bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fast, Simple, and Reliable Method to Predict Pasta Yellowness
Authors: Fu B. X. , Schlichting L. , Pozniak C. J. , Singh A. K. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPasta yellowness depends on the semolina carotenoid content, carotenoid degradation by lipoxygenase (LOX), and pasta processing conditions. In breeding programs, early generation lines are selected for high grain yellow pigment content with the intent to improve pasta color. This approach has been successful in increasing the grain yellow pigment of Canadian durum wheat in the last few decades. In recent years, however, a weak relationship between pasta yellowness (b*) as measured by a Minolta spectrophotometer and semolina yellow pigment content (r = 0.19–0.52) was noted in the Canadian durum wheat lines. Thus, total semolina yellow pigment content cannot effectively predict the yellowness of its pasta product. Therefore, a fast and simple method was developed to predict pasta yellowness by measuring semolina dough sheet color at different time intervals after sheeting (0.5, 2.0, and 24 hr). Spaghettis were processed from the semolina samples at two drying temperature cycles (70 and 90°C). There were significant correlations between dough sheet b* values at all three times and spaghetti b* values at both drying temperatures (r = 0.87–0.94). Semolina dough sheet can be easily prepared in 15 min and requires only 30 g of material. Shortly after sheeting (30 min), dough sheet b* values can be used to predict pasta yellowness without producing the end product (involving mixing, extrusion, and drying). In this study, we also found that dough sheet b* values increased significantly with time over the sampling intervals after sheeting for those breeding lines with superior pasta color. DNA analysis revealed that all those lines lacked the Lpx‐B1.1 duplication.
First Report of Sclerotinia Rot on Blueberry Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Argentina
Authors: Perez B. A. , Farinon O. M. , Berretta M. F. 
Published: March 2011

In October 2007, blighted shoots were observed on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. O'Neal) plants in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Isolations from surface-disinfested shoots onto carrot agar and Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer Agar (SNA) consistently yielded white colonies that produced black sclerotia, mainly near the edge of the culture plates, after 7 days. Sclerotia were transferred to SNA tubes and kept at 5°C for several months. The germination of sclerotia produced numerous 6 mm long initials, stipitate pale brown cup-shaped apothecia (10 × 6 mm) with eight-spored asci (137 × 7 μm) at 18°C and continuous light conditions. Asci with uniseriate ascospores were cylindrical and narrow at the base. Ascospores (11 to 12 × 4 μm) were hyaline, unicellular, smooth, and ellipsoid. This isolated fungus was morphologically identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (2,3). The isolate was deposited in the IMYZA Microbial Collection as INTA-IMC 87. Mycelium was cultured in 100 ml of Czapek's-Dox medium, supplemented with sucrose, peptone, yeast extract, sodium nitrate, and vitamins (1), for 3 days and fungal DNA was obtained using a DNA extraction kit. ITS1 and ITS2 of ribosomal genes were amplified by PCR using universal primers (4) and the PCR product was sequenced. A BLAST algorithm search revealed 100% identity of the sequence with 12 GenBank entries for S. sclerotiorum. The nucleotide sequence was deposited in the GenBank with Accession No. JF277567. Pathogenicity testing was achieved by placing detached leaves of cvs. Emerald, Misty, and Start on water agar (WA) plates, inoculating with 9-mm2 mycelial blocks, and incubating at 20°C with 12 h of light. Young shoots of highbush blueberry, Misty and O'Neal, were inoculated by the cut shoot method with micropipette tips filled with mycelium and kept under greenhouse conditions at 24°C and 14 h of light. On control plants, WA blocks or WA-filled micropipette tips were used. Leaf blight was observed after 5 to 6 days and sclerotia appeared after 7 days on inoculated tissues. Shoot blight was recorded on inoculated plants after 5 days. The fungus was reisolated from inoculated tissues, with no symptoms showing on controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sclerotinia rot caused by S. sclerotiorum in blueberry in Argentina. References: (1) J.F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Hoboken, NJ, 2006. (2). J. E. M. Mourde and P. Holliday. No. 513 in: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976. (3) S. Umemoto et al. Gen. Plant Pathol. 73:290, 2007. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
First Report of Passalora Leaf Spot Caused by Passalora bougainvilleae on Bougainvillea in Mexico
Authors: Ayala-Escobar V. , Santiago-Santiago V. , Madariaga-Navarrete A. , Castañeda-Vildozola A. , Nava-Diaz C. 
Published: March 2011

Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd) growing in 28 gardens during 2009 showed 100% disease incidence and 3 to 7% disease severity. Bougainvilleas with white flowers were the most affected. Symptoms consisted of light brown spots with dark brown margins visible on adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaves. Spots were circular, 2 to 7 mm in diameter, often surrounded by a chlorotic halo, and delimited by major leaf veins. Single-spore cultures were incubated at 24°C under near UV light for 7 days to obtain conidia. Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying a conidial suspension (1 × 104 spores/ml) on leaves of potted bougainvillea plants (white, red, yellow, and purple flowers), incubating the plants in a dew chamber for 48 h and maintaining them in a greenhouse (20 to 24°C). Identical symptoms to those observed at the residential gardens appeared on inoculated plants after 45 to 60 days. The fungus was reisolated from inoculated plants that showed typical symptoms. No symptoms developed on control plants treated with sterile distilled water. The fungus produced distinct stromata that were dark brown, spherical to irregular, and 20 to 24 μm in diameter. Conidiophores were simple, born from the stromata, loose to dense fascicles, brown, straight to curved, not branched, zero to two septate, 14 × 2 μm, with two to four conspicuous and darkened scars. The conidia formed singly, were brown, broad, ellipsoid, obclavate, straight to curved with three to four septa, 40 × 4 μm, and finely verrucous with thick hilum at the end. Fungal DNA from the single-spore cultures was obtained using a commercial DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA); ribosomal DNA was amplified with ITS5 and ITS4 primers and sequenced. The sequence was deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information Database (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ231216 and HQ231217). The symptoms (4), morphological characteristics (1,2,4), and pathogenicity test confirm the identity of the fungus as Passalora bougainvilleae (Muntañola) Castañeda & Braun (= Cercosporidium bougainvilleae Muntañola). This pathogen has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Brunei, China, Cuba, El Salvador, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Thailand, the United States, and Venezuela (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disease on B. spectabilis Willd in Mexico. P. bougainvilleae may become an important disease of bougainvillea plants in tropical and subtropical areas of Mexico. References: (1) U. Braun and R. R. Castañeda. Cryptogam. Bot. 2/3:289, 1991. (2) M. B. Ellis. More Dematiaceous Hypomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976. (3) C. Nakashima et al. Fungal Divers. 26:257, 2007. (4) K. L. Nechet and B. A. Halfeld-Vieira. Acta Amazonica 38:585, 2008.
Proactive improvement of logistics service providers as driver of customer loyalty
Authors: Marcus Wallenburg Carl , Lukassen Peter 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a differentiated view of relationship‐specific proactive improvement of logistics service providers (LSPs) that distinguishes between the cost and performance and the effect that these two dimensions of innovation have on three distinct customer loyalty dimensions (retention, extension, and referrals).Design/methodology/approachA confirmatory empirical study was conducted based on social exchange theory and customer value theory. The survey responses from 298 firms were analysed using structural equation modelling and multi‐group analysis to test for direct effects and moderation.FindingsBoth dimensions of relationship‐specific proactive improvement by LSPs (cost and performance) are strong drivers of all three customer loyalty dimensions and, thus, are important to customer relationship management and relevant areas to be considered within innovation management. The effect on customer loyalty is moderated by the dynamism of the customer's market. Proactive cost improvements are more important under high dynamism, while proactive performance improvements, contrary to initial assumptions, are more important when dynamism is low.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should analyse other cultural settings, differentiate between functional and relationship value provided, consider other services, investigate how LSPs can facilitate proactive improvement and improve innovation management, and explore how customers can foster proactive improvement.Practical implicationsThe currently low level of proactive improvement should be increased if LSPs want to enhance customer loyalty. In doing so, LSPs ought to consider the dynamism of their customers' markets.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to provide a differentiated view on the role of relationship‐specific proactive innovation that distinguishes between cost and performance improvements and illustrates their effects on three distinct customer loyalty dimensions.
Consumer complicity with counterfeit products
Authors: Chaudhry Peggy E. , Stumpf Stephen A. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to guide marketing managers in their efforts to decrease consumer demand for counterfeits of their products by examining the consumer beliefs and attitudes that have been found to support consumer complicity across multiple products, in virtual and physical shopping environments, using several criteria of complicity for each product.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey of 254 students explored two ethical ideologies (idealism and relativism), collectivism, and two attitudes toward counterfeits (ethical concern and perceived quality) with respect to two counterfeit products (movies and pharmaceuticals) and reported respondents' complicity in both a virtual and physical marketplace for each good.FindingsConsumer complicity – a consumer's willingness to obtain, share, or use counterfeit products – was predicted by the consumers' hedonic shopping experience and lack of ethical concern with two different counterfeit products. The effects of ethical ideologies and collectivism on consumer complicity were observed to operate indirectly through hedonic shopping and ethical concern with using counterfeits.Research limitations/implicationsThe primary limitation is the use of a convenience sample of US college students and future research should take the scale items developed in this study and test in multiple country markets.Originality/valueThe paper extends previous research by examining several identified predictors of complicity with different products, across virtual and physical markets, and with multiple criteria incorporating both acquisition, intent to acquire, and willingness to share.
How to use statistics to survive – a personal story
Authors: Sacchetti Luciana , Iannucci Paola , Tosi Simona 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a personal story about the use of statistics to help protect library services at the Library of the Department of Statistics at Bologna University.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the statistics used uncritically by the Centralized Library Services of the University, their inadequacy, and greater utility of the data gathered by the Statistics Library together with those of the University of Ferrara.FindingsThe data gathered by the Statistics Library and those of the University of Ferrara provided a richer and more valid image of their services and their value to the user community, than the limited, somewhat old‐fashioned and simplistic metrics of the Centralized Library Services.Originality/valueThis successful approach helped change the mind of senior library management at a time of retrenchment. It is hoped that it will inspire others to challenge simplistic snapshots of services and strengthen their cases with more representative data.
SB‐656933, a novel CXCR2 selective antagonist, inhibits ex vivo neutrophil activation and ozone‐induced airway inflammation in humans
Authors: Lazaar Aili L. , Sweeney Lisa E. , MacDonald Alexander J. , Alexis Neil E. , Chen Chao , Tal‐Singer Ruth 
Published: March 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Receptor antagonists that block the binding of chemokines such as CXCL8 (IL‐8) are effective in animals models of neutrophil‐mediated inflammation.• It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of neutrophil trafficking and activation may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. A CXCR1/2 receptor antagonist has shown activity in an ozone challenge model in humans.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• SB‐656933, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, is safe and well‐tolerated at single doses and is shown to inhibit agonist (CXCL1)‐mediated expression of the CD11b on peripheral blood neutrophils as well as ozone‐induced airway neutrophilia in healthy subjects.AIMS To determine the safety and tolerability of a novel selective CXCR2 antagonist and assess its pharmacodynamic effects using measures of neutrophil activation and function, including CD11b expression in whole blood and ozone‐induced airway inflammation in healthy subjects.METHODS Flow cytometric determination of ex vivo CXCL1‐induced CD11b expression on peripheral blood neutrophils was performed following single dose oral administration of SB‐656933 (dose range 2–1100 mg). A subsequent randomized study (placebo, 50 mg and 150 mg) was performed to explore the dose–response for ozone‐induced airway inflammation, as measured by sputum biomarkers.RESULTS Oral administration of SB‐656933 resulted in significant inhibition of CXCL1‐induced CD11b expression on peripheral blood neutrophils at single doses greater than or equal to 50 mg. Maximum inhibition (70%) relative to placebo was observed following administration of SB‐656933 400 mg (95% CI 60%, 77%). This was sustained up to a dose of 1100 mg. Single doses of SB‐656933 reduced ozone‐induced airway inflammation in a dose‐dependent manner. Relative to placebo, there were 55% (95% CI 20%, 75%) and 74% (95% CI 55%, 85%) fewer neutrophils in the sputum of subjects after a single dose of 50 mg or 150 mg, respectively. There was a corresponding reduction in myeloperoxidase concentrations in the sputum supernatant of 32.8% (95% CI 9.2, 50.3) and 50.5% (95% CI 33.3, 63.3). SB‐656933 was safe and well‐tolerated at all doses.CONCLUSIONS SB‐656933 is a CXCR2 antagonist that demonstrates dose‐dependent effects on neutrophil activation and recruitment within a well‐tolerated dose range. These data suggest that SB‐656933 may be an effective agent in neutrophil‐predominant diseases.
Standard clinical practice underestimates the role and significance of erythropoietin deficiency in sickle cell disease
Authors: Saraf Santosh , Farooqui Mohammed , Infusino Giovanni , Oza Bharvi , Sidhwani Seema , Gowhari Michel , Vara Stephen , Gao Weihua , Krauz Lani , Lavelle Donald , DeSimone Joseph , Molokie Robert , Saunthararajah Yogen 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn sickle cell disease (SCD), vigorous reticulocytosis is required to partially compensate for chronic hemolytic anaemia. Consequently, early renal damage, insufficient to cause azotemia but sufficient to cause erythropoietin deficiency and chronic relative reticulocytopenia (chRR), could have severe clinical consequences. chRR was defined as reticulocytes <250 × 109/l despite haemoglobin <9 g/dl on ≥ two occasions ≥4 weeks apart. The influence of multiple variables including chRR on time from first clinic visit to death was evaluated in 306 SCD patients. In univariate analyses, fetal haemoglobin, indices of renal damage (serum creatinine, proteinuria), chRR and age, were associated with rate of death. In multivariate analysis, only age and chRR (Hazard ratio 3·6, 95% CI 2·049–6·327, P < 0·0001) were significant, underlining that chRR could be an early and important clinical consequence of renal damage. Even in chRR patients with normal serum creatinine levels, low haemoglobin and low reticulocyte counts were associated with low erythropoietin levels. In the general population, evaluation of erythropoietin levels is prompted by the combination of anaemia and abnormal serum creatinine. In SCD patients, this standard approach can miss a substantial risk factor for early death. chRR could be a practical and important criterion for diagnosis of erythropoietin deficiency in SCD.
Expression of blood group genes by mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Schäfer Richard , Schnaidt Martina , Klaffschenkel Roland A. , Siegel Georg , Schüle Michael , Rädlein Maria Anna , Hermanutz‐Klein Ursula , Ayturan Miriam , Buadze Marine , Gassner Christoph , Danielyan Lusine , Kluba Torsten , Northoff Hinnak , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIncompatible blood group antigens are highly immunogenic and can cause graft rejections. Focusing on distinct carbohydrate‐ and protein‐based membrane structures, defined by blood group antigens, we investigated human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in human serum. The presence of H (CD173), ABO, RhD, RhCE, RhAG, Kell, urea transporter type B (SLC14A1, previously known as JK), and Duffy antigen receptor of chemokines (DARC) was evaluated at the levels of genome, transcriptome and antigen. Fucosyltransferase‐1 (FUT1), RHCE, KEL, SLC14A1 (JK) and DARC mRNA were transcribed in MSCs. FUT1 mRNA transcription was lost during differentiation. The mRNA transcription of SLC14A1 (JK) decreased during chondrogenic differentiation, while that of DARC increased during adipogenic differentiation. All MSCs synthesized SLC14A1 (JK) but no DARC protein. However, none of the protein antigens tested occurred on the surface, indicating a lack of associated protein function in the membrane. As A and B antigens are neither expressed nor adsorbed, concerns of ABO compatibility with human serum supplements during culture are alleviated. The H antigen expression by GD2dim+ MSCs identified two distinct MSC subpopulations and enabled their isolation. We hypothesize that GD2dim+ H+ MSCs retain a better ‘stemness’. Because immunogenic blood group antigens are lacking, they cannot affect MSC engraftment in vivo, which is promising for clinical applications.
Variation in pea aphid population development in three different habitats
Authors: BOMMARCO RICCARDO , EKBOM BARBARA 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.

Seasonal population growth rates for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, were determined in three different host plant habitats; alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L.), clover, Trifolium pratense (L.), and peas, Pisum sativum (L.); over four years and eight places. It was possible to estimate a common intrinsic rate of increase for each host plant habitat.
An analysis of the relative influence of temporal, spatial and host plant habitat variation showed that the host plant habitat was most important in determining the growth rates of the populations, both in rate of build‐up and decline.
Patterns of alate production in the three different habitats differed substantially between the annual peas and the two perennial legumes. During the summer, alate production was large and rapid in peas and remained low and constant in clover and alfalfa
Parasitism was highest in peas. The species composition of parasitoids differed between crops.
Aphids in annual peas had a higher intrinsic rate of increase and a faster rate of decline than in the two perennial legumes. This explains the presence of both migratory and sedentary forms among pea aphids.
A pilot analysis of gut contents in termites from the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve, Cameroon
Authors: SLEAFORD F. , BIGNELL DAVID E. , EGGLETON P. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.

Gut content analysis was carried out on eight species of higher termites representing the four included subfamilies and notional soil‐feeding and wood‐feeding forms. A lower termite species feeding on wood was also examined.
Pooled homogenates equivalent in volume to twenty hindguts of Thoracotermes macrothorax were diluted, stained and scored present/absent in 500 haemacytometer fields for ten content item categories: macerated organic material, lignified tissue, plant tissue fragments, fungal mycelium, arthropod parts, plant roots, safranin +ve, gentian violet +ve, humus and silica. For interspecific comparisons, the occurrence of each category was expressed as a proportion of the total haemacytometer cells examined.
A hierarchical classification of the species, based on gut contents, was prepared using a two‐way indicator species analysis, and suggested the following rank order of species along a hypothetical humification gradient (soil to sound wood): Thoracotermes macrothorax, Astalotermes quietus (both soil‐feeders), Termes hospes, Amalotermes phaecocephalus, Pseudacanthotermes militaris, Microtermes congoensis, Nasutitermes lujae, Microcerotermes parvus, Schedorhinotermes putorius (all notional wood‐feeders). Arthropod parts, silica and humus were identified as indicator factors.
It is proposed that wood‐feeding forms can be subdivided into a group consuming some silica and humus (five species: humified wood‐feeders) and a second group of sound wood‐feeders (two species).
Pianka's equations for diet breadth and diet overlap were also applied to the data. These identified Microtermes congoensis, Schedorhinotermes putorius and Pseudacanthotermes militaris as the most specialized feeders, i.e. that they can extract their nutrients from the least heterogenous substrates.
A new experimental approach to investigate migration in Pieris brassicae L.
Authors: SPIETH HUBERT R. , KASCHUBA‐HOLTGRAVE ANDREAS 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.

It is possible to correlate distinct sequences of flight behaviour in caged females of the migrant butterfly Pieris brassicae with the main flight direction of released individuals of the same stock. The attempts to escape out of the cage point to the same mean direction as the flights of the released butterflies. This provides an experimental tool to investigate some unsolved questions concerning migration behaviour.
This study examines the constancy of the flight direction of a group of butterflies, the specificity of the direction in two populations of different geographical origin, and the frequently reported change in flight direction of subsequent generations.
The results indicate that the main flight direction of a tested group is very constant during 2 days of observation. Different directions have been detected in populations originating from Northern Germany and Southern France, respectively. The preferred directions are discussed as an adaptation to the geographical circumstances. Subsequent generations of the population from Northern Germany also show different directions. The spring generation flies to the north, the autumn generation in the opposite direction. This result corresponds to field observations that in P.brassicae a return flight occurs in subsequent generations of a year.