bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education, Zip Code-based Annualized Household Income, and Health Outcomes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: JOLLY MEENAKSHI , MIKOLAITIS RACHEL A. , SHAKOOR NAJIA , FOGG LOUIS F. , BLOCK JOEL A. 
Published: April 2010

Objective.To determine the association of socioeconomic status [SES; education and zip code-based annual household income (Z-AHI)] and ethnicity with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Data on 211 subjects from a cross-sectional study (LupusPRO©) using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 questionnaire to evaluate physical health scores (PCS) and mental health scores were used to obtain education and zip code. The 2000 US Census was used to obtain each zip code’s median annual household income.Results.Education and Z-AHI correlated with PCS (education standardized β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.47, 3.65, p = 0.01, r2 = 0.03; Z-AHI standardized β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.57, 8.30, p = 0.02, r2 = 0.02) on regression analysis. Z-AHI was linked to PCS, independent of education. Ethnicity was associated with PCS through disease activity and SES.Conclusion.SES is associated with HRQOL in SLE. Z-AHI and education are equally predictive surrogates of SES; however, Z-AHI, independent of education, was predictive of HRQOL. Z-AHI has less subject bias and is easily obtainable, therefore its use for future HRQOL studies is suggested.
The Role of Skin-Derived Dendritic Cells in CD8+ T Cell Priming Following Immunization with Lentivectors
Authors: Furmanov Karina , Elnekave Mazal , Lehmann Dan , Clausen Bjorn E. , Kotton Darrell N. , Hovav Avi-Hai 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Although skin dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to directly present Ag to CD8+ T cells after intradermal immunization with lentivectors, the contribution of the different skin DC subsets to this process remains unclear. Using langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice we demonstrated that ablation of langerhans cells and langerin-expressing positive dermal DCs (Ln+dDCs) did not interfere with the generation of CD8+ T cells by lentiviral vectors. Consistent with these findings, the absence of langerhans cells and Ln+dDCs did not hamper the presentation level of lentiviral-derived Ag by skin DCs in vitro. We further demonstrated that only dDCs and Ln+dDCs were capable of presenting Ag, however, the number of dDCs migrating to the draining lymph nodes was 6-fold higher than that of Ln+dDCs. To study how the duration of DC migration influences CD8+ T cell responses, we analyzed the kinetics of Ag expression at the injection site and manipulated DC migration by excising the injected skin at various times after immunization. A low level of Ag expression was seen 1 wk after the immunization; peaked during week 2, and was considerably cleared by week 3 via a perforin-dependent fas-independent mechanism. Removing the injection site 3 or 5 d, but not 10 d, after the immunization, resulted in a reduced CD8+ T cell response. These findings suggest that dDCs are the main APCs active after intradermal lentiviral-mediated immunization, and migration of dDCs in the initial 10-d period postimmunization is required for optimal CD8+ T cell induction.
TLR4 Promotes B Cell Maturation: Independence and Cooperation with B Lymphocyte-Activating Factor
Authors: Hayashi Elize A. , Granato Alessandra , Paiva Luciana S. , Bertho Álvaro L. , Bellio Maria , Nobrega Alberto 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We have previously shown that TLR4 triggering promotes the generation of CD23+CD93+ transitional T2-like cells in vitro from mouse B cell precursors, suggesting a possible role for this receptor in B cell maturation. In this study, we perform an extensive study of cell surface markers and functional properties of B cells matured in vitro with LPS, comparatively with the well-known B cell maturation factor B lymphocyte-activating factor (BAFF). LPS increased generation of CD23+ transitional B cells in a TLR4-dependent way, upregulating IgD and CD21 and downregulating CD93, without inducing cell proliferation, in a manner essentially equivalent to BAFF. For both BAFF and LPS, functional maturation of the IgM+CD23+CD93+ cells was confirmed by their higher proliferative response to anti-CD40 plus IL-4 compared with IgM+CD23negCD93+ cells. BAFF-R-Fc–mediated neutralization experiments showed that TLR4-induced B cell maturation was independent of BAFF. Distinct from BAFF, maturation by LPS relied on the activation of canonical NF-κB pathway, and the two factors together had complementary effects, leading to higher numbers of IgM+CD23+CD93+ cells with their simultaneous addition. Importantly, BCR cross-linking abrogated the generation of CD23+ B cells by LPS or BAFF, indicating that signals mimicking central tolerance act on both systems. Addition of cyclosporin A reverted BCR-mediated inhibition, both for BAFF and LPS, suggesting similar regulation of signaling pathways by calcineurin. Finally, LPS-injected mice showed a rapid increase of mature B cells in the bone marrow, suggesting that TLR4 signaling may effectively stimulate B cell maturation in vivo, acting as an accessory stimulus in B cell development, complementary to the BAFF physiological pathway.
Intron-Containing Type I and Type III IFN Coexist in Amphibians: Refuting the Concept That a Retroposition Event Gave Rise to Type I IFNs
Authors: Qi Zhitao , Nie Pin , Secombes Chris J. , Zou Jun 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Type I and III IFNs are structurally related cytokines with similar antiviral functions. They have different genomic organizations and bind to distinct receptor complexes. It has been vigorously debated whether the recently identified intron containing IFN genes in fish and amphibians belong to the type I or III IFN family or diverged from a common ancestral gene, that subsequently gave rise to both types. In this report, we have identified intron containing type III IFN genes that are tandemly linked in the Xenopus tropicalis genome and hence demonstrate for the first time that intron containing type I and III genes diverged relatively early in vertebrate evolution, and at least by the appearance of early tetrapods, a transition period when vertebrates migrated from an aquatic environment to land. Our data also suggest that the intronless type I IFN genes seen in reptiles, birds, and mammals have originated from a type I IFN transcript via a retroposition event that led to the disappearance of intron-containing type I IFN genes in modern vertebrates. In vivo and in vitro studies in this paper show that the Xenopus type III IFNs and their cognate receptor are ubiquitously expressed in tissues and primary splenocytes and can be upregulated by stimulation with synthetic double-stranded RNA, suggesting they are involved in antiviral defense in amphibians.
An Imbalance of Two Functionally and Phenotypically Different Subsets of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Characterizes the Dysfunctional Immune Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Schwab Nicholas , Zozulya Alla L. , Kieseier Bernd C. , Toyka Klaus V. , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are instrumental in peripheral T cell tolerance and innate immunity. How pDCs control peripheral immunetolerance and local parenchymal immune response and contribute to the altered immunoregulation in autoimmune disorders in humans is poorly understood. Based on their surface markers, cytokine production, and ability to prime naive allogenic T cells, we found that purified BDCA-2+BDCA-4+ pDCs consist of at least two separate populations, which differed in their response to oligodeoxynucleotides and IFNs (IFN-β), and differently induced IL-17– or IL-10–producing T cells. To evaluate the potential immunoregulatory role of these two types of pDCs in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other human autoimmune disorders (myasthenia gravis), we studied the phenotype and regulatory function of pDCs isolated from clinically stable, untreated patients with MS (n = 16). Patients with MS showed a reversed ratio of pDC1/pDC2 in peripheral blood (4.4:1 in healthy controls, 0.69:1 in MS), a phenomenon not observed in the other autoimmune disorders. As a consequence, MS pDCs had an overall propensity to prime IL-17–secreting cells over IL-10–secreting CD4+ T cells. Immunomodulatory therapy with IFN-β induced an increase of the pDC1 population in vivo (n = 5). Our data offer a plausible explanation for the disturbed immune tolerance in MS patients and provide evidence that immunomodulatory therapy acts at the level of reconstituting homeostasis of pDC, thus reconstituting the disturbed balance.
Cutting Edge: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Is the Major CD8+ T Cell-Derived Licensing Factor for Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Min Lin , Mohammad Isa Siti Aminah Bte , Shuai Wang , Piang Cher Boon , Nih Fam Wee , Kotaka Masayo , Ruedl Christiane 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
During priming, CD8+ T lymphocytes can induce robust maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in a CD40-independent manner by secreting licensing factor(s). In this study, we isolate this so-far elusive licensing factor and identify it, surprisingly, as GM-CSF. This provides a new face for an old factor with a well-known supporting role in DC development and recruitment. Signaling through the GM-CSFR in ex vivo-purified DCs upregulated the expression of costimulatory molecules more efficiently than did any tested TLR agonist and provided a positive feedback loop in the stimulation of CD8+ T cell proliferation. Combined with a variety of microbial stimuli, GM-CSF supports the formation of potent “effector” DCs capable of secreting a variety of proinflammatory cytokines that guide the differentiation of T cells during the immune response.
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Optimize Diversity of the Conventional T Cell Repertoire during Reconstitution from Lymphopenia
Authors: Winstead Colleen J. , Reilly Cavan S. , Moon James J. , Jenkins Marc K. , Hamilton Sara E. , Jameson Stephen C. , Way Sing Sing , Khoruts Alexander 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The functional capacity of the adaptive immune system is dependent on the size and the diversity of the T cell population. In states of lymphopenia, T cells are driven to proliferate to restore the T cell population size. However, different T cell clones proliferate at different rates, and some T cells experience burst-like expansion called spontaneous lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). These T cells are likely receiving stimulation from cognate Ags and are most responsible for inflammatory pathology that can emerge in lymphopenic states. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) selectively inhibit spontaneous LIP, which may contribute to their ability to prevent lymphopenia-associated autoimmunity. We hypothesized that another potential negative consequence of unrestrained spontaneous LIP is constriction of the total T cell repertoire. We demonstrate that the absence of Foxp3+ Tregs during the period of immune reconstitution results in the development of TCR repertoire “holes” and the loss of Ag-specific responsiveness to infectious microorganisms. In contrast, the presence of Tregs during the period of immune reconstitution preserves optimal TCR diversity and foreign Ag responsiveness. This finding contrasts with the generally accepted immunosuppressive role of Tregs and provides another example of Treg activity that actually enhances immune function.
Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Rosloniec Edward F. , Cremer Michael , Kang Andrew H. , Myers Linda K. , Brand David D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe mouse model collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely studied autoimmune model of rheumatoid arthritis. In this model, autoimmune arthritis is induced by immunization with type II collagen (CII) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. This unit describes the steps necessary for the acquisition, handling, and preparation of CII, in addition to the selection of mouse strains, proper immunization technique, and methods for evaluation of the incidence and severity of arthritis. In this model, the first signs of arthritis appear approximately 21 to 28 days after immunization. The protocols in this unit should provide the investigator with all the necessary information required to reproducibly induce a high incidence of CIA in genetically susceptible strains of mice, and to critically evaluate the pathology of the disease. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 89:15.5.1‐15.5.25. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxidation Resistance of Multilayer SiC for Space Vehicle Thermal Protection Systems
Authors: Vega Bolivar Claudia Milena , Antonini Andrea , Biamino Sara , Pavese Matteo , Fino Paolo , Badini Claudio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe oxidation resistances of different kinds of SiC‐based laminates are compared. The materials under investigation are produced by tape casting of green ceramic sheets, followed by stacking of the sheets in a multilayer structure and laminate consolidation by de‐binding and sintering. Three kinds of specimens are tested: multilayer SiC with fully dense layers, multilayer SiC integrating porous layers and multilayer composites made by stacking SiC/Cf composite layers. Two kinds of chopped carbon fibres (polyamide coated and uncoated) are used for the manufacture of the composite sheets. The oxidation behaviour is investigated by simultaneous TGA–DTA–MS analysis. Specimens are also submitted to a long‐term oxidation treatment (30 h at 1 600 °C in flowing air) and their microstructure and mechanical behaviour compared before and after oxidation. This assessment shows that the integration of porous or composite layers in the multilayer architecture does not worsen the oxidation resistance. In every case the formation of a surface passivating layer prevents major degradation phenomena, so that only small changes in the mechanical features are found after oxidation.
Plasticity and Grain Boundary Diffusion at Small Grain Sizes
Authors: Wilde Gerhard , Ribbe Jens , Reglitz Gerrit , Wegner Matthias , Rösner Harald , Estrin Yuri , Zehetbauer Michael , Setman Daria , Divinski Sergiy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBulk nanostructured—or ultrafine‐grained materials are often fabricated by severe plastic deformation to break down the grain size by dislocation accumulation. Underlying the often spectacular property enhancement that forms the basis for a wide range of potential applications is a modification of the volume fraction of the grain boundaries. Yet, along with the property enhancements, several important questions arise concerning the accommodation of external stresses if dislocation‐based processes are not longer dominant at small grain sizes. One question concerns so‐called “non‐equilibrium” grain boundaries that have been postulated to form during severe deformation and that might be of importance not only for the property enhancement known already today, but also for spectacular applications in the context of, e.g., gas permeation or fast matter transport for self‐repairing structures. This contribution addresses the underlying issues by combining quantitative microstructure analysis at high resolution with grain boundary diffusion measurements.
The 1,3‐Diaminobenzene‐Derived Aminophosphine Palladium Pincer Complex {C6H3[NHP(piperidinyl)2]2Pd(Cl)} – A Highly Active Suzuki–Miyaura Catalyst with Excellent Functional Group Tolerance
Authors: Bolliger Jeanne L. , Frech Christian M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe rapidly prepared 1,3‐diaminobenzene‐derived aminophosphine pincer complex {C6H3[NHP(piperidinyl)2]2Pd(Cl)} (1) is an effective Suzuki catalyst with excellent functional group tolerance. Side‐product formations, such as homocoupling, debromation or protodeboration have only rarely been detected and if so, were in all cases below the 5% level. The presented reaction protocol is universally applicable. Experimental observations indicate that palladium nanoparticles are the catalytically active form of 1.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Quinoline and Pyridine Derivatives with Iridium‐(P‐Phos) Catalyst
Authors: Tang Wei‐Jun , Tan Jing , Xu Li‐Jin , Lam Kim‐Hung , Fan Qing‐Hua , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe use of a chiral iridium catalyst generated in situ from the (cyclooctadiene)iridium chloride dimer, [Ir(COD)Cl]2, the P‐Phos ligand [4,4′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethoxy‐3,3′‐bipyridine] and iodine (I2) for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,6‐substituted quinolines and trisubstituted pyridines [2‐substituted 7,8‐dihydroquinolin‐5(6H)‐one derivatives] is reported. The catalyst worked efficiently to hydrogenate a series of quinoline derivatives to provide chiral 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines in high yields and up to 96% ee. The hydrogenation was carried out at high S/C (substrate to catalyst) ratios of 2000–50000, reaching up to 4000 h−1 TOF (turnover frequency) and up to 43000 TON (turnover number). The catalytic activity is found to be additive‐controlled. At low catalyst loadings, decreasing the amount of additive I2 was necessary to maintain the good conversion. The same catalyst system could also enantioselectively hydrogenate trisubstituted pyridines, affording the chiral hexahydroquinolinone derivatives in nearly quantitative yields and up to 99% ee. Interestingly, increasing the amount of I2 favored high reactivity and enantioselectivity in this case. The high efficacy and enantioselectivity enable the present catalyst system of high practical potential.
A Simple Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Fu Hua , Qiao Renzhong , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have developed a simple and efficient copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylate derivatives via cascade reactions of substituted N‐(2‐halophenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetamide with alkyl 2‐cyanoacetate or malononitrile under mild conditions, and the method is of wide practical application.
Deracemisation of Mandelic Acid to Optically Pure Non‐Natural L‐Phenylglycine via a Redox‐Neutral Biocatalytic Cascade
Authors: Resch Verena , Fabian Walter M. F. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA biocatalytic redox‐neutral reaction cascade was designed for the deracemisation of racemic mandelic acid to yield optically pure L‐phenylglycine employing three enzymes. The cascade consisted of three steps: a racemisation, an enantioselective oxidation and a stereoselective reductive amination. The enantioselective oxidation of D‐mandelic acid to the corresponding oxo acid was coupled with the stereoselective reductive amination of the latter; thus the oxidation as well as the reduction reactions were performed simultaneously. The formal hydrogen abstracted in the first step – the oxidation – was consumed in the reductive amination allowing a redox‐neutral cascade due to a cascade‐internal cofactor recycling. The enantiomers of the starting material were interconverted by a racemase (mandelate racemase) ensuring that in theory 100% of the starting material can be transformed. Using this set‐up racemic mandelic acid was transformed to optically pure L‐phenylglycine (ee >97%) at 94% conversion without the requirement of any additional redox reagents in stoichiometric amounts.
Deletions of NRXN1 (neurexin‐1) predispose to a wide spectrum of developmental disorders
Authors: Ching Michael S.L. , Shen Yiping , Tan Wen‐Hann , Jeste Shafali S. , Morrow Eric M. , Chen Xiaoli , Mukaddes Nahit M. , Yoo Seung‐Yun , Hanson Ellen , Hundley Rachel , Austin Christina , Becker Ronald E. , Berry Gerard T. , Driscoll Katherine , Engle Elizabeth C. , Friedman Sandra , Gusella James F. , Hisama Fuki M. , Irons Mira B. , Lafiosca Tina , LeClair Elaine , Miller David T. , Neessen Michael , Picker Jonathan D. , Rappaport Leonard , Rooney Cynthia M. , Sarco Dean P. , Stoler Joan M. , Walsh Christopher A. , Wolff Robert R. , Zhang Ting , Nasir Ramzi H. , Wu Bai‐Lin ,   on behalf of the Children's Hospital Boston Genotype Phenotype Study Group
Published: April 2010

AbstractResearch has implicated mutations in the gene for neurexin‐1 (NRXN1) in a variety of conditions including autism, schizophrenia, and nicotine dependence. To our knowledge, there have been no published reports describing the breadth of the phenotype associated with mutations in NRXN1. We present a medical record review of subjects with deletions involving exonic sequences of NRXN1. We ascertained cases from 3,540 individuals referred clinically for comparative genomic hybridization testing from March 2007 to January 2009. Twelve subjects were identified with exonic deletions. The phenotype of individuals with NRXN1 deletion is variable and includes autism spectrum disorders, mental retardation, language delays, and hypotonia. There was a statistically significant increase in NRXN1 deletion in our clinical sample compared to control populations described in the literature (P = 8.9 × 10−7). Three additional subjects with NRXN1 deletions and autism were identified through the Homozygosity Mapping Collaborative for Autism, and this deletion segregated with the phenotype. Our study indicates that deletions of NRXN1 predispose to a wide spectrum of developmental disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selbstorganisation von Coiled‐Coils in der synthetischen Biologie: Inspiration und Fortschritt
Authors: Robson Marsden Hana , Kros Alexander 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie biologische Selbstorganisation ist ein sehr komplexer Vorgang und lässt sich im Grunde als Bottom‐up‐Synthese verstehen, die biomolekulare Bausteine von präzise festgelegter Form, Größe, Hydrophobie und Funktionalisierung zu Funktionsmaterialien zusammenfügt. Im Bereich der supramolekularen Chemie haben Wissenschaftler von den Selbstorganisationsvorgängen in der Natur gelernt, wie sich das Zusammenspiel vieler kleiner Kräfte beherrschen lässt, um zu komplexen selbstorganisierten Nanomaterialien zu gelangen. Das Coiled‐Coil‐Motiv ist ein in der Natur weit verbreiteter Baustein, der außerdem ein großes Potenzial in der synthetischen Biologie hat. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Rolle des Coiled‐Coil‐Motivs in der natürlichen Selbstorganisation und fassen zusammen, welche Fortschritte bei der Verwendung dieses Motivs in der Synthese von funktionellen Einheiten, Aggregaten und Systemen erzielt wurden.
Cyclopamin und der Hedgehog‐Signaltransduktionsweg: Chemie, Biologie, medizinische Perspektiven
Authors: Heretsch Philipp , Tzagkaroulaki Lito , Giannis Athanassios 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAls Odysseus nach zehnjähriger Belagerung siegreich das zerstörte Troja verließ, ahnte er nicht, welchen Prüfungen er sich noch zu stellen haben würde. Das Zusammentreffen mit dem Zyklopen, jenem riesigen Wesen mit nur einem Auge mitten auf der Stirn, gehörte ohne Zweifel zu den seltsamsten und gleichzeitig gefährlichsten seiner Erlebnisse – mithilfe eines Schafes gelang ihm schließlich die Flucht. Dass Homers Beschreibung des Zyklopen durch schrecklich fehlgebildete Neugeborene inspiriert wurde, ist nur Vermutung. Als allerdings Farmer in Idaho Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts eine Häufung von zyklopenartigen Lämmern in ihren Herden verzeichneten, wurde eine Kaskade aus chemischen, biochemischen und medizinischen Entdeckungen in Gang gesetzt, die in ihrer Art einzigartig ist. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz soll diese Geschichte nachzeichnen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die heutige medizinisch‐chemische Forschung beleuchten.