bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Sunitinib
Authors: Bugalho Maria João , Domingues Rita , Borges Alexandra 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Context.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor arising from “C” cells of the thyroid; it is a RET associated cancer that can be sporadic or familial in origin. Advances in understanding the genetic changes associated with the development of MTC explain the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Sunitinib is an orally administered multikinase inhibitor likely to target multiple pathways in the tumor, stromal, and endothelial compartments. Its role in the treatment of MTC patients has not yet been established.

Objective.
To present the case of a patient with a sporadic and unresectable MTC who was successfully treated with sunitinib.

Patient and Results.
A 55-year-old man with locally advanced MTC, without germinal and/or somatic RET mutations, was started on sunitinib (50 mg/day for 28 days, followed by 14 days of no treatment). At the time of writing, he had received four consecutive cycles. At the end of the first cycle, his serum calcitonin level had dropped by 81%. In the following cycles, a long-lasting minor response was observed. An early and dramatic tumor reduction, particularly of a cervical lymph node conglomerate, was observed and confirmed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.

Conclusion.
Sunitinib may play a role in the management of patients with locally advanced MTC or distant metastatic disease, for which no effective systemic therapy exists. Moreover, the absence of RET mutations does not seem to be an exclusion criterion for sunitinib treatment.
Canopy height and ground elevation in a mixed‐land‐use lowland Neotropical rain forest landscape
Authors: Kellner James R. , Clark David B. , Hofton Michelle A. 
Published: November 2009

We obtained spatially extensive canopy height measurements using airborne remote sensing to characterize the structure and dynamics of a tropical rain forest landscape. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a remote‐sensing technology that acquires measurements of canopy height and ground elevation. By recording the return time of laser pulses emitted by aircraft‐mounted sensors, LiDAR systems quantify the structure and geometry of individual trees and canopy height and enable estimation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of biomass using millions of accurate height measurements. This data set contains 127 849 839 records from 128 square kilometers of tropical wet forest in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica (mean sampling density is 1.99 observations/m2). The study area includes all 16 square kilometers of mixed‐land‐use forest at the La Selva Biological Station and the lower flanks of Braulio Carrillo National Park. It contains a mosaic of historical and contemporary land use that is representative of contemporary tropical forest landscapes. Field studies demonstrated that LiDAR measurements were precise and accurate throughout the topographic and structural conditions at the site. Each record includes: easting and northing mapped coordinates (UTM Zone 16 North), height above ground (m), interpolated ground elevation (m), and six remote‐sensing descriptors (point classification, the return number, the number of returns for the given pulse, intensity, scan angle, and the time of emission of the laser pulse). The data can be applied to a wide range of questions in basic and applied science, and are a valuable resource from a well‐studied tropical rain forest for teaching and education. They also provide a quantitative baseline against which future conditions can be assessed.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Standing surgical removal of a progressive ethmoidal haematoma invading the sphenopalatine sinuses in a horse
Authors: Smith L J. , Perkins J. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryProgressive ethmoidal haematomas (PEH) have been described as encapsulated, gradually expanding masses, which typically develop from the ethmoidal turbinates. Plain skull radiographs have been shown to be useful in determining the extent of the soft tissue mass if it invades the paranasal sinuses; however, where it is available, computed tomography (CT) offers substantial advantages in the evaluation of the full extent of a PEH. This Case Report describes a PEH invading into the sphenopalatine sinus, and the use of CT in accurately identifying the extent of the lesion.
Calcinosis circumscripta in the antebrachiocarpal joint of a horse
Authors: Tóth F. , Schumacher J. , Newman S. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryA 4‐year‐old, Spanish Mustang mare was evaluated because of a swelling on the dorsolateral aspect of its right carpus. The horse had no gait abnormalities. During radiographic examination of the carpus, a granular, radiopaque mass, approximately 3 cm in diameter, adjacent to the proximal row of carpal bones, was observed. The mineralised mass, which was located within the antebrachiocarpal joint, was removed through an arthrotomy with the horse anaesthetised. Histological features of the mass showed it to be overlain by partially denuded synovium, and included large deposits of mineral surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and separated by septa of mature fibrous connective tissue. These features were typical of calcinosis circumscripta. Swelling of the carpus resolved after the surgery, but the horse was lost to follow‐up.
Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 1: Overview, pathogenesis and risk factors
Authors: McGorum B. C. , Pirie R. S. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryAntimicrobial associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most commonly recognised adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses, although its incidence is probably low given the frequency of antimicrobial administration. Clinical signs vary from transient self‐limiting diarrhoea to rapidly fatal toxic enterocolitis. AAD prolongs the duration of hospitalisation, increases diagnostic and therapeutic costs, and was associated with a lower case survival rate than other types of acute diarrhoea in one study. Virtually all antimicrobials have been implicated in AAD, but some pose a greater risk than others.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of epidural neoplasms in two ataxic horses
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Grant B. D. , Linovitz R. , Peppers T. A. , Rantanen N. W. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryTwo cases of ataxia caused by epidural neoplasia diagnosed with myelography and histopathology are presented in this report. One horse was diagnosed with lymphohistiocytic lymphosarcoma and the other with haemangiosarcoma. In both cases, subtotal dorsal decompression was performed as part of their treatment protocol. One horse was subjected to euthanasia immediately after surgery; however, the other horse recovered well, with no gait abnormalities and a normal myelographic dye column seen at 6 months post surgery. Although both horses were ultimately subjected to euthanasia, subtotal dorsal decompression provides a potential surgical treatment for epidural neoplasia.
Transpalpebral enucleation using a chain écraseur
Authors: García‐López J. M. , Poulin A. E. , Doran R. E. , Quinteros D. D. , Abuja G. A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study was undertaken to describe the technique, complications and outcome of the use of a chain écraseur for transpalpebral enucleation in horses under general anaesthesia. We report its use in 53 horses, reviewing the subject details, reasons for enucleation, surgical technique, intra‐ and post operative complications, and long‐term outcome.Intraoperative complications included mild to moderate bleeding in 4 horses. Post operative complications included mild periorbital post operative swelling in one horse, transient head tilt in one horse and severe enterocolitis, which resulted in euthanasia in one horse; another 2 horses were subjected to euthanasia after long bone fractures that occurred during recovery from general anaesthesia and 2 horses had the prosthesis removed as a result of inflammatory reaction or infection.Long‐term outcome was available for 38 horses, 25 of which returned to their previous activities and 13 were retired. Twelve horses were lost for follow‐up.Transpalpebral enucleation using a chain écraseur is a feasible alternative to traditional enucleation techniques that can provide adequate haemostasis during transection of the optic pedicle when used properly.
Agrarian Change, Cattle Ranching and Deforestation: Assessing their Linkages in Southern Pará
Authors: Pacheco Pablo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In this paper, I illustrate the dynamics of frontier development in the Redenção area in southern Pará, one of the oldest agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. This frontier has evolved from a landscape initially dominated by large-scale corporations investing in cattle ranching, to another in which medium-scale cattle ranchers and to less extent smallholders expanded their influence in the local economy. The initial stage was driven by fiscal incentives and subsidies from the government. The latter stage features more developed markets for beef and milk products, and is associated with an expansion of slaughterhouses and dairy processing plants, the modernisation of livestock production, fragmentation of large estates, and competition for land. The latter phase originated with the arrival of new investors in medium-scale cattle ranching, and with expanding pressure from smallholders and landless people looking for land. The process of land occupation and agrarian development has inevitably led to forest conversion mainly to pasture. Finally, environmental policies seeking to halt deforestation have been largely ineffective under these conditions of frontier development.
Lumbar interbody expanding cage
Authors: Careddu G. , Masala G. , Columbano N. , Doria C. , Crissantu L. , Sanna Passino E. , Manunta M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryInterbody fusion devices are used in human medicine for treating degenerative diseases of the spine. Currently, there is not a universally accepted assessment tool for determining fusion, and the definitive criteria for diagnosing a successful interbody fusion remain controversial. The aim of this study was to describe microscopic and helical computed tomography (CT) imaging in the assessment of lumbar interbody fusion using cylindrical threaded titanium expanding cage in sheep. One cylindrical threaded expanding titanium cage (Proconcept – SA, Orange, France) was inserted through a transperitoneal approach after radical discectomy and packed with cancellous bone autograft in five adult sheep. The subjects were euthanatized after three, six, 12, 18 and 24 months. CT images revealed lumbar fusion at 12 months post operation, whereas microscopic evaluations indicated the presence of lumbar fusion at 18 months. CT and histological grades were the same in 65% of the cases observed. There were not a significant difference between CT, histological and micro radiographic grades. Helical CT scanning can be considered to be a suitable method for the monitoring of lumbar fusion as it enables observation of the deposition of bony bridging within the cage.
Histology and immunohistochemistry study of ovine tendon grafted with cBMSCs and BMMNCs after collagenase-induced tendinitis
Authors: Lacitignola L. , Francioso E. , Rossi G. , Crovace A. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the regeneration abilities of cultured bone marrow mesenchymal cells (cBMSC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) with fibrin glue, saline solution and sham control in collagenase–induced tendinitis of the Achilles tendon in sheep. Methods: Six sheep were recruited randomly to each group: cBMSC, BMMNC, fibrin, saline and sham control. Each group received the relative treatment two weeks after inducing lesions (T0). After eight weeks (T8) of treatment, the tendons were harvested and evaluated for histomorphology, Collagen type I, III, Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and CD34 positive cells expression. Results: Histology and immunohistochemistry showed similar capabilities of cBMSC and BMMNC to restore the architecture of fibres and Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), with a high expression of collagen type I and COMP and a very low expression of collagen type III in treated tendons. The complete architectural disruption of fibres, dramatic reduction of collagen Type I and COMP expression and increase collagen type III expression were commonly observed in tendons treated with fibrin or saline only. The presence of CD34 positive cells was appreciable in the BMMNC group while few cBMSC showed this cluster of differentiation, not expressed in tendons treated with fibrin or saline. Clinical significance: The data in this study show the efficacy of cBMSC and BMMNC in regenerating tendon tissue after collagenase–induced tendinitis.
FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Splenic Extramedullary Myelopoiesis via Suppression of Hemopoietic Cytokine-Producing T Cells
Authors: Lee Jee H. , Wang Chuanwu , Kim Chang H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Extramedullary myelopoiesis occurs in peripheral organs such as spleen and produces many types of myeloid cells with diverse functions in response to inflammation and infection. It is increased during immune responses and chronic inflammation and is a significant factor in regulating inflammatory diseases and immunity. Increased myeloid cells are found in FoxP3-deficient mice but the mechanism has been unclear. We investigated the mechanism by which FoxP3+ regulatory T cells regulate the extramedullary myelopoiesis. We found that Ab or genetic depletion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells greatly increased the number of the myeloid progenitors in spleen during immune responses. Consistently, the splenic myelopoiesis was effectively suppressed by increased numbers of natural or induced FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We demonstrated that myelopoiesis is positively regulated by splenic CD4+ T cells that produce myelopoietic cytokines (GM-CSF and IL-3), and these effector CD4+ T cells are induced from naive CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells were able to effectively suppress the differentiation of naive T cells into myelopoietic cytokine-producing T cells. This suppression was found to be dependent on cell contact but independent of TGFβ. Unlike splenic myelopoiesis, marrow myelopoiesis is not significantly affected by FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We conclude that FoxP3+ T cells can negatively regulate splenic extramedullary myelopoiesis by suppressing the naive T cell differentiation into myelopoietic cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. Our results provide new insights into regulation of extramedullary myelopoiesis.
Immunostimulatory RNA Oligonucleotides Induce an Effective Antitumoral NK Cell Response through the TLR7
Authors: Bourquin Carole , Schmidt Laura , Lanz Anna-Lisa , Storch Bettina , Wurzenberger Cornelia , Anz David , Sandholzer Nadja , Mocikat Ralph , Berger Michael , Poeck Hendrik , Hartmann Gunther , Hornung Veit , Endres Stefan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
RNA oligonucleotides containing immune-activating sequences promote the development of cytotoxic T cell and B cell responses to Ag. In this study, we show for the first time that immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides induce a NK cell response that prevents growth of NK-sensitive tumors. Treatment of mice with immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides activates NK cells in a sequence-dependent manner, leading to enhanced IFN-γ production and increased cytotoxicity. Use of gene-deficient mice showed that NK activation is entirely TLR7-dependent. We further demonstrate that NK activation is indirectly induced through IL-12 and type I IFN production by dendritic cells. Reconstitution of TLR7-deficient mice with wild-type dendritic cells restores NK activation upon treatment with immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides. Thus, by activating both NK cells and CTLs, RNA oligonucleotides stimulate two major cellular effectors of antitumor immunity. This dual activation may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer by preventing the development of tumor immune escape variants.
Perceptions on and roadblocks to implementation of standardized nomenclature in radiation oncology: A survey from TG‐263U1
Authors: Covington Elizabeth L. , Suresh Krithika , Anderson Brian M. , Barker Margaret , Dess Kathryn , Price Jeremy G. , Moncion Alexander , Vaccarelli Marissa J. , Santanam Lakshmi , Xiao Ying , Mayo Charles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAAPM Task Group No. 263U1 (Update to Report No. 263 – Standardizing Nomenclatures in Radiation Oncology) disseminated a survey to receive feedback on utilization, gaps, and means to facilitate further adoption.MethodsThe survey was created by TG‐263U1 members to solicit feedback from physicists, dosimetrists, and physicians working in radiation oncology. Questions on the adoption of the TG‐263 standard were coupled with demographic information, such as clinical role, place of primary employment (e.g., private hospital, academic center), and size of institution. The survey was emailed to all AAPM, AAMD, and ASTRO members.ResultsThe survey received 463 responses with 310 completed survey responses used for analysis, of whom most had the clinical role of medical physicist (73%) and the majority were from the United States (83%). There were 83% of respondents who indicated that they believe that having a nomenclature standard is important or very important and 61% had adopted all or portions of TG‐263 in their clinics. For those yet to adopt TG‐263, the staffing and implementation efforts were the main cause for delaying adoption. Fewer respondents had trouble adopting TG‐263 for organs at risk (29%) versus target (44%) nomenclature. Common themes in written feedback were lack of physician support and available resources, especially in vendor systems, to facilitate adoption.ConclusionsWhile there is strong support and belief in the benefit of standardized nomenclature, the widespread adoption of TG‐263 has been hindered by the effort needed by staff for implementation. Feedback from the survey is being utilized to drive the focus of the update efforts and create tools to facilitate easier adoption of TG‐263.
Enchantment and the Gimmick: Pleasure and Doubt in AI Image Aesthetics
Authors: Young Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith its ability to subvert our perceptions of the world, AI can create images of quirky strangeness and charm, resulting in hyper‐surrealist juxtapositions of form and uncanny beauty. Founding partner of Young & Ayata and Associate Professor at the Cooper Union, New York, Michael Young investigates recent output from architect Karel Klein and her collaborators, and speculates on the power of their ‘estrangements’ and the capitalist underbelly of AI.
Tech Limited: AI is AI
Authors: Manning Ryan Vincent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat might a conversation between a highly trained generator that calculates the probability of the next word in a sentence, and the jumbled mess of organic neurons inside the head of a human architect look like? Through such a fictitious dialogue, architectural designer and educator Ryan Vincent Manning explores issues of human inquisitiveness, uniqueness and agency, human‐ machine interfaces, machine intelligence, AI latent spaces and the assimilation of design originality into free‐access, ubiquitous machine code that is adding to huge potential datasets.
Machine Hands on Flaws to Machine: The Surprising Sources of Biases in Machine Learning Models
Authors: Steinfeld Kyle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter musing on the history and varying media of the concept of ‘gone viral’, Associate Professor of Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley, Kyle Steinfeld further investigates computational design through the lens of cultural practices. Even the seemingly most contemporary and innovative technological ideas and gizmos can be traced back to a series of legacy notions that remain silently present in new advances. The article discusses such ‘hinge’ moments and searches for them in AI.
Autonomous Algorithmic Architects: Wicked Problems of Machine Learning in Architecture
Authors: Bernstein Phil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAI is developing at breakneck speed, with generation after generation of software/algorithms swiftly and exponentially appearing in a matter of months of each other. Associate Dean and Professor Adjunct at the Yale School of Architecture Phil Bernstein, an expert in architectural practice and technology, lucidly examines the way the profession has responded to previous digitally enhanced design techniques, and how future uptake of AI technology will affect the workflow, form finding, optimisation and anatomy of the discipline.
Sleep–wake behavior, perceived fatigability, and cognitive reserve in older adults
Authors: Kerner Nancy , Goldberg Terry E. , Cohen Hannah R. , Phillips Julia G. , Cohen Daniel E. , Andrews Howard , Pelton Gregory , Devanand Davangere P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe effects of sleep–wake behavior on perceived fatigability and cognitive abilities when performing daily activities have not been investigated across levels of cognitive reserve (CR).METHODSCR Index Questionnaire (CRIq) data were collected and subjected to moderated mediation analysis.RESULTSIn amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 41), CR moderated sleep‐related impairments (SRIs), and fatigability at low CR (CRIq < 105.8, p = 0.004) and mean CR (CRIq = 126.9, p = 0.03) but not high CR (CRIq > 145.9, p = 0.65) levels. SRI affected cognitive abilities mediated by fatigability at low CR (p < 0.001) and mean CR (p = 0.003) levels. In healthy controls (n = 13), SRI in fatigability did not alter cognitive abilities across CR levels; controls had higher leisure scores than patients with aMCI (p = 0.003, effect size = 0.93).DISCUSSIONSRI can amplify impaired cognitive abilities through exacerbation of fatigability in patients with aMCI with below‐mean CR. Therefore, improving sleep–wake regulation and leisure activities may protect against fatigability and cognitive decline.Highlights
Clinical fatigue and fatigability cannot be alleviated by rest.
Clinical fatigability disrupts daily activities during preclinical Alzheimer's.
High cognitive reserve mitigates sleep–wake disturbance effects.
High cognitive reserve attenuates clinical fatigability effects on daily functioning.
Untreated obstructive sleep apnea potentiates Alzheimer's pathology in the brain.
Preparation of fluorinated polysiloxane and its application in modified polyacrylates
Authors: Zhang Qipeng , Wu Minghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolyacrylate materials are widely used in textile adhesives, functional finishing agents, architectural coatings, and other fields. In order to improve their hydrophobicity and flexibility, a novel fluorinated polysiloxane was prepared by acid catalyzed bulk ring opening reaction with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (), and methyltrifluoropropylcyclotrisiloxane (), and its structure was characterized. Then, as a modified monomer, the fluorinated polysiloxane modified polyacrylates was prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. The effects of fluorinated polysiloxane monomers with different vinyl content and molecular weight on the properties of emulsion, film structure and film hydrophobicity were studied. The results showed that when using fluorinated polysiloxane monomer with Mn = 6235, vinyl content of 0.33 mmol/g, and fluorine content of 7.40 mmol/g for modification, the water contact angle on the surface of the adhesive film reached 100.4°, and the water absorption rate was 8.1%, resulting in the best effect. Used for textile printing, the color fastness to dry and wet friction after fabric printing could reach level 4, and the hand feel was soft.