bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of jaw lesions and activity and gene expression of hepatic P4501A enzymes in mink (Mustela vison) exposed to dietary 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran
Authors: Bursian Steven J. , Moore Jeremy , Newsted John L. , Link Jane E. , Fitzgerald Scott D. , Bello Nora , Bhat Virunya S. , Kay Denise , Zhang Xiaowei , Wiseman Steve , Budinsky Robert A. , Giesy John P. , Zwiernik Matthew J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This study assessed the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) on the incidence of jaw lesions and on hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) endpoints in mink (Mustela vison). Adult female mink were assigned randomly to one of 13 dietary treatments (control and four increasing doses of TCDD, PeCDF, or TCDF) and provided spiked feed for approximately 150 d (60 d prior to breeding through weaning of offspring at 42 d post-parturition). Offspring were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 150 d. Activity of hepatic CYP1A enzymes in adult and juvenile mink exposed to TCDD, PeCDF, or TCDD was generally greater compared with controls, but changes in other CYP1A endpoints were less consistent. Histopathology of the mandible and maxilla of juvenile mink suggested a dose-related increase in the incidence of jaw lesions. The dietary effective doses (ED) for jaw lesions in 50% of the population (ED50) were estimated to be 6.6, 14, and 149 ng/kg body weight (bw)/d for TCDD, PeCDF, and TCDF, respectively. The relative potencies of PeCDF and TCDF compared with TCDD based on ED10, ED20, and ED50 values ranged from 0.5 to 1.9 and 0.04 to 0.09, respectively. These values are within an order of magnitude of the World Health Organization toxic equivalency factor (TEFWHO) values of 0.3 and 0.1 for PeCDF and TCDF, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2545–2556. © 2012 SETAC
Differential copy number aberrations in novel candidate genes associated with progression from in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Liao Shaoxi , Desouki Mohamed M. , Gaile Daniel P. , Shepherd Lori , Nowak Norma J. , Conroy Jeffrey , Barry William T. , Geradts Joseph 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOnly a minority of intraductal carcinomas of the breast give rise to stromally invasive disease. We microdissected 206 paraffin blocks representing 116 different cases of low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Fifty‐five were pure DCIS (PD) cases without progression to invasive carcinoma. Sixty‐one cases had a small invasive component. DNA was extracted from microdissected sections and hybridized to high‐density bacterial artificial chromosome arrays. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 118 hybridized DNA samples yielded data on 69 samples that were suitable for further statistical analysis. This cohort included 20 pure DCIS cases, 25 mixed DCIS (MD), and 24 mixed invasive carcinoma samples. PD cases had a higher frequency of DNA copy number changes than MD cases, and the latter had similar DNA profiles compared to paired invasive carcinomas. Copy number changes on 13 chromosomal arms occurred at different rates in PD versus MD lesions. Eight of 19 candidate genes residing at those loci were confirmed to have differential copy number changes by quantitative PCR. NCOR2/SMRT and NR4A1 (both on 12q), DYNLRB2 (16q), CELSR1, UPK3A, and ST13 (all on 22q) were more frequently amplified in PD. Moreover, NCOR2, NR4A1, and DYNLRB2 showed more frequent copy number losses in MD. GRAP2 (22q) was more often amplified in MD, whereas TAF1C (16q) was more commonly deleted in PD. A multigene model comprising these candidate genes discriminated between PD and MD lesions with high accuracy. These findings suggest that the propensity to invade the stroma may be encoded in the genome of intraductal carcinomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does religiousness and spirituality moderate the relations between physical and mental health among aging prisoners?
Authors: Allen Rebecca S. , Harris Grant M. , Crowther Martha R. , Oliver JoAnn S. , Cavanaugh Ronald , Phillips Laura L. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveWe examined positive and negative religious coping as moderators of the relation between physical limitations, depression, and desire for hastened death among male inmates incarcerated primarily for murder.MethodsInmates over the age of 45 years who passed a cognitive screening completed face‐to‐face interviews (N = 94; mean age = 57.7 years; SD = 10.68). Multiple regression analyses included age, race/ethnicity, parole belief, physical health, positive or negative religious coping, and all two‐way interactions represented by the product of health and a religious coping variable.ResultsOlder inmates and those who reported greater levels of positive religious coping endorsed fewer symptoms of depression, whereas those who reported greater levels of negative religious coping endorsed more symptoms of depression. Inmates who reported higher levels of depression endorsed a greater desire for hastened death. The effect of physical functioning on desire for hastened death is moderated by negative religious coping such that those who endorsed higher levels of negative religious coping reported a greater desire for hastened death.ConclusionsExaminations of religious/spiritual practices and mindfulness‐based interventions in prison research have assumed a positive stance with regard to the potential impact of religious/spiritual coping on physical and mental health. The current findings provide cautionary information that may further assist in selection of inmates for participation in such interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lubricin in human breast tissue expander capsules
Authors: Cheriyan Thomas , Guo Lifei , Orgill Dennis P. , Padera Robert F. , Schmid Thomas M. , Spector Myron 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCapsular contraction is the most common complication of breast reconstruction surgery. While presence of the contractile protein alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) is considered among the causes of capsular contraction, the exact etiology and pathophysiology is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role of lubricin in capsular formation and contraction by determining the presence and distribution of the lubricating protein lubricin in human breast tissue expander capsules. Related aims were to evaluate select histopathologic features of the capsules, and the percentage of cells expressing α‐SMA, which reflects the myofibroblast phenotype. Capsules from tissue expanders were obtained from eight patients. Lubricin, at the tissue‐implant interface, in the extracellular matrix, and in cells, and α‐SMA‐containing cells were evaluated immunohistochemically. The notable finding was that lubricin was identified in all tissue expander capsules: as a discrete layer at the tissue‐implant interface, extracellular, and intracellular. There was a greater amount of lubricin in the extracellular matrix in the intimal‐subintimal zone when compared with the tissue away from the implant. Varying degrees of synovial metaplasia were seen at the tissue‐implant interface. α‐SMA‐containing cells were also seen in all but one patient. The findings might help us better understand factors involved in capsule formation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Vitamin D binding protein is a key determinant of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in infants and toddlers
Authors: Carpenter Thomas O , Zhang Jane H , Parra Esteban , Ellis Bruce K , Simpson Christine , Lee William M , Balko Jody , Fu Lei , Wong Betty Y-L , Cole David EC 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels vary among human populations. Only limited information regarding determinants of these measures is available for infants and children, particularly in minority groups at greatest risk for vitamin D deficiency. We identified demographic determinants of circulating 25-OHD in a large cohort of minority children, and now extend our studies to examine potential roles of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) as a determinant of 25-OHD levels. Serum DBP level and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions 432 and 436 in the GC gene, encoding DBP, were examined. We confirmed self-reported ancestry using ancestry informative markers (AIMs), and included quantitative AIMs scores in the analysis. The multivariate model incorporated previously identified demographic and nutritional determinants of 25-OHD in this cohort, as well as GC SNPs and circulating DBP. Genetic variants in GC differed by self-reported ancestry. The 1f allele (D432/T436) was enriched in African Americans, occurring in 71%. Homozygosity for the 1f allele (DDTT) occurred in 53% of African Americans but only 6% of Caucasians and 13% of Hispanics. Circulating DBP was significantly correlated with 25-OHD. GC SNPs were associated with both circulating DBP and 25-OHD. It appears that progressive substitution of lysine for threonine at the 436 position results in lower circulating 25-OHD. Multivariate analysis revealed that genetic variance in GC significantly contributes to circulating DBP as well as 25-OHD. Moreover, the effect of GC SNPs on 25-OHD are evident after adjusting for their effects on circulating DBP. Thus in young children genetic variance of the common GC T436K SNP affects circulating levels of the DBP protein, which in turn affects circulating 25-OHD. However, the GC genotype also affects circulating 25-OHD independently of its effect on circulating DBP. These findings provide data that may be important in the interpretation of vitamin D status in children of varying ancestral backgrounds. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
In vivo impact of Dlx3 conditional inactivation in neural crest‐derived craniofacial bones
Authors: Duverger Olivier , Isaac Juliane , Zah Angela , Hwang Joonsung , Berdal Ariane , Lian Jane B. , Morasso Maria I. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMutations in DLX3 in humans lead to defects in craniofacial and appendicular bones, yet the in vivo activities related to Dlx3 function during normal skeletal development have not been fully elucidated. Here we used a conditional knockout approach to analyze the effects of neural crest deletion of Dlx3 on craniofacial bones development. At birth, mutant mice exhibit a normal overall positioning of the skull bones, but a change in the shape of the calvaria was observed. Molecular analysis of the genes affected in the frontal bones and mandibles from these mice identified several bone markers known to affect bone development, with a strong prediction for increased bone formation and mineralization in vivo. Interestingly, while a subset of these genes were similarly affected in frontal bones and mandibles (Sost, Mepe, Bglap, Alp, Ibsp, Agt), several genes, including Lect1 and Calca, were specifically affected in frontal bones. Consistent with these molecular alterations, cells isolated from the frontal bone of mutant mice exhibited increased differentiation and mineralization capacities ex vivo, supporting cell autonomous defects in neural crest cells. However, adult mutant animals exhibited decreased bone mineral density in both mandibles and calvaria, as well as a significant increase in bone porosity. Together, these observations suggest that mature osteoblasts in the adult respond to signals that regulate adult bone mass and remodeling. This study provides new downstream targets for Dlx3 in craniofacial bone, and gives additional evidence of the complex regulation of bone formation and homeostasis in the adult skeleton. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 654–664, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective intraoperative stimulation of the human larynx
Authors: Broniatowski Michael , Grundfest‐Broniatowski Sharon , Hahn Elizabeth C. , Hadley Aaron J. , Tyler Dustin J. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngeal contraction normally entails activation of mutually cooperative intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs). Unfortunately, standard stimulating methods do not completely mimic the normal ongoing synchrony between the muscles. We submit that this problem can be addressed by modifying the stimulating waveform.Study Design:This study extends prior canine research to the human using quasitrapezoidal (QT) currents instead of standard square waves, which while valuable incompletely express normal ILM interactions.Methods:In two patients undergoing laryngectomy for cancer, the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the uninvolved side received QT pulses (4 Hz, 60–2,000 μA, 100–500 μs width, 0–500‐μs decay) via a bipolar cuff electrode. Pairs of needle electrodes placed into the posterior cricoarytenoideus (PCA), lateral cricoarytenoideus (LCA), and thyroarytenoideus (TA) were used to record electromyography amplitudes, and waveforms were analyzed by a specially designed computer program.Results:With activity from square waves serving as control, we observed statistically significant (P < .05) shifts in mutual relationships among PCA, LCA, and TA for an array of specific QT configurations.Conclusions:Our preliminary data on selective ILM manipulation offer promise for improved dynamic control of faulty laryngeal contraction patterns.
Embelin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through the suppression of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades
Authors: Kim Seong Won , Kim Sung‐Moo , Bae Hang , Nam Dongwoo , Lee Jun‐Hee , Lee Seok‐Geun , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Ahn Kyoo Seok , Choi Seung‐Hoon , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAkt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascades play an important role both in the survival and proliferation of tumor cells.METHODSIn the present study, we investigated the effects of embelin (EB), identified primarily from the Embelia ribes plant, on the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 activation, associated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells.RESULTSEB exerted significant cytotoxic and suppressive effects on Akt and mTOR activation against androgen‐independent PC‐3 cells as compared to androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells. Moreover, EB suppressed the constitutive activation of Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascade, which correlated with the induction of apoptosis as characterized by accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, survivin, IAP‐1, and IAP‐2) and proliferative (cyclin D1) proteins, activation of caspase‐3, and cleavage of PARP. We also observed that EB can significantly enhance the apoptotic effects of a specific pharmacological Akt inhibitor when used in combination and also caused broad inhibition of all the three kinases in Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling axis in PC‐3 cells.CONCLUSIONSEB inhibits multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and can be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 296–305, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen isotope exchange with quartz during pyrolysis of silver sulfate and silver nitrate
Authors: Schauer Andrew J. , Kunasek Shelley A. , Sofen Eric D. , Erbland Joseph , Savarino Joel , Johnson Ben W. , Amos Helen M. , Shaheen Robina , Abaunza Mariana , Jackson Terri L. , Thiemens Mark H. , Alexander Becky 
Published: August 2012

RATIONALETriple oxygen isotopes of sulfate and nitrate are useful metrics for the chemistry of their formation. Existing measurement methods, however, do not account for oxygen atom exchange with quartz during the thermal decomposition of sulfate. We present evidence for oxygen atom exchange, a simple modification to prevent exchange, and a correction for previous measurements.METHODSSilver sulfates and silver nitrates with excess 17O were thermally decomposed in quartz and gold (for sulfate) and quartz and silver (for nitrate) sample containers to O2 and byproducts in a modified Temperature Conversion/Elemental Analyzer (TC/EA). Helium carries O2 through purification for isotope‐ratio analysis of the three isotopes of oxygen in a Finnigan MAT253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer.RESULTSThe Δ17O results show clear oxygen atom exchange from non‐zero 17O‐excess reference materials to zero 17O‐excess quartz cup sample containers. Quartz sample containers lower the Δ17O values of designer sulfate reference materials and USGS35 nitrate by 15% relative to gold or silver sample containers for quantities of 2–10 µmol O2.CONCLUSIONSPrevious Δ17O measurements of sulfate that rely on pyrolysis in a quartz cup have been affected by oxygen exchange. These previous results can be corrected using a simple linear equation (Δ17Ogold = Δ17Oquartz * 1.14 + 0.06). Future pyrolysis of silver sulfate should be conducted in gold capsules or corrected to data obtained from gold capsules to avoid obtaining oxygen isotope exchange‐affected data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical considerations for the use of pollen δ13C value as a paleoclimate indicator
Authors: King D. Caleb , Schubert Brian A. , Jahren A. Hope 
Published: August 2012

RATIONALEWorkers have shown a correlation between temperature and the pollen δ13C value, and therefore suggested using pollen δ13C values to reconstruct paleotemperature. To evaluate the potential for pollen δ13C values to be used as a paleotemperature proxy, it is essential to quantify the variability in pollen δ13C values and to evaluate the effect of temperature on pollen δ13C values, in isolation, under controlled environmental conditions.METHODSPollen was isolated from 146 Hibiscus flowers from 26 plants within a single climate environment to evaluate isotopic variability in pollen δ13C values. The nearest leaf (n = 82) and flower phloem (n = 30) were also sampled to measure the δ13C variability in carbon providing the raw material for new growth. To evaluate the correlation between temperature and pollen δ13C values, we isolated pollen from 89 Brassica rapa plants grown in controlled growth chambers with temperatures ranging from 17 to 32°C.RESULTSThe range in pollen δ13C values collected from different flowers on the same Hibiscus plant was large (average = 1.6‰), and could be as much as 3.2‰. This amount of variability was similar to that seen between flower‐adjacent leaves, and phloem extracted from styles of individual flowers. In controlled growth chamber experiments, we saw no correlation between temperature and the pollen (R2 = 0.005) or leaf (R2 = 0.10) δ13C values.CONCLUSIONSWe measured large variability in pollen δ13C values. When temperature was isolated from other environmental parameters, temperature did not correlate with the pollen δ13C value. These results complicate the supposed relationship between temperature and pollen δ13C values and caution against using nanogram isotope analytical techniques for characterizing whole‐plant individuals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P2Y receptors and kidney function
Authors: Vallon Volker , Stockand James , Rieg Timo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCellular release of nucleotides is of physiological importance to regulate and maintain cell function and integrity. Also in the tubular and collecting duct system of the kidney, nucleotides are released in response to changes in cell volume or luminal flow rate and act in a paracrine and autocrine way on basolateral and luminal P2Y receptors. Recent studies using gene knockout mice assigned a prominent role to G protein‐coupled P2Y2 receptors, which are activated by both ATP and UTP. The antidiuretic hormone, arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), and possibly an increase in collecting duct cell volume induce ATP release. The subsequent activation of P2Y2 receptors inhibits AVP‐induced cAMP formation and water reabsorption, which stabilizes cell volume and facilitates water excretion. An increase in NaCl intake enhances luminal release of ATP and UTP in the aldosterone‐sensitive distal nephron which by activating apical P2Y2 receptors and phospholipase C lowers the open probability of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC, thereby facilitating sodium excretion. Thus, the renal ATP/UTP/P2Y2 receptor system not only serves to preserve cell volume and integrity but is also regulated by stimuli that derive from body NaCl homeostasis. The system also inhibits ENaC activity during aldosterone escape, i.e., when sodium reabsorption via ENaC is inappropriately high. The P2Y2 receptor tone inhibits the expression and activity of the Na–K–2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb and mediates vasodilation. While the role of other P2Y receptors in the kidney is less clear, the ATP/UTP/P2Y2receptor system regulates NaCl and water homeostasis and blood pressure. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:731–742. doi: 10.1002/wmts.61For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Shedding light on nanomedicine
Authors: Tong Rong , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLight is an electromagnetic radiation that can convert its energy into different forms (e.g., heat, chemical energy, and acoustic waves). This property has been exploited in phototherapy (e.g., photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT)) and optical imaging (e.g., fluorescence imaging) for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Light‐controlled therapies can provide minimally‐ or noninvasive spatiotemporal control as well as deep tissue penetration. Nanotechnology provides numerous advantages, including selective targeting of tissues, prolongation of therapeutic effect, protection of active payloads, and improved therapeutic indices. This review explores the advances that nanotechnology can bring to light‐based therapies and diagnostics, and vice versa, including photo‐triggered systems, nanoparticles containing photoactive molecules, and nanoparticles that are themselves photoactive. Limitations of light‐based therapies such as photic injury and phototoxicity are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:638–662. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1188This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Modelling Cerebrovascular Reactivity: A Novel Near-Infrared Biomarker of Cerebral Autoregulation?
Authors: Highton David , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Ghosh Arnab , Tachtsidis Ilias , Banaji Murad , Elwell Clare , Smith Martin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Understanding changes in cerebral oxygenation, haemodynamics and metabolism holds the key to individualised, optimised therapy after acute brain injury. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the potential for non-invasive, continuous bedside measurement of surrogates for these processes. Interest has grown in applying this technique to interpret cerebrovascular pressure reactivity (CVPR), a surrogate of the brain’s ability to autoregulate blood flow. We describe a physiological model-based approach to NIRS interpretation which predicts autoregulatory efficiency from a model parameter k_aut. Data from three critically brain-injured patients exhibiting a change in CVPR were investigated. An optimal value for k_aut was determined to minimise the difference between measured and simulated outputs. Optimal values for k_aut appropriately tracked changes in CVPR under most circumstances. Further development of this technique could be used to track CVPR providing targets for individualised management of patients with altered vascular reactivity, minimising secondary neurological insults.