bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocannabinoid control of gastric sensorimotor function in man
Authors: AMELOOT K. , JANSSEN P. , SCARPELLINI E. , VOS R. , BOESMANS W. , DEPOORTERE I. , VANDEN BERGHE P. , TACK J. 
Published: February 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1123–1131SummaryBackground  Little is known about the physiological role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of the motility and the sensitivity of the stomach. Endocannabinoid system dysfunction has been hypothesized to contribute to the control of food intake and the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.Aim  To study the influence of rimonabant, the endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist, on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy controls.Methods  After 4 days of pre‐treatment with rimonabant 20 mg/day or placebo, 12 healthy volunteers (mean age 34 ± 12 years, six men) participated in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized, crossover study with a gastric barostat assessment of gastric sensitivity to distension, gastric compliance, gastric accommodation and phasic motility on day 3 and a liquid nutrient challenge test on day 4.Results  Rimonabant did not influence gastric compliance and sensitivity to distension. The meal‐induced gastric accommodation reflex was significantly inhibited by rimonabant (154.3 ± 30.9 vs. 64.3 ± 32.4 mL, P = 0.02). Rimonabant did not affect maximal nutrient tolerance or meal‐related symptoms during the satiety drinking test.Conclusion  Endocannabinoids acting on the CB1 receptor are involved in the control of gastric accommodation in man.
Interleukin‐13 directly promotes oesophagus production of CCL11 and CCL24 and the migration of eosinophils
Authors: Neilsen C. V. , Bryce P. J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground
Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EE) is a clinico‐pathologically defined oesophageal disorder that is characterized by eosinophil migration into oesophageal tissues. There is growing support for EE being an allergic disease and for a contribution of T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐associated cytokines in disease pathogenesis. The respiratory system has been shown to be critical in driving the development of EE in animal models. However, the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of eosinophils into the oesophagus remain unclear.Objective
We sought to investigate the influence of Th2‐associated cytokines on the production of eosinophil‐specific chemokines from the oesophagus directly.Methods
In order to eliminate the potential involvement of the lung, we utilized isolated oesophageal rings. These were treated in vitro with IL‐4 or IL‐13 and the expression and production of CCL11 and CCL24 were determined.Results
Our data demonstrate that IL‐13 is a potent and direct inducer of both CCL11 and CCL24 production from the oesophagus, as is IL‐4 also. The expression of CCL11 precedes CCL24 by several hours but then diminishes over time, as well as at high concentrations of IL‐13. We demonstrate that there is an up‐regulation of the inhibitory IL‐13 receptor, IL‐13Rα2 but that IL‐13Rα1 remains unaltered. Oesophagus rings isolated from STAT6−/− mice were unable to produce CCL11 or CCL24 upon IL‐13 treatment. Lastly, we demonstrate that oesophageal production of CCL11 and CCL24 upon IL‐13 stimulation is sufficient to promote eosinophil migration.Conclusions
IL‐13 is capable of directly stimulating oesophageal tissue to produce eosinophil‐attracting chemokines and drive eosinophil migration. Cite this as: C. V. Neilsen and P. J. Bryce, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 427–434.
Developments in allergen‐specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity
Authors: Focke M. , Swoboda I. , Marth K. , Valenta R. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific and disease‐modifying approach for the treatment of allergy but several disadvantages have limited its broad applicability. We argue that the majority of the possible disadvantages of SIT such as unwanted effects, poor efficacy and specificity as well as inconvenient application are related to the poor quality of natural allergen extracts, which are the active ingredients of all currently available allergy vaccines. Because of the progress made in the field of molecular allergen characterization, new allergy vaccines based on recombinant allergens, recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and allergen‐derived T cell peptides have entered clinical testing and hold promise to reduce the side‐effects and to increase the specificity as well as the efficacy of SIT. Here, we present a refined immunotherapy concept, which is based on the use of peptides derived from allergen surfaces that exhibit reduced, allergen‐specific IgE as well as T cell reactivity. These peptides when fused to non‐allergenic carriers give rise to allergen‐specific protective IgG responses with T cell help from a non‐allergenic carrier molecule. We summarize the experimental data demonstrating that such peptide vaccines can bypass allergen‐specific IgE as well as T cell activation and may be administered at high doses without IgE‐ and T cell‐mediated side‐effects. Should these peptide vaccines prove efficacious and safe in clinical trials, it may become possible to develop convenient, safe and broadly applicable forms of SIT as true alternatives to symptomatic, drug‐based allergy treatment.Cite this as: M. Focke, I. Swoboda, K. Marth and R. Valenta,Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 385–397.
Drug‐induced rhinitis
Authors: Varghese M. , Glaum M. C. , Lockey R. F. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground
Rhinitis is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and can be divided into two categories, allergic and non‐allergic. Drug‐induced is a type of non‐allergic rhinitis.Objective
A review of the literature was conducted. Very little is known about this topic and there are no publications to date solely devoted to drug‐induced rhinitis.Methods
A PubMed and Medline search was conducted using a combination of the keywords; drug, medication, rhinitis, congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritus, vasomotor, reflex, neurogenic, allergic and non‐allergic. Medications that were found in the search were then cross‐referenced with the physicians desk reference and Epocrates. The final literature search was conducted in August 2009.Results
Three categories of drug‐induced rhinitis exist based on the mechanism of action. These include local inflammatory, neurogenic and idiopathic types. Rhinitis medicamentosa, a form of drug‐induced rhinitis, has unique characteristics.Conclusion
When possible, the offending medication should be discontinued or substituted. Although there are no established treatment recommendations for drug‐induced rhinitis other than avoidance, clinical experience suggests that it would be reasonable to initiate use of an intranasal corticosteroid spray to treat symptomatically. The addition of an intranasal antihistamine in combination with use of an intranasal corticosteroid may be considered as step‐up therapy if the intranasal corticosteroid alone is not effective. Cite this as: M. Varghese, M. C. Glaum and R. F. Lockey, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 381–384.
Micro‐CT evaluation of residual material in canals filled with Activ GP or GuttaFlow following removal with NiTi instruments
Authors: Roggendorf M. J. , Legner M. , Ebert J. , Fillery E. , Frankenberger R. , Friedman S. 
Published: February 2010

Roggendorf MJ, Legner M, Ebert J, Fillery E, Frankenberger R, Friedman S. Micro‐CT evaluation of residual material in canals filled with Activ GP or GuttaFlow following removal with NiTi instruments. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 200–209, 2010.AbstractAim  To assess the efficacy of removing Activ GP or GuttaFlow from canals using NiTi instruments.Methodology  Root canals in 55 extracted pre‐molars were prepared to apical size 40, 0.04 taper. The teeth were imaged with micro‐CT, and 30 teeth selected that had consistent apical size and taper of the shaped canals. They were randomly assigned to root filling with either the glass‐ionomer‐based ActivGP system (n = 15) or the polyvinylsiloxane‐based GuttaFlow system (n = 15). After 2 weeks, canals were retreated stepwise with size 40–50 EndoSequence 0.04 taper instruments. Micro‐CT scans (8 μm) were taken after use of each instrument to detect root filling residue in the coronal, middle and apical segment, and the retreatment time recorded. Residue, expressed as percentage of canal surface area, was compared between groups with t‐tests, and within groups with repeated measures anova and Bonferroni‐adjusted pairwise comparisons. Retreatment time was analysed with one‐way anova.Results  The percentage of sealer residue‐coated canal surface was consistently highest (P < 0.001) in the apical third of canals, and it did not differ significantly between the two root filling groups. Stepwise enlargement from size 40 to 50 significantly decreased the amount of sealer residue in both groups (P < 0.001). Retreatment time did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusions  Both root fillings with ActivGP and GuttaFlow were removed with nickel‐titanium rotary instruments. Enlargement of canals up to two sizes beyond the pre‐retreatment size was necessary to minimize the amount of sealer remaining.
Radio‐opaque nanosized bioactive glass for potential root canal application: evaluation of radiopacity, bioactivity and alkaline capacity
Authors: Mohn D. , Zehnder M. , Imfeld T. , Stark W. J. 
Published: February 2010

Mohn D, Zehnder M, Imfeld T, Stark WJ.Radio‐opaque nanosized bioactive glass for potential root canal application: evaluation of radiopacity, bioactivity and alkaline capacity.International Endodontic Journal,43, 210–217, 2010.AbstractAim To produce novel nanosized bioactive glass particles with radio‐opaque properties and high alkaline capacity and to evaluate their performance as a potential bioactive root canal dressing or filling material.Methodology Flame spray‐derived bioactive glass particles in the nanometre range were produced including bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier. Calcium hydroxide, barium sulphate and bismuth oxide served as controls. Corresponding materials were compressed to obtain dense specimens with increased alkaline capacity. Radiopacity was evaluated, andin vitrobioactivity was monitored using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Leaching of bismuth was controlled using atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results Bioactive glass particles with up to 50 wt% bismuth oxide revealed radiopacity with an equivalent of 4.94‐mm aluminium. The introduction of bismuth into the bioactive glass altered the alkaline capacity and thein vitrobioactivity only for high bismuth oxide quantities. Bismuth oxide leaching out of the glass matrix was hardly detectable.Conclusion Bioactive glass can be modified with bismuth oxide to become radio‐opaque.
Vertical fracture of root filled teeth restored with posts: the effects of patient age and dentine thickness
Authors: Mireku A. S. , Romberg E. , Fouad A. F. , Arola D. 
Published: February 2010

Mireku AS, Romberg E, Fouad AF, Arola D. Vertical fracture of root filled teeth restored with posts: the effects of patient age and dentine thickness. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 218–225, 2010.AbstractAim  To determine whether patient age contributed to the fracture resistance of teeth subjected to root canal treatment and post placement.Methodology  Forty‐five single‐rooted, single‐canal human teeth were mounted, instrumented, obturated and prepared for a post. The teeth were divided into young (18 ≤ age ≤ 35) and old (60 ≤ age) groups and subjected to cyclic loading until fracture; those reaching 200 000 cycles without undergoing failure were then subjected to static loading to fracture. Statistical differences between groups were examined using one‐way anovas, and correlations were identified using Pearson’s r; significance was established at P ≤ 0.05.Results  There was no significant difference between the two age groups in terms of the number of cycles to fracture (P > 0.05) or the load to fracture (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the root fracture resistance and individual age, indicating that the susceptibility to root fracture increases significantly with increasing patient age. Also, the dentine thickness of roots that fractured was significantly less than those that did not (P = 0.04).Conclusion  Vertical root fracture of teeth receiving root canal treatment with posts is more likely to occur in the teeth of older patients (60+) and particularly in those with low dentine thickness.
Cyclic fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments in a simulated apical abrupt curvature
Authors: Plotino G. , Grande N. M. , Melo M. C. , Bahia M. G. , Testarelli L. , Gambarini G. 
Published: February 2010

Plotino G, Grande NM, Melo MC, Bahia MG, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments in a simulated apical abrupt curvature. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 226–230, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of five NiTi rotary systems in an abrupt apical curvature.Methodology  Cyclic fatigue testing was performed in stainless‐steel artificial canals with a 2‐mm radius of curvature and an angle of curvature of 90° constructed to the dimensions of the instruments tested. The middle of the simulated curvature was 2.5 mm from the tip of the instrument that was placed at full working length. All instruments were new and 25 mm in length. Ten ProTaper Universal F2 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland); FlexMaster (VDW, Munich, Germany) tip size 25, taper 0.06; Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) tip size 25, taper 0.06; ProFile tip size 25, taper 0.06 from Dentsply Maillefer (Ballaigues, Switzerland); and ProFile tip size 25, taper 0.06 from Dentsply Tulsa (Tulsa, OK, USA) were rotated passively at 300 rpm until fracture occurred, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) recorded. Length of the fractured tip was measured. Data were analysed by one‐way anova and Tukey HSD test to determine any statistical difference amongst groups.Results  Mtwo had the highest fatigue resistance compared to the other instruments (NCF 124 ± 25) (P < 0.001); there was no statistical difference between ProFile from the two different brands, although ProFile from Maillefer had the higher fatigue life (NCF 75 ± 10) compared to ProFile from Tulsa (NCF 66 ± 10). No difference was registered between FlexMaster (NCF 53 ± 5) and ProFile from Tulsa; ProTaper F2 had a significantly (P < 0.001) lower fatigue life compared to the other instruments tested (NCF 29 ± 5).Conclusions  Lifespan registered for the instruments tested in an apical abrupt curvature was Mtwo > ProFile from Maillefer > ProFile from Tulsa > FlexMaster > ProTaper.
Evaluation of the physical properties of an endodontic Portland cement incorporating alternative radiopacifiers used as root‐end filling material
Authors: Camilleri J. 
Published: February 2010

Camilleri J. Evaluation of the physical properties of an endodontic Portland cement incorporating alternative radiopacifiers used as root‐end filling material. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 231–240, 2010.AbstractAim  To investigate the physical and chemical properties of Portland cement (PC) loaded with alternative radiopacifying materials for use as root‐end filling materials in a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)‐like system.Methodology  Portland cement loaded with barium sulphate, gold and silver/tin alloy was mixed with water, and the physical and chemical properties of the hydrated cements were evaluated. MTA and intermediate restorative material (IRM) were used as controls. The radiopacity was compared to the equivalent thickness of aluminium, and the setting time of the cements was assessed using an indentation technique. The compressive strength and the stress–strain relationship were determined at 28 days. The stress–strain relationship was determined by monitoring the strain generated when the cement was subjected to compressive load. In addition, the pH was determined in water and simulated body fluid for a period of 28 days.Results  The radiopacity of the cements using alternative radiopacifiers was comparable to MTA (P > 0.05). IRM demonstrated a higher radiopacity than all the materials tested (P < 0.05). All the cements with the exception of IRM exhibited an alkaline pH and had an extended setting time when compared to IRM. MTA had a longer setting time than the PC (P < 0.001), and its setting time was similar to the gold‐loaded cement (P = 0.159). The addition of a radiopacifier retarded the setting time (P < 0.001) but did not have any effect on the compressive strength as all loaded cements had comparable strength to PC (P > 0.05). IRM was the weakest cement tested (P < 0.001). The cement loaded with gold radiopacifier had comparable strength to MTA (P = 1). The stress–strain relationship was linear for all the cements with IRM generating more strain on loading.Conclusions  Within the parameters set in this study, bismuth oxide in MTA can be replaced by gold or silver/tin alloy. The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the cement replaced with alternative radiopacifiers were similar and comparable to ProRoot MTA.
Comparative cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Chang M. C. , Lin L. D. , Chen Y. J. , Tsai Y. L. , Cheng Y. A. , Kuo C. S. , Chang H. H. , Tai T. F. , Lin H. J. , Jeng J. H. 
Published: February 2010

Chang MC, Lin LD, Chen YJ, Tsai YL, Cheng YA, Kuo CS, Chang HH, Tai TF, Lin HJ, Jeng JH. Comparative cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 251–257, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the cytotoxicity of current root canal sealers to periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.Methodology  Five root canal sealers (Canals, Canals‐N, Topseal, Sealapex, Tubliseal) were prepared and placed into transwells. After initial setting for 1 h, the transwells with sealers were placed into cultured PDL fibroblasts. They were cultured for further 3 or 18 h. Morphological changes were observed. Cell viability was estimated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐ diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results  Marked retraction and death of PDL fibroblasts were observed after exposure to Canals or Topseal for 3 h. A 3‐h exposure of PDL fibroblasts to Tubliseal stimulated MTT reduction. Canals‐N showed little cytotoxicity even after an exposure of 18 h.Conclusion  Canals was the most toxic sealer, followed by Topseal. Sealapex and Tubliseal had comparable and moderate cytotoxicity to PDL fibroblasts, whereas Canals‐N showed little cytotoxicity. Exposure to Tubliseal may modulate MTT reduction in PDL fibroblasts. Canals‐N had good biocompatibility.
Forest aboveground biomass along an elevational transect in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the role of Fagaceae in tropical montane rain forests
Authors: Culmsee Heike , Leuschner Christoph , Moser Gerald , Pitopang Ramadhanil 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim  This study investigates how estimated tree aboveground biomass (AGB) of tropical montane rain forests varies with elevation, and how this variation is related to elevational change in floristic composition, phylogenetic community structure and the biogeography of the dominant tree taxa.Location  Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia.Methods  Floristic inventories and stand structural analyses were conducted on 13 plots (each 0.24 ha) in four old‐growth forest stands at 1050, 1400, 1800 and 2400 m a.s.l. (submontane to upper montane elevations). Tree AGB estimates were based on d.b.h., height and wood specific gravity. Phylogenetic diversity and biogeographical patterns were analysed based on tree family composition weighted by AGB. Elevational trends in AGB were compared with other Southeast Asian and Neotropical transect studies (n = 7).Results  AGB was invariant from sub‐ to mid‐montane elevation (309–301 Mg ha−1) and increased slightly to 323 Mg ha−1 at upper montane elevation. While tree and canopy height decreased, wood specific gravity increased. Magnoliids accounted for most of the AGB at submontane elevations, while eurosids I (including Fagaceae) contributed substantially to AGB at all elevations. Phylogenetic diversity was highest at upper montane elevations, with co‐dominance of tree ferns, Podocarpaceae, Trimeniaceae and asterids/euasterids II, and was lowest at lower/mid‐montane elevations, where Fagaceae contributed > 50% of AGB. Biogeographical patterns showed a progression from dominant tropical families at submontane to tropical Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Lithocarpus) at lower/mid‐montane, and to conifers and Australasian endemics at upper montane elevations. Cross‐continental comparisons revealed an elevational AGB decrease in transects with low/no presence of Fagaceae, but relatively high AGB in montane forests with moderate to high abundance of this family.Main conclusions  AGB is determined by both changes in forest structure and shifts in species composition. In our study, these two factors traded off so that there was no net change in AGB, even though there were large changes in forest structure and composition along the elevational gradient. Southeast Asian montane rain forests dominated by Fagaceae constitute important carbon stocks. The importance of biogeography and species traits for biomass estimation should be considered by initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and in taxon choice in reforestation for carbon offsetting.
Participation in intellectual disability research: a review of 20 years of studies
Authors: Cleaver S. , Ouellette‐Kuntz H. , Sakar A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  Researchers have noted difficulties in attracting adequate numbers of participants with intellectual disabilities (ID) to their studies.Methods  This study was a review of participation by adults with ID in research conducted in South Eastern Ontario over a 20‐year period (1987–2006). Original research studies were identified by local investigators and then reviewed for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The report of each study was then reviewed by three reviewers and key information was extracted. The extent of study participation was calculated using three methods and compared along with key design characteristics.Results  Nine studies met all inclusion/exclusion criteria and provided sufficient data to calculate participation. Among the studies there was a variety of purposes, research designs and recruitment strategies. Using the participant/approached calculation, participation varied between 41.8% and 100%. Higher participation was observed in studies where investigators had direct access to participants, the data collection was non‐invasive and consent was required from substitute decision‐makers only. There was no clear trend of increasing or decreasing participation over time.Conclusions  Researchers seeking the participation of adults with ID in their studies must incorporate factors influencing participation into study designs to ensure robust results and effective use of research resources.