bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On quantum plasma kinetic equations with a Bohmian force
Authors: HAAS FERNANDO 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe dispersion relation arising from a Vlasov–Poisson system with a Bohmian force term is examined and compared to the more fundamental Bohm and Pines dispersion relation for quantum plasmas. Discrepancies are found already when considering the leading order thermal effects. The time-averaged energy densities for longitudinal modes are also shown to be noticeably different.
The role of stressful events in the development of behavioural and emotional problems from early childhood to late adolescence
Authors: Timmermans M. , van Lier P. A. C. , Koot H. M. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThere is growing evidence on the importance of experiences of stressful events in the development of psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the role of stressful events in the continuity of internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as the cross-influence of these problems from early childhood to late adolescence.MethodData came from a general population sample of 396 children followed from the ages of 3 to 18 years. Parent-ratings of internalizing and externalizing problems at ages 3, 5, 10 and 18 years were used. Parents also reported on the presence of stressful events between the ages of 3 and 5 years, and 5 and 10 years. Adolescent reports on stressful events over the ages of 10–18 years were used. Structural equation models were used to disentangle/analyse the role of stressful events in the development of internalizing and externalizing problems.ResultsFrom the age of 3 years onwards externalizing symptoms predicted experiences of stressful events. In turn, these experiences predicted later externalizing problems. Stressful events also explained part of the continuity of internalizing problems from the age of 10 years onwards, but not during childhood. From childhood onwards, cross-influences from externalizing problems to subsequent internalizing problems were found to run through stressful events. Only in adolescence cross-influences from internalizing problems to externalizing problems were found, again via stressful events.ConclusionsFrom childhood onwards to late adolescence, stressful events play a significant role in both the continuity and the co-occurrence of externalizing and internalizing problems. Theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
Neuronal correlates of affective theory of mind in schizophrenia out-patients: evidence for a baseline deficit
Authors: Mier D. , Sauer C. , Lis S. , Esslinger C. , Wilhelm J. , Gallhofer B. , Kirsch P. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundSchizophrenia out-patients have deficits in affective theory of mind (ToM) but also on more basal levels of social cognition, such as the processing of neutral and emotional expressions. These deficits are associated with changes in brain activation in the amygdala and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). However, until now there have been no studies that examined these different levels of social cognition and their neurobiological underpinnings in patients within one design.MethodSixteen medicated schizophrenia out-patients and 16 matched healthy controls were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a social cognition task that allows the investigation of affective ToM (aToM), emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.ResultsPatients showed a deficit in emotion recognition and a more prominent deficit in aToM. The performance in aToM and in emotion recognition was correlated in the control group but not in the schizophrenia group. Region-of-interest analysis of functional brain imaging data revealed no difference between groups during aToM, but a hyperactivation in the schizophrenia group in the left amygdala and right STS during emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.ConclusionsThe results indicate that schizophrenia out-patients have deficits at several levels of social cognition and provide the first evidence that deficits on higher-order social cognitive processes in schizophrenia may be traced back to an aberrant processing of faces per se.
Uncovering History: Private Sector Care Homes for Older People in England
Authors: JOHNSON JULIA , ROLPH SHEENA , SMITH RANDALL 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn conducting his research for The Last Refuge (1962), Peter Townsend visited 173 public, voluntary and private residential care homes for older people in England and Wales. Drawing on his data, now archived at the University of Essex, we traced the subsequent history of these homes and revisited a sample that were still functioning as care homes in 2006. In this article, we focus on the 42 private homes he visited, some of which remain open and were revisited by us in 2005–06. The pre-1980 history of private sector residential care provision for older people is an elusive and poorly charted topic. Drawing on the two data sets for then and now, this article contributes new insights into this area of UK policy and practice.
Companion animals: a reservoir for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin the community?
Authors: LOEFFLER A. , LLOYD D. H. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThis article reviews the literature on the epidemiology of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in dogs, cats and horses. Over the past 10 years, MRSA has emerged as an important pathogen in veterinary medicine, especially in countries with a high MRSA burden in human hospitals. During the same period, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections in humans without apparent links to healthcare facilities have increased dramatically. Although animal infections occur outside human hospitals, significant epidemiological, clinical and genetic differences exist between CA-MRSA in humans and the majority of MRSA infections in the different animal species. The recognition of MRSA in animals has raised concern over their role as potential reservoirs or vectors for human MRSA infection in the community. However, available data on MRSA transmission between humans and companion animals are limited and the public health impact of such transmission needs to be the subject of more detailed epidemiological studies.
Trends for influenza and pneumonia hospitalization in the older population: age, period, and cohort effects
Authors: COHEN S. A. , KLASSEN A. C. , AHMED S. , AGREE E. M. , LOUIS T. A. , NAUMOVA E. N. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYBirth cohort has been shown to be related to morbidity and mortality from other diseases and conditions, yet little is known about the potential for birth cohort in its relation to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) outcomes. This issue is particularly important in older adults, who experience the highest disease burden and most severe complications from these largely preventable diseases. The objective of this analysis is to assess P&I patterns in US seniors with respect to age, time, and birth cohort. All Medicare hospitalizations due to P&I (ICD-9CM codes 480-487) were abstracted and categorized by single-year of age and influenza year. These counts were then divided by intercensal estimates of age-specific population levels extracted from the US Census Bureau to obtain age- and season-specific rates. Rates were log-transformed and linear models were used to assess the relationships in P&I rates and age, influenza year, and cohort. The increase in disease rates with age accounted for most of the variability by age and influenza season. Consistent relationships between disease rates and birth cohorts remained, even after controlling for age. Seasonal associations were stronger for influenza than for pneumonia. These findings suggest that there may be a set of unmeasured characteristics or events people of certain ages experienced contemporaneously that may account for the observed differences in P&I rates in birth cohorts. Further understanding of these circumstances and those resulting age and cohort groups most vulnerable to P&I may help to target health services towards those most at risk of disease.
Influenza Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: Ten-Year Experience of a Large Healthcare Organization
Authors: Ajenjo M. Cristina , Woeltje Keith F. , Babcock Hilary M. , Gemeinhart Nancy , Jones Marilyn , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: January 2010

Objective.To describe the results of different measures implemented to improve adherence to the healthcare worker (HCW) influenza immunization program at BJC HealthCare during the period from 1997 through 2007.Design.Descriptive retrospective study.Setting.BJC HealthCare, a 13-hospital nonprofit healthcare organization in the Midwest.Methods.We reviewed and analyzed HCW influenza vaccination data from all BJC HealthCare Occupational Health Services and hospitals during the period from 1997 through 2007. Occupational health staff, infection prevention personnel, and key influenza vaccination campaign leaders were also interviewed regarding implementation measures during the study years.Results.At the end of 2007, BJC HealthCare had approximately 26,000 employees. With the use of multiple progressive interventions, influenza vaccination rates among BJC employees increased from 45% in 1997 to 72% in 2007 (P<.001). The influenza vaccination rate in 2007 was significantly higher than in 2006: 72%, compared with 54% (P<.001). Five hospitals had influenza vaccination rates that exceeded the target goal of 80% in 2007. The most successful interventions were adding influenza vaccination rates to the quality scorecard incentive program and the use of declination statements, both of which were implemented in 2007. The most important barriers to success identified by interview respondents were HCWs' misconceptions about influenza vaccination and a perceived lack of leadership support.Conclusions.Influenza vaccination rates among HCWs significantly improved with multiple interventions over the years. However, the BJC HealthCare influenza vaccination target of 80% was not attained at all hospitals with these measures. More aggressive interventions, such as implementing mandatory influenza vaccination policies, are needed to achieve higher vaccination rates.
Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the status of marine ecosystems around the world
Authors: Blanchard Julia L. , Coll Marta , Trenkel Verena M. , Vergnon Rémi , Yemane Dawit , Jouffre Didier , Link Jason S. , Shin Yunne-Jai 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Blanchard, J. L., Coll, M., Trenkel, V. M., Vergnon, R., Yemane, D., Jouffre, D., Link, J. S., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Trend analysis of indicators: a comparison of recent changes in the status of marine ecosystems around the world. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 732–744. Time-series of ecological and exploitation indicators collected from 19 ecosystems were analysed to investigate whether there have been temporal trends in the status of fish communities. Using linear and non-linear statistical methods, trends are reported for six indicators (mean length of fish in the community, mean lifespan, proportion of predatory fish, total biomass of surveyed species, mean trophic level of landings, and inverse fishing pressure), and the redundancy of these indicators across ecosystems is evaluated. The expected direction of change for an ecosystem that is increasingly impacted by fishing is a decline in all indicators. A mixture of negative and positive directions of change is recorded, both within and among all ecosystems considered. No consistent patterns in the redundancy of the ecological indicators across ecosystems emerged from the analyses, confirming that each indicator provided complementary information on ecosystem status. The different trends in indicators may reflect differing historical exploitation patterns, management, and environmental regimes in these systems. Commitment to monitoring programmes and development of system-specific baseline, target, and threshold reference levels are required. Improved understanding of the responsiveness and performance of ecological indicators to management actions are needed to address adequately whether ecosystems are recovering from, or being further impacted by, fishing, and whether management targets are being met. The relative effects of multiple environmental and ecological processes as well as multiple human-induced stressors that characterize exploited ecosystems also need to be quantified.
A New Disease, Arboricola Leaf Spot of Bell Pepper, Caused by Xanthomonas arboricola
Authors: Myung I.-S. , Jeong I. H. , Moon S. Y. , Lee S. W. , Shim H. S. 
Published: January 2010

In June 2007, a leaf spot disease was observed on seedlings of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. angulosum) in a commercial greenhouse in Iksan City, Korea. Symptoms on leaves included small, irregularly shaped, brown lesions with yellow halos and marginal necrosis. Four bacterial isolates, BC2526, BC2527, BC2528, and BC2529, were obtained from the diseased plants. The isolates were gram-negative aerobic rods with a single flagellum. On peptone sucrose agar, colonies were yellow and raised with smooth margins. Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying cell suspensions containing 106 CFU/ml onto seedlings of bell pepper (cv. Fieste), tomato (Solanum lycopersicon cv. Seokwang), and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Daekwang) in a greenhouse maintained at 26 ± 3°C. The isolates induced symptoms, spots, and margin blights on leaves of bell pepper, tomato, and hot pepper 2 weeks after inoculation. No symptoms were noted on the control plants inoculated with sterilized distilled water. The identity of the bacteria was confirmed with the Biolog Microbial Identification System, version 4.2 (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA). The gyrB region was partially sequenced to aid in identification of four isolates using PCR primers reported by Parkinson et al. (1). A 701-bp fragment of the gyrB region from the isolates was compared with sequences of the reference strains of Xanthomonas available in the DDBL/EMBL/GenBank databases (4). The bacterial isolates clustered with Xanthomonas arboricola pathovars in a phylogenetic tree generated with the neighbor-joining method in MEGA (version 4.1) (3). The sequence of the gyrB from the isolates had distance indexes of 0.016, 0.014, 0.016, 0.013, 0.037, and 0.019 as determined by the Jukes-Cantor model (2) with sequences of the reference strains of X. arboricola pvs. pruni (EU498953), celebensis (EU498984), corylina (EU499002), juglandis (EU 498951), populi (EU 499035), and a X. arboricola strain from bell pepper (EU 499039) (4), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf disease on bell pepper caused by X. arboricola. We propose the name arboricola leaf spot for the disease. Further studies are required for determining pathovar status of the strain. Nucleotide sequence data reported are available under Accession Nos. GQ502678, GQ502679, GQ502680, and GQ502681 for gyrB of BC2626, BC2527, BC2528, and BC2923, respectively. The disease is expected to have a significant economic impact on tomato and pepper production in Korea. References: (1) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:264, 2009. (2) N. Saitou and M. Nei. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406, 1987. (3) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1596, 2007. (4) J. M. Young et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:366, 2008.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces biocellatus on Peppermint in California
Authors: Marcum D. B. , Perez K. , Davis R. M. 
Published: January 2010

In August of 2009, powdery mildew was observed on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in several commercial fields in the Fall River Valley of eastern Shasta County, California. Plant growth was apparently reduced by the disease, but its impact on yield was unknown. White fungal growth was restricted to the adaxial surfaces, where colonies were thin and effused. Heavily infected leaves developed a reddish tint as growth prematurely ceased. Doliform conidia ([26.6-] 29.2 [-31.7] × [13.2-] 15.6 [-16.8] μm) were produced in chains of approximately six conidia. Foot cells were cylindrical ([41.3-] 55.2 [-75.0] × [11.2-] 12.0 [-12.8] μm). Immature chasmothecia were yellowish brown and approximately 100.0 μm in diameter with flexuous, mycelium-like appendages up to 200 μm long. All these features were consistent with those of Golovinomyces biocellatus. Asci were not observed. To confirm the identity of the fungus, nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified by PCR with universal primers ITS4 and ITS5. The sequence (537 bp) was an exact match for several submissions of G. biocellatus in GenBank (e.g., Accession No. EU035602, a sequence of the fungus from mint in Australia [1]). Pathogenicity was confirmed by brushing spores from naturally infected leaves onto three rooted cuttings of M. piperita ‘Black Mitchum’. After the plants were covered with a plastic bag for 36 h to maintain high humidity, they were kept on a greenhouse bench at 23 to 28°C. Three noninoculated plants, which served as controls, were placed in another greenhouse in similar conditions. The experiment was repeated once. All inoculated plants developed signs of powdery mildew within 7 days of inoculation whereas noninoculated plants remained disease free. The fungus on inoculated leaves was morphologically indistinguishable from the one used to inoculate the plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. biocellatus on peppermint in California. References: (1) J. R. Liberato and J. H. Cunnington. Australas, Plant Dis. Notes 2:38, 2007.
First Report of Waitea circinata from Turfgrass in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: de la Cerda K. , Hsiang T. , Joshi V. 
Published: January 2010

In Canada, Waitea circinata was first identified from buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) in 1965 in Ontario (4). In 2004, the fungus was found on diseased putting greens of Poa annua and Agrostis stolonifera near Toronto, Ontario (2). In late July 2009, symptoms on A. stolonifera resembling those of brown ring patch were seen at a golf course in Kelowna, British Columbia. Brown rings with light-colored, cottony growth were observed on a putting green with mixed P. annua and A. stolonifera, originally seeded with A. stolonifera cv. Penncross. Following a short incubation of the diseased grass at 25°C, hyphae of a Rhizoctonia-like fungus, not matching the characteristics of R. cerealis or R. solani, were seen. Symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized in 1% hypochlorite and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin. After 1 week at 23°C, the plates contained white colonies that were 5 cm across. DNA was extracted and amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced with ITS1. The 600-bp sequence (deposited in GenBank as GU176409) from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA showed a 100% match in the overlapping range with sequence FJ755879 from GenBank, which is annotated as W. circinata var. circinata. Pathogenicity was tested at 23°C by inoculating 3-week-old A. stolonifera ‘Penncross’ plants grown in Magenta boxes and incubated for 15 days after inoculation with ground wheat seed inoculum of W. circinata. Within 1 week, significant blighting of leaves and sheaths was observed as well as spherical orange brown sclerotia that were 2 to 5 mm in diameter on sheaths. These sclerotial features match characteristics of W. circinata var. circinata (1). Symptomatic leaves were plated on PDA and fungal growth characteristic of W. circinata was recovered. W. circinata was previously reported as the causal agent of brown ring patch on A. stolonifera in Japan (3), as a pathogen of P. annua in the United States (1), and as a pathogen of both species in Ontario, Canada (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of W. circinata from turfgrass in western Canada. References: (1) C. M. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 93:906. 2009. (2) T. Hsiang and P. Masilamany. Plant Pathol. J. 56:350, 2007. (3) T. Toda et al. Plant. Dis. 89:536, 2005. (4) O. Vaartaja. Bi-Mon. Progr. Rep. Can. Dep. For. 21(5):2. 1965.
First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Rot of Garlic Bulbs in Spain
Authors: Palmero D. , De Cara M. , Iglesias C. , Moreno M. M. , González N. , Tello J. C. 
Published: January 2010

In October of 2008, decayed garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L. cv. Blancomor de Vallelado) were received from a producer in Segovia, Spain. In November of 2009, similar symptoms were observed on stored bulbs (cvs. Blancomor de Vallelado and Garcua) from each of 30 municipalities in northwest Segovia and Valladolid. A minimum of one sample was collected from 12 localities. Pieces of symptomatic bulbs were surface disinfested for 2 to 3 min in 0.5% NaOCl and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Komada's media. Colonies had catenate microconidia and curved macroconidia that were usually three to five septate. Microconidia were club shaped with a flattened base, aseptate, and were produced on both mono- and polyphialides. On the basis of morphological features, the fungus was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (T. Matsushima) Nirenberg (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with 12 isolates of the fungi following the method of Dugan et al. (1). Each assay with an isolate consisted of six cloves (cv. Blancomor de Vallelado) disinfested in 0.5% NaOCl for 45 s, rinsed with sterile water, and injured to a depth of 4.5 mm with a probe 1 mm in diameter. The wound was filled with PDA colonized by the appropriate isolate. Six cloves for each tested isolate received sterile agar as a control. The cloves were incubated at 25°C for 5 weeks. The test was repeated once with cv. Garcua. All isolates produced water-soaked, tan lesions. An isolate of the fungus was deposited in the collection of the Plant Production Department of the University of Almeria. No fungi were recovered from the control cloves. F. proliferatum has been reported on garlic in the northwestern United States (1) and Serbia (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Fusarium sp. in the section Liseola attacking garlic in Spain. The fungus seems to be well established on this host in Spain. References: (1) F. M. Dugan et al. Phytopathology 155:437, 2007. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (3) H. Nirenberg et al. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (4) S. Stankovic et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 118:165, 2007.