bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and regulation of the HSC niche: Roles of osteoblastic and vascular compartments
Authors: Coskun Suleyman , Hirschi Karen K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are multi‐potent cells that function to generate a lifelong supply of all blood cell types. During mammalian embryogenesis, sites of hematopoiesis change over the course of gestation: from extraembryonic yolk sac and placenta, to embryonic aorta‐gonad‐mesonephros region, fetal liver, and finally fetal bond marrow where HSC reside postnatally. These tissues provide microenviroments for de novo HSC formation, as well as HSC maturation and expansion. Within adult bone marrow, HSC self‐renewal and differentiation are thought to be regulated by two major cellular components within their so‐called niche: osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. This review focuses on HSC generation within, and migration to, different tissues during development, and also provides a summary of major regulatory factors provided by osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells within the adult bone marrow niche. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:229–242, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Register control of rotogravure printing press. Application of nonlinear control theory to sectional drive printing press
Authors: Yoshida Tsuguaki , Takagi Shinichiro , Muto Yasuhiko , Shen Teilong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a nonlinear register control scheme for the latest type of rotogravure printing presses, referred to as the sectional drive system. In printing presses where each gravure cylinder is driven by an individual motor, tension fluctuations caused by an upstream register control generate register errors in downstream units. Therefore, development of a control system to reduce downstream register error propagation is a challenging issue for the printing presses. First, we propose a nonlinear coordinate transformation for the state variables in order to deal with the printing press dynamics easily. Then, based on the new coordinates, a nonlinear control law is designed with the Lyapunov stability theorem such that the register errors converge to zero. Finally. the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation and experiments carried out on a practical printing press, and a comparison with a conventional control method is also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 17–24, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10282
Schlank und rank — von Roboterhand
Authors: Marré Michael , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLeichtere Tragwerke machen Autos und Flugzeuge beweglicher und umweltfreundlicher. Sie zu planen und herzustellen, setzt ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von Konstruktionsprinzipien, ‐werkstoffen und ‐verfahren voraus. Ingenieurwissenschaftler haben eine Produktionskette erschaffen, die Automatisierung mit flexibler Fertigung verbindet.
Der Wissenschaft Ruhe zur Produktivität
Authors: Kleiner Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Wissenschaft lebt von einer faszinierenden Vielfalt der Ideen ihrer Forscherinnen und Forscher. In ihrer Förderung braucht es Phasen der Dynamik und Veränderung — aber genauso auch Phasen der ruhigen Konzentration und produktiven Entfaltung.
An understanding of baby boomers' attitudes toward financial services products in Ghana
Authors: Owusu‐Frimpong Nana , Ejye Omar Ogenyi , Mmieh Frederick 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study employed a self‐completion questionnaire to determine the financial needs and specific market characteristics of baby boomers (BBs) in Ghana. The results reveal that BBs are financially savvy and conscious of where to live after retirement. Due to low income and overreliance on families in time of sickness, life insurance is not often purchased. The respondents choose a bank that offers efficient customer services and low rates of interest on loans, and do not perceive long‐term investment to be profitable. The most effective forms of communication are radio, TV, and word of mouth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Placing value on consensus: an elusive goal
Authors: Cairns Josephine M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis article explores the implications of the National Forum for Values in Education and the Community. The author was herself a member of the Forum and thus writes from first‐hand experience. It was set up in order to make recommendations to the SCAA on: ways in which schools might be supported making contributions to pupils’ spiritual and moral development; and whether there is agreement on the values, attitudes and behaviours that schools should promote on society's behalf. The article examines the results of the Forum's proceedings and concludes that value consensus cannot easily be achieved and indeed should not be hurriedly imposed; rather, the opportunity is there for various interested parties to study the variety of human patterns or ecologies of value growth and discernment which exist across our diverse pluralistic community. This would link the wider community with its localized environments and allow consensus about values to emerge, which truly reflected the pluralistic nature of our society.
Moral education: dilemmas for the teacher
Authors: Kibble David G. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe move away from a ‘neutral’ stance in the teaching of moral education to one that might be described as more ‘positive’ does not mean that the moral education teacher will be any less likely to be accused of being subversive on the one hand or indoctrinatory on the other. Moral education does not simply involve the presentation of ‘clean’ and ‘simple’ examples of morality because morality in the real world is not like that. The article examines three dilemmas in particular. Should moral education deal with the rights of those who belong to terrorist organizations? Should it concern itself with injustices in a foreign country where that country threatens to withdraw from commercial contracts if its government is criticized? Should moral educators teach pupils that some religions (or at least some versions of them) have moral doctrines and practices which are questionable by humanitarian standards? The article answers in the affirmative to each question. It concludes by noting that just as the teaching of moral education cannot mean the presentation of ‘clean’ and ‘simple’ examples of morality, so there is no ‘clean’ and ‘simple’ way of making moral judgements.
Strong in diversity: primary school inspectors’ beliefs
Authors: Silcock Peter , Wyness Mike 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn‐depth interviews with twelve OFSTED primary school inspectors reveal diverse beliefs about school and curriculum management and teachers’ management of professional relationships. These beliefs are contrasted with those of school practitioners, then categorized, for convenience, as being of three types. Inspectors may be (1) sympathetic to the practical dilemmas of teachers while being out of sympathy with a number of the demands of educational reformers; (2) they may be even‐handed about practitioner dilemmas and the needs of reform; (3) they may be sympathetic to the demands of reformers while being more dismissive of teachers’ positions. It is argued that it is school inspectors’ beliefs which are likely to determine their judgements during a school inspection. It is also suggested that whether a school is visited by inspectors belonging to one category or another is, to an important degree, a matter of chance.
phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R
Authors: Schliep Klaus Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: phangorn is a package for phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis in the R language. Previously it was only possible to estimate phylogenetic trees with distance methods in R. phangorn, now offers the possibility of reconstructing phylogenies with distance based methods, maximum parsimony or maximum likelihood (ML) and performing Hadamard conjugation. Extending the general ML framework, this package provides the possibility of estimating mixture and partition models. Furthermore, phangorn offers several functions for comparing trees, phylogenetic models or splits, simulating character data and performing congruence analyses.Availability: phangorn can be obtained through the CRAN homepage http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/phangorn/index.html. phangorn is licensed under GPL 2.Contact: klaus.kschliep@snv.jussieu.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Post-release survival and physiology of angled luderick (Girella tricuspidata) after confinement in keeper nets in an Australian estuary
Authors: Butcher Paul A. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Hall Karina C. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractButcher, P. A., Broadhurst, M. K., Hall, K. C., and Cooke, S. J. 2011. Post-release survival and physiology of angled luderick (Girella tricuspidata) after confinement in keeper nets in an Australian estuary. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . The study was initiated in response to concerns about the post-release welfare of angled luderick (Girella tricuspidata) after protracted confinement in keeper nets. In all, 111 fish were angled and confined for 2–250 min before being released into holding cages (with 87 controls) and monitored for 4 d. Blood was taken from fish angled and brought on board immediately (n = 11), angled and held in keeper nets (n = 25), and angled and held in monitoring cages for 4 d (n = 12). Blood was also taken from controls held in monitoring cages for 4 d (n = 12). No controls and only one angled fish died. Compared with immediately sampled angled fish, those confined in keeper nets had significantly elevated cortisol, glucose, lactate, chloride, sodium, and aspartate aminotransferase. Most of the variables returned to pre-stress levels in caged fish after 4 d. Despite this recovery, the short-term stress associated with capture and keeper-net confinement has welfare implications and justifies avoiding such a practice and/or reducing the personal daily angling quota of the species.
Prevalence of Malignant Hyperthermia and Relationship with Anesthetics in Japan
Authors: Sumitani Masahiko , Uchida Kanji , Yasunaga Hideo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Kusakabe Yoshiomi , Matsuda Shinya , Yamada Yoshitsugu 
Published: December 2010

Background
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but life-threatening disease that occurs during general anesthesia. The actual prevalence of MH remains unclear, and the association between MH and various anesthetic drugs remains controversial because of a lack of universal reporting.

Methods
Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we collected data of inpatients who had general anesthesia between July and December 2006-2008. Patients' age, gender, diagnoses, procedures, and the use of drugs during anesthesia, including volatile agents, muscle relaxants, and propofol, were investigated. Univariate comparisons were made to examine the relationship of each anesthetic drug or demographic factor with the occurrence of MH.

Results
Of 1,238,171 surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia, we identified 17 MH patients. Only one in-hospital death was identified. Men were significantly more likely to contract MH(odds ratio: 3.49; 95% CI 1.14 -10.7; P=0.029). No MH patient was found among 19,871 suxamethonium users. The prevalence of MH was relatively high in users of sevoflurane and rocuronium compared with nonusers but was not statistically significant [corrected]..

Conclusions
No single drug was significantly associated with the occurrence of MH. Data should be continuously compiled, and further analyses with larger numbers of cases are necessary to identify possible causative agents.
Prolonged Suppression of Postincisional Pain by a Slow-release Formulation of Lidocaine
Authors: Wang Chi-Fei , Pancaro Carlo , Gerner Peter , Strichartz Gary 
Published: December 2010

Background
Postoperative pain can occur despite nerve blocks during the surgical period. Here we tested Xybrex (Orthocon, Inc., Irvington, NY), a slow-release formulation of lidocaine that blocks rat sciatic nerve for 1-2 days, for its ability to suppress postincisional pain.

Methods
A plantar paw incision was made in rats, either along the midline (Brennan model) or at the lateral edge, 30 min after different treatment groups received either lidocaine (0.2 ml, 2%) or Xybrex implant at the ipsilateral sciatic nerve or Xybrex at the contralateral sciatic nerve. Behavioral testing by von Frey filaments occurred at 2 and 6 h postoperatively and for the next 10 postoperative days. The fractional response (paw withdrawal responses per 10 pokes) was scored at each time.

Results
Mechanosensitivity from the Brennan paw incision was reduced throughout the postoperative period by ipsilateral Xybrex, although lidocaine injection almost had no effect. Contralateral Xybrex had a weaker but still significant antihyperalgesic effect, converging to that from ipsilateral Xybrex at postoperative day 2. Xybrex at the nuchal midline reduced allodynia for only postoperative days 1-3, whereas hyperalgesia was reduced continuously after postoperative day 2. Hyperalgesia from the lateral incision was also reduced by ipsilateral Xybrex but not by contralateral Xybrex.

Conclusions
Implants of slow-release lidocaine formulations are most effective against postincisional pain when placed at the ipsilateral nerve innervating the area of incision. Contralateral nerve implants are somewhat less effective, probably acting by releasing lidocaine into the systemic circulation. There appears to be a differential role of central sensitization between postincisional allodynia and hyperalgesia.
Evaluation of a New Routine Diagnostic Test for Immunoglobulin E Sensitization to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Laroche Dominique , Chollet-Martin Sylvie , Léturgie Pierre , Malzac Laure , Vergnaud Marie-Claude , Neukirch Catherine , Venemalm Lennart , Guéant Jean-Louis , Roland Pascale Nicaise 
Published: December 2010

Background
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) are responsible for most immediate hypersensitivity reactions during anesthesia, as a result of the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercial immunoglobulin E (IgE) test (quaternary ammonium morphine [QAM]) for diagnosing sensitivity to NMBA.

Methods
We tested 168 patients exposed to NMBAs during anesthesia. Of those patients, 54 had an uneventful procedure and 114 had immediate hypersensitivity reactions, and 57 patients had positive skin tests to the administered NMBA, whereas 57 had negative skin tests. Specific IgE concentrations determined with the QAM method based on a morphine solid phase were compared with those obtained with a recommended experimental method with a choline solid phase.

Results
For the QAM test, a 0.35 kUA/l positivity cutoff was chosen from the receiver operating characteristics curve. QAM-specific IgE was found in 84.2% of skin test-positive reactors (80.7% with the recommended method; no significant difference), and binding was inhibited by the culprit NMBA in 80% of cases. The frequency of QAM-specific IgE positivity was significantly higher in skin test-negative reactors (24.6%) than in controls (9.3%), suggesting NMBA sensitivity.

Conclusion
Sensitivity of the QAM test (84.2%), together with its simplicity and suitability for routine laboratory use, makes it a valuable tool, in conjunction with skin tests, for diagnosing NMBA sensitivity in patients who react after NMBA injection. The QAM test is of particular interest when skin tests are not available or not reliable or give results poorly compatible with mediator release or clinical features.
Unanticipated Difficult Airway Management in the Prehospital Emergency Setting
Authors: Combes Xavier , Jabre Patricia , Margenet Alain , Merle Jean Claude , Leroux Bertrand , Dru Michel , Lecarpentier Eric , Dhonneur Gilles 
Published: December 2010

Background
Difficult intubation management algorithms have proven efficacy in operating rooms but have rarely been assessed in a prehospital emergency setting. We undertook a prospective evaluation of a simple prehospital difficult intubation algorithm.

Methods
All of our prehospital emergency physicians and nurse anesthetists were asked to adhere to a simple algorithm in all cases of impossible laryngoscope-assisted tracheal intubation. They received a short refresher course and training in the use of the gum elastic bougie (GEB) and the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), which were techniques to be used as a first and a second step, respectively. In cases of difficult ventilation with arterial desaturation, IMLA was to be used first. Cricothyroidotomy was the ultimate rescue technique when ventilation through ILMA failed. Patient characteristics, adherence to the algorithm, management efficacy, and early complications were recorded (August 2005-December 2009).

Results
An alternative technique to secure the airway was needed in 160 of 2,674 (6%) patients undergoing intubation. Three instances of nonadherence to the algorithm were recorded. GEB was used first in 152 patients and was successful in 115. ILMA was used first in 8 patients and second in the 37 GEB-assisted intubation failures. Forty-five patients were successfully mask-ventilated, and 42 were blindly intubated before reaching the hospital. Cricothyroidotomy was used successfully in a patient with severe upper airway obstruction as a result of pharyngeal neoplasia. Early intubation-related complications occurred in 52% difficult cases.

Conclusion
Adherence to a simple algorithm using GEB, ILMA, and cricothyroidotomy solved all difficult intubation cases occurring in a prehospital emergency setting.
Isoflurane Neurotoxicity Is Mediated by p75NTR-RhoA Activation and Actin Depolymerization
Authors: Lemkuil Brian P. , Head Brian P. , Pearn Matthew L. , Patel Hemal H. , Drummond John C. , Patel Piyush M. 
Published: December 2010

Background
The mechanisms by which isoflurane injured the developing brain are not clear. Recent work has demonstrated that it is mediated in part by activation of p75 neurotrophin receptor. This receptor activates RhoA, a small guanosine triphosphatase that can depolymerize actin. It is therefore conceivable that inhibition of RhoA or prevention of cytoskeletal depolymerization might attenuate isoflurane neurotoxicity. This study was conducted to test these hypotheses using primary cultured neurons and hippocampal slice cultures from neonatal mouse pups.

Methods
Primary neuron cultures (days in vitro, 4-7) and hippocampal slice cultures from postnatal day 4-7 mice were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane (4 h). Neurons were pretreated with TAT-Pep5, an intracellular inhibitor of p75 neurotrophin receptor, the cytoskeletal stabilizer jasplakinolide, or their corresponding vehicles. Hippocampal slice cultures were pretreated with TAT-Pep5 before isoflurane exposure. RhoA activation was evaluated by immunoblot. Cytoskeletal depolymerization and apoptosis were evaluated with immunofluorescence microscopy using drebrin and cleaved caspase-3 staining, respectively.

Results
RhoA activation was increased after 30 and 120 min of isoflurane exposure in neurons; TAT-Pep5 (10 μm) decreased isoflurane-mediated RhoA activation at both time intervals. Isoflurane decreased drebrin immunofluorescence and enhanced cleaved caspase-3 in neurons, effects that were attenuated by pretreatment with either jasplakinolide (1 μm) or TAT-Pep5. TAT-Pep5 attenuated the isoflurane-mediated decrease in phalloidin immunofluorescence. TAT-Pep5 significantly attenuated isoflurane-mediated loss of drebrin immunofluorescence in hippocampal slices.

Conclusions
Isoflurane results in RhoA activation, cytoskeletal depolymerization, and apoptosis. Inhibition of RhoA activation or prevention of downstream actin depolymerization significantly attenuated isoflurane-mediated neurotoxicity in developing neurons.
RanGAP2 Mediates Nucleocytoplasmic Partitioning of the NB-LRR Immune Receptor Rx in the Solanaceae, Thereby Dictating Rx Function
Authors: Tameling Wladimir I.L. , Nooijen Claudia , Ludwig Nora , Boter Marta , Slootweg Erik , Goverse Aska , Shirasu Ken , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) nucleotide binding–leucine-rich repeat immune receptor Rx confers resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) and requires Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2) for effective immune signaling. Although Rx does not contain a discernible nuclear localization signal, the protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transient coexpression of Rx and cytoplasmically localized RanGAP2 sequesters Rx in the cytoplasm. This relocation of the immune receptor appeared to be mediated by the physical interaction between Rx and RanGAP2 and was independent of the concomitant increased GAP activity. Coexpression with RanGAP2 also potentiates Rx-mediated immune signaling, leading to a hypersensitive response (HR) and enhanced resistance to PVX. Besides sequestration, RanGAP2 also stabilizes Rx, a process that likely contributes to enhanced defense signaling. Strikingly, coexpression of Rx with the Rx-interacting WPP domain of RanGAP2 fused to a nuclear localization signal leads to hyperaccumulation of both the WPP domain and Rx in the nucleus. As a consequence, both Rx-mediated resistance to PVX and the HR induced by auto-active Rx mutants are significantly suppressed. These data show that a balanced nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of Rx is required for proper regulation of defense signaling. Furthermore, our data indicate that RanGAP2 regulates this partitioning by serving as a cytoplasmic retention factor for Rx.
A simple estimator for stress errors dedicated to large elastic finite element simulations
Authors: Florentin Eric , Guinard Stéphane , Pasquet Philippe 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the verification of local quantities of interest obtained through linear elastic finite element analysis. A technique is presented for determining the most accurate error estimation. This technique enables one to address industrial‐size problems while keeping computing costs reasonable.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of error in constitutive relation is used to assess the quality of the finite element solution. The key issue is the construction of admissible fields. The objective is to show that it is possible to build admissible fields using a new method. These fields are obtained by using a high‐quality construction over a limited zone while the construction is less refined and less expensive elsewhere.FindingsNumerical tests are presented in order to illustrate a very satisfying presented methodology. It shows clearly how to take advantage of the method to treat large examples. They clearly show the interest of this new method to treat large examples.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates clearly that verification of large finite element problem must have dedicated methods in order to be applicable.