bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amperometric Ethanol Biosensor Based on Integration of Alcohol Dehydrogenase with Meldola's Blue/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Electrode
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyan , Zhu Liande , Yang Dongxu , Mao Xuyan , Wu Yanhui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn amperometric ethanol biosensor was fabricated by integration of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with meldola's blue (MB)/ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (MB/OMC/GCE). The MB/OMC/GCE was highly sensitive for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) measurement (9.1±0.25 μA/mM) and gave a low detection limit of 0.21±0.02 μM. The ethanol biosensor exhibited a wide linear range up to 6 mM with a lower detection limit of 19.1±0.58 μM as well as a high sensitivity of 34.58±2.43 nA/mM without suffering any interference from some common electroactive compounds.
Suppression of the mouse double minute 4 gene causes changes in cell cycle control in a human mesothelial cell line responsive to ultraviolet radiation exposure
Authors: Bunderson‐Schelvan Melisa , Erbe Amy K. , Schwanke Corbin , Pershouse Mark A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancer identified to date. However, TP53 mutations are rare in human mesotheliomas, as well as in many other types of cancer, suggesting that aberrant TP53 function may be due to alterations in its regulatory pathways. Mouse double minute 4 (MDM4) has been shown to be a key regulator of TP53 activity, both independently as well as in concert with its structural homolog, Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2). The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of MDM4 suppression on TP53 and other proteins involved in cell cycle control before and after ultraviolet (UV) exposure in MeT5a cells, a nonmalignant human mesothelial line. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to investigate the impact of MDM4 on TP53 function and cellular transcription. Suppression of MDM4 was confirmed by Western blot. MDM4 suppressed cells were analyzed for cell cycle changes with and without exposure to UV. Changes in cell growth as well as differences in the regulation of direct transcriptional targets of TP53, CDKN1A (cyclin‐dependent kinase 1α, p21) and BAX, suggest a shift from cell cycle arrest to apoptosis upon increasing UV exposure. These results demonstrate the importance of MDM4in cell cycle regulation as well as a possible role inthe pathogenesis of mesothelioma‐type cancers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Average sand particle trajectory examined by the Raindrop Detachment and Wind‐driven Transport (RD‐WDT) process
Authors: Erpul G. , Gabriels D. , Cornelis W. M. , Samray H. , Guzelordu T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent studies of soil loss by the integrated action of raindrop impact and wind transport have demonstrated the significance of this mechanism. This paper presents data obtained during wind‐tunnel experiments examining the ‘Raindrop Detachment and Wind‐driven Transport’ (RD‐WDT) process to investigate average sand particle trajectory and the spatial extent at which the process operates. In the experimental design, at the same time as the horizontal wind velocities of 6·4, 10, and 12 m s–1 passed through the tunnel, rainfall was simulated falling on very well sorted dune sand. The aspect and slope of the sand bed was varied to reproduce both windward (Ww) and leeward (Lw) slopes of 4º and 9º with respect to the prevailing wind direction. The average sand particle trajectories by the RD‐WDT process ($\bar X_{RD-WDT}$) were estimated by a mass‐distribution function, which was integrated over a 7‐m uniform slope segment. The results showed that $\bar X_{RD-WDT}$ depended statistically upon the wind shear velocity (u*), and the effect of the slope gradient (θ) was insignificant on $\bar X_{RD-WDT}$. This was different from that of the windless rain process ($\bar X_{RD-ST}$), ‘Raindrop Detachment and Splash‐driven Transport’ (RD‐ST), the spatial range of which relies strongly on θ. Additionally, $\bar X_{RD-WDT}$ was approximately 2·27 ± 2·2 times greater than the average path of a typical saltating sand particle of the rainless wind ($\bar X_{WZ-ST}$), ‘Wind Erosion Saltation Transport’ (WE‐ST). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compression Properties and Leakage Tests of Mica‐Based Seals for SOFC Stacks
Authors: Rautanen M. , Himanen O. , Saarinen V. , Kiviaho J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSealing properties and compression properties of two mica‐based materials, Thermiculite 866 and Statotherm HT were measured. Thermiculite 866 was tested in two forms: as‐made and precompressed (consolidated). Sealing tests were carried out at 800 °C with simulated fuel cell anode gas. Seals were pressed to a constant thickness, which represents the conditions in fuel cell stacks. Both seals showed stable leak rates over test periods of roughly 400 h. Leak rates of Thermiculite 866 samples were found to be independent of the hydrogen overpressure within the measurement accuracy in the pressure range of 10–100 mbar(g). However, a Statotherm HT gasket tested with lower compression stress compared to Thermiculite 866 gaskets showed roughly linear dependency on the overpressure. Compression tests were carried out at room temperature and at 800 °C. Compression properties of both materials were found to strongly depend on temperature. Both materials experienced swelling when heated to 800 °C and were more ductile compared to room temperature.
World psychiatric association section of old age psychiatry consensus statement on ethics and capacity in older people with mental disorders
Authors: Katona C. , Chiu E. , Adelman S. , Baloyannis S. , Camus V. , Firmino H. , Gove D. , Graham N. , Ghebrehiwet T. , Icelli I. , Ihl R. , Kalasic A. , Leszek L. , Kim S. , Lima C. de M. , Peisah C. , Tataru N. , Warner J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Section of Old Age Psychiatry, since 1997, has developed Consensus Statements relevant to the practice of Old Age Psychiatry. Since 2006 the Section has worked to develop a Consensus Statement on Ethics and Capacity in older people with mental disorders, which was completed in Prague, September 2008, prior to the World Congress in Psychiatry. This Consensus meets one of the goals of the WPA Action Plan 2008–2011, ”to promote the highest ethical standards in psychiatric practice and advocate the rights of persons with mental disorders in all regions of the world“. This Consensus Statement offers to mental health clinicians caring for older people with mental disorders, caregivers, other health professionals and the general public the setting out of and discourse in ethical principles which can often be complex and challenging, supported by practical guidance in meeting such ethical needs and standards, and to encouraged good clinical practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curcumin sensitizes human colorectal cancer to capecitabine by modulation of cyclin D1, COX‐2, MMP‐9, VEGF and CXCR4 expression in an orthotopic mouse model
Authors: Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Diagaradjane Parmeswaran , Anand Preetha , Kuzhuvelil Harikumar B. , Deorukhkar Amit , Gelovani Juri , Guha Sushovan , Krishnan Sunil , Aggarwal Bharat B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBecause of the poor prognosis and the development of resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs, the current treatment for advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is ineffective. Whether curcumin (a component of turmeric) can potentiate the effect of capecitabine against growth and metastasis of CRC was investigated. The effect of curcumin on proliferation of CRC cell lines was examined by mitochondrial dye‐uptake assay, apoptosis by esterase staining, nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and gene expression by Western blot analysis. The effect of curcumin on the growth and metastasis of CRC was also examined in orthotopically implanted tumors in nude mice. In vitro, curcumin inhibited the proliferation of human CRC cell lines, potentiated capecitabine‐induced apoptosis, inhibited NF‐κB activation and suppressed NF‐κB‐regulated gene products. In nude mice, the combination of curcumin and capecitabine was found to be more effective than either agent alone in reducing tumor volume (p = 0.001 vs. control; p = 0.031 vs. capecitabine alone), Ki‐67 proliferation index (p = 0.001 vs. control) and microvessel density marker CD31. The combination treatment was also highly effective in suppressing ascites and distant metastasis to the liver, intestines, lungs, rectum and spleen. This effect was accompanied by suppressed expression of activated NF‐κB and NF‐κB‐regulated gene products (cyclin D1,c‐myc, bcl‐2, bcl‐xL, cIAP‐1, COX‐2, ICAM‐1, MMP‐9, CXCR4 and VEGF). Overall, our results suggest that curcumin sensitizes CRC to the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of capecitabine by suppressing NF‐κB cell signaling pathway. © 2009 UICC
Understanding the mechanism of the dormant dauer formation of C. elegans: From genetics to biochemistry
Authors: Wang Yunbiao , Ezemaduka Anastasia N. , Tang Yan , Chang Zengyi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDauer is a dormancy state that may occur at the end of developmental stage L1 or L2 of Caenorhabditis elegans when the environmental conditions are unfavorable (e.g., lack of food, high temperature, or overcrowding) for further growth. Dauer is a nonaging duration that does not affect the postdauer adult lifespan. Major molecular events would include the sensing of the environmental cues, the transduction of the signals into the cells, and the subsequent integration of the signals that result in the corresponding alteration of the metabolism and morphology of the organism. Genetics approach has been effectively used in identifying many of the so‐called daf genes involved in dauer formation using C. elegans as the model. Nevertheless, biochemical studies at the protein and metabolic level has been lacking behind in understanding this important life phenomenon. This review focuses on the biochemical understanding so far achieved on dauer formation and dormancy in general, as well as important issues that need to be addressed in the future. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 607–612, 2009
Protein thermodynamic structure
Authors: Zhao Qinyi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProtein research is generally recognized as experimental science and knowledge of protein science is not constructed axiomatically. In this article, we show that much of our present knowledge of protein science is explainable by principles of protein thermodynamic structure theory. A deductive system for protein knowledge has been developed and several fundamental questions of protein science can be theoretically resolved. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 600–606, 2009
Tax1 enhances cancer cell proliferation via Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Song Chunjiao , Wang Weimin , Li Meng , Liu Yanxin , Zheng Dexian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractErbin is an ErbB2 binding protein, which belongs to the LAP (leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) and PDZ domain) protein family. We previously reported that Tax1, a protein of the human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I), associated with Erbin by using Erbin PDZ domain as a bait to screen a human T lymphocyte cDNA library by a yeast two hybrid strategy. In the present study, we demonstrated that Tax1 enhances cancer cell proliferation via Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK signaling pathway by using molecular section strategy. The pull‐down assay showed that the four amino acid domain, that is, Tax1 350–353, might specifically interact with Erbin, but not any other Tax1 deletion mutants. The coimmunoprecipitation assay confirmed that Tax1 350–353 domain bound with Erbin in vivo. Functional study demonstrated that overexpresssion of Tax1 in cancer cell lines of liver cancer SMMC‐7721, colon cancer HCT‐116, and breast cancer MCF‐7 facilitated the cell proliferation. And the transfection of Tax1 353 in MCF‐7 cells with endogenous Erbin expression markedly increased phosphorylation of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, PI3K, and IκBα, suggesting that Tax1‐enhanced cell proliferation tracks Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK signaling pathway. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 685–692, 2009
Protein folding simulations: From coarse‐grained model to all‐atom model
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Wenfei , Wang Jun , Qin Meng , Wu Lei , Yan Zhiqiang , Xu Weixin , Zuo Guanghong , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProtein folding is an important and challenging problem in molecular biology. During the last two decades, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has proved to be a paramount tool and was widely used to study protein structures, folding kinetics and thermodynamics, and structure–stability–function relationship. It was also used to help engineering and designing new proteins, and to answer even more general questions such as the minimal number of amino acid or the evolution principle of protein families. Nowadays, the MD simulation is still undergoing rapid developments. The first trend is to toward developing new coarse‐grained models and studying larger and more complex molecular systems such as protein–protein complex and their assembling process, amyloid related aggregations, and structure and motion of chaperons, motors, channels and virus capsides; the second trend is toward building high resolution models and explore more detailed and accurate pictures of protein folding and the associated processes, such as the coordination bond or disulfide bond involved folding, the polarization, charge transfer and protonate/deprotonate process involved in metal coupled folding, and the ion permeation and its coupling with the kinetics of channels. On these new territories, MD simulations have given many promising results and will continue to offer exciting views. Here, we review several new subjects investigated by using MD simulations as well as the corresponding developments of appropriate protein models. These include but are not limited to the attempt to go beyond the topology based Gō‐like model and characterize the energetic factors in protein structures and dynamics, the study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of disulfide bond involved protein folding, the modeling of the interactions between chaperonin and the encapsulated protein and the protein folding under this circumstance, the effort to clarify the important yet still elusive folding mechanism of protein BBL, the development of discrete MD and its application in studying the α–β conformational conversion and oligomer assembling process, and the modeling of metal ion involved protein folding. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(6): 627–643, 2009
Plasminogen activator inhibitors regulate cell adhesion through a uPAR‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Czekay Ralf‐Peter , Loskutoff David J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBinding of type‐1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) to cell surface urokinase (uPA) promotes inactivation and internalization of adhesion receptors (e.g., urokinase receptor (uPAR), integrins) and leads to cell detachment from a variety of extracellular matrices. In this report, we begin to examine the mechanism of this process. We show that neither specific antibodies to uPA, nor active site inhibitors of uPA, can detach the cells. Thus, cell detachment is not simply the result of the binding of macromolecules to uPA and/or of the inactivation of uPA. We further demonstrate that another uPA inhibitor, protease nexin‐1 (PN‐1), also stimulates cell detachment in a uPA/uPAR‐dependent manner. The binding of both inhibitors to uPA leads to the specific inactivation of the matrix‐engaged integrins and the subsequent detachment of these integrins from the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). This inhibitor‐mediated inactivation of integrins requires direct interaction between uPAR and those integrins since cells attached to the ECM through integrins incapable of binding uPAR do not respond to the presence of either PAI‐1 of PN‐1. Although both inhibitors initiate the clearance of uPAR, only PAI‐1 triggers the internalization of integrins. However, cell detachment by PAI‐1 or PN‐1 does not depend on the endocytosis of these integrins since cell detachment was also observed when clearance of these integrins was blocked. Thus, PAI‐1 and PN‐1 induce cell detachment through two slightly different mechanisms that affect integrin metabolism. These differences may be important for distinct cellular processes that require controlled changes in the subcellular localization of these receptors. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 655–663, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved arterial visibility using short‐tau inversion‐recovery (STIR) fat suppression in non‐contrast‐enhanced time–spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time‐SLIP) renal MR angiography (MRA)
Authors: Shonai Takaharu , Takahashi Tadashi , Ikeguchi Hiroaki , Miyazaki Mitsue , Amano Kiyoka , Yui Masao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether short‐tau inversion‐recovery (STIR) fat suppression is worthwhile in non‐contrast‐enhanced respiration‐triggered free‐breathing time–spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time‐SLIP) renal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) compared with chemical shift selective (CHESS) fat suppression.Materials and MethodsSimulation‐based analyses of inversion time (TI) for spatial‐selective inversion‐recovery (ssIR) pulse and breathing rate were performed, and confirmed on a phantom and in human subjects using a three‐dimensional (3D) coherent steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence on a 1.5T Toshiba scanner.ResultsThe STIR fat suppression successfully suppressed signals from the intestines and parenchymous organs and provided better contrast between the arteries and the background, although an extension of TI was required for the ssIR pulse when a patient's respiration was extremely slow.ConclusionSTIR fat suppression provides better renal artery contrast than CHESS fat suppression in non‐contrast free‐breathing Time‐SLIP MRA; it is also an effective screening tool for renal artery stenosis because of the lack of interference from intestinal signals. However, close attention is needed if the patient has slow respiration. As the TI for the ssIR pulse decreases, the STIR method requires faster‐paced respiration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1471–1477. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR study of postnatal development of myocardial structure and left ventricular function
Authors: Wu Yin , Wu Ed X. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate postnatal development of left ventricular (LV) cardiac function and myocardium structure.Materials and MethodsIn vivo cardiac MR and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed in normal Sprague‐Dawley rats at postnatal day 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 (N = 6 per group).ResultsMorphologically, LV size increased with age. Functionally, stroke volume and cardiac output increased. Heart rate increased gradually and became stable after day 14. On average, ejection fraction increased within the first 4 days, decreased at day 7, gradually increased until day 21, and became stable afterward. Structurally, double‐helical myocardial structure was found as early as day 2. Myocardial fiber parameters, described by fractional anisotropy, mean apparent diffusion coefficient, and axial diffusivity, increased within the first 4 days. Then radial diffusivity increased until day 7 while other parameters decreased up to day 56.ConclusionPostnatal heart development was documented by MRI. DTI findings are in agreement with the two known stages of early postnatal growth: hyperplasia and hypertrophy. These results can serve as the baselines for study of postnatal heart developmental abnormalities. They also demonstrate the ability of DTI to reveal microstructural alterations in myocardium. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:47–53. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastable atom‐activated dissociation mass spectrometry: leucine/isoleucine differentiation and ring cleavage of proline residues
Authors: Cook Shannon L. , Collin Olivier L. , Jackson Glen P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtensive backbone fragmentation resulting in a‐, b‐, c‐, x‐, y‐ and z‐type ions is observed of singly and doubly charged peptide ions through their interaction with a high kinetic energy beam of argon or helium metastable atoms in a modified quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The ability to determine phosphorylation‐sites confirms the observation with previous reports and we report the new ability to distinguish between leucine and isoleucine residues and the ability to cleave two covalent bonds of the proline ring resulting in a‐, b‐, x‐, y‐, z‐ and w‐type ions. The fragmentation spectra indicate that fragmentation occurs through nonergodic radical ion chemistry akin to electron capture dissociation (ECD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and electron ionization dissociation mechanisms. However, metastable atom‐activated dissociation mass spectrometry demonstrates three apparent benefits to ECD and ETD: (1) the ability to fragment singly charged precursor ions, (2) the ability to fragment negatively charged ions and (3) the ability to cleave the proline ring that requires the cleavage of two covalent bonds. Helium metastable atoms generated more fragment ions than argon metastable atoms for both substance P and bradykinin regardless of the precursor ion charge state. Reaction times less than 250 ms and efficiencies approaching 5% are compatible with on‐line fragmentation, as would be desirable for bottom‐up proteomics applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proliferation deficits and gene expression dysregulation in Down's syndrome (Ts1Cje) neural progenitor cells cultured from neurospheres
Authors: Moldrich Randal X. , Dauphinot Luce , Laffaire Julien , Vitalis Tania , Hérault Yann , Beart Philip M. , Rossier Jean , Vivien Denis , Gehrig Corinne , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Lyle Robert , Potier Marie‐Claude 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDown's syndrome neurophenotypes are characterized by mental retardation and a decreased brain volume. To identify whether deficits in proliferation could be responsible for this phenotype, neural progenitor cells were isolated from the developing E14 neocortex of Down's syndrome partial trisomy Ts1Cje mice and euploid (WT) littermates and grown as neurospheres. Ts1Cje neural progenitors proliferated at a slower rate, because of a longer cell cycle, and a greater number of cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. An increase in cell death was also noted. Gene expression profiles of neural progenitor cells from Ts1Cje and WT showed that 54% of triploid genes had expression ratios (Ts1Cje/WT) significantly greater than the expected diploid gene ratio of 1.0. Some diploid genes associated with proliferation, differentiation, and glial function were dysregulated. Interestingly, proliferation and gene expression dysregulation detected in the Ts1Cje mice did not require overexpression of the chromosome 21 genes amyloid precursor protein (App) and soluble superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.