bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bone marrow aspirates from multiple sites for staging of canine lymphoma and mast cell tumours
Authors: Aubry O. A. , Spangler E. A. , Schleis S. E. , Smith A. N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis prospective study evaluated the utility of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) obtained from multiple sites for staging of canine lymphoma (LSA) and mast cell tumours (MCTs). Forty dogs (LSA, n = 24; MCTs, n = 16) were enrolled, but only 33 (82.5%) had diagnostic bone marrow (BM) aspirates obtained from two sites for inclusion in the study. Nineteen dogs with LSA were included, and 6 (31.6%) had BM involvement. Neoplastic lymphocytes were present in BM from both sites in all of these dogs. Fourteen dogs with MCTs were included, and 3 (21.4%) had BM involvement. Neoplastic mast cells were present at both sites in two dogs and at only one site in the third. These results indicate that BMAs from multiple sites may not be needed for accurate staging of canine LSA patients, but more studies evaluating the pattern of BM infiltration in dogs with high‐grade MCTs are warranted.
Patterns of altered functional connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Pittau Francesca , Grova Christophe , Moeller Friederike , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: May 2012

SummaryPurpose: In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) the epileptogenic area is confined to the mesial temporal lobe, but other cortical and subcortical areas are also affected and cognitive and psychiatric impairments are usually documented. Functional connectivity methods are based on the correlation of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal between brain regions, which exhibit consistent and reproducible functional networks from resting state data. The aim of this study is to compare functional connectivity of patients with MTLE during the interictal period with healthy subjects. We hypothesize that patients show reduced functional connectivity compared to controls, the interest being to determine which regions show this reduction.Methods: We selected electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) resting state data without EEG spikes from 16 patients with right and 7 patients with left MTLE. EEG‐fMRI resting state data of 23 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and manual preference were selected as controls. Four volumes of interest in the left and right amygdalae and hippocampi (LA, RA, LH, and RH) were manually segmented in the anatomic MRI of each subject. The averaged BOLD time course within each volume of interest was used to detect brain regions with BOLD signal correlated with it. Group differences between patients and controls were estimated.Key Findings: In patients with right MTLE, group difference functional connectivity maps (RMTLE − controls) showed for RA and RH decreased connectivity with the brain areas of the default mode network (DMN), the ventromesial limbic prefrontal regions, and contralateral mesial temporal structures; and for LA and LH, decreased connectivity with DMN and contralateral hippocampus. Additional decreased connectivity was found between LA and pons and between LH and ventromesial limbic prefrontal structures. In patients with left MTLE, functional connectivity maps (LMTLE − controls) showed for LA and LH decreased connectivity with DMN, contralateral hippocampus, and bilateral ventromesial limbic prefrontal regions; no change in connectivity was detected for RA; and for RH, there was decreased connectivity with DMN, bilateral ventromesial limbic prefrontal regions, and contralateral amygdala and hippocampus.Significance: In unilateral MTLE, amygdala and hippocampus on the affected and to a lesser extent on the healthy side are less connected, and are also less connected with the dopaminergic mesolimbic and the DMNs. Changes in functional connectivity between mesial temporal lobe structures and these structures may explain cognitive and psychiatric impairments often found in patients with MTLE.
Epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity: A nationally representative population‐based study
Authors: Rai Dheeraj , Kerr Michael P. , McManus Sally , Jordanova Vesna , Lewis Glyn , Brugha Traolach S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryPurpose:  In a nationally representative population‐based study in England, we estimated the burden of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in people with epilepsy. We investigated whether any overrepresentation of comorbidities could be explained by epilepsy being a chronic medical or neurologic condition, or by the confounding effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors or other health conditions.Methods:  The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7,403 individuals living in private households in England. Doctor‐diagnosed epilepsy (and asthma, diabetes, and migraine, chronic conditions for comparison) was ascertained by self‐report, and extensive diagnostic and screening interviews were used to assess psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions.Key Findings:  The estimated lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in the adult (≥16 years old) population of England was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.5). Almost one‐third of the people with epilepsy had an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) anxiety or depressive disorder (compared with one in six people without epilepsy). Among these, social phobia and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and measures of suicidality had strong associations with epilepsy, which remained robust after accounting for potential confounders. These associations were consistently stronger than those in people with asthma or diabetes, and similar to those in people reporting migraine or chronic headaches. Epilepsy was also strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (odds ratio [OR] 7.4, 95% CI 1.5–35.5) and possible eating disorders, and these associations were not evident in people with asthma, diabetes, or migraine.Significance:  Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions were overrepresented in people with epilepsy. These associations were stronger than with other nonneurologic chronic conditions, and not explained by confounding. Some overlap in the psychopathology observed in epilepsy and migraine cannot rule out the presence of common pathways of psychiatric comorbidity in neurologic conditions. However, associations of epilepsy with conditions such as autism spectrum disorders point to comorbidities specific to epilepsy that may not be shared by other neurologic conditions.
Fast evaluation of interictal spikes in long‐term EEG by hyper‐clustering
Authors: Scherg Michael , Ille Nicole , Weckesser Dieter , Ebert Arndt , Ostendorf Andrea , Boppel Tobias , Schubert Susanne , Larsson Pål G. , Henning Oliver , Bast Thomas 
Published: May 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The burden of reviewing long‐term scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is not much alleviated by automated spike detection if thousands of events need to be inspected and mentally classified by the reviewer. This study investigated a novel technique of clustering and 24‐h hyper‐clustering on top of automated detection to assess whether fast review of focal interictal spike types was feasible and comparable to the spikes types observed during routine EEG review in epilepsy monitoring.Methods:  Spike detection used a transformation of scalp EEG into 29 regional source activities and adaptive thresholds to increase sensitivity. Our rule‐based algorithm estimated 18 parameters around each detected peak and combined multichannel detections into one event. Similarity measures were derived from equivalent location, scalp topography, and source waveform of each event to form clusters over 2‐h epochs using a density‐based algorithm. Similar measures were applied to all 2‐h clusters to form 24‐h hyper‐clusters. Independent raters evaluated electroencephalography data of 50 patients with epilepsy (25 children) using traditional visual spike review and optimized hyper‐cluster inspection. Congruence between visual spike types and epileptiform hyper‐clusters was assessed on a sublobar level using three‐dimensional (3D) peak topographies.Key Findings:  Visual rating found 126 different epileptiform spike types (2.5 per patient). Independently, 129 hyper‐clusters were classified as epileptiform and originating in separate sublobar regions (2.6 per patient). Ninety‐one percent of visual spike types matched with hyper‐clusters (temporal lobe spikes 94%, extratemporal 89%). Conversely, 11% of hyper‐clusters rated epileptiform had no corresponding visual spike type. Numbers were comparable in adults and children. On average, 15 hyper‐clusters had to be inspected and rated per patient with an evaluation time of around 5 min.Significance:  Hyper‐clustering over 24 h provides an independent tool for rapid daily evaluation of interictal spikes in long‐term video‐EEG monitoring. If used in addition to routine review of 2–5 min EEG per hour, sensitivity and reliability in noninvasive diagnosis of focal epilepsy increases.
Finding a better drug for epilepsy: The mTOR pathway as an antiepileptogenic target
Authors: Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Gorter Jan A. , Cepeda Carlos 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Loss‐of‐function mutations in upstream regulators of mTOR have been highly associated with dysplasias, epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders. These include tuberous sclerosis, which is due to mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes; mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as in Cowden syndrome, polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, symptomatic epilepsy syndrome (PMSE) due to mutations in the STE20‐related kinase adaptor alpha (STRADalpha); and neurofibromatosis type 1 attributed to neurofibromin 1 mutations. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin may prevent epilepsy and improve the underlying pathology in mouse models with disrupted mTOR signaling, due to PTEN or TSC mutations. However the timing and duration of its administration appear critical in defining the seizure and pathology‐related outcomes. Rapamycin application in human cortical slices from patients with cortical dysplasias reduces the 4‐aminopyridine–induced oscillations. In the multiple‐hit model of infantile spasms, pulse high‐dose rapamycin administration can reduce the cortical overactivation of the mTOR pathway, suppresses spasms, and has disease‐modifying effects by partially improving cognitive deficits. In post–status epilepticus models of temporal lobe epilepsy, rapamycin may ameliorate the development of epilepsy‐related pathology and reduce the expression of spontaneous seizures, but its effects depend on the timing and duration of administration, and possibly the model used. The observed recurrence of seizures and epilepsy‐related pathology after rapamycin discontinuation suggests the need for continuous administration to maintain the benefit. However, the use of pulse administration protocols may be useful in certain age‐specific epilepsy syndromes, like infantile spasms, whereas repetitive‐pulse rapamycin protocols may suffice to sustain a long‐term benefit in genetic disorders of the mTOR pathway. In summary, mTOR dysregulation has been implicated in several genetic and acquired forms of epileptogenesis. The use of mTOR inhibitors can reverse some of these epileptogenic processes, although their effects depend upon the timing and dose of administration as well as the model used.
Tetanus neurotoxin–induced epilepsy in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Mainardi Marco , Pietrasanta Marta , Vannini Eleonora , Rossetto Ornella , Caleo Matteo 
Published: May 2012

SummaryTetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is a metalloprotease that cleaves the synaptic protein VAMP/synaptobrevin, leading to focal epilepsy. Although this model is widely used in rats, the time course and spatial specificity of TeNT proteolytic action have not been precisely defined. Here we have studied the biochemical, electrographic, and anatomic characteristics of TeNT‐induced epilepsy in mouse visual cortex (V1). We found that VAMP cleavage peaked at 10 days, was reduced at 21 days, and completely extinguished 45 days following TeNT delivery. VAMP proteolysis was restricted to the injected V1 and ipsilateral thalamus, whereas it was undetectable in other cortical areas. Electrographic epileptiform activity was evident both during and after the time window of TeNT effects, indicating development of chronic epilepsy. Anatomic analyses found no evidence for long‐term tissue damage, such as neuronal loss or microglia activation. These data show that TeNT reliably induces nonlesional epilepsy in mouse cortex. Due to the excellent physiologic knowledge of the visual cortex and the availability of mouse transgenic strains, this model will be useful for examining the network and cellular alterations underlying hyperexcitability within an epileptic focus.
How Acute and Chronic Alcohol Consumption Affects Brain Networks: Insights from Multimodal Neuroimaging
Authors: Schulte Tilman , Oberlin Brandon G. , Kareken David A. , Marinkovic Ksenija , Müller‐Oehring Eva M. , Meyerhoff Dieter J. , Tapert Susan 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundMultimodal imaging combining 2 or more techniques is becoming increasingly important because no single imaging approach has the capacity to elucidate all clinically relevant characteristics of a network.MethodsThis review highlights recent advances in multimodal neuroimaging (i.e., combined use and interpretation of data collected through magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetoencephalography, MR perfusion, and MR spectroscopy methods) that leads to a more comprehensive understanding of how acute and chronic alcohol consumption affect neural networks underlying cognition, emotion, reward processing, and drinking behavior.ResultsSeveral innovative investigators have started utilizing multiple imaging approaches within the same individual to better understand how alcohol influences brain systems, both during intoxication and after years of chronic heavy use.ConclusionsTheir findings can help identify mechanism‐based therapeutic and pharmacological treatment options, and they may increase the efficacy and cost effectiveness of such treatments by predicting those at greatest risk for relapse.
Successful “in‐flight” activation of natural killer cells during long‐distance shipping
Authors: Koepsell Scott A. , Kadidlo Diane M. , Fautsch Susan , McCullough Jeffrey , Klingemann Hans , Wagner John E. , Miller Jeffrey S. , McKenna Jr David H. 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells have shown promise in the treatment of malignancy. However, the widespread use of these cells may be limited by both the lack of resources and the expertise needed to manufacture them and the apparent need to use only fresh cells. The NHLBI‐sponsored Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies group was established to provide the resources and expertise to carry out cell therapy research, including support of clinical trials. Here we describe the qualification of in transit activation of an NK‐cell therapy product in preparation for a Phase I clinical trial at a distant medical center.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nonmobilized apheresis mononuclear cell collections were CD3+ cell depleted, placed into culture bags with interleukin (IL)‐2, and shipped from Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Columbus, Ohio, and back to Minneapolis/Saint Paul, under warm, monitored temperatures. Products underwent quality control (QC) testing including cell count, immunophenotyping, viability, endotoxin, sterility culture, and cytotoxicity assays. One product tested the relative importance of IL‐2 and controlled incubation.RESULTS: The length of shipment ranged from 14 to 16 hours, and temperatures were well controlled. QC testing was acceptable based upon previous in‐house experience. Controlled incubation was not necessary for successful activation of NK cells, but IL‐2 appeared essential.CONCLUSION: The need for novel cell therapies to be infused as fresh products may be a limitation for various cell types. However, we have shown that NK cells can be successfully shipped in the fresh state (allowing 48 hr from apheresis to product infusion) for use at clinical centers. Although IL‐2 is critical for NK‐cell activation, a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator is not.
Clinically significant anti‐A1 in a presumed ABO‐identical hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: a case report
Authors: Jaben Elizabeth A. , Jacob Eapen K. , Tauscher Craig , D'Souza Anita , Hogan William J. , Stubbs James R. 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Subgroups of the blood group A (ABO) are generally not considered ABO incompatible for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant.CASE REPORT: A 54‐year‐old female presented for HPC transplantation for acute leukemia. No HLA‐matched donor was identified, so she received a peripheral blood stem cell graft from an HLA‐mismatched unrelated donor. On pretransplant testing, both the donor and the recipient typed as blood group A. On Day +67 after transplant, the recipient had a transfusion reaction consisting of an increase in temperature, rigors, and shaking chills during infusion of a unit of group A red blood cells (RBCs). A transfusion reaction workup revealed an ABO discrepancy with both anti‐A (1+) and anti‐B (3+) identified in the patient's serum as well as a positive direct antiglobulin test with monoclonal anti‐IgG antisera. Anti‐A1 were identified serologically and in an eluate. Hemolysis was clinically significant, requiring blood transfusion. No ABO typing discrepancies were found on pretransplant testing in either the recipient or the donor. DNA sequencing for blood group A subgroups performed after the transfusion reaction on blood collected before the transplant showed the donor to be type A1 and the recipient as A2. Unfortunately, the patient experienced graft failure requiring reconditioning and reinfusion of additional cells from the original HPC donor. On Day +94 after the second transplant, the patient died with severe acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease.CONCLUSION: This report describes a blood group A2 patient who developed an anti‐A1 causing clinically significant hemolysis after HPC transplant from an A1 donor.
Thrombus‐Aspiration through 5 Fr Guiding Catheter with Transradial Approach in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Feasibility of a Mini‐invasive Strategy
Authors: ROULE VINCENT , DAHDOUH ZIAD , WAIN‐HOBSON JULIEN , BIGNON MATHIEU , MALCOR GUILLAUME , LOGNONÉ THÉRÈSE , MILLIEZ PAUL , GROLLIER GILLES , SABATIER RÉMI 
Published: May 2012

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach in acute coronary syndromes.
Background:

The use of thrombus‐aspirating devices improves myocardial reperfusion but requires at least a 6 Fr guiding catheter. Transradial coronary interventions using a 5 Fr guiding catheter are attractive to reduce bleeding complications.
Methods:

We retrospectively selected patients presenting acute coronary syndromes with angiographically visible thrombus who underwent thrombus‐aspiration through radial access using a 4 Fr multipurpose catheter in a 5 Fr guiding catheter. We described clinical and angiographic characteristics of the cohort, and the procedure's technique, success and complications.
Results:

Among the 34 included patients, 29 presented ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Complete resolution of the ST‐segment elevation was effective in 93% of these patients. TIMI flow grade after thrombus‐aspiration was significantly improved compared to baseline TIMI flow grade or after passage of the guidewire (P < 0.001 for both). There was no dissection or perforation but we noted distal embolization in 5 cases probably explained by the high grade of intracoronary thrombus in our cohort.
Conclusion:

Thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach seems to be safe and effective in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome. This mini‐invasive approach brought the advantages of the transradial access in 5 Fr but also its limitations. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:323–329)
Comparison Between Radial and Femoral Approach for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Aged 80 Years or Older
Authors: HU FENGHUAN , YANG YUEJIN , QIAO SHUBIN , XU BO , LIU HAIBO , WU YONGJIAN , CHEN JUE , YOU SHIJIE , CHEN JILIN , GAO RUNLIN 
Published: May 2012

Objective:
To compare safety and efficacy between the radial and femoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients aged 80 years and older.
Method:
Two hundred sixty‐eight elderly patients (80–97 years old, 176 men) who underwent elective PCI between May 2003 and May 2007 were included in this study: the femoral (hereinafter referred to as the Femoral Approach Group) approach was used on 156 patients and radial (Radial Approach Group) on 112 patients. Clinical and procedural characteristics and the incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) were compared between the 2 groups.
Results:
Procedural success rate was similar and >95% for both approaches. The radial approach was associated with longer cannulation (3.0 ± 2.8 minutes vs. 2.0 ± 1.9 minutes, P < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (23 ± 15 minutes vs. 19 ± 12 minutes, P = 0.03) and higher rate of crossover to an alternative access site (9.8% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.02) compared with the femoral approach, while ambulation time (5 ± 2 hours vs. 20 ± 4 hours, P < 0.001), and rates of access site bleeding (2.7% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.004), hematoma (4.5% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.006), or any vascular complication (7.1% vs. 23.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced with the radial approach as opposed to femoral. Multivariate regression identifies the radial approach (OR = 0.25, CI = 0.09–0.75) as an independent negative predictor of postprocedural vascular complications.
Conclusion:
When compared to the femoral approach, PCI with the radial approach significantly reduces rates of vascular complications in high‐risk populations of patients aged 80 years and older. However, efficacy and procedural success rates were similar for both groups whereas cannulation and fluoroscopy time longer and puncture failure rate higher with the radial approach than femoral. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:513–517)