bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial SOX9 expression patterns in the course of gonad development of the caudate amphibian Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Dumond Hélène , Al‐Asaad Imane , Chesnel Amand , Chardard Dominique , Boizet‐Bonhoure Brigitte , Flament Stéphane , Kuntz Sandra 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe SOX family of transcription factors is thought to regulate gene expression in a wide variety of developmental processes. Namely, SOX9 expression is conserved in vertebrate sex determination or differentiation. Nevertheless, information about caudate amphibians is lacking. In this study, we provide data on Pleurodeles waltl, a species that displays a ZZ/ZW genetic mode of sex determination and a temperature‐dependent mechanism of female‐to‐male sex reversal. Phylogenetic analysis of SOX9 P. waltl ortholog reveals that the deduced protein segregates from the group of anuran and could be more closely related to amniote than to anamniote. However, SOX9 lacks the PQA‐rich domain present in amniotes. In larvae, SOX9 is expressed in both sexes in gonad–mesonephros complexes as soon as stage 42, before gonad differentiation. At stage 5460d at which testis differentiation is already in progress, analyses of isolated gonads reveal a male‐enriched expression of SOX9, which was quantified by real‐time PCR. At the end of metamorphosis (stage 56), SOX9 shows a nuclear localization only in the testis. In adults, SOX9 is still expressed in testes and ovaries. In the ovary, SOX9 is found in oocytes from stage I to stage VI but it is never detected in the nucleus. Our results suggest that in P. waltl, like in non mammalian vertebrates, SOX9 could play a role during the late phase of gonad differentiation rather than in sex determination. Its role in germ cells of the adult ovary has still to be elucidated. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:199–211, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of victim intoxication and victim attire on police responses to sexual assault
Authors: Goodman‐Delahunty Jane , Graham Kelly 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLimited research exists on the impact of contextual factors such as victim intoxication and victim attire on police processing of a case of sexual assault. The effects of these variables were examined in a simulated sexual assault case. Participants were 125 detectives from the New South Wales Police Department. Officers read controverted witness statements and viewed photographs pertaining to an investigation of a report of date rape. Contrary to findings in earlier studies, complainant intoxication, ‘provocative’ dress, and gender of the officer had no influence on the likelihood of charging the alleged offender. Factors predictive of pressing charges were the perceived credibility of the complainant and culpability of the alleged offender. Credibility and guilt judgements were themselves influenced by the level of rape myth acceptance endorsed by the officers. Rape myth acceptance also exerted a number of other effects on case evaluations. Implications for future studies and education and training programmes for police on sexual assault were discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression and induction of small heat shock proteins in rat brain and cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Kirbach Britta Bartelt , Golenhofen Nikola 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe so‐called stress response involving up‐regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps) is a powerful mechanism of cells to deal with harmful conditions to which they are exposed throughout life, such as hyperthermia, hypoxia, or oxidative stress. Some members of the group of small Hsps (sHsps) seem to play a neuroprotective role in the brain. Here we analyzed the expression of all 11 sHsps in the rat brain by using RNA in situ hybridization and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Additionally, we investigated sHsps in cultured neurons exposed to heat shock. We found seven sHsps to be expressed in the rat brain, with HspB5 (αB‐crystallin), HspB6 (Hsp20), and HspB11 (Hsp16.2) showing the highest expression levels (4–24% of reference genes) followed by HspB1 (Hsp25) and HspB8 (Hsp22; 0.1–2% of reference genes), all being widely expressed in the brain areas investigated. HspB2 (MKBP) and HspB3, however, showed selective expression in only some regions (B2: cortex and hippocampus, B3: cortex and cerebellum). Whereas HspB5 was expressed mainly in the white matter, HspB6 showed the greatest expression in the cerebellar cortex, and HspB11 was widely distributed over the whole brain. In cultured hippocampal neurons, heat shock led to an increase of HspB1 and HspB8 mRNA and additionally HspB5 protein. Our data indicate that the sHsps induced by heat shock, HspB1, B5, and B8, might be especially involved in neuroprotection under stress conditions. The other sHsps showing constant neuronal expression may play a constitutive role or may be up‐regulated and important in types of stresses other than heat shock. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered expression of miRNA‐21 and its targets in the hippocampus after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Redell John B. , Zhao Jing , Dash Pramod K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates many different signaling cascades throughout the brain that impact both pathophysiological and neuroprotective processes. Cellular mechanisms that can modulate these processes may play an important role in determining the nature and extent of the damage suffered after TBI and therefore influence overall outcome after injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of noncoding regulatory RNAs providing an epigenetic mechanism for the regulation of protein expression levels of target genes. We report that miR‐21 expression is significantly up‐regulated in the hippocampus after rodent TBI, with expression levels peaking by 3 days postinjury and returning to near sham levels by 15 days postinjury. In situ localization of miR‐21 transcripts indicates widespread expression in normal brain, with a pronounced increase in expression after TBI evident throughout the cortex and hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus and CA3 cell layer. We used a combination of the miRanda, TargetScan, and PicTar prediction algorithms to identify 99 potential target genes that possess miR‐21 binding sites within their 3′ untranslated regions. Analysis of these genes' annotated Gene Ontology molecular function and biological process terms revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in enzyme‐linked receptor signaling, transcriptional regulation, and developmental processes. These results suggest that increased miR‐21 expression in the hippocampus may influence multiple components of TBI pathophysiology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural analysis of glutamate‐immunopositive synapses onto the rat jaw‐closing motoneurons during postnatal development
Authors: Paik Sang Kyoo , Park Sook Kyung , Jin Jong Kil , Bae Jin Young , Choi Su Jung , Yoshida Atsushi , Ahn Dong Kuk , Bae Yong Chul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe excitatory synapses on the jaw‐closing (JC) motoneurons mediate the neuronal input that ensures smooth and rhythmic movements of the jaw. Recently, we have shown that the neurotransmitter phenotype of the inhibitory boutons onto JC motoneurons shifts from GABA to glycine, and new inhibitory synapses onto JC motoneurons are continuously formed during postnatal development (Paik et al. [2007] J. Comp. Neurol. 503:779–789). To test whether the developmental pattern of the excitatory synapses onto JC motoneurons differs from that of the inhibitory synapses, we studied the distribution of glutamate‐immunopositive boutons onto the rat JC motoneurons during postnatal development by using a combination of retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), postembedding immunogold staining, and quantitative ultrastructural analysis. The analysis of 175, 281, and 465 boutons contacting somata of JC motoneurons at postnatal days P2, P11, and P31, respectively, revealed that the number of glutamate‐immunopositive (Glut+) boutons increased by 2.6 times from P2 to P11 and showed no significant change after that, whereas the length of apposition of these boutons increased continuously from P2 to P31, suggesting that the time course for the development of Glut+ boutons differed from that for Glut− boutons, most of which were immunopositive for GABA and/or glycine. Our findings indicate that excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto JC motoneurons exhibit distinctly different developmental patterns that may be closely related to the maturation of the masticatory system. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The seven deadly sins of strategic change
Authors: Kingen Ron , Wilkerson Patrick 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDespite the best of intentions, efforts to improve organizational performance do not always pan out. This article gives examples and shows how, in their pursuit of excellence in an often‐challenging environment, even the most respected organizations are tempted to commit one or more of the seven deadly sins of strategic change. They are: forgetting about value for the customer, focusing solely on greater profits or market share, treating improvements as “just another program,” neglecting to make continual improvement and learning part of the corporate culture, lacking discipline in the pursuit of growth, favoring training over application, and losing constancy of purpose. Being aware of these pitfalls is the first step in avoiding them, so organizational improvement efforts can stay on the right path to success. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
External nasal valve collapse repair: The limited alar–facial stab approach
Authors: Deroee Armin Farajzadeh , Younes Ahmed A. , Friedman Oren 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives:Permanent treatment for external nasal valve collapse (ENCV) is primarily surgical. In some situations, instead of a major operation, the placement of structural alar rim graft may be all that is needed. Alar rim graft placement is usually achieved through a marginal incision as a part of a rhinoplasty. We compared the aesthetic and functional outcomes of a simple technique in which the graft is placed via an external incision in the alar–facial groove with the outcomes of the more commonly used method.Methods:All patients who underwent ENCV repair in 2007 and 2008 were reviewed. Fifteen cases in which grafts were placed using the alar–facial stab technique were identified. Twenty cases with marginal incision graft placement in that time period were then randomly selected. All of the patients underwent concurrent additional procedures such as rhinoplasty/septorhinoplasty. The aesthetic and functional assessments of both techniques were explored by means of blinded observers rating the aesthetic outcome and patients rating their functional outcome through the use of questionnaires.Study Design:A retrospective cohort study.Results:A comparison between the patients' subjective results showed no difference between the outcomes of these two techniques (P > .05). The blinded surgeon evaluators could not differentiate between the different approaches utilized in the vast majority of cases studied.Conclusions:The alar–facial stab incision with alar rim grafting for treatment of ENCV is a very simple and effective technique that does not require significant rhinoplasty experience and may be performed in the office under local anesthesia. Laryngoscope, 2011
Synergistic Anticancer Effects Achieved by Co‐Delivery of TRAIL and Paclitaxel Using Cationic Polymeric Micelles
Authors: Lee Ashlynn L. Z. , Wang Yong , Pervaiz Shazib , Fan Weimin , Yang Yi Yan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCationic micellar nanoparticles self‐assembled from a biodegradable amphiphilic copolymer have been used to deliver human TRAIL and paclitaxel simultaneously. Polyplexes formed between paclitaxel‐loaded nanoparticles and TRAIL are stable with a size of ≈180 nm and a zeta potential at ≈75 mV. Anticancer effects and apoptotic pathway mechanisms of this drug‐and‐protein co‐delivery system are investigated in various human breast cancer cell lines with different TRAIL sensitivity. The co‐delivery nanoparticulate system induces synergistic anti‐cancer activities with limited toxicity in non‐cancerous cells. An advantage of this co‐delivery is a significantly higher anti‐cancer effect as compared to free drug and protein formulations. magnified image
Shape Recovery Versus Breakup of Deformed Droplets in a Polymer Blend after Uniaxial Extension
Authors: Starý Zdeněk , Musialek Matthias , Münstedt Helmut 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe morphology development in a PS/LLDPE 95/5 blend after uniaxial elongation at constant stress is investigated with a special attention on the influence of the temperature on the competition between shape recovery and droplet breakup. The lower the recovery temperature, the finer the morphology obtained, i.e. fibril breakup was preferred against shape recovery. This is due to a stronger retraction of matrix molecules at higher temperatures in early stages of recovery which forces the fibrils to shrink back to less deformed states and thus suppresses the droplet breakup. The elasticity of the blend was found to increase with temperature although the elasticity of pure PS is temperature independent. This is explained as a consequence of the temperature dependence of the morphology development. magnified image
New Semifluorinated Siloxane‐Grafted Copolyimides: Synthesis and Comparison with Their Linear Analogs
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Banerjee Susanta , Komber Hartmut , Häußler Liane , Schneider Konrad , Voit Brigitte 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA siloxane‐grafted new diamino monomer DBPDMS has been prepared and used as a co‐monomer in combination with the fluorinated diamine monomer TFBB to prepare siloxane‐grafted polyimides. The polymers have been characterized by means of GPC, IR, and NMR. Their thermal, mechanical, and surface properties have been evaluated and compared with the homopolyimide and with polyimides where polysiloxane is incorporated in the main chain. DSC revealed melting of the grafted siloxane chain at sub‐ambient temperature and a glass transition corresponding to the main polymer chain at high temperature. Isothermal gravimetric analysis at 350 °C indicated that grafted siloxane moiety can be removed thermally from the polymer chain without affecting the polymer backbone. magnified image
Mono‐, Di‐, or Triazidated Cyclodextrin‐Based Polyrotaxanes for Facile and Efficient Functionalization via Click Chemistry
Authors: Hyun Hoon , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAs a feasible way for controlling the density of ligands in polyrotaxanes, azidated polyrotaxanes comprising PEG (MW = 3 000 and 20 000 g · mol−1) and mono‐, di‐, or triazidated α‐cyclodextrins are prepared in a water/DMSO solution in a one‐pot synthesis. The azidated polyrotaxanes are then allowed to conjugate with propargyl‐modified mannose as a ligand via click chemistry. As proven by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR‐spectroscopy, mannose molecules are efficiently introduced into all of the azide moieties of the polyrotaxanes. The results verify the achievement of ligand‐density‐controlled polyrotaxanes. The functionalized polyrotaxanes can be utilized for a variety of biological applications. magnified image
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhou Yong , Li Ni , Zhuang Wen , Wu Xiaoting 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk is still controversial and ambiguous. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in Chinese Han patients. We extracted the peripheral blood samples in 150 patients with gastric cancer and 150 controls. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis was performed to detect three VEGF gene polymorphisms (−634 G/C, +936 C/T, and +1612 G/A) in these patients. Patients with gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of 1612 AA genotype (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.80, 21.85; P = 0.004) than controls. Patients with cardia gastric cancer had a significantly lower frequency of AA (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.89; P = 0.04) than those with noncardia gastric cancer. Patients with Lauren's diffuse‐type gastric cancer had a significantly higher frequency of AA (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.22, 9.55; P = 0.02) than those with Lauren's intestinal‐type gastric cancer. The −634 G/C and +936 C/T gene polymorphisms were not associated with a risk of GC and its progression. This study suggests that the VEGF +1612 G/A gene polymorphisms may be associated with gastric cancer in Chinese Han patients, and that difference in genotype distribution may be associated with the location and Lauren's classification of gastric cancer. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of IL‐1 polymorphisms and IL‐1 serum levels with susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Hui , Dai Qiong , Zhong Li , Zhang Xu , Guo Qing‐Xi , Li Shi‐Ning 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that the polymorphism of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) produce alterations of the protein expression and may contribute to oncogenetic processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL‐1A gene polymorphisms and NPC susceptibility and the influence of on IL‐1α serum levels in cases versus controls. To test whether the genetic variants of IL‐1A gene modify the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we compared the −889C/T and rs3783553 polymorphisms between 248 patients with NPC and 296 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum IL‐1α levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The rs3783553 (TTCA insertion or deletion) polymorphism of the IL‐1A gene was significantly associated with the susceptibility to NPC. The variant homozygote genotype +/+ was associated with a significantly reduced risk of NPC as compared with the wild homozygote −/− genotype, and the serum IL‐1α levels were significantly lower in individuals with homozygous +/+ genotypes. No association was found between the −889C/T polymorphisms and risk of NPC, and no statistically significant differences were found between rs3783553 polymorphism and clinical pathology indices. The IL‐1A rs3783553 polymorphism might contribute to a risk of developing NPC by affecting the serum IL‐1α secretion in the Chinese population. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integral role of GDF‐9 and BMP‐15 in ovarian function
Authors: Otsuka Fumio , McTavish Kirsten J. , Shimasaki Shunichi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe oocyte plays an important role in regulating and promoting follicle growth, and thereby its own development, by the production of oocyte growth factors that predominantly act on supporting granulosa cells via paracrine signaling. Genetic studies in mice demonstrated critical roles of two key oocyte‐derived growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily, growth and differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) and bone morphogenetic protein‐15 (BMP‐15), in ovarian function. The identification of Bmp15 and Gdf9 gene mutations as the causal mechanism underlying the highly prolific or infertile nature of several sheep strains in a dosage‐sensitive manner also highlighted the crucial role these two genes play in ovarian function. Similarly, large numbers of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes have been identified in women with premature ovarian failure and in mothers of dizygotic twins. The purpose of this article is to review the genetic studies of GDF‐9 and BMP‐15 mutations identified in women and sheep, as well as describing the various knockout and overexpressing mouse models, and to summarize the molecular and biological functions that underlie the crucial role of these two oocyte factors in female fertility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:9–21, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Removal of olefinic fat chemical shift artifact in diffusion MRI
Authors: Hernando D. , Karampinos D. C. , King K. F. , Haldar J. P. , Majumdar S. , Georgiadis J. G. , Liang Z.‐P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI has emerged as a key tool for assessing the microstructure of tissues in healthy and diseased states. Because of its rapid acquisition speed and insensitivity to motion, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging is the most common DW imaging technique. However, the presence of fat signal can severely affect DW‐echo planar imaging acquisitions because of the chemical shift artifact. Fat suppression is usually achieved through some form of chemical shift‐based fat saturation. Such methods effectively suppress the signal originating from aliphatic fat protons, but fail to suppress the signal from olefinic protons. Olefinic fat signal may result in significant distortions in the DW images, which bias the subsequently estimated diffusion parameters. This article introduces a method for removing olefinic fat signal from DW images, based on an echo time‐shifted acquisition. The method is developed and analyzed specifically in the context of single‐shot DW‐echo‐planar imaging, where image phase is generally unreliable. The proposed method is tested with phantom and in vivo datasets, and compared with a standard acquisition to demonstrate its performance. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive changes inT1,T2and left‐ventricular histo‐architecture in the fixed and embedded rat heart
Authors: Hales Patrick W. , Burton Rebecca A.B. , Bollensdorff Christian , Mason Fleur , Bishop Martin , Gavaghan David , Kohl Peter , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChemical tissue fixation, followed by embedding in either agarose or Fomblin, is common practice in time‐intensive MRI studies ofex vivobiological samples, and is required to prevent tissue autolysis and sample motion. However, the combined effect of fixation and sample embedding may alter tissue structure and MRI properties. We investigated the progressive changes inT1andT2relaxation times, and the arrangement of locally prevailing cardiomyocyte orientation determined using diffusion tensor imaging, in embeddedex vivorat hearts fixed using Karnovsky's solution (glutaraldehyde–formaldehyde mix). Three embedding media were investigated: (i) standard agarose (n = 3 hearts); (ii) Fomblin (n = 4 hearts); and (iii) iso‐osmotic agarose (n = 3 hearts); in the latter, the osmolarity of the fixative and embedding medium was adjusted to 300 mOsm to match more closely that of native tissue. TheT1relaxation time in the myocardium showed a pronounced decrease over a 48‐h period following embedding in Fomblin (−11.3 ± 6.2%; mean ± standard deviation), but was stable in standard agarose‐ and iso‐osmotic agarose‐embedded hearts. The mean myocardialT2relaxation time increased in all embedded hearts: by 35.1 ± 14.7% with standard agarose embedding, 13.1 ± 5.6% with Fomblin and 13.3 ± 1.4% with iso‐osmotic agarose. Deviation in the orientation of the primary eigenvector of the diffusion tensor occurred in all hearts (mean angular changes of 6.6°, 3.2° and 1.9° per voxel after 48 h in agarose‐, Fomblin‐ and iso‐osmotic agarose‐embedded hearts, respectively), indicative of progressive structural changes in myocardial histo‐architecture, in spite of previous exposure to fast‐acting tissue fixation. Our results suggest that progressive structural changes occur in chemically fixed myocardium, and that the extent of these changes is modulated by the embedding medium, and by osmotic gradients between the fixative in the tissue and the surrounding medium. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.