bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of plant explants to obtain embryogenic callus clams as an early stage in the selection of Napier Grass cv Taiwan
Authors: Husni Ali , Kosmiatin Mia , Harmini  , Widodo Slamet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to obtain 50-100 mussels from a population of embryogenic callus derived from cultivars of Taiwan elephant grass. The research was conducted in three phases: 1) sterilization, which was accomplished by immersing the material in 70% alcohol solution, 20% chlorox, and rinsing it with sterile distilled water so that it could be cultured in the treatment media; 2) callus induction with explants of young leaves in culture medium supplemented with growth regulator (PGR) 2,4-D at a concentration of 2 mg/l and enriched with amino acids and casein hydrolysate; 3) callus proliferation and regeneration utilizing culture-based. The results indicated that the success rate of explant sterilization ranged from 10 to 78%, and the ability of the tissue to form callus ranged from 60 to 80%, with the highest callus-forming ability obtained from culture explants with chemical and physical combination sterilization by burning, while at the proliferation stage, it was obtained on average 5 times per series. After two weeks, the average callus weight was 1.72 to 1.76 g per bottle, increasing to 1.92 to 2.07 g per bottle for a total of 150 bottles, with 78.1 to 85.3% of callus cells capable of regenerating into shoots via organogenesis or embryogenesis. It was determined that the initial selection procedure for fodder plants from explants to obtain callus has the potential to be further developed.
Anthelmintic Activity of Red Macroalgae Acrocystis sp. and Acanthophora sp. Etanolic Extract Against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep In Vitro
Authors: Angger Sakti Awistaros , Ahmad Baihaqi Zein , Suwignyo Bambang , Sofyan Ahmad , Herdian Hendra , Kustantinah  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts from red macroalgae Acrocystis sp. and Acanthophora sp. against the nematode Haemonchus contortus found in sheep, in vitro. The adult worm motility test was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design with two factors: the type of macroalgae as the first factor and the time of observation as the second factor. A total of 100 adult female H. contortus worms were randomly divided into four treatments with five replicates each. Each replicate consisted of 5 worms placed in a petri dish containing 5 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (C: negative control), 1 mg/mL ethanolic extract of Acrocystis sp. (AR), 1 mg/mL ethanolic extract of Acanthophora sp. (AC), and 0.5 mg/mL albendazole (ALB: positive control). Sodium chloride 0.9% was used as the solvent for AR, AC, and ALB. The results demonstrated that, after 24 hour, AC exhibited anthelmintic activity by inhibiting the motility of H. contortus (P<0.05), to a remaining 4.00%, compared to AR (44.00%), although it could not compete with albendazole (P<0.05). Accordingly, the ethanolic extract of red macroalgae Acanthophora sp. holds potential for further investigation as an anthelmintic agent for ruminant livestock.
Chemical composition and protein quality of BSF larvae reared with different media in Lombok
Authors: Ketut Gede Wiryawan I , Hafiz Mandiling Irham , Kusuma Purnamasari Dwi , Maslami Vebera , Syamsuhaidi  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), scientifically known as Hermetia illucens, possess a substantial protein and fat content, enhancing their viability for incorporation into poultry feed. This characteristic positions them as one of the most favorable insect species for commercial productio. Its protein and fat content, however, varied among rearing media. This study aims to evaluate and compare the chemical composition, protein quality, and Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of BSFL reared with different media in Lombok Island. Three fourteen-day-old BSFL samples were collected from three BSFL farms rearing BSFL with different media i.e., rejected bread and expired sweetened condensed milk (A), organic household waste (B), and broiler manure (C). The samples were analyzed for their proximate composition, amino acids, and gross energy contents using the standard method. The results showed that protein and fat contents of BSFL reared with media A, B and C were 40.11 and 20.29 %; 39.09 and 37.17%, 28.37 and 29.49 % respectively. All samples were good sources of lysine and threonine with a chemical score over 100, but deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids and tryptophan. The AME value ranged from 5447 to 6085 Kcal/kg, and protein digestibility was between 72.78 and 78.67%. It can be concluded that BSFL has a high AME value and is rich in lysine and threonine but deficient in methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan.
Smallholder farmers’ decision-making style in the process of adopting beef cattle feed innovation in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Trisakti Haryadi Fransiskus , Made Ari Kusuma Dewi Ni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Decision-making style describes anecdotally the way each individual makes decisions. The aim of this research was to analyse the decision-making style of farmers in the process of adopting innovative feed for beef cattle fattening. This research is a case study of a group of beef cattle farmers in Kapanewon Bantul, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The method for determining groups uses a purposive sampling method. Respondents in this study were all members of groups determined using the census method. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews with respondent farmers using prepared instruments. The data collected was analysed descriptively. Farmers’ decision-making styles based on rational (81.2%), intuitive (72.3%), and dependent (63.4%) dimensions are in the high category, while avoidant (54.4%) and spontaneous (64.4%) decision making styles are in the medium category. The conclusion in this research is that smallholder farmers are very careful in making decisions. Strong priorities emerge for the rational decision-making style. Fattening cattle farmers have considered the risks and benefits of the profits obtained when having to make decisions about using feed innovation because it is seen as a determinant in the livestock business.
Estrus detection on different thoroughbred crossbreed horses with vaginal smear and vaginal acidity method
Authors: Sitaresmi P I , Wulandari A , Hudaya M F , Santoso S , Herdis H , Anwar R I , Nurlatifa A , Maulana H , Yulianto M D E , Widayati D T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Breeding manipulation season in racehorses is required to ensure the birth at the specific period (August-December), which will maximize the foal’s age when participating in their first race (July). Therefore, it is important to time the mating of mares using highly accurate estrus detection methods. This research was conducted to identify the differences data using vaginal smear and pH vagina of Thorougbred crossbreed mares in estrus and anestrus phases. Fifteen multiparous mares were conducted with a period of estrus of 19-22d. The result data showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the vaginal cell distribution patterns at each phase of the estrus cycle. The superficial cells predominate (92.43±5.14%) in the estrus phase while significant parabasal cells (87.89±3.09%) predominate in the anestrus phase. The results also showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in vaginal pH which was much more alkaline (8.71±0.25) in the estrus phase while more significantly acidic-normal (6.02±0.26) in the anestrus phase. However, the results showed no difference both in vaginal smear and pH vagina based on pedigree group. Finally, the pattern of superficial cells being more common and vaginal pH levels being higher during estrus may offer a new way to find out when an equine is in estrus.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Chicken’s Prolactin Gene based on Genbank Sequences
Authors: Rosalinda E , Sari A P Z N L , Saraswati Y V , Istarisa A F , Sasongko H , Alfiyanto A R , Maharani D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The prolactin gene (PRL) has a role in controlling broodiness and egg production in chickens. This study aimed to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in the chicken PRL gene sequences and analyzed the possible restriction enzymes to conduct the PCR-RFLP as a preliminary study. Four sequences of the PRL gene were collected from GenBank and aligned. Primers were designed for the simulation of restriction enzyme analysis. Virtual PCR-RFLP gel electrophoresis was generated specifically for SNPs located in exon regions. As a result, there were 6 SNPs found in the exon regions. Restriction enzyme analysis revealed there were two SNPs (g.5806C/T and g.5856T/A) that cannot recognized by any restriction enzyme. The SNP g.5878C/T was only perceived by the TaqI enzyme. Three restriction enzymes could be used to recognize the SNP g.1621G/C (BsmAI, BsaI, and BcoDI) and g.5753G/C (SfaNI, HphI, and MslI). The BsrI, BmrI, BsMFI, and Hpy188I enzymes could be used to recognize SNP g.5781G/C. The SfaNI, HphI, and TaqI match the criteria for detection of the SNP g.5753 G/C and g.5878C/T using the PCR-RFLP method. In conclusion, the SfaNI, HphI, and TaqI enzymes can be used for conventional analysis using the PCR-RFLP method.
Production and morphological characteristics of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) in Mekong delta, Vietnam
Authors: Linh N T , Qui N H , Dong N T K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To meet the demands of an increasing population, protein sources from meat should be diverted. Muscovy duck is a potential protein source of high meat weight and quality for humans. The study tried to describe all information of production and morphological traits of local Muscovy ducks from 1-12 weeks old. This study involved 40 Muscovy ducks from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and showed that local male and female Muscovy ducks differed, with male ducks performing better in terms of growth rate, nutrients in meat. The typical morphological characteristics of local Muscovy ducks are black plumage for whole body with small spot white in wings. The highest body weight (BW) was 3,356±166.3 g/head for male ducks and 2,036±104.4 g/head for female ducks. The birds could grow up to 23.72-39.32 g/day from 1-12 weeks age and consume 99.02-153.9 g/head/day feed. Meat of male ducks accounts for 65.8% of live BW while female duck meat accounts for 67% of live BW. The nutritional composition of female ducks was almost the same with male ducks, especially crude protein, at > 21%. It could be concluded that male Muscovy ducks can be used more suitable for meat purposes.
The Existence of Macroalgae in Indonesia: Unlocking the Nutritive Potential for Sustainable Beef Production
Authors: Panjaitan Tanda , Firison Jhon , Nyoman Suyasa I , Tambunan Reny , Atmoko Bayu , Krishna Noor , Adinata Yudi , Hilmi Nurul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Assessment of the existence of macroalgae and revealing the chemical composition to investigate the potential usage for feed to support sustainable beef production has been conducted in Indonesian prominent livestock production area specifically Lombok, Bali, Yogyakarta, Lampung and Bengkulu. These regions host numerous seaweed production centres, while others hold the capacity to develop into seaweed cultivation zones. To assess the existence, utilisation, and accessibility of macroalgae in each region, observations and interviews were conducted. Subsequently, dominant macroalgae species were sampled and subjected to proximate analysis to determine their nutritional profiles. The results showed that the dominant macroalgae observed included red algae (Rhodophyta) like Eucheuma sp., Gracilaria sp., and Acanthophora sp., green algae (Chlorophyta) such as Ulva sp. and Caulerpa sp., and the brown alga (Phaeophyta) Sargassum sp. The dominant macroalgae found in all five observation sites with high abundance were Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp., and Eucheuma cottonii. Ulva sp. and Eucheuma spinosum were present at four sites, while Acanthophora sp. and Caulerpa sp. were found at three sites. The dry matter content of the macroalgae ranged from 9.92% to 17.01%, with the highest values observed in the Eucheuma group (14.11%-17.01%). This was followed by Sargassum sp. (12.55 ± 2.40%), Ulva sp. (12.28 ± 2.33%), and Gracilaria sp. (11.09 ± 3.79%). Caulerpa sp. exhibited the lowest dry matter content (9.92 ± 1.29%). The crude protein (CP) content varied both within and between groups of algae species and observation sites. Gracilaria sp. exhibited the highest CP content (13.55 ± 0.16%), followed by Caulerpa sp. (11.87 ± 2.22%), Sargassum sp. (8.98 ± 0.42%), and Ulva sp. (6.98 ± 0.94%). The mineral content of the macroalgae was noticeably high, which is reflected in the low organic matter content. Ulva sp. had the highest organic matter content (80.17%), followed by Sargassum sp. (70.55%), Gracilaria sp. (66.53%), Caulerpa sp. (47.61%), and Eucheuma cottonii (43.50%). The readily available seaweed in this study tend to exhibit moderate to high protein and mineral content, making it a promising partial replacement or supplement for conventional feed, potentially contributing to sustainable beef production. Gracilaria sp., the most readily available seaweed, high in nutrient content with the potential to partially replace conventional feed protein sources. Its abundance of vitamins and minerals may enrich the overall value of the feed.
Cardiorenal effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers among people underrepresented in trials: analysis of routinely collected data with emulation of a reference trial (ONTARGET)
Authors: Baptiste Paris J , Wong Angel Y S , Schultze Anna , Clase Catherine M , Leyrat Clémence , Williamson Elizabeth , Powell Emma , Mann Johannes F E , Cunnington Marianne , Teo Koon , Bangdiwala Shrikant I , Gao Peggy , Tomlinson Laurie , Wing Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), compared in the ONTARGET trial (Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial), each prevent cardiovascular disease. However, trial results may not be generalizable, and their effectiveness in underrepresented groups is unclear. Using trial emulation methods within routine-care data to validate findings, we explored the generalizability of ONTARGET results. For people prescribed an ACEi/ARB in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD dataset from January 1, 2001, to July 31, 2019, we applied trial criteria and propensity-score methods to create an ONTARGET trial-eligible cohort. Comparing ARB with ACEi, we estimated hazard ratios for the primary composite trial outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and secondary outcomes. Because the prespecified criteria were met, confirming trial emulation, we then explored treatment heterogeneity among 3 trial-underrepresented subgroups: females, persons aged ≥75 years, and those with chronic kidney disease. In the trial-eligible population (n = 137 155), results for the primary outcome demonstrated similar effects of ARB and ACEi (hazard ratio = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.01), meeting the prespecified validation criteria. When extending this outcome to trial-underrepresented groups, similar treatment effects were observed by sex, age, and chronic kidney disease. This suggests that ONTARGET trial findings are generalizable to trial-underrepresented subgroups.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Characterization of a KU70-disrupted strain of the mannosylerythritol lipid-producing yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis constructed by a marker recycling system
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Ishiya Koji , Saika Azusa , Morita Tomotake 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The basidiomycetous yeast Pseudozyma tsukubaensis is known as an industrial mannosylerythritol lipid producer. In this study, the PtURA5 marker gene was deleted by homologous recombination. Using the PtURA5-deleted mutant as a host strain, we obtained a derivative disrupted for the PtKU70 gene, a putative ortholog of the KU70 gene encoding a protein involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway of DNA repair. Subsequently, the introduced PtURA5 gene was re-deleted by marker recycling. These results demonstrated that the PtURA5 gene can be used as a recyclable marker gene. Although the frequency of homologous recombination has been shown to be increased by KU70 disruption in other fungi, the PtKU70-disrupted strain of P. tsukubaensis did not demonstrate an elevated frequency of homologous recombination. Furthermore, the PtKU70-disrupted strain did not show increased susceptibility to bleomycin. These results suggested that the function of this KU70 ortholog in P. tsukubaensis is distinct from that in other fungi.
Captive birds exhibit greater foraging efficiency and vigilance after anti-predator training
Authors: Roberts Jessica L , Luther David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rearing animals in captivity for conservation translocation is a complex undertaking that demands interdisciplinary management tactics. The maladapted behaviors that captive animals can develop create unique problems for wildlife managers seeking to release these animals into the wild. Often, released captive animals show decreased survival due to predation and their inability to display appropriate anti-predator, vigilance, and risk-analysis behaviors. Additionally, released animals may have poor foraging skills, further increasing their vulnerability to predation. Often conservation translocation programs use anti-predator training to ameliorate these maladapted behaviors before release but find mixed results in behavioral responses. The behavioral scope of analyzing the effect of anti-predator trainings is frequently narrow; the effect of this training on an animal’s risk-analysis competency, or ability to assess the predation risk of a foraging patch and subsequently adjust its behavior, remains unstudied. Using a captive-reared passerine species, the American robin (Turdus migratorius) (46 individuals), we applied an experimental giving up density test (GUD) to analyze the effect of anti-predator training on the robins’ vigilance/risk-analysis behaviors, patch choice, and the GUD of food left behind after one foraging session. Robins moved and foraged freely between 3 foraging patches of differing predation risk before and after a hawk silhouette was presented for 1 min. Results indicate that after anti-predator training, robins displayed increased vigilance across most foraging patches and better foraging efficiency (higher vigilance and latency to forage with simultaneous lower GUD) in the safest patch. These results can have positive survival implications post-release, however, more research on this training is needed because anti-predator training has the potential to elicit indiscriminate increased vigilance to the detriment of foraging gains. Further research is required to standardize GUD’s application in translocation programs with multigenerational captive-bred animals to fully comprehend its effectiveness in identifying and correcting maladaptive behaviors. GUD tests combined with behavioral analysis should be used by conservation translocation managers to examine the need for anti-predator and foraging trainings, the effects of trainings, and a group’s suitability for release.
Prospective study of the effect of rituximab on kidney function in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Kanigicherla Durga A K , Kehagia Angie A , Jamshidi Babak , Manounah Lina , Barnes Anna , Patrick Hannah , Powell Helen , Austin Catrin , Norton Stephen , Willcocks Lisa , Griffith Megan , Braddon Fiona , Steenkamp Retha , McKane William S , Khwaja Arif 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and poor kidney function or active disease despite previous immunosuppression are underrepresented in clinical trials. It is unknown how effective rituximab is in this population.

Methods
This prospective, multi-centre, single-arm, real-world study of patients with active MN [urine protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR) &gt;350 mg/mmol and serum albumin &lt;30 g/L, or a fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20% or more over at least 3 months] evaluated rituximab in those with contraindications to calcineurin inhibitors and cytotoxic therapy. The primary outcome was change in rate of eGFR decline before and after rituximab. Complete or partial remission were defined as uPCR &lt;30 mg/mmol or uPCR &lt;350 mg/mmol with a ≥50% fall from baseline, respectively.

Results
A total of 180 patients [median age 59 years, interquartile range (IQR) 48–68] received rituximab and were followed up for a median duration of 17 months. Seventy-seven percent had prior immunosuppression. Median eGFR and uPCR at baseline were 49.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 34.4–80.6) and 766 mg/mmol (IQR 487–1057), respectively. The annual rate of decline of eGFR fell from 13.9 to 1.7 mL/min/1.73 m2/year following rituximab (Z score = 2.48, P &lt; .0066). At 18 months 12% and 42% of patients were in complete or partial remission, respectively. Rituximab was well tolerated; patient survival was 95.6% at 2 years and in patients in whom eGFR was available, kidney survival was 93% at 2 years.

Conclusion
Rituximab significantly reduced the rate of eGFR decline in active MN including those who had received prior immunosuppression or with poor baseline kidney function.
Probiotic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Trichuris Suis Ova: A Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [the PROCTO Trial]
Authors: Prosberg Michelle V , Halkjær Sofie I , Lo Bobby , Bremerskov-Köser Christina , Ilvemark Johan F K F , Seidelin Jakob B , Kristiansen Malene F , Kort Anja , Kallemose Thomas , Bager Peter , Bendtsen Flemming , Nordgaard-Lassen Inge , Kapel Hanne S , Kringel Helene , Kapel Christian M O , Petersen Andreas M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
To demonstrate that administration of 7500 Trichuris suis ova [TSO] every second week over 24 weeks would reduce the intestinal inflammation in moderate ulcerative colitis.

Methods
A single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial of 7500 Trichuris suis ova every 2 weeks for 24 weeks compared with placebo in moderate activity of ulcerative colitis [Mayo score 6–10] were performed. Primary outcome: clinical remission; secondary outcomes: clinical response at 24 weeks, complete corticosteroid-free clinical remission, endoscopic remission, symptomatic remission at 12 and 24 weeks, and partial Mayo score over time.

Results
In all, 119 patients were randomised to Trichuris suis ova [n = 60] or placebo [n = 59]. At Week 24, clinical remission was achieved in 30% of Trichuris suis ova-treated vs 34% of placebo-treated (risk ratio [RR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–1.50; p = 0.80, intention to treat). No difference was found in clinical response in any of the clinical response subgroups. However, in patients who did not need treatment with corticosteroids during the trial, a temporary effect of TSO was seen in the analysis of symptomatic remission at Week 12 [p = 0.01] and the partial Mayo score at Week 14 and Week 18 [p &lt; 0.05 and p = 0.02].

Conclusions
Compared with placebo, Trichuris suis ova administration was not superior in achieving clinical remission at Week 24 in ulcerative colitis or in achieving clinical Mayo score reduction, complete corticosteroid-free clinical remission, or endoscopic remission. However, Trichuris suis ova treatment induced symptomatic temporary remission at Week 12.