bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attempted suicide in adolescents – A pilot study
Authors: Manor I. , Gutnik I. , Ben-Dor D.H. , Apter A. , Sever J. , Tyano S. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveBoth adolescent suicide and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are troubling phenomena with high comorbidity, including impulsivity, depression and personality disorders (PD). Studies on the association between these two phenomena are relatively rare. This pilot study's aim was to estimate the rate of ADHD in adolescents attempting suicide.MethodSubjects constituted consecutive admissions to the psychiatric emergency room (ER) who were admitted as a result of attempting suicide. Assessment included the use of the Kiddie-SADS, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Conners’ Rating Scale (CRS). Those diagnosed as suffering from ADHD were assessed by a standardized Continuous Performance Test (Test of Variables of Attention [TOVA]) that included methylphenidate (MPH) challenge. Twenty-three (23) adolescents completed the study. M:F ratio was 5:18, respectively.ResultsOf the 23 participants who completed the study, 65% were diagnosed with ADHD, 43.5% with depression and 39% with cluster B PD. ADD/ADHD ratio was 66%:34%. Only five of the patients were formerly diagnosed as ADHD, only three had been medicated and 14 out of 15 adolescents responded well to MPH challenge.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest a significant association between ADHD and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Further study is needed to establish this association and assess the causality.
Psychopathology and personality traits in psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives
Authors: Cortés M.J. , Valero J. , Gutiérrez-Zotes J.A. , Hernández A. , Moreno L. , Jariod M. , Martorell L. , Vilella E. , Labad A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPersonality dimensions have been associated with symptoms dimensions in schizophrenic patients (SP). In this paper we study the relationships between symptoms of functional psychoses and personality dimensions in SP and their first-degree relatives (SR), in other psychotic patients (PP) and their first-degree relatives (PR), and in healthy controls in order to evaluate the possible clinical dimensionality of these disorders. Twenty-nine SP, 29 SR, 18 PP, 18 PR and 188 controls were assessed using the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R). Current symptoms were evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using the five-factor model described previously (positive [PF], negative [NF], disorganized [DF], excitement [EF] and anxiety/depression [ADF]). Our TCI-R results showed that patients had different personality dimensions from the control group, but in relatives, these scores were not different from controls. With regard to symptomatology, we highlight the relations observed between harm avoidance (HA) and PANSS NF, and between self-transcendence (ST) and PANSS PF. From a personality traits-genetic factors point of view, schizophrenia and other psychosis may be initially differentiated by temperamental traits such as HA. The so-called characterial traits like ST would be associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms.
A multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstruction of Holocene climate conditions in the Great Basin, United States
Authors: Reinemann Scott A. , Porinchu David F. , Bloom Amy M. , Mark Bryan G. , Box Jason E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA sediment core spanning ∼ 7000 cal yr BP recovered from Stella Lake, a small sub-alpine lake located in Great Basin National Park, Nevada, was analyzed for subfossil chironomids (non-biting midges), diatoms, and organic content (estimated by loss-on-ignition (LOI)). Subfossil chironomid analysis indicates that Stella Lake was characterized by a warm, middle Holocene, followed by a cool “Neoglacial” period, with the last two millennia characterized by a return to warmer conditions. Throughout the majority of the core the Stella Lake diatom-community composition is dominated by small, periphytic taxa which are suggestive of shallow, cool, alkaline, oligotrophic waters with extensive seasonal ice cover. A reconstruction of mean July air temperature (MJAT) was developed by applying a midge-based inference model for MJAT (two-component WA-PLS) consisting of 79 lakes and 54 midge taxa (rjack2= 0.55, RMSEP = 0.9°C). Comparison of the chironomid-inferred temperature record to existing regional paleoclimate reconstructions suggests that the midge-inferred temperatures correspond well to regional patterns. This multi-proxy record provides valuable insight into regional Holocene climate and environmental conditions by providing a quantitative reconstruction of peak Holocene warmth and aquatic ecosystem response to these changes in the Great Basin, a region projected to experience increased aridity and higher temperatures.
Scientific travel in the Atlantic world: the French expedition to Gorée and the Antilles, 1681–1683
Authors: DEW NICHOLAS 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough historians have long recognized the importance of long-range scientific expeditions in both the practice and culture of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century science, it is less well understood how this form of scientific organization emerged and became established in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. In the late seventeenth century new European scientific institutions tried to make use of globalized trade networks for their own ends, but to do so proved difficult. This paper offers a case history of one such expedition, the voyage sponsored by the French Académie royale des sciences to Gorée (in modern Senegal) and the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1681–3. The voyage of Varin, Deshayes and de Glos reveals how the process of travel itself caused problems for instruments and observers alike.
Brain neural activity patterns yielding numbers are operators, not representations
Authors: Freeman Walter J. , Kozma Robert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe contrapose computational models using representations of numbers in parietal cortical activity patterns (abstract or not) with dynamic models, whereby prefrontal cortex (PFC) orchestrates neural operators. The neural operators under PFC control are activity patterns that mobilize synaptic matrices formed by learning into textured oscillations we observe through the electroencephalogram from the scalp (EEG) and the electrocorticogram from the cortical surface (ECoG). We postulate that specialized operators produce symbolic representations existing only outside of brains.
Slippery platform: The role of automatic and intentional processes in testing the effect of notation
Authors: Algom Daniel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe type of processing of numerical dimensions varies greatly and is governed by context. Considering this flexibility in tandem with a fuzzy demarcation line between automatic and intentional processes, it is suggested that testing the effect of notation should not be confined to automatic processing, in particular to passive viewing. Recent behavioral data satisfying the authors' stipulations reveal a considerable, though perhaps not exclusive, core of common abstract processing.
Symbols in numbers: From numerals to magnitude information
Authors: Lindemann Oliver , Rueschemeyer Shirley-Ann , Bekkering Harold 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA dual-code model of number processing needs to take into account the difference between a number symbol and its meaning. The transition of automatic non-abstract number representations into intentional abstract representations could be conceptualized as a translation of perceptual asemantic representations of numerals into semantic representations of the associated magnitude information. The controversy about the nature of number representations should be thus related to theories on embodied grounding of symbols.
Abstract after all? Abstraction through inhibition in children and adults
Authors: Houdé Olivier 
Published: August 2009

AbstractI challenge two points in Cohen Kadosh & Walsh's (CK & W) argument: First, the definition of abstraction is too restricted; second, the distinction between representations and operations is too clear-cut. For example, taking Jean Piaget's “conservation of number task,” I propose that another way to avoid orthodoxy in the field of numerical cognition is to consider inhibition as an alternative idea of abstraction.
Non-abstractness as mental simulation in the representation of number
Authors: Myachykov Andriy , Platenburg Wouter P. A. , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAbstraction is instrumental for our understanding of how numbers are cognitively represented. We propose that the notion of abstraction becomes testable from within the framework of simulated cognition. We describe mental simulation as embodied, grounded, and situated cognition, and report evidence for number representation at each of these levels of abstraction.
Numerical representations: Abstract or supramodal? Some may be spatial
Authors: Vallar Giuseppe , Girelli Luisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe target article undermines the existence of a shared unitary numerical format, illustrating a variety of representations. The “abstract”/“not-abstract” dichotomy does not capture their specific features. These representations are “supramodal” with respect to the sensory modality of the stimulus, and independent of its specific notation, with a main role of spatial codes, both related and unrelated to the mental number line.
Numerical representation in the parietal lobes: Abstract or not abstract?
Authors: Cohen Kadosh Roi , Walsh Vincent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe study of neuronal specialisation in different cognitive and perceptual domains is important for our understanding of the human brain, its typical and atypical development, and the evolutionary precursors of cognition. Central to this understanding is the issue of numerical representation, and the question of whether numbers are represented in an abstract fashion. Here we discuss and challenge the claim that numerical representation is abstract. We discuss the principles of cortical organisation with special reference to number and also discuss methodological and theoretical limitations that apply to numerical cognition and also to the field of cognitive neuroscience in general. We argue that numerical representation is primarily non-abstract and is supported by different neuronal populations residing in the parietal cortex.
To enhance transparency of a piezo-actuated tele-micromanipulator using passive bilateral control
Authors: Seifabadi R. , Rezaei S. M. , Ghidary S. Shiry , Zareinejad M. , Saadat M. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThis paper presents the research work on a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) force reflecting tele-micromanipulation system. This system enables a human operator to position remote objects very precisely having haptic feedback. The slave robot is a nano-positioning piezo-actuator with hysteretic dynamics. This intrinsic nonlinearity results in positioning inaccuracy and instability. Hence, a LuGre friction model is employed to model and compensate for this undesirable behavior. By means of a transformation, the 2-DOF master–slave system (1-DOF each) is decomposed into two 1-DOF new systems: the shape system, representing the master–slave position coordination, and the locked system, representing dynamics of the coordinated system. A key innovation of this paper is to generalize this approach to the hysteresis-type nonlinear teleoperated systems. For the shape system, a position tracking controller is designed in order to achieve position coordination. This position coordination is guaranteed not only in free space motion, but also during contact at the slave side. Furthermore, a force tracking controller is designed for the locked system in order to achieve tracking of the force exerted on the master and slave robots. Using this force controller, transparency is remarkably enhanced. Based on the virtual flywheels concept, passivity of the closed-loop teleoperator is guaranteed against dynamic parameter uncertainties and force measurement inaccuracies. The simulation and experimental results verify the capability of the proposed control architectures in achieving high-level tracking of the position and force signals while the system remains stable.
Robotic surgery: from autonomous systems to intelligent tools
Authors: Rodriguez y Baena Ferdinando , Davies Brian 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYA brief history of robotic surgery is provided, which describes the transition from autonomous robots to hands-on systems that are under the direct control of the surgeon. An example of the latter is the Acrobot (for active-constraint robot) system used in orthopaedics, whilst soft-tissue surgery is illustrated by the daVinci telemanipulator system. Non-technological aspects of robotic surgery have often been a major impediment to their widespread clinical use. These are discussed in detail, together with the role of navigation systems, which are considered a major competitor to surgical robots. A detailed description is then given of a registration method for robots to achieve improved accuracy. Registration is a major source of error in robotic surgery, particularly in orthopaedics. The paper describes the design and clinical implementation of a novel method, coined the bounded registration method, applied to minimally invasive registration of the femur. Results of simulations which compare the performance of bounded registration with a standard implementation of the iterative closest point algorithm are also presented, alongside a description of their application in the Acrobot hands-on robot, used clinically for uni-condylar knee arthroplasty.
Rod bipolar cells in the retina of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella): Characterization and distribution
Authors: LAMEIRÃO SORAIA VALÉRIA O.C. , HAMASSAKI DANIA E. , RODRIGUES ANDERSON R. , DE LIMA SILENE MARIA A. , FINLAY BARBARA L. , SILVEIRA LUIZ CARLOS L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRod bipolar cells inCebus apellamonkey retina were identified by an antibody against the alpha isoform of protein kinase C (PKCα), which has been shown to selectively identify rod bipolars in two other primates and various mammals. Vertical sections were used to confirm the identity of these cells by their characteristic morphology of dendrites and axons. Their topographic distribution was assessed in horizontal sections; counts taken along the dorsal, ventral, nasal, and temporal quadrants. The density of rod bipolar cells increased from 500 to 2900 cells/mm2at 1 mm from the fovea to reach a peak of 10,000–12,000 cells/mm2at 4 mm, approximately 5 deg of eccentricity, and then gradually decreased toward retinal periphery to values of 5000 cells/mm2or less. Rod to rod bipolar density ratio remained between 10 and 20 across most of the retinal extension. The number of rod bipolar cells per retina was 6,360,000 ± 387,433 (mean ±s.d.,n= 6). The anti-PKCα antibody has shown to be a good marker of rod bipolar cells ofCebus, and the cell distribution is similar to that described for other primates. In spite of the difference in the central retina, the density variation of rod bipolar cells in theCebusandMacacaas well as the convergence from rod to rod bipolar cells are generally similar, suggesting that both retinae stabilize similar sensitivity (as measured by rod density) and convergence.
Reliability of a novel paradigm for determining hemispheric lateralization of visuospatial function
Authors: WHITEHOUSE ANDREW J. O. , BADCOCK NICHOLAS , GROEN MARGRIET A. , BISHOP DOROTHY V. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn most individuals, language production and visuospatial skills are subserved predominantly by the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) provides a noninvasive and relatively low-cost method for measuring functional lateralization. However, while the silent word generation task provides an accurate and reliable paradigm for investigating lateralization of language production, there is no comparable gold-standard method for measuring visuospatial skills. Thirty undergraduate students (19 females) completed a task of spatial memory while undergoing fTCD recording. Participants completed this task at two different time points, separated by between 26 to 155 days. The relative activation between hemispheres averaged across all participants was found to be consistent across testing sessions. This was observed at the individual level also, with a quantitative index of lateralization showing high reproducibility. These findings indicate that the use of the spatial memory task with fTCD is a robust methodology for examining laterality of visuospatial skills. (JINS, 2009, 15, 1028–1032.)
Examining the multifactorial nature of cognitive aging with covariance analysis of positron emission tomography data
Authors: SIEDLECKI KAREN L. , HABECK CHRISTIAN G. , BRICKMAN ADAM M. , GAZES YUNGLIN , STERN YAAKOV 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResearch has indicated that there may be age-related and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) -related reductions in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the brain. This study explored differences in age- and AD-related rCBF patterns in the context of cognitive aging using a multivariate approach to the analysis of H215O PET data. First, an rCBF covariance pattern that distinguishes between a group of younger and older adults was identified. Individual subject’s expression of the identified age-related pattern was significantly correlated with their performance on tests of memory, even after controlling for the effect of age. This finding suggests that subject expression of the covariance pattern explained additional variation in performance on the memory tasks. The age-related covariance pattern was then compared to an AD-related covariance pattern. There was little evidence that the two covariance patterns were similar, and the age-related pattern did a poor job of differentiating between cognitively-healthy older adults and those with probable AD. The findings from this study are consistent with the multifactorial nature of cognitive aging. (JINS, 2009, 15, 973–981.)
Compositional and Structural Study of a (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Single Crystal Prepared by Solid State Crystal Growth
Authors: Benčan Andreja , Tchernychova Elena , Godec Matjaž , Fisher John , Kosec Marija 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work we investigated the chemical composition and structure of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) single crystals grown by the solid state crystal growth method. The optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopies were employed for the analysis of the chemical homogeneity and domain structure of the KNN crystal. No compositional inhomogeneities within experimental error were encountered in the KNN single crystals. The domain structure of the KNN single crystal, with a monoclinic unit cell, is composed of large 90° domains of up to 100 μm width, which further consist of smaller 180° domains with widths from 50 to 300 nm.
The Role of Interleukin-6 in the Formation of the Coronary Vasculature
Authors: Banerjee Indroneal , Fuseler John W. , Souders Colby A. , Bowers Stephanie L.K. , Baudino Troy A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe formation and the patterning of the coronary vasculature are critical to the development and pathology of the heart. Alterations in cytokine signaling and biomechanical load can alter the vascular distribution of the vessels within the heart. Changes in the physical patterning of the vasculature can have significant impacts on the relationships of the pressure-flow network and distribution of critical growth and survival factors to the tissue. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates several biological processes, including vasculogenesis. Using both immunohistological and cardioangiographic analyses, we tested the hypothesis that IL-6-loss will result in decreased vessel density, along with changes in vascular distribution. Moreover, given the impact of vascular patterning on pressure-flow and distribution mechanics, we utilized non-Euclidean geometrical fractal analysis to quantify the changes in patterning resulting from IL-6-loss. Our analyses revealed that IL-6-loss results in a decreased capillary density and increase in intercapillary distances, but does not alter vessel size or diameter. We also observed that the IL-6−/− coronary vasculature had a marked increase in fractal dimension (D value), indicating that IL-6-loss alters vascular patterning. Characterization of IL-6-loss on coronary vasculature may lend insight into the role of IL-6 in the formation and patterning of the vascular bed.
Three-Dimensional X-Ray Imaging and Analysis of Fungi on and in Wood
Authors: Van den Bulcke Jan , Boone Matthieu , Van Acker Joris , Van Hoorebeke Luc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs wood is prone to fungal degradation, fundamental research is necessary to increase our knowledge aiming at product improvement. Several imaging modalities are capable of visualizing fungi, but the X-ray equipment presented in this article can envisage fungal mycelium in wood nondestructively in three dimensions with submicron resolution. Four types of wood subjected to the action of the white rot fungusCoriolus versicolor(Linnaeus) Quélet (CTB 863 A) were scanned using an X-ray-based approach. Comparison of wood volumes before and after fungal exposure, segmented manually or semiautomatically, showed the presence of the fungal mass on and in the wood samples and therefore demonstrated the usefulness of computed X-ray tomography for mycological and wood research. Further improvements to the experimental setup are necessary to resolve individual hyphae and enhance segmentation.
X-Ray Microtomography Studies of Tannin-Derived Organic and Carbon Foams
Authors: Tondi G. , Blacher S. , Léonard A. , Pizzi A. , Fierro V. , Leban J.M. , Celzard A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTannin-based rigid foams of different bulk densities and their carbonized counterparts were investigated for the first time by X-ray microtomography. This method allowed acquisition of three-dimensional pictures of such highly porous materials. Through mathematical treatment of the images, extremely useful physical characteristics such as porosity, fraction of open cells, connectivity, tortuosity, and pore-size distribution were determined as a function of the foam's density. The obtained information was compared with independent data derived from pycnometry measurements and scanning electron microscope image analysis. The agreement was shown to be acceptable in the limit of the accuracy of the laboratory microtomograph (4 μm). Moreover, recalculating properties like permeability were shown to be quite possible based on the results of standard microtomography data.