bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional synaptic plasticity induced by conditioned stimulations with different number of pulse at hippocampal CA1 synapses: Roles ofN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate and metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Hsu Jui‐Cheng , Cheng Sin‐Jhong , Yang Hsiu‐Wen , Wang Hui‐Ju , Chiu Tsai‐Hsien , Min Ming‐Yuan , Lin Yi‐Wen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the mammlian brain, the hippocampus has been established as a principle structure for learning and memory processes, which involve synaptic plasticity. Althought a relationship between synaptic plasticity and stimulation frequency has been reported in numerous studies, little is known about the importance of pulse number on synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated whether the pulse number can modulate bidirectional plasticity in hippocampal CA1 areas. When a CA1 area was induced by a paired‐pulse (PP) with a 10‐ms interval, the strength of the synapse was altered to form a long‐term depression (LTD), with a 68 ± 4% decrease in expression. The PP‐induced LTD (PP‐LTD) was blocked by the metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonist MPEP, suggesting that the PP‐LTD relied on the activation of GluR5. In addition, this modulation of LTD was protein kinase C (PKC)‐ and Group II mGluR‐independent. However, when increasing the pulse number to 4 and 6, potentiated synaptic strength was observed, which was N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)‐dependent but mGluR5‐independent. Surprisingly, when blocking mGluR, the synaptic efficacy induced by triple‐pulse stimulation was altered to form a long‐term potentiation (LTP) with a 142 ± 7% enhancement, and was further blocked by NMDA antagonist APV. Following treatment with APV and PKC blocker chelerythrine, the LTP expression induced by 4‐ and 6‐pulse stimulation was switched to LTD. We suggest that CA1 synaptic plasticity is regulated by the result of competition between NMDA and mGluR5 receptors. We suggest that the pulse number can bidirectionally modulate synaptic plasticity through the activation of NMDA and mGluR5 in hippocampal CA1 areas. Synapse , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NK3 receptors mediate an increase in firing rate of midbrain dopamine neurons of the rat and the guinea pig
Authors: Werkman Taco R. , Mccreary Andrew C. , Kruse Chris G. , Wadman Wytse J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis in vitro study investigates and compares the effects of NK3 receptor ligands on the firing rate of rat and guinea pig midbrain dopamine neurons. The findings are discussed in the light of choosing suitable animal models for investigating pharmacological properties of NK3 receptor antagonists, which have been proposed to possess therapeutic activity in neuropsychiatric diseases like e.g. schizophrenia. In vitro midbrain slice preparations of both species were used to record (extracellularly) the firing rates of dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Furthermore, the effect of the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole on guinea pig SN and VTA dopamine neurons was investigated. The efficacy of quinpirole in inhibiting guinea pig dopamine neuron firing activity was much less as compared to that of rat dopamine neurons, suggesting a lower dopamine D2 autoreceptor density on the guinea pig neurons. The NK3 receptor agonist senktide induced in subpopulations of rat SN (55%) and VTA (79%) and guinea pig SN (50%) and VTA (21%) dopamine neurons an increase in firing rate. In responsive neurons this effect was concentration‐dependent with EC50 values of 3–5 nM (for both species). The selective NK3 receptor antagonist osanetant (100 nM) was able to partly block the senktide‐induced increase in firing rates of dopamine neurons and shifted the concentration‐response relation curves for senktide to the right (pA2 values were ∼7.5). The fractional block of the senktide responses by osanetant appeared to be larger in guinea pig dopamine neurons, indicating that osanetant is a more potent blocker of NK3 receptor‐mediated responses with noncompetitive properties in the guinea pig. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ca2+ buffering at a drosophila larval synaptic terminal
Authors: He Tao , Lnenicka Gregory A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA quantitative analysis of Ca2+ dynamics requires knowledge of the Ca2+‐binding ratio (κS); this has not been measured at Drosophila synaptic terminals or any invertebrate synaptic terminal. We measured κS at a Ib motor terminal in Drosophila larvae comparing single‐AP Ca2+ transients in synaptic terminals that contained varying concentrations of the Ca2+ indicator, Oregon Green 488 BAPTA‐1 (OGB‐1). Using a linear single‐compartment model, κS was calculated based upon the effect of [OGB‐1] on the time constant (τdecay) for the decay of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). This gave a κS of 77 indicating that nearly 99% of entering Ca2+ is immediately bound by endogenous fast Ca2+ buffers. Extrapolation to zero [OGB‐1] gave a τdecay of 46 ms and a Ca2+‐removal rate constant of 1641 s−1 for single APs. We calculated that a single AP produced an increase in [Ca2+]i of 196 nM and an increase in the total intracellular [Ca2+](free + bound) of 15.3 μM for measurements made in 1.0 mM external Ca2+. The increase in [Ca2+]i for AP trains was 185 nM/ 10 Hz; this gave a Ca2+ extrusion rate constant of 827 s−1, which likely reflects the activity of the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase. Experiments were performed to examine the effect of altering external Ca2+ or Mg2+ on Ca2+ influx at these terminals. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal Intake of Fish Oil but not of Linseed Oil Reduces the Antibody Response in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Lauritzen Lotte , Kjær T. M. R. , Porsgaard T. , Fruekilde M. B. , Mu H. , Frøkiær H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDietary levels of n‐3 PUFA are believed to influence the immune system. The importance of the source of n‐3 PUFA is debated. This study addressed how the content and source of n‐3 PUFA in the maternal diet influenced tissue FA composition and the immune response to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice pups. From the day of conception and throughout lactation, dams were fed diets containing 4% fat from linseed oil (LSO), fish oil (FO) or a n‐3 PUFA‐deficient diet (DEF). Pups were injected with OVA within 24 h of birth and sacrificed at weaning (day 21). Overall, the content of n‐3 PUFA in milk, liver and spleen reflected the source and only minor differences were observed in brain phospholipid 22:6n‐3. The source had only limited influence on the n‐3 PUFA accretion in peripheral tissue, with most pronounced differences in the spleen. The marine PUFA‐group had reduced levels of total OVA‐specific antibodies and OVA‐IgG1 titers in the pup blood, while the response in the LSO‐group did not differ from that in the DEF‐group. There were no statistical differences in the cytokine responses to OVA‐stimulated splenocytes, but the decrease in IgG1 was paralleled by an increase in IFNγ‐production and a decrease in IL‐6‐production. Our results indicate that maternal intake of FO, but not of LSO, changes the offspring's antigen‐specific response and potentially increases Th1‐polarization.
The crazy-paving pattern: a radiological-pathological correlation
Authors: De Wever Walter , Meersschaert Joke , Coolen Johan , Verbeken Eric , Verschakelen Johny A 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The crazy-paving pattern is a linear pattern superimposed on a background of ground-glass opacity, resembling irregularly shaped paving stones. The crazy-paving pattern is initially described as the pathognomonic sign of alveolar proteinosis. Nowadays this pattern is a common finding on high-resolution CT imaging, and can be seen in a number of acute and chronic diseases. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate different diseases that cause this crazy-paving pattern and to correlate the radiological findings from computed tomography with the histopathological findings.
Autonomic pain responses during sleep: A study of heart rate variability
Authors: Chouchoul F. , Pichotl V. , Perchetl C. , Legrainl V. , Garcia‐Larreal L. , Rochel F. , Bastujil H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) reacts to nociceptive stimulation during sleep, but whether this reaction is contingent to cortical arousal, and whether one of the autonomic arms (sympathetic/parasympathetic) predominates over the other remains unknown. We assessed ANS reactivity to nociceptive stimulation during all sleep stages through heart rate variability, and correlated the results with the presence of cortical arousal measured in concomitant 32‐channel EEG. Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent whole‐night polysomnography during which nociceptive laser stimuli were applied over the hand. RR intervals (RR) and spectral analysis by wavelet transform were performed to assess parasympathetic (HFWV) and sympathetic (LFWV and LFWV/HFWV ratio) reactivity. During all sleep stages, RR significantly decreased in reaction to nociceptive stimulations, reaching a level similar to that of wakefulness, at the 3rd beat post‐stimulus and returning to baseline after seven beats. This RR decrease was associated with an increase in sympathetic LFWV and LFWV/HFWV ratio without any parasympathetic HFWV change. Albeit RR decrease existed even in the absence of arousals, it was significantly higher when an arousal followed the noxious stimulus. These results suggest that the sympathetic‐dependent cardiac activation induced by nociceptive stimuli is modulated by a sleep dependent phenomenon related to cortical activation and not by sleep itself, since it reaches a same intensity whatever the state of vigilance.
Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung und Versichertenstatus: Das Beispiel der ambulanten ärztlichen Versorgung
Authors: Schulze Sabine 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
Der Beitrag untersucht, ob in Deutschland der Zugang zu ambulanter ärztlicher Versorgung vom Versicherungsstatus eines Patienten abhängt und insoweit das Bedarfsprinzip verletzt wird. Studien zeigen z.B. unterschiedlich lange Wartezeiten auf Arzttermine und weitere Versorgungsunterschiede zwischen GKV- und PKV-Versicherten. Die durch die Gesundheitsreform implementierten Neuregelungen der Kosterstattung werfen die Frage auf, ob sich dadurch ein „Privatversicherungsstatus in der GKV“ etablieren wird und welche Folgen das für das Bedarfsprinzip in der GKV haben könnte.
Infection levels of proteocephalidean cestodes inCichla piquiti(Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) of the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, relative to host body weight and gender
Authors: Martins M.L. , Pereira J. , de Chambrier A. , Mouriño J.L.P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between infection by proteocephalid cestodes and the sex and weight classes of tucunaré (Cichla piquiti) captured between August 1999 and June 2001 in the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 96 fish, 75.9 ± 9.3% males and 88.9 ± 6.4% females, were parasitized byProteocephalus macrophallusandP. microscopicus, with total mean intensities of 76.6 ± 23.9 and 145.2 ± 36.7, respectively, during this period. In the majority of the months analysed, males showed 71.4–100% prevalence of parasitism and females 80–100%. Although there was no significant difference, females showed a higher mean intensity of infection (145.2 ± 36.7) than males (76.6 ± 23.9). Fish weighing 300–800 g showed a higher mean abundance of parasites (P < 0.05) compared with the biggest specimens weighing 801–2750 g. Analysing both males and females together, the greatest mean intensities of infection were found in October and December (P < 0.05) independent of the year, which coincides with the months of highest rainfall. These results show that fish living in reservoirs may be more susceptible to intermediate hosts than those that live in rivers.
Linear modes in the partially ionized heliosphere plasma
Authors: KELLUM M. E. , SHAIKH DASTGEER 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe heliosphere is predominantly a partially ionized plasma that consists of electrons, ions and significant neutral atoms. Nonlinear interactions among these species take place through direct collision or charge-exchange processes. These interactions modify linear and nonlinear properties of the plasma. In this work, we develop a one-dimensional linear theory to investigate linear instabilities in such a system. In our model, the electrons and ions are described by a single fluid compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and are coupled self-consistently to the neutral fluid via compressible hydrodynamic equations. The coupling is mediated by the charge-exchange process. Based on our self-consistent analysis, we find that the charge-exchange coupling is more effective at larger length scales, and the Alfvén waves are not affected by the charge-exchange coupling. By contrast, the fast and slow waves are driven linearly unstable.
Sovereignty, Governmentality and Development in Ayub's Pakistan: the Case of Korangi Township
Authors: DAECHSEL MARKUS 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper uses a historical ethnography of the construction of Korangi Township outside Karachi to analyse the configuration of power in the post-colonial Pakistani state of the late 1950s and 1960s. Foucault's distinction between ‘sovereign’, ‘disciplinary’ and ‘security’ power helps to reveal how possibilities of non-interventionist control were deliberately discarded in favour of an (often theatrical) exercise of ‘raw’ power. The way in which the township was conceived by the international architect and city planner, C. A. Doxiadis, often stood in contrast and tension with the ways in which it was executed by General Ayub Khan's military regime (1958–1968). Rapid early success—tens of thousands of refugee slum dwellers were resettled within six months—went hand-in-hand with equally-quick failure and abandonment later on. The Pakistani regime was only interested in demonstrating its ability to make decisions and to deploy executive power over its territory, but it made no sustained effort to use spatial control to entangle its subjects in a web of ‘governmentality’. In the final analysis, the post-colonial Pakistani state was a ‘state of exception’ made permanent, which deliberately enacted development failure to underscore its overreliance on sovereign power.
Prevalence of markers for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in UK military recruits
Authors: BROWN A. E. , ROSS D. A. , SIMPSON A. J. H. , ERSKINE R. S. , MURPHY G. , PARRY J. V. , GILL O. N. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYAn unlinked anonymous survey was conducted to measure the prevalence of selected markers for HIV, hepatitis B and C infection in recruits to the UK Armed Forces to inform future screening and hepatitis B vaccination policies. During 2007, nearly 14 000 left-over samples taken from new recruits for blood typing were collected, unlinked from identifiers and anonymously tested for HIV, hepatitis C and current and past cleared hepatitis B infection. Overall, serological evidence of HIV and hepatitis C was found in 0·06% and 0·06% of recruits, respectively. Evidence of past cleared and current hepatitis B infection was found in 3·63% and 0·37% of recruits, respectively. Overall, prevalence rates were broadly consistent with UK population estimates of infection. However, HIV and hepatitis B prevalence was higher in recruits of African origin than in those from the UK (P<0·0001). Screening for these infections is an option that could be considered for those entering Services from high-prevalence countries.
Performing Lateralized Approach and Avoidance Behaviors: Effects on Perceptual, Affective and Confidence Judgments
Authors: Dru Vincent , Cretenet Joël 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn recent work, we showed that the judgment of affective stimuli is influenced by the degree of congruence between apparently innate hemispheric dispositions (left hemisphere positive and approach, right hemisphere negative and avoidance), and the type of movement produced by the contralateral arm (flexion-approach; extension-avoidance). Incongruent movements (e.g., right arm extension) were associated with attenuation of affective valuations. In the present study, we replicated these results. We also assessed confidence in judgments as a function of stimulus valence and congruence and determined that confidence is maximal with congruent movements and highly positive or negative stimuli, suggesting that congruence effects on affective valuation could be mediated by confidence effects. However, in a second experiment, involving judgments regarding segmented lines, congruence effects were observed only for bisected lines, for which confidence was lowest. Thus, confidence does not provide a unifying explanation for congruence effects in the performance of these two tasks. (JINS, 2011, 17, 289–294)
The Relations Between Translation and Material Text Transfer
Authors: Pym Anthony 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The notion of text transfer, understood as the material moving of texts across space-time, makes it possible to see the relationships between transfer and translation as not only causal (texts are translated because they are transferred), but also economic (translation is one of several options for the distribution of textual resources), semiotic (translations represent acts of transfer), and epistemological (attention to transfer affects the way translations are perceived). Awareness of these relationships should open up new possibilities for strongly interdisciplinary research into the nature and history of translation.
Translation Policy and Literary/Cultural Changes in Early Modern Korea (1895-1921)
Authors: Hyun Theresa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the relationship between the establishment of translation policy and literary/cultural shifts during the first two decades of the twentieth century in Korea. During the Kae Hwa ("Enlightenment") period, 1895-1910, translations were undertaken primarily for didactic purposes. Next followed a period when foreign texts were imported with the aim of developing modern Korean literature. The concept of "translational norms", as proposed by Toury, is used to explain the changing practices of individual translators as well as the general evolution of translation within the Korean literary system.
On Two Style Markers of Modern Arabic-Hebrew Prose Translations
Authors: Sarig Lea 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Following Enkvist's method for establishing style markers, one 'positive' and one 'negative' marker of modern Arabic-Hebrew prose translations are constituted through a comparison of the translations with their respective original texts. A complementary intra-language study of original Hebrew prose fiction, which revealed the same style markers, shows that the findings are not translation-specific, but rather a language-bound phenomenon. Although the findings for Hebrew translations from English and German concerning the 'negative' style marker do not concur with the findings in the translations from Arabic, they nonetheless indirectly support the conclusion that it is language-bound.
The Cloze Technique as A Pedagogical Tool for the Training of Translators and Interpreters
Authors: Lambert Sylvie 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article focuses on the versatility of the cloze technique, as a tool not only for measuring second-language proficiency, but also for selecting and training both translators (written cloze) and interpreters (aural cloze). When presented auditorily, the cloze test discriminates pass and fail interpreter students, given the external pacing and speed stress experienced by simultaneous interpreters in real life. The article offers several ways to administer the cloze technique as well as examples of such doctored material.
Nuclear Fusion prize laudation
Authors: W. Burkart  
Published: January 2011

Clean energy in abundance will be of critical importance to the pursuit of world peace and development. As part of the IAEA's activities to facilitate the dissemination of fusion related science and technology, the journal Nuclear Fusion is intended to contribute to the realization of such energy from fusion.
In 2010, we celebrated the 50th anniversary of the IAEA journal. The excellence of research published in the journal is attested to by its high citation index. The IAEA recognizes excellence by means of an annual prize awarded to the authors of papers judged to have made the greatest impact. On the occasion of the 2010 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference in Daejeon, Republic of Korea at the welcome dinner hosted by the city of Daejeon, we celebrated the achievements of the 2009 and 2010 Nuclear Fusion prize winners.
Steve Sabbagh, from the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York is the winner of the 2009 award for his paper:
'Resistive wall stabilized operation in rotating high beta NSTX plasmas' [1].
This is a landmark paper which reports record parameters of beta in a large spherical torus plasma and presents a thorough investigation of the physics of resistive wall mode (RWM) instability. The paper makes a significant contribution to the critical topic of RWM stabilization.
John Rice, from the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge is the winner of the 2010 award for his paper:
'Inter-machine comparison of intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamaks' [2].
The 2010 award is for a seminal paper that analyzes results across a range of machines in order to develop a universal scaling that can be used to predict intrinsic rotation. This paper has already triggered a wealth of experimental and theoretical work.
I congratulate both authors and their colleagues on these exceptional papers.
W. Burkart
Deputy Director General
Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

References

[1] Sabbagh S. et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion

46 635–44

[2] Rice J.E. et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion

47 1618–24
MADGene: retrieval and processing of gene identifier lists for the analysis of heterogeneous microarray datasets
Authors: Baron Daniel , Bihouée Audrey , Teusan Raluca , Dubois Emeric , Savagner Frédérique , Steenman Marja , Houlgatte Rémi , Ramstein Gérard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Summary: MADGene is a software environment comprising a web-based database and a java application. This platform aims at unifying gene identifiers (ids) and performing gene set analysis. MADGene allows the user to perform inter-conversion of clone and gene ids over a large range of nomenclatures relative to 17 species. We propose a set of 23 functions to facilitate the analysis of gene sets and we give two microarray applications to show how MADGene can be used to conduct meta-analyses.
Availability: The MADGene resources are freely available online from http://www.madtools.org, a website dedicated to the analysis and annotation of DNA microarray data.
Contact: gerard.ramstein@univ-nantes.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.