bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les différentes anomalies de la reproduction masculine sont-elles en augmentation ? Faits et controverses, possibles facteurs en cause: une analyse actualisée des données de la littérature et des registres
Authors: Auger J. 
Published: January 2011

RésuméAu cours des dernières décennies, de nombreuses observations dans la faune sauvage d’anomalies relatives à l’appareil génital et à la fonction de reproduction mâle, certaines évoquant les données de la toxicologie expérimentale, ont conduit à s’interroger sur la toxicité de facteurs environnementaux pour la reproduction de l’homme. De plus, un certain nombre d’études suggère une augmentation de la prévalence des troubles de la reproduction de l’homme adulte au cours des dernières décennies dans de nombreux pays développés. Les données les mieux documentées concernent le cancer du testicule, son rythme de croissance suggérant le rôle de facteurs environnementaux et/ou de mode de vie. Toutefois, des différences régionales et ethniques considérables dans les taux d’incidence absolue pourraient impliquer des facteurs génétiques concomitants. Parallèlement, il semble que la qualité du sperme a diminué dans de nombreux pays, à en juger aussi bien par des méta-analyses que par des analyses statistiques de données d’un seul centre. Au début des années 2000, Skakkebæk et al. à Copenhague ont formulé l’hypothèse d’une origine commune à ces différentes anomalies lors du développement du testicule durant la gestation. Existe-t-il pour ces différentes conditions des données indiquant un lien de causalité avec une exposition environnementale/professionnelle à des composés reprotoxiques ? Ne serait-ce plutôt l’exposition chronique à de très nombreux composés chimiques à faible dose qui pourrait être impliquée ? Les facteurs de style de vie jouent-ils un rôle ? L’ensemble de ces questions se fondant sur une somme d’études, dont les résultats sont loin d’être univoques, a été la source de nombreux débats aussi bien au sein de la communauté scientifique que dans les médias. Les meilleures réponses possibles à ces questions complexes sont naturellement fondamentales pour les instances en charge de l’évaluation du risque et les politiques de santé publique qu’il convient d’adopter. La présente revue donne un état des lieux actualisé de ces questions.
5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine stress response and apoptosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Patra Aditi , Deb Moonmoon , Dahiya Rajvir , Patra Samir Kumar 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
While studying on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms (DNA methylation at C-5 of –CpG– cytosine and demethylation of methylated DNA) of certain genes (FAS, CLU, E-cadh, CD44, and Cav-1) associated with prostate cancer development and its better management, we noticed that the used in vivo dose of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5.0 to 10.0 nM, sufficient to inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity in vitro) helped in the transcription of various genes with known (steroid receptors, AR and ER; ER variants, CD44, CDH1, BRCA1, TGFβR1, MMP3, MMP9, and UPA) and unknown (DAZ and Y-chromosome specific) proteins and the respective cells remained healthy in culture. At a moderate dose (20 to 200 nM) of the inhibitor, cells remain growth arrested. Upon subsequent challenge with increased dose (0.5 to 5.0 μM) of the inhibitor, we observed that the cellular morphology was changing and led to death of the cells with progress of time. Analyses of DNA and anti-, pro-, and apoptotic factors of the affected cells revealed that the molecular events that went on are characteristics of programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Wie Patienten vom Direktzugang zur Physiotherapie profitieren (könnten)
Authors: Brasch Maria , Räbiger Jutta 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
Patienten, die physiotherapeutische Leistungen benötigen, müssen sich diese vom Arzt verordnen lassen. Einen „Direktzugang“ zur Physiotherapie, wie er in anderen Ländern, z.B. den Niederlanden, Großbritannien, USA, Kanada existiert, gibt es in Deutschland bisher nicht, seine Einführung wird aber diskutiert. Dieser Artikel thematisiert die Vorteile des Direktzugangs und seine Akzeptanz bei den Patienten.
Lindblom’s lament: Incrementalism and the persistent pull of the status quo
Authors: Atkinson Michael M 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Charles Lindblom never abandoned the incremental version of decision-making he introduced in 1959, but as his work progressed he increasingly lamented the impaired quality of inquiry that characterizes public (and private) decision-making. Lindblom did not identify the precise origins of socially created incompetence, but he made it clear that incrementalism is not the source. This article suggests that two lines of intellectual inquiry—one based on institutionalism, one on behavioral economics—provide persuasive accounts of the reasons for Lindblom’s lament. In each case the status quo is a central concept and its persistent hold over decision-makers is the reason for less than timely responses to policy deficiencies. Neither line of inquiry is inconsistent with incrementalism, but each improves on Lindblom’s original formula.
COMPARISON OF LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER CHANGES, DRIVERS AND IMPACTS FOR A MOISTURE-SUFFICIENT AND DROUGHT-PRONE REGION IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Authors: ALI HUSSIEN , DESCHEEMAEKER KATRIEN , STEENHUIS TAMMO S. , PANDEY SURAJ 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYLand use and land cover changes are driven by human actions and, in turn, drive changes that alter the availability of products and services for people and livestock. For proper planning, these cause-and-effect interrelations need to be understood. This is especially important for Ethiopia where the resource base is declining and should be improved in order to feed the growing population. To better understand these interrelations, we studied trends in the natural resource base over a 35-year period for two contrasting sites in the Ethiopian Highlands: semi-arid and water-short Lenche Dima, and sub-humid and moisture-sufficient Kuhar Michael. Information was obtained using time-series satellite images, geographical positioning system, a socio-economic survey and a document review. Results showed that for sub-arid Lenche Dima there were minimal changes in land use and land cover patterns, while in water-sufficient Kuhar Michael cropland greatly increased at the expense of the grazing land and bare soil. At the same time land holding size and cattle numbers decreased in Lenche Dima while they remained the same in Kuhar Michael, although overall land holdings remained larger in Lenche Dima than in Kuhar Michael. This study thus found large differences in development of agriculture since the 1970s: intensification of agriculture is possible in the water-sufficient sub-humid climate by displacing animal husbandry with high value crops that need irrigation during the dry monsoon season. This is not possible for the semi-arid area where water is the limiting factor in production even if a market is close by. Agriculture in the semi-arid areas also requires larger land holdings because of the risk of droughts and low yields during some years. This comparative analysis suggests that without sufficient water, the shift from subsistent to commercial market-driven agriculture cannot be easily accomplished.
Effect of culture media on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization or parthenogenetic activation after oocyte maturation with cycloheximide
Authors: Marques Mariana Groke , Nascimento Anibal Ballarotti , da Costa Gerger Renato Pereira , de Arruda Gonçalves José Sergio , de Sousa Coutinho Ana Rita , Simões Renata , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Avila , Visintin José Antônio 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of reversible meiotic inhibition and different culture media (PZM3 or NCSU23) on production of porcine embryos by either in vitro fertilization (IVF) or parthenogenetic activation (PA). Oocytes from abattoir-derived ovaries were allocated into two groups for maturation: CHX (5 μg/ml cycloheximide for 10 h) or Control (no CHX). The percentage of metaphase II (MII) oocytes was determined at 36, 40 or 44 h of in vitro maturation. For IVF and PA, denuded oocytes were fertilized with purified sperm for 6 h or activated by electric stimuli. Zygotes were then subdivided into two culture groups: NCSU23 or PZM3. No effect of treatment with CHX and culture media was observed on cleavage (D3) and blastocyst (D7) rates in IVF and PA groups. There are no differences of quality or development rates between IVF-derived embryos cultured in NCSU23 or PZM3. However, we observed high quality PA embryos in PZM3 compared with NCSU23. Maturation arrest with CHX decreased the average blastocyst cell number in IVF while it was increased in PA embryos. As older oocytes are more effectively activated, CHX– blocked oocytes reached the mature stage faster than the control group. In conclusion, the CHX treatment for 10 h, followed by oocyte maturation for 40 h, is an efficient protocol to produce high quality parthenote embryos, especially when they are cultured in PZM3. However, this protocol is not satisfactory for IVF embryos production. In this case, a shorter maturation period could provide better embryo quality.
The Case for Using Policy Writing in Undergraduate Political Science Courses
Authors: Pennock Andrew 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTraditional writing assignments only teach students to write for academic settings. Assigning students policy briefs and policy memos gives them the opportunity to practice the type of writing they will perform both inside and outside of academia while still developing critical thinking skills and an understanding of the political world. Including policy-style writing assignments in the curriculum teaches undergraduates the skills demanded by their future employers, helps future academics learn how to write grant and conference proposals, offers students practice at the highest levels of Bloom's taxonomy of learning, hones synthesis and analysis, teaches students to be client-oriented, and makes students more effective citizens.
Recent development in Kirkpatrick–Baez focusing systems at the ESRF
Authors: Baker R. , Barrett R. , Dabin Y. , Gregoire J. , Malandrino G. , Manning T. , Vivo A. , Zhang L. 
Published: January 2011

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in-house designed Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) focusing systems have been extensively used for high efficiency beam focusing over the past years. More recently however, increasing interest in nanofocusing techniques has directed our development efforts towards more compact, higher stability designs for dynamic focusing systems in which the optimization of numerous parameters enables mirror bending approaching its mechanical limits. Simultaneously, progress in fixed focus mirror fabrication techniques – notably ion beam figuring, differential deposition and elastic emission machining – now make the fabrication of highly elliptical, fixed focus X-ray optics an interesting option. This has simplified conception (no bending mechanics) which in turn has led to the design of miniaturized KBs.A general overview of these recent developments in both dynamic bending and fixed focus KB systems is presented.
A pipeline for RNA-seq data processing and quality assessment
Authors: Goncalves Angela , Tikhonov Andrew , Brazma Alvis , Kapushesky Misha 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Summary: We present an R based pipeline, ArrayExpressHTS, for pre-processing, expression estimation and data quality assessment of high-throughput sequencing transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) datasets. The pipeline starts from raw sequence files and produces standard Bioconductor R objects containing gene or transcript measurements for downstream analysis along with web reports for data quality assessment. It may be run locally on a user's own computer or remotely on a distributed R-cloud farm at the European Bioinformatics Institute. It can be used to analyse user's own datasets or public RNA-seq datasets from the ArrayExpress Archive.
Availability: The R package is available at www.ebi.ac.uk/tools/rcloud with online documentation at www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/rwiki/, also available as supplementary material.
Contact: angela.goncalves@ebi.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inhibition of paracetamol glucuronidation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Liu Yong , Ramírez Jacqueline , Ratain Mark J. 
Published: January 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Clinical cases reported that fatal acute liver failure occurred when paracetamol (acetaminophen) was co‐administrated with some tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The direct inhibition of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase activities has been identified as a mechanism of potentiation of paracetamol hepatotoxicity. However, the effects of TKIs on paracetamol glucuronidation are not known.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• The TKIs, sorafenib, dasatinib and imatinib exhibited potent mixed inhibition against paracetamol glucuronidation in pooled human liver microsomes, implying a possible increase in paracetamol hepatotoxicity when they are co‐administrated with paracetamol.AIMSWe aimed to investigate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on paracetamol (acetaminophen) glucuronidation.METHODSThe inhibition of nine small molecule TKIs on paracetamol glucuronidation was investigated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).RESULTSSorafenib, dasatinib and imatinib exhibited mixed inhibition against paracetamol glucuronidation in pooled HLMs, and potent inhibition in UGT1A9 and UGT2B15. Dasatinib and imatinib also inhibited UGT1A1‐mediated paracetamol glucuronidation. Axitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, nilotinib and vandetanib exhibited weak inhibition of paracetamol glucuronidation activity in HLMs.CONCLUSIONSThe inhibition of paracetamol glucuronidation by TKIs might be of particular concern when they are co‐administered.
Induction of β-defensins byl-isoleucine as novel immunotherapy in experimental murine tuberculosis
Authors: Rivas-Santiago C E , Rivas-Santiago B , León D A , Castañeda-Delgado J , Hernández Pando R 
Published: January 2011

SummaryTuberculosis is a worldwide health problem, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively multidrug-resistant (XMDR) strains are rapidly emerging and threatening the control of this disease. These problems motivate the search for new treatment strategies. One potential strategy is immunotherapy using cationic anti-microbial peptides. The capacity of l-isoleucine to induce beta-defensin expression and its potential therapeutic efficiency were studied in a mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. BALB/c mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv or with a MDR clinical isolate by the intratracheal route. After 60 days of infection, when disease was in its progressive phase, mice were treated with 250 µg of intratracheal l-isoleucine every 48 h. Bacillary loads were determined by colony-forming units, protein and cytokine gene expression were determined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR), respectively, and tissue damage was quantified by automated morphometry. Administration of l-isoleucine induced a significant increase of beta-defensins 3 and 4 which was associated with decreased bacillary loads and tissue damage. This was seen in animals infected with the antibiotic-sensitive strain H37Rv and with the MDR clinical isolate. Thus, induction of beta-defensins might be a potential therapy that can aid in the control of this significant infectious disease.
Epithelial transport and deamidation of gliadin peptides: a role for coeliac disease patient immunoglobulin A
Authors: Rauhavirta T , Qiao S-W , Jiang Z , Myrsky E , Loponen J , Korponay-Szabó I R , Salovaara H , Garcia-Horsman J A , Venäläinen J , Männistö P T , Collighan R , Mongeot A , Griffin M , Mäki M , Kaukinen K , Lindfors K 
Published: January 2011

Summary
In coeliac disease, the intake of dietary gluten induces small-bowel mucosal damage and the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)A class autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TG2). We examined the effect of coeliac patient IgA on the apical-to-basal passage of gluten-derived gliadin peptides p31–43 and p57–68 in intestinal epithelial cells. We demonstrate that coeliac IgA enhances the passage of gliadin peptides, which could be abolished by inhibition of TG2 enzymatic activity. Moreover, we also found that both the apical and the basal cell culture media containing the immunogenic gliadin peptides were able to induce the proliferation of deamidation-dependent coeliac patient-derived T cells even in the absence of exogenous TG2. Our results suggest that coeliac patient IgA could play a role in the transepithelial passage of gliadin peptides, a process during which they might be deamidated.
High rates of anaerobic methanotrophy at low sulfate concentrations with implications for past and present methane levels
Authors: BEAL E. J. , CLAIRE M. W. , HOUSE C. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite the importance of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) to global biogeochemical cycles, the relationship between sulfate concentration and the rate of AOM has not been previously experimentally constrained. Here, we present measurements showing substantial methane oxidation at low sulfate concentrations, with no significant decrease in the rate of AOM until sulfate levels are well below 1 mm. At sulfate levels below 1 mm, there appears to be a strong decoupling of AOM and sulfate reduction, with a 13C‐label transferred from methane to carbon dioxide occurring at a rate almost an order of magnitude faster than the observed rate of sulfate reduction. These results allow for the possibility that high rates of AOM occurred in the Archean oceans and that high rates of AOM may be found in freshwater environments (lakes, rivers, etc.) and deep ocean sediments today.
Retracted: Role of hypoxia‐inducible factors in the dexrazoxane‐mediated protection of cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin‐induced toxicity
Authors: Spagnuolo RD , Recalcati S , Tacchini L , Cairo G 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIron aggravates the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin, a widely used anticancer anthracycline, and the iron chelator dexrazoxane is the only agent protecting against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of iron in doxorubicin‐mediated cardiotoxicity and the protective role of dexrazoxane remain to be established. As iron is required for the degradation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF), which control the expression of antiapoptotic and protective genes, we tested the hypothesis that dexrazoxane‐dependent HIF activation may mediate the cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHCell death, protein levels (by immunoblotting) and HIF‐mediated transcription (using reporter constructs) were evaluated in the rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line exposed to low doses of doxorubicin with or without dexrazoxane pretreatment. HIF levels were genetically manipulated by transfecting dominant‐negative mutants or short hairpin RNA.KEY RESULTSTreatment with dexrazoxane induced HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α protein levels and transactivation capacity in H9c2 cells. It also prevented the induction of cell death and apoptosis by exposure of H9c2 cells to clinically relevant concentrations of doxorubicin. Suppression of HIF activity strongly reduced the protective effect of dexrazoxane. Conversely, HIF‐1α overexpression protected against doxorubicin‐mediated cell death and apoptosis also in cells not exposed to the chelator. Exposure to dexrazoxane increased the expression of the HIF‐regulated, antiapoptotic proteins survivin, Mcl1 and haem oxygenase.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSOur results showing HIF‐dependent prevention of doxorubicin toxicity in dexrazoxane‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes suggest that HIF activation may be a mechanism contributing to the protective effect of dexrazoxane against anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
bPiDI: a novel selective α6β2* nicotinic receptor antagonist and preclinical candidate treatment for nicotine abuse
Authors: Wooters Thomas E , Smith Andrew M , Pivavarchyk Marharyta , Siripurapu Kiran B , McIntosh J Michael , Zhang Zhenfa , Crooks Peter A , Bardo Michael T , Dwoskin Linda P 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSENicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing α6β2 subunits expressed by dopamine neurons regulate nicotine‐evoked dopamine release. Previous results show that the α6β2* nAChR antagonist,N,N′‐dodecane‐1,12‐diyl‐bis‐3‐picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB) inhibits nicotine‐evoked dopamine release from dorsal striatum and decreases nicotine self‐administration in rats. However, overt toxicity emerged with repeated bPiDDB treatment. The current study evaluated the preclinical pharmacology of a bPiDDB analogue.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe C10analogue of bPiDDB,N,N‐decane‐1,10‐diyl‐bis‐3‐picolinium diiodide (bPiDI), was evaluated preclinically for nAChR antagonist activity.KEY RESULTSbPiDI inhibits nicotine‐evoked [3H]dopamine overflow (IC50 = 150 nM,Imax = 58%) from rat striatal slices. Schild analysis revealed a rightward shift in the nicotine concentration–response curve and surmountability with increasing nicotine concentration; however, the Schild regression slope differed significantly from 1.0, indicating surmountable allosteric inhibition. Co‐exposure of maximally inhibitory concentrations of bPiDI (1 µM) and the α6β2* nAChR antagonist α‐conotoxin MII (1 nM) produced inhibition not different from either antagonist alone, indicating that bPiDI acts at α6β2* nAChRs. Nicotine treatment (0.4 mg·kg−1·day−1, 10 days) increased more than 100‐fold the potency of bPiDI (IC50 = 1.45 nM) to inhibit nicotine‐evoked dopamine release. Acute treatment with bPiDI (1.94–5.83 µmol·kg−1, s.c.) specifically reduced nicotine self‐administration relative to responding for food. Across seven daily treatments, bPiDI decreased nicotine self‐administration; however, tolerance developed to the acute decrease in food‐maintained responding. No observable body weight loss or lethargy was observed with repeated bPiDI.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese results are consistent with the hypothesis that α6β2* nAChR antagonists have potential for development as pharmacotherapies for tobacco smoking cessation.