bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Population-Based Interventions Would Motivate Smokers to Think Seriously about Stopping Smoking?
Authors: Giardina Todd D. , Hyland Andrew , Bauer Ursula E. , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: November 2011

Objective. To describe what smokers say about the impact of different population-based interventions to motivate them to think seriously about stopping smoking. Methods. A random-digit dialed cross-sectional telephone survey of adult current cigarette smokers was conducted in Erie and Niagara counties, New York, in October through November 2002. A total of 815 smokers were asked which of eight interventions would motivate them to think seriously about stopping smoking in the next 6 months. Results. The offer of free nicotine patches/gum (53%) and cash incentives (49%) were the most frequently mentioned interventions that smokers said would get them to think seriously about stopping smoking. The degree of motivation to stop smoking was the most consistent and strongest predictor of how respondents answered the question about the influence of the various intervention options. Conclusion. Communities need to offer a wide array of interventions that are likely to appeal to different subgroups of smokers in order to have a population-wide impact on smoking behavior.
Evaluation of Two Methods in Controlling Dental Treatment Water Contamination
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Bansal Ritu , Harris Robert , Reddy Anil 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Dental unit water systems are contaminated with biofilms that amplify bacterial counts in dental treatment water in excess of a million colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association have agreed that the maximum allowable contamination of dental treatment water not exceed 500 cfu/ml. This study was conducted to evaluate two protocols in controlling contamination of dental unit water systems and dental treatment water. Both methods used an antimicrobial self-dissolving chlorine dioxide (ClO2) tablet at a high concentration (50 ppm) to shock the dental unit water system biofilms initially followed by periodic exposure. To treat dental treatment source water for patient care, 3 parts per million (ppm) ClO2 in municipal/tap water was compared to use of a citrus botanical extract dissolved in municipal water. Heterotrophic microbial counts of effluent water and laser scanning confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate effects of the two treatments. Results from this study indicated that both treatments were effective in controlling biofilm contamination and reducing heterotrophic plate counts <500 cfu/ml. A comprehensive study addressing compatibility of 50 ppm ClO2 on the metals and nonmetal components of the dental water system and effects of low-grade chemicals used on composite bonding to dentin and enamel is warranted before translation from efficacy studies to common clinical use.

Clinical significance
This study provides evidence-based information of using two methods of controlling dental treatment water contamination. The study was conducted in a clinical practice setting in an active dental clinic and the results are meaningful to a clinician who is interested in providing safe dental treatment water for patient care.

How to cite this article
Bansal R, Puttaiah R, Harris R, Reddy A. Evaluation of Two Methods in Controlling Dental Treatment Water Contamination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):73-83.
Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study
Authors: Parekh Vaishali , Taluja Chirag 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Background
Accurate assessment of working length determines the success and prognosis of an endodontic treatment outcome. Various methods are used in determining the working length.

Aim
Compare the measurements of the apex locator and radiographic technique to determine working length.

Methods
An ex vivo study was conducted on 20 patients having intact single straight root canal. Only premolars were taken in the study. After doing coronal flaring and irrigation, the radiographic length was determined with an aid of a k-type file and electronic length (EL-Root-ZX) 3rd generation apex locator. After extraction of all the premolars, stereomicroscope was further used to confirm and compare radiographic and electronic apex locator.

Results
A mean value of 0.5430 ± 0.5741 mm was observed among radiographic techniques. A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm was observed among apex locator techniques. Ttest revealed, no significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). ‘Two tailed’ t-test revealed intragroup significance both techniques for determining the working length.

Conclusion
The distance of the apical foramen to the tip of the file: A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm with apex locator technique was observed. Working length of apex locator was more in comparison to radiographic technique. No significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). Intragroup significance among both techniques for determining the working length was also observed. However, a further study incorporating a larger sample size and utilization of both techniques of working length determination on the same tooth has to be conducted.

Clinical significance
Combining the apex locator technique and radiographic technique for determination of working length would yield more accurate working length.

How to cite this article
Parekh V, Taluja C. Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):131-134.
Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture
Authors: Zavanelli Adriana Cristina , Zavanelli Recardo Alexandre , de Aquino Souza José Everaldo , da Silva Nelson Renato França Alves , Coelho Paulo Guilherme , Ferracioli Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
There is little information considering the framework association between cast clasps and attachments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention strength of frameworks match circumferential clasps and extra resilient attachment cast in three different alloys (cobalt-chromium, nickel-chromium titanium and commercially pure titanium), using two undercut (0.25 and 0.75 mm) and considering different period of time (0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years).

Methods
Using two metallic matrices, representing a partially edentulous mandibular right hemiarch with the first molar crown, canine root and without premolars, 60 frameworks were fabricated. Three groups (n = 20) of each metal were cast and each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10), corresponding the molar undercut of 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm. The nylon male was positioned at the matrix and attached to the acrylic resin of the prosthetic base. The samples were subjected to an insertion and removal test under artificial saliva environment.

Results
The data were analyzed and compared with ANOVAs and Tukey's test at 95% of probability. The groups cast in cobaltchromium and nickel-chromium-titanium had the highest mean retention strength (5.58 N and 6.36 N respectively) without significant difference between them, but statistically different from the group cast in commercially pure titanium, which had the lowest mean retention strength in all the periods (3.46 N). The association frameworks using nickel-chromium- titanium and cobalt-chromium could be used with 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm of undercut, but the titanium samples seems to decrease the retention strength, mainly in the 0.75 mm undercut. The circumferential clasps cast in commercially pure titanium used in 0.75 mm undercuts have a potential risk of fractures, especially after the 2nd year of use.

Conclusion
This in vitro study showed that the framework association between cast clasp and an extra resilient attachment are suitable to the three metals evaluated, but strongly suggest extra care with commercially pure titanium in undercut of 0.75 mm.

Clinical significance
Frameworks fabricated in Cp Ti tend to decrease in retentive strength over time and have a potential risk of fracture in less than 0.75 mm of undercut.

How to cite this article
Souza JEdA, da Silva NRFA, Coelho PG, Zavanelli AC, Ferracioli RCSR, Zavanelli RA. Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):179-186.
Relationship between Impacts of Complete Denture Treatment on Daily Living, Satisfaction and Personality Profiles
Authors: Hantash Raed O Abu , AL-Omiri Mahmoud K , Yunis Mohammad Abu , Lynch Edward 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the association between satisfaction with conventional complete denture prostheses (CDs), impacts of CDs on daily living and personality profiles.Materials and methodsFifty-six patients (28 males and 28 females; mean age 53.79 ± 7.762 years) with fitted upper and lower removable CDs were recruited for this study. Clinical success of CDs was assessed according to specific clinical criteria. The dental impact on daily living questionnaire (DIDL) was used to measure satisfaction with CDs and their impacts on daily living. NEO five factor inventory (NEO - FFI) was used to measure patients’ personality profiles. Pearson correlation test and regression models were used to analyze the collected data.ResultsFemales were more satisfied with appearance and less satisfied with eating and scored higher on neuroticism, and lower on extraversion and openness personality domains (p < 0.05). Older patients were more satisfied with appearance and less satisfied with oral comfort and general performance (p < 0.05). Neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness personality profiles could predict and had significant relationship with CDs impacts on daily living and satisfaction with CDs.ConclusionPsychological profiles (e.g. neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness) might play a role and explain CDs impacts on daily living and patients’ satisfaction with their oral status and CD treatment, therefore, might be used to predict satisfactory outcomes of CD treatment. In this regard, technical aspects of CDs are less essential when the prosthesis is clinically successful.Clinical significancePsychological factors may play a role and also provide valuable information for the prediction of satisfactory outcomes of complete denture treatment.How to cite this articleHantash ROA, AL-Omiri MK, Yunis MA, Dar-Odeh N, Lynch E. Relationship between Impacts of Complete Denture Treatment on Daily Living, Satisfaction and Personality Profiles. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):200-207.
Caloric Effects in Ferroic Materials: New Concepts for Cooling
Authors: Fähler Sebastian , Rößler Ulrich K. , Kastner Oliver , Eckert Jürgen , Eggeler Gunther , Emmerich Heike , Entel Peter , Müller Stefan , Quandt Eckhard , Albe Karsten 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRefrigeration is one of the main sinks of the German and European electricity consumption and accordingly contributes to worldwide CO2 emissions. High reduction potentials are envisaged if caloric effects in solid materials are used. The recent discovery of giant entropy changes associated with ferroelastic phase transformations promises higher efficiency. Ferroic transitions enhance the entropy change of magneto‐, elasto‐, baro‐, and electro‐caloric effects. Furthermore, because the refrigerant is in a solid state, this technology completely eliminates the need for halofluorocarbon refrigerants having a high global‐warming potential. The smaller footprint for operation and the scalable mechanism open up further applications such as cooling of microsystems. While the principal feasibility of magnetocaloric refrigeration is already evident, it requires large magnetic fields (>2 T) which hampers wide industrial and commercial application. It is expected that this obstacle can be overcome by materials with lower hysteresis and by using stress‐ or electric fields. In order to accelerate research on ferroic cooling, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) decided to establish the priority program SPP 1599 in April 2011. In this article we will address the major challenges for introducing ferroic materials in practical cooling applications: energy efficiency, effect size, and fatigue behavior. Solid state cooling in this sense can be based on the following “ferroic‐caloric” classes of materials: ferroelastic shape memory alloys, ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, and ferroelectric materials and their possible combinations in materials with “multicaloric” effects. The open questions require the interdisciplinary collaboration of material scientists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians.
Influence of Die Lubricants on Pickling and Conversion Treatment of High‐Pressure Die‐Cast AM30 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Blawert Carsten , da Conceicao Thiago Ferreira , Kainer Karl Ulrich , Izquierdo Patrick , Klose Stephan G. , Höche Daniel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe pre‐treatment of magnesium‐based components plays an important role in surface engineering technology to guarantee good adhesion of the final coating system to the magnesium substrate in order to achieve good corrosion resistance. This paper focuses on the influence of two different die lubricants—one based on mineral oil, the other on siloxane—on the pickling and conversion treatment of an AM30 alloy. The surface conditions after casting, pickling, and conversion treatment were determined by X‐ray‐induced photoelectron spectroscopy, spark erosion, optical emission spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (including EDX). The influence of the different die lubricants on the result of the pickling treatment in terms of surface morphology and composition was significant. The mineral–oil‐based lubricant was found to be removed more easily and uniformly from the surface. Only sufficient removal of the die lubricants can guarantee homogeneous and uniform formation of the conversion coating.
Characterization of nonwoven poly(ethylene terephtalate) devices functionalized with cationic polymer
Authors: Ran Jianhua , Bénistant Gwladys , Campagne Christine , Périchaud Alain , Chai Feng , Blanchemain Nicolas , Perwuelz Anne 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA cationic functionalization was carried out on poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) nonwovens by the method of padding with a solution of polymer (P1 and Px). An atmospheric pressure plasma treatment was prior used to improve the hydrophilic property of the nonwoven surface before the functionalization with cationic agents. The zeta potential measurements of the nonwovens, based on streaming potential, show the presence of cationic groups at the PET surface depending on the pH value. The analysis of washing water showed that the PET nonwoven functionalized with cationic polymer Px needed more washing cycles than with polymer P1, to remove all the species non fixed at the surface. The cytotoxicity tests show that both of ammonium polymers are toxic toward endothelial cells. This means that it leaves many active chemicals on the surface of the functionalized materials, even after washing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The influence of processing parameters on the structural and mechanical properties of drawn polypropylene fibres: A factorial design approach
Authors: Yang Ruodan , Mather Robert R. , Fotheringham Alex F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article reports a study of multi‐stage polypropylene fiber drawing (stretching) as a continuous, but independent stage of the overall fiber‐forming process. The fibers were drawn according to a factorial experimental design, once appropriate spinning conditions had been devised. The structures of the drawn fibers were studied using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. In addition, the fibers were characterized with respect to filament tenacity, elongation to break, specific secant modulus, and extent of shrinkage at 130°C. All these properties were quantitatively assessed as responses to nine specially selected process control parameters in the drawing equipment. For every property analyzed, the temperatures of the hot plates in the draw frame were found to exert no significant influence, whereas the temperatures of the initial rollers were in most cases significant. Furthermore, the speed of the final roller also played an influential role, and a number of interactions between process parameters were identified as significant. Explanations are advanced for the parts played by significant process parameters on the properties of the drawn fibers. The article also demonstrates the advantages of factorial experimental design in determining correct settings for process parameters to give drawn fibers with the properties desired. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The electrochemical synthesis of poly(methylcarbyne) for diamond film coatings
Authors: Nur Yusuf , Duygulu Şebnem , Pitcher Michael W. , Toppare Levent 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe polycarbynes are polymeric precursors that can be used in the synthesis of both diamond films and powders. They are soluble in common organic solvents; therefore, they can be coated on any surface in various thicknesses and then converted to diamond via sintering. Polycarbynes can be synthesized in a simple undivided electrochemical cell so their synthesis are both cheap and easy. Here, we report the electrochemical synthesis of poly(methylcarbyne). The poly(methylcarbyne) was characterized using UV/visible spectroscopy, Gel Permeation Chromatography and ATR FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies. The polymer was converted to diamond via sintering and characterized by Optical microscopy and Raman and X‐ray spectroscopies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Removal of chromium, copper, and nickel ions using bidentate polymeric ligand derived from 4‐aminophenol and salicylaldehyde
Authors: Kandasamy P. , Sasidaran M. , Janaki N. , Kaliyappan T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe monomer 5‐(4‐acryloyloxyphenylazo)salicylaldehyde [5,4‐APASAL] was prepared and polymerized in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70°C using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator. Poly5‐(4‐acryloyloxyphenylazo) salicylaldehyde [poly(5,4‐APASAL)] was characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic technique. The molecular weight of the polymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography method. Cu(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) complexes of poly(5,4‐APASAL) were prepared. Elemental analysis of polychelates suggests that the metal to ligand ratio is about 1 : 2. The polymer metal complexes were also characterized by XRD, magnetic moment, and thermal analysis. The effect of pH and electrolyte concentration in the metal uptake behavior of the polymer was also studied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Evaluation of fade‐recovery performance of hybrid friction composites based on ternary combination of ceramic‐fibers, ceramic‐whiskers, and aramid‐fibers
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Satapathy Bhabani K. , Patnaik Amar , Kolluri Dilip K. , Tomar Bharat S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHybrid composite friction material based on ternary combination of potassium titanate whiskers, alumino‐silicate ceramic fibers, and aramid fibers were fabricated and evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and tribo‐performance. The frictional response, friction‐fade, friction‐recovery, and wear properties have been characterized on a Krauss friction tester following ECE R‐90 regulation. Optimally, the composite with hybrid reinforcement incorporations in the form of ceramic‐whiskers, ceramic‐fiber, and aramid‐fiber in the ratio of 13.75 : 13.75 : 2.5 has potentially been explored as a functionally feasible friction‐material for braking applications. The interdependence of fade, recovery, disc temperature rise, and wear characteristics is established via thematic correlation diagram. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Microporous membrane with temperature‐sensitive breathability based on PU/PNIPAAm semi‐IPN
Authors: Haining Lv , Yuan Xue , Zaisheng Cai , Jie Sun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPPAm) was synthesized and fabricated into microporous membranes with temperature‐sensitive breathability. The chemical and physical structure of the semi‐IPN was investigated by FTIR and thermo analysis including DSC and DMA. The results proved that the glass transition temperature of TPU and the LCST of PNIPAAm were shifted in the semi‐IPN, revealing the formation of interchain interactions among the molecular chains of TPU and PNIPAAm. The swelling measurements revealed that the semi‐IPN shows volume phase transition behaviors. The semi‐IPN was therefore fabricated into microporous membranes and its volume phase transition property was employed to endow the membrane with temperature‐sensitive breathability. The water vapor permeability of the membranes was measured and found to be significantly dependent on the temperature, which was enhanced remarkably when the temperature went up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of cationic functional polymer latexes and measurement of involatile monomer conversion
Authors: Yang Yanan , Zhang Libin , Zhu Xiaoli , Kong Xiangzheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of poly(styrene‐co‐methacryloxyethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide), P(St‐DMHB), cationic particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization using 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride as the initiator with different levels of DMHB as the cationic functional comonomer. ζ potential, particle size, and size distribution of the particles were determined. Large discrepancy was observed between the particle size from dynamic light scattering and that from transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that particle size and ζ potentials were closely dependant on DMHB level used. A flocculation process for the cationic latex was established, and a method to estimate DMHB conversion was proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 3‐Aryl‐5‐aryl(hetaryl)‐2‐pyrazolines and Study of Their Antitumor Activity
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Chamizo Leidy , Muñoz Jhon , Tigreros Alexis , Quiroga Jairo , Abonía Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThree series of novel 1,3,5‐trisubstituted 2‐pyrazoline derivatives containing thiophene and benzodioxol moieties as potential antitumor agents were synthesized. The in vitro antitumor activity of the obtained compounds was determined at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The 5‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamide (9a) is the most prominent of the compounds due to its remarkable activity toward leukemia (RPMI‐8226), renal cancer (UO‐31) and prostate cancer (DU‐145) cell lines with GI50 values of 1.88, 1.91 and 1.94 µM, respectively.