bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Aryliodine(III) Diacetates as Substrates for Pd—Ag Catalyzed Arylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Evdokimov Nikolai M. , Kornienko Alexander , Magedov Igor V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSubstrates (I) undergo metal‐catalyzed decomposition to yield aryl iodides which react with alkenes to give the corresponding arylated alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Dipyridylphosphine‐Polymethylhydrosiloxane: A Practical and Effective System for the Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Chang , Wu Fei‐Fei , Li Shijun , Zhou Ji‐Ning , Wu Jing , Li Ning , Fang Wenjun , Lam Kim Hung , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe catalyst system displays high efficiency in the stereoselective hydrosilylation of a wide scope of aryl alkyl and heteroaromatic ketones under an air atmosphere and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicomolybdic Acid Supported on Silica Gel: An Efficient Catalyst for Hosomi—Sakurai Reactions.
Authors: Murugan Kaliyappan , Srimurugan Sankareswaran , Chen Chinpiao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe heteropolyacid efficiently catalyzes reactions of carbonyl compounds with allyltrimethylsilane (II) in the presence of benzyl alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasting Reactivity of 2‐Mesityl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (Mes‐NP) with Singly‐Bonded [RhII—RhII] and [RuI—RuI] Compounds.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Sinha Arup , Bera Jitendra K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title catalyst (I) is prepared and tested in oxidation and olefination.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Practical and Reliable Nickel Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Li You , Li Shui‐Ming , Zhou Yi‐Guo , Sun Feng‐Yi , Gao Lian‐Xun , Han Fu‐She 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA highly active, universally applicable, cheap, and stable catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazone‐Promoted Sonogashira Coupling Reaction with Aryl Bromides at Low Palladium Loadings.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Suzuki Saori , Hirai Kiminori , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCuI as co‐catalyst and hydrazone BIH as the ligand render possible the preparation of various diarylalkynes in the presence of low amounts of Pd catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocenyl Iminophosphine Ligands in Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki Couplings.
Authors: Teo Shihui , Wang Zhiqiang , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA Pd(0)—phosphinylferrocenylimine complex efficiently catalyzes the Suzuki cross coupling of bulky aryl halides with aryl‐ and alkylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of anti/syn‐Regioisomeric Mixtures of Alkyl‐Substituted Tetracenes.
Authors: Kitamura Chitoshi , Kano Hiroyuki , Tsukuda Hideki , Kawase Takeshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe regioisomeric mixtures (III)/(IV) are synthesized via Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Convertible Fluorous Linker Assisted Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans.
Authors: Kadam Asha , Buckley Stephanie B. , Dinh Trinh , Fitzgerald Ryan , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe approach to furans (III) is achieved through Michael‐type [3 + 2] cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated ketone (I) with β‐keto compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Phenol‐Directed C—H Activation/C—O Cyclization.
Authors: Xiao Bin , Gong Tian‐Jun , Liu Zhao‐Jing , Liu Jing‐Hui , Luo Dong‐Fen , Xu Jun , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA practical synthesis of dibenzofurans (II) involves a C—O cyclization using air as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Assembly of Substituted Pyrroles by Acid‐Catalyzed Sequential Three‐Component Reaction of Amines, Alkynoates, and 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio , Moscatelli Giada , Santeusanio Stefania 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA metal‐free protocol is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrroles from Enaminoesters and Nitroolefins.
Authors: Guan Zheng‐Hui , Li Liang , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Li Jianli , Zhao Mi‐Na 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction is carried out under metal‐free and non‐halogenation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol‐Like Carbon—Carbon Condensation for Pyridyl Substituted Chlorins.
Authors: Li Jia‐Zhu , Cui Bing‐Cun , Wang Jin‐Jun , Shim Young Key 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe first report about the synthesis of C—C bond linked pyridyl chlorins (III) (3 examples) via a stereoselective aldol‐like condensation reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Yttrium(III)‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of β‐Trichloro(trifluoro)methyl Aryl Enones with Indoles.
Authors: Wang Wentao , Lian Xiangjin , Chen Donghui , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient, scalable and mild method for the title synthesis is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined NHC—Pd Complex‐Mediated Intermolecular Direct Annulations for Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles (NHC = N‐Heterocyclic Carbene).
Authors: Jin Zhong , Guo Su‐Xian , Qiu Ling‐Ling , Wu Gui‐Ping , Fang Jian‐Xin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of functionalized indoles is synthesized from o‐haloanilines and ketones catalyzed by a N‐heterocyclic carbene—Pd complex such as PIPR.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversification of Carbazoles by LiCl‐Mediated Catalytic CuI Reaction.
Authors: Cho Joong Hyun , Ryu Young‐Sil , Oh Se Hwan , Kwon Jae Kwan , Yum Eul Kgun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSimple and efficient N‐arylation of carbazoles is achieved in LiCl‐mediated, CuI‐catalyzed reactions with aryl iodides or bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Phenyl‐3,5‐difunctionalized Pyrazoles.
Authors: Zohreh Nasrin , Alizadeh Abdolali 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via a (Z)‐phenylhydrazonosuccinate intermediate which undergoes a ring closure with benzoyl or fumaryl chlorides to provide the title pyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazoles from Phenylhydrazones and Dialkyl Ethylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of Bases.
Authors: Ma Chaowei , Li Yanmei , Wen Ping , Yan Rulong , Ren Zhiyong , Huang Guosheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of persubstituted pyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Synthetic Entry to Fused Benzimidazoles via Iodocyclization.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Yu , Wang Hengshuai , Guo Diliang , Ye Deju , Xu Yungen , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFused benzimidazoles are synthesized via iodine‐induced cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Dihydropyrans via Organocatalytic Cascade Michael—Hemiketalization Reaction.
Authors: Wang Jin‐jia , Hu Zhi‐peng , Lou Chun‐liang , Liu Jun‐liang , Li Xue‐ming , Yan Ming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA quinine‐derived thiourea is the best catalyst for the conjugate addition of trifluoromethyl substituted nucleophiles to β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: The Heck Reaction of Protected Hydroxychromones: En Route to Natural Products.
Authors: Vasas Attila , Patonay Tamas , Konya Krisztina , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Heck reaction is applied under phosphine‐free conditions to the alkenylation of chromones such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Discovery of Novel Hexacyclic Cage Compounds as Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase.
Authors: Kumar Raju Suresh , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Osman Hasnah , Ismail Rusli , Choon Tan Soo , Yoon Yeong Keng , Wei Ang Chee , Pandian Suresh , Manogaran Elumalai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe three‐component [3 + 2] cycloaddition affords stereoselectively only one diastereoisomer (IV) of novel hexacyclic cage compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes by a Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridine: A Facile and Efficient Approach to Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Xing Rui‐Guang , Li Ya‐Nan , Liu Qiang , Han Yi‐Feng , Wei Xia , Li Jing , Zhou Bo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHEH in the presence of Pd‐C allows the selective reduction of the nitro group.
ChemInform Abstract: Thienopyrimidines as Novel Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Synthesis and in vitro Studies.
Authors: Rashmi P. , Nargund Laxmi Venkatesh Gurachar , Hazra Kuntal , Chandra J. N. Narendra Sharath 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe compounds (X) are tested for growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Catalyzed by NH4OBr.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Khosravi Kaveh , Soleimani Khadijeh , Najminejad Zohreh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAmmonium hypobromite serves as a non‐toxic and inexpensive catalyst for the microwave‐assisted Biginelli‐type synthesis of dihydropyrimidones (IV) (28 examples) under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole‐Assisted and Easy Oxidation of Cyclic α‐Amino Acid‐Derived Diketopiperazines under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Tian Hua , Ermolenko Ludmila , Gabant Marion , Vergne Carine , Moriou Celine , Retailleau Pascal , Al‐Mourabit Ali 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn aerobic oxidation of pyrrole‐amino acid derivatives without any metal or light catalysis is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazin‐4(5H)‐one Derivatives and Their Inhibition Against Growth of A549 and H322 Lung Cancer Cells.
Authors: Zheng Liang‐Wen , Shao Jin‐Hui , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Miao Jun‐Ying 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTitle compounds (III) are obtained by a microwave‐assisted one‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient Procedure for Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives in Solution and under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Zare Karim , Jafari Hadi , Adibi Hadi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBorax‐supported POCl3 efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepine derivatives (9 examples) via condensation of o‐phenylenediamines with ketones both in solvent‐free and solution conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzosilolo[2,3‐c]indoles via Cleavage of a C(sp3)—Si Bond and Consequent Intramolecular C(sp2)—Si Coupling.
Authors: Liang Yun , Zhang Shaoguang , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the heterocyclic scaffold is carried.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Route to β‐Silyl‐δ‐keto Esters by Organocatalyzed Regioselective Michael Addition of Methyl Ketones to a (Silylmethylene)malonate and Their Use in Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Chowdhury Raghunath , Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe addition proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Cai Zhi‐Hua , Du Guang‐Fen , He Lin , Gu Cheng‐Zhi , Dai Bin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple procedure is developed for the Pudovik‐type reaction of phosphite (I) with aldehydes to afford α‐hydroxyphosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Sannastatin, a Novel Toxic Macrolactam Polyketide Glycoside Produced by Actinomycete Streptomyces sannanensis.
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Xiang , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhang An‐Ling , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new rare 20‐membered macrocyclic lactam sannastatin (I) incorporating a diene conjugated olefin is isolated along with the known structurally related vicenistatin from the culture broth of Streptomyces sannanensis, a bacteria found in giant panda feces.
ChemInform Abstract: New Class of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from the Stem Bark of Knema laurina and Their Structural Insights.
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Lam Kok Wai , Abas Faridah , Maulidiani Maulidiani , Ahmad Syahida , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Lajis Nordin Hj 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBioassay‐guided extraction leads to the isolation of five new alkenyl phenol and salicylic acid derivatives (I) and (II), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Doped Lanthanum Silicates with the Apatite Structure as Oxide‐Ion Conducting Electrolytes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Design of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Sadykov V. , Kharlamova T. , Pavlova S. , Muzykantov V. , Ishchenko A. , Krieger T. , Lapina O. , Uvarov N. , Chaikina M. , Pavlyukhin Yu. , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical Constituents, Traditional Uses, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Plumeria
Authors: Sharma Garima , Chahar Maheep K. , Dobhal Sonal , Sharma Neelu , Sharma Tek Chand , Sharma Mahesh C. , Joshi Yogesh C. , Dobhal Mahabeer P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent and Historic Drivers of Landscape Change in the Everglades Ridge, Slough, and Tree Island Mosaic
Authors: Larsen Laurel , Aumen Nicholas , Bernhardt Christopher , Engel Vic , Givnish Thomas , Hagerthey Scot , Harvey Judson , Leonard Lynn , McCormick Paul , McVoy Christopher , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 153 refs.
(R,S)‐2‐chlorophenoxyl pyrazolides as novel substrates for improving lipase‐catalyzed hydrolytic resolution
Authors: Kao Min‐fang , Lu Pei‐yu , Kao Jou‐yan , Wang Pei‐yun , Wu An‐chi , Tsai Shau‐Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe best reaction condition of Candida antartica lipase B as biocatalyst, 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole as leaving azole, and water‐saturated methyl t‐butyl ether as reaction medium at 45°C were first selected for performing the hydrolytic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenoxyl) azolides (1, 2, 3, 4). In comparison with the kinetic resolution of (R,S)‐2‐phenylpropionyl 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolide or (R,S)‐α‐methoxyphenylacetyl 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolide at the same reaction condition, excellent enantioselectivity with more than two order‐of‐magnitudes higher activity for each enantiomer was obtained. The resolution was then extended to other (R,S)‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolides (5, 6, 7) containing 2‐chloro, 3‐chloro, or 2,4‐dichloro substituent, giving good (E > 48) to excellent (E > 100) enantioselectivity. The thermodynamic analysis for 1, 2, and 4, 5, 6, 7 demonstrates profound effects of the acyl or leaving moiety on varying enthalpic and entropic contributions to the difference of Gibbs free energies. A thorough kinetic analysis further indicates that on the basis of 6, the excellent enantiomeric ratio for 4 and 7 is due to the higher reactivity of (S)‐4 and lower reactivity of (R)‐7, respectively. Chirality 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of inorganic‐organic ZnS(aminopropane)n composite materials
Authors: Luberda‐Durnaś K. , Gaweł B. , Łoś M. , Łasocha W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe main goal of our work was the synthesis and characterization of ZnS(aminopropane)n hybrid inorganic‐organic layered materials. The basic material of our investigation was ZnS(1,3‐dap)1/2, (where dap denotes diaminopropane). Its crystal structure has been solved by X‐ray powder diffraction methods. This layered compound was prepared using 1,3‐diaminepropane, zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and tioacetamide (CH3CSNH2). We have also tried to obtain and characterize other materials: ZnS(1‐ap) and ZnS(1,2‐dap), where ap denotes aminopropane. But in these last two cases diffraction patterns were of much poorer quality, which prevented a full structural survey; thus we cannot directly prove that hybrid lamellar materials were obtained. All compounds were studied using X‐ray diffraction, chemical analysis, UV‐vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, using X‐ray diffraction as a function of temperature, we obtained information about structural changes of obtained composite materials under temperature treatment. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A low‐complexity single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access transmitter
Authors: Nam Haewoon , Kim Youngok 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA framework for a computationally efficient single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) transmitter is proposed in this paper. Compared with a wide system bandwidth, the uplink allocation for each user is supposed to be relatively small because of multiple user access, which makes each user's signal vector to be sparse. When the localized subcarrier allocation is used for SC‐FDMA, the inverse fast fourier transform can take advantage of the sparse user input vector to reduce its complexity. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed framework can provide a significant complexity reduction compared with the conventional SC‐FDMA transmitter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological release in White Sands lizards
Authors: Des Roches S. , Robertson J. M. , Harmon L. J. , Rosenblum E. B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEcological opportunityis any change that allows populations to escape selection from competition and predation. After encountering ecological opportunity, populations may experienceecological release: enlarged population size, broadened resource use, and/or increased morphological variation. We identified ecological opportunity and tested for ecological release in three lizard colonists of White Sands, New Mexico (Sceloporus undulatus,Holbrookia maculata, andAspidoscelis inornata). First, we provide evidence for ecological opportunity by demonstrating reduced species richness and abundance of potential competitors and predators at White Sands relative to nearby dark soils habitats. Second, we characterize ecological release at White Sands by demonstrating density compensation in the three White Sands lizard species and expanded resource use in White SandsS. undulatus. Contrary to predictions from ecological release models, we observed directional trait change but not increased trait variation inS. undulatus. Our results suggest that ecological opportunity and ecological release can be identified in natural populations, especially those that have recently colonized isolated ecosystems.
A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment in arid grasslands
Authors: D'Odorico Paolo , Okin Gregory S. , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMany arid grasslands around the world are affected by woody plant encroachment and by the replacement of a relatively continuous grass cover with shrub patches bordered by bare soil. This shift in plant community composition is often abrupt in space and time, suggesting that it is likely sustained by positive feedbacks between vegetation and environmental conditions (e.g. resource availability) or disturbance regime (e.g. fire or freeze). These feedbacks amplify the effects of drivers of shrub encroachment, i.e. of conditions favouring a shift from grass to shrub dominance (e.g. overgrazing, climate change). Here, we review some major drivers and feedbacks and identify the basic stages in the transition from grassland to shrubland. We discuss some possible scenarios of interactions between drivers and feedbacks that could explain the transition from a stage to the next and the potential irreversibility of the shift from grass to shrub dominance. We introduce a simplistic modelling framework that can integrate the various drivers to explain the emergence of bistability for shrub‐encroached grassland systems. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthetic Tripodal Squaramido‐Based Receptors for the Complexation of Antineoplastic Folates in Water (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 31/2011)
Authors: Quiñonero David , López Kenia A. , Deyà Pere M. , Piña M. Nieves , Morey Jeroni 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows a series of cuvettes, under UV light, after the addition of antineoplastic folates, such as folate, methotrexate, and raltitrexed, to the fluorimetric ensemble of a new tripodal squaramido‐ammonium receptor with 5‐carboxyfluorescein. The structures of the receptor and 5‐carboxyfluorescein are also shown. This is a new fluorescence ensemble developed at the University of the Balearic Islands, located in Majorca, which allows the fluorimetric quantitative determination of folate and methotrexate in commercial preparation samples. The binding constants and thermodynamic experimental results obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry show the capacity of this tripodal receptor to recognize antineoplastic folates in water. Complementary theoretical calculations and 1H NMR experiments show how the complexation takes place. Details are discussed in the article by J. Morey et al. on p. 6187 ff.
Sample transport and electrokinetic injection in a microchip device for chemical cytometry
Authors: Kovarik Michelle L. , Lai Hsuan‐Hong , Xiong Jessie C. , Allbritton Nancy L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSample transport and electrokinetic injection bias are well characterized in capillary electrophoresis and simple microchips, but a thorough understanding of sample transport on devices combining electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and pressure‐driven flow is lacking. In this work, we evaluate the effects of electric fields from 0 to 300 V/cm, electrophoretic mobilities from 10−4 to 10−6 cm2/Vs, and pressure‐driven fluid velocities from 50 to 250 μm/s on sample injection in a microfluidic chemical cytometry device. By studying a continuous sample stream, we find that increasing electric field strength and electrophoretic mobility result in improved injection and that COMSOL simulations accurately predict sample transport. The effects of pressure‐driven fluid velocity on injection are complex, and relative concentration values lie on a surface defined by pressure‐driven flow rates. For high‐mobility analytes, this surface is flat, and sample injection is robust despite fluctuations in flow rate. For lower mobility analytes, the surface becomes steeper, and injection depends strongly on pressure‐driven flow. These results indicate generally that device design must account for analyte characteristics and specifically that this device is suited to high‐mobility analytes. We demonstrate that for a suitable pair of peptides fluctuations in injection volume are correlated; electrokinetic injection bias is minimized; and electrophoretic separation is achieved.
Synthesis of agar microparticles using temperature‐controlled microfluidic devices for Cordyceps militaris cultivation
Authors: Lin Yung‐Sheng , Yang Chih‐Hui , Lu Kang , Huang Keng‐Shiang , Zheng Ying‐Zhen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA temperature‐controlled microfluidic approach was developed for fabricating monodispersed agar beads with the potential to be a brand‐new strategy for cultivating Cordyceps militaris. The proposed microfluidic system features a circulating water bath with precise temperature control (temperature deviation ▵T<0.1°C). This device holds the promise of allowing us to develop a temperature‐controlled system, characterized as simple, low cost, and easy to set up and use. The size‐controllable agar beads were achieved by utilizing microfluidic emulsification in the cross‐junction channel under temperature‐controlled conditions. The flow conditions of the dispersed/continuous phases were adjusted to generate various sizes of agar beads. Our results show that the microparticles produced are as small as 176 μm with a 95% particle size distribution within 5 μm. The prepared agar microparticles performed well as a substrate for the cultivation of C. militaris. The proposed method could also be applied for encapsulating biomaterials, enzymes, drugs, catalysts, and nanoparticles into agar beads for biomedical applications.