bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmol used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus induced keratitis
Authors: Xu Huanhuan , Zhou Nan , Huang Zhenping , Wu Jing , Qian Yajie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the eyes results in herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), which has led to vision loss and even blindness in patients. However, the rate of drug resistance in HSV is on the rise; therefore, new antiviral agents with sufficient safety profiles must be developed. At present, we assessed the anti-HSV-1 activity of 502 natural compounds and their ability to reduce the HSV-1-induced cytopathic effect. We chose harmol for further studies because it exhibited the highest antiviral activity. We found that harmol inhibited both HSV-1 F and HSV-1/153 (a clinical drug-resistant strain) replication, with an EC50 of 9.34 µM and 5.84 µM, respectively. Moreover, harmol reduced HSV-1 replication in corneal tissues and viral progeny production in tears, and also alleviated early corneal surface lesions related to HSK. For example, harmol treatment preserved corneal thickness and nerve density in HSK mice. Interestingly, harmol also showed a promising antiviral effect on HSV-1/153 induced HSK in mouse model. Furthermore, harmol combined with acyclovir (ACV) treatment showed a greater antiviral effect than either one alone in vitro. Therefore, harmol may be a promising therapeutic agent for managing HSK.
A non-invasive preoperative prediction model for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer based on a machine learning approach: combining ultrasonographic parameters and breast gamma specific imaging features
Authors: Cai Ranze , Deng Li , Zhang Hua , Zhang Hongwei , Wu Qian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The most common route of breast cancer metastasis is through the mammary lymphatic network. An accurate assessment of the axillary lymph node (ALN) burden before surgery can avoid unnecessary axillary surgery, consequently preventing surgical complications. In this study, we aimed to develop a non-invasive prediction model incorporating breast specific gamma image (BSGI) features and ultrasonographic parameters to assess axillary lymph node status.

Materials and methods
Cohorts of breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2021 were created (The training set included 1104 ultrasound images and 940 BSGI images from 235 patients, the test set included 568 ultrasound images and 296 BSGI images from 99 patients) for the development of the prediction model. six machine learning (ML) methods and recursive feature elimination were trained in the training set to create a strong prediction model. Based on the best-performing model, we created an online calculator that can make a linear predictor in patients easily accessible to clinicians. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve are used to verify the model performance respectively and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the model.

Results
Six ultrasonographic parameters (transverse diameter of tumour, longitudinal diameter of tumour, lymphatic echogenicity, transverse diameter of lymph nodes, longitudinal diameter of lymph nodes, lymphatic color Doppler flow imaging grade) and one BSGI features (axillary mass status) were selected based on the best-performing model. In the test set, the support vector machines’ model showed the best predictive ability (AUC = 0.794, sensitivity = 0.641, specificity = 0.8, PPV = 0.676, NPV = 0.774 and accuracy = 0.737). An online calculator was established for clinicians to predict patients’ risk of ALN metastasis (https://wuqian.shinyapps.io/shinybsgi/). The result in ROC showed the model could benefit from incorporating BSGI feature.

Conclusion
This study developed a non-invasive prediction model that incorporates variables using ML method and serves to clinically predict ALN metastasis and help in selection of the appropriate treatment option.
Objective and automatic assessment approach for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on skeleton detection and classification analysis in outpatient videos
Authors: Ouyang Chen-Sen , Yang Rei-Cheng , Wu Rong-Ching , Chiang Ching-Tai , Chiu Yi-Hung , Lin Lung-Chang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria by using subjective observations and information provided by parents and teachers. However, subjective analysis often leads to overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. There are two types of motor abnormalities in patients with ADHD. First, hyperactivity with fidgeting and restlessness is the major diagnostic criterium for ADHD. Second, developmental coordination disorder characterized by deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is not the major criterium for ADHD. In this study, a machine learning-based approach was proposed to evaluate and classify 96 patients into ADHD (48 patients, 26 males and 22 females, with mean age: 7y6m) and non-ADHD (48 patients, 26 males and 22 females, with mean age: 7y8m) objectively and automatically by quantifying their movements and evaluating the restlessness scales.

Methods
This approach is mainly based on movement quantization through analysis of variance in patients’ skeletons detected in outpatient videos. The patients’ skeleton sequence in the video was detected using OpenPose and then characterized using 11 values of feature descriptors. A classification analysis based on six machine learning classifiers was performed to evaluate and compare the discriminating power of different feature combinations.

Results
The results revealed that compared with the non-ADHD group, the ADHD group had significantly larger means in all cases of single feature descriptors. The single feature descriptor “thigh angle”, with the values of 157.89 ± 32.81 and 15.37 ± 6.62 in ADHD and non-ADHD groups (p < 0.0001), achieved the best result (optimal cutoff, 42.39; accuracy, 91.03%; sensitivity, 90.25%; specificity, 91.86%; and AUC, 94.00%).

Conclusions
The proposed approach can be used to evaluate and classify patients into ADHD and non-ADHD objectively and automatically and can assist physicians in diagnosing ADHD.
Blocking miR396 activity by overexpression MIM396 improved switchgrass tiller number and biomass yield
Authors: Xu Mingzhi , Li Lin , Yan Jianping , Li Dayong , Liu Yaling , Zhang Wanjun , Liu Yanrong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
MicroRNA396 (miR396) plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development by repressing the expression level of its target growth-regulating factor (GRF) family genes. In our previous study, we found that overexpression of miR396 negatively regulated both tillering and biomass yield in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). We, therefore, speculated that blocking the expression of miR396 could enhance switchgrass tillering and biomass yield. Here, we produced transgenic switchgrass plants overexpressing a target mimicry form of miR396 (MIM396) in wild type (WT) and Os-MIR319b overexpressing switchgrass plant (with higher enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, but reduced tillering), in which the expression of miR396 was blocked. The phenotype and biological yields of these plants were analyzed.

Results
Blocking miR396 to improve its target PvGRFs expression in switchgrass improved the tiller number and dry weight of transgenic plants. Further morphological analysis revealed that MIM396 plants increased the number of aerial branches and basal tillers compared to those of wild-type plants. The enzymatic efficiency of MIM396 plants was reduced; however, the total sugar production per plant was still significantly higher than that of wild-type plants due to the increase in biomass. In addition, blocking miR396 in a transgenic switchgrass plant overexpressing Os-MIR319b (TG21-Ms) significantly increased the PvGRF1/3/5 expression level and tiller number and biomass yield. The miR156-target gene PvSPL4, playing a negative role in aerial and basal buds outgrowth, showed significant downregulated in MIM396 and TG21-Ms. Those results indicate that miR396-PvGRFs, through disrupting the PvSPL4 expression, are involved in miR319-PvPCFs in regulating tiller number, at least partly.

Conclusions
MIM396 could be used as a molecular tool to improving tiller number and biomass yield in switchgrass wild type and miR319b transgenic plants. This finding may be applied to other graminaceous plants to regulate plant biological yield.
Epidemiological trends in psoriatic arthritis: a comprehensive population-based study
Authors: Haddad Amir , Elkayam Perach Chen , Stein Nili , Feldhamer Ilan , Cohen Arnon Dov , Saliba Walid , Zisman Devy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, potentially debilitating inflammatory arthritis often associated with psoriasis. Understanding the epidemiology of PsA across diverse populations can provide valuable insights into its global burden and the role of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to estimate PsA’s temporal trends, prevalence, and incidence, while assessing variations in age, gender, and ethnicity in Israel from 2016 to 2022.

Methods
Data were sourced from the Clalit Health Services (CHS) database, covering over half of the Israeli population. Algorithm-based definitions for PsA and psoriasis cases were used. Demographic factors, including age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity, urban/rural residence, BMI, and smoking status, were analyzed. Standardized prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Logistic regression analyses examined associations of sociodemographic variables with PsA.

Results
In 2022, the prevalence of PsA was 0.221%, with an incidence rate of 13.54 per 100,000 population. This prevalence has tripled since 2006, reflecting a rising trend in PsA over time. Females exhibited a higher prevalence (1.15; 95%CI 1.09–1.21), and PsA was more common in Jewish individuals (1.58; 95%CI 1.45–1.71) those with higher SES (1.4; 95% CI 1.31, 1.5), and those with obesity (2.17; 95%CI 2.04–2.31).

Conclusions
This comprehensive population-based study pointed to an increase prevalence of PsA, emphasizing the rising healthcare demands and economic burden faced by this patient population. Further research is essential to delve into the factors driving these trends.
TransExION: a transformer based explainable similarity metric for comparing IONS in tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bui-Thi Danh , Liu Youzhong , Lippens Jennifer L. , Laukens Kris , De Vijlder Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small molecule identification is a crucial task in analytical chemistry and life sciences. One of the most commonly used technologies to elucidate small molecule structures is mass spectrometry. Spectral library search of product ion spectra (MS/MS) is a popular strategy to identify or find structural analogues. This approach relies on the assumption that spectral similarity and structural similarity are correlated. However, popular spectral similarity measures, usually calculated based on identical fragment matches between the MS/MS spectra, do not always accurately reflect the structural similarity. In this study, we propose TransExION, a Transformer based Explainable similarity metric for IONS. TransExION detects related fragments between MS/MS spectra through their mass difference and uses these to estimate spectral similarity. These related fragments can be nearly identical, but can also share a substructure. TransExION also provides a post-hoc explanation of its estimation, which can be used to support scientists in evaluating the spectral library search results and thus in structure elucidation of unknown molecules. Our model has a Transformer based architecture and it is trained on the data derived from GNPS MS/MS libraries. The experimental results show that it improves existing spectral similarity measures in searching and interpreting structural analogues as well as in molecular networking.

Scientific Contribution
We propose a transformer-based spectral similarity metrics that improves the comparison of small molecule tandem mass spectra. We provide a post hoc explanation that can serve as a good starting point for unknown spectra annotation based on database spectra.
Revealing the unseen: advanced digital imaging and spectroscopy for the documentation and non-invasive analysis of a 16th-century Cypriot composite icon
Authors: Zaprzalska Dorota , Georgiou Ropertos , Gasanova Svetlana , Bakirtzis Nikolas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on an icon known as the Panagia Valieriotissa at the Church of Saint Nicholas in Palodeia, Cyprus. The icon is unusual as it contains two depictions of the Virgin Mary and Child. The main aim of this study is to analyze the material characteristics of the icon and the relation of the two panels in order to determine if the icon belongs to a distinct category of paintings known as “composite icons” – icons consisting of two separate panels, one inserted into another. Icons of this unusual type, first described by Panayotis Vocotopoulos, appear to be quite numerous on Cyprus and date mostly to the sixteenth century. Results show that the icon can be included within this group, consequently enriching our knowledge on the materials, technologies, and techniques used in the creation of composite icons. Driven by art historical inquiries, the study’s methodological approach was based on the integration of digital imaging techniques with non-invasive and non-destructive material analyses pursued by the Andreas Pittas Art Characterization Laboratories (APAC Labs) of the Cyprus Institute. Spectroscopic techniques, digital microscopy and advanced digital imaging methods produced a broad range of data which were analyzed and interpreted from both an art-historical and a conservation perspective towards a better understanding of the materiality of the Palodeia icon and its subsequent history and use. The imaging and spectroscopic methods used provided new information on the materials and techniques used by the painters as well as on later undocumented episodes of restoration or repainting. Overall, the results showed that the icon indeed consists of two separate icons – a larger panel and a smaller, re-used icon inserted into the former. Moreover, some important distinctive features of the inset icon, invisible to the naked eye, reveal its possible previous use and dating. The study brought to light the great potential of non-invasive methods in the revealing and analysis of unknown aspects of composite icons, thus shedding light on this fascinating phenomenon, but it can also interest a broader group of researchers into the exciting new possibilities as well as the limitations of non-invasive methods for the study of works of art and heritage objects.
Interactive 360° media for the dissemination of endangered world heritage sites: the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria
Authors: Dieb Rida , Alsalloum Ataa , Webb Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the onset of conflict in Syria in 2011, several heritage sites have suffered partial or complete destruction. The ancient city of Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980, was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2013, alongside five other Syrian heritage sites. Between 2015 and 2017, Palmyra experienced the loss of nearly 40% of its historic buildings and landmarks. The site’s remote location and ongoing armed conflict pose additional challenges in accessing and preserving it.This paper introduces an interactive online platform employing 360° media to document and disseminate information about the world heritage site of Palmyra. The platform contributes to the safeguarding process of Palmyra, facilitating public engagement and interaction with the site. It also has potential applications for other sites in Syria and beyond. The platform allows users to explore both archival and current information of damaged historical monuments and buildings, revealing their layered histories before and after demolition. Employing interactive 360° media, similar to applications like Google Street View, the platform offers a reality-based digital environment. Users can virtually move into different buildings or follow specific pathways within the site, accessing archival information and documentation about particular monuments and buildings along their journey.This project serves as a unique informational resource for decision-makers and policy planners, aiding in the understanding of the site and the development of relevant strategies and recommendations. It also proves beneficial as an educational tool. The collective understanding fostered by this platform is expected to positively influence post-conflict restoration and reconstruction plans, making it an invaluable asset for research and educational purposes.
Analysis of Treatment Strategies and Outcomes in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Insights From a Multi-Center Study
Authors: Yaşar Serkan , Yılmaz Feride , Utkan Güngör , Algın Efnan , Bayram Doğan , Tamam Selim , Öksüzoğlu Ömür Berna Çakmak , İlhan Ayşegül , Erdat Efe Cem , Ünal Ali Ekrem , Yalçın Şuayib 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the demographic,” clinicopathologic, and prognostic characteristics of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM), as well as the treatment options for the rare and heterogeneous MPeM population.

Methods
A retrospective multi-center observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients with MPeM. Due to the heterogeneity of the study population, the study divided them into two main groups in terms of treatments, follow-up periods, and prognostic features. The first group comprised the patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), and the second group included the patients with metastatic disease for whom curative intent surgery was not possible. The patients’ diagnostic procedures and treatments were identified from medical records. Patients older than 18 years old were included in the study regardless of asbestos exposure. Well-differentiated papillary and multicystic mesothelioma histologic types were not included in the study.

Results
The study evaluated 118 patients from five centers. Survival times, prognosis, and treatment responses were analyzed in both groups. The study showed that CRS-HIPEC was associated with longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Perioperative therapy was evaluated in subgroup analyses of this population and shown to provide survival benefits. The patients treated with chemotherapy (metastatic and medically inoperable patients and those for whom complete cytoreduction was not achievable) had a poorer prognosis than the surgery group. The study showed that life expectancy decreased significantly for the patients not suitable to undergo surgery for any reason.

Conclusions
According to data from experienced centers, CRS-HIPEC is a treatment option recognized as effective, cost-effective, and safe, with better OS and PFS , as well as low morbidity and mortality rates similar to those in the literature. In addition, the platinum-pemetrexed combination continues to be an effective and acceptable treatment option for metastatic patients, those who are medically inoperable, and those for whom complete or near-complete cytoreduction is not achievable.
VARIABILITY OF THE ONTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE COENOPOPULATIONS OF TULIPA BIFLORA PALL. (LILIACEAE) IN KALMYKIA
Authors: Lidzhieva Nina Ts. , Ochirova Aleksandra S. , Ovadykova Zhanna V. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Population-ontogenetic studies are important for assessing the state of natural ecosystems, identifying and monitoring protected natural areas, forming and maintaining Red Books at the level of Regions of Russia as a whole, describing ecological and biological indicators of plant species. The species Tulipa biflora is recommended for protection in Kalmykia and many other regions of Russia.
Purpose. Study of the variability of the ontogenetic structure of T. biflora coenopopulations in Kalmykia.
Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 10 species populations of T. biflora growing in the Caspian lowland and on the Ergeninsky upland within the republic of Kalmykia during the growing seasons of 2016-2018. The ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations was studied using classical population-ontogenetic approaches and methods [8, 11, 13-15 и др.]. The ability of the coenopopulation to self-renewal was assessed using the recovery index Ib [14], the age index (Δ) [11] and the efficiency index (ω) [1].
Results. During the three-year study period in 10 populations of T. biflora in the conditions of Kalmykia, the frequency of occurrence of plants of different age conditions was determined, ontogenetic spectra of populations and basic spectra of the species were constructed. By calculating a number of indices, the ontogenetic types of populations are determined.
Conclusion. The age structure of T. biflora cenopopulations in the conditions of Kalmykia is very dynamic, the ratio of age groups varies greatly, but fits into 1-3 ontogenetic types by year.
Prolonged Grief Disorder in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR: Factor structure, and psychosocial and loss-related correlates in a sample of widowed persons
Authors: Sękowski Marcin , Ludwikowska-Świeboda Karolina , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: May 2024

Cel pracyPierwszym celem badania było określenie, czy objawy PGD, według kryteriów ICD-11 i DSM-5-TR, mają strukturę jednoczynnikową. Po drugie, starano się określić socjodemograficzne i związane ze stratą korelaty nasilenia objawów PGD, zgodnych z ICD-11 i DSM-5-TR.MetodaZa pomocą polskich wersji skali Zespołu Żałoby Przedłużonej-13 [Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13)] i Inwentarza Żałoby Powikłanej [Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG)] przebadano osoby, które w przeszłości straciły współmałżonka lub współmałżonkę (N=144) przynajmniej pół roku przed badaniem. W analizach uwzględniono wybrane pozycje PG-13 i ICG, które odnosiły się do kryteriów PGD zawartych w ICD-11 i DSM-5-TR.WynikiKonfirmacyjne analizy czynnikowe potwierdziły jednowymiarową strukturę objawów zaburzenia zawartych w ICD-11 i DSM-5-TR. Krótszy czas od straty oraz śmierć współmałżonka w wypadku były związane z nasileniem objawów PGD, przy uwzględnieniu objawów zaburzenia opisanych w obydwu klasyfikacjach.WnioskiPGD jest jednowymiarowym i wewnętrznie spójnym zespołem psychopatologicznym. Szczególnie narażone na rozwinięcie silnych objawów PGD mogą być wdowy lub wdowcy, którzy w nieodległym czasie utracili współmałżonka lub współmałżonkę w wypadku.
Wristwatches in bare-below-the-elbows out-of-hospital policies: time for a review
Authors: Strudwick Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Background: Bare-below-the-elbows (BBE) policies are common in infection prevention and control strategies but the evidence relating to wristwatch prohibition is slim and varied in quality. No dispensation is considered for those working outside hospital, which poses unique infection prevention and control challenges. Blanket approaches may be putting patients at further risk of healthcare-acquired infections (HCAIs). Aims: This review aimed to collate evidence and bring clarity to the ongoing debate surrounding mandated BBE policy, specifically relating to wristwatches worn within the prehospital setting. Methods: Three searches were undertaken, and results refined against an inclusion criterion to ensure relevance. Findings: Wristwatches can be considered a vector for HCAI; however, most data on this are confounded by other known risk factors. No studies were conducted outside a hospital environment. Alternative time sources used by clinicians such as touchscreen phones are a significant pathogen vector. Conclusion: Four policy evidence-based recommendations are made in relation to this topic. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) should review this topic as the evidence base underpinning its guidance is inadequate.