bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human immunodeficiency virus infection challenges: Current therapeutic limitations and strategies for improved management through long‐acting injectable formulation
Authors: Tanushree  , Sharma Aman , Monika  , Singh Rahul Pratap , Jhawat Vikas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHIV infection has been a severe global health burden, with millions living with the virus and continuing new infections each year. Antiretroviral therapy can effectively suppress HIV replication but requires strict lifelong adherence to daily oral medication regimens, which presents a significant challenge. Long‐acting formulations of antiretroviral drugs administered infrequently have emerged as a promising strategy to improve treatment outcomes and adherence to HIV therapy and prevention. Long‐acting injectable (LAI) formulations are designed to gradually release drugs over extended periods of weeks or months following a single injection. Critical advantages of LAIs over conventional oral dosage forms include less frequent dosing requirements, enhanced patient privacy, reduced stigma associated with daily pill regimens, and optimised pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles. Several LAI antiretroviral products have recently gained regulatory approval, such as the integrase strand transfer inhibitor cabotegravir for HIV preexposure prophylaxis and the Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine combination for HIV treatment. A leading approach for developing long‐acting antiretroviral depots involves encapsulating drug compounds in polymeric microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable materials like poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid). These injectable depot formulations enable high drug loading with customisable extended‐release kinetics controlled by the polymeric matrix. Compared to daily oral therapies, LAI antiretroviral formulations leveraging biodegradable polymeric microspheres offer notable benefits, including prolonged therapeutic effects, reduced dosing frequency for improved adherence, and the potential to kerb the initial HIV transmission event. The present manuscript aims to review the pathogenesis of the virus and its progression and propose therapeutic targets and long‐acting drug delivery strategies that hold substantial promise for enhancing outcomes in HIV treatment and prevention.
Working with wood in rivers in the Western United States
Authors: Ockelford Annie , Wohl Ellen , Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Comiti Francesco , Piégay Hervé , Darby Stephen , Parsons Dan , Yochum Steven E. , Wolstenholme Josh , White Daniel , Uno Hiromi , Triantafillou Shayla , Stroth Travis , Smrdel Tom , Scott Daniel N. , Scamardo Julianne E. , Rees James , Rathburn Sara , Morrison Ryan R. , Milan David , Marshall Anna , Lininger Katherine B. , Kemper John T. , Karpack Marissa , Johaneman Taylor , Iskin Emily , Gibaja del Hoyo Javier , Hortobágyi Borbála , Hinshaw Sarah , Heath Jared , Emmanuel Tracy , Dunn Sarah , Christensen Nicholas , Beeby Johannes , Ash Julie , Ader Ethan , Aarnink Janbert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecognition of the important physical and ecological roles played by large wood in channels and on floodplains has grown substantially during recent decades. Although large wood continues to be routinely removed from many river corridors worldwide, the practice of wood reintroduction has spread across the United States, the United Kingdom and western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The state‐of‐science regarding working with wood in rivers was discussed during a workshop held in Colorado, USA, in September 2022 with 40 participants who are scientists and practitioners from across the USA, UK, Europe, and Japan. The objectives of this paper are to present the findings from the workshop; summarize two case studies of wood in river restoration in the western United States; and provide suggestions for advancing the practice of wood in river management. We summarize the workshop results based on participant judgements and recommendations with respect to: (i) limitations and key barriers to using wood, which reflect perceptions and practicalities; (ii) gaps in the use of large wood in river management; (iii) scenarios in which wood is generally used effectively; and (iv) scenarios in which wood is generally not used effectively. The case studies illustrate the importance of the local geomorphic context, the configuration complexity of the wood, and the potential for modification of river corridor morphology to enhance desired benefits. Moving forward, we stress the importance of collaboration across disciplines and across communities of research scientists, practitioners, regulators, and potential stakeholders; accounting for stakeholder perceptions of the use of large wood; and increasing non‐scientist access to the latest state‐of‐science knowledge.
Sustainable development pathways: Exploring the impact of green finance on urban metabolic efficiency
Authors: Han Jie , Zhang Wei , Işık Cem , Zhao Wenju , Anas Muhammad , Zheng Qinglan , Xie Danxi , Bakhsh Satar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImproving urban metabolic efficiency is crucial for sustainable development. This paper examines how green finance affects urban metabolic efficiency and its underlying mechanisms using city‐level green finance data from China between 2010 and 2022. Additionally, the non‐linear impact of green finance on urban metabolic efficiency is analyzed using a PLFC model. The research findings indicate that green finance notably improves urban metabolic efficiency via its constraint effect, incentive effect, and innovation compensation effect. The conclusion remains valid after conducting robustness tests. The analysis of mechanisms indicates that the incentive effect outweighs the constraint effect. Heterogeneity analyses demonstrate that the impact of green finance on urban metabolic efficiency varies depending on regions, city sizes, and city attributes. Furthermore, further investigation demonstrates that green finance exhibits a non‐linear impact on urban metabolic efficiency, with education level and robotics application serving as significant moderating factors. This paper offers fresh insights into the correlation between green finance and urban metabolic efficiency, along with valuable references and insights for crafting more targeted policies.
Recent Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities of Conducting Polymers for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Masood Maria , Hussain Sadam , Sohail Manzar , Rehman Aamal , Uzzaman M. Akhtar , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Wahab Md. Abdul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe industrial and academic sectors have been closely observing the advantages of conventional polymers, primarily due to their easy preparation and low manufacturing costs. Recently, there has been a growing interest in conducting polymers (CPs) due to their unique characteristics. These polymers offer improved environmental durability, impressive mechanical and optical potential, ease of manufacturability, and a range of electrical properties compared to conventional inorganic materials. This review focuses on the chemical structures, properties, and synthesis of the most prevalent types of CPs. Furthermore, an analysis of conducting composites is conducted to evaluate their performance in energy storage devices. The review specifically focuses on the growth of their operations in energy storage technologies such as Lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors (SCs). It also explores the current challenges faced by CPs potential applications for advancing energy storage systems. This review aims to advance understanding of the role of CPs for energy storage applications. In summary, conductive polymers offer a wide range of applications due to their unique features and suitable production techniques for energy storage system (ESS) application. However, there is still significant work to be carried out to enhance the performance of conduction polymers for ESSs. This overview has provided an introduction to traditional conductive polymers as functional materials, including information on their polymerization processes, advantages, disadvantages and the most promising ESS applications to date, such as various batteries and supercapacitors. It is worth noting that conductive polymers hold the potential to become crucial components in future ESSs. Achieving this potential will require further advancements in synthesis techniques, integration with other materials, as well as maximization and optimization of their capabilities.
Biological Activities, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Simulation of Thymol‐Based Compounds
Authors: Sahin Dicle , Kepekci Remziye Aysun , Feizi‐Dehnayebi Mehran , Akkoc Senem , Cuevas‐Vicario José Vicente , Micale Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA set of thymol‐based derivatives (3 a–d) was synthesized and characterized. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to explain the nature of the transitions in the absorption spectra. These new compounds were tested as anticancer agents on human liver (HepG2), lung (A549), and colon (DLD‐1) cancer cell lines using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method showing in some cases higher antiproliferative properties than the reference drug cisplatin. All synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against a representative panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria plus a pathogenic yeast species (Candida albicans ATCC90028) using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Furthermore, we determined the antioxidant activity of these compounds by the DPPH free radical scavenging test. According to the minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and IC50 values, compound 3 c showed the highest antimicrobial activity, compound 3 d exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while compounds 3 b and 3 c displayed higher cytotoxic activity than cisplatin against HepG2 and DLD‐1 cell lines albeit no selectivity towards healthy cells (HEK‐293T). Furthermore, docking simulations of the compounds towards two potential molecular targets, namely caspase‐3 protein (PDB ID: 3KJF) and Escherichia coli glucosamine‐6‐phosphate synthase (PDB ID: 2VF5), were performed in order to validate the anticancer and antimicrobial activities, respectively.
Targeted genotyping‐by‐sequencing of potato and data analysis with R/polyBreedR
Authors: Endelman Jeffrey B. , Kante Moctar , Lindqvist‐Kreuze Hannele , Kilian Andrzej , Shannon Laura M. , Caraza‐Harter Maria V. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Mailloux Kathrine , Hamilton John P. , Buell C. Robin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMid‐density targeted genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) combines trait‐specific markers with thousands of genomic markers at an attractive price for linkage mapping and genomic selection. A 2.5K targeted GBS assay for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was developed using the DArTag technology and later expanded to 4K targets. Genomic markers were selected from the potato Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to maximize genome coverage and polymorphism rates. The DArTag and SNP array platforms produced equivalent dendrograms in a test set of 298 tetraploid samples, and 83% of the common markers showed good quantitative agreement, with RMSE (root mean squared error) <0.5. DArTag is suited for genomic selection candidates in the clonal evaluation trial, coupled with imputation to a higher density platform for the training population. Using the software polyBreedR, an R package for the manipulation and analysis of polyploid marker data, the RMSE for imputation by linkage analysis was 0.15 in a small half‐diallel population (N = 85), which was significantly lower than the RMSE of 0.42 with the random forest method. Regarding high‐value traits, the DArTag markers for resistance to potato virus Y, golden cyst nematode, and potato wart appeared to track their targets successfully, as did multi‐allelic markers for maturity and tuber shape. In summary, the potato DArTag assay is a transformative and publicly available technology for potato breeding and genetics.
From mitigation to adaptation: Problematizing climate change in the maritime transport industry
Authors: Stockbruegger Jan , Bueger Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe literature on climate change in the maritime transport industry has grown rapidly in the last few years. Yet as the research agenda has progressed, scientific debates have become more isolated and fragmented, making it difficult to translate new findings into broader policy debates. This article draws on problematization methodology to help organize the scientific debate on maritime emissions and to identify analytical gaps and challenges. We argue that scholars investigate shipping's emission problem from four distinct analytical perspectives— (1) international laws and regulations, (2) markets and economics, (3) engineering and technology, and (4) authority and legitimacy. Each of these perspectives problematizes maritime emissions in specific ways, leading to different policies and strategies to address the problem. We call for better integrating these four literatures and highlight three crosscutting areas and problems for future research. First, developing institutions that facilitate market and engineering solutions; second, integrating climate mitigation and adaptation research; and third, focusing on justice concerns to ensure an equitable green transition in the maritime industry.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Thought Leaders
Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics in MHD Casson fluid flow over a wedge with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Nasir , Kosar Shahzana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis investigation outlines the significance of MHD Falkner–Skan flow of non‐Newtonian fluid flow over a wedge. To study the non‐Newtonian flow, Casson fluid is taken. Additionally, this study explores heat and mass transport under the influence of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and thermal radiation. This heat and mass transport investigation is carried out under the influence of thermal and concentration slip factors. Moreover, the entropy generation is also computed using the second law of thermodynamics. A set of nonlinear partial differential equations arises from the mathematical formulation of the problem. Similarity variables are then introduced to achieve a similarity solution. The leading differential equations are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta‐4 method in conjunction with shooting techniques. Graphical representations are employed to demonstrate the physical significance of relevant parameters. The investigation presents and discusses the impact of various parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration and entropy profiles for three different positions of the wedge: stationary, forward‐moving, and backward‐moving. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) Enhancing the magnetic parameter and wedge angle parameter leads to higher fluid velocity, (2) elevating both the Eckert and magnetic number results in a rapid escalation of fluid energy, (3) Skin friction coefficient increases gradually with an increase in the power law Falkner–Skan parameter.
A novel protocol for three‐dimensional mapping of sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) enclosure use in aquaria: Implications for management
Authors: Metrione Lara C. , Pham Nancy Kim , Price Carol , Duskin Libbie , Stamper Andy M. , Penfold Linda M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated sand tiger shark (STS; Carcharias taurus) spatial use and exclusion in public aquarium enclosures using a novel protocol for three‐dimensional mapping. Fifty‐one STS were observed in 14 enclosures, and swimming pattern, depth, and location were recorded in ZooMonitor. Data were converted into quantitative, three‐dimensional representations using ArcGIS® Pro v. 2.9. All observed STS except one swam in circular patterns, and 80% (n = 41) showed a directional swimming bias. Most STS (80%; n = 41) predominantly utilized the top two‐thirds of the enclosures, though 83% (n = 34) of those had swimming obstructions in the bottom of the enclosure. Avoidance of obstructed areas, sections <7 m wide, as well as behavioral spatial separation, resulted in utilization of between 27% and 66% of available enclosure space. STS underutilized corners, pinch‐points, and obstructed areas requiring abrupt directional changes and instead exhibited continual, unimpeded swimming patterns. In addition, this study found no relationship between directional swimming bias or use of smaller enclosure volumes and spinal deformity, a health issue affecting 26% of STS 10 years ago but now with an incidence of 6%. Using novel protocols for three‐dimensional mapping and volume estimation, this study demonstrated that enclosures facilitating unimpeded, continuous swimming are most usable for STS and provides important information that will be useful for future enclosure design.
Sustainability Through Efficiency
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn activity is considered efficient when relatively little input is needed to achieve its intended results. In health and social care, this means using the minimum possible human, material and financial resources to bring about a certain health benefit or a certain improvement to quality of life. Economists also refer to this approach specifically as productive efficiency: how do we “produce” better health at the lowest cost, in the broad sense of the word? Or in other words, how do we avoid “wastage” in the delivery of care? This contrasts with allocative efficiency, which is about whether people and other resources are deployed in the right place in the light of our society’s wishes and goals. That is the core theme of the third part of this report (Chaps. 7, 8, and 9), where we look at choices and prioritization in the Dutch health and social care system. Our focus in this chapter is productive efficiency, and in particular the potential for its improvement in terms of resource allocation or cost-effectiveness. In the next chapter we turn our attention to the human dimension of efficiency and home in on the issue of staffing sustainability.
Towards Better Choices in Care
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the previous chapter we noted that the way choices are made in health and social care in the Netherlands, and thus the results of those choices, is not always ideal. Greater health gains could probably be achieved by deploying people and resources more effectively than is currently the case. The quality and accessibility of care could also be better assured, especially for vulnerable groups. Where limits are imposed upon the growth of care, this is not always done in the most prudent way. We also discussed five impediments to good choices and distribution in care.
Choosing Sustainability: Conclusions and Recommendations
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen the Dutch are asked what they consider important in life, one of the first answers is invariably “good health”. Sooner or later, however, we all face health problems. When that time comes, we trust that care will be available and that it will be good, close at hand and affordable. Only recently, the Covid-19 pandemic has reiterated how much we rely upon that provision. The WRR therefore regards quality and accessibility as the most important public values associated with care. So they need to be safeguarded, now and in the future. At the same time, despite the ever-increasing need for care and hence for people and resources to deliver it, it is important to avoid compromising other public policy domains. To achieve that, our health and social care system needs to remain sustainable regardless of what demographic, social, technological and economic developments lie ahead.
Application of Building Cube Method to Reproduce High-Resolution Hydrodynamics of a Dredged Borrow Pit in Osaka Bay, Japan
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Ali , Inoue Tetsunori , Matsumoto Hiroki , Sato Tomoyuki , Matsuzaki Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsaka Bay is a semi-enclosed water body suffering from water quality deterioration caused by numerous borrow pits being excavated during the era of the industrial revolution. To mitigate such conditions, backfilling is under consideration, and performance assessment of backfilling requires accurate numerical simulations of hydrodynamics. However, it is challenging to reproduce the hydrodynamics in a borrow pit due to its smaller size, and a coarse-resolution simulation is not enough to accurately capture bathymetry as well as the flow characteristics on a spatial scale. In this study, a non-hydrostatic 3-D hydrodynamic model is successfully used to accurately reproduce the hydrodynamics on both coarse and high-resolution mesh configurations. The advantage of this modeling framework is the inclusion of the building cube method that can locally modify the uniform structural grid to a part of the full simulation domain. This capability made this model quite handy and less time-consuming when it comes to high-resolution simulations focusing on small-scale barrow pits.
Geographical Distribution and Recent Change in the Meteorological Event Causing the Annual Maximum Wave Height and Storm Surge Around Japan
Authors: Watanabe Kunihiro , Kato Fuminori , Araki Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Daiki , Yoshimura Hideto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe meteorological events that induced the annual maximum wave heights and storm surges were collected from 35 wave observatories and 50 tide observatories in Japan. The geographical distributions of the meteorological events most responsible for the maximum wave height and storm surge were similar everywhere except the southern part of Hokkaido. The proportions of typhoon- and explosive cyclogenesis-induced maximum wave heights and storm surges increased at many observatories when comparing data collected before 1994 and after 1995. The potential contributions of climate change to these increases were subsequently investigated and discussed based on the results of a detailed analysis conducted in 10-year periods.