bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Polydiacetylene Films: Preparation, Patterning, and Sensor Applications
Authors: Lee Joosub , Yarimaga Oktay , Lee Cheol Hee , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of polydiacetylene (PDA) networks on solid substrates is presented. A highly transparent and cross‐linked diacetylene film of DCDDA‐bis‐BA on a solid substrate is prepared first by tailoring the monomers with organoboronic acid moieties as pendant side groups and consequent drop‐casting and dehydration steps. Precisely controlled thermal curing plays a key role to obtain properly aligned diacetylene monomers that are closely packed between the boronic acid derived anhydride structures. A second cross‐linking, which occurs by polymerization of the diacetylene monomers with UV irradiation, induces a transparent to blue color shift. Accordingly, colored image patterns are readily available by polymerization through a photomask. The color change that takes place as a response to various organic solvents can be simply detected by naked eyes. The thermofluorescence change of PDA networks is demonstrated to be an effective method by which to obtain the microscale temperature distribution of thermal systems. The ease of film formation and stress‐induced blue‐to‐red color change with a simultaneous fluorescence generation features of the network structure should find a great utility in a wide range of chemical and thermal sensing platforms.
Coral reef fish communities in management systems with unregulated fishing and small fisheries closures compared with lightly fished reefs – Maldives vs. Kenya
Authors: McClanahan T. R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study presents a comparison of the benthic cover and fish communities in three widely different management systems: (1) a heavily utilized subsistence fishery (yields >5 Mg km−2 yr−1); (2) moderately sized and well enforced fisheries closures (∼9% of the nearshore area) surrounded by heavy fishing; and (3) a more lightly used management system (yields <5 Mg km−2 yr−1).The objective was to compare management systems of small to moderate‐sized closures surrounded by heavy use in Kenya with a large‐scale light‐use management system in the Maldives.Gross level attributes of the fish community suggest that the Maldives reefs had higher numbers of individuals (30%) and species (15%) than the Kenyan closures.Maldivian reefs had higher abundance of some carnivores such as emperors (Lethrinidae), jacks (Carangidae), triggerfish (Balistidae), and trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae). Half the biomass of fish in the Maldives was, however, composed of surgeonfish (Acanthuridae), which resulted in a higher abundance of herbivores/detritivores than found in Kenyan closures.Apex predator species were not a large portion of the biomass (<10%) in any system and, if remote reefs of the Pacific are examples of undisturbed ecosystems, then neither management system has fully protected apex species.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klonen von Nutztieren. Tierzucht zwischen Landwirtschaft und Biomedizin
Authors: Niemann Heiner 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Fortschritte in der Tierzucht in den vergangen rund 50 Jahren sind wesentlich auf die Einführung biotechnologischer Verfahren zurückzuführen. Das somatische Klonen ist das jüngste biotechnologische Verfahren, für das sich die Einführung in die tierzüchterische Praxis abzeichnet. Es ist bis heute bei mehr als einem Dutzend Spezies erfolgreich gewesen. Die Erfolgsraten, d.h. der Anteil geborener Nachkommen aus dem Klonprozess, ist noch niedrig im Vergleich zu konventionell produzierten Tieren. Die weltweit intensive Forschung hat jedoch zu deutlichen Verbesserungen geführt, so dass das Klonen heute bereits bei Rind und Schwein für spezifische Fragestellungen in Forschung und Anwendung eingesetzt werden kann.
Exoten am Lago Maggiore. Die Exkursion
Authors: Erdnüß Frank 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAls Insubrien wird der westliche Teil des oberitalienischen Seenbogens bis in eine Höhe von etwa 500 Meter ü. NN bezeichnet. Charakteristisch für diese Region rund um den Lago Maggiore sind ein mild‐feuchtes Klima mit ergiebigen Niederschlägen vor allem während der Vegetationsperiode sowie saure Bodenverhältnisse. Diese Standortfaktoren führen zusammen mit der jahrhundertealten Gartenbautradition zu einer außergewöhnlichen Vielfalt an Gehölzen, die sich hervorragend zu Studienzwecken eignet. Auffällig ist vor allem ein hoher Anteil an breitblättrigen, immergrünen Holzpflanzen, wobei die Gärten sehr viele exotische Arten beherbergen. Einige davon etablieren sich als Neophyten auch in natürlichen Wäldern.
Pflanzenpathogene als Zuckerdiebe
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNur süßer Nektar kann Bienen anlocken, ohne Zucker in der Blüte gibt es keinen Honig. Dieser Zucker muss aus den Pflanzenzellen ausgeschieden werden. Wie die Zuckermoleküle aus der Zelle kommen, wurde jetzt aufgeklärt. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass der gleiche Transportweg bei Menschen den Blutzuckerspiegel reguliert. Bakterien und Pilze wiederum greifen bei ihren Opfern in diese Gene ein, schalten den Zuckerexport an und beschaffen sich so ihre Nahrung.
Jacob Moleschott: “Ohne Phosphor kein Gedanke”
Authors: Kockerbeck Christoph 
Published: February 2011

AbstractJacob Moleschott war ein bedeutender Physiologe, der sich frühzeitig darum bemühte, allgemeinverständlich über das Thema Ernährung zu schreiben. Er zählt mit Ludwig Büchner und Carl Vogt zu den Hauptvertretern des naturwissenschaftlichen Materialismus in Deutschland.
Sorry not today: Self and temporary consumption denial
Authors: Black Iain R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis research investigates the temporary involuntary loss of symbolically important, meaningful possessions and how consumers manage self identity in this situation. The losses explored occurred within the context of air travel and included where people accustomed to flying in business class had to travel in economy and where high status in a frequent flyer program was lost. Three stages of fieldwork were conducted; participant observation involving 50 international and domestic flights covering 110,000 miles, depth interviews and engagement online with a range of frequent flyer discussion communities. The short‐term, concealable nature of the losses allowed consumers to manipulate private and public meaning to avoid, where possible, the consequences of the loss on self identity. This study contributes by showing that both private and public meanings of lost possessions can be used in identity construction and how identity negotiation can be avoided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of consumer ethical beliefs in product‐harm crises
Authors: Vassilikopoulou Aikaterini , Chatzipanagiotou Kalliopi , Siomkos George , Triantafillidou Amalia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumer reaction during a product‐harm crisis by examining the interdependencies that exist among their ethical beliefs as consumers, their attributions of blame, their feelings of anger and finally their purchase intentions towards the affected company.To test the five research hypotheses, a questionnaire containing a hypothetical crisis scenario of a fictitious company was distributed to 277 consumers. Respondents were asked to read the scenario and answer questions regarding their attribution of responsibility to the company, their feelings of anger and their purchase intentions. In order to investigate consumers' ethical beliefs, a Consumer Ethics Scale was also included in the questionnaire.Structural equation modelling revealed a significant, positive correlation between attributions of blame, anger and ethical beliefs. Moreover, anger negatively affects purchase intentions, whereas the attribution of blame was not found to be significantly connected to purchase intentions.In spite of the rational connection between ethics and crisis, there is lack of research correlating these two concepts. Based on this gap in the literature, the current research attempts to connect ethical beliefs with consumer reactions and emotions during product‐harm crises.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term exposure to incense smoke alters metabolism in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Alokail Majed S. , Al‐Daghri Nasser M. , Alarifi Saud A. , Draz Hossam M. , Hussain Tajamul , Yakout Sobhy M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe burning of incense is an important source of indoor air pollution in Asia. We assessed the effect of long‐term exposure to incense smoke on the body weight and levels of circulating glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, insulin, adiponectin and leptin in Wistar albino rats. Two groups of rats were used. First group (n = 12) was exposed daily to incense smoke for 4 months at the rate of 4 g day−1 in the exposure chamber. Another group of rats (n = 12), was used as non‐exposed control. Blood samples were collected from all animals after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of exposure. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol insulin, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Our results showed that incense smoke exposure was associated with decreased weight gain and the adverse metabolic changes of increased triglycerides and decreased HDL‐cholesterol concentrations. Exposure to incense was also associated with a transient increase of leptin levels. Taken together, these data suggest that incense smoke influences metabolism adversely in rats. The effect of incense smoke on human health and the underlying mechanisms need to be studied further. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxorhenium‐Mediated Assembly of Noncyclic Selective Integrin Antagonists: A Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Aufort Marie , Gonera Marta , Le Gal Julien , Czarny Bertrand , Le Clainche Loïc , Thai Robert , Dugave Christophe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe parallel oxorhenium‐mediated assembly of 288 noncyclic RGD analogues is reported. All complexes contain a NS2+S chelating motif that enables the unambiguous coordination of the oxorhenium and oxotechnetium cores. In this study, “modules S” contain a variety of pending guanidinium groups whereas the “NS2 modules” are made of a series of N‐acylated amino acids. Combination of sets of “NS2” and “S modules” together with tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorooxorhenate gave the corresponding oxorhenium complexes in good yields and satisfactory purities. Evaluation of these metalloconstructs towards integrins αVβ3, αIIbβ3, and αVβ5 led to the identification of micromolar and submicromolar antagonists of theses integrins. These compounds exhibit interesting selectivities and promise attractive applications for the molecular imaging of integrin‐dependent pathologies.
Cytotoxicity of Plasticizers and Ionic Liquids Using Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cell Culture
Authors: Rahman M. , O'Donnell J. M. , Brazel C. S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne successfully demonstrated application of ionic liquids (ILs) is to produce flexible polymeric materials, i.e., as plasticizers. However, the use of ILs as plasticizers, especially in medical plastics and children's toys, requires a thorough toxicological investigation. This is particularly important considering the safety concerns associated with leaching of many traditional plasticizers. This paper encompasses cellular biology and engineering aspects of the application of ILs as novel plasticizers by analyzing the cytotoxic effects of a variety of ILs on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) S2 cell culture. While the effects observed have been correlated with previous observations, the cytotoxicity of ILs was found to depend on the selection of specific cations, anions, exposure time, concentration and solubility of the ILs in the culture media, and the toxicity of the parent chemicals used to synthesize the ILs.
Kinetic Study of Dilute Nitric acid Treatment of Corn Stover at Relatively High Temperature
Authors: Zhang R. , Lu X. , Liu Y. , Wang X. , Zhang S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCorn stover was hydrolyzed using dilute nitric acid at 150 °C. Several concentrations of HNO3 (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt‐%) and reaction times (0–60 min) were evaluated. The kinetic parameters of mathematical models for predicting the concentrations of xylose, glucose, arabinose, acetic acid, and furfural in the hydrolysates were determined. The hydrolysates obtained from corn stover can be used to produce methane by an anaerobic fermentation process. Thus, the hydrolysis process of corn stover using dilute nitric acid can be conceived as the first stage of an integrated strategy for corn stover utilization.
Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Separate Heat Pipe in Cool Storage Air‐Conditioning Systems
Authors: Liu X. , Fang G.‐Y. , Chen Z. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe condensation characteristics model of the condensation part of a separate heat pipe in a cool storage air‐conditioning system is presented. In this model, the shear stress between gas and liquid two‐phase flow is considered. R134a is taken as working medium of the heat pipe. The liquid film thickness, shear stress, and heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe are calculated. The effect of the shear stress on the film thickness and the variations of the heat transfer coefficient with heat pipe diameter and heat flux are analyzed. Influences of the heat pipe incline angle and heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient are also considered. The results indicate that the liquid film based on this model is thinner and the condensation heat transfer coefficient is larger than that based on the Nusselt model.
Biodegradation of wastewater containing cyanide, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile using RBC and shock loading study
Authors: Kubsad Vijay , Gupta Sudhir Kumar , Chaudhari Sanjeev 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used to study the biodegradation of synthetic wastewater similar to the one from the petrochemical industry producing acrylonitrile (ACR). The study was carried out at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 h for simultaneous removal of cyanide (CN), acetonitrile (ACN), and ACR in petrochemical wastewater stream. The attached biomass was acclimatised by gradually increasing CN, ACN, and ACR concentration from 5 to 40, 41 to 113, and 45 to 142 mg L−1, respectively, with simultaneous increase in the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen at HRT of 30 h. During acclimatisation the percent removal of COD, CN, ACN, and ACR were 90–95, >99, 80–94, and 80–88, respectively. The performance of RBC was monitored for various parameters like COD, 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand at 20°C (BOD5), CN, ACN, ACR, ammonium nitrogen, etc. The removals obtained in terms of percentage, for CN, ACN, ACR, and COD were 97, 81, 89, and 95, respectively, at HRT 30 h. The quantitative shocks consisting of increase in influent substrate concentration with subsequent increase in concentration of other parameters proportionally were studied. The variation of biomass concentration within the system was also studied.
Investigation on local and average static hold‐ups in liquid–liquid systems in a rotary disc contactor
Authors: Molavi Hoda , Hosseinpour Sima , Bahmanyar Hossein , Shariaty‐Niasar Mojtaba 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA rotating disc contactor with inner diameter of 91 mm and 21 compartments was used to investigate local and average static hold‐ups in the column. Three chemical systems, including distilled water as stagnant continuous phase and toluene, kerosene, and butyl acetate as dispersed phase, in case of no mass transfer, were applied. Different parameters consisting of drop size and static hold‐up were measured experimentally under various operating conditions, and two dimensionless correlations for estimation of local static hold‐up as a function of average mother drop size, physical properties, rotor speed, and stage number were proposed in two cases: (1) immovable and (2) rotating rotor discs.Furthermore, two dimensionless correlations were presented to estimate average static hold‐up as a function of average mother drop size, physical properties, rotor speed, and number of stages in the column in the two aforementioned conditions.
Challenging breast lesions: Pitfalls and limitations of fine‐needle aspiration and the role of core biopsy in specific lesions
Authors: Simsir Aylin , Cangiarella Joan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCore biopsy rapidly replaced fine needle aspiration (FNA) over the past decade in evaluation of diseases of the female breast in many centers in the USA. We continue to heavily utilize FNA for the initial evaluation of breast masses in our institution. In this article, we discuss the cytologic and core biopsy findings in challenging breast lesions such as papillary and mucinous proliferations, fibroepithelial neoplasms, and low grade cancers. We specifically focus on the pitfalls and limitations of both diagnostic modalities in these selected specific lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytological significance of abnormal squamous cells in urinary cytology
Authors: Hattori Manabu , Nishimura Yukari , Toyonaga Masumi , Kakinuma Hirokuni , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Ohbu Makoto 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of abnormal squamous cells (ASCs) in urinary cytology to clarify whether finding of ASCs could improve diagnostic accuracy. A total of 3,812 urine specimens were reviewed. We focused on three parameters of ASCs, necrotic debris, and ASC clusters, and linked them to histological diagnosis and clinical information. ASCs were identified in 34 (0.9%) specimens from 21 different patients. The incidence of ASCs was higher in females than in males. The 34 urine specimens were categorized as voided urine (16 cases), bladder‐catheterized urine (17 cases), and bladder‐washed fluid (1 case). Six (28.6%) of 21 patients were histologically diagnosed as having combined urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Eight patients (38.1%) were histologically diagnosed as having SCC originating from sites other than the urinary tract; those urine specimens showed ASCs that were likely to have been exfoliated from malignant lesions. Necrotic debris and ASC clusters were identified in 12 specimens (35.3%) from 11 patients and 4 specimens (11.8%) from 4 patients, respectively, from a total of 34 specimens. Our results indicate that a great amount of care is needed for cytological diagnosis when attempting to recognize ASCs in urine specimens because ASCs were identified in not only SCC of the bladder but also in carcinoma or nonmalignant lesions of nonurinary tracts. Necrotic debris was found not only in patients who had malignant bladder tumors but also in those who had malignant lesions in locations other than the bladder. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Series of New Chiral‐at‐Metal Ruthenium Allenylidene Complexes
Authors: Costin Stephen , Widaman Andria K. , Rath Nigam P. , Bauer Eike B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNew chiral‐at‐metal ruthenium indenyl PPh3 phosphoramidite allenylidene complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Through thermal ligand‐exchange reactions with [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)2], the phosphoramidite ligands (R)‐binol‐N,N‐dimethylphosphoramidite (5a), (R)‐binol‐N,N‐dibenzylphosphoramidite (5b), (R,S)‐binol‐N‐benzyl‐N‐α‐methylbenzylphosphoramidite (5c), and (R)‐catechol‐2‐methylpyrrolidinephosphoramidite [(R)‐10] were converted into the complexes [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)(L)] [L = 5a, 79 %; 5b, 87 %; 5c, 80 %, (R)‐10, 67 %]. The complexes [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)(5b)] and [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)(5c)] were obtained diastereomerically pure and, by reaction with propargylic alcohols, subsequently converted into the allenylidene complexes [Ru(Ind)(PPh3)(5b)(=C=C=CRR′)]+ PF6– (R = R′ = Ph, 85 %; R = Ph, R′ = Me, 66 %; R = 2‐furyl, R′ = Me, 94 %; R = R′ = 4‐fluorophenyl, 76 %; R = 4‐methoxyphenyl, R′ = Me, 66 %) and [Ru(Ind)(PPh3)(5c)(=C=C=CRR′)]+ PF6– (R = R′ = Ph, 91 %; R = Ph, R′ = Me, 72 %; R = 2‐furyl, R′ = Me, 93 %), which were also obtained diastereomerically pure. Complex [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)(5b)] and three of the new allenylidene complexes were characterized structurally, which showed that the chiral information was transferred from the precursor complex to the corresponding allenylidenes. Dynamic NMR experiments showed that during the synthesis of allenylidene complexes only one diastereomer was formed. The research presented herein has an impact on the chemistry of chiral allenylidene complexes as catalysts and as potential intermediates in propargylic substitution reactions.
Candida antarctica Lipase B in a Chemoenzymatic Route to Cyclic α‐Quaternary α‐Amino Acid Enantiomers
Authors: Li Xiang‐Guo , Rantapaju Maria , Kanerva Liisa T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKinetic resolution of three cyclic quaternary ethyl 1‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐1‐carboxylates and both 1‐ and 2‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene analogues have been studied. Interesterification with butyl butanoate and Candida antarctica lipase B accomplished the task. The enantiomers of all 1‐amino analogues reacted with excellent enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio er greater than 200), whereas the 2‐amino analogue was not enantioselective (er = 4). Amino acid enantiomers were finally obtained as their respective hydrochlorides with almost maximum theoretical yields. For the first time, a lipase enzyme was effectively used in the kinetic resolution of cyclic α‐quaternary α‐amino esters.
A One‐Pot, Three‐Component Approach to Functionalised Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using Domino Heck–aza‐Michael Reactions
Authors: Priebbenow Daniel L. , Pfeffer Frederick M. , Stewart Scott G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component method incorporating a domino Heck–aza‐Michael reaction has been developed for the rapid synthesis of functionalised tetrahydroisoquinolines. Following the in situ generation of an acrylamide, a domino process involving intermolecular Heck reaction and subsequentintramolecular aza‐Michael addition affords tetrahydroisoquinolines bearing C1‐acetamide functionality.
Gaining Control: Direct Suzuki Arylation of Dihydroazulenes and Tuning of Photo‐ and Thermochromism (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 6/2011)
Authors: Petersen Michael Åxman , Broman Søren Lindbæk , Kilså Kristine , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows different states of a dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photochromic system that was prepared by a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The color of the system is controlled by light, heat, acid, and base. Details are discussed in the article by M. Å. Petersen, M. B. Nielsen et al. on p. 1033 ff.