bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Healthcare Insights: Unstructured Healthcare Data Analysis with Hybrid Models
Authors: Alam Md. Moddassir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The healthcare industry has witnessed an unprecedented integration of unstructured data from diverse sources including medical images, clinical notes, patient records, etc. Traditional methods often struggle to effectively analyze and make sense of this heterogeneous data. In response to the growing integration of diverse unstructured healthcare data, this study introduces a novel approach leveraging a hybrid model that combines Deep Recurrent Neural Network and Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA-DRNN). The proposed study aims is to enhance the analysis of complex and unstructured healthcare data by examining hierarchical representations and temporal dependencies. The proposed mechanism begins with the collection and pre-processing of unstructured healthcare data. The DRNN component examines the hierarchical representations and temporal dependencies within the unstructured data. By capturing patterns in the data, the DRNN facilitates improved predictive analysis and offers enhanced decision-making within healthcare units. In addition, the BOA approach was utilized for optimizing the DRNN training by fine-tuning its hyperparameters. This optimized training of DRNN ensures greater effective analysis of data and provides improved prediction performances. The presented framework was validated with the publicly available unstructured healthcare dataset and the results are examined in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure.
Single cell suppression profiling of human regulatory T cells
Authors: Søndergaard Jonas , Tulyeu Janyerkye , Priest David , Sakaguchi Shimon , Wing James 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in regulating immune homeostasis in health and disease. Traditionally their suppressive function has been assayed by mixing purified cell populations, which does not provide an accurate picture of a physiologically relevant immune response. To overcome this limitation, we here developed “single cell suppression profiling of human Tregs” (scSPOT). scSPOT is more informative and physiological than traditional assays, using a 52-marker CyTOF panel, a cell division detection algorithm, and a whole PBMC system to assess the function of Tregs on all cell types simultaneously. By employing scSPOT, we observed Tregs having the clearest suppressive effects on CD8-EM through division arrest, cell cycle inhibition, and effector molecule downregulation. Additionally, we demonstrate cellular differentiation tracking and drug screening applications of scSPOT and use it to identify the potential origin of a Treg phenotypic split in critical viral infection and further propose modes of action by the FDA-approved drugs Ipilimumab and Tazemetostat. scSPOT is scalable, robust, widely applicable, and may be used to better understand Treg immunobiology and screen for therapeutic compounds.
The Effect of a Neuroeducation Program on L2 Automatization and Acquisition for Intermediate Young Adult Learners
Authors: Yusuf Nermin H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Almost without exception, adult second language (L2) learners fail to acquire an L2 to a comparable level of proficiency as their first language (L1). In part, traditional teaching approaches fail to address this issue or adapt to the equipotential brain. In light of this, this research attempted to explore language acquisition from a neuroeducation perspective. Accordingly, a neuroeducation program was developed which draws on concepts from neuroscience. The neuroeducation program was developed based on the LIRRA neuroeducational model which was proposed to automatize L2 and improve language acquisition for late learners. The program hinged on reiterative implicit exposure of lexical phrases in an attention- and reward- stimulating setting. This was to allow for procedural memory processing (like in L1) where L2 becomes automatized. In this regard, in a pre-post design, 30 English intermediate-level undergraduates were enrolled to the study. The program was a computerized online one encompassing 23 sessions and was implemented using a variety of engaging techniques such as games, riddles, and interactive readings. The outcomes were measured using a pre/post-test comprising three sections: a lexical-phrases production test, a reading proficiency test, and a writing test. The results revealed that the students showed a significant speed-up performance and considerable automaticity gains. Additionally, students showed a significant improvement in their acquisition of L2 lexical phrases and their reading proficiency. This research holds a promising future for the implementation of neuroeducation programs in language learning and for self-directed learning.
Secure and Efficient Sharing of Model Insights between Commercial Large Language Models
Authors: Sripras Nattawut , Somchaiya Thawatchai , Khamphanit Panita , Chaikiatsri Pattara , Kiatmontri Sarawut 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) require secure and efficient mechanisms for sharing insights between different models, particularly when handling sensitive data. Addressing these needs, the presented research develops and evaluates a comprehensive framework incorporating differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, and secure multi-party computation to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of data shared between commercial large language models such as Gemini 1.5 and ChatGPT-4. Key results demonstrate that the implementation of these cryptographic methods effectively protects data privacy and security, allowing for collaborative enhancements in model intelligence without compromising data integrity. Extensive testing confirms the framework's robustness against sophisticated cyber threats and its practical viability for real-time applications. The findings provide a solid foundation for further optimization of security measures, aiming to enhance the scalability and efficiency of knowledge sharing among AI systems in sensitive and critical environments.
Results from the open-label, single-center, clinical study assessing the efficacy and safety of a group cognitive stimulation therapy in Russian-speaking patients with the moderate dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhitkova Y. V. , Gasparian A. A. , Sarvarova A. F. , Korobova D. A. , Galyavova F. I. , Baynazarova A. I. , Khamidullina A. M. , Domanskaya E. V. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) used worldwide to treat cognitive impairment has recently attracted interest of Russian medical and scientific minds. However, when applied to Russian-speaking patients with dementia, CST requires adaptation. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Russian-language version of CST for Russian-speaking patients with Alzheimer’s disease at the stage of moderate dementia.Materials and мethods. 8 participants involved into the trial were residents of social care center ZILANT diagnosed as dementia patients with Alzheimer’s, aged 76 ± 10.8 years, with the median MMSE score identified 17 ± 5.0. Before implementing the main course of CST developed by E. Spector et al we translated and localized it for Russian patients. The patients undergoing CST were assessed for the state of cognitive functions, everyday activity, mental symptoms, as well as enjoyment and involvement. One of the recruited patients was excluded due to restlessness and anxiety.Results. Seven patients had significantly improved on ADAS-Cog scale (p = 0.002), Lowton&Brody and ADCS-ADL. The NPI scale indicated a reduction in symptoms of delirium and apathy which contributed to a reduction in antipsychotic dosages and a corresponding decrease in caregiver’s distress. The most striking indicator of CST effectiveness was improvements in the patient’s mood and satisfaction, which we view significant in everyday life and as an indicator of CST safety.Conclusion. The Russian-language version of CST proved effective and safe for moderate dementia patients with Alzheimer’s and can be recommended for implementing in clinical practice. This opens up prospects for studying CST as part of various drug strategies in treatment of dementia of various origins.
Differential diagnosis and treatment of enthesopathies
Authors: Devald I. V. , Khodus E. A. , Belsner M. S. , Minakina O. L. 
Published: May 2024

The article provides a review of the literature on the pathology of the periarticular structure of the enthesis - the site of attachment of a tendon or ligament to the bone. The anatomical and functional features of the fibrocartilaginous enthesis are presented in detail from the position of the “enthesis organ”, which includes the enthesis and the adjacent synovial membrane, bursae and adipose tissue. The issues of the occurrence of degenerative changes against the background of mechanical stress and inflammatory rheumatic pathological processes in the above structural and functional anatomical unit are analyzed. The anatomical zones whose entheses are most often affected are given. The terminology of degenerative and inflammatory lesions of the enthesis is considered, including from the standpoint of ICD-10 codes. The advantages and disadvantages of modern terms are discussed, current concepts corresponding to the etiology of the pathological process are proposed: degenerative-dystrophic or traumatic enthesopathy and inflammatory enthesitis. This division of concepts is aimed at adopting the correct diagnostic and treatment tactics for a doctor of any specialization. The differential diagnosis of these nosologies and approaches to conservative treatment are considered. The possibilities of local injection therapy for enthesitis and enthesopathies, the use of anti-inflammatory and reparative techniques are discussed in detail. Based on our own clinical experience, the features of the treatment of various enthesopathies with glucocorticoids, autologous plasma, microinductive collagen, linear hyaluronates and polynucleotides are considered. Issues of priority methods in different clinical situations and the possibility of prolonging the therapeutic effect, as well as a combination of local and non-drug methods, were discussed. The tactics for ineffective local treatment, methods for correcting therapy and the choice of a leading specialist for various pathologies are discussed.
Long-term combined antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of noncardioembolic stroke
Authors: Kostenko E. V. , Petrova L. V. , Eneeva M. A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The high risk of recurrent ischemic events after non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke(IS), the prevalence of which is 25% of all strokes in the Russian Federation, determines the need to search for effective and safe secondary prevention strategies.Аim. The study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of ADP receptor inhibitors (dipyridamole) with acetylsalicylic acid in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) in the secondary prevention of noncardioembolic stroke.Materials and methods. 229 patients in the early recovery period of noncardioembolic IS (139 women, 90 men), with an average age of 59.0 ± 5.7 years were included in the study. The duration of IS was 54.4 ± 6.1 days. All patients received a multimodal medical rehabilitation (MMR) program. Long-term double antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 75 mg per day and dipyridamole at a daily dose of 225 mg divided into 3 doses were prescribed to all the patients. The neurological and neuropsychological status of the patient, quality of life and hemorheological parameters were assessed initially (T0), after MMR (T1, 6 weeks) and 12 months after IS(T2).Results. Motor and coordination indicators of patients as well as the cognitive and emotional parameters were significantly (p < 0,05) improved due to MMR technology. These were confirmed by the dynamics of the corresponding scales. The prescribed double antiplatelet therapy did not cause significant adverse events and worsening of the patients’ well-being both during the MMR process and during the observation period. The combination of ASA with dipyridamole was well tolerated. At the end of the study, recurrent IS, myocardial infarctions, and fatal bleeding were not recorded. In 5.2% patients with severe risks of cardiovascular complications there was occurred TIA. The effectiveness of the dual antiplatelet therapy was confirmed by a decrease in the level of platelet aggregation (p < 0,05).Conclusions. The high effectiveness of secondary prevention of IS with a combination of ASA and dipyridamole with good tolerability and safety in patients after IS has been shown.
Enhancing short-term streamflow prediction in the Haihe River Basin through integrated machine learning with Lasso
Authors: Song Yongyu , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

With the widespread application of machine learning in various fields, enhancing its accuracy in hydrological forecasting has become a focal point of interest for hydrologists. This study, set against the backdrop of the Haihe River Basin, focuses on daily-scale streamflow and explores the application of the Lasso feature selection method alongside three machine learning models (long short-term memory, LSTM; transformer for time series, TTS; random forest, RF) in short-term streamflow prediction. Through comparative experiments, we found that the Lasso method significantly enhances the model's performance, with a respective increase in the generalization capabilities of the three models by 21, 12, and 14%. Among the selected features, lagged streamflow and precipitation play dominant roles, with streamflow closest to the prediction date consistently being the most crucial feature. In comparison to the TTS and RF models, the LSTM model demonstrates superior performance and generalization capabilities in streamflow prediction for 1–7 days, making it more suitable for practical applications in hydrological forecasting in the Haihe River Basin and similar regions. Overall, this study deepens our understanding of feature selection and machine learning models in hydrology, providing valuable insights for hydrological simulations under the influence of complex human activities.
Influência da formulação do suco de Butia catarinensis no processo de pasteurização
Authors: MARTINS Josué Schneider , HERTZ Plinho Francisco , BINS Débora 
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da presença de suco de limão (Citrus limonia Osbeck) e de açúcar na eficiência da pasteurização de suco de butiá (Butia catarinenses Noblick & Lorenzi). Para tanto, foram elaboradas três formulações distintas, variando a concentração de açúcar e de suco de limão. Posteriormente, as amostras foram tratadas termicamente a 80°C por 1 minuto. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o pH, teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez total titulável das amostras, além das atividades enzimáticas relativas (AER) da peroxidase (POD) endógena das amostras antes e após o tratamento térmico. Os resultados de AER foram relativos à amostra sem tratamento térmico (Branco). Observou-se que a variação da formulação, sem o tratamento térmico, não influencou a AER. O processo de pasteurização das amostras que continham suco de limão e açúcar em sua formulação resultou na redução de 51,2% da AER. A maior redução da AER (60,6%) foi obtida na pasteurização da amostra que continha suco de limão, sem a adição de açúcar. A amostra que somente continha açúcar apresentou a menor redução da AER 15,4% em relação ao Branco. Os resultados sugerem que a formulação interfere na eficiência no processo pasteurização. Os dados indicam que a adição de açúcar pode diminuir a eficiência da pasteurização, enquanto que a adição de suco de limão bergamota pode aumentar a eficiência deste processo.
Peptidic Compound as DNA Binding Agent: In Silico Fragment-based
Design, Machine Learning, Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and DNA
Binding Evaluation
Authors: Dastan Dara , Soleymanekhtiari Shabnam , Ebadi Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cancer remains a global burden, with increasing mortality rates. Current
cancer treatments involve controlling the transcription of malignant DNA genes, either directly or
indirectly. DNA exhibits various structural forms, including the G-quadruplex (G4), a secondary
structure in guanine-rich regions. G4 plays a crucial role in cellular processes by regulating gene
expression and telomerase function. Researchers have recently identified G4-stabilizing binding
agents as promising anti-cancer compounds. Additionally, peptides have emerged as effective anticancer
pharmaceuticals due to their ability to form multiple hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions,
and van der Waals forces. These properties enable peptides to bind to specific areas of DNA
chains selectively. However, despite these advancements, designing G4-binding peptides remains
challenging due to a lack of comprehensive information.

Objective:
In our present study, we employed an in silico fragment-based approach to design G4-
binding peptides. This innovative method combines machine learning classification, molecular
docking, and dynamics simulation.

Methods:
AutoDock Vina and Gromacs performed molecular docking and MD simulation, respectively.
The machine learning algorithm was implemented by Scikit-learn. Peptide synthesis
was performed using the SPPS method. The DNA binding affinity was measured by applying spectrophotometric
titration.

Results:
As a result of this approach, we identified a high-scoring peptide (p10; sequence: YWRWR).
The association constant (Ka) between p10 and the ctDNA double helix chain was 4.45 ×
105 M-1. Molecular modeling studies revealed that p10 could form a stable complex with the G4
surface.

Conclusion:
The obtained Ka value of 4.45 × 105 M-1 indicates favorable interactions. Our findings
highlight the role of machine learning and molecular modeling approaches in designing new
G4-binding peptides. Further research in this field could lead to targeted treatments that exploit
the unique properties of G4 structures.
A Case Report of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Breast with Multiple
Gastrointestinal and Cutaneous Metastases
Authors: Bao Yuhan , Wang Jingbo , Xue Jie 
Published: May 2024

Background::
The metastasis of primary breast invasive lobular carcinoma to the gastrointestinal tract and skin is a rare phenomenon, with the simultaneous
occurrence of both transfers being more uncommon.

Case Presentation::
This article reports a case of a patient with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast invasive lobular carcinoma with gastrointestinal tract
and skin metastases. The patient was assessed by a second-look ultrasound and diagnosed by subsequent ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.
Following endocrine therapy, a favorable effect was observed, with significant regression of the primary breast lesion, cutaneous metastases, and
gastrointestinal metastases.

Conclusion::
Patients with breast invasive lobular carcinoma should be alert to the possibility of breast cancer metastasis, even if there are no obvious symptoms
or signs, when they encounter rapidly progressive cutaneous nodules or plaques, or if they possess gastrointestinal abnormalities. For patients with
negative breast ultrasonography for the first time, after combining mammography, Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) or
Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations, if breast cancer is highly suspected, second-look ultrasound
is particularly crucial at this juncture, which is the key prerequisite for breast needle biopsy and obtaining the gold standard of pathology
Influence of Ceramic Wastes as a Recycled Coarse Aggregate with Different Maximum Sizes on the Concrete
Authors: Alshahwany Rana B. , Abdulkareem Omar M. , Shlla Riffa D. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Natural raw resources needed for concrete construction are continuously being depleted as a result of infrastructure development that is increasing. As a result, waste material substitutes are highly favored because they adopt a sustainable strategy.

Objective
In this study, the possibility of substituting natural coarse aggregates with coarse aggregate made from ceramic wall tiles with three different maximum aggregate sizes (12.5, 19, and 25 mm) in three partial replacement levels of natural coarse aggregate by (25, 50, and 75%) was investigated.

Methods
Concrete's hardened density, compressive and splitting tensile strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and volume of permeable pores were all tested experimentally.

Results
Results indicated that with the increment of the maximum aggregate size, each of the hardened densities, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths and the rate of water absorption diminished while pulse velocity enhanced, regardless of the substitution rate of ceramic aggregate. However, for all maximum aggregate sizes, the mixture containing 25% ceramic coarse aggregate showed a small improvement in mechanical properties. Compared to the reference mixture, which had compressive strengths of 29.31, 38.73, and 47.13 MPa at 7, 28, and 90 days for the 12.5 mm maximum aggregate size, the improvement ratios were 8.9%, 3.7%, and 2.7% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. Moreover, because of increased heterogeneity, internal bleeding, and the development of microcracks in the larger coarse aggregate sizes, concrete with lower ceramic coarse aggregate sizes has a stronger bond than that of the latter. Results also indicated that the mechanical performance of concrete mixtures having ceramic aggregate slightly improved with 25% ceramic coarse aggregate, then lowered in the mixtures with 50% and 75%, consecutively, at all ages. Concrete using ceramic aggregate displays a poor transition zone because of the improper binding between the paste and the coarse ceramic aggregate caused by the aggregate's porcelain texture. Additionally, the water absorption of concrete mixtures containing ceramic aggregate increased with the increase in the percentage of ceramic coarse aggregate.

Conclusion
The employing of ceramic waste aggregate was shown to contribute to sustainable development and a cleaner environment by producing sustainable concrete from the recycling of ceramic wastes. Each of the hardened density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption of concrete mixtures decreased and the pulse velocity enhanced as the maximum aggregate size increased. The mechanical properties decreased at all ages in the mixtures containing 50 and 75% of the aggregate, whereas they slightly increased in the mixture containing 25% of the aggregate.