bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-Based Differences in Outcome After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autografts
Authors: Tohyama Harukazu , Kondo Eiji , Hayashi Riku , Kitamura Nobuto , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: June 2011

Background: Although previous studies suggested that female patients are predisposed to increase graft laxity compared with male patients after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons, there have been no studies specifically examining gender-based differences in outcome after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts. Hypotheses: (1) Female patients have significantly smaller hamstring graft diameters than do men for anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery; (2) female patients will have increased graft laxity compared with male patients after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The consecutive 174 patients who underwent anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons were enrolled. Of these patients, 49 women and 73 men were prospectively evaluated 2 years after surgery. Results: The diameters for anteromedial and posterolateral grafts in the female group were significantly smaller than those in the male group. On Lachman testing, 98% of the female group and 97% of the male group were rated as negative. Regarding the pivot-shift test, 80% of the female group and 85% of the male group were rated as negative. No significant differences were found between the female and male groups in these tests. The average side-to-side differences in the KT-2000 knee ligament arthrometer values were 1.3 mm in the female group and 1.4 mm in the male group; this difference between females and males was not statistically significant. The average Lysholm scores were 96.7 points in the female group and 97.2 points in the male group. Thirty-five cases (73%) in the female group and 54 cases (74%) in the male group were graded as normal on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation. There were no significant differences in Lysholm score or IKDC evaluation between the female and male groups. Conclusion: The results of assessment for ligament laxity at the 2-year postoperative evaluation in the female group were approximately identical to those of the male group after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons. Therefore, the present study suggests that anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendons provides satisfactory knee stability to female patients as well as male patients.
Histones induce rapid and profound thrombocytopenia in mice
Authors: Fuchs Tobias A. , Bhandari Ashish A. , Wagner Denisa D. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Histones are released from dying cells and contribute to antimicrobial defense during infection. However, extracellular histones are a double-edged sword because they also damage host tissue and may cause death. We studied the interactions of histones with platelets. Histones bound to platelets, induced calcium influx, and recruited plasma adhesion proteins such as fibrinogen to induce platelet aggregation. Hereby fibrinogen cross-linked histone-bearing platelets and triggered microaggregation. Fibrinogen interactions with αIIbβ3 integrins were not required for this process but were necessary for the formation of large platelet aggregates. Infused histones associated with platelets in vivo and caused a profound thrombocytopenia within minutes after administration. Mice lacking platelets or αIIbβ3 integrins were protected from histone-induced death but not from histone-induced tissue damage. Heparin, at high concentrations, prevented histone interactions with platelets and protected mice from histone-induced thrombocytopenia, tissue damage, and death. Heparin and histones are evolutionary maintained. Histones may combine microbicidal with prothrombotic properties to fight invading microbes and maintain hemostasis after injury. Heparin may provide an innate counter mechanism to neutralize histones and diminish collateral tissue damage.
Clearance of circulating activated platelets in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Maugeri Norma , Malato Simona , Femia Eti A. , Pugliano Mariateresa , Campana Lara , Lunghi Francesca , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Lussana Federico , Podda GianMarco , Cattaneo Marco , Ciceri Fabio , Manfredi Angelo A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) are characterized by persistent platelet activation. The mechanisms involved in their clearance are poorly characterized. In the present study, we report that leukocytes were actively involved in platelet disposal in 51 patients with ET and 30 with PV, but not in 70 age- and sex-matched controls. The fraction of circulating neutrophils and monocytes that had phagocytosed platelets, as assessed by flow cytometry, was significantly higher in patients with PV or ET, independently of hydroxyurea treatment, than in controls. Platelet phagocytosis by circulating leukocytes was confirmed by confocal and electron microscopy. The lack of effect of hydroxyurea, which disrupts the P-selectin/P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) interaction, suggests a P-selectin–independent mechanism. This hypothesis was confirmed in an ad hoc animal model based on the in vivo injection of activated platelets from P-selectin+/+ and P-selectin−/− mice. P-selectin expression was associated with an earlier and effective clearance of platelets by neutrophils. A second delayed, P-selectin–independent phase actively involved monocytes. Our results suggest that phagocytic clearance of platelets by leukocytes occurs in PV and ET, possibly involving P-selectin–dependent and -independent pathways, thus representing a novel mechanism to remove activated platelets from the circulation.
Supplementation with vitamin A early in life and subsequent risk of asthma
Authors: Checkley W. , West K.P. , Wise R.A. , Wu L. , LeClerq S.C. , Khatry S. , Katz J. , Christian P. , Tielsch J.M. , Sommer A. 
Published: June 2011

Animal models suggest that vitamin A deficiency affects lung development adversely and promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, and may predispose to an increased risk of asthma. We examined the long-term effects of vitamin A supplementation early in life on later asthma risk.In 2006–2008, we revisited participants from two cohorts in rural Nepal who were enrolled in randomised trials of vitamin A supplementation. The first cohort received vitamin A or placebo for <16 months during their pre-school years (1989–1991). The second cohort was born to mothers who received vitamin A, β-carotene or placebo before, during and after pregnancy (1994–1997). At follow-up, we asked about asthma symptoms and performed spirometry.Out of 6,421 subjects eligible to participate, 5,430 (85%) responded to our respiratory survey. Wheezing prevalence during the previous year was 4.8% in participants aged 9–13 yrs and 6.6% in participants aged 14–23 yrs. We found no differences between the vitamin A supplemented and placebo groups from either trial in the prevalence of lifetime or current asthma and wheeze or in spirometric indices of obstruction (p≥0.12 for all comparisons).Vitamin A supplementation early in life was not associated with a decreased risk of asthma in an area with chronic vitamin A deficiency.
EST mining identifies proteins putatively secreted by the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum
Authors: Bhadauria Vijai , Banniza Sabine , Vandenberg Albert , Selvaraj Gopalan , Wei Yangdou 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundColletotrichum truncatumis a haploid, hemibiotrophic, ascomycete fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose disease on many economically important leguminous crops. This pathogen exploits sequential biotrophic- and necrotrophic- infection strategies to colonize the host. Transition from biotrophy to a destructive necrotrophic phase called the biotrophy-necrotrophy switch is critical in symptom development.C. truncatumlikely secretes an arsenal of proteins that are implicated in maintaining a compatible interaction with its host. Some of them might be transition specific.ResultsA directional cDNA library was constructed from mRNA isolated from infectedLens culinarisleaflet tissues displaying the biotrophy-necrotrophy switch ofC. truncatumand 5000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with an average read of > 600 bp from the 5-prime end were generated. Nearly 39% of the ESTs were predicted to encode proteins of fungal origin and among these, 162 ESTs were predicted to contain N-terminal signal peptides (SPs) in their deduced open reading frames (ORFs). The 162 sequences could be assembled into 122 tentative unigenes comprising 32 contigs and 90 singletons. Sequence analyses of unigenes revealed four potential groups: hydrolases, cell envelope associated proteins (CEAPs), candidate effectors and other proteins. Eleven candidate effector genes were identified based on features common to characterized fungal effectors, i.e. they encode small, soluble (lack of transmembrane domain), cysteine-rich proteins with a putative SP. For a selected subset ofCEAPsand candidate effectors, semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that these transcripts were either expressed constitutively in bothin vitroandin plantaor induced during plant infection. Using potato virus X (PVX) based transient expression assays, we showed that one of the candidate effectors, i. e. contig 8 that encodes a cerato-platanin (CP) domain containing protein, unlike CP proteins from other fungal pathogens was unable to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR).ConclusionsThe current study catalogues proteins putatively secreted at thein plantabiotrophy-necrotrophy transition ofC. truncatum. Some of these proteins may have a role in establishing compatible interaction with the host plant.
A high-throughput protocol for mutation scanning of the BRCA1 and BRCA2genes
Authors: Hondow Heather L , Fox Stephen B , Mitchell Gillian , Scott Rodney J , Beshay Victoria , Wong Stephen Q ,   kConFab Investigators, Dobrovic Alexander 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Detection of mutations by DNA sequencing can be facilitated by scanning methods to identify amplicons which may have mutations. Current scanning methods used for the detection of germline sequence variants are laborious as they require post-PCR manipulation. High resolution melting (HRM) is a cost-effective rapid screening strategy, which readily detects heterozygous variants by melting curve analysis of PCR products. It is well suited to screening genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 as germline pathogenic mutations in these genes are always heterozygous.

Methods
Assays for the analysis of all coding regions and intron-exon boundaries of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were designed, and optimised. A final set of 94 assays which ran under identical amplification conditions were chosen for BRCA1 (36) and BRCA2 (58). Significant attention was placed on primer design to enable reproducible detection of mutations within the amplicon while minimising unnecessary detection of polymorphisms. Deoxyinosine residues were incorporated into primers that overlay intronic polymorphisms. Multiple 384 well plates were used to facilitate high throughput.

Results
169 BRCA1 and 239 BRCA2 known sequence variants were used to test the amplicons. We also performed an extensive blinded validation of the protocol with 384 separate patient DNAs. All heterozygous variants were detected with the optimised assays.

Conclusions
This is the first HRM approach to screen the entire coding region of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes using one set of reaction conditions in a multi plate 384 well format using specifically designed primers. The parallel screening of a relatively large number of samples enables better detection of sequence variants. HRM has the advantages of decreasing the necessary sequencing by more than 90%. This markedly reduced cost of sequencing will result in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing becoming accessible to individuals who currently do not undergo mutation testing because of the significant costs involved.
TRPV3 and TRPV4 Ion Channels are Not Major Contributors to Mouse Heat Sensation
Authors: Huang Susan M , Li Xiaoxin , Yu YinYin , Wang Juan , Caterina Michael J 
Published: June 2011

Background: The discovery of heat-sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels provided a potential molecular explanation for the perception of innocuous and noxious heat stimuli. TRPV1 has a significant role in acute heat nociception and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. Yet, substantial innocuous and noxious heat sensitivity remains in TRPV1 knockout animals. Here we investigated the role of two related channels, TRPV3 and TRPV4, in these capacities. We studied TRPV3 knockout animals on both C57BL6 and 129S6 backgrounds, as well as animals deficient in both TRPV3 and TRPV4 on a C57BL6 background. Additionally, we assessed the contributions of TRPV3 and TRPV4 to acute heat nociception and inflammatory heat hyperalgesia during inhibition of TRPV1. Results: TRPV3 knockout mice on the C57BL6 background exhibited no obvious alterations in thermal preference behavior. On the 129S6 background, absence of TRPV3 resulted in a more restrictive range of occupancy centered around cooler floor temperatures. TRPV3 knockout mice showed no deficits in acute heat nociception on either background. Mice deficient in both TRPV3 and TRPV4 on a C57BL6 background showed thermal preference behavior similar to wild-type controls on the thermal gradient, and little or no change in acute heat nociception or inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. Masking of TRPV1 by the TRPV1 antagonist JNJ-17203212 did not reveal differences between C57BL6 animals deficient in TRPV3 and TRPV4, compared to their wild-type counterparts. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that TRPV3 and TRPV4 likely make limited and strain-dependent contributions to innocuous warm temperature perception or noxious heat sensation, even when TRPV1 is masked. These findings imply the existence of other significant mechanisms for heat perception.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and autoimmune hepatitis during highly active anti-retroviral treatment: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Daas Hanady , Khatib Riad , Nasser Haitham , Kamran Farah , Higgins Martha , Saravolatz Louis 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Introduction
The emergence of hepatic injury in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection during highly active therapy presents a diagnostic dilemma. It may represent treatment side effects or autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune hepatitis, emerging during immune restoration.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 42-year-old African-American woman with human immunodeficiency virus infection who presented to our emergency department with severe abdominal pain and was found to have autoimmune hepatitis. A review of the literature revealed 12 reported cases of autoimmune hepatitis in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection, only three of whom were diagnosed after highly active anti-retroviral treatment was initiated. All four cases (including our patient) were women, and one had a history of other autoimmune disorders. In our patient (the one patient case we are reporting), a liver biopsy revealed interface hepatitis, necrosis with lymphocytes and plasma cell infiltrates and variable degrees of fibrosis. All four cases required treatment with corticosteroids and/or other immune modulating agents and responded well.

Conclusion
Our review suggests that autoimmune hepatitis is a rare disorder which usually develops in women about six to eight months after commencing highly active anti-retroviral treatment during the recovery of CD4 lymphocytes. It represents either re-emergence of a pre-existing condition that was unrecognized or a de novo manifestation during immune reconstitution.
Obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication associated with herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele: a case report
Authors: Tsuchihashi Kazunari , Okubo Kazutoshi , Ichioka Kentaro , Soda Takeshi , Yoshimura Koji , Kanematsu Akihiro , Ogawa Osamu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Iatrogenic damage to the seminal tract is one of the causes of obstructive azoospermia, which can be an indication for reconstruction surgery. We present a case of obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication after neonatal herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia. He had undergone herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele immediately after birth. Reconstruction surgery of both seminal tracts was performed to pursue the possibility of naturally achieved pregnancy. Intra-operative findings demonstrated that both vasa deferentia were interrupted at the internal inguinal rings, although the abdominal end of the right vas leading to the seminal vesicle was found in the abdominal cavity. The discharge from the stump of the testicular end had no sperm, although the right epididymal tubules were dilated with motile sperm. Therefore, we performed right-sided vasovasostomy in the internal inguinal ring and ipsilateral epididymovasostomy simultaneously.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing obstructive azoospermia as an unusual complication of herniorrhaphy of an omphalocele. It is important to pay attention to the existence of seminal tracts in such surgery as well as in inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation
Authors: Segata Nicola , Izard Jacques , Waldron Levi , Gevers Dirk , Miropolsky Larisa , Garrett Wendy S , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study describes and validates a new method for metagenomic biomarker discovery by way of class comparison, tests of biological consistency and effect size estimation. This addresses the challenge of finding organisms, genes, or pathways that consistently explain the differences between two or more microbial communities, which is a central problem to the study of metagenomics. We extensively validate our method on several microbiomes and a convenient online interface for the method is provided at http://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/lefse/.
Genetic variants in the MRPS30 region and postmenopausal breast cancer risk
Authors: Huang Ying , Ballinger Dennis G , Dai James Y , Peters Ulrike , Hinds David A , Cox David R , Beilharz Erica , Chlebowski Rowan T , Rossouw Jacques E , McTiernan Anne , Rohan Thomas , Prentice Ross L 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic regions that are associated with breast cancer risk, but these provide an explanation for only a small fraction of familial breast cancer aggregation. Genotype by environment interactions may contribute further to such explanation, and may help to refine the genomic regions of interest.

Methods
We examined genotypes for 4,988 SNPs, selected from recent genome-wide studies, and four randomized hormonal and dietary interventions among 2,166 women who developed invasive breast cancer during the intervention phase of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial (1993 to 2005), and one-to-one matched controls. These SNPs derive from 3,224 genomic regions having pairwise squared correlation (r2) between adjacent regions less than 0.2. Breast cancer and SNP associations were identified using a test statistic that combined evidence of overall association with evidence for SNPs by intervention interaction.

Results
The combined 'main effect' and interaction test led to a focus on two genomic regions, the fibroblast growth factor receptor two (FGFR2) and the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S30 (MRPS30) regions. The ranking of SNPs by significance level, based on this combined test, was rather different from that based on the main effect alone, and drew attention to the vicinities of rs3750817 in FGFR2 and rs7705343 in MRPS30. Specifically, rs7705343 was included with several FGFR2 SNPs in a group of SNPs having an estimated false discovery rate < 0.05. In further analyses, there were suggestions (nominal P < 0.05) that hormonal and dietary intervention hazard ratios varied with the number of minor alleles of rs7705343.

Conclusions
Genotype by environment interaction information may help to define genomic regions relevant to disease risk. Combined main effect and intervention interaction analyses raise novel hypotheses concerning the MRPS30 genomic region and the effects of hormonal and dietary exposures on postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
Lipoprotein Subclass Abnormalities and Incident Hypertension in Initially Healthy Women
Authors: Paynter Nina P , Sesso Howard D , Conen David , Otvos James D , Mora Samia 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND
Abnormalities in traditional lipids, particularly decreased HDL cholesterol and increased triglycerides, can precede the onset of hypertension. Whether lipoprotein particle size or subclass concentrations play a role in the development of hypertension is unknown.

METHODS
We followed 17 527 initially healthy women without baseline hypertension prospectively for 8 years. At baseline, information regarding traditional lipids and hypertension risk factors was obtained, and lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

RESULTS
Baseline lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations were significantly associated with incident hypertension. Although LDL cholesterol was not associated with hypertension [odds ratio (OR) for quintile 5 vs 1: 1.08 (95% CI 0.96–1.20)], increased concentrations of LDL particles were associated with greater risk [OR 1.73 (1.54–1.95)], especially small LDL particles [OR 1.62 (1.45–1.83)]. Increased HDL cholesterol was associated with lower risk of hypertension [OR for quintile 5 vs 1: 0.79 (0.70–0.89)]. By contrast, increased concentrations of HDL particles had greater risk [OR 1.48 (1.32–1.67)], especially small HDL particles [OR 1.36 (1.22–1.53)], whereas large HDL particles had lower risk [OR 0.80 (0.71–0.90)]. Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich VLDL particles were positively associated with hypertension, with large VLDL particles associated with greater risk [OR 1.68 (1.50–1.89)]. Adding particle subclasses improved discrimination over a model with traditional lipids and risk factors (c-statistic 0.671 compared to 0.676; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study of initially healthy women, lipoprotein particle size and subclass concentrations were associated with incident hypertension and provided additive information to traditional lipids and risk factors.
Catfish and Controversy at the Okie Noodling Tournament
Authors: tobias ruth 
Published: June 2011

From a social standpoint, camaraderie and controversy are the twin pillars of noodling, or hand-catfishing—and the Okie Noodling Tournament, held every summer in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, highlights both. As devotees of a sport that's grounded in family tradition and rich in rural lore, noodlers see themselves as self-sufficient stewards of the waterways, living a lifestyle that sensibly values frugality, responsibility, and intergenerational community above all. But their pastime is also illegal in most states, portrayed by the mainstream media as foolish at best and dangerous at worst. Such contradictions are mirrored by the noodlers own mixed reaction to media attention: by promoting hand-fishing to clear up misconceptions, they risk exposing its private, even secretive nature.
Still, such concerns are minimized on the day of the tournament, when the residential intersection at which Bob’s Pig Shop is transformed into a cheerfully chaotic mass of holding pools, demonstration tanks, bleachers, revelers from all walks of life—and, of course, catfish.