bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Municipal sewage sludge dewatering performance enhancement by ultrasonic cavitation and advanced oxidation: A case study
Authors: Sen Tushar Kanti , Mesfin Yeneneh Anteneh , Jafary Tahereh , Al Balushi Khadija , Hong Eugene , Adewole Jimoh K. , Hamed Al Hinai Muna , Shinde Sanjay 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The number of published literature on the effect of ultrasonic cavitation and advanced oxidation pretreatment on the dewatering performance of anaerobically digested sludge is very limited. This study aims at determining the optimum operating conditions of large-scale filtering centrifuges in wastewater treatment plants. The optimum dose of hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic duration, ultrasonic pulse and particle size distribution for improved dewatering performance were determined in this study. In addition, shear stress–shear rate and viscosity–shear rate rheograms were developed to show the rheological flow properties for varying ultrasonic power and treatment duration. Optimum sonication power, time, pulse and amplitude were determined to be 14 W, 1 min, 55/5 and 20%, respectively. At a pH of 6.8, the optimum concentration of hydrogen peroxide was found to be 43.5 g/L. The optimum hydrogen peroxide dose in the combined conditioning experiments was determined to be 500 mg/L at a pH of 3. Under these optimum conditions, capillary suction time was reduced significantly by 71.1%. This study helps to reduce polymer consumption and provides the optimum pretreatment and dewatering operating conditions, and better monitoring and control in the dewatering unit has significant impact in the overall economy of wastewater treatment plants.
Microalgae cultivation trials in a membrane bioreactor operated in heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and phototrophic modes using ammonium-rich wastewater: The study of fouling
Authors: Shamskilani Mehrdad , Masojídek Jiří , Abbasiniasar Mahdi , Ganji Alireza , Shayegane Jalal , Babaei Azadeh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In this work, microalgae cultivation trials were carried out in a membrane bioreactor to investigate fouling when the cultures of Chlorellavulgaris were grown under mixotrophic, heterotrophic, and phototrophic cultivation regimes. The Chlorella cultures were cultivated in wastewater as a source of nutrients that contained a high concentration of ammonium. In mixotrophic cultivation trials, the results showed that the elevated contents of carbohydrates in the soluble microbial product and proteins in extracellular polymeric substances probably initiated membrane fouling. In this case, the highest protein content was also found in extracellular polymeric substances due to the high nitrogen removal rate. Consequently, transmembrane pressure significantly increased compared to the phototrophic and heterotrophic regimes. The data indicated that cake resistance was the main cause of fouling in all cultivations. Higher protein content in the cake layer made the membrane surface more hydrophobic, while carbohydrates had the opposite effect. Compared to a mixotrophic culture, a phototrophic culture had a larger cell size and higher hydrophobicity, leading to less membrane fouling. Based on our previous data, the highest ammonia removal rate was reached in the mixotrophic cultures; nevertheless, membrane fouling appeared to be the fundamental problem.
AÇÃO DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE À HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM UMA LIGA ACADÊMICA DE MEDICINA
Authors: Heidemann Helena Meurer , Rosa Heitor  Fernandes 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma das doenças crônicas de maior prevalência no Brasil, sendo essa, junto a outras doenças crônicas, o focoda atenção das unidades primárias de saúde. Desta maneira atividades de educação em saúde relacionadas à prevenção e combate à HAS são de grande importância para reduzir a incidência dessa doença na população. Objetivo: Nesse sentido, o presente relato possui uma abordagem qualitativa descritiva exploratória, de uma experiência dos membros de uma liga acadêmica de medicina de uma universidade no Sul de Santa Catarina. Metodologia: A abordagem do público se deu através de um projeto social no ambulatório de especialidades médicas da universidade. Nesse projeto, foram distribuídos folders com informações importantes sobre hipertensão além de outras ações, como: esclarecimento de duvidas, distribuição de mudas frutíferas e frutas, aferições de pressão arterial, encaminhamentos para consultas com clínico geral e nutricionista. Resultados: A maioria das pressões arteriais aferidas estava dentro da normalidade, no entanto foram identificados alguns casos de pré-hipertensão e hipertensão ainda não diagnosticados, além de casos em que a pressão arterial estava descompensada mesmo com tratamento farmacológico, incluindo um caso de crise hipertensiva. Conclusões: Conclui-se então, que é necessária a conscientização e educação em saúde das pessoas a respeito do que é a HAS e principalmente como ter uma rotina adequada para a manutenção de uma vida saudável.
Exosomes in Atherosclerosis: Role in the Pathogenesis and Targets for Therapy
Authors: Dabravolski Siarhei , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Glanz Victor , Pleshko Elizaveta , Orekhov Nikolay , Sobenin Igor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an advanced chronic inflammatory
disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. The pathological development
of ASCVD begins with atherosclerosis, characterised by a pathological remodelling
of the arterial wall, lipid accumulation and build-up of atheromatous plaque. As
the disease advances, it narrows the vascular lumen and limits the blood, leading to
ischaemic necrosis in coronary arteries. Exosomes are nano-sized lipid vesicles of different
origins that can carry many bioactive molecules from their parental cells, thus playing
an important role in intercellular communication. The roles of exosomes in atherosclerosis
have recently been intensively studied, advancing our understanding of the underlying
molecular mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce exosome biology
and then focus on the roles of exosomes of different cellular origins in atherosclerosis development
and progression, functional significance of their cargoes and physiological
impact on recipient cells. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes originating from endothelial
cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, platelets,
stem cells, adipose tissue and other sources play an important role in the atherosclerosis
development and progression by affecting cholesterol transport, inflammatory, apoptotic
and other aspects of the recipient cells' metabolism. MicroRNAs are considered the
most significant type of bioactive molecules transported by exosomes and involved in
ASCVD development. Finally, we review the current achievements and limitations associated
with the use of exosomes for the diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.
Recent Advancement in Novel Wound Healing Therapies by Using
Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Humans and Amphibians
Authors: Satapathy Trilochan , Kishore Yugal , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Bhardwaj Shiv Kumar , Gidwani Beena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
The skin is the biggest organ in the human body. It is the first line of protection against
invading pathogens and the starting point for the immune system. The focus of this review is on
the use of amphibian-derived peptides and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the treatment of
wound healing. When skin is injured, a chain reaction begins that includes inflammation, the formation
of new tissue, and remodelling of existing tissue to aid in the healing process. Collaborating
with non-immune cells, resident and recruited immune cells in the skin remove foreign invaders
and debris, then direct the repair and regeneration of injured host tissues. Restoration of
normal structure and function requires the healing of damaged tissues. However, a major issue
that slows wound healing is infection. AMPs are just one type of host-defense chemicals that have
developed in multicellular animals to regulate the immune response and limit microbial proliferation
in response to various types of biological or physical stress. Therefore, peptides isolated from
amphibians represent novel therapeutic tools and approaches for regenerating damaged skin. Peptides
that speed up the healing process could be used as therapeutic lead molecules in future research
into novel drugs. AMPs and amphibian-derived peptides may be endogenous mediators of
wound healing and treat non-life-threatening skin and epithelial lesions. Hence, this article describes
different peptides used in wound healing, theirmethods of preparation, and their routes of
administration.
Structural Insights of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis: An In silico Approach
Authors: Rohit Shishir , Patel Mehul , Jagtap Yogesh , Shah Umang , Patel Ashish , Patel Swayamprakash , Solanki Nilay 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Interaction of PD-1 protein (present on immune T-cell) with its ligand
PD-L1 (over-expressed on cancerous cell) makes the cancerous cell survive and thrive. The association of PD-1/PD-L1 represents a classical protein-protein interaction (PPI), where receptor and ligand binding through a large flat surface. Blocking the PD-1/PDL-1 complex formation can restore the normal immune mechanism, thereby destroying cancerous cells. However, the PD-1/PDL1 interactions are only partially characterized.

Objective:
We aim to comprehend the time-dependent behavior of PD-1 upon its binding with
PD-L1.

Methods:
The current work focuses on a molecular dynamics simulation (MDs) simulation study
of apo and ligand bound PD-1.

Results:
Our simulation reveals the flexible nature of the PD-1, both in apo and bound form.
Moreover, the current study also differentiates the type of strong and weak interactions which
could be targeted to overcome the complex formation.

Conclusion:
The current article could provide a valuable structural insight about the target protein
(PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) which could open new opportunities in developing small molecule
inhibitors (SMIs) targeting either PD-1 or PD-L1.
Recent Trends in the Detection of Alkaloids through Analytical,
Bioanalytical, and Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Sharma Bharat , Bhatia Rohit , Ganti Subrahmanya S , Rangra Naresh K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Alkaloids provide significant health benefits in moderation, but excessive levels can
pose health hazards. They play an important role in the creation of numerous pharmacological
medications, acting as potent antispasmodics, analgesics, and even anti-cancer medicines. A detailed
review of sensitive and accurate alkaloid analytical techniques can be used as a guide for future
analyses of alkaloids in pertinent research. The main aim of this manuscript is to review the
literature on the detection and separation of alkaloids by using various methods like analytical, bioanalytical,
and electrochemical techniques, published during 2018-2023. An in-depth review of
the literature was carried out using a variety of databases, including Web of Knowledge, PubMed,
and Google Scholar. Consulting relevant published materials, including books, was another aspect
of this research. The keywords used in the search were alkaloids, analytical techniques, bio-analytical
techniques, electrochemical techniques, and biosensors. These were carefully examined in
more detail, and significant data and findings were collected and presented using tables. The publication
highlights the significance of advanced chromatographic techniques in the separation and
isolation of alkaloids. It discusses several analytical, bio-analytical, and electrochemical analytical
techniques, which include sensors and biosensors, and adds to the extensive review of alkaloid detection
techniques. Recent advancements and methodologies for improving the knowledge of the
detection and separation of alkaloids are presented in this article, which is beneficial for the researcher
involved in developing analytical methods for alkaloid detection. Current efforts and advanced
analytical approaches for alkaloid detection are given in this manuscript, which is crucial
in favor of improving the health and wellness of society.
Suspected Cutaneous Allergic Reactions with Ayurveda Medicine
Punaranava Mandura: A Case Report
Authors: Roseleena Suhitha , Kholiya Poonam , N Chandan , Barvaliya Manish , Siddhapur Chandrashekhar , Roy Subarna 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
With the increasing use of traditional medicine, there is a need to be
vigilant in identifying and reporting adverse reactions associated with them. Punarnava Mandura
is a commonly used Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of anemia. It is well tolerated by the
patients. To our knowledge, allergic reactions to Punarnava Mandura have not been reported in
the literature. We reported a case of adverse cutaneous reaction, which was probably associated
with Purnarnava Mandura.

Case Presentation:
A 60-year-old female patient developed skin rashes over her neck region
after taking Punarnava Mandura and other drugs for osteoarthritis. She recovered upon
withdrawal of all the medicines and treatment with anti-allergic drugs. The patient re-initiated
treatment for joint pain except for Punarnava Mandura and completed the course without a
recurrence of the event making the Punarnava Mandura the culprit drug.

Conclusion:
Punarnava Mandura may cause allergic reactions, and clinicians should keep such
adverse reactions in mind when using traditional medicine and report them to increase the scientific literature in this area.
Differential Effects in the Subsystems of the Salience Network in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mantonakis Leonidas , Karavasilis Efstratios , Dimitrakopoulos Stefanos , Poulou Loukia S , Velonakis Georgios , Kelekis Nikolaos , Smyrnis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2024

Background
Recent studies have identified links between schizophrenia and abnormalities in the brain's salience network, a crucial system with primary hubs in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex. This network is divided into two subsystems: the dorsal salience network, which processes sensory information and allocates attention to self-generated or external sensory stimuli, and the ventral salience network, associated with processing the emotional valence of stimuli sensations.

Methods
This pilot study analyzed the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 14 schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy controls. We focused on the functional connectivity within the salience network's dorsal and ventral subsystems, particularly between the dorsal anterior insula and frontoparietal areas, and the ventral anterior insula and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.

Results
The analysis revealed that schizophrenia patients displayed weaker connectivity within the dorsal salience network, notably between the dorsal anterior insula and frontoparietal areas. In contrast, these patients demonstrated increased connectivity within the ventral salience system, especially between the ventral anterior insula and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight that disruptions in the salience network in schizophrenia vary depending on the type of information being processed. This variance underscores the complexity of the disorder and the specific challenges it poses to the brain's ability to process and prioritize information.
Smart Seizure Detection System: Machine Learning Based Model in Healthcare IoT
Authors: Rana Naresh , Thakur Tanishk , Jain Shruti 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Epilepsy, the tendency to have recurrent seizures, can have various
causes, including brain tumors, genetics, stroke, brain injury, infections, and developmental disorders.
Epileptic seizures are usually transient events. They normally leave no trace after the postictal
recovery period has passed.

Aims:
An electroencephalogram (EEG) can only detect brain activity during the recording. It
will be detected if an epileptogenic focus or generalized abnormality is active during the recording.

Objective:
This work demonstrated a smart seizure detection system for Healthcare IoT, which is
a challenging problem of EEG data analysis.

Method:
The study suggested an integrated methodology in recognition of the drawbacks of
manual identification and the significant negative effects of uncontrollable seizures on patients'
lives.

Result:
The research shows remarkable accuracy, up to 100% in some experiments, by combining
classifier ensembles like Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine
with different signal processing techniques like Discrete Wavelet Transform, Hjorth Parameters,
and statistical features. The results were compared using the kNN classifier, other datasets and
other state-of-the-art techniques.

Conclusion:
Healthcare IoT is further utilized by the methodology, which takes a comprehensive
approach using classifier ensembles and signal processing approaches resulting in real-time data
to help them make better decisions. This demonstrates how well the suggested method works for
smart seizure detection, which is a crucial development for better patient outcomes.
Laboratory, Clinical, and Para-clinical Symptoms of Children with Covid-19: A Gender-based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nazari Javad , Kahbazi Manijeh , Taherahmadi Hassan , Amini Saeed , Zamanian Maryam , Sattari Kosar , Chazani-Sharahi Nahid , Ghafoury Roya , Naghshbandi Mobin 
Published: May 2024

Background
Children show milder symptoms of COVID-19 with lower mortality rates. The manifestation of COVID-19 in the pediatric population is an understudied topic. Our aim was to investigate the clinical and para-clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children in the Central province of Iran.

Materials and Methods
We investigated the clinical and para-clinical manifestations of children referred to all hospitals in the Central Province of Iran from March 2019 to June 2020.

Results
We surveyed 96 pediatric patients hospitalized in hospitals in the Central Province of Iran. The average age of the patients was 110 months. 53% of patients (51 people) were male. The analysis did not show a significant relationship between the laboratory results and the gender of the patients.

Conclusion
Male and female pediatric patients had the same condition in terms of clinical manifestations, laboratory results and antibiotic use.
A Brief Overview on Luminescent Recognition and Chemosensing of Carbonate
Ion
Authors: Pandey Abhilash , Banjara Dishen Kumar , Dutta Srishti , Sahu Devanand , Sharma Vanshika , Patra Goutam Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Aim::
Despite the recent development of chromatographic and fluorogenic anions sensors, the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid and
subsequent transformation into carbonates and bicarbonate are harmful to the environment and the health of living creatures. This is why
luminescence-based detection techniques are getting a lot of interest right now.

Background::
Despite the recent intention to create a naphthalene and triazole hybrid probe, ortho phenyl diamine (O-PDA) and two different aldehyeds have
been used in the present to successfully synthesize new fluorescent and colorimetric derivatives (AB). Aqueous solutions include colorimetrically
detectable carbonate ions. Additionally, we describe the creation and characterization of DHMC (7,8-dihydroxy-3-(4-methylphenyl)coumarin), a
new coumarin-based molecule that responds to the carbonate ion in water and acetonitrile in terms of emission turn-on and naked-eye
observability.

Object::
As part of current research, a 2:1 condensate of benzildihydrazone and syringaldehyde is being processed for the detection of carbonate ions in
aqueous solution.

Methods::
A luminescent lanthanide MOF-based thin film [{[Eu(HBPTC)(H2O)2]·2DMF}n ] (BPTC = benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylate) is
successfully fabricated by electrodepositing in an anhydride system and new receptors as PDZ-1, PDZ-2, PDZ- 3 based on 2-(aryldenehydrazinyl)
pyridine have been designed and for the detection of biologically and environmentally important ions. Moreover, fluorescent-colorimetric
chemosensor which is based on a Schiff base for visual detection of CO3
2- in an aqueous solution

Results::
Many experiments were done to detect carbonate ions through various methods by using chemosensors like novel bis Schiff base, All these
methods are eco-friendly, easy to synthesize, cost-effective, naked eye detectors, and have response towards absorbance and fluorescence intensity.
It has a high binding association with carbonates. It has reversibility property. On the basis of the study and results, receptors may be useful as a
valuable practical sensor for environmental analyses of carbonate.

Conclusion::
Detection of carbonate ions through various methods by using chemosensor like novel bis Schiff base is important for product quantity control and
widely used in many daily basis products like cosmetics, glass, rayon, rubber, plastic, paper, printing ink, toothpaste and food. It has applications in
therapeutic settings as well as in the fields of soil science, hydrology, and geology. Due to the hazardous effects of these, which might include
death, collapse, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort, it is also necessary to discover them. All of these techniques respond to absorbance
and fluorescence intensity, are cost-effective, easy to synthesize, and visible to the naked eye.
Structural Insights into Potent Anti-ulcer Agents for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Sambhaji Misal Snehal , Balasaheb Bhor Vedant , Subramanian Chelakara Ramaa 
Published: May 2024

:
Helicobacter pylori is the primary bacterium in the development of gastric cancer;
thus, its eradication for the prevention and management of peptic ulcers is of utmost importance.
Most primary or unexplained peptic ulcers are brought on by Helicobacter pylori infection,
which also causes chronic inflammation. The lack of therapeutic compliance, antibiotic resistance,
and the breakdown of antibiotics at gastric pH all contribute to the current eradication
rates. Therefore, a recent area of focus is the hunt for novel therapeutics with great selectivity
against H. pylori.

:
This review focuses on elucidating the landscape of anti-H. pylori compounds derived from
both synthetic drug design programs and natural sources. Emphasis is placed on understanding
the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and their mechanisms of action.

:
Furthermore, the potential of drug repurposing strategies to combat H. pylori infection is explored.
By providing a comprehensive overview of major classes of anti-H. pylori compounds,
this study aims to guide the development of new medications for the treatment of Helicobacter
pylori infection. Ultimately, this review highlights promising avenues for future research and
therapeutic interventions in the management of H. pylori -associated gastric cancer.