bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-pharmaceutical interventions for depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Ping , Liu Lumin , Gao Ningyang , Huai Yisheng , Dong Yiyue , Jin Qi , Chen Yue-lai 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPatients with breast cancer often suffer from depressive symptoms throughout various stages of cancer, significantly impacting their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as psychotherapy, mind–body therapies and physical exercise have shown effectiveness in addressing cancer-related depression. However, the efficacy and safety of different non-pharmacological interventions remain a topic of debate. Therefore, to provide an objective assessment and comparison of the impact of different non-pharmaceutical interventions on depression, we will conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) to explore the effects of different non-pharmaceutical interventions on reducing depressive symptoms among patients with breast cancer.Methods and analysisWe will search nine Chinese and English-language databases, from database inception to 31 July 2023, for randomised controlled trials published in Chinese or English. The English-language databases are PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Chinese databases are CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. Two independent researchers will perform information extraction from eligible articles. The primary outcome will be the changes in depressive symptoms, while the secondary outcome will include adverse events. STATA V.15.0 will be used to conduct paired meta-analysis and NMA. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the quality of evidence, and the Cochrane tool for assessing the risks of bias in randomised trials V.2 will be used for risk of bias assessment.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval as it will analyse data from existing studies. It is expected that the results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023450494.
Exploring discrimination and racism in healthcare: a qualitative phenomenology study of Dutch persons with migration backgrounds
Authors: Zemouri Charifa , Nait Kassi Assia , Arrazola de Oñate Wouter , Çoban Gökhan , Kissi Ama 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo explore and characterise the discrimination and racism experienced in healthcare from the perspective of Dutch patients with a migration background.DesignThis was a qualitative phenomenological study incorporating an inductive thematic analysis of the answers provided to a free form online survey. Descriptive and differential analyses were conducted for the closed-ended questions.SettingThis study used an online survey distributed in Dutch about experiences of discrimination and racism in healthcare to the general population in the Netherlands.ParticipantsThe survey was completed by 188 participants (Mage=39.89, SDage=10.2). Of whom 80 (Mage=37.92, SDage=10.87) met the eligibility criteria for thematic analysis (ie, has a migration background or a relative with a migration background and experienced discrimination in healthcare based on their background) and were thus included in the analysis.ResultsFrom the total sample, women, relative to men, were 2.31 times more likely to report experiencing healthcare discrimination (OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.37). The majority of the participants (60.1%) had a Moroccan or Turkish background. Six themes were identified relating to experienced discrimination in healthcare based on one’s migration background: (1) explicit discrimination, (2) prejudice, (3) not being taken seriously, (4) discriminatory behaviour, (5) language barriers and (6) pain attribution to cultural background. Some participants reported that their attire or religion was linked to their migration background, thus contributing to their experiences of discrimination.ConclusionDutch patients with a migration background may experience discrimination based on their ethnic identity or other factors related to their backgrounds, such as their faith, culture and skin colour. Discrimination manifests as intersectional and may take different forms (eg, discrimination based on the intersection between race and gender). Therefore, healthcare discrimination may increase health inequities and lead to unequal access to healthcare services. Implicitly or explicitly discriminating against patients is immoral, unethical, illegal and hazardous for individual and public health. Further research on the magnitude of discrimination in healthcare and its relation to health is needed.
Loneliness, social isolation and incident chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhou Jian , Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIndividuals with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and higher levels of social isolation and loneliness compared with those without diabetes. Recently, the American Heart Association highlighted the importance of considering social determinants of health (SDOH) in conjunction with traditional risk factors in patients with diabetes.AimsTo investigate the associations of loneliness and social isolation with incident CKD risk in patients with diabetes in the UK Biobank.MethodsA total of 18 972 patients with diabetes were included in this prospective study. Loneliness and Social Isolation Scales were created based on self-reported factors. An adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the associations of loneliness and social isolation with CKD risk among patients with diabetes. The relative importance in predicting CKD was also calculated alongside traditional risk factors.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.8 years, 1127 incident CKD cases were reported. A higher loneliness scale, but not social isolation, was significantly associated with a 25% higher risk of CKD, independent of traditional risk factors, among patients with diabetes. Among the individual loneliness factors, the sense of feeling lonely emerged as the primary contributing factor to the elevated risk of CKD. Compared with individuals not experiencing feelings of loneliness, those who felt lonely exhibited a 22% increased likelihood of developing CKD. In addition, feeling lonely demonstrated greater relative importance of predicting CKD compared with traditional risk factors such as body mass index, smoking, physical activity and diet.ConclusionsThis study indicates the significant relationship between loneliness and CKD risk among patients with diabetes, highlighting the need to address SDOH in preventing CKD in this population.
Chronic fatigue syndrome post-COVID-19: triple-blind randomised clinical trial of Astragalus root extract
Authors: Banihashemi Zahra-Sadat , Azizi-Fini Ismail , Rajabi Mahdi , Maghami Mahboobeh , Yadollahi Safoura 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of Astragalus root extract on nurses suffering from post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome.Materials and methodsThe study was designed as a triple-blind, randomised, controlled trial in Iran in 2023. 64 chronic fatigue syndrome nurses were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group (n=32) that received Astragalus root extract (500 mg two times per day) or a control group (n=32) that received a placebo. Changes in chronic fatigue syndrome scores were measured before to, at the end of and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics (T-tests, χ2, analysis of variances, Cochran’s Q tests, McNemar and generalised estimating equations).ResultsIn comparison to before, chronic fatigue prevalence decreased statistically significantly at the end of the intervention group (13.8%) and 1 month later (17.2%). Further, the frequency differed between before and after (p=0.0001) and 1 month later (p=0.0001). In the control group, chronic fatigue was statistically significantly different before and after the intervention (72.2%; p=0.003). Having an underlying disease (B=0.84, OR=2.33; p=0.04) and being in the control group (B=2.15, OR=12.36; p=0.01) increased the risk of chronic fatigue, whereas increasing the length of time decreased it (B=−0.67, OR=0.50; p=0.0001).ConclusionAstragalus root extract has been shown to reduce chronic fatigue in nurses. Therefore, this herbal extract can be used to reduce the incidence and treatment of chronic fatigue in nurses.
Acoustic black hole: the Sagnac effect, the geodesics and the bounding values of the parameters
Authors: Roy Soumya Kanti , Ghosh Tanmoy , Raychaudhuri B. , Mondal Aditya S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSagnac interference experiment is theoretically analyzed in the curved spacetime of the Rotating Acoustic Black hole metric. The Zero and the infinite Sagnac delay has been analyzed. The geodesic motion in the metric is discussed very briefly to derive the formula for the Sagnac delay. For the first time, the values of the two constant parameters related to the metric of the acoustic black hole have been found to be restricted within certain limit by the use of the formula for the Sagnac delay. The equation for finding the sonic horizon has also been deduced.
Primordial gravitational waves assisted by cosmological scalar perturbations
Authors: Yu Yan-Heng , Wang Sai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrimordial gravitational waves are a crucial prediction of inflation theory, and their detection through their imprints on the cosmic microwave background is actively being pursued. However, these attempts have not yet been successful. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect primordial gravitational waves by searching for a signal of second-order tensor perturbations. These perturbations were produced due to nonlinear couplings between the linear tensor and scalar perturbations in the early universe. We anticipate a blue-tilted tensor spectral index, and suggest that the tensor-to-scalar ratio can potentially be measured with high precision using a detector network composed of the ground-based Einstein Telescope and the space-borne LISA project on a decade timescale.
Traversable wormholes satisfying energy conditions in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Rastgoo S. , Parsaei F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, a new family of asymptotically flat wormhole solutions in the context of symmetric teleparallel gravity, i.e., f(Q) theory of gravity, are presented. Considering a power-law shape function and some different forms of the f(Q) function, we show that a wide variety of wormhole solutions for which the matter fields satisfy some energy conditions, are accessible. We realize that the presence of f(Q) gravity will be enough to sustain a traversable wormhole without exotic matter. The influence of the free parameters of the shape function and the f(Q) models on the energy conditions is investigated. The equation of state and the boundary conditions are analyzed.
Quiescent optical solitons for Fokas–Lenells equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion and a couple of self-phase modulation structures
Authors: Elsherbeny Ahmed M. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe focus of the current paper is on the retrieval of quiescent optical solitons from Fokas–Lenells equation with nonlinear chromatic dispersion and having quadratic–cubic as well as quadratic–cubic–quartic forms of self-phase modulation structures. Two integration algorithms are implemented to carry out to seek such soliton solutions. They are the enhanced Kudryashov’s approach and the projective Riccati equation approach. In this context, both linear temporal evolution and generalized temporal evolution effects are addressed. A full spectrum of quiescent optical solitons is thus recovered.
Phenomenological toy model for flash effect in proton therapy
Authors: García G. , Llorena D. , Illescas C. , Viñals S. , García L. , Fernández de Barrena Machón G. , Sánchez-Parcerisa D. , Ynsa M. D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a simple model based on general assumptions for the FLASH effect in radiotherapy, leading to a rate equation with only three free parameters. The model can predict the biological effect ratio between healthy and tumoral tissue for arbitrary input treatments, given as a dose rate versus time function. We analyze the behavior of the model and its sensitivity to its free parameters, and decide on suitable parameter values in accordance with available experimental data from the literature. Then we apply our model to study different sets of treatments, modeled as square pulse periodic functions with different pulse peak dose rate, pulse width and repetition period, in order to illustrate how it may be used to guide future experiment design. The model predicts that, for a given average dose rate above the FLASH threshold, a more prominent FLASH effect would be observed for continuous beams than for ultra-pulsated beams with an infinitely short irradiation time. This finding needs to be validated with suitable experiments.
A Presença do Termo “Ideologia de Gênero” nos Discursos Oficiais Institucionais do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) Disponíveis na Biblioteca da Presidência da República
Authors: Zorzi André Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Este artigo analisa os discursos oficiais e institucionais feitos por Jair Bolsonaro durante seu mandato como presidente e disponíveis no site oficial da Biblioteca da Presidência da República do Brasil, fazendo um levantamento da quantidade de vezes em que o termo “ideologia de gênero” esteve presente nas falas de Bolsonaro, e em quais regiões e contextos isso ocorreu. O termo, ao longo dos últimos anos, foi adotado por parte de políticos à direita para se referir a pautas de movimentos LGBT+ e/ou feministas de forma pejorativa e esteve presente com ênfase na campanha da eleição de Bolsonaro em 2018, e também em seu último mandato como deputado federal. A análise chegou à conclusão de que a presença do termo “ideologia de gênero” ainda teve certa importância no primeiro ano de mandato de Bolsonaro, diminuindo sua frequência nos dois anos seguintes e tendo um aumento, com grande concentração do tema justamente num contexto anterior ao período eleitoral de 2022.
In Search of Aristotle’s Third Man
Authors: Clarke Timothy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aristotle thinks that the Platonic theory of Forms is vulnerable to the Third Man regress. According to Alexander of Aphrodisias, the regress arises from the conjunction of three Platonist claims, which I label ‘Exemplification’, ‘Similarity’, and ‘Distinctness’. It is clear why, taken together, these three claims generate an infinite regress of Forms. What is not clear is why Aristotle thinks that a Platonist should have to accept each of the claims. My answer begins from the fact that, in Metaphysics A and M, Aristotle mentions the Third Man as a consequence, not of positing Forms, but of certain ways of arguing for Forms. By working out what these arguments are likely to have been, we can understand why he took the Platonist to have been committed to all three claims, and thus why he saw the Third Man as a serious difficulty.
Dominant Role of Eurasian Evaporation on the Moisture Sources of the Interannual Variations in Central Asian Summer Precipitation
Authors: Peng Dongdong , Zhou Tianjun , Huang Xin , He Chao , Zhang Lixia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The precipitation changes in arid and semiarid central Asia have great impacts on the local fragile ecosystem. The summer precipitation in central Asia shows obvious interannual variations, but the corresponding crucial moisture transporting processes remain unclear. Therefore, this study employs the Lagrangian flexible particle (FLEXPART) diffusion model to achieve this goal. Results show that the moisture of climatological summer precipitation in central Asia is mainly from the local regions, the surrounding western and northern Eurasian regions. The contribution of local evaporation from western central Asia is about 2 times that from eastern central Asia. At the interannual time scale, the moisture variations are mainly influenced by the local regions and western Eurasia, while the local evaporation is mainly from western central Asia. Totally, the Eurasian evaporation plays a dominant role in the interannual variations of central Asian summer precipitation by contributing more than 90% of the total moisture. The moisture transports associated with central Asian summer precipitation interannual variations are impacted by the anomalous cyclones over the western and northeastern parts of central Asia during the wet years, which enhance the moisture convergence and hence increase the summer precipitation in central Asia. The anomalous cyclone over the western part of central Asia is correlated with the changes in the intensity of Eurasian summer subtropical westerly jet (ESSWJ), while the anomalous cyclone over the northeastern part of central Asia is correlated with both ESSWJ and the British–Baikal Corridor pattern teleconnection in association with the polar front jet.
A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Colectomies for Pediatric and Adult Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ghodasara Satyam K. , Hauser Kristine M. , Oldewurtel Kaitlyn M. , Rolandelli Rolando H. , Nemeth Zoltan H. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are prevalent in adult and pediatric populations, but their differences are not well studied using national data. We compared the clinical outcomes of these patients using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) databases. Methods: Colectomy cases for CD and UC, the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were compared between adult and pediatric patients using the 2017-2019 ACS NSQIP databases. Various clinical factors were analyzed, with postoperative complications being the primary outcome of interest. Results: We identified 542 pediatric and 5174 adult CD patients and 360 pediatric and 1292 adult UC patients. Adults with CD or UC were more likely to be on steroids preoperatively (CD: 60.15% vs 24.54%; UC: 65.63% vs 51.39%). Children with IBD were more likely to have preoperative transfusions (CD: 1.48% vs .33%; UC: 8.33% vs .62%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (CD: 3.51% vs .93%; UC: 12.78% vs 3.10%), or sepsis (CD: 1.85% vs .66%; UC: 1.39% vs .31%). Unplanned reoperations were more common among pediatric patients in both disease states compared to adults (CD: 6.27% vs 4.10%; UC: 11.11% vs 4.26%), with P-values for all factors described as ≤.02. Multivariate logistic regression found pediatric age to be associated with higher odds of needing a reoperation among UC patients but not CD patients. Conclusion: Pediatric patients were sicker at the time of surgery, and those with either disease were more likely to require a reoperation within 30 days.
Association Between COVID-19 and Planned and Postponed Cancer Screenings Among American Indian Adults Residing in California and Oklahoma, March–December 2020
Authors: Dang Julie H.T. , Chen Sixia , Hall Spencer , Campbell Janis E. , Chen Moon S. , Doescher Mark P. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected cancer screenings among American Indian people residing in California and Oklahoma, 2 states with the largest American Indian populations. We assessed rates and factors associated with cancer screenings among American Indian adults during the pandemic. Methods: From October 2020 through January 2021, we surveyed 767 American Indian adults residing in California and Oklahoma. We asked participants whether they had planned to obtain screenings for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) from March through December 2020 and whether screening was postponed because of COVID-19. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for factors associated with reasons for planned and postponed cancer screening. Results: Among 395 participants eligible for breast cancer screening, 234 (59.2%) planned to obtain the screening, 127 (54.3%) of whom postponed it. Among 517 participants eligible for cervical cancer screening, 357 (69.1%) planned to obtain the screening, 115 (32.2%) of whom postponed it. Among 454 participants eligible for CRC screening, 282 (62.1%) planned to obtain CRC screening, 80 of whom (28.4%) postponed it. In multivariate analyses, women who lived with a child (vs did not) had lower odds of planning to obtain a breast cancer screening (AOR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0). Adherence to social distancing recommendations was associated with planning to have and postponement of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 7.3; 95% CI, 0.9-58.9). Participants who received (vs did not receive) social or financial support had higher odds of planning to have CRC screening (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impeded completion of cancer screenings among American Indian adults. Interventions are needed to increase the intent to receive evidence-based cancer screenings among eligible American Indian adults.
Conventional versus minimally invasive extra-corporeal circulation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial (COMICS)
Authors: Angelini Gianni D , Reeves Barnaby C , Culliford Lucy A , Maishman Rachel , Rogers Chris A , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Argiriadou Helena , Carrel Thierry , Keller Dorothée , Liebold Andreas , Ashkaniani Fatma , El-Essawi Aschraf , Breitenbach Ingo , Lloyd Clinton , Bennett Mark , Cale Alex , Gunaydin Serdar , Gunertem Eren , Oueida Farouk , Yassin Ibrahim M , Serrick Cyril , Murkin John M , Rao Vivek , Moscarelli Marco , Condello Ignazzo , Punjabi Prakash , Rajakaruna Cha , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Bone Daniel , Lansdown William , Moorjani Narain , Dennis Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Introduction The trial hypothesized that minimally invasive extra-corporeal circulation (MiECC) reduces the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) after cardiac surgery operations requiring extra-corporeal circulation without circulatory arrest. Methods This is a multicentre, international randomized controlled trial across fourteen cardiac surgery centres including patients aged ≥18 and <85 years undergoing elective or urgent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery, or CABG + AVR surgery. Participants were randomized to MiECC or conventional extra-corporeal circulation (CECC), stratified by centre and operation. The primary outcome was a composite of 12 post-operative SAEs up to 30 days after surgery, the risk of which MiECC was hypothesized to reduce. Secondary outcomes comprised: other SAEs; all-cause mortality; transfusion of blood products; time to discharge from intensive care and hospital; health-related quality-of-life. Analyses were performed on a modified intention-to-treat basis. Results The trial terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic; 1071 participants (896 isolated CABG, 97 isolated AVR, 69 CABG + AVR) with median age 66 years and median EuroSCORE II 1.24 were randomized (535 to MiECC, 536 to CECC). Twenty-six participants withdrew after randomization, 22 before and four after intervention. Fifty of 517 (9.7%) randomized to MiECC and 69/522 (13.2%) randomized to CECC group experienced the primary outcome (risk ratio = 0.732, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.556 to 0.962, p = 0.025). The risk of any SAE not contributing to the primary outcome was similarly reduced (risk ratio = 0.791, 95% CI 0.530 to 1.179, p = 0.250). Conclusions MiECC reduces the relative risk of primary outcome events by about 25%. The risk of other SAEs was similarly reduced. Because the trial terminated early without achieving the target sample size, these potential benefits of MiECC are uncertain.