bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
К вопросу о форме завещания по законодательству Республики Казахстан и зарубежных стран: сравнительно-правовой анализ
Authors: Нукушева А.А. 
Published: April 2024

Вопрос о том, в какой правовой форме на сегодняшний день возможно составить распоряжение на случай смерти, обусловливает предмет данного исследования. При помощи сравнительно-правового метода был осуществлен анализ существующей законодательной базы Республики Казахстан, включая исследование актов международного законодательства в сфере наследственного права. Кроме того, автором проведен анализ направлений развития современных международных инициатив в сфере правового регулирования наследования по завещанию, а также рассмотрены предложения по совершенствованию казахстанского законодательства в области расширения допустимых форм завещания. Высказано предложение о введении в действующее законодательство Республики Казахстан нормы, допускающей составление завещания в форме видеозаписи. Автором определены понятие, основные виды и формы завещания, исследованы особенности форм завещания в законодательстве Республики Казахстан, стран СНГ и ряде других стран. В статье установлена необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования казахстанского законодательства в области расширения допустимых форм завещания. На основе анализа действующего законодательства Республики Казахстан, стран СНГ и ряда других государств автор приходит к выводу, что установленная законом форма изложения волеизъявления завещателя является неоспоримой безусловной гарантией исполнения его воли. В практическом аспекте данное исследование представляет интерес для юристов, практикующих в сфере гражданского права, а также международного частного права.
Citizenship as a legal institution and category of law theory and state
Authors: Turlayev A.V. , Poleva I.A. , Tuyakova N.B. 
Published: April 2024

The article demonstrates the theoretical and historical problems of defining citizenship as a legal institution and the definition of its main features. The dynamic nature of this political and legal phenomenon, associated in the law theory with the state, is revealed. In a historical retrospective, using the citizenship institution experience for the state-legal regulation purpose relations between the individual and the state is considered. The studies of citizenship in different historical periods, the variability and institution development in the theories and various authors’ approaches are undertaken. The investigation purpose is to identify the main citizenship features by determining the goals and political and legal institution objectives. With the general and special research methods support, the analysis and generalization of historical and theoretical material, political and legal acts that define the concept and signs of citizenship as a legal and theoretical category are carried out. As a result, citizenship is considered as the main and defining republic feature as one of the main state forms. It is a political and legal category requiring legal regulation. The article concludes that citizenship is the main factor in the modern state existence, with a republican government form. The relationship between the individual and the state, mediated in the citizenship form, needs more detailed legal regulation.
Incidental durotomy resulting in a postoperative lumbosacral nerve root with eventration into the adjacent facet joint: illustrative cases
Authors: Kelly Michael J , Altorfer Franziska C. S , Burkhard Marco D , Huang Russel C , Cammisa Frank P , Chazen J. Levi 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Radicular pain after lumbar decompression surgery can result from epidural hematoma/seroma, recurrent disc herniation, incomplete decompression, or other rare complications. A less recognized complication is postoperative nerve root herniation, resulting from an initially unrecognized intraoperative or, more commonly, a spontaneous postoperative durotomy. Rarely, this nerve root herniation can become entrapped within local structures, including the facet joint. The aim of this study was to illustrate our experience with three cases of lumbosacral nerve root eventration into an adjacent facet joint and to describe our diagnostic and surgical approach to this rare complication.

OBSERVATIONS
Three patients who had undergone lumbar decompression surgery with or without fusion experienced postoperative radiculopathy. Exploratory revision surgery revealed all three had a durotomy with nerve root eventration into the facet joint. Significant symptom improvement was achieved in all patients following liberation of the neural elements from the facet joints.

LESSONS
Entrapment of herniated nerve roots into the facet joint may be a previously underappreciated complication and remains quite challenging to diagnose even with the highest-quality advanced imaging. Thus, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion to diagnose this issue and a low threshold for surgical exploration.
Geographic Information System (GIS) Spatial Analysis to Detect the Distribution Pattern of Unused Land Fires at Ogan Ilir Regency
Authors: Sunarto  , Sobri Kiagus Muhammad , Alfitri  , Nadjib Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Land fires pose a serious threat to the environment and communities in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. This study aims to analyze the distribution pattern of land fires using GIS spatial analysis technology. Through Sentinel-2 image classification and fire intensity analysis, it had been identified focal points of dormant land fires mainly in South Indralaya, North Indralaya, and West Pemulutan sub-districts. The results of this study provide in-depth insight into the spatial distribution of land fires and the factors that influence their occurrence. This research also produced a map of the distribution of fire hotspots in unused land areas. From the research, it can be concluded that spatial analysis can map in detail and comprehensively the burning locations on unused land. The implication of this research is the need to develop more effective mitigation strategies to address the risk of land fires in the future. Therefore, this study not only makes an important contribution to the scientific literature but also offers new directions for research and policy focused on sustainable and effective land fire risk management.
Numerical Simulation of the Spatial Distribution of the Magnetic Field in Devices for the Magnetic Sedimentation of Nanoparticles from Aqueous Media
Authors: Filinkova M. S. , Medvedeva I. V. , Zhakov S. V. , Bakhteeva Yu. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—A method of magnetic sedimentation using a permanent magnets is a promising “green” technology to separate nanoparticles from water. In this work, numerical simulation of the magnetic field distribution in the devices based on combination of alternating flat permanent magnets (NdFeB) and soft magnetic steel inserts is carried out. Two types of devices with different magnetization directions of permanent magnets are considered: vertical (V) and horizontal (G). A criterion for evaluating the performance of the magnetic device R is proposed, depending on the effective volume of the water area, where the value of the product \({\text{|}}{{B}_{z}}d{{B}_{z}}{\text{/}}dz{\text{|}}\) 4 T2/m is realized, where Bz is the vertical component of magnetic induction. The dimensions of the permanent magnets and soft magnetic inserts along the horizontal x axis, the ratio of the thicknesses of magnetic and steel plates, and the number of plates are varied. It is shown that the maximum value R = 31% is performed using the V-type magnetic device with the thickness of the magnetic (Lx) and the steel (Ls) elements 30 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. For G-type magnetic device maximum value R = 19% is realized at Lx = 12.5 mm and Ls = 10 mm. Magnetic devices are effective for the height of a water layer 20 mm at the given dimensions of the magnetic system.
Forest Growing Conditions Affect the CO<sub>2</sub> Emission from the Soil Surface in the Middle Taiga Pine Forests of the Komi Republic
Authors: Osipov A. F. 
Published: April 2024

Obtaining the experimental data on soil respiration is relevant due to significant range of CO2 emission estimates in different ecosystems. The aim of work was to characterize CO2 emission from soil surface of pine forests growing in different conditions on North-East of European part of Russia. The studies have been carried out in immature and mature pine forests Sphagnosa, Myrtillus and Lichen types located in the Institute of biology of the Komi Science Center, RAS forest stations. Carbon dioxide emission was measured using LI COR 8100 during the May-October periods in 2008–2017. A brief weather conditions characteristic was given. Higher values of the CO2 flux from the soil surface was observed in July (1.9–2.9 g С m–2 day–1 in Sphagnosa type) and August (2.5–6.6 g С m–2 day–1 in Myrtillus and Lichen types). The year-to-year variability and influence of weather conditions on soil respiration were shown. The soil temperature had a close and positive relationship (R2 = 0.49–0.77) with CO2 emission whereas correlation with soil moisture was weak. During summertime the efflux of C-CO2 in a pine forest of Myrtillus type was 188–442 g C m–2, during the vegetation period (01.05–30.09) – 279–563 g C m–2 and the snowless period (01.05–31.10) – 308–583 g C m–2, which is 1.5–1.8 times higher than in the pine forests of Sphagnosa and Lichen types during the snowless period (р = 0.014) and growing season (р = 0.020). In summertime the losses of carbon were similar (р = 0.106). The pine forests of Sphagnosa and Lichen types were comparable in С-СО2 efflux both during the vegetation and the snowless periods (p 0.05). These data are important in assessing the expenditure part of the carbon balance in forest ecosystems in the European North-East of Russia.
State of the Retina and Optic Nerve in 21-Day Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest
Authors: Gracheva M. A. , Kazakova A. A. , Manko O. M. 
Published: April 2024

Studies in conditions of head-down tilt bed rest are widely used experiments which imitate redistribution of body fluids similar to the redistribution of fluid media in microgravity. To study the mechanism of development of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) in head-down tilt bed rest studies scientists have evaluated, among other things, participants’ visual system parameters. The main symptom of SANS is an edema of an optic disc and a retina. To date, the results describing the influence of head-down tilt bed rest on the visual system are ambiguous, which determines the relevance of further research. The aim of the study is to analyze retinal morphometry in the optic disc area and macular area in participants before and after 21-day head-down tilt bed rest. The study was performed using an optical coherence tomography with angiography function (Optovue RTVue XR Avanti System) before and after 21-days of head-down tilt bed rest. In 4 participants (8 eyes) (men, mean age ± standard deviation: 29.3 ± 3.9 years) the macular zone and optic disc area were evaluated according to standard scanning modes. To analyze the values obtained, we used mean tendency scores, mean comparison criteria, and graphical analysis. The results of the retinal thickness in the optic disc zone were consistent with those of other researchers, indicating a possible increase in retinal thickness, but our results did not reach the level of statistical significance. A statistically significant thickening of the retina in the macular zone was shown for the first time, but the increase is significantly less in amplitude than the thickening of the nerve fiber layer in the optic disc zone. Analysis of vascular density under head-down tilt bed rest conditions was performed for the first time both for the optic disc zone and the macula zone, but additional studies are required to obtain steady conclusions. For the first time, an increase in retinal thickness in the macula zone in participants of head-down tilt bed rest experiments was shown; for the optic disc zone, data consistent with the results of other researchers were obtained. For the first time, angiographic data were obtained for the macula and optic disk areas, but the obtained differences in vascular density did not reach the level of statistical significance.
Structure and Depositional Environment of the Upper Cenozoic Ulan-Zhalga Reference Section, Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Shchetnikov A. A. , Kazansky A. Yu. , Erbaeva M. A. , Matasova G. G. , Ivanova V. V. , Filinov I. A. , Khenzykhenova F. I. , Namzalova O. D.-Ts. , Nechaev I. O. , Маркова А.К. 
Published: April 2024

The results of a comprehensive study of the Upper Cenozoic Ulan-Zhalga reference section in western Transbaikalia are presented. The paleontological, paleomagnetic and rock magnetic, lithological-mineralogical, and geochemical data obtained allowed us to identify and characterize the Lower, Middle, and Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the section and to reveal the features and conditions of sedimentation. Five members recognized in the section are combined into two sequences: the lower (layers 1–27, units 1–3) and the upper (layers 28–35, units 4–5). The boundary between Matuyama and Brunhes chrons (0.773 Ma) is determined at a depth of 15 m and the upper boundary of the Jaramillo subchron (0.990 Ma) at a depth of 23 m. The Matuyama/Brunhes boundary coincides with the boundary of Lower and Middle Pleistocene faunal complexes. The formation of the section corresponds to two major stages of sedimentation, which boundary is between the units 3 and 4 (depth 11.8 m). Changes in rock magnetic and granulometric parameters over the section has a climatic nature and reflect environmental changes. The formation of the lower part of the section (unit 1), which was accompanied by active pedogenesis, is characterized by the most heat- and moisture-enriched conditions. The upper strata of the section accumulated in colder and drier conditions with increased dynamics of aeolian processes.
Involvement of Dihydropyrimidinase-Related Protein 2 in Regulation of Anxiety in Humans
Authors: Guliyeva Sh. M. , Mekhtiev A. A. 
Published: April 2024

The goal of the study was analysis of the role for dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP2) in regulation of anxiety in humans and animals. For this purpose, the levels of DRP2 in the platelets and saliva and the levels of natural autoantibodies to DRP2 in the blood serum of the patients, admitted for a surgical operation, were analyzed alongside with the effects of DRP2 on rat behavior using the model of elevated plus-maze. Blood samples were collected from the veins of the patients, feeling anxiety at the day of surgery, into test tubes containing 5% EDTA as an anticoagulant. Platelets and serum were purified and through indirect ELISA-test the levels of DRP2 were evaluated in the platelets, while the levels of natural anti-DRP2 autoantibodies were measured in the blood serum. Concomitantly, the levels of DRP2 were estimated in the patients’ saliva sampled on the same day. The results showed upregulation of DRP2 in the platelets (p 0.05 on Student’s t-criterion) and natural anti-DRP2 autoantibodies in the serum of the patients (p 0.001) relative to healthy persons. Evaluation of the level of the stress hormone cortisol in the patients’ serum revealed its upregulation (p 0.01). At the same time downregulation of DRP2 in the patients’ saliva (p 0.01) was noticed. Intra-cerebral administration of DRP2 to the rats resulted in an increase in the number of crossed squares in the open arms of the maze relative to the control rats injected with inactivated DRP2 (p 0.01, Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U-criterion) which indicates their reduced anxiety. Based on the data obtained we conclude that evaluation of DRP2 in the platelets, natural anti-DRP2 autoantibodies in the blood serum and DRP2 in the saliva might serve as an indicator of anxiety levels in humans.
The Effects of Insulin on Spike Activity of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurones and Functional State of Afferent Inputs from the Arcuate Nucleus in Rats
Authors: Inyushkin A. N. , Mistryugov K. A. , Ledyaeva O. V. , Romanova I. D. , Isakova T. S. , Inyushkin A. A. 
Published: April 2024

In experiments on the sagittal hypothalamic slices of male Wistar rats, the effects of 15 nM insulin on the level of spike activity, parameters of spike information coding by the suprachiasmatic nucleus neurones, and functional state of afferent inputs to the neurones from the arcuate nucleus were studied. Application of insulin induced a decrease in the frequency of action potential generation and an increase in the entropy of interspike interval distribution in 33.3% of neurones recorded; in 12% of cells, the responses of opposite direction were found; in the remaining 54.7% neurones, spike activity did not change. The responses of the entropy of interspike interval distribution suggest the related changes in a degree of interspike interval irregularity induced by insulin. To characterise afferent inputs to the suprachiasmatic nucleus neurones from the arcuate nucleus, electrophysiological technique of the construction and analysis of the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) was used. Statistically significant responses to the stimulation of the arcuate nucleus were recorded in 24 of 38 neurones of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In 6 of the neurones, the responses were in the form of a short-latency (20 ms) excitation, in 1 neurone in the form of a long-latency excitation, in 6 neurones in the form of a short-latency inhibition; in 11 neurones complex two- or three-phase responses in the form of different compositions of excitation and inhibition were observed. Application of 15 nM insulin induced a qualitative transformation of the responses (disappearing of the initial responses or emergence of new responses) in 5 neurones initially responded to stimulation, and in 1 neurone initially not responded to stimulation of the arcuate nucleus. Statistically significant changes in the latency or duration of the responses in the presence of insulin were not found. The results of the study suggest the ability of insulin to influence the activity level and the spike code of a respectively numerous population of neurones in the suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillator as well as modulate the functional state of afferent inputs to the circadian oscillator from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus playing an important role in the control of appetite and metabolism.
Effect of Glucose on Water Transport in Rat Peritoneal Mesothelium Cells
Authors: Baturina G. S. , Katkova L. E. , Solenov E. I. 
Published: April 2024

Glucose is widely used as an osmotic agent in the preparation of solutions for peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of glucose on the expression of the water channel aquaporin- 1 (AQP1) and the transcription factor TonEBP, as well as on water permeability of cells in the primary mesothelial mesentery culture of Wistar rats. The method of fluorescence microscopy with intracellular dye сalcein was used in the work. The mRNA content was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Preincubation of cells in a DMEM medium containing glucose (2.3%, 24 hours, 37°C, 5% CO2) led to a decrease in the expression of the aqp1 gene by approx. 60% (control 0.87 ± 0.18; glucose 0.34 ± 0.12, n = 9, p 0.05) and tonebp by 20% (control 0.37 ± 0.024; glucose 0.3 ± 0.012, n = 9, p 0.05). A decrease by 40% in the permeability to water of the plasma membrane of peritoneal mesothelium cells after 24 h preincubation with glucose was also observed (control 7.3Е–3 ± 1.3Е–3 (sm/s), n = 27; glucose 4.3E–3 ± ± 3.8E–4 (sm/s), n = 57, p 0.01). The results of the study indicate that glucose can have an inhibitory effec-t on the transport processes in the cells of the peritoneal mesothelium, which, with multiple exposures, can lead to structural and functional disorders of the peritoneal membrane.
Effect of Neurohypophyseal Hormones on Excretion of Proteins by the Kidneys
Authors: Karavashkina T. A. , Balbotkina E. V. , Kovaleva T. V. , Kutina A. V. 
Published: April 2024

Vasopressin (VP) is one of the main factors affecting intraglomerular hemodynamics, filtration pressure and the state of mesangial cells and contributing to the progression of proteinuria. The aim of this work was to study the effect of neurohypophyseal hormones (VP and oxytocin) on urinary protein excretion. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, healthy and with microalbuminuria caused by minimal damage to the glomerular filter. Microalbuminuria was modeled by administration of D-nitroarginine methyl ester (D-NAME, 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). VP (0.05 and 1.5 nmol/kg) and oxytocin (0.15 nmol/kg) were administered to rats intramuscularly, V2-antagonist (15 nmol/kg) and V1a-antagonist (20 nmol/kg) intraperitoneally. To reduce the level of endogenous VP, animals were given water to drink (10 ml/kg), urine was collected for 2 h, and the levels of total protein, albumin, β2-microglobulin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were analyzed. In healthy rats, VP at a dose of 0.05 nmol/kg and oxytocin did not affect albumin excretion, but VP at a dose of 1.5 nmol/kg provoked microalbuminuria. In a model of impaired properties of the glomerular filter caused by the D-NAME administration, VP at a dose of 0.05 nmol/kg and oxytocin led to the normalization of albumin excretion, and VP at a dose of 1.5 nmol/kg caused pronounced proteinuria, albumin excretion increased by 100 times, IgG – by 10 times. Blockade of V2 receptors aggravated protein loss caused by D-NAME and VP (1.5 nmol/kg), while blockade of V1a receptors prevented it. Thus, at high concentrations in the blood, VP enhances protein filtration in the kidney. This effect is mediated by V1a receptors and, depending on the barrier properties of the glomerular filter, leads to the development of microalbuminuria or severe proteinuria. Oxytocin and VP at a dose at which it predominantly activates V2 receptors have an antiproteinuric effect. The revealed effects of neurohypophyseal hormones on albumin excretion open up new promising therapeutic targets for the correction of glomerular dysfunctions.
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythm Regulation and Their Role in Psychopathology
Authors: Smirnova K. V. , Chizhova N. D. , Gerasimova E. V. , Kalueff A. V. , Amstislavskaya T. G. 
Published: April 2024

Circadian rhythms are cyclic fluctuations in the intensity of biological processes associated with the change of day and night, to which many organisms have adapted during the evolution. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are triggered by both environmental factors (e.g., altering the time zone or the length of day/night) and disrupted internal regulation of cycles (e.g., mutations of key clock genes). These changes can lead to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including psychopathologies. Since the mechanisms underlying circadian regulation are rather evolutionarily conservative, experimental animal models are actively used to probe these processes and their relationship with psychopathologies. Here, we discuss the regulation of circadian rhythms, as well as their cross-taxon similarities and differences between mammals and teleost fish (zebrafish, Danio rerio). We also discuss recent findings on molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of circadian rhythms and their link to pathogenesis of mental disorders in humans and model organisms.