bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A localized meshless approach for modeling spatial–temporal calcium dynamics in ventricular myocytes
Authors: Yao Guangming , Yu Zeyun 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYSpatial–temporal calcium dynamics due to calcium release, buffering and re‐uptaking plays a central role in studying excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling in both normal and diseased cardiac myocytes. In this paper, we employ a meshless method, namely, the local radial basis function collocation method (LRBFCM), to model such calcium behaviors by solving a nonlinear system of reaction–diffusion partial differential equations. In particular, a simplified structural unit containing a single transverse tubule (T‐tubule) and its surrounding half sarcomeres is investigated using the meshless method. Numerical results are compared with those generated by finite element methods, showing the capability and efficiency of the LRBFCM in modeling calcium dynamics in ventricular myocytes. The single T‐tubule model is also extended to the whole‐cell scale with T‐tubules excluded to demonstrate the scalability of the proposed meshless method in handling very large domains. The experiments have shown that the LRBFCM is suitable to multiscale modeling of calcium dynamics in ventricular myocytes with high accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harmonious color model with fragrances
Authors: Miura Kumiko , Saito Miho 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to create a harmonious color model with fragrance, depending on the similarity of impressions from the color and the fragrance. This study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1, our objective was to extract dimensions in fragrance impressions and consider harmonious/disharmonious colors with each fragrance. One hundred subjects were asked to evaluate their impression of eight fragrances (by the Semantic Differencial method) and to select harmonious colors and disharmonious colors with each fragrance from color chart consisted of 18 colors. By factor analysis, MILD factor and CLEAR factor were extracted for the dimensions of fragrance impressions. Also, by multiple regression analysis, we could construct predictive formulas of harmonious/disharmonious color for fragrance. Experiment 2, we confirmed the predictive formulas in Experiment 1 reversibly. We asked 80 subjects to evaluate their impressions, degree of MILD and CLEAR, of 15 fragrances by the Visual Analog Scale. Subjects were also asked to select harmonious colors and disharmonious colors with each fragrance from 18‐color chart. To calculate the predictive rates of selection of harmonious/disharmonious colors with each fragrance, we applied the MILD and CLEAR scores of 15 fragrances to the predictive formulas in Experiment 1. We also calculated the correlation coefficient between those predictive rates and the actual rates of selection of harmonious/disharmonious colors that we get in Experiment 2. As a result, we found that the predictive formulas were quite accurate in most cases, suggesting that it is possible to develop a harmonious color model for fragrance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
DENEB: a platform for the development and execution of interoperable dynamic Web processes
Authors: Fabra J. , Álvarez P. , Bañares J.A. , Ezpeleta J. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYService‐oriented computing provides a suitable technological foundation for developing and executing dynamic business processes. However, most current approaches for composition languages and architectures for dynamic process integration do not provide the flexibility and dynamism required by interorganisational evolving environments. In this work, the DENEB platform for the development and execution of Web processes is presented. DENEB is based on the conversational approach and the Nets‐within‐Nets paradigm, allowing Web processes to acquire and execute new interaction protocols at run‐time. This makes DENEB a well‐adapted and flexible platform for dynamic service composition, interaction and integration, suitable for this kind of scenario. The scalability of the proposed solution is evaluated by means of the development of a set of experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating frame structure design in WiMAX relay networks
Authors: Taha Abd‐Elhamid M. , Kolomitro Pandeli , Hassanein Hossam , Abu Ali Najah 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper evaluates the effect of the choice of frame structure type in WiMAX networks employing non‐transparent relay stations (ntRS). The IEEE 802.16j‐2009 amendment allows two frame structure types, single frame and multiframe. Thus far, a comparison of the two choices, in terms of network performance, has not been made. To facilitate this evaluation, we expanded on light WiMAX ns2 add‐on to support ntRS, the two‐frame structure types, in addition to the relevant operational requirements (e.g. QoS support). We observed that whereas the multi‐frame structure allows for higher throughput and voice capacities, the single frame shows some general advantage in terms of delay. A serious need exists, however, for schedulers that exploit the advantages of a dynamic multi‐frame structure in order to realize its full potential. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelization and performance comparison of the conjugate gradient equation solver on multicore Cell and Xeon computers
Authors: Sibai Fadi N. , Saad Mohammad , Kidwai Hashir K. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYMulticore accelerators are used today to supplement traditional superscalar processors in massively parallel computer nodes with extra floating‐point computation power. This paper presents our parallelization and performance enhancement and evaluation of the conjugate gradient (CG) linear equation solver with enhanced matrix multiplication on the Cell Broadband Engine accelerator. The paper also compares the CG performance results on the Cell and two CG implementations on a computer with two quadcore Xeon processors, one with OpenMP and the other with OpenMPI. We also report the enhancements made on the CG code and performance analysis of CG on single and dual Cell Broadband Engine packages with 8 and 16 synergistic processing elements and on Xeon for heptadiagonal matrices, in particular to matrix multiplication and synchronization. We also report the communication and computation time breakdowns and the floating point operations per second ratio. Our parallel CG solver is shown to scale well with data size, grid dimensionality, and number of cores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of mutations by flow cytometric melting point analysis of PCR products
Authors: Imre László , Balogh István , Kappelmayer János , Szabó Miklós , Melegh Béla , Wanker Erich , Szabó Gábor 
Published: July 2011

AbstractExploring the possibilities offered by flow cytometric microbead analyses for the detection of genetic alterations, an assay based on the dependence of the melting point of double‐stranded DNA molecules on their length has been developed, making use of PCR products carrying biotin and fluorescent moiety on their two ends. The samples of different length PCR products immobilized on streptavidine coated microbeads are heat‐treated in the presence of formamide at temperatures between the melting point of the longer and that of the shorter PCR product, when the mean fluorescence intensity of the beads carrying the shorter molecules decreases as a result of denaturation, as opposed to the sample containing the longer product. The efficacy and sensitivity of the method is demonstrated in the case of the assessment of the degree of triplet expansion in Huntington's disease. Its utility for the detection of point mutations in heterozygous clinical samples is shown in the case of the BRCA1 gene. The assay is simple and may be offered for the purposes of clinical diagnostics of a number of genetic conditions. These include screening of samples for triplet expansions and SNPs predisposing for particular pathological or pharmacogenomic conditions. In general, the method described herein is offered for the diagnosis of any pathological condition where the length of a genomic or cDNA sequence is expected to be different from that of the normal allele. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A new security model to prevent denial‐of‐service attacks and violation of availability in wireless networks
Authors: Malekzadeh Mina , Ghani Abdul Azim Abdul , Subramaniam Shamala 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWireless networks are deployed in many critical areas, such as health care centers, hospitals, police departments, and airports. In these areas, communication through the networks plays a vital role, and real‐time connectivity along with constant availability of the networks is highly important. However, one of the most serious threats against the networks availability is the denial‐of‐service attacks. In wireless networks, clear text form of control frames is a security flaw that can be exploited by the attackers to bring the wireless networks to a complete halt. To prevent the denial‐of‐service attacks against the wireless networks, we propose two distinct security models. The models are capable of preventing the attacks by detecting and discarding the forgery control frames belonging to the attackers. The models are implemented and evaluated under various experiments and trials. The results have proved that the proposed models significantly improve the security performance of the wireless networks. This gives advantage of safe communication that can substantially enhance the network availability while maintaining the quality of the network performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecohydrology in practice: strengths, conveniences, and opportunities
Authors: King Elizabeth G. , Caylor Kelly K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFifteen years after the term ‘ecohydrology’ came into use to describe integrative research spanning the two parent disciplines, we discuss methodological traditions of the parent disciplines and assess trends in the methodologies utilized in the young hybrid field of ecohydrology. In particular, we explore whether the marriage between the disciplines is built on a marriage of methodological strengths from the parent fields or a marriage of convenient arenas of methodological overlap. In surveying 267 research articles from January 1996 to June 2010, we found that very few studies integrated the strongest methodological approaches from both parent disciplines. Hydrological strengths in the form of modelling studies are much more prevalent than ecological strengths of manipulative experimentation and hypothesis testing, and the two approaches are almost entirely decoupled in ecohydrological studies. Thus, there remains great opportunity to leverage the strengths of ecological and hydrological traditions to more aggressively build our understanding of coupled ecological and hydrological system functions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal lung immune responses show a shift of cytokines and transcription factors toward Th2 and a deficit in conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Roux Xavier , Remot Aude , Petit‐Camurdan Agnès , Nahori Marie‐Anne , Kiefer‐Biasizzo Hélène , Marchal Gilles , Lagranderie Micheline , Riffault Sabine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe high incidence of lung‐damaging life‐threatening respiratory infections in infants may be related to the immaturity of their immune systems. To determine whether lung immune features differ in early life compared with those in adulthood, whole lung as well as lung T lymphocyte and DC responses were investigated in BALB/c neonates versus adults. Higher expression of GATA‐3 and rapid and sustained production of type 2 cytokines by lung explants after in vitro exposure to anti‐CD3 was the hallmark of the neonatal period, suggestive of a Th2 bias. Neonatal lung GATA‐3‐producing cells were identified as CD3+, CD4 and CD8 double‐negative T lymphocytes, a subset found at a higher frequency in neonatal than adult lung. The neonatal lungs contained fewer conventional DCs, with a lower ratio of CD103+ to CD11b+ DCs, and a much lower number of plasmacytoid DCs in comparison with adult lungs. Yet, when stimulated in vivo by BCG, neonatal lung DCs matured and primed adult naïve CD4+ T cells toward Th1 as efficiently as adult BCG‐primed lung DCs. Conversely, both adult and neonatal BCG‐primed lung DCs induced a Th2 cytokine response from neonatal naïve lymph node T cells, suggestive of an intrinsic feature of neonatal T lymphocytes.
Generation of anti‐inflammatory adenosine byleukocytes is regulated by TGF‐β
Authors: Regateiro Frederico S. , Howie Duncan , Nolan Kathleen F. , Agorogiannis Eleftherios I. , Greaves David R. , Cobbold Stephen P. , Waldmann Herman 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLevels of anti‐inflammatory extracellular adenosine are controlled by the sequential action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, whose expression in CD4+ T cells has been associated with natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). We here show that CD73 expression on activated murine CD4+ T cells is induced by TGF‐β independently of Foxp3 expression, operates at the transcriptional level and translates into gain of functional capacity to generate adenosine. In the presence of AMP, CD73 induced by TGF‐β generates adenosine able to suppress proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells in vitro. These effects are contextual and opposed by proinflammatory cytokines. CD73 is also upregulated by TGF‐β in CD8+ T cells, DCs and macrophages, so providing an amplification mechanism for adenosine generation in tissue microenvironments. Together, these findings expose a novel anti‐inflammatory role for TGF‐β.
Solvothermal Treatment of Triangular Molybdenum(IV) Oxo Species – A New Approach for the Synthesis of New Molybdenum Oxo Clusters
Authors: Zhao Jun , Xu Li 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn unprecedented solvothermal treatment of triangular molybdenum oxo clusters K2[Mo3O4(Hnta)3] (1, nta = nitrilotriacetate) and H2bipy[Mo3O4(C2O4)3(H2O)3] (2, bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) was successfully established to prepare a series of new oligonuclear Mo(IV–VI) oxo clusters 3–5. Hydrothermal treatment of 1 in aqueous solution produced the hexanuclear cluster [MoIV6O10(bpy)4(Hnta)2]·10H2O (3, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine). Solvothermal oxidation of 2 was performed in pyridine (py) to yield the unprecedented decanuclear mixed‐valent oxo cluster [MoIV6MoVI4O24py8]·py (4). The further oxidized product [MoV8MoVI2O26py8]·2py (5) was obtained from a reaction at a higher temperature and for a longer duration. Clusters 3–5 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and UV/VIS and IR spectroscopy.
Reactive and Organosoluble SnO2 Nanoparticles by a Surfactant‐Free Non‐Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Aboulaich Abdelhay , Boury Bruno , Mutin P. Hubert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReactive SnO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a simple non‐hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis in CH2Cl2 at 110 °C by using SnCl4 as a precursor and diisopropyl ether (iPr2O) as an oxygen donor. The SnO2 nanocrystals, with a diameter of about 4 nm, formed stable sols in organic aprotic solvents in the absence of any surfactant or coordinating agent. The lack of aggregation has been attributed to the presence of Cl and OiPr surface groups instead of OH groups. These surface groups render the nanoparticles reactive towards hydroxylated surfaces, as shown by their reaction with an oxidized silicon wafer; the nanoparticles bind uniformly across the wafer to form a monolayer.
Response surface methodology for the optimization of the electrochemical degradation of phenol on Pb/Pbo2 electrode
Authors: Yahiaoui I. , Aissani‐Benissad F. , Fourcade F. , Amrane A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of phenol on Pb/PbO2 electrode was carried out in order to develop a predictive model. A central composite design (CCD) was employed for the screening of significant operating parameters and to identify their most relevant interactions. The model equation obtained led to a classification of these parameters based on their level of significance, namely the current density, the temperature, the initial phenol concentration, and the agitation speed. In addition, three relevant interactions were found, current density—temperature, initial phenol concentration—current density and initial phenol concentration—temperature. After performing a screening of the various factors, response surface analysis led to the following optimal conditions for the yield of phenol degradation: 189 ≤ [pOH]0 ≤ 200 mg L−1, 19.66 ≤ i ≤ 25 mA cm−2, 600 rpm, and 60°C for the initial phenol concentration, the current density, the agitation speed, and the temperature , respectively. Under these conditions, the obtained phenol degradation yield was 71% and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced more than 45%. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
The Megadeltas of Asia: interlinkage of land and sea, and human development
Authors: Chen Zhongyuan , Saito Yoshiki 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis special issue describes research arising from the megadelta project of the Asia‐Pacific‐Networks (APN), undertaken between 2004 and 2009 (www.megadelta.ecnu.edu.cn). Numerous delta‐coast scientists from more than 20 countries were involved in the project concerned with developing our knowledge of land–estuarine–coastal interactions in megadeltas, and with fusing this knowledge with societal development and management. Project workshops were held in Bangkok (2004), Ho Chi Minh City (2005), Dhaka (2007) and Shanghai (2008) with over 500 participants. The main objectives of the project were: (1) development of regional databases; (2) understanding of delta formation and associated fluxes between land and sea; (3) knowledge transfer and building research capacity; and (4) understanding how better social management might follow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical analysis of a class of generalized Boussinesq‐type equations using continuous/discontinuous FEM
Authors: Lopes N.D. , Pereira P.J.S. , Trabucho L. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAn improved class of Boussinesq systems of an arbitrary order using a wave surface elevation and velocity potential formulation is derived. Dissipative effects and wave generation due to a time‐dependent varying seabed are included. Thus, high‐order source functions are considered. For the reduction of the system order and maintenance of some dispersive characteristics of the higher‐order models, an extra O(μ2n+2) term (n  ∈  ℕ) is included in the velocity potential expansion. We introduce a nonlocal continuous/discontinuous Galerkin FEM with inner penalty terms to calculate the numerical solutions of the improved fourth‐order models. The discretization of the spatial variables is made using continuous P2 Lagrange elements. A predictor‐corrector scheme with an initialization given by an explicit Runge–Kutta method is also used for the time‐variable integration. Moreover, a CFL‐type condition is deduced for the linear problem with a constant bathymetry. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we considered several test cases. Improved stability is achieved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled Navier–Stokes/molecular dynamics simulations in nonperiodic domains based on particle forcing
Authors: Steijl R. , Barakos G. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on coupling methods for hybrid Navier–Stokes/molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The computational domain is split in a continuum flow region, where a finite‐volume discretisation of the Navier–Stokes equations is used, and one or more particle domains, where molecular level modelling of the flow is employed. The domains are defined with a partial overlap, in which the flow states are coupled through an exchange of the velocity components. For the steady flows considered, an under‐relaxed Newton iteration method is used to drive the coupled system to convergence. The main focus of the present work is on methods to impose nonperiodic boundary conditions on the particle domain(s). A particle forcing is applied in the direction normal to the particle domain boundary to impose the boundary normal velocity component. A novel aspect of the present work is the extension of this method to more general nonplanar particle domain boundaries. The main contribution of the paper is the development of a particle forcing method in the direction tangential to the domain boundary, which is based on the equivalent continuum‐flow boundary shear stresses along with an iterative forcing strength adjustment based on the extrapolated particle boundary velocity. Furthermore, an adaptation scheme is presented, which uses the finite‐volume flux residuals of the particle bin averaged velocity field as a truncation criterion for the iterative force‐update scheme. It is demonstrated that by comparing the residual reduction for the momentum equation in the nonhomogeneous directions during the molecular dynamics simulations with that for a homogeneous direction, the forcing iteration at which the statistical noise in the velocity field dominates the uncertainty in the forcing strength can be determined. At this point the iteration can be truncated. It is shown that with adaptive schemes of this type, the total number of MD evaluations required in a coupled Navier–Stokes/MD simulation can be reduced relative to a hybrid scheme with a fixed number of forcing‐strength updates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validating the URANS shear stress transport γ −Reθ model for low‐Reynolds‐number external aerodynamics
Authors: Counsil J. N. N. , Goni Boulama K. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA numerical investigation on low‐Reynolds‐number external aerodynamics was conducted using the transitional unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes shear stress transport γ −Reθ model and the ANSYS‐CFX computational fluid dynamics suite. The NACA 0012 airfoil was exposed to chord‐based Reynolds numbers of 5.0 ×104, 1.0 ×105 and 2.5 ×105 at 0°, 4°and 8°angles of attack. Time‐averaged and instantaneous flow features were extracted and compared with fully turbulent shear stress transport results, XFLR5 panel e N method results, and published higher order numerical and experimental studies. The current model was shown to reproduce the complex flow phenomena, including the laminar separation bubble dynamics and aerodynamic performance, with a very good degree of accuracy. The sensitivity of the model to domain size, grid resolution and quality, timestepping scheme, and free‐stream turbulence intensity was also presented. In view of the results obtained, the proposed model is deemed appropriate for modelling low‐Reynolds‐number external aerodynamics and provides a framework for future studies for the better understanding of this complex flow regime. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.