bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute symptoms of depression and traumatic stress in men and women who terminate pregnancy after the detection of fetal anomaly: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bekkhus Mona , Oftedal Aurora , Haugen Guttorm , Mortensen Berit , Kaasen Anne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess acute and long‐term stress in men and women after the detection of fetal anomalies leading to pregnancy termination.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTertiary referral centre for fetal medicine.PopulationFrom the initial sample of 180 pregnant women with a fetal anomaly detected by ultrasound examination, a total of 87 women terminated their pregnancy, with 72 partners included in the sample. At the time of detection, the group of women (n = 93) and their partners (n = 81) who did not terminate the pregnancy following a diagnosis were included as a comparison group.MethodsThese women and their partners were asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) questionnaires, both at the time of initial detection and at 6 weeks after the termination of the pregnancy.Main outcome measuresResponses to the EPDS and the IES at the time of initial detection and at 6 weeks after pregnancy termination.ResultsWomen who underwent pregnancy termination reported higher symptom levels of depression, but not traumatic stress, prior to the termination than women who chose not to terminate their pregnancy. Among men, there was a difference across depression and all subscales of traumatic stress (e.g. IES intrusion: mean difference 5.31; 95% CI 2.32–8.31). Women experienced more depressive symptoms over time than men (β = 4.33, P < 0.001) and higher symptom levels on all subscales of traumatic stress (e.g. IES intrusion: β = 5.27; P < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall, our study underscores the heightened levels of depression and traumatic stress experienced by prospective parents, particularly prior to the decision to terminate a pregnancy following the detection of a fetal anomaly. Although women generally report more pronounced symptoms, it is noteworthy that men also experience considerable traumatic stress during this challenging time.
Impact of lifeguard oxygen therapy on the resuscitation of drowning victims: Results from an Utstein Style for Drowning Study
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Roberts Kym , Devine Susan , Leggat Peter A , Franklin Richard C 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionNo published evidence was identified regarding the use of oxygen in the treatment of drowning in two recent systematic reviews. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of on scene, pre‐Emergency Medical Services (EMS) oxygen therapy by lifeguards in the resuscitation of drowning victims.MethodWe conducted a retrospective case match analysis of drowning patients presenting to the EDs of Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service. Patients were matched for age, sex and severity of drowning injury. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by EMS and the ED, as well as admission to the Intensive Care Unit.ResultsThere were 108 patients in each group. Median (IQR) age was 22 (15–43) in the oxygen group and 23 (15–44) years in the non‐oxygen group. There were 45 females in the oxygen group and 41 females in the non‐oxygen group. Sixteen patients had suffered cardiac arrest and three patients respiratory arrest in each group. There were five deaths in each group. Initial oxygen saturation on arrival of EMS was identical in both groups 89.2% (±19.9) in the oxygen group versus 89.3% (±21.1) (P = 0.294) in the non‐oxygen group. The oxygen group required PPV more frequently with EMS (19 vs 11, P < 0.01) and in the ED (19 vs 15, P < 0.01).ConclusionOn scene treatment with oxygen by lifeguards did not improve oxygenation or outcomes in drowning patients.
Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis “Fall risk in adults (00303)” in elderly people in the community‐dwelling
Authors: Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Diogo Regina Célia dos Santos , dos Santos Neto Alexandre Pereira , Djinan Alice Regina Felipe Silva , Lima Eveline Fontes Costa , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo identify the risk factors for the nursing diagnosis of fall risk in adults (00303) in elderly people in the community‐dwelling.MethodThis is a methodological study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with elderly people living in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, from February to December 2018. For data collection, the demographic profile, Mini‐Mental State Examination, diseases self‐reported, functional independence measure, Lawton and Brody scale, geriatric depression scale, and self‐perception of gait instruments were used. Tests of accuracy and association of risk factors with p ≤ 0.05 were performed.FindingsA total of 262 elderly people, aged over 80 years (55.7%), 71% of which were female and 42.7% were widowed, were included in the sample. A total of 82.1% had vascular diseases, 72.1% had diabetes, and 20.6% had depression. The predominant risk factors were difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (58.8%), cognitive dysfunction (43.5%), and depressive symptoms (26.3%). Difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living had a sensitivity greater than 60%. The positive and negative predictive values were mostly greater than 50%. In the regression analysis, it was found that the elderly have a higher risk of suffering a fall if they present anxiety (p = 0.05), impaired physical mobility (p = 0.02), and difficulty to perform instrumental activities of daily living as risk factors (p = 0.03).ConclusionIt was possible to identify the presence of risk factors for the diagnosis fall risk in adults (00303) in the clinical context of the elderly in home settings and contribute to the clinical validation of the taxonomy, increase the evidence and importance of the diagnosis, and generate new knowledge for gerontological nursing.Implications for nursing practiceTo help nurses identify risk factors that lead elderly people to suffer falls at home and to implement preventive actions in their community with the support of their families.
Bayesian radiocarbon modelling for beginners
Authors: Buck Caitlin E. , Juárez Miguel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to freely available, tailored software, Bayesian statistics is now the dominant paradigm for archaeological chronology construction in the UK and much of Europe and is increasing in popularity in the Americas. Such software provides users with powerful tools for Bayesian inference for chronological models with little need to undertake formal study of statistical modelling or computer programming. This runs the risk that it is reduced to the status of a black box, which is not sensible given the power and complexity of the modelling tools it implements. In this paper we seek to offer intuitive insight to ensure that readers from the archaeological research community who use Bayesian chronological modelling software will be better able to make well educated choices about the tools and techniques they adopt. Our hope is that they will then be both better informed about their own research designs and better prepared to offer constructively critical assessments of the modelling undertaken by others.
Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's experiences of midwifery care: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: McNeil Deborah , Elliott Sarah A. , Wong Angie , Kromm Seija , Bialy Liza , Montesanti Stephanie , Purificati‐Fuñe Adam , Juul Sonje , Roach Pamela , Bromely Jackie , Tailfeathers Esther , Amyotte Maddie , Oster Richard T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of midwifery, and especially Indigenous midwifery, care for Indigenous women and communities has not been comprehensively reviewed. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a mixed‐methods systematic review to understand Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's' experiences with midwifery care.MethodsWe searched nine databases to identify primary studies reporting on midwifery and Indigenous maternal and infant birth outcomes and experiences, published in English since 2000. We synthesized quantitative and qualitative outcome data using a convergent segregated mixed‐methods approach and used a mixed‐methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (ATSI QAT) was used to appraise the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in the evidence.ResultsOut of 3044 records, we included 35 individual studies with 55% (19 studies) reporting on maternal and infant health outcomes. Comparative studies (n = 13) showed no significant differences in mortality rates but identified reduced preterm births, earlier prenatal care, and an increased number of prenatal visits for Indigenous women receiving midwifery care. Quality of care studies indicated a preference for midwifery care among Indigenous women. Sixteen qualitative studies highlighted three key findings ‐ culturally safe care, holistic care, and improved access to care. The majority of studies were of high methodological quality (91% met ≥80% criteria), while only 14% of studies were considered to have appropriately included Indigenous perspectives.ConclusionThis review demonstrates the value of midwifery care for Indigenous women, providing evidence to support policy recommendations promoting midwifery care as a physically and culturally safe model for Indigenous women and families.
Modelling bone metastasis in spheroids to study cancer progression and screen cisplatin efficacy
Authors: Suurmond Ceri‐Anne E. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost bone metastases are caused by primary breast or prostate cancer cells settling in the bone microenvironment, affecting normal bone physiology and function and reducing 5‐year survival rates to 10% and 6%, respectively. To expedite clinical availability of novel and effective bone metastases treatments, reliable and predictive in vitro models are urgently required to screen for novel therapies as current in vitro 2D planar mono‐culture models do not accurately predict the clinical efficacy. We herein engineered a novel human in vitro 3D co‐culture model based on spheroids to study dynamic cellular quantities of (breast or prostate) cancer cells and human bone marrow stromal cells and screen chemotherapeutic efficacy and specificity of the common anticancer drug cisplatin. Bone metastatic spheroids (BMSs) were formed rapidly within 24 h, while the morphology of breast versus prostate cancer BMS differed in terms of size and circularity upon prolonged culture periods. Prestaining cell types prior to BMS formation enabled confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis of in‐spheroid cellular dynamics for up to 7 days of BMS culture. We found that cancer cells in BMS proliferated faster and were less susceptible to cisplatin treatment compared to 2D control cultures. Based on these findings and the versatility of our methodology, BMS represent a feasible 3D in vitro model for screening of new bone cancer metastases therapies.
Insufficient numbers and poor working conditions for rangers protecting tigers
Authors: Gray Thomas N. E. , Belecky Michael , Singh Rohit , Moreto William D. , Chapman Stuart 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtected area rangers are planetary health care workers and are at the frontline of the protection of wildlife and wild places. Ensuring that there are sufficient rangers in protected areas, and that these rangers are equipped and provided with decent working conditions, is critical to protecting iconic species such as tiger Panthera tigris. Using data from a global survey of public‐sector ranger numbers, we estimate the shortfall in the number of rangers required to safeguard protected areas in Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) across the 10 Asian countries with breeding tigers. We calculate the cost required to address this shortfall in ranger numbers. We also estimate the costs for meeting a subset of the welfare needs of rangers aligned to the Chitwan Declaration of the World Ranger Congress. We estimate that a minimum of 12,500 more rangers are required across ~320,000 km2 of tiger‐bearing protected areas. We estimate this would cost US$ 45.8 million annually. The majority (63%) of these rangers are required in three Southeast Asian countries, which have declining tiger numbers. To meet a subset of the basic welfare needs of rangers, we estimate that an additional US$ 7.8 million is required annually across the 10 countries. While the funding gap that we estimate excludes many aspects of effective protected area management, we provide further evidence that protected areas in the biodiverse tropics remain underfunded. Increasing funding for rangers is a critical component of what is required to protect the tiger and tiger landscapes. We urge tiger range country governments, and the global conservation community, to secure this funding. Increasing the numbers of rangers, and effectively supporting their welfare, will increase our ability to protect the tiger and the ecologically significant landscapes in which it occurs.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR439459, a TGFβ inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors: Findings from a phase 1/1b study
Authors: Baranda Joaquina C. , Robbrecht Debbie , Sullivan Ryan , Doger Bernard , Santoro Armando , Barve Minal , Grob Jean‐Jacques , Bechter Oliver , Vieito Maria , de Miguel Maria Jose , Schadendorf Dirk , Johnson Melissa , Pouzin Clemence , Cantalloube Cathy , Wang Rui , Lee Jooyun , Chen Xiaofei , Demers Brigitte , Amrate Amele , Abbadessa Giovanni , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSAR439459 (SAR'459), a “second‐generation” human anti‐transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody, enhances the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this phase I/Ib study, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR'459 ± cemiplimab (intravenous) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Increasing doses of SAR'459 were administered every 2 or 3 weeks (Q2W, Q3W) alone (Part 1A) or with 3 mg/kg cemiplimab Q2W or 350 mg Q3W (Part 1B). In Part 2A (dose expansion), melanoma patients were randomly (1:1) administered 22.5 or 7.5 mg/kg SAR'459. In Part 2B (dose expansion), 22.5 mg/kg SAR'459 and 350 mg cemiplimab Q3W were administered. The primary end points were maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum administered dose (MAD; Part 1), preliminary antitumor activity (Part 2B), and optimal monotherapy dose (Part 2A). Twenty‐eight and 24 patients were treated in Parts 1A and 1B, respectively; MTD was not reached, MAD was 15 (Q2W) and 22.5 mg/kg (Q3W) alone and in combination, respectively. Fourteen and 95 patients, including 14 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, were treated in Parts 2A and 2B, respectively. The population PK model yielded satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit plots and adequately described the observed data by a two‐compartment PK model with linear elimination. Objective responses were not observed in Parts 1 and 2A. In Part 2B, objective response rate was 8.4% and 7.1% across tumor types and the HCC cohort, respectively. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse effects were hemorrhagic events (43.5%), keratoacanthoma (6.8%), and skin neoplasms (6.2%). Fatal bleeding occurred in 21.4% HCC patients despite the implementation of mitigation measures. SAR'459 monotherapy and combination with cemiplimab appeared relatively safe and tolerable in limited number of patients in dose escalation. However, the study was discontinued due to the unclear efficacy of SAR'459 and bleeding risk, particularly in HCC patients.
Gene expression profiling in porocarcinoma indicates heterogeneous tumor development and substantiates poromas as precursor lesions
Authors: Holst Svenja , Weber Anna K. , Meier Friedegund , Otte Jörg , Petzsch Patrick , Reifenberger Julia , Wachtmeister Thorsten , Westphal Dana , Ziemer Mirjana , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James , Betz Regina C. , Rütten Arno , Surowy Harald M. , Redler Silke 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackground and objectivesMalignant sweat gland tumors are rare, with the most common being eccrine porocarcinoma (EP). Approximately 18% of benign eccrine poroma (EPO) transit to EP. Previous research has provided first insights into the mutational landscape of EP. However, only few studies have performed gene expression analyses. This leaves a gap in the understanding of EP biology and potential drivers of malignant transformation from EPO to EP.MethodsTranscriptome profiling of 23 samples of primary EP and normal skin (NS). Findings from the EP samples were then tested in 17 samples of EPO.ResultsTranscriptome profiling revealed diversity in gene expression and indicated biologically heterogeneous sub‐entities as well as widespread gene downregulation in EP. Downregulated genes included CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, CDC42, ANXA2, KFL9 and NOP53. Expression levels of CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, ANXA2, and NOP53 showed a stepwise‐reduction in expression from NS via EPO to EP, thus supporting the hypothesis that EPO represents a transitional state in EP development.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that EP is molecularly complex and that evolutionary trajectories correspond to tumor initiation and progression. Our results provide further evidence implicating the p53 axis and the EGFR pathway. Larger samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
High consistency of cheating and honesty in early childhood
Authors: Zheng Yi , Lee Kang , Zhao Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThree preregistered studies examined whether 5‐year‐old children cheat consistently or remain honest across multiple math tests. We observed high consistency in both honesty and cheating. All children who cheated on the first test continued cheating on subsequent tests, with shorter cheating latencies over time. In contrast, 77% of initially honest children maintained honesty despite repeated failure to complete the tests successfully. A brief integrity intervention helped initially honest children remain honest but failed to dissuade initially cheating children from cheating. These findings demonstrate that cheating emerges early and persists strongly in young children, underscoring the importance of early prevention efforts. They also suggest that bolstering honesty from the start may be more effective than attempting to remedy cheating after it has occurred.Research Highlights
Our research examines whether 5‐year‐old children, once they have started cheating, will continue to do so consistently.
We also investigate whether 5‐year‐old children who are initially honest will continue to be honest subsequently.
We discovered high consistency in both honesty and cheating among 5‐year‐old children.
Almost all the children who initially cheated continued this behavior, while those who were honest stayed honest.
A brief integrity‐boosting intervention successfully helped 5‐year‐old children maintain their honesty. However, the same intervention failed to deter cheaters from cheating again.
These findings underscore the importance of implementing integrity intervention as early as possible, potentially before children have had their first experience of cheating.
Real‐life hypoglycaemia partially blunts the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ajie Mandala , van Heck Julia I. P. , Verhulst Clementine E. M. , Fabricius Therese W. , Hendriksz Marijn S. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , de Galan Bastiaan , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo determine whether recent repeated exposure to real‐life hypoglycaemia affects the pro‐inflammatory response during a hypoglycemia episode.Materials and MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of a hyperinsulinaemic normoglycaemic‐hypoglycaemic clamp study, involving 40 participants with type 1 diabetes. Glucose levels 1 week before the clamp were monitored using a Freestyle Libre 1. Blood was drawn during normoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia, and 24 hours after resolution of hypoglycaemia for measurements of inflammatory responses and counterregulatory hormone levels. We determined the relationship between the frequency and duration of spontaneous hypoglycaemia, and time below range (TBR) and the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycaemia.ResultsOn average, participants experienced 0.79 (0.43, 1.14) hypoglycaemia episodes per day, with a duration of 78 (47, 110) minutes and TBR of 5.5% (2.8%, 8.5%). TBR and hypoglycaemia frequency were inversely associated with the increase in circulating granulocyte and lymphocyte counts during experimental hypoglycaemia (P < .05 for all). A protein network consisting of DNER, IF‐R, uPA, Flt3L, FGF‐5 and TWEAK was negatively associated with hypoglycaemia frequency (P < .05), but not with the adrenaline response. Neither other counterregulatory hormones, nor hypoglycaemia awareness status, was associated with any of the inflammatory parameters markers.ConclusionsRepeated exposure to spontaneous hypoglycaemia is associated with blunted effects of subsequent experimental hypoglycaemia on circulating immune cells and the number of inflammatory proteins.
Battling for hearts and minds: Sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East
Authors: Kelkitli Fatma Aslı 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East through the utilization of Joseph Nye's soft power concept. The study is based on three claims. The first claim argues that there exists an increasing discrepancy between espoused values and actual practices in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia at home, which may undermine their soft power. The second claim contends that cognizant of the fact that the Palestinian cause is a major concern for most of the Middle Eastern people, all of the three states pursue an active foreign policy to alleviate the plight of the Palestinians. Finally, the last claim upholds that Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia have been benefitting, albeit to varying extents, from high culture products such as education and popular culture products such as mass entertainment and tourism to appeal to the public in the Middle East.