bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) presence in hedge and scrub habitats
Authors: Scopes Eleanor R. , Bennie Jonathan J. , Broome Alice , Walsh Katherine , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Habitat restoration at a landscape scale is key to reversing the loss of biodiversity arising from habitat destruction. In landscapes that are intensively used by people, such as for agriculture, valuable restoration efforts might be applied not just to ‘prime’ habitats that are known to have strong associations with target species, but also to ‘sub‐prime’ habitats that might nevertheless provide sufficient resources to support populations.

Hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) populations are in chronic decline in the UK. The species is typically associated with broadleaf woodland but restoration of this habitat at scale in agricultural landscapes is difficult. Other habitats used by dormice might, therefore, provide opportunities for restoration. We investigated the use by hazel dormice of hedgerow and scrub habitats in southwest England. From June–November 2022, using footprint‐recording tunnels, we surveyed 38 hedges and 21 scrub patches in the vicinity of 18 sites known to contain established dormouse populations.

We found that dormice were frequently present in scrub (9.3 detections per 100 tunnel checks, 95% confidence interval 6.6–12.0) and less frequently in hedges (4.5 detections, 95% CI 3.2–5.8).

In scrub patches, dormice were present more frequently as the abundance of dormice in the closest population increased, and less frequently where bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) was dominant.

In hedges, dormice were detected more frequently where there was abundant hazel (Corylus avellana) and honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum), as frequency of intersections with other hedges increased, and where an earthen bank was not present.

Understanding hazel dormouse association with a wide range of habitats, particularly scrub, offers more opportunities for habitat restoration as part of species conservation strategies.
Device Design and Advanced Computed Tomography of 3D Printed Radiopaque Composite Scaffolds and Meniscus
Authors: Delemeester Mitchell , Pawelec Kendell M. , Hix Jeremy M.L. , Siegenthaler James R. , Lissy Micah , Douek Philippe C. , Houmeau Angèle , Si‐Mohamed Salim A. , Shapiro Erik M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract3D‐printed biomaterial implants are revolutionizing personalized medicine for tissue repair, especially in orthopedics. In this study, a radiopaque bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) doped polycaprolactone (PCL) composite is developed and implemented to enable the use of diagnostic X‐ray technologies, especially spectral photon counting X‐ray computed tomography (SPCCT), for comprehensive tissue engineering scaffold (TES) monitoring. PCL filament with homogeneous Bi2O3 nanoparticle (NP) dispersion (0.8 to 11.7 wt%) is first fabricated. TES are then 3D printed with the composite filament, optimizing printing parameters for small features and severely overhung geometries. These composite TES are characterized via micro‐computed tomography (µCT), tensile testing, and a cytocompatibility study, with 2 wt% Bi2O3 NPs providing improved tensile properties, equivalent cytocompatibility to neat PCL, and excellent radiographic distinguishability. Radiographic performance is validated in situ by imaging 4 and 7 wt% Bi2O3 doped PCL TES in a mouse model with µCT, showing excellent agreement with in vitro measurements. Subsequently, CT image‐derived swine menisci are 3D printed with composite filament and re‐implanted in corresponding swine legs ex vivo. Re‐imaging the swine legs via clinical CT allows facile identification of device location and alignment. Finally, the emergent technology of SPCCT unambiguously distinguishes the implanted meniscus in situ via color K‐edge imaging.
Ultrafast Laser Processing of 2D Materials: Novel Routes to Advanced Devices
Authors: Emelianov Aleksei V. , Pettersson Mika , Bobrinetskiy Ivan I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUltrafast laser processing has emerged as a versatile technique for modifying materials and introducing novel functionalities. Over the past decade, this method has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the manipulation of 2D layered materials, including synthesis, structuring, functionalization, and local patterning. Unlike continuous‐wave and long‐pulsed optical methods, ultrafast lasers offer a solution for thermal heating issues. Nonlinear interactions between ultrafast laser pulses and the atomic lattice of 2D materials substantially influence their chemical and physical properties. This paper highlights the transformative role of ultrafast laser pulses in maskless green technology, enabling subtractive, and additive processes that unveil ways for advanced devices. Utilizing the synergetic effect between the energy states within the atomic layers and ultrafast laser irradiation, it is feasible to achieve unprecedented resolutions down to several nanometers. Recent advancements are discussed in functionalization, doping, atomic reconstruction, phase transformation, and 2D and 3D micro‐ and nanopatterning. A forward‐looking perspective on a wide array of applications of 2D materials, along with device fabrication featuring novel physical and chemical properties through direct ultrafast laser writing, is also provided.
Performance Optimization for Multicolor Electrochromic Devices: Morphology and Composition Regulation of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials and Selectivity of Ions
Authors: Tang Yinghui , Qiao Hui , Chen Xueqi , Huang Zongyu , Qi Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, multicolor electrochromic devices (ECDs) have attracted much attention due to their application potential for rich color similar to RGB mode. Although organic electrochromic (EC) materials are widely used in multicolor electrochromism because of their multicolor properties, remarkable weatherability remains challenging. Inorganic EC materials especially transition metal oxide are particularly attractive for excellent weatherability in ECD fabrication. Moreover, by selection of electrolytes, better ionic transfer efficiency can be rendered in the EC process. Although the morphology regulation of the EC film and the selection of electrolytes in the ion transmission layer play important roles in optimizing EC performance and have been extensively studied, a systematic and comprehensive review is lacking. In this review, the morphology regulation of the EC film and selection rules of electrolytes in the multicolor ECDs is focused, and the advantages and disadvantages of existing ways are discussed. The current application of multicolor ECDs is also outlined and it is hoped that this review can contribute some inspiration to designing and improving multicolor ECDs.
From Simple Packaging Materials to Smart Sensors: Sunlight Exposure Sensing in Bubble Wraps Incorporating a Layered Metal Selenide Photocatalyst
Authors: Karagianni Vasiliki I. , Georgiadis Andronikos , Lykos Christos , Vlessidis Athanasios G. , Konstantinou Ioannis , Manos Manolis J. , Giokas Dimosthenis L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work demonstrates that the packaging material commonly called “bubble wraps” (Aeroplast) can be leveraged to serve as a probe to visible sunlight exposure. This probe relies on a newly developed layered metal selenide photocatalyst with the general formula (DMAH)2xMnxSn3–xSe6(DMSe‐1) (x= 1.3–1.7; DMAH+= dimethylammonium), featuring a narrow bandgap of 0.76 eV, in addition to an indicator dye and a reducing agent. The photochemically sensitive probe is introduced into the air‐filled compartments of bubble wraps and undergoes photocatalytic degradation, resulting in a chromatic response to sunlight exposure. The probe's sensitivity to variable irradiation doses can be adjusted by varying the amount of the photocatalyst. The color intensity correlates with the absorbed irradiation dose, allowing for qualitative assessment by the naked eye or quantitative measurement using the RGB color system. The results obtained from the new probe agree with those obtained from standard sunlight pyranometers (r= 0.98), with an average error of <15%. This suggests that beyond their use as protective coatings, bubble wraps can be successfully repurposed as visible light sensors. Furthermore, this study describes the initial use of metal chalcogenides as visible light probes, potentially paving the way for the development of innovative light‐sensitive materials.
Endogenous Group‐Directed Late‐Stage C−H Functionalization of Peptides
Authors: Barahdia Aman S. , Thakare Karuna L. , Kaur Lipat , Jain Rahul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeptides are diverse in terms of their functional groups and side‐chain functionalities, and late‐stage C−H functionalization plays a crucial role in their design. Approaches for such synthesis require pre‐installation and post‐removal of the directing group (DG). In recent times, chemical methods have been developed, focusing on the external DG‐free C−H functionalization of peptides. These approaches utilize the inherent native functionality of peptides as DG to simplify synthetic routes, reducing synthetic steps, waste generation, enhancing sustainability, cost‐effectiveness, and operational flexibility. Such approaches facilitate late‐stage C−H functionalization of both natural and unnatural amino acid‐containing peptides.
Simulation‐Based Performance Analysis of Lead‐Free Bismuth Perovskite Solar Cells: A Comparative Study of Cs3Bi2I9 and (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 ‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jayawardane Sanjeewani T. , Akmal Muditha D. , Jayaneththi Yshodhya H. , Fernando Tyron V. , Hu Dengwei , Abeygunawardhana Pradeep K. W. , Sewvandi Galhenage A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising candidates in PV research due to their exceptional photovoltaic properties. However, the toxicity and environmental concerns associated with lead‐based perovskites have led to the exploration of lead‐free alternatives. In this study, the performance of lead‐free bismuth PSCs, specifically PSCs based on Cesium Bismuth Iodide (Cs3Bi2I9) and Methyl Ammonium Bismuth Iodide (MA3Bi2I9), is investigated. Numerical simulations using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) are conducted to comprehensively analyze the influence of key parameters, including the band‐to‐band radiative recombination rate, the absorber layer defect density, the absorber layer/electron transport layer (ETL) interface defect density, the absorber layer/hole transport layer interface (HTL) defect density, operating temperatures, and series and shunt resistances, and to optimize the proposed PSCs accordingly. The simulation results demonstrate a significant impact of these key parameters on the performance of Cs3Bi2I9 and MA3Bi2I9 PSCs. The optimized Cs3Bi2I9‐based PSC exhibited notable performance characteristics, including a PCE of 13.81%, a Voc of 1.16 V, a Jsc of 18.14 mA cm−2, and FF of 65.51%. In contrast, the MA3Bi2I9‐based PSC demonstrated relatively lower performance, with a PCE of 11.82%, Voc of 1.14 V, Jsc of 18.06 mA cm−2, and FF of 57.33%. The study on the defect density at the interfaces revealed the performance of PSCs is predominantly influenced by defects at the front interface (ETL/Absorber) rather than the rear interface (HTL/Absorber). These results provide valuable insights for the experimental design and optimization of lead‐free bismuth PSCs.
Hydrogen Therapy Reverses Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts Phenotypes and Remodels Stromal Microenvironment to Stimulate Systematic Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Meng Xiaoyan , Liu Zhonglong , Deng Liang , Yang Yangzi , Zhu Yingchun , Sun Xiaoying , Hao Yongqiang , He Yue , Fu Jingke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the tumor progression. Among TME components, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) show multiple tumor‐promoting effects and can induce tumor immune evasion and drug‐resistance. Regulating CAFs can be a potential strategy to augment systemic anti‐tumor immunity. Here, the study observes that hydrogen treatment can alleviate intracellular reactive oxygen species of CAFs and reshape CAFs’ tumor‐promoting and immune‐suppressive phenotypes. Accordingly, a controllable and TME‐responsive hydrogen therapy based on a CaCO3 nanoparticles‐coated magnesium system (Mg‐CaCO3) is developed. The hydrogen therapy by Mg‐CaCO3 can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also inhibit pro‐tumor and immune suppressive factors in CAFs, and thus augment immune activities of CD4+ T cells. As implanted in situ, Mg‐CaCO3 can significantly suppress tumor growth, turn the “cold” primary tumor into “hot”, and stimulate systematic anti‐tumor immunity, which is confirmed by the bilateral tumor transplantation models of “cold tumor” (4T1 cells) and “hot tumor” (MC38 cells). This hydrogen therapy system reverses immune suppressive phenotypes of CAFs, thus providing a systematic anti‐tumor immune stimulating strategy by remodeling tumor stromal microenvironment.
Comparison of additive main effect–multiplicative interaction model and factor analytic model for genotypes ordination from multi‐environment trials
Authors: Bruno Cecilia I. , Balzarini Mónica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model is used to explore the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) in complete multi‐environmental trials. This model orders genotypes (G) according to their performance across environments (E) on a vectorial plane generated by the first two axes of a principal component analysis (AMMI‐biplot). Alternatively, interaction terms can be regarded as random effects, which can be predicted from linear mixed models using a factor analytic (FA) covariance structure for the GEI terms. Here, an FA‐biplot was obtained by plotting the G and E scores derived from the FA mixed model with complete and incomplete data. The aim of this work was to compare AMMI‐biplot with FA‐biplot for balanced data and then show the impact of the imbalance on the FA‐biplot. The G ordinations were assessed in four scenarios generated using datasets of 3 consecutive years obtained from comparative wheat trials conducted under a complete random block design in different environments across the Argentine network of cultivar assessment. For each scenario, G with the lowest performance in the third year were deleted, one by one, from all sites to generate a scenario with missing G. Although we used different statistical procedures to obtain AMMI‐biplot and FA‐biplot, they showed the same interaction pattern in the case of up to 50% of G dropped from all E in the last year of the multiyear trials. We conclude that the FA‐biplot yields a robust G ordination even when with incomplete datasets.
Dandy–Walker malformation in an individual with ABL1 variant
Authors: Garzon Jenny P. , Pardo Andrea C. , Raski Carolyn R. , Prada Carlos E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDandy–Walker malformation (DWM) is often sporadic, but there are a growing number of genetic disorders that have been associated with this condition. We present a female individual with a de novo variant in ABL1, c.734A>G (p.Y245), who was diagnosed prenatally with DWM. ABL1‐related neurodevelopmental disorder was recently identified but brain malformations have not been well characterized to date. We reviewed the published literature and identified one additional individual with DWM and ABL1‐related disorder, which suggests a possible association with this malformation.
Ordering Bimetallic Cu‐Pd Catalysts onto Orderly Mesoporous SrTiO3‐Crystal Nanotubular Networks for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction
Authors: Fang Fan , Zhang Jie , Xiang Lijing , Chen Chong , Feng Nengjie , Lv Yanqi , Chang Kun , Huang Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis of fuels has garnered significant attention, with SrTiO3 emerging as a potential candidate for photocatalysis due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. However, selectively converting CO2 into fuels with desired reaction products remains a grand challenge. Herein, we design an updated method via an aging strategy based on the electrospinning technique to synthesize a single‐crystalline Al‐doped SrTiO3 nanotubular networks with self‐assembled orderly mesopores, further modified by Cu−Pd alloy. It exhibits both high crystallinity and superior cross‐linked mesoporous structures, effectively facilitating charge carrier transfer, photon utilization, and mass transfer, with a remarkable enhancement from 0.025 mmol h−1 m−2 to 1.090 mmol h−1 m−2 in the CO production rate. Meanwhile, the ordered arrangement of Cu and Pd atoms on the (111) surface can promote the rate‐determining step (*CO2 to *COOH), which is also responsible for its good activity. The presence of CuO in the reaction confers a significant advantage for CO desorption, leading to a remarkable CO selectivity of 95.54 %. This work highlights new insights into developing advanced heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Breakthrough in CO2 Electroreduction to Multi‐Carbon Products at Ampere‐Level Enabled by Active Sites Engineering
Authors: Sun Ying , Luo Zhenghong , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient production of value‐added chemicals with high selectivity from CO2 electroreduction at industrial‐level current density is highly demanded, yet remains a big challenge. In a recent issue of Angewandte Chemie, Han and colleagues have elegantly increased the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of multi‐carbon (C2+) products to over 70 % at amperes level (1.4 A cm−2) by engineering the active sites for the key reactions involved in the CO2 electroreduction. In this study, the highly dispersed Pd atoms have two unique functions: active sites for water dissociation and to induce the electron rearrangement of the surrounding Cu atoms to form new active sites for CO conversion, while the Cu far from Pd are the active sites for efficient CO2 conversion to CO, the synergistic functions of these three active sites result in high FE and yields of C2+ products at industrial‐level current density. This research is a remarkable step forward in the methodology for developing efficient and durable catalysts for CO2 electroreduction and beyond.
Dearomative Intramolecular (4+3) Cycloadditions of Thiophenes
Authors: Zheng Yufen , Chen Yueyao , He Yuxuan , Rizzo Antonio , Zhou Yuchen , Low Kam‐Hung , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Chiu Pauline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnexpectedly facile dearomative intramolecular (4+3) cycloadditions of thiophenes with epoxy enolsilanes, providing sulfur‐bridged cycloadducts, are reported. A total of fifteen thiophene substrates have been found to undergo (4+3) cycloaddition smoothly to produce endo and exo (4+3) adducts in yields of up to 83 % with moderate to good diastereoselectivity. Complete conservation of enantiomeric purity was observed when the optically enriched epoxide was used. The desulfurizing transformations of the sulfur‐bridged skeleton of the cycloadducts provide functionalized 6,7‐fused bicyclic frameworks consisting of 1,3‐cycloheptadiene subunits. Density functional theory calculations reveal the origins of the facile dearomatization of thiophenes in these (4+3) cycloadditions.
The Theatre Recovery and Anaesthetic nurse Capnography Education (TRACE) project*
Authors: Sweeney T. , Deasy A. , Linehan R. , O'Sullivan E. P. , Cafferkey A. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe Theatre Recovery and Anaesthetic Nurse Capnography Education (TRACE) project is a multidisciplinary quality improvement project. The overall aim is to educate anaesthetic and recovery nurses on the correct use of capnography and educate non‐consultant hospital doctors on the guidelines on Preventing Unrecognised Oesophageal Intubation from the Project for Universal Management of Airways group. This project addresses technical aspects of task performance such as correct waveform identification and interpretation, troubleshooting abnormal waveforms and establishing routine checks of capnography both pre‐induction and post‐intubation. The pre‐induction verification of the correct function of capnography is an essential component of this project. In addition, the project focuses on team aspects of task performance with an emphasis on team psychological safety, empowering nurses to speak up using graded assertiveness and flattening hierarchies. As a result of the project, our nurses' knowledge about capnography and waveform identification improved to over 80% correct answers six months after completion of the project. In addition, over 90% of participants reported feeling confident in speaking up to both consultants and non‐consultant hospital doctors when a waveform was not present before induction of anaesthesia or after attempted tracheal intubation.
Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Labels in Immunosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers of Clinical Interest
Authors: Valero‐Calvo David , García‐Alonso Francisco Javier , de la Escosura‐Muñiz Alfredo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochemical immunosensors have emerged in the last years as outstanding analytical systems for the detection of analytes of clinical interest. As alternative to the traditional enzymatic labels, the use of nanoparticles and especially bimetallic ones has gained increased attention thanks to their advantages related to the higher simplicity, stability and sensitivity offered. Main routes for the detection of such nanoparticle labels are based on i) dissolution of the nanoparticle into the corresponding metal ions followed by voltammetric detection; ii) taking advantage of the electrocatalytic effect of the metals towards secondary reactions; and iii) taking advantage of their electrochemiluminescence properties.
Development and characterization of groundnut shell‐derived biocarbon‐reinforced polylactic acid composite filaments for FDM
Authors: Mandala Radhika , Prasad B. Anjaneya , Akella Suresh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochar, a carbon‐rich biomass material has emerged as promising reinforcement and offers versatile applications and potential benefits in various fields, especially in fused deposition modeling (FDM). This study focuses on the development and characterization of groundnut shell‐derived biocarbon (GNSC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) filaments for FDM. The GNSC was synthesized through pyrolysis using a tubular furnace at temperatures 700, 800, and 900°C. Synthesized carbon was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM analysis. The results showed that the synthesized carbon particles were graphitic, spherical, and nanosized with an average diameter of 40 nm. The preferred biocarbon material, GNSC800 was selected for its high carbon content (98.25%) observed through EDX analysis. Composite filaments were produced with different GNSC800 loadings of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% using solvent casting and extrusion techniques. Thermal stability was evaluated using TGA and DSC, which showed improved properties with the addition of biocarbon. The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity were enhanced with the inclusion of biocarbon. The data were also validated using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Filament with the 0.5 wt% loading showed the most favorable thermomechanical properties exhibiting a 39.8% increase in tensile strength and a 17.5% improvement in tensile modulus.