bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Application of Putrescine Ameliorates the Effect of High Temperature in Gossypium hirsutum L. Flowers and Fruit Development
Authors: Bibi A. C. , Oosterhuis D. M. , Gonias E. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolyamines have been shown to stimulate fruit set and the initial phase of fruit development in several crops. The effect of exogenous application of putrescine on ovary development and seed set of cotton under high temperature stress was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Putrescine was applied to floral buds of cotton, 24 h prior to anthesis, and caused a significant increase in putrescine content of cotton ovaries collected at anthesis compared with the control treatment. However, there was no increase in spermidine and spermine. High temperature (38 °C) significantly decreased the spermidine content of cotton ovaries in both years of the study compared with the untreated control (30 °C). Spermine was significantly decreased in the high temperature treatment the first year of the study; however, this result was not consistent for the second year. Ovarian putrescine concentration was not affected by the high temperature treatment. Increased temperatures in this study decreased seed set in cotton flowers; however, exogenous application of putrescine ameliorated the negative effect of high temperature on seed set, as expressed by the number of seeds per cotton boll. This was evident in both years of the study. Exogenous application of Putrescine increased the level of putrescine in cotton flowers, which was associated with increased seed set despite the negative effect of increased temperature.
The potpourri approach to hyaluronic acid filler injections
Authors: Lim Adrian C 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThere is an ever‐expanding range of hyaluronic acid fillers with varying physical characteristics available to cosmetic dermatologists. These fillers are commercially packaged in syringes of approximately 1 mL (range 0.5–2 mL) volume. Filler injectors are currently qualitatively and quantitatively restricted to fillers packaged in ready‐to‐go syringes. Patients often present for pan‐facial rejuvenation requiring varying amounts of fillers as well as more than one type/subtype of filler for optimum correction. The potpourri approach allows access to a range of prepared hyaluronic acid filler subtypes that can be used on the same patient in the one session. The potpourri method centres on the use of multiple 31‐gauge insulin syringes prepared with a range of different hyaluronic acid filler products that are ready for use. This increases flexibility with filler selection and has the potential to provide better filler‐to‐tissue match for patients.
A meta‐analysis of context‐dependency in plant response to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Hoeksema Jason D. , Chaudhary V. Bala , Gehring Catherine A. , Johnson Nancy Collins , Karst Justine , Koide Roger T. , Pringle Anne , Zabinski Catherine , Bever James D. , Moore John C. , Wilson Gail W. T. , Klironomos John N. , Umbanhowar James 
Published: January 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 394–407AbstractMycorrhizal fungi influence plant growth, local biodiversity and ecosystem function. Effects of the symbiosis on plants span the continuum from mutualism to parasitism. We sought to understand this variation in symbiotic function using meta‐analysis with information theory‐based model selection to assess the relative importance of factors in five categories: (1) identity of the host plant and its functional characteristics, (2) identity and type of mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal vs. ectomycorrhizal), (3) soil fertility, (4) biotic complexity of the soil and (5) experimental location (laboratory vs. field). Across most subsets of the data, host plant functional group and N‐fertilization were surprisingly much more important in predicting plant responses to mycorrhizal inoculation (‘plant response’) than other factors. Non‐N‐fixing forbs and woody plants and C4 grasses responded more positively to mycorrhizal inoculation than plants with N‐fixing bacterial symbionts and C3 grasses. In laboratory studies of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, plant response was more positive when the soil community was more complex. Univariate analyses supported the hypothesis that plant response is most positive when plants are P‐limited rather than N‐limited. These results emphasize that mycorrhizal function depends on both abiotic and biotic context, and have implications for plant community theory and restoration ecology.
Size, growth, temperature and the natural mortality of marine fish
Authors: Gislason Henrik , Daan Niels , Rice Jake C , Pope John G 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe natural mortality of exploited fish populations is often assumed to be a species‐specific constant independent of body size. This assumption has important implications for size‐based fish population models and for predicting the outcome of size‐dependent fisheries management measures such as mesh‐size regulations. To test the assumption, we critically review the empirical estimates of the natural mortality,M(year−1), of marine and brackish water fish stocks and model them as a function of von Bertalanffy growth parameters,L(cm) andK(year−1), temperature (Kelvin) and length,L(cm). Using the Arrhenius equation to describe the relationship betweenMand temperature, we findMto be significantly related to length,LandK, but not to temperature (R2 = 0.62,P < 0.0001,n = 168). Temperature andKare significantly correlated and whenKis removed from the model the temperature term becomes significant, but the resulting model explains less of the total variance (R2 = 0.42,P < 0.0001,n = 168). The relationships betweenM,L,L,Kand temperature are shown to be in general accordance with previous theoretical and empirical investigations. We conclude that natural mortality is significantly related to length and growth characteristics and recommend to use the empirical formula: ln(M) = 0.55 − 1.61ln(L) + 1.44ln(L) + ln(K), for estimating the natural mortality of marine and brackish water fish.
Relapsing Neuromyelitis Optica: demographic and clinical features in Iranian patients
Authors: Sahraian M. A. , Moinfar Z. , Khorramnia S. , Mohammad Ebrahim M. 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with distinguishing features from multiple sclerosis (MS). NMO has an unknown etiology with poor prognosis in which anti‐aquaporin‐4 receptor IgG seems to play a major role. The purpose of this study is to represent a clinical and demographic data of NMO in Iranian population.Methods:  Of 1800 patients attending our MS clinic, 44 patients with NMO were recruited from 2006 to 2009.Results:  Female to male ratio was 3:1 and the disease affected women in younger ages than men (P = 0.04). The median expanded disability status scale score was 3 and the mean duration of symptoms was 4.53 ± 3.41 (median = 4) years with annual relapse rate of 1.13 year/patient. The most frequent symptoms at presentation were optic neuritis 22 (50%) and transverse myelitis 14 (31.8%). Out of 12 patients whose titer of NMO‐IgG was measured, four (30.7%) patients were seropositive. Twenty‐eight patients (63%) received azathioprine for a mean duration of 16.84 ± 27.91 months with significantly lower annual relapse rate (0.4 year/patient).Conclusions:  Iranian patients as a Caucasian population living in Asia seem to have the same clinical features in comparison with the reported studies from Western countries. Although the duration of follow‐up was not too long, but they may possibly have a more benign course.
Side effects of anesthesia in DM2 as compared to DM1: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Kirzinger L. , Schmidt A. , Kornblum C. , Schneider‐Gold C. , Kress W. , Schoser B. 
Published: January 2010

Background and purpose: Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an adult‐onset progressive multisystem disease. There have been no reported risks for anesthesia in DM2.Methods: We assess the frequency, type, and severity of peri‐operative complications under general and local anesthesia in genetically proven DM2. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted.Results: Out of 320 DM2 patients, 134 participated by completing questionnaires (41, 88%), which were delivered by mail, and their clinical records were reviewed (class III evidence). A total of 121 patients had 340 operations in general anesthesia at an average age of 40.5 years (range 18–82); 132 (38.8%) general anesthesia were performed prior to DM2 onset, 187 (55.9%) after disease onset. A total of 212 (62.4%) of the interventions were performed without known DM2 diagnosis. In 120 (35.3%) interventions, DM2 was already diagnosed. The locations of surgery were lower abdomen (47%), peripheral extremities (46.8%), upper abdomen (3.8%), thorax (1.8%), and brain (0.6%). The overall frequency of severe complications was 0.6% (2 of 340). One incident was a post‐operative development of rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, muscle weakness and renal failure; the others, prolonged muscular weakness and renal failure. Minor complications related to a general anesthesia were reported by 27 participants (20.2%). In 116 patients (86.6%), 342 interventions were performed in regional anesthesia. Minor complications were reported by 20.2% participants such as nausea (6.7%), muscular weakness and pain (5.9%), prolonged anesthesia (5.2%), circulatory insufficiency (2.9%), and shortness of breath (2.9%).Conclusion: The overall lower risk seems to be predominantly related to the minor respiratory involvement in DM2, than in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).
Effect of proteasome inhibition by MG‐132 on HSP27 oligomerization, phosphorylation, and aggresome formation in the OLN‐93 oligodendroglia cell line
Authors: Bolhuis Sandra , Richter‐Landsberg Christiane 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 960–971.AbstractSmall heat shock proteins (sHsps) are characteristically observed in glial cell inclusion bodies in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The small Hsp27 (HspB1) is stress inducible and participates in the defence against misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, it forms oligomeric structures with molecular masses ranging from 50 to 800 kDa. These structures are highly dynamic and their dynamic organization is regulated by phosphorylation, which has been suggested to be a crucial factor in modulating the activity of the protein. To investigate the responses of Hsp27 to stress induced by proteasomal inhibition, and its state of phosphorylation and oligomerization during aggregate formation, three oligodendroglial cell lines stably expressing Hsp27 were established: OLN27 wild type, OLN27DDD expressing triple mutant Hsp27 in its phosphorylation mimicking form, and OLN27AAA, expressing non‐phosphorylatable Hsp27. Our data show that the proteasomal inhibitor MG‐132 promotes Hsp27 phosphorylation by activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and leads to the formation of small oligomers. However, Hsp27 is recruited to aggresomes independently of its state of phosphorylation. After 24 h of treatment, all three cell lines had formed protein accumulations in the vicinity of the centrosome, but in cells over‐expressing Hsp27, aggresome formation was delayed in comparison with OLN‐93 oligodendroglial cells not expressing Hsp27.
Basal ganglia pathology in schizophrenia: dopamine connections and anomalies
Authors: Perez‐Costas Emma , Melendez‐Ferro Miguel , Roberts Rosalinda C. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 287–302.AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects 1% of the world population. The disease usually manifests itself in early adulthood with hallucinations, delusions, cognitive and emotional disturbances and disorganized thought and behavior. Dopamine was the first neurotransmitter to be implicated in the disease, and though no longer the only suspect in schizophrenia pathophysiology, it obviously plays an important role. The basal ganglia are the site of most of the dopamine neurons in the brain and the target of anti‐psychotic drugs. In this review, we will start with an overview of basal ganglia anatomy emphasizing dopamine circuitry. Then, we will review the major deficits in dopamine function in schizophrenia, emphasizing the role of excessive dopamine in the basal ganglia and the link to psychosis.
Long‐term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex‐hormone concentrations in men
Authors: Cangemi Roberto , Friedmann Alberto J. , Holloszy John O. , Fontana Luigi 
Published: January 2010

SummaryCalorie restriction (CR) slows aging and consistently reduces circulating sex hormones in laboratory animals. However, nothing is known regarding the long‐term effects of CR with adequate nutrition on serum sex‐hormone concentration in lean healthy humans. In this study, we measured body composition, and serum total testosterone, total 17‐β‐estradiol, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) concentrations in 24 men (mean age 51.5 ± 13 years), who had been practicing CR with adequate nutrition for an average of 7.4 ± 4.5 years, in 24 age‐ and body fat–matched endurance runners (EX), and 24 age‐matched sedentary controls eating Western diets (WD). We found that both the CR and EX volunteers had significantly lower body fat than the WD volunteers (total body fat, 8.7 ± 4.2%; 10.5 ± 4.4%; 23.2 ± 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.0001). Serum total testosterone and the free androgen index were significantly lower, and SHBG was higher in the CR group than in the EX and WD groups (P ≤ 0.001). Serum 17β‐estradiol and the estradiol:SHBG ratio were both significantly lower in the CR and EX groups than in the WD group (P ≤ 0.005). Serum DHEA‐S concentrations were not different between the three groups. These findings demonstrate that, as in long‐lived CR rodents, long‐term severe CR reduces serum total and free testosterone and increases SHBG concentrations in humans, independently of adiposity. More studies are needed to understand the role of this CR‐mediated reduction in sex hormones in modulating the pathogenesis of age‐associated chronic diseases such as cancer and the aging process itself.
Respiratory indices by gas analysis and fat metabolism by indirect calorimetry in normal subjects and triathletes
Authors: Steding K. , Buhre T. , Arheden H. , Wohlfart B. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryBackground:  The effects of exercise on different indices reflecting the metabolism have been of interest for a long time, and a relationship between anaerobic indices and maximal oxygen uptake has been established. The inter‐relationship between different respiratory indices during an exercise test remains to be studied in order to understand differences between individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine three respiratory indices and investigate their inter‐relationship in individuals with highly variable working capacity. A second aim was to investigate the fat metabolism at the VO2 corresponding to the respiratory compensation point (Pq) in the different subjects using indirect calorimetry.Methods:  Sixty control subjects (20 female) and 18 triathletes (six female) performed an exercise test with gas analysis. Three respiratory indices, derivative crossing (Dx), point of crossing (Px) and respiratory compensation point (Pq), were calculated using a computerized method. Fat metabolism at Pq was calculated using indirect calorimetry.Results:  Two different sequences of the respiratory indices were found: Dx<Px<Pq and Dx<Pq<Px. In subjects whom Px occurred before Pq, no fat metabolism was seen at Pq, whilst in subjects with Pq occurring before Px, a combined aerobic fat metabolism and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism was found at Pq.Conclusion:  This study has shown two different sequences of the respiratory indices Dx, Px and Pq in subjects of varying working capacity. The individual differences in the order of occurrence of Px and Pq during the exercise test are most likely caused by different abilities to metabolize fat at high workloads.
Influence of tectonic overpressure on P–T paths of HP–UHP rocks in continental collision zones: thermomechanical modelling
Authors: LI Z. H. , GERYA T. V. , BURG J.‐P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe principle of lithostatic pressure is habitually used in metamorphic geology to calculate burial/exhumation depth from pressure given by geobarometry. However, pressure deviation from lithostatic, i.e. tectonic overpressure/underpressure due to deviatoric stress and deformation, is an intrinsic property of flow and fracture in all materials, including rocks under geological conditions. In order to investigate the influences of tectonic overpressure on metamorphic P–T paths, 2D numerical simulations of continental subduction/collision zones were conducted with variable brittle and ductile rheologies of the crust and mantle. The experiments suggest that several regions of significant tectonic overpressure and underpressure may develop inside the slab, in the subduction channel and within the overriding plate during continental collision. The main overpressure region that may influence the P–T paths of HP–UHP rocks is located in the bottom corner of the wedge‐like confined channel with the characteristic magnitude of pressure deviation on the order of ∼0.3 GPa and 10–20% from the lithostatic values. The degree of confinement of the subduction channel is the key factor controlling this magnitude. Our models also suggest that subducted crustal rocks, which may not necessarily be exhumed, can be classified into three different groups: (i) UHP‐rocks subjected to significant (≥0.3 GPa) overpressure at intermediate subduction depth (50–70 km, P = 1.5–2.5 GPa) then underpressured at depth ≥100 km (P ≥ 3 GPa); (ii) HP‐rocks subjected to ≥0.3 GPa overpressure at peak P–T conditions reached at 50–70 km depth in the bottom corner of the wedge‐like confined subduction channel (P = 1.5–2.5 GPa); (iii) lower‐pressure rocks formed at shallower depths (≤40 km depth, P ≤ 1 GPa), which are not subjected to significant overpressure and/or underpressure.
The Case for Economic Reasoning in MBA Education Revisited
Authors: Polutnik Lidija 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaurence S. Moss was a great scholar and author of countless articles and books. During his long career he continued to be excited by economics and history and made these subjects interesting to his students. For almost 30 years, undergraduate students enrolled in his Scams and Frauds class and Contemporary Economic Systems class in large numbers. Larry would engage students to think, to independently question prevailing truths, and to probe further. This essay is a reflection of our shared experience teaching in the full‐time MBA program at Babson College.
Inferolateral ST Elevation as a First Sign of Left Anterior Descending Artery Occlusion
Authors: Hsu Po‐Chao , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Su Ho‐Ming , Voon Wen‐Chol , Lai Wen‐Ter , Sheu Sheng‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2010

Combined anterior and inferior ST elevation due to occlusion of wrapped left anterior descending artery (LAD) is well reported in the literature. However, there is rare literature mentioned about inferolateral ST elevation in this patient group. Herein, we report a case of acute proximal wrapped LAD occlusion with initial electrocardiographic sign of inferolateral ST elevation. The most likely mechanism of this electrocardiographic finding might be related to old anteroseptal myocardial infarction, combination with other coronary abnormality, such as chronic total occlusion of left circumflex artery that caused larger injury current in inferolateral than anteroseptal myocardium, and made anteroseptal leads reveal isoelectric pattern. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(1):90–93
Chemokine expression by human keratinocyte cell lines after activation of Toll‐like receptors
Authors: Olaru Florina , Jensen Liselotte E. 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Chemokine expression by human keratinocyte cell lines after activation of Toll‐like receptors. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e314–e316.Abstract:  Keratinocytes in the skin play an important role in innate immune responses by secreting chemokines. This study aimed to determine if keratinocyte cell lines can be used for studies of innate immune mechanisms. Human primary keratinocytes and the HaCaT, CCD 1106 KERTr (KERTr) and HEK001 cell lines were treated with a panel of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐ligands. Expression of IL‐8, CCL20, CXCL9 and CXCL10 was determined. All three cell lines expressed TLR1‐6 and TLR9. KERTr cells responded to the same TLR‐ligands as primary keratinocytes. Overall HEK001 responded similarly, but appeared to be relatively more sensitive to flagellin. This was in agreement with increased expression of TLR5. The expression profiles were most distinct in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, our data confirm and extend previously reported TLR7 and TLR8 independent IL‐8 secretion by keratinocytes after Imiquimod treatment. The different cell lines represent complementary tools for molecular studies of innate immunity of the skin.
OPINION: Immunologic Abnormality of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Yayi Hu , Danqing Wang , Shuyun Liu , Jicheng Liu 
Published: January 2010

Citation Yayi H, Danqing W, Shuyun L, Jicheng L. Immunologic Abnormality of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 267–273Problem  Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy risk because of the possibility of pre‐term delivery and sudden intrauterine fetal death. Its pathogenesis is still under discussion.Method of study  The analysis of the recent findings on the complex immunologic events that occur in ICP were performed.Results  In ICP, an increase of type 1 cytokine (TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) associated with a decrease of type 2 cytokine (IL‐4). The decreased production of the suppressor cytokine TGF‐β2 may increase the type 1 cytokine. Fas appeared to be increased and FasL appeared to be decreased in syncytiotrophoblasts of ICP. The human leukocyte antigen gene (HLA‐G, E) in extravillous trophoblasts of ICP were significantly decreased.Conclusion  Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and HLA play important roles in the tolerance and maintenance of pregnancy. ICP may be resulting from breach of the maternal fetal immune tolerance during pregnancy.