bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Jayachandran S , Balaji N 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare unique disorder of the reticuloendothelial system characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes and eosinophilic leukocytes. Lichtenstein gave the term Histiocytosis X in 1953 to include three clinical varieties; Eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease, which shared some common histologic features and clinical findings. In 1973, the term LCH was introduced as an alternative to histiocytosis X. LCH may manifest orally with single or multiple lesions of the alveolar or basal bone, ulcerated mucosal lesions accompanied by adenopathies and/or periodontal lesions, presenting gingival inflammation, bleeding, recession, necrosis, mobility of teeth and premature loss of teeth. Herewith, we report a case of LCH in a 45-year-old male with a characteristic oral and radiological findings. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the unique and rare presentation of oral and multiple skeletal involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
A Rare Case of Gorlin Cyst in the Maxillary Anterior Edentulous Region
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Yadav NS , Guruprasad R 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The Gorlin cyst (calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst) is a rare lesion. Its clinical and radiological features are not pathognomonic, and is characterized by histological diversity. Radiographically, it presents as a unilocular or, occasionally, multilocular radiolucency that may contain calcified radiopacities or tooth-like densities. Microscopic appearance of odontogenic epithelium admixed with focal areas of dentinoid formation or calcification along with sheets of ghost cells gives the definitive diagnosis of Gorlin cyst. A rare case of Gorlin cyst, which present as swelling in the maxillary anterior edentulous region along with emphasis on review of literature, is presented in this paper.
Post Endodontic Restoration of Severely Decayed Primary Dentition: A Challenge to Pediatric Dental Surgeon
Authors: Srinivas N CH , Jayanthi M 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease. In early childhood caries, there is early pulpal involvement and gross destruction of the maxillary anterior teeth. This leads to decreased masticatory efficiency, difficulty in speech, psychological problems due to compromised esthetics, development of abnormal tongue habits and subsequent malocclusion. The restoration of severely decayed primary incisors is often a procedure that presents a special challenge to dentists, particularly in an uncooperative child. This case presents the clinical sequence of rehabilitation of upper anterior primary teeth, where endodontic treatments were done chairside followed by the construction of root post using stainless steel and the fabrication of crowns composed of resin.
Sialolipoma of Hard Palate: A Rare Variant of Lipoma
Authors: Manjunath M , Sharada P , Smitha T , Rakesh N 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The designation 'sialolipoma’ is given to a recently described histologic variant of lipoma characterized by well-demarcated proliferation of mature adipocytes with secondary entrapment of salivary gland elements. Nagao et al from Japan first described this new variant. These tumors have been observed in both the major and minor salivary glands with around 35 cases being reported in the English literature. The most common site for the tumor is the parotid (17 cases, 60.7%) followed by the hard palate (four cases, 14.2%). We report a similar case of sialolipoma arising in the hard palate presenting in a 45-year-old male. Diagnosed as an ordinary lipoma of the hard palate, complete surgical removal of the tumor was done. The histopathological features showed a well-encapsulated lesion exhibiting both adipose tissue and glandular epithelium, and based on the recent criteria of histological findings of sialolipoma, the tumor was diagnosed as sialolipoma of the hard palate. Because of its rarity, it was fitting to report this entity.
Ligation of Blocked-Out Incisors Simplified
Authors: Goel Sumant , Kodali Kiran Kumar , Tanveer Shameem , Srihari V 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Ligation of archwire into bracket by conventional method when the incisors are lingually or palatally placed is cumbersome, time consuming and is even worse when there is vertical discrepancy between the slots of adjacent brackets. In this article, we suggested a new method of ligating the blocked-out incisors. This method can also be used effectively to ligate the lingually tipped tooth due to bond failure during retraction phase.
Maxillofacial Injuries in the Pediatric Patient: An Overview
Authors: Singh Ranjit B , Prakash Jeevan V , Chaitan SN , Tandur Prakash S , Kokate Shilpa 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Children are uniquely susceptible to craniofacial trauma because of their greater cranial mass-to-body ratio. The pediatric population sustains 1 to 14.7% of all facial fractures. The majority of these injuries are encountered by boys (53.7-80%) who are involved in motor vehicle accidents (up to 80.2%). The incidence of other systemic injury concomitant to facial trauma is significant (10.4-88%). The management of the pediatric patient with maxillofacial injury should take into consideration, the differences in anatomy and physiology between children and adults, the presence of concomitant injury, the particular stage in growth and development (anatomic, physiologic and psychological), and the specific injuries and anatomic sites that the injuries affect. The greatest concern when treating the pediatric patient is the effect of the injury or treatment on growth and development. This is both anatomically and psychologically important and may have various effects on management for the different stages of psychological development.
Endovascular Electrocardiography to Guide Placement of Totally Implantable Central Venous Catheters in Oncologic Patients
Authors: Pelagatti Cecilia , Villa Gianluca , Casini Andrea , Chelazzi Cosimo , De Gaudio Angelo Raffaele 
Published: May 2011

Purpose Appropriate tip position of totally implantable central venous catheters is essential in order to prevent catheter-related complications, in particular thrombosis. Endovascular electrocardiography is an economic and safe method to guide placement of catheters into the central veins. Although widely utilized, there is still lack of conclusive evidence about its efficacy. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of endovascular electrocardiographic guided placement compared to the anthropometric method. Methods Endovascular ECG was employed to guide electrocardiographic placement of a central venous catheter in a cohort of oncologic patients. The rate of correct placement and the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis were considered. Patients in which central venous catheters were inserted with the anthropometric technique were considered as control group. Results The rate of correct placement was 91% and 50% for ECG-guided and anthropometric catheters (p<0.0001) respectively. None of the patients suffered from early insertion-related complications. The rate of catheter-related vascular thrombosis was lower for ECG-guided catheters (3.6% vs. 9.6%, n.s.), in particular for left-inserted catheters (0% vs. 33.3%, p=0.02). Conclusion Endovascular electrocardiography was more effective than the anthropometric technique in placement of implantable central venous catheters and was associated with a lower incidence of catheter-related thrombosis, in particular for those inserted from the left-side.
Pharmacogenomics in neurology: Current state and future steps
Authors: Chan Andrew , Pirmohamed Munir , Comabella Manuel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn neurology, as in any other clinical specialty, there is a need to develop treatment strategies that allow stratification of therapies to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Pharmacogenomics is one such method for therapy optimization: it aims to elucidate the relationship between human genome sequence variation and differential drug responses. Approaches have focused on candidate approaches investigating absorption‐, distribution‐, metabolism, and elimination (ADME)‐related genes (pharmacokinetic pathways), and potential drug targets (pharmacodynamic pathways). To date, however, only few genetic variants have been incorporated into clinical algorithms. Unfortunately, a large number of studies have thrown up contradictory results due to a number of deficiencies, including small sample sizes, inadequate phenotyping, and genotyping strategies. Thus, there still exists an urgent need to establish biomarkers that could help to select for patients with an optimal benefit to risk relationship. Here we review recent advances, and limitations, in pharmacogenomics for agents used in neuroimmunology, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke, epilepsy, and primary headaches. Further work is still required in all of these areas, which really needs to progress on several fronts, including better standardized phenotyping, appropriate sample sizes through multicenter collaborations and judicious use of new technological advances such as genome‐wide approaches, next generation sequencing and systems biology. In time, this is likely to lead to improvements in the benefit‐harm balance of neurological therapies, cost efficiency, and identification of new drugs. Ann Neurol 2011
Mathematical concept of the Bloch flow equations for general magnetic resonance imaging: A review
Authors: Awojoyogbe O.B. , Dada O.M. , Faromika O.P. , Dada O.E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe recent analytical solutions to the Bloch NMR equations for a general RF excitation have opened many possibilities for further investigations to NMR theory and experiments even at the molecular level. Fortunately, many of the most important but hidden applications of blood flow and general physiological fluid flow parameters can be revealed without too much difficulty if appropriate mathematical techniques are used to explore the new NMR equations derived from the Bloch equations. Generally, we should be very much concerned with analytical results that the Bloch NMR flow equations can provide for different physical, biomedical, geophysical, medical, and environmental situations especially at the molecular level for the purpose of interdisciplinary approach to solve difficult problems. It can be motivating, exciting, and rewarding if attention are focused on the possible application of these analytical techniques and methods suitable for describing each of the various normal and pathological biological conditions. Most solutions presented in this study are described both in isotropic and anisotropic geometries with minimum mathematical assumptions. We discussed a general expression for the diffusion coefficients in the common geometries. These analytical results can prove to be very invaluable in the analysis of restricted flows. It is so much special because it could tell us when restricted flows occur and also reveal the causes of such restriction. Such knowledge can help in finding the causes of many diseases (whose causes are yet unknown) and suggest the best treatment for them. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 85–101, 2011.
Analysis of polycrystal acrylamide by electron spin resonance and thermo‐analytical methods
Authors: Usta Ayhan , Filiz Ali , Birey Mehmet , Ozmen Ayhan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed on acrylamide (C3H5NO) polycrystal samples. The samples were irradiated at 298 K for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h using 60Co – gamma source. ESR measurements were carried out between 120 and 450 K. The ESR signals were recorded from the samples exposed to 60Co – gamma rays for 72 and 96 h. Between 120 and 450 K the spectra changed in a manner roughly. It was detected by means of e.s.r. spectra that unpaired electron took place due to scission of pi bond in the carbon–carbon double bonds in the substance. The produced radiation damage center on the sample was attributed to ·CH2‐CH‐R Additionally, thermal behavior of the acrylamide samples were investigated by using TGA and DTA methods. It was observed that both irradiated and not irradiated samples decomposed at three steps. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 102–106, 2011.
Analysis of NMR spectra in case of temperature‐dependent chemical exchange between two unequally populated sites
Authors: Římal Václav , Štěpánková Helena , Štěpánek Josef 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new approach is introduced for analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra measured under conditions of asymmetric chemical exchange. It is based on a simultaneous least‐square fit of a due analytical formula to the experimental NMR spectrum. For this reason, we derived the analytical solution of Bloch‐McConnell equations describing the spectral lineshape in the case of the free induction decay and chemical exchange between two unequally populated sites. The obtained formula is shown to be in agreement with the one derived for continuous wave NMR experiments first published in fifties. On the other hand, typing errors were found in formulae presented in later monographs. Applicability of the approach to extensive NMR data was demonstrated on proton NMR spectra of a self‐complementary oligodeoxynucleotide d(GATGCATC) measured at various temperatures covering the duplex melting. The lineshape analysis of aromatic proton signals provided us the temperature dependence not only of the equilibrium ratio between duplexes and single strands, but also of the kinetics of duplex formation and dissociation, which is not obtainable for a sample in the state of thermodynamic equilibrium by other methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 117–127, 2011.
Converting the chemical shift artifact to a spectral image
Authors: Servoss Thomas G. , Hornak Joseph P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe chemical shift artifact in magnetic resonance imaging is an undesirable misregistration of components of an image due to their chemical shift differences. The artifact is most prevalent at high magnetic fields with small field gradients and low sampling rates. Exploiting this relationship allows the acquisition of spectral information for each and every voxel of a magnetic resonance image, which in turn provides the opportunity for multispectral diagnosis and analysis approaches. A method of transforming a set of images with different amounts of the chemical shift artifact into a spatial–spatial‐spectral image is presented. The transformation is demonstrated on tomographic magnetic resonance images of a chemical shift phantom and the human leg. As with all spectral imaging techniques, this one is also sensitive to magnetic susceptibility variations across the field of view. The technique can readily separate water and lipid and has a spectral resolution approaching 0.4 ppm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 107–116, 2011.
Proof that gmT2 is the reciprocal of gmR2
Authors: Bjarnason Thorarin A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhen performing multiexponential analysis of relaxation times in the slow exchange regime, it is often convenient to simplify the resulting distribution to one or more relaxation time constants. In doing so, what averaging method should be used and should the rate constant or time constant be reported? This note outlines why the geometric mean is most appropriate and provides a proof that the geometric mean rate and geometric mean time constants are reciprocals, which is counter‐intuitive unless one considers that averaging values in a distribution is different than physically averaging relaxation species. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38A: 128–131, 2011.
Association between participant‐identified problems and depression severity in problem‐solving therapy for low‐income homebound older adults
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , Hegel Mark T. , Marinucci Mary Lynn , Sirrianni Leslie , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the severity of baseline depressive symptoms and the problems that low‐income homebound older adults (n = 66) identified in their problem‐solving therapy (PST) sessions.MethodsDepressive symptoms were measured with the 24‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Participant‐identified problems recorded in the therapists' worksheets were coded into seven categories: living arrangement/housing issues, financial/health care expense issues, family or other relationship issues, hygiene/task issues, social isolation issues, physical/functional health issues, and mental/emotional health issues. T‐tests and ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to examine differences in HAMD scores between those who identified any problem in each category and those who did not.ResultsParticipants who had living arrangement/housing and family or other relationship issues had higher baseline HAMD scores than the rest of the participants. At 2‐week posttest, those with living arrangement/housing issues continued to have higher HAMD scores than the others, whereas those with family or other relationship issues did not.ConclusionThe study findings provide insights into the problems that low‐income, depressed homebound individuals bring to their PST sessions. It was not clear if family conflict or other relationship issues contributed to their depression or vice versa, but it appears that PST may have contributed to alleviating depressive symptoms associated with these issues. Precarious living/housing situations appeared to have had a serious depressogenic effect and could not be easily resolved within a short time frame of the PST process, as these issues required formal support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consequence of dose scheduling of sunitinib on host immune response elements and vaccine combination therapy
Authors: Farsaci Benedetto , Higgins Jack P. , Hodge James W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOur study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of sunitinib to rationally design combinational platforms with immunotherapies for the treatment of solid tumors. Using a mouse model, we studied the effects of sunitinib given for 4 weeks at concentrations comparable to 37.5–50 mg/day in humans, followed by 2 weeks off the drug (sunitinib 4/2). We assessed the effect of differently timed combinations of sunitinib and a poxvirus‐based vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plus 3 costimulatory molecules on immune responses in CEA‐transgenic (CEA‐Tg) mice. Antitumor studies were performed in CEA‐Tg mice bearing CEA‐transfected MC38 murine colon carcinomas (MC38‐CEA), treated either concurrently or sequentially with sunitinib and vaccine. In vitro, sunitinib inhibited PDGFR phosphorylation on MC38‐CEA cells at concentrations similar to those biologically available during human treatment. In vivo, one cycle of sunitinib 4/2 caused bimodal immune effects: (a) decreased regulatory cells during the 4 weeks of treatment and (b) an immune‐suppression rebound during the 2 weeks of treatment interruption. In a model using CEA‐Tg mice bearing CEA+ tumors, continuous sunitinib followed by vaccine increased intratumoral infiltration of antigen‐specific T lymphocytes, decreased immunosuppressant T regulatory cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, reduced tumor volumes and increased survival. The immunomodulatory activity of continuous sunitinib administration can create a more immune‐permissive environment. In combination with immunotherapies, sunitinib treatment should precede vaccine, to precondition the immune system, to maximize the response to vaccine‐mediated immune enhancement.
Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing skeletal architecture in mice: Emergence of Cdh11 as a primary candidate gene regulating femoral morphology
Authors: Farber Charles R , Kelly Scott A , Baruch Ethan , Yu Daniel , Hua Kunjie , Nehrenberg Derrick L , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel , Buus Ryan J , Garland Theodore , Pomp Daniel 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Bone strength is influenced by many properties intrinsic to bone, including its mass, geometry, and mineralization. To further advance our understanding of the genetic basis of bone-strength-related traits, we used a large (n = 815), moderately (G4) advanced intercross line (AIL) of mice derived from a high-runner selection line (HR) and the C57BL/6J inbred strain. In total, 16 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified that affected areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and femoral length and width. Four significant (p &lt; .05) and one suggestive (p &lt; .10) QTLs were identified for three aBMD measurements: total body, vertebral, and femoral. A QTL on chromosome (Chr.) 3 influenced all three aBMD measures, whereas the other four QTLs were unique to a single measure. A total of 10 significant and one suggestive QTLs were identified for femoral length (FL) and two measures of femoral width, anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). FL QTLs were distinct from loci affecting AP and ML width, and of the 7 AP QTLs, only three affected ML. A QTL on Chr. 8 that explained 7.1% and 4.0% of the variance in AP and ML, respectively, was mapped to a 6-Mb region harboring 12 protein-coding genes. The pattern of haplotype diversity across the QTL region and expression profiles of QTL genes suggested that of the 12, cadherin 11 (Cdh11) was most likely the causal gene. These findings, when combined with existing data from gene knockouts, identify Cdh11 as a strong candidate gene within which genetic variation may affect bone morphology. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Patients' perceptions of life shift after deep brain stimulation for primary dystonia—A qualitative study
Authors: Hariz Gun‐Marie , Limousin Patricia , Tisch Stephen , Jahanshahi Marjan , Fjellman‐Wiklund Anncristine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStudies of deep brain stimulation for dystonia have shown significant motor improvement. However, patients' perceptions of surgery and its effects have been less studied. We aimed to explore perceptions of changes in life in patients with primary dystonia after deep brain stimulation. Thirteen patients underwent thematic interviews 8–60 months after pallidal deep brain stimulation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with grounded theory. Patients described a profound impact of dystonia on daily life. After surgery, physical changes with a more upright posture and fewer spasms translated into an easier, more satisfying life with greater confidence. Notwithstanding this positive outcome, the transition from a limited life before surgery to opportunities for a better life exhibited obstacles: The “new life” after deep brain stimulation was stressful, including concern about being dependent on the stimulator as well as having to deal with interfering side effects from deep brain stimulation. The whole coping process meant that patients had to quickly shift focus from struggling to adapt to a slowly progressive disorder to adjustment to a life with possibilities, but also with new challenges. In this demanding transition process, patients wished to be offered better professional guidance and support. Even though deep brain stimulation provides people with primary dystonia with a potential for better mobility and more confidence, patients experienced new challenges and expressed the need for support and counseling after surgery. Grounded theory is a useful method to highlight patients' own experience and contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of deep brain stimulation on patients with dystonia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society