bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating the frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Woodward Michael , Jacova Claudia , Black Sandra E , Kertesz Andrew , Mackenzie Ian R. , Feldman Howard ,   the ACCORD investigator group
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may have prominent features of executive dysfunction and language impairment as well as behavioral abnormalities early in the disease (‘high frontality’). When this occurs differentiation from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is difficult. It is hypothesized that AD patients with high frontality may have clinical and pathological features that distinguish them from less frontal AD patients.MethodsIn a well‐characterized cohort of people with cognitive impairment, we used the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) in an attempt to identify AD patients with prominent frontal features (high‐FBI AD) and distinguish them from the remainder of AD patients (low‐FBI AD).ResultsThe 18 high‐FBI AD patients were compared with the 26 FTD patients who had an FBI performed and the 53 other low FBI AD patients. The individual FBI items did not differ significantly between the FTD and the high‐FBI AD patients, and the high FBI AD patients were more like the FTD patients than the other AD patients with respect to presence of a family history of AD, proportion with homozygous apolipoprotein E4 status, disability as measured by the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) Scale and the Functional Rating Scale (FRS) and neuropsychiatric impairment as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Memory symptom duration was similar in the high FBI AD group compared to the low FBI AD group.ConclusionsThere is a subgroup of AD patients with high frontality that can be clinically distinguished from the remainder of AD patients but which requires pathological verification. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A brief metacognition questionnaire for the elderly: comparison with cognitive performance and informant ratings the Cache County Study
Authors: Buckley Trevor , Norton Maria C. , Deberard M. Scott , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the utility of a brief, metacognition questionnaire by examining its association with objective cognitive testing and informant ratings. We hypothesized that the association between self‐ratings of change and both outcomes would be greater among individuals without dementia than among those with dementia.MethodsParticipants were 535 persons without dementia and 152 with dementia from the Cache County Memory Study who had completed a metacognition questionnaire, two administrations of the Modified Mini‐Mental State Exam (3 MS) and who had data on the Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Cronbach's alpha was calculated as a measure of internal consistency of the metacognition questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between metacognition and 3 MS change. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between metacognition and IQCODE ratings (no change vs. worse).ResultsCronbach's alpha was 0.75. Among individuals without dementia, metacognition significantly predicted 3 MS change (p = .027) and IQCODE ratings (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.2–13.8, p = .029), suggesting consistency among measures. For those with dementia, there was a weak, inverse relationship between 3 MS change and metacognition (r = −0.16, p = .056). IQCODE ratings were not significantly associated with metacognition (p = .729). Degree of dementia severity did not modify the relationship between metacognition and either outcome (p > .05).ConclusionsWe demonstrated adequate internal consistency and evidence for validity of a brief metacognition questionnaire. The questionnaire may provide a useful adjunct to memory and functional assessments for assessing anosognosia in elderly populations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical modeling of pulse artefact sources in simultaneous EEG/fMRI
Authors: Yan Winston X. , Mullinger Karen J. , Geirsdottir Gerda B. , Bowtell Richard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe collection of electroencephalography (EEG) data during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is impeded by large artefacts in the EEG recordings, with the pulse artefact (PA) being particularly challenging because of its persistence even after application of artefact correction algorithms. Despite several possible causes of the PA having been hypothesized, few studies have rigorously quantified the contributions from the different putative sources. This article presents analytic expressions and simulations describing two possible sources of the PA corresponding to different movements in the strong static field of the MR scanner: cardiac‐pulse‐driven head rotation and blood‐flow‐induced Hall voltages. Models of head rotation about a left–right axis and flow in a deep artery running in the anterior–posterior direction reproduced properties of the PA including the left/right spatial variation of polarity. Of these two sources, head rotation was shown to be the most likely source of the PA with simulated magnitudes of >200 μV being generated at 3 T, similar to the in vivo PA magnitudes, for an angular velocity of just 0.5°/s. Smaller artefact voltages of less than 10 μV were calculated for flow in a model artery with physical characteristics similar to the internal carotid artery. A deeper physical understanding of the PA is a key step in working toward production of higher fidelity EEG/fMRI data: analytic expressions for the artefact voltages can guide a redesign of the wiring layout on EEG caps to minimize intrinsic artefact pickup, while simulated artefact maps could be incorporated into selective filters. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unbiased group‐level statistical assessment of independent component maps by means of automated retrospective matching
Authors: Langers Dave R.M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis report presents and validates a method for the group‐level statistical assessment of independent component analysis (ICA) outcomes. The method is based on a matching of individual component maps to corresponding aggregate maps that are obtained from concatenated data. Group‐level statistics are derived that include an explicit correction for selection bias. Outcomes were validated by means of calculations with artificial null data. Although statistical inferences were found to be incorrect if bias was neglected, the use of the proposed bias correction sufficed to obtain valid results. This was further confirmed by extensive calculations with artificial data that contained known effects of interest. While uncorrected statistical assessments systematically violated the imposed confidence level thresholds, the corrected method was never observed to exceed the allowed false positive rate. Yet, bias correction was found to result in a reduced sensitivity and a moderate decrease in discriminatory power. The method was also applied to analyze actual fMRI data. Various effects of interest that were detectable in the aggregate data were similarly revealed by the retrospective matching method. In particular, stimulus‐related responses were extensive. Nevertheless, differences were observed regarding their spatial distribution. The presented findings indicate that the proposed method is suitable for neuroimaging analyses. Finally, a number of generalizations are discussed. It is concluded that the proposed method provides a framework that may supplement many of the currently available group ICA methods with validated unbiased group inferences. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct and shared cerebral activations in processing innocuous versus noxious contact heat revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tseng Ming‐Tsung , Tseng Wen‐Yih I. , Chao Chi‐Chao , Lin Huai‐En , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWhether innocuous heat (IH)‐exclusive brain regions exist and whether patterns of cerebral responses to IH and noxious heat (NH) stimulations are similar remain elusive. We hypothesized that distinct and shared cerebral networks were evoked by each type of stimulus. Twelve normal subjects participated in a functional MRI study with rapidly ramped IH (38°C) and NH (44°C) applied to the foot. Group activation maps demonstrated three patterns of cerebral activation: (1) IH‐responsive only in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL); (2) NH‐responsive only in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), posterior insular cortex (IC), and premotor area (PMA); and (3) both IH‐ and NH‐responsive in the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), anterior IC, cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), lentiform nucleus (LN), and midbrain. According to the temporal analysis of regions of interest, the IPL exclusively responded to IH, and the S2, posterior IC, and PMA were exclusively activated by NH throughout the entire period of stimulation. The IFG, thalamus, ACC, and LN responded differently during different phases of IH versus NH stimulation, and the NH‐responsive‐only S1 responded transiently during the early phase of IH stimulation. BOLD signals in bilateral IPLs were specifically correlated with the ratings of IH sensation, while responses in the contralateral S1 and S2 were correlated with pain intensity. These results suggest that distinct and shared spatial and temporal patterns of cerebral networks are responsible for the perception of IH and NH. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel cancer vaccine based on genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2
Authors: Xiong Guosheng , Husseiny Mohamed I. , Song Liping , Erdreich‐Epstein Anat , Shackleford Gregory M. , Seeger Robert C. , Jäckel Daniela , Hensel Michael , Metelitsa Leonid S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough tumors express potentially immunogenic tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs), cancer vaccines often fail because of inadequate antigen delivery and/or insufficient activation of innate immunity. Engineering nonpathogenic bacterial vectors to deliver TAAs of choice may provide an efficient way of presenting TAAs in an immunogenic form. In this study, we used genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) to construct a novel cancer vaccine in which a TAA, survivin, was fused to SseF effector protein and placed under control of SsrB, the central regulator of SPI2 gene expression. This construct uses the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Salmonella and allows preferential delivery of tumor antigen into the cytosol of antigen‐presenting cells for optimal immunogenicity. In a screen of a panel of attenuated strains of Salmonella, we found that a double attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium, MvP728 (purD/htrA), was not toxic to mice and effectively expressed and translocated survivin protein inside the cytosol of murine macrophages. We also found that a ligand for CD1d‐reactive natural killer T (NKT) cells, α‐glucuronosylceramide (GSL1), enhanced MvP728‐induced interleukin‐12 production in human dendritic cells and that in vivo coadministration of a NKT ligand with MvP728‐Llo or MvP728‐survivin enhanced effector‐memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Furthermore, combined use of MvP728‐survivin with GSL1 produced antitumor activity in mouse models of CT26 colon carcinoma and orthotopic DBT glioblastoma. Therefore, the use of TAA delivery via SPI‐2‐regulated T3SS of Salmonella and NKT ligands as adjuvants may provide a foundation for new cancer vaccines.
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 silencing by DNA hypermethylation possesses tumor suppressor function in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Chi‐Sheng , Lu Yen‐Jung , Li Hsin‐Pai , Hsueh Chuen , Lu Chang‐Yi , Leu Yu‐Wei , Liu Hao‐Ping , Lin Kwang‐Huei , Hui‐Ming Huang Tim , Chang Yu‐Sun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation is considered a major mechanism for silencing tumor suppressor genes in gastric cancer. We used CpG microarray and differential methylation hybridization strategies to identify potential tumor suppressor genes and recovered glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 (GRIK2) as a novel epigenetic target in gastric cancer. Additional experiments showed that the promoter region of GRIK2 was hypermethylated in 3 of the 4 tested gastric cancer cell lines, and its expression was restored by treatment of cells with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5′‐aza‐dC. In clinical samples, the GRIK2 promoter was differentially hypermethylated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001), and this methylation was inversely correlated with the expression level of GRIK2 mRNA (r = −0.44). Functional studies further showed that GRIK2‐expressing gastric cancer cell lines showed decreased colony formation and cell migration. Taken together, these results suggest that GRIK2 may play a tumor‐suppressor role in gastric cancer. Future studies are warranted to examine whether DNA hypermethylation of the GRIK2 promoter can be used as a potential tumor marker for gastric cancer.
Monitoring of glucose permeability in monkey skin in vivo using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ghosn Mohamad G. , Sudheendran Narendran , Wendt Mark , Glasser Adrian , Tuchin Valery V. , Larin Kirill V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTopical trans‐dermal delivery of drugs has proven to be a promising route for treatment of many dermatological diseases. The aim of this study is to monitor and quantify the permeability rate of glucose solutions in rhesus monkey skin noninvasively in vivo as a primate model for drug diffusion. A time‐domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system was used to image the diffusion of glucose in the skin of anesthetized monkeys for which the permeability rate was calculated. From 5 experiments on 4 different monkeys, the permeability for glucose‐20% was found to be (4.41 ± 0.28) 10–6 cm/sec. The results suggest that OCT might be utilized for the noninvasive study of molecular diffusion in the multilayered biological tissues in vivo. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ORAC: A molecular dynamics simulation program to explore free energy surfaces in biomolecular systems at the atomistic level
Authors: Marsili Simone , Signorini Giorgio Federico , Chelli Riccardo , Marchi Massimo , Procacci Piero 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present the new release of the ORAC engine (Procacci et al., Comput Chem 1997, 18, 1834), a FORTRAN suite to simulate complex biosystems at the atomistic level. The previous release of the ORAC code included multiple time steps integration, smooth particle mesh Ewald method, constant pressure and constant temperature simulations. The present release has been supplemented with the most advanced techniques for enhanced sampling in atomistic systems including replica exchange with solute tempering, metadynamics and steered molecular dynamics. All these computational technologies have been implemented for parallel architectures using the standard MPI communication protocol. ORAC is an open‐source program distributed free of charge under the GNU general public license (GPL) at http://www.chim.unifi.it/orac. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Primitive symmetric designs with prime power number of points
Authors: Braić Snježana , Golemac Anka , Mandić Joško , Vučičić Tanja 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we either prove the non‐existence or give explicit construction of primitive symmetric (v, k, λ) designs with v=pm<2500, p prime and m>1. The method of design construction is based on an automorphism group action; non‐existence results additionally include the theory of difference sets, multiplier theorems in particular. The research involves programming and wide‐range computations. We make use of software package GAP and the library of primitive groups which it contains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 141–154, 2010
Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review
Authors: Tsolaki Efi , Diamadopoulos Evan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInvasive aquatic species discharged through ballast water is one of the most serious problems posed nowadays in the marine environment. This review paper summarizes the available technologies applied for ballast water treatment. These technologies can be either port‐based or ship‐based, with the latter being easier to implement. Special emphasis was given to onboard treatment methods, which can be categorized as physical separation, mechanical or chemical methods. The efficiency of the methods, as well as the capacity of application and the target microorganisms were compiled and are presented in this review. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural determination of glucosylceramides isolated from marine sponge by fast atom bombardment collision‐induced dissociation linked scan at constant B/E
Authors: Ahn Young Min , Lee Won‐Woong , Jung Jee H. , Lee Sang‐Gi , Hong Jongki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFive glucosylceramides (GlcCers) were isolated by reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography from the MeOH extracts of a marine sponge, Haliclona (Reniera) sp., collected from the coast of Ulleung Island, Korea, and analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB–MS) in positive‐ion mode. FAB‐mass spectra of these compounds included protonated molecules [M + H]+ and abundant sodiated molecules [M + Na]+ from a mixture of m‐NBA and NaI. The structures of these GlcCers, which were similar, were elucidated by FAB‐linked scan at constant B/E. To find diagnostic ions for their characterization, the GlcCers were analyzed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) linked scan at constant B/E. The CID‐linked scan at constant B/E of [M + H]+ and [M + Na]+ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic product ions via a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by charge‐remote fragmentation provided important information for the characterization of the fatty N‐acyl chain moiety and the sphingoid base, commonly referred to as the long‐chain base. The product ions at m/z 203 and 502 were diagnostic for the presence of a sodiated sugar ring and β‐D‐glucosylsphinganine, respectively. For further confirmation of the structure of the fatty N‐acyl chain moiety in each GlcCer, fatty acid methyl esters were obtained from the five GlcCers by methanolysis and analyzed by FAB–MS in positive‐ion mode. On the basis of these dissociation patterns, the structures of the five GlcCers from marine sponge were elucidated. In addition, the accurate mass measurement was performed to obtain the elemental composition of the GlcCers isolated from marine sponge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low affinity NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) inhibitory antibody reduces pain behavior and CGRP expression in DRG in the mouse sciatic nerve crush model
Authors: Fukui Yu , Ohtori Seiji , Yamashita Masaomi , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Inoue Gen , Suzuki Munetaka , Orita Sumihisa , Eguchi Yawara , Ochiai Nobuyasu , Kishida Shunji , Takaso Masashi , Wakai Ken , Hayashi Yasushi , Aoki Yasuchika , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) and its low‐affinity receptor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), are important mediators of pain. To explore further the mechanisms involved, we examined suppression of pain behavior and expression of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) using a p75 NTR inhibitory antibody, in a mouse sciatic nerve crush model. In the nerve‐injured model, 150 µg of a p75 NTR inhibitory antibody or 10 µl of saline were applied. The sciatic nerve in the sham‐operated group was uninjured. Mechanical allodynia was measured for 2 weeks. CGRP and p75NTR expression in L5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) was examined immunohistochemically. Mechanical allodynia was found in the two nerve injured groups, but not in the sham‐operated group (p < 0.05). However, the magnitude of the mechanical allodynia was significantly decreased after application of p75 NTR inhibitory antibody (p < 0.05). CGRP and p75NTR immunoreactivity in the L5 DRG neurons was upregulated in the injured nerve groups compared with the sham‐operated group; however, p75 NTR inhibitory antibody decreased the CGRP and p75NTR expression (p < 0.01). Application of the p75 NTR inhibitory antibody to the pinched sciatic nerve suppressed CGRP and p75NTR expression and pain behavior. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:279–283, 2010
Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Deckert V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy deals with the advances of Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) since its experimental verification about 10 years ago. The contributed papers reflect a snapshot of current research related to experimental, theoretical and, last but not least, application‐oriented advances in this field. The contributions highlight the fact that TERS is a very active field of research and, while the rewards with respect to lateral resolution and detection limits are intriguing, great care is necessary to avoid the pitfalls related either to the experimental design or to the interpretation of data. This special issue intends to provide the basis for a further step towards a standardised approach to TERS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Rayleigh, Raman and two‐photon excited fluorescence spectral confocal microscopy of living cells
Authors: Pully Vishnu Vardhan , Lenferink Aufried , Otto Cees 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA hybrid fluorescence–Raman confocal microscopy platform is presented, which integrates low‐wavenumber‐resolution Raman imaging, Rayleigh scatter imaging and two‐photon fluorescence (TPE) spectral imaging, fast ‘amplitude‐only’ TPE‐fluorescence imaging and high‐spectral‐resolution Raman imaging. This multi‐dimensional fluorescence–Raman microscopy platform enables rapid imaging along the fluorescence emission and/or Rayleigh scatter dimensions. It is shown that optical contrast in these images can be used to select an area of interest prior to subsequent investigation with high spatially and spectrally resolved Raman imaging. This new microscopy platform combines the strengths of Raman ‘chemical’ imaging with light scattering microscopy and fluorescence microscopy and provides new modes of correlative light microscopy. Simultaneous acquisition of TPE hyperspectral fluorescence imaging and Raman imaging illustrates spatial relationships of fluorophores, water, lipid and protein in cells. The fluorescence–Raman microscope is demonstrated in an application to living human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐temperature Raman spectra of racemate DL‐Alanine crystals
Authors: Lima J. A. , Freire P. T. C. , Melo F. E. A. , Filho J. Mendes , De Sousa G. P. , Lima R. J. C. , Façanha Filho P. F. , Bordallo H. N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRaman spectra of DL‐Alanine crystals were investigated in the 50–3200 cm−1 spectral region for temperatures ranging from 15 to 295 K. The crystalline structure of DL‐Alanine represents a rare example of an amino acid racemate crystallizing in a non‐centrosymmetric space group. From this study, we have observed changes in the wavenumber of modes associated with both rocking of CO2− and skeletal vibrations. On the other hand, neither changes in the modes associated to CH or CH3 vibrations nor substantial modifications of the lattice modes of the crystal were observed. Such result indicates slight changes of the CO2 group orientation without observation of a solid–solid phase transition in the DL‐Alanine crystal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.