bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNGAL COLONIZATION OF PU‐ERH TEA IN YUNNAN
Authors: ZHAO Z.J. , TONG H.R. , ZHOU L. , WANG E.X. , LIU Q.J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT Pu‐erh tea is a popular beverage in Southeast Asia, especially in many areas of China. Natural fungal inoculation and fermentation form its special quality and function in health care. At the same time, a common assumption is that unknown fungi from natural inoculation may pose a risk for safety of drinking the beverage, leading to an urgent need for a thorough fungal survey of Pu‐erh tea. The present paper reports the natural fungal colonizations isolated from 60 representative samples. The results of the survey showed that the fungal colonizations were isolated from all the samples studied, ranging from 1.6 × 103 to 1.16 × 105 cfu/g, and 62 isolates were identified to belong to 41 species of 19 genera, including 13 species of Aspergillus and seven species of Penicillium, and 21 species of other genera. The predominant fungi were yeasts and different species of the genus Aspergillus. The concrete species of the dominant fungi varied with environment conditions of various production places. Sample parameters such as water content, AW, pH, polyphenol content were recorded, though they appeared to have no obvious effects on the total number of fungi, whereas processing and storage methods evidently affected total number of fungi. Some species of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium culmorum, etc., which maybe excrete toxic metabolites, were isolated in the survey. Further evaluation on the safety of these fungi isolated from Pu‐erh tea products is needed.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study investigated the fungal colonizatins exisiting in Pu‐erh tea and some parameters concerning the storage of Pu‐erh tea. These findings will help to evaluate the safety of Pu‐erh tea products, and also facilitate the formulation of microbiologically sound methods for the manufacture and storage of Pu‐erh tea, especially for the supervision of microbic fermentation during the process of ripe Pu‐erh tea manufacture, thus contributing to avoid the contamination from toxigenic or potentially toxic fungi, and to ensure the safety of drinking Pu‐erh tea.
CONTROL OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN HAM DELI LOAVES USING ORGANIC ACIDS
Authors: LLOYD T. , ALVARADO C.Z. , MCKEE S.R. , BERRANG M.E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT Combinations of organic acids, sodium lactate (SL; Fisher Scientific Co. LLC., Pittsburgh, PA), potassium lactate (PL; City Chemical LLC., West Haven, CT) and sodium diacetate (SD; Spectrum Chemical MFG. Corp., Gardena, CA), were applied in the raw product and as a post‐cook dip to determine their inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes in ham deli loaves. Loaves were formulated with an organic acid as an ingredient, cooked, cooled, inoculated with streptomycin‐resistant L. monocytogenes and then dipped in an organic acid treatment. Treatments consisted of PL in the raw product and PL in the dip, PL with SL/PL/SD dip, SL/SD with PL dip, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD dip. Loaves were examined on a weekly basis for 56 days. Treatments containing PL with SL/PL/SD, SL/SD with PL, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD had similar inhibition effects on L. monocytogenes from day 0 to day 42 (P < 0.05). On day 56, the PL with SL/PL/SD and the SL/SD with SL/PL/SD treatments were similar (P < 0.05). The PL with SL/PL/SD, SL/SD with PL, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD treatments increased the lag phase of L. monocytogenes compared with distilled water control (P < 0.05).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIncluding a food grade organic acid‐based product in the formulation and as a post‐cook dip treatment can result in the slower growth of Listeria monocytogenes in deli ham loaves. This approach could provide meat processors with a useful method for controlling this deadly pathogen in ready‐to‐eat meat products.
OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN RAW MILK FROM SOUTH KOREA WINTER SEASONS USING AN IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: KIM HO JIN , LEE JI EUN , KWAK BYUNG‐MAN , AHN JANG‐HYUK , JEONG SEUNG‐HWAN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT The contamination level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk samples produced in South Korea during the winter season was investigated using immunoaffinity column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. Among the test samples collected from 100 cattle ranches in 2008 and 2009, none were contaminated with AFM1 over the maximum level (0.5 µg/L) set by South Korea and U.S. regulatory agencies. Seven percent of the tested samples obtained in 2008 were not contaminated with AFM1; however, this increased to 34% for samples obtained in 2009. The percent of samples with an AFM1 concentration in the range of 0.05–0.10 µg/L decreased from 21% in 2008 to 4% in 2009. In this study, the level of AFM1 in raw milk was determined to be very low and safe for market milk process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study, the first time in South Korea, contamination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk, during 2 years seasons was investigated using immunoaffinity column and high performance liquid chromatography. This was a large survey for AFM1 level in the raw milk samples from 100 dairy ranches. The result can be used as reference data to understand the current occurrence of AFM1 and estimate the contamination levels of AFM1 in various dairy products in South Korea.
A PCR METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OFLISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESBASED ON A NOVEL TARGET SEQUENCE IDENTIFIED BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: ZHANG DANDAN , ZHANG LIDA , WANG DAPENG , SUO BIAO , SHI XIANMING 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that is a serious health hazard worldwide. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection ofL. monocytogenesusing a novel species‐specific target sequence (a region oflmo0754gene) identified by a comparative genomic approach. An internal amplification control was incorporated into this PCR system. The assay allowed amplification of a 331‐bp fragment only from the genomic DNA ofL. monocytogenesstrains and not from otherListeriaspecies, as well as some non‐Listeriaspecies. The detection limit of the PCR assay was 55 copies/PCR withL. monocytogenesgenomic DNA. Applying this PCR assay to artificially contaminated milk samples, low levels ofL. monocytogenes(1–10 cfu/mL of milk) were detected after 6–9 h incubation in selective culture enrichment (UVM1).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSA novel species‐specific target sequence was identified by a comparative genomic approach that offered a new molecular diagnostic marker for specific detection ofListeria monocytogenes.Using this target, a PCR assay with an internal amplification control was developed and shown to be specific, sensitive and applicable to the detection ofL. monocytogenesfrom artificially contaminated foods. Moreover, this comparative genomic approach could also provide a new tool in mining unique targets for other bacteria with the increasing availability of public data of genome sequences.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMERS FOR DETECTION OF MULTIPLE CERVID SPECIES IN ANIMAL FEED
Authors: SHINODA NAOKI , TAKAGI MASAMI , HAYAKAWA TOSHIAKI , ONODERA TAKASHI , SUGIURA KATSUAKI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of mammal or ruminant tissue is used for ensuring compliance with animal feed regulations for BSE protection. In the event of a positive result using the group‐specific primers for mammal or ruminant, it is necessary to identify likely species sources of the contamination. To investigate contaminated species tissue, species‐specific primer can be used such as primers for cattle, sheep or deer. Although primers for single cervid species were reported, there are risks such as false negative result or non‐availability for feed, because they are not designed for inspection of feed and for detection of multiple cervid species. In this study, we have developed primers to detect multiple cervid species in feed. The primers we developed were designed from the whole mtDNA sequences of eleven cervid species. This primer set created 133‐bp DNA fragment from various deer mtDNA, and no amplification were observed from nontarget species, several feed materials and formula feed at the same length of the target PCR product. The detection limit was 0.1 pg of the mtDNA.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONBecause existing PCR primers for cervid species are designed to detect specific cervid species, they may produce false negative results when they are used for detecting deer in general. Moreover, animal feed contains various kinds of materials and some of them may become a inhibitor of the primers. The PCR method in this study is available to be used for an investigation for the contaminated cervid species in feed or feed materials. To avoid the false negative result, a consensus sequence for designing group‐specific primers was created from 11 cervid mtDNA sequences, using a computer program. This primer set differentiates various cervid species from non‐cervid species in feed.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OFCAMPYLOBACTERSPP ISOLATED FROM CHICKENS AND HUMANS IN CENTRAL ITALY
Authors: CAMPANA R. , PATRONE V. , FEDERICI S. , FULVI S. , BAFFONE W. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colistrains, isolated from slaughtered chickens and human feces, were examined for their susceptibility to six antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim) by broth microdilution, for minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and disc diffusion assays. For the 32C. jejuniisolates, the highest levels of resistance were to trimethoprim (65.6% of the isolates by broth microdilution and 62.5% by disc diffusion) and cefotaxime (62.5% by both methods). Comparable levels of resistance to these antibiotics were found in the 24C. coliisolates. Statistically significant differences were found between allC. coliisolates for cefotaxime (P = 0.0043) using disc diffusion. A high proportion ofC. jejuniisolates show resistance to nalidixic acid using both the broth microdilution (59.4%) and disc diffusion (56.2%) methods.C. colistrains were resistant to this antibiotic showing proportions of 75% when tested by broth microdilution and 70.8% by disc diffusion.Multidrug resistance was detected in 21.8% and 62.5% ofC. jejuniandC. colistrains, respectively, by broth microdilution test and in 28.1% and 75% ofC. jejuniandC. colistrains by disc diffusion method. None of the isolates showed the same pattern of multidrug resistance.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe massive use of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry for the treatment and prevention of diseases can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria, likeCampylobacter. In turn, the consumption of infected food of animal origin may represent a vehicle of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.The aim of this study was to ascertain the antibiotic resistance distributions ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colistrains arising from both animal and human origins, in particular resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human therapies. This can contribute to evaluate the sanitary risks of foods intended for human consumption, especially those of animal source.
Tubular reabsorption and diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration
Authors: Persson P. , Hansell P. , Palm F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a common observation in early diabetes mellitus and closely correlates with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperfiltration has been explained to be the result of a reduced load of sodium and chloride passing macula densa, secondarily to an increased proximal reabsorption of glucose and sodium by the sodium‐glucose co‐transporters. This results in an inactivation of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), leading to a reduced afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and subsequently an increase in GFR. This hypothesis has recently been questioned due to the observation that adenosine A1‐receptor knockout mice, previously shown to lack a functional TGF mechanism, still display a pronounced hyperfiltration when diabetes is induced. Leyssac demonstrated in the 1960s (Acta Physiol Scand58, 1963:236) that GFR and proximal reabsorption can work independently of each other. Furthermore, by the use of micropuncture technique a reduced hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space or in the proximal tubule of diabetic rats has been observed. A reduced pressure in Bowman’s space will increase the pressure gradient over the filtration barrier and can contribute to the development of diabetic hyperfiltration. When inhibiting proximal reabsorption with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, GFR decreases and proximal tubular pressure increases. Measuring intratubular pressure allows a sufficient time resolution to reveal that net filtration pressure decreases before TGF is activated which highlights the importance of intratubular pressure as a regulator of GFR. Taken together, these results imply that the reduced intratubular pressure observed in diabetes might be crucial for the development of glomerular hyperfiltration.
Prenatal data impacts common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) growth parameters estimated by length‐at‐age curves
Authors: Neuenhoff Rachel D. , Cowan Daniel F. , Whitehead Heidi , Marshall Christopher D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCompilation of marine mammal demographic data is central to management efforts. However, marine mammal length‐at‐age growth curves demonstrate limitations. Physiological growth parameters of terrestrial mammals are typically estimated using curvilinear models fit to size‐at‐age data along a time series from conception to senescence. The difficulty of collecting and aging prenatal cetaceans is addressed here, and growth parameters of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along coastal Texas were estimated using length‐at‐age information from a broader scope of age classes, including late‐term fetuses. A Gompertz growth curve fit to pre‐ and postnatal data underestimated size parameters, but demonstrated similar growth rate constants (k) to an exclusively postnatal model. However, when growth parameters were broken out, the absolute growth rate (G) and rate of growth decay (g) decreased (0.44 from 0.27 and 0.55 from 0.39, respectively), which underscores the importance of reporting k in its expanded form (G/g). Although the Gompertz fits most age classes well, it cannot explain growth in all age classes. We argue that a novel sigmoidal model would be more useful for inference.
Extensive FUS‐Immunoreactive Pathology in Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Basophilic Inclusions
Authors: Huang Eric J. , Zhang Jiasheng , Geser Felix , Trojanowski John Q. , Strober Jonathan B. , Dickson Dennis W. , Brown, Jr Robert H. , Shapiro Barbara E. , Lomen‐Hoerth Catherine 
Published: May 2010

AbstractJuvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with basophilic inclusions is a well‐recognized entity. However, the molecular underpinnings of this devastating disease are poorly understood. Here, we present genetic and neuropathological characterizations in two young women with fatal rapidly progressive ALS with basophilic inclusions. In one case, a germline mutation (P525L) was detected in the fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) gene, whereas no mutation was identified in the other case. Postmortem examination in both cases revealed severe loss of spinal motor neurons with remaining neurons showing basophilic inclusions that contain abnormal aggregates of FUS proteins and disorganized intracellular organelles, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. In both patients, the FUS‐positive inclusions were also detected in neurons in layers IV–V of cerebral cortex and several brainstem nuclei. In contrast, spinal motor neurons in patients with late‐onset sporadic ALS showed no evidence of abnormal accumulation of FUS protein. These results underscore the importance of FUS mutations and pathology in rapidly progressive juvenile ALS. Furthermore, our study represents the first detailed characterizations of neuropathological findings in rapidly progressive juvenile ALS patients with a mutation in the FUS/TLS gene.
Hypertension Treatment and Control Among 28 Physician Practices Across the United States: Results of the Hypertension: Assessment of Treatment to Target (HATT) Study
Authors: Belletti Daniel A. , Zacker Christopher , Wogen Jenifer 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich). 2010;12:603–612. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Chart reviews were conducted at 28 US physician practices to evaluate blood pressure (BP) management. The cross‐sectional study included 8250 adult patients diagnosed with hypertension. The primary outcome variable was BP control (BP <140/90 mm Hg for nondiabetic and <130/80 mm Hg for diabetic patients). Mean body mass index was 30.9 kg/m2, 49% were obese, 54% were women, mean age was 64.9 years, and 25% had diabetes. Mean BP was 132.2/77.8 mm Hg, and 55.8% of study participants had controlled BP. Patients with uncontrolled BP were more likely to be obese or African American, and more than twice as likely to have diabetes. Almost 1 in 5 nondiabetic patients (18%), and 38% of diabetic patients, were above goal BP by >10 mm Hg systolic or >5 mm Hg diastolic; among these patients, 36% used 0 or 1 antihypertensive medication, and 32% used 2 medications. Opportunity exists to improve BP control in this population.
Comparison of Hemoglobin A1c and Fasting Glucose Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes Among People With Metabolic Syndrome and Fasting Glucose Above 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
Authors: Liberopoulos Evangelos N. , Florentin Matilda , Kei Anastazia , Mountzouri Elisavet , Agouridis Aris , Elisaf Moses S. 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich). 2010;12:543–548. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of this study was to compare hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes among people with metabolic syndrome and fasting glucose >100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). Consecutive individuals (N=142) with metabolic syndrome and fasting glucose >100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L) but without a self‐reported history of diabetes who visited the outpatient lipid and obesity clinic of the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece from January through September 2009 were included. HbA1c≥6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) were used separately to define diabetes. Overall, 29.5% of patients had both HbA1c≥6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L), 25.3% had HbA1c≥6.5% but fasting glucose <126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L), and 9.1% had HbA1c <6.5% but fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L). A greater proportion of patients reached a diagnosis of diabetes based on the HbA1c criterion (n=78, 54.9%) compared with the fasting glucose criterion (n=55, 38.7%, P=.000). A large proportion of patients (44.8%) with impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL; 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) would be classified as diabetics using the HbA1c criterion. Implication of the HbA1c criterion may increase the rate of diabetes diagnosis among people with metabolic syndrome and fasting glucose >100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L).
A Novel Echocardiographic Marker in Hypertensive Patients: Is Diastolic Dysfunction Associated With Atrial Electromechanical Abnormalities in Hypertension?
Authors: Yavuz Bunyamin , Deniz Ali , Ertugrul Derun Taner , Deveci Onur Sinan , Yalcin Ahmet Arif , Ata Naim , Kucukazman Metin , Dal Kursat , Tutal Emre 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:687–692. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Atrial arrhythmias are common problems in hypertensive patients. Atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) can be used to evaluate development of atrial arrhythmias. The authors aimed to assess inter‐ and intra‐AEMD in hypertensive patients. The study population consisted of 200 medically treated hypertensive patients and 151 normotensive controls. Inter‐AEMD and intra‐left AEMD were measured from parameters of Doppler tissue imaging. There were 72 (36%) hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction, 128 (64%) patients without diastolic dysfunction, and 151 healthy controls. Inter‐AEMD (59 ms [36–104 ms] vs 42 ms [36–68 ms] vs 46 ms [30–82 ms]) was significantly higher in hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction compared with patients without diastolic dysfunction and controls. Our data demonstrated that inter‐AEMD is longer in hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction. It may be suggested that diastolic dysfunction is associated with atrial electromechanical abnormalities, which can be associated with atrial fibrillation in hypertension.
Integrated river basin management in Southeast Asia
Authors: Meigh J.D. , Bartlett J.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe impacts and aftermath of floods affect millions of people worldwide and the poor in particular. In recent years, there has been a worldwide change in approach from flood control to flood management. The former relies mainly on engineering interventions and often achieves only localised protection. In the latter, a more holistic approach is adopted, where the whole river basin is treated as an integrated system. This paper examines three river basins in Southeast Asia where policies generated by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank were applied to determine the critical causes of flooding and the main interfaces with other water sectors.
Dystrophia Helsinglandica – corneal morphology, topography and sensitivity in a hereditary corneal disease with recurrent erosive episodes
Authors: Neira Waldir , Hammar Björn , Holopainen Juha M. , Tuisku Ilpo , Dellby Anette , Tervo Timo , Fagerholm Per 
Published: May 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to describe the morphology, corneal topography and sensitivity in individuals with Dystrophia Helsinglandica. This autosomal dominant corneal disease is characterized by recurrent corneal erosive episodes and progressive subepithelial fibrosis not significantly affecting visual acuity.Methods:  The corneas of nine affected and nine unaffected individuals were examined using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and videokeratography. Corneal mechanical sensitivity was also measured using a non‐contact esthesiometer.Results:  Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy revealed that the affected individuals represented different stages of corneal changes, from a nearly normal cornea to subepithelial fibrosis of the central cornea. Corneal changes in affected individuals did not significantly decrease the best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity. In vivo confocal microscopy detected morphological changes in the epithelium and stroma. Subepithelial opacity formation including altered keratocytes could be found in the anterior stroma in all affected eyes. With the exception of two eyes (one affected and one unaffected), all videokeratographies showed irregular astigmatism. Corneal sensitivity was significantly lower in affected individuals (p = 0.01). Age and corneal sensitivity showed no correlation.Conclusion:  The main morphological findings in affected individuals were discrete and progressive subepithelial fibrosis, in the in vivo confocal microscope corresponding to optically dense extracellular matrix and activated keratocytes. Subbasal nerve morphology was changed in the affected family members who also showed a decreased corneal sensitivity. The findings are per se not specific to the disease. The changes probably reflect a healing response to erosive events on the corneal surface influenced by the genotype.