bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent disparities in liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, 1998 through 2007
Authors: Robbins Anthony S. , Cox Derrick D. , Johnson Lynt B. , Ward Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prior studies have demonstrated that among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), African Americans (AAs) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) are substantially less likely to undergo liver transplantation (LT) compared with whites. The authors examined whether disparities in the receipt of LT among LT‐eligible HCC patients changed over a 10‐year time period, and whether the disparities might be explained by sociodemographic or clinical factors.METHODS:The National Cancer Data Base, a national hospital‐based cancer registry, was used to study 7707 adults with small (≤ 5 cm), nonmetastatic HCC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. Racial/ethnic patterns in the use of LT were compared during 2 periods of 5 years each: 1998 through 2002 (n = 2412 patients) and 2003 through 2007 (n = 5295 patients). Data regarding comorbid medical conditions were only available during the later time period.RESULTS:Large and persistent racial/ethnic differences in the probability of receiving LT were observed. Compared with whites, hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for receiving LT from 1998 through 2002 were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46‐0.89) for AA patients, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.79‐1.29) for Hispanic patients, and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.39‐0.68) for API patients. Analogous results for 2003 through 2007 were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54‐0.76) for AA patients, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75‐0.99) for Hispanic patients, and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.49‐0.69) for API patients. AA patients were less likely than whites to undergo any form of surgery, and API patients were more likely than whites to undergo surgical resection. Adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors produced only small changes in these HRs.CONCLUSIONS:Between 1998 and 2007, there were large and persistent racial/ethnic disparities noted in the receipt of LT among patients with HCC. These disparities were not explained by sociodemographic or clinical factors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Expression patterns of Bmi‐1 and p16 significantly correlate with overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huber Gerhard F. , Albinger‐Hegyi Andrea , Soltermann Alex , Roessle Matthias , Graf Nicole , Haerle Stephan K. , Holzmann David , Moch Holger , Hegyi Ivan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to link expression patterns of B‐cell–specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi‐1) and p16 to patient outcome (recurrence and survival) in a cohort of 252 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OSCC).METHODS:Expression levels of Bmi‐1 and p16 in samples from 252 patients with OSCC were evaluated immunohistochemically using the tissue microarray method. Staining intensity was determined by calculating an intensity reactivity score (IRS). Staining intensity and the localization of expression within tumor cells (nuclear or cytoplasmic) were correlated with overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival.RESULTS:The majority of cancers were localized in the oropharynx (61.1%). In univariate analysis, patients who had OSCC and strong Bmi‐1 expression (IRS >10) had worse outcomes compared with patients who had low and moderate Bmi‐1 expression (P = .008; hazard ratio [HR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.167‐2.838); this correlation was also observed for atypical cytoplasmic Bmi‐1 expression (P = .001; HR, 2.164; 95% CI, 1.389‐3.371) and for negative p16 expression (P < .001; HR, 0.292; 95% CI, 0.178‐0.477). The combination of both markers, as anticipated, had an even stronger correlation with overall survival (P < .001; HR, 8.485; 95% CI, 4.237‐16.994). Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant results for patients with oropharyngeal cancers, but not for patients with oral cavity tumors: Tumor classification (P = .011; HR, 1.838; 95%CI, 1.146‐2.947) and the combined marker expression patterns (P < .001; HR, 6.254; 95% CI, 2.869‐13.635) were correlated with overall survival, disease‐specific survival (tumor classification: P = .002; HR, 2.807; 95% CI, 1.477‐5.334; combined markers: P = .002; HR, 5.386; 95% CI, 1.850‐15.679), and the combined markers also were correlated with recurrence‐free survival (P = .001; HR, 8.943; 95% CI, 2.562‐31.220).CONCLUSIONS:Cytoplasmic Bmi‐1 expression, an absence of p16 expression, and especially the combination of those 2 predictive markers were correlated negatively with disease‐specific and recurrence‐free survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Therefore, the current results indicate that these may be applicable as predictive markers in combination with other factors to select patients for more aggressive treatment and follow‐up. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
2D mapping of strongly deformable cell nuclei‐based on contour matching
Authors: De Vylder Jonas , De Vos Winnok H. , Manders Erik M. , Philips Wilfried 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe spatiotemporal dynamics of protein complexes and genome loci are functionally linked to cellular health status. To study the inherent motion of subnuclear particles, it is essential to remove any superimposed component stemming from displacement and deformation of the nucleus. In this article, we propose a mapping of the nuclear interior, which is based on the deformation of the nuclear contour and has no shape constraints. This registration procedure enabled an accurate estimation of telomere mobility in living human cells undergoing dramatic nuclear deformations. Given the large variety of pathologies and cellular processes that are associated with strong nuclear shape changes, the contour mapping algorithm has generic value for improving the accuracy of mobility measurements of genome loci and intranuclear macromolecule complexes. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Spectrum sensing and power/rate control in CDMA cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ghavami Siavash , Abolhassani Bahman 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a two‐phase algorithm for the spectrum sensing and power/rate control of a secondary user (S‐user) or cognitive radio is proposed. In the first phase, the primary base station (P‐BS), which is conscious of both the number and the data rate of primary active users (P‐user), broadcasts theitusage capacity percentage (UCP) of its cell. Since knowing only the UCP is not enough to guarantee that the total load (of P‐users and S‐users) is less than a maximum permissible load, the S‐user must measure the total interference received from both the P‐users and other S‐users. In this direction, using both the UCP and measurement of the interference received from the P‐users and the S‐users by the S‐user or secondary base station (S‐BS), we mathematically derive an equation for issuing data transmission permission, which if it is held then the second phase of the algorithm: the transmit power/rate control starts. In this phase, the S‐user and the S‐BS look for feasible values for the transmit power level and transmission rate. If there are feasible values, it starts its transmission at these feasible transmit power and rate. Since both the location of the S‐user and the channel condition vary in time, the whole algorithm is iterated periodically with a period faster than the coherence time of the channel. Furthermore, we consider the down link of the above system with cooperation among neighboring S‐users to overcome fading channels and we investigate the amount of improvement in the reliability of the issuing data transmission permission. As well, we consider the uplink of the system with multiple antennas in the S‐BS to investigate the improvement in the same parameter over spatially correlated and independent fading channels. Theoretical analysis is validated using computer simulations. Both theoretical analysis and computer simulations show that the proposed cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm performs properly at SNR = −5dB in flat Nakagami‐m fading channels with m = 1 even in correlated fading channels. We also address the improvement of the reliability of the issuing data transmission permission in the uplink in case of using multiple antennas only in the S‐BS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stressful life events predict eating disorder relapse following remission: Six‐year prospective outcomes
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Pagano Maria E. , Stout Robert L. , Markowitz John C. , Ansell Emily B. , Pinto Anthony , Zanarini Mary C. , Yen Shirley , Skodol Andrew E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not‐otherwise‐specified (EDNOS) and test for the effects of stressful life events (SLE) on relapse after remission from these eating disorders.Method:117 female patients with BN (N = 35) or EDNOS (N = 82) were prospectively followed for 72 months using structured interviews performed at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐months, and then yearly thereafter. ED were assessed with the structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV, and monitored over time with the longitudinal interval follow‐up evaluation. Personality disorders were assessed with the diagnostic interview for DSM‐IV‐personality‐disorders, and monitored over time with the follow‐along‐version. The occurrence and specific timing of SLE were assessed with the life events assessment interview. Cox proportional‐hazard‐regression‐analyses tested associations between time‐varying levels of SLE and ED relapse, controlling for comorbid psychiatric disorders, ED duration, and time‐varying personality‐disorder status.Results:ED relapse probability was 43%; BN and EDNOS did not differ in time to relapse. Negative SLE significantly predicted ED relapse; elevated work and social stressors were significant predictors. Psychiatric comorbidity, ED duration, and time‐varying personality‐disorder status were not significant predictors.Discussion:Higher work and social stress represent significant warning signs for triggering relapse for women with remitted BN and EDNOS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Histamine H4 receptor activation enhances LPS‐induced IL‐6 production in mast cells via ERK and PI3K activation
Authors: Desai Pragnya , Thurmond Robin L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe histamine H4 receptor (H4R) has been implicated in numerous inflammatory functions. Here it is shown that the receptor can mediate cytokine production from mast cells. Histamine and an H4R agonist, JNJ 28610244, induced the production of IL‐6 in mouse bone marrow (BM)‐derived mast cells. This effect was blocked by two different H4R antagonists and was not present in H4R‐deficient cells. In addition, histamine acting via the H4R potentiated LPS‐induced IL‐6 production. Histamine‐induced IL‐6 production could be blocked by inhibitors of ERK and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase γ (PI3Kγ) pathways. Furthermore, it was shown that H4R activation can induce phosphorylation of ERK, MEK and AKT. H4R activation led to a rapid and transient phosphorylation of these kinases, whereas with LPS the activation occurred at later time points. When both histamine and LPS were added, the phosphorylation was evident at 5 min and persisted for at least 60 min suggesting that changes in the kinetics of kinase activation may be one mechanism driving the signaling interaction between the H4R and toll‐like receptors. These observations suggest that the H4R can synergize with other inflammatory signals to potentiate cytokine production and provides mechanistic information on the role of the H4R in inflammation.
Spin‐Canted Antiferromagnetic Phase Transitions in Alternating Phenoxo‐ and Carboxylato‐Bridged MnIII‐Salen Complexes
Authors: Kar Paramita , Guha Pampa M. , Drew Michael G. B. , Ishida Takayuki , Ghosh Ashutosh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThree new MnIII complexes, {[Mn2(salen)2(OCn)](ClO4)}n (1), {[Mn2(salen)2(OPh)](ClO4)}n (2) and {[Mn2(salen)2(OBz)](ClO4)}2 (3) (where salen = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐1,2‐diaminoethane dianion, OCn = cinnamate, OPh = phenylacetate and OBz = benzoate), have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. The crystal structures reveal that all three structures contain syn‐anti carboxylate‐bridged dimeric [Mn2(salen)2(OOCR)]+ cations (OOCR = bridging carboxylate) that are joined together by weak Mn···O(phenoxo) interactions to form infinite alternating chain structures in 1 and 2, but the relatively long Mn···O(phenoxo) distance [3.621(2) Å] in 3 restricts this structure to tetranuclear units. Magnetic studies showed that 1 and 2 exhibited magnetic long‐range order at TN = 4.0 and 4.6 K (TN = Néel transition temperature), respectively, to give spin‐canted antiferromagnetic structures. Antiferromagnetic coupling was also observed in 3 but no peaks were recorded in the field‐cooled magnetization (FCM) or zero‐field‐cooled magnetization (ZFCM) data, indicating that 3 remained paramagnetic down to 2 K. This dominant antiferromagnetic coupling is attributed to the carboxylate bridges. The ferromagnetic coupling expected due to the Mn–O(phenoxo)···Mn bridge plays an auxiliary role in the magnetic chain, but is an essential component of the bulk magnetic properties of the material.
The Preparation and Structures of Several Cross‐Conjugated Allenes (“Allenic Dendralenes”)
Authors: Lehrich Friedhelm , Hopf Henning , Grunenberg Jörg 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cross‐conjugated allenes (“allenic dendralenes”) 2‐allenylbuta‐1,3‐diene (2), 1,1‐divinylallene (3, prepared here as the methyl derivative49), and 1,1‐diallenylethene (4) are prepared either by SN2′‐substitution processes from appropriate allenic or acetylenic precursors or by base‐catalyzed isomerizations of propargylic substrates. Thermal elimination/isomerization routes to these highly unsaturated hydrocarbons require reaction conditions under which these allenes undergo secondary transformations. The new oligoolefins, the structures of which have been calculated by MP2 methods, are interesting substrates for addition and isomerization reactions.
Molecular Recognition with Ditopic Cavitand Re Complexes
Authors: Busi Marco , Cantadori Barbara , Boccini Francesca , De Zorzi Rita , Geremia Silvano , Dalcanale Enrico 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of cavitand receptors bearing increasing numbers of phosphonate groups at their upper rims and of the corresponding Re‐based ditopic complexes is reported. The molecular recognition properties of these phosphonate cavitands towards both monotopic and ditopic N‐methylpyridinium salts were investigated. The numbers and spatial dispositions of P=O units are pivotal for the complexation of guest ions. The removal of a single P=O bridge from the parent tetraphosphonate cavitand was sufficient to reduce the association constant by almost three orders of magnitude. Elimination of a second P=O unit completely abolished complexation in the AC distal isomer, both in monotopic and in ditopic hosts. The preorganised structure obtained by interconnection of two triphosphonate cavitands through a Re system showed moderate positive self‐assembly cooperativity in the inclusion of ditopic N‐methylpyridinium salts in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The speciation profile in ethanol indicates that the clamshell 1:1 complex is dominant at low concentrations (< 10–4 M) whereas the 1:2 complex is preferred at higher concentrations of ditopic guest.
Phosphane‐Catalyzed Umpolung Addition Reaction of Nucleophiles to Ethyl 2‐Methyl‐2,3‐butadienoate
Authors: Guan Xiao‐Yang , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe phosphane‐catalyzed umpolung addition of various nucleophiles to ethyl 2‐methyl‐2,3‐butadienoate is described. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon nucleophiles smoothly reacted with ethyl 2‐methyl‐2,3‐butadienoate to give the corresponding umpolung addition products in good to excellent yields by a similar reaction mechanism. For sulfur nucleophiles, the addition reactions with ethyl 2‐methyl‐2,3‐butadienoate proceeded by a different mechanism.
Practical Syntheses of (2S)‐R207910 and (2R)‐R207910 (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 11/2011)
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Babu G. S. Kiran , Mohapatra Debendra K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the syntheses (on a gram scale) of (2S)‐R207910 and (2R)‐R207910, which can be utilized to stop the spread of tuberculosis. The key steps involved in the syntheses include Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, regioselective epoxide ring opening and modified allylzinc bromide addition. Details are discussed in the article by S. Chandrasekhar, G. S. K. Babu, and D. K. Mohapatra on p. 2057 ff.
Experimental studies to investigate merging behaviour in a staircase
Authors: Boyce Karen E. , Purser David A. , Shields T. Jim 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThe quantification of merging flows and the factors that influence evacuee merging behaviour are important considerations in our understanding of emergency evacuation of particularly high‐rise buildings, and essential for better escape route design and evacuation modelling. This paper presents the results of three evacuation studies to investigate merging flows and behaviours on stairs. Stair:floor merging ratios are provided together with specific flows from the floor and stair. The potential influence of the geometrical location of the floor relative to the stair and the occupant population is discussed. The results indicate that, despite differences in the geometrical location of the door in relation to the stair and the relative stair/door width, the merging was approximately 50:50 across the duration of the merge period in each of the buildings studied. Differences in merge patterns were however evident throughout the merge periods in each of the buildings, particularly in the case where the floor occupants approached from a corridor adjacent to the incoming stair, in which case floor occupants took priority during periods of slower movement. There were also suggestions that some occupant characteristics such as gender or role may have a potential influence on merging, with very obvious deference behaviour of a few individuals dictating the merging in a mixed occupancy building. The studies highlight the potential influence of geometrical location of floor relative to the stair, relative door/stair widths and population characteristics on merge patterns and indicate that much more work is required in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among older Japanese people: comorbidity of mild cognitive impairment and depression
Authors: Hidaka Shin , Ikejima Chiaki , Kodama Chiine , Nose Mayumi , Yamashita Fumio , Sasaki Megumi , Kinoshita Toru , Tanimukai Satoshi , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Takahashi Hideto , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Tanaka Shiro , Asada Takashi 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of DSM‐III‐R major depressive episodes (MDEs), depressive symptoms cases (DSCs) (defined as a score of ≥6 on the Geriatric Depression Scale but falling short of MDE), and coexisting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Japanese community‐dwelling older people.MethodsPrevalence was estimated based on screening evaluation, individual interviews, and door‐to‐door visits. MDE and DSC were diagnosed, and the cognitive status of the participants was determined to be dementia, MCI, or normal.ResultsA total of 1888 subjects of 2698 candidates (70.0%) participated. The prevalence of MDE and DSC were estimated to be 4.5% (95% CI, 3.4–6.0) and 11.5% (95% CI, 4.2–28.0), respectively. MCI was more prevalent in subjects with depression (26.2%) than those with normal mood (17.9%). Although no prototypical profile of cognitive dysfunction was revealed, multiple MCI was more prevalent in subjects with depression (12.2%) than subjects with normal mood (3.8%). Conversely, subjects with MCI (26.3%) were more likely to develop depression compared with those with normal cognitive function (18.0%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression in our subjects seems to be similar with that of previous studies. MCI was more prevalent in subjects with depression than those with normal mood. Individuals with depression showed no particular association with any of the four MCIs. Given that depression and MCI are often associated with each other and that MCI is a predictor for development of dementia, the risk of developing dementia in the depressed older people with coexisting MCI should be acknowledged. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of a cyclic bis(iminophosphorane) from a 2,2′‐bis(phosphino)azobenzene via NN bond cleavage
Authors: Yamamura Masaki , Kano Naokazu , Kawashima Takayuki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn eight‐member cyclic bis(iminophosphorane) was synthesized by treatment of 2,2′‐bis(phosphino)azobenzene with pentachlorophenol via NN bond cleavage of the azobenzene. The crystal structure of the cyclic bis(iminophosphorane) was determined by the X‐ray crystallographic analysis. A study on the reaction mechanism showed that both protonation of the azo moiety and intramolecular nucleophilic attacks of the phosphino groups played a key role in the formation of the bis(iminophosphorane) from the azo compound bearing two phosphino groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:301–306, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20680
Synthesis and structure of aliphatic phenylchloronium ylide
Authors: Ochiai Masahito , Tada Norihiro , Miyamoto Kazunori , Shiro Motoo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAliphatic phenylchloronium ylide with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐methylidene group was synthesized. Thermal transylidation of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenylbromonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylide in chlorobenzene as a solvent at 130°C afforded phenylchloronium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methylide in a moderate yield. Phenylbromonium and phenyliodonium ylides were also prepared by the thermal transylidation to bromo‐ and iodobenzenes. The reaction probably involves initial thermal generation of bissulfonylcarbene (Tf2C:), followed by nucleophilic attack of a halobenzene toward the electron‐deficient carbene center. Solid‐state structures of these aliphatic phenylhalonium ylides were analyzed and compared with each other. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:325–330, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20683
Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel tellurane with four sulfur ligands
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Ohwada Shingo , Yoshida Masahiro , Muraoka Hiroki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe molecular structure of a novel hypervalent tellurium(IV) compound, 2,2′‐spirobi[4,7‐diisopropyl‐1,3,2‐benzodithiatellurole] (1), has been determined by a single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The results represent the first crystal structural characterization of a hypervalent tellurium(IV), tellurane, with only four sulfur ligands. The tellurane has a distorted pseudo‐trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry with the axial sulfur atoms bending toward the equatorial ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:586–589, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20697