bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of transesophageal Doppler as a sole cardiac output monitor for reperfusion hemodynamic changes during living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Hussien M. , Refaat E. , Fayed N. , Yassen K. , Khalil M. , Mourad W. 
Published: August 2011

Aims:
To report the use of transesophageal Doppler (TED), a minimally invasive cardiac output (COP) monitor, before, during and after reperfusion and study its effect on anesthetic management during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Setting and Design:
A prospective observational study.

Methods:
A total of 25 consecutive recipients with a MELD score between 15 and 20 were enrolled. Data were recorded at baseline (TB); anhepatic phase (TA); and post-reperfusion — 1, 5, 10 and 30 minutes. Fluid therapy was guided by corrected flow time (FTc) of the TED. Packed red blood cells (RBCs) were only given when hematocrit was less than 25%. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard laboratory tests were used to guide component blood products requirements.

Results:
Post-reperfusion, the COP, Cardiac Index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) increased significantly at all points of measurements; this was associated with a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P; < .05). Immediately post-reperfusion, for 5 minutes, mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) dropped significantly (P < .05), and 14 out of the 25 patients required boluses of epinephrine (10 μg) to restore the mean ABP; 3 of the 14 patients required norepinephrine infusion till the end of surgery. Central venous pressure (CVP) and urine output (UOP) at all measures were maintained adequately with FTc-guided fluid replacement. Eight out of the 25 patients required no blood transfusion, and 4 of the 8 patients required no catecholamine support.

Conclusion:
TED as a sole monitor for COP was able to present significant and reliable changes in the cardiovascular status of the recipients during reperfusion, which could help to guide fluid- and drug-supportive therapy in this population of patients. This preliminary study needs to be applied on a larger scale.
Comparison of streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA™) with the laryngeal mask airway Proseal™ for lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries in paralyzed, anesthetized patients
Authors: Abdellatif Ashraf Abualhassan , Ali Monaz Abdulrahman 
Published: August 2011

Context:
Supraglottic airway devices have been used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during laparoscopic surgery.

Aims:
The study was designed to compare the efficacy of Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA) for positive pressure ventilation and postoperative complications with the Laryngeal Mask Airway ProSeal (PLMA) for patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopies under general anesthesia with controlled ventilation.

Settings and Design:
Prospective, crossover randomized controlled trial performed on patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods:
A total of 120 patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries were randomly allocated into two equal groups; PLMA and SLIPA groups. Number of intubation attempts, insertion time, ease of insertion, and fiberoptic bronchoscopic view were recorded. Lung mechanics data were collected 5 minutes after securing the airway, then after abdominal insufflation. Blood traces and regurgitation were checked for; postoperative sore throat and other complications were recorded.

Statistical Analysis:
Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated and statistical analyses were performed for each group. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables exhibiting normal distribution, and Chi-squared test for noncontinuous variables. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Insertion time, first insertion success rate, and ease of insertion were comparable in both groups. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic view was significantly better and epiglottic downfolding was significantly lower in SLIPA group. Sealing pressure and lung mechanics were similar. Gastric distension was not observed in both groups. Postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in PACU in PLMA group. Blood traces on the device were significantly more in SLIPA group.

Conclusions:
SLIPA can be used as a useful alternative to PLMA in patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgery with muscle relaxant and controlled ventilation.
Epidural anesthesia and post-operative analgesia for bilateral inguinal mesh hernioplasty
Authors: Korula Sara , George Grace Maria , Ipe Shaloo , Abraham Saramma P. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives:
Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic, which is structurally very similar to bupivacaine but produces less motor block and less cardiac and central nervous system toxicity. It is also about 40% less potent than bupivacaine. Our double blind study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of the equipotent doses of ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5% for epidural anesthesia and ropivacaine 0.2% and bupivacaine 0.125% for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing bilateral mesh hernioplasty.

Methods:
Sixty-one patients were randomized to receive 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine. Sensory and motor block characteristics were compared. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and adverse effects were noted. For post-operative analgesia, 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.125% bupivacaine were given as continuous epidural infusion. Analgesia using VAS scores, motor block, volume of local anesthetic used and patient satisfaction was assessed.

Results:
There was no significant variation in the sensory block profile. A greater intensity of motor block was achieved with bupivacaine in the beginning but by 30 minutes the difference was not significant. Duration of motor block was similar in the two groups. Visual analog scale scores were similar in both groups during the post-operative period, with a similar motor block profile. No major side effects were noted in any group.

Conclusion:
The equipotent doses of ropivacaine and bupivacaine provided good quality epidural anesthesia and post-operative analgesia.
A single-centre randomized-controlled trial to study effect of dilution on propofol-induced injection pain at injection site
Authors: Aggarwal Sourabh , Kumar Mahendra , Sharma Vishal 
Published: August 2011

Background:
Propofol is a commonly used short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent. A major disadvantage of propofol is pain at injection site with high incidence up to 90%. Various modalities have been tried to obtund propofol-induced pain; however, search for an ideal agent continues. We assessed the effect of double and triple dilution of 1% propofol emulsion with normal saline on pain at injection site.

Methods:
This randomized, double-blinded study was done on 60 adult patients of both sexes, belonging to ASA grade I and II scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, divided into three groups named I, II, III of 20 patients each. The patients of group I, II, and III received 1% propofol 2 ml, 0.5% propofol 4 ml, and 0.33% propofol 6 ml, respectively, over a period of 4 s and pain felt was assessed.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the pain score in group II as compared to patients in group I. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the pain score in group III as compared to patients in group I (P value 0.02) and group II (P value 0.03).

Conclusions:
We found a significant decrease in both incidence and severity of pain during injection with a 0.33% propofol solution without significant adverse hemodynamic effects. The small size of data was a limitation in our study and a large-scale study will be needed to prove its therapeutic beneficence.
A comparison of the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dave Jaydev , Vaghela Sandip 
Published: August 2011

Aim:
To compare the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging procedures.

Methods:
Sixty children between the age of 1 to 7 years were randomly distributed into two groups: The dexmedetomidine (D) group received 1 μg/kg initial dose followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h, and the propofol group (P) received 3 mg/kg initial dose, followed by a continuous infusion of 100 μg/kg/min. Inadequate sedation was defined as difficulty in completing the procedure because of the child's movement during magnetic resonance imaging. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded during the study.

Result:
The onset of sedation, recovery, and discharge time were significantly shorter in group P than in group D. MAP, heart rate, and RR decreased during sedation from the baseline values in both groups. MAP and RR were significantly lower in group P than in group D during sedation. Dexmedetomidine and propofol provided adequate sedation in most of the children.

Conclusion:
We conclude that although propofol provided faster anesthetic induction and recovery times, it caused hypotension and desaturation. Dexmedetomidine could be an alternative, reliable sedative drug to propofol in selected patients.
Maximal Sets of Pairwise Orthogonal Vectors in Finite Fields
Authors: Vinh Le Anh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGiven a positive integern, a finite fieldofqelements (qodd), and a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear formBon, we determine the largest possible cardinality of pairwiseB-orthogonal subsets, that is, for any two vectorsx,y∈ Ε, one hasB(x,y) = 0.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability education: A trans-Atlantic comparison
Authors: Moon Jeremy , Orlitzky Marc 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUsing a sample of 72 European and 22 North American educational institutions, we examine the extent to which business schools in North America and Europe are driving educational programs and initiatives in corporate social responsibility and sustainability (CSRS). Drawing on several theoretical perspectives, such as institutional-comparative perspectives and resource dependence theory, the study indicates the increasing prominence of CSRS education in business schools on both continents. It does so through analysis of the extent to which business schools offer (a) dedicated CSRS programs, (b) CSRS tracks and majors, (c) compulsory CSRS classes or modules, and (d) optional CSRS modules across the range of taught programs. Contrary to some previous findings, religious affiliation, public/private status, and program size had only a negligible direct association with schools' commitment to CSRS education. However, business school prestige showed a statistically significant relationship. Finally, the study highlights how European respondents' perceptions concerning the primary drivers and constraints of CSRS initiatives differed from those in North America.
Corporate social responsibility in management education: Current status in Spanish universities
Authors: Setó-Pamies Dolors , Domingo-Vernis Misericordia , Rabassa-Figueras Noemí 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the context of education for sustainable development, the purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of a study in Spain into the extent to which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is taught in management schools. The study makes an exploratory and descriptive web-content analysis of the curriculum and subjects on Business and Management degrees at all universities in Spain. Our findings show that a high percentage of universities include CSR-related subjects on their curriculum. CSR content is taught as either specific CSR subjects (stand-alone CSR subjects) or as part of various subjects on the academic curriculum (embedded CSR subjects). Although at first sight our findings may seem promising, a more detailed analysis shows that few universities include stand-alone CSR subjects and that although many universities have embedded CSR subjects, the CSR content is by no means fully developed.
Integration of sustainable development in higher education's curricula of applied economics: Large-scale assessments, integration strategies and barriers
Authors: Ceulemans Kim , De Prins Marijke , Cappuyns Valérie , De Coninck Wouter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe attention for sustainable development (SD) is ever growing (Van Poeck, Vandenabeele, & Bruyninckx, 2009). Although the importance of SD integration in higher education (HE), both on strategic and operational level, is often stressed, actual measurements of this integration are less frequent. Therefore, a large scale assessment was set up to assess SD integration within 33 professionally and academically oriented programs of applied economics in a total of 22 Flemish HE institutions. The integration of SD in applied economics programs is crucial for society, among others because business students are our future managers (Ceulemans & De Prins, 2010). The interrelations between different SD integration strategies and the barriers to them were also studied in this research, leading us to a new concept, where two different dimensions of SD integration are combined. From the research we can conclude that an SD integration approach that combines horizontal and vertical integration with bottom-up and top-down seems to be the most beneficial for sustained SD integration efforts.
Human flourishing as a foundation for a new sustainability oriented business school curriculum: Open questions and possible answers
Authors: McKenna Bernard , Biloslavo Roberto 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBecause ‘doing business’ significantly contributes to altering the Earth's atmosphere and depleting limited natural resources, business education should be re-oriented so that global sustainability is the core and economic sustainability a subset. The neo-Aristotelian foundation of this paper proposes eudaimonia (human flourishing) as a teleology, and divides human activity, particularly learning into technē (practical utilitarian skills) and phronesis (experience, insight, and intuition). By developing intellectual, affective, and moral virtues, business students can attain a meta-virtue of phronesis, which provides a potential capacity to deal with uncertainty, mutability, and duality of human life and development. The principles of social practice wisdom provide the basis of a proposed sustainability curriculum.
Modeling the bullying prevention program design recommendations of students from grades five to eight: a discrete choice conjoint experiment
Authors: Cunningham Charles E. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Cunningham Lesley J. , Chen Yvonne , Ratcliffe Jenna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe used a discrete choice conjoint experiment to model the bullying prevention recommendations of 845 students from grades 5 to 8 (aged 9–14). Students made choices between experimentally varied combinations of 14 four‐level prevention program attributes. Latent class analysis yielded three segments. The high impact segment (27.1%) recommended uniforms, mandatory recess activities, four playground supervisors, surveillance cameras, and 4‐day suspensions when students bully. The moderate impact segment (49.5%) recommended discretionary uniforms and recess activities, four playground supervisors, and 3‐day suspensions. Involvement as a bully or bully‐victim was associated with membership in a low impact segment (23.4%) that rejected uniforms and surveillance cameras. They recommended fewer anti‐bullying activities, discretionary recess activities, fewer playground supervisors, and the 2‐day suspensions. Simulations predicted most students would recommend a program maximizing student involvement combining prevention with moderate consequences. The simulated introduction of mandatory uniforms, surveillance cameras, and long suspensions reduced overall support for a comprehensive program, particularly among students involved as bullies or bully‐victims. Aggr Behav 37:521–537, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meta‐analysis of the interrelationships between employee lateness, absenteeism, and turnover: Implications for models of withdrawal behavior
Authors: Berry Christopher M. , Lelchook Ariel M. , Clark Malissa A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe meta‐analyzed the correlations between voluntary employee lateness, absenteeism, and turnover to (i) provide the most comprehensive estimates to date of the interrelationships between these withdrawal behaviors; (ii) test the viability of a withdrawal construct; and (iii) evaluate the evidence for competing models of the relationships between withdrawal behaviors (i.e., alternate forms, compensatory forms, independent forms, progression of withdrawal, and spillover model). Corrected correlations were .26 between lateness and absenteeism, .25 between absenteeism and turnover, and .01 between lateness and turnover. These correlations were even smaller in recent studies that had been carried out since the previous meta‐analyses of these relationships 15–20 years ago. The small‐to‐moderate intercorrelations are not supportive of a withdrawal construct that includes lateness, absenteeism, and turnover. These intercorrelations also rule out many of the competing models of the relationships between withdrawal behaviors, as many of the models assume all relationships will be positive, null, or negative. On the basis of path analyses using meta‐analytic data, the progression of withdrawal model garnered the most support. This suggests that lateness may moderately predict absenteeism and absenteeism may moderately predict turnover. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative characterization of the mesothelioma‐inducing erionite series minerals by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy
Authors: Dogan Meral 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAir‐collected erionite series minerals from Cappadocia region of Turkey were characterized quantitatively by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy aided identification of fibrous minerals. Quantitative characterization guidelines for positive identification of erionites proposed by Dogan and Dogan (2008) was applied and the modified balance error formula (E%<10) and Mg‐content test <0.80 were performed for each analysis. Erionite species computation showed that the mineral is erionite‐K and a mean chemical formula is proposed based upon the TEM‐EDS results. Among the 60 analyses, 11 passed E% test (18.3%), 33 passed Mg‐content test (55.0%), and only 3 passed both E% and Mg‐content tests (5.0%). This shows difficulty of quantitative characterization of the erionite series minerals. However, as erionite is the most carcinogenic mineral known and is classified by IARC as a Group‐I (human) carcinogen, it requires special attention from the mineralogical community to help establish its true mineralogical properties. Quantitatively characterized erionite data are very scarce in literature. Correctly identified erionite mineral types will be useful to medical researchers in their search to find a possible cure for the deadly disease of mesothelioma. SCANNING 34: 37–42, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direction of outward FDI of EMNEs: Evidence from the Indian pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Bhaumik Sumon Kumar , Driffield Nigel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article seeks to add to the small but growing literature of emerging‐market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Using two linked large firm‐level databases, it seeks to explore the determinants of outward investment of Indian pharmaceutical companies, distinguishing between developed‐ versus developing‐country destinations. It specifically examines the impact of two firm‐level characteristics that embody “non‐OLI” [ownership, location, and internalization] firm‐specific capabilities of EMNEs. The finding of this study is that family firms are keen on investing in other developing countries but much less so in developed countries. However, international linkages in the form of foreign investors offset this. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Maternal Stress on Birth Outcomes: Exploiting a Natural Experiment
Authors: Torche Florencia 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A growing body of research highlights that in utero conditions are consequential for individual outcomes throughout the life cycle, but research assessing causal processes is scarce. This article examines the effect of one such condition—prenatal maternal stress—on birth weight, an early outcome shown to affect cognitive, educational, and socioeconomic attainment later in life. Exploiting a major earthquake as a source of acute stress and using a difference-in-difference methodology, I find that maternal exposure to stress results in a significant decline in birth weight and an increase in the proportion of low birth weight. This effect is focused on the first trimester of gestation, and it is mediated by reduced gestational age rather than by factors affecting the intrauterine growth of term infants. The findings highlight the relevance of understanding the early emergence of unequal outcomes and of investing in maternal well-being since the onset of pregnancy.
Postacute Care and Ischemic Stroke Mortality: Findings From an Integrated Health Care System in Northern California
Authors: Wang Hua , Sandel M. Elizabeth , Terdiman Joe , Armstrong Mary Anne , Klatsky Arthur , Camicia Michelle , Sidney Steven 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo study the association of postacute care (PAC) settings and mortality outcome of patients who sustained an ischemic stroke.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAn integrated health care system in northern California.ParticipantsPatients who sustained an acute ischemic stroke between 1996 and 2004, survived the initial acute care hospital stay, and received PAC services within 14 days of discharge (n = 16,538) and 61 days of discharge (n = 16,468).InterventionsPAC rehabilitation ranked by resource level, that is, inpatient rehabilitation hospital (IRH), skilled nursing facility (SNF), home health (HH), and outpatient (OP) rehabilitation.Main Outcome MeasurementsOne‐year mortality after acute care hospital discharge.ResultsThe highest level of PAC services received within 14 days of acute care discharge was IRH for 5.6% of patients, SNF for 48.3% of patients, HH for 18.9% of patients, and OP for 27.3% of patients. The highest level of PAC services received within 61 days of acute care discharge was IRH for 10.9% of patients, SNF for 40.4% of patients, HH for 19.1% of patients, and OP for 29.6% of patients. Cox proportional hazard models showed that patients whose highest level of PAC service was provided by an IRH, through HH, or OP had a significantly better 1‐year survival than did those admitted to an SNF. The following factors were associated with a higher risk of 1‐year mortality: older age, male gender, African American ethnicity, history of previous stroke, higher Deyo‐Charlson comorbidity scores, a longer acute care hospital stay, and hospitalization in one remotely located health service area.ConclusionsIn the year after a stroke occurred, the rate of patient survival varied based on PAC rehabilitation services. Age, gender, race or ethnicity, history of a previous stroke, comorbid conditions, and service area also were significantly associated with 1‐year mortality after acute care discharge. Further investigation of the differences in mortality among PAC settings is indicated.