bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidences for molecular origin of low-Q peak in neutron/x-ray scattering of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic liquids
Authors: Fujii Kenta , Kanzaki Ryo , Takamuku Toshiyuki , Kameda Yasuo , Kohara Shinji , Kanakubo Mitsuhiro , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Ishiguro Shin-ichi , Umebayashi Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2011

Short- and long-range liquid structures of [CnmIm+][TFSA−] with n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 have been studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction (HEXRD) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments with the aid of MD simulations. Observed x-ray structure factor, S(Q), for the ionic liquids with the alkyl-chain length n &gt; 6 exhibited a characteristic peak in the low-Q range of 0.2–0.4 Å −1, indicating the heterogeneity of their ionic liquids. SANS profiles IH(Q) and ID(Q) for the normal and the alkyl group deuterated ionic liquids, respectively, showed significant peaks for n = 10 and 12 without no form factor component for large spherical or spheroidal aggregates like micelles in solution. The peaks for n = 10 and 12 evidently disappeared in the difference SANS profiles ΔI(Q) [=ID(Q) − IH(Q)], although that for n = 12 slightly remained. This suggests that the long-range correlations originated from the alkyl groups hardly contribute to the low-Q peak intensity in SANS. To reveal molecular origin of the low-Q peak, we introduce here a new function; x-ray structure factor intensity at a given Q as a function of r, SQpeak(r). The SQpeak(r) function suggests that the observed low-Q peak intensity depending on n is originated from liquid structures at two r-region of 5–8 and 8–15 Å for all ionic liquids examined except for n = 12. Atomistic MD simulations are consistent with the HEXRD and SANS experiments, and then we discussed the relationship between both variations of low-Q peak and real-space structure with lengthening the alkyl group of the CnmIm.
Lake Whitefish in Lake Champlain after Commercial Fishery Closure and Ecosystem Changes
Authors: Herbst Seth J. , Marsden J. Ellen , Smith Stephen J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis were commercially fished in Lake Champlain until the 1913 fishery closure in U.S. waters. The only study of lake whitefish in the lake had been done in the 1930s. Our goals were to compare current biological parameters with historical information and to determine distribution and spatial differences in larval densities, with an emphasis on locating current spawning grounds, to gain insight on the current population in Lake Champlain. Adult lake whitefish (N = 545) were collected from 2006 to 2010 by using gill nets and trawls focused in the Main Lake. Larvae were collected extensively lakewide and intensively at Wilcox Cove and Rockwell Bay with an ichthyoplankton net. Population attributes (size, age, and sex composition; and growth, condition, and mortality) were typical of unexploited populations, as there was a wide range of length-classes (126–638 mm total length) and age-classes (1–26 years). Lake whitefish from the Main Lake had a high condition factor, and growth parameters were comparable with those of fish collected in the 1930s. Lake Champlain lake whitefish had greater asymptotic lengths than generally documented for the species. Larvae were found at sites throughout the Main Lake, and larval densities were among the highest recorded for the species (maximum = 2,558 larvae/1,000 m3); however, no lake whitefish were collected on the two historically documented spawning grounds. Lake whitefish in the Main Lake demonstrate characteristics of an unexploited population; however, evidence of spawning is absent or rare in portions of their historic range where habitat has been altered.
Received February 22, 2011; accepted August 24, 2011
Randomised clinical trial: pregabalin attenuates the development of acid‐induced oesophageal hypersensitivity in healthy volunteers – a placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Chua Y. C. , Ng K. S. , Sharma A. , Jafari J. , Surguy S. , Yazaki E. , Knowles C. H. , Aziz Q. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackground  Acid infusion in humans induces primary and secondary oesophageal hypersensitivity. The effects of pregabalin, a centrally‐acting modulator of voltage‐sensitive calcium channels, on development of acid‐induced oesophageal hypersensitivity remain unknown.Aim  To study the effects of pregabalin on development of secondary oesophageal hypersensitivity in healthy humans.Methods  Placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomised, cross‐over study of 15 healthy volunteers (six women, age 21–56 years). After oesophageal manometry, baseline pain thresholds (PTs) to proximal oesophageal electrical stimulation were determined using bipolar ring electrodes. A 30‐min infusion of HCl was performed in the distal oesophagus followed by PT measurements at 30 and 90 min. This protocol was repeated after administration of pregabalin (dosing schedule: 75 mg twice daily for 3 days then 150 mg twice daily for 1 day and then 150 mg on the morning of study) or placebo.Results  T0 PTs were similar in patients after receiving placebo or pregabalin [mean (s.d.) 32.9 mA (20.5) vs. 34.1 (15.7), P = 0.42]. Pregabalin reduced development of acid‐induced hypersensitivity in the proximal oesophagus at 30 min [mean change in PT (C.I.) placebo −6.2 mA (−11.3 to +1.3) vs. pregabalin +0.20 mA (−2.7 to +3.3)] and 90 min [placebo −3.7 mA (−10.0 to +2.0) vs. pregabalin +0.7 mA (−4.7 to 7.3)] overall P = 0.001. Pregabalin reduced median visual analogue scale score for acid‐induced pain (1/10 vs. placebo 3/10, P = 0.027).Conclusions  Pregabalin attenuates development of secondary hypersensitivity in the proximal oesophagus after distal oesophageal acidification; it may thus have a role in treatment of patients with proven oesophageal pain hypersensitivity.
A nursing educational intervention helped by One Touch UltraSmart™ improves monitoring and glycated haemoglobin levels in type I diabetic children
Authors: Aguilar María J , García Pedro A , González Emilio , Pérez María C , Padilla Carlos A 
Published: January 2012

Objectives.  To improve the monitoring and control of glycated haemoglobin in insulin‐dependent children. This article describes an educational intervention for this purpose where One Touch UltraSmart™ Software was used to manage diabetes. The results showed that this intervention helped to reduce the levels of blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin to less than 7%.Background.  Various research studies have been performed on the effective control of glycated haemoglobin values in diabetic children by means of technological devices. However, none of this research has evaluated the impact of an educational intervention in conjunction with the use of monitoring instruments such as One Touch UltraSmart.Design.  We present an 18‐month longitudinal, analytical and observational study of 37 type 1 diabetic patients, 9–16 years of age. For each patient, initial and final values of glycated haemoglobin and the number of blood glucose controls were recorded.Methodology.  For the purposes of our study seven educational workshops, attended by diabetic children and their parents, were conducted. In addition, participants were asked to complete a brief questionnaire so that information could be gathered regarding the eating and exercise habits of the patients.Results.  This educational intervention using One Touch UltraSmart led to a statistically significant average reduction of glycated haemoglobin.Conclusions.  Our research showed that the use of One Touch UltraSmart in the context of an educational intervention raised the awareness of the diabetic children and thus helped them to effectively control their disease and to fully understand the necessity of having good dietary and exercise habits.Relevance to clinical practice.  It can be concluded that the educational intervention led to a significant improvement in the dietary habits of these patients and also helped them to exercise regularly, all of which has a positive impact on their health.
Phenotypic plasticity allows the Mediterranean parsley frog Pelodytes punctatus to exploit two temporal niches under continuous gene flow
Authors: JOURDAN‐PINEAU HELENE , DAVID PATRICE , CROCHET PIERRE‐ANDRE 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnvironmental changes, such as climate change, lead to the opening of new niches. In such situations, species that adapt to new niches can survive and/or expand their ranges. However, gene flow can hamper genetic adaptation to new environments. Alternatively, recent models have highlighted the importance of phenotypic plasticity in tracking environmental change. Here, we investigate whether phenotypic plasticity or genetic evolution (or both) allows an amphibian species to exploit two divergent climatic niches. In the Mediterranean region, the parsley frog Pelodytes punctatus breeds both in spring, as do most other species, and in autumn, a temporal niche not exploited by most other species, but which may become increasingly important with global warming. Conditions of development are dramatically different between the two seasons and deeply impact tadpole life‐history traits. To determine whether these temporal niches are exploited by two genetically differentiated subpopulations, or whether the bimodal phenology arises in a panmictic population displaying plastic life‐history traits, we use two complementary approaches. We measure both molecular genetic differentiation and quantitative‐trait differentiation between spring and autumn cohorts, using microsatellites and common garden experiments, respectively. Seasonal cohorts were not genetically differentiated and differences in tadpole life history between cohorts were not maintained in laboratory conditions. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity, rather than genetic adaptation, allows Parsley frog to exploit two contrasting temporal niches.
Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on low‐dose bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients
Authors: HONG J‐Y. , KIM W. O. , YOON Y. , CHOI Y. , KIM S‐H. , KIL H. K. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundDexmedetomidine (DMT) has been shown to prolong spinal anaesthesia. We evaluated the effects of intravenous DMT on low‐dose bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients.MethodsFifty‐one elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were randomized into two groups receiving either 1.0 μg/kg DMT (DMT group, n = 26) or normal saline (control group n = 25) intravenously prior to spinal anaesthesia with 1.2 ml of bupivacaine, 5 mg/ml.ResultsThe mean time to two‐segment regression (39 min vs. 78 min for cold, 41 min vs. 61 min for pinprick) and that to motor regression (23 min vs. 46 min) were longer in the DMT group than in the control group. The atropine‐requiring bradycardia was more frequent in the DMT group than in the control group (24.0% vs. 3.8%). The median sedation scores (ranges) during surgery were 4 (2–6) in the DMT group and 2 (1–3) in the control group (P < 0.001). Two patients in the DMT group showed oxygen desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation < 90%) during surgery. The duration of post‐operative care unit stay was longer in the DMT group than in the control group (58 min vs. 96 min). Post‐operative pain intensity was lower and the mean time to first request for post‐operative analgesia was longer in the DMT group compared to the control group (6.6 h vs. 2.1 h).ConclusionIntravenous DMT prolonged the duration of spinal anaesthesia and improved post‐operative analgesia. However, more profound sedation with desaturation was observed with more frequent bradycardia, and delayed recovery should be considered in elderly patients.
What Drives the Operating Performance of Privatised Firms?
Authors: García Laura Cabeza , Ansón Silvia Gómez 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing a panel data analysis of Spanish privatised firms, we study how different factors influence the operating performance of divested companies. The results show that it is not privatisation per se but other factors that matter. After controlling for possible sample selection bias related to government timing of divestments, we find that the greater the relinquishment of State control and the smaller the percentage of ownership held by managers and/or employees, the better the firms’ post‐privatisation performance. Moreover, privatisations that are accompanied by liberalisation programmes and occur during buoyant economic cycles turn out to be more successful.
Humans alter habitat selection of birds on ocean‐exposed sandy beaches
Authors: Meager Justin J. , Schlacher Thomas A. , Nielsen Tara 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  Resource‐selection functions (RSFs) can quantify and predict the density of animal populations across heterogeneous landscapes and are important conservation tools in areas subject to human disturbance. Sandy beach ecosystems have comparatively low habitat heterogeneity and structural relief in the intertidal zone, but intense human use. We aimed to develop predictive RSFs for birds on ocean‐exposed sandy beaches at two spatial scales, 25 ha (local scale) and 250 ha (landscape scale), and to test whether habitat selection of birds that commonly use the surf–beach–dune interface is influenced by the rates of human activities.Location  Moreton and North Stradbroke Island, eastern Australia.Methods  Avifauna and human activities were mapped on three sandy beaches covering 79 km of coastline for 15 months. Habitat characteristics of the surf–beach–dune interface were derived from remote sensing and ground surveys. RSFs were developed for 12 species of birds at two spatial scales: 25 ha (local scale) and 250 ha (landscape scale).Results At local (25 ha) and landscape scales (250 ha), dune dimensions and the extent and type of vegetation structure were important predictors of bird density. Adding the frequency of human activities improved the predictive power of RSFs, suggesting that habitat selection of birds on beaches is modified by human use of these environments. Human activities occurred mostly in the mid‐ to lower intertidal zone of the beach, overlapping closely with the preferred habitats of Silver Gulls (Larus novaehollandiae), Pied Oystercatchers (Haematopus longirostris), Red‐capped Plovers (Charadrius ruficapillus) and endangered Little Terns (Sternula albifrons).Main conclusions  In addition to demonstrating the appropriateness of RSFs to the surf–beach–dune interface, our results stress the need for systematic conservation planning for these ecosystems, where ecological values have traditionally been subsidiary to the maintenance of sand budgets and erosion control.
I Double‐Dog Dare you in Jesus’ Name! Claiming Christian Wealth and the American Prosperity Gospel
Authors: Hladky Kathleen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSince the 1980s, prosperity gospel Christianity has exploded in its size and influence, with global television ministries like Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), Daystar Television Network, and The Word Network expanding the reach of the American‐born religion to every nation. Most popularly called the Faith movement many may recognize this form of Christianity by a variety of other labels, such as the Gospel of Wealth and Health, Word of Faith, Prosperity Theology, Name it and Claim it, Seed‐Faith, Abundant Life, or the more derisive Blab it and Grab it. Most observers associate the Faith movement with two teachings: first, God grants all his faithful followers physical health and financial prosperity; second, believers claim their divine right to wealth and health through positive confession, financial offerings, and the persistent faith that God must fulfill his promises. Promises of total transformation, concern over exploitation, and controversies over Biblical interpretation have made the prosperity gospel a topic of scholarly and popular interest. This article explores the history of the prosperity gospel, with particular emphasis on understanding the largest and most visible of these traditions, the Faith movement. Throughout, I will highlight scholarly literature critical for understanding the contemporary and historic development of the prosperity gospel and ministries that have coalesced around its optimistic message. As I explore relevant works on New Thought, African American religions, and the Faith movement, I hope to provide insight into central questions, possible pitfalls, and under‐investigated dimensions of the American prosperity gospel, and finally to gesture towards fruitful avenues for future inquiry.
New Study of Anshunsaurus huangnihensis Cheng, 2007 (Reptilia: Thalattosauria): Revealing its Transitional Position in Askeptosauridae
Authors: Long CHENG , Xiaohong CHEN , Baomin ZHANG , Yongjian CAI 
Published: December 2011

Abstract:The skull of Anshunsaurus huangnihensis Cheng, 2007, especially the skull roof, is described in detail in this paper. Compared to other genera and species of Askeptosauroidea, Anshunsaurus huangnihensis has some important transitional characters from Askeptosaurus italicus to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis: the rostral length related to the skull length between Askeptosaurus italicus and Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis; the postfrontal existing but distinctly reduced; the posterolateral process relatedly short and overlapping the parietal. The phylogenetic analysis weakly supports the evolutional progress from Anshunsaurus huangnihensis to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. The skeletal ratios indicated that the node among the Askeptosauridae ingroup. The evolutional direction of Askeptosauridae should be from Askeptosaurus italicus to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. The skeletal ratios indicated that the evolutional progress is Askeptosaurus italicus – Anshunsaurus huangnihensis – Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. In biogeography provinces, the Askeptosauroidea taxa from south China have a close relationship with those from western Tethys; however, Xinpusaurus from the Late Triassic is more related to those from the eastern Pacific.
Cretaceous Sandbody Characters at Shallow‐Water Lake Delta Front and the Sedimentary Dynamic Process Analysis in Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Xiyuan CAI , Rong ZHU 
Published: December 2011

Abstract:Based on the abundant information from drilling, cores, and logging, the influence of topography, size of rivers and lakes, climate changes and the lake level's fluctuation on the sandbodies at shallow‐water delta front are systematically summarized and the sedimentary dynamic processes are analyzed. The interwell communication among the sandbodies and their planar distribution revealed from the hydrodynamic features of the development wells are integrated during the analysis. The fundamental requirements for the development of the shallow‐water delta included flat topography and uniform subsiding rate. The delta plain was connected smoothly with the wide delta front and predelta, without the three‐fold structure of topset, foreset, and bottomset as defined in the Gilbert Delta Model. Because of the weak fluvial effect and the lake energy is strong, the small and scattered shallow‐water delta is destroyed by the scouring‐backwashing, coastal current, and lake wave, resulting in the coastal sheet deposition. As the fluvial effect became stronger and the lake energy became weaker, the shape of the shallow‐water deltas transferred from sheets to lumps and then branches.
Association between the ATF3 gene and non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Xiaoxue , Lu Fang , Liu Reng‐Yun , Lei Zhe , Zhao Jun , Zhou Qinghua , Zhang Hong‐Tao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ∼85% of all cases of lung cancer and has a poor prognosis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (ATF/cyclic response element binding) family of transcription factors, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. However, whether the expression of ATF3 is aberrant in NSCLC and genetic variants, or DNA methylation of the gene contributes to the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, are largely unknown.Methods:  The expression of ATF3 in four NSCLC cell lines and normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEpiC) line was detected by Western blot analysis. The mutation of the 5′‐flanking 1500‐bp and coding sequence regions of the ATF3 gene were screened using DNA direct sequencing, and bisulfite‐sodium modification sequencing was used to detect the promoter methylation status of the gene.Results:  up‐regulated expression of ATF3 was observed in NSCLC cell lines, and there was no difference in the sequence regions of the ATF3 gene between NSCLC cells and HBEpiC cells, which were validated in lung cancer tissues and their corresponding paracarcinoma tissues.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that the tumorigenesis of NSCLC may particularly attribute to increased expression of ATF3 but not the genetic variants of the gene.
Experience report
Authors: Morris J. Garrett 
Published: December 2011

Hackage, an online repository of Haskell applications and libraries, provides a hub for programmers to both release code to and use code from the larger Haskell community. We suggest that Hackage can also serve as a valuable resource for language designers: by providing a large collection of code written by different programmers and in different styles, it allows language designers to see not just how features could be used theoretically, but how they are (and are not) used in practice.
We were able to make such a use of Hackage during the design of the class system for a new Haskell-like programming language. In this paper, we sketch our language design problem, and how we used Hackage to help answer it. We describe our methodology in some detail, including both ways that it was and was not effective, and summarize our results.
Consensus on Twenty-First-Century Rainfall Projections in Climate Models More Widespread than Previously Thought
Authors: Power Scott B. , Delage François , Colman Robert , Moise Aurel 
Published: December 2011

Under global warming, increases in precipitation are expected at high latitudes and near major tropical convergence zones in some seasons, while decreases are expected in many subtropical and midlatitude areas in between. In many other areas there is no consensus among models on the sign of the projected change. This is often assumed to indicate that precipitation projections in these regions are highly uncertain. Here, twenty-first century precipitation projections under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario using 24 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)/Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) climate models are examined. In areas with no consensus on the sign of projected change there are extensive subregions where the projected change is “very likely” (i.e., probability > 0.90) to be small (relative to, e.g., the size of interannual variability during the late twentieth century) or zero. The statistical significance of and interrelationships between methods used to identify model consensus on projected change in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report are examined, and the impact of interdependency among model projections on statistical significance is investigated. Interdependency among projections is shown to be much weaker than interdependency among simulations of climatology. The results show that there is more widespread consistency among the model projections than one might infer from the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment report. This discovery highlights the broader need to identify regions, variables, and phenomena that are expected to be little affected by anthropogenic climate change and to communicate this information to the wider community. This is especially important for projections of climate for the next 1–3 decades.