bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypical and biochemical characterization of tomato plants treated with triacontanol
Authors: Manai Michela , Fiorillo Anna , Matuozzo Monica , Li Mei , D’Ambrosio Chiara , Franco Loris , Scaloni Andrea , Fogliano Vincenzo , Camoni Lorenzo , Marra Mauro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiostimulants are heterogeneous products designed to support plant development and to improve the yield and quality of crops. Here, we focused on the effects of triacontanol, a promising biostimulant found in cuticle waxes, on tomato growth and productivity. We examined various phenological traits related to vegetative growth, flowering and fruit yield, the metabolic profile of fruits, and the response of triacontanol-treated plants to salt stress. Additionally, a proteomic analysis was conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying triacontanol action. Triacontanol application induced advanced and increased blooming without affecting plant growth. Biochemical analyses of fruits showed minimal changes in nutritional properties. The treatment also increased the germination rate of seeds by altering hormone homeostasis and reduced salt stress-induced damage. Proteomics analysis of leaves revealed that triacontanol increased the abundance of proteins related to development and abiotic stress, while down-regulating proteins involved in biotic stress resistance. The proteome of the fruits was not significantly affected by triacontanol, confirming that biostimulation did not alter the nutritional properties of fruits. Overall, our findings provide evidence of the effects of triacontanol on growth, development, and stress tolerance, shedding light on its mechanism of action and providing new insights into its potential in agricultural practices.
Evaluating the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Xianzi , Fang Zilong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obesity, providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to utilize these markers in developing exercise prescriptions for this group. The study was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI and only including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of different exercise interventions on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese people. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool and the data was analyzed using Stata 15.1 data analysis software. The RCTs were collected from January 2017 to March 2024. A total of 56 RCTs were included and the results of 10 outcomes were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The total sample size used in the study was 3193 The results showed that resistance training significantly reduced total cholesterol (SUCRA: 99.9%), triglycerides (SUCRA: 100.0%), low-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%), systolic pressure (SUCRA: 92.5%), and increased high-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%). Aerobic exercise significantly reduced insulin (SUCRA: 89.1%) and HbA1c (SUCRA: 95.3%). Concurrent training significantly reduced HOMA-IR (SUCRA: 93.8%), diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 71.2%) and Glucose (SUCRA: 87.6%). Exercise has a significant impact on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese. Compared with no exercise, exercise lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HbA1c, and increases HDL in people with overweight and obese. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions aimed at weight reduction and the prevention of chronic diseases in individuals with overweight and obese.
Identifying critical components for railways rolling stock reliability: a case study for Iran
Authors: Seyedan Oskouei Seyed Farboud , Abapour Mehdi , Beiraghi Mojtaba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrical railways constitute a vital component of transportation infrastructure worldwide, with rolling stock representing a key element of these systems. Given the extensive operational hours of such systems, effective maintenance scheduling and asset management are imperative to ensure reliability and safety while mitigating costs. This paper addresses the challenge of optimizing maintenance practices for railway rolling stock by introducing a novel implementation of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) grounded in the reliability block diagram (RBD) framework. This methodology meticulously incorporates reliability parameters into maintenance strategies, aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of railway systems. Leveraging the criticality index, the study identifies components crucial for train reliability, facilitating cost-effective maintenance management. The proposed approach is applied and validated on the Tabriz line 1 metro in Iran, a system with over six years of operational history. Analysis reveals the bogie subsystem's criticality due to its interconnected components, with parts exhibiting significant mean time to repair (MTTR). Conversely, the brake system emerges as the most reliable subsystem. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates an inverse relationship between repair rates and component sensitivity, highlighting the pivotal role of efficient repair processes in bolstering system reliability. This research contributes a comprehensive and validated methodology for RCM in railway rolling stock, emphasizing cost reduction, system reliability, and strategic prioritization of maintenance efforts. As the approached method in this research is not limited to the specific case study and can be applied in any system by generating the RBD and reliability parameters of the system we want to study The findings hold significant implications for the global planning and execution of railway maintenance operations, setting a new standard for reliability-centered maintenance practices in the field.
Exploring nonlinearity in quarter car models with an experimental approach to formulating fractional order form and its dynamic analysis
Authors: Molla Tadios , Duraisamy Prakash , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Karthikeyan Anitha , Boulaaras Salah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the inherent nonlinearity of quarter car models by employing an experimental and numerical approach. The dynamics of vehicular suspension systems are pivotal for ensuring passenger comfort, vehicle stability, and overall ride quality. In this paper we assessed the impact of various parameters and components on suspension performance, enabled the optimization of ride comfort, stability, and handling characteristics. Firstly, experimental analysis allowed for the investigation of factors that are challenging to model theoretically, such as stiffness nonlinearity and damping characteristics, which may vary under different operating conditions. Time domain and frequency response diagram of the model has been obtained. Secondly, a quarter-car with single degree-of-freedom presented and investigated in fractional order form. Fractional order dynamics emphasize nonlinearities in quarter car models, capturing real-world dynamics effectively. The proposed fractional-order nonlinear quarter car model employed Caputo derivative. For numerical analysis of fractional order system, the Adam–Bashforth–Moulton method is used and the disturbance of road assumed to be stochastic. Results show that the dynamic response of the vehicle can be chaotic. Influence of road roughness amplitude and frequency on vehicle vibration is investigated.
A successional shift enhances stability in ant symbiont communities
Authors: Parmentier Thomas , Bonte Dries , De Laender Frederik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThroughout succession, communities undergo structural shifts, which can alter the relative abundances of species and how they interact. It is frequently asserted that these alterations beget stability, i.e. that succession selects for communities better able to resist perturbations. Yet, whether and how alterations of network structure affect stability during succession in complex communities is rarely studied in natural ecosystems. Here, we explore how network attributes influence stability of different successional stages of a natural network: symbiotic arthropod communities forming food webs inside red wood ant nests. We determined the abundance of 16 functional groups within the symbiont community across 51 host nests in the beginning and end stages of succession. Nest age was the main driver of the compositional shifts: symbiont communities in old nests contained more even species abundance distributions and a greater proportion of specialists. Based on the abundance data, we reconstructed interaction matrices and food webs of the symbiont community for each nest. We showed that the enhanced community evenness in old nests leads to an augmented food web stability in all but the largest symbiont communities. Overall, this study demonstrates that succession begets stability in a natural ecological network by making the community more even.
Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry in non-Hermitian Dirac materials
Authors: Juričić Vladimir , Roy Bitan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLorentz space–time symmetry represents a unifying feature of the fundamental forces, typically manifest at sufficiently high energies, while in quantum materials it emerges in the deep low-energy regime. However, its fate in quantum materials coupled to an environment thus far remained unexplored. We here introduce a general framework of constructing symmetry-protected Lorentz-invariant non-Hermitian (NH) Dirac semimetals (DSMs), realized by invoking masslike anti-Hermitian Dirac operators to its Hermitian counterpart. Such NH DSMs feature purely real or imaginary isotropic linear band dispersion, yielding a vanishing density of states. Dynamic mass orderings in NH DSMs thus take place for strong Hubbard-like local interactions through a quantum phase transition, hosting a non-Fermi liquid, beyond which the system becomes an insulator. We show that depending on the internal Clifford algebra between the NH Dirac operator and candidate mass order-parameter, the resulting quantum-critical fluid either remains coupled with the environment or recovers full Hermiticity by decoupling from the bath, while always enjoying an emergent Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry in terms of a unique terminal velocity. We showcase the competition between such mass orderings, their hallmarks on quasi-particle spectra in the ordered phases, and the relevance of our findings for correlated designer NH Dirac materials.
A survey on detection and localisation of false data injection attacks in smart grids
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Sadighian Alireza , Tanveer Adeen , Al‐Naimi Shaikha J. , Oligeri Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the recent years, cyberattacks to smart grids are becoming more frequent. Among the many malicious activities that can be launched against smart grids, the False Data Injection (FDI) attacks have raised significant concerns from both academia and industry. FDI attacks can affect the (internal) state estimation process—critical for smart grid monitoring and control—thus being able to bypass conventional Bad Data Detection (BDD) methods. Hence, prompt detection and precise localisation of FDI attacks are becoming of paramount importance to ensure smart grids security and safety. Several papers recently started to study and analyse this topic from different perspectives and address existing challenges. Data‐driven techniques and mathematical modelling are the major ingredients of the proposed approaches. The primary objective is to provide a systematic review and insights into FDI attacks joint detection and localisation approaches considering that other surveys mainly concentrated on the detection aspects without detailed coverage of localisation aspects. For this purpose, more than 40 major research contributions were selected and inspected, while conducting a detailed analysis of the methodology and objectives in relation to the FDI attacks detection and localisation. Key findings of the identified papers were provided according to different criteria, such as employed FDI attacks localisation techniques, utilised evaluation scenarios, investigated FDI attack types, application scenarios, adopted methodologies and the use of additional data. Finally, open issues and future research directions were discussed.
X‐band quasi class‐F HPA MMIC using DynaFET GaN HEMT modelling
Authors: Jeong Junhyung , Cho Kyujun , Ji Honggu , Chang Woojin , Lee Jongmin , Min Byoung‐gue , Kang Dongmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an X‐band quasi Class‐F high power amplifier (HPA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) using DynaFET gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) modelling. To enhance efficiency, a novel quasi Class‐F output matching circuit is proposed. DynaFET modelling for GaN HEMT is utilized for accurate HPA MMIC design. The proposed quasi Class‐F HPA MMIC, fabricated using ETRI's 0.15 µm GaN process, achieves an output power of 43.5∼44.5 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 36∼40.7% within the 9.1∼10.3 GHz frequency bandwidth.
Auditory filterbank denoising neural network for speech enhancement in wearable auditory device
Authors: Kim Seon Man 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, a speech enhancing neural network (NN) is proposed, which is designed for monaural auditory devices, specifically designed for use in hearing aids. Herein, a 32‐channel auditory filterbank (FB) is first implemented with an algorithm processing delay of 8 ms, which is tailored to meet the requirements of auditory devices. The proposed method primarily aims to integrate a denoising NN within the analysis phase of a uniform polyphase discrete Fourier transform (DFT) FB, aimed at enhancing speech within each band. For the denoising model, complex‐valued convolutional NNs have been applied, specifically targeting the restoration of speech phase information based on the spectral components of the DFT. A multi‐loss method is introduced, which is designed to further account for the loss of analysed speech signals within the split bands during the training process, leveraging the DFT FB strategy. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, objective assessments of speech intelligibility and quality scores are conducted under various noise conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the existing method across all types of noise.
Study of MoN gate impact on GaN high electron mobility transistor
Authors: Zhang Lixing , Lv BeiBei , Ding Xu , Yu Faxin , Mo Jiongjiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this letter, molybdenum nitride (MoN) gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT has been investigated with MoN developed in various physical vapour deposition (PVD) conditions. The Schottky gate is studied through forward and reverse characteristics with different processed MoN, which is compared with the standard Ni gate. Similar DC and radio frequency (RF) performances are obtained with MoN and Ni gate, while MoN demonstrated higher reliability than Ni gate through RF aging test.
An analytical calculation method of SiC MOSFET junction temperature based on thermal network theory and Laplace transform
Authors: Wang Lina , Qiu Hongcheng , Zhang Liman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order for full utilization of the switching devices and safe continued operation of the power converter at the same time, the junction temperature of the switching devices needs to be accurately monitored without shutting down the motor drive. This paper derives an analytical junction temperature calculation method by using Laplace transformation and thermal network theory. Based on an actual motor drive, a simulation model is established using platform for power electronic systems (PLECS). Through comparison, the derived method is proven to be able to calculate junction temperature accurately.
Investigation and analysis of demand response approaches, bottlenecks, and future potential capabilities for IoT‐enabled smart grid
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adnan , Khan Tahir , Waseem Muhammad , Saleh Ahmed Mohammed , Qamar Nouman , Muqeet Hafiz Abdul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSignificant attempts have been made to make the electrical grid more intelligent and responsive to better meet customers' requirements while boosting the stability and efficiency of current power systems. Smart grid technologies, which have just recently emerged, facilitated the incorporation of demand response (DR) by introducing an information and communication backbone to the current system. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key technology for smart energy grids. Security concerns have emerged as a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of IoT‐enabled devices because of the inherent Internet connectivity of these smart gadgets. Therefore, security is a crucial factor to address before the widespread implementation of IoT‐based devices in power grids. In this study, the framework and architecture of smart grids that are enabled by the IoT are first examined. Then, the role of IoT for DR in smart grids and different approaches adopted worldwide to make DR schemes more effective, have been discussed in detail. Finally, the authors discuss how IoT‐enabled smart grids can benefit from cutting‐edge solutions and technologies that make them more secure and resistant to cyber and physical attacks.
Presentation of Meibomian Acini Compared to Dermal Papillae of the Eyelid Margin, Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Corresponding Histology
Authors: Csorba A. , Imre L. , Szalai I. , Lukáts O. , Fodor E. , Szabó A. , Nagy Z. Z. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the eyelid margin using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and have presented morphological alterations of the examined structures, which were presumed to be Meibomian acini. However, recent data confirm that these structures are the cross-sections of dermal papillae of the dermoepidermal junction. This study aims to present the morphological appearance of Meibomian acini examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy in comparison to dermal papillae, and to reveal the corresponding patterns with specific histological sections.
Methods and Material Twenty healthy patients were examined with a CLSM device in vivo at the marginal edge of the eyelid. Twenty-two samples of full-thickness eyelid wedges from 22 patients treated surgically with ectropion were collected, of which 11 freshly excised samples were imaged on the incision surface with CLSM ex vivo and 11 eyelids underwent conventional histological preparation. The represented structures on CLSM images were compared to Meibomian acini on histological sections in terms of area, longest and shortest diameter, as well as depth and density.
Results On in vivo CLSM images, Meibomian orifices, epidermal cells, and dermal connective tissue could be identified, the latter in a cross-sectional view of the dermal papillae surrounded by basal cells of the epidermis, forming reflective ring-like structures. All morphological parameters of these structures differed from Meibomian acini measured on histological sections. In contrast, the CLSM images of the incision surface showed acinar units with the same morphology as the Meibomian acini seen in the histological images and no statistically significant difference was found between the corresponding parameters.
Conclusion The morphological appearance of Meibomian acini differs from the structures that were previously presumed as Meibomian glands on CLSM images. In vivo imaging of Meibomian glands by commonly used in vivo CLSM cannot be performed.
Observation of Unexplained Cases of Unilateral Upper Eyelid Retraction from Idiopathic Inflammation or an Atypical Form of Gravesʼ Orbitopathy
Authors: Schuh Anna , Bayerl-Löhe Katharina , Hintschich Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background We observed cases of unilateral upper eyelid retraction (UER) with unclear pathogenesis, where a definitive diagnosis of Gravesʼ orbitopathy (GO) could not be made and other pathologies were ruled out. The aim is to present patientsʼ findings, discuss possible underlying mechanisms, and to describe diagnostic testing and therapeutic approaches.
Patients and Methods Patients were retrospectively analyzed who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of LMU Munich between 2016 and 2021 without a definitive diagnosis of GO or other pathological causes.
Results Thirteen patients with unexplained UER were included; all showed thickening of the levator complex in imaging. When biopsy was performed, no malignancy could be detected. Therapeutic strategies included oral steroids and surgical upper eyelid blepharotomy.
Conclusion As regards to pathogenesis, in 7/13 patients, a condition of idiopathic UER due to an idiopathic inflammatory response can be postulated rather than a variant of GO.
Woran stirbt der schwerverletzte Patient: eine Analyse aus 30 Jahren TraumaRegister DGU
Authors: Lefering Rolf , Bieler Dan 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAn schweren Verletzungen versterben jedes Jahr Tausende von Personen in Deutschland. Aber woran versterben diese Patienten? Neben dem eigentlichen Trauma haben der prätraumatische Gesundheitsstatus, das Lebensalter und weitere Faktoren Einfluss auf das Versterben nach Trauma. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht die Frage zu beantworten, woran ein Schwerverletzter verstirbt.Für diese Publikation wurden neben bereits publizierten Ergebnissen auch aktuelle Daten von Patienten aus deutschen Kliniken der Jahre 2015–2022 (8 Jahre) aus dem TraumaRegister DGU® betrachtet. Insbesondere wurde das Merkmal „Vermutliche Todesursache“, das 2015 eingeführt wurde, betrachtet. Früh weiterverlegte Patienten (< 48 h) und leicht verletzte Patienten, die nicht dem Basiskollektiv angehören, wurden bei der Analyse ausgeschlossen.Die Anzahl von Todesfällen nimmt mit der Zeit ab und entspricht nicht einer früher postulierten trimodalen Sterblichkeitsverteilung. Über die Zeit zeigt die Verteilung der Todesursachen jedoch deutliche Unterschiede. In über der Hälfte der Fälle (54%) war das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) die vermutete Todesursache, gefolgt vom Organversagen (24%) und von der Hämorrhagie (9%). Das SHT dominiert vor allem in der 1. Woche, die Hämorrhagie in den ersten 24 h, und das Organversagen als Ursache nimmt mit der Zeit stetig zu.Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass das Risiko, an den Traumafolgen zu versterben, in den ersten Minuten, Stunden und Tagen am größten ist und mit der Zeit stetig abnimmt. Insbesondere das Ausmaß der Verletzungen sowie der relevante Blutverlust gehören dabei zu den frühen Risikofaktoren.