bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les violences conjugales, phénomène social, problème systémique
Authors: Delage Michel , Sanchez Alexandrine , Bruno Jean-Luc , Degiovani Maryse 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Les situations de violences conjugales confrontent les professionnels à beaucoup de difficultés. Les réponses apportées deviennent un problème qu’on peut qualifier de systémique : émiettement des interventions issues de différents champs et pratiques, cloisonnements et clivages, confusions, contradictions, positionnement idéologique de certains. La ligne de démarcation qu’introduisent la société et la loi entre auteur et victime favorise une logique linéaire visant à protéger les victimes et à s’intéresser quelquefois à la psychologie des auteurs. Mais il est difficile de réfléchir entre plusieurs partenaires selon une modalité circulaire, visant une approche globale, s’intéressant à l’enchevêtrement des liens qui unissent auteurs et victimes (y compris les enfants témoins) dans une intersubjectivité souffrante.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Demarcation Line Depth Assessed by Visante OCT After CXL for Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia
Authors: Yam Jason C.S. , Chan Clement W.N. , Cheng Arthur C.K. 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:
To report the demarcation line depth after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus and postoperative LASIK ectasia with Visante (Carl Zeiss Meditec) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and investigate correlations between this depth and preoperative parameters and postoperative visual and keratometry outcomes.

METHODS:

Retrospective interventional case series of 40 eyes with keratoconus or postoperative LASIK ectasia treated with riboflavin ultraviolet-A CXL. Ophthalmic evaluation included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography (Pentacam, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), and postoperative anterior segment OCT. Correlation analyses were performed. Statistical significance was indicated by
P
<.05.

RESULTS:

At 6 months postoperative, mean demarcation line depth was 281.4±53.3 μm. Thinner minimal corneal thickness (r=0.413,
P
=.008), older age (r=−0.490,
P
=.001), higher grading of ectasia (for both keratoconus and postoperative LASIK ectasia) (r=−0.332,
P
=.044), female sex (r=0.343,
P
=.030), postoperative LASIK ectasia (r=−0.420,
P
=.007), and longer duration of disease (r=−0.377,
P
=.023) were correlated with shallower demarcation line depth. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that among all preoperative factors, minimal corneal thickness (standardized β=0.473,
P
=.003) and age (standardized β=−0.317,
P
=.036) were significantly associated with demarcation line depth. The CXL demarcation line depth and change in CDVA (r=−0.16,
P
=.325) and change of the steepest keratometry at 6 months (r=0.084,
P
=.637) were not correlated.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Visante OCT can be used for assessing CXL demarcation line depth. The demarcation line depth may decrease with the severity of ectasia and age.
A Contralateral, Randomized Comparison of Optimized Prolate Ablation and Conventional LASIK for Myopia With the NIDEK Excimer Laser Platform
Authors: El Danasoury Alaa M. , Holladay Jack , Waring George O. , Pieger Stefan , Bains Harkaran S. 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare the refractive, visual acuity, topographic, and spherical aberration outcomes of LASIK using the Quest excimer laser platform with the optimized prolate ablation (OPA) profile (NIDEK Co Ltd) in one eye and conventional ablation profile in the fellow eye of the same patient.

METHODS:

Thirty-seven myopic patients underwent LASIK bilaterally, with one eye randomized to receive OPA ablation (−3.88±1.42 diopters [D], range: −1.53 to −7.50 D) and the fellow eye to receive conventional ablation (−3.89±1.37 D, range: −1.75 to −7.00 D). Independent and paired
t
tests were used for testing differences between groups at last postoperative follow-up (6 or 12 months).

RESULTS:

Postoperatively, 97% (32/33) of OPA eyes and 94% (31/33) of conventional eyes saw 20/20 or better without correction (
P
>.05). No eyes lost 2 or more lines of distance corrected visual acuity. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent was −0.16 D in the OPA group and −0.05 D in the conventional group (
P
>.05). Ocular spherical aberration was −0.003 μm in the OPA group and +0.102 μm in the conventional group (
P
<.05). Corneal asphericity was statistically lower after OPA (0.07±0.26) compared to conventional ablation (0.30±0.26) (
P
<.001). The mean programmed optical zone and achieved postoperative horizontal diameter of the effective optical zone were statistically significantly larger in the OPA group (
P
<.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Postoperative visual acuity and refractive outcomes were similar between groups. Laser in situ keratomileusis using the OPA profile for the correction of myopia induced significantly less corneal and ocular spherical aberration, resulted in normal postoperative asphericity in 94% of eyes, and larger horizontal diameter of the effective optical zone compared to the conventional profile.
Culex pipiens(Culicidae) is attracted to humans in southern Ontario, but will it serve as a bridge vector of West Nile virus?
Authors: Russell Curtis , Hunter Fiona F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe tested whether the known bird-biting mosquito,Culex pipiensLinnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae), is attracted to human hosts by placing humans at ground level (∼1.5 m) or in the forest canopy (∼5 m) in a Niagara woodlot. Modified Centers for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light traps (no light, no CO2) were placed next to the human hosts to capture the attracted mosquitoes. The human-baited traps were compared with control traps (standard CDC miniature light traps with CO2, but no light). As expected from previous research, there were moreC. pipienscaptured at the higher elevation than at ground level. Generally, they were attracted to control traps more than to human-baited traps at 5 m, whereas at 1.5 m there was no difference between the two trap types. As a comparison, mostAedes vexans(Meigen) mosquitoes were captured at the 1.5 m elevation but there were significantly more captured in the control traps than the human-baited traps during all periods. BecauseC. pipiensis attracted to humans throughout the entire season at the 1.5 m height (where they might encounter humans), it is likely thatC. pipienscan serve as a bridge vector of West Nile virus (WNV).
Ossification with Extensive Calcification of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Postmenopausal Woman
Authors: Suranagi Vijayalaxmi , Bannur Hema B , Davanagere Reshma , Dafale Sujata 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Ossification in uterine leiomyomas is extremely rare. Very few cases of ossification and such extensive calcification in leiomyoma have been reported earlier in the literature. Most of the leiomyomas in uterus are known to regress after menopause. Ossification as a secondary change is generally present in the long standing leiomyomas with other degenerative changes like hyalinization and calcification. Most of these changes result from inadequate blood supply. We report a case of an incidental large leiomyoma showing extensive calcification and ossification, which is very rare, occurring in a postmenopausal woman, who died due to organophosphorus poisoning, found at autopsy. This could be an incidental finding probably because of lack of any relevant symptoms and patient's ignorance about the presence of the lesion when alive. This case is reported in view of its rarity. The pathogenesis is also discussed.

How to cite this article
Suranagi VV, Bannur HB, Davanagere R, Dafale S. Ossification with Extensive Calcification of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Postmenopausal Woman. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):54-55.
Total Uterine Necrosis: A Complication of B-Lynch Suture
Authors: Jain Sheela , Somalwar Savita A , Joshi Sulbha A , Kawthalkar Anjali S , Mahore Sadhana 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) which leads to maternal mortality and morbidity. Herewith reporting a case of 35-year-old woman who underwent cesarean section for transverse lie with hand prolapse. She had atonic PPH for which uterine artery ligation was done along with B-lynch suture. She had subinvolution of uterus secondary to multiple abscesses in uterine wall. She underwent subtotal hystrectomy. Hispathology showed uterine necrosis.

How to cite this article
Somalwar SA, Joshi SA, Bhalerao AV, Kawthalkar AS, Jain S, Mahore S. Total Uterine Necrosis: A Complication of B-Lynch Suture. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):61-63.
Anemia in Pregnancy—Consequences and Challenges: A Review of Literature
Authors: Noronha Judith Angelitta , Khasawneh Esra Al , Seshan Vidya , Ramasubramaniam Shanthi , Raman Savithri 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Anemia during pregnancy is a global public health challenge facing the world today, especially in the developing countries. Anemia in pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal mortality/morbidity as well as to the low birth weight which in turn might contribute to increased percentage for infant mortality. Many epidemiological studies in the past have reported the problem in high magnitude. This review was conducted to identify the persistence of the problem in the South Asian countries during the last 5 years irrespective of iron supplementation as a measure to tackle this problem.

Materials and methods
A review of all published literature related to prevalence of anemia for a period of 5 years (2007- 2011) in South Asian countries was carried out. The online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane were used to identify relevant studies. Data from studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were abstracted into a standardized form.

Results
Eleven studies with a total of 1,93,131 pregnant women were included in the review. The maximum and minimum reported prevalence rates of anemia during pregnancy were 80 and 18% respectively. The maximum and minimum prevalence of severe anemia affecting pregnant women is 20 and 2.7%. The risk factors that are involved are young age, educational status and socioeconomic status, poor birth spacing and lack of compliance to iron and folic acid supplementation.

Conclusion
Anemia is the most frequent maternal complication of pregnancy. All the 11 studies reviewed focused on assessing the prevalence of anemia during various stages of pregnancy. It shows anemia is prevalent from mild to severe degree with substantial variations across trimesters. The outcomes of these suggest prevalence of anemia is due to associated factors and lack of deficiency of vitamin B12, low BMI, infection with ascariasis, deficient dietary consumption of foods fortified with iron, low socioeconomic conditions and high parity.

How to cite this article
Noronha JA, Al Khasawneh E, Seshan V, Ramasubramaniam S, Raman S. Anemia in Pregnancy— Consequences and Challenges: A Review of Literature. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):64-70.
The Effect of Tourism on Crime in Italy: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Authors: Biagi Bianca , Brandano Maria Giovanna , Detotto Claudio 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that, for the case of Italy, ceteris paribus, tourist areas tend to have a greater amount of crime than non-tourist ones in the short and long run. Following the literature of the economics of crime à la Becker (Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, 1968) and Enrlich (Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation, 1973) and using a System GMM approach for the time span 1985–2003, the authors empirically test whether total crime in Italy is affected by the presence of tourists. Findings confirm the initial intuition of a positive relationship between tourism and crime in destinations. When using the level rather than the rate of total crime and controlling for the equivalent tourists (i.e. the number of tourists per day in a given destination) the effect of the tourist variable is confirmed. Overall results indicate however that the resident population has a greater effect on crime than the tourist population. Therefore, the main explanation for the impact of tourism on crime seems to be agglomeration effects.
Bio-inspired Anisotropic Nanofibrillar Matrices for Heart Valve Engineering
Authors: Sohier Jerome , Carubelli Ivan , Latif Najma , Sarathchandra Padmini , Chester Adrian H. , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOur strategy for heart valve tissue engineering is the use of autologous cells to populate appropriate template matrices. In this context, an important goal is to devise a suitable biomimetic scaffold that supports proper cell growth and cell-matrix interactions by reproducing the specific anisotropic fibrillar structure of valves extracellular matrix (ECM). A novel type of highly porous anisotropic nanobrillar matrices was developed and evaluated with regards to structure, mechanical properties and ability to support human adipose derived stem cell (hADSC) colonization, growth and ECM production in vitro. Nanofibrillar structures were obtained by jet-spraying poly (ε-caprolactone) dissolved in chloroform on a variably rotating drum. Morphological evaluations of the structures were performed using scanning electron microscopy while porosity was calculated from polymer density, weight and volume. Elastic modulus of dry scaffolds (10x6x1 mm, n=5) was measured with a planar biaxial test bench with displacement rate of 0.05 mm/s. Human adipose derived stem cells (500,000) were top and rotary seeded on nanofibrillar discs (diameter 1 cm and thickness 0.8 mm) and cultured in 10 ml of complete medium under rotation (10 rpm) for 18 days. Histology (DAPI staining), DNA quantification and immunohistochemistry were used to characterize the resulting cellularized structures.
The speed of drum rotation was adjusted up to 3000 rpm to produce highly aligned fibres (600 nm of average diameter) from the sprayed polymer. In conjunction with fibres anisotropy, the scaffolds Young's modulus was simultaneously increased (from 0.3 to 0.7 Mpa) and decreased (from 0.3 to 0.01 Mpa) longitudinally and orthogonally to fibre alignment, respectively. In addition, fibre alignment further increased scaffolds porosity from 97 % (isotropic) to 99%. Anisotropic matrices allowed a more extensive cellular invasion than isotropic scaffolds, possibly linked to their higher porosity and therefore open structure. hADSC proliferated significantly (up to 6-fold DNA increase), bridged the entire scaffolds thicknesses after 10 days and produced their own ECM as evidenced by collagen I production. This study highlights the potential of a newly developed highly porous anisotropic nanofibrillar matrices as substrate for tissue engineering, and in particular for heart valve engineering.
PCL Scaffolds and Reduced In-Vitro Cell Expansion to Improve Engineered Valvular Tissue Formation
Authors: Brugmans Marieke C.P. , Driessen-Mol Anita , Cox Martijn A.J. , Rubbens Mirjam.P. , Baaijens Frank P.T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDifferent types of synthetic scaffolds are used for tissue engineering of heart valves. Tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV), based on a rapid degrading polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold coated with poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) and seeded with vascular derived cells, have shown promising in-vivo results. However, a major drawback of these TEHV is compaction and retraction of the leaflets causing regurgitation. It is hypothesized that this is a result of traction forces exerted by the cells, combined with an imbalance of the formed tissue and loss of mechanical integrity of the scaffold due to degradation. The aim of this study is to evaluate alternative approaches to overcome the compaction and retraction of TEHV without compromising on tissue composition and properties. The alternative approaches that are studied here are 1) the use of the slow degrading poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffold for prolonged mechanical integrity and 2) the use of lower passage vascular cells for enhanced tissue formation. Compaction, tissue formation, cell phenotype and mechanical properties of tissues based on passage 3, 5 and 7 vascular cells in PCL and PGA-P4HB scaffolds are compared. TEHV aim to be designed for humans, but since the ovine model is used to show proof of principle both human and ovine cells were used. Passage 3, 5 and 7 (p3, p5 and p7) human and ovine vascular-derived cells were seeded onto both PGA-P4HB and PCL scaffold strips (n=6 per passage and scaffold material), using fibrin as a cell carrier. After 4 weeks of culture under constrained static conditions, one strip was used for histology. The remaining strips were used for mechanical testing and biochemical assays as indicators for tissue strength and tissue formation, respectively. After 4 weeks, the tissues based on PGA-P4HB showed 50-60% compaction, while PCL-based tissues showed compaction of 0-10%. Cell passage number and species did not influence compaction. Tissue formation was comparable between passage numbers and scaffold materials in ovine while human p5 showed decreased tissue formation in both scaffold materials. Collagen content was increased with decreasing passage numbers in both species and scaffold materials. No differences in cell phenotype between the scaffold materials or cell passage numbers were observed. The Young’s modulus and the ultimate tensile strength of tissues of both species were higher in the lower passage groups of both scaffold groups. This study shows that PCL scaffolds may serve as alternative scaffold material for tissue engineering heart valves with minimal compaction and without compromising on tissue composition and properties. Cells from lower passages showed to improve tissue formation. Reducing cell expansion time will result in faster generation of TEHV, providing a more rapid treatment to patients.
New Biomaterials in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Talacua Hanna , Vink Aryan , Bosman Anton W. , Janssen Henk M. , Söntjens Serge H.M. , van Herwerden Lex A. , Kluin Jolanda 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn situ tissue engineering may lead to a clinically and economically attractive new generation of heart valve replacement therapies, overcoming the limitations of currently used prostheses. Development of novel scaffolds is required for the proposed in situ tissue engineering. These scaffolds must be able to carry a full mechanical load immediately after implantation, and should subsequently provide all biological cues for the recruitment and attachment of specific circulating cells, and should also induce the growth of new tissue. The properties of the scaffold materials should be optimized with respect to mechanical properties and biodegradability characteristics. Synthetic biomaterials are tunable, which enables the creation of tailor made scaffolds suitable for in situ tissue engineering of heart valves. Two different approaches towards scaffold materials have been investigated, based on a biodegradable polyester (PCL or PLLCL), and either a quadruple hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) unit or a bis-urea (BU) moiety. Both were investigated in vivo regarding biocompatibility and degradation kinetics. Thirty rats received the UPy and BU polyester based, disk-shaped implants subcutaneously. To investigate the effects of the implants over time, samples were explanted on day 2, 5, 10, 21 and 84. Disks with surrounding tissue were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After fixation, explants were dehydrated in graded alcohols and longitudinal sections were embedded in paraffin and stained. From each explant the foreign body response was quantified per high power field. Both the UPy and the BU-based materials proved biocompatible. In the acute phase all investigated biomaterials showed an infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes and mononuclear cells. In the chronic phase encapsulation by fibroblasts took place in all cases. Degradation rates were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) after 21 and 84 days. Little degradation was observed for the PCL-based polymers over the course of the experiment. The PLLCL-based polymers with a BU moiety, however, showed little at 21 days, but marked degradation at 84 days. Which of the explored materials is best suitable for in situ tissue engineering of heart valves will depend on further experiments, investigating how much time is needed for cell recruitment, adhesion, differentiation and tissue growth.

This research forms part of the Project P1.01 iValve of the research program of the BioMedical Materials institute, co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. The financial contribution of the Nederlandse Hartstichting is gratefully acknowledged.
Sufficient Tissue Engineered Heart Valves: A Question of Cell Source?
Authors: Weber Miriam , Frese Julia , Hatam Nima , Sachweh Joerg , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Jockenhoevel Stefanl , Mela Petra 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA promising approach to solve the problems of currently used heart valve prostheses, e.g. degeneration, need for anticoagulation and risk of endocarditis, is the tissue engineering of heart valves. By using patient derived cells and fibrin as a scaffold for these valves we aim at completely autologous heart valves which have the potential to grow and hence are especially interesting for valve replacement in paediatric surgery. However, a major obstacle on the way to clinical application of tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) is the cell-mediated tissue contraction which leads to the shrinkage of the valve’s leaflets and thus to its insufficiency. Several groups tested TEHV in the pulmonary position in the sheep model and reported mild to moderate regurgitation already at a short postimplantation time. Our goal was to analyse the influence of the cell source on the sufficiency of TEHV. Different cell sources, among which ovine carotid artery (OCA) and umbilical artery (OUA), were compared on their contractility and contraction of fibrin gels in which the cells were embedded. Cell phenotype was characterized by immunostaining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) as markers for cell contractile activity. For the gel contraction assay, fibrin gels with a cell concentration of 5 × 10^6/ml were moulded in a 24-well plate (n ≥ 3) and their retraction was evaluated over 15 days by measuring the gels' area in relation to their original area. Hydroxyproline content, cell proliferation and burst strength were also determined.
Ovine carotid artery cells exhibited a highly contractile myofibroblast phenotype (high α-SMA and MLCK expression), while OUA cells were mostly non-contractile fibroblasts with only few cells expressing α-SMA and MLCK. After 15 days, OCA embedded gels were contracted to 30.6 ± 2.0% of the original size while OUA gels maintained a size of 83.2 ± 3.7% of the initial area.
To directly correlate cell contractility and valve sufficiency we moulded fibrin based heart valves using OUA and OCA cells. All valves were conditioned statically for 14 days in the closed-leaflet configuration and successively dynamically in the open-leaflet configuration in bioreactors for 30 days. While the leaflets of TEHV with OCA cells contracted and led to insufficient valves at the end of the conditioning protocol, we were able to produce completely sufficient heart valves after in vitro conditioning using non-contractile OUA cells. In an on-going animal study OUA embedded TEHV, after being seeded with endothelial cells, are implanted in the pulmonary artery in lambs to analyse their growth potential and their hemodynamic performance in vivo. Transesophageal echocardiography showed both in colour Doppler and in cw Doppler mode that after fourteen weeks a first implanted valve was still completely sufficient and showed no sign of cell-mediated tissue contraction.