bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry‐based assessment of mitoxantrone efflux from leukemic blasts varies with response to induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kim Hyun Pyo , Bernard Lea , Berkowitz Jonathan , Nitta Janet , Hogge Donna E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Accurate prediction of chemotherapy drug resistance would aid treatment decisions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to determine if mitoxantrone efflux from AML blasts would correlate with response to induction chemotherapy.Methods:Flow cytometry was used to measure the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for AML blasts incubated with mitoxantrone [an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter substrate] with or without coincubation with cyclosporine A (a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of ABC transporters) and a ratio (MFIR) between the inhibited and uninhibited MFI was calculated.Results:Among 174 AML patient blast samples, the mean MFIR for complete remission (CR) patients was lower than that obtained for induction failure (IF) patients (mean MFIR ± SD 1.62 ± 0.53 for CR after one cycle of chemotherapy vs. 2.22 ± 1.29 for CR after two cycles and 2.59 ± 0.98 for IF, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis determined 2.45 as the MFIR threshold above which 29% of patients achieved CR vs. a CR rate of 84% when the MFIR was ≤ 2.45 (P < 0.0001). In AML patients with normal karyotype (n = 80), CR was obtained for 33% of patients with an MFIR > 2.45 vs. 89% of those with MFIR ≤ 2.45 (P < 0.0001). In patients > age 60 (n = 77), 30% vs. 87% of those with MFIR > vs. ≤ 2.45 achieved CR (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:This assay of ABC transporter function can potentially predict response to induction chemotherapy in AML. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Targeted Drug Delivery––Quo Vadis?
Authors: Petrak Karel 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

While business predictions suggest that 19 companies will have new or improved targeted drug delivery products on the market by 2018, no effective drug‐targeting systems have as yet been developed for use as human therapeutics despite a steadily increasing number of publications on the topic of drug targeting. This critical review argued that efforts in this field have failed so far largely because the basic requirements of targeted drug delivery are not been taken into consideration by researchers. The review outlines a systematic approach that should be adopted starting with determining whether the drug under consideration could benefit from site‐selective targeting based on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior and on the physiological properties of the intended target site. A drug delivery system should advance to in vivo toxicity and efficacy testing only after it has been shown that it imparts to the drug the required pharmacokinetic properties.
Incorporation of Beclomethasone Dipropionate into Polyethylene Glycol‐Diacyl Lipid Micelles as a Pulmonary Delivery System
Authors: Sahib Mohanad Naji , Darwis Yusrida , Peh Kok Khiang , Abdulameer Shaymaa Abdalwahed , Fung Tan Yvonne Tze 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

Nebulized corticosteroid drugs have several shortcomings due to their poor water solubility and nonoptimal deposition pattern. The aims of this study were to investigate the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)‐loaded sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles (SSMs) of a polyethylene glycol–phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate as a pulmonary delivery system. The particle size distribution and zeta potential measurements were 14.60 ± 1.11 nm and −46.94 ± 3.27 mV, respectively. The solubility of BDP was highly improved by at least 1,300 times its actual solubility. No chemical interaction was found between the PEGylated polymer and BDP as demonstrated by the Fourier transform infrared results. The in vitro aerodynamic of the aerosolized BDP‐SSMs using an Omron nebulizer showed an improvement in the aerodynamic values, with a significant deposition in the seven‐stage Next Generation Impactor. The BDP‐SSMs showed a prolonged dissolution profile of about 3 days. Intratracheal administration of the BDP‐SSMs (1 mg/kg) 12 or 23 h before a challenge in the asthmatic rat model led to a significant reduction in the inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples compared with the administration of solubilized BDP. The SSM system appears to be an effective way of improving the therapeutic index of nebulized, poorly soluble corticosteroids.
Rapid shrinkage and hydrological response of a typical continental glacier in the arid region of northwest China – taking Urumqi Glacier No.1 as an example
Authors: Sun Meiping , Li Zhongqin , Yao Xiaojun , Jin Shuang 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSmall glaciers are more sensitive to climate change and can drive remarkable runoff variation in local catchments. Here, the recent shrinkage and hydrological response of Urumqi Glacier No.1, a typical continental glacier, situated in the arid region of northwest China, were investigated using glacier data, hydrological and meteorological data collected near the glacier during the past 50 years. The results showed that annual air temperature and precipitation increased by 0·9 °C and 91 mm (17.5%), respectively. Glacier length shortened by about 215·2 m (9·7%) and its area diminished by 0·304 km2 (15·6%). The cumulative mass balance of the glacier was −13 693 mm, equivalent to 15·2 m of glacier ice. Annual glacier runoff calculated by using a water balance model and the runoff measured at the outflow gauging station increased remarkably. The percentage of the increased river flow being derived from the increased glacier runoff reached 69·7% especially after 1994. Temperature and precipitation during the ablation season were the governing factors affecting the runoff at the glacierized (Glacier No.1) and non‐glacierized (Empty Cirque) catchments, respectively. Temperature rise and precipitation increase between 1959 and 2008 have had a combined effect on glacier mass loss and runoff change. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corona characteristics of distribution line in contact with conductive material and life estimation of conductor insulation
Authors: Yamashita Takahiko , Fujishima Tomoyuki , Kuba Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn relation to accidents due to bird nests in contact with overhead distribution lines, the authors investigated the life estimation of conductor insulation. Accidents are often caused by crows or magpies. There is a region in which magpies have been designated a protected bird in Japan. In that region, the nests cannot be easily removed in the breeding season. Recently, metal wires have been used as nest material. When this conductive material is in contact with a distribution line and arm, a corona discharge will occur. The conductor insulation of the distribution line suffers deterioration and there is a possibility of causing an accident. In this study, an acceleration test was performed to investigate the time from nest building to an accident in the distribution line. The acceleration factor based on the charge amount of the corona and the influence of the applied voltage on corona characteristics was discussed. The life of the conductor insulation was discussed in terms of the V–t characteristics and the acceleration factor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 25–32, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21260
High‐precision positioning with strain feedback using piezoelectric element
Authors: Seki Kenta , Mochizuki Keisuke , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a novel control methodology for robust high‐precision positioning systems. This methodology is based on strain feedback using a piezoelectric element. The mechanical vibration modes at around the control bandwidth cause deterioration of system stability. This prevents the positioning performance from being robust, particularly against variations in the vibration frequency. In this research, therefore, a robust positioning system was designed by applying an additional compensation loop by strain feedback; here, a piezoelectric element that acts as a strain sensor detects the vibration signal. This makes the performance of the system robust. The proposed compensation approach has been verified by numerical analyses and by experiments using a positioning device for industrial galvano scanners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 41–50, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21267
Effective capacity optimization for multiuser diversity systems with adaptive transmission
Authors: Harsini Jalil S. , Lahouti Farshad 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe effective capacity (EC) for a wireless system expresses the maximum arrival source rate that the system can reliably transmit over the wireless channel while fulfilling a probabilistic delay constraint. This paper presents an EC optimization for a multiuser diversity system exploiting proportional opportunistic scheduling at the medium access control layer in conjunction with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer. We consider the downlink of a time‐slotted multiuser system with two different types of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, that is, (i) full CSI, whereby each user feeds back its normalized signal‐to‐noise ratio to the transmitter and (ii) quantized CSI, where each user feeds back the AMC mode for transmission. For each case, we first derive the EC function of the queue service process for the individual users at the medium access control layer. We then design the AMC scheme with power control aiming at maximizing the said function subject to a target packet‐error rate constraint. Both independent and identically distributed and time‐correlated fading channels are considered. The results illustrate the superior performance of the proposed schemes, when compared with the previous systems such as opportunistic scheduling with single‐rate transmission and round‐robin scheduling with AMC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient exploration and exploitation of multichannel diversity in spectrum sharing systems
Authors: Xu Yuhua , Shen Liang , Anpalagan Alagan , Wu Qihui , Wang Jinlong , Xu Yitao 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis letter investigates the problem of energy‐efficient exploration and exploitation of multichannel diversity in spectrum sharing cognitive radio systems where the secondary user sequentially explores the channel state information on the licenced channels with time and energy consumptions. As the number of the explored channels increases, the achieved multichannel diversity gain increases and so does the exploration consumption. Thus, there is a fundamental tradeoff between the multichannel diversity gain and channel exploration overhead. To maximise the expected normalised capacity of the secondary user, we formulate this tradeoff as an optimal stopping problem and propose a myopic one‐stage look‐ahead rule to solve it. It is shown that the one‐stage look‐ahead rule is optimal in the low power region; moreover, it also has good performance in general power region. Simulation results show that the achievable normalised throughput differs greatly for different exploration overhead, which can be regarded as a distinct feature of spectrum sharing systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional expressions in voice and music: Same code, same effect?
Authors: Escoffier Nicolas , Zhong Jidan , Schirmer Annett , Qiu Anqi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractScholars have documented similarities in the way voice and music convey emotions. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we explored whether these similarities imply overlapping processing substrates. We asked participants to trace changes in either the emotion or pitch of vocalizations and music using a joystick. Compared to music, vocalizations more strongly activated superior and middle temporal cortex, cuneus, and precuneus. However, despite these differences, overlapping rather than differing regions emerged when comparing emotion with pitch tracing for music and vocalizations, respectively. Relative to pitch tracing, emotion tracing activated medial superior frontal and anterior cingulate cortex regardless of stimulus type. Additionally, we observed emotion specific effects in primary and secondary auditory cortex as well as in medial frontal cortex that were comparable for voice and music. Together these results indicate that similar mechanisms support emotional inferences from vocalizations and music and that these mechanisms tap on a general system involved in social cognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 1‐acetoxy‐2‐aminoakenes via condensation of amino with carbonyl and CC acetoxylation
Authors: Liu Wei‐Bing , Chen Cui , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2012

Abstract1‐Acetoxy‐2‐aminoakenes were synthesized through an effective synthetic route using acid as the catalyst and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene as the oxidant, which is also a novel strategy for the formation of two C‐heteroatom bonds in the same reaction. In addition, it is a practical protocol with high regioselectivity, atom efficiency, and good substrate scope. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:290–294, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21016
Synergistic interaction of dietary cholesterol and dietary fat in inducing experimental steatohepatitis
Authors: Savard Christopher , Tartaglione Erica V. , Kuver Rahul , Haigh Geoffrey W. , Farrell Geoffrey C. , Subramanian Savitha , Chait Alan , Yeh Matthew M. , Quinn LeBris S. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The majority of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have “simple steatosis,” which is defined by hepatic steatosis in the absence of substantial inflammation or fibrosis and is considered to be benign. However, 10%-30% of patients with NAFLD progress to fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by varying degrees of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in addition to hepatic steatosis, and can lead to cirrhosis. The cause(s) of progression to fibrosing steatohepatitis are unclear. We aimed to test the relative contributions of dietary fat and dietary cholesterol and their interaction on the development of NASH. We assigned C57BL/6J mice to four diets for 30 weeks: control (4% fat and 0% cholesterol); high cholesterol (HC; 4% fat and 1% cholesterol); high fat (HF; 15% fat and 0% cholesterol); and high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC; 15% fat and 1% cholesterol). The HF and HC diets led to increased hepatic fat deposition with little inflammation and no fibrosis (i.e., simple hepatic steatosis). However, the HFHC diet led to significantly more profound hepatic steatosis, substantial inflammation, and perisinusoidal fibrosis (i.e., steatohepatitis), associated with adipose tissue inflammation and a reduction in plasma adiponectin levels. In addition, the HFHC diet led to other features of human NASH, including hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Hepatic and metabolic effects induced by dietary fat and cholesterol together were more than twice as great as the sum of the separate effects of each dietary component alone, demonstrating significant positive interaction. Conclusion: Dietary fat and dietary cholesterol interact synergistically to induce the metabolic and hepatic features of NASH, whereas neither factor alone is sufficient to cause NASH in mice. (Hepatology 2013)
Soft Immobilization of Proteins onto Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Nickel Complexed Nitrilotriacetic Acid‐End Functionalized Polystyrenes
Authors: Kadir Mohammad Abdul , Park Jin‐hong , Kim Bong‐Soo , Lee Sun‐Gu , Paik Hyun‐jong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe describe the immobilization of histidine‐tagged green fluorescent protein (His6‐GFP) specifically and reversibly onto single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using nickel complexed nitrilotriacetic acid‐end functionalized polystyrene (Ni‐NTA‐PS) by conjugation between the protein and the polymer in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). We synthesized Ni‐NTA‐PS by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) initiator. The SWCNTs were dispersed in PBS along with Ni‐NTA‐PS and His6‐GFP aided by sonication. The diameter of the dispersed SWCNTs was measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The immobilization of His6‐GFP and dispersion of SWCNTs were controlled by addition of excess imidazole. It was found that the immobilized His6‐GFP was more stable than free His6‐GFP in organic solvent (PBS/DMF, 1/1, v/v).
DNA hybridization assay at individual, biofunctionalized zinc oxide nanowires
Authors: Leiterer Christian , Seise Barbara , Slowik Irma , Brönstrup Gerald , Niepelt Raphael , Weber Karina , Ronning Carsten , Christiansen Silke , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReliable and efficient identification of DNA is a major goal in on‐site diagnostics. One dimensional nanostructures like nanowires (NW) represent potential sensor structures due to their extreme surface‐to‐bulk ratio, enabling enhanced biomolecule binding which results in optimal signals. While silicon NW are already well studied, NW made from other materials with promising properties like ZnO are not yet established as NW sensor material for bioanalytics. Here we demonstrate the DNA functionalization of ZnO NW even at the single NW level and their successful application in a DNA hybridization assay. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in bone tumor cells: Deciphering parathyroid hormone-related protein regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis
Authors: Mak Isabella WY , Turcotte Robert E , Ghert Michelle 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is an aggressive skeletal tumor characterized by local bone destruction, high recurrence rates, and metastatic potential. Previous works in our laboratory, including functional assays, have shown that neutralization of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in the cell environment inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in GCT stromal cells, indicating a role for PTHrP in cell propagation and survival. The objective of this study was to investigate the global gene and protein expression patterns of GCT cells in order to identify the underlying pathways and mechanisms of neoplastic proliferation provided by PTHrP in the bone microenvironment. Primary stromal cell cultures from 10 patients with GCT were used in this study. Cells were exposed to optimized concentrations of either PTHrP peptide or anti-PTHrP neutralizing antiserum and were analyzed with both cDNA microarray and proteomic microarray assays in triplicate. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses confirmed that counteraction of PTHrP in GCT stromal cells results in a clear-cut gene expression pattern distinct from all other treatment groups and the control cell line human fetal osteoblast (hFOB). Multiple bioinformatics tools were used to analyze changes in gene/protein expression and identify important gene ontologies and pathways common to this anti-PTHrP–induced regulatory gene network. PTHrP neutralization interferes with multiple cell survival and apoptosis signaling pathways by triggering both death receptors and cell cycle–mediated apoptosis, particularly via the caspase pathway, TRAIL pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and cyclin E/CDK2-associated G1/S cell cycle progression. These findings indicate that PTHrP neutralization exhibits anticancer potential by regulating cell-cycle progression and apoptosis in bone tumor cells, with the corollary being that PTHrP is a pro-neoplastic factor that can be targeted in the treatment of bone tumors. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Efficient 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl/iron Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Hexanitrobibenzyl to Hexanitrostilbene
Authors: Lu Ting‐ting , Lu Ming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHexanitrostilbene (HNS) was efficiently produced through the dehydrogenation of hexanitrobibenzyl (HNBB) with oxygen catalyzed by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)/ferrous chloride (FeCl2) in 80% yield, and up to a 308 turnover number was achieved. First, TEMPO is used in the dehydrogenation and the influence of reaction time, temperature, solvent and the catalyst were discussed. A possible mechanism of this catalytic process is proposed and it is obtained that Fe(II) can abstract hydrogen from HNBB and the function of the function of TEMPO is to oxidize Fe(II)OOH to Fe(III)OO.
A New Mode of Homogeneous Liquid–liquid Microextraction (HLLME) Based on Ionic Liquids: In Situ Solvent Formation Microextraction (ISFME) for Determination of Lead
Authors: Hosseini Mehdi , Dalali Nasser , Nejad Saeid Mohammad 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA simple in situ solvent formation microextraction method based on use of ionic liquid (IL) as an extractant solvent and sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) as an ion‐pairing agent was proposed for the concentration of trace levels of lead. In this method lead was complexed with N‐phenylbenzo‐hydroxamic acid (PBHA) and extracted into an ionic liquid phase. After phase separation, the enriched analyte in the final solution is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. ISFME is a fast, simple and suitable method for extraction and concentration of inorganic such as metal ions from sample solutions containing a high concentration of salts. The influences of the analytical parameters on the microextraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (3s) and the enhancement factor were 0.1 μg L−1 and 70, respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was obtained 1.3%. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing certified reference materials. The presented method was successfully applied for the determination of lead in water samples.
Electrochemical Monitoring of Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of 3,4‐Dichlorophenol Using TiO2 Thin Film Modified Graphite Electrode
Authors: Ojani Reza , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Zarei Ebrahim 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel electrode was prepared by forming TiO2 thin films using a commercially available TiO2 powder (Degussa P25) on graphite plates for water photoelectrocatalytic decontamination. In addition to, for the first time the photoelectrochemical degradation of 3,4‐dichlorophenol was investigated. The effects of applied potential, pH, and initial 3,4‐dichlorophenol concentration on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of 3,4‐dichlorophenol using ultraviolet (UV) illuminated TiO2/graphite (TiO2/C) thin film electrode was examined and discussed. Also, direct photolysis (DP), electrochemical oxidation (EC), photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of 3,4‐dichlorophenol were compared. Results show that the best responses for PEC are obtained at applied potential 1.2 V versus reference electrode, pH 8.0 and initial 3,4‐dichlorophenol concentration 6.7 mg L−1.