bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects of Right Ventricular Apical Pacing on Left Atrial Remodeling and Function
Authors: XIE JUN‐MIN , FANG FANG , ZHANG QING , SANDERSON JOHN E. , YAT‐SUN CHAN JOSEPH , LAM YAT‐YIN , YU CHEUK‐MAN 
Published: April 2012

Background
: The acute effects of right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing on left atrial (LA) function in patients with normal ejection fraction are not clear.
Methods
: A total of 94 patients (age 68.1 ± 11.1 years, 26 men) with implanted RVA‐based dual‐chamber pacemakers were recruited into this study. Patients who were pacemaker‐dependent, in persistent atrial fibrillation or left ventricular ejection fraction <45% were excluded. Echocardiography (iE33, Philips, Andover, MA, USA) was performed during intrinsic ventricular conduction (V‐sense) and RVA pacing (V‐pace) with 15 minutes between switching modes. The total maximal LA volume (LAVmax), preatrial contraction volume (LAVpre), and minimal volume (LAVmin) were assessed by area‐length method. Peak systolic, early diastolic, and peak late diastolic (atrial contractile) velocity (Sm‐la, Em‐la, and Am‐la) and strain (ɛs‐la, ɛe‐la, and ɛa‐la) were measured by color‐coded tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in four mid‐LA walls at apical four‐ and two‐chamber views.
Results
: During V‐pace, LA volumes increased significantly compared with V‐sense (LAVmax: 52.0 ± 18.8 vs 55.2 ± 21.1 mL, P = 0.005; LAVpre: 39.8 ± 16.4 vs 41.3 ± 16.6 mL, P = 0.014; LAVmin: 27.4 ± 14.0 vs 29.1 ± 15.1 mL, P = 0.001). TDI parameters showed significant reduction in Sm‐la and Em‐la. Furthermore, ɛs‐la, ɛe‐la, and ɛa‐la decreased significantly, especially in patients with preexisting diastolic dysfunction (all P < 0.01).
Conclusions:

RVA pacing acutely induced LA enlargement and impaired atrial contractility. Patients with preexisting diastolic dysfunction may be more vulnerable to develop LA dysfunction and remodeling after acute RVA pacing. (PACE 2011;XX:1–7)
Is Pursuit of Termination of Atrial Fibrillation During Catheter Ablation of Great Value in Patients with Longstanding Persistent Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: PARK YAE M. , CHOI JONG‐IL , LIM HONG E. , PARK SANG W. , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: May 2012

Termination of Atrial Fibrillation During Catheter Ablation Predicts Better Outcome. Background: The reliable endpoint for ablation of longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (LPAF) has not been clearly established.Methods and Results: This study included 140 patients who underwent catheter ablation for drug‐refractory LPAF. A stepwise ablation approach included circumferential pulmonary vein isolation followed by left atrial and right atrial complex fractionated electrogram‐guided ablation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was terminated by radiofrequency application during catheter ablation in 95 patients (67.9%). Among them, 33 patients (23.6%) converted to sinus rhythm directly, whereas 62 patients (44.3%) via atrial tachycardias (ATs). Patients in whom AF terminated during the index procedure had a lower recurrence rate of atrial arrhythmia than patients in whom AF did not terminate (45.3% vs 68.9%, P = 0.009, follow‐up 18.7 ± 7.6 months). Among patients in whom AF terminated, there was no significant difference in recurrence rate according to the termination mode, whether converted to AT or not (P = NS). However, patients who converted to AT had a higher recurrence rate of AT (54.8% vs 81%; P = 0.016). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that termination of AF during ablation (HR 0.440; 95% CI: 0.200–0.969, P = 0.041) and structural heart disease (HR 2.633; 95% CI: 1.211–5.723; P = 0.015) were significant independent factors predicting the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia.Conclusions: Termination of AF during catheter ablation is associated with a better clinical outcome in patients with LPAF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23 pp. 1051‐1058, October 2012)
The Role of Music in Everyday Life: Current Directions in the Social Psychology of Music
Authors: Rentfrow Peter J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMusic is a crucial element of everyday life. People spend hours listening to it and billions of dollars buying it. Yet despite the pervasiveness of music, mainstream social‐personality psychology has hardly given any attention to this universal social phenomenon. Why is music important to people? What role does music play in everyday life? This article reviews research in fields outside mainstream psychology concerned with the social and psychological factors that influence how people experience and use music in their daily lives. The research in this area shows that music can have considerable effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior. It also indicates that people use music to serve various functions, from emotion regulation to self‐expression to social bonding. Research in this emerging field reveals how social‐personality psychology can inform our understanding of music, and in doing so it highlights the real‐world relevance of mainstream theory and research.
DNA barcoding of six Ceroplastes species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from China
Authors: DENG JUN , YU FANG , ZHANG TONG‐XIN , HU HAO‐YUAN , ZHU CHAO‐DONG , WU SAN‐AN , ZHANG YAN‐ZHOU 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCeroplastes Gray (wax scales) is one of the genera of Coccidae, most species of which are considered to be serious economic pests. However, identification of Ceroplastes species is always difficult owing to the shortage of easily distinguishable morphological characters. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences (or DNA barcodes) and the D2 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene 28S were used for accurate identification of six Ceroplastes species (C. floridensis Comstock, C. japonicus Green, C. ceriferus (Fabricius), C. pseudoceriferus Green, C. rubens Maskell and C. kunmingensis Tang et Xie) from 20 different locations in China. For COI data, low G·C content was found in all species, averaging about 20.4%. Sequence divergences (K2P) between congeneric species averaged 12.19%, while intra‐specific divergences averaged 0.42%. All 112 samples fell into six reciprocally monophyletic clades in the COI neighbour‐joining (NJ) tree. The NJ tree inferred from 28S showed almost same results, but samples of two closely related species, C. ceriferus and C. pseudoceriferus, were clustered together. This research indicates that the standard barcode region of COI can efficiently identify similar Ceroplastes species. This study provides an example of the usefulness of barcoding for Ceroplastes identification.
Risk factors for progression of normal‐tension glaucoma under β‐blocker monotherapy
Authors: Araie Makoto , Shirato Shiroaki , Yamazaki Yoshio , Matsumoto Chota , Kitazawa Yoshiaki , Ohashi Yasuo ,   for the Nipradilol‐Timolol Study Group
Published: May 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To prospectively study prognostic factors for normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) under treatment with topical β‐blocker.Methods:  One hundred and forty‐six eyes of 146 patients with NTG with a mean untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) of 14 mmHg, mild to moderate visual field damage and mean spherical equivalent refraction of −3.5 (−8.0 to +2.0) dioptre were randomized to topical nipradilol or timolol and followed for 3 years. The Humphrey full threshold 30‐2 visual field test was performed every 6 months, and optic disc photographs were obtained every 12 months. Progression was defined as visual field progression, optic disc and/or peripapillary nerve fibre layer change, and factors relating to progression were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:  IOP decreased by 1.0 mmHg over the 3‐year period, during which 35% showed progression according to the aforementioned criteria. Optic disc haemorrhage (hazard ratio [HR] 4.00, p < 0.001) and less extent of myopia (per dioptre, HR 1.15, p = 0.013) were significant risk factors. When progression was defined by visual field progression only, less extent of myopia was again a significant risk factor (HR 1.17, p = 0.038).Conclusion:  Beside optic disc haemorrhage, less extent of myopia was a risk factor for progression in the current NTG population where most patients were mildly myopic and IOP during follow‐up averaged 13.2 mmHg under topical β‐blocker.
A New Species of Liadotaulius (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Hao WU , Diying HUANG 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:Diverse caddis flies are recently collected from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou fauna in Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, northern China, and different types of caddis cases have been reported in the same locality. A new species of caddisfly, Liadotaulius daohugouensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated; the establishment is based on a well‐preserved isolated forewing collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou. The family status of Liadotaulius is discussed on the basis of new material and is referred to the family Philopotamidae. The Daohugou fauna continues to provide new data for studying the early evolution of Trichoptera.
Seismotectonics of the 26 November 2005 Jiujiang‐Ruichang, Jiangxi, Ms 5.7 Earthquake
Authors: Zhujun HAN , Fushui LU , Fengju JI , Xinfu ZENG , Yanfen An 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The 26 November 2005 Jiujiang‐Ruichang, Jiangxi, Ms 5.7 earthquake occurred in a seismotectonic setting of moderate earthquake. The northwest‐trending Xiangfan‐Guangji fault (XFG) does not enter into the epicenter vicinity, but the northeast‐trending Ruichang‐Wuning fault (RWF) as a regional fault extends to the epicenter nearby, appearing as the Ruichang basin and its marginal faults. Tilting of the Ruichang Basin (RCB) in the Quaternary was controlled by the RCB southeast‐marginal, buried fault (RSMBF). Shallow geophysical survey reveals that the RSMBF caused an offset of the reflection layers. Drill hole columnar section demonstrates that there are about 10–12 m displacement in the lower section of the middle‐Pleistocene Series along the RSMBF, but no disruption is found in the upper section of the middle‐Pleistocene Series. The RSMBF not only has activity in the Quaternary, but also coincides with the nodal plane I from the focal mechanism of the Jiujiang‐Ruichang Ms 5.7 earthquake. This evidence, including aftershock distribution and isoseismic lines, strongly suggests that the RSMBF might be the seismogenic tectonics. The RWF is discontinuous at the surface, and consists of three en echelon Quaternary basins, which are the Ruichang, Fanzhen and Wuning basins. Three moderate earthquakes, the Fanzhen ML 4.9 earthquake, the Yejiapu ML 4.1 earthquake and the Jiujiang‐Ruichang Ms 5.7 earthquake, have happened in the basins since 1995. The seismogenic tectonics of the Jiujiang‐Ruichang Ms 5.7 earthquake is not isolated, but may be controlled by the RWF at depth, the slip of which causes the accumulation of energy for earthquake occurrence.
Agmatine Induces Rat Prostate Relaxation through Activation of Peripheral Imidazoline I2‐Receptors
Authors: LEE Liang‐Ming , LIN Chia‐Ho , CHUNG Hsien‐Hui , CHENG Juei‐Tang , CHEN I‐Hung , TONG Yat‐Ching 
Published: May 2012

Objectives: The effect of agmatine on prostate contractility as well as the roles of imidazoline receptors and potassium channels in this action were studied using isolated Wistar rat prostate tissue.Methods: Rat prostate strips were pre‐contracted with 1 µmol/L phenylephrine or 50 mmol/L KCl. The relaxation response to agmatine (1–100 µmol/L) was measured. The effects of imidazoline receptor blockers: efaroxan, BU224, KU14R; ATP‐sensitive K+ channels (KATP) channel inhibitor: glibenclamide; cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor: IBMX; or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor: H‐89 on the agmatine‐induced relaxation were studied.Results: Agmatine produced relaxation in prostate strips pre‐contracted with phenylephrine or KCl in a dose‐dependent manner. This relaxation was significantly reduced by BU224, a selective I2 imidazoline receptor (IR) blocker, but not by I1 or I3 IR blockers (efaroxan, KU14R respectively). Moreover, the agmatine‐induced relaxation was attenuated by glibenclamide and H‐89, but enhanced by IBMX.Conclusion: The results suggest that agmatine causes rat prostate relaxation by activation of the I2 IR, which opens KATP channels through cAMP/PKA pathway.
Reflections on a new Democratic South Africa’s role in the Multilateral Trading System
Authors: Ismail Faizel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe paper argues that South Africa’s participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) since the birth of its democracy in 1994 was informed by its domestic development challenges. It claims that South Africa’s values were derived from its long struggle against apartheid and its transition to a new democracy. South Africa’s political leadership in the Doha negotiations was also strengthened by its deep democratic institutions and consultative processes. South Africa’s values, articulated by Nelson Mandela, reflected a deep commitment to multilateralism and consensus building, fairness and justice, inclusiveness, and a concern to support and promote development, within South Africa, and also in developing countries, especially the African continent. The paper argues that the experiences of South Africa in the multilateral trading system have been inspired by the vision and principles set out by Nelson Mandela. This vision is based on the ‘idealist and aspirational’ discourse in foreign policy rather than the narrow ‘interest driven discourse of realism’.Policy Implications South Africa’s experience in the multilateral system suggests that a normative or value based approach based on principles and values can be more successful in building consensus and fair and balanced multilateral agreements than the mercantilist and realist approaches adopted by the US in the Doha round. Raising the awareness of US trade and foreign policy makers on the need to avoid being taken hostage by their narrow minded lobbies will be crucial for the success of multilateral negotiations. EU trade and foreign policy makers need to build greater coherence between their more mercantilist approaches of their trade negotiators and human rights based approaches of their foreign policy negotiators. Other members in the BRICS group, such as China, India, Russia and Brazil, can learn from the experiences of South Africa and strive to adopt more idealist and normative approaches to their multilateral trade negotiations, ensuring that they are more responsive to the needs of the smaller and poorer developing countries.
From Flying Geese To Leading Dragons: New Opportunities and Strategies for Structural Transformation in Developing Countries1
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEconomic development is a process of continuous industrial and technological upgrading in which any country, regardless of its level of development, can succeed if it develops industries that are consistent with its comparative advantage, determined by its endowment structure. The successful strategy for developing countries is to exploit the latecomer advantage by building up industries that are growing dynamically in more advanced, fast growing countries that have endowment structures similar to theirs. By following carefully selected lead countries, latecomers can emulate the leader follower, flying geese pattern that has served well in effectively catching up economies since the 18th century. The emergence of large middle income countries such as China, India, and Brazil as new growth poles in the world, and their dynamic growth and climbing of the industrial ladder, offer an unprecedented opportunity to all developing economies with income levels currently below theirs—including those in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Having itself been a ‘follower goose’, China is on the verge of graduating from low skilled manufacturing jobs and becoming a ‘leading dragon’. That will free up nearly 100 million labor intensive manufacturing jobs, enough to more than quadruple manufacturing employment in low income countries. A similar trend is emerging in other middle income growth poles. The lower income countries that can formulate and implement a viable strategy to capture this new industrialization opportunity will set forth on a dynamic path of structural change that can lead to poverty reduction and prosperity.Policy Implications
Industrialization and structural change are the essence of economic development.
The best way for a developing country to achieve sustained, dynamic growth is to follow comparative advantage in its industrial development and to tap into the potential of advantages of backwardness in industrial upgrading.
The industrialization in successful catching up countries often proceeds in a leader follower, flying geese pattern.
The dynamic growth in China and other large emerging markets provide an unprecedented opportunity for the industrialization and dynamic growth in Africa and other low income countries.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and lung adenocarcinoma: Case report
Authors: Boyd Michael , Ojha Shishir , Goyos Jose , Cragun William Hal , Rubio Edmundo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe spectrum of disease related to Aspergillus spp. within the lung is variable. The exact nature of any association of Aspergillus spp. either in the development or progression of lung cancer remains unexplored. Infrequent occurrences of pulmonary aspergilloma in the presence of adenocarcinoma of the lung have been reported. We present a rare case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with an accompanying finding of adenocarcinoma in a patient presenting with fever and a cavitary lung lesion.
Using Film in the L2 Classroom: A Graduate Course in Film Pedagogy
Authors: Sturm Jessica L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article is a description of a graduate pedagogy course on using film in language courses at the university level; the principles and methods taught are adaptable to any level and any second (L2) or foreign language course. The focus is the methodology, or topics and themes covered by the course, and results of the implemented method: student reactions, based on course evaluations and correspondence received by the author. Students in the course were enthusiastic and receptive to the course, and their coursework became part of a repository for other teaching assistants at their university. Long‐range implications are further implementation of film‐based pedagogy in L2 courses, providing a contextualized methodology and opportunities for communication in the L2.
In-vitro metabolism of glycyrrhetinic acid by human and rat liver microsomes and its interactions with six CYP substrates
Authors: Zhao Kai , Ding Ming , Cao Hui , Cao Zheng-xin 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Glycyrrhetinic acid is the main metabolite of glycyrrhizin and the main active component of Licorice root. This study was designed to investigate the in-vitro metabolism of glycyrrhetinic acid by liver microsomes and to examine possible metabolic interactions that glycyrrhetinic acid may have with other cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates.

Methods
Glycyrrhetinic acid was incubated with rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM). Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for glycyrrhetinic acid or substrates identification and quantification.

Key findings
The Km and Vmax values for HLM are 33.41 µm and 2.23 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively; for RLM the Km and Vmax were 24.24 µm and 6.86 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively. CYP3A4 is likely to be the major enzyme responsible for glycyrrhetinic acid metabolism in HLM while CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are considerably less active. Other human CYP isoforms have minimal or no activity toward glycyrrhetinic acid. The interactions of glycyrrhetinic acid and six CYP substrates, such as phenacetin, diclofenac, (S)-mephenytoin, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone and midazolam were also investigated. The inhibitory action of glycyrrhetinic acid was observed in CYP2C9 for 4-hydroxylation of diclofenac, CYP2C19 for 4′-hydroxylation of (S)-mephenytoin and CYP3A4 for 1′-hydroxylation of midazolam with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.3-fold, 3.8-fold and 9.6-fold higher than specific inhibitors in HLM, respectively. However, glycyrrhetinic acid showed relatively little inhibitory effect (IC50 &gt; 400 µm) on phenacetin O-deethylation, dextromethorphan O-demethylation and chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation.

Conclusions
The study indicated that CYP3A4 is likely to be the major enzyme responsible for glycyrrhetinic acid metabolism in HLM while CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are considerably less active. The results suggest that glycyrrhetinic acid has the potential to interact with a wide range of xenobiotics or endogenous chemicals that are CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 substrates.
AN INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT*†
Authors: Neimark Edith D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDevelopmental data from three experiments are reported in support of the assumptions that (a) there are two classes of preliminary transformations performed upon information at the early stages of thought: analyzing and memorializing; that (b) each transformation class has a characteristic ontogeny that (c) underlies the broader pattern of development of intelligence. Since most current developmental research may be characterized as concerned with the development of analytic transformations, some speculations on the additional role of memorializing transformations are proposed.
AUTOCORRELATION AND VARIANCE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL AND RUNOFF IN NEW JERSEY BASINS*
Authors: Bourodimos E. L. , Oguntuase A. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrediction of future hydrologic events and behavior in a river basin is the basis for efficient planning, economic design and control in water resources. Linear regression has shown stationarity of hydrologic data for Raritan and Mullica River Basins in New Jersey. Harmonic analysis has been applied to describe monthly periodic movement of runoff and precipitation. Removal of the deterministic periodic component has resulted in a random residual component. Autocovariance and spectral techniques have been employed in correlation analysis of the stochastic series of runoff and rainfall. A first‐order linear auto‐regressive (Markov) model for runoff has been established. High peaks of the spectra for runoff and precipitation at frequencies that are multiples of 0.083 cycle/month are associated with the annual cycle. Difference in explained variance, of runoff and precipitation spectra, reflects different geologic and watershed structure and different levels of evapotranspiration and urbanization between the two basins.