bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Cholesterol and Relative Body Weight of Coronary Patients in Different Populations
Authors: KEYS ANCEL , FIDANZA FLAMINIO 
Published: June 2012

Men under 66 years of age suffering from unequivocal coronary heart disease in the Twin Cities of Minnesota and in Naples, Italy, were compared with clinically healthy men matched in place of residence, age, type of occupation, and socioeconomic status.

The Twin Cities patients (
N
= 72) did not differ in relative body weight from their controls (
N
= 338) and the average relative weight of both groups was less than either of the 2 Naples coronary groups and the upper class Naples control subjects. The average relative body weight of the upper class Naples coronary patients (
N
= 54) was insignificantly greater than that of their controls (
N
= 89). The Naples working class coronary patients (
N
= 54) had a significant tendency to be more often overweight than their controls (
N
= 144).

The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in each of the 3 groups of coronary patients than in their corresponding controls and the 3 groups, control and coronary, formed a sharp progression from high to low cholesterol values in the order: Twin Cities, Naples upper class, Naples working class. In the Naples working class, separation into manual and sedentary workers disclosed no differences in either relative body weight or serum cholesterol.
The differences in serum cholesterol were accounted for by cholesterol in beta-lipoprotein. None of the 3 control groups differed in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration but in each of the 3 populations the coronary patients tended to have lower alpha values than their controls.
The cholesterol data are compatible with the hypothesis that the 3 populations have different frequency distributions of cholesterol values, the coronary patients in each population tending to be drawn from the upper end of the corresponding population distribution, with no general critical level distinguishing all coronary patients as a total group.
In the past several years coronary patients in the Twin Cities tend to be so frequently on diets or drugs to control cholesterol that it is increasingly difficult to find patients who may properly characterize the natural history of the disease. The patients reported here were free from this complication.
Relationship between the Electrocardiogram and the Position of the Heart as Determined by Biplane Angiocardiography
Authors: GUNTHEROTH WARREN G. , OVENFORS CARL-OLOF , IKKOS DANAE 
Published: June 2012

Anatomic orientation of the heart was determined in 53 patients by selective, biplane angiocardiography, and was compared with the mean electric axis and the location of the transition zone from conventional electrocardiograms. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between (a) the anatomic axis and the electric axis in the frontal plane, or (b) between the electric axis and rotation of the heart about its longitudinal axis, or (c) the location of the interventricular septum and the transition zone of the precordial leads.
The electric variations are greater than can possibly be explained by known rotations of the heart about any anatomic axis.
The degrees of rotation about the heart's longitudinal axis assumed in the concept of "electrical positions" is beyond the range found in normal or hypertrophied hearts.
It is concluded that the electric positions of the heart should be abandoned in favor of direct description in three dimensions of the orientation of the mean electromotive force of the heart. Normal limits should be defined in percentiles or standard deviations.
Origin of Right Pulmonary Artery from Ascending Aorta
Authors: WAGENVOORT C. A. , NEUFELD HENRY N. , BIRGE RICHARD F. , CAFFREY JOHN A. , EDWARDS JESSE E. 
Published: June 2012

A case is reported of a 20-day-old infant with origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta. Besides its abnormal origin, the artery was stenotic in its proximal half. We believe the malformation results from persistence of the distal (instead of the proximal) part of the primitive sixth aortic arch and of a portion of the right dorsal aorta. The presence of ductal tissue in the wall of the right pulmonary artery supports this concept.
The pulmonary vasculature in the two lungs showed great differences in medial and intimal characteristics. A second case of origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta, deseribed elsewhere, provided material for comparative study of the structure of the right main pulmonary arteries and the intrapulmonary branches.
Ballistocardiographic Study in Severe Anemia
Authors: TANDON O. P. , KATIYAR B. C. 
Published: June 2012

Ballistocardiographic study in 10 cases of chronic severe anemia, with use of Dock's direct body ballistocardiograph, has been reported. The tracings were studied before and after treatment of anemia.
All cases showed abnormal ballistocardiograms. The abnormalities presented no specific pattern. Prior to treatment, in the majority of cases, the waves were smaller than normal. With few exceptions, the tracings tended to regain their normal size on correction of anemia. No tracings showed fused HJ complexes, tall H waves, notched J waves, M patterns, or high-amplitude curves either before or after treatment.
The present study shows that the state of severe anemia of chronic duration, impairs the mechanical force of cardiac contractions, and, on improvement of anemia, the functional state of the heart improves. Thus, it reflects the usefulness of this new tool in assessing the functional status of the heart in patients with chronically severe anemia.
Atrial Infarction of the Heart
Authors: LIU CHI KONG , GREENSPAN GILBERT , PICCIRILLO RONALD T. 
Published: June 2012

Six cases of atrial infarction associated with ventricular infarction are presented. All cases were diagnosed during life and were confirmed by autopsy.
A clinical diagnosis of atrial infarction should be suspected in patients with ventricular myocardial infarction having any form of atrial arrhythmia. Frequent electrocardiograms should be obtained, especially if sinus rhythm has just been re-established after episodes of supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation.

The
major
electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of atrial infarction are as follows: elevation of the P-Ta segment of over 0.5 mm. in V
5
; and V
6
with reciprocal depression of the same segment in V
1
and V
2
; elevation of the P-Ta segment of over 0.5 mm. in lead I and its depression in leads II or III; depression of the P-Ta segment of more than 1.5 mm. in precordial leads and 1.2 mm. in leads I, II, and III in the presence of any form of atrial arrhythmia.

The
minor
electrocardiographic criteria in making the diagnosis of atrial infarction are as follows: abnormal P waves: M-shaped, W-shaped, irregular or notched; depression of the P-Ta segment of small amplitude without elevation of this segment in other leads cannot be regarded by itself as positive evidence of atrial infarction.

A diagnosis of atrial infarction can sometimes be made when the presence of ventricular myocardial infarction cannot be definitely established by electrocardiogram.
The treatment of atrial infarction is similar to that of ventricular infarction. Attention should be directed to the control of atrial arrhythmias and to the prevention of mural thrombi.
Myocardial Response to Cigarette Smoking in Normal Subjects and Patients with Coronary Disease
Authors: REGAN T. J. , FRANK M. J. , MCGINTY J. F. , ZOBL E. , HELLEMS H. K. , BING R. J. 
Published: June 2012

The myocardial and peripheral hemodynamic effects of cigarette smoking have been assessed during a steady state situation in a group of normal subjects, and compared with a group of patients with coronary artery disease.
During smoking, in both groups there was augmentation of heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and left ventricular work, this response being somewhat greater in the coronary patients. Despite these hemodynamic alterations, neither group had a significant change in coronary blood flow, so that myocardial oxygen usage remained virtually identical with the value before smoking. There was no evidence of myocardial ischemia in the coronary subjects during smoking. The various factors, potentially responsible for the lack of myocardial blood flow increment are considered.
"Nonspecific" ST and T-Wave Changes
Authors: FRIEDBERG CHARLES K. , ZAGER ALBERT 
Published: June 2012

A study was made of 1,000 consecutive adult in-patient electrocardiograms to determine the possibility of making a more precise diagnosis than "nonspecific ST and T-wave changes." More than 50 per cent (209) of the 410 abnormal electrocardiograms (exclusive of arrhythmias) were characterized by nonspecific depression of ST segment or T wave inversion, or both.
These 209 cases comprised four groups: (1) 46 patients (22 per cent) had received digitalis, which could account for the ST-T changes; (2) 57 patients (27 per cent) had had an acute episode of cardiac pain within 5 days prior to the electrocardiogram; (3) 57 patients (27 per cent) had had no recent cardiac pain but suffered from some disease that could be regarded as a possible cause for the ST-T changes; and (4) 49 patients (24 per cent) had no apparent cause for the electrocardiographic changes. In the last group, in contrast with the others, the ST-segment depression was less than 0.5 mm. and the T-wave inversion less than 1 mm.
In patients with recent cardiac pain, as contrasted with those without such pain, the electrocardiograms were characterized by a combination of ST depression and T-wave inversion, with a depth of more than ½ mm. of the ST depression and more than 1 mm. inversion of the T wave, by isolated T-wave inversion of more than 2 mm. and especially by more than 5 mm. in the midprecordial leads, and by an ischemic contour of the ST segment that is depressed more than ½ mm.
There was no definite difference in the electrocardiographic findings in the patients with recent cardiac pain of less than ½ hour and those with recent cardiac pain of more than ½ hour when the cases with transmural infarction (Q-wave changes) were excluded. This is compatible with the concept that the electrocardiogram usually does not distinguish between subendoeardial ischemia and subendocardial necrosis. The latter differentiation would depend on multiple clinical and laboratory findings.
Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect of the Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal Type
Authors: NEUFELD HENRY N. , TITUS JACK L. , DUSHANE JAMES W. , BURCHELL HOWARD B. , EDWARDS JESSE E. 
Published: June 2012

Among 60 necropsy specimens of isolated ventricular septal defects and more than 300 cases of ventricular septal defect observed at operation, 15 cases demonstrating unusual anatomic positions of the defect were found. The ventricular defect differed from the ordinary ventricular septal defect in that it usually occupied the position of the ventricular component of the defect in persistent common atrioventricular canal. For this reason it was named
ventricular septal defect of the persistent common atrioventricular canal type.

Deformities of one or both atrioventricular valves were common (nine of 15 cases). No atrial septal defects of the ostium primum type were present. Anatomic studies of the conduction tissue revealed that this tissue skirted the posterior and inferior aspects of the ventricular septal defect and that, as in persistent common atrioventricular canal, the course taken by the conduction tissue was unusually long, as a result of the peculiar posteroinferior position of the lower edge of the defect.
The electrocardiographic features were striking. In all cases the mean electrical axis of the QRS lay above the isoelectric point; the vector loop obtained in the frontal plane from the scalar electrocardiogram was directed counterclockwise, and its main mass was above the zero line. In addition, in all cases there were signs of right ventricular overload, and in some cases of left ventricular overload as well.
Electrocardiographic findings of this pattern have been thought by some authors to be diagnostic of persistent common atrioventricular canal, but we observed that they also occurred in each of the cases of isolated ventricular septal defect of the variety described herein. We recognize that in the usual variety of ventricular septal defect this electrocardiographic pattern occurs, but it does so uncommonly. We have not studied its exact incidence. The anatomy, hemodynamics, and surgical considerations are different in cases with this defect from those with persistent common atrioventricular canal. The surgical risk in these cases has been higher than that in the usual type of ventricular septal defect.
In the discussion of the electrophysiologic theories that seek to explain the unusual electrocardiographic patterns in this group of cases, a new theory is offered, based on studies of the conduction system. In our opinion, the different orientation of the advancing fronts of depolarization is the result of congenital displacement of the bundle of His in its relation to the ventricular septal defect.
Serum Sodium and Potassium in Essential Hypertension
Authors: LEVINE BERNARD E. , WELLER JOHN M. , REMINGTON RICHARD D. 
Published: June 2012

This study was undertaken to determine if an association exists between blood pressure level and serum sodium or potassium concentration. All methods and measurements were standardized, and variables possibly influencing these factors were analyzed. Since increased salt intake has been postulated as an etiologic factor in essential hypertension, each patient was questioned in this regard.
Fifty normotensive and 43 hypertensive patients were studied. No significant associations were found between the height of the blood pressure, the serum sodium or potassium level, and the stated salt intake.
A Histopathologic Study of the Atrioventricular Communications in Two Hearts with the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: LEV MAURICE , KENNAMER REXFORD , PRINZMETAL MYRON , DE MESQUITA QUINTILIANO H. 
Published: June 2012

The atrioventricular communications and the AV node, bundle, and bundle branches of two cases with the WPW syndrome were studied histologically. One case was that of chronic Chagas' myocarditis and the other possible chronic Chagas' myocarditis.
Accessory muscular communications in the right atrioventricular junction were found in one heart, and no communications outside the conduction system in the other.
Inflammatory changes were found in the conduction system of both hearts.
The literature of the anatomic changes in hearts with the WPW syndrome, and that with the presence of accessory atrioventricular muscular communications without the WPW syndrome are reviewed.
From the study of the literature and of our two cases, it appears that some cases of the WPW syndrome are associated with accessory communications and others are not, and accessory communications may be present without this syndrome. Of the four cases with this syndrome, however, in which a thorough study has been made of all possible conduction pathways, three showed accessory communications. On the other hand, inflamatory changes in the pre-atrioventricular nodal area, AV node, bundle and bundle branches have been found in many cases of the WPW syndrome.
It is thus clear that an anatomic base has as yet not been established for the WPW syndrome. It is possible that a different mechanism may be responsible in different cases. The high incidence of inflammation of the conduction system in the studied cases makes accelerated conduction an attractive hypothesis, where no accessory bundles have been found. More correlative histologic and clinical work needs to be performed in this field.
Treatment of Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels with the Blalock-Hanlon Operation
Authors: OCHSNER JOHN L. , COOLEY DENTON A. , HARRIS LEONARD C. , MCNAMARA DAN G. 
Published: June 2012

Transposition of the great vessels is the most frequent cause of death from congenital heart disease in childhood. The high incidence and poor prognosis of this condition have stimulated the development of many palliative and corrective surgical procedures, but in general their results have been discouraging.
During the past 6 years at the Texas Children's Hospital 45 patients with transposition of the great vessels have undergone palliative operation by the creation of an atrial septal defect, using the Blalock-Hanlon technic. The prime criterion for the selection of a patient for surgical treatment was severe anoxemia with or without associated congestive heart failure. The majority of cases were under 1 year of age and 49 per cent less than 3 months of age at the time of surgery.
Among 28 patients operated upon during the past 2 years 23, or 82 per cent, survived operation with general improvement. Use of this palliative operation is recommended for the small infant or critically ill patient, and totally corrective procedures should be reserved until conditions are more favorable for survival.
Blood Pressure during Supine Exercise in Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: MARSHALL ROBERT J. , SCHIRGER ALEXANDER , SHEPHERD JOHN T. 
Published: June 2012

The arterial blood pressure was measured during exercise in six patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. In five there was a pronounced fall of arterial pressure while the subjects exercised in the supine position on a horizontal table. The systolic and diastolic pressures fell by an average of 50 and 32 mm. of mercury, respectively. During comparable exercise with the table tilted 15 degrees head downward, the pressures fell to a similar degree. Thus, an abnormal response of blood pressure occurred under conditions in which venous pooling was unlikely to be present.
It is suggested that the fall in blood pressure during exercise in the supine position was the result of failure of compensatory constriction of other vascular beds and not of failure of the cardiac output to increase. Thus, the net peripheral resistance in such patients is less than that in normal persons performing comparable exercise.
A Method of Photographing Fluorescence in Circulating Blood in the Human Retina
Authors: NOVOTNY HAROLD R. , ALVIS DAVID L. 
Published: June 2012

A simple method, with use of intravenous fluorescein, was used for producing and photographing fluorescence in circulating blood of the human retina.
Separate arteriolar and venous filling phases, arteriolovenous shunt, sluggish choroidal circulation, stratified flow of fluorescein, and rapid central retinal circulation times were observed in normal retinas.
Similar findings were seen in hypertensive and diabetic patients, and, in addition, neovascularization was clearly defined, and some cotton-wool patches, but not hemorrhages, were found to fluoresce.
Limitations and applications of the method are discussed.
Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase after Subcutaneous Heparin
Authors: CONNOR WILLIAM E. , ARMSTRONG MARK L. 
Published: June 2012

Plasma lipoprotein lipase was measured at intervals after the subcutaneous injection of heparin in 34 men. This enzyme was significantly increased in plasma for as long as 24 hours after a 50-mg. dose. While the initial response was greater after a 200-mg. dose, the 24-hour lipoprotein lipase was similar for both 50 mg. and 200 mg.
Plasma lipoprotein lipase produced after intravenous heparin was dissipated after 6 hours.
The lipoprotein-lipase response at 16 and 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection of heparin was similar in men with coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis and in healthy men. Age did not affect plasma lipoprotein-lipase response.
Patients who had received 50 mg. of heparin subcutaneously each day for an average time of 12 months did not have exhaustion of the lipoprotein-lipase response to a test dose of heparin.
It is suggested that the daily administration of heparin is necessary to produce a continuous concentration of plasma lipoprotein lipase. A dose of 50 mg. (5,000 units) given subcutaneously produced a prolonged lipoprotein-lipase response and only a mild anticoagulant effect, unlikely to induce the complication of bleeding.
Reactivity of Cardiac Vessels and Reparative Processes Following Cardiac Infarction
Authors: ANDREEV SERGEY V. 
Published: June 2012

It was stated that the human heart possesses a high vasomotor activity: in 1 to 3 minutes the coronary vessels may pass into a state of spasm or dilatation in such a manner that the volume flow may change up to 2 to 7 times. Apparently, this phenomenon discloses one of the mechanisms leading to prolonged spasm of the coronary arteries.
Vasomotor activity of the heart is characterized by three types of rhythmic oscillations of vessels, which differ from one another in amplitude, form, and frequency. In some intoxications (dysentery, diphtheria, pneumococcal infection) and diseases, vasomotor activity tends to decrease, whereas in the subacute stage of cardiac infarction in man and in dog, in angina pectoris, in atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, and in hypertensive disease, it seems to be compensatorily augmented.
Two-phased or distorted reaction of heart vessels is determined not only by the atherosclerotic process but by neurohumoral influences of necrotic focus upon the metabolism in the heart and in the vascular wall.
The most constant spasmolytic effect upon the vessels of the human heart was obtained by the administration of euphyllin and strophathin in low concentrations.
It was demonstrated that, in addition to vitamins, hormones, aminoacids, and mineral salts, many other factors participate in the regulation of vascular tone.

Acceleration of reparative processes in experimentally produced focal lesions of the heart was encountered after application of a complex treatment on animals with vitamins and aminoacids (B
12
, adenosinetriphosphate, methionine, and desoxyribonucleic acid).
A Comparison of the Pulmonary Blood Flow between Left and Right Lungs in Normal Subjects and Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: DOLLERY C. T. , WEST J. B. , WILCKEN D. E. L. , HUGH-JONES P. 
Published: June 2012

Carbon dioxide labeled with oxygen-15 has been used to study the regional blood flow in the lungs of patients with pulmonary stenosis. The upper and lower zone flows were normal in patients with isolated pulmonary stenosis, but both were low in patients with the tetralogy of Fallot. A comparison of the two upper zones showed a significantly higher blood flow through the left upper zone in patients with both isolated pulmonary stenosis and the tetralogy of Fallot.
A significantly higher flow was also found through the left upper zone than the right of normal subjects. By contrast, patients with atrial septal defect had a higher flow through the right upper zone than the left. Neither difference was as large as in the patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Patients with ventricular septal defect and those with patent ductus arteriosus had almost identical flow through the two upper zones.
The Persistence of High Body Sodium in Previously Edematous Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: CARROLL HUGH J. , FARBER SAUL J. 
Published: June 2012

Measurements of total body water and total exchangeable sodium were made in patients with heart disease rendered free of edema following congestive heart failure.
The total exchangeable sodium in most of the patients was higher than would have been predicted on the basis of their body weight and total body water. Serial measurements showed that some patients gradually lose their excess sodium over a period of months without a loss of body water; others maintain an elevated ratio of body sodium to body weight and body sodium to body water for periods of at least several months.
The data imply the possibility of significant quantities of osmotically inactive sodium in patients with heart disease.