bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Nature of the States Responsible for the Green Emission in Oxidized Poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene)s: Photophysics and Structural Studies of Linear Dialkylfluorene/Fluorenone Model Compounds
Authors: Chan Khai Leok , Sims Marc , Pascu Sofia I. , Ariu Marilù , Holmes Andrew B. , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere, the optical properties of a series of structurally well‐defined model compounds for oxidatively degraded poly(dialkylfluorenes) (PFs) are reported. Specifically, linear compounds comprising one, two, or four dihexylfluorene (F) moieties together with one fluorenone (O) moiety placed either at the end or in the center of each chain (i.e., FO, FFO, FOF, FFOFF) are studied. The results support the recent observation that the photophysics of the fluorenone‐centered “pentamer” (FFOFF) is most similar to that of oxidized PFs. They further demonstrate that molecule–molecule interaction is essential to activate the green emission band. Investigations by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) identify the solid‐state structure of a representative member of this class of compounds and reveal inter‐molecular interaction through dipole–dipole coupling between neighboring fluorenone moieties.
BDNF, relative preference, and reward circuitry responses to emotional communication
Authors: Gasic G.P. , Smoller J.W. , Perlis R.H. , Sun M. , Lee S. , Kim B.W. , Lee M.J. , Holt D.J. , Blood A.J. , Makris N. , Kennedy D.K. , Hoge R.D. , Calhoun J. , Fava M. , Gusella J.F. , Breiter H.C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBrain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neural development and synaptic transmission. We have tested the hypothesis that functional variation in the BDNF gene (Val66Met polymorphism, rs6265) affects brain reward circuitry encoding human judgment and decision‐making regarding relative preference. We quantified relative preference among faces with emotional expressions (angry, fearful, sad, neutral, and happy) by a keypress procedure performed offline to measure effort traded for viewing time. Keypress‐based relative preferences across the ensemble of faces were mirrored significantly by fMRI signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus when passively viewing these faces. For these three brain regions, there was also a statistically significant group difference by BDNF genotype in the fMRI responses to the emotional expressions. In comparison with Val/Met heterozygotes, Val/Val individuals preferentially sought exposure to positive emotions (e.g., happy faces) and had stronger regional fMRI activation to aversive stimuli (e.g., angry, fearful, and sad faces). BDNF genotype accounted for ∼30% of the variance in fMRI signal that mirrors keypress responses to these stimuli. This study demonstrates that functional allelic variation in BDNF modulates human brain circuits processing reward/aversion information and relative preference transactions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADHD and DAT1: Further evidence of paternal over‐transmission of risk alleles and haplotype
Authors: Hawi Z. , Kent L. , Hill M. , Anney R.J.L. , Brookes K.J. , Barry E. , Franke B. , Banaschewski T. , Buitelaar J. , Ebstein R. , Miranda A. , Oades R.D. , Roeyers H. , Rothenberger A. , Sergeant J. , Sonuga‐Barke E. , Steinhausen H.‐C. , Faraone S.V. , Asherson P. , Gill M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe [Hawi et al. (2005); Am J Hum Genet 77:958–965] reported paternal over‐transmission of risk alleles in some ADHD‐associated genes. This was particularly clear in the case of the DAT1 3′‐UTR VNTR. In the current investigation, we analyzed three new sample comprising of 1,248 ADHD nuclear families to examine the allelic over‐transmission of DAT1 in ADHD. The IMAGE sample, the largest of the three‐replication samples, provides strong support for a parent of origin effect for allele 6 and the 10 repeat allele (intron 8 and 3′‐UTR VNTR, respectively) of DAT1. In addition, a similar pattern of over‐transmission of paternal risk haplotypes (constructed from the above alleles) was also observed. Some support is also derived from the two smaller samples although neither is independently significant. Although the mechanism driving the paternal over‐transmission of the DAT risk alleles is not known, these finding provide further support for this phenomenon. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multistep Synthesis Using Modular Flow Reactors: Bestmann–Ohira Reagent for the Formation of Alkynes and Triazoles
Authors: Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V. , Mansfield Andrew C. , Smith Christopher D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMehrstufig und fließend: Das Seyferth‐Gilbert‐Reagens 1 wurde in einem Durchfluss‐System zur schnellen Synthese von terminalen Alkinen eingesetzt. Weitere Anwendung fand das System bei der Synthese des Triazols 3 aus dem Alkohol 2 in einer dreistufigen Sequenz aus Oxidation, Homologisierung und Kupfer(I)‐katalysierter Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloaddition ohne Isolierung von Zwischenstufen (siehe Schema).magnified image
A Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Probe for Fast Thiol‐Quantification Assay of Glutathione Reductase
Authors: Yi Long , Li Heyang , Sun Lu , Liu Liangliang , Zhang Caihong , Xi Zhen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFast detection of cellular thiols in aqueous medium was achieved using a newly developed fluorescence probe (see picture). Based on this probe, a high‐throughput fluorescence assay for glutathione reductase was developed.magnified image
Metabolic Labeling of Sialic Acids in Living Animals with Alkynyl Sugars
Authors: Chang Pamela V. , Chen Xing , Smyrniotis Chris , Xenakis Alexander , Hu Tianshun , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Wu Peng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSialome sweet sialome: As sialic acids are involved in many host–pathogen recognition events and are markers of embryonic and malignant tissues, there is great interest in methods for the enrichment and identification of sialylated glycoproteins from complex tissues. Now N‐(4‐pentynoyl)mannosamine can be used to metabolically label sialylated glycoproteins in living animals, enabling future identification of new biomarkers.magnified image
Stable Cyclohexyl–Phenyl Recognition in the Center of a DNA Duplex
Authors: Kaufmann Marco , Gisler Michael , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEven saturated carbocycles are compatible with Watson–Crick pairing, as shown by the incorporation of phenylcyclohexyl‐C‐nucleoside pairs into the center of a DNA double helix (see picture). The increase in duplex stability arises from cyclohexyl/phenyl CH/π interactions. This makes the system an interesting scaffold for studying hydrophobic interactions and allows for the incorporation of additional molecular entities into the double helix.magnified image
Simple route to ferrocenylalkyl nucleobases. Antitumor activity in vivo
Authors: Simenel Alexander A. , Morozova Elena A. , Snegur Lubov' V. , Zykova Svetlana I. , Kachala Vadim V. , Ostrovskaya Larissa A. , Bluchterova Natalia V. , Fomina Margarita M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFerrocenylalkyl nucleobases (1–14) were prepared via the reaction of the α‐(hydroxy)alkyl ferrocenes FcCHR(OH) (Fc = ferrocenyl; R = H, Me, Et, Ph) with thymine, cytosine, iodo‐cytosine and adenine in DMSO at 100 °C, yields being 50–80%. The antitumor activities of ferrocenylmethyl thymine (1) against solid tumor models, carcinoma 755 (Ca755) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) were studied in vivo. Therapeutic synergism of antitumor activity against LLC was demonstrated in the case of combined application of compound 1 with anticancer drug cyclophosphamide. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of nonlinear smoothers in signal recovery
Authors: Conradie W. J. , de Wet T. , Jankowitz M. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTime series data can be decomposed as signal plus noise. A good smoother should be able to recover a smooth signal reasonably well from time series data. The performance of two classes of nonlinear smoothers in signal recovery is discussed in this paper. The first class is the well‐known class of median smoothers. The other one is a relatively new class of smoothers based on extreme‐order statistics, called lower‐upper‐lower‐upper smoothers. Sinusoidal signals of different frequencies with contaminated normal noise and impulsive noise added were simulated. Members of the two classes of nonlinear smoothers were applied to remove the ‘non‐Gaussian’ and impulsive noise. To this output linear smoothing was applied to remove the remaining Gaussian noise. By means of a simulation study, the success of the two classes of smoothers was investigated using as measures of success the least‐squares regression of the smoothed sequence on the signal and the integrated mean square error. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smad2/3 is involved in growth inhibition of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cells induced by all‐trans retinoic acid
Authors: Wang Miao , Huang Hongzhang , Chen Yiyang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cleft palate is one of the major malformations induced by retinoic acid in both rodents and humans. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA) induces the cleft palate.METHODS:The cell cycle distribution of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells under atRA (100 mg/kg) treatment on gestation day (GD) 10 or GD 12 were measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The p21, phospho‐Rb, Smad2/3, phospho‐Smad2 and phospho‐Smad3 protein expression levels were detected by western blot, respectively. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed for p21, Smad2, and Smad3 gene expression in each group under both conditions. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to inhibit Smad2/3 expression in MEPM cells and the effect was detected by western blot and flow cytometry.RESULTS:The G0/G1 arrest in MEPM cells in vivo was induced by atRA on GD 10. The protein expression levels of p21, Smad2/3, phospho‐Smad2, and phospho‐Smad3 were increased, while phospho‐Rb was decreased in MEPM after atRA treatment on GD 10. These changes were not observed on the GD 12 group. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of p21, Smad2, and Smad3 detected by quantitative real‐time PCR were almost consistent with their protein expression trends. Furthermore, p21 was partially decreased and G0/G1 arrest was partially released following Smad2/3 siRNA knockdown.CONCLUSIONS:The induction of G0/G1 block by atRA in MEPM cells varied with the development stage of exposure. Our study demonstrated that Smad2/3 regulation of p21 was partly required for atRA‐induced cell cycle perturbations in MEPM cells. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Host cell proteins in biologics development: Identification, quantitation and risk assessment
Authors: Wang Xing , Hunter Alan K. , Mozier Ned M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHost cell proteins (HCPs) are those produced or encoded by the organisms and unrelated to the intended recombinant product. Some are necessary for growth, survival, and normal cellular processing whereas others may be non‐essential, simply carried along as baggage. Like the recombinant product, HCPs may also be modified by the host with a number of post‐translational modifications. Regardless of the utility, or lack thereof, HCPs are undesirable in the final drug substance. Though commonly present in small quantities (parts per million expressed as nanograms per milligrams of the intended recombinant protein) much effort and cost is expended by industry to remove them. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is of relevance in regards to the biology, the impact of genomics and proteomics on HCP evaluation, the regulatory expectations, analytical approaches, and various methodologies to remove HCPs with bioprocessing. Historical data, bioinformatics approaches and industrial case study examples are provided. Finally, a proposal for a risk assessment tool is provided which brings these facets together and proposes a means for manufacturers to classify and organize a control strategy leading to meaningful product specifications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 446–458. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TAT‐mediated intracellular protein delivery to primary brain cells is dependent on glycosaminoglycan expression
Authors: Simon Melissa J. , Gao Shan , Kang Woo Hyeun , Banta Scott , Morrison Barclay 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough some studies have shown that the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) TAT can enter a variety of cell lines with high efficiency, others have observed little or no transduction in vivo or in vitro under conditions mimicking the in vivo environment. The mechanisms underlying TAT‐mediated transduction have been investigated in cell lines, but not in primary brain cells. In this study we demonstrate that transduction of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐TAT fusion protein is dependent on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) expression in both the PC12 cell line and primary astrocytes. GFP‐TAT transduced PC12 cells and did so with even higher efficiency following NGF differentiation. In cultures of primary brain cells, TAT significantly enhanced GFP delivery into astrocytes grown under different conditions: (1) monocultures grown in serum‐containing medium; (2) monocultures grown in serum‐free medium; (3) cocultures with neurons in serum‐free medium. The efficiency of GFP‐TAT transduction was significantly higher in the monocultures than in the cocultures. The GFP‐TAT construct did not significantly enter neurons. Experimental modulation of GAG content correlated with alterations in TAT transduction in PC12 cells and astrocyte monocultures grown in the presence of serum. In addition, this correlation was predictive of TAT‐mediated transduction in astrocyte monocultures grown in serum free medium and in coculture. We conclude that culture conditions affect cellular GAG expression, which in turn dictates TAT‐mediated transduction efficiency, extending previous results from cell lines to primary cells. These results highlight the cell‐type and phenotype‐dependence of TAT‐mediated transduction, and underscore the necessity of controlling the phenotype of the target cell in future protein engineering efforts aimed at creating more efficacious CPPs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 10–19 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arresting and convicting the innocent: the potential role of an “inappropriate” emotional display in the accused
Authors: Heath Wendy P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractResearch from both simulated and actual jurors has demonstrated that the defendant's emotional display can influence legal decisions. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence regarding the influence of the defendant's emotional display, and to consider the potential role of suspect and defendant emotion in wrongful convictions. It is possible that the lack of “appropriate” emotion during questioning or interrogation may lead investigators to create a mind‐set that the suspect is the guilty party; as a result, they may be less inclined to investigate other leads. During a trial, the defendant's perceived level of emotion can potentially mislead jurors (e.g. a defendant displaying a low level of emotion leading people to believe, inappropriately, that he is guilty). After a review of the pertinent literature and examples of relevant cases, reasons are provided regarding why one's emotional display may be of limited diagnostic value. Future research ideas are proposed in an effort to determine more definitively the impact of the emotional display of the accused on legal decisions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathy in adolescent male and female detainees
Authors: Sevecke Kathrin , Kosson David S. , Krischer Maya K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough ADHD and CD are apparent risk factors for adult psychopathy, there are three distinct perspectives regarding their relationships to psychopathy: (1) ADHD may contribute uniquely to the development of psychopathy or (2) its contribution may reflect its high comorbidity with CD. Alternatively, (3) the comorbid presence of ADHD and CD may confer unique risk for the development of psychopathy. Although prior adult studies have yielded conflicting findings, no prior studies of adolescents address this issue. We examined these three hypotheses and the possibility of sex differences using cross‐sectional analyses in 90 male and 123 female incarcerated adolescents. Among males the influence of ADHD was largely attributable to the overlap between ADHD and CD, whereas among females ADHD contributed independently to psychopathy scores and to scores on several dimensions of psychopathy. In addition, among females, the ADHD × CD interaction was significant for the total score and the antisocial component of psychopathy and in a direction opposite to that predicted by the comorbid subtype hypothesis. These findings indicate that there may be sex‐specific pathways to elevations in psychopathic traits and suggest that the comorbid subtype hypothesis is probably not correct for either boys or girls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reid training and sensitivity to developmental maturity in interrogation: results from a national survey of police
Authors: Kostelnik Jessica O. , Reppucci N. Dickon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough research has demonstrated that youthfulness is a risk factor for providing false confessions during criminal interrogations, it is unclear whether interrogation training programs address this issue. The goal was to analyze differences between Reid‐trained (RT) and non‐Reid‐trained (non‐RT) police in their sensitivity to the developmental maturity of young suspects. 1,828 police officers, 514 of whom were RT, completed surveys about their perceptions and practices during interrogation with children, adolescents, or adults. Results indicate that, compared with non‐RT police, RT police demonstrate less sensitivity to the developmental maturity of adolescents in terms of (1) perceptions of their competencies during interrogation and (2) use of psychologically coercive questioning techniques. These findings have implications for the development of juvenile interrogation training programs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Videotaped interrogations and confessions: does a dual‐camera approach yield unbiased and accurate evaluations?
Authors: Snyder Celeste J. , Lassiter G. Daniel , Lindberg Matthew J. , Pinegar Shannon K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough an equal‐focus camera perspective—suspect and interrogator each displayed in profile—produces relatively unbiased assessments of videotaped interrogations–confessions, many in law enforcement may consider it less than satisfactory because a full‐face view of the suspect is precluded and thus potentially important information revealed in his or her expressions may be unavailable for fact finders' consideration. The present research investigated whether a dual‐camera approach, wherein the full faces of both the suspect and interrogator are presented in a split‐screen format simultaneously, is a viable alternative to an equal‐focus format. Experiment 1 in fact demonstrated that the dual‐camera approach does produce relatively unbiased assessments of voluntariness and guilt. However, Experiment 2 revealed that the dual‐camera approach was one of the poorest presentation formats in terms of its impact on the ability to accurately distinguish between true and false confessions. Policy recommendations based on the present and previous research are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A LabVIEW‐based remote laboratory experiments for control engineering education
Authors: Stefanovic Miladin , Cvijetkovic Vladimir , Matijevic Milan , Simic Visnja 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with remote access to a real laboratory equipment using contemporary computer and network technology for creating the environment that will enable a remote user to perform the required laboratory exercises and control the laboratory equipment. Architecture and characteristics of WebLab will be described with special attention to the latest implemented laboratory experiment for control of the coupled water tanks (using LabVIEW). This paper will also give results of researches among student population in order to determine advantages and effects of using web laboratory in control engineering education. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 538–549, 2011
Robust Self‐Assembled Monolayers of RuII and OsII Polypyridines on Gold Surfaces: Exploring New Potentials
Authors: Murphy Frances A. , Suárez Stéphane , Figgemeier Egbert , Schofield Emma R. , Draper Sylvia M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFunctional monolayers: RuII and OsII bis‐terpyridine complexes have been attached through a piperazine‐supported dithiocarbamate to a gold substrate (see picture). The robust tether, and the favourable reduction in oxidation potential induced by the electron‐rich piperazine result in self‐assembled monolayers with excellent reversible redox behaviour and exceptional stability.magnified imageMetal complexes [M(phtpy)(pztpy)](PF6)2 (phtpy=4′‐phenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine, pztpy=4′‐(N‐piperazinyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine, M=Ru, Os) were prepared and examined spectroscopically and electrochemically. The piperazine attachment was found to significantly modify the photophysical and electrochemical properties compared to the parent bis‐terpyridine complexes, causing a red‐shift of the 1MLCT (23 nm, 53.9 eV) and a substantial cathodic shift of the redox potential (0.3 V for Ru, 0.23 V for Os). Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the complexes on polished gold electrodes were generated simply by the in situ formation of a dithiocarbamate (DTC) anchoring group at the terminal piperazinyl nitrogen on the pztpy ligand. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the monolayers show excellent reversible behaviour and exceptional stability. The high stability of the SAMs is attributed to the strong bidentate attachment to the gold surface of the DTC tether and the favourable low oxidation potentials of the complexes which result from the electron‐rich piperazine nitrogen on the pztpy ligand. Such DTC‐based SAMs demonstrate a substantial improvement over commonly‐employed thiol‐based systems, and offer new scope for future development.