bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of Suaahara II influence on nutrition governance in Nepal
Authors: Eissler Sarah , Manandhar Shraddha , Sah Kavita , Neupane Bishow , Rana Pooja Pandey , Garn Kristine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaternal and child undernutrition remain major public health problems in Nepal. Suaahara is a USAID‐funded multi‐sectoral nutrition programme aiming to strengthen local nutrition governance to reduce maternal and child undernutrition, among other objectives. The purpose of this study is to present findings from a recent qualitative evaluation of Suaahara II's influence on the decentralised implementation of Nepal's Multi‐sectoral Nutrition Plan (MSNP) and identifying gaps and areas for improvement at the federal, provincial, and local levels to strengthen nutrition governance. This study employed multiple qualitative methods, engaging over 100 multi‐sectoral nutrition stakeholders across three levels of government and eight districts. Thematic qualitative analysis was employed to identify emergent and salient themes, which were triangulated with other secondary data sources. Suaahara II had a positive influence on strengthening horizontal coordination for implementing the MSNP and effectively leveraged existing networks to strengthen implementation of nutrition‐focused activities at the municipal level. Although there was an observable increased demand for nutrition budgets attributable to Suaahara II activities, sufficient allocation and utilisation, particularly in non‐health sectors, did not meet these levels. Nepal's shift to federalism hindered vertical coordination of MSNP implementation. Some formal coordination mechanisms were strengthened, but variation in their effectiveness to strengthen horizontal and vertical coordination to implement MSNP activities continues. Finally, limited government ownership over nutrition activities and facilitating multi‐sector coordination to implement the MSNP threatened sustainability of Suaahara II's outcomes on nutrition governance. Future programmes should continue to build on the progress made under Suaahara II, and specifically aim to address challenges in vertical coordination to strengthen nutrition governance in Nepal.
Selection leads to remarkable variability in the outcomes of hybridisation across replicate hybrid zones
Authors: McFarlane S. Eryn , Jahner Joshua P. , Lindtke Dorothea , Buerkle C. Alex , Mandeville Elizabeth G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid zones have been viewed as an opportunity to see speciation in action. When hybrid zones are replicated, it is assumed that if the same genetic incompatibilities are maintaining reproductive isolation across all instances of secondary contact, those incompatibilities should be identifiable by consistent patterns in the genome. In contrast, changes in allele frequencies due to genetic drift should be idiosyncratic for each hybrid zone. To test this assumption, we simulated 20 replicates of each of 12 hybrid zone scenarios with varied genetic incompatibilities, rates of migration, selection and different starting population size ratios of parental species. We found remarkable variability in the outcomes of hybridisation in replicate hybrid zones, particularly with Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities and strong selection. We found substantial differences among replicates in the overall genomic composition of individuals, including admixture proportions, inter‐specific ancestry complement and number of ancestry junctions. Additionally, we found substantial variation in genomic clines among replicates at focal loci, regardless of locus‐specific selection. We conclude that processes other than selection are responsible for some consistent outcomes of hybridisation, whereas selection on incompatibilities can lead to genomically widespread and highly variable outcomes. We highlight the challenge of mapping between pattern and process in hybrid zones and call attention to how selection against incompatibilities will commonly lead to variable outcomes. We hope that this study informs future research on replicate hybrid zones and encourages further development of statistical techniques, theoretical models and exploration of additional axes of variation to understand reproductive isolation.
Cost identification in health professions education: A scoping review
Authors: Yaros Jennifer , de Mortier Chloé , oude Egbrink Mirjam , Evers Silvia , Paulus Aggie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundResource scarcity in health professions education (HPE) demands rigorous consideration of costs. Yet, thus far, we have been unable to completely and consistently identify the costs of HPE. To address this knowledge gap and enable use of economic evidence in decision making, a detailed overview of all existing costs and approaches to cost identification in HPE is needed.ObjectivesThis review summarises the diversity of costs, cost perspectives and cost identification methods used in economic research of HPE to answer the following questions: which educational topics, costs, cost perspectives and cost identification methods are being investigated in HPE literature?MethodsThis investigation followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO were iteratively searched for English language publications between 2012 and 2022 that reported costs of HPE. Data was extracted for study characteristics, educational context and economic methodology.ResultsA total of 136 articles of original research on the costs of educating all major licence healthcare professionals were included. A diffuse interest in costs is reflected in publications from 93 distinct journals and by the diversity of educational topics and cost types explored. However, the majority of investigations failed to define the cost perspective (86, 63%) and cost identification methods (117, 86%) and did not demonstrate common reporting structure or cost terminology, all of which contribute to persistent inconsistencies in cost identification.ConclusionThe source of disharmonious cost identification in HPE is fuelled by diverse interests and divergent concepts of costs and costing methodology. Left in its current state, disharmonious cost identification will continue to limit transparency, comparison and synthesis of evidence, hamper objectivity in implementation and policy decisions and impede the efficient and sustainable allocation of resources. A research agenda must be developed, prioritised, and validated by the broader community to develop a theoretical framework for HPE cost research, define stakeholders, elicit values and preferences and chart a path toward harmonised costing.
Market‐driven fortification of vitamins and minerals in packaged foods targeted at children in Brazil
Authors: Martins Amanda Corrêa , Kraemer Mariana Vieira dos Santos , Rodrigues Vanessa Mello , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas , Fernandes Ana Carolina , Bernardo Geyce Luci , Proença Rossana Pacheco da Costa , Uggioni Paula Lazzarin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to characterise the market‐driven fortification of vitamins and minerals in packaged foods targeted at children in Brazil. We analysed 535 food labels using data collected in a census‐type method (n = 5620) of food labels in a Brazilian supermarket in 2013. Micronutrients declared in nutrition claims and the ingredients list (synthetic compounds) were considered to be added for commercial purposes. Analysis of the ingredients list and nutrition claims showed that market‐driven fortification of vitamins and minerals was present in 27.1% of foods. The main vitamins and minerals were vitamins A, B complex, C, D, calcium, iron and zinc. The food groups ‘Milk and dairy products’ and ‘Sugars, sugary foods and snacks’ had the highest frequencies of micronutrients declared in the ingredients list. Calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc and all vitamins, except B7, were found to be added for commercial purposes. Micronutrients were found to be commonly added to packaged foods as a marketing strategy directed at parents and their children. Future studies should assess the amount of vitamins and minerals added to packaged foods targeted at children and whether intakes of vitamins and minerals in children are potentially excessive.
Averaging Estimation for Instrumental Variables Quantile Regression
Authors: Liu Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes two averaging estimation methods to improve the finite‐sample efficiency of the instrumental variables quantile regression (IVQR) estimator. I propose using the usual quantile regression for averaging to take advantage of cases when endogeneity is not too strong. I also propose using two‐stage least squares to take advantage of cases when heterogeneity is not too strong. The first averaging method is to apply a recent proposal for GMM averaging to the IVQR model based on this proposed intuition. My implementation involves many computational considerations and builds on recent developments in the quantile literature. The second averaging method is a new bootstrap model averaging method that directly averages among IVQR, quantile regression, and two‐stage least squares estimators. More specifically, I find the optimal weights from bootstrapped samples and then apply the bootstrap‐optimal weights to the original sample. The bootstrap method is simpler to compute and generally performs better in simulations, but uniform dominance results have not been formally proved. Simulation results demonstrate that in the multiple‐regressors/instruments case, both the GMM averaging and bootstrap estimators have uniformly smaller risk than the IVQR estimator across data‐generating processes with a variety of combinations of different endogeneity levels and heterogeneity levels.
The effects of dietary macronutrient composition on resting energy expenditure following active weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ho Dang Khanh Ngan , Liao Yu Chi , Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Chien Mu‐Ming , Chung Mei , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Huang Ya‐Li , Chen Yang‐Ching , Tseng Sung‐Hui , Chang Chun‐Chao , Chiu Wan‐Chun , Sangopas Patchara , Tseng Hsiang‐Tung , Kao Jing Wen , Ngu Yi Jing , Chang Jung‐Su 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different dietary macronutrient patterns on changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in relation to weight loss, categorized as minimal (<5%) and moderate to high (>5%). Changes in REE were assessed using a DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects meta‐analysis. A diet lower in carbohydrates (CHO) or higher in fat and protein was associated with smaller reductions in REE, with these trends being more pronounced among participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss. Adjusted meta‐regression analysis indicated that, within the participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss, each 1% increase in CHO intake was associated with a reduction of 2.30 kcal/day in REE (95% CI: −4.11 to −0.47, p = 0.013). In contrast, a 1% increase in protein and fat intake was correlated with an increase in REE by 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02, 5.07], p = 0.003) and 0.5 (95% CI [−2.43, 3.41], p = 0.740) kcal/day, respectively. No significant associations were found among participants who experienced minimal weight loss. These findings indicate that, under a caloric deficit, the impact of dietary macronutrient composition on REE may vary depending on the degree of weight loss and individual metabolic responses.
Peripheral myopic defocus signal affects the efficiency of visual information processing in myopic children
Authors: Ding Chenglu , Mao Danyi , Li Xue , Huang Yingying , Hou Fang , Chen Hao , Bao Jinhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeSpectacle lenses with peripheral lenslets have shown promise for myopia control by providing peripheral myopic defocus signals. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of prolonged exposure (>6 months) to peripheral myopic defocus on visual information processing in myopic children.MethodsThe study included 30 myopic children who habitually wore spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL group) and 34 children who habitually wore single‐vision (SV group) spectacles. The quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) was used to measure contrast sensitivity (CS) under conditions of no or high noise. Both groups were tested with HAL and SV lenses. The perceptual template model was utilised to fit the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and determine differences in information processing efficiency through internal additive noise () and perceptual template gain (β).ResultsThe areas under the log CSF in the SV group were significantly higher than for the HAL group in both zero‐noise conditions with the SV test lens (p = 0.03) and high‐noise conditions with the HAL test lens (p = 0.02). For 2 cycle per degree (cpd) stimuli, β was significantly higher in the SV group with the HAL test lens than in the HAL group (p = 0.02), while there was a trend towards a significant difference in β for 6 cpd stimuli (p = 0.07). However, there were no significant differences in between the two groups, with or without noise interference.ConclusionThe reduced CS observed in myopic children wearing HAL lenses for 6 months or more may be due to decreased β. This suggests that prolonged use of spectacle lenses with peripheral myopic defocus signals may compromise the central visual system's ability to process additional external noise, resulting in decreased efficiency in visual information processing.
Influence of induction therapy and antiretroviral regimen on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients living with human immunodeficiency
Authors: Marks Christin Rogers , Durand Christine M. , Bowring Mary G. , Hand Jonathan , Abidi Maheen Z. , Malinis Maricar , Barnaba Brittany , Patel Het , Pavlakis Martha , Alonso Carolyn D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeKidney transplantation has a survival benefit for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and end‐stage kidney disease, however increased rates of rejection remain an issue. Questions remain regarding the impact of induction immunosuppression therapy and antiretroviral (ARV) choice on long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of outcomes in recipients with HIV who received kidneys from donors without HIV transplanted between 2004 and 2019. The association between induction and ARV regimens and long‐term outcomes including rejection, graft, and recipient survival over 5 years was investigated using Cox regression modeling.ResultsSeventy‐eight kidney transplants (KT) performed in 77 recipients at five US transplant centers were included, with median follow up of 7.1 (4.3–10.7) years. Overall recipient and graft survival were 83% and 67%, respectively. Rejection occurred in 37% (29/78). Recipients with rejection were more likely to be younger, recipients of deceased donor organs, and Black. Receipt of rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction without protease‐inhibitor (PI)‐based ARVs was associated with 83% lower risk of rejection (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.17 (95% CI 0.05–0.63), p =.007) and a non‐statistically significantly lower risk of graft failure (aHR 0.18 (0.03–1.16), p =.07) when compared to those who received other induction and ARV combinations.ConclusionsIn this multicenter retrospective study, we found a trend toward lower rejection and improved graft survival among those who received both rATG for induction and PI‐sparing ARVs.
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Evaluation of a method to fluorescently label platelets for in‐human recovery and survival studies
Authors: Feldman Tamar P. , Brown Bethany L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlatelets for transfusion are evaluated for in vivo quality using recovery and survival measurements in healthy human subjects. Radiolabelling is the standard for tracing platelets post‐transfusion but imposes logistical and technical limitations. This study investigates the in vitro feasibility of labelling platelets with the calcein family of fluorescent dyes as an alternative to radioisotopes or biotin.Materials and MethodsProtocols for radiolabelling were adapted for use with calcein acetoxymethyl ester (CAM) and biotin. Labelled platelets were analysed by flow cytometry and evaluated for activation and function. We tested feasibility for labelling without manipulation of platelets and for multiplexing of samples.ResultsLabelling at 2 μg CAM/1010 platelets resulted in >99% of CAM+ platelets. There was no significant difference in activation or aggregation between CAM‐labelled or biotinylated platelets and vehicle controls although %CD62P+ was significantly lower in platelets that were not processed for labelling. Addition of CAM to the platelet storage bag labelled >95% of platelets. Platelet populations labelled with different dyes could be distinguished by flow cytometry.ConclusionThese data provide a rationale for further development of CAM and other fluorescent dyes as tools for measuring post‐transfusion kinetics of platelets.
The Hrushovski property for compact special cube complexes
Authors: Abdenbi Brahim , Wise Daniel T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that any compact nonpositively curved cube complex embeds in a compact nonpositively curved cube complex where each combinatorial injective partial local isometry of extends to an automorphism of . When is special and the collection of injective partial local isometries satisfies certain conditions, we show that can be chosen to be special and the embedding can be chosen to be a local isometry.
Physics-Informed Machine Learning of Argon Gas-Driven Melt Pool Dynamics
Authors: Sharma R. , Guo Y. B. , Raissi M. , Guo W. Grace 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Melt pool dynamics in metal additive manufacturing (AM) is critical to process stability, microstructure formation, and final properties of the printed materials. Physics-based simulation, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is the dominant approach to predict melt pool dynamics. However, the physics-based simulation approaches suffer from the inherent issue of very high computational cost. This paper provides a physics-informed machine learning method by integrating the conventional neural networks with the governing physical laws to predict the melt pool dynamics, such as temperature, velocity, and pressure, without using any training data on velocity and pressure. This approach avoids solving the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation numerically, which significantly reduces the computational cost (if including the cost of velocity data generation). The difficult-to-determine parameters' values of the governing equations can also be inferred through data-driven discovery. In addition, the physics-informed neural network (PINN) architecture has been optimized for efficient model training. The data-efficient PINN model is attributed to the extra penalty by incorporating governing PDEs, initial conditions, and boundary conditions in the PINN model.
Paper or Tablet? The Impact of Digital Tools on Sketching During Engineering Design Concept Generation
Authors: Das Madhurima , Huang May , Yang Maria C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sketching is an important tool for engineers during concept generation. Sketch quantity during this early stage of design has been linked with eventual design outcomes and sketch quality has been linked with design perceptions. As such, both are important metrics to track. Prior work has also found gender differences in some of these sketch attributes, and considering gender imbalances in the field, it is important to assess whether there are differences in performance by gender during concept generation and if the use of digital tools exacerbate or mitigate any of these potential differences in performance by gender. Given the increase in use of digital tablets for sketching, it is important to assess how tablet use affects early stage engineering design sketches. This is especially important as tablets can automatically smooth lines and help perfect sketch features, but these features may also take longer to use and may result in fewer sketches produced. This study investigates differences in sketch quality, quantity, and understandability (the effectiveness of the sketch as a communication tool) between sketching on a tablet and sketching with pen on paper during an engineering design concept generation exercise. Results indicate that there is no difference in sketch quantity or understandability between the two tools. However, sketch quality, smoothness, and proportion/accuracy are all higher for the pen and paper condition than for the tablet condition. Finally, no gender differences in performance for either sketch quantity or quality were found.
Drying Kinetics and Energy Consumption of Astragalus Membranaceus Under Infrared Drying
Authors: Huang Dan , Deng Ruowen , Auwal Musaddiq , Wang Wenpei , Gong Guiliang , Li Lijun , Sunden Bengt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Astragalus membranaceus (AM) slices was dried using three infrared drying techniques, including near-infrared drying (NIR), mid-infrared drying (MIR), and far-infrared drying (FIR). Studies and discussions about the impacts of infrared temperature, power, slice thickness, and wavelength on the drying properties, energy consumption, and associated performance were conducted. Results showed that the drying rate increased with increasing infrared temperature and wavelength, and with decreasing slice thickness, whereas the drying process was not significantly influenced by the infrared power. The drying efficiency of FIR was superior to that of NIR, and with the increase in temperature, this improvement became more obvious. FIR drying was the fastest with the least energy consumption among the three drying methods. Rehydration ratio and color change of AM slices were proportional to infrared temperature and wavelength, but inversely proportional to slice thickness. The effective moisture diffusion coefficients of AM slices under NIR and FIR drying ranged from 0.49244 × 10−9 to 1.16352 × 10−9 m2/s and 1.00432 × 10−9 to 2.51135 × 10−9 m2/s, respectively.
Design and Optimization of Heat Dissipation for a High-Voltage Control Box in Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Zhang Jiajing , Li Hongqing , Chen Yun , Jiang Bingyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To address the issue of excessive temperature rises within the field of electronic device cooling, this study adopts a multi-parameter optimization method. The primary objective is to explore and realize the design optimization of the shell structure of the high-voltage control box, aiming to effectively mitigate the temperature rise in internal components and enhance their thermal management efficacy without altering the fan performance, environmental conditions, or spatial layout. Initially, the study employs computational fluid dynamics methods to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of the high-voltage control box, subsequently verifying the simulation parameters' accuracy through temperature rise tests. Building upon this foundation, the article conducts a thorough analysis of how the position and shape of the box's openings impact the device's temperature rise. The findings suggest that configuring circular openings on the front and rear sides can optimize the heat dissipation effect. Moreover, the SHERPA algorithm was employed to refine the size and distribution of the openings on the outer shell of the high-voltage control box through multi-parameter optimization, yielding locally optimal structural parameters. Post-optimization, the temperature measurement points within the high-voltage control box exhibited a maximum reduction in temperature rise of 27.16%. The pivotal contribution of this methodology is the application of a data-driven decision-making process for the enhancement of conventional heat dissipation designs. This research offers invaluable practical insights and novel perspectives on the optimization of thermal management designs for box-type electronic devices, significantly advancing the field of thermal management technology in electronic devices.