bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON PREDICTIVE MODELS RELATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO TEXTURE OF COOKED RICE AND THE APPLICATION IN RICE BLENDS
Authors: ZHU BO , LI BIN , ZHENG XIAO DONG , XU BAO LI , LIANG SHEN , KUANG XUAN , MA MEI HU 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The reports about predictive model developed between textural properties and physicochemical parameters are insufficient, and the application and feasibility of predictive model in rice blend have not been reported. The purpose of our study was to determine the extent to which the physicochemical parameters can be used to predict the textural properties of cooked rice and to make analysis of the application and feasibility of predictive model in rice blends. The results showed that amylose content (AC), blue value (BV) and moisture content (MC) had significant correlation with textural properties and the principal component factor analysis results indicated that AC and MC were the first factor and BV was the second. The predictive models for estimating texture of cooked rice with high accuracy were developed, which were validated with acceptance for application in rice blends by conducting 95% confidence limits validation of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) procedure on simplex‐lattice design rice blends. Also, the optimized predictive models could be extensively used in single rice cultivars as well as rice blends, which is helpful to improve the use of low‐quality rice cultivars by blending high‐quality and low‐quality rice to meet the needs of consumers at relatively lower cost. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe reports about predictive model developed between textural properties and physicochemical parameters are insufficient, and the application and feasibility of predictive model in rice blend have not been reported. The application of this study lies in developing predictive models for estimating texture of cooked rice with high accuracy and further obtaining the optimized predictive models that could be extensively used in single rice cultivars as well as in rice blends. The findings can be utilized to improve the use of low‐quality rice cultivars by blending high‐quality and low‐quality rice to meet the needs of consumers at relatively lower cost.
FLOW VELOCITY OF A BOLUS IN THE PHARYNX AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AGAR AND GELATIN
Authors: MORITAKA HATSUE , NAKAZAWA FUMIKO 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The flow velocity through the human throat and rheological properties of 0.2–0.8% agar and 0.8–2.4% gelatin were investigated. The maximum flow velocity decreased with increasing concentrations of agar and gelatin, with marked changes from 0 to 0.4% in agar, and from 0 to 1.4% in gelatin, with no further changes at concentration higher than 0.4% in agar but changes at concentration up to 2.4% in gelatin. Although the hardness and adhesiveness increased with increasing concentrations of agar and gelatin, the cohesiveness decreased. In the sensory evaluation, agar and gelatin became difficult to swallow with increasing agar and gelatin concentration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research contributes to enhance the knowledge of the investigation area of the flow velocity of bolus in a pharynx. Moreover, this research is useful in order to make the foods for person with difficulties in chewing and swallowing. In fact, the results demonstrate the importance of measuring the flow velocity of bolus in the pharynx part not only the rheological properties of food.
COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF RICE FLOUR–FISH MINCE BASED EXTRUDED PRODUCTS WITH EMPHASIS ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RICE FLOUR
Authors: DILEEP A.O. , SHAMASUNDAR B.A. , BINSI P.K. , HOWELL N.K. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT Extruded products with rice flour and ribbonfish mince mixture were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder with varying barrel temperatures, and the quality of the final product was evaluated. The optimum process conditions, as revealed by organoleptic evaluation for acceptable final products, included a barrel temperature of 90C and fish mince concentration of 10%. The amino acid composition of final extruded product revealed a higher content of lysine, glutamic acid and leucine. The increase in expansion ratio and water absorption capacity of extrudate with 10% fish mince was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by barrel temperature. The breaking strength of the extrudate increased significantly (P < 0.05) with addition of 20% fish mince. The differential scanning calorimetric studies of rice flour indicated the peak value of endothermic transition at 64.73C, which is specific for short grain rice flour. The dynamic rheological testing of rice flour solution (10%) indicated gelatinization temperature at 63.3C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSExtruded food products are widely used as snack products. Usually, extruded products are prepared using cereal flour, which have less protein content and are limited in some essential amino acid. In order to increase the nutritive value of such products, the incorporation of protein‐rich fish mince is important. Preparation of extruded products using cereal flours incorporating fish mince, without compromising the quality of the final product, would help to improve their nutritional quality. Hence, the present investigation aimed at preparing extruded products using rice flour with added ribbonfish mince. Barrel temperature and the percentage of fish mince for the preparation of extruded products were optimized in order to commercialize such snack foods. This will help to enrich the nutritive value of the rice flour‐based extruded products, which are widely used in developing countries.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND SENSORY EVALUATION IN INSTANT NOODLES STUDIED BY PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION
Authors: XUE DAN , GAO HAIYAN , ZHAO LEI , YIN JINGYUAN 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The PLS regression technique was used to study how chemical composition of the wheat flours and physical properties of dough (independent variables, x) were related to the sensory attributes (dependent variables, y) of instant noodles. Five wheat flours were characterized and physical properties of doughs were measured. About 68% of the variability in sensory could be explained by the chemical composition of flours and physical dough properties. The albumin, starch and amylose were positively and the total protein content, gliadin, globulin, ash, Zn and Mg were negatively related to sensory attributes along the PLS‐factor1. Along the PLS‐factor2, water and Ca of wheat flours were positively and negatively related to the sensory attributes, respectively. The PLS‐factor1 consisted mainly of farinograms and extensograms parameters, while PLS‐factor2 mainly described variation in gelatinization properties. The glutelin and SP had a small contribution to the sensory appeals of instant noodles. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe relationship between instrumental measurements and sensory evaluation in instant noodles were studied by partial least squares regression. The results of this research might be useful for the evaluation of the texture of instant noodle objectively and accurately.
Globalising New Zealand : Fonterra Co‐operative Group, and shaping the future
Authors: Gray Stuart , Le Heron Richard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNew Zealanders have little collective vision of their position and future in a globalising world. Recent developments in New Zealand's primary sector show potential pathways to the future. We explore two claims: thinking about New Zealand is to think about the emergence of Fonterra Co‐operative Group in New Zealand's globalising economy. Thinking about Fonterra is to think about New Zealand and the implications that spring from globalising activities. Fonterra is a lens to understand better the possibilities and development options and the challenges that are arising as New Zealand forges its place in a globalising world.
A constructivist approach to using GIS in the New Zealand classroom
Authors: Kinniburgh John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe development of the revised New Zealand Curriculum provides an excellent opportunity to investigate GIS‐based learning pedagogies within the social sciences classroom. The new curriculum privileges inquiry‐based activities with a more participatory approach to learning, providing students with greater autonomy in their studies. This paper emphasises the value of GIS technology for extending student learning when situated within a problem‐based learning (PBL) framework. Using GIS, students undertake geographic inquiry through meaningful learning grounded in constructivist learning theory. PBL is well suited as an instructional strategy for integrating GIS as students actively learn when presented with authentic, real‐world problems.
Prevalence and risk factors of Barrett's esophagus in patients undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: XIONG Li Shou , CUI Yi , WANG Jin Ping , WANG Jin Hui , XUE Ling , HU Pin Jin , CHEN Min Hu 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and its risk factors in patients undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms in a Chinese tertiary referral medical center.METHODS:  All consecutive patients receiving an endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms in our medical center from September to December 2007 were recruited. BE was explored for at endoscopy when a suspected columnar‐lined esophagus was found. Patients with specialized intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus were defined as having BE.RESULTS:  A total of 2022 patients (1053 male and 969 female) were recruited. The patients were aged 18 to 88 years and with a mean age of 46.97 ± 14.84 years. BE was found in 21 patients (15 male and 6 female), a prevalence of 1.0% of all patients receiving endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms in our medical center. One of the 21 patients had low‐grade dysplasia. By logistic multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.07) and reflux esophagitis (OR 4.44; 95% CI, 1.22, 16.17) were factors associated significantly with BE.CONCLUSION:  The prevalence of BE in our study was lower than that reported in other studies, especially in studies from developed countries. Older age and reflux esophagitis may be the risk factors for developing BE.
Natural orifice surgery: applications in colonic surgery
Authors: Leroy J. , Cahill R. , Wu H. S. , Marescaux J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNatural orifice transluminal endoscopic abdominal surgery, or NOTES, allows invasive operations to be performed through a single or multiple natural‐orifice approach either in isolation (“pure”) or in combination with a transparietal (”hybrid”) access format. Therefore, to facilitate a colonic or rectal resection, the transgastric, transrectal or transcolonic routes, as well as the transvaginal route in women, can all be used either alone or in combination. We are now performing resectional colonic techniques on our patients that have been inspired by this revolutionary concept, carefully planned with storyboarding and validated in porcine models with survival analysis. Adaptation of existing equipment along with the use of new instruments and some simple ideas, such as magnetic fields to retract and mobilize the colon, have allowed us to simplify and standardize the operative technique (the first steps to ensuring procedural reproducibility). Initial potential applications can easily be imagined for partial colonic resections for voluminous benign polyps and for small early cancers, but these applications may extend to incorporate inflammatory bowel diseases such as diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon. For these techniques to further improve and the concept to become a concrete reality, a change in current surgical practice is required, and conventional laparoscopic techniques must be understood to represent a point along the evolutional development of surgery and not considered the final destination. However, as important as technical capacity is, due consideration and assurance of oncological and immunological propriety is essential, as is the issue of clarifying precise patient harm:benefit risk ratios.
Eigenvalue enclosures and exclosures for non-self-adjoint problems in hydrodynamics
Authors: Malcolm Brown B. , Langer Matthias , Marletta Marco , Tretter Christiane , Wagenhofer Markus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present computer-assisted proofs of a number of results in theoretical fluid dynamics and in quantum mechanics. An algorithm based on interval arithmetic yields provably correct eigenvalue enclosures and exclosures for non-self-adjoint boundary eigenvalue problems, the eigenvalues of which are highly sensitive to perturbations. We apply the algorithm to: the Orr–Sommerfeld equation with Poiseuille profile to prove the existence of an eigenvalue in the classically unstable region for Reynolds number R=5772.221818; the Orr–Sommerfeld equation with Couette profile to prove upper bounds for the imaginary parts of all eigenvalues for fixed R and wave number α; the problem of natural oscillations of an incompressible inviscid fluid in the neighbourhood of an elliptical flow to obtain information about the unstable part of the spectrum off the imaginary axis; Squire’s problem from hydrodynamics; and resonances of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators.
FOXD3 Is a Mutant B-RAF–Regulated Inhibitor of G1-S Progression in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Abel Ethan V. , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor FOXD3 is a stemness factor that prevents the production of melanocyte progenitors from the developing neural crest; however, its role in human cancers is not known. Transformation of melanocytes gives rise to melanoma. In two thirds of melanomas, the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF is mutated to a constitutively active form. Here, we show that FOXD3 levels are upregulated following attenuation of B-RAF and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) signaling in mutant B-RAF harboring human melanoma cells. This effect was selective because FOXD3 was not upregulated following MEK inhibition in wild-type B-RAF melanoma cells and mutant B-RAF thyroid carcinoma cells. Ectopic FOXD3 expression potently inhibited melanoma cell growth without altering mutant B-RAF activation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of cell growth was due to a potent G1 cell cycle arrest and was associated with p53-dependent upregulation of p21Cip1. FOXD3-induced cell cycle arrest was prevented by p53 depletion and, to a lesser extent, p21Cip1 depletion. These studies show that FOXD3 is suppressed by B-RAF, uncover a novel role and mechanism for FOXD3 as a negative cell cycle regulator, and have implications for the repression of melanocytic lineage cells. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2891–900
Antitumor Activity of Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor 4-Methylumbelliferone in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Lokeshwar Vinata B. , Lopez Luis E. , Munoz Daniel , Chi Andrew , Shirodkar Samir P. , Lokeshwar Soum D. , Escudero Diogo O. , Dhir Neetika , Altman Norman 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor with anticancer properties; the mechanism of its anticancer effects is unknown. We evaluated the effects of 4-MU on prostate cancer cells. 4-MU inhibited proliferation, motility, and invasion of DU145, PC3-ML, LNCaP, C4-2B, and/or LAPC-4 cells. At IC50 for HA synthesis (0.4 mmol/L), 4-MU induced &gt;3-fold apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which could be prevented by the addition of HA. 4-MU induced caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, upregulation of Fas-L, Fas, FADD and DR4, and downregulation of bcl-2, phosphorylated bad, bcl-XL, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated IKB, phosphorylated ErbB2, and phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor. At IC50, 4-MU also caused &gt;90% inhibition of NF-κB reporter activity, which was prevented partially by the addition of HA. With the exception of caveolin-1, HA reversed the 4-MU–induced downregulation of HA receptors (CD44 and RHAMM), matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9), interleukin-8, and chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR4, and CXCR7) at the protein and mRNA levels. Expression of myristoylated-Akt rescued 4-MU–induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth and interleukin-8, RHAMM, HAS2, CD44, and MMP-9 expression. Oral administration of 4-MU significantly decreased PC3-ML tumor growth (&gt;3-fold) when treatment was started either on the day of tumor cell injection or after the tumors became palpable, without organ toxicity, changes in serum chemistry, or body weight. Tumors from 4-MU–treated animals showed reduced microvessel density (∼3-fold) and HA expression but increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling–positive cells and expression of apoptosis-related molecules. Therefore, the anticancer effects of 4-MU, an orally bioavailable and relatively nontoxic agent, are primarily mediated by inhibition of HA signaling. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2613–23
NF-κB–Inhibited Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Rescued from Apoptosis by Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction
Authors: Rushworth Stuart A. , Bowles Kristian M. , Raninga Prahlad , MacEwan David J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Despite high basal NF-κB activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, inhibiting NF-κB in these cells has little or no effect on inducing apoptosis. We previously showed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) underlies this resistance of AML to tumor necrosis factor–induced apoptosis. Here, we describe a mechanism by which HO-1 is a silent antiapoptotic factor only revealed when NF-κB is inhibited, thus providing a secondary antiapoptotic mechanism to ensure AML cell survival and chemoresistance. We show that inhibition of NF-κB increased HO-1 expression in primary AML cells compared with that of nonmalignant cells. In addition, we observed this suppressed HO-1 level in AML cells compared with CD34+ nonmalignant control cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and small interfering RNA knockdown, we showed that the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 control this suppression of HO-1 in AML cells. Finally, we showed that inhibition of HO-1 and NF-κB in combination significantly induced apoptosis in AML cells but not in noncancerous control cells. Thus, NF-κB inhibition combined with HO-1 inhibition potentially provides a novel therapeutic approach to treat chemotherapy-resistant forms of AML. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2973–83
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Inside MicroRNA Target Sites Influence Tumor Susceptibility
Authors: Nicoloso Milena S. , Sun Hao , Spizzo Riccardo , Kim Hyunsoo , Wickramasinghe Priyankara , Shimizu Masayoshi , Wojcik Sylwia E. , Ferdin Jana , Kunej Tanja , Xiao Lianchun , Manoukian Siranoush , Secreto Giorgio , Ravagnani Fernando , Wang Xuemei , Radice Paolo , Croce Carlo M. , Davuluri Ramana V. , Calin George A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with polygenetic disorders, such as breast cancer (BC), can create, destroy, or modify microRNA (miRNA) binding sites; however, the extent to which SNPs interfere with miRNA gene regulation and affect cancer susceptibility remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that disruption of miRNA target binding by SNPs is a widespread mechanism relevant to cancer susceptibility. To test this, we analyzed SNPs known to be associated with BC risk, in silico and in vitro, for their ability to modify miRNA binding sites and miRNA gene regulation and referred to these as target SNPs. We identified rs1982073-TGFB1 and rs1799782-XRCC1 as target SNPs, whose alleles could modulate gene expression by differential interaction with miR-187 and miR-138, respectively. Genome-wide bioinformatics analysis predicted ∼64% of transcribed SNPs as target SNPs that can modify (increase/decrease) the binding energy of putative miRNA::mRNA duplexes by &gt;90%. To assess whether target SNPs are implicated in BC susceptibility, we conducted a case-control population study and observed that germline occurrence of rs799917-BRCA1 and rs334348-TGFR1 significantly varies among populations with different risks of developing BC. Luciferase activity of target SNPs, allelic variants, and protein levels in cancer cell lines with different genotypes showed differential regulation of target genes following overexpression of the two interacting miRNAs (miR-638 and miR-628-5p). Therefore, we propose that transcribed target SNPs alter miRNA gene regulation and, consequently, protein expression, contributing to the likelihood of cancer susceptibility, by a novel mechanism of subtle gene regulation. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2789–98
Smac Mimetic Increases Chemotherapy Response and Improves Survival in Mice with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dineen Sean P. , Roland Christina L. , Greer Rachel , Carbon Juliet G. , Toombs Jason E. , Gupta Puja , Bardeesy Nabeel , Sun Haizhou , Williams Noelle , Minna John D. , Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Failure of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is often due to resistance to therapy-induced apoptosis. A major mechanism for such resistance is the expression and activity of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Smac (second mitochondria–derived activator of caspase) is a mitochondrial protein that inhibits IAPs. We show that JP1201, a Smac mimetic, is a potent enhancer of chemotherapy in robust mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Combination of JP1201 with gemcitabine reduced primary and metastatic tumor burden in orthotopic xenograft and syngenic tumor models, induced regression of established tumors, and prolonged survival in xenograft and transgenic models of pancreatic cancer. The effect of JP1201 was phenocopied by XIAP small interfering RNA in vitro and correlated with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α protein in vivo. The continued development of JP1201 and other strategies designed to enhance therapy-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer is warranted. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2852–61
FoxM1B Regulates NEDD4-1 Expression, Leading to Cellular Transformation and Full Malignant Phenotype in Immortalized Human Astrocytes
Authors: Dai Bingbing , Pieper Russell O. , Li Dawei , Wei Ping , Liu Mingguang , Woo Shiao Y. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Sawaya Raymond , Xie Keping , Huang Suyun 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that the FoxM1B transcription factor is overexpressed in human glioma tissues and that the level of its expression correlates directly with glioma grade. However, whether FoxM1B plays a role in the early development of glioma (i.e., in transformation) is unknown. In this study, we found that the FoxM1B molecule causes cellular transformation and tumor formation in normal human astrocytes (NHA) immortalized by p53 and pRB inhibition. Moreover, brain tumors that arose from intracranial injection of FoxM1B-expressing immortalized NHAs displayed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) phenotypes, suggesting that FoxM1B overexpression in immortalized NHAs not only transforms the cells but also leads to GBM formation. Mechanistically, our results showed that overexpression of FoxM1B upregulated NEDD4-1, an E3 ligase that mediates the degradation and downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in multiple cell lines. Decreased PTEN in turn resulted in the hyperactivation of Akt, which led to phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of FoxO3a. Blocking Akt activation with phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt inhibitors inhibited the FoxM1B-induced transformation of immortalized NHAs. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxM1B in immortalized NHAs increased the expression of survivin, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, which are important molecules for tumor growth. Collectively, these results indicate that overexpression of FoxM1B, in cooperation with p53 and pRB inhibition in NHA cells, promotes astrocyte transformation and GBM formation through multiple mechanisms. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2951–61