bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current role of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in clinical toxicology screening methods
Authors: Viette Véronique , Fathi Marc , Rudaz Serge , Hochstrasser Denis , Veuthey Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Toxicological screening is the analysis of a biological specimen to detect and identify compounds in patients admitted to the hospital with acute intoxication of unknown origin. The screening of a wide range of toxicologically relevant compounds in biological samples is a serious challenge for clinical laboratories. The high selectivity and sensitivity of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry technology provides an attractive alternative to the current methods. For these reasons, an increasing number of applications for multi-target screening or general screening of unknown compounds in biological matrices are being published. This paper is an overview of sample clean-up, chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection procedures which can be combined to obtain screening methods adapted to the constraints and needs of various laboratories, and none specifically in clinical toxicology. Currently the techniques are in the hands of specialists, principally in academic institutes. However, the evolution in technology should allow application of the techniques as a tool in toxicology laboratories and thus more widespread exploitation of their potential.
Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Einführung vernetzter Point-of-Care Glukosemessgeräte: Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen aus der GLUMO-Studie/Factors affecting success and constrains of introducing interconnected Point-of-Care glucose meters: findings and recommendations from the GLUMO-Study
Authors: von Eiff Wilfried , Henke Viola 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Innovative Technologien spielen im Gesundheitssektor eine wichtige Rolle. Sie führen zu Verbesserungen in der Behandlungsqualität und ermöglichen lebensverlängernde bzw. lebenserhaltende Maßnahmen. Im zunehmenden Effizienz- und Qualitätswettbewerb unterstützen medizintechnologische Innovationen die Erstellung von Dienstleistungen, mit denen sich medizinische Leistungserbringer, zum Beispiel Krankenhäuser, am Markt positionieren und ihre Wettbewerbsstellung sichern können. Neben der grundsätzlichen Finanzierbarkeit, ist für einen erfolgreichen Einsatz einer Innovation im Krankenhaus die tatsächliche Adaption durch das Behandlungsteam auf den jeweiligen Stationen entscheidend. So gehen von Innovationen oft auch prozessverändernde Impulse aus, die eine Überarbeitung und Reorganisation der bisherigen Prozesse notwendig machen. Die Neugestaltung von Prozessabläufen ist in der Regel nur durch aktives Einbeziehen aller Beteiligten realisierbar. Change Management ist als zwingende Voraussetzung anzusehen, um Innovationseinführungen und mögliche Prozessänderungen auf den Stationen zu klinischen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolgen zu führen sowie die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Fehlern während der Einführungsphase zu verringern.
Im Rahmen eines Studienprojektes des Centrums für Krankenhausmanagement wurde die Einführung und Anwendung von vernetzten Glukose-Monitoring-Geräten in deutschen, österreichischen und schweizerischen Krankenhäusern begleitet und analysiert. Neben Hindernissen, die bei der Einführung und Adaption der Innovation identifiziert wurden, zeigten sich auch Erfolgsfaktoren, die eine schnelle Einführung und Adaption vernetzter Point-of-Care Geräte gefördert haben.
Monographs on drugs which are frequently analyzed in therapeutic drug monitoring/Arzneimittel-Monographien für Medikamente, die regelmäßig im Rahmen des Therapeutic Drug Monitorings analysiert werden
Authors: Rentsch Katharina , Buhl Daniela , Eap Chin Bin , Fathi Marc , Thormann Wolfgang , Werner Dominique 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In addition to the monographs which have been published in the last 6 years by the working group “Drug Monitoring” of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry (SSCC) [Rentsch, Fathi, Grignaschi, Magnin, Printzen, Thormann, J Lab Med 29: 287–97, 2005 – Rentsch, Buhl, Eap, Fathi, Jöchle, Magnin, J Lab Med 34: 129–39, 2010], new monographs have been written. The data presented in these monographs provide an overview of the information which is important for the request and interpretation of the results. Therefore, laboratory health professionals and the receivers of the reports are the targeted readers. With the exception of digoxin, the drugs presented in this series are not administered frequently and are only analyzed in special situations.
First, information about pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these drugs (protein binding, metabolic pathways and enzymes involved, elimination half-life time and elimination route(s) of the parent drug and therapeutic as well as toxic concentrations) is given. Secondly, the indications for therapeutic drug monitoring are listed. Last but not least, important preanalytical information is provided, including time points of blood sampling and time interval after which steady-state concentrations are reached after changing the dose. Furthermore, the stability of the drug and its metabolite(s) after blood sampling are described.
For readers with a specific interest, references to important publications are given.
The number of the monographs will be further enlarged. The updated files are presented on the homepage of the SSCC (www.sscc.ch). We hope that these monographs are helpful for the better handling of therapeutic drug monitoring and we are looking forward to receiving comments from the readers.
Synthesis and solution behaviors of star hydrophobically modified acrylamide copolymers
Authors: Zhang Liehui , Duan Ming , Fang Shenwen , Zhang Peng , Zhang Jian , Wang Fuxiao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStar copolymers of acrylamide andN,N-dimethyl-N-vinyl­nonadecan-1-aminium chloride (C18DMAAC) were synthesized by photopolymerization in water. Solution behaviors of these star hydrophobically modified acrylamide copolymers (SHMPAMs) with different C18DMAAC contents and the linear hydrophobically modified acrylamide copolymers (LHMPAMs) were characterized. The increase in C18DMAAC content resulted in decreased intrinsic viscosity and increased the Huggins constant for SHMPAMs. Similar results were observed for LHMPAMs. With similar intrinsic viscosity and C18DMAAC content, the Huggins constant of SHMPAMs was much higher than that of LHMPAMs, which could be due to the fact that SHMPAMs had much stronger intramolecular interaction in dilute polymer solutions. In semi-dilute solutions, the apparent viscosity of SHMPAMs was increased with increasing C18DMAAC content, which was similar to that of LHMPAMs. However, SHMPAMs exhibited higher apparent viscosity than LHMPAMs because it had more arms and thus had more chances to form three-dimensional networks in semi-dilute solutions. In the flow-induced scission experiment, SHMPAMs exhibited superior shear stability in comparison with LHMPAMs. When the strain rate was ≈40,000 s-1, the reduction ratios of the apparent viscosities of the four SHMPAMs after the scission were approximately 80%. By contrast, when the strain rate was ≈20,000 s-1, the reduction ratio of the apparent viscosity of LHMPAM-0.40 had already reached around 80%.
Explaining Online Recommendations Using Personalized Tag Clouds
Authors: Gedikli Fatih , Ge Mouzhi , Jannach Dietmar 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Recommender systems are sales-supporting applications that are usually integrated into online shops and are designed to point the visitor to products or services she or he might be interested in but has not bought yet. In the last decade, many techniques have been developed to improve the predictive accuracy of such systems. However, there are also factors other than accuracy that infl uence the user-perceived quality of such a system. In particular, system-generated explanations as to why a certain item has been recommended have shown to be a valuable tool to improve both the user's satisfaction and the system's effi ciency. This paper reports the results of a fi rst user study which was conducted to evaluate whether personalized tag clouds are an appropriate means to visually explain recommendations. The evaluation reveals that using tag clouds as explanation mechanism leads to higher user satisfaction and recommendation effi ciency than previous keyword-style explanations.
Context Adaptive Systems
Authors: Oppermann Reinhard , Zimmermann Andreas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An analysis of approaches to adaptive and context-aware systems will be given. Adaptation between the user needs and the system performance will be discussed reflecting the context of use. Context-awareness will be discussed affecting the adaptation in a long-term perspective; situation-awareness will be discussed affecting the adaptation in a specific point in time and space. Three functions are presented that determine the adaptation process: the sensory function collecting the internal and external stimuli for the adaptation; the inference function identifying the adaption mechanisms based on adaptation models; and the effector function performing the identifi ed mechanisms. Finally the actors in the process of adaptation will be discussed like the user (adaptable version of adaptations), the system (adaptive version of adaptations) and a combination of both eventually together with an end-user expert.
Video-Annotationen in der universitären Lehre. Anwendungsszenarien und koaktive Software
Authors: Reinhardt Wolfgang , Engbring Dieter , Magenheim Johannes 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir didaktische Szenarien, in denen Video-Annotationen zur Unterstützung der universitären Lehre eingesetzt werden können und wie damit individuelle Lernprozesse von Studenten unterstützt werden. Wir beschreiben ViLM – eine Plattform-unabhängige Software – mit der allein oder kooperativ Videos annotiert werden können. Weiterhin stellen wir die Integration von ViLM in das universitätsweit eingesetzte koaktive Lernmanagementsystem (koaLA) vor und besprechen weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten und Lernszenarien, die vom Einsatz von ViLM möglicherweise profitieren.
Usable Business-App: Mobile Services im Vertrieb für KMUs
Authors: Daus Markus , Viola Jörg 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Apps sind in aller Munde. In den meisten Fällen handelt es sich um Apps zur privaten Nutzung die Aufgaben des täglichen Lebens unterstützen wie beispielsweise das Finden der nächstgelegenen Bushaltestelle oder das Ordnen von Notizen. Im Gegensatz hierzu beschäftigt sich der vorliegenden Beitrag mit der Entwicklung einer gewinnbringenden Business-App, welche den Vertrieb eines Unternehmens aus der metallverarbeitenden Industrie nachhaltig verbessert hat. Im Vordergrund stand hierbei der übersichtliche und zügige Zugriff auf relevante Kundendaten.
Effektive und effiziente Fahrzeuginteraktion durch die Verwendung des digitalen Stifts
Authors: Holl Konstantin , Hambsch Dominik , Bröckl Ulrich 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt zwei Entwicklungen zur effektiven und effizienten Fahrzeuginteraktion unter Verwendung des digitalen Stifts dar. Eine der beiden Entwicklungen ermöglicht die Verknüpfung des digitalen Stifts mit der Bedienungsanleitung, die andere Entwicklung die Kopplung von papierbasiertem Kartenmaterial und dem Navigationssystem des Fahrzeugs. Eine erste Nutzerstudie (N=13) lieferte vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Die zweite, hier näher beschriebene Studie zeigt, dass insbesondere ältere Teilnehmer den Prototyp positiv bewerteten. Alle Teilnehmer erfüllten die ihnen gestellten Aufgaben (Änderung diverser Fahrzeugeinstellungen, Routenplanung) erfolgreich mittels der neuen Interaktionsform. Neben einer Steigerung der Effektivität und der Effizienz ist bei beiden Entwicklungen eine erweiterte Barrierefreiheit anzunehmen, da auch Menschen die nicht mit klassischen Bedienelementen von Rechnersystemen wie zum Beispiel Tastaturen vertraut sind, wieder eine effektive Teilhabe an der Interaktion mit dem Datenerfassungssystemen erlangen können.
Single port transumbilicalis cholecystectomia (SILS) – Nem szelektált 30 eset összehasonlító elemzése
Authors: Kupcsulik Péter , Szlávik Rezső , Nehéz László , Lukovich Péter 
Published: April 2011

Absztrakt
A SE I. sz. Sebészeti Klinikáján 2008–2010 között egy sebész által végzett 30 hagyományos (3 port) laparoscopos cholecystectomiát (LC), 30 transumbilicalis laparoscopos cholecystectomiával (SILS) hasonlítottunk össze. A SILS-esetek válogatás nélküli sorozatban történtek. A SILS műtéteknél transabdominalis tartóöltéseket nem alkalmaztunk, 3 esetben volt szükség egy kiegészítő port bevezetésére. 2 eset kivételével egyenes eszközzel történt a műtét. A SILS-csoport életkora (43,2 év) alacsonyabb volt, mint az LC-csoporté (53,5 év), a férfi/nő arány, és a BMI azonos volt. A SILS-eseteknél konverzió nem volt, az LC-csoportban egy. Reoperációra a SILS-csoportban került sor egy esetben nem sebészi eredetű haemascos miatt: transumbilicalis laparoscopos lavage történt. A SILS-csoportban az átlagos műtéti idő 75,9 ± 25 perc, a posztoperatív ápolási idő 2,0 nap. Az LC-csoportban ugyanez: 55,7 ± 17 perc, 2,8 nap. A transumbilicalis cholecystectomia biztonsággal végezhető hagyományos eszközökkel. Az angol nyelvű irodalomban nem találtunk válogatás nélküli SILS cholecystectomia-esetekről közlést.
„Jótékony” iatrogén duodenalis diverticulum perforatio esete
Authors: El-Meouch Hicham , Nagy Imre , Simsay Laura , Váradi Gábor , Lőrincz Magdolna , Hajszán Nikoletta , Demján György , Szentléleki Károly 
Published: April 2011

Absztrakt
A szerzők egy 78 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetik, aki kórházuk kardiológiai osztályára került felvételre pacemaker-beültetés elbírálásának céljából. Kivizsgálása során észlelt anaemia, illetve melena miatt végzett gastrocopos vizsgálat (felső panendoscopia) nagy duodenalis diverticulumot igazolt. A vizsgálat után acut has képe alakult ki, az elvégzett vizsgálatok a diverticulum perforatióját mutatták. Sürgős műtétet végeztek, a diverticulumot resecálták, ezt követően a beteg gyógyultan távozott. A szerzők tárgyalják a diverticulum ritka lokalizációját, a preoperatív diagnózis nehézségeit, a sikeres felismerést és kezelést, valamint az irodalmi adatokat.
Primer suppurativ costochondritisről – egy sikeresen kezelt esetünk kapcsán
Authors: Agócs László , Lévay Bernadett , Fehér Csaba , Vadász Pál 
Published: April 2011

AbsztraktA sebészeti beavatkozást követő másodlagos mellkasfali fertőzések előfordulása jól ismert az orvosi szakirodalomból. A primer suppurativ costochondritis (PSC) azonban nagyon ritka megbetegedés. Egy 34 éves PSC miatt operált betegünk kapcsán ismertetjük a kórképet. A fiatal férfi beteg a mellkasfal bal oldalán levő perzisztáló draináló sinus miatt került felvételre. Mellkasi CT és UH costochondritist igazolt. A beteg műtétre került, amely során széles necrectomia és izomlebennyel történő rekonstrukció történt egy ülésben.
The Interaction of Annual Ryegrass and Nitrogen on Arrowleaf Clover in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Evers Gerald 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNitrogen enhances annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) growth on the infertile Coastal Plain soils in the southeastern United States but N can be antagonistic to clovers. Nitrogen rate and time of application were evaluated on an arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.)–annual ryegrass mixture growing on a Coastal Plain soil for 3 yr in northeast Texas. Fertilizer treatments were 0, 34, 67, or 101 kg N ha−1 at planting or first true clover leaf (FCL) stage followed by 0 or 67 kg N ha−1 in December and March. Planting, FCL, and December N applications enhanced ryegrass production but had little effect on arrowleaf clover production by mid March. The general trend was for clover percentage and yield to decrease and ryegrass yield to increase as the total amount of N fertilizer applied increased. The no‐N treatment always had the greatest percentage clover usually followed by single N application treatments with clover percentages greater than 50%. Average annual yield of ryegrass alone without N was 1139 kg ha−1 compared to 4038 kg ha−1 with 201 kg N ha−1 Applying 67 kg N ha−1 at FCL and in December and March was always one of the most productive N treatments. Applying 67 kg N ha−1 only twice at FCL and in December was the best compromise for maintaining a high clover percentage and clover–ryegrass yield and was always equal to ryegrass alone with three applications of 67 kg N ha−1
Drought Tolerance Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes Using Water Use Efficiency, Evapotranspiration Efficiency, and Drought Susceptibility Index
Authors: Siahpoosh Mohammad Reza , Dehghanian Ebrahim , Kamgar Akbar 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTEvaluating physiological traits involved in the response of plants to drought stress could lead us to improve drought tolerance in crops. In this regard, the current project was conducted under a line‐source sprinkler irrigation system. Eight commercial bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated at four water levels (WL) based on evapotraspiration (ET; WL1, supplying 100% of ET water to WL4, supplying 25% of ET water). Among the cultivars Chamran and Kavir had the highest grain yield at WL4 (4450.7 and 4317.3 kg ha−1, respectively) and noticeable grain yield stability in different water levels. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged between 5.092 and 7.296 kg ha−1 mm−1and significantly varied among cultivars in different WLs. Under WL4, Niknejad and Kavir had the highest and Shiraz had the lowest value for WUE. Regression analysis confirmed that the relationship between dry matter and ET follows a linear function. Furthermore, evapotranspiration efficiency (ETE) as calculated by dividing the total biomass by ET was a reliable physiological indicator for cultivar evaluation with regard to water deficit tolerance in different growing stages. Based on this indicator, it was discovered that Mahdavie has the highest ETE from planting to stem elongation, Niknejad from planting to flowering, Pishtaz from planting to dough development and ripening, and Kavir has tolerance against water deficit throughout the growing season.
Yield Response of Winter Wheat to Agro‐Ecological Conditions Using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Paderewski Jakub , Gauch Hugh G. , Mądry Wiesław , Drzazga Tadeusz , Rodrigues Paulo C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTGenetic improvement of crop performance is essential to increase yield. The aims of this paper are to present combined additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and cluster analysis to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain‐yield data collected in preregistration trials performed over many years in an incomplete three‐way genotype × location × year (GLY) classification and to demonstrate the usefulness of this procedure for studying the patterns of cultivar adaptation. The 21 genotypes were divided into three groups that were homogeneous in their pattern of genotype × location (GL) interactions. These groups of genotypes were further divided into subgroups with homogeneous genotype means. In this study 11 genotypes that were grouped in three subgroups had wide adaptability. Among them the cultivar TONACJA was identified as a good check cultivar for preregistration trials. One cultivar had narrow adaptation and nine were relatively poorly adapted. The combined AMMI and cluster analysis method proved effective for describing diverse patterns of yield response to agro‐ecological conditions in locations spread across most of the Polish winter wheat growing areas.
Another Look at Interpreting Research to Manage the Effects of Ethylene in Ambient Air
Authors: Morgan Page W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTEthylene is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. The gas also occurs in the atmosphere from both natural and artificial sources. Sufficient concentrations of ethylene in air can cause damage by adverse effects on flower senescence, abscission, fruit ripening, and other processes. Recent discoveries regarding ethylene receptors and signal transduction now provide a firm basis to understand the dynamics of ethylene effects. Receptor proteins act as negative regulators of ethylene signaling so that the concentration of both ethylene and receptor proteins influence the plant response. Studies with carefully controlled levels of ethylene and environmental conditions have shown that plants grown outdoors are less sensitive to ethylene than those grown and exposed under artificial conditions. Additionally, intermittent exposures, common in many circumstances, allow time for ethylene to diffuse away from receptors. During flower senescence and fruit ripening, synthesis of ethylene often accelerates, reducing the effectiveness of environmental ethylene on plant behavior. Workers interested in promoting crop yields and extending the life of flowers, plants, and vegetative produce can be most effective if they evaluate species characteristics, the nature of the environment, and the sources of ethylene for their location. A universal air quality standard for ethylene is not advisable.
Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Dark Discoloration of Durum Wheat Kernels
Authors: Fernandez M. R. , Sissons M. , Conner R. L. , Wang H. , Clarke J. M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBlack point (BP, discoloration restricted to the germ end of cereal seed) and dark smudge (DS, discoloration mostly along the crease) are believed to be caused by fungal infection in grain exposed to high humidity, although it has also been reported that BP might result from abiotic stresses causing physiological changes in grain. The objective of this growth‐chamber study was to determine the effects of abiotic (temperature and high humidity) and biotic (infection by Cochliobolus sativus [Ito and Kurib.] Drechs. ex Dast. (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc.] Shoemaker); or Alternaria alternata [Fr.] Keissl.) factors on the development of BP and DS in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Five treatments under two temperature regimes (Low T, 17°C day and 12°C night; or High T, 26°C day and 18°C night) were conducted: inoculation with A. alternata or C. sativus at mid‐milk with 30‐h incubation at 100% humidity; one exposure to 100% humidity at mid‐milk (HUMo); multiple exposures to 100% humidity from heading to maturity (HUMm); and no exposure to 100% humidity or fungal inoculum (DRY). Kernels were evaluated for incidence and extent of discoloration. The highest incidences of discoloration occurred in the C. sativus treatment, followed by the A. alternata treatment, with HUMm producing low incidences, and HUMo and DRY only occasional discoloration. In general, High T favored BP and Low T favored DS. In the C. sativus treatment, Low T also favored extent of discoloration. Whether fungal infection was promoted or unhindered by a primary effect of high humidity on the physiology of the kernel and its defenses could not be determined given that exposure to high humidity is a requirement for fungal infection.