bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of herbal products among 392 Italian pregnant women: focus on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Cuzzolin Laura , Francini‐Pesenti Francesco , Verlato Giovanna , Joppi Marco , Baldelli Paola , Benoni Giuseppina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to explore the use of herbal products among a sample of Italian pregnant women and the possible influence of herbal consumption on pregnancy outcome.MethodsThe study was conducted over a 10‐month period (2 days a week, from January to October 2009) at the Maternity wards of Padua and Rovereto Hospital. Data were collected through a face‐to‐face interview on the basis of a prestructured questionnaire including socio‐demographic characteristics of the enrolled subjects, specific questions on herbal use, information about pregnancy and newborn.ResultsIn total, 392 interviews were considered. One hundred and nine out of 392 women (27.8%) reported to have been taking one or more herbal products during pregnancy, in the 36.7% of cases throughout all pregnancy. The most frequently herbs taken by interviewees were chamomile, licorice, fennel, aloe, valerian, echinacea, almond oil, propolis, and cranberry. Four out of 109 women (3.7%) reported side‐effects: constipation after a tisane containing a mix of herbs, rash and itching after local application of aloe or almond oil. The decision to use herbal products was mainly based on personal judgement and on the conviction that these natural substances would be safer than traditional medicines. Users were more often affected by morbidities pregnancy‐related and their neonates were more frequently small for their gestational age. An higher incidence of threatening miscarriages and preterm labours was observed among regular users of chamomile and licorice.ConclusionsThis research underlines that the use of herbal products during pregnancy is common among Italian women, not always appropriate and in some cases potentially harmful. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of gifted students with learning disabilities in a Response‐to‐Intervention era
Authors: Crepeau‐Hobson Franci , Bianco Margarita 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe identification of children who are twice‐exceptional—those who are gifted and have concomitant learning disabilities (LDs)—has historically posed a number of challenges for school psychologists and other school personnel. With the reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and the shift to the use of a Response‐to‐Intervention (RtI) model to identify students with LDs, the task of identifying those who are twice exceptional is even more daunting. This article proposes an integrated model for the identification of gifted children with LDs that blends standardized assessment methods with practices consistent with RtI. This balanced approach brings together the best of both worlds to more accurately identify twice‐exceptional students and better meet their educational needs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of life and physical performance and activity of breast cancer patients after adjuvant treatments
Authors: Penttinen H. M. , Saarto T. , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen P. , Blomqvist C. , Huovinen R. , Kautiainen H. , Järvenpää S. , Nikander R. , Idman I. , Luoto R. , Sievänen H. , Utriainen M. , Vehmanen L. , Jääskeläinen A. S. , Elme A. , Ruohola Johanna , Luoma M. , Hakamies‐Blomqvist L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: The study aimed at investigating the quality of life (QoL) and physical performance and activity, and their interrelations, in Finnish female breast cancer patients shortly after adjuvant treatments.Methods: A total of 537 disease‐free breast cancer survivors aged 35–68 years were surveyed at the beginning of a one year randomized exercise intervention. The patients were interviewed using EORTC QLQ‐C30, FACIT‐F, RBDI, and WHQ (for vasomotor symptoms) questionnaires. Physical performance was tested by a 2 km walking test. Physical activity was measured by a questionnaire and a prospective two‐week diary. Multivariate analysis was used to study the factors associated with QoL.Results: About 26% of the patients were rated as depressed, 20.4% as fatigued, and 82% suffered from menopausal symptoms. The global QoL was lower than in general population (69.4 vs 74.7, p<0.001). About 62% of the walking test results were below the population average. Fatigue (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), body mass index (p = 0.016) and comorbidity (p = 0.032) impaired, and physical activity (p = 0.003) improved QoL. Physical activity level correlated positively to physical performance (r = −0.274, p<0.0001).Conclusions: The QoL of the patients shortly after adjuvant treatments was impaired and the physical performance poor as compared to general population. In particular, depression and fatigue were related to impaired QoL. Physical performance and activity level were the only factors that correlated positively to QoL. Thus, physical exercise could be useful in rehabilitation of cancer survivors, especially for depressed and fatigued patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The High‐Pressure Characterization of Energetic Materials: 2‐Methyl‐5‐Nitramino‐2H‐Tetrazole
Authors: Ciezak Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe isothermal structural properties, equation of state, and vibrational dynamics of 2MNT were studied under high‐pressure using synchrotron XRD and optical Raman and IR microspectroscopy. Analysis of the XRD patterns revealed no indication of a phase transition to near 15 GPa and the pressure‐volume isotherm remained smooth to 15 GPa. Near 15 GPa, significant sample damage was observed from the X‐ray beam which precluded the acquisition of patterns above this pressure. XRD and Raman spectroscopic measurements showed the monoclinic ambient condition phase of 2MNT remains the dominant phase to near 20 GPa, although a shift of the NO2IR active vibrational modes to lower frequencies suggested a subtle geometry modification not reflected in the XRD data.
Changes in stepping response to lateral perturbations immediately following a single bout of physical activity
Authors: Egerton Thorlene , Brauer Sandra G. , Cresswell Andrew G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Fatiguing exercise can adversely alter postural stability and therefore may contribute to falling. However, older adults rarely perform exercise to fatigue. This study aimed to determine whether undertaking a single bout of moderate‐intensity physical activity, similar to that experienced during daily activity or rehabilitation, altered the ability to recover balance with an outward step response to a lateral perturbation. Methods. Thirty‐four healthy older adults (mean: 76 ± 5 years) and 31 healthy young adults (29 ± 6 years) underwent a 14‐minute, self‐paced, moderate‐intensity physical activity protocol. Before and immediately after the protocol, their responses to lateral waist‐pull perturbations were recorded. For participants who used a single outward step response before and after the perturbation, the changes to the timing of the step phases and the hip abductor muscle activity onsets were compared. Results. Young adults responded with an outward step in 55% of trials before and 70% after activity, whereas this frequency was 35% before and 36% after among older adults. When performed, the timing of steps and muscle activity onsets were not adversely altered following the physical activity in either group, apart from a slightly later stance limb gluteus medius onset after activity, found in both groups. Conclusions. Before and after activity, older adults responded with a single outward step to arrest a fall less frequently than young adults. This may place older adults at risk of overbalancing. However, when responding with this strategy, both young and older adults demonstrated few changes immediately following moderate‐intensity physical activity compared with before. They appear to be not adversely affected by moderate physical activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of mutant p53 via alkylation of cysteines and effects on DNA binding
Authors: Kaar Joel L. , Basse Nicolas , Joerger Andreas C. , Stephens Elaine , Rutherford Trevor J. , Fersht Alan R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOncogenic mutations inactivate the tumor suppressor p53 by lowering its stability or by weakening its binding to DNA. Alkylating agents that reactivate mutant p53 are currently being explored for cancer therapy. We have discovered ligands containing an α,β‐unsaturated double bond, characteristic of Michael acceptors, that bind covalently to generic cysteine sites in the p53 core domain. They raised the melting temperature of the core domain of wild‐type p53 and the hotspot mutants R175H, Y220C, G245S, R249S, and R282 by up to 3°C. Analysis of the relative reactivity of the cysteines in p53 by mass spectrometry found that C124 and C141 react first, followed by C135, C182, and C277, and eventually C176 and C275. Post‐translational modifications of cysteines are known to be involved in regulation of other transcription factors. Modification of C277, which sits on the DNA‐binding surface, may, for example, play a role in regulating p53 activity in cells in response to environmental cues. We found that the modifications progressively reduced DNA‐binding activity of full‐length p53. In light of these results, it is likely that the anticancer activity of the alkylating drugs works via a nontranscriptional activity of p53.
Conformational space search of Neuromedin C using replica exchange molecular dynamics and molecular dynamics
Authors: Sharma Parul , Singh Parvesh , Bisetty Krishna , Rodriguez Alex , Perez Juan J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study involves the utilization of replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) methodology to explore the conformational space of Neuromedin C (NMC) using implicit (REMDimplicit) and explicit (REMDexplicit) water models. Comparison of the structures obtained from these simulations indicate that REMDexplicit trajectory display a greater tendency to induce β‐turns and bent structures as compared to those obtained from the REMDimplicit simulation. Moreover, two additional MD trajectories performed using Langevin (MDLang) and Berendsen (MDBerend) algorithms under generalized born (GB) solvent conditions were also suitably competent to sample similar kinds of conformations, although the extent of beta turns was low compared to those observed in REMDexplicit simulation. Finally, the comparison of results obtained from all the trajectories and those derived from the NMR studies of Ni(II) complex of NMC indicates that the REMD under explicit conditions is more efficient in sampling the conformations, and show good agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state lighting: ‘The case’ 10 years after and future prospects
Authors: Haitz Roland , Tsao Jeffrey Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTen years ago, a white paper titled “The Case for a National Research Program on Semiconductor Lighting” outlined the promise and potential of semiconductor light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for general illumination. Since then, investments in the now‐renamed field of solid‐state lighting (SSL) have accelerated and considerable progress has been made, not always in the directions envisioned at the time. In this paper, two of the original four authors comment on the white paper's hits and misses, while making the original white paper available archivally as supplemental online material. Finally, we make new predictions for the coming 10–20 years.
Spontaneous emission rate of green strain‐compensated InGaN/InGaN LEDs using InGaN substrate
Authors: Park Seoung‐Hwan , Moon Yong‐Tae , Lee Jeong Sik , Kwon Ho Ki , Park Joong Seo , Ahn Doyeol 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOptical properties of strain‐compensated InGaN/InGaN quantum well (QW) structures using a InGaN substrate are investigated using the multiband effective mass theory. These results are compared with those of conventional InGaN/GaN QW structures using a GaN substrate. The strain‐compensated QW structure shows that a smaller well thickness is needed to obtain the transition wavelength of 530 nm than the InGaN/GaN QW structure. The spontaneous emission peak of a strain‐compensated QW structure is shown to be much larger than that of a conventional QW structure. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the internal field is reduced due to the decrease in the lattice mismatch with a substrate.
Resistance and mesoscopic fluctuations in graphene
Authors: Mahelona Keoni K. , Kaiser Alan B. , Skákalová Viera 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate the mesoscopic resistance fluctuations (MRFs) that, as we showed previously, cause the exponentially decaying low‐temperature resistance anomaly in graphene monolayers. We determine autocorrelation functions and power spectra for the MRFs, finding that the fluctuations have shorter periods (as a function of gate voltage) near the neutrality point. We also investigate the origin of the sharp increase of the resistance of graphene on a Si/SiO2 substrate at higher temperatures and at higher charge carrier densities. We show that a very good description of this increase is given by scattering by the experimentally observed graphene zone‐boundary phonons of energy 160 meV (that cause current saturation in carbon nanotubes) and by lower energy phonons (70 meV) that make a smaller contribution.magnified image
An example of mesoscopic resistance fluctuations as a function of gate voltage measured from the neutrality point (with resistance at temperature 51 K subtracted).
The role of linear wave refraction in the transient eddy–mean flow response to tropical Pacific SST anomalies
Authors: Harnik N. , Seager R. , Naik N. , Cane M. , Ting M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe midlatitude response to tropical Pacific SST anomalies involves changes in transient eddy propagation, but the processes leading to the transient eddy changes are still not clear. In a recent study, we used a series of controlled general circulation model (GCM) experiments in which an imposed tropical Pacific sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomaly is turned on abruptly and the response is analyzed in terms of its high‐ and low‐frequency parts, to show that the changes in transient eddies induced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) arise from changes in wave refraction on the altered mean flow. In this work, we use a quasi‐geostrophic linear model and a linear stationary wave model, to interpret the GCM experiments and obtain the sequence of events that lead from a tropical SST anomaly to the quasi‐equilibrium change in the mean and transient atmospheric circulation. The initial direct response of the mean flow is confined to the tropical and subtropical Pacific, similar to what is obtained from a stationary wave model. This tropical–subtropical mean flow change initiates a transient eddy response, which induces a midlatitude mean flow anomaly. The wave–mean flow system evolves towards a state in which the eddy anomalies maintain the mean flow anomalies, allowing them to persist. It is further shown that, while eddy momentum fluxes persistently accelerate and decelerate the subtropical and midlatitude mean flow, the eddy heat flux effect on the zonal mean flow is much more variable, and only marginally significant. The linear quasi‐geostrophic model calculations capture the evolution of eddy momentum flux anomalies equatorwards of 60°N quite well, suggesting linear wave refraction can explain the midlatitude ENSO anomalies. However, other processes, like stationary waves or changes in the nonlinear stage of eddy life cycles, are needed to explain the ENSO‐related anomalies at high latitudes, polewards of around 60°N. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Two‐dimensional guidelines for measurement system indices
Authors: White T. Kevin , Borror Connie M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we review two common measurement system indices and a common process capability index. With some simple plots, it will be shown that the traditional guidelines for these measurement system indices can often misdirect improvement efforts. By taking advantage of the relationship between the measurement system indices and the process capability index, two‐dimensional guidelines that can be used as an alternative to the traditional guidelines are developed. These two‐dimensional guidelines are intended to help address adequacy of the measurement system and better direct improvement efforts to where there will be the most benefit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GPU‐based efficient realistic techniques for bleeding and smoke generation in surgical simulators
Authors: Halic Tansel , Sankaranarayanan Ganesh , De Suvranu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn actual surgery, smoke and bleeding due to cauterization processes provide important visual cues to the surgeon, which have been proposed as factors in surgical skill assessment. While several virtual reality (VR)‐based surgical simulators have incorporated the effects of bleeding and smoke generation, they are not realistic due to the requirement of real‐time performance. To be interactive, visual update must be performed at at least 30 Hz and haptic (touch) information must be refreshed at 1 kHz. Simulation of smoke and bleeding is, therefore, either ignored or simulated using highly simplified techniques, since other computationally intensive processes compete for the available Central Processing Unit (CPU) resources.MethodsIn this study we developed a novel low‐cost method to generate realistic bleeding and smoke in VR‐based surgical simulators, which outsources the computations to the graphical processing unit (GPU), thus freeing up the CPU for other time‐critical tasks. This method is independent of the complexity of the organ models in the virtual environment. User studies were performed using 20 subjects to determine the visual quality of the simulations compared to real surgical videos.ResultsThe smoke and bleeding simulation were implemented as part of a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) simulator. For the bleeding simulation, the original implementation using the shader did not incur noticeable overhead. However, for smoke generation, an input/output (I/O) bottleneck was observed and two different methods were developed to overcome this limitation. Based on our benchmark results, a buffered approach performed better than a pipelined approach and could support up to 15 video streams in real time. Human subject studies showed that the visual realism of the simulations were as good as in real surgery (median rating of 4 on a 5‐point Likert scale).ConclusionsBased on the performance results and subject study, both bleeding and smoke simulations were concluded to be efficient, highly realistic and well suited to VR‐based surgical simulators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐equilibrium conditions of urban gravel‐bed stream channels in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Annable W. K. , Watson C. C. , Thompson P. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTUrban gravel‐bed stream channels in southern Ontario, Canada identified to be in a state of quasi‐equilibrium have been studied over the past 15 years and compared against rural gravel bed stream channels of the same hydrophysiographic region. Bankfull width and depth versus bankfull discharge were not found to increase as a function of increasing urbanization as has been found in many other studies. The observed annual frequency of bankfull discharge was typically less than a 1‐year return period with many sites ranging between 2 and 18 bankfull events per year with higher intensity and shorter duration urban flood responses, which further identified significant limitations in using annual peak discharge methods for predicting morphological forming flows in urban watersheds.The cumulative volume of bankfull and larger flood events from the urban stream channels were very similar to the same annual event volumes in the rural comparison study reaches. Bed material supply was found to decrease with increasing urbanization and the reduction in bed material supply appears to be off‐set by the smaller bankfull channel width, depth and access to floodplains during large flood events. Field evidence may also suggest a even greater reduction in channel width trajectory, relative to the rural setting, with expansive floodplains to maintain quasi‐equilibrium conditions as bed material supply continues to decrease with increased anthropogenic activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
12‐GHz Thin‐Film Transistors on Transferrable Silicon Nanomembranes for High‐Performance Flexible Electronics
Authors: Sun Lei , Qin Guoxuan , Seo Jung‐Hun , Celler George K. , Zhou Weidong , Ma Zhenqiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMultigigahertz flexible electronics are attractive and have broad applications. A gate‐after‐source/drain fabrication process using preselectively doped single‐crystal silicon nanomembranes (SiNM) is an effective approach to realizing high device speed. However, further downscaling this approach has become difficult in lithography alignment. In this full paper, a local alignment scheme in combination with more accurate SiNM transfer measures for minimizing alignment errors is reported. By realizing 1 μm channel alignment for the SiNMs on a soft plastic substrate, thin‐film transistors with a record speed of 12 GHz maximum oscillation frequency are demonstrated. These results indicate the great potential of properly processed SiNMs for high‐performance flexible electronics.
Engineering Nanocomposite Materials for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Minelli Caterina , Lowe Stuart B. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCancer accounted for 13% of all deaths worldwide in 2005. Although early detection is critical for the successful treatment of many cancers, there are sensitivity limitations associated with current detection methodologies. Furthermore, many traditional anticancer drug treatments exhibit limited efficacy and cause high morbidity. The unique physical properties of nanoscale materials can be utilized to produce novel and effective sensors for cancer diagnosis, agents for tumor imaging, and therapeutics for cancer treatment. Functionalizing inorganic nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers and natural or rationally designed biomolecules offers a route towards engineering responsive and multifunctional composite systems. Although only a few such innovations have reached human clinical trial to date, nanocomposite materials based on functionalized metal and semiconductor nanoparticles promise to transform the way cancer is diagnosed and treated. This review summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art in the development of inorganic nanocomposites for cancer‐related applications.