bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus for Dry Needling for Plantar Heel Pain (Plantar Fasciitis): A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Cotchett Matthew P , Landorf Karl B , Munteanu Shannon E , Raspovic Anita M 
Published: April 2011

Hypothesis Plantar heel pain (plantar fasciitis) is a common and disabling condition. A variety of treatment options are available to patients with plantar heel, however the evidence for these treatments is generally weak and the best way to manage plantar heel pain remains unclear. Trigger point dry needling is increasingly used as an adjunct therapy for musculoskeletal pain. In patients with plantar heel pain this technique is thought to improve muscle activation patterns, increase joint range of motion and alleviate pain. However, there have been no randomised controlled trials that have evaluated the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain. Methods In order to develop a treatment protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain we conducted a three stage modified Delphi process using a web-based survey technique. Over a series of three iterations, 30 experts (participants) worldwide indicated their level of agreement on specific issues relating to the use of dry needling for plantar heel pain including their treatment rationale, needling details and treatment regimen. Consensus for a dry needling protocol for plantar heel pain was achieved when >60% of participants (IQR ≤ 1.0 category on 5-point Likert scale) agreed the protocol was adequate. Results The response rate was 75% (n=30), 100% (n=30) and 93% (n=28) in the first, second and third rounds respectively. Round 1 helped generate a list of 10 items that were deemed important for developing a dry needling protocol for plantar heel pain. These 10 items were subsequently presented in Round 2. Of these, 5 of the 10 items met the criteria to be included in a dry needling protocol for plantar heel pain that was presented in the final round, Round 3. Items that did not meet the criteria were either removed or amended and then presented in Round 3. In the final round, 93% of participants (IQR range = 1) agreed the proposed dry needling protocol for plantar heel pain was adequate. The protocol can now be used in future research projects designed to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling for plantar heel pain.
HIDDEN CONFORMAL SYMMETRY OF ROTATING NS5-BRANES IN EXTREMAL LIMIT
Authors: SETARE M. R. , KAMALI V. 
Published: April 2011

We show that extremal rotating NS5-branes space–times have a hidden conformal symmetry. In this regard, we consider the wave equation of a massless scalar field propagating in extremal NS5-branes space–times and find in the "near region," the wave equation in extremal limit can be written in terms of the SL (2, R) quadratic Casimir. Moreover, we obtain the microscopic entropy of the extremal NS5-branes space–times, also we calculate the correlation function of a near-region scalar field and find perfect agreement with the dual 2D CFT.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF WEDGE WATER ENTRY BY USING SCHWARTZ–CHRISTOFFEL CONFORMAL MAPPING
Authors: GHADIMI PARVIZ , SAADATKHAH AMIR , DASHTIMANESH ABBAS 
Published: April 2011

Water impact is one of the most critical phenomena from the viewpoint of the structural design of ships and offshore structures. The impact force can impose a large load with high local pressure on the body surface. On the other hand, determination of the maximum impact force during impact and acting point itself is very important in the design of floats. In this paper, the water entry of a two-dimensional wedge section is considered. This study is carried out in the framework of a potential-flow assumption. In particular, water impact on a dropping wedge with a constant velocity is pursued analytically by using the Schwartz–Christoffel conformal mapping. In order to determine a position of the wedge where the instantaneous effective force is largest during the impact, a particular equation is introduced here for the first time. The pressure distribution and maximum impact force are also calculated. The obtained results are compared against other numerical and experimental works and favorable agreement is displayed.
Test of Universal Rise of Hadronic Total Cross Sections Based on πp, Kp, \-pp and pp Scatterings
Authors: Ishida Muneyuki , Igi Keiji 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
There are several evidences of the hadronic total cross section σtot to be proportional to B log2s consistent with the Froissart unitarity bound. The COMPETE collaboration has further assumed σtot ≃ B log2(s/s0) + Z to extend its universal rise with the common value of B for all hadronic scatterings to reduce the number of adjustable parameters. The coefficient B is suggested to be universal in the arguments of color glass condensate (CGC) of QCD. There has been, however, no rigorous proof yet based only on QCD. We attempt to investigate the values of B for πxxxp, Kxxxp and p¯p, pp scatterings respectively through the search for the simultaneous best fit to the experimental σtot and ρ ratios at high energies. The σtot at the resonance and intermediate energy regions has also been exploited as a duality constraint based on the special form of finite-energy sum rule (FESR). We estimate the values of B individually for πxxxp, Kxxxp and p¯p, pp scatterings without using the universality hypothesis. It turs out that the values of B are mutually consistent within one standard deviation, and the universal rise of hadronic total cross sections is strongly suggested. It has to be stressed that we cannot obtain such a definite conclusion without the duality constraint.
FOXO1 Inhibits Runx2 Transcriptional Activity and Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Pan Yunqian , Zheng Li , Choe Chungyoul , Lindgren Bruce , Jensen Eric D. , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Cheng Liang , Huang Haojie 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Prostate cancer patients with regional lymph node involvement at radical prostatectomy often experience disease progression to other organs, with the bone as the predominant site. The transcription factor Runx2 plays an important role in bone formation and prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here we showed that the forkhead box O (FOXO1) protein, a key downstream effector of the tumor suppressor PTEN, inhibits the transcriptional activity of Runx2 in prostate cancer cells. This inhibition was enhanced by PTEN but diminished by active Akt. FOXO1 bound to Runx2 in vitro and in vivo and suppressed Runx2's activity independent of its transcriptional function. FOXO1 inhibited Runx2-promoted migration of prostate cancer cells, whereas silencing of endogenous FOXO1 enhanced prostate cancer cell migration in a Runx2-dependent manner. Forced expression of FOXO1 also inhibited Runx2-promoted prostate cancer cell invasion. Finally, we found that expression of PTEN and the level of FOXO1 in the nucleus is inversely correlated with expression of Runx2 in a cohort of prostate cancer specimens from patients with lymph node and bone metastasis. These data reveal FOXO1 as a critical negative regulator of Runx2 in prostate cancer cells. Inactivation of FOXO1 due to frequent loss of PTEN in prostate cancer cells may leave the oncogenic activities of Runx2 unchecked, thereby driving promiscuous expression of Runx2 target genes involved in cell migration and invasion and favoring prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3257–67. ©2011 AACR.
The ABL Switch Control Inhibitor DCC-2036 Is Active against the Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Mutant BCR-ABLT315I and Exhibits a Narrow Resistance Profile
Authors: Eide Christopher A. , Adrian Lauren T. , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Mac Partlin Mary , Anderson David J. , Wise Scott C. , Smith Bryan D. , Petillo Peter A. , Flynn Daniel L. , Deininger Michael W.N. , O'Hare Thomas , Druker Brian J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAcquired point mutations within the BCR-ABL kinase domain represent a common mechanism of resistance to ABL inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The BCR-ABLT315I mutant is highly resistant to imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, and is frequently detected in relapsed patients. This critical gap in resistance coverage drove development of DCC-2036, an ABL inhibitor that binds the switch control pocket involved in conformational regulation of the kinase domain. We evaluated the efficacy of DCC-2036 against BCR-ABLT315I and other mutants in cellular and biochemical assays and conducted cell-based mutagenesis screens. DCC-2036 inhibited autophosphorylation of ABL and ABLT315I enzymes, and this activity was consistent with selective efficacy against Ba/F3 cells expressing BCR-ABL (IC50: 19 nmol/L), BCR-ABLT315I (IC50: 63 nmol/L), and most kinase domain mutants. Ex vivo exposure of CML cells from patients harboring BCR-ABL or BCR-ABLT315I to DCC-2036 revealed marked inhibition of colony formation and reduced phosphorylation of the direct BCR-ABL target CrkL. Cell-based mutagenesis screens identified a resistance profile for DCC-2036 centered around select P-loop mutations (G250E, Q252H, Y253H, E255K/V), although a concentration of 750 nmol/L DCC-2036 suppressed the emergence of all resistant clones. A decreased concentration of DCC-2036 (160 nmol/L) in dual combination with either nilotinib or dasatinib achieved the same zero outgrowth result. Further screens for resistance due to BCR-ABL compound mutations (two mutations in the same clone) identified BCR-ABLE255V / T315I as the most resistant mutant. Taken together, these findings support continued evaluation of DCC-2036 as an important new agent for treatment-refractory CML. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3189–95. ©2011 AACR.
mRNA and microRNA Expression Profiles in Circulating Tumor Cells and Primary Tumors of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Sieuwerts Anieta M. , Mostert Bianca , Bolt-de Vries Joan , Peeters Dieter , de Jongh Felix E. , Stouthard Jacqueline M.L. , Dirix Luc Y. , van Dam Peter A. , Van Galen Anne , de Weerd Vanja , Kraan Jaco , van der Spoel Petra , Ramírez-Moreno Raquel , van Deurzen Carolien H.M. , Smid Marcel , Yu Jack X. , Jiang John , Wang Yixin , Gratama Jan W. , Sleijfer Stefan , Foekens John A. , Martens John W.M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) holds great promise. Unfortunately, routinely isolated CTC fractions currently still contain contaminating leukocytes, which makes CTC-specific molecular characterization extremely challenging. In this study, we determined mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression of potentially CTC-specific genes that are considered to be clinically relevant in breast cancer.
Experimental Design: CTCs were isolated with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule–based CellSearch Profile Kit. Selected genes were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR in CTCs of 50 metastatic breast cancer patients collected before starting first-line systemic therapy in blood from 53 healthy blood donors (HBD) and in primary tumors of 8 of the patients. The molecular profiles were associated with CTC counts and clinical parameters and compared with the profiles generated from the corresponding primary tumors.
Results: We identified 55 mRNAs and 10 miRNAs more abundantly expressed in samples from 32 patients with at least 5 CTCs in 7.5 mL of blood compared with samples from 9 patients without detectable CTCs and HBDs. Clustering analysis resulted in 4 different patient clusters characterized by 5 distinct gene clusters. Twice the number of patients from cluster 2 to 4 had developed both visceral and nonvisceral metastases. Comparing transcript levels in CTCs with those measured in corresponding primary tumors showed clinically relevant discrepancies in estrogen receptor and HER2 levels.
Conclusions: Our study shows that molecular profiling of low numbers of CTCs in a high background of leukocytes is feasible and shows promise for further studies on the clinical relevance of molecular characterization of CTCs. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3600–18. ©2011 AACR.
Caffeine Decreases Phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) and Increases Mitotic Cells with Cyclin B1 and Caspase 3 in Tumors from UVB-Treated Mice
Authors: Lu Yao-Ping , Lou You-Rong , Peng Qing-Yun , Nghiem Paul , Conney Allan H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oral administration of caffeine to mice inhibits UVB-induced carcinogenesis, and these results are paralleled by epidemiology studies indicating that caffeinated coffee and tea intake (but not decaffeinated beverage intake) is associated with decreased incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Topical applications of caffeine to the skin of SKH-1 mice that had previously been treated with UVB inhibited subsequent skin tumor development and stimulated apoptosis in tumors but not in nontumor areas of the epidermis. This study sought to determine the basis of these differential effects on tumor versus nontumor sites that can be induced by caffeine, long after all UVB treatment has ceased. The activation status of the ATR/Chk1 pathway in UVB-induced tumors and uninvolved skin was determined by quantitating phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) and induction of lethal mitosis in vivo in the presence and absence of topical caffeine treatment. In the absence of caffeine, we found that UVB-induced tumors often had islands of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) staining cells that were not present in nontumor areas of the epidermis. Treatment of mice with topical caffeine significantly diminished phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) staining and increased the number of mitotic cells that expressed cyclin B1 and caspase 3 in tumors, consistent with caffeine-induced lethal mitosis selectively in tumors. We hypothesize that compared with adjacent uninvolved skin, UVB-induced skin tumors have elevated activation of, and dependence on, the ATR/Chk1 pathway long after UVB exposure has ceased and that caffeine can induce apoptosis selectively in tumors by inhibiting this pathway and promoting lethal mitosis. Cancer Prev Res; 4(7); 1118–25. ©2011 AACR.
Evaluation of a modified thromboelastography assay for the screening of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Topf Hans-Georg , Weiss Dominik , Lischetzki Grischa , Strasser Erwin , Rascher Wolfgang , Rauh Manfred 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThromboelastography (TEG) has been shown to be a valuable point-of-care device for the rapid diagnosis of various bleeding disorders. However, TEG has thus far not been used for the screening for von Willebrand disease (VWD). We evaluated the performance of a modified TEG assay for the laboratory screening of VWD. Three hundred twenty-eight patients (148 male, 180 female, median age 8.4 years, range 0.1 – 72.7 years) were included in the study. The diagnosis and classification of patients was based on personal and familial case history, von Willebrand factor antigen, ristocetin cofactor levels, collagen binding assay, factor VIII coagulant activity and multimer analysis. The ratio of clot strength after preincubation with ristocetin, and without ristocetin, represents the component of clot strength that is formed by cross-linked fibrin fibres and is dependent on the agglutinated platelet fraction. The decrease of the maximum amplitude is a function of the ristocetin concentration and provides a diagnostic parameter able to differentiate between healthy individuals and patients having VWD. Based on a preliminary cut-off value of 25% for the area under the curve (AUC) ratio, the sensitivity varied from 53% to 100% for the different VWD patient groups. The test is suitable for use as a screening test using whole blood and has the additional benefit of being suitable as a point of care test. It appears also useful for monitoring responses to desmopressin (DDAVP) and infusion therapy.
Recent Changes in Practice of Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina
Authors: Ahmed Bina , Dauerman Harold L. , Piper Winthrop D. , Robb John F. , Verlee M. Peter , Ryan Thomas J. , Goldberg David , Boss Richard A. , Phillips William J. , Fedele Frank , Butzel David , Malenka David J. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
The COURAGE (Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation) trial was designed to compare optimal medical therapy alone versus optimal medical therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease and showed equal efficacy for optimal medical therapy with or without PCI. The impact of results from the COURAGE trial on clinical practice is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed 26 388 consecutive patients from the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease PCI Registry who underwent PCI between January 2006 and June 2009. We identified a COURAGE-like patient group as patients who were undergoing (1) an elective procedure; (2) for an indication of stable angina; and (3) on the day of admission (ie, the date of admission was the same as the procedure date). All other PCI patients were placed in an “other indications” cohort. We compared temporal trends in overall volume in PCI for stable angina and for other indications, comparing quarterly time periods before and after release of COURAGE in March 2007. Over the study period, there was a statistically significant decrease in total PCI volume from 2064 in Quarter 1 2006 (before COURAGE) to 1708 in Quarter 3 2007 (after COURAGE) (
P
<0.01). These trends were sustained through June 2009, with an approximate 16% peak relative reduction in all PCI compared with before COURAGE. As a percentage of all PCI, stable angina reached a high of 20.9% before COURAGE and began to decrease immediately after publication of COURAGE in Quarter 2 2007 to 16.1% (
P
<0.01). Among patients undergoing PCI for stable angina, there was a significant 26% peak decrease in post-COURAGE PCI volumes compared with pre-COURAGE Quarter 1 2006 (
P
trend, 0.01), which was maintained through the end of the study period.

Conclusions—
Publication of results from the COURAGE trial was temporally associated with a significant and sustained decline in the use of PCI to treat patients with stable angina. The long-term impact of this change in practice on patient outcomes remains to be determined.
Prompt Repeat Testing After Out-of-Range INR Values
Authors: Rose Adam J. , Hylek Elaine M. , Berlowitz Dan R. , Ash Arlene S. , Reisman Joel I. , Ozonoff Al 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Improved control of oral anticoagulation reduces adverse events. A program of quality measurement is needed for oral anticoagulation. The interval until the next test after an out-of-range International Normalized Ratio (INR) value (the “follow-up interval”) could serve as a process of care measure.

Methods and Results—

We studied 104 451 patients cared for by 100 anticoagulation clinics in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). For each site, we computed the average follow-up interval after low (≤1.5) or high (≥4.0) INR. Our outcome was each site's average anticoagulation control, measured by percent time in therapeutic range (TTR); 59 837 patients (57%) contributed to the low INR analysis, 37 697 (36%) contributed to the high INR analysis, and all patients contributed to the dependent variable (mean site TTR). After a low INR, site mean follow-up interval ranged from 10 to 24 days. Longer follow-up intervals were associated with worse site-level control (1.04% lower for each additional day,
P
<0.001). After a high INR, site mean follow-up interval ranged from 6 to 18 days, with longer follow-up intervals associated with worse site-level control (1.12% lower for each additional day,
P
<0.001). These relationships were somewhat attenuated but still highly statistically significant when the proportion of INR values in-range was used as the dependent variable rather than TTR.

Conclusions—
Prompt repeat testing after out-of-range INR values is associated with better anticoagulation control at the site level and could be an important part of a quality improvement effort for oral anticoagulation.
Evaluation of a home-based physiotherapy programme for those with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Miller L , Paul L , Mattison P , McFadyen A 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To investigate the effect of an eight-week home-based physiotherapy programme in reducing physical impairment, disability and psychological distress for people with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis (MS). Design: Pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community; subjects’ homes. Subjects: Thirty people moderately to severely affected by MS (Extended Disability Status Score, EDSS, 6.5–8) were randomized to an intervention or control group. Intervention: The intervention group received twice weekly, home-based physiotherapy for eight weeks and the control group received usual care. Main measures: The following outcome measures were recorded at baseline, post-intervention (Week 8) and at follow-up (Week 16). Primary outcome measure; Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS29) and secondary outcome measures assessed physical impairment, MS symptoms, quality of life, mood, and disability. Results: Although the Group * Time interaction failed to reach statistical significance with MSIS29 (p = 0.925), MS – related symptom checklist (MS-RS) (p = 0.627) and for lower limb strength, right knee extension (p = 0.375) and right knee flexion (p = 0.794), there is more evidence of altered levels in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion: A minimum of 58 subjects per group are required to achieve a power of 80% at the 5% level of significance based on the MSIS29. A larger scale study is required.
Facilitation of motor and balance recovery by thermal intervention for the paretic lower limb of acute stroke: a single-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chen Jia-Ching , Lin Chun-Hsiang , Wei Yu-Chun , Hsiao Jung , Liang Chung-Chao 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of thermal stimulation accompanied by either active or passive movement added to standard rehabilitation in facilitating motor and balance function of the paretic leg of acute stroke. Design: Pilot, observer-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Setting: Department of rehabilitation medicine in a general hospital. Subjects: Thirty-six patients were enrolled within four weeks of the onset of a stroke causing moderate to severe leg paresis (Brunnstrom stage ≤III). Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to thermal (standard rehabilitation plus approximately 30–40 minutes of thermal stimulation therapy daily for six weeks) and control (standard rehabilitation only) groups. Main measures: Fugl–Meyer lower extremity score, Medical Research Council scale for lower extremity, Modified Motor Assessment Scale, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients Trunk Control, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification and Modified Ashworth Scale. Results: Patients in the thermal group experienced significantly better median scores for Fugl–Meyer lower extremity (14.0; interquartile range, 10.5–15.5), Medical Research Council scale for lower extremity (6.0; 4.0–7.0), Modified Motor Assessment Scale (16.0; 12.5–18.5), Berg Balance Scale (28.0; 20.5–33.5), and Functional Ambulation Classification (2.0; 2.0–2.0) (all P < 0.05). The thermal group also had more independent walkers (15/17; 88.2%) than the control group (9/16; 56.3%) after six weeks ( P = 0.06). No adverse effect occurred. Conclusions: Thermal stimulation accompanied by either manual facilitation or encouragement for active participation of the paretic lower limb may be an effective promising supplementary treatment for the early-phase rehabilitation of moderate to severe stroke that warrants additional study.