bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of phase composition and defect structure to the long term stability of Li/MgO catalysts
Authors: Simon Ulla , Harth Manuel , Arndt Sebastian , Berthold Almuth , Görke Oliver , Hartmann Carsten , Schomäcker Reinhard , Schubert Helmut 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The phase composition and defect structure of the system Li2O–MgO was investigated in terms of the long term stability of Li/MgO catalysts. The Li content was varied from 0 to 7 mol.%. Pure Li · MgO solid solutions were prepared via a special washing procedure. Li contents below 0.04 wt.% were stabilized within the MgO host lattice, whereas higher Li contents were found to segregate as Li2O and Li2CO3 phases. The catalytic activity in the oxidative coupling of methane was found to decay for all catalysts over a period of 19 h on stream, accompanied by a loss of Li as LiOH. Li in the Li · MgO solid solution was found to be more stable in the lattice than in the surface region of the solid. However, impedance measurements on transition metal stabilized Li/MgO catalysts indicated that even the Li ions within the Li · MgO solid solution are not sufficiently stabilized. Thus, neither the Li compounds nor the dissolved Li ions within the Li/MgO solution seem to be truly stable at 750°C under catalytic conditions.
Simple ionic-liquid assisted method for preparation of Cd1-x
Zn
x
S nanoparticles with improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: Naghiloo Samira , Habibi-Yangjeh Aziz , Behboudnia Mahdi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Nanoparticles of Cd1-x
Zn
x
S (x = 0–0.8) were prepared in neat 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, a halide-free and low-cost room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) via a simple heating method. The nanoparticles were investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The diffraction patterns demonstrate that the prepared nanoparticles in the RTIL have smaller size relative to the samples prepared in water. The photocatalytic activities of the nanoparticles towards photodegradation of methylene blue were evaluated under UV and visible irradiation. The results indicate that the nanoparticles prepared in the RTIL have greater photocatalytic activity relative to the samples prepared in water. The reaction rate constant under visible light irradiation on the nanoparticles prepared in the RTIL is at least six times greater than for the samples prepared in water.
Anodic behavior of Al–Zn–In sacrificial anodes at different concentration of zinc and indium
Authors: Keyvani Ahmad , Saremi Mohsen , Saeri Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Al-Zn-In anodes show better performance due to the beneficial effects of Zn and In on prevention of aluminum passivity and producing a homogeneous structure for uniform corrosion of the anodes. However, there are different views about the optimum concentration of each element in the anode. In this study, the anodic behavior of Al-Zn-In alloy with different concentrations of zinc from 1 to 6 wt.% and indium from 0.01 to 0.05 wt.% are studied. The NACE efficiency test and polarization are used in 3 wt.% NaCl solution for corrosion characterization. The results showed that zinc and indium change the anode potential to more active potentials and improve the microstructure uniformity of anodes. The latter leads to more uniform corrosion. Optimum concentrations of zinc (5 wt.%) and indium (0.02 wt.%) were found in this respect.
Thermodynamics of liquid Au–Sb–Sn
Authors: Terzieff Peter , Hindler Michael , Mikula Adolf , Ipser Herbert 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of liquid Au–Sb–Sn are discussed with regard to the energetics of the system. The analysis in terms of the partial excess Gibbs energies and the partial enthalpies of mixing indicates that the presence of Sb in the alloys is energetically unfavourable. In addition, this is found also to be reflected by the concentration–concentration correlations in the long-wavelength limit, S
cc

ij
, which are representative of the fluctuations in local composition occuring in the system. It is suggested that the analysis of the partial quantities in the system might give an extremely helpful contribution to understanding the energetics of multi-component systems.
Effect of texture on grain growth in an interstitial-free steel sheet
Authors: Huh Moo-Young , Barrales-Mora Luis A. , Engler Olaf 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effect of crystallographic texture on grain growth was studied in two samples from an interstitial-free steel sheet with two different primary recrystallization textures, one with a pronounced {111} fiber texture and the other with an almost random texture. Upon grain growth annealing, the sample with the random texture showed slow continuous grain growth. In the strongly textured material discontinuous grain growth prevailed at a higher growth rate. The effect of texture on the rate of grain growth is discussed in terms of the motion of the grain boundary triple junctions in the two samples with different distributions of grain-to-grain misorientations. Numerical simulations with a 2D vertex model confirmed the influence of the triple junctions on the development of microstructure and texture observed during grain growth in the two differently textured steel samples.
Effect of sintering behavior on the porous structure of porous quartz ceramics
Authors: Song Jieguang , Ji Gangchang , Li Shibin , Du Daming , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPorous quartz ceramics were produced using river sand from the Yangtze River in China as the raw material by the use of sponge absorption methods. We found that sintering conditions clearly affected the porous structure and other properties. With increasing sintering temperature, the microstructure of the samples changed accordingly and the density increased while the porosity decreased, the micropore edges gradually became smooth. The density of the porous quartz ceramics increased at a holding time of up to 60 min but the porosity decreased. Optimum sintering of the porous quartz ceramics was obtained at 1 100 °C over 60 min as determined by an analysis of the performance–price ratio of the porous quartz ceramics, the density is 1.25 g cm–3, the porosity is 49.5 %, the outside shape is regular, the micropore structure is smooth.
Development of Polymer Extrusion Extruder for Evaluating with a Small Amount of Polymeric Material
Authors: Uematsu H. , Tanoue S. , Iemoto Y. , Sugimoto M. , Taniguchi T. , Koyama K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We developed the extrusion system to evaluate the extrusion behavior such as the shear viscosity, which is one of basic properties, and the processability of mono/multilayer film with a small amount of polymeric material. In order to measure the shear viscosity, the gear pump, the return path and the pressure sensors were introduced into the extruder with intermeshing co-rotating twin screws. The viscosity could be evaluated on-line from the volumetric flow rate of molten polymer and the pressure drop in the return path before film processing. The capacity of gear pump, the shape and size of return path were optimized to evaluate the viscosity of polymeric material, which generally undergoes shear rate of 10 ∼ 1000 s−1 in the film processing. The apparatus for mono and multilayer film processing consisted of two extruders including the multichannel feedblock and T-die with the manifold and land section. The compact feedblock was designed to receive two feedstreams, so that the product can have two layers. We investigated the on-line viscosity measurement methodology and the processability, which is the neck-in phenomenon for monolayer film and the interface stability for multilayer film, using typical polymer material of 30 grams at once. The viscosity evaluated with our system corresponded with the result of commercial rheometer. It was also confirmed that the processability of mono and multilayer film could be evaluated quantitatively with our system.
Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Prediction of Extrudate Swell Using Conformational Rheological Models
Authors: Yazdi M. K. , Ramazani S. A. A. , Amoli H. H. , Kamyabi A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this study the extrudate swell of polymer solutions is estimated using the microstructure of polymer molecules. When a flexible polymer chain goes through a narrow die shear stress exerting on the chain will cause the polymer chain to be stretched along the flow direction. After emerging from die all external stresses vanish immediately and the chains tend to recover their previous state due to elastic recovery. This phenomenon will results in a gradual increase in extrudate diameter and this is used as the key idea for estimating swell ratio. A Giesekus based conformational model was used in order to predict polymer chains microstructure everywhere in the domain. The resulting PDE set including, continuity, momentum, and conformational rheological model were solved using a finite volume method with the OpenFOAM software. Numerical results were compared with experimental data which were obtained for aqueous solutions of Carboxymethylcellulose. It was found that model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. The results were also compared to results which were obtained by the Tanner relation which underestimates experimental data.
Effect of Arsenic Amended Irrigation Water on Growth and Yield of BR-11 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown in Open Field Gangetic Soil Condition in Rajshahi
Authors: Azad MAK , Mondal AHMFK , Hossain MI , Moniruzzaman M 
Published: August 2012

Rice was grown in an open-field Gangetic soil condition with arsenic amended irrigation water in experimental plot at Institute of Environmental Science of Rajshahi University to see the effect of arsenic (As) on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A popular aman rice variety named BR-11 was cultivated with arsenic amended irrigation water (0 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg and 4.0 mg/L As containing water) in a green house made of transparent poly-ethylene paper. Sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) was added to irrigation water for arsenic source. The tillers number, panicle length and grain yield of BR-11 rice were found to decrease significantly (p?0.05) with increase of arsenic (As) concentration in irrigation water. The highest values of plant height and straw yield was observed in 0.5 mgL-1 treatment, whereas highest tillers number, panicles number, panicle length and grain yield were found in control treatment. The lowest values of these parameters were observed in the treatment of 4.0 mgL-1 As containing irrigation water. Rice was grown in an open-field Gangetic soil condition with arsenic amended irrigation water in experimental plot at Institute of Environmental Science of Rajshahi University to see the effect of arsenic (As) on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). A popular aman rice variety named BR-11 was cultivated with arsenic amended irrigation water (0 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg and 4.0 mg/L As containing water) in a green house made of transparent poly-ethylene paper. Sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) was added to irrigation water for arsenic source. The tillers number, panicle length and grain yield of BR-11 rice were found to decrease significantly (p?0.05) with increase of arsenic (As) concentration in irrigation water. The highest values of plant height and straw yield was observed in 0.5 mgL-1 treatment, whereas highest tillers number, panicles number, panicle length and grain yield were found in control treatment. The lowest values of these parameters were observed in the treatment of 4.0 mgL-1 As containing irrigation water.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11553J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 55-59, 2012
Effect of Temperature on the Bahaviour of Epilachna Beetle (Epilachna dodecastigma Wied.) among Different Brinjal Varieties
Authors: Das S , Uddin MM , Islam KS 
Published: August 2012

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on biology, oviposition and feeding behaviour as well as host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) on eight varieties of brinjal, Solanum melongena Linn. from November, 2009 to June, 2010 maintaining controlled temperatures of 15ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC using an incubator in the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh. Temperature has a profound influence on the oviposition and food consumption of Epilachna beetle. In incubator at 15oC, 25oC and 30oC temperature, larval daily average food consumption (mm2) among eight host plant varieties of S. melongena was the highest on Thamba and the lowest on Bijoy, whereas adults daily mean food consumption at three temperature regimes was the highest on Thamba and the lowest on BAU-2 at 15oC and 25oC temperature and at 30oC temperature the lowest recorded on Bijoy. At 25oC temperature, the highest oviposition was recorded on Thamba and the lowest found on Jhumki. Similarly at 15oC and 30oC temperature, the highest oviposition was also observed on Thamba and the lowest on Bijoy. Thus, the varieties namely Thamba, ISD 006 and Kazla appeared to be preferable hosts, whereas Bijoy, BAU-2 and Jhumki seemed to less preferable. The results revealed that temperature had direct effect on the behaviour and 25°C temperature was congenial to both fecundity and food consumption of the Epilachna beetle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11572 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 167 - 172, 2012
Impacts of Flood on Crop Production in Haor Areas of Two Upazillas in Kishoregonj
Authors: Khan MNH , Mia MY , Hossain MR 
Published: August 2012

Haor is basin like structure where water remains either stagnant or in flash flooding condition during the months of June to November. In Bangladesh, haor areas are covered by Boro rice and produce a large amount. Severe flood damage this boro crop, so that the study was conducted to know the land use pattern and impact of flood on boro rice production. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected as survey sampling method (questionnaire, FGD, PRA etc.) from Itna and Mithamoin Upazilla where total respondents were 119. Secondary data were collected from Upazilla Administrations and Department of Agricultural Extension. Mainly descriptive statistics were employed to analyzing the data using MS Excel and SPSS. Most of the respondents were farmer. Major portion of their cultivable land are low land. Rabi is the only cropping season and during Kharif  1, and Kharif  2 lands became fallow due to inundate on flood water. In rabi season boro is the main crop and damaged by flash flood due to unavailability of controlling measures. Flood control measures would be taken to prevent huge loss of boro rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11581 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 193  198, 2012
Peoples Attitude Towards Social Forestry: A Case Study in Rajshahi
Authors: Alam MJ , Rakkibu MG , Rahman MM 
Published: August 2012

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the attitude of the peoples towards social forestry and to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their attitude towards social forestry. Attempt was also made to find out the rank order of attitudinal statements. Local community, local leader and social forestry beneficiaries of Puthia and Charghat Upzila of Rajshahi district constituted the population of the study. A total of 182 respondents were selected as sample. Interview schedule was used for collecting data from the sampled respondents during September, 2011 to December, 2011. The four selected characteristics of the respondents were considered as the independent variables. A 5-point rating scale was used to measure the dependent variable attitude towards social forestry. The findings revealed that near about three-fifths (59.34%) of the respondents had moderately favourable attitude towards social forestry compared to 32.2 percent highly favourable and 8.24 percent slightly favourable attitude towards social forestry. Correlation were used to explore the relationships among the variables. Out of 4 independent variables, age and occupation of all groups of respondents had a negative relationship with their attitude forwards social forestry, whereas education and annual income did not show significant relationship. The comp uted t value indicated that there was no attitudinal significant difference among the three groups. Among the 30 statements by improving local microclimate, social forestry can contribute significantly for the maintenance of ecological balance, important way to create capital, promotion of social forestry can bring improvement in aesthetic view of the area and social forestry will provide harbor to insects, pests and diseases which is detrimental for human health and agricultural production was the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11585 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 217 - 222, 2012
Impacts of Plough Pan on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil
Authors: Podder M , Akter M , Saifullah ASM , Roy S 
Published: August 2012

The experiment was carried out to find out the impacts of plough pan on physical and chemical properties of soil. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from two locations of Basail upazila in Tangail dristrict, one having compact plough pan layer in subsoil (site-1) and other one with no plough pan layer (site-2). A survey was also conducted on land use pattern in these areas to get the causes of plough pan formation. In site-1, rice is the dominant crop and in site-2 shallow rooted crops such as mustard, potato, onion etc. are grown. In site-1, organic C, N, K, S, Zn contents were found higher and the concentrations of C, N, K, P, S and Zn decreased from topsoil to lower layers, whereas, concentrations increased to subsoil layer except P in case of site-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11594 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 289-294, 2012
Number of instars and sexual dimorphism of Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae determined by maximum likelihood
Authors: Flaherty Leah , Régnière Jacques , Sweeney Jon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTetropium fuscum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a Palaearctic wood borer that has been established in Atlantic Canada since at least 1990. Neither the number of instars nor methods for determining the instar of field-collected larvae have been documented for this species. Head-capsule width was measured for 949 T. fuscum larvae in order to determine the number of instars in this species, estimate the mean and variance of head-capsule widths associated with each instar, and identify whether head-capsule width is sexually dimorphic. Head-capsule width data were analysed using maximum likelihood analysis of mixture models and the Brooks–Dyar rule. Our results provide strong support for the existence of six larval instars, with sexually dimorphic head-capsule widths in instars five and six. The probability of misclassifying larvae into instar-specific and sex-specific categories ranged from 0.6% to 12.8%, with the highest probabilities occurring when assigning a sex to fifth-instar and sixth-instar larvae.
« Assumer la haute direction de la vie de la race » : la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal (1915-1924)
Authors: Lavallée Martin 
Published: August 2012

Fondée par le journaliste Ludger Duvernay en 1834, sous l’appellation Aide-toi, le ciel t’aidera, la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal (SSJBM) est la plus ancienne des institutions patriotiques canadiennes-françaises. Disparue à la suite de l’exil de plusieurs de ses membres dans le contexte des rébellions patriotes de 1837-1838, elle est reconstituée en 1843 et prend le nom d’Association Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal jusqu’en 1914, année où elle devient définitivement la Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal. Depuis sa fondation, cet organisme travaille à défendre et à promouvoir l’identité et les droits des Canadiens français. Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière le rôle méconnu de cette association durant une période particulièrement trouble et agitée pour les Canadiens français, soit durant le premier quart du xxe siècle. L’étude des deux revues mensuelles de la Société – Le Petit Canadien (1913-1918) et La revue nationale (1919-1932) – nous révèle la réorientation du mandat de la SSJBM et l’ambition de ses dirigeants, sous la présidence de Victor Morin (1915-1924), de faire de leur société le chef de file de la nation canadienne-française, celle qui devait prendre la direction des francophones en Amérique du Nord et « assumer la haute direction de la vie de la race ».
Synthesis and characterization of new conjugated soluble polythiophenes with excellent reversible electrochemical properties
Authors: Feng Qilong , Wang Lin , Lin Li , Pei Meishan , Xu Jingkun , Zhang Guangyou 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of five new conjugated polythiophene (PT) derivatives containing piperidinyl groups as a side chain were synthesized by ferric trichloride oxidization. All of the polymers were soluble in common organic solvents, and their high regioregularity were confirmed by 1H‐NMR. The weight‐average molar masses ranged from 5931 to 22,955 g/mol with a low polydispersity index ranging from 1.18 to 1.79. The fluorescence emission maximum of poly[3‐(N‐methyl propionate–4′‐piperidine)methylene–thiophene] in the films was 725 nm in the yellow–red region, higher than that of the other PT derivatives. All five polymers exhibited reversible p‐doping/dedoping (oxidation/reneutralization) processes; this indicated that these polymers could be applied in electrical equipment in the doping state. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Genetic control of antibody production during collagen‐induced arthritis development in heterogeneous stock mice
Authors: Förster Michael , Raposo Bruno , Ekman Diana , Klaczkowska Dorota , Popovic Marjan , Nandakumar Kutty S. , Lindvall Therese , Hultqvist Malin , Teneva Ivanka , Johannesson Martina , Ahlqvist Emma , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify genetic factors driving pathogenic autoantibody formation in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in order to better understand the etiology of RA and identify possible new avenues for therapeutic intervention.MethodsWe performed a genome‐wide analysis of quantitative trait loci controlling autoantibody to type II collagen (anti‐CII), anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), and rheumatoid factor (RF). To identify loci controlling autoantibody production, we induced CIA in a heterogeneous stock–derived mouse cohort, with contribution of 8 inbred mouse strains backcrossed to C57BL/10.Q. Serum samples were collected from 1,640 mice before arthritis onset and at the peak of the disease. Antibody concentrations were measured by standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and linkage analysis was performed using a linear regression–based method.ResultsWe identified loci controlling formation of anti‐CII of different IgG isotypes (IgG1, IgG3), antibodies to major CII epitopes (C1, J1, U1), antibodies to a citrullinated CII peptide (citC1), and RF. The anti‐CII, ACPA, and RF responses were all found to be controlled by distinct genes, one of the most important loci being the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.ConclusionThis comprehensive genetic analysis of autoantibody formation in CIA demonstrates an association not only of anti‐CII, but interestingly also of ACPA and RF, with arthritis development in mice. These results underscore the importance of non–major histocompatibility complex genes in controlling the formation of clinically relevant autoantibodies.