bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The determinants of corporate risk in emerging markets: an option‐adjusted spread analysis
Authors: Cavallo Eduardo A. , Valenzuela Patricio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study explores the determinants of corporate bond spreads in emerging markets economies. Using a largely unexploited data set, the paper finds that corporate bond spreads are determined by firm‐specific variables, bond characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, country‐specific sovereign risk, and global factors. A variance decomposition analysis shows that firm‐level performance indicators account for the larger share of the variance. In addition, the paper finds that corporate spreads respond more acutely to sovereign and global risk increases rather than to decreases. This suggests two asymmetries prevalent in the data. The first is in line with the sovereign ceiling ‘lite’ hypothesis, which states that it appears from spreads data that sovereign risk remains a significant determinant of corporate risk although credit rating agencies have gradually moved away from a policy of never rating a corporate above the sovereign. The second is consistent with the popular notion that panics are common in emerging markets where investors are less informed and more prone to herding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tests of the conditional asset pricing model: further evidence from the cross‐section of stock returns
Authors: Hyde Stuart , Sherif Mohamed 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe analyse the ability of the conditional asset pricing models to explain the cross‐sectional variation in UK stock returns. We examine conditional versions of the Sharpe‐Linter CAPM and the Fama‐French three‐factor model. The results indicate that the conditional single‐factor model is rejected in all instances. However, there is evidence supportive of the three‐factor model. A specification of this model that allows for time variation in conditional covariances, conditionally expected returns and the conditional variance of the market cannot be rejected. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐movements between US and UK stock prices: the role of time‐varying conditional correlations
Authors: Aslanidis Nektarios , Osborn Denise R. , Sensier Marianne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe provide evidence on the nature of co‐movement in monthly US and UK stock returns by investigating time‐varying correlations in returns since 1980. There is a marked increase in correlations between these markets around 2000, which we attribute to globalization and model with a time‐varying smooth transition conditional correlation (STCC) GARCH specification. A double transition correlation model with time and US stock price volatility indicates that correlations not only increase over time but also during periods of high volatility. The STCC models perform well in comparison with constant and dynamic conditional correlation models in terms of both statistical and economic criteria, but we demonstrate that an investor will gain little from portfolio diversification across these two important markets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical manipulation for single‐cell studies
Authors: Ramser Kerstin , Hanstorp Dag 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the last decade optical manipulation has evolved from a field of interest for physicists to a versatile tool widely used within life sciences. This has been made possible in particular due to the development of a large variety of imaging techniques that allow detailed information to be gained from investigations of single cells. The use of multiple optical traps has high potential within single‐cell analysis since parallel measurements provide good statistics. Multifunctional optical tweezers are, for instance, used to study cell heterogeneity in an ensemble, and force measurements are used to investigate the mechanical properties of individual cells. Investigations of molecular motors and forces on the single‐molecule level have led to discoveries that would have been difficult to make with other techniques. Optical manipulation has prospects within the field of cell signalling and tissue engineering. When combined with microfluidic systems the chemical environment of cells can be precisely controlled. Hence the influence of pH, salt concentration, drugs and temperature can be investigated in real time. Fast advancing technical developments of automated and user‐friendly optical manipulation tools and cross‐disciplinary collaboration will contribute to the routinely use of optical manipulation techniques within the life sciences. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect on the Ras/Raf signaling pathway of post‐translational modifications of neurofibromin: In silico study of protein modification responsible for regulatory pathways
Authors: Nasir‐ud‐Din  , Kaleem Afshan , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Walker‐Nasir Evelyne , Hoessli Daniel C. , Shakoori Abdul Rauf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMapping and chemical characterization of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins are critical to understand the regulatory mechanisms involving modified proteins and their role in disease. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, where NF1 mutations usually result in a reduced level of the tumor suppressor protein, neurofibromin (NF). NF is a multifunctional cytoplasmic protein that regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in several signaling pathways, particularly the RAS signaling pathway. NF is a Ras GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) that prevents oncogenesis by converting GTP‐Ras to GDP‐Ras. This function of NF is regulated by phosphorylation. Interplay of phosphorylation with O‐GlcNAc modification on the same or vicinal Ser/Thr residues, the Yin Yang sites, is well known in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. The dynamic aspects of PTMs and their interplay being difficult to follow in vivo, we undertook this in silico work to predict and define the possible role of Yin Yang sites in NF‐1. Interplay of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAc modification is proposed as a mechanism controlling the Ras signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 816–824, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth factor control of bone mass
Authors: Canalis Ernesto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBone formation is determined by the number and function of osteoblasts. Cell number is governed by factors that regulate the replication and differentiation of pre‐osteoblasts and factors that regulate osteoblastic cell death. Cell function is controlled by signals acting on the mature osteoblast. Platelet‐derived and fibroblast growth factors are bone cell mitogens. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Wnt induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward osteoblasts, and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I stimulates the function of mature osteoblasts and prevents their death. The activity of BMP, Wnt, and IGF‐I is modulated by extracellular antagonists or binding proteins. Changes in growth factor synthesis and activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of selected forms of osteoporosis, and alterations in the expression or binding of the extracellular antagonists can be associated with changes in bone mass. Current approaches to bone anabolic therapies for osteoporosis include the administration of a growth factor, such as IGF‐I, or the neutralization of an antagonist. Ideally, the targeting of an anabolic agent should be specific to bone to preclude non‐skeletal unwanted side effects. Clinical trials are needed to determine the long‐term effectiveness and safety of novel anabolic agents for the management of osteoporosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 769–777, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced immunogenicity of an anti‐caries vaccine encoding a cell‐surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans by intranasal DNA prime‐protein boost immunization
Authors: Li Yuhong , Jin Jie , Yang Yaping , Bian Zhuan , Chen Zhi , Fan Mingwen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to enhance the specific anti‐caries immunity induced by DNA prime‐protein boost strategy for an A‐P fragment of a cell‐surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans (PAc).MethodsBALB/c mice were immunized with DNA prime‐protein boost, DNA–DNA or protein–protein regimens by the intranasal route, using combinations of plasmid vector (pCIA‐P) that express PAc protein and a pure secretec recombinant PAc protein (rPAc). Then, a gnotobiotic mouse model was constructed 2 weeks after the last immunization, and specific immune responses in vivo and their protection against dental caries were observed.ResultsThe present study revealed stronger antibody responses in the DNA prime‐protein boost group compared to those elicited by either DNA–DNA vaccination or protein–protein vaccination. In particular, PAc‐specific antibody concentrations were improved significantly after boosting the pCIA‐P DNA‐primed mice with rPAc. Moreover, protection against S. mutans challenge was obtained in the mice treated with the DNA prime‐protein boost vaccination, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in S. mutans colonization compared to control mice and animals immunized with the DNA–DNA vaccination or protein–protein vaccination.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the present study suggest that the intranasal DNA prime‐protein boost vaccination regimen is a novel strategy for the practical application of DNA vaccine against dental caries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Middle turbinate flap for skull base reconstruction: Cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Prevedello Daniel M. , Barges‐Coll Juan , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan Carlos , Morera Victor , Jacobson Deborah , Madhok Ricky , dos Santos Marco C. J. , Zanation Adam , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul , Kassam Amin B. , Carrau Ricardo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Surgical resection of intradural pathology through an endonasal corridor creates defects that communicate the subarachnoid space with the sinonasal tract. Reconstruction of these defects with vascularized tissue is superior to any other method. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel vascularized pedicled flap from the middle turbinate (MT) mucosa and to assess its feasibility using a cadaveric model.Methods:Twelve middle turbinate flaps (MTFs) were raised in six fresh cadaveric heads previously injected with colored silicone. Arteries supplying the MT were identified as the turbinate mucoperiosteum was harvested from both its medial and lateral aspects. Length and surface area of the flaps, as well as their ability to cover dural defects of the sella, planum sphenoidale, and fovea ethmoidalis reach were noted.Results:All MTFs adequately covered defects of the planum and fovea ethmoidalis; however, two of the twelve MTFs were not suitable to cover a sellar defect. The mean surface area of the MTFs was 5.6 cm2. As an independent factor surface area did not correlate with the ability of the flap to cover the sellar defects. However, those flaps that were not suitable for sellar repair were less than 4.0 cm in length.Conclusions:Harvesting of a vascular pedicle flap from the MT is feasible, albeit technically demanding. It should be considered as an alternative for the reconstruction of small defects of the fovea ethmoidalis, planum, and sella, particularly for patients for whom a reconstruction with vascularized tissue is desirable but the nasoseptal flap is not available. Laryngoscope, 2009
A contemporary review of indications for primary surgical care of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe success of organ preservation protocols in laryngeal cancer has led to an increase in the use of primary chemoradiation in both laryngeal and extralaryngeal sites, despite a paucity of randomized controlled clinical trial data comparing nonoperative treatment to the gold standard of surgery followed by postoperative radiation for adverse pathologic features for head and neck cancer, and an increasing recognition that the high surgical salvage rates enjoyed by laryngeal cancer patients do not translate to extralaryngeal sites. These data suggest that there is a need to apply more rigorous standards to the use of organ preservation strategies and offer an opportunity to review the role of primary surgery in head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope, 2009
Bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation in children: Our first 50 cases
Authors: Ramsden James D. , Papsin Blake C. , Leung Randy , James Adrian , Gordon Karen A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the safety and surgical technique of bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation in children.Study Design:Prospective case series at a tertiary academic pediatric hospital.Methods:Surgical times, complications, and patient outcomes are reported from the first 50 consecutive simultaneous cochlear implants performed at the Hospital for Sick Children between 2005 and 2008. These results were compared to the same measures in a group of sequentially implanted children consecutively implanted from 2001 to 2008.Results:The group of children receiving simultaneous bilateral cochlear implants showed no difference in complications, length of hospital stay, or use of analgesia and antiemetics compared with children receiving single implants. The simultaneously implanted children had a reduced cumulative surgical time and hospital stay than is required for bilateral implantation performed sequentially.Conclusions:Bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation in this series of children was safe and required no significant increase in surgical time and hospital stay compared with unilateral procedures. Laryngoscope, 2009
Less education and blue collar employment are related to longer time to admission of patients presenting with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Dagan Elad , Wolf Michael , Migirov Lela 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the relation between demographic characteristics and time to admission following unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Study Design:Prospective observational study.Methods:All patients with unilateral SSNHL in our departmental database (June 1, 2006–June 31, 2008) were studied. Data on their age, gender, marital status, household density, educational status, occupation, time to admission, and audiologic findings were retrieved from their medical records and compared. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to occupation, blue collar or white collar, and years of academic education. A comparative analysis between multiple variables and occupational groups and a multivariate analysis were conducted.Results:Of the cohort aged 24 to 78 years, 46% were categorized as white collar. Within no more than 3 days from the first presenting symptom of SSNHL, 71.7% of the white collar group were admitted, as compared to 29.5% of the blue collar group. Multivariate analysis for late admission (>3 days) end‐point prediction showed that lower education level was associated with a later admission time (odds ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.03‐0.74; P = .02), even after adjusting for confounding factors (e.g., degree of hearing loss).Conclusions:Less educated individuals or blue collar workers who suffer a unilateral SSNHL tend to seek medical help later compared to more highly educated or white collar workers. Laryngoscope, 2009
Concerning the use of constant phase elements (CPEs) in the analysis of impedance data
Authors: Huang Y. , Shih H. , Mansfeld F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractImpedance spectra obtained for Al6061 samples that had been anodized and sealed in two different processes and subjected to thermal cycling at three different temperatures have been analyzed using the Equivcrt software using a three‐time constant model with four constant phase elements (CPEs). Excellent agreement has been observed between the experimental and the fit data. The high‐frequency data have also been analyzed using the ANODAL software. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and the fit data was found in both cases; however, the fit parameters were quite different. The relationship between the CPEs and the surface properties of the anodized samples has been discussed.
Lanthanide salts as thermal conversion coatings on silicon carbide reinforced AA5A06 aluminium metal matrix composite
Authors: Aziz I. , Zhang Q. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, cerium and lanthanum chloride binary mixtures conversion coatings were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for silicon carbide particulates reinforced AA5A06 aluminium composite and AA5A06 aluminium alloy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that cerium (III) chloride additions markedly improved the pitting corrosion resistance as compared to lanthanum (III) chloride additions, with maximum increase noted for samples treated with 750 ppm cerium (III) + 250 ppm lanthanum (III) chlorides. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy examinations revealed the existence of a heterogeneous layer formed by precipitation of cerium/lanthanum oxide/hydroxide on the cathodic intermetallics and an aluminium oxide film on the rest of the metal matrix. Improved corrosion resistance was attained for SiC particulates reinforced aluminium composite by means of the cerium/lanthanum conversion treatment, due to the presence of mainly cerium (IV) species as a result of oxidation of cerium (III), which provides auto‐protection properties.
The effect of selected patient's characteristics on the choice of antihypertensive medication in the elderly in Slovakia
Authors: Wawruch Martin , Dukat Andrej , Murin Jan , Wsolova Ladislava , Kuzelova Magdalena , Macugova Agata , Wimmer Gejza , Shah Rashmi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to determine which patient‐related characteristics influence the selection of the antihypertensive drug class in elderly patients in Slovakia.MethodsThe sample for our study (n = 401) was selected from 1045 patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of a general hospital during the period of 1 December 2003—31 March 2005. Patients aged 65 or more with documented arterial hypertension and treated with at least one antihypertensive drug were enrolled in our retrospective study. Specific socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics as well as cardiovascular comorbid conditions were evaluated as potential factors that could have influenced the choice of antihypertensive drug class.ResultsThe most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs were angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics (61.8% and 60.1% of patients, respectively). Patients aged ≥ 85 years had lower probability of ACE inhibitors prescription (OR = 0.49). Females had higher chance of calcium channel blockers use (OR = 3.84) and lower odds of diuretics administration (OR = 0.50). In patients living alone, ACE inhibitors were preferred (OR = 2.16). The use of diuretics was more frequent in polymorbid patients (OR = 1.95). Immobile patients had lower chance of being prescribed beta‐blockers and calcium channel blockers (OR = 0.25 and OR = 0.39, respectively).ConclusionThe present study revealed that the selection of the antihypertensive drug class in elderly patients is influenced not only by comorbid conditions present but also by socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, living alone, polymorbidity and immobilization. These characteristics reflect the doctor's perception of risk from pharmacotherapy of hypertension in elderly patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of the thermal degradation of polymers and copolymers by the use of complex thermal analysis
Authors: Székely T. , Till F. , Varhegyi G. , Blazsó M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA special way of coupling a thermobalance and a quadrupol mass spectrometer proved to be a source of complex information on the structure and degradation of polymers. Two typical examples—polypropylene and polyquinone—were investigated. The most important new findings in the case of polypropylene were connected with the influence of the layer thickness on the thermal stability and the formation of volatile products. New light could be thrown on the mechanism of degradation based on the results. In the case of the new polymer, polyquinone, the effect of the imperfections of structure could be well separated from the basic process of thermal breakdown.
An approach for the systematic development of domain‐specific languages
Authors: Strembeck Mark , Zdun Uwe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBuilding tailored software systems for a particular application domain is a complex task. For this reason,domain‐specific languages(DSLs) receive a constantly growing attention in recent years. So far the main focus of DSL research is on case studies and experience reports for the development of individual DSLs, design approaches and implementation techniques for DSLs, and the integration of DSLs with other software development approaches on a technical level. In this paper, we identify and describe the different activities that we conduct when engineering a DSL, and describe how these activities can be combined in order to define a tailored DSL engineering process. Our research results are based on the experiences we gained from multiple different DSL development projects and prototyping experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kupferchalkogenid‐Clusterverbindungen mit Brom‐funktionalisierter Ligandenhülle
Authors: Langer Robert , Wünsche Linda , Fenske Dieter , Fuhr Olaf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFive new copper chalcogenide cluster molecules, [Cu4(S–C6H4–Br)4(PPh3)4] (1), [Cu22Se6(S–C6H4–Br)10(PPh3)8] (2), [Cu28Se6(S–C6H4–Br)16(PPh3)8] (3), [Cu47Se10(S–C6H4–Br)21(OAc)6(PPh3)8] (4) and [Cu8(S–C6H4–Br)6(S2C–NMe2)2(PPh3)4] (5) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Compounds 1–4 were prepared from the reaction of CuOAc, p‐Br–C6H4–SSiMe3 and Se(SiMe3)2 in the presence of PPh3. In a further reaction of 1 with iPrMgCl and (Me2N–CS2)2 cluster 5 was crystallized.