Part 1
Authors: De Groot Anton , Geier Johannes , Flyvholm Mari‐Ann , Lensen Gerda , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan 
Published: June 2010

This is part of a series of review articles on formaldehyde‐releasers and their relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Formaldehyde‐releasers used in metalworking fluids (MWF) and a group of releasers not presented in previous articles are discussed. Here, in Part 1 of the article, there is a short overview of the composition and functions of MWF, the function of biocides in them, and adverse reactions to MWF. In addition, the releasers in MWF that have caused contact allergy are presented with CAS, synonyms, molecular formula, chemical structure, applications, patch test studies, and amount of formaldehyde released by them.In Part 2 of the article, the relationship between formaldehyde‐releasers used in MWF and formaldehyde contact allergy is discussed as are data on miscellaneous releasers not previously presented, followed by a discussion of Parts 1 and 2 of the article.
Fragrance contact allergy: a 4‐year retrospective study
Authors: Cuesta Laura , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Toledo Fernando , Lucas Ana , Pérez‐Crespo María , Ballester Irene 
Published: June 2010

Background: Fragrance chemicals are the second most frequent cause of contact allergy. The mandatory labelling of 26 fragrance chemicals when present in cosmetics has facilitated management of patients allergic to fragrances. Objectives: The study was aimed to define the characteristics of the population allergic to perfumes detected in our hospital district, to determine the usefulness of markers of fragrance allergy in the baseline GEIDAC series, and to describe the contribution made by the fragrance series to the data obtained with the baseline series. Material and methods: We performed a 4‐year retrospective study of patients tested with the Spanish baseline series and/or fragrance series. There are four fragrance markers in the baseline series: fragrance mix I (FM I), Myroxylon pereirae, fragrance mix II (FM II), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. Results: A total of 1253 patients were patch tested, 117 (9.3%) of whom were positive to a fragrance marker. FM I and M. pereirae detected 92.5% of the cases of fragrance contact allergy. FM II and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde detected 6 additional cases and provided further information in 8, enabling improved management. A fragrance series was tested in a selected group of 86 patients and positive results were obtained in 45.3%. Geraniol was the allergen most frequently found in the group of patients tested with the fragrance series. Conclusions: Classic markers detect the majority of cases of fragrance contact allergy. We recommend incorporating FM II in the Spanish baseline series, as in the European baseline series, and using a specific fragrance series to study patients allergic to a fragrance marker.
Protective effect of N‐acetyl‐serotonin on the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat testicular microsomes and mitochondria
Authors: Gavazza Mariana B. , Català Angel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  N‐acetyl‐serotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin in the tryptophan metabolic pathway in the pineal gland, has been reported to be an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro protective effect of N‐acetyl‐serotonin on the ascorbate‐Fe++ induced lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) located in testis microsomes and mitochondria. We assayed increasing concentrations (0–10 mm) of N‐acetyl‐serotonin in testis microsomes and (0–1 mm) of N‐acetyl‐serotonin in testis mitochondria. Control experiments were performed by incubating microsomal and mitochondrial membranes with N‐acetyl‐serotonin in the absence of lipid peroxidation‐inducing drugs. Special attention was paid to the changes produced on the highly PUFAs C20:4 n6 and C22:5 n6. The light emission (chemiluminescence) used as a marker of lipid peroxidation was similar in both organelles when the control and peroxidized groups were compared. N‐acetyl‐serotonin reduced lipid peroxidation in testicular microsomes or mitochondria for both C20:4 n6 and C22:5 n6. Both long chain PUFAs were protected when N‐acetyl‐serotonin was incorporated either into microsomes or mitochondria. The N‐acetyl‐serotonin concentration required to inhibit by approximately 70% lipid peroxidation process was 10 mm in microsomes and between 0.50 and 1 mm in mitochondria. IC 50 values calculated from the inhibition curve of N‐acetyl‐serotonin on the chemiluminescence rates were higher in microsomes (4.50 mm) than in mitochondria (0.25 mm). In these experimental conditions, N‐acetyl‐serotonin was about 18 times more potent in testicular mitochondria in inhibiting the oxidative processes than it was in testicular microsomes. These results suggest that the protective role of N‐acetyl‐serotonin in preserving the long PUFAs may be related to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
Childhood stroke in Sweden I: incidence, symptoms, risk factors and short‐term outcome
Authors: Christerson S , Strömberg B 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the incidence, presenting symptoms, diagnostic delay, risk factors and short‐term outcome of childhood stroke in a population‐based cohort of Swedish children.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the records of children experiencing their first stroke during a 7‐year period in Uppsala‐Örebro Health Care Region covering one‐fifth of the Swedish population. Arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS), cerebral sinus venous stroke and nontraumatic haemorrhagic stroke (HS) in children aged >28 days and <18 years were included.Results:  We identified 51 children (23 boys and 28 girls; median age 13). The average annual incidence of stroke was 1.8 per 100 000 children. AIS was found in 51% of the children, HS in 41% and cerebral sinus venous stroke in 8%. One‐third of the children had underlying diseases, and one‐third had vascular malformations. Six girls used oral contraceptives, three of these were smokers and two had iron deficiency anaemia. Two children died in the acute stage (4%), and 40/49 (82%) had some neurological dysfunction at discharge.Conclusion:  The incidence of childhood stroke was 1.8 per 100 000 children and year, and the primary mortality was 4%. Risk factors of importance were oral contraceptives, smoking and anaemia in combinations.
Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides and the Human Vagina—A Molecular Biology and Functional Study
Authors: Rahardjo Harrina E. , Brauer Andreas , Mägert Hans-Jürgen , Meyer Markus , Kauffels Wolfgang , Taher Akmal , Rahardjo Djoko , Jonas Udo , Kuczyk Markus A. , Ückert Stefan 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionEndogenous peptides, such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and bradykinin (BK), have been proposed to play a role in the female sexual arousal response by exerting relaxation of clitoral, labial, and vaginal smooth muscle. While the effects of endogenous peptides on the human male erectile tissue have already been described, only very few studies have been conducted to investigate the peptidergic control of female genital tissues, including the vagina.AimsTo elucidate the expression of mRNA specifically encoding for peptide receptors in the human vagina and the effects of VIP, CNP, and BK on the tension induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) of isolated human vaginal wall smooth muscle. The production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in response to exposure of the tissue to the peptides was also measured.MethodsThe expression of mRNA encoding for receptor proteins specific for VIP, CNP, and BK were investigated by means of molecular biology (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] analysis). Using the organ bath technique, the effects of VIP, CNP, and BK (0.1 nM to 1 µM) on the tension induced by 0.1 µM ET-1 of human vaginal strips were investigated. The tissue was also exposed to three different concentrations of VIP, CNP, and BK (0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1 µM) and the production of cAMP and cGMP determined by means of radioimmunoassays.Main Outcome MeasuresCharacterize the expression of peptide receptors in the human vagina and measure the relaxation exerted by BK, CNP, and VIP on the contraction induced by ET-1 of isolated human vaginal tissue. In addition, the effects of the peptides on the production of cAMP and cGMP were also elucidated.ResultsRT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of mRNA transcripts encoding for the VIP receptors VIP1R/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor type 1 (VPAC1) and VIP2R/VPAC2, CNP receptors natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPRA), natriuretic peptide receptor type B (NPRB) and natriuretic peptide receptor type C (NPRC), and BK receptor B2R. The tension induced by ET-1 was reversed by the peptides with the following rank order of efficacy: BK (21.7%) &gt; VIP (20.9%) &gt; CNP (13.3%). The relaxing effects of VIP and BK were paralleled by a 4.8-fold and fivefold increase in cAMP, while the production of cGMP was stimulated 38-fold and 119-fold in the presence of CNP or BK, respectively.ConclusionsOur results are in support of the hypothesis that endogenous peptides may contribute to the control of human vaginal smooth muscle tone through the involvement of the cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathways.
Thin discs, thick dwarfs and the effects of stellar feedback
Authors: Sánchez-Janssen R. , Méndez-Abreu J. , Aguerri J. A. L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We investigate the role of stellar mass in shaping the intrinsic thickness of galaxy discs by determining the probability distribution of apparent axial ratios (b/a) for two different samples that probe the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. We find that the b/a distribution has a characteristic ‘U-shape’ and identify a limiting mass M*≈ 2 × 109M⊙ below which low-mass galaxies start to be systematically thicker. This tendency holds for very faint (MB∼−8) dwarfs in the local volume, which are essentially spheroidal systems. We argue that galaxy shape is the result of the complex interplay between mass, specific angular momentum and stellar feedback effects. Thus, the increasing importance of turbulent motions in lower mass galaxies leads to the formation of thicker systems, a result supported by the latest hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxy formation and other theoretical expectations. We discuss several implications of this finding, including the formation of bars in faint galaxies, the deprojection of Hi line profiles and simulations of environmental effects on the dwarf galaxy population.
Malin 1: interacting galaxy pair?
Authors: Reshetnikov V. P. , Moiseev A. V. , Ya. Sotnikova N. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Malin1 is a unique, extraordinarily large low-surface brightness galaxy. The structure and the origins of the galaxy are poorly understood. The reason for this is the absence of detailed observational data, especially of high-resolution kinematics. In this Letter, we study the stellar kinematics of the inner part (r≤ 15 kpc) of Malin1.
We present spectroscopic arguments in favour of a small galaxy – Malin1B – being a companion probably interacting with the main galaxy – Malin1. This object is clearly seen in many published images of Malin1 but is not mentioned in any astronomical data bases. Malin1B is located at a projected distance of 14kpc from Malin1's nucleus and has small – 65 ± 16km s−1– relative velocity, which we determined for the first time. We suggest that the ongoing interaction with Malin1B can explain the main morphological features of Malin1's central region – two-armed spiral structure, a bar and an external one-armed spiral pattern.
We also investigated the large-scale environment of Malin1 and postulated that the galaxy SDSSJ123708.91 + 142253.2 might be responsible for the formation of an extended low-surface brightness envelope by means of head-on collision with Malin1 (in the framework of the collision scenario proposed by Mapelli et al.). To test the collisional origins of Malin1's global structure, more observational data and new numerical models are needed.
DISTRIBUTION OF PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN THE CAMBRO‐ORDOVICIAN DIBSIYAH MEMBER OF THE WAJID SANDSTONE, SW SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Abdulkadir I. T. , Sahin A. , Abdullatif O. M. 
Published: June 2010

The Cambrian‐Ordovician Dibsiyah Member is the lowermost unit of the Wajid Sandstone, a major aquifer in SW Saudi Arabia. The Dibsiyah is present throughout most of south‐central Arabia including the Rub'Al‐Khali Basin where it is a potential exploration target and a reservoir for gas. The Member can be divided into Upper and Lower Units based on depositional facies. The Lower Unit is interpreted to have been deposited in a fluvial setting, whereas the Upper Unit, which displays abundant bioturbation, was deposited in shallow‐marine conditions.Patterns of porosity and permeability distribution in the Dibsiyah Member were analysed statistically. In general, the Member exhibits a limited range of porosity values and a wide range of permeability values. Histograms show that the porosity distribution of both Lower and Upper Units are approximately normal, and that their corresponding vertical and horizontal permeability distributions are positively skewed.The coefficient of variation for porosity in both the Lower and Upper Units is less than 0.5 indicating that the porosity range is small. However, the horizontal and vertical permeability values are more variable due to the spatial distribution of architectural elements and sedimentary structures within both units. The dissolution of unstable minerals, together with inhomogenous grain packing and poor connectivity, has resulted in a variable permeability distribution.
On functional motor adaptations: from the quantification of motor strategies to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck–shoulder region
Authors: Madeleine P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: Occupations characterized by a static low load and by repetitive actions show a high prevalence of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in the neck–shoulder region. Moreover, muscle fatigue and discomfort are reported to play a relevant initiating role in WMSD. Aims: To investigate relationships between altered sensory information, i.e. localized muscle fatigue, discomfort and pain and their associations to changes in motor control patterns.Materials & Methods: In total 101 subjects participated. Questionnaires, subjective assessments of perceived exertion and pain intensity as well as surface electromyography (SEMG), mechanomyography (MMG), force and kinematics recordings were performed.Results: Multi‐channel SEMG and MMG revealed that the degree of heterogeneity of the trapezius muscle activation increased with fatigue. Further, the spatial organization of trapezius muscle activity changed in a dynamic manner during sustained contraction with acute experimental pain. A graduation of the motor changes in relation to the pain stage (acute, subchronic and chronic) and work experience were also found. The duration of the work task was shorter in presence of acute and chronic pain. Acute pain resulted in decreased activity of the painful muscle while in subchronic and chronic pain, a more static muscle activation was found. Posture and movement changed in the presence of neck–shoulder pain. Larger and smaller sizes of arm and trunk movement variability were respectively found in acute pain and subchronic/chronic pain. The size and structure of kinematics variability decreased also in the region of discomfort. Motor variability was higher in workers with high experience. Moreover, the pattern of activation of the upper trapezius muscle changed when receiving SEMG/MMG biofeedback during computer work.Discussion: SEMG and MMG changes underlie functional mechanisms for the maintenance of force during fatiguing contraction and acute pain that may lead to the widespread pain seen in WMSD. A lack of harmonious muscle recruitment/derecruitment may play a role in pain transition. Motor behavior changed in shoulder pain conditions underlining that motor variability may play a role in the WMSD development as corroborated by the changes in kinematics variability seen with discomfort. This prognostic hypothesis was further, supported by the increased motor variability among workers with high experience.Conclusion: Quantitative assessments of the functional motor adaptations can be a way to benchmark the pain status and help to indentify signs indicating WMSD development. Motor variability is an important characteristic in ergonomic situations. Future studies will investigate the potential benefit of inducing motor variability in occupational settings.
Epiphora: an evidence based approach to the 12 minute consultation
Authors: Blackmore K.J. , Ainsworth G. , Robson A.K. 
Published: June 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 210–214Background:  Epiphora is the presence of a watering eye which may be due to reflex tearing or defective drainage of tears. Whilst most cases present to the ophthalmologist the otolaryngologist has a key role to play in both assessment and management of these patients.Methods:  This review was based on a literature search last performed on 21st October 2009. MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched using the subject headings ‘epiphora’ or ‘functional epiphora’ in combination with diagnosis, investigation, management, treatment, intervention and surgery. Results were limited to English language articles. The personal biographies of the senior authors were also used.Conclusion:  An accurate assessment of the site and degree of obstruction is important to ensure the correct management is undertaken. Medical treatment with nasal steroid spray may be effective but the majority of obstructed cases will require surgical intervention in the form of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). There is increasing evidence that powered endoscopic DCR has outcomes comparable with the ‘gold standard’ procedure of external DCR.
Oral health disparities and the workforce: a framework to guide innovation
Authors: Hilton Irene V. , Lester Arlene M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Oral health disparities currently exist in the United States, and workforce innovations have been proposed as one strategy to address these disparities. A framework is needed to logically assess the possible role of workforce as a contributor to and to analyze workforce strategies addressing the issue of oral health disparities.Methods: Using an existing framework, A Strategic Framework for Improving Racial/Ethnic Minority Health and Eliminating Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities, workforce was sequentially applied across individual, environmental/community, and system levels to identify long‐term problems, contributing factors, strategies/innovation, measurable outcomes/impacts, and long‐term goals. Examples of current workforce innovations were applied to the framework.Results: Contributing factors to oral health disparities included lack of racial/ethnic diversity of the workforce, lack of appropriate training, provider distribution, and a nonuser‐centered system. The framework was applied to selected workforce innovation models delineating the potential impact on contributing factors across the individual, environmental/community, and system levels. The framework helps to define expected outcomes from workforce models that would contribute to the goal of reducing oral health disparities and examine impacts across multiple levels. However, the contributing factors to oral health disparities cannot be addressed by workforce innovation alone.Conclusion: The Strategic Framework is a logical approach to guide workforce innovation, solutions, and identification of other aspects of the oral healthcare delivery system that need innovation in order to reduce oral health disparities.
Private sector approaches to workforce enhancement
Authors: Wendling Wayne R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives: This paper addresses the private practice model of dental care delivery in the US. The great majority of dental care services are delivered through this model and thus changes in the model represent a means to substantially change the supply and availability of dental services. The two main forces that change how private practices function are broad economic factors, which alter the demand for dental care and innovations in practice structure and function which alter the supply and cost of services.Methods: Economics has long recognized that although there are private market solutions for many issues, not all problems can be addressed through this model. The private practice of dentistry is a private market solution that works for a substantial share of the market. However, the private market may not work to resolve all issues associated with access and utilization. Solutions for some problems call for creative private – public arrangements – another form of innovation; and market‐based solutions may not be feasible for each and every problem. This paper discusses these economic factors and innovation as they relate to the private practice of dentistry, with special emphasis on those elements that have increased the capacity of the dental practice to offer services to those with limited means to access fee‐based care.Results: Innovations are frequently described as new care delivery models or new workforce models. However, innovation can occur on an ongoing and regular basis as dental practices examine new ways to combine capital and human resources and to leverage the education and skill of the dentists to a greater number of patients. Innovation occurs within a market context as the current and projected economic returns reward the innovation. Innovation can also occur through private–public arrangements.Conclusions: There are indications of available capacity within the existing delivery system to expand service delivery. The Michigan Medicaid Healthy Kids Dental program is discussed as one example of how dental services to Medicaid insured children were effectively expanded using the private practice model.
The challenge to delivering oral health services in rural America
Authors: Skillman Susan M. , Doescher Mark P. , Mouradian Wendy E. , Brunson Diane K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives: This review identifies the challenges to oral health in rural America and describes areas of innovation in prevention, delivery of dental services, and workforce development that may improve oral health for rural populations.Methods: This descriptive article is based on literature reviews and personal communications.Results: Rural populations have lower dental care utilization, higher rates of dental caries, lower rates of insurance, higher rates of poverty, less water fluoridation, fewer dentists per population, and greater distances to travel to access care than urban populations. Improving the oral health of rural populations requires practical and flexible approaches to expand and better distribute the rural oral health workforce, including approaches tailored to remote areas. Solutions that involve mass prevention/public health interventions include increasing water fluoridation, providing timely oral health education, caries risk assessment and referral, preventive services, and offering behavioral interventions such as smoking and tobacco cessation programs. Solutions that train more providers prepared to work in rural areas include recruiting students from rural areas, training students in rural locations, and providing loan repayment and scholarships. Increasing the flexibility and capacity of the oral health workforce for rural areas could be achieved by creating new roles for and new types of providers. Solutions that overcome distance barriers include mobile clinics and telehealth technology.Conclusions: Rural areas need flexibility and resources to develop innovative solutions that meet their specific needs. Prevention needs to be at the front line of rural oral health care, with systematic approaches that cross health professions and health sectors.