bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal behaviors and substance use disorder in psychiatric patients
Authors: Achilli Francesco , Leo Silvia , Benatti Beatrice , Frediani Alice , Cocchi Maddalena , Molteni Laura , Piccoli Eleonora , Lana Monica , Lucchini Emma , Gobbo Dario , Dell’Osso Bernardo M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePeople with mental illness are overrepresented throughout the criminal justice system. In Italy, the Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals are now on the edge of their closure in favor of small-scale therapeutic facilities (REMS). Therefore, when patients end their duty for criminal behaviors, their clinical management moves back to the outpatient psychiatric centers. Elevated risks of rule-violating behavior are not equally shared across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders. To broaden the research in this area, we analyzed sociodemographic, clinical, and forensic variables of a group of psychiatric patients with a history of criminal behaviors, attending an outpatient psychiatric service in Milan, focusing on substance use disorder (SUD).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional single center study, conducted from 2020. Seventy-six subjects with a history of criminal behaviors aged 18 years or older and attending an outpatient psychiatric service were included. Demographic and clinical variables collected during clinical interviews with patients were retrospectively retrieved from patients’ medical records. Appropriate statistical analyses for categorical and continuous variables were conducted.ResultsData were available for 76 patients, 51.3% of them had lifetime SUD. Lifetime SUD was significantly more common in patients with long-acting injectable antipsychotics therapy, a history of more than 3 psychiatric hospitalizations, and a history of previous crimes, particularly economic crimes. Additionally, this last potential correlation was confirmed by logistic regression.ConclusionsData emerging from this survey provide new information about offenders with lifetime SUD attending an Italian mental health service. Our preliminary results should be confirmed in larger sample sizes.
Storylines for Global Hydrologic Drought Within CMIP6
Authors: Bjarke N. , Livneh B. , Barsugli J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFuture global increases in the duration and severity of hydrologic drought present an emerging challenge for water resource management. However, projected changes to drought within global climate models are often complex, including potentially co‐occurring changes to the timing, duration, and severity of drought. Here, we apply a storyline approach for interpreting projections of future hydrologic drought to identify coherent narratives that include runoff trends, shifts in the seasonal drought timing, increases in multi‐year drought frequency, and increased drought severity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We develop a framework to classify future drought storylines (2015–2100) and quantify model consensus to determine the most‐likely “dominant” storyline under four emission scenarios Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 1–2.6, 2–4.5, 3–7.0, and 5–8.5. Under a low‐emission scenario (SSPs 1–2.6) approximately one third of the land‐area is projected to be impacted by a dominant storyline of minimally detectable runoff trend paired with increased frequency of multi‐year drought. However, under the highest‐emission scenarios (SSPs 5–8.5), the most likely storyline shifts to an increase in multi‐year drought frequency, increased severity of drought, and negative long‐term runoff trends for 62% of the area in those same regions. Shifts in the seasonal timing of drought are a component of dominant storylines for the northern latitudes across all emission scenarios. These results provide an alternative mode of interpretation of co‐occurring changes to the features of future drought, framed in a way to support regional adaptation strategies to mitigate future drought impacts.
Interplay of Hydroperiod on Root Shear Strength for Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Jafari N. H. , Harris B. D. , Morris J. T. , Cadigan J. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe evolution of coastal wetlands is a complex process which is difficult to forecast, made more complicated by the addition of changing climatic conditions. Here, long term ecological and geomorphological data are coupled to geotechnical measurements at a coastal wetland in North Inlet estuary, South Carolina. The coupled methodology is presented and discussed in context of understanding coastal wetland system evolution in a changing climate. Specifically, the root shear strength of Spartina alterniflora across a range of elevations was investigated using a cone penetrometer test. Elevation, shear strength, and biomass are shown to be critically interconnected. Root strength was shown to decrease with increased inundation time and decreased elevation (i.e., mudflats). Conversely, the data set illustrates the importance of maintaining key elevation ranges in relation to sea‐level to optimize wetland resilience.
The Intraplate Stress Field of West Africa
Authors: Legre Jean‐Joel , Qin Yan , Kolawole Folarin , Olugboji Tolulope 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWest Africa continues to host a growing number of low and intermediate‐magnitude earthquakes (M2‐5) along its passive margins, and its continental interior. Earthquake activity in these regions raises the need to comprehend the causes and the tectonic controls of the seismicity. Unfortunately, such studies are rare. Here, we apply single‐station inversion techniques to constrain fourteen focal mechanisms, computed after compiling a set of high‐quality waveforms. We describe the connection between seismicity, the contemporary stress field, anthropogenic activity and Holocene fault scarps in the region. Our results indicate transpressive stresses acting on the inherited brittle structures in the passive margins. We also observe a compressive regime in the intracontinental failed rifts. We attribute the seismicity to the reactivation of “weak” faults in the Neoproterozoic and Mesozoic failed rifts, the passive transform structures, and the intracratonic Precambrian brittle shear zones.
Multiple Convection Cells Induced by In‐Front and Off‐Front Interactions Between the Obliquely Northward IMF and the Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Tanaka T. , Ebihara Y. , Watanabe M. , Fujita S. , Kataoka R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrom the global simulation, we reproduce the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (S‐M‐I) interaction under the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with negative By. Reconnection structures, the plasma sheet, and lobes are formed in magnetospheric convection, while lobe/round‐merging/reciprocal/nightside cells appear in the ionosphere. Associated with the S‐M interaction, northern open field is generated at the evening open‐closed (O/C) boundary, due to successive cusp and interchange reconnections (in round‐merging cell) or by Dungey‐type reconnection (in nightside cell). Corresponding interchange and Dungey‐type reconnections occur at the southern null. Dungey‐type reconnection at the same time generates southern open field on the outer‐most magnetopause. Open field injected into the northern polar cap/void/lobe constructs the open field part of the round‐merging and nightside cells. After open‐field convection in the lobe, reclosures occur by again successive cusp and interchange reconnections on the dayside separator, or separator reconnection on the nightside separator. Former closed field line proceeds toward the evening O/C boundary through the dayside closed‐field convection in the round‐merging cell, while latter closed field line through the nightside closed‐field convection in the nightside cell. Shear that causes the large‐scale sun‐aligned arc is generated by the process of injecting open magnetic field into the void and the conjugate of process of connecting return flux from the plasma sheet to the nightside cell in counter hemisphere.
Trends and Climate‐Sensitivity of Phenology in China's Natural and Planted Forests
Authors: Xian Ziyi , Yu Zhen , Agathokleous Evgenios , Han Wangya , You Weibin , Zhou Guoyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractForest is the largest carbon sink on land, and the timing of forest phenology profoundly influences carbon uptake. However, disparities in the timing and sensitivity of forest phenology, particularly between planted forests (PF) and natural forests (NF), have yet to be determined. In this study, we analyzed the phenological trends and the climate‐sensitivities of China's NF and PF from 2000 to 2022 using field survey data and satellite data. We found that the start of the growing season (start of the season (SOS)) in NF and PF advanced significantly by 0.07 and 0.08 days yr−1, while the end of the growing season (end of the season (EOS)) in both NF and PF delayed by 0.06 days yr−1. Moreover, precipitation and air temperature jointly influenced the timing of phenological events. The pre‐season precipitation delayed the EOS by 0.009 days mm−1 and 0.006 days mm−1 in NF and PF. Moreover, the SOS was more sensitive to precipitation in PF than in NF in arid areas (i.e., pre‐season precipitation <100 mm). Air temperature significantly advanced the SOS by 0.74 and 0.95 days °C−1 in NF and PF and delayed the EOS by 0.89 and 0.71 days °C−1 in NF and PF. Additionally, the sensitivities of SOS and EOS to air temperature significantly differed between NF and PF. Our findings demonstrate a significant phenological discrepancy between PF and NF. The results suggest that NF and PF responded differently to climate variability, implying forest origin should be considered in the projection of carbon sequestration capability under changing climate.
The Impacts of Micro‐Porosity and Mineralogical Texture on Fractured Rock Alteration
Authors: Zhang Qian , Dong Yanhui , Molins Sergi , Deng Hang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGeochemically driven alterations of fractures in multi‐mineral media can create altered layers (ALs) at the fracture‐matrix interface. Spatial variations in the AL significantly influence mass transfer across the interface, and the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the fractured medium. A real‐rock based microfluidic experiment reported spatial variations in AL thickness despite the initially smooth fracture surface, suggesting potential effects of matrix heterogeneity on AL development. However, the respective contribution of structural and mineralogical characteristics is still poorly understood. Using the microfluidic experimental data and a micro‐continuum reactive transport model, we systematically evaluated how micro‐porosity and initial mineral texture impact AL development and thus the overall reactive transport behaviors. Our simulation results confirmed that the extent of AL spatial variations, mainly controlled by mineralogical texture, influences the evolution of reaction and permeability in different ways. Accounting for spatial heterogeneity in mineral distribution produces “channeling” structures in ALs and lower overall reaction (by up to 35.6%), but larger permeability increase (by up to 9.8%). The characteristic length of the reactive mineral cluster was observed to dominate the internal texture of ALs. Whereas the presence of micro‐porosity can enhance mineral accessibility via improving connectivity for flow and transport, and lead to both higher bulk reaction, that is, thicker ALs, and permeability enhancement. Considerations of surface roughness with characteristic length on the same order of magnitude as mineral texture did not change the overall development of AL, which further highlights the importance of accounting for rock matrix properties in predicting long‐term evolution of fractured media. The resulting spatial variations of ALs and their impacts on bulk properties, however, are expected to be further complicated by the coupling of chemical and mechanical processes, and may trigger matrix disaggregation, erosion and other mechanisms of fractured media alteration.
Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
Authors: Zhang Longhui , Zhang Hongbo , Sun Xueyan , Luo Lun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate snow phenology detection, including snow cover days (SCD), snow start date (SSD), and snow end date (SED), is increasingly important for understanding mountain hydrology such as snow heterogeneity and snowmelt seasonality. Multiple cloud‐free daily snow cover products have recently been developed in China, employing diverse retrieval algorithms and cloud‐gap‐filling methods, resulting in varying accuracy levels. However, comprehensive analysis of differences among products and their impact on snow phenology detection is lacking. This study systematically evaluates eight state‐of‐the‐art snow cover products in China, focusing on the challenging Tibetan Plateau (TP). We introduce a novel metric, the consistency‐weighted correlation coefficient (CWR), customized for SSD and SED detection, and propose product‐combining schemes like “ensemble voting” and “sensor preference” to enhance reliability. Our findings highlight the prime influence of retrieval algorithms under clear‐sky conditions on accuracy, surpassing the importance of cloud‐gap‐filling methods. Specifically, a product optimizing normalized difference snow index thresholds for diverse landcover types consistently outperforms others in detecting all three snow phenology parameters, with correlation coefficients for SCD of 0.82 and 0.69, and CWR values for SSD of 0.54 and 0.40, and for SED of 0.53 and 0.37 in both China and the TP, respectively. Moreover, our proposed scheme combining three high‐accuracy products significantly enhances snow cover identification and SCD detection, especially when the best‐performing product alone faces substantial uncertainty. These findings provide immediate, crucial implications for optimizing the use of multiple cloud‐free products to enhance snow phenology detection, ultimately advancing the applicability of derived snow parameters in mountain hydrology research.
Genetic association mapping leveraging Gaussian processes
Authors: Kumasaka Natsuhiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGaussian processes (GPs) are a powerful and useful approach for modelling nonlinear phenomena in various scientific fields, including genomics and genetics. This review focuses on the application of GPs in genetic association mapping. The aim is to identify genetic variants that alter gene regulation along continuous cellular states at the molecular level, as well as disease susceptibility over time and space at the population level. The challenges and opportunities in this field are also addressed.
Functional changes in sleep-related arousal after ketamine administration in individuals with treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Ballard Elizabeth D. , Greenstein Deanna , Reiss Philip T. , Crainiceanu Ciprian M. , Cui Erjia , Duncan Wallace C. , Hejazi Nadia S. , Zarate Carlos A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe glutamatergic modulator ketamine is associated with changes in sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI). This study sought to evaluate differences in arousal-related sleep metrics between 36 individuals with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) and 25 healthy volunteers (HVs). It also sought to determine whether ketamine normalizes arousal in individuals with TRD and whether ketamine’s effects on arousal mediate its antidepressant and anti-SI effects. This was a secondary analysis of a biomarker-focused, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Polysomnography (PSG) studies were conducted one day before and one day after ketamine/placebo infusions. Sleep arousal was measured using spectral power functions over time including alpha (quiet wakefulness), beta (alert wakefulness), and delta (deep sleep) power, as well as macroarchitecture variables, including wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), rapid eye movement (REM) latency, and Post-Sleep Onset Sleep Efficiency (PSOSE). At baseline, diagnostic differences in sleep macroarchitecture included lower TST (p = 0.006) and shorter REM latency (p = 0.04) in the TRD versus HV group. Ketamine’s temporal dynamic effects (relative to placebo) in TRD included increased delta power earlier in the night and increased alpha and delta power later in the night. However, there were no significant diagnostic differences in temporal patterns of alpha, beta, or delta power, no ketamine effects on sleep macroarchitecture arousal metrics, and no mediation effects of sleep variables on ketamine’s antidepressant or anti-SI effects. These results highlight the role of sleep-related variables as part of the systemic neurobiological changes initiated after ketamine administration. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT00088699.
Why does circadian timing of administration matter for immune checkpoint inhibitors’ efficacy?
Authors: Karaboué Abdoulaye , Innominato Pasquale F. , Wreglesworth Nicholas I. , Duchemann Boris , Adam René , Lévi Francis A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Tolerability and antitumour efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can vary largely according to their time of administration along the 24-h time scale, due to the moderation of their molecular and cellular mechanisms by circadian rhythms. Recent clinical data have highlighted a striking role of dosing time for cancer immunotherapy, thus calling for a critical evaluation.

Methods
Here, we review the clinical data and we analyse the mechanisms through which circadian rhythms can influence outcomes on ICI therapies. We examine how circadian rhythm disorders can affect tumour immune microenvironment, as a main mechanism linking the circadian clock to the 24-h cycles in ICIs antitumour efficacy.

Results
Real-life data from 18 retrospective studies have revealed that early time-of-day (ToD) infusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could enhance progression-free and/or overall survival up to fourfold compared to late ToD dosing. The studies involved a total of 3250 patients with metastatic melanoma, lung, kidney, bladder, oesophageal, stomach or liver cancer from 9 countries. Such large and consistent differences in ToD effects on outcomes could only result from a previously ignored robust chronobiological mechanism. The circadian timing system coordinates cellular, tissue and whole-body physiology along the 24-h timescale. Circadian rhythms are generated at the cellular level by a molecular clock system that involves 15 specific clock genes. The disruption of circadian rhythms can trigger or accelerate carcinogenesis, and contribute to cancer treatment failure, possibly through tumour immune evasion resulting from immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.

Conclusions and perspective
Such emerging understanding of circadian rhythms regulation of antitumour immunity now calls for randomised clinical trials of ICIs timing to establish recommendations for personalised chrono-immunotherapies with current and forthcoming drugs.
Joint ABS-UKCGG-CanGene-CanVar consensus regarding the use of CanRisk in clinical practice
Authors: Tsoulaki Olga , Tischkowitz Marc , Antoniou Antonis C. , Musgrave Hannah , Rea Gillian , Gandhi Ashu , Cox Karina , Irvine Tracey , Holcombe Sue , Eccles Diana , Turnbull Clare , Cutress Ramsey ,   Meeting Attendees, Andreou Avgi , Badran Abdul , Bartlett Marion , Berlin Cheryl , Binysh Kathie , Brennan Paul , Cleaver Ruth , Corbett Gemma , Davidson Rosemarie , DeSouza Bianca , Evers Rachel , Ficorella Lorenzo , Fitzgerald Suzannah , Forman Andrea , Gilbert Fiona , Gold Rochelle , Greville-Heygate Steph , Hamilton Sarah , Hammond Carrie , Hart Rachel , Hawkes Lara , Hayward Jude , Holliday Debbie , Howell Antony , Hutchison Gillian , Jenkins Jacqui , Jewell Rosalyn , Kavanaugh Grace , Kemp Zoe , Kiesel Victoria , Kumar Ajith , Lalloo Fiona , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Murray Jennie , Nisbet Sian , Ogunleye Della , Paramasivam Anbalakan , Searle Claire , Shaw Adam , Sheridan Eamon , Side Lucy , Smith Katherine , Speight Beverley , Teh William , Thorpe Eleanor , Whaite Anna , Wilkinson Louise , Wilkinson Siobhan , Woodward Emma R. , Youngs Alice , Archer Stephanie , Hanson Helen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The CanRisk tool, which operationalises the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) is used by Clinical Geneticists, Genetic Counsellors, Breast Oncologists, Surgeons and Family History Nurses for breast cancer risk assessments both nationally and internationally. There are currently no guidelines with respect to the day-to-day clinical application of CanRisk and differing inputs to the model can result in different recommendations for practice.

Methods
To address this gap, the UK Cancer Genetics Group in collaboration with the Association of Breast Surgery and the CanGene-CanVar programme held a workshop on 16th of May 2023, with the aim of establishing best practice guidelines.

Results
Using a pre-workshop survey followed by structured discussion and in-meeting polling, we achieved consensus for UK best practice in use of CanRisk in making recommendations for breast cancer surveillance, eligibility for genetic testing and the input of available information to undertake an individualised risk assessment.

Conclusions
Whilst consensus recommendations were achieved, the meeting highlighted some of the barriers limiting the use of CanRisk in clinical practice and identified areas that require further work and collaboration with relevant national bodies and policy makers to incorporate wider use of CanRisk into routine breast cancer risk assessments.
Structural basis for recognition of 26RFa by the pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor
Authors: Jin Sanshan , Guo Shimeng , Xu Youwei , Li Xin , Wu Canrong , He Xinheng , Pan Benxun , Xin Wenwen , Zhang Heng , Hu Wen , Yin Yuling , Zhang Tianwei , Wu Kai , Yuan Qingning , Xu H. Eric , Xie Xin , Jiang Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe neuropeptide 26RFa, a member of the RF-amide peptide family, activates the pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide receptor (QRFPR), a class A GPCR. The 26RFa/QRFPR system plays critical roles in energy homeostasis, making QRFPR an attractive drug target for treating obesity, diabetes, and eating disorders. However, the lack of structural information has hindered our understanding of the peptide recognition and regulatory mechanism of QRFPR, impeding drug design efforts. In this study, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the Gq-coupled QRFPR bound to 26RFa. The structure reveals a unique assembly mode of the extracellular region of the receptor and the N-terminus of the peptide, and elucidates the recognition mechanism of the C-terminal heptapeptide of 26RFa by the transmembrane binding pocket of QRFPR. The study also clarifies the similarities and distinctions in the binding pattern of the RF-amide moiety in five RF-amide peptides and the RY-amide segment in neuropeptide Y. These findings deepen our understanding of the RF-amide peptide recognition, aiding in the rational design of drugs targeting QRFPR and other RF-amide peptide receptors.