bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioners’ Reading Patterns, Attitudes, and Use of Research Reported in Occupational Therapy Journals
Authors: Philibert Darbi Breath , Snyder Patricia , Judd Debra , Windsor Mary-Margaret 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Occupational therapists are encouraged to use research-based evidence to guide practice. In this study, we investigated whether members of the American Occupational Therapy Association read their flagship journal, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT), or other scholarly journals. Therapists’ attitudes about research, their reading patterns, and their use of research in clinical practice were also explored. A proportional, random sample of 626 therapists from five states was mailed a questionnaire; 52% were returned. Of the 328 respondents, 85% reported reading AJOT. For those who did not read AJOT, barriers cited included time constraints, difficulty interpreting results, lack of clinical information, and too much scientific information. Attitudes about research generally were positive, although ratings regarding the usefulness of research to inform clinical practices were less favorable. Attitudes about and use of research ratings were not strongly related to practice settings, educational degree level, years of experience, or state of residence. Results suggest education and clinical practice changes may be necessary to support therapists’ use of empirical evidence in practice contexts.
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Interactions With Children With Motor Delays
Authors: Ganadaki Eftichia , Magill-Evans Joyce 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. In early intervention programs, parents are often asked to teach their child new skills. As fathers are increasingly involved in intervention, clinicians need more information on fathers’ unique interactive style. This pilot study compared mothers’ and fathers’ parent–child interactions during a teaching episode to identify similarities and differences in order to better understand parents’ strengths.
METHODS. The Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale was used to observe 10 mothers and 10 fathers interacting with their 10- to 28-month-old children in their homes. The children were receiving early intervention for a motor delay. The Caregiver Scores (parent’s contribution to the interaction) of mothers and others were compared using paired t tests.
RESULTS. Mothers had more optimal interactions as indicated by significantly higher Caregiver scores than fathers, t (9) = 3.83, p = .004. The subscales with statistically significant differences were Caregiver Contingency and Cognitive Growth Fostering. Children's scores when they interacted with their mothers or fathers did not differ.
CONCLUSION. When observing fathers teaching their child new skills, therapists should remember that fathers of children with motor delays (and typically developing children) may use a more task-oriented communication style with less consideration of the child’s actions than do mothers.
Outcomes in Hand Rehabilitation Using Occupational Therapy Services
Authors: Case-Smith Jane 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to measure functional outcomes after outpatient occupational therapy for clients who had upper-extremity injury and surgery or both.
METHODS. A sample of 33 clients referred to occupational therapy outpatient intervention was recruited from five clinics in Ohio. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to guide the occupational therapy sessions and to measure outcomes. The Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) were also administered to the clients pre and post 6 to 8 weeks of hand rehabilitation services. Two to three months after discharge, the clients responded by the telephone to the Community Integration Questionnaire.
RESULTS. The clients received a mean of 13 hours of outpatient occupational therapy services and received no other rehabilitation service. Functional performance gains following 6 to 8 weeks of services were significant (COPM; t(32) = −11.5, p &lt; .001; t(32) = −11.31, p &lt; .001; DASH; t(32) = 9.22, p &lt; .001; t(32) = −9.02, p &lt; .001). Effect sizes on the COPM and DASH ranged between 1.43 and 2.52. Progress in the clients’ goals was moderately correlated to progress in functional measures.
CONCLUSION. Clients with upper-extremity injury or surgery made strong, positive gains in functional measures following client-centered occupational therapy services. The COPM was the most sensitive to client change, followed by the DASH, and then the SF-36.
Weighted Wrist Cuffs for Tremor Reduction During Eating in Adults With Static Brain Lesions
Authors: McGruder Juli , Cors Denise , Tiernan Anne M. , Tomlin George 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study examined whether weighting the forearm during feeding decreased tremors and increased functional feeding in adults with intention tremor caused by static brain lesions.
METHOD. Five individuals with various diagnoses, ages 30–81, were videotaped during 8 or 16 meal sessions, alternating treatment and control conditions within each meal. In this single-case design, treatment consisted of application of a weighted fabric wrist cuff and the baseline (control) condition employed an identical cuff with the weights removed. Dependent variables studied were time to acquire and deliver a bite, grams of food eaten, number of times food was spilled, number of times a compensatory technique was used, participant self-rating, and investigator rating of the severity of the tremor.
RESULTS. All five participants demonstrated improvement during treatment in one or more of the dependent variables. t Tests of the means of baseline and treatment half-sessions incorporating conservative control of Type I error revealed the following statistically significant improvements under the weighted condition: Participants 3, 4, and 5 took less time to acquire a bite; Participants 4 and 5 made fewer spills; Participants 3 and 5 showed a diminished tremor. There were no statistically significant decreases in function on any variable for any participants during the weighted condition.
CONCLUSION. The application of weight to the wrist of a person with upper-extremity tremor is accompanied by some functional improvement in self-feeding for some individuals. The size of benefit seems to be sensitive to the amount of weight used.
The Immediate and Short-Term Effects of a Wrist Extension Orthosis on Upper-Extremity Kinematics and Range of Shoulder Motion
Authors: King Stephanie , Thomas Julie Jepsen , Rice Martin S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate upper-extremity kinematics and range of shoulder motion while wearing a wrist extension orthosis compared to the free hand at initial testing and after a week’s wear.
METHOD. A convenience sample of healthy women, ages 20–50 years, performed a stacking task and a pouring task, freehanded and splinted, at two times, 1 week apart in this counterbalanced, repeated measures design. A Motion Analysis 3-D system measured quality of movement and range of motion variables. A 2 by 2 analysis of variance (splinted vs. freehanded by time of testing) was used to analyze each variable.
RESULTS. In both tasks, participants tended to move more slowly (p = 0.005) with less direct movements (p &lt; .001) when wearing the orthosis. In stacking, splinted movements were also less smooth than when freehanded (p &lt; .0001). When splinted both tasks required more shoulder abduction (p &lt; .0001) and pouring required more shoulder flexion (p &lt; .0001). Participants demonstrated several improvements in quality of movement and amount of shoulder motion used after a weeks’ orthotic wear, indicating some adaptation to the orthosis with use.
CONCLUSION. In this study, a wrist extension orthosis interfered with the quality of upper-extremity movement and required more range of shoulder movement compared to the free hand. Future research is needed to determine whether persons with upper-extremity conditions (i.e., arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome) respond similarly to wrist orthoses. Therapists should consider discussing with patients how their wrist splint could affect their hand performance and help patients learn techniques to reduce stress on their proximal joints.
Adult Norms for a Commercially Available Nine Hole Peg Test for Finger Dexterity
Authors: Oxford Grice Kimatha , Vogel Kimberly A. , Le Viet , Mitchell Ana , Muniz Sonia , Vollmer Mary Ann 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Nine Hole Peg Test is commonly used by occupational therapists as a simple, quick assessment for finger dexterity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interrater and test–retest reliability of the commercially available Smith & Nephew Rehabilitation Division version of the Nine Hole Peg Test, and to establish new adult norms for the Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity utilizing this particular version. Two of the researchers established interrater and test–retest reliability by evaluating 25 occupational therapy student volunteers. Seven hundred and three subjects, ranging in age from 21 to 71+ years, were tested to establish norms, using the standard protocol. Results showed high interrater reliability and only moderate test–retest reliability. Scores obtained by using the commercially available version were not statistically different from previously published norms (Mathiowetz, Weber, Kashman, & Volland, 1985). This study supports the original norms and further assists occupational therapists to evaluate dexterity accurately.
The Nature of Clinical Reasoning With Groups: A Phenomenological Study of an Occupational Therapist in Community Mental Health
Authors: Ward Judith D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this paper is to examine the clinical reasoning of an occupational therapist in group practice in mental health. It emerged from a larger phenomenological study of expert occupational therapy practitioners in community mental health.
METHOD. Data were gathered through intensive, semi-structured interviews with 1 day of participant observation. Analysis was an iterative process in which emerging themes were identified for reflection and interpretation. Previously established categories of clinical reasoning were used as a structure for describing the results.
RESULTS. A rich description of clinical reasoning in psychosocial task groups is presented using interactive, narrative, conditional, and pragmatic reasoning. The gestalt of community practice is illustrated, as the therapist describes the multiple levels of consciousness used in her consideration of, and response to, clients within the context of the larger environment.
CONCLUSION. This study suggests that an examination of occupational therapy with psychosocial groups is a rich area for research to extend our understanding of clinical reasoning in occupational therapy.
Interrater Reliability and Discriminant Validity of the Deductive Reasoning Test
Authors: Goverover Yael , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of Toglia’s Deductive Reasoning test for individuals with brain injuries.
METHOD. Forty-two individuals with brain injuries and 51 participants without disabilities ranging in age from 18 to 84 years were given the Deductive Reasoning test three consecutive times. A between groups repeated measure design was used to examine differences between the two groups in performance of the Deductive Reasoning test across the three trials.
RESULTS. An interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was statistically significant, indicating good interrater reliability for participants without disabilities. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing performance across trials and between groups revealed a significant group main effect, F(1,91) = 52.68, p &lt; .001, thus, participants with brain injuries performed significantly lower on the test than participants without disabilities. This analysis also revealed a significant increase in all participants’ scores across trials, F(1.63, 148.67) = 35.094, p &lt; .001.
CONCLUSION. Findings confirm acceptable interrater reliability of the Deductive Reasoning test. Further, comparison of the performance of the two groups supports the discriminant validity of the Deductive Reasoning test for individuals with brain injuries. Thus, the Deductive Reasoning test was found to be an appropriate, valid, and reliable assessment tool for occupational therapists to assess deductive reasoning skills in individuals with brain injuries. Additional research is needed to continue to investigate the psychometric value of the Deductive Reasoning test so that clinicians and researchers can use it appropriately.
Quality of Life and Symptom Severity for Individuals With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Findings From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taylor Renée R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Chronic fatigue syndrome is a profoundly disabling condition characterized by severe, unrelenting fatigue and a number of other physical and cognitive symptoms. Currently, there is no cure or widely accepted treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome, and few rehabilitation programs exist to address quality of life issues in chronic fatigue syndrome. In the present randomized clinical trial, the effects of an integrative, con-sumer-driven rehabilitation program on quality of life and symptom severity for individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome were examined.
METHOD. Forty-seven participants were randomly assigned to either an immediate program group (n = 23) or a delayed program control group (n = 24) and assessed with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptom Rating Scale and the Quality of Life Index before the program, after program participants completed the group phase, and after program participants completed the one-on-one phase. It was hypothesized that the program would lead to improvements in quality of life and an overall reduction in symptom severity.
RESULTS. Linear growth models were estimated comparing program and control conditions over time using random-effects regression analyses. Significant condition by time interactions were observed for the main outcomes of symptom severity and overall quality of life. Effect sizes for these interactions involving symptom severity (Cohen’s d = 0.71) and overall quality of life (Cohen’s d = .66) were moderate.
CONCLUSIONS. Findings indicate that consumer driven programs such as this one can have a positive impact on symptom severity and quality of life over time for individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome.
Concerns About the Future Among Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Finlayson Marcia 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that causes demyelination of the central nervous system. Typically diagnosed in adulthood, it does not significantly reduce life expectancy. The goal of this exploratory study was to describe the health-related concerns and service needs of 27 older adults with MS, ages 55 to 81 years. Through in-depth interviews using a phenomenological approach, fear of the future was found to be a predominant concern among the participants. Within this fear, participants expressed particular concerns about experiencing further losses of mobility and independence, becoming a burden on caregivers, and having to move to a nursing home. The findings raise three major challenges for occupational therapists that include: (1) developing or modifying interventions that can enable older adults with MS to gain a sense of control over their future, (2) working with families affected by MS together with other disciplines such as psychology and social work, and (3) advocating for more and better community support options for persons with MS.
Outcomes of a Vocational Program for Persons With AIDS
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Braveman Brent , Finlayson Marcia , Paul-Ward Amy , Goldbaum Lauren , Goldstein Karen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Advances in medical treatment combined with changes in the demographics of persons who are becoming infected with autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have transformed this illness from a rapidly progressing to a chronically disabling condition in a short period of time. This paper describes the development, implementation, and outcomes of a program of vocational services for persons with AIDS. This program was studied using a single group design, in which participatory action research strategies were used to investigate and improve the program as it unfolded. In addition to examining the overall outcomes of services, the study aimed to discover which components were most helpful to participants and which participants were most likely to benefit from the program.
Of 129 participants of who initially enrolled, 39 dropped out before finishing the program. Sixty of the 90 participants who completed the program achieved employment, returned to school, or began a volunteer position or internship. Consequently, the overall success rate was 46.5% and the success rate for program completers was 66.7%. The occupational narrative, which participants told in their initial assessment interview, was closely associated with both program completion and successful outcomes. This association adds support to the importance of narrative for understanding participants and predicting future behavior, as well as for the therapy process.
Occupational Adaptation: The Experiences of Older Persons With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Bontje Peter , Kinébanian Astrid , Josephsson Staffan , Tamura Yumi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of occupational adaptation among a small number of older Dutch persons with physical disabilities. Occupational adaptation was tentatively defined as overcoming disabling influences on occupational functioning. Eight occupational therapy clients, who were living in the community, were interviewed using an open in-depth interview format. A phenomenological analysis resulted in descriptions of occupational adaptation as a process that required these clients’ active engagement. The clients recruited already familiar problem-solving strategies and personal resources as well as resources in their social and physical environments to identify prospects of potential solutions and to create solutions to overcome constraints on occupational functioning. Furthermore, participants strived for finding satisfaction through occupations, a meaning theme which emerged as the object of occupational adaptation. Satisfaction through occupations was found in maintaining daily routines and engaging in fulfilling occupations.
Cultural Tensions in Occupational Therapy Practice: Considerations From a Japanese Vantage Point
Authors: Kondo Tomoko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Culture not only assigns a name to occupation through its language, but it also shapes the form it takes and the meaning with which it is imbued. When an individual chooses an occupation, psychological and physical concerns as well as cultural practices, values, and beliefs come into play. Although occupational therapists are trained to be culturally competent, their grasp of the importance of cultural considerations can be enhanced through detailed accounts of the way in which such concerns affect clinical practice. In this paper, I describe in detail my observations of how differences between American and Japanese culture have created tensions in occupational therapy practice in Japan. Further, largely through a case presentation, I illustrate the necessity for incorporating in-depth cultural considerations as a central part of the occupational therapy process. I argue that the study of culture and the production of culture-specific occupational therapy theories will contribute to best practice. I conclude by demonstrating that universal as well as culture-specific theories are needed to nurture occupational therapy.
Visuospatial Inattention and Daily Life Performance in People With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Chiung-ju , McDowd Joan , Lin Keh-chung 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between visual inattention and daily life performance in people with Alzheimer’s disease.
METHODS. Twenty persons with Alzheimer’s disease (Mini Mental Status Exam [MMSE] &gt; 20) and 21 community dwelling persons (MMSE &gt;26) voluntarily participated in this study. One line bisection test and two cancellation tests were used for testing attention abilities. The Functional Spatial Abilities Questionnaire (FSAQ), the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and the behavioral subtests of the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) were used to assess daily functioning. The presence of visuospatial neglect in people with Alzheimer’s disease was determined by comparing performance on the three attention tests with the control group.
RESULTS. People with Alzheimer’s disease who omitted more targets on the symbol cancellation test showed more deficits on the behavioral subtests of the BIT (p = .02). They also used less systematic searching strategies (p = .001), spent more time looking for targets (p = .001), and made more commission errors (p = .007) than controls on the cancellation test. However, those with Alzheimer’s disease who had visuospatial neglect did not differ from those without neglect on the FSAQ, DAD, and most of the BIT behavioral subtests.
CONCLUSION. People with Alzheimer’s disease have visual inattention problems; however, visuospatial neglect did not interfere with their performance in daily activities as measured in this study. Further research focusing on the relationship between visual attention and daily life function as the disease progresses is suggested.
Acceptance and Meanings of Wheelchair Use in Senior Stroke Survivors
Authors: Barker Donna J. , Reid Denise , Cott Cheryl 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain understanding of the lived experience of senior stroke survivors who used prescribed wheelchairs in their homes and communities. The study involved semistructured, in-depth interviews that were conducted with 10 participants, ages 70 to 80 years old, who had used a wheelchair for a mean of 5.6 years. A constant comparative inductive method of analysis was performed.
Three different categories of acceptance of wheelchair use were identified; reluctant acceptance, grateful acceptance, and internal acceptance. Increased mobility, varied social response, and loss of some valued roles were common to all three wheelchair acceptance categories. Aspects of level of burden, freedom, and spontaneity varied in degree among the three acceptance categories. As the wheelchair provided opportunity for increased continuity in the lives of these stroke survivors, it appeared to be accepted more fully and viewed more positively. Prestroke lifestyle and values need to be carefully considered in order to maximize acceptance of wheelchair use among senior stroke survivors.