bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominant Expression of CCL2 at the Tumor Site of Prostate Cancer Patients Directs a Selective Loss of Immunological Tolerance to CCL2 That Could Be Amplified in a Beneficial Manner
Authors: Izhak Liat , Wildbaum Gizi , Uri Weinberg , Shaked Yuval , Alami Jennifer , Dumont Daniel , Stein Avi , Karin Nathan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We have previously shown that, during inflammatory autoimmune diseases in humans, the immune system develops a neutralizing auto-Ab–based response to a very limited number of inflammatory mediators, and that amplification of each response could be beneficial for the host. Our working hypothesis has been that this selective breakdown of immunological tolerance is due to a predominant expression of an inflammatory mediator at an immune-restricted site undergoing a destructive process. All three conditions also take place in cancer diseases. In this study, we delineate this hypothesis for the first time in a human cancer disease and then explore its clinical implications. We show that in primary tumor sections of prostate cancer subjects, CCL2 is predominantly expressed at the tumor site over other chemokines that have been associated with tumor development, including: CXCL12, CXCL10, CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL5. Subsequently, the immune response selectivity mounts an Ab-based response to CCL2. These Abs are neutralizing Abs. These findings hold diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The current diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on prostate-specific Ag measurements that do not distinguish benign hypertrophy from malignancy. We show in this study that development of anti-CCL2 Abs is selective to the malignant stage. From a clinically oriented perspective, we show, in an experimental model of the disease, that DNA-based amplification of this response suppresses disease, which has implications for a novel way of therapy in humans.
Iterative adaptive robust control of multivariable CD processes
Authors: Farahmand Fazel , Dumont Guy A. , Loewen Philip 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel adaptive robust control approach to the multivariable cross‐directional (CD) process of continuous web manufacturing. The common assumption of spatial frequency decomposition (SFD) is used to allow the process analysis in terms of a family of single‐input single‐output (SISO) transfer functions across the spatial frequencies. We then apply discretized Windsurfing adaptive robust control to each individual separated spatial frequency, starting with a stable initial model and a robust stabilizing controller at each spatial frequency. This approach allows the 2D bandwidth of the closed‐loop system to be increased progressively at each spatial frequency through an iterative relevant system identification and control design procedure. The method deals with both model uncertainty and measurement noise issues. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of the applied method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive function Q‐S synchronization of chaotic systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Zhao Jiakun , Zhang Kecun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis work investigates the adaptive function Q‐S synchronization of non‐identical chaotic systems with unknown parameters. The sufficient conditions for achieving Q‐S synchronization with a desired scaling function of two different chaotic systems (including different dimensional systems) are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory. By the adaptive control technique, the control laws and the corresponding parameter update laws are proposed such that the Q‐S synchronization of non‐identical chaotic systems is to be achieved. Finally, four illustrative numerical simulations are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel NADH Model: Design, Synthesis, and its Chiral Reduction and Fluorescent Emission
Authors: Wang Nai‐Xing , Zhao Jia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel chiral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) model with C3 symmetry was designed and synthesized. Hydrogens at the C‐4 position of all dihydropyridine rings in the inner part of the bowl could transfer to the substrate with powerful enantioselectivity. This novel C3 symmetrical NADH model is capable of fluorescence emission at 455 nm when excited at 390 nm.
Highly Efficient and Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Arylimines
Authors: Li Wei , Hou Guohua , Chang Mingxin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA catalytic method employing the cationic iridium‐(Sc,Rp)‐DuanPhos [(1R,1′R,2S,2′S)‐2,2′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1H,1′H‐1,1′‐biisophosphindole] complex and BARF {tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate} counterion effectively catalyzes the enantioselective hydrogenation of acyclic N‐arylimines with high turnover numbers (up to 10,000 TON) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee), achieving the practical synthesis of chiral secondary amines.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of (Hetero)Arenes by CH Bond Cleavage
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Vicente Rubén , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe area of transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct arylation through cleavage of CH bonds has undergone rapid development in recent years, and is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional cross‐coupling reactions with organometallic reagents. In particular, palladium and ruthenium catalysts have been described that enable the direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with challenging coupling partners—including electrophilic aryl chlorides and tosylates as well as simple arenes in cross‐dehydrogenative arylations. Furthermore, less expensive copper, iron, and nickel complexes were recently shown to be effective for economically attractive direct arylations.
A multilevel view on interpersonal knowledge transfer
Authors: Kang Minhyung , Kim Young‐Gul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKnowledge transfer among employees is a critical enabler of organizational learning. In this article, the direct and moderating effects of the multilevel (i.e., dyadic and individual levels) antecedents of knowledge transfer are examined based on social network and knowledge management research. By analyzing the survey responses from eight R&D groups of five firms using hierarchical linear modeling, we find that structural equivalence significantly influences interpersonal knowledge transfer at the dyadic level, even when strength of ties is controlled. At the individual level, the knowledge recipient's motivational factors such as group identification and the perceived expertise of colleagues show significant effects on knowledge transfer. Finally, the effect of strength of ties at the dyadic level is more influential when the recipient's group identification is low.
Assessing Systemic Drug Exposure in Repeated Dose Toxicity Studies in the Case of Complete and Incomplete Sampling
Authors: Wolfsegger Martin J. , Jaki Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRepeated dose toxicity studies are performed to characterize the toxicological profile of a test compound following repeated administrations. The findings and interpretations from these systemic exposure studies in animals are essential for designing subsequent studies and evaluating the safety of the test item for humans. Blood samples for assessment of systemic exposure are usually collected on day one and at the end of the study with multiple dosings of the compound in between. Restrictions in blood volume often require an incomplete sampling design, in which each animal contributes sample measurements at some but not all time points. In this manuscript we derive an estimator for the ratio of area under the concentration versus time curves (AUCs), a frequently used measure of exposure to a compound, and a corresponding confidence interval to assess differences in exposure as well as equivalence between first and repeated administration that is applicable in such sparse sampling designs as well as complete data situations. An illustrative example is provided and the statistical properties of the proposed estimator, which incorporates the dependencies of measurements between first and repeated dosings as well as the dependency inherent in repeated sampling for each dosing, is studied asymptotically as well as in simulation.
An accumulative site‐specific gene integration system using cre recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange
Authors: Kameyama Yujiro , Kawabe Yoshinori , Ito Akira , Kamihira Masamichi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Cre‐loxP system is frequently used for site‐specific recombination in animal cells. The equilibrium and specificity of the recombination reaction can be controlled using mutated loxPs. In the present study, we designed an accumulative site‐specific gene integration system using Cre recombinase and mutated loxPs in which the Cre‐mediated cassette exchange reaction is infinitely repeatable for target gene integration into loxP target sites. To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of this system, a series of integration reactions were repeated and confirmed in vitro using Cre recombinase protein and plasmids. Accumulative gene integration was also performed on the genome of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The results indicated that the system was applicable for repeated gene integration of multiple genes to the target sites on both plasmids and CHO cell genomes. This gene integration system provides a novel strategy for gene amplification and for biological analyses of gene function through the genetic modification of cells and organisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1106–1114. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐species nitrifying biofilm model (MSNBM) including free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition and oxygen limitation
Authors: Park Seongjun , Bae Wookeun , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA multi‐species nitrifying biofilm model (MSNBM) is developed to describe nitrite accumulation by simultaneous free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) inhibition, direct pH inhibition, and oxygen limitation in a biofilm. The MSNBM addresses the spatial gradient of pH with biofilm depth and how it induces changes of FA and FNA speciation and inhibition. Simulations using the MSNBM in a completely mixed biofilm reactor show that influent total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration, bulk dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and buffer concentration exert significant control on the suppression of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR), but the pH in the bulk liquid has a weaker influence. Ammonium oxidation increases the nitrite concentration and decreases the pH, which together can increase FNA inhibition of NOB in the biofilm. Thus, a low buffer concentration can accentuate SBNR. DO and influent TAN concentrations are efficient means to enhance DO limitation, which affects NOB more than ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inside the biofilm. With high influent TAN concentration, FA inhibition is dominant at an early phase, but finally DO limitation becomes more important as TAN degradation and biofilm growth proceed. MSNBM results indicate that oxygen depletion and FNA inhibition throughout the biofilm continuously suppress the growth of NOB, which helps achieve SBNR with a lower TAN concentration than in systems without concentration gradients. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1115–1130. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religion, religiosity, and South Korean consumer switching behaviors
Authors: Choi Youngtae 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between religious affiliation and level of religiosity and consumer product‐ and store‐switching behavior among South Korean consumers. Comparisons in switching behavior are reported for three different denominational groups prevalent in South Korea (Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism), non‐religious affiliated respondents, and among persons exhibiting different levels of religiosity. Religious affiliation, including non‐affiliation, was not found to be significantly related to switching behavior. However, consumers reporting high levels of religiosity were found to be significantly less likely to engage in product purchase‐ and store‐switching behaviors than those reporting lower levels of religiosity. Consumers reporting high levels of religiosity are also less likely to engage in product purchase switching behavior than non‐religious affiliated consumers (i.e., no religiosity consumers). This pattern held across denominations. Statistically significant differences in switching behavior were not obtained between consumers reporting low levels of religiosity and those respondents who expressed no religious affiliation.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumption of disposed goods for moral identities: a nexus of organization, place, things and consumers
Authors: Brace‐Govan Jan , Binay Itir 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A complex intersection of a charity organization, a retail space, vintage fashion and the customers were investigated to better understand the effect of the re‐commodification of goods. The convivial retail space attracted customers through the promise of something special and different. Immersed in the space, customers' moral values aligned with a type of consumption that began with disposal. However, these consumers did not belong to a politically motivated collectivity but instead addressed personal moral identity projects. The organization achieved a moral layer to its identity through its interaction with the disposed of garments, but this moral intention was different from the customers. The charity retailer transformed discarded, donated goods through processes of selection and re‐presentation. It was a highly professionalized commercial outlet whose intention was to raise funds and to model ethical business practices. The retail setting was pivotal and extensive observation, visual and interview data were taken at the site. The analysis revealed that the customers espoused a view of anti‐consumption, which encompassed anti‐corporatism. At the centre of this nexus of practices were the garments which were disposed of through donation, re‐commodified by the charity organization for their specialized, immersive retail outlet and then purchased by consumers to address their individualized moral identity projects. It is concluded that all facets contributed to this nexus of disposal practices, although the garments had a significant linking and facilitating role to play, and that further investigation is required.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica‐Supported Silver Nanoparticles with Surface Oxygen Species as a Reusable Catalyst for Alkylation of Arenes
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Miyamoto Yuji , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of silica‐supported silver catalysts with various Ag loading (3–30 wt %) and different treatment (oxidation and subsequent reduction by H2) were prepared, and their local structures were characterized by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. In oxidized catalysts, silver were mainly present as small nanoparticles with surface oxygen atoms, and the number of surface oxygen atoms decreased with increased silver loading. The H2 reduction of these samples resulted in a removal of the surface oxygen atoms. The structure–activity relationship was studied for the alkylation of anisole with benzyl alcohol and styrene. AgI oxide, AgI ion, bulk silver metal, and silica‐supported silver nanoparticles were non‐active species. In contrast, silica‐supported silver nanoparticles with the surface oxygen atoms acted as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the alkylation of arenes with alcohols and styrenes. Kinetic studies in alkylation of anisole with alcohols showed that the cleavage of the α‐CH bond of alcohol was the rate‐limiting step. It is proposed that the surface oxygen adjacent to the silver surface atoms plays an important role in the dissociation of the α‐CH bond.
On further application of r as a metric for validation of QSAR models
Authors: Mitra Indrani , Roy Partha Pratim , Kar Supratik , Ojha Probir Kumar , Roy Kunal 
Published: December 2009

AbstractValidation is a crucial aspect for quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model development. External validation is considered, in general, as the most conclusive proof of predictive capacity of a QSAR model. In the absence of truly external data set, external validation is usually performed on test set compounds, which are members of the original data set but not used in model development exercise. In the case of small data sets, QSAR researchers experience problem in model development due to the fact that the developed models may be less reliable on account of the small number of training set compounds and such models may also show poor external predictability because the models may not have captured all necessary features required for the particular structure–activity relationships. The present paper attempts to show that ‘true r(LOO)’ statistic calculated based on the model derived from the undivided data set with application of variable selection strategy at each cycle of leave‐one‐out (LOO) validation may reflect external validation characteristics of the developed model thus obviating the requirement of splitting of the data set into training and test sets. This approach may be helpful in the case of small data sets as it uses all available data for model development and validation thus making the resulting model more reliable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lanthanide(III) Bis(phthalocyaninato)–[60]Fullerene Dyads: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ballesteros Beatriz , de la Torre Gema , Shearer Axel , Hausmann Anita , Herranz M. Ángeles , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel series of double‐decker lanthanide(III) bis(phthalocyaninato)–C60 dyads [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)]–C60 (M=Sm, Eu, Lu; Pc=phthalocyanine) (1 a–c) have been synthesized from unsymmetrically functionalized heteroleptic sandwich complexes [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)] (Ln=Sm, Eu, Lu) 3 a–c and fulleropyrrolidine carboxylic acid 2. The sandwich complexes 3 a–c were obtained by means of a stepwise procedure from unsymmetrically substituted free‐base phthalocyanine 5, which was first transformed into the monophthalocyaninato intermediate [LnIII(acac)(Pc)] and further reacted with 1,2‐dicyanobenzene in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). 1H NMR spectra of the bis(phthalocyaninato) complexes 3 a–c and dyads 1 a–c were obtained by adding hydrazine hydrate to solutions of the complexes in [D7]DMF, a treatment that converts the free radical double‐deckers into the protonated species, that is, [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)H] and [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)H]–C60. The electronic absorption spectra of 3 a–c and 1 a–c in THF exhibit typical transitions of free‐radical sandwich complexes. In the case of dyads 1 a–c, the spectra display the absorption bands of both constituents, but no evidence of ground‐state interactions could be appreciated. When the UV/Vis spectra of 3 a–c and 1 a–c were recorded in DMF, typical features of the reduced forms were observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies for 3 a–c and 1 a–c were performed in THF. The electrochemical behavior of dyads 1 a–c is almost the exact sum of the behavior of the components, namely the double‐decker [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)] and the C60 fullerene, thus confirming the lack of ground‐state interactions between the electroactive units. Photophysical studies on dyads 1 a–c indicate that only after irradiation at 387 nm, which excites both C60 and [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)] components, a photoinduced electron transfer from the [LnIII(Pc)(Pc′)] to C60 occurs.
A Micellar Multitasking Device: Sensing pH Windows and Gauging the Lipophilicity of Drugs with Fluorescent Signals
Authors: Denat Franck , Diaz‐Fernandez Yuri Antonio , Pasotti Luca , Sok Nicolas , Pallavicini Piersandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA multitasking fluorescent device can be obtained by forming micelles of Triton X‐100, containing a lipophilic macrocyclic Cu2+ complex and the coordinating fluorophore Coumarin 343 (C343), which features a COOH moiety. At low pH the two micellised components do not interact, and the fluorescence of Courmarin 343 (C343) is intense. At intermediate pH, C343 is deprotonated and coordinates to the Cu2+ centre in its apical position, with fluorescence quenching. At higher pH the deprotonated C343 is displaced from Cu2+ by the formation of an OH− complex, and the fluorescence is revived. This allows the system to carry out its first task as it behaves as an “on–off–on” fluorescent sensor for pH windows. The “off” part of the window ranges from pH 6 to 8. In this interval, in which the carboxylate form of C343 is apically coordinated to the Cu2+ complex inside micelles, the device carries out its second task, that is, it behaves as a gauge for lipophilicity. For pHs between 6 and 8, molecules containing a COOH group are in their COO− form and distribute between bulk water and micelles proportionally to their lipophilicity. Upon entering the micelle, their COO− moiety competes for coordination with C343, displacing it from the Cu2+ centre, and this results in fluorescence revival, the intensity of which is also proportional to the lipophilicity of the examined molecule. We have chosen the physiological pH value (7.4) as the working pH, and we have examined the lipophilicity of fatty acids and of the widely used family of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The device successfully measures their lipophilicity, expressing it with an “off–on” type fluorescent signal, as demonstrated by the correlation of the fluorescence increase with the logarithmic water/octanol partition coefficient (log P) and with the difference between the pKa observed in micelles and that measured in water for NSAIDs.
Reversible Switching of a Micelle‐to‐Vesicle Transition by Compressed CO2
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Jianling , Zhao Yueju , Hou Minqiang , Han Buxing , Yu Cailan , Ye Jianping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe study of the micelle‐to‐vesicle transition (MVT) is of great importance from both theoretical and practical points of view. Herein, we studied the effect of compressed CO2 on the aggregation behavior of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed surfactants in aqueous solution by means of direct observation, turbidity and conductivity measurements, steady‐state fluorescence, time‐resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ), fluorescence quantum yield, and template methods. Interestingly, all these approaches showed that compressed CO2 could induce the MVT in the surfactant system, and the vesicles returned to the micelles simply by depressurization; that is, CO2 can be used to switch the MVT reversibly by controlling pressure. Some other gases, such as methane, ethylene, and ethane, could also induce the MVT of the surfactant solution. A possible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the packing‐parameter theory and thermodynamic principles. It is shown that the mechanism of the MVT induced by a nonpolar gas is different from the MVT induced by polar and electrolyte additives.
ChemInform Abstract: D‐Luciferin, Derivatives and Analogues — Synthesis and in vitro/in vivo Luciferase‐Catalyzed Bioluminescent Activity
Authors: Meroni Giuseppe , Rajabi Mehdi , Santaniello Enzo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.