bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorine-free approaches to impart photovoltaic systems with self-cleaning and anti-icing features
Authors: Alves Diana F. , Sousa Juliana P. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDust deposition on photovoltaic systems has a significant impact on the transmittance, temperature, and roughness, causing reductions in their power generation efficiency and lifetime. A promising approach to deal with this problem relies on the use of superhydrophobic coatings to impart the surfaces of these devices with self-cleaning properties. In this work, materials with different chemistry and morphology were added to an acrylic dispersion to create hydrophobic surfaces using a non-fluorinated coating simple strategy for glass substrates. Results showed that materials with more complex morphology, namely the spherical shape of silica nanoparticles, and the needle-like and prism-like structures of zinc oxide, imparted the glass with higher water contact angles. All coatings prepared displayed self-cleaning features and good adhesion to the glass substrate. Coatings comprising silica nanoparticles, zirconia and alumina modified with HDMTS were the best ones to prevent ice formation. In terms of chemical stability, all the coatings resisted acidic conditions close to acid rain pH and solvents with mild polarity. Therefore, the coatings proposed hold great potential to expel dust contaminants and prevent ice formation of photovoltaic devices, increasing their lifetime and power generation efficiency.
A multiphase eigenvalue problem on a stratified Lie group
Authors: Choudhuri Debajyoti , Tavares Leandro S. , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider a multiphase spectral problem on a stratified Lie group. We prove the existence of an eigenfunction of (2, q)-eigenvalue problem on a bounded domain. Furthermore, we also establish a Pohozaev-like identity corresponding to the problem on the Heisenberg group.
Associations Between Motor Competence and Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bao Ran , Wade Levi , Leahy Angus A. , Owen Katherine B. , Hillman Charles H. , Jaakkola Timo , Lubans David Revalds 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Motor competence and executive functions co-develop throughout childhood and adolescence, and there is emerging evidence that improvements in motor competence may have cognitive benefits in these populations. There is a need to provide a quantitative synthesis of the cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that have examined the association between motor competence and executive functions in school-aged youth.

Objectives
The primary aim of our systematic review was to synthesise evidence of the association between motor competence and executive functions in school-aged children and adolescents (5–18 years). Our secondary aim was to examine key moderators of this association.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and EMBASE databases from inception up to 27 June 2023. We included cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that assessed the association between motor competence (e.g., general motor competence, locomotor skills, object control skills and stability skills) and executive functions (e.g., general executive functions, inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility) in children and adolescents aged 5–18 years.

Results
In total, 12,117 records were screened for eligibility, and 44 studies were included. From the 44 included studies, we meta-analysed 37 studies with 251 effect sizes using a structural equation modelling approach in the statistical program R. We found a small positive association (r = 0.18, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.22]) between motor competence and executive functions. The positive associations were observed in cross-sectional (r = 0.17, [95% CI 0.13–0.22]), longitudinal (r = 0.15, [95% CI 0.03–0.28]) and experimental studies (r = 0.25, [95% CI 0.01–0.45]). We also found that general motor competence (r = 0.25, [95% CI 0.18–0.33]), locomotor (r = 0.15, [95% CI 0.09–0.21]), object control (r = 0.14, [95% CI 0.08–0.20]) and stability (r = 0.14, [95% CI 0.08–0.20]) skills were associated with executive functions. We did not find any moderating effects for participants’ age on the associations between motor competence and executive functions.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a small-to-moderate positive association between motor competence and executive functions in children and adolescents. The small number of experimental studies included in this review support the assertion that interventions targeting children’s motor competence may be a promising strategy to improve their executive functions; however, more research is needed to confirm these findings. Future studies should explore the underlying mechanisms linking motor competence and executive functions as their comprehension may be used to optimise future intervention design and delivery.

PROSPERO Registration
CRD42021285134.
ANN model of a triple-junction cell in concentrating photovoltaic system
Authors: Renno C. , Perone A. , Di Marino O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSignificant advancements in concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems have been achieved in recent years, also thanks to the definition of calculation methods of their energy performances in several operation conditions. Typically, the CPV systems electrical power is separately calculated or in terms of its temperature or concentration factor (C), but not simultaneously in terms of both variables. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network model based on experimental data, linking electric power of CPV system with Direct Normal Irradiance and Triple-Junction cell temperature for different C values, is developed. Moreover, the model is also adopted to realize a feasibility analysis of point-focus CPV system used for different users: residential building and agricultural livestock farm. The optimal number of modules is determined to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment. For the residential user, an optimal configuration of CPV system includes 16 modules, providing a peak power of 3.1 kW and covering an area of 130 m2. This configuration allows the maximization of NPV value, reaching 15.9 k€, with DPB of 9.8 years. As for the agricultural livestock, 36 modules, with peak power of 7.0 kW and covering an area of 292 m2, allow the maximization of NPV value equal to 16.3 k€, with DPB of 10.2 years.
Inpatient treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Toppino Federica , Martini Matteo , Longo Paola , Caldas Inês , Delsedime Nadia , Lavalle Raffaele , Raimondi Francesco , Abbate-Daga Giovanni , Panero Matteo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the state-of-the-art inpatient treatment of AN in real-world reports.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature on the major medical databases, spanning from January 2011 to October 2023, was performed, using the keywords: “inpatient”, “hospitalization” and “anorexia nervosa”. Studies on pediatric populations and inpatients in residential facilities were excluded.

Results
Twenty-seven studies (3501 subjects) were included, and nine themes related to the primary challenges faced in hospitalization settings were selected. About 81.48% of the studies detailed the clinical team, 51.85% cited the use of a psychotherapeutic model, 25.93% addressed motivation, 100% specified the treatment setting, 66.67% detailed nutrition and refeeding, 22.22% cited pharmacological therapy, 40.74% described admission or discharge criteria and 14.81% follow-up, and 51.85% used tests for assessment of the AN or psychopathology. Despite the factors defined by international guidelines, the data were not homogeneous and not adequately defined on admission/discharge criteria, pharmacological therapy, and motivation, while more comprehensive details were available for treatment settings, refeeding protocols, and psychometric assessments.

Conclusion
Though the heterogeneity among the included studies was considered, the existence of sparse criteria, objectives, and treatment modalities emerged, outlining a sometimes ambiguous report of hospitalization practices. Future studies must aim for a more comprehensive description of treatment approaches. This will enable uniform depictions of inpatient treatment, facilitating comparisons across different studies and establishing guidelines more grounded in scientific evidence.

Level of evidence
Level I, systematic review.
Does Sleep Reduce Intrusive Memories After Analogue Trauma? Recent Findings of Experimental Sleep Manipulations Using the Trauma Film Paradigm
Authors: Ogden Jessica , Jobson Laura , Drummond Sean P. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Intrusive memories are common in the aftermath of trauma, and these can develop into a pervasive, distressing symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep disturbances have been shown to contribute to later development and maintenance of overall PTSD symptoms, including intrusive memories of trauma. This paper summarises recent research examining the role of sleep in the development of trauma-related intrusive memories.

Recent Findings
There have been initial conflicting results across a small number of studies, namely, whether sleep following experimental analogue trauma results in increased or decreased frequency of later intrusive memories. However, the results of three recent meta-analyses suggest a beneficial effect of sleep early after analogue trauma exposure.

Summary
The relationship between sleep following analogue trauma and reduction in intrusive memory frequency may be due to the role of sleep in the consolidation and integration of traumatic memories into existing autobiographical knowledge. More research is needed to investigate the mechanism of action for this relationship.
The evolution of fractures in deep, weakly cemented overlying strata and the characteristics of severe and mild fracture zones
Authors: Xu Liangke , Yu Fenghai , Tan Yunliang , Zhang Chuang , Zhou Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFracture development in the overlying strata of a quarry is a key factor leading to aquifer water loss. Clearly understanding the fracture characteristics of deeply weakly cemented overburden is of significant importance for water-preserved mining. In order to investigate further the laws governing fracture evolution and zoning characteristics of deep, weakly cemented overlying strata, research methods, including theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering measurement, are employed. The calculation method of seepage velocity is derived by using the formula for the vertical permeability coefficient of the mining aquiclude. Based on the relationship between the seepage velocity of the aquiclude and the recharge velocity of the overlying aquifer under critical water conservation conditions, a quantitative formula characterizing the water-blocking capacity of the aquiclude is proposed. It is found that the variation in permeability of the aquiclude is negatively correlated with the distance from the working face. Consequently, the fracture zoning characteristics of deeply weakly cemented overburden rock, centered around the water-blocking capacity of fractured rock strata, are summarized. The simulation analysis of the evolution of fractures in overlying rock reveals that the compaction range of fractures increases as the working face lengthens. However, the overall development range of fractures remains largely unchanged. Additionally, the expansion of the tensile fracture range occurs solely in the vertical direction as mining height increases, while the compaction range of fractures gradually diminishes. Microseismic monitoring indicates higher incidences of fractures in the structural equilibrium zone and severe fracture zone, with more frequent occurrences of tensile and shear failures. Conversely, the mild fracture zone exhibits fewer occurrences of fractures.
Online boxplot derived outlier detection
Authors: Mazarei Arefeh , Sousa Ricardo , Mendes-Moreira João , Molchanov Slavo , Ferreira Hugo Miguel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Outlier detection is a widely used technique for identifying anomalous or exceptional events across various contexts. It has proven to be valuable in applications like fault detection, fraud detection, and real-time monitoring systems. Detecting outliers in real time is crucial in several industries, such as financial fraud detection and quality control in manufacturing processes. In the context of big data, the amount of data generated is enormous, and traditional batch mode methods are not practical since the entire dataset is not available. The limited computational resources further compound this issue. Boxplot is a widely used batch mode algorithm for outlier detection that involves several derivations. However, the lack of an incremental closed form for statistical calculations during boxplot construction poses considerable challenges for its application within the realm of big data. We propose an incremental/online version of the boxplot algorithm to address these challenges. Our proposed algorithm is based on an approximation approach that involves numerical integration of the histogram and calculation of the cumulative distribution function. This approach is independent of the dataset’s distribution, making it effective for all types of distributions, whether skewed or not. To assess the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, we conducted tests using simulated datasets featuring varying degrees of skewness. Additionally, we applied the algorithm to a real-world dataset concerning software fault detection, which posed a considerable challenge. The experimental results underscored the robust performance of our proposed algorithm, highlighting its efficacy comparable to batch mode methods that access the entire dataset. Our online boxplot method, leveraging dataset distribution to define whiskers, consistently achieved exceptional outlier detection results. Notably, our algorithm demonstrated computational efficiency, maintaining constant memory usage with minimal hyperparameter tuning.
Climate-related Disaster and Human Capital Investment in the Global South — Household Heterogeneity and Growth
Authors: Yokomatsu Muneta , Schinko Thomas , Mochizuki Junko , Rezai Armon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study develops a dynamic model of climate-related disaster impacts, considering multidimensional household heterogeneity, for analyzing changes in growth and inequality in low-income countries. Focusing on human capital development, the study demonstrates the multiple impacts of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies on human capital investment, including the effect of schooling opportunities for households constrained by the subsistence consumption constraint. Through numerical simulations performed for two economies that differ in terms of human capital, modeled after Madagascar and Fiji, it is illustrated that the possibilities of involuntary unemployment and the work-learning choice drive the diversity in macroeconomic impacts of a disaster. In an economy characterized by low levels of human capital, a disaster could cause an increase in labor supply in the immediate aftermath but interrupt human capital formation, impeding long-term growth and human capital formation. Such a result contradicts prevailing intuition by demonstrating that a disaster occurring in an economy under recession may not result in a large adverse GDP impact in the short run but may negatively impact growth in the long run. On such a path, a policy of development in DRR infrastructure with appropriate taxation could reduce human-capital gaps in the long run by supporting continued post-disaster human-capital-investment opportunities for the poor.
Development of a hybrid material with auxetic phase
Authors: Zawistowski Maciej , Poteralski Arkadiusz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid multiphase materials exhibit a wide range of desirable properties, which may be tailored to the needs of their user or application. Modern solutions often use advanced smart materials with specific properties, which in some cases allow the development of devices previously impossible to manufacture due to restrictions of conventional materials. There is ongoing research on multiphase materials composed of phases with differing Poisson’s ratios, which have increased elastic modulus compared to their respective monophase components. Precise analysis of multiphase materials composed of periodic microstructures is possible with the use of multiscale modeling methods and numerical homogenization of individual phases’ geometric structures into homogenous materials retaining the properties of their representative volume elements. Auxetic materials behavior under loading differs from conventional materials. Their Poisson’s ratio value is negative, which means that when they are uniaxially stretched they both elongate and expand laterally, and while uniaxially compressed they both shorten and shrink laterally. While seemingly changing volume, their density remains constant in microscale. Deformation causes the gaps in auxetics patterned structure to change shape and size, but the actual material of the structure remains unchanged. This paper presents the results of development of a multiphase hybrid material with auxetic phase, in two variants. First, with the goal of maximization of the material’s elastic modulus. Second, to obtain a zero-value effective Poisson’s ratio. Different patterns of phases distribution in the material were analyzed. A few different auxetic structures were taken into consideration. Optimization utilized numerical simulation based on finite element method.
Changes of sex ratio at birth and son preferences in China: a mixed method study
Authors: Tang Mengjun , Hou Jiawei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2020, China’s sex ratio at birth (SRB) stood at 111.3, still exhibiting a notable bias. Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB. This study, using a mixed-methods approach, seeks to address what the temporal changes and regional differences in SRB and the gender preferences are in China, whether and why son preference persists, how people practice such preferences and how they relate to the persistently high SRB in the Chinese context. Analysis of data from five national sample surveys finds that son preference is waning and daughter preference is gaining momentum, consistent with significant downward trends in SRB. The study also reveals that value shifts and intergenerational relations have a strong influence on gender preferences and their translation into reproductive behavior. Additionally, this study highlights the challenges that are hindering the decline in son preference, suggesting that more efforts are needed to empower women and to change social norms.
Demographic transition and population dynamics in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Jianxin , Qiu Liya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study is based on census data, statistical yearbooks, and research materials related to the population in Xinjiang, providing a comprehensive analysis and description of population changes and development in the region. The research findings indicate that the population changes in Xinjiang follow general demographic patterns. With the concurrent development of socio-economic factors, the implementation of institutional regulations, and shifts in attitudes toward marriage and childbearing, the fertility in Xinjiang is inevitably declining.
A Case Study of Fragmentation Improvement by Primer Placement in Kevitsa Mine
Authors: Chi Li Yuab , Ylitalo Riika M. , Zhang Zong-Xian , Bergström Pekka , Haugen Sunniva , Mäki Rikard , Sand Anders 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effect of detonator placement on rock fragmentation by blasting was studied in the Kevitsa open-pit mine. Considering rock mass properties, explosives properties, and blast parameters, a comprehensive analysis of 37 production blasts confirms that the middle detonator yields finer fragmentation than the bottom detonator in the full range of investigated sizes. Meanwhile, using the LS-DYNA code, a bench model with a single blasthole was built in a three-dimensional setting. A single detonator placed at two different positions—the middle and bottom—of the explosive column was analyzed in this study. By analyzing principal stress states on the plane through the blasthole axial and vertical to the bench face, the numerical results show that the middle detonator creates a stress concentration area near the bench face characterized by triaxial tension, while the bottom detonator does not. Furthermore, the middle detonator generates a larger stress concentration area with biaxial tension near the bench face than the bottom detonator. Considering that triaxial and biaxial tensions are more favorable to fragmentation than uniaxial tension, it can be concluded from simulation results that these areas with triaxial tension and biaxial tension in the middle detonator are a significant factor contributing to achieving better fragmentation, compared to the bottom detonator. The middle detonator position has replaced the bottom detonator position in the Kevitsa mine.
The hydrological response of melting ephemeral snowpacks compared to winter rainfall events in a mid-mountainous Pyrenean catchment
Authors: Nadal-Romero E. , López-Moreno J. I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hydrological role of ephemeral snowpacks and their differences in stormflow and sediment transport characteristics compared to events triggered by winter rainfall conditions have received limited attention. This study aims to analyze the hydrological and sediment transport responses to rain-on-snow (ROS), melt, mixed, and rainfall events in the Araguás Catchment, situated in a mid-mountain site of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, with a climate strongly influenced by Mediterranean conditions. This catchment represents the transition from a winter ephemeral snow environment to a fully rainfall-dominated site. Results indicate that snowmelt has a modest yet measurable impact on the annual water balance, averaging 10% and rising to 30% during winter (December to February). ROS and melt events consistently exhibited higher mean and maximum discharge and elevated stormflow coefficients compared to mixed and rainfall events. The lowest water infiltration into the soil was observed during melt events, attributed to the potential for frequent freezing soils, specific poor edaphic conditions, and the rapid snowmelt in the area. Consequently, melting events displayed the shortest flood hydrographs among the four analyzed events. The study also underscores precipitation’s almost negligible erodibility capacity in the solid phase and emphasizes the protective role of snow cover in preventing soil erosion. It is important to note that the presented results are significantly influenced by the physiographic, lithological, and edaphic characteristics of the Araguás Catchment. This highlights the importance of conducting more detailed analyses of ephemeral snowpacks in experimental sites under a broader range of environmental conditions for a comprehensive understanding.