bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Garments so Chequered’: the Bible of Cîteaux, the Bayeux Tapestry and the Vair Pattern
Authors: Phoenix Daniel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Bayeux Tapestry depicts three curious chequered garments. These garments are usually identified as gambesons, or some form of scaled armour. Several scholars have observed similar garments in the early twelfth-century Bible of Cîteaux. The Cîteaux garments are depicted in a pattern later used to represent fur (called ‘vair’) in heraldic art. This identification is confirmed by the pattern’s usage in cloak linings, but its simultaneous appearance as tunic material is unfamiliar in later art. The Cîteaux tunics suggest the possibility that the Bayeux garments may also have been intended to represent fur tunics. Reasons for that identification, as well as problems with the identification, are considered.
A Missing Link: a Reappraisal of the Date, Architectural Context and Significance of the Great Tower of Dudley Castle
Authors: Hislop Malcolm 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe great tower of Dudley Castle, in the West Midlands, is re-examined in order to situate it within the evolutionary sequence of great tower designs. In so doing, it is argued that the origins of its plan are to be found in the works of the early to mid-thirteenth century, and that the tower itself was probably begun during the 1260s. Furthermore, it is asserted that the tower represents a milestone in the thinking that underpinned the redevelopment of castle mottes, and that it is to be seen as the prime connection between the circle-based plans that dominated motte redevelopments in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and later developments that led, ultimately, to the radically different, but architecturally successful scheme adopted by the builder of the donjon of Warkworth Castle in Northumberland.
Mulberry fruit protects dopaminergic neurons in toxin-induced Parkinson's disease models
Authors: Kim Hyo Geun , Ju Mi Sun , Shim Jin Sup , Kim Min Cheol , Lee Sang-Hun , Huh Youngbuhm , Kim Sun Yeou , Oh Myung Sook 
Published: February 2010

Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to the striatum (ST), and involves oxidative stress. Mulberry fruit fromMorus albaL. (Moraceae) is commonly eaten, and has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. It contains well-known antioxidant agents such as anthocyanins. The present study examined the protective effects of 70 % ethanol extract of mulberry fruit (ME) against neurotoxicity inin vitroandin vivoPD models. In SH-SY5Y cells stressed with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), ME significantly protected the cells from neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Other assays demonstrated that the protective effect of ME was mediated by its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, regulating reactive oxygen species and NO generation, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and caspase-3 activation. In mesencephalic primary cells stressed with 6-OHDA or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), pre-treatment with ME also protected dopamine neurons, showing a wide range of effective concentrations in MPP+-induced toxicity. In the sub-acute mouse PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), ME showed a preventative effect against PD-like symptoms (bradykinesia) in the behavioural test and prevented MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage in an immunocytochemical analysis of the SNpc and ST. These results indicate that ME has neuroprotective effects inin vitroandin vivoPD models, and that it may be useful in preventing or treating PD.
On ion-dust streaming instability in a collisional magnetized plasma with warm dust
Authors: ROSENBERG M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis brief communication discusses theoretically a resistive ion-dust streaming instability in a collisional dusty plasma, where the ions and electrons are magnetized, and the dust is unmagnetized. The instability is driven by ions streaming along the magnetic field. The emphasis is on the case where the dust has large thermal speed, and where the ion drift speed is ≲ the ion thermal speed. Application to possible laboratory experimental parameters is considered.
‘As far as 90 north’: Joseph Elzéar Bernier's 1907 and 1909 sovereignty claims
Authors: Cavell Janice 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTJoseph Elzéar Bernier's well known sector claim of 1 July 1909 was predated by a similar, but until now unknown, proclamation in 1907. Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier, although eager to assert Canadian sovereignty, was unwilling to countenance the first claim because he did not think that the right time for such a gesture had yet come. However, in 1909 Bernier's action was welcomed, but only as a convenient way to counter the widely publicised American claim made by Robert Peary. In the eyes of government officials, neither of Bernier's proclamations held any real importance for Canada's northern sovereignty which rested primarily on the 1880 transfer of ownership from Britain. Bernier believed that his achievements had never been sufficiently recognised, but in fact the problem was that he himself overrated their significance.
Modal and mixed specifications: key decision problems and their complexities
Authors: ANTONIK ADAM , HUTH MICHAEL , LARSEN KIM G. , NYMAN ULRIK , WĄSOWSKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: February 2010

Modal and mixed transition systems are specification formalisms that allow the mixing of over- and under-approximation. We discuss three fundamental decision problems for such specifications:
—whether a set of specifications has a common implementation;—whether an individual specification has an implementation; and—whether all implementations of an individual specification are implementations of another one.
For each of these decision problems we investigate the worst-case computational complexity for the modal and mixed cases. We show that the first decision problem is EXPTIME-complete for both modal and mixed specifications. We prove that the second decision problem is EXPTIME-complete for mixed specifications (it is known to be trivial for modal ones). The third decision problem is also shown to be EXPTIME-complete for mixed specifications.
Managing correlated stock externalities: water taxes with a pinch of salt
Authors: LEGRAS SOPHIE 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the design of corrective taxation schemes to manage multiple, interacting stocks. In the setting of irrigation-induced salinity, a collective groundwater stock aliments a set of individual rootzone salt stocks. It is shown that the policy maker does not need to base the tax rule on the individual salt stocks. Indeed, taxes based on the level of input and on the collective stock induce the agents to achieve the socially optimal irrigation path. An even simpler instrument is sufficient if the policy-maker's goal is to reach optimality at the steady state only.
Valuing irrigation water using a choice experiment: an ‘individual status quo’ modelling of farm specific water scarcity
Authors: BARTON DAVID N. , BERGLAND OLVAR 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWe use a choice experiment to evaluate a hypothetical irrigation water pricing regime in Karnataka State, India. The proposed regime includes increasing the availability of water in the dry season, increasing irrigation frequency, water sharing with downstream water users, set against the introduction of a semi-volumetric irrigation price. The majority of farmers chose the status quo (SQ) option. Given the large heterogeneity in farmers’ SQ water availability, irrigation practices and current water tax payments, the SQ could not be given a unique baseline interpretation. This poses a potential problem for choice model estimation. By coding the individual SQ situation of farmers, we observed considerable increase in the explanatory power of the choice experiment models. The results may be of general interest for choice experiments of environmental goods and services with heterogeneous spatial distribution, heterogeneous respondents and/or contentious policies that are expected to elicit considerable SQ response.
Irrigation water demand and implications for water pricing policy in rural China
Authors: HUANG QIUQIONG , ROZELLE SCOTT , HOWITT RICHARD , WANG JINXIA , HUANG JIKUN 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper is to analyze whether reforming groundwater pricing has the potential to encourage water conservation and assess its impacts on crop production and producer income in rural China. Household-level water demands are estimated so that adjustments at both the intensive and extensive margins are captured. The results show that a large gap exists between the cost of water and the value of water to producers. Simulation analysis shows that reforming water pricing can induce water savings. However, the price of water needs to be raised to a relatively high level. We also find that the value-based policy is more effective than the cost-based policy since it generates larger water savings, given the same increase in the average price of water. While raising the price of water negatively affects crop production and crop income, higher water prices do not adversely affect the distribution of household income.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Networks in Interconnects by Electron Tomography without Missing Wedge Artifacts
Authors: Ke Xiaoxing , Bals Sara , Cott Daire , Hantschel Thomas , Bender Hugo , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called “missing wedge” is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies.
Imaging Resin-Cast Osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular System at Bone-Bioactive Glass Interface by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe morphology of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system at the bone-biomaterial implant-interface has not been fully investigated. In this study, the resin-cast scanning electron microscopy technique was used, for the first time, to image the lacuno-canalicular network within neoformed bone around bioactive glass (BG) particles implanted in rat tibia bone marrow. The most salient finding was that the osteocyte canaliculi pass through the calcium-phosphorus layer formed at the bone-BG interface and reach the silica-rich layer of the reacted BG.
Therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy after surgery in patients with T1–T2 breast tumour
Authors: Yadav Budhi S. , Sharma Suresh C. , Patel Firuza D. , Bose S.M. , Ghoshal Sushmita , Kapoor Rakesh K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose: To look for the therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy after surgery in patients with T1–T2 breast tumour.Methodology: From 1990 to 2000, 915 patients with T1–T2 breast tumour who underwent mastectomy or conservative breast surgery (CBS) with or without radiotherapy were analysed retrospectively for age, disease stage, radiation therapy technique, dose, the use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy and other clinical and/or pathologic characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and overall survival (OS). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine significant prognostic factors affecting LRRFS and OS.Results: At a median follow up of 74 months, LRR rate was 5.3% and distant metastases rate was 19%. Disease-free survival (DFS) and OS at 10 year was 72% and 76%, respectively. LRR in patients with CBS followed with radiation was 3% as compared to 33% without radiation. LRR in patients with post-mastectomy radiation was 3% as compared to 19% without radiation. In patients with N0 nodes, LRR was 4% with radiation and 20% without radiation. Worst case was in patients with CBS-N0 who were not given radiation. LRR in such patients was 32% as compared to 5% in those who were given radiation post-CBS. In patients with mastectomy with N0 status, LRR was 3% with radiation as compared to 18% with out radiation. On univariate analysis factors affecting LRRFS were type of surgery, nodal involvement, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Factors affecting OS were nodal involvement, grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), extracapsular extension (ECE), chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On multivariate analysis factors affecting LRRFS were type of surgery, nodal involvement, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Factors affecting OS were nodal involvement, LVI, DCIS, ECE, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusion: Radiation use offered a therapeutic advantage for all patients with T1–T2 breast cancer.
Citizens' Satisfaction with Government Performance in Six Asian-Pacific Giants
Authors: WANG ZHENGXU 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAssessment of the quality of governance has so far relied on socioeconomic statistics and expert opinions, while largely neglecting citizens’ perceptions. Using AsiaBarometer 2008 data, this paper examines the factors affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their government in six Asian-Pacific countries: America, Australia, China, India, Japan, and Russia. I found citizen satisfaction with the public services they receive, such as education, healthcare, and public safety, matters most in their assessment of government performance. Individual satisfaction with income, job, and housing also matters. The respondent will disapprove government performance if he or she thinks corruption is serious in government, or elected officials stop caring about citizens once voting is finished. In terms of macro variables, economic condition of a country seems to matters significantly. Especially, if a country's economy is growing fast, citizens are much more likely to be satisfied with government performance. Large within-country variations exist in countries such as China and India, where citizens of different cities or regions may give rather different assessments of government, suggesting many contextual variables not captured by this study. Lastly, citizens’ satisfaction with government performance seems to be highly divergent from international organizations’ evaluation of governance quality, such as the World Bank Governance Index. This raises both methodological and normative issues regarding the proper approaches to measuring good governance.
Helioseismic inferences
Authors: Shibahashi Hiromoto 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe brilliant outcome of some 30 years of helioseismology spreads over a wide range of topics. Some highlights relevant to the cause of the solar activity cycle are listed up. The rotation profile in the solar convective zone is discussed as an important source of the dynamo mechanism. The kinematic dynamo model is described in the linear approximation, and the condition for the solar type dynamo is derived. It is shown that comparison of this condition with the rotation profile determined from helioseismology is useful to identify the possible seats of the dynamo.
A solar cycle lengthwise series of solar diameter measurements
Authors: Penna J. L. , Andrei A. H. , Boscardin S. C. , Neto E. Reis , d'Ávila V. A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe measurements of the solar photospheric diameter rank among the most difficult astronomic observations. Reasons for this are the fuzzy definition of the limb, the SNR excess, and the adverse daytime seeing condition. As a consequence there are very few lengthy and consistent time series of such measurements. Using modern techniques, just the series from the IAG/USP and from Calern/OCA span more than one solar cycle. The Rio de Janeiro Group observations started in 1997, and therefore in 2008 one complete solar cycle time span can be analyzed. The series shares common principles of observation and analysis with the ones afore mentioned, and it is complementary on time to them. The distinctive features are the larger number of individual points and the improved precision. The series contains about 25,000 single observations, evenly distributed on a day-by-day basis. The typical error of a single observation is half an arc-second, enabling us to investigate variations at the expected level of tens of arc-second on a weekly basis. These features prompted to develop a new methodology for the investigation of the heliophysical scenarios leading to the observed variations, both on time and on heliolatitude. The algorithms rely on running averages and time shifts to derive the correlation and statistical incertitude for the comparison of the long term and major episodes variations of the solar diameter against activity markers. The results bring support to the correlation between the diameter variation and the solar activity, but evidentiating two different regimens for the long term trend and the major solar events.
Sounding stellar cycles with Kepler – preliminary results from ground-based chromospheric activity measurements
Authors: Karoff C. , Metcalfe T. S. , Chaplin W. J. , Frandsen S. , Grundahl F. , Kjeldsen H. , Buzasi D. , Arentoft T. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDue to its unique long-term coverage and high photometric precision, observations from the Kepler asteroseismic investigation will provide us with the possibility to sound stellar cycles in a number of solar-type stars with asteroseismology. By comparing these measurements with conventional ground-based chromospheric activity measurements we might be able to increase our understanding of the relation between the chromospheric changes and the changes in the eigenmodes.In parallel with the Kepler observations we have therefore started a programme at the Nordic Optical Telescope to observe and monitor chromospheric activity in the stars that are most likely to be selected for observations for the whole satellite mission. The ground-based observations presented here can be used both to guide the selection of the special Kepler targets and as the first step in a monitoring programme for stellar cycles. Also, the chromospheric activity measurements obtained from the ground-based observations can be compared with stellar parameters such as ages and rotation in order to improve stellar evolution models.
A comparison of measured and simulated solar network contrast
Authors: Afram N. , Unruh Y. C. , Solanki S. K. , Schüssler M. , Mathew S. K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLong-term trends in the solar spectral irradiance are important to determine the impact on Earth's climate. These long-term changes are thought to be caused mainly by changes in the surface area covered by small-scale magnetic elements. The direct measurement of the contrast to determine the impact of these small-scale magnetic elements is, however, limited to a few wavelengths, and is, even for space instruments, affected by scattered light and instrument defocus. In this work we calculate emergent intensities from 3-D simulations of solar magneto-convection and validate the outcome by comparing with observations from Hinode/SOT. In this manner we aim to construct the contrast at wavelengths ranging from the NUV to the FIR.
Semi-harmonic and intermittent solar decimetric spikes
Authors: Fernandes Francisco C. R. , Bolzan Maurício J. A. , Rosa Reinaldo R. , Dutra José A. S. S. , Cecatto José R. , Mészárosová Hana , Sawant Hanumant S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present the analysis of the narrowband solar radio spike emissions observed by the Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) on 24 June, 1999, at 16:53:55–16:56:48 UT. The data were recorded with temporal resolution of 50 ms and frequency resolution of 5 MHz. The dynamic spectra of clusters of spikes were recorded in 100 channels in the 1.2-1.7 GHz frequency band. The groups of radio spikes observed clearly show spectral semi-harmonic structures and an intermittent temporal patter. The observational parameters were determined from the dynamic spectra analysis. The wavelet analysis technique able us to determine the temporal cadence for the clusters. The frequency ratio between two clusters of spikes recorded at same time were inferred. The preliminary results show average cadence of clusters of spikes occurrence of about 32 seconds and a semi-harmonic average frequency ratio of the order of 1:1.2.
The periodic variation of 6.7 days for total solar radiation
Authors: Gan W. Q. , Li Y. P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAnalyzing the power spectrum of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) for the period from 2003 February 25 to 2009 July 6, observed with the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) onboard SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE), we found that there are quite a number of periodic variations. The outstanding shortest one is the period of 6.7 days, about one fourth of the period of solar rotation. Checking the solar magnetic field for the same period of time observed with MDI onboard SOHO, we found that there is about 90 degree difference in longitude for the distribution of solar magnetic field. We therefore conclude that both the 90 degree difference in longitude for the distribution of solar magnetic field and the solar rotation are the reason resulting in the periodic variation of 6.7 days for the total solar radiation.
Looking for variable stars in galactic open clusters
Authors: Greco Claudia , Mowlavi Nami , Eyer Laurent , Spano Maxime , Varadi Mihaly , Burki Gilbert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA long-term project, aiming at systematic search for variable stars in Galactic Open Clusters (OCs), was started at the Geneva Observatory in 2002. We have been observing regularly a sample of twenty-seven Galactic Open Clusters in the U, B, V Geneva filters (hereafter U, B, V). The goal is to identify and to study their variable stars, as well as the connection between the variable stars in a cluster and the cluster properties. We present the status of this work in progress, and show preliminary results for one of these clusters, IC 4651.
Doppler imaging of the active star PW And
Authors: Gu Sheng-hong , Cameron Andrew Collier , Kim Kang Min 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present spot activity of the K2V pre-main-sequence star PW And based on the high-resolution spectroscopic data obtained at Xinglong station and BOAO in 2005 November and December. Using the Least-Squares Deconvolution method, we have derived time series of composite profiles of PW And with high signal to noise ratio. These have been used to reconstruct its starspot pattern via the Doppler imaging method. The result shows that intermediate to high-latitude spots are the dominant features and weak low-latitude spots also appear. Comparing Doppler images from two data subsets, it can be found that almost no difference between two images exists except the small position evolution of weak low-latitude spots, which suggests that the intermediate to high-latitude spots have longer lifetimes than one month, and the low-latitude spots have shorter lifetimes.