bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasite load, rather than parasite presence, decreases upstream movement in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Blondel L. , Klemet‐N'Guessan S. , Hendry A. P. , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral factors influence whether an organism remains in its local habitat. Parasites can, for example, influence host movement by impacting their behavior, physiology, and morphology. In rivers, fish that swim efficiently against the current are able to maintain their position without being displaced downstream, a behavior referred to as positive rheotaxis. We hypothesized that both the presence and number of ectoparasites on a host would affect the ability of fish to avoid downstream displacement and thus prevent them from remaining in their habitat. We used the guppy‐Gyrodactylus host‐ectoparasite model to test whether parasite presence and parasite load had an effect on fish rheotaxis. We quantified rheotaxis of sham‐infected and parasite‐infected fish in a circular flow tank in the laboratory prior to infection and 5–6 days postinfection. Both parasite‐infected and sham‐infected individuals expressed similar levels of positive rheotaxis prior to infection and after infection. However, with increasing parasite numbers, guppies covered less distance in the upstream direction and spent more time in slower flow zones. These results suggest that higher numbers of Gyrodactylus ectoparasites negatively influence rheotactic movements. Further research is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of this ectoparasite on fish movement.
Gender differences in diet quality and the association between diet quality and BMI: an analysis in young Australian adults who completed the Healthy Eating Quiz
Authors: Fenton Sasha , Ashton Lee M. , Lee Daniel C. W. , Collins Clare E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany young adults report poor diet quality. However, research evaluating whether young adult males and females differ in diet quality is limited. Additionally, although diet quality has a known inverse association with body mass index (BMI), it is unclear whether this association is observed in young adults and whether it varies by gender. The present study aimed to evaluate gender differences in diet quality in young adults, as well as the associations between diet quality and BMI.MethodsData collected via the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) in respondents aged 18–35 years between July 2019 and December 2021 were analysed, including demographics, and diet quality calculated using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Differences in characteristics were analysed using a two‐sample t‐test, chi‐squared and one‐way analysis of covariance. Linear regressions were performed to estimate associations between diet quality and BMI. An interaction term was included in the model to test differences between genders.ResultsThe respondents (n = 28,969) were predominantly female (70.8%) with a mean ± SD age of 25.9 ± 5.0 years and BMI of 24.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2. The mean ± SD ARFS was significantly different between females and males (33.1 ± 8.6 vs. 31.4 ± 9.3 points out of 70; p < 0.001). Diet quality had a small, significant inverse association with BMI in both genders. The interaction effect between diet quality score and gender in predicting BMI was significant (p < 0.001), suggesting the impact of diet quality on BMI varies by gender, with lower diet quality more strongly associated with higher BMI in females compared to males.ConclusionInterventions that target young adults are needed to improve diet quality and its potential contribution to BMI status. As a result of the small observed effect sizes, caution should be applied in interpreting these findings.
The whitening efficacy of a compound formula examined using an ultraviolet‐induced skin melanization model
Authors: Shu Xiaohong , Dong Xin , Ma Yuhong , Huo Wei , Li Zhaoxia , Zou Lin , Tang Ying , Li Li , Wang Xi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Eastern culture, a fair complexion is the standard of beauty, leading to appearance‐related distress among women with darker skin or facial pigmentation. Women seek whitening cosmetics to enhance their skin tone or correct their pigmentation, but their safety and effectiveness are paramount factors to consider. In this study, we evaluated the safety and whitening effects of a compound formula denoted as TEST comprising astaxanthin, nicotinamide, arbutin, and tranexamic acid.MethodsPrimary skin irritation and skin‐whitening efficacy were examined. Three qualified melanization areas were treated with TEST, 7% ascorbic acid, or a blank. Skin color, the individual type angle (ITA°), and the melanin index (MI) were compared among treatment areas.ResultsTEST did not induce a skin response and exhibited a significantly higher ITA° than the blank, while no significant difference was observed with that of 7% ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the MI of TEST was significantly reduced posttreatment.ConclusionsTEST could be integrated into spot‐fading and skin‐whitening cosmeceuticals or functional cosmetics.
Release of fibrous web bands between the preaponeurotic fat pad and Levator aponeurosis in subclinical blepharoptosis correction during double‐eyelid blepharoplasty
Authors: Yu Lu , Li Jie , Yang XiaoNing , Li Xin , Wang TaiLing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐eyelid blepharoplasty is a popular cosmetic procedure in Asia; however, there are some drawbacks to this procedure for mild blepharoptosis. Enhancing movement of the levator aponeurosis can correct blepharoptosis through the release of fibrous web bands present between the preaponeurotic fat pad and levator aponeurosis.AimTo improve our understanding of the anatomical link between the levator aponeurosis and orbital septum fat and to introduce that the release of the link can provide favorable results in double‐eyelid blepharoplasty.Patients/MethodsWe included patients with latent ptosis or subclinical blepharoptosis who underwent double‐eyelid blepharoplasty with the release of fibrous web bands between June 2021 and March 2023. Mild ptosis was corrected following complete release of the fibrous bands beneath the preaponeurotic fat pad. Patients were followed up for 4–12 months postoperatively, and surgical outcomes were evaluated. Patient demographic variables and photographs were collected pre‐ and postoperatively. Patients, surgeons, and laypersons were asked to evaluate the outcomes postoperatively. The Friedman's nonparametric (for repeated measures) two‐way analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses.ResultsOutcomes were assessed in 45 individuals with an average monitoring period of 6.9 months. There were no cases of incomplete eyelid closure or upper eyelid ectropion. Over 50% of the surgical outcomes were deemed “satisfactory” by each of the three groups in relation to the widening of the eyelid fissure. Most of the examined patients demonstrated favorable long‐term results.ConclusionsFibrous web bands are implicated in subclinical or mild blepharoptosis. The release of fibrous web bands between the preaponeurotic fat pad and levator aponeurosis can provide favorable results in double‐eyelid blepharoplasty.
Spending Less after (Seemingly) Bad News
Authors: GARMAISE MARK J. , LEVI YARON , LUSTIG HANNO 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTUsing high‐frequency spending data, we show that household consumption displays excess sensitivity to salient macroeconomic news, even when the news is not real. When the announced local unemployment rate reaches a 12‐month maximum, local news coverage of unemployment increases and local consumers reduce their discretionary spending by 1.5% relative to consumers in areas with the same macroeconomic conditions. Low‐income households display greater excess sensitivity to salience. The decrease in spending is not later reversed. Households in treated areas act as if they are more financially constrained than those in untreated areas with the same fundamentals.
Extraovarian seromucinous borderline tumor: Case report and literature review
Authors: Sakata Mina , Mabuchi Seiji , Maeda Michihide , Nagata Shigenori , Tanaka Junichiro , Kamiura Shoji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeromucinous borderline tumors (SMBT) are papillary neoplasms without invasive capabilities. Originally categorized as ovarian tumors, SMBT, being an endometriosis‐related tumor, can manifest beyond the ovaries. To date, only four cases of extraovarian SMBT have been documented in literature. In this report, we present our experience with the first case of SMBT in the uterine cervix, which exhibited highly elevated CA19‐9 levels. The patient, initially clinically diagnosed with cervical cancer, underwent treatment with radical hysterectomy and was later pathologically diagnosed with SMBT of the uterine cervix. While extraovarian SMBT, especially in the uterine cervix, is extremely rare, this condition should be considered in patients with cervical masses lacking pathological evidence of malignant disease but displaying elevated CA19‐9 levels.
Molecular pathogenesis of ameloblastoma
Authors: Marín‐Márquez Constanza , Kirby Janine , Hunter Keith D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmeloblastoma (AM) is a benign, although aggressive, epithelial odontogenic tumour originating from tooth‐forming tissues or remnants. Its aetiopathogenesis remains unclear; however, molecular analysis techniques have allowed researchers to progress in understanding its genetic basis. The high frequency of BRAF p.V600E as a main driver mutation in AM is well established; nevertheless, it is insufficient to explain its tumourigenesis. In this review, we aimed to integrate the current knowledge about the biology of AM and to describe the main genetic alterations reported, focusing on the findings of large‐scale sequencing and gene expression profiling techniques. Current evidence shows that besides BRAF mutation and activation of the MAPK pathway, alterations in Hedgehog and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related genes are also involved in AM pathogenesis. Recently, a tumour suppressor gene, KMT2D, has been reported as mutated by different research groups. The biological impact of these mutations in the pathogenesis of AM has yet to be elucidated. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of these findings in the identification of novel biomarkers that could be useful for diagnosing, classifying, and molecular targeting this neoplasm.
Factors affecting the germination of teliospores of Sporisorium scitamineum and the development of sugarcane smut in the field
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Bhuiyan Shamsul A. , Aitken Karen , Galea Victor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTemperature and water potential are critical factors influencing the germination of Sporisorium scitamineum teliospores and subsequent crop infection. This paper reports on the effect of temperature, water potential and incubation time on S. scitamineum teliospore germination. A field trial was conducted to determine the influence of temperature and length of exposure to teliospores on smut incidence. A 200 μL aliquot of teliospore (1.5 × 106 teliospores/mL) was cultured on water agar (WA) amended by potassium chloride (KCl) or sucrose. The plates were incubated across a range of temperatures and incubation times. For the field trial, sugarcane setts were inoculated and incubated at different temperatures and for varying incubation periods. The results demonstrated that germination decreased with declining water potential with either KCl or sucrose. The greatest germination (95.8%) occurred on unamended WA incubated at 30°C for 6 h. Even at the lowest water potential of −45 bars and 30°C, 50% teliospores were still able to germinate. These results indicate that 30°C is the optimum temperature for teliospore germination and that S. scitamineum may still germinate in fairly dry conditions. However, high temperatures (40°C), greatly reduce S. scitamineum germination. These results are consistent with field trial outcomes, which showed that the highest disease incidence (40.4%) occurred when temperature of inoculation was maintained at 30°C. On the other hand, the incidence was significantly reduced to 5.7% at 35°C. The results suggested consistent conditions for teliospore germination and sugarcane bud infection, with a temperature of 30°C being optimal for both.
Clinicopathological and pedigree investigation of a novel spinocerebellar neurological disease in juvenile Quarter Horses in North America
Authors: Willis Andrew T. , Dahlgren Anna R. , Woolard Kevin D. , Ghosh Sharmila , Donnelly Callum G. , de la Concha‐Bermejillo Andres , Pacheco Ana , Watson Katherine D. , Berryhill Emily , Aleman Monica , Wensley Fiona , Humphreys Sarah , Whitehead Ashley E. , Goldsmith Dayna , Chesen Berkley , Ragsdale John , Tompkins James E. , Nash Ron , Plunkett Amanda H. , Qualls Heath J. , Rodriguez Katarina , Hochanadel Damaris , Miller Andrew D. , Finno Carrie J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, a novel neurologic disease was observed in juvenile Quarter Horses (QHs) in North America. It was unknown if this was an aberrant manifestation of another previously described neurological disorder in foals, such as equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the clinical findings, outcomes, and postmortem changes with Equine Juvenile Spinocerebellar Ataxia (EJSCA), differentiate the disease from other similar neurological disorders, and determine a mode of inheritance.AnimalsTwelve neurologically affected QH foals and the dams.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated and pedigrees were manually constructed.ResultsAll foals (n = 12/12) had a history of acute onset of neurological deficits with no history of trauma. Neurological deficits were characterized by asymmetrical spinal ataxia, with pelvic limbs more severely affected than thoracic limbs. Clinicopathological abnormalities included high serum activity of gamma‐glutamyl transferase and hyperglycemia. All foals became recumbent (median, 3 days: [0–18 days]), which necessitated humane euthanasia (n = 11/12, 92%; the remaining case was found dead). Histological evaluation at postmortem revealed dilated myelin sheaths and digestion chambers within the spinal cord, most prominently in the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts. Pedigree analysis revealed a likely autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEJSCA is a uniformly fatal, rapidly progressive, likely autosomal recessive neurological disease of QHs <1 month of age in North America that is etiologically distinct from other clinically similar neurological disorders. Once the causative variant for EJSCA is validated, carriers can be identified through genetic testing to inform breeding decisions.
Influence of body weight, age, and sex on cerebrospinal fluid peak flow velocity in dogs without neurological disorders
Authors: Rich Johannes , Hubler Sarah , Vidondo Beatriz , Raillard Mathieu , Schweizer Daniela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in the brain can affect the flow velocity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In humans, the flow velocity of CSF is not only altered by disease but also by age and sex. Such influences are not known in dogs.HypothesisPeak flow velocity of CSF in dogs is associated with body weight, age, and sex.AnimalsPeak flow velocity of CSF was measured in 32 client‐owned dogs of different breeds, age, and sex.MethodsPeak flow velocity of CSF was determined by phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) at the mesencephalic aqueduct, foramen magnum (FM), and second cervical vertebral body (C2). Dogs were grouped according to body weight, age, and sex. Flow velocity of CSF was compared between groups using linear regression models.ResultsDogs with body weight >20 kg had higher CSF peak velocity compared with dogs <10 kg within the ventral and dorsal subarachnoid space (SAS) at the FM (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively), as well as in the ventral and dorsal SAS at C2 (P = .005 and P = .005, respectively). Dogs ≤2 years of age had significantly higher CSF peak flow velocity at the ventral SAS of the FM (P = .05). Females had significantly lower CSF peak flow velocity within the ventral SAS of FM (P = .04).ConclusionBody weight, age, and sex influence CSF peak flow velocity in dogs. These factors need to be considered in dogs when CSF flow is quantitatively assessed.
The influence of variations in ocular biometric and optical parameters on differences in refractive error
Authors: Farzanfar Arezoo , Lockett‐Ruiz Veronica , Navarro Rafael , Koppen Carina , Rozema Jos J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo present a paraxial method to estimate the influence of variations in ocular biometry on changes in refractive error (S) at a population level and apply this method to literature data.MethodsError propagation was applied to two methods of eye modelling, referred to as the simple method and the matrix method. The simple method defines S as the difference between the axial power and the whole‐eye power, while the matrix method uses more accurate ray transfer matrices. These methods were applied to literature data, containing the mean ocular biometry data from the SyntEyes model, as well as populations of premature infants with or without retinopathy, full‐term infants, school children and healthy and diabetic adults.ResultsApplying these equations to 1000 SyntEyes showed that changes in axial length provided the most important contribution to the variations in refractive error (57%–64%), followed by lens power/gradient index power (16%–31%) and the anterior corneal radius of curvature (10%–13%). All other components of the eye contributed <4%. For young children, the largest contributions were made by variations in axial length, lens and corneal power for the simple method (67%, 23% and 8%, respectively) and by variations in axial length, gradient lens power and anterior corneal curvature for the matrix method (55%, 21% and 14%, respectively). During myopisation, the influence of variations in axial length increased from 54.5% to 73.4%, while changes in corneal power decreased from 9.82% to 6.32%. Similarly, for the other data sets, the largest contribution was related to axial length.ConclusionsThis analysis confirms that the changes in ocular refraction were mostly associated with variations in axial length, lens and corneal power. The relative contributions of the latter two varied, depending on the particular population.
Medicago truncatula β‐glucosidase 17 contributes to drought and salt tolerance through antioxidant flavonoid accumulation
Authors: Du Wenxuan , Yang Junfeng , Li Qian , Jiang Wenbo , Pang Yongzhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlavonoids are usually present in forms of glucosides in plants, which could be catabolized by β‐glucosidase (BGLU) to form their corresponding flavonoid aglycones. In this study, we isolated three abiotic‐responsive BGLU genes (MtBGLU17, MtBGLU21 and MtBGLU22) from Medicago truncatula, and found only the recombinant MtBGLU17 protein could catalyse the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides. The recombinant MtBGLU17 protein is active towards a variety of flavonoid glucosides, including glucosides of flavones (apigenin and luteolin), flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin), isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and flavanone (naringenin). In particular, the recombinant MtBGLU17 protein preferentially hydrolyses flavonoid‐7‐O‐glucosides over their corresponding 3‐O‐glucosides. The content of luteoin‐7‐O‐glucoside was reduced in the MtBGLU17 overexpression plants but increased in the Tnt‐1 insertional mutant lines, whereas luteoin content was increased in the MtBGLU17 overexpression plants but reduced in the Tnt‐1 insertional mutant lines. Under drought and salt (NaCl) treatment, the MtBGLU17 overexpression lines showed relatively higher DPPH content, and higher CAT and SOD activity than the wild type control. These results indicated that overexpression lines of MtBGLU17 possess higher antioxidant activity and thus confer drought and salt tolerance, implying MtBGLU17 could be potentially used as a candidate gene to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance.
Adult food and species type influence the nutritional physiology and tolerance of two flour beetles to the extract of Dennettia tripetala (G. Baker)
Authors: Oyeniyi Emmanuel Ayobami , Omotoso Olumuyiwa Temitope , Barbosa Fernando , Adeyemi Joseph Adewuyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) are common and damaging pests of stored grain flours in several homes and flour mill industries worldwide. This study examines how food, species, concentration, and exposure time affect the susceptibility and nutritional physiology of T. castaneum and T. confusum when exposed to partially purified methanolic fruit extract of Dennettia tripetala (G. Baker) and two of its major active compounds (linalool and 2‐phenylnitroethane). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the chemical profile of the partially purified plant extract. Thirty‐two compounds were found in the plant, including established insecticidal and insectifuge compounds such as linalool, cis‐vaccenic acid, 2‐phenylnitroethane, and linoleic acid, among others. The interactions among the factors have a differential impact on the susceptibility and nutritional indices of both Tribolium species to D. tripetala, linalool and 2‐phenylnitroethane. According to LC50 values, linalool and 2‐phenylnitroethane were the most and least toxic to both beetles, respectively. With increasing extract concentrations, all nutritional indices except feeding deterrence decreased. Relative to controls, linalool and 2‐phenylnitroethane evoked the highest and least reduction, respectively, in beetles' nutritional indices. Treated corn discs deterred both species over treated wheat discs, regardless of insecticide type. T. castaneum had a higher overall food consumption than T. confusum. Regardless of insecticide type, the relative growth rate was higher in T. confusum and T. castaneum fed with treated corn and wheat discs, respectively. D. tripetala extract, linalool, and 2‐phenylnitroethane showed higher post‐ingestion toxicity to T. castaneum than T. confusum. This study emphasises the importance of certain intrinsic factors, like beetles' species and cereal food types, when managing Tribolium species with plant‐based insecticides. The various data obtained from this study will help researchers and pesticide manufacturers formulate effective biopesticides from linalool and 2‐phenylnitroethane to control Tribolium species on corn and wheat flours.
Tuning properties of functionalized azobenzene photoswitches through variation of substitution and their position
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhajit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis perspective article features the recent work published in this journal on functionalized azobenzene photoswitches, studied by Venkataramani and coworkers [Grewal, S. et al (2024) Photochem. Photobiol., 1–16]. Azobenzene‐based photochromic molecules undergo reversible trans‐to‐cis isomerization under exposure to light. The reverse cis‐to‐trans isomerization also takes place under thermal conditions in the dark. The study explores how different functional groups at various positions affect the responses of these compounds to light, their thermal stabilities, the isomeric ratios in the photostationary states, and their supramolecular behavior. Results show varied thermal half‐lives, influenced by the terminal groups and their positions. Aggregation studies reveal the formation of supramolecular architectures, from microcrystals to gels with these systems. Despite complexities with the large volume of work with 30 different compounds, the research provides insights into designing efficient photochromic supramolecular motifs.