bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text Mining and Natural Language Processing Approaches for Automatic Categorization of Lay Requests to Web-Based Expert Forums
Authors: Himmel Wolfgang , Reincke Ulrich , Michelmann Hans Wilhelm 
Published: July 2009

Background
Both healthy and sick people increasingly use electronic media to obtain medical information and advice. For example, Internet users may send requests to Web-based expert forums, or so-called “ask the doctor” services.

Objective
To automatically classify lay requests to an Internet medical expert forum using a combination of different text-mining strategies.

Methods
We first manually classified a sample of 988 requests directed to a involuntary childlessness forum on the German website “Rund ums Baby” (“Everything about Babies”) into one or more of 38 categories belonging to two dimensions (“subject matter” and “expectations”). After creating start and synonym lists, we calculated the average Cramer’s V statistic for the association of each word with each category. We also used principle component analysis and singular value decomposition as further text-mining strategies. With these measures we trained regression models and determined, on the basis of best regression models, for any request the probability of belonging to each of the 38 different categories, with a cutoff of 50%. Recall and precision of a test sample were calculated as a measure of quality for the automatic classification.

Results
According to the manual classification of 988 documents, 102 (10%) documents fell into the category “in vitro fertilization (IVF),” 81 (8%) into the category “ovulation,” 79 (8%) into “cycle,” and 57 (6%) into “semen analysis.” These were the four most frequent categories in the subject matter dimension (consisting of 32 categories). The expectation dimension comprised six categories; we classified 533 documents (54%) as “general information” and 351 (36%) as a wish for “treatment recommendations.” The generation of indicator variables based on the chi-square analysis and Cramer’s V proved to be the best approach for automatic classification in about half of the categories. In combination with the two other approaches, 100% precision and 100% recall were realized in 18 (47%) out of the 38 categories in the test sample. For 35 (92%) categories, precision and recall were better than 80%. For some categories, the input variables (ie, “words”) also included variables from other categories, most often with a negative sign. For example, absence of words predictive for “menstruation” was a strong indicator for the category “pregnancy test.”

Conclusions
Our approach suggests a way of automatically classifying and analyzing unstructured information in Internet expert forums. The technique can perform a preliminary categorization of new requests and help Internet medical experts to better handle the mass of information and to give professional feedback.
The Effect of Polar Gaps on the Solutions of Gradiometric Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Eshagh M. 
Published: July 2009

The Effect of Polar Gaps on the Solutions of Gradiometric Boundary Value ProblemsThe lack of satellite gravity gradiometric data, due to inclined orbit, in the Polar Regions influences the geopotential coefficients obtained from the solutions of gradiometric boundary value problems. This paper investigates the polar gaps effect on these solutions and it presents that the near zero-, first- and second-order geopotential coefficients are weakly determined by the vertical-vertical, vertical-horizontal and horizontal solutions, respectively. Also it shows that the vertical-horizontal solution is more sensitive to the lack of data than the other solutions.
PATTERNED LASER CRYSTALLIZATION OF a-Si
Authors: Polyakov B. , Marcins G. , Chubarov M. , Kuzmin A. , Klykov V. , Tale I. 
Published: July 2009

PATTERNED LASER CRYSTALLIZATION OF a-SiThin films of amorphous Si on glass were crystallized by pulsed nano- and picosecond lasers. Two methods for creating the desired patterns of crystallized regions were used. In the former, the pattern is produced by a focused laser beam, and in the latter it is made using a prefabricated mask. The electric conductivity of crystallized films increases by more than 4 orders of magnitude in comparison with untreated amorphous films.
Migrations of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Odra Valley (W Poland)
Authors: Bocheński Marcin , Czechowski Paweł , Jerzak Leszek 
Published: July 2009

Migrations of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Odra Valley (W Poland)
Studies were conducted in 1994-2005, in the middle Odra valley (western Poland), between localities: Bytom Odrzański and Kunice (155 km). During research 1535 controls of different parts of valley were made. There were recorded 26 Charadrii species. Regular occurrence and migrations were observed only for a few of them: Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius), Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), Curlew (Numenius arquata), Redshank (Tringa totanus), Grenshank (T. nebularia), Green Sandpiper (T. ochropus), Wood Sandpiper (T. glareola) and Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos). There were a few observations of rare in Poland - Sociable Plover (Vanellus gregarius) - or usually uncommon inland species - Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Great Snipe (Gallinago media), Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) and Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Two features characterizing the waders' passages in the Lubusian part of Odra valley can be told. Firstly, the abundance of migrating birds is usually lower than in other areas, especially when comparing autumn numbers to big inland reservoirs and some ponds complexes. Secondly, the middle part of Odra valley plays more important role during spring than during autumn passage, especially for Lapwings and Golden Plovers.
Bird Ringing in Antikythira Island (S Greece)
Authors: Dimaki Maria , Papazoglou Clairie , Akriotis Triantaphyllos 
Published: July 2009

Bird Ringing in Antikythira Island (S Greece)
For the period of 1998-2004 we carried out bird ringing on Antikythira island (Greece). During this period, with the help of 39 volunteers, we caught a total of 9455 birds belonging to 73 different species. On our best day we ringed 441 birds in the spring of 2002. In the spring of 2004 we obtained the maximum number of bird species, which was 52 species, and the maximum number of birds, which was 2886 in the period of 25 days. During this study we had four controls and two recoveries. Most of them were found or ringed during the spring of 2004.
Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Vistula Valley in 2004-2005
Authors: Kozik Radosław 
Published: July 2009

Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) in the Middle Vistula Valley in 2004-2005
Studies were conducted in 2004-2005 in the period: 3 July - 26 August. The study area was located in the middle Vistula valley, near village Pawłowice, about 20 km north to the town of Dęblin (51°36'N, 21°38'E). The area covers a 2.5 km long section of not regulated river with ca 2 km2 of sandy beach. This site is an attractive resting and foraging place for migrating waders. Altogether 25 species of migrant waders were observed there. The dominants were: Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) - 52.5-59.3%, Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) - 9.8-18.9%, Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola) - 10.5-11.1%. For the Lapwing, Greenshank (Tringa nebularia), Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius), Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) and Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) the pattern of migration dynamics in the middle Vistula valley was similar to some earlier observations done in this area on the turn of the 1970s. In the Common Sandpiper in the 1970s-1980s no distinct migration peak was recorded, while in 2004-2005 one migration wave extended in time was observed. Migration of the Wood Sandpiper in the 1970s-1980s was characterized by a single migration peak, but in 2004-2005 migration pattern of this species had distinctly two peaks.
Autumn Migration Dynamics of the Dunlin (Calidris alpina) at the Reda Mouth (Southern Baltic)
Authors: Meissner Włodzimierz , Strzałkowska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2009

Autumn Migration Dynamics of the Dunlin (Calidris alpina) at the Reda Mouth (Southern Baltic)
The study was conducted between 1996 and 2000 at one of the most important stopover sites for waders migrating along the southern Baltic coast. Everyday counts and trapping were performed between mid-July and the end of September. This period covered almost the whole period of adult migration, and a little more than a half of the total period of passage of juveniles. The majority of adults passed the study area between mid-July and the third decade of August. After this period adults were still observed among migrated Dunlins, but their number was rather small. In all seasons except 1996 second-year Dunlins migrated earlier than older birds, however migration periods of both groups overlapped to a large extent. First juveniles were recorded among migrating Dunlins as early as in the second decade of July. They belonged to the Baltic subspecies C. a. schinzii. The number of juveniles showed conspicuous increase not earlier than in the last decade of August, when birds of C. a. alpina arrived. The intra-seasonal changes in numbers of adults and juveniles showed a clear wavy structure. Two waves seem to be the most common pattern of juvenile migration in the Baltic area. Different factors which might influence the observed variation of migration patterns are discussed. Among them the most important aspects seem to be differences in migration timing between adult males and females and different geographical populations. Also local environmental conditions and weather situation on a route preceding a particular study site might influence the migration timing.
Sexing Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) in the Field - is there any Simple Method?
Authors: Włodarczyk Radosław , Janiszewski Tomasz , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Minias Piotr , Kleszcz Anna 
Published: July 2009

Sexing Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) in the Field - is there any Simple Method?
There are a few methods used for sex determination in the Common Snipe. However, all proposed methods are based on data obtained from dead birds. The most important feature is the total length of the outermost tail feather. The performed analysis showed that the vane length was strongly correlated with the total length of this feather. It allowed to predict this measurement having only the vane length. Because the measurement procedure influences the vane length, new ranges of vane length typical for each sex are proposed. However, the analysis of the vane length distribution suggested that there were no two homogenous groups that would represent the two sexes. This supports the prediction that the total feather length should be used rather cautiously as a simple sex trait in the Common Snipe. Also the second trait based on the tail feather colour resulted in overestimation of the proportion of females.
Directional Preferences of the Robin (Erithacus rubecula) and the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) During Autumn Migration at Arosio (N Italy) in 2005
Authors: Adamska Karolina , Rosińska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2009

Directional Preferences of the Robin (Erithacus rubecula) and the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) During Autumn Migration at Arosio (N Italy) in 2005
Results of orientation tests of nocturnal migrants with the use of Busse's cage (Busse 1995, Busse 2000) are described in this paper. That method enables to study directional behaviour of nocturnal migrants during daytime. The aim of these studies is the description of directional preferences of the Robin and the Blackcap at the ringing station Arosio, northern Italy. Totally, 220 orientation tests for the Robin and 77 for the Blackcap were performed. Tested species have shown differentiation of directional preferences. Distribution of directions for the Robin is very clear. One direction was preferred - SSE direction (34%). For the Blackcap the distribution of headings was more complex, but two main directions could be distinguished - SSW (23%) and WSW (22%). Migration patterns of both these species in Europe are complicated. Birds migrating through northern Italy should be regarded as different migrating populations (Remisiewicz 2002, Mokwa 2004). However, migration pattern of the Robin was strongly determinated in one SSE direction, which indicates the Apennine Peninsula. Blackcap followed two directions, which indicate western winter quarters. Obtained results stood in accordance with other data, such as recoveries. Although the obtained results seem to be very interesting and promising, only intensive studies, especially in areas indicated by tested birds, could give information about migration pattern of these species.
Density and Flock Size of the Raven (Corvus corax) In the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin During Non-Breeding Season
Authors: Ciach Michał , Wikar Dominik , Bylicka Małgorzata 
Published: July 2009

Density and Flock Size of the Raven (Corvus corax) In the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin During Non-Breeding Season
During the 2002/2003-2004/2005 non-breeding seasons the density of the Raven in the open habitats of the Orawa - Nowy Targ Basin was studied by line transect method. The results were analysed in four periods (autumn, early winter, winter and early spring). The median density of Ravens did not differ significantly between individual periods and was respectively: 3.5, 3.8, 4.8 and 3.8 indiv. / 10 km. Number of birds during particular controls varied from 1.0 to 24.8 indiv. / 10 km. However, while excluding flocks, the median density of single individuals and pairs of the Raven was considerably lower and in subsequent periods reached respectively: 2.2, 2.4, 2.2 and 1.7 indiv. / 10 km. Flock size did not differ significantly between individual periods. Single individuals and, less often, groups of two birds were recorded mostly. Small (3-5 indiv.) and medium (6-15 indiv.) flocks were recorded rarely and large flocks (16 indiv. and above) - only exceptionally. The high density and strong fluctuations of abundance of Ravens were determined by flocks presence, which was probably linked to irregular occurrence of food resources.
Ringing Results of the Carpatica Ringing Station (S Poland) in 1998-2005
Authors: Filar Monika , Adamska Karolina , Jędra Marek 
Published: July 2009

Ringing Results of the Carpatica Ringing Station (S Poland) in 1998-2005
The Carpatica ringing station is located at Myscowa, in the centre of the Beskid Niski Mountains, in southern Poland. The ringing site has been operating since 1998 and since 2000 it has belonged to the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) — an international organization for institutions that study bird migration. The Carpatica ringing station is situated on the south-eastern migration flyway crossing the Carpathian Mountains. Totally, 29 869 birds out of 92 different species, mainly passerines were ringed in 1998-2005. Station location and biotopes, species composition of captured birds, field work methods and results are described in the paper.
Changes in Numbers of Some Bird Species in the Agricultural Landscape of Eastern Poland
Authors: Goławski Artur 
Published: July 2009

Changes in Numbers of Some Bird Species in the Agricultural Landscape of Eastern Poland
The studies were carried out in eastern Poland, near Siedlce (52°12'N, 22°17'E). The study area covered 788 ha of extensive agricultural landscape. The fieldwork was conducted in 1999-2003 and it comprised 7 counts per season in each year. Tendencies in changes of numbers were followed for 19 bird species. Directional increasing trends in numbers of the Serin (Serinus serinus) and Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana) were revealed. A statistically significant decreases in numbers considered the Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra) and Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra). For the remaining 14 species — e.g. the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio), Linnet (Carduelis cannabina), Goldfinch (C. chloris), Whitethroat (Sylvia communis), Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) — no directional tendencies in numbers of breeding pairs were found. A comparison of tendencies in numbers of analysed species with tendencies observed in western Europe and in western Poland showed that the status of birds in the agricultural landscape of eastern Poland was much better. This has probably been caused by lower intensity of farming practice and more diverse mosaic of habitats.
Does the Nearctic Knot (Calidris canutus islandica) Appear in Poland?
Authors: Meissner Włodzimierz , Gromadzka Jadwiga 
Published: July 2009

Does the Nearctic Knot (Calidris canutus islandica) Appear in Poland?
The probability of the Nearctic Knot occurrence in Poland is discussed. Occasional appearing of this subspecies in Poland seems to be probable. The Nearctic Knot may be represented by individuals observed in Poland during winter and early spring or occurring during autumn migration and then recorded on wintering grounds in western Europe, and also by juveniles appearing not numerously in the first half of August, hence earlier than the probable period of arriving juveniles of the Siberian subspecies Calidris canutus canutus at the Baltic.
Biometrics Variation and Directional Preferences of Immature Robins (Erithacus rubecula) Caught in Northern Italy during Autumn Migration in 2005
Authors: Rosińska Katarzyna , Adamska Karolina 
Published: July 2009

Biometrics Variation and Directional Preferences of Immature Robins (Erithacus rubecula) Caught in Northern Italy during Autumn Migration in 2005
Inter-seasonal changes of biometry and preferred migration directions of Robins were studied according to data collected during autumn migration in northern Italy at the Arosio Bird Observatory (45°43'N, 9°12'E). Altogether 598 immature Robins were caught and 187 orientation tests were performed. Wing, tail and tarsus length, wing shape and weight were analysed in subsequent five migration waves distinguished according to migration dynamics. General pattern of migration as well as graphs with distribution of preferred directions in subsequent waves were prepared. In the case of tail length and weight their average values in subsequent waves were significantly different. Decrease of wing length was noted along the season. On the contrary, increasing trend was observed in the case of tail length and wing shape. Results of orientation tests showed that SSE direction was predominant (34%). SW direction was not clearly marked and its percentage was 23%. Distribution of directions slightly changed in subsequent migration waves. Noted results suggest passage of Robins heading to the Mediterranean basin and Apennine winter quarters. Obtained inter-seasonal changes of biometry and preferred directions can be an effect of differences in migration time between this groups or gradual inflow of more northern populations what the authors discuss here.
Autumn Migration Dynamics, Body Mass, Fat Load and Stopover Behaviour of the Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) at Manyas KuşcennetI National Park (NW Turkey)
Authors: Didrickson Özgür , Didrickson Jno , Busse Przemysław 
Published: July 2009

Autumn Migration Dynamics, Body Mass, Fat Load and Stopover Behaviour of the Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) at Manyas KuşcennetI National Park (NW Turkey)
Turkey is located on one of the major migratory routes between Palearctic and Afrotropical regions. Despite its importance for many species, few studies exist on bird migration over Turkey. In this study, autumn migration dynamics and stopover behaviour of the Willow Warbler, a passage migrant in Turkey, was documented and analysed at Manyas Kuşcenneti National Park (NW Turkey). Birds were mist-netted, ringed, measured, weighed and fat scored from mid-August in 2002 and end of August in 2003 to end of October in both years. Totally, 543 and 929 Willow Warblers were ringed in 2002 and 2003, respectively. For 2002 and 2003 respectively, fat score values (mean ± SE) were 4.63 ± 0.06 and 3.84 ± 0.05, while body mass reached 11.38 ± 0.07 and 10.37 ± 0.05 g for birds captured for the first time. Fat scores in 2003 showed a bimodal distribution with peaks of T2
and T5
, indicating populations or groups with different migratory strategies. The number of retraps constituted 9.2-12.1% of birds captured. In both years, minimum stopover length ranged from 1 to 15 or 16 days with a median of 5 days (averages 5.26 and 5.54, respectively). The majority of the retraps put on significant fat in both years. Retraps continued to put on weight for up to two weeks after they had arrived. In this second study documenting the Willow Warbler migration in Turkey, it was revealed that such wetlands as Manyas Kuşcenneti National Park provide crucial stopover habitat for possibly several populations of the species enabling them to gain necessary fat loads before crossing two major ecological barriers, the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara.
Algorithmic System for Identifying Bird Radio-Echo and Plotting Radar Ornithological Charts
Authors: Dinevich Leonid , Leshem Yossi 
Published: July 2009

Algorithmic System for Identifying Bird Radio-Echo and Plotting Radar Ornithological Charts
The territory of Israel is a route for major bird migration from Europe and certain areas in Asia and Africa and back. During the period of intensive migration, the average density of birds may reach over 500 birds per a square kilometre of the air. These figures, alongside with the fact the air over the country is saturated with aircraft, makes it an urgent task to find solutions for prevention of disasters caused by aircraft-bird collisions.
In the present paper, a new algorithm is proposed aimed at identifying bird radar echoes against the background of other reflectors. The implementation of the algorithm has made it possible to improve the computerised radar system for bird monitoring developed earlier in Israel on the basis of MRL-5 meteorological radar station. The time needed for echo selection has been significantly reduced, while the trustworthiness of the ornithological data provided by the algorithm has increased. The new algorithm utilizes several echo properties that have been added to the algorithm previously developed by the authors, the most important of them being the pattern of echo movement. These properties in combination with a set of techniques used for their identification enabled to isolate the echo from moving birds against the background of other objects (ground clutter, clouds, atmospheric inhomogeneities, aircraft, etc.) at the accuracy level sufficient for operational purposes. The information on echo movement was used for plotting flight vectors (velocity and direction) of individual birds and bird groups. On the basis of movement pattern, four types of movement were distinguished: straightforward at non-uniform velocity; straightforward at uniform velocity; significant deviation from a straight line, non-uniform velocity and chaotic undirected shifts. The system enables on-line plotting of operational ornithological charts every 15-30 min, including charts that combine meteorological and bird monitoring data, to be provided to air traffic control services. This makes the proposed radar ornithological system an efficient means of maintaining air traffic safety in complicated meteorological and ornithological conditions.