bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a fluidized‐bed bioreactor with hydrogel biomass carrier under extremely low‐nitrogen availability and effect of nitrogen amendments
Authors: Sevillano Xabier , Isasi José R. , Peñas Francisco J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Because of the lower fluidization energy required and the protection against shock loading and starvation due to their sorption capacity, light adsorbents such as hydrogels could be used as biofilm carrier media in fluidized bed bioreactors for wastewater processing. This work explores the feasibility of a cyclodextrin hydrogel as biomass support to degrade phenol under extremely low‐nitrogen availability and under nitrogen amendments.RESULTS: Phenol removal capacity was low (mean 0.589 kg m−3 day−1) under extreme nitrogen‐limited conditions (mean C:N ratio 3830). A pulsed nitrogen amendment increased the elimination capacity (up to 1.97 kg m−3 day−1) controlling the biofilm thickness. An 8‐h nitrogen pulse had a highly efficient long‐term effect removing 93.5 mg‐C mg−1‐N in 300 h. The continuous nitrogen amendment enhanced the elimination capacity (up to 5.84 kg m−3 day−1) although rapidly increasing the biomass growth. The inhibiting phenol concentration was smaller during the nitrogen‐limited period (below 100 mg L−1) than in the nitrogen‐amendment periods (140 mg L−1). Low liquid velocities were needed to fluidize the bioparticles (less than 3.1 mm s−1) during the entire experimentation.CONCLUSION: This work shows that a fluidized‐bed bioreactor with mixed culture on cyclodextrin‐based particles can be operated for long periods at extreme nitrogen limitation, and that a limited nitrogen supply with periodic pulsed amendments would be adequate for controlling the biofilm thickness. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Household Expenditures for Leisure Tourism in the USA, 1996 and 2006
Authors: Zheng Bin , Zhang Yaoqi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTUsing Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this study compares the different impacts of household socio‐economic characteristics on leisure travel expenditure patterns between 1996 and 2006. The total expenditure is divided into food/beverage, lodging, transportation and sightseeing/entertainment to examine more specific changes. Results indicate that family size, gender, number of elderly family members, race and region/location had different impacts on leisure trip consumption patterns in 1996 and 2006. There is no evident change for the income elasticities of four categories between these two years. The upward direction in high‐income households reflects the potential for luxury sightseeing and entertainment activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological Behavior of Polyelectrolytes Based on Cellulose and Ionic Liquids Dissolved in 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methyl Imidazolium Acetate
Authors: Gonsior Nina , Ritter Helmut 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe regioselective derivatization of cellulose with three different ionic liquids via click chemistry is investigated. The novel polyelectrolytes are characterized in detail by elemental analysis, FT‐IR‐spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the rheological behavior of the compounds is studied in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate as the solvent. A Newtonian flow behavior is recorded for all cellulose samples at a concentration of 5 wt%. Due to the modification, the viscosity is reduced by at least one decade compared to unmodified cellulose and can be further controlled by choice of the substituent of the imidazolium ring. Furthermore, the viscosity‐temperature dependence is analyzed with the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation and the Arrhenius plot.
Simultaneous T1 measurements and proton resonance frequency shift based thermometry using variable flip angles
Authors: Hey S. , de Smet M. , Stehning C. , Grüll H. , Keupp J. , Moonen C.T.W. , Ries M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA method is presented which allows precise temperature and longitudinal (T1) relaxation time measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution. This is achieved by combining dynamic variable flip angle based T1 relaxation mapping with proton resonance frequency shift based thermometry. Herein, dynamic T1 mapping is either used as a complementary measure of temperature or for the detection of T1 contrast agent release. For the first application, the temperature evolution during a high‐intensity focused ultrasound tissue ablation experiment was measured in both, porcine fat and muscle, simultaneously. In this application, temperature accuracies of 2.5 K for T1‐based thermometry in fat and 1.2 K for proton resonance frequency shift‐based thermometry in muscle were observed. The second application relates to MR‐guidance of high‐intensity focused ultrasound‐induced local drug delivery by means of thermo‐sensitive liposomes labeled with a T1 contrast agent (Gd‐HPDO3A). When the measured temperature exceeded the phase transition temperature of the liposomes, T1 was observed to decrease with a good temporal and spatial correlation due to the release of Gd‐HPDO3A. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for two important applications in MR‐guided noninvasive therapy. It offers a high temporal resolution when compared with interleaved Look‐Locker based T1 mapping techniques and thus represents an interesting candidate for simultaneous real‐time monitoring of T1 and temperature changes. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of botulinum toxin on rabbit jaw muscle activity and anatomy
Authors: Korfage J.A.M. , Wang Jeffrey , Lie S.H.J.T.J. , Langenbach Geerling E.J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Muscles can adapt their fiber properties to accommodate to new conditions. We investigated the extent to which a decrease in muscle activation can cause an adaptation of fiber properties in synergistic and antagonistic jaw muscles. Methods: Three months after the injection of botulinum toxin type A in one masseter (anterior or posterior) muscle changes in fiber type composition and fiber cross‐sectional areas in jaw muscles were studied at the microscopic level. Results: The injected masseter showed a steep increase in myosin type IIX fibers, whereas fast fibers decreased by about 50% in size. Depending on the injection site, both synergistic and antagonistic muscles showed a significant increase in the size of their fast IIA fibers, sometimes combined with an increased number of IIX fibers. Conclusion: Silencing the activity in the masseter not only causes changes in the fibers of the injected muscle but also leads to changes in other jaw muscles. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Analytical particular solutions of augmented polyharmonic spline associated with Mindlin plate model
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Cheng , Wu Edward Ming‐Yang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAnalytical particular solutions of the augmented polyharmonic spline (APS) associated with the polyharmonic and poly‐Helmholtz operators and their products were derived by Tsai et al. (Eng Anal Bound Elem 33 (2009), 514). In addition, it has been mentioned that the particular solution associated with a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) can be derived from the prescribed solutions by using the Hörmander operator decomposition technique. In this article, this derivation procedure is demonstrated via Mindlin thick‐plate problems, which are governed by a coupled system of three second‐order PDEs. Analytical particular solutions of displacements, shear forces, and bending or twisting moments corresponding to the polyharmonic spline and monomials are all explicitly derived. These particular solutions are validated using numerical examples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
The stability and convergence of two linearized finite difference schemes for the nonlinear epitaxial growth model
Authors: Qiao Zhonghua , Sun Zhi‐zhong , Zhang Zhengru 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe numerical simulation of the dynamics of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth is considered in this article. The governing equation is a nonlinear evolutionary equation that is of linear fourth order derivative term and nonlinear second order derivative term in space. The main purpose of this work is to construct and analyze two linearized finite difference schemes for solving the MBE model. The linearized backward Euler difference scheme and the linearized Crank‐Nicolson difference scheme are derived. The unique solvability, unconditional stability and convergence are proved. The linearized Euler scheme is convergent with the convergence order of O(τ + h2) and linearized Crank‐Nicolson scheme is convergent with the convergence order of O(τ2 + h2) in discrete L2‐norm, respectively. Numerical stability with respect to the initial conditions is also obtained for both schemes. Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Delivering school‐based mental health services by school psychologists: Education, training, and ethical issues
Authors: Perfect Michelle M. , Morris Richard J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractConsistent with the priority goals of the 2002 Future of School Psychology Conference, the National Association of School Psychologists' Blueprint for Training and Practice III advocates for school psychologists becoming “leading mental health experts in schools.” In this regard, the present article reviews the prevalence and incidence of children's mental health problems in the schools, followed by a historical overview of the nature of school‐based mental health services. We discuss education and training issues and related ethical and professional practice issues that focus on the ethics codes of the National Association of School Psychologists and the American Psychological Association that are associated with the delivery of mental health services by school psychologists. Recommendations are offered for graduate‐level coursework and field experiences in the delivery of school‐based mental health services, as well as future directions for research in this area. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The structure–activity relationship in herbicidal monosubstituted sulfonylureas
Authors: Li Zheng‐Ming , Ma Yi , Guddat Luke , Cheng Pei‐Quan , Wang Jian‐Guo , Pang Siew S , Dong Yu‐Hui , Lai Cheng‐Ming , Wang Ling‐Xiu , Jia Guo‐Feng , Li Yong‐Hong , Wang Su‐Hua , Liu Jie , Zhao Wei‐Guang , Wang Bao‐Lei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The herbicide sulfonylurea (SU) belongs to one of the most important class of herbicides worldwide. It is well known for its ecofriendly, extreme low toxicity towards mammals and ultralow dosage application. The original inventor, G Levitt, set out structure–activity relationship (SAR) guidelines for SU structural design to attain superhigh bioactivity. A new approach to SU molecular design has been developed.RESULTS: After the analysis of scores of SU products by X‐ray diffraction methodology and after greenhouse herbicidal screening of 900 novel SU structures synthesised in the authors' laboratory, it was found that several SU structures containing a monosubstituted pyrimidine moiety retain excellent herbicidal characteristics, which has led to partial revision of the Levitt guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: Among the novel SU molecules, monosulfuron and monosulfuron‐ester have been developed into two new herbicides that have been officially approved for field application and applied in millet and wheat fields in China. A systematic structural study of the new substrate–target complex and the relative mode of action in comparison with conventional SU has been carried out. A new mode of action has been postulated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface acoustic wave controlled carrier injection into self‐assembled quantum dots and quantum posts
Authors: Krenner Hubert J. , Völk Stefan , Schülein Florian J. R. , Knall Florian , Wixforth Achim , Reuter Dirk , Wieck Andreas D. , Kim Hyochul , Truong Tuan A. , Petroff Pierre M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report on recent progress in the acousto‐electrical control of self‐assembled quantum dot and quantum post using radio frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs). We show that the occupancy state of these optically active nanostructures can be controlled via the SAW‐induced dissociation of photogenerated excitons and the resulting sequential bipolar carrier injection which strongly favors the formation of neutral excitons for quantum posts in contrast to conventional quantum dots. We demonstrate high fidelity preparation of the neutral biexciton which makes this approach suitable for deterministic entangled photon pair generation. The SAW driven acoustic charge conveyance is found to be highly efficient within the wide quantum well surrounding the quantum posts. Finally we present the direct observation of acoustically triggered carrier injection into remotely positioned, individual quantum posts which is required for a low‐jitter SAW‐triggered single photon source. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
InAs/AlGaSb heterojunction tunnel field‐effect transistor with tunnelling in‐line with the gate field
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Yeqing , Chae Soo Doo , Zhou Guangle , Liu Qingmin , Chen Chen , Shahriar Rahman M. , Vasen Tim , Zhang Qin , Fay Patrick , Kosel Tom , Wistey Mark , Xing Huili (Grace) , Koswatta Siyuranga , Seabaugh Alan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe first fabrication of a III‐V tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) with tunneling directed perpendicular to the gate is reported. This new transistor geometry utilizes an InAs/Al0.45Ga0.55Sb staggered‐gap tunnel junction intended for high on current and steep subthreshold swing. The first measurements of the transistor transport properties at room temperature and ‐50 °C are provided. Tunneling transport is confirmed by the observation of negative differential resistance in the tunnel junction in the forward bias polarity. Transistor on‐current of 21 μA/μm at 0.3 V and subthreshold swing of 830 mV/decade is found. The large subthreshold swing is consistent with the large density of interface traps at the oxide/semiconductor interface (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computational tools for protein–DNA interactions
Authors: Kauffman Christopher , Karypis George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInteractions between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins are central to living systems, and characterizing how and when they occur would greatly enhance our understanding of working genomes. We review the computational problems associated with protein–DNA interactions and the various methods used to solve them. A wide range of topics is covered including physics‐based models for direct and indirect recognition, identification of transcription‐factor‐binding sites, and methods to predict DNA‐binding proteins. Our goal is to introduce this important problem domain to data mining researchers by identifying the key issues and challenges inherent to the area as well as provide directions for fruitful future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Long‐Term Outcomes of Patients Treated with Primary Stenting for Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis: A 10‐year Case Cohort Study
Authors: Su Chun‐Hung , Lian Jong‐Da , Chang Horng‐Rong , Wu Sheng‐Wen , Chen Shiuan‐Chih , Tsai Chin‐Feng , Kao Pan‐Fu , Ueng Kwo‐Chang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate graft and patient survival and long‐term outcomes of primary endoluminal stenting (PES) as an initial treatment for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS).MethodsFrom December 1999 to March 2010, 744 consecutive patients undergoing renal transplantation were enrolled. Patients were divided into one of two groups: the study group, comprised of 18 patients who underwent PES for TRAS > 60%, and a control group, including the remaining 726 recipients who did not develop TRAS post‐transplantation. Primary outcome measures were death‐censored graft failure and all‐cause mortality. The immediate and long‐term effects of PES were evaluated by assessing blood pressure (BP) control and biochemical graft function.ResultsThe technical success rate for PES was 100%, and minor complication occurred in only one case (5.6% of the study group). With a mean follow‐up of 7.1 ± 3.7 and 6.9 ± 2.4 years in the study and control groups, respectively, 4 patients in the study group and 113 patients in the control group reached the primary outcome (log rank P = 0.418). The reduction in stenosis resulted in immediate improvement in BP control and graft function, which persisted throughout the 6 year follow‐up period. Restenosis occurred in only one patient (5.6%), but restenosis was not the cause of graft failure.ConclusionsThis study indicated that both the long‐term graft and patient survival were as good in TRAS patients treated with PES as in patients without TRAS. The data also supported the use of PES as an initial treatment for TRAS.
High Dose trans‐10,cis‐12 CLA Increases Lean Body Mass in Hamsters, but Elevates Levels of Plasma Lipids and Liver Enzyme Biomarkers
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Joseph Shama V. , Wakefield Andrew P. , Aukema Harold M. , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe current study examined the efficacy of graded doses of c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA isomers on body composition, energy expenditure, hepatic and serum lipid liver biomarkers in hamsters. Animals (n = 105) were randomized to seven treatments (control, 1, 2, 3% of c9,t11; 1, 2, 3% of t10,c12) for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, 1–3% of t10,c12 lowered (p < 0.05) body fat mass compared to the control group. The 1–3% t10,c12 and 3% c9,t11 fed groups showed higher (p < 0.05) lean mass compared to other groups. We observed unfavorable changes in plasma total cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol levels in animals fed with 3% t10,c12 CLA isomers. The 2%, 3% t10,c12 groups presented elevated (p < 0.05) ALT levels. The present data suggest that a diet enriched with more than 2% t10, c12 led to liver malfunction and poses unfavorable changes on plasma lipid profiles. The 1% t10,c12 CLA lowered (p < 0.05) body fat mass and increased (p < 0.05) lean body mass. The c9,t11 CLA has less potent actions than t10,c12 CLA. We conclude that the actions of CLA on energy and lipid metabolism are form and dose dependent in the hamster model.
Age‐ and gender‐dependent values of skeletal muscle mass in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Webber Colin E. , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundSkeletal muscle mass (SMM) can be extracted from whole‐body scans obtained by X‐ray‐based dual‐photon absorptiometry (DXA). There is a need to establish expected age‐dependent values for children and adolescents.MethodsAppendicular lean tissue mass (ALM) was extracted from whole‐body DXA scans in 140 healthy children and adolescents (68 females and 72 males). Whole‐body SMM was calculated from ALM using equations developed by Kim et al. (Am J Clin Nutr 84:1014–1020, 2006). Age‐dependent patterns of increase in SMM were derived by fitting SMM values to equations that consisted of the sum of two logistic expressions, one accounting for SMM changes during growth and the other for SMM changes during puberty. Normal ranges were defined so that 95% of the SMM values were included. The reproducibility of SMM measurements was obtained from whole‐body DXA scans repeated on three occasions in each of a separate group of 32 normal children with repositioning between scans.ResultsNormal ranges are presented as equations describing the age‐dependent pattern of increase in SMM as well as population standard deviations that increased steadily with age. For 15 children below age 10, SMM reproducibility (95% CI) was 149 g (119–199 g) while for 17 children and adolescents over age 10, reproducibility was 170 g (138–223 g).ConclusionDXA‐based measurements of SMM in children and adolescents are reproducible and can be expressed in terms of age‐dependent Z scores.
Subjective Wellbeing in ASEAN: A Cross-Country Study
Authors: SIOK KUAN TAMBYAH , JIUAN TAN SOO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOur paper reports and discusses issues relating to subjective wellbeing in selected countries in ASEAN (The Association of Southeast Asian Nations), a regional organization that coordinates and promotes the economic, social and cultural interests of member countries in Southeast Asia. Comparisons will be made across the five founding members of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand using data from the 2004, 2006 and 2007 AsiaBarometer Surveys. The indicators of subjective wellbeing used are perceptions of happiness, enjoyment, and achievement. We also examined the impact of selected demographic and non-demographic variables on these indicators.
Modulation of glucokinase by glucose, small-molecule activator and glucokinase regulatory protein: steady-state kinetic and cell-based analysis
Authors: Bourbonais Francis J. , Chen Jing , Huang Cong , Zhang Yanwei , Pfefferkorn Jeffrey A. , Landro James A. 
Published: November 2011

GK (glucokinase) is an enzyme central to glucose metabolism that displays positive co-operativity to substrate glucose. Small-molecule GKAs (GK activators) modulate GK catalytic activity and glucose affinity and are currently being pursued as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. GK progress curves monitoring product formation are linear up to 1 mM glucose, but biphasic at 5 mM, with the transition from the lower initial velocity to the higher steady-state velocity being described by the rate constant kact. In the presence of a liver-specific GKA (compound A), progress curves at 1 mM glucose are similar to those at 5 mM, reflecting activation of GK by compound A. We show that GKRP (GK regulatory protein) is a slow tight-binding inhibitor of GK. Analysis of progress curves indicate that this inhibition is time dependent, with apparent initial and final Ki values being 113 and 12.8 nM respectively. When GK is pre-incubated with glucose and compound A, the inhibition observed by GKRP is time dependent, but independent of GKRP concentration, reflecting the GKA-controlled transition between closed and open GK conformations. These data are supported by cell-based imaging data from primary rat hepatocytes. This work characterizes the modulation of GK by a novel GKA that may enable the design of new and improved GKAs.
Influence of hamstring extensibility on sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained young kayakers
Authors: López‐Miñarro Pedro A. , Muyor José M. , Alacid Fernando 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the influence of hamstring extensibility on spinal and pelvic postures adopted by young paddlers in their kayaks.Methods: Sixty‐eight young elite kayakers were recruited for the study (mean value 15.23, s=0.68 years). Thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic position were evaluated with a Spinal Mouse system in standing position and in the boat (seated in the kayak with the paddle resting on their thighs, right entry position and left entry position). Hamstring muscle extensibility was determined in both legs by passive straight leg raise test (PSLR). The sample was divided into two groups with regard to straight leg raise angle (Group A, PSLR < 80°, n=32, and group B, PSLR ≥ 80°, n=32).Results: Paddlers with lower extensibility presented higher thoracic and lumbar flexion and a more posterior pelvic tilt in the kayak in all three positions. However, no significant differences were found between the groups when standing.Conclusion: The results suggest that lower hamstring extensibility is related to increased spinal flexion and posterior pelvic tilt, which can overload the spine during paddling training. A systematic and intensive stretching programme to improve hamstring muscle extensibility should be incorporated into the training activities of paddlers.