bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR α) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) Gene expression by Fatty Acids in Foam cell
Authors: Zavvar Reza Javad , Doosti Mahmoud , salehipour Masoud , PackneJad Malehieh , Mojarrad Majed , Heidari Mansour , Emamian Effat S 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
One of the most important factors in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis is the default in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. Many genes and transcription factors such as Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Fatty Acids are important ligands of PPARα and the concentration of them can effect expression of ACAT1. So this study designed to clarified on the role of these genes and fatty acids on the lipid metabolism in foam cells.

Methods
This study examined effects of c9, t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid(c9, t11-CLA), Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARα and ACAT1 genes expression by using Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.

Results
Incubation of c9, t11-CLA, LA cause a significant reduction in intracellular Total Cholesterol, Free Cholesterol, cellular and Estrified Cholesterol concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). CLA and LA had no significant effect on the mRNA levels of ACAT1, but EPA increased ACAT1 mRNA expression (P = 0.003). Treatment with EPA increased PPARα mRNA levels (P ≤ 0.001), although CLA, LA had no significant effect on PPARα mRNA expression.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it seems that different fatty acids have different effects on gene expression and lipid metabolism and for complete conception study of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in foam cell all at once maybe is benefit.
Light-dependent roles of the G-protein α subunit GNA1 of Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei)
Authors: Seibel Christian , Gremel Gabriela , do Nascimento Silva Roberto , Schuster André , Kubicek Christian P , Schmoll Monika 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background

The filamentous ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) is primarily known for its efficient enzymatic machinery that it utilizes to decompose cellulosic substrates. Nevertheless, the nature and transmission of the signals initiating and modulating this machinery are largely unknown. Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling represents one of the best studied signal transduction pathways in fungi.

Results

Analysis of the regulatory targets of the G-protein α subunit GNA1 in H. jecorina revealed a carbon source and light-dependent role in signal transduction. Deletion of gna1 led to significantly decreased biomass formation in darkness in submersed culture but had only minor effects on morphology and hyphal apical extension rates on solid medium. Cellulase gene transcription was abolished in Δgna1 on cellulose in light and enhanced in darkness. However, analysis of strains expressing a constitutively activated GNA1 revealed that GNA1 does not transmit the essential inducing signal. Instead, it relates a modulating signal with light-dependent significance, since induction still required the presence of an inducer. We show that regulation of transcription and activity of GNA1 involves a carbon source-dependent feedback cycle. Additionally we found a function of GNA1 in hydrophobin regulation as well as effects on conidiation and tolerance of osmotic and oxidative stress.

Conclusion

We conclude that GNA1 transmits a signal the physiological relevance of which is dependent on both the carbon source as well as the light status. The widespread consequences of mutations in GNA1 indicate a broad function of this Gα subunit in appropriation of intracellular resources to environmental (especially nutritional) conditions.
Large-scale analysis of Arabidopsis transcription reveals a basal co-regulation network
Authors: Atias Osnat , Chor Benny , Chamovitz Daniel A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundAnalyses of gene expression data from microarray experiments has become a central tool for identifying co-regulated, functional gene modules. A crucial aspect of such analysis is the integration of data from different experiments and different laboratories. How to weigh the contribution of different experiments is an important point influencing the final outcomes. We have developed a novel method for this integration, and applied it to genome-wide data from multiple Arabidopsis microarray experiments performed under a variety of experimental conditions. The goal of this study is to identify functional globally co-regulated gene modules in the Arabidopsis genome.ResultsFollowing the analysis of 21,000 Arabidopsis genes in 43 datasets and about 2 × 108gene pairs, we identified a globally co-expressed gene network. We found clusters of globally co-expressed Arabidopsis genes that are enriched for known Gene Ontology annotations. Two types of modules were identified in the regulatory network that differed in their sensitivity to the node-scoring parameter; we further showed these two pertain to general and specialized modules. Some of these modules were further investigated using theGenevestigatorcompendium of microarray experiments. Analyses of smaller subsets of data lead to the identification of condition-specific modules.ConclusionOur method for identification of gene clusters allows the integration of diverse microarray experiments from many sources. The analysis reveals that part of theArabidopsistranscriptome is globally co-expressed, and can be further divided into known as well as novel functional gene modules. Our methodology is general enough to apply to any set of microarray experiments, using any scoring function.
Emerging role of Garcinol, the antioxidant chalcone from Garcinia indica Choisy and its synthetic analogs
Authors: Padhye Subhash , Ahmad Aamir , Oswal Nikhil , Sarkar Fazlul H 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGarcinol, harvested fromGarcinia indica, has traditionally been used in tropical regions and appreciated for centuries; however its biological properties are only beginning to be elucidated. There is ample data to suggest potent antioxidant properties of this compound which have been used to explain most of its observed biological activities. However, emerging evidence suggests that garcinol could be useful as an anti-cancer agent, and it is increasingly being realized that garcinol is a pleiotropic agent capable of modulating key regulatory cell signaling pathways. Here we have summarized the progress of our current research knowledge on garcinol and its observed biological activities. We have also provided an explanation of observed properties based on its chemical structure and provided an insight into the structure and properties of chalcones, the precursors of garcinol. The available data is promising but more detailed investigations into the various properties of this compound, particularly its anti-cancer activity are urgently needed, and it is our hope that this review will stimulate further research for elucidating and appreciating the value of this nature's wonder agent.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study of Sequential Erlotinib and Chemotherapy As First-Line Treatment for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mok Tony S.K. , Wu Yi-Long , Yu Chong-Jen , Zhou Caicun , Chen Yuh-Min , Zhang Li , Ignacio Jorge , Liao Meilin , Srimuninnimit Vichien , Boyer Michael J. , Chua-Tan Marina , Sriuranpong Virote , Sudoyo Aru W. , Jin Kate , Johnston Michael , Chui Winsome , Lee Jin-Soo 
Published: September 2009

Purpose This study investigated whether sequential administration of erlotinib and chemotherapy improves clinical outcomes versus chemotherapy alone in unselected, chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Previously untreated patients (n = 154) with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were randomly assigned to receive erlotinib (150 mg/d) or placebo on days 15 to 28 of a 4-week cycle that included gemcitabine (1,250 mg/m2 days 1 and 8) and either cisplatin (75 mg/m2 day 1) or carboplatin (5 × area under the serum concentration-time curve, day 1). The primary end point was nonprogression rate (NPR) at 8 weeks. Secondary end points included tumor response rate, NPR at 16 weeks, duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results The NPR at 8 weeks was 80.3% in the gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin (GC) -erlotinib arm (n = 76) and 76.9% in the GC-placebo arm (n = 78). At 16 weeks, the NPR was 64.5% for GC-erlotinib versus 53.8% for GC-placebo. The response rate was 35.5% for GC-erlotinib versus 24.4% for GC-placebo. PFS was significantly longer with GC-erlotinib than with GC-placebo (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; log-rank P = .0002; median, 29.4 v 23.4 weeks); this benefit was consistent across all clinical subgroups. There was no significant difference in OS. The addition of erlotinib to chemotherapy was well tolerated, with no increase in hematologic toxicity, and no treatment-related interstitial lung disease. Conclusion Sequential administration of erlotinib following gemcitabine/platinum chemotherapy led to a significant improvement in PFS. This treatment approach warrants further investigation in a phase III study.
Prevalence, Natural Course, and Risk Factors of Insomnia Comorbid With Cancer Over a 2-Month Period
Authors: Savard Josée , Villa Julie , Ivers Hans , Simard Sébastien , Morin Charles M. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose This study aimed to assess the prevalence, natural course, and risk factors of insomnia comorbid with cancer over a 2-month period. Patients and Methods All patients scheduled to receive a curative surgery for a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer were approached to participate in the study on the day of their preoperative visit. As part of a larger population-based longitudinal study, 991 cancer patients completed various self-report scales and an insomnia diagnostic interview at the perioperative phase (T1) and 2 months later (T2). Results At T1, 28.5% of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for an insomnia syndrome, and 31.0% had insomnia symptoms; these rates decreased to 26.2% and 22.2%, respectively, at T2. The highest rates of insomnia were found in breast cancer patients, whereas the lowest rates were obtained in prostate cancer patients. Findings indicated an incidence rate of 18.6%, a persistence rate of 68.0%, and a remission rate of 32.0%. Female sex and the presence of an arousability trait (predisposing factors), a diagnosis of head and neck cancer, the administration of surgery, and an increase in anxiety symptoms between T1 and T2 (precipitating factors), and higher baseline levels and increases between T1 and T2 in dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, sleep monitoring, and maladaptive sleep behaviors (maintenance factors) were all associated with an increased risk for insomnia incidence. Conclusion This study confirms the high prevalence of insomnia comorbid with cancer during the 2 months after the perioperative visit and identifies several factors that might be involved in its development.
A new criterion for assessment of train derailment risk
Authors: Durali M , Jalili M M 
Published: September 2009

A new criterion for prediction of train derailment is presented in this article. A three-degrees-of-freedom (3 DOF) wheelset model is used to identify the main dynamic parameters that affect wheelset derailment. Using these parameters and conventional definition of derailment coefficient, a new criterion for prediction of wheelset derailment is introduced. The proposed criterion, in addition to providing the required precision in prediction of wheel set derailment, requires measurements that are easy to perform. To evaluate the capability of the new criterion in prediction of derailment, a full wagon model with 48 DOF moving on a track with different random irregularities was used. The track is assumed to be mounted on a viscoelastic foundation. The wagon model is a three-dimensional, non-linear model of a train passenger car. The model includes non-linear elements for primary and secondary suspension systems. Friction and slack between elements, the centre pivot with kinematics constraints, forces between pads, and bolster are also included in this model. The motion of the wagon on tangent and curved tracks is simulated for different travel speeds. Derailment coefficient and a new derailment criterion are used to investigate the possibility of wheelset derailment in each case. The study shows that the new criterion can very well predict wheelset derailment and can duplicate the predictions by conventional derailment coefficient ( Y/ Q).
Copper-Catalyzed Allylation of Alkyl Halides with Allylic Grignard Reagents
Authors: Sai Masahiro , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Treatment of alkyl halides, including secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides, with allylic Grignard reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) triflate in diisopropyl ether at 25 °C yielded the corresponding allylated products in high yields. The coupling reactions of tertiary alkyl halides lead to construction of allylated quaternary carbon centers. The active species is likely to be allylcuprate.
Interventions to Improve Medication Reconciliation in Primary Care
Authors: Bayoumi Imaan , Howard Michelle , Holbrook Anne M , Schabort Inge 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To systematically review all primary care intervention studies designed to implement medication reconciliation for effects on medication discrepancies, clinical outcomes, and patient knowledge of their medications. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE (1988–March 2008); Healthstar (1966–March 2008): CINAHL (1982–March 2008); EMBASE (1980–March 2008); Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Methodology Register, and Health Technology Assessments; and unpublished material. No language restrictions were applied. Search terms included medication reconciliation, medication errors, prescribing error, medication systems, adverse drug events, drug utilization review, medication list, medication record, and medications management. Study Selection And Data Abstraction: Randomized controlled trials or before-and-after studies that examined the effect of various interventions on medication discrepancies either in ambulatory settings or at hospital discharge among community-dwelling adults were included. Two reviewers independently assessed studies to determine inclusion. Level of agreement between the reviewers was good, with unweighted Cohen's κ of 0.71. Two of 3 independent reviewers abstracted data and evaluated validity from included studies. Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: Four trials met the inclusion criteria. Two before-and-after studies (n = 275) in ambulatory care examining systematic medication reconciliation at each visit produced conflicting results. One study showed a reduction in the proportion of medication discrepancies from 88.5% to 49.1% (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.21); the other showed no benefit. One randomized controlled trial and one before-and-after study (n = 202) evaluated pharmacist medication review at hospital discharge. Neither showed a benefit. Heterogeneity precluded pooling of studies. All included studies had significant design flaws. Conclusions: There is no good quality evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of medication reconciliation in the primary care setting. Further research is needed.
Contemporary Issues in the Prevention and Management of Postthrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Vazquez Sara R , Freeman Andrew , VanWoerkom Ryan C , Rondina Matthew T 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To provide an evidence-based review and clinical summary of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Data Sources: A literature review was performed via MEDLINE (1950–July 1, 2009) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–June 2009) searches using the terms post-thrombotic syndrome, post-phlebitic syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, and compression stockings. Data Synthesis: PTS is best characterized as a chronic syndrome of clinical signs and symptoms including pain, swelling, parasthesias, and ulceration in the affected limb following deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It occurs in up to hall of patients with symptomatic DVT, usually within the first 2 years. Although the pathophysiology of PTS is not well understood, a thrombus may cause venous hypertension and valvular incompetence resulting in edema, tissue hypoxia, and in severe cases, ulceration. Risk factors for PTS include recurrent ipsilateral DVT, obesity, and poor quality of anticoagulant therapy. PTS diagnosis is based on the presence of typical signs and symptoms and may be made using one of several clinical scoring systems. Prevention of PTS should focus on DVT prevention and the use of elastic compression stockings following DVT, while fibrinolysis remains under investigation as an effective method for PTS prevention. The treatment of PTS may include either pharmacologic or mechanical modalities, although none of these regimens has been rigorously tested. Pharmacists have the opportunity to provide more comprehensive antithrombotic management by educating patients and providers on PTS, recommending appropriate preventive therapy, assisting patients in obtaining and adhering to this therapy, and assisting providers with the management of PTS. Conclusions: Providers should be proactive in preventing PTS, with pharmacists taking an active role in optimal DVT prevention, identifying patients at risk for PTS, and counseling and directing preventive therapies.
Arousal Loss Related to Safer Sex and Risk of Pregnancy: Implications for Women's and Men's Sexual Health
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Tanner Amanda E. , Janssen Erick 
Published: September 2009

CONTEXT: Few studies have examined arousal loss associated with safer‐sex practices or the perceived risk of unintended pregnancy, let alone its associations with sexual risk practices. METHODS: An Internet survey conducted in 2004–2006 among 2,399 men and 3,210 women asked respondents about arousal loss related to the use of condoms or other safer‐sex products and perceived unintended pregnancy risk. Regression analyses gauged associations between arousal profiles, unprotected sex in the last year and lifetime experience of unintended pregnancy. RESULTS: Many respondents reported arousal loss related to the use of safer‐sex products (34%) or the risk of unintended pregnancy (46%). Participants who strongly agreed that use of safer‐sex products can lessen their arousal were significantly more likely to have had unprotected sex in the last year than were those who strongly disagreed (odds ratios, 1.8 for men and 3.7 for women); those who strongly disagreed that pregnancy risk can lessen their arousal were significantly more likely to have been involved in an unintended pregnancy than were those who strongly agreed (2.0 for men and 1.4 for women). Arousal loss related to safer‐sex practices was more strongly associated with unprotected sex among women than among men, whereas arousal loss related to pregnancy risk was more strongly associated with unintended pregnancy among men than among women. CONCLUSIONS: Some men and women are turned off by safer‐sex practices or by pregnancy risk. Given arousal profiles' potential contributions to unintended pregnancies and STD transmission, they should be integrated into sexual health behavioral models, research and programming.
Women's Perspectives on Family Planning Service Quality: An Exploration of Differences by Race, Ethnicity and Language
Authors: Becker Davida , Klassen Ann C. , Koenig Michael A. , LaVeist Thomas A. , Sonenstein Freya L. , Tsui Amy O. 
Published: September 2009

CONTEXT: Despite calls to make family planning services more responsive to the values, needs and preferences of clients, few studies have asked clients about their experiences or values, and most have used surveys framed by researchers', rather than clients', perspectives. METHODS: Forty in‐depth interviews exploring lifetime experiences with and values regarding services were conducted with 18–36‐year‐old women who visited family planning clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2007. Women were categorized as black, white, English‐ or Spanish‐speaking Latina, or of mixed ethnicity to allow examination of differences by racial, ethnic and language group. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded thematically; matrices were then used to compare the themes that emerged across the subgroups. RESULTS: Eight themes emerged as important to women's views of services: service accessibility, information provision, attention to client comfort, providers' personalization of care, service organization, providers' empathy, technical quality of care and providers' respect for women's autonomy. Women reported that it was important to feel comfortable during visits, to feel that their decision‐making autonomy was respected, to have providers show empathy and be nonjudgmental, and to see the same provider across visits. The only notable difference among racial, ethnic and language groups was that Spanish‐speaking Latinas wanted to receive language‐appropriate care and contraceptive information. CONCLUSIONS: Future surveys of family planning service quality should include measures of the factors that women value in such care, and efforts to improve providers' communication and counseling skills should emphasize the personalization of services and respect for clients' autonomy.
Decomposing Trends in Nonmarital Fertility Among Latinas
Authors: DeLeone Felicia Yang , Lichter Daniel T. , Strawderman Robert L. 
Published: September 2009

CONTEXT: For Latinos, high rates of nonmarital fertility reinforce economic inequality and slow the pace of social and economic incorporation into American society. METHODS: Changes in the nonmarital fertility ratio—nonmarital births as a percentage of all births (NMFR)—among women aged 15–44 over the period 1994–2005 were partitioned into three components: changes in marital and in nonmarital fertility, and in the proportion of women who were married. Annual birth data were drawn from the national Natality Detail File, and population estimates were drawn from the Current Population Surveys. Analyses were conducted for blacks, whites and Latinas, as well as for selected subgroups of Latinas; differences in NMFRs between racial and ethnic groups were also calculated. RESULTS: NMFRs were largely unchanged between 1994 and 2002, and then began to rise; they averaged 43% for Latinas, 69% for blacks and 23% for whites over the study period. In 2005, 48% of births to Latinas were nonmarital. Most of the rise in Latinas' NMFR was linked to a decline in marriage. Among foreign‐born Latinas, a six‐percentage‐point increase in the NMFR was due mostly to a rise in nonmarital fertility and a decline in marital fertility, which offset the beneficial effects of a rising marriage rate. The difference between Latinas' and whites' NMFRs was largely attributed to Latinas' higher nonmarital fertility, whereas the difference between blacks' and whites' NMFRs was driven mostly by lower marriage rates among blacks. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to reduce out‐of‐wedlock childbearing among Latinas are needed, and programs should promote healthy marriages, especially among foreign‐born Latinas.