bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Fos brain mapping of global and subunit-specific NMDA receptor antagonists: Relevance for their potential use as antidepressants
Authors: Inta D. , Lima J. , Filipovic D. , Köhr G. , Sprengel R. , Gass P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNMDA receptor antagonists as ketamine represent fast-acting alternatives to monoaminergic-based antidepressants. Major drawbacks of these drugs are psychosis-like states and cortical neurotoxicity, effects correlating with potent activation of the cingulated and retrosplenial cortex. The molecular mechanisms underlying these side-effects have not been deciphered yet.AimsWe aimed to determine potential molecular components of the NMDA receptor implicated in their psychotomimetic action and investigated whether subunit-specific NMDA receptor antagonists also induce similar neurotoxic changes as ketamine.MethodTo investigate deleterious effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, we used brain mapping with the immediate early gene c-Fos. We analyzed the expression pattern of c-Fos in brain areas responsible for deleterious adverse events, after treatment with ketamine and the NR2B subunit-specific antagonist Ro 25-6981, both in wild-type and knockout mice, lacking either the entire NR2A subunit (NR2A ko mice) or its intracellular C-terminus (NR2A deltaC mice).ResultsIn contrast to ketamine (10mg/kg), Ro 25-6981, even at high dosages (50mg/kg) does not induce any c-Fos expression in the cingulated and retrosplenial cortex of wildtype mice. However, Ro 65-2981 evokes, both in NR2A ko mice and NR2A deltaC mice, strong c-Fos expression in these areas.ConclusionsOur data indicate that blockade of both NR2A and NR2B subunits is necessary to induce deleterious effects specific for ketamine. Deletion of the C-terminus of the NR2A subunit is sufficient to disinhibit, together with pharmacological NR2B blockade, neuronal networks associated with psychosis. Therefore, NR2B antagonists may represent safer alternatives to ketamine as potential antidepressants.
The evaluation of the rate of major depression in those who use norplant at shiraz Hafez hospital
Authors: Kavari S.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression is a serious condition that can impact every area of your life. Female depression and even the pattern of symptoms are often different.AimsThe aim of this research study is to investigate the rate of server depression in those who use propellant. In order to achieve this objective, 260 patients volunteered to participate in this investigation and they were referred to the family planning clinic at Hafez hospital, and were planted capsule of Norplant.MethodsIn order to further fulfill selection process of patients suitable for this project, 200 of the most suitable candidates who suffered from even minor depression but had no history of congenital and familial major depression were selected and considered fit for this research work.ResultsThe results drawn from this investigative study can be summarized as follows;1-The relationships between progesterone in anti pregnancy compound tablets, major depression and anxiety were recognized from many years ago. Norplant which is progestin itself can also be regarded as the cause of these conditions.2-This investigation concluded that, among those patients studied, only 0.5% started having major depression as a result of the plantation. Therefore, Norplant was removed from their body.ConclusionsA good consultation, awareness, correct guidance and efficient method of educating people before using Norplant, seeking prompt referral advice and future follow ups, will result in an effective way of preventing, diagnosis and treatment of these side effect conditions.
Major depressive disorder, anhedonia, and agomelatine: An open-label study
Authors: Martinotti G. , Di Iorio G. , Guglielmo R. , De Berardis D. , Janiri L. , Di Giannantonio M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionToday there is a large number of antidepressant drugs. However, the effect of treatment is often suboptimal. Unlike other antidepressants agomelatine has a novel neurochemical mechanism. It is an MT1 and MT2 melatonergic receptor agonist and a selective antagonist of the 5-HT2C receptors. In this open-label 8-week study we aimed to investigate the efficacy of agomelatine on depressive symptoms in patients with major depression. Secondary endpoints were the effect of agomelatine on anhedonia.MethodsThirty major depressive patients received a flexible dose (25–50 mg; per os, daily) of agomelatine. Depressive (Hamilton Depression Scale) and anxious (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) symptoms, anhedonia (Snaith Hamilton Rating Scale), and sleep quality (Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire) were assessed.ResultsTwenty-four patients (80%) completed 8 weeks of treatment. Significant improvements were seen at all visits on the HAM-D (p< .05), HAM-A(p< .01), SHAPS (p< .05), LSEQ (p< .05). Nine subjects (30%) were responders and 5 (17%) remitters at week 1; 18 (60%) were remitters by the end of the trial. There was no serious adverse event. No aminotrasferase elevations were noted.DiscussionIn line with previous studies, in which agomelatine was associated with early clinical improvement this study also provides evidence of an early response and the findings of improvements in depression scores. Beside this is the first study where agomelatine was effective in the treatment of anhedonia. Additional trials are needed to delineate the place of agomelatine in the contemporary pharmacotherapy for depressive disorders.
Moderate exercise improves quality of life in patients with non-remitted major depressive disorder
Authors: Mota Pereira J. , Silvério J. , Carvalho S. , Ribeiro J.C. , Fonte D. , Saavedra I. , Ribeiro da Silva M.H. , Ramos J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn recent years, physical exercise has shown some promising results as an adjuvant therapy for several psychological disorders, helping to improve not only depression parameters but also quality of life. However, and due to the different populations, settings and exercise programs, not all studies have shown a positive association.AimsTo assess the effect of a moderate intensity 12 week exercise program on the quality of life of a population sample of patients with non-remitted Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).MethodsStudy design Prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel assignment. Population 150 individuals diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria, taking combined therapy in doses considered appropriate for at least 9 months, without showing clinical remission, defined as having an HAMD17 total score ≤ 7, attending the out-patient psychiatry clinic, were initially screened through an interview with a psychiatrist. Those meeting study criteria were randomized to one of two groups: control (N = 11) and aerobic exercise (N = 22). Study protocol Exercise group: moderate intensity exercise program for 12 weeks, in addition to their usual pharmacological therapy. Control group: regular daily activities and their usual pharmacological therapy. Instruments WHOQOL-Bref and SF-36, two validated instruments to assess quality of life.ResultsAt the end of the exercise program, participants in the exercise group showed improvement on the physical domain of SF-36 and on the social domain of WHOQOL-Bref (p < 0.05).ConclusionsResults suggest that exercise could help improve some aspects of the quality of life in non-remitted MDD patients.
Tinnitus severity and the relation to depressive symptoms: A critical study
Authors: Ooms E. , Meganck R. , Vanheule S. , Vinck B. , Watelet J.-B. , Dhooge I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionResearch indicates that subjective tinnitus severity varies among tinnitus patients. One of the variables held responsible for these differences is depression. However the relationship between depression and tinnitus severity was never investigated more in depth.ObjectivesIf depression is responsible for differences in subjective tinnitus severity two conditions need to be fulfilled. First, there should be evidence for the presence of moderate to severe depressive symptomatology in a substantial group, and second, there should be evidence for a substantial relationship between depressive symptoms and tinnitus severity which can not be explained due to method and content overlap.AimsIn this study we investigated whether tinnitus severity is a depression related problem.Methods136 consecutive help-seeking tinnitus patients were seen by a psychologist and an audiologist. All patients filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and underwent psychoacoustic measurement (pitch and loudness).ResultsMean scores indicate the presence of no or minimal depressive symptoms. There was only a positive correlation (p < .01) between the BDI-II and the THI. No correlations were found between psychoacoustic measures and the self-report questionnaires. Linear regression analysis revealed that only the somatic depression subscale significantly predicted tinnitus severity.ConclusionsTinnitus does not seem to be a depression-like problem. There is no substantial group of tinnitus patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. The relation between depressive symptoms and tinnitus severity seems to be an artefact due to content overlap between de THI and the somatic subscale of the BDI-II.
Are greeks SAD?
Authors: Darai N. , Voura N. , Papanikolaou K. , Koukoulas G. , Angelidis G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is thought to be related to a lack of serotonin, or according to other theories, the primary cause is melatonin produced in the pineal gland, since there are direct connections between the retina and the pineal gland.ObjectiveTo demonstrate cases of SAD treated in the CMHC of Katerini(northern Greece), in 2009.MaterialArchives of the adult-clinic of the CMHC in 2009.Method/resultsThe CMHC accepted 3294 people (1517:males/1777:females) in 2009. 280 were diagnosed with depression (48:males/232:females). 96 were newcomers (22: males/74:females) seeking for session the fall-spring period, complaining about mood swings as daylight hours began to dwindle.In September: 72 depression cases were reported (63:women/9:men). In December: 92 (73:women/19:men). The references were amazingly high: 84 (71:females/13:males) in March. More than ¾ of all sufferers were women,most in their 40s, correlating with international literature. The majority complained about decreased levels of energy/difficulty concentrating/fatigue/increased desire to be alone/increased need for sleep (unlike typical depression). They also mentioned interference with their relationships and work productivity. 1/3 of them received antidepressant medication, whereas Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) was applied to the total of them. Although light therapy is widely recommended, there aren’t the means to be applied in the CMHC.ConclusionThough SAD is prevalent in most of the Nordic countries and mid-latitude places, our patients followed the SAD pattern with an onset of depressive symptoms in the fall, continuation of symptoms throughout winter and remission of them in the spring according to other international references.
Practice of ECT in the austrian region of upper carinthia
Authors: Rados C. , Pramsohler B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionECT is a save and one of the most effective treatments of depression and other severe mental diseases.Despite these facts rates of ECT use are highly variable in different regions. In Villach there has been a continous use of ECT for many years.ObjectivesWe investigate the agreement of the rate of ECT between our clinical practice and and international recommendations.Additionally we want to show our data about indications, frequency and outcome in the use of ECT.ResultsData will be reported and discussed.
Depressive disorder among the breast cancer patients in outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Rahman R.U. , Nisar A. , Hussain N. , Chaudhary I. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of Depressive Disorder among patients with breast cancer in an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.BackgroundCancer not only affects body physically but can also affect the mind in the form of psychiatric disorder. Proper identification and treatment of these conditions can be beneficial and cost-effective.MethodologyThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients of breast cancer attending OPD of oncology department of Civil Hospital Karachi. The sample consisted of ninety three diagnosed patients of breast cancer who were screened for psychiatric morbidity through Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Screened patients were interviewed and diagnosed as depressive disorder according to ICD criteria. The level of depression in these diagnosed patients was quantified through ZUNG'S Depression Rating Scale.ResultsEighty two percent (n = 76) of the sample (n = 93) were found to have psychiatric morbidity on HAD scale. Out of these screened sample sixty percent (n = 46) were found to be depressed on Zung self rating depression scale. Majority of these patients were suffering from mild to moderate depression. Half of the female in this sample were undergone mastectomy that was not found to have any statistically significant impact on psychiatric morbidity of the patient.ConclusionThis study shows high prevalence of depression in patients with breast cancer. The health professional involve in care of breast cancer should screen routinely their patients for symptoms of depression.
Survey of relationship between attitude and practice toward prayer and depression in student of kurdistan university of medical sciences of Iran, in 2009
Authors: Ranaie F. , Zaheri F. , Ardalan F. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimsMental disorders are of diseases that modern societies encounter with and among them depression is one of the most common disorder especially in young people as prayer and blessing has positive effects on different aspects of life, this study was done to determine relationship between attitude and practice toward prayer and depression in students of Kurdistan university of medical sciences.Subject and methodsThis was a descriptive - analytic study. The study population consisted of 400 students of Kurdistan university of medical sciences that were selected though stratified random sampling method. The data were collected by 2 questionnaires, one that contained questions related to attitude and practice toward prayer and another was beck test.Results37.5% has depression (mild to severe). 71% had positive attitude and 29.5% had good practice toward prayer. There was significant relations ship between attitude toward prayer and depression (p = 0/03). So that depression average ranking was lower in those who had positive attitude toward prayer.With higher mean scores of practice toward prayer depression rates were lower but these. Differences were not significant.ConclusionAs depression rate is high in these students and because of positive effect of prayer on decreasing prevalence and severity of depression so not only exploring for risk factors of depression in university students is necessary but also reinforcing and promoting doing prayer and religious duties: it is recommended to pay more attention to student's mental health.
Depression along with age, weight, smoking, sunlight exposure and alcohol drinking may affect the titer of autoantibodies in lupus patients
Authors: Sharifi E. , Bagheri K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a prototypic autoimmune disorder are characterized by autoantibody formation against nuclear antigens.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of depression, age, weight, smoking, sunlight exposure and alcohol drinking on antinuclear (ANA) and anti-double-stranded-DNA-antibody (anti-dsDNA) level in lupus-patients.AimsTo evaluate the effect of depression and some individual or lifestyle-habits on lupus.MethodsComparison of 46 variables along with their intercorrelations was done in ANA-positive patients and ANA-negative healthy subjects.ResultsDepression status and its prevalence in lupus-patients were higher than controls. Furthermore, more depressed patients had higher ANA and anti-dsDNA level which their level had a direct correlation with the age and weight of patients. However, ANA was more correlated with age and anti-dsDNA with weight. Higher ANA titer was also associated with higher consumption of alcohol and permanent hair products which after controlling for age and weight, only the first correlation remained significant. Anti-dsDNA titer was also positively associated with some of lifestyle habits which after controlling for age and weight, only the correlations with hookah consumption and sunlight exposure remained significant. Moreover the percentage of eosinophils was directly correlated with the level of tow aforesaid autoantibodies.ConclusionThese findings suggest that depression score along with age and weight of ANA-positive lupus-patients as well as some of their health-related habits such as hookah smoking, direct sunlight exposure and alcohol drinking may affect the titer of autoantibodies in these patients. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of these factors in the exacerbations of SLE.
Predictors of dropout from inpatient treatment for eating disorders
Authors: Catellani S. , Arnone F. , De Bernardis E. , Ferrari S. , Pingani L. , Ziosi G. , Turrini G. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDrop-out from treatment for Eating Disorders is increasing (Campbell; 2007), and it is a risk factor for relapse and more chronic and severe course of the illness (Fassino et al.; 2009). Drop-out can be caused by interaction of concurrent, individual, familiar ad environmental factors (Sly; 2009).Aim of the studyTo examine possible risk factors of drop-out from inpatient treatment for eating disorders.Materials and methodsThe sample included 41 patients who voluntarily left the treatment before completion (’droppers’) and 88 patients who completed it (’completers’), in the period between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2009 at Villa Maria Luigia Hospital (Monticelli Terme, PR, Italy). Patients were administered 2 self-report questionnaires and 3 psychometric tests: Eating Disorders Questionnaire, Predisposing, bringing on and maintaining risk factors for eating disorders, EDI-II, BUT, SCL-90.ResultsDroppers appear to be more aggressive (p = 0.022), get worse scholastic results (p = 0.016) and have less friendships and less social interaction (p = 0.021). Parental break-up (p = 0.015), moving house (p = 0.006), father's death (p = 0.005), abortition (p = 0.040), father's alcohol abuse (p = 0.011) and a mother who suffers of eating disorder (p = 0.008) are more frequent in droppers than completers. Catholic religion seems to be a protective factor from drop-out (p = 0.005).ConclusionDrop-out is a multifactor phenomenon; identification of risk factors can improve treatment strategies and outcome.
The implicit “Thin Ideal” in eating disorders
Authors: Fadda E. , Fronza S. , Galimberti E. , Bellodi L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionGreenwald and co-workers developed The implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit automatic concept-attribute associations. Evidences have suggested that Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) were characterized by “Ideal Thin” construct.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was the evaluation, at an implicit level, of Ideal Thin construct in a sample of Eating Disorders (ED) patients.MethodsAn “Ideal thin” Implicit Association Tests (Ideal thin IAT) has been modeled, to evaluate the implicit ideal thin in ED patients compared with an healthy control group. IAT test has been administered to a sample composed by 17 AN patients, 14 BN patients, 17 Binge Eating patients (BED) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The target categories, were “OVERWEIGHT / UNDERWEIGHT” and “POSITIVE / NEGATIVE”. Stimuli included pictures of overweight and normal weight models and positive/negative words. A positive IAT effect underlines an implicit tendency to associate the category “UNDERWEIGHT” with negative attributes, instead a negative IAT effect suggest an implicit tendency to associate the same category with positive attributes.ResultsResults showed no significant difference between HC and clinical groups in implicit “Ideal Thin construct”. All groups showed positive IAT effect. No correlations between implicit attitude and clinical variables were found.ConclusionResults show a common implicit tendency generalized in the sample to positively judge underweight. This implicit tendency was stronger in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (0,30), than patents with Bulimia Nervosa (0,41), than Healthy Control (0,42), followed by patients with BED (0,56).
Successful treatment of 27 patients with anorexia nervosa with escalating doses of olanzapine + citalopram + high dose vitamin B6
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. ,   Anorexia Nervosa Study Group
Published: May 2011

ObjectivePharmacological therapy for anorexia nervosa is not enough successful. Mild to moderate anorexia nervosa is very prevalent in Iran. We wondered whether combination of antidepressants with appetizers (to block multiple neurotransmitters) could reverse the disease course.MethodsTwenty seven patients with mild (8), moderate (12) and severe anorexia nervosa (7) were treated with escalating doses of three drugs (Olanzapine, Citalopram and Vitamin B6 in combination). The initial doses were 2.5 mg at night, 10 mg at noon and 40 mg TID and the increments were 2.5, 10 and 40 mg every 4 days, respectively. All patients were studied by way of the MCMI-III and clinical interview at admission and 6 weeks later. Additional behavior and cognitive therapy were used in compliant cases.ResultsAlmost all patients responded (overall response rate of 100%) and complete response of around 67%. Five and two partial responses were among the severe and moderate group. Weight gain was between 3–16% of primary body weights with a mean of 9% at 6 weeks. Depression and anxiety scores were reduced substantially studied by way of the MCMI-III and clinical interview. Maximal tolerated doses were 12.5, 40 and 360 mg respectively and most could be maintained with 5, 20 and 240 mg.ConclusionThis combination regimen is extremely effective, well tolerated and without major side effects. Scheduled escalation increases compliance. High dose VitB6 has been used by us in the content of many psychological and auto immune disorders with much success. Longer follow up and larger studies are recommended.