bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships among knowledge, self‐efficacy, preparedness, decisional conflict, and decisions to participate in a cancer clinical trial
Authors: Miller S. M. , Hudson S. V. , Egleston B. L. , Manne S. , Buzaglo J. S. , Devarajan K. , Fleisher L. , Millard J. , Solarino N. , Trinastic J. , Meropol N. J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundCancer clinical trials (CCTs) are important tools in the development of improved cancer therapies; yet, participation is low. Key psychosocial barriers exist that appear to impact a patient's decision to participate. Little is known about the relationship among knowledge, self‐efficacy, preparation, decisional conflict, and patient decisions to take part in CCTs.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if preparation for consideration of a CCT as a treatment option mediates the relationship between knowledge, self‐efficacy, and decisional conflict. We also explored whether lower levels of decisional conflict are associated with greater likelihood of CCT enrollment.MethodIn a pre–post test intervention study, cancer patients (N = 105) were recruited before their initial consultation with a medical oncologist. A brief educational intervention was provided for all patients. Patient self‐report survey responses assessed knowledge, self‐efficacy, preparation for clinical trial participation, decisional conflict, and clinical trial participation.ResultsPreparation was found to mediate the relationship between self‐efficacy and decisional conflict (p = 0.003 for a test of the indirect mediational pathway for the decisional conflict total score). Preparation had a more limited role in mediating the effect of knowledge on decisional conflict. Further, preliminary evidence indicated that reduced decisional conflict was associated with increased clinical trial enrollment (p = 0.049).ConclusionsWhen patients feel greater CCT self‐efficacy and have more knowledge, they feel more prepared to make a CCT decision. Reduced decisional conflict, in turn, is associated with the decision to enroll in a clinical trial. Our results suggest that preparation for decision‐making should be a target of future interventions to improve participation in CCTs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydroxyl Radical Etching Improves Adhesion of Plasma‐Deposited a‐SiOxCyHz Films on Poly(Methylmethacrylate)
Authors: Hall Colin J. , Murphy Peter J. , Griesser Hans J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPlasma‐deposited thin films comprising a‐SiOxCyHz with some organic content are of considerable interest as protective coatings. Their application has, however, been hampered by marginal adhesion and durability on some substrates. This study found that optimal adhesion was achieved with plasma pre‐treatments utilising vapours from the alcohol family. Our data show that rapid initial etching of the substrate occurs, probably by action of hydroxyl radicals, followed by deposition of a layer some 10 nm thick which appears to provide a surface capable of strong interfacial bonding with a subsequently deposited a‐SiOxCyHz layer. Compared with non‐depositing plasma pre‐treatments, such dual action provides stronger adhesion on PMMA. This opens up new possibilities for applying protective hard coatings on PMMA.magnified image
Substrate recognition mechanism of a glycosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1
Authors: Okazaki Nobuo , Tamada Taro , Feese Michael D. , Kato Masaru , Miura Yutaka , Komeda Toshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuo , Kondo Keiji , Blaber Michael , Kuroki Ryota 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGlycosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (GTHase) is an α‐amylase that cleaves the α‐1,4 bond adjacent to the α‐1,1 bond of maltooligosyltrehalose to release trehalose. To investigate the catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms of GTHase, two residues, Asp252 (nucleophile) and Glu283 (general acid/base), located at the catalytic site of GTHase were mutated (Asp252→Ser (D252S), Glu (D252E) and Glu283→Gln (E283Q)), and the activity and structure of the enzyme were investigated. The E283Q, D252E, and D252S mutants showed only 0.04, 0.03, and 0.6% of enzymatic activity against the wild‐type, respectively. The crystal structure of the E283Q mutant GTHase in complex with the substrate, maltotriosyltrehalose (G3‐Tre), was determined to 2.6‐Å resolution. The structure with G3‐Tre indicated that GTHase has at least five substrate binding subsites and that Glu283 is the catalytic acid, and Asp252 is the nucleophile that attacks the C1 carbon in the glycosidic linkage of G3‐Tre. The complex structure also revealed a scheme for substrate recognition by GTHase. Substrate recognition involves two unique interactions: stacking of Tyr325 with the terminal glucose ring of the trehalose moiety and perpendicularly placement of Trp215 to the pyranose rings at the subsites −1 and +1 glucose.
In situ19F NMR studies of an E. coli membrane protein
Authors: Shi Pan , Li Dong , Chen Hongwei , Xiong Ying , Wang Yusong , Tian Changlin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this report, 19F spin incorporation in a specific site of a specific membrane protein in E. coli was accomplished via trifluoromethyl‐phenylalanine (19F‐tfmF). Site‐specific 19F chemical shifts and longitudinal relaxation times of diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK), an E. coli membrane protein, were measured in its native membrane using in situ magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Comparing with solution NMR data of the purified DAGK in detergent micelles, the in situ MAS‐NMR data illustrated that 19F chemical shift values of residues at different membrane protein locations were influenced by interactions between membrane proteins and their surrounding lipid or lipid mimic environments, while 19F side chain longitudinal relaxation values were probably affected by different interactions of DAGK with planar lipid bilayer versus globular detergent micelles.
Influence of process conditions on chemical composition and electronic properties of AlN thin films prepared by ArF reactive pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Cappelli E. , Trucchi D. M. , Orlando S. , Bellucci A. , Mezzi A. , Kaciulis S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAluminium nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited using a reactive ArF excimer pulsed laser ablation (PLD) of a pure Al target in a N2 plasma atmosphere, generated by a RF source, onto p‐Si <100> substrates, at increasing substrate temperatures. A radio‐frequency (13.56 MHz RF) apparatus was introduced with the specific aim of increasing the fraction of excited and/or ionized nitrogen species and, ultimately, to increase its reactivity toward the aluminum atoms, expanding in the plume, and the formation of AlN. We studied the dependence and correlation of structural, compositional and electric properties with the specific experimental conditions. The chemical composition of films, determined by XPS spectroscopy, revealed a trend of increased N2 reactivity, uptake and nitride formation, with deposition temperature. Electrical resistivity, measured by the four‐point‐probe method, has been found to be also strongly dependent on the substrate temperature and nitrogen incorporation. A possible explanation of the correlation of surface conductivity with chemical composition is suggested and discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of the Al content in AlGaN epitaxial layers by combined energy‐dispersive X‐ray and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope
Authors: Amari Houari , Kappers Menno J. , Humphreys Colin J. , Chèze Caroline , Walther Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to use the two main techniques in analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS), to investigate the elemental distribution in different aluminium gallium nitride epitaxial layers grown by different methods. It is shown that an accurate EDX quantification is obtained when beam broadening and fluorescence of stray X‐rays by the corundum substrate, Ga contamination due to focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation and thickness‐dependent k ‐factors are taken into account (T. Walther, Proc. EMAG 2009, Sheffield, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 241, 012016 (2010) [1]). The EDXS quantification results are then compared to EELS quantification results. Both, analysis of Al and Ga K‐lines by EDXS and analysis of Al K‐line and Ga L‐line in EELS can yield the Al content with a standard error of Δx ≈ 0.01–0.02 (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion implantation of Cd and Ag into AlN and GaN
Authors: Miranda S. M. C. , Kessler P. , Correia J. G. , Vianden R. , Johnston K. , Alves E. , Lorenz K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGaN and AlN thin films were implanted with cadmium (Cd) or silver (Ag), to fluences ranging from 1×1013 to 1.7 × 1015 at/cm2. The implanted samples were annealed at 950 °C under flowing nitrogen. While implantation damage could be fully removed for the lowest fluences, for higher fluences the crystal quality was only partially recovered. For the high fluence samples the lattice site location of the ions was studied by Rutherford Backscattering/channelling (RBS/C). Cd ions are found to be incorporated in substitutional cation sites (Al or Ga) while Ag is slightly displaced from this position. To further investigate the incorporation sites, Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) measurements were performed and the electric field gradients at the site of the probe nuclei were determined (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Initial experiments in the migration enhanced afterglow growth of gallium and indium nitride
Authors: Butcher Kenneth Scott A. , Alexandrov Dimiter , Terziyska Penka , Georgiev Vasil , Georgieva Dimka 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSome initial results are presented for gallium nitride and indium nitride thin films grown on c‐plane sapphire using a prototype migration enhanced afterglow (MEAglow) system. Smooth surfaces of less than 1 nm root mean square surface roughness have been achieved for both InN and GaN films at growth temperatures of 450‐560 °C and 665 °C respectively. This result is attributed to the increased adatom diffusion length allowed for the metal species during the growth process. Thicker GaN layers can now be grown than those previously reported. For InN, an impressive full width half maximum value of 290 arcsec has been achieved for the (0002) reflection using ω−2θ X‐ray diffraction scans. Greater progress has so far been achieved for the growth of InN films because of the relative ease with which thick layers of indium metal can be nitrided to form a good quality layer. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of single semiconductor nanowires by synchrotron radiation nanoprobe
Authors: Segura‐Ruiz J. , Martinez‐Criado G. , Chu M. H. , Tucoulou R. , Gomez‐Gomez M. , Garro N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, we report on the results of the characterization of single semiconductor nanowires by x‐ray fluorescence nanoprobe. Wurtzite InGaN and Co‐implanted ZnO single nanowires were studied. Ternary semiconductor nanowires show an axial inhomogeneous elemental distribution, with Ga accumulating at the bottom and In at the top of the wires. The ZnO NWs, on the other hand, show a homogeneous distribution of the Co implanted along the nanowires, without signatures of clustering or segregation effects induced by the implantation. No signatures of unintentional doping are observed neither in the InGaN nor the ZnO NWs. These overall results demonstrate the suitability of X‐ray fluorescence nanoprobe for the characterization of different semiconductor NWs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microwave Absorption Enhancement of Multifunctional Composite Microspheres with Spinel Fe3O4 Cores and Anatase TiO2 Shells
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Che Renchao , Chen Huajun , Zhang Fan , Xia Feng , Wu Qingsong , Wang Min 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMultifunctional composite microspheres with spinel Fe3O4 cores and anatase TiO2 shells (Fe3O4@TiO2) are synthesized by combining a solvothermal reaction and calcination process. The size, morphology, microstructure, phase purity, and magnetic properties are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM, selected‐area electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The results show that the as‐synthesized microspheres have a unique morphology, uniform size, good crystallinity, favorable superparamagnetism, and high magnetization. By varying the experimental conditions such as Fe3O4 size and concentration, microspheres with different core sizes and shell thickneses can be readily synthesized. Furthermore, the microwave absorption properties of these microspheres are investigated in terms of complex permittivity and permeability. By integration of the chemical composition and unique structure, the Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres possess lower reflection loss and a wider absorption frequency range than pure Fe3O4. Moreover, the electromagnetic data demonstrate that Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres with thicker TiO2 shells exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties compared to those with thinner TiO2 shells, which may result from effective complementarities between dielectric loss and magnetic loss. All the results indicate that these Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres may be attractive candidate materials for microwave absorption applications.
Reduced stress design of plates under biaxial compression
Authors: Braun Benjamin , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEuropean standard EN 1993‐1‐5 provides the effective width method and the reduced stress method as calculation methods for plate buckling assessment. This article focuses on the reduced stress method, for which the global slenderness concept was introduced into EN 1993‐1‐5. The concept offers advantages associated with today’s numerical procedures which allow the elastic critical load factor of the full stress field to be determined in a single step, thus taking interaction into account in a very elaborate way. However, this article shows that the interaction verification in its pure format based on the von Mises yield criterion is not able to represent the actual mechanical behaviour of biaxially compressed plates. A simple modification is proposed which leads to appropriate and plausible results.
Managing interdisciplinary applied research on sustainability in construction with the help of an innovation broker
Authors: Nuesse Gregor , Limbachiya Mukesh , Ellis Alan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe article reports on how the steel industry in Germany, as a key supplier of materials and innovations to the construction sector, is carrying out a comprehensive optimization of the management of pre‐competitive cooperative research (CR) on steel applications in the construction industry. A significant aspect of this is the central use of an innovation broker (IB) role throughout the innovation process. The varying project expectations of science and industry and the related IB tasks are identified as part of an interdisciplinary research cluster on the sustainability of steel in the construction industry. A task profile is drawn up for the IB in cooperative research on the basis of various key person concepts from industrial innovation research. It is expected that the consistent implementation of this profile will increase the innovation successes from CR between the steel industry and the construction sector.
Awaiting the 2012 European Football Championship: some features of the reconstruction of the stadium of the “Olympic” National Sports Centre in Kiev
Authors: Shimanovsky Aleksandr V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe article presents results of reconstruction and new construction works at the National Sports Center ”Olympic“ stadium in the city of Kyiv, which are being performed in Ukraine as preparations for the final tournament of the UEFA European Football Championship 2012. It describes conceptual designs and layouts involved. Totaling data are presented concerning the number of spectators, the built‐up areas, the infrastructure. Structural designs of steel and ferroconcrete constructions are described, results of their computational analysis are included The article also presents data regarding the manufacturing and erection of structures.
J. Heyrovský, Japan, and Organic Polarography
Authors: Zuman Petr 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolarography is an electroanalytical technique based on recording current‐voltage curves using a dropping mercury as the working electrode. It can be used for investigations of both reductions and oxidations of inorganic and organic species. Before WWII the developments of this technique linked Prague (in the then Czechoslovakia)
with Kyoto (in Japan, where reductions of organic compounds were first observed). After WWII wide use of this technique has developed, so that in the 1950s and 1960 it became the fifth most frequently used analytical technique. More recently the analytical applications were limited to those of heterogeneous solutions and analyses of some drugs. Its applications in physical organic chemistry involve studies of structure‐reactivity relationships and applications to investigations of equilibria and kinetics of rapidly or slowly established processes. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100042
Succinic acid fermentation in a stationary-basket bioreactor with a packed bed of immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes: 1. Influence of internal diffusion on substrate mass transfer and consumption rate
Authors: Galaction Anca-Irina , Kloetzer Lenuta , Turnea Marius , Webb Colin , Vlysidis Anestis , Caşcaval Dan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the study on external and internal mass transfers of glucose for succinic fermentation under substrate and product inhibitions using a bioreactor with a stationary basket bed of immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes cells. By means of the substrate mass balance for a single particle of biocatalysts, considering the Jerusalimsky kinetic model including both inhibitory effects, specific mathematical expressions have been developed for describing the profiles of the substrate concentrations and mass flows in the outer and inner regions of biocatalyst particles, as well as for estimating the influence of internal diffusion on glucose consumption rate. The results indicated that very low values of internal mass flow could be reached in the particles center. The corresponding region was considered biologically inactive, with its extent varying from 0.24% to 44% from the overall volume of each biocatalyst. By immobilization of bacterial cells and use of a basket bed, the rate of glucose consumption is reduced up to 200 times compared with the succinic fermentation system containing free cells.
Are internal manufacturing and external supply chain flexibilities complementary capabilities?
Authors: Malhotra Manoj K. , Mackelprang Alan W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractManufacturing flexibility is often viewed as a strategic capability that enables firms to more effectively meet heterogeneous market demands arising, in part, from increased product proliferation. However, recent studies suggest that the operational challenges associated with meeting this objective may be heavily dependent not only upon a firm's internal modification, mix, and new product flexibilities, but also upon the flexibility of its inbound and outbound supply chain partners. Drawing upon the theory of Complementarity, we examine if simultaneous utilization of both internal and external flexibilities does in fact create synergies that can improve a firm's delivery performance. Based on a sample of 158 U.S. manufacturing plants, we find that the extent to which performance enhancing synergies are generated is primarily dependent upon the type of internal flexibility that is paired with supply chain flexibilities. Additionally, we find that when synergies do exist, external supplier and logistics flexibilities generally tend to enhance the scope of flexible response, while internal flexibilities generally tend to enhance the achievability of a flexible response. Taken together, our findings suggest that the ability of firms to actually reap the synergistic benefits of an integrated system of supply chain flexibility is much more complex and nuanced than previously believed or expected.
ON GROUPS WITH A FINITE NUMBER OF NORMALISERS
Authors: ZARRIN MOHAMMAD 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGroups having exactly one normaliser are well known. They are the Dedekind groups. All finite groups having exactly two normalisers were classified by Pérez-Ramos [‘Groups with two normalizers’, Arch. Math.50 (1988), 199–203], and Camp-Mora [‘Locally finite groups with two normalizers’, Comm. Algebra28 (2000), 5475–5480] generalised that result to locally finite groups. Then Tota [‘Groups with a finite number of normalizer subgroups’, Comm. Algebra32 (2004), 4667–4674] investigated properties (such as solubility) of arbitrary groups with two, three and four normalisers. In this paper we prove that every finite group with at most 20 normalisers is soluble. Also we characterise all nonabelian simple (not necessarily finite) groups with at most 57 normalisers.
The Grenville–Sveconorwegian orogen in the high Arctic
Authors: LORENZ HENNING , GEE DAVID G. , LARIONOV ALEXANDER N. , MAJKA JAROSLAW 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThroughout the high Arctic, from northern Canada (Pearya) to eastern Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Taimyr and Severnaya Zemlya and, at lower Arctic latitudes, in the Urals and the Scandinavian Caledonides, there is evidence of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen. The latest orogenic phase (c. 950 Ma) is well exposed in the Arctic, but only minor Mesoproterozoic fragments of this orogen occur on land. However, detrital zircons in Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic successions provide unambiguous Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic (c. 950 Ma) signatures. This evidence strongly suggests that the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen continues northwards from type areas in southeastern Canada and southwestern Scandinavia, via the North Atlantic margins to the high Arctic continental shelves. The widespread distribution of late Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons far to the north of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian type areas is usually explained in terms of long-distance transport (thousands of kilometres) of either sediments by river systems from source to sink, or of slices of lithosphere (terranes) moved on major transcurrent faults. Both of these interpretations involve much greater complexity than the hypothesis favoured here, the former involving recycling of the zircons from the strata of initial deposition into those of their final residence and the latter requiring a diversity of microcontinents. Neither explains either the fragmentary evidence for the presence of Grenville–Sveconorwegian terranes in the high Arctic, or the composition of the basement of the continental shelves. The presence of the Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen in the Arctic, mainly within the hinterland and margins of the Caledonides and Timanides, has profound implications not only for the reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent in early Neoproterozoic time, but also the origin of these Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic mountain belts.