bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using critical incident interviews to identify the mental health knowledge, skills and attitudes of entry‐level dietitians
Authors: DOWDING Kerryn , ASH Susan , SHAKESPEARE‐FINCH Jane 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  This paper aims to explore new graduates' experience working with clients with mental health issues using critical incident interviews.Methods:  The qualitative research techniques were based on phenomenology. A purposive sample of 19 new graduate dietitians was drawn from a range of work settings and locations throughout Australia. Data were gathered using 30‐minute critical incident interviews. Audiotaped data were transcribed, coded to identify common themes, compared for congruence and then categorised into knowledge, skills and attitudes.Results:  New graduates encountered a range of situations involving a variety of mental health, wellbeing, dietetic and clinical issues. Common themes revealed that graduates felt under‐prepared to deal with these situations. Themes also highlighted the mental health knowledge, skills and attitudes required for entry‐level dietitians, which then informed the review of the National Competency Standards for Entry‐Level Dietitians.Conclusion:  New graduates encounter a variety of mental health and wellbeing issues in their everyday practice and therefore require training to address these situations competently.
Cooking skills are important competencies for promoting healthy eating in an urban Indigenous health service
Authors: FOLEY Wendy , SPURR Sally , LENOY Leah , DE JONG Maree , FICHERA Rebecca 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  A recent article in this journal asked whether cooking should be a dietetic competency and recommended finding dietitians’ views on the use of cooking skills interventions as nutrition education. This article presents views about the value of cooking skills in the work of nutrition professionals and students working in an urban Indigenous health service.Methods:  We reflect on our experience facilitating a series of practical cooking workshops in adult Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups and the importance of cooking skills for professionals promoting nutrition in community contexts.Results:  Cooking skills were essential for facilitating practical workshops to promote healthy cooking and eating among urban community groups. The workshops provided participants with new cooking ideas, opportunities to cook new recipes and some unfamiliar ingredients as well as learning new cooking skills. These enabled participants to be more confident preparing healthy meals at home. Cooking skills enhanced the processes of both effective community engagement and nutrition promotion.Conclusion:  Cooking interventions make an important contribution to promoting nutrition in urban Indigenous contexts and cooking skills are therefore important competencies for nutrition and dietetic professionals delivering practical community nutrition programs.
Influence of food cost on diet quality and risk factors for chronic disease: A systematic review
Authors: LEE Jia Hwa , RALSTON Robin A. , TRUBY Helen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To undertake a systematic literature review to examine the effect of food cost on diet quality and risk factors for chronic disease, specifically focusing on diet‐related lifestyle diseases affecting the Australian population.Methods:  A search of six databases resulted in the inclusion of one systematic review, three cohort studies, 41 cross‐sectional studies and four modelling studies in this review.Results:  Between 2000 and 2006, the price of healthy foods has increased more than the price of less healthy foods. Healthy Food Access Basket surveys show that a healthy diet may often be unaffordable for low‐ and average‐income households. Diets of higher energy density were associated with lower diet cost, whereas diets of higher nutrient density and nutritional quality were associated with higher diet cost. Recent studies report an inverse association between food price and food consumption. Consequently, an increase in food cost was associated with a significant reduction in weight, waist circumference, body mass index, obesity and insulin resistance.Conclusions:  Manipulation of food cost may alter food consumption and therefore risk factors for chronic disease. Further longitudinal studies investigating the impact of pricing strategies on diet quality and disease risk are needed.
Exploring weight status, dietary intake and acculturation in South Asian women living in Brisbane, Queensland
Authors: GALLEGOS Danielle , NASIM Sumaira 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the relationship between socio‐demographic characteristics, acculturation, weight status and dietary intake among a group of women from India and Pakistan living in Brisbane, Australia.Methods:  Cross‐sectional survey of a convenience sample of 22 women that collected: socio‐demographic details; levels of acculturation; food intake using a specifically designed food frequency questionnaire and food diary; and anthropometric measurements. Data were compared with women from South Australia.Results:  Women had a mean age of 38 years (24–50) and had been in Australia for an average of 4 years (1–25). Half (50%) of the women were categorised as overweight or obese and over two‐thirds (68%) had a waist measurement indicative of a high risk of chronic disease. A higher proportion of women from Pakistan were overweight and obese compared with Indian women. Women in this sample appeared to have a higher consumption of dairy, bread and cereals, vegetables and baked goods/snacks and were more likely to consume full‐fat milk compared with other Australian women. Breakfast was the meal most likely to have been ‘Australianised’.Conclusion:  Despite the results not reaching statistical significance, these findings do point to areas worthy of further investigation. These include the relationship between acculturation factors with dietary intake and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this small sample, there appears to be a need to investigate diet and physical activity in specific groups to inform the development of culturally relevant chronic disease identification and management programmes.
Optimising single‐visit disinfection with supplementary approaches: A quest for predictability
Authors: Siqueira Jr José F. , Rôças Isabela N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReduction of the bacterial populations to levels compatible with periradicular tissue healing is the primary microbiological goal of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. New systems and substances have been proposed to improve root canal disinfection either by replacing conventional chemomechanical procedures or by supplementing their effects. This review focuses on supplementary approaches for optimised single‐visit disinfection (OSD). The main OSD strategies reviewed include: final rinse with chlorhexidine, MTAD or iodine potassium iodide; sonic or ultrasonic activation of NaOCl; and photodynamic therapy. It is concluded that some OSD approaches may have the potential to improve disinfection in a single visit, but most of the results so far represent low‐level evidence. There is no consistent clinical evidence showing that any of these OSD approaches can predictably reduce the bacterial bioburden in infected root canals to levels significantly below that achieved by chemomechanical procedures and to the point of eliminating the need for an antimicrobial inter‐appointment medication. Therefore, while expediting disinfection is a goal that has been pursued, there is a need for the currently proposed protocols to be consistently evaluated for clinical effectiveness or new ones to be devised and tested before OSD is considered a predictable approach.
Association of X‐prolyl aminopeptidase 1 rs17095355 polymorphism with biliary atresia in Thai children
Authors: Kaewkiattiyot Sarannut , Honsawek Sittisak , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Chongsrisawat Voranush , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  To investigate XPNPEP1 rs17095355 polymorphism in biliary atresia (BA) patients and to determine whether there is an association between XPNPEP1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to BA in a Thai population.Methods:  A total of 124 cases of BA and 114 controls were genotyped for XPNPEP1 rs17095355 polymorphism. The XPNPEP1 rs17095355 C/T genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were established by directed counting from the sequences.Results:  Genotype distributions for the XPNPEP1 rs17095355 polymorphism tested were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for both control and study groups. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphism between controls and Thai children with BA. Genotype frequencies of rs17095355 of T/T in BA were higher than those of controls (34.68% and 16.67%, P < 0.002). Also, the T allele frequencies of BA were higher than those of controls (56.85% and 42.98%, P < 0.003).Conclusion:  The association between XPNPEP1 rs17095355 polymorphism and BA has been demonstrated, particularly with the T allele. We hypothesize that the XPNPEP1 rs17095355 polymorphism confers increased susceptibility to the disease.
Co‐witness information influences whether a witness is likely to choose from a lineup
Authors: Levett Lora M. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Much crime is witnessed by more than one eyewitness, and witnesses may learn information about other witness's decisions throughout the identification and trial process. The objective of this paper was to investigate whether hearing about a co‐witness's type of lineup decision and subsequent confidence level affects another witness's type of lineup choice.Methods. A total of 304 undergraduate students watched a crime video with a confederate co‐witness. After the video, the witnesses completed an identification task. Prior to completing the task, the participant learned that the confederate co‐witness either chose from or rejected the lineup and was subsequently confident or not confident in that decision (or heard no co‐witness information). Participants completed the identification task using either a target present (TP) or target absent (TA) lineup.Results. Overall, those who heard the co‐witness chose from the lineup were more likely to choose from the lineup than those who heard no co‐witness information or who heard the co‐witness rejected the lineup. In addition, witnesses who chose from the lineup and heard the co‐witness chose from or rejected the lineup expressed more confidence in that choice if the co‐witness was more confident versus if the co‐witness was less confident.Conclusions. In cases of multiple witnesses, identification decisions may not be independent pieces of evidence. Therefore, it is important that police separate co‐witnesses throughout the identification process.
Reversing Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics by Phage-Mediated Delivery of Dominant Sensitive Genes
Authors: Edgar Rotem , Friedman Nir , Molshanski-Mor Shahar , Qimron Udi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Pathogen resistance to antibiotics is a rapidly growing problem, leading to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Unfortunately, development of new antibiotics faces numerous obstacles, and a method that resensitizes pathogens to approved antibiotics therefore holds key advantages. We present a proof of principle for a system that restores antibiotic efficiency by reversing pathogen resistance. This system uses temperate phages to introduce, by lysogenization, the genes
rpsL
and
gyrA
conferring sensitivity in a dominant fashion to two antibiotics, streptomycin and nalidixic acid, respectively. Unique selective pressure is generated to enrich for bacteria that harbor the phages carrying the sensitizing constructs. This selection pressure is based on a toxic compound, tellurite, and therefore does not forfeit any antibiotic for the sensitization procedure. We further demonstrate a possible way of reducing undesirable recombination events by synthesizing dominant sensitive genes with major barriers to homologous recombination. Such synthesis does not significantly reduce the gene's sensitization ability. Unlike conventional bacteriophage therapy, the system does not rely on the phage's ability to kill pathogens in the infected host, but instead, on its ability to deliver genetic constructs into the bacteria and thus render them sensitive to antibiotics prior to host infection. We believe that transfer of the sensitizing cassette by the constructed phage will significantly enrich for antibiotic-treatable pathogens on hospital surfaces. Broad usage of the proposed system, in contrast to antibiotics and phage therapy, will potentially change the nature of nosocomial infections toward being more susceptible to antibiotics rather than more resistant.
Modified
mariner
Transposons for Random Inducible-Expression Insertions and Transcriptional Reporter Fusion Insertions in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Pozsgai Eric R. , Blair Kris M. , Kearns Daniel B. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Transposons are mobile genetic elements bounded by insertion sequences that are recognized by a specific mobilizing transposase enzyme. The transposase may mobilize not only the insertion sequences but also intervening DNA.
mariner
is a particularly efficient transposon for the random chromosomal integration of genes and insertional mutagenesis. Here, we modify an existing
mariner
transposon, TnYLB, such that it can easily be genetically manipulated and introduced into
Bacillus subtilis
. We generate a series of three new
mariner
derivatives that mobilize spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin antibiotic resistance cassettes. Furthermore, we generate a series of transposons with a strong, outward-oriented, optionally isopropyl-β-
d
-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter for the random overexpression of neighboring genes and a series of transposons with a promoterless
lacZ
gene for the random generation of transcriptional reporter fusions. We note that the modification of the base transposon is not restricted to
B. subtilis
and should be applicable to any
mariner
-compatible host organism, provided that
in vitro
mutagenesis or an
in vivo
species-specific delivery vector is employed.
Microsporidial Keratitis in Patients with Hot Springs Exposure
Authors: Fan Nai-Wen , Wu Chih-Chiau , Chen Te-Li , Yu Wei-Kuang , Chen Chien-Pei , Lee Shui-Mei , Lin Pei-Yu 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

This retrospective study included 10 eyes of 9 patients diagnosed with microsporidial keratitis. All of them were known to contract this disease after taking baths in hot springs. The disease was diagnosed based on detecting microsporidia in corneal scrapings using Gram stain and the modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain. The specimens from the last six patients were subjected to PCR and then sequencing. All of them revealed that the microorganism identified has a high similarity to
Vittaforma corneae
. Repeated debridement of the epithelial lesions successfully eradicated the microsporidial infection in all nine patients.
Leishmania (Viannia) Species Identification on Clinical Samples from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients in Peru: Assessment of a Molecular Stepwise Approach
Authors: Veland Nicolas , Boggild Andrea K. , Valencia Cristian , Valencia Braulio M. , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Van der Auwera Gert , Dujardin Jean-Claude , Arevalo Jorge 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We present an algorithm based on three PCR assays for
Leishmania
(
Viannia
) species identification and assessed its performance using 70 specimens from Peruvian patients. The succession of the assayed targets can be ordered according to species prevalence. Sequential progression through the algorithm reduced the number of samples here studied by approximately 30% after each step.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in a Country with Low Tuberculosis Incidence: Role of Immigration and HIV Infection
Authors: Fenner Lukas , Gagneux Sebastien , Helbling Peter , Battegay Manuel , Rieder Hans L. , Pfyffer Gaby E. , Zwahlen Marcel , Furrer Hansjakob , Siegrist Hans H. , Fehr Jan , Dolina Marisa , Calmy Alexandra , Stucki David , Jaton Katia , Janssens Jean-Paul , Stalder Jesica Mazza , Bodmer Thomas , Ninet Beatrice , Böttger Erik C. , Egger Matthias , Barth J. , Battegay M. , Bernasconi E. , Böni J. , Bucher H. C. , Burton-Jeangros A. Calmy , Cavassini M. , Cellerai C. , Egger M. , Elzi L. , Fehr J. , Fellay J. , Flepp M. , Francioli P. , Furrer H. , Fux C. A. , Gorgievski M. , Günthard H. , Haerry D. , Hasse B. , Hirschel B. , Hirsch H. H. , Hirschel B. , Hoffmann M. , Hösli I. , Kahlert C. , Kaiser L. , Kaiser O. , Kind C. , Klimkait T. , Kovari H. , Ledergerber B. , Lugano A. P. , Martinetti G. , Martinez de Tejada B. , Metzner K. , Müller N. , Nadal D. , Pantaleo G. , Rauch A. , Regenass S. , Rickenbach M. , Rudin C. , Schmid P. , Schultze D. , Schöni-Affolter F. , Schüpbach J. , Speck R. , Taffé P. , Tarr P. , Telenti A. , Trkola A. , Vernazza P. , Weber R. , Yerly S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Immigrants from high-burden countries and HIV-coinfected individuals are risk groups for tuberculosis (TB) in countries with low TB incidence. Therefore, we studied their role in transmission of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Switzerland. We included all TB patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort and a sample of patients from the national TB registry. We identified molecular clusters by spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis and used weighted logistic regression adjusted for age and sex to identify risk factors for clustering, taking sampling proportions into account. In total, we analyzed 520 TB cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2008; 401 were foreign born, and 113 were HIV coinfected. The Euro-American
M. tuberculosis
lineage dominated throughout the study period (378 strains; 72.7%), with no evidence for another lineage, such as the Beijing genotype, emerging. We identified 35 molecular clusters with 90 patients, indicating recent transmission; 31 clusters involved foreign-born patients, and 15 involved HIV-infected patients. Birth origin was not associated with clustering (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 3.43;
P
= 0.25, comparing Swiss-born with foreign-born patients), but clustering was reduced in HIV-infected patients (aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.93;
P
= 0.030). Cavitary disease, male sex, and younger age were all associated with molecular clustering. In conclusion, most TB patients in Switzerland were foreign born, but transmission of
M. tuberculosis
was not more common among immigrants and was reduced in HIV-infected patients followed up in the national HIV cohort study. Continued access to health services and clinical follow-up will be essential to control TB in this population.
Molecular Characterization of Newly EmergedblaKPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore
Authors: Balm Michelle N. D. , Ngan Grace , Jureen Roland , Lin Raymond T. P. , Teo Jeanette 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn Asia,blaKPCdetection has been limited to East Asia and not yet seen in Southeast Asia. We report fourblaKPC-2-containingKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates from two different hospitals in Singapore. All isolates belonged to strain type 11 (ST11) and were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).blaKPC-2was located on nonconjugative plasmids and flanked by mobile genetic structures composed of a partial Tn4401transposon and a Tn3-based transposon which previously have been described only in Chinese isolates.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of More than One Clinical Isolate of Campylobacter spp. from Each of 49 Patients in New Zealand
Authors: Gilpin Brent , Robson Beth , Lin Susan , Scholes Paula , On Stephen 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis demonstrated that while 76% of patients had only one genotype of campylobacter, 10% carried two different but related genotypes (Dice coefficients > 0.78), and 14% carried at least two unrelated genotypes (Dice coefficients < 0.65). This supports the clustering of
Campylobacte
r isolates with similar PFGE patterns, highlights the need to analyze multiple isolates from both sources and patients, and confirms that caution should be exercised before epidemiological links between patients or sources are dismissed.
Emergence of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC-2) in South Africa
Authors: Brink Adrian J. , Coetzee Jennifer , Clay Cornelis G. , Sithole Sindi , Richards Guy A. , Poirel Laurent , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

This report documents emergence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC-2) in
K. pneumoniae
and
Enterobacter cloacae
in South Africa. NDM-1 producers have not been described in South Africa, and this is the first instance that KPC producers have been identified in Africa. The two patients infected with these carbapenemase-producing bacteria demised.
Effect of glycine on the cyclooxygenase pathway of the kidney arachidonic acid metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Pérez-Torres Israel , Ibarra Blanca , Soria-Castro Elizabeth , Torrico-Lavayen Rocío , Pavón Natalia , Diaz-Diaz Eulises , Flores Pedro L. , Infante Oscar , Baños Guadalupe 
Published: November 2011

The kidneys are organs that can be severely impaired by metabolic syndrome (MS). This is characterized by the association of various pathologies such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes. Glycine, a nonessential amino acid, is known to possess various protective effects in the kidney, such as a decrease in the deterioration of renal function and a reduction of the damage caused by hypoxia. In a rat model of MS, the effect of glycine on the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was studied in isolated perfused kidney. MS was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them a 30% sucrose solution for 16 weeks. The addition of 1% glycine to their drinking water containing 30% sucrose, for 8 weeks, reduced high blood pressure, triglyceride levels, insulin concentration, homeostatis model assessment (HOMA) index, albuminuria, AA concentration in kidney homogenate, renal perfusion pressure, prostaglandin levels, PLA2expression, and COX isoform expression, compared with MS rats that did not receive the glycine supplement. Glycine receptor expression decreased significantly with MS, but glycine treatment increased it. The results suggest that in the MS model, 1% glycine treatment protects the kidney from damage provoked by the high sucrose consumption, by acting as an anti-inflammatory on the COX pathway of AA metabolism in kidney.