bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo mapping of tumor oxygen consumption using 19F MRI relaxometry
Authors: Diepart Caroline , Magat Julie , Jordan Bénédicte F. , Gallez Bernard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently, we have developed a new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) protocol in order to estimate tissue oxygen consumption in vivo. Because it is crucial to probe the heterogeneity of response in tumors, the aim of this study was to apply our protocol, together with 19F MRI relaxometry, to the mapping of the oxygen consumption in tumors. The protocol includes the continuous measurement of tumor pO2 during the following respiratory challenge: (i) basal values during air breathing; (ii) increasing pO2 values during carbogen breathing until saturation of tissue with oxygen; (iii) switching back to air breathing. We have demonstrated previously using EPR oximetry that the kinetics of return to the basal value after oxygen saturation are mainly governed by tissue oxygen consumption. This challenge was applied in hyperthyroid mice (generated by chronic treatment with L‐thyroxine) and control mice, as hyperthyroidism is known to dramatically affect the oxygen consumption rate of tumor cells. Our recently developed snapshot inversion recovery MRI fluorocarbon oximetry technique allowed the pO2 return kinetics to be measured with a high temporal resolution. The kinetic constants (i.e. oxygen consumption rates) were higher for tumors from hyperthyroid mice than from control mice, data that are consistent with our previous EPR study. The corresponding histograms of the 19F MRI data showed that the kinetic constants displayed a shift to the right for the hyperthyroid group, indicating a higher oxygen consumption in these tumors. The color maps showed a large heterogeneity in terms of oxygen consumption rate within a tumor. In conclusion, 19F MRI relaxometry allows the noninvasive mapping of the oxygen consumption in tumors. The ability to assess the heterogeneity of tumor response is critical in order to identify potential tumor regions that might be resistant to treatment and therefore produce a poor response to therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cribra orbitalia, sinusitis and linear enamel hypoplasia in Swedish Roman Iron Age adults and subadults
Authors: Liebe‐Harkort C. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTMaxillary and frontal sinusitis, cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia were recorded as indicators of nutritional and environmentally related stress in an Early Iron Age (0–260 AD) population from Sweden. The material comprised the skeletal remains of 99 adults and 45 subadults (aged 20 years and under). Maxillary sinusitis and cribra orbitalia were recorded in the majority of subadults and adults. In contrast, linear enamel hypoplasia was uncommon and occurred mainly in the subadults. In seven cases (12.7%) there was a clear co‐occurrence of periapical lesions and maxillary sinusitis. A significant co‐occurrence of maxillary sinusitis and frontal sinusitis was found in the adults. The least common combination in sex‐determined adults was cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia, only 7.7% exhibiting both lesions. The significantly higher incidence of this combination among subadults suggests an association with life‐threatening conditions. Overall, the results showed that the Early Iron Age community studied suffered foremost from upper respiratory diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the impact of paediatric oncology publications using three citation databases
Authors: Arora Ramandeep S , Eden Tim OB 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDespite some reported limitations, Web of Science has been the standard source to assess the impact of individual articles, and consequently journals. By analysing the citations to articles published in the field of paediatric oncology, we demonstrate that Scopus and Google Scholar, the two new citation databases, retrieve more citations than Web of Science. The strength of Scopus lies in identifying non‐English literature from Western and Eastern Europe, while Google Scholar is proficient at identifying English and non‐English literature from Africa, Asia and Central and South America. These findings have implications for researchers, journals and health libraries. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:152–153. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National Cancer Institute pediatric preclinical testing program: Model description for in vitro cytotoxicity testing
Authors: Kang Min H. , Smith Malcolm A. , Morton Christopher L. , Keshelava Nino , Houghton Peter J. , Reynolds C. Patrick 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) has established the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) for testing drugs against in vitro and in vivo childhood cancer models to aid in the prioritization of drugs considered for early phase pediatric clinical trials.ProceduresIn vitro cytotoxicity testing employs a semi‐automated fluorescence‐based digital imaging cytotoxicity assay (DIMSCAN) that has a 4‐log dynamic range of detection. Curve fitting of the fractional survival data of the cell lines in response to various concentrations of the agents was used to calculate relative IC50, absolute IC50, and Yminvalues. The panel of 23 pediatric cancer cell lines included leukemia (n = 6), lymphoma (n = 2), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 4), brain tumors (n = 3), Ewing family of tumors (EFT, n = 4), and neuroblastoma (n = 4). The doubling times obtained using DIMSCAN were incorporated into data analyses to estimate the relationship between input cell numbers and final cell number.ResultsWe report in vitro activity data for three drugs (vincristine, melphalan, and etoposide) that are commonly used for pediatric cancer and for the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, an agent that is currently under preclinical investigation for cancer. To date, the PPTP has completed in vitro testing of 39 investigational and approved agents for single drug activity and two investigational agents in combination with various “standard” chemotherapy drugs.ConclusionsThis robust in vitro cytotoxicity testing system for pediatric cancers will enable comparisons to response data for novel agents obtained from xenograft studies and from clinical trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:239–249. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrafast near infrared sintering of TiO2 layers on metal substrates for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Watson Trystan , Mabbett Ian , Wang Hongxia , Peter Laurence , Worsley David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA limiting step to roll‐to‐roll production of dye‐sensitized solar cells on metals is TiO2 sintering (10–30 min). Near infrared (NIR) heating is a novel process innovation which directly heats titanium substrates giving rapid binder removal and sintering. NIR heating (for 12.5 s) at varying power gave titanium temperatures of 545, 685 and 817°C yielding cells with efficiencies of 2.9, 2.8 and 2.5%. Identical cells prepared in a conventional oven (1800 s) at 500, 600 and 800°C gave 2.9, 2.6 and 0.2% efficiency. NIR sintering is ultrafast and has a wide process window making it ideal for rapid manufacturing on metals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and properties of chemically modified graphene
Authors: Park Hye Jin , Skákalová Viera , Meyer Jannik , Lee Dong Su , Iwasaki Takayuki , Bumby Chris , Kaiser Ute , Roth Siegmar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChemically modified graphene was synthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with ammonia gas introduced during the CVD process. The use of two different metal catalyst films [nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu)] results in distinctly different forms of structural defects in the honeycomb lattice of graphene under identical synthesis conditions. The Ni catalyst film gave rise to numerous “flower‐like” defects, where carbon atoms formed core hexagons surrounded by pentagons alternated with heptagons, whilst graphene grown on a Cu catalyst film contained a much higher concentration of substituted nitrogen atoms. The samples were characterized by a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic methods complemented with electrical transport measurements.magnified image
Electronic structure of antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) from GW calculations
Authors: Vadapoo Rajasekarakumar , Krishnan Sridevi , Yilmaz Hulusi , Marin Carlos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has been proposed as an alternative material for a wide range of applications; however, the electronic structure of the Sb2Se3 lattice is not clearly known yet. As a consequence, there are abundant contradictory interpretations of experimental results leading to incoherent determinations of its energy band gap and the type of optical transitions. Moreover, Sb2Se3 is recently being synthesized in different types of nanostructures; therefore, detailed knowledge of the bulk electronic structure is necessary to evaluate deviations due to confinement or surface effects. In this paper, we study the electronic band structure of antimony selenide using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with GW corrections. Our calculations show that Sb2Se3 has an indirect energy band gap of 1.21 eV; however, a direct transition only 0.01 eV higher than the band gap (1.22 eV) is also possible. The calculated density of states agrees well with the experiments reporting photoemission spectra.
Plasma dynamics in graphite and SWNT probed by inelastic electron and X‐ray scattering
Authors: Kramberger Christian , Einarsson Erik , Huotari Simo , Thurakitseree Therapool , Maruyama Shigeo , Knupfer Martin , Pichler Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGraphite as well as bundled and freestanding single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are allotropes of sp2 carbon. However their dynamical structure factor S (q, w) differs greatly because of the very different dimensionalities and geometries. Here S (q, w) is experimentally accessed by means of inelastic X‐ray and electron scattering.In our combined approach we utilize the equivalency and complementarity of the two techniques to access the dispersion relation of electronic inter‐band transitions across the entire Brillouin zone. The extended range plasmon dispersions provide direct insight into the imprints of macroscopic screening and low‐dimensional confinement on plasmons in SWNTs (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current trends in robot assisted surgery: a survey of gynecologic oncologists
Authors: duPont Nefertiti C. , Chandrasekhar Rameela , Wilding Gregory , Guru Khurshid A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the perceptions of the importance and utility of robot assisted surgery in gynecologic oncology.MethodsA 39 question web‐based survey was sent to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists.ResultsThe survey response rate was 28%, with 277 surveys completed. Nearly 40% of respondents felt robotic surgical training was required as a part of their career goals, and 73% of respondents have performed a robotic hysterectomy. Among respondents, 39% felt that robotic surgery was as good as laparoscopic surgery but 23% thought robot assisted surgery should be the gold standard for the treatment of endometrial cancer.ConclusionsRobot assisted surgery is gaining widespread acceptance and is perceived to be as good as laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of early stage endometrial and cervical cancers. Among respondents the greatest benefit of robot assisted surgery was its ease of use and perceived improvement in a patient's quality of life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axial beanspruchte Sandwichelemente in rahmenlosen Konstruktionen
Authors: Käpplein Saskia , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSandwichelemente werden üblicherweise als einachsig spannende Bauelemente verwendet. Diese werden durch auf sie einwirkende Querlasten auf Biegung beansprucht und leiten die Kräfte in eine Unterkonstruktion ab. Eine neuere Entwicklung ist es kleinere Gebäude aus Sandwichelementen auch ohne Unterkonstruktion herzustellen. Bei dieser Bauweise haben die Elemente nicht nur die Funktion des Raumabschlusses, sondern werden auch zur Lastabtragung und zur Aussteifung des Gebäudes herangezogen. Zusätzlich zu Biegemomenten und Querkräften wirken in den Elementen dann auch Normalkräfte. Ein Bemessungsvorschlag für axial beanspruchte Sandwichelemente, durch den auch die auftretenden Kriecherscheinungen berücksichtigt werden können, wird vorgestellt. Außerdem werden die maßgebenden Versagensmodi an der Lasteinleitungsstelle aufgezeigt und ein mechanisches Modell erläutert.Axially loaded sandwich panels in frameless buildings. Traditionally sandwich panels are used as unidirectional spanning flexural members transferring loads to a substructure. As a recent development, sandwich panels are used to design small buildings without substructure. In this application the panels are not only used as cladding element but also for load transfer and bracing of the building. A design model for axially loaded sandwich panels, which also considers creeping effects, is presented. Additionally the basic failure modes at the area of load application are illustrated and a mechanical model is introduced.
Realität – Modell – Norm
Authors: Werner Frank 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBauen stellt eine komplexe Interaktion der Gesellschaft mit der natürlichen Welt dar. Bauwerke sollen i. a. über eine sehr lange Zeit, häufig länger als ein Menschenleben praktisch nutzbar sein. Die Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit, insbesondere Sicherheit, sind ungewöhnlich hoch und deutlich größer als in anderen Bereichen der Technik. Bauen unter den Bedingungen des ökonomischen Wettbewerbs erfordert Regeln und Richtlinien für die Beurteilung der zu erwartenden Zuverlässigkeit eines Bauwerkes. Modelle bilden die Interaktion zwischen Bauwerk und vorhandener Umgebung unter Nutzung probabilistischer Methoden näherungsweise ab. Die Beurteilung von Robustheit und Sensitivität der Modelle erhält eine steigende Bedeutung. Die Definition von allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Technik für die Bemessung von Bauwerken muss den aktuellen Bedingungen angepasst werden. Zukunftsfähige Normenkonzepte müssen sich an der Entwicklung der Entwurfsmethoden und der Informationsund Kommunikationstechnik orientieren. Vereinfachende empirische Formeln, Diagramme usw. verlieren ihre Gültigkeit auch außerhalb eingeführter Normen nicht und müssen nicht neu aufbereitet werden.Reality – Model – Code. Construction involves a complex interaction with the physical world and with society. Buildings are expected to be usable for a very long period of time, often longer than the span of a human life. The requirements with regard to reliability and security in particular, are extraordinarily high – considerably greater than in other technical fields. Construction, particularly under the pressure of free market competition, requires rules and regulations for the assessment of the anticipated reliability and performance of a building. To a certain degree, models can be used to anticipate the interaction between a building and its environment by applying probabilistic methods. The robustness and sensitivity of models therefore increasingly gains importance. The definition of commonly accepted technical rules for the design of buildings has to be matched to the current conditions. Concepts for developing design codes must be futureproofed such that the codes are complimentary to the progress of new design methodologies, and also to the innovation and development of information technology. However, traditional empirical simplifying formulas, diagrams, etc., are still valid and do not require updating.
Besonderheiten der Werkstattplanung im Stahlbau am Beispiel des Großprojektes BBI‐Terminaldach
Authors: Gregull Thomas , Arnold Marion 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird über die Stahlkonstruktion des neuen Flughafens Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI) berichtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Werkstattplanung mittels eines 3D‐Modelles unter Beachtung der Komplexität der Gewerkeschnittstellen. Es wird auf die Möglichkeiten der Rationalisierung der Planung und der Weitergabe der Daten direkt an die Werkstätten und die Montage eingegangen.Features of the shop planning in structural steelworks exemplary shown at the large‐scale project BBI‐Terminal in Berlin, Germany. This article reports on the steel structure of the new airport Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI). The focus is on the shop drawings using a 3D model with respect to the complexity of the trades interfaces. It is on the possibilities of streamlining the planning and the dissemination of the data received directly to the workshops and assembly.
Learning curve for Doppler measurement of fetal modified myocardial performance index
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez R. , Figueras F. , Jaramillo J. J. , Meler E. , Méndez A. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Gratacos E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the learning curve for measurement of the fetal modified myocardial performance index (MPI).MethodsThree trainees with the theoretical knowledge of but without prior experience in performing MPI measurement were selected. Each trainee and one experienced examiner measured MPI in a cohort of 90 consecutive fetuses. The average difference between the three trainees and the expert in the MPI measurements was calculated; a difference below 10% was considered to indicate an accurate measurement. Individual and averaged learning curves were delineated using cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM).ResultsThe gestational age at evaluation ranged from 20 + 4 to 41 + 4 (mean, 33 + 3) weeks. The CUSUM plots demonstrated that, on average, competence in performing fetal MPI measurement was achieved by 65 cases. The average number of attempts to achieve competence were 42, 77 and 83 for the ejection time, isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time, respectively.ConclusionsEvaluation of fetal MPI by an inexperienced trainee requires on average 65 measurements to achieve competence. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal umbilical artery Doppler to predict compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing in a high‐risk population: systematic review and bivariate meta‐analysis
Authors: Morris R. K. , Malin G. , Robson S. C. , Kleijnen J. , Zamora J. , Khan K. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the accuracy of fetal umbilical artery Doppler to predict the risk of compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing in a high‐risk population.MethodsSearches in MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Medion (from inception to March 2009) were carried out, together with hand searching of relevant journals, reference list checking of included articles and contact with experts. Criteria for selection were observational studies with umbilical artery Doppler used in a high‐risk pregnant population with an outcome measure for compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing. Data on study design, quality and results were extracted to construct 2 × 2 tables. Bivariate meta‐analysis was performed. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were used as the summary measure of accuracy.ResultsOne‐hundred and four studies met the selection criteria (19 191 fetuses). In a high‐risk population, umbilical artery Doppler predicted small‐for‐gestational age with a pooled LR+ of 3.76 (2.96, 4.76) and pooled LR− of 0.52 (0.45, 0.61), and compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing with a pooled LR+ of 3.41 (2.68, 4.34) and pooled LR− of 0.55 (0.48, 0.62). In this group it was also possible to predict, with accuracy, intrauterine death (pooled LR+ = 4.37 (0.88, 21.8); pooled LR− = 0.25 (0.07, 0.91)) and acidosis (pooled LR+ = 2.75 (1.48, 5.11); pooled LR− = 0.58 (0.36, 0.94)).ConclusionsIn a high‐risk population, fetal umbilical artery Doppler is a moderately useful test with which to predict mortality and risk of compromise. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uterine myomas during pregnancy: a longitudinal sonographic study
Authors: De Vivo A. , Mancuso A. , Giacobbe A. , Maggio Savasta L. , De Dominici R. , Dugo N. , Dugo C. , Vaiarelli A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate volumetric changes of uterine myomas (fibroids) during pregnancy.MethodsThis was an observational, longitudinal and prospective study of 38 consecutive Caucasian women with singleton pregnancies and a total of 42 uterine myomas, enrolled from a cohort of 1492 women who took part in our first‐trimester Down syndrome screening program. Myoma volume was evaluated by ultrasound at 11–14, 20–22 and 32–34 weeks of gestation.ResultsMean myoma volume increased significantly throughout pregnancy. Taking a volumetric change of > 10% between gestational periods to be an increase in size, 71.4% of uterine myomas increased in size between the first and second gestational periods, while this percentage was slightly lower (66.6%) between the second and third periods. Logistic regression analysis revealed that greater maternal age was correlated with a reduction/no change in overall myoma size and multiparity was correlated with a decrease/no change between the first and second trimesters, while a higher prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) was correlated with a volumetric increase between the first and second trimesters and a decrease/no change between the second and third trimesters.ConclusionsFibroids enlarge during pregnancy regardless of their initial size or local factors, and maternal age, prepregnancy BMI and parity are apparently correlated with these changes. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi Inlet Turbomolekularpumpen
Authors: Holstein Günter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDer Analysenmarkt wird getrieben von neuen Herausforderungen aus den Bereichen der Medizin, Pharmazie, Umweltschutz, Sicherheitstechnik auf Flughäfen etc. entsprechende Nachweisverfahren für Gase, pyrotechnische Produkte, Proteinen usw. zu entwickeln.Ohne die Vakuumtechnik wären heute viele physikalische Messprinzipien wie z. B. Massenspektrometer, Elektronenmikroskopie undenkbar. Analytische Instrumente auf Basis von Massenspektrometern benötigen zum Betrieb Hochvakuum. Der Druckbereich liegt zwischen 10−3 und 10−10 mbar. Zur Erzeugung solch niedriger Drücke eignen sich Turbomolekularpumpen, wie sie z. B. die Firma Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum für den Analysenmarkt liefert. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den neuesten Technologie‐Trend. Innovative Lösungen sind z. B. die MULTI INLET Turbomolekularpumpen mit Kundenspezifischen Gehäusen oder als Kartuschenlösung (Cartridge) zum direkten Einbau in das Analysesystem.