bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vaccinating sows and their piglets on the development of Glässer's disease induced by a virulent strain ofHaemophilus parasuisserovar 5
Authors: Baumann G. , Bilkei G. 
Published: October 2010

Ten pregnant gilts were divided into two groups of five and one group was vaccinated at 80 and 95 days of pregnancy with a commercial bacterin containingHaemophilus parasuisserovars 2, 3 and 5. Half the piglets born to each group of gilts were vaccinated at seven and 21 days of age with the same bacterin, and one week after they were weaned at five weeks, all the piglets were inoculated intratracheally with 106colony‐forming units ofH parasuisserovar 5. At slaughter, a significantly smaller percentage of the lungs of the pigs born to the vaccinated gilts was affected by pneumonic lesions, and significantly fewer of them had arthritic joint changes. The average daily liveweight gain of the pigs born to the vaccinated gilts was significantly greater than that of those born to the unvaccinated gilts, but the vaccination of the piglets had no effect. There was no significant difference between the feed conversion ratios of the four groups of piglets, and none between the average times they took to reach slaughter weight. The pigs born to the vaccinated gilts had higher ELISA titres toH parasuisthan those born to the unvaccinated gilts.
Atypical time course of clinical signs in a dog poisoned by strychnine
Authors: Meiser H. , Hagedorn H‐W. 
Published: October 2010

The general health of a German shepherd dog had deteriorated slightly when it was found after being loose for one hour. After 10 hours of observation, the dog showed signs of pain for the first time and signs of poisoning, such as tenseness of muscles, slight opisthotonus, regurgitation, salivation, mydriasis, dyspnoea and cyanosis, were observed; it died 15 minutes after showing the first clinical signs but it had no seizures or tetanic spasms at any time. A postmortem examination did not reveal any pathological changes. A screening test for alkaloids was positive for strychnine (strychnidin‐10‐one). The presence of strychnine was confirmed and its concentration was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine (728.5 ng/ml) and in the stomach contents (44.6 μg/g). No strychnine was detected in the dog's serum, but traces of brucine (2,3‐dimethoxystrychnidin‐10‐one), the dimethoxy derivative of strychnine, were detected. This case was compared with other strychnine poisonings recorded in the authors' laboratory over the previous six years, taking into account the species, type of samples, the clinical signs and their duration, the postmortem findings, and the concentrations of strychnine. This was the only case to show such an atypical time course of clinical signs.
Hereditary cerebellar degeneration in three full sibling kittens
Authors: Willoughby K. , Kelly D. E 
Published: October 2010

Two domestic shorthair littermate kittens had signs of cerebellar dysfunction, first observed between seven and eight weeks of age; a third littermate was unaffected. The signs were progressive and the more severely affected kitten was euthanased after six days. A postmortem examination revealed no gross lesions but the kitten had cerebellar cortical degeneration with extensive loss of Purkinje cells. The second kitten was euthanased at 10 months of age with similar, though more pronounced, changes. One of the two kittens in the next litter of the same parents had similar clinical signs and histopathological findings. The lesions in the cerebellum are interpreted as probably due to genetically determined abiotrophy. In addition, the two older kittens had medullary neuronal changes interpreted as probable neuraxonal dystrophy, and focal vacuolation of the neuropil in the medulla and cervical spinal cord.
Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility among isolates of Campylobacter species in Ireland and the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin
Authors: Lucey B. , Cryan B. , O'Halloran F. , Wall P. G. , Buckley T. , Fanning S. 
Published: October 2010

Measurements were made of the susceptibility to six commonly prescribed antibiotics, including erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, of 130 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and 15 isolates of Campylobacter coli cultured from human and poultry sources during 2000. The results were compared with the results from a collection of strains isolated between 1996 and 1998. The levels of resistance to erythromycin remained low, 2 per cent and 4.4 per cent for the human and poultry isolates, respectively. Resistance to tetracycline had increased to 31 per cent and 24.4 per cent from 13.9 per cent and 18.8 per cent for the human and poultry isolates, respectively. However, the resistance to ciprofloxacin of the strains isolated during 2000 had increased to 30 per cent, whereas between 1996 and 1998 there had been no resistance to this agent among human isolates, and only 3‐1 per cent resistance among poultry isolates. The molecular basis for this resistance has been shown to be the result of a single amino acid substitution, Thr‐86‐lle, in the gyrA subunit of DNA gyrase in C jejuni. A subset of 59 isolates was tested by molecular methods and all of the 25 phenotypically resistant isolates possessed this substitution. None of the human isolates had been treated with ciprofloxacin before their laboratory isolation.
Effect of a treatment with eprinomectin or trichiorfon on the yield and quality of milk produced by multiparous dairy cows
Authors: Reist M. , Medjitna T. D. E. , Braun U. , Pfister K. 
Published: October 2010

The effects of a strategic antiparasitic treatment againstHypodermaspecies and other parasites on the milk yield, composition, and somatic cell counts of 742 multiparous dairy cattle were investigated on 79 farms in aHypodermaspecies.endemic area in western Switzerland; 357 of the cows were treated with eprinomectin, 252 with trichlorfon, and 133 were left untreated. The treatments were given between October and early December 1998, on average 53 days before calving. Milk yield, fat, protein and somatic cell counts were measured once a month until the end of lactation. Eprinomectin and trichlorfon significantly increased milk yield during the first month after treatment compared with the control cows by 2.14 (P<0.001) and 2.50 kg per day (P<0.001), respectively. Initially, the difference between the eprinomectin‐ and trichlorfon‐treated animals was not significant, but the effect of eprinomectin on milk yield was persistent, whereas the effect of trichlorfon decreased significantly by 0.12 kg per day per month (P<0.05). The somatic cell counts increased significantly slower in the treated cows than in the control cows (P<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by the treatments.
Protection of vaccinated pigs against experimental infections with homologous and heterologousHoemophilus parasuis
Authors: Bak H. , Riising H‐J. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of a newHaemophilus parasuisvaccine for pigs was investigated. The vaccine containsH parasuisserotype 5 cells and is adjuvanted with Diluvac Forte (Intervet). Groups of pigs were vaccinated at fwe and seven weeks with 2 ml and their littermates served as unvaccinated controls. The vaccinated pigs were protected against a challenge with another strain ofH parasuisserotype 5 at two, eight and 17 weeks after the second vaccination, whereas the controls became very ill. The susceptibility of the pigs to the infection decreased with increasing age. After a heterologous challenge withH parasuisserotypes 1, 12, 13 and 14, two weeks after the second vaccination, the vaccine also gave clear protection. The severity of the illness among the control pigs differed with the different serotypes.
Efficacy of bronopol against infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with the fungus Saprolegnia species
Authors: Branson E. 
Published: October 2010

A trial was carried out to test the efficacy of bronopol against infection of rainbow trout broodstock with the fungus Saprolegnia species. Replicate groups of 20 fish were held in each of four raceways. Two groups were treated in baths containing 20 mg bronopol/litre for 30 minutes on 15 consecutive days, and the other groups were treated in a similar way with a placebo. In the treated groups the percentages of infected fish decreased during the trial from 70 per cent and 40 per cent to 0 per cent, whereas the percentages in the placebo groups increased from 45 to 74 per cent and from 35 to 55 per cent; the severity of the infection also increased in the placebo groups.
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium and Escherichia coli 086 in wild birds at two garden sites in south‐west Scotland
Authors: Pennycott T. W. , Cinderey R. N. , Park A. , Mather H. A. , Foster G. 
Published: October 2010

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium and Escherichia coli 086:K61 :NM are two bacteria that can cause outbreaks of mortality in garden birds visiting bird tables and other feeding stations. Two sites in south‐west Scotland were monitored for the two organisms for 12 months. At site A, large numbers of birds fed throughout the year, and at site B smaller numbers of birds fed only in the winter months. Samples of composite faeces were collected from the feeding stations and screened for the organisms, and any dead birds were also screened. S Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 56 (variant) was found to be endemic at site A, and was recovered from 48 per cent of samples of composite faeces collected from the bird table, from 42 per cent of composite faeces from underneath a hanging feeder, and from 33 per cent of composite faeces from below a roost used by house sparrows; the organism was also isolated from the carcases of six wild birds found dead at the site. In contrast, S Typhimurium (DT41) was recovered only once at site B, from 2 per cent of the composite faeces from below a hanging feeder, and no dead birds were recovered from the site. E coli 086 was not recovered from the faeces collected from either site, but was isolated from a bird that died from trauma at site A.
Controlling the onset of natural cryptosporidiosis in calves with paromomycin sulphate
Authors: Grinberg A. , Markovics A. , Galindez J. , Lopez‐Villalobos N. , Kosak A. , Tranquillo V. M. 
Published: October 2010

A prospective, controlled‐blind field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of paromomycin sulphate, given for 10 days from birth, in preventing natural cryptosporidiosis in calves. In the untreated control group, oocyst shedding and diarrhoea followed the pattern that had occurred on the farm before the trial, consistent with a perinatal infection, whereas in the treated group, the prepatent period was significantly longer than in the control group (P<0.01) and oocyst shedding and diarrhoea started only after the drug was withdrawn. However, the regimen did not reduce the incidence of disease in the treated group.
Effects of epidural injections and transvaginal aspiration of ovarian follicles in heifers used repeatedly for ultrasound‐guided retrieval of ova and embryo production
Authors: McEvoy T. G. , Thompson H. , Dolman D. F. , Watt R. G. , Reis A. , Staines M. E. 
Published: October 2010

Postmortem examinations of 13 Simmental heifers that had received between 16 and 28 injections to induce caudal epidural anaesthesia, the last not less than seven months before they were slaughtered, showed that none of them had any evidence of infection or inflammation at the injection site or in adjacent bone and soft tissues. Seven of them had minor damage to intercoccygeal discs, consisting of discospondylosis with neovascularisation and chondroid metaplasia, consistent with injuries caused by needles. The severity of the damage was not related to the number of epidural injections received, suggesting that the damage was probably caused by a discrete suboptimal injection procedure. In a second study, the ovaries from 22 Simmental heifers that had undergone between 13 and 16 transvaginal follicular aspirations were examined postmortem. Approximately one‐third of them had a natural texture with little or no evidence of scar tissue, and less than one in five had extensive scarring and a toughened texture. There was no evidence of compromised ovarian function, as determined by the number and normality of corpora lutea and large follicles, in any of the animals.
Study of crib‐biting and gastric inflammation and ulceration in young horses
Authors: Nicol C. J. , Davidson H.P. D. , Harris P. A. , Waters A. J. , Wilson A. D. 
Published: October 2010

Nineteen young horses that had recently started to perform the stereotypy of crib‐biting were compared with 16 non‐stereotypic horses for 14 weeks. After initial observations of their behaviour and an endoscopic examination of the condition of their stomachs, the horses were randomly allocated to a control or an antacid diet. At the start of the trial, the stomachs of the crib‐biting foals were significantly more ulcerated and inflamed than the stomachs of the normal foals. In addition, the faecal pH of the crib‐biting foals (6.05) was significantly lower than that of the normal foals (6.58). The antacid diet resulted in a significant improvement in the condition of the horses' stomachs. The crib‐biting behaviour declined in most of the foals, regardless of their diet, but tended to decline to a greater extent in the foals on the antacid diet.
Effectiveness of treatment with lincomycin hydrochloride and/or vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for controlling chronic respiratory disease in a herd of pigs
Authors: Mateusen B. , Maes D. , Verdonck M. , de Kruif A. , Van Goubergen M. 
Published: October 2010

A herd of pigs infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was used in a double‐blind randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of three control strategies against chronic respiratory disease in growing‐finishing pigs. One group of 61 pigs received 220 ppm lincomycin hydrochloride in the feed from day 71 to day 91, a second group was vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae at four and 28 days of age, and a third group received both treatments; a fourth group was left untreated as a control. Throughout the nursery‐finishing period (day 29 to slaughter) the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of all the treated groups were slightly better than in the controls, but there were no significant differences between them. There were no significant differences between the treated groups in terms of clinical signs, serology, pathology or mortality, which was very low throughout the trial.
Study of clinical mastitis in British dairy herds with bulk milk somatic cell counts less than 150,000 cells/ml
Authors: Peeler E. J. , Green M. J. , Fitzpatrick J. L. , Green L. E. 
Published: October 2010

A 12‐month prospective study of clinical mastitis was conducted in 482 British dairy herds with a bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) of less than 150,000 cells/ml. The mean proportion of cows in the herd with clinical mastitis was 23.1 per cent (range 0 to 80), with a mean of 1.50 quarter cases per cow. The mean incidence rate of clinical mastitis was 36.7 quarter cases per 100 cow years (range 0 to 208.2). Twelve per cent of the quarter cases showed systemic signs, including inappetence and severe lethargy. Over 22 per cent of quarter cases occurred in the first seven days of lactation and over 50 per cent occurred in the first 90 days of lactation. Cluster analysis indicated that the main difference between herds with a low and average incidence of mastitis was the proportion of clinical cases occurring in the first seven days of lactation, 14 per cent compared with 44 per cent, respectively. The risk of severe clinical mastitis compared with mild clinical mastitis decreased significantly as the individual cow somatic cell count (scc) in the month before clinical mastitis was diagnosed increased.
Long‐term outcome of 56 dogs wioth nasal tumours treated with four doses of radiation at Ointervals of seven days
Authors: Mellanby R. J. , Stevenson R. K. , Herrtage M. E. , White R. A. S. , Dobson J. M. 
Published: October 2010

A retrospective study was undertaken on 56 dogs treated for nasal tumours by megavoltage radiotherapy with a hypofractionated schedule consisting of four doses of 9 Gy given at intervals of seven days. The dogs were followed until they died or were euthanased. The clinical signs had improved in 53 of the 56 dogs by the end of the treatment schedule. Mild acute radiation side effects were observed in the majority of the dogs but late radiation side effects were rare. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed a median survival time after the final dose of radiation of 212 days. The oneand two‐year survival rates were 45 per cent and 15 per cent. Fifty of the dogs were euthanased because the initial clinical signs recurred.
Evaluation of the SNAP Foal IgG test for the semiquantitative measurement of immunoglobulin G in foals
Authors: Pusterla N. , Berger Pusterla J. , Spier S. J. , Watson J. L. , Puget B. 
Published: October 2010

The SNAP Foal IgG test (IDEXX) as evaluated for its accuracy and usefulness by measuring blood samples collected from 42 foals between 24 and 48 hours after birth. The results were compared with the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test as the reference method. The SNAP test was quick and easy to perform, and the results were similar to those obtained by SRID in 64 per cent of the samples. The best results were found with low (&#60;400 mg/dl) and high (>800 mg/dl) concentrations of immunoglobulin G, with an accuracy of 80 per cent and 89 per cent, respectively. The intermediate concentrations were usually lower when measured by the SNAP test than by the SRID test, possibly owing to the variable volume of blood added to the test with the sample loop.
Comparison of ropivacaine with a combination of ropivacaine and fentanyl for the caudal epidural anaesthesia of mares
Authors: Ganidagli S. , Cetin H. , Biricik H. S. , Cimtay I. 
Published: October 2010

Two groups of six mares aged from eight to 18 years were anaesthetised by caudal epidural injections of ropivacaine (0.5 per cent, 0.1 mg/kg) or a combination of ripovacaine (0.08 mg/kg) and fentanyl (100 μg) in a randomised study. The onset of anaesthesia was significantly more rapid (P<0.001) and it lasted significantly longer (P<0.001) in the group anaesthetised with the combination of drugs. The surgical comfort scores of the group anaesthetised with the combination were higher than those of the group anaesthetised with ropivacaine alone (P<0.001), and the quality of intraoperative analgesia, as assessed by the surgeon, was significantly improved. There were no differences between the groups in their average scores for the levels of ataxia and sedation, in their behaviour, or in the incidence of side effects.
Risk factors associated with the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis in sheep from 1999 to 2000
Authors: Wassink G. J. , Green L. E. , Grogono‐Thomas R. , Moore L. J. 
Published: October 2010

As part of an investigation into improving the treatment and control of lameness in sheep flocks in England and Wales, a postal survey was conducted in November 2000. Farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flocks. In the ewes the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis remained relatively stable throughout the year, but there was a large increase in lambs during late spring and early summer. Logistic regression models were used to assess statistically significant risk factors associated with prevalences of the condition of 5 per cent or more in ewes and 10 per cent or more in lambs. Factors that increased the risk in ewes were ‘sometimes/never’ catching lame sheep compared with ‘always’ farm land 100 m or less above sea level and renting‐in winter grazing; factors that increased the risk in lambs were a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of footrot in ewes, ‘sometimes/never’ catching lame ewes compared with ‘always’, ‘sometimes/never’ treating ewes with footrot with parenteral antibiotics compared with ‘always’ showing sheep at agricultural events, farm land 100 m or less above sea level, and a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of interdigital dermatitis in ewes. Turning sheep on to a field which had been free from livestock for at least two weeks after footbathing decreased the risk of interdigital dermatitis in lambs. Footbathing without the use of a clean field compared with not footbathing did not significantly affect the prevalence of the interdigital dermatitis.
Left perinephric abscess associated with nephrolithiasis and bladder calculi in a bitch
Authors: Agut A. , Laredo F. G. , Belda E. , Soler M. , Seva J. 
Published: October 2010

An eight‐year‐old, entire female Pekingese cross, weighing 3–8 kg, had been inappetent with fever, depression, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea for seven days. The radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were consistent with glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis in both kidneys, bladder calculi and an accumulation of fluid in the left perinephric space. The clinical signs, together with the results of the diagnostic imaging, suggested that this fluid could be pus. A definitive diagnosis of a subcapsular abscess in the left kidney was established when this kidney was removed surgically. A histopathological examination of the kidney revealed a diffuse suppurative interstitial nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis and an abscess invading the perinephric adipose tissue from the renal cortex. Twelve months after surgery the dog remains clinically stable, but owing to the disease of its remaining kidney its long‐term prognosis is poor.
Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin and the rate of depletion of its residues in pigs
Authors: Martinez‐Larrañaga M. R. , Anadón A. , Martinez M. A. , Díaz M. J. , Frejo M. T. , Castellano V. J. , Isea G. , De La Cruz C. O. 
Published: October 2010

Six pigs were used in a two‐period crossover study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin after single intravenous and oral doses of 20 mg/kg bodyweight. Twelve pigs were used to study the residues of the drug in muscle, kidney, liver and fat after they had received daily oral doses of 20 mg/kg amoxycillin for five days. The mean (sd) elimination half life (t½β) and mean residence time of amoxycillin in plasma were 3.38 (0.30) and 3.54 (0.43) hours, respectively, after intravenous administration and 4.13 (0.50) and 4.47 (0.30) hours, respectively, after oral administration. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 7.37 (0.42) μg/ml and it was reached after 0.97 (0.29) hours. Six days after the last oral dose, the mean concentration of amoxycillin in the pigs' kidneys was 21.38 ng/g and in the liver it was 12.32 ng/g, but no amoxycillin could be detected in fat or muscle; the concentrations of amoxycillin in edible tissues were less than the European Union maximal residue limit of 50 μg/kg.