bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of powered and manual toothbrushing on incipient gingival recession
Authors: McCracken Giles I. , Heasman Lynne , Stacey Fiona , Swan Moira , Steen Nick , De Jager Marko , Heasman Peter A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim: To compare clinical effects of manual and powered toothbrushes on sites of localized gingival recession over 12 months. To evaluate patterns and the extent of toothbrush bristle wear.Methods: A longitudinal, single‐blind, randomized, parallel group clinical trial compared the effects of one manual and one powered toothbrush on incipient lesions of localized gingival recession. Toothbrush wear was evaluated concurrently by wear index and wear rating.Results: Sixty patients were recruited and randomized to two groups with 52 (26 per group) attending the final visit at month 12. There were no differences between groups for full‐mouth plaque index, pocket depth or bleeding on probing at baseline and month 12. There were no differences at target sites for clinical attachment level, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, width of keratinized gingiva or maximal height of recession. There were no differences between the wear of the brushes as measured by wear index or wear rating.Conclusion: There was no progression of gingival recession in subjects using either toothbrush over 12 months. There was no difference in the overall wear of the powered and manual toothbrushes over successive 3‐month periods.
Partial least squares path modelling for relations between baseline factors and treatment outcomes in periodontal regeneration
Authors: Tu Yu‐Kang , Gilthorpe Mark S. , D' Aiuto Francesco , Woolston Andrew , Clerehugh Valerie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:Some clinical outcome variables in periodontal research are mathematically coupled, and it is not feasible to include all the mathematically coupled variables in an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis. The simplest solution to this problem is to drop at least one of the mathematically coupled variables. However, this solution is not satisfactory when the mathematically coupled variables have distinctive clinical implications.Material and Methods:Partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to analyse data from a study on guided tissue regeneration. Relationships between characteristics of baseline lesions and treatment outcomes after 1 year were analysed using PLS, and the results were compared with those from OLS regression.Results:PLS analysis suggested that there were multiple dimensions in the characteristics of baseline lesion: vertical dimension was positively associated with probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, whilst horizontal dimension was negatively associated with the outcome. Baseline gingival recession had a negative association with PPD reduction but a small positive one with CAL gain.Conclusion:PLS analysis provides new insights into the relationships between baseline characteristics of infrabony defects and periodontal treatment outcomes. The hypothesis of multiple dimensions in baseline lesions needs to be validated by further analysis of different datasets.
Low prevalence of subgingival viruses in periodontitis patients
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Atkinson Claire , Griffiths Paul , Darbar Ulpee , Rakmanee Thanasak , Suvan Jeanie , Donos Nikos 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: Viruses such as Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been proposed to be periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of herpesvirus DNA in subgingival plaque samples of patients with different forms of periodontitis and in healthy periodontia.Materials and Methods: A total of 140 ethnically mixed (prevalently Caucasian) subjects took part in the study. Sixteen were affected by localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 64 by generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 20 by chronic periodontitis (CP) and 40 were periodontally healthy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to detect HCMV and EBV. Sera were tested for anti‐HCMV and EBV IgG antibodies. PCRs for herpes simplex (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) were performed in subgingival samples from a subset of 20 AgP subjects.Results: HCMV DNA was not detected in any plaque samples. EBV DNA was detected in four LAgP (25%), two GAgP (3%) subjects and four healthy individuals (10%). HSV DNA and VZV DNA were not detected in the subset of studied individuals.Conclusions: This study challenges the previously reported high prevalence of herpesvirus DNA in subgingival samples from periodontitis patients and so questions whether they act as pathogens in such patients.
The gingival biotype assessed by experienced and inexperienced clinicians
Authors: Eghbali Aryan , De Rouck Tim , De Bruyn Hugo , Cosyn Jan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim: A recent cluster analysis has identified three gingival biotypes among 100 periodontally healthy subjects based on different combinations of morphometric data related to maxillary front teeth and surrounding soft tissues. Patients with a thin‐scalloped biotype are considered at risk because they have been associated with a compromised soft tissue response following surgical and/or restorative therapy. Hence, an accurate identification of these high‐risk patients is warranted. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the precision of simple visual inspection as a method to identify the gingival biotype by experienced and inexperienced clinicians.Material and Methods:Fifteen clinicians (five Restorative Dentists, five Periodontists and five Students) were invited to assess the gingival biotype (thin‐scalloped, thick‐flat, thick‐scalloped) of 100 periodontally healthy subjects based on clinical slides. Cluster analysis on these subjects was used as the gold standard and the accuracy in identifying the gingival biotype was determined using percentile agreement and κ statistics. Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability were also calculated.Results:The gingival biotype was accurately identified only in about half of the cases irrespective of the clinician's experience. The thick‐flat biotype was mostly recognized especially by experienced clinicians (70% of the cases). Nearly half of the thin‐scalloped cases were misclassified. The intra‐examiner repeatability was fair to substantial (κ: 0.328–0.670) and the inter‐examiner reproducibility was slight to moderate (κ: 0.127–0.547).Conclusions:Simple visual inspection may not be considered a valuable method to identify the gingival biotype as nearly half of the high‐risk patients are overlooked.
Primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature
Authors: Yang Aparche , Hanley Andrew , Velazquez Elsa F. , Cassarino David S. 
Published: October 2009

Mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may rarely exhibit intracellular mucin production. Extracellular mucin production is an even rarer finding in SCC that is not well documented in the literature. Here, we report six cases of primary cutaneous and mucocutaneous SCC with prominent extracellular stromal mucin deposition and an epithelial spindle cell component. We propose the term ‘yxoid spindle cell SCC’ (MSC SCC) to describe the histologic characteristics of these six cases. We also propose a set of histologic and immunohistochemical findings for distinguishing MSC SCC from primary cutaneous and metastatic spindle cell neoplasms including other sarcomatoid carcinomas, myxoid sarcomas and the spindle cell variant of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). The criteria can also help discern MSC SCC from spindle cell melanomas, which may rarely show a prominent myxoid stroma. Given the small numbers of cases reported to date, the presence of prominent myxoid stroma in primary cutaneous spindle cell SCC has unknown prognostic significance at this time.Yang A, Hanley A, Velazquez EF, Cassarino DS. Primary cutaneous myxoid spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature.
Analyses of amino acid sequences in hypervariable region‐1 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in sera from chimpanzees infected three times with the same HCV strain
Authors: Sugitani M. , Nishimura S. , Mizuno K. , Shikata T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground  To investigate whether or not the same strain of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can twice re‐infect the same chimpanzee, we analyzed nucleic and amino acid sequences in HCV hypervariable region‐1 (HVR1). Two chimpanzees were inoculated, three times each, with the same HCV strain during the 1983–1991. After each inoculation, chimpanzees developed acute hepatitis C, and then recovered.Methods  Using sera, HVR1 cloning and antibody to HVR1 major clone measurement were performed.Results  Clones from the first inoculum were divisible into major and minor types. Clones from the second and third inocula, as well as all post‐inoculation sera, were essentially identical to the major type. Titers of antibody to HVR1 major clone were consistently low in pre‐ and post‐inoculation sera.Conclusions  Both chimpanzees were re‐infected twice with the same strain of HCV. The sequences from the second and third infections were similar to the major sequences in the first inoculum.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: PD‐1 but not CTLA‐4 Blockage Abrogates the Protective Effect of Regulatory T Cells in a Pregnancy Murine Model
Authors: Wafula Paul Ojiambo , Teles Ana , Schumacher Anne , Pohl Kerstin , Yagita Hideo , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Zenclussen Ana Claudia 
Published: October 2009

Problem  Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in fetal protection. They expand during normal pregnancy and protect paternal/fetal antigens from rejection by maternal effector cells. Accordingly, the transfer of Treg obtained from BALB/c‐mated CBA/J females prevents abortion in DBA/2J‐mated animals. The actual mechanism through which Treg mediate their protective effect is still inconclusive. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) and Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) are some of known Treg‐associated molecules; however, their role in Treg‐mediated fetal protection in murine model has not been investigated.Method of study  Treg obtained from normal pregnant animals (NP; CBA/J × BALB/c) on day 14 were adoptively transferred into abortion‐prone mice (AP; CBA/J × DBA/2J) intravenously on day 2 of pregnancy. An amount of 250 μg of either anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐CTLA‐4 mAb were injected intraperitoneally on days 0, 3, 6 and 9 of pregnancy. Controls received Treg + IgG or Treg + PBS. NP or AP treated with PBS served as additional controls.Results  Blocking PD‐1 abrogated the protective effect of Treg, resulting in a higher median abortion rate in comparison with the Treg/isotype‐treated control while CTLA‐4 blockage did not interfere with the protective effect of Treg. This was associated with a diminished number of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A+ cells, previously reported as stimulators of lymphocyte extravasation in preterm labor.Conclusion  Our data suggest PD‐1 as an important mediator in Treg‐induced fetal protection in the CBA/J × DBA/2J murine model.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Pre‐Eclampsia, Placental Abruption and Increased Risk of Atopic Sensitization in Male Adolescent Offspring
Authors: Keski‐Nisula Leea , Heinonen Seppo , Remes Sami , Pekkanen Juha 
Published: October 2009

Problem  The aim of this study was to investigate maternal pre‐eclampsia (PE), placental abruption (PA) and atopy among offspring.Method of study  Obstetric data was recorded from 378 women who were included into the Caesarean delivery birth cohort during 1990–1992. When their children were 15–17 years old skin prick tests (SPTs) and inhalant allergen‐specific (IAS) immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined among offspring.Results  Adolescents whose mothers had either PE or PA at the time of delivery had more atopy and especially more severe atopy as measured by the incidence of SPTs positive for ≥5 allergens (RR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.54–11.92; P < 0.005) and elevated IAS IgE levels (≥1.0 kU/L) (RR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.08–16.99; P < 0.039). This increased risk was particularly observed in male adolescents.Conclusion  Maternal PE and PA were associated with an increased risk of severe atopy, especially in male adolescent offspring.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: An Interleukin‐23 Binding Protein in Mid‐Trimester Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Herway Catherine , Bongiovanni Ann Marie , Skupski Daniel , Witkin Steven S. 
Published: October 2009

Problem  The binding of mid‐trimester amniotic fluid to cytokines was evaluated.Method of study  Purified tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐23 were incubated with amniotic fluid from 25 women undergoing a mid‐trimester amniocentesis, or with bovine serum albumin or saline, and cytokine binding to monoclonal antibodies was quantitated by ELISA. Aliquots of amniotic fluid were heated to 95°C for 15 min and then retested for IL‐23 binding. The effect of amniotic fluid dilution on IL‐23 quantitation was evaluated.Results  All amniotic fluids had a negligible effect on TNF‐α, IL‐10, and IL‐12 detection. In marked contrast, pre‐incubation with amniotic fluid from each subject reduced the subsequent ability to detect IL‐23 by >50%. The extent of inhibition was directly proportional to the amniotic fluid dilution and was markedly reduced following heating at 95°C for 15 min. Amniotic fluids from White, Black, Asian, East Indian, and Hispanic women were equally effective.Conclusion  Interleukin‐23 and IL‐12 share a common p40 subunit and no inhibition of IL‐12 was apparent. It appeared that a component of mid‐trimester amniotic fluid specifically interacts with the p19 subunit unique to IL‐23. Mid‐trimester amniotic fluid reactivity with IL‐23 may be a mechanism to limit intra‐amniotic neutrophil‐derived inflammation.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Live Birth Rate According to Maternal Age and Previous Number of Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Kitaori Tamao , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Obayashi Shintaro , Suzuki Sadao 
Published: October 2009

Problem  In Japan, marital age and women’s age at the first pregnancy are continuing to increase year by year. However, information concerning subsequent live birth rate according to maternal age and number of previous recurrent miscarriages is limited.Method of study  We studied a total of 1250 unexplained patients suffering two or more consecutive miscarriages. We examined the live birth rate at the first pregnancy and the cumulative success rate for birth of at least one child after examination.Results  The live birth rate of women in their 40s was 58.1%, which was similar to that of women who were 35–39 years old (58.4%) at the first pregnancy, as found after examination. From logistic regression, women’s age and the number of previous miscarriages independently decreased the live birth rate in subsequent pregnancies (ps) as well as cumulative pregnancies (pc), as follows:
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Conclusion  The information concerning the live birth rate can be given to each patient before subsequent pregnancy.
THE BORDER CROSSED US: EDUCATION, HOSPITALITY POLITICS, AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE “ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT”
Authors: Carlson Dennis 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this essay, Dennis Carlson explores some of the implications of Derrida's “hospitality politics” in helping articulate a progressive response to a rightist cultural politics in the United States of policing national, linguistic, and other borders. He applies the concept of hospitality politics to a critical analysis of the social construction of the “problem” of “illegal immigrants” in U.S. public schools. This entails a discussion of three interrelated discourses and practices of hospitality: a universalistic discourse of philosophical and religious principles, a legalistic‐juridical discourse, and a discourse and practice grounded in the ethos of everyday life. Derrida suggested that a democratic cultural politics must interweave these three discourses and also recognize the limitations of each of them. Moreover, a democratic cultural politics must be most firmly rooted in the praxis of ethos, and in the ethical claims of openness to the other.
A Clinical Review of Infected Wound Treatment with Vacuum Assisted Closure® (V.A.C.®) Therapy: Experience and Case Series
Authors: Gabriel Allen , Shores Jaimie , Bernstein Brent , De Leon Jean , Kamepalli Ravi , Wolvos Tom , Baharestani Mona M , Gupta Subhas 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTOver the last decade Vacuum Assisted Closure® (KCI Licensing, Inc., San Antonio, TX) has been established as an effective wound care modality for managing complex acute and chronic wounds. The therapy has been widely adopted by many institutions to treat a variety of wound types. Increasingly, the therapy is being used to manage infected and critically colonized, difficult‐to‐treat wounds. This growing interest coupled with practitioner uncertainty in using the therapy in the presence of infection prompted the convening of an interprofessional expert advisory panel to determine appropriate use of the different modalities of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as delivered by V.A.C.® Therapy and V.A.C. Instill® with either GranuFoam™ or GranuFoam Silver™ Dressings. The panel reviewed infected wound treatment methods within the context of evidence‐based medicine coupled with experiential insight using V.A.C.® Therapy Systems to manage a variety of infected wounds. The primary objectives of the panel were 1) to exchange state‐of‐practice evidence, 2) to review and evaluate the strength of existing data, and 3) to develop practice recommendations based on published evidence and clinical experience regarding use of the V.A.C.® Therapy Systems in infected wounds. These recommendations are meant to identify which infected wounds will benefit from the most appropriate V.A.C.® Therapy System modality and provide an infected wound treatment algorithm that may lead to a better understanding of optimal treatment strategies.
Endodontic management of a fused mandibular third molar and distomolar: A case report
Authors: Zeylabi Ali , Shirani Farzaneh , Heidari Fatemeh , Farhad Ali Reza 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCareful management of fused teeth is essential as abnormal morphology can predispose a tooth to caries and periodontal disease. In this paper, a rare case of successful endodontic management of unilateral mandibular third molar fused to a distomolar is reported. Caries was removed from the tooth complex under local anaesthesia. The pulp chambers of the third molar and supernumerary tooth were accessed and the root canals were prepared using rotary instrumentation and copious irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Obturation using the lateral condensation technique with gutta‐percha and AH26 sealer was subsequently performed. A 1‐year recall showed a good treatment result.
The impact of climate change on reservoir water quality and water treatment plant operations: a UK case study
Authors: Thorne O. , Fenner R. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA simplified climate change impact assessment tool (SCIAT) has been developed to address the specific needs of the water industry and provides a tool to translate climate change projections into ‘real world’ impacts. Its application is demonstrated in this study to assess the impacts of climate change on the reservoir water quality and water treatment plant (WTP) operations at Grafham Water in the east of England. The primary aim is to provide WTP operators with knowledge of the potential impacts and associated probabilities of occurrence of climate change, enabling them to make informed, risk‐based adaptation and planning decisions. Using a series of coupled hydrological and water‐quality models, it is likely that there will be a decline in average reservoir water quality. Climate change will also have an impact on WTP operations, but these will be manageable within the current operational parameters.
Effect of irrigation water benefit on energy production in a multiple reservoir system: the Munzur River Basin in Turkey
Authors: Opan M. , Temiz T. , Öner A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this study, a water resource system with multi‐objective and multiple reservoirs is formulated mathematically. An optimization model for long‐term planning, taking into consideration irrigation water and firm power in the parametric variable approach, is established using this system. The optimization technique of dynamic programming with successive approximations (DPSA) is used in the optimization process. In the optimization model, firstly, by using the monthly means inflow data of the drought period and changing irrigation water parametrically, firm power values are maximized. Then, in the same model, the total energy of the system is maximized by using the firm power values obtained as a parametric constant and the data of the monthly average flow. The model is applied to a water resource system with multiple reservoirs and multi‐objectives in the Munzur River Basin, Turkey. The results are evaluated with regard to irrigation water, energy production and total benefits.
A role for the volume regulated anion channel in volume regulation in the murine CNS cell line, CAD
Authors: Harvey V. L. , Saul M. W. , Garner C. , McDonald R. L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  The role of the volume regulated anion channel (VRAC) in a model CNS neuronal cell line, CAD, was investigated.Methods:  Changes in cell volume following hypotonic challenges were measured using a video‐imaging technique. The effect of the Cl− channel antagonists tamoxifen (10 μm) and 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid (DIDS; 100 μm) on regulatory volume decrease (RVD) were measured. The whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique was used to characterize IClswell, the current underlying the VRAC.Results:  Using the video‐imaging technique, CAD cells were found to swell and subsequently exhibit RVD when subjected to a sustained hypotonic challenge from 300 mOsmol kg−1 H2O to 210 mOsmol kg−1 H2O. In the presence of tamoxifen (10 μm) or DIDS (100 μm) RVD was abolished, suggesting a role for the VRAC. A hypotonic solution (230 mOsmol kg−1 H2O) evoked IClswell, an outwardly rectifying current displaying time‐independent activation, which reversed upon return to isotonic conditions. The reversal potential (Erev) for IClswell was −14.7 ± 1.4 mV, similar to the theoretical Erev for a selective Cl− conductance. IClswell was inhibited in the presence of DIDS (100 μm) and tamoxifen (10 μm), the DIDS inhibition being voltage dependent.Conclusions:  Osmotic swelling elicits an outwardly rectifying Cl− conductance in CAD cells. The IClswell observed in these cells is similar to that observed in other cells, and is likely to provide a pathway for the loss of Cl− which leads to water loss and RVD. As ischaemia, brain trauma, hypoxia and other brain pathologies can cause cell swelling, CAD cells represent a model cell line for the study of neuronal cell volume regulation.