bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of weight loss on body fat distribution in obese children
Authors: TORIGOE KATSUMI , NUMATA OSAMU , MATSUNAGA MASAMITI , TANAKA YASUKI , IMAI CHIHAYA , YAMAZAKI HAJIME 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe intra‐abdominal visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio) has been reported to be strongly related to disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and hypertension. It is a matter of concern as to whether weight loss causes an improvement of the V/S ratio or not in obese children. Changes in body fat distribution during weight loss in 23 obese children were quantified by weight, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT scan of the abdomen). Twenty‐three patients were divided into two groups; six were in the inpatient group and 17 were in the outpatient group. Bodyweight, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were significantly higher in the inpatient group than in the outpatient group before weight loss. Whereas the V/S ratio was almost equal between the two groups before weight loss. Bodyweight, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were found to decrease significantly during weight loss in the two groups. The V/S ratio of the outpatient group did not change after weight loss. In contrast, the V/S ratio of the inpatient group decreased significantly during weight loss. These preliminary findings suggest that a large amount of body fat and a high obesity rate are not always accompanied by a high V/S ratio in obese children. The fat pattern changes during weight loss with strict dietary therapy and therapeutic exercise. A larger sample of obese children should be studied to test this conjecture.
Autoregressive analysis of cardiac RR intervals in preterm and full‐term infants
Authors: NYU AYA , OGAWA TERUYUKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFor the purpose of obtaining information on the maturation process of the autonomic nervous system in pre‐ and full‐term infants, polygraphs were recorded during sleep from a total of 52 appropriate‐for‐dates infants at a conceptional age of 28–41 weeks. The 104 RR interval time series was calculated by auto‐regressive (AR) and component analysis. Histograms of damping frequencies obtained were divided into two frequency bands: low frequency fluctuations (LF) of less the 0.1 cycle/beat (c/b) and high frequency fluctuations (HF) of more than 0.15 c/b. Total power and LF power decreased with increases in the conceptional age or postnatal age at a significance level of 0.01, respectively. In addition, the HF amount of bio‐informing activity increased (P< 0.001) and the damping time of HF also increased (P <0.01). From these results, it was speculated that the activity of the sympathetic system decreases with increases in conceptional or postnatal age. It was also speculated that increased regularity and oscillatory duration in HF might be caused by the development of the reciprocal response of respiration to heart rate variation.
High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in children with metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: KAI TAKESHI , ISHII EIICHI , MATSUZAKI AKINOBU , INABA SHOICHI , SUITA SACHIYO , UEDA KOHJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) was performed to improve the prognosis of children with metastatic neuroblastoma over 1 year of age at diagnosis. Seven stage IV neuroblastoma patients with a median age of 3.9 years (range 1.6–11.4 years) received conventional chemotherapy before leukapheresis for ABSCT. The median duration of chemotherapy before harvest was 8 months (range 3–23 months). Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were harvested from them after the use of cytotoxic drugs plus granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. The median number of granulocyte‐macrophage colony forming units collected after harvest was 23.2 × 104/kg (range 10.1–45.3 × 104/kg). The patients were administered HDC consisting of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan followed by ABSCT. Hematopoietic reconstitution after ABSCT was favorable; recovery of granulocytes count > 0.5 × 109/L occurred within 2 weeks and stable platelet engraftment occurred at a median duration of 23 days (range 7–33 days). The toxicity of ABSCT was well tolerable. Two of the four patients who received ABSCT at their first complete remission remained in remission 67 and 68 months after ABSCT. One with partial remission also showed a good response for 8 months. The other two at first relapse showed a transient regression of the tumor. The prognosis of seven patients who received ABSCT was significantly better than that of 13 patients who received conventional therapy alone. These findings suggest that HDC followed by ABSCT is safe and useful as consolidation therapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroblastoma.
Pneumomediastinum in newborns induced by the Elder CPR/demand valve during resuscitation
Authors: MATSUBARA KOUSAKU , NIGAMI HIROYUKI , HARIGAYA HIDEKAZU , BABA KUNIZOU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo term and one post‐term newborn infants with pneumomediastinum associated with the use of an Elder CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)/demand valve during resuscitation are described. Because of apnea or irregular gasping respiration after vaginal delivery, they received repetitive positive‐pressure ventilation with this resuscitator, which is designed to provide 100% oxygen with a limited pressure of up to 40 cmH2O. Following resuscitation, the infants had tachypnea and diminished breath sounds. Roentgenograms and computed tomography of the chest revealed pneumomediastinum in all three and cervical subcutaneous emphysema in one. They required 25–30% oxygen for 3–14 days until they recovered spontaneously. Thus, pressures as low as 40 cmH2O can cause barotrauma, and the Elder resuscitator, even when functioning properly, may injure the lungs of newborn infants.
Trends in development of anti‐infective agents in Japan
Authors: YAGISAWA MORIMASA , SUNAKAWA KEISUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNewly developed anti‐infective agents have been continuously supplied in the clinics of Japan over the past 50 years, and were beneficial in saving patients from life‐threatening infections. However, the emergence of resistant bacteria and uncommon pathogens has caused complications in chemotherapy. Further efforts have been made to develop newer and more effective agents to minimize such complications. The newest and the most effective agents are available even at primary‐care clinics, as the health insurance system allows the use of any agents approved by the government. Despite potential risks of the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, current usage of such effective agents shows more successful results, particularly in prognosis, than that of less effective ones. Because of the extreme changes in infectious diseases over the last 10–15 years, guidelines for the evaluation of anti‐infective agents have been proposed. It is essential to harmonize with the USA and the European guidelines for mutual acceptance of clinical data. However, it is true that practices of anti‐infective therapy in Japan, in the USA and in Europe are different both in dose regimen and assessments of efficacy and safety. As the leading country in the development of newer anti‐infective agents, Japan proposes the most sophisticated way to evaluate those agents to update knowledge in medical science.
Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in neonates
Authors: SATO YOSHITAKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pharmacodynamics in neonates are different from those in adults and children because the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in neonates are always changing for the following reasons. In neonates, the proportion of extracellular fluid is large; the amount of plasma protein is small; renal function is immature; and the hepatic enzyme system is immature. In addition, individual birthweights, gestational ages in weeks, cardiopulmonary functions and renal excretory functions vary. All of these factors should be considered when selecting the dose and administration method of a drug. In concrete terms the distribution volume is large, which causes a low maximum concentration. In addition neonate renal excretory function is low and the hepatic enzyme system is immature, thus the half‐life of drugs is prolonged. Therefore, the same dose per unit time as that for children (including infants) needs to be administered to neonates at dosing intervals that may be prolonged according to renal function.
Epstein‐Barr virus infection, Hodgkin's disease, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and reactive follicular hyperplasia in Japanese children: Evaluation of paraffin‐embedded specimens using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry
Authors: HIRAIWA HISAYUKI , HAMAZAKI MINORU , MURATA HIROAKI , TANIGUCHI KIYOSU , SAKURAI MINORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infections are common in Japanese children, with infections by EBV type 1. The relationships between EBV infection and lymphadenopathies in Hodgkin's disease (HD), non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH), and infectious mononucleosis (IM) in 37 Japanese children were evaluated. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded lymph node specimens that were obtained at surgical resection or biopsy were evaluated for the presence of EBV DNA and the latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The PCR detected EBV DNA in nine of 13 (69.2%) patients with RFH, including a case of IM, all three (100%) patients with HD, and one of 21 (4.8%) patients with NHL. All EBV‐positive samples contained EBV type 1. Reed‐Sternberg's cells in HD were immunohistochemically positive for LMP‐1, whereas all cases of RFH and NHL were negative for LMP‐1. Results suggest that EBV infection may be related to HD. Although no proof exists that EBV infection contributes to the transformation of cells, thus causing RFH or NHL, the present authors suggest that the EBV‐positive cases in Japanese children demonstrate a relationship between the clinical and histopathological features of the lymphadenopathy and EBV‐type 1 infection.
Infectious mononucleosis as a disease of early childhood in Japan caused by primary Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: KANEGANE HIROKAZU , KANEGANE CHIHARU , YACHIE AKIHIRO , MIYAWAKI TOSHIO , TOSATO GIOVANNA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study investigated 54 pediatric patients with acute Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Japan. Most of the acute cases clustered within the first 5 years of life, and the peak incidence was observed at around 4 years of age. These patients were arbitrarily separated into three age groups (less than 3 years, 3–5 years, and 6–14 years). Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were detected in more than 80% of all cases. Tonsillitis and splenomegaly were present in about 60% of cases. Skin manifestations and eyelids edema were less often detected in the older age group than in the younger age groups. In addition to an increase of total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood, a significant increase in the percentage of CD3+ CD8+ HLA‐DR+ T cells was always observed. Epstein‐Barr virus seropositivity increased soon after birth and reached approximately 70% around 3 years of age. Close to 100% of the adult controls were EBV seropositive. The results suggest that EBV‐induced acute IM is a disease of early childhood in Japan.
Childhood leukemia: Epidemiological investigation and effectiveness of treatment in Nagasaki over the past 12 years
Authors: KUSUYAMA MISAKO , MATSUMOTO KAZUHIRO , MATSUMOTO TADASHI , TSUJI YOSHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation of childhood leukemia was performed in Nagasaki Prefecture. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the disease as a whole by studying (i) the incidence classified by year, sex, area and disease type, (ii) age of onset, (iii) effectiveness of treatment, (iv) prognosis, and (v) possible association with the atomic bombing in 1945. The annual incidence was 3.0 per 100 000 children under 15 years of age, lower than the national average. There was no significant change in the annual incidence for 12 years. No increase in incidence was observed in Nagasaki City and its surrounding areas. There was no obvious difference in age of onset and incidence by sex from those previously reported. Acute lymphocytic leukemia accounted for a large part of childhood leukemia. There was no increase in the incidence of acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia, but its familial occurrence and accumulation were observed. The rate of first complete remission and the number of long‐term survivors increased with the improvement of treatment for acute leukemia. The influence of the atomic bomb was not clear when the incidence of disease types was compared between areas. The comparison of the disease type ratio in patients of the second and third generations of atomic bomb victims with that of patients without a family history of atomic bomb exposure also did not show an obvious influence of the bomb.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency with multiple minor anomalies
Authors: SAIJO HARUMI , TANAKA HAJIME , ITO JUNICHI , TASAKI TAKUMI , CHO KAZUHIKO , TOKUMITSU AYA , TAKAHASHI SATORU , MIYAMOTO AKIE , OKI JUNICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is known to cause congenital lactic acidosis. The case of a 9‐month‐old female infant with PDHC deficiency caused by a mutation in exon 11 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) Elα gene is described. Her facial features were as follows: frontal bossing, upslanting palpebral fissures, a short upturned nose, a long philtrum and low set ears. These anomalies are characteristic not only of a malformation syndrome or chromosomal aberration, but also of PDHC deficiency. Because PDHC deficiency requires early treatment, metabolic disorders should be kept in mind in a patient with dysmorphic features. Further, she had multiple minor anomalies including bilateral inguinal herniae, an umbilical hernia and small hands and feet, which have not been described in previous reports.
Acute fulminant ulcerative colitis with toxic megacolon
Authors: IGARASHI CHIHARU , HORI TSUKASA , YOSHIDA MASAKI , YOKOZAWA MASATO , FUJITA SHIGERU , YONEZAWA KAZUHIKO , TOSAKA MATSUMI , YOSHIDA YUTAKA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy with acute fulminant ulcerative colitis (UC) is presented. He had systemic deterioration with frequent diarrhea and lethargy. Acute fulminant UC associated with toxic megacolon was diagnosed by rectal endoscopy and biopsied specimen. He was treated with intensive intravenous administration of prednisolone and total parenteral nutrition. He recovered completely without any surgical intervention.
Systemic sclerosis in children: A national retrospective survey in Japan
Authors: FUJITA YUKIHIKO , YAMAMORI HIROYUKI , HIYOSHI KAZUO , INAMO YASUJI , HARADA KENSUKE , FUJIKAWA SATOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA retrospective questionnaire survey of pediatric departments, for childhood collagen disease from 1985 to 1994 was used to clarify the clinical features of scleroderma in Japan. In the primary survey, 0.9% of the children with a rheumatic condition had scleroderma. Answers to this questionnaire were received on 18 (localized 9; systemic 9) patients from 15 institutions. In order to examine systemic sclerosis (SSc), seven cases of SSc in Japanese articles during the same period as the questionnaire were added to these answers and compared to the Japanese epidemic study investigated by Fukuyama in 1974. There were 16 children, seven boys and nine girls, with SSc during the 10‐year period in Japan. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 8.0 ± 2.8 years and the age at diagnosis was 10.1 ± 3.0 years. Eighty percent of children had Raynaud's phenomenon at the onset of SSc, and skin and musculoskeletal involvement was highly recognized during the course of the disease. Atrophy of the frenulum linguae and lung fibrosis were commonly seen in SSc. In serological studies, 80% of children have antinuclear antibodies and approximately 50% of patients have anti‐Scl‐70 (topoisomelase I) antibodies at the onset and during the course of childhood SSc. The prognosis is poor, as remission occurred in only one child. The clinical symptoms and examination of serological autoimmune antibodies were supportive of an early diagnosis of SSc. When compared to the previous national survey of children with SSc, the present results showed that the male‐to‐female ratio was reduced, the age at onset was low, the positive incidence of serological autoimmune antibodies elevated, and the usage of vasodilators and nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) increased, with corticosteroids decreased. But, the positive percentage of clinical symptoms were not changed in both studies. For a complete retrospective nationwide epidemic survey carried out on children with scleroderma, especially SSc, it is important to include dermatology departments.
The clinical features of Sjögren's syndrome in Japanese children
Authors: TOMIITA MINAKO , SAITO KIMIYUKI , KOHNO YOICHI , SHIMOJO NAOKI , FUJIKAWA SATOSHI , NIIMI HIROO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSjögren's syndrome (SS) is thought to be uncommon in children. An epidemiological study to describe the clinical features distinguishing SS in Japanese children was performed by sending questionnaires to hospitals. A total of 61 cases of SS were reported from 1290 hospitals. The diagnosis of SS was based on histopathological changes and/or sialographic changes in the salivary glands. Forty‐two cases had primary SS and 19 were secondary SS with other autoimmune disorders. Fourteen cases (65%) of secondary SS were associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. In primary SS, the initial symptoms were systemic manifestations (fever, exanthema, arthralgia, etc) except for sicca symptoms. In laboratory studies, antinuclear antibodies, elevated serum IgG, rheumatoid factor, anti‐Ro/SS‐A antibodies and anti‐La/SS‐B antibodies were frequently observed.
Serum free carnitine levels in children with recurrent pulmonary infections
Authors: ERGüR AYÇA TöREL , TANZER FATOŞ , ÇETINKAYA öGE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe serum free carnitine levels of 33 children with recurrent pulmonary infection and 30 healthy children were measured and found to be 26.12 ± 0.98 nmol/mL and that of the control group 38.98 ± 0.79 nmol/mL on the average. The mean free carnitine level was statistically determined to be significantly lower when compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The results indicate that oral L‐carnitine therapy is recommended for pediatric patients with recurrent pulmonary infection.
Incidence of hypocomplementemia in elementary and junior high school children with urinary abnormalities
Authors: MURAKAMI MUTSUMI , TATSUMA NORIKO , TSUGU HITOSHI , AMBO KAZUTOSHI , TSUCHIYA MASAMI , YAMAMOTO MASAO , YAMAUCHI KUNIAKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAbnormalities were detected in 2669 of 326 257 elementary and junior high school children (169 856 males and 156 401 females) who were screened at school for urinary abnormalities. Serum complement (C3) level was measured in all 2669 children having urinary abnormalities (811 males, 1856 females). Three had a serum C3 level that was more than three standard deviations below the mean value. Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) was diagnosed on histological examination in one of these three children, while the other two did not undergo renal biopsy because they had serum C3 levels of 40 and 44 mg/dL, respectively, and because their urinary abnormalities were transient. It was considered that there is not much significance in testing the serum complement in the urine screening done at school and the cost/benefit ratio is low. The results appeared to reflect the frequency of persistent hypocomplementemic MPGN in Japan in recent years.
Does vancomycine increase aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
Authors: ERGüR AYÇA TöREL , ONARLIOGLU BILGE , GüNAY YASEMIN , ÇETINKAYA öGE , BULUT HüSEYIN ERAY 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVancomycine and amikacin combined is an effective antibiotic combination used in the treatment of serious Gram‐positive bacteremia in childhood. However, both drugs may have a potential nephrotoxic effect when used individually. The present study investigates whether the nephrotoxicity of these drugs that display a nephrotoxic effect when used separately increases when used in a combined manner. Ten 2‐month‐old rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of vancomycine (100 mg/kg) and amikacin (80 mg/kg) and ten other 2‐month‐old rats were administered amikacin (80 mg/kg) for a period of 15 days. The control group of animals consisting of five 2‐month old rats were untreated. The renal tissues obtained by laparotomy were processed for both light and electron microscopy. Paraffin sections and ultrathin sections were evaluated in order to determine the renal structure of the control and the experimental groups. In addition, serum creatinine and blood, urea and nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured in blood samples obtained from the rats. In the amikacin and combined amikacin‐vancomycine treatment groups, renal morphological changes were observed at the glomerular and tubular levels when compared to the control group, and the serum creatinine and BUN levels were also higher in these groups. Although both experimental groups were different from the control group, they had similar morphological and biochemical features. It was concluded that vancomycine did not influence the nephrotoxic effect of amikacin and both drugs could be used in a combined manner.
Differences in origin of the 1448C mutation in patients with Gaucher disease
Authors: IWASAWA KYOKO , IDA HIROYUKI , ETO YOSHIKATSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) can be caused by any of over 50 mutations of the gene of glucocerebrosidase (D‐glucosyl acylsphingosine glucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.45). The 1448T to C mutation is found among all ethnic groups. In Ashkenazi Jews, the patients who are homozygous for the 1448C mutation are associated with the neuropathic form of the disease, but this is not the case in Japanese patients. This present study was the analysis of the two haplotypes, the Pv1.1 and the liver/erythrocytes pyruvate kinase (PKLR), in Japanese GD patients who were homo‐ or heterozygous for the 1448C mutation, and comparison of the results with other ethnic patients with the same genotypes in order to show ethnic differences. Of 28 patients, 20 had type I disease (7 were homozygous for the 1448C), five had type II (1 was homozygous) and 3 had type III (all were heterozygous). In Japanese GD patients with the 1448C mutation, the two haplotypes showed complete matching in (+) or (‐). The Pv1.1/PKLR(+) alleles accounted for 84.0% and this frequency was opposite to that reported in Ashkenazi Jews and other Caucasians. The 1448C homozygous state showed no obvious linkage with either of the haplotypes. From this haplotype analysis, it is postulated that the origin of the 1448C mutation in Japanese GD patients is different from that reported in other ethnic groups.
A case of an iliopsoas abscess in a neonate
Authors: NATSUME HIROMUNE , NAKANISHI TOSHIKI , NAKAGAWA YUICHI , IGARASHI YOSHIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study describes a male neonate with an iliopsoas abscess. He was born by Caesarean section at 35 weeks and 3 days gestation. At 24‐days‐old he had a fever and localized swelling of the groin to the femur. By ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), the swelling was diagnosed as iliopsoas abscess. We treated him through percutaneous needle drainage and antibiotics. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in the culture of the fluid from the abscess and the urine. US and CT were useful for the diagnosis and provided guidance for the needle puncture and follow‐up of the iliopsoas abscess.