bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the clinical efficacy of NBUVB and NBUVB with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in progressive macular hypomelanosis
Authors: Sim J.H. , Lee D.J. , Lee J.S. , Kim Y.C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a skin disorder characterized by multiple hypopigmented patches symmetrically distributed on the trunk. Several treatment modalities have been attempted; however, a standard treatment modality has not been agreed to.Objectives  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy combined with narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) with NBUVB monotherapy.Methods  A randomized left–right comparison study was conducted in a total of 10 patients. Patients received NBUVB therapy with daily application of antimicrobial gel on one side of the trunk (comb‐NBUVB) and without it (mono‐NBUVB) for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy was determined by objective measurements using a colour analyser and subjective assessment by evaluating pictures taken with a digital camera at baseline, at the time of treatment cessation and 6 months after treatment.Results  Significant repigmentation was observed in all 10 patients during the 8 weeks of treatment. The mean difference in L values between lesional and non‐lesional skin was reduced in the comb‐NBUVB area (from 4.52 ± 1.65 to 0.94 ± 0.65), and in the mono‐NBUVB area, (from 4.34 ± 1.39 to 1.18 ± 0.94). There was no significant difference between treated sites at both of the evaluation points in time. At 6 months after treatment, 7 of 10 patients completed the clinical trial, and some degree of clinical improvement remained in four of seven patients; recurrence occurred in the other patients.Conclusions  Although recurrence occurred in some patients, NBUVB treatment appears to be a safe and useful modality for the treatment of PMH.
Geriatric teledermatology: store‐and‐forward vs. face‐to‐face examination
Authors: Rubegni P. , Nami N. , Cevenini G. , Poggiali S. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Massone C. , Bilenchi R. , Bartalini M. , Cappelli R. , Fimiani M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Telemedicine could be useful in countries like Italy to meet the needs of elderly patients and in particular in those in precarious general conditions, for whom travelling even short distances can pose considerable practical and economical difficulties.Objective  The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of store‐and‐forward teledermatology vs face‐to‐face consultations in elderly patients.Methods  A total of 130 geriatric patients with skin diseases requiring dermatological examination were enrolled. The patients examined, consisting of 60 men (46.15%) and 70 women (53.85%), were aged between 66 and 97 years (mean age 80.58 years). Three dermatologists of the department, with equal experience took turns in face‐to‐face examination and teledermatology (store‐and‐forward). To compare face‐to‐face dermatological examinations with the asynchronous store‐and‐forward approach of teledermatology, we considered diagnostic agreement (ICD‐9 code), therapeutic agreement and concordance of diagnostic confidence.Results  One hundred and fourteen of 130 patients were diagnosed with the same ICD‐9 code, making a total observed agreement of 87.7% with a Cohen’s κ estimated of 0.863. Agreement between therapies was 69.6% (Cohen’s κ = 0.640). As it concerns diagnostic confidence, dermatologists appeared generally slightly less certain of their diagnosis by telemedicine.Conclusions  Store‐and‐forward teledermatology can improve diagnostic and therapeutic care for skin disease in elderly who lack easy and/or direct access to dermatologists.
Predation risk and competitive interactions affect foraging of an endangered refuge‐dependent herbivore
Authors: Tuft K. D. , Crowther M. S. , Connell K. , Müller S. , McArthur C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPredators can have non‐lethal effects on prey by causing animals to restrict their foraging in order to avoid predation risk. These effects can be of conservation concern when an introduced predator constrains the foraging behaviour of a threatened species, and therefore its access to resources. We examined the spatial response of foraging in endangered brush‐tailed rock‐wallabies to predation risk and food while taking into account the potentially competitive role of sympatric herbivores. We compared the occurrence (presence/absence) of rock‐wallaby faecal pellets to the availability of edible vegetation, presence of sympatric macropods and predation risk factors such as distance from refuge and presence of shelter points. Rock‐wallabies managed predation risk by foraging closer to their refuge and more often at shelter points. They foraged more where edible vegetation was higher, but only in the absence of predators and sympatric macropods, indicating that rock‐wallaby foraging is restricted by their interactions with other species. The constraints on foraging behaviour demonstrated in this study can be used to guide management strategies aimed at conserving rock‐wallaby populations.
Cardiac arrhythmia induced by interferon beta‐1a
Authors: Kastalli Sarrah , El Aïdli Sihem , Mourali Sami , Zaïem Ahmed , Daghfous Riadh , Lakhal Mohamed 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCardiac adverse effects have never been reported with interferon (INF) beta. We report a case of left bundle branch block in a 35‐year‐old woman treated with INF beta‐1a for multiple sclerosis. Five years after INF therapy, she presented loss of consciousness, retrosternal pains, short breath and lowered tolerance of effort. ECG and Holter 24‐h ECG monitoring revealed permanent complete left bundle branch block. Nine months after stopping INF, no abnormalities were found at ECG and echocardiogram examination.
Effect of alprazolam on anxiety and cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in mice
Authors: Anwar Md Jamir , Pillai Krishna K. , Khanam Razia , Akhtar Mohammad , Vohora Divya 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnxiety following heart failure (HF) and/or myocardial infarction (MI) can impede recovery and constitute a major risk factor for further cardiac events. The present study was aimed to evaluate anxiety following doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiomyopathy, a rodent model for HF, in mice. Furthermore, the study investigated the effect of alprazolam on anxiety and cardiomyopathy in this model. The study was carried out in Swiss albino mice. DOX was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. Alprazolam was administered at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg po for 7 days’ pre‐ and 7 days’ post‐DOX. Anxiety was measured on day 8 and on day 14 using elevated plus maze and Vogel’s conflict test. On 14th day, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was estimated. The mice were then killed and hearts were dissected out for estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies. Our results showed that DOX administration induced cardiomyopathy in mice. This was evidenced by an increased serum LDH and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and was confirmed by TEM studies. Alprazolam treatment for 14 days dose dependently reversed DOX‐induced increase in LDH and MDA as well as the morphological alterations induced by DOX in TEM studies. Furthermore, alprazolam also reversed the anxiety‐like effects induced by DOX in both the tests for anxiety. Thus, alprazolam appears to be a good candidate for alleviating anxiety in patients following MI or HF.
Pharmacological characterization of GSK1004723, a novel, long‐acting antagonist at histamine H1and H3receptors
Authors: Slack RJ , Russell LJ , Hall DA , Luttmann MA , Ford AJ , Saunders KA , Hodgson ST , Connor HE , Browning C , Clark KL 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPreclinical pharmacological characterization of GSK1004723, a novel, dual histamine H1and H3receptor antagonist.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHGSK1004723 was characterizedin vitroandin vivousing methods that included radioligand binding, intracellular calcium mobilization, cAMP production, GTPγS binding, superfused human bronchus and guinea pig whole body plethysmography.KEY RESULTSIn cell membranes over‐expressing human recombinant H1and H3receptors, GSK1004723 displayed high affinity, competitive binding (H1pKi = 10.2; H3pKi = 10.6). In addition, GSK1004723 demonstrated slow dissociation from both receptors with at1/2of 1.2 and 1.5 h for H1and H3respectively. GSK1004723 specifically antagonized H1receptor mediated increases in intracellular calcium and H3receptor mediated increases in GTPγS binding. The antagonism exerted was retained after cell washing, consistent with slow dissociation from H1and H3receptors. Duration of action was further evaluated using superfused human bronchus preparations. GSK1004723 (100 nmol·L−1) reversed an established contractile response to histamine. When GSK1004723 was removed from the perfusate, only 20% recovery of the histamine response was observed over 10 h. Moreover, 21 h post‐exposure to GSK1004723 there remained almost complete antagonism of responses to histamine.In vivopharmacology was studied in conscious guinea pigs in which nasal congestion induced by intranasal histamine was measured indirectly (plethysmography). GSK1004723 (0.1 and 1 mg·mL−1intranasal) antagonized the histamine‐induced response with a duration of up to 72 h.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSGSK1004723 is a potent and selective histamine H1and H3receptor antagonist with a long duration of action and represents a potential novel therapy for allergic rhinitis.
Protein kinase C phosphorylates the cAMP response element binding protein in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal
Authors: Martín F , Mora L , Laorden ML , Milanés MV 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEExposure to drugs of abuse or stress results in adaptation in the brain involving changes in gene expression and transcription factors. Morphine withdrawal modulates gene expression through various second‐messenger signal transduction systems. Here, we investigated changes in activation of the transcription factor, cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the kinases that may mediate the morphine withdrawal‐triggered activation of CREB and the response of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis after naloxone‐induced morphine withdrawal.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal, phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) expression in the PVN and HPA axis activity were measured using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay in controls and in morphine‐dependent rats, withdrawn with naloxone and pretreated with vehicle, calphostin C, chelerythrine (inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) or SL‐327 [inhibitor of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) kinase]. In addition, changes in PKCα and PKCγ immunoreactivity were measured after 60 min of withdrawal.KEY RESULTSIn morphine‐withdrawn rats, pCREB immunoreactivity was increased within CRF immunoreactive neurons in the PVN and plasma corticosterone levels were raised. SL‐327, at doses that reduced the augmented pERK levels in the PVN, did not attenuate the rise in pCREB immunoreactivity or plasma corticosterone secretion. In contrast, PKC inhibition reduced the withdrawal‐triggered rise in pCREB, pERK1/2 and corticosterone secretion.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSPKC mediated, in part, both CREB activation and the HPA response to morphine withdrawal. The ERK kinase/ERK pathway might not be necessary for either activation of CREB or HPA axis hyperactivity.
The world of the Renaissance herbal
Authors: Elliott Brent 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA herbal is a treatise on medicinal plants; the intended audience was traditionally one of doctors and apothecaries, and the purpose was to enable them to know which plants to use for medical purposes, and how to identify them in the field. In the 1530s appeared the first herbals for which artists were employed to draw plants from real specimens, rather than simply copying older illustrations – which, as a result of generations of manuscript copying, were not useful for practical identification purposes. Herbals became a genre with a strong market, and all the publishing traditions of plagiarism and competition can be traced during the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. They also became the focus for one aspect of the rediscovery of the classical past: the endeavour to rediscover the works of Pliny and Dioscorides, and the attempt to determine accurately which plants those authors had described – for there was no significant concept of geographical distribution in the early 16th century, until previously unknown plants began to be introduced from the Americas. As the interest in both classical botany and new plants spread, the market for herbals widened, and they began to include information on garden varieties, thus providing a record of European horticultural activity.
River gods: personifying nature in sixteenth‐century Italy
Authors: Lazzaro Claudia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis essay traces the Renaissance appropriation of the ancient river god type from the discovery of several ancient statues and their display in the Vatican Statue Court to the first example of their use in a garden. Through an association with water, the natural element that the figure personified, the river god came to express the Renaissance understanding of nature as fertile and effortlessly bountiful, a male counterpart to female images of abundance. This is demonstrated in both installations of ancient statues and modern recreations in print (The Judgement of Paris, a collaboration of Raphael and Marcantonio Raimondi), paint (Giulio Romano in the Palazzo del Te), and sculpture (Niccolò Tribolo's statues). The Medici Pope Leo X was the first to employ river gods to denote political entities in public festivities, and in the borders of the tapestries that Raphael designed for him, personifications of cities, rivers, and mountains identify geographical regions and anticipate their later use in gardens. Tribolo's lost river gods at the Villa Medici at Castello, reflected in title pages to works by Cosimo Bartoli, translated the river god type into a Florentine aesthetic, influenced by Michelangelo's body torsions, to signify through their form both the specific place and the flourishing of nature there.
Outdoor pursuits: Spanish gardens, the huerto and Lope de Vega's Novelas a Marcia Leonarda
Authors: Samson Alexander 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe imprecision of the early modern lexis for Spanish gardens reflects their liminality and the distinctness of outdoor pursuits shaped by the climate and geography of the Iberian penninsula. Literary evocations of gardens from Lazarillo to Lope de Vega's Novelas a Marcia Leonarda underline this extra‐mural nature, the public pleasures and hidden dangers that awaited beyond the city in shady, watery retreats. In his own garden, Lope cultivated flowers, including the fashionable tulip, an activity that served in his poetry as metaphor and synecdoche for the moral ambivalence of his shaping activities as a writer of fiction, in stories that were an explicit part of his own seductions.
Experiencing the past: the archaeology of some Renaissance gardens
Authors: Dix Brian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnalytical fieldwork and other archaeological investigation of the topography and physical remains of Renaissance gardens increase our understanding of how such places were originally experienced, together with demonstrating technological progress and developments in garden design. The recovery of the actual details of construction, maintenance and alteration gives an immediacy to the evidence depicted in historical maps and other views or described in contemporary written accounts; it may also be used to corroborate the accuracy of such information. Case studies using a multi‐source approach illustrate the nature of surviving archaeological evidence and the scope for its interpretation, showing how an individual setting could be contrived to enhance its qualities, not simply in connection with intellectual meaning, taste, and beauty but equally for social display and to project an image of status and authority. The visibility, form, and function of different garden elements were used both to promote the owner's aspirations and to manipulate the viewer's experience, and investigation and analysis using archaeological methods should be an integral part of future interdisciplinary or collaborative studies.
‘My innocent diversion of gardening’: Mary Somerset's plants
Authors: Munroe Jennifer 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMary Somerset, first Duchess of Beaufort, was respected in her day as a collector and cultivator of plants, both exotic and common, on her estate in Badminton. And yet, when she writes to Sir Robert Southwell  in 1694, she is surprisingly humble about her achievements, calling hers an ‘innocent diversion of gardening’. Manuscript and published papers make it clear, however, that Somerset's work with plants was impressive and influential, hardly an ‘innocent diversion’. This essay demonstrates how Somerset's work with plants blurs the line between ‘gardening’ and the twin fields of horticulture and botany. By revaluing the kind of work Somerset did and the knowledge it embodied, we can reposition her (and potentially, other women like her) as a player in the early fields of botany and horticulture, as a woman who saw herself as contributing to bodies of knowledge in significant and lasting ways.
5‐HT1D Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Sphenopalatine Ganglion: Implications for the Efficacy of Triptans in the Treatment of Autonomic Signs Associated With Cluster Headache
Authors: Ivanusic Jason J. , Kwok Matthew M.K. , Ahn Andrew H. , Jennings Ernest A. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.— To determine if 5‐HT1D receptors are located in the sphenopalatine ganglion.Background.— While the 5‐HT1D receptor has been described in sensory and sympathetic ganglia in the head, it was not known whether they were also located in parasympathetic ganglia.Methods.— We used retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry to examine 5‐HT1D receptor immunoreactivity in rat sphenopalatine ganglion neurons that project to the lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa, cerebral vasculature, and trigeminal ganglion.Results.— We found 5‐HT1D receptor immunoreactivity in nerve terminals around postganglionic cell bodies within the sphenopalatine ganglion. All 5‐HT1D‐immunoreactive terminals were also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide but not vesicular acetylcholine transporter, suggesting that they were sensory and not preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. Our retrograde labeling studies showed that approximately 30% of sphenopalatine ganglion neurons innervating the lacrimal gland, 23% innervating the nasal mucosa, and 39% innervating the trigeminal ganglion were in apparent contact with 5‐HT1D receptor containing nerve terminals.Conclusion.— These data suggest that 5‐HT1D receptors within primary afferent neurons that innervate the sphenopalatine ganglion are in a position to modulate the excitability of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa, as well as the trigeminal ganglion. This has implications for triptan (5‐HT1D receptor agonist) actions on parasympathetic symptoms in cluster headache.
The Role of Neuroimaging in Children and Adolescents With Recurrent Headaches – Multicenter Study
Authors: Rho Young‐Il , Chung Hee‐Jung , Suh Eun‐Sook , Lee Kon‐Hee , Eun Baik‐Lin , Nam Sang‐Ook , Kim Won‐Seop , Eun So‐Hee , Kim Young‐Ok 
Published: February 2011

Objectives.— To evaluate the role of neuroimaging and to estimate the prevalence of significant and treatable intracranial lesions in children and adolescents with recurrent headaches.Background.— Neuroimaging studies are commonly performed in children and adolescent patients with headache because of increasing demands by parents and physicians, although objective data and studies to support this widespread practice are minimal.Methods.— We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all 1562 (male 724, female 838) new patients presenting with recurrent headaches to 9 Pediatric Neurology Clinics of tertiary Hospitals. Data regarding age of onset, duration of symptoms before presentation, frequency, duration of each episode, intensity, location and quality of headache, associated neurologic symptoms and a comprehensive neurological examination were obtained for each patient. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, was used to classify headache types.Results.— Neuroimaging procedures were performed in 77.1% of the patients. Overall, 9.3% (112/1204) of the patients had abnormal findings from neuroimaging. The highest yield was in patients with an abnormal neurological examination wherein abnormal findings on neuroimaging were seen in 50.0% (9/18) of patients (P < .001). The yield was low when imaging was carried out in view of changes in the type of headache (12.9% [26/201]), neurologic dysfunction (10.8% [9/83]), recent onset of severe headaches (7.0% [12/171]), and demands of parent and physicians (10.1% [21/208]). Eleven patients underwent surgery based on neuroimaging results. There was no significant relation between abnormality on neuroimaging and age, sex, headache type, age of onset of headache, duration of symptoms before presentation, duration, frequency, location and intensity of headache (P > .05).Conclusions.— Neuroimaging procedures in children and adolescents with headaches, although not always required, are very commonly performed. We suggest that more strict guidelines for rational use of neuroimaging are needed for pediatric headache patients.