bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible bioreactor system for constructing in vitro tissue and organ models
Authors: Vozzi Federico , Mazzei Daniele , Vinci Bruna , Vozzi Giovanni , Sbrana Tommaso , Ricotti Leonardo , Forgione Nicola , Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo develop in vitro models of cells, tissues and organs we have designed and realized a series of cell culture chambers. Each chamber is purpose designed to simulate a particular feature of the in vivo environment. The bioreactor system is user friendly, and the chambers are easy to produce, sterilize and assemble. In addition they can be connected together to simulate inter‐organ or tissue cross‐talk. Here we discuss the design philosophy of the bioreactor system and then describe its construction. Preliminary results of validation tests obtained with hepatocytes and endothelial cells are also reported. The results show that endothelial cells are extremely sensitive to small levels of shear stress and that the presence of heterotypic signals from endothelial cells enhances the endogenous metabolic function of hepatocytes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2129–2140. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consistent manufacturing and quality control of a highly complex recombinant polyclonal antibody product for human therapeutic use
Authors: Frandsen Torben P. , Næsted Henrik , Rasmussen Søren K. , Hauptig Peter , Wiberg Finn C. , Rasmussen Lone Kjær , Jensen Anne Marie Valentin , Persson Pia , Wikén Margareta , Engström Anders , Jiang Yun , Thorpe Susan J. , Förberg Cecilia , Tolstrup Anne B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe beneficial effect of antibody therapy in human disease has become well established mainly for the treatment of cancer and immunological disorders. The inherent monospecificity of mAbs present limitations to mAb therapy which have become apparent notably in addressing complex entities like infectious agents or heterogenic endogenous targets. For such indications mixtures of antibodies comprising a combination of specificities would convey more potent biological effect which could translate into therapeutic efficacy. Recombinant polyclonal antibodies (rpAb) consisting of a defined number of well‐characterized mAbs constitute a new class of target specific antibody therapy. We have developed a cost‐efficient cell banking and single‐batch manufacturing concept for the production of such products and demonstrate that a complex pAb composition, rozrolimupab, comprising 25 individual antibodies can be manufactured in a highly consistent manner in a scaled‐up manufacturing process. We present a strategy for the release and characterization of antibody mixtures which constitute a complete series of chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) analytical methods to address identity, purity, quantity, potency, and general characteristics. Finally we document selected quality attributes of rozrolimupab based on a battery of assays at the genetic‐, protein‐, and functional level and demonstrate that the manufactured rozrolimupab batches are highly pure and very uniform in their composition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2171–2181. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactive sign language synthesis based on adaptive display resolution visibility for ubiquitous devices
Authors: Pan Jun , Wang Jian‐min , Cao Shun‐ting , Luo Xiao‐nan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a novel framework that synthesize Chinese sign language (CSL) animation on ubiquitous platform‐independent devices with consideration of the self‐adaptive rendering capability of the device display screen. The display resolution visibility (DRV) factor is introduced here as the measurement of the system's adaptability. Both the 3D virtual human model and sign animation scripts are simplified according to the DRV Factor of the ubiquitous device. Consequently, a real‐time transmission scheme is proposed for sign language animation over a heterogeneous network. Simulations results show that these innovations significantly reduce the transmission bandwidth and work very well on the ubiquitous devices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UEGM: uncertain emotion generator under multi‐stimulus
Authors: Xiang Nan , Zhao Haiying , Zhou Xiaojian , Xu Mingliang , El Rhalibi Abdennour , Wu Yu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a novel particle filtering architecture to simulate uncertain emotion generation under multi‐stimulus, to enrich emotions for virtual characters. Particles are exploited to predict emotions by sampling possible natural emotional reactions from individuals' memories and common reactions, and the prediction is subsequently adjusted through likelihood function constructed through appraisals of the cognitive component. Thus this generation process combines the natural reactions and cognitive results of individuals' into a unified architecture. Furthermore, the expression of emotion as a communicative act is implemented by setting moral standards that an individual must obey, no matter what his or her real emotional reaction is to the stimulus. This generation and expression process is implemented with our uncertain emotion generator under multi‐stimulus system (UEGM). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting missing markers in human motion capture using l1‐sparse representation
Authors: Xiao Jun , Feng Yinfu , Hu Wenyuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMissing marker problem is very common in human motion capture. In contrast to most current methods which handle this problem based on trying to learn a reliable predictor from the observations, we consider it from the perspective of sparse representation and propose a novel method which is named l1‐sparse representation of missing markers prediction (L1‐SRMMP). We assume that the incomplete pose can be represented by a linear combination of a few poses from the training set and the representation is sparse. Therefore, we cast the predicting missing markers as finding a sparse representation of the observable data of the incomplete pose, and then we use it to predict the missing data. In order to get a sparse representation, we employ l1‐norm in our objective function. Moreover, we propose presentation coefficient weighted update (PCWU) algorithm to mitigate the limited capacity problem of the training set. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method to predict the missing markers in human motion capture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LASER endovascular atherectomy with secondary stenting of technically challenging calcified celiac trunk stenosis
Authors: Yaqub Yasir , Suarez Jose , Jenkins Leigh Ann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEndovascular therapy for chronic mesenteric ischemia is a proven, feasible alternative approach to open surgical repair with significantly lower morbidity and mortality. A clinical dilemma is encountered when technically challenging lesions are encountered during the procedure. We present here an 86 year‐old woman who had intractable abdominal pain with postprandial exacerbation. The patient had successful endovascular light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation atherectomy of a highly calcified celiac truck, showing the feasibility of this technique. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Fabrication of Co3O4 and CuO/BiVO4 Composite Photocatalysts with High Crystallinity and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity via Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Yu Changlin , Yang Kai , Yu Jimmy C. , Cao Fangfang , Li Xin , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCo3O4/BiVO4 and CuO/BiVO4 composite photocatalysts are prepared by intense ultrasound irradiation of aqueous solutions containing Bi(NO3)3, NH4VO3, Cu(OAc)2 or Co(OAc)2, nonionic surfactant P123, EtOH, HNO3, and NaOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Allylation Reactions of Simple Imines in Aqueous Solution Mediated by Nanoscale Zinc Architectures.
Authors: Huang Jing‐Mei , Wang Xu‐Xiao , Dong Yi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDeposited zinc(0) powder with nanoscale hierarchitectures play an important role in the electrochemical reaction of imines with allylic bromides, benzyl bromides, and alkyl iodides in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Assisted by 1,3,2‐Diazaphospholidine Derivatives of (R,R)‐N‐Naphthyltartarimide.
Authors: Gavrilov K. N. , Rastorguev E. A. , Zheglov S. V. , Groshkin N. N. , Boyko V. E. , Safronov A. S. , Petrovskii P. V. , Davankov V. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNovel P,P‐bidentate diamidophosphite ligands (I) are synthesized and applied to Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions with amines or dimethyl malonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Protodeboronation of Tertiary Boronic Esters: Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alkyl Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Nave Stefan , Sonawane Ravindra P. , Elford Tim G. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTertiary boronic esters smoothly undergo protodeboronation in the presence of CsF or TBAF in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis in Highly Enantioselective Mannich‐Type Three‐Component Reaction of a Diazoacetophenone with an Alcohol and an Imine.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Qian Yu , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHigh diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities are observed in the three‐component Mannich‐type reaction of diazoacetophenone (I) with alcohol (III) and para‐ or meta‐substituted aromatic imines (II) using a Rh2(O‐Ac)4/BINOL‐derived chiral phosphoric acid catalyst combination.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular O—H Insertion: An Efficient Approach to Chiral 2‐Carboxy Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Song Xiao‐Guang , Li Yu , Cai Yan , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA highly enantioselective intramolecular carbene insertion into an X—H bond is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoclusters in Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes with Toluenesulfonamide under Aerobic and Basic Conditions.
Authors: Kitahara Hiroaki , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUnder conditions A), 5‐ and 6‐aminoalkenes as well as 5‐aminoalkynes smoothly undergo cyclization to afford pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Cyclization of Hydroxylated Enynes: A Concise Synthesis of Five‐Membered Heterocycles.
Authors: Ji Ke‐Gong , Chen Jin , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Yang Fang , Shaukat Ali , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA mild and direct route to five‐membered heterocyclic compounds from hydroxylated enynes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Dearomatization of Nitrobenzene Derivatives and Other Nitroarenes with N‐Benzyl Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Lee Sunyoung , Chataigner Isabelle , Piettre Serge R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe TFA‐catalyzed reaction of nitroarenes or heterocycles featuring a less pronounced aromatic character affords a variety of pyrrolo‐fused polycycles in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Inter‐ and Intramolecular Hydroamination of Styrenes Coupled with Alcohol Oxidation Using N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the Oxidant.
Authors: Xu Tao , Qiu Shuifa , Liu Guosheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt provides an effective method to prepare amines like (III) and (V) and pyrrolidines such as (VII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Organic Azides from Primary Amines with 2‐Azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Yano Masakazu , Tashiro Norifumi , Miyagawa Satoshi , Sando Mitsuyoshi , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA stable, solid and easy to handle diazo‐transfer reagent is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis of Substituted Dihydropyrans and Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Donnard Morgan , Tschamber Theophile , Le Nouen Didier , Desrat Sandy , Hinsinger Karen , Eustache Jacques 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExamples for functionalization of the substrates either prior to the metathesis reaction or following it are additionally given to demonstrate the value of this method for the preparation of nonclassical saccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes Using Carbon Dioxide and Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Xu Tinghua , Semba Kazuhiko , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCopper complexes (I) bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand are efficient catalysts for the hydrocarboxylation of unsymmetrical or symmetrical alkynes using SiH(OEt)3 as reducing agent to give α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids as (E)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Amides via Ritter Chemistry with Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Waters Sarah N. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Broensted‐acidic [bmimSO3H]OTf is found to be an efficient catalytic medium for the reaction of nitriles with tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: New General Synthesis of α‐Alkoxyketones via α′‐Alkylation, α‐Alkylation and α,α′‐Dialkylation of α‐Alkoxyketimines.
Authors: Colpaert Filip , Mangelinckx Sven , Rocchetti Maria Teresa , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe α‐methoxyketones are prepared via deprotonation of the starting propylidene amine (I) with LDA, followed by reaction with alkyl halides and hydrolysis of the imino functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: The Grob—Eschenmoser Fragmentation of Cycloalkanones Bearing β‐Electron Withdrawing Groups: A General Strategy to Acyclic Synthetic Intermediates.
Authors: Hierold Judith , Hsia Tina , Lupton David W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction of a electron‐withdrawing group to cycloalkanones enables facile C—C bond fragmentation.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Cascade [3 + 2] Cyclization—Allylic Alkylation, [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation, and [3 + 2] Cyclization Reactions Between Allylic Carbonates and Enones.
Authors: Zhou Rong , Wang Jianfang , Song Haibin , He Zhengjie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDepending on the nature of educts, the PBu3‐catalyzed reaction of allylic carbonates with enones allows efficient formation of cascade [3 + 2] cyclization—allylic alkylation, [3 + 2] cyclization, or [2 + 2 + 1] annulations products.
ChemInform Abstract: Competitive Pathways in the Reaction of Lithium Oxy‐ortho‐quinodimethanes and Fischer Alkoxy Alkynyl Carbene Complexes: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Seven‐Membered Benzocarbocycles.
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Novillo Carlos , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Aguilar Enrique 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReaction of in situ generated 1‐oxy‐ortho‐quinodimethanes with alkoxy alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes can provide four different cycloadducts depending on the substrate structure and on the reaction solvent used.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example of Trimethylsilyl Methylenenitronate Reacting with Aldehydes under an Apparent Mukaiyama Nitro‐Aldol Reaction.
Authors: MacDonald Frank K. , Carneiro Karina M. M. , Pottie Ian R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction with (I) as the starting nitroalkane is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Heteroatom Coupling Reactions under Mild Conditions Promoted by Resin‐Bound Organic Ionic Bases.
Authors: Huang Yao‐Bing , Yang Chu‐Ting , Yi Jun , Deng Xiao‐Jian , Fu Yao , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe resin‐bound organic ionic bases promote efficiently Cu‐catalyzed carbon—heteroatom couplings as well as Ni‐catalyzed Suzuki and Pd‐catalyzed Heck reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Promoted Oxidative Addition and Regioselective Arylation of Olefins with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Ruan Jiwu , Iggo Jonathan A. , Berry Neil G. , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe general, and highly efficient catalytic system allows a wide range of activated and unactivated aryl chlorides to couple, α‐regioselectively, with electron‐rich olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis and Some Characteristic Reactions of Novel Propiolamidinium Salts.
Authors: Weingaertner Werner , Kantlehner Willi , Maas Gerhard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of alkynes such as (I) with hexaalkylguanidinium chlorides (II) provides novel orthoamide derivatives which are converted into propiolamidinium halides, triflates, and tetraphenylborates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Bromides Using Phosphine‐Free Pyridyl‐Hydrazone Ligands.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Koizumi Tomoko , Shibuya Masanori , Hirai Kiminori , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction affords poor results if electron‐deficient aryl bromides are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition to Electron‐Deficient Alkynes with Benzenesulfinic Acid Derived from 1,2‐Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethane: Selective Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yu , Liu Yan‐Yun , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn most cases, high regio‐ and stereoselectivity is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly para‐Selective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Aniline and Phenol Derivatives.
Authors: Ciana Claire‐Lise , Phipps Robert J. , Brandt Jochen R. , Meyer Falco‐Magnus , Gaunt Matthew J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA complex polyaryl (XXII) is prepared by iterative arylation of aniline (XVa) at the para‐, ortho‐ and meta‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Simple Arenes.
Authors: Wei Ye , Su Weiping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient and straightforward method for the coupling of diverse electron‐deficient polyfluoroarenes with benzene and substituted benzenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Suzuki Reactions and Orthogonal Cu‐Based O‐Arylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Dai Jian‐Jun , Liu Jing‐Hui , Luo Dong‐Fen , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of carboxylic acids with boronic acids in the presence of cupric triflate as catalyst gives rise to esters (III) as sole products, whilst the use of palladous trifluoroacetate as catalyst leads to biaryls (IV) and (VII) as a result of a decarboxylative Suzuki reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Biphenols from 1,4‐Diketones by Traceless Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Exchange.
Authors: Guo Fenghai , Konkol Leah C. , Thomson Regan J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractKey step in the new method is the highly selective transfer of central to axial chirality by double aromatization provided by BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Olefins by Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Tosylhydrazones and Aryl Nonaflates.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Florentino Lucia , Aznar Fernando , Valdes Carlos 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA variety of di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes is prepared with high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerine and CeCl3·7H2O: An Efficient and Recyclable Reaction Medium for Ring Opening of Epoxides with Thioamides and Amines.
Authors: Narsaiah A. Venkat , Wadavrao Sachin B. , Reddy A. Ramesh , Yadav J. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple, mild and efficient green protocol for the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Photovoltaics Incorporating Fulleroisoquinolinones as n‐Type Materials
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Luo Charlene , Ting Ching , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPd‐catalyzed synthesis of fulleroisoquinolinones and fulleroindolines and evaluation of their performance when incorporated with the conjugated polymer P3HT in a device
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aziridine‐ and Oxirane‐2‐phosphonates Spiro‐Fused with Oxindoles.
Authors: Gasperi Tecla , Loreto M. Antonietta , Migliorini Antonella , Ventura Claudia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCyclization of phosphorylmethyleneoxindoles (III) with nosyloxy carbamate (IV) provides access towards new spirocyclic aziridinephosphonates (V) as single trans‐diastereomers, while the epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide proceeds with moderate trans‐selectivity [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: TfOH‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclopropane Ring Enlargement/C—C Formation/Etherification of Alkynylcyclopropanes and 1,3‐Diketones to Cyclobutane‐Fused Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Ye Siyu , Yu Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of cyclobutane‐fused dihydrofurans (III) is obtained by a novel reaction between alkynylcyclopropanes (I) and diketones (II) in the presence of TfOH as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Diiodide Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of Mixed Enone—Enoate Systems: A Simple Preparation of Spirocyclic Ethers.
Authors: Meng Junxiu , Light Mark E. , Kilburn Jeremy D. , Dixon Sally 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cyclization of substrates with different ring size and length of the tether is achieved with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Selective Synthesis of 2,5‐Substituted Pyrroles by Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Alkynyl Aziridines.
Authors: Davies Paul W. , Martin Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the case of silylated alkynes like (V), desilylation takes place giving 2‐substituted pyrroles such as (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via [4C + 1N] Cyclization of 4‐Acetylenic Ketones with Primary Amines.
Authors: Wang Yeming , Bi Xihe , Li Dehua , Liao Peiqiu , Wang Yidong , Yang Jin , Zhang Qian , Liu Qun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA convenient procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of tetra‐ and pentasubstituted pyrroles (III) using an iron‐catalyzed cyclization of acetylenic ketones (I) with amines (II) (31 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles from Arylaldehydes, Benzyl Alcohols, or Benzyl Halides with Hexamethyldisilazane in Molten Tetrabutylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Salehi Javad , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Khosropour Ahmad R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSimple and efficient methods for the synthesis of the title compounds (II), by using available and inexpensive reagents, is developed in the ionic liquid Bu4NBr as a green solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Cyclization Reactions of Chiral Proline Auxiliary‐Substituted N‐Benzoyl‐α‐dehydro(1‐naphthyl)alaninamide Derivatives via Photoinduced Electron Transfer.
Authors: Sato Yuhki , Haruyama Yuhta , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of the substituent in the chiral auxiliary of naphthylalaninamide derivatives (I) and solvent on the extent to which either diastereomer is formed in excess are examined with the aim of elucidating a detailed mechanism for the observed asymmetric photoinduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Nitrone Cycloadditions with 2‐Alkenoyl Pyridine N‐Oxides Catalyzed by Cu(II)—BOX Complexes.
Authors: Barroso Santiago , Blay Gonzalo , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction is catalyzed best by the chiral BOX catalyst and the addition of 4Å molecular sieves is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antitumor Activity of New Oxadiazole Thioglycosides.
Authors: Abu‐Zaied M. A. , El‐Telbani E. M. , Elgemeie G. H. , Nawwar G. A. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractKey step in the synthesis of novel oxadiazole‐2‐thiol aglycon (IV) and (VIII), respectively is the formation of pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde (III) via Vilsmeier—Haack reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Asymmetric Syntheses of β‐Hydroxy‐δ‐lactones via Umpolung with Sulfur Dioxide.
Authors: Exner Claudia J. , Laclef Sylvain , Poli Florent , Turks Maris , Vogel Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA number of title compounds like (V) and (VIII) and analogously (XII) and (XIII) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Transformation of Flav‐3‐Enes Using Reductive Elimination of Flav‐4‐Triflate.
Authors: Kohari Yoshihito , Hoshino Yukio , Matsuyama Haruo , Nakano Hiroto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA mild and efficient synthetic methodology for obtaining the compounds (IV), which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of flavonoids, is developed.