bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Response and Posttransport Survival of Hybrid Striped Bass Transported with or without Clove Oil
Authors: Sink Todd D , Neal J Wesley 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine whether stress responses and associated mortality in hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis) during and after transport could be mitigated by use of anesthesia with low concentrations of clove oil (10 μL/L of water) during transport. Stress indicators, including plasma cortisol, glucose, chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++) concentrations, were determined for hybrid striped bass sampled (1) initially from ponds, (2) after seining (45 min), (3) immediately after a 3-h transport, and (4) at 24 h posttransport (recovery); these values were compared with those of captive control fish. Fish anesthetized with clove oil during transport exhibited prolonged elevation of cortisol concentrations (124.3 ± 13.2 ng/mL, mean ± SE) at 24 h posttransport, while fish not exposed to anesthetic during transport recovered rapidly (to 34.1 ± 13.3 ng/mL) within 24 h. Plasma glucose concentrations in hybrid striped bass exposed to clove oil during transport were significantly (α = 0.05, P &lt; 0.05) elevated (135.1 ± 5.6 mg/dL) immediately after transport and then decreased by 24 h posttransport (84.3 ± 3.4 mg/dL) compared with the 24-h posttransport level for fish transported without anesthetic (101.0 ± 5.0 mg/dL). Plasma electrolyte (Na+, Cl−, and K+) concentrations indicated that osmoregulatory distress occurred after transport in hybrid striped bass transported with clove oil, while electrolyte changes were less severe in fish transported without anesthesia. No hydromineral imbalance occurred based upon plasma Ca++ concentrations in either treatment. High mortality occurred within 7 d posttransport in both treatment groups but was not significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the treatments. Observed mortality was primarily, if not entirely, due to Flavobacterium columnare infection. Hybrid striped bass transported during light clove oil sedation took longer to recover and exhibited no improved survival or disease resistance compared with fish transported without anesthesia. No potential benefit of transporting hybrid striped bass under anesthesia induced by clove oil is evident.
Peeking at ecosystem stability: making use of a natural disturbance experiment to analyze resistance and resilience
Authors: Bruelheide Helge , Luginbühl Ute 
Published: May 2009

To determine which factors contribute most to the stability of species composition in a beech forest after profound disturbance, we made use of a natural experiment caused by a severe windthrow that occurred at a permanent monitoring site in an old beech forest in Lower Saxony (Germany). The floristic composition was recorded for the succeeding five years after the disturbance and used to derive measures of resistance and resilience for plots as well as for individual species.Due to the existence of previously established randomly distributed permanent plots, we had precise information of the pre‐disturbance state, including initial cover of the herb layer, species richness, and species composition. Variables describing the floristic change, resistance, and resilience were derived from correspondence analysis allowing for partitioning the effects of variation among plots from those of temporal change. We asked to which degree these variables could be predicted by pre‐disturbance state and disturbance intensity.We found that both the pre‐disturbance state and the disturbance intensity were good predictors for floristic change and resistance, while they failed to predict resilience. Among the descriptors of the pre‐disturbance state the initial cover of the herb layer turned out to be a useful predictor, which is explained by a high vegetation cover buffering against losses and preventing establishment of newcomers. In contrast, species number neither showed a relationship to floristic change nor to resistance. Putative positive effects of species number on stability according to the insurance hypothesis might have been counterbalanced by a disruption of niche complementarity in species‐rich communities. Among the descriptors of disturbance intensity, the loss in canopy cover and the change in photosynthetically active radiation after the storm were equally good predictors for the change in floristic composition and resistance. The analysis of the responses of single species on initial vegetation cover and disturbance intensity revealed that a wide range of different mechanisms were involved. Resistance and resilience did not depend on the presence of particular species or on specific traits.
Contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production
Authors: Fick Jerker , Söderström Hanna , Lindberg Richard H. , Phan Chau , Tysklind Mats , Larsson D. G. Joakim 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Low levels of pharmaceuticals are detected in surface, ground, and drinking water worldwide. Usage and incorrect disposal have been considered the major environmental sources of these microcontaminants. Recent publications, however, suggest that wastewater from drug production can potentially be a source of much higher concentrations in certain locations. The present study investigated the environmental fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients in a major production area for the global bulk drug market. Water samples were taken from a common effluent treatment plant near Hyderabad, India, which receives process water from approximately 90 bulk drug manufacturers. Surface water was analyzed from the recipient stream and from two lakes that are not contaminated by the treatment plant. Water samples were also taken from wells in six nearby villages. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 12 pharmaceuticals with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All wells were determined to be contaminated with drugs. Ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, cetirizine, terbinafine, and citalopram were detected at more than 1 μg/L in several wells. Very high concentrations of ciprofloxacin (14 mg/L) and cetirizine (2.1 mg/L) were found in the effluent of the treatment plant, together with high concentrations of seven additional pharmaceuticals. Very high concentrations of ciprofloxacin (up to 6.5 mg/L), cetirizine (up to 1.2 mg/L), norfloxacin (up to 0.52 mg/L), and enoxacin (up to 0.16 mg/L) were also detected in the two lakes, which clearly shows that the investigated area has additional environmental sources of insufficiently treated industrial waste. Thus, insufficient wastewater management in one of the world's largest centers for bulk drug production leads to unprecedented drug contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water. This raises serious concerns regarding the development of antibiotic resistance, and it creates a major challenge for producers and regulatory agencies to improve the situation.
Instructional Case: Estimating Learning-Curve Functions for Managerial Planning, Control, and Decision-Making
Authors: Stout David E. , Juras Paul E. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: Elora Electronics, Limited (EEL), a fictitious company, manufactures sophisticated, high-tech electronic equipment. Though successful in the past, the company has seen a decline in the number of bids it has won. Management is especially concerned about the bids the company recently lost on one of its main products, a sophisticated radar system. Most of the contracts for EEL, including those for the radar system, are bid on a “cost-plus” basis. Up to this point, divisional managers have used a simple average of recent actual costs to estimate costs for contract-bidding purposes. Such a procedure was deemed useful for cost-control purposes because actual costs have consistently been below budgeted costs. However, given the changed competitive environment in which EEL now finds itself, these managers are now wondering whether the contract-bidding process can be made more successful through the use of a more sophisticated approach to cost estimation.
For purposes of completing this case, assume that you were recently hired by EEL as a management accountant for the Radar Unit. For your first assignment you have been asked to use Excel (or other software, such as SPSS) to analyze and model the direct labor-hour (DLH) consumption associated with the production of radar units. (The production of these units requires a significant amount of highly skilled labor.) You have a set of historical observations to which you've been asked to fit both linear and nonlinear functions (in the form of learning curves); these observations relate to the last 14 radar units produced by EEL. Among other tasks, you will need to generate and interpret for management the statistical output associated with the model-fitting task and to recommend to the company a particular model for cost-estimation purposes. There is an expectation that the model you recommend will be used by EEL for contract-bidding purposes. To prepare adequately for your cost-analysis project, you will need to complete two “refresher” tutorials presented as appendices to the case.
New Drugs in Development for the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: May 2009

In BriefA variety of new agents are in development for the treatment of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. In addition to new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs, thiazolidinediones, glinides, and new insulin formulations, there are also unique peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and several other unique agents now in development.
L'expérience de Philippe Buonarroti. Les structures agraires de la Corse, au début de la Révolution française.
Authors: Defranceschi Jean 
Published: May 2009

It is generally unknown that, during his stay in Corsica, at the beginning of the French Revolution, Buonarroti led the « Vente des Biens Nationaux » and studied by that way the mechanism of the communal régime.
Each community's land was then divided in three distinct parts :
— the common territory (circolo) which each inhabitant could bring into cultivation for himself without securing him a right to the land which remained the commonweal
— the arable land (presa) belonging to several villages which was periodically partioned between all their inhabitants
— the waste land and the woods (foresto) belonging to several villages as well
Therefore, the influence of Corsica on the intellectual formation of the theoretician of the « Conjuration des Egaux » is under estimated. Because considering things from Corsica, « babouvism » is called « paolism ». Jean Defranceschl
Le Directoire avait-il une politique religieuse ?
Authors: Suratteau Jean-René 
Published: May 2009

Jean-René Suratteau, Did the « Directoire » have religious policy ?
An established scholar of the period, the author reopens the case concerning the religious policy of the Revolution after Thermidor and investigates the first separation of Church and State and the attitude thanks to which tented to alternate repression and a certain toleration encouraging a renewal of Catholic religious practice. He follows the misadventures of a constitutional church, restored with difficulty and marginalized, describes the rather unsuccessful attempt at setting up a civic religion and concludes that the Directoire hardly had any clear policy and even less a stedfast one ; it was doubtless impossible to establish a coherent policy within such a short period.
De la Liberté à l'Union dans l'iconographie des drapeaux des districts parisiens
Authors: Liris Élisabeth 
Published: May 2009

Elisabeth Liris, From Liberty to Union in the Iconography of the Flags of the Parisian Districts.
Set up in 1788, the sixty Parisian districts each had its own flag in the early days of the Revolution, at the time the National Guard was being organized. Vieilh de Varenne, one of the victors of the Bastille published a "curious" description of them "accompanied by plates" which furnish the necessary material for an analysis of the symbolism established by these banners, each of which is different. One finds representations of victorious Liberty, of violence brought under control, of the desire for union and reconciliation. There are references to the royal person, and to the allegory of Paris : the monarchical or religious elements are mixed with the new emblems of liberty in the framework of this period between July and October 1989 and the search for a reborn unanimity.
La cocarde directoriale : dérives d'un symbole révolutionnaire
Authors: Devocelle Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2009

Jean-Marc Devocelle : La cocarde directoriale, dérives d'un symbole révolutionnaire.
Cette étude est principalement fondée sur le débat qui s'est instauré en frimaire an VII aux Cinq Cents, comme dans l'opinion publique pour se poursuivre jusqu'en floréal, sur le problème du port de la cocarde. Elle rappelle les étapes de l'aventure de cet emblème national depuis le début de la Révolution, et, à partir des interventions et rapports de l'an II analyse ce que représente désormais cet enjeu politique, à travers des opinions contradictoires : cocarde, d'obligatoire devenue le signe récognitif des vrais républicains, à l'exclusion des étrangers et des femmes, cocarde signe d'intégration à la vie civique pour les jeunes, cocarde symbole d'égalité... ou cocarde des militaires dont l'influence va croissante.
La représentation de la République française à travers les gravures satiriques et la presse quotidienne anglaise
Authors: Dupuy P. , Bourgeois C. 
Published: May 2009

Pascal Dupuy and Caroline Bourgeois : The Representation of the French Republic in English Satirical Prints (1792-1799) and the English Daily Press (1792-1793).
The theme of the republic is very much present in the English press and in the abundant production of satirical prints during the political debate of the early 1790s in Great Britain. The radicals and the opposition were accused of fomenting hostility to the English Crown. The French Revolution exacerbated the political war being waged in print and through satirical representations and it contributed new images to its repertory : the sans-culotte, the guillotine, the povery and violence which reigned in France and, in counterpoint, British prosperity. The authors analyze many of the characteristic prints by Gillray and his contemporaries and study the impact of this propaganda compaign on the long-term development of English stereotyped images and clichés.
L'influence des cahiers modèles en 1789, l'expérience du Gard
Authors: Allen Edward A. 
Published: May 2009

Edward A. Allen, The Influence of Models for the Cahiers of 1789.
The well-known phenomenon of the circulation of set forms for the drawing up of the cahiers de doléances at the end of winter 1789 is studied here in a specific case study of the Gard department.
Half the communities expressed or borrowed grievances, a third did so within networks grouping three to twenty communes. These networks were structured in various ways : in one case a town or a community would be guided the others ; in another, smaller groups were formed within larger ones. Assemblies preparing the official regional ones were called by "patriot" leaders as early as December 1788 and drew up lists of grievances. Pamphlets illustrated them. It has been possible to demonstrate the personal part played by persons presiding over several community assemblies.
The patriot's local enemies such as the Bishop of Uzès began to worry about the organisation of their adversaries, but not the Royal officers who had already received orders not to intervene.
Histoire et polémique, le massacre de Machecoul
Authors: Martin Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2009

Jean-Clément Martin, History and Polemics : the Machecoul Massacres.
The Machecoul Massacres, that is, in March and April 1793, the execution or lynching of at least one hundred and fifty people considered as "blues" by the peasants, who had taken over this small town of the Loire Atlantique department, forms, in the Republicans' memory, the counterpart of the Lues Massacre engraved in the counterrevolutionary memory.
This careful study describes the economic, social, political and cultural conditions of this small region during the first years of the Revolution. It confirms the classic studies on the causes of "the Vendée", except that the situation was probably even worse in Machecoul and the surrounding parishes because of the close geographical intermixing of "patriots" and "non-patriots". They were literally neighbours. If the sociology of the victims holds few surprises (civil officiers, members of the local petite and moyenne bourgeoisie, Constitutional priests), that of the persecutors isn't very different. The activists were also merchants and local worthies; they had been opposing the new order of things since 1789 and in an atmosphere of religious division, they had galvanized rural discontent at the time of the drawing of lots.
Henceforth the Republican legend pointed to the Machecoul butchers as the very epitome of savage peasantry.
Aux origines culturelles d'un engagement politique : les notes de lecture d'Antonelle
Authors: Serna Pierre 
Published: May 2009

Pierre Serna, Aux origines culturelles d'un engagement politique : les notes de lecture d'Antonelle.
Le chevalier d'Antonelle — sous la Révolution maire d'Arles, député à la Législative, membre du tribunal révolutionnaire, participant à la Conjuration des Égaux — a laissé plusieurs centaines de feuillets suscités par des lectures effectuées en solitaire entre 1782 et 1789. L'étude quantitative et reflexive de ces documents permet de pénétrer à l'intérieur de l'univers culturel du personnage. Il découvre tardivement les auteurs classiques des Lumières de Locke à Mably, est un matérialiste sensualiste. Elle permet aussi de connaître une personnalité complexe, inquiète, pessimiste, masochiste. Antonelle est convaincu que l'homme n'est pas naturellement libre, et tire paradoxalement de cette conviction sa volonté d'agir sur le plan politique social : l'homme ne peut que résister aux conditions politiques et sociales qui le façonnent. La pratique révolutionnaire d'Antonelle sera fille de cette culture des Lumières.
Les déportés guadeloupéens et haïtiens en Corse
Authors: Arzalier Francis 
Published: May 2009

Francis Arzalier, / deportati délia Guadalupa e di Haïti in Corsica.
Parecchie centinaia di abitanti délie Antille furono deportati in Corsica dopo la riconquista délia Guadalupa, sotto il Consolato, e dopo la spedizione di Leclerc ad Haïti. L'ergastolo corso faceva parte dei progetti di valorizzazione dell'isola dopo che Choiseul Pebbe acquista. I deportati lavorarono in condizioni durissime (quasi tutti morirono) per costruire strade e porti. Alcuni tornarono ad Haïti quando la Restaura- zione riconobbe Pindipendenza dello stato nero.
Les conduites politiques en l'an II. Compte rendu et récit de vie révolutionnaires
Authors: Garnier Sylvie 
Published: May 2009

Sylvie Garnier, Les conduites politiques en l'an IL Comptes rendus et récits de vie révolutionnaires.
Par le décret du 8 ventôse an II, le Comité de sûreté générale fut investi du pouvoir d'entendre les patriotes détenus faire le récit de leur conduite depuis mai 1789.
L'historien dispose ainsi d'un vaste corpus d'autobiographies révolutionnaires. S. G. distingue deux registres de discours : l'un est descriptif, l'autre cherche à établir une complicité avec les auditeurs. Celui qui parle et ceux qui écoutent sont censés être également patriotes, adhérer aux mêmes principes du droit naturel, aux mêmes objectifs de régénération et de fondation d'un ordre nouveau.
Recherches sur les prénoms révolutionnaires à Paris
Authors: Bange Raphaël 
Published: May 2009

Raphaël Bange, Ricerche sui nomi rivoluzionari a Parigi nell'anno II.
L'autore studia 3900 atti di nascite soprawenute a Parigi nell'anno II, che sono stati ricostruiti dopo l'incendio del 1871. In 549 casi sono stati dati nomi rivoluzionari, ma sette volte su dieci si trattava di fanciulli abbandonati. Riguardava i ragazzi tre volte più délie ragazze. Nella maggior parte dei casi i nomi non furono partigiani ma si riferirono alla storia o alla natura. Furono spesso collegati ad un secondo nome cristiano. Quando il nome fu dato dai genitori, il fenomeno più o meno denso riflette la sociologia délie sezioni parigine : tassi alti nelle sezioni « sanculotte », tassi debolissimi nelle sezioni « borghesi ». Si nota tuttavia una propensione minore a dare un nome rivoluzionario al rampollo quando non si sa firmare il proprio nome : i ceti medi, e particolarmente gli artigiani, parteciparono volentieri al movimento.
Les courtiers locaux du politique - 1789-1792.
Authors: Boutier Jean 
Published: May 2009

Jean Boutier, Les courtiers locaux du politique. 1789-1792.
Jean Boutier considère que l'implantation d'une société politique dans un village pendant les premières années de la Révolution peut être expliquée par le jeu des rivalités politiques locales antérieures. Les initiateurs de ces sociétés auraient traduit le discours politique national dans l'idiome local et vice- ver sa.
Les débats sur le droit d'association et de réunion sous le Directoire
Authors: Peyrard Christine 
Published: May 2009

Christine Peyrard, Dibattito sul diritto d'associazone e di riunione sotto il Direttorio.
Nel Messidoro dell'anno V, poi nel Pratile e nel Termidoro dell'anno VII, le assemblée del Direttorio dibatterono di tre questioni in rapporto con il diritto di asso- ciazione e di riunione : la rivendicazione della libertà d'associazione e di riunione è fondata in diritto ? Si puô assomigliare questa libertà a quella della stampa ? E compa- tibile con il regime rappresentativo ?
La Sinistra è tentata di rispondere con un si aile tre questioni ma il proprio ideale d' indivisibilità le fa temere che la libertà d'associazione conduca alia formazione di partiti. La Destra è tentata di rispondere con un no ma ammette che le riunioni politiche contribuiscano a formare l'opinione.
Un bicentenaire en cache un autre. Repenser la Terreur ?
Authors: Martin Jean-Clément 
Published: May 2009

Jean-Clément Martin, Un bicentenaire en cache un autre : repenser la Terreur.
J.-C. M. propose d'analyser au sens propre du mot la Terreur : quand commence- t-elle ? Comment fut-elle appliquée, au-delà du discours, par les pouvoirs locaux ? Ne faut-il pas distinguer une Terreur parisienne et des Terreurs provinciales ?
J.-C. M. invite à réfléchir sur la complexité de la Contre-Révolution, justification de la Terreur ; sur les conséquences du vide constitutionnel après le 10 août, sur la force de l'imaginaire dans les mentalités révolutionnaires.
La mission Maignet
Authors: Guilhaumou Jacques , Lapied Martine 
Published: May 2009

Jacques Guilhaumou, Martine Lapied, La missione Maignet.
Maignet fu rappresentante in missione nelle Bouches-du-Rhône e nella Valchiusa durante l'inverno dell'anno II.
Ci manifestò un vero interesse per l'osservazione delle realtà locali e per la communicazione, al servizio di una politica d'epurazione dei vecchi quadri amministrativi e militanti, e di una politica repressiva. Istitui cosi ad Orange una commissione popolare che passò per un tribunale rivoluzionario. Poi Bédoin nella Valchiusa, esercitò un terrore locale molto pesante.
Maignet gettò le fondamenta di una politica culturale ambiziosa. Per lui, l'arte, dalla rappresentazione del « Sublime » davanti allo sguardo entusiastica del cittadino, deve trascinare quello verso la communità politica.