bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Think Positive: Phase Separation Enables a Positively Charged Additive to Induce Dramatic Changes in Calcium Carbonate Morphology
Authors: Cantaert Bram , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Ludwig Henning , Nudelman Fabio , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Meldrum Fiona C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSoluble macromolecules are essential to Nature's control over biomineral formation. Following early studies where macromolecules rich in aspartic and glutamic acid were extracted from nacre, research has focused on the use of negatively charged additives to control calcium carbonate precipitation. It is demonstrated that the positively charged additive poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) can also cause dramatic changes in calcite morphologies, yielding thin films and fibers of CaCO3 analogous to those produced with poly(aspartic acid) via a so‐called PILP (polymer‐induced liquid precursor) phase. The mechanism by which PAH induces these effects is investigated using a range of techniques including cryo transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and the data show that hydrated Ca2+/PAH/CO32− droplets initially form in solution, before coalescing and ultimately crystallizing to give calcite, together with small quantities of vaterite. It is suggested that it is the initial formation of hydrated Ca2+/PAH/CO32− droplets that is key to this process, rather than a specific polymer/mineral interaction. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to biomineralization processes and highlight the opportunity for using counter‐ion‐induced phase separation of polyelectrolytes as a method for generating minerals with non‐crystallographic morphologies.
Autonomously Controlled Homogenous Growth of Wafer‐Sized High‐Quality Graphene via a Smart Janus Substrate
Authors: Wan Dongyun , Lin Tianquan , Bi Hui , Huang Fuqiang , Xie Xiaoming , Chen I.‐Wei , Jiang Mianheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe work reports a new method for large‐area growth of graphene films, which have been predicted to have novel and broad applications in the future. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is currently the preferred method, it suffers from a rather narrow processing window, and there is also much to be desired in the electrical properties of the CVD films. A new method for large‐area growth of graphene films is reported to overcome the narrow processing window of the CVD method. A composite substrate made of a C‐dissolving top (Ni) layer and a C‐rejecting bottom (Cu) layer is designed, which evolves into a C‐rejecting mixture, to autonomously regulate the C content at an elevated yet stable level at and near the surface over an extended duration. This “smart” substrate promotes graphene formation over a wide temperature‐gas composition window, leading to reliable growth of wafer‐sized graphene films of defined layer‐thickness and superior electrical–optical properties. This “smart”‐substrate strategy can also be implemented on Si and SiO2 supports, paving the way toward the direct fabrication of large area, graphene‐enabled electronic and photonic devices.
Multiechelon supply chain planning with sequence‐dependent changeovers and price elasticity of demand under uncertainty
Authors: Liu Songsong , Shah Nilay , Papageorgiou Lazaros G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn optimization framework is proposed for a multiechelon multiproduct process supply chain planning under demand uncertainty considering inventory deviation and price fluctuation. In this problem, the sequence‐dependent changeovers occur at the production plants, and price elasticity of demand is considered at the markets. Based on the classic formulation of travelling salesman problem (TSP), a mixed‐integer liner programming (MILP) is developed, whose objective function considers the profit, inventory deviations from the desired trajectories and price changes simultaneously. Model predictive control (MPC) approach is adopted to tackle the uncertain issues, as well as the inventory and price maintenance. The applicability of the proposed model and approach was illustrated by solving a supply chain example. Some issues, including length of the control horizon, price elasticity of demand, weights, inventory trajectories, and changeovers, are discussed based on the computational results. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Tests of linkage and allelic association between markers in the 1p36 PRKCZ (Protein Kinase C Zeta) gene region and bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Kandaswamy Radhika , McQuillin Andrew , Curtis David , Gurling Hugh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThree linkage studies of families with multiple cases of bipolar disorder and/or unipolar affective disorder have confirmed the involvement of the chromosome 1p36 region in the etiology of affective disorders with LOD scores of 2.7, 3.6, and 3.97. We investigated the protein kinase C zeta gene (PRKCZ) as a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder because it is highly brain expressed and is localized close to the marker D1S243 which was linked to affective disorder in a single large UCL bipolar disorder family with a LOD of 3.1. PRKCZ encodes an unusual type of protein kinase which affects axonal differentiation through Wnt‐signaling. We genotyped four microsatellite markers and nine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within or near the PRKCZ gene in the UCL case–control sample of 600 bipolar disorder patients and up to 605 supernormal controls. Markers D1S243 and rs3128396 were significantly associated with bipolar disorder (empirical P = 0.037 and P = 0.040, respectively). We also included data from eight SNPs which were genotyped as part of our GWA study on bipolar disorder for association analysis. Tests of haplotypic association found that a haplotype block comprising markers rs3128296, rs2503706, and rs3128309 was associated with bipolar disorder (empirical P = 0.004). A previous linkage study had shown greater evidence for linkage within female cases compared to males. Therefore, to assess if the association was sex‐specific, we performed a female‐only allelic‐association analysis, which resulted in SNPs rs3128296 and rs3128309 becoming associated with bipolar disorder (P = 0.004 and P = 0.016, respectively). PRKCZ may play a role in susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy caused by a mutation in dystonin
Authors: Edvardson Simon , Cinnamon Yuval , Jalas Chaim , Shaag Avraham , Maayan Channa , Axelrod Felicia B. , Elpeleg Orly 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 4 infants with a new lethal autonomic sensory neuropathy with clinical features similar to familial dysautonomia as well as contractures, we identified a deleterious mutation in the DST gene, using homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing. DST encodes dystonin, a cytoskeleton linker protein, and the mutation results in an unstable transcript. Interestingly, dystonin is significantly more abundant in cells of familial dysautonomia patients with IKBKAP (I‐κ‐B kinase complex‐associated protein) mutation compared to fibroblasts of controls, suggesting that upregulation of dystonin is responsible for the milder course in familial dysautonomia. Homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing is a successful approach to identify mutated genes in rare monogenic disorders. Ann Neurol 2012;71:569–572
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: The lupus nephritis assessment with rituximab study
Authors: Rovin Brad H. , Furie Richard , Latinis Kevin , Looney R. John , Fervenza Fernando C. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Maciuca Romeo , Zhang David , Garg Jay P. , Brunetta Paul , Appel Gerald ,   LUNAR Investigator Group
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial in patients with lupus nephritis treated concomitantly with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids.MethodsPatients (n = 144) with class III or class IV lupus nephritis were randomized 1:1 to receive rituximab (1,000 mg) or placebo on days 1, 15, 168, and 182. The primary end point was renal response status at week 52.ResultsRituximab depleted peripheral CD19+ B cells in 71 of 72 patients. The overall (complete and partial) renal response rates were 45.8% among the 72 patients receiving placebo and 56.9% among the 72 patients receiving rituximab (P = 0.18); partial responses accounted for most of the difference. The primary end point (superior response rate with rituximab) was not achieved. Eight placebo‐treated patients and no rituximab‐treated patients required cyclophosphamide rescue therapy through week 52. Statistically significant improvements in serum complement C3, C4, and anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) levels were observed among patients treated with rituximab. In both treatment groups, a reduction in anti‐dsDNA levels greater than the median reduction was associated with reduced proteinuria. The rates of serious adverse events, including infections, were similar in both groups. Neutropenia, leukopenia, and hypotension occurred more frequently in the rituximab group.ConclusionAlthough rituximab therapy led to more responders and greater reductions in anti‐dsDNA and C3/C4 levels, it did not improve clinical outcomes after 1 year of treatment. The combination of rituximab with MMF and corticosteroids did not result in any new or unexpected safety signals.
Increased numbers of CD5+ B lymphocytes with a regulatory phenotype in spondylarthritis
Authors: Cantaert Tineke , Doorenspleet Marieke E. , FrancoSalinas Gabriela , Paramarta Jaqueline E. , Klarenbeek Paul L. , Tiersma Yvonne , van der Loos Chris M. , De Vries Niek , Tak Paul Peter , Baeten Dominique L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveWhether and how B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of spondylarthritis (SpA), a seronegative arthritis associated with gut inflammation, remains unknown. Because innate‐like CD5+ B lymphocytes with regulatory functions have been identified in colitis models, we undertook the present study to analyze the presence and function of CD5+ B cells in human SpA.MethodsPeripheral blood B cells from patients with SpA, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Synovial biopsy samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. Sorted CD5+ and CD5− B cells were analyzed for somatic hypermutation, expression of costimulatory molecules, and cytokine production.ResultsThe naive, marginal zone–like, and to a lesser extent memory B cell compartments in patients with SpA exhibited a clear and specific increase of CD5+ B cells, which was not found in patients with RA. This increase was not due to either B cell activation or preferential migration of CD5− B cells to the inflamed synovium. Consistent with their phenotype and the low‐affinity polyreactive immunoglobulins produced by their murine counterpart cells, CD5+ B cells from patients with SpA showed low levels of somatic hypermutation. With regard to antigen presentation, CD5+ B cells expressed slightly increased HLA–DR levels but low CD80 and CD86 levels. In vitro activation failed to up‐regulate these costimulatory molecules but induced significant production of interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐6 by CD5+ B cells.ConclusionCD5+ B cells are specifically increased in SpA. Analysis of somatic hypermutation, expression of antigen‐presenting and costimulatory molecules, and cytokine production indicates that this B cell subset has regulatory capacities. Further investigation of the potential role of CD5+ cells in SpA is warranted.
Heme oxygenase 1 attenuates interleukin‐1β–induced cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression via a decrease in NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species/activator protein 1 activation in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Chi Pei‐Ling , Chen Yu‐Wen , Hsiao Li‐Der , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveReactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cytokines induce the expression of inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) exerts an antiinflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)–induced cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression through ROS generation as modulated by HO‐1 in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).MethodsIL‐1β–induced ROS generation was determined by flow cytometry. The involvement of MAPKs and NADPH oxidase (NOX)/ROS in IL‐1β–induced cPLA2 expression was investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors and transfection with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and was analyzed by Western blotting and promoter assay. Overexpression of HO‐1 was performed by transfection of RASFs with a recombinant adenovirus containing human HO‐1 plasmid. SCID mice with inflammation caused by IL‐1β were infected with adenovirus containing HO‐1. Histologic characterization of joint inflammation and local expression of cPLA2 were evaluated after treatment.ResultsIL‐1β–induced cPLA2 expression was mediated through NOX activation/ROS production, which was attenuated by N‐acetylcysteine (NAC; a scavenger of ROS), the inhibitors of NOX (diphenyleneiodonium chloride and apocynin), MEK‐1/2 (U0126), and JNK‐1/2 (SP600125), transfection with the respective siRNAs, and the overexpression of HO‐1 in RASFs. IL‐1β–induced cPLA2 expression was mediated through recruitment of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) to the cPLA2 promoter region, which was attenuated by NAC and overexpression of HO‐1. Furthermore, HO‐1 overexpression inhibited IL‐1β–mediated cPLA2 expression in SCID mice.ConclusionIn RASFs, IL‐1β induced cPLA2 expression via activation of p42/p44 MAPK and JNK‐1/2, leading to p47phox phosphorylation, ROS production, and AP‐1 activation. The induction of HO‐1 exerted protective effects on the pathogenesis of RA.
Influence of pregnancy on the adipocytokine and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Weix Janine , Förger Frauke , Häupl Thomas , Surbek Daniel , Østensen Monika , Villiger Peter M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify candidate genes that are regulated by human pregnancy and have the potential to modulate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy pregnant volunteers were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChips at 4 time points (during the first, second, and third trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum). Based on the GeneChip data, target genes were further analyzed via real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using PBMCs from healthy controls and RA patients. In order to determine the cellular source of the candidate gene messenger RNA (mRNA), monocytes and lymphocytes from healthy controls and RA patients were positively selected using magnetic beads, and their mRNA was analyzed by qPCR.ResultsOne‐way analysis of variance identified 1,286 mRNAs that were differentially expressed with regard to the 4 time points. The changes became more pronounced as pregnancy progressed, and they were reversed postpartum. A subsequent pathway analysis suggested a regulatory role of pregnancy on the adipocytokine pathway as well as on the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Of 19 preselected candidate genes, AKT3, SOCS3, FADS2, STAT1, and CD36 proved to be differentially regulated by pregnancy. In samples from RA patients, the differences were concordant with those in healthy controls but more pronounced. Both T lymphocytes and monocytes contributed to the regulated expression of these genes.ConclusionOur findings indicate that normal human pregnancy leads to changes in the expression of several molecular pathways in PBMCs, which are reversed postpartum. Changes in RA patients, although concordant, exceed the levels observed in healthy controls. Genes of the adipocytokine and PPAR signaling pathways qualify as candidates for the modulation of RA disease activity during pregnancy.
The use of electronic media to develop transferable skills in science students studying anatomy
Authors: Choudhury Bipasha , Gouldsborough Ingrid 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTransferable skills such as team working, communication, information gathering, critical thinking, and peer assessment are essential for graduates seeking employment in the competitive jobs market. Use of online discussion boards have grown to allow students to communicate with each other at a time and location of their choosing. This study aimed to develop transferable skills using specially developed online components supported by discussion boards and chat rooms. Students enrolled in the Human Anatomy and Histology module at the University of Manchester were put into groups of six or seven students (26 groups in total). Two e‐learning components were constructed to develop transferable skills. Each group had a discussion board and chat room available to assist communication in completion of the components. Peer marking was also done on this media. Data collected showed the discussion boards were heavily utilized (average number of posts per group was 48). Eighty‐three percent of students found the discussion boards useful to complete the tasks. Students felt their team building and critical analysis skills had improved. Peer assessment was well received by students. Using online discussion boards proved an excellent way to develop transferable skills in a large group of science students. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision using inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps2
Authors: Hainsworth A , Al Akash M , Roblin P , Mohanna P , Ross D , George M L 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Perineal wound complications following abdominoperineal excision (APE) for low rectal tumours remain an important cause of morbidity and prolonged hospital stay, particularly after chemoradiotherapy. The aim was to assess outcomes after using inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flaps for immediate perineal reconstruction, and to compare these with the authors' previous experience and published literature on myocutaneous flaps.

Methods
A series of patients who underwent immediate IGAP flap reconstruction after APE between April 2008 and December 2010 were examined retrospectively to determine patient demographics, length of operation, complications (perineal wound and general) and length of hospital stay.

Results
Forty patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (33 primary and 7 recurrent disease) underwent immediate IGAP flap reconstruction following APE. Median follow-up was 9 months. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was received by 98 per cent of the patients. Thirty-two patients underwent APE plus IGAP flaps (25 open, 7 laparoscopic), with a median operating time of 402 min, and eight patients had multivisceral resection (MVR) plus IGAP flaps (7 total pelvic exenteration (TPE), 1 abdominosacral resection), with a median duration of surgery of 561 min. There was one death (fatal stroke) and four major flap complications (10 per cent) (1 enteroperineal fistula, and 3 deep wound infections). Median length of hospital stay was 13 days after APE plus IGAP flaps and 27 days following MVR plus IGAP flaps. Late complications occurred in two patients who had vaginal reconstruction and developed perineal hernias requiring revisional surgery.

Conclusion
Although operating times are long, the IGAP flap is robust, with no flap necrosis observed in this series.
Single Site Supported Cationic Rhodium(I) Complexes for the Selective Redox Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Sahoo Suman , Lundberg Helena , Edén Mattias , Ahlsten Nanna , Wan Wei , Zou Xiaodong , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe isomerization of allylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds by a heterogeneous rhodium complex is reported. Different silica material supports and catalyst/ligand systems were evaluated. The most efficient catalyst in terms of catalytic activity and stability was found to be a cationic rhodium(I) complex with sulfonated phosphine ligands anchored on a mesoporous aluminosilica AlSBA‐15. The heterogeneous complex catalyzed the isomerization of a variety of allylic alcohols in excellent yields with very low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %). The catalyst could be recycled without significant loss of activity or selectivity. The optimized catalyst was characterized by N2 sorption, powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, as well as solution and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopies.
Towards Mesostructured Zinc Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Junggeburth Sebastian C. , Schwinghammer Katharina , Virdi Kulpreet S. , Scheu Christina , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe transfer of supramolecular templating to the realm of metal–organic frameworks opens up new avenues to the design of novel hierarchically structured materials. We demonstrate the first synthesis of mesostructured zinc imidazolates in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which acts as a template giving rise to ordered lamellar hybrid materials. A high degree of order spanning the atomic and mesoscale was ascertained by powder X‐ray diffraction, electron diffraction, as well as solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy. The metrics of the unit cells obtained for the zinc methylimidazolate and imidazolate species are a=(11.43±0.45), b=(9.55±0.35), c=(27.19±0.34) Å, and a=(10.98±0.90), b=(8.95±0.95), c=(26.33±0.34) Å, respectively, assuming orthorhombic symmetry. The derived structure model is consistent with a mesolamellar structure composed of bromine‐terminated zinc (methyl)imidazolate chains interleaved with motionally rigid cationic surfactant molecules in an all‐trans conformation. The hybrid materials exhibit unusually high thermal stability up to 300 °C, at which point CTAB is lost and evidence for a thermally induced transformation into poorly crystalline mesostructures with larger feature sizes is obtained. Treatment with ethanol effects the extraction of CTAB from the material, followed by facile transformation into pure microporous ZIF‐8 nanoparticles within minutes, thus demonstrating a unique transition from a mesostructure into a microporous zinc imidazolate.