bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma and naturally occurring fungi from elms against Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi
Authors: Díaz G. , Córcoles A. I. , Asencio A. D. , Torres M. P. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe antagonist ability of four fungal endophytes isolated from elms (Trichoderma atroviride GF13, Diaporthe eres GF2, Diplodia ulmi GF5 and Alternaria alternata GF6) and two fungi from a collection (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens) was evaluated against six strains of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi (1, 10, 19, 32, 43 and O‐Va), the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Dual culture tests were established in PDA and MA culture media to test the interactions between pathogenic fungi and potential antagonist ones. The fungi showed varying levels of antagonist capacity against O. novo‐ulmi. Among them, T. atroviride and T. harzianum had the greatest inhibiting effect (around 50%). Culture filtrates and previously inoculated cellophane discs from T. harzianum and T. atroviride also caused growth inhibition of O. novo‐ulmi, with less intensity in strains 10 and 19. The control mechanisms involved in the process were competition, mycoparasitism and the production of soluble and diffusible antifungal metabolites. The new isolate T. atroviride GF13 was efficient as antagonist. It showed antagonist ability against non‐elm‐derived fungi such as Verticillium, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Penicillium. These results suggest interesting application possibilities in the biological control of Dutch elm disease.
First report of Mycosphaerella dearnessii on Pinus nigra var. nigra in Austria
Authors: Hintsteiner M. , Cech T. L. , Halmschlager E. , Stauffer C. , Kirisits T. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMycosphaerella dearnessii, the causal agent of brown‐spot needle blight (BSNB), has been known to occur in Austria since 1996. In 2011, the disease was for the first time confirmed on Austrian pine (Pinus nigra var. nigra) in this country. As previous records are doubtful, this may also be the first definite report of M. dearnessii on P. nigra in entire Europe.
Genetic Structure of Cochliobolus sativus Populations Sampled from Roots and Leaves of Barley and Wheat in North Dakota
Authors: Gyawali Sanjaya , Neate Stephen M. , Adhikari Tika B. , Puri Krishna D. , Burlakoti Rishi R. , Zhong Shaobin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCommon root rot (CRR) and spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechsl. ex Dast., are important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. However, the population biology of C. sativus is still poorly understood. In this study, the genetic structure of three C. sativus populations, consisting of isolates sampled respectively from barley leaves (BL), barley roots (BR) and wheat roots (WR) in North Dakota, was analysed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 127 AFLP loci were generated among 208 C. sativus isolates analysed with three primer combinations. Gene diversity (H = 0.277–0.335) were high in all three populations. Genetic variation among C. sativus individuals within population accounted for 74%, whereas 26% of the genetic variation was explained among populations. Genetic differentiation was high (ØPT = 0.261, corrected = 0.39), whereas gene flow (Nm) ranged from 1.27 to 1.56 among the three populations analysed. The multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) (= 0.076–0.117) was moderate in C sativus populations. Cluster analyses indicate that C. sativus populations differentiated according to the hosts (barley and wheat) and tissues (root and leaf) although generalists also exist in North Dakota. Crop breeding may benefit from combining genes for resistance against both specialists and generalists of C. sativus.
Small‐scale patterns of genetic variation in a headwater specialist mayfly: No influence of selective forest harvesting on diversity
Authors: YOUNG B. A. , SCHMIDT D. J. , SHELDON F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTerrestrial environments allow the adults of some aquatic insects to disperse between headwater streams, which may be important for maintaining population connectivity and persistence. Winged adult stages of aquatic insects are particularly sensitive to degradation of terrestrial habitat, relying on it for food, reproduction and dispersal. In this study we examined the genetic pattern of the Australian mayfly Ulmerophlebia sp. AV2, in north‐eastern New South Wales, and compared the genetic diversity in forested and partially deforested sub‐catchments. Our hypotheses were (i) patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the Leptophlebiidae mayfly Ulmerophlebia sp. AV2 show a pattern of structuring that reflects low or widespread dispersal along the stream network and across catchments; and (ii) genetic diversity will be lower in partially deforested sub‐catchments compared to forested sub‐catchments. We found gene flow was not restricted among headwater streams within sub‐catchments but was restricted at distances >15 km. Genetic diversity was high (mean haplotype diversity >0.85) in both control and harvested sub‐catchments. Instead, a historical signature of population expansion was detected which is consistent with findings for other aquatic insect taxa of eastern Australia. Our results suggest that the selective harvesting management strategy, including the use of riparian buffer zones, within these sub‐catchments does not appear to restrict dispersal between streams or erode diversity within streams for Ulmerophlebia sp. AV2. Selective harvesting therefore appears to have minimal impacts on terrestrial/aquatic links in the life cycle of this insect.
Self‐management education interventions for persons with schizophrenia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zou Haiou , Li Zheng , Nolan Marie T. , Arthur David , Wang Hongxing , Hu Lili 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough self‐management education programs for persons with schizophrenia are being developed and advocated, uncertainty about their overall effectiveness remains. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to examine outcomes of self‐management education interventions in persons with schizophrenia. Six electronic databases were searched. Manual searches were conducted of the reference lists of the identified studies and major psychiatric journals. Randomized controlled trials of self‐management education interventions aimed at reducing relapse and hospital readmissions, as well as improving symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and adherence to medication treatment were identified. Data were extracted and the quality of included studies were rated by two authors independently. Finally, 13 studies with 1404 patients were included. Self‐management education interventions were associated with a significant reduction of relapse events and re‐hospitalizations. Patients who received self‐management education were more likely to improve adherence to medication and symptoms compared to patients receiving other care. However, a benefit on psychosocial functioning was not confirmed in the current meta‐analysis. The study concludes that self‐management education intervention is a feasible and effective method for persons with schizophrenia and should be routinely offered to all persons with schizophrenia.
Qualitative inquiry into motivators for maintaining medication adherence among Taiwanese with schizophrenia
Authors: Chang Ying‐Tzu , Tao Shu‐Gin , Lu Chao‐Lin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMedication non‐adherence is associated with higher rates of relapse in persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatric nurses play a significant role in facilitating their medication adherence. The motivators which strengthen patients with schizophrenia to maintain their adherence to medication have seldom been explored. This study aims to explore what motivates persons with schizophrenia to consistently maintain their medication adherence. A qualitative approach was used to collect data from a psychiatric day‐care centre at an armed forces hospital in Taiwan. Ten clients agreed to undergo an in‐depth interview. The data was analyzed by a content analysis method. Four themes were identified: (i) the benefits of antipsychotic medication treatment; (ii) firm and ongoing family support; and the Chinese values of (iii) filial piety and (iv) hope for the future. These findings may provide psychiatric nurses with a better understanding of the motivators for medication adherence in persons with schizophrenia from the Chinese perspective. Nurses will then be able to adjust their practice to facilitate patients’ medication adherence.
Mental health nurses’ views of recovery within an acute setting
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Horsfall Jan , O'Hara‐Aarons Maureen , Hunt Glenn E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHow the principles of a recovery‐oriented mental health service are incorporated in the day‐to‐day nursing practice of mental health nurses in inpatient settings is unclear. In this study, we interviewed 21 mental health nurses working in acute inpatient mental health units about a range of recovery‐focused topics. Three overlapping themes were identified: (i) the perception of recovery; (ii) congruent humanistic approaches; and (iii) practical realities. Only four interviewees had some formal training about recovery. Most respondents recognize that positive attitudes, person‐centred care, hope, education about mental illness, medication and side‐effects, and the acknowledgement of individual recovery pathways are necessary to prevent readmission, and are central to a better life for people who live with a mental illness. This research supports the view that ideas and practices associated with the recovery movement have been adopted to some degree by nurses working at the acute end of the services continuum. However, most saw the recovery orientation as rhetoric rather than as an appropriately resourced, coordinated, and integrated program. These nurses, however, speak of much more detailed aspects of working with patients and being required to prepare them for the exigencies of living in the community post‐discharge.
Anesthesia for surgery related to craniosynostosis: a review. Part 2
Authors: Hughes Corinna , Thomas Kate , Johnson David , Das Sumit 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe management of children with craniosynostosis is multidisciplinary and has evolved significantly over the past five decades. The treatment is primarily surgical. The anesthetic challenges continue to be the management of massive blood transfusion and prolonged anesthesia in small children, often further complicated by syndrome‐specific issues. This two‐part review aims to provide an overview of the anesthetic considerations for these children. The first part described the syndromes associated with craniosynostosis, the provision of services in the UK, surgical techniques, preoperative issues and induction and maintenance of anesthesia. This second part will explore hemorrhage control, the use of blood products, metabolic disturbance and postoperative issues.
Changes in tissue oxygenation following caudal epidural blockade in infants and children
Authors: Bettesworth Jacob , Bhalla Tarun , Barry N’Diris , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackground:  Adequate tissue oxygenation is required for effective white blood cell function and bactericidal activity. Decreased tissue oxygenation has been shown to be a risk factor for perioperative wound infections. Regional anesthetic techniques result in a functional sympathetic block and may increase tissue oxygenation. The purpose of the current study is to prospectively evaluate changes in tissue oxygenation using a non‐invasive near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device following caudal epidural block in infants and children.Methods:  Following standard anesthetic induction and general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway, the NIRS sensors were placed on two sites. One sensor was placed at a site affected by the caudal block (lower extremity), and the other sensor was placed on the arm, a site unaffected by the caudal block (upper extremity). The NIRS value was recorded at baseline and then again at 15, 30, and 45 min after the block. The caudal block was performed, after anesthetic induction and NIRS sensor placement, using bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine 1 : 200 000 or ropivacaine 0.2% with epinephrine 1 : 200 000 at a dose of 1 ml·kg−1. The inspired oxygen concentration after induction was held constant at 30%, and anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane at 1 MAC. No other pharmacologic agents were administered.Results:  Following the caudal epidural block, there was a statistically significant increase in the tissue oxygenation from the affected site. The NIRS value increased from a baseline of 83 ± 4 to 87 ± 3 at 15 min (P = 0.0001 vs baseline), 88 ± 4 at 30 min (P < 0.0001 vs baseline), and 87 ± 4 at 45 min (P < 0.0001 vs baseline). No change was noted on the unaffected site (upper extremity).Conclusion:  There was a statistically significant increase in tissue oxygenation as measured by NIRS following caudal anesthesia in infants and children. Although the magnitude of the change was less, this study confirms the results of previous studies in adults showing an increase in tissue oxygenation following regional blockade.
Abiotic drivers and plant traits explain landscape‐scale patterns in soil microbial communities
Authors: de Vries Franciska T. , Manning Pete , Tallowin Jerry R. B. , Mortimer Simon R. , Pilgrim Emma S. , Harrison Kathryn A. , Hobbs Phil J. , Quirk Helen , Shipley Bill , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Kattge Jens , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe controls on aboveground community composition and diversity have been extensively studied, but our understanding of the drivers of belowground microbial communities is relatively lacking, despite their importance for ecosystem functioning. In this study, we fitted statistical models to explain landscape‐scale variation in soil microbial community composition using data from 180 sites covering a broad range of grassland types, soil and climatic conditions in England. We found that variation in soil microbial communities was explained by abiotic factors like climate, pH and soil properties. Biotic factors, namely community‐weighted means (CWM) of plant functional traits, also explained variation in soil microbial communities. In particular, more bacterial‐dominated microbial communities were associated with exploitative plant traits versus fungal‐dominated communities with resource‐conservative traits, showing that plant functional traits and soil microbial communities are closely related at the landscape scale.
Domain expertise and the effectiveness of dynamic simulator interfaces in the acquisition of procedural motor skills
Authors: Akinlofa Olurotimi R. , Holt Patrik O'Brian , Elyan Eyad 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrevious research into the effectiveness of dynamic versus static instructional design paradigms has reported divergent findings. Dynamic instructions have been shown to be more effective in teaching novel procedural skills. In contrast, the apparent benefit of dynamic over static instructions has been attributed in other studies to the cognitive capabilities and previous knowledge of the learner. Can the benefit of dynamic instruction persist in learners with domain expertise on learning novel tasks? In this paper, we report the result of an experiment that shows that irrespective of the learner's previous knowledge, dynamic instructions retain a significant effectiveness over statics for teaching intra‐domain novel task performance. Twenty‐four participants with domain expertise were divided into three independent groups to perform a procedural motor task following treatment with different training interfaces. After controlling for spatial abilities and excluding previous specific‐to‐task knowledge, we observe that participants that trained with interfaces containing dynamic content recorded better task performance measures than others using non‐dynamic interfaces. This suggest that within the context of motor skill acquisition, dynamic instructional interfaces can yield significant increases to post‐learning task performance measures, which is independent of the learner's cognitive capabilities or previous knowledge.
Smooth Shape‐Aware Functions with Controlled Extrema
Authors: Jacobson Alec , Weinkauf Tino , Sorkine Olga 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFunctions that optimize Laplacian‐based energies have become popular in geometry processing, e.g. for shape deformation, smoothing, multiscale kernel construction and interpolation. Minimizers of Dirichlet energies, or solutions of Laplace equations, are harmonic functions that enjoy the maximum principle, ensuring no spurious local extrema in the interior of the solved domain occur. However, these functions are only C0 at the constrained points, which often causes smoothness problems. For this reason, many applications optimize higher‐order Laplacian energies such as biharmonic or triharmonic. Their minimizers exhibit increasing orders of continuity but lose the maximum principle and show oscillations. In this work, we identify characteristic artifacts caused by spurious local extrema, and provide a framework for minimizing quadratic energies on manifolds while constraining the solution to obey the maximum principle in the solved region. Our framework allows the user to specify locations and values of desired local maxima and minima, while preventing any other local extrema. We demonstrate our method on the smoothness energies corresponding to popular polyharmonic functions and show its usefulness for fast handle‐based shape deformation, controllable color diffusion, and topologically‐constrained data smoothing.
Nonrigid Matching of Undersampled Shapes via Medial Diffusion
Authors: Berger Matthew , Silva Claudio T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe introduce medial diffusion for the matching of undersampled shapes undergoing a nonrigid deformation. We construct a diffusion process with respect to the medial axis of a shape, and use the quantity of heat diffusion as a measure which is both tolerant of missing data and approximately invariant to nonrigid deformations. A notable aspect of our approach is that we do not define the diffusion on the shape's medial axis, or similar medial representation. Instead, we construct the diffusion process directly on the shape. This permits the diffusion process to better capture surface features, such as varying spherical and cylindrical parts, as well as combine with other surface‐based diffusion processes. We show how to use medial diffusion to detect intrinsic symmetries, and for computing correspondences between pairs of shapes, wherein shapes contain substantial missing data.
Finding Surface Correspondences Using Symmetry Axis Curves
Authors: Liu Tianqiang , Kim Vladimir G. , Funkhouser Thomas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an automatic algorithm for finding a correspondence map between two 3D surfaces. The key insight is that global reflective symmetry axes are stable, recognizable, semantic features of most real‐world surfaces. Thus, it is possible to find a useful map between two surfaces by first extracting symmetry axis curves, aligning the extracted curves, and then extrapolating correspondences found on the curves to both surfaces. The main advantages of this approach are efficiency and robustness: the difficult problem of finding a surface map is reduced to three significantly easier problems: symmetry detection, curve alignment, and correspondence extrapolation, each of which has a robust, polynomial‐time solution (e.g., optimal alignment of 1D curves is possible with dynamic programming). We investigate of this approach on a wide range of examples, including both intrinsically symmetric surfaces and polygon soups, and find that it is superior to previous methods in cases where two surfaces have different overall shapes but similar reflective symmetry axes, a common case in computer graphics.
Soft Maps Between Surfaces
Authors: Solomon Justin , Nguyen Andy , Butscher Adrian , Ben‐Chen Mirela , Guibas Leonidas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe problem of mapping between two non‐isometric surfaces admits ambiguities on both local and global scales. For instance, symmetries can make it possible for multiple maps to be equally acceptable, and stretching, slippage, and compression introduce difficulties deciding exactly where each point should go. Since most algorithms for point‐to‐point or even sparse mapping struggle to resolve these ambiguities, in this paper we introduce soft maps, a probabilistic relaxation of point‐to‐point correspondence that explicitly incorporates ambiguities in the mapping process. In addition to explaining a continuous theory of soft maps, we show how they can be represented using probability matrices and computed for given pairs of surfaces through a convex optimization explicitly trading off between continuity, conformity to geometric descriptors, and spread. Given that our correspondences are encoded in matrix form, we also illustrate how low‐rank approximation and other linear algebraic tools can be used to analyze, simplify, and represent both individual and collections of soft maps.
New Bounds on the Size of Optimal Meshes
Authors: Sheehy Donald R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe theory of optimal size meshes gives a method for analyzing the output size (number of simplices) of a Delaunay refinement mesh in terms of the integral of a sizing function over the input domain. The input points define a maximal such sizing function called the feature size. This paper presents a way to bound the feature size integral in terms of an easy to compute property of a suitable ordering of the point set. The key idea is to consider the pacing of an ordered point set, a measure of the rate of change in the feature size as points are added one at a time. In previous work, Miller et al. showed that if an ordered point set has pacing ϕ, then the number of vertices in an optimal mesh will be O(ϕdn), where d is the input dimension. We give a new analysis of this integral showing that the output size is only θ(n+nlogϕ). The new analysis tightens bounds from several previous results and provides matching lower bounds. Moreover, it precisely characterizes inputs that yield outputs of size O(n).
From A Medial Surface To A Mesh
Authors: Delamé T. , Roudet C. , Faudot D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMedial surfaces are well‐known and interesting surface skeletons. As such, they can describe the topology and the geometry of a 3D closed object. The link between an object and its medial surface is also intuitively understood by people. We want to exploit such skeletons to use them in applications like shape creation and shape deformation. For this purpose, we need to define medial surfaces as Shape Representation Models (SRMs). One of the very first task of a SRM is to offer a visualization of the shape it describes. However, achieving this with a medial surface remains a challenging problem.In this paper, we propose a method to build a mesh that approximates an object only described by a medial surface. To do so, we use a volumetric approach based on the construction of an octree. Then, we mesh the boundary of that octree to get a coarse approximation of the object. Finally, we refine this mesh using an original migration algorithm. Quantitative and qualitative studies, on objects coming from digital modeling and laser scans, shows the efficiency of our method in providing high quality surfaces with a reasonable computational complexity.