bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
They are undermining our identity! Effect of demographic shift on negative reactions toward refugees: the mediator role of identity undermining
Authors: Ergiyen Tolga , Yurtbakan Taylan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Demographic changes around the world via immigration provide a unique context for how high-powered (majority) groups respond to new circumstances. Previous studies indicated that impending demographic shift is detrimental to intergroup relations. In the present study, we present evidence of a novel mediator to explain the negative reactions of the majority group members to the impending demographic shift in a non-WEIRD (Türkiye) context. Accordingly, we conducted an experimental study (N = 274) in which participants showed a current demographic structure, future Turkish majority, and future Turkish minority via ostensibly a real newspaper article to examine the mediation role of identity undermining between impending demographic shift and outgroup tolerance and collective angst. Results of the mediation analysis showed that the significant indirect effect of demographic shift on shift on collective angst, but not on outgroup tolerance, via identity undermining emerged for the difference between the participants presented the current distribution of Türkiye and participants presented a future where Turkish citizens would no longer constitute a majority. Thus, we demonstrate that an experimentally manipulated impending demographic shift threatens the way of life (identity undermining) among majority group members, subsequently increasing their collective angst. This finding underscores the importance of identity undermining as a potential danger for majority-minority relations and highlights the need for strategies to mitigate these tensions.
Mental Health Care for Transgender and Non-binary Adults: An Investigation of Affirmative Practice, Therapy Experiences and Outcomes, and Reasons for Treatment Termination
Authors: Pepping Christopher A. , Cronin Timothy J. , Davis Andrew W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
It is widely acknowledged that mental health services should be affirming and tailored to meet the needs of TNB people, though only limited research has addressed this empirically. This study examined mental health help-seeking experiences of TNB adults and tested whether, and how, TNB-affirming practice predicts therapy outcomes.

Methods
A sample of 232 TNB therapy clients (M age = 26.98 years) completed a questionnaire assessing treatment characteristics and experiences, ratings of affirmative therapy practice, aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and therapy outcomes. Data were collected in 2018 from a sample of TNB individuals living in Australia.

Results
Depression, stress, and anxiety were the most commonly cited reasons for seeking help, and a sizeable proportion also sought help for gender-related factors. TNB-affirmative practice was associated with greater client satisfaction and greater therapy effectiveness; these associations were mediated by aspects of the therapeutic alliance. The most frequently cited reason for treatment termination was a lack of practitioner understanding, and only 22% of those who had terminated treatment did so because their problems had been resolved.

Conclusions
Results suggest the extent to which mental health professionals are TNB-affirming has important implications for the outcomes of mental health support among TNB individuals. Results also point to unmet mental health needs that are at least partially related to a lack of affirmative mental health care.

Policy Implications
Findings support recommendations for affirming and inclusive mental health services and suggest that the therapeutic alliance may be one mechanism through which affirmative practice could enhance therapy outcomes. We discuss policy and professional practice implications and highlight the need for further research focused on developing and testing the efficacy of tailored therapy interventions for TNB adults.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage in the MENA Region: A Regional Review of Projects and Challenges
Authors: Bou-Hamdan Kamel F. , Sufyan Faraz , Hashim Abbas Azza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change poses a severe threat to both the environment and human health, manifesting in floods, droughts, global warming, and food and energy security threats. This threat arises from the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2). The challenge lies in effectively managing and utilizing CO2 by reducing atmospheric carbon footprints and integrating CO2 into the energy value chain in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where the prominent oil and gas industry and the transition to renewable energy sources are emerging. Thus, understanding the progress in carbon management is crucial. The carboniferous geological formations in this region present promising prospects for CO2 storage, emphasizing the permanence of sequestration and the potential for enhancing oil recovery and economic diversification. This review systematically examines the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) life cycle, including CO2 emissions, CCUS technologies, research and development (R&D) trends, and policy frameworks in the MENA region. Furthermore, it discusses the main challenges in implementing CCUS projects in a larger scale in this region. The modularized approach of this analysis is motivated by the absence of a comprehensive review for this region. It aims to provide strategic insights into the region’s global standing in the rapid growth of environmental responsibility.
Towards a Better Understanding of Poverty in the Italian Labour Market
Authors: D’Aguanno Maria Cristina , Gallo Giovanni , Luppi Matteo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the last century poverty was mainly associated with unemployment status. Over the years, changes like the globalization process and policies to increase labour market flexibility led to a weakening of labour market institutions and the consequent worsening of workers’ socioeconomic conditions, to the naissance of the working poor class. The literature does not provide a unique definition of working poverty, but several definitions can be obtained by combining the labour market dimension with different poverty definitions. While “in-work poverty” is the EU indicator to detect working poverty in the labour market, it has several limitations because of its hybrid nature: it considers both the sphere of work of the individual and the family dimension. Relying on an advanced version of the 2019 IT-SILC survey dataset, the objective of this study is twofold. First, we propose an alternative measure considering territorial and sectoral disparities to have a better understanding of the low-wage employment in the Italian labour market. Second, we investigate the determinants of each type of working poverty explored and their potential coexistence.
Mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in ZnO doped tunable soft materials
Authors: Sonali M. K. , Kulkarni Suresh D. , Lewis Prinston Maelroy , Garbovskiy Yuriy , Sandeep S. , Sinha Rajeev K. , Bhagavath Poornima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Incorporating nanomaterials into liquid crystals has gained popularity since the rise of nanotechnology in the 1990s. The modifications of the physical and chemical properties of liquid crystals are envisioned with the formulation of nanocomposites. In this work, we provide the experimental evidence for the enhancement in the conductivity observed in composites of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped in hydrogen bonded liquid crystals (HBLCs) (P18:FBA) built with (4-pyridyl)-benzylidene-4ʹ-n-octadecylaniline as proton acceptors and 4-Fluorobenzoic acids as proton donors. The FTIR and Photoluminescence studies confirmed the decreased H-bonding interactions proving an efficient pathway for the observed conductivity in the nanocomposites. A theoretical model is proposed for the quantitative explanation of observed conductivity which emphasizes mixed ionic-electronic conductivity.
Psychological and Physiological Effects of Sleeping Bag-shaped Aluminum Sheets on Night-time Sleep in Winter: A Disaster Medicine Study
Authors: Nishimura Kazuki , Tamari Yutaro , Onodera Sho , Nagasaki Koji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated the psychological and physiological effects of using sleeping bag-shaped aluminum sheets during night-time sleep in winter to reduce cold stimulation and improve the sleeping environment in disaster evacuation shelters.

Methods
Sixteen healthy male participants in Hiroshima City underwent 2 experimental conditions in January and December 2023: night-time sleep in winter with and without a sleeping bag-shaped aluminum sheets. Sleep–wake rhythm during night-time sleep (discriminant analysis method), subjective sleep soundness, mood state profile, heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation were measured. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank sum test, Friedman’s test, and paired t-test were performed.

Results
Thermal sensation of warmth and subjective sleep soundness were significantly greater with than without the aluminum sheets. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency were also significantly greater, whereas the frequency and duration of wakefulness after sleep onset were significantly less. Total mood disturbance, fatigue-inertia, and vivid-activity were significantly different between the control, aluminum sheets, and home conditions. Physiological parameters did not differ significantly.

Conclusions
These data suggest that using sleeping bag-shaped aluminum sheets in disaster evacuation shelters in winter could be effective in improving sleep–wake rhythms and subjective sleep soundness, although negative emotions were not improved.
Mental Health Rehabilitation in Gaza: Addressing the Impact of Ongoing War Conflict on Access and Challenges, a Systematic Review
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The ongoing conflict in Gaza, intensified since October 2023, has critically disrupted mental health services, exacerbating issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression among the population. This systematic review aims to identify and assess the challenges faced in mental health rehabilitation during this period.

Methods
Utilizing the Arksey & O’Malley framework and PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across 6 databases. Studies focusing on barriers to mental health services for Gazan residents were selected, and data were extracted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) for quality assessment.

Results
Eight studies were included, revealing significant barriers to accessing mental health services, including extensive damage to health care infrastructure, a shortage of trained professionals, economic hardships, and a pervasive distrust in health care institutions.

Conclusions
The findings underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions and strategies to enhance access to mental health services and rebuild trust within the community. Addressing these barriers is essential for effective psychological rehabilitation and long-term recovery for the affected population in Gaza.
Absolute dilations of UCP self-adjoint Fourier multipliers: the nonunimodular case
Authors: Duquet Charles , Le Merdy Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

$\varphi$

be a normal semifinite faithful weight on a von Neumann algebra

$A$

, let

$(\sigma ^\varphi _r)_{r\in {\mathbb R}}$

denote the modular automorphism group of

$\varphi$

, and let

$T\colon A\to A$

be a linear map. We say that

$T$

admits an absolute dilation if there exists another von Neumann algebra

$M$

equipped with a normal semifinite faithful weight

$\psi$

, a

$w^*$

-continuous, unital and weight-preserving

$*$

-homomorphism

$J\colon A\to M$

such that

$\sigma ^\psi \circ J=J\circ \sigma ^\varphi$

, as well as a weight-preserving

$*$

-automorphism

$U\colon M\to M$

such that

$T^k={\mathbb {E}}_JU^kJ$

for all integer

$k\geq 0$

, where

$ {\mathbb {E}}_J\colon M\to A$

is the conditional expectation associated with

$J$

. Given any locally compact group

$G$

and any real valued function

$u\in C_b(G)$

, we prove that if

$u$

induces a unital completely positive Fourier multiplier

$M_u\colon VN(G) \to VN(G)$

, then

$M_u$

admits an absolute dilation. Here,

$VN(G)$

is equipped with its Plancherel weight

$\varphi _G$

. This result had been settled by the first named author in the case when

$G$

is unimodular so the salient point in this paper is that

$G$

may be nonunimodular, and hence,

$\varphi _G$

may not be a trace. The absolute dilation of

$M_u$

implies that for any

$1\lt p\lt \infty$

, the

$L^p$

-realization of

$M_u$

can be dilated into an isometry acting on a noncommutative

$L^p$

-space. We further prove that if

$u$

is valued in

$[0,1]$

, then the

$L^p$

-realization of

$M_u$

is a Ritt operator with a bounded

$H^\infty$

-functional calculus.
Karst Water Resources in a Changing World: Review of Solute Transport Modeling Approaches
Authors: Çallı K. Ö. , Chiogna G. , Bittner D. , Sivelle V. , Labat D. , Richieri B. , Çallı S. S. , Hartmann A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKarst water resources are valuable freshwater sources for around 10% of the world's population. Nonetheless, anthropogenic impacts and global changes have seriously deteriorated karst water quality and dependent ecosystems. Multiscale karstic heterogeneity—referring to the spatial variations of the karst aquifer's physical and chemical characteristics at varying scales—is the main challenge in describing karst flow and contaminant transport dynamics. Solute transport models are powerful tools to represent and predict the spatiotemporal behaviors of contaminant migration in karst water resources. By enhancing our understanding of the transport processes, the solute transport models enable us to explore contamination risks and potential outcomes of the contamination‐related issues in karst systems. Because of that, they are often used for monitoring, controlling, and managing karst water quality and dependent ecosystem functioning. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the modeling of karst transport processes with a focus on single‐phase solute transport. By unveiling the fundamental challenges underlying a successful real‐world application of karst transport models, we discuss to what extent and how we can handle these challenges. By further deriving the key challenges afront the successful modeling applications in karst systems, we, therefore, provide directions to ensure the reliable modeling of karst transport dynamics in the present context of global changes.
Electron Density in Io's Alfvén Wing Observed Via Radio Occultation With Juno
Authors: Buccino D. R. , Caruso A. , Coffin D. , Gomez‐Casajus L. , Parisi M. , Zannoni M. , Gramigna E. , Withers P. , Tortora P. , Park R. S. , Steffes P. , Bolton S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractJuno performed close flybys of the innermost Galilean moon, Io, in December 2023 (I57) and February 2024 (I58). During these flybys, the radio link connecting the Juno spacecraft to Earth observing stations of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) propagated through the Alfvén wing, a magnetospheric feature in which plasma is produced between Io and Jupiter. The radio link is sensitive to the elevated electron densities in the Alfvén wing. A direct measurement of the total electron content was made by a linear combination of Juno's X‐band and Ka‐band downlink frequencies. Two different approaches were used in inverting the measurements into electron densities which assume different electron density distributions within the Alfvén wing. The maximum electron densities estimated in the Alfvén wing were 20,500–27,000 cm−3 on I57, in the northern Alfvén wing, and 15,300–31,000 cm−3 on I58, in the southern Alfvén wing.
Understanding the Role of the North Pacific Victoria Mode in ENSO Predictability Based on the NMME Hindcasts
Authors: Ren Zhengyi , Li Zongrong , Ding Ruiqiang , Mao Jiangyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe North Pacific Victoria mode (VM) is considered a precursor signal of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Understanding the role of the VM in ENSO predictability is essential for improving ENSO prediction. Utilizing the North American Multimodel Ensemble hindcasts, this study demonstrates that the VM can increase the potential predictability (measured by the signal‐to‐noise ratio) of ENSO in most forecast models. The well simulated VM‐ENSO relationship in these models contributes to the greater potential predictability of ENSO during the VM years. Our results show that accurately capturing the VM‐ENSO relationship is highly beneficial for improving ENSO prediction skill within forecast models.
Monsoon‐Driven Phytoplankton Community Succession in the Southern South China Sea
Authors: Guo Jia , Liu Jiaxing , Jing Zhiyou , Zhou Linbin , Ke Zhixin , Long Aimin , Wang Junxing , Ding Xiang , Tan Yehui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhytoplankton, the main contributor to ocean carbon and nitrogen fixation, responds rapidly to physicochemical changes caused by hydrodynamics. To understand the response of phytoplankton community succession to monsoon‐driven hydrographic changes, we analyzed the phytoplankton and environmental data of four cruises in the southern South China Sea (SSCS) during different monsoon periods. The results revealed that the phytoplankton communities in the monsoon interval (MI) period significantly differed from those in monsoon periods. Specifically, the phytoplankton communities exhibited the highest diversity owing to the pronounced environmental heterogeneity in the sampling time of MI. However, the total abundance of phytoplankton (4.2 ± 4.0 × 103 cells/L) was the highest in the northeast monsoon (NEM) period due to the nutrient‐rich conditions caused by strong vertical mixing possibly induced by the western boundary current. Notably, diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium (0.9–21.3 × 103 cells/L) exhibited high abundances at the edge of the anticyclonic eddy during the southwest monsoon (SWM) sampling period. Moreover, Trichodesmium (0.6–18.0 × 103 cells/L) remained abundant primarily in the nitrogen‐limited areas with sufficient phosphate during the sampling periods of the pre‐NEM and NEM. Our study provides new insights into the importance of Trichodesmium in supplying new nitrogen to monsoon‐influenced seas and the role of monsoon variability in shaping phytoplankton community succession.
Atmospheric Transport Modeling of CO2 With Neural Networks
Authors: Benson Vitus , Bastos Ana , Reimers Christian , Winkler Alexander J. , Yang Fanny , Reichstein Markus 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccurately describing the distribution of in the atmosphere with atmospheric tracer transport models is essential for greenhouse gas monitoring and verification support systems to aid implementation of international climate agreements. Large deep neural networks are poised to revolutionize weather prediction, which requires 3D modeling of the atmosphere. While similar in this regard, atmospheric transport modeling is subject to new challenges. Both, stable predictions for longer time horizons and mass conservation throughout need to be achieved, while IO plays a larger role compared to computational costs. In this study we explore four different deep neural networks (UNet, GraphCast, Spherical Fourier Neural Operator and SwinTransformer) which have proven as state‐of‐the‐art in weather prediction to assess their usefulness for atmospheric tracer transport modeling. For this, we assemble the CarbonBench data set, a systematic benchmark tailored for machine learning emulators of Eulerian atmospheric transport. Through architectural adjustments, we decouple the performance of our emulators from the distribution shift caused by a steady rise in atmospheric . More specifically, we center input fields to zero mean and then use an explicit flux scheme and a mass fixer to assure mass balance. This design enables stable and mass conserving transport for over 6 months with all four neural network architectures. In our study, the SwinTransformer displays particularly strong emulation skill: 90‐day and physically plausible multi‐year forward runs. This work paves the way toward high resolution forward and inverse modeling of inert trace gases with neural networks.
Inverted pyramid 3-axis silicon Hall-effect magnetic sensor with offset cancellation
Authors: Ruggeri Jacopo , Ausserlechner Udo , Köck Helmut , Dowling Karen M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microelectronic magnetic sensors are essential in diverse applications, including automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics. Hall-effect devices hold the largest share of the magnetic sensor market, and they are particularly valued for their reliability, low cost and CMOS compatibility. This paper introduces a novel 3-axis Hall-effect sensor element based on an inverted pyramid structure, realized by leveraging MEMS micromachining and CMOS processing. The devices are manufactured by etching the pyramid openings with TMAH and implanting the sloped walls with n-dopants to define the active area. Through the use of various bias-sense detection modes, the device is able to detect both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields within a single compact structure. In addition, the offset can be significantly reduced by one to three orders of magnitude by employing the current-spinning method. The device presented in this work demonstrated high in-plane and out-of-plane current- and voltage-related sensitivities ranging between 64.1 to 198 V A−1 T−
1 and 14.8 to 21.4 mV V−1 T−1, with crosstalk below 4.7%. The sensor exhibits a thermal noise floor which corresponds to approximately

$$0.5\,\mu \text{T}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$

0.5

μ
T

/

Hz

at 1.31 V supply. This novel Hall-effect sensor represents a promising and simpler alternative to existing state-of-the-art 3-axis magnetic sensors, offering a viable solution for precise and reliable magnetic field sensing in various applications such as position feedback and power monitoring.