bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Stoichiometry and Copper Valency in Superconducting Cuprates Studied by Chemical Methods
Authors: KARPPINEN M. , YAMAUCHI H. , NIINISTO L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Pure Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves and Derivatives
Authors: DUMITRIU E. , AZZOUZ A. , HULEA V. , LUTIC D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Materials for Non‐Linear Optics: The 2D Approach
Authors: WOLFF J. J. , WORTMANN R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadienylthallium(I) as a Ligand Transfer Reagent
Authors: JANIAK C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reactions Combining Diels—Alder Reactions with Sigmatropic Rearrangement Processes and Their Use in Synthesis
Authors: NEUSCHUETZ K. , VELKER J. , NEIER R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monophasic Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: CORRIU R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Phenylthiomethyl)silanes as New Bifunctional Assembling Ligands for the Construction of Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: KNORR M. , KNEIFEL S. , STROHMANN C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Trisilylmethanes and Trisilylsilanes as Precursors of a New Class of Tripodal Amido Ligands
Authors: SCHUBART M. , FINDEIS B. , MEMMLER H. , GADE L. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silaspirocycles as Precursors for a 2‐Silaallene
Authors: GOETZE B. , HERRSCHAFT B. , AUNER N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Silenes and Silylenes: Matrix Isolation of Unusual Silicon Species
Authors: SANDER W. , TROMMER M. , PATYK A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Excited State Chemistry of Organic Molecules Included Within Zeolites
Authors: RAMAMURTHY V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Redox Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: PANDEY G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Stereoselective [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions
Authors: FLEMING S. A. , BRADFORD C. L. , GAO J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs. Part 3.
Authors: NUHN P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hemiporphyrazines as Targets for the Preparation of Molecular Materials: Synthesis and Physical Properties
Authors: FERNANDEZ‐LAZARO F. , TORRES T. , HAUSCHEL B. , HANACK M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalytic Metal Carbene Transformations
Authors: DOYLE M. P. , FORBES D. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in Antimicrobial Development
Authors: SETTI E. L. , MICETICH R. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gastroprotective Agents for the Prevention of NSAID‐Induced Gastropathy
Authors: ARES J. J. , OUTT P. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bacterial Degradation of Quinoline and Derivatives — Pathways and Their Biocatalysts
Authors: FETZNER S. , TSHISUAKA B. , LINGENS F. , KAPPL R. , HUETTERMANN J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wind structure near the ground and its relation to temperature gradient
Authors: Heywood G. S. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe wind velocities given in this paper were obtained by two anemometers at heights of 12·7 m. and 94·5 m. above the ground. Though the diurnal variation of wind velocity at different heights, has been worked out by numerous observers, there are not many results from anemometers as high as 95 m.; for this reason the ordinary diurnal variation at this height in summer and winter is given below, together with that at 13 m. for comparison.The diurnal variation at the two heights in strong, moderate and light winds is then considered, somewhat on the lines of Hell‐mann's paper.1The vertical gradient of temperature up to 87 m. is also. recorded. Wind gradient must depend largely on temperature gradient, and in the next part of the paper the relation between the difference in wind velocity and the difference in temperature over approximately the same height interval, is worked out for various wind strengths. The various factors controlling the wind gradient are investigated, and the results are found to agree with Taylor's, theory of turbulence.2The gustiness of the wind is also studied in its relation to vertical temperature gradient and to wind direction.Finally some individual charts, illustrating the various points, are reproduced.
Discussion of memoir
Authors: Roberts O. F. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrom the hypothesis that the density distribution due to scattering satisfies a functional equation expressing uniformity of scattering power, it is shown that the square of the Standard Deviation of matter scattered from a plane source varies as the time. The method used to get this is extended so as to obtain the density distribution in a series of Hermite Polynomials, exhibiting directly the manner in which the distribution may differ from that due to the assumption of eddy scatter analogous to thermal diffusion in a solid. The infinite differential equation corresponding to the functional equation is obtained; and the similar result for homogeneous scattering in three dimensions is derived and extended to scatter from a fixed point or line into a medium with uniform mean flow.Added june 21, 1933.‐In his application of the Functional Equation to the Brownian Movement, Einstein found it only necessary to use the single exponential solution, the analogy with thermal diffusion thus being exact; this was strictly only justified by experiment (Perrin). For the atmosphere we possess no such experimental evidence.
The effect of wind, temperature, humidity and sunshine on the loss of heat of a body at temperature 98°F.
Authors: Gold E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1. Diagrams are given showing isopleths of the cooling power of the air in millicalories per cm.2 per second for winds up to 30 m.p.h. and for temperatures from 0° to 90°F. for—(i) A “dry” body at 98°F.(ii) A “wet” body at 98°F.(a) For dry air.(b) For saturated air.(iii) A “wet” body at 98°F. for wet‐bulb temperatures from 0° to 90°F. They are based on the formulæ given by Hill.2. The cooling power of the air at Croydon has been computed for each day of the year 1934, both for a dry body and for a wet body, and a frequency table is given showing the number of days in each month with different degrees of cooling power. In an exposed situation there is little difference on the average between the cooling power by day and by night.3. The effect of reducing the wind to values similar to those ordinarily experienced in unexposed places has been examined for typical months. It is found that this smooths the differences and reduces the mean values of cooling power by about one‐third.4. The effect on cooling power in the daytime of solar and sky radiation is computed: in a warm summer month the gain of heat in the middle of the day exceeds the loss of heat by a body at 98°F. in a situation where the wind is only one quarter of that recorded at Croydon at 100 feet above the ground. The effect of loss of heat by outward radiation to sky and earth at night is shown to be generally insignificant compared with the losses due to convection and radiation to the surroundings at the temperature of the air.5. The relation between cooling power and the terms hot, warm, cold, is examined and a scale suggested, which agrees with a scale independently proposed by Conrad. From this scale a scheme of terms appropriate to different conditions of temperature, wind, and cloud is arrived at.A further specification of terms in relation to wind temperature and wet‐bulb temperature is also given.
The distribution over the British Isles of the average durtion of bright sunshine: Monthly and annual maps and statistics
Authors: Glasspoole John , Hancock Dugald S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper the aiailable information as to the distribution of bright sunshine over the British Isles is reviewed. Maps are included defining the distribution of average amounts of bright sunshine during each month and the year. Estimates are also given of the general sunshine for each month and the year over England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the British Isles as a whole.
A screen for sheathed thermometers
Authors: Bilham E. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter a brief survey of the history of the Stevenson thermometer screen, a new form is described in which the four sheathed thermometers, maximum, minimum, dry‐bulb and wet‐bulb, are all arranged approximately horizontally. This arrangement allows of a considerable reduction in the size and weight of the screen, and also has other advantages over the standard arrangement, in which the dry‐ and wet‐bulb thermometers are placed vertically.
On instability from water vapour
Authors: Normand C. W. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper summarises the general criteria for the stability of a particle and of a layer in the atmosphere under conditions when condensation may bring the latent heat of water vapour into play. It discusses briefly the relationship between “Feucht‐Labilitat” (Refsdal), latent instability (Normand) and convective instability (Rossby), and gives the reasons for the introduction in India 01 the classification based on latent instability. The conditions for latent instability are defined with the aid of the tephigram, and an example is given to show how by generating latent instability within a closed system, e.g., by raising the wet‐bulb temperature in the lower layers and leaving all else unchanged, the energy available for transformation into kinetic energy may rise from zero to the equivalent of a wind of 50 mi./hr. throug‐hout the system, without taking account of the energy that may become available from the evaporation of rain‐drops, in descending air. If, however, cvaporation from rain‐drops takes place in the descending air in a thermodynamically efficient manner, the available energy in the closed system of the chosen example is nearly trebled, i.e., the equivalent average velocity rises to more than 90 mi./hr.
Note on the variation of pressure accompanying a distortion of air flow
Authors: Crossley A. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is known that certain meteorological stations frequently record a mean sea level pressure which is lower than that which would be expected from the general run of the isobars by amounts up to about one millibar. These stations are located in over exposed situations, such as the tip of a promontory, where the wind speed may be appreciably in excess of the speed in an ideal exposure. In steady motion, the flow of wind over or round the promontory conforms with Bernoulli's equation, which gives a relation between pressure and velocity at points on the same stream line. It is shown that a reasonable increase of wind speed above normal produces a decrease of pressure of the right magnitude. The equation is applied in the first instance to steady frictionless motion, but it is shown that the results apply with little variation to' the How of surface air, as modified by friction.
On development in the field of barometric pressure
Authors: Sutcliffe R. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe rate of change of surface pressure is defined by the horizontal divergence of momentum integrated vertically through the entire atmosphere. As geostrophic winds are rigorously non‐divergent, surface pressure cannot change when the motion is everywhere geostrophic (Jeffreys, 1919). Pressure changes are therefore determined by the field of geostrophic departure. Ignoring friction, the geostrophic departure is proportional to and directed at right angles to the horizontal acceleration whence pressure changes are defined solely by the field of acceleration, that is by dynamical considerations. Popular conceptions of pressure changes due to simple translation or advection of existing fields of pressure, or to thermal effects caused by direct heating or by advection of air of a different temperature, are invalid without a discussion of the dynamical processes involved.The approach to the theory of the movement and development of depressions and anticyclones is through a study of the departure of the velocity from the geostrophic value, or what is the same thing, a study of the field of acceleration. By expanding the acceleration into partial derivatives to time and space four terms, one of which is the well known isallobaric term, are obtained. Some justification for considering the terms as physically distinct is given.It is shown that isallobaric effects alone cannot account for the integrated divergence associated with pressure developments and it is suggested that all four terms may be significant. The effect of the vertical space derivative, proportional to the vertical velocity and to the horizontal gradient of temperature, previously enunciated as a formal proposition by Durst and Sutcliffe (1938), is stressed as a novel contribution which may be of fundamental importance.
Evaporation over catchment areas, II
Authors: Lloyd David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInformation has been extracted from Government sources relating to drainage areas situate in northern Italy. Values of general rainfall, loss and weather details are tabulated. The provisional formula, advanced recently to estimate the probable loss by evaporation over catchment areas, is applied to these data. The values of loss, expected on account of the weather and permeability of sub‐surface, are shown to be of the right magnitude.
A new theodolite for following fast moving objects especially for making pilot balloon observations of greater accuracy
Authors: Pollak L. W. , Brunt D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new pilot balloon theodolite is described the essential feature of which is that the reading‐ arrangements (verniers) remain stationary relatively to the vertical and horizontal scales from one reading‐ until the next, so that the observer is able to follow the balloon continuously.
Cyclonic and anticyclonic development
Authors: Sutcliffe R. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDevelopment of pressure systems involves horizontal divergence (positive or negative) approximately balanced by divergence of opposite sign in the upper troposphere, the total divergence integrated vertically and represented by the rate of change of surface pressure being a relatively small residual. It follows that a criterion for development is that there should be a significant difference between the lower and upper fields of divergence. Divergence is determined by the field of geostrophic departure or acceleration and it is shown that the difference between lower and upper divergence consists of two parts due respectively to shearing and to the development of thermal gradients. Rules concerning the distribution of surface divergence and convergence in different pressure and temperature distributions are inferred and a method of approaching the problem of forecasting on a three‐dimensional basis is put forward.
Variations of the amount of carbon dioxide in different air currents
Authors: Callendar G. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe first measurements to determine the composition of the atmosphere were made at least 180 years ago, but chemists worked more than a century before they obtained really accurate values for the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.In the following: a brief review is given of the present state of knowledge concerning the variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, together with some observations which appear to show that the amount of this gas in the air has increased of late years.
A new electrical weight barograph
Authors: Patterson J. , Middleton W. E. Knowles 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn account is given of a new weight barograph which resembles that of Sprung in principle but differs almost entirely in detail. Its mechanism is driven electrically, and provides not only a clear graphical trace of the pressure but a printed numerical record of its value every hour. The usefulness of this lies not so much in facilitating the abstraction of the data from the charts as in adding materially to the accuracy, for changes in humidity have a decided effect on the width of the paper, and may under extreme conditions cause an error of a millibar in the trace.The barometric tube and a counterweight hang from the ends of a beam, pivoted a t its centre, and on the beam is a rolling weight; when the beam is slightly tilted by a change of pressure a contact is made which through a sensitive relay brings into operation an electric motor. This moves the rolling weight until equilibrium is again reached and the position of the rolling weight controls both the trace and the number printed.After a discussion of the fundamental principles the mode of construction is described in some detail, and finally the methods of adjustment and the compensation for temperature.
On stochastic perturbation and long‐term climate behaviour
Authors: Sutera Alfonso 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA very simple energy‐balance equation for the mean surface temperature of the planet (Budyko‐type model) is perturbed by a stochastic term, simulating the numerous ‘weather’ processes not considered in the deterministic feed‐back term. In the first instance, a symmetrical deterministic process with three equilibrium states is considered. Using standard methods for determination of the probability density distribution, the characteristic time which the climate system spends in the neighbourhood of one stable equilibrium before shifting to the other is expressed in terms of the characteristic time of the feed‐back process and the time constant of the perturbing process. Realistic corresponding values are found. an Appendix discusses the possibility of using the analogy between stochastically perturbed Newtonian and quantum‐dynamical systems in research on climate change.