bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotinamide‐Dependent Ene Reductases as Alternative Biocatalysts for the Reduction of Activated Alkenes
Authors: Durchschein Katharina , Wallner Silvia , Macheroux Peter , Schwab Wilfried , Winkler Thorsten , Kreis Wolfgang , Faber Kurt 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFour NAD(P)H‐dependent non‐flavin ene reductases have been investigated for their ability to reduce activated C=C bonds in an asymmetric fashion by using 20 structurally diverse substrates. In comparison with flavin‐dependent Old Yellow Enzyme homologues, a higher degree of electronic activation was required, because the best activities were obtained with enals and nitroalkenes rather than enones and carboxylic esters. Although FaEO from Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry) and its homologue SlEO from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) exhibited a narrow substrate spectrum, progesterone 5β‐reductase (At5β‐StR) from Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) and leukotriene B4 12‐hydroxydehydrogenase (LTB4DH/PGR) from Rattus norvegicus (rat) appear to be promising candidates, in particular for the asymmetric bioreduction of open‐chain enals, nitroalkenes and α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactones. Competing nitro reduction and non‐enzymatic Weitz–Scheffer epoxidation were largely suppressed.
Application of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay and analysis of PON1Gln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(−48T>G) polymorphisms in tobacco farmers
Authors: Da Silva Fernanda Rabaioli , Da Silva Juliana , Nunes Emilene , Benedetti Danieli , Kahl Vivian , Rohr Paula , Abreu Marina B. , Thiesen Flávia Valladão , Kvitko Kátia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTobacco is a major Brazilian cash crop. Tobacco farmers apply large amounts of pesticides to control insect growth. Workers come into contact with green tobacco leaves during the tobacco harvest and absorb nicotine through the skin. In the present study, micronucleus frequency, cell death, and the frequency of basal cells were measured in tobacco farmers using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt), in parallel with measurement of blood butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and nicotine levels. Polymorphisms in PONIGln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(−48T>G) were evaluated to verify the relationship between genetic susceptibility and the measured biomarkers. Peripheral blood and buccal cell samples were collected from 106 agricultural workers, at two different crop times (during pesticide application and leaf harvest), as well as 53 unexposed controls. BMCyt showed statistically significant increases in micronuclei, nuclear buds, and binucleated cells among exposed subjects in differentiated cells, and in micronuclei in basal cells. In addition, the exposed group showed higher values for condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic, pyknotic, and karyolitic cells, indicative of cell death, and an increase in the frequency of basal cells compared to the unexposed control group. A slight difference in mutagenicity using the BMCyt assay was found between the two different sampling times (pesticide application and leaf harvest), with higher micronucleus frequencies during pesticide application. Elevated cotinine levels were observed during the leaf harvest compared to the unexposed controls, while BChE level was similar among the farmers and controls. PONIGln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(−48T>G) polymorphisms were associated with DNA damage induced by pesticides and cell death. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bixin and norbixin protect against DNA‐damage and alterations of redox status induced by methylmercury exposure in vivo
Authors: Barcelos Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron , Grotto Denise , Serpeloni Juliana Mara , Aissa Alexandre Ferro , Antunes Lusânia Maria Greggi , Knasmüller Siegfried , Barbosa Fernando 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPopulations in the Amazon are exposed to organic mercury via consumption of contaminated foods. These ethnic groups consume a specific plant seed “annatto” which contains certain carotenoids. The aim of this study was to find out if these compounds (bixin, BIX and norbixin, NOR), protect against DNA‐damage caused by the metal. Therefore, rats were treated orally with methylmercury (MeHg) and with the carotenoids under conditions that are relevant to humans. The animals were treated either with MeHg (30 μg/kg/bw/day), BIX (0.1–10 mg/kg/bw/day), NOR (0.01–1.0 mg/kg/bw/day) or combinations of the metal compound and the carotenoids consecutively for 45 days. Subsequently, the glutathione levels (GSH) and the activity of catalase were determined, and DNA‐damage was measured in hepatocytes and leukocytes using single cell gel electrophoresis assays. Treatment with the metal alone caused a decrease in the GSH levels (35%) and induced DNA damage, which resulted in increased DNA migration after electrophoresis in liver and blood cells, whereas no effects were seen with the carotenoids alone. When BIX or NOR were given in combination with organic mercury, the intermediate and the highest concentrations of the carotenoids (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/bw/day BIX and 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg/bw/day NOR) protected against DNA‐damage. Furthermore, we found with both carotenoids, a moderate increase in the GSH levels in both metal‐treated and untreated animals, while the activities of catalase remained unchanged. Our results indicate that consumption of BIX and NOR may protect humans against the adverse health effects caused by exposure to organic mercury. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DSM‐IV‐Defined Anorexia Nervosa Versus Subthreshold Anorexia Nervosa (EDNOS‐AN)
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Cao Li , Ndungu Alfred , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesEating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is the most prevalent eating disorder, yet its heterogeneity begs less reliance on this broad diagnostic category. The purpose of this study was to compare women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and EDNOS, AN type (EDNOS‐AN) from a multisite study on eating‐related and general psychopathology measures.MethodsOne hundred eighteen participants (n = 59 with DSM‐IV AN, n = 59 with EDNOS‐AN) completed structured interviews, questionnaires and a physical examination at baseline. In addition, participants carried a handheld palm pilot computer for 2 weeks to provide ecological momentary assessment (EMA) information about mood and eating disorder behaviours.ResultsNo significant differences between AN and EDNOS‐AN were found on the self‐report and interview measures, or on the EMA mood assessments. The only differences to emerge were that participants with AN reported higher rates of binge eating and purging on EMA compared with those with EDNOS‐AN, whereas EDNOS‐AN reported higher rates of checking thighs and joints on EMA compared with those with AN. For the physiological parameters, AN presented with lower white blood cell counts compared with EDNOS‐AN.ConclusionsFindings highlight the clinical significance of EDNOS‐AN and support a closer look at the definition of AN as proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Factors affecting spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils in North China Plain
Authors: Wang Xilong , Zuo Qian , Duan Yonghong , Liu Wenxin , Cao Jun , Tao Shu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The spatial variation in concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils in the North China Plain and the influential factors were examined in the present study. High concentrations of the sum of 16 PAHs (∑PAH16) appeared in cities and their surrounding areas. Emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) content significantly regulated spatial differentiation of PAH contamination in soils in the study area. Compared with emissions, concentrations of individual and total PAHs in soils were more closely controlled by the SOC content. Furthermore, concentrations of PAH species with lower molecular weight (e.g., two- or three-ring) in surface soils were more strongly correlated with the SOC content in comparison with those of higher molecular weight (e.g., five- or six-ring), mainly because of their higher saturated vapor pressure, thus higher mobility. The spatial variation of PAH species in soils in the North China Plain tended to be larger with increasing benzene ring numbers, and the difference in physicochemical properties of PAH species determined their distinct spatial distribution characteristics. The present study highlights the relative importance of emissions and SOC content in spatial variation of PAHs and the dependence of the spatial distribution characteristics of PAH species in surface soils on their physicochemical properties at a regional scale. Results of the present work are helpful for regional risk assessment of the contaminants tested. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2246–2252. © 2012 SETAC
Quantum dot nanoparticles affect the reproductive system of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chun L. , O'Callaghan Maureen , Al-Salim Najeh , Hurst Mark R. H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are an increasingly important class of nanoparticle, but little ecotoxicological data for QDs has been published to date. The effects of mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA)-capped QDs (QDs-MSA) and equivalent concentrations of cadmium (Cd) from cadmium chloride on growth and reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Rhabditidae) were assessed in laboratory experiments. Growth from larvae to adults of C. elegans was unaffected by exposure to 1 µM fluorescent QDs-MSA, but adults produced more embryos and laid them prematurely. Furthermore, C. elegans exposed to QDs-MSA (1 µM) showed a high percentage of embryo mortality (19.2 ± 0.5, p &lt; 0.001, percentage ± standard deviation) compared with unexposed nematodes (11.6 ± 0.4). An egg-laying defect phenotype was also observed at high frequency in response to 1 µM QDs-MSA exposure (38.3 ± 3.6%, p &lt; 0.01; control 10.0 ± 2.2%). This resulted in a reduced mean life span (20.5 ± 1.1 d, p &lt; 0.05) compared with the control (24.6 ± 1.0 d). Cadmium also caused reduced life span in C. elegans, but a low incidence of egg-laying defects was observed, suggesting that Cd and QDs-MSA affected C. elegans by different mechanisms. Furthermore, egg-laying defects caused by QDs-MSA responded to the addition of the anticonvulsant ethosuximide and to a lesser extent to the neurotransmitter serotonin, suggesting that QDs-MSA might have disrupted motor neurons during the reproduction process. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2366–2374. © 2012 SETAC
Effectiveness of a recovery‐orientated psychiatric intervention package on the wellbeing of people with early dementia: a preliminary randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jha Arun , Jan Farida , Gale Tim , Newman Charmaine 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate whether recovery‐orientated psychiatric assessment and therapeutic intervention enhances the wellbeing of people with dementia and their family carers.MethodsIn a preliminary randomised controlled trial, 48 people with early dementia were recruited. Of 34 who completed the trial, 17 were in the recovery and 17 in the treatment as usual group. Recovery participants received a recovery‐focused pre‐diagnostic wellbeing assessment and counselling, diagnostic consultation with written feedback and post‐diagnostic support over a period of 6 months using the WHO Wellbeing Index as the primary measure, and Mini Mental State Examination, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, EUROQOL and Zarit Burden Interview as secondary outcome measures.ResultsPeople in the recovery group showed a significant improvement in the WHO Wellbeing Index (18.3 for recovery vs 9.46 for treatment as usual; t = −2.28, p = 0.03), with trends of improvement in other outcome measures.ConclusionsThis trial shows that a recovery‐focused diagnostic consultation and post‐diagnostic support enhance the wellbeing of people with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical management of bilateral parotid lipomatosis in a patient with HIV
Authors: Cunningham Aileen L. , Taghi Ali S. , Singh Gurmit Kaur Jagjit , Sandison Ann , Cohen Charlotte E. , Grant William E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to sequelae including lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS). We present the first published case of surgical management of bilateral parotid lipomatosis in a patient with HIV on long‐term HAART.MethodsWe undertook review of the case notes from the time of diagnosis with HIV and literature review of this topic.ResultsA 45‐year‐old man with HIV on HAART presented with a 4‐year history of increasing bilateral facial swelling. He was asymptomatic apart from the stigmatizing cosmetic deformity. MRI revealed the parotid glands had been replaced by fat. He elected for surgery and parotid lipomatosis was diagnosed on histopathological examination.ConclusionLipohypertrophy in LDS is rare in the literature and this presentation of bilateral parotid lipomatosis secondary to HAART is only the third reported case, and the first to undergo surgical resection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
An experimental investigation on the free convection heat transfer in a horizontal cavity consisting of flow diverters
Authors: Yousefi Tooraj , Karami Alimohammad , Ghashghaei Damoon , Veysi Farzad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe free convection heat transfer in a horizontal cavity with adiabatic vertical and isothermally horizontal walls and adiabatic diverters has been studied experimentally in this paper. The experiments have been carried out using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The effects of the diverter angle ranging from 0 to 90$\circ$ and Rayleigh number based on the cavity side wall length, from 6 × 103 to 1.2 × 104 on the heat transfer from the heated wall, were studied. The results indicate that, at each Rayleigh number, the maximum and the minimum heat transfer occur at a diverter angle of 30 and 90$\circ$, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21014
Heat and mass transfer in a MHD non‐Darcian micropolar fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with non‐uniform heat source/sink and thermophoresis
Authors: Aurangzaib  , Shafie Sharidan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe effect of heat and mass transfer in a MHD non‐Darcian flow of a micropolar fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with thermophoresis and non‐uniform heat source/sink is discussed. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic field. The arising nonlinear problem is solved by the Keller box method. The effects of various physical parameters on skin friction, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented graphically and in tabular form. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21018
Mixed convection of a permeable fluid in a vertical channel with boundary conditions of a third kind
Authors: Umavathi J.C. , Veershetty Santosh 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNumerical investigation of a steady mixed convective flow through a fluid‐saturated porous media in a vertical channel with boundary conditions of the third kind including the effects of viscous dissipation and Darcy dissipation has been studied. The plates exchange heat with an external fluid. Both conditions of equal and of different reference temperatures of the external fluid are considered. First, the simpler cases of either negligible Brinkman number or negligible Grashof number are addressed with the help of analytical solutions. The combined effects of buoyancy forces and viscous dissipation are analyzed by a perturbation series method valid for small values of perturbation parameter. To relax the conditions on the perturbation parameter, the governing equations are also evaluated numerically by a shooting technique that uses the classical explicit Runge–Kutta method of four slopes as an integration scheme and the Newton–Raphson method as a correction scheme. The problem is analyzed for different values of mixed convection parameters, porous parameter for equal and unequal Biot numbers, keeping the wall temperatures symmetric or asymmetric. The graphical results illustrating the effects of various parameters on the flow as well as average velocity and Nusselt numbers are presented. Further the analytical and numerical solutions agree very well for small values of the perturbation parameter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21019
Mixed convective heat and mass transfer on a peristaltic flow of a non‐Newtonian fluid in a vertical asymmetric channel
Authors: Akram Safia , Ghafoor Abdul , Nadeem S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the present analysis we discuss the effects of mixed convective heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic flow of a non‐Newtonian fluid in a vertical asymmetric channel. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocitycaway from the fixed frame. The governing equations for the present flow problem are first modeled and then discussed. The analytical solution of the present flow problem is discussed using regular perturbation technique. The graphical results are discussed to see the effects of various physical parameters of interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21020
Neurocognitive and mood effects of alcohol in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Scholey AB , Benson S , Neale C , Owen L , Tiplady B 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveThe current pilot study aimed to assess the effects of drinking alcohol in a naturalistic setting on aspects of performance.MethodsThirty individuals were approached and tested individually in a university campus bar. They provided details regarding alcoholic drinks consumption. Each was breathalysed before and after completion of a computerised test battery administered on a handheld device. The battery consisted of visual analogue mood scales, a series of alcohol‐sensitive psychomotor and cognitive tests.ResultsThere were highly significant correlations between measured blood alcohol concentrations, estimated units of alcohol consumed and scores on a ‘sober‐drunk’ VAS (p < 0.001 in all cases). For performance, there was a characteristic alcohol‐associated shift in the speed/accuracy trade‐off (SATO), which was reflected as significantly more errors with less effect on speed across several measures (including maze performance and Serial Sevens). Individuals who were more intoxicated were also significantly less alert.ConclusionsThe data suggest that controlled laboratory tests into the effects of alcohol intoxication may have ecological validity, with SATO shifts amongst the characteristic impairments seen in both controlled and naturalistic settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic Therapy–Induced Angiogenic Signaling: Consequences and Solutions to Improve Therapeutic Response
Authors: Gallagher‐Colombo Shannon M. , Maas Amanda L. , Yuan Min , Busch Theresa M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a highly effective treatment for diseases ranging from actinic keratosis to cancer. While use of this therapy shows great promise in preclinical and clinical studies, understanding the molecular consequences of PDT is critical to designing better treatment protocols. A number of publications have documented alteration in angiogenic factors and growth factor receptors following PDT, which could abrogate treatment effect by inducing angiogenesis and reestablishment of the tumor vasculature. In response to these findings, work over the past decade has examined the efficacy of combining PDT with molecular targeting drugs, such as anti‐angiogenic compounds, in an effort to combat these PDT‐induced molecular changes. These combinatorial approaches increase rates of apoptosis, impair pro‐tumorigenic signaling, and enhance tumor response. This report will examine the current understanding of PDT‐induced angiogenic signaling and address molecular‐based approaches to abrogate this signaling or its consequences thereby enhancing PDT efficacy.
Electrical stimuli to increase cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes/mesoporous silica composites for drug delivery
Authors: Vila M. , Cicuéndez M. , Sánchez‐Marcos J. , Fal‐Miyar V. , Manzano M. , Prieto C. , Vallet‐Regi M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe development of smart materials as bone implants is nowadays a challenging task to optimize their fast osteointegration. Nevertheless, no attempts have been done in joining the possibility of using electrical stimulation and drug delivery together in a material intended for bone tissue engineering. Moreover, the use of this synergy to induce bone healing is still limited until novel drug reservoirs material formulations allow an efficient applicability of the electrical stimuli. Herein, we present the biological response of osteoblasts cells, cultured over carbon nanotubes–mesoporous silica composites while exposed to external electrical stimulus. Moreover, its ability to function as drug delivery systems is also demonstrated. Bone cell metabolism was stimulated and mitochondrial activity was increased up to seven times in the presence of these composites under electrical stimulus, suggesting their potential application in bone regeneration processes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:213–221, 2013.
Evaluation of nanoarchitectured collagen type II molecules on cartilage engineering
Authors: Kuo Shyh Ming , Chiang Ming Yu , Lan Cheng Wen , Niu Gregory Cheng‐Chie , Chang Shwu Jen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractScaffold architecture, including the geometry and dimension of scaffolds, is an important parameter in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Following the characterization of collagen type II nanoarchitectured molecules, collagen fibrils (CNFs) and collagen spheres (CNPs) prepared using a high‐voltage electric field in our laboratory, we proposed to use these nanoarchitectured molecules to assess their influence on the culturing of chondrocytes in stirred bioreactors. The results demonstrate that chondrocytes rapidly formed more and larger chondrocyte pellets (spheroids) after the addition of nanoarchitectured molecules into the culture medium. The maintenance of chondrocytes with round morphology and increased glycosaminoglycan secretion indicated that these spheroids contained viable and un‐dedifferentiated chondrocytes. No significant increases in DNA content were detected. These results show that the introduction of these molecules did not affect chondrocyte proliferation during a 3‐day culture period. After the addition of CNPs and CNFs into the culture medium, the expression levels of collagen type II and aggrecan genes in chondrocytes increased significantly as demonstrated by real‐time PCR analysis. Interestingly, chondrocytes exhibited distinct collagen type II and aggrecan gene expression profiles in culture with CNPs and CNFs. The aggrecan gene expression level of the chondrocytes was 2.5‐fold greater following CFN addition than following the addition of CNPs. In contrast, the collagen type II expression level of the chondrocytes was 2.2‐fold greater following the addition of CNPs than following the addition of CNFs. The chondrocyte pellets rapidly restored defects in articular cartilage during a 1‐month implantation period in a rabbit model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.