bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The timeframe and continuity of measurement data acquisition – intention and reality / Zeitrahmen und Kontinuität von Messbeobachtungen – Wunsch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Walter Herbert , Kitzler Christian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe value of geotechnical measurements for the evaluation and prediction of the effects of construction and repair measures as well as for the production of geotechnical and structural models in geotechnical and underground construction is indisputable. In practice, however, it sometimes turns out that the required statements cannot be derived from the available data with sufficient reliability. This article presents three examples of measurement programmes and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. One of the examples concerns a classic mined excavation in soft soil, another the measurement programme in a pivot tunnel for the estimation of swelling potential and the third the improvement of slope support measures while maintaining traffic. The importance of a timely start to measurement and a sufficiently high measurement frequency adapted to the results of the measurements and the progress of construction are demonstrated. A sufficiently long run of measurements after the completion of construction is also desirable. Various types of measurements and observations should be matched to each other and integrated. The results of laboratory tests, large‐scale experiments and structural calculations – if available – should also be included in this integration. Continuity of measurements should be ensured, for example, by sufficient redundancy even if individual data are lost. Documentation should permit rapid interpretation of the overall situation.Der Wert von geotechnischen Messungen zur Beurteilung und Prognose der Auswirkungen von Bau‐ und Sanierungsmaßnahmen und zur Erstellung von geotechnischen und statischen Modellen im Grund‐ und Hohlraumbau ist unbestritten. In der Praxis zeigt sich allerdings gelegentlich, dass die benötigten Aussagen nicht mit ausreichender Treffsicherheit aus den vorhandenen Daten abgeleitet werden können. Im Beitrag werden drei Beispiele von Messprogrammen vorgestellt und ihre Stärken und Schwächen beleuchtet. Eines der Beispiele betrifft einen klassischen bergmännischen Vortrieb im Lockergestein, ein anderes das Messprogramm in einem Versuchsstollen zur Abschätzung des Quellpotenzials und ein drittes die Ertüchtigung einer Hangsicherung unter Aufrechterhaltung des Verkehrs. Es wird gezeigt, wie wichtig zum Beispiel ein rechtzeitiger Beginn der Messungen und eine ausreichend hohe sowie an die Messergebnisse sowie an den Bauablauf angepasste Messfrequenz sind. Eine ausreichend lange nach Bauende fortgesetzte Messreihe ist anzustreben. Verschiedene Arten von Messungen und Beobachtungen sollten aufeinander abgestimmt und vernetzt sein. Auch Ergebnisse von Laborversuchen, Großversuchen und statischen Berechnungen – soweit vorhanden – sollten Teil der Vernetzung sein. Kontinuität der Messungen sollte zum Beispiel durch ausreichende Redundanz auch bei Ausfall einzelner Messdaten gesichert werden. Die Dokumentation sollte eine rasche Interpretation des Gesamtgeschehens erlauben.
Himmelreich Tunnel on the Hausmannstätten bypass – from investigation heading to completely lined tunnel / Ortsumfahrung Hausmannstätten Tunnel Himmelreich – Vom Erkundungsstollen zum Vollausbau
Authors: Reichard Norbert , Voringer Jürgen , Rappold Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe enormous traffic congestion on the B73 road has significantly worsened the original quality of living in the residential area of Hausmannstätten in the Austrian state of Styria. The bypass currently under construction ought lead to a considerable improvement. The route of the Hausmannstätten bypass starts in the west at the connection to the existing state road B73 and runs 2,320 m to the east. In the central section, the route passes under the Himmelreich mountain ridge through the approximately 1, 045 m long Himmelreich Tunnel and then connects again to the existing B73.Starting from the west portal, an investigation heading altogether 740 m long that also serves as a drainage heading was constructed in 2005 and 2006. Since 2010, the consortium ÖSTU‐STETTIN‐HINTEREGGER has been working on the full construction Himmelreich Tunnel under a contract awarded by the office of the Styrian state government.Die enorme Verkehrsbelastung der B73 hat die ursprüngliche Lebensqualität im Ortsgebiet Hausmannstätten in der Steiermark wesentlich verschlechtert. Eine deutliche Verbesserung kann durch die derzeit im Bau befindliche Ortsumfahrung erzielt werden. Die Trasse der Ortsumfahrung Hausmannstätten beginnt im Westen mit dem Anschluss an die bestehende Landesstraße B73 und erstreckt sich über eine Länge von 2.320 m nach Osten. Im mittleren Abschnitt quert die Trasse den Bergrücken Himmelreich mit dem rund 1.045 m langen Tunnel Himmelreich und schließt dann wieder an die bestehende Landesstraße B73 an.Vom Westportal aus wurde in den Jahren 2005 bis 2006 ein insgesamt ca. 740 m langer Erkundungsstollen, der gleichzeitig als Entwässerungsstollen dient, hergestellt. Seit 2010 erfolgt durch die ARGE ÖSTU‐STETTIN‐HINTEREGGER, im Auftrag vom Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, der Vollausbau des Tunnels Himmelreich.
The effect of hypointense white matter lesions on automated gray matter segmentation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gelineau‐Morel Rose , Tomassini Valentina , Jenkinson Mark , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Matthews Paul M. , Palace Jacqueline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrevious imaging studies assessing the relationship between white matter (WM) damage and matter (GM) atrophy have raised the concern that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) WM lesions may affect measures of GM volume by inducing voxel misclassification during intensity‐based tissue segmentation. Here, we quantified this misclassification error in simulated and real MS brains using a lesion‐filling method. Using this method, we also corrected GM measures in patients before comparing them with controls in order to assess the impact of this lesion‐induced misclassification error in clinical studies. We found that higher WM lesion volumes artificially reduced total GM volumes. In patients, this effect was about 72% of that predicted by simulation. Misclassified voxels were located at the GM/WM border and could be distant from lesions. Volume of individual deep gray matter (DGM) structures generally decreased with higher lesion volumes, consistent with results from total GM. While preserving differences in GM volumes between patients and controls, lesion‐filling correction revealed more lateralised DGM shape changes in patients, which were not evident with the original images. Our results confirm that WM lesions can influence MRI measures of GM volume and shape in MS patients through their effect on intensity‐based GM segmentation. The greater effect of lesions at increasing levels of damage supports the use of lesion‐filling to correct for this problem and improve the interpretability of the results. Volumetric or morphometric imaging studies, where lesion amount and characteristics may vary between groups of patients or change over time, may especially benefit from this correction. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling conflict and error in the medial frontal cortex
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Teshiba Terri M. , Franco Alexandre R. , Ling Josef , Shane Matthew S. , Stephen Julia M. , Jung Rex E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDespite intensive study, the role of the dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) in error monitoring and conflict processing remains actively debated. The current experiment manipulated conflict type (stimulus conflict only or stimulus and response selection conflict) and utilized a novel modeling approach to isolate error and conflict variance during a multimodal numeric Stroop task. Specifically, hemodynamic response functions resulting from two statistical models that either included or isolated variance arising from relatively few error trials were directly contrasted. Twenty‐four participants completed the task while undergoing event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging on a 1.5‐Tesla scanner. Response times monotonically increased based on the presence of pure stimulus or stimulus and response selection conflict. Functional results indicated that dMFC activity was present during trials requiring response selection and inhibition of competing motor responses, but absent during trials involving pure stimulus conflict. A comparison of the different statistical models suggested that relatively few error trials contributed to a disproportionate amount of variance (i.e., activity) throughout the dMFC, but particularly within the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (rACC). Finally, functional connectivity analyses indicated that an empirically derived seed in the dorsal ACC/pre‐SMA exhibited strong connectivity (i.e., positive correlation) with prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex but was anti‐correlated with the default‐mode network. An empirically derived seed from the rACC exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting that sub‐regions of the dMFC exhibit different connectivity patterns with other large scale networks implicated in internal mentations such as daydreaming (default‐mode) versus the execution of top‐down attentional control (fronto‐parietal). Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimized neural coding? control mechanisms in large cortical networks implemented by connectivity changes
Authors: Cross Katy A. , Iacoboni Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that a distributed fronto‐parietal visuomotor integration network is recruited to overcome automatic responses to both biological and nonbiological cues. Activity levels in these areas are similar for both cue types. The functional connectivity of this network, however, reveals differential coupling with thalamus and precuneus (biological cues) and extrastriate cortex (nonbiological cues). This suggests that a set of cortical areas equally activated in two tasks may accomplish task goals differently depending on their network interactions. This supports models of brain organization that emphasize efficient coding through changing patterns of integration between regions of specialized function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discharge dependence of stream albedo in a steep proglacial channel
Authors: Richards J. , Moore R. D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStream surface albedo was measured at a location downstream of Place Glacier, Canada, in a steep bouldery channel. Portions of the water surface were visibly aerated as a result of the cascading flow even at lower discharges; at high flows, the stream was near‐continuous whitewater. Albedo generally increased with discharge, from around 0.1 at the lower flows to 0.4 at the highest flows. This increase is consistent with the known effect of aeration on the reflectance of water. This discharge dependence of albedo needs to be accounted for in physically based models for predicting stream temperature to avoid biased predictions of net radiation. For steep proglacial streams that experience decreasing late‐summer flows as a result of ongoing and future glacier recession, the associated decrease in albedo could promote higher stream temperatures, in addition to the effects of reduced flow depth and velocity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membrane composition of jetted lipid vesicles: a Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Kirchner Silke R. , Ohlinger Alexander , Pfeiffer Tom , Urban Alexander S. , Stefani Fernando D. , Deak Andras , Lutich Andrey A. , Feldmann Jochen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMicrofluidic jetting is a promising method to produce giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles for mimicking living cells in biomedical studies. We have investigated the chemical composition of membranes of vesicles prepared using this approach by means of Raman scattering spectroscopy. The membranes of all jetted vesicles are found to contain residuals of the organic solvent decane used in the preparation of the initial planar membrane. The decane inclusions are randomly distributed over the vesicle surface area and vary in thickness from a few to several tens of nanometers. Our findings point out that the membrane properties of jetted vesicles may differ considerably from those of vesicles prepared by other methods and from those of living cells. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Increased N‐acetylaspartate in model mouse of pelizaeus‐merzbacher disease
Authors: Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Saito Shigeyoshi , Aoki Ichio , Barkovich A. James , Ito Yukiko , Inoue Ken 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) biochemical pathways in the brain of myelin synthesis‐deficient (msd) mouse, a model of Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD).Materials and Methods:We performed magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) of the thalamus for msd and wildtype mice with a 7.0 T magnet. NAA and NAAG were independently measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐Mbp, Gfap, Ng2, and NeuN antibodies were also performed.Results:1H‐MRS in msd mice revealed increased total NAA (tNAA, NAA+NAAG), creatine, glutamine, and glutamate and decreased choline (Cho). HPLC analysis revealed increases of both NAA and NAAG in the msd brains. Histologically, the msd brains revealed hypomyelination and astrogliosis. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and neurons were normal in number in the thalamus wherein 1H‐MRS was obtained.Conclusion:The evidence suggests that the neurochemical derangement in the msd mice may be a primary increase of NAA resulting in a secondary increase of NAAG. Increased tNAA with decreased Cho detectable on 1H‐MRS may be an important marker for PMD, and might be used to distinguish it from more common neurological disorders that have decreased tNAA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;418‐425. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atomic decomposition for weighted Besov and Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Izuki Mitsuo , Sawano Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRychkov defined weighted Besov spaces and weighted Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces coming with a weight in the class \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$A_p^{\rm loc}$\end{document}, which is even wider than the class Ap due to Muckenhoupt. In the present paper we are concerned with the atomic decomposition of these spaces. As an application, we obtain some key theorems in the theory of function spaces. Finally we conclude this paper with some helpful examples showing the difference between weighted spaces and unweighted spaces.
The influence of annealing on the crystallization and tribological behavior of MWNT/PEEK nanocomposites
Authors: Coban Onur , Ozgur Bora Mustafa , Avcu Egemen , Sinmazcelik Tamer 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, annealing influence on crystallization and scratch behavior of neat and multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) nanocomposites have been investigated. Crystallization behavior of normal and annealed samples was investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Scratch behavior of normal and annealed samples was investigated by using micro scratch tester. In DSC analysis, it was detected that, melting enthalpy of annealed neat PEEK was increased sharply when compared to neat PEEK. Melting enthalpies of annealed PEEK nanocomposites prepared with addition of up to 1 wt% MWNT were increased with a decreased trend. However, nanocomposites with higher contents of MWNTs (>1 wt%) were dramatically affected by annealing process and melting enthalpy decreased sharply. Friction coefficient values of “annealed MWNT reinforced PEEK composites” were found to be lower than “normal PEEK composites.” Annealing process affects scratch hardness of both annealed and MWNT reinforced PEEK. Annealed nanocomposites with various MWNT concentrations showed higher scratch hardness values than normal PEEK nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the longitudinal compressive strength prediction of unidirectional laminated composites based on an improved model
Authors: Yongbo Zhang , Huimin Fu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe compressive failure of unidirectional (UD) composite laminates is investigated using an improved model. Most of the existing models to predict the compressive strength of UD composites are either based on microbuckling or kinking of fibers. However, the failure mechanism analysis based on the SEM microscopy observations of failed specimens shows that the two mechanisms are responsible for the failure simultaneously when kinking occurs following the microbuckling of fibers. Therefore, the fiber microbuckling and fiber kinking models are combined to predict the compressive strength of UD T300/QY8911 composite laminate. Furthermore, this study proposes a new model for the stiffness of the foundation determination, making the predicted microbuckling strength closer to its real value. Also the effects of parameters presented in the prediction formula on the compressive strength are discussed, and it is found that the Young's modulus of matrix is the most important parameter. The predicted compressive strength using the improved model with combined modes shows a very good agreement with the experiment measurement. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A bead‐based approach for large‐scale identification of in vitro kinase substrates
Authors: Zhang Manyu , Han Guanghui , Wang Chunli , Cheng Kai , Li Ruibin , Liu Hongwei , Wei Xiaoluan , Ye Mingliang , Zou Hanfa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDeciphering the kinase–substrate relationship is vital for the study of phosphorylation network. The use of immobilized proteins on protein chip as the library for screening of potential kinase substrates is a tried‐and‐tested method. However, information on phosphorylation sites is lacking and the creation of the library with proteins of whole proteome by recombinant expression is costly and difficult. In this study, a new solid‐phase approach by immobilization of proteins from cell lysate onto beads as a protein library for kinase substrate screening was developed. It was found that consensus phosphorylation sites motif for kinase substrates could be accurately determined and hundreds of in vitro kinase substrates and their phosphorylation sites could be identified by using this method.
Degrading Mountain Permafrost in Southern Norway: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Mean Ground Temperatures, 1999–2009
Authors: Isaksen Ketil , Ødegård Rune Strand , Etzelmüller Bernd , Hilbich Christin , Hauck Christian , Farbrot Herman , Eiken Trond , Hygen Hans Olav , Hipp Tobias Florian 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA ten‐year record (1999–2009) of annual mean ground surface temperatures (MGSTs) and mean ground temperatures (MGTs) was analysed for 16 monitoring sites in Jotunheimen and on Dovrefjell, southern Norway. Warming has occurred at sites with cold permafrost, marginal permafrost and deep seasonal frost. Ongoing permafrost degradation is suggested both by direct temperature monitoring and indirect geophysical surveys. An increase in MGT at 6.6–9.0‐m depth was observed for most sites, ranging from ~0.015 to ~ 0.095°C a‐1. The greatest rate of temperature increase was for sites having MGTs slightly above 0°C. The lowest rate of increase was for marginal permafrost sites that are affected by latent heat exchange close to 0°C. Increased snow depths and an increase in winter air temperatures appear to be the most important factors controlling warming observed over the ten‐year period. Geophysical surveys performed in 1999 to delineate the altitudinal limit of mountain permafrost were repeated in 2009 and 2010 and indicated the degradation of some permafrost over the intervening decade. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbidopa enhances antitumoral activity of bicalutamide on the androgen receptor‐axis in castration‐resistant prostate tumors
Authors: Thomas Christian , Wafa Latif A. , Lamoureux Francois , Cheng Helen , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin E. , Rennie Paul S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDResponse to bicalutamide after castration failure is not durable and treatment options at this stage are limited. Carbidopa, an L‐dopa decarboxylase (AR‐coactivator) inhibitor, has been shown to retard prostate tumor growth/PSA production in xenografts. Here, we hypothesize that pharmacological targeting of the AR‐axis by combination treatment with bicalutamide plus carbidopa significantly enhances antitumoral activity in vitro and in vivo compared to monotherapy with either drug.METHODSCarbidopa was tested for its ability to enhance the effects of bicalutamide on cell viability, apoptosis and PSA transactivation in LNCaP and C4‐2 cells. The castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) LNCaP xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. After CRPC progression, mice were treated with carbidopa (50 mg/kg) and bicalutamide (50 mg/kg) as monotherapy or in combination. Tumor volume and serum PSA were evaluated weekly.RESULTSCombination treatment of carbidopa plus bicalutamide significantly inhibited cell viability in both cell lines and induced apoptosis. The combination treatment also decreased androgen‐induced PSA transactivation by 62.6% in LNCaP cells and by 55.6% in C4‐2 cells compared to control, while bicalutamide monotherapy reduced PSA levels by 27.5% and 29.1% in LNCaP and C4‐2 cells. In vivo, bicalutamide monotherapy delayed LNCaP CRPC tumor growth rate by 72.2%, while combination treatment reduced tumor growth by 84.4% compared to control. Serum PSA was also reduced 70.6% with bicalutamide monotherapy, while combination therapy reduced PSA levels by 76.7% compared to control.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates preclinical proof‐of‐principle that pharmacological targeting of prostate tumors by combination treatment of bicalutamide plus carbidopa significantly reduces AR activity, and thereby delays CRPC tumor progression in vivo. Prostate 72:875–885, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of the density of ultrathin La films in La/B4C layered structures using X‐ray standing waves
Authors: Makhotkin I. A. , Louis E. , van de Kruijs R. W. E. , Yakshin A. E. , Zoethout E. , Seregin A. Yu. , Tereschenko E. Yu. , Yakunin S. N. , Bijkerk F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing simultaneous analysis of both the grazing incidence X‐ray reflectivity (GIXR) and the angular dependent fluorescence yield from ultrathin layer structures, the densities of thin La and LaN layers of 2–6 nm thickness enclosed by B4C layers have been determined with approximately 5% precision. The density of the La layer in these systems is found to be reduced to the bulk La value. This is explained by LaB6 interlayers formation. The density of LaN layers were similar to the bulk LaN value, which favors this compound as the most energetically stable in LaN/B4C layered systems.
Study of oxide precipitates in silicon using X‐ray diffraction techniques
Authors: Caha Ondřej , Bernatová Silvie , Meduňa Mojmír , Svoboda Milan , Buršík Jiří 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe results of a study of oxide precipitates in Czochralski (CZ) grown silicon using two X‐ray diffraction methods are reported. The diffuse scattering around the Bragg diffraction maxima was measured on a series of samples after various two‐stage annealing treatment. Combining the analysis of diffuse scattering with other experimental techniques we were able to determine mean precipitate size and deformation field around the precipitates. The obtained data show that the deformation field is proportional to the precipitate volume and independent on the annealing temperature or annealing time. The dynamical diffraction in Laue geometry was used to measure precipitate concentration. The results are compared to the selective etching concentration measurement.