bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents
Authors: Mnyone Ladslaus L , Lyimo Issa N , Lwetoijera Dickson W , Mpingwa Monica W , Nchimbi Nuru , Hancock Penelope A , Russell Tanya L , Kirby Matthew J , Takken Willem , Koenraadt Constantianus JM 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. Mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were applied using five different techniques that each exploited the behaviour of malaria mosquitoes when entering, host-seeking or resting in experimental huts in a malaria endemic area of rural Tanzania.

Results
Survival of mosquitoes was reduced by 39-57% relative to controls after forcing upward house-entry of mosquitoes through fungus treated baffles attached to the eaves or after application of fungus-treated surfaces around an occupied bed net (bed net strip design). Moreover, 68 to 76% of the treatment mosquitoes showed fungal growth and thus had sufficient contact with fungus treated surfaces. A population dynamic model of malaria-mosquito interactions shows that these infection rates reduce malaria transmission by 75-80% due to the effect of fungal infection on adult mortality alone. The model also demonstrated that even if a high proportion of the mosquitoes exhibits outdoor biting behaviour, malaria transmission was still significantly reduced.

Conclusions
Entomopathogenic fungi strongly affect mosquito survival and have a high predicted impact on malaria transmission. These entomopathogens represent a viable alternative for malaria control, especially if they are used as part of an integrated vector management strategy.
Iterative algorithms for minimum-norm fixed point of non-expansive mapping in hilbert space
Authors: Cai Yong , Tang Yuchao , Liu Liwei 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to introduce two iterative algorithms for finding the least norm fixed point of nonexpansive mappings. We provide two algorithms, one implicit and another explicit, from which strong convergence theorems are obtained in Hilbert spaces. Then we apply these algorithms to solve some convex optimization problems. Furthermore, we use them to solve some split feasibility problems. The results of this article extend and improve several results presented in the literature in the recent past.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 47H09; 47H10; 90C25.
Coupled fixed point theorems for generalized Mizoguchi-Takahashi contractions with applications
Authors: Ćirić Ljubomir , Damjanović Boško , Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We derive some new coupled fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractive maps that satisfied a generalized Mizoguchi-Takahashi's condition in the setting of ordered metric spaces. Presented theorems extends and generalize many well-known results in the literature. As an application, we give an existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution to a two-point boundary value problem.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54H25; 47H10.
Orthogonal inactivation of influenza and the creation of detergent resistant viral aggregates: towards a novel vaccine strategy
Authors: Belanger Julie M , Raviv Yossef , Viard Mathias , Baxa Ulrich , Blumenthal Robert 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
It has been previously shown that enveloped viruses can be inactivated using aryl azides, such as 1-iodo-5-azidonaphthalene (INA), plus UVA irradiation with preservation of surface epitopes in the inactivated virus preparations. Prolonged UVA irradiation in the presence of INA results in ROS-species formation, which in turn results in detergent resistant viral protein fractions.

Results
Herein, we characterize the applicability of this technique to inactivate influenza. It is shown that influenza virus + INA (100 micromolar) + UVA irradiation for 30 minutes results in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in pelletablehemagglutinin after Triton X-100 treatment followed by ultracentrifugation. Additionally, characterization of the virus suspension by immunogold labeling in cryo-EM, and viral pellet characterization via immunoprecipitation with a neutralizing antibody, shows preservation of neutralization epitopes after this treatment.

Conclusion
These orthogonally inactivated viral preparations with detergent resistant fractions are being explored as a novel route for safe, effective inactivated vaccines generated from a variety of enveloped viruses.
The dangers of damage control orthopedics: a case report of vascular injury after femoral fracture external fixation
Authors: Staeheli Gregory R , Fraser Michael R , Morgan Steven J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Placement of external fixation frames is an expedient and minimally invasive method of achieving bone and joint stability in the setting of severe trauma. Although anatomic safe zones are established for placement of external fixation pins, neurovascular structures may be at risk in the setting of severe trauma.

Case report
We present a case of a 21-year-old female involved in a high speed motorcycle accident who sustained a Type IIIB open segmental femur fracture with significant thigh soft tissue injury. Damage control orthopedic principals were applied and a spanning external fixator placed for provisional femoral stabilization. Intraoperative vascular examination noted absent distal pulses, however an intraoperative angiogram showed arterial flow distal to the trifurcation. Immediately postoperatively the dorsalis pedis pulse was detected using Doppler ultrasound but was then non-detectable over the preceding 12-hours. Femoral artery CT angiogram revealed iatrogenic superficial femoral artery occlusion due to kinking of the artery around an external fixator pin. Although the pin causing occlusion was placed under direct visualization, the degree of soft tissue injury altered the appearance of the local anatomy. The pin was subsequently revised allowing the artery to travel in its anatomic position, restoring perfusion.

Conclusion
This case highlights the dangers associated with damage control orthopedics, especially when severe trauma alters normal local anatomy. Careful assessment of external fixator pin placement is crucial to avoiding iatrogenic injury. We recommend a thorough vascular examination pre-operatively and prior to leaving the operating room, which allows any abnormalities to be further evaluated while the patient remains in a controlled environment. When an unrecognized iatrogenic injury occurs, serial postoperative neurovascular examinations allow early recognition and corrective actions.
High-throughput detection of aberrant imprint methylation in the ovarian cancer by the bisulphite PCR-Luminex method
Authors: Hiura Hitoshi , Okae Hiroaki , Kobayash Hisato , Miyauchi Naoko , Sato Fumi , Sato Akiko , Suzuki Fumihiko , Nagase Satoru , Sugawara Junichi , Nakai Kunihiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Arima Takahiro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Aberrant DNA methylation leads to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or loss of imprinting (LOI) as the first hit during human carcinogenesis. Recently we developed a new high-throughput, high-resolution DNA methylation analysis method, bisulphite PCR-Luminex (BPL), using sperm DNA and demonstrated the effectiveness of this novel approach in rapidly identifying methylation errors.

Results
In the current study, we applied the BPL method to the analysis of DNA methylation for identification of prognostic panels of DNA methylation cancer biomarkers of imprinted genes. We found that the BPL method precisely quantified the methylation status of specific DNA regions in somatic cells. We found a higher frequency of LOI than LOH. LOI at IGF2, PEG1 and H19 were frequent alterations, with a tendency to show a more hypermethylated state. We detected changes in DNA methylation as an early event in ovarian cancer. The degree of LOI (LOH) was associated with altered DNA methylation at IGF2/H19 and PEG1.

Conclusions
The relative ease of BPL method provides a practical method for use within a clinical setting. We suggest that DNA methylation of H19 and PEG1 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) may provide novel biomarkers useful for screening, diagnosis and, potentially, for improving the clinical management of women with human ovarian cancer.
Patterns of c-reactive protein RATIO response in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study
Authors: Coelho Luís M , Salluh Jorge IF , Soares Márcio , Bozza Fernando A , Verdeal JuanCarlos R , Castro-Faria-Neto Hugo C , Lapa e Silva José Roberto , Bozza Patrícia T , Póvoa Pedro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission remains a severe medical condition, presenting ICU mortality rates reaching 30%. The aim of this study was to assess the value of different patterns of C-reactive protein (CRP)-ratio response to antibiotic therapy in patients with severe CAP requiring ICU admission as an early maker of outcome.

Methods
In total, 191 patients with severe CAP were prospectively included and CRP was sampled every other day from D1 to D7 of antibiotic prescription. CRP-ratio was calculated in relation to D1 CRP concentration. Patients were classified according to an individual pattern of CRP-ratio response with the following criteria: fast response - when D5 CRP was less than or equal to 0.4 of D1 CRP concentration; slow response - when D5 CRP was > 0.4 and D7 less than or equal to 0.8 of D1 CRP concentration; nonresponse - when D7 CRP was > 0.8 of D1 CRP concentration. Comparison between ICU survivors and non-survivors was performed.

Results
CRP-ratio from D1 to D7 decreased faster in survivors than in non-survivors (p = 0.01). The ability of CRP-ratio by D5 to predict ICU outcome assessed by the area under the ROC curve was 0.73 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.64 - 0.82). By D5, a CRP concentration above 0.5 of the initial level was a marker of poor outcome (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.58, positive likelihood ratio 1.93, negative likelihood ratio 0.33). The time-dependent analysis of CRP-ratio of the three patterns (fast response n = 66; slow response n = 81; nonresponse n = 44) was significantly different between groups (p < 0.001). The ICU mortality rate was considerably different according to the patterns of CRP-ratio response: fast response 4.8%, slow response 17.3% and nonresponse 36.4% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In severe CAP, sequential evaluation of CRP-ratio was useful in the early identification of patients with poor outcome. The evaluation of CRP-ratio pattern of response to antibiotics during the first week of therapy was useful in the recognition of the individual clinical evolution.
Hetero Bi-Paddle-Wheel Coordination Networks: A New Synthetic Route to Rh-Containing Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Matsunaga Satoshi , Hasada Ken-ichi , Sugiura Kenji , Kitamura Naoki , Kudo Yuri , Endo Nanako , Mori Wasuke 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We have successfully synthesized rhodium-containing MOFs with 1:1 abundance ratios of paddle-wheel units of Rh2 and Cu2/Zn2, i.e., [Rh2M2(1,4-bdc)4]·nSolvent (M = Cu: RhCu-DMF, RhCu-EtOH; M = Zn: RhZn-DMF; 1,4-bdc: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) by a novel synthetic method involving assembly of discrete paddle-wheel dirhodium(II) tetra(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions. The diffraction patterns of these complexes were very similar to the predicted and experimental XRPD patterns reported for [Cu2(1,4-bdc)2]. This result indicates that this method enables the incorporation of coordinatively unsaturated noble-metal sites for the many reported MOFs with multi-carboxy ligands and paddle-wheel nodes.
Low-Temperature Complete Combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds over Novel Pt/CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Yasuda Keisuke , Yoshimura Atsuki , Katsuma Atsushi , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ethylene, toluene, and acetaldehyde over novel Pt/CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by a coprecipitation method was investigated. The introduction of a small amount of SnO2 within the CeO2–ZrO2 lattice as a promoter was considerably effective to enhance the oxygen release and storage abilities of the catalysts, so that complete oxidation of VOCs was markedly activated. This improvement of the reducibility of the catalyst can be ascribed to the simultaneous reduction of Ce4+ and Sn4+ in the CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2 solid solutions. By the optimization of the composition and the Pt amount, complete oxidation of ethylene, toluene, and acetaldehyde was realized at temperatures as low as 55, 110, and 140 °C over a Pt(10 wt %)/Ce0.68Zr0.17Sn0.15O2.0(16 wt %)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, respectively.
Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane Assisted by Electric Power over a Semiconductor Catalyst
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Sekine Yasushi , Oshima Kazumasa , Tanaka Yoshitaka , Matsukata Masahiko , Kikuchi Eiichi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on La2O3 semiconductor catalysts at 423 K external temperature was investigated. DC power supplied from two electrodes in a catalyst bed enabled stable and selective production of C2H6 and C2H4 over Sr–La2O3 (Sr/La = 1/200 and 1/20), but plasma reactions proceeded over other catalysts. The electrical conductivity of the semiconductor catalyst was important for controlling this reaction. A high yield of C2 (49% selectivity, 51.3% O2 conversion) was obtained using 2.7 W of electricity at a lower external temperature (423 K).
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Polymer Based on 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Unit
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu , Douvogianni Evgenia , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A novel conjugated polymer based on cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene and 1,3,4-thiadiazole with two electron-withdrawing imine (C=N) nitrogen atoms in a five-membered ring has been synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. Optical band gap of the polymer estimated from the absorption edge was found to be 1.77 eV. The photovoltaic device consisting of the polymer and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.06% under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation of 100 mW cm−2.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Ortho-selective Aromatic C–H Silylation: Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes
Authors: Sakurai Toru , Matsuoka Yusuke , Hanataka Tsurugi , Fukuyama Naoaki , Namikoshi Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji , Murata Miki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling of 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane with aromatic compounds such as aryloxazolines and arylimines in the presence of a catalytic amount of [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 gave the corresponding ortho-silylated products in good yields.
Y-branched TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Made by a Simplified Two-step Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation Method
Authors: Yang Xu , Qu Yi , Fan Yi , Liu Xingyuan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Perpendicularly aligned and highly ordered Y-branched TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by a simplified two-step electrochemical anodic oxidation method via reducing the anodizing voltage. The optimized growth-voltage range is between 28 and 20 V. Different cross-sectional morphologies can be observed when the nanotube arrays are anodized under different voltage ranges. We illustrate here the synthesis process of Y-branched TiO2 nanotubes and a possible growth mechanism that leads to a variety of tubular branching morphologies.
Nanotemplate Prepared by Means of Vacuum Ultraviolet Patterning of Alkylsilane Self-assembled Monolayer on ITO Using a Porous Alumina Mask: Application to the Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Yang Jeonghyeon , Ichii Takashi , Murase Kuniaki , Sugimura Hiroyuki , Kondo Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been arranged on a nanotemplate prepared on indium tin oxide substrate. This template, consisting of circular areas of about 200 nm in diameter hexagonally assembled with an interval of 450 nm, was prepared by using an anodic porous alumina membrane mask and vacuum ultraviolet light at 172 nm. The site-selective immobilization of AuNPs was controlled with the electrostatic affinity difference of AuNPs toward functionalized surface characterized by self-assembled monolayer.
Highly Luminescent Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanoparticles Synthesized with Porous Alumina Media
Authors: Kojima Akihiro , Ikegami Masashi , Teshima Kenjiro , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Nanocrystalline lead bromide perovskite was synthesized by rapid self-organization on a mesoporous aluminum oxide film. With UV excitation, the film exhibited an intense green emission with a narrow bandwidth. The photoluminescence intensity is optimized for the conditions of synthesis and the kind of metal oxide.
Synthesis of Triazole-linked Analogues of RNA (TLRNA)
Authors: Fujino Tomoko , Endo Kenta , Yamazaki Naomi , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A triazole-linked analogue of RNA (TLRNA) has been developed. Monomeric ribonucleoside analogues bearing natural nucleobases were prepared from d-xylose to afford the elongating units in gram quantities. The puckering of the monomeric analogues was similar to that of natural ribonucleosides and preferred the North-type conformation. An efficient elongation reaction via the copper-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition on a solid support was used for the synthesis of trinucleotides.
Design and Synthesis of 3-(2-Ethyl-4-{2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl]ethoxy}phenyl)propanoic Acid: A Novel Triple-acting PPARα, -γ, and -δ Agonist
Authors: Zhang Qijun , Sun Peng , Zheng Guojun , Wang Yaping , Wang Xiangjing , Wei Hegeng , Xiang Wensheng 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The design and synthesis of triple-acting PPARα, -γ, and -δ agonist 3-(2-ethyl-4-{2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl]ethoxy}phenyl)propanoic acid (1a) is described. The compound possesses a potent triple-acting PPARα, -γ, and -δ agonist profile with an EC50 of 0.029, 0.013, and 0.029 µM, respectively. The synthetic route, involving the synthesis of oxazole rings as the key step, starts from commercially available 3-oxopentanoic acid methyl ester and 3-hydroxyacetophenone to afford the target compound 1 with an overall yield of 32%.
Consumer Responses to Legal Music Download Services that Compete with Illegal Alternatives
Authors: Clement Michel , Rangaswamy Arvind , Vadali Srikant 
Published: March 2012

Several legal music download services, including some that are free (e.g., Spotify), are now available to consumers. These services may be viewed as “new service interventions” that could potentially change the mental models of consumers toward illegal file sharing and result in fewer downloads of illegal music files. We apply the theories of planned behavior and cognitive dissonance to articulate hypotheses regarding how such new services would change mental models of consumers for illegal music downloading. We test our hypotheses using data from two natural field experiments at a U.S. university and apply partial least squares estimation with difference-in-differences measures to test our hypotheses. We find that the introduction of legal music downloading services reduces the extent of favorable attitudes toward illegal file sharing and weakens the relationship between attitude and intent, because of which favorable attitudes toward illegal file sharing do not necessarily translate into a stronger intent to engage in illegal file sharing. However, these new services also strengthen the relationship between the perceived benefits of file sharing and reinforce their positive impact on intent to file share for those who engage in higher levels of illegal file sharing before using the new service. Our results suggest that it is important to introduce legal alternatives that are at least on par with the illegal alternatives in terms of their features and benefits, and to do so before too many consumers become used to the illegal alternatives.
Erfassung und Erkennung menschlicher Aktionen durch Tracking von Bewegungsmerkmalen
Authors: Back Kristine , Puente León Fernando 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die videobasierte Analyse menschlicher Aktivitäten ist für immer mehr technische Anwendungen von großem Interesse. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, welche aus einem Video Informationen über eine ausgeführte Aktion durch das Verfolgen von Bewegungsmerkmalen extrahiert. Mittels örtlicher und zeitlicher Filterung werden Regionen in einer Bildfolge detektiert, an denen eine starke Bewegungsintensität vorliegt. Die so erhaltenen Merkmalspunkte werden mittels des Mean-Shift-Verfahrens bei Verwendung von Bewegungs- und Farbinformationen über der Zeit verfolgt. Aus den so gewonnenen Punktverläufen werden dynamische Modelle für verschiedene Aktionsarten gebildet, welche schließlich zur Klassifikation verwendet werden.
Vektorielles Messen und Modellieren von magnetischer Hysterese
Authors: Sutor Alexander , Kallwies Jan , Lerch Reinhard 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Qualität numerischer Simulationen ist in entscheidender Weise von den verwendeten Materialmodellen und deren Parametern abhängig. Nur mit guten Modellbeschreibungen kann das Verhalten von Bauteilen, wie Sensoren und Aktoren, zuverlässig vorausberechnet werden. Werden magnetische Materialien sehr hoch ausgesteuert, was bei einem effizienten Einsatz des Materials im Aktorbetrieb notwendig ist, so sind Hystereseerscheinungen nicht mehr zu vernachlässigen. Man benötigt also Modelle, die diese Hystereseerscheinungen abbilden können, sowie Daten für die Modellparameter. Daher sind Messverfahren notwendig, mit denen diese Modellparameter zuverlässig bestimmt werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Messplatz zur vektoriellen Erfassung von magnetischer Hysterese vorgestellt, das sogenannte Vector-Vibrating-Sample-Magnetometer (VVSM). Die Messergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Messmethoden verglichen. Dieser Messplatz dient dazu, die Parameter für ein neues, vektorielles Hysteresemodell zu ermitteln. Das von uns vorgeschlagene Modell basiert auf dem klassischen Preisach-Hysteresemodell. Dieses skalare Modell wird um einen Drehoperator erweitert, der den einzelnen Preisach-Gewichten eine Richtung zuordnet. Die Verifizierung des Modells erfolgt für unterschiedliche Materialien durch einen Vergleich mit den VVSM-Messungen.