bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Möglichkeiten der Intervention bei Alkoholproblemen im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , John Ulrich , Hapke Ulfert , Bischof Gallus 
Published: September 2010

Fragestellung: Ältere Menschen mit problematischem Alkoholkonsum werden im Hinblick auf Frühinterventionen oder suchtspezifische Behandlung unzureichend erreicht und versorgt. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu Diagnostik, Kurzinterventionen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. </p><p> Methodik: Recherche bei der Online-Datenbank PubMed. </p><p> Ergebnisse: Sowohl beim Screening als auch bei der vertiefenden Diagnostik gilt, dass Vorgehensweisen aus jüngeren Altersgruppen nicht ohne weiteres übernommen werden können. Kurzinterventionen im Bereich der primärmedizinischen Versorgung haben in ersten Studien Wirksamkeit zeigen können. Studien zu suchtspezifischer Behandlung belegen, dass ältere Patienten kurzfristig zumindest gleich gute Erfolge zeigen und langfristig oft bessere Abstinenzraten erzielen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass eine alterspezifische Anpassung von Interventionen Halteraten und Erfolg verbessern kann. </p><p> Schlussfolgerungen: Es stehen wirksame Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für problematischen Alkoholkonsum bei Menschen im höheren Lebensalter zur Verfügung. Eine bessere Versorgung mit Kurzinterventionen und weiterführenden therapeutischen Maßnahmen ist vordringlich.
Studiendesign und Methodik der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik 2007
Authors: Bauer Christina , Sonntag Dilek , Hildebrand Anja , Bühringer Gerhard , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: September 2010

Ziel: Es werden Studiendesign, Stichprobenverfahren und Methoden der Datenerhebung der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik 2007 beschrieben. </p><p> Methodik: Die Stichproben bestehen aus ambulanten und stationären Einrichtungen der Suchthilfe, die mit dem 2007 neu eingeführten Deutschen Kerndatensatz (KDS) Daten zu Einrichtungs- und Patientenmerkmalen liefern. </p><p> Ergebnisse: Für das Jahr 2007 wurden Daten von insgesamt 780 ambulanten Suchthilfeeinrichtungen sowie 171 stationären Suchthilfeeinrichtungen erfasst. Die ambulante Hauptauswertung umfasst 220.669 Patienten ambulanter Beratungsstellen sowie Institutsambulanzen (n=720; Erreichungsquote: 77 %). Die stationäre Auswertung bezieht sich auf 34.186 Patienten in stationären und teilstationären Rehabilitationseinrichtungen (n=147; Erreichungsquote: 60 %). Die Beteiligung an der Suchthilfestatistik 2007 war insgesamt etwas höher als im Vorjahr (ambulant 71 %, stationär 64 %). Mehr stationäre als ambulante Einrichtungen hatten ihre Daten bereits mit dem neuen KDS erhoben. </p><p> Schlussfolgerungen: Die Umstellung der standardisierten Datensätze der Suchthilfestatistik ab 2007 führt noch zu deutlichen Übergangsproblemen, verbessert aber die Auswertung und Interpretation der Ergebnisse in Zukunft erheblich. Die hohe Erreichungsquote spricht insgesamt für eine gute Aussagekraft der Daten. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist die Weiterentwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Sicherung der Repräsentativität und Datenqualität.
New epitopes and function of anti-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies in patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Tsuboi H , Matsumoto I , Wakamatsu E , Nakamura Y , Iizuka M , Hayashi T , Goto D , Ito S , Sumida T 
Published: September 2010

Summary
M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) plays a crucial role in the secretion of saliva from salivary glands. It is reported that some patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) carried inhibitory autoantibodies against M3R. The purpose of this study is to clarify the epitopes and function of anti-M3R antibodies in SS. We synthesized peptides encoding the extracellular domains of human-M3R including the N-terminal region and the first, second and third extracellular loops. Antibodies against these regions were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 42 SS and 42 healthy controls. For functional analysis, human salivary gland (HSG) cells were preincubated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) separated from sera of anti-M3R antibody-positive SS, -negative SS and controls for 12 h. After loading with Fluo-3, HSG cells were stimulated with cevimeline hydrochloride, and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [(Ca2+)i] were measured. Antibodies to the N-terminal, first, second and third loops were detected in 42·9% (18 of 42), 47·6% (20 of 42), 54·8% (23 of 42) and 45·2% (19 of 42) of SS, while in 4·8% (two of 42), 7·1% (three of 42), 2·4% (one of 42) and 2·4% (one of 42) of controls, respectively. Antibodies to the second loop positive SS-IgG inhibited the increase of (Ca2+)i induced by cevimeline hydrochloride. Antibodies to the N-terminal positive SS-IgG and antibodies to the first loop positive SS-IgG enhanced it, while antibodies to the third loop positive SS-IgG showed no effect on (Ca2+)i as well as anti-M3R antibody-negative SS-IgG. Our results indicated the presence of several B cell epitopes on M3R in SS. The influence of anti-M3R antibodies on salivary secretion might differ based on these epitopes.
On Achondroplasia in the Dog
Authors: Almlöf J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn the introduction the author gives an account of achondroplasia in the dog, both as a disease occurring spontaneously and sporadically, and as a breed characteristic. He then describes the clinical and pathological observations on this developmental error in a litter of pups belonging to the miniature poodle breed. The histological picture is typical of achondroplasia throughout. Furthermore, the inner annulus zone of the intervertebral discs was immature. This observation is in accordance with the appearance of the discs of newborn individuals belonging to the breeds especially predisposed towards disc degeneration — the so‐called chondrodystrophoid breeds.ZusammenfassungZur Achondroplasie beim HundIn der Einführung gibt der Autor einen Überblick über das Vorkommen der Achondroplasie beim Hund, die sowohl spontan und sporadisch als Krankheit wie auch als Rassenmerkmal auftritt. Er beschreibt dann die klinischen und pathologischen Beobachtungen zu diesem Entwicklungsfehler bei einem Wurf Zwergpudelwelpen. Das histologische Bild ist durchaus typisch für Achondroplasie. Au&#x007a;̀erdem war die innere Ringzone der Zwischenwirbelscheiben unentwickelt. Diese Beobachtung stimmt überein mit dem Aussehen der Zwischenwirbelscheiben von Neugeborenen, die zu den besonders zur Diskus‐Degeneration prädisponierten Rassen gehören — den sog. chondrodystrophen Rassen.RésuméL'achondroplasie chez le chienDans l'introduction, l'auteur présente une revue concernant l'achondroplasie du chien qui existe aussi bien comme malformation spontanée et sporadique que sous la forme d'une particularité raciale. Il décrit ensuite les observations cliniques et anatomo‐pathologiques de cette anomalie de développement dans une portée de caniches nains. L'image histologique est tout à fait caractéristique pour l'achondroplasie. En outre la zone interne de l'anneau des disques intervertébraux n'était pas développée. Cette observation correspond à l'aspect des disques intervertébraux des nouveaux‐nés appartenant aux races particulièrement prédisposées aux dégénérescences du disque, les races dites chondrodystrophiques.ResumenSobre la acondroplasia en el perroEn la introducción, el autor presenta una revisión sobre la presencia de la acondroplasia en el perro, la cual aparece bien espontánea y esporádicamente como enfermedad, bien como característica. A continuación describe las observaciones clínicas y patológicas relativas a este defecto en el desarrollo en una camada de cachorros caniches serranos. El cuadro histológico es realmente típico para la acondroplasia. Además, estaba sin desarrollar la zona anular de los discos intervertebrales de recién nacidos, pertenecientes a las razas en especial predisponentes a una degeneración discal — las llamadas razas condrodistróficas.
Short‐Tailed Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: FISCHER HELMUT 
Published: September 2010

SummaryVarious anomalies of the caudal part of the vertebral column in cattle are well known in the literature, but there is no evidence of similar reports for the water buffalo. Four Murrah buffalo cows with short tails were observed in Malaysia. One had a tail of only 67 cm and her daughter a tail length of 75 cm. The length in a normal animal is about 100 cm. It is assumed that short taillessness is inherited in the buffalo as in cattle. In view of the few cases, however, nothing can be said on the mode of inheritance of the anomaly. The existence of other inherited defects in cattle as well as buffaloes is mentioned.ZusammenfassungVerschiedene Anomalien des kaudalen Teils der Wirbelsäule sind beim Rind wohl bekannt, jedoch bisher noch nicht beim Wasserbüffel beschrieben worden. Vier Murrah Büffelkühe mit Kurzschwänzen wurden in Malaysia beobachtet. Eine Kuh hatte eine Schwanzlänge von nur 67 cm und ihre Tochter eine solche von 75 cm. Die normale Länge einer gleichaltrigen Büffelkuh beträgt etwa 100 cm. Es wird angenommen, daß die Kurzschwänzigkeit beim Wasserbüffel wie beim Rind erblich bedingt ist, jedoch kann wegen der wenig beobachteten Fälle nichts über den Vererbungsmodus ausgesagt werden. Einige Bemerkungen über Beobachtungen von ähnlichen Erbdefekten beim Rind und beim Büffel werden gemacht.RésuméLes buffles <Murrah> à queue courteDiverses anomalies de la partie caudale de l'épine dorsale sont certes bien connues chez le Boeuf, mais n'ont pas encore été décrites chez le Buffle asiatique. Quatre bufflonnes <Murrah> à queue courte ont été observées en Malaisie. Une bufflonne avait une queue longue de 67 cm seulement et sa fille une queue de 75 cm. La longueur normale de la queue d'une bufflonne du même âge est d'environ 100 cm. On admet que la queue courte chez le Buffle <Murrah> comme chez le Boeuf, est héréditaire, cependant à cause du petit nombre de cas observés on ne peut rien affirmer sur le mécanisme de cette hérédité. L'auteur fait quelques remarques concernant des observations de défauts héréditaires analogues chez le Boeuf.ResumenBúfalos Murrah rabicortosAunque se conocen muy bien varias anomalías de la parte caudal de la columna vertebral en los vacunos, hasta la fecha no se han descrito en el búfalo acuático. En Malaysia se observaron cuatro búfalas Murrah rabicortas. Una búfala tenía una longitud de rabo de solo 67 cm y su hija una de 75 cm. La longitud normal en una búfala de igual edad mide unos 100 cm. Se supone que la cortedad del rabo en el búfalo doméstico, al igual que en la vaca, es hereditaria, ahora bien, debido a los pocos casos observados no se puede decir nada acerca del modo de herencia. Se comunican algunas observaciones hechas sobre defectos hereditarios semejantes en la vaca y en el búfalo.
Preliminary study of capsule endoscopy in the small intestine of horses
Authors: Sasaki N , Yamada H 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To evaluate the visibility of various portions of the small intestine in healthy horses using capsule endoscopy.Procedure  Six healthy, conscious adult Thoroughbreds were restrained and an endoscopic capsule (PillCam® SB capsule) was inserted into the oesophagus using an intranasal catheter aided by a guide wire. Water (500 mL) flushed the capsule down the gastrointestinal tract. Data were collected and stored in the recorder of the endoscopic system for 6 hours after capsule insertion and the images were evaluated using an image reader and scored using a visual analogue scale.Results  Capsule endoscopy enabled observation of the distinct mucosal shape, colour, and villus structure of the intestinal lumen from the duodenum through the proximal jejunum. At 4 h after passing the pylorus, the endoscopic capsule started transmitting increasingly dark images in the distal jejunum as the lumen circumference increased. Means of the visual analogue scale in the duodenum, proximal jejunum, and distal jejunum were 93.8 ± 1.3%, 86.2 ± 2.5% and 48.8 ± 6.3%, respectively. Differences among these values were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance  Capsule endoscopy enables observation of the distinct mucosal shape, colour and villus structure of the proximal and mid‐small intestine in healthy horses.
Rapid Detection of Multidrug-Resistant
Mycobacterium tube
rculosis
by Use of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis
Authors: Ramirez Melissa V. , Cowart Kelley C. , Campbell Patricia J. , Morlock Glenn P. , Sikes David , Winchell Jonas M. , Posey James E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

The current study describes the development of a unique real-time PCR assay for the detection of mutations conferring drug resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosi
s
. The rifampicin resistance determinant region (RRDR) of
rpoB
and specific regions of
katG
and the
inhA
promoter were targeted for the detection of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance, respectively. Additionally, this assay was multiplexed to discriminate
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
complex (MTC) strains from nontuberculous
M
ycobacteria
(NTM) strains by targeting the IS
6110
insertion element. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis following real-time PCR was used to identify
M
.
t
uberculosis
strains containing mutations at the targeted loci, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes were used to enhance the detection of strains containing specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) transversion mutations. This method was used to screen 252
M. tuberculosis
clinical isolates, including 154 RIF-resistant strains and 174 INH-resistant strains based on the agar proportion method of drug susceptibility testing (DST). Of the 154 RIF-resistant strains, 148 were also resistant to INH and therefore classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). The assay demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 98%, respectively, for the detection of RIF resistance and 87% and 100% for the detection of INH resistance. Overall, this assay showed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 98% for the detection of MDR strains. This method provides a rapid, robust, and inexpensive way to detect the dominant mutations known to confer MDR in
M. tuberculosis
strains and offers several advantages over current molecular and culture-based techniques.
Variability of the Polymerase Gene (NS5B) in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Women
Authors: Blackard Jason T. , Ma Gang , Limketkai Berkeley N. , Welge Jeffrey A. , Dryer Peter D. , Martin Christina M. , Hiasa Yoichi , Taylor Lynn E. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Jamieson Denise J. , Sherman Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

There are limited data on diversity within the hepatitis C virus polymerase (NS5B). In concordance with its key functional role during the life cycle, NS5B intrapatient variability was low. Moreover, differences between NS5B nonsynonymous (
dN
) and synonymous (
dS
) mutation rates (
dN
−
dS
) were positively correlated with CD4 cell count, while nonsynonymous mutations were strongly correlated with reduced replication
in vivo
.
Cytopathogenesis of Sendai Virus in Well-Differentiated Primary Pediatric Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Villenave Rémi , Touzelet Olivier , Thavagnanam Surendran , Sarlang Severine , Parker Jeremy , Skibinski Grzegorz , Heaney Liam G. , McKaigue James P. , Coyle Peter V. , Shields Michael D. , Power Ultan F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Sendai virus (SeV) is a murine respiratory virus of considerable interest as a gene therapy or vaccine vector, as it is considered nonpathogenic in humans. However, little is known about its interaction with the human respiratory tract. To address this, we developed a model of respiratory virus infection based on well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (WD-PBECs). These physiologically authentic cultures are comprised of polarized pseudostratified multilayered epithelium containing ciliated, goblet, and basal cells and intact tight junctions. To facilitate our studies, we rescued a replication-competent recombinant SeV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (rSeV/eGFP). rSeV/eGFP infected WD-PBECs efficiently and progressively and was restricted to ciliated and nonciliated cells, not goblet cells, on the apical surface. Considerable cytopathology was evident in the rSeV/eGFP-infected cultures postinfection. This manifested itself by ciliostasis, cell sloughing, apoptosis, and extensive degeneration of WD-PBEC cultures. Syncytia were also evident, along with significant basolateral secretion of proinflammatory chemokines, including IP-10, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8. Such deleterious responses are difficult to reconcile with a lack of pathogenesis in humans and suggest that caution may be required in exploiting replication-competent SeV as a vaccine vector. Alternatively, such robust responses might constitute appropriate normal host responses to viral infection and be a prerequisite for the induction of efficient immune responses.
User testing of consumer medicine information in Australia
Authors: Jay Eleanor , Aslani Parisa , Raynor DK 
Published: September 2010

Background: Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) forms an important basis for the dissemination of medicines information worldwide. Methods: This article presents an overview of the design and development of Australian CMI, and discusses ‘user-testing’ as an iterative, formative process for CMI design. Findings: In Australia, legislation and templates guide the creation of CMI by pharmaceutical manufacturers using principles of written health information design, giving consideration to both content and structure. Following these principles to the letter, however, does not always assure the creation of a useable document. A suggested method to gauge the usability of CMI is ‘user-testing’. The process, based on observing individuals using the CMI to answer specific questions, aims to identify areas of weakness in the document allowing targeted improvement. Each question identifies whether (a) the individual can find the relevant information and (b) they can understand it. It is an iterative process designed to be performed repeatedly until it results in a highly-useable CMI. Crucially, the revisions of this information between rounds of testing need to be based on principles of good writing and information design. Other methods of analysing CMI do not actively engage the target audience while simultaneously testing the usability of both content and structure. Although developed in Australia, user testing is not routinely performed on Australian CMI. This is despite the fact that user testing is a legal requirement for leaflets for all new medicines across the European Union (EU). Conclusions: Given CMI’s role in empowering patients with information, it follows that every attempt should be made to ensure that they are consumer friendly and usable. There is a strong argument that user testing should be employed in writing medicine information.
Deregulated expression of hnRNP A/B proteins in human non-small cell lung cancer: parallel assessment of protein and mRNA levels in paired tumour/non-tumour tissues
Authors: Boukakis Georgios , Patrinou-Georgoula Meropi , Lekarakou Maria , Valavanis Christos , Guialis Apostolia 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) of the A/B type (hnRNP A1, A2/B1, A3) are highly related multifunctional proteins participating in alternative splicing by antagonising other splicing factors, notably ASF/SF2. The altered expression pattern of hnRNP A2/B1 and/or splicing variant B1 alone in human lung cancer and their potential to serve as molecular markers for early diagnosis remain issues of intense investigation. The main objective of the present study was to use paired tumour/non-tumour biopsies from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to investigate the expression profiles of hnRNP A1, A2/B1 and A3 in conjunction with ASF/SF2.

Methods
We combined western blotting of tissue homogenates with immunohistochemical examination of fixed tissue sections and quantification of mRNA expression levels in tumour versus adjacent normal-looking areas of the lung in the same patient.

Results
Our study, in addition to clear evidence of mostly uncoupled deregulation of hnRNPs A/B, has revealed hnRNP A1 to be the most deregulated protein with a high frequency of over-expression (76%), followed by A3 (52%) and A2/B1 (43%). Moreover, direct comparison of protein/mRNA levels showed a lack of correlation in the case of hnRNP A1 (as well as of ASF/SF2), but not of A2/B1, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie their deregulation.

Conclusion
Our results provide strong evidence for the up-regulation of hnRNP A/B in NSCLC, and they support the existence of distinct mechanisms responsible for their deregulated expression.
CXCL9 and CXCL11 Chemokines Modulation by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Agonists Secretion in Graves’ and Normal Thyrocytes
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Frascerra Silvia , Pupilli Cinzia , Mancusi Caterina , Metelli Maria Rita , Orlando Claudio , Ferrannini Ele , Fallahi Poupak 
Published: September 2010

Context: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α has been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune disorders. However, until now, no data were present in the literature about the effect of PPARα activation on CXCL9 and CXCL11 chemokines in general or on secretion of these chemokines in thyroid cells.Objective and Design: The presence of PPARα and PPARγ has been evaluated by real-time-PCR in Graves’ disease (GD) and control cells in primary culture. Furthermore, we have tested the role of PPARα and PPARγ activation on CXCL9 and CXCL11 secretion in GD and control cells after stimulation of these chemokines secretion with IFNγ and TNFα.Results: This study shows the presence of PPARα and PPARγ in GD and control cells. A potent dose-dependent inhibition by PPARα-agonists was observed on the cytokines-stimulated secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL11 in GD and control cells. The potency of the PPARα agonists used was maximum on the secretion of CXCL9, reaching about 90% of inhibition by fenofibrate and 85% by ciprofibrate. The relative potency of the compounds was different with each chemokine; for example, gemfibrozil exerted a 55% inhibition on CXCL11, whereas it had a weaker activity on CXCL9 (40% inhibition). PPARα agonists were stronger (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.001) inhibitors of CXCL9 and CXCL11 secretion in thyrocytes than PPARγ agonists.Conclusions: Our study shows the presence of PPARα in GD and control thyrocytes. PPARα activators are potent inhibitors of the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL11, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in the thyroid.