bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Flake‐Shaped NiO–YSZ Particles for High‐Porosity Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Wu Yuzhou , Dong Dehua , Ran Ran , Zeng Yao , Wang Kun , Shao Zongping , Wang Huanting 
Published: September 2011

A new synthesis method of using dehydration of sugar (sucrose) with concentrated sulfuric acid was developed to synthesize mixed oxide ceramic particles with flaky shape. The anode disks prepared from flake‐shaped NiO–YSZ particles without a pore‐forming additive exhibited uniform dispersion of NiO and YSZ and a high porosity (45.6%), leading to improved cell performance as compared with an anode prepared from conventional NiO–YSZ powder in Ni–YSZ/YSZ/LSM single cells operated with H2 as the fuel; their maximum power densities were 381 and 300 mW·cm−2 at 850°C, respectively.
Stage of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with periodontitis
Authors: Tamaki Naofumi , Takaki Akinobu , Tomofuji Takaaki , Endo Yasumasa , Kasuyama Kenta , Ekuni Daisuke , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Yamamoto Kazuhide , Morita Manabu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimPeriodontitis induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This state increases circulating ROS levels and may affect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Japan Integrated Stage (JIS) score is a novel staging system for HCC. The objective of the present study was to compare JIS scores in HCC patients with and without periodontitis.Material and MethodsWe recruited 64 HCC patients comprising 31 chronic periodontitis subjects (HCC + P) and 33 periodontally healthy controls (HCC + H). Their JIS scores were recorded. Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) from HCC + P, HCC + H and healthy age‐ and gender‐matched subjects with healthy gingiva (control, n = 15) were also assessed for circulating ROS levels.ResultsThe HCC + P and HCC + H groups had similar body mass index, habitual drinking and tobacco exposure data. The HCC + P group showed higher JIS scores than the HCC + H group (p = 0.027). Both the HCC + P and HCC + H groups had higher serum levels of ROM than controls (p < 0.001), while serum levels of ROM in the HCC + P group were a further 25.8% higher than those in the HCC + H group (p < 0.001).ConclusionHCC patients with periodontitis had higher JIS score and circulating ROS level than HCC patients without periodontitis.
Distinct Subpopulations of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Can Differentially Induce Macrophages and T Regulatory Cells Toward a Pro‐Tumor Phenotype
Authors: Alvero Ayesha B. , Montagna Michele K. , Craveiro Vinicius , Liu Lanzhen , Mor Gil 
Published: September 2011

Citation Alvero AB, Montagna MK, Craveiro V, Liu L, Mor G. Distinct subpopulations of epithelial ovarian cancer cells can differentially induce macrophages and T regulatory cells toward a pro‐tumor phenotype. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 256–265Problem  Presence of immune infiltrates in the tumor does not always correlate with an anti‐tumoral immune response. We previously identified two subpopulations of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells with differential cytokine profile. We hypothesize that these two subpopulations of EOC cells may differentially regulate the immune phenotype in the tumor microenvironment and therefore affect the immune response.Method of Study  Macrophages derived from CD14+ monocytes and naive CD4+T cells were treated with conditioned media from two subpopulations of EOC cells. Differentiation markers and phagocytic activity were measured by western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Cytokine levels were quantified using xMAP technology.Results  Type I EOC cells are able to enhance macrophages’ capacity for tumor repair and renewal by enhancing expression of scavenger receptors and by promoting the secretion of cytokines associated with tissue repair. On the other hand, type II EOC cells are able to create a tolerant microenvironment and prevent an immune response by inducing macrophages’ to secrete IL‐10 and by promoting the generation of T regs.Conclusion  We demonstrate that each ovarian cancer cell subpopulation can induce a unique phenotype of macrophages and T cells, both associated with tumor‐supportive function.
Elderly complete denture wearers: a social approach to tooth loss
Authors: Papadaki Eftychia , Anastassiadou Vassiliki 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00550.xElderly complete denture wearers: a social approach to tooth lossObjectives:  To correlate emotional reactions to tooth loss with denture satisfaction attributes in elderly complete denture wearers.Background:  Total tooth loss is a serious life event, and poor oral health has an impact on daily life. Edentulism treated by rehabilitation with dentures can have a positive effect on patients’ self‐image and social behaviour.Methods:  A group of 80 edentulous subjects undergoing routine prosthetic care in a Greek Department of Prosthetic Dentistry were interviewed using two structured questionnaires. The first questionnaire explored reactions to tooth loss, whereas the second measured their subjective experience of complete dentures. The responses to both questionnaires were compared using the statistical package spss v.17.Results:  The results showed significant correlation between aspects of tooth loss experience and complete denture satisfaction. Despite the fact that a substantial proportion of patients were satisfied with their complete dentures, some patients experienced increased social and psychological problems related to their edentulousness and the wearing of complete dentures. The aesthetic and functional aspects of complete dentures affected both patients’ social behaviour and self‐confidence.Conclusions:  Total tooth loss was not only reflected in patient’s social behaviour and self‐image, but it had a complex and multifaceted impact on satisfaction from complete dentures.
Language Ideologies and Policies: Multilingualism and Education
Authors: Farr Marcia , Song Juyoung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEducating multilingual students is a great challenge for both teachers and parents in a society in which English is the medium of schooling and of wider communication. Top‐down language policies often overpower teachers’ individual intentions and practices. In this paper, we point out that language ideologies in ‘commonsense’ beliefs and political orientations, rather than pedagogical considerations or research evidence, motivate language policies. We particularly discuss the language ideologies of standardization and monolingualism that underlie bilingual education and English‐only policies in the U.S. and how these policies conflict with the reality of multilingual students’ linguistic and identity practices. We also examine research on bilingual, bidialectal, and plurilingual practices in which multiple languages or varieties within a language co‐exist and are used creatively by speakers for significant social and pragmatic functions, and we highlight the critical gap between top‐down language policies and such ground‐level plurilingualism. Teachers’ knowledge of such plurilingual practices by their students and their deeper understanding of and critical perspective toward language policies can empower them to negotiate top‐down language polices in their classrooms in order to facilitate language and literacy development among their multilingual students.
The Brain Basis of Individual Differences in Language Comprehension Abilities
Authors: Prat Chantel S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIndividual differences in language abilities must be manifest by differences in brain functioning. Thus, comprehensive theories of the biological basis of language should account for systematic variability between individuals. This article is divided into two sections summarizing research on individual differences in the language comprehension network and their theoretical implications. The first section reviews research on individual differences in three network‐level characterizations of brain function: neural efficiency, neural adaptability, and functional synchronization. The second section describes some of the implications of this research for theories of language in the brain. The role of the right hemisphere in language comprehension, the brain bases of word knowledge and verbal working‐memory capacity, and potential mechanisms underpinning neural adaptability are discussed.
Adolescent Heritage Speakers of Less Commonly Taught Languages in the United States
Authors: Chhuon Vichet 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that heritage language maintenance can positively contribute to the academic and social lives of immigrant youth in the United States. This review examines the literature regarding adolescent heritage speakers of less commonly taught languages (LCTL). I focus on factors of ethnic identity and family relations and how they interact with language learning opportunities and outcomes for adolescent LCTL heritage learners. Heritage language development can lead to students’ stronger sense of ethnic identity which may serve as an important buffer from discrimination in schools and larger society. Heritage language development can also serve as a supportive mechanism for higher quality adult–child interactions and fewer acculturation‐related conflicts, particularly during adolescence.In short, researchers and educators must consider how heritage language learning opportunities matter for adolescent LCTL heritage speakers and all diverse students.
Improved methods for predicting trash delivery to culverts protected by trash screens
Authors: Wallerstein N. , Arthur S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe risk of flooding associated with blockage of culverts by natural and anthropogenic debris is often reduced by fitting a trash screen at the structure's inlet. However, screens can actually exacerbate flood risk if not properly designed and maintained. In this paper, findings from a project that has been tasked with developing decision support tools to help the asset manager prioritise screen clearance strategies are explored. The scientific knowledge base surrounding this complex issue has been extended using an empirical approach by correlating the probability of delivery of significant debris loads to trash screens, as determined using data from 140 screen sites in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with pertinent driving variables including channel properties, flows, land use types and the degree of social deprivation. This analysis has enabled fundamental relationships to be developed that, once validated, will help planners to establish the potential loads of debris that may be delivered to screens and will therefore offer a robust means to rank culverts in terms of blockage potential and therefore flood risk.
Mountain City Transit: Management Control and Performance Measurement
Authors: Klassen Mark , Kalagnanam Suresh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMountain City Transit (MCT) is a short in‐class case based on a real‐life city transit department, a context with which students are very familiar. The case allows three delivery options for instructors. A first option is for instructors to use the case to introduce various elements of management control—the case is rich, thereby allowing students to identify multiple issues facing the organization. As a second option, instructors can use it as a performance management case wherein students build a balanced scorecard and receive a completed strategy map to analyze. As a third delivery option, the case can be used twice during the course, both to introduce management control and to discuss performance measurement. Students will also discuss real life implementation challenges that MCT and other organizations face.
Positive Action Seals in Europe
Authors: Jagger E. T. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Positive Action seals have been known and used in Europe for more than 20 years. Early designs used the “Threaded Bush” principle, but this was developed into the “Spiral Groove” principle in order to achieve the advantages of economic production along with positive action sealing. The paper presents a historical survey of these developments and outlines the current situation. Reference is also made to “Duo-Positive” seals (i.e. Positive Action seals which operate equally effectively for both directions of shaft rotation).
Diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes Meningoencephalitis by Real-Time PCR for the
hly
Gene
Authors: Le Monnier Alban , Abachin Eric , Beretti Jean-Luc , Berche Patrick , Kayal Samer 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a bacterial pathogen that can invade the central nervous system (CNS), causing meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. The diagnosis of CNS listeriosis, based on the isolation of the bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), can be difficult because of previous antibiotic treatment and a low number of bacteria in the CSF. To improve the sensitivity of microbiological diagnosis, we have developed a real-time PCR assay for detecting and quantifying
L. monocytogenes
DNA in the CSF. The designed primers specifically amplify the
L. monocytogenes
hly
gene, which encodes listeriolysin O, a pore-forming cytolysin. The PCR assay for the
hly
gene (PCR-hly) provides reproducible quantitative results over a wide dynamic range of concentrations and was highly sensitive while detecting a single gene copy/ml. By assaying a large panel of bacterial species, including species secreting pore-forming cytolysin, we determined the specificity of the PCR-hly, which exclusively detects the
L. monocytogenes
DNA. We then analyzed 214 CSF samples from patients suspected of having CNS listeriosis. PCR-hly was positive in all cases in which
L. monocytogenes
was isolated by culture. Positive PCR-hly of the CSF was also obtained for five additional, clinically confirmed cases of CNS listeriosis for which bacterial cultures were negative presumably due to previous treatment with antibiotics. As a complement to classical bacteriological CSF culture, our designed real-time PCR-hly assay proved to be valuable by enhancing the rapidity and the accuracy of the diagnosis of CNS infection by
L. monocytogenes
. In addition, the quantitative results provided may, in some instances, be useful for the follow-up of patients under treatment.
Listeria monocytogenes: a Rare Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Children
Authors: Le Monnier Alban , Blanot Stéphane , Abachin Eric , Beretti Jean-Luc , Berche Patrick , Kayal Samer 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

We report a case of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection in a 3-year-old boy caused by the food-borne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
, subsequent to acute peritonitis. This unusual presentation of central nervous system (CNS) listeriosis underlines the ability of the bacteria to form and survive within biofilms on indwelling medical devices. Bacterial persistence may lead to treatment failure and spreading. We highlight the helpfulness of specific quantitative real-time PCR for the
hly
gene (PCR-hly) for the diagnosis and follow-up of such infections in detecting bacterial persistence within medical devices despite effective antibiotic treatment. Only the surgical replacement of the VP shunt will resolve the infection.
Determination of Disk Diffusion and MIC Quality Control Ranges for GSK1322322, a Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor
Authors: Ross James E. , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E. , Miller Linda A. , Sader Helio S. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

GSK1322322 is a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor in the early phase of development for treatment of complicated bacterial skin and skin structure infection and hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia. This quality control (QC) study was performed to establish broth microdilution and disk diffusion QC ranges for strains
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 29213 (MIC range, 1 to 4 μg/ml),
Haemophilus influenzae
ATCC 49247 (MIC and disk diffusion zone diameter ranges, 0.5 to 4 μg/ml and 20 to 28 mm, respectively),
Streptococcus pneumoniae
ATCC 49619 (MIC and disk diffusion zone diameter ranges, 0.12 to 0.5 μg/ml and 23 to 30 mm, respectively), and
S. aureus
ATCC 25923 (disk diffusion zone diameter range, 18 to 26 mm). These ranges are crucial for evaluating GSK1322322 potency as it progresses through clinical trials.
Rapid Virological Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections by Use of a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR DNA Microarray
Authors: Leveque Nicolas , Van Haecke Adrien , Renois Fanny , Boutolleau David , Talmud Deborah , Andreoletti Laurent 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Viruses are the main etiological cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. A rapid molecular diagnosis is recommended to improve the therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a DNA microarray, the Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing the rapid and simultaneous detection of 9 DNA and RNA neurotropic viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, HHV-8, and the human enteroviruses (HEVs). This evaluation was performed with 28 samples from the European proficiency panels (Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics [QCMD]; Glasgow, Scotland) and then with 78 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. The majority of the QCMD results obtained by the DNA microarray were similar to those recorded by the overall QCMD participants. The main discrepant results were observed for low concentrations of HSV-2 and HEVs. From the clinical samples, the kit detected 27 of the 28 herpesvirus CNS infections and all of the 30 HEV-positive CSF samples. No false-positive result was observed among the 20 virus-negative CSF samples. The clinical sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the assay were 98.3, 100, 95.2, and 100%, respectively, when the results were compared to those of commercially available PCR assays. Interestingly, HHV-7 was detected in 11 (37%) of the 30 HEV-positive CSF samples from children suffering from aseptic meningitis causing significantly longer lengths of stay at the hospital than infection with HEVs alone (2.4 versus 1.4 days;
P
= 0.038). In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that this DNA microarray could be a valuable molecular diagnostic tool for single and mixed DNA and RNA virus infections of the CNS.
Comparative Evaluation of Bruker Biotyper and BD Phoenix Systems for Identification of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Yan Yingjun , Meng Shufang , Bian Dongmo , Quinn Criziel , Li Haijing , Stratton Charles W. , Tang Yi-Wei 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The Bruker Biotyper and BD Phoenix systems were evaluated for identification of 1,024 bacterial urinary tract isolates. The Biotyper and Phoenix systems correctly identified 99.9% and 99.5% to the genus level and 99.1% and 98.5% to the species level, respectively. Both systems provide reliable results, and the Biotyper system offers a rapid tool for urine bacterial isolate identification.
Usefulness of Three-Channel Multiplex Real-Time PCR and Melting Curve Analysis for Simultaneous Detection and Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Hong Yun Ji , Chung Young Hoon , Kim Taek Soo , Song Sang Hoon , Park Kyoung Un , Yim Jae Joon , Song Junghan , Lee Jae Ho , Kim Eui Chong 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

We attempted to determine the benefits of three-channel multiplex real-time PCR and melting curve analysis not only in detecting and distinguishing between nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex but also in identifying NTM to the species level.
ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 Activity Is Required To Recruit AP-1 to the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) Cytoplasmic Tail and Disrupt MHC-I Trafficking in HIV-1-Infected Primary T Cells
Authors: Wonderlich Elizabeth R. , Leonard Jolie A. , Kulpa Deanna A. , Leopold Kay E. , Norman Jason M. , Collins Kathleen L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

HIV-1-infected cells are partially resistant to anti-HIV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) due to the effects of the HIV Nef protein on antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and evidence has been accumulating that this function of Nef is important
in vivo
. HIV Nef disrupts the normal expression of MHC-I by stabilizing a protein-protein interaction between the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and the MHC-I cytoplasmic tail. There is also evidence that Nef activates a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent GTPase, ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF-6), to stimulate MHC-I internalization. However, the relative importance of these two pathways is unclear. Here we report that a GTPase required for AP-1 activity (ARF-1) was needed for Nef to disrupt MHC-I surface levels, whereas no significant requirement for ARF-6 was observed in Nef-expressing T cell lines and in HIV-infected primary T cells. An ARF-1 inhibitor blocked the ability of Nef to recruit AP-1 to the MHC-I cytoplasmic tail, and a dominant active ARF-1 mutant stabilized the Nef–MHC-I–AP-1 complex. These data support a model in which Nef and ARF-1 stabilize an interaction between MHC-I and AP-1 to disrupt the presentation of HIV-1 epitopes to CTLs.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccine Protects Hamsters against Lethal Challenge with Andes Virus
Authors: Brown Kyle S. , Safronetz David , Marzi Andrea , Ebihara Hideki , Feldmann Heinz 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Andes virus (ANDV) is a highly pathogenic South American hantavirus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). A high case fatality rate, the potential for human-to-human transmission, the capacity to infect via aerosolization, and the absence of effective therapies make it imperative that a safe, fast-acting, and effective ANDV vaccine be developed. We generated and characterized a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector expressing the ANDV surface glycoprotein precursor (VSVΔG/ANDVGPC) as a possible vaccine candidate and tested its efficacy in the only lethal-disease animal model of HPS. Syrian hamsters immunized with a single injection of VSVΔG/ANDVGPC were fully protected against disease when challenged at 28, 14, 7, or 3 days postimmunization with a lethal dose of ANDV; however, the mechanism of protection seems to differ depending on when the immunization occurs. At 28 days postimmunization, a lack of detectable ANDV RNA in lung, liver, and blood tissue samples, as well as a lack of seroconversion to the ANDV nucleocapsidprotein in nearly all animals, suggested largely sterile immunity. The vaccine was able to generate high levels of neutralizing anti-ANDV G
N
/G
C
antibodies, which seem to play a role as a mechanism of vaccine protection. Administration of the vaccine at 7 or 3 days before challenge also resulted in full protection but with no specific neutralizing humoral immune response, suggesting a possible role of innate responses in protection against challenge virus replication. Administration of the vaccine 24 h postchallenge was successful in protecting 90% of hamsters and again suggested the induction of a potent antiviral state by the recombinant vector as a potential mechanism. Overall, our data suggest the potential for the use of the VSV platform as a fast-acting and effective prophylaxis/postexposure treatment against lethal hantavirus infections.