bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Arabidopsis Fatty Acyl-Coenzyme A Reductases, FAR1, FAR4, and FAR5, Generate Primary Fatty Alcohols Associated with Suberin Deposition
Authors: Domergue Frédéric , Vishwanath Sollapura J. , Joubès Jérôme , Ono Jasmine , Lee Jennifer A. , Bourdon Matthieu , Alhattab Reem , Lowe Christine , Pascal Stéphanie , Lessire René , Rowland Owen 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Suberin is a protective hydrophobic barrier consisting of phenolics, glycerol, and a variety of fatty acid derivatives, including C18:0-C22:0 primary fatty alcohols. An eight-member gene family encoding alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases (FARs) has been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Promoter-driven expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene indicated that three of these genes, FAR1(At5g22500), FAR4(At3g44540), and FAR5(At3g44550), are expressed in root endodermal cells. The three genes were transcriptionally induced by wounding and salt stress. These patterns of gene expression coincide with known sites of suberin deposition. We then characterized a set of mutants with T-DNA insertions in FAR1, FAR4, or FAR5 and found that the suberin compositions of roots and seed coats were modified in each far mutant. Specifically, C18:0-OH was reduced in far5-1, C20:0-OH was reduced in far4-1, and C22:0-OH was reduced in far1-1. We also analyzed the composition of polymer-bound lipids of leaves before and after wounding and found that the basal levels of C18:0-C22:0 primary alcohols in wild-type leaves were increased by wounding. In contrast, C18:0-OH and C22:0-OH were not increased by wounding in far5-1 and far1-1 mutants, respectively. Heterologous expression of FAR1, FAR4, and FAR5 in yeast confirmed that they are indeed active alcohol-forming FARs with distinct, but overlapping, chain length specificities ranging from C18:0 to C24:0. Altogether, these results indicate that Arabidopsis FAR1, FAR4, and FAR5 generate the fatty alcohols found in root, seed coat, and wound-induced leaf tissue.
Do selected drugs increase the risk of lupus? A matched case‐control study
Authors: Schoonen W. Marieke , Thomas Sara L. , Somers Emily C. , Smeeth Liam , Kim Joseph , Evans Stephen , Hall Andrew J. 
Published: June 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT • Numerous previous case reports have suggested that lupus can be induced by a range of prescription medications.• Analytical studies quantifying risk of drug‐induced lupus are lacking. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This was the first large study to quantify risk of lupus associated with carbamazepine, hydralazine, and other prescription medicines suspected of inducing the disease.• We confirmed some, but not all, associations that have been hypothesized in case reports.• This study provides evidence that increased risks may be causal given the lack of an increased risk observed with deliberately selected ‘comparison’ drugs.AIMTo investigate the association between risk of lupus and exposure to selected drugs implicated in risk of lupus in a number of case reports.METHODSIn this matched nested case‐control study we utilized primary care data from the UK General Practice Research Database recorded between 1987 and 2001. Cases with at least one medical code for systemic lupus erythematosus or drug‐induced lupus in their computerized records were matched to controls without a medical code for lupus or any other autoimmune disorder. Using conditional logistic regression we computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of lupus associated with exposure to selected drugs.RESULTSThere were 875 incident cases, of which 12% (n= 107) had evidence of a prescription for one or more of the suspected drugs, and 3632 matched controls. For some drugs, prescriptions were too uncommon to be able to estimate associated risk of lupus. Despite small numbers of exposed patients and low statistical precision we observed an increased risk of lupus for hydralazine (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1.03, 42.74), minocycline (OR = 4.23, 95% CI 2.65, 6.75) and carbamazepine (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.09, 3.22). There was some indication that the effect of carbamazepine was restricted to women (P for interaction by gender = 0.047).CONCLUSIONThis study shows that even those drugs suggested by case reports as causing lupus cannot all be clearly shown to be associated, even in a very large population‐based database. Our findings support causal relationships for carbamazepine, minocycline and possibly hydralazine. Overall, drugs do not seem to be a major cause of lupus.
FOXP1 protein overexpression is associated with inferior outcome in nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas with non‐germinal centre phenotype, independent of gains and structural aberrations at 3p14.1
Authors: Hoeller Sylvia , Schneider Aurelia , Haralambieva Eugenia , Dirnhofer Stephan , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: June 2010

Hoeller S, Schneider A, Haralambieva E, Dirnhofer S & Tzankov A (2010) Histopathology 57, 73–80 FOXP1 protein overexpression is associated with inferior outcome in nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas with non‐germinal centre phenotype, independent of gains and structural aberrations at 3p14.1Aims:  To determine the molecular epidemiology and prognostic importance of structural and numeric FOXP1 gene aberrations with respect to BCL‐6 gene and to FOXP1 protein expression in 389 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) from the pre‐rituximab era on tissue microarrays.Methods and results:  By interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with colour‐labelled bacterial artificial chromosome clones, 12% (27/223) analysable cases showed FOXP1 gains and 1% (2/210) FOXP1 breaks. Seven percent of cases with known BCL‐6 and FOXP1 gene status (n = 159) showed an isolated FOXP1 gain, 19% an isolated BCL‐6 gain and 18% a trisomy 3. FOXP1 gains (isolated and due to trisomy 3) were more frequent in nodal than extranodal DLBCL and in non‐germinal centre B‐cell‐like (non‐GCB) DLBCL than in GCB DLBCL. By immunohistochemistry, FOXP1 protein was more often overexpressed in non‐GCB than in GCB cases. FOXP1 overexpression was associated with poor disease‐specific survival in all DLBCL, particularly in nodal and non‐GCB cases. There was no correlation between FOXP1 gene aberrations and either FOXP1 protein expression or survival.Conclusions:  FOXP1 is recurrently targeted by numeric, and rarely by structural, genetic aberrations in DLBCL. Only the presence of FOXP1 protein, irrespective of its gene status, is decisive for prognosis in DLBCL.
MicroRNA profiling of multiple osteochondromas: identification of disease‐specific and normal cartilage signatures
Authors: Zuntini M , Salvatore M , Pedrini E , Parra A , Sgariglia F , Magrelli A , Taruscio D , Sangiorgi L 
Published: June 2010

Zuntini M, Salvatore M, Pedrini E, Parra A, Sgariglia F, Magrelli A, Taruscio D, Sangiorgi L. MicroRNA profiling of Multiple Osteochondromas: identification of disease‐specific and normal cartilage signatures.Multiple osteochondroma (MO) is a rare skeletal disease characterized by the formation of multiple benign cartilage‐capped bone tumors; in 1–5% of patients, a malignant transformation into peripheral chondrosarcoma may occur. This disorder is characterized by a large spectrum of germline mutations scattered along EXT1/EXT2 genes, the presence of a significant percentage of patients without alterations in EXT genes, and a large phenotypic variability. The molecular basis of MO genetic and clinical heterogeneity, including the causes underlying malignant transformation, is currently unknown. This leads to the lack of appropriate diagnostic/prognostic markers as well as of therapeutic options. Recently, specific microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be involved in chondrogenesis and inflammatory cartilage diseases. We therefore hypothesized a role for microRNAs in cartilaginous tumors and investigated microRNA expression in osteochondroma and normal cartilage tissues to evaluate whether they could affect osteochondromas onset and/or clinical manifestations. Our results indicate that miRNAs differentially expressed in MO samples may hamper the molecular signaling responsible for normal differentiation of chondrocytes, contributing to pathogenesis and clinical outcome. Although further studies are needed to validate our observations and to identify targets of miRNAs, this is the first study reporting on miRNA expression in growth plate and its comparison with pathological conditions.
Incidence and clinical significance of bacterial and fungal contamination of the preservation solution in liver transplantation
Authors: Audet M. , Piardi T. , Panaro F. , Ghislotti E. , Gheza F. , Cag M. , Jarzembowski T.M. , Flicoteaux H. , Wolf P. , Cinqualbre J. 
Published: June 2010

M. Audet, T. Piardi, F. Panaro, E. Ghislotti, F. Gheza, M. Cag, T.M. Jarzembowski, H. Flicoteaux, P. Wolf, J. Cinqualbre. Incidence and clinical significance of bacterial and fungal contamination of the preservation solution in liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 84–88. All rights reservedAbstract: A perfusion fluid used in the preservation of the grafted liver represents a medium suitable for microorganism growth. In this observational study, a sample of 232 transplanted livers was collected. Perfusion fluid samples were stored for microbiological analysis from harvested donors. Bacteria were isolated in 91 out of 232 samples, post‐operative infections related to contaminated perfusion solution occurred in 13 cases. The contamination rate of the preservation medium appears to be high, but postoperative infections occurs rarely. We suggest periodic detection and a protocol in place designed for antibiotic use for transplanted patients exposed to contaminated perfusion solution.
Drought Responses of Two Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) Landraces Collected from a Dry and a Humid Area of Africa
Authors: Jørgensen S. T. , Liu F. , Ouédraogo M. , Ntundu W. H. , Sarrazin J. , Christiansen J. L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDrought adaptation strategies of two bambara groundnut landraces, Uniswa Red and S19‐3, collected from contrasting environments in Africa, were compared. Our objectives were to investigate the relative significance of effective stomatal control induced by the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and osmotic adjustment in regulating plant water relations in general for this legume species. The ABA concentration [ABA] in the leaf increased linearly with declining relative leaf water content, and there were significantly higher [ABA] in Uniswa Red compared with S19‐3 at the final harvest in the drought‐stressed plants. Estimated by a linear‐plateau model, S19‐3 initiated the reduction in transpiration at a significantly lower soil water threshold (FTSW = 0.50 ± 0.024) than Uniswa Red (FTSW = 0.69 ± 0.023) indicating that the latter was more sensitive in reducing plant water use in response to soil drying. A similar trend was found for stomatal closure during soil drying, although the soil water thresholds at which relative stomatal conductance (gs) started to decline were not significantly different between the two landraces. By an early closure of stomata and hence an early reduction in transpiration rate during soil drying, Uniswa Red could be defined as a ‘water‐saver’ such that it maintains leaf water status to a great extent of soil water deficit. This strategy is important for survival during intermittent drought. While S19‐3 could be defined as a ‘water‐spender’ with a late closure of stomata, hence a late declining of transpiration rate during soil drying allowed the landrace to maximize its water use despite giving up its leaf water relations. Such drought response together with a fast phenological development of S19‐3 indicates that the landrace is capable of escaping from terminal drought while maximizing its water use and productivity when soil water is available.
Low accuracy of the national reporting system of acute hepatitis C infection in Taiwan, 1995–2004
Authors: Kee Kwong‐Ming , Hung Chi‐Ming , Wang Jing‐Houng , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Pao‐Fei , Lin Kuo‐Sin , Lu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractsBackground and Aim:  This study attempted to clarify accuracy of acute hepatitis C (AHC) and its clinical characteristics.Methods:  We reviewed 632 reported cases from national surveillance data of the Taiwan Center for Disease Control between 1995 and 2004, and reclassified diagnoses. A definite case was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 10 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) with seroconversion of anti‐hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV). A probable case was defined as (i) seroconversion of anti‐HCV and/or elevated ALT levels; or (ii) anti‐HCV(+) but titers increased (from < 40 S/CO to ≥ 40 S/CO) and ALT > 10 × the ULN. A suspected case was defined as initial anti‐HCV(+) and ALT level > 10 × the ULN and/or jaundice. Excluded cases were defined as ALT levels less than 10 × ULN with initial positive anti‐HCV Ab.Results:  A total of 310 (49%) cases were confirmed as AHC; these included 95 (15%) definite and 215 (34%) probable cases. Higher incidence rates and accuracy of AHC were demonstrated in the southern area significantly if compared with northern, eastern and central areas, respectively (all P < 0.05). On comparison between blood centers and hospitals, more AHC cases were found in Southern Taiwan than in other areas (157/73 vs 24/40, P < 0.001), younger mean age (33.3 ± 11.1 vs 49.3 ± 16.4, P < 0.001), lower ALT levels (263.1 ± 200.9 vs 1264.2 ± 706.8, P < 0.001) and male predominance (191/39 vs 46/18, P = 0.046).Conclusions:  This study showed our reporting system over‐estimated the AHC diagnosis, which is also a common issue worldwide. Greater efforts are needed to establish appropriate reporting systems, as well as more supplemental methods to distinguish between prevalent and incident cases.
The role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the surgical management of thyroid cancer
Authors: Raj Mariolyn D. , Grodski Simon , Martin Sarah Anne , Yeung Meei , Serpell Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Diagnosis of thyroid malignancy relies on clinical assessment, imaging and fine‐needle aspiration cytology ‘FNAC’ of thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how effective synoptically reported FNAC is in clinical practice in diagnosing thyroid cancer. We also examined the effectiveness of using preoperative FNAC results to plan the type of operation for treating thyroid cancer.Method:  A retrospective case series of all patients undergoing thyroid surgery from 1993 to 2008 was analysed. All data were collected prospectively and recorded in a dedicated endocrine surgery database. Data analysed included age, sex, preoperative FNAC result, type of surgery, final histology and complications. Cytology was reported based on a five‐tiered classification system.Results:  There were 1373 patients in total and 125 patients with a final diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Female to male ratio was 3:1. Cytology reported as ‘malignant’ was confirmed as thyroid cancer in 100% of the cases. Of the patients, 47% with ‘suspicious’ cytology report and 14% with ‘follicular/indeterminate’ cytology report had a final diagnosis of cancer. Thyroid cancer subtypes were 90 patients with papillary thyroid cancer ‘PTC’, 24 with follicular ‘FTC’, eight with medullary ‘MTC’ and two with anaplastic cancer. Cytology was suggestive of cancer in 89% of the patients with PTC >10 mm, 75% with FTC and 88% with MTC. Transient hypocalcaemia was the commonest complication occurring in 7.2%. There were no cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Recurrent laryngeal nerve neuropraxia occurred in 2.4% with a permanent palsy occurring in 0.8%. There were three cancer‐related deaths.Conclusions:  Preoperative synoptically reported FNAC is effective when used in diagnosing and planning surgery for thyroid cancer.
Preoperative fine needle cytology and imaging facilitates the management of submandibular salivary gland lesions
Authors: Taylor Martyn J. , Serpell Jonathan W. , Thomson Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Lesions of the submandibular gland represent a pleomorphically diverse group in which benign and malignant pathologies are difficult to differentiate from each other. Accurate diagnosis and surgical intervention relies upon clinical presentation, examination and investigations to guide appropriate management. The current series aimed to identify the roles of preoperative cytology and imaging with subsequent histopathology in the management of these lesions.Methods:  Between 1998 and 2008, 54 patients of median age 54 years (range 25–94), with a male : female ratio of 1:3.5 were identified, of which, 50 patients underwent 52 excisions of the submandibular gland. Demographic data were recorded. The utility of imaging and cytology were analysed, and the accuracy of cytology correlated with histology.Results:  Pathologies of resected specimens were sialadenitis 17 (32%), pleomorphic adenomas nine (17%), calculi eight (15%), lymphoma five (10%), squamous cell carcinoma two (4%), adenoid cystic carcinoma one (2%) and other 10 (20%). Twenty‐eight patients (52%) underwent fine‐needle aspiration cytology/core biopsies, of which 25 (89%) were correlated with histology. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the fine‐needle aspiration cytology correlation with histology were 88.0%, 71.4% and 94.4%, respectively. Overall, the complication rate was 9.6%; involving five temporary nerve palsies of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, including one temporary lingual nerve palsy.Conclusion:  This series demonstrates histological outcomes in patients specific to the submandibular salivary gland. The malignancy rate was low compared to current published literature. The transcervical surgical approach to submandibular gland pathology is a safe and effective method with minimal morbidity when performed by experienced surgeons. No single investigative modality can be solely aligned with diagnosing a specific lesion of the submandibular gland.
Initial short‐term intensive insulin therapy as a strategy for evaluating the preservation of beta‐cell function with oral antidiabetic medications: a pilot study with sitagliptin
Authors: Retnakaran R. , Qi Y. , Opsteen C. , Vivero E. , Zinman B. 
Published: June 2010

Aim: Studies evaluating the effects of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) on beta‐cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are confounded by an inability to establish the actual baseline degree of beta‐cell dysfunction, independent of the deleterious effects of hyperglycaemia (glucotoxicity). Because intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can induce normoglycaemia, we reasoned that short‐term IIT could enable evaluation of the beta‐cell protective capacity of OADs, free from confounding hyperglycaemia. We applied this strategy to assess the effect of sitagliptin on beta‐cell function. Methods: In this pilot study, 37 patients with T2DM of 6.0 + 6.4 years duration and A1c 7.0 + 0.8% on 0–2 OADs were switched to 4–8 weeks of IIT consisting of basal detemir and premeal insulin aspart. Subjects achieving fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/l 1 day after completing IIT (n = 21) were then randomized to metformin with either sitagliptin (n = 10) or placebo (n = 11). Subjects were followed for 48 weeks, with serial assessment of beta‐cell function [ratio of AUCCpep to AUCgluc over Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) (AUCCpep/gluc/HOMA‐IR)] on 4‐h meal tests. Results: During the study, fasting glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 was higher (p = 0.003) and A1c lower in the sitagliptin arm (p = 0.016). Nevertheless, although beta‐cell function improved during the IIT phase, it declined similarly in both arms over time (p = 0.61). By study end, AUCCpep/gluc/HOMA‐IR was not significantly different between the placebo and sitagliptin arms (median 71.2 vs 80.4; p = 0.36). Conclusions: Pretreatment IIT can provide a useful strategy for evaluating the beta‐cell protective capacity of diabetes interventions. In this pilot study, improved A1c with sitagliptin could not be attributed to a significant effect on preservation of beta‐cell function.
Superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis: a little‐known complication of subinguinal varicocelectomy
Authors: Arango Octavio , Lorente José A. , Nohales Gloria , Rijo Enrique , Bielsa Oscar 
Published: June 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis (SDPVT) has been described in connection with different medical and surgical conditions but never in subinguinal varicocelectomy.This study provides the description of a new surgical complication in the subinguinal varicocelectomy: SDPVT. We analysed the pathophisiology and the management of this entity.OBJECTIVETo describe the symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of superficial thrombosis of the dorsal penile vein – the most common complication of subinguinal varicocelectomy – and analyse the possible mechanisms involved in the development of the condition.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe clinical records of 326 patients who underwent varicocele repair during the last 10 years was reviewed. The technique used was subinguinal varicocelectomy with arterial preservation. A mini‐Doppler probe was used during surgery for artery identification. We report on the postoperative complications of varicocelectomy, with special attention to superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis, and provide a detailed description of the anatomy of the superficial venous system of the penis.RESULTSComplications usually associated with varicocele surgery occurred in less than 1% of patients. However, the most common complication in our series was superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis, which occurred in 2.1% of patients. The use of the mini‐Doppler probe allowed us to identify and preserve the arteries in all 326 patients.CONCLUSIONSubinguinal varicocelectomy with intra‐operative use of a mini‐Doppler probe is a rapid and safe technique. The outcomes and complications are similar to those reported for subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. Superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis is a benign self‐limited condition whose association with subinguinal varicocelectomy has not been previously reported.