bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of GSMap (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) with the reference to rain gauge observations in Banjarbaru City, Indonesia
Authors: Helda N , Nashrullah E , Wijayanto M R , Noralamsyah M , Jannah N , Erisa E , Saputri D S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Climate change as one of the essential impacts of global warming in the last few decades, has resulted many disasters in different ways, i.e., floods and landslides, as the effect of extreme rainfall events. At the end of February 2023, a severe flood event occurred in Banjarbaru City, resulted an inundation in many areas. A flood control system is recommended to face this problem. In this research, the flood control presented is a non-structural method by analyzing rainfall data based on field data and GSMaP satellite-based rainfall data. This research aims to determine the type of correlation coefficient relationship between BMKG data and GSMaP satellite-based rainfall data. The data collection includes primary data in the form of field surveys to identify rain events and secondary data obtained from GSMap satellite-based rainfall data and field rainfall data obtained from BMKG online. The Melchior design flood calculation method is used for calculating a flood-designed discharge. The results show that GSMaP data have significant values that correlate to rain gauge observations from BMKG stations in Banjarbaru City. An enough to high correlations values indicate that this GSMaP can be used as an alternative source of rainfall data for hydrological analysis, in particular to ungauged basin.
Domestic Water Consumption Behaviour Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Karang Pawitan District
Authors: Yustiana F , Adi A W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Corona virus was out breaking globally in 2020. It leads governments to impose a lockdown that restricted people contact outside their home, so everyone works, study and more activity at home. It may increase in spending food and freshwater. Lockdown has been made significant changes in behaviour and attitudes of domestic water consumption. The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown and health protocol on domestic water consumption behaviour during pandemic by comparing it before pandemic. The research conducted by survey, interview and statistical analysis. Survey done by asks online questionnaire that consist a set questions of water consumption behaviour. Data are analysed by using likert scale. The behaviour of water consumption will be described by performance level and importance level. The results of the Likert scale analysis are plotted in a Cartesian Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) diagram. Research shows that respondents consume water efficiently in many domestic activities. The average score of the performance level is greater than the importance level, both in pre and during the pandemic. Respondents consume water more often during this pandemic than before, such as 2.76 for performance level during pandemic and 2.59 for performance level before pandemic.
Evaluation and Correction of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products (GPM) in the Upstream Part of Bengawan Solo Basin using MCCV Parameterization
Authors: Sanjaya S , Yudianto D , Fitriana F , Rusli S R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In conservative manner, water managers utilize ground station dataset for hydrology analysis. Due to spatially sparse and unreliable precipitation gauges, many have shifted to the application of remote sensing products or satellite-based precipitation products (SBPPs). One of few notable SBPPs is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), which has shown excellent performances. Despite its significant progress, systematic biases are inevitable in the process of recording precipitation. Consequently, a simple yet effective correction process is necessary to be carried out prior to SBPPs’ wide applications. This study proposes a non-complex transformation using Monte Carlo-Cross Validation (MCCV) for its function parameterization. The rainfall products in focus are the monthly GPM 3IMERGDF V06 in the Upper Bengawan Solo Basin, in Central Java. Evaluation using several statistical functions demonstrate that the GPM IMERG is capable in capturing the monthly rainfall, supporting by the mean correlation of 0,76. After the correction process, the GPM IMERG slightly improves its performance, indicated by the reduced error of approximately 16%. This correction procedure also allows for correction of the monthly rainfall overestimation, particularly those exceeding 600 mm/month.
Dominant conservation parameters to control environmental destruction of oxbow lake in Kapuas River Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Herawati H , Kartini  , Yulianto E , Lestyowati Y , Juliastuti  , Ariva D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Global climate change has significantly impacted the ecosystem of a specific aquatic region, including its lake area. Lakes provide immense benefits in efforts to meet various needs and enhance community well-being. These include the provision of raw water for clean drinking, household and urban water supply, industry, supplemental irrigation for agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and various other purposes. However, fluctuations in river water availability trigger adjustments in both the river flow patterns and their inherent characteristics. These modifications in land features and ecosystems have consequently brought the morphological transformations in rivers throughout the adjacent region. The characteristics and functions of oxbow lakes must be preserved, and conservation efforts must be undertaken. To maintain their functionality, it is essential to conduct a study to determine the dominant parameters that influence the characteristics of oxbow lakes. This study aims to identify the primary parameters for conservation efforts in oxbow lakes. Based on a field survey of physical conditions, most oxbow lakes exhibit suboptimal conditions, as nearly all water storage areas are already overgrown with wild vegetation and possess high sediment levels. It is essential to continuously monitor several parameters to maintain the performance of oxbow lakes. The results of this research show that the dominant parameters for the oxbow lake in west Kalimantan are divided into 3 (three) aspects: reservoir, oxbow lake embankment structure, and oxbow lake embankment crest.
Flood Analysis on Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi
Authors: Cahyono C , Juliastuti  , Setyandito O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tempe Lake is one of the largest lakes in Wajo, Sopen, and Siddenreng Rappang in southern Sulawesi. Lake Tempe is the reservoir of his five major rivers: Bilokka, Lidaratangu, Masaka, Siddenreng, Bira and Walane. The lake offers many benefits to the community such as securing water resources, flood control, agriculture, fishing, and tourism. However, approximately 20–40 cm of silt is produced annually. This can cause flooding in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the restoration of Lake Tempe is necessary to mitigate flooding caused by continuous sedimentation. The Department of Public Works and Housing has developed a phased dredging plan to improve the capacity of Lake Tempe. Later, as no disposal sites were available, dredged materials were used to build several artificial islands along the perimeter of the lake. After the reconstruction project was completed, two major floods occurred, overtopping embankments. Therefore, the design analysis of embankments is required. Analysis indicates that two flood events occur, with a 20-year return period flood and a 50-year return period flood at elevations of 8.36 m and 9.2 m. From hydraulic analysis it is found that flood embankment height of 10 m is overtopped by water level of total 9.56 m and 10.4 m respectively because of wave run up. For a 20-year return period, there is an indication that slope stability and settlement problems affect flood events. It can be concluded that flood problems occur because of extreme events and the failure of flood embankments due to overtopping.
Microhydro Model of Waterfalls
Authors: Nurdiyanto  , Atmadja I S W , Qira’ati M , Rohman F , Hepy F M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research was carried out by Lecturers Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon and in partnership with the Cimanuk Cisanggarung River Area Center, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing the Republic of Indonesia and the Kertawirama Village Government, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The aim of this research is to create a microhydro model of a waterfall that will produce renewable electrical energy in branching irrigation channels and calculate the water discharge. The method used is carrying out surveys, making tools and microhydro analysis. The tool model making was carried out in the Indonesian Cihanjuang Microhydro laboratory with a TC 60 type microhydro model. The results of this research were to make a TC 60 microhydro model which was installed in a waterfall channel at the irrigation water branch. The results of the research produce: the amount of discharge in the waterfall channel is 1.50 m3/s, the amount of discharge entering the turbine is 0.012 m3/s, the difference in height of the falling water is 4 m, the amount of turbine input power is 572 watts and the output power turbine is 477 watts.
Comparison of Various Rainfall Erosivity Formulas in the Application of USLE for Erosion Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Yunita F T , Soekarno I , Nugroho J , Samskerta I P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Erosion is a complex process that results in the movement of soil particles from one place to another through a series of processes of detachment, entrainment, transport, and deposition. Erosion can cause serious environmental problems, such as loss of soil fertility, and sedimentation of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Therefore, it is important to identify and mitigate erosion problems in the management of a watershed. The erosion prediction model that is popularly used, especially in Indonesia, is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). One of the parameters in the USLE formula is the rainfall erosivity factor (R). Many formulas have been developed to calculate the R-factor. However, not all formulas are suitable for application in Indonesia. In this study, a comparison of several R formulas from various countries in the Asia Region was carried out. From the results of the comparison, it was found that for Riam Kanan Sub-watershed, the appropriate formula for rainfall erosivity is the Merritt et al. (2003) formula, while for Brantas Sub-watershed erosivity formulas from Utomo (1994) and Babu et al. (2004) is the most suitable. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in determining the appropriate rainfall erosivity formula (R) for a particular case.
Development and Field Testing of the Technical Implementation Unit for Lowland Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR BTR) for Water Level Measurement in Jejangkit Lowland Irrigation Area, South Kalimantan
Authors: Romorajausia  , Noegroho N P , Dhiaksa A , Fahlefi R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Observation of water levels using tide gauge is typically conducted by designated personnel or observers. However, its on-field implementation is deemed to be less effective due to the relatively low accuracy of readings. Additionally, hourly water level readings are necessary to generate detailed tidal patterns. Hence, Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) plays a crucial role as an alternative to tide gauge. The utilization of AWLR is considered more practical, yielding more accurate reading data. Furthermore, readings can be conducted continuously, ensuring data acquisition in all conditions. The development of the AWLR BTR system involved literature reviews, software development, hardware assembly, device testing, field trials, and data comparison with the Valeport Tide Gauge. Field trials were conducted at DIR Jejangkit, South Kalimantan. The conducted trials involved operating the AWLR BTR and comparing it with the Valeport AWLR data for validation. Through calculations, the comparison of data between AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport demonstrates similar water level values, where the average value from AWLR BTR data is 39,69 and Valeport is 39,55. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the water levels of AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport is found to be 0,9976, indicating a strong positive correlation between these two data variables.
Tripartite entanglement in a detuned non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Guo Jun , Tian Jianfeng , Sun Hengxin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Continuous variable multipartite entanglement is an important resource in quantum optics and quantum information. Non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO), generally working in a resonant regime, can generate high quality tripartite entanglement. However, the detuning in a real experiment is inevitable and sometimes necessary, for instance, in an optomechanical system. We calculate the tripartite entanglement from a detuned triply quasi-resonant NOPO. Unlike the previous literature using inseparability criterion, we use the positivity of partial transpose, a sufficient and necessary criterion, to characterize the tripartite entanglement with full inseparability generated from a detuned NOPO. We also consider the influence of the pump and signal/idler losses on the tripartite entanglement. The results show that, the tripartite entanglement could exist even with a large detuning of several times cavity linewidth, and may be better for a detuned regime than for the resonant one under some conditions. With a fixed non-zero loss which always exists in a real experiment, an appropriate value of non-zero detuning could lead to the best entanglement. What’s more, unlike the bipartite entanglement, which exists both below and above threshold, the tripartite entanglement only occurs for a nonzero classical amplitude of signal/idler field. The jumping between the tripartite and bipartite entanglement could make the NOPO become a quantum state switch element, which promises a potential application on the multiparty quantum secret sharing.
Optimization of contrast and dose in x-ray phase-contrast tomography with a Talbot-Lau interferometer
Authors: Mäkinen Henrik , Suhonen Heikki , Siiskonen Teemu , David Christian , Huotari Simo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast imaging has become a valuable tool for biomedical research due to its improved contrast abilities over regular attenuation-based imaging. The recently emerged Talbot-Lau interferometer can provide quantitative attenuation, phase-contrast and dark-field image data, even with low-brilliance x-ray tube sources. Thus, it has become a valid option for clinical environments. In this study, we analyze the effects of x-ray tube voltage and total number of images on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and dose-weighted CNR (CNRD) calculated from tomographic transmission and phase-contrast data of a phantom sample. Constant counting statistics regardless of the voltage was ensured by adjusting the image exposure time for each voltage setting. The results indicate that the x-ray tube voltage has a clear effect on both image contrast and noise. This effect is amplified in the case of phase-contrast images, which is explained by the polychromatic x-ray spectrum and the dependence of interferometer visibility on the spectrum. CNRD is additionally affected by the total imaging time. While submerging the sample into a water container effectively reduces image artefacts and improves the CNR, the additional attenuation of the water must be compensated with a longer exposure time. This reduces dose efficiency. Both the CNR and CNRD are higher in the phase-contrast images compared to transmission images. For transmission images, and phase-contrast images without the water container, CNRD can be increased by using higher tube voltages (in combination with a lower exposure time). For phase-contrast images with the water container, CNRD is increased with lower tube voltages. In general, the CNRD does not strongly depend on the number of tomographic angles or phase steps used.
Contrasting temporal trends in low-level clouds and mid- and high-level clouds over the Indian Ocean in the last four decades (1979–2018)
Authors: Moher Jaswant , Dutta Soumi , Pant Vimlesh , Dey Sagnik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Understanding the climatic trends in cloud fraction (f

c
) and its drivers is critical in climate science. Here, we analyzed 40 years (1979–2018) of hourly f

c
data at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial scale from ERA5 to examine the trends in the 3D distribution of f

c
over the oceanic region adjacent to the Indian Subcontinent in view of its drivers. We found that the mid-level f

c
(MCF) and high-level f

c
(HCF) have increased by 0.05 and 0.05–0.12 fraction in the last four decades in this region. On the contrary, the low-level f

c
(LCF) decreased by 0.04 fraction, resulting in a net marginal increase in total f

c
. The observed contrasting trends in LCF, MCF and HCF are manifestations of the changes in sea surface temperature and meteorological conditions. Although LCF showed a regionally averaged declining trend, it has increased over the south-southwestern part of the domain. The increasing trend of MCF and HCF can be attributed to the increase in natural convection due to surface warming. Our results suggest that the observed contrasting trends might have resulted in positive radiative feedback on the Indian Ocean warming.
Secure and portable health monitoring system for cyber physical systems in internet of things
Authors: Sarkar Ankita , Jhamb Mansi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into healthcare has introduced vulnerabilities within medical devices, thereby posing noteworthy risks to both patient safety and the inclusive integrity of healthcare systems. This contribution addresses the security concern of health care monitoring system. The STM32BL-475E IoT node along with its sensors provides a greener way to monitor health remotely with data privacy, along with this many such applications can be containerized to enable multiuser application in virtual set up. This paper proposes a methodology of dynamic key generation highlighting the potential for transformative healthcare advancements. The proposed work provides an improved avalanche effect of 51.6%, minimal RAM utilization of 3.49% and a randomness of 2^128 times which is very unpredictable to detect. This paper aims to integrate these technologies to create a resilient health monitoring framework with greater data indemnity. The integration of artificial intelligence with the proposed design is reserved as future work.
Investigation of the effect of antioxidant on carbon deposition of compression ignition engine for carbon emissions reduction
Authors: Bhangwar Sajjad , Luhur Ramzan , Memon Liaquat Ali , Kumar Laveet , EL Haj Assad Mamdouh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to assess carbon deposition tendencies in mustard biodiesel with varying oxidation levels by examining residual carbon and existent gum content. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and infrared spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical components of residual carbon and existent gum in mustard biodiesel and an antioxidant before and after oxidation. The research investigated carbon deposition on the exhaust valve of a compression ignition engine using mustard biodiesel blended with clove oil as an antioxidant. The engine ran for 100 h on each fuel sample: diesel (D100), biodiesel blended fuel (B30), and clove oil (3000 ppm). After completing 100 h on each sample, engine exhaust was analyzed for carbon deposition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Microscopy (EDX).The findings revealed increased carbon deposition when using biodiesel blended fuel compared to diesel fuel. However, the addition of an antioxidant to the biodiesel blend resulted in reduced carbon deposition. This suggests that the use of antioxidants effectively mitigated carbon buildup in the engine’s exhaust when using biodiesel blends. The aim of this study is to enhance engine performance, increase engine life, and reduce pollution in the environment.
Monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells: advancing sustainable energy options
Authors: Chauhan Shivani , Singh Rachna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the results of a simulation-based study on lead-free perovskite tandem devices. Wide bandgap (1.8 eV) perovskite materials Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 as the top cell and narrow bandgap (1.3 eV) perovskite materials CsSnI3 as the bottom cell make up the simulated tandem cell device, respectively. The optimisation process involves individually fine-tuning both cells under standard solar radiation conditions of 100 W/m2. The tandem cells necessitate precise current matching between the two sub-cells. The current matching condition manifests at Jsc of 16 mA cm−2 when the top and bottom cells reach an optimised thickness of 700 nm and 65 nm, respectively. The optimised tandem cell achieves a 24.47% power conversion efficiency (PCE), a high Voc of 1.7278 V, and a high fill factor of 83.72%. Furthermore, tandem solar cells’ temperature dependence is examined in the 300 K to 400 K range, revealing that efficiency decreases with temperature due to a reduction in Jsc (short-circuit current). Notably, the current matching condition is primarily influenced by the top cell, which exhibits less variation than the bottom cell. This study paves the way for developing tandem solar cells made entirely of lead-free perovskites and presents a new approach for the experimental realisation of high-power conversion efficiency.
Synergizing human expertise and AI efficiency with language model for microscopy operation and automated experiment design
*
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Checa Marti , Vasudevan Rama K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the advent of large language models (LLMs), in both the open source and proprietary domains, attention is turning to how to exploit such artificial intelligence (AI) systems in assisting complex scientific tasks, such as material synthesis, characterization, analysis and discovery. Here, we explore the utility of LLMs, particularly ChatGPT4, in combination with application program interfaces (APIs) in tasks of experimental design, programming workflows, and data analysis in scanning probe microscopy, using both in-house developed APIs and APIs given by a commercial vendor for instrument control. We find that the LLM can be especially useful in converting ideations of experimental workflows to executable code on microscope APIs. Beyond code generation, we find that the GPT4 is capable of analyzing microscopy images in a generic sense. At the same time, we find that GPT4 suffers from an inability to extend beyond basic analyses for more in-depth technical experimental design. We argue that an LLM specifically fine-tuned for individual scientific domains can potentially be a better language interface for converting scientific ideations from human experts to executable workflows. Such a synergy between human expertise and LLM efficiency in experimentation can open new doors for accelerating scientific research, enabling effective experimental protocols sharing in the scientific community.