bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate by Electrocarbonylation at a Pd2+-supported Anode
Authors: Murayama Toru , Arai Yuji , Hayashi Tomohiko , Yamanaka Ichiro 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The first electrochemical synthesis of diphenyl carbonate was accomplished using triethylamine/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/phenol/dichloromethane or sodium phenoxide/phenol/acetonitrile electrolyte at a [PdCl2/activated carbon and vapor grown carbon fiber] anode, 1 atm CO and 25 °C. Sodium phenoxide functioned as a promoter, triethylamine, and a supporting electrolyte, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, for the carbonylation.
Using Protein-imprinted Polymers as Artificial Antibodies to Isolate Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (BiP) and Study Protein–Protein Interactions
Authors: Xia Jianjun , Long Yi , Guo Minjie , Liu Huijuan , Wang Ying , Mi Huaifeng 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this work, protein-imprinted polymers (PIPs) synthesized by introducing assistant recognition polymer chains (ARPCs) could be used as artificial antibodies in a similar manner to study protein–protein interactions by immunoprecipitation by using biological antibodies. Bacterially expressed BiP was used as template. The ARPCs could enhance the recognition specificity of the PIPs for template protein significantly. It was confirmed that FK506-binding protein (FKBP23) could bind to immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) in the ER regulated by concentration of Ca2+ using artificial antibodies of PIP. The concentration of Ca2+ at which the interactions between BiP and FKBP23 were disrupted was in accordance with results obtained by using biological antibodies. Therefore, this new type of PIP provides a feasible alternative to biological antibodies in biochemical research.
A Chlortoluron Sensor based on Molecularly Imprinted Sensitive Membranes
Authors: Li Jianping , Jiang Fuyang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by a reaction among template molecules of chlortoluron, functional monomers of methacrylic acid, and a crosslinker of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide. Chlortoluron could be analyzed in the range of 0 to 3.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.21 × 10−8 mol L−1. Water samples were assayed and recoveries were obtained, ranging from 99% to 102%.
Removing an Air Layer from a Superhydrophobic Surface in Flowing Water
Authors: Sakai Munetoshi , Nakajima Akira , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The removal of a surface air layer from a superhydrophobic coating in flowing water was evaluated using a laser beam and a high-speed camera. It proceeded via three steps: (1) removal of the top unstable air layer, (2) retention of air in the bottom of the surface microstructure, and (3) replacement of air in the microstructure with water. Different flow velocities result in different removal rates of the surface air layer.
Simulating Residual Stresses in Ribbons of Amorphous Metallic Alloys
Authors: Pozdnyakov V. A. , Borisov O. V. , Filippova V. P. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A new method of simulation of residual stresses in ribbons of amorphous metallic alloys is proposed. The model considers the total deformation remaining in an amorphous metallic alloy during the quenching from liquid state to be the sum of elastic (residual ductile-elastic) and thermal deformations. The latter is related to the temperature through the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the material. It is assumed that incompatibility of the residual deformations is the cause of residual macro-stresses. The thickness of the ribbon is considered to be much less than the other dimensions. Residual stresses on the free surface (not in contact with the drum) are assumed to be equal to zero. The results are discussed for an amorphous alloy: Fe50Ni30B20. Concerns related to the development of technology for amorphous metallic alloys production include: when curvature radius increases, the curvature accordingly decreases; the value of the stress relaxation factor decreases upon contact of the ribbon with the surface of the drum; increase of the drum temperature and length of the field of its contact with the solidified ribbon, leading to a decrease of ribbon curvature.
pH Measurement in Bioethanol by Using Different Electrodes and according to International Standards
Authors: Borges P. P. , Fraga I. C. S. , Marques B. S. R. , Dias J. C. , Cunha V. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The importance of Brazilian bioethanol as biofuel has been increasing significantly. Its origin from renewable sugar cane is able to reduce carbon in the atmosphere and is one of the factors that contribute for reducing global warming. Because of the difficulty in measuring pH in nonaqueous solutions, Inmetro, the Brazilian Metrology Institute, has focused its attention on the needs for accurate and reliable pH measurements, as part of its work in developing and producing certified reference material (CRM) of bioethanol. This paper aims to present the studies of pH measurement in CRM of bioethanol from sugar cane (approximately 99.6 % ethanol content) using two commercial pH electrodes with different internal filling electrolytic solutions. One electrode, containing potassium chloride (KCl), was specified in the American standard, ASTM D6423, and the other one, containing lithium chloride (LiCl), was specified in the Brazilian standard, ABNT NBR 10891, and European standard EN 15490. These studies have shown that there was a significant difference among the pH values (more than 1.0 pH unit) measured by the different electrodes related to its internal filling solution. The results have shown that a harmonization of the standardization on the pH measurement is needed in order to make possible its use and application as analytical parameter.
Evaluation of Slip Resistant Plates for Roadway Applications
Authors: Chehab Ghassan R. , Kale Vishal 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The presented study aims at evaluating the performance of slip resistant plates used in roadway construction to cover trenches, ditches, and potholes. Characteristics of the plate, including the surface friction, corrosion susceptibility, and resistance to abrasion are evaluated. Comparisons based on those attributes among various types of plates are conducted. The merit of the presented study mainly lies in the methodology and techniques adopted in evaluating the plates rather than ranking their performance. A customized corrosion tank built according to ASTM standards is used to apply salt fog spray on all the plates to induce corrosion. Surface friction is measured using the British Pendulum Tester for both uncorroded plates and corroded plates. To evaluate the abrasion resistance, the surfaces are subjected to wear and abrasion induced by repetitive wheel trafficking applied using the one third-scale Model Mobile Load Simulator. The drop in surface friction as a function of degree of corrosion and loading cycles is measured at regular intervals to evaluate the resistance to abrasion for each plate. Recommendations for improving the durability of the plates with welded deposits are suggested.
Experimental Determination of Galvanic Anode Current Output for Common Geometries Used in Civil Works Applications
Authors: Marsh Charles P. , Bushman James B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The current output from various common galvanic (sacrificial) anode geometries used in immersion service was experimentally determined. The results showed a specific functional dependence on exposed surface area and a scalable inverse relationship to the resistivity of the surrounding electrolyte medium. The use of this information as applied to cathodic protection design is also presented using three of the most readily available freshwater sacrificial anode metal alloys.
Technique for Continuously Monitoring Core Body Temperatures to Prevent Heat Stress Disorders in Workers Engaged in Physical Labor
Authors: Nagano Chikage , Tsutsui Takao , Monji Koichi , Sogabe Yasuhiro , Idota Nozomi , Horie Seichi 
Published: April 2010

Technique for Continuously Monitoring Core Body Temperatures to Prevent Heat Stress Disorders in Workers Engaged in Physical Labor: Chikage Nagano, et al. Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectivesMeasuring core body temperature is crucial for preventing heat stress disorders in workers. We developed a method for measuring auditory canal temperatures based on a thermocouple inserted into a sponge‐type earplug. We verified that the tip of this thermocouple is positioned safely, allowing the wearer to engage in normal physical tasks; this position averaged 6.6 mm from the tympanic membrane.MethodsTo assess this technique, we had six healthy male students repeat three cycles of exercise and rest (20 min of exercise and 15 min of rest) in a temperature‐controlled chamber with temperatures set at 25, 30, or 35°C, while monitoring the auditory canal, esophageal, rectal, and skin temperatures.ResultsWe observed differences of a mere 0.30–0.45°C between rectal temperatures and auditory canal temperatures measured with the thermocouple, the smallest such difference reported to date in studies involving auditory canal temperature measurement.ConclusionsWe conclude that monitoring temperatures based on a technique involving an auditory canal plug can be used to estimate rectal temperatures accurately, and thereby to avoid conditions leading to heat stress disorders.
Single‐Tooth Implant Placement and Loading in Fresh and Regenerated Extraction Sockets. Five‐Year Results: A Case Series Using Two Different Implant Designs
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory‐George K. , Deli Giorgio , Bartee Barry K. , Hoffmann Oliver 
Published: April 2010

Background: Implant‐supported restorations are a commonly used treatment modality. However, insufficient data are available that compare treatment outcomes of implant restorations using different protocols. Similarly, data comparing the treatment outcomes of different implant designs are limited.Methods: This retrospective, non‐randomized study evaluates 241 single implants in 241 patients (127 males and 114 females; mean age: 49.3 years; range: 45 to 75 years). Tapered‐type (TAP; n = 118) and cylindric screw‐type (CYL; n = 123) implants were used. Implants were grouped into the treatment categories of immediate placement, delayed placement, immediate non‐occlusal loading, and delayed loading. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded at examinations at baseline (BSL) and 1 (E1), 3 (E3), and 5 years (E5) after loading with the final restoration.Results: Eleven implants were lost (five CYL and six TAP). CAL and PI outcomes were similar for both implant types. No significant influence of implant position was found. A CAL loss of 1.5 mm was observed during the first 3 years. The type of implant and timing of placement showed no significant influence on the survival rate, whereas the failure rate was lower for immediate non‐occlusal loaded implants.Conclusion: The type of implant, position, and timing of placement and loading did not influence the survival rate of this treatment method.
Three‐Dimensional Architecture and Cell Composition of a Choukroun's Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Clot and Membrane
Authors: Dohan Ehrenfest David M. , Del Corso Marco , Diss Antoine , Mouhyi Jaafar , Charrier Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: April 2010

Background: Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF; Choukroun's technique) is a second‐generation platelet concentrate for surgical use. This easy protocol allows the production of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin clots and membranes starting from 10‐ml blood samples. The purposes of this study were to determine the cell composition and three‐dimensional organization of this autologous biomaterial and to evaluate the influence of different collection tubes (dry glass or glass‐coated plastic tubes) and compression procedures (forcible or soft) on the final PRF‐membrane architecture.Methods: After centrifugation, blood analyses were performed on the residual waste plasmatic layers after collecting PRF clots. The PRF clots and membranes were processed for examination by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results: Approximately 97% of the platelets and >50% of the leukocytes were concentrated in the PRF clot and showed a specific three‐dimensional distribution, depending on the centrifugation forces. Platelets and fibrin formed large clusters of coagulation in the first millimeters of the membrane beyond the red blood cell base. The fibrin network was very mature and dense. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the PRF architecture between groups using the different tested collection tubes and compression techniques, even if these two parameters could have influenced the growth factor content and biologic matrix properties.Conclusions: The PRF protocol concentrated most platelets and leukocytes from a blood harvest into a single autologous fibrin biomaterial. This protocol offers reproducible results as long as the main production principles are respected.
Clinical Periodontal and Microbiologic Parameters in Patients With Crohn's Disease With Consideration of the CARD15 Genotype
Authors: Stein Jamal M. , Lammert Frank , Zimmer Vincent , Granzow Marie , Reichert Stefan , Schulz Susanne , Ocklenburg Christina , Conrads Georg 
Published: April 2010

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) was reported to have oral manifestations. However, data on periodontal parameters and oral microbiology in CD are rare. Recent studies showed associations of variants in the caspase recruitment domain (CARD)15 gene with CD that are involved in the immune response toward bacterial products. Our aim is to investigate the periodontal status and prevalence of periodontal pathogens in patients with CD under consideration of the CARD15 polymorphism.Methods: Oral soft tissue alterations and periodontal parameters of 147 patients with CD were assessed. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa; previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf; previously T. forsythensis), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) using dot‐blot hybridization. CARD15 genotyping was performed with the a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay.Results: A total of 36.7% of patients had oral manifestations predominated by gingival swellings (27.2%) and hyperplastic lesions of the buccal mucosa (20.4%). The mean probing depth and mean clinical attachment level were 3.6 and 3.8 mm, respectively. A total of 57.8% of the patients had a Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) score 3, and 31.3% of had a CPITN score 4. The prevalence of Aa, Pg, Pi, Tf, and Cr was 76.9%, 62.6%, 79.6%, 64.6%, and 94.6%, respectively. Pi was significantly less frequent in carriers of CARD15 mutations compared to the wild type (69.7% versus 87.7%; P = 0.008). All other pathogens and clinical periodontal parameters did not differ significantly as to the CARD15 polymorphism.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with CD have an increased prevalence and moderate severity of periodontitis. The colonization of periodontal pathogens, in particular Cr, might be of particular value for the periodontal manifestation of CD. Although a modulating impact on periodontal microbiota can be supposed, our data do not support the role of CARD15 in oral symptoms and periodontal lesions in patients with CD.
Human Papillomavirus‐16 Prevalence in Gingival Tissue and Its Association With Periodontal Destruction: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Horewicz Verônica V. , Feres Magda , Rapp Gisela E. , Yasuda Vania , Cury Patricia R. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16 is detected in normal oral mucosa and several oral lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, and periodontal diseases. It was hypothesized that HPV may be involved in periodontal breakdown and that periodontal tissue acts as a reservoir for the virus. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence of HPV‐16 in the gingival tissue of Brazilians with periodontal health or disease is investigated.Methods: Fifty‐six gingival samples from subjects with chronic periodontitis, 26 samples from subjects with gingivitis, and 22 samples from subjects with healthy peridontium were analyzed. Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of HPV‐16 was assessed using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Positive and negative controls were included in the reactions.Results: HPV‐16 was not detected in any of the 104 gingival samples evaluated; therefore, this virus showed no association with periodontal disease in this study.Conclusion: In the population studied, HPV‐16 may not have participated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, and the gingival tissue did not act as a reservoir for this virus.
Experimental Periodontitis Induces Gene Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Liver and White Adipose Tissues in Obesity
Authors: Endo Yasumasa , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Irie Koichiro , Azuma Tetsuji , Tamaki Naofumi , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Morita Manabu 
Published: April 2010

Background: Recent studies indicated that periodontitis induces systemic low‐grade inflammation. The increase in systemic low‐grade inflammation induced by periodontitis may alter the effects of obesity on the production of inflammatory molecules, including C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of periodontitis on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and WAT in obese Zucker rats.Methods: Obese Zucker rats and their lean litter mates were divided into four groups of six rats each: lean Zucker rats without periodontitis (control group), lean Zucker rats with periodontitis (periodontitis group), obese Zucker rats without periodontitis (obesity group), and obese Zucker rats with periodontitis (combination group). Periodontitis was ligature induced for 4 weeks in the periodontitis and combination groups, whereas the other groups were left unligated.Results: At 4 weeks, the gene expression for CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in the liver and CRP and IL‐6 in the WAT of combination groups was significantly higher than in each of the three groups. Serum TNF‐α in the periodontitis and obesity groups was significantly higher than in the control group. Serum CRP and TNF‐α in the combination group was significantly higher than in each of the three groups.Conclusion: Systemic low‐grade inflammation after experimental periodontitis was associated with increased gene expression for hepatic levels of TNF‐α and CRP and adipose tissue levels of IL‐6 and CRP in the obese‐rat model.
Genetic Variants Associated With Neutrophil Function in Aggressive Periodontitis and Healthy Controls
Authors: Nibali L. , O'Dea M. , Bouma G. , Parkar M. , Thrasher A.J. , Burns S. , Donos N. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Genetic polymorphisms that influence neutrophil function were proposed as possible risk factors for aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The aim of this study is to test whether a clinical diagnosis and specific genetic variants are associated with neutrophil activity in subjects with AgP and healthy subjects.Methods: This study describes the results of neutrophil analyses performed in 40 subjects (20 subjects with AgP and 20 healthy control subjects). Neutrophils were extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed in a masked manner for phagocytosis and oxidative burst by flow cytometry in response to Escherichia coli, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped for the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate p22 phagocytic oxidase subunit (p22phox) cytochrome b alpha gene (CYBA) C242T, crystallizable gamma fragment (Fcγ)IIa H/R, and FcγIIIb neutrophil antigen (NA)1/NA2 polymorphisms.Results: Analyses in pairs of white subjects (n = 24) revealed that patients with AgP exhibited a higher oxidative burst in response to E. coli (P = 0.002) and P. gingivalis (P = 0.002) compared to healthy control subjects. The p22phox CYBA 242 T allele was associated with an oxidative burst in response to the challenge by two strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.018 and P = 0.046). The FcγIIa polymorphism was associated with the phagocytic index of E. coli (P = 0.024).Conclusion: This study confirms previous reports of a higher oxidative burst associated with AgP and presented preliminary evidence that genetic factors may influence neutrophil function in patients with AgP and healthy individuals.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Stimulates Glucose Production via the Hepatic Sympathetic Innervation in Rats
Authors: Yi Chun-Xia , Sun Ning , Ackermans Mariette T. , Alkemade Anneke , Foppen Ewout , Shi Jing , Serlie Mireille J. , Buijs Ruud M. , Fliers Eric , Kalsbeek Andries 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
The unraveling of the elaborate brain networks that control glucose metabolism presents one of the current challenges in diabetes research. Within the central nervous system, the hypothalamus is regarded as the key brain area to regulate energy homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothalamic mechanism involved in the hyperglycemic effects of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was determined during intracerebroventricular infusions of PACAP-38, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), or their receptor agonists. The specificity of their receptors was examined by coinfusions of receptor antagonists. The possible neuronal pathway involved was investigated by 1) local injections in hypothalamic nuclei, 2) retrograde neuronal tracing from the thoracic spinal cord to hypothalamic preautonomic neurons together with Fos immunoreactivity, and 3) specific hepatic sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation to block the autonomic neuronal input to liver.

RESULTS
Intracerebroventricular infusion of PACAP-38 increased EGP to a similar extent as a VIP/PACAP-2 (VPAC2) receptor agonist, and intracerebroventricular administration of VIP had significantly less influence on EGP. The PACAP-38 induced increase of EGP was significantly suppressed by preinfusion of a VPAC2 but not a PAC1 receptor antagonist, as well as by hepatic sympathetic but not parasympathetic denervation. In the hypothalamus, Fos immunoreactivity induced by PACAP-38 was colocalized within autonomic neurons in paraventricular nuclei projecting to preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the spinal cord. Local infusion of PACAP-38 directly into the PVN induced a significant increase of EGP.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that PACAP-38 signaling via sympathetic preautonomic neurons located in the paraventricular nucleus is an important component in the hypothalamic control of hepatic glucose production.