bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust anomaly detection in industrial images by blending global–local features
Authors: Pei Mingjing , Liu Ningzhong , Xia Shifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndustrial image anomaly detection achieves automated detection and localization of defects or abnormal regions in images through image processing and deep learning techniques. Currently, utilizing the approach of reverse knowledge distillation has yielded favourable outcomes. However, it is still a challenge in terms of the feature extraction capability of the image and the robustness of the decoding of the student network. This study first addresses the issue that the teacher network has not been able to extract global information more effectively. To acquire more global information, a vision transformer network is introduced to enhance the model's global information extraction capability, obtaining better features to further assist the student network in decoding. Second, for anomalous samples, to address the low similarity between features extracted by the teacher network and features restored by the student network, Gaussian noise is introduced. This further increases the probability that the features decoded by the student model match normal sample features, enhancing the robustness of the student model. Extensive experiments were conducted on industrial image datasets AeBAD, MvtecAD, and BTAD. In the AeBAD dataset, under the PRO performance metric, the result is 89.83%, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance. Under the AUROC performance metric, it reaches 83.35%. Similarly, good results were achieved on the MvtecAD and BTAD datasets. The proposed method's effectiveness and performance advantages were validated across multiple industrial datasets, providing a valuable reference for the application of industrial image anomaly detection methods.
Shaping pollinator diversity through coffee agroforestry management: A meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Centeno‐Alvarado Diego , Lopes Ariadna Valentina , Arnan Xavier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pollinator diversity plays an important role in improving the resilience of pollination services. However, agricultural intensification is causing declines in pollinator diversity. Such losses could be mitigated and even reversed by agroforestry systems, whose structural complexity exceeds that of intensive agricultural systems. Research, primarily conducted in tropical regions, suggests that efficiently managing agroforestry systems can increase pollinator diversity.
We performed a global meta‐analysis to explore how coffee agroforestry management practices affect the diversity of bee pollinators. We employed 137 sets of results from 20 studies that had been conducted at widely distributed locations across four of the seven continents. More specifically, we investigated the impact of augmenting floral resources (60 sets of results) and shade‐tree cover (43 sets of results) and reducing the distance to natural forests (34 sets of results). Additionally, we examined key moderating factors, including climatic conditions, pollinator sociality, the metrics used to describe pollinator diversity, pollinator sampling methods, the metrics used to characterise the effects of management practices and floral resource type.
We observed that bee pollinator diversity broadly increased as local floral resources increased in tropical coffee agroforestry systems. Shade‐tree cover and proximity to natural forests did not broadly influence bee pollinator diversity. However, the strength and direction of the relationships between the agroforestry management practices and bee pollinator diversity were moderated by different factors, mainly climatic conditions and pollinator sociality.
Our findings underscore the importance of managing coffee agroforestry systems to maximise bee diversity, which is crucial for coffee plant pollination. The broader objective should be to ensure the availability of resources that promote pollinator fitness, effective pollination and, as a consequence, crop yields.
Effect of hydrogen flow rate on properties of silicon oxycarbide thin films via hot wire chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Garcia Balderas Ivan Enrique , Morales Ruiz Crisoforo , Rosendo Andres Enrique , Perez Cruz Maria Ana , Gastellou Hernandez Erick , Galeazzi Isasmendi Reina , Coyopol Solis Antonio , García Salgado Godofredo , Romano Trujillo Roman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of hydrogen flow as a carrier gas on silicon oxycarbide thin films produced via hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor. Systematically varying the hydrogen flow rates, the influence on thin film composition, microstructure, and optical properties is investigated. Employing diverse characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, it is revealed that there is a correlation between hydrogen flow rate and thin film elemental composition. Higher hydrogen flow rates result in increased silicon content and reduced contributions of oxygen and carbon. FE‐SEM images show agglomerates with improved homogeneity at higher flow rates. FTIR spectra highlight distinctive vibrational modes, including Si–H bonds. XPS confirms the emergence of Si–H bonds at elevated hydrogen flow rates. Ellipsometry indicates increased thickness and refractive index. PL spectra exhibit a broadband across the visible spectrum, influenced by hydrogen‐related defects and electronic transitions. This study provides findings for optimizing HWCVD parameters to tailor thin films for specific applications, emphasizing the important role of hydrogen flow as a carrier gas.
Food safety in Laos: status, current challenges and opportunities
Authors: Thompson Leah R. , Sipes Patricia , Ebner Paul , Soukhavong Somphone , Shively Gerald 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis article reviews available evidence on food safety and foodborne illness in Laos, especially as it relates to human nutrition. There is a distinct lack of research in Laos surrounding bacterial, viral, parasitic and chemical foodborne contaminants, which contribute to significant yet avoidable public health problems. Viral and chemical foodborne contaminants are especially under researched. Major challenges include undeveloped reporting systems for outbreaks, zoonotic foodborne pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, resource constraints and communicating food safety risks to diverse ethnic groups. Evidence‐based food safety policy in Laos requires improved surveillance and reporting, identification of evidence gaps within food value chains, assessments of risks and cost‐effective approaches, and supporting partnerships with neighbouring countries. Specific suggestions for targeted research involve conducting longitudinal studies to ascertain long‐term public health impacts, continuing to identify foodborne etiologic agents and transmission routes in Laos and implementing interdisciplinary, One Health approaches to address complex problems more sustainably.
The performance of large language models on quantitative and verbal ability tests: Initial evidence and implications for unproctored high‐stakes testing
Authors: Hickman Louis , Dunlop Patrick D. , Wolf Jasper Leo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnproctored assessments are widely used in pre‐employment assessment. However, widely accessible large language models (LLMs) pose challenges for unproctored personnel assessments, given that applicants may use them to artificially inflate their scores beyond their true abilities. This may be particularly concerning in cognitive ability tests, which are widely used and traditionally considered to be less fakeable by humans than personality tests. Thus, this study compares the performance of LLMs on two common types of cognitive tests: quantitative ability (number series completion) and verbal ability (use a passage of text to determine whether a statement is true). The tests investigated are used in real‐world, high‐stakes selection. We also examine the performance of the LLMs across different test formats (i.e., open‐ended vs. multiple choice). Further, we contrast the performance of two LLMs (Generative Pretrained Transformers, GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4) across multiple prompt approaches and “temperature” settings (i.e., a parameter that determines the amount of randomness in the model's output). We found that the LLMs performed well on the verbal ability test but extremely poorly on the quantitative ability test, even when accounting for the test format. GPT‐4 outperformed GPT‐3.5 across both types of tests. Notably, although prompt approaches and temperature settings did affect LLM test performance, those effects were mostly minor relative to differences across tests and language models. We provide recommendations for securing pre‐employment testing against LLM influences. Additionally, we call for rigorous research investigating the prevalence of LLM usage in pre‐employment testing as well as on how LLM usage affects selection test validity.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Infections in Children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2015–2021
Authors: Do Lien Anh Ha , Tsedenbal Naranzul , Khishigmunkh Chimidregzen , Tserendulam Bazarkhuu , Altanbumba Lkhagvadorj , Luvsantseren Dashtseren , Ulziibayar Munkhchuluun , Suuri Bujinlkham , Narangerel Dorj , Tsolmon Bilegtsaikhan , Demberelsuren Sodbayar , Pell Casey L , Manna Sam , Satzke Catherine , Nguyen Cattram , Mungun Tuya , von Mollendorf Claire , Badarch Darmaa , Mulholland Kim 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundData available for RSV and influenza infections among children < 2 years in Mongolia are limited. We present data from four districts of Ulaanbaatar from April 2015 to June 2021.MethodsThis study was nested in an enhanced surveillance project evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) impact on the incidence of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Our study was restricted to children aged < 2 years with arterial O2 saturation < 93% and children with radiological pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected at admission were tested for RSV and influenza using qRT‐PCR. NP swabs of all patients with radiological pneumonia and of a subset of randomly selected NP swabs were tested for S. pneumoniae (S.p.) by qPCR and for serotypes by culture and DNA microarray.ResultsAmong 5705 patients, 2113 (37.0%) and 386 (6.8%) had RSV and influenza infections, respectively. Children aged 2–6 months had a higher percentage of very severe RSV infection compared to those older than 6 months (42.2% versus 31.4%, p‐value Fisher's exact = 0.001). S.p. carriage was detected in 1073/2281 (47.0%) patients. Among S.p. carriage cases, 363/1073 (33.8%) had S.p. and RSV codetection, and 82/1073 (7.6%) had S.p. and influenza codetection. S.p. codetection with RSV/influenza was not associated with more severe LRTIs, compared to only RSV/influenza cases.ConclusionIn Mongolia, RSV is an important pathogen causing more severe LRTI in children under 6 months of age. Codetection of RSV or influenza virus and S.p. was not associated with increased severity.
The Detection of Influenza Virus Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Cameroon
Authors: Monamele Gwladys Chavely , Tsafack Desmon Toutou , Bilounga Chanceline Ndongo , Njankouo Ripa Mohamadou , Nsangou Yogne Christian , Munshili Njifon Hermann Landry , Nkom Felix , Tamoufe Ubald , Esso Linda , Koro Koro Fancioli , Perraut Ronald , Njouom Richard 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfluenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are both respiratory viruses with similar clinical manifestations and modes of transmission. This study describes influenza data before and during the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID‐19) in Cameroon and SARS‐CoV‐2 data during the pandemic period.MethodsThe study ran from 2017 to 2022, and data were divided into two periods: before (2017–2019) and during (2020–2022) the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from persons with respiratory illness were tested for influenza using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) typing and subtyping assays. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the respiratory specimens were simultaneously tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using the DaAn gene protocol or the Abbott real‐time SARS‐CoV‐2 assay. The WHO average curve method was used to compare influenza virus seasonality before and during the pandemic.ResultsA total of 6246 samples were tested. Influenza virus detection rates were significantly higher in the pre‐pandemic period compared to the pandemic period (30.8% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the SARS‐CoV‐2 detection rate was 2.5%. A change in the seasonality of influenza viruses was observed from a bi‐annual peak before the pandemic to no clear seasonal pattern during the pandemic. The age groups 2–4 and 5–14 years were significantly associated with higher influenza positivity rates in both pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods. For SARS‐CoV‐2, all age groups above 15 years were the most affected population.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on the seasonal influenza by changing the seasonality of the virus and reducing its detection rates.
Activation pattern of the coronary sinus facilitates the differentiation for ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias
Authors: Mi Li‐Jie , Weng Si‐Xian , Sun Qi , Zhang Hong‐Da , Ding Lei , Zhang Ai‐Kai , Tang Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe accuracy of surface ECG algorithms for predicting the origin of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OT‐VAs) might be questioned. Intracardiac electrograms recorded at anatomic landmarks could provide new predictive insights. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of a novel criterion utilizing the activation pattern of the coronary sinus (CS) in localizing OT‐VAs, including VAs originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), endocardial left ventricular outflow tract (Endo‐LVOT), and epicardial left ventricular outflow tract (Epi‐LVOT).MethodsWe measured the ventricular activation time of the mitral annulus (MA) from the onset of the earliest QRS complex of VAs to the initial deflection over the isoelectric line at local signals, namely the QRS‐MA interval. The activation at 3 and 12 o'clock of the MA was recorded as the QRS‐MA3 and QRS‐MA12 intervals, respectively. Their predictive values were compared to previous ECG algorithms.ResultsA total of 68 patients with OT‐VAs were enrolled (51 for development and 17 for validation). From early to late, the ventricular activation sequences at MA12 were as follows: Epi‐LVOT, Endo‐LVOT, and RVOT. In LBBB morphology OT‐VAs, the QRS‐MA12 interval was significantly earlier for LVOT origins than RVOT origins. In the combined cohort of development and validation cohort, a cut‐off value of ≤10 ms predicted the LVOT origin with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 78%. The QRS‐MA12 interval ≤ −24 ms additionally predicted epicardial LVOT sites of origin.ConclusionsThe QRS‐MA interval could accurately differentiate the OT‐VAs localization.
An overview of artificial intelligence based applications for assisting digital data acquisition and implant planning procedures
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Sailer Irena , Kois John C. , Rokhshad Rata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo provide an overview of the current artificial intelligence (AI) based applications for assisting digital data acquisition and implant planning procedures.OverviewA review of the main AI‐based applications integrated into digital data acquisitions technologies (facial scanners (FS), intraoral scanners (IOSs), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices, and jaw trackers) and computer‐aided static implant planning programs are provided.ConclusionsThe main AI‐based application integrated in some FS's programs involves the automatic alignment of facial and intraoral scans for virtual patient integration. The AI‐based applications integrated into IOSs programs include scan cleaning, assist scanning, and automatic alignment between the implant scan body with its corresponding CAD object while scanning. The more frequently AI‐based applications integrated into the programs of CBCT units involve positioning assistant, noise and artifacts reduction, structures identification and segmentation, airway analysis, and alignment of facial, intraoral, and CBCT scans. Some computer‐aided static implant planning programs include patient's digital files, identification, labeling, and segmentation of anatomical structures, mandibular nerve tracing, automatic implant placement, and surgical implant guide design.
Not all sources of uncertainty are worth resolving: A value of information approach for uncertainty reduction in flood risk management
Authors: Velandia Juan , Alfonso Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlood risk management faces challenging decisions to balance between reducing disastrous flood consequences and different societal goals such as development. The inherent complexity and limited data often lead to significant uncertainties in decision‐making, potentially resulting in suboptimal resource allocation. Consequently, there may be value in aiming to reduce uncertainty, minimizing the possibility of selecting deemed efficient decisions because of deficiencies in the current knowledge. To address this, a novel methodology is proposed, integrating Bayesian uncertainty with value of information concepts, commonly employed in healthcare economics. This methodology assesses the implications of current uncertainty and identifies worthwhile sources for resolution prior making decisions. Validation in a synthetic case study and application in a real case (Zapayan wetland in the Magdalena River, Colombia) demonstrate the method's efficacy. Results show that the proposed method can help apprising if the available information is enough to make a decision, or if more information should be obtained. For example, for the synthetic case, resolving the sources of uncertainty with extra information does not significantly improve the expected utility, so a decision could be made based on existing information. For the real case, reducing the uncertainty related to the exposed assets should be targeted first, by an information gathering activity, before deciding.
Children's social–emotional learning as emotional labor: Recognizing children's contributions
Authors: Ruiz Karina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the United States, the dominant contemporary understanding of childhood is one that is cultivated through children's role as dependents, served by adults who are their providers. This framework obscures how children contribute to society through their learning and practice. This paper proposes a reconsideration of children's learning to advance the theoretical conceptualization of emotional labor so that children's contributions can be recognized. To advance an expansion of how adults understand what children's contributions to society are, I frame their social–emotional learning as the practice of emotional labor, not as them simply obtaining the skills of emotional intelligence. In doing so, I advocate for seeing children as more than learners, but also as contributors and producers.
Sestrin2 remedies neuroinflammatory response by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy
Authors: Pan Zhenguo , Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Weiwei , Shen Kai , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Yunfeng , Huang Rongrong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost central nervous diseases are accompanied by astrocyte activation. Autophagy, an important pathway for cells to protect themselves and maintain homeostasis, is widely involved in regulation of astrocyte activation. Reactive astrocytes may play a protective or harmful role in different diseases due to different phenotypes of astrocytes. It is an urgent task to clarify the formation mechanisms of inflammatory astrocyte phenotype, A1 astrocytes. Sestrin2 is a highly conserved protein that can be induced under a variety of stress conditions as a potential protective role in oxidative damage process. However, whether Sestrin2 can affect autophagy and involve in A1 astrocyte conversion is still uncovered. In this study, we reported that Sestrin2 and autophagy were significantly induced in mouse hippocampus after multiple intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, with the elevation of A1 astrocyte conversion and inflammatory mediators. Knockdown Sestrin2 in C8‐D1A astrocytes promoted the levels of A1 astrocyte marker C3 mRNA and inflammatory factors, which was rescued by autophagy inducer rapamycin. Overexpression of Sestrin2 in C8‐D1A astrocytes attenuated A1 astrocyte conversion and reduced inflammatory factor levels via abundant autophagy. Moreover, Sestrin2 overexpression improved mitochondrial structure and morphology. These results suggest that Sestrin2 can suppress neuroinflammation by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy, which is a potential drug target for treating neuroinflammation.image
Impact of primary tumor resection in the management of metastatic well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel and pancreas
Authors: Russo Ashley , DiPeri Timothy , Dumitra Teodora , Tseng Joshua , Pletcher Eric , Justo Monica , Chen Courtney , Nissen Nicholas , Amersi Farin , Gong Jun , Hendifar Andrew , Gangi Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) often present with advanced disease. Primary tumor resection (PTR) in the setting of unresectable metastatic disease is controversial. Most studies evaluating the impact of PTR on overall survival (OS) have been performed using large population‐based databases, with limited treatment related data. This study aims to determine whether PTR improves OS and progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic well‐differentiated GEP‐NET. This is a retrospective single‐institution study of patients with metastatic well‐differentiated GEP‐NET between 1978 and 2021. The primary outcome was OS. The secondary outcome was PFS. Chi‐squared tests and Cox regression were used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses (MVA). OS and PFS were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. Between 1978 and 2021, 505 patients presented with metastatic NET, 151 of whom had well‐differentiated GEP‐NET. PTR was performed in 31 PNET and 77 SBNET patients. PTR was associated with improved median OS for PNET (136 vs. 61 months, p = .003) and SBNET (not reached vs. 79 months, p<.001). On MVA, only higher grade (HR 3.70, 95%CI 1.49–9.17) and PTR (HR 0.21, 95%CI 0.08–0.53) influenced OS. PTR resulted in longer median PFS for patients with SBNET (46 vs. 28 months, p = .03) and a trend toward longer median PFS for patients with PNET (20 vs. 13 months, p = .07). In patients with metastatic well‐differentiated GEP‐NET, PTR is associated with improved OS and may be associated with improved PFS and should be considered in a multidisciplinary setting. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.