bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Water Content in Biodiesel Blends using Potassium Polyacrylate: Impact on Acid Number
Authors: Matheofani  , Tresna Pratiwi Fatimah , Amri Khairil , Romelan  , Maharani Mutiara , Aminuddin  , Dewi Solikhah Maharani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many countries worldwide have implemented the use of biodiesel as a blend with diesel fuel. Since 2023, Indonesia has implemented the use of biodiesel blends up to 35% (B35). As the use of biodiesel as a blend increases, more stringent requirements, particularly regarding water content, have been enforced. In the field of water treatment, hydrogels, specifically potassium polyacrylate (PPA), are utilized to reduce water content by adsorbing water molecules in biodiesel blends. Elevated water content can have detrimental effects on the quality of biodiesel blends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PPA in adsorbing water content in biodiesel blends. The experiment involved a 60-minute water removal process conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The adsorption results were then analyzed for water content and acid number and compared to predefined specifications. Additionally, an acidity test was conducted to assess the impact of PPA on water adsorption. The research findings demonstrated that PPA was capable of adsorbing approximately 84.47% of water molecules without affecting the acid number of the biodiesel blends. The final measured water content was determined to be 66.03 ppm, and the acid number was found to be 0.14 mg KOH/g, both satisfying the quality requirements specified by the government.
SiO2 Content and Chemical Properties of Potassium Silicate Extracted from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash using Sol Technique
Authors: Setyawan N , Hoerudin  , Harimurti N , Misgiyarta  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bagasse is a by-product of the extraction process in sugarcane production. In sugar factories, the bagasse is generally used as fuel in boilers for steam power plants and sugar production. The burning process produces abundant bagasse ash containing high levels of silica (SiO2). The end product of by-product utilization has high economic value and is widely used in various industries, such as absorbent materials, food, rubber products, paints, ceramics, glasses, cement/concrete, toothpaste, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. The present study investigates the effect of concentration of alkaline solution/KOH (5, 7, and 9 %), extraction time (30, 60, and 90 min) and ratio of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and alkaline solution (1:5, 1:7, and 1:9 w/v) on the characteristic of “intermediate” liquid potassium silicate product. The extraction process was conducted using sol technique. The result showed that silica extraction conducted using KOH 5% at 90 min with ratio of SBA and alkaline solution 1:9 produced liquid potassium silicate with high content of SiO2 (14.85 %) and K2O (19.73%).
Development of water hyacinth as an alternate biomass source for power generation: Saguling Reservoir Case Study
Authors: Soleh Mochamad , Hidayat Yudi , Hakim Lukmanul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Energy security consists of three aspects: the availability of energy sources, the affordability of energy supplies, and the sustainable development of new renewable energy. This paper proposed to help overcome energy problems while solving environmental problems using water hyacinths at Saguling Dam in West Java province, Indonesia. Using an integrated community empowerment approach, the scheme for using water hyacinth is to be developed into an energy source for electricity generation or other thermal energy sources. This scheme is a new concept in developing water hyacinths as an alternative to renewable energy.
To ensure the sustainability of this scheme, community support and financial benefits must be established. The results showed that the scheme to use water hyacinth as a source of heat energy is a new scheme in addition to benefiting the community by encouraging local economic development and solving the problem of water hyacinth that disrupts the operation of the Saguling Dam. Utilizing water hyacinth as an alternative energy will improve the community’s economy, which will contribute to increasing the economic activities of a region.
This paper steps to develop a design scheme for the use of water hyacinth as alternative energy, especially in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries. Finally, using water hyacinth as alternative energy can guide local communities to encourage them to use biomass resources as an incentive for regional economic prosperity.
Product Design of Vegetable Floss Made from Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) Fruit
Authors: Setyaningsih Dwi , Folasade F Pakasy Fidelia , Santoso Abdullah Jabr G , Gracella Nadine , Muna Neli , Udin Faqih 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Increasing awareness of health risks encourages the development of plant-based products to replace the animal products. One of the popular snack foods is floss made from beef or chicken meat. Vegetable floss is a potential product to develop for vegetarian or kids. This study aims to provide a product design of vegetable floss made from kluwih fruit starts from formulation, characterization, scale up in small scale industry, include factory layout, calculation of cost of goods sold as well as business development model that was suitable for vegetable floss market. Notably, this study aims to make vegetable floss without using garlic or shallots in the seasoning, distinguishing it from the previous research of vegetable floss. Human-Centered Design used to match the product with the consumer’s expectations. The vegetable floss formulation and production process were successfully defined after several iteration. The best results had the characteristics of brown color, fibrous, light, and acceptable tastes. The floss had water, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents of 6.05%; 2.29%; 2.07%; 27.80% and 61.79%, respectively, and organoleptic quality of its color and flavor were in the like category. Small scale production was planned with the capacity of 300 kg kluwih fruits per month using a series of machine for peeling, shredding, seasoning preparation, boiling, mixing, frying, oil draining, and packaging. Factory required a building area of 92.31 m2. The cost of goods sold was set at IDR 32,178.8 for 150 g aluminum foil pouch and IDR 12,534.6 for 50 g plastic jar packaging. Business Model Canvas showed the overall business activity of vegetable floss products. Based on the SWOT analysis and matrix, there were 12 alternative strategies that have an effect on improving the element of key partners, key activities, value propositions, customer relationship, customer segments, channels, and revenue streams.
Design of an automatic electric torrefaction reactor for oil palm empty fruit bunch pellets
Authors: Telaumbanua M , Fitni A , Wisnu F K , Haryanto A , Suharyatun S , Ansari A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the technologies for utilizing waste into high-quality fuel is torrefaction. Torefaction of empty palm fruit bunches is a thermochemical process without the presence of oxygen by heating the biomass slowly and holding it for a certain time. Torrefaction degrades the hemicellulose content to optimize mass and energy yields. The purpose of this study was to design a temperature control system using a electrical heater on a rotary torrefaction reactor for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) pellets. The validation temperature sensor has shown a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.9999 using the model coefficient y = 1.0029x + 0.4017. The performance results of the electric reactor control system for torrefaction show a temperature control accuracy of 85.77% at various setting points. The response of the temperature control system within 10 minutes can reach a temperature of 213°C and in the 13th minute it reaches 301.6°C. The stability of the tool produces good performance. The electric power consumption for 6 kg OPEFB pellets was 2.98 kWh at a cost of USD 0.33. The water content in the torrefaction pellets is 1-2%. The results of the hydrophobicity test showed that the torrefactive samples at temperatures above 200 °C did not change their physical form after immersion in water for 24 hours. These results indicate that the electric torrefaction reactor automatic has succeeded in increasing the caloric ratio of the material, resistance to water such as charcoal, but still has the characteristics and properties of biomass.
Introduction
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter presents the problem posed by sing saksit (“holy things”) in Thailand and traces the argument the book will make to solve it. The chapter opens with a description of Luang Phǭ Sōthǭn, a famous Buddha image found in a temple near Bangkok that is regularly propitiated for mundane boons. This is followed by a description of the process of kānbonbānsānklāo, or promising offerings to request a boon, as well as the full variety of “holy things” one can request boons from. The central argument of the book is then presented: syncretism is the solution to a pseudo-problem posed by misunderstanding the nature of Buddhist inclusivism. A genealogical study of the category saksit will show that the seemingly “syncretic” nature of kānbonbānsānklāo is in fact the result of the historical interaction of cosmopolitan discourses on the nexus of Siam/Thailand.
Buddhism as Implicit Theology
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Building on the argument in the introduction that Buddhist inclusivism renders models of syncretism moot, this chapter goes further to argue that Buddhism includes an “implicit theology” that necessitates, brings into being, and taxonomizes in particular ways a host of supernatural beings. Borrowing from Jan Assman’s useful concept, the chapter explores a variety of “implicit theologies”—discourses that do similar work to theology but without calling themselves such. The chapter then demonstrates that Buddhism intervened in a particular way in the branch of Indo-European implicit theology found in India by redefining devas as a class of mortal but morally superior beings and defining a variety of other supernatural beings in contrast to them.
Situating Siam in History
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents historical background on Siam (the kingdom that was the precursor to the modern nation-state of Thailand) and argues that this kingdom has existed on the nexus of transforming cosmopolitan formations. The Sanskrit Cosmopolis with its associated preference for Śaivism dominated Southern Asia up until the early second millennium. It collapsed as the Persianate Cosmopolis took hold in South Asia, which had various ripple effects in the broader region. One of these was the rise of a Pali Cosmopolis in Sri Lanka and mainland Southeast Asia. The chapter ends by arguing that continuities between the Sanskrit and Pali Cosmopoleis have allowed for the continuing agency of “Hindu” discourses in Thai Buddhism to this day.
Legislated Treaty Rights and the Legitimacy of Judicial Review
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the legitimacy of judicial review of legislation by zooming in on three grounds of judicial review: legislative process review, ultra vires review, and fundamental rights review. It is shown that while legislative process review should not raise any concerns, ultra vires review and fundamental rights review are vulnerable to objections from institutional legitimacy and capacity. Currently, the Court of Justice of the European Union conducts ultra vires review according to appropriately deferential standards, but the level of scrutiny applied in fundamental rights review is too strict. The chapter also highlights the legislature’s unique position in the European Union institutional framework. It can more autonomously steer the course of the Treaties than is often thought, in part by negotiating and pushing back against unwanted judicial articulations of Treaty rights. Treaty rights can be, should be allowed to be, and often are, legislated rights.
Introduction
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The heart of this brief introduction is an overview of the eight chapters that follow. The overview is preceded by preliminary considerations that clarify the book’s general focus, motivation, and scope. Although Kant’s conception of dignity has been highly influential and remains important among liberals throughout the world, it is often criticized by leading left-wing and right-wing writers. Nonetheless, it can be defended in a commonsense manner that has considerable relevance for contemporary issues, and that does not involve the overly subjectivist or individualist meaning that many of his terms may suggest. In its final pages, the Introduction explains the relevance of the trajectory of Thomas Mann’s life and his relation to America. Mann’s work reflects much of what was worst and what was best in German reactions to Kant’s notion of dignity.
Dignity as Universal: Herder, Diversity, and Development
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts the careers of Kant and his student, J. G. Herder, and their positions on issues such as dignity, diversity, history, and cosmopolitanism. Kant and Herder have a lot in common, although Kant was especially interested in necessity and universal duties, whereas Herder deserves respect for having introduced a stress on respect for contingency, diversity, and historical developments that are not a matter of linear and completely rational progress. The basic cosmopolitanism of their philosophies is defended against non-progressive interpretations of their work. A special emphasis is placed on Herder’s early time in Riga and Kant’s late Postscript in a German–Lithuanian dictionary. The Postscript exhibits an underlying philosophical friendship between them, based on a common respect for local cultures that are vulnerable to the harmful actions of powerful nations.
Dignity Lost and Regained: Thomas Mann’s Elliptical Path, Part I: Background
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the career of Thomas Mann as an especially relevant illustration of the difficulties that have arisen in the reception of Kant’s doctrine of universal human dignity and pure duty. Mann’s positions vividly illustrate the tendencies of post-Kantian German thought. Mann’s early work exhibits the common and deep misunderstanding of Kantian duty in contingent, achievement-oriented, and chauvinist terms. Mann’s early career took place in an era of German culture that had been struggling to make a decision between religious, ethical, and aesthetic conceptions of humanity’s vocation. At first Mann strongly endorsed an aesthetic orientation. In his later career, however, he began to appreciate what Kant really meant by dignity and duty, and, inspired by Walt Whitman, he turned to advocating democracy. Here it becomes essential to grasp exactly how Mann’s eventual understanding of Kant, the Early Romantics, and Nietzsche, contrasts with common and unappealing stereotypes of their philosophies.
Wong Kar-wai’s Argentine Affair: Happy Together as a Translingual and Multimodal Adaptation
Authors: Liang Wenxin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2021, a 4K-restored rendition of Wong Kar-wai’s iconic film Happy Together (1997) returned to theatres across Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Argentina, marking the film’s enduring transnational appeal two decades after its Cannes premiere. This article investigates the film’s intricate cultural ties to Argentina. I argue that Happy Together not only enhances the cultural connections between Hong Kong and Argentina but also showcases Wong’s translingual and multimodal approaches to film adaptation. ‘Translingual’ refers to the film’s literary source: I demonstrate how Wong skilfully wove elements from Manuel Puig's 1973 novel The Buenos Aires Affair into his film through a threefold Spanish-English-Chinese process of rewriting. Subsequently, I contend that various cultural facets of Argentina—the literature of Puig, the soundscape of Piazzolla’s tango, and the landscapes of the Iguazú Falls and Tierra del Fuego—contributed significantly to the Hong Kong auteur’s multimodal adaptation. In short, this article proposes a dialogic perspective on Hong Kong cinema by considering Argentina as a reflective mirror brimming with aesthetic and geopolitical implications. Through the lens of Happy Together, this study moves beyond Western-centric reception paradigms by spotlighting the cultural and socio-political affinities between Latin America and Asia, thus bringing to the forefront the often-overlooked transpacific connections within the Global South.
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor: A series of 10 case studies
Authors: Wang Yan Xia , Ma Li Li , Xu Wan Ni , Hu Pei Zhen , Yang Shou Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor (PFHT) and its pathogenesis.

Methods
Ten cases of PFHT were collected from Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, from September 2008 to December 2022 for clinical data as well as microscopic and immunohistochemical observation. CCND1 gene amplification and break were assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results
We report 10 cases of PFHT according to histologic classification. Seven cases were of histiocytoid type, and 3 had mucous degeneration in the nodules. One case was of fibroblastic type, which was mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells. Two cases were of mixed type. Immunohistochemically, the osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, histiocyte-like cells, and occasional spindle cells in the adjacent fascicles were reactive for CD68 (10/10), CD163 (5/8), CD10 (8/8), cyclin D1 (8/8), CDK4 (5/8), β-catenin (4/6), MITF (2/6), and PGP9.5 (4/5). Vimentin (9/9) was strongly positive in tumor cells and peripheral fibroblast-like cells. The positive index of Ki-67 was 5% to 40%, with an average of 20%. The FISH analysis showed neither amplification nor break of the CCND1 gene. All cases underwent surgical resection, and patients were followed up for 9 months to 11 years. Only 2 cases recurred.

Conclusions
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor is a low-grade malignant soft tissue neoplasm. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathologic and immunohistochemical markers. Cyclin D1 and CD10 expression has diagnostic value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PFHT combined with its plexiform morphology. The overexpression of cyclin D1 suggests an involvement of cell cycle regulatory genes in the pathogenesis of PFHT.
English-Medium Instruction in International Bio-Science Engineering Programs in Vietnam: Incentivization, Support, and Discretion in a Context of Academic Consolidation
Authors: De Soete Alexander , Slembrouck Stef 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes how English-medium instruction (EMI) content lecturers in Vietnam navigate opportunities and challenges of incentivization, institutional support, and disciplinary autonomy in a context of transnational academic expansion. It reports on interview data with bio-engineering lecturers from five universities. Findings show that, despite the lecturers’ understanding of the institutional importance of prestigious international programs, the necessary linguistic and pedagogical support systems are rarely in place. Lecturers detail their struggles in a setting marked by the presence of personal incentives but a lack of training needed to reach language proficiency standards or feel confident about managing interaction and knowledge transfer. They describe difficulties preparing for classes, report extraneous workloads, and occasionally redact teaching materials to safeguard comprehension. Viewing the lecturers through the lens of Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy (1980), we bring into focus their highly informed, agentive behavior, highlighting how lecturers conceptualize students’ linguistic and academic needs, and identify pedagogical strategies to overcome language-related and other barriers in EMI. Two forms of mutual entanglement are stressed: (i) lecturer needs and student needs and (ii) subject teaching and language learning.
The impact of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change on the distribution of Dekay’s brown snake (Storeria dekayi)
Authors: Huang Tianqi , Morin Peter J , Ruane Sara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Human activities in the Anthropocene contribute to natural resource and climatic pattern shifts, which in turn affect the distributions of organisms. Currently, research efforts to understand organismal distribution patterns mainly focus on rare species, leaving common taxa to receive less attention. We constructed ecological niche models using MaxEnt to evaluate the distributions of a common urban reptile, Dekay’s brown snake (Storeria dekayi). We investigate the importance of human disturbance for the current S. dekayi distribution, the niche differentiation of the two genetic lineages of S. dekayi separated by the Mississippi River, and the potential future range shift of S. dekayi. We found no significant effect of human disturbance on current S. dekayi distribution. There was no significant evidence of niche differentiation between two lineages (eastern and western), which can possibly be attributed to their shallow genetic divergence. We also predicted a range expansion for S. dekayi in the future with anthropogenic climate change. Understanding the distribution patterns of common species is important because of the pivotal role they play in ecosystem functioning and services. We encourage more work to be conducted in the future on common and urban-dwelling species’ distributions to conserve and promote urban biodiversity and biodiversity overall.
Doubly robust estimation and sensitivity analysis for marginal structural quantile models
Authors: Cheng Chao , Hu Liangyuan , Li Fan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The marginal structure quantile model (MSQM) provides a unique lens to understand the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on the full distribution of potential outcomes. Under the semiparametric framework, we derive the efficiency influence function for the MSQM, from which a new doubly robust estimator is proposed for point estimation and inference. We show that the doubly robust estimator is consistent if either of the models associated with treatment assignment or the potential outcome distributions is correctly specified, and is semiparametric efficient if both models are correct. To implement the doubly robust MSQM estimator, we propose to solve a smoothed estimating equation to facilitate efficient computation of the point and variance estimates. In addition, we develop a confounding function approach to investigate the sensitivity of several MSQM estimators when the sequential ignorability assumption is violated. Extensive simulations are conducted to examine the finite-sample performance characteristics of the proposed methods. We apply the proposed methods to the Yale New Haven Health System Electronic Health Record data to study the effect of antihypertensive medications to patients with severe hypertension and assess the robustness of the findings to unmeasured baseline and time-varying confounding.