bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive fixture and tool space design considering tool movement, machine, and inspection for five-axis grinding
Authors: Wang Y , Wang Z-J , Yilmaz O , Gindy N 
Published: October 2009

This paper proposes a novel method of collision-free fixture and tool space design for five-axis grinding, considering tool movement, machine degrees of freedom, the machine envelope, inspection, and related features. The fixture space is designed in three steps. First, the fixture space is generated as the remaining space after cutting out the tooling space (i.e. the sweeping space of the grinding wheel along the profile of the machined features). In this way, the fixture space is naturally collision-free with respect to tool movement. Second, the fixture space is further modified based on the constraints imposed by the grinding machine centre, which include over-travel distance, the positions of coolant nozzle and wheel dresser, and so on. Third, the fixture space is modified again according to measurements conducted by coordinate measuring machines and in-cycle machine probes. Interactions of fixture space with tool space, machine, and inspection are considered. The fixture space design for holding aerofoil blades on a five-axis machining centre Makino A55 for grinding operations is used as a case study, and the results of this study have been verified by computer-aided manufacture (CAM) simulation software Vericut and physical experiments using dummy wheels.
An empirical regressive model to improve the metrological performance of mobile spatial coordinate measuring systems
Authors: Maisano D , Mastrogiacomo L 
Published: October 2009

The mobile spatial coordinate measuring system (MScMS) is a system to perform dimensional measurements of large-scale objects. It consists of a wireless measuring probe with ultrasonic (US) transceivers, the position of which is determined using a distributed constellation of analogous transceivers arranged around the measuring area. The principle is to measure the time-of-flight (TOF) of the US signals exchanged between pairs of transceivers and, consequently, to obtain an estimate of their distances. The accuracy of TOF measurements can be attributed to many factors; the most influential are those associated with US signal attenuation.The purpose of this paper is to build an experimental correction model to reduce the MScMS’ error in TOF measurements. First, a two-way block design, which is based on exploratory experiments, is created to show that transmitter—receiver distance and relative orientation between US transceivers have significant effects on TOF measurement error. Next, an empirical regressive model is constructed on the basis of additional detailed experiments. After performing an extensive experimental validation, the model is automatically implemented by MScMS, with an iterative procedure. The most important benefit of such a model is an important reduction in the dispersion and an improved accuracy associated with TOF measurements.
You Gotta See It to Believe It: Teaching Visual Literacy in the English Classroom
Authors: Seglem Robyn , Witte Shelbie 
Published: October 2009

Expanding the definition of literacy and using visual strategies comprehensively can strongly affect student learning. Educators can contribute to the growth and understanding of the world of nonprint text by helping students learn to read and create visual products critically. When educators bridge popular culture and traditional texts, students become authentically motivated and engaged in their learning. This article highlights vignettes of visual literacy at work through successful classroom practices.من المحتمل أن يؤثر توسيع تعريف معرفة القراءة والكتابة واستخدام استراتيجيات بصرية بطريقة شمولية على تعلم الطالب حق التأثير. ولكن يستطيع المعلمون أن يساهموا في نمو عالم النصوص غير المطبوع وفهمه بواسطة مساعدة الطلاب في تعلم القراءة وخلق منتجات بصرية نقدياً. وحين يربط المعلمون الثقافة العامة والنصوص التقليدية فإن الطلاب يصيرون متحمسين ومنشغلين في تعلمهم. لذلك تسلط هذه المقالة الضوء على مشاهد وجيزة من التعلم البصري في حالة العمل من خلال ممارسات الصف الناجحة.扩大读写文化的定义及全面使用视觉策略能大大地影响学生的学习。教育工作者如能帮助学生批判性地学习和创制视觉作品，他们可以对非印刷文本世界的增长与认识作出贡献。当教育工作者把大众文化与传统文本接连起来时，学生便会有真正的学习动机及真正投入学习。本文使用一些鲜明的成功课堂教学实践片段，以说明视觉读写文化所产生的影响力。Etendre la définition de la littératie et utiliser à fond des stratégies visuelles peut avoir un effet important sur l'apprentissage scolaire. Les enseignants peuvent contribuer au développement et à la compréhension du monde des textes non écrits en aidant les élèves à lire et à créer des produits visuels de façon critique. Quand les enseignants établissent des ponts entre la culture populaire et les textes traditionnels, la motivation et l'investissement des élèves dans l'apprentissage deviennent authentiques. Cet article met en lumière des exemples de littératie visuelle qui marchent dans des pratiques de classes réussies.Расширение понятия грамотности и разностороннее использование визуальных стратегий способно кардинально изменить академическую жизнь школьника. Педагоги могут внести свой вклад в развитие подростков и в их представления о мире невербальных текстов, научив их критически подходить к чтению и созданию визуальных продуктов. Когда учителям удается соединить поп‐культуру и традиционные тексты, учащиеся начинают проявлять настоящий интерес к учебе. В статье приводятся примеры успешного применения навыков визуальной грамотности в рамках школьного урока.Ampliando la definición de alfabetización y usando estrategias visuales integralmente puede tener un efecto muy grande en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los educadores pueden contribuir al crecimiento y al entendimiento del mundo de textos no impresos ayudando a los estudiantes a aprender a leer y crear productos visuales de forma crítica. Cuando los educadores hacen conexiones entre la cultura popular y los textos tradicionales, los estudiantes se interesan y participan auténticamente en el aprendizaje. Este artículo saca a relucir esbozos de competencias visuales en el acto debido a prácticas exitosas en el salón de clase.
Moving Beyond Intermediate English Proficiency
Authors: Jewell Mary 
Published: October 2009

Too many English learners get stuck at intermediate levels of English language proficiency. In this article, teacher Mary Jewell describes how she uses literature and scaffolds to ensure that students develop academic language.يعلِّق عدد أكثر من اللازم من دارسي اللغة الإنكليزية في مستويات متوسطة من كفاءة اللغة الإنكليزية. إذ تصف في هذه المقالة معلمة ماري جويل كيف هي تستخدم الأدب وتنفذ سقالات للتأكد من اكتساب الطلاب اللغة الأكاديمية.太多英语学习者在中级水平英语学习期间被困难卡住了。在本文里，教师 Mary Jewell 描述她如何使用文学及教学支架以确保学生的学术语言得到发展。En anglais, trop de gens ne dépassent pas un niveau moyen de maîtrise de la langue. Dans cet article, une enseignante, Mary Jewell, indique comment elle se sert de la littérature et ce qu'elle met en place afin que les élèves atteignent un niveau de langue académique.Слишком много детей, осваивающих английский как второй язык, так и остаются на относительно невысоком уровне владения языком – он не становится для них родным. Автор этой статьи, школьный учитель, описывает, как использовать литературные произведения и различные методы и приемы, чтобы ученики могли свободно оперировать академической лексикой.Demasiados aprendices de inglés se quedan atascados al nivel intermedio de competencia en inglés. En este artículo, la maestra Mary Jewell describe cómo ella usa la literatura y el trabajo en incrementos para asegurar que los estudiantes desarrollen un lenguaje académico.
Teachers as Literacy Leaders
Authors: Turner Jennifer D. , Applegate Mary DeKonty , Applegate Anthony J. 
Published: October 2009

The authors make the case that literacy leadership is not a quality restricted to specialists with extra certifications. Instead, literacy leadership qualities are within the grasp of every conscientious classroom teacher who is willing to take advantage of opportunities for personal and professional growth.تلخيص البحث:يقدم المؤلفون الحجة بأن قيادة التعلم ليست ميزة تقتصر على المتخصصين الذين معهم مؤهلات إضافية ولكن بدلاً من ذلك، فإن خصائص قيادة التعلم في تناول يد كل معلم صف مستعد ليتنهز فرص النمو الشخصي والحفري.本文作者以充分理由，解释为何读写文化教育的领导不应只局限于具有额外认证的专家。相反的，读写文化教育的领导品质，应是每位认真又愿意善用个人及专业发展机会的课堂教师力所能及。Les auteurs soutiennent l'idée que diriger la littératie ne revient pas exclusivement à des spécialistes disposant de compétences extérieures. En vérité, les qualités nécessaires pour diriger la littératie sont à la portée de n'importe quel enseignant soucieux de tirer parti de cette occasion pour son développement personnel et professionnel.Авторы утверждают: чтобы стать лидером в области грамотности, не обязательно иметь дипломы, свидетельства и сертификаты. Это по силам любому добросовестному учителю, который хочет расти личностно и профессионально.Los autores argumentan que el liderazgo en la alfabetización no es una cualidad de sólo los especialistas con certificados adicionales. En realidad, tal liderazgo está al alcance de todo maestro concienzudo que está dispuesto a tomar ventaja de oportunidades para su crecimiento personal y profesional.
Designing Vocabulary Instruction in Mathematics
Authors: Pierce Margaret E. , Fontaine L. Melena 
Published: October 2009

Language skills are becoming an increasingly important feature of performance in mathematics classrooms. This new focus on language highlights the need to identify math vocabulary words and to apply research‐based principles for vocabulary instruction in mathematics lessons. This article offers one way to analyze state high‐stakes math tests to identify those words that children would benefit most from learning. An example of robust vocabulary instruction is provided.تلخيص البحث: تتزايد المهارات اللغوية أهمية بالنسبة لمعالم الأداء في صفوف الرياضيات. ويسلط هذا التركيز الجديد الضوء على الحاجة إلى تحديد مفردات الرياضيات وإلى تطبيق مبادئ تعليم المفردات المبنية على الأبحاث العلمية في الدروس الرياضية. لذا تقدم هذه المقالة طريقة لتحليل امتحانات في غاية الأهمية على مستوى الولاية لتحديد الكلمات التي سيستفيد الأولاد من تعلمها الأكثر. إذ يتم توفير مثلا لتعليم المفردات في برناج قوي.语文能力在数学教室里变为成绩表现的一种重要特征。这语言新焦点凸显出鉴定数学词汇的需要及把研究性词汇教学原则应用于数学课堂上的需要。本文提供一种分析美国州级高风险数学测验的方法，从而鉴别出对儿童学习有最大裨益的单字。本文最后提供一个健全词汇教学实例。Les compétences langagières sont en train de devenir une caractéristique importante des résultats dans les classes de mathématiques. Cette nouvelle centration sur la langue met en lumière le besoin d'identifier les mots du vocabulaire mathématique et d'appliquer les principes basés sur la recherche à l'enseignement du vocabulaire dans les leçons de mathématiques. Cet article présente une voie pour analyser les tests officiels de mathématiques pour identifier les mots qui pourraient bénéficier le plus de cet apprentissage. On présente un exemple d'un enseignement solide du vocabulaire.Языковые навыки становятся все более важными для успешных занятий математикой. Современный упор на вербальное общение требует идентифицировать математическую лексику и применять на уроках математики научно обоснованные принципы расширения словарного запаса. Для определения терминов, которые необходимо учить с детьми, авторы предлагают анализировать формулировки заданий стандартного тестирования. В статье разбирается пример успешного обучения математической лексике.Destrezas lingüísticas se están convirtiendo en un aspecto cada vez más importante en el salón de clase de matemáticas. Este nuevo enfoque en el lenguaje saca a relucir la necesidad de identificar vocabulario matemático y aplicar principios basados en la investigación para la instrucción de vocabulario en las lecciones de matemáticas. Este artículo ofrece una manera de analizar los exámenes estatales más importantes para identificar las palabras que les sería más provechoso aprender a los niños. Se presenta un ejemplo energético de instrucción de vocabulario.
Waterflooding Viscous Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Beliveau Dennis 
Published: October 2009

Summary
In 2004, the large Mangala, Aishwariya, and Bhagyam oil fields were discovered in the remote Barmer basin of Rajasthan, India. The fields contain light, paraffinic crude oils with wax appearance temperatures only 5°C less than reservoir temperatures and in situ viscosities that range from 8 to 250 cp. As these were the first significant hydrocarbon discoveries in this part of India, there were few analog performance data available. Development plans for the fields are based on hot waterflooding to prevent problems with in situ wax deposition, with production startup in 2009.
This article presents some waterflood results from viscous oil fields around the world, benchmarks the expected performance of the newly discovered Rajasthan fields to this database, and discusses several issues associated with waterflooding viscous oils. Given that the Rajasthan oils have some properties that might be considered "unusual" and potentially troublesome for waterflooding and that there are no long-term production data or a history match of waterflood performance in hand, these benchmarks were considered important reality checks. In fact, fields with similar or much higher viscosities are waterflooded routinely with excellent recoveries in Canada, the USA, and elsewhere.
A Systematic Laboratory Approach to Low-Cost, High-Performance Chemical Flooding
Authors: Flaaten Adam K. , Nguyen Quoc P. , Pope Gary A. , Zhang Jieyuan 
Published: October 2009

Summary
We present a systematic study of laboratory tests of alternative chemical formulations for a chemical flood design and application. Aqueous and microemulsion phase behavior tests have previously been shown to be a rapid, inexpensive, and highly effective means to select the best chemicals and minimize the need for relatively expensive coreflood tests. Microemulsion phase behavior testing was therefore conducted using various combinations of surfactants, cosolvents, and alkalis with a particular crude oil and in reservoir conditions of interest. Branched alcohol propoxy sulfates and internal olefin sulfonates showed high performance in these tests, even when mixed with both conventional and novel alkali agents. Systematic screening methods helped tailor and fine tune chemical mixtures to perform well under the given design constraints. The best chemical formulations were validated in coreflood experiments, and compared in terms of both oil recovery and surfactant retention in cores. Each of the four best formulations tested in corefloods gave nearly 100% oil recovery and very low surfactant adsorption. The two formulations with conventional and novel alkali agents gave almost zero surfactant retention. In standard practice, soft water must be used with alkali, but we show how alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding can be used in this case even with very hard saline brine.
Development of a New Model for Saturation Calculation in Streamline Simulation
Authors: Nourozieh Hossein , Kariznovi Mohammad , Abedi Jalal , Jamialahmadi Mohammad , Shahrabadi Abbas 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Streamline simulation has been developed as an alternative to conventional simulation. This method is based on the decoupling of the pressure equation from the saturation equation and the transformation of the 3D equation to 1D equations; therefore, it introduces an acceleration factor in respect to conventional simulation.
Tracing the streamlines in the reservoir is a main step in streamline simulation. As a streamline is traced, it passes through many gridblocks; and the numerical approach to the 1D saturation equation requires picking up the saturation in each gridblock when a streamline traced. In this way, saturation vs. time-of-flight information is recorded for each streamline traced from injector to producer. This information is defined on an irregular time-of-flight space.
Past efforts to move the saturation forward was based on transforming the irregular time-of-flight space onto a regular space. Transforming onto a regular 1D grid results in the averaging of saturations and represents one source of numerical diffusion in the streamline method.
In this paper, we present a new method to move the saturation forward based on irregular time-of-flight space and compare the results with the common methods. The result of saturation with this method is more accurate, and the averaging of saturations and numerical diffusion are decreased.
Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential
Authors: Moridis George J. , Collett Timothy S. , Boswell Ray , Kurihara Masanori , Reagan Matthew T. , Koh Carolyn , Sloan E. Dendy 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Gas hydrates (GHs) are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this review paper, we discuss the distribution of natural GH accumulations, the status of the primary international research and development (R&D) programs, and the remaining science and technological challenges facing the commercialization of production. After a brief examination of GH accumulations that are well characterized and appear to be models for future development and gas production, we analyze the role of numerical simulation in the assessment of the hydrate-production potential, identify the data needs for reliable predictions, evaluate the status of knowledge with regard to these needs, discuss knowledge gaps and their impact, and reach the conclusion that the numerical-simulation capabilities are quite advanced and that the related gaps either are not significant or are being addressed. We review the current body of literature relevant to potential productivity from different types of GH deposits and determine that there are consistent indications of a large production potential at high rates across long periods from a wide variety of hydrate deposits. Finally, we identify (a) features, conditions, geology and techniques that are desirable in potential production targets; (b) methods to maximize production; and (c) some of the conditions and characteristics that render certain GH deposits undesirable for production.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Axillary Tillers of Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Brazauskas Gintaras , Pašakinskienė Izolda 
Published: October 2009

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Axillary Tillers of Perennial Ryegrass
A PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) technique was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the primary and axillary tillers of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mutant with enhanced axillary tillering. A total of 310 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained representing 249 non-redundant sequences. The average EST sequence length was 249 nt and varied from 30 to 508 nt. Putative function was assigned to 152 ESTs by comparing sequences with publicly available databases of NCBI. The remaining 97 ESTs had no sequence similarity matches to any of the known databases. Several ESTs were selected as potential candidates for the control of axillary tiller formation. RUB1 conjugating enzyme and BIG protein were shown to play role in auxin response regulation, SHOOT1 protein was associated with fasciation mutation in soybean (Glycine max L.), and brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase with brassinosteroid signalling.
Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material
Authors: Liatukas Žilvinas , Ruzgas Vytautas 
Published: October 2009

Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Lithuanian Winter Wheat Breeding Material
At the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, during 2004-2006, resistance to powdery mildew of approximately 1,500 winter wheat lines was assessed in check and competitive trial nurseries. Our experimental evidence showed that there were no genotypes with effective resistance singlegenes among the lines tested. Effective powdery mildew resistance from start to end of vegetation season depended on the quantitative resistance level. The most resistant lines were evaluated with a score of 2 and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranging between 1.0-5.4. The most susceptible genotypes from the collection nurseries had score 8-9 and AUDPC values ranging between 1350-2220. The correlations between maximal disease severity and AUDPC values were strong (r = 0.79-0.92). Genotypes with AUDPC values up to 10 represented 93 lines or 7% in the check trial nursery and 22 lines or 9% in the competitive trial nursery. Lines evaluated with a score 4-5 and AUDPC value 100-300 dominated in 2004. In the next year the dominant genotypes had resistance scores 3-4 and AUDPC value 50-200. The highest powdery mildew resistance (score 2 and AUDPC value 1.0) was identified for the lines Maverich/Victo, Flair/Lut.9392, Strumok/Lut.9321, Zentos/Lut.97-6, Strumok/Lut.9313, Dirigent/Cortez in 2006.
Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania
Authors: Leistrumaitė Algė , Paplauskienė Vanda , Mašauskienė Audronė 
Published: October 2009

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania
During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.