bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI GEL HAND SANITIZER DARI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA LILI (Lilium auratum)
Authors: Febrianti Dwi Rizki , Kumalasari Eka , Niah Rakhmadhan , Ariani Novia , Supomo Supomo , Sandi Dita Ayulia Dwi 
Published: April 2024

Minyak atsiri bunga lili (lilium auratum) dapat berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dengan memformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sediaan gel antiseptik (Hand sanitizer) minyak atsiri bunga lili dengan berbagai konsentrasi gelling agent carbopol 940 yang mempunyai sifat fisik yang baik dan memenuhi syarat. Carbopol 940 divariasikan dengan konsentrasi 0,667 % dan 1,334% dari total formula. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Formula diuji sifat fisiknya, seperti uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya lekat dan daya sebar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari kedua formula dengan variasi konsentrasi gelling agent carbopol 940 yaitu 0,667 % dan 1,334% memenuhi syarat uji sifat fisik. Didapatkan hasil formula yang mempunyai sifat fisik yang memenuhi standar uji sifat fisik adalah formula II dengan konsentrasi Carbopol 940 1,334%. Kata Kunci : Lilium Auratum, Hand Sanitizer, Carbopol 940, Uji Sifat Fisik, Antibakteri The essential oil of lili (Lilium auratum) can potentially be antibacterial by formulating in the form of hand sanitizer gel preparations. This study is to determine the preparation of antiseptic gel (Hand sanitizer) of lilies essential oil with various concentrations of gelling agent carbophol 940 which has good physical properties and qualifies. Carbophol 940 with a variation in concentration of 0.667% and 1.334% with experimental methods conducted trials on formulations so that a product of hand sanitizer gel preparations of lilies essential oil that has good physical properties and qualifies. The results of the research showed that from the two formulas with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent Carbopol 940, namely 0.667% and 1.334%, it met the requirements. The resulting formula which had good physical properties was formula II with the amount of Carbopol 1.334%.
Review: Virgin Coconut Oil and The Pharmacology Effect
Authors: Kamri Andi Maulana 
Published: April 2024

Diproduksi dari tanaman Cocos nucifera, minyak kelapa murni merupakan produk yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia, khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan di Indonesia tempat tanaman ini tumbuh. Namun, hanya sedikit orang yang menyadari dampak kesehatan sistemik virgin coconut oil (VCO). Fokus tinjauan ini ditentukan untuk menjelaskan efek farmakologi dari VCO. Artikel yang di identifikasi menggunakan metode eksperimental serta mempertimbangkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dalam pemilihannya dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang digunakan. Efek nefroprotektif VCO juga dianggap sebagai efek antioksidan karena peran VCO dalam mencegah berkembangnya stres oksidatif diduga dapat menurunkan kemungkinan peningkatan ureum dan kreatinin. VCO yang mengandung medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) dan memiliki sifat antioksidan diduga mampu menurunkan glukosa darah dengan cara meningkatkan laju metabolisme sehingga glukosa darah dapat diubah menjadi energi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa VCO mempengaruhi metabolisme glukosa dan lipid pada penderita diabetes dengan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. VCO memiliki Asam laurat dan free fatty acids yang berfungsi untuk mereduksi stres oksidatif. Kata Kunci: Minyak kelapa murni, Farmakologi, Imunologi, Metabolisme, Dampak Terapi Produced from the Cocos nucifera plant, pure coconut oil is a product that is widely used in Indonesia, especially in South Celebes, where this plant grows. However, few people are aware of the systemic health effects of virgin coconut oil. (VCO). The focus of this review is to explain the pharmacological effects of VCO, as there has been no previous special review. The identified articles use experimental methods and consider inclusion and exclusion criteria in their selection using the keywords used. The nephroprotective effects of VCOs are also considered to be antioxidant effects because the role of the VCO in preventing the development of oxidative stress is suspected to reduce the likelihood of increased urea and creatinine. VCOs that contain medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and have antioxidant properties are thought to be able to lower blood glucose by increasing the rate of metabolism so that blood sugar can be converted into energy. The results showed that VCO affects glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetics by lowering blood glucose levels. VCO has lauric acid and free fatty acids that serve to reduce oxidative stress.
Price volatility and demand of vegetables in three Brazilian Southeast supply centers between 2017 and 2021
Authors: Pucuhuaranga Cindy Lee Cajachagua , Ferraz-Almeida Risely 
Published: April 2024

Vegetable consumption has increased in recent years due to the predisposition of people to have a healthy diet, which includes the ingestion of fibers, vitamins, and minerals present in fruits and vegetables. In Brazil, lettuce, tomato, carrot, onion, and potato are the five vegetables with the highest consumption. In this study, the price volatility and the price elasticity measure (price elasticity of supply, price elasticity of demand, or price inelasticity) of lettuce, tomato, carrot, onion, and potato were evaluated in three supply centers (CEAGESSP, CEASAMINAS e CEASA/RJ) between 2017 to 2021. The results indicated that all the evaluated products had similar price volatility behavior between 2019 to 2021 in the three supply centers. Moreover, the years with higher instabilities of prices were 2020 for potatoes and carrots, 2019 for lettuce, and 2018 for onion. The price elasticity or inelasticity had independent behavior per supply center. However, there are some periods of inelasticity where the price does not influence the quantity demanded or supplied of the evaluated products. In conclusion, there is high variability of price and volume for tomato, potato, onion, lettuce, and carrot during the year. There was a negative in the price and volume of vegetables which indicates that the reduction of volume increases the price of vegetables. The prices of commercialized vegetables are strongly influenced by the forces of supply and demand, which configures a seasonal characteristic.
Convolutional Neural Networks to Estimate Residual Oil Saturation Through Partitioning Inter-Well Tracer Tests
Authors: Velasco-Lozano Moises , Balhoff Matthew T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Modeling of chemical tracers represents one of the most powerful dynamic tools for reservoir characterization and estimation of oil saturation. However, the continuous monitoring during long times in partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs), which extend to months or years in some field tests, limits the use of this technology. The large distance between wells and high partitioning coefficients are some of the main reasons for the slow production of tracers, where time-consuming numerical simulations are required to analyze the tracer data in reservoir models before field applications. Therefore, this work presents an innovative machine-learning (ML) workflow using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the estimation of residual oil saturation (Sor) based on the generation of partitioning tracer responses in heterogeneous media.
To train the CNN model a Python-based algorithm was developed to generate permeability and porosity fields providing significant information about the behavior of tracer production data. The CNN model was trained with extensive ideal and partitioning tracer profiles generated from PITTs in reservoirs under Sor using numerical simulations with UTCHEM software. The response feature in the CNN model corresponds to partitioning tracer profiles obtained from ideal concentration curves to analyze the tracer arrival delay caused by the volume of oil remaining in the reservoir. Numerical case studies and field data were examined to show the applicability of the CNN model developed under multiple flow conditions, where the estimation of Sor is based on a trial-and-error method to match the early partitioning tracer response, which is a simple process since the only unknown is Sor. In most cases, the partitioning tracer responses were properly estimated from ideal tracer data, resulting in a difference of less than ±0.02 compared to the value of Sor calculated. Thus, we show that CNNs represent potential methods for predicting the concentration behavior as a function of early tracer data measured. The work presented is designed to be a starting point for the development of novel machine-learning algorithms for interpreting tracer tests in reservoirs.
Co-Optimization of CO2-EOR Strategies Considering the Spatio-Temporal Sequence Prediction of CO2 Flooding and Sequestration
Authors: Zhuang. Xinyu. , Wang. Wendong. , Su. Yuliang. , Li. Yuan. , Li. Lei. , Hao. Yongmao. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
CO2 injection for field development strategies serves not only to enhance hydrocarbon recovery but also to facilitate subsurface CO2 sequestration. The optimization problem aimed at coordinating CO2 flooding and sequestration simultaneously is proposed to ensure the comprehensiveness of CO2-EOR strategies. The conventional optimization workflow falls short in comprehensively incorporating the multidimensional reservoir information that influences CO2 flooding. In this paper, a novel optimization framework that couples the AST-GraphTrans model (Attention-based Spatio-temporal Graph-Transformer Network) and multi-objective optimization algorithm MOPSO (Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization) is established to optimize the CO2-EOR strategies in integrated development of CO2 flooding and sequestration simultaneously. The framework consists of two outstanding components. The AST-GraphTrans model is utilized to forecast the CO2-EOR dynamics, which includes cumulative oil production, CO2 sequestration volume, and CO2 flooding front. And the MOPSO algorithm is employed for handling the co-optimization of CO2-EOR strategies, i.e., maximizing the oil production while maximizing the sequestration volume with the containment of gas channeling. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated on a field-scale reservoir model. The results demonstrate that it can achieve the co-optimization of CO2-EOR strategies by considering the spatio-temporal sequence prediction of CO2 flooding and sequestration.
Advanced Methodology for Addressing Head Deterioration in Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs)
Authors: Ramos M. , Khalifah M. , Meshal F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The paper introduces a novel methodology for calculating head deterioration in electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) due to mechanical wear, aiming to enhance the understanding of pump head curve performance deviations and improve ESP monitoring.
The methodology is grounded in the regression of experimental data from portable separator rate tests and ESP sensor data, using over 100 data points from an oil field. Simultaneous charts and Visual Basic software were utilized to incorporate correction factors and correlations, establishing a new trend. This approach considers variables like pump intake and discharge pressure and frequency during testing, emphasizing the alignment of operational points with the catalogue curve and recognizing potential influences such as measurement errors, pump wear, and fluid property deviations.
By applying the Head Derating Factor derived from the new methodology, a better match between downhole and portable separator rate test outcomes was achieved, with the deviation decreasing from 14% to 6%. The developed ESP model, based on this methodology, offers accurate historical matching to conducted rate tests, streamlining ESP diagnosis and decision-making throughout its run life. This has further facilitated improved ESP turnaround, enabling performance forecasting and equipment availability planning.
This paper presents a groundbreaking ESP monitoring system, integrating oilfield correlation and all ESP parameters into a unified system. This system, underpinned by the new methodology, offers diagnostic capabilities, production optimization, and ESP well tracking. It provides a comprehensive field overview of all ESP wells simultaneously, identifying wells requiring intervention, optimization, or replacement. The system showcases a dynamic and interactive graphical user interface, offering a holistic view of all ESP wells with three primary modules. This innovation marks a significant advancement in the petroleum industry’s state of knowledge, presenting a more efficient and integrated approach to ESP performance monitoring.
Cost-Effective Solution for Harsh Well Conditions Reciprocating Rod Pumping (RRP) Wells in Oman
Authors: Naser Abuelfotouh A. , Dahab Fadel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With continuous instability of oil prices, it became necessary to reduce the cost of lifting the crude oil from the wells. This cost reduction is not feasible for each stage of the total oil production system; therefore, the optimization of each component in the production system is a must.
The primary challenge is to extend the lifting equipment run life, especially the downhole components. For years, operators have been looking for reliable, flexible, and intelligent lifting systems to improve their operating costs, reservoir recovery factor by maximizing well production.
Production optimization meant to apply an optimum analysis and comprehensive investigation of well production system; including the artificial lift system that expected to increase the oil production and reduce the operating costs.
When producing difficult fluids from marginal, mature, and brown onshore oil fields, Sucker rod (Beam and Progressive Cavity) Pumping systems are typically the most common artificial lift methods used. The primary challenge is to extend the lifting equipment run life, especially the downhole components. Production optimization found to be an essential for the life cycle of each system to extend run life, decrease cost, and increase the cumulative production per well. High WC (90% & above), corrosive environment, sand production & scale build up resulted from water flooding effect are factors that result in harsh operating condition that dramatically affect downhole equipment lifetime & lead to premature failure.
In some of the fields premature failures resulted from harsh operating conditions are found close to 70% of total premature failure & 35% of total failures. The failures and problems related to Beam pumping (BP) and the success resulted from the applications of the system optimization has encouraged us to be selected to be the subject of this paper.
This presentation will discuss in full details the current downhole pump failures, challenges & plan of improving downhole pump metallurgy, configuration the application using latest technology in BP system. It will share different case histories and best practices from BP Wells by using actual well data and performance.
This topic can be summarized in: -
Heavy oil harsh well condition challenges & operational performance of beam pumping system in such these conditions. Solids & abrasives related failures investigation & solution planning Success stories maximizing pump efficiencies and minimizing failure rates of beam pumping system Cost saving impact after using solutions.
Power of Lean Strategic A3 to Overcome Chronic Operation Challenges
Authors: Al-Busafi A. , Albalushi N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bahja Rima area is one of largest cluster in Petroleum Development Oman company in term of production & distances between facilities. Overall production system performance facing a lot of challenges to meet the main Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which related to HSE, oil & gas production, cost reduction, & people as stated in score card. In PDO Key performance indicators (KPIs) support the company to understand if the company is on track or not to meet the set targets. KPIs play a substantial part of the information that required to govern & describe how overall company will progress in meeting its business targets. key KPIs related to HSE, production & people were lagging compared to agreed targets with large impacts on overall field performance in term of production, budget, lean capabilities & HSE. Hence, tremendous integrated efforts using Lean approach were made to overcome those challenges in term of planning to meet the set targets for the area.
The tactic had been structured using the Strategic A3 approach with clear milestones & timelines. A simple method was established to focus on the top 4 main themes: HSE, People, Production, & deferment. As part of using strategic A3 approach other lean tools been used like Practical Problem-Solving PPS & Lean project.
This project undergone A3 Strategic Planning Work as Lean project approach as below:
Setting the Direction: operation & maintenance Leaders determine the asset primary strategy requirements Identify the Gaps Set Milestones to Close the Gap: smart goals been agreed, & those goals are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, & timely Developing Detailed Action Plans to Achieve the Goals: The plan includes all the individual steps that the organization will take to achieve the goals. Each element should have identified owners, teams, & associated dates.
A green belt (6-Sigma as part of Lean projects) was initiated in 2022 to investigate the possibility of improving one of the KPI related to production measurement. This Lean project undergone Six Sigma Green Belt Lean project approach.
These efforts have resulted in a pronounced business benefit such as: Building needed people capabilities across the area. Improving the HSE statistics in-term of reporting. % Oil Gain. % deferment reduction. Full Time Equivalent (FTE) saving which was wasted on various parts of the old methodology.
Building Consensus: By using practical problem solutions & countermeasures based on data, which improved accountability for plan results & the likelihood of successful strategy deployment. It helps the team follow a thinking process, facilitates communication, & builds consensus & Focusing on a priority.
Acquiring High-Resolution Images While Drilling in a Fast Logging Environment Utilizing a New Ultrasonic Sensor
Authors: Hamadani A. , Al Sawafi S. , Taher A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fractures play a significant role in evaluation of carbonate reservoirs, where understanding the fracture type and networking is a key to evaluating their impact on the porosity-permeability relationship. The presence of fractures also increases the likelihood of having partial or total loss of circulation, which has a direct impact on drilling operations. Carbonate reservoirs are known to be laterally heterogenous.
The sensors utilized were basic formation evaluation sensors (gamma ray, resistivity, density, and neutron porosity) combined with an ultrasonic imaging tool, which was utilized for the first time in the field. The ultrasonic sensor uses four transceivers that operate in a pulse-echo mode. Firing simultaneously, the transceivers provide a total of 2,000 travel-time and reflection-amplitude measurements each second, enabling the creation of high-resolution images at high logging speeds. The image can be acquired in multiple modes, while drilling and pulling out of hole, to enable the evaluation of time-dependent changes in the formation. Drilling parameters are optimized to ensure that a high-quality image is acquired while drilling by minimizing the vibration and optimizing the ratio between the rotational speed and rate of penetration.
The case study was a 4,200-ft lateral section drilled using water-based mud. The reservoir had varying thickness of 13 to 27 ft, dipping in a south-easterly direction. The high-resolution amplitude image provided an understanding of fracture mechanisms within the local reservoir sector as well as highlighting asymmetric features and bedding planes. Transit-time analysis facilitated detailed evaluation of borehole size and shape, as well as providing principal stress orientations. Bed-boundary dip interpretation and secondary porosity evaluation, in terms of fractures and vugs, were useful for a better understanding of the geological setting and lateral variation of petrophysical parameters leading to reservoir characterization.
The ultrasonic sensor has been shown to provide high-quality and high-resolution images at fast logging speeds. The tool provides both travel-time and amplitude images, which can be integrated for identifying the fracture type and revealing important information about the borehole shape and deterioration.
Advanced Sonic and Ultrasonic Diagnostics Help Understand Well Leak Behind Multiple Casing Strings: A Kuwait Case Study
Authors: Alshammari A. , Fituri M. , Ali Y. , Al-Naqi A. , Wielemaker E. , Singh K. , Ujagar U. , Saikia J. , Kamal A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A well in Burgan field is producing oil with high H2S content from Burgan reservoir, which was never observed in this part of the field. The H2S appears to be leaking from different reservoir layers. Two possible sources of the H2S in this field are the shallow Umm Er Radhuma and Tayarat formations, above the Burgan reservoir, and the deep Ratawi and Minagish formations below the reservoir.
The Burgan formation for this well was cased with two casings (9.625 in. and 13.375 in.). The 9.625-in. casing was cemented, and cement evaluation logs were run. However, no cement evaluation logs were recorded after the 13.375-in. casing was cemented. In the past, it was not possible to evaluate cement for a second barrier. However, with the new development in the advanced sonic and ultrasonic measurement, it became possible to evaluate cement for the first barrier (9.625 in.) and the second barrier (13.375 in.) simultaneously, which was utilized for this well for cement evaluation and advanced fracture analyses. In addition to the cement evaluation, a combination of noise, corrosion, and production logs was used to further enhance the investigations. The noise and the production log investigations were performed through Y-tool with an electric submersible pump that was used to further increase the drawdown to activate and excite any source of leak during the investigation.