bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glaciers and why they surge
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Researchers studying southern Alaska's Variegated Glacier believe they have found an explanation for why the 24‐km‐long ice mass, like other "surging" glaciers, periodically speeds up in its movement down valley. The surges, they propose, have to do with increases in water pressure beneath the glacier— the result of inhibited drainage at the base of the ice—that cause it to become more slippery and to flow faster.The Variegated Glacier, located northwest of Juneau near the village of Yakutat, is small among surging glaciers, but it has been one of the most extensively studied in this century. Every 18–20 years, it begins to accelerate its flow rate. The last time such a surge began was in January 1982. The glacier reached a peak velocity of 9 m per day by summertime, then returned to near normal flow rates of 1–2 m per day by early fall. It started up again in November 1982, however, and by the next spring was speeding along at 54 m per day. Then, in early July 1983, the surge stopped abruptly when large amounts of water drained out of the glacier.
June streamflow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Flows of the nation's key index gauging streams were at average to well‐above average levels for June across much of the country, according to a regular check on the condition of the nation's water resources by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).USGS hydrologists said that of the 170 key index gauging stations nationwide, flows at 66 sites (39%) were well above average for June, 85 sites (50%) were in the normal range, and only 19 sites (11%) were well below average.
Milky way gas
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An enormous arc of hot gas protruding from the center of our galaxy has been discovered by astronomers near the center of the Milky Way. The existence of the arc could mean that stars are not being formed there at the high rate previously assumed. This assumption had been made because of the intense radio emissions rising there.Discovered using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, the structure resembles a solar prominence, which is a great streamer or column of glowing gas that often rises to great heights at enormous velocities about the sun's surface. The arc is 150 light years long and 30,000 light years from the earth.
July streamflows
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Flows of most of the nation's key index streams were average to well above average in the first full month of summer, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior.A USGS network of 173 index gauging stations provided the regular month‐end check of the status of streamflow conditions across the country. During July, flows at 83 sites (48%) were well above average, that is, in the upper 25% of long‐term record. Seventy‐one stations (41%) were in the normal range. Only 19 stations (about 11%) were in the lowest 25% of record.
1984 Horton Research Grant Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The recipient of the 1984 Horton Research Grant Award is Javier F. Samper. Samper is a graduate student in the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources at the University of Arizona‐Tucson. The title of his research project is “A Methodology for the Combined Analysis of Hydrological, Hydrochemical, and Isotopic Data From Aquifers.” His research advisor is Shlomo Neuman.The objectives of his research are (1) to develop theoretical and computational tools for the spatial and statistical characterization of hydrochemical and isotopic data from aquifers and (2) to develop statistically based mathematical models incorporating hydrologic, chemical, and isotopic data to yield improved estimates of hydraulic and transport parameters as well as groundwater ages. Samper hopes to develop a workable mathematical framework which will allow a coordinated study of many types of hydrogeologic data, including hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic data. Such a systematically and mathematically based method of combined analysis for hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic environmental data is needed to develop a better conceptual understanding of the hydrogeology of any given area and to construct more reliable mathematical models for managing groundwater supply and quality.
Melting diamonds
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

For the first time, scientists have documented the direct melting of diamond, the hardest known substance. The evidence may help confirm theories that carbon is in a liquid state at the high pressures and temperatures of the earth's mantle. Evidence of melting had been discovered previously only when graphite was used as the starting material.Four geologists at Cornell University were conducting mineralogy experiments in which temperature and pressure conditions of the earth's interior are simulated using a yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (YAG) laser as a heat source and a diamond anvil cell, capable of generating pressures greater than 450,000 times atmospheric pressure at sea level, containing a mixture of potassium bromide and graphite. During the course of the research last February, the laser was inadvertently run at a higher power density than planned and caused damage to the face of the diamond anvil.
Land and seabed deformation
Authors: Robb David W. 
Published: October 2011

The development of techniques to monitor undersea and ground surface deformation and sea level changes will be highlighted at a session of invited geodesy papers at the AGU Fall Meeting, to be held in San Francisco, Calif., December 3–7 , 1984.The oceans conceal the earth's largest sudden deformation events. Subduction earthquakes at great plate boundaries produce 10–20‐m motions of the crust near offshore trenches. Inflation of undersea volcanoes and the spreading of midocean rifts also produce large changes that may go unnoticed. The great tsunami‐generating earthquakes may be associated with unusually large vertical movements of the seabed; these earthquakes also may cause vast undersea landslides. Technologies to predict these large movements have potential for improving earthquake prediction, tsunami warning, and prediction of volcanic eruptions. Fred Speiss, chief editor of a recent National Academy of Sciences book on undersea deformation, will chair this session.
Atlantic hot vent discoveries
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

By using the chemical concentration of water as a key to location, scientists from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and several U.S. universities have identified three new Atlantic Ocean sites of mineral‐rich hot vents. This discovery brings the total number of known Atlantic Ocean vent sites to four.These Atlantic Ocean discoveries lead scientists to speculate that venting sites may be as prevalent in the Atlantic as they are in the Pacific. According to Peter Rona of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory in Miami, Fla., hot seabed vents were thought to occur primarily at fast spreading undersea ridges, such as those that exist in the Pacific Ocean, but not at the relatively slow spreading ridges, such as those found in the Atlantic.
Transpacific section planned
Authors: Swift James 
Published: October 2011

A transpacific section across the subpolar gyre near latitude 47°N is planned for September–October 1985. This complements the 24.5°N section planned for March–May 1985. The purpose of the expedition is to determine the western boundary current structure, to determine the meridional flow in the region of the Emperor Seamounts, to measure the transport of heat by ocean currents, to determine the net transport of water masses and estimate the meridional general circulation of the north Pacific, and to improve the mapping of tracer distributions in the deep north Pacific.Approximately 110 surface‐to‐bottom conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) rosette stations across the width of the ocean will be occupied, with maximum station spacing of 80 km over abyssal plains, closing to 30–50 km over rough topography and boundaries. Water samples will be collected and analyzed on board for salinity, oxygen, and nutrients.
BASS '84
Authors: Jones Ian S. F. 
Published: October 2011

The Bass Strait, the semienclosed continental shelf that separates Tasmania from mainland Australia, is an area of oceanographic interest because it is a boundary between the South Indian Ocean and the Tasman Sea. Its location in the “roaring forties” also provides an unusual opportunity to study large storm events, which occur in the strait with sufficient frequency to make the problem of being present during a storm a relatively simple matter.A number of research scientists interested in the dynamics of water movements, the resulting sediment transport, and the atmospheric forcing of the Bass Strait met at Flinders Universtiy, South Australia, in February 1983 to discuss plans to learn more about the strait. An integrated view of these research plans was presented to attendees of the Australian Physical Oceanography Conference under the project name BASS '84.
Land Subsidence International Symposium held in Venice
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Third International Symposium on Land Subsidence was held March 18–25, 1984, in Venice, Italy. Sponsors were the Ground‐Water Commission of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Italian National Research Council (CNR), the Italian Regions of Veneto and Emilia‐Romagna, the Italian Municipalities of Venice, Ravenna, and Modena, the Venice Province, and the European Research Office. Cosponsors included the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMFE), and the Association of Geoscientists for International Development (AGID).Organized within the framework of UNESCO's International Hydrological Program, the symposium brought together over 200 international interdisciplinary specialists in the problems of land subsidence due to fluid and mineral withdrawal. Because man's continuing heavy development of groundwater, gas, oil, and minerals is changing the natural regime and thus causing more and more subsiding areas in the world, there had been sufficient new land subsidence occurrence, problems, research, and remedial measures since the 1976 Second International Symposium held in Anaheim, California, to develop a most interesting program of nearly 100 papers from about 30 countries. The program consisted of papers covering case histories of fluid and mineral withdrawal, engineering theory and analysis, karst “sink‐hole”‐type subsidence, subsidence due to dewatering of organic deposits or due to application of water (hydrocompaction), instrumentation, legal, socioeconomic, and environmental effects of land subsidence, and remedial works.
Marginal ice zone
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Preliminary reports from the 1984 Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX 84), said to be the “largest coordinated Arctic experiment conducted in the marginal ice zone,” are now available. Over 200 scientists and technicians, utilizing seven ships, eight remote sensing/meteorological aircraft, and four helicopters, converged on the Arctic last May to study the mesoscale processes responsible for the advance and retreat of the Arctic ice margin.Much of the data collected will be used to answer basic questions such as what factors influence the position, movement, and melting of the ice edge. Modelers will use the data to improve predictions of the motion and behavior of the Arctic marginal ice. Each year the polar ice field can migrate to the north or south as much as 600 km. New surface and boundary conditions can affect weather patterns of the entire northern hemisphere.
Planet discovered outside solar system
Authors: Robb David W. 
Published: October 2011

Astronomers have reported the discovery of a planet orbiting a star outside our solar system, which, if verified, would be the first time that a direct observation has been made. Using a relatively new technique called speckle interferometry, astronomers from the University of Arizona and the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) have identified what they believe to be a planet similar to Jupiter, but with a much larger mass, orbiting the star Van Biesbroeck 8 (VB 8), which is located some 21 light‐years from earth in the Milky Way constellation Ophiuchus. Confirmation of this discovery, says the National Science Foundation, “would climax a centuries‐old quest to find such a body.”Another group of astronomers from the U.S. Naval Observatory, however, says the object orbiting VB 8 cannot be classified as a planet but fits the definition of a Brown Dwarf. According to the Naval Observatory, “Brown Dwarfs are loosely defined as objects too low in mass to be undergoing thermonuclear fusion, and hence cannot be called stars, and yet massive enough to be generating energy on their own.”
Professorship of Geophysics
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Columbia University has established a new professorship of geophysics in its School of Engineering and Applied Science. The Maurice Ewing and J. Lamar Worzel Professorship of Geophysics has been established with an endowment of $1 million. Palisades Geophysical Institute, Inc., a nonprofit research group based in West Nyack, N.Y., provided a gift of $500,000.The late Maurice Ewing, who died in 1974, was the founder of Columbia's Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory. J. Lamar Worzel, a long‐time colleague of Ewing, is now president of the Palisades Geophysical Institute.
Science Coalition
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Coalition of Science and Technology (NCST) has elected S. Thomas Moser, of the international accounting firm Peat Marwick, to their board of advisors. Moser is the national director of Marwick's high‐technology practice.NCST, based in Washington, D.C., is a broad‐based science and technology advocacy organization that seeks to bridge the political interests of the scientific and academic research community with the business community.
Report from Hydrology Section President
Authors: Freeze R. Allan 
Published: October 2011

The response to the Hydrology Section questionnaire that appeared in Eos earlier this fall (September 11, 1984, p. 690) was very gratifying. More than 100 members took the time to send in a completed copy. There were few harsh complaints but lots of constructive suggestions. Many people volunteered to play an increased role in AGU activities.More than 50 topics were suggested as possible subjects for technical sessions at annual meetings or for Chapman conferences. A summary list of these topics has been sent to each of the technical committee chairmen and to the program chairman for the Spring and Fall Meetings.
Plutonian Moon confirmed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In late February, two separate observations confirmed the 1978 discovery by U.S. Naval Observatory scientist James W. Christy of a moon orbiting the planet Pluto. According to the U.S. Naval Observatory, these two observations were needed before the International Astronomical Society (IAS) would officially recognize the discovery.Two types of observations of the moon, which was named Charon after the ferryman in Greek mythology who carried the dead to Pluto's realm, were needed for confirmation: a transit, in which the moon passes in front of Pluto, and an occultation, in which the moon passes behind the planet. These two phenomena occur only during an 8‐year period every 124 years that had been calculated to take place during 1984–1985. Both events were observed in late February.
Recent Ph.D's
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:

the dissertation title
author's name
name of the degree‐granting department and institution
faculty advisor
month and year degree was awarded
.If possible, include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
X ray astrophysics investigations
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Key scientific investigations selected for the proposed Advanced X Ray Astrophysics Observatory (AXAF), which will make detailed observations of X ray emissions from such sources as stars and quasars, were announced recently by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).Investigations selected include charged coupled device imaging spectroscopy, high throughput transmission grating for cosmic X ray spectroscopy, the coronal structures of selected cool stars and close binary systems, studies of radio jets and the narrow line regions of active galaxies with AXAF, and cooling flows in clusters and galaxies.
Nomination sought for VGP Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Nominations are being sought for the 1985 VGP Award, which will be presented at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco.The award is given for a single outstanding contribution to volcanology, geochemistry, or petrology made during the preceding 5 years. The contribution may be a single outstanding paper published in any journal; a series of papers that, taken together, are an outstanding contribution; or any other contribution that the Selection Committee considers worthy.
Transport phenomena in porous media
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A NATO Advanced Study Institute on Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media will be held July 14–23, 1985, in Newark, Del.Directors of the institute are Jacob Bear, Department of Civil Engineering, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, and M. Yavuz Corapciogiu, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark.
April streamflow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Record or near‐record low streamflows— including some of the lowest April flows in nearly 50 years of record—were reported all along the East Coast from Maine to Florida during April, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In contrast, well above average flows for the month were reported on many streams in the Midwest, Far West, and Rocky Mountain states.USGS hydrologists said 36% (60 stations) of the key index stream‐gaging stations, almost all of them along the East Coast, reported streamflow in the well below normal range— within the lowest 25% of historic record. Of the remaining stations, 41% (67 stations) reported flows in the normal range, while 23% (37 stations), mostly in the West and Far West, reported well above normal flows.
Japan signs Ocean Agreement
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Research Institute of the University of Tokyo and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation in the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The agreement calls for Japanese participation in ODP and an annual contribution of $2.5 million in U.S. currency for the project's 9 remaining years, according to NSF.ODP is an international project whose mission is to learn more about the formation and development of the earth through the collection and examination of core samples from beneath the ocean. The program uses the drillship JOIDES Resolution, which is equipped with laboratories and computer facilities. The Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES), an international group of scientists, provides overall science planning and program advice regarding ODP's science goals and objectives.
May streamflow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Streamflows across the country during May continued to be generally below normal east of the Mississippi River, with record low flows in parts of New York, but flows were generally average to well above average west of the Mississippi, especially in the Southwest, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).As a general indication of streamflows in the nation, the combined flow of the three largest rivers in the lower 48 states—Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia—was 934 billion gallons per day (bgd) during May, 9% below that for the previous month and 5% below the long‐term May average. These three rivers account for streamflow runoff from more than half of the conterminous United States and provide the USGS with a useful check on the status of the nation's surface water resources.
Abiogenic methane: Evidence sought
Authors: Katzoff Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

Thomas Gold, longtime advocate of the notion that the earth holds vast stores of methane and other hydrocarbons that are derived from nonliving, or “abiogenic,” sources, thinks that strong evidence for his ideas will be found at a well to be drilled in Sweden this fall.The Cornell University researcher told fellow scientists at the recent American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting that he hopes that the findings will support his argument that abiogenic methane has been trapped in the earth's mantle since the creation of the planet (Eos, August 11, 1981, p. 618).
Johannes Theodoor Thijsse 1893–1984
Authors: Ploeg Jozinus 
Published: October 2011

On April 30, 1984, Professor Doctor Engineer J.T. Thijsse, professor emeritus of the Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, passed away at the age of 91.Johannes T. Thijsse was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 1893, the son of a well‐known Dutch biologist. He graduated from the Delft University of Technology in 1917 with a degree in civil engineering. In 1927, he became the first director of the newly formed Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, a function he continued until 1960. In 1936, Thijsse received a lectureship in hydraulics at the Delft University, to be followed in 1938 by his appointment as Professor Extraordinary and in 1946 as ordinary professor.
Largest known galaxy system
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An association of galaxies more than one billion light years in length was identified recently by Jack O. Burns and David J. Batuski of the University of New Mexico. This “filament” is now the largest known structure in the universe.The new finding lends support to the model, first proposed in the 1970's, that galaxies formed from the fragmentation of supercluster‐sized clouds of gas, instead of the superclusters having formed from the aggregation of individual galaxies. According to Burns, the filament that they have found is too large to have formed from the clustering of galaxies in the 10–15 billion years believed to have passed since the creation of the universe.
Sea Cliffs, Beaches, and Coastal Valleys of San Diego County
Authors: White Kenneth L. 
Published: October 2011

For anyone interested in coasts and coastal processes, this book is a must. The 80 years of comparative photography of the San Diego County coast alone makes the book worthwhile reading.There are two major themes of this small volume. The first, and best presented, is the episodic nature of erosion along a high‐energy coast. This portion of the southern California coast has been observed by one of the authors for many years. A large portion of the historical photos were taken by Shepard, and the exact sites have been recently revisited and rephotographed. The comparisons are striking.