bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Social Support Provided to Smokers
Authors: Stewart Diana W. , Thomas Janet L. , Copeland Amy L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Cessation efforts and maintained abstinence in smokers have been associated with social support from others (i.e., ‘support persons’). Characteristics of support persons appear to affect the amount and quality of support provided to adults who smoke. In the present investigation, the relationship between support person characteristics and perceived quality and quantity of smoking-specific support provided was examined. Method: College students (N = 244) were asked to identify an adult who smokes about whom they were concerned. Participants reported demographic and smoking-related information about themselves and their identified smoker and perceptions of positive and negative smoking-specific social support provided. Results: Results indicated significant differences in smoking status (p < .05), such that current and ex-smokers reported providing more negative support than never smokers. Additionally, participants romantically involved with their smokers reported providing more positive (p < .05) support than those in other relationships. Discussion: Findings suggest the importance of relationship in the perception of support provided during the cessation process and highlight the need for future research in this area.
Apoglossum gregarium (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Greece: a new record for the eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Tsiamis Konstantinos , Bellou Nikoleta 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Apoglossum gregarium, a minute deep-water red alga considered an alien in the Mediterranean Sea, was previously known only from the western basin. The present paper reports A. gregarium for the first time off Greece, in the eastern Mediterranean basin. It was found on artificial substrata at 50 m depth in the southeastern Ionian Sea. The Greek specimens were identical to previous Mediterranean descriptions. Moreover, the Greek habitat is the deepest ever recorded for the species. Associated flora as well as biogeographical data are also provided. Based on its worldwide distribution, the possibility that A. gregarium is native to the Mediterranean Sea should not be ruled out.
Association of intramyocellular, intraperitoneal and liver fat with glucose tolerance in severely obese adolescents
Authors: Saukkonen Tero , Heikkinen Sami , Hakkarainen Antti , Häkkinen Anna-Maija , van Leemput Koen , Lipsanen-Nyman Marita , Lundbom Nina 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveImpaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is common among obese adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between glucose tolerance and intramyocellular, intra-abdominal and liver fat in adolescents presenting with early-onset severe obesity.Design and methodsWe studied 21 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years, range 11.5–15.9 years) referred to secondary care due to severe obesity (relative weight for height >+60% or body mass index >98th percentile for age and sex, before the age of 10 years) and their eight non-obese siblings (mean age 14.4 years, range 11.8–16.7 years). All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance tests, followed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure the intramyocellular fat content in mainly oxidative soleus and mainly glycolytic tibialis anterior muscles. MRS was also used to measure liver fat. Abdominal fat (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal) was measured using MR imaging.ResultsCompared with their non-obese siblings, the obese adolescents had increased fat deposition in all anatomic locations studied. Eight obese adolescents had IGT, and they also had increased intramyocellular fat in the soleus (P=0.03) and increased intraperitoneal fat (P=0.04) compared with obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In contrast, no significant difference was seen between obese adolescents with NGT and IGT in liver fat (P=0.9) or intramyocellular fat in the tibialis anterior (P=0.13). In logistic regression analysis, increased soleus intramyocellular fat and intraperitoneal fat were significant predictors of IGT.ConclusionsIGT in obese adolescents is associated with increased intramyocellular and intraperitoneal fat rather than liver fat.
GH in combination with bisphosphonate treatment in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Antoniazzi Franco , Monti Elena , Venturi Giacomo , Franceschi Roberto , Doro Francesco , Gatti Davide , Zamboni Giorgio , Tatò Luciano 
Published: July 2010

ObjectiveTo verify the effects of bisphosphonates (Bps) in combination with recombinant human GH (rGH) in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients; we focused on possible improvement of bone mineral density (BMD), projected bone areas, growth velocity, and fractures risk.DesignA randomized controlled 1-year clinical trial on 30 prepubertal children (M:F=14:16) affected by OI (type I, IV, and III) being treated with neridronate.MethodsFollowing an observational period of 12 months during ongoing neridronate treatment, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: 15 were treated for 12 months with rGH and neridronate (group Bp+rGH) and 15 continued neridronate alone (group Bp). We evaluated auxological parameters, number of fractures, bone age (BA), bone metabolic parameters, and bone mass measurements (at lumbar spine and radius by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).ResultsThe mean variation in percentage of BMD (Δ%BMD) – at lumbar spine (L2–L4), at distal and ultradistal radius – and the projected area of lumbar spine increased significantly in group Bp+rGH (P<0.05). Growth velocity was significantly higher during rGH treatment in group Bp+rGH versus group Bp and versus pretreatment (P<0.05), with no difference in increase in BA or fracture risk rate. Patients with quantitative (-qt) collagen synthesis defects had a higher, although not significant, response to rGH in terms of growth velocity and BMD.ConclusionsIn OI patients, the combined rGH–Bp treatment may give better results than Bp treatment alone, in terms of BMD, lumbar spine projected area and growth velocity, particularly in patients with quantitative defects.
The Genetic Architecture of Grain Yield and Related Traits inZea maizeL. Revealed by Comparing Intermated and Conventional Populations
Authors: Huang Yung-Fen , Madur Delphine , Combes Valérie , Ky Chin Long , Coubriche Denis , Jamin Philippe , Jouanne Sophie , Dumas Fabrice , Bouty Ellen , Bertin Pascal , Charcosset Alain , Moreau Laurence 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing advanced intermated populations has been proposed as a way to increase the accuracy of mapping experiments. An F3 population of 300 lines and an advanced intermated F3 population of 322 lines, both derived from the same parental maize inbred lines, were jointly evaluated for dry grain yield (DGY), grain moisture (GM), and silking date (SD). Genetic variance for dry grain yield was significantly lower in the intermated population compared to the F3 population. The confidence interval around a QTL was on average 2.31 times smaller in the intermated population compared to the F3 population. One controversy surrounding QTL mapping is whether QTL identified in fact represent single loci. This study identifies two distinct loci for dry grain yield in the intermated population in coupling phase, while the F3 identifies only a single locus. Surprisingly, fewer QTL were detected in the intermated population than the F3 (21 vs. 30) and &lt;50% of the detected QTL were shared among the two populations. Cross-validation showed that selection bias was more important in the intermated population than in the F3 and that each detected QTL explained a lower percentage of the variance. This finding supports the hypothesis that QTL detected in conventional populations correspond mainly to clusters of linked QTL. The actual number of QTL involved in the genetic architecture of complex traits may be substantially larger, with effect sizes substantially smaller than in conventional populations.
The Synaptonemal Complex Shapes the Crossover Landscape Through Cooperative Assembly, Crossover Promotion and Crossover Inhibition During Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis
Authors: Hayashi Michiko , Mlynarczyk-Evans Susanna , Villeneuve Anne M 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a highly ordered proteinaceous structure that assembles at the interface between aligned homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. The SC has been demonstrated to function both in stabilization of homolog pairing and in promoting the formation of interhomolog crossovers (COs). How the SC provides these functions and whether it also plays a role in inhibiting CO formation has been a matter of debate. Here we provide new insight into assembly and function of the SC by investigating the consequences of reducing (but not eliminating) SYP-1, a major structural component of the SC central region, during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. First, we find an increased incidence of double CO (DCO) meiotic products following partial depletion of SYP-1 by RNAi, indicating a role for SYP-1 in mechanisms that normally limit crossovers to one per homolog pair per meiosis. Second, syp-1 RNAi worms exhibit both a strong preference for COs to occur on the left half of the X chromosome and a significant bias for SYP-1 protein to be associated with the left half of the chromosome, implying that the SC functions locally in promoting COs. Distribution of SYP-1 on chromosomes in syp-1 RNAi germ cells provides strong corroboration for cooperative assembly of the SC central region and indicates that SYP-1 preferentially associates with X chromosomes when it is present in limiting quantities. Further, the observed biases in the distribution of both COs and SYP-1 protein support models in which synapsis initiates predominantly in the vicinity of pairing centers (PCs). However, discontinuities in SC structure and clear gaps between localized foci of PC-binding protein HIM-8 and X chromosome-associated SYP-1 stretches allow refinement of models for the role of PCs in promoting synapsis. Our data suggest that the CO landscape is shaped by a combination of three attributes of the SC central region: a CO-promoting activity that functions locally at CO sites, a cooperative assembly process that enables CO formation in regions distant from prominent sites of synapsis initiation, and CO-inhibitory role(s) that limit CO number.
QIP, a Component of the Vegetative RNA Silencing Pathway, Is Essential for Meiosis and Suppresses Meiotic Silencing inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Lee Dong Whan , Millimaki Ryan , Aramayo Rodolfo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmong the processes that play essential roles in both genome defense and organism survival are those involved in chromosome comparison. They are acutely active in the meiotic cells of Neurospora crassa, where they evaluate the mutual identity of homologs by a process we call trans-sensing. When nonsymmetrical regions are found, they are silenced. The known molecular components of this meiotic silencing machinery are related to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, Argonautes and Dicers, suggesting that the mechanisms of how heterologous chromosomal regions are silenced involves, at some stage, the production of small interfering RNAs. Neurospora has two active and clearly distinct RNA interference pathways: quelling (vegetative specific) and meiotic silencing (meiosis specific). Both pathways require a common set of protein types like RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, Argonautes and Dicers. In this work we demonstrate the involvement of quelling defective-2 interacting protein (qip+), a Neurospora gene whose function is essential to silencing by quelling, in meiotic silencing, and normal sexual development. Our observations reinforce the molecular connection between these two silencing pathways.
Interaction Between Eye Pigment Genes and Tau-Induced Neurodegeneration inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ambegaokar Surendra S , Jackson George R 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNull mutations in the genes white and brown, but not scarlet, enhance a rough eye phenotype in a Drosophila melanogaster model of tauopathy; however, adding rosy mutations suppresses these effects. Interaction with nucleotide-derived pigments or increased lysosomal dysregulation are potential mechanisms. Finally, tau toxicity correlates with increased GSK-3β activity, but not with tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205.
Using Student-Generated UV-Induced Escherichia coli Mutants in a Directed Inquiry Undergraduate Genetics Laboratory
Authors: Healy Frank G , Livingstone Kevin D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We report a thematic sequence of directed inquiry-based labs taking students from bacterial mutagenesis and phenotypic identification of their own self-created mutant, through identification of mutated genes by biochemical testing, to verification of mutant alleles by complementation, and finally to mutant allele characterization by DNA sequence analysis. The lab utilizes UV mutagenesis with wild-type Escherichia coli and a UV-sensitive isogenic derivative optimized for undergraduate use. The labs take advantage of the simplicity of E. coli in a realistic genetic investigation using safe UV irradiation methods for creation and characterization of novel mutants. Assessment data collected over three offerings of the course suggest that the labs, which combine original investigation in a scientifically realistic intellectual environment with learned techniques and concepts, were instrumental in improving students' learning in a number of areas. These include the development of critical thinking skills and understanding of concepts and methods. Student responses also suggest the labs were helpful in improving students' understanding of the scientific process as a rational series of experimental investigations and awareness of the interdisciplinary nature of scientific inquiry.
Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Implant and Abutment Level Impression Techniques: Effect on Marginal Discrepancy
Authors: Alikhasi Marzieh , Siadat Hakimeh , Monzavi Abbas , Momen-Heravi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2010

Impression techniques should precisely represent the 3-dimensional status of implants to allow for the fabrication of passively fitting prostheses and subsequently the elimination of strain on supporting implant components and surrounding bone. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of an abutment level impression method with that of an implant level (direct and indirect) impression method using polyether impression material to obtain precise definitive casts and prostheses. A reference acrylic resin dentoform with 2 internal connection implants (Implantium) was made. A total of 21 medium-consistency polyether impressions of the dentoform, including 7 direct implant level, 7 indirect implant level, and 7 abutment level (after 2 straight abutments were secured), were made. Impressions were poured with American Dental Association (ADA) type IV stone, and the positional accuracy of the implant replica heads and abutment analogs in each dimension of x-, y-, and z-axes, as well as angular displacement (Δθ), was evaluated using a coordinate measuring machine. Noble alloy 3-unit castings were fabricated and seated on the abutments in 3 groups; marginal discrepancies were measured at 4 points between prostheses and abutments. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In comparisons of different impression techniques, only significant statistical Δθ differences were noted between the abutment level method and other techniques (P &lt; .001). Results of this study reveal that although the implant level impression method could better transfer the angular position of the implants (Δθ), the impression method could not affect Δy, Δx, and Δz coordinates of the implants or marginal discrepancy of the 3-unit fixed partial dentures (FPD).
Part I: Crystalline Fluorapatite-Coated Hydroxyapatite, Physical Properties
Authors: Kimoto Kazunari , Okudera Toshimitsu , Okudera Hajima , Nordquist William D , Krutchkoff David J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Crystalline fluorapatite-coated hydroxyapatite (FA-HA) is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and EDX analysis mapping (EDXM). Fluoridated HA (fluorapatite) was prepared by reacting resorbable synthetic HA (OsteoGen, Impladent, Ltd, Holliswood, NY) with 4.3% sodium fluoride (NaF) for 2 minutes. After washing and drying, the resultant powder was subjected to physical property analysis using the methods listed above. SEM showed little evidence of surface change. Changes, if any, consisted of a slightly more distinct crystalline clarity on the surface of the FA sample. XD patterns showed significant random noise dispersion of the untreated HA sample compared with the lack of noise patterns in the treated FA sample. Characteristic monetite peaks were noted in analysis of the nontreated HA control sample, whereas there was no evidence of monetite in XD analysis of the treated FA material. It was determined that the fluoridation reaction, as described, served as a purification procedure of the initial HA reagent to eliminate a more soluble monetite contaminant. Also, the reaction of fluoride ion with surface HA (whether it be from or a combination of dissolution-reapposition or isomorphic substitution) produces a more purified, crystalline FA sample that was characterized by a more characteristic and sharp XD pattern. EDX analysis of the FA sample revealed a fluoride peak at 0.70 KeV that was not seen in the nonfluoridated control. EDX mapping showed an evenly distributed needle-like crystalline-shaped particulate pattern over the entire surface of the FA sample, which was lacking in the HA control. From a variety of analytic methods (as described), it was concluded that reaction of synthetic resorbable HA with 4.3% NaF solution at neutral pH produces FA-coated HA.
Platelet Derived Growth Factor Secretion and Bone Healing After Er:YAG Laser Bone Irradiation
Authors: Kesler Gavriel , Shvero Dana Kesler , Tov Yariv Siman , Romanos George 
Published: July 2010

Er:YAG laser irradiation has been reported to enhance wound healing. However, no studies have evaluated the synthesis of growth factors after laser irradiation. The present study investigated the effects of laser irradiation on the amount of secretion of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in the wound, clarifying the effects of the Er:YAG laser on the bone healing. Osteotomies were prepared in the tibiae of 28 rats using an Er:YAG laser (test group). Maximum power of 8 watts, energy per pulse of 700 mJ, and frequency up to 50 Hz were used. The laser was used with external water irrigation, a spot size of 2 mm, energy per pulse of 500 to 1000 mJ/pulse, and energy density of 32 J/cm2. Twenty eight additional rats served as a control group and their osteotomies were prepared with a drill 1.3 mm in diameter at 1000 rpm, with simultaneous saline irrigation. Two rats from the tested group and 2 from the control group were sacrificed on each day following surgery (1–14 days), and the tissue specimens were prepared for histologic evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-PDGF was performed after histologic examination. The difference between the PDGF staining intensities of the 2 treatment groups was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression test. A significant rise in PDGF staining occurred in both groups 2–3 days following surgery. However, while high PDGF counts remained for the 2-week experimental period in the laser group, PDGF levels in the control group returned to baseline levels 8 days post surgery. The 2 groups (laser and control) were found to be different throughout the experiment, and the rat type was found to be a significant predictor (P  =  .000011). The present study demonstrated that Er:YAG laser irradiation seems to stimulate the secretion of PDGF in osteotomy sites in a rat model. It is possible that the high levels of PDGF are part of the mechanism that Er:YAG irradiation enhances and improves the healing of osteotomy sites.
Molecular and Morphological Identification of the Soybean Aphid and OtherAphisSpecies on the Primary HostRhamnus davuricain Asia
Authors: Kim Hyojoong , Hoelmer Kim A , Lee Wonhoon , Kwon Young-Dae , Lee Seunghwan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, was recently introduced into North America where it has become a serious pest of soybean, Glyine max (L.) Merr. In its native range of northeastern Asia, A. glycines undergoes host alternation between the soybean (summer host) and Dahurian buckthorn, Rhamnus davurica Pallas (winter host). On the primary host, it is difficult to discriminate A. glycines from coexisting, morphologically similar Aphis species, including seasonal polymorphisms of each species (e.g., gynopara, ovipara, and male). Two widely used molecular markers, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) “barcode” region (658 bp) and the partial tRNA-leucine + cytochrome c oxidase II (tRNA/COII, 702 bp), were used to analyze 31 individuals of Aphis from R. davurica in Asia and compared with 26 closely related Aphis species. We found that three different species, Aphis gossypii Glover and two new and undescribed putative Aphis species, occur together with A. glycines on R. davurica. All these species were genetically close within the gossypii group. A study of 28 quantitative morphological characters showed that A. glycines, A. gossypii, and one of the new species were quite similar with only a few characters differing significantly between species.
Effects of Photoperiod on Reproduction and Longevity ofPodisus nigrispinus(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Malaquias José B , Ramalho Francisco S , Fernandes Francisco S , Júnior José L Nascimento , Correia Ezequias T , Zanuncio José C 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEffects of photoperiod on reproduction and longevity of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were assessed under seven different photophases (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 h) at a constant 28 ± 1°C temperature and 70 ± 10% RH in the laboratory. Photoperiod affected the longevity of P.nigrispinus females. The highest longevity (24.10 d) occurred with a 15-h photoperiod, compared with longevity of 9.75 d at 12-h photoperiod. The preoviposition period of P.nigrispinus was influenced by the photoperiod. The preoviposition period of P.nigrispinus was longer for the 16-h photoperiod (7.25d) than for the 12- (4.06d), 13- (4.00 d), and 14-h (3.68d) photoperiod. The postoviposition period, the number of egg clutches per female per day, and the interval between egg clutches were not affected by the photoperiod. The postoviposition period ranged from 1.46 d (at 14 h of light) to 3.71 d (at 11 h of light). The number of egg clutches per female per day varied between 0.19 (at 11 h or 14 h of light) and 0.40 (at 15 h of light). The interval between egg clutches ranged from 1.29 d (at 14 h of light) to 2.07 d (at 11 h of light). The variation in the number of eggs and egg clutches per female of P.nigrispinus in relation to their age varied according to the photophase to which they were exposed. The fecundity of P.nigrispinus females was higher in 15 h of light. These informations serve as a valuable ecological variable in modeling population dynamics of P.nigripinus, both in the field and in the laboratory, thereby contributing to the success of A.argillacea control programs.