bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal and edible lignicolous fungi as natural sources of antioxidative and antibacterial agents
Authors: Karaman M. , Jovin E. , Malbaša R. , Matavuly M. , Popović M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of organic extracts of eight fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma applanatum, Meripilus giganteus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Flammulina velutipes, Coriolus versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Panus tigrinus, was evaluated for free radical (DPPH· and OH·) scavenging capacity and an effect on lipid peroxidation, and the antibacterial activity was tested by the agar well diffusion method. The highest DPPH· scavenging activity was found in the methanol extract of G. applanatum (12.5 μg/mL, 82.80%) and the chloroform extract of G. lucidum (510.2 μg/mL, 69.12%). The same extracts also showed the highest LP inhibition (91.83%, 85.09%) at 500 μg/mL, while the methanol extracts of G. applanatum and L. sulphureus showed the highest scavenging effect on OH· radicals (68.47%, 57.06%, respectively) at 400 μg/mL. A strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria was also manifested. The antioxidative potencies correlated generally with the total phenol content (0.19–9.98 mg/g). The HPLC determination showed that the majority of analysed species contained gallic and protocatechic acids. Consequently, these fungi are shown to be potential sources of antioxidative and antibacterial agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory properties ofMorus nigraleaves
Authors: Padilha Marina M. , Vilela Fabiana C. , Rocha Cláudia Q. , Dias Marcelo J. , Soncini Roseli , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Alves‐da‐Silva Geraldo , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate antiinflammatory activity of the methylene chloride extract ofMorus nigrain animal models. Carrageenan‐induced paw edema as well as fibrovascular tissue growth induced by s.c. cotton pellet implantation were used to investigate the antiinflammatory activity ofMorus nigraextract (MnE) in rats. A HPLC fingerprint was used for phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The MnE at test doses of 100–300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated antiinflammatory effects by reduced paw edema induced by carragenan and significantly inhibited the formation of granulomatous tissue. In addition, chemical compounds isolated fromMorus nigra, including betulinic acid, β‐sitosterol and germanicol, may be responsible for the antiinflammatory effect of the extract. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The differential effect of high and low molecular weight fucoidans on the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Park Seung‐Beom , Chun Kwang‐Rok , Kim Jae‐Kwan , Suk Kyungho , Jung Young‐Mi , Lee Won‐Ha 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFucoidans have been extensively studied for their various biological activities but the exact role of fucoidans on the inflammatory processes associated with arthritic disease has not been studied. The effect of the treatment of high, medium and low molecular weight fucoidans (HMWF, MMWF and LMWF, respectively) on the progression of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was tested. A daily oral administration of HMWF enhanced the severity of arthritis, inflammatory responses in the joint cartilage and the levels of collagen‐specific antibodies, while LMWF reduced the severity of arthritis and the levels of Th1‐dependent collagen‐specific IgG2a. Further in vitro analyses, using macrophage cell lines, revealed that the HMWF induced the expression of various inflammatory mediators, and enhanced the cellular migration of macrophages. These stimulatory effects of fucoidan decreased in fucoidans with lower molecular weights and LMWF did not exhibit any pro‐inflammatory effects. Interestingly, the oral administration of HMWF enhanced the production of IFN‐γ, one of the Th1 cytokines, in collagen‐stimulated spleen cells that had been isolated from CIA mice, while LMWF had the opposite effect. These results indicate that HMWF enhances arthritis through enhancing the inflammatory activation of macrophages while LMWF reduces arthritis through the suppression of Th1‐mediated Immune reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Yokukansan (TJ‐54) in the treatment of neurological disorders: a review
Authors: de Caires S. , Steenkamp V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractKampo herbal remedies are reported to have a wide range of indications and have attracted attention due to reports suggesting that these remedies are effective when used in disease treatment while maintaining a favourable quality of life. Yokukansan, also known as TJ‐54, is composed of seven herbs; Angelica acutiloba, Atractylodes lancea, Bupleurum falcatum, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cnidium officinale and Uncaria rhynchophylla. Yokukansan is used to treat insomnia and irritability as well as screaming attacks, sleep tremors and hypnic myoclonia, and neurological disorders which include dementia and Alzheimer's disease – the focus of this article. It is concluded that Yokukansan is a versatile herbal remedy with a variety of effects on various neurological states, without reported adverse effects. Traditional herbal medicines consist of a combination of constituents which account for the clinical effect seen. Likewise, the benefits of Yokukansan are probably attributable to the preparation as a whole, rather than to individual compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic effect of ferulic acid from Pseudosasa japonica leaves on enhancing exercise activity in mice
Authors: You Yanghee , Kim Kyungmi , Yoon Ho‐Geun , Lee Kwang‐Won , Lee Jeongmin , Chun Jiyeon , Shin Dong‐Hoon , Park Jeongjin , Jun Woojin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFerulic acid derived from Pseudosasa japonica leaves, which possessed antioxidative potentials with DPPH‐ (54%) and ABTs‐ (65%) radical scavenging activities, and lipid‐peroxidation inhibitory activity (71%), was orally administered to mice for 12 days in order to investigate its effects on exercise endurance capacity and alterations of antioxidant defense systems. Exhaustive swimming time was increased in the ferulic acid‐supplemented group compared with the control group on days 6 and 12 (1.7‐ and 1.8‐fold, respectively). When the mice were exhaustively exercised for 2 consecutive days, a high decrease (53%) was shown in the control group, but no change was found in the ferulic acid‐treated group. The administration of ferulic acid significantly protected the depletion of enzymatic‐ and non enzymatic‐antioxidants due to exhaustive exercise. Also, lipid‐peroxidation levels decreased in the ferulic acid‐treated group compared with the non exercised‐ and control‐groups. These results suggest that ferulic acid from Pseudosasa japonica leaves has a chronic effect on endurance exercise capacity, which is attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress by improving antioxidant potentials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of traditional Thai herbal remedies for aphthous ulcers
Authors: Mekseepralard Chantana , Kamkaen Narisa , Wilkinson Jenny M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFour medicinal plants (Quercus infectoria, Kaempferia galanga, Coptis chinensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) as well as one traditional Thai treatment for aphthous ulcers based on these four plants were tested for antimicrobial activity. MIC values for a range of bacteria and Candida albicans were determined, with both type strains and clinical isolates being used. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS radical scavenging assay. Among the four plants, Q. infectoria showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 0.41 mg/mL, while C. chinensis showed antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC of 6.25 mg/mL. Activity was also shown against a range of other organisms including Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The antimicrobial activity of the traditional aphthous ulcer preparation (a powder) was comparable to that for the individual plant extracts, however, incorporation of the powder into a gel formulation resulted in the loss of almost all activity. All extracts, with the exception of K. galanga, also showed good antioxidant activity. This study supports the traditional use of these plants and suggests that they may also be useful in the treatment of other infections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible mechanisms of vasorelaxation for 5,7‐dimethoxyflavone fromKaempferia parviflorain the rat aorta
Authors: Tep‐areenan Patcharin , Sawasdee Pattara , Randall Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the vascular effects of 5,7‐dimethoxyflavone (DMF), isolated from the rhizomes ofKaempferia parviflora(KP), on rat isolated aortic rings and its possible mechanisms. DMF (1–100 μm) caused concentration‐dependent relaxations in aortic rings precontracted with methoxamine. This effect was significantly reduced by removal of the endothelium, and after pretreatment withNG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 300 μm), indomethacin (10 μm) and 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo‐[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ, 10 μm), but not 9‐(tetrahydro‐2‐furanyl)‐9H‐purine‐6‐amine (SQ22536, 100 μm). Relaxant responses to DMF were significantly inhibited by high KCl (60 mm) in both endothelium‐intact and ‐denuded rings. In addition, the relaxations to DMF were significantly reduced by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 mm), glibenclamide (10 μm), 4‐aminopyridine (1 mm) or barium chloride (10 μm). Preincubation with DMF (10 and 100 μm) for 30 min significantly inhibited the contractile responses to CaCl2in a Ca2+‐free, high K+buffer. The present study demonstrated that DMF causes endothelium‐dependent relaxation that is partly mediated by NO‐cGMP and cyclooxygenase pathways. Interestingly, DMF‐induced responses are mainly due to increasing K+efflux, and inhibition of Ca2+influx from the extracellular space. The vasodilator effects of DMF provide experimental support for the potential use of KP as a medical plant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory effects in THP‐1 cells treated with verbascoside
Authors: Speranza Lorenza , Franceschelli Sara , Pesce Mirko , Reale Marcella , Menghini Luigi , Vinciguerra Isabella , De Lutiis Maria Anna , Felaco Mario , Grilli Alfredo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVerbascum thapsus commonly known as ‘mullein’ is part of a large family of Scrophulariaceae consisting of more than 360 species. From antiquity Verbascum thapsus has been used as a medicinal herb, it contains diverse polysaccharides, iroid glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oils and phenylentanoids. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L‐arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF‐kB. It is implicated in different pathophysiological events and its expression increases greatly during an inflammatory process, due to oxidative stress and the activation of the enzymes of the antioxidant network such as SOD, CAT and GPx.In this study an inflammatory state was reproduced by treating THP‐1 cells (human myelomonocytic leukaemia) with pro‐inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS and IFN‐γ, obtaining an up‐regulation both in the expression and in the activity of iNOS. The aim of the work was to investigate the antiinflammatory action of verbascoside using a concentration of 100 μm. The results show a significant decrease of the expression and activity of iNOS, extracellular O2− production, SOD, CAT and GPx activity when the cells were treated with verbascoside. Based on these results it is hypothesized that verbascoside has antiinflammatory properties since it reduces the production of superoxide radicals and consequently reduces the activity of iNOS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extract of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) stimulates 3t3‐l1 adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Joo Jeong In , Kim Dong Hyun , Yun Jong Won 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) has long been used as a folk medicine due to its numerous biological functions such as antibacterial, antiallergic, antiinflammatory and antioxidative activities. In the present study, it was found that the I. obliquus hot water extract (IOWE) activated adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Even in the absence of adipogenic stimuli by insulin, the IOWE strongly induced adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. The major constituent of IOWE was glucose‐rich polysaccharides with a molecular mass of 149 kDa. IOWE enhanced the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, increasing TG (triacylglycerol) accumulation that is critical for acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype, in a dose‐dependent manner. IOWE stimulated gene expression of C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors γ) during adipocyte differentiation, and induced the expression of PPARγ target genes such as aP2 (adipocyte protein 2), LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and CD36 (fatty acid translocase). Immunoblot analysis revealed that IOWE increased the expression of adipogenic makers such as PPARγ and GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4). The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that IOWE did not exhibit PPARγ ligand activity. Although these results require further investigation, the ability of natural mushroom product to increase PPARγ transcriptional activities may be expected to be therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacodynamic action of a commercial preparation of the mushroomCoprinus comatusin rats
Authors: Sabo A. , Stilinovic N. , Vukmirovic S. , Bukumiric Z. , Capo I. , Jakovljevic V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe pharmacodynamic effect of a 7‐day oral treatment with a suspension ofCoprinus comatusat doses of 0.835 and 1.670 g/kg in rats was studied. Changes in body weight, bile secretion and hypoglycaemic action were examined together with antipyretic activity and paw oedema tests. Such treatments resulted in a significantly lower increase in the body weight of tested animals (15.73 ± 8.36 g/rat in the untreated group, 8.44 ± 8.23 g/rat (p< 0.05) and 3.18 ± 7.93 g/rat (p< 0.05), forC. comatus0.835 and 1.67 g/kg, respectively). Hypoglycaemic action was evident only in the glucose load test (6.79 ± 0.61 to 9.70 ± 1.16 (p< 0.05) in the untreated group and 6.47 ± 0.35 to 7.27 ± 0.76 forC. comatus1.67 g/kg). Histological examination of pancreas cross‐sections suggested certain protective functions of the mushroom suspension in alloxan poisoning. In the antipyretic test, a significantly lower increase in body temperature was observed in the mushroom‐pretreated rats. In the paw oedema test, no decrease in oedema induced by formalin injection was observed following treatment withC. comatus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitexin, orientin and other flavonoids from Spirodela polyrhiza inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Kim JinPyo , Lee IkSoo , Seo JeongJu , Jung MunYhung , Kim YoungHee , Yim NamHui , Bae KiHwan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo investigate the adipogenesis inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation, 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with fractions and isolated flavonoids of Spirodela polyrhiza. An ethanol extract of S. polyrhiza was fractionated into three fractions. The butanol soluble fraction (SPB) exhibited potent antiadipogenesis activity and decreased C/EBPα and PPARγ protein expression level in 3T3‐L1 cells without significant cytotoxicity. The flavonoids were isolated from SPB and their chemical structures were identified as chrysoeriol (1), apigenin (2), luteolin (3), vitexin (4), cosmosin (5), orientin (6) and luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (7) by spectroscopic analysis. Studies on the adipogenesis and intracellular triglyceride accumulation inhibitory effect showed that compounds 4 and 6 had the highest activity and decreased C/EBPα and PPARγ protein expression level in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results suggest that the flavonoids isolated from SPB, especially compounds 4 and 6, contribute to the inhibitory activity of S. polyrhiza in 3T3‐L1 cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ginsenoside Rg1 modulation on thrombospondin‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in early renal fibrogenesis in unilateral obstruction
Authors: Xie Xi‐Sheng , Liu Heng‐Chuan , Wang Feng‐Ping , Zhang Cheng‐Long , Zuo Chuan , Deng Yao , Fan Jun‐Ming 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRenal interstitial fibrosis is the major histopathological change seen in a variety of renal disorders and is closely related to renal dysfunction. Progressive interstitial fibrosis accompanied by the loss of renal tubules and interstitial capillaries typifies all progressive renal disease. Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) is a major angiogenic inhibitor. It is demonstrated that TSP‐1 levels were correlated with the loss of glomerular and peritubular capillaries and TSP‐1 could promote renal scarring by effects on the endothelium. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited renal interstitial fibrosis in rats via suppressing the expression of TSP‐1. The present study was designed to examine whether ginsenoside Rg1 could modulate the integrity of the microvasculature and hence affect the progression of renal fibrosis in a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. In UUO control kidneys, associated with interstitial fibrosis, lower peritubular capillary densities were prominent. These changes were all improved by ginsenoside Rg1 treatment. Interestingly, ginsenoside Rg1 decreased the expression of TSP‐1 and enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The results show for the first time that ginsenoside Rg1 can evidently inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be related to suppression of the expression of TSP‐1 and to repair of the peritubular capillary. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of plant extracts tested in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment on cell survival and energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Schmidt Andreas Johannes , Krieg Jürgen‐Christian , Hemmeter Ulrich Michael , Kircher Tilo , Schulz Eberhard , Clement Hans‐Willi , Heiser Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPlant extracts such as Hypericum perforatum and Pycnogenol® have been tested as alternatives to the classical ADHD drugs. It has been possible to describe neuroprotective effects of such plant extracts. A reduction of ADHD symptoms could be shown in clinical studies after the application of Pycnogenol®, which is a pine bark extract. The impacts of the standardized herbal extracts Hypericum perforatum, Pycnogenol® and Enzogenol® up to a concentration of 5000 ng/mL on cell survival and energy metabolism in human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells has been investigated in the present examination. Hypericum perforatum significantly decreased the survival of cells after treatment with a concentration of 5000 ng/mL, whereas lower concentrations exerted no significant effects. Pycnogenol® induced a significant increase of cell survival after incubation with a concentration of 32.25 ng/mL and a concentration of 250 ng/mL. Other applied concentrations of Pycnogenol® failed to exert significant effects. Treatment with Enzogenol® did not lead to significant changes in cell survival.Concerning energy metabolism, the treatment of cells with a concentration of 5000 ng/mL Hypericum perforatum led to a significant increase of ATP levels, whereas treatment with a concentration of 500 ng/mL had no significant effect. Incubation of cells with Pycnogenol® and Enzogenol® exerted no significant effects.None of the tested substances caused any cytotoxic effect when used in therapeutically relevant concentrations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOF‐SIMS analysis of kidney stones possibly induced by the ingestion of melamine‐ containing milk products
Authors: Sodhi R. , Chen H. , Yang S‐P. , Hu B. , Zeng X. , Xiao R‐H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIngestion of melamine contaminated food likely product kidney stones and may leads to acute kidney failure in mammals. In this study, ToF‐SIMS has been applied to imaging the micro structure of kidney stone samples, revealing information of the micro structure of different stone samples. Our data indicate that the melamine‐induce stones were formed by different mechanisms. However, information obtained using other techniques is also required to correlate the detailed differences in the microstructure of the stone samples with the formation mechanism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lewis acid‐base properties of cellulose acetate butyrate by inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Rani P. Reddi , Ramanaiah S. , Reddy K. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe dispersive component of the surface‐free energy, $\gamma_{S}^{d}$, of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) has been determined using the net retention volume, VN, of n‐alkanes (C5C8) probes in the temperature range 323.15–393.15 K. The $\gamma_{S}^{d}$ values decrease nonlinearly with increase in temperature, and the temperature coefficients of $\gamma_{S}^{d}$ are − 0.32 (mJ/m2K) and − 0.10 (mJ/m2K) in the range 323.15–353.15 K and 353.15–393.15 K, respectively. This variation in $d\gamma_{S}^{d}\big/dT$ has been attributed to the structural changes that take place on the surface of CAB at ∼353.15 K. The specific components of the enthalpy of adsorption,${\Delta}H_{a}^{S}$, and entropy of adsorption, ${\Delta}S_{a}^{S}$, calculated using VN of polar solutes are negative. The ${\Delta}H_{a}^{S}$ values are used to evaluate Lewis acidity constant, Ka, and Lewis basicity constant, Kb, for the CAB surface. The Ka and Kb values are found to be 0.126 and 1.109, respectively, which suggest that the surface is predominantly basic. The Ka and Kb results indicate for the necessary surface modifications of CAB which act as biodegradable adsorbent material. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZnO nanoparticles enhancing secondary ion signals of Escherichia coli analyzed by ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Lei Shiou‐Ling , Yin Yu‐Sheng , Lee Pei‐Ling , Ling Yong‐Chien 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStable colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) such as Au and Ag NPs have been studied for use in enhancing the secondary ion signals from SIMS analysis. Semiconducting zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs possess unique properties of chemical and thermal stability as well as a wide bandgap energy of 3.37 eV, which motivated us to study the feasibility of using ZnO NPs to enhance the secondary ion signals using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as model sample. The experiment was carried out first by depositing ZnO NPs onto freeze‐dried E. coli colony by dropping ZnO NPs solution onto colony top. The prepared E. coli wes then subjected to time‐of‐flight SIMS (ToF‐SIMS) analysis operating with Ga+ bombardment. We evaluated the signal enhancement using ion signals of m/z 688 (PE C32:1) and m/z 719 (PG C32:1) from the lipid membrane Preliminary results indicate an enhancement factor of ∼3 by depositing ZnO NPs onto E. coli. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.