bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the order–disorder phase transition, and glassy behavior in the metal-organic framework [(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
]Zn(HCOO)
3
Authors: Besara Tiglet , Jain Prashant , Dalal Naresh S. , Kuhns Philip L. , Reyes Arneil P. , Kroto Harold W. , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: April 2011

Transitions associated with orientational order–disorder phenomena are found in a wide range of materials and may have a significant impact on their properties. In this work, specific heat and
1
H NMR measurements have been used to study the phase transition in the metal-organic framework (MOF) compound [(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
]Zn(HCOO)
3
. This compound, which possesses a perovskite-type architecture, undergoes a remarkable order–disorder phase transition at 156 K. The

(DMA
+
) cationic moieties that are bound by hydrogen bonds to the oxygens of the formate groups (N─H⋯O ∼ 2.9
Å
) are essentially trapped inside the basic perovskite cage architecture. Above 156 K, it is the orientations of these moieties that are responsible for the disorder, as each can take up three different orientations with equal probability. Below 156 K, the DMA
+
is ordered within one of these sites, although the moiety still retains a considerable state of motion. Below 40 K, the rotational motions of the methyl groups start to freeze. As the temperature is increased from 4 K in the NMR measurements, different relaxation pathways can be observed in the temperature range approximately 65–150 K, as a result of a “memory effect.” This dynamic behavior is characteristic of a glass in which multiple states possess similar energies, found here for a MOF. This conclusion is strongly supported by the specific heat data.
Changes in Germination and Physiochemical Properties of Transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac Gene Rice During Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Cai Wan‐Lun , Yao Ying‐Juan , Yang Chang‐Ju , Hua Hong‐Xia , Gao Gen‐Liang 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe changes in germination, free fatty acid (FFA), and viscosity of the transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice expressing the cry1Ab/cry1Ac gene and its associated Bt protein were observed at three‐month intervals during 24 months of storage at ambient temperature and relative humidity. After nine months of storage, FFA of transgenic Bt rice was significantly lower than that of nontransgenic rice, while germination was significantly higher. Rates of change of FFA and germination in transgenic rice were lower than in nontransgenic rice. The content of Bt protein in the husk and in the brown rice both decreased 80% during 24 months of storage. Our observations suggest that transgenic Bt rice used in this study had long‐term storability.
Substrates Influence Stimulatory Effect of Mevalonic Acid on Carotenoid Production in Red Yeasts
Authors: Ananda Nanjundaswamy , Vadlani Praveen V. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTStimulation of carotenogenesis in carotenoid producing red yeasts, algae, or bacteria for enhanced carotenoid production has been achieved by mevalonic acid addition. Recently, carotenoid‐enriched feed was produced by Phaffia rhodozyma fermentation of inexpensive animal feeds. Because mevalonate improves carotenoid yield in P. rhodozyma in synthetic medium, this study tested whether a similar enhancement was possible in biobased substrates. Four concentrations, 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1% of mevalonate as a precursor of P. rhodozyma production of astaxanthin and β‐carotene were evaluated in five substrates: defatted rice bran, full fat rice bran, wheat bran, corn whole stillage, and synthetic media. Additionally, four concentrations, 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5% of apple pomace and tomato pomace were also evaluated as precursors of carotenogenesis in P. rhodozyma fermentation of corn whole stillage and rice bran. Mevalonic acid, tomato pomace, and apple pomace enhanced carotenoid yields in all substrates in that order. However, the optimal concentration of precursor and the percent increase of carotenoid yield in each substrate were variable, potentially indicating substrate influence on carotenoid stimulation. Among animal feed substrates, mevalonic acid in corn whole stillage resulted in the best astaxanthin yield of 220 μg/g and β‐carotene of 904 μg/g. Tomato pomace resulted in 29% astaxanthin and β‐carotene enhancement in corn whole stillage, and apple pomace increased β‐carotene production by 26% in whole stillage. The use of expensive mevalonate is offset by the inexpensive process of producing carotenoid‐enriched DDGS. Optimization of tomato or apple pomace addition may further enhance the carotenoid yields.
Is Small‐bowel Bacterial Overgrowth an Underdiagnosed Disorder in Children With Gastrointestinal Symptoms?
Authors: Jones Hilary F , Davidson Geoffrey P , Brooks Doug A , Butler Ross N 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSmall‐bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) has been implicated in chronic abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in children. This was a retrospective study that aimed to assess the occurrence of SBBO by the lactulose breath hydrogen test in children referred primarily for investigation of carbohydrate malabsorption (n = 287). There were profiles indicative of SBBO in 16% (39/250) of hydrogen‐producing children. This indicated that SBBO may be more common in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and apparent carbohydrate malabsorption than previously recognised.
Association of Polymorphisms in the Interleukin‐18 Gene With Susceptibility to Biliary Atresia
Authors: Lee Hung‐Chang , Chang Tzu‐Yang , Yeung Chun‐Yan , Chan Wai‐Tao , Jiang Chuen‐Bin , Chan Hui‐Wen , Chen Wei‐Fang , Yang Horng‐Woei , Lin Marie , Lee Yann‐Jinn 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Biliary atresia (BA) is a destructive inflammatory obliterative cholangiopathy of neonates that affects both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Although the etiology is unknown, immunologically mediated injury of the bile ducts triggered by as yet unidentified infectious agents is likely to play a critical role. Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in immune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases because of its induction of interferon‐gamma. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL18 gene were associated with susceptibility to BA.Patients and Methods:Genomic DNA was extracted from whole‐blood samples of 50 Taiwanese children with BA and 1117 ethnically matched healthy controls. The IL18 –1297 T/C, –607 C/A, –137 G/C, and +105 A/C polymorphisms were genotyped using the TaqMan assay.Results:No statistically significant differences of genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies of these IL18 gene variants were found between children with BA and healthy controls.Conclusions:Our data suggest that the IL18 gene does not play a major role in BA predisposition in Taiwanese children.
Autoimmunity in primary immune deficiency: taking lessons from our patients
Authors: Cunningham-Rundles C 
Published: April 2011

Summary
The elucidation of the genes leading to selected immune defects has accelerated our understanding of the molecular basis of tolerance in autoimmunity disorders. Mutations in genes of the immune system are known to lead to a catalogue of functional deficits, including loss of activation-induced Fas-mediated apoptosis, an inability to remove self-reactive T and/or B cells and insufficient numbers or functions of regulatory T cells. In most cases, microbial antigen stimulation occurs simultaneously, leading to further inflammatory responses. In each case, probing the molecular pathways involved in these primary immune defects has led to a better understanding of autoimmune diseases in general. While subjects with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia are almost devoid of autoimmune diseases, B cells which are present, but dysfunctional in other defects, lead to a significant incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity is also particularly common in the antibody deficiency states. Although organ-based autoimmunity also occurs, for unclear reasons the main conditions are immune thrombocytopenia purpura and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The common variable immune deficiency subjects most afflicted by these cytopenias are those with specific peripheral blood memory B cell phenotypes. B cells of these subjects have a retained autoimmune potential, lack of somatic hypermutation, profound loss of proliferative potential, accelerated apoptosis and loss of normal Toll-like receptor signalling. Treatment with high-dose immunoglobulin and/or steroids can be helpful, while rituximab provides benefits in the treatment of refractory cytopenias with apparently little risk, even with repeated use, due to ongoing immune globulin therapy.
The experience of Flebogammadif® in primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Julia A 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody-induced platelet destruction, suboptimal megakaryocytic production of platelets and consequent bleeding. Numerous controlled trials have proved that the administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) results in rapid increases in the platelet numbers. Therefore, they are indicated in emergency settings or in patients needing surgical procedures. Here, the efficacy and safety of Flebogammadif®, a new high-purity IVIG, was assessed by an open, multi-centre, non-controlled, prospective study in 20 adult patients diagnosed with ITP for at least 6 months before recruitment and with a platelet count ≤ 20 000/µl before treatment. Patients received 0·4 g/kg/body weight of Flebogammadif® for 5 consecutive days and were followed-up for 3 months. There were three efficacy end-points: proportion of patients who reached a platelet count ≥ 50 000/µl; time for the platelet count to reach that level; and duration of response. Safety parameters [adverse events (AE), laboratory determinations and vital signs] and viral markers were monitored regularly. A total of 14 patients achieved a platelet count of ≥ 50 000/µl. The median time to platelet response was ≤ 2·5 days and the median number of days in which the platelet count remained ≥ 50 000/µl was ≥ 7·0 days. A regression of haemorrhages was reported for 17 patients on day 14. Eight patients presented 20 AEs (mainly mild) related potentially to the study drug. Neither abnormalities in laboratory values nor in viral markers were registered during the follow-up period. In conclusion, Flebogammadif® was well tolerated and succeeded in providing a haemostatic platelet count in ITP patients.
Antagonistic regulation of dgkA and plsB genes of phospholipid synthesis by multiple stress responses in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wahl Astrid , My Laetitia , Dumoulin Romain , Sturgis James N. , Bouveret Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2011

SummaryPhospholipid homeostasis of the bacterial membrane is maintained by biochemical regulation of the synthesis enzymes depending on the environment. However, genes encoding phospholipid synthesis enzymes might also be regulated during stress responses, in order for the bacteria to adapt their growth to changing environments. While few studies have addressed this question, global analyses show that specific genes are activated by alternative Sigma factors, and that phospholipid synthesis genes are co‐ordinately regulated during stringent response. In Escherichia coli, the genes coding for glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase and diacylglycerol kinase (plsB and dgkA) are found next to each other in divergent orientations, suggesting a co‐ordinated regulation. We investigated their regulation and found that these two genes are inversely regulated by a diversity of stress responses. plsB activation by σE is concomitant with a reduced DgkA amount. A second proximal promoter for plsB expression is responsible for basal plsB expression and is inhibited during stringent response. Finally, dgkA is activated by the two‐component regulator BasR, linking dgkA function of phospholipid recycling to LPS modifications. In E. coli, PlsB and DgkA are key enzymes in the phospholipid synthesis pathway. Our results show that their expression is a crucial point of integration for different stress signals.
Surgical oncology issues in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Ooi Kevin , Gibbs Peter , Faragher Ian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe management of locally advanced (T3/4) rectal cancer is evolving. Randomized trials have shaped the current adjuvant treatment options, but yet there remain many unanswered questions. These include how best to define which patients to treat and choosing between short‐course radiotherapy and long‐course chemoradiotherapy. With respect to surgery, the optimal timing, the surgical approach in abdominoperineal resections and the role of laparoscopic surgery remain active areas of research. The possibility of avoiding surgery in selected patients is also a topic of great interest. A multidisciplinary team approach in managing rectal cancer patients is popular where possible and recommended in some guidelines.
Rectal endometriosis with invasion into lymph nodes
Authors: Namkung Jeong , Kim Sa Jin , Kim Jang Heub , Kim Jeana , Hur Soo Young 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough endometriosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age, rectal endometriosis is rare and lymph node involvement by endometriosis is considered uncommon. We report a 37‐year‐old woman who had irregular lower abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. She was operated on with suspected rectal cancer, but the histological diagnosis was rectal endometriosis with lymph node involvement. In women who suffer from digestive complaints, endometriosis should be considered in differential diagnosis. Rectal endometriosis has the ability to invade adjacent tissue as true malignant tumors. Therefore, lymph node involvement should be considered in rectal endometriosis.
Repulsion of Maxillary and Mandibular Cheek Teeth in Standing Horses
Authors: Coomer Richard P. C. , Fowke Graham S. , McKane Shaun 
Published: April 2011

Objective:To report the technique and results of cheek teeth repulsion in standing, sedated horses.Study Design:Case series.Animals:Horses (n=12), ponies (6).Methods:Medical records (2006–2009) of horses that had cheek tooth repulsion while standing were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: maxillary or mandibular cheek tooth disease diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination where attempted oral extraction failed necessitating repulsion. Horses were sedated and a local nerve block performed. Intraoperative radiographs facilitated instrument positioning and ensured repulsion of all dental remnants. Alveolar cavities were packed postoperatively and secondary dental sinusitis treated with lavage.Results:Median horse age was 7 years (range, 1–30 years). Maxillary (n=15) and mandibular (5) cheek teeth were removed successfully. One horse was euthanatized 1 week after tooth removal because of concurrent liver disease and 10 horses (59%) had resolution of discharge after the 1st treatment; 41% of extractions required follow‐up medical or surgical treatment to resolve signs [6/12 maxillary sinusitis and 1/5 persistent mandibular drainage].Conclusions:Standing repulsion of diseased and fractured cheek teeth is an effective means of resolving clinical signs of dental disease when oral extraction fails. Chronic sinus involvement increased the risk of postextraction surgical treatment for sinusitis.
THE ECOLOGY OF SYMPHYLA. PART II. SEASONAL SOIL MIGRATIONS
Authors: EDWARDS C. A. 
Published: April 2011

The seasonal changes in vertical distribution of Scutigerella immaculata Newport in the soil were studied. In bare soil outdoors there were high surface number's in spring, low in summer, with a second increase in autumn. The distribution pattern was similar in bare greenhouse soil, except that spring migrations to the surface soil occurred earlier, the summer exodus was more marked, and the autumn increase much reduced. Growing plants attracted Scutigerella immaculata to the surface even under adverse soil conditions but had no influence on Symphylella vulgaris Silvestri. The results are discussed in relation to other work.ZusammenfassungDIE ÖKOLOGIE DER SYMPHYLIDEN. TEIL II. JAHRESZEITLICHE WANDERUNGEN IM BODENSymphyliden dringen sehr tief in den Boden ein. Es wurden die jabreszeitlichen Vertikalwanderungen von zwei Arten durch Entnahme einer Anzahl von Tiefenproben in monatlichen Abständen untersucht. Dies waren Scutigerella immaculata, die phytophag ist, und Symphylella ***vulgaris. die saprophag lebt. Die Fortpflanzung findet das ganze Jahr über statt, doch traten Maximalpopulationen im Gewächshausboden im Frühjahr und im Freiland im Frühsommer auf. Im Freiland wanderten auf offenen Böden große Zahlen beider Arten im Frühling und Frühsommer an die Bodenoberfläche, kehrten im Hochsommer in geringere Tiefen zurück, und im Herbst entstand ein zweiter kleinerer Gipfel der Oberflächenzahlen.Ein ähnlicher jahreszeitlicher Verlauf zeigte sich in nacktem Gewächshausboden, außer daß die Frühjahrswanderung zur Bodenoberfläche zeitiger stattfand, der Sommerrückzug starker betont war und im Herbst nur relativ wenige zur Bodenoberfläche zurückkehrten. Proben unter Pflanzen in Gewächshaus‐ und Feldböden zeigten größere Zahlen von Scutigerella immaculata zu den Zeiten, in denen die Pflanzen die größte Anzahl junger Wurzeln entwickelten Das trat bei Symphylella vulgaris nicht auf. Es wird geschlossen, daß eine warme, feuchte Bodenoherfläche für hohe Oberflächenzahlen beider Arten am meisten geeignet ist, doch kommt Scutigerella immaculata sogar bei ungünstigen Bedingungen an die Oberfläche, wenn Nahrung vorhanden ist.
A STUDY OF THE FLIGHTS HABITS OF THE EUROPEAN CHAFER
Authors: EVANS WILLIAM G. , GYRISCO GEORGE G. 
Published: April 2011

By using a large cage in the field and a system of marking, the flight activities of 36 females and 49 males of the European chafer were followed during June and July, 1954.It was found that the beetles made one to 11 flights during their life span with males averaging five flights and females 4.5. More males made eight to 11 flights than did females, and males made more flights on consecutive evenings. The average longevity of the males was found to be six days while the females lived on the average for 6.5 days.The main flight period of the European chafer lasts about one month though some beetles can be observed flying in the evenings for about two months after the main flight has ended. The populations observed in the field are composed of successive groups of beetles which emerge, fly for several days then die. These groups overlap each other so that high numbers of beetles are present in the trees each evening during the main flight period. Variations in the physical characteristics of the soil habitat could be responsible for the differences in the time of maturity of the larvae and the subsequent “first‐time” emergence of the adults.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGStudien über die Fluggewohnbeiten von Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky)Im Juni und Juli 1954 wurde die Flugtätigkeit von 36 weiblichen und 49 männlichen Tieren von Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky) unter Zuhilfenahme eines grossen Käfigs im freien Felde und eines geeigneten Bezeichnungssystems der Tiere verfolgt.Es zeigte sich, dass die Käfer während ihrer Lebensdauer ein bis elf Flüge unternehmen und zwar betrug der Durchschnitt für männliche Tiere fünf, für weibliche 4,5 Flüge. Mehr Männchen als Weibchen flogen 8 bis 11 mal und die Männchen flogen häufiger an aufeinanderfolgenden Abenden. Für männliche Käfer war die durchschnittliche Lebensdauer 6 Tage, während die weiblichen einen Durchschnitt von 6,5 Tagen erreichten.Die Hauptflugperiode von Amphimallon majalis erstreckt sich über etwa einen Monat, obwohl man auch 2 Monate lang nach der Hauptflugzeit des abends noch einige Käfer fliegen sehen kann. Die Gesamtzahl der im Versuchsfeld beobachteten Insekten setzt sich aus auf einander folgenden Gruppen von Käfern zusammen, die nach einander ausschlüpfen, mehrere Tage fliegen und dann sterben. Diese Gruppen überschneiden sich, so dass während der Hauptflugzeit abends eine grosse Anzahl von Käfern in den Bäumen zu finden ist. Es ist sehr wohl möglich, dass Unterschiede in der physikalischen Beschaffenheit des Bodens für die Länge der Reifezeit der Larven verantwortlich sind und somit auch für den Zeitpunkt des Erstfluges der entwr***‐kelten Käfer.
FAT METABOLISM AND TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATIZATION IN THE FLY PHORMIA TERRAENOVAE R.‐D
Authors: CHERRY LOIS M. 
Published: April 2011

When larvae of the fly Phormia terraenovae were fed on diets containing fats with different melting points and degrees of saturation, the fat laid down in the depots were effected, though the range of the depot fats was much narrower than that of the fat in the diet‐Larvae reared at high temperatures also laid down fat which had a higher melting point and a lower iodine number than did larvae reared et low temperatures.No relation between the properties of the fat and the thermal death point was discovered, though the temperature of rearing had an effect.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFettstoffwechsel und Temperaturanpassung bei der Fliege Phormia terraenovae R.‐D.Larven der Fliege Phormia terraenovae R.‐D. ‐wurden im Insektarium bei annähernd 18° C gezogen und mit folgenden Nährstoffen gefüttert: Hefe/Milch, Schweine‐, Hammel‐, Rindfleisch, Hering.Wenn die Larven völlig erwachsen waren, wurden sie getötet und analysiert. Die Larven wiesen nach allen Ernährungsformen ähnliche Zusammensetzung auf, mit Ausnahme der Jodzahl des Fettkörpers. Diese variierte folgendermaßen: Milch‐Hefe‐Diät = 62, Schwein = 70, Hammel = 71, Rind = 69, Hering = 90. Die Unterschiede zwischen mit Schwein, Hammel und Rind ernäbrten Larven waren nicht signifikant, die anderen Differenzen jedoch stark signifikant.Die Unterschiede zwischen den Jodzahlen der Fette in den verschiedenen Nährstoffen waren größer als diejenigen, die in den mit ihnen gefütterten Larven gefunden wurden (Milch‐Hefe = 30, Schwein = 60, Hering = 130).Mit Hammelfleisch bei 35° C ernährte Larven enthielten Fett mit einer Jodzahl von 64 (gegenüber 71 bei den unter 18° C gehaltenen).Der thermale Todespunkt war für alle bei 18° C gezüchteten Larven unabhängig von ihrer Ernährung ungefähr der gleiche. Die bei 35° C gehaltenen Larven wiesen einen annähernd um einen Grad höheren Todespunkt auf.Es scheint also wenig oder gar keine Beziehung zwischen der Zusammensetzung des Fettkörpers der Phormia‐Larvea und ihrer Resistenz gegen höhere Temperaturen zu bestehen.
THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF APANTELES ANGALETI MUESEBECK (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: RAO B. R. SUBBA , GOPINATH K. 
Published: April 2011

Temperature and humidity are the two main factors that influence the rate of oviposition and the fecundity of Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck. At 90% relative humidity the same number of eggs is laid at 20, 25, 30 and 35°. Low humidities reduce oviposition.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDER EINFLUSS VON TEMPERATUR UND LUFTFEUCHTIGKEIT AVF DAS VERMEHRUNGSPOTENTIAL VON APANTELES ANGALETI MUESEBECK (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)Tempcratur und Luftfeuchtigkeit sind die beiden Hauptfaktoren, welche die Eiablagerate und Fruchtbarkeit von Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck beeinflussen. Bei 90% relativer Luft‐feuchtigkeit wird bei 20, 25, 30 und 35° C die gleiche Anzahl Eier abgelegt. Niedere Luft‐ feuchtigkeit verringert die Eiablage. Bei der Untersuchung des Lichteinflusses auf die Anzahl der produzierten Eier konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied gefunden werden.