bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Structure and Redox Properties of Metal Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes M3N@C2n (M=Sc, Y, La, and Gd; 2n=80, 84, 88, 92, 96)
Authors: Valencia Ramón , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Clotet Anna , de Graaf Coen , Chaur Manuel N. , Echegoyen Luis , Poblet Josep M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn extensive study of the redox properties of metal nitride endohedral fullerenes (MNEFs) based on DFT computational calculations has been performed. The electronic structure of the singly oxidized and reduced MNEFs has been thoroughly analyzed and the first anodic and cathodic potentials, as well as the electrochemical gaps, have been predicted for a large number of M3N@C2n systems (M=Sc, Y, La, and Gd; 2n=80, 84, 88, 92, and 96). In particular, calculations that include thermal and entropic effects correctly predict the different anodic behavior of the two isomers (Ih and D5h) of Sc3N@C80, which is the basis for their electrochemical separation. Important differences were found in the electronic structure of reduced M3N@C80 when M=Sc or when M is a more electropositive metal, such as Y or Gd. Moreover, the changes in the electrochemical gaps within the Gd3N@C2n series (2n=80, 84, and 88) have been rationalized and the use of Y‐based computational models to study the Gd‐based systems has been justified. The redox properties of the largest MNEFs characterized so far, La3N@C2n (2n=92 and 96), were also correctly predicted. Finally, the quality of these predictions and their usefulness in distinguishing the carbon cages for MNEFs with unknown structures is discussed.
An explanation of magic angle spinning NMR experiments in the time domain
Authors: Jiang Yi Jin , Harper James K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSample spinning is successful in narrowing line widths of NMR spectra in both liquid and solid‐state NMR experiments due to a common underlying mechanism. Here, sample spinning is demonstrated to convert the effects on line width due to magnetic field inhomogeneity in the space domain into a periodic frequency variations in the time domain. The conditions needed to achieve this conversion differ significantly for liquids and solids by spinning the sample along a different axis having a unique orientation with the direction of external magnetic field. This is in order to form an NMR signal with a periodic frequency modulation composed of a distinct center band and side bands. The reason for this will be explained in detail in the text. Commonly, encountered experimental results can be clearly understood when described in terms of frequency modulation including the origin of spinning side‐bands in liquids and solids, and why one needs to spin the solid state sample faster for narrowing line widths of NMR spectra caused by magnetic dipole–dipole interaction when compared with chemical shift anisotropy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 249–263, 2009.
Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP‐treated mice after near‐infrared light treatment
Authors: Shaw Victoria E. , Spana Sharon , Ashkan Keyoumars , Benabid Alim‐Louis , Stone Jonathan , Baker Gary E. , Mitrofanis John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study explores whether near‐infrared (NIr) light treatment neuroprotects dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the zona incerta‐hypothalamus (ZI‐Hyp) from degeneration in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated mice. BALB/c albino mice were divided into four groups: 1) Saline, 2) Saline‐NIr, 3) MPTP, 4) MPTP‐NIr. The injections were intraperitoneal and they were followed immediately by NIr light treatment (or not). Two doses of MPTP, mild (50 mg/kg) and strong (100 mg/kg), were used. Mice were perfused transcardially with aldehyde fixative 6 days after their MPTP treatment. Brains were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry. The number of TH+ cells was estimated using the optical fractionator method. Our major finding was that in the SNc there were significantly more dopaminergic cells in the MPTP‐NIr compared to the MPTP group (35%–45%). By contrast, in the ZI‐Hyp there was no significant difference in the numbers of cells in these two groups. In addition, our results indicated that survival in the two regions after MPTP insult was dose‐dependent. In the stronger MPTP regime, the magnitude of loss was similar in the two regions (≈60%), while in the milder regime cell loss was greater in the SNc (45%) than ZI‐Hyp (≈30%). In summary, our results indicate that NIr light treatment offers neuroprotection against MPTP toxicity for dopaminergic cells in the SNc, but not in the ZI‐Hyp. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:25–40, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the paralogous tyrosine hydroxylase encoding genes th1 and th2 reveals the full complement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in zebrafish larval and juvenile brain
Authors: Filippi Alida , Mahler Julia , Schweitzer Jörn , Driever Wolfgang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe development of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons has received much attention based on their modulatory effect on many behavioral circuits and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a new model organism with which to study development and function of catecholaminergic systems. Tyrosine hydroxylase is the entry enzyme into catecholamine biosynthesis and is frequently used as a marker for catecholaminergic neurons. A genome duplication at the base of teleost evolution resulted in two paralogous zebrafish tyrosine hydroxylase‐encoding genes, th1 and th2, the expression of which has been described previously only for th1. Here we investigate the expression of th2 in the brain of embryonic and juvenile zebrafish. We optimized whole‐mount in situ hybridization protocols to detect gene expression in the anatomical three‐dimensional context of whole juvenile brains. To confirm whether th2‐expressing cells may indeed use dopamine as a neurotransmitter, we also included expression of dopamine beta hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, and dopamine transporter in our analysis. Our data provide the first complete account of catecholaminergic neurons in the zebrafish embryonic and juvenile brain. We identified four major th2‐expressing neuronal groups that likely use dopamine as transmitter in the zebrafish diencephalon, including neurons of the posterior preoptic nucleus, the paraventricular organ, and the nuclei of the lateral and posterior recesses in the caudal hypothalamus. th2 Expression in the latter two groups resolves a previously reported discrepancy, in which strong dopamine but little tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity had been detected in the caudal hypothalamus. Our data also confirm that there are no mesencephalic DA neurons in zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:423–438, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Workload performance characterization of DARPA HPCS benchmarks
Authors: Seelam Seetharami , Chung I‐Hsin , Cong Guojing , Wen Hui‐Fang , Klepacki David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is critical to understand the workload characteristics and resource usage patterns of available applications to guide the design and development of hardware and software stacks of future machines. In this article, we analyze the workload performance characteristics of three large‐scale DARPA HPCS benchmarks: Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, Parallel Ocean Program, and Lattice Boltzemann Magneto‐Hydrodynamics Code while executing on IBM Power5+ processor machines. Our analysis is focused on the CPU/memory performance using Cycles Per Instruction (CPI) model and multiprocess communication performance using MPI traces. For each benchmark, we provide a high‐level performance analysis followed by the hotspot analysis for selected input parameters. Then we present a detailed workload performance characterization using CPI model with data from a unique set of performance counters available on the Power5+ processor system. From communication performance analysis, we describe the sources of load imbalances in the applications and identify the potential impediments to the scalability of the applications under large processor counts. We identify several sources of performance problems that are potential bottlenecks and discuss methods to ameliorate them. We also present a comparative analysis of these benchmarks to summarize the similarities and differences in their performance characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Iron in a Third‐Generation Ionic Liquid: Cyclic Voltammetry and Micromachining Investigations
Authors: Moustafa Essam M. , Mann Olivier , Fürbeth Wolfram , Schuster Rolf 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of Fe in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim]+Ntf2−) and mixtures with Cl− is studied with the aim of investigating the applicability of ionic liquids (IL) for the electrochemical machining of iron. Whereas in pure IL iron could not be significantly dissolved, the addition of Cl− enables the active dissolution with anodic current densities up to several mA cm−2. Although several anodic peaks appear in the cyclic voltammograms (CV), the distinct assignment of those electrochemical processes remain difficult. In particular no proof for the formation of FeClx2−x complexes during Fe dissolution are deduced from the CV, although such complexes are shown to be stable in the employed electrolyte. In addition, we present electrochemical drilling experiments with short potential pulses, which demonstrate that electrochemical machining of Fe is, in principle, possible in IL based electrolytes, even though hampered by slow machining speed.
Single‐crystal growth and characterization of mullite‐type orthorhombic Bi2M4O9 (M = Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+)
Authors: Burianek M. , Mühlberg M. , Woll M. , Schmücker M. , Gesing Th. M. , Schneider H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPure and homogeneous single crystals of orthorhombic mullite‐type Bi2M4O9 (M = Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+), and a mixed Bi2Fe1.7Ga2.3O9 crystal from an equimolar Ga/Fe composition were grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. All these compounds melt incongruently in the range of about 800 and 1100 °C. In case of bismuth gallate and ferrate inclusion‐free crystals with dimensions up to several cubic centimeters can be grown. Limited solubility in Bi2O3 and the high steepness of the liquidus curve are the reasons for getting only small imperfect bismuth aluminate crystals. In contrast to ceramic materials preparation reported in literature, divalent calcium and strontium could not be incorporated into the mullite‐type structure during the melt growth process. Several fundamental physical properties like heat capacity, thermal expansion, heat conductivity, elastic constants, high‐pressure behavior and oxygen diffusivity were determined by different research groups using single‐crystalline samples from the as‐grown materials. Furthermore, the refractive indices of Bi2Ga4O9 were measured in the range of 0.430 and 0.700 μm. Such as many other bismuth containing compounds the refractive indices of Bi2Ga4O9 are larger than 2, and Bi2Ga4O9 is an optic biaxial positive crystal. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shallow trapping center parameters in as‐grown AgIn5S8 crystals determined by thermally stimulated current measurements
Authors: Yildirim T. , Gasanly N. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThermally stimulated current measurements were carried out on as‐grown AgIn5S8 single crystals. The investigations were performed in temperatures ranging from 10 to 70 K with heating rate of 0.2 Ks–1. The analysis of the data revealed the electron trap level located at 5 meV. The activation energies of the traps have been determined using various methods of analysis, and they agree with each other. The calculation for these traps yielded 2.2 × 10–25 cm2 for capture cross section and 6.1 × 1012 cm–3 for the concentration. It was concluded that in this center retrapping was negligible, as confirmed by the good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions of the model that assumes slow retrapping. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Commentary on ‘Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal airway obstruction in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy’
Authors: Ntzani Evangelia E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zhang L, Mendoza‐Sassi RA, César JA, Chadha NK. Intranasal corticosteroids for nasal airway obstruction in children with moderate to severe adenoidal hypertrophy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006286. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006286.pub2
Commentary on ‘Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children’, with a response from the review authors
Authors: El‐Hakim Hamdy , McDonald Stephen , Langton Hewer Claire D. , Nunez Desmond A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: McDonald S, Langton Hewer CD, Nunez DA. Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art, No.: CD004741. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004741.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Bifurcation and stability analysis of laminar flow in curved ducts
Authors: Machane Werner 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe development of viscous flow in a curved duct under variation of the axial pressure gradient q is studied. We confine ourselves to two‐dimensional solutions of the Dean problem. Bifurcation diagrams are calculated for rectangular and elliptic cross sections of the duct. We detect a new branch of asymmetric solutions for the case of a rectangular cross section. Furthermore we compute paths of quadratic turning points and symmetry breaking bifurcation points under variation of the aspect ratio γ (γ=0.8…1.5). The computed diagrams extend the results presented by other authors. We succeed in finding two origins of the Hopf bifurcation. Making use of the Cayley transformation, we determine the stability of stationary laminar solutions in the case of a quadratic cross section. All the calculations were performed on a parallel computer with 32×32 processors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ecological water conveyance on groundwater dynamics and riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China
Authors: Chen Yaning , Chen Yapeng , Xu Changchun , Ye Zhaoxia , Li Zhongqin , Zhu Chenggang , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the field measurements of changes in groundwater level and plant species abundance along nine transects crossing the Tarim River in Xinjiang, China, we examined the responses of groundwater and plant communities to a government‐controlled 7‐year recharge regime to the lower reaches of the river. Our results showed that the water recharges considerably lifted the groundwater table on both sides of the river course. The 6–8‐m groundwater depths before the water recharges rose to 2–4 m after the recharges. In the transverse direction, the response of the groundwater table could be observed at as far as 850 m from the river course, and the affected Populus euphratica could be observed at 700 m. However, we did not observe significant influence of the water recharges on herbaceous plants. We infer that the plant communities will be benefited more from the combination of overbank flows and stream aquifer recharge than from sole stream aquifer recharge. Such a combination may maximize the ecological benefits of water conveyance and accelerate the restoration of the damaged arid ecosystems in this area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicity and biological effects of functional nanomaterials delivered to various cell lines
Authors: Mahmood Meena , Casciano Daniel A. , Mocan Teodora , Iancu Cornel , Xu Yang , Mocan Lucian , Iancu Dana Todea , Dervishi Enkeleda , Li Zhongrui , Abdalmuhsen Mustafa , Biris Alexandru R. , Ali Nawab , Howard Paul , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFunctional nanomaterials that included gold, silver nanoparticles and single wall carbon nanotubes were delivered to two cell lines (MLO‐Y4 osteocytic cells and HeLa cervical cancer cells) in various concentrations. The cells were found to uptake the nanomaterials in a relatively short time, a process that significantly affected the shape and the size of the cells. The percentage of cellular death, due to the delivery of these nanomaterials, was found to be the highest for carbon nanotubes and increased gradually with the concentration of these nanostructures. Moreover, when the nanomaterials were delivered to the cells combined with commonly used chemotherapeutic agents such as etoposide or dexamethasone, the number of the cells that died increased significantly (100–300%) as compared with the case when only the nanomaterials or the chemotherapeutic agents were delivered. The experimental results were confirmed by Caspase 3 studies, indicating a strong interaction between the nanomaterials used in this study and the protein structure of the cells, which allowed a more effective action of the apoptotic agents. These findings could be the foundation of a new class of cancer therapies that are composed of both chemotherapeutic agents and nanomaterials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphadenectomy for patients with cervical cancer: Is it of value?
Authors: Rossi Peter J. , Horowitz Ira R. , Johnstone Peter A.S. , Jani Ashesh B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroductionDiscovery of positive lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with cervix cancer is important prognostically, may direct adjuvant therapy, and may have therapeutic benefit. The purpose of this Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) analysis was to assess the value of lymphadenectomy (LND) in patients with cervical cancer.MethodsThe 17‐registry SEER database was searched for patients treated for cervical cancer between 1988 and 1998. Observed survival (OS) and expected survival (ES) were reported with a minimum of 5‐year follow‐up. Chi‐square analysis and log‐rank test were used to compare OS and ES.ResultsBetween 1988 and 1998, 4,059 of 12,882 patients underwent LND for cervical cancer and were registered. By stage, 2,653 of 7,621 stage I, 341 of 2,042 stage II, 814 of 1,986 stage III, 251 of 1,233 stage IV, and 28 of 226 stage IVA patients underwent LND. Of these, 778 stage III and 210 stage IV patients had a +LN. Patients who underwent LND had improved OS (P = 0.001). OS was significantly increased for each stage after LND. OS increased based on number of nodes resected. OS increased up to 15 nodes resected (P = 0.01).ConclusionThis SEER analysis of 12,882 patients suggests that LND benefited patients with cervical cancer and OS was improved. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:404–406. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric evaluation and validation of the German version of the Acute Stress Disorder Scale across two distinct trauma populations
Authors: Helfricht Susanne , Landolt Markus A. , Moergeli Hanspeter , Hepp Urs , Wegener Dominique , Schnyder Ulrich 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAddressing the lack of self‐report tools for acute stress disorder assessment, the authors aimed at translating and evaluating the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) into German. The scale was applied to parents of children following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (n = 61), and to patients with an acute cardiac event (n = 52) within one month of illness‐related trauma. Indices of reliability, construct, and predictive validity with established measures of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression suggest that the German ASDS is a psychometrically sound and valid instrument.
A cross‐sectional study of ultrasound estimated bladder weight in a sample of men and women without lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Morris Vikky , Steventon Nigel , Hazbun Saleh , Wagg Adrian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAimsA non‐invasive ultrasound method of estimating bladder weight (UEBW) has been proposed as diagnostic for outflow tract obstruction and detrusor overactivity in men and women. There are no data on asymptomatic men and women. This study aimed to examine the relationship between UEBW, age, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA).MethodsHealthy volunteers of either sex were recruited from hospital staff, visitors, and patients. All were screened as asymptomatic using a validated tool and variables recorded. Bladder scans were performed using the Bladderscan BVM 6500 (Verathon, Aylesbury, England).ResultsThirty men and 40 women were included in the study. There was no correlation between UEBW and BMI or age. There was a statistically significant correlation between height and UEBW (rs = 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.86), P < 0.0001), span and UEBW (M,rs = 0.68, P < 0.0001, F,rs = 0.36, P < 0.02), BSA and UEBW (M,rs = 0.75, P < 0.0001, F,rs = 0.34, P < 0.035), and height and UEBW (rs = 0.78 (95% CI 0.66–0.86), P < 0.0001) for both men and women.ConclusionsThis study has described a highly significant association between UEBW and height, and span and BSA in a group of asymptomatic individuals of both sexes. Caution should be taken when ascribing pathological significance to observations made in the absence of understanding of normal physiology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:995–997, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semi‐analytical integration of the elastic stiffness matrix of an axisymmetric eight‐noded finite element
Authors: Lozada I.J. , Griffiths D.V. , Cerrolaza M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method for approximate solution of partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. This work describes a methodology for generating the elastic stiffness matrix of an axisymmetric eight‐noded finite element with the help of Computer Algebra Systems. The approach is described as “semi analytical” because the formulation mimics the steps taken using Gaussian numerical integration techniques. The semianalytical subroutines developed herein run 50[percnt] faster than the conventional Gaussian integration approach. The routines, which are made publically available for download,1 should help FEM researchers and engineers by providing significant reductions of CPU times when dealing with large finite element models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010