bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case History: Automated Drilling Performance Measurement of Crews and Drilling Equipment
Authors: Andersen Ketil , Sjøwall Per Arild , Maidla Eric , King Buddy , Thonhauser Gerhard , Zöllner Philipp 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of a unique new capability to automatically measure the performance of drilling crews, drilling equipment and downtime. The methodology and supporting technology make it possible to carry out a detailed comparison of the performance of equipment and crews across a large number of installations. The system was tested on 8 drilling units (fixed and mobile) in the North Sea.
When the data is analysed and plotted as a histogram (frequency against time taken for each task) the information provided gives: The management a process to select the best supplier based on the performance of its equipment when compared to the technical limit of that equipment.The crews the most consistent and efficient way of working (best practice).The management an automated measuring tool to set and follow up the targets for crew performance.A tool that makes ‘hidden down time’ visible, so appropriate actions can be taken to improve performance.A process to see if operations can be eliminated or considerably reduced in time (reaming, circulating, etc).
When it comes to crew handling of the equipment the results show a performance improvement of 30%. There are potential time savings of between 40 to 60% in some individual drilling tasks such as slip to slip connection times and weight to weight connection times. This is achieved by performing each operation in a more efficient and consistent way. Optimizing a number of identified KPIs for drilling, including tripping and casing running times, shows a potential saving of between 8 to 15% of the total well construction time. Automated Drilling Performance Measurement (ADPM) has been proven in over 30 wells on 8 rigs in the North Sea.
This paper also describes the implementation strategy and approach including the elements of the change management and training that are required to implement this new drilling performance process.
A Just Retirement Pension System: Beyond Neoliberalism
Authors: Hyde Mark , Dixon John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article takes issue with the neoliberal conception of justice that has informed much of retirement pension policy in recent decades. Drawing upon an appraisal of a spectrum of liberal philosophical perspectives, it develops an evaluative framework that specifies the appropriate normative foundations of the design of retirement pension systems. We contend that justice is comprised of three core principles: need, which legitimates the social minimum that is necessary to sustain an adequate standard of living for the least advantaged; desert, which provides a justification for allocating income in accordance with differentials in work participation prior to retirement; and equality, which provides a normative rationale for universal citizenship entitlements. Their corresponding design features may be used to assess the degree to which the design of retirement pension systems is consistent with the requirements of distributive justice.
Public Policy, Income Distribution, and Class Warfare
Authors: Stephens G. Ross 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs the result of accumulated public policy, the distribution of personal income in the United States has been drastically altered over the last twenty‐five to thirty years. Over the same period, there have been massive increases in both private and public debt. These changes are important factors behind an unprecedented redistribution of income. While the causes are multiple, one major driving force behind the altered distribution of income is change in the revenue structure of our three levels of government: a) in terms of who pays the taxes and other revenue sources (and who does not), and b) change in emphasis, rates, and revenue sources collected. This presentation and analysis focuses on a) personal income, b) revenue collection across the range personal of income, and c) the incidence of revenue as it relates to business versus personal income and wealth by federal and sub‐national (state and local) governments. Over time, the revenue structure of the federal system has been downloaded on the personal income of middle‐ and low‐income residents. The class war is over. It has already been won ‐ by the very wealthy, the corporate elites, and the multinationals.
The St. Louis 10‐Year Plan to End Chronic Homelessness: Analyzing the Policy from a Social Capital Perspective
Authors: Maram Allan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe St. Louis 10‐year plan to end homelessness was unveiled in 2005. According to Mayor Francis G. Slay, the plan was a new strategy based on best practices. This analysis is not a detailed case study of the St. Louis plan, but rather an examination of the extent to which social capital is one of the plan's key focus areas, and whether it can help address some of the challenges that the plan documents. The study concludes that the principles of social capital can be of importance to other cities seeking to alleviate homelessness.
Poverty in the Twenty‐First Century: Explaining the Need for the New Journal and Describing Its Goals
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMax J. Skidmore, Editor‐in‐Chief of Poverty & Public Policy, explains the need for this new journal and contextualizes its goals. He emphasizes the journal's commitment to making a difference, offering a place for views that may be unorthodox or foreign to mainstream policy studies. He introduces the authors of the inaugural issue, and renews the call for manuscripts of quality for subsequent issues which may include empirical research, case studies, theoretical works, observations by practitioners and public officials, and even soundly‐based thought pieces.
Toxicity of some Indigenous Plant Extracts against <i>Tribolium confusum</i> Duval
Authors: Mahfuz I , Khanam LAM 
Published: March 2009

The efficacy of seven different plant extracts viz. Acorus calamus rhizome, leaves of Datura fastuosa, Datura stramonium and seeds of D. stramonium, Corchorus capsularis, Aphanamixis polystachea and Jatropha curcas on Tribolium confusum adult was studied. Dose mortality experiments were conducted with three solvent (petroleum ether, acetone and methanol) extracts separately but J. curcas seed was tested with petroleum ether extract only. Among three solvents, petroleum ether extract exhibited piquant toxic effect against the beetle at all the intervals although D. fastuosa leaf produces no mortality at 24 hours of treatment. Acetone extract of A. calamus rhizome, D. fastuosa leaf, D. stramonium seed and C. capsularis seed produced mortality at all the intervals but D. stramonium leaf and A. polystachea seed did not show any toxic effect. Methanol extract of C. capsularis seed showed toxicity at all the duration. Key words: Toxic effect, plant extracts, Tribolium confusum. Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2153 J. bio-sci. 15: 133-138, 2007
Incidence of Nematode Infections among the Children brought to ICDDR, B Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Muznebin Farhana , Khanum Hamida , Hossain Anoware 
Published: March 2009

Helminthic infection due to nematodes is a major public health problem in the developing and underdeveloped countries including Bangladesh. This is due to poor hygienic habits and living condition of the majority of the population. The common nematodes found in Bangladesh are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale etc. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancylostomiasis appear to flourish in the communities where the socio-economic status is dominated by poverty, poor housing, insufficient sanitation and a need of health education (Crompton 1988). Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2157 Â J. bio-sci. 15: 159-164, 2007
L'engagement des professionnels comme conséquence de tensions consubstantielles à leur pratique : l'architecture moderne entre les deux guerres
Authors: Champy Florent 
Published: March 2009

Résumé En 1928, des architectes de plusieurs pays d'Europe se regroupent pour créer les Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Leurs réunions périodiques et leurs réflexions contribuent ensuite à la naissance de l'urbanisme et de l'architecture modernes qui dominent la production architecturale des années 1950 à 1970, provoquant une bifurcation de l'histoire de la discipline. La plupart de ces architectes sont engagés dans des mouvements socialistes ou révolutionnaires mais le lien entre les CIAM et un positionnement politique à gauche n'est pas pour autant automatique, plusieurs membres importants faisant exception. Aussi l'engagement dans ce mouvement ne peut-il pas être expliqué par des raisons principalement politiques. L'article montre que cet engagement trouve son principal ressort dans des tensions consubstantielles à la pratique architecturale, qui confrontent l'architecte à la nécessité d'opérer des choix d'ordre politique. De plus, l'utilisation de traités d'architecture, dont celui de Vitruve vieux de plus de vingt siècles, révèle que ces tensions sont anciennes, ce qui conduit à reconsidérer la discontinuité constatée dans l'histoire de l'architecture. La compréhension de l'engagement des architectes modernes comme prolongement direct de l'activité professionnelle permet d'éclairer d'un jour nouveau le constat, formulé par Freidson, d'une forte propension des professionnels à s'engager, et de mettre au jour un type original de professions : les professions à pratique prudentielle.
Vers une histoire transnationale des sciences sociales
Authors: Heilbron Johan , Jeanpierre Laurent , Guilhot Nicolas 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Les comptes rendus historiques du développement des sciences sociales ont trop souvent considéré les institutions locales ou nationales comme le cadre d'analyse pertinent, au lieu de prendre en compte leur insertion dans divers types de relations transnationales. L'évolution des structures de mobilité et d'échanges transnationaux met à mal les distinctions nettes entre le local, le national et l'international, et représente une composante essentielle de la dynamique des sciences sociales, ainsi qu'une perspective prometteuse pour repenser leur développement historique. Dans l'esquisse programmatique qui suit, nous suggérons qu'il est possible de concevoir une histoire transnationale des sciences sociales à partir de trois mécanismes généraux qui ont structuré de façon décisive les flux transnationaux d'individus et d'idées : a) le fonctionnement des institutions scientifiques internationales, b) la mobilité transnationale des universitaires, et c) les politiques d'échanges transnationaux poursuivies par des institutions non-universitaires.
An Efficient Enantioselective Method for Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Hong Liang , Wang Lei , Chen Chao , Zhang Bangzhi , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe Lewis base‐Lewis base bifunctional catalytic system has been developed and successfully applied to the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The reactions are promoted by chiral diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether in the presence of triethylamine. By this protocol, optically active 3‐substituted indoles can be obtained in an organocatalytic process that is free of Lewis or protic acid in high yields with up to 98% ee. Besides, this reaction could be carried out on a gram scale without any loss in the enantioselectivity.
Comparative Reactivity of Hypervalent Iodine Oxidants in Metalloporphyrin‐Catalyzed Oxygenation of Hydrocarbons: Iodosylbenzene Sulfate and 2‐Iodylbenzoic Acid Ester as Safe and Convenient Alternatives to Iodosylbenzene
Authors: Geraskin Ivan M. , Pavlova Olga , Neu Heather M. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA comparative study of the reactivity of 2‐iodylbenzoic acid isopropyl ester (IBX‐ester), oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate [(PhIO)3⋅SO3]n, and iodosylbenzene in the oxygenation of anthracene in the presence of metal porphyrin or phthalocyanine complexes is reported. Results of this study demonstrate that oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate and the IBX‐ester are the most reactive oxygenating reagents that can be used as a safe and convenient alternative to the thermally unstable and potentially explosive iodosylbenzene.
Immobilisation of the Pyrphos Ligand on Soluble Hyperbranched Supports and Use in Rhodium‐Catalysed Hydrogenation in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kassube Jutta K. , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe immobilisation of the pyrphos ligand has been extended from highly symmetric dendrimers to less regular structured hyperbranched poly(ethylene imines). Cationic dendritic pyrphos‐rhodium(norbornadiene) [pyrphos‐Rh(NBD)] complexes have been synthesised using poly(propylene imine) (PPI) and poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as supports bearing between 4 and 64 potential catalytically active sites at their periphery as well as pyrphos‐Rh(NBD) complexes tethered to hyperbranched poly(ethylene imines) carrying on average 9 to 139 functionalities located throughout the whole supporting structure. These immobilised systems have been used as catalysts for the hydrogenation of Z‐methyl α‐acetamidocinnamate. With the PPI, PAMAM, and hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine)‐bound pyrphos‐Rh(NBD) omplexes as catalysts, hydrogenations were carried out in methanol, and a decrease in activity and selectivity was observed with increasing size of the macromolecular support. Furthermore, the polycationic catalysts were tested in a liquid/liquid‐biphasic system consisting of the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate {[BMIM] [BF4]} and isopropyl alcohol. Using the PPI‐, PAMAM‐, and PEI‐immobilised systems, a strong negative “dendritic effect” with increasing molecular size was observed with respect to the catalytic activity, the stereoinduction, and the recyclability. The PPI‐bound rhodium(I)‐complexes of generations one and two showed good reusability; even after triple recycling, with no loss of activity or selectivity being noted. It has been demonstrated that in this case the catalytic behaviour of hyperbranched systems is essentially similar to that of the related dendritic model system.
Dental caries in a Portuguese identified skeletal sample from the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Wasterlain Sofia N. , Hillson Simon , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDental caries was investigated in 600 adult dentitions belonging to the identified osteological collections of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Coimbra, Portugal (late 19th/early 20th centuries). The main advantage of this sample compared to an archaeological source is the presence of known demographic parameters such as age, sex, and occupation. The aim of this study is to investigate the issues involved in comparing caries data derived from archaeological death assemblages with statistics compiled from clinical studies of the living. When only the upper dentition was considered, higher rates were observed in females than in males. No differences were found between sexes for lower teeth. In both sexes, both the percentage of carious teeth and the severity of lesions were found to increase with age, demonstrating that caries activity continued throughout life. The slight decrease observed for the age group 70–79 years is probably due to the increased antemortem tooth loss in the elderly. Caries was most common at contact areas (32.9%) and rarest at smooth crown surfaces (6.5%). Root surface caries was graphed in relation to the exposure of roots, and it was confirmed that the degree of root exposure was not strongly related to the frequency of carious lesions on the exposed root surface, although both increased with age. Molars were attacked more frequently by caries as a whole than premolars, canines or incisors. The results are similar to studies of recent living populations with a limited access to professional dental care. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Not so fast: Speed effects on forelimb kinematics in cercopithecine monkeys and implications for digitigrade postures in primates
Authors: Patel Biren A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTerrestrial mammals are characterized by their digitigrade limb postures, which are proposed to increase effective limb length (ELL) to achieve preferred or higher locomotor speeds more efficiently. Accordingly, digitigrade postures are associated with cursorial locomotion. Unlike most medium‐ to large‐sized terrestrial mammals, terrestrial cercopithecine monkeys lack most cursorial adaptations, but still adopt digitigrade hand postures. This study investigates when and why terrestrial cercopithecine monkeys adopt digitigrade hand postures during quadrupedal locomotion. Three cercopithecine species (Papio anubis, Macaca mulatta, Erythrocebus patas) were videotaped moving unrestrained along a horizontal runway at a range of speeds (0.4–3.4 m/s). Three‐dimensional forelimb kinematic data were recorded during forelimb support. Hand posture was measured as the angle between the metacarpal segments and the ground (MGA). As predicted, a larger MGA was correlated with a longer ELL. At slower speeds, subjects used digitigrade postures (larger MGA), however, contrary to expectations, all subjects used more palmigrade hand postures (smaller MGA) at faster speeds. Digitigrade postures at slower speeds may lower cost of transport by increasing ELL and step lengths. At higher speeds, palmigrade postures may be better suited to spread out high ground reaction forces across a larger portion of the hand thereby potentially decreasing stresses in hand bones. It is concluded that a digitigrade forelimb posture in primates is not an adaptation for high speed locomotion. Accordingly, digitigrady may have evolved for different reasons in primates compared to other mammalian lineages. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Orthorhombic Mo‐V‐Sb Oxide Species by Assembly of Pentagonal Mo6O21 Polyoxometalate Building Blocks
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Yamagata Keiko , Kodato Katsunori , Endo Keisuke , Toriumi Koshiro , Ozawa Yoshiki , Ozeki Tomoji , Nagai Takuro , Matsui Yoshio , Sakaguchi Norihito , Pyrz William D. , Buttrey Douglas J. , Blom Douglas A. , Vogt Thomas , Ueda Wataru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGute Mischung: Der pentagonale Polyoxomolybdat‐Baustein [Mo6O21]n− vereinigt sich mit anderen Mo‐, V‐ und Sb‐haltigen Ionen zu einem orthorhombischen Mo‐V‐Sb‐Oxid. Die erste Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines orthorhombischen Mo‐V‐Mischoxids, das als Katalysator für die selektive Oxidation leichter Alkane infrage kommt, charakterisiert die Struktur der Verbindung.magnified image
Titelbild: Enhancement of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Radical Stability by Peripheral Multidonors on Alkynylpyrene Derivatives (Angew. Chem. 14/2009)
Authors: Oh Jeong‐Wook , Lee Yeon Ok , Kim Tae Hyun , Ko Kyoung Chul , Lee Jin Yong , Kim Hasuck , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEin leistungsstarker Luminophor bestehend aus einem zentrierten Pyren‐Akzeptor mit peripheren Amin‐Donoren beschreiben J. S. Kim und Mitarbeiter in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2560 ff. Die Elektrochemilumineszenz (ECL) und die Radikalstabilität des schwachen ECL‐Luminophors Pyren steigen mit der Zahl peripherer Donoreinheiten. Die ECL‐Verstärkung wird anhand photophysikalischer, elektrochemischer und theoretischer Studien erklärt.magnified image
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Assisted “Gold Cold Fusion” for Fabrication of 2D Web Structures
Authors: Mandal Saikat , Shundo Atsuomi , Acharya Somobrata , Hill Jonathan P. , Ji Qingmin , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKeeping their cool: Fabrication of a 2D weblike nanonetwork of gold was successfully demonstrated through a two‐step procedure including complexation of gold precursors to a weblike supramolecular assembly of surfactant followed by in situ reduction of the precursors to gold. Molecular assemblies stabilized by hydrogen bonding provided a sound template, leading to the highly integrated structure of gold through room‐temperature (cold) nanostructure fusion.magnified image
Effects of natalizumab, an α4 integrin inhibitor, on the development of Hartley guinea pigs
Authors: Wehner Nancy G. , Shopp George , Rocca Meredith S. , Clarke Janet 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody directed against the human α4 integrin subunit, disrupting interaction with its ligands. Natalizumab inhibits the interaction of α4 integrins with fibronectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule‐1, which are of potential importance in development. Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of natalizumab on embryo/fetal development in guinea pigs. METHODS: In the first study, pregnant guinea pigs were treated with intravenous injections of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg natalizumab or vehicle every other day from gestational day (GD) 4 to 30. In the second study, females were treated on alternate days starting at least 28 days prior to mating through GD 30. Fetal examinations and histopathologic examination of the liver, heart, thymus, spleen, and intestinal tract were performed following maternal euthanasia on GD 59–62. RESULTS: Natalizumab had no significant effect on embryo/fetal development in either study. Exposure to natalizumab during organogenesis did not result in treatment‐related external, visceral, or skeletal variations or malformations or histopathologic changes. CONCLUSION: No fetotoxicity or teratogenic effects were attributable to natalizumab in these studies. Birth Defects Res (Part B)86: 98‐107, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of the multi‐targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib during embryo–fetal development in rats and rabbits
Authors: Patyna S. , Haznedar J. , Morris D. , Freshwater K. , Peng G. , Sukbuntherng J. , Chmielewski G. , Matsumoto D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Angiogenesis plays a key role in embryo–fetal development and, based on nonclinical safety data, the majority of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐targeted antiangiogenic agents used in cancer therapy are not recommended during pregnancy. We investigated the effects of sunitinib (an oral inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases [RTKs] including VEGF‐receptors) on embryo–fetal development. METHODS: Presumed‐pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits received repeated daily oral doses of sunitinib (0–30 mg/kg/day), during the major period of organogenesis. Clinical/physical examinations were performed throughout the gestation phase, and blood samples were collected to determine systemic exposure. Necropsy (including uterine examination) was performed on all animals and fetal morphology was examined. RESULTS: The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level was 1–5 mg/kg/day for maternal toxicity and 3 mg/kg/day for developmental toxicity in rats; 1 and 0.5 mg/kg/day, respectively, in rabbits. Embryo–fetal toxicity included decreases in the number of live fetuses and increases in the numbers of resorptions and post‐implantation/complete litter losses; these were observed at doses of ≥5 mg/kg/day in rats and 5 mg/kg/day in rabbits. Malformations included fetal skeletal malformations (generally thoracic/lumbar vertebral alterations) in rats and cleft lip/palate in rabbits. These developmental effects were observed at ∼5.5‐ (rats) and ∼0.3‐times (rabbits) the human systemic exposure at the approved sunitinib dose (50 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS: Similar effects have been reported with the prototype monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. As is typically observed for potent inhibitors of RTKs involved in angiogenesis, sunitinib was associated with embryo–fetal developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits at clinically relevant dose levels. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 33:204–213, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.