bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noradrenaline enhances Na‐K ATPase subunit expression by HuR‐induced mRNA stabilization and their transportation to the cell surface through PLC and PKC mediated pathway: Implications with REMS‐loss associated disorders
Authors: Kaur Manjeet , Mehta Rachna , Muthuswami Rohini , Mallick Birendra Nath 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep (REMS) maintains brain excitability at least by regulating Na‐K ATPase activity. Although REMS deprivation (REMSD)‐associated elevated noradrenaline (NA) increases Na‐K ATPase protein expression, its mRNA transcription did not increase. We hypothesized and confirmed both in vivo as well as in vitro that elevated mRNA stability explains the apparent puzzle. The mRNA stability was measured in control and REMSD rat brain with or without in vivo treatment with α1‐adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist, prazosin (PRZ). Upon REMSD, Na‐K ATPase α1‐, and α2‐mRNA stability increased significantly, which was prevented by PRZ. To decipher the molecular mechanism of action, we estimated NA‐induced Na‐K ATPase mRNA stability in Neuro‐2a cells under controlled conditions and by transcription blockage using Actinomycin D (Act‐D). NA increased Na‐K ATPase mRNA stability, which was prevented by PRZ and propranolol (PRP, β‐AR antagonist). The knockdown assay confirmed that the increased mRNA stabilization was induced by elevated cytoplasmic abundance of Human antigen R (HuR) and involving (Phospholipase C) PLC‐mediated activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC). Additionally, using cell‐impermeable Enz‐link sulfo NHS‐SS‐Biotin, we observed that NA increased Na‐K ATPase α1‐subunits on the Neuro‐2a cell surface. We conclude that REMSD‐associated elevated NA, acting on α1‐ and β‐AR, increases nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HuR and increases Na‐K ATPase mRNA stability, resulting in increased Na‐K ATPase protein expression. The latter then gets translocated to the neuronal membrane surface involving both PKC and (Protein Kinase A) PKA‐mediated pathways. These findings may be exploited for the amelioration of REMSD‐associated chronic disorders and symptoms.image
Quantitative brain stem assessment in discriminating neurodegenerative disorders from normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Georgiopoulos Charalampos , Papadimitriou Stergios , Nyholm Dag , Kilander Lena , Löwenmark Malin , Fällmar David , Virhammar Johan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeDifferentiating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from neurodegenerative disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Multiple System Atrophy—parkinsonian type (MSA‐P), and vascular dementia (VaD) is challenging due to overlapping clinical and neuroimaging findings. This study assesses if quantitative brain stem and cerebellum metrics can aid in this differentiation.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the sagittal midbrain area, midbrain to pons ratio, MR parkinsonism index (MRPI), and cerebellar atrophy in 30 PSP patients, 31 iNPH patients, 27 MSA‐P patients, 32 VaD patients, and 25 healthy controls. Statistical analyses determined group differences, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThere was an overlap in midbrain morphology between PSP and iNPH, as assessed with MRPI, midbrain to pons ratio, and midbrain area. A cutoff value of MRPI > 13 exhibited 84% specificity in distinguishing PSP from iNPH and 100% in discriminating PSP from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain to pons ratio at <0.15 yielded 95% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain area at <87 mm2 exhibited 97% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. All measures showed low sensitivity. Cerebellar atrophy did not differ significantly among groups.ConclusionOur study questions MRPI's diagnostic performance in distinguishing PSP from iNPH. Simpler indices such as midbrain to pons ratio and midbrain area showed similar or better accuracy. However, all these indices displayed low sensitivity despite significant differences among PSP, MSA‐P, and VaD.
Would you trust an AI team member? Team trust in human–AI teams
Authors: Georganta Eleni , Ulfert Anna‐Sophie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven that AI is becoming an increasingly active participant in work teams, this study explores how team trust emerges in human–AI teams compared to human–human teams. Adopting a multi‐level approach, we conducted two experimental studies (NStudy1 = 247 two‐member teams and NStudy2 = 106 three‐member teams, 828 individuals overall) and investigated how team composition (with AI or human team members) impacts interpersonal trust (affective and cognitive) and thus team trust. In two‐member teams, interpersonal trust via perceived trustworthiness and not via perceived similarity was lower in human–AI teams compared to human–human teams. Exploratory findings showed that team identification and cognitive interpersonal trust were also lower in two‐member human–AI teams than in human–human teams. However, in three‐member teams, we found no differences in team trust via interpersonal trust between the two team types. Instead, our findings revealed that perceived trustworthiness and perceived similarity increased interpersonal trust and, in turn, team trust for both team types. With this research, we showed that underlying theories and evidence of team trust in human‐only teams can enhance understanding of human–AI teams, though the results indicated certain differences that call for further investigation.
Sitcom as refuge, sitcom as prison: Nostalgia, anti‐nostalgia, and the embedded multi‐camera sitcom inWandaVisionandKevin Can F**k Himself
Authors: Winckler Reto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article claims that the recent trend in television and web streaming drama series to feature segments shot in the style of a multi‐camera sitcom, a phenomenon which is termed “embedded sitcom,” reflects the current popularity of nostalgia in popular culture. Situating the sitcom in the context of television history and theories of nostalgia, the article argues that embedded sitcom reveals the nostalgic quality of the sitcom genre as well as of the medium of television, and negotiates a larger cultural conflict between the lucrative potency of nostalgia for past media formats and a wariness of nostalgia as politically regressive.
Perivascular space diffusivity and brain microstructural measures are associated with circadian time and sleep quality
Authors: Brendstrup‐Brix Kristoffer , Ulv Larsen Sara Marie , Lee Hong‐Hsi , Knudsen Gitte Moos 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe glymphatic system is centred around brain cerebrospinal fluid flow and is enhanced during sleep, and the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep acts on brain microstructure by selective synaptic downscaling. While so far primarily studied in animals, we here examine in humans if brain diffusivity and microstructure is related to time of day, sleep quality and cognitive performance. We use diffusion weighted images from 916 young healthy individuals, aged between 22 and 37 years, collected as part of the Human Connectome Project to assess diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index, white matter fractional anisotropy, intra‐neurite volume fraction and extra‐neurite mean diffusivity. Next, we examine if these measures are associated with circadian time of acquisition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (high scores correspond to low sleep quality) and age‐adjusted cognitive function total composite score. Consistent with expectations, we find that diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index and orbitofrontal grey matter extra‐neurite mean diffusivity are negatively and white matter fractional anisotropy positively correlated with circadian time. Further, we find that grey matter intra‐neurite volume fraction correlates positively with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and that this correlation is driven by sleep duration. Finally, we find positive correlations between grey matter intra‐neurite volume fraction and cognitive function total composite score, as well as negative interaction effects between cognitive function total composite score and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index on grey matter intra‐neurite volume fraction. Our findings propose that perivascular flow is under circadian control and that sleep downregulates the intra‐neurite volume in healthy adults with positive impact on cognitive function.
Unravelling epistemic injustice in medical education: The case of the underperforming learner
Authors: Luong Victoria , Ajjawi Rola , Burm Sarah , Olson Rebecca , MacLeod Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContextEpistemic injustice refers to a wrong done to someone in their capacity as a knower. While philosophers have detailed the pervasiveness of this issue within healthcare, it is only beginning to be discussed by medical educators. The purpose of this article is to expand the field's understanding of this concept and to demonstrate how it can be used to reframe complex problems in medical education.MethodsAfter outlining the basic features of epistemic injustice, we clarify its intended (and unintended) meaning and detail what is required for a perceived harm to be named an epistemic injustice. Using an example from our own work on introversion in undergraduate medical education, we illustrate what epistemic injustice might look like from the perspectives of both educators and students and show how the concept can reorient our perspective on academic underperformance.ResultsEpistemic injustice results from two things: (1) social power dynamics that give some individuals control over others, and (2) identity prejudice that is associated with discriminatory stereotypes. This can lead to one, or both, forms of epistemic injustice: testimonial and hermeneutical. Our worked example demonstrates how medical educators can be unaware of when and how epistemic injustice is happening, yet the effects on students' well‐being and sense of selves can be profound. Thinking about academic underperformance with epistemic injustice in mind can reveal an emphasis within current educational practices on diagnosing learning deficiencies, to the detriment of holistically representing its socially constructed and structural nature.ConclusionsThis article builds upon recent calls to recognise epistemic injustice in medical education by clarifying its terminology and intended use and providing in‐depth application and analysis to a particular case: underperformance and the introverted medical student. Equipped with a more sophisticated understanding of the term, medical educators may be able to re‐conceptualise long‐standing issues including, but also beyond, underperformance.
Effects of open‐label sesame oil applied to cardiac surgery patients in preventing amiodarone‐induced phlebitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gülşen Muaz , Arslan Sevban 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmiodarone is a prophylactic rhythm‐regulating drug used to prevent arrhythmia; However, especially during infusion, it has the potential to cause a number of complications, especially phlebitis.AimThe aim of the study is to determine the effects of sesame oil, which has the potential to prevent phlebitis that may occur during amiodarone infusion administered to patients after cardiac surgery.DesignThis prospective, two‐arm (1:1), block randomized controlled interventional study.MethodsThis study was conducted with 44 patients treated in the coronary intensive care unit of a university hospital, who received parenteral infusion of amiodarone. Sesame oil was applied superficially by applying 10 drops to a 10 cm perimeter of the cannula for 10 min. This application was repeated every 8 h during the 24‐h amiodarone infusion. No intervention was made to the patients in the control group. However, standard nursing care measures and a standard transparent dressing were applied to the patients in both groups during the peripheral catheter application phase. Patients in the intervention and control groups were evaluated in terms of phlebitis at the end of every 24 h using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. The study was reported according to the CONSORT declaration.ResultsPhlebitis symptoms occurred in 15/22 (68.2%) of the patients in the intervention group on the first day, 3/22 (13.6%) on the second day and 2/22 (9.1%) of the patients on the third day, while in the control group, 20/22 (90.9%) of the patients had phlebitis on the first day and 2/22 (9.1%) on the second day. The incidence of phlebitis was 20/22 (90.9%) in the intervention group and 22/22 (100%) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in phlebitis symptoms between groups.ConclusionThe research results showed that the application of sesame oil did not significantly reduce the frequency of phlebitis. However, a trend indicating delayed onset of phlebitis symptoms was observed in the sesame oil group. Nevertheless, larger sample studies are needed. These studies are expected to assist in determining the effects of sesame oil on phlebitis more precisely and provide stronger support for the results.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTraining of nurses on non‐pharmacological methods should be supported and opportunities should be given for their application.
Four‐dimensional impedance manometry volume metrics for predicting abnormal bolus retention
Authors: Pitisuttithum Panyavee , Goudie Eric , Araujo Isis K. , Halder Sourav , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E. , Kou Wenjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective measurement for esophageal bolus volume and bolus clearance could classify abnormal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) beyond the current Chicago classification. We aimed to compare the novel four‐dimensional impedance manometry (4D HRM) volume metrics with timed barium esophagram (TBE).MethodsAdults with esophageal symptoms undergoing HRM and TBE were included. A custom‐built program for 4D HRM analysis measured esophageal luminal cross‐sectional area (CSA) from impedance and subsequently derived esophageal bolus volume and clearance. 4D HRM volume metrics included pre‐swallow residual volume, maximal volume, retention volume, and clearance ratio defined as 1.0—retention volume divided by the maximal volume. An abnormal TBE was defined as a column height >5 cm at 1 min or 5 min.Key ResultsA total of 95 patients (normal motility: 33%; ineffective esophageal motility: 12%; absent contractility: 10%; esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: 30%; type I achalasia: 5%; type II achalasia: 12%) were categorized into normal TBE (58%), abnormal TBE at 1 min (17%), and abnormal TBE at 5 min (25%). The AUROC demonstrated that, among all 4D HRM volume metrics, the clearance ratio had the best performance in predicting abnormal TBE at 5 min (AUROC, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.82–0.96), and exhibited a strong negative correlation with TBE at 5 min (r = −0.65; p < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesNovel 4D HRM volume metrics provide objective measurement of esophageal bolus volume and bolus clearance. The clearance ratio has a strong correlation with TBE and could potentially serve as a substitute for TBE to measure esophageal retention.
The epistemology of interpersonal relations
Authors: Benton Matthew A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat is it to know someone? Epistemologists rarely take up this question, though recent developments make such inquiry possible and desirable. This paper advances an account of how such interpersonal knowledge goes beyond mere propositional and qualitative knowledge about someone, giving a central place to second‐personal treatment. It examines what such knowledge requires, and what makes it distinctive within epistemology as well as socially. It assesses its theoretic value for several issues in moral psychology, epistemic injustice, and philosophy of mind. And it offers an account of the complex content in play if interpersonal knowledge is to be understood in terms of its mental states and their functions.
Measurement of in vivo lens shapes using IOLMaster 700 B‐scan images: Comparison with phakometry
Authors: Pradhan Asik , Hughes Rohan P. J. , Pieterse Emily , Atchison David A. , Carkeet Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study compared in vivo crystalline lens shape measurements using B‐scan images from the IOLMaster 700 with phakometry.MethodsTwenty‐four young adult participants underwent IOLMaster 700 and phakometry measurements under cycloplegia (1% cyclopentolate). The IOLMaster 700 generated B‐scan images along six meridians in 30° increments, which were analysed using custom MATLAB software to determine lens surface radii of curvature. Phakometry measurements were obtained using Purkinje images reflected from the lens surfaces.ResultsThe IOLMaster 700 image analysis method yielded a lower mean anterior lens surface spherical equivalent power (+6.20 D) than phakometry (+7.55 D); however, the two measurements were strongly correlated (R(21) = 0.97, p < 0.0001). The astigmatic power vectors (J0 and J45) for the anterior lens surface were significantly higher for the IOLMaster 700 measurements, with only J0 showing a significant moderate positive correlation (R(21) = 0.57, p = 0.005). For the posterior lens surface, the IOLMaster 700 measurements had a higher mean spherical power (+14.28 D) compared to phakometry (+13.70 D); however, a strong positive correlation (R(21) = 0.90, p < 0.0001) was observed. No significant correlations were noted for posterior lens surface astigmatic vectors (J0 and J45). The IOLMaster 700 estimates for the equivalent lens mean spherical power were slightly lower than those for phakometry, with a mean difference of −0.72 D, and both methods were positively correlated (R(21) = 0.94, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that IOLMaster 700 B‐scan image analysis technique provides similar estimates of lens surface powers to phakometry. These results highlight the potential of the IOLMaster 700 to provide measurements of lens shape, informing future research and clinical use.
Spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block after a single dose of a muscle relaxant in pediatric patients: A systematic review using a network meta‐analytic and meta‐regression approach
Authors: Vanlinthout Luc E. , Driessen Jacques J. , Stolker Robert Jan , Lesaffre Emmanuel M. , Berghmans Johan M. , Staals Lonneke M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and the short duration of many surgical procedures put pediatric patients at risk of postoperative residual curarization (PORC). To date, the duration of neuromuscular blocking agent effect in children has not been analyzed in a quantitative review. The current meta‐analysis aimed to compare spontaneous recovery following administration of various types and doses of neuromuscular blocking agents and to quantify the effect of prognostic variables associated with the recovery time in pediatric patients.MethodWe searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared the time to 25% T1 (t25), from 25% to 75% T1 (RI25–75), and to ≥90% train‐of‐four (tTOF90) neuromuscular recovery between common neuromuscular blocking agent treatments administered as a single bolus to healthy pediatric participants. We compared spontaneous t25, RI25‐75, and tTOF90 between (1) neuromuscular blocking agent treatments and (2) age groups receiving a given neuromuscular blocking agent intervention and anesthesia technique. Bayesian random‐effects network and pairwise meta‐analyses along with meta‐regression were used to evaluate the results.ResultsWe used data from 71 randomized controlled trials/controlled clinical trials including 4319 participants. Network meta‐analysis allowed for the juxtaposition and ranking of spontaneous t25, RI25‐75, and tTOF90 following common neuromuscular blocking agent interventions. For all neuromuscular blocking agents a log‐linear relationship between dose and duration of action was found. With the neuromuscular blocking agent treatments studied, the average tTOF90 (mean[CrI95]) in children (>2–11 y) was 41.96 [14.35, 69.50] and 17.06 [5.99, 28.30] min shorter than in neonates (<28 d) and infants (28 d–12 M), respectively. We found a negative log‐linear correlation between age and duration of neuromuscular blocking agent effect. The difference in the tTOF90 (mean[CrI95]) between children and other age groups increased by 21.66 [8.82, 34.53] min with the use of aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agents and by 24.73 [7.92, 41.43] min with the addition of sevoflurane/isoflurane for anesthesia maintenance.ConclusionsThe times to neuromuscular recovery are highly variable. These can decrease significantly with age and are prolonged when volatile anesthetics are administered. This variability, combined with the short duration of many pediatric surgical procedures, makes quantitative neuromuscular monitoring mandatory even after a single dose of neuromuscular blocking agent.
Are “clean” products safe for children? An analysis of contact allergens in “clean” children's products from a popular retailer
Authors: Brumley Caroline , Banks Tyra , Arora Puneet , Ophaug Solveig 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsidering consumer trends toward the use of “clean” personal care products and increasing recognition of childhood allergic contact dermatitis, we sought to characterize the allergen profile of such children's products.MethodsIngredients of baby washes/shampoos, bubble baths, and moisturizers identified using the “Clean Baby” filter on Target®'s online marketplace were analyzed for relevant pediatric contact allergens.ResultsProduct compositions declared fragrance in 82% of products, Compositae in 46%, cocamidopropyl betaine in 45%, glucosides in 37%, propylene glycol in 12%, lanolin in 1%, and no allergens in 9%—methylisothiazolinone and formaldehyde were not found.ConclusionChildren are greatly impacted by atopic dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction, which underscores a need for greater public awareness of sensitizing and irritating ingredients, particularly regarding pediatric personal care products.
The interaction between Onthophagus binodis and cattle dung pH: Impacts on reproduction and offspring phenology
Authors: Heddle Thomas , Hemmings Zac , Burns Adrienne , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe environment surrounding invertebrates can influence the physiology of larval offspring. Dung beetles provide several significant ecological functions, including dung breakdown, fly control and nutrient cycling. Cattle diet influences the chemical and physical constituents of dung, of which pH is considered critical. Few studies have assessed this, though a pH of 6.3 is the lowest threshold for dung beetle reproduction. We investigated the effects of an introduced and widespread dung beetle (Onthophagus binodis) on cattle dung pH (7.3, 6.0 and 5.0) and pH on O. binodis reproduction, offspring phenotypic traits and development time. Dung beetle presence increased the Δ pH (more alkaline) within dung pads after 96 h. Dung beetles produced broods in dung with a pH of 5.0, though in fewer numbers compared with the other pH treatments. Larval development was delayed in pH 5.0 with an average of 50 days compared with 44 days in dung with pH 6, 7, and the control (7.3). Smaller broods (ellipsoid volume [mm3]) were produced in dung with a pH of 5.0 compared with pH 6.0 and 7.0, and offspring emerging from broods produced from dung with a pH of 6.0 were larger compared with the other pH treatments. Our results show that dung pH is important for brood production and progeny phenotypic traits of O. binodis, an agricultural ecosystem engineer and that there is no experimental evidence to support the suggestion that dung pH influences the provisioning of broods in this species.