bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pyocin-like T6SS effector mediates bacterial competition in
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Yang Leilei , Jia Shuangkai , Sun Sihuai , Wang Lei , Zhao Bobo , Zhang Mengsi , Yin Yanling , Yang Mingming , Fulano Alex M. , Shen Xihui , Pan Junfeng , Wang Yao 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Within the realm of Gram-negative bacteria, bacteriocins are secreted almost everywhere, and the most representative are colicin and pyocin, which are secreted by
Escherichia coli
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, respectively. Signal peptides at the amino terminus of bacteriocins or ABC transporters can secrete bacteriocins, which then enter bacteria through cell membrane receptors and exert toxicity. In general, the bactericidal spectrum is usually narrow, killing only the kin or closely related species. Our previous research indicates that YPK_0952 is an effector of the third Type VI secretion system (T6SS-3) in
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
. Next, we sought to determine its identity and characterize its toxicity. We found that YPK_0952 (a pyocin-like effector) can achieve intra-species and inter-species competitive advantages through both contact-dependent and contact-independent mechanisms mediated by the T6SS-3 while enhancing the intestinal colonization capacity of
Y. pseudotuberculosis
. We further identified YPK_0952 as a DNase dependent on Mg
2+
, Ni
2+
, Mn
2+
, and Co
2+
bivalent metal ions, and the homologous immune protein YPK_0953 can inhibit its activity. In summary, YPK_0952 exerts toxicity by degrading nucleic acids from competing cells, and YPK_0953 prevents self-attack in
Y. pseudotuberculosis
.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteriocins secreted by Gram-negative bacteria generally enter cells through specific interactions on the cell surface, resulting in a narrow bactericidal spectrum. First, we identified a new pyocin-like effector protein, YPK_0952, in the third Type VI secretion system (T6SS-3) of
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
. YPK_0952 is secreted by T6SS-3 and can exert DNase activity through contact-dependent and contact-independent entry into nearby cells of the same and other species (e.g.,
Escherichia coli
) to help
Y. pseudotuberculosis
to exert a competitive advantage and promote intestinal colonization. This discovery lays the foundation for an in-depth study of the different effector protein types within the T6SS and their complexity in competing interactions. At the same time, this study provides a new development for the toolbox of toxin/immune pairs for studying Gram-negative bacteriocin translocation.
Do movement behaviours influence the association between early menarche and depression symptoms among Brazilian adolescents?
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Duncan Markus Joseph , Kuzik Nicholas , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: May 2024

Early menarche has been associated with adverse health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms. Discovering effect modifiers across these conditions in the pediatric population is a constant challenge. We tested whether movement behaviours modified the effect of the association between early menarche and depression symptoms among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 2031 females aged 15–19 years across all Brazilian geographic regions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire; 30.5% ( n = 620) reported having experienced menarche before age 12 years (i.e., early menarche). We used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Accruing any moderate–vigorous physical activity during leisure time, limited recreational screen time, and having good sleep quality were the exposures investigated. Adolescents who experienced early menarche and met one ( B: –4.45, 95% CI: (–5.38, –3.51)), two ( B: –6.07 (–7.02, –5.12)), or three ( B: –6.49 (–7.76, –5.21)), and adolescents who experienced not early menarche and met one ( B: –5.33 (–6.20; –4.46)), two ( B: –6.12 (–6.99; –5.24)), or three ( B: –6.27 (–7.30; –5.24)) of the movement behaviour targets had lower PHQ-9 scores for depression symptoms than adolescents who experienced early menarche and did not meet any of the movement behaviours. The disparities in depressive symptoms among the adolescents (early menarche vs. not early menarche) who adhered to all three target behaviours were not statistically significant ( B: 0.41 (–0.19; 1.01)). Adherence to movement behaviours modified the effect of the association between early menarche and depression symptoms.
Relationship between fault transmissivity, flow dimensions and effective hydraulic conductivity in siliceous mudstone of the Wakkanai Formation around the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory in Japan
Authors: Ozaki Yusuke , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: May 2024

Effective hydraulic conductivity is typically used to evaluate groundwater flow in faulted/fractured media. Estimating effective hydraulic conductivity relies on modelling the transmissivity and hydraulic connectivity of faults/fractures using a large dataset. As an alternative to evaluating hydraulic connectivity, flow dimension is an easily available and quantitative indicator of fault/fracture hydraulic connectivity. However, the flow dimension has not been used as much quantitatively to evaluate the effective hydraulic conductivity. This study demonstrates how flow dimensions in poorly self-sealed faults directly relate to effective hydraulic conductivities. Effective hydraulic conductivities of massive siliceous mudstone of the Wakkanai Formation around the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Japan were analysed by simulation with long-term (>10 years) data of hydraulic pressure and inflow during the construction and operation of the URL. The estimated effective hydraulic conductivities varied from
c
. 10
−8
to
c
. 10
−11
m s
−1
with an increase in depth from
c
. 250 to
c
. 600 m. The fault local transmissivities and flow dimensions from packer tests varied from
c
. 10
−6
to
c
. 10
−10
m
2
s
−1
and from
c
. 2.0 or more to
c
. 1.0 with increasing depth, respectively. When applying the Landau–Lifshitz–Matheron formula to calculate the fault effective transmissivities, these variations correlate well and the estimated effective hydraulic conductivities are sound.
Know their Customers: An Empirical Study of Online Account Enumeration Attacks
Authors: Maceiras Maël , Salehzadeh Niksirat Kavous , Bernard Gaël , Garbinato Benoit , Cherubini Mauro , Humbert Mathias , Huguenin Kévin 
Published: May 2024

Internet users possess accounts on dozens of online services where they are often identified by one of their e-mail addresses. They often use the same address on multiple services and for communicating with their contacts. In this paper, we investigate attacks that enable an adversary (e.g., company, friend) to determine (stealthily or not) whether an individual, identified by their e-mail address, has an account on certain services (i.e., an
account enumeration attack
). Such attacks on
account privacy
have serious implications as information about one’s accounts can be used to (1) profile them and (2) improve the effectiveness of phishing. We take a multifaceted approach and study these attacks through a combination of experiments (63 services), surveys (318 respondents), and focus groups (13 participants). We demonstrate the high vulnerability of popular services (93.7%) and the concerns of users about their account privacy, as well as their increased susceptibility to phishing e-mails that impersonate services on which they have an account. We also provide findings on the challenges in implementing countermeasures for service providers and on users’ ideas for enhancing their account privacy. Finally, our interaction with national data protection authorities led to the inclusion of recommendations in their developers’ guide.
FDA Approval Summary: Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Natrajan Kavita , Kaushal Megha , George Bindu , Kanapuru Bindu , Theoret Marc R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In February 2022, the FDA approved ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting the B-cell maturation antigen, for adult patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after ≥4 lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Approval was based on overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, and duration of response (DoR) in 97 adult patients in a single-arm, open-label, multicenter phase 2 trial (CARTITUDE-1 [NCT03548207]). Patients received a single infusion of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, preceded by lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Of the 97 patients evaluable, ORR was 97.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 92.7–99.7] with a stringent CR rate of 78.4% (95% CI, 68.8–86.1). After median follow-up of 18 months, the median DoR was 21.8 months (95% CI, 21.8–not estimable [NE]) in responders (PR or better) and NE (95% CI, 21.8 months–NE) in patients who achieved stringent CR. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 55% of the 97 patients evaluated for safety. Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic toxicities occurred in 5% and 11% of the patients, respectively, leading to a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy. Neurologic toxicities included immune effector cell–associated neurologic syndrome, typically seen with CAR-T products, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. One fatal case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome occurred. Prolonged and recurrent grade 3 or 4 cytopenias occurred; a single patient required hematopoietic stem-cell rescue.
Justin Martyr’s Problem with Platonism: Heresy and Anthropology in Dialogue 4 and the Syntagma
Authors: List Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In Dialogue 4, Justin changes his mind on two specific tenets of Platonic philosophy: the idea that the soul can see God, and the doctrine of transmigration. The Platonic anthropology rejected by Justin happens to be foundational to the theological systems of his Christian demiurgical opponents: Simon and Helen, Basilides, and Carpocrates (who are likely discussed and refuted in Justin’s now-lost Syntagma Against all the Heresies). In this paper, I argue that this is not coincidental, and that Justin’s problem with Platonic anthropology is bound up with his broader heresiological concerns. By rejecting these two doctrines, Justin was able to define Christianity on his own terms while effectively undermining the teachings of his religious rivals. This further explains the specificity of Justin’s problem with Platonism, which should not be read as a wholesale rejection of Platonic philosophy.
Morphological and molecular diversity analysis vis-a-vis phylogenetic correlation among pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sharma Som Dev , Sharma Vikas Kumar , Kumari Reena , Khatri Shireen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Identification of different pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes using morphological descriptors and further substantiated through molecular means is essential for a breeding program. Characterization using molecular markers has an advantage over its morphological counterpart due to its low expense, quick and reliable results, and the requirement of less sophisticated equipment. In this study, eight different pomegranate cultivars were characterized based on their morphological and molecular characters in sub-tropical regions between 2018 and 2019. Morphological experiments were conducted in a randomized block design replicated thrice for each cultivar, whereas RAPD markers were employed for molecular studies. Principal component analysis revealed significant morphological variation (79.61%) among the cultivars. A high level of polymorphism, similar to PCA, was observed with RAPD analysis (80.49%). Some discrepancies between morphological and molecular results were noted in UPGMA cluster analysis. However, eight primers (total = 41) distinctively separated the Bhagwa variety from others, with the maximum similarity coefficient value (ca. 0.54) and superior fruit quality distinguished in PCA analysis with the maximum mean Euclidean distance (ca. 16). Hence, RAPD markers could be used along with morphological markers for a quick screening of germplasms in further crop improvement programs.
Factors influencing Italian consumers’ willingness to buy and pay for insect-fed poultry products
Authors: Tiboldo G. , Casolani N. , Reguzzi M.C. , Cominelli F. , Coderoni S. , Arata L. , Mazzoni E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of insects as a protein source in feed production can significantly improve the sustainability of livestock production. Despite several environmental and animal welfare benefits, the economic sustainability of such an approach depends on the level of consumer acceptance and willingness to pay for insect-fed poultry diets. Using the results of an online survey of more than 850 Italian consumers, we first examine the main differences between two groups of consumers: those who are willing to buy insect-fed poultry meat and eggs and those who are not. The t-test is used to search for statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their stated preferences for key food attributes that influence purchase decisions, as well as their view on food safety, quality and environmental issues. We then use ordered logit regression to estimate the determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry compared to conventional poultry products. Particular attention is paid to the possible role of trust in the ability of the food system to provide safe food in influencing consumers’ preferences. The results show that consumers who are willing to buy insect-fed meat and eggs are more environmentally aware, have a stronger belief in the crucial role that changes in current food consumption patterns can play for the environment and social well-being, and have a higher level of trust in the system that guarantees food safety. The willingness to pay a price premium for insect-fed poultry food is mainly influenced by respondents’ beliefs about insect-fed poultry food, especially in terms of its expected quality characteristics and animal welfare. Findings from this analysis could provide insights into investments to ensure the economic sustainability of a more circular supply chain.
Poor, Sick, and Mad: Treating the Mentally Ill in the Hungarian Hospitals of the Brothers of Mercy (1740–1830)
Authors: Kovács Janka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper addresses the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century practices of care provision for the mentally ill in Hungarian hospitals run by the Brothers of Mercy, highlighting the connections between illness and poverty, and the approaches taken towards the treatment of mental illness throughout this period. Even though we cannot talk about standardized care and a systematic therapeutic regime having emerged by the early nineteenth century, the practice of registering and isolating those perceived as mentally ill within hospitals is already detectable. Besides the social background of the patients, the remaining documents (patient statistics, registries, and regulations) enable us to examine how mental illnesses were named and classified in the hospitals of the Order. There are references, moreover, to the isolation and division of these patients into different classes based as much on their social and financial backgrounds as on their mental state. A survey of the documents of hospital administration, alongside narrative sources that reflect the daily routine of the Order’s hospitals (e.g., newspapers, medical topographies, travelogues), highlights the problems of medicalization and the pursuit of specialized care for this severely marginalized and stigmatized subgroup of hospital patients. They also offer a unique glimpse into early strategies of care provided by the Church at a time when the medico-political authorities were only beginning to address the problem in the Habsburg monarchy.
Jesus and the Making of the Modern Mind, 1380-1520
Authors: Clossey Luke 
Published: May 2024

For his fifteenth-century followers, Jesus was everywhere – from baptism to bloodcults to bowling. This sweeping and unconventional investigation looks at Jesus across one hundred forty years of social, cultural, and intellectual history. Mystics married him, Renaissance artists painted him in three dimensions, Muslim poets praised his life-giving breath, and Christopher (“Christ-bearing”) Columbus brought the symbol of his cross to the Americas. Beyond the European periphery, this global study follows Jesus across – and sometimes between – religious boundaries, from Greenland to Kongo to China.
Amidst this diversity, Jesus and the Making of the Modern Mind, 1380-1520 offers readers sympathetic and immersive insight into the religious realities of its subjects. To this end, this book identifies two perspectives: one uncovers hidden meanings and unexpected connections, while the other restricts Jesus to the space and time of human history. Minds that believed in Jesus, and those that opposed him, made use of both perspectives to make sense of their worlds.
This book includes over one hundred images, tables and audio clips.
Toward User-Friendly All-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation from Space: General Scheme and Product
Authors: Du Yihan , Wang Tianxing , Zhou Yu , Letu Husi , Li Dahui , Xian Yuyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Longwave downward radiation (LWDR) is an important driving parameter in climate and hydrological models. Compared to traditional ground-based measurements, remote sensing has unique advantages in estimating global LWDR. However, for current remote sensing missions, as the typical available satellite-derived LWDR product with global coverage and hourly temporal resolution, the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System-Synoptic (CERES-SYN) top of atmosphere and surface fluxes and clouds has a low spatial resolution (1° × 1°). There is still much room for improvement of the existing remote sensing LWDR products in terms of accuracy, spatiotemporal resolutions, and the ability to explain and quantify the changes of longwave radiation at various scales. To overcome these limitations, this paper developed a new global LWDR product with improved accuracy (RMSE < 30 W m−2 over the globe), high temporal resolution (hourly), and spatial resolution (5 km) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements. It serves as a LWDR product within the Long-term Earth System spatiotemporally Seamless Radiation budget dataset (referred to as LessRad). As the first long-term high-resolution, spatiotemporally continuous LWDR product (2002–22, 1 h, 5 km), the LessRad reveals its advantages in studying the spatiotemporal variability of LWDR on finer scales. It also provides a valuable data source for various applications, such as analyzing land–atmosphere interactions and quantifying climate feedback, and thus is potentially helpful for understanding Earth’s energy budget and dynamics.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Mortality and Clinical Characteristics in Hospitalized Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease in the Year 2020 in Germany
Authors: Piepenburg Sven M. , Maslarska Mariya , Kaier Klaus , Mühlen Constantin von zur , Westermann Dirk , Hehrlein Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic developed its full destructive capacity in 2020. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effects of COVID-19 on the mortality and the clinical characteristics in PAD patients with COVID-19 compared to PAD patients without COVID-19. Methods and results Data derived from a German nationwide register of the year 2020 which encompassed all hospitalized patients with PAD ( n = 173.075); N = 2553 also suffered from a COVID-19 infection and had significantly higher mortality rates of 11.2%. PAD + COVID-19 patients presented more clinical complications like major amputations (11.59%), myocardial infarction (2.08%), cardiogenic shock (2.98%), chronic kidney failure with GFR<= 15 mL/min (5.33%) and prolonged ventilation time >48 h (3.37%). Rates of pulmonary thromboembolism (0.24%), myocardial infarction (2.08%), and stroke (1.02%) were low in patients with PAD + COVID-19. Adjusted regression analyses for risk differences revealed possible causes of higher mortality rates, such as prolonged ventilation time, pneumonia, major amputations, multiple organ system failure, and length of hospital stay in patients with severe PAD (Rutherford 5-6) + COVID-19. Conclusion Pneumonia and major amputations were associated with high mortality rates in PAD + COVID-19 in 2020. However, we could not detect a relevant influence of pulmonary thromboembolism, myocardial infarction or stroke on higher death rates of PAD + COVID-19.
Risk Factors for Complications in Patients Undergoing Temporal Bone Resection and Neck Dissection: Insights From a National Database
Authors: Ordoyne Liam M. , Alvarez Ivan , Borne Grant , Fabian Isabella , Adilbay Dauren , Kandula Rema A. , Asarkar Ameya A. , Nathan Cherie-Ann O. , Olinde Lindsay , Pang John 
Published: May 2024

Background: Temporal bone resection (TBR) with or without neck dissection (ND) is performed for otologic malignancies with occult or clinical cervical lymph node metastases. To date, characterization of post-operative complications in single institution case series may be non-representative of real-world outcomes. Here, we used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to comprehensively assess the complications encountered, their frequencies, and to identify underlying risk factors to improve future outcomes. Methods The population was patients undergoing TBR and ND derived from the NIS between the years of 2017 and 2019. We utilized ICD-10 diagnosis codes to identify patients with post-operative complications, those discharged to non-home facilities (DNHF), and those with increased length of stay (LOS). Multivariable regression was performed to identify significant variables related to the above outcomes. Results: Ninety of 277 patients that underwent LTBR with ND had postoperative complications. Wound complications were the most frequent complication, occurring in 11 (4%) of patients, followed by CSF leak (n = 6; 2.2%), with acute respiratory failure being the most common medical complication (n = 4; 1.4%). Sixteen percent (45/277) were discharged to a facility besides home. Dementia (OR = 7.96; CI95 3.62-17.48), anemia (OR = 2.39; CI95 1.15-4.99), congestive heart failure (OR = 5.31; CI95 1.82-15.45), COPD (OR = 3.70; CI95 1.35-10.16), and history of prior stroke (OR = 8.50; CI95 1.55-46.68) increased the odds of DNHF. When evaluating LOS (median = 5 days, IQR = 1, 9), anemia (OR = 5.49; CI95 2.86-10.52), and Medicaid insurance (OR = 3.07; CI95 1.06-10.52) were found to increase the LOS. Conclusions: The vast majority of patients undergoing LTBR with ND have no complications and are discharged within a week. Liver disease is a risk factor for medical complications and increased charges. Patients with dementia or a prior stroke are at risk for DNHF, and those with prior anemia are at risk for a wound complication. Lay Summary: This study identified factors related to worse post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing temporal bone resection and neck dissection. Although safe for most patients, an existing diagnosis of liver disease, stroke, dementia, and anemia specifically are at risk for developing negative outcomes. Level of Evidence: 3.