bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest in Online Tobacco Cessation Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India- insights from Google Trends
Authors: Verma Madhur , Goel Sonu , Sinha Praveen , Singh Mahendra , Upadhyay Kritika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
With concerns about higher mortality and morbidity attributed to COVID-19 infection among tobacco users, the pandemic has been an opportune time to further our efforts towards tobacco cessation. The present study thus aims to assess the interest in tobacco cessation services during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
An ecological study was done using data from Google Trends for five years. The trends depicting the interest in internet search terms like “Quit-tobacco” and “Quitline” were retrieved and compared over the study period and with the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (GATS-II) data estimates (2016–17). The results were reported using descriptive statistics and line graphs.

Results:
Between 2017 and 21, the search interest regarding quitting tobacco depicted the highest peak corresponding to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant geographical disparities in the Google searches made across India. As per GATS-II, only 0.2% of the smokers had used a Quitline, corresponding to a smaller peak in Google Trends. Interest in “Quitline” compared to “quit tobacco” was in a ratio of 1:11, and the gap increased further during the pandemic by 1:12.

Conclusions:
We observed an increasing interest in the searches related to “Quit-tobacco” like terms during the pandemic but an increasing gap in the interest around the “Quitline” searches. The present study hypothesizes that the pandemic increased concerns regarding tobacco, leading to a higher interest in tobacco cessation services, thus calling for a proactive approach to propagate ‘Quitline’ through generous advocacy to have efficient tobacco control per the National Tobacco Control Program.
Incidence, Causes, and Perinatal Outcomes of “Near-Miss” Obstetric Emergencies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from a Tertiary Referral Center of Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Yadav Garima , Sharma Charu , Singh Pratibha , Solanki Vrushti , Chhabra Swati , Kathuria Priyanka , Gothwal Meenakshi , Jhirwal Manisha , Shekhar Shashank 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pregnant women and neonates are often considered as being a vulnerable group during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several studies have compared the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant and nonpregnant women. This study aimed to examine the reasons for severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) and “near-miss cases” and their effects on perinatal outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
All women admitted to our facility with pregnancy-related complications for birth or in the puerperium who required critical care unit (CCU) or high dependency unit (HDU) admission were included in the study. A modified version of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Maternal Near-Miss Screening Tool was used to identify maternal near-miss cases and other obstetric emergencies requiring CCU admission.

Results:
The incidence of “near-miss” obstetric emergencies was -30.7 per 1000 live births. Over the 3 years of data obtained, 152 near-miss cases were found. Thirty-five cases were seen in the pre-COVID-19 period, whereas 117 near-miss cases were noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common cause of near-miss cases in both groups was severe preeclampsia (65.8%). The rate of ICU admissions was 80.3% (94/117) during COVID-19, while only three cases required ICU before the COVID-19 pandemic. There were a total of 11 maternal deaths, and all were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:
There was a significant increase in ICU admission rates and “near-miss” obstetric emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 infection indirectly led to higher maternal morbidity secondary to lockdown effects on antenatal care and delayed referrals. This study will contribute to the existing literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health. The results will help inform policy decisions and guide the development of interventions to improve the quality of care for pregnant women during the pandemic.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Predicts Postoperative Morbidity after Major Abdominal Cancer Surgeries
Authors: More Shikhar , Mishra Seema , Bharti Sachidanand J. , Garg Rakesh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Kumar Vinod , Khan Maroof A. , Deo Suryanarayana V. S. , Bhatnagar Sushma 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim:
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been shown to predict outcomes after major surgery. However, CPET performance and risk thresholds may vary geographically due to different body composition, nutritional status, anaemia, etc. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative CPET variables and in-hospital morbidity after abdominal cancer surgeries.

Methods:
In this prospective observational study, 142 patients aged 18–70 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status II–III, underwent CPET preoperatively within 7 days of planned surgery. Oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide, heart rate (HR) and oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) were measured at anaerobic threshold (AT) and peak exercise (PE). Morbidity was assessed using the postoperative morbidity survey (POMS) postoperatively on days 3, 5 and 7. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the optimal cut-offs for various CPET parameters. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to test the relationship between CPET and postoperative morbidity.

Results:
After excluding patients who met the exclusion criteria, data from 109 participants were available for analysis. Forty-two patients (39%) suffered some morbidity postoperatively. VO2@AT (univariate odds ratio (OR) 1.36 [1.11–1.67] P = 0.002), sex (0.40 [0.17–0.99] P = 0.04), HR@AT (0.91 [0.94–0.99] P = 0.01), VO2/HR@AT (2.00 [1.42–2.80] P < 0.001) and VO2/HR@PE (2.04 [1.45–2.87] P < 0.001] were associated with postoperative morbidity. The final multivariate regression model contained VO2@AT (multivariate OR 1.25 [1.00–1.56] P = 0.04) and VO2/HR@PE (1.89 [1.34–11.09] P = 0.001). ROC curves revealed the optimal cut-off for VO2@AT as 11.9 ml/kg/min and VO2/HR@PE at 6.1 ml/beat.

Conclusion:
CPET parameters of oxygen uptake at AT and oxygen pulse at PE can predict morbidity in patients undergoing major abdominal onco-surgeries.
Flood Susceptibility Mapping for Kedah State, Malaysia: Geographics Information System-Based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Keya Tahmina A. , Sreeramanan S , Siventhiran SB , Maheswaran S , Selvan Saravana , Fernandez Kevin , An Low J , Leela A , Prahankumar R , Lokeshmaran A , Boratne AV 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The world economy is significantly impacted by floods. Identifying flood risk is essential to flood mitigation techniques.

Aim:
The primary goal of this study is to create a geographic information system (GIS)-based flood susceptibility map for the study area.

Methods:
Ten flood-influencing factors from a geospatial database were taken into account when mapping the flood-prone areas. Every element demonstrated a robust relationship with the probability of flooding.

Results:
The highest contributing elements for the flood disaster in the study region were drainage density, distance, and the curvature. Flood susceptibility models’ performance was validated using standard statistical measures and AUC. The ROC curves demonstrated that all ensemble models had good performance on the validation data sets (AUC = >0.97) with high accuracy scores of 0.80. Based on the flood susceptibility maps, most of the northwest regions of the study area are more likely to flood because of low land areas, areas with a lower gradient slope, linear and concave shape curvature, high drainage density with high rainfall, more “water bodies,” “crops land,” and “built areas,” abundance on sea and surface water, and Quaternary types of soil feature and so on. The very high flood susceptibility class accounts for 18.2% of the study area, according to the RF-embedding model, whereas the high, moderate, low, and very low susceptibility classes were found at about 20.0%, 24.6%, 24.3%, and 12.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:
In comparison with other commonly used applied approaches, this research presents a novel modeling approach for flood susceptibility that integrates machine learning and geospatial data. It has been found to be stronger and more efficient, highly accurate, has good prediction performance, and is less biased. Overall, our research into machine learning-based solutions points in a positive path technologically and can serve as a reference manual for future research and applications for academic specialists and decision-makers.
Correlation of anthropometric determinants, body fat distribution, and pulmonary function in postmenopausal women – An observational study
Authors: Makwana Priya , Mulla Ayesha , Oza Falak , Shah Purvi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity. This induces a reduction in resting metabolic rate, physical activity, and fat-free mass. Buildup of adipose tissues in the anterior abdominal wall and in the intra-abdominal visceral tissue hinders diaphragmatic movement and diminishes basal lung expansion during inspiration causes ventilation–perfusion abnormalities. Very few evidence of the correlation between body fat distribution and pulmonary function in menopausal women.

AIM:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between anthropometry determinants, body fat distribution, and pulmonary function in postmenopausal women.

SETTING AND DESIGN:
After ethical committee approval, an observational study of 101 postmenopausal women fulfilling the criteria were selected from the tertiary care center.

METHODOLOGY:
Anthropometric measurements of participants such as height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Body fat distribution is evaluated by measuring skinfold at five sites (biceps, triceps, abdominal, suprailiac, and subscapular) with the help of Lange caliper. Pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1st second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate) recorded on a computerized portable lung function unit.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
As the data were not in normal distribution, Spearmen’s correlation test was used.

RESULTS:
It showed that strong negative correlation existed between age and FVC (r = −0.742) and WHR and FEV1/FVC (r = −0.796). Furthermore, moderate negative correlation was found between biceps and FEV1 and FVC (r = −0.433 and r = −0.475), respectively, and abdominal skinfold and FEV1 and FVC (r = −0.628, r = −0.646) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION/CLINICAL IMPLICATION:
It could be concluded that in postmenopausal women, there may be a negative correlation between anthropometry, body fat distribution, and pulmonary function.
Oromotor rehabilitation on drooling and feeding activities in children with cerebral palsy: A case study
Authors: Nimmy A. , Priya S. , Evans Evin C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects the brain and causes difficulties with muscle coordination, body movement, and balance. Children with CP frequently present with severe oral motor impairments. Children with CP suffer from a variety of motor disorders, which are frequently accompanied by sensory, cognitive, communication, perception, and behavioral disorders, as well as epilepsy, nutrition, dysphagia, and oral motor dysfunction. CP refers to a group of long-term movement and posture impairments that occur in the developing infant brain, limiting many activities such as independent walking, stair climbing, running, or walking on an uneven surface. The purpose of this case report is to describe the difficulty in oromotor functional activity experienced by a CP child. A 5-year-10-month-old baby presented with drooling and difficulty in feeding activities, which greatly affected her day-to-day activities. Her pediatric Ability for Basic Feeding and Swallowing in Children-10 (ABFS-C) was 6/15 and The Drooling Impact Scale (DIS) 72/100 total score improved to (DIS) 83/100 and (ABFS-C) 10/15.
Initial decrease in the lipoprotein(a) level is a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Saeki Yasuhiko , Sawaguchi Jun , Akita Satori , Takamura Taka-aki , Fujibayashi Kosuke , Wakasa Minoru , Akao Hironobu , Kitayama Michihiko , Kawai Yasuyuki , Kajinami Kouji 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear.
AIM
To investigate the hypothesis that the Lp(a) levels are altered by various conditions during the acute phase of ACS, resulting in subsequent cardiovascular events.
METHODS
From September 2009 to May 2016, 377 patients with ACS who underwent emergent coronary angiography, and 249 who completed ≥ 1000 d of follow-up were enrolled. Lp(a) levels were measured using an isoform-independent assay at each time point from before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to 48 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac death, other vascular death, ACS, and non-cardiac vascular events).
RESULTS
The mean circulating Lp(a) level decreased significantly from pre-PCI (0 h) to 12 h after (19.0 mg/dL to 17.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and then increased significantly up to 48 h after (19.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001). The changes from 0 to 12 h [Lp(a)Δ0-12] significantly correlated with the basal levels of creatinine [Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SRCC): -0.181, P < 0.01] and Lp(a) (SRCC: -0.306, P < 0.05). Among the tertiles classified according to Lp(a)Δ0-12, MACE was significantly more frequent in the lowest Lp(a)Δ0-12 group than in the remaining two tertile groups (66.2% vs 53.6%, P = 0.034). A multivariate analysis revealed that Lp(a)Δ0-12 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.92-0.99] and basal creatinine (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.22) were independent determinants of subsequent MACE.
CONCLUSION
Circulating Lp(a) levels in patients with ACS decreased significantly after emergent PCI, and a greater decrease was independently associated with a worse prognosis.
Impact of D-dimer on in-hospital mortality following aortic dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Srikanth Sashwath , Abrishami Shabnam , Subramanian Lakshmi , Mahadevaiah Ashwini , Vyas Ankit , Jain Akhil , Nathaniel Sangeetha , Gnanaguruparan Subramanian , Desai Rupak 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The utility of D-dimer (DD) as a biomarker for acute aortic dissection (AD) is recognized. Yet, its predictive value for in-hospital mortality remains uncertain and subject to conflicting evidence.
AIM
To conduct a meta-analysis of AD-related in-hospital mortality (ADIM) with elevated DD levels.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for AD and ADIM literature through May 2022. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistics and effect size (hazard or odds ratio) analysis with random-effects models. Sample size, study type, and patients’ mean age were used for subgroup analysis. The significance threshold was P < 0.05.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies (3628 patients) were included in our study. The pooled prevalence of ADIM was 20% (95%CI: 15%-25%). Despite comparable demographic characteristics and comorbidities, elevated DD values were associated with higher ADIM risk (unadjusted effect size: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.34-2.8; adjusted effect size: 1.12, 95%CI: 1.05-1.19, P < 0.01). Studies involving patients with a mean age of < 60 years exhibited an increased mortality risk (effect size: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.23-1.67, P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in studies with a mean age > 60 years. Prospective and larger sample size studies (n > 250) demonstrated a heightened likelihood of ADIM associated with elevated DD levels (effect size: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.30-5.08, P < 0.01 vs effect size: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00-1.11, P = 0.05, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis shows elevated DD increases in-hospital mortality risk in AD patients, highlighting the need for larger, prospective studies to improve risk prediction models.
THE AXIOLOGICAL CONCEPTOSPHERE OF MODERN GERMAN RAP
Authors: Gumovskaya Galina N. , Chikhacheva Daria V. 
Published: June 2024

This study is devoted to the problem of studying the axiological component of German rap, which reflects one of the layers of the new culture of modern German youth. The study analyzed the most popular tracks of German rap artists: Gzuz, LX, Kontra K, Capital Bra, 102 Boyz. The total body of examples amounted to more than 50 tracks. Currently, rap has become one of the most important forms of self-expression of the new generation, creating value universals that were analyzed during the study. As a result, it was revealed that this conceptosphere includes such axiological concepts as plight, high financial status, family, confrontation with society, which largely reflect the interests of more socially vulnerable layers of the population.
THE IMAGE OF AN ALIEN IN SUB-STANDARD ZOONYMS OF THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
Authors: Fayzieva Galina V. 
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of study of sub-standard lexical units-zoonyms involved in the formation of the image of an alien in English and Russian linguistic cultures. The purpose of this work is to select and analyze sub-standard tokens that form the image of an alien by comparing them with the characteristics (behavior, external similarity, etc.) of representatives of the animal world. The object of the study is one of the author’s lexicographic works — A Dictionary of Sub-standard Vocabulary (Jargon, Argot, Slang) of the Russian and English languages. Zoonyms. The author presents the image model, as well as the classification of sub-standard lexical units-zoonyms associated with this model, presents relativities and differentiations in the perception of the presented image by native speakers of the English and Russian languages. It is proved that sub-standard lexical units-zoonyms are one of the tools for modeling the image of an alien in English and Russian linguistic cultures. The image of an alien, presented by the English and Russian substandard zoonyms, makes it possible to clearly and succinctly express the opposition of the “own — alien” pair, adding to it the inherent sub-standard vocabulary flavor and social orientation.
O Papel dos Adjuvantes de Óleo Vegetal na Promoção da Sustentabilidade na Agricultura
Authors: Neves Ubial Costa Regina , Ferreira Santos Reginaldo , Kazue Tokura Luciene , Oehninger Ramos Thomass , Willy Leiser Alan , Daniel Cintia , Vieira dos Santos Eliane , Ribas Pereira Isabella 
Published: June 2024

Resumo: A utilização do óleo de soja como adjuvante na solução dessecante destaca-se como uma prática agrícola sustentável devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios ambientais. Além de aumentar a eficácia dos herbicidas, o óleo de soja fornece uma fonte renovável e biodegradável, contrastando positivamente com os adjuvantes sintéticos à base de petróleo, reduzindo assim a poluição e a dependência de recursos não renováveis. A melhor aderência do herbicida às folhas das ervas daninhas permite dosagens químicas mais baixas, reduzindo assim o impacto nos ecossistemas e na saúde humana. Além disso, o fornecimento local de óleo de soja em muitas regiões agrícolas diminui ainda mais as emissões de carbono associadas ao transporte, reforçando as economias regionais. Consequentemente, a sua adopção pelos agricultores não só otimiza a eficácia dos herbicidas, mas também demonstra um compromisso genuíno com a sustentabilidade ecológica e econômica. Desta maneira o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes adjuvantes em aplicação com dessecantes na soja. O experimento foi realizado em duas localidades; no distrito rural de São João, município de Cascavel e no município de Braganey. Foram avaliados o peso das sementes, porcentagem de umidades e de impurezas das sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que o adjuvante vegetal a base de óleo de soja, atende os requisitos dos demais presente no mercado.
Palavras-Chave: Sustentabilidade. Dessecantes. Glycine max Óleo.
Problems and Prospects in European Education
Authors: Schriewer Jurgen , Orivel Francois , Swing Elizabeth S. 
Published: June 2024

Written by scholars and professionals from such organizations as the Council of Europe and the European Community, this volume provides a comprehensive examination of education throughout Europe. The particularities of national educational systems are of necessity within its purview, but overall organization of the volume reflects such thematic and regional concerns as the impact of social and economic integration on education, the modification of educational structures and curricula following the demise of communism in Eastern Europe, degree equivalency, the financing of educational change, privatization, the impact of migration and immigration, national concerns, intercultural education, and multiculturalism.
The volume's experts discuss European education's common heritage and the distinct national traditions it preserves. They deal with the interpretations of European education systems put forward in the shape of educational theories or reform-oriented programs, policies, and ideologies, as well as with the social actors, forces, and movements that have fuelled reform. The book's chapters also address the challenges European education has to face as a consequence of processes of change occurring at multiple levels: at the levels of cultural values, socio-political reconstruction, intercultural migration, supra-national integration, and ongoing global interconnection.
Seeing Spots
Authors: Benoit William L. 
Published: June 2024

Benoit provides a comprehensive analysis of presidential television spots from every campaign that used this important message form, from the 1952 campaign through the last national campaign in 1996. More than 1,600 presidential spots are analyzed, from both primary and general campaigns. Republican, Democratic, and third party candidate advertisements are analyzed. He uses the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse, analyzing themes in spots as acclaims (self-praise), attacks (criticism), and defenses (responses to attacks). Themes are classified according to topic. Each of these topics is broken down further (policy: past deeds, future plans, general goals; character: personal qualities, leadership ability, ideals). Contrasts are made between spots from Republicans and Democrats as well as third parties, incumbents and challengers, and winners and losers. The spots from candidates who led, trailed, or were in close races also are contrasted.
Spots are becoming more negative over time, Benoit concludes, in both primary and general campaigns. General campaigns are more negative than primary campaigns, Democrats are more negative than Republicans, and challengers are more negative than incumbents. There are no differences between winners and losers. However, candidates who trailed throughout the campaign were most negative, while candidates in close races were most positive. An important analysis for scholars and researchers in political communication and American presidential politics.