bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter melting triggered by bacterial RNA polymerase occurs in three steps
Authors: Chen Jie , Darst Seth A. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: July 2010

RNA synthesis, carried out by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a process called transcription, involves several stages. In bacteria, transcription initiation starts with promoter recognition and binding of RNAP holoenzyme, resulting in the formation of the closed (
R
·
P

c

) RNAP-promoter DNA complex. Subsequently, a transition to the open
R
·
P

o

complex occurs, characterized by separation of the promoter DNA strands in an approximately 12 base-pair region to form the transcription bubble. Using coarse-grained self-organized polymer models of
Thermus aquatics
RNAP holoenzyme and promoter DNA complexes, we performed Brownian dynamics simulations of the
R
·
P

c

→
R
·
P

o

transition. In the fast trajectories, unwinding of the promoter DNA begins by local melting around the -10 element, which is followed by sequential unzipping of DNA till the +2 site. The
R
·
P

c

→
R
·
P

o

transition occurs in three steps. In step I, dsDNA melts and the nontemplate strand makes stable interactions with RNAP. In step II, DNA scrunches into RNA polymerase and the downstream base pairs sequentially open to form the transcription bubble, which results in strain build up. Subsequently, downstream dsDNA bending relieves the strain as
R
·
P

o

forms. Entry of the dsDNA into the active-site channel of RNAP requires widening of the channel, which occurs by a swing mechanism involving transient movements of a subdomain of the β subunit caused by steric repulsion with the DNA template strand. If premature local melting away from the -10 element occurs first then the transcription bubble formation is slow involving reformation of the opened base pairs and subsequent sequential unzipping as in the fast trajectories.
Intraoperative Systolic Blood Pressure Variability Predicts 30-day Mortality in Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery Patients
Authors: Aronson Solomon , Stafford-Smith Mark , Phillips-Bute Barbara , Shaw Andrew , Gaca Jeffrey , Newman Mark 
Published: July 2010

Background
Few data support an association between blood pressure variability and clinical outcomes during cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that intraoperative systolic blood pressure variability outside a targeted blood pressure range predicts 30-day mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods
Electronically captured blood pressure data from 7,504 consecutive coronary bypass surgery procedures between September 1, 1996, and December 31, 2005, were divided into development and validation cohorts. Systolic blood pressure variability episodes outside a blood pressure range (e.g., higher than 135 or lower than 95 mmHg) were characterized by number of episodes, magnitude of episode, duration of episode, and magnitude x duration of excursion (i.e., area under the curve). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess 30-day mortality association. The most predictive mortality risk characteristic and blood pressure range was tested in the validation cohort.

Results
A total of 3.1 million intraoperative blood pressure evaluations were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure variability was derived in 5,038 patients and validated in 2,466 patients (8% without cardiopulmonary bypass and 6% with valve procedure). Among all tested indices of blood pressure variability, mean duration of systolic excursion (outside a range of 105-130 mmHg) was most predictive of 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 1.03 per minute, 95% CI 1.02-1.39, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Intraoperative blood pressure variability is associated with 30-day postoperative mortality in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Preoperative Epidural Catheter Placement for Anterior Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Wenk Manuel , Ertmer Christian , Weber Thomas P. , Liljenqvist Ulf R. , Pöpping Daniel M. , Möllmann Michael , Bullmann Viola 
Published: July 2010

Background
Postoperative pain control via thoracic epidural catheters (TECs) is an important aspect of postoperative care, and ample evidence highlights its positive physiologic effects and superiority to intravenous analgesia. If epidural catheters for postoperative pain relief are used in scoliosis surgery, current practice is the intraoperative placement of the TEC by the surgeon because preoperative placement is considered challenging and dangerous. On the basis of magnetic resonance imaging of scoliotic spines, the authors developed a technique for preoperative placement of TEC and investigated its safety and feasibility.

Methods
Patients undergoing anterior scoliosis surgery were included, who received preoperative placement of TEC. Postoperative pain, problems associated with the TEC placement, possible side effects, radiographic data, and insertion levels of the TEC were noted.

Results
The apex vertebra was identified as a possible site for TEC placement due to dural sac shift leaving a wider epidural space on the convex side. Scoliosis-induced rotation of the vertebrae required realignment of the needle toward the convex side. Sixty patients were included. The success rate for TEC placement was 96.6%: one failed attempt, one catheter placed intrapleurally, and one patient with Horner syndrome. Seven percent of patients required additional rescue analgesia. All other patients had pain scores within acceptable limits (Visual Analogue Scale <5).

Conclusions
The authors have demonstrated that it is possible to insert a TEC in patients with scoliotic spines with a high degree of success using a redesigned approach and thus provide adequate postoperative analgesia with a single epidural catheter. However, precautions have to be taken.
Epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in adults engaged in wastewater‐fed agriculture and aquaculture in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Trang Do Thuy , Hien Bui Thi Thu , Mølbak Kåre , Cam Phung Dac , Dalsgaard Anders 
Published: July 2010

SummaryObjectives  To determine the occurrence of and risk factors for diarrhoea in an adult population exposed to wastewater used for agricultural and aquacultural productions.Methods  An open cohort of 636 adults aged 15–70 years living in a wastewater‐irrigated area in Hanoi was followed by weekly visit for 18 months. The aetiology and risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases were determined in a nested case‐control study. Stool specimens and exposure information related to wastewater, hygiene, water and food consumption were collected from 163 unmatched pairs of cases and controls.Results  The incidence rate of diarrhoeal diseases was 28.1 episodes per 100 person‐years at risk. Of the 326 stool specimens, 47 cases and 24 controls were identified with enteric pathogens, of which diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Entamoeba histolytica were the most common. Risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases included contact with wastewater [odds ratio (OR) = 1.98, attributable fraction of the population (AF) 35%], not washing hands after defecation (OR = 3.34, AF 3%), drinking water from a well (OR = 6.21, AF 6%), consumption of raw or undercooked foods (OR = 2.45, AF 6%), and contact with persons with diarrhoea (OR = 4.22, AF 5%).Conclusion  Wastewater contact was the principal risk factor for diarrhoea in this population. As the local economy depends on the use of wastewater for agriculture and aquaculture, it is important to find ways to mitigate the public health risks associated with this use, in addition to promotions of personal, domestic and food hygiene.
Genomic selection
Authors: Goddard M.E. , Hayes B.J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGenomic selection is a form of marker‐assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci (QTL) are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. This approach has become feasible thanks to the large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) discovered by genome sequencing and new methods to efficiently genotype large number of SNP. Simulation results and limited experimental results suggest that breeding values can be predicted with high accuracy using genetic markers alone but more validation is required especially in samples of the population different from that in which the effect of the markers was estimated. The ideal method to estimate the breeding value from genomic data is to calculate the conditional mean of the breeding value given the genotype of the animal at each QTL. This conditional mean can only be calculated by using a prior distribution of QTL effects so this should be part of the research carried out to implement genomic selection. In practice, this method of estimating breeding values is approximated by using the marker genotypes instead of the QTL genotypes but the ideal method is likely to be approached more closely as more sequence and SNP data is obtained. Implementation of genomic selection is likely to have major implications for genetic evaluation systems and for genetic improvement programmes generally and these are discussed.
Structural insights into ligand‐induced activation of the insulin receptor
Authors: Ward C. , Lawrence M. , Streltsov V. , Garrett T. , McKern N. , Lou M.‐Z. , Lovrecz G. , Adams T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe current model for insulin binding to the insulin receptor proposes that there are two binding sites, referred to as sites 1 and 2, on each monomer in the receptor homodimer and two binding surfaces on insulin, one involving residues predominantly from the dimerization face of insulin (the classical binding surface) and the other residues from the hexamerization face. High‐affinity binding involves one insulin molecule using its two surfaces to make bridging contacts with site 1 from one receptor monomer and site 2 from the other. Whilst the receptor dimer has two identical site 1‐site 2 pairs, insulin molecules cannot bridge both pairs simultaneously. Our structures of the insulin receptor (IR) ectodomain dimer and the L1‐CR‐L2 fragments of IR and insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐1R) explain many of the features of ligand‐receptor binding and allow the two binding sites on the receptor to be described. The IR dimer has an unexpected folded‐over conformation which places the C‐terminal surface of the first fibronectin‐III domain in close juxtaposition to the known L1 domain ligand‐binding surface suggesting that the C‐terminal surface of FnIII‐1 is the second binding site involved in high‐affinity binding. This is very different from previous models based on three‐dimensional reconstruction from scanning transmission electron micrographs. Our single‐molecule images indicate that IGF‐1R has a morphology similar to that of IR. In addition, the structures of the first three domains (L1‐CR‐L2) of the IR and IGF‐1R show that there are major differences in the two regions governing ligand specificity. The implications of these findings for ligand‐induced receptor activation will be discussed.This review summarizes the key findings regarding the discovery and characterization of the insulin receptor, the identification and arrangement of its structural domains in the sequence and the key features associated with ligand binding. The remainder of the review deals with a description of the receptor structure and how it explains much of the large body of biochemical data in the literature on insulin binding and receptor activation.
Everard Booths Irenische Perkins-Vertaling
Authors: Broeyer F.G.M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEverard Booth's irenic Perkins translation The French diplomat Jean Hotman included the French translation of William Perkins' A Reformed Catholike in a syllabus of irenical literature published by him in 1607. This is important. In around 1600 Protestant people were not struck by the unfriendly remarks about the Roman Catholic Church in Perkins' book but by the fact that each of its chapters started with a discourse on the issues on which Catholics and Protestants agreed. Therefore it makes little sense to pay special attention to Perkins' dedication to William Bowes, as W J. op 't Hof does. The translator, Booth, moreover, did not know English. He made use of a Latin translation for his version and never saw the dedication to Bowes. The wording of his translation of Perkins' preface differs very much in character from the original, as a result of its origin in the Latin text. Op 't Hof refers to a note written to Booth by his publisher Schilders. Yet this note only contains information about the sale of the translation, and tells us nothing at all about the contents of the book or Booth's intentions for it. In his own preface, Booth does tell us about these intentions. Op 't Hof disregards these remarks and brushes aside the strong possibility that the work of Booth's former professor Franciscus Junius, the author of Eirenicum de Pace Ecclesiae Catholicae, may also have influenced his translation. An earlier work of translation by Booth shows his interest in the dialogue between Protestants and Catholics. On the basis of its title, Op 't Hof ascribes to it a strong anti-Romanist nature, but the book itself does not confirm this. The author states explicitly that he does not want to annoy the other side. My conclusion is that Hotman's opinion of Booth's translation of Perkins has to be taken seriously: this version of A Reformed Catholic has an irenical nature.
Merkwaardige Boompjes Op De Gewelfschilderingen Van De Sint Salviuskerk Te Limbricht (Ca. 1300)
Authors: Goosen L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn der Sankt Salviuskirche in Limbricht (bei Sittard) wurden vor einigen Jahren Gewölbemalereien (c 1300) entdeckt und restauriert. Am gut bewahrten und für die Niederlanden einzigartigen Zyklus (sieben Szenen aus der Jugend von Jesus und eine Krönung Marias in der Absis sowie ein zweiteiliger Erlösungs-Zyklus in der Travée des Chors: Himmelfahrt und Letztes Gericht) fallen einige ikonographische Ausnahme auf: u.a. wichtige Abweichungen im normalen Schema des Jugenzyklus, eine merkwürdige Umkehrung in der Abbildung des Letzten Gerichts und einige sehr ungewöhnliche Bäumchen bei der Verkündigung und Krönung Marias. Nach einer globalen Beschreibung der Malereien wird versucht, den Hintergrund der bereits genannten Bäumchen sowie die ikonologische und theologische Bedeutung davon zu bestimmen. Vergleiche mit einigen älteren Beispielen und mit einer späteren Tradition (15. und 16. Jh.) ergeben, dasz die Bäumchen in Limbricht, obwohl sie im Schema aus der Entstehungszeit an diesen Stellen kaum je vorkamen, doch jener ikonographischen Ueberlieferung gehören, bei welcher der Baum sowohl auf den Baum der Etkenntnis (Gen. 2,9), als auch auf den Kreuzbaum, sowie auf den himmlischen Paradiesbaum (Apok. 2,7) hinweist. In den Limbrichter Seccos bekommen Verkündigung (Anfang des Erlösungswerkes) und Krönung Marias (vorläufige Vollendung davon)- und damit der ganze Zyklus - durch diese ungewöhnlichen Zufügungen auf eine für jene Zeit einzigartige Weise einen stärkeren soteriologischen Akzent. Die beiden Bäumchen haben sicher ein dekorative Bedeutung, weisen aber auch einen ikonologischen und theologischen Sinn auf. (Vert. Elisabeth Fricker)
Het Vagevuur in De Irenische Theologie Van Théophile Brachet De La Milletière
Authors: Van De Schoor R.J.M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractC'est avec sa conception du purgatoire que l'iréniste français Théophile Brachet de La Milletière essaie de convaincre catholiques et calvinistes d'une réunification possible de l'Eglise. Celle-ci illustre bien les moyens qu'il a mis en oeuvre pour arriver à ses fins. Il y refuse d'une part le dogme catholique selon lequel il existe un lieu de pénitence où l'homme après sa mort expie la peine temporelle due à ses péches. La Milletière caractérise cette conception comme une issue de secours pour les pécheurs, pure invention de la scholastique, et il la considère en même temps comme un excès d'une trop grande indulgence. D'autre part il reproche aux protestants qu'ils combattent l'existence du purgatoire en utilisant de faux arguments; c'est que ceux qui croient que l'homme doit sa sanctification entièrement à la grâce imputative de la crucifixion du Christ, doivent être bien aveugles à la fonction de la grâce inhérente qui occupe une place si importante dans la doctrine sur le purgatoire. Pour La Milletière il s'agit d'un purgatoire où les douleurs physiques sont absentes, d'une salle d'attente où les douleurs physiques sont absentes, d'une salle d'attente où ceux qui sont morts en Christ attendent le Jugement Dernier. Bien que les âmes n'y souffrent pas, il ont tout de même besoin de soutien en de réconfort, parce qu'ils désirent ardemment leur sanctification et leur rédemption de l'état d'humiliation absolue dans laquelle la mort les a plongés. C'est pourquoi La Milletière accorde une certaine importance à la prière pour les défunts, même s'il ne réussit pas bien à concilier la portée de cette prière avec ses idées sur le purgatoire. Dans sa conception les âmes des défunts ont aussi besoin d'une commémoration dans l'eucharistie, d'une participation au Corps Mystique du Christ. En intensifiant ainsi la piété par les sacrements La Milletière croit pouvoir résoudre la controverse sur le purgatoire. Car celui qui participe dignement et libéré de tout péché à l'eucharistie et qui ne reçoit l'absolution de ses péchés que lorsqui'il a accompli sa pénitence, vit selon l'exemple du Christ et acquiert une grâce inhérente. Une telle conception pouvait rendre superflue la doctrine selon laquelle on doit encore expier ses péchés dans l'au-delà.
Katholieke Propaganda En Protestantse Polemiek in Zestiende-Eeuwse Bijbelillustraties
Authors: Rosier Bart 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn illustration at the beginning of Deuteronomium 18 in the French bible published at Atwerp by Martinus de Keyser in 1530 shows the burning of a book in the background. This picture has been interpretated as an expression of the propagandistic value which catholic imagery acquired with the growth of the Reformation. The illustration, however, has its forerunners in earlier bible illustrations, the earliest of which appeared in 1490. Moreover, the editions in which the woodcut appeared cannot be regarded as catholic bibles. Though they were at the time presented as based on the Vulgata, they were placed on the Louvain Index in 1546. Furthermore, the subject depicted does not deal with the burning of religious books; Deuteronomium 18:10-11 contains a prohibition against sorcery, and the book shown in the woodcut
De Illustraties in Doen Pieterszoons Uitgave Van Het Evangelie Naar Mattheus (Amsterdam 1522)
Authors: Rosier Bart 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn 1522 the Amsterdam printer Doen Pieterszoon published the first edition of the gospel according to St. Matthew in the vernacular. The text by Johan Pelt was a translation of Erasmus's Novum testamentum of 1516. The titlepage shows a woodcut of the evangelist of a type recurrent in several dutch bibles. Furthermore, the gospel contains six woodcuts of a rather emblematical character. Five of these depict an angel (the symbol for Matthew) holding in his hands, and surrounded by it, several objects, figures, and little scenes. Each of these are accompanied by a number, and are thus related to a corresponding chapter of the gospel. For example, a gnome-like devil carrying boulders at the angel's feet, refers to the temptation of Christ in the desert (Mt. 4:3). Pieterszoon's illustrations were copied after Petrus von Rosenheim's Rationarium evangelistarum, or Ars memorandi (editio princeps Pforzheim 1502), in which all the gospels were covered, and the symbols of the other evangelists (lion, ox and eagle) also featured as presenters. In their turn these cuts were copied after the Ars memorandi quator evangelia, a blockbook printed in Germany ca. 1470. As their titles suggest, these were works of a mnemotechnical nature, and the woodcuts served as images to aid the memory. However, the Ars memorandi does not belong to the tradition of the artificial memory as described by Frances Yates. Yet, the elements of the classical mnemotechnical Ad Flerennium tractate, loci and images, are present in the illustrations. Thus the Ars memorandi woodcuts are memory images, through which the contents of the gospels can be more easily memorised. They did not, however, prove succesful as biblical illustrations. Pieterszoon did not use them again in any of his later bible editions, and in fact no other printer did. Biblical illustrations were intended to depict biblical stories and to eludicate the text, and as such the Ars memorandi images obviously did not work.
De Auteur Van De Politia Et Disciplina Civili Et Ecclesiastica (1585)
Authors: Starreveld J.C.L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe name of the author of the anonymous work De politia et disciplina civili et ecclesiastica (1585) was a wellhidden secret for centuries. An attempt is made to solve this mystery. The name of the printer and the place are mentioned: Leonardus Niestus, Lugduni Batavorum. These explicit data do not lead anywhere. The dedication of the work contains valuable information about the author. He is a relative of F. Junius and H. Smetius, professors at Heidelberg University in theology and medicine and married to sisters of the Corput family from Breda. He mentions several times Italy and the Italians as his homeland, where he is not allowed to go. Lastly his initials are given: I.B.A.C. On the basis of recently published dissertations on one of the members of the Corput family and the Italian church in London in the sixteenth century the conclusion can be made that a member of the Corput family originating from Italy is the author. We found Ioannes Baptista Aurellius Calabrensis (ca.1540-1596) member of a Waldense family from the South of Italy. His mother had sent him in 1558/9 to the Academy of Geneva to prepare for the ministry in Italy. The family in Calabria fell victim to the Inquisition in 1561 and I.B.A.C. became a minister in France and subsequently in the small Italian reformed church of London from 1570 till his death in 1596. In London he married a member of the Corput family, Mary, and became related to Junius, Smetius and Emanuel van Meteren, the famous historian. He published two other works, not anonymous, one in Italian. His now forgotten 'De politia' was influential in the Dutch Republic because it was used by J. Wtenbogaert.