bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational methods for climate data
Authors: El‐Askary Hesham , Allali Mohamed , Rakovski Cyril , Prasad Anup , Kafatos Menas , Struppa Daniele 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAs climate changes, regional responses may become more apparent; impacts often can become natural hazards, adversely affecting millions of people, on all continents and most nations. The coupling of hazards to climate change scenarios is a great challenge of climate change science. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to observe, simulate and ultimately understand this coupling, for the benefit of society and sustainability of the Earth's environment. Different applied mathematical techniques have been used to discern real effects of these changes and study long term trends. Moreover, those techniques can be applied in addressing the intensity and frequency of extreme events associated with climate change at regional scales and would be an important step in facing future extreme events associated with climate change. Computational methods include applying statistical data analysis, mesoscale and climate simulations while assisting modeling efforts with satellite based observations. Predictive analytics platforms would be very useful for assessing impacts of climate variability and change on the frequency and intensity of extreme events and how these extreme events can affect water and air quality issues globally. These tools are an innovative technology that applies data mining methods, predictive models, analysis and reporting to data, without the inherent limitations of current On Line Analytical Processing tools that suffer from cube rigidity, database explosion and dimensional constriction. Climate‐induced changes are complex and vary across a wide range of dimensions. An important part of predictive analytics platforms are their unlimited dimensionality and the segmentation of data by ‘physical’ or ‘performance’ characteristics. For example, a physical dimension might be the climate divisions in the state of California. A performance dimension could be the arithmetical, mathematical, or statistical segmentation of data based on its performance with regard to time.WIREs Comput Stat2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1213This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Climate Change and Numerical Weather ForecastingApplications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and CodingData: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Visual acuity of dentists under simulated clinical conditions
Authors: Eichenberger Martina , Perrin Philippe , Neuhaus Klaus W. , Bringolf Ueli , Lussi Adrian 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the near visual acuity of dentists in relation to age and magnification under simulated clinical conditions.

Materials and methods
Miniaturized visual tests were performed in posterior teeth of a dental phantom head in a simulated clinical setting (dental chair, operating lamp, dental mirror). The visual acuity of 40 dentists was measured under the following conditions: (1) natural visual acuity, distance of 300 mm; (2) natural visual acuity, free choice of distance; (3) Galilean loupes, magnification of ×2.5; (4) Keplerian loupes, ×4.3; (5) operating microscope, ×4, integrated light; (6) operating microscope, ×6.4, integrated light.

Results
The visual acuity varied widely between individuals and was significantly lower in the group ≥40 years of age (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between all tested conditions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a correlation between visual acuity and age was found for all conditions. The performance with the microscope was better than with loupes even with comparable magnification factors. Some dentists had a better visual acuity without optical aids than others with Galilean loupes.

Conclusions
Near visual acuity under simulated clinical conditions varies widely between individuals and decreases throughout life. Visual deficiencies can be compensated for with optical aids.

Clinical relevance
Newly developed miniaturized vision tests have allowed, in a clinically relevant way, to evaluate the influence of magnification and age on the near visual acuity of dentists.
The Circulating Nurse's Role in Error Recovery in the Cardiovascular OR
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Henry Linda , Dellinger Mary , Yonish Kersten , Emerson Brett , Seifert Patricia C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNursing surveillance, an essential component of perioperative practice, includes the detection of and recovery from errors. However, error recovery is considered routine during nursing care and may go under‐recognized. This study assessed the types of errors or potential errors that were detected and recovered by the circulating nurse during care of patients undergoing coronary artery or valve surgery. From June to September 2010, perioperative nurses observed 18 surgical procedures. An average of 11.11 errors or incidents occurred per procedure; however, 77% of all incidents were intercepted and the other 23% were either mitigated or ameliorated so no adverse outcomes occurred. This study demonstrates that nurses play an important role in ensuring patient safety and reinforces the necessity of vigilance in the OR, especially in regard to aseptic technique and surgical prepping.
Leptospirosis following a major flood in Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: SMITH J. K. G. , YOUNG M. M. , WILSON K. L. , CRAIG S. B. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThroughout December 2010 and January 2011, Queensland experienced widespread flooding due to unusually protracted and heavy rainfalls. In mid-January 2011, four individuals from a small community in Central Queensland were hospitalized with leptospirosis. A further five cases were subsequently identified from around Central Queensland, bringing the total to nine. Microscopic agglutination testing found that serovar Arborea (Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Arborea) was presumptively responsible for leptospirosis in seven of nine confirmed cases. Serovars Hardjo and Australis were identified in samples from two remaining cases. All cases had exposure to flood water. No single exposure source was identified. This is the first reported outbreak of leptospirosis in Central Queensland and the first report of leptospirosis cases associated with flood water inundation in Queensland. Public health authorities should continue to promote awareness of leptospirosis in flood-affected populations. Healthcare providers must maintain a high level of suspicion for leptospirosis during and after flood events.
Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year
Authors: Abraham Elizheeba C , Godwin Jon , Sherriff Andrea , Armstrong Julie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations of early infant feeding with (i) eating patterns in the second year of life and (ii) weight status in the fourth year of life in a prospective cohort of children in Scotland.DesignGrowing Up in Scotland (GUS) longitudinal birth cohort study (2005–2008).SettingScotland, UK.SubjectsChildren aged 9–12 months (n 5217) followed through to 45–48 months.ResultsInfant feeding was associated with eating patterns, defined by using SPSS two-step cluster analysis, in the second year of life. Children who were ever breast-fed compared with never breast-fed (adjusted OR = 1·48, 95 % CI 1·27, 1·73) were more likely to have a positive eating pattern (Cluster 2). Children who started complementary feeding at 4–5 months or 6–10 months compared with 0–3 months (adjusted OR = 1·32, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·59 or AOR = 1·50, 95 % CI 1·19, 1·89) were more likely to belong to Cluster 2. Breast-feeding was negatively associated with being overweight or obese in the fourth year of life compared with no breast-feeding (adjusted OR = 0·81, 95 % CI 0·81, 1·01). Introduction of complementary feeding at 4–5 months compared with 0–3 months was negatively associated with being overweight or obese (adjusted OR = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·57, 0·97).ConclusionsBreast-feeding and introduction of complementary feeding after 4 months were associated with a positive eating pattern in the second year of life. Introduction of complementary feeding at 4–5 months compared with 0–3 months was negatively associated with being overweight or obese.
Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bettermann Kerstin , Slocomb Julia E. 
Published: May 2012

Approximately 1.4 million people in the United States sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, resulting in more than 235 000 hospitalizations and 50 000 deaths. An estimated 5.3 million Americans have current long-term disabilities as a result of TBI, which results in an estimated $60 billion in healthcare expenditures. Mild TBI (mTBI), which accounts for 80% to 90% of all cases, is the most prevalent form of brain injury in athletes. Many of these traumas still remain undetected, as they are difficult to diagnose. New biomarkers of TBI may allow more rapid diagnosis of TBI, improving early identification and treatment, and could help to predict clinical outcome. The field of TBI biomarkers is rapidly evolving. This chapter will discuss some of the most clinically relevant biomarkers for TBI that have been recently studied in human subjects.
Towards Biomolecular Simulations with Explicit Inclusion of Polarizability: Development of a CHARMM Polarizable Force Field based on the Classical Drude Oscillator Model
Authors: Baker C. M. , Darian E. , MacKerell Jr A. D. 
Published: May 2012

Molecular dynamics simulations, based on molecular mechanics force fields, have been instrumental in increasing our understanding of a range of biomolecular systems. Most of the force fields commonly used for the simulation of biomolecules, however, represent electrostatic properties by a set of fixed partial atomic charges and are referred to as additive force fields. This approach is problematic because it does not explicitly include polarizability, an important component of the electrostatic interaction arising from the response of the molecular dipoles to an external electric field.To overcome this problem, multiple efforts are currently underway to develop force fields including an explicit representation of polarizability: one such effort is the CHARMM Drude polarizable force field. In this chapter, we begin by discussing the development and implementation of the theory associated with the Drude model, as well as a robust scheme for parameter optimization. This is followed by discussion of the way in which these tools are being used to optimize a polarizable force field for the simulation of biomolecules. The primary focus has been the development of parameters for small molecule analogues of functional groups present within biomolecules, but is shifting to the optimization of covalent connections between these small molecules, and testing of the resulting parameters in fully hydrated biomolecules. For the nucleic acids a case study is presented, illustrating that the polarizable force field already reveals atomic-level details not observed with an additive force field.
Contrasts in Habitat Characteristics and Life History Patterns of Oncorhynchus mykiss in California's Central Coast and Central Valley
Authors: Sogard Susan M. , Merz Joseph E. , Satterthwaite William H. , Beakes Michael P. , Swank David R. , Collins Erin M. , Titus Robert G. , Mangel Marc 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOncorhynchus mykiss exhibit high plasticity in their life history patterns. Individual life history decisions are hypothesized to result from genetic thresholds shaped by local adaptation, with variation in environmental factors influencing the trajectories of growth and condition (e.g., Fulton's K, lipid content). We compared growth rates and life history patterns in two coastal creeks (Scott and Soquel) and two Central Valley (CV) rivers (American and Mokelumne) in California. The two regions differed markedly in habitat and physical factors, including hydrograph timing and amplitude, temperature regime, and food availability (measured as drift). Growth rates of coastal age‐0 fish averaged 0.1 mm/d in summer–fall and 0.2 mm/d in winter–spring. Growth rates of CV fish were up to 10 times faster than those of fish on the coast and had the opposite seasonal pattern, in which growth in summer–fall was faster than that in winter–spring. Fish growth also differed between CV rivers; the mean growth rates were 1.0 mm/d in summer–fall and 0.7 mm/d in winter–spring among American River fish and 0.7 mm/d in summer–fall and 0.5 mm/d in winter–spring among Mokelumne River fish. The life history expression and age structures of O. mykiss in the coastal creeks were similar, with populations being dominated by age‐0 fish but including mature residents up to age 6. The two CV populations were strikingly different in life history expression. In the American River, a single cohort was present and nearly all fish emigrated in the spring following their birth year. In the Mokelumne River, a broad diversity of ages (up to 4 years) was present, with a large proportion of presumed residents. The observed variation in life histories aligned with predictions based on state‐dependent life history models developed for the four streams, further demonstrating the adaptability of O. mykiss to contrasting rearing environments.
Dynamics of neutral gas depletion investigated by time- and space-resolved measurements of xenon atom ground state density
Authors: Liard L , Aanesland A , Chabert P 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The dynamics of neutral gas depletion in high-density plasmas is investigated by time- and space-resolved measurements of the xenon ground state density. Two-photon absorbed laser induced fluorescence experiments were carried out in a helicon reactor operating at 10 mTorr in xenon gas. When the plasma is magnetized, a plasma column is formed from the bottom of the chamber up to the pumping region. In this situation it is found that two phenomena, with different time scales, are responsible for the neutral gas depletion. The magnetized plasma column is ignited in a short (millisecond) time scale leading to a neutral gas depletion at the discharge centre and to an increase of neutral gas density at the reactor walls. This is explained both by neutral gas heating and by the rise of the plasma pressure at the discharge centre. Then, on a much longer (second) time scale, the overall neutral gas density in the reactor decreases due to higher pumping efficiency when the magnetized plasma column is ignited. The pumping enhancement is not observed when the plasma is not magnetized, probably because in this case the dense plasma column vanishes and the plasma is more localized near the antenna.
Cloned IGH VDJ targets as tools for personalized minimal residual disease monitoring in mature lymphoid malignancies; a feasibility study in mantle cell lymphoma by the Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucémies et Autres Maladies du Sang
Authors: Gimenez Estelle , Chauvet Martine , Rabin Laetitia , Puteaud Isabelle , Duley Samuel , Hamaidia Sieme , Bruder Juliana , Rolland‐Neyret Valérie , Le Gouill Steven , Tournilhac Olivier , Voog Eric , Maisonneuve Hervé , Jacob Marie C. , Leroux Dominique , Béné Marie C. , Formisano‐Tréziny Christine , Gabert Jean , Gressin Rémy , Callanan Mary B. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMolecular minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis is fast emerging as an essential clinical decision‐making tool for the treatment and follow‐up of mature B cell malignancies. Current EuroMRD consensus IGH real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction RQ‐PCR assays rely on flow cytometric assessment of diagnostic tumour burdens to construct ‘normalized’, patient‐specific, diagnostic DNA‐based MRD quantification standards. Here, we propose a new ‘hybrid’ assay that relies on plasmid‐based quantification of patient‐specific IGH VDJ targets by consensus IGH real time (RQ)‐PCR, combined with EuroMRD guidelines, for MRD monitoring in lymphoid malignancies. This assay was evaluated for MRD assessment in a total of 273 samples from 29 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients treated within a Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucémies et Autres Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) Phase II trial and was feasible, reliable and consistently comparable to gold‐standard MRD techniques (99% concordance across all samples including 32 samples within the quantitative range) when analysed in parallel (117 samples). Integrating clinical prognostic parameters and MRD status in peripheral blood at the post‐induction stage was predictive of progression‐free survival (P = 0·034) thus demonstrating the clinical utility of the approach. Plasmid‐based standards for the quantification of IGH VDJ targets are therefore confirmed to offer new opportunities for further standardization and clinical evaluation of MRD‐guided management of patients with mature B cell malignancies.
Incidence of severe congenital neutropenia in Sweden and risk of evolution to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia
Authors: Carlsson Göran , Fasth Anders , Berglöf Elisabet , Lagerstedt‐Robinson Kristina , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Palmblad Jan , Henter Jan‐Inge , Fadeel, Bengt 
Published: May 2012

SummarySevere congenital neutropenia (SCN) is characterized by low blood neutrophil counts, early bacterial infections, and risk of leukaemia development. As yet, no population‐based incidence estimates of SCN have been reported. Children less than 16 years of age with SCN were sought in Sweden during the 20‐year period 1987–2006 by a questionnaire to all Swedish Departments of Paediatrics and by reviewing the Swedish Health and Welfare Statistical Databases. Thirty‐two patients were diagnosed with congenital neutropenia during this period. All received treatment with recombinant granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF). Twenty‐one patients were diagnosed as SCN or probable SCN, corresponding to 1·0 per 100 000 live births. Nine (43%) had ELANE mutations, four (19%) HAX1 mutations and eight (38%) were children with disease of unknown genetic aetiology. Four out of 21 patients (19%) developed myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia and three (14%) died, all with leukaemia. The cumulative incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia was 31%. The observed incidence of SCN in this population‐based study was higher than previously estimated, possibly because genetic testing now can identify SCN cases previously thought to be idiopathic or benign neutropenia. The risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia is considerable. ELANE mutations are the most commonly identified genetic defects.
Mating or ovipositing? A crucial decision in the life history of the cabbage aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh)
Authors: KANT RASHMI , MINOR MARIA , TREWICK STEVE 
Published: May 2012

1. The reproductive fitness of a parasitoid depends on its mating and ovipositing success. Virgin haplodiploid females can reproduce, but produce only males, and may diminish fitness by producing more male offspring than required. Therefore, females must decide on whether to mate or oviposit first.2. This study was conducted to assess the mating versus ovipositing decision and its impact on the reproductive fitness of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphididae), an endoparasitoid of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).3. When newly emerged females were given a choice between mating and ovipositing, about 62% of D. rapae females preferred to mate before ovipositing. Those females who oviposited before mating parasitised only 10% of the available aphids. After mating, females superparasitised their hosts with fertilised eggs, which resulted in a highly female‐biased sex ratio in the offspring.4. Mating success was very high (91%) in the presence of hosts (cabbage aphid nymphs) compared with that in the absence of aphids. However, mating success was not influenced by the quality (size) of the hosts present in the mating arena, despite a parasitoid preference for larger hosts during oviposition. The time between pairing and mating was also shorter in the presence of host aphids. The mean number of aphids parasitised and the parasitism rate were significantly greater after mating.
Influence of macronutrient imbalance on native ant foraging and interspecific interactions in the field
Authors: PETRY WILLIAM K. , PERRY KAYLA I. , MOONEY KAILEN A. 
Published: May 2012

1. Ants interact with a diversity of organisms. These interactions, coupled with their abundance, cause ants to have ecologically important effects across multiple trophic levels.2. Empirical study of ant nutritional ecology has led to the prediction that a macronutrient imbalance will affect ant behaviour and interspecific interactions that underlie these broad‐scale effects. Excess carbohydrate relative to protein is predicted to increase ant aggressiveness, predatory tendency and foraging activity, and to decrease collection of hemipteran honeydew and plant nectar.3. In field experiments conducted in 2009 and 2010, captive colony fragments of a native ant, Formica podzolica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were provided with either simulated prey or carbohydrate solution ad libitum. Foraging behaviours and interactions with flowers, myrmecophilous aphids and aphid natural enemies on wild‐grown plants were documented.4. Strong effects of macronutrient imbalance on foraging manifested quickly and consistently across colonies; in accordance with predictions, prey‐fed foragers collected both honeydew and floral nectar, whereas carbohydrate‐fed ants ceased collecting these resources. Counter to predictions, carbohydrate‐fed ants dramatically lowered their activity levels and did not prey upon aphids.5. Ants had no effect on aphid enemies in 2009, when the latter were relatively rare, but decreased their abundance in 2010. Despite this protection, the net effect of ants on aphids was negative (measured only in 2009). Prey‐fed ants demonstrated a strong preference for honeydew over floral nectar, thus demonstrating that a macronutrient imbalance may lead to different interactions with similar resources.6. This study links ant nutrition and community ecology by demonstrating the rapid, asymmetric and multitrophic consequences of nutritionally mediated behaviour.