bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jeunesses urbaines et défonces tranquilles
Authors: Moreau Christophe 
Published: June 2010

Résumé Cet article explore deux registres de causalité qui peuvent éclairer les conduites d’excès des jeunes générations : d’une part, il fait état de l’allongement de la jeunesse, des mutations identitaires et du déficit de ritualisation qui ne permet plus d’entendre les langages traditionnels du corps et d’agréger les jeunes générations au monde adulte. D’autre part, il s’intéresse aux mutations profondes qui affectent la fonction sociale de la fête : affaiblissement des pratiques cérémonielles, perte de sens des dynamiques émotionnelles, moindre vocation matrimoniale, marchandisation de l’urbain… Finalement, on pose que les facteurs identitaires, relationnels, et la capacité à réguler les émotions sont au cœur du mécanisme des « consommations festives », et une typologie est proposée pour dissocier les comportements des jeunes adultes à partir de ces deux axes d’analyse.
L'alcoolisation apparente : un critère d'exclusion pour l'admission en C.H.R.S. d'insertion ?
Authors: Michalot Thierry , Simeone Arnaud 
Published: June 2010

Résumé Face à un nombre important de demandes d’hébergement en C.H.R.S (Centre d’Hébergement et de Réinsertion Sociale), les travailleurs sociaux se voient dans l’obligation de sélectionner le public. Cette recherche se fonde sur la théorie fonctionnelle de la cognition initiée par Anderson (1981, 1996). Elle a été menée dans la région Rhône-Alpes auprès de quarante travailleurs sociaux qui réalisent des entretiens en vue d’une admission en C.H.R.S. Les résultats montrent qu’une alcoolisation apparente le jour de l’entretien réduit considérablement les chances d’être admis en C.H.R.S. d’insertion. De fait, ils suggèrent que, face à une mise en concurrence des demandeurs, les travailleurs sociaux tendent à réaliser leurs jugements sur la base des stéréotypes du « bon pauvre » et du « mauvais pauvre » comme l’avait mis en relief Geremek (1987).
Character Sums to Smooth Moduli are Small
Authors: Goldmakher Leo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecently, Granville and Soundararajan have made fundamental breakthroughs in the study of character sums. Building on their work and using estimates on short character sums developed by Graham–Ringrose and Iwaniec, we improve the Pólya–Vinogradov inequality for characters with smooth conductor.
Mortality of Patients With Sepsis Administered Piperacillin-Tazobactam vs Cefepime
Authors: Chanderraj Rishi , Admon Andrew J. , He Ying , Nuppnau Mark , Albin Owen R. , Prescott Hallie C. , Dickson Robert P. , Sjoding Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceExperimental and observational studies have suggested that empirical treatment for bacterial sepsis with antianaerobic antibiotics (eg, piperacillin-tazobactam) is associated with adverse outcomes compared with anaerobe-sparing antibiotics (eg, cefepime). However, a recent pragmatic clinical trial of piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime showed no difference in short-term outcomes at 14 days. Further studies are needed to help clarify the empirical use of these agents.ObjectiveTo examine the use of piperacillin-tazobactam compared with cefepime in 90-day mortality in patients treated empirically for sepsis, using instrumental variable analysis of a 15-month piperacillin-tazobactam shortage.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a retrospective cohort study, hospital admissions at the University of Michigan from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018, including a piperacillin-tazobactam shortage period from June 12, 2015, to September 18, 2016, were examined. Adult patients with suspected sepsis treated with vancomycin and either piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime for conditions with presumed equipoise between piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime were included in the study. Data analysis was conducted from December 17, 2022, to April 11, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included organ failure–free, ventilator-free, and vasopressor-free days. The 15-month piperacillin-tazobactam shortage period was used as an instrumental variable for unmeasured confounding in antibiotic selection.ResultsAmong 7569 patients (4174 men [55%]; median age, 63 [IQR 52-73] years) with sepsis meeting study eligibility, 4523 were treated with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam and 3046 were treated with vancomycin and cefepime. Of patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam, only 152 (3%) received it during the shortage. Treatment groups did not differ significantly in age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, or time to antibiotic administration. In an instrumental variable analysis, piperacillin-tazobactam was associated with an absolute mortality increase of 5.0% at 90 days (95% CI, 1.9%-8.1%) and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.4-2.7) fewer organ failure–free days, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.57-1.62) fewer ventilator-free days, and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.01-2.01) fewer vasopressor-free days.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients with suspected sepsis and no clear indication for antianaerobic coverage, administration of piperacillin-tazobactam was associated with higher mortality and increased duration of organ dysfunction compared with cefepime. These findings suggest that the widespread use of empirical antianaerobic antibiotics in sepsis may be harmful.
Blood Pressure, Readmission, and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Griffin Benjamin R. , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary , Shi Qianyi , Ten Eyck Patrick , Reisinger Heather S. , Kennelty Korey , Good Mary K. , Swee Melissa L. , Yamada Masaaki , Lund Brian C. , Jalal Diana I. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAcute kidney injury (AKI) complicates 20% to 25% of hospital admissions and is associated with long-term mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease. Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) following AKI may be associated with lower mortality, but potentially at the cost of higher short-term complications.ObjectiveTo determine associations of SBP with mortality and hospital readmissions following AKI, and to determine whether time from discharge affects these associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of adults with AKI during a hospitalization in Veteran Healthcare Association (VHA) hospitals was conducted between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients with 1 year or less of data within the VA system prior to admission, severe or end-stage liver disease, stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, metastatic cancer, and no blood pressure values within 30 days of discharge were excluded. Data analysis was conducted from May 2022 to February 2024.ExposureSBP was treated as time-dependent (categorized as &amp;lt;120 mm Hg, 120-129 mm Hg, 130-139 mm Hg, 140-149 mm Hg, 150-159 mm Hg, and ≥160 mm Hg [comparator]). Time spent in each SBP category was accumulated over time and represented in 30-day increments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were time to mortality and time to all-cause hospital readmission. Cox proportional hazards regression was adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory values. To evaluate associations over time, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated at 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 365 days from discharge.ResultsOf 237 409 admissions with AKI, 80 960 (57 242 aged 65 years or older [70.7%]; 77 965 male [96.3%] and 2995 female [3.7%]) were included. The cohort had high rates of diabetes (16 060 patients [20.0%]), congestive heart failure (22 516 patients [28.1%]), and chronic lung disease (27 682 patients [34.2%]), and 1-year mortality was 15.9% (12 876 patients). Overall, patients with SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg had the most favorable risk level for mortality and readmission. There were clear, time-dependent mediations on associations in all groups. Compared with patients with SBP of 160 mm Hg or greater, the risk of mortality for patients with SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg decreased between 60 days (adjusted HR, 1.20; 99% CI, 1.00-1.44) and 365 days (adjusted HR, 0.58; 99% CI, 0.45-0.76). SBP less than 120 mm Hg was associated with increased risk of mortality at all time points.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of post-AKI patients, there were important time-dependent mediations of the association of blood pressure with mortality and readmission. These findings may inform timing of post-AKI blood pressure treatment.
Effect of Low-Dose Iron Supplementation on Early Development in Breastfed Infants
Authors: Svensson Ludwig , Chmielewski Grzegorz , Czyżewska Emilia , Domellöf Magnus , Konarska Zofia , Pieścik-Lech Małgorzata , Späth Cornelia , Szajewska Hania , Chmielewska Anna 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceBreastfed infants are at risk of iron deficiency, which is associated with suboptimal development. There is a paucity of evidence on the effects of iron supplementation on child development, and current guidelines are divergent.ObjectiveTo assess whether daily iron supplementation, 1 mg/kg, between 4 and 9 months in exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants improves psychomotor development at 12 months.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between December 2015 and May 2020 with follow-up through May 2023 in an outpatient setting in Poland and Sweden. Participants were healthy singleton infants born at term with birth weight greater than 2500 g who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed (&amp;gt;50%) and did not have anemia (hemoglobin &amp;gt;10.5 g/dL) at age 4 months. Exclusion criteria included major illness, congenital anomaly, food allergy, and difficulty communicating with caregivers.InterventionsIron (micronized microencapsulated ferric pyrophosphate), 1 mg/kg, or placebo (maltodextrin) once daily from age 4 to 9 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was psychomotor development assessed by motor score of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III at 12 months, adjusted for gestational age, sex, and maternal education. Secondary outcomes included cognitive and language scores at 12 months; motor, cognitive, and language scores at 24 and 36 months; iron deficiency (serum ferritin &amp;lt;12 ng/mL), and iron deficiency anemia (iron deficiency and hemoglobin &amp;lt;10.5 g/dL) at 12 months.ResultsOf 221 randomized infants (111 female), 200 (90%) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (mean [SD] age, 12.4 [0.8] months). Iron supplementation (n = 104) compared to placebo (n = 96) had no effect on psychomotor development (mean difference [MD] for motor score, −1.07 points; 95% CI, −4.69 to 2.55), cognitive score (MD, −1.14; 95% CI, −4.26 to 1.99), or language score (MD, 0.75; 95% CI, −2.31 to 3.82) at 12 months. There were no significant differences at 24 and 36 months. The intervention did not reduce the risk for iron deficiency (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.30) or iron deficiency anemia (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.05 to 12.46) at 12 months.Conclusion and RelevanceNo benefit was found with daily low-dose iron supplementation between 4 and 9 months with respect to psychomotor development, risk of iron deficiency, or iron deficiency anemia among breastfed infants in a setting of low risk of anemia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02242188
Optimization of photon counting CT for cardiac imaging in patients with left ventricular assist devices: An in‐depth assessment of metal artifacts
Authors: Konst Bente , Ohlsson Linus , Henriksson Lilian , Sandstedt Mårten , Persson Anders , Ebbers Tino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposePhoton counting CT (PCCT) holds promise for mitigating metal artifacts and can produce virtual mono‐energetic images (VMI), while maintaining temporal resolution, making it a valuable tool for characterizing the heart. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize PCCT for cardiac imaging in patients during left ventricular assistance device (LVAD) therapy by conducting an in‐depth objective assessment of metal artifacts and visual grading.MethodsVarious scan and reconstruction settings were tested on a phantom and further evaluated on a patient acquisition to identify the optimal protocol settings. The phantom comprised an empty thoracic cavity, supplemented with heart and lungs from a cadaveric lamb. The heart was implanted with an LVAD (HeartMate 3) and iodine contrast. Scans were performed on a PCCT (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthcare). Metal artifacts were assessed by three objective methods: Hounsfield units (HU)/SD measurements (DiffHU and SDARTIFACT), Fourier analysis (AmplitudeLowFreq), and depicted LVAD volume in the images (BloomVol). Radiologists graded metal artifacts and the diagnostic interpretability in the LVAD lumen, cardiac tissue, lung tissue, and spinal cord using a 5‐point rating scale. Regression and correlation analysis were conducted to determine the assessment method most closely associated with acquisition and reconstruction parameters, as well as the objective method demonstrating the highest correlation with visual grading.ResultsDue to blooming artifacts, the LVAD volume fluctuated between 27.0 and 92.7 cm3. This variance was primarily influenced by kVp, kernel, keV, and iMAR (R2 = 0.989). Radiologists favored pacemaker iMAR, 3 mm slice thickness, and T3D keV and kernel Bv56f for minimal metal artifacts in cardiac tissue assessment, and 110 keV and Qr40f for lung tissue interpretation. The model adequacy for DiffHU SDARTIFACT, AmplitueLowFreq, and BloomVol was 0.28, 0.76, 0.29, and 0.99 respectively for phantom data, and 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, and 0.99 for in‐vivo data. For in‐vivo data, the correlation between visual grading (VGSUM) and DiffHU SDARTIFACT, AmplitueLowFreq, and BloomVol was −0.16, −0.01, −0.48, and −0.40 respectively.ConclusionWe found that optimal scan settings for LVAD imaging involved using 120 kVp and IQ level 80. Employing T3D with pacemaker iMAR, the sharpest allowed vascular kernel (Bv56f), and VMI at 110 keV with kernel Qr40 yields images suitable for cardiac imaging during LVAD‐therapy. Volumetric measurements of the LVAD for determination of the extent of blooming artifacts was shown to be the best objective method to assess metal artifacts.
4‐Octyl itaconate inhibits inflammation via the NLRP3 pathway in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Ting , Li Jia‐Wen , Qin Ying‐Hui , Liu Riu , Xu Xiao‐Na , Li Xiao , Li Li‐Min , Feng Bin , Yang Li , Yang Chun‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are rare inflammatory astrocytic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The roles of immune response gene‐1 (IRG1) and the IRG1–itaconic acid–NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in the pathogenesis of NMOSD and the effects of 4‐octyl itaconate (4‐OI) on the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in NMOSD are unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of IRG1 and the activation status of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in acute‐onset NMOSD and to investigate the inhibitory effects of 4‐OI on NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the IRG1–itaconic acid–NLRP3 pathway in monocytes and macrophages by using in vitro models.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were collected from patients with acute NMOSDs and healthy controls (HC), followed by monocyte typing and detection of the expression of NLRP3‐related inflammatory factors. Subsequently, the effects of 4‐OI on the IRG1–itaconic acid–NLRP3 pathway were investigated in peripheral monocytes from patients with NMOSD and in macrophages induced by human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP‐1 cells) via in vitro experiments.ResultsPatients with acute NMOSD exhibited upregulated IRG1 expression. In particular, the upregulation of the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory factors was notable in monocytes in acute NMOSD patients. 4‐OI inhibited the activation of the IRG1–itaconic acid–NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in the PBMCs of patients with NMOSD.Interpretation4‐OI could effectively inhibit NLRP3 signaling, leading to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production in patients with NMOSD‐derived PBMCs and in a human macrophage model. Thus, 4‐OI and itaconate could have important therapeutic value for the treatment of NMOSD in the future.
Electronic Delocalization Engineering of β‐AsP Enabled High‐Efficient Multisource Logic Nanodevices
Authors: Liu Fangqi , Wang Tongtong , Yu Qiang , Yang Zixin , Xiong Jingxian , Zhang Xiaolin , Gong Pengwei , Lin Hongzhen , Wang Jian , Zhu Sicong , Wu Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDelocalized electron and phonon structures are directives for rationally tuning the intrinsic physicochemical properties of 2D materials by redistributing electronic density. However, it is still challenging to accurately manipulate the delocalized electron and systematically study the relationships between physiochemical properties and practical nanodevices. Herein, the effects of delocalized electrons engineering on blue‐arsenic‐phosphorus (β‐AsP)‐based practical devices are systematically investigated via implementing vacancies or heteroatom doping. A tendency of carrier conductivity property from “half‐metal” to “metal” is initially found when tuning the electronic structure of β‐AsP with adjustable vacancy concentrations below 2 at% or above 3 at%, which can be ascribed to the introduction of delocalized electrons that cause asymmetric contributions to the electronic states near the implementation site. In optical logic device simulations, broadband response, triangular wave circuit system signal, and reverse polarization anisotropy are achieved by adjusting the vacancy concentration, while extinction ratios are as high as 1561. The electric and thermic‐logic devices realize the highest available reported giant magnetoresistance (MR) up to 1013% and 1039% at vacancy concentrations of 1.67% and 0.89%, respectively, which is significantly superior to the reports. The results shed light on the electronic delocalization strategy of regulating internal structures to achieve highly efficient nanodevices.
Bioinspired Plateau–Rayleigh Instability on Fibers: From Droplets Manipulation to Continuous Liquid Films
Authors: Li Yan , Shi Zhongyu , Xu Bojie , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Plateau–Rayleigh instability (PRI) of a liquid column, which always spontaneously breaks into droplets to minimize surface energy, underlies a variety of fascinating phenomena in daily life and industrial applications. Different from the free liquid column, the evolution of the liquid film on a fiber involves solid‐liquid interfaces which allow for regulating the PRI. Recently, natural fibers with certain topologies have witnessed various dynamic liquid behaviors from droplet manipulation to continuous liquid films. Tailoring the topology of local curved liquid film by the structural‐confinement is the key to manipulating liquids, where the asymmetric Laplace pressure generated by the asymmetric/non‐spherical liquid film promotes the liquid motion. In nature, the spider silk collects droplets efficiently by the spindle‐knot structure; while the mulberry silk enables a smooth surface‐coating on dual‐parallel fibers. Drawing inspirations, many artificial structured fibers are developed to precisely regulate liquid behaviors in the form of either separated droplets or continuous liquid films, which have demonstrated applications as fluidic coating, micro‐patterning, and materials fabrication. Here, recent research progress on bioinspired fibrous PRI from the viewpoints of tailoring the Laplace pressure by rationally designing the surface topology, which offers inspiration for liquid manipulation using open fibrous media, is reviewed.
Electronic Properties of W’ Twin Walls in Ferroelastic BiVO4
Authors: Xu Yuwen , Sharma Pankaj , Wen Haotian , Zhang Dawei , Kong Charlie , Yan Zewu , Chang Shery L. Y. , Seidel Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological defects in ferroic materials can exhibit intrinsic properties that differ from the bulk. Here， structural and electronic variations of non‐prominent (W’) ferroelastic twin domain walls are investigated in BiVO4, a widely investigated photocatalytic material. Using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), a kink configuration of the sharp ferroelastic twin wall with an altered electronic structure is revealed. Nanoscale conductivity measurements by conductive atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM) show higher conductivity at twin walls compared to non‐conductive bulk domains. Electronic structure investigation by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) shows a higher density of oxygen vacancies and possible polaron accumulation at the wall. These findings reveal the electronic properties of BiVO4 domain walls, which are interesting for nanoscale‐engineered catalytic concepts of BiVO4 and materials design for photochemistry‐relevant applications.
Dewetting of Pt Nanoparticles Boosts Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Due to Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction
Authors: Harsha Shreyas , Sharma Rakesh K. , Dierner Martin , Baeumer Christoph , Makhotkin Igor , Mul Guido , Ghigna Paolo , Spiecker Erdmann , Will Johannes , Altomare Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolid‐state dewetting is the heat‐induced agglomeration of thin metal films into defined nanoparticles (NPs). Dewetted Pt nanoparticles are investigated on F‐doped SnO2 (FTO) substrates as model binder‐free electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Dewetting of Pt films into particles exposes the FTO substrate and the metal/support (Pt‐FTO) contact line. Despite the decrease in Pt electrochemical surface area (ECSA) upon dewetting, dewetted NPs show a >3‐fold increase in ECSA‐normalized HER activity compared to as‐deposited nanocrystalline Pt films. Electrodes designed with dewetted Pt NPs of different sizes show that the HER activity does not only correlate with the ECSA but also increases with increasing the Pt‐FTO contact line length. The smaller the NPs, the larger the Pt‐FTO contact line, and the higher the activity. This effect is ascribed to electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI), due to electron transfer from FTO to Pt. It is proposed that EMSI effects alter the electronic structure of Pt sites near the Pt‐FTO contact line, facilitating the H2 evolution kinetics. When NPs are a few nm‐sized, a large mass fraction of Pt is affected by EMSI, resulting in a further increase of HER activity compared to NPs ≥10 nm despite the lower ECSA.
Coordination Defect‐Induced Lewis Pairs in Metal−Organic Frameworks Boosted Sulfur Kinetics for Bifunctional Photo‐Assisted Li−S Batteries
Authors: Wu Jia‐Yi , Wang Yue , Song Li‐Na , Wang Yi‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Li Jun‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe photo‐assisted strategy is regarded as a crucial approach to enhance the conversion kinetics of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, the development of photo‐assisted Li–S batteries still faces important challenges, such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron−holes on cathode and more severe shuttle effect. Herein, a breakthrough in overcoming the challenges has been made by constructing a promising photo‐assisted Li−S battery based on semiconducted metal−organic frameworks. During the discharging progress, the photoexcited electrons generated by H2BPDC ligand based on ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) effect, are injected into the Ti‐oxo clusters in Ti‐MOF, thereby facilitating the sulfur reduction to Li2S. And photoexcited holes are capable of promoting the decomposition kinetics of Li2S during charging. More importantly, the stronger chemical interaction between Ti‐BPDC‐d and polysulfides under light inhibits the polysulfides dissolution and shuttling, which fundamentally addresses the issue of light‐accelerated shuttling. As a result, the photo‐assisted Li–S batteries deliver a reversible capability of 1090.21 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with a capacity retention of 82.91% over 150 cycles, and a superior rate capability of 673.58 mAh g−1 at 5 C. The findings are promising in advancing the design principles for photo‐rechargeable Li−S batteries.