bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Inertia Among People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Qatar: The INERT‐Q Study
Authors: Bashir Mohammed , Thani Noora Al , Khalid Abeer , Khalil Obada , Alamer Zaina , Hamad Mohammed Khair , Karuppasamy Gowri , Abufaeid Mohammed , Elbidairi Mutwakil , Al‐Mohnnadi Dhabia , Elhadd Tarik , Zirie Mahmoud 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAchieving and maintaining adequate glycaemic control is critical to reduce diabetes‐related complications. Therapeutic inertia is one of the leading causes of suboptimal glycaemic control.AimTo assess the degree of inertia in insulin initiation and intensification in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM‐2).MethodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal cohort study and followed DM‐2 2 years before and 2 years after the start of insulin. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved glycaemic targets (HBA1c ≤ 7.5%) at 6th month, 1st year and 2nd year.ResultsWe included 374 predominantly male subjects (62%). The mean age was 55.3 ± 11.3 years, the mean duration of DM‐2 was 12.0 ± 7.3 years, 64.4% were obese, 47.6% had a microvascular disease, and 24.3% had a macrovascular disease. The mean HBA1c at −2nd year and −1st year was 9.2 ± 2.1% and 9.3 ± 2.0%, respectively. The mean HbA1C at the time of insulin initiation was 10.4 ± 2.1%. The mean HBA1c at 6th month, 12th month and 2nd year was 8.5 ± 1.8%, 8.4 ± 1.8% and 8.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. The proportion of subjects who achieved HBA1c targets at 6th month, 12th month and 2nd year was 32.9%, 31.0% and 32.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that achieving HBA1c targets at 6th month and 1st year increases the odds of achieving HBA1c targets at 2nd year (OR 4.87 [2.4–9.6] p < 0.001) and (OR 6.2 [3.2–12.0], p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionIn people with DM‐2, there was an alarming delay in starting and titrating insulin. The reduction in HBA1c plateaued at 6th month. Earlier initiation and intensification of insulin therapy are critical to achieving glycaemic targets. More studies are needed to examine the causes of therapeutic inertia from physicians', patients' and systems' points of view.
Decoding cardiogenic shock: assessing shock index and its variants as prognostic indicators for in‐hospital mortality
Authors: Colarusso Luigi , Brahmbhatt Darshan H. , Scolari Fernando L. , Keon Kristine A. , Shin Emily , De Pellegrin Overgaard Ava I. , Nisar Mahrukh , Fung Nicole , Ibrahimova Narmin , Billia Filio , Overgaard Christopher B. , Luk Adriana C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high in‐hospital mortality. Objective assessment of its severity and prognosis is paramount for timely therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the shock index (SI) and its variants as prognostic indicators for in‐hospital mortality.MethodsA retrospective study involving 1282 CS patients were evaluated. Baseline patient characteristics, clinical trajectory, hospital outcomes, and shock indices were collected and analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to determine the predictive accuracy of shock indices in predicting in‐hospital mortality.ResultsOf those evaluated, 866 (67.6%) survived until discharge. Non‐survivors were older (66.0 ± 13.7 vs. 57.4 ± 16.2, P < 0.001), had a higher incidence of cardiac risk factors, and were more likely to present with acute coronary syndrome (33.4% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.001) and out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (11.3% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.001). All mean shock indices were significantly higher in non‐survivors compared with survivors. ROC curves demonstrated that adjusted shock index (ASI), age‐modified shock index (AMSI), and shock index‐C (SIC) had the highest predictive accuracy for in‐hospital mortality, with AUC values of 0.654, 0.667, and 0.659, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that SIC had good predictive ability in patients with STEMI (AUC: 0.714) and ACS (AUC: 0.696) while AMSI and ASI were notably predictive in the OHCA group (AUC: 0.707 and 0.701, respectively).ConclusionsShock index and its variants, especially ASI, AMSI, and SIC, may be helpful in predicting in‐hospital mortality in CS patients. Their application could guide clinicians in upfront risk stratification. SIC, ASI, and AMSI show potential in predicting in‐hospital mortality in specific CS subsets (STEMI and OHCA). This is the first study to evaluate SI and its variants in CS patients.
Global warming impacts on rockfall frequency and magnitude due to changing frost distribution and frost cracking effectiveness
Authors: Birien Tom , Gauthier Francis , Meloche Francis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe distribution of freezing and thawing within rock masses is time varying (day to day or season to season) and controls the effectiveness of the frost cracking processes from the surface until various depths. These processes are major contributors to the development of rock instabilities. By altering the thermal regime of rockwalls, global warming could have a major impact on rockfall dynamic by the end of the 21st century. This study seeks to improve our understanding of the influence of this warming on (i) the distribution of freezing and thawing within rock masses, (ii) the effectiveness of frost cracking and (iii) the frequency and magnitude of rockfalls. Thermistor sensors inserted in a 5.5‐m horizontal borehole and a weather station were installed on a vertical rockwall located in the northern Gaspé Peninsula (Canada). This instrumentation was used to calculate the surface energy balance of the rockwall and to measure and model its thermal regime at depth over a period of 28 months. Combining locally recorded historical air temperature data with simulated future data (scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) made it possible to extend the rockwall thermal regime model over the period 1950–2100. The effectiveness of frost cracking over this 150‐year period has been quantified using a thermomechanical model. Depending on the scenario, warming of 3.3°C to 6.2°C is expected on the northern Gaspé Peninsula by the end of the 21st century. This rapid warming is likely to decrease the maximum depth reaches by the seasonal frost by 1–2 m and shorten its duration by 1–3 months. The frequency of freeze–thaw cycles could increase twelvefold in January. Frost cracking effectiveness should intensify around 70 cm in depth and disappear beyond that (RCP4.5) or diminish starting at 10 cm in depth (RCP8.5). In areas subject to seasonal freeze–thaw cycles, decimetric rockfall frequency could grow considerably in winter but be significantly reduced in fall and spring. Furthermore, frost cracking would cease contributing to the development of larger magnitude instabilities.
Identification of characteristic volatiles of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar using HS‐SPME‐GC/MS coupled with multivariate analysis
Authors: Li Zhihua , Fang Wenbing , Wang Siwen , Shi Jiyong , Zou Xiaobo , Huang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study employed headspace solid phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to identify volatile markers in various levels of Zhenjiang Aromatic Vinegar (ZAV). A full range of 40 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified and categorized into acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, heterocyclic compounds and others. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) demonstrated a clear clustering effect among different levels of ZAV, indicating distinct volatile characteristics at the relative content level. Furthermore, using Orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA), 20 significant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified as markers for distinguishing between the various levels of ZAV. To differentiate among the levels of ZAV, two volatile compounds, acetic acid and n‐hexanol, were identified as characteristic volatile compounds using a combination of Venn diagram, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and boxplot analysis. The results showed notable variations in VOCs among ZAV samples of different grades. Acetic acid and n‐hexanol can serve as reliable markers for grade distinction, providing valuable technical and theoretical support for the production and quality control of ZAV.
Polyphenols improve non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mohammadhasani Kimia , Vahedi Fard Mohammad , Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri Ali , Khorasanchi Zahra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyphenols, natural micronutrients derived from plants, are valued for their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The escalating global prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) underscores its status as a chronic progressive liver condition. Furthermore, the dysregulation of gut microbiota (GM) is implicated in the onset and progression of NAFLD through the actions of metabolites such as bile acids (BAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), choline, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, GM may influence the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This review aims to evaluate the potential effects of polyphenols on GM and intestinal barrier function, and their subsequent impact on NAFLD. We searched through a wide range of databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus to gather information for our non‐systematic review of English literature. GM functions and composition can be regulated by polyphenols such as chlorogenic acid, curcumin, green tea catechins, naringenin, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane. Regulating GM composition improves NAFLD by alleviating inflammation, liver fat accumulation, and liver enzymes. Furthermore, it improves serum lipid profile and gut barrier integrity. All of these components affect NAFLD through the metabolites of GM, including SCFAs, choline, LPS, and BAs. Current evidence indicates that chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin can modulate GM, improving intestinal barrier integrity and positively impacting NAFLD. More studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of naringenin, sulforaphane, and catechin.
Free fibula mandible reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis is more challenging than for primary cancer
Authors: Lee Z‐Hye , Shuck John W. , Largo Rene D. , Chang Edward I. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Yu Peirong , Garvey Patrick B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is an unfortunate potential sequela of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. In advanced cases of ORN, mandibulectomy, and free fibula flap reconstruction are required. We hypothesized that patients undergoing fibula free flap reconstruction and mandibulectomy for ORN pose unique challenges and experience more complications than patients undergoing fibula free flaps after oncologic mandibulectomy.MethodsAfter IRB approval, we created a database of all free fibula flaps for mandible reconstruction from April 2005 through February 2019. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patient and surgical characteristics and postoperative outcomes.ResultsFour‐hundred seventy‐nine patients met the inclusion criteria (168 ORN vs. 311 non‐ORN patients). Propensity‐matching was performed based on age, BMI, smoking status, preoperative chemotherapy, and virtual surgery planning use, which yielded 159 patients in each group. ORN patients received more double‐skin‐island fibula flaps than non‐OR patients (20.8% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). Recipient artery other than the facial artery was utilized more commonly in ORN patients (42.1% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). In the unmatched cohort, ORN patients had higher rates of delayed wound healing (26.2% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.01) and surgical site infections (21.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.02). Rates of flap loss, return to the operating room, hematoma, operative time, and length of stay were similar between the groups. On logistic regression analysis, osteoradionecrosis was an independent risk factor for delayed wound healing.ConclusionBased on these data, mandibular reconstruction with fibula flaps for osteoradionecrosis appears more complicated than mandible reconstruction following de novo cancer resection. Surgeons should anticipate employing two skin islands for intraoral and extraoral resurfacing, utilizing unconventional recipient vessels, and managing the delayed wound healing that ensues more commonly than non‐ORN patients.
The impact of a compressed workweek on shareholder value: An event study analysis of Belgium's 4‐day workweek legislation
Authors: Dutordoir Marie , Struyfs Kristof 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the compressed workweek (CWW) has gained traction in recent years, its impact on firms' financial performance is not well understood. This study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the effect of the CWW on shareholder value. Drawing on social exchange theory and its norm of reciprocity, we introduce a conceptual model on the main effect of the CWW on shareholder value, and the moderating roles of the anticipated type and degree of employee reciprocation. To test the model's predictions, we exploit the announcement of Belgium's mandatory adoption of a CWW in February 2022 as the setting for a policy event study analysis. We find positive average stock price reactions of Belgian listed firms to the CWW's announcement, consistent with investors expecting the CWW to result in favorable employee reciprocation. Stock price reactions are more positive for firms with a lower ex ante employee productivity, suggesting employees are predicted to reciprocate with higher efforts. Stock price reactions are also more positive for firms with a higher reliance on knowledge workers, consistent with these employees deriving a greater utility from flexible working arrangements. Robustness tests, including a placebo analysis and an event study of international firms with Belgian subsidiaries, corroborate our results. Our study offers several theoretical contributions and has practical implications for HR managers and policymakers.
Viscous dissipative transient MHD nonlinear convective slip flow of second‐order with Newtonian heating on a stretching sheet
Authors: Balamurugan R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study explores the transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with the interaction of quadratic convection, slip of second‐order momentum, viscous dissipation, and Newtonian heating. In this setup, the governing equations become highly nonlinear. The numerical solutions are attained by utilizing an implicit type of the Crank–Nicolson technique. The primary aim of the exploration is to figure out the consequence of MHD nonlinear convection and momentum slip of second‐order on the overall behavior of the system. The robust agreement is evinced by numerical computations verified against existing research. Skin friction and Nusselt number decreases for second‐order slips, , and −16. And for and the temporal coefficients of friction and heat transmission attain a steady state at time t = 29.88. It is significant that nonlinear convection predominates over viscous dissipation and that nonlinear convection is influenced by magnetic fields. The results are described using plots and tables.
Surface engineering of highly ordered Bi2S3 film with open channels toward high‐performance broadband photodetection
Authors: Rong Ping , Gao Shiyong , Li Lin , He Wen , Zhang Mingyi , Ren Shuai , Han Yajie , Jiao Shujie , Chen Qing , Wang Jinzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe highly ordered film assembled by regularly 1D nanostructures has potential prospects in electronic, photoelectronic and other fields because of its excellent light‐trapping effect and electronic transport property. However, the controlled growth of highly ordered film remains a great challenge. Herein, large‐area and highly ordered Bi2S3 film is synthesized on fluorophlogopite mica substrate by chemical vapor deposition method. The Bi2S3 film features hollowed‐out crosslinked network structure, assembled by 1D nanobelts that regularly distribute in three orientations, which agrees well with the first principles calculations. Based on the as‐grown Bi2S3 film, the broadband photodetector with a response range from 365 to 940 nm is fabricated, exhibiting a maximum responsivity up to 98.51 mA W–1, specific detectivity of 2.03 × 1010 Jones and fast response time of 35.19 ms. The stable instantaneous on/off behavior for 500 cycles and reliable photoresponse characteristics of the Bi2S3 photodetector after storage in air for 6 months confirm its excellent long‐term stability and air stability. Significantly, as sensing pixel and signal receiving terminal, the device successfully achieves high‐resolution imaging of characters of “H”, “I” and “T”, and secure transmission of confidential information. This work shows a great potential of the large‐area and highly ordered Bi2S3 film toward the development of future multiple functional photoelectronic applications.image
In spite of patriarchy: Pathways from school to wage work and careers among adolescent girls in Bihar
Authors: Ruthven Orlanda , Sharma Anupam , Mukherjee Bishwajit , Das Shamayita , Gogoi Aparajita , Joshi Madhu , Paul Sohini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of rural Bihar where few women work outside the home, what scope do adolescent girls and young women have to transition into wage work and careers? While the mobility of girls is still widely restricted to secure their marriageability, the spread of higher schooling and the internet has inflated aspirations and levelled them out across boys, girls and social classes.MethodsThe present study drew on 45 focus group discussions and 73 in‐depth interviews among adolescent girls and young women and related stakeholders to develop 32 cases of transitioning girls across four districts of rural Bihar in India. The qualitative data were collected in 2022 and analysed using a combination of thematic and comparative narrative analyses.ResultsThe analysis identified some common features of transitioning girls and their pathways. Many girls had been forced by circumstance—household shocks or chronic poverty—to earn money, thereby building their skills and self‐efficacy. Others were from families where progressive values ensured their mobility and exposure. Yet others transitioned “by stealth.” But all girls had the backing of at least one parent and all had to learn to navigate public space while safeguarding their reputations. By researching actual pathways (rather than distant dreams), the study identifies a variety of transition outcomes, including “good” jobs as teachers, nurses, and police officers, “low entry” jobs in factories and new services, and full‐time businesses built from scratch.ConclusionThe paper suggests that interventions be designed separately for these distinct outcomes and that efforts are best directed towards girls already “self‐transitioning” and demonstrating the requisite resolve and self‐efficacy.
Fetal ductal constriction caused by SSRI: A case report
Authors: Vassileva Zornitsa , Pavlova Elena , Marinov Roumen , Ibryam Ibryam , Radulova Petya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 31‐week fetus was diagnosed with premature ductal constriction due to maternal treatment with sertraline. An emergent Cesarean section was performed at 32 gestational weeks. The baby was born in a severely depressed condition, with supra‐systemic pulmonary hypertension, requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, and milrinone infusion. The patient's condition improved rapidly, allowing weaning from the ventilator and the inodilator therapy. The baby was discharged home at 38 weeks postmenstrual age, in good general condition, without any signs of pulmonary hypertension, requiring no respiratory support. The echo examinations on the first and third months after birth were normal.
Amniotic fluid stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles educate type 2 conventional dendritic cells to rescue autoimmune disorders in a multiple sclerosis mouse model
Authors: Manni Giorgia , Gargaro Marco , Ricciuti Doriana , Fontana Simona , Padiglioni Eleonora , Cipolloni Marco , Mazza Tommaso , Rosati Jessica , di Veroli Alessandra , Mencarelli Giulia , Pieroni Benedetta , Silva Barcelos Estevão Carlos , Scalisi Giulia , Sarnari Francesco , di Michele Alessandro , Pascucci Luisa , de Franco Francesca , Zelante Teresa , Antognelli Cinzia , Cruciani Gabriele , Talesa Vincenzo Nicola , Romani Rita , Fallarino Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are essential orchestrators of immune responses and represent potential targets for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases. Human amniotic fluid secretome is abundant in immunoregulatory factors, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) being a significant component. However, the impact of these EVs on dendritic cells subsets remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the interaction between highly purified dendritic cell subsets and EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cell lines (HAFSC‐EVs). Our results suggest that HAFSC‐EVs are preferentially taken up by conventional dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2) through CD29 receptor‐mediated internalization, resulting in a tolerogenic DC phenotype characterized by reduced expression and production of pro‐inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, treatment of cDC2 cells with HAFSC‐EVs in coculture systems resulted in a higher proportion of T cells expressing the regulatory T cell marker Foxp3 compared to vehicle‐treated control cells. Moreover, transfer of HAFSC‐EV‐treated cDC2s into an EAE mouse model resulted in the suppression of autoimmune responses and clinical improvement. These results suggest that HAFSC‐EVs may serve as a promising tool for reprogramming inflammatory cDC2s towards a tolerogenic phenotype and for controlling autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, representing a potential platform for the study of the effects of EVs in DC subsets.
Effective treatment of relapsed/refractory CD19‐positive B/T‐type mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia with blinatumomab: A case report
Authors: Aoki Masanori , Ishikawa Maho , Sato Tsugumi , Taji Yoshitada , Kayano Hidekazu , Takahashi Naoki , Ebihara Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 26‐year‐old man was diagnosed with B/T‐type mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL‐B/T) based on blasts being positive for CD19, cytoplasmic CD3, and cyCD79a, but negative for myeloperoxidase. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia‐based chemotherapy was started, but the leukemia was refractory. He underwent cord blood transplantation with the conditioning regimen of total body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide and cytarabine with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor priming. Prophylaxis for graft versus host disease was performed with short‐term methotrexate and cyclosporin. The leukemia relapsed in bone marrow 20 months later. At that time, he was treated with inotuzumab ozogamicin because the blasts expressed CD22 (75.4%), but this was ineffective. He was next administered blinatumomab with dexamethasone pretreatment, resulting in a complete remission (CR). He subsequently underwent human leukocyte antigen‐haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. He has still maintained a CR for 12 months. Blinatumomab might be a promising treatment and a bridge to stem cell transplantation even in relapsed/refractory CD19‐expressing MPAL‐B/T.