bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and optimization of low‐pressure drop static mixers
Authors: Singh Mrityunjay K. , Kang Tae G. , Anderson Patrick D. , Meijer Han E. H. , Hrymak Andy N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVarious designs of the so called Low‐Pressure Drop (LPD) static mixer are analyzed for their mixing performance using the mapping method. The two types of LPD designs, the RR and RL type, show essentially different mixing patterns. The RL design provides globally chaotic mixing, whereas the RR design always yields unmixed regions separated by KAM boundaries from mixed regions. The crossing angle between the elliptical plates of the LPD is the key design parameter to decide the performance of various designs. Four different crossing angles from 90° to 160° are used for both the RR and RL designs. Mixing performance is computed as a function of the energy to mix, reflected in overall pressure drop for all designs. Optimization using the flux‐weighted intensity of segregation versus pressure drop proves the existence of the best mixer with an optimized crossing angle. The optimized angle proves to be indeed the LLPD design used in practice: the RL‐120 with θ = 120°, although RL‐140 θ = 140° performs as good. Shear thinning shows minor effects on the mixing profiles, and the main optimization conclusions remain unaltered. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A comparison of text‐classification techniques applied to Arabic text
Authors: Kanaan Ghassan , Al‐Shalabi Riyad , Ghwanmeh Sameh , Al‐Ma'adeed Hamda 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMany algorithms have been implemented for the problem of text classification. Most of the work in this area was carried out for English text. Very little research has been carried out on Arabic text. The nature of Arabic text is different than that of English text, and preprocessing of Arabic text is more challenging. This paper presents an implementation of three automatic text‐classification techniques for Arabic text. A corpus of 1445 Arabic text documents belonging to nine categories has been automatically classified using the kNN, Rocchio, and naïve Bayes algorithms. The research results reveal that Naïve Bayes was the best performer, followed by kNN and Rocchio.
Exploiting corpus‐related ontologies for conceptualizing document corpora
Authors: Zheng Hai‐Tao , Borchert Charles , Kim Hong‐Gee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAs a greater volume of information becomes increasingly available across all disciplines, many approaches, such as document clustering and information visualization, have been proposed to help users manage information easily. However, most of these methods do not directly extract key concepts and their semantic relationships from document corpora, which could help better illuminate the conceptual structures within given information. To address this issue, we propose an approach called “Clonto” to process a document corpus, identify the key concepts, and automatically generate ontologies based on these concepts for the purpose of conceptualization. For a given document corpus, Clonto applies latent semantic analysis to identify key concepts, allocates documents based on these concepts, and utilizes WordNet to automatically generate a corpus‐related ontology. The documents are linked to the ontology through the key concepts. Based on two test collections, the experimental results show that Clonto is able to identify key concepts, and outperforms four other clustering algorithms. Moreover, the ontologies generated by Clonto show significant informative conceptual structures.
Stabilizing homeless young people with information and place
Authors: Woelfer Jill Palzkill , Hendry David G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we examine how information—particularly, its organization and presentation—and “space” (i.e., a physical location) can be combined to create a particular “place” (i.e., a location adapted to a particular purpose) for engaging and stabilizing homeless young people, aged 13–25. Over 10 months, we used a participatory‐design research approach to investigate how an alliance of nine service agencies used information resources to support homeless young people. We collected 250 information resources and analyzed how these materials were organized and presented at four service agencies. In general, the agencies used ad hoc organizational schemes and presentations that were not in keeping with the key values of the alliance, which include human welfare, respect, trust, autonomy, and sustainability. To improve information delivery and the projection of common values, we followed a two‐step design process. First, based on a card‐sorting activity, we developed a new organizational scheme. Second, we developed four interrelated prototypes for presenting information resources: Rolling Case, InfoBike, Slat Wall, and Infold. To convey the use of these prototypes, three short video scenarios were created to demonstrate how the prototypes would be used by stakeholders, including homeless young people, staff, and volunteers. Feedback from stakeholders suggested that these prototypes, when sufficiently refined, could be useful and operationally viable. By investigating the concept of “place,” reconstituted through organizational schemes and novel presentations of information resources, this work creates possibilities that may allow grassroots service agencies to give more efficient access to information while expressing their values.
Twitter power: Tweets as electronic word of mouth
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Zhang Mimi , Sobel Kate , Chowdury Abdur 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we report research results investigating microblogging as a form of electronic word‐of‐mouth for sharing consumer opinions concerning brands. We analyzed more than 150,000 microblog postings containing branding comments, sentiments, and opinions. We investigated the overall structure of these microblog postings, the types of expressions, and the movement in positive or negative sentiment. We compared automated methods of classifying sentiment in these microblogs with manual coding. Using a case study approach, we analyzed the range, frequency, timing, and content of tweets in a corporate account. Our research findings show that 19% of microblogs contain mention of a brand. Of the branding microblogs, nearly 20% contained some expression of brand sentiments. Of these, more than 50% were positive and 33% were critical of the company or product. Our comparison of automated and manual coding showed no significant differences between the two approaches. In analyzing microblogs for structure and composition, the linguistic structure of tweets approximate the linguistic patterns of natural language expressions. We find that microblogging is an online tool for customer word of mouth communications and discuss the implications for corporations using microblogging as part of their overall marketing strategy.
The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution
Authors: Asher Robert J. , Bennett Nigel , Lehmann Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn unprecedented level of confidence has recently crystallized around a new hypothesis of how living placental mammals share a pattern of common descent. The major groups are afrotheres (e.g., aardvarks, elephants), xenarthrans (e.g., anteaters, sloths), laurasiatheres (e.g., horses, shrews), and euarchontoglires (e.g., humans, rodents). Compared with previous hypotheses this tree is remarkably stable; however, some uncertainty persists about the location of the placental root, and (for example) the position of bats within laurasiatheres, of sea cows and aardvarks within afrotheres, and of dermopterans within euarchontoglires. A variety of names for sub‐clades within the new placental mammal tree have been proposed, not all of which follow conventions regarding priority and stability. More importantly, the new phylogenetic framework enables the formulation of new hypotheses and testing thereof, for example regarding the possible developmental dichotomy that seems to distinguish members of the newly identified southern and northern radiations of living placental mammals.
Field‐based comparison of ligand and coactivator binding sites of nuclear receptors
Authors: Wohlfahrt Gerd , Sipilä Julius , Pietilä Lars‐Olof 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA structure‐based comparison of the ligand‐binding domains of 35 nuclear receptors from five different subfamilies is presented. Their ligand and coactivator binding sites are characterized using knowledge‐based contact preference fields for hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions implemented in the MOE modeling environment. Additionally, for polar knowledge‐based field points the preference for negative or positive electrostatic interactions is estimated using the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation. These molecular‐interaction fields are used to cluster the nuclear receptor family based on similarities of their binding sites. By analyzing the similarities and differences of hydrophobic and polar fields in binding pockets of related receptors it is possible to identify conserved interactions in ligand and coactivator binding pockets, which support e.g. design of specific ligands during lead optimization or virtual screening as docking filter. Examples of remarkable similarities between ligand binding sites of members from phylogenetically different nuclear receptor families (RXR, RAR, HNF4, NR5) and differences between closely related subtypes (LXR, RAR, TR) are discussed in more detail. Significant similarities and differences of coactivator binding sites are shown for NR3Cs, LXRs and PPARs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 884–894, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Investigating the potential of Bacillus subtilis α‐amylase as a pressure‐temperature‐time indicator for high hydrostatic pressure pasteurization processes
Authors: Grauwet Tara , Van der Plancken Iesel , Vervoort Liesbeth , Hendrickx Marc E. , Loey Ann Van 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe potential of Bacillus subtilis α‐amylase (BSA) as a pressure‐temperature‐time indicator (pTTI) for high pressure pasteurization processing (400–600 MPa; Ti 10–40°C; 1–15 min) was investigated. A stepwise approach was followed for the development of an enzyme‐based, extrinsic, isolated pTTI. First, based on literature data on the pressure stability, BSA was selected as a candidate indicator. Next to the accuracy and ease of the measurement of the indicator's response (residual activity) to the pressure treatment, the storage and handling stability of BSA at atmospheric pressure was verified. Second, the stability of BSA at a constant temperature (T) and time in function of pressure (p) was investigated. Solvent engineering was used to shift the inactivation window of BSA in the processing range of interest. Third, the enzyme (1 g/L BSA—MES 0.05 M pH 5.0) was kinetically calibrated under isobaric‐isothermal conditions. Time dependent changes in activity could be modeled best by a first‐order model. Except for low pressures and high temperatures, a synergistic effect between pressure and temperature could be observed. Based on the model selected to describe the combined p,T‐dependency of the inactivation rate constant, an elliptically shaped isorate contour plot could be constructed, illustrating the processing range where BSA can be used to demonstrate temperature gradients. Fourth, the validity of the kinetic model was tested successfully under dynamic conditions similar to those used in food industry. Finally, the indicator was found suitable to demonstrate nonuniformity in two‐sectional planes of a vertical, single vessel system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Efficient characterization of the TCR repertoire in lymph nodes by flow cytometry
Authors: Salameire D. , Le Bris Y. , Fabre B. , Fauconnier J. , Solly F. , Pernollet M. , Bonnefoix T. , Leroux D. , Plumas J. , Jacob M. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAnalysis of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire by flow cytometry proved to be relevant for investigating T‐cell diversity and detecting reactive cells in blood samples. We used this approach to characterize non‐malignant T‐lymphocytes in lymph nodes and give insights into their origin. The TCR repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells from 81 lymph nodes was analyzed with a four‐color flow cytometer using a wide panel of 25 anti‐Vβ monoclonal antibodies. Flow cytometry proved to be a useful and informative technique. We demonstrated a diversified TCR‐Vβ repertoire, and only low level expansions, in 53% of the samples. They involved nearly all Vβ families, were more frequent in the CD8+ subset of older patients, but were not related to pathology. No evidence could be demonstrated in favor of stimulation by common antigens. Interestingly, the TCR‐Vβ repertoire proved to be very similar in lymph nodes and blood samples. Our results argue that in the cases studied, lymph node enlargement is mainly due to an increased homing of circulating T‐cells. They also provide reference values for expression of 25 TCR‐Vβ in lymph nodes, which could serve as a basis for further applications in diagnosis of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and pleural fluid cytology diagnosis of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in the lung: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhang Yaxia , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen R. , Jorda Merce , Ganjei‐Azar Parvin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLesions that contain abundant benign myoepithelial cells, including pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland origin, may present a diagnostic challenge in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma is a rare neoplasm, in which the benign appearing pleomorphic adenoma, without any histological evidence of malignancy, metastasizes to distant sites including lung. In the absence of clinical history of a pre‐existing myoepithelial neoplasm, the presence of myoepithelial cells in the lung or any other organs besides salivary glands may create diagnostic difficulty. Here we present the cytologic findings of such a metastatic tumor found in the lung FNA and pleural fluid specimens from a 64‐year‐old woman, with a history of local recurrent salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, who presented with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and pleural effusion. The diagnosis of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma was made based on clinical information and cytomorphology, and confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic detection of Stronyloides stercoralis in a 55‐year‐old Hispanic man with routine rectal/anal pap smear
Authors: Zhou Jianhong , Ferrer Hector , Cleveland Ronald , Ganesan Santhi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe anal–rectal cytology is introduced recently to evaluate human‐papillomavirus related cellular changes in the cells of anal canal. It is especially useful in high risk patients such as HIV patients. Very few reports were published regarding cytomorphological findings in anal cytology. Strongyloides stercoralis is an enteric helminthic parasite with particular significance in immunocompromised patients. The infection is asymptomatic or manifests as mild gastrointestinal symptoms in normal hosts. The infection can be devastating in immunocompromised persons, and carries a high mortality rate. The presence of S. stercoralis larva in anal–rectal pap smears is rare. We report a case in a routine anal–rectal Pap smear with Strongyloides, and discuss the clinical significance and life cycle of S. stercoralis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine needle aspiration cytology in a case of fibrous dysplasia of jaw
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Gupta Ruchi , Bakshi Jaimanti , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFibro‐osseous lesions of the jaw comprise of a spectrum of diseases which include osseous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. The differentiation amongst these individual pathological lesions is difficult and a combined clinico‐radiological and histological correlation is essential for exact categorization. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is frequently carried out to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions of the jaw as is a quick and reliable modality of investigation which guides in further management. We report, a case of a jaw swelling in a young male, diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia on FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown, Part 3: Cytomorphology of “condensed cluster of stromal cells”
Authors: Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Yuminamochi Tsutomu , Shigematsu Yumie , Yanoh Kenji , Ikemoto Rie , Masuno Hiroshi , Murakami Manabu , Kobayashi Tadao K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was undertaken to clarify the cytological characteristic of the “condensed clusters of stromal cells,” which may be recognized in endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD) cases. The material consists of 60 cases of cytologic smears for which histopathological diagnosis was obtained by endometrial curettage; they comprised 30 cases of EGBD and 30 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade 1 (G1).The following parameters were examined for “condensed clusters of stromal cells” in EGBD and for “clumps of cancer cells” in G1, respectively: (1) the occurrence of “condensed clusters of stromal cells”; (2) the nuclear shape; (3) a longer/shorter axis ratio in cell nuclei; (4) the area of cell nuclei; (5) the presence of overlapping nuclei; (6) nuclear crowding; (7) immunostaining.(1) “Condensed clusters of stromal cells” were only observed in EGBD. (2) A reniform nuclear shape was observed in 100% EGBD (P < 0.0001) in comparison to G1 (3%). (3) The longer/shorter axis ratio in cell nuclei, G1 (1.37 ± 0.2) was significantly lower in comparison to EGBD (1.53 ± 0.12, P = 0.0005). (4) Nuclear area in G1 (51.6 ± 11.9, P < 0.0001) was significantly higher in comparison to EGBD (24.3 ± 3.9 μm2). (5) The score of overlapping nuclei in EGBD (2.5 ± 0.49) was significantly higher in comparison to G1 (1.8 ± 0.44, P < 0.0001). (6) The nuclear crowding score was the same both in EGBD (2) and G1 (2) and these findings were not statistically significant. (7) Both CD10 and Wilms' tumor protein 1 were positive in the “condensed clusters of stromal cells” in the EGBD. The anti‐cytokeratin staining was positive in “clumps of cancer cells” in the G1.The evaluation of the immunocytochemical findings by combining the Wilms' tumor 1 protein, CD10, and the anti‐cytokeratin with the considered cytomorphologic features (reniform nucleus) may be useful for a correct diagnosis of EGBD in endometrial cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and gene–environment interaction effects on preschoolers' social behaviors
Authors: DiLalla Lisabeth Fisher , Elam Kit K. , Smolen Andrew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examined effects from a specific dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), environmental influences from parents and peers, and the interaction between them, on aggressive and prosocial behaviors of preschoolers. Children were classified as DRD4‐L (n = 27) if they had at least one DRD4 allele with six to eight repeats and as DRD4‐S (n = 35) if not. Parent–child interactions were coded when children were 3–4 years old. Peer interaction data and parent questionnaires were collected at age 5. DRD4‐L children shared less with each other and parents were less sensitive during parent–twin triadic interactions. Also, genotype interacted with peer aggression to affect children's aggression during a peer play interaction at age 5, and genotype interacted with prior parental sensitivity to affect later externalizing problems. Thus, children having a certain genetic disposition may be more sensitive to certain environmental stimuli and therefore more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors under more stressful circumstances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 451–464, 2009
Development of dynamic stability in children's rhythmic movement
Authors: James Eric G. , Hong S. Lee , Newell Karl M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examined the hypothesis that the stability of rhythmic motor patterns increases with developmental age in children. Children aged 6 and 10 years and adults (18‐ to 23‐year‐olds) rocked back and forth at their preferred amplitude and frequency while seated on a wooden box placed atop a force platform. Participants performed the seated rocking task with their feet supported and unsupported. There was an age‐related decrease in rocking frequency and variability of the rocking cycle period, while the stability of the rocking dynamics increased, as indexed by the standard deviation of the phase angle of center of pressure motion. The presence of foot support decreased the stability of the rocking dynamics and reduced cycle period variability in the children, but not the adults. The results revealed that increments of age are associated with an increase in the stability of rhythmic motor patterns even when environmental conditions are altered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 465–473, 2009
The ontogeny of exploratory behavior in male and female adolescent rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Lynn Debra A. , Brown Gillian R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring adolescence, rats gain independence from their mothers and disperse from the natal burrow, with males typically dispersing further than females. We predicted that, if dispersal patterns are associated with responsiveness to novelty, exploratory behavior in novel environments would increase across adolescence, and males would explore more than females. Alternatively, females might explore more than males, if females are more motivated than males to learn about the immediate environment or if females have poorer spatial abilities than males. Twenty‐five male and 21 female rats were exposed to two novel environments (open field and elevated plus‐maze) during early, mid‐, or late adolescence. Total locomotion and amount of exploration directed towards aversive areas increased across adolescence, even when body weight was included as a covariate. Female adolescents locomoted more and spent more time exploring aversive areas than males. Developmental changes in neural function potentially underlie age and sex differences in exploratory behavior. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 513–520, 2009
Loss of dystrophin and the microtubule‐binding protein ELP‐1 causes progressive paralysis and death of adult C. elegans
Authors: Hueston Jennifer L. , Suprenant Kathy A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEMAP‐like proteins (ELPs) are conserved microtubule‐binding proteins that function during cell division and in the behavior of post‐mitotic cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, ELP‐1 is broadly expressed in many cells and tissues including the touch receptor neurons and body wall muscle. Within muscle, ELP‐1 is associated with a microtubule network that is closely opposed to the integrin‐based adhesion sites called dense bodies. To examine ELP‐1 function, we utilized an elp‐1 RNA interference assay and screened for synthetic interactions with mutated adhesion site proteins. We reveal a synthetic lethal relationship between ELP‐1 and the dystrophin‐like protein, DYS‐1. Reduction of ELP‐1 in a dystrophin [dys‐1(cx18)] mutant results in adult animals with motility defects, splayed and hypercontracted muscle with altered cholinergic signaling. Worms fill with vesicles, become flaccid, and die. We conclude that ELP‐1 is a genetic modifier of a C. elegans model of muscular dystrophy. Developmental Dynamics, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.