bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of primary care physicians rating their immigrant patients' pain intensity
Authors: André M. , Löfvander M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundFew studies focus on how physicians evaluate pain in foreign‐born patients with varying cultural backgrounds. This study aimed to compare pain ratings [visual analogue scale (VAS) 0–100] done by Swedish primary care physicians and their patients, and to analyse which factors predicted physicians' higher ratings of pain in patients aged 18–45 years with long‐standing disabling back pain.MethodsThe two physicians jointly carried out the somatic and psychiatric diagnostic evaluations and alternated as consulting doctor or observer. One‐third of the consultations were interpreted. Towards the end of the consultations, the patients rated their pain intensity ‘right now’ (patients' VAS). After the patient had left, the two physicians independently rated how much pain they thought the patient had, without looking at the patient's VAS score. The mean of the two doctors' VAS values (physicians' VAS) for each patient was used in the logistic regression calculations of odds ratios (OR) in main effect models for physicians' VAS above median (md) with patient's sex, education, origin, depression, psychosocial stress and pain sites as explanatory variables.ResultsPhysicians' VAS values were significantly lower (md 15) than patients' VAS (md 66; women md 73, men md 52). The ratings showed no significant association with whether the physician was acting as consultant or observer. The higher physician VAS was only predicted by findings of multiple pain sites.ConclusionsPhysicians appear to overlook psychological and emotional aspects when rating the pain of patients from other cultural backgrounds. This finding highlights a potential problem in multicultural care settings.
Biomechanical effects of simulated resorption cavities in cancellous bone across a wide range of bone volume fractions
Authors: Easley Sarah K , Chang Michael T , Shindich Dmitriy , Hernandez Christopher J , Keaveny Tony M 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Resorption cavities formed during bone remodeling may act as “stress risers” and impair cancellous bone strength, but biomechanical analyses of the effects of stress risers have been limited. To provide further insight, we assessed the theoretical biomechanical effects of virtually-added resorption cavities in cancellous bone specimens spanning a wide range of bone volume fraction (BV/TV = 0.05–0.36) and across different anatomic sites (hip and spine) and species (human and canine). Micro-CT scans of 40 cubes of cancellous bone were converted into nonlinear finite element models (voxel element size ∼ 20 µm) for strength assessment. In each model, uniform trench-like resorption cavities with nominal dimensions 500 µm (length) × 200 µm (width) × 40 µm (depth), were virtually added either at random locations throughout the specimen, or, preferentially at locations of high tissue-level strain. We found that cancellous bone strength (p &lt; 0.0001) and its relation with BV/TV (p &lt; 0.001) were both altered by the virtual addition of the resorption cavities. When the resorption cavities were added at random locations throughout the specimen, the reduction in strength did not depend on BV/TV or anatomic site or species. When the resorption cavities were instead added preferentially at locations of high tissue-level strain, the effect was accentuated and was greatest in low-BV/TV bone. We conclude that, in theory, uniform-sized resorption cavities can reduce cancellous bone strength over the full range of BV/TV and across species, and the effect is larger if the cavities occur at highly strained locations in low-BV/TV bone. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Alternation of extracellular matrix remodeling and apoptosis by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Tomokiyo Atsushi , Maeda Hidefumi , Fujii Shinsuke , Monnouchi Satoshi , Wada Naohisa , Hori Kiyomi , Koori Katsuaki , Yamamoto Naohide , Teramatsu Yoko , Akamine Akifumi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is well known that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in the toxicity of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Recent experiments have shown the induction of impaired tooth and hard‐tissue formation by AhR pathway activation, however, the effect on periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a member of PAH, on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling‐related molecules, collagen type I (COL‐I), matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression, and apoptosis in two different human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). The transduction of AhR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the increase of AhR‐responsive genes; that is, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), and aryl‐hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR), expression was induced by BaP exposure in both HPDLCs. BaP treatment significantly enhanced MMP‐1 mRNA expression and MMP‐1 protein production, while markedly suppressing COL‐I and a‐SMA mRNA expression in both HPDLCs. Furthermore, these BaP‐treated HPDLCs fell into apoptotic cell death as evidenced by induction in annexin V and caspase‐3/7 staining and reduction of total cell number and Bcl‐2 mRNA expression. Thus, BaP exposure altered the expression of ECM‐related molecules and induced apoptosis in HPDLCs through activation of the AhR pathway. Overactivity of the AhR pathway may induce an inappropriate turnover of PDL tissue via disordered ECM remodeling and apoptosis in PDL cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3093–3103, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced saccharification of corn straw pretreated by alkali combining crude ligninolytic enzymes
Authors: Li Jiang , Sun Fenghui , Li Xiangzhen , Yan Zhiying , Yuan Yuexiang , Liu XiaoFeng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work investigated the monokaryogenesis of dikaryon strains of Trametes hirsuta by protoplasts regeneration for extracellular ligninolytic enzyme production. Saccharification of corn straw was enhanced by alkali pretreatment combining crude ligninolytic enzymes.RESULTS: Effectiveness of alkali pretreatment of corn straw on delignification was evaluated under different concentrations. About 45% lignin loss was achieved at the concentration of 1.5% NaOH. In addition, 79.0% sugar yield was obtained after combined pretreatment with NaOH and crude ligninolytic enzyme produced from monokaryotic strains of Trametes hirsuta. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the porosity and surface area increased significantly after combined pretreatment. The FTIR spectra indicated that great intensity changes occurred at the 890–900 cm−1, 1509–1513 cm−1 and 1595 cm−1 bands.CONCLUSION: The proposed combined pretreatment removes lignin and enhances saccharification of corn straw effectively. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Intraabdominal extrapulmonary sequestration diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound at 22 weeks' gestation
Authors: Adaletli Ibrahim , Uludag Seyfettin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntraabdominal extrapulmonary sequestration is seen very rarely. When a left suprarenal mass is detected in prenatal sonography, vascularization of the lesion should be evaluated with color Doppler sonography. We present a case of intraabdominal extrapulmonary sequestration that was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound at 22 weeks' gestation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Single agent‐ and combination treatment with two targeted suicide gene therapy systems is effective in chemoresistant small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Michaelsen Signe R. , Christensen Camilla L. , Sehested Maxwell , Cramer Frederik , Poulsen Thomas T. , Patterson Adam V. , Poulsen Hans S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundTranscriptional targeted suicide gene (SG) therapy driven by the insulinoma‐associated 1 (INSM1) promoter makes it possible to target suicide toxin production and cytotoxicity exclusively to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells and tumors. It remains to be determined whether acquired chemoresistance, as observed in the majority of SCLC patients, desensitizes SCLC cells to INSM1 promoter‐driven SG therapy.MethodsA panel of SCLC cell lines resistant to clinically relevant chemotherapeutics was characterized regarding the expression of proteins involved in response to chemotherapy and regarding INSM1 promoter activity. Sensitivity towards INSM1 promoter‐driven SG therapy was tested using different systems: Yeast cytosine deaminase‐uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (YCD‐YUPRT) in combination with the prodrug 5‐fluorocytosine (5‐FC) or Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) together with the bromomustard prodrug SN27686.ResultsThe chemoresistant cell lines displayed heterogeneous expression profiles of molecules involved in multidrug resistance, apoptosis and survival pathways. Despite this, the INSM1 promoter activity was found to be unchanged or increased in SCLC chemoresistant cells and xenografts compared to chemosensitive variants. INSM1 promoter‐driven SG therapy with YCD‐YUPRT/5‐FC or NTR/SN27686, was found to induce high levels of cytotoxicity in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant SCLC cells. Moreover, the combination of INSM1 promoter‐driven YCD‐YUPRT/5‐FC therapy and chemotherapy, as well as the combination of INSM1 promoter‐driven YCD‐YUPRT/5‐FC and NTR/SN27686 therapy, was observed to be superior to single agent therapy in chemoresistant SCLC cells.ConclusionsCollectively, the present study demonstrates that targeted SG therapy is a potent therapeutic approach for chemoresistant SCLC patients, with the highest efficacy achieved when applied as combination SG therapy or in combination with standard chemotherapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repetition and Reconfiguration: Demand‐Based Confabulation in Initial Eyewitness Memory
Authors: Sharps Matthew J. , Herrera Megan , Dunn Laurel , Alcala Emanuel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRepeated recall, as a result of repeated questioning, is typical of situations involving eyewitness evidence. The present study addressed questions of eyewitness performance with reference to repeated questioning in an initial interview, in a format based on actual police procedures. This experiment focused on eyewitness accuracy, eyewitness confidence, and the addition of false details to eyewitness accounts. Ninety‐two adult respondents were asked to recall all the information they could from a single viewing of a scene depicting an assailant aiming a handgun at a victim. This initial question was followed by three additional questions, in which respondents were asked to report any additional details they could recall. On average, respondents provided several times as many correct as false details to the initial question. However, performance deteriorated significantly to the three subsequent questions; on average, across the three subsequent questions, witnesses recalled nearly as much false as accurate information. Witness confidence was positively related to amount of accurate information recalled. However, confidence was also positively related to the number of instances of erroneous recall. These results indicate that reconfigurative dynamics begin to operate, producing confabulated responses in response to questioning demands, as early as the initial interview. This work may also help to clarify the critical relationship between accuracy and confidence in eyewitness reportage, at least within the framework reflected by the present research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion‐weighted imaging of prostate cancer with Gleason scores
Authors: Nagarajan Rajakumar , Margolis Daniel , Raman Steven , Sarma Manoj K. , Sheng Ke , King Christopher R. , Verma Gaurav , Sayre James , Reiter Robert E. , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate functional changes in prostate cancer patients with three pathologically proven different Gleason scores (GS) (3+3, 3+4, and 4+3) using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).Materials and Methods:In this study MRSI and DWI data were acquired in 41 prostate cancer patients using a 1.5T MRI scanner with a body matrix combined with an endorectal coil. The metabolite ratios of (Cho+Cr)/Cit were calculated from the peak integrals of total choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and citrate (Cit) in MRSI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were derived from DWI for three groups of Gleason scores. The sensitivity and specificity of MRSI and DWI in patients were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results:The mean and standard deviation of (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios of GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 0.44 ± 0.02, 0.56 ± 0.06, and 0.88 ± 0.11, respectively. For the DWI, the mean and standard deviation of ADC values in GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 1.13 ± 0.11, 0.97 ± 0.10, and 0.83 ± 0.08 mm2/sec, respectively. Statistical significances were observed between the GS and metabolite ratio as well as ADC values and GS.Conclusion:Combined MRSI and DWI helps identify the presence and the proportion of aggressive cancer (ie, Gleason grade 4) that might not be apparent on biopsy sampling. This information can guide subsequent rebiopsy management, especially for active surveillance programs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:697–703. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An online nano‐LC‐ESI‐FTICR‐MS method for comprehensive characterization of endogenous fragments from amyloid β and amyloid precursor protein in human and cat cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Brinkmalm Gunnar , Portelius Erik , Öhrfelt Annika , Mattsson Niklas , Persson Rita , Gustavsson Mikael K. , Vite Charles H. , Gobom Johan , Månsson Jan‐Eric , Nilsson Jonas , Halim Adnan , Larson Göran , Rüetschi Ulla , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Ann 
Published: May 2012

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor protein to amyloid β (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endogenous Aβ peptides reflect the APP processing, and greater knowledge of different APP degradation pathways is important to understand the mechanism underlying AD pathology. When one analyzes longer Aβ peptides by low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), mainly long b‐fragments are observed, limiting the possibility to determine variations such as amino acid variants or post‐translational modifications (PTMs) within the N‐terminal half of the peptide. However, by using electron capture dissociation (ECD), we obtained a more comprehensive sequence coverage for several APP/Aβ peptide species, thus enabling a deeper characterization of possible variants and PTMs.Abnormal APP/Aβ processing has also been described in the lysosomal storage disease Niemann–Pick type C and the major large animal used for studying this disease is cat. By ECD MS/MS, a substitution of Asp7 → Glu in cat Aβ was identified. Further, sialylated core 1 like O‐glycans at Tyr10, recently discovered in human Aβ (a previously unknown glycosylation type), were identified also in cat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is therefore likely that this unusual type of glycosylation is common for (at least) species belonging to the magnorder Boreoeutheria. We here describe a detailed characterization of endogenous APP/Aβ peptide species in CSF by using an online top‐down MS‐based method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of positive cluster ions LinBr (n = 2–7) and ionization energies studied by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Veličković S. R. , Đustebek J. B. , Veljković F. M. , Veljković M. V. 
Published: May 2012

Clusters of the type LinX (X = halides) can be considered as potential building blocks of cluster‐assembly materials. In this work, LinBr (n = 2–7) clusters were obtained by a thermal ionization source of modified design and selected by a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Positive ions of the LinBr (n = 4–7) cluster were detected for the first time. The order of ion intensities was Li2Br+ > Li4Br+ > Li5Br+ > Li6Br+ > Li3Br+. The ionization energies (IEs) were measured and found to be 3.95 ± 0.20 eV for Li2Br, 3.92 ± 0.20 eV for Li3Br, 3.93 ± 0.20 eV for Li4Br, 4.08 ± 0.20 eV for Li5Br, 4.14 ± 0.20 eV for Li6Br and 4.19 ± 0.20 eV for Li7Br. All of these clusters have a much lower ionization potential than that of the lithium atom, so they belong to the superalkali class. The IEs of LinBr (n = 2–4) are slightly lower than those in the corresponding small Lin or LinH clusters, whereas the IEs of LinBr are very similar to those of Lin or LinH for n = 5 and 6.The thermal ionization source of modified design is an important means for simultaneously obtaining and measuring the IEs of LinBr (n = 2–7) clusters (because their ions are thermodynamically stable with respect to the loss of lithium atoms in the gas phase) and increasingly contributes toward the development of clusters for practical applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleistocene biogeochemical record in the south‐west Pacific Ocean (images site MD97‐2114, Chatham Rise)
Authors: Cobianchi M. , Luciani V. , Lupi C. , Mancin N. , Lirer F. , Pelosi N. , Trattenero I. , Bordiga M. , Hall I. R. , Sprovieri M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThrough a multidisciplinary approach based on novel micropaleontological and geochemical analyses, the main paleoceanographic and paleoclimate changes that have influenced the surface‐ and deep‐water circulation in the SW Pacific Ocean (Chatham Rise, eastern New Zealand) during the last million years are reconstructed. This region represents a key area for investigating the climate evolution during the Pleistocene because here the largely wind‐driven Antarctic Circumpolar Current interacts with the west Pacific Ocean circulation via the Deep Western Boundary Current, the major source of deep water for the whole Pacific Ocean. To understand coupling or decoupling events between sea surface and bottom waters, a continuous marine sedimentary succession since 1.1 Ma, recovered by the IMAGES (International Marine Past Global Change Study) cruise in the SW Pacific Ocean (Core MD97‐2114), has been investigated based on calcareous planktonic and benthic microfossil content and C and O isotope record performed on planktonic and benthic foraminiferal tests. Results show the occurrence of long‐ and short‐term patterns of climate and ocean circulation in the last million years as the result of the interplay of ice‐sheet dynamics, surface tropical versus polar water inflow, and trophic status of the surface water. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deglaciation and catchment ontogeny in coastal south‐west Greenland: implications for terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling
Authors: Leng Melanie J. , Wagner Bernd , Anderson N. John , Bennike Ole , Woodley Ewan , Kemp Simon J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHere we present Holocene organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, carbon isotope ratio and macrofossil data from a small freshwater lake near Sisimiut in south‐west Greenland. The lake was formed c. 11 cal ka BP following retreat of the ice sheet margin and is located above the marine limit in this area. The elemental and isotope data suggest a complex deglaciation history of interactions between the lake and its catchment, reflecting glacial retreat and post‐glacial hydrological flushing probably due to periodic melting of local remnant glacial ice and firn areas between 11 and 8.5 cal ka BP. After 8.5 cal ka BP, soil development and associated vegetation processes began to exert a greater control on terrestrial–aquatic carbon cycling. By 5.5 cal ka BP, in the early Neoglacial cooling, the sediment record indicates a change in catchment–lake interactions with consistent δ13C while C/N exhibits greater variability. The period after 5.5 cal ka BP is also characterized by higher organic C accumulation in the lake. These changes (total organic carbon, C/N, δ13C) are most likely the result of increasing contribution (and burial) of terrestrial organic matter as a result of enhanced soil instability, as indicated by an increase in Cenococcum remains, but also Sphagnum and Empetrum. The impact of glacial retreat and relatively subdued mid‐ to late Holocene climate variation at the coast is in marked contrast to the greater environmental variability seen in inland lakes closer to the present‐day ice sheet margin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A late Holocene climate record in stalagmites from Modrič Cave (Croatia)
Authors: Rudzka D. , Mcdermott F. , Surić M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFew terrestrial Holocene climate records exist from south‐eastern Europe despite its important geographical position as a transitional climatic zone between the Mediterranean and mainland continental Europe. Here we present new petrographic and stable isotope data for two Holocene speleothems from Modrič Cave, Croatia (44°15′N, 15°32′E), a coastal Adriatic site (120 m inland). Modern meteorological and cave conditions have been monitored for 2 years to understand the links between climate variability and stable isotope time‐series records in speleothems. Typical of a Mediterranean‐type climate, a negative water balance exists between April and September, so that recharge of the aquifer is restricted to the winter months. The weighted mean δ18O of the rainfall is −5.96‰ (2σ = 2.83), and the weighted mean D/H rainfall value is −36.83‰ (2σ = 19.95), slightly above the Global Meteoric Water Line, but well below the Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Modern calcite from the tops of each stalagmite exhibits δ18O values that are close to isotopic equilibrium with their respective drip water values. Unfortunately, the relatively young ages and low uranium contents (ca. 50 p.p.b.) of both stalagmites hamper the use of U‐series dating. Radiocarbon dates have been used instead to constrain their chronology using a dead carbon correction. Apart from some Isotope Stage 3 material (ca. 55 ka), both stalagmites were deposited during the late Holocene. Climatic conditions during the late Holocene are inferred to have been sufficiently wet to maintain stalagmite growth and any hiatuses appear to be relatively short lived. Inferred changes in the stalagmite diameters during deposition are linked to δ13C and δ18O variations, indicating alternating periods of drier and wetter conditions. Drier conditions are inferred for the late Roman Ages warm period and the mid‐Medieval Warm Period. Wetter conditions are associated with the Little Ice Age. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.