bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aus dem Nähkästchen geplaudert — Bewerbungstips von Personalchefs
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImmer wieder weisen Personalchefs, Arbeitsamtberater und Personalberater daraufhin, daß viele Bewerbungen, auch von Akademikern, an formalen Mängeln scheitern. Wer seine Bewerbungen immer wieder mit einer Absage zurückerhält, sollte daher seine Unterlagen einmal einer sorgfältigen Prüfung unterziehen.
Grünes Licht für das Bioindustrie‐Unternehmen Aventis
Authors: Hauthal Hermann G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNach Zustimmung der ausserordentlichen Hauptversammlungen von Rhǒne‐Poulenc und Hoechst zur Fusion sollen alle erforderlichen Transaktionen so zügig abgewickelt werden, dass der neue Aventis‐Konzern noch 1999 die Weltbühne betritt. Die Abspaltung der meisten Industrieaktivitäten auf die neue Celanese soll bereits im Oktober zu deren Börsengang in Frankfurt a. M. und New York führen.
Schülerinnen und Schüler studieren eine Woche auf Probe
Authors: Wiskamp Volker 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGerade wegen der zur Zeit unüberschaubaren Diskussion um die Bildung und die Chemieausbildung ist es wichtig, dass die verschiedenen Ausbildungssysteme aufeinander zugehen. Bei einem Probestudium können Schülerinnen in ihrem Wunsch, einen Beruf in einem der vorgestellten Fachgebiete zu erlernen, gestärkt werden oder erkennen, dass sie damit falsch liegen. Falls sie andere Berufsvorstellungen haben, lernen sie das Klima und die Anforderungen an einer Hochschule kennen.
“The battle of Trafalgar was not won in the Midlands”
Authors: Heidbüchel Jörg 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWer eine Zeit lang im Ausland studiert hat, bewirbt sich mit einem klaren Vorteil gegenüber einem entsprechend qualifizierten Mitbewerber ohne Auslandserfahrung urn eine Arbeitsstelle — das ist mittlerweile eine Binsenweisheit. Aber warum ist der Anteil der Studierenden, der sich diesen Vorteil verschafft, bisher so gering? Sind die Fachhochschulen hier möglicherweise weiter als die Universitäten?
Speziation messen — wieso und warum?
Authors: Wilken Rolf‐Dieter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDer Erfolg der chemischen Analytik bei der dramatischen Verkleinerung der Nachweisgrenzen hat es möglich gemacht, Teilmengen der Stoffe in ihren verschiedenen Bindungsformen (Speziation) sicher analysieren zu können. Dies führte rasch zu neuen Entwicklungen bei einer neuen Art der chemischen Analytik, der Speziesanalytik.
Umweltschutz in den USA: Made in Texas
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMit einer freiwilligen Vereinbarung, einem ortsabhängigen Budget für die Umweltbelastung und einer „Credit‐Börse”︁ schaffen es amerikanische Städte, die Luftverschmutzung zu verringern. Beispiel: Houston/Texas.
Dienstleister der Informationsgesellschaft: Naturwissenschaftler im Fachverlag
Authors: Waller Gudrun , Wichmann Bettina , Kellersohn Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie Vielfalt der Aufgabenstellungen und die beruflichen Entwicklungschancen, die sich Naturwissenschaftlern in einem Fachverlag bieten, werden häufig unterschätzt. Wer ein breit gefächertes Fachwissen und gute EDV‐Kenntnisse mit sprachlichem Ausdrucksvermögen, Organisationstalent und Teamfähigkeit zu verbinden weis, kann nach einem Einstieg als Volontär oder Trainee in verantwortungsvolle Tätigkeitsbereiche hineinwachsen. Die Berufe „Fachradakteur”︁ und „Fachlektor”︁ sind die naheliegendsten, aber keinesfalls die einzigen Möglichkeiten.
Trends in der Naturstoff‐Forschung
Authors: Erkel Gerhard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThemenschwerpunkte der 11. Irseer‐Naturstofftage der Dechema waren Tropenkrankheiten und ihre Bekämpfung, neue Perspektiven für den Pflanzenschutz sowie Resistenzentwicklung. Auch das diesjährige Treffen bot ein breites Forum für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus Universität, Forschungseinrichtungen und der Industrie.
Ein vielseitiges Werkzeug zur Darstellung von Kristallstrukturen
Authors: Cordier Gerhard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDIAMOND macht Kristallstrukturen anschaulich. Aus einer Vielzahl von (Datenbank‐)Formaten erstellt das Programm druckfertige Zeichnungen und zur Präsentation geeignete Bilder.
Inertial force term approximations for the use of Global Modal Parameterization for planar mechanisms
Authors: Naets F. , Heirman G. H. K. , Vandepitte D. , Desmet W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecently a new model reduction technique for flexible multibody systems has been introduced, namely the Global Modal Parameterization (GMP). This method uses a system‐level model reduction, in which the reduction is parameterized by the rigid position of the system and a small flexible deformation superposed on this rigid position. Because of the non‐linearity, the projection base for reduction is position dependent. This position dependence leads to strongly non‐linear inertial terms, with associated increased storage requirements and computational load. This paper gives a short overview of the GMP‐method and focuses predominantly on the derivation of the reduced inertial forces. Three different approximations for the inertial terms are presented and numerically validated. It is shown that a substantial reduction in storage requirements, while maintaining accurate results, is possible through these approximations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly of finite element methods on graphics processors
Authors: Cecka Cris , Lew Adrian J. , Darve E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecently, graphics processing units (GPUs) have had great success in accelerating many numerical computations. We present their application to computations on unstructured meshes such as those in finite element methods. Multiple approaches in assembling and solving sparse linear systems with NVIDIA GPUs and the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) are created and analyzed. Multiple strategies for efficient use of global, shared, and local memory, methods to achieve memory coalescing, and optimal choice of parameters are introduced. We find that with appropriate preprocessing and arrangement of support data, the GPU coprocessor using single‐precision arithmetic achieves speedups of 30 or more in comparison to a well optimized double‐precision single core implementation. We also find that the optimal assembly strategy depends on the order of polynomials used in the finite element discretization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithm developments for optimization problems with joint reliability constraints
Authors: Chan Kuei‐Yuan , Lin Dong‐Shin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for optimization under uncertainty with joint reliability constraints. Most existing research formulates constraints of random variables/parameters in probabilistic forms such that the probability of individual constraint satisfaction must be higher than a reliability target. However, engineering problems generally define reliability as the probability of satisfying constraints ‘jointly’ rather than individually. Calculating a joint reliability value requires a multiple integration over the feasible domain. This calculation is in most realistic cases impractical by use of exact methods and has become the major challenge in optimization. In this research we propose a filter‐based sequential quadratic programming algorithm with joint reliability constraints approximated by their upper bounds. This upper bound can be obtained analytically by considering the current design location, the reliability of satisfying each constraint, and the angles between every constraint pair. To further improve the efficiency of the algorithm, active‐set strategies are implemented such that intense reliability calculations only required for constraints that are likely to be active. The rest of the constraints are approximated to the level needed to understand whether constraints might become active in the next iteration. The efficiency of the proposed method enables the applications to general complex engineering problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrostatic simulation using XFEM for conductor and dielectric interfaces
Authors: Rochus Véronique , Van Miegroet Laurent , Rixen Daniel J. , Duysinx Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMany Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (e.g. RF‐switches, micro‐resonators and micro‐rotors) involve mechanical structures moving in an electrostatic field. For this type of problems, it is required to evaluate accurately the electrostatic forces acting on the devices. Extended Finite Element (X‐FEM) approaches can easily handle moving boundaries and interfaces in the electrostatic domain and seem therefore very suitable to model Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems. In this study we investigate different X‐FEM techniques to solve the electrostatic problem when the electrostatic domain is bounded by a conducting material. Preliminary studies in one‐dimension have shown that one can obtain good results in the computation of electrostatic potential using X‐FEM. In this paper the extension of these preliminary studies to 2D problem is presented. In particular, a new type of enrichment functions is proposed in order to treat accurately Dirichlet boundary conditions on the interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of multiple crack growth in brittle materials with adaptive remeshing
Authors: Azadi H. , Khoei A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an automated adaptive remeshing procedure is presented for simulation of arbitrary shape crack growth in multiple cracked bodies. The Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator is employed in conjunction with the modified superconvergent patch recovery (SPR) technique to obtain more accurate estimation of error. A stability analysis is performed to determine active cracks from a set of competitive cracks. Various crack growth criteria together with the respective crack trajectory prediction are compared. Several numerical examples are illustrated to demonstrate the efficiency, robustness and accuracy of computational algorithm in the simulation of multiple crack growth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessory navicular: A heritable accessory bone of the human foot
Authors: Offenbecker A. M. , Case D. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe accessory navicular is a supernumerary bone of the human foot located medial to the navicular tuberosity and represents a secondary center of ossification that has failed to fuse to the main body of the navicular. Three forms of the accessory bone have been identified: Type I is an independent ossicle that is often embedded within the tibialis posterior tendon; Type II is a triangular accessory bone that attaches to the navicular tuberosity by means of a cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous bridge; and Type III represents a fused Type II, which forms a hook‐like protuberance extending from the tuberosity. The Type II accessory navicular is the most common of the three forms and is the most readily identifiable in skeletal material since it causes the navicular tuberosity to become abnormally flattened and porous. The purpose of this study was to describe the various manifestations of the accessory navicular in dry bone, to present and compare frequency data for several skeletal populations, and to consider questions of laterality and sex bias in trait expression. In total, the skeletons of 497 Danes, 460 Euro‐Americans, 300 African Americans, 100 Japanese, and 205 Europeans were examined for the presence of the Type II accessory navicular. Overall frequencies for the five groups ranged from 2% in the African American sample to 5% in the Japanese sample. Since several family pedigrees have documented the accessory navicular as being an inherited skeletal defect, the relatively low frequency found in the present study makes this trait a potentially useful indicator of genetic relatedness within archaeological cemeteries. In addition, the trait was found to occur more often unilaterally than bilaterally and there was nearly equal incidence among males and females. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacogenetic tests in cancer chemotherapy: what physicians should know for clinical application
Authors: Lee Soo‐Youn , McLeod Howard L 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSignificant efforts to develop pharmacogenomic predictors have been made to guide more effective and safer chemotherapy. Although a considerable amount of data has been generated from numerous experimental or clinical studies, there is a large gap between pharmacogenomic knowledge and clinical application. This review will focus on eight pharmacogenetic tests including TYMS, DPYD, UGT1A1, CYP2D6, EGFR, KRAS, FCGR3A, and BRCA1/2 to predict toxicity or response to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. We will discuss the current level of evidence, if the current pharmacogenetic tests are appropriate for clinical application, and how to integrate the pharmacogenomic information into routine clinical practice. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic fetal autopsy in cases of medical termination of pregnancy due to chromosomal abnormalities: improving the quality of perinatal care?
Authors: Ramalho C. , Brandão O. , Matias A. , Montenegro N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesEvaluation of the clinical utility of systematically performing autopsy after termination of pregnancy (TOP) due to chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsA retrospective study of cases of TOP due to chromosomal abnormalities was performed between 1 January 2002 and 30 September 2007, in a tertiary referral hospital. A comparative study between prenatal ultrasonographic findings and postmortem findings was performed.ResultsThere were 57 cases of TOP due to chromosomal abnormalities. The median gestational age at TOP was 17 (range 14–24 weeks). There were 46 trisomies, 4 monosomies, 4 triploidies and 3 cases of structural anomalies. In 25 cases (43.9%) there was at least one major anomaly detected by ultrasound. In 15 cases (26.3%) additional information was obtained after fetal autopsy: in 7 cases further major structural anomalies were detected, and in 8 cases the presence of a major abnormality was not confirmed by the autopsy.ConclusionFetal autopsy may provide additional information to the ultrasonographic morphological evaluation of the fetus submitted to TOP due to chromosomal abnormalities. The combination of prenatal ultrasound and pathological examination can broaden our knowledge of the natural history of chromosomal anomalies in the earlier stages of development and eventually contribute to improve the quality of perinatal care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR volumetry of the normal fetal kidney: reference values
Authors: Michielsen Katrijn , Meersschaert Joke , De Keyzer Frederik , Cannie Mieke , Deprest Jan , Claus Filip 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to provide reference values for normal fetal kidney growth based on magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry. Differences in side and gender will be investigated.MethodThe institute's database was reviewed for all fetal MR examinations of singleton pregnancies performed between January 2003 and December 2009. Exclusion criteria for renal volumetry were presence of urogenital anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation, polymalformative disorders, oligo‐ or anhydramnios and maternal diabetes. On anatomical images, renal volumetry was evaluated by delineating kidneys on all slices and combining these into one volume measurement per kidney. Polynomial regression analysis was performed to examine volume evolution over gestational age (GA).ResultsBilateral renal volumes of 274 MR examinations in 240 fetuses with GAs between 20 and 37 weeks were calculated. The renal volumes strongly correlated with GA (polynomial regression analysis, p < 0.001). No significant difference could be observed between the left and right renal volume and between male and female (p = 0.12 and 0.68, respectively). For fetuses GA ≥ 30 weeks the right kidney was slightly larger than the left side (n = 100, p = 0.039).ConclusionThe present study provides reference data for normal fetal renal volumes, which may enable to identify fetuses at risk to develop congenital oligonephropathy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal spinal anomalies in a first‐trimester sonographic screening program for aneuploidy
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Wong Amy E. , Fauchon David E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo review the sonographic features of spinal anomalies in first‐trimester fetuses presenting for screening for chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsFetuses with a spinal abnormality diagnosed prenatally or postnatally that underwent first‐trimester sonographic evaluation at our institution had their clinical information retrieved and their sonograms reviewed.ResultsA total of 21 fetuses complied with the entry criteria including eight with body stalk anomaly, seven with spina bifida, two with Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, and Limb (VACTERL) association, and one case each of isolated kyphoscoliosis, tethered cord, iniencephaly, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. One fetus with body stalk anomaly and another with VACTERL association also had a myelomeningocele, making a total of nine cases of spina bifida in our series. Five of the nine (56%) cases with spina bifida, one of the two cases with VACTERL association, and the cases with tethered cord and sacrococcygeal teratoma were undiagnosed in the first trimester. Although increased nuchal translucency was found in seven (33%) cases, chromosomal analysis revealed only one case of aneuploidy in this series.ConclusionsFetal spinal abnormalities diagnosed in the first trimester are usually severe and frequently associated with other major defects. The diagnosis of small defects is difficult and a second‐trimester scan is still necessary to detect most cases of spina bifida. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long term bed rest with and without vibration exercise countermeasures: Effects on human muscle protein dysregulation
Authors: Moriggi Manuela , Vasso Michele , Fania Chiara , Capitanio Daniele , Bonifacio Gaetano , Salanova Michele , Blottner Dieter , Rittweger Jörn , Felsenberg Dieter , Cerretelli Paolo , Gelfi Cecilia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe present investigation, the first in the field, was aimed at analyzing differentially, on individual samples, the effects of 55 days of horizontal bed rest, a model for microgravity, on myosin heavy and myosin light chain isoforms distribution (by SDS) and on the proteome (by 2‐D DIGE and MS) in the vastus lateralis (VL), a mixed type II/I (∼50:50%) head of the quadriceps and in the calf soleus (SOL), a predominantly slow (∼35:65%) twitch muscle. Two separate studies were performed on six subjects without (BR) and six with resistive vibration exercise (RVE) countermeasures, respectively. Both VL and SOL underwent in BR decrements of ∼15% in cross‐sectional area and of ∼22% in maximal torque that were prevented by RVE. Myosin heavy chain distribution showed increased type I and decreased type IIA in BR both in VL and in SOL, the opposite with RVE. A substantial downregulation of proteins involved in aerobic metabolism characterized both in SOL and VL in BR. RVE reversed the pattern more in VL than in SOL, whereas proteins involved in anaerobic glycolysis were upregulated. Proteins from the Z‐disk region and from costamers were differently dysregulated during bed rest (both BR and RVE), particularly in VL.
Proteomic identification of microRNA‐122a target proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Diao Shu , Zhang Jin‐fang , Wang Hua , He Ming‐liang , Lin Marie Chia‐mi , Chen Yangchao , Kung Hsiang‐fu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractmicroRNA‐122a (miR‐122a) is a liver‐specific miRNA that is frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact functional role of miR‐122a and its target in HCC remain largely unknown. We developed a lentiviral vector for the expression of pre‐miR‐122a (Lenti‐miR‐122a). Lenti‐miR‐122a inhibited HCC cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. We employed proteomic profiling to identify the target proteins of miR‐122a. In total, ten proteins with differential expression in HCC cells infected with Lenti‐miR‐122a were identified. Amongst them, downregulation of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDXII) by miR‐122a was validated by Western blotting. Using bioinformatics analysis, predictable target sites of miR‐122a were identified in the 5′‐UTR of PRDXII mRNA. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the regulation of miR‐122a on 5′‐UTR of PRDXII. In conclusion, PRDXII was identified to be the new target of miR‐122a.
Thermoelectric properties of dual‐element‐filled skutterudites LaxCa0.1Co4Sb12
Authors: Luo P. L. , Li K. , Xie J. , Zhu T. J. , Zhao X. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe partially filled LaxCa0.1Co4Sb12(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) skutterudites have been prepared by a simple melt‐annealing method followed by hot pressing. In this study, charge‐transport properties including the electrical conductivityσ, the Seebeck coefficientα, the thermal conductivityκ, and the Hall coefficient were presented. La–Ca double filling can effectively improve the thermoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity increases dramatically on increasing La content, while the lattice thermal conductivity decreases substantially, leading to a large increase of theZTvalue. An increasedZTvalue of 0.75 has been obtained for La0.4Ca0.1Co4Sb12at 735 K.
Significant enhancement of critical current density in MgB2 with HgO doping under high pressure
Authors: Cui Yajing , Chen Yongliang , Yang Ye , Hong Shiming , Cheng Cuihua , Zhao Yong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of HgO‐doped MgB2 samples have been prepared under high pressure. Even 27 and 43 wt% impurities have been observed in the Mg1.05−x(HgO)xB2 samples with x = 0.05 and 0.075, the critical current density, Jc, have been significantly improved under both low and high magnetic fields. XRD and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed that HgO reacted with Mg to form MgHg alloy. The formation of MgHg alloy contributed not only to the refinement of MgB2 grain size and improvement of grain connection, but also to homogeneous distribution of a large amount of impurities in the MgB2 matrix. As a consequence, grain‐boundary pinning was strengthened and new point pinning was generated. Effective improvement of flux pinning together with the very high impurity tolerance in HgO‐doped MgB2 samples might provide another potential route to prepare high‐performance MgB2 bulks and wires on an industrial scale.
Crystal structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of Sr1.1K0.9FeMoO6 double perovskite
Authors: Huo Guoyan , Yan Xu , Shi Pengfei , Zhang Hongrui , Wang Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure and physical properties of the double perovskite Sr1.1K0.9FeMoO6 have been investigated. The structure of this double‐perovskite compound is assigned to a tetragonal system with space group I4/mmm and X‐ray diffraction data suggest that the Fe and Mo ions are partially ordered on B‐sites. Thermal magnetization demonstrates that the metamagnetic transition temperature is about 275 K. At room temperature the isothermal magnetization, M–H, shows that the saturation magnetic moment per formula unit in the direction of the magnetization is 3.22µB (300 K). The electrical resistivity is mainly governed by the Stoner spin fluctuation scattering below the metamagnetic transition and by spin waves and phonon scattering above 275 K. Evident magnetoresistance can be observed under 0.5 and 1.0 T magnetic fields in the studied temperature range.