bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY STUDIES ON PERISTENUS PALLIPES AND P. PSEUDOPALLIPES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Lim K. P. , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDevelopment of P. pallipes, from egg to emerged larva, in the tarnished plant bug lasts 24.49 ± 2.38 days at 25 °C/16 h and 20 °C/8 h and 77 ± 5% R.H. with 16 h illumination.Eggs of P. pseudopallipes need 72–96 h to hatch under the above-cited regime. At least three distinct larval stages can be recognized without special staining procedures. The first instar larva is a caudate-mandibulate type. The second larval stage is acaudate and lives in the host haemocoele. The third larval stage is also acaudate and emerges from the host. The pupa is an exarate type diapausing in a cocoon. P. pseudopallipes is an arrhenotokous species. The longevity of the adults in the laboratory is about 16 days. The adult oviposits into the host abdomen.Survival of diapausing pupae is better at 16 h photophase than at 8 h photophase.
DOSE FRACTIONATION: EFFECTS ON LONGEVITY, MATING CAPACITY, AND STERILITY OF IRRADIATED MALES OF THE INDIAN MEAL MOTH, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE)
Authors: Brower John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult males of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were irradiated with doses of 25 or 35 krad or various equal fractions thereof spaced over a period of 1 to 3 days. Longevity of males was not decreased by any of the irradiation treatments, but it was significantly increased by fractionation when the second fraction was administered the second day. The mating ability of males with single females, was not significantly affected by irradiation or fractionation of irradiation doses. The percentage of sterile pairs was dependent both on the dose and on the pattern of fractionation. The lowest percentages of sterility at both doses occurred in the treatments that had three equal fractions. The numbers of progeny produced by fertile pairs were also correlated with both dose and pattern of fractionation. Significantly more progeny were produced by males treated with some of the fractionated doses than by males treated with a single dose of 25 krad. No differences in number of progeny occurred at 35 krad.
FOOD SELECTION BY ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE)
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator Fauvel, were found most frequently in bran, shelled sunflower seeds, rolled oats, and brown rice in a series of tests of up to 18 different household foods and oilseeds. Walnuts and flaxseed ranked next among the preferred foods. Wide fluctuations in preference occurred with bran, bread crumbs, and soda crackers. In a test of sunflower seeds, rolled oats, and bran all were equally preferred. Few beetles were found in wheat germ flakes, cornflakes, whole rapeseed, and raisins, and one or none in flour, a mixture of flour and brewers’ yeast (95:5, w/w), pancake mix, shredded coconut, and crushed or pulverized rapeseed. The same foods, in pulverized form, contained few or no beetles, indicating that food density affects insect distribution.
EFFICACY OF RONNEL AS A POUR-ON AND COUMAPHOS AS A DUST FOR CONTROL OF CATTLE LICE
Authors: Wright Russell E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA pour-on formulation of ronnel and 1% coumaphos dust were tested for control of cattle lice under southern Ontario feedlot conditions. Moderate to heavy populations of the cattle biting louse Bovicola bovis and light populations of the sucking lice Linognathus vituli and Haematopinus eurysternus were present on the treated cattle. The ronnel and coumaphos dust gave excellent reduction of lice populations for 43 and 35 days, respectively.
EVALUATION OF RAPESEED FLOUR AND PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR HONEY BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Nelson Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRapeseed flour fed to package honey bee colonies was preferred to soya flour, wheast, and pea protein concentrate. Rapeseed flour was equal to wheast and fresh mixed pollen for longevity when fed in small cages. Rapeseed flour was equal to wheast but both were inferior to fresh mixed pollen for brood rearing. Pea protein concentrate was the poorest diet in longevity and brood rearing tests.
NORTH AMERICAN LARVAE OF THE GENUS LOXOSTEGE HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE)
Authors: Allyson Suzanne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last-instar larvae of 13 species of Loxostege Hbn. are described and a key included to separate them to species. Notes on the life histories and habits have been added where these are available. One, L. sticticalis (L.), the beet webworm, often causes damage in commercial beet fields. The other species involved in this present work are: L. coloradensis (G. & R.), L. chortalis (Grt.), L. pseudobliteralis Capps, L. marculenta (G. &. R.), L. mancalis (Led.), L. helvialis (Wlk.), L. bifidalis (Fabr.), L. rantalis (Gn.), L. allectalis (Grt.), L. cereralis Zell., L. albiceralis (Grt.), and L. floridalis B. & McD.
TRANSLOCATION OF CACODYLIC ACID IN DUTCH ELM-DISEASED AMERICAN ELMS AND ITS EFFECT ON SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Hostetler Bruce B. , Brewer J. Wayne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCacodylic acid was injected into hatchet-made frill girdles 60 cm above the ground on Dutch elm-diseased American elms (Ulmus americana L.) at the rate of 0.8 ml/cm circumference measured 1.3 m above the ground. Cacodylic acid was translocated up the trees into the phloem. Arsenic residue analyses at several different heights in each tree indicated an inverse relationship between height and amount of cacodylic acid residue in the phloem. Largest amounts were translocated in trees with 75% wilted crowns.Cacodylic acid injection into elms had no significant inhibitory effect on Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) brood development. Cacodylic acid residues as high as 1700 ppm caused little or no beetle mortality. Highest numbers of beetles/dm2 bark surface area emerged from acid-treated elms with 75% crown wilt and from untreated elms with 100% crown wilt.
TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF ADULT COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA LENGI AND C. M. MEDIALIS (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AND RESPONSES TO OVIPOSITIONAL STIMULANTS
Authors: Smith B. C. , Williams R. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn adult of either Coleomegilla maculata lengi or C. m. medialis ate about 280 mg dry Acyrthosiphon pisum in its lifetime at various constant temperatures. Total food consumption and rate of intake increased with temperature and rate did not vary with age. The average ages attained by field-collected and laboratory-reared adults were greatest at temperatures of 17° and 23 °C, respectively, for C. m. lengi and at 23 °C for C. m. medialis. Neither subspecies laid any eggs at 17 °C, C. m. lengi laid some eggs at 23 °C, and both subspecies laid the largest number of eggs at 25 °C. Fertility as percentage of eggs hatched was lower in both subspecies at 34 °C (30%) than at 23° and 25 °C (100%). Ethanol extracts of teak, cinnamon, clove, guaiacol, and resorcinol were the most effective ovipositional stimulants for C. m. lengi when formulated in water. Exposure to the ethanol extracts of different plants increased the incidence of oviposition by 19% and the number of eggs/♀/day by 36% in C. m. lengi.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
Authors: Martel P. , Svec H. J. , Harris C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory studies on the biology of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), were performed at 21° and 27 °C. At 21 °C females laid eggs for 88 days on carrot slices and 94 days on foliage. Egg production per female averaged 156 and 175 on slices and leaves respectively. Eggs hatched after 8.3 days incubation and the larval stage comprising four instars was completed in 19.1 days. The prepupal and pupal stages lasted 3.7 and 9.4 days respectively. The complete life cycle including an average preoviposition period of 17 days was 57.6 days. Development was more rapid at 27 °C, with the complete life cycle taking only 37 days.
FEMALE COYNESS AND RECEPTIVITY DURING COURTSHIP IN PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Grant G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe receptivity of sexually mature Plodia interpunctella females during courtship was quantitatively analyzed. When males approached from the rear, two thirds of the females moved away from them on the first courtship encounter so that only 22% of these encounters led to copulation. In second encounters from the rear, however, 86% of the females turned and accepted the males, and 40% of them copulated. When the males approached head-on there was no observable difference in female receptiveness between first and second encounters; in each case over 90% of the females accepted the males and at least 55% of them copulated. Since the acceptance of the male by the female is dependent on her perception of a male sex pheromone released by scent glands on his forewings, she can probably identify the male immediately in head-on encounters but requires additional time or stimulation to do so in rear encounters.
RESIDUE LEVELS IN TOMATO PRODUCTS PROCESSED FROM FRUIT IN CONTACT WITH INSECTICIDE TREATED HAMPERS
Authors: von Stryk F. G. , Foott W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResidue analyses for insecticides were conducted when whole tomatoes and tomato juice were processed from damaged tomatoes that had been in contact with the surfaces of wooden hampers treated with malathion or diazinon. There were 0.18–0.21 and 0.59–0.64 ppm of malathion in whole tomatoes and juice, respectively. No diazinon residues could be detected in whole tomatoes and only traces in juice. The data show that it should be safe to treat tomato hampers with these insecticides in an attempt to control nitidulid beetles that infest damaged processing tomatoes during the period between picking and delivery to the factory.
PAENECALYPTONOTUS FONTINALIS N. GEN., N. SP., WITH REMARKS ON THE FAMILY ACALYPTONOTIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale and female adults of Paenecalyptonotus fontinalis n. gen., n. sp., are described. This is the second known species of Acalyptonotidae, and is unique in that adults have the idiosomal dorsum nearly covered by a sclerotized plate rather than mostly membranous, have 3 pairs of genital acetabula rather than 7 to 16 pairs, and inhabit cold water seepage areas and springs rather than lakes. Discovery of this species contributes to the elucidation of the relationship of Acalyptonotidae to other Arrenuroidea.
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF ACTIVITY OF FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY NIAIDS OF ANAX SP. AND SOMATOCHLORA SP. (ODONATA),
Authors: Swain Wayland R. , Wilson Robert M. , Neri R. Peter , Porter G. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new technique is described for remote monitoring of aquatic invertebrate populations which was specifically designed to eliminate effects on organism behavior attendant with other surveillance systems. Specifically, the system described overcomes the necessity for surgical implantation, restrictive weight, and the generation of unnatural activity.Activities of a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates have been monitored using this system ranging in size from crustaceans of 300–600 μ long to dragonfly naiads of 3–5 cm long.Immature Anax sp. and Somatochlora sp. were monitored for respiratory activity in relationship to decreasing oxygen tensions. An inverse relationship was observed between respiratory frequency and amplitude of respiration.
A NEW SPECIES OOENCYRTUS LEPTOGLOSSI (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, ENCYRTIDAE) REARED FROM EGGS OF LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOoencyrtus leptoglossi n. sp. is described and illustrated. This species is a parasite of the coreid bug (attacking pine seed) in Georgia, U.S.A.
CHINESE SPECIES OF PRISTIPHORA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PALAEARCTIC AND NEARCTIC SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wong Horne R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree species complexes (pallidiventris, chlorea, and geniculata) of Pristiphora Latreille are recognized from China. Two new species of Pristiphora from Nanking (Nanching), China, are described: P. sinensis n. sp., which is closely related to the Holarctic species P. geniculata (Hartig); and P. nankingensis n. sp., which belongs in the chlorea complex with P. fausta (Hartig), P. chlorea (Norton), and P. borneensis Forsius. P. formosana Rohwer and P. sauteri Rohwer from Taiwan (Formosa), together with P. zella Rohwer, P. pallidiventris (Fallén), and P. denudata Konow, belong in the pallidiventris complex. The lancets of the southeast Asian species of Pristiphora not illustrated by Benson (1963) are shown. Keys to adult females of species in the pallidiventris and chlorea complexes, and the separation of adult males and females of P. geniculata and P. sinensis n. sp., are presented. P. denudata is considered to be a valid species, not a subspecies of P. pallidiventris.
COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT OF PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) BY ACULUS SCHLECHTENDALI (ACARINA: ERIOPHYIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: Croft B. A. , Hoying S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEvidence for competitive deplacement of Panonychus ulmi (ERM) from apple trees via Aculus schlechtendali (ARM) by what is thought to be a foliage conditioning mechanism is presented. Previous feeding of ARMs at high and moderate density levels near or below the economic threshold for this phytophagous mite on apple reduced the build-up of the ERM in 3 years of field experiments on Red Delicious trees and during a single season on McIntosh apple foliage. Comparative tests measuring oviposition rates of the ERM on excised apple leaves which had sustained high and low levels of previous rust mite feeding gave results similar to field experiments. The applied aspect of how this interspecific relationship can be managed in the context of an integrated mite management program for apples is discussed.
OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF QUEEN AND WORKER BUMBLE BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Richards K. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOocytes of queen bumble bees from southern Alberta were partly developed when the queens emerged from hibernation in the spring. Early emerging species had less autumnal ovariole development and fed longer in spring before establishing a nest than did later emerging species. The main increase in oocyte size was synchronous with the finding of a suitable nest. The mean length of the largest oocyte for workers for all species was small, less than 0.7 mm, clearly indicating that workers contribute few males to the population.
FALLOCAMPUS: A NEW SAWFLY GENUS FOR THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PLATYCAMPUS SCHIØDTE (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wong Horne R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus, Fallocampus, with type-species Camponiscus americanus Marlatt is described to accommodate the Nearctic species formerly assigned to Platycampus Schiødte. The adults and larvae of the new genus resemble Platycampus and Anoplonyx Marlatt respectively. Diagnostic characters separating the adults and larvae of these genera are noted and illustrated. Biological notes and a key to the larvae of Fallocampus are presented.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL, PHORATE, AND COUNTER® IN SOIL
Authors: Harris C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe potential of chlorpyrifos-methyl and Counter® (S-[tert-butylthio) methyl] O, O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) as soil insecticides was assessed in the laboratory. Two established soil insecticides, chlorpyrifos and phorate, which are similar in chemical structure to chlorpyrifos-methyl and Counter respectively were included for comparative purposes. Spectrum of activity was determined using 24–48 h crickets, Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister), 24–48 h adults, Chaetopsis spp., third stage darksided cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris), northern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and honeybees, Apis mellifera L. Chlorpyrifos-methyl and chlorpyrifos showed the broadest spectrum of activity being toxic to all five species of insects; Counter and phorate were toxic to four of the five. Initial activity in soil was assessed relative to soil type, moisture, and temperature using crickets as the indicator species. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was as effective and more consistent in activity than chlorpyrifos. Counter was more effective and consistent in soil than phorate other than under conditions of low soil moisture. No clear relationship between chemical structure and either direct contact or initial toxicity in soil was apparent. Tests on persistence of biological activity in mineral soil indicated that, as is generally the case with dimethyl and diethyl forms of organophosphorus insecticides, chlorpyrifos-methyl was even less persistent than chlorpyrifos. Counter was slightly more persistent than phorate. Although very active the potential of chlorpyrifos-methyl as a soil insecticide would be restricted by its limited persistence. Counter was considered to have good potential.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUSEUXOA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): IX. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EGGS OF THE “DECLARATAGROUP”
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMorphological features of the eggs ofEuxoa campestris,E.declarata, andE.rockburnei, the “declaratagroup”, were diagnostic for the species; the esterase zymograms of the eggs ofcampestrisanddeclaratasupport the morphological findings. Chorionic features and the esterase zymograms of a hybrid resembled those of the female parent.
DIAPAUSE TERMINATION IN OVERWINTERING PUPAE OF RHEUMAPTERA HASTATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN INTERIOR ALASKA
Authors: Werner Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method was developed to terminate pupal diapause in Rheumaptera hastata through experimentation using controlled abiotic factors. Male and female pupae exposed to 0 °C at 75–100% moisture content for 90–120 days terminated diapause within 8–19 days following treatment. This method reduces diapause by 4 months compared with natural conditions. Light had a minimum effect on diapause termination; therefore, pupae should be exposed to constant darkness during the treatment period, followed by exposure to a 20L:4D photoperiod to obtain a high percentage of adult emergence.
EARLY GROUND APPLICATION OF ACEPHATE FOR CONTROL OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON DOUGLAS-FIR
Authors: Brewer J. Wayne , O’Neal J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe insecticide acephate (0.5-dimethyl acetyl phosphoramidothioate) was applied at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 lb A.I./gal (.058, 0.118, 0.179 kg/l.) in aqueous solution to individual Douglas-fir trees infested with western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, larvae in central Washington using hand held ground application equipment. Application was made when larvae were in the needle mining – bud mining stage at rates ranging from 2.58 to 5.10 gal/acre (3.97 to 7.84 l./ha). For all three concentrations, mortality of larvae inside needles was 94–98% after 1 day compared with a check mortality of 18% and larval mortality inside buds was 99% after 1 day compared with 23% for the check. Regression analyses indicated that defoliation was positively correlated with the number of needles mined the current year and per cent punctured buds, and negatively correlated with larval mortality inside both needles and buds. The data suggest that when applied at the rates used, acephate has some type of systemic action and can provide foliage protection during the year of application.
MODIFICATION AND FURTHER EVALUATION OF AN EQUATION FOR PREDICTING POPULATIONS OF CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Eikenbary R. D. , Grovenburg W. G. , Hedger G. H. , Morrison R. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn equation developed in 1972 and 1973 for predicting the number of adult pecan weevils, Curculio caryae (Horn), in pecan trees was modified to include natural survival and evaluated for estimating weevil population and for determining the initiation of control measures. This method of scheduling insecticide applications resulted in a lower infestation of pecan weevil than jarring, the most commonly used sampling method, with the same number of insecticide applications. The use of a prediction equation for estimating C. caryae populations to determine economic thresholds looks promising for the researcher, grower, or pest management specialist.
MATING FREQUENCY OF THE FEMALE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Elliott W. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEuropean corn borer moths were caught in an ultraviolet light trap from early June to late October at Harrow, Ont. Two conspicuous peaks of light trap catches occurred each year, corresponding to two generations, but a third generation was deduced from three peaks of occurrence of virgin females. The number of moths which could be caught with nets in the day time correlated with the light trap catch of the previous night (r = 0.7). Most of the moths caught in the light trap or in nets were females but males predominated in the early June, September, and October catches. The shortage of males in the second generation was shown to influence the proportion of females mating, but not the number of spermatophores per female. Most females mated once and the number of matings per female did not differ enough between years to account for differences in adult populations.
A MODEL OF CARBOHYDRATE NUTRITION IN THE BLOWFLYPHORMIA REGINA(DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Holling C. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn experimental component analysis approach is used to define the physiological interactions of carbohydrate nutrition and the manner in which it regulates the crop-emptying rate. The basic components of the crop-emptying rate are frequency of valve opening and the volume of the slug of fluid which passes through the valve. This volume is solely a function of crop volume, but the frequency of opening is a complex function determined by the crop volume, and by gut activity and blood osmotic pressure, both of which are related to nutritional parameters. To guide the formulation of the relationship, a model of the mechanism of valve function is proposed, based in the phenomenon of muscle creep.The osmotic pressure is estimated by calculating the change in blood trehalose level estimated from observed rates of disappearance of sugar from the crop. Sugar emptying from the crop diffuses from the midgut to the blood, where it is partitioned between trehalose and glycogen according to established biochemical relationships. The model developed fits a wide variety of published data on crop-emptying rates of flies fed different volumes and concentrations of sugar, and may be applied to active, inactive, and flying insects.