bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unplanned delay between control visits influences the metabolic status in children with diabetes: an observational study
Authors: Kofoed P‐E , Thomsen J , Ammentorp J 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether the metabolic status had been influenced by the longer interval between visits because of a strike at the diabetes outpatient clinic.Methods:  During the strike from April 16 to June 15, 2008 all routine visits were cancelled. The HbA1c values from the last two visits prior to and the first two visits after the strike were compared with the values from the same periods the previous year. Danish speaking patients answered a questionnaire.Results:  For 155 children included, the mean HbA1c values before the strike were 8.1 and 8.1 (p = 0.39), while the value increased to 8.5 at the first visit (p < 0.0001) and 8.4 at the second visit following the strike (p = 0.14). No differences were found between any of the HbA1c values measured in 2007 (p > 0.05). Of the 152 questionnaires handed out, 113 (74.3%) were returned. Of these, 48 (42.5%) stated to have needed help, and 49 (43.3%) that their children’s diabetes had deteriorated because of the strike.Conclusions:  In this unplanned study, the increase of 0.4% in mean HbA1c supports previous findings that the interval between visits at a diabetic clinic is important for ensuring an acceptable metabolic control in children with diabetes.
Transforming readers: teachers and children in the Centre for Literacy in Primary Education Power of Reading project
Authors: O'Sullivan Olivia , McGonigle Sue 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a national project in England, The Power of Reading (Centre for Literacy in Primary Education), which has involved to date 41 projects over 5 years, in 16 Local Authorities nationally, with 900 schools and 1,350 teachers. The paper presents findings for the first 4 years. Our data demonstrate how professional development has increased teachers' knowledge of children's literature and developed their confidence in using a wide range of creative pedagogies based on texts. The paper draws on evidence to describe how the emotional power of texts can affect both teachers and children and change their engagement as readers. A range of evidence demonstrates children's responses to texts and their developing understanding through writing, talk, drawing and art work. We provide evidence to show how these factors have increased children's motivation and attainment as readers.
Images of childhood and the implied reader in young children's information books
Authors: Larkin‐Lieffers Patricia A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImages of childhood are ideas and expectations of childhood and children, and are reflections of individual perception and cultural ideologies. In writing children's books, authors draw on their conscious and unconscious thoughts of childhood to create an implied reader. In this paper I investigate images of childhood through examination of the portrayal of the implied reader in a selection of information books, a genre that is often overlooked for beginning readers. Three books of various sub‐genres, topics and presentation styles were examined for images of childhood and the child in the text and illustrations. Some images include childhood in formal education, the child as a co‐constructor, the child as a cultural reproducer, and childhood as a time of innocence and play. The construct of the implied reader shapes the reader and the reading experience, and is thus an element of the power of the text; awareness of the implied reader and the real reader response can help in teaching young children to read both with and against the text. When selecting information books, attention to their images of childhood as well as to the quality of the information they provide, will help to optimise young children's early reading experiences.
Genomic structure and characterization of mRNA expression pattern of porcine interferon gamma receptor 1 gene
Authors: Xing F. , Jiang C. , Liang S. , Kang L. , Jiang Y. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInterferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) plays an important role in the biological effects of IFN‐γ. In this study, porcine IFNGR1 cDNA was cloned and two transcripts both having a coding region of 1413 bp were identified. Porcine IFNGR1 cDNA shares 62.95%, 63.73%, 72.90% and 81.10% identity in nucleotide sequence; and 45.64%, 46.69%, 58.04% and 72.55% homology in amino acid sequence to those of rat, mouse, human and cattle, respectively. The porcine IFNGR1 genomic structure consists of seven exons and six introns and is located on porcine chromosome 1. The mRNA expression of porcine IFNGR1 gene is detected in all tissues examined, with strong expression in spleen and liver tissues and weak expression in cerebrum, cerebellum and uterus tissues, respectively. A different developmental pattern in IFNGR1 mRNA expression between Laiwu and Duroc breeds was revealed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR: in Duroc pigs, a significantly higher expression was found in the tissues of heart (P < 0.05), liver (P < 0.01), kidney (P < 0.01) and skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) of adult pigs compared to piglets. In porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)‐infected Dapulian pigs, compared to the uninfected ones, the expression level of IFNGR1 mRNA in spleen was significantly up‐regulated (P < 0.05), whereas its expression in the lymph node was significantly down‐regulated (P < 0.05); in PRRSV‐infected Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace commercial pigs, however, the differences both in spleen and lymph node tissues were not significant.
Dietary fructose, salt absorption and hypertension in metabolic syndrome: towards a new paradigm
Authors: Soleimani M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe worldwide increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome correlates with marked increase in total fructose intake in the form of high‐fructose corn syrup, beverage and table sugar. Increased dietary fructose intake in rodents has been shown to recapitulate many aspects of metabolic syndrome by causing hypertension, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia. Recent studies demonstrated that increased dietary fructose intake stimulates salt absorption in the small intestine and kidney tubules, resulting in a state of salt overload and thus causing hypertension. The absorption of salt (sodium and chloride) in the small intestine is predominantly mediated via the chloride/base exchangers DRA (Down Regulated in Adenoma) (SLC26A3) and PAT1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1) (SLC26A6), and the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 (Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger3) (SLC9A3). PAT1 and NHE3 also co‐localize on the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubule. Luminal fructose stimulated salt absorption in the jejunum and kidney tubules, responses that were significantly diminished in PAT1 null mice. These studies further demonstrated that Glut5 (SLC2A5) is the major fructose‐absorbing transporter in the small intestine (and kidney proximal tubule) and plays an essential role in the systemic homeostasis of fructose. Increased dietary fructose intake for several weeks upregulated the expression of NHE3, PAT1 and Glut5 in the intestine and resulted in hypertension in wild‐type mice, a response that was almost abolished in PAT1 null mice and abrogated in Glut5 null mice. This article will discuss the interaction of Glut5 with salt‐absorbing transporters and review the role of dietary fructose in enhanced salt absorption in intestine and kidney as it relates to the pathogenesis of hypertension in metabolic syndrome.
Review of the literature regarding early intervention for children and adolescents aged 0–15 experiencing a first‐episode psychiatric disturbance
Authors: Leavey JoAnn Elizabeth , Flexhaug Monica , Ehmann Tom 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim: The purpose of this review is to report on existing literature regarding children and adolescents younger than 16 years of age experiencing a first‐episode psychiatric disturbance. Rather than providing a comprehensive list of service implications, this paper identifies some of the gaps in knowledge and practice to encourage ongoing analysis regarding better practices for early intervention for children and adolescents experiencing a first‐episode psychiatric disturbance.Methods: A search was conducted to identify key evidence‐based literature published from 1985 to 2007 discussing various aspects of child and youth mental health in Canada, the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. The review also included ‘grey’ literature. Categories of information include diagnoses, pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment, prevalence, environmental and other risk factors, and demographic variables.Results: Understanding first‐episode psychiatric disturbance for patients under the age of 16 years is limited because of a scarcity of controlled studies focusing on this population. Programme evaluations are sparse, perhaps because of the small number of specialized units servicing this population. It may be helpful to enlist early intervention psychosis programmes that have been successful in assisting young people aged 16–24 in the development of better practices and care outcomes for younger age groups.Conclusions: The authors highlight information that has the potential to assist in optimizing care for those youth younger than 16 years experiencing or exhibiting signs of a first‐episode psychiatric disturbance.
Adaptive management of pest resistance by Helicoverpa species (Noctuidae) in Australia to the Cry2Ab Bt toxin in Bollgard II® cotton
Authors: Downes Sharon , Mahon Rodney J. , Rossiter Louise , Kauter Greg , Leven Tracey , Fitt Gary , Baker Geoff 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn Australia, monitoring Helicoverpa species for resistance to the Cry2Ab toxin in second generation Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton has precisely fulfilled its intended function: to warn of increases in resistance frequencies that may lead to field failures of the technology. Prior to the widespread adoption of two‐gene Bt cotton, the frequency of Cry2Ab resistance alleles was at least 0.001 in H. armigera and H. punctigera. In the 5 years hence, there has been a significant and apparently exponential increase in the frequency of alleles conferring Cry2Ab resistance in field populations of H. punctigera. Herein we review the history of deploying and managing resistance to Bt cotton in Australia, outline the characteristics of the isolated resistance that likely impact on resistance evolution, and use a simple model to predict likely imminent resistance frequencies. We then discuss potential strategies to mitigate further increases in resistance frequencies, until the release of a third generation product. These include mandating larger structured refuges, applying insecticide to crops late in the season, and restricting the area of Bollgard II® cotton. The area planted to Bt‐crops is anticipated to continue to rise worldwide; therefore the strategies being considered in Australia are likely to relate to other situations.
ISOMER SPECTROSCOPY AT RI BEAM LINE IN RCNP
Authors: ODAHARA A. , TAKASHIMA A. , SUGA M. , TAJIRI K. , KURATA K. , TAKATSU J. , ITO Y. , KENMOKU Y. , YAMAGUCHI K. , KAZATO M. , KURA K. , SHIMODA T. , SUZUKI T. , WATANABE H. , NISHIMURA S. , GONO Y. , IDEGUCHI E. , GO S. , WAKABAYASHI Y. , MORIKAWA T. , PETRACHE C. , BEAUMEL D. 
Published: July 2010

Experiments based on the isomer-spectroscopy method were performed using the secondary beam line at RCNP, Osaka University. Recently, a new γ-ray spectroscopy method was established using fusion reaction induced by low-energy RI beam. This method enables us to study high-spin states of nuclei in wider mass region where it is difficult to populate them by using the combination of stable beams and stable targets. This method works well although low production of nuclei, because (1) the combination of beams and targets can be selected with large-reaction cross section and (2) high-S/N measurement can be performed by the event-by-event detection to select the events correlated with RI beam, which reduces background γ rays, competing with γ rays emitted from fusion products. As the first step, high-spin states of 142 Pr were studied using fusion reaction induced by low-energy 17 N RI beam. Large cross section was obtained by the 130 Te (17 N ,5 n ) reaction with 4.9 MeV/u 17 N beam. Event selection, which was carried out by the event-by-event detection with low-beam intensity of 2×104 pps, enables high-S/N measurement.
CREATING THE DISPLACEMENT MAPPED LOW-LEVEL MESH AND ITS APPLICATION FOR CG SOFTWARE
Authors: MIYAZAKI RYUJI , HARADA KOICHI 
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we propose a new method for creating the displacement map to restore the detailed geometry from the low-level base mesh. The displacement mapping actually changes the surface geometry with the displacement information. Recent CG software can treat the displacement mapping for increasing the accuracy of the surface. We convert the displacement map to the color image that is mapped to the low-level mesh in order to utilize the displacement map by existing CG software. Because displacement information is in image format, we can compress the displacement information by any image compression technique. The load for creating the three-dimensional scene is reduced by using such a low-level mesh which has the displacement information. We obtain the displacement information by finding the point on the input mesh corresponding to the point on the base mesh. The corresponding point is calculated by using the barycentric coordinate of the parameterized mesh. Because the mesh parameterization creates one-to-one mapping between the input mesh and the base mesh, we can avoid the problems that are caused by the traditional ray-triangle intersection method. For demonstration, we restore the detailed surface from our result by using the Blender 2.44.
Protein phosphatase complement in rice: genome-wide identification and transcriptional analysis under abiotic stress conditions and reproductive development
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Giri Jitender , Kapoor Sanjay , Tyagi Akhilesh K , Pandey Girdhar K 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Protein phosphatases are the key components of a number of signaling pathways where they modulate various cellular responses. In plants, protein phosphatases constitute a large gene family and are reportedly involved in the regulation of abiotic stress responses and plant development. Recently, the whole complement of protein phosphatases has been identified in Arabidopsis genome. While PP2C class of serine/threonine phosphatases has been explored in rice, the whole complement of this gene family is yet to be reported.

Results

In silico investigation revealed the presence of 132-protein phosphatase-coding genes in rice genome. Domain analysis and phylogenetic studies of evolutionary relationship categorized these genes into PP2A, PP2C, PTP, DSP and LMWP classes. PP2C class represents a major proportion of this gene family with 90 members. Chromosomal localization revealed their distribution on all the 12 chromosomes, with 42 genes being present on segmentally duplicated regions and 10 genes on tandemly duplicated regions of chromosomes. The expression profiles of 128 genes under salinity, cold and drought stress conditions, 11 reproductive developmental (panicle and seed) stages along with three stages of vegetative development were analyzed using microarray expression data. 46 genes were found to be differentially expressing in 3 abiotic stresses out of which 31 were up-regulated and 15 exhibited down-regulation. A total of 82 genes were found to be differentially expressing in different developmental stages. An overlapping expression pattern was found for abiotic stresses and reproductive development, wherein 8 genes were up-regulated and 7 down-regulated. Expression pattern of the 13 selected genes was validated employing real time PCR, and it was found to be in accordance with the microarray expression data for most of the genes.

Conclusions
Exploration of protein phosphatase gene family in rice has resulted in the identification of 132 members, which can be further divided into different classes phylogenetically. Expression profiling and analysis indicate the involvement of this large gene family in a number of signaling pathways triggered by abiotic stresses and their possible role in plant development. Our study will provide the platform from where; the expression pattern information can be transformed into molecular, cellular and biochemical characterization of members belonging to this gene family.
Benign mammary epithelial cells enhance the transformed phenotype of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Poczobutt Joanna M , Tentler John , Lu Xian , Schedin Pepper J , Gutierrez-Hartmann Arthur 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Recent research has yielded a wealth of data underscoring the key role of the cancer microenvironment, especially immune and stromal cells, in the progression of cancer and the development of metastases. However, the role of adjacent benign epithelial cells, which provide initial cell-cell contacts with cancer cells, in tumor progression has not been thoroughly examined. In this report we addressed the question whether benign MECs alter the transformed phenotype of human breast cancer cells.

Methods
We used both in vitro and in vivo co-cultivation approaches, whereby we mixed GFP-tagged MCF-10A cells (G2B-10A), as a model of benign mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and RFP-tagged MDA-MB-231-TIAS cells (R2-T1AS), as a model of breast cancer cells.

Results
The in vitro studies showed that G2B-10A cells increase the colony formation of R2-T1AS cells in both soft agar and clonogenicity assays. Conditioned media derived from G2B-10A cells enhanced colony formation of R2-T1AS cells, whereas prior paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation of G2B-10A cells abrogated this enhancement effect. Moreover, two other models of benign MECs, MCF-12A and HuMECs, also enhanced R2-T1AS colony growth in soft agar and clonogenicity assays. These data reveal that factors secreted by benign MECs are responsible for the observed enhancement of the R2-T1AS transformed phenotype. To determine whether G2B-10A cells enhance the tumorigenic growth of co-injected R2-T1AS cells in vivo, we used the nude mouse xenograft assay. Co-injecting R2-T1AS cells with G2B-10A cells ± PFA-fixation, revealed that G2B-10A cells promoted a ~3-fold increase in tumor growth, irrespective of PFA pre-treatment. These results indicate that soluble factors secreted by G2B-10A cells play a less important role in promoting R2-T1AS tumorigenesis in vivo, and that additional components are operative in the nude mouse xenograft assay. Finally, using array analysis, we found that both live and PFA-fixed G2B-10A cells induced R2-T1AS cells to secrete specific cytokines (IL-6 and GM-CSF), suggesting that cell-cell contact activates R2-T1AS cells.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data shift our understanding of adjacent benign epithelial cells in the cancer process, from passive, noncontributory cells to an active and tumor-promoting vicinal cell population that may have significant effects early, when benign cells outnumber malignant cells.
Effects of hypoxic culture conditions on umbilical cord-derived human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lavrentieva Antonina , Majore Ingrida , Kasper Cornelia , Hass Ralf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing cultivation of distinct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations derived from human umbilical cord under hypoxic conditions (between 1.5% to 5% oxygen (O2)) revealed a 2- to 3-fold reduced oxygen consumption rate as compared to the same cultures at normoxic oxygen levels (21% O2). A simultaneous measurement of dissolved oxygen within the culture media from 4 different MSC donors ranged from 15 μmol/L at 1.5% O2to 196 μmol/L at normoxic 21% O2. The proliferative capacity of the different hypoxic MSC populations was elevated as compared to the normoxic culture. This effect was paralleled by a significantly reduced cell damage or cell death under hypoxic conditions as evaluated by the cellular release of LDH whereby the measurement of caspase3/7 activity revealed little if any differences in apoptotic cell death between the various cultures. The MSC culture under hypoxic conditions was associated with the induction of hypoxia-inducing factor-alpha (HIF-1α) and an elevated expression of energy metabolism-associated genes including GLUT-1, LDH and PDK1. Concomitantly, a significantly enhanced glucose consumption and a corresponding lactate production could be observed in the hypoxic MSC cultures suggesting an altered metabolism of these human stem cells within the hypoxic environment.
The epitope of the VP1 protein of porcine parvovirus
Authors: Xie Hong-ling , Wang Zhao , Cui Shang-jin , Zhang Chao-fan , Cui Yu-dong 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the major causative agent in a syndrome of reproductive failure in swine. Much has been learned about the structure and function of PPV in recent years, but nothing is known about the epitopes of the structural protein VP1, which is an important antigen of PPV. In this study, the monoclonal antibody C4 against VP1 of PPV was prepared and was used to biopan a 12-mer phage peptide library three times. The selected phage clones were identified by ELISA and then sequencing. The amino acid sequences detected by phage display were analyzed, and a mimic immuno-dominant epitope was identified. The epitope of VP1 is located in the N-terminal and contains the role amino acid sequence R-K-R. Immunization of mice indicated that the phage-displayed peptide induces antibodies against PPV. This study shows that peptide mimotopes have potential as alternatives to the complex antigens currently used for diagnosis of PPV infection or for development of vaccines.
Risk factors for total joint arthroplasty infection in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor α-blockers: a case-control study
Authors: Gilson Mélanie , Gossec Laure , Mariette Xavier , Gherissi Dalenda , Guyot Marie-Hélène , Berthelot Jean-Marie , Wendling Daniel , Michelet Christian , Dellamonica Pierre , Tubach Florence , Dougados Maxime , Salmon Dominique 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to assess natural microbial agents, history and risk factors for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) infections in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-blockers, through the French RATIO registry and a case-control study.MethodsCases were TJA infections during TNFα-blocker treatments. Each case was compared to two controls (with TJA and TNFα-blocker therapy, but without TJA infection) matched on age (±15 years), TJA localization, type of rheumatic disorder and disease duration (±15 years). Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate analyses with conditional logistic regression.ResultsIn the 20 cases (18 rheumatoid arthritis), TJA infection concerned principally the knee (n= 12, 60%) and the hip (n= 5, 25%).Staphylococcuswas the more frequent microorganism involved (n= 15, 75%). Four patients (20%) were hospitalized in an intensive care unit and two died from infection. Eight cases (40%) versus 5 controls (13%) had undergone primary TJA or TJA revision for the joint subsequently infected during the last year (P= 0.03). Of these procedures, 5 cases versus 1 control were performed without withdrawing TNFα-blockers (P= 0.08). In multivariate analysis, predictors of infection were primary TJA or TJA revision for the joint subsequently infected within the last year (odds ratio, OR = 88.3; 95%CI 1.1-7,071.6;P= 0.04) and increased daily steroid intake (OR = 5.0 per 5 mg/d increase; 1.1-21.6;P= 0.03). Case-control comparisons showed similar distribution between TNFα-blockers (P= 0.70).ConclusionsIn patients receiving TNFα-blockers, TJA infection is rare but potentially severe. Important risk factors are primary TJA or TJA revision within the last year, particularly when TNFα-blockers are not interrupted before surgery, and the daily steroid intake.