bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cathode ray tube display formats on quality‐assurance auditor's performance
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Mohamed Ahamed , El‐Hariry Hussien 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe auditing process is a necessary and integral part of a quality‐assurance system. The tendency of using computers in the auditing process is a necessity. This work describes three experiments designed to explore the effects of presenting written material variables on reading speed and comprehension. Five graduate students who consented to participate first completed the font style selection process among six Arabic font styles. “Simplified,” “Traditional,” and “Koufi” font styles were selected from the typography style selection process to be implemented in the next two experiments. Eleven auditors and fourteen undergraduate students with and without knowledge of using computers participated in the second and the third experiments. The font types (Simplified Arabic, Traditional Arabic, and Monotype Koufi) and the font sizes (10, 13, and 16 point) were independent variables in the second experiment. Color combinations (white/black, black/white, blue/white, and white/blue), column types (one and two columns) that are crossed within auditors and naive students were the independent variables in the third experiment. Reading speed, comprehension levels in terms of accuracy of answering recognition and recall questions, and discomfort subjective measures were the dependent variables in both experiments. Results showed that the quality‐assurance auditors were superior to students at reading speed and comprehension. A 13‐point Simplified Arabic font type was better than other font type and font size combinations in terms of reading comprehension and discomfort measure. In addition, white characters on a black background screen color was superior to other character\screen color combinations in terms of reading speed, reading comprehension, and discomfort measure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River
Authors: Dai Zhi‐Jun , Chu Ao , Du Jin‐Zhou , Stive Marcel , Hong Yan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAttention has been given to baseflow in large rivers, but up to now, no study on baseflow for the Yangtze River in combination with extreme drought and extensive human activities has been carried out. Discharge data in 2000–2005 and in the extreme drought years, 1978 and 2006, at stations along the main stream, lakes and distributaries of the Yangtze River were collected to analyse the features of baseflow in 2006 by using baseflow separation technique, HYSEP. It can be seen that the baseflow relative to the streamflow in 2006 was greater than those in other years. The variation of baseflow discharge in the Upper Yangtze River Stream (UYRS) was larger than that in the Mid‐Lower Yangtze River Stream (MLYRS). Human activities in MLYRS are more intensive than that in the UYRS and the baseflow discharge was greater. The baseflow is influenced by the extreme climate and human activities along the Yangtze River with the former being the dominant factor in 2006. The contribution of human interference to baseflow discharge was about 10% in 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No role for human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China
Authors: Koshiol Jill , Wei Wen‐Qiang , Kreimer Aimee R. , Chen Wen , Gravitt Patti , Ren Jian‐Song , Abnet Christian C. , Wang Jian‐Bing , Kamangar Farin , Lin Dong‐Mei , von Knebel‐Doeberitz Magnus , Zhang Yu , Viscidi Raphael , Wang Guo‐Qing , Gillison Maura L. , Roth Mark J. , Dong Zhi‐Wei , Kim Esther , Taylor Philip R. , Qiao You‐Lin , Dawsey Sanford M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCertain regions of China have high rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous studies of human papillomavirus (HPV), a proposed causal factor, have produced highly variable results. We attempted to evaluate HPV and ESCC more definitively using extreme care to prevent DNA contamination. We collected tissue and serum in China from 272 histopathologically‐confirmed ESCC cases with rigorous attention to good molecular biology technique. We tested for HPV DNA in fresh‐frozen tumor tissue using PCR with PGMY L1 consensus primers and HPV16 and 18 type‐specific E6 and E7 primers, and in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue using SPF10 L1 primers. In HPV‐positive cases, we evaluated p16INK4a overexpression and HPV E6/E7 seropositivity as evidence of carcinogenic HPV activity. β‐globin, and thus DNA, was adequate in 98.2% of the frozen tumor tissues (267/272). Of these, 99.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 97.9–100.0%) were negative for HPV DNA by PGMY, and 100% (95% CI = 98.6–100%) were negative by HPV16/18 E6/E7 PCR. In the corresponding formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens, 99.3% (95% CI = 97.3–99.9%) were HPV negative by SPF10. By PGMY, 1 case tested weakly positive for HPV89, a noncancer causing HPV type. By SPF10, 2 cases tested weakly positive: 1 for HPV16 and 1 for HPV31. No HPV DNA‐positive case had evidence of HPV oncogene activity as measured by p16INK4a overexpression or E6/E7 seropositivity. This study provides the most definitive evidence to date that HPV is not involved in ESCC carcinogenesis in China. HPV DNA contamination cannot be ruled out as an explanation for high HPV prevalence in ESCC tissue studies with less stringent tissue procurement and processing protocols.
Behaviors of ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors during maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro
Authors: Wee Gabbine , Shin Sang‐Tae , Koo Deog‐Bon , Han Yong‐Mahn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe mammalian oocyte undergoes dynamic changes in chromatin structure to reach complete maturation. However, little known is about behaviors of ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ACRFs) during meiosis. Here, we found that respective ACRFs may differently behave in the process of oocyte maturation in the bovine. All ACRFs interacted with oocytic chromatin at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. Mi‐2 and hSNF2H disappeared from GV‐chromatin within 1 hr of in vitro culture whereas Brg‐1 and BAF‐170 were retained throughout germinal vesicle break down (GVBD). Brg‐1 was localized on the condensed chromatin outside, whereas BAF‐170 was entirely excluded from condensed chromatin. Thereafter, Brg‐1 and BAF‐170 interacted with metaphase I and metaphase II chromosomes. These results imply that Mi‐2 and hSNF2H may initiate the meiotic resumption, and Brg‐1 and BAF‐170 may support chromatin condensation during meiosis. In addition, DNA methylation and methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) seem to be constantly retained in the oocyte chromatin throughout in vitro maturation. Inhibition of ACRF activity by treatment with the inhibitor apyrase led to retarded chromatin remodeling in bovine oocytes, thereby resulting in poor development of fertilized embryos. Therefore, these results indicate that precise behaviors of ACRFs during meiosis are critical for nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development in the bovine. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 126–135, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are single‐gift committed donors different from their multiple‐gift counterparts?
Authors: Shen Anyuan , Tsai Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCommitted donors who keep giving every year are a key asset for nonprofit organizations because they provide a steady funding source and return a higher lifetime value. We distinguish between committed donors who give only one gift per year (single‐gift (SG) donors) and those who give multiple gifts in at least some year (multiple‐gift (MG) donors).In this paper, we study whether SG donors and MG donors follow different longitudinal patterns of gift‐giving in four consecutive years. We theorize that a donor's yearly gift amount is an indication of his or her willingness to give (WTG) to the organization and may be explained in terms of his or her intrinsic willingness to give (IWTG) and extrinsic willingness to give (EWTG) for that year. We test our theory with data from a leading US nonprofit organization and find that SG donors and MG donors would follow different longitudinal patterns:

While SG donors and MG donors would start off at a similar level of WTG in year 1 and would both increase WTG in subsequent years, MG donors would record a higher rate of increase than SG donors.
IWTG and EWTG would have different relative importance as determinants of the observed yearly giving level: MG donors depend on both IWTG and EWTG whereas SG donors largely depend on IWTG rather than EWTG to determine how much to give in a year.
Our findings suggest that different strategies are needed to manage SG donors and MG donors to sustain and grow annual contributions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of maternal BMI on genetic sonography in the FaSTER trial
Authors: Aagaard‐Tillery Kjersti M. , Flint Porter T. , Malone Fergal D. , Nyberg David A. , Collins Jamie , Comstock Christine H. , Hankins Gary , Eddleman Keith , Dugoff Lorraine , Wolfe Honor M. , D'Alton Mary E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI) on sonographic detection employing data from the FaSTER trial.MethodUnselected singleton pregnancies underwent detailed genetic sonogram to evaluate for structural fetal anomalies and soft markers for aneuploidy. BMI (kg/m2) were calculated from reported initial visit values. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative rates (FPR and FNR), likelihood ratio, detection rates, and a missed diagnosis rate (MDR: FNR + marker recorded as ‘missing’/N) were calculated.ResultsEight thousand five hundred and fifty‐five patients with complete BMI information had detailed genetic sonography. A lower sensitivity with an elevated FNR and MDR was observed in obese women for multiple aneuploid markers (e.g. ≥2 markers 32% sensitivity with 68% FNR among BMI <25 vs 22% and 78% among BMI >30). Similarly, the detection rate for cardiac anomalies among women at BMI <25 was higher (21.6%) at a significantly lower FPR (78.4%; 95% CI 77.3–79.5%) in comparison to obese women (8.3% with FPR 91.7%; 95% CI 90.1–93.2%). In a logistic regression model, maternal obesity significantly decreased the likelihood of sonographic detection of common anomalies (adjusted OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.9; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe performance of second trimester genetic sonography is influenced by obesity, with a significantly higher MDR for multiple minor markers and lower likelihood for detecting common anomalies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between leisure‐time physical activity and health‐related quality of life among adolescent and adult survivors of childhood cancers
Authors: Paxton Raheem J. , Jones Lee W. , Rosoff Philip M. , Bonner Melanie , Ater Joann L. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: Survivors of childhood cancer are at an increased risk for reduced quality of life (QOL), yet few studies have explored factors associated with improving health‐related QOL (HRQOL) in this population. We thus explored the relationship between physical activity (PA) and HRQOL among survivors of childhood cancer.Methods: A total of 215 survivors of childhood lymphoma, leukemia, and central nervous system cancers completed mailed surveys that elicited information regarding leisure‐time PA (LTPA) measured in metabolic equivalents, HRQOL, and diagnostic and demographic factors. Correlations and adjusted regression models were used to explore the relationship between LTPA and HRQOL.Results: In the total sample, modest, yet significant linear associations were observed between LTPA and overall HRQOL (β=0.17, p<0.01), as well as each of the respective subscales (β=0.11−0.23 and p's<0.05 to <0.001). Among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, LTPA was significantly associated with overall HRQOL (β=0.27), cancer worry (β=0.36), cognitive function (β=0.32), body appearance (β=0.29), and social function (β=0.27) (all p's<0.05). Among adult survivors of childhood cancer, LTPA was only significantly associated with physical function (β=0.28, p<0.001).Conclusions: Significant associations exist between LTPA and HRQOL; however, the association was stronger and observed in more domains for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. More research is needed to determine the antecedents and consequences of PA in this population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of metabolites of adonifoline, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, by liquid chromatography/tandem and high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Xiong Aizhen , Yang Li , He Yuqi , Zhang Fang , Wang Jun , Han Han , Wang Changhong , Bligh S. W. Annie , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (HPA)‐containing plants have always been a threat to human and livestock health worldwide. Adonifoline, a main HPA inSenecio scandensBuch.‐Ham. ex D. Don (Qianli guang), was used officially as an infusion in cases of oral and pharyngeal infections in China. In this study in vivometabolism of adonifoline was studied for the first time by identifying the metabolites of adonifoline present in bile, urine and feces of rats using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MSn) (ion trap) as well as liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐HRMS) (quadrupole‐time of flight). In total 19 metabolites were identified and, among them, retronecine‐N‐oxides were confirmed by matching their fragmentation patterns with their fully characterized synthetic compounds. These metabolites are all involved in both phase I and phase II metabolic processes and the principalin vivometabolism pathways of adonifoline were proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency robust statistics for genetic linkage and association studies under genetic model uncertainty
Authors: Joo Jungnam , Kwak Minjung , Chen Zehua , Zheng Gang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWhen testing genetic linkage and association, test statistics that follow a normal or Chi‐square distributions are often used. These statistics are usually derived under a specific mode of inheritance (genetic model). Common genetic models include, but not limited to, the recessive, additive, multiplicative, and dominant models. For many diseases, their underlying genetic models are often unknown. Instead, a family of scientifically plausible genetic models may be available, which includes the four commonly used models. Hence, the optimal test is not available. Employing a single test statistic which is optimal for one model may suffer from substantial loss of power when the model is misspecified. In this situation efficient robust tests are useful. In this tutorial, we first review several commonly used robust statistics, including maximin efficency robust tests, maximal tests, and constrained likelihood ratio tests for three common designs in genetic studies: (i) linkage analysis using affected sib‐pairs, (ii) association studies using parents–offspring trios, and (iii) case–control association studies (unmatched and matched). Codes in the R statistical language for applying these robust statistics to test for linkage and association are presented with examples. We also provide some comparisons of the performance of the various robust tests via simulation studies. Guidelines for applications are also given for each study design. Finally, applications of robust tests to genome‐wide association studies and meta‐analysis are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lazy approach to symmetry reduction
Authors: Wahl Thomas , D’Silva Vijay 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Symmetry reduction
is a technique to counter state explosion for systems with regular structure. It relies on idealistic assumptions about indistinguishable components, which in practice may only be similar. In this article, we present a flexible, lazy approach to symmetry-reducing a structure without any prior knowledge about its global symmetry. Instead of a-priori checking for compliance with symmetry conditions, each encountered state is annotated on the fly with information about how symmetry is
violated
along the path leading to it. The method naturally favors “very symmetric” systems: more similarity among the components leads to greater compression. A notion of
subsumption
is used to prune the annotated search space during exploration. Previous solutions to the approximate symmetry reduction problem are restricted to specific types of asymmetry, such as up to bisimilarity, or incur a large overhead, either during preprocessing of the structure or during the verification run. In contrast, the strength of our method is its balance between ease of implementation and algorithmic flexibility. We include analytic and experimental results that witness its efficiency.
Lipid Profiles of Tunisian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Seed
Authors: Sriti Jazia , Wannes Wissem Aidi , Talou Thierry , Mhamdi Baya , Cerny Muriel , Marzouk Brahim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds were harvested from the region of Korba (North‐East Tunisia) in order to characterize their fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) profiles. Nine fatty acids, with petroselinic acid accounting for 76.6% of the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, accounting for 13.0, 5.4 and 3.4%, respectively, of the total fatty acids were identified. Neutral lipids (NLs) were mainly composed of triacylglycerols (98.4%). Polar lipids were mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine as the major phospholipid (PL) subclass, whereas digalactosyldiacylglycerol was the major galactolipid (GL). Total sterols content was estimated to be 36.93 mg/g oil. Stigmasterol accounted for 29.5% of the total sterols. Other representative sterols were β‐sitosterol, Δ7‐stigmasterol and Δ5, 24‐stigmastadienol, which accounted for 24.8, 16.3 and 9.2%, respectively. Gamma‐tocotrienol was the predominant tocol at 238.40 μg/g seed oil. This was equivalent to 72.8% of the total tocols followed by γ‐tocopherol (8.06%) and α‐tocopherol (7.6%).
Transcatheter closure of the arterial duct without arterial access
Authors: Willcoxson Fiona E , Viswanathan Sangeetha , Thomson John D.R. , Gibbs John L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter occlusion of the arterial duct without femoral arterial catheterization.BackgroundPatent arterial ducts have been closed percutaneously since the 1960s. It remains standard practice to use arterial access for aortography before, during, and after implantation of the device. Femoral arterial catheterisation has well recognised complications, and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.MethodsWe reviewed prospectively collected data relating to 389 occlusions of the arterial duct performed consecutively between 1994 and 2004. We inserted Cook detachable coils in 288 instances using the Amplatzer duct occluder in the remaining 101. Information was obtained regarding procedural success, displacement of the device, and re-intervention. We have followed out patients for a median of 1.15 years in those closed with the Amplatzer device, and 1.09 years in those closed with a coil.ResultsIn the patients in whom we used coils, occlusion was possible in 75% using venous access alone. We reintervened in 25 patients, because of embolisation of the device in 6, haemolysis in 5, and residual shunting in 14. On follow-up, complete occlusion had been achieved in 98%. We found trivial stenosis of the left pulmonary artery in 3 patients. When using the Amplatzer device, closure using venous access alone was achieved in 82%, and 2 patients required reintervention because of embolisation of the device. Complete occlusion had been achieved in all patients as judged by follow-up at 1 year, and 2 patients had trivial stenosis of the left pulmonary artery.ConclusionArterial catheterisation is unnecessary in the great majority of patients undergoing occlusion of the arterial duct. Use of venous catheterisation alone is safe, and does not appear to increase the risk of device-related complications.
Megavoltage versus kilovoltage image guidance for efficiency and accuracy in head and neck IMRT
Authors: Willis D. , Fox C. , Haworth A. , Rolfo A. , Herschtal A. , Kron T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAccurate patient positioning is vitally important in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck (H&N) cancer. The introduction of kilovoltage (kV) on-board imaging (OBI) at our centre was anticipated to improve the accuracy and efficiency of H&N IMRT patient position verification over traditional megavoltage (MV) electronic portal imaging (EPI). This study compares these imaging systems with a phantom accuracy study and retrospective analysis of imaging workload in H&N IMRT at our centre. Six therapists performed online evaluation of phantom images, and residual positional errors for each system were recorded. The largest residual error was 1 mm for OBI and 3 mm for EPI. The estimated improvement in residual error in OBI over EPI was 0.57 mm (95% confidence interval 0.33–0.81 mm), suggesting treatment staff would be better able to detect set-up deviations with OBI. Electronic treatment records of 20 H&N IMRT patients (10 verified daily with MV EPI and 10 with kV OBI) were analysed. Mean imaging session duration was 9.51 min for EPI and 9.76 min for OBI. Analysis found no evidence of an effect on duration due to the imaging system used for this subset of patients (p = 0.664).
Development of radioresistance in drug resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Kars Meltem Demirel , Iseri Özlem Darcansoy , Ural Ali Ugur , Avcu Ferit , Beyzadeoglu Murat , Dirican Bahar , Gündüz Ufuk 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and purpose: Radiotherapy is used for the treatment of malignant tumours, and may be used as the primary therapy. It is also common to combine radiotherapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or some combination of them. Even if the tumour is treated intensively, women diagnosed with breast cancer may develop a recurrence. Most recurrences may be in the form of distant metastases, development of multi-drug resistance phenotype or both together. This study demonstrated that some of the multi-drug resistant cancer cells may also become radioresistant.Materials and Methods: Chemoresistance in paclitaxel (MCF-7/Pac), docetaxel (MCF-7/Doc), vincristine (MCF-7/Vinc), doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) and zoledronic acid (MCF-7/Zol) resistant MCF-7 cells were demonstrated by XTT assay. MDR1 gene expression was detected by real-time PCR in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Drug resistant and sensitive cells were exposed to γ-radiation and development of radioresistance was investigated.Results: Results have indicated that paclitaxel, docetaxel, vincristine, doxorubicin and zoledronic acid–selected cells gained varying degrees of resistance to their selective drugs when compared with original MCF-7/S. MCF-7/Pac, MCF-7/Doc, MCF-7/Vinc and MCF-7/Dox cells have all acquired MDR1 expression. Among the resistant sub-lines, MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Doc cells were significantly cross-resistant to irradiation compared to the sensitive cells.Conclusion: MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Doc cell lines were found radioresistant to γ-radiation. On the contrary, doxorubicin, vincristine and zoledronic acid resistant cancer cells were still sensitive to radiation.