bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti–αv Integrin Monoclonal Antibody Intetumumab Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy and Reduces Metastasis of Human Cancer Xenografts in Nude Rats
Authors: Ning Shoucheng , Tian Junqiang , Marshall Deborah J. , Knox Susan J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We previously reported that intetumumab (CNTO 95), a fully human anti–αv integrin monoclonal antibody, is a radiosensitizer in mice with xenograft tumors. Because intetumumab does not cross-react with mouse integrins, but has cross-reactivity with rat integrins, we next studied the potential combined use of radiation therapy and intetumumab in human cancer xenograft models in nude rats to assess effects on both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Nude rats bearing human head and neck cancer and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts were treated with intetumumab and fractionated local tumor radiotherapy. Effects on tumor growth and metastasis, blood perfusion, oxygenation, and gastrointestinal toxicity were studied. Intetumumab alone had a moderate effect on tumor growth. When combined with fractionated radiation therapy, intetumumab significantly inhibited tumor growth and produced a tumor response rate that was significantly better than with radiation therapy alone. Treatment with intetumumab also significantly reduced lung metastasis in the A549 NSCLC xenograft model. The oxygenation and blood perfusion in xenograft tumors measured by microbubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging were substantially increased after treatment with intetumumab. The combined use of intetumumab and radiation therapy reduced the microvessel density and increased apoptosis in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Toxicity studies showed that treatment with intetumumab did not cause the histopathologic changes in the lungs and did not sensitize the sensitive gastrointestinal epithelium to the effect of radiation therapy. Intetumumab can potentiate the efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy in human cancer xenograft tumors in nude rats without increased toxicity. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7591–9. ©2010 AACR.
The synaptonemal complexes of Caenorhabditis elegans: duplication mutants sDp1 and mnDp1, disjunction regulator regions and aneuploidy
Authors: Goldstein Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe duplication mutants sDp1 and mnDp1 in Caenorhabditis elegans differ in their size and recombination/pairing strategies within the pachytene nucleus. mnDp1 is a duplication of approximately 18% of the X chromosome with the duplicated segment transposed and inserted into linkage group V. sDp1 is a free duplication which covers 30 map units of linkage group I and crossing-over has been determined genetically with its homologue. Analysis of the synaptonemal complexes (SC) and pachytene karyotypes of both duplication mutants reveal that there is an extension of one of the SCs in mnDp1 while the sDp1 free duplication partially pairs with its homologue along a small portion of its length. The remaining region exists as a univalent in the pachytene nucleus. This indicates that there is at least one SC initiation site on the sDp1 free duplication. Only bivalent pairing is permitted and there are no trivalents. To some extent, the autosomes preferentially pair at the exclusion of the sDp1 duplication. Switching of pairing partners was evident between the duplication and the homologue, probably because of the size of the duplication. Thus, the mechanism of chromosome segregation in the two duplications is different. The number of Disjunction Regulator Regions, which are associated with X-chromosome nondisjunction, was three in both mutants compared to six in wild-type. The number of males produced in mnDp1 was 1.0%, in sDp1 it was 2.0%, while in wild-type it is 0.3%. Recombination nodules were not observed in any nuclei. The ultimate goal of these studies is to correlate the physical and genetic maps and in this study linkage group I has been identified in the pachytene nucleus.
Toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived extract and steam distillate to Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs, and their effects on Lycopersicon esculentum germination and growth
Authors: Hong Tae-Kyun , Lee Jae-Kook , Heo Jae-Won , Kim Soon-Il , Choi Dong-Ro , Ahn Young-Joon 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived methanol extract (RME),
powder (RP) and steam distillate (RSD) to Meloidogyne incognita second-stage
juveniles (J2) and eggs, and their effects on Lycopersicon esculentum
germination and growth were examined in vitro and in pot experiments.
Results were compared with those of three nematicides: carbofuran,
fosthiazate and metam sodium. In contact + fumigant bioassays with J2, RME
applied at 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg (g soil)–1 resulted in 92, 88 and 73%
mortality, respectively. The lethality of RME was almost the same as
carbofuran but lower than that of either fosthiazate or metam sodium. RSD
and RP were less active than RME. In vapour-phase mortality bioassays with
J2, the test materials were more effective in a closed container than in an
open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapour
action. In direct-contact mortality bioassays with M. incognita eggs, RME,
RSD and fosthiazate treatments resulted in 91, 100 and 95% inhibition of
hatch at 250 μg ml–1 and 82, 88 and 81% inhibition of hatch at 100 μg ml–1,
respectively. In filter paper bioassays with L. esculentum seed, 8.8 μg cm–2
RME and RP did not cause germination inhibition, while RSD and fosthiazate
treatments resulted in 84 and 13% germination inhibition. In pot tests, RME
and RSD applied at 8 mg (g soil)–1 reduced galling caused by M. incognita
significantly, and fosthiazate at 0.02 mg (g soil)–1 stopped galling
completely. Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly a
methanol extract, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching
inhibitors for the control of M. incognita as fumigants with contact
action.
Interactions between field populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Rhizoctonia solani diseases of potatoes under controlled environment and glasshouse conditions
Authors: Bhattarai Shuvash , Haydock Patrick P.J. , Back Matthew A. , Hare Martin C. , Lankford William T. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This research elucidates interactions between Globodera pallida and
Rhizoctonia solani (AG3) by comparing disease development in potato plants
inoculated with G. pallida and R. solani. The effects of juvenile population
density and time of infestation on R. solani disease were investigated in
controlled environments. Plants were inoculated with a range of densities of
second-stage juveniles (J2) of G. pallida (800, 4000, 10 000, 20 000 and 40
000 J2/plant) and R. solani at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting and a single
treatment of G. pallida density and R. solani alone. The experiment
demonstrated that greatest disease incidence and severity occurred when high
population densities of G. pallida were applied at an early stage of plant
development. To determine if this effect could explain differences in R.
solani disease incidence and severity following interactions with individual
field populations of G. pallida, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using
two populations of G. pallida with known hatching characteristics (fast and
slow hatching). The experiment revealed that a combination of a
fast-hatching population with R. solani caused significantly more R. solani
disease incidence and severity than a population of G. pallida with slower
hatching characteristics.
Neolobocriconema iranense sp. n. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran
Authors: Berg Esther van den , Eskandari Ali , Tiedt Louwrens R. , Karegar Akbar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNeolobocriconema iranense sp. n. is described from a forest in Iran. Females of N. iranense sp. n. are characterised by having a body length of 453 (371-569) μm, 78-87.5 μm long stylet, presence of a single lip annulus of smaller diam. than the adjacent body annulus and which has a smooth margin and four distinct submedian lobes, 37-43 wide, retrorse body annuli with crenate, dentate and lobulate margins, the latter becoming slightly longer on the last few annuli, annuli with numerous longitudinal grooves corresponding with the crenations, vulva without an overhanging dorsal lip and situated on posteriormost three or four annuli, and anus located on the last annulus. The J2 has 12 longitudinal rows of scales and the ?J4 has eight to ten longitudinal rows of broad, irregular scallops. SEM photographs of females are provided. In the presence of a single lip annulus, N. iranense sp. n. comes close to seven of the 13 species in Neolobocriconema. It can, however, be differentiated from them all in characters such as a shorter body length, shorter or longer stylet, different cuticular structures on the annuli, and in the absence of longitudinal rows of scales or scallops.
Not all who wheeze have asthma
Authors: Backer V. 
Published: September 2010

Educational aimsExercise-induced asthma is frequently found among children, adolescents and young adults.The diagnosis of asthma should be documented by variable lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.Not all people who report exercise-induced respiratory symptoms have asthma.SummaryAsthma is characterised by respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing, and by exercise-induced symptoms. People with asthma frequently report symptoms during exercise; 90% of these people have exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Nevertheless, exercise-induced symptoms may mask other conditions or diseases, for instance poor physical fitness, exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction, hyperventilation and cardiomyopathy. Asthma symptoms should be documented and patients treated accordingly. With non-asthmatic exercise-induced symptoms, diseases in the laryngeal area are highly likely and patients should be examined while running. Although treatment options for laryngeal dysfunctions are limited, patients feel more in control when they know what is happening in their throat.
In vivo imaging of zebrafish retinal cells using fluorescent coumarin derivatives
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Nishimura Yuhei , Oka Takehiko , Nomoto Tsuyoshi , Kon Tetsuo , Shintou Taichi , Hirano Minoru , Shimada Yasuhito , Umemoto Noriko , Kuroyanagi Junya , Wang Zhipeng , Zhang Zi , Nishimura Norihiro , Miyazaki Takeshi , Imamura Takeshi , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The zebrafish visual system is a good research model because the zebrafish retina is very similar to that of humans in terms of the morphologies and functions. Studies of the retina have been facilitated by improvements in imaging techniques. In vitro techniques such as immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging using transgenic zebrafish have been proven useful for visualizing specific subtypes of retinal cells. In contrast, in vivo imaging using organic fluorescent molecules such as fluorescent sphingolipids allows non-invasive staining and visualization of retinal cells en masse. However, these fluorescent molecules also localize to the interstitial fluid and stain whole larvae.

Results
We screened fluorescent coumarin derivatives that might preferentially stain neuronal cells including retinal cells. We identified four coumarin derivatives that could be used for in vivo imaging of zebrafish retinal cells. The retinas of living zebrafish could be stained by simply immersing larvae in water containing 1 μg/ml of a coumarin derivative for 30 min. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy, the lamination of the zebrafish retina was clearly visualized. Using these coumarin derivatives, we were able to assess the development of the zebrafish retina and the morphological abnormalities induced by genetic or chemical interventions. The coumarin derivatives were also suitable for counter-staining of transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescent proteins in specific subtypes of retinal cells.

Conclusions
The coumarin derivatives identified in this study can stain zebrafish retinal cells in a relatively short time and at low concentrations, making them suitable for in vivo imaging of the zebrafish retina. Therefore, they will be useful tools in genetic and chemical screenings using zebrafish to identify genes and chemicals that may have crucial functions in the retina.
Conservation between higher plants and the moss Physcomitrella patensin response to the phytohormone abscisic acid: a proteomics analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Kuang Tingyun , He Yikun 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is ubiquitous among land plants where it plays an important role in plant growth and development. In seeds, ABA induces embryogenesis and seed maturation as well as seed dormancy and germination. In vegetative tissues, ABA is a necessary mediator in the triggering of many of the physiological and molecular adaptive responses of the plant to adverse environmental conditions, such as desiccation, salt and cold.

Results
In this study, we investigated the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on Physcomitrella patens at the level of the proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sixty-five protein spots showed changes in response to ABA treatment. Among them, thirteen protein spots were down-regulated; fifty-two protein spots were up-regulated including four protein spots which were newly induced. These proteins were involved in various functions, including material and energy metabolism, defense, protein destination and storage, transcription, signal transduction, cell growth/division, transport, and cytoskeleton. Specifically, most of the up-regulated proteins functioned as molecular chaperones, transcriptional regulators, and defense proteins. Detailed analysis of these up-regulated proteins showed that ABA could trigger stress and defense responses and protect plants from oxidative damage. Otherwise, three protein kinases involved in signal pathways were up-regulated suggesting that P. patens is sensitive to exogenous ABA. The down-regulated of the Rubisco small subunit, photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex proteins and photosystem assembly protein ycf3 indicated that photosynthesis of P. patens was inhibited by ABA treatment.

Conclusion
Proteome analysis techniques have been applied as a direct, effective, and reliable tool in differential protein expressions. Sixty-five protein spots showed differences in accumulation levels as a result of treatment with ABA. Detailed analysis these protein functions showed that physiological and molecular responses to the plant hormone ABA appear to be conserved among higher plant species and bryophytes.
Formative evaluation of a telemedicine model for delivering clinical neurophysiology services part I: Utility, technical performance and service provider perspective
Authors: Breen Patricia , Murphy Kevin , Browne Geraldine , Molloy Fiona , Reid Valerie , Doherty Colin , Delanty Norman , Connolly Sean , Fitzsimons Mary 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Formative evaluation is conducted in the early stages of system implementation to assess how it works in practice and to identify opportunities for improving technical and process performance. A formative evaluation of a teleneurophysiology service was conducted to examine its technical and sociological dimensions.

Methods
A teleneurophysiology service providing routine EEG investigation was established. Service use, technical performance and satisfaction of clinical neurophysiology personnel were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. These were contrasted with a previously reported analysis of the need for teleneurophysiology, and examination of expectation and satisfaction with clinical neurophysiology services in Ireland. A preliminary cost-benefit analysis was also conducted.

Results
Over the course of 40 clinical sessions during 20 weeks, 142 EEG investigations were recorded and stored on a file server at a satellite centre which was 130 miles away from the host clinical neurophysiology department. Using a virtual private network, the EEGs were accessed by a consultant neurophysiologist at the host centre for interpretation. The model resulted in a 5-fold increase in access to EEG services as well as reducing average waiting times for investigation by a half. Technically the model worked well, although a temporary loss of virtual private network connectivity highlighted the need for clarity in terms of responsibility for troubleshooting and repair of equipment problems. Referral quality, communication between host and satellite centres, quality of EEG recordings, and ease of EEG review and reporting indicated that appropriate organisational processes were adopted by the service. Compared to traditional CN service delivery, the teleneurophysiology model resulted in a comparable unit cost per EEG.

Conclusion
Observations suggest that when traditional organisational boundaries are crossed challenges associated with the social dimension of service delivery may be amplified. Teleneurophysiology requires a governance and management that recognises its socio-technical nature.
Formative evaluation of a telemedicine model for delivering clinical neurophysiology services part II: The referring clinician and patient perspective
Authors: Breen Patricia , Murphy Kevin , Browne Geraldine , Molloy Fiona , Reid Valerie , Doherty Colin , Delanty Norman , Connolly Sean , Fitzsimons Mary 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Feedback from service users will provide insight into opportunities for improvement so that performance can be optimised. In the context of a formative evaluation referring clinician and patient satisfaction with a teleneurophysiology service was examined during a 20 week pilot period.

Methods
Questionnaire surveys of referring clinicians and patients were conducted.

Results
Fifteen (58%) clinicians responded to the first part of a postal survey which examined their satisfaction with traditional clinical neurophysiology services. Nine (35%) responded to a second part which assessed their experience with the teleneurophysiology service. Teleneurophysiology improved satisfaction with waiting times, availability of results and impact on patient management. There was unanimous support from the clinicians for the permanent development of a teleneurophysiology service, although 2 cautioned this could delay establishing a neurology service in their region.
Eighty-two percent (116/142) of patients responded to a survey of their satisfaction with teleneurophysiology. This was compared to a previous report of 322 patients' experience with traditional CN services in Ireland. Waiting times for appointment were shorter for the former group who supported the telemedicine model recognising that it reduced the travel burden and need for overnight journeys. The two groups were equally anxious about the investigation although the teleneurophysiology patients received more prior information.

Conclusion
This study illustrates that teleneurophysiology is an acceptable model of service delivery for its primary customers. Their feedback is important in informing appropriate design and governance of such innovative models of health service provision.
Serological and molecular expression of Hepatitis B infection in patients with chronic Hepatitis C from Tunisia, North Africa
Authors: Ben Halima Samar , Bahri Olfa , Maamouri Nadia , Cheikh Imed , Alaya Nissaf Ben , Sadraoui Amel , Azaiez Ons , Azouz Msaddak , Mami Nabyl Ben , Triki Henda 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
This study reports the prevalence and the viral aspects of HBV infection in HCV-positive patients from Tunisia, a country with intermediate and low endemicity for hepatitis B and C, respectively.

Results
HBV infection was assessed in the serum samples of 361 HCV-positive patients and compared to a group of HCV negative individuals. Serological markers were determined by ELISA tests and HBV DNA by real-time PCR. HBV serological markers were found in 43% and 44% of patients and controls, respectively. However, the serological and molecular expression of HBV infection differed in the two groups: The group of patients included more individuals with ongoing HBV infection, as defined by the presence of detectable HBsAg and or HBV DNA (17% and 12%, respectively). Furthermore, while most of the controls with ongoing HBV infection expressed HBsAg, the majority of HCV and HBV positive patients were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive. Genotyping of HCV isolates showed large predominance of subtype 1b as previously reported in Tunisia. Comparison of the replicative status of the two viruses found low HBV viral load in all co-infected patients as compared to patients with single HBV infection. In contrast, high levels of HCV viremia levels were observed in most of cases with no difference between the group of co-infected patients and the group with single HCV infection.

Conclusions
This study adds to the knowledge on the prevalence and the virological presentation of HCV/HBV dual infection, providing data from the North African region. It shows that, given the local epidemiology of the two viruses, co-infected patients are likely to have low replication levels of HBV suggesting a suppressive effect of HCV on HBV. In contrast, high replication levels for HCV were fond in most cases which indicate that the presence of circulating HBV-DNA does not necessarily influence HCV replication.
Adult growth hormone deficiency treatment with a combination of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 resulting in elevated sustainable insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 plasma levels: a case report
Authors: Braverman Eric R , Bowirrat Abdalla , Damle Uma J , Yeldandi Swetha , Chen Thomas JH , Madigan Margaret , Kerner Mallory , Huang Stanley X , Savarimuthu Stella , Blum Kenneth 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Adult Growth hormone Deficiency is a well known phenomenon effecting both males and females. Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency is marked by a number of neuropsychiatric, cognitive performance, cardiac, metabolic, muscular, and bone symptoms and clinical features. There is no known standardized acceptable therapeutic modality to treat this condition. A recent meta-analysis found that after 16 years of Growth Hormone replacement therapy a large proportion of the patients still had Growth Hormone associated symptoms especially related to executive functioning. A major goal is to increase plasma levels of both insulin-like growth factor (insulin-like growth factor-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3.

Case Presentation
We report a case of a 45-year-old caucasian woman with early ovarian failure for 2 years and amenorrhea since the age of 43, who presented with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and an IGF-1 of 126 ng/mL. Since her insulin-like growth factor-1 was lowest at 81 ng/mL, she was started on insulin-like growth factor-1 Increlex at 0.2 mg at bedtime, which immediately raised her insulin-like growth factor-1 levels to 130 ng/mL within 1 month, and 193 ng/mL, 249 ng/mL, and 357 ng/mL, after 3, 4, and 5 months, respectively, thereafter. Her insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 continued to decrease. It was at this point when we added back the Growth Hormone and increased her Increlex dosage to 1.3 - 1.5 mg that her insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 began to increase.

Conclusion
It appears that in some patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency, insulin-like growth factor-1 elevation is resistant to direct Growth Hormone treatment. Furthermore, the binding protein may not rise with insulin-like growth factor-1. However, a combination of Growth Hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment may be a solution.