bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Triple Code Model in Numerical Cognition Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography
Authors: Tan Hao , Rockhill Alexander P. , Lopez Ramos Christian G. , Nerison Caleb , Shafie Beck , Shahin Maryam N. , Fecker Adeline , Ismail Mostafa , Cleary Daniel R. , Collins Kelly L. , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe ability to conceptualize numerical quantities is an essential human trait. According to the “Triple Code Model” (TCM) in numerical cognition, distinct neural substrates encode the processing of visual, auditory, and nonsymbolic numerical representations. While our contemporary understanding of human number cognition has benefited greatly from advances in clinical imaging, limited studies have investigated the intracranial electrophysiological correlates of number processing. In this study, 13 subjects undergoing stereotactic electroencephalography for epilepsy participated in a number recognition task. Drawing upon postulates of the TCM, we presented subjects with numerical stimuli varying in representation type (symbolic vs. non-symbolic) and mode of stimuli delivery (visual vs. auditory). Time-frequency spectrograms were dimensionally reduced with principal component analysis and passed into a linear support vector machine classification algorithm to identify regions associated with number perception compared to inter-trial periods. Across representation formats, the highest classification accuracy was observed in the bilateral parietal lobes. Auditory (spoken and beeps) and visual (Arabic) number formats preferentially engaged the superior temporal cortices and the frontoparietal regions, respectively. The left parietal cortex was found to have the highest classification for number dots. Notably, the putamen exhibited robust classification accuracies in response to numerical stimuli. Analyses of spectral feature maps revealed that non-gamma frequency below 30 Hz held greater than chance classification value and could be potentially used to characterize format specific number representations. Taken together, our findings obtained from intracranial recordings provide further support and expand on the TCM model for numerical cognition.
A genetic and microscopy toolkit for live imaging of whole-body regeneration inMacrostomum lignano
Authors: Hall R. Nelson , Li Hongquan , Chai Chew , Vermeulen Sidney , Bigasin Robin R. , Song Eun Sun , Gibson Jesse , Prakash Manu , Fire Andrew Z. , Wang Bo 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLive imaging of regenerative processes can reveal how animals restore their bodies after injury through a cascade of dynamic cellular events. Here, we present a comprehensive toolkit for live imaging of whole-body regeneration in the flatwormMacrostomum lignano, including a high throughput cloning pipeline, targeted cellular ablation, and advanced microscopy solutions. Using tissue-specific reporter expression, we examine how various structures regenerate. Enabled by a custom, low-cost luminescence/fluorescence microscope, we overcome intense stress-induced autofluorescence to demonstrate the first application of genetic cellular ablation in flatworms to reveal the limited regenerative capacity of neurons and their essential role during wound-healing. Finally, we build a novel open-source tracking microscope to continuously image moving animals throughout the week-long process of regeneration, quantifying kinetics of wound healing, nerve cord repair, body regeneration, growth, and behavioral recovery. Our findings suggest that nerve cord reconnection operates independently from primary body axis re-establishment and other downstream regenerative processes.
Unlocking Antarctic molecular time-capsules – recovering historical environmental DNA from museum-preserved sponges
Authors: Jeunen Gert-Jan , Mills Sadie , Lamare Miles , Duffy Grant A. , Knapp Michael , Stanton Jo-Ann L. , Mariani Stefano , Treece Jackson , Ferreira Sara , Durán-Vinet Benjamín , Zavodna Monika , Gemmell Neil J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMarine sponges have recently emerged as efficient natural environmental DNA (eDNA) samplers. The ability of sponges to accumulate eDNA provides an exciting opportunity to reconstruct contemporary communities and ecosystems with high temporal and spatial precision. However, the use of historical eDNA (heDNA), trapped within the vast number of specimens stored in scientific collections, opens up the opportunity to begin to reconstruct the communities and ecosystems of the past. Here, using a variety of Antarctic sponge specimens stored in an extensive marine invertebrate collection, we were able to recover information on Antarctic fish biodiversity from specimens up to 20 years old. We successfully recovered 64 fish heDNA signals from 27 sponge specimens. Alpha diversity measures did not differ among preservation methods, but sponges stored frozen had a significantly different fish community composition compared to those stored dry or in ethanol. Our results show that we were consistently and reliably able to extract the heDNA trapped within marine sponge specimens, thereby enabling the reconstruction and investigation of communities and ecosystems of the recent past with a spatial and temporal resolution previously unattainable. Future research into heDNA extraction from other preservation methods, as well as the impact of specimen age and collection method will strengthen and expand the opportunities for this novel resource to access new knowledge on ecological change during the last century.
PD-1 endocytosis unleashes the cytolytic potential of check-point blockade in tumor immunity
Authors: Saad Elham Ben , Oroya Andres , Anto Nikhil Ponnoor , Bachais Meriem , Rudd Christopher E. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is now a promising first-line treatment for many cancers. While the steric blockade of PD-1 binding to its ligand plays a role, the role of internalisation in promoting the efficacy of ICB has not been explored. In this study, we show that PD-1 internalisation also contributes by unlocking the full cytolytic potential of ICB in cancer immunotherapy. We found that anti-mouse and human PD-1 downregulate a subset of PD-1 surface receptors on T-cells with high-density surface PD-1 leaving T-cells with intermediate expression resistant to further internalisation. Down regulation was seen on both CD4 and CD8 cells but was maximally effective on CD8 effector cells. In human T-cells, nivolumab outperformed pembrolizumab in terms of rate and efficacy. We also found that PD-1 internalisation depended on bivalent antibody (Ab)-induced crosslinking, while monovalent Ab sterically blocked PD-1 without inducing endocytosis. Immunologically, while both monovalent and bivalent Ab limited B16-PD-L1 tumor growth, bivalent Ab was significantly more effective. In molecular terms, while both antibodies increased granzyme B (GZMB) expression in CD8+ cytolytic T-cells, the induction of the second key cytolytic pore-forming mediator, perforin, was dependent on the blockade and internalisation mediated by bilavent anti-PD-1. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism in checkpoint blockade where steric blockade combined with the removal of PD-1 from the cell surface by endocytosis can complement and optimize therapy. The targeting of PD-1 internalisation holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immunity and improving PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy.Graphical AbstractIn briefBen Saad et al define the mechanism of PD-1 inhibitory endocytosis and show that the removal of surface PD-1 by endocytosis plays a role in complementing and optimizing checkpoint blockade. Targeting PD-1 internalisation holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immunity and improving the efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy.
Experimental evolution ofS. cerevisiaefor caffeine tolerance alters multidrug resistance and TOR signaling pathways
Authors: Geck Renee C. , Moresi Naomi G. , Anderson Leah M. ,   yEvo Students, Brewer Rebecca , Renz Timothy R. , Taylor M. Bryce , Dunham Maitreya J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCaffeine is a natural compound that inhibits the major cellular signaling regulator TOR, leading to widespread effects including growth inhibition.S. cerevisiaeyeast can adapt to tolerate high concentrations of caffeine in coffee and cacao fermentations and in experimental systems. While many factors affecting caffeine tolerance and TOR signaling have been identified, further characterization of their interactions and regulation remain to be studied. We used experimental evolution ofS. cerevisiaeto study the genetic contributions to caffeine tolerance in yeast, through a collaboration between high school students evolving yeast populations coupled with further research exploration in university labs. We identified multiple evolved yeast populations with mutations inPDR1andPDR5, which contribute to multidrug resistance, and showed that gain-of-function mutations in multidrug resistance family transcription factorsPDR1, PDR3, andYRR1differentially contribute to caffeine tolerance. We also identified loss-of-function mutations in TOR effectorsSIT4, SKY1, andTIP41, and show that these mutations contribute to caffeine tolerance. These findings support the importance of both the multidrug resistance family and TOR signaling in caffeine tolerance, and can inform future exploration of networks affected by caffeine and other TOR inhibitors in model systems and industrial applications.
Lattice QCD calculation of the
Ds*
radiative decay with (
2+1
)-flavor Wilson-clover ensembles
Authors: Meng Yu , Dang Jin-Long , Liu Chuan , Liu Zhaofeng , Shen Tinghong , Yan Haobo , Zhang Ke-Long 
Published: April 2024

We perform a lattice calculation on the radiative decay of Ds* using the (2+1)-flavor Wilson-clover gauge ensembles generated by CLQCD collaboration. A method allowing us to calculate the form factor with zero transfer momentum is proposed and applied to the radiative transition Ds*→Dsγ and the Dalitz decay Ds*→Dse+e−. After a continuum extrapolation using three lattice spacings, we obtain Γ(Ds*→Dsγ)=0.0549(54)  keV, where the error is purely statistical. The result is consistent with previous lattice calculations but with a error reduced to only a fifth of the before. The Dalitz decay rate is also calculated for the first time and the ratio with the radiative transition is found to be Ree=0.624(3)%. A total decay width of Ds* can then be determined as 0.0587(54) keV taking into account the experimental branching fraction. Combining with the most recent experimental measurement on the branching fraction of the purely leptonic decay Ds+,*→e+νe, we obtain the quantity fDs*|Vcs|=(190.5−41.7stat+55.1±12.6syst)  MeV, where the stat. is only the statistical error from the experiment, and syst. results from the experimental systematic uncertainty and the lattice statistical error. Our result leads to an improved systematic uncertainty compared to 42.7syst obtained using previous lattice prediction of total decay width 0.070(28) keV as the input.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Accelerated quantum circuit Monte Carlo simulation for heavy quark thermalization
Authors: Du Xiaojian , Qian Wenyang 
Published: April 2024

Thermalization of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma is one of the most promising phenomena for understanding the strong interaction. The energy loss and momentum broadening at low momentum can be well described by a stochastic process with drag and diffusion terms. Recent advances in quantum computing, in particular, quantum amplitude estimation (QAE), promise to provide a quadratic speedup in simulating stochastic processes. We introduce and formalize an accelerated quantum circuit Monte Carlo (aQCMC) framework to simulate heavy quark thermalization. With simplified drag and diffusion coefficients connected by Einstein’s relation, we simulate the thermalization of a heavy quark in isotropic and anisotropic mediums using an ideal quantum simulator and compare that to thermal expectations. With Grover-like QAE, we calculate physical observables with quadratically fewer resources, which is a boost over the classical MC simulation that usually requires a large sampling number at the same estimation accuracy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Laser Excitation of the Th-229 Nucleus
Authors: Tiedau J. , Okhapkin M. V. , Zhang K. , Thielking J. , Zitzer G. , Peik E. , Schaden F. , Pronebner T. , Morawetz I. , De Col L. Toscani , Schneider F. , Leitner A. , Pressler M. , Kazakov G. A. , Beeks K. , Sikorsky T. , Schumm T. 
Published: April 2024

The 8.4 eV nuclear isomer state in Th-229 is resonantly excited in Th-doped CaF2 crystals using a tabletop tunable laser system. A resonance fluorescence signal is observed in two crystals with different Th-229 dopant concentrations, while it is absent in a control experiment using Th-232. The nuclear resonance for the Th4+ ions in Th:CaF2 is measured at the wavelength 148.3821(5) nm, frequency 2020.409(7) THz, and the fluorescence lifetime in the crystal is 630(15) s, corresponding to an isomer half-life of 1740(50) s for a nucleus isolated in vacuum. These results pave the way toward Th-229 nuclear laser spectroscopy and realizing optical nuclear clocks.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum simulations of time-dependent Hamiltonians beyond the quasistatic approximation
Authors: Shi Boyuan , Mintert Florian 
Published: April 2024

Existing approaches to analog quantum simulations of time-dependent quantum systems rely on perturbative corrections to quantum simulations of time-independent quantum systems. We overcome this restriction to perturbative treatments with an approach based on flow equations and a multimode Fourier expansion. The potential of the quantum simulations that can be achieved with our approach is demonstrated with the pedagogical example of a Λ system and the quench in finite time through a quantum phase transition of a Chern insulator in a driven noninteracting Hubbard system. The example of the Λ system demonstrates the ability of our approach to describe situations beyond the validity of adiabatic approximations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A fairy tale with an unhappy ending: the organizational regulation of “Latina accountant identity” in Spain
Authors: Gago-Rodríguez Susana , Lazcano Laura , Bada Carmen 
Published: April 2024

PurposeIdentity regulation is part of a management control package. Organizations regulate employees’ self-identity to influence their behaviors. The success of this regulation depends on its trade-off with employees’ work identities and personalities. Organizational discourse nurtures this dynamic and interactive process. We focus on the regulation of an (undesired) organizational identity that is born at the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, sex and migrant discrimination in accounting-related positions. We aim to analyze how Latina accountants who migrate to Spain perceive that their triple status as Latina, women and migrants affects their careers as accountants and interpret whether this triple intersectional discrimination aims to create a Latina accountant’s self-identity.Design/methodology/approachThis critical study follows a phenomenological approach to analyze the experiences of women born in Latin America who migrated to Spain to occupy accounting-related positions. A thematic analysis of their semi-structured interviews allowed us to examine the challenges faced by Latina accountants in their accounting careers in Spain.FindingsOur interviewees' narratives display an internalization of, even resignation to, a self-identity that we label “Latina accountant identity.” This identity is based on explicit discrimination discourses that cause them to suffer from the intersection of racism, sexism and migrant conditions and is nurtured by the discourses of their senior managers, co-workers and subordinates.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to frame the regulation of an intersectional discriminatory identity that is used to control Latina accountants from the inside, acting on the triple condition of Latinas, women and foreigners, influencing their self-perceptions regarding work and personal lives.
Reshaping vocational training: a study on the recognition of micro-credentials in job markets
Authors: Alasmari Talal 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study examines the perceptions of human resource (HR) professionals regarding the use of micro-credentials in the job market. The research explores the role of micro-credentials as emerging credentials in job requirements, continuing education, soft skills acquisition, job application evaluation (JAE) processes, qualification preferences in recruitment, salary/pay scale determination and promotional opportunities.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology was used to collect data through questionnaires distributed to 124 HR professionals.FindingsThe study finds that HR professionals recognize the value of micro-credentials in enhancing a candidate’s resume and aligning with their career objectives, as they offer personalized skill-building opportunities. However, some recruiters question the legitimacy of micro-credentials, perceiving them as informal and questioning their practical transferability.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance for HR professionals to remain updated on emerging trends, adapt to the changing dynamics of the professional workforce and incorporate this into their recruitment and promotion policies. It also emphasizes the need for further investigation into the legitimacy of micro-credentials and their impact on the job market and presents the potential benefits of their integration into HR practices.
Nanofluid natural convection of hot concentric cylinder in oval-shaped porous cavity at different eccentricity
Authors: Ali Farooq H. , Almensoury Mushtaq F. , Hashim Atheer Saad , Al-Amir Qusay Rasheed , Hamzah Hameed K. , Hatami M. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to study the effect of concentric hot circular cylinder inside egg-cavity porous-copper nanofluid on natural convection phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach
The finite element method–based Galerkin approach is applied to solve numerically the set of governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions.

Findings
The effects of different range parameters, such as Darcy number (10–3 = Da = 10–1), Rayleigh number (103 = Ra = 106), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 = ϑ = 0.06) and eccentricity (−0.3 = e = 0.1) on the fluid flow represent by stream function and heat transfer represent by temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt numbers.

Research limitations/implications
A comparison between oval shape and concentric circular concentric cylinder was investigated.

Originality/value
In the current numerical study, heat transfer by natural convection was identified inside the new design of egg-shaped cavity as a result of the presence of a circular inside it supported by a porous medium filled with a nanofluid. After reviewing previous studies and considering the importance of heat transfer by free convection inside tubes for many applications, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current work is the first study that deals with a study and comparison between the common shape (concentric circular tubes) and the new shape (egg-shaped cavity).
Information security policy effectiveness: a managerial perspective of the financial industry in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thai , Hassandoust Farkhondeh 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Information security (InfoSec) policy violations are of great concern to all organisations worldwide, especially in the financial industry. Although the importance of InfoSec policy has been highlighted for many decades, InfoSec breaches still occur due to a low level of employee compliance and a lack of engagement and competence in high-level management. However, previous studies have primarily investigated the behavioural aspects of InfoSec policy compliance at the individual level rather than the managerial factors involved in constructing InfoSec policy and developing its effectiveness. Thus, drawing on neo-institutional theory and a transformational leadership framework, this research investigated the influence of external mechanisms and transformational leadership on InfoSec policy effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
The research model was implemented using field survey data from professional managers in the financial sector.

Findings
The results reported that neo-institutional mechanisms and transformational leadership shape InfoSec policy effectiveness in an organisation.

Originality/value
This study broadens current InfoSec policy research from an individual level to a managerial perspective and enhances the existing literature on neo-institutional and transformational leadership in the context of InfoSec. It highlights the need to evaluate InfoSec policy based on external factors and to support transformational leadership styles that promote InfoSec policy enforcement and effectiveness.
Carbon emissions, female CEOs and earnings management
Authors: Houqe Muhammad Nurul , Opare Solomon , Zahir-Ul-Hassan Muhammad Kaleem 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between carbon emissions and earnings management (EM). This study also considers the effect of female CEOs on the association between carbon emissions and EM.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the carbon disclosure project (CDP) for carbon emissions data, the Compustat database for financial information and the ExecuComp database for female CEOs. The empirical sample of this study consists of 1,692 firm-year observations in the USA that voluntarily participated in the CDP survey from 2007 to 2015. Regression analysis and robustness tests are conducted for this study and both accrual and real EM are considered.

Findings
This study provides evidence that firms with female CEOs who voluntarily disclose their carbon emissions information engage in less real EM. Thus, the presence of female CEOs moderates the association between carbon emissions and EM. This study/paper also finds a positive association between carbon emissions and real EM, although there is an insignificant association between carbon emissions and accruals EM.

Practical implications
The association between carbon emissions and EM has important implications for investors, regulators and policymakers. This study suggests that policymakers should improve the conditions that promote inclusion of females in the top management positions to constrain EM.

Originality/value
This study focuses on the USA, which is one of the major contributors to carbon emissions in the world. The presence of female CEOs moderates the association between carbon emissions and EM and firms with female CEOs show a greater impact on EM.