bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Reactive Sensor Arrays for the Detection of Peptides in Aqueous Solution by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Rochat Sébastien , Gao Jie , Qian Xuhong , Zaubitzer Friederike , Severin Kay 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple but powerful method for the sensing of peptides in aqueous solution has been developed. The transition‐metal complexes [PdCl2(en)], [{RhCl2Cp*}2], and [{RuCl2(p‐cymene)}2] were combined with six different fluorescent dyes to build a cross‐reactive sensor array. The fluorescence response of the individual sensor units was based on competitive complexation reactions between the peptide analytes and the fluorescent dyes. The collective response of the sensor array in a time‐resolved fashion was used as an input for multivariate analyses. A sensor array comprised of only six metal–dye combinations was able to differentiate ten different dipeptides in buffered aqueous solution at a concentration of 50 μM. Furthermore, the cross‐reactive sensor could be used to obtain information about the identity and the quantity of the pharmacologically interesting dipeptides carnosine and homocarnosine in a complex biological matrix, such as deproteinized human blood serum. The sensor array was also able to sense longer peptides, which was demonstrated by differentiating mixtures of the nonapeptide bradykinin and the decapeptide kallidin.
Shifting Paradigms: Electrostatic Interactions and Covalent Bonding
Authors: Jacobsen Heiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe role of electrostatic interactions in covalent bonding of heavier main group elements has been evaluated for the exemplary set of molecules X2H2(X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Density functional calculations at PBE/QZ4P combined with energy decomposition procedures and kinetic energy density analyses have been carried out for a variety of different structures, and two factors are responsible for the fact that the heavier homologues of acetylene exhibit doubly hydrogen‐bridged local minimum geometries. For one, the extended electronic core with at least one set of p orbitals of the Group 14 elements beyond the first long period is responsible for favorable electrostatic E–H interactions. This electrostatic interaction is the strongest for the isomer with two bridging hydrogen atoms. Secondly, the H substituent does not posses an electronic core or any bonding‐inactive electrons, which would give rise to a significant amount of Pauli repulsion, disfavoring the doubly bridged isomer. When one of two criteria is not met the unusual doubly bridged structure no longer constitutes the energetically preferred geometry. The bonding model is validated in calculations of different structures of Si2(CH3)2.
Dynamic capabilities and e‐service
Authors: Rolland Erik , Patterson Raymond A. , Ward Keith F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe rapid, pervasive growth of Internet use for business purposes has had a noticeable effect on numerous firms' business strategies. This type of perturbation among competitors results in a more dynamic market. To be successful in such a market often requires a firm to reexamine how it competes. In recent years, two strategic management theories—the resource‐based view (RBV) and the dynamic capabilities theory (DCT)—have been advanced by proponents as being the key to developing successful competitive advantage. We argue that the DCT is a logical extension of the RBV. Operationalization has been a critical issue for both theories, and this paper fills a gap in the literature by offering a method of operationalizing dynamic capabilities. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Droplet size and viscosity of tackifier emulsions formed via phase inversion
Authors: Song Daoyun , Zhang Wu , Gupta Rakesh K. , Melby Earl G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTackifier dispersions used in pressure‐sensitive adhesives are made by phase inverting an aqueous rosin ester emulsion. The recipe also includes rosin acid and potassium hydroxide which react to form a surfactant. The amount of surfactant available plays a key role in determining dispersion properties. As the surfactant concentration increases, the point of phase inversion is delayed to larger dispersed phase concentrations. This also results in excess dispersant in the liquid phase and a narrower particle size distribution, even though the droplet size remains relatively unchanged.
Stability of hydrolase enzymes in ionic liquids
Authors: Hernández‐Fernández F. J. , Ríos A. P. de los , Tomás‐Alonso F. , Gómez D. , Víllora G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work we attempted to evaluate the stability of penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli in their native form and free Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) in ionic liquids (ILs) at low water content. The hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6‐aminopenicillanic acid (6‐APA), and phenyl acetic acid (PAA) catalysed by PGA and the synthesis of butyl butyrate from vinyl butyrate and 1‐butanol catalysed by CaLB were chosen as activity tests. The influence of these new solvents on enzyme stability was studied by incubating the enzyme (PGA or CaLB) in ILs based on dialkylimidazolium cations associated with perfluorinated and dicyanamide anions at a given temperature. Stability studies indicate that CaLB and PGA exhibited greater stability in water‐immiscible ILs than in water‐miscible ILs. Specifically, native PGA shows greater stability in IL media than in organic solvents. For example, a half‐life time of 23 h was obtained in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide, $[{\rm emim}^ + ][{\rm NTf}_2^ - ]$, which was about 2000‐fold higher than that in 2‐propanol. The higher half‐life time of CaLB was observed in $[{\rm omim}^ + ][{\rm PF}_6^ - ]$ (t1/2 = 84 h).
Effect of weathering on oil sands processability
Authors: Ren Sili , Zhao Hongying , Dang‐Vu Trong , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEffect of weathering on oil sand processability was studied using a good processing ore, a laboratory weathered ore and a naturally weathered ore. The laboratory weathered ore was prepared by weathering the good processing ore in an oven under controlled conditions to study the nature of ore weathering. It was found that the bitumen recovery, bitumen flotation rate, and bitumen froth quality were greatly reduced due to ore weathering. It was also observed that the fresh bitumen coating on a silicon surface could recede and liberate from the silicon surface easily even in a warm water of 35°C. However, after weathering of the bitumen coating, its liberation became more difficult and effective liberation of bitumen from the silicon surface could only occur at higher temperature of 65°C. The current study further confirms that weathering enhanced adhesion of bitumen with solids, causing difficulties for bitumen liberation from sand grains and hence poor processability of weathered ores.
Adsorption kinetics of cadmium ions onto powdered corn cobs
Authors: Ismail A. , Adie D. B. , Oke I. A. , Otun J. A. , Olarinoye N. O. , Lukman S. , Okuofu C. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEnvironmental pollution caused by the presence of toxic materials such as cadmium is becoming global problem and concern. This paper presents a report on kinetics of Cd2+ removal from aqueous solutions through adsorption using powdered corn cobs (PCC). Corn cobs were collected from a selected location, washed to remove sand, air dried, ground and sieved into different particle sizes. The selected properties of PCC were determined using acid digestion method. Adsorption capacities through kinetics of Cd2+ removal from synthetic solutions, typical raw water and domestic‐institutional wastewater were studied. Effects of pH, PCC particle size, initial concentration of Cd2+ and temperature on adsorption capacities were monitored through pseudo first‐ and second‐order models, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models to present adsorption rate parameters.The study revealed that PCC contained 86.89% volatile solids, had 4.56% acid solubility, 0.52 water solubility and 2.33% ash content. PCC removed Cd2+ from aqueous solutions (synthetic, raw water, and wastewater). The relationship between time and concentration of Cd2+ remaining in the solution followed exponential functions with squared correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9928 to 0.9993, 0.8701 to 0.9284, and 0.8514 to 0.9290 for synthetic solution, raw water, and typical domestic‐institutional wastewater, respectively. Mechanism of cadmium adsorption onto PCC was in two separate stages linear portions in the first parts, while the final parts are curves indicating intraparticle diffusion. It was concluded that PCC is an effective adsorbent for Cd2+ removal. The estimated production cost was 0.068 USD as against 0.50, 2.12, and 3.12 USD for producing adsorbents from empty fruit bunches; pencom shell and sugar cane based activated carbons, respectively.
Transient Cardiac Ballooning—The Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Raghav , Sech Candice , Lazzara Ralph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTransient cardiac ballooning is usually a reversible clinical entity. A patient typically presents with chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities like ST‐segment elevation (most commonly reported) or depression, and elevated cardiac enzymes, but has no or nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Left ventriculography reveals transient akinesis of the involved portion of the myocardial wall with compensatory hyperkinesis of the remaining myocardium, leading to ballooning of the noncontracting myocardial wall during systole. Acute regional myocardial dysfunction ensues, which normalizes on average within 1 to 6 weeks. The hypotheses for these pathophysiologic changes range from direct cardiac myocyte injury to postischemic myocardial stunning to neurotransmitter actions. The objective of this article is to present a succinct description of a small case series accompanied with various recently reported presentations and morphology by left ventriculogram and a detailed review of available data on underlying pathophysiology. In addition, a discussion on current diagnostic guidelines, treatment, prognosis, and potential future investigations is included. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stenting for Pulmonary Stenosis Due to Takayasu's Arteritis: Clinical Outcome and Four‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Qin Luo , Hong‐Liang Zhang , Zhi‐Hong Liu , Chang‐Ming Xiong , Xin‐Hai Ni 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation for stenotic lesions of renal arteries and other branches of the aorta in Takayasu's arteritis have been reported to show good outcomes. However, this form of therapy has been reported in few cases with pulmonary artery involvement.HypothesisThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of this interventional treatment for pulmonary stenosis due to Takayasu's arteritis.MethodsA total of 4 patients (3 female and 1 male, ages 30–40 yrs) with Takayasu's pulmonary arteritis underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and stent implantation and were followed up for 1 to 4 years.ResultsOne patient underwent balloon angioplasty alone, 3 patients underwent balloon angioplasty and stent implantation. The stenoses were relieved acutely, oxygen saturation improved immediately due to improvement in lung perfusion and relief of dyspnea. The pressure gradient fell from 58.3 ± 8.7 mm Hg to 14 ± 3.2 mm Hg and mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 48.5 ± 12.0 mm Hg to 37.3 ± 6.0 mm Hg. At a follow‐up period of 34.5 ± 15.8 months, the patient with balloon angioplasty alone developed a recurrence of symptoms 18 months after the procedure. The other 3 patients continued to be asymptomatic and the stent remained patent without restenosis after the procedure.ConclusionPercutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation is a safe and effective treatment in patients with pulmonary stenosis caused by Takayasu's arteritis. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Selective vs Early Invasive Strategies
Authors: Boden William E. , Gupta Vipul 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecommendations in the 2007 update of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for patients with non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) provide considerable latitude regarding treatment choices and care pathways. Nevertheless, as accumulating evidence leads to increased recommendations for early invasive strategies, more patients are likely to receive care that falls short of recommendations. While tailoring pharmacotherapy to optimize the risk/benefit ratio for individual patients remains essential, it becomes increasingly important that care paradigms be prospectively defined. To facilitate this goal, we examined key differences between the 2002 and 2007 guidelines and explored data underlying changed recommendations for periprocedural pharmacotherapy. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Prognostic Significance of Plasma Cystatin C Levels among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ge Changjiang , Ren Fang , Lu Shuzheng , Ji Fengqing , Chen Xin , Wu Xiaofan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis article aims to investigate the changes of plasma cystatin C concentration (PcyC), and to evaluate the relationship between PcyC and acute coronary syndrome.MethodsA total of 126 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled in this study, consisting of 34 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 56 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 36 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 34 healthy subjects as controls. Plasma cystatin C, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), and uric acid (UA) in all subjects were determined. All patients were followed up for 6 months and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded.ResultsPlasma cystatin C was elevated in CAD. Cystatin C levels were significantly higher in UAP patients than those in SAP patients and controls (2013.83 ± 633.85 ng/mL vs 1348.41 ± 369.62 ng/mL and 1509.99 ± 408.65 ng/mL, P < 0.05), but were much lower than those in AMI patients (2013.83 ± 633.85 ng/mL vs 2873.55 ± 1149.48 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Patients with AMI also exhibited significantly higher cystatin C levels than SAP patients and the control group (2873.55 ± 1149.48 ng/mL vs 1348.41 ± 369.62 ng/mL and 1509.99 ± 408.65 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Much higher hs‐CRP concentrations were found in UAP patients (1.58 ± 2.81 mg/L, P < 0.05) and AMI patients (20.68 ± 18.98 mg/L, P < 0.01). Cystatin C was positively and significantly correlated with age, hs‐CRP, white blood cells (WBC), creatinine, and UA (r > 0, P < 0.05), whereas a significantly negative correlation was observed with HDL‐C (r = − 0.227, P < 0.05). These coefficients were clearly high for creatinine (r = + 0.612) and WBC (r = + 0.459). During the 6 month follow‐up, 26 patients were found with adverse cardiovascular events and had significantly higher cystatin C levels than the 22 control patients at admission (2356.73 ± 897.64 ng/mL vs 1469.51 ± 574.83 ng/mL, P < 0.01).ConclusionsCystatin C plays an important role in the development of CAD and PcyC is a strong predictor for risk of cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bandgap Modulation in Efficient n‐Thiophene Absorbers for Dye Solar Cell Sensitization
Authors: Barea Eva Mª , Caballero Rubén , Fabregat‐Santiago Francisco , De La Cruz Pilar , Langa Fernando , Bisquert Juan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFive new sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells have been designed consisting of conjugated thienylenevinylene units threaded with alkyl chains to improve solubility and cyanoacetic acid as anchoring group. The conjugation length was increased from 2 to 6 thienylenevinylene units, which resulted in a red‐shift of the optical absorption of the dyes from 550 to 750 nm, improving the spectral overlap with the solar spectrum. The photovoltaic performance of these dyes as sensitizers in mesoporous TiO2 solar cells shows a clear correlation of increasing photocurrent with the extension of the conjugation up to an optimal length. Further extension of the conjugation increases the absorption but additional effects like self‐quenching or recombination processes reduce the photocurrent and photovoltages and consequently the overall efficiency of the DSC.
Ortho‐Dichlorobenzene Doped with Terrylene—a Highly Photo‐Stable Single‐Molecule System Promising for Photonics Applications
Authors: Gorshelev Alexey A. , Naumov Andrei V. , Eremchev Ivan Yu. , Vainer Yury G. , Kador Lothar , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe study of a new dye‐matrix system—quickly frozen ortho‐dichlorobenzene weakly doped with terrylene—via single‐molecule (SM) spectroscopy is presented. The spectral and photo‐physical properties, dynamics, and temperature broadening of SM spectra at low temperatures are discussed. The data reveal a broad inhomogeneous distribution, which indicates a high degree of matrix inhomogeneities, but at the same time, huge fluorescence emission rates and extraordinary SM spectral and photochemical stability with almost complete absence of blinking and bleaching. These unusual properties render the new system a promising candidate for applications in photonics, for example, for delivering single photons on demand.
Initial cytoplasmic and phagosomal consequences of human neutrophil exposure to Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Bernardo John , Long Heidi J. , Simons Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicroorganisms are recognized by specific phagocyte surface receptors. Liganded receptors then signal a series of events leading to phagocytosis and destruction of the organism by oxidative, lytic, and associated processes. Some organisms, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Cryptococcus neoformans (Cf), and others, evade such destruction, surviving and sometimes multiplying within the phagosome to later cause disease. To study such evasion, we developed protocols which permit simultaneous kinetic measurement of early cytoplasmic signaling and of phagosomal pH (pHp) and oxidative burst, on a cell‐by‐cell basis, of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes exposed to fluorescently labeled, nonpathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis (Se). The availability of a new, highly sensitive pH probe, pHrodo™, permits observation of increasing pHp. Simultaneous labeling of the organism, applicable to any phagocyte target, with a probe insensitive to pH and oxidative species, such as AlexaFluor350™, permits distinction between binding and functional responses to it by ratioing fluorescences. Addition of an extracellular‐specific quencher (Trypan blue) permits distinction between bound and phagosome‐enclosed targets, so that conditions within the closed phagosome can be studied. We found that opsonization is required for functional activation of PMN by Se, that the organism causes early alkalinization of the phagosome (in contrast to Cf which hyperacidifies it), and that extracellular Ca2+ is not required for cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling but contributes markedly to binding of Se to PMN and to ensuant bactericidal functions. These findings lead to a new approach to the study of select organisms, like Cf and Mtb, which evade killing by manipulating the phagosomal environment. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Comparison of p16INK4a and ProEx™ C immunostaining on cervical ThinPrep® cytology and biopsy specimens
Authors: Oberg Trynda N. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Vrana Julie A. , Bartholet Mary K. , Fales Colleen J. , Garcia Rocio , McDonald Ashley N. , Rosas Brittany L. , Henry Michael R. , Clayton Amy C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProEx™ C and p16INK4a staining of cytology/histology specimens have recently been explored to help distinguish high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) from benign mimics. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of p16 and ProEx C in tissue and patient matched ThinPrep® liquid‐based cytology specimens. Residual cervical ThinPrep cytology specimens and tissue blocks (N = 64) from 63 patients were stained with p16 and ProEx C. Review of immunostained material, Papanicolaou and H&E stained slides was performed by two cytopathologists. The cytology slides were evaluated for the presence or absence of squamous atypia as well as immunoreactivity. Histologic specimens were interpreted as negative, indeterminate, or positive for each immunostain. There was 86% agreement (55/64) between the p16 and ProEx C stains on tissue specimens. Eleven specimens were interpreted as positive for both stains. All had a low‐ or high‐grade squamous lesion on the corresponding H&E section. ProEx C was able to identify four low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion specimens that were interpreted as negative by p16. All four HSIL specimens demonstrated p16 and ProEx C staining. However, 84% of cytology negative specimens demonstrated false‐positive staining. Clinical utilization of both stains, combined with morphologic features, may be beneficial for confirming HSIL on histologic specimens. ProEx C and/or p16 immunostains may lead to a false‐positive result in cytology specimens due to staining of normal appearing cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:564–572. 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rare case of pulmonary cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kushner Yael B. , Brimo Fadi , Schwartzman Kevin , Auger Manon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn a recent outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, Cryptococcus gattii, a rare species of Cryptococcus, was noted to affect primarily immunocompetent hosts and cause limited pulmonary or CNS disease. We herein report a rare case of a pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor caused by a Cryptococcus infection, presumed to be of the gattii species, in a 20‐year‐old immunocompetent college student from Vancouver, BC who presented with a large lung mass. The diagnosis was first made on the fine needle aspirate (FNA) material and was confirmed on the concurrent histologic core biopsy. Cryptococcal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors have been reported, but neither in the lung nor in the setting of an immunocompetent host. Pulmonary cryptococcosis should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of a lung mass, even in an immunocompetent host, especially if the clinical history reveals recent travel to British Columbia where Cryptococcus gattii is endemic. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inkjet Printing of Water “Soluble” Doped ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Small Aaron C. , Johnston James H. , Clark Noel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWater‐soluble‐doped ZnS quantum dots were synthesised and formulated for inkjet printing. The quantum dots were then inkjet‐printed onto a variety of substrates, including photo quality inkjet paper, cotton fabric, PET film, and glass. Of these substrates, only inkjet printing of doped ZnS quantum dots on photo‐quality inkjet paper and cotton fabric produced a photoluminescent print. The materials were characterised using a number of methods, including profilometer measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and viscosity measurements. On excitation with UV light, a photoluminescence emission of approximately 600 nm was observed.