bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De‐simplifying antiretroviral therapy from a single‐tablet to a two‐tablet regimen: Acceptance, patient‐reported outcomes, and cost savings in a multicentre study
Authors: Oosterhof P. , de Zoete B. G. J. A. , Vanhommerig J. W. , Langebeek N. , Gisolf E. H. , van Hulzen A. G. W. , Lammers A. J. J. , Weijsenfeld A. M. , van der Valk M. , Grintjes K. , van Crevel R. , van Luin M. , Brinkman K. , Burger D. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART), which is increasingly used by people with HIV, accounts for significant care costs, particularly because of single‐tablet regimens (STRs). This study explored de‐simplification to a two‐tablet regimen (TTR) for cost reduction. The objectives of this study were: (1) acceptance of de‐simplification, (2) patient‐reported outcomes, and (3) cost savings.MethodsAll individuals on Triumeq®, Atripla® or Eviplera® in five HIV clinics in the Netherlands were eligible. Healthcare providers informed individuals of this study. After inclusion, individuals were free to de‐simplify. An electronic questionnaire was sent to assess study acceptance, adherence, quality of life (SF12) and treatment satisfaction (HIVTSQ). After 3 and 12 months, questionnaires were repeated. Cost savings were calculated using Dutch drug prices.ResultsIn total, 283 individuals were included, of whom 55.5% agreed to de‐simplify their ART, with a large variability between treatment centres: 41.1–74.2%. Individuals who were willing to de‐simplify tended to be older, had a longer history of HIV diagnosis, and used more co‐medication than those who preferred to remain on an STR regimen. Patient‐reported outcomes, including quality of life and treatment satisfaction, showed no significant difference between people with HIV who switched to a TTR and those who remained on an STR regimen. Furthermore, we observed a 17.8% reduction in drug costs in our cohort of people with HIV who were initially on an STR.ConclusionsDe‐simplification from an STR to a TTR within the Dutch healthcare setting has been demonstrated as feasible, leads to significant cost reductions and should be discussed with every eligible person with HIV in the Netherlands.
Integration of single‐cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cells and proteomics to unravel the role of ICAM1–PTGS2 communication in apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Lv Xiaomin , Luo Cuiting , Wu Jie , Huang Yihua , Quan Jingjing , Gong Qimei , Tong Zhongchun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimEndothelial cells (EDs) play a key role in angiogenesis and are associated with granulomatous lesions in patients with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). This study aimed to investigate the diversity of EDs using single‐cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and to evaluate the regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) on the ferroptosis‐related protein, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), in CAP.MethodologyEDs from the uploaded scRNA‐seq data of five CAP samples (GSE181688 and GSE197680) were categorized using distinct marker genes. The interactions between vein EDs (veinEndo) and other cell types were analysed using CellPhoneDB. Differentially expressed proteins in the proteomics of human umbilical vein EDs (HUVECs) and THP‐1‐derived macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis were compared with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of VeinEndo in scRNA‐seq of CAP versus healthy control periodontal tissues. The protein–protein interaction of ICAM1–PTGS2 in macrophages and HUVECs was validated by adding recombinant ICAM1, ICAM1 inhibitor and PTGS2 inhibitor using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsEDs in patients with CAP were divided into eight subclusters: five vein ED, capillaries, arterials and EC (PLA). There were 29 mutually upregulated DEGs and two mutually downregulated DEGs in vein cells in the scRNA‐seq data, as well as differentially expressed proteins in the proteomics of HUVECs. Real‐time PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed that ICAM1 and PTGS2 were highly expressed in CAP, infected HUVECs, and macrophages. Recombinant protein ICAM1 may improve PTGS2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Fe2+ levels and decrease glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11 protein levels. ICAM1 inhibitor may inverse the above changes.ConclusionsscRNA‐seq revealed the diversity of EDs in CAP and identified the possible regulation of ICAM1 by the ferroptosis‐related protein, PTGS2, in infected HUVECs and macrophages, thus providing a basis for therapeutic approaches that target the inflammatory microenvironment of CAP.
Recalcitrant dermatophyte infections: identification and risk factors
Authors: Tamimi Pegah , Fattahi Mahsa , Firooz Alireza , Ghaderi Aliasghar , Ayatollahi Azin , Nasiri Kashani Mansour , Alkhen Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionRecalcitrant dermatophytosis is an emerging phenomenon that occurs worldwide, and Trichophyton indotineae is currently the prominent cause.Materials and methodsSkin specimens from patients with tinea infection were obtained by scrubbing and then sectioned into three fragments. Two fragments were subjected to direct microscopic examination and culture, while the third portion was utilized in the PCR method.ResultsIsolates were morphologically identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex (n = 60 [83.33%]), Microsporum canis (n = 8 [11.11%]), Trichophyton rubrum (n = 3 [4.16%]), and Epidermophyton floccosum (n = 1 [1.38%]). Among 60 T. mentagrophytes complex isolates, 53 (88.33%) were classified as T. indotineae and seven as T. interdigitale genotype II. The disease duration was longer in the T. indotineae group (P = 0.035). Both Gradient PCR and skin‐sampling methods yield similar results in terms of positive and negative cases (P = 1.0000). The time patients stopped their medication did not impact the positive case numbers (P = 0.803). Gender had no effects on the frequency (P = 0.699). Familial contamination, dermatologic disorder, and other underlying conditions did not differ in the two group infections (P > 0.05). Steroid usage is strongly associated with the emergence of tinea infection (P < 0.04). The duration of antifungal administration had a substantial effect on the emergence of resistant organisms (P = 0.05).ConclusionsSteroid usage, T. indotineae involvement, and prolonged exposure to antifungals were the solid and influential factors in recalcitrant involvement. Regarding quick and suitable diagnosis and treatment, which is essential in preventing recalcitrant cases, we suggest that direct skin sample PCR can meet the demands.
The Janus model of money demand
Authors: Faria João Ricardo , McAdam Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe derive a new theoretical model of money demand, which reflects backward‐ and forward‐looking preferences in consumption and utility. The former aspect is captured by standard habit formation, and the latter by anticipation of future consumption preferences. By introducing both of these into the Ramsey–Sidrauski framework, we unveil a new highly general model of money demand. We discuss the model in light of the apparent breakdown of money‐demand functions and diminished policy relevance of monetary aggregates.
Fermented or not fermented: a comparative study of the biological activities and microbiomes of a non‐fermented green tea and a five‐year‐old fermented tea prepared from young leaves of Shan tea
Authors: Tran Phuc N. H. , Nguyen Yen T. M. , Nguyen Minh Q. , Nguyen Trung‐Dũng , Tran Hanh T. M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryCamellia sinensis var. shan is a special tea variety in Vietnam that is in high demand, especially its fermented products. This study compared the total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and microbiome of a green Shan tea and a five‐year‐old fermented Shan tea. Folin–Ciocalteu, DPPH and SRB assays were used for TPC, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity evaluation. The isolated microbes were morphologically and molecularly identified. The TPC (126.59 mg g−1) and antioxidant activity (IC50 of 284.82 μg mL−1) of the green tea were significantly higher than those of the fermented tea. However, the latter showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells (inhibiting 73.84% cells at 1 mg mL−1). Notably, the green tea had a negligible number of microbes, but the fermented tea had a much richer microbiome with Aspergillus restrictus (4.7 × 104 CFU g−1), A. ruber (1.76 × 103 CFU g−1), A. pseudoglaucus (1.32 × 103 CFU g−1), A. cibarius (8.8 × 102 CFU g−1), Bacillus cereus (1.13 × 104 CFU g−1), Peribacillus frigoritolerans (4.0 × 102 CFU g−1) and B. amyloliquefaciens (2.0 × 102 CFU g−1) present. These microbes are either harmless or beneficial, except for B. cereus (can cause food poisoning at >106 CFU g−1). The fermented tea would appear to have some advantages over the green tea. However, the presence and density of B. cereus should be monitored.
Bone age and dental late effects in childhood cancer survivors: Radiographic findings in a Brazilian sample
Authors: De Almeida Híttalo Carlos Rodrigues , Rodrigues Cleomar Donizeth , De Azevedo Luiz Pedro Mendes , Rosenblatt Aronita , Da Silveira Márcia Maria Fonseca , Sobral Ana Paula Veras 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in bone age and tooth development are late side effects of cancer therapy and can be identified by imaging examination.AimTo evaluate the late effects of antineoplastic treatment on bone age and dental development in childhood cancer survivors.DesignThis is a retrospective case–control study on paediatric cancer survivors of both sexes who underwent antineoplastic treatment with 5–15 years of survival. Carpal radiographs were assessed for bone age and growth curve, and panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate dental development and alterations. Carpal radiographs were analyzed using the Greulich and Pyle inspection method, and the Martins and Sakima method was used to analyze the growth curve. All tests were applied with a confidence level of 95%.ResultsThe study and control groups comprised 28 and 56 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in bone age and growth curve between the study and control groups. Nonetheless, when sex was compared to chronological and bone ages, there was a significant difference in bone age (p = 0.019) and an underestimation in both groups and sexes in the Greulich and Pyle method. As to late dental effects, dental agenesia, microdontia, gyroversion, and unerupted teeth were found. Dental shape alterations mainly involve the root region.ConclusionClose multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary during the follow‐up period of young patients who have survived cancer.
Achieving excellent mechanical and electrical properties in transition metal oxides and rare earth oxide‐doped KNN‐based piezoceramics
Authors: Zhang Zhidong , Shang Xunzhong , Liu Xiong , He Yunbin , Zhang Zaoli , Guo Jinming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPotassium sodium niobate (KNN)‐based piezoelectric ceramics have emerged as a promising alternative to lead‐based systems due to their exceptional properties. While extensive research has focused on improving the electrical properties of KNN‐based ceramics through doping and processing optimization, the concurrent investigation of their mechanical properties has been lacking. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of KNN‐based lead‐free piezoceramics doped with various transition metal oxides and rare earth oxides, based on substantial experimental data. Our findings reveal that the as‐sintered KNN‐based ceramics exhibit not only outstanding electrical properties but also remarkable mechanical robustness compared to conventional toughened lead zirconate titanate (PZT)‐based ceramics. These exceptional electrical and mechanical properties are attributed to the micro‐scale and atomic‐scale structure of the modified KNN‐based ceramics, characterized by a highly condensed structure, an inhomogeneous distribution of nano‐domain structure, and the presence of amorphous intergranular films at grain boundaries.
Thermal decomposition of oxygen‐containing Ta3N5${\rm {Ta}}_3{\rm {N}}_5$
Authors: Moharana Niraja , Ghosh Chanchal , Dasgupta Arup , Maezono Ryo , Kumar Ravi , Kumar K. C. Hari 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal nitrides, especially tantalum nitrides, are pivotal for applications in extreme environments demanding excellent mechanical properties and thermodynamic stability. Among them, ‐TaN, a high‐pressure polymorph of tantalum nitride with its exceptional bulk modulus (362 GPa) and hardness (31.7 GPa) promises to have many technological uses. Another nitride, , has gained importance as a photocatalyst for water splitting using visible light. The Ta–N phase diagram indicates that the thermal decomposition of pure leads to the formation of ‐TaN. However, usually has some amount of oxygen as an impurity mainly due to its synthesis route. We found that the ‐TaN phase, which is usually observed at high pressures, is formed during the thermal decomposition of oxygen containing . The presence of ‐TaN is verified using several experimental techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM‐HAADF), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Elemental distribution analyzed through energy dispersion X‐ray spectroscopy (XEDS) in STEM reveals about 7 at.% of oxygen in ‐TaN. First‐principle calculations are performed to examine the thermodynamic stability of oxygen substituted ‐TaN and pure ‐TaN via formation enthalpies, elastic constants, and phonon dispersion calculations. The computational studies confirm that oxygen in ‐TaN enhances its thermodynamic stability. The calculated electron localization functions establish the bonding characteristics between Ta, N, and O, confirming the same.
Minimally invasive non‐surgical periodontal therapy of intrabony defects: A prospective multi‐centre cohort study
Authors: Mehta Jaimini , Montevecchi Marco , Garcia‐Sanchez Ruben , Onabolu Olanrewaju , Liñares Antonio , Eriksson Fernando , Ghezzi Carlo , Donghi Camilla , Lu Emily Ming‐Chieh , Nibali Luigi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the potential benefits of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy (MINST) in teeth with intrabony defects and to explore factors associated with the outcomes.Materials and MethodsA multi‐centre trial was conducted in 100 intrabony defects in periodontitis patients in private practice. Steps 1 and 2 periodontal therapy including MINST were provided. Clinical and radiographic data were analysed at baseline and 12 months after treatment, with the primary aim being change in radiographic defect depth at 12 months.ResultsEighty‐four patients completed the 12‐month follow up. The mean total radiographic defect depth reduced by 1.42 mm and the defect angle increased by 3° (both p < .05). Statistically significant improvements in probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were seen at 12 months compared to baseline (p < .001). Fifty‐six defects (66.7%) achieved pocket closure (PPD ≤ 4 mm) and 49 defects (58.3%) achieved the composite outcome (PPD ≤ 4 mm and CAL gain ≥3 mm). Deeper and narrower angled defects were positively correlated with radiographic and clinical improvements, respectively.ConclusionsImprovements in clinical and radiographic outcomes were seen after MINST. This study highlights the generalizability and wide applicability of this approach, further supporting its effectiveness in the treatment of intrabony defects. Clinical trial registration: NCT03741374. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03741374?cond=minimally%20invasive%20non%20surgical%20therapy&locStr=UK&country=United%20Kingdom&distance=50&rank=2.
Mitochondrial ALDH2 improves ß‐cell survival and function against doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis by targeting CK2 signaling
Authors: Karunakaran Udayakumar , Ha Eun Yeong , Elumalai Suma , Won Kyu Chang , Moon Jun Sung 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study was to better understand how the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin contributes to the development of β‐cell dysfunction and to explore its relationship with mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2).Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate this hypothesis, doxorubicin was administered to INS‐1 cells, a rat insulinoma cell line, either with or without several target protein activators and inhibitors. ALDH2 activity was detected with a commercial kit and protein levels were determined with western blot. Mitochondrial ROS, membrane potential, and lipid ROS were determined by commercial fluorescent probes. The cell viability was measured by CCK‐assay.ResultsExposure of INS‐1 cells to doxorubicin decreased active insulin signaling resulting in elevated ALDH2 degradation, compared with control cells by the induction of acid sphingomyelinase mediated ceramide induction. Further, ceramide induction potentiated doxorubicin induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with the ALDH2 agonist, ALDA1, blocked doxorubicin‐induced acid sphingomyelinase activation which significantly blocked ceramide induction and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated cell death. Treatment with the ALDH2 agonist, ALDA1, stimulated casein kinase‐2 (CK2) mediated insulin signaling activation. CK2 silencing neutralized the function of ALDH2 in the doxorubicin treated INS‐1 cells.ConclusionsMitochondrial ALDH2 activation could inhibit the progression of doxorubicin induced pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction by inhibiting the acid sphingomyelinase induction of ceramide, by regulating the activation of CK2 signaling. Our research lays the foundation of ALDH2 activation as a therapeutic target for the precise treatment of chemotherapy drug induced β‐cell dysfunction.
The Provision of Psychosocial Support to Students in Jordan: Teachers' Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, Practices, and Perceived Barriers
Authors: Abu Khudair Sara , Khader Yousef , Al Nsour Mohannad , Tanaka Eizaburo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPsychosocial support provision in schools is a promising strategy for overcoming barriers to accessing mental health care. This study aimed to assess teachers' knowledge, attitudes, practices, skills, and perceived barriers in providing psychosocial support to students in Jordan.METHODSThe sample included teachers working in public schools, private schools, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) schools, and Zaatari camp schools, as well as non‐formal education centers. The study utilized a multi‐stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select a nationally representative sample.RESULTSA total of 549 teachers were included, and only 25.2% have ever received mental health training. Most teachers reported a high level of good and acceptable knowledge of psychosocial support and had a positive attitude toward the provision of psychosocial support, however, about a quarter (25.5%) agreed on feeling nervous in discussing students' psychosocial problems with their parents or school administrators. The least enacted practice was the systematic engagement with parents, school administration, and other community resources in students' well‐being (sometimes, 31.6%; rarely, 20.4%). Gaps in skills were mainly in communicating with external resources and parents. The main barriers included parents' misunderstanding of teachers' role in providing psychosocial support to students (56.8%), lack of integration of psychosocial support in the curriculum (55.6%), and challenges in identifying students with psychosocial problems due to large class sizes (54.3%).CONCLUSIONThe results show that gaps extend beyond the individual level of teachers to the community level. School‐based psychosocial support interventions must consider the multiple factors that influence their implementation at multiple levels, including the individual, relational, community, and societal levels.
Nationalism and environmentalism from the global perspective: A comparative survey analysis of eco‐nationalism
Authors: Nakai Ryo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between environmentalism and nationalism, including eco‐nationalism, from comparative empirical survey studies. This study uses the Integrated Value Survey dataset, comprising approximately 240,000 respondents from 100 countries since 2010, to explore nationalism and pro‐environmental attitudes among public opinion across various countries. From a global perspective, a positive correlation between national pride or national identity and environmentalism is observed among many countries, whereas in a few regions, namely, certain parts of Western Europe and North America, both sentiments exhibit a negative correlation. Further regression analysis indicates that eco‐nationalism and green nationalism tend to emerge in less economically developed countries but are not affected by the degree of democracy, resource rent and level of globalisation. This study demonstrates that the link between environmentalism and nationalism is not definitive but contextual, and it clarifies the context that defines it through empirical international comparisons.
Legislative review and recommendations for improving sun protection in schools
Authors: Freeman Timothy , Morris Lisa M. , Michalski Basia M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSun exposure in schools can account for a large portion of childhood sun exposure before the age of 20 years, yet legislation in the United States is lacking to properly protect children. Schools serve as a foundational resource to introduce and implement sun‐safe practices in the youth population.MethodsFederal and state legislation relating to the access of sunscreen, sun‐protective apparel, and shade was reviewed via the website LegiScan.com.ResultsAt the time of publication, only 25 states have legislation in place that addresses and allows sunscreen to be used in school, given its classification as an over‐the‐counter medication. No state has implemented legislation allowing sunglasses to be worn in school, and only two states have laws explicitly allowing hats and other sun‐protective apparel at schools. In addition, the provision of shade is addressed in four states.ConclusionsWith a significant portion of sun exposure occurring at schools, state and federal legislation must address sun protection for students, opening the door for expanded access and additional research related to skin cancer prevention.
A modifiable valve‐sparing pediatric cardiac dissection technique promotes specimen longevity and optimizes advanced image analysis postpathological examination
Authors: Yamasaki Takato , Toba Shuhei , Sanders Stephen P. , Carreon Chrystalle Katte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper illustrates a valve‐sparing cardiac dissection technique that keeps the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and other important cardiac structures intact. The technique minimizes disruption in heart specimens, so they remain suitable for teaching, demonstration, and further research. When performed following the perfusion‐distension method of fixation, as our group previously described, this technique could optimize the preservation of heart specimens for teaching and digital archiving postdissection.
Was Hart an Inclusive Positivist?
Authors: Costa‐Neto João , de Castro Henrique Porto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter the publication of Hart's Concept of Law, Dworkin published his article “The Model of Rules,” dividing positivism into two varieties: inclusive and exclusive. Many theorists involved in this debate have characterized Hart's position as inclusivist, which we reject in this article. We argue that Hart, in the postscript to The Concept of Law, conceded a point to Dworkin in accepting that inclusive positivism would imply the existence of objective moral standing, adopting a more “neutral” position—compatible with inclusive and exclusive positivism—and consequently distancing himself from the incorporation thesis, which is paramount to inclusive positivism.