bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Prevention of Hyperkalemia With Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate in Cardiac and Kidney Patients on Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Inhibition Therapy
Authors: Chernin Gil , Gal‐Oz Amir , Ben‐Assa Eyal , Schwartz Idit F. , Weinstein Talia , Schwartz Doron , Silverberg Donald S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Hyperkalemia, induced by renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibition (RAAS‐I) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), or cardiac disease often leads to withdrawal of RAAS‐I therapy. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a potassium‐binding resin used for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Recently, concerns about the safety and efficacy of SPS were raised. We report here a follow‐up of 14 patients with CKD and heart disease on RAAS‐I treatment who were treated with low‐dose daily SPS to prevent recurrence of hyperkalemia.Hypothesis:Daily SPS is safe and effective for secondary prevention of hyperkalemia induced by RAAS‐I therapy in CKD patients with heart disease.Methods:We reviewed the medical charts of the patients with CKD (nondialysis patients) and heart disease treated in our CKD clinic from 2005 to 2010 and identified all patients on RAAS‐I therapy who were treated with daily SPS (sorbitol‐free) after episodes of hyperkalemia. Data on hospitalizations, symptoms that may be attributed to SPS therapy, and electrolyte concentration levels were obtained.Results:Fourteen patients were treated with low‐dose SPS therapy for a total of 289 months (median length of follow‐up, 14.5 months). None of the patients developed colonic necrosis or life‐threatening events that could be attributed to SPS use. Mild hypokalemia was noted in 2 patients and responded to reducing the dose of SPS. No further episodes of hyperkalemia were recorded while patients were on the therapy. SPS was well‐tolerated during the follow‐up without need for withdrawal or reduction of the dose of RAAS‐I therapy by any patients.Conclusions:Low‐dose SPS was safe and effective as a secondary preventive measure for hyperkalemia induced by RAAS‐I in CKD patients with heart disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Electrocardiography for Perioperative Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac, Nonvascular Surgery
Authors: Biteker Murat , Duman Dursun , Tekkeşin Ahmet İlker 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:The utility of routine preoperative electrocardiography (ECG) for assessing perioperative cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery (NCNVS) is unclear.Hypothesis:There would be an association between preoperative ECG and perioperative cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing NCNVS.Methods:A total of 660 patients undergoing NCNVS were prospectively evaluated. Patients age >18 years who underwent an elective, nonday case, open surgical procedure were enrolled. Troponin I concentrations and 12‐lead ECG were evaluated the day before surgery, immediately after surgery, and on the first 5 postoperative days. Preoperative ECG showing atrial fibrillation, left or right bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, frequent premature ventricular complexes, pacemaker rhythm, Q‐wave, ST‐segment changes, or sinus tachycardia or bradycardia were classified as abnormal. The patients were followed up during hospitalization and were evaluated for the presence of perioperative cardiovascular events (PCE).Results:Eighty patients (12.1%) experienced PCE. Patients with abnormal ECG findings had a greater incidence of PCE than those with normal ECG results (16% vs 6.4%; P < 0.001). Mean QTc interval was significantly longer in the patients who had PCE (436.6 ± 31.4 vs 413.3 ± 16.7 ms; P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between preoperative atrial fibrillation, pacemaker rhythm, ST‐segment changes, QTc prolongation, and in‐hospital PCE. However, only QTc prolongation (odds ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.06‐1.2, P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of PCE according to the multivariate analysis. Every 10‐ms increase in QTc interval was related to a 13% increase for PCE.Conclusions:Prolongation of the QTc interval on the preoperative ECG was related with PCE in patients undergoing NCNVS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Racial disparities in receipt and comparative effectiveness of oxaliplatin for stage III colon cancer in older adults
Authors: Mack Christina D. , Carpenter William , Meyer Anne‐Marie , Sanoff Hanna , Stürmer Til 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:African Americans in the United States have higher rates of colon cancer mortality than other races. This study examines the use of oxaliplatin, a novel chemotherapeutic agent approved in 2004, among African American and Caucasian American patients with stage III colon cancer to determine whether differential receipt or differential effectiveness of the drug may explain the racial disparity in colon cancer mortality.METHODS:The authors conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of stage III colon cancer patients aged 65 years and older treated from 2004 through 2006 who initiated chemotherapy within 90 days of surgical resection (N = 1162) using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare data. Patients receiving oxaliplatin (n = 477) were compared with those receiving 5‐fluorouracil without oxaliplatin (n = 685). The authors estimated prevalence ratios and hazard ratios (HRs) using multivariate binomial regression and Cox models to evaluate racial differences in oxaliplatin receipt and survival.RESULTS:African Americans were as likely as Caucasian Americans to receive oxaliplatin (40.5 vs 41.1%; prevalence ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71‐1.13). Oxaliplatin was associated with lower mortality compared with 5‐fluorouracil (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58‐1.00). This benefit appeared stronger among African Americans (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.09‐1.05) than Caucasian Americans (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60‐1.06).CONCLUSIONS:In Medicare‐insured patients receiving chemotherapy, the authors observed no meaningful racial disparities in receipt of oxaliplatin and, among those receiving it, potentially better survival among African Americans. Differential receipt and effectiveness of oxaliplatin‐containing regimens does not appear to contribute to the previously documented racial disparities in colon cancer survival. Understanding reasons for potentially enhanced effectiveness among African Americans may inform efforts to resolve racial disparities in colon cancer outcomes. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Completion of and early response to chemoradiation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive and HIV‐negative patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma in South Africa
Authors: Simonds Hannah M. , Wright Jason D. , du Toit Naomi , Neugut Alfred I. , Jacobson Judith S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Very few published studies have dealt with the management of locally advanced cervix carcinoma among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, radiation and chemotherapy treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women with cervical cancer.METHODS:The authors reviewed the charts of 59 HIV‐positive patients and 324 HIV‐negative patients who had stage IB1 to IIIB cervical carcinoma and who received radiation therapy. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared at the time of diagnosis; and radiation doses, chemotherapy cycles, and responses were compared at the time of brachytherapy and at 6‐week follow‐up. Logistic regression models of response to treatment were developed.RESULTS:Forty‐nine HIV‐positive patients (88.1%) but only 213 HIV‐negative patients (65.7%) presented with stage IIIB disease (P = .009). Forty‐seven HIV‐positive patients (79.7%) and 291 HIV‐negative patients (89.8%) completed the equivalent dose of 68 Grays (Gy) external‐ beam radiation and high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. (P = .03). Of the 333 patients who commenced concurrent chemotherapy, 26 HIV‐positive patients (53.1%) and 212 HIV‐negative patients (74.6%) completed ≥4 weekly cycles of platinum‐based treatment. Follow‐up was censured at 6 weeks. In models that included age, disease stage, HIV status, and treatment, a poor response at 6 weeks was associated only with stage IIIB disease (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.45‐3.96) and receiving an equivalent radiation dose in 2‐Gy fractions of <68 Gy (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.24‐7.94).CONCLUSIONS:HIV‐positive patients fared worse than HIV‐negative patients because of later presentation and a decreased likelihood of completing treatment. The current findings emphasize the importance of completing irradiation therapy. Further studies will address the association of these variables with survival. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Detection and analysis of resource usage anomalies in large distributed systems through multi‐scale visualization
Authors: Schnorr Lucas Mello , Legrand Arnaud , Vincent Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYUnderstanding the behavior of large scale distributed systems is generally extremely difficult as it requires to observe a very large number of components over very large time.Most analysis tools for distributed systems gather basic information such as individual processor or network utilization. Although scalable because of the data reduction techniques applied before the analysis, these tools are often insufficient to detect or fully understand anomalies in the dynamic behavior of resource utilization and their influence on the applications performance.In this paper, we propose a methodology for detecting resource usage anomalies in large scale distributed systems. The methodology relies on four functionalities: characterized trace collection, multi‐scale data aggregation, specifically tailored user interaction techniques, and visualization techniques. We show the efficiency of this approach through the analysis of simulations of the volunteer computing Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing architecture. Three scenarios are analyzed in this paper: analysis of the resource sharing mechanism, resource usage considering response time instead of throughput, and the evaluation of input file size on Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing architecture. The results show that our methodology enables to easily identify resource usage anomalies, such as unfair resource sharing, contention, moving network bottlenecks, and harmful short‐term resource sharing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of cryopreservation methods on T‐cell responses to islet and control antigens from type 1 diabetic patients and controls
Authors: Brooks‐Worrell B. , Tree T. , Mannering S. I. , Durinovic‐Bello I. , James E. , Gottlieb P. , Wong S. , Zhou Z. , Yang L. , Cilio C. M. , Reichow J. , Menart B. , Rutter R. , Schreiner R. , Pham M. , Petrich de Marquesini L. , Lou O. , Scotto M. , Mallone R. , Schloot N. C. ,   T‐Cell Workshop Committee, Immunology of Diabetes Society
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a cell‐mediated autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic islet cells. The use of cryopreserved cells is preferable to the use of freshly isolated cells to monitor clinical trials to decrease assay and laboratory variability.MethodsThe T‐Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society compared two widely accepted T‐cell freezing protocols (warm and cold) to freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with T1D and controls in terms of recovery, viability, cell subset composition, and performance in functional assays currently in use in T1D‐related research. Nine laboratories participated in the study with four different functional assays included.ResultsThe cold freezing method yielded higher recovery and viability compared with the warm freezing method. Irrespective of freezing protocol, B cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched, monocyte fraction decreased, and islet antigen‐reactive responses were lower in frozen versus fresh cells. However, these results need to take in to account that the overall response to islet autoantigens was low in some assays.ConclusionsIn the current study, none of the tested T‐cell functional assays performed well using frozen samples. More research is required to identify a freezing method and a T‐cell functional assay that will produce responses in patients with T1D comparable to responses using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistent glucose transporter expression on pancreatic beta cells from longstanding type 1 diabetic individuals
Authors: Coppieters Ken T. , Wiberg Anna , Amirian Natalie , Kay Thomas W. , von Herrath Matthias G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports have established the notion that many patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D) possess a remnant population of insulin‐producing beta cells. It remains questionable, however, whether these surviving cells can physiologically sense and respond to glucose stimuli.MethodsFrozen pancreatic sections from non‐diabetic donors (n = 8), type 2 diabetic patients (n = 4), islet autoantibody‐positive non‐diabetic patients (n = 3), type 1 diabetic patients (n = 10) and one case of gestational diabetes were obtained via the network for Pancreatic Organ Donors. All longstanding T1D samples were selected based on the detection of insulin‐producing beta cells in the pancreas by immunohistochemistry. RNA was isolated from all sections followed by cDNA preparation and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for insulin, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT2 and GLUT3. Finally, immunofluorescent staining was performed on consecutive sections for all four of these markers and a comparison was made between the expression of GLUT2 in humans versus NOD mice.ResultsIn contrast to islets from the most widely used T1D model, the NOD mouse, human islets predominantly express GLUT1 and, to a much lesser extent, GLUT3 on their surface instead of GLUT2. Relative expression levels of these receptors do not significantly change in the context of the various (pre‐)diabetic conditions studied. Moreover, in both species preservation of GLUT expression was observed even under conditions of substantial leucocyte infiltration or decades of T1D duration.ConclusionsThese data suggest that despite being subjected to multiple years of physiological stress, the remaining beta‐cell population in longstanding T1D patients retains a capacity to sense glucose via its GLUTs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple antigens versus single major antigen in type 1 diabetes: arguing for multiple antigens
Authors: DiLorenzo Teresa P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOur recent review of the literature revealed that approximately 20 antigens are now known to be targeted by T cells in the NOD mouse model of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Of these, insulin has received considerable attention and has been described by some in the research community as an ‘initiating’ or ‘single major’ antigen in the disease. Insulin may indeed be worthy of these titles, at least in NOD mice and in the context of the particular major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed in this strain. However, here we present arguments in favour of viewing type 1 diabetes as a disease in which multiple antigens should be considered, rather than just one. In our view, other antigens may prove to be more worthy of these titles in humans, and the major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed may well be a determining factor. Furthermore, even if insulin is ‘the initiating antigen’ in type 1 diabetes, multiple pathogenic specificities are known to exist even during the prediabetic period and it is at our peril that we ignore them. The recent discovery of novel beta‐cell antigens, e.g. ZnT8 and chromogranin A, has taught us that we still have much to learn about the targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. Increased knowledge will promote a clearer picture of disease pathogenesis and will better position the field to be successful in its translational goals of immune monitoring and disease prevention and reversal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Susceptibility influence of a PTPN22 haplotype with thyroid autoimmunity in Koreans
Authors: Lee Hye‐Soon , Kang Jungoo , Yang Seiwon , Kim Dukhee , Park Yongsoo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable amount of evidences in the Caucasians have suggested the association of a missense single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene (rs2476601) with several autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). As the SNP was reported to be non‐polymorphic in Asians, we attempt to explore an association of PTPN22 without restricting to the rs2476601 with AITD or T1D in Korean population.MethodsWe studied 389 T1D, 212 AITD (84 Graves' disease and 128 Hashimoto's thyroiditis) patients and 225 controls. In addition to the rs2476601, we selected five testing SNPs spanning 58 kb over the PTPN22 gene using the previous resequencing data and International HapMap Project.ResultsWe found that neither alleles, genotypes among all five SNPs, nor reconstructed haplotypes of five SNPs were associated with T1D. Interestingly, a minor allele of a SNP (rs12730735) and a haplotype (GGCTT) showed significant association with the susceptibility of AITD, especially with that of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the PTPN22 gene polymorphism independent of the SNP rs2476601 might be a supplementary risk factor to AITD, but not in T1D in Koreans, contradicting a major contributory influence of the PTPN22 gene in explaining common mechanism underlying multiple autoimmune diseases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immune regulation by CTLA‐4—relevance to autoimmune diabetes in a transgenic mouse model
Authors: Wang Chun Jing , Schmidt Emily M. , Attridge Kesley , Kenefeck Rupert , Wardzinski Lukasz , Chamberlain Jayne L. , Soulier Annelise , Clough Louise E. , Manzotti Claire N. , Narendran Parth , Walker Lucy S. K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) in immune regulation is unquestioned, yet a precise understanding of which cells express it, and how it mediates immune inhibitory function, is lacking. Regulatory T cells are known to constitutively express CTLA‐4 intracellularly, whereas conventional T cells require activation to trigger CTLA‐4 expression. However comparative analysis of CTLA‐4 trafficking in regulatory and conventional subsets has not been performed.MethodsHere we assess CTLA‐4 expression in antigen‐specific conventional and regulatory cells responding to immunizing antigen in vivo and analyse the membrane trafficking of CTLA‐4 using an in vitro recycling assay. We assess the expression of CTLA‐4 on Treg infiltrating the pancreas in the DO11 × RIP‐mOVA diabetes model and the role of CTLA‐4 in Treg function.ResultsRegulatory T cells show an enhanced capacity to traffic CTLA‐4 following stimulation compared with conventional T cells. Treg infiltrating the pancreas in DO11 × RIP‐mOVA mice show high expression of CTLA‐4. Furthermore CTLA‐4‐deficient Treg fail to control diabetes in an adoptive transfer model of diabetes, even in situations where they outnumber the disease‐inducing conventional T cells.ConclusionsThese data show that not only do regulatory T cells express higher levels of intracellular CTLA‐4 than conventional T cells, but they also show an increased capacity to traffic CTLA‐4 to the cell surface following stimulation. CTLA‐4 is strongly upregulated in regulatory T cells infiltrating the target tissue in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes and expression of this protein is critical for effective regulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LADA prevalence estimation and insulin dependency during follow‐up
Authors: Park Yongsoo , Hong Sangmo , Park Leejin , Woo Jungtaek , Baik Sehyun , Nam Munsuk , Lee Kwanwoo , Kim Youngseol ,   and on behalf of The KNDP collaboratory Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a form of autoimmune‐mediated diabetes in adults, usually defined by GAD autoantibody positivity. Few epidemiological surveys on LADA in Asians did not come to a conclusive answer regarding prevalence and incidence, because of different criteria used in patient ascertainment.MethodsWe estimated LADA prevalence in a recent type 2 diabetes cohort by the positivity of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cell antigens (GAD, IA‐2 and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8)) applying a comparable Caucasian criteria. We then observed the development of insulin dependency prospectively for 36 months.ResultsApplying the European NIRAD LADA group criteria, we found a high prevalence of LADA (4.4%) in Korean patients with phenotypic type 2 diabetes. This high prevalence of LADA in Korea is noteworthy since the previous population‐based LADA prevalence survey reported low prevalence (1.7%). When we consider the low‐titre GAD antibodies and the low prevalence of multiple autoantibodies, however, increased LADA prevalence does not necessarily mean increase in future insulin dependency. After 36 months of follow‐up, only 3 of 39 patients who were initially classified as LADA have become insulin‐dependent. Those three were all positive for multiple autoantibodies (GAD, IA‐2 and zinc transporter 8 antibody). Other features of insulin secretion or insulin resistance did not determine future insulin necessity.ConclusionsAlthough the LADA prevalence estimated by anti‐GAD positivity appeared to increase, the true insulin dependency evidenced by multiple antibody positivity did not increase in Korea. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppressive effect of docosahexaenoyl‐lysophosphatidylcholine and 17‐hydroxydocosahexaenoyl‐lysophosphatidylcholine on levels of cytokines in spleen of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Jim Mei Chen , Hung Nguyen Dang , Yoo Jae Myung , Kim Mee Ree , Sok Dai‐Eun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) with polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains has been known to be anti‐inflammatory in vivo. In the present study, we examined the effect of docosahexaenoyl‐lysophosphatidylcholine (DHE‐lysoPC) and 17‐hydroxydocosahexaenoyl‐lysophosphatidylcholine (17‐HDHE‐lysoPC) on spleen weight and cytokine level in spleen of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For this purpose, mice were administrated i.p. with DHE‐lysoPC or 17‐HDHE‐lysoPC 1 h before i.p. injection of LPS. First, DHE‐lysoPC (50–400 µg/kg) was found to suppress the LPS‐induced increase of spleen weight dose‐dependently, and such a suppressive effect was greater for 17‐HDHE‐lysoPC, compared to DHE‐lysoPC. Next, in an attempt to see the effect of DHE‐lysoPC on cytokine levels in spleen of mice treated with LPS, DHE‐lysoPC was found to suppress LPS‐induced increase in the levels of cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, or IL‐6 in a dose dependent manner (50–400 µg/kg), in contrast to DHA showing a significant action at a high dose (400 µg/kg) only. The greater suppressive effect of 17‐HDHE‐lysoPC (15–150 µg/kg) than DHE‐lysoPC suggested that action of DHE‐lysoPC may be enhanced through lipoxygenation process. Presumably in support of this, when the interval time between 17‐HDHE‐lysoPC administration and LPS challenge was varied, the cytokine‐suppressing effect was found to be augmented in a time‐dependent manner. Taken all together, it is suggested that DHE‐lysoPC and 17‐HDHE‐lysoPC may be beneficial in suppressing the inflammation in spleen tissue.