bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to electroconvulsive therapy in elderly patients with late‐onset bipolar disorder: The impact of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Brancati Giulio Emilio , Torrigiani Samuele , Acierno Donatella , Fustini Chiara , Puglisi Flavia , Elefante Camilla , Lattanzi Lorenzo , Medda Pierpaolo , Perugi Giulio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesCerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) is a chronic, progressive vascular disorder that confers increased vulnerability to psychiatric syndromes, including late‐life mood disorders. In this study, we investigated the impact of CSVD on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcomes in patients with late‐onset bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsA sample of 54 non‐demented elderly patients (≥60 years) with late‐onset BD and treatment‐resistant major depression, mixed state, or catatonia who underwent bilateral ECT were included in this naturalistic observational study. A diagnosis of CSVD was established based on brain neuroimaging performed before ECT. All patients were evaluated before and after ECT using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D), and the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI).ResultsOf the total sample, 19 patients were diagnosed with CSVD (35.2%). No significant differences were observed at baseline between patients with and without CSVD. Overall, a response was obtained in 66%–68.5% of patients, with remission in 56.2%. No significant differences in ECT outcomes were found between those with and without CSVD, and both groups exhibited substantial improvements in symptom severity following ECT.ConclusionsThe outcome of ECT in late‐onset BD was not influenced by the presence of CSVD. This finding aligns with previous research on unipolar depression. Accordingly, ECT should be considered for elderly patients with late‐onset BD, regardless of the presence of CSVD.
Patients' satisfaction with oral health care provided at the University Dental clinic in Tanzania: A cross‐sectional analytical study
Authors: Wencheslaus Lenis , Mtaya‐Mlangwa Matilda , Sohal Karpal S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients' satisfaction with health services is considered an essential element for hospital setup as it measures its performance and quality of care. Thus, evaluation of patients' satisfaction has become a basic concern of clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of patients with the oral health care provided at the University Dental Clinic in Tanzania.MethodsThis analytical cross‐sectional study targeted all adult patients who sought treatment at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) dental clinic, between December 2019 and August 2020. It utilized a Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) to collect relevant information for this study.ResultsA total of 302 patients participated in this study with male to female ratio of 1:1.54. Their mean age was 35.95 ± (SD = 14.19) years. The mean scores for various domains of satisfaction were; 9.42 ± 2.09 for pain management, 8.11 ± 2.84 for the quality of services, 16.08 ± 2.27 for the cost of service, 7.49 ± 1.94 for satisfaction with accessibility/convenience, and 8.93 ± 2.17 for satisfaction with access to care. The overall mean satisfaction score was 50.03 ± 6.53. Only the education level of the participant was significantly associated with overall satisfaction, with the odds of participants with an education level of less than college, being satisfied with dental service 38% more than those with a college education.ConclusionMost of the participants had moderate overall satisfaction with the oral health care provided at the University dental clinic. The level of satisfaction was not determined by the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.Patient or Public ContributionPatients with oral health problems and staff of the university dental clinic were consulted on the design, delivery, and reporting of the research.
Ophthalmological conditions among elderly patients attending a private eye care facility in Malawi: A retrospective study
Authors: Banda Owen , Ogbonna Grace , Mzumara Thokozani 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe elderly comprises the fastest‐expanding age group globally, with the greatest increase occurring in developing countries. The elderly populace is prone to develop various ocular morbidities.PurposeTo determine the distribution of ocular morbidities among the elderly population visiting a private eye care facility in Malawi.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study conducted at St. John's Hospital in Mzuzu, Malawi. We retrieved data from the hospital's ophthalmic outpatient registry from January, 2021 to December, 2021. A nonprobability census sampling technique was used to retrieve 52 elderly patients. Data analysis were done employing SPSS (v.26).ResultsThis study found according to gender a larger proportion were females 27 (51.9%) compared males, who accounted for 25 (48.1%). Refractive error 21 (40.4%) was the most prevalent ocular morbidity followed by cataract 13 (25.0%), pinguecula 6 (11.5%), and glaucoma 4 (7.7%). Although clear differences exist in the distribution of ocular morbidities according to sex (p = 0.529) and age (p = 0.328), the differences are not statistically significant.ConclusionThe pattern of eye diseases is typical to the country. More resources should be targeting main causes of preventable blindness including refractive error and cataracts at the facility.
Analysis of thermohydraulic flow and enhancement heat performance in 3D dimple tube based on varying geometrical configurations
Authors: Al‐Haidari Saad Raad , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Ramadhan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research work investigates how different dimple designs affect the flow field and thermal performance of three‐dimensional pipes. The study focuses on the effect of the number of improved dimples NOD (3, 4, and 5), different groups numbers DGNs (1, 2, and 3 groups), arranged around the pipe, and different distances between dimples (DBDs). Dimple geometry affects flow: Changing dimple parameters alters the velocity and pressure distribution within the pipe. Performance evaluation factor (PEF) varies with dimple configuration: The PEF, which balances heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty, ranges from 1.187 to 1.23 for NOD and from 1.292 to 1.31 for DGN, and also from 1.26 to 1.302 for DBD. Reynolds number range, Re = 4000–15,000; turbulence model, standard k–ε model; numerical scheme, second‐order upwind scheme; test tube conditions, inlet temperature (Tin) = 25°C; pipe diameter D = 23 mm; thickness = 2 mm; heat flux q = 25,500 W/m²; and material (Cu). This research focuses on improving heat transfer efficiency in pipes using dimples. Dimple size and arrangement significantly impact flow dynamics and heat transfer. PEF is used to evaluate the overall performance considering both heat transfer improvement and pressure drop penalty. The study found a specific range for PEF under various conditions for different dimple configurations. The average enhancement in Nusselt number for model 2 was 15.16% compared with a smooth pipe and the heat transfer performance by 10.028%–28.963% at the effect of NOD, the DGN has slightly higher Nu values than smooth pipes, indicating improved heat transfer due to the dimples (around 7%–58% at Re 4000–15,000 and 9%–13% at Re 12,000), and at DBD (13.5%) at a Reynolds number of 12,000 and 4.6%–59% at Re 4000–15,000.
Evidence‐based management strategies for endocrine complications after pituitary adenoma surgery
Authors: Miao Xiaoju , Fu Zhongmin , Luo Xian , Wang Jun , Ren Zhangzhu , Wang Yuanyuan , Mei Guoping , Xiao Shunwu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to provide a clinical reference for the management of endocrine complications in pituitary tumor patients by synthesizing recent evidence for domestic and international management strategies. Based on the PIPOST (Population, Intervention, Professional, Outcome, Setting, and Type of Evidence) framework, evidence‐based medicine targets were determined. Electronic decision support systems, guideline websites, and databases were searched to identify the best evidence on postoperative endocrine complications in pituitary tumors. The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) principle was used to construct the search strategy, and the studies from the past 10 years (July 2013 to July 2023) were included. A total of 11 articles were included, including four guidelines, two expert consensus statements, one systematic review, one best practice article, and three randomized controlled trials. We obtained evidence on five aspects (endocrine assessment, secondary adrenal insufficiency management, water metabolism disorder management, special population management, and follow‐up management) with a total of 30 pieces of evidence. Clinical healthcare professionals should focus on the care and follow‐up of patients with postoperative complications, such as adrenal insufficiency, temporary or permanent diabetes insipidus, and hyponatremia. Future research should involve large sample sizes, long‐term follow‐ups, and multicenter studies to further clarify the protocols for fluid restriction, diet, and hormone use.
They are the best: The significance of others to emerging adults and well‐being
Authors: Cookston Jeffrey T. , Chou Victoria Olivia Sherry , Khalid Qudsia , Amaya Fernanda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is surprising how little we know about the relationships that matter to emerging adults, and we propose research to bridge that gap. First, we will ask emerging adults to generate a list of the individuals who matter. The list will be submitted via open‐ended text that we will code for relationship type. Our first aim is to gain information about the frequency and diversity of relationships that matter to emerging adults. We hypothesise that participants who list more relationships will have better well‐being and less loneliness. Second, we will use an adapted version of the Mattering Scale to assess how much specific relationships matter to participants by asking them to focus on five common close relationships (i.e., mother figures, father figures, romantic partners, best friends and closest‐in‐age sibling). For each relationship that exists for the participant, how much each relationship matters will be measured. We hypothesise that failing to mention a specific relationship in the open‐ended portion of the study will be related to lower perceived mattering of that relationship when participants report on mattering. Finally, we hypothesise that when specified relationships matter more to an individual, they will have less loneliness and better well‐being.
Value of pelvic examination in women with pelvic organ prolapse: A systematic review
Authors: Pizzoferrato Anne‐Cécile , Sallée Camille , Thubert Thibault , Fauconnier Arnaud , Deffieux Xavier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent recommendations from the French High Authority of Health on pelvic organ prolapse (POP) management underline the value of a pelvic examination.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to analyze the literature and identify the best evidence available regarding pelvic examination for women presenting prolapse‐associated symptoms in terms of diagnosis and predictability of treatment success.Search StrategyThe databases were queried similarly using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non‐MeSH terms broadly related to pelvic examination and POP management.Selection CriteriaWe included studies assessing the diagnostic contribution of pelvic examination (correlation with symptoms) and its value for assessing the risk of pessary failure or recurrence after reconstructive surgery.Data Collection and AnalysisWe assessed peer‐reviewed articles on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database up to May 2023. The methodological quality of all the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS‐E or RoB2 tools.Main ResultsIn all, 67 studies were retained for the review. Prolapse‐associated symptoms are poorly correlated with POP diagnosis. The symptom that is best correlated with the POP stage is the presence of a vaginal bulge (moderate to good correlation). The factors most strongly associated with the risk of recurrence after surgery or pessary failure are clinical: essentially a higher POP stage before surgery, levator ani muscle avulsion, and vaginal and genital measurements.ConclusionsIn women complaining of prolapse‐associated symptoms, a pelvic examination (vaginal speculum and digital vaginal examination) can confirm the presence of POP and identify risk factors for treatment failure or recurrence after surgical management or pessary placement. A higher stage of POP and levator ani muscle avulsion—discernible on pelvic examination—are major risk factors for POP recurrence or treatment failure. These features must be taken into account in the treatment choice and discussed with the patient.
Initial validation of the Health Environment Rating Scale‐Early Childhood Consultation‐Classroom (HERS‐ECC‐C)
Authors: Futterer Jenna , Mullins Casey , Bulotsky‐Shearer Rebecca J. , Guzmán Emperatriz , Hildago Tatiana , Kolomeyer Ellen , Howe Elizabeth , Horen Neal , Sanders Lee M. , Natale Ruby 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study validated a newly developed easy‐to‐use observational instrument, the Health Environment Rating Scale‐Early Childhood Consultation‐Classroom version (HERS‐ECC‐C), to measure the quality of the classroom environment within early care and education centers participating in a mental health consultation program in a diverse area of the southeastern United States. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, three factors emerged capturing critical aspects of a high‐quality classroom environment and demonstrated good reliability: (1) Supportive Practices, Positive Socioemotional Practices, and Classroom Management (α = .88), (2) Health and Family Communication (α = .79), and (3) Individualizing to Children's Needs (α = .80). Criterion‐related validity was established through concurrent associations between the three HERS‐ECC‐C subscales and the domains of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and predictive associations with the Childcare Worker Job Stress Inventory. The HERS‐ECC‐C Supportive Practices and Health and Family Communication subscales were associated with all three CLASS domains, and the Individualizing to Children's Needs subscale was associated with the CLASS Instructional support domain. Higher HERS‐ECC‐C subscale scores were associated with lower teacher‐reported job stress. Findings provide initial evidence to support the use and continued development of the HERS‐ECC‐C as a tool to evaluate programs and classrooms engaged in mental health consultation professional development interventions.
Biodistribution and preclinical safety profile of legubicin: A novel conjugate of doxorubicin and a legumain‐cleavable peptide linker
Authors: Wang Yan , Wei Liping , Liu Yuan , Liu Cheng , Hou Minbo , Zhou Lu , Wang Le , Li Hua , Qiu Yunliang , JingMa  
Published: May 2024

AbstractLegubicin is a novel conjugate of doxorubicin and a legumain‐cleavable peptide linker. It has been developed to ameliorate the side effects of doxorubicin. Biodistribution in tumor‐bearing mice, acute tolerance, and potential systemic toxic effects in Sprague–Dawley rats and beagle dogs of legubicin were assessed. Legubicin exists mainly as a protein complex in plasma after entering the circulation. Compared with conventional doxorubicin at an equal molar dose in mice, we found higher exposure to doxorubicin in tumor (approximately 1.7‐fold increase) while lower exposure in normal tissues (an ~3.26‐, 3.46‐, and 1.29‐fold reduction in heart, kidney, and plasma, respectively) in tumor‐bearing mice after intravenous injection of legubicin. The acute maximum tolerance dose (MTD) of legubicin was >16 mg/kg doxorubicin equivalent in female rats, 11 mg/kg doxorubicin equivalent in male rats (LD50 of conventional doxorubicin is 10.51 mg/kg), and >8 mg/kg doxorubicin equivalent in dogs (MTD of conventional doxorubicin is 1.5 mg/kg). Four‐week repeat‐dose toxicity studies of intravenous legubicin were conducted in rats (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/dose once weekly) and dogs (3/1.5, 10/5, and 20/10 mg/kg/dose once weekly); the dose levels were reduced from the second dose due to intolerable legubicin‐associated toxicity at 20 mg/kg. Major organs of toxicity included the gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid and hematopoietic organs, kidney, skin, liver, reproductive organs, and peripheral nerves, which are all associated with doxorubicin. However, cardiotoxicity was only noted at MTD dose levels. Altogether, our results confirm an improved safety profile of legubicin over conventional doxorubicin and support its clinical benefit for treating cancer.
A case series evaluation of the Fearless Me! © program for children with intellectual disabilities and anxiety
Authors: Hronis Anastasia , Hao Jichun , Roberts Rachel , Roberts Lynette , Shires Alice , Kneebone Ian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have high rates of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has largely remained unexamined as a treatment option for this population. Fearless Me! © is an adapted CBT treatment program specifically designed for children and adolescents with ID.MethodEleven children, aged between eight and 17, completed 10 therapy sessions. Measures of anxiety were completed pre and posttreatment and at 3 and 12‐month follow‐ups by both the children and parents.ResultsSix children reported significant reductions in anxiety, with all showing significant reductions in parent‐reported child anxiety at either posttreatment assessment, 3‐month follow‐up, or 12‐month follow‐up. Results varied across the six children as all parents reported heightened anxiety, but not all children reported high levels of anxiety for themselves.ConclusionOverall, this evaluation provides a sound basis for continued investigation and research into the use of the Fearless Me! © modified CBT program to treat children with ID and anxiety.
Diverging trends in alcohol use and mental health in Australian adolescents: A cross‐cohort comparison of trends in co‐occurrence
Authors: Slade Tim , Chapman Cath , Halladay Jillian , Sunderland Matthew , Smout Anna , Champion Katrina E. , Newton Nicola C. , Teesson Maree 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, psychological distress in Western countries has rapidly increased among older adolescents while alcohol use has declined, though little is known about younger adolescents. It is also unclear if and how these trends relate to co‐occurring alcohol use and distress. This study sought to examine temporal changes in the prevalence of distress, alcohol use, and their co‐occurrence among young Australians.MethodsThis study used data from 13,388 youth in their early teens (aged 12–14). Differences in the prevalence of high psychological distress (Kessler‐6 ≥ 13), any alcohol use (standard drink in past 3/6 months), and their co‐occurrence across cohorts (2007, 2012, 2014, 2019) were tested through log‐binomial regression models. Changes in co‐occurrence across cohorts were tested with cohort‐by‐alcohol interactions predicting distress, and vice‐versa. Differential trends by sex were evaluated.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2019, the prevalence of high distress more than doubled (4.6%–13.5%) while alcohol use decreased by ∼90% (11.8%–3.1%). Distress increased more‐so among females, while alcohol use decreased more‐so among males. The prevalence of high distress was significantly greater among adolescents who used alcohol compared to those who had not (>2 times higher), with this co‐occurrence remaining consistent across cohorts.ConclusionsPsychological distress appears to be increasing similarly among youth in their early teens who do and do not use alcohol. At the same time, alcohol use is decreasing similarly among youth with and without distress. While alcohol use does not appear to be a driver of increases in distress, rates of co‐occurring alcohol use and distress remain high. Addressing co‐occurrence and distress‐specific mechanisms remain necessary.
Non‐invasive prenatal screening: Testing motivations and decision making in the low‐risk population
Authors: Lea Jenna K. , Stevens Blair K. , Mulligan Shannon , Hashmi Syed S. , Lunstroth Rebecca , Choates Meagan G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐invasive prenatal screening provides a risk assessment for aneuploidies by utilizing cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). It is recommended that cell‐free DNA screening (cfDNA screening) be offered to all pregnant people regardless of a priori risk for aneuploidy. In the absence of an increased risk, alternative motives for electing cfDNA screening and different levels of informed decision making may arise. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize low‐risk patients' motivations for cfDNA screening election, determine how often informed decisions are being made, and compare motivations between informed and uninformed decision makers. A survey that included a modified, validated measure of informed choice (MMIC) and questions to assess patients' motivations for cfDNA screening was offered at four MFM clinics following genetic counseling. It was found that 44% of participants (n = 100) made an uninformed decision about testing. Participants with private insurers were 4.25 times more likely to make an informed decision (95% CI = 1.10–16.37). Informed decision makers scored avoiding invasive procedures higher (p = 0.007) and ranked doing what family/friends desire lower (p = 0.005) than uninformed decision makers. While most participants scored receiving information about genetic conditions highest, 12% of participants reported fetal sex disclosure as a priority. However, this was not found to be associated with uninformed decision making. This study ultimately established that following genetic counseling, a low‐risk population shared motivations with high‐risk populations which highlights the importance of complete pre‐test counseling for all. Future research should investigate the effect of modifying variables, such as socioeconomic status, on the performance of informed choice measures and critically evaluate the parameters that determine informed choice.
Simple and green synthesis of 3‐acyl‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines: [3+2] through cycloaddition of N‐aminopyridines on enaminones
Authors: Redon Sébastien , Vanelle Patrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA practicable method is described for the synthesis of 3‐acyl‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines from N‐aminopyridines and easily available enaminones via a [3+2] cycloaddition. The reactions proceed well with a broad scope, without using additive (base or oxidant).