bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative statin is associated with decreased operative mortality in high risk coronary artery bypass patients
Authors: Magovern James A , Moraca Robert J , Bailey Stephen H , Dean David A , Simpson Kathleen A , Maher Thomas D , Benckart Daniel H , Magovern George J 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Statins are widely prescribed to patients with atherosclerosis. A retrospective database analysis was used to examine the role of preoperative statin use in hospital mortality, for patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG.)

Methods
The study population comprised 2377 patients who had isolated CABG at Allegheny General Hospital between 2000 and 2004. Mean age of the patients was 65 ± 11 years (range 27 to 92 years). 1594 (67%) were male, 5% had previous open heart procedures, and 4% had emergency surgery. 1004 patients (42%) were being treated with a statin at the time of admission. Univariate, bivariate (Chi2, Fisher's Exact and Student's t-tests) and multivariate (stepwise linear regression) analyses were used to evaluate the association of statin use with mortality following CABG.

Results
Annual prevalence of preoperative statin use was similar over the study period and averaged 40%. Preoperative clinical risk assessment demonstrated a 2% risk of mortality in both the statin and non-statin groups. Operative mortality was 2.4% for all patients, 1.7% for statin users and 2.8% for non-statin users (p < 0.07). Using multivariate analysis, lack of statin use was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in high-risk patients (n = 245, 12.9% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Between 2000 and 2004 less than 50% of patients at this institution were receiving statins before admission for isolated CABG. A retrospective analysis of this cohort provides evidence that preoperative statin use is associated with lower operative mortality in high-risk patients.
Correlation effect of EGFR and CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptors in predicting breast cancer metastasis and prognosis
Authors: Liu Yixin , Ji Ru , Li Jingyong , Gu Qiang , Zhao Xiulan , Sun Tao , Wang Jinjing , Li Jiangbo , Du Qiuyue , Sun Baocun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This study investigated the expression of CXCR4, CCR7, CXCL12, CCL21, and EGFR to illustrate the role of these biomarkers in breast cancer metastasis and prognosis.

Methods
The CXCR4, CCR7, CXCL12, CCL21, and EGFR biomarkers were analyzed along with ER, PR, and HER-2/neu in breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA) specimens, including 200 primary breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Corresponding lymph nodes from the same patients were also examined using the same method.

Results
Together with their CXCL12 and CCL21 ligands, CXCR4 and CCR7 were significantly highly expressed in tumor cells with lymph node (LN) metastasis. Similarly, EGFR was expressed highly in tumors with LN metastasis. The ligands were especially expressed in metastatic tumors than in primary tumors from the same patients. Moreover, the expression of both CXCR4 accompanied by CCR7 and CXCL12 accompanied by CCL21 were up-regulated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients exhibiting high CXCR4, CCR7, and EGFR expression experienced a shorter survival period compared with those with low expression.

Conclusions
The expression of CXCR4, CCR7, and EGFR may be associated with LN metastasis. Moreover, the expression of these receptors can serve as an indicator of undesirable prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
Arthroscopic removal of a plastic soft drink bottle cap in the knee: a case report
Authors: Boyle Simon , Talbot Joseph C , Bismil Quamar , Schilders Ernest 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report a rare case of late knee locking after an open knee injury in a polytrauma patient with a pelvic fracture and a contralateral femoral artery injury. Once the life and limb threatening injuries were addressed, debridement and washout of the knee wound was performed. X-rays and subsequent CT revealed only an undisplaced patella fracture. The patient presented 6 months later to a knee surgeon with recurrent locking. An arthroscopy was performed and a 10 mm plastic soft drink bottle cap was retrieved leading to the immediate resolution of symptoms without complications.
Open knee injuries require thorough debridement washout and joint assessment. Late locking should raise the suspicion of an intra-articular loose or foreign body. Arthroscopy is an excellent first line tool in the diagnosis and late management of this unusual problem.
Thermal—economic modelling and optimization of gas engine-driven heat pump systems
Authors: Sanaye S , Chahartaghi M 
Published: February 2010

Gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP) modelling and optimization are presented in this article. Heat pump cycle modelling included a compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, and gas engine to drive the compressor. To validate the modelling output results, they were compared with experimental results, and acceptable difference per cent points were obtained and reported. For the optimal design of GEHPs, the total annual cost (sum of operating and investment costs) was defined as the objective function in terms of technical and economic parameters of the system. The genetic algorithm optimization technique was used to obtain the design parameters at the minimum total cost of the system. Eight design parameters of the system (condenser and evaporator pressures in cooling and heating modes, inlet air mass flowrate to indoor and outdoor heat exchangers, and gas engine rotational speed in cooling and heating modes) were selected. The values of the design parameters for a case study were obtained and reported when the total annual cost of the system was minimum. Furthermore, at that system optimal design point, the investment and operating costs were found to be 64.23 per cent and 35.67 per cent of the total cost, the fuel consumptions of the gas engine were 0.956 and 0.658 kg/h, respectively, and the coefficients of performance (COPs) of the GEHP were 1.61 and 1.64 in the cooling and heating modes, respectively. The variation of optimum design parameters in various cooling and heating loads was studied. Finally, sensitivity analysis and the change in design parameters with the change in fuel price and investment cost were studied.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Pitavastatin Versus Atorvastatin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Sansanayudh Nakarin , Wongwiwatthananukit Supakit , Putwai Pawat , Dhumma-Upakorn Rawadee 
Published: February 2010

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction for comparable doses of pitsvastatin and atorvastatin. Objective: To compare the efficacy of pitavastatin 1 mg once daily with that of atorvastatin 10 mg once daily on lipoprotein change, safety, and cost per percent LDL-C reduction. Methods: An 8-week, randomized, open-label, parallel trial was conducted in patients with hypercholesterolemia. One hundred patients were equally randomized to receive pitavastatin 1 mg once daily or atorvastatin 10 mg once daily; 98 completed the study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Pitavastatin lowered LDL-C levels from baseline by 37% compared with 46% in the atorvastatin group (p < 0.001). The reduction of total cholesterol (TC) levels from baseline was significantly different between the pitavastatin (28%) and atorvastatin (32%) groups (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the percentage of changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between groups. The percentage of patients who achieved LDL-C goals according to National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines was not significantly different between the pitavastatin (74%) and atorvastatin (84%) groups (p = 0.220). In addition, both regimens were well tolerated, with no patient developing an elevation of more than 3 times the upper normal limit of alanine aminotransferase or 10 times that of creatine kinase. The monthly cost per percent LDL-C reduction in the pitavastatin group ($0.77) was about 50% lower than the cost in the atorvastatin ($1.56) group. Conclusions: Although pitavastatin 1 mg daily was not as effective at lowering LDL-C and TC levels as atorvastatin 10 mg daily, the number of patients achieving their LDL-C goals with pitavastatin was comparable with the number using atorvastatin. Pitavastatin 1 mg once daily may be an alternative regimen with cost-saving benefits but without a significant decrease in therapeutic benefit or increase in adverse events in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Polyclonal antibodies against kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4): immunohistochemical assessment of KLK4 expression in healthy tissues and prostate cancer
Authors: Seiz Lina , Kotzsch Matthias , Grebenchtchikov Nicolai I. , Geurts-Moespot Anneke J. , Fuessel Susanne , Goettig Peter , Gkazepis Apostolos , Wirth Manfred P. , Schmitt Manfred , Lossnitzer Arndt , Sweep Fred C.G.J. , Magdolen Viktor 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKLK4 is a member of the human kallikrein-related peptidase family of (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases. The aim of the present study was to generate polyclonal antibodies (pAb) directed against KLK4 for the analysis of KLK4 by immunohistochemistry in human tissues. Recombinantly expressed human mature KLK4 was used for immunization of chickens. pAb 617A is an affinity-purified monospecific pAb fraction reacting with a linear epitope within a flexible surface-exposed loop of KLK4. pAb 617C is the KLK-directed pAb fraction completely depleted from pAb 617A. In healthy adult tissues, KLK4 was immunodetected by both antibody fractions in kidney, liver, and prostate, but not in other organs such as colon and lung. To evaluate protein expression of KLK4 in prostate cancer, samples of tumor tissue plus corresponding tumor-free areas of 44 prostate cancer patients, represented on a tissue microarray, were investigated. Distinct KLK4 immunostaining was observed with both antibodies in cancerous glandular epithelial cells, but not in surrounding stromal cells. KLK4 expression was lower in stage pT3+4 than in pT1+2 tumors, which was highly significant when employing pAb 617A. Thus, our results indicate that KLK4, which is expressed in the healthy prostate, is upregulated in early-stage but not late-stage prostate cancer.
Kallikrein-related peptidases: bridges between immune functions and extracellular matrix degradation
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Pampalakis Georgios 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) constitute a family of 15 highly conserved serine proteases encoded by the largest uninterrupted cluster of protease-encoding genes within the human genome. Recent studies, mostly relying onin vitroproteolysis of recombinant proteins, have suggested that KLK activities are regulated by proteolytic activation cascades that can operate in a tissue-specific manner, such as the semen liquefaction and skin desquamation cascades. The validity of KLK activation cascadesin vivolargely remains to be demonstrated. Here, we focus on recent investigations showing that KLKs represent interesting players in the broader field of immunology based on their ability to bridge their inherent ability to degrade the extracellular matrix with major functions of the immune system. More specifically, KLKs assist in the infiltration of immune cells through the skin and the blood brain barrier, whereas they catalyze the generation of antimicrobial peptides by proteolytic activation and further processing of protein precursors. In an attempt to integrate current knowledge, we propose KLK-mediated pathways that are putatively involved in inflammation associated with skin wounding and central nervous system disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Finally, we present evidence of KLK participation in autoimmune diseases and allergies.
Increased blood pressure and water intake in transgenic mice expressing rat tonin in the brain
Authors: Cardoso Cibele C. , Alenina Natalia , Ferreira Anderson J. , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Lima Mércia P. , Gross Volkmar , Todiras Mihail , Pesquero João B. , Pesquero Jorge L. , Bader Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTonin is a serine proteinase of the kallikrein family that can produce angiotensin II directly from angiotensinogen. To clarify the importance of this enzyme for central nervous control of the cardiovascular system, we generated transgenic mice, TGM(rTon), that express rat tonin in astrocytes. These mice present high levels of tonin mRNA and activity specifically in the brain. As a consequence, TGM(rTon) develop increased blood pressure and water intake. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is less hypotensive for transgenic mice than for control animals. The AT1receptor antagonist candesartan equally lowers blood pressure in transgenic and in control mice. Plasma angiotensin II, but not angiotensin I, is increased in TGM(rTon) compared to the wild type, suggesting release of the peptide from the brain into the circulation. However, AT1receptors are desensitized in this transgenic model, as demonstrated by a blunted pressor response to intravenous application of angiotensin II. In conclusion, tonin in the brain may represent an alternative pathway for angiotensin II generation with effects on the cardiovascular system.
Expression of PSA-RP2, an alternatively spliced variant from the PSA gene, is increased in prostate cancer tissues but the protein is not secreted from prostate cancer cells
Authors: Whitbread Astrid K. , Veveris-Lowe Tara L. , Dong Ying , Tan Olivia L. , Gardiner Robert , Samaratunga Hema M. , Nicol David L. , Clements Judith A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
PSA-RP2 is a variant transcript expressed from the PSA gene that is conserved in gorillas, chimpanzees and humans suggesting a particular relevance for this transcript in these primates. We demonstrated by qRT-PCR that PSA-RP2 is upregulated in prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. The PSA-RP2 protein was not detected in seminal fluid and was cytoplasmically localised but not secreted from LNCaP or transfected PC3 prostate cells, despite secretion from transfected Cos-7 and HEK293 kidney cell lines. PSA-RP2-transfected PC3 cells showed slightly decreased proliferation and increased migration towards PC3-conditioned medium that could suggest a functional role in prostate cancer.
Trajektorienfolgeregelung für parabolische partielle Differenzialgleichungen mit variablen ParameternTracking Control for Parabolic PDEs with Varying Parameters
Authors: Jadachowski Lukas , Meurer Thomas , Kugi Andreas 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Entwurf von Trajektorienfolgeregelungen für Systeme, die durch lineare parabolische partielle Differenzialgleichungen mit orts- und zeitvariablen Parametern und Randeingriff beschrieben werden. Der Regelungsentwurf wird mittels der so genannten Backstepping-Methodik durchgeführt, mit Hilfe derer eine exponentiell stabilisierende Zustandsrückführung ermittelt wird, die garantiert, dass sich im nominellen Fall der geschlossene Regelkreis wie ein vorgegebenes Zielsystem verhält. Für den Entwurf des Führungsverhaltens wird eine Modifikation des Zielsystems derart vorgenommen, dass ein zusätzlicher Freiheitsgrad im Zielsystem zur Verfügung steht. Dieser wird im Rahmen eines flachheitsbasierten Entwurfs als Eingangsgröße für eine Steuerung herangezogen. Da die Implementierung des Reglers die Kenntnis des vollständigen Zustandsprofils erfordert, wird zusätzlich ein Zustandsbeobachter mittels der Backstepping-Methodik entworfen.
Flachheit und Steuerbarkeit einer Klasse von Netzwerken örtlich verteilter SystemeFlatness and Controllability of a Class of Networks of Distributed Parameter Systems
Authors: Woittennek Frank , Mounier Hugues 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Es werden lineare verteiltparametrische Modelle betrachtet, die sich durch die Zusammenschaltung einzelner Randwertaufgaben ergeben, in denen die partiellen Differentialgleichungen von zweiter Ordnung sind. Im Laplace-Bildbereich können diese Modelle durch lineare Gleichungssysteme beschrieben werden, deren Koeffizienten einem speziellen Ring überall holomorpher Funktionen entstammen. Mit einem von den Autoren entwickelten Divisionsalgorithmus kann gezeigt werden, dass sich in den betrachteten Ringen stets Bezout-Identitäten finden lassen. Diese Eigenschaft wird genutzt, um algebraische und trajektorienbasierte Steuerbarkeitsergebnisse abzuleiten.
Strömungsregelung mit flächiger Wandaktuation und Galerkin-MPC-SchemaFlow Control with Distributed Wall Actuation and Galerkin-MPC Scheme
Authors: Losse Nikolas , King Rudibert 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Eine Möglichkeit den Strömungswiderstand eines Körpers zu reduzieren ist, die laminar-turbulente Transition zu verzögern. Dazu werden in der Grenzschicht auftretende Tollmien-Schlichting-Wellen gedämpft. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Regelschema basierend auf einem Galerkin-Modell in Verbindung mit einer modellprädiktiven Regelung vorgeschlagen. Ein wesentlicher neuer Beitrag ist der Einbau einer lokalen Aktuationswirkung in ein globales Galerkin-Modell.
Ein Ansatz zum Vorsteuerungs-Entwurf für Transportprozesse mit örtlich verteiltem StelleingriffA Design Approach for Feedforward Control of Transport Processes with Spatially Distributed Input
Authors: Malchow Florian , Zeitz Michael , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Betrachtet werden verteiltparametrische Systeme mit dominantem Transportverhalten, welche durch lineare partielle Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung beschrieben werden. Es wird angenommen, dass der Stelleingriff örtlich verteilt wirkt und nur zeitlich variiert werden kann. Für diese Systemklasse wird eine Methode zum modellbasierten Entwurf einer Vorsteuerung vorgeschlagen, um die Steuertrajektorie mit Hilfe der Referenztrajektorie für den Ausgang und deren erster Zeitableitung zu bestimmen. Zusätzlich kann eine messbare Randstörung kompensiert werden. Die experimentelle Anwendung des Vorsteuerungs-Entwurfs wird für den Arbeitspunktwechsel eines gasbeheizten Speisers in der Glasindustrie gezeigt.
Fatty Hypertrophy Cause Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Fat Injection for Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo P. , Reid Julie A. , Greensmith Andrew 
Published: February 2010

Intervention Soft tissue augmentation of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the soft palate is reported to reduce velopharyngeal incompetence, and fat grafting in selected patients has shown effective and lasting results for restoring normal resonance. Potential complications of soft tissue augmentation for velopharyngeal incompetence include obstructive sleep apnea. Patient An 8-year-old boy with velopharyngeal incompetence and a small velopharyngeal gap underwent a fat injection procedure and subsequently developed obstructive sleep apnea concomitant with a significant weight gain. Videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy showed a remarkable enlargement of the grafted fat areas that required a soft palate debulking procedure, significantly improving obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusion This is an unusual case where alteration in volume of grafted fat at the recipient site is suspected of causing obstructive sleep apnea. It is also an example of long-term fat graft survival and fat graft overgrowth.
Visual Literacy and the Content Classroom: A Question of Now, Not When
Authors: Flynt E. Sutton , Brozo William 
Published: February 2010

Since students are continually influenced by the visual culture surrounding them, content teachers should take steps to capitalize on the potential of instructional and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance their effectiveness. The article discusses the importance of integrating visual literacy and identifies the teaching environment needed to integrate ICTs in the content classroom.بما أن الطلاب يتأثرون باستمرار في الثقافة المرئية بمحيطهم فإن معلمي المحتوى لا بد لهم من أن يأخذوا إجراءات لجعل الحد الأقصى من إمكانية التقنيات التواصلية والتعليمية لتحسين فعاليتها. لذا تناقش هذه المقالة أهمية إدماج معرفة الثقافة المرئية في غرفة صف المحتوى وتعيّن البيئة التعليمية اللازمة لإدماج التقنيات التواصلية والتعليمية فيها.学生不断受到周遭的视觉文化所影响，学科教师因此应采取步骤，利用教学及通信技术(ICT)的潜能，提高其教学效能。本文讨论学科教学与视觉读写文化教学相结合的重要性，并识别出在学科课堂中并入通信技术所需要的教学环境。Puisque les élèves sont continuellement influencés par la culture visuelle qui les environne, les professeurs qui enseignent une discipline devraient aller de l'avant afin de s'appuyer sur le potentiel des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans l'enseignement (TICE) pour accroître leur efficacité. Cet article discute l'importance d'intégrer la littératie visuelle et identifie l'environnement pédagogique qu'il faudrait pour intégrer les TICE dans l'enseignement des disciplines.Поскольку на школьников постоянно воздействует окружающая их визуальная культура, учителя‐предметники должны предпринять определенные шаги, чтобы использовать потенциал современных обучающих и коммуникационных технологий (ICT) для эффективного преподавания своих предметов. Автор указывает на необходимость интеграции визуальной грамотности в учебный процесс и описывает, в какой среде обучения ICT внедряется наиболее эффективно.Ya que los estudiantes están siendo constantemente influenciados por la cultura visual que los rodea, los maestros de contenido deben tomar medidas para tomar ventaja del potencial de los medios de instrucción y comunicación digitales (ICT por sus siglas en inglés) para mejorar su eficacia. El artículo discute la importancia de integrar las competencias visuales e identifica el medioambiente docente necesario para integrar los ICTs en las clases de contenido.