bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Frailty on Chemotherapy Outcomes in Patients With Digestive System Tumors
Authors: Xu Weiyan , Yang Hailing , Li Weihua , Wang Yaqian , Zhang Xu , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2024

Background
The prevalence of patients with digestive system tumors has been high. In recent years, frailty has been considered to be associated with poor prognosis of digestive system tumors, but there are conflicting research results. A better understanding of the relationship between frailty and outcomes after chemotherapy can help advance the development of oncology care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prechemotherapy frailty on chemotherapy toxicity, overall mortality, unplanned hospitalization, and overall survival in patients with digestive system tumors.

Methods
Up to April 2023, observational studies assessing the impact of frailty on chemotherapy outcomes in patients with digestive system tumors were collected through searching 10 online research databases. Two evaluators independently extracted literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
Eventually, 11 cohort studies encompassing 2380 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the frail group exhibited an increased risk of overall mortality, with poorer overall survival than the nonfrail group.

Conclusion
Frailty increases the risk of chemotherapy-induced toxic effects, unplanned hospitalization, and death in patients. However, because of this study’s limited number of participants, large-sample, multicenter studies to verify these findings are required.

Implications for Practice
This study provides theoretical support for incorporating frailty assessment into the nursing evaluation of patients with digestive system tumors before chemotherapy. This integration aids in predicting patients at a high risk of chemotherapy toxicity, mortality, and unplanned hospitalization, therefore providing corresponding interventions in advance to reduce adverse outcomes.
The Critical Role of Health Educators: Findings from the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS)
Authors: Escoffery Cam , Auld M. Elaine , Arana Mayela , Ravenhall Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
This analysis of governmental health educators from the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interest and Needs Survey (PH WINS) examines demographic and workplace characteristics, COVID-19 pandemic activities and beliefs, job satisfaction, training needs, mental health, and engagement in health equity.

Setting and Participants:
Participants were public health staff in public health agencies who completed the 2021 PH WINS.

Design and Main Outcome Measures:
Chi-square and means tests were used to compare job satisfaction, mental health status, training needs, and health equity concepts between health educators and other disciplines in the governmental public health workforce.

Results:
Like PH WINS 2017 findings, health educators were significantly younger, more likely to be female, more diverse, and more likely to work in regional/local health departments than the national governmental public health workforce. About 70% of health educators played a role in responding to the pandemic. Only 46.1% of health educators rated their mental health as excellent or very good as compared to 48.2% of other disciplines. About 31% considered leaving the organization due to stress, unsatisfactory opportunities, and lack of mentoring. Health educators expressed the need for training in financial and change management. Both health educators and other governmental workers expressed high levels of awareness of and confidence in addressing social determinants of health and health equity, but less confidence in addressing environmental justice. Certified health education specialists (CHES(R)) were significantly more likely to be aware of concepts of health equity, social determinants of health (SDOH), and structural racism than non-CHES(R).

Conclusion:
Overall, the training needs and job satisfaction of health educators changed little between the two surveys. However, COVID-19 had a significantly greater impact on their mental health status compared to other public health disciplines. They also are addressing racism in their communities and are more aware of health equity concepts than other public health disciplines. Implications for strengthening public health infrastructure, as well as recruitment/retention, professional preparation, and practice are provided.
Maintaining and Improving Virtual Call Centers for Public Health: The CUNY Recovery Corps Experience
Authors: Sharma Srividhya , El-Alfi Valerie , Greene Danielle 
Published: June 2024

Context:
In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, individuals who tested positive, exposed contacts, and their families faced significant challenges in accessing essential resources for successful quarantine and isolation. These resources included alternative housing, food access, grocery delivery, missed wage assistance, transportation for household members, medical care, and more.

Program:
The City University of New York (CUNY) Recovery Corps emerged as an innovative virtual resource navigation service to connect New Yorkers to essential resources and later to vaccinations, treatment, and services for Long COVID. The program prioritized reaching people living in underserved and under-resourced neighborhoods. Over 3 years, it made a substantial impact, reaching 374 728 New Yorkers and connecting 135 147 to crucial resources.

Implementation:
Implementing a successful virtual navigation center amidst a global pandemic posed unique challenges. It required well-established systems to provide services, manage staff, build community, and both assure and improve service quality.

Evaluation:
Continuous quality assurance and process improvement efforts resulted in a nearly 10-point increase in successful client-resource connections program-wide, with individual navigators showing improvements of up to 20%. Staff-led initiatives, such as population-specific resource guides and incentive awards, boosted morale and cohesion. Providing continuous professional development opportunities and requested training including trauma-informed care, self-care, and strategies for managing grief contributed to staff retention and improved client interactions.

Discussion:
The CUNY Recovery Corps provides a blueprint for setting up navigation services for emergency response and supporting health and social services. The current paper delves into the intensive quality improvement efforts, program management infrastructure, and staff support that made this program a success. By applying these lessons on establishing and maintaining a virtual call center prioritizing the client’s well-being and staff strengths, policymakers and social service leaders can effectively address various health and social service needs proactively rather than rebuilding after each disaster.
Is the Level of Consent to a National Research Registry Associated With Patient Outcomes After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury? A Population-Based Study From the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry
Authors: Dionne Antoine , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Hong Heather A. , Kurban Dilnur , Xu Jijie , Humphreys Suzanne , Bailey Chris , Barthélemy Dorothy , Christie Sean , Fourney Daryl , Linassi Gary , Loyola-Sanchez Adalberto , Paquet Jérôme , Sreenivasan Vidya , Townson Andrea , Tsai Eve , Noonan Vanessa , Richard-Denis Andréane ,   the RHSCIR Network
Published: June 2024

Objective
We examined the impact of consenting to the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry on outcomes: acute length of stay, in-hospital mortality, medical complications (pressure injuries and pneumonia), and the final discharge destination following a spinal cord injury using the national Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry dataset.

Design
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry participant data from 2014 to 2019. Participants approached for enrollment were grouped into 1) PC: provided full consent including community follow-up interviews, 2) DWC: declined community follow-up interviews but accepted minimal data collection that may include initial/final interviews and/or those who later withdrew consent, and 3) DC: declined consent to any participation. As no data was collected for the DC group, descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regression analysis was limited to the PC and DWC groups.

Results
Of 2811 participants, 2101 (74.7%) were PC, 553 (19.7%) were DWC, and 157 (5.6%) were DC. DWC participants had significantly longer acute length of stay, more acute pneumonias/pressure injuries, and were less likely to be discharged home than PC participants. All these associations—except pneumonia—remained significant in the multivariable analyses.

Conclusions
Not participating fully in Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry was associated with more complications and longer hospital stays.
First-trimester exposure to newer antiretroviral agents and congenital anomalies in a US cohort
Authors: Fung Kelly , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Zash Rebecca , Chadwick Ellen G. , Van Dyke Russell B. , Broadwell Carly , Jao Jennifer , Powis Kathleen , Yee Lynn M. , Williams Paige L. ,   for the Pediatrics HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To characterize associations of exposure to newer antiretroviral medications in the first trimester with congenital anomalies among infants born to persons with HIV in the United States.

Design:
Longitudinal cohort of infants born 2012–2022 to pregnant persons with HIV enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study.

Methods:
First-trimester exposures to newer antiretrovirals (ARVs) were abstracted from maternal medical records. Trained site staff conducted physical exams and abstracted congenital anomalies from infant medical records. Investigators classified anomalies using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program classification system. The prevalence of major congenital anomalies identified by age one year was estimated for infants exposed and unexposed to each ARV. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of major congenital anomalies for each ARV exposure, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Of 2034 infants, major congenital anomalies were identified in 135 [6.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.6–7.8%]. Cardiovascular (n = 43) and musculoskeletal (n = 37) anomalies were the most common. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) of congenital anomalies were 1.03 (0.62–1.72) for darunavir, 0.91 (0.46–1.81) for raltegravir, 1.04 (0.58–1.85) for rilpivirine, 1.31 (0.71–2.41) for elvitegravir, 0.76 (0.37–1.57) for dolutegravir, and 0.34 (0.05–2.51) for bictegravir, compared to those unexposed to each specific ARV. Findings were similar after adjustment for nucleoside/nucleotide backbones.

Conclusions:
The odds of congenital anomalies among infants with first-trimester exposure to newer ARVs did not differ substantially from those unexposed to these specific ARVs, which is reassuring. Continued evaluation of these ARVs with larger studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
Persistence and Sexual Dimorphism of Gut Dysbiosis and Pathobiome after Sepsis and Trauma
Authors: Munley Jennifer A. , Park Gwoncheol , Kelly Lauren S. , Kannan Kolenkode B. , Mankowski Robert T. , Casadesus Gemma , Chakrabarty Paramita , Wallet Shannon M. , Maile Robert , Bible Letitia E. , Wang Bo , Moldawer Lyle L. , Mohr Alicia M. , Nagpal Ravinder , Efron Philip A. 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the persistence of intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and gut-plasma metabolomic perturbations following severe trauma or sepsis weeks after admission in patients experiencing chronic critical illness (CCI).

Summary:
Trauma and sepsis can lead to gut dysbiosis and alterations in the plasma and fecal metabolome. However, the impact of these perturbations and correlations between gut dysbiosis and the plasma metabolome in chronic critical illness have not been studied.

Methods:
A prospective observational cohort study was performed with healthy subjects, severe trauma patients, and patients with sepsis residing in an intensive care unit for 2 to 3 weeks. A high-throughput multi-omics approach was utilized to evaluate the gut microbial and gut-plasma metabolite responses in critically ill trauma and sepsis patients 14 to 21 days after intensive care unit admission.

Results:
Patients in the sepsis and trauma cohorts demonstrated strikingly depleted gut microbiome diversity, with significant alterations and specific pathobiome patterns in the microbiota composition compared to healthy subjects. Further subgroup analyses based on sex revealed resistance to changes in microbiome diversity among female trauma patients compared to healthy counterparts. Sex--specific changes in fecal metabolites were also observed after trauma and sepsis, while plasma metabolite changes were similar in both males and females.

Conclusions:
Dysbiosis induced by trauma and sepsis persists up to 14 to 21 days after onset and is sex-specific, underscoring the implication of pathobiome and entero-septic microbial-metabolite perturbations in post-sepsis and posttrauma chronic critical illness. This indicates resilience to infection or injury in females’ microbiome and should inform and facilitate future precision/personalized medicine strategies in the intensive care unit.
Flavobacterium poyangense sp. nov., an ammonifying bacterium isolated from a freshwater lake
Authors: Li Ya , Wang Xiyang , Deng Tao , Zheng Guohua , Tu Zuxin , Zhang Lili , Yuan Lin 
Published: June 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped, and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain JXAS1T, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Poyang Lake in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, being closest to Flavobacterium pectinovorum DSM 6368T (98.61 %). The genome size of strain JXAS1T was 4.66 Mb with DNA G+C content 35.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain JXAS1T and its closest relatives were below the threshold values of 95 and 70 %, respectively. The strain contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the predominant menaquinone and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, and one unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3OH, iso-C15 : 0 3OH, and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0). Based on phylogenetic, genotypic, and phenotypic evidence, the isolated strain represents a new species in the genus Flavobacterium, and the name Flavobacterium poyangense is proposed. The type strain is JXAS1T (=GDMCC 1.1378T=KCTC 62719T).
Cross-infection ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs from a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil
Authors: Boeira Veridiana Lenartovicz , Bezagio Renata Coltro , Carvalho Marina Silva de , Gandra Rinaldo Ferreira , de Abreu Ana Paula , Massara Cristiano Lara , Colli Cristiane Maria , Toledo Max Jean de Ornelas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAscaris lumbricoidesandAscaris suumare nematode parasites that infect millions of people and pigs worldwide, respectively. Reports of cross-infection between the two host species has stimulated molecular epidemiological studies of theAscarisgenus. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics ofAscaristransmission between Guarani indigenous schoolchildren, pigs, and the environment of a village in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsParasitological and molecular analyses of fecal samples from humans and pigs, and soil samples from the village were carried out. Eggs ofAscarisspp. were observed in 8.4% (7/83) of human samples, 44.4% (8/18) of pig samples, and 8.9% (6/68) of soil samples. PCR amplification of theITS-1locus of the rDNA gene in samples that were positive in the parasitological examination revealed cross-infection by the two species,A. lumbricoidesandA. suum, in human and swine hosts. The soil, which was contaminated by both human and swine feces, also contained eggs of the twoAscarisspecies, thus constituting a source ofAscarisinfection for both hosts. DNA from both nematode species, individually and mixed, was detected in samples from both hosts and the soil.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results of this study indicate that more effective control measures, aimed at the correct disposal of both human and animal feces, should be implemented.Author SummaryDespite the control measures implemented in Brazilian Indigenous Lands, the prevalence of intestinal parasites continues to vary from moderate to high in its inhabitants. On the other hand, the number of indigenous people residing in Brazil has been increasing in last decades, including the South region of the country, where a much smaller proportion of indigenous people reside compared to the North region.Ascaris lumbricoidesandAscaris suumare the most prevalent helminth parasites in humans and pigs, respectively. The possibility of cross-infection byAscarisspp. between humans and pigs has been analyzed in order to propose more effective control measures. In this research, we use parasitological and molecular methods to verify the presence of these parasites in fecal samples from schoolchildren and pigs, in addition to soil samples, from a Guarani indigenous village in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Genetic material from both individual and associated nematode species was detected in host and soil samples, indicating cross-transmission in these populations. Control measures aimed at the correct disposal of human and animal feces must be implemented in order to minimize damage to health and prevent new infections.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Young Adults (26-35 Years Old) in Indonesia: Analysis of Secondary Data from Riskesdas 2018
Authors: Putri Laluna Rachma , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Azam Mahalul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, there are 54% adults diagnosed with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension increased, based on the basic health survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS) in 2013, the prevalence of hypertension was 25.8%, while the on the RISKESDAS 2018 data increased to 34.1%. This research aimed to find out the risk factors of hypertension among young adults in Indonesia using RISKESDAS 2018 data.MethodThe research design approach observational quantitative by cross-sectional design. This research used secondary data from RISKESDAS 2018 with a total of 140,073 subjects aged 26-35 years. All subjects who fulfil the inclusion criteria will be analyzed (n=78,000). Data analysed by chi-square test and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe result of research exposed gender (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), education levels (p<0.001), working status (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), emotional mental disorder (p<0.001), and instant food consumption (p<0.001) has a significant consequence of hypertension.ConclusionsThe results of research can be used as a consideration for creating programs and policies to control risk factors or hypertension among young adults in Indonesia. Promotive and preventive policies programs related to hypertension must reach the community to reduce hypertension morbidity and mortality rates.
Neutrophil extracellular traps formation and deposition of fibrin and von Willebrand factor during human coronary atherogenesis
Authors: Nakamura Eriko , Horiuchi Saki , Maekawa Kazunari , Gi Toshihiro , Oguri Nobuyuki , Aman Murasaki , Moriguchi-Goto Sayaka , Asada Yujiro , Yamashita Atsushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), fibrin, and the von Willebrand factor (VWF) are present in acute coronary thrombotic plaques. However, the presence and extent of NETs, fibrin, and VWF in early-to-unstable coronary atherosclerotic lesions remain unclear. This study aims to determine the presence and extent of neutrophils, NETs, fibrin, and VWF formation during human coronary atherogenesis.MethodsCoronary sections from autopsy patients with non-cardiac death (n=5, 37 sections) and ischemic heart diseases (n= 11, 65 sections) were classified by atherosclerosis classification: diffuse intimal thickening, pathological intimal thickening, fibrous cap atheroma, fibrocalcified plaque, thin-cap fibroatheroma, ruptured plaque, and intraplaque hemorrhage. We immunohistochemically assessed the expression of CD66b (neutrophils), citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3, a marker of NETs), fibrin, and VWF.ResultsNeutrophil and Cit-H3 expression were rarely observed, except in thin-cap fibroatheromas and ruptured plaques. Fibrin deposition was observed in pathological intimal thickening and necrotic cores of atheromas, and it was abundant in thin-cap fibroatheroma and ruptured plaques. VWF deposition was observed in the necrotic core of the atheromas and was abundant in ruptured plaques. In non-ruptured plaques, the immunopositive areas for Cit-H3 and fibrin were larger in hemorrhagic plaques than in non-hemorrhagic plaques.ConclusionsThese results suggest that NET formation is rare in stable coronary plaques, and fibrin formation begins in stable lesions and increases with plaque destabilization in the coronary artery. Intraplaque hemorrhage may promote NET formation and fibrin deposition in non-ruptured plaques. The abundance of neutrophilic infiltrates and VWF deposition may be a response to plaque rupture.
Impact of cardiometabolic factors and blood beta-amyloid on the volume of white matter hyperintensities in dementia-free subjects with cognitive complaints
Authors: Riquelme-Contreras Patricio , Hornberger Michael , Khondoker Mizanur , Henriquez Fernando , Gonzalez-Campo Cecilia , Altschuler Florencia , Fraile-Vazquez Matías , Lukasewicz-Ferreira Pamela , Bellaver Bruna , Karikari Thomas , Pascoal Tharick A. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Okuma Cecilia , Gonzalez-Billault Christian , Court Felipe , Cerda Mauricio , Lillo Patricia , Slachevsky Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have traditionally been associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition reportedly contributes to WMHs; however, this relationship remains unclear in dementia-free subjects with cognitive complaints (CC). Here, we explored the relationship between WMHs and cardiometabolic and Aβ blood biomarkers in a community-based cohort of Latin American CC participants.MethodsWe recruited 112 individuals with CC (69 – 92 YO, 90 females) with available plasma Aβ biomarkers and cardiometabolic markers (systolic – diastolic blood pressure and glycaemia). WMHs were quantified using a lesion segmentation tool based on SPM12 and segmented using the John Hopkins University (JHU) Atlas and ALVIN segmentation for periventricular and subcortical white matter. Linear multiple regression models were fitted to assess total WMH lesions and the segmented tract, using demographics, cardiometabolic, and Aβ blood biomarker measures as independent variables.ResultsAfter multiple comparison corrections, diastolic blood pressure was associated with WMHs, specifically in the right anterior thalamic radiation, left cingulum, minor forceps, and subcortical ALVIN segmentation. Glycaemia was associated with WMH volume in forceps major, forceps minor, and right fronto-occipital fasciculi. Conversely, Aβ blood biomarkers and systolic blood pressure showed no association with WMH overall or in specific tracts.ConclusionOur findings suggest that, in dementia-free CC individuals, WMH volume was more related to cardiometabolic factors, whereas Aβ blood biomarkers might be of less relevance. Dementia prevention strategies in individuals might be a useful focus for managing high peripheral vessel resistance and endothelial damage due to hypertension and hyperglycaemia.