bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Yu Fan , Zheng Pei‐Qing , Long Yu‐Xiang , Ren Yan‐Ping , Kong Xiang‐Jian , Long La‐Sheng , Yuan You‐Zhu , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catalytic properties of four polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal‐organic frameworks, {[Cu2(4,4′‐bipy)4(H2O)4](SiW12O40)(H2O)18}n (1), {[Cu2(4,4′‐bipy)4(H2O)4](SiW12O40)(4,4′‐bipy)2(H2O)4}n (2), {[Cu2(4,4′‐bipy)4(H2O)4](PW12O40)(H2O)18}n (3), and {[Cu2(4,4′‐bipy)4(H2O)4](PMo12O40)(H2O)18}n (4) (bipy = bipyridine), for the oxidation of ethylbenzene were investigated. Complexes 1–4, which feature 3D frameworks formed through static incorporation between distinct Keggin POMs and the same voids in the 2D network of [Cu2(4,4′‐bipy)4(H2O)4]n4n+, show the distinct conversion and selectivity for the oxidation of ethylbenzene. Investigation into the difference in the catalytic activity of 1–4 reveals that the oxidation of the substrate was performed in the pore of the framework and that the valence of the metal ion in the polyoxometalates significantly affects the catalytic activity of the 3D framework.
Invariance of firing rate and field potential dynamics to stimulus modulation rate in human auditory cortex
Authors: Mukamel Roy , Nir Yuval , Harel Michal , Arieli Amos , Malach Rafael , Fried Itzhak 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of stimulus modulation rate on the underlying neural activity in human auditory cortex is not clear. Human studies (using both invasive and noninvasive techniques) have demonstrated that at the population level, auditory cortex follows stimulus envelope. Here we examined the effect of stimulus modulation rate by using a rare opportunity to record both spiking activity and local field potentials (LFP) in auditory cortex of patients during repeated presentations of an audio‐visual movie clip presented at normal, double, and quadruple speeds. Mean firing rate during evoked activity remained the same across speeds and the temporal response profile of firing rate modulations at increased stimulus speeds was a linearly scaled version of the response during slower speeds. Additionally, stimulus induced power modulation of local field potentials in the high gamma band (64–128 Hz) exhibited similar temporal scaling as the neuronal firing rate modulations. Our data confirm and extend previous studies in humans and anesthetized animals, supporting a model in which both firing rate, and high‐gamma LFP power modulations in auditory cortex follow the temporal envelope of the stimulus across different modulation rates. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential temporo‐fronto‐temporal activation during monitoring of the auditory environment for temporal patterns
Authors: Halgren Eric , Sherfey Jason , Irimia Andrei , Dale Anders M. , Marinkovic Ksenija 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSubjects detected rarely occurring shifts between two simple tone‐patterns, in a paradigm that dissociated the effects of rarity from those of pitch, habituation, and attention. Whole‐head magnetoencephalography suggested that rare attended pattern‐shifts evoked activity first in the superior temporal plane (sTp, peak ∼100 ms), then superior temporal sulcus (sTs, peak ∼130 ms), then posteroventral prefrontal (pvpF, peak ∼230 ms), and anterior temporal cortices (aT, peak ∼370 ms). Activity was more prominent in the right hemisphere. After subtracting the effects of nonshift tones (balanced for pitch and habituation status), weak but consistent differential effects of pattern‐shifts began in aT at 90–130 ms, spread to sTs and sTp at ∼130 ms, then pvpF, and finally returned to aT. Cingulate activity resembled prefrontal. Responses to pattern shifts were greatly attenuated when the same stimuli were ignored, suggesting that the initial superior temporal activity reflected an attention‐related mismatch negativity. The prefrontal activity at ∼230 ms corresponded in latency and task correlates with simultaneously recorded event‐related potential components N2b and P3a; the subsequent temporal activity corresponded to the P3b. These results were confirmed in sensors specific for frontal or temporal cortex, and thus are independent of the inverse method used. Overall, these results suggest that auditory working memory for temporal patterns begins with detection of the pattern change by an interaction of anterior and superior temporal structures, followed by identification of the event and its consequences led by posteroventral prefrontal and cingulate cortices, and finally, definitive encoding of the event in anterior temporal areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of private health insurance on medical care utilization and self‐assessed health in Germany
Authors: Hullegie Patrick , Klein Tobias J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn Germany, employees are generally obliged to participate in the public health insurance system, where coverage is universal, co‐payments and deductibles are moderate, and premia are based on income. However, they may buy private insurance instead if their income exceeds the compulsory insurance threshold. Here, premia are based on age and health, individuals may choose to what extent they are covered, and deductibles and co‐payments are common. In this paper, we estimate the effect of private insurance coverage on the number of doctor visits, the number of nights spent in a hospital and self‐assessed health. Variation in income around the compulsory insurance threshold provides a natural experiment that we exploit to control for selection into private insurance. We document that income is measured with error and suggest an approach to take this into account. We find negative effects of private insurance coverage on the number of doctor visits, no effects on the number of nights spent in a hospital, and positive effects on health. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral endoscopic anatomy of the parapharyngeal space: A step‐by‐step logical approach with surgical considerations
Authors: Dallan Iacopo , Seccia Veronica , Muscatello Luca , Lenzi Riccardo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Montevecchi Filippo , Tschabitscher Manfred , Vicini Claudio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundSurgical approaches to the parapharyngeal spaces are challenging. Little is known about the transoral perspective of the anatomy of the parapharyngeal space. Thus, transoral approaches are seldom performed, and only for small‐sized tumors.MethodsSix freshly injected cadaver heads were dissected to illustrate the transoral surgical anatomy of the parapharyngeal space.ResultsThe transoral window dominates the parapharyngeal space from the medial pterygoid muscle laterally to the superior constrictor muscle medially. The stylopharyngeus and styloglossus muscles seem to be critical landmarks in this approach. Posterior to these muscles and laterally to the superior constrictor muscle, the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and lower cranial nerves are identifiable.ConclusionThis anatomic study emphasizes the critical role of the superior constrictor, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus muscles and highlights the concept of a logical step by step technique that allows the identification of important structures and the creation of safe surgical corridors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography‐CT evaluation for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma: Meta‐analysis and literature review
Authors: Miller Mia E. , Chen Qiaolin , Elashoff David , Abemayor Elliot , St. John Maie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundSensitivity and specificity data regarding positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT for surveillance of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer does not evaluate subtypes separately. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma may have different characteristics on PET/CT imaging and so should be investigated individually.MethodsThis is a systematic meta‐analysis of studies using PET for surveillance in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.ResultsUsing different statistical models, combined sensitivity of PET and PET/CT for papillary thyroid carcinoma was 77% by the fixed effect model and 82% by the random‐effects model, specificity was calculated as 85% and 84%, respectively. Meta‐regression was performed to evaluate whether I‐131 negativity affected PET positivity; no correlation between I‐131 negativity and PET sensitivity or specificity was found.ConclusionPET and PET/CT are useful modalities in surveillance of papillary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine papillary thyroid carcinoma independently of other subtypes of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Mandibular cuniculatum carcinoma: Apropos of 3 cases and literature review
Authors: Pons Yoann , Kerrary Siham , Cox Amanda , Guerre Agnès , Bertolus Chloé , Gruffaz Françoise , Capron Frédérique , Goudot Patrick , Ruhin‐Poncet Blandine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundCuniculatum carcinoma is a well‐differentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma that shares histologic characteristics with papillary squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. Cuniculatum carcinoma usually occurs on the plantar region, and only 16 cases involving the oral cavity have been described in the literature.MethodsThe authors have reported 3 cases of mandibular cuniculatum carcinoma. All of the patients were in a great deal of pain. Histologic diagnosis was difficult due to the presence of few cellular atypies. Clinical criteria, osseous lysis, and the coexistence of multiple intraosseous well‐differentiated, hyperkeratotic papillomatous lesions with few cellular atypies sign the diagnosis.ResultsNo local recurrence has been reported after treatment with radical surgery alone.ConclusionThe diagnosis is often delayed. Although cuniculatum carcinoma displays aggressive behavior locally, lymph node infiltration and metastasis are rare. The therapy of choice is surgical removal with free margins, after which the prognosis is excellent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Carbohydrate‐based Biomedical Copolymers for Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: David Ayelet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA variety of strategies and carrier molecules have been used to direct therapeutic agents to tumor sites. The incorporation of a specific targeting moiety to drug carrier may result in active drug uptake by malignant cells. Carbohydrates are important mediators of cell–cell recognition events and have been implicated in related processes such as cell signaling regulation, cellular differentiation, and immune response. The biocompatibility of carbohydrates and their ability to be specifically recognized by cell‐surface receptors indicate their potential utility as ligands in targeted drug delivery for therapeutic applications. Yet, carbohydrates are not ideal targeting ligands because they are difficult to synthesize, bind weakly to carbohydrate receptors, and are prone to suffer from enzyme degradation due to labile glycosidic linkages. This review describes the design and development of HPMA‐based biomedical copolymers to facilitate the selective delivery of drugs to tumor tissues via carbohydrate–endogenous lectin interactions. Various carbohydrate‐decorated HPMA copolymer–drug conjugates are presented and the application of the copolymers for drug delivery is discussed. Current efforts to increase the affinity of carbohydrate ligands for their target receptors through multivalent display are also discussed. These novel HPMA copolymer carbohydrate conjugates hold promise as clinically relevant drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
The effect of an electrically conductive carbon nanotube/collagen composite on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells
Authors: Cho Youngnam , Borgens Richard Ben 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report the preparation of an electrically conductive composite composed of collagen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and its use as a substrate for the in vitro growth of PC12 cells. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the homogenous dispersion of CNTs in the collagen matrix. Four‐point probe and cyclic voltammogram studies demonstrated the enhanced electroactivity and a lowered electrical resistivity of the resulting composites even at low loadings (<5%) of CNTs. Cellular metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay. Cell viability was systematically related to the amount of CNTs embedded in the collagen matrix. SEM and immunofluorescent images have indicated that the morphological features of PC12 cells were dominantly influenced by electrical potential. Greater neurite extension was preferentially induced on the exposure of electrical stimulation by facilitating the differentiation of PC12 cells into neurons indicated by more significant filopodium extension. These electrically conductive, biocompatible CNT/collagen composites could be of benefit for the development of novel neural electrodes, enhancing the growth, differentiation, and branching of neurons in an electrically driven way. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Effects of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Authors: Agis Hermann , Beirer Benedict , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) serve as carriers for growth factors and bone substitutes. Although both carriers are placed into the defect sites, their impacts on bone regeneration are unclear. Herein, we examined whether CMC and HPMC affect the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We therefore induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in murine bone marrow progenitors in the presence of CMC and HPMC, respectively. Measures of osteoclastogesis were based on the number and activity of tartrate‐resistant acid‐phosphatase‐positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cells and expression of marker genes. Osteoblastogenesis was determined by the number and activity of alkaline‐phosphatase‐positive (AP+) colonies and relevant marker genes. Viability was assessed by colorimetric measurement of formazan formation. We report that CMC at 1% caused a significant reduction in the number and activity of TRAP+ multinucleated cells. Changes in viability were not responsible for the observed effects. HPMC showed no remarkable impact on osteoclastogenesis; however, the concentration was limited to 0.5% because of the high viscosity. The ability of bone marrow progenitors to form AP+ colonies was not affected by either of the two carriers. Together, these results suggest that CMC and possibly also HPMC can decrease osteoclastogenesis while osteoblastogenesis remains unchanged in vitro. These observations raise the possibility that these carriers might affect the cellular process of bone regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
PLGA nanofiber‐coated silk microfibrous scaffold for connective tissue engineering
Authors: Sahoo Sambit , Lok Toh Siew , Hong Goh James Cho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA modified degumming technique, involving boiling in 0.25% Na2CO3with addition of 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate and intermittent ultrasonic agitation, was developed for knitted silk scaffolds. Sericin was efficiently removed, while mechanical and structural properties of native silk fibroin were preserved. Biocompatible and mechanically robust hybrid nano‐microscaffolds were fabricated by coating these degummed silk scaffolds with an intervening adhesive layer of silk solution followed by electrospun poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers. Cell proliferation on the hybrid silk scaffolds was improved by seeding cells on both surfaces of the flat scaffolds. Rolling up and continued culture of the cell‐seeded hybrid scaffolds yielded cylindrical constructs that permitted cell proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and generated ligament/tendon graft analogs. Although PLGA‐based hybrid scaffolds have earlier been proposed for dense connective tissue engineering, rapid biodegradation of PLGA was a drawback. In contrast, the underlying strong and slowly‐degrading microfibrous silk scaffold used in this study ensured that the hybrid scaffold maintained adequate mechanical properties for longer periods, which is vital for continued support to the injured ligament/tendon throughout its healing period. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Fabrication and evaluation of a biodegradable cohesive plug based on reconstituted collagen/γ‐polyglutamic acid
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Yin , Cheng Ya‐Yun , Tsai Shiao‐Wen , Tsai Wei‐Bor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the past decade, numerous studies have been devoted to developing natural bioadhesives that have the notable capacity to adhere to wet surfaces. Collagen and γ‐polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) are well‐known natural hydrophilic polymers that have both been utilized for their versatility in a wide range of biomedical applications. The aim of this study was the construction and characterization of a cohesive plug composed of γ‐PGA and reconstituted collagen fibrils crosslinked with water‐soluble carbodiimide. Transmission electron microscopy examinations confirmed that the collagen fibrils in the reconstituted collagen/γ‐PGA gel retained their native specific D‐period structure. This unique D‐pattern structure of collagen plays a major role in hemostasis and is also related to several cellular behaviors. The bonding strength of the reconstituted collagen/γ‐PGA adhesive was approximately 42.9 ± 4.0 KPa after 5 min of application and increased to 76.5 ± 15.1 KPa after 24 h. This was much stronger than the fibrin adhesive, whose bonding strength was 30.9 ± 0.2 KPa. Furthermore, the reconstituted collagen/γ‐PGA gel degraded gradually after subcutaneous implantation in the backs of rats over a period of 8 weeks, without any severe inflammatory response. On the basis of the histological analysis, fibroblasts migrated into the gel while it degraded, which indicates that the gel is not harmful to cellular activity. Together, these findings demonstrate that using reconstituted collagen with retained D‐periodicity as a component of the bioadhesive is a possibly better option to formulate effective adhesiveness and is promising as a scaffold for tissue repair. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Asian ginseng extract inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of mouse lewis lung carcinoma via modulation of ERK‐p53 and NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Cheung Simon Shiu Fai , Li Ting , Jiang Zhi‐Hong , Wang Jing‐Rong , Dong Hang , Yi Xiao Qin , Zhou Hua , Liu Liang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAsian ginseng (AG) is the most commonly used medicinal herb in Asian countries. It is often prescribed for cancer patients as a complementary remedy. However, whether AG in fact benefits cancer patients remains unknown because some studies reported that AG facilitates tumor growth, which contradicts its usage as a dietary remedy to cancer patients. In addition, most of research works on ginseng for anti‐cancer were using single ginsenoside rather than whole root extracts used in clinics. Thus, intensive studies using the type of ginseng as its clinical form are necessary to validate its benefits to cancer patients. In this study, anti‐tumor potency and underlying molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of AG (EAG) were examined in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC‐1). We showed that EAG significantly suppressed tumor growth in LLC‐1‐bearing mice with concomitant down‐regulation of PCNA proliferative marker, and it exhibited specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells. EAG also induced MAPK and p53 signaling in LLC‐1 cells, which suppressed cyclin B–cdc2 complex and in turn induced G2–M arrest and apoptosis. Although EAG could activate NF‐κB signaling, the proteasome inhibitor of MG‐132 could effectively prevent NF‐κB targeted gene expression induced by EAG and then sensitize LLC‐1 cells to induce EAG‐mediated apoptosis. Collectively, EAG in a relatively high dose significantly suppressed tumor growth in LLC‐1‐bearing mice, indicating that AG may benefit lung cancer patients as a dietary supplement. This is the first report demonstrating possible combination of EAG with proteasome inhibitors could be a novel strategy in anti‐cancer treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 899–910, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic and redox‐proteomic evaluation of homogentisic acid and ascorbic acid effects on human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Braconi Daniela , Laschi Marcella , Taylor Adam M. , Bernardini Giulia , Spreafico Adriano , Tinti Laura , Gallagher James A. , Santucci Annalisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare genetic disease associated with the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and its oxidized/polymerized products in connective tissues up to the deposition of melanin‐like pigments (ochronosis). Since little is known on the effects of HGA and its metabolites on articular cells, we carried out a proteomic and redox‐proteomic analysis to investigate how HGA and ascorbic acid (ASC) affect the human chondrocytic protein repertoire. We settled up an in vitro model using a human chondrocytic cell line to evaluate the effects of 0.33 mM HGA, alone or combined with ASC. We found that HGA and ASC significantly affect the levels of proteins with specific functions in protein folding, cell organization and, notably, stress response and cell defense. Increased protein carbonyls levels were found either in HGA or ASC treated cells, and evidences produced in this paper support the hypothesis that HGA‐induced stress might be mediated by protein oxidation. Our finding can lay the basis towards the settling up of more sophisticated models to study AKU and ochronosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 922–932, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fullerene–polyvinylpyrrolidone clathrate localizes in the cytoplasm to prevent Ultraviolet‐A ray‐induced DNA‐fragmentation and activation of the transcriptional factor NF‐kappaB
Authors: Xiao Li , Aoshima Hisae , Saitoh Yasukazu , Miwa Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBy Western blot and immunostaining we proved that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐wrapped fullerene molecules (PVP–fullerene) could combine the 8‐ and 53‐kb proteins which localize in the membrane of human skin keratinocytes HaCaT. Only fullerene molecules are able to cross the lipid membrane and conjugate 53‐kb proteins in the cytosol. There are no fullerene molecules detectable in the nucleus or cytoskeleton. Ultraviolet‐A (UVA)‐irradiation on HaCaT or normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM) caused nuclear fragmentations, lowering of intracellular DNA‐contents below diploidy, concurrently with the repressed DNA synthesis and the increased DNA‐3′OH cleavage terminals, all of which were repressed by PVP–fullerene, as shown by flow cytometry and PI‐ or TUNEL‐stain fluorography. Translocation of the transcriptional factor NF‐kappaB in the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the keratinocytes was caused with UVA and repressed by PVP–fullerene with cytoprotective effects. Thus, the PVP–fullerene may be developed as a UV‐protective agent with DNA‐preservative effects owing to its combinative ability to molecules in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane, and then represses cellular oxidative stress and blocks abnormal signal pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 955–966, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.