bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Oral Disease Among Older Adults and Implications for Public Health Priorities
Authors: Griffin Susan O. , Jones Judith A. , Brunson Diane , Griffin Paul M. , Bailey William D. 
Published: January 2012

Dental disease is largely preventable. Many older adults, however, experience poor oral health. National data for older adults show racial/ethnic and income disparities in untreated dental disease and oral health–related quality of life. Persons reporting poor versus good health also report lower oral health–related quality of life. On the basis of these findings, suggested public health priorities include better integrating oral health into medical care, implementing community programs to promote healthy behaviors and improve access to preventive services, developing a comprehensive strategy to address the oral health needs of the homebound and long-term-care residents, and assessing the feasibility of ensuring a safety net that covers preventive and basic restorative services to eliminate pain and infection.
Feeding a Family in a Recession: Food Insecurity Among Minnesota Parents
Authors: Bruening Meg , MacLehose Richard , Loth Katie , Story Mary , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We assessed current levels of food insecurity among a large, diverse sample of parents and examined associations between food insecurity and parental weight status, eating patterns, and the home food environment. Methods. Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity Among Teens) examined the home food environments of adolescents. Parents and caregivers (n = 2095) living with adolescents from the Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota school districts completed mailed surveys during a 12-month period in 2009–2010. We performed our assessments using multivariate regressions. Results. Almost 39% of the parents and caregivers experienced household food insecurity, whereas 13% experienced very low food security. Food insecurity was significantly associated with poorer nutrition-related variables such as higher rates of parental overweight and obesity, less healthy foods served at meals, and higher rates of binge eating. Food-insecure parents were 2 to 4 times more likely to report barriers to accessing fruits and vegetables. Conclusions. Food insecurity was highly prevalent. Environmental interventions are needed to protect vulnerable families against food insecurity and to improve access to affordable, healthy foods.
Investor Relations, Firm Visibility, and Investor Following
Authors: Bushee Brian J. , Miller Gregory S. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
We examine the actions and outcomes of investor relations (IR) programs in smaller, less-visible firms. Through interviews with IR professionals, we learn that IR strategies have a common goal of attracting institutional investors and that direct access to management, rather than increased disclosure, is viewed as the key driver of the strategy's success. We test for the effects of IR programs by examining small-cap companies that hired IR firms in a differences-in-differences research design with controls for changes in disclosure and determinants of the decision to initiate IR. Relative to a matched sample of control firms, we find that companies initiating IR programs exhibit greater increases in institutional investor ownership and a shift toward investors that normally would not follow the companies. We also find greater improvements in analyst following, media coverage, and the book-to-price ratio. Our results indicate that IR activities successfully improve visibility, investor following, and market value.
Data Availability: All analyses are based on publicly available data.
Reporting dichotomous data using Logistic Regression in Medical Research: The scenario in developing countries
Authors: Sathian Brijesh 
Published: January 2012

Logistic regression is one of the powerful analytical techniques for use when the outcome variable is dichotomous and the coefficients derived from logistic regression can be interpreted as odds ratio. The analysis under logistic regression gives the β coefficient along with the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for odds ratio. Since the β coefficients are the natural logarithm of the risk, we have to exponentiate them to get the estimate of risk (odds ratio). Currently, the most widely used statistical methodology for reporting dichotomous data in developed countries is logistic regression analysis. But in developing countries, several research studies with dichotomous data are reported using percentages or cross tabulation method because of the ignorance of the application and knowledge of this methodology among the authors, readers, reviewers and editors. This trend in developing countries should be changed through the use of appropriate statistical methods with the help of professional data analysts, otherwise research cannot investigate vital findings. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i4.5752 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(4):111-113
Epibiont Infestation on Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus gigas (Müller) at Pantai Balok in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Tan A.N. , Christianus A. , Satar M.K. Abdul 
Published: January 2012

A one year study was conducted at Pantai Balok in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia to investigate the epibiont infestation on horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas. Number of horseshoe crabs landed was enumerated and each prosoma size (prosoma length and width) was measured. Prosoma width of the horseshoe crabs was used as a morphometric proxy to estimate the approximate age and instar stage of the individual crabs. All horseshoe crabs examined were adult individuals. The carapaces of horseshoe crabs were carefully examined for epibiont infestation. The epibiont was identified to genus level. In this study, acorn barnacle Balanus, pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis, conical slipper shells Calyptraea and flat slipper shells Crepidula were found on the carapaces of horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas collected from Pantai Balok. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5725
Une lecture institutionnaliste de la gouvernance de l’eau potable : des terrains d’Afrique de l’Ouest francophone aux faits stylisés
Authors: Baron Catherine , Maillefert Muriel 
Published: January 2012

The issue of water and in particular the access to potable water in developing countries has become a great challenge on the local scale as well as at the global level. Public policies—often under the influence of donors—have successively favored several patterns of access to water. Each of these patterns has been tested, though none has been able to achieve established objectives from the point of view of both efficiency and equity. Using an institutionalist perspective that focuses on the issues of actors constructing collective rules of resources management and distribution, we perform a comparative analysis of the processes of emergence and of institutional sustainability for water management in some French-speaking African countries, based on field cases.Spanish
La problemática del agua, particularmente el acceso al agua potable en los países en desarrollo, se ha convertido en un gran desafío a nivel local y global. Las políticas públicas, a menudo bajo influencia de concesionarios, han implementado en los últimos años diversos modelos de acceso al agua sin alcanzar los objetivos de eficiencia y equidad esperados. A partir de información de campo, y desde una perspectiva institucionalista centrada en la construcción social de reglas colectivas de gestión y asignación de recursos, nos proponemos un análisis comparativo de los procesos de surgimiento y sustentabilidad de las instituciones encargadas de la gestión del agua en países africanos de habla francesa.French
La problématique de l'eau, et notamment l'accès à une eau saine dans les pays en développement, est devenue un enjeu majeur tant à l'échelle locale qu'au niveau global. Les politiques publiques, souvent sous influence des bailleurs, ont successivement privilégié plusieurs modèles d'accès à l'eau, chacun ayant été testé, sans pour autant atteindre les objectifs fixés à la fois sur le plan de l'efficacité et sur celui de l'équité. Nous proposons, à partir d'une entrée institutionnaliste, c'est-à-dire qui s'intéresse aux enjeux de la construction, par les acteurs, des règles collectives de gestion et de répartition des ressources, une analyse comparative des processus d'émergence et de pérennisation des institutions pour la gestion de l'eau dans certains pays d'Afrique francophone, à partir de données de terrain.
Endovascular Treatment of Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas: Is Immediate Post-Interventional Blood Flow a Predictor of Patency?
Authors: Heerwagen Søren T. , Hansen Marc A. , Schroeder Torben V. , Ladefoged Søren D. , Lönn Lars 
Published: January 2012

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate if the immediate hemodynamic outcome of an endovascular intervention on a dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula is a prognostic factor for primary patency. Methods This was a prospective observational study including 61 consecutive patients with dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas referred to our endovascular unit. Patients were treated in accordance with institutional standard protocol including immediate pre- and post-interventional blood flow measurements using an intravascular catheter system. The primary end-point was primary patency at 12 months in patients with an immediate post-interventional blood flow above or below 600 ml/min. Primary patency was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the standard error of the estimate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to study the effect of blood flow and other potential predictor variables. Results Post interventional flow did not significantly influence primary patency (p = 0.76). Primary patency was found to be affected by having a history of previous intervention(s) (p = 0.008, hazard ratio 2.9) or low fistula age (P=.038, hazard ratio 0.97 [one-month increase]). Primary patency in group 1 (previous intervention(s)) was 34% ± 13% at 12 months. In group 2 (no previous intervention), primary patency at 12 months was 62% ± 9%. Conclusions The results of this study do not provide scientific support for using the immediate hemodynamic outcome of an intervention as a prognostic factor for primary patency. Low fistula age and a history of previous intervention in particular were found to reduce primary patency significantly.
Classic Stroop Negative Priming Effects for Children and Adults Diverge With Less-Conflicting and Nonconflicting Conditions
Authors: Pritchard Verena E. , Neumann Ewald 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Negative priming indexes an inhibition process that aids target selection by reducing distractor interference. To date, children have produced negative priming only in tasks where distractor response tendencies are consistently greater than or equal to targets and not in tasks containing a substantial proportion of low-conflict distractors. To establish the exact parameters under which children’s negative priming attenuates relative to adults, we varied processing demands across 2 experiments involving children and adults. Negative priming was comparable when 100% high-conflict conditions were encountered (Experiment 1) and was intact in adults but not children when a ratio of 50:50 high- to low-conflict conditions was encountered (Experiment 2). Compared with adults, children seem induced to divide attention more generally when lowconflict attentional conditions are included, attenuating negative priming.
Workload and Stress in Vigilance: The Impact of Display Format and Task Type
Authors: Szalma James L. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Signal salience was manipulated using configural and object displays to examine their effects on the performance, workload, and stress of vigilance. Improving performance and reducing the workload and stress of vigilance are crucial concerns. Signal salience improves performance and reduces stress, but to date there have been no salience manipulations using configural displays in a vigilance task. Two task types (individual variable monitoring and midpoint identification) and 3 display formats (bar graph-different baselines, bar graph-common baseline, and a polygon graph display) were examined. Configural displays improved performance in the midpoint identification task but not in the individual variable monitoring task. Workload depended on the form of display features (bar graph vs. polygon). Stress increased across all conditions, but task and display format did not affect stress. The midpoint identification task was associated with more emotion-focused and avoidant coping. Increasing signal salience in a vigilance task using configural displays with emergent features or physical contours can improve performance and reduce the decrement. These displays may not reduce the stress of vigilance or encourage task-focused coping. Therefore, there may be hidden costs to vigilance performance even when highly salient configural displays are used.
Gecko‐Inspired Controllable Adhesive Structures Applied to Micromanipulation
Authors: Mengüç Yiğit , Yang Sang Yoon , Kim Seok , Rogers John A. , Sitti Metin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGecko‐inspired angled elastomer micropillars with flat or round tip endings are presented as compliant pick‐and‐place micromanipulators. The pillars are 35 μm in diameter, 90 μm tall, and angled at an inclination of 20°. By gently pressing the tip of a pillar to a part, the pillar adheres to it through intermolecular forces. Next, by retracting quickly, the part is picked from a given donor substrate. During transferring, the adhesion between the pillar and the part is high enough to withstand disturbances due to external forces or the weight of the part. During release of the part onto a receiver substrate, the contact area of the pillar to the part is drastically reduced by controlled vertical or shear displacement, which results in reduced adhesive forces. The maximum repeatable ratio of pick‐to‐release adhesive forces is measured as 39 to 1. It is found that a flat tip shape and shear displacement control provide a higher pick‐to‐release adhesion ratio than a round tip and vertical displacement control, respectively. A model of forces to serve as a framework for the operation of this micromanipulator is presented. Finally, demonstrations of pick‐and‐place manipulation of micrometer‐scale silicon microplatelets and a centimeter‐scale glass cover slip serve as proofs of the concept. The compliant polymer micropillars are safe for use with fragile parts, and, due to exploiting intermolecular forces, could be effective on most materials and in air, vacuum, and liquid environments.
Electrical Transport Properties of Large, Individual NiCo2O4 Nanoplates
Authors: Hu Linfeng , Wu Limin , Liao Meiyong , Hu Xinhua , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the electrical transport properties of individual semiconductor nanostructures is crucial to advancing their practical applications in high‐performance nanodevices. Large‐sized individual nanostructures with smooth surfaces are preferred because they can be easily made into nanodevices using conventional photolithography procedures rather than having to rely on costly and complex electron‐beam lithography techniques. In this study, micrometer‐sized NiCo2O4 nanoplates are successfully prepared from their corresponding hydroxide precursor using a quasi‐topotactic transformation. The Co/Ni atomic arrangement shows no changes during the transformation from the rhombohedral LDH precursor (space group R$ \bar 3 $m) to the cubic NiCo2O4 spinel (space group Fd $ \bar 3 $m), and the nanoplate retains its initial morphology during the conversion process. In particular, electrical transport within an individual NiCo2O4 nanoplate is further investigated. The mechanisms of electrical conduction in the low‐temperature range (T < 100 K) can be explained in terms of the Mott's variable‐range hopping model. At high temperatures (T > 100 K), both the variable‐range hopping and nearest‐neighbor hopping mechanisms contribute to the electrical transport properties of the NiCo2O4 nanoplate. These initial results will be useful to understanding the fundamental characteristics of these nanoplates and to designing functional nanodevices from NiCo2O4 nanostructures.
A High Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor from Nano‐architectured Ni(OH)2/Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Tang Zhe , Tang Chun‐hua , Gong Hao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe demand for advanced energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries has been increasing to meet the application requirements of hybrid vehicles and renewable energy systems. A major limitation of state‐of‐art supercapacitors lies in their relatively low energy density compared with lithium batteries although they have superior power density and cycle life. Here, we report an additive‐free, nano‐architectured nickel hydroxide/carbon nanotube (Ni(OH)2/CNT) electrode for high energy density supercapacitors prepared by a facile two‐step fabrication method. This Ni(OH)2/CNT electrode consists of a thick layer of conformable Ni(OH)2 nano‐flakes on CNT bundles directly grown on Ni foams (NFs) with a very high areal mass loading of 4.85 mg cm−2 for Ni(OH)2. Our Ni(OH)2/CNT/NF electrode demonstrates the highest specific capacitance of 3300 F g−1 and highest areal capacitance of 16 F cm−2, to the best of our knowledge. An asymmetric supercapacitor using the Ni(OH)2/CNT/NF electrode as the anode assembled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode can achieve a high cell voltage of 1.8 V and an energy density up to 50.6 Wh/kg, over 10 times higher than that of traditional electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs).
Novel Cu Nanowires/Graphene as the Back Contact for CdTe Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Jun , Bi Hui , Wan Dongyun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCu‐nanowire‐doped graphene (Cu NWs/graphene) is successfully incorporated as the back contact in thin‐film CdTe solar cells. 1D, single‐crystal Cu nanowires (NWs) are prepared by a hydrothermal method at 160 °C and 3D, highly crystalline graphene is obtained by ambient‐pressure CVD at 1000 °C. The Cu NWs/graphene back contact is obtained from fully mixing the Cu nanowires and graphene with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and N‐methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP), and then annealing at 185 °C for solidification. The back contact possesses a high electrical conductivity of 16.7 S cm−1 and a carrier mobility of 16.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. The efficiency of solar cells with Cu NWs/graphene achieved is up to 12.1%, higher than that of cells with traditional back contacts using Cu‐particle‐doped graphite (10.5%) or Cu thin films (9.1%). This indicates that the Cu NWs/graphene back contact improves the hole collection ability of CdTe cells due to the percolating network, with the super‐high aspect ratio of the Cu nanowires offering enormous electrical transport routes to connect the individual graphene sheets. The cells with Cu NWs/graphene also exhibit an excellent thermal stability, because they can supply an active Cu diffusion source to form an stable intermediate layer of CuTe between the CdTe layer and the back contact.
Triflic Acid‐Functionalized Silica‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Synthesis of gem‐Dihydroperoxides
Authors: Liu Yong‐Hui , Deng Jia , Gao Jian‐Wu , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTriflic acid‐functionalized silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles [γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐TfOH] were readily prepared and identified as an effictive catalyst for the transformation of aldehydes or ketones into their corresponding gem‐dihydroperoxides with 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst was easily separated by magnetic decantation and the recovered catalyst was reused for seven cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones via a Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Decarboxylative/Carboxylative Cyclization of a Propiolic Acid, a Primary Amine and an Aldehyde
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Song Gonghua , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA facile approach to polysubstituted oxazolidin‐2‐ones is presented via a copper(I)‐catalyzed tandem decarboxylative/carboxylative cyclization of a propiolic acid, a primary amine and an aldehyde (PA2‐coulpling). This new multicomponent coupling constitutes an efficient methodology to provide the corresponding oxazolidin‐2‐ones in good yields.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolidines, Pyrazolines and Pyrazolidinones
Authors: Fernández Maitane , Reyes Efraím , Vicario Jose L. , Badía Dolores , Carrillo Luisa 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnantiopure pyrazolidines, pyrazolines and pyrazolidinones have been accessed in a direct and efficient manner through an organocatalytic, enantioselective aza‐Michael/hemiaminal formation cascade process from enals and N,N′‐disubstituted hydrazides. The process takes place with high regio‐ and stereoselectivities and furnishes the target compounds in high overall yields by means of an operationally very simple methodology.
HITlights: A career perspective on heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo decades of research into heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) permit a personal historical perspective on this fascinating syndrome. Previously, the frequency of HIT was unknown, although complicating thrombosis was believed to be rare and primarily arterial. The opportunity to apply a remarkable test for “HIT antibodies”—the 14C‐serotonin‐release assay (SRA)—to serial plasma samples obtained during a clinical trial of heparin thromboprophylaxis, provided insights into the peculiar nature of HIT, such as, its prothrombotic nature—including its strong association with venous thrombosis (RR = 11.6 [95%CI, 6.4–20.8; P < 0.0001); its more frequent occurrence with unfractionated versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin; the “iceberg” model, which states that among the many patients who form anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies during heparin therapy, only a minority whose antibodies evince strong platelet‐activating properties develop HIT; and the characteristic HIT timeline, whereby serum/plasma antibodies are readily detectable at or prior to the HIT‐associated platelet count fall. Applying the SRA also to patients encountered in clinical practice led to recognition of warfarin‐induced venous limb gangrene (for which HIT is a major risk factor via its extreme hypercoagulability) and delayed‐onset HIT (whereby thrombocytopenia begins or worsens following heparin discontinuation, due to the ability of HIT antibodies strongly to activate platelets even in the absence of heparin—so‐called heparin‐“independent” platelet activation). Recent concepts include the increasing recognition of HIT “overdiagnosis” (due to the low diagnostic specificity of the widely‐applied PF4‐dependent immunoassays), and the observation that HIT‐associated consumptive coagulopathy is a risk factor for treatment failure with PTT‐adjusted direct thrombin inhibitor therapy (“PTT confounding” secondary to HIT‐associated coagulopathy). Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.