bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dense winter bloom of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra below the thick surface ice of brackish Lake Shihwa, Korea
Authors: Baek Seung H. , Ki Jang S. , Katano Toshiya , You Kai , Park Bum S. , Shin Hyeon H. , Shin Kyoungsoon , Kim Young O. , Han Myung‐Soo 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe investigated the seasonal abundance of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenberg) F. Stein, as well as the relevant in situ environmental factors, in brackish Lake Shihwa, Korea. We also examined the growth rates and morphological characteristics of the species in laboratory cultures. In the field, the population densities of H. triquetra remained at low levels from late spring to early summer, and then completely disappeared from August to November 2007. Interestingly, a dense bloom of H. triquetra appeared below the ice surface on 17 January 2008; identities of the cells were confirmed by rDNA sequence comparisons. The second peak reached a density of 672 ×  103 cells L−1 on 28 March 2008, at a water temperature of 9.1°C. Laboratory experiments showed that growth rates of H. triquetra increased with incremental temperature increases within the range of 10 and 20°C. The highest growth rate reached by H. triquetra was 0.62 d−1 at 20°C with a salinity of 30. Above 25°C, the dinoflagellate was unable to grow between salinities of 10 and 15, and reached only relatively low growth rates (<0.12 d−1) under other salinity conditions. However, under continuous cultures at 5°C and 8°C, H. triquetra cells retained its growth capability for more than 12 days, implying that H. triquetra can survive and grows even at very low temperatures. The equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) of H. triquetra did not change markedly between 10 and 25°C, but the equivalent spherical diameter was significantly different at 5°C. The cell volume buildup of H. triquetra at low temperatures is one of the important survival strategies to overcome the harsh environmental conditions. These characteristics make H. triquetra a consistently dominant dinoflagellate in Lake Shihwa during the cold winter season.
Obesity and craniofacial structure as risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea: Impact of ethnicity
Authors: SUTHERLAND KATE , LEE RICHARD W.W. , CISTULLI PETER A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTOSA is the result of structural and functional abnormalities that promote the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. This common disorder is estimated to occur in approximately 4% of men and 2% of women, with prevalence studies from North America, Australia, Europe and Asia indicating that occurrence is relatively similar across the globe. Anatomical factors, such as obesity and craniofacial morphology, are key determinants of the predisposition to airway collapse; however, their relative importance for OSA risk likely varies between ethnicities. Direct inter‐ethnic studies comparing craniofacial phenotypes in OSA are limited. However, available data suggest that Asian OSA populations primarily display features of craniofacial skeletal restriction, African Americans display more obesity and enlarged upper airway soft tissues, while Caucasians show evidence of both bony and soft tissue abnormalities. Our recent comparison of Chinese and Caucasian OSA patients found for the same degree of OSA severity. Caucasians were more obese, and Chinese had more skeletal restriction. However, the ratio of obesity to craniofacial bony size (or anatomical balance, an important determinant of upper airway volume and OSA risk) was similar between Caucasians and Chinese OSA patients. Ethnicity appears to influence OSA craniofacial phenotype but furthermore the relative contribution of the anatomical factors underlying OSA risk. The skeletal restriction craniofacial phenotype may be particularly vulnerable to increasing obesity rates. Better understanding of craniofacial phenotypes encompassing ethnicity may help improve OSA recognition and treatment; however, further studies are needed to elucidate ethnic differences in OSA anatomical risk factors.
Frequency of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy children between 1 and 16 years of age in Turkey
Authors: Oden Akman Alkim , Tumer Leyla , Hasanoglu Alev , Ilhan Mustafa , Caycı Banu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to establish the frequencies of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among healthy children aged 1–16 years and also to determine the factors affecting the levels of vitamin D in Turkey.Methods:  A total of 849 healthy individuals whose ages ranged from 1 to 16 years were included in the study. Serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase l levels were measured at the end of the winter period. The approximate daily calcium intake was calculated by using a 1‐week diet history.Results:  We determined that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 8% and that of vitamin D insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL) was 25.5% in the population investigated. The average daily intake of calcium was especially low in the >8‐year‐old age group (<1300 mg/day).Conclusion:  Vitamin D insufficiency was found to be very common in the population investigated. The daily calcium intake was below the adequate levels especially in school children. Vitamin D supplementation after the first year of life could be beneficial especially for school children and adolescents. The government must develop public policies for the fortification of milk, milk products, and fruit juices with vitamin D.
Algivory in food webs of three temperate Andean rivers
Authors: SCHMID‐ARAYA JENNY M. , FIGUEROA HERNANDEZ DAVID , SCHMID PETER E. , DROUOT CATHERINE 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFood web analyses have been fundamental in understanding community organization and ecosystem functioning. To date, a number of studies demonstrate that stream food webs depend to a large extent on allochthonous detritus, but there are more recent studies that show a high degree of autochthony. Our food‐web study was carried out in three Andean rivers (Coilaco, Guampoe and Trancura) within the catchment area of Toltén River in southern Chile. Based on the analyses of 4251 invertebrate gut contents, we found that these Andean stream food webs are dominated by herbivores (range: 50–73% of all species) supported by a species‐rich algal (basal) component, and characterized by a low proportion of omnivores (range: 8–27% of all species) and predatory species (range: 10–24%). Significant differences in the number of feeding links of the herbivores Meridialis diguillina and Antarctoperla michaelseni and the omnivore Smicridea chilensis were found between seasons. The spring herbivore Aubertoperla sp. showed significant differences between rivers. S. chilensis fed on 50 different prey items as compared with the herbivores whose maximum number of links ranged between 37 and 40. Web sizes ranged between 93 and 131 species and the proportion of top species was distinctly lower than those of basal (up to 0.651 in Coilaco River) and intermediate species. Direct connectance (links per species2) values were low and similar among rivers (range: 0.051–0.074), whereas mean food chain length ranged between 2.23 and 2.90. The distributions of web property values from the Andean rivers differed from those previously published. In contrast to previous predictions, mean food chain length in these Andean streams displayed a scale‐invariant pattern across different web sizes, but it was significantly related to the proportion of intermediate species.
New onset sarcoid‐like granulomatosis developing during anti‐TNF therapy: an under‐recognised complication
Authors: Tong D. , Manolios N. , Howe G. , Spencer D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) antagonists have advanced the treatment of inflammatory arthropathies, and are even considered for use in refractory sarcoidosis with some success. Paradoxically, cases of new onset sarcoidosis‐like diseases are increasingly reported in patients receiving TNF‐α antagonists. Here, we report three cases of sarcoid‐like granulomatosis that developed during treatment with TNF‐α antagonists. Review of the Biologics clinic data base at Westmead, Sydney, Australia identified three patients whom, during anti‐TNF therapy, developed non‐caseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. These three cases are described with review of the literature from 2000 to 2009 using PubMed. One hundred and sixty‐nine patients within our data base were reviewed for the period 2003–2009. Sarcoidosis‐like granulomas developed in three patients within a period of 3 to 36 months of treatment with etanercept and/or adalimumab. All cases demonstrated non‐infective, non‐caseating granulomas on renal or lymph node biopsy. Improvement was seen in two cases upon cessation of TNF‐α antagonist and steroid therapy. Interestingly, clinical deterioration was noted upon re‐challenge with the same TNF‐α antagonist in one patient. To date, a total of 37 cases of sarcoid‐like granuloma development after anti‐TNF therapy have been reported in the literature. Development of sarcoidosis‐like granulomatosis in patients treated with TNF‐α antagonists is a phenomenon previously under‐recognised. All three anti‐TNF agents have been observed to cause this phenomenon, suggesting a ‘class effect’ rather than being drug specific.
Ingestion of stimulant medications does not alter bispectral index or clinical depth of anesthesia at 1 MAC sevoflurane in children
Authors: Chambers Neil A. , Pascoe Elaine , Kaplanian Serge , Forsyth Ian 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBackground/Aim:  Children treated with stimulant medications for the behavioral management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present for elective surgery. Stimulant medication is often continued until the morning of surgery to optimize perioperative behavior. It is unknown whether such stimulant drug ingestion can affect cerebral arousal and alter depth of anesthesia. A clinically relevant alteration in measured depth of anesthesia could form the basis for an evidence‐based recommendation that children taking stimulant medications require a change in the amount of anesthetic delivered or that they require routine monitoring of depth of anesthesia.Materials and Methods:  Thirty‐four ASA 1 and 2 children aged between 5 and 16, presenting for elective day case surgery, were recruited. Seventeen had a diagnosis of ADHD and had taken stimulant medication on the day of surgery, and 17 were controls. A standard inhalational induction of anesthesia using air, oxygen, and sevoflurane by facemask was performed and maintained for 10 min at 1 MAC endtidal sevoflurane. During this time, no other stimulus was applied to the patient. Bispectral index (BIS) and other markers of depth of anesthesia were recorded after 10 min.Results:  Children in both groups were of similar ages and weights. There were a higher percentage of boys in the stimulants group. Baseline physiological parameters were similar in both groups. After induction and equilibration for 10 min of anesthesia at 1 MAC endtidal sevoflurane, there was no significant difference in BIS or clinical markers of depth of anesthesia.Conclusions:  Children taking stimulant medication for ADHD, and who ingest medication on the day of surgery, do not appear to have altered BIS or depth of anesthesia at 1 MAC of sevoflurane. These results do not support a recommendation for a change in anesthetic practice for children having ingested stimulants up to the day of surgery, either in terms of increasing the amount of anesthetic given or monitoring of depth.
Intraprostatic testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Part II: concentrations after androgen hormonal manipulation in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
Authors: van der Sluis Tim M. , Meuleman Eric J.H. , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Bui Hong N. , Blankenstein Marinus A. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Vis André N. 
Published: October 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The male steroid hormone metabolism is an important target in the treatment of prostatic diseases. However, present literature is inconsistent about intraprostatic concentrations of steroid hormones and the role of intraprostatic steroid hormones in the arise and the course of prostatic diseases is yet to be determined.Part II of this two‐piece mini‐review reviews the effect of medication that alters the male steroid hormone metabolism (i.e. 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy) on intraprostatic steroid hormone concentrations. Better knowledge of the intraprostatic steroid hormone concentrations might lead to more individualized treatment and even to new medical targets.Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and 5‐α‐reductase (5AR) inhibition are used in the treatment of men with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), respectively. These drugs exert their effect by lowering androgen levels in the serum and allegedly, the prostate gland. It is, however, unknown whether (increased) intraprostatic androgen levels are associated with the pathogenesis of BPH and with the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Also, it is unclear whether intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels correlate with a response to initial hormonal therapy or with patient outcome. These uncertainties have resulted from the finding that serum testosterone levels do not necessarily reflect those in the prostate gland. Intraprostatic DHT levels of men being treated with 5AR inhibition, of those treated with ADT for hormone‐naive prostate cancer, and of those with castration‐resistant prostate cancer are all altered in an equivalent manner because of hormonal manipulation. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms of the androgenic steroid pathways in prostatic diseases, with a special focus on intraprostatic androgen levels, may lead to treatment that is tailored to the needs of the individual patient, and probably to new therapeutic targets as well.
Achieving the ‘bifecta’ using salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer: analysis of the Cryo On‐Line Data (COLD) Registry data
Authors: Spiess Philippe E. , Given Robert W. , Jones J. Stephen 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Outcomes (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The cancer‐specific outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer have been well established within contemporary scientific literature. However, very little is known about the outcomes of salvage cryotherapy encompassing health‐related quality of life considerations such as continence after treatment.We think the present study is quite novel, as it proposes a new therapeutic endpoint to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of salvage therapies for locally recurrent prostate cancer, which we have termed the ‘bifecta’. In addition, we report that in a large multicentre data registry, such as the COLD Registry, the therapeutic ‘bifecta’ can be achieved in most patients.OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the contemporary outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer using the Cryo On‐Line Data (COLD) Registry.
We also evaluate the outcomes of salvage cryotherapy in achieving the therapeutic ‘bifecta’ consisting of: (i) achieving a post‐cryotherapy nadir serum PSA level of <0.6 ng/mL and (ii) no urinary incontinence.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A prospectively, centrally collected secure online database has been developed of patients undergoing salvage cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer. Of the patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy (in the absence of neoadjuvant hormonal ablative therapy) included within the COLD Registry, complete medical records pertaining to continence status and serial PSA measurements after treatment were available in 183 patients.
RESULTS
The therapeutic ‘bifecta’ was achieved in 133 of these patients (72.7%).
Of the patients achieving the ‘bifecta’, the mean (sd) age at presentation was 71.5 (6.6) years.
Most patients (91%) had a baseline pre‐salvage total serum PSA level of <10 ng/mL and a pre‐treatment biopsy Gleason score of <8 (85%).
The mean duration of follow‐up of patients achieving the ‘bifecta’ was 36.5 months.
CONCLUSIONS
The therapeutic ‘bifecta’, a new surrogate benchmark for salvage therapies, can be achieved in most patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy.
Therefore, salvage cryotherapy is a reasonable treatment choice for locally recurrent prostate cancer in appropriately selected patients.
Retro‐apical transection of the urethra during robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in an Asian population
Authors: Ou Yen‐Chuan , Hung Siu‐Wan , Wang John , Yang Chun‐Kuang , Cheng Chen‐Li , Tewari Ashutosh K. 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Retro‐apical transection of urethra during RARP in an Asian population was found to be feasible. A dedicated team, using robot‐assisted surgery, with a skillful assistant are required for the procedure to become standard practice. We would recommend the retro‐apical approach for all patients receiving RARP, as it was not found to increase surgical risk or complication.The continence rate at 3 months and 6 months were similar between two groups (70% and 95% in retro‐apical group vs 60% and 90% in anterior‐apical group).OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility of retro‐apical transection of the urethra during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in an Asian population.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eighty consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent RARP performed by a single surgeon. Patients who underwent retro‐apical or anterior‐apical urethral transection during RARP were allocated to Group 1 or Group 2, respectively.
Preoperative clinical characteristics were recorded, pelvic bone measurements taken and prostatic apex shape was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.
Operating characteristics were compared between the groups and pathological outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS
Of the 80 patients, 75% were in Group 1 and 25% in Group 2.
Pelvic bone size and apex shape were similar between the two groups. Group 2 had a significantly higher mean (sd) preoperative body mass index (BMI) than Group 1 (27.43 [4.15] vs 23.50 [2.71] kg/m2; P < 0.001) and significantly higher prostate weight than Group 1 (52.00 [31.89] vs 36.55 [11.57] g; P < 0.05). More of those in Group 2 than in Group 1 had undergone previous transurethral resection of the prostate ([TURP] 25% vs 1.67%; P= 0.003) and the mean tumour volume in Group 2 was significantly higher than in Group 1 (15.17 vs 8.10 mL; P= 0.049).
The incidence of retro‐apical transection of the urethra was 62.5% and 82.5% in the initial 40 cases and subsequent 40 cases, respectively (P= 0.02).
CONCLUSION
High BMI, larger prostate volume and previous TURP, but not pelvic bone size or apex shape, might hinder retro‐apical transection of the urethra.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with gestational diabetes in women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Western Australia
Authors: von Katterfeld B. , Li J. , McNamara B. , Langridge A. T. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 372–377 (2012)AbstractAims  To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes for Australian‐born women with gestational diabetes mellitus with those of culturally and linguistically diverse and non‐culturally and linguistically diverse foreign‐born women with gestational diabetes.Methods  A total of 205 616 singleton births in Western Australia between 1998 and 2006 were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Risks of ten maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with gestational diabetes were compared for pregnancies with gestational diabetes to foreign‐born women from both culturally and linguistically diverse and non‐culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds vs. Australian‐born women. The same outcomes were also compared for pregnancies without gestational diabetes.Results  Foreign‐born culturally and linguistically diverse women were more likely to undergo emergency Caesarean section, but less likely to have pre‐eclampsia, an elective Caesarean section or induced labour than Australian‐born women. Their infants were less likely to be large for gestational age, require resuscitation or be transferred to specialist care. These differences were also evident among pregnancies without gestational diabetes to culturally and linguistically diverse women, but did not exist between foreign‐born non‐culturally and linguistically diverse women and Australian‐born women with gestational diabetes.Conclusions  While gestational diabetes places women and infants at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, these outcomes differed for foreign‐born women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds when compared with Australian‐born women. Further investigation is required to elucidate why being foreign‐born and culturally and linguistically diverse reduces the risk of several of these outcomes.
Extracellular matrix‐derived tripeptide proline‐glycine‐proline inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and migration
Authors: Ma Yiwei , Kleinbeck Kyle , Kao W. John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractKeratinocytes are the predominant cell type in epidermis, and are primarily responsible for the epithelialization phase of wound healing. Previous studies by our group showed a positive correlation between IL‐8 concentration and delayed healing of porcine cutaneous partial‐thickness wounds. Interleukin‐8 and collagen‐breakdown product N‐acetyl‐Pro‐Gly‐Pro (PGP) are known as chemoattractant molecules for neutrophils during inflammation. The activity of both molecules is dependent on chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. In addition to neutrophils, keratinocytes also express CXCR1 and CXCR2. Here we investigated the effects of IL‐8 and PGP on keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Our results showed that IL‐8 up to 100 ng/mL does not have any significant impact on keratinocyte proliferation or migration. ECM‐derived tripeptide PGP chemotactically attracts neutrophils but not keratinocytes. PGP strongly inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and migration in a cell‐type specific manner. Thus, collagen breakdown product PGP plays a key role in modulating both the inflammatory and epithelialization phases of wound healing.