bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of the NobelActive Implant System: A Case Series of 107 Consecutively Placed Implants and a Review of the Implant Features
Authors: Irinakis Tassos , Wiebe Colin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to (1) introduce the features of this new implant, (2) investigate the clinical benefits as advertised by the manufacturer in comparison with traditional root form implants, and (3) provide guidelines for its use. One hundred seven NobelActive implants were placed in 67 consecutive patients with type I–IV bone within 8 months. Cases also include implants placed in sinus grafts, ridges with insufficient thickness and facial bone loss and were placed with delayed and immediate loading. Parameters were assessed to determine whether we could confirm the manufacturer's statements on this implant system. Results obtained with 107 implants of 3.5, 4.3, and 5 mm diameters with 10- to 15-mm lengths placed in different types of bone with delayed and immediate loading demonstrated a final insertion torque from 15 to 70 Ncm. All types of bone allowed “redirection” of the implant but were limited in the bone with higher density. According to the manufacturer, this new design of the NobelActive implant has high initial stability, bone condensing properties, redirecting capability, built-in platform shifting, and dual-function prosthetic connections. After investigating these 5 statements within the limits of our study, we were able to confirm these claims, but with some recommendations for the clinical use and placement of these implants.
Bone Spreader Technique: A Preliminary 3-Year Study
Authors: Nishioka Renato Sussumu , Souza Francisley Avila 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to observe the clinical outcome of bone spreading and standardized dilation of horizontally resorbed bone during immediate implant placement using a “screw-type” configuration of expansion and threadformers. Fifty-three patients were included in this study, and 41 edentulous areas in anterior and posterior maxillas were treated. Sixty-eight implants were placed using an insertion torque of at least 40 Ncm. Abutments were delivered 4 to 6 months after implant placement. The overall failure percentage was 4.41% (3 failures). A retrieved analysis of 1 implant removed at 3 years after placement demonstrated bone resorption down to the level of the third thread. The bone spreader technique is different from Summers' osteotome, both in clinical use and in armamentarium. The main advantage of the crest-expanding technique is that it is a less invasive procedure; the facial wall expands after the medullary bone is compressed against the cortical wall. Within the limits of this preliminary study, the cumulative survival rate for this method of implant placement is 95.58% at 3 years. This study confirms that a bone spreader used in the maxilla shows an unusually low failure rate after 3 years.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Online Interventions to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Alexander Gwen L. , McClure Jennifer B. , Calvi Josephine H. , Divine George W. , Stopponi Melanie A. , Rolnick Sharon J. , Heimendinger Jerianne , Tolsma Dennis D. , Resnicow Kenneth , Campbell Marci K. , Strecher Victor J. , Johnson Christine Cole ,   for the MENU Choices Team
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We assessed change in fruit and vegetable intake in a population-based sample, comparing an online untailored program (arm 1) with a tailored behavioral intervention (arm 2) and with a tailored behavioral intervention plus motivational interviewing–based counseling via e-mail (arm 3). Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled intervention trial, enrolling members aged 21 to 65 years from 5 health plans in Seattle, Washington; Denver, Colorado; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Detroit, Michigan; and Atlanta, Georgia. Participants reported fruit and vegetable intake at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. We assessed mean change in fruit and vegetable servings per day at 12 months after baseline, using a validated self-report fruit and vegetable food frequency questionnaire. Results. Of 2540 trial participants, 80% were followed up at 12 months. Overall baseline mean fruit and vegetable intake was 4.4 servings per day. Average servings increased by more than 2 servings across all study arms (P < .001), with the greatest increase (+2.8 servings) among participants of arm 3 (P = .05, compared with control). Overall program satisfaction was high. Conclusions. This online nutritional intervention was well received, convenient, easy to disseminate, and associated with sustained dietary change. Such programs have promise as population-based dietary interventions.
The Longevity Gap Between Black and White Men in the United States at the Beginning and End of the 20th Century
Authors: Sloan Frank A. , Ayyagari Padmaja , Salm Martin , Grossman Daniel 
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We sought to assess whether the disparity in mortality rates between Black and White men decreased from the beginning to the end of the 20th century. Methods. We used Cox proportional hazard models for mortality to estimate differences in longevity between Black and White Civil War veterans from 1900 to 1914 (using data from a pension program) and a later cohort of male participants (using data from the 1992 to 2006 Health and Retirement Study). In sensitivity analysis, we compared relative survival of veterans for alternative baseline years through 1914. Results. In our survival analysis, the Black–White male difference in mortality, both unadjusted and adjusted for other influences, did not decrease from the beginning to the end of the 20th century. A 17% difference in Black–White mortality remained for the later cohort even after we controlled for other influences. Although we could control for fewer other influences on longevity, the Black–White differences in mortality for the earlier cohort was 18%. Conclusions. In spite of overall improvements in longevity, a major difference in Black–White male mortality persists.
Evaluating the Impact of Menu Labeling on Food Choices and Intake
Authors: Roberto Christina A. , Larsen Peter D. , Agnew Henry , Baik Jenny , Brownell Kelly D. 
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We assessed the impact of restaurant menu calorie labels on food choices and intake. Methods. Participants in a study dinner (n = 303) were randomly assigned to either (1) a menu without calorie labels (no calorie labels), (2) a menu with calorie labels (calorie labels), or (3) a menu with calorie labels and a label stating the recommended daily caloric intake for an average adult (calorie labels plus information). Food choices and intake during and after the study dinner were measured. Results. Participants in both calorie label conditions ordered fewer calories than those in the no calorie labels condition. When calorie label conditions were combined, that group consumed 14% fewer calories than the no calorie labels group. Individuals in the calorie labels condition consumed more calories after the study dinner than those in both other conditions. When calories consumed during and after the study dinner were combined, participants in the calorie labels plus information group consumed an average of 250 fewer calories than those in the other groups. Conclusions. Calorie labels on restaurant menus impacted food choices and intake; adding a recommended daily caloric requirement label increased this effect, suggesting menu label legislation should require such a label. Future research should evaluate menu labeling's impact on children's food choices and consumption.
The Relative Health Burden of Selected Social and Behavioral Risk Factors in the United States: Implications for Policy
Authors: Muennig Peter , Fiscella Kevin , Tancredi Daniel , Franks Peter 
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We sought to quantify the potential health impact of selected medical and nonmedical policy changes within the United States. Methods. Using data from the 1997–2000 National Health Interview Surveys (linked to mortality data through 2002) and the 1996–2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, we calculated age-specific health-related quality-of-life scores and mortality probabilities for 8 social and behavioral risk factors. We then used Markov models to estimate the quality-adjusted life years lost. Results. Ranked quality-adjusted life years lost were income less than 200% of the poverty line versus 200% or greater (464 million; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 368, 564); current-smoker versus never-smoker (329 million; 95% CI = 226, 382); body mass index 30 or higher versus 20 to less than 25 (205 million; 95% CI = 159, 269); non-Hispanic Black versus non-Hispanic White (120 million; 95% CI = 83, 163); and less than 12 years of school relative to 12 or more (74 million; 95% CI = 52, 101). Binge drinking, overweight, and health insurance have relatively less influence on population health. Conclusions. Poverty, smoking, and high-school dropouts impose the greatest burden of disease in the United States.
Ancillary Care in Community-Based Public Health Intervention Research
Authors: Merritt Maria W. , Taylor Holly A. , Mullany Luke C. 
Published: December 2009

Community-based public health intervention research in developing countries typically takes place not in clinics but in people's homes and other living spaces. Research subjects and their communities may lack adequate nutrition, clean water, sanitation, and basic preventive and therapeutic services. Researchers often encounter unmet health needs in their interactions with individual subjects and need ethical guidelines to help them decide how to respond. To what extent do researchers have an ethical obligation to provide ancillary care—health care beyond what is necessary to ensure scientific validity and subjects' safety? We discuss a case example from Nepal and propose a simple 2-step sequence of questions to aid decision making.
The Ubiquity of Energy-Dense Snack Foods: A National Multicity Study
Authors: Farley Thomas A. , Baker Erin T. , Futrell Lauren , Rice Janet C. 
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We assessed the availability and accessibility of energy-dense snacks in retail stores whose primary merchandise was not food and whether these varied by store type, region, or socioeconomic factors. Methods. We conducted systematic observations of 1082 retail stores in 19 US cities and determined the availability and accessibility of 6 categories of energy-dense snack foods. Results. Snack food was available in 41% of the stores; the most common forms were candy (33%), sweetened beverages (20%), and salty snacks (17%). These foods were often within arm's reach of the cash register queue. We observed snack foods in 96% of pharmacies, 94% of gasoline stations, 22% of furniture stores, 16% of apparel stores, and 29% to 65% of other types of stores. Availability varied somewhat by region but not by the racial or socioeconomic characteristics of nearby census tracts. Conclusions. Energy-dense snack foods and beverages, implicated as contributors to the obesity epidemic, are widely available in retail stores whose primary business is not food. The ubiquity of these products may contribute to excess energy consumption in the United States.
Empirical Cost Models for TLPs and Spars
Authors: Jablonowski C. J. , Strachan A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Cost models for deepwater oil and gas facilities can be valuable tools for concept comparison and selection, field development planning and optimization, and in benchmarking performance. This paper estimates cost models for spar and tension leg platform projects using public and private data on 24 major projects. In addition to providing an analysis of the variables that affect cost, the paper investigates the complexity of regression model specification in a decision-making setting. We evaluate sensitivity to modeling assumptions, sample selection bias, and other model specification issues. The evidence suggests that sample selection bias is not a significant problem in cost models for spars, but that it is potentially significant in total cost models for TLPs.
Mud Gas Isotope Logging using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nair Amith , Kurawle Irfan , Kaul Mohit , Mahalle Nakul , Thomas Timmy , Shivanikar Anand 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Mud Gas Isotope Logging (MGIL) is a gas fingerprinting technique that uses isotopic analyses of mud stream. The primary purpose of MGIL is to assess the extent of a reservoir and identify communication with any other formations. A Gas chromatograph is the main component used in MGIL. Although analysis using a GC will give amounts of methane, ethane, propane (paraffins); napthenes and aromatics are not explicitly analyzed. Also it is very difficult to distinguish between wet gas, condensate and oil using present day GC instrumentation. Another critical element is the speed at which readings can be taken with typical GC cycles of 3–6 minutes which may lead to thin zones not being traced at high ROP. It is not possible with GC based methods to distinguish compounds that exist as a free phase in the pore system from those that may be dissolved in an aqueous pore fluid since GC does not measure a wide range of Carbon species.
This paper proposes the use of Mass Spectrometry to analyze mud samples at wellsite. Samples can be analyzed to produce mass spectra of mass to charge ratio {MCR} across a range encompassing both abundant and trace inorganic and organic elements. MS holds a upper hand on GC because the latter does not provide chemical information, is comparatively slower compared to MS which gives real time results; and does not have baseline sensitivity to analyze fluid inclusions. MS also allows tracing of minute fractions of elements since MCR is unique for every element and compound. A further aspect of the paper is to create a chemical log which is a combination of species detected in the gas sample and species extracted from the mud system. Accordingly the chemical log can be used to influence drilling testing and well completion decisions. Some other applications of MGIL-MS include distinguishing between thermogenic & biogenic gas, monitoring H2S concentrations, identifying original fluid contact and CO2 flood breakthrough detection.
Taming the Grebe Sand – Tophole Drilling Success in the Ichthys Field
Authors: Hinton Andy , Eikemo Bernt , Tilley Vince , Nolan Tom 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Drilling surface hole in Australia's Browse basin can be very difficult. The main problem is the massive, unconsolidated Grebe Sand which tends to collapse or slump into the hole. This often causes stuck drill pipe or casing. To achieve the well objectives on their recently completed Ichthys drilling campaign, INPEX implemented an aggressive well design with the 133/8" (340mm) surface casing set at 2500m (8200ft). There is no 20" (508mm) casing. The long, 2160m (7090ft), section 17–1/2" (444mm) and 16" (406mm) hole is drilled with mud and the Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) system. This allows the mud to be circulated back to the rig and reduces the risks of hole problems. After some ROV problems, the RMR system was installed and the Grebe Sand was drilled without any hole problems. Below the Grebe formation, lost circulation problems were overcome. The open hole remained stable over four days of downtime (due to rig mechanical issues) before the 13–3/8" casing was run to the planned depth and cemented successfully.
The subsea pump ran without problems over 6 days at flow rates of up to 3800lpm (1000gpm). An estimated 5600mt or more of cuttings were pumped back to the rig with the mud. The primary well objective of setting the 13–3/8" surface casing at 2500m was achieved. The mud and RMR system also helped in curing other problems such as lost circulation. The system reduced risks of hole problems, such as hole collapse or stuck pipe. This resulted in a safer operation for the rig crew as well as a more economical well for the operator. An added benefit was the provision of cuttings samples over this interval for the geosciences department.
ZipLog—The Third Method for Well Intervention: Practical Field Experience and Unique Opportunities for the Future
Authors: Hansen Henning , Bakkevig Martha Kold , Kluth Richard 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The E&P industry has up till today had two lightweight intervention methodologies for live production- and injection wells, being wireline or coiled tubing.
A third methodology, being the Ziebel ZipLog™ solution which is based on pushing a spoolable specially constructed carbon "rod" into live and pressurized wells, has been successfully developed and deployed into horizontal wellbores in the Middle East as well as North America.
This paper describes the background for the solution, the development and qualification program, the wellbore interventions performed and what the authors think the system can be further developed into.
Consecutive Dual Fracture Placement From One Location: Providing the Pinnacle Productivity From a Fracture Stimulated Wellbore
Authors: Surjaatmadja Jim B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt is known that a fracture that is placed later in the life of a well will extend in a slightly different direction, mostly caused by the drainage of the fluid near the fracture face. In this situation, fracture redirection is most probably caused by the rapid pressure decline near the still-producing residual fracture face. Formation sharing between both fractures will not offer significant production increase.This paper, instead, discusses fracture redirection created by another fracture created in a near similar time domain. It is believed that the first fracture will cause a substantial short term effect on the stress field, and in fact, redirect to a near-perpendicular direction. Combined with the hard-to-accept concept that fractures generally shy away from highly productive areas, this approach will cause the second fracture to extend directly into a direction that makes intersection with such high productive areas to be commonplace; thus providing substantial production boost.In reality, the placement of a second fracture in the same wellbore in a similar locality and time span is quite difficult. The mouth of the fracture is generally unsupported, and therefore, the stress pattern at the wellbore face is generally returned to the pre-stimulation condition in a short time. Repressurization of the wellbore would then tend to reopen the first fracture. The hydrajet fracturing method is therefore proposed for placing the second fracture after a carefully precalculated (short) time delay, maximizing the temporary stress modification effect caused by the opening of the first fracture. The hydrajet technique will be used to exert the highest pressure at a location away from the wellbore and at an angular displacement of approximately 90 degrees from the first fracture, so that a new fracture can be initiated into a totally new direction. This can lead to a significant increase of revenue—cost ratio. In other words, a significant revenue increase can be obtained with just an incremental cost increase. Supporting simulation data are presented here.
Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Investigation for Successful Optimization of Fracture Modeling and Overall Development of Jurassic Formation in Western Siberia
Authors: Nikitin Alexey , Yudin Alexey , Latypov Ilyas , Haidar Azat , Borisov Gleb 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The focus of our research is on a remote oilfield in western Siberia, currently in the initial stages of development. There are two producing horizons of Jurassic age with a shale barrier in between them and variable oil/water contact (OWC). Each new well of the field is a candidate for a hydraulic fracturing treatment. Depending on well location, there is an option to perform the fracturing treatment on the lower formation only, the upper formation only, or to conduct two separate fracturing operations. Fracture breakthrough on any of the jobs can lead to significant production underperformance.
With a goal to calibrate fracture modeling and identify the most critical parameters for fracture treatments, the decision was made to implement an independent measurement of frac geometry for an ongoing fracturing campaign. A total of 11 fracturing treatments are described in detail where differential cased-hole sonic anisotropy (DCHSA) measurements as well as bottomhole pressure gauges (BHPG) were implemented to enable precise modeling and to determine reliable fracture geometry. DCHSA, using a dipole shear sonic imager tools, allows for direct measurement of propped fracture height and fracture orientation azimuth. Provided with fracture height and using bottomhole pressure data, it was possible to accurately model resulting fracture half-length and propped width.
In addition to DCHSA measurements, a study to describe the geomechanical properties of the formations was also undertaken to further enhance the understanding of fracture height growth in the reservoirs. Advanced open-hole logging was performed on four wells, which served as the basis for creating a geomechanical model for other wells in the field. The methodology used to model stress distribution from acoustic logging was developed using a correlation created from density logs run on offset wells. This tool allowed for reliable fracture modeling at the design stage, and enabled optimization of fracture treatments.
By coupling the enhanced geological understanding obtained from the fracturing campaign with advanced geometry measurement technology, an effective geomechanical modeling method was successfully applied for future field development and production optimization. This research's technical workflow can be used as a comprehensive guideline in any field where precise placement of hydraulic fracture makes a significant difference in the overall development of a field.
Gravel Packing Long Openhole Intervals with Viscous Fluids Utilizing High Gravel Concentrations: Toe-to-Heel Packing without the Need for Alternate Flow Paths
Authors: Tolan M. , Tibbies R. J. , Alexander J. , Wassouf P. , Schafer L. , Parlar M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Openhole gravel packing is one of the most popular completion techniques, due to its high reliability along with the ability to deliver high-productivity wells. Currently, there are two techniques used for gravel placement, one utilizing low-viscosity carrier fluids and low gravel concentration. In this technique the gravel is placed in two waves commonly called Alpha/Beta packing. The second method utilizes a viscous carrier fluid and high concentrations of gravel in conjunction with alternative path screens which mitigate problems caused by unpredicted downhole events.
In this paper we present a new approach for gravel packing long high angle openhole intervals without the need for alternative flow path screens but retaining the advantages of high gravel concentration slurries. This is supported by 2 field case histories from a field in India, where two gas wells were drilled with an oil-based drill-in fluid and gravel packed with a viscous water-based fluid. The packing mechanisms and efficiencies in these applications have been verified with downhole gauge analysis as well as mass balance calculations. Both wells are producing sand free with hydrocarbon production that met or exceeded operator expectations, with zero mechanical and extremely low rate dependent skins.