bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to seriously consider optional third‐party clearing of FTRs?
Authors: Sacra Ann 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSince the launch of the first auction for Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs)1 in 1999, the Independent System Operator (ISO)‐conducted FTR markets have seen tremendous growth. Six ISOs—CAISO, ERCOT, ISO‐NE, MISO, NYISO, and PJM—now offer FTRs as a way to hedge exposure to the congestion charges that emerge when out‐of‐merit generators are dispatched during periods of transmission grid congestion. Over time, many ISOs have increased the variety of terms available for FTRs, allowing participants to purchase FTRs years in advance. Financial participants have increasingly joined the FTR markets as well, providing useful liquidity.
Complex configuration interaction calculations of the cross section for the dissociative electron attachment process e− + F2 → F → F + F− using the complex basis function method
Authors: Honigmann Michael , Buenker Robert J. , Liebermann Heinz‐Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe F molecule and the corresponding dynamic processes dealing with electron scattering on the neutral F2 species have been the subject of many theoretical and experimental investigations in the past. In the context of the Born‐Oppenheimer approximation, one of the best theoretical descriptions of the electronic states involves the use of complex basis functions together with configuration interaction (CI) methods. In this work, multireference CI calculations using the complex basis function method have been carried out for the autoionizing ground state of the F molecule. Potential curves and vibrational levels have been obtained for the ground and various excited states of both F2 and F, as well as the variation of the line width of the anionic ground state for the bond distance region in which it is metastable. Cross sections for the dissociative electron attachment process e− + F2 → F → F + F− have also been computed within the framework of the boomerang model, and good agreement with available experimental data has been found. In addition, some calculations for the process of vibrational excitation are included which also give good agreement with experiment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
HYDROLOGIC MODIFICATION FROM HYDROELECTRIC POWER OPERATIONS IN A MOUNTAIN BASIN
Authors: Caruso B. S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe natural flow paradigm suggests that components of the natural streamflow regime and variability should be managed to maintain important ecosystem functions and services. Mountain rivers can exhibit extreme flow variability and provide critical aquatic habitat and ecosystem services but can be severely impacted by hydroelectric power (HEP) development and operations that will likely increase in the future. The hydrologic modification from HEP operations in the Upper San Joaquin River Basin, California, was evaluated across 15 river and stream locations throughout the basin. Flow modifications in Bear Creek, an otherwise unimpacted high‐elevation subbasin, were evaluated in detail using a number of hydrologic metrics, including Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA), environmental flow components of IHA, flow duration curves, ecodeficit and comparisons using equivalence testing. The uncertainty of the metrics based on confidence intervals was also evaluated for unimpaired (upstream) and existing (impaired or downstream) conditions. Results showed that metrics for median values changed considerably for most locations under impaired conditions, but the direction and extent of change varied depending on the location and flow metric. Metrics for variability (coefficients of dispersion) changed even more. Most metrics showed that flow modifications in Bear Creek were substantial, including decreases in high flows and increases in most low‐flow metrics. However, some flow variability metrics increased because of large flood flows during several years overwhelming and bypassing the dam/diversion structure. Uncertainty in metrics varied considerably throughout the basin but generally increased for impaired conditions. Uncertainty should be explicitly considered when evaluating hydrologic modification from HEP in mountain watersheds. A number of metrics should be used depending on objectives and spatial scale, including a subset of key IHA metrics across multiple sites and other methods to provide detailed information on flow modification in conjunction with other environmental flow assessment techniques at key locations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional inequality and poverty in pre‐ and postreform China: Can entrepreneurship make a difference?
Authors: Koveos Peter , Zhang Yimin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChina's reforms have been associated with significant increases in the country's income and output. Yet, income inequality and poverty are still posing significant challenges to the country's economic landscape. One possible way of meeting these challenges is through the promotion of an entrepreneurial culture. The analysis is conducted using selected periods of regional economic development as its background. As a reasonable approximation, these periods are: the pre‐1978 period, the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s. Income inequalities and poverty trends are then examined for China's regions. In addition, the extent of the regional gap is measured and regional poverty levels and inequalities across counties are examined. The role of entrepreneurship in alleviating poverty in China is explored. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research initiatives of the European Union in the areas of sustainability, entrepreneurship, and poverty alleviation
Authors: Harkiolakis Nicholas , Prinia Despina , Mourad Lara 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn an effort to combat poverty and sustain growth, the European Union launched initiatives and invested funds to research the area of sustainable development and social cohesion. This article reviews funded projects of the European Union established over the last decade in the areas of entrepreneurship, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility. The analysis reveals that in Europe the issue of poverty is seen more as an issue of inequality and as lack of integration rather than an issue of wealth. This has an effect in the way policymakers and public authorities adopt new measures to achieve social cohesion, thereby ignoring the contribution of the individual as an entrepreneur with social consciousness that could lead the efforts to alleviate poverty. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low maternal middle cerebral artery Doppler resistance indices can predict future development of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Belfort M. , Van Veen T. , White G. L. , Kofford S. , Allred J. , Postma I. , Varner M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if decreased resistance (vasodilatation) in the maternal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the second trimester can predict third‐trimester development of pre‐eclampsia.MethodsFour‐hundred and five low‐risk gravidas had MCA transcranial Doppler (TCD) once in the second trimester. Maternal/neonatal outcomes were evaluated after delivery. Mean blood pressure, MCA velocities, resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were compared between normotensive and pre‐eclamptic cohorts.ResultsSeven subjects (1.7%) developed pre‐eclampsia. An RI of < 0.54 and a PI of < 0.81 were clinically useful in predicting subsequent pre‐eclampsia. Areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves for RI and PI were 0.93 and 0.93, respectively, with optimal sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 93% for both variables. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 11.8/0.15 (RI) and 12.3/0.15 (PI).ConclusionTCD indices of low maternal MCA resistance in the second trimester are predictive of the subsequent development of pre‐eclampsia in a low‐risk, ethnically homogeneous population. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus by total pancreatectomy for pancreatic islet transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Yoshida Tadashi , Suzuki Tomomi , Watanabe Masaaki , Yamashita Kenichiro , Koshizuka Yasuyuki , Kuraya Daisuke , Ogura Masaomi , Kamachi Hirofumi , Matsushita Michiaki , Todo Satoru 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeIn order to perform a preclinical trial of pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) in nonhuman primates, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) must be induced. Methods for IDDM induction are administration of streptozotocin (STZ) or total pancreatectomy (TP). While STZ‐induced IDDM is not always reliable, TP is appropriate for IDDM induction. However, TP is very difficult because of the complex surgical procedure required, necessary confirmation of IDDM, and difficulty in postoperative management. In this study, we tried to establish a reliable IDDM model for PIT in cynomolgus monkeys.MethodsTP was performed in 5 male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). This was followed by scheduled measurements of blood glucose, C‐peptide levels, insulin levels, oral intake, and insulin requirements. IDDM induction was confirmed by serum C‐peptide levels and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Allogeneic PIT was performed 14 days later with immunosuppressive therapy.ResultsTP successfully induced IDDM in all animals, confirmed by reduction of fasting serum C‐peptide levels. Negative responses of serum C‐peptide levels and insulin in IVGTT provided further confirmation of IDDM induction. No mortality or morbidity was encountered in any of the animals.ConclusionsTP successfully induced IDDM for PIT in cynomolgus monkeys.
“It's Not Like Judgment Day”: Public Understanding of and Reactions to Personalized Genomic Risk Information
Authors: Gordon Erynn S. , Griffin Georgia , Wawak Lisa , Pang Hauchie , Gollust Sarah E. , Bernhardt Barbara A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe value of genomic risk assessment depends upon patients making appropriate behavioral changes in response to increased risk leading to disease prevention and early detection. To date, few studies have investigated consumers’ response to personalized genomic disease risk information. To address this gap, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 60 adults participating in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative. The interviews took place after receiving results providing genomic and other risk information for up to eight common complex diseases. We found that participants were most likely to recall results which conferred an increased risk or those of particular personal interest. Participants understood the multi‐factorial nature of common complex disease, and generally did not have negative emotional responses or overly deterministic perceptions of their results. Although most participants expressed a desire to use results to improve their health, a minority had actually taken action (behavior change or shared results with their doctor) at the time of the interview. These results suggest that participants have a reasonable understanding of genomic risk information and that provision of genomic risk information may motivate behavior change in some individuals; however additional work is needed to better understand the lack of change seen in the majority of participants.
Feeling disrespected by parents: Refining the measurement and understanding of psychological control
Authors: Barber Brian K. , Xia Mingzhu , Olsen Joseph A. , McNeely Clea A. , Bose Krishna 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigated parental psychological control of adolescents when construed as disrespect of individuality. First, 120 adolescents from 5 cultures were interviewed and asked to identify specific parental behaviors that communicated to them that they were disrespected as individuals. The interview data were coded and 8 new survey items were constructed to reflect key content. These items were then administered to 2100 adolescents in the same cultures along with a traditional measure of psychological control (PCS). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that model fit was better when the two scales were kept separate, across culture and sex of parent. In structural equation models, the new scale – labeled Psychological Control – Disrespect – accounted for all and more of the variance in youth depression and antisocial behavior than the PCS did. The discussion centers on the validation the study makes of the construct and offers several suggestions for future research.
Early programming of adult blood pressure in the low birth weight Yucatan miniature pig is exacerbated by a post-weaning high-salt-fat-sugar diet
Authors: Myrie Semone B. , MacKay Dylan S. , Van Vliet Bruce N. , Bertolo Robert F. 
Published: December 2011

We previously demonstrated that intra-uterine growth-restricted (IUGR) Yucatan miniature pigs develop modestly elevated blood pressure (BP) as young adults. The present study evaluated the effects of a post-weaning Western-style, high-salt-fat-sugar (HSFS) diet on early programming of BP. IUGR piglets (3 d old, 0·77 (sem0·04) kg,n6) were paired with normal weight (NW) same-sex littermates (1·14 (sem0·03) kg,n6) and fed milk replacer for 4 weeks. A third littermate was left with the sow (SF; 1·01 (sem0·05) kg,n6). When 4 weeks old, all pigs were placed on a HSFS dietad libitumfor 5 h/d. When 11 months old, telemeters were implanted to measure BP in pigs before (4·5 % NaCl) and after (0·5 % NaCl) a 7 d reduced salt challenge. At necropsy, nephron numbers were determined. Before sexual maturity, IUGR pigs had greater relative feed intake (P < 0·05), and experienced catch-up growth with greater adiposity, with correlations between adiposity and BP (P < 0·05). Adult IUGR pigs had 26–34 % fewer nephrons and higher diastolic BP (107·7 (sem4·9) mmHg,P = 0·044) than NW (97·2 (sem1·8) mmHg) and SF (98·9 (sem5·3) mmHg) pigs. Systolic BP was similar among the three groups, but was significantly elevated compared with levels previously reported for a control diet. Salt restriction reduced BP in all groups (P < 0·05), but with no differences (P>0·05) in the degree of salt sensitivity among groups. In conclusion, a post-weaning Western-style diet exacerbates early programming of diastolic BP in Yucatan miniature swine, whereas systolic BP is more sensitive to postnatal diet.
Biology, taxonomy and conservation status of the Short-tailed Green MagpieCissa [t.] thalassinafrom Java
Authors: VAN BALEN S. (BAS) , EATON JAMES A. , RHEINDT FRANK E. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe Short-tailed Green MagpieCissa thalassina, a member of an Asian lineage of uniquely coloured corvids, is represented by two subspecies,thalassinaandjefferyi, that occur on the islands of Java and Borneo, respectively. The distinct Javan nominate form is poorly described in the literature and next to nothing is published on its biology and occurrence in the wild. We here document the biology and distribution of this taxon based on hitherto unpublished historical data and on our own fieldwork. We also analyse vocal data ofjefferyi, thalassinaand two otherCissaspecies and show thatjefferyiandthalassinaare well-differentiated, and thatthalassinais bioacoustically more similar to anotherCissaspecies from the Asian mainland. We also demonstrate important and significant biometric differences betweenjefferyiandthalassinathat may reflect divergent adaptations to the environment, as well as plumage differences that may serve signalling functions. Finally, the application of a novel species delimitation test to our data suggests thatjefferyiandthalassinadeserve to be classified as biological species because their phenotypic divergence exceeds that found in many sympatric species. The revised taxonomic status of Javanthalassinainvites a reconsideration of its threat status. Based on its restricted range, extreme rarity and threats by bird trapping and habitat destruction, we consider the Javan Green Magpie as globally Critically Endangered.
Melanocortin-4 receptor in the medial amygdala regulates emotional stress-induced anxiety-like behaviour, anorexia and corticosterone secretion
Authors: Liu Jing , Garza Jacob C. , Li Wei , Lu Xin-Yun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe central melanocortin system has been implicated in emotional stress-induced anxiety, anorexia and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the underlying neural substrates have not been identified. The medial amygdala (MeA) is highly sensitive to emotional stress and expresses high levels of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). This study investigated the effects of activation and blockade of MC4R in the MeA on anxiety-like behaviour, food intake and corticosterone secretion. We demonstrate that MC4R-expressing neurons in the MeA were activated by acute restraint stress, as indicated by induction of c-fos mRNA expression. Infusion of a selective MC4R agonist into the MeA elicited anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze test and decreased food intake. In contrast, local MeA infusion of SHU 9119, a MC4R antagonist, blocked restraint stress-induced anxiogenic and anorectic effects. Moreover, plasma corticosterone levels were increased by intra-MeA infusion of the MC4R agonist under non-stressed conditions and restraint stress-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone levels was attenuated by pretreatment with SHU 9119 in the MeA. Thus, stimulating MC4R in the MeA induces stress-like anxiogenic and anorectic effects as well as activation of the HPA axis, whereas antagonizing MC4R in this region blocks such effects induced by restraint stress. Together, our results implicate MC4R signalling in the MeA in behavioural and endocrine responses to stress.
Multi‐payload measurement of transverse velocity shears in the topside ionosphere
Authors: Lundberg E. T. , Kintner P. M. , Lynch K. A. , Mella M. R. 
Published: December 2011

Using a multi‐payload sounding rocket mission, we present the first direct measurement of velocity shear in the topside auroral ionosphere. In regions of large, ∼200 mV/m, transient electric fields we directly measure differences in the plasma drift velocity. From these differences, shear frequencies reaching ±6Hz are measured. These directly measured shears are compared with the shear inferred from single payload measurements. It is shown this traditional measurement of shear overestimates the shear frequency by a factor of two for this event, highlighting the importance of the temporal component of near‐DC electric field structures. Coincident with these strong fields and shears are enhanced emissions of broadband, extremely low frequency (BB‐ELF) plasma waves, and a narrowband wave emission near the H+‐O+bi‐ion resonant frequency.
Perspectives: A Process Approach to Social Communication for Adolescents With Asperger's Syndrome Using Radio Interviewing
Authors: Thrasher Amy , Wilger Jennifer , Goldman Matthew , Whitlatch Catharine 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Perspectives program is a unique collaborative social communication intervention for adolescents with Asperger's syndrome and similar learning profiles. Clinicians use radio interviews as the vehicle to explicitly teach the process of social communication. Social skill objectives are addressed through this process approach, which was adapted from the framework of Social Thinking (Winner, 2002)
Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance
Authors: Aveyard Paul , Begh Rachna , Parsons Amanda , West Robert 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  This study aimed to assess the effects of opportunistic brief physician advice to stop smoking and offer of assistance on incidence of attempts to stop and quit success in smokers not selected by motivation to quit.Methods  We included relevant trials from the Cochrane Reviews of physician advice for smoking cessation, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline and bupropion. We extracted data on quit attempts and quit success. Estimates were combined using the Mantel–Haentszel method and heterogeneity assessed with the I2 statistic. Study quality was assessed by method of randomization, allocation concealment and follow‐up blind to allocation.Results  Thirteen studies were included. Compared to no intervention, advice to quit on medical grounds increased the frequency of quit attempts [risk ratio (RR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.33], but not as much as behavioural support for cessation (RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.52–3.11) or offering NRT (RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.48–1.89). In a direct comparison, offering assistance generated more quit attempts than giving advice to quit on medical grounds (RR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24–2.31 for behavioural support and 1.39, 95% CI: 1.25–1.54 for offering medication). There was evidence that medical advice increased the success of quit attempts and inconclusive evidence that offering assistance increased their success.Conclusions  Physicians may be more effective in promoting attempts to stop smoking by offering assistance to all smokers than by advising smokers to quit and offering assistance only to those who express an interest in doing so.
Psidium guajava L. anti‐neoplastic effects: induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation
Authors: Bontempo P. , Doto A. , Miceli M. , Mita L. , Benedetti R. , Nebbioso A. , Veglione M. , Rigano D. , Cioffi M. , Sica V. , Molinari A. M. , Altucci L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives:  Curative properties of medicinal plants such as Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) have often been indicated by epidemiological studies on populations in which these fruits are consumed daily. However, complete characterization of the active principles responsible for this ability has never been performed. Here, we have characterized P. guajava’s anti‐cancer potential and identified the parts of the fruit involved in its anti‐neoplastic action.Materials and methods:  We studied morphology of our cells, cell cycle characteristics and apoptosis and performed immunostaining, differentiation and western blot analyses.Results:  We report that the P. guajava extract exerted anti‐cancer control on both haematological and solid neoplasias. P. guajava extract’s anti‐tumour properties were found to be tightly bound to induction of apoptosis and differentiation. Use of ex vivo myeloid leukaemia blasts corroborated that P. guajava was able to induce cell death but did not exhibit anti‐cancer effects on all malignant cells investigated, indicating selective activity against certain types of tumour. Analyses of P. guajava pulp, peel and seeds identified the pulp as being the most relevant component for causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas peel was responsible for causing cell differentiation. P. guajava itself and its pulp‐derived extract were found to induce apoptosis accompanied by caspase activation and p16, p21, Fas ligand (FASL TNF super‐family, member 6), Bcl‐2‐associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and tumour necrosis factor receptor super‐family, member 10b (DR5), overexpression.Conclusions:  Our findings showed that P. guajava L. extract was able to exert anti‐cancer activity on cultures in vitro and ex vivo, supporting the hypothesis of its anti malignant pro‐apoptotic modulation.