bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐step isolation of γ‐oryzanol from rice bran oil by non‐aqueous hydrostatic countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Angelis Apostolis , Urbain Aurélie , Halabalaki Maria , Aligiannis Nektarios , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe value‐added γ‐oryzanol was purified in one step from crude rice bran oil (RBO) using a preparative hydrostatic countercurrent chromatography (hydrostatic CCC) method, operating in the dual mode. The fractionation was performed using a non‐aqueous biphasic solvent system consisting of heptane–acetonitrile–butanol (1.8:1.4:0.7, v/v/v), leading rapidly to the target compounds. Transfer of the analytical CCC method to large‐scale isolation was also carried out yielding a high quantity‐high purity fraction of γ‐oryzanol. In addition, a fraction of hydroxylated triterpene alcohol ferulates (polar γ‐oryzanol) was clearly separated and obtained. Furthermore, a fast HPLC‐APCI(±)‐HRMS method was developed and applied for the identification of γ‐oryzanol as well as the polar γ‐oryzanol in RBO and the resulting fractions. The purity of γ‐oryzanol fraction was estimated as 97% based on HPLC‐APCI‐HRMS analysis.
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on magnetic carbon nanotube for the determination of estrogens in milk
Authors: Ding Jun , Gao Qiang , Li Xiao‐Shui , Huang Wei , Shi Zhi‐Guo , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this work, a novel method for the fabrication of magnetic carbon nanotubes based on ‘aggregation wrap’ was proposed. When carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles were vortically mixed in a solvent, the magnetic nanoparticles were wrapped into the carbon nanotube bundles that formed during the aggregation process, leading to the formation of magnetic carbon nanotubes. Thus, the resultant material can be separated from the solvent rapidly and conveniently by a magnet. Our investigation demonstrated that the ‘aggregation wrap’ mechanism for the preparation of magnetic composite is also applicable to other self‐aggregated micro/nanomaterials, including graphene, graphite, C60, etc. To testify the feasibility of the magnetic composites in sample preparation, the resultant magnetic carbon nanotubes were applied as sorbents for magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) of estrogens in milk samples. Under optimized conditions, a rapid, convenient and efficient method for the determination of estrogens in milk samples was established by the combination of MSPE with high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. The linearity range of the proposed method was 5–2000 μg/L with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.9983–0.9994. The limit of detection (LOD) for three estrogens ranged from 1.21 to 2.35 μg/L. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <9.3%. The reproducibility of the MSPE with different batches of magnetic carbon nanotubes was acceptable with RSD values <3.6%.
Behavioral and molecular genetics of dissociation: The role of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR)
Authors: Pieper Suzanne , Out Dorothée , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the role of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) in the etiology of dissociation. Adult twin pairs (N = 184 pairs; mean age 33.0 years, SD = 10.8) completed measures for dissociation and trauma. The DNA samples were genotyped for 5‐HTTLPR adjusted for rs25531 alleles. Behavioral genetic analyses showed that genetic factors explained 45% of the variance in dissociative symptoms, while 55% of the variance was explained by unique environment and measurement error. Participants with the SS genotype of 5‐HTTLPR reported more dissociative symptoms compared to participants with the other genotypes (p = .02), and they showed more pathological dissociative symptoms than the other participants (p = .04) when they reported more depressive symptoms and when they had experienced trauma.
On the causes of pressure oscillations in low‐permeable and low‐compressible porous media
Authors: Haga Joachim Berdal , Osnes Harald , Langtangen Hans Petter 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYNonphysical pressure oscillations are observed in finite element calculations of Biot's poroelastic equations in low‐permeable media. These pressure oscillations may be understood as a failure of compatibility between the finite element spaces, rather than elastic locking. We present evidence to support this view by comparing and contrasting the pressure oscillations in low‐permeable porous media with those in low‐compressible porous media. As a consequence, it is possible to use established families of stable mixed elements as candidates for choosing finite element spaces for Biot's equations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐mechanism elastoplastic model for shakedown of unbound granular materials and DEM simulations
Authors: Chazallon Cyrille , Koval Georg , Mouhoubi Saida 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAn elastoplastic model has been developed for the finite elements modelling of repeated load triaxial tests. This model is based on the shakedown theory established by Zarka for metallic structures. To the previous works, which were based on the Drucker–Prager yield surface and the plastic potential of Von Mises, a compression cap has been added to each one. The model straightforwardly determines the purely elastic state or the elastic shakedown state or the plastic shakedown state and calculates the deviatoric and the volumetric plastic strains. The calibration of the elastoplastic model has been carried out with DEM simulations and an unbound granular material for roads under repeated load triaxial tests using finite element method. The calculations underline the capabilities of the model to take into account, with a unique formalism, the accumulation of the deviatoric and volumetric plastic strains along the loading cycles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of ultimate capacity of driven piles in cohesionless soil: A Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline approach
Authors: Samui Pijush 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe determination of ultimate capacity (Q) of driven piles in cohesionless soil is an important task in geotechnical engineering. This article adopts Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) for prediction Q of driven piles in cohesionless soil. MARS uses length (L), angle of shear resistance of the soil around the shaft (ϕshaft), angle of shear resistance of the soil at the tip of the pile (ϕtip), area (A), and effective vertical stress at the tip of the pile as input variables. Q is the output of MARS. The results of MARS are compared with that of the Generalized Regression Neural Network model. An equation has been also presented based on the developed MARS. The results show the strong potential of MARS to be applied to geotechnical engineering as a regression tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple route to prepare pomegranate‐like polystyrene‐based microspheres with high porosity
Authors: Liu Qingquan , Duan Yingxiang , Shen Shaohua , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPomegranate‐like polystyrene‐based microspheres with high porosity were successfully prepared via a simple route involving two steps. The first step was the preparation of polystyrene‐based microspheres with multi‐cores and a non‐porous shell via suspension polymerization of divinylbenzene and vinylbenzyl chloride. Nitrogen sorption failed to characterize the pore structure of the microspheres because of the non‐porous shell, but the results of Hg intrusion indicated that the pore volume of the microspheres was 0.36 cm3 g−1. The second step was post crosslinking of the microspheres derived from the first step. Extensive porosity was generated in the shell and the pomegranate‐like structure of the microspheres remained almost unchanged. The results showed that the pore volumes of the final products derived from N2 sorption and Hg intrusion were 0.54 cm3 g−1 and 0.66 cm3 g−1, respectively. Overall, this provides a simple and feasible route to biomimetic preparation of pomegranate‐like polystyrene‐based microspheres with high porosity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Smoothing of PV power fluctuations by geographical dispersion
Authors: Marcos Javier , Marroyo Luis , Lorenzo Eduardo , García Miguel 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe quality and the reliability of the power generated by large grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) plants are negatively affected by the source characteristic variability. This paper deals with the smoothing of power fluctuations because of geographical dispersion of PV systems. The fluctuation frequency and the maximum fluctuation registered at a PV plant ensemble are analyzed to study these effects. We propose an empirical expression to compare the fluctuation attenuation because of both the size and the number of PV plants grouped. The convolution of single PV plants frequency distribution functions has turned out to be a successful tool to statistically describe the behavior of an ensemble of PV plants and determine their maximum output fluctuation. Our work is based on experimental 1‐s data collected throughout 2009 from seven PV plants, 20 MWp in total, separated between 6 and 360 km. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoimprinted Tio2 sol–gel passivating diffraction gratings for solar cell applications
Authors: Barbé Jérémy , Thomson Andrew Francis , Wang Er‐Chien , McIntosh Keith , Catchpole Kylie 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe report the fabrication and characterization of TiO2 sol–gel diffraction gratings on silicon substrates by using nanoimprint lithography. The gratings are homogeneous and free of defects and cover an area of 25 cm2. Minority carrier lifetimes of up to 900 µs for imprinted samples under illumination are reported, which Kelvin probe measurements indicate is due to light‐generated negative charge in the films. The structures reported here are very promising as light‐trapping, passivating coatings for solar cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auditory processing disorder: School psychologist beware?
Authors: Lovett Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn increasing number of students are being diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD), but the school psychology literature has largely neglected this controversial condition. This article reviews research on APD, revealing substantial concerns with assessment tools and diagnostic practices, as well as insufficient research regarding many claims about APD, including claims about popular interventions for the condition. Also discussed are the relationships between APD and other high‐incidence disability conditions that school psychologists work with frequently. The article concludes with concrete recommendations for school psychologists when faced with students who are referred for symptoms of APD, as well as strategies for determining services for students who present with an APD diagnosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructural and compositional analyses of GaN‐based nanostructures
Authors: Pretorius Angelika , Schmidt Thomas , Aschenbrenner Timo , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Kübel Christian , Müller Knut , Dartsch Heiko , Hommel Detlef , Falta Jens , Rosenauer Andreas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractComposition and microstructure of GaN‐based island structures and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We analysed free‐standing InGaN islands and islands capped with GaN. Growth of the islands performed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) resulted in different microstructures. The islands grown by MBE were plastically relaxed. Cap layer deposition resulted in a rapid dissolution of the islands already at early stages of cap layer growth. These findings are confirmed by grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD). In contrast, the islands grown by MOVPE relax only elastically.Strain state analysis (SSA) revealed that the indium concentration increases towards the tips of the islands. For an application as quantum dots, the islands must be embedded into DBRs. Structure and composition of AlyGa1–yN/GaN Bragg reflectors on top of an AlGaN buffer layer and InxAl1–xN/GaN Bragg reflectors on top of a GaN buffer layer were investigated. Specifically, structural defects such as threading dislocations (TDs) and inversion domains (IDs) were studied, and we investigated thicknesses, interfaces and interface roughnesses of the layers. As the peak reflectivities of the investigated DBRs do not reach the theoretical predictions, possible reasons are discussed.
Online solution of nonlinear two‐player zero‐sum games using synchronous policy iteration
Authors: Vamvoudakis Kyriakos G. , Lewis F.L. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe two‐player zero‐sum (ZS) game problem provides the solution to the bounded L2‐gain problem and so is important for robust control. However, its solution depends on solving a design Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation, which is generally intractable for nonlinear systems. In this paper, we present an online adaptive learning algorithm based on policy iteration to solve the continuous‐time two‐player ZS game with infinite horizon cost for nonlinear systems with known dynamics. That is, the algorithm learns online in real time an approximate local solution to the game HJI equation. This method finds, in real time, suitable approximations of the optimal value and the saddle point feedback control policy and disturbance policy, while also guaranteeing closed‐loop stability. The adaptive algorithm is implemented as an actor/critic/disturbance structure that involves simultaneous continuous‐time adaptation of critic, actor, and disturbance neural networks. We call this online gaming algorithm ‘synchronous’ ZS game policy iteration. A persistence of excitation condition is shown to guarantee convergence of the critic to the actual optimal value function. Novel tuning algorithms are given for critic, actor, and disturbance networks. The convergence to the optimal saddle point solution is proven, and stability of the system is also guaranteed. Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the new algorithm in solving the HJI equation online for a linear system and a complex nonlinear system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments in laser therapy for BPH
Authors: Kirby Roger 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new generation of lasers for photoselective vaporisation of the prostate operating at 180 watts of power has been introduced for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The product was designed to speed up the lasering process and improve fibre durability, while maintaining the safety profile of previous generations. Roger Kirby reviews the history of laser therapy, and discusses whether the treatment can be considered a viable alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Debating controversies in the management of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Dearnaley David , Troup Janis 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the previous issue of this journal, Heather Payne and colleagues discussed a debate on the management of locally advanced prostate cancer, which took place at the 7th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group.1 Here, they continue with a summary of discussions about the challenges of managing advanced prostate cancer. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Molpro: a general‐purpose quantum chemistry program package
Authors: Werner Hans‐Joachim , Knowles Peter J. , Knizia Gerald , Manby Frederick R. , Schütz Martin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMolpro (available at http://www.molpro.net) is a general‐purpose quantum chemical program. The original focus was on high‐accuracy wave function calculations for small molecules, but using local approximations combined with explicit correlation treatments, highly accurate coupled‐cluster calculations are now possible for molecules with up to approximately 100 atoms. Recently, multireference correlation treatments were also made applicable to larger molecules. Furthermore, an efficient implementation of density functional theory is available. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Multilevel Measurement of Dimensions of Collaborative Functioning in a Network of Collaboratives that Promote Child and Family Well‐Being
Authors: Barile John P. , Darnell Adam J. , Erickson Steve W. , Weaver Scott R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEvaluating collaboration between community partners presents a series of methodological challenges (Roussos and Fawcett in Annu Rev Public Health 21:369–402, 2000; Yin and Kaftarian 1997), one of which is selection of the appropriate level of analysis. When data are collected from multiple members of multiple settings, multilevel analysis techniques should be used. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) is an analytic approach that incorporates the advantages of latent variable measurement modeling and multilevel modeling for nested data. This study utilizes MCFA on data obtained from an evaluation survey of collaborative functioning provided to members of 157 community collaboratives in Georgia. This study presents a well‐fitting measurement model that includes five dimensions of collaborative functioning, and a structural component with individual‐ and collaborative‐level covariates. Findings suggest that members’ role and meeting attendance significantly predicted their assessment of collaboration at the individual level, and that tenure of collaborative leaders predicted the overall functioning of the collaborative at the collaborative level. Dimensionality of collaborative functioning and implications of potentially substantial measurement biases associated with selection of respondents are addressed.
Morphological asymmetry and behavioral laterality in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Tobo Shoko , Takeuchi Yuichi , Hori Michio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLateral asymmetry is found widely among vertebrates, but is scarcely observed in invertebrates. Here, morphological asymmetry and behavioral laterality of a wild crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, was investigated. The carapace morphology of crayfish showed left–right differences; in some, the right side of the carapace was larger than the left side, while in others, the left side was larger. A bimodal distribution in the direction of escape behaviors induced by a tactile stimulus was also observed. Experimental crayfish were definitively divided into two groups: individuals that frequently jumped leftward (right type) and those that jumped rightward (left type). Moreover, carapace asymmetry and lateralized escape responses were significantly correlated. These results suggest that crayfish exhibit left–right dimorphism in natural populations. The ecological advantages and maintenance mechanisms underlying these behaviors are also discussed.
Revolutionary Rhetoric and Labour Unrest: Liège in 1886 and Seville in 1901
Authors: Velasco Mesa Custodio 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThis article explores the similarities and differences of the discourse used by the main figures from the labour unrest of Liège in 1886 and Seville in 1901 to articulate their experiences and protests. The comparison, focused on the analysis of the interpretative frameworks, that is, on the “construction of arguments”, highlights the role of the discourse as one of the cultural ingredients which encouraged and shaped both instances of collective action.
Migration Systems in Nineteenth-Century North-Western Portugal: The Case of Vila do Conde
Authors: Viegas de Andrade Cristiana 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThis article aims to identify migration systems in north-western nineteenth-century Portugal to contribute to the understanding of the puzzle that is Portuguese migration dynamics. Through the analysis of the passport and parish registers from theconcelhoof Vila do Conde, it was possible to determine three systems, the Atlantic, the Lisbon, and the local. The occurrence and characteristics of the systems varied according to socio-economic contexts, both in the sending and receiving areas, and also according to the emigrants’ life cycles.
Post-operative nausea and vomiting following paediatric day-case tonsillectomy: audit of the Epsom protocol
Authors: Robb P J , Ewah B N 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:To audit a protocol for elective, day-case, paediatric ENT surgery, previously reported as enabling an overall post-operative nausea and vomiting rate of 2 per cent and a discharge rate of 100 per cent on the day of surgery.Method:The audit included 91 children (45 boys and 46 girls) aged three to 14 years. Forty-seven children underwent tonsillectomy, 36 adenotonsillectomy and eight tonsillectomy with postnasal space examination; indications included recurrent tonsillitis, tonsillitis and nasal block, upper airway obstruction, and a combination of upper airway obstruction and recurrent tonsillitis.Results:No post-operative nausea or vomiting was recorded in any of the children on the day of surgery, and no discharges were delayed. The reactionary haemorrhage rate was 1 per cent and the secondary haemorrhage rate 3.3 per cent.Conclusion:These findings have implications for the safe same-day discharge of children following tonsillectomy.
Implant survival rate in bone-anchored hearing aid users: long-term results
Authors: Wallberg E , Granström G , Tjellström A , Stalfors J 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:To investigate the long-term survival rate of bone-anchored hearing aid implants, and to assess the number of patients who stop using their bone-anchored hearing aid.Method:Patients who underwent bone-anchored hearing aid surgery between September 1977 and December 1986 were identified from a prospective database. Data were collected from patient records.Results:During the study period, 143 patients were fitted with a bone-anchored hearing aid. Records from 132 patients were found, with a mean follow up of nine years. A total of 150 implants were installed in these patients. A total of 41 implants (27 per cent) were lost during follow up: 17 lost osseointegration, 16 were removed and eight were lost due to direct trauma. At the end of follow up, 119/132 (90 per cent) patients were still using their bone-anchored hearing aid.Conclusion:Despite a high incidence of implant loss over time, a large number of patients still continued to use their bone-anchored hearing aid.