bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of a Novel Surface Phase Transition: The Knight‐Move Phase
Authors: Andrews Alison , Novenstern Matthew , Roelofs Lyle D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe knight move or ${\left( {\sqrt 5 \times \sqrt 5 } \right)R27^ \circ }$ phase occurs on some surfaces relevant for growth of high‐Tc superconducting films and other technologically significant surfaces. The nature of the disordering transition of this phase has not been determined. We demonstrate via simulation that this disordering transition is first‐order (discontinuous), a result with important implications for preparation of the surfaces in question.
A Complex of 2‐Hydroxyisocaproyl‐Coenzyme A Dehydratase and its Activator from Clostridium difficile Stabilized by Aluminium Tetrafluoride‐Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Kim Jihoe , Pierik Antonio J. , Buckel Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe dehydration of 2‐hydroxyisocaproyl‐CoA to isocaprenoyl‐CoA is the chemically most demanding step in the reduction of leucine to isocaproate by Clostridium difficile, because the β‐hydrogen of the substrate is not acidic (pKa ca. 40). A two‐component system, composed of a homodimeric activator and an heterodimeric dehydratase, catalyses this unusual α,β‐elimination of water. The reduced activator transfers an electron from its [4Fe‐4S]+ cluster to that of the dehydratase in an ATP‐dependent manner, similar to the iron protein of nitrogenase. Here we show that AlF4− × ADP traps the interaction of the activator with the dehydratase by forming a stable complex containing 1.0 mol homodimeric activator, 1.0 mol heterodimeric dehydratase and 1.2 mol ADP. The complex (148 kDa) was isolated by size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography using the Strep‐tag at the activator, or most conveniently by ultrafiltration (100 kDa cut off membrane). Kinetic and EPR‐spectroscopic experiments revealed that the complex formation proceeds much slower than the activation but in an almost irreversible manner. The isolated complex is devoid of any activity, because the dehydratase is in the oxidized form whereas the activator remains in the reduced state due to the presence of dithionite.
A systematic analysis of the N‐person chicken game
Authors: Szilagyi Miklos N. , Somogyi Iren 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report computer simulation experiments based on our agent‐based simulation tool to model the multiperson Chicken dilemma game for the case when the agents are greedy simpletons who imitate the action of that of their neighbors who received the highest payoff for its previous action. The individual agents may cooperate with each other for the collective interest or may defect, i.e., pursue their selfish interests only. After a certain number of iterations the proportion of cooperators stabilizes to either a constant value or oscillates around such a value. The payoff (reward/penalty) functions are given as two straight lines: one for the cooperators and another for the defectors. The payoff curves are functions of the ratio of cooperators to the total number of agents. Even for linear payoff functions, we have four free parameters that determine the payoff functions that have the following properties: (1) Both payoff functions increase with the increasing number of cooperators. (2) In the region of low cooperation the cooperators have a higher reward than the defectors. (3) When the cooperation rate is high, there is a higher payoff for defecting behavior than for cooperating behavior. (4) As a consequence, the slope of the D function is greater than that of the C function and the two payoff functions intersect. (5) All agents receive a lower payoff if all defect than if all cooperate. We have investigated the behavior of the agents systematically. The results show that the solutions have predictable tendencies but they are nontrivial and quite irregular. The solutions show drastic changes in the parameter ranges 0.6 ≤ R ≤ 0.65 for all values of S and 0 ≤ S ≤ 0.2 when R < 0.6 (R is the reward for mutual cooperation and S is the sucker's payoff to a lonely cooperator). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Opinion‐structure changes in non‐equilibrium model of social impact
Authors: Janutka Andrzej , Magnuszewski Piotr 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe study relaxational dynamics of social systems within a kinetic binary‐choice (Ising‐like) model. On the basis of the assumptions of the deterministic social‐impact model in discrete time introduced by Nowak et al. (Psychol Rev 1990, 97, 362), we construct a probabilistic, continuous‐time description. Although there are no stationary (equilibrium) solutions of the model in general, the presence of strong leaders maintaining their opinions for a long‐time and strongly influencing other individuals leads to quasi‐stable (steady‐state) solutions. Analyzing closed individual chains, we discuss changes of the individual‐opinion structure while varying a global parameter of the model. Such a kind of a “critical” behaviour is possible although there is no true phase equilibrium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
How to make dull cellular automata complex by adding memory: Rule 126 case study
Authors: Martínez Genaro J. , Adamatzky Andrew , Seck‐Tuoh‐Mora Juan C. , Alonso‐Sanz Ramon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing Rule 126 elementary cellular automaton (ECA), we demonstrate that a chaotic discrete system — when enriched with memory — hence exhibits complex dynamics where such space exploits on an ample universe of periodic patterns induced from original information of the ahistorical system. First, we analyze classic ECA Rule 126 to identify basic characteristics with mean field theory, basins, and de Bruijn diagrams. To derive this complex dynamics, we use a kind of memory on Rule 126; from here interactions between gliders are studied for detecting stationary patterns, glider guns, and simulating specific simple computable functions produced by glider collisions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Usefulness of a trauma‐focused treatment approach for travel phobia
Authors: de Jongh Ad , Holmshaw Manda , Carswell Wilson , van Wijk Arjen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDespite its prevalence and potential impact on functioning, there are surprisingly little data regarding the treatment responsiveness of travel phobia. The purpose of this non‐randomized study was to evaluate the usefulness of a trauma‐focused treatment approach for travel phobia, or milder travel anxiety arising as a result of a road traffic accident. Trauma‐focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF‐CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing were used to treat a sample of 184 patients, who were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider. Patients in both treatment groups were encouraged to encounter their feared objects and situations between sessions. Specific (i.e., travel) phobia was diagnosed in 57% of cases. Patients in both treatment conditions showed equally large, and clinically significant, decreases in symptoms as indexed by three validated measures (Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and General Health Questionnaire), therapist ratings of treatment outcome, and a return to driving or travelling by car or motorbike. These improvements were obtained within an average course of 7.3 sessions of 1 hour each. Patients with travel phobia responded with a greater reduction of anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms than those with milder travel anxiety. Passengers reported higher levels of trauma symptoms than drivers, but no difference in effectiveness of treatment was found between these groups. The results suggest that trauma‐focused psychological interventions can be a treatment alternative for patients with travel anxiety. Given the seriousness of the clinical problems related to road traffic accidents more rigorous outcome research is warranted and needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• As the literature on the treatment of travel phobia is largely limited to small‐n studies, this is the largest naturalistic outcome study of the treatment of patients with fear and avoidance of travel, subsequent to a traumatic event, to date.• Travel phobia following road traffic accidents should be regarded as a treatable psychological condition requiring a limited number of sessions. In a significant minority of cases the condition is unlikely to remit spontaneously, potentially disrupting occupational, social and personal adjustment.• Besides a purely exposure, in vivo‐based approach, a mainly trauma‐focused approach, such as imagery exposure or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, can be an effective intervention for both travel phobia and milder forms of travel anxiety, and for both drivers and passengers.
Podoplanin is a useful marker for identifying mesothelioma in malignant effusions
Authors: Hanna Atef , Pang Yijun , Bedrossian Carlos W. M. , Dejmek Annika , Michael Claire W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in serosal effusions continues to be a major challenge because some of its cytomorphological features closely resemble adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the differentiation of epithelioid mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinomas. However, no single antibody has demonstrated absolute sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we evaluated the value of immunostaining pattern for podoplanin to differentiate mesothelioma from adenocarcinomas of various origins.Cell blocks from previously collected paraffin‐embedded cell blocks of 86 effusions (18 mesothelioma, 35 reactive mesothelium, 9 breast adenocarcinoma, 14 ovarian adenocarcinoma, and 10 lung adenocarcinoma) were retrieved from the file of the Department of Pathology at University of Michigan and Lund University in Sweden and were used for the study. Slides prepared from the cell blocks were stained for podoplanin. The percentage of immunostained cells was recorded as follows: 1+ (5–25%), 2+ (26–50%), and 3+ (>50%). A stain result involving <5% of cells was considered negative. The intensity of positive results was evaluated as strong, moderate, or weak.Podoplanin is expressed in 94% of malignant mesothelioma cases (17/18), 97% (30/31) of cases of reactive mesothelial, 0% of lung adenocarcinoma cases (0/9), 0% of breast adenocarcinoma (0/9), and 7% of ovarian adenocarcinoma (1/14). All positive cases of malignant mesothelioma and reactive mesothelium showed strong membranous reactivity to podoplanin. The one positive case of ovarian adenocarcinoma showed a weak membranous podoplanin immunostaining.On the basis of our results and published data, we believe that membranous podoplanin immunoreactivity, in conjunction with calretinin, would be more specific than CK5/6 and WT‐1 in differentiating epithelioid malignant mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma of the lung, breast, and ovary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of propranolol HCl based on oxidation bromination reactions
Authors: El‐Didamony Akram M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThree new, simple, sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) have been developed for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) in bulk drug and dosage forms. These methods are based on oxidation‐bromination reaction of PRO by bromine, generated in situ by the action of acid on a bromate‐bromide mixture, followed by determination of unreacted bromine by three different reaction schemes. In method A, the determination of the residual bromine is based on its ability to bleach the indigo carmine dye and by measuring the absorbance at 610 nm. The residual bromine (in method B), is treated with excess of iron(II) and the resulting iron(III) is complexed with thiocyanate and the absorbance is measured at 480 nm. Method C involves treating the unreacted bromine with a measured excess of iron(II) and the remaining iron(II) is complexed with 1,10‐phenanthroline and the increase in absorbance is measured at 510 nm. In all three methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the drug content. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the colour are carefully studied and optimized. Beer's Law is valid within a concentration range of 1–13, 4–12 and 2–9 µg ml−1 for methods A, B, and C, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits are calculated. Common excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere in the proposed methods. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determination of PRO in pharmaceutical preparations and the results were statistically compared with those of the official method by applying the Student's t‐test and F‐test. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved validated ultra high pressure liquid chromatography method for separation of tacrolimus impurities and its tautomers
Authors: Subasranjan Acharya , C Srinivasulu , Hemant Raoutray 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA selective, specific and sensitive ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed for determination of tacrolimus degradation products and tautomers in the preparation of pharmaceuticals. The chromatographic separation was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and BEH C8 column using gradient elution of mobile phase A (90:10 v/v of 0.1% v/v triflouroacetic acid solution and Acetonitrile) and mobile phase B (90:10 v/v acetonitrile and water) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min−1. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 210 nm. Tacrolimus, tautomers and impurities were chromatographed with a total run time of 25 min. Calibration showed that the response of impurity was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.3–6 µg mL−1 (r2 ≥ 0.999) and the method was validated over this range for precision, intermediate precision, accuracy, linearity and specificity. For precision study, percentage relative standard deviation of each impurity was < 15% (n = 6). The method was found to be precise, accurate, linear and specific. The proposed method was successfully employed for estimation of tacrolimus impurities in pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of some chemometric methods in conventional and derivative spectrophotometric analysis of acetaminophen and ascorbic acid
Authors: Khajehsharifi H. , Eskandari Z. , Asadipour A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe multivariate methods, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) were tested as a calibration procedure for simultaneous ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of acetaminophen (AC) and ascorbic acid (AA). Determination of these compounds is important because of their pharmacotherapeutic advantages. Due to spectral overlapping of AC and AA, PCR and PLS were used for construction of the calibration sets. The concentration linear range of AC and AA were 1.5–24.2 and 1.8–21.1 µg mL−1 respectively. The absorption spectra were recorded from 215–310 nm. The minimum root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 1.3507 and 0.4088 for AC and AA, by PLS, 0.7525 and 0.4015 by PCR in original data and 0.9454 and 0.2875, by PLS and 1.0386 and 0.4000 by PCR in derivative data. The procedure allows the simultaneous determination of AC and AA in synthetic mixtures and real sample solutions made up from pharmaceutical products, human serum and urine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability‐indicating methods for the determination of famciclovir in the presence of its alkaline‐induced degradation product
Authors: Lotfy Hayam Mahmoud , Abd el‐Moneim Abosen Mona M. , EL‐Bardicy Mohamed Galal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFive sensitive, selective and precise stability‐indicating methods are presented for the determination of famciclovir (FCV) in the presence of its alkaline‐induced degradation product. Method A utilizes the first derivative spectrophotometry at 321 nm. Method B depends on using the first derivative of the ratio spectrophotometry (DD1) by measurement of the amplitude at 256 nm. Method C is based on the reaction of FCV with hydroxylamine to form hydroxamic acid, causing the hydroxamic acid to react with triferric ion to form ferric hydroxamate that is measured at 503 nm. Method D is based on the separation of FCV from its degradation product followed by densitometric measurement of the bands at 304 nm. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60 F254, using chloroform: methanol (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase. Method E is based on a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of FCV from its degradation product using an ODS column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–50 mM dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (25:75, v/v, pH 3.0)with UV detection at 304 nm. Regression analysis showed good correlation in the concentration ranges 16–72 µg/ml, 40–240 µg/ml, 40–240 µg/ml, 0.75–5.25 µg/band and 20–240 µg/ml with percentage recoveries of 99.65 ± 0.85, 100.27 ± 0.91, 99.72 ± 0.84, 100.65 ± 1.52 and 99.88 ± 0.50 for methods A, B, C, D and E, respectively. These methods are suitable as stability‐indicating methods for the determination of FCV in the presence of its degradation product either in bulk powder or in pharmaceutical formulation. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhaled fluoride, magnesium salt and l‐arginine reverse bronchospasma
Authors: Rouatbi Sonia , Guandia Fadoua , Laatiri Imed , Tabka Zouhair , Guénard Hervé 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn vitrostudies showed that fluoride and magnesium salts relax bronchial smooth muscle cells. Their combined administration could have potential interest. Magnesium fluoride salt (MgF2) is nearly insoluble. A soluble derivate can be obtained by introducing L‐arginineinine (L‐arginine) between the ions. L‐arginine, being the substrate leading to the release of NO, might add another relaxing effect to this derivate. Relaxing effects of NaF, MgSO4, L‐arginine, NaF+MgSO4and MgF2+L‐arginine given via the inhaled route were studied on rats challenged with acetylmethylcholine (ACMCH) following eight successive doses. Tested salts were given at the fourth dose of ACMCH. Changes in bronchial resistances (R) were measured and compared to results obtained in a control group, receiving ACMCH alone. NaF, MgSO4, and L‐arginine led to significant bronchorelaxing effects (p < 0.05). The association NaF+MgSO4gave a greater decrease in bronchial resistance compared to that obtained with each salt (fluoride and magnesium) separately. (MgF2, 2L‐arginine) induced a significant fall in R at the fourth dose of ACMCH just after its inhalation. R values obtained with (MgF2, 2L‐arginine) were significantly lower than L‐arginine alone at the sixth dose of ACMCH (p < 0.05). (MgF2, 2L‐arginine) is a triple combination able to induce a significant and constant bronchodilating effect through three different pathways. The effect looked partly additive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of harpy/Rca1/emi1 mutants: Patterning in the absence of cell division
Authors: Riley Bruce B. , Sweet Elly M. , Heck Rebecca , Evans Adrienne , McFarland Karen N. , Warga Rachel M. , Kane Donald A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have characterized mutations in the early arrest gene, harpy (hrp), and show that they introduce premature stops in the coding region of early mitotic inhibitor1 (Rca1/emi1). In harpy mutants, cells stop dividing during early gastrulation. Lineage analysis confirms that there is little change in cell number after approximately cycle‐14. Gross patterning occurs relatively normally, and many organ primordia are produced on time but with smaller numbers of cells. Despite the lack of cell division, some organ systems continue to increase in cell number, suggesting recruitment from surrounding areas. Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation shows that endoreduplication continues in many cells well past the first day of development, but cells cease endoreduplication once they begin to differentiate and express cell‐type markers. Despite relatively normal gross patterning, harpy mutants show several defects in morphogenesis, cell migration and differentiation resulting directly or indirectly from the arrest of cell division. Developmental Dynamics 239:828–843, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic expression of a LEF‐EGFP Wnt reporter in mouse development and cancer
Authors: Currier Nicolas , Chea Kathleen , Hlavacova Mirka , Sussman Daniel J. , Seldin David C. , Dominguez Isabel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have characterized a transgenic mouse line in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is expressed under the control of multimerized LEF‐1 responsive elements. In embryos, EGFP was detected in known sites of Wnt activation, including the primitive streak, mesoderm, neural tube, somites, heart, limb buds, mammary placodes, and whisker follicles. In vitro cultured transgenic embryonic fibroblasts upregulated EGFP expression in response to activation of Wnt signaling by GSK3β inhibition. Mammary tumor cell lines derived from female LEF‐EGFP transgenic mice treated with the carcinogen 7, 12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) also express EGFP. Thus, this transgenic line is useful for ex vivo and in vitro studies of Wnt signaling in development and cancer. genesis 48:183–194, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish gene knockdowns imply roles for human YWHAG in infantile spasms and cardiomegaly
Authors: Komoike Yuta , Fujii Katsunori , Nishimura Akira , Hiraki Yoko , Hayashidani Michiko , Shimojima Keiko , Nishizawa Tsutomu , Higashi Kouji , Yasukawa Kumi , Saitsu Hirotomo , Miyake Noriko , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Osawa Makiko , Kohno Yoichi , Higashinakagawa Toru , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWilliams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with an elfin‐like face, supravalvular aortic stenosis, a specific cognitive‐behavioral profile, and infantile hypercalcemia. We encountered two WBS patients presenting with infantile spasms, which is extremely rare in WBS. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses revealed atypical 5.7‐Mb and 4.1‐Mb deletions at 7q11.23 in the two patients, including the WBS critical region and expanding into the proximal side and the telomeric side, respectively. On the proximal side, AUTS2 and CALN1 may contribute to the phenotype. On the telomeric side, there are two candidate genes HIP1 and YWHAG. Because detailed information of them was unavailable, we investigated their functions using gene knockdowns of zebrafish. When zebrafish ywhag1 was knocked down, reduced brain size and increased diameter of the heart tube were observed, indicating that the infantile spasms and cardiomegaly seen in the patient with the telomeric deletion may be derived from haploinsufficiency of YWHAG. genesis 48:233–243, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.