bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A refined nonconforming quadrilateral element for couple stress/strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Zhao J. , Chen W. J. , Lo S. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractC0−1 patch test (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2004; 61:433–454) proposed by Soh and Chen is a reliable method to ensure convergence of nonconforming finite element for the couple stress/strain gradient elasticity. The C0−1 patch test function is a complete quadratic polynomial that satisfies the equilibrium equations. To pass the C0−1 patch test, the element displacement functions used to calculate strains must satisfy C0 continuity (or weak C0 continuity) and quadratic completeness. In this paper, a 24‐DOF (degrees of freedom) quadrilateral element (CQ12+RDKQ) for the couple stress/strain gradient elasticity is developed by combining the refined thin plate element RDKQ and the nonconforming element CQ12. The element RDKQ, which satisfies weak C1 continuity, is used to calculate strain gradients, whereas strains are computed by the element CQ12, which is established based on an extended variational functional and satisfies weak C0 continuity and quadratic completeness. Numerical examples show that the element (CQ12+RDKQ) passes the C0−1 patch test and it is also more efficient than the existing available triangular and quadrilateral elements in stress concentration problems with size effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reduced integration solid‐shell finite element based on the EAS and the ANS concept—Large deformation problems
Authors: Schwarze Marco , Reese Stefanie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we address the extension of a recently proposed reduced integration eight‐node solid‐shell finite element to large deformations. The element requires only one integration point within the shell plane and at least two integration points over the thickness. The possibility to choose arbitrarily many Gauss points over the shell thickness enables a realistic and efficient modeling of the non‐linear material behavior. Only one enhanced degree‐of‐freedom is needed to avoid volumetric and Poisson thickness locking. One key point of the formulation is the Taylor expansion of the inverse Jacobian matrix with respect to the element center leading to a very accurate modeling of arbitrary element shapes. The transverse shear and curvature thickness locking are cured by means of the assumed natural strain concept. Further crucial points are the Taylor expansion of the compatible cartesian strain with respect to the center of the element as well as the Taylor expansion of the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor with respect to the normal through the center of the element. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data reduction in classification: A simulated annealing based projection method
Authors: Tian Tian Siva , Wilcox Rand R. , James Gareth M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with classifying high‐dimensional data into one of two categories. In various settings, such as when dealing with fMRI and microarray data, the number of variables is very large, which makes well‐known classification techniques impractical. The number of variables might be reduced via principal component analysis or some robust analog, but these methods are usually unsatisfactory for the purpose of classification because they are unsupervised learning methods and not designed to minimize classification errors. In this paper, we propose a classification guided dimensionality reduction approach incorporating a stochastic search algorithm in order to look for a ‘good’ subspace in the context of classification. Two different versions of the simulated annealing algorithm are implemented to produce sparse and dense models, respectively. Using data from both simulation and real‐world studies, situations are found where the misclassification rate can be reduced by the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 319‐331, 2010
MR imaging in liver cirrhosis: classical and new approaches
Authors: Martí-Bonmatí Luis , Delgado Fructuoso 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objective
The typical histological features of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are variable degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation (activity or grade of disease), fibrosis (stage of disease), and associated fat and iron deposition. These features influence the liver’s appearance and must be assessed separately by imaging biomarkers in order to be clinically useful. Hepatic morphologic alterations and features of portal hypertension identify most cases of established cirrhosis. Nowadays, research is focused on developing ways to improve detection of early and intermediate stages of fibrosis as well as hepatocyte dysfunction. Even more, most imaging-related measurements are subject to complex interactions and are influenced by different pathologic processes, such as fatty infiltration, edema, necrosis and iron accumulation.

Methods and results
MR experience throughout the last 15 years at the Dr Peset University Hospital is reviewed.

Conclusion
Nowadays, several biomarkers have been developed to grade the liver status in cirrhosis. This review will focus on these topics.
Postconcussive Symptoms After Blast and Nonblast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Afghanistan and Iraq War Veterans
Authors: LIPPA SARA M. , PASTOREK NICHOLAS J. , BENGE JARED F. , THORNTON G. MATTHEW 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBlast injury is common in current warfare, but little is known about the effects of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Profile analyses were conducted investigating differences in self-reported postconcussive (PC) symptoms in 339 veteran outpatients with mTBI histories reporting current symptoms based on mechanism of injury (blast only, nonblast only, or both blast and nonblast), number of blast injuries, and distance from the blast. Veterans with any blast-related mTBI history were younger and reported higher posttraumatic stress symptoms than veterans with nonblast-related mTBI histories, with a marginally significant difference in posttraumatic stress symptom report between veterans reporting blast-related mTBI only and those reporting nonblast-related mTBI. The groups did not differ in terms of PC symptom severity or PC symptom cluster profiles. Among veterans with blast-related mTBI histories, PC symptom report did not vary by number of blast-related mTBIs or proximity to blast. Overall, posttraumatic stress symptoms accounted for a substantial portion of variance in PC symptom report. In veteran outpatients with remote mTBI histories who have enduring symptom complaints related to the mTBI, mechanism of injury did not clearly contribute to differential PC symptom severity or PC symptom cluster profile. Proximal rather than distal factors may be important intervention targets in returning symptomatic veterans with mTBI histories. (JINS, 2010, 16, 856–866.)
Interventionen und deren Effekte auf pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz – Eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Mantovan Franco , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Huber Markus , Schulc Eva , Them Christa 
Published: August 2010

Durch die häusliche Pflegesituation sind pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz einer Vielzahl an physischen, psychischen und sozialen Belastungen bzw. Einschränkungen ausgesetzt und laufen Gefahr, selbst zu erkranken. Pflegende Angehörige benötigen adäquate Entlastungsangebote, um die Pflege ihres Familienmitglieds zuhause so lange und so gesund wie möglich durchführen zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden anhand einer systematischen Literaturübersicht Entlastungs- und Förderinterventionen und deren Effekte auf pflegende Angehörige von Demenzerkrankten recherchiert und dargestellt. Aus der Ergebnisdarstellung geht hervor, dass psychoedukative, pflegeentlastende, unterstützende, psychotherapeutische und multimodale Angebote sowie Case und Care Management bei pflegenden Angehörigen signifikante Effekte auf Ergebnisparameter wie Belastungen, Depressivität, subjektives Wohlbefinden, Fähigkeiten/Wissen sowie Symptome und Institutionalisierung des Pflegebedürftigen zeigen. Keine der untersuchten Interventionen deckt jedoch alle Ergebnisparameter ab. Um eine individuelle Versorgung pflegender Angehöriger sicherstellen zu können, bedarf es eines übergeordneten organisatorischen Konzepts (z. B. Case/Care Management, Family Health Nursing) das die Bedürfnisse der pflegenden Angehörigen erkennt, bedarfsgerechte Angebote für pflegende Angehöriger kombiniert und vernetzt. Diplomierte Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegepersonen könnten als «Care Manager» oder «Family Health Nurses» bei der Sicherstellung der häuslichen Pflege von Menschen mit Demenz eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Weitere Untersuchungen zu multimodalen Angeboten bzw. Case bzw. Care Management werden benötigt, wobei eine sorgfältige Wahl des Studiendesigns, der Stichprobengröße und der Ergebnisparameter (Assessmentinstrumente) getroffen werden muss, um signifikante Ergebnisse und homogene Daten zu produzieren.
The influence of body mass index on skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate
Authors: Löffler H. , Aramaki J. U. N. , Effendy Isaak 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The influence of nutrition on the physiological functions of man is well studied. Numerous diseases can be exacerbated by obesity. However, it has not yet been determined whether body weight and body mass index (BMI), as an indicator of a high body fat store, can influence skin sensitivity.Objective:  This study investigates the correlation between body mass index and the epidermal functions, evaluated by bioengineering methods, before and after an irritant patch test with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS).Methods:  Epidermal functions were evaluated using an evaporimeter, chromameter and laser‐Doppler‐flowmeter. Patch testing was conducted for 48 h with two different concentrations of SLS (0.25% and 0.5%) on the forearms of healthy volunteers. Measurements were performed 24 h after patch removal.Results:  Obese individuals showed significantly increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin blood flow and skin colour (red) as compared to a control group. However, the degree of skin sensitivity to SLS was not correlated with BMI.Conclusion:  Basal biophysical parameters of the skin are primarily correlated with the BMI. This may be caused by obesity‐induced physiological changes, e.g. increased sweat gland activity, high blood pressure and physiological temperature‐regulating system. The epidermal barrier function, as evaluated after SLS patch testing is, however, not correlated with a high BMI, indicating a normal skin barrier.
A novel determination of the local dark matter density
Authors: Riccardo Catena  , Piero Ullio  
Published: August 2010

We present a novel study on the problem of constructing mass
models for the Milky Way, concentrating on features regarding the
dark matter halo component. We have considered a variegated sample
of dynamical observables for the Galaxy, including several results
which have appeared recently, and studied a 7- or 8-dimensional
parameter space - defining the Galaxy model - by implementing a
Bayesian approach to the parameter estimation based on a Markov
Chain Monte Carlo method. The main result of this analysis is a
novel determination of the local dark matter halo density which,
assuming spherical symmetry and either an Einasto or an NFW density
profile is found to be around 0.39 GeV cm−3 with a 1-σ
error bar of about 7%; more precisely we find a ρ
DM
(R
0) = 0.385±0.027 GeV cm−3 for the Einasto profile and
ρ
DM
(R
0) = 0.389±0.025 GeV cm−3 for the
NFW. This is in contrast to the standard assumption that
ρ
DM
(R
0) is about 0.3 GeV cm−3 with an uncertainty of a
factor of 2 to 3. A very precise determination of the local halo
density is very important for interpreting direct dark matter
detection experiments. Indeed the results we produced, together with
the recent accurate determination of the local circular velocity,
should be very useful to considerably narrow astrophysical
uncertainties on direct dark matter detection.
Engineered spin chains for perfect quantum state transfer
Authors: Nguyen Bich Ha , Nguyen Van Hieu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The transfer of quantum states along spin chains with the XY Heisenberg exchange interaction between nearest-neighbour spins and without decoherence was studied. It was shown that there exists a wide class of engineered mirror-symmetric N-spin-chains that allow the perfect quantum state transfer from one end of each chain to the other. The sets of values of physical parameters of these N-spin-chains were established.
Synthesis, capping and binding of colloidal gold nanoparticles to proteins
Authors: Nghiem Thi Ha Lien , La Thi Huyen , Vu Xuan Hoa , Chu Viet Ha , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Le Quang Huan , Fort Emmanuel , Do Quang Hoa , Tran Hong Nhung 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a stabilizing agent and biofunctionalized layer for water-dispersed gold nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from metal precursor HAuCl
4. The BSA binding to gold NPs was characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by transmission electron microscopy, UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometers. HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) specific phage antibodies were attached to BSA stabilized gold NPs to form a gold–antibody complex. An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test was done to confirm the bioactivity of antibodies attached to gold NPs.
Oxidation of a platinum microwire surface applied in glucose detection
Authors: Pham Xuan Thanh Tung , Tuyen Le Thi Thanh , Duy Tran Phu , Van Pham Binh , Hien Tong Duy , Chien Dang Mau 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of the surface oxidation of platinum (Pt) microwires in aqueous sulfuric acid (H
2
SO
4) solutions by using a cyclic voltammetry technique. The Pt microwire chips were scanned and applied with voltage potentials ranging from 0 to 1.4 V in the H
2
SO
4 solution with concentrations from 0.0003 to 0.0018 M to find out the optimized concentration of sulfuric acid for the oxidation process. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements show the oxidation peak at a potential range from 1.1 to 1.2 V. This is the peak of the interfacial place exchange of chemisorbed O (O

chem
) and surface Pt atoms, resulting in the formation of a quasi-3D surface PtO lattice comprising Pt
2+ and O
2−. The oxidized surface Pt microwires were then functionalized with a 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) and glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized onto the functionalized chips for further application in glucose detection. By using this process, Pt microwires have been used for the successful detection of glucose in solution with concentrations in the range of 4–20 mM.
Framework of stock-recovery strategies: analyses of factors affecting success and failure
Authors: Hammer Cornelius , von Dorrien Christian , Hopkins Christopher C. E. , Köster Fritz W. , Nilssen Einar M. , St John Michael , Wilson Douglas C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHammer, C., von Dorrien, C., Hopkins, C. C. E., Köster, F. W., Nilssen, E. M., St John, M., and Wilson, D. C. 2010. Framework of stock-recovery strategies: analyses of factors affecting success and failure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1849–1855. The EU FP6 UNCOVER project was aimed at producing a rational scientific basis for developing recovery strategies for some ecologically and socio-economically important fish stocks/fisheries in European seas. The immediate objectives were to identify changes experienced during stock depletion/collapses, to understand prospects for recovery, to enhance the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of recovery, and to formulate recommendations on how best to implement long-term management/recovery plans. We extended an earlier analysis conducted within the project of 13 performance criteria in relation to the recovery of more than 30 fish stocks/fisheries worldwide by multivariate exploratory analysis (canonical correspondence analysis), followed by model building [discriminant analysis (DA)] to quantify the relative importance of key performance criteria, singly or combined. Using the existing database, DA indicated that the four best additive predictors of successful recovery were “rapid reduction in fishing mortality”, “environmental conditions during the recovery period”, “life-history characteristics” of the target stock, and “management performance criteria”. The model classified the status “recovered” and “non-recovered” assigned originally with nearly 100% accuracy.
A re‐examination of the induction of phloem transfer cell development in pea leaves (Pisum sativum)
Authors: HENRY YVONNE , STEER MARTIN W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The development of phloem transfer cells in expanded dark grown leaflets of pea seedlings (Pisum sativum) has been re‐examined. In agreement with previous observations transfer cells in leaflets maintained in the dark did not form wall ingrowths to the same extent as those placed in the light. A previous report that exposure to light in a carbon dioxide depleted atmosphere inhibited wall ingrowth formation could not be confirmed. It was found that dark grown leaflets could be induced to form wall ingrowths without illumination by immersing them in a glucose solution, demonstrating for the first time that light is not necessary for phloem transfer cell differentiation in leaves.Attempts were made to alter the carbohydrate level in the whole seedling by removing the cotyledons, but this had no recognizable effect on wall ingrowth formation in any of the treatments. Starch grain formation in the plastids was taken as an indication of available soluble carbohydrate level in the leaflets. It is concluded that both light and the presence of soluble carbohydrate can independently induce wall ingrowth formation in phloem transfer cells of pea leaflets.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PLASTID DNA IN TWO ANOMALOUSLY PIGMENTED DINOFLAGELLATES1
Authors: Kite Geoffrey C. , Dodge John D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe structural organization of DNA in the plastids of two anomalously pigmented dinoflagellates, Glenodinium foliaceum Stein and Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt, was determined using the DNA‐specific fluorochrome DAPI and correlated with TEM observations. The plastids of G. foliaceum were found to possess both a peripheral DNA ring and isolated point nucleoids. This arrangement was shown to be similar to that of the diatom Asterionella formosa Hass. and may be characteristic of the Bacillariophyceae. G. aureolum exhibited a novel distribution of plastid. DNA as one or two beaded bands, whereas the plastids of the similarly pigmented haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay & Mohler, possessed scattered point nucleoids. These findings support the idea that G. foliaceum harbours an endosymbiotic diatom, but suggest that the plastids of G. aureolum and E. huxleyi are unrelated. The use of plastid DNA configuration as a phylogenetic marker is considered.
NUCLEAR SYNCHRONY IN VALONIA MACROPHYSA(CHLOROPHYTA): LIGHT MICROSCOPY AND FLOW CYTOMETRY1
Authors: Staves Mark P. , La Claire John W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe coenocytic alga Valonia macrophysa Kützing was selected for an investigation of nuclear synchrony in the order Siphonocladales. Light microscopy reveals that nuclear synchrony is evident as patches of nuclei dividing simultaneously. Flow cytometry was utilized for the first time with a macroalga for cell‐cycle analysis. Results indicate that nuclei in the entire cell exhibit a high degree of synchrony throughout the cell cycle. Also it appears that cells within a clonal culture are synchronous with each other, in their progression through the cell cycle. The advantages of using flow cytometry for cell‐cycle analysis of coenocytic algae include the rapid collection of quantitative data on relative DNA content for a large number of nuclei.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE FLAGELLA OF THE COLORLESS PHAGOTROPH PERANEMA TRICHOPHORUM (EUGLENOPHYCEAE). I. FLAGELLAR MASTIGONEMES1
Authors: Hilenski Lula L. , Walne Patricia L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe organization of two types of nontubular mastigonemes associated with the anterior flagellar surface of the phagotrophic biflagellate Peranema trichophorum (Ehrenberg) Stein is described from studies of thin sections, negative‐stained and shadow‐cast preparations of both intact and isolated, detergent‐treated flagella. Long mastigonemes form a unilateral, spiral array of tufts which curve toward the distal end of the flagellum, while two short mastigoneme ribbons form unequal halves of a bilateral array parallel to the flagellar long axis. Each ribbon is composed of individual overlapping fan‐shaped tiers of short mastigonemes interlinked by fine fibrils. A model proposed for Peranema mastigonemes is similar to recent models of mastigoneme organization in Euglena.
INTERACTING EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION ON THE GROWTH RATE OFSYNECHOCOCCUS LINEARIS(CYANOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Healey F. Patrick 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe blue‐green algaSynechococcus linearis(Naeg.) Kom. was grown in P‐ and N‐limited chemostats over a range of potentially limiting irradiances in order to determine the combined effects of light and nutrient limitation on some aspects of the composition and metabolism of this alga. Over a narrow range of low irradiances, simultaneous limitation of growth rate by light and either N or P was shown. This simultaneous limitation of growth rate by a nutrient and a physical factor can be explained by the ability of an increased supply of one to compensate in part for a decreased supply of the other. At all irradiances, the internal concentration of the limiting nutrient increased with increasing dilution rate, and the results could be fitted to the Droop relationship. With decreasing irradiance, the internal concentration of the limiting nutrient increased. There appeared to be little or no effect of light on the minimum internal concentration of P but that of N increased with decreasing light. Both chlorophyllaand biliprotein per unit particulate C increased with increasing dilution rate and decreasing irradiance. The critical N/P ratio increased with decreasing light as the N requirement of N‐limited cells increased faster than did the P requirement of P‐limited cells. The composition of exponentially growing cells in complete medium varied much less with light. Neither dilution rate nor irradiance during growth had a great effect on saturated rates of P or N uptake or alkaline phosphatase activity. Calculated assimilation ratios increased with light and dilution rate. The role of the flexibility of nutrient composition in adaptation to adverse conditions and the implications of the results for the use of physiological indicators of nutrient status are discussed.
SILICON UPTAKE BY ALGAE WITH NO KNOWN Si REQUIREMENT. II. STRONG pH DEPENDENCE OF UPTAKE KINETIC PARAMETERS IN PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Riedel Gerhardt F. , Nelson David M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSilicon uptake kinetics of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) were examined at pH 8.8 ± 0.1 and pH 9.1 ± 0.1. Uptake follows hyperbolic saturation kinetics at both pH's, but at the higher pH the half‐saturation constant for uptake is 11.8 μM, as opposed to 54.8 μM at the lower pH. When the uptake rate is examined as a function of the calculated concentration of the monovalent conjugate base, SiO(OH)3−, the half‐saturation constant for uptake is 6.6 μM at either pH.