bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Pair of (&sigma;, &tau;)-derivations of Semiprime &Gamma;-rings
Authors: Dey K. K. , Paul A. C. 
Published: September 2011

Let M be a 2-torsion free G-ring satisfying an assumption and let s,t be centralizing epimorphisms on M. Let f and g be (s, t)-derivations on M such that f(x)αx + xαg(x) = 0 for all xÎM, αÎG. Then we prove that f(u)β[x, y]α = g(u)β[x, y]α = 0 for all x, y, uÎM, α,βÎG and f, g map M into its center.Keywords. Epimorphism; Commuting; Map; Centralizing map; α-derivation; (α, β)-derivation; Prime Gamma-ring; Semiprime Gamma-ring© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7659 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 525-534 (2011)
Safety Issues of Isolated Probiotic Natured Bacteria from Bangladesh Coastal Waters for Controlling Shrimp Diseases
Authors: Rahman S. , Khan S. N. , Naser M. N. , Karim M. M. 
Published: September 2011

The use of chemotherapeutic agents has been questioned for disease management in shrimp aquaculture due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and enduring residual effects in the environments. Instead, microbial interventions in sustainable aquaculture have been proposed, and among them, the use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics has gained considerable attention. Earlier, we short-listed nineteen isolates out of ninety six bacteria, isolated from shrimp ghers of coastal areas of Bangladesh that exhibited antagonistic potential against pathogenic vibrios, and non-hemolytic property, presumably indicating their harmless behavior in mammalian system at least in vitro. This prompted us to study their cytotoxic effect in vivo using brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Six isolates were found having higher lethal values compared with others. Four of them, identified as Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. exhibited the lowest inhibition against Artemia and were considered safe. Further, in a co-culture experiment it was evident that the isolated probiotic bacteria were shown to outcompete the growth of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi due to their antagonistic properties. The probionts can now therefore be tested in culture environment of Bangladesh in order to understand the effectiveness of microbial control of bacterial diseases in shrimp aquaculture. Keywords: Probiotic bacteria; Food safety; Shrimp aquaculture; Vibrios. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7750 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 659-668 (2011)
Systèmes mixtes d'assurance maladie, équité, gestion du risque et maîtrise des coûts
Authors: Jacobzone Stéphane 
Published: September 2011

Systèmes mixtes d'assurance maladie, équité, gestion du risque et maîtrise des coûts
par Stéphane Jacobzone
Cet article étudie le caractère mixte des systèmes d'assurance maladie, en recensant notamment les divers arguments plaidant en faveur de l'intervention publique. Ceci concerne les principes redistributifs et les dysfonctionnement potentiels des mécanismes d'assurance. On montre l'intérêt de modèles de choix collectifs pour comprendre la nature des équilibres réalisés. Ceci permettra d'aborder les difficultés liées à la gestion des incitations dans les systèmes d'assurance maladie. Parmi les facteurs contribuant à l'évolution de la dépense, le rôle des interactions entre assureurs/payeurs et offreurs de soins semble déterminant, en particulier le rythme et le type d'innovation technologique privilégiée par les remboursements. Une réflexion sur les modes d'organisation montre l'intérêt de formes intégrées pour la prise en charge, éventuellement couplées avec un développement de paiements forfaitaires pour les offreurs.
La réglementation hospitalière : tarification par pathologie ou achat de soins ?
Authors: Mougeot Michel , Naegelen Florence 
Published: September 2011

La réglementation hospitalière : tarification par pathologie ou achat de soins ? par Michel Mougeot, Florence Naegelen
De nombreux pays ont mis en place des mécanismes incitatifs pour maîtriser des dépenses de santé. La tarification par pathologie repose sur une logique de concurrence par comparaison. Les quasi-marchés dans lesquels un acheteur de soins met en concurrence des offreurs reposent sur une logique d'enchère. Cet article compare les performances de ces deux modes d'organisation dans un contexte d' anti-sélection et de risque moral lorsque la quantité est fixe et la qualité observée. Les conditions de mise en œuvre des deux mécanismes sont analysées lorsqu'elles sont identiques. Il est montré que l'achat de soins par un appel d'offres avec clauses incitatives conduit à une amélioration du bien être collectif et à une baisse du coût des soins.
La nouvelle économie géographique : agglomération et dispersion
Authors: Duranton Gilles 
Published: September 2011

La nouvelle économie géographique : agglomération et dispersion par Gilles Duranton
À la croisée des chemins du commerce international, de l'économie urbaine et de la micro-économie spatiale, la nouvelle économie géographique cherche à s'imposer comme un champ d'analyse distinct. Pour évaluer son état d'avancement, cet article effectue une synthèse sur la problématique de l' agglomération et la dispersion des activités et des personnes. Les réponses proposées peuvent s'organiser suivant différentes perspectives. Ainsi, les théories existantes se focalisent sur une ou plusieurs des trois dimensions principales du problème (taille, fonctions et les localisations des agglomérations). Une autre partition est possible selon une dichotomie facteurs de proximité/forces de longue distance. L'axe d'analyse choisi ici est toutefois historique : les différentes sources d'agglomération et de dispersion agissent avec des intensités différentes selon l'état du développement économique.
La concentration géographique des industries françaises
Authors: Maurel Françoise , Sédillot Béatrice 
Published: September 2011

La concentration géographique des industries françaises par Françoise Maurel et Béatrice Sédillot
L'objet de cet article est d'apprécier empiriquement la concentration géographique des industries françaises, à partir d'une modélisation des choix de localisation des établissements suggérée par Ellison-Glaeser ( 1994). L' indicateur de concentration géographique utilisé mesure la corrélation entre les décisions d'implantation de deux établissements d'un même secteur et permet ainsi de cerner les externalités de localisation propres à une industrie. À côté des industries extractives et traditionnelles, certaines industries de haute technologie apparaissent fortement localisées. Par ailleurs, pour certaines industries, les avantages de l'agglomération dépassent les frontières du département et se mesurent à l'échelon de la région.
Fonction de production et degrés d'utilisation du capital et du travail : une analyse économétrique
Authors: Cueva Simon , Heyer Eric 
Published: September 2011

Fonction de production et degrés d'utilisation du capital et du travail :
une analyse économétrique
par Simon Cueva et Éric Heyer
Ce travail nous a permis d'étudier le rôle des degrés d'utilisation des facteurs de production dans l'estimation d'une fonction de production pour l'industrie manufacturière française. Contrairement aux travaux existant sur le sujet, nous intégrons ici à la fois la durée et le taux d'utilisation pour le capital comme pour le travail. Les résultats valident cette démarche puisque l'ensemble des degrés semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des estimations réalistes, cohérentes et significatives visant à décrire la combinaison productive.
Méthodes d'estimation de l'exposant de Hurst. Application aux rentabilités boursières
Authors: Mignon Valérie 
Published: September 2011

Methods for Estimating the Hurst Exponent: Application to Stock Market Returns
by Valérie Mignon
This paper analyses whether long memory is a characteristic of stock returns. It starts by defining the main long memory processes, such as fractional Gaussian noise and ARFJJVIA processes, which are characterised by a parameter called the Hurst exponent. We then review various methods for estimating this exponent. Finally, we apply these procedures to time series of weekly stock returns. Our findings suggest that Italian and Japanese stock returns display long memory persistence. Since long memory is directly related to the issue of market efficiency, these findings raise questions about the efficiency of Italian and Japanese capital markets.
Le système de retraite et l'équité intergénérationnelle
Authors: Tragaki Alexandra 
Published: September 2011

Le système de retraite et l'équité intergênérationnelle
par Alexandra Tragaki
Si le champ traditionnel de la recherche concernant la retraite s'intéresse fréquemment aux diagnostics et projections à long terme sur la viabilité du système, les travaux longitudinaux consacrés aux bilans des générations passées et futures demeurent, malgré leur intérêt particulier, moins nombreux. L'intérêt principal de cet article est d'examiner jusqu'à quel point les systèmes de retraite préservent la justice intertemporelle en prenant soin égal des intérêts des gens quelle que soit leur date de naissance ; autrement dit si le système fonctionne toujours sur l'uniformité, la réciprocité, l'égalité au cours du temps. L'opinion publique parle des actifs exploités, des gens qui n'arriveront jamais à récupérer la somme qu'ils auront cotisée et qui doutent de ce "contrat entre les générations". Il reste à vérifier jusqu'à quel point cette réaction est justifiée.
Convergence des productivités dans l'industrie manufacturière. Une comparaison du couple franco-allemand aux autres pays industrialisés
Authors: Boussemard Jean-Philippe , Robert Emmanuel 
Published: September 2011

Productivity convergence in the manufacturing industry. A comparison of France and Germany with other
industrialised countries
by Jean-Philippe Boussemart and Emmanuel Robert
This paper measures the total factor productivity gains and performance convergence of industrial sectors in France, Germany and the other Euro-zone countries compared with other OECD economies. It does this by computing a production frontier for 17 industries in 15 countries for the period from 1979 to 1992. This approach breaks down the productivity gains into technical efficiency variation and technological progress.
We find a definite convergence phenomenon in the industrial performances of France and Germany. This suggests that these countries' industries have already taken productivity adjustment measures to handle the irreversible transition to European Economic and Monetary Union.
Comparaisons de distributions hétérogènes et critères de dominance
Authors: Moyes Patrick 
Published: September 2011

Comparisons of Heterogeneous Distributions and dominance Criteria
by Patrick Moyes
This paper looks at standard-of-living comparisons when observations of both income and household structure are available. We generalise the Atkinson and Bourguignon approach (1987) in the case where marginal distributions of needs can vary across the household populations studied. We assume that considerate planners use a utilitarian social welfare function to rank heterogeneous income distributions. Insofar as any individual can play the role of planner, we take the unanimist point of view that the planner's judgements have to comply with a certain number of basic normative principles. We impose increasingly restrictive conditions on the household's utility function and study their effects on the resulting ranking of distributions. This leads us to propose four dominance criteria to be used for an unambiguous ranking of income distributions for heterogeneous populations.
Critères de dominance temporelle. Le manuel de l'utilisateur
Authors: Karcher Thierry , Trannoy Alain 
Published: September 2011

Temporal Dominance Criteria by Thierry Karcher and Alain Trannoy
A discounting operation is required to treat the inequaUty of wage and income careers over the life cycle. A single discount rate is often chosen more out of doctrine than a reaUstic view of the markets. In many cases, it would seem more reasonable to adhere to more approximate assumptions such as a range of discount rates. The purpose of temporal dominance is precisely to fist the cases in which such inexactitude does not prevent intertemporal income flows from being ranked. The comparison criteria obtained are based on different definitions of the concept of impatience, which is discussed in depth. A comparison of wage careers in the national education system illustrates the criteria found.
Les choix de l'âge de la retraite. Aspects incitatifs des règles du régime général et effets de la réforme de 1993
Authors: Pelé Louis-Paul , Ralle Pierre 
Published: September 2011

Retirement Age Choices. Incentives under the General Social Security Scheme Rules and Effects
of the 1993 reform by Louis-Paul Pelé and Pierre Ralle
This paper studies private-sector employees' retirement age choices in the absence of constraints. We start with a brief description of the general social security scheme and the supplementary schemes. We then propose a theoretical modeUng, which shows that it is in employees' best interests not to collect their pensions until it has reached the "full rate". Given this assumption, we study how the generation of individuals bom in 1960 would be affected by the 1993 reform. Relatively few employees would put back their retirement age. The drop in pension, affecting all employees, would depend to a great extent on the length of working Ufe.
Damage and Progression on Radiographs in Individual Joints: Data from Pivotal Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: LANDEWÉ ROBERT B.M. , STRAND VIBEKE , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , van der HEIJDE DÉSIRÉE 
Published: September 2011

Objective.Radiographic progression is usually assessed by Sharp-based methods (van der Heijde-modified Sharp score and the Genant-modified Sharp score). The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a range of randomized controlled trials (RCT), the presence of erosions and joint space narrowing (JSN) in all individual joints, as well as progression in these joints, and to determine if any redundancy exists due to infrequently involved joints.Methods.Four databases of rheumatoid arthritis RCT that were all scored according to van der Heijde’s modification of the Sharp score were included in a descriptive analysis.Results.Irrespective of different readers, different patient populations, and different disease durations per trial, similar patterns emerged. Both erosions and JSN occurred in all sites. Erosions occurred most frequently in the feet, preferentially in 5th metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-5). JSN occurred most frequently in the wrist. Change from baseline in erosions and JSN followed the pattern of involvement at baseline, so that MTP-5, and to a lesser extent MTP-3 and MTP-4, preferentially showed progression in erosive damage. Joints in the wrist showed highest tendency to worsen over time with respect to JSN.Conclusion.These data indicate that both erosions and JSN must be assessed for damage, and that a more abbreviated joint count cannot be used for radiographic scoring.
Synovitis and Osteitis Are Very Frequent in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Remission: Results from an MRI Study of 294 Patients in Clinical Remission or Low Disease Activity State
Authors: GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , EJBJERG BO , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , FOLTZ VIOLAINE , BROWN ANDREW K. , MØLLER DØHN UFFE , LASSERE MARISSA , FREESTON JANE , BØYESEN PERNILLE , BIRD PAUL , FAUTREL BRUNO , HETLAND MERETE LUND , EMERY PAUL , BOURGEOIS PIERRE , HØRSLEV-PETERSEN KIM , KVIEN TORE K. , McQUEEN FIONA , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL 
Published: September 2011

Objective.In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), radiographic progression may occur despite clinical remission. This may be explained by subclinical inflammation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a greater sensitivity than clinical examination and radiography for assessing disease activity. Our objective was to determine the MRI characteristics of RA patients in clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA) state.Methods.Databases from 6 cohorts were collected from 5 international centers. RA patients in clinical remission according to Disease Activity Score28-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP < 2.6; n = 213) or LDA-state (2.6 ≤ DAS28-CRP < 3.2; n = 81) with available MRI data were included. MRI were assessed according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS).Results.Patient characteristics: 70% women, median age 55 (interquartile range, IQR 43–63) years, disease duration 2.3 (IQR 0.7–5.1) years, DAS28-CRP 2.2 (IQR 1.8–2.6), Simplified Disease Activity Index, SDAI, 3.9 (IQR 1.9–6.5), Clinical Disease Activity Index, CDAI, 3.1 (IQR 1.5– 5.8), rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity 57%/54%, presence of radiographic erosions: 66%. Wrist and metacarpophalangeal MRI (MCP-MRI) data were available for 287 and 241 patients, respectively. MRI inflammatory activity in wrist and/or MCP joints was observed in the majority [synovitis: 95%, bone edema (osteitis): 35%] of patients. The median (IQR) RAMRIS score was 6 (3–9) for synovitis and 0 (0–2) for osteitis. Synovitis and osteitis were not less frequent in DAS28 clinical remission (synovitis/osteitis 96%/35%) than LDA (91/36). A trend towards lower frequencies of osteitis in patients in SDAI and CDAI remission was observed.Conclusion.Subclinical inflammation was identified by MRI in the majority of RA patients in clinical remission or LDA state. This may explain structural progression in such patients. Further work is required to understand the place of modern imaging in future remission criteria.
A Systematic Literature Review Analysis of Ultrasound Joint Count and Scoring Systems to Assess Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis According to the OMERACT Filter
Authors: MANDL PETER , NAREDO ESPERANZA , WAKEFIELD RICHARD J. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , D’AGOSTINO MARIA ANTONIETTA 
Published: September 2011

Objective.The OMERACT Ultrasound Task Force is currently developing a global synovitis score (GLOSS) with the objective of feasibly measuring global disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In order to determine the minimal number of joints to be included in such a scoring system, and to analyze the metric properties of proposed global (i.e., patient level) ultrasound (US) scoring systems of synovitis in RA, a systematic analysis of the literature was performed.Methods.A systematic literature search of Pubmed and Embase was performed (January 1, 1984, to March 31, 2010). Original research reports written in English including RA, ultrasound, Doppler, and scoring systems were included. The design, subjects, methods, imaging protocols, and performance characteristics studied were analyzed, as well as the ultrasound definition of synovitis.Results.Of 3004 reports identified, 14 articles were included in the review. We found a lack of clear definition of synovitis as well as varying validity data with respect to the proposed scores. Scoring systems included a wide range and number of joints. All analyzed studies assessed construct validity and responsiveness by using clinical examination, laboratory findings, and other imaging modalities as comparators. Both construct validity and responsiveness varied according to the number and size of joints examined and according to the component of synovitis measured [i.e., gray-scale (GS) or power Doppler (PD) alone or in combination]. With regard to feasibility, time of evaluation varied from 15 to 60 min and increased with the number of joints involved in the examination.Conclusions.Ultrasound can be regarded as a valuable tool for globally examining the extent of synovitis in RA. However, it is presently difficult to determine a minimal number of joints to be included in a global ultrasound score. Further validation of proposed scores is needed.
From pseudo‐3D to full‐resolution GPR imaging of a complex Roman site
Authors: Novo Alexandre , Lorenzo Henrique , Rial Fernando I. , Solla Mercedes 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis case history demonstrates how an extra effort applied to data acquisition can benefit the interpretation of 3D GPR data over a Roman site of great complexity situated in a semi‐urban area. Two surveys (during May 2007 and July 2008) were accomplished after Roman wall remains had been found, by chance, during soil removal work at Agro da Ponte (Lugo, NW Spain). The same 250 MHz antenna was used for both of them. The first campaign covered the entire area using a pseudo‐3D strategy (GPR lines spaced by 0.5 m), which was only enough for defining areas of interest and some archaeological features. Based on these results, the next campaign focused on a smaller area and was based on an ultra‐dense grid strategy (GPR lines spaced by 0.1 m), which eventually revealed full‐resolution images of walls, apses and chambers of a Roman villa.
Modulation of the Murine CD8 Gene Complex Following the Targeted Integration of Human CD2-Locus Control Region Sequences
Authors: Menzel Ursula , Kosteas Theodoros , Tolaini Mauro , Killeen Nigel , Roderick Kathleen , Kioussis Dimitris 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The human CD2 (hCD2) locus control region (LCR) inserted in the mouse CD8 gene complex activates expression of the CD8 genes in T cell subsets in which the CD8 locus is normally silenced (e.g., CD4+ single-positive T cells). In this article, we show that, in conditional mCD8/hCD2-LCR (CD8/LCR) knock-in mice, the continuous presence of the hCD2-LCR is required for this effect. Deletion of the inserted hCD2-LCR in a developmental stage and cell lineage-specific manner revealed that the temporary presence of the LCR during early development does not permanently alter the expression pattern of the CD8 genes. As a result, cells that have been affected by the insertion of the LCR can convert to their destined phenotype once the LCR is removed. DNaseI hypersensitive sites 1 and 2 of the hCD2-LCR influence the expression of the CD8 genes in a similar manner as does the full LCR, whereas insertion of hypersensitive site 3 alone of the LCR does not result in a changed expression pattern. This analysis revealed a dynamic interaction between the hCD2-LCR and the endogenous regulatory elements of the CD8 genes.