bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the pozzolanic activity and hydration products of cement pastes with addition of natural zeolites
Authors: Lilkov V. , Petrov O. , Petkova V. , Petrova N. , Tzvetanova Y. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper presents results from comparative thermogravimetric, calorimetric and pozzolanic activity analyses of five natural zeolite samples from Bulgaria, Slovakia, Philippines, USA and North Korea. The zeolites actively participate in the hydration processes of cement. Their activity in the early stage of hydration is based mainly on the large surface area of the particles while, in the later stages of activation, chemical reactions occur between the products of the hydration of cement and the soluble SiO2 that is present in the bulk of the zeolites. It has been shown that in all cement pastes which contain zeolite additives, the quantity of portlandite is lower than that in pure cement paste or is even totally absent. The amounts of hydration products are greater when 30% zeolite is used than when 10% zeolite is added (excluding the sample with chabazite). The lowest pozzolanic activity is shown by chabazite, which possessed the lowest SiO2/Al2O2 ratio.
Polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotics at the time of discharge from acute psychiatric wards
Authors: Tungaraza Tongeji E. , Zahid Uzma , Venkataramaiah Bhanumurthy 
Published: August 2011

Aims and methodTo determine the extent of prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotics at the time of discharge from an acute psychiatric ward. Copies of discharge summaries for patients between the ages of 18 and 65 were examined; only those that had antipsychotic medications at the time of discharge were included. Names and doses of antipsychotics and all other medications concurrently prescribed were recorded.ResultsA total of 651 discharge summaries were included in the study. Nearly a quarter of individuals were discharged on one antipsychotic as the only medication to take home; only 6.8% were discharged on a high-dose antipsychotic and of those on combinations 59.6% were on depot medications. Combining antipsychotics significantly predicted the use of high dose.Clinical implicationsMost patients were discharged on doses of antipsychotics within the British National Formulary limits; however, a small proportion is still sent home on high doses of antipsychotics. Combining antipsychotics remains the strongest predictor of high-dose antipsychotic use; clinicians need to be aware of this.
Combined Testing of High-Sensitivity Troponin T and Copeptin on Presentation at Prespecified Cutoffs Improves Rapid Rule-Out of Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Giannitsis Evangelos , Kehayova Tzveta , Vafaie Mehrshad , Katus Hugo A 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND
Two recent clinical trials showed that adding copeptin to a conventional cardiac troponin assay improved diagnostic performance for patients with chest pain early after symptom onset. We prospectively tested whether copeptin adds information to that provided by a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hscTnT) assay in the early evaluation of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction, particularly non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI).

METHODS
We enrolled 503 patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and onset of chest pain occurring within the previous 12 h. Copeptin was measured on presentation, and hscTnT was measured serially at baseline and after 3 and 6 h. We used ROC curve analysis and likelihood ratio χ2 statistics for nested models. Diagnostic sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for admission values of copeptin alone, hscTnT alone, and the combination of both markers.

RESULTS
For ruling out non-STEMI (after excluding STEMI), an hscTnT concentration &lt;14 ng/L (99th percentile) plus a copeptin concentration &lt;14 pmol/L yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.7% (95% CI, 91.9%–99.7%), an NPV of 99.03% (95% CI, 96.6%–99.9%), a diagnostic specificity of 55.9% (95% CI, 50.6%–61.0%), and a PPV of 34.4% (95% CI, 28.5%–40.7%). ROC curve analysis of the continuous biomarker values on admission demonstrated no added value of using this marker combination for ruling out non-STEMI when hscTnT was used as the standard for diagnosing non-STEMI.

CONCLUSIONS
A strategy using copeptin with hscTnT at prespecified cutoffs improves the ruling out of non-STEMI, compared with using hscTnT alone; thus, this strategy could help to obviate a prolonged stay in the emergency department.
Localization of osteopontin and osterix in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Kim Byung-In , Jue Seong-Suk , Park Jae Hyun , Shin Je-Won 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the localization of osteopontin (OPN) and osterix in periodontal tissue during experimental tooth movement with heavy force in rats.Materials and Methods:Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to create a 100 g mesial force to the maxillary first molars. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, histological changes in periodontium were examined by immunohistochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OPN, and osterix.Results:PCNA-positive cells were found close to the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. OPN-positive cells were observed along the cementing line of the cementum and bone on both sides and also were visible along with newly formed fibers in the periodontal ligament on the tension side. Osterix-positive cells were strongly detected on the surface of the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides.Conclusions:During tooth movement, periodontal remodeling occurs on both sides. These results indicate that OPN and osterix may play an important role of differentiation and osteoblasts and cementoblasts matrix formation during periodontal tissue remodeling.
Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for the retrieval of cystic and urethral calculi in dogs and cats: 27 cases (2006–2008)
Authors: Runge Jeffrey J. , Berent Allyson C. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Weisse Chick 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To describe the use of transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for the retrieval of cystic and urethral calculi and to report the outcome in dogs and cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—23 dogs and 4 cats.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, procedure time, stone number, stone location, pre- and postoperative radiographs, procedure-associated complications, and short-term outcome. A ventral midline approach was made into the abdomen over the urinary bladder apex. A screw cannula was inserted at the bladder apex for normograde rigid and flexible cystourethroscopy. All uroliths were removed via a stone basket device and retrograde flushing and suction. Long-term follow-up (1 year after surgery) information was obtained by telephone or e-mail contact with owners.
Results—27 animals with cystic and urethral calculi were included. Median patient weight was 8.3 kg (18.3 lb; range, 1.8 to 42.6 kg [4.0 to 93.7 lb]). Urolith number ranged from 1 to > 35 (median, 7). Urolith size ranged from < 1 to 30 mm (median, 4.5 mm). Fifteen of the 27 animals had a previous cystotomy (range, 1 to 5 procedures). Median procedure time was 66 minutes (range, 50 to 80 minutes). All patients were discharged within 24 hours. No postoperative complications were reported at the time of suture removal. At the time of long-term follow-up, the 22 clients that could be contacted were satisfied with the procedure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy may decrease the need for urethrotomy, serial transurethral endoscopic procedures, and abdominal insufflation associated with other minimally invasive interventions currently available. This procedure also provided excellent visualization for bladder and urethral luminal inspection.
Clinical features and epidemiology of cryptococcosis in cats and dogs in California: 93 cases (1988–2010)
Authors: Trivedi Sameer R. , Sykes Jane E. , Cannon Matthew S. , Wisner Erik R. , Meyer Wieland , Sturges Beverly K. , Dickinson Peter J. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare clinical features of cryptococcosis among cats and dogs in California, determine whether the distribution of involved tissues differs from distribution reported previously in a study in southeastern Australia, and identify Cryptococcus spp isolated from the study population.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—62 cats and 31 dogs with cryptococcosis.
Procedures—Medical records of cats and dogs with cryptococcosis were reviewed. Information collected included geographic location, species, signalment, and tissues or organs involved. Cryptococcosis was confirmed via serology, cytology, histology, or microbial culture, and molecular typing was performed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine significant associations among variables. Other comparisons were evaluated via χ2 or unpaired t tests.
Results—American Cocker Spaniels were overrepresented, compared with other dog breeds. Serum cryptococcal antigen test results were positive in 51 of 53 cats and 15 of 18 dogs tested. Cryptococcus gattii was more commonly detected in cats (7/9 for which species identification was performed), and Cryptococcus neoformans was more commonly detected in dogs (6/8). Six of 7 C gattii isolates from cats were molecular type VGIII. Distribution of involved tissues was different between cats and dogs in California and between populations of the present study and those of the previously reported Australian study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Strains of Cryptococcus spp appeared to have host specificity in dogs and cats. Differences in lesion distribution between geographic locations may reflect strain differences or referral bias. Antigen assays alone may not be sufficient for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in cats and dogs.
Bladder inversion and secondary hematuria in a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Adin Christopher A. , Chew Dennis J. , Heng Hock Gan , Townsend Katy L. , Karnik Ketaki 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 6-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was admitted for evaluation of intermittent clinical signs of hematuria and inappropriate urination for the past 2 months.
Clinical Findings—Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a multilayered mass in the urinary bladder apex consistent with full-thickness invagination of the bladder wall.
Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory surgery was performed, and partial inversion of the urinary bladder was confirmed. The invaginated bladder apex was manually reduced, and partial cystectomy was performed to remove the invaginated section of bladder wall. Histologic findings were consistent with vascular congestion and edema secondary to partial invagination. Bacterial culture of a section of the bladder mucosa demonstrated concurrent bacterial urinary tract infection. Clinical signs resolved following surgical resection of the bladder apex and antimicrobial treatment for the concurrent urinary tract infection.
Clinical Relevance—Partial invagination of the urinary bladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cats with clinical signs of hematuria, stranguria, and inappropriate urination. A diagnosis may be made on the basis of detection of invaginated tissue in the bladder apex during abdominal ultrasonography.
Comparison of three point-of-care blood glucose meters for use in adult and juvenile alpacas
Authors: Tennent-Brown Brett S. , Koenig Amie , Williamson Lisa H. , Boston Raymond C. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare the performance of 3 point-of-care glucose meters in adult and juvenile alpacas with that of a laboratory-based analyzer.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—35 adult alpacas and 21 juvenile alpacas.
Procedures—Whole blood samples obtained via jugular venipuncture were tested with all 3 point-of-care glucose meters; plasma samples were also tested with 1 of those meters. Glucose concentrations determined by use of the point-of-care meters were compared with results from the laboratory-based analyzer.
Results—Plasma glucose concentrations determined by use of the laboratory-based analyzer ranged from 36 to 693 mg/dL. Over the entire range of glucose concentrations tested, the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (agreement) was significant and excellent for all comparisons. Concordance decreased for 1 glucometer when testing whole blood samples over a narrower range of glucose concentrations (50 to 200 mg/dL). Bias was typically small (< 10 mg/dL) for 3 of the 4 comparisons but considerable for 1 meter with the use of whole blood. The limits of agreement were wide for all comparisons over the entire range of glucose concentrations tested but decreased to within acceptable limits when the narrower glucose range (50 to 200 mg/dL) was analyzed for 3 of the comparisons. For samples with a PCV < 25%, bias and the limits of agreement were greater for one of the meters tested.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Discrepancies between point-of-care glucose meters and reference techniques can be considerable in alpacas, emphasizing the importance of assessing individual meter performance in a target population.
Technique of cervicothoracic junction pedicle subtraction osteotomy for cervical sagittal imbalance: report of 11 cases
Authors: Deviren Vedat , Scheer Justin K. , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectSagittal imbalance of the cervicothoracic spine often causes severe pain and loss of horizontal gaze. Historically, the Smith-Peterson osteotomy has been used to restore sagittal balance. Cervicothoracic junction pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) offers more controlled closure and greater biomechanical stability but has been infrequently reported in the literature. This study details the cervicothoracic PSO technique in 11 cases and correlates clinical kyphosis (chin-brow to vertical angle [CBVA]) with radiographic measurements.MethodsBetween February 2008 and September 2010, 11 patients (mean age 70 years) underwent a modified PSO (10 at C-7, 1 at T-1) for treatment of sagittal imbalance. Preoperative and postoperative sagittal plane radiographic measurements were made. The CBVA was measured on clinical photographs. Operative technique and perioperative correction were reported for all 11 patients and long-term follow-up data was reported for 9 patients, in whom the mean duration of follow-up was 23 months. Outcome measures used for these 9 patients were the Neck Disability Index, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a visual analog scale for neck pain.ResultsThe mean values for estimated blood loss, surgical time, and hospital stay in the 11 patients were 1100 ml, 4.3 hours, and 9.9 days, respectively. The mean preoperative and immediate postoperative values (± SD) for cervical sagittal imbalance were 7.9 ± 1.4 cm and 3.4 ± 1.7 cm. The mean overall correction was 4.5 ± 1.5 cm (42.8%), the mean PSO correction 19.0°, and the mean CBVA correction 36.7°. There was essentially no correlation between preoperative C2–T1 radiographic kyphosis and preoperative CBVA (R2= 0.0165). There was a moderate correlation with PSO correction angle and postoperative CBVA (R2= 0.38). There was a significant decrease in both the Neck Disability Index (51.1 to 38.6, p = 0.03) and visual analog scale scores for neck pain (8.1 to 3.9, p = 0.0021). The SF-36 physical component summary scores increased by 18.4% (30.2 to 35.8) with no neurological complications.ConclusionsThe cervicothoracic junction PSO is a safe and effective procedure for the management of cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity. It results in excellent correction of cervical kyphosis and CBVA with a controlled closure and improvement in health-related quality-of-life measures even at early time points.
Horizontal C-1 fractures in association with unstable distraction injuries of the craniocervical junction
Authors: Vilela Marcelo D. , Bransford Richard J. , Bellabarba Carlo , Ellenbogen Richard G. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectHorizontal fractures of the anterior arch of the atlas not associated with odontoid fractures have been regarded as stable fractures that can be simply treated with a cervical collar. The authors report that C-1 horizontal fractures also occur in association with severe distraction injuries of the craniocervical junction.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed imaging studies obtained in all surviving patients in whom unstable distraction injuries of the craniocervical junction were diagnosed and in whom surgery was performed at their institution between 1995 and 2009. All patients who also had a C-1 horizontal fracture as a component of their spinal injury were included in the study.ResultsOf 47 patients with unstable craniocervical distraction injuries, 5 patients had a horizontal fracture through the anterior ring of C-1: 1 patient had a primarily C1–2 distractive injury whereas 4 others had a grossly unstable injury across the occipitoatlantal junction (occipitoatlantal dissociation).ConclusionsThe finding of a C-1 horizontal fracture does not always reflect a benign injury and its presence should heighten the concern of a more severe and unstable injury at the craniocervical junction.
Chance fractures in the pediatric population
Authors: Le Tien V. , Baaj Ali A. , Deukmedjian Armen , Uribe Juan S. , Vale Fernando L. 
Published: August 2011

Object
The pediatric Chance fracture (PCF) is an uncommon injury, but it has been increasingly reported. Knowledge is limited to few case reports and short series. To understand the various aspects of this injury, the authors reviewed the current literature.

Methods
A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Ovid online databases and relevant key words. All articles that were in English and provided information regarding PCF as a sole or part of the objective were retrieved.

Results
Seventy-three articles were found to fulfill the inclusion criteria. Relevant information about PCF collected from these articles included: 1) mode of trauma, 2) associated injuries, 3) radiological classification, and 4) treatment.

Conclusions
Chance fractures in children are potentially devastating injuries largely caused by motor vehicle collisions, and these fractures may be more common than previously thought. Concomitant intraabdominal injuries are common and should be suspected, particularly when a seat belt sign is observed. Blunt abdominal aortic injuries are rarely associated, but should be evaluated for and treated appropriately. Magnetic resonance imaging is best for defining ligamentous injury, which aids in defining the pattern of injury, facilitating appropriate treatment regimens.
Chiari malformation Type I and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Strahle Jennifer , Muraszko Karin M. , Kapurch Joseph , Bapuraj J. Rajiv , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: August 2011

Object
Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) with an associated spinal syrinx is a common pediatric diagnosis. A better understanding of the relative age-related prevalence and MR imaging characteristics of these associated conditions may lead to improved treatment decisions.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 14,116 consecutive individuals 18 years of age or younger who had undergone brain or cervical spine MR imaging at the University of Michigan between November 1997 and August 2008. In the patients with CM-I, demographic, clinical, and radiographic information was recorded.

Results
Five hundred nine children (3.6%) with CM-I were identified. Among these patients, 23% also had a spinal cord syrinx, and 86% of the syringes were found in the cervical spine. The MR imaging prevalence of CM-I with a syrinx was 1.2% in girls and 0.5% in boys (p < 0.0001). The severity of impaired CSF flow at the foramen magnum was associated with the amount of tonsillar herniation (p < 0.0001) and conformation of the tonsils (p < 0.0001). Patients with CM-I were treated surgically in 35% of cases; these patients exhibited more severe tonsillar herniation (p < 0.0001) and impaired CSF flow (p < 0.0001) as compared with those who did not undergo surgery. On imaging, 32% of all the patients with CM-I were considered symptomatic by the treating physician. Patients were more likely to be considered symptomatic if they were female, had a syrinx, displayed abnormal tonsillar pulsations, or had a greater amount of tonsillar herniation.

Conclusions
In this study the authors describe the age-related prevalence and MR imaging characteristics of CM-I and its association with a syrinx and other abnormalities in a large group of children who underwent MR imaging for any indication. Syringes are more common in older children, in girls, and in patients with a greater degree of tonsillar descent and CSF flow impairment.
Natural history of Chiari malformation Type I following decision for conservative treatment
Authors: Strahle Jennifer , Muraszko Karin M. , Kapurch Joseph , Bapuraj J. Rajiv , Garton Hugh J. L. , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: August 2011

Object
The natural history of the Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is incompletely understood. The authors report on the outcome of a large group of patients with CM-I that were initially selected for nonsurgical management.

Methods
The authors identified 147 patients in whom CM-I was diagnosed on MR imaging, who were not offered surgery at the time of diagnosis, and in whom at least 1 year of clinical and MR imaging follow-up was available after the initial CM-I diagnosis. These patients were included in an outcome analysis.

Results
Patients were followed clinically and by MR imaging for a mean duration of 4.6 and 3.8 years, respectively. Of the 147 patients, 9 had new symptoms attributed to the CM-I during the follow-up interval. During this time, development of a spinal cord syrinx occurred in 8 patients; 5 of these patients had a prior diagnosis of a presyrinx state or a dilated central canal. Spontaneous resolution of a syrinx occurred in 3 patients. Multiple CSF flow studies were obtained in 74 patients. Of these patients, 23 had improvement in CSF flow, 39 had no change, and 12 showed worsening CSF flow at the foramen magnum. There was no significant change in the mean amount of cerebellar tonsillar herniation over the follow-up period. Fourteen patients underwent surgical treatment for CM-I. There were no differences in initial cerebellar tonsillar herniation or CSF flow at the foramen magnum in those who ultimately underwent surgery compared with those who did not.

Conclusions
In patients with CM-Is that are selected for nonsurgical management, the natural history is usually benign, although spontaneous improvement and worsening are occasionally seen.