bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience: resistance factor for depressive symptom
Authors: SMITH P. R. 
Published: July 2009

Accessible summary

Resilience is the ability of an individual or group to carry on and solve problems so that survival of hard times is more likely. Resilience protects individuals from depression and includes behaviours that can be taught to persons who are vulnerable to hardships including physical illness, psychosocial isolation and aloneness, and mental illness.
Older adults who rated their overall health as relatively good were also more willing to talk with health providers about depressive symptoms if it was affecting their social activities, making them feel useless to others, or affecting how well they could think or concentrate.
New research needs to occur to learn more about how to build resilience in older adults with symptoms of depression in hopes of encouraging them to talk about depressive symptoms with the health provider. The goal is to prevent symptoms from progressing to a diagnosable disorder.
The more resilience a person demonstrates, the more likely that person is to talk with health professionals about depressive symptoms and seek care to relieve those symptoms. New research is also needed to learn which factors other than resilience and depressive symptoms have an influence on how willing older African Americans are to seek mental health care for those symptoms.

AbstractThe purpose was to explore influence of resilience on the willingness of African Americans aged 65 and over to seek mental health care for depressive symptoms. Specifically, the study examined relationships between personal resilience and willingness of undiagnosed, community dwelling older adults to seek mental health care for depressive symptoms. A cross‐sectional, correlational, causal modelling design was used to study older African Americans (N= 158; 121 women and 37 men) recruited from churches, retirement organizations and senior nutrition centres. Participants completed study instruments to measure depressive symptoms, resilience, willingness to seek mental health care, and general demographics information. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were preformed. Depressive symptoms and resilience accounted for 15.4% of the willingness to seek mental health care variance; extraction of resilience lowered variance to 0.9%. A direct, predictive relationship between resilience and willingness to seek mental health care was documented. Understanding resilience and willingness to seek mental health care supports future research for interventions that bolster resilience in older adults. Identifying the influence of resilience on such willingness may provide direction for developing interventions for older African Americans and may be applicable to vulnerable, marginalized and minority older adults worldwide.
Special observations in forensic psychiatric practice: gender issues of the watchers and the watched
Authors: MASON T. , MASON‐WHITEHEAD E. , THOMAS M. 
Published: July 2009

Accessible summary

Special observations in mental health nursing involve staff watching patients who may be at risk.
These observations may need to take place in close proximity to the patients.
The closeness of the proximity may cause embarrassment for both the nurses and the patient.
A risk assessment should address these issues.

AbstractSpecial observations in psychiatric practice may create tensions for both the patient under surveillance and the staff undertaking the procedure. This study reports on special observations undertaken in forensic settings focusing specifically on the gender‐sensitive issues. The aim of the study was to investigate the specific gender issues relating to special observations in relation to those under the procedure and those engaged in observing. Three medium secure units in the UK formed the sampling frame, and the population studied was eight female and seven male clinical Registered nurses. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐tape‐recorded and transcribed for analysis. The analysis involved a Grounded Theory approach to explicate categories and formulate two overarching themes: (1) the psychosocial fusion; and (2) the private as spectacle. There are implications for practice in relation to policy formulation and the implementation of special observations following risk assessment and individual skill identification. It is concluded that gender issues are extremely important for all concerned in this intrusive practice.
Pharaonic necrostratigraphy: a review of geological and archaeological studies in the Theban Necropolis, Luxor, West Bank, Egypt
Authors: Aubry Marie‐Pierre , Berggren William A. , Dupuis Christian , Ghaly Holeil , Ward David , King Chris , Knox Robert W. O'B. , Ouda Khaled , Youssef Moustafa , Galal Wael Fathi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present a review of archaeological and geological studies on the West Bank as a basis for discussing the geological setting of the tombs and geologically related problems with a view to providing archaeologists with a framework in which to conduct their investigations on the restoration, preservation and management of the antique monuments. Whereas the geology of the Upper Nile Valley appears to be deceptively simple, the lithological succession is vertically variable, and we have recognized and defined several new lithological units within the upper Esna Shale Formation. We have been able to delineate lithological (shale/limestone) contacts in several tombs and observed that the main chambers in some were excavated below the Esna Shale in the Tarawan Chalk Formation. We have been able to document changing dip in the strata (warping) in several tombs, and to delineate two major orientations of fractures in the field. Investigations behind the Temple of Hatshepsut, in the Valley of the Kings and around Deir El Medina have revealed four broad regional structures. We confirm that the hills located near the Nile Valley, such as Sheik Abdel Qurna, do not belong to the tabular structure of the Theban Mountain, but are discrete displaced blocks including the Thebes Limestone, as supported by Google Earth photographs.
Global hydrocarbon seep‐carbonate precipitation correlates with deep‐water temperatures and eustatic sea‐level fluctuations since the Late Jurassic
Authors: Kiel Steffen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments, most obviously at cold seeps, is a major sink for this important greenhouse gas and is associated with the precipitation of carbonates. The geological record of seep carbonates provides insights into the long‐term dynamics of this process. Since the Late Jurassic, rates of seep‐carbonate precipitation have been high during times of low sea levels and cold deep‐water temperatures, and vice versa. One possibility is that sea‐level fall decreases the thickness of the methane hydrate stability zone in the sediment so that gas hydrates decompose in deeper sediments, thereby increasing seepage and carbonate precipitation. Alternatively, low deep‐water temperature facilitates gas hydrate formation on continental slopes and may thereby increase methane availability for AOM‐performing consortia and associated carbonate precipitation. These correlations and their potential causes may be of interest for the modelling of global carbon budgets and of past and future climates.
Post‐rift volcanism and high heat‐flow at the ocean‐continent transition of the eastern Gulf of Aden
Authors: Lucazeau Francis , Leroy Sylvie , Autin Julia , Bonneville Alain , Goutorbe Bruno , Watremez Louise , D’Acremont Elia , Düsünur Doga , Rolandone Frédérique , Huchon Philippe , Bellahsen Nicolas , Tuchais Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA high heat‐flow (∼900 mW m−2) has been observed over a volcanic structure at the Ocean‐Continent Transition in the Eastern Gulf of Aden (Oman margin). The anomaly is superposed to a progressive increase of heat‐flow across the margin and can be interpreted either by (1) heat refraction, (2) fluid discharge or (3) cooling magma. The two first explanations cannot be ruled out definitely by modelling analysis, but require unlikely thermal conductivity or permeability values. The third one implies that the latest activity of the volcano was about 100 000 years old and therefore continued c. 18 Ma after the break‐up of Africa and Arabia. This potential mechanism is consistent with other lines of evidence of post‐rifting activity in the Gulf of Aden and could invalidate the conventional assumption that rifted‐margins become passive after the break‐up of continents.
Southern African topography and erosion history: plumes or plate tectonics?
Authors: Moore Andy , Blenkinsop Tom , Cotterill Fenton (Woody) 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe physiography of southern Africa comprises a narrow coastal plain, separated from an inland plateau by a horseshoe‐shaped escarpment. The interior of the inland plateau is a sedimentary basin. The drainage network of southern Africa is characterized by three river divides, broadly parallel to the coastline. These features contrast strongly with the broad dome and radial drainage patterns predicted by models which ascribe the physiography of southern Africa to uplift over a deep mantle plume. The drainage divides are interpreted as axes of epeirogenic uplift. The ages of these axes, which young from the margin to the interior, correlate closely with major reorganizations of spreading regimes in the oceanic ridges surrounding southern Africa, suggesting an origin from stresses related to plate motion. Successive epeirogenic uplifts of southern Africa on the axes, forming the major river divides, initiated cyclic episodes of denudation, which are coeval with erosion surfaces recognized elsewhere across Africa.
New tools to monitor the impact of viral infection on the alloreactive T‐cell repertoire
Authors: D'Orsogna L. J. , Amir A. L. , Zoet Y. M. , Van Der Meer‐Prins P. M. W. , Van Der Slik A. R. , Kester M. G. D. , Heemskerk M. H. M. , Doxiadis I. I. N. , Roelen D. L. , Claas F. H. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that alloreactive memory T‐cells may be generated as a result of viral infection. So far, a suitable tool to define the individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cross‐reactivity of virus‐specific memory T‐cells is not available. We therefore aimed to develop a novel system for the detection of cross‐reactive alloresponses using single HLA antigen expressing cell lines (SALs) as stimulator. Herein, we generated Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA3A specific CD8 memory T‐cell clones (HLA‐B*0801/FLRGRAYGL peptide restricted) and assayed for alloreactivity against a panel of SALs using interferon‐γ Elispot as readout. Generation of the T‐cell clones was performed by single cell sorting based on staining with viral peptide/major histocompatibility complex‐specific tetramer. Monoclonality of the T‐cell clones was confirmed by T‐cell receptor (TCR) polymerase chain reaction analysis. First, we confirmed the previously described alloreactivity of the EBV EBNA3A‐specific T‐cell clones against SAL‐expressing HLA‐B*4402. Further screening against the entire panel of SALs also showed additional cross‐reactivity against SAL‐expressing HLA‐B*5501. Functionality of the cross‐reactive T‐cell clones was confirmed by chromium release assay using phytohemagglutinin blasts as targets. SALs are an effective tool to detect cross‐reactivity of viral‐specific CD8 memory T‐cell clones against individual class I HLA molecules. This technique may have important implications for donor selection and monitoring of transplant recipients.
Pollination ecology of Isoglossa woodii, a long‐lived, synchronously monocarpic herb from coastal forests in South Africa
Authors: Griffiths M. E. , Tsvuura Z. , Franklin D. C. , Lawes M. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSynchronous monocarpy in long‐lived plants is often associated with pollination by wind, in part because infrequent mass flowering may satiate pollinators. Selfing in synchronous monocarps may provide reproductive assurance but conflict with the benefits of outcrossing, a key evolutionary driver of synchrony. We predicted that animal‐pollinated species with synchronous flowering would have unspecialised flowers and attract abundant generalised pollinators, but predictions for selfing and outcrossing frequencies were not obvious. We examined the pollination biology of Isoglossa woodii (Acanthaceae), an insect‐pollinated, monocarpic herb that flowers synchronously at 4–7‐year intervals. The most frequent visitor to I. woodii flowers was the African honeybee, Apis mellifera adansonii. Hand‐pollination failed to enhance seed production, indicating that the pollinators were not saturated. No seed was set in the absence of pollinators. Seed set was similar among selfed and outcrossed flowers, demonstrating a geitonogamous mixed‐mating strategy with no direct evidence of preferential outcrossing. Flowers contained four ovules, but most fruits only developed one seed, raising the possibility that preferential outcrossing occurs by post‐pollination processes. We argue that a number of the theoretical concerns about geitonogamous selfing as a form of reproductive assurance do not apply to a long‐lived synchronous monocarp such as I. woodii.
Genetic screening of the canine zinc finger protein multitype 2 (cZFPM2) gene in dogs with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Authors: Lee J.‐S. , Hyun C. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryA recent genetic study in humans where the ZFPM2 gene was screened for mutations revealed a heterozygous mutation that was found to contribute to several sporadic cases of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We hypothesized that this would also hold true for a study group of dogs with TOF. We isolated the full‐length cDNA of the canine ZFPM2 and aligned the deduced amino acid sequence against sequences from other species. Our analysis indicated that the canine ZFPM2 was phylogenetically much closer to the human ZFPM2 compared with the mouse or rat sequences. Further gene expression analysis also failed to identify differential gene expression between affected and unaffected dogs. We screened the cZFPM2 for mutations in a group of dogs with TOF but found no significant base changes in either the splice sites or the coding regions.
Analysis of Relationship between Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Alleles, Somatic Cell Count and milk Traits in Iranian Holstein Population
Authors: Pashmi M. , Qanbari S. , Ghorashi S.A. , Sharifi A.R. , Simianer H. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a gene complex closely linked to the vertebrate immune system due to its importance in antigen recognition and immune response to pathogens. To improve our understanding of the MHC and disease resistance in dairy cattle, we gathered 5119 test day records of somatic cell count (SCC) and performance traits of 262 Holstein dairy cows to determine whether the DRB region of the MHC contains alleles that are associated with elevated SCC, milk yield, protein and fat percent of milk. To this purpose, genotyping of animals for DRB3 gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. A two‐step PCR was carried out so as to amplify a 284 base‐pair fragment of exon 2 of the target gene. Second PCR products were treated with three restriction endonuclease enzymes RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Twenty‐eight BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were identified including one novel allele (*40). The results in general are in good accordance with allele frequencies of Holstein cattle populations reported by previous studies. Analyses of associations were modeled based on repeated measurement anova and generalized logistic linear methods for production traits and SCC data, respectively. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the elevated SCC reflecting an increased probability of occurrence to subclinical mastitis and DRB3.2 allele *8 (p < 0.03). The results also revealed significant positive relationships of alleles*22 (p < 0.01) and allele*11 (p < 0.05) with milk fat percent as well as of alleles*24 (p < 0.03) and *22 (p < 0.05) with protein percent. The present study failed to find any association between milk yield and tested alleles. Because of the lack of consistency among results of similar studies, we suggest further investigations to determine the precise nature of these associations with the high polymorphic bovine MHC region to be performed based on haplotypes.
Identification of descendants of an extinct bovine population from the Algarve region of Portugal using numerical taxonomy analysis of morphological traits
Authors: Sobral M.F. , Roberto C. , Navas D. , Palmilha I. , Lima M.B. , Cravador A. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe morphology of a sample of four bulls and 43 cows, presumed to be descendants of the extinct cattle breed ‘Algarvia’ (AG), was used to assign their relationship with animals from other Portuguese autochthonous breeds – Arouquesa (AR), Barrosã (BA), Cachena (CA), Marinhoa (MA), Maronesa (MO), Minhota (MN), Mirandesa (MI), (only bulls), Alentejana (AL), Garvonesa (GA), Mertolenga (ME) and Preta (PR). Standard numerical taxonomic methods were applied to a set of 183 (cows) and 170 (bulls) traits, to derive average pairwise taxonomic distances among the sample of 257 cows and 76 bulls. Distance coefficients (morphological index of distance) ranged from 0.22 to 2.62 (cows) and from 0.49 to 2.13 (bulls). Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA)‐based phenograms and a principal coordinate analysis showed that bulls were highly clustered and cows showed a tendency to cluster according to their geographical and breed origin. The AG population grouped together with GA, AL, ME and MN breeds in the Red Convex group. The average taxonomic distance among breeds was 1.02, the highest being 1.39 (ME versus BA) and the lowest being 0.64 (MA versus AR). The approach allowed for the identification of a phenotypically differentiated set of animals, comprising 19 cows and four bulls representative of the AG breed, and which can be targeted in further studies aiming at the recovery of this extinct breed.
Successful treatment of refractory bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with S‐1 (oral fluoropyrimidine)
Authors: KOBAYASHI Seiichi , FUJINO Naoya , SUZUKI Satoshi , YANAI Masaru 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTBronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is a distinct subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer for which there is no optimal therapy for non‐resectable or recurrent disease. This report describes a patient with BAC refractory to conventional chemotherapy but with a partial response to S‐1, oral fluoropyrimidine, resulting in symptom improvement and weaning from oxygen supplementation. Our observation suggests that S‐1 is a novel option for the treatment of advanced BAC.
Cumulative incidence of and predictive factors for lung cancer in IPF
Authors: OZAWA Yuichi , SUDA Takafumi , NAITO Tateaki , ENOMOTO Noriyuki , HASHIMOTO Dai , FUJISAWA Tomoyuki , NAKAMURA Yutaro , INUI Naoki , NAKAMURA Hirotoshi , CHIDA Kingo 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Previous studies have indicated a high incidence of lung cancer in IPF, and some have identified its risk factors. However, those studies were retrospective and the clinical characteristics of IPF patients developing lung cancer were evaluated only when those patients had developed the cancer. The true cumulative incidence of lung cancer after the diagnosis of IPF and its predictive factors at the initial diagnosis of IPF remain unknown. The present study was conducted to elucidate the cumulative incidence and risk factors for lung cancer in IPF patients by retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis.Methods:  The study group consisted of 103 IPF patients without lung cancer at the time of their initial diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The strength of association between several variables present at the initial diagnosis of IPF and the development of lung cancer was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results:  A total of 21 (20.4%) patients with IPF developed lung cancer during the observation period. The cumulative incidence rate of lung cancer increased as the duration of follow up increased (3.3%, 15.4% and 54.7% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that age and smoking at the initial diagnosis of IPF were significantly associated with lung cancer. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that age at initial diagnosis was an independent significant factor predicting lung cancer.Conclusions:  The cumulative incidence of lung cancer increased over time and age at diagnosis of IPF was independently associated with development of lung cancer.
Comparison of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen testing with a new cut‐off index and Aspergillus precipitating antibody testing for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: KITASATO Yasuhiko , TAO Yoshiaki , HOSHINO Tomoaki , TACHIBANA Kousuke , INOSHIMA Naoko , YOSHIDA Makoto , TAKATA Shohei , OKABAYASHI Kan , KAWASAKI Masayuki , IWANAGA Tomoaki , AIZAWA Hisamichi 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The usefulness of two tests in the serodiagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) was compared. The tests were the serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen test (Platelia (R) Aspergillus) by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) using old and new cut‐off indexes, and the Aspergillus precipitating antibody test.Methods:  Both Aspergillus‐precipitating antibody and Platelia Aspergillus EIA positivity were measured in the sera of 28 patients at the time of diagnosis of CPA.Results:  Serum Aspergillus precipitating antibody positivity was 89.3% (25/28) in CPA patients. Serum Platelia Aspergillus EIA positivity was 21.4% (6/28) using the old cut‐off index (≥1.5) and 50% (14/28) using the new cut‐off index (≥0.5)—still less than that for Aspergillus precipitating antibody. Three of the 28 CPA patients had positive reactions in the Platelia Aspergillus EIA using the old cut‐off index but not in the Aspergillus precipitating antibody test. Positivity for (1,3) β‐d glucan was 15.4%, and that for culture on CHROMagar Candida was 17.9%. One patient with pulmonary actinomycosis had a false‐positive reaction in the Platelia Aspergillus test with the new cut‐off index.Conclusions:  For the diagnosis of CPA, Aspergillus precipitating antibody testing is more sensitive than the Platelia Aspergillus EIA, even with the new cut‐off index. False‐positive reactions are observed with the Platelia Aspergillus EIA in patients with conditions such as pulmonary actinomycosis. Results should be interpreted with care when patients are positive for the Platelia Aspergillus EIA but negative for Aspergillus precipitating antibody.