bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From receptor pharmacology to improved outcomes: individualising the selection, dosing, and switching of antipsychotics
Authors: Correll C.U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDeterminants of antipsychotic selection and response include parameters of the primary disorder, psychiatric and physical comorbidities, past treatment effects, patient preferences, availability and acceptability of different treatments and formulations, as well as expected efficacy and safety. In the absence of consistent and sufficiently large efficacy differences among antipsychotics (except for clozapine in refractory patients), and in view of a greater focus on physical health, functional outcomes and quality of life, relatively more predictable differences in adverse events have become an important management consideration. Treatments are often selected because of a relatively lower propensity for extrapyramidal and sexual side effects, sedation, and, especially, the reduced development of cardiometabolic risk states and disorders. In this context, differences in receptor binding affinity, intrinsic activity and in the half life of antipsychotics are crucial to adopt adequate dosing and switching strategies. Dopamine rebound phenomena can occur when the level of dopamine blockade is not kept relatively constant during the switch process. This can happen when the new antipsychotic is underdosed or not fully absorbed, the switch is too abrupt from an antipsychotic with a short half life to one with a much longer half life, or when a dopamine antagonist is switched too fast to an antipsychotic with markedly less dopamine affinity or to a partial dopamine agonist. Intra-switch destabilization can also occur when changing too quickly from antipsychotics with strong histaminergic and/or cholinergic blockade to ones with lower affinity to these receptors. Overlapping “plateau” switch strategies and transient co-treatment with calming medications, such as benzodiazepines, have emerged as potential solutions to these rebound phenomena that can complicate the early switch period. To optimize outcomes, antipsychotic treatment should be pharmacologically informed and measurement based, combining both acute and long-term management goals and balancing efficacy and adverse effect considerations.
Surface Channeling in Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Jingyue , Allard Lawrence F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope can provide information on nanostructures with sub-Ångström image resolution. The relatively intuitive interpretation of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging technique makes it a popular tool to image a variety of samples and finds broad applications to characterizing nanostructures, especially when combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. To quantitatively interpret HAADF images, however, requires full understanding of the various types of signals that contribute to the HAADF image contrast. We have observed significant intensity enhancement in HAADF images, and large expansion of lattice spacings, of surface atoms of atomically flat ZnO surfaces. The surface-resonance channeling effect, one of the electron-beam channeling phenomena in crystalline nanostructures, was invoked to explain the observed image intensity enhancement. A better understanding of the effect of electron beam channeling along surfaces or interfaces on HAADF image contrast may have implications for quantifying HAADF images and may provide new routes to utilize the channeling phenomenon to study surface structures with sub-Ångström spatial resolution.
Bioturbating shrimp alter the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in coastal marine sediments
Authors: Laverock Bonnie , Smith Cindy J , Tait Karen , Osborn A Mark , Widdicombe Steve , Gilbert Jack A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Bioturbation is a key process in coastal sediments, influencing microbially driven cycling of nutrients as well as the physical characteristics of the sediment. However, little is known about the distribution, diversity and function of the microbial communities that inhabit the burrows of infaunal macroorganisms. In this study, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to investigate variation in the structure of bacterial communities in sediment bioturbated by the burrowing shrimp Upogebia deltaura or Callianassa subterranea. Analyses of 229 sediment samples revealed significant differences between bacterial communities inhabiting shrimp burrows and those inhabiting ambient surface and subsurface sediments. Bacterial communities in burrows from both shrimp species were more similar to those in surface-ambient than subsurface-ambient sediment (R=0.258, P&lt;0.001). The presence of shrimp was also associated with changes in bacterial community structure in surrounding surface sediment, when compared with sediments uninhabited by shrimp. Bacterial community structure varied with burrow depth, and also between individual burrows, suggesting that the shrimp's burrow construction, irrigation and maintenance behaviour affect the distribution of bacteria within shrimp burrows. Subsequent sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from surface sediments revealed differences in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa between shrimp-inhabited and uninhabited sediments; shrimp-inhabited sediment contained a higher proportion of proteobacterial sequences, including in particular a twofold increase in Gammaproteobacteria. Chao1 and ACE diversity estimates showed that taxon richness within surface bacterial communities in shrimp-inhabited sediment was at least threefold higher than that in uninhabited sediment. This study shows that bioturbation can result in significant structural and compositional changes in sediment bacterial communities, increasing bacterial diversity in surface sediments and resulting in distinct bacterial communities even at depth within the burrow. In an area of high macrofaunal abundance, this could lead to alterations in the microbial transformations of important nutrients at the sediment–water interface.
Unprecedented levels of horizontal gene transfer among spatially co-occurring Shewanella bacteria from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Caro-Quintero Alejandro , Deng Jie , Auchtung Jennifer , Brettar Ingrid , Höfle Manfred G , Klappenbach Joel , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing studies during the last decade have uncovered that bacterial genomes are very diverse and dynamic, resulting primarily from the frequent and promiscuous horizontal gene exchange that characterizes the bacterial domain of life. However, a robust understanding of the rates of genetic exchange for most bacterial species under natural conditions and the influence of the ecological settings on the rates remain elusive, severely limiting our view of the microbial world. Here, we analyzed the complete genomic sequences and expressed transcriptomes of several Shewanella baltica isolates recovered from different depths in the Baltic Sea and found that isolates from more similar depths had exchanged a larger fraction of their core and auxiliary genome, up to 20% of the total, compared with isolates from more different depths. The exchanged genes seem to be ecologically important and contribute to the successful adaptation of the isolates to the unique physicochemical conditions of the depth. Importantly, the latter genes were exchanged in very recent past, presumably as an effect of isolate's seasonal migration across the water column, and reflected sexual speciation within the same depth. Therefore, our findings reveal that genetic exchange in response to environmental settings may be surprisingly rapid, which has important broader impacts for understanding bacterial speciation and evolution and for modeling bacterial responses to human-induced environmental impacts.
Influence of Context on the Production of Complex Sentences by Typically Developing Children
Authors: Klein Harriet B. , Moses Nelson , Jean-Baptiste Rachel 
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This study was designed to identify types of complex-sentence meanings (i.e.,
content
) produced in selected elicitation contexts by typically developing children within 3 different age groups. The research was motivated by the need for additional evidence-based assessments and interventions for children with language disorders.

Method
Participants included 3 groups of typically developing children, mean ages 2;8 (years;months; Cohort 1), 3;4 (Cohort 2), and 4;7 (Cohort 3). Four elicitation contexts distinguished on the basis of degree of spontaneity and the potential for eliciting complex sentences were used: free-play, script-play, elicited description, and story retelling. Tasks within these contexts were presented to each child over two 1-hr sessions.

Results
Significant differences were found among the cohorts for proportion of complex-sentence productions overall, across contexts, and across content categories. Significant relationships were found between content and contexts and between adult model and content of the child’s following utterance.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that children’s complex-sentence production changes with development and is sensitive to features of linguistic and nonlinguistic contexts. These data provide evidence for the types of complex-sentence content that may be expected in specified contexts, thus serving as a basis for planning assessment and intervention for children with language disorders.
Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Different Service Delivery Models on Communication Outcomes for Elementary School–Age Children
Authors: Cirrin Frank M. , Schooling Tracy L. , Nelson Nickola W. , Diehl Sylvia F. , Flynn Perry F. , Staskowski Maureen , Torrey T. Zoann , Adamczyk Deborah F. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to conduct an evidence-based systematic review (EBSR) of peer-reviewed articles from the last 30 years about the effect of different service delivery models on speech-language intervention outcomes for elementary school–age students.MethodA computer search of electronic databases was conducted to identify studies that addressed any of 16 research questions. Structured review procedures were used to select and evaluate data-based studies that used experimental designs of the following types: randomized clinical trial, nonrandomized comparison study, and single-subject design study.ResultsThe EBSR revealed a total of 5 studies that met the review criteria and addressed questions of the effectiveness of pullout, classroom-based, and indirect–consultative service delivery models with elementary school–age children. Some evidence suggests that classroom-based direct services are at least as effective as pullout intervention for some intervention goals, and that highly trained speech-language pathology assistants, using manuals prepared by speech-language pathologists to guide intervention, can provide effective services for some children with language problems.ConclusionLacking adequate research-based evidence, clinicians must rely on reason-based practice and their own data until more data become available concerning which service delivery models are most effective. Recommendations are made for an expanded research agenda.
The incomplete beta function and its ratio to the complete beta function
Authors: Osborn David , Madey Richard 
Published: July 2010

The incomplete beta function,

B
x

(
p
,
q
)
=
∫

0
x

y

p
−
1

(
1
−
y

)

q
−
1

d
y

{B_x}(p,q) = \int {_0^x} {y^{p - 1}}{(1 - y)^{q - 1}}dy

, and its ratio to the complete beta function

B
1

(
p
,
q
)

{B_1}(p,q)

has been calculated on an IBM-7044 computer to five significant figures and tabulated for the arguments p and q each in the interval from 0.5 to 2.0 with increments of 0.05 and for the parameter

x
x

in the interval 0.1 to 1.0 with increments of 0.01. The function was evaluated by first expanding a factor of the integrand in a binomial series and then integrating each term. In order to facilitate computation, one expansion is taken for

x
≦
1

/

2

x \leqq 1/2

and another for

1

/

2
>
x
≦
1

1/2 > x \leqq 1

. The expansions are truncated when the relative error is less than or equal to an arbitrarily predetermined fraction. Typical running time for achieving five significant figures on the IBM-7044 is about one minute for

10
4

{10^4}

values.
mbmdr: an R package for exploring gene–gene interactions associated with binary or quantitative traits
Authors: Calle M. Luz , Urrea Víctor , Malats Núria , Van Steen Kristel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Summary: We describe mbmdr, an R package for implementing the model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB-MDR) method. MB-MDR has been proposed by Calle et al. as a dimension reduction method for exploring gene–gene interactions in case-control association studies. It is an extension of the popular multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method of Ritchie et al. allowing a more flexible definition of risk cells. In MB-MDR, risk categories are defined using a regression model which allows adjustment for covariates and main effects and, in addition to the classical low risk and high risk categories, MB-MDR considers a third category of indeterminate or not informative cells. An important improvement added to the current mbmdr algorithm with respect to the original MB-MDR formulation in Calle et al. and also to the classical MDR approach, is the extension of the methodology to different outcome types. While MB-MDR was initially proposed for binary traits in the context of case-control studies, the mbmdr package provides options to analyze both binary or quantitative traits for unrelated individuals.
Availability: http://cran.r-project.org/
Contact: malu.calle@uvic.cat
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Perioperative Hypothermia (33°C) Does Not Increase the Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Nguyen Hoang P. , Zaroff Jonathan G. , Bayman Emine O. , Gelb Adrian W. , Todd Michael M. , Hindman Bradley J. 
Published: July 2010

Background
Perioperative hypothermia has been reported to increase the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. By increasing the activity of sympathetic nervous system, perioperative hypothermia also has the potential to increase cardiac injury and dysfunction associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods
The Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial randomized patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery to intraoperative hypothermia (n = 499, 33.3 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees C) or normothermia (n = 501, 36.7 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C). Cardiovascular events (hypotension, arrhythmias, vasopressor use, myocardial infarction, and others) were prospectively followed until 3-month follow-up and were compared in hypothermic and normothermic patients. A subset of 62 patients (hypothermia, n = 33; normothermia, n = 29) also had preoperative and postoperative (within 24 h) measurement of cardiac troponin-I and echocardiography to explore the association between perioperative hypothermia and subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated myocardial injury and left ventricular function.

Results
There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in the occurrence of any single cardiovascular event or in composite cardiovascular events. There was no difference in mortality (6%) between groups, and there was only a single primary cardiovascular death (normothermia). There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in postoperative versus preoperative left ventricular regional wall motion or ejection fraction. Compared with preoperative values, hypothermic patients had no postoperative increase in cardiac troponin-I (median change 0.00 microg/l), whereas normothermic patients had a small postoperative increase (median change + 0.01 microg/l, P = 0.038).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery, perioperative hypothermia was not associated with an increased occurrence of cardiovascular events.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Spinal 2‐chloroprocaine: effective dose for ambulatory surgery
Authors: SELL A. , TEIN T. , PITKÄNEN M. 
Published: July 2010

Background: There is an interest in finding a safe, short‐acting spinal anaesthetic, suitable for ambulatory surgery. In this prospective study, we evaluated the effective dose of plain 2‐chloroprocaine (2‐CP) for lower limb surgery, including knee arthroscopy and saphenectomy.Methods: Sixty‐four ASA physical status I–III patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery were randomly allocated to one of the four local anaesthetic groups for spinal anaesthesia in a double‐blind manner. The patients (n=16 patients in each group) received 35, 40, 45 or 50 mg of 10 mg/ml isobaric 2‐CP.Results: In all patients, anaesthesia was sufficient for the planned surgery. The median peak block height (T9) was similar in all four groups (P=0.66). Time to complete sensory block regression was faster in the 35 mg group (111 min, mean) and in the 40 mg group (108 min) than in the 50 mg group (134 min, P=0.005). No differences in time to complete motor block regression were observed (P=0.3). Home discharge time was faster in the 35 mg group (123 min) and in the 40 mg group (122 min) than in the 50 mg group (165 min, P=0.001). No complications related to spinal anaesthesia were observed and no transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) were reported at the 3‐day follow‐up.Conclusion: Spinal 2‐CP, 10 mg/ml 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg provide reliable sensory and motor block for ambulatory surgery, while reducing the dose of 2‐CP to 35 and 40 mg resulted in a spinal block of faster ambulation.
Social communication difficulties and autism spectrum disorder in young children with optic nerve hypoplasia and/or septo‐optic dysplasia
Authors: PARR JEREMY R , DALE NAOMI J , SHAFFER LARA M , SALT ALISON T 
Published: July 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to study systematically social, communication, and repetitive/restrictive (SCRR) behavioural difficulties and clinical autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and/or septo‐optic dysplasia (SOD), and to investigate the relationship between visual impairment, SCRR difficulties, ASD, and cognition.Method  A case‐note study of clinic records from a specialist developmental vision service was completed. Standardized assessments of vision and development and clinician judgements about SCRR difficulties and clinical ASD were made by a multidisciplinary team.Results  A total of 45 females and 38 males (mean age 3y 5mo; range 10mo–6y 10mo) with ONH or SOD and profound visual impairment (PVI) or severe visual impairment (SVI) were assessed. A total of 58% of children had at least one SCRR difficulty, and 31% had a clinical diagnosis of ASD. The prevalence of ASD was slightly higher in children with SOD than in children with ONH (36% vs 26%) also slightly more frequent in children with PVI than in children with SVI (36% vs 27%). The prevalence of SCRR difficulties was statistically higher in children with PVI than in children with SVI (p=0.003). Clinical ASD was most likely to be diagnosed between 2 years 4 months and 4 years 6 months. Development was significantly delayed in children with ASD compared with children without social communication difficulties (p=0.001).Interpretation  Children with SVI or PVI are at risk of SCRR difficulties and clinical ASD. Children with ONH and/or SOD and visual impairment have a similar risk of developing clinical ASD as other visual impairment groups. However, ASD prevalence data from this study are a minimum estimate, as some young children may have developed ASD behaviours in later childhood. Developmental surveillance for children with ONH and/or SOD should continue until at least the age of 4 years 6 months.
The Peach Bottom area in the Pennsylvania-Maryland Piedmont
Authors: Faill Rodger T. , Smith Robert C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Appalachian Piedmont in south-central Pennsylvania and north-central Maryland contains metasedimentary siliciclastic rocks (phyllites to quartzites) that were deposited largely offshore of Laurentia, prior to and during the early history of the Iapetan Ocean. The Peach Bottom area is centered on the belt of Peach Bottom Slate and overlying Cardiff Quartzite, which is surrounded by the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic rocks of the Peters Creek and Scott Creek (new name) Formations. Their provenance was the Brandywine and Baltimore microcontinents that lay farther offshore of the Laurentian coast. This area also includes an ophiolitic mélange that formed in front of an advancing island arc in Iapetus. All these rocks lay largely undisturbed throughout much of the Paleozoic, experiencing only chlorite-grade greenschist facies metamorphism through deep burial. Alleghanian thrusting associated with the growth of the Tucquan anticline imparted their present widespread, monocline, steep southeast dip of the bed-parallel foliation.
Everhardus Booth Een Irenist?
Authors: Op T Hof WJ 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEverhardus Booth an irenicist? Eleven years ago F.G.M. Broeyer wrote an article in which he claims that Utrecht preacher Everard Booth's translation of William Perkins' A Reformed Catholike was not intended to be an anti-Roman polemic, but rather was of an irenic nature, and that Booth himself was an irenicist. The author of this article demonstrates that this view is refuted by what Perkins himself says in his dedication to William Bowes and in his preface. Further, according to Broeyer, the translation was a carefully considered initiative by Booth himself and was deliberately intended to foster religious peace in Utrecht. However, these views are in direct conflict with a note written to Booth by Richard Schilders, the publisher of the translation. Finally, we should not overlook the significance of an earlier translation by Booth, in which the very title demonstrates its strongly anti-Romanist nature. Conclusion: Booth's translation of Perkins' tract as well as Booth himself has nothing to do with irenicism.17
Een Nederlandse Vertaling Van Heinrich Bullingers Vroegste Tractaat Tegen De Dopers
Authors: Nissen Peter J.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Schweizer Reformator Heinrich Bullinger hat namentlich durch seine Schrift Der Widertöufferen ursprung (1560) einen beträchtlichen Einfluss sowohl auf das geschichtliche Bild vom Täufertum wie auf die theologische Bekämpfung der Täufer ausgeübt. Die Schrift erschien 1569 in einer vom reformierten Pfarrer Gerardus Nicolai verfassten niederländischen Übersetzung Teghens de Wederdoopers (15802, 16173), die um wichtige Einschübe, die die niederländische Situation miteinbeziehen, erweitert ist. Dass jedoch auch Bullingers um drei Jahrzehnte ältere Schrift gegen die Täufer, Von dem unverschampten fräfel (1531), in einer niederländischen Übersetzung existiert, war bislang unbekannt. Die Übersetzung ist in einer Handschrift der Koninklijke Bibliotheek zu 's-Gravenhage (131 G 46), die wahrscheinlich um 1540-1545 zu datieren ist, überliefert. Der unbekannte Übersetzer hat nachweisbar die 1535 gedruckte, von Leo Jud verfasste, lateinische Übersetzung der antitäuferischen Schrift Bullingers als Vorlage verwendet. Der Aufsatz stellt die Handschrift, ihre Geschichte und ihren Inhalt vor; der Anhang bietet eine Ubersicht über den Inhalt der einzelnen Kapitel.