bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of ethanol separation by the membrane distillation process
Authors: Tomaszewska Maria , Białończyk Lidia 
Published: October 2011

The investigation of ethanol separation by the membrane distillation process
Separation of ethanol from solutions with different concentrations in a BIOTRON bioreactor integrated with the direct contact membrane distillation system has been investigated. The experiments were carried out using immersed, capillary polypropylene membranes. The permeability of the membrane at the feed inlet temperatures of 308, 318 and 333K was determined. The permeate and ethanol flux was strongly affected by the vapour pressure which increased with the feed temperature and it was also associated with ethanol concentration in the feed. It was found that the membrane distillation can be successfully applied for the separation of volatile components such as ethanol.
The Steps of Slovenian Organisations on the Way to Business Excellence
Authors: Gomišček Boštjan , Pibernik Anja 
Published: October 2011

The Steps of Slovenian Organisations on the Way to Business Excellence
This research was carried out among the winners of the Slovenian business excellence prize (PRSPO), finalists and those who received special diplomas as a recognition level reached by applicants in implementing the business excellence model. Based on the findings of the research, we defined eight steps that organizations can consider as a guide on the path towards excellence.
The purpose of the study was to examine how the previous winners of the PRSPO began their journey towards excellence, which were the key factors, what problems they encountered and how they managed to win the diploma or award.
The analysis of the survey showed that the ISO 9001 standard is considered a first step towards the Slovenian business excellence award - in fact, it is a prerequisite for further improvements in the organization. The second step involves top management commitment and support for the introduction of excellence into business processes. The top management, in cooperation with all the employees, defines the areas for improvement and also confirms the method of implementation, both conceptually and financially. It is also necessary to take environmental aspects into consideration, which is provided by a third step along with the introduction of the ISO 14001. Once an organization defines the processes, it begins to introduce the business excellence model in the fourth step and carries out the self-assessment process. The key opportunities for improvement identified by the self-assessment process are further introduced in the business. In doing so, the organization can use various quality management approaches (the fifth step) and the first application for the PRSPO. In the sixth step, the organization encourages its employees to follow continuous education and innovation and, in the seventh step, participates again in the competition for the Slovenian business excellence award. As the required business excellence level is achieved, the organization receives the award for business excellence (PRSPO).
Sponges from the Middle Triassic reef limestone of the Aggtelek Karst (NE Hungary)
Authors: Senowbari-Daryan Baba , Kovács Sándor , Velledits Felicitász 
Published: October 2011

Sponges from the Middle Triassic reef limestone of the Aggtelek Karst (NE Hungary)
The hypercalcified sponge fauna of the Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) reef limestone exposed between Aggtelek-Jósvafő-Égerszög (northern Hungary) is described. Almost all the identified species are chambered sponges ("sphinctozoa"). Only two fragments of a not determinable species of non-chambered species ("inozoa") were identified. Hexactinellid sponges are not found. The majority of the Middle Anisian "sphinctozoans" are absolutely different genera, not known from the Permian reefs. The sponge fauna of the Triassic pioneer reefs in the Aggtelek Karst are distinctly small-scaled occurring in "Tubiphytes"-dominated carbonates. The following taxa are described: Amblysiphonella sp., Celyphia zoldana Ott, Pisa & Farabegoli, Colospongia catenulata catenulata Ott, C. catenulata macrocatenulata Scholz, Follicatena cautica Ott, Kovacsia baloghi (Kovács), Solenolmia manon manon (Münster), S. radiata Senowbari-Daryan & Riedel, Olangocoelia otti Bechstädt & Brandner, Thaumastocoelia dolomitica Senowbari-Daryan, Zühlke, Bechstädt & Flügel, Thaumastocoelia cf., Th. cassiana Steinmann.
Afro-Asian cockroach from Chiapas amber and the lost Tertiary American entomofauna
Authors: Vršanský Peter , Cifuentes-Ruiz Paulina , Vidlička Ľubomír , Čiampor Fedor , Vega Francisco 
Published: October 2011

Afro-Asian cockroach from Chiapas amber and the lost Tertiary American entomofaunaCockroach genera with synanthropic species (Blattella, Ectobius, Supella, Periplaneta, Diplopteraand ?Blatta), as well as other insects such as honeybees, although natively limited to certain continents nowadays, had circumtropic distribution in the past. The ease of their reintroduction into their former range suggests a post-Early Miocene environmental stress which led to the extinction of cosmopolitan Tertiary entomofauna in the Americas, whilst in Eurasia, Africa and Australia this fauna survived. This phenomenon is demonstrated here on a low diversity (10 spp.) living cockroach genusSupella, which is peculiar for the circumtropical synanthropic brownbanded cockroachS. longipalpaand also for its exclusively free-living cavicolous species restricted to Africa.S. (Nemosupella) miocenicasp. nov. from the Miocene amber of Chiapas in Mexico is a sister species to the livingS. mirabilisfrom the Lower Guinea forests and adjacent savannas. The difference is restricted to the shape of the central macula on the pronotum, and size, which may indicate the around-Miocene origin of the living, extremely polymorphicSupellaspecies and possibly also the isochronic invasion into the Americas. The species also has a number of characteristics of the Asian (and possibly also Australian) uniform genusAllacta(falling within the generic variability ofSupella) suggestingSupellais a direct ancestor of the former. The present species is the first significant evidence for incomplete hiati between well defined cockroach genera — a result of the extensive fossil record of the group. The reported specimen is covered by a mycelium of a parasitic fungusCordycepsorEntomophthora.
Predicting subsurface soil layering and landslide risk with Artificial Neural Networks: a case study from Iran
Authors: Farrokhzad Farzad , Barari Amin , Ibsen Lars , Choobbasti Asskar 
Published: October 2011

Predicting subsurface soil layering and landslide risk with Artificial Neural Networks: a case study from Iran
This paper is concerned principally with the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in geotechnical engineering. In particular the application of ANN is discussed in more detail for subsurface soil layering and landslide analysis. Two ANN models are trained to predict subsurface soil layering and landslide risk using data collected from a study area in northern Iran. Given the three-dimensional coordinates of soil layers present in thirty boreholes as training data, our first ANN successfully predicted the depth and type of subsurface soil layers at new locations in the region. The agreement between the ANN outputs and actual data is over 90 % for all test cases. The second ANN was designed to recognize the probability of landslide occurrence at 200 sampling points which were not used in training. The neural network outputs are very close (over 92 %) to risk values calculated by the finite element method or by Bishop's method.
Numerical modelling of a microreactor for thermocatalytic decomposition of toxic compounds
Authors: Jóźwik Paweł , Karcz Michał , Badur Janusz 
Published: October 2011

Numerical modelling of a microreactor for thermocatalytic decomposition of toxic compounds
In this paper a three-dimensional model for determination of a microreactor's length is presented and discussed. The reaction of thermocatalytic decomposition has been implemented on the base of experimental data. Simplified Reynolds-Maxwell formula for the slip velocity boundary condition has been analysed and validated. The influence of the Knudsen diffusion on the microreactor's performance has also been verified. It was revealed that with a given operating conditions and a given geometry of the microreactor, there is no need for application of slip boundary conditions and the Knudsen diffusion in further analysis. It has also been shown that the microreactor's length could be practically estimated using standard models.
The Impact of Nutritional Awareness Package (NAP) on Secondary School Students for the Improvement of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) at Rural Areas of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal
Authors: Maiti Soumyajit , Chatterjee Kausik , De Debasis , Ali Kazi Monjur , Bera Tushar Kanti , Jana Kishalay , Ghosh Debidas 
Published: October 2011

Objective: Nutritional problem in school age children is common throughout the India. Occurrence of nutritional problems like anaemia, scurvy, ricket and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) may develop due to lack of knowledge and awareness. Poor knowledge on nutrition among children can lead to unhealthy community. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of school-based nutrition awareness package on the development of nutritional knowledge of school children at rural areas of West Medinipur district. Material & Methods: Total 827 secondary school children were selected randomly from class VII to IX of three different schools of West Medinipur comprising 433 boys and 394 girls. To access the awareness level, a peer-reviewed, scoring system questionnaire was applied. The nutrition education was imparted through lectures, audiovisual aids and demonstrations for three months in school settings. Before and after imparting nutrition education, the changes in knowledge, attitude and practices regarding good nutrition was evaluated by questionnaire method. Results: After delivery of nutrition education, a significant improvement in their nutritional knowledge was observed. Nutritional knowledge was improved significantly on anaemia (p≤0.001), scurvy (p≤0.001), ricket (p≤0.001) and PEM (p≤0.001) at post-awareness stage. The analysis of data also inferred that the students scoring more marks in management part of deficiency diseases which is important during their future life. The study was successful in identifying certain gaps in their knowledge, attitude and practices before imparting nutrition education. Conclusion: It is concluded that a school-based comprehensive nutritional programme has significant effect on cognitive and attitudinal variables to increase the level of knowledge and to follow-up appropriate dietary behaviours. The findings support the importance of knowledge in nutrition of the children in connection with the development of healthy dietary behaviours. Key Words: School Children; Nutritional diseases; NAP; KAP DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3976Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 87-92
Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: The names and identities of the American segregate genera
Authors: Delgado‐Salinas Alfonso , Thulin Mats , Pasquet Rémy , Weeden Norm , Lavin Matt 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of study: The legume genus Vigna and close relatives have highly elaborated floral morphologies that involve the coiling, bending, and intricate connection of flower parts. Banners, levers, platforms, and pumps have evolved that attract pollinators and then manipulate their movement. Given this three‐dimensional floral complexity, the taxonomy of Vigna and relatives has been confounded by the study of mostly two‐dimensional museum specimens. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was undertaken in the effort to resolve long‐standing taxonomic questions centered on floral morphology.• Methods: The phylogenetic analysis included cpDNA trnK and nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S (ITS) sequence variation. The American species were comprehensively sampled and outgroups included Old World relatives.• Key results: The trnK and ITS data analyses concurred in resolving six well‐supported clades of American Vigna that are most closely related to other American genera: Dolichopsis, Macroptilium, Mysanthus, Oryxis, Oxyrhynchus, Phaseolus, Ramirezella, and Strophostyles. These 14 American clades ranked here as genera are resolved as sister to a clade comprising the mainly Old World species of Vigna.• Conclusions: American Vigna clades were reassigned to the genera Ancistrotropis, Cochliasanthus, Condylostylis, Leptospron, Sigmoidotropis, and the newly described Helicotropis. Vigna sensu stricto in the Americas now includes relatively few and mostly pantropical species. Elaborate floral asymmetries are readily used to apomorphically diagnose nearly all of the American genera. The age estimates of the extant diversification of the American and its Old World sister clade are approximately coeval at ca. 6–7 million yr, which belies much greater floral variation in the Americas.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Hebanthe eriantha (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Figueira Glyn M. , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Silva Carolina M. S. , Zucchi Maria I. , Monteiro Mariza , Rodrigues Marili V. N. 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Hebanthe eriantha (Amaranthaceae) is extensively collected and used in folk medicine. Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of germplasm collections of this species.• Methods and Results: Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from two to eight. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.808 and 0.455 to 0.851, respectively.• Conclusions: These results show the utility of microsatellite loci for studies of population genetics in H. eriantha, which are important for the future conservation and cultivation of this medicinal species.
Dimethyl Fumarate, an Immune Modulator and Inducer of the Antioxidant Response, Suppresses HIV Replication and Macrophage-Mediated Neurotoxicity: A Novel Candidate for HIV Neuroprotection
Authors: Cross Stephanie A. , Cook Denise R. , Chi Anthony W. S. , Vance Patricia J. , Kolson Lorraine L. , Wong Bethany J. , Jordan-Sciutto Kelly L. , Kolson Dennis L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDespite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection promotes cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration through persistent inflammation and neurotoxin release from infected and/or activated macrophages/microglia. Furthermore, inflammation and immune activation within both the CNS and periphery correlate with disease progression and morbidity in ART-treated individuals. Accordingly, drugs targeting these pathological processes in the CNS and systemic compartments are needed for effective, adjunctive therapy. Using our in vitro model of HIV-mediated neurotoxicity, in which HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages release excitatory neurotoxins, we show that HIV infection dysregulates the macrophage antioxidant response and reduces levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, restoration of HO-1 expression in HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages reduces neurotoxin release without altering HIV replication. Given these novel observations, we have identified dimethyl fumarate (DMF), used to treat psoriasis and showing promising results in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis, as a potential neuroprotectant and HIV disease-modifying agent. DMF, an immune modulator and inducer of the antioxidant response, suppresses HIV replication and neurotoxin release. Two distinct mechanisms are proposed: inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation and signaling, which could contribute to the suppression of HIV replication, and induction of HO-1, which is associated with decreased neurotoxin release. Finally, we found that DMF attenuates CCL2-induced monocyte chemotaxis, suggesting that DMF could decrease recruitment of activated monocytes to the CNS in response to inflammatory mediators. We propose that dysregulation of the antioxidant response during HIV infection drives macrophage-mediated neurotoxicity and that DMF could serve as an adjunctive neuroprotectant and HIV disease modifier in ART-treated individuals.
Simultaneous determination of sibutramine and its active metabolites in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Bae Jung‐Woo , Choi Chang‐Ik , Jang Choon‐Gon , Lee Seok‐Yong 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) technique was developed and validated for the determination of sibutramine and its N‐desmethyl metabolites (M1 and M2) in human plasma. After extraction with methyl t‐butyl ether, chromatographic separation of analytes in human plasma was performed using a reverse‐phase Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–10 mm ammonium formate buffer (50:50, v/v) and quantified by ESI‐MS/MS detection in positive ion mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 200 μL/min and the retention times of sibutramine, M1, M2 and internal standard (chlorpheniramine) were 1.5, 1.4, 1.3 and 0.9 min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range 0.05–20 ng/mL, for sibutramine, M1 and M2. The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 ng/mL using 500 μL of human plasma. The mean accuracy and the precision in the intra‐ and inter‐day validation for sibutramine, M1 and M2 were acceptable. This LC‐MS/MS method showed improved sensitivity and a short run time for the quantification of sibutramine and its two active metabolites in plasma. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of methyllycaconitine, selective α7 nicotinic receptor antagonist, in rodent plasma and brain tissue by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry – application to neuropharmacokinetics of methyllycaconitine in rats
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Kandikere Vishwottam , Komarneni Prashanth , Aleti Raghupathi , Boggavarapu Rajesh , Bhyrapuneni Gopinadh , Muddana Nageswararao , Mukkanti K. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of methyllycaconitine (MLA) in rat plasma and brain tissue. Following acetonitrile protein precipitation, the analyte was separated using a gradient mobile phase on a reversed‐phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M + H]+ ions, m/z 683–216 for MLA and m/z 260–116 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.5–250 ng/mL for MLA in rat plasma and brain tissue. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL. Acceptable precision (<12%) and accuracy (100 ± 6%) were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The method was successfully applied to quantify MLA concentrations in a rodent pharmacokinetic and brain penetration study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory focus and preference reversal between hedonic and utilitarian consumption
Authors: Roy Rajat , Ng Sharon 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis article explores the impact of consumers' regulatory goals on their relative focus on hedonic (versus utilitarian) benefits of products. Drawing from extant literature, we argue that promotion‐focused consumers will exhibit more favorable attitude towards a product when its hedonic benefits are highlighted in comparison to its utilitarian benefits. Prevention‐focused consumers on the other hand will exhibit more favorable attitude towards a product when its utilitarian benefits are highlighted in comparison to its hedonic benefits. We further argue that this effect is moderated by contextual factors, such as evaluation mode. In addition, we argue that the posited difference only holds when the hedonic and utilitarian products are evaluated individually. When the two products are evaluated jointly, both promotion and prevention‐focused individuals will exhibit more favorable attitude towards the hedonic product. Two studies were conducted to test the hypotheses and findings supported our predictions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Distribution in Aluminum‐Free Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12.
Authors: Xie Hui , Alonso Jose A. , Li Yutao , Fernandez‐Diaz Maria T. , Goodenough John B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn Al‐free sample of nominal composition Li7La3Zr2O12 is characterized by neutron diffraction in order to determine the Li distribution in the Li‐stuffed garnet structure and to clarify how the Li+—Li+ interactions limit the concentration of Li+ ions in the interstitial space and influence the Li ion conductivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stable Red Oxynitride β‐SiAlON:Pr3+ Phosphor for Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Liu Tzu‐Chen , Cheng Bing‐Ming , Hu Shu‐Fen , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSi5.984AlzOzN8‐z :Pr0.016 (z = 0—2.0) is prepared from α‐Si3N4, AlN, Al2O3, and Pr2O3 by gas pressure sintering at 1950 °C for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Properties of the New Pnictide Semiconductors A2CdPn2 (A: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu; Pn: P, As).
Authors: Wang Jian , Yang Min , Pan Ming‐Yan , Xia Sheng‐Qing , Tao Xu‐Tang , He Hua , Darone Gregory , Bobev Svilen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCa2CdP2, Ca2CdAs2, Sr2CdAs2, Ba2CdAs2, and Eu2CdAs2 are synthesized by high‐temperature metal flux reactions (700—960 °C, 20—24 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Hydrated Vanadium Pentoxide Nanobelts Based Bulky Paper as Flexible Binder‐Free Cathodes for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Yan Qingyu , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractV2O5·0.44H2O nanobelts are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of V2O5, H2O2, and NH4H2PO4 (H2O, autoclave, 180 °C, 48 h, 99% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Three Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphites with (3,4)‐Connected Frameworks.
Authors: Kang Maoping , Luo Daibing , Luo Xiuchao , Lin Zhien 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe crystal structures of the new open‐framework zinc phosphite compounds (II), (IV), and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Eight‐Coordinated Arsenic in the Zintl Phases RbCd4As3 and RbZn4As3: Synthesis and Structural Characterization.
Authors: He Hua , Tyson Chauntae , Bobev Svilen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMCd4Pn3 and MZn4Pn3 (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs; Pn: As, P) Zintl phases are synthesized from the elements by high temperature reactions (500—850 °C, 7—10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: [BMIm]4[Sn9Se20]: Ionothermal Synthesis of a Selenidostannate with a 3D Open‐Framework Structure.
Authors: Lin Yumei , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRed platelike crystals of [bmim]4[Sn9Se20] are synthesized from a mixture of [K4(H2O)4]SnSe4 and [bmim]BF4 (autoclave, 150 °C, 68% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Distorted Open‐Shell Endohedral Zintl Cluster: [Mn@Pb12]3‐.
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Kraemer Tobias , Thompson Amber L. , McGrady John E. , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract[K(2,2,2‐crypt)]3[Mn@Pb12]·1.5en is synthesized by addition of a solution of Mn3(Mst)6 in THF to a mixture of K4Pb9 and 2,2,2‐crypt dissolved in en.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles of the Novel Coordination Polymer KBi(H2O)2[Fe(CN)6]·H2O as a Potential Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography.
Authors: Perera Vindya S. , Hao Jihua , Gao Min , Gough Maya , Zavalij Peter Y. , Flask Chris , Basilion James P. , Huang Songping D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNanoparticles of the title compound are prepared by slow mixing of an aqueous K4[Fe(CN)6] solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone with an aqueous Bi(NO3)3 solution containing sodium citrate (room temperature, 30 min).