bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth
Authors: Andersson Lars , Andreasen Jens O. , Day Peter , Heithersay Geoffrey , Trope Martin , DiAngelis Anthony J. , Kenny David J. , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Bourguignon Cecilia , Flores Marie Therese , Hicks Morris Lamar , Lenzi Antonio R. , Malmgren Barbro , Moule Alex J. , Tsukiboshi Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract – Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the task group. The guidelines represent the current best evidence and practice based on literature research and professionals’ opinion. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care of avulsed permanent teeth.
Biologics in oral medicine: ulcerative disorders
Authors: O’Neill ID , Scully C 
Published: March 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 37–45Inflammatory ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa are wide ranging but include especially aphthous and aphthous‐like ulceration, vesiculobullous disorders and erosive lichen planus (LP). While most patients with these conditions respond to conventional topical and/or systemic immunosuppressive agents, treatment‐resistant cases remain challenging. In these, the use of biologics such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors or rituximab may be of benefit. This article reviews the use of biologics in ulcerative oral conditions, highlighting potential benefits, adverse effects and principles of use and future developments. TNF‐α inhibitors such as infliximab can be effective in inducing resolution in oral aphthous and aphthous‐like ulcers and may be an appropriate therapy in those patients in which disease is severe and refractory to, or patients are intolerant of, traditional immunomodulatory regimens. There would also seem support and rationale for use of biologics (mainly rituximab) in pemphigus but not in oral LP or other oral ulcerative conditions.
Assessment of pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentrations in swamp buffalo samples from fetal and maternal origins by using interspecies antisera
Authors: NGUYEN Van Hanh , BARBATO Olimpia , BUI Xuan Nguyen , BECKERS Jean‐François , de SOUSA Noelita Melo 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) constitute a large family of glycoproteins found in the outer placental epithelial cell layer of the placenta in Eutherian species. In ruminants, they are noted to be structurally closely related among the different species. This study was designed to determine PAG concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma, allantoic and amniotic fluids in buffalo species. Antisera (AS) generated in rabbits against distinct PAG molecules were used in three radioimmunoassay (RIA)‐PAG systems: RIA‐1 (antiserum raised against bovine PAG67kDa; AS#497), RIA‐2 (antiserum raised against caprine PAG55 + 62 kDa; AS#706) or RIA‐3 (antiserum raised against buffalo PAG; AS#859). Samples were collected at a slaughterhouse (n = 67). PAG concentrations determined by RIA‐2 gave significantly higher results in both allantoic and amniotic fluids (12.7 ± 2.1 ng/mL and 24.0 ± 7.3 ng/mL, respectively). Regarding maternal and fetal plasma, PAG concentrations obtained by RIA‐2 (21.8 ± 2.4 ng/mL and 20.2 ± 2.5 ng/mL, respectively) and RIA‐3 (25.0 ± 2.2 ng/mL and 21.9 ± 3.2 ng/mL, respectively) were higher than those obtained by RIA‐1 (15.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL and 16.1 ± 1.8 ng/mL, respectively). The correlation among the three systems was very high. The study clearly reveals the ability of different PAG‐RIA systems to measure PAG concentration in swamp buffalo samples.
Renaissance Society of America Convention, April 2010  The Intellectual Culture of Puritan Women, 1558–1680
Authors: Scott‐Baumann Elizabeth , Harris Johanna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay introduces The Intellectual Culture of Puritan Women, 1558–1680, a cluster of papers presented at the Renaissance Society of America Convention in 2010. Like the longer essays presented in The Intellectual Culture of Puritan Women, 1558–1680 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), ed. Scott‐Baumann and Harris, this cluster argues that early modern women’s puritanism formed and developed rather than prohibited their substantial and leading contributions to their culture. This introductory essay investigates the concepts of both intellectual culture and puritanism, and also argues that the vibrant role of women in puritan intellectual culture has been neglected. The essays which complete the cluster provide case studies which highlight the local, national, and international dimensions of early modern puritan culture and reveal an intellectualism characterized by networks of patronage, translation, manuscript circulation and correspondence.
The Countess of Pembroke and the Practice of Piety
Authors: Clarke Danielle 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article argues that Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke deploys revision as a central aspect of her poetics, and that this habit is not so much the consequence of indecision on her part, but the application of methods and techniques suggested for the improvement of female piety in a range of texts by early modern commentators.
Development of Electrical Discharge Machinable ZTA Ceramics with 24 vol% of TiC,TiN,TiCN,TiB2 and WC as Electrically Conductive Phase
Authors: Landfried Richard , Kern Frank , Burger Wolfgang , Leonhardt Wolfgang , Gadow Rainer 
Published: March 2012

In order to develop ED‐machinable ceramics with high strength, toughness and wear resistance, ZTA was chosen as matrix material. A dispersion of 24 vol% electrically conductive phase (TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiB2 and WC) was added. These composites were hot pressed for 1 h at 60 MPa and temperatures ranging from 1475°C to 1550°C. Mechanical and electrical properties were investigated. The influence of the electrically conductive phase on the surface quality after EDM was analyzed. The mechanical properties and machining quality were found to depend significantly on the type of conductive phase added. Machining of a complex shaped ZTA‐TiC component was demonstrated.
Alumina Toughened Zirconia Nanocomposite Incorporating Al2O3 Whiskers
Authors: Aguilar‐Elguézabal A. , Bocanegra‐Bernal M. H. 
Published: March 2012

We investigated the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of an Al2O3(n) + 70 wt% ZrO2 (TZ‐3Y)n nanocomposite with addition of 2.5 wt% Al2O3 whiskers. Densities greater than 95% were reached after conventional sintering at 1500°C. The fracture toughness was increased 62% over pure Al2O3. Microcracking and crack deflection can be the mechanisms responsible to improve the fracture toughness. The use of ATZ composites with a low percent of whiskers can be a promising biomedical material for medical and dental applications given its large increase in fracture toughness over pure alumina and the observed relief from aging issues of zirconia.
Relationship between dissolved organic and inorganic compounds in tributaries of the Lake Baikal
Authors: Zimnik Ekaterina A. , Semenov Mikhail Y. , Semenova Yulia V. , Khodzher Tamara V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt was shown that the balance between organic and inorganic compounds is mostly conditioned by watershed size and relief, rather than chemistry. The rise and fall of dissolved organic carbon concentration are irreversely proportional to those of acid neutralizing capacity and follow the changes in water flowpaths. This relationship was used to distinguish between dissolved matter sources, and to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively their contribution to surface water chemistry. The proposed approach has restricted applicability to the watersheds composed of sedimentary materials and to the watersheds with high percentage of wetlands. The applicability of the approach is also limited to a variety of environmental conditions. Big watersheds should be divided into lower order subcatchments to reduce uncertainty in interpretation of results. In small and medium watersheds, the proposed approach can be used for predicting water chemistry under different environmental conditions and for tracing contaminants.
The Nature and Ethics of Blame
Authors: Coates D. Justin , Tognazzini Neal A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBlame is usually discussed in the context of the free will problem, but recently moral philosophers have begun to examine it on its own terms. If, as many suppose, free will is to be understood as the control relevant to moral responsibility, and moral responsibility is to be understood in terms of whether blame is appropriate, then an independent inquiry into the nature and ethics of blame will be essential to solving (and, perhaps, even fully understanding) the free will problem. In this article we first survey and categorize recent accounts of the nature of blame – is it action, belief, emotion, desire, or something else? – and then we look at several proposed requirements on appropriate blame that look beyond the transgressor himself, considerations that will form part of a full account of the ethics of blame.
Bioenergy crop models: descriptions, data requirements, and future challenges
Authors: Surendran Nair Sujithkumar , Kang Shujiang , Zhang Xuesong , Miguez Fernando E. , Izaurralde R. Cesar , Post Wilfred M. , Dietze Michael C. , Lynd Lee R. , Wullschleger Stan D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractField studies that address the production of lignocellulosic biomass as a source of renewable energy provide critical data for the development of bioenergy crop models. A literature survey revealed that 14 models have been used for simulating bioenergy crops including herbaceous and woody bioenergy crops, and for crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crops. These models simulate field‐scale production of biomass for switchgrass (ALMANAC,EPIC, and Agro‐BGC), miscanthus (MISCANFOR,MISCANMOD, andWIMOVAC), sugarcane (APSIM,AUSCANE, andCANEGRO), and poplar and willow (SECRETSand 3PG). Two models are adaptations of dynamic global vegetation models and simulate biomass yields of miscanthus and sugarcane at regional scales (Agro‐IBISandLPJmL). Although it lacks the complexity of other bioenergy crop models, the environmental productivity index (EPI) is the only model used to estimate biomass production ofCAM(Agave andOpuntia) plants. Except for theEPImodel, all models include representations of leaf area dynamics, phenology, radiation interception and utilization, biomass production, and partitioning of biomass to roots and shoots. A few models simulate soil water, nutrient, and carbon cycle dynamics, making them especially useful for assessing the environmental consequences (e.g., erosion and nutrient losses) associated with the large‐scale deployment of bioenergy crops. The rapid increase in use of models for energy crop simulation is encouraging; however, detailed information on the influence of climate, soils, and crop management practices on biomass production is scarce. Thus considerable work remains regarding the parameterization and validation of process‐based models for bioenergy crops; generation and distribution of high‐quality field data for model development and validation; and implementation of an integrated framework for efficient, high‐resolution simulations of biomass production for use in planning sustainable bioenergy systems.
Vibrio cholerae in a historically cholera‐free country
Authors: Haley Bradd J. , Chen Arlene , Grim Christopher J. , Clark Philip , Diaz Celia Municio , Taviani Elisa , Hasan Nur A. , Sancomb Elizabeth , Elnemr Wessam Mahmoud , Islam Muhammad A. , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita R. , Benediktsdóttir Eva 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe report the autochthonous existence of Vibrio cholerae in coastal waters of Iceland, a geothermally active country where cholera is absent and has never been reported. Seawater, mussel and macroalgae samples were collected close to, and distant from, sites where geothermal activity causes a significant increase in water temperature during low tides. Vibrio cholerae was detected only at geothermal‐influenced sites during low‐tides. None of the V. cholerae isolates encoded cholera toxin (ctxAB) and all were non‐O1/non‐O139 serogroups. However, all isolates encoded other virulence factors that are associated with cholera as well as extra‐intestinal V. cholerae infections. The virulence factors were functional at temperatures of coastal waters of Iceland, suggesting an ecological role. It is noteworthy that V. cholerae was isolated from samples collected at sites distant from anthropogenic influence, supporting the conclusion that V. cholerae is autochthonous to the aquatic environment of Iceland.
Cord ghrelin levels are decreased in large‐for‐gestational‐age neonates
Authors: Ding H. , Pan Y. , Yu Y. , Gu P. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryGhrelin is a growth hormone secretagogue peptide and has been recognized as an orexigenic factor. To investigate relationship between cord ghrelin and anthropometric and metabolic indices, we measured cord ghrelin in large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) neonates and examined whether cord ghrelin levels were correlated to concentrations of cord blood glucose, insulin, lipid and maternal ghrelin. Fifty‐five singletons born at term and their mothers were investigated in this study. Maternal venous blood samples were collected before delivery. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol were measured in cord blood sampled at birth. The results show that the concentrations of cord ghrelin are significantly lower in LGA neonates. There is a positive correlation between cord ghrelin levels and maternal ghrelin levels. Negative correlations are found between cord ghrelin levels and gestational age, the concentrations of cord glucose, insulin, TG and LDL. Multivariate regression analyses show that birth weight (r2 = 0.674, β = −0.548, P < 0.001) was the predictor correlating with ghrelin levels. In conclusion, LGA neonates have lower cord ghrelin concentrations than AGA neonates.
Caudal anaesthesia of the infraorbital nerve for diagnosis of idiopathic headshaking and caudal compression of the infraorbital nerve for its treatment, in 58 horses
Authors: ROBERTS V. L. H. , PERKINS J. D. , SKÄRLINA E. , GORVY D. A. , TREMAINE W. H. , WILLIAMS A. , McKANE S. A. , WHITE I. , KNOTTENBELT D. C. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Idiopathic headshaking is often a facial pain syndrome, but a diagnostic protocol has not been described. In a previous study, caudal compression of the infraorbital nerve for treatment offered a fair success rate, but low case numbers and short follow‐up time were limitations.Objectives:To describe a diagnostic protocol for headshaking, examining the role of bilateral local analgesia of the posterior ethmoidal nerve (PET block). To report longer‐term follow‐up after surgery of the original cases and further cases and to determine whether changes to the technique influence success rates and complications.Methods:Records of horses that had undergone PET block and caudal compression surgery at 3 hospitals were reviewed. Modifications to the surgical technique included placing additional coils into the infraorbital canal and/or performing concurrent laser cautery of the nerve. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone contact with owners.Results:The PET block was performed in 27 horses, with a positive result in 23 of 27 (85%). Surgery was performed in 58 horses. A successful outcome was initially achieved in 35 of 57 (63%) horses, but recurrence occurred between 9 and 30 months later in 9 (26%). Surgery was repeated in 10 of 31 (32%) horses. Final success rate, considering only response to the last performed surgery, was 28 of 57 (49%) horses with median follow‐up time of 18 months (range 2–66 months). Nose‐rubbing was reported post operatively in 30 of 48 (63%) horses. This resolved in all but 4 horses, which were subjected to euthanasia. Response to PET block or change in surgical technique did not appear to influence outcome or complications.Conclusions and potential relevance:The diagnostic protocol described is recommended for the investigation of headshakers. Caudal compression offers the best prognosis for a successful outcome compared with other treatments, for horses in which the only alternative is euthanasia. Surgical treatment of the disorder requires refinement, and the pathogenesis of the disorder requires investigation.
European outbreaks of atypical myopathy in grazing horses (2006–2009): Determination of indicators for risk and prognostic factors
Authors: van GALEN G. , SAEGERMAN C. , MARCILLAUD PITEL C. , PATARIN F. , AMORY H. , BAILY J. D. , CASSART D. , GERBER V. , HAHN C. , HARRIS P. , KEEN J. A. , KIRSCHVINK N. , LEFERE L. , McGORUM B. , MULLER J. M. V. , PICAVET M. T. J. E. , PIERCY R. J. , ROSCHER K. , SERTEYN D. , UNGER L. , van der KOLK J. H. , van LOON G. , VERWILGHEN D. , WESTERMANN C. M. , VOTION D. M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study: Appropriate management of atypical myopathy (AM) requires the establishment of an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, preventive measures to avoid AM need to be refined.Objectives: The aims of the study were as follows: 1) to improve the diagnosis of AM; 2) to identify prognostic predictors; and 3) to refine recommended preventive measures based on indicators of risk factors.Methods: An exploratory analysis of cases in Europe between 2006 and 2009 reported to the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group was conducted. Based on clinical data, reported cases were allocated into 2 groups: confirmed or highly probable AM (AM group; further divided into survivors and nonsurvivors); and cases with a low probability of having AM or with another final diagnosis (non‐AM group). Using Welch's test and odds ratios corrected for multiple comparisons, the AM vs. non‐AM groups were compared to identify indicators for diagnosis and risk factors, and survivors vs. nonsurvivors in the AM group were compared to identify prognostic factors. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for specific clinical signs related to final diagnosis and outcome.Results: From 600 reported cases, 354 AM cases (survival rate of 26%) and 69 non‐AM cases were identified, while there were insufficient data to categorise the remainder. Variables valuable for diagnosing AM compared with similar diseases were as follows: presence of dead leaves and wood and/or trees on pastures; sloping pastures; full‐time pasture access; no food supplementation; normal body condition; pigmenturia; normothermia; and congested mucous membranes. Nonsurvival was associated with recumbency, sweating, anorexia, dyspnoea, tachypnoea and/or tachycardia. Survival was associated with remaining standing most of the time, normothermia, normal mucous membranes, defaecation and vitamin and antioxidant therapy.Conclusions and potential relevance: This study refines the list of risk factors for AM. Clinical signs valuable for diagnosis and prognosis have been identified, enabling clinicians to improve management of AM cases.
Modified parainguinal approach for cystic calculus removal in five equids
Authors: WATTS A. E. , FUBINI S. L. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis report describes a modification of the parainguinal approach for removal of cystic calculi: a ventral midline laparotomy‐guided parainguinal laparocystotomy. The ventral midline approach to the abdomen is rapid and routinely used by equine surgeons. With an arm introduced to the abdomen via the ventral midline, the surgeon is able to select the ideal parainguinal laparotomy incision location that allows bladder exteriorisation with the minimum amount of tension. Because the surgeon's hand is introduced via the ventral midline incision, the parainguinal incision can be sized to just allow exteriorisation of the urinary bladder and urolith, increasing extra‐abdominal bladder security during cystotomy while reducing incision size in the parainguinal region. Finally, an assistant's hand via the ventral midline incision can maintain bladder stability within the parainguinal incision during cystotomy closure.
Premature luteal regression in a pregnant mare and subsequent pregnancy maintenance with the use of oral altrenogest
Authors: CANISSO I. F. , BELTAIRE K. A. , BEDFORD‐GUAUS S. J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPremature luteal demise or luteal insufficiency is not well characterised as a cause of pregnancy loss in domestic species, including horses. In this report, a mare inseminated with cooled‐transported semen at our facility returned for a routine pregnancy diagnosis at 15 days post ovulation. Ultrasonographyper rectumrevealed endometrial oedema and the absence of visual indication of a corpus luteum on either ovary. Nonetheless, an embryonic vesicle small for the gestational age was identified. Daily oral altrenogest treatment was implemented immediately. Serum progesterone concentration was 0.67 ng/ml, which is below the threshold considered adequate for pregnancy maintenance in the mare. Examinations were repeated at 17, 25, 30, 39, 49, 72 and 120 days post ovulation. At 25 days post ovulation the embryonic vesicle presented normal development for the gestational age. In addition, sequential blood samples were collected to measure progesterone, equine chorionic gonadotrophin and oestrone sulphate concentrations. Although progesterone concentration did not exceed 2 ng/ml until 72 days post ovulation, all other results were unremarkable and a healthy filly was born uneventfully at 344 days post ovulation.
Activation of glutamate transport evokes rapid glutamine release from perisynaptic astrocytes
Authors: Uwechue Nneka M. , Marx Mari‐Carmen , Chevy Quentin , Billups Brian 
Published: March 2012

Key points
Following release of glutamate from excitatory synapses, excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) sequester this glutamate into neighbouring astrocytes.
The signalling effects on the astrocyte and the mechanisms by which this glutamate is recycled back to the synapse are currently unclear.
In this study we use electrophysiological recording from neurones and astrocytes to show that a surge of the neurotransmitter glutamate, as usually occurs during neuronal activity, activates astrocytes and causes them to rapidly release the amino acid glutamine.
This glutamine mediates a fast signal back to the neurones, where it is sequestered and is available for the biosynthesis of further neurotransmitters.
Our data demonstrate a novel feedback mechanism by which astrocytes can potentially modulate neuronal function, and pave the way for development of new therapeutic approaches to treat neurological disorders.
Expression of gastrin‐releasing peptide is increased by prolonged stretch of human myometrium, and antagonists of its receptor inhibit contractility
Authors: Tattersall Mark , Cordeaux Yolande , Charnock‐Jones D. Stephen , Smith Gordon C. S. 
Published: March 2012

Key points
Increased uterine stretch appears to increase the risk of preterm labour, but the mechanism by which this might occur is unknown.
Gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) mRNA levels are increased by stretch of myometrial explants and incubation of stretched explants in GRP antagonists can decrease their contractility.
GRP may be a target for novel therapies to decrease the risk of preterm labour in women with multiple pregnancies.