bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Algorithm for Chronic Periodontitis Risk Assessment and Prognostication: Analysis of an Inflammatory Reactivity Test and Selected Risk Predictors
Authors: Lindskog Sven , Blomlöf Johan , Persson Inger , Niklason Anders , Hedin Anders , Ericsson Leif , Ericsson Mats , Järncrantz Bo , Palo Ulf , Tellefsen Georg , Zetterström Olle , Blomlöf Leif 
Published: April 2010

Background: Patients with severe forms of chronic periodontitis present with varying degrees of decreased inflammatory reactivity. A previously reported algorithm for chronic periodontitis risk assessment and prognostication is based on the analysis of some 20 risk predictors. One of these predictors is a skin provocation test that assesses the individual patient's reactivity to a lipid A challenge. The aim of this report was to analyze results from validation data for the algorithm with respect to the contribution of results of the skin provocation test as a risk predictor for the progression of chronic periodontitis and to compare these results with the contribution from other predictors, namely smoking, angular bony destruction, furcation involvement, abutment teeth, and endodontic pathology.Methods: Data from a previously reported clinical validation sample were used for the analysis, including the calculation of quality measures and explanatory values using different types of regression analysis and non‐parametric testing.Results: Smoking, endodontic pathology, abutment teeth, angular bony destruction, and furcation involvement presented with individual explanatory values for periodontitis progression between 4% and 13% and highly significant parameter estimates. Explanatory values for the results of the skin provocation test ranged between 2.6% and 5.1% depending on the disease severity group, with a positive predictive value of 82% for the identification of high‐risk patients.Conclusion: The skin provocation test provided a clinically significant contribution to the quality of analysis with the periodontitis risk and prognostication algorithm, in particular in the selection of high‐risk patients for in‐depth individual tooth analysis.
Periodontitis and Inflammatory Markers in Transplant Recipients
Authors: Shaqman Murad , Ioannidou Effie , Burleson Joseph , Hull David , Dongari‐Bagtzoglou Anna 
Published: April 2010

Background: Inflammation is associated with the deterioration of solid‐organ transplants. Chronic periodontitis is linked to systemic inflammation, although it is unknown whether it plays a causative or comorbid role. We hypothesized that transplant subjects have a greater prevalence of severe periodontitis, accompanied by higher levels of serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), compared to systemically healthy subjects.Methods: We recruited 90 renal and cardiac transplant recipients and 72 age‐matched controls and compared their periodontal and systemic inflammatory status.Results: The prevalence of severe periodontitis was not statistically significantly different between transplant and control subjects. Serum IL‐6 and CRP were higher in transplant subjects compared to control subjects and in subjects with severe periodontitis compared to subjects without periodontitis, but multivariate analysis showed that severe periodontitis was a significant positive predictor of serum IL‐6 in the control group only. In the test group, significant predictors of systemic inflammation were age, diabetes, higher body mass index, and a cadaveric transplant donor.Conclusion: Despite the presence of higher levels of systemic markers of inflammation in transplant subjects with severe periodontitis compared to transplant subjects without periodontitis, periodontal parameters were not statistical predictors of systemic inflammation in this population in a multivariate model.
Human Bone Repair After Mandibular Symphysis Block Harvesting: A Clinical and Tomographic Study
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Simonian Krikor , D'Addona Antonio , Pontón José , Nowzari Hessam 
Published: April 2010

Background: There are limited data on the healing potential of osseous defects in the human mandible. Animal model studies have shown that defect fill is size dependent.Methods: Twenty patients who had autogenous block transplants harvested from the mandibular symphysis were included in the study. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were carried out at an average of 26.7 months after augmentation to assess bone healing. Subgroups were compared on the basis of bone volume harvested, healing time, incision design, symphysis midline preservation, age, and gender. Percentage bone fill was calculated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative CT scans using a computer software program.Results: CT scan analysis showed a significant percentage (74.5% ± 10.36%) of bone fill at an average of 26.7 ± 22.3 months (range, 4 to 72 months). Healing time and bone volume harvested were significant variables influencing the osteogenic potential of mandibular donor‐site defects. Defects <0.5 cc with a healing period of 34.2 months showed 81% ± 7.4% bone fill, whereas those >0.5 cc and 7.2 months of healing had a repair of 63.8% ± 12.2% (P <0.05; 95% CI, 2.46 to 31.93). A positive trend in bone fill was observed for subgroups receiving sulcular incisions (80%) and midline preservation (77.5%).Conclusions: The osteogenic potential of human osseous repair in the mandibular symphysis is size and time dependent. The process of osteogenesis of repair in humans seems to be multifactorial. Such factors as preservation of the periosteum and symphysis cortical midline may positively influence defect fill allowing for reharvesting.
Stimulatory Effects of Areca Nut Extracts on Prostaglandin E2 Production by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Lai Yu‐Lin , Wu Ching‐Yi , Lee Ya‐Yun , Chang Hui‐Wen , Liu Tsung‐Yun , Hung Shan‐Ling 
Published: April 2010

Background: Areca quid chewing increases the prevalence of periodontal diseases. Areca nut extract (ANE) inhibits the defensive functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This in vitro study investigates the effects of ANE on the production of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by PMNs.Methods: The possible effects of ANE on the production of COX‐2 were examined using Western blotting analysis. The viability and production of PGE2 of treated PMNs were determined using the propidium iodide staining method and the competition enzyme assay, respectively. The possible pathways involved were also examined using the COX‐2 inhibitor (NS398), the intracellular calcium chelator 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N, N, N′, N′‐tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA‐AM), the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580), and the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126). The effects of ANE on the viability or PGE2 production were statistically assessed using a one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple‐comparison intervals with α = 0.05.Results: ANE significantly induced the production of PGE2 in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. This induction resulted from an increased expression of COX‐2. Moreover, the application of BAPTA‐AM, SB203580, and U0126 statistically significantly suppressed the induction of PGE2.Conclusions: ANE induced the production of PGE2. The activation of the intracellular calcium concentrations, p38 MAPK, and ERK may be involved in the inducing effects of ANE on PMNs. The findings suggest that areca nut chewing may induce an inflammatory response and affect the periodontal health of consumers.
Double Flap Incision Design for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Novel Technique and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Hur Yong , Tsukiyama Teppei , Yoon Tae‐Ho , Griffin Terrence J. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Premature membrane exposure for guided bone regeneration may result in complications, such as inadequate bone regeneration, inflammatory reactions, and wound infection. This paper presents a clinical case of a novel incision‐flap design used to advance the flap to enhance tension‐free primary closure for the vertical ridge augmentation.Methods: A 61‐year‐old white man presented with the chief complaint of wanting to replace his posterior mandibular teeth. A severe alveolar bone deformity vertically and horizontally (Seibert Class III) was noticed, especially over the mental foramen area. A staged guided bone regeneration procedure prior to the implant installation was chosen as the most optimal treatment. A partial‐thickness flap, separating the mucosal flap from the periosteum overlying the alveolar bone, was used to advance the flap.Results: During the healing period, neither soft tissue dehiscence nor membrane exposure were noted. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed a 4‐ to 5‐mm gain in vertical height and a noticeable increase in horizontal thickness. After the 6 to 8 months of healing for both sites, two implants were placed on each side with good primary stability and without complications.Conclusions: This technique facilitates flap advancement by the tension‐free nature of the design and enhances soft tissue maintenance during the course of regeneration. This approach, the separation of the periosteal layer and the mucosal layer, can be used as an alternative to overcome some of the limitations with conventional technique.
Early Loading at 21 Days of Non‐Submerged Titanium Implants With a Chemically Modified Sandblasted and Acid‐Etched Surface: 3‐Year Results of a Prospective Study in the Posterior Mandible
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Brägger Urs , Buser Daniel 
Published: April 2010

Background:This study evaluates 3‐year success rates of titanium screw‐type implants with a chemically modified sandblasted and acid‐etched surface (mod SLA), which were functionally loaded after 3 weeks of healing.Methods:A total of 56 implants, inserted in the posterior mandibles of 39 partially edentulous patients, underwent undisturbed healing for 3 weeks. At day 21, the implants were fully loaded with provisional crowns. Definitive metal ceramic restorations were fabricated after 6 months of healing. Clinical measurements regarding soft tissue parameters and radiographs were obtained at different time points up to 36 months after implant placement. The soft tissue and radiographic parameters for the mod SLA implants after 3 years in function were compared to a historic control group of implants with an SLA surface using an early loading protocol after 6 weeks.Results:None of the implants failed to integrate. However, two implants were considered “spinners” at day 21 and were left unloaded for an extended period. Therefore, 96.4% of the inserted implants were loaded according to the protocol tested. All 56 implants, including the “spinners,” showed favorable clinical and radiographic findings at the 3‐year follow‐up examination. All 56 implants were considered successfully integrated, resulting in a 3‐year survival and success rate of 100%. Dental implants with a mod SLA surface demonstrated statistically significant differences for probing depths and clinical attachment level values compared to the historic control group, with the mod SLA surface implants having overall lower probing depths and clinical attachment level scores.Conclusion:This prospective study using an early loading protocol demonstrates that titanium implants with the mod SLA surface can achieve and maintain successful tissue integration over a period of 3 years.
Immediate Loading of a Dental Implant Placed in Fresh Socket With Acute Dehiscence‐Type Defect: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Villa Roberto , Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: April 2010

Background: The aim of the present clinical case is to show buccal bone repair around a dental implant placed by flapless technique and immediately loaded in fresh socket with acute buccal dehiscence‐type defect.Methods: A 58‐year‐old female presented with a fistula on the buccal side and a root fracture at the left lateral incisive. The dental extraction was performed without mucogingival flap elevation; the absence of buccal bone plate was recorded. A screw‐shaped implant was placed. Immediately after the surgical procedure, the patient received temporary prosthetic restoration, and 3 months later definitive metal‐ceramic restoration was positioned.Results: Four years later, a fracture of the crown and gingival inflammatory process were observed. The crown was removed and a fracture of the zirconia abutment was reported. Surgical reentry was performed, gingival flap was raised, and buccal bone repair was observed.Conclusion: Biologically, it is very difficult to explain the bone repair process around implants in the acute dehiscence‐type defect, and only biologic speculations explain the outcome of this clinical result.
Acoustogyration diffraction of optical waves: case of SiO2 and TeO2 crystals
Authors: Martynyuk-Lototska I. , Mys O. , Akimov S. , Krupych O. , Vlokh R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInteraction of acoustic and light waves with accounting for elastooptic and elastogyration effects is theoretically described. Collinear acoustogyration diffraction in quartz and paratellurite crystals is experimentally investigated and thoroughly analyzed. Piezogyration effect is experimentally studied for TeO2 crystals. The acoustogyration efficiency and the acoustogyration figure of merit calculated for a number of crystals (GaAs, TeO2 and SiO2) are shown to be too small for experimental detection. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the light diffraction at periodical distribution of the imaginary part of dielectric permittivity related to the piezogyration effect should, in principle, be observed for the case of interaction of optical waves with enantiomorphous ferroelastic domain structure and in cholesteric liquid crystals.
Impact of Work-Related Pain on Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists
Authors: Campo Marc , Darragh Amy R. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundPhysical therapists and occupational therapists experience high rates of work-related pain. Although most therapists continue to work through this pain, it interferes with work and alters therapists’ work habits. However, the effects on productivity, quality of patient care, and therapists’ quality of life and long-term career plans are unknown.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of working with work-related pain on physical therapists and occupational therapists.DesignMultiple methods were used in this study. It was primarily a phenomenological study.MethodsA phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of work-related pain in therapists. Focus group interviews were used as the method of data collection. A questionnaire was used to supplement the qualitative analysis.ResultsNineteen therapists participated in 4 focus groups ranging from 2 to 7 participants each. The participants noted substantial effects of work-related pain at work, at home, and in their career plans. All of the therapists were concerned about their potential clinical longevity. The professional culture complicated these effects by forcing therapists into a professional ideal.ConclusionsWork-related pain affects therapists in several personal and professional domains. It also may affect career plans. Strategies to reduce the risk of injury and physical loading of jobs are needed.
A Balance Exercise Program Appears to Improve Function for Patients With Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Piva Sara R. , Gil Alexandra B. , Almeida Gustavo J.M. , DiGioia Anthony M. , Levison Timothy J. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundPatients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have impaired balance and movement control. Exercise interventions have not targeted these impairments in this population.ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the feasibility of applying a balance exercise program in patients with TKA, (2) to investigate whether a functional training (FT) program supplemented with a balance exercise program (FT+B program) could improve physical function compared with an FT program alone in a small group of individuals with TKA, and (3) to test the methods and calculate sample size for a future randomized trial with a larger study sample.DesignThis study was a double-blind, pilot randomized clinical trial.SettingThe study was conducted in the clinical laboratory of an academic center.ParticipantsThe participants were 43 individuals (30 female, 13 male; mean age=68 years, SD=8) who underwent TKA 2 to 6 months prior to the study.InterventionsThe interventions were 6 weeks (12 sessions) of a supervised FT or FT+B program, followed by a 4-month home exercise program.MeasurementsFeasibility measures included pain, stiffness, adherence, and attrition. The primary outcome measure was a battery of physical performance tests: self-selected gait speed, chair rise test, and single-leg stance time. Secondary outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale.ResultsFeasibility of the balance training in people with TKA was supported by high exercise adherence, a relatively low dropout rate, and no adverse events. Both groups demonstrated clinically important improvements in lower-extremity functional status. The degree of improvement seemed higher for gait speed, single-leg stance time, and stiffness in the FT+B group compared with the FT group.LimitationsDue to the pilot nature of the study, differences between groups did not have adequate power to show statistical significance.ConclusionsThere is a need for conducting a larger randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an FT+B program after TKA.
Effect of a Home Program of Hip Abductor Exercises on Knee Joint Loading, Strength, Function, and Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Sled Elizabeth A. , Khoja Latif , Deluzio Kevin J. , Olney Sandra J. , Culham Elsie G. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundHip abductor muscle weakness may result in impaired frontal-plane pelvic control during gait, leading to greater medial compartment loading in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of an 8-week home strengthening program for the hip abductor muscles on knee joint loading (measured by the external knee adduction moment during gait), strength (force-generating capacity), and function and pain in individuals with medial knee OA.DesignThe study design was a nonequivalent, pretest-posttest, control group design.SettingTesting was conducted in a motor performance laboratory.PatientsAn a priori sample size calculation was performed. Forty participants with knee OA were matched for age and sex with a control group of participants without knee OA.InterventionParticipants with knee OA completed a home hip abductor strengthening program.MeasurementsThree-dimensional gait analysis was performed to obtain peak knee adduction moments in the first 50% of the stance phase. Isokinetic concentric strength of the hip abductor muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test was used to evaluate functional performance. Knee pain was assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the OA group demonstrated significant improvement in hip abductor strength, but not in the knee adduction moment. Functional performance on the sit-to-stand test improved in the OA group compared with the control group. The OA group reported decreased knee pain after the intervention.LimitationsGait strategies that may have affected the knee adduction moment, including lateral trunk lean, were not evaluated in this study.ConclusionsHip abductor strengthening did not reduce knee joint loading but did improve function and reduce pain in a group with medial knee OA.
Flow properties of oral contrast medium formulations depend on the temperature
Authors: Ekberg Olle , Stading Mats , Johansson Daniel , Bülow Margareta , Ekman Susanne , Wendin Karin 
Published: April 2010

Background: During the therapeutic videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing, gradation of bolus volume, texture, and viscosity can be implemented to determine the optimal bolus characteristics in that particular patient. When a thickened liquid is given to a dysphagic patient it is served at room temperature. However, in these patients with a delayed oral and/or pharyngeal stage of swallow, the bolus is held for a long time in the oral cavity. The temperature of the thickened liquid thereby increases. Purpose: To study the rheological exploration (variation of viscosity with temperature) of thickened food used for radiologic swallowing examinations in patients with oral and pharyngeal dysfunction, in particular in mixtures of barium sulfate suspensions and in iodine solutions. Material and Methods: Deep-frozen mango purée was thawed at room temperature. It was then mixed with barium sulfate contrast medium to a density of 25% w/w. Resorce® Thicken Up was mixed at room temperature at two concentrations: 4.3% w/w (4.5 g thickener + 100 g distilled water) and 6.0% w/w (4.5 g thickener + 70 g distilled water). The thickener consisted of modified corn starch. Resorce® Thicken Up was also mixed at room temperature with two concentrations of an iodine contrast material, iohexol (Omnipaque®, 350 mg I/ml). The two concentrations were: 4.3% w/w (4.5 g thickener + 100 g iohexol) and 6% w/w (6 g thickener + 100 g iohexol). Measurements were carried out from 20°C to 37°C using a Stresstech HR rheometer. The rheometer was equipped with a concentric cylinder measuring system (inner cylinder 15 mm). Results: The samples containing thickener in water as well as in iohexol showed a dependence on thickener concentration and temperature. The mango purée with barium sulfate displayed very small temperature dependence. The thickener solutions in iohexol had significantly higher viscosity compared with the other thickener solutions and the mango purée. The relative decrease shows that mango purée, the 6% thickener solution in water, and solutions with iohexol exhibited similar relative viscosity change at different temperatures. Conclusion: Our conclusion is therefore that it is important always to make the solution with high precision. It is also of importance to observe how long the patient keeps the bolus in the mouth. This might vary and actually it may not be possible to influence this factor. When different types of thickeners are compared, it is important to take into account the temperature at which the thickener is observed.