bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue light regulated lignin and cellulose content of soybean petioles and stems under low light intensity
Authors: He Wei , Chai Qiang , Zhao Cai , Yu Aizhong , Fan Zhilong , Yin Wen , Hu Falong , Fan Hong , Sun Yali , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2024

To improve light harvest and plant structural support under low light intensity, it is useful to investigate the effects of different ratios of blue light on petiole and stem growth. Two true leaves of soybean seedlings were exposed to a total light intensity of 200 μmol m−2 s−1, presented as either white light or three levels of blue light (40 μmol m−2 s−1, 67 μmol m−2 s−1 and 100 μmol m−2 s−1) for 15 days. Soybean petioles under the low blue light treatment upregulated expression of genes relating to lignin metabolism, enhancing lignin content compared with the white light treatment. The low blue light treatment had high petiole length, increased plant height and improved petiole strength arising from high lignin content, thus significantly increasing leaf dry weight relative to the white light treatment. Compared with white light, the treatment with the highest blue light ratio reduced plant height and enhanced plant support through increased cellulose and hemicellulose content in the stem. Under low light intensity, 20% blue light enhanced petiole length and strength to improve photosynthate biomass; whereas 50% blue light lowered plants’ centre of gravity, preventing lodging and conserving carbohydrate allocation.
Phonological, lexical and grammatical borrowings and replications in Hyow, a language of the Bangladesh-Burma border
area
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of contact-induced borrowings and replications in Hyow, a Southeastern South
Central (SC) Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Hyow shows two layers of contact-induced
changes: an earlier layer under the influence of Burmese, and a more recent layer under the influence of Bangla. The Hyow
desiderative -sháng closely resembles the suffix shɔn ‘want to’ in the Burmese variety of
Rakhine State, suggesting that Hyow speakers previously lived in Rakhine State. In its current location, Hyow speakers are in
contact with Bangla, and the presence of Indo-Aryan type relative-correlative clauses in Hyow – not found in any of the SC
languages in Burma – reveals the effect of this recent contact with Bangla. Apart from demonstrating the respective antiquity of
Hyow contact with Burmese and Bangla, the two examples of the borrowing of the desiderative suffix -sháng and
relative-correlative clauses also show borrowing and replication as two distinct types of contact-induced change (Heine and Kuteva, 2005, 2006). This paper
gives the first account of phonological, lexical and grammatical borrowings and replications to understand how language contact
has shaped Hyow.
Ad-hoc-compounds in spoken German
Authors: Helmer Henrike 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Occasionalisms, i.e., non-lexicalized ad-hoc-expressions that are coined for a specific occasion, are a recurrent phenomenon in verbal interactions. Even though recipients have not heard those novel word formations before, they can still understand them. This paper reports on a study from an Interactional Linguistics perspective which explores ad-hoc-expressions in spoken German, such as streichelmichbärchenpärchen (‘stroke-me-little-bear-couple’) and windeldroge (‘diaper-drug’). It draws on an analysis of 934 ad-hoc-compounds in a corpus of German interaction. These typically do not cause a problem of understanding, because their meaning is inferable due to different resources that help recipients understand unfamiliar expressions: a specific word formation with a high degree of compositionality, cues or anchoring in the prior context or common ground. While a compositional word formation is not always necessary to sufficiently understand meaning in interaction due to other resources, opaque word formation has its limits when it comes to understanding the meaning of an expression especially when recipients cannot rely on other resources to understand the expression.
More matters of typology
Authors: Iyengar Arvind 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since their coinage a quarter-century ago, the terms abugida and alphasyllabary
(Bright 1999; Daniels & Bright 1996)
have revolutionised our conceptualisation of writing systems. Together with alphabet, these terms have proven
invaluable in classifying subtypes of segmentaries–writing systems whose grain size is the phonological segment (Gnanadesikan 2017). Nevertheless, there remain areas of ambiguity. Segmentaries that are
either abugidas or alphasyllabaries–but not both–may be classified under various labels, and inconsistently so. Moreover, certain
minoritised writing systems such as those based on Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics or Braille are only rarely covered in typological
studies, despite the potential insights they offer.
In this paper, I use Bright’s (1999) and Gnanadesikan’s (2017) typology of vowelled segmentaries as the point of departure to propose an augmented
classification based on specific graphematic criteria. Aside from illustrating the proposed typology by applying it to various
writing systems, I also identify avenues for further refinement.
A flat-top arrayed waveguide grating base on cascading ‘A’ shape multimode interference
Authors: Zhou Kanglu , Liu Xiaochun , Zhang Jialiang , Chen Changshui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Today, large bandwidth is required to increase data transmission speeds, this requires an optimized design of the photonic devices. To achieve increasing bandwidth in the wavelength division multiplexing device’s arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). We have cascaded a special ‘A’ shape multimode interference (MMI) structure at the end of the input waveguide. ‘A’ shape structure is better able to get the ideal light field distribution, making the flattening effect more perfect. The ‘A’ shape MMI is designed by the linear spreading equation, the structure of the MMI can be easily and conveniently manufactured in a practical application. Simulation results show that increasing the 1 dB bandwidth to 0.7 nm and the 3 dB bandwidth to 1.6 ± 0.2 nm, the insertion loss is measured at 3.5 ± 0.3 dB, and the channel crosstalk is below −30 dB. It paves the path to achieve increasing bandwidth of AWG.
Spin–orbit torques due to topological insulator surface states: an in-plane magnetization as a probe of extrinsic spin–orbit scattering
Authors: Farokhnezhad Mohsen , Cullen James H , Culcer Dimitrie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Topological insulator (TI) surface states exert strong spin–orbit torques. When the magnetization is in the plane its interaction with the TI conduction electrons is non-trivial, and is influenced by extrinsic spin–orbit scattering. This is expected to be strong in TIs but is difficult to calculate and to measure unambiguously. Here we show that extrinsic spin–orbit scattering sizably renormalizes the surface state spin–orbit torque resulting in a strong density dependence. The magnitude of the renormalization of the spin torque and the effect of spin–orbit scattering on the relative sizes of the in-plane and out-of-plane field-like torques have strong implications for experiment: We propose two separate experimental signatures for the measurement of its presence.
Structural and electronic transport properties of Zn- and Ga-doped Bi2−
x
Sb
x
Te3−
y
Se
y
topological insulator single crystals
Authors: Pradhan Sanand Kumar , Mal Priyanath , Pradhan Sharadnarayan , Lakhani Archana , Das Bipul , Rambabu P , Turpu G R , Das Pradip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive study of structural and magnetotransport properties of pristine Bi2−x
Sb
x
Te3−y
Se
y
(BSTS) single crystals and doped with Zn (BSTS:Zn) and Ga (BSTS:Ga) are presented here. Magnetic field dependent Hall resistivities of the single crystals indicate that the holes are the majority carriers. The field dependent resistivity curves at different temperatures of the crystals display cusp-like characteristics at low magnetic fields, attributed to two-dimensional (2D) weak antilocalization (WAL) effect. We fit the observed low-field WAL effects at low temperatures using 2D and three-dimensional (3D) Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) equations. The 2D HLN equation fits the data more closely than the 3D HLN equation, indicating a 2D nature. The 2D HLN equation fit to the low field WAL effects at various temperatures reveal a phase coherence length (l
φ) that decreases as temperature increases. The variation of l
φ with temperature follows T
−0.41 power law for BSTS:Zn, suggesting that the dominant dephasing mechanism is a 2D electron–electron (e−e) interactions. For pristine BSTS and BSTS:Ga, l
φ(T) is described by considering a coexistence of 2D e−e and electron–phonon (e−p) interactions in the single crystals. The temperature variation of the longitudinal resistance in BSTS:Ga is described by 3D Mott variable range hoping model. In contrast, the transport mechanisms of both pristine BSTS and BSTS:Zn are described by a combination of 2D WAL/EEI models and 3D WAL.
Research on fire detection method of complex space based on multi-sensor data fusion
Authors: Su Qian , Hu Guangzhou , Liu Zhenxing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Efficient and reliable fire detection methods are essential for addressing complex spatial characteristics of older residential communities, which often face poor fire safety conditions, various fire types, and challenges in rescue operations. In response to the problem of lacking comprehensive analysis of multidimensional data in traditional fire detection, which often leads to false alarms and missed alarms, this paper proposes a fire detection method based on multi-sensor data fusion. Various sensors are employed, including smoke sensors, temperature sensors, CO sensors, and flame sensors. These sensors collect multidimensional data, which are fused using improved adaptive filters and fuzzy Bayesian logical reasoning algorithms to establish a fire detection model based on multi-sensor data fusion. To additionally, false alarms and missed detections caused by sensor damage are further solved by exploring hidden spaces. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fire detection system based on multi-sensor data fusion effectively analyses fire occurrence and progression in older residential communities, and performs stability, accuracy and real-time property.
Intelligent fault diagnosis methods for hydraulic components based on information fusion: review and prospects
Authors: Guan Hanlin , Ren Yan , Tang Hesheng , Xiang Jiawei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic component faults have the characteristics of nonlinear time-varying signal, strong concealment, and difficult feature extraction, etc. Timely and accurately fault diagnosis of hydraulic components is helpful to curb economic losses and accidents, so researches have carried out a lot of research on hydraulic components. Information fusion technology can combine multi-source data from multiple dimensions to mine fault data features, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis results. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive and systematic review in this domain. Therefore, in this paper, the hydraulic components information fusion fault diagnosis technologies are summarized and analyzed, encompassing the main process information fusion fault diagnosis and the research status of information fusion fault diagnosis of hydraulic system. The methods and techniques involved in the fusion process, data source and fusion method of fault diagnosis of hydraulic components information fusion are elaborated and summarized. The problems of information fusion in fault diagnosis of hydraulic components are analyzed, the solutions are discussed, and the research ideas of improving information fusion fault diagnosis are put forward. Finally, digital twin (DT) technology is introduced, and the advantages and research status of intelligent fault diagnosis based on DT are summarized. On this basis, the intelligent fault diagnosis of hydraulic components based on information fusion is summarized, and the challenges and future research ideas of applying information fusion and DT to intelligent fault diagnosis of hydraulic components are put forward and analyzed comprehensively.
Calibration method for binocular vision system with large field of view based on small target image splicing
Authors: Li Guang , Xu Zili , Zhang Yiming , Xin Cun , Wang Jun , Yan Song 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In vision measurement, camera calibration has a significant impact on measurement precision. The classical target-based calibration methods require the target to occupy more than one-third of the field of view. A small-size target that does not meet the requirements results in poor calibration accuracy, while an appropriate large-size target is difficult to manufacture and inconvenient to operate. In view of the above problem, we propose a flexible and accurate calibration method based on small target image splicing to calibrate the binocular vision system with a large field of view. The spliced images and virtual large targets are constructed to extend the target size, providing better flexibility for calibration. Moreover, an optimization objective function integrating two constraints in the imaging plane and measurement space is presented to improve the calibration accuracy during the parameter optimization process. The simulation experiments and actual experiments are carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the calibration accuracy of the proposed method using a small target is equivalent to that of Zhang’s method using a large target. Additionally, when using a same-size target, the parameter error of the proposed method is less than that of Zhang’s method, and the proposed method reduces the distance measurement error from 1.169 mm to 0.208 mm compared to Zhang’s method.
Detection of dislocation motion in atomistic simulations of nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Dimanstein Firman Noya , Engelberg Eliyahu Zvi , Ashkenazy Yinon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A method for identifying dislocation motion in atomistic simulations is presented. While identifying static and moving dislocations within a single crystal or a combination of such is well established, the method described here is tailored to identify dislocation motion by correlating the displacements of individual atoms. This facilitates the identification of dislocation motion in complex structural arrangements, and allows the specific contribution to plastic deformation, due to dislocation motion, to be separated from that of other mechanisms. The method is applied to test cases in crystals and grain boundaries (GBs), in which irradiation-induced creep (IIC) was induced. It is shown that the method singles out the moving dislocations from among the dislocation forest at GBs, thus identifying the specific reactions driving the distortion at any given time. This enables the study of dislocation processes in the presence of realistic obstacles, and the study of the effects of microstructure on dislocation mobility. As an example of such a study, the method is applied to rule out intragranular slip, and to estimate the contribution of dislocation motion to strain, in a NC undergoing IIC.
Preparation, biological activity and antibacterial properties of tantalum surface-doped Ca2+/Zn2+ nanorods
Authors: Cai Anqi , Yin Hairong , Wang Cuicui , Chen Qian , Yin Ruixue , Yuan Xin , Kang Haoran , Guo Hongwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this research, we utilize porous tantalum, known for its outstanding elastic modulus and biological properties, as a base material in biomedical applications. The human skeletal system is rich in elements like Ca and Zn. The role of Zn is crucial for achieving a spectrum of sterilizing effects, while Ca is known to effectively enhance cell differentiation and boost cellular activity. The focus of this study is the modification of porous tantalum using a hydrothermal method to synthesize Ca2+/Zn2+-doped Ta2O5 nanorods. These nanorods are subjected to extensive characterization techniques to confirm their structure and composition. Additionally, their biological performance is evaluated through a range of tests, including antibacterial assessments, MTT assays, and bacteria/cell scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The objective is to determine the most effective method of surface modification for porous tantalum, thereby laying a foundational theoretical framework for its surface enhancement.
Application of portable sleep monitoring devices in pregnancy: a comprehensive review
Authors: Balkan Nürfet , Çavuşoğlu Mustafa , Hornung René 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. The physiological, hormonal and biomechanical changes during pregnancy may trigger sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in pregnant women. Pregnancy-related sleep disorders may associate with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth and gestational hypertension. Most of the screening and diagnostic studies that explore SDB during pregnancy were based on questionnaires which are inherently limited in providing definitive conclusions. The current gold standard in diagnostics is overnight polysomnography (PSG) involving the comprehensive measurements of physiological changes during sleep. However, applying the overnight laboratory PSG on pregnant women is not practical due to a number of challenges such as patient inconvenience, unnatural sleep dynamics, and expenses due to highly trained personnel and technology. Parallel to the progress in wearable sensors and portable electronics, home sleep monitoring devices became indispensable tools to record the sleep signals of pregnant women at her own sleep environment. This article reviews the application of portable sleep monitoring devices in pregnancy with particular emphasis on estimating the perinatal outcomes. Approach. The advantages and disadvantages of home based sleep monitoring systems compared to subjective sleep questionnaires and overnight PSG for pregnant women were evaluated. Main Results. An overview on the efficiency of the application of home sleep monitoring in terms of accuracy and specificity were presented for particular fetal and maternal outcomes. Significance. Based on our review, more homogenous and comparable research is needed to produce conclusive results with home based sleep monitoring systems to study the epidemiology of SDB in pregnancy and its impact on maternal and neonatal health.
An open-access simultaneous electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram database
Authors: Kazemnejad Arsalan , Karimi Sajjad , Gordany Peiman , Clifford Gari D , Sameni Reza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. The EPHNOGRAM project aimed to develop a low-cost, low-power device for simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) recording, with additional channels for environmental audio to enhance PCG through active noise cancellation. The objective was to study multimodal electro-mechanical activities of the heart, offering insights into the differences and synergies between these modalities during various cardiac activity levels. Approach. We developed and tested several hardware prototypes of a simultaneous ECG-PCG acquisition device. Using this technology, we collected simultaneous ECG and PCG data from 24 healthy adults during different physical activities, including resting, walking, running, and stationary biking, in an indoor fitness center. The data were annotated using a robust software that we developed for detecting ECG R-peaks and PCG S1 and S2 components, and overseen by a human expert. We also developed machine learning models using ECG-based, PCG-based, and joint ECG-PCG features, like R–R and S1–S2 intervals, to classify physical activities and analyze electro-mechanical dynamics. Main results. The results show a significant coupling between ECG and PCG components, especially during high-intensity exercise. Notable micro-variations in S2-based heart rate show differences in the heart’s electrical and mechanical functions. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram and approximate entropy analyses confirm the higher volatility of S2-based heart rate compared to ECG-based heart rate. Correlation analysis shows stronger coupling between R–R and R-S1 intervals during high-intensity activities. Hybrid ECG-PCG features, like the R-S2 interval, were identified as more informative for physical activity classification through mRMR feature selection and SHAP value analysis. Significance. The EPHNOGRAM database, is available on PhysioNet. The database enhances our understanding of cardiac function, enabling future studies on the heart’s mechanical and electrical interrelationships. The results of this study can contribute to improved cardiac condition diagnoses. Additionally, the designed hardware has the potential for integration into wearable devices and the development of multimodal stress test technologies.
Vibration control by using active electromagnetic shunt damper
Authors: Chen Minghao , Mao Qibo , Yuan Weiting 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is well-known that the traditional electromagnetic shunt damping (EMSD) techniques are limited by the damping force of electronic components and require a negative resistance (NR) shunt circuit to enhance performance. However, the NR shunt circuit could lead to the EMSD system being unstable. Addressing this, this study proposes an advanced control system that employs active control technology combined with EMSD for vibration control. We first developed a dimensionless mathematical model of the control system, which was then finely tuned using an adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the relationship between control gain and optimal shunt circuit parameters was predicted using a BP neural network. Finally, the proposed Active-EMSD (AEMSD) was experimentally verified. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AEMSD not only surpasses traditional thresholds but also excels in isolating low-frequency vibrations. Compared to traditional EMSD, the proposed AEMSD showed improved effectiveness.
Scattering of ultrashort electron wave packets: optical theorem, differential phase contrast and angular asymmetries
Authors: Morimoto Yuya , Madsen Lars Bojer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in electron microscopy allowed the generation of high-energy electron wave packets of ultrashort duration. Here we present a non-perturbative S-matrix theory for scattering of ultrashort electron wave packets by atomic targets. We apply the formalism to a case of elastic scattering and derive a generalized optical theorem for ultrashort wave-packet scattering. By numerical simulations with 1 fs wave packets, we find in angular distributions of electrons on a detector one-fold and anomalous two-fold azimuthal asymmetries. We discuss how the asymmetries relate to the coherence properties of the electron beam, and to the magnitude and phase of the scattering amplitude. The essential role of the phase of the exact scattering amplitude is revealed by comparison with results obtained using the first-Born approximation. Our work paves a way for controlling electron-matter interaction by the lateral and transversal coherence properties of pulsed electron beams.