bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized intensive insulin dosing can mitigate hypoglycemia and achieve tight glycemic control when glucose measurement is performed frequently and on time
Authors: Juneja Rattan , Roudebush Corbin P , Nasraway Stanley A , Golas Adam A , Jacobi Judith , Carroll Joni , Nelson Deborah , Abad Victor J , Flanders Samuel J 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Control of blood glucose (BG) in critically ill patients is considered important, but is difficult to achieve, and often associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia. We examined the use of a computerized insulin dosing algorithm to manage hyperglycemia with particular attention to frequency and conditions surrounding hypoglycemic events.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of adult patients with hyperglycemia receiving intravenous (IV) insulin therapy from March 2006 to December 2007 in the intensive care units of 2 tertiary care teaching hospitals. Patients placed on a glycemic control protocol using the Clarian GlucoStabilizer™ IV insulin dosing calculator with a target range of 4.4-6.1 mmol/L were analyzed. Metrics included time to target, time in target, mean blood glucose ± standard deviation, % measures in hypoglycemic ranges <3.9 mmol/L, per-patient hypoglycemia, and BG testing interval.

Results
4,588 ICU patients were treated with the GlucoStabilizer to a BG target range of 4.4-6.1 mmol/L. We observed 254 severe hypoglycemia episodes (BG <2.2 mmol/L) in 195 patients, representing 0.1% of all measurements, and in 4.25% of patients or 0.6 episodes per 1000 hours on insulin infusion. The most common contributing cause for hypoglycemia was measurement delay (n = 170, 66.9%). The median (interquartile range) time to achieve the target range was 5.9 (3.8 - 8.9) hours. Nearly all (97.5%) of patients achieved target and remained in target 73.4% of the time. The mean BG (± SD) after achieving target was 5.4 (± 0.52) mmol/L. Targeted blood glucose levels were achieved at similar rates with low incidence of severe hypoglycemia in patients with and without diabetes, sepsis, renal, and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Glycemic control to a lower glucose target range can be achieved using a computerized insulin dosing protocol. With particular attention to timely measurement and adjustment of insulin doses the risk of hypoglycemia experienced can be minimized.
Synthesis of Ordered Macroporous Co3O4 Microspheres via an Easy Melt Infiltration Route
Authors: Feng Shaoqing , Zheng Mingbo , Li Nianwu , Ji Guangbin , Cao Jieming 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Uniform Co3O4 microspheres with ordered macroporous structure were synthesized via an easy melt infiltration method. Colloidal silica crystal was used as a hard template and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as the precursor. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A formation mechanism was also proposed.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Direct Henry Reaction of Pyruvates Mediated by Chiral P-Spiro Tetraaminophosphonium Salts
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Ito Takaki , Nakamura Shinji , Sakaki Sawako , Ooi Takashi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The stereoselective direct Henry reaction of pyruvates mediated by chiral P-spiro tetraaminophosphonium salts is described. High levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivities have been achieved by the use of l-valine-derived (P,S)-2e bearing para-chlorophenyl groups as a precatalyst.
Thermoresponsive Polyphosphoesters Bearing Enzyme-cleavable Side Chains
Authors: Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Kawakita Takashi , Yusa Shin-ichi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Thermoresponsive polyphosphoesters bearing acetoxymethyl (AM) groups were newly synthesized. The polymers had the LCST-type cloud point in aqueous media, and the thermoresponsive phenomena was influenced by the condition of the medium. About 40% of the AM groups in the polymers were cleaved in contact with esterase for 24 h in phosphate buffer solution. This was significant compared with the spontaneous cleavage in the buffer solution. After the cleavage of the AM groups, the thermoresponsivity of the polyphosphoesters was diminished.
Thermotropic Columnar Liquid Crystal of a C6-Symmetric Hydrogen-bonded Hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene Derivative with Amino Acid Pendant Groups
Authors: Sakajiri Koichi , Yoshida Hironori , Moriya Keiichi , Kutsumizu Shoichi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The thermotropic liquid crystalline C6-symmetric hydrogen-bonded disk-like molecule has been obtained in a hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivative bearing chiral didodecyl l-glutamates, which forms a hexagonal columnar phase over a wide temperature range including room temperature, where each π–π stacking between the large central cores is reinforced by the six intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis and Stability of Optically Active Benzylmethylphenyltelluronium Salts
Authors: Shimizu Toshio , Azami Yoko , Sakurai Ryuuya , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Kamigata Nobumasa 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Diastereomeric benzylmethylphenyltelluronium salt was synthesized and optically resolved into the respective optical isomers. The absolute configurations of the isomers were determined by X-ray analysis of the (−)-isomer. Enantiomeric telluronium salts were also obtained by anion-exchange reactions of the diastereomeric isomers. Optically active telluronium bromide was found to racemize in solution and the racemization was indicated to occur through the elimination of benzyl bromide.
A S-Bridged CoIIICuIICoIII Trinuclear Complex with an Unusual Copper(II) Ion Bound by Four Aliphatic Thiolato Donors
Authors: Konno Takumi , Tamai Toshihiro , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Treatment of ΔΔ-[NiII{CoIII(aet)2(R,R-chxn)}2](ClO4)4 (Haet = 2-aminoethanethiol, R,R-chxn = 1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine) with Cu(ClO4)2 in water gave ΔΔ-[CuII{CoIII(aet)2(R,R-chxn)}2](ClO4)4 (1), in which a central copper(II) ion is surrounded by four aliphatic thiolato donors in a twisted square-planar geometry. Complex 1 was converted to ΔΔ-[CuICl{CoIII(aet)2(R,R-chxn)}2](ClO4)2 (2) by treatment with NaCl in water, while 2 was reverted back to 1 by treatment with NaClO4.
Die Präferenztheorie in der historischen Phonologie aus junggrammatischer Perspektive
Authors: Hill Eugen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe paper deals with the so-called Preference Theory developed in the works of Theo Vennemann and Robert Murray within the scope of historical phonology. The first part of the paper examines the constituting assumptions and claims of the theory. The goal of the preference-based historical phonology – uncovering the motivation for sound changes which the Neogrammarian methodology can merely describe – will be achieved only if the universal preferences are reliably established. It is shown that the procedures which are employed to extract the universal preferences from empirical data do not lead to reliable results. The reason for this is the failure of the Preference Theory to distinguish in a non-arbitrary way between the alleged universally preferred structures and the mere by-products of sound changes with different or unknown motivation. The second part of the paper examines a recently suggested modification of the traditional notion of the exceptionlessness of sound changes. According to Vennemann, the traditional exceptionless sound changes are in fact to be considered as non-exclusive tendencies towards universally more preferred phonological structures. The paper shows that this position is neither based on the core assumptions of the Preference Theory nor supported by the adduced empirical evidence.
Skandal im Verbkomplex. Betrachtungen zur scheinbar inkorrekten Morphologie in infiniten Verbkomplexen des Deutschen
Authors: Vogel Ralf 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In German infinite verbal complexes with three verbs we can observe a phenomenon which so far has been treated as an irregular exception, because in a particular order, so-called ‘312 order’, all three verbs seem to occur in a wrong form. Corpus research shows, however, that the putative exception has a systematic character and can be observed over a longer time in German. This article therefore tries to take a different perspective: the problem does not lie in the exceptional expressions, but rather in our theory of German grammar which so far has not been able to derive the structures as regular. We present an optimality theoretic account of sentence final verbal complexes in German which is able to derive all systematically occurring expressions. The account comes with the cost that some thus far widely shared assumptions have to be revised. These assumptions concern the role of the infinitive marker ‘zu’ as well as the role of participial and infinitival morphology.
Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Coal and Coke
Authors: Nadkarni R. A. Kishore 
Published: October 2009

Description
Features ALL 55 ASTM analytical test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke
The essential elements of all ASTM analytical tests used to characterize coal and coke are now available in one unique volume.
This guide includes brief descriptions of all 56 ASTM test methods that cover the physical, chemical, and spectroscopic analytical techniques to qualitatively and quantitatively identify over 40 chemical and physical properties of coal, coke, their products, and by-products.
ASTM Committee D05 leads the worldwide efforts to standardize the test methods used to characterize coal and coke properties. These ASTM standards are considered to be final authority for the quality of a coal or coke related product.
Reliability of Genomic Predictions Across Multiple Populations
Authors: de Roos A P W , Hayes B J , Goddard M E 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Genomic prediction of future phenotypes or genetic merit using dense SNP genotypes can be used for prediction of disease risk, forensics, and genomic selection of livestock and domesticated plant species. The reliability of genomic predictions is their squared correlation with the true genetic merit and indicates the proportion of the genetic variance that is explained. As reliability relies heavily on the number of phenotypes, combining data sets from multiple populations may be attractive as a way to increase reliabilities, particularly when phenotypes are scarce. However, this strategy may also decrease reliabilities if the marker effects are very different between the populations. The effect of combining multiple populations on the reliability of genomic predictions was assessed for two simulated cattle populations, A and B, that had diverged for T = 6, 30, or 300 generations. The training set comprised phenotypes of 1000 individuals from population A and 0, 300, 600, or 1000 individuals from population B, while marker density and trait heritability were varied. Adding individuals from population B to the training set increased the reliability in population A by up to 0.12 when the marker density was high and T = 6, whereas it decreased the reliability in population A by up to 0.07 when the marker density was low and T = 300. Without individuals from population B in the training set, the reliability in population B was up to 0.77 lower than in population A, especially for large T. Adding individuals from population B to the training set increased the reliability in population B to close to the same level as in population A when the marker density was sufficiently high for the marker–QTL linkage disequilibrium to persist across populations. Our results suggest that the most accurate genomic predictions are achieved when phenotypes from all populations are combined in one training set, while for more diverged populations a higher marker density is required.
Fine Mapping and Haplotype Structure Analysis of a Major Flowering Time Quantitative Trait Locus on Maize Chromosome 10
Authors: Ducrocq Sébastien , Giauffret Catherine , Madur Delphine , Combes Valérie , Dumas Fabrice , Jouanne Sophie , Coubriche Denis , Jamin Philippe , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFlowering time is a major adaptive trait in plants and an important selection criterion for crop species. In maize, however, little is known about its molecular basis. In this study, we report the fine mapping and characterization of a major quantitative trait locus located on maize chromosome 10, which regulates flowering time through photoperiod sensitivity. This study was performed in near-isogenic material derived from a cross between the day-neutral European flint inbred line FV286 and the tropical short-day inbred line FV331. Recombinant individuals were identified among a large segregating population and their progenies were scored for flowering time. Combined genotypic characterization led to delimit the QTL to an interval of 170 kb and highlighted an unbalanced recombination pattern. Two bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) covering the region were analyzed to identify putative candidate genes, and synteny with rice, sorghum, and brachypodium was investigated. A gene encoding a CCT domain protein homologous to the rice Ghd7 heading date regulator was identified, but its causative role was not demonstrated and deserves further analyses. Finally, an association study showed a strong level of linkage disequilibrium over the region and highlighted haplotypes that could provide useful information for the exploitation of genetic resources and marker-assisted selection in maize.
Evolutionary Dynamics of the Genomic Region Around the Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta in AA Genome Oryza Species
Authors: Lee Seonghee , Costanzo Stefano , Jia Yulin , Olsen Kenneth M , Caicedo Ana L 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The race-specific resistance gene Pi-ta has been effectively used to control blast disease, one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. A single amino acid change at the 918 position of the Pi-ta protein was known to determine resistance specificity. To understand the evolutionary dynamics present, we examined sequences of the Pi-ta locus and its flanking regions in 159 accessions composed of seven AA genome Oryza species: O. sativa, O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. meridionalis, O. glaberrima, O. barthii, and O. glumaepatula. A 3364-bp fragment encoding a predicted transposon was found in the proximity of the Pi-ta promoter region associated with the resistance phenotype. Haplotype network analysis with 33 newly identified Pi-ta haplotypes and 18 newly identified Pi-ta protein variants demonstrated the evolutionary relationships of Pi-ta haplotypes between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. In O. rufipogon, the recent directional selection was found in the Pi-ta region, while significant deviation from neutral evolution was not found in all O. sativa groups. Results of sequence variation in flanking regions around Pi-ta in O. sativa suggest that the size of the resistant Pi-ta introgressed block was at least 5.4 Mb in all elite resistant cultivars but not in the cultivars without Pi-ta. These findings demonstrate that the Pi-ta region with transposon and additional plant modifiers has evolved under an extensive selection pressure during crop breeding.
Analysis of Ipl1-Mediated Phosphorylation of the Ndc80 Kinetochore Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Akiyoshi Bungo , Nelson Christian R , Ranish Jeffrey A , Biggins Sue 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Phosphorylation of the Ndc80 kinetochore protein by the Ipl1/Aurora B kinase reduces its microtubule binding activity in vitro. We found that kinetochore-bound Ndc80 is phosphorylated on Ipl1 sites in vivo, but this phosphorylation is not essential. Instead, we show that additional Ipl1 targets contribute to segregation and the spindle checkpoint.
Budding Yeast Dbf4 Sequences Required for Cdc7 Kinase Activation and Identification of a Functional Relationship Between the Dbf4 and Rev1 BRCT Domains
Authors: Harkins Victoria , Gabrielse Carrie , Haste Louise , Weinreich Michael 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Cdc7-Dbf4 is a two-subunit kinase required for initiating DNA replication. The Dbf4 regulatory subunit is required for Cdc7 kinase activity. Previous studies have shown that the C termini of Dbf4 orthologs encode a single (putative) C2H2 zinc (Zn) finger, referred to as “motif C.” By mutational analysis we show that the Zn finger is not required for the essential function of Dbf4. However, deletion and point mutants altering conserved Zn-finger residues exhibit a substantially slowed S-phase, DNA damage sensitivity, and a hypo-mutagenic phenotype following UV irradiation. Using two-hybrid and biochemical assays, we show that the Dbf4 Zn finger interacts with Cdc7 and stimulates its kinase activity. However, a separable Dbf4 region also mediates an interaction with Cdc7 such that only the loss of both Cdc7-interacting regions results in lethality. In contrast, an N-terminal BRCT-like domain is not required for induced mutagenesis nor does it interact with Cdc7. By making chimeric Dbf4 proteins that contain known BRCT domains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the BRCT domain from Rev1, a translesion DNA polymerase, can uniquely substitute for the Dbf4 BRCT domain. Thus, we have mapped regions on budding yeast Dbf4 required for binding and activating Cdc7 kinase. Our data also suggest that the Dbf4 and Rev1 BRCT domains interact with a common protein or structure, although the precise function of both domains and their binding partners remains elusive.
High-Dose Cysteine Administration Does Not Increase Synthesis of the Antioxidant Glutathione Preterm Infants
Authors: te Braake Frans W.J. , Schierbeek Henk , Vermes Andras , Huijmans Jan G.M. , van Goudoever Johannes B. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether administration of additional cysteine is safe and stimulates glutathione synthesis in preterm infants in early life.METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, clinical trial with infants with birth weights of &lt;1500 g (N = 20). The infants were assigned randomly to receive either a standard dose (45 mg/kg per day) or a high dose (81 mg/kg per day) of cysteine. Intakes of other amino acids were similar, providing a total protein intake of 2.4 g/kg per day in both groups. We recorded base requirements in the first 6 days of life. On postnatal day 2, we conducted a stable isotope study to determine glutathione concentrations and synthesis rates in erythrocytes.RESULTS: Base requirements were higher in the high-dose cysteine group on days 3, 4, and 5. Despite an 80% increase in cysteine intake, plasma cystine concentrations did not increase. Glutathione concentrations and synthesis rates did not increase with additional cysteine administration.CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a high dose of cysteine (81 mg/kg per day) to preterm infants seems clinically safe but does not stimulate glutathione synthesis, compared with a lower dose (45 mg/kg per day). Further research is required to determine whether there is significant benefit associated with cysteine supplementation.
Adoption of Rotavirus Vaccination by Pediatricians and Family Medicine Physicians in the United States
Authors: Kempe Allison , Patel Manish M. , Daley Matthew F. , Crane Lori A. , Beaty Brenda , Stokley Shannon , Barrow Jennifer , Babbel Christine , Dickinson L. Miriam , Tempte Jonathan L. , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVES: The goals were to assess, among pediatricians and family medicine physicians, (1) rates of offering the vaccine in their office; (2) knowledge of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations; (3) barriers to use; and (4) factors associated with offering the vaccine.
METHODS: Surveys of pediatricians and family medicine physicians were conducted in August to October 2007.
RESULTS: Response rates were 84% for pediatricians and 79% for family medicine physicians (N = 623). Proportions routinely offering the vaccine were 85% of pediatricians and 45% of family medicine physicians (P &lt; .0001); 70% of pediatricians and 22% of family medicine strongly recommended the vaccine (P &lt; .0001). Sixty-two percent of pediatricians and 32% of family medicine physicians (P &lt; .0001) knew the age by which all 3 doses should be completed. Definite barriers to vaccine use included reported lack of coverage by insurance companies (family medicine physicians: 22%; pediatricians: 19%; not significant), costs of purchasing vaccine (family medicine physicians: 22%; pediatricians: 17%; not significant), lack of adequate reimbursement (family medicine physicians: 18%; pediatricians: 15%; not significant), concerns about safety (family medicine physicians: 25%; pediatricians: 9%; P &lt; .0001), and concerns about adding another vaccine to the schedule (family medicine physicians: 22%; pediatricians: 5%; P &lt; .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Rates of offering the new rotavirus vaccine are high among pediatricians but &lt;50% among family medicine physicians. Both specialties identified financial barriers to use of the vaccine, but family medicine physicians had significantly more concerns about safety and about adding another vaccine to the vaccination schedule.
Athletic Participation in Severe Hemophilia: Bleeding and Joint Outcomes in Children on Prophylaxis
Authors: Ross Cassie , Goldenberg Neil A. , Hund Dana , Manco-Johnson Marilyn J. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine joint outcomes relative to impact level of athletic participation among school-aged children who had hemophilia and were taking prophylactic factor replacement, as well as to investigate prognostic factors for joint outcomes.
METHODS: School-aged boys with severe hemophilia A or B at a single center were included in the study. Clinical data on baseline joint status, BMI, hemophilia treatment, bleeding episodes, joint assessments, athletic participation, and injuries were retrospectively reviewed. Data on athletic participation were supplemented, when incomplete in the medical record, via structured telephone interview.
RESULTS: Among 37 children with severe hemophilia A or B receiving factor prophylaxis, 73% participated in high-impact activities, whereas 27% participated in exclusively low-impact activities. The frequency of joint hemorrhages and new injuries did not appreciably differ between high- and low-impact athletics. In most instances, children developed &lt;1 bleed or injury per season. A new target joint developed in 1 (3%) child. Sixteen percent of children met established BMI criteria for overweight, and 3% were obese. In logistic regression analyses with adjustment for prophylaxis frequency, level of athletic participation was not a significant prognostic factor for joint hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of regular prophylaxis and adult coaching and supervision, significant bleeding complications were uncommon and level of impact of athletic participation was not a prognostic factor for joint outcomes. Athletic participation with appropriate supervision and precautions should be encouraged in children with hemophilia receiving prophylaxis, given potential health benefits in an increasingly overweight pediatric population.