bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational approach to resolve cell level contributions to early glandular epithelial cancer progression
Authors: Kim Sean HJ , Debnath Jayanta , Mostov Keith , Park Sunwoo , Hunt C Anthony 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) embedded cell cultures provide an appropriate physiological environment to reconstruct features of early glandular epithelial cancer. Although these are orders of magnitude simpler than tissues, they too are complex systems that have proven challenging to understand. We used agent-based, discrete event simulation modeling methods to build working hypotheses of mechanisms of epithelial 3D culture phenotype and early cancer progression. Starting with an earlier software analogue, we validated an improved in silico epithelial analogue (ISEA) for cardinal features of a normally developed MDCK cyst. A set of axiomatic operating principles defined simulated cell actions. We explored selective disruption of individual simulated cell actions. New framework features enabled recording detailed measures of ISEA cell activities and morphology.ResultsEnabled by a small set of cell operating principles, ISEA cells multiplied and self-organized into cyst-like structures that mimicked those of MDCK cells in a 3D embedded cell culture. Selective disruption of "anoikis" or directional cell division caused the ISEA to develop phenotypic features resembling those of in vitro tumor reconstruction models and cancerous tissues in vivo. Disrupting either process, or both, altered cell activity patterns that resulted in morphologically similar outcomes. Increased disruption led to a prolonged presence of intraluminal cells.ConclusionsISEA mechanisms, behaviors, and morphological properties may have biological counterparts. To the extent that in silico-to-in vitro mappings are valid, the results suggest plausible, additional mechanisms of in vitro cancer reconstruction or reversion, and raise potentially significant implications for early cancer diagnosis based on histology. Further ISEA development and use are expected to provide a viable platform to complement in vitro methods for unraveling the mechanistic basis of epithelial morphogenesis and cancer progression.
Clostridium septicum infection of hepatic metastases following alcohol injection: a case report
Authors: Saleh Neam , Sohail Muhammad R , Hashmey Rayhan H , Al Kaabi Mohammed 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Clostridium septicum infections are generally associated with gastrointestinal or hematologic malignancies. We report the first case of hepatic metastases infection with Clostridium septicum that followed alcohol injection of liver lesion. Clinicians should consider this possibility in patients with underlying malignancy who present with hepatic abscess, as prompt surgical drainage and empiric antibiotics may be life saving.
Genomic characterization of the Yersinia genus
Authors: Chen Peter E , Cook Christopher , Stewart Andrew C , Nagarajan Niranjan , Sommer Dan D , Pop Mihai , Thomason Brendan , Thomason Maureen P Kiley , Lentz Shannon , Nolan Nichole , Sozhamannan Shanmuga , Sulakvelidze Alexander , Mateczun Alfred , Du Lei , Zwick Michael E , Read Timothy D 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Background
New DNA sequencing technologies have enabled detailed comparative genomic analyses of entire genera of bacterial pathogens. Prior to this study, three species of the enterobacterial genus Yersinia that cause invasive human diseases (Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica) had been sequenced. However, there were no genomic data on the Yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments.

Results
We used high-throughput sequencing-by-synthesis instruments to obtain 25- to 42-fold average redundancy, whole-genome shotgun data from the type strains of eight species: Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, Y. intermedia, Y. mollaretii, Y. rohdei, and Y. ruckeri. The deepest branching species in the genus, Y. ruckeri, causative agent of red mouth disease in fish, has the smallest genome (3.7 Mb), although it shares the same core set of approximately 2,500 genes as the other members of the species, whose genomes range in size from 4.3 to 4.8 Mb. Yersinia genomes had a similar global partition of protein functions, as measured by the distribution of Cluster of Orthologous Groups families. Genome to genome variation in islands with genes encoding functions such as ureases, hydrogeneases and B-12 cofactor metabolite reactions may reflect adaptations to colonizing specific host habitats.

Conclusions
Rapid high-quality draft sequencing was used successfully to compare pathogenic and non-pathogenic members of the Yersinia genus. This work underscores the importance of the acquisition of horizontally transferred genes in the evolution of Y. pestis and points to virulence determinants that have been gained and lost on multiple occasions in the history of the genus.
The role of macrophages in the development and progression of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Huysentruyt Leanne C , McGrath Michael S 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Review of the potential role of macrophage viral reservoirs in AIDS-related lymphoma development and metastasis by focusing on the possibility that HIV creates pathogenic environments.
Despite HAART, patients infected with HIV develop NHL at a significantly higher level than the noninfected population. The primary difference between lymphoma in non-HIV-infected individuals and those with ARL is that ARL is consistently high-grade and metastatic. The emergence of ARL is associated with the presence of macrophage viral reservoirs, similar to what has been observed for HAD. HIV-infected macrophages, as seen by histology and HIV p24 staining, are present in approximately half of ARLs. Macrophage reservoirs recruit additional immune cells, including monocytes/macrophages, through the release of chemoattractants. Additionally, TAM are known to promote tumor progression for most cancer types, including lymphomas. This review will highlight and discuss the role of macrophage viral reservoirs in the development and progression of ARLs and hopefully, shed light on this new and interesting field.
Distinct populations of metastases-enabling myeloid cells expand in the liver of mice harboring invasive and preinvasive intra-abdominal tumor
Authors: Connolly Michael K , Mallen-St. Clair Jon , Bedrosian Andrea S , Malhotra Ashim , Vera Valery , Ibrahim Junaid , Henning Justin , Pachter H Leon , Bar-Sagi Dafna , Frey Alan B , Miller George 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The expansion of distinct immune suppressive cells in the liver of tumor bearing hosts may bear on the propensity of patients with intra-abdominal cancers to develop liver metastases.
The liver is the most common site of adenocarcinoma metastases, even in patients who initially present with early disease. We postulated that immune-suppressive cells in the liver of tumor-bearing hosts inhibit anti-tumor T cells, thereby accelerating the growth of liver metastases. Using models of early preinvasive pancreatic neoplasia and advanced colorectal cancer, aims of this study were to determine immune phenotype, stimulus for recruitment, inhibitory effects, and tumor-enabling function of immune-suppressive cells in the liver of tumor-bearing hosts. We found that in mice with intra-abdominal malignancies, two distinct CD11b+Gr1+ populations with divergent phenotypic and functional properties accumulate in the liver, becoming the dominant hepatic leukocytes. Their expansion is contingent on tumor expression of KC. These cells are distinct from CD11b+Gr1+ populations in other tissues of tumor-bearing hosts in terms of cellular phenotype and cytokine and chemokine profile. Liver CD11b+Gr1+ cells are highly suppressive of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity and induce the development of Tregs. Moreover, liver myeloid-derived suppressor cells accelerate the development of hepatic metastases by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells. These findings may explain the propensity of patients with intra-abdominal cancers to develop liver metastases and suggest a promising target for experimental therapeutics.
Macrophage polarization and HIV-1 infection
Authors: Cassol Edana , Cassetta Luca , Alfano Massimo , Poli Guido 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReview of the role of human M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in HIV-1 infection.Polarization of MP into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2a, M2b, and M2c) macrophages is critical in mediating an effective immune response against invading pathogens. However, several pathogens use these activation pathways to facilitate dissemination and pathogenesis. Viruses generally induce an M1-like phenotype during the acute phase of infection. In addition to promoting the development of Th1 responses and IFN production, M1 macrophages often produce cytokines that drive viral replication and tissue damage. As shown for HIV-1, polarization can also alter macrophage susceptibility to infection. In vitro polarization into M1 cells prevents HIV-1 infection, and M2a polarization inhibits viral replication at a post-integration level. M2a cells also express high levels of C-type lectins that can facilitate macrophage-mediated transmission of HIV-1 to CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are particularly abundant in mucosal membranes and unlike DCs, do not usually migrate to distal tissues. As a result, macrophages are likely to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis in mucosal rather than lymphatic tissues. In vivo polarization of MP is likely to span a spectrum of activation phenotypes that may change the permissivity to and alter the outcome of HIV-1 and other viral infections.
White matter microstructural abnormalities in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Macritchie Karine A. N. , Lloyd Adrian J. , Bastin Mark E. , Vasudev Kamini , Gallagher Peter , Eyre Rachel , Marshall Ian , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Ferrier I. Nicol , Moore P. Brian , Young Allan H. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundAbnormal diffusion parameters are reported in specific brain regions and white matter tracts in bipolar disorder.AimsTo investigate whether these abnormalities are generalised, and thus evident in large regions of white matter.MethodDiffusion parameters were measured at several regions in the corpus callosum and in deep/periventricular white matter in 28 currently euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and controls. White matter hyperintensity loads were assessed.ResultsComparing the whole data-sets using the sign test, in the group with bipolar disorder, mean diffusivity was greater at all 15 sites (P<0.001) and fractional anisotropy was reduced at 13 (P<0.01). The effect of diagnosis was significant for callosal mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy and for deep/periventricular mean diffusivity (MANCOVA). Comparing individual regions (Mann–Whitney U-test), prefrontal and periventricular mean diffusivity were significantly increased; callosal and occipital fractional anisotropy were significantly reduced. Former substance use and lithium were possible confounding factors. Periventricular white matter hyperintensities were associated with significantly increased periventricular mean diffusivity in individuals with bipolar disorder.ConclusionsGeneralised white matter microstructural abnormalities may exist in bipolar disorder, possibly exacerbated by past substance use and ameliorated by lithium.
Risk of psychological distress following severe obstetric complications in Benin: the role of economics, physical health and spousal abuse
Authors: Fottrell Edward , Kanhonou Lydie , Goufodji Sourou , Béhague Dominique P. , Marshall Tom , Patel Vikram , Filippi Véronique 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of life-threatening obstetric complications (‘near miss’) on women's mental health in low- and middle-income countries.AimsTo examine the relationships between near miss and postpartum psychological distress in the Republic of Benin.MethodOne-year prospective cohort using epidemiological and ethnographic techniques in a population of women delivering at health facilities.ResultsIn total 694 women contributed to the study. Except when associated with perinatal death, near-miss events were not associated with greater risk of psychological distress in the 12 months postpartum compared with uncomplicated childbirth. Much of the direct effect of near miss with perinatal death on increased risk of psychological distress was shown to be mediated through wider consequences of traumatic childbirth.ConclusionsA live baby protects near-miss women from increased vulnerability by giving a positive element in their lives that helps them cope and reduces their risk of psychological distress. Near-miss women with perinatal death should be targeted early postpartum to prevent or treat the development of depressive symptoms.
Risk factors for suicide in rural south India
Authors: Manoranjitham S. D. , Rajkumar A. P. , Thangadurai P. , Prasad J. , Jayakaran R. , Jacob K. S. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundThe relative contributions of psychosocial stress and psychiatric morbidity to suicide are a subject of debate.AimsTo determine major risk factors for suicide in rural south India.MethodWe used a matched case–control design and psychological autopsy to assess 100 consecutive suicides and 100 living controls matched for age, gender and neighbourhood.ResultsThirty-seven (37%) of those who died by suicide had a DSM–III–R psychiatric diagnosis. Alcohol dependence (16%) and adjustment disorders (15%) were the most common categories. The prevalence rates for schizophrenia, major depressive episode and dysthymia were 2% each. Ongoing stress and chronic pain heightened the risk of suicide. Living alone and a break in a steady relationship within the past year were also significantly associated with suicide.ConclusionsPsychosocial stress and social isolation, rather than psychiatric morbidity, are risk factors for suicide in rural south India.
TENTS guidelines: development of post-disaster psychosocial care guidelines through a Delphi process
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. , Tavakoly Behrooz , Witteveen Anke B. , Ajdukovic Dean , Jehel Louis , Johansen Venke J. , Nordanger Dag , Garcia Francisco Orengo , Punamaki Raija-Leena , Schnyder Ulrich , Sezgin A. Ufuk , Wittmann Lutz , Olff Miranda 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundHow best to plan and provide psychosocial care following disasters remains keenly debated.AimsTo develop evidence-informed post-disaster psychosocial management guidelines.MethodA three-round web-based Delphi process was conducted. One hundred and six experts rated the importance of statements generated from existing evidence using a one to nine scale. Participants reassessed their original scores in the light of others' responses in the subsequent rounds.ResultsA total of 80 (72%) of 111 statements achieved consensus for inclusion. The statement ‘all responses should provide access to pharmacological assessment and management’ did not achieve consensus. The final guidelines recommend that every area has a multi-agency psychosocial care planning group, that responses provide general support, access to social, physical and psychological support and that specific mental health interventions are only provided if indicated by a comprehensive assessment. Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended for acute stress disorder or acute post-traumatic stress disorder, with other treatments with an evidence base for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder being made available if trauma-focused CBT is not tolerated.ConclusionsThe Delphi process allowed a consensus to be achieved in an area where there are limitations to the current evidence.
Validity of a short clinical interview for psychiatric diagnosis: the mini-SCAN
Authors: Nienhuis F. J. , van de Willige G. , Rijnders C. A. Th. , de Jonge P. , Wiersma D. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundTo promote clinical application of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) system a shorter version (the mini-SCAN) was devised. Its psychometric properties were unknown.AimsTo establish the validity and practical properties of the mini-SCAN.MethodOne hundred and six participants were interviewed twice, once with the SCAN and once with the mini-SCAN. The level of agreement was established for the categories: no disorder, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, non-affective psychotic disorders, affective psychotic disorders.ResultsThe mini-SCAN is a valid instrument. Most kappa values were around 0.90. Only for the class of affective psychotic disorders was the agreement moderate. Mean duration of the mini-SCAN interviews was 25 min shorter than the SCAN interviews. Participants and interviewers were generally satisfied with the interview format and questions.ConclusionsThe mini-SCAN can be used as a diagnostic instrument for clinical purposes and for clinical studies when the present episode is the focus of attention.
Non-fatal repetition of self-harm: population-based prospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Vincent C. H. , Tan Happy K. L. , Cheng Andrew T. A. , Chen Chung-Ying , Liao Long-Ren , Stewart Robert , Dewey Michael , Prince Martin 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundRepeated self-harm is relatively common and is linked with an elevated risk of eventual suicide. There has been no study of this involving a large sample from the Far East.AimsTo estimate the risk over the medium term of non-fatal repetition of self-harm and identify predictive factors in those carrying out self-harm.MethodA total of 970 individuals who had self-harmed were recruited from a community-based suicide behaviour register system in Nantou, Taiwan from July 2000 to February 2003. Information regarding demography and suicide methods was collected. Individuals were followed-up until December 2005 to examine the risk of repeated self-harm and independent predictive factors.ResultsNinety cohort members had repeated self-harm during the follow-up period (accounting for 131 repeated self-harm episodes in all). The cumulative risks were 5.7% for the first year, 7.8% for the second year and 9.5% for the fourth year. The risk was highest within the first year after the self-harm event. Independent risk factors included female gender and self-cutting as well as self-poisoning with drugs. Effect of younger age was mediated through the choice of methods.ConclusionsIndividuals with self-harm have a high risk of repetition, especially within the first year. Suicide prevention strategies need to focus on intervening with this population to reduce their repetition.
Risk of developing dementia in people with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Velayudhan Latha , Poppe Michaela , Archer Nicola , Proitsi Petroula , Brown Richard G. , Lovestone Simon 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive dysfunction, but it is not clear whether the disorder increases the risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.AimsTo determine the association between diabetes mellitus and dementia conversion in people with mild cognitive impairment (Peterson's criteria) in a prospective community-based study.MethodPeople over 65 years old were approached through primary care practices in south London, UK, and those with mild cognitive impairment (n = 103) were followed up for 4 years. Presence of diabetes was established from self-report and information from general practitioners.ResultsNineteen participants progressed to dementia, with the predominant diagnosis being probable or possible Alzheimer's disease (in 84%). Only diabetes mellitus was associated with progression to dementia (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.3) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, APOE4, premorbid IQ and other health conditions.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus increases not only the risks of dementia and mild cognitive impairment but also the risk of progression from such impairment to dementia.
Ethnicity and coercion among involuntarily detained psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Bennewith Olive , Amos Tim , Lewis Glyn , Katsakou Christina , Wykes Til , Morriss Richard , Priebe Stefan 
Published: December 2009

SummaryWe assessed whether adult Black and minority ethnic (BME) patients detained for involuntary psychiatric treatment experienced more coercion than similar White patients. We found no evidence of this from patient interviews or from hospital records. The area (mental health trust) where people were treated was strongly associated with both the experience of coercion and the recording of a coercive measure in their records. Regarding charges of institutional racism in psychiatry, this study highlights the importance of investigating the role of area characteristics when assessing the relationship between ethnicity and patient management.
Ten-year results of a double-heat-treated metal-on-metal hip resurfacing
Authors: Daniel J. , Ziaee H. , Kamali A. , Pradhan C. , Band T. , McMinn D. J. W. 
Published: January 2010

Second-generation metal-on-metal bearings were introduced as a response to the considerable incidence of wear-induced failures associated with conventional replacements, especially in young patients. We present the results at ten years of a consecutive series of patients treated using a metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. A distinct feature of the bearings used in our series was that they had been subjected to double-heat treatments during the post-casting phase of their manufacture. In the past these bearings had not been subjected to thermal treatments, making this a unique metal-on-metal bearing which had not been used before in clinical practice. We report the outcome of 184 consecutive hips (160 patients) treated using a hybrid-fixed metal-on-metal hip resurfacing during 1996. Patients were invited for a clinicoradiological follow-up at a minimum of ten years. The Oxford hip score and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained. The mean age at operation was 54 years (21 to 75). A series of 107 consecutive hips (99 patients) who received the same prosthesis, but subjected to a single thermal treatment after being cast, between March 1994 and December 1995, were used as a control group for comparison. In the 1994 to 1995 group seven patients (seven hips) died from unrelated causes and there were four revisions (4%) for osteolysis and aseptic loosening. In the 1996 group nine patients died at a mean of 6.9 years after operation because of unrelated causes. There were 30 revisions (16%) at a mean of 7.3 years (1.2 to 10.9), one for infection at 1.2 years and 29 for osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Furthermore, in the latter group there were radiological signs of failure in 27 (24%) of the 111 surviving hips. The magnitude of the problem of osteolysis and aseptic loosening in the 1996 cohort did not become obvious until five years after the operation. Our results indicate that double-heat treatments of metal-on-metal bearings can lead to an increased incidence of wear-induced osteolysis.