bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience and Self-Management of Hypertension in African American Adults Using a Conceptualized Resilience Framework
Authors: Still Carolyn Harmon , Ruksakulpiwat Suebsarn 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hypertension rates have increased worldwide, with the most significant increase in morbidity and mortality observed among African Americans. Resilience is a potential factor influencing how individuals manage health-related challenges or self-management tasks for hypertension. Research is scarce related to resilience and self-management frameworks in African Americans with hypertension.

Objectives
We aimed to describe a conceptualized resilience framework and preliminary findings of the association among resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors, and health outcomes in African Americans with hypertension.

Methods
This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study included African American adults with hypertension, aged 25 years and older, recruited from an academic university and surrounding urban communities in the Midwest. Participants completed standardized, validated questionnaires to examine the association among resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and blood pressure at baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample demographic characteristics, whereas Pearson's correlational and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations among the variables.

Results
African Americans with hypertension (N = 30) were included in this preliminary study, with a mean age of 59.17 years; 66.7% were female. The mean systolic blood pressure was 136 (SD = 16.8) mmHg; the mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.1 (SD = 13) mmHg. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors and capability, and health outcome components. Multiple regression analysis showed that poor perceived resilience significantly predicted depression. Low dispositional optimism and low perceived resilience were significant predictors of stress. Higher perceived resilience significantly predicted self-efficacy. Perceived stress was negatively and significantly associated with HRQOL. Finally, higher self-efficacy significantly predicted better HRQOL.

Discussion
This study underscores the significant association between resilience, stress, self-management behaviors, and health outcomes in African Americans with hypertension. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings.
Point-of-care urine tenofovir test predicts future HIV preexposure prophylaxis discontinuation among young users
Authors: Martinson Tyler , Montoya Rikki , Moreira Carlos , Kuncze Karen , Sassaman Kevin , Heise Megan J. , Glidden David V. , Amico K. Rivet , Arnold Emily A. , Buchbinder Susan P. , Ewart Leah Davis , Carrico Adam , Wang Guohong , Okochi Hideaki , Scott Hyman M. , Gandhi Monica , Spinelli Matthew A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:Young men who have sex with men and transgender women (YMSM/TGW) have disproportionately high HIV incidence and lower preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence. Point-of-care (POC) urine tenofovir (TFV) rapid assay (UTRA) testing permits real-time monitoring for nonadherence within clinical settings. We performed UTRA testing among PrEP users to examine the relationship between low PrEP adherence and future PrEP discontinuation, and the accuracy of POC testing compared to gold-standard liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).Methods:YMSM/TGW participants (n = 100) were recruited during a daily PrEP visit. Logistic regression models analyzed the relationship between the primary predictor of urine POC assay results (cutoff 1,500 ng/ml) and the primary outcome of PrEP discontinuation, defined as no PrEP follow-up or prescription within 120 days.Results:Overall, 19% of participants had low urine TFV and 21% discontinued PrEP, while 11% of participants self-reported low PrEP adherence (<4 pills per week), which was only 43% sensitive/84% specific in predicting low TFV levels and was not associated with PrEP discontinuation. Low urine TFV level predicted PrEP discontinuation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–11;P = 0.005] and was 71% sensitive/90% specific for discontinuation after 120 days. Compared to LC/MS/MS, UTRA testing had a 98% positive and 100% negative predictive value.Conclusions:In a sample of YMSM/TGW on daily PrEP, POC UTRA testing predicted PrEP discontinuation more accurately than self-reported adherence, with high predictive values compared to LC/MS/MS. UTRA testing may be a clinical tool for directing preventive interventions towards those likelier to discontinue PrEP despite ongoing HIV vulnerability.
Neurotransmitter release is triggered by a calcium-induced rearrangement in the Synaptotagmin-1/SNARE complex primary interface
Authors: Toulmé Estelle , Lázaro Andrea Salazar , Trimbuch Thorsten , Rizo Josep , Rosenmund Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Ca2+sensor synaptotagmin-1 triggers neurotransmitter release together with the neuronal SNARE complex formed by syntaxin-1, SNAP25 and synaptobrevin. Moreover, synaptotagmin-1 increases synaptic vesicle priming and impairs spontaneous vesicle release. The synaptotagmin-1 C2B domain binds to the SNARE complex through a primary interface via two regions (I and II), but how exactly this interface mediates distinct functions of synaptotagmin-1, and the mechanism underlying Ca2+-triggering of release is unknown. Using mutagenesis and electrophysiological experiments, we show that region II is functionally and spatially subdivided: binding of C2B domain arginines to SNAP-25 acidic residues at one face of region II is crucial for Ca2+-evoked release but not for vesicle priming or clamping of spontaneous release, whereas other SNAP-25 and syntaxin-1 acidic residues at the other face mediate priming and clamping of spontaneous release but not evoked release. Mutations that disrupt region I impair the priming and clamping functions of synaptotagmin-1 while, strikingly, mutations that enhance binding through this region increase vesicle priming and clamping of spontaneous release, but strongly inhibit evoked release and vesicle fusogenicity. These results support previous findings that the primary interface mediates the functions of synaptotagmin-1 in vesicle priming and clamping of spontaneous release, and, importantly, show that Ca2+-triggering of release requires a rearrangement of the primary interface involving dissociation of region I, while region II remains bound. Together with modeling and biophysical studies presented in the accompanying paper, our data suggest a model whereby this rearrangement pulls the SNARE complex to facilitate fast synaptic vesicle fusion.Significance statementThe synaptic SNARE complex and synaptotagmin-1 are required for fast neurotransmitter release. The functions of synaptotagmin-1 in preparing synaptic vesicles for fusion and executing the triggering step have been proposed to be regulated through interactions with the SNARE complex via the so-called primary interface. Using site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis in neurons, we now show that synaptotagmin-1 mediates its release preparatory functions via two contact sites with the SNARE complex at this interface. During Ca2+triggering, synaptotagmin-1 continues to contact the SNAREs at one site but disconnects the other site. We propose that this switch generates a pulling force on the SNARE complex that in turn triggers release. Biochemical and modeling studies described in the accompanying paper support this hypothesis.
Variations in nonlocal interaction range lead to emergent chase-and-run in heterogeneous populations
Authors: Painter K. J. , Giunta V. , Potts J. R. , Bernardi S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a chase-and-run dynamic, the interaction between two individuals is such that one moves towards the other (the chaser), while the other moves away (the runner). Examples can be found in both interacting cells and interacting animals. Here we investigate the behaviours that can emerge at a population level, for a heterogeneous group that contains subpopulations of chasers and runners. We show that a wide variety of patterns can form, from stationary patterns to oscillatory and population-level chase-and-run, where the latter describes a synchronised collective movement of the two populations. We investigate the conditions under which different behaviours arise, specifically focusing on the interaction ranges: the distances over which cells or organisms can sense one another’s presence. We find that when the interaction range of the chaser is sufficiently larger than that of the runner – or when the interaction range of the chase is sufficiently larger than that of the run – population-level chase-and-run emerges in a robust manner. We discuss the results in the context of phenomena observed in cellular and ecological systems, with particular attention to the dynamics observed experimentally within populations of neural crest and placode cells.
Effect of Adjunctive Intraoral Balance Appliance in the Usual Care of Patients with Chronic Temporomandibular Joint Disorders using Korean Medicine: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shin Woo-Chul , Kim Se yun , Cho Whisung , Park Jaehyun , Kim Hyungsuk , Chung Won-Seok , Song Mi-Yeon , Cho Jae-Heung 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures, often leading to pain, dysfunction, and a significant impact on quality of life. Epidemiological studies have estimated that up to 75% of the population in the United States exhibit at least one sign of TMD. Although conservative treatments such as acupuncture and occlusal splints have been recommended, evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive, and the combined effects of these interventions are not well understood.This study aims to compare the efficacy of an intraoral balance appliance (IBA) combined with standard Korean medicine care versus Korean medicine care alone in patients with chronic, painful TMD with myalgia.Materials and MethodsA single-center, two-arm, parallel, evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 1:1 allocation ratio will be designed to test the interventions. Seventy-six TMD patients with myalgia will be recruited and randomized. The Interventions will include manual acupuncture and physical therapy in both groups, with the addition of IBA in the treatment group.DiscussionThe outcomes will be measured using various scales such as the numeric rating scale for pain and bothersomeness, jaw functional limitation scale, and quality of life indicators.ConclusionThe trial is expected to provide evidence of the efficacy of combining the usual Korean medicine care and IBA in managing chronic TMD myalgia. Despite certain limitations such as the short intervention period and lack of standardized splint therapy, this RCT will contribute valuable data to guide the future treatment of TMD with myalgia.Trial registrationClinical Research information Service (CRiS) ID: KCT0008906. Registered on October 30, 2023
Application of theAMOCATIR workflow to tumor transcriptomic data delineates the adverse effect of immune cell infiltration in immune-privileged organs
Authors: Régnier Paul , Cagnard Nicolas , Podsypanina Katrina , Darrasse-Jèze Guillaume 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTImmune cells are present inside tumor tissue and can alter tumor growth. Expression profiles of human tumors hold transcripts from cancer cells and their microenvironment, including the infiltrating immune cells. Few standardized methods examine tumor immunobiology relying only on tumor transcriptome data. Using a new in-house developed R analysis workflow calledAMOCATI, we classified 43 cancer types from 11,176 patients according to the degree of infiltration by 18 distinct immune cell subsets, measured by the abundance of their transcriptomic signature, and calculated its effect on the disease outcome. In about half of cancers affecting organs without immune privilege, immune cell infiltration has beneficial effects. In contrast, immune infiltration in cancers of immune-privileged organs (eye, testis and brain) confers poor prognosis. Moreover, transcriptional evidence of increased immune cell activity in immune-privileged cancer sites is associated with bad prognosis. Thus, our results suggest that the effect of immune infiltration may depend on the origin of the primary tumor.SIGNIFICANCEOur in-house developed computational R approachAMOCATIallows to easily download public transcriptomic and clinical data, classify and analyze them.AMOCATI permitted us to define gene expression signatures associated with short- or long-term survival from 11,176 untreated patient unsorted biopsies in 43 types of cancer.We present the level of infiltration of 18 types of immune cell subsets transcriptomic signatures and 50 immune-related pathways in all these cancersCorrelation between immune infiltration of the tumor and survival establishes a link between tumor tissue of origin and the overall effect of immune infiltration on survival.Immune cell infiltration in tumors from ‘immune privileged organs’ correlate with shorter survival.Contrary to what we observe in ‘hot’ tumors, biological pathways of immune response are associated with a short-term survival profile in these cancers.
Transcriptional pathobiology and multi-omics predictors for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hu Ruifeng , Wang Ruoxuan , Yuan Jie , Lin Zechuan , Hutchins Elizabeth , Landin Barry , Liao Zhixiang , Liu Ganqiang , Scherzer Clemens R. , Dong Xianjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis and biomarker discovery to bolster the therapeutic pipeline for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are urgently needed. In this study, we leverage the large-scale whole-blood total RNA-seq dataset from the Accelerating Medicine Partnership in Parkinson’s Disease (AMP PD) program to identify PD-associated RNAs, including both known genes and novel circular RNAs (circRNA) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). There were 1,111 significant marker RNAs, including 491 genes, 599 eRNAs, and 21 circRNAs, that were first discovered in the PPMI cohort (FDR < 0.05) and confirmed in the PDBP/BioFIND cohorts (nominalp< 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the PD-associated genes are involved in neutrophil activation and degranulation, as well as the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. We further compare the PD-associated genes in blood with those in post-mortem brain dopamine neurons in our BRAINcode cohort. 44 genes show significant changes with the same direction in both PD brain neurons and PD blood, including neuroinflammation-associated genesIKBIP,CXCR2, andNFKBIB. Finally, we built a novel multi-omics machine learning model to predict PD diagnosis with high performance (AUC = 0.89), which was superior to previous studies and might aid the decision-making for PD diagnosis in clinical practice. In summary, this study delineates a wide spectrum of the known and novel RNAs linked to PD and are detectable in circulating blood cells in a harmonized, large-scale dataset. It provides a generally useful computational framework for further biomarker development and early disease prediction.Significance statementEarly and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is urgently needed. However, biomarkers for early detection of PD are still lacking. Also, the limit of sample size remains one of the main pitfalls of current PD biomarker studies. We employed an analysis of large-scale whole-blood RNA-seq data. By identifying 1,111 significant marker RNAs, we establish a robust foundation for early PD detection, which implicated in neutrophil activation, degranulation, and TNF-alpha signaling, offer unprecedented insights into PD pathogenesis. Our multi-omics machine learning model, boasting an AUC of 0.89, outperforms previous studies, promising a transformative tool for precise PD diagnosis in clinical settings. This study marks a pivotal step toward enhanced biomarker development and early disease prediction.
E. colicells advance into phase-separated (biofilm-simulating) extracellular polymeric substance containing DNA, HU, and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Gupta Archit , Guptasarma Purnananda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have earlier shown that HU, a nucleoid-associated protein, uses its DNA-binding surfaces to bind to bacterial outer-membrane lipopolysachharide (LPS), with this explaining how HU act as a potential glue for the adherence of bacteria to DNA, e.g., in biofilms. We have also earlier shown that HU and DNA together condense into a state of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) both within, and outside, bacterial cells. Here, we report that HU and free LPS also condense into a state of phase separation, with coacervates of HU, DNA and free LPS being less liquid-like than condensates of HU and DNA alone.E. colicells bearing surface LPS and also shedding LPS, are shown to adhere to (as well as enter into) condensates of HU and DNA. HU thus appears to play a role in maintaining both an intracellular state of phase separation involving genomic nucleoids that are phase-separated from the cytoplasm, and an extracellular state of phase separation involving coacervates of extracellular DNA, HU and LPS, in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms, in which LPS content is shown to modulate liquidity.ImportanceUnderstanding biofilm genesis and nature are crucial to understanding how to deal with the bacterial resistance to antibiotics that develops eventually in persistent biofilms. This study, together with two other recent landmark studies from our group, elucidates a novel aspect of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of anEscherichia colibiofilm, by creating a simulacrum of the EPS and demonstrating that its formation involves liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) by its component HU, DNA, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with LPS determining the liquidity of the EPS simulacrum. The findings provide insight into the physical nature of biofilms but also suggests that the interplay of HU, DNA, and LPS facilitates the structural integrity and functional dynamics of biofilms. These findings are a stepping stone to the eventual development of strategies to disrupt biofilm.
Mapping smartphone-based eye-tracking behavior across Japanese individuals on the pareidolia test
Authors: Revankar Gajanan S. , Furuya Kota , Mori Etsuro , Suzuki Maki , Nishio Yoshiyuki , Ogasawara Issei , Yamamoto Yuki , Aradhya Abhay M. , Salian Abhishek C. , Kajarekar Varad V. , Jagadeesh Ashwin M. , Revankar Seema S. , Revankar Arya A. , Yoshida Natsuki , Saeki Chizu , Ozono Tatsuhiko , Nakatani Daisaku , Mochizuki Hideki , Ikeda Manabu , Nakata Ken 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPareidolias are illusionary phenomena wherein ambiguous forms appear meaningful. In clinical research, pareidolias have been studied using paper or desktop test formats to deconstruct visuo-perceptual mechanisms. Translating this work on to an accessible, scalable setup such as smartphones is currently unknown. Here, we designed a smartphone-based pareidolia test to study visual processes affecting gaze behavior of cognitively healthy individuals using a standard, native front-facing camera. We optimized our system using machine learning and explored the challenges involved in user behavior, demographic specificity, and test functionality. We performed our experiments on 52 healthy Japanese adults, aged between 50 to 80 years who underwent MMSE and the smartphone test for pareidolias. Gaze movements on the 15-min, user-centric evaluation was calibrated to every individual. Results showed test responses with minimal differences with respect to age, sex, and completion time. Personalized calibrations improved the model’s prediction performance and quantification of gaze tracking metrics aligned with that of commercial grade eye-trackers. Our findings demonstrate the applicability and scalability of pareidolia testing on smartphone platforms.
Synchronous emergence ofStreptococcus pyogenes emmtype 3.93 with unique genomic inversion among invasive infections in the Netherlands and England
Authors: Davies Matthew A. , de Gier Brechje , Guy Rebecca L , Coelho Juliana , van Dam Alje P. , van Houdt Robin , Matamoros Sébastien , van den Berg Marit , Habermehl Patrick E. , Moganeradj Kartyk , Ryan Yan , Platt Steve , Hearn Henry , Blakey Eleanor , Chooneea Darren , Vlaminckx Bart J.M. , Lamagni Theresa , van Sorge Nina M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA global increase in the incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections was observed after lifting COVID-19-related restrictions in 2022 with dominance of M1UKin many countries. After seasonal declines in iGAS incidence during the summer of 2023, simultaneous, rapid expansion of a previously rareemmtype 3.93 was seen in both England and the Netherlands from November 2023, causing 20% and 60% of all iGAS cases, respectively, within 4 months.Emm3.93 was associated with iGAS in children 6-17 years of age and with increased risk of pneumonia/pleural empyema and meningitis in both countries. No significant excess risk of death was identified foremm3.93 compared to other types. Genomic analysis of historic and contemporaryemm3.93 isolates revealed the emergence of three new clades with a previously undescribed genomic inversion. Our findings underscore the value of molecular surveillance, including long-read sequencing, in identifying clinical and public health threats.
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Coated Balloons
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya , Watanabe Tetsu , Toyoshima Mashu , Katawaki Wataru , Toshima Taku , Kumagai Yu , Yamanaka Tamon , Watanabe Masafumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug coated balloon (DCB) is an emerging treatment technology for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the prognostic factors of PCI with DCB remain fully determined. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent PCI. The aim of the present study was to clarify the impact of CKD on prognosis in CAD patients who underwent PCI with DCB.MethodsWe enrolled 252 consecutive patients with CAD who underwent PCI with DCB from 2015 to 2023. The endpoints of this study were composite events including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, stroke, and major bleeding.ResultsThe prevalence rate of CKD was 48%. Patients with CKD were older and had higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than those without. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher composite event rate in patients with CKD (log-rank test, P = 0.003). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, CKD was independently associated with composite events after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted hazard ratio 1.920, 95% confidence intervals 1.154-3.197, P = 0.012), mainly driven by all-cause deaths.ConclusionCKD was associated with unfavorable outcomes in CAD patients who underwent PCI with DCB.