bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical and histochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the turtle retina
Authors: Blute Todd A. , Mayer Bernd , Eldred William D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to localize nitric oxide synthase. However, all NADPH-diaphorase activity is not necessarily nitric oxide synthase, because several enzymes have similar biochemical activity. Additionally, various histochemical methods have been used to demonstrate NADPH-diaphorase activity, which makes comparisons between studies difficult. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to examine the histochemical labeling of NADPH-diaphorase in the turtle retina to allow comparisons to previous studies. Second, we wanted to compare the histochemical localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity to the immunocytochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in the turtle retina. Our histochemical localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity and our localization of nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina both produced similar results. Both the histochemistry and immunocytochemistry consistently labeled photoreceptor inner segments, at least three amacrine cell types, and processes in the inner plexiform layer. In optimized double-labeled preparations, all cells with NADPH-diaphorase activity were also positive for nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity, although some somata in the ganglion cell layer only had nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in photoreceptors, amacrine cells, and putative ganglion cells indicates that nitric oxide may function at several levels of visual processing in the turtle retina.
Le rôle de l'adverbenotammentdans la mise en oeuvre des relations de discours
Authors: VERGEZ-COURET MARIANNE 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDans cet article, nous proposons une description du rôle de l'adverbenotammentdans la mise en œuvre des relations de discours, et plus particulièrement de la relation d’Elaboration. Cette dernière est, de façon informelle, la relation qui s'établit entre un segment de discours apportant une information générale et un segment de discours apportant une ou des informations venant spécifier cette information générale.Notammentest un adverbe qui permet d'attirer l'attention sur un ou plusieurs éléments parmi un ensemble d'éléments explicitement cité ou sous-entendu. Lorsquenotammentporte sur un syntagme verbal, nous allons montrer quenotammentpermet d'attirer l'attention sur une éventualité parmi un ensemble d'éventualités explicitement cité ou sous-entendu. Nous verrons alors que son rôle dans la mise en œuvre des relations de discours diffère selon que l'ensemble est précédemment explicitement cité ou sous-entendu.
ON THE INTERSECTION OF RATIONAL TRANSVERSAL SUBTORI
Authors: NAZIR SHAHEEN 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe show that under a suitable transversality condition, the intersection of two rational subtori in an algebraic torus (ℂ*)n is a finite group which can be determined using the torsion part of some associated lattice. We also give applications to the study of characteristic varieties of smooth complex algebraic varieties. As an example we discuss A. Suciu’s line arrangement, the so-called deleted B3-arrangement.
CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE FLOWS ON OPERATOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: ITZÁ-ORTIZ BENJAMÍN A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet (N,ℝ,θ) be a centrally ergodic W* dynamical system. When N is not a factor, we show that for each nonzero real number t, the crossed product induced by the time t automorphism θt is not a factor if and only if there exist a rational number r and an eigenvalue s of the restriction of θ to the center of N, such that rst=2π. In the C* setting, minimality seems to be the notion corresponding to central ergodicity. We show that if (A,ℝ,α) is a minimal unital C* dynamical system and A is not simple, then, for each nonzero real number t, the crossed product induced by the time t automorphism αt is not simple if there exist a rational number r and an eigenvalue s of the restriction of α to the center of A, such that rst=2π. The converse is true if, in addition, A is commutative or prime.
INVERSE IMAGES OF SECTORS BY FUNCTIONS IN WEIGHTED BERGMAN–ORLICZ SPACES
Authors: PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ FERNANDO , RAMOS FERNÁNDEZ JULIO C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor ε>0, let Σε={z∈ℂ:∣arg z∣<ε}. It has been proved (D. E. Marshall and W. Smith,Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana15(1999), 93–116) that ∫f−1(Σε)∣f(z)∣ dA(z)≃∫𝔻∣f(z)∣ dA(z) for every ε>0, uniformly for every univalent functionfin the classical Bergman spaceA1that fixes the origin. In this paper, we extend this result to those conformal maps on 𝔻 belonging to weighted Bergman–Orlicz classes such thatf(0)=∣f′(0)∣−1=0.
Building Language Competence With Students Using AAC Devices: Six Challenges
Authors: Van Tatenhove Gail M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
There is an adage used by teachers in the American education system that says, “You learn to communicate before you communicate to learn.” This saying reminds us that communication skills are the foundation for learning and that naturally developing children are generally competent communicators before they enter school. They use their foundational language skills to be successful in the classroom. This adage is not typically true for students using AAC systems. These students often enter school without competent communication skills and must work on these skills, while also trying to master school subjects. The reader is challenged to assess his or her role in the language development process of children using AAC systems. Speech-language pathologists will be encouraged to go beyond the role of programming AAC devices and return to the role of “language therapist.” Educators, who spend the majority of the school day with the student, are reminded that they hold the keys to augmentative communication success in schools. Their role is critical in supporting and applying language skills in the classroom.
Data Collection and Monitoring AAC Intervention in the Schools
Authors: Hill Katya 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists working in the schools with students who rely on AAC are expected to measure progress to document gains in language competence. This article provides an overview of some of the basic considerations SLPs make in collecting clinical data to monitor building language competence. Three hypothetical students are used as examples to illustrate data collection through the three transitional stages in language development SLPs frequently encounter on a school caseload: (a) pragmatics to semantics, (b) semantics to syntax, (c) phonology to metaphonology. Examples of performance and outcomes data including language activity monitoring are provided for each transition. SLPs addressing the what, when, how, who, where, and why of data collection find AAC intervention manageable. Strong evidence from clinical practice is needed to optimize the language competence of students who rely on AAC.
Re-Interpreting Modern Iran: Tribe and State in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Cronin Stephanie 
Published: May 2009

For the nationalist elite of early Pahlavi Iran, the regime's military successes over tribal opposition, whether real or imagined, were welcomed and celebrated. These successes were interpreted as confirmation of their views of tribal power as hostile to modernity, archaic and outmoded, and of Riza Shah as the deliverer of Iran's national salvation. This conceptualization of the “tribal problem” had appeared in tandem with and as a product of modernist ideology in the late nineteenth century, acquired the backing of state power with the rise of the Pahlavi dynasty, and endured until the revolution of 1979. It communicated itself, in diluted form, to Western scholarship, which has been largely content to depict Riza Shah's tribal policies as regrettably brutal, but an unavoidable stage in Iran's progress and “modernization.”Yet this version of tribe–state relations is clearly an ideological construct rather than an historical analysis. The account which follows begins a re-evaluation of tribal politics in modern Iran, focusing especially on the Riza Shah decades when these politics were a site of intense conflict and where the nationalist template was most starkly delineated, and concludes by tracing and re-examining the evolution of the tribe–state dynamic in the decades of land reform and revolution.
Nationalism and Ideology in an Anticonsumption Movement
Authors: Varman Rohit , Belk Russell W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In this research we examine the role of the nationalist ideology of swadeshi in a contemporary anticonsumption movement and show that its deployment is linked to the experiences of colonialism, modernity, and globalization in India. Specifically, we offer a postcolonial understanding of reflexivity and nationalism in an anticonsumption movement opposing Coca-Cola in India. This helps us offer an interpretation of this consumer movement involving spatial politics, temporal heterogeneity, appropriation of existing ideology, the use of consumption in ideology, and attempts to bring together a disparate set of actors in the movement.
Using dynamics-based comparisons to predict nucleic acid binding sites in proteins: an application to OB-fold domains
Authors: Zen Andrea , de Chiara Cesira , Pastore Annalisa , Micheletti Cristian 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Motivation: We have previously demonstrated that proteins may be aligned not only by sequence or structural homology, but also using their dynamical properties. Dynamics-based alignments are sensitive and powerful tools to compare even structurally dissimilar protein families. Here, we propose to use this method to predict protein regions involved in the binding of nucleic acids. We have used the OB-fold, a motif known to promote protein–nucleic acid interactions, to validate our approach.
Results: We have tested the method using this well-characterized nucleic acid binding family. Protein regions consensually involved in statistically significant dynamics-based alignments were found to correlate with nucleic acid binding regions. The validated scheme was next used as a tool to predict which regions of the AXH-domain representatives (a sub-family of the OB-fold for which no DNA/RNA complex is yet available) are putatively involved in binding nucleic acids. The method, therefore, is a promising general approach for predicting functional regions in protein families on the basis of comparative large-scale dynamics.
Availability: The software is available upon request from the authors, free of charge for academic users.
Contact: michelet@sissa.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Role forArabidopsis PUCHIin Floral Meristem Identity and Bract Suppression
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Hirota Atsuko , Kwiatkowska Dorota , Tasaka Masao , Aida Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAt the onset of flowering, the Arabidopsis thaliana primary inflorescence meristem starts to produce flower meristems on its flank. Determination of floral fate is associated with changes in the growth pattern and expression of meristem identity genes and suppression of a subtending leaf called a bract. Here, we show a role in floral fate determination and bract suppression for the PUCHI gene, an AP2/EREBP family gene that has previously been reported to play roles in lateral root morphogenesis. Mutations in PUCHI cause partial conversion of flowers to inflorescences, indicating that PUCHI is required for flower meristem identity. PUCHI is transiently expressed in the early flower meristem and accelerates meristem bulging while it prevents the growth of the bract primordium. The function of PUCHI in floral fate determination and bract suppression overlaps that of the BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 genes, which encode a pair of redundant regulatory proteins involved in various developmental processes, including leaf morphogenesis and flower patterning. We also show that PUCHI acts together with BOP1 and BOP2 to promote expression of LEAFY and APETALA1, two central regulators of floral meristem identity. Expression patterns of the PUCHI and BOP genes point to a role in spatial control of flower-specific activation of these meristem identity genes.
FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 and FHY1-LIKE Associate with theArabidopsisTranscription Factors LAF1 and HFR1 to Transmit Phytochrome A Signals for Inhibition of Hypocotyl Elongation
Authors: Yang Seong Wook , Jang In-Cheol , Henriques Rossana , Chua Nam-Hai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAmong the five phytochromes in Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome A (phyA) plays a major role in seedling deetiolation. Mutant analyses have identified more than 10 positive components acting downstream of phyA to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. However, their sites of action and their hierarchical relationships are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genetic and molecular relationship between two homologous proteins, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 (FHY1) and FHY1-LIKE (FHL), and two transcription factors, LONG AFTER FAR-RED LIGHT1 (LAF1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1). Analyses of double and triple mutants showed that LAF1, a myb factor, and HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix factor, independently transmit phyA signals downstream of FHY1 and FHL. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that phyA, FHY1, FHL, LAF1, and HFR1 are components of protein complexes in vivo. In vitro pull-down assays demonstrated direct interactions between partner proteins with the N-terminal region of FHY1, as well as that of FHL, interacting with the LAF1 N-terminal portion and the HFR1 C-terminal region. These results suggest that, in addition to assisting phyA nuclear accumulation, FHY1 and FHL are required to assemble photoreceptor/transcription factor complexes for phyA signaling.
Intangible liabilities: beyond models of intellectual assets
Authors: Garcia‐Parra Mercedes , Simo Pep , Sallan Jose M. , Mundet Juan 
Published: May 2009

PurposeMost models of intellectual capital measurment equal intellectual capital with intellectual assets. Nevertheless, companies sometimes must incur liabilities to make intellectual assets truly actionable. This fact suggests the existence of intangible liabilities. The aim of this paper is to refine the methods of assessment of intellectual capital by refining and extending the concept of intangible liabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper consists of a literature review of prior conceptualisations of intangible liabilities, and an empirical exploration of the employer‐employee relationships that can originate intangible liabilities.FindingsThe results of the empirical research show that a non‐fulfilment of perceived obligations by the company might cause organisational members to refrain from deploying their organisational knowledge in organisational processes. Thus, these obligations can be conceptualised as intangible liabilities.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has only explored intangible liabilities related to organisational members. Future research should explore the intangible liabilities that an organisation can incur with other constituencies, e.g. suppliers and clients.Practical implicationsManagers can improve their models of intellectual capital measurement taking into account not only the intangible assets, but also the intangible liabilities. Taking into account intangible liabilities should bring awareness of the conditions that might hinder the deployment of organisational knowledge.Originality/valueThe study brings a more refined, theoretically‐ and empirically‐based conceptualisation of intangible liabilities than those provided so far, aiding to develop a more robust theory of intellectual capital measurement.
Understanding the learning tactics of college students and their relationship to leadership
Authors: Posner Barry Z. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThis research aims to extend the generalizability of previous studies, using managerial samples, by investigating the tactics college students employ to learn and how this relates to their own behavior as leaders.Design/methodology/approachCollege students were surveyed regarding their typical tactics for learning, using Dalton's Learning Tactics Inventory, along with the extent to which they engaged in various leadership practices, using Kouzes and Posner's Student Leadership Practices Inventory.FindingsStudents who are more actively engaged in any of the various learning tactics (feelings, thinking, accessing others, and action), or all of them (versatility), subsequently report greater engagement across the range of leadership practices as well as transformational leadership.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is drawn from college students, on a single campus, from a single discipline and in their first year of study and, while successfully holding these variables constant, may be unrepresentative of other student populations. The use of a student population may limit generalizability to managerial and/or professional populations. However, the hypotheses and methodology follow previous studies with managerial samples and serve to extend the validity of the learning and leadership relationships investigated. Future studies should add assessments of the effectiveness of leaders.Originality/valueLeadership skills can be developed through a number of learning tactics and strategies, rather than from a single perspective; but the greater the range of learning strategies utilized, the more comfortable students feel engaging in various leadership behaviors. Leadership development is a learning process in itself.
Coopers Brewery: heritage and innovation within a family firm
Authors: Byrom John , Lehman Kim 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe Australian brewing sector has been subject to ever‐increasing concentration over recent years. Yet one firm, Coopers Brewery of South Australia, has managed to expand its market share in a highly competitive trading environment. This paper aims to consider how Coopers, one of the few family firms “of stature” in that sector, has succeeded.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a case‐study approach to illustrate the various factors which have contributed to the firm's success. Fieldwork took place at Coopers' headquarters in Adelaide and secondary data sources are also drawn upon.FindingsWith fifth‐generation family members in charge at the company, Coopers has been able to distinguish itself from its main competitors in the sector, two multinational conglomerates with a combined market share of around 90 per cent. Coupled with investment in production facilities, the case‐study firm's expansion into new domestic and international markets has proved to be profitable. Part of Coopers' success lies in the niche marketing strategies it has employed – strategies which emphasise the company's unique products and stress their history and traditions. The concept of the extended family is highlighted through the company's approach to its consumers and staff members. Philanthropic activities also enhance the company's reputation in the community at large.Practical implicationsFor managers, the case provides clear indications of the various successful niche marketing strategies which a family business in the brewing sector has adopted.Originality/valueThe case provides evidence of how one company has been able to draw on its traditions whilst at the same time maintaining its relevance to the market.
“I give you some, and then you give me some”: automated ILL of end‐user requests via the Danish National Union catalogue
Authors: Petersen Anders‐Henrik , Lose Rikke , Einarsdottir Elva 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the efforts, methods and results of the automation of end‐user loan requests in the Danish union catalogue “bibliotek.dk” (library.dk).Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the implementation of automation of end‐user requests and explains why it is necessary.FindingsThe implications for the user interface are explained, as well as the technical solution and the consequences for the participating libraries and for the end‐users.Originality/valueThe paper will be of interest to all librarians who are supplying end‐users with library material through union catalogues or portals.
Extension theory and its application in evaluation of independent innovation capability
Authors: Shan Wei , Zhang Qingpu 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply a new idea and scientific method to evaluate the enterprise's independent innovation capability accurately.Design/methodology/approachThe matter‐element, extension set and independent function in extension theory are introduced briefly. Based on extension theory, the matter‐element model on comprehensive evaluation of the enterprise's independent innovation capability is established. Then, an instance which makes structural analysis on the enterprise's independent innovation capability with extension evaluation method is given.FindingsThe matter‐element model on comprehensive evaluation of the enterprise's independent innovation capability is established. Extension evaluation method can combine qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to reflect the changing process of the objective appropriately. By means of the matter‐element model, the evaluation result shows which the grade does the enterprise's independent innovation capability belong to.Research limitations/implicationsExtension evaluation method resorting to extension theory, cannot only reveal the evaluation grade and competitive advantage of an enterprise within the industry or within the scope of the evaluation, but also show comprehensive index level of the enterprise's independent innovation capability.Practical implicationsIt is significant to monitor the enterprise's development and changes effectively, find the key factors influencing the enterprise's independent innovation capability and take effective measures in time.Originality/valueNew idea and scientific method are introduced into the enterprise's independent innovation activity, and it can integrate both qualitative and quantitative analysis to solve contradictory problems.
Incentive mechanism design problem based on gradient dynamics
Authors: Kuiran Shi , Tiaojun Xiao , Zhaohan Sheng 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the incentive mechanism design problem of manager under the assumption of bounded rationality in the theoretical framework of principal‐agent relationship and provide some insights into the relationship between the economic agent's rationality and incentive mechanism.Design/methodology/approachThe framework of principal‐agent relationship is based on the full rationality of the agents. However, the agents cannot make optimal decisions in the uncertain and imprecise environment. To capture the essence of incentive scheme, bounded rationality is introduced in the model and the gradient dynamics is applied in modelling bounded rational learning behavior. The corresponding single‐task principal‐agent problem is solved to obtain the second‐best contracts and the effort levels. Furthermore, the results are generalized for the multi‐task principal‐agent problem.FindingsThe second‐best contract under the assumption of bounded rationality converges to the optimal contract under the assumption of full rationality over time.Research limitations/implicationsAccessibility of data for empirical research is the main limitation which model will be applied.Practical implicationsA useful reference for managerial decisions.Originality/valueThe new approach of bounded rationality modeling and simulation. This paper is aimed at the owners, enterprisers, managers, and workers.