bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria in rural Lanarkshire
Authors: Murie Jill , Urquhart Lorraine 
Published: March 2011

Introduction Malaria is preventable, yet infection still occurs in UK travellers to tropical destinations. Effective health education, chemoprophylaxis and early identification of malaria are essential in primary care. Case presentation A 20 year old man presented with a fever associated with extreme lethargy and general myalgia during the H1N1 ‘pandemic’ in 2009. He was one of party of four people returning from The Gambia. Malaria was diagnosed and, following admission, Plasmodium falciparum parasites were identified. He was treated with intravenous quinine and doxycycline and made a full recovery. Two other members of the wedding party had flu like symptoms, but did not have malaria. One was diabetic. Conclusion Malaria must be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever in all people returning from the tropics. Primary care teams need to be aware of and encourage prevention strategies for people traveling to malarious areas. Diabetic patients may require dosage adjustments to prevent hypoglycaemia associated with anti-malarials.
Practice Prize Winner—Dynamic Marketing Budget Allocation Across Countries, Products, and Marketing Activities
Authors: Fischer Marc , Albers Sönke , Wagner Nils , Frie Monika 
Published: March 2011

Previous research on marketing budget decisions has shown that profit improvement from better allocation across products or regions is much higher than from improving the overall budget. However, despite its high managerial relevance, contributions by marketing scholars are rare. In this paper, we introduce an innovative and feasible solution to the dynamic marketing budget allocation problem for multiproduct, multicountry firms. Specifically, our decision support model allows determining near-optimal marketing budgets at the country–product–marketing–activity level in an Excel-supported environment each year. The model accounts for marketing dynamics and a product's growth potential as well as for trade-offs with respect to marketing effectiveness and profit contribution. The model has been successfully implemented at Bayer, one the world's largest pharmaceutical and chemical firms. The profit improvement potential is more than 50% and worth nearly €500 million in incremental discounted cash flows.
Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Genes in Microbiological Samples in Comparison With the Modified Hodge Test
Authors: Raghunathan Aditya , Samuel Linoj , Tibbetts Robert J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Transfer of the blaKPC genes encoding the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) are increasingly responsible for emerging carbapenem resistance. The modified Hodge test (MHT) is recommended for the detection of KPC. We compared MHT with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting common subtypes of blaKPC, using previously described forward and reverse primer sequences. The PCR product was detected using SYBR Green (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and confirmed by melt curve analysis. PCR was positive in 96% (52/54) of isolates that were MHT+, 90% (28/31) of MHT– isolates were PCR–, and the results were strongly correlated (P = .0001; Fisher exact test). The PCR assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid test for detecting blaKPC genes. It could help optimize patient care by reducing the time taken to institute appropriate antimicrobial therapy and so help improve patient outcomes.
Usefulness of Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in Detecting Composite Lymphoma
Authors: Demurtas Anna , Aliberti Sabrina , Bonello Lisa , Di Celle Paola Francia , Cavaliere Cristina , Barreca Antonella , Novero Domenico , Stacchini Alessandra 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Composite lymphoma (CL) is a rare occurrence of 2 or more morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct lymphoma clones in a single anatomic site. A retrospective analysis of 1,722 solid tissue samples clinically suggestive of lymphoma was carried out in our institute during a 12-year period to evaluate the efficacy of flow cytometry (FC) in identifying CL. We report 17 CL cases. A strong correlation between morphologic findings and FC was observed in 13 cases (76%). In the 4 cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma plus Hodgkin lymphoma, although FC did not detect Reed-Sternberg cells, it accurately identified the neoplastic B- or T-cell component. In 3 cases, FC indicated the need to evaluate an additional neoplastic component that was not morphologically evident. Our data demonstrate that FC immunophenotyping of tissues may enhance the performance of the diagnostic morphologic evaluation of CL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a wide series of CL studied also by FC.
ABCA1 and ABCG1 expressions are regulated by statins and ezetimibe in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Genvigir Fabiana D.V. , Rodrigues Alice C. , Cerda Alvaro , Hirata Mario H. , Curi Rui , Hirata Rosario D.C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: Enterocytes play a crucial role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis. Statins and ezetimibe are potent lowering-cholesterol drugs, which can also influence HDL plasma concentrations. We hypothesized that these drugs could modulate the expression of intestinal ABCA1and ABCG1, two genes involved in HDL metabolism.

Methods: Caco-2 cells were used as a model of the human intestinal cells and were treated with statins (0.01–1 μmol/L) and/or ezetimibe (0.5–5.0 μmol/L) for 12 h or 24 h. Gene expression was examined using real-time PCR.

Results:
ABCA1 level was more abundant than ABCG1 in Caco-2 cells. ABCA1 was downregulated after 12-h and 24-h treatment with atorvastatin (0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L) or simvastatin (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L) (p<0.05). In statin-treated cells, ABCG1 levels remained unaltered. Ezetimibe alone did not induce change of ABCA1 or ABCG1 mRNA levels (p>0.05) but 24-h ezetimibe (2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L) plus simvastatin (1 μmol/L) treatment decreased the transcription of ABCA1 and ABCG1 (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Our findings reveal that, at the concentrations studied, statins isolated or combined with ezetimibe, but not ezetimibe alone, downregulate ABCA1 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, simvastatin combined with ezetimibe treatment also decrease the ABCG1 levels in these cells.
A comparison of simple allometric and maturation models for the prediction of morphine clearance in pediatrics
Authors: Mahmood Iftekhar 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background:The objective of this study is to predict morphine clearance in children (preterm neonates to 10-month-old infants) by maturation models that include age and weight and to compare the predictive performance of morphine maturation models with simple allometric models.

Methods: Age, weight, and morphine clearance data were obtained from the literature. A maturation model (n=60) for morphine was developed using data from preterm and term neonates to 5-year-old children. The allometric models were developed using the same data as the maturation model. The predictive performance of the models was tested in 88 children of different age groups.

Results: The maturation and allometric models predicted morphine clearance in children with the same degree of accuracy or error. Out of 88 subjects, the prediction error of 50% or less was observed in slightly >60% of the subjects. Almost 40% of the subjects showed a prediction error >50%, 20% of which showed an error ≥100%. Although both the maturation and allometric models provided a good prediction of morphine clearance in many children, they were less accurate for many others.

Conclusions: High intersubject variability in morphine clearance probably led to less than adequate performance of the models. However, there could be many drugs for which intersubject variability in clearance might not be as high as morphine clearance and in those situations these models could perform reasonably well.
Allegory, blending, and censorship in modern literature
Authors: Hamilton Craig 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
I argue that politically subversive texts written in allegorical form attain their significance because they are conceptual blends. Political allegories allow writers to criticise regimes indirectly since writers can count on readers to mentally contruct appropriate blends. Readers are naturally driven to find new values that fit an allegory's fixed roles, often yielding new meaning for texts in different contexts. Unfortunately, politically subversive allegories may be censored when censors run the same blends. The three main texts discussed here – Bulgakov's Heart of a Dog, Orwell's Animal Farm, and Miller's The Crucible – are often interpreted as political allegories. I turn to conceptual blending theory to show in some detail how those readings arise. When it comes to allegory and censorship, I suggest that conceptual blending theory can offer us new insights into these timeless topics.
Against pan-narrator theories
Authors: Köppe Tilmann , Stühring Jan 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Most narratologists today maintain that all fictional narratives have a fictional narrator that is to be distinguished from its author. Call this a “pan-narrator theory” (PN). In this essay, we argue that there are good reasons against this position, while important arguments that seem to speak in favor of it can be shown to be ultimately untenable. We start by offering a brief sketch of a theory of fiction that serves as the basis of our considerations and then defend the view that there is no need, theoretical or pragmatic, to postulate a fictional narrator for every fictional narrative.
Allosteric modulation of ATP-gated P2X receptor channels
Authors: Coddou Claudio , Stojilkovic Stanko S. , Huidobro-Toro J. Pablo 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Seven mammalian purinergic receptor subunits, denoted P2X1–P2X7, and several spliced forms of these subunits have been cloned. When heterologously expressed, these cDNAs encode ATP-gated non-selective cation channels organized as trimers. All activated receptors produce cell depolarization and promote Ca2+ influx through their pores and indirectly by activating voltage-gated calcium channels. However, the biophysical and pharmacological properties of these receptors differ considerably, and the majority of these subunits are also capable of forming heterotrimers with other members of the P2X receptor family, which confers further different properties. These channels have three ATP binding domains, presumably located between neighboring subunits, and occupancy of at least two binding sites is needed for their activation. In addition to the orthosteric binding sites for ATP, these receptors have additional allosteric sites that modulate the agonist action at receptors, including sites for trace metals, protons, neurosteroids, reactive oxygen species and phosphoinositides. The allosteric regulation of P2X receptors is frequently receptor-specific and could be a useful tool to identify P2X members in native tissues and their roles in signaling. The focus of this review is on common and receptor-specific allosteric modulation of P2X receptors and the molecular base accounting for allosteric binding sites.
Recoil and conversion electron considerations of the 166Dy/166Ho in vivo generator
Authors: Zeevaart J. R. , Szücs Z. , Takács S. , Jarvis N. V. , Jansen D. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The use of radionuclides as potential therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is increasingly investigated. An important aspect is the delivery of the radionuclide to the target, i.e. the radionuclide is not lost from the chelating agent. For in vivo generators, it is not only the log K of complexation between the metal ion and the chelator that is important, but also whether the daughter radionuclide stays inside the chelator after decay of the parent radionuclide. In our previous work, we showed that the classical recoil effect is only applicable for decays with a Q value higher than 0.6 MeV (in the atomic mass range around 100). However, Zhernosekov et al. [1] published a result for140Nd/140Pr (Q = 0.222 MeV) which indicated that >95% of the daughter (140Pr) was lost by a DOTA chelator upon decay of140Nd. The authors ascribed this to the & ldquo;post-effect”. Their experiment was repeated with the166Dy/166Ho generator to ascertain whether our calculations were correct. It was found that 72% of the daughter (166Ho) was liberated from the DOTA chelator, indicating that the “post effect” does exist in contrast to our recoil calculations. Upon further investigation, we determined that one should not only consider recoil energy levels but also the mode of decay which was able to explain the partial recoil found for166Dy/166Ho. It is concluded for the166Dy/166Ho system that the low recoil energy of the daughter nucleus166Ho is not a sufficient reason to rule out release of the nuclide from chelators. On the other hand, we found that the ratio of the166Ho that gets released corresponds to the ratio of relaxation of Ho atoms via the Auger process.
Threshold Photoelectron Spectrum of Isolated NTCDA
Authors: Fischer Kathrin H. , Fischer Ingo , Bodi Andras 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The threshold photoelectron spectrum of NTCDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride) has been recorded using synchrotron radiation. An ionization energy of 9.66 eV was observed. The experiments are supported by DFT computations that yield a value of 9.51 eV, in good agreement with the measured value. Several bands corresponding to excited electronic states of the cation are also visible and can be assigned with the aid of computations.
Highly Ordered 3D-Macroporous Poly(Para-Phenylene) Films Made by Electropolymerization of Benzene in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Al Zoubi Mohammad , Al-Salman Rihab , Li Yao , Endres Frank 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the preparation of highly ordered 3-dimensional macroporous polyparaphenylene (3DOM-PPP) conducting polymer films is reported for the first time. The method involves the simple electropolymerization of benzene inside a polystyrene opal template at mild reaction conditions. The ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([HMIm]FAP) containing benzene as a precursor is used as the electrolyte. Polystyrene colloidal crystals with average sphere-diameters of 240, 370 and 600 nm on ITO-glass substrates were used as templates. The obtained PPP inverse opal structures showed strong blue, green, yellow and red colors due to light diffraction caused by the 3-D highly ordered macroporous structure. A complete filling of the PS template with PPP can be easily achieved at room temperature. The electrochemical process was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the deposits were characterized by SEM and IR analysis.
A Single, Recent Origin of the Accessory B Chromosome of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans
Authors: Muñoz-Pajares A Jesús , Martínez-Rodríguez Laura , Teruel María , Cabrero Josefa , Camacho Juan Pedro M , Perfectti Francisco 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
B chromosomes are dispensable chromosomes found in &gt;2000 eukaryotic species, usually behaving as genomic parasites. Most B chromosomes seem to be made up of the same kind of DNA sequences present in the A chromosomes. This sequence similarity makes it difficult to obtain specific molecular probes that may permit B-presence diagnosis without cytogenetic analysis. We have developed a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for B chromosomes in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans, which specifically amplifies a 1510-bp DNA fragment exclusively in B-carrying individuals. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and fiber FISH analyses showed that this marker is a tandemly repeated DNA sequence closely intermingled with 45S rDNA. PCR reactions showed the presence of SCAR-like sequences in the A chromosomes, but in two separate fragments, supporting the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in this species. SCAR marker DNA sequence showed to be identical in B chromosome variants from several localities from Spain and Morocco, and it was very similar to those found in B chromosome variants from Greece and Armenia. This strongly suggests that this sequence was already present in the ancestral B chromosome of this species. In addition, the scarce sequence variation observed among several B variants from very distant populations suggests either a functional constraint or, more likely, a recent and unique origin for B chromosomes in this species.
A Map-Based Cloning Strategy Employing a Residual Heterozygous Line Reveals that the GIGANTEA Gene Is Involved in Soybean Maturity and Flowering
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Xia Zhengjun , Hideshima Rumiko , Tsubokura Yasutaka , Sato Shusei , Yamanaka Naoki , Takahashi Ryoji , Anai Toyoaki , Tabata Satoshi , Kitamura Keisuke , Harada Kyuya 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Flowering is indicative of the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, a critical event in the life cycle of plants. In soybean (Glycine max), a flowering quantitative trait locus, FT2, corresponding to the maturity locus E2, was detected in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the varieties “Misuzudaizu” (ft2/ft2; JP28856) and “Moshidou Gong 503” (FT2/FT2; JP27603). A map-based cloning strategy using the progeny of a residual heterozygous line (RHL) from the RIL was employed to isolate the gene responsible for this quantitative trait locus. A GIGANTEA ortholog, GmGIa (Glyma10g36600), was identified as a candidate gene. A common premature stop codon at the 10th exon was present in the Misuzudaizu allele and in other near isogenic lines (NILs) originating from Harosoy (e2/e2; PI548573). Furthermore, a mutant line harboring another premature stop codon showed an earlier flowering phenotype than the original variety, Bay (E2/E2; PI553043). The e2/e2 genotype exhibited elevated expression of GmFT2a, one of the florigen genes that leads to early flowering. The effects of the E2 allele on flowering time were similar among NILs and constant under high (43°N) and middle (36°N) latitudinal regions in Japan. These results indicate that GmGIa is the gene responsible for the E2 locus and that a null mutation in GmGIa may contribute to the geographic adaptation of soybean.
Genetic Architecture of Flowering-Time Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Salomé Patrice A , Bomblies Kirsten , Laitinen Roosa A E , Yant Levi , Mott Richard , Weigel Detlef 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The onset of flowering is an important adaptive trait in plants. The small ephemeral species Arabidopsis thaliana grows under a wide range of temperature and day-length conditions across much of the Northern hemisphere, and a number of flowering-time loci that vary between different accessions have been identified before. However, only few studies have addressed the species-wide genetic architecture of flowering-time control. We have taken advantage of a set of 18 distinct accessions that present much of the common genetic diversity of A. thaliana and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time in 17 F2 populations derived from these parents. We found that the majority of flowering-time QTL cluster in as few as five genomic regions, which include the locations of the entire FLC/MAF clade of transcription factor genes. By comparing effects across shared parents, we conclude that in several cases there might be an allelic series caused by rare alleles. While this finding parallels results obtained for maize, in contrast to maize much of the variation in flowering time in A. thaliana appears to be due to large-effect alleles.
Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health
Authors: Gunnarsson Kristina , Josephson Malin 
Published: March 2011

Entrepreneurs' Self‐reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health: Kristina Gunnarsson, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden—ObjectivesThis study investigated the association between self‐reported good health and self‐valued good social life. An additional aim was to examine entrepreneur's strategies for maintaining good health.MethodsThe study design included a two‐wave questionnaire, with ive years between the surveys (2001 and 2006), and qualitative interviews. The study group consisted of 246 entrepreneurs from the central region of Sweden and represented ten different trades. Entrepreneurs reporting good health in both 2001 and 2006 were compared with entrepreneurs reporting poor health on both occasions or with inconsistent answers. Six of the entrepreneurs were strategically chosen for the interview study.ResultsConsistent good health was reported by 56% of the entrepreneurs. Good social life in 2001 was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for consistent good health when the analyses were adjusted for physical work conditions and job satisfaction (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.07–4.17). Findings for good leisure time, weekly moderate physical exercise, and a rating of work being less or equally important as other life areas, were similar but not statistically significant when job satisfaction was considered in the analyses. Strategies for maintaining good health included good planning and control over work, lexibility at work, good social contact with family, friends and other entrepreneurs, and regular physical exercise.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an association between self‐reported good health and good social life for entrepreneurs in small‐scale enterprises. In addition, the entrepreneurs emphasised strategies such as planning and control over work and physical exercise are important for maintaining good health.
Recovery of Chronic Noise Exposure Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits in Young Male Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Chengzhi Chen , Yan Tang , Xuejun Jiang , Xiang Li , Youbin Qi , Baijie Tu 
Published: March 2011

Recovery of Chronic Noise Exposure Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits in Young Male Sprague‐Dawley Rats: Chen Chengzhi, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, China—ObjectiveNoise has always been an important environmental public health issuefor mankind. Although reports exist on hippocampal dependent spatial learning and memory (LM) impairment due to noise, there are only a few studies that have examined the effects of recovery from noise stress on LM impairments. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of recovery from chronic noise exposure on LM Deficits.Materials and MethodsIn this study, the detrimental effects of noise stress on young male rats in the Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the discontinuation of chronic noise exposure of 80 dB or 100 dB for 4 h per day, for 30 days. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were also evaluated by HPLC‐EC at the end of each behavioral test.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that rats in the noise‐treated groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls in the MWM. Further, the levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus after noise exposure. However, the reduction in monoamine levels and impaired water maze performance recovered over time, so that by 30th day after cessation of noise exposure the 80 dB group showed no performance difference from the controls, and by 40th day, the 100 dB group also showed no performance difference from the control.ConclusionOur indings suggest that noise impaired LM in young male rats and reduced monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, the noise‐induced water maze Deficits recovered over time, and the concurrent restoration of hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitter levels suggest that they are involved in LM impairments.