bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia and Analgesia–Related Preferences and Outcomes of Women Who Have Birth Plans
Authors: Pennell Angela , Salo‐Coombs Victoria , Herring Amy , Spielman Fred , Fecho Karamarie 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: This study described anesthesia and analgesia–related preferences and outcomes of women who used a birth plan for labor and birth. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted (N = 63). Data were abstracted from medical records, birth plans, and a follow‐up survey. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: Women who elected birth plans were primarily white, college‐educated, primigravida, and under the care of a certified nurse‐midwife. One‐third of births were induced, 10% required instrumentation, and 29% were cesarean births. Nearly every birth was associated with at least 1 labor and birth complication, although most complications were minor. Analgesic preferences were reported to be the most important birth plan request. Greater than 50% of women requested to avoid epidural analgesia; however, 65% of women received epidural analgesia. On follow‐up, greater than 90% of women who received epidural analgesia reported being pleased. The majority of women agreed that the birth plan enhanced their birth experiences, added control, clarified their thoughts, and improved communication with their health care providers. Discussion: Anesthesia and analgesia–related preferences were an important component of the birth plans. The majority of women favorably viewed the use of a birth plan, whether or not preferences were fulfilled or complications occurred.
The North American horticultural industry and the risk of plant invasion
Authors: Barbier Edward B. , Gwatipedza Johnson , Knowler Duncan , Reichard Sarah H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe develop a monopolistic competition model of the horticultural industry and estimate the resulting profit function with U.S. and Canadian industry data. Combining the results with a hazard analysis of the characteristics of exotic plants introduced in North America, we explore optimal tax simulations for internalizing the risk and costs of a potential plant invasion. If the share of the exotic plant sales in final profits is large, then the resulting annual fee will be high, discouraging the expansion of the nursery industry. However, the annual revenues could fund efforts to mitigate the damages resulting from any accidental plant invasion.
Interpreting oral health‐related quality of life data
Authors: Tsakos Georgios , Allen P. Finbarr , Steele Jimmy G. , Locker David 
Published: November 2011

Tsakos G, Allen PF, Steele JG, Locker D. Interpreting oral health‐related quality of life data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – The most common way of presenting data from studies using quality of life or patient‐based outcome (PBO) measures is in terms of mean scores along with testing the statistical significance of differences in means. We argue that this is insufficient in and of itself and call for a more comprehensive and thoughtful approach to the reporting and interpretation of data. PBO scores (and their means for that matter) are intrinsically meaningless, and differences in means between groups mask important and potentially different patterns in response within groups. More importantly, they are difficult to interpret because of the absence of a meaningful benchmark. The minimally important difference (MID) provides that benchmark to assist interpretability. This commentary discusses different approaches (distribution‐based and anchor‐based) and specific methods for assessing the MID in both longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies, and suggests minimum standards for reporting and interpreting PBO measures in an oral health context.
Phytoremediation potential of three aquatic macrophytes in manganese‐contaminated water
Authors: Hua Jianfeng , Zhang Chuisheng , Yin Yunlong , Chen Ruirui , Wang Xingxiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractManganese (Mn) uptake capacities of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and slligator alternenthera (Alternanthera philoxeroides) were investigated with four Mn levels: 0(control), 50, 200, 400 mg/L. With increased Mn exposure, the tested plants showed similar responses with a decrease in relative growth rate and an increase in plant Mn concentrations. Comparatively, water lettuce had the significantly higher total Mn concentrations, shoots enrichment factor and translocation factor at all Mn‐treated treatments and the much greater total Mn removal at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/L Mn. In most cases, Mn pollution significantly decreased Mg concentrations for all three plants. Concomitantly, increment trends of Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations were observed for water lettuce with the increasing external Mn concentrations, which could partly contribute to its higher Mn concentrations. The results indicated that water lettuce have standout potentials as a phytoremediation plant for Mn contaminated waters.
Medical problems and oral care of patients with Down syndrome: a literature review
Authors: Abanto Jenny , Ciamponi Ana Lidia , Francischini Elizabeth , Murakami Christiana , de Rezende Nathalie Pepe Medeiros , Gallottini Marina 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWhen planning the dental treatment of patients with Down syndrome (DS), dental practitioners should always consider their general health, in order to achieve a holistic and interdisciplinary approach. This article presents a literature review of the primary medical conditions in patients with DS that may affect their general health care and the appropriate clinical delivery of oral health care.
Potent Intratype Neutralizing Activity Distinguishes Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) from HIV-1
Authors: Özkaya Şahin Gülşen , Holmgren Birgitta , da Silva Zacarias , Nielsen Jens , Nowroozalizadeh Salma , Esbjörnsson Joakim , Månsson Fredrik , Andersson Sören , Norrgren Hans , Aaby Peter , Jansson Marianne , Fenyö Eva Maria 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
HIV-2 has a lower pathogenicity and transmission rate than HIV-1. Neutralizing antibodies could be contributing to these observations. Here we explored side by side the potency and breadth of intratype and intertype neutralizing activity (NAc) in plasma of 20 HIV-1-, 20 HIV-2-, and 11 dually HIV-1/2 (HIV-D)-seropositive individuals from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Panels of primary isolates, five HIV-1 and five HIV-2 isolates, were tested in a plaque reduction assay using U87.CD4-CCR5 cells as targets. Intratype NAc in HIV-2 plasma was found to be considerably more potent and also broader than intratype NAc in HIV-1 plasma. This indicates that HIV-2-infected individuals display potent type-specific neutralizing antibodies, whereas such strong type-specific antibodies are absent in HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, the potency of intratype NAc was positively associated with the viral load of HIV-1 but not HIV-2, suggesting that NAc in HIV-1 infection is more antigen stimulation dependent than in HIV-2 infection, where plasma viral loads typically are at least 10-fold lower than in HIV-1 infection. Intertype NAc of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections was, instead, of low potency. HIV-D subjects had NAc to HIV-2 with similar high potency as singly HIV-2-infected individuals, whereas neutralization of HIV-1 remained poor, indicating that the difference in NAc between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections depends on the virus itself. We suggest that immunogenicity and/or antigenicity, meaning the neutralization phenotype, of HIV-2 is distinct from that of HIV-1 and that HIV-2 may display structures that favor triggering of potent neutralizing antibody responses.
Impact of Host Proteases on Reovirus Infection in the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Nygaard Rachel M. , Golden Joseph W. , Schiff Leslie A. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Virion uncoating is an essential early event in reovirus infection. In natural enteric infections, rapid proteolytic uncoating of virions is mediated by pancreatic serine proteases. The proteases that promote reovirus disassembly and cell entry in the respiratory tract remain unknown. In this report, we show that endogenous respiratory and inflammatory proteases can promote reovirus infection
in vitro
and that preexisting inflammation augments
in vivo
infection in the murine respiratory tract.
A comparative study of prothrombin complex concentrates and freshfrozen plasma for warfarin reversal under static and flow conditions
Authors: Ogawa Satoru , Szlam Fania , Ohnishi Tomoko , Molinaro Ross , Hosokawa Kazuya , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: November 2011

SummaryProthrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) have been clinically used for acute warfarin reversal. The recovery of prothrombin time (PT) or international normalised ratio (INR) is often reported as an endpoint, but haemostatic efficacies of PCCs and FFP may not be fully reflected in static clotting test in platelet-poor plasma. Using various in vitro assays, we compared the effects of two PCC preparations (3-factor PCC; Bebulin and 4-factor PCC; Beriplex) and FFP on warfarin reversal under static and flow conditions. First, we added an aliquot of either PCC (0.3 or 0.72 U/ml) or 20% FFP (v/v) to commercial warfarin plasma (INR 3.2, or 10.3), and then measured PT, factor II, factor VII, and thrombin generation. Subsequently, we collected whole blood samples from six consented warfarin-treated patients with mean INR 3.0 ± 0.5 (range 2.5–3.7), and compared clot formation under flow conditions at 280 s-1 before and after addition of either PCC preparation (0.3 and 0.6 U/ml) or 20% of FFP (v/v). PT/INR were restored by either PCC in plasma with INR 3.0, but they were more effectively corrected by 4-factor PCC than 3-factor PCC in plasma with INR 10.3. Effects of FFP were similar to 0.3U/ml of PCCs in terms of PT, but FFP was less efficacious than PCCs in recovering thrombin generation or factor II levels. In flow experiments, the onset of thrombus formation was shortened by either PCC, but not by FFP, contrary to shortened PT values. For warfarin reversal 20% volume replacement with FFP is inferior to PCCs.
Role of newly formed platelets in thrombus formation in rat after clopidogrel treatment: comparison to the reversible binding P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor
Authors: Megens Remco , Nikookhesal Elham , Feijge Marion , De Mey J. G. R. , oude Egbrink Mirjam , van Giezen J. J. J. , Heemskerk Johan , Kuijpers Marijke 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPlatelet P2Y12 receptors play an important role in arterial thrombosis by stimulating thrombus growth. Both irreversibly (clopidogrel) and reversibly binding (ticagrelor, AZD6140) P2Y12 antagonists are clinically used for restricted periods, but possible differences in platelet function recovery after drug cessation have not been investigated. We treated WKY rats with a single, high dose of 200 mg/kg clopidogrel or 40 mg/ kg ticagrelor. Blood was collected at different time points after treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed full platelet protection against ADP-induced αIIbβ3 activation shortly after clopidogrel or ticagrelor treatment. At later time points after clopidogrel treatment, a subpopulation of juvenile platelets appeared that was fully responsive to ADP. Addition of ticagrelor to clopidogrel-treated blood reduced αIIbβ3 activation of the unprotected platelets. In contrast, at later time points after ticagrelor treatment, all platelets gradually lost their protection against ADP activation. Perfusion experiments showed abolishment of thrombus formation shortly after clopidogrel or ticagrelor treatment. Thrombus formation on collagen was determined under high shear flow conditions. At later time points, large thrombi formed in the clopidogrel but not in the ticagrelor group, and unprotected, juvenile platelets preferentially incorporated into the formed thrombi. However, platelets from both groups were still similarly reduced in assays of whole blood aggregation. Conclusively, recovery of rat platelet function after ticagrelor differs mechanistically from that after clopidogrel. This difference is masked by conventional platelet aggregation methods, but is revealed by thrombus formation measurement under flow. Juvenile platelets formed at later time points after clopidogrel treatment promoted thrombus formation.
Complexity of Snow Schemes in a Climate Model and Its Impact on Surface Energy and Hydrology
Authors: Dutra Emanuel , Viterbo Pedro , Miranda Pedro M. A. , Balsamo Gianpaolo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Three different complexity snow schemes implemented in the ECMWF land surface scheme Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme of Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) are evaluated within the EC-EARTH climate model. The snow schemes are (i) the original HTESSEL single-bulk-layer snow scheme, (ii) a new snow scheme in operations at ECMWF since September 2009, and (iii) a multilayer version of the previous. In offline site simulations, the multilayer scheme outperforms the single-layer schemes in deep snowpack conditions through its ability to simulate sporadic melting events thanks to the lower thermal inertial of the uppermost layer. Coupled atmosphere–land/snow simulations performed by the EC-EARTH climate model are validated against remote sensed snow cover and surface albedo. The original snow scheme has a systematic early melting linked to an underestimation of surface albedo during spring that was partially reduced with the new snow schemes. A key process to improve the realism of the near-surface atmospheric temperature and at the same time the soil freezing is the thermal insulation of the snowpack (tightly coupled with the accuracy of snow mass and density simulations). The multilayer snow scheme outperforms the single-layer schemes in open deep snowpack (such as prairies or tundra in northern latitudes) and is instead comparable in shallow snowpack conditions. However, the representation of orography in current climate models implies limitations for accurately simulating the snowpack, particularly over complex terrain regions such as the Rockies and the Himalayas.
Role of the Rossby Waves in the Broadening of an Eastward Jet
Authors: Mizuta Genta 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the Rossby waves on an eastward jet such as the Kuroshio or Gulf Stream Extensions, a series of numerical experiments is conducted using a primitive equation model. In these experiments, an inflow and an outflow imposed on the western and eastern boundaries drive an unstable narrow jet and a broad interior flow in the western and eastern regions of the model domain, respectively. The barotropic Rossby waves are radiated from the transient region between the two regions. The eddy potential vorticity flux by the waves tends to compensate for the difference in the mean potential vorticity along mean streamlines between both sides of the transient region. Instability of the jet is insufficient for this compensation and weakens the mean potential vorticity gradient too much. Moreover, as the potential vorticity of the outflow is increased, the Rossby waves are intensified in order to compensate for the increase in the difference in the mean potential vorticity. These features strongly suggest that the Rossby waves are substantial in matching a jet with an interior flow. The speed of the waves and properties of eddies in recirculations of the jet are consistent with a two-layer analytic model, which indicates that the Rossby waves are radiated from eddies in recirculations. These eddies as well as the Rossby waves increase in amplitude with the transport of the recirculation near the surface presumably because of mean advection. Therefore, the mean potential vorticity of the interior flow, the intensity of the Rossby waves, and the transport of the recirculation change consistently with one another.
Experimental antibacterial and mineralizing calcium phosphate-based treatment for dentin surfaces
Authors: Gu Haijing , Mijares Dindo , Zhao Ziming , Boylan Robert , Ling Junqi , LeGeros Racquel Z 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of experimental calcium phosphate-based solutions (sCaP) containing fluoride (F), with and without zinc (Zn) ions on reducing susceptibility to acid dissolution and Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) colonization of dentin surfaces. Methods: Dentin sections were treated with double distilled water (control) and with sCaP solutions differing in pH and in F− and/or Zn2+ ion concentrations. Solutions A (pH 7); B, C, and D (pH 5.5); solution C, twice Zn2+ and F− ion concentration compared to B; solution D is similar to C but without Zn2+. The dentin surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution was determined in acidic buffer. Bacterial ( S. mutans) attachment and growth were evaluated using SEM and Bioquant. Statistical analyses applied analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple Range test. Results: Compared to control, dentin surfaces treated with sCaP solutions showed: (a) occluded dentin tubules; (b)reduced susceptibility to acid dissolution; and (c) Zn2+ ions were more effective than F− ions in inhibiting bacterial colonization. Significance: Acidic sCaP containing both F and Zn ions have mineralizing, acid resistance, and antibacterial effects and may be potentially useful as a strategy against dentin caries formation and progression.
The Status of Diachronic Buccalizations in Germanic
Authors: Hall Tracy Alan 
Published: November 2011

A common sound change involves the Debuccalization of a fricative such as [x] to a laryngeal like [h]. A controversial question is whether or not the reverse development is attested as well, i. e. the Buccalization of [h] to a sound with a supralaryngeal articulation like [x]. Vennemann (Language 48: 863–892, 1972) proposes an approach according to which [x] can debuccalize into [h], but the latter sound cannot buccalize into [x]. By contrast, Howell (Old English Breaking and its Germanic Analogues, Tübingen, 1991) advocates a model which allows for both Debuccalizations and Buccalizations.
The present article critically examines the status of Buccalizations which have been argued to have transpired in the history of Germanic with the intention of clarifying which approach is correct. It will be argued that the change from [h] to a sound like [x] is only attested under the following two conditions: (a) the change is analogical, or (b) the change involves the shift from one allophone of a phoneme to another allophone of the same phoneme. All examples in Howell (Old English Breaking and its Germanic Analogues, Tübingen, 1991) which cannot be attributed to (a) or (b) will be shown to have an independent explanation not requiring the sound change from [h] into [x].
The Effects of Delays in the Dissemination and Usage of Broadband Internet
Authors: Gryczka Marcin 
Published: November 2011

The Effects of Delays in the Dissemination and Usage of Broadband InternetInformation and telecommunication technology development is undeniably one of the most important factors for global knowledge diffusion and digital society creation processes in the contemporary world economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze ICT infrastructure advances having taken place in the European Union, Japan and the United States in last fifteen years, and - based on the analysis results - to specify the most significant, present and potential future problems for Polish economy due to its ICT usage backwardness. While ICT infrastructure development level in Poland is closing to the EU averages, still the vital issue is lack of Internet usage possibilities and increasing digital divide between urban and rural regions, which in the near future can constrain a socioeconomic growth and competitiveness of Polish economy.
Vingt-cinq ans d'immigration dans les pays industriels européens : esquisse de démographie sociale
Authors: George Pierre 
Published: November 2011

Twenty-five years of immigration to European industrial countries.
The author draws a retrospective picture of the major migratory movements in industrial Europe since the second world war. Movements of refugees and economic migrations due to the rebuilding of the European economies have marked the fifties and the sixties. However, the economic slump following upon the first oil crisis has somewhat changed the conditions of international migration towards European countries. With this change of conditions, the characteristics and the problems of this immigrant population have been transformed.
Contrebande et contre-société communiste. Éléments d'une culture frontalière
Authors: Hastings Michel 
Published: November 2011

Contraband and communist counter-society ; elements of a borderer culture.
The author proposes the study of the structure's incidence of a boundary on the definition of a local character, of which contraband and communism could be the two most original expressions. After 1919, the entrance of Halluin (a town in the North of France) in the communist ideology establishes a sort of continuity with the contraband's practice, giving to it a new signifiance : from a transgression with a commercial character, we obtain another one with a political expression, a new way for this working and borderer population to declare its identity. Contraband and communism make a very particular cultural space (organization, hierarchy, vocabulary...).
De la description empirique à l'analyse quantitative multivariée : un progrès méthodologique important en démogéographie
Authors: Renard Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2011

From empirical description to multivaried quantitative analysis: a major methodological progress in demogeography.
J.P. Renard draws several lessons from his ten-year-practice of quantitative treatment of data and from his readings on the subject. The fundamental question he suggests the participants to reflect on is the following: Has data processing allowed the geographer and the demogeographer to clearly progress in the methodological sphere? Has factorial and typological analyses — the most frequently used in France since 1970 — helped the research worker to push away the monographic temptation? Whatever one's position towards one's work tools, one is compelled to acknowledge a fact: the use of statistics and mathematics has forced us to go back and forth between abstract data and the concrete field. This back-and-forth movement has trained us to look for a new balance between the observable concrete case and theoretical reflection which appears more and more indispensable.
Pour une recherche géographique sur les structures familiales
Authors: Bertrand Jean-René 
Published: November 2011

Geographical study on familial structures.
Presentation of statistical sources and their cartographic treatment in connection with a study conducted in the Maine-et-Loire department, on the relations between the size of families and their social composition. The study of spatial distribution calls for a thorough research on the socio-professional structures of populations and on demographic behaviours.
The impact of international migration on the urban structure of Amman
Authors: Findlay Allan , Samha Musa 
Published: November 2011

L'impact des migrations internationales sur la structure urbaine d'amman
Peu de pays exportateurs de main-d'œuvre sont aussi profondément touchés par la migration internationale que la Jordanie. En 1976, les transferts de revenus des travailleurs migrants ont représenté 24% du Produit National Brut. Cette communication examine l'influence de la migration internationale sur l'urbanisation, en étudiant premièrement la nature de l'émigration jordanienne et palestinienne et l'impact des investissements immobiliers des travailleurs migrants. Deuxièmement, la communication analyse les résultats d'une enquête à Amman qui a essayé d'identifier les manifestations morphologiques de l'urbanisation résultant de l'utilisation des transferts de revenus pour le logement.