bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Cyclodextrin inclusive interaction driven separation of organic compounds
Authors: Ji H. B. , Long Q. P. , Chen H. Y. , Zhou X. T. , Hu X. F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel selective separation method for organic compounds, especially thermosensitive substances, has been proposed using unsubstituted β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as a host and some alcohols and aldehydes as model guests in aqueous solution. The separation factors were evaluated from the extraction of an equimolar mixture of alcohol and aldehyde compounds. The inclusion equilibrium constants for several alcohols and aldehydes over β‐CD have been calculated through their UV‐vis spectra. The Gibbs free energy changes of β‐CD/substrates complexes (ΔG) have been calculated combined B3LYP/6‐31G(d)//ONIOM2(B3LYP/6‐31G(d):PM3) with semicontinuum solvation model. The difference of Gibbs free energy changes (ΔΔG) for the inclusion complexes formed via the intermolecular weak interactions e.g., hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction was the reason why alcohol and aldehyde compounds could be selectively separated. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Phenotypic variability of a deletion and duplication 6q16.1 → q21 due to a paternal balanced ins(7;6)(p15;q16.1q21)
Authors: Spreiz Ana , Müller Doris , Zotter Sibylle , Albrecht Ursula , Baumann Matthias , Fauth Christine , Erdel Martin , Zschocke Johannes , Utermann Gerd , Kotzot Dieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConstitutional insertional translocations are rare findings in clinical cytogenetics. Here, we report on the unbalanced segregation of a balanced paternal insertional translocation ins(7;6)(p15;q16.1q21) to three children. Investigations by conventional karyotyping, FISH with locus‐specific probes, microsatellite marker analysis, and SNP‐array based copy number analysis revealed a direct orientation of the inserted segment, a size of 11.3 Mb, and breakpoints between rs4370337 and rs12660854 and rs12110990 and rs4946730 on 6q16.1 and 6q21, respectively, as well as within BAC clone RP11–182J2 on 7p15. A 17‐year‐old daughter inherited the der(6) chromosome and was affected by severe mental retardation, obesity, and minor anomalies. Two further children inherited the der(7) chromosome. A daughter shows an almost unremarkable phenotype and only minor features in neuropsychological testing at 19 years of age. Her 14‐year‐old half‐brother demonstrates a mild delay in cognitive development most likely jointly caused by the chromosomal rearrangement and asphyxia during delivery. The patient with the deletion confirms the previously reported phenotype of severe mental retardation and obesity in patients with del(6)(q16.2), while both patients with partial trisomy for the same segment of chromosome 6 are further examples for a generally less severe phenotype associated with duplications than with deletions, and even for the recent insight that chromosomal aneusomies of several megabases may go without major clinical consequences. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dimethylzinc/diphenylphosphinoylimine approach to the asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic agent NPS R‐568
Authors: Banerjee Sucharita , Smith Brad , Hitchcock Shawn R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic agent NPS R‐568 using a (1R,2S)‐N‐benzylephedrine‐promoted addition of dimethylzinc to a diphenylphosphinoylimine derived from 3‐methoxybenzaldehyde is described. The enantiomeric ratio of the key amine fragment was determined to be 93:7 (86% ee), favoring the (R)‐enantiomer by derivatization and chiral stationary phase HPLC analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of chemical structure of silane coupling agent on interface adhesion properties of syndiotactic polypropylene/cellulose composite
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Iwakura Keisuke , Miyazaki Kensuke , Okazaki Noriyasu , Terano Minoru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo improve interaction between syndiotactic polypropylene (SPP) and fibrous cellulose (FC), effects of chemical structure of silane coupling agent on the reactivity for the surface hydroxyl group on the FC were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. Among the three kinds of the silane coupling agent, the 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) showed the highest reactivity with the surface hydroxyl group on the FC, and the linear silane compound with methoxyl group was found to be suitable for the reaction. Although the morphology of the SPP/FC composite is hardly affected by the difference in the kinds of the silane coupling agent, the tensile properties were considerably different. In particular, in the case of using higher silane coupling agent solution (over 3 wt %), the chemical structure of silane coupling agent certainly affected the tensile properties of the SPP/silanized FC composite. It was found that the tensile properties were distinctly affected by the reactivity between the surface hydroxyl group on FC and the silane coupling agent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Structure and physical properties in crosslinked polyurethanes
Authors: Waterlot Véronique , Couturier Daniel , Waterlot Christophe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCrosslinked polyurethanes based on a mixture of toluene diisocyanate, polypropylene glycol, trimethylol propane (TMP), glycerol (GLY), and desmophen (DES) were synthesized with various ratios of DES and GLY. Chemical crosslinks were introduced through the hard segment (TMP, GLY) and through the soft segment (DES). The effects of the degree of crosslinking on the properties were examined. The crystallinity of the obtained polymers were studied by using modulated differential scanning calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and their morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy. It appeared that the degree of crosslinking increased according to the increase of GLY content. Moreover, it was found that chemical crosslinks in the hard segment destroyed the crystallinity of the hard phase and reduced the mobility of the soft phase, improving the heat stability of the hard domains, and modifying the mechanical properties of polyurethane films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The effect of genotype on methotrexate polyglutamate variability in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and association with drug response
Authors: Becker Mara L. , Gaedigk Roger , van Haandel Leon , Thomas Bradley , Lasky Andrew , Hoeltzel Mark , Dai Hongying , Stobaugh John , Leeder J. Steven 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe response to and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) are unpredictable in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Intracellular polyglutamation of MTX, assessed by measuring concentrations of MTX polyglutamates (MTXGlu), has been demonstrated to be a promising predictor of drug response. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the genetic predictors of MTXGlu variability and associations between MTXGlu and drug response in JIA.MethodsThe study was designed as a single‐center cross‐sectional analysis of patients with JIA who were receiving stable doses of MTX at a tertiary care children's hospital. After informed consent was obtained from the 104 patients with JIA, blood was withdrawn during routine MTX‐screening laboratory testing. Clinical data were collected by chart review. Genotyping for 34 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 genes within the MTX metabolic pathway was performed. An ion‐pair chromatographic procedure with mass spectrometric detection was used to measure MTXGlu1–7.ResultsAnalysis and genotyping of MTXGlu was completed in the 104 patients. K‐means clustering resulted in 3 distinct patterns of MTX polyglutamation. Cluster 1 had low red blood cell (RBC) MTXGlu concentrations, cluster 2 had moderately high RBC MTXGlu1 + 2 concentrations, and cluster 3 had high concentrations of MTXGlu, specifically MTXGlu3–5. SNPs in the purine and pyrimidine synthesis pathways, as well as the adenosine pathway, were significantly associated with cluster subtype. The cluster with high concentrations of MTXGlu3–5 was associated with elevated liver enzyme levels on liver function tests (LFTs), and there were higher concentrations of MTXGlu3–5 in children who reported gastrointestinal side effects and had abnormal findings on LFTs. No association was noted between MTXGlu and active arthritis.ConclusionMTXGlu remains a potentially useful tool for determining outcomes in patients with JIA being treated with MTX. The genetic predictors of MTXGlu variability may also contribute to a better understanding of the intracellular biotransformation of MTX in these patients.
Immune complexes containing citrullinated fibrinogen costimulate macrophages via Toll‐like receptor 4 and Fcγ receptor
Authors: Sokolove Jeremy , Zhao Xiaoyan , Chandra Piyanka E. , Robinson William H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with the presence of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Nearly two‐thirds of patients with ACPA‐positive RA have immune complexes that contain citrullinated fibrinogen, and these citrullinated fibrinogen–containing immune complexes (cFb‐IC) can exacerbate disease in murine models of RA; however, the exact role of such ACPA ICs in RA pathogenesis has remained elusive. We undertook the present study to investigate a novel mechanism by which ACPAs specifically targeting citrullinated fibrinogen may directly stimulate macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production.MethodsMurine or human macrophages were stimulated with native fibrinogen (nFb), cFb, or in vitro–generated nFb‐IC or cFb‐IC, and TNF production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. ICs were generated with either polyclonal anti‐Fb antibodies or pooled IgG from patients with ACPA‐positive RA. To evaluate the role of the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4)/myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88) pathway and the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) pathway in the induction of TNF by Fb and Fb‐IC, parallel experiments were performed using 1) TLR‐4–deficient or MyD88‐deficient macrophages, and 2) inhibitors of TLR‐4 or FcγR.ResultsCitrullinated Fb stimulated macrophage TNF production more potently than did native Fb. Incorporation of cFb into ICs augmented its ability to stimulate TNF production by macrophages. Stimulation of TNF by cFb was dependent on TLR‐4 and MyD88, while stimulation by cFb‐IC was dependent on both TLR‐4/MyD88 and FcγR.ConclusionWe demonstrated that cFb‐IC can costimulate macrophages via dual engagement of TLR‐4 and FcγR, resulting in the synergistic induction of TNF production. Our findings suggest a potential role of citrullination in increasing the potency of an endogenous innate immune ligand and provide insight into the mechanism by which anticitrulline autoimmunity may contribute to the onset and propagation of inflammation in RA.
Systemic lupus erythematosus monocytes are less responsive to interleukin‐10 in the presence of immune complexes
Authors: Yuan Weijia , DiMartino Stephen J. , Redecha Patricia B. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Salmon Jane E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by autoantibody production and immune complex deposition. The level of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), predominantly an antiinflammatory cytokine, is paradoxically elevated in patients with SLE. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the antiinflammatory function of IL‐10 is impaired in monocytes from patients with SLE with long‐term exposure to immune complexes.MethodsCD14+ monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and patients with SLE. Cultured CD14+ cells were treated with heat‐aggregated human IgG (325 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of IL‐10 (20 ng/ml). To study gene expression, RNA was extracted 3 hours after treatment. To study cytokine production, supernatants were harvested after 8 hours. To study IL‐10 signaling, cell lysates were obtained from CD14+ cells treated with human IgG (325 μg/ml) for 1 hour followed by IL‐10 (20 ng/ml) treatment for 10 minutes. Western blot analysis was used to assess STAT‐3 phosphorylation. All experiments were performed in pairs.ResultsWhen stimulated with human IgG, SLE monocytes produced more tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL‐6 than did control cells. The suppressive effect of IL‐10 on human IgG–induced TNFα and IL‐6 production was lower in SLE monocytes compared with control monocytes, although IL‐10 receptor expression was similar in SLE and control monocytes. Human IgG suppressed IL‐10 receptor expression and altered IL‐10 signaling in control monocytes. Like SLE monocytes, interferon‐α (IFNα)–primed control monocytes stimulated with human IgG were also less responsive to IL‐10.ConclusionHuman IgG and IFNα modulate IL‐10 function. In SLE monocytes, which are considered to be IFNα primed and persistently exposed to immune complexes, responses to IL‐10 are abnormal, limiting the antiinflammatory effect of this cytokine.
Pattern on the antinuclear antibody–HEp‐2 test is a critical parameter for discriminating antinuclear antibody–positive healthy individuals and patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Mariz Henrique A. , Sato Emília I. , Barbosa Silvia H. , Rodrigues Silvia H. , Dellavance Alessandra , Andrade Luis E. C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify features of antinuclear antibody (ANA)–HEp‐2 test results that discriminate ANA‐positive healthy individuals and patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).MethodsWe sequentially retrieved data on 918 healthy individuals and 153 patients with ARDs after clinical assessment. ANA‐positive healthy individuals for whom data were available were reevaluated after 3.6–5.0 years. An ANA–HEp‐2 test result was considered positive when a clear ANA pattern was observed at 1:80 dilution in 2 distinct commercial HEp‐2 slides by 2 blinded independent observers.ResultsANAs were present in 118 healthy individuals (12.9%) and 138 patients with ARDs (90.2%). The ANA titer was higher in patients with ARDs than in healthy individuals (P < 0.001). The ANA pattern profile was distinct in the 2 groups. Nuclear homogeneous, nuclear coarse speckled, and nuclear centromeric patterns appeared exclusively in patients with ARDs. The nuclear dense fine speckled pattern occurred only in healthy individuals. The most frequent ANA pattern in both groups was the nuclear fine speckled pattern, which occurred at lower titer in healthy individuals than in patients with ARDs (P < 0.001). Anti–extractable nuclear antigen was present in 1 healthy individual (anti‐SSA/Ro) and in 52 patients with ARDs (37.7%). None of the 40 reevaluated healthy individuals developed ARDs, and 29 (72.5%) remained ANA positive. All healthy individuals who became ANA negative had an ANA titer of 1:80 at baseline.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the titer, and especially the pattern, on the ANA–HEp‐2 test strongly enhances our ability to discriminate ANA‐positive healthy individuals and patients with ARDs.
Interferon‐α accelerates murine systemic lupus erythematosus in a T cell–dependent manner
Authors: Liu Zheng , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Huang Weiqing , Lodhi Umairullah , Solano Ingrid , Madaio Michael P. , Davidson Anne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which interferon‐α (IFNα) accelerates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mice.MethodsNZB/NZW mice were treated with an adenovirus expressing IFNα. In some mice, T cells were depleted with an anti‐CD4 antibody. The production of anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme‐linked immunospot assay. Germinal centers and antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in spleens and IgG deposition and leukocyte infiltrates in kidneys were visualized by immunofluorescence staining. The phenotype of splenic cells was determined by flow cytometry. Finally, somatic hypermutation and gene usage in VH regions of IgG2a and IgG3 were studied by single‐cell polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIFNα‐accelerated lupus in NZB/NZW mice was associated with elevated serum levels of IgG2 and IgG3 anti‐dsDNA antibodies and accumulation of many IgG ASCs in the spleen, which did not develop into long‐lived plasma cells. Furthermore, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies in the mice were highly somatically mutated and used distinct repertoires of VH genes. The induction of SLE in the mice was associated with an increase in B cell Toll‐like receptor 7 expression, increased serum levels of BAFF, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor α, and induction of T cells expressing IL‐21. Although IFNα drove a T cell–independent increase in serum levels of IgG, autoantibody induction and the development of nephritis were both completely dependent on CD4+ T cell help.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that, although IFNα activates both innate and adaptive immune responses in NZB/NZW mice, CD4+ T cells are necessary for IFNα‐driven induction of anti‐dsDNA antibodies and clinical SLE.
Evaluation of a lecture recording system in a medical curriculum
Authors: Bacro Thierry R.H. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Fitzharris Timothy P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently, the Medical University of South Carolina adopted a lecture recording system (LRS). A retrospective study of LRS was implemented to document the students' perceptions, pattern of usage, and impact on the students' grades in three basic sciences courses (Cell Biology/Histology, Physiology, and Neurosciences). The number of accesses and length of viewings of the recordings were recorded per week for each student and correlated with the grades in each of the three courses. Attendance records were not available. The results showed considerable variability in the use of the LRS by both faculty and students during the entire semester and across all three courses, including week to week variations. Data indicated that 30% of the students did not use the LRS at all with 41% of the students using it very little (less than 10 times for a total of 131 recordings). Specific patterns of usage were identified for each of the three courses throughout the semester, with an increase in access prior or during examination weeks. However, the statistical analysis showed that there was no correlation between the final grades and the usage of LRS. Finally, a survey of the students' perception showed that 74% agreed/strongly agreed that the recordings were useful with 6% disagreeing/strongly disagreeing and 11% undecided. This study showed that the use of LRS might be a viable alternative for students unable to attend lecture due to circumstances such as illness but that more research is needed to truly understand the best pedagogical use of LRS. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
A systemic view of biodiversity and its conservation: Processes, interrelationships, and human culture
Authors: Sterling Eleanor J. , Gómez Andrés , Porzecanski Ana L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHistorically, views and measurements of biodiversity have had a narrow focus, for instance, characterizing the attributes of observable patterns but affording less attention to processes. Here, we explore the question: how does a systems thinking view – one where the world is seen as elements and processes that connect and interact in dynamic ways to form a whole – affect the way we understand biodiversity and practice conservation? We answer this question by illustrating the systemic properties of biodiversity at multiple levels, and show that biodiversity is a collection of dynamic systems linking seemingly disparate biological and cultural components and requiring an understanding of the system as a whole. We conclude that systems thinking calls traditional views of species, ecosystem function, and human relationships with the rest of biodiversity into question. Finally, we suggest some of the ways in which this view can impact the science and practice of conservation, particularly through affecting our conservation targets and strategies.
Morphology and Microstructure of Li/MgO Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Zavyalova Ulyana , Geske Michael , Horn Raimund , Weinberg Gisela , Frandsen Wiebke , Schuster Manfred , Schlögl Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) based on MgO with a varying content of Li have been synthesized by the gel‐combustion method. The resulting catalytically active systems are studied by a combination of TEM and SEM methods. Samples with a low abundance of Li exhibit a hierarchical pore system built from tubular structures made from primary MgO particles. Upon calcination at 1073 K, these particles undergo a change in shape from cubic via truncated octahedral to platelet morphologies, depending on the Li content of the precursor. Morphological indications have been found for the role of Li as flux in this transformation. The modification of the primary particle morphology leads to a drastic change in secondary structure from open sponges to compact sintered plates upon addition of Li at loadings above 10 wt %, with respect to the precursor. The microstructure of the primary particles reveals two families of high‐energy structures, namely edge‐and‐step structures and protrusions on flat terraces. A relation was found between catalytic function in OCM and the transformation from cubic to complex‐ terminated particles. Based on these findings, it is suggested that sites active for the coupling reaction of methane are related to the protrusions arising from segregation of oxygen vacancies to the surface of MgO.
Recycling Concept for Aluminum Electrodeposition from the Ionic Liquid System EMIM[Tf2N]‐AlCl3
Authors: Solà Cervera J. L. , König A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the last years, the ionic liquid system formed by specific mixtures of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (EMIM[Tf2N]) and AlCl3 proved to be a very suitable electrolyte for the electrodeposition of aluminum. In order to establish an industrial electrodeposition process based on this novel electrolyte system, the suitability of melt crystallization for purification and recycling of these electrolytes has been studied. It exists a composition range in the ternary system where the compound EMIM[AlCl4] can be crystallized in a high purity. The layer melt crystallization technique is successfully applied to the binary system EMIMCl‐AlCl3 and to the real ternary electrolytes. Hydrolysis is proposed for treatment of the residue. In aqueous solutions, the membrane process nanofiltration is applied for concentration and recovery of the ionic components. An integral recycling concept is presented.
Effect of annealing on the mechanical behaviour of Au/Cu and Cu/Au bilayers on silicon
Authors: Chocyk D. , Prószyński A. , Gladyszewski G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe realtime evolution of stress during deposition of Cu/Au and Au/Cu bilayers was studied by an in‐situ curvature measurement optical technique and annealing in the temperature range from room temperature to 400 °C. The Au/Cu and Cu/Au bilayers attached to silicon substrate with total thickness equal 12 nm and individual film thicknesses equal 6 nm Cu and 6 nm Au; 4 nm Cu and 8 nm Au; and 8 nm Cu and 4 nm Au, respectively, were examined. During deposition, an increase in tensile stress with increasing the total thickness of a system for both Au/Cu and Cu/Au bilayers were observed. Deposition of Au layer on Cu layer resulted in a change in compressive direction, whereas no change was observed for Cu deposition on Au. This difference is explained by lattice parameter mismatch. Significant stress evolution during the first cycle of heating was observed for all samples. It was found that irreversible modifications occur in systems during the first cycle of annealing. A change in the slope of the elastic part of stress curve during heating indicates a change in the coefficient of thermal expansion of metallic layers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)