bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Host Plant on Biology and Life Table Parameters of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Mirmohammadi Shirin , Allahyari Hussein , Nematollahi Mohammad Reza , Saboori Alireza 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a key pest of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., and produces economic damage. Commonly, life table parameters have been used to compare insect fitness on different varieties. Effects of four different varieties of oilseed rape (‘Zarfam’, ‘Licord’, ‘Hyola 401’, and ‘SLM046’) on biological aspects and fecundity life table parameters of B. brassicae were studied under laboratory conditions. There was no significant difference between the length of prereproductive, reproductive, postreproductive periods, and fecundity of aphid developing on different varieties. The maximum length of prereproductive, reproductive, and longevity periods of B. brassicae were observed in the Licord variety. The maximum fecundity of aphid was recorded on Hyola 401. The intrinsic rate of increase was estimated by using Euler-Lotka equation and was compared with those estimated using Wyatt and White's equation. Intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae (based on jackknife method) was 0.298, 0.294, 0.311, and 0.289 on Zarfam, Licord, Hyola 401, and SLM046, respectively. Feeding on SLM046 and Licord reduced the reproductive capacity of the cabbage aphid compared with the other varieties studied. However, statistical analysis of Wyatt and White output showed that calculated rm were higher than that Euler-Lotka equation and there was not significant difference between rm on different varieties. Aphid population growth 20 d after plant infestation showed no significant difference between numbers of produced aphids, but significant difference in the number of winged aphids.
Delayed Larval Development Without Summer Diapause in a Galling Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Tabuchi K , Sano M , Ozaki K 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
To elucidate how galling adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) vary their larval (=galling) periods between species, we compared larval development of Adelges japonicus (Monzen) to that of Adelges pectinatae (Cholodkovsky) on Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carr. (Pinaceae). Although eggs of the two species hatch when new buds begin to burst in spring, A. japonicus has a much longer larval period (≈3 mo) than A. pectinatae (≈1 mo). Larvae of A. pectinatae developed rapidly in every stadium and completed their growth by mid-June. In contrast, larvae of A. japonicus developed slowly through each stadium and became the last instar between early August and early September. There was no instar with particularly long developmental period. Despite the larval period difference, percentage of each instar period differed little between the two species, indicating that the longer larval period in A. japonicus is not caused by summer diapause in a specific instar. Nitrogen contents in galls of the two species were highest at budburst and declined rapidly until late June. A. japonicus larvae stayed as first instar when nitrogen contents in galls were high. In addition, nitrogen contents in galls were always higher for A. japonicus than for A. pectinatae, suggesting that delayed development in A. japonicus larvae is not a result of nutrient limitation, but is a naturally programmed response to pass the summer in larval stage and wait for autumn to become adults. This study is the first to clearly show that insects reduce their development in each stadium to prolong their larval period in summer.
Hypoxia Tolerance in Adult and Larval Cicindela Tiger Beetles Varies by Life History but Not Habitat Association
Authors: Brust Mathew L , Hoback W Wyatt 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Flooding exposes terrestrial organisms to severe hypoxia. Among the best- studied insects that are frequently exposed to flooding are tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) larvae. In previous studies with a limited number of species, a correlation was found between habitat and hypoxia tolerance. In the current study, we examined hypoxia tolerance among third instars of six Cicindela species that vary in habitat association; we also tested adult survival of these species. We found that larvae of the different species survived an average of between 60 and 120 h of submersion in severely hypoxic water at 20°C, with larvae that occur in dry sand having somewhat lower survival times. However, among larvae, there was no correlation between survival times and habitat risk of flooding. We found surprisingly high survival times among adult tiger beetles with a range of 10 h to 46 h. Adult Cicindela formosa formosa Say that are associated with dry sand and are active in the spring and fall survived submersion for &gt;40 h, longer than any previously reported adult terrestrial insect exposed to hypoxia at moderate environmental temperatures. The lengthy survival times of adult tiger beetles are likely a result of adaptations to immersion during periods of inactivity. Our study suggests that additional insect species and life stages should be examined for hypoxia tolerance regardless of perceived threat of immersion.
Relationships Between Adult Abdominal Color and Reproductive Potential in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Wenninger Erik J , Stelinski Lukasz L , Hall David G 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a vector of huanglongbing (citrus greening disease), exhibits three more or less distinct abdominal colors in the adult stage: gray/brown, blue/green, and orange/yellow. A previous report showed that, relative to blue/green individuals, gray/brown individuals of both sexes have lower body mass, and gray/brown females may have lower reproductive output. In the present investigation, we directly examined the relationships between female and male abdominal color and reproductive output. We also assessed how psyllid body mass was influenced by transfer to fresh plant material and how female and male abdominal color affected behavioral responses of males to crushed females in a petri dish assay. Relative to blue/green females, gray/brown females exhibited lower fecundity over the first 2–5 d after mating, but fecundity did not differ over the remainder of a 21-d observation period. Regardless of abdominal color, females mated with gray/brown males showed an earlier, sharper peak in fecundity, whereas females mated with blue/green males showed a later, more gradual peak in fecundity. Gray/brown males elicited lower egg fertility in their mates, but egg fertility did not vary according to female abdominal color. Males—irrespective of abdominal color—exhibited stronger evidence of attraction to crushed blue/ green females than to crushed gray/brown females. Gray/brown individuals of both sexes showed an increase in body mass 5–6 d after transfer to a new citrus seedling, suggesting that abdominal color (which is closely related to body mass) may be influenced at least in part by plant quality.
Sequential Florivory/Saproflorivory of Anaxagorea crassipetala (Annonaceae) by Diathoneura tessellata (Drosophilidae)
Authors: Collier G E , Armstrong J E 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Diathoneura tessellata Duda, 1925 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) uniquely and effectively uses the fleshy tepals of Anaxagorea crassipetala (Annonaceae), a small, understory tree of the primary lowland rain forest of Costa Rica, as a larval substrate and pupation site. This study is the first to document 1) the brood substrate for larvae of this species and the 2) use of flowers in the Annonaceae as a drosophilid larval substrate. Oviposition into the tough, immature flower buds is made possible by an enlarged oviscape. This relationship is unique in that these flowers support two sequential cohorts of larvae, one cohort mining the living tepals of immature and mature flowers and the second cohort consuming the fallen, postanthesis tepals. We refer to this phenomenon as sequential florivory/saproflorivory. The first cohort consists of fewer, larger larvae, whereas the second cohort consists of more numerous, smaller larvae. Both cohorts exhibit a female skewed sex ratio.
Allozyme Variation in Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) From the United States and China
Authors: Sánchez V , Keena M A 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is a major introduced pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière. Hemlock woolly adelgid in the United States is anholocyclic and an obligate parthenogen, because no suitable primary host (on which sexual reproduction occurs in Asia) is reported for this adelgid in the United States. Allozyme analyses were conducted to assess the relatedness between three hemlock woolly adelgid populations in the eastern United States (Connecticut, New Jersey, and Virginia) and to compare them with adelgids from the western United States (Washington) and China. Significant hemlock woolly adelgid allozyme variation was found between nonadjacent trees within a site in the eastern United States. There was a small difference between the two northern and the southern populations despite the relative genetic uniformity between the sites across the allozyme loci evaluated. There were low numbers of protein alleles in the eastern populations, whereas the western and Chinese populations had additional alleles not found in the eastern populations. Both heterozygote excesses and deficits were detected as would be expected in populations that are not randomly mating. There were only a few abundant genotypes and they tended to be more homozygous than the rarer genotypes. The hemlock woolly adelgid population from China that is cyclically parthenogenic was more genetically diverse than the other hemlock woolly adelgid populations that are presumed to be obligately parthenogenic. Allozymes provide some useful information about genetic variation in hemlock woolly adelgid but seem to be less suited to assess actual genetic diversity and structure of populations because of the small size of the hemlock woolly adelgid.
Altered gene expression in the brain and ovaries of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole: Microarray analysis and hypothesis generation
Authors: Villeneuve Daniel L. , Wang Rong-Lin , Bencic David C. , Biales Adam D. , Martinović Dalma , Lazorchak James M. , Toth Gregory , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
As part of a research effort examining system-wide responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in fish to endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) with different modes of action, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 25 or 100 μg/L of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 24, 48, or 96 h. Global transcriptional response in brain and ovarian tissue of fish exposed to 25 μg/L of fadrozole was compared to that in control fish using a commercially available, 22,000-gene oligonucleotide microarray. Transcripts altered in brain were functionally linked to differentiation, development, DNA replication, and cell cycle. Additionally, multiple genes associated with the one-carbon pool by folate pathway (KEGG 00670) were significantly up-regulated. Transcripts altered in ovary were functionally linked to cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and development. Promoter motif analysis identified GATA-binding factor 2, Ikaros 2, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1, myoblast-determining factor, and several heat shock factors as being associated with coexpressed gene clusters that were differentially expressed following exposure to fadrozole. Based on the transcriptional changes observed, it was hypothesized that fadrozole elicits neurodegenerative stress in brain tissue and that fish cope with this stress through proliferation of radial glial cells. Additionally, it was hypothesized that changes of gene expression in the ovary of fadrozole-exposed zebrafish reflect disruption of oocyte maturation and ovulation because of impaired vitellogenesis. These hypotheses and others derived from the microarray results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding responses of the HPG axis to EACs and other chemical stressors.
Great Moderation at the Firm Level? Unconditional vs. Conditional Output Volatility
Authors: Buch Claudia M , Doepke Joerg , Stahn Kerstin 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We test whether there has been a "Great Moderation" of output volatility at the firm level. The multifactor residual model proposed by Pesaran (2006) is used to isolate the idiosyncratic component of firms' sales growth from macroeconomic developments. This methodology is applied to a balanced panel of about 1,200 German firms covering a 35-year period (1971-2005). Our research has three main findings. First, unconditional firm-level volatility and aggregate output volatility have seen similar downward trends. Second, conditional, idiosyncratic firm-level volatility does not exhibit a downward trend. Third, there is a positive link between growth and volatility at the firm level.
The Default-Prone U.S. Toxic Asset Auction Plan
Authors: Zheng Charles Zhoucheng 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Applying auction theory to the toxic-asset rescue plan currently released by the United States Treasury Department, this paper demonstrates an equilibrium where moderately poor bidders outbid rich bidders in such auctions. After defeating their rich rivals and acquiring the toxic assets, such bidders will default on government-provided loans whenever the toxic assets turn out to be unsalvageable. An alternative mechanism is discussed.
Chromosome Y Isodicentrics in two Cases with Ambiguous genitalia and Features of Turner Syndrome
Authors: Lungeanu A , Arghir A , Arps S , Cardos G , Dumitriu N , Budisteanu M , Chirieac S , Rodewald A 
Published: May 2009

Chromosome Y Isodicentrics in two Cases with Ambiguous genitalia and Features of Turner SyndromeKaryotype investigations using classical cytogenetics, fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used for the characterization of Y chromosome structural anomalies found in two patients with ambiguous genitalia and features of Turner syndrome. Both exhibited mosaic karyotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The karyotype was 45, X[90]/ 46, X, idic(Y)(p11.3).ish idic(Y) (wcpY+, DXYS130++,SRY++,DYZ3++,DYZ1++, DYS224++)[10] in one case, and the karyotype was 45, X[65]/46, X, idic(Y) (q11).ish idic(Y)(SRY++, RP11-140H23-)[35] in the other case. Derivative Y chromosomes were different in shape and size and positive for the SRY gene, a common underlying element of ambiguous genitalia phenotypes. These results add new information concerning the role of Y chromosome structural abnormalities in sex determination pathway perturbation which are poorly understood, and highlight the importance of the sex chromosomes integrity for a normal sex phenotype development.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Macedonian Population
Authors: Matevska N , Josifovski T , Kapedanovska A , Sterjev Z , Serafimoska Z , Panovski M , Jankulovski N , Petrusevska N , Angelovska B , Petrusevska G , Suturkova L , Dimovski A 
Published: May 2009

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Macedonian PopulationMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) regulates the flow of folate groups between DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. A common C677T substitution (Ala222Val) in exon 4 of the MTHFR gene has been linked with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To assess this risk in the Macedonian population, we conducted a case-control study of 413 randomly selected CRC patients and 185 controls without a clinical diagnosis of CRC. We found a statistically significant inverse association between the MTHFR T allele (35.35% for the patients and 41.35% for the controls) and the CRC risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.776; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.603-0.997;p= 0.047). The prevalence of the MTHFR T allele is lower in patients with advanced CRC (Duke' s stage C and D) and with microsatellite instable tumors (MSI+), indicating the inverse association with the CRC aggressiveness and MSI status. This effect seems to be independent of gender, age of onset and localization. We concluded that the MTHFR 677T allele is more likely to have a protective effect on CRC development and progression in the Macedonian population.
Volunteerism, Health, and Civic Engagement among Older Adults
Authors: Gottlieb Benjamin H. , Gillespie Alayna A. 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉEn Amérique du Nord, 40 à 50 pour cent des aînés participent activement à titre de bénévoles officiels à la prestation de divers services de santé et de services sociaux. Nous avons passé en revue des études empiriques sur les raisons motivant le bénévolat chez les aînés, ainsi que sur les bienfaits sur le moral et la santé que ces derniers tirent de cette expression d'altruisme. La connaissance de la nature exacte et du nombre d'activités bénévoles nécessaires pour produire ces effets est limitée, et les études n'ont pas encore permis de déterminer les mécanismes behavioristes et psychologiques en cause. Nous proposons que les aînés bénévoles pourraient jouir d'une bonne santé et vivre longtemps parce que, en étant utiles à d'autres, ils ont le sentiment qu'on a besoin d'eux et qu'ils sont appréciés. Nous présentons plusieurs points de vue théoriques sur l'importance du bénévolat au plan du développement personnel, discutons des défis imposés au bénévolat par la génération du baby-boom, et déterminons les priorités futures en matière de recherche.
Dermoid tumors of the spinal cord
Authors: Bailey Ian C. 
Published: May 2009

✓ This is an analysis of 10 cases of dermoid tumor occurring in the spinal canal (8 lumbar and 2 thoracic). Low-back pain was the commonest presenting symptom, especially if the tumor was adherent to the conus medullaris. Other complaints included urinary dysfunction and motor and sensory disturbances of the legs. Clinical and radiological evidence of spina bifida was found in about half of the cases and suggested the diagnosis of a developmental type of tumor when patients presented with progressive spinal cord compression.
At operation, the tumors were often found embedded in the conus medullaris or firmly adherent to the cauda equina, thus precluding complete removal. Evacuation of the cystic contents, however, gave lasting relief of the low-back pain and did not cause any deterioration in neurological function. In a follow-up study, ranging from 1 to 15 years, virtually no improvement in the neurological signs was observed. On the other hand, only one case has deteriorated due to recurrence of tumor growth.
A bacteriological study of craniocerebral missile wounds from Vietnam
Authors: Carey Michael E. , Young Harold , Mathis Jacob L. , Forsythe James 
Published: May 2009

✓ Bacteriological studies were performed on 45 craniocerebral missile wounds incurred in Vietnam within 2 to 4 hours of occurrence. All missiles had penetrated into the brain. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were taken of the skin wound, brain, and indriven bone fragments. Forty-four of the skin wounds were contaminated, predominantly with staphylococcus. Only five brain wounds showed bacterial contamination 2 to 4 hours after wounding, indicating that many missile tracks within the brain are initially sterile. Of the patients who had early debridement, 45% had contaminated bone within the brain; possibly up to 75% of all indriven bone chips were sterile.
The authors draw the following conclusions. Complete brain debridement with removal of all indriven bone is ideal. Accessible retained bone should be removed by reoperation. Multiple reoperations for an inaccessible retained fragment are inadvisable, however, as fatalities or severe neurologic residua may result. An individual indriven bone chip has a small likelihood of bacterial contamination provided initial debridement was done early. This knowledge may justify an expectant policy in certain individuals harboring an inaccessible retained bone fragment. The retained fragment would be removed only if untoward difficulties develop.
Long-term neurological residua in patients surviving brain abscess with surgery
Authors: Carey Michael E. , Chou Shelley N. , French Lyle A. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Long-term neurological sequelae were analyzed in 40 patients (24 adults and 16 children) who survived a brain abscess with surgery. Median follow-up was 6 years. The brain abscesses were secondary to hematogenous spread, sinus and mastoid infections, and trauma. Hemiparesis, seizures, visual defects, and learning problems (in children) were the most common sequelae observed. Abscess location played a significant role in determining sequelae. Only two of 16 patients with frontal polar and temporal lobe abscesses had unsatisfactory long-term results, while eight of 16 individuals with abscesses near the sensorimotor strip were left with permanent unsatisfactory neurological sequelae.
Nineteen of 24 adults (80%) had a satisfactory long-term neurological status, but only 10 of 16 children (63%) had a similar outcome. In adult survivors, hemiparesis and seizures were mild, and emotional changes rare. Children were often severely paretic, had poorly controlled seizures, suffered from personality impairment, and were occasionally totally disabled. If the postoperative neurological condition is used to evaluate various types of surgical therapy for the treatment of brain abscess, then the therapies under study must be matched for patient age and abscess location before treatment comparisons can be made.
Normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Authors: Gilland Olof , Tourtellotte Wallace W. , O'Tauma Lorcan , Henderson William G. 
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors report studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in 31 young normal volunteers. In half, a 22-gauge needle was used, and in the other half a 26-gauge needle. The opening CSF pressure was monitored for 10 minutes and also in some during the CSF withdrawal period and the 10-minute CSF reformation period. Cardiac CSF pulse amplitudes and Queckenstedt responses following the opening pressure-monitoring period were also recorded before and after the fluid withdrawal. The average opening pressure was 14.5 cm of 0.15 M sodium chloride (S.D., 3.7) with the 22-gauge needle, and 15.7 cm (S.D., 3.6) in subjects receiving the 26-gauge needle. In each subject the opening pressure tended to fluctuate around a characteristic individual level; in five perfectly relaxed normal volunteers an average value of 20 cm was observed, with a maximal value of 24 cm. The amplitude of the cardiac pulse had a direct relationship to the individual CSF pressure.
CSF was withdrawn at two different rates; both withdrawal rates generated approximately linear pressure decay curves. When the withdrawal rates were 5 and 1 ml/min, the average decline of pressure at the end of the period was 9.2 and 5.2 cm respectively. The mean CSF pressures increased only slightly during the 10-minute CSF reformation period. The data obtained should help to define whether a young adult patient does indeed have a CSF pressure elevation.