bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life nutrition is associated with processing speed at age 5 in children born preterm with very low birth weight
Authors: Bando Nicole , Sato Julie , Taylor Margot J. , Tomlinson Christopher , Unger Sharon , Asbury Michelle R. , Law Nicole , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveProcessing speed is suboptimal among preterm‐born children which is of concern as it is a foundational skill supporting higher‐level cognitive functions. The study objective was to evaluate associations between early‐life nutrition and processing speed in childhood.MethodsMacronutrient and human milk (mother's own, donor) intakes from 137 children born preterm with very low birth weight enrolled in a nutrition feeding trial were included. Processing speed was evaluated at age 5 using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐fourth edition Processing Speed Index. Associations between early‐life nutrition and processing speed were explored through linear regression.ResultsChildren had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) birth gestational age of 28.1 (2.5) weeks, weight of 1036 (260) g and 52% were male. The mean (SD) assessment age was 5.7 (0.2) years. Sex‐dependent relationships were identified between first postnatal month protein, lipid and energy intakes and processing speed at 5 years. For females, lower protein (per 0.1 g/kg/d: −0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.53, −0.23; p = 0.01) and energy (per 10 kcal/kg/d: −2.38, 95% CI: −4.70, −0.05; p = 0.03) intakes were related to higher processing speed scores. Mother's milk provision was positively associated (per 10% increase: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.37; p = 0.01) and donor milk was negatively associated (per 10% increase: −1.15, 95% CI: −2.22, −0.08; p = 0.04) with processing speed scores; no sex differences were observed.ConclusionsFirst postnatal month nutrition was related to processing speed at age 5 in children born preterm with very low birth weight. Early‐life nutrition that supports processing speed may be leveraged to improve later cognitive outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Tryptophan deficiency induced by indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 results in glucose transporter 1‐dependent promotion of aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liang Heng , Zhan Jiani , Chen Yunqiu , Xing Zikang , He Zhen Ning Tony , Liu Yuying , Li Xuewen , Chen Yijia , Li Zhiyao , Kuang Chunxiang , Yang Dan , Yang Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the key enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) through kynurenine pathway, induces immune tolerance and is considered as a critical immune checkpoint, but its impacts as a metabolism enzyme on glucose and lipid metabolism are overlooked. We aim to clarify the potential role of IDO1 in aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer (PC). Analysis of database revealed the positive correlation in PC between the expressions of IDO1 and genes encoding important glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). It was found that IDO1 could modulate glycolysis and glucose uptake in PC cells, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression enhanced glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane of PC cells. Besides, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression suppressed the apoptosis of PC cells via promoting glycolysis, which reveals the presence of IDO1–glycolysis–apoptosis axis in PC. IDO1 inhibitors could inhibit glycolysis, promote apoptosis, and exhibit robust therapeutic efficacy when combined with GLUT1 inhibitor in PC mice. Our study reveals the function of IDO1 in the glucose metabolism of PC and provides new insights into the therapeutic strategy for PC.
Exploring Cardiovascular Autonomic Function before and after Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Giannini Giulia , Guaraldi Pietro , Barletta Giorgio , Sambati Luisa , Baldelli Luca , Cortelli Pietro , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood pressure control in Parkinson's disease (PD) under subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is influenced by several intertwined aspects, including autonomic failure and levodopa treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of chronic STN‐DBS, levodopa, and their combination on cardiovascular autonomic functions in PD.MethodsWe performed cardiovascular reflex tests (CRTs) before and 6‐months after STN‐DBS surgery in 20 PD patients (pre‐DBS vs. post‐DBS). CRTs were executed without and with medication (med‐OFF vs. med‐ON).ResultsCRT results and occurrence of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) did not differ between pre‐ and post‐DBS studies in med‐OFF condition. After levodopa intake, the BP decrease during HUTT was significantly greater compared to med‐OFF, both at pre‐DBS and post‐DBS evaluation. Levodopa‐induced OH was documented in 25% and 5% of patients in pre‐DBS/med‐ON and post‐DBS/med‐ON study.ConclusionChronic stimulation did not influence cardiovascular responses, while levodopa exerts a relevant hypotensive effect. The proportion of patients presenting levodopa‐induced OH decreases after STN‐DBS surgery.
A framework for estimating the matric suction in unsaturated soils using multiple artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Wang Junjie , Vanapalli Sai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImplementation of the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the mechanics of unsaturated soils into geotechnical engineering practice is partly limited due to the lack of quick, reliable, and economical techniques for matric suction measurement. Matric suction is one of the key stress state variables that significantly influences the hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. In this paper, to address this objective, two artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed for estimating matric suction in unsaturated soils based on the particle swarm optimization support vector regression (PSO‐SVR) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) algorithms. The results suggest that both these models can reasonably estimate matric suction. Compared to the MARS model, the PSO‐SVR model can achieve higher accuracy. Nonetheless, the MARS model facilitates the sensitivity analysis and the selection of essential inputs. A novel integrated framework is proposed and validated, leveraging the strengths, and alleviating the limitations of the PSO‐SVR and MARS algorithms for reliable and rapid estimation of matric suction in the range of 0–1500 kPa for low plastic soils (0 < Ip ≤ 7). Six inputs are required to use this model successfully; some can be measured using conventional laboratory tests, and others can be calculated from mass‐volume relationships.
More doctors in town now? Evidence from Medicaid expansions
Authors: Huh Jason , Lin Jianjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine how physicians’ practice locations are affected by Medicaid expansions. We focus on the dramatic Medicaid eligibility expansions for pregnant women that took place between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. Following a recently‐developed estimation strategy, we identify the change in OB/GYN supply due to the expansions in an event‐study framework. We find that OB/GYN counts per capita grew post‐expansion and the increase persisted for years. Our results are mainly driven by early‐career OB/GYNs and concentrated in densely populated or poor counties. Our results show that Medicaid coverage rules could be an important determinant of physician location choice.
A Novel Method for Liraglutide Synthesis and Purification
Authors: Barredo‐Vacchelli Gabriela R. , Rodríguez Jésica A. , Eloy Joaquin A. , Camperi Silvia A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTLiraglutide, developed by Novo Nordisk, is applied in Type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment. Several solid‐phase peptide synthesis protocols were designed for its production. However, current protocols are expensive and many of them are difficult to scale‐up. In this study, a novel alternative for liraglutide production was developed. The peptide was elongated by Fmoc/tBu solid‐phase peptide synthesis on 4‐hydroxymethylbenzoyl–ChemMatrix (HMBA‐CM) resin using the chaotropic agent LiCl as an additive to prevent peptide aggregation. After elongation, removal of side‐chain protecting groups and peptide cleavage from the resin was performed by a two‐stage procedure. Side‐chain protecting groups were removed with 92.5% TFA, leaving the unprotected peptide attached to the solid support. The resin was thoroughly washed to eliminate the contaminants. Next, peptide release was achieved by treating the peptidyl resin with NaOH 0.1 N. This two‐stage procedure assures a high‐purity product without the need of using a large amount of ether as in previous protocols. Finally, liraglutide was purified by hydrophobic interaction with low‐pressure liquid chromatography (HI‐LPLC) instead of using the expensive RP‐HPLC applied in reported methods. This simple and economic method resulted in a high yield and a purity product while overcoming the high cost and difficulties of current processes.
Stressful life events and the occurrence of skin cancer
Authors: Shidlo Noa , Lazarov Aneta , Benyamini Yael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveIt is widely acknowledged that emotional states can influence skin conditions, yet limited research has delved into the impact of stress on skin cancer development. This retrospective study sought to expand the perspective on skin cancer risk factors by investigating the complex relationship between stressful life events and the incidence of skin cancer.MethodsThe sample included 268 individuals followed‐up in a dermatological clinic, in three groups: Patients who had previously been diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and are currently in remission (32%), those who had been diagnosed with non‐melanoma skin cancer (30%), and a control group who are at risk for skin cancer (38%). Participants filled in questionnaires regarding childhood and adulthood life events, and loss and gain of resources following their subjectively most stressful event in adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations of life events with skin cancer occurrence, and mediating and moderating effects of resource loss/gain.ResultsAdverse childhood experiences were associated with melanoma occurrence, with the melanoma group reporting significantly more such experiences compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Resource loss from subjectively significant stressful life events in adulthood partially mediated the association between adverse childhood experiences and melanoma incidence.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there may be intricate connections between stress, life events, adaptation to change, and skin cancer, which future research may further unravel. This study underscores the need for a more comprehensive approach to stress management, coping strategies development, and skin cancer prevention in healthcare settings.
Interatomic Potential For Carbon Based Quantum‐Technology Applications
Authors: Xibraku Malwin , Garcia Martin E. , Bauerhenne Bernd 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo optimize parameters for laser processing of quantum‐technology relevant materials, such as diamond, precise atomistic simulations of the light‐matter interaction on large scales (on the order of atoms) are essential. Classical empirical interatomic potentials are commonly employed for simulating such a large number of atoms, however they fail to accurately capture all relevant effects of light‐matter interaction. Conversely, ab initio methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT) can effectively incorporate quantum properties arising from photon excitations, but their applicability is limited to small systems containing at most approximately atoms. Consequently, bridging the gap between achieving DFT precision and handling millions of atoms necessitates the development of innovative classes of interatomic potentials. In this paper, the construction of a highly accurate interatomic potential for diamond is presented, derived from an extensive dataset of DFT calculations. The parameters of the interatomic potential depend on the electronic temperature (). The findings demonstrate that this newly developed interatomic potential can aptly describe the laser processing of diamond for nanophotonic applications, achieving accuracy comparable to ab initio methods for large systems.
Optical Nonreciprocity in a Multimode Cavity Optomechanical System Controlled by Dynamic Casimir Force
Authors: Ullah Muhib , Mikki Said 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of nonreciprocity arises from the disruption of time reversal symmetry, enabling the one‐way transfer of signals through specific channels. In the framework of cavity optomechanics, this symmetry breaking is attributed to a nonuniform radiation pressure force resulting from the interaction between light and matter. This study investigates a hybrid cavity optomechanical system (COMS) comprising two optical modes, directly coupled to each other via photon hopping interaction and indirectly via a common mechanical excitation in the form of a movable mirror, and an additional parallel metallic plate that induces a dynamical Casimir force (DCF) interaction between the plates. The two optical cavities are driven by two strong laser fields, accompanied by two weak probe classical fields from each port. The primary focus lies in exploring the nonreciprocal behavior of the light field across ports one and two, strongly manipulated by the DCF. The DCF plays a pivotal role in providing extra degrees of flexibility and manipulation in controlling the nonreciprocal signal transmission by modifying the resonance conditions of the fields within the hybrid COMS and is responsible for the amplification and swapping of information between the two ports.
Finite and fixed‐time stabilization of discrete‐time systems using passivity‐based control
Authors: Pandey Sunidhi , Kamal Shyam , Osinenko Pavel , Parsegov Sergei , Singh Devender 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new passivity‐based controller design technique for discrete‐time fully actuated systems. The controller establishes finite‐time and fixed‐time convergence of dynamical system trajectories to an equilibrium state. A new form of a dissipation function, selected a priori, is introduced to design a feedback control rule to achieve such convergence properties. An energy shaping and damping injection methodology is extended to achieve non‐asymptotic stabilization. A numerical example to validate the proposed methods is provided.
Late sexual debut—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hansen Anne‐Katrine , Laursen Birgitte Schantz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany people find talking about their sexuality a taboo subject, especially if a person is unexperienced and has not had their sexual debut. In such cases, it is easy to feel stigmatized, isolated, and excluded from social groups and experience difficulties engaging in conversations. Studies show that the age of sexual debut for most young people in Denmark is 16.7 years. However, a small group has not debuted sexually when reaching their twenties. The purpose of this study is to gain broader insight into the participants' life narratives about their considerations of not having debuted sexually and the impact it has had on their life. The study design was qualitative based on 12 individual semi‐structured interviews. The data were analyzed using interpretive data‐driven thematic analysis. Two overall themes and several subthemes appeared throughout the analysis: 1) the causes of late sexual debut and 2) the meaning of not having debuted sexually. The study concludes that not having debuted sexually can lead to feeling marginalized, stigmatized, lonely, sad, shameful, and of low self‐esteem. The late sexual debut can be caused by many things, but something indicates that the influence throughout our childhood and early youth determines our sexual development. This is especially seen in certain religious environments. The findings of this study indicate that the longer you wait to have your first sexual relation, the harder it becomes. This adds to a negative spiral. The reasons were religious indoctrination, low self‐esteem, negative body image, disorder, unawareness about the body's functions, and unawareness about relationships, flirtation, and social interactions.
Carbon Corrosion Induced by Surface Defects Accelerates Degradation of Platinum/Graphene Catalysts in Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Xiong‐Fei , Su Fang‐Yuan , Xie Li‐Jing , Tian Yan‐Ru , Yi Zong‐Lin , Cheng Jia‐Yao , Chen Cheng‐Meng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphene supported electrocatalysts have demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their durability and cycling performance are greatly limited by Oswald ripening of platinum (Pt) and graphene support corrosion. Moreover, comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of catalysts degradation under 0.6–1.6 V versus RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode) is still lacking. Herein, degradation mechanisms triggered by different defects on graphene supports are investigated by two cycling protocols. In the start–up/shutdown cycling (1.0–1.6 V vs. RHE), carbon oxidation reaction (COR) leads to shedding or swarm–like aggregation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Theoretical simulation results show that the expansion of vacancy defects promotes reaction kinetics of the decisive step in COR, reducing its reaction overpotential. While under the load cycling (0.6–1.0 V vs. RHE), oxygen containing defects lead to an elevated content of Pt in its oxidation state which intensifies Oswald ripening of Pt. The presence of vacancy defects can enhance the transfer of electrons from graphene to the Pt surface, reducing the d−band center of Pt and making it more difficult for the oxidation state of platinum to form in the cycling. This work will provide comprehensive understanding on Pt/Graphene catalysts degradation mechanisms.
A‐LLTO Nanoparticles Embedded Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Room Temperature Operational Li‐metal Batteries
Authors: Paste Rohan , Chen Yu‐Te , Borde Krishna , Dhage Atul , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Lin Hong‐Cheu , Chu Chih Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) have the potential to revolutionize the current energy storage sector. A significant portion of the current development of electric vehicles and the electrification of various appliances relies on Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, future energy demands will require the development of stronger and more reliable batteries. This report presents a novel solid state electrolyte (SSE) composed of a self‐healing composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) matrix and aluminum‐doped (Li0.33La0.56)1.005Ti0.99Al0.01O3 (A‐LLTO) nanofillers. The CSPE contains Jeffamine ED‐2003 monomer, Benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde (BTC) crosslinker dissolved in a 1:1 ratio of Dimethylformamide (DMF) to LiPF6, and a certain amount (x) of A‐LLTO nanofillers (x = 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5%). A CSPE containing x‐amount of A‐LLTO fillers (referred to as CAL‐x%) demonstrates excellent ion‐conducting properties and stable battery performance. The CAL‐10% demonstrates 1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 of ionic conductivity at room temperature (RT). A‐LLTO nanofillers dispersed uniformly within the polymer matrix form a percolation network, which is believed to improve ionic conductivity and the diffusion of Li+ ions. The CR‐2032 cell, consisting of LiFePO4 (LFP)║CAL‐10%║Li, at RT offers an initial discharge capacity of ≈165 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate for 120 cycles with 98.85% coulombic efficiency (C.E.).
Co/C Nanocomposites with Tunable Condensed States Induced by Conformation‐Mediated Strategy for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Cui Mengyao , Wu Tianen , Gao Zhenguo , Hui Shengchong , Zhang Yu , Wei Yu , Zhang Jiaoqiang , Wu Hongjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe strategic regulation of condensed state structures in multicomponent nanomaterials has emerged as an effective approach for achieving controllable electromagnetic (EM) properties. Herein, a novel conformation‐mediated strategy is proposed to manipulate the condensed states of Co and C, as well as their interaction. The conformation of polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules is adjusted using a gradient methanol/water ratio, whereby the coordination dynamic equilibrium effectively governs the deposition of metal–organic framework precursors. This process ultimately influences the combined impact of derived Co and C in the resulting Co/C nanocomposites post‐pyrolysis. The experimental results show that the condensed state structure of Co/C nanocomposites transitions from agglomerate state → to biphasic compact state → to loose packing state. Benefiting from the tunable collaboration between interfacial polarization and defects polarization, and the appropriate electrical conductivity, the diphasic compact state of Co/C nanocomposites achieves an effective absorbing bandwidth of 7.12 GHz (2.1 mm) and minimum reflection loss of −32.8 dB. This study highlights the significance of condensed state manipulation in comprehensively regulating the EM wave absorption characteristics of carbon‐based magnetic metal nanocomposites, encompassing factors such as conductivity loss, magnetic loss, defect polarization, and interface polarization.
Bond properties of steel bar with engineered geopolymer composites under monotonic load
Authors: Li Weitao , Li Shan , Lu Yiyan , Liu Zhenzhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngineered geopolymer composites (EGC) featuring extraordinary tensile ductility are a potential alternative to engineered cementitious composite. In this study, the local bonding properties of steel bars in EGC were investigated. Monotonic loading tests of the 120 specimens were performed using the pullout test method. The study examined the ultimate tensile strain of EGC, diameter and anchorage length of the steel bar on bond performance. The results showed that the EGC, with an ultimate tensile strain of 4.57%, had the highest peak bond strength. By comparing the test results of rebar to ordinary concrete bond performance provided in several previous literature, it was demonstrated that EGC has superior bond performance with rebar compared to ordinary concrete. Based on this, suggestions were provided for the design of rebar anchorage length in EGC. Finally, a mathematical model suitable for determining the bond–slip curve between EGC and steel bars is proposed.
Subway‐induced floor vibration predictions in super high‐rise multi‐tower building located on over‐depot based on one‐dimensional impedance model
Authors: Mei Can , Wang Dayang , Zhang Yongshan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe regular operation of the subway negatively impacts the occupants of super high‐rise multi‐tower buildings located on over‐depot (MBLO), causing undesirable vibrations. To save engineers time and computational cost, an improved one‐dimensional impedance model of super high‐rise MBLO is established to predict undesirable vibration in the design phase and devise measures to enhance human comfort. The stiffness factor of the thick plate of a large chassis is introduced, and the impedance relationships of coupled beam and floor based on the equivalence of mass and bending stiffness are considered for an improved one‐dimensional impedance model. The vibration response of multi‐story buildings and super high‐rise MBLO is predicted by an improved one‐dimensional impedance model and compared with field measurements and experimental results, respectively. The results show that the vibration transmission law of super high‐rise MBLO can be more accurately predicted when the stiffness factor of thick plates and the impedance relationships of coupled beam and floor are adopted in an improved one‐dimensional impedance model of super high‐rise MBLO.