bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Natural Products on Solid Phases via Copper‐Mediated Coupling: Synthesis of the Aristogin Family, Spiraformin A, and Hernandial
Authors: Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe formation of natural products on solid phases via diaryl ether coupling is presented herein. Starting with either commercially‐available or easily‐producible benzoic, cinnamic, or propionic acids, all immobilized on Merrifield resin via a pentane linker, copper‐mediated couplings yielded solid phase diaryl ethers in good yields. Both, phenol and resins containing aryl halides were used for these Ullmann‐type couplings to generate resin‐bound natural product derivatives. Through cleavage from the resin, eight naturally occurring substances isolated from Aristolochia elegans, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Spiraea formosana, and Kandelia candel were prepared. To the best of our knowledge, four of these compounds, namely Aristogin D and F as well as Spiraformin A and compound 12 have never previously been synthesized. Gaining access to these natural products on solid supports, demonstrated the utility of diaryl ether formation for the development of combinatorial syntheses. Our approach to diaryl ethers on solid support offers the possibility of synthesizing libraries of natural product derivatives via combinatorial syntheses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
2‐D Difference in gel electrophoresis combined with Pro‐Q Diamond staining: A successful approach for the identification of kinase/phosphatase targets
Authors: Orsatti Laura , Forte Eleonora , Tomei Licia , Caterino Marianna , Pessi Antonello , Talamo Fabio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL‐3 is an appealing therapeutic cancer target for its well described involvement in the metastasis progression. Nevertheless, very little is known about PRL‐3 role in tumorigenesis. In the attempt to identify the protein target of this phosphatase we have devised a model system based on the use of highly invasive HCT116 colon cancer cells over‐expressing PRL‐3. We used 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis combined with the fluorescence staining Pro‐Q Diamond selective for phosphorylated proteins to monitor changes in the phosphorylation status of possible substrates. Proteins whose phosphorylation level was negatively affected by PRL‐3 over‐expression were identified by MS. Two proteins were found to be significantly dephosphorylated in this condition, the cytoskeletal protein ezrin and elongation factor 2. Ezrin has already been described as having a proactive role in cancer metastasis through control of its phosphorylation status, and the PRL‐3‐induced modulation of ezrin phosphorylation in HCT116 and human umblical vascular endothelial cells is the subject of a separate paper by Forte et al. [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1783, 334–344]. The combination of 2‐D difference in gel electrophoresis and Pro‐Q Diamond was hence confirmed successful in analyzing changes of protein phosphorylation which enable the identification of kinase/phosphatase targets.
DInSAR measurements of ground deformation by sinkholes, mining subsidence, and landslides, Ebro River, Spain
Authors: Castañeda Carmen , Gutiérrez Francisco , Manunta Michele , Galve Jorge P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDifferential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has been applied to detect and measure ground deformation in a stretch of the Ebro River valley (Spain) excavated in salt‐bearing evaporites. The capability of the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) DInSAR technique to detect ground displacement is analyzed comparing the DInSAR results with the available geomorphological information. The deformation map derived from 27 European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite images covering more than five years provides sub‐centimeter displacement measurements in zones coinciding with known active sinkholes and landslides. Moreover the map provides the first account of mining subsidence in the area. The measured deformation rates reach 1·68 cm/y for the sinkholes, 0·80 cm/y for the landslides and 1·45 cm/y for the area affected by mining subsidence. The SBAS DInSAR technique provided deformation measurements in a small proportion (5–10%) of the known active sinkholes and landslides. This limitation is mainly due to the lack of coherence in agricultural areas, the spatial resolution of the deformation map (pixel size of 90 m), and the parallelism between the ERS satellite line of sight and the linear escarpment on which most of the landslides occur. Despite this, the interferometric technique provides valuable data that complement traditional geomorphological studies including the quantification of the deformation phenomena, the identification of mining subsidence otherwise only recognizable by geodetic methods, and the detection of creep deformation which might correspond to premonitory indicators of catastrophic sinkholes and landslides capable of causing the loss of lives. Detailed DInSAR studies combined with field data would be required to improve the analysis of each deformation area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining thermal properties of gypsum board at elevated temperatures
Authors: Park Seul‐Hyun , Manzello Samuel L. , Bentz Dale P. , Mizukami Tensei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Center for Better Living have formed a collaboration to assess the performance and failure mechanisms of gypsum wall assemblies under real fires/furnace conditions. These measurements are being used to compile an experimental database necessary to validate models that could be used to predict their performance and ultimate failure under various design fires. A critical component of the database is thermal property data of gypsum board. The present paper describes the results of an effort to quantify thermal properties of gypsum board. The thermal conductivity specific heat mass loss and linear contraction for gypsum board types widely used in the U.S.A. and Japan were measured both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The gypsum board types tested include Type X and Type C from the U.S.A. and Type R and Type F from Japan. Results indicate that the difference in thermal properties of all gypsum board samples tested in the present study is not significant particularly at elevated temperatures. A large difference in linear contraction among gypsum board samples was observed at elevated temperatures, implying a significant difference in mechanical behavior at fire temperatures. The experimental data set provides valuable information that can be used to model the behavior of gypsum board at elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perfumes in Mediterranean antiquity
Authors: Castel Cécilia , Fernandez Xavier , Filippi Jean‐Jacques , Brun Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPerfumes in antiquity were products of great importance. They played an important role in seduction, feasts and ceremonies, religious rites, funerals and medicine. Antic perfumes were produced by extraction of fragrant raw materials (plants, gum resins, spices, etc.) using vegetable oil (ben, sesame, horseradish, almond, olive oil) as the main excipient. In the frame of new archaeological researches over the antic sites of Delos in Greece and Capua, Herculanum and Pompei in Italy, we sought to understand the composition of perfume in antiquity. How were antic perfumes made? Which fragrances characterized them? The Seplasia project, led by chemists and archaeologists, has the main intention of answering these questions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element and sensitivity analysis of thermally induced flow instabilities
Authors: Giguère Jean‐Serge , Ilinca Florin , Pelletier Dominique 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a finite element algorithm for the simulation of thermo‐hydrodynamic instabilities causing manufacturing defects in injection molding of plastic and metal powder. Mold‐filling parameters determine the flow pattern during filling, which in turn influences the quality of the final part. Insufficiently, well‐controlled operating conditions may generate inhomogeneities, empty spaces or unusable parts. An understanding of the flow behavior will enable manufacturers to reduce or even eliminate defects and improve their competitiveness. This work presents a rigorous study using numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis. The problem is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equation and a generalized Newtonian viscosity model. The solution algorithm is applied to a simple flow in a symmetrical gate geometry. This problem exhibits both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical solutions depending on the values taken by flow parameters. Under particular combinations of operating conditions, the flow was stable and symmetric, while some other combinations leading to large thermally induced viscosity gradients produce unstable and asymmetric flow. Based on the numerical results, a stability chart of the flow was established, identifying the boundaries between regions of stable and unstable flow in terms of the Graetz number (ratio of thermal conduction time to the convection time scale) andB, a dimensionless ratio indicating the sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes. Sensitivities with respect to flow parameters are then computed using thecontinuous sensitivity equationsmethod. We demonstrate that sensitivities are able to detect the transition between the stable and unstable flow regimes and correctly indicate how parameters should change in order to increase the stability of the flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simultaneous test of unit root and level change
Authors: Jun Duk Bin , Park Dae Keun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTesting the existence of unit root and/or level change is necessary in order to understand the underlying processes of time series. In many studies carried out so far, the focus was only on a single aspect of unit root and level change, therefore limiting a full assessment of the given problems. Our study aims to find a solution to the given problems by testing the two hypotheses simultaneously. We derive the likelihood ratio test statistic based on the state space model, and their distributions are created by the simulation method. The performance of the proposed method is validated by simulated time series and also applied to two Korean macroeconomic time series to confirm its practical application. This analysis can provide a solution to determine the underlying structure of arguable time series. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of skewness on optimal production and hedging decisions: An application of the skew‐normal distribution
Authors: Lien Donald 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAssume that the spot price has a skew‐normal distribution. This study investigates the effect of skewness on optimal production and hedging decisions. It is shown that skewness has no effect on the optimal production level but induces the firm to become more active in futures trading. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:278–289, 2010
The impact of off‐market trading on liquidity: Evidence from the Australian options market
Authors: Lepone Andrew , Yang Jin Young 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of reducing the contract size threshold for off‐market trading on transaction costs in an options market. This study provides evidence that market makers compete more aggressively for small‐to‐medium trades and quote mid‐size depths more often after the regime change. Results also indicate that small‐to‐medium trades incur lower transaction costs; however, large trades that are executed on the central limit order book do not benefit from the structural transition. Given recent frictions imposed by regulators on equity markets, these results suggest that options markets provide an effective means for investors to replicate short‐selling in underlying securities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:361–377, 2010
Racial and ethnic disparities in post‐stroke depression detection
Authors: Jia Huanguang , Chumbler Neale R. , Wang Xinping , Chuang Ho‐Chih , Damush Teresa M. , Cameon Randi , Williams Linda S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesPost‐stroke depression (PSD) is common among stroke survivors and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Little is understood about racial/ethnic differences in PSD detection. This study assessed the racial/ethnic disparities in PSD detection in a national cohort of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) acute stroke patients.MethodsThe study included VA patients who: received inpatient care for acute stroke within 2001; survived >60 days post‐index hospitalization; had an index stay <365 days; and were confirmed VA healthcare enrollees. PSD was established if a patient had a depression diagnosis in VA or Medicare inpatient or outpatient files, or was dispensed an antidepressant with guideline recommended minimum daily dosage during the 12 months post stroke. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the effects of race/ethnicity on PSD detection, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsThe study cohort (N = 5825) was comprised of 66% white, 22% black, 7% Hispanic, and 6% for all other racial/ethnic categories. Among these stroke patients, 39% had PSD. Black and ‘all other’ racial/ethnic categories were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with PSD than non‐Hispanic whites, even adjusting for potential risk factors.ConclusionWhite, non‐Hispanic VA acute stroke patients were more likely to be diagnosed with PSD, even controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Whether these findings suggest racial/ethnic differences in symptom endorsement by patients or in symptom recognition by providers is not clear. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural correlates of efficacy of voice therapy in Parkinson's disease identified by performance–correlation analysis
Authors: Narayana Shalini , Fox Peter T. , Zhang Wei , Franklin Crystal , Robin Donald A. , Vogel Deanie , Ramig Lorraine O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLSVT® LOUD (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment) is efficacious in the treatment of speech disorders in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), particularly hypophonia. Functional imaging in patients with IPD has shown abnormalities in several speech regions and changes in these areas immediately following treatment. This study serves to extend the analysis by correlating changes of regional neural activity with the main behavioral change following treatment, namely, increased vocal intensity. Ten IPD participants with hypophonia were studied before and after LSVT LOUD. Cerebral blood flow during rest and reading conditions were measured by H215O‐positron emission tomography. Z‐score images were generated by contrasting reading with rest conditions for pre‐ and post‐LSVT LOUD sessions. Neuronal activity during reading in the pre‐ versus post‐LSVT LOUD contrast was correlated with corresponding change in vocal intensity to generate correlation images. Behaviorally, vocal intensity for speech tasks increased significantly after LSVT LOUD. The contrast and correlation analyses indicate a treatment‐dependent shift to the right hemisphere with modification in the speech motor regions as well as in prefrontal and temporal areas. We interpret the modification of activity in these regions to be a top–down effect of LSVT LOUD. The absence of an effect of LSVT LOUD on the basal ganglion supports this argument. Our findings indicate that the therapeutic effect of LSVT LOUD in IPD hypophonia results from a shift in cortical activity to the right hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that the short‐term changes in the speech motor and multimodal integration areas can occur in a top–down manner. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From large analogical instruments to small digital black boxes: 40 years of progress in mass spectrometry and its role in proteomics. Part II 1985–2000
Authors: Gelpí Emilio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis is the continuation of a personal retrospective on the developments that since 1965 have given shape to Mass Spectrometry (MS) and taken it from a position of simply playing a role in Protein Chemistry to becoming an indispensable tool in Proteomics, all within a 40‐year span. Part I covered the period from 1965 to 1984. This second part reviews the Mass Spectrometry timeline of events from 1985 to 2000, stopping at various time points where MS made significant contributions to protein chemistry or where the development of new instrumentation for MS represented a major advance for peptide and protein work. Major highlights in the field and their significance for peptide and protein characterization such as the advent and practical consequences of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are covered, including work done with triple quads, the development of time‐of‐flight (TOF) instruments and new ion traps and going on to the more recent work on the full characterization of the Proteome with ion traps, TOF instruments and new ionization and tagging techniques for protein sequencing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a power system stabilizer using decentralized adaptive model following tracking control approach
Authors: Yu Wen‐Shyong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a power system stabilizer using decentralized adaptive model following tracking control (DAMFTC) approach to damp oscillations of generators in transient response subjected to uncertainties and generating fault actuators. The power system is represented as a collection of interconnected dynamical subsystems each described by a set of differential/algebraic equations using a clear representation of load voltage magnitude with matched and unmatched time‐varying uncertainties. All adaptive learning algorithms in this control system are derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis subject to state errors due to uncertainties and fault section, so that stability and robustness of the closed‐loop system are ensured and asymptotic‐state tracking can be achieved. An adaptive bound estimation algorithm is investigated to relax the requirement for the bound of uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by distributing a detailed simulation of the three‐machine nine‐bus system with nonlinear interactions, uncertainties, and fault actuators. The simulation includes the effects of network and stator transients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of transfection strategy on growth factor overexpression by articular chondrocytes
Authors: Shi Shuiliang , Mercer Scott , Trippel Stephen B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractArticular cartilage damage remains an unsolved problem in orthopaedics. Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) are anabolic and mitogenic for articular chondrocytes, and are candidates for the application of gene therapy to articular cartilage repair. We tested the hypothesis that the production of IGF‐I and FGF‐2 can be augmented by modulating vector designs and delivery methods used for gene transfer to articular chondrocytes. We developed a novel adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based plasmid (pAAV) to overexpress IGF‐I and FGF‐2 cDNAs in adult bovine articular chondrocytes. We found that the pAAV‐based vectors generated significantly more growth factor than pcDNA vectors carrying the same cDNAs. Chondrocytes cotransfected with both IGF‐I and FGF‐2 cDNAs in two separate pAAV plasmids produced significantly more IGF‐I and FGF‐2 than cells transfected by a single pAAV plasmid carrying both cDNAs in a dicistronic cassette. These data indicate that pAAV vectors are more effective than pcDNA vectors for transfer of IGF‐I and FGF‐2 genes to articular chondrocytes. They further suggest that cotransfection may be an effective strategy for multiple gene transfer to these cells. These findings may be important in applying growth factor gene transfer to cell‐based articular cartilage gene therapy. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:103–109, 2010
Joint line elevation in revision TKA leads to increased patellofemoral contact forces
Authors: König Christian , Sharenkov Alexey , Matziolis Georg , Taylor William R. , Perka Carsten , Duda Georg N. , Heller Markus O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne difficulty in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the management of distal femoral bone defects in which a joint line elevation (JLE) is likely to occur. Although JLE has been associated with inferior clinical results, the effect that an elevated joint line has on knee contact forces has not been investigated. To understand the clinical observations and elaborate the potential risk associated with a JLE, we performed a virtual TKA on the musculoskeletal models of four subjects. Tibio‐ and patellofemoral joint contact forces (JCF) were calculated for walking and stair climbing, varying the location of the joint line. An elevation of the joint line primarily affected the patellofemoral joint with JCF increases of as much as 60% of the patient's body weight (BW) at 10‐mm JLE and 90% BW at 15‐mm JLE, while the largest increase in tibiofemoral JCF was only 14% BW. This data demonstrates the importance of restoring the joint line, as it plays a critical role for the magnitudes of the JCFs, particularly for the patellofemoral joint. JLE caused by managing distal femoral defects with downsizing and proximalizing the femoral component could increase the patellofemoral contact forces, and may be a contributing factor to postoperative complications such as pain, polyethylene wear, and limited function. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1–5, 2010
Absence of beta3 integrin accelerates early skeletal repair
Authors: Hu Diane , Lu Chuanyong , Sapozhnikova Anna , Barnett Michael , Sparrey Carolyn , Miclau Theodore , Marcucio Ralph S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntegrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that mediate cell–matrix interactions and modulate cell behavior. Beta3 subunit is a component of αIIβ3 and αVβ3 integrins. In this study, we first determined that β3 transcripts are expressed by cells within fracture calluses at 7 and 10 days after injury in a mouse model. We then analyzed fracture healing in mice deficient of β3 integrin with molecular, histomorphometric, and biomechanical techniques. We found that lack of β3 integrin results in an extended bleeding time and leads to more bone formation and accelerated cartilage maturation at 7 days after injury. However, β3 deficiency does not appear to affect later fracture healing. At days 14 and 21, histological appearance or biomechanical properties of fracture calluses are similar between wild type and mutant mice. We also found that altered fracture healing in β3‐null mice is not associated with accelerated angiogenesis, because no significant difference of length density and surface density of blood vessels in fracture limbs was detected at 3 days after injury between wild type and β3‐null mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that β3 integrin plays an important role during early fracture healing. Further research is required to determine the underlying mechanisms. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:32–37, 2010