bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of clear aligner wear protocols in orthodontic tooth movement—a systematic review
Authors: Monisha J , Peter Elbe 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Background and objectives
Different expedited aligner wear protocols are currently in practice. This review was undertaken to systematically appraise the available evidence on the comparative efficacy of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) across the different wear protocols.

Search methods
Two assessors conducted comprehensive searches of electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and Clinical Trial Registry, till 18 February 2024. Titles and abstracts were independently screened.

Selection criteria
Prospective or retrospective studies comparing expedited wear protocols with the conventional 14-day protocol were included.

Data collection and analysis
A pre-piloted data extraction form was used. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment employed the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for non-RCTs. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Pro tool.

Results
Six studies, including 3 RCTs and 3 non-RCTs, were selected from 9076 records. Four studies (two RCTs and two retrospective cohort) found no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the OTM efficacy between expedited and conventional protocols. Two studies (one RCT and one prospective cohort) found greater efficacy (P &lt; 0.05) with the 14-day protocol, with the RCT reporting greater efficacy for certain movements, such as maxillary posterior intrusion, maxillary posterior distal tipping and buccal torquing, and mandibular posterior intrusion and extrusion. One RCT reported statistically insignificant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in pain perception between the 10-day and 14-day protocols. Two studies demonstrated low RoB, two moderate, and two high RoB. The evidence level was very-low for OTM efficacy and high for pain perception. Meta-analysis was precluded due to significant heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the study, the 7-day, 10-day, and 14-day protocols did not show any significant difference in OTM efficacy, except for certain movements that exhibited superior outcomes with the 14-day wear. Hence, a ‘hybrid aligner-wear protocol’, based on clinical judgement, might serve a better alternative in complex situations.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021288179
Myocardial reperfusion injury exacerbation due to ALDH2 deficiency is mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps and prevented by leukotriene C4 inhibition
Authors: Yang Kun , Gao Rifeng , Chen Hanchuan , Hu Jingjing , Zhang Peng , Wei Xiang , Shi Jiaran , Chen Yinyin , Zhang Liwei , Chen Juntao , Lyu Yang , Dong Zhen , Wei Wei , Hu Kai , Guo Yansong , Ge Junbo , Sun Aijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The Glu504Lys polymorphism in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene is closely associated with myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). The effects of ALDH2 on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (i.e. NETosis) during I/RI remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of ALDH2 in NETosis in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/RI.

Methods
The mouse model of myocardial I/RI was constructed on wild-type, ALDH2 knockout, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (Pad4) knockout, and ALDH2/PAD4 double knockout mice. Overall, 308 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled in the study.

Results
Enhanced NETosis was observed in human neutrophils carrying the ALDH2 genetic mutation and ischaemic myocardium of ALDH2 knockout mice compared with controls. PAD4 knockout or treatment with NETosis-targeting drugs (GSK484, DNase1) substantially attenuated the extent of myocardial damage, particularly in ALDH2 knockout. Mechanistically, ALDH2 deficiency increased damage-associated molecular pattern release and susceptibility to NET-induced damage during myocardial I/RI. ALDH2 deficiency induced NOX2-dependent NETosis via upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress/microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2/leukotriene C4 (LTC4) pathway. The Food and Drug Administration-approved LTC4 receptor antagonist pranlukast ameliorated I/RI by inhibiting NETosis in both wild-type and ALDH2 knockout mice. Serum myeloperoxidase–DNA complex and LTC4 levels exhibited the predictive effect on adverse left ventricular remodelling at 6 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.

Conclusions
ALDH2 deficiency exacerbates myocardial I/RI by promoting NETosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress/microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2/LTC4/NOX2 pathway. This study hints at the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of myocardial I/RI, and pranlukast might be a potential therapeutic option for attenuating I/RI, particularly in individuals with the ALDH2 mutation.
Truncated pseudo-differential operator √−▽2 and its applications in viscoacoustic reverse-time migration
Authors: Yang Jidong , Qin Shanyuan , Huang Jianping , Zhu Hejun , Lumley David , McMechan George , Sun Jiaxing , Zhang Houzhu 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
The pseudo-differential operator with symbol |k|α has been widely used in seismic modelling and imaging when involving attenuation, anisotropy and one-way wave equation, which is usually calculated using the pseudo-spectral method. For large-scale problems, applying high-dimensional Fourier transforms to solve the wave equation that includes pseudo-differential operators is much more expensive than finite-difference approaches, and it is not suitable for parallel computing with domain decomposition. To mitigate this difficulty, we present a truncated space-domain convolution method to efficiently compute the pseudo-differential operator $\sqrt{-\nabla ^2}$, and then apply it to viscoacoustic reverse-time migration. Although $\sqrt{-\nabla ^2}$ is theoretically non-local in the space domain, we take the limited frequency band of seismic data into account, and constrain the approximated convolution stencil to a finite length. The convolution coefficients are computed by solving a least-squares inverse problem in the wavenumber domain. In addition, we exploit the symmetry of the resulting convolution stencil and develop a fast spatial convolution algorithm. The applications of the proposed method in Q-compensated reverse-time migration demonstrate that it is a good alternative to the pseudo-spectral method for computing the pseudo-differential operator $\sqrt{-\nabla ^2}$, with almost the same accuracy but much higher efficiency.
Levels of Airborne Sound And Substrate-borne Vibration Calling Are Negatively Related Across Neotropical False-leaf Katydids
Authors: Kernan Ciara E , Robillard Tony , Martinson Sharon J , Dong Jiajia , Hamel Jennifer A , Symes Laurel B , ter Hofstede Hannah M 
Published: April 2024

Synopsis
Animals often signal in multiple sensory modalities to attract mates, but the level of signaling investment in each modality can differ dramatically between individuals and across species. When functionally overlapping signals are produced in different modalities, their relative use can be influenced by many factors, including differences in signal active space, energetic costs, and predation risk. Characterizing differences in total signal investment across time can shed light on these factors, but requires long focal recordings of signal production. Neotropical pseudophylline katydids produce mate advertisement signals as airborne sound and substrate-borne vibration. Airborne calls, produced via stridulation, are extremely short, high-frequency, and longer-range signals. Conversely, substrate-borne calls produced via abdominal tremulation are longer, low-frequency, relatively more energetically costly, and shorter-range signals. To examine patterns of stridulation and tremulation across species and test hypotheses about the drivers of signal use in each modality, we recorded multimodal signaling activity over 24 hours for males from 10 pseudophylline species from a single Panamanian community. We also collected data on demographic and morphological species characteristics, and acoustic features of airborne calls, such as bandwidth, peak frequency, and duration. Finally, we generated a molecular phylogeny for these species and used phylogenetic generalized least squares models to test for relationships between variables while controlling for evolutionary relationships. We found a negative relationship between sound and vibration calling, indicating that substrate-borne vibrational signaling may compensate for reduced airborne signaling in these species. Sound call bandwidth and the proportion of males collected at lights, a proxy for the amount of male movement, also explained a significant amount of variation in sound calling across species, indicating that the overall relationship between the two types of calling signals may be mediated by the specific characteristics of the signals as well as other species traits.
Counting and Equidistribution of Reciprocal Geodesics and Dihedral Groups
Authors: Erlandsson Viveka , Souto Juan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the growth of the number of conjugacy classes of infinite dihedral subgroups of lattices in $\operatorname{PSL}_{2}{\mathbb{R}}$, generalizing the earlier work of Sarnak [ 9] and Bourgain–Kontorovich [ 4] on the growth of the number of reciprocal geodesics on the modular surface. We also prove that reciprocal geodesics are equidistributed in the unit tangent bundle.
Vitamin and mineral supplementation to beef heifers during gestation: impacts on morphometric measurements of the neonatal calf, vitamin and trace mineral status, blood metabolite and endocrine profiles, and calf organ characteristics at 30 h after birth
Authors: Hurlbert Jennifer L , Menezes Ana Clara B , Baumgaertner Friederike , Bochantin-Winders Kerri A , Jurgens Isabella M , Kirsch James D , Amat Samat , Sedivec Kevin K , Swanson Kendall C , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To examine the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to beef heifers throughout gestation on mineral status and hormone/endocrine profiles in the dam and calf, and morphometric characteristics and organ mass of the calf at 30 h after birth, Angus-based heifers (n = 72, 14 to 15 mo of age, initial body weight [BW] = 380.4 ± 50.56 kg) were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated (AI) with female-sexed semen. Heifers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 36) or a basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 36) via an individual feeding system beginning at breeding, with both diets targeting BW gains of 0.45 kg heifer−1·d−1. Heifers not pregnant after the first AI (CON, n = 19; VTM, n = 18) were rebred via AI 60 d after treatment initiation, and heifers gestating female fetuses (CON, n = 7; VTM, n = 7) received treatments throughout gestation and were experimental units for this study. Calves were separated from their dams and fed colostrum replacer within 2 h of birth and euthanized 30 h after the first feeding. Calf morphometrics were recorded, and tissues were weighed and sampled. Serum from the dam at calving and serum, liver, and muscle from the calf at 30 h were analyzed for concentrations of minerals. Serum from the dam and calf were analyzed for concentrations of leptin, vitamins A, D, and E, cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1. All response variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Calf body morphometrics and BW of the dam at calving (P ≥ 0.32), calf organ weights (P ≥ 0.21), and calf ovarian follicle counts (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by maternal treatment. Concentrations of Se and Co in calf serum and Se in calf liver were increased (P ≤ 0.02) in VTM. Serum concentrations of Co and vitamin A in the dam were greater (P ≤ 0.01) in supplemented compared with nonsupplemented dams, and serum concentrations of vitamin D were greater (P ≤ 0.0003) in supplemented dams and calves compared with the nonsupplemented cohort. Maternal supplementation supported vitamin and mineral status in the neonate, yet had no discernable impact on BW, organ mass, or circulating hormones/metabolites in the calf. Evaluating offspring at later postnatal time points is warranted to determine if prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation affects performance, health, metabolism, and efficiency of energy utilization in key metabolic tissues in the calf.
Hot water mound drench treatment can be used for physical control of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Li Qunchen , Wang Yuhua , Qi Guojun , Fan Min , Ye Tongen , Wang Gang , Shi Daxia , He Yurong , Wang Desen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hot water mound drench treatment has broad application prospects in the control of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). However, much work still needs to be carried out to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the use of this method against RIFAs under field conditions. In this study, we monitored the temperature changes at different depths within RIFA nests during laboratory-simulated hot water mound drench experiments and evaluated the lethal effect of hot water treatment on RIFAs. Furthermore, the targeted removal effect of hot water mound drench treatment on RIFA nests under field conditions was evaluated. Results indicated that the temperature at depths of 5, 15, and 25 cm inside the simulated ant nests was higher than 51.1 °C within 30 min after treatment, resulting in a 100% mortality rate for RIFAs at all tested depths. Under field conditions, when nests were disturbed, the percentage of RIFAs crawling out of their nests gradually increased with time after disturbance, reached its maximum value at 25 or 30 s after the disturbance, and then gradually decreased. Single hot water mound drench treatment (each ant nest was treated with 17.8–21.6 liter of hot water at a temperature of 97–100 °C) can significantly reduce the RIFA population in ant nests and lead to a 72.7% reduction in the number of surviving ant nests. However, the safety, operability, and timelines of hot water mound drench treatment for RIFA field control still need further investigation.
Phenology and sampling crawlers of rhodesgrass mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Georgia golf course putting greens
Authors: Wolverton Robert M , Joseph Shimat V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis Maskell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an emerging pest of turfgrass in Georgia golf course putting greens. Because the feeding damage of A. graminis severely affects the aesthetics of the putting surface, it is necessary to understand the phenology of A. graminis on putting greens. To develop management strategies, the temporal emergence of crawlers is determined; however, a sampling tool for A. graminis crawlers on putting greens has not been developed. Thus, the objectives were to determine (i) the phenology of A. graminis and turfgrass quality and (ii) the best trap types for sampling crawlers on the putting greens in Georgia. From 2019 to 2022, 10–20 turfgrass plugs were sampled from the putting greens at biweekly intervals from the spring to fall. The numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs, and adults of A. graminis were quantified from these plug samples. To determine the best trap types for sampling crawlers, 6 trap types were evaluated on the putting greens in 2021 and 2022. In the spring, the A. graminis densities remained low until June or July, then all stages of A. graminis increased. In the late fall and winter, A. graminis densities declined and remained low. The turfgrass quality improved temporally from April to June but progressively declined from the mid-to-late summer to fall. Significantly greater numbers of crawlers were sampled in the paper-folded sticky card method than in the turfgrass plug method. Thus, sticky traps could be used to sample crawlers for pest management decision.
Evaluation of drug-related problems and cost-saving of pharmacist-led intervention among hospitalized elderly patients
Authors: Rajakumar Sutha , Rajah Retha , Yuan Tea Yuan , Ven Yee Chong , Yen Lee Tsu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess drug-related problems (DRPs) and the cost implication of pharmacist intervention (PI) among hospitalized elderly patients.

Methods
Ward pharmacists reviewed the patients’ pharmacotherapy charts, identified the DRP, and discussed the PI with the prescriber. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected.

Key findings
More than half (58.0%) of DRPs were reported in elderly patients, which consist mostly of inappropriate drug doses or frequency (47.3%). The total estimated drug cost-saving of PI was RM 5206.76 (USD 1195.76).

Conclusions
PI has substantially reduced inappropriate drug therapy and contributed to saving drug-related costs.
Pediatric intranasal lobular capillary hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alotaibi Jood K , Alotayf Osama Ali , Almahdi Mohammed Jihad , Halwani Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign lesion commonly affecting the head and neck region. However, in children, it is commonly seen in the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and the tongue, but its presence in the nasal cavity is less frequent. The most common symptoms of nasal hemangiomas are epistaxis and nasal obstruction. However, we present a case of a thirteen-year-old male having intranasal lobular capillary hemangioma with a 2-day history of left-sided epistaxis. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination, and the treatment is done by endonasal endoscopic excision of the hemangioma with cauterization of the feeding vessel has performed to remove the lesion completely. Moreover, the diagnosis of lobular capillary hemangioma must always be kept in mind when discussing the differential diagnosis of a bleeding mass within the nasal cavity, even though it is a rare condition and surgical excision is still the preferred first-line treatment.
Congenital mesocolic hernia—a case report
Authors: Allert Tom , Schellerer Vera 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Internal hernias are defined as protrusions of viscera through congenital or acquired aperture within the peritoneal cavity without an exit from the abdomen. The entity is broadly diversified with a wide variety of forms and severity of symptoms. A 10-day-old, full-term infant with poor feeding, bilious vomiting, and faecal retention for 3 days presented at our hospital. In the abdominal ultrasound, a whirl-pool sign was detected and laparotomy indicated. Intraoperatively, a malrotation of the small bowel with herniation of the jejunum into a mesocolic hernia was detected.
SPICE: the connection between cosmic reionization and stellar feedback in the first galaxies
Authors: Bhagwat Aniket , Costa Tiago , Ciardi Benedetta , Pakmor Rüdiger , Garaldi Enrico 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present SPICE, a new suite of radiation-hydrodynamic, cosmological simulations targeting the epoch of reionization. The goal of these simulations is to systematically probe a variety of stellar feedback models, including ‘bursty’ and ‘smooth’ forms of supernova energy injection, as well as poorly explored physical scenarios such as hypernova explosions and radiation pressure on dust. We show that even subtle differences in the behaviour of supernova feedback drive profound differences in reionization histories, with burstier forms of feedback causing earlier reionization. However, we also find that some global galaxy properties, such as the dust-attenuated luminosity functions and star formation main sequence, remain degenerate between models. In particular, we show that stellar feedback and its strength determine the morphological mix of galaxies emerging by $z \, = \, 5$ and that the reionization history is inextricably connected to intrinsic properties such as galaxy kinematics and morphology. While star-forming, massive discs are prevalent if supernova feedback is ‘smooth’, ‘bursty’ feedback preferentially generates dispersion-dominated systems. Different modes of feedback produce different strengths of outflows, altering the interstellar/circumgalactic medium in different ways, and in turn strongly affecting the escape of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons. We establish a correlation between galaxy morphology and LyC escape fraction, revealing that dispersion-dominated systems have escape fractions 10–50 times higher than their rotation-dominated counterparts at all redshifts. At the same intrinsic luminosity, dispersion-dominated systems should thus preferentially generate large H ii regions as compared to their rotation-dominated counterparts. Since dispersion-dominated systems are more prevalent if stellar feedback is more explosive, reionization occurs earlier in our simulation with burstier feedback. We argue that statistical samples of post-reionization galaxy morphologies (using both stellar and gaseous components) probed with telescopes such as JWST, ALMA, and MUSE can constrain stellar feedback at z &gt; 5 and models of cosmic reionization.
Estimating Probability Weighting Functions through Option Pricing Bounds
Authors: Chen Tzu-Ying , Lin Yo-Lan , Tzeng Larry Y 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel approach to estimating the probability weighting function (PWF) of investors in the option market. We match observed option prices to the option pricing bounds under stochastic dominance rules. Using 1-month S&P 500 index option data, we find that investors could subjectively employ an inverse S-shaped probability weighting function, which increases the weights on extreme returns and asymmetrically assigns greater weights to extremely low returns than to extremely high returns. Our findings suggest that the inverse S-shaped nature of the PWFs is robust across various estimation specifications, such as adopting an alternative methodology to construct the return distribution, and employing option data with different times to maturity. (JEL G12)
Assessing Metschnikowia pulcherrima as a potential probiotic yeast for animal feed
Authors: Al-Nijir Montazar , Henk Daniel A , Bedford Michael R , Chuck Christopher J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In response to escalating antimicrobial resistance fuelled by their extensive use in livestock farming, this study explores alternative strategies in animal health management. We investigated the probiotic potential of Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains 4 × 3, DH5, ICS1, and QRI1 for their suitability in poultry environments. Our research demonstrated that previously discovered antimicrobial M. pulcherrima strains exhibit promising probiotic behaviours, including biofilm production, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antioxidant capacity, and resilience to gastric stresses. Notable findings include DH5 exhibiting the highest biofilm formation, 4 × 3 and DH5 showing rapid auto-aggregation, 4 × 3 and ICS1 displaying high CSH, and all strains demonstrating considerable adherence to Caco-2 cells. 4 × 3 also exhibited exceptional bile tolerance, while ICS1 showed robust survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. These traits suggest M. pulcherrima’s capacity to colonize the poultry gastrointestinal tract, promote animal health, and support more sustainable livestock practices as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics.