bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imperiled Femininity: The Dismembering of Citizenship in Northern Mexico
Authors: Haney Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article examines how historical constructions of Mexican citizenship are implicated in women's current performances of femininity in Chihuahua City. Throughout much of Mexican history, women's rights to life and bodily integrity did not inhere within their own persons but were extensions of the rights of their fathers and husbands. Women living outside male protection had no guarantee of security, and those living within such protection were only guaranteed security from men outside of their relationships of dependency. The following work argues that the legacy of dependent citizenship has created a “bodies politic,” which structures the current system of impunity for gendered violence, and that these structures continue to have an impact on the reimagining of femininity. Drawing on 13 months of fieldwork spent investigating which performances of femininity women most associated with security; this research examines the quotidian strategies through which women are negotiating their need and/or desire to expand upon such performances with their continued desire for security in the increasingly dangerous environment of Northern Mexico.
Inmigración, política y protesta popular contra la explotación laboral en Buenos Aires – Argentina
Authors: Betrisey Débora 
Published: July 2012

ResumenLa crisis económica y política desatada en Argentina durante el año 2001 genera movimientos políticos populares donde hombres y mujeres de diversas clases sociales y orígenes nacionales (argentinos, bolivianos, peruanos, paraguayos, etc.) establecen un vínculo, hasta entonces difícil y poco probable, para realizar un trabajo de reivindicación conjunto. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar las formas culturales que la lucha contra la explotación laboral ha tomado en los talleres textiles de Buenos Aires durante los últimos años. Particularmente, analizo aquellos movimientos llevados a cabo por los integrantes de una asamblea barrial ubicada en Parque Avellaneda, en la que participan un importante número de mujeres de origen boliviano. Estos talleres se caracterizan por las condiciones de pobreza y precariedad laboral que ofrecen a sus trabajadoras. Para ello situamos la temática de las prácticas políticas y los procesos organizativos de los sectores populares en los marcos más amplios de las relaciones de hegemonía, atendiendo a las subjetividades de los diferentes agentes sociales que participan en dichos movimientos y su forma de contrarrestar las interpelaciones dominantes.
Antifibrosis effects of triterpene acids of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. leaf in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yang Yaru , Huang Yan , Huang Cheng , Lv Xiongwen , Liu Liping , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Jun 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effect and some mechanisms of action of triterpene acids of loquat (TAL) on bleomycin A5-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats.

Methods
A model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by injecting rats with a single dose of bleomycin A5 (5 mg/kg) into the trachea. From the second day, rats in the preventive groups were treated with TAL (50, 150 or 450 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (1.2 mg/kg). On the 28th day after medication, the rats were killed and haematoxylin-eosin or masson staining was used to evaluate the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels in alveolar macrophage culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in alveolar macrophage was observed by RT-PCR.

Key findings
Lung histopathological examination showed TAL could ameliorate the structure of the lung and alleviate fibrogenesis. At the same time, TAL (150 or 450 mg/kg dose group) could reduce the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in alveolar macrophage of rats with pulmonary fibrosis at either the protein or mRNA level.

Conclusions
TAL had a positive prophylactic effect on lung fibrosis, which might have been related to its reduction on TNF-α or TGF-β1 expression in the alveolar macrophage of pulmonary fibrosis rats.
Linearization of dose–response curve of the radiochromic film dosimetry system
Authors: Devic Slobodan , Tomic Nada , Aldelaijan Saad , DeBlois Francois , Seuntjens Jan , Chan Maria F. , Lewis Dave 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:Despite numerous advantages of radiochromic film dosimeter (high spatial resolution, near tissue equivalence, low energy dependence) to measure a relative dose distribution with film, one needs to first measure an absolute dose (following previously established reference dosimetry protocol) and then convert measured absolute dose values into relative doses. In this work, we present result of our efforts to obtain a functional form that would linearize the inherently nonlinear dose–response curve of the radiochromic film dosimetry system.Methods:Functional form [ζ = (−1)·netOD(2/3)/ln(netOD)] was derived from calibration curves of various previously established radiochromic film dosimetry systems. In order to test the invariance of the proposed functional form with respect to the film model used we tested it with three different GAFCHROMIC™ film models (EBT, EBT2, and EBT3) irradiated to various doses and scanned on a same scanner. For one of the film models (EBT2), we tested the invariance of the functional form to the scanner model used by scanning irradiated film pieces with three different flatbed scanner models (Epson V700, 1680, and 10000XL). To test our hypothesis that the proposed functional argument linearizes the response of the radiochromic film dosimetry system, verification tests have been performed in clinical applications: percent depth dose measurements, IMRT quality assurance (QA), and brachytherapy QA.Results:Obtained R2 values indicate that the choice of the functional form of the new argument appropriately linearizes the dose response of the radiochromic film dosimetry system we used. The linear behavior was insensitive to both film model and flatbed scanner model used. Measured PDD values using the green channel response of the GAFCHROMIC™ EBT3 film model are well within ±2% window of the local relative dose value when compared to the tabulated Cobalt‐60 data. It was also found that criteria of 3%/3 mm for an IMRT QA plan and 3%/2 mm for a brachytherapy QA plan are passing 95% gamma function points.Conclusions:In this paper, we demonstrate the use of functional argument to linearize the inherently nonlinear response of a radiochromic film based reference dosimetry system. In this way, relative dosimetry can be conveniently performed using radiochromic film dosimetry system without the need of establishing calibration curve.
Integrated multicriterial optimization of beam angles and intensity profiles for coplanar and noncoplanar head and neck IMRT and implications for VMAT
Authors: Voet Peter W. J. , Breedveld Sebastiaan , Dirkx Maarten L. P. , Levendag Peter C. , Heijmen Ben J. M. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:To quantify improved salivary gland sparing for head and neck cancer patients using intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans based on integrated computerized optimization of beam orientations and intensity profiles. To assess if optimized nonzero couch angles also improve VMAT plans.Methods:Our in‐house developed algorithm iCycle was used for automated generation of multicriterial optimized plans with optimized beam orientations and intensity profiles, and plans with optimized profiles for preselected beam arrangements. For 20 patients, five IMRT plans, based on one “wish‐list,” were compared: (i) and (ii) seven‐ and nine‐beam equiangular coplanar plans (iCycle7equi, iCycle9equi), (iii) and (iv) nine‐beam plans with optimized coplanar and noncoplanar beam orientations (iCyclecopl, iCyclenoncopl), and (v) a nine‐beam coplanar plan with optimized gantry angles and one optimized couch rotation (iCyclecouch). VMAT plans without and with this optimized couch rotation were evaluated.Results:iCyclenoncopl resulted in the best salivary gland sparing, while iCyclecouch yielded similar results for 18 patients. For iCycle7equi, submandibular gland NTCP values were on average 5% higher. iCycle9equi performed better than iCycle7equi. iCyclecopl showed further improvement. Application of the optimized couch angle from iCyclecouch also improved NTCP values in VMAT plans.Conclusions:iCycle allows objective comparison of competing planning strategies. Integrated optimization of beam profiles and angles can significantly improve normal tissue sparing, yielding optimal results for iCyclenoncopl.
Consistency of breast density measured from the same women in four different MR scanners
Authors: Chen Jeon‐Hor , Chan Siwa , Liu Yi‐Jui , Yeh Dah‐Cherng , Chang Chih‐Kai , Chen Li‐Kuang , Pan Wei‐Fan , Kuo Chih‐Chen , Lin Muqing , Chang Daniel H. E. , Fwu Peter T. , Su Min‐Ying 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:To compare the breast volume (BV), fibroglandular tissue volume (FV), and percent density (PD) measured from breast MRI of the same women using four different MR scanners.Methods:The study was performed in 34 healthy Asian volunteers using two 1.5T (GE and Siemens) and two 3T (GE and Philips) MR scanners. The BV, FV, and PD were measured on nonfat‐suppressed T1‐weighted images using a comprehensive computer algorithm‐based segmentation method. The scanner‐to‐scanner measurement difference, and the coefficient of variation (CV) among the four scanners were calculated. The measurement variation between two density morphological patterns presenting as the central type and the intermingled type was separately analyzed and compared.Results:All four scanners provided satisfactory image quality allowing for successful completion of the segmentation processes. The measured parameters between each pair of MR scanners were highly correlated, with R2 ≥ 0.95 for BV, R2 ≥ 0.99 for FV, and R2 ≥ 0.97 for PD in all comparisons. The mean percent differences between each pair of scanners were 5.9%–7.8% for BV, 5.3%–6.5% for FV, 4.3%–7.3% for PD; with the overall CV of 5.8% for BV, 4.8% for FV, and 4.9% for PD. The variation of FV was smaller in the central type than in the intermingled type (p = 0.04).Conclusions:The results showed that the variation of FV and PD measured from four different MR scanners is around 5%, suggesting the parameters measured using different scanners can be used for a combined analysis in a multicenter study.
Upregulation of CaMKIIδ during ischaemia–reperfusion is associated with reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and mechanical dysfunction of the rat heart: involvement of sarcolemmal Ca2+-cycling proteins
Authors: Adameova Adriana , Carnicka Slavka , Rajtik Tomas , Szobi Adrian , Nemcekova Martina , Svec Pavel , Ravingerova Tana 
Published: July 2012

Although Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) has been implicated in development of different phenotypes of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury, its involvement in arrhythmogenesis and cardiac stunning is not sufficiently elucidated. Moreover, the mechanisms by which CaMKIIδ mediates disturbances in excitation–contraction coupling, are not exactly known. To investigate this, KN-93 (0.5 µmol/L), a CaMKII inhibitor, was administered before induction of global ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Expression of CaMKIIδ and the sarcollemal Ca2+-cycling proteins, known to be activated during reperfusion, was analyzed using immunoblotting. KN-93 reduced reperfusion-induced ectopic activity and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Likewise, the severity of arrhythmias was lower in KN-treated hearts. During the pre-ischaemia phase, neither inotropic nor chronotropic effects were elicited by KN-93, whereas post-ischaemic contractile recovery was significantly improved. Ischaemia–reperfusion increased the expression of CaMKIIδ and sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX1) proteins without any influence on the protein content of alpha 1c, a pore-forming subunit of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs). On the other hand, inhibition of CaMKII normalized changes in the expression of CaMKIIδ and NCX1. Taken together, CaMKIIδ seems to regulate its own turnover and to be an important component of cascade integrating NCX1, rather than LTCCs that promote ischaemia–reperfusion-induced contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias.
PPAR-alpha activation as a preconditioning-like intervention in rats in vivo confers myocardial protection against acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury: involvement of PI3K–Akt
Authors: Ravingerová Táňa , Čarnická Slávka , Nemčeková Martina , Ledvényiová Veronika , Adameová Adriana , Kelly Tara , Barlaka Eleftheria , Galatou Eleftheria , Khandelwal Vinoth Kumar Megraj , Lazou Antigone 
Published: July 2012

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, energy production, and inflammation. Their role in ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) is less clear, although research indicates involvement of PPARs in some forms of preconditioning. This study aimed to explore the effects of PPAR-α activation on the I/R injury and potential cardioprotective downstream mechanisms involved. Langendorff-perfused hearts of rats pretreated with the selective PPAR-α agonist WY-14643 (WY, pirinixic acid; 3 mg·(kg body mass)·day–1; 5 days) were subjected to 30 min ischaemia – 2 h reperfusion with or without the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt inhibitor wortmannin for the evaluation of functional (left ventricular developed pressure, LVDP) recovery, infarct size (IS), and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. A 2-fold increase in baseline PPAR-α mRNA levels (qPCR) in the WY-treated group and higher post-I/R PPAR-α levels compared with those in untreated controls were accompanied by similar changes in the expression of PPAR-α target genes PDK4 and mCPT-1, regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and by enhanced Akt phosphorylation. Post-ischaemic LVDP restoration in WY-treated hearts reached 60% ± 9% of the pre-ischaemic values compared with 24% ± 3% in the control hearts (P < 0.05), coupled with reduced IS and incidence of ventricular fibrillation that was blunted by wortmannin. Results indicate that PPAR-α up-regulation may confer preconditioning-like protection via metabolic effects. Downstream mechanisms of PPAR-α-mediated cardioprotection may involve PI3K–Akt activation.
THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INTERNAL FIXATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES
Authors: MA XIN-LONG , MA JIAN-XIONG , MA TAO , XING DAN , WANG JIE , YANG YANG , ZHU SHAO-WEN , MA BAO-YI , CHEN YANG , XU WEIGUO , WANG ZHI-BIN 
Published: July 2012

The objective of this study was to contrast the biomechanical effects of standard internal fixations for femoral neck fracture treatment and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the ideal internal fixation in the clinic.Twelve artificial PMMA femoral models were selected, and the central necks of the specimens were sawn with a electric saw at Pauwels angle of 70° to form an adduction-type femoral neck fracture model. After anatomic reduction, we fixed the specimens respectively with the DHS, three hollow screws, PFN, and dynamic sleeve three-wing screw according to the operative approach. Instron-8874 servo-hydraulic mechanical testing machine was used to fix the specimens which simulated uniped standing. We selected 15 key points on the proximal femur as test points and gave the model gradation loading at the rate of 10 mm/min with linear load 0 ~ 1200 N. The strain of each point under 1200 N load, head sink displacement under different loads, and the strain of eight points on principal pressure side were measured.A peak was observed at the eight resistance strain gages at 1200 N load, with the strain values of the DHS, three hollow screws, PFN, and dynamic sleeve three-wing screw were (-700 ± 35), (-756 ± 14), (-1362 ± 136), and (3024 ± 127) με, showing statistical significance (P < 0.01). Under the same load, the head sink displacement in the group with the dynamic sleeve three-wing screw was greater than the hollow screws and PFN groups (P < 0.01), but smaller than the DHS group (P < 0.01). The strain values at the eight resistance strain gages in the group with the dynamic sleeve three-wing screw was larger than the other three groups under the same load, showing statistical significance (P < 0.01), and the strain values demonstrated an increasing trend with the increase of load at the same fixation group.The dynamic sleeve three-wing screw has good biomechanical stability for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, which can be applied in clinical practice.
Abstract 1740: Analogs of OSI-930 as potent ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance reversal agents
Authors: Patel Jay P. , Kuang Ye-Hong , Sodani Kamlesh , Wu Chun-Pu , Liao Li-Qiu , Tiwari Amit K. , Dai Chun-ling , Chen Xiang , Fu Li-Wu , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Korlipara Vijaya L. , Chen Zhe-Sheng 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
OSI-930 {N-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl) 3-((quinolin-4-ylmethyl) amino) thiophene-2-carboxamide}, a dual c-Kit and KDR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to be undergoing Phase I dose escalation study in cancer patients. A series of sixteen pyridyl and phenyl analogs (JP compounds) of OSI-930 was designed and synthesized. Extensive screening of these compounds led to the discovery that nitropyridyl and nitrophenyl analogs of OSI-930, JP1 and JP3, were effective in reversing ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2/BCRP/MXR) transporter-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, JP1 and JP3 significantly sensitized ABCG2-expressing cells to established substrates of ABCG2 including mitoxantrone, SN-38 and doxorubicin in a concentration-dependent manner, but not to the non-ABCG2 substrate cisplatin. Furthermore, JP1 and JP3 were unable to reverse ABCB1- or ABCC1-mediated MDR indicating their selectivity for ABCG2. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate ABCG2 expression and it was found that neither JP1 nor JP3 significantly altered ABCG2 protein expression during the course of our experiment. Accumulation study with an ABCG2 substrate [3H]-mitoxantrone demonstrated that JP1 and JP3 increased the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-mitoxantrone. JP1 and JP3 also significantly inhibited the transport of [3H]-methotrexate by ABCG2 in the in vitro transport assays using membrane vesicles. Importantly, both JP1 and JP3 efficaciously stimulated the activity of ATPase of ABCG2 and inhibited the photoaffinity labeling of this transporter with its substrate [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin. Results from the present study suggest that analogs of OSI-930, JP1 and JP3, specifically inhibit the function of ABCG2 through direct interaction with its substrate binding site(s). Thus the OSI-930 analogs represent a new class of potential reversal compounds for the treatment of MDR in ABCG2 over-expressing tumors.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1740. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1740
Abstract 1745: Pomegranate sensitizes tamoxifen action in breast cancer cells: A novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: Banerjee Shreya , Haque Inamul , Kambhampati Suman , Banerjee Sushanta K. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
It is estimated that in year 2009 over 1 million women worldwide will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Roughly, 70% of breast cancer will be estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) positive, which facilitates their growth in the presence of estrogen. The presence of ER-α is able to determine if tumors will respond to the estrogen-blocking/ER-antagonist drug Tamoxifen (TAM). However, a significant fraction (∼40%) of ER-positive tumors is minimally or completely unable to respond to TAM. However, it is unclear why some breast cancer cells resist TAM and how to make these cells respond. Early evidence suggests Pomegranate fruit extracts (PFEs) exhibit an anticancer effect against some cancers. The hypothesis of the study was that PFEs may able to enhance TAM's effect in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To test the hypothesis, we determined the effect of PFEs on sensitive and TAM-resistant-MCF-7 cell viability and cell death (apoptosis) in the presence or absence of TAM under estrogenic or non-estrogenic culture environment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting using Trypan-blue assay and cell cycle distribution. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V-apoptotic-detection assay and immuno-Western blotting of apoptosis-related-genes (i.e., BCl-2 and Bax). The present studies demonstrated that PFEs enhance the TAM action in both sensitive and TAM-resistant MCF-7 cells through the inhibition of cell viability (regular or estrogen-induced) by inducing cell-death machinery. Collectively, the results showed for the first time that pomegranate combined with TAM may represent a novel and powerful approach to enhance TAM action.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1745. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1745
Abstract 1746: Modulation of ABCG2 mediated multidrug resistance by xanthine derivatives
Authors: Ding Rui , Shi Jia , Scotto Kathleen W. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter that confers multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells by extruding a broad variety of chemotherapeutic agents, ultimately leading to failure of cancer therapy. Accordingly, the downregulation of ABCG2 expression and/or function has been proposed as part of a regimen to improve cancer therapeutic efficacy. Adenosine receptors (ARs), belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, and play important roles in stimulating neuronal cells, regulating cell proliferation and controlling immune responses. Adenosine receptor antagonists, a large collection of small molecules mainly composed of methylxanthines and other xanthine derivatives, have been used or implicated in many therapeutic applications, such as treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and neural degenerative diseases. Previously, we have shown that the non-selective AR antagonist 1,3,7-methyxanthine (caffeine) can dramatically downregulate ABCG2 expression levels in cancer cell lines, increasing the intracellular retention of the ABCG2 specific substrate Mitoxantrone (MX) and markedly sensitizing cells to this chemotherapeutic agent. In order to find more potent and specific modulators of ABCG2 expression, we recently tested other ARs antagonists. Among the compounds we have examined, the non-selective antagonists theophylline, theobromine, paraxanthine, and the A2R selective antagonists 8-(3-chlorostyryl), caffeine (CSC) and 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), were capable of downregulating ABCG2 protein levels to varying degrees. An A1R selective antagonist, 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), currently in clinical trials, also decreased the expression of ABCG2 significantly at physiologically- relevant concentrations. In addition, the natural ligand of the ARs, adenosine, completely blocked the downregulation of ABCG2 by caffeine, suggesting that adenosine receptors and their downstream signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of ABCG2 gene expression. These findings suggest that xanthine adenosine receptor antagonists could be developed as combination therapy to improve the efficacy of drugs that are ABCG2 substrates.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1746. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1746