bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guest Effect on Nanopatterned Spin‐Crossover Thin Films
Authors: Bartual‐Murgui Carlos , Akou Amal , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Thibault Christophe , Real Jose Antonio , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNanopatterned thin films of the metal–organic framework {Fe(bpac)[Pt(CN)4]} (bpac=bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene) are elaborated by the combination of a sequential assembly process and a lithographic method. Raman microspectroscopy is used to probe the temperature dependence of the spin state of the iron(II) ions in the films (40–90 nm in thickness), and reveals an incomplete but cooperative spin transition comparable to that of the bulk material. Adsorption/desorption of pyridine guest molecules is found to have a substantial influence on the spin‐crossover properties of the thin layers. This interplay between host–guest and spin‐crossover properties in thin films and nanopatterns demonstrates the potential ability of using this kind of material as a microsensor.
Prediction of long‐term outcome in glycine encephalopathy: a clinical survey
Authors: Hennermann Julia B. , Berger Jeanne‐Marie , Grieben Ulrike , Scharer Gunter , Van Hove Johan L. K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveGlycine encephalopathy (GE) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of glycine degradation resulting in severe encephalopathy with ensuing poor outcome. Attenuated variants with a significantly better outcome have been reported. Early prediction of long‐term outcome is not yet possible.MethodsWe compared the clinical and biochemical features of 45 children, each with a different course of the disease, to help determine predictors of long‐term outcome.ResultsThe most common presenting symptoms were hypotonia, seizures, and coma. In this study, 85% of the patients presented within the first week of life, and 15% presented after the neonatal period up to the age of 12 months. Developmental progress was made by 19% of those children presenting during the neonatal period and by 50% of those presenting in infancy. Initial CSF and plasma glycine concentrations were not useful in differentiating severe and attenuated outcome. A severe outcome was significantly associated with early onset of spasticity, frequent hiccupping, EEG burst‐suppression or hypsarrhythmia patterns, microcephaly, and congenital or cerebral malformations, e.g. corpus callosum hypoplasia. An attenuated outcome was significantly associated with hyperactivity and choreiform movement disorders. We describe a severity score which facilitates the prediction of the outcome in patients with GE.ConclusionPrediction of the outcome of GE may be facilitated by recognizing selected clinical parameters and early neuroimaging findings.
Norms and high-level cognition: Consequences, trends, and antidotes
Authors: McNair Simon , Feeney Aidan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe are neither as pessimistic nor as optimistic as Elqayam & Evans (E&E). The consequences of normativism have not been uniformly disastrous, even among the examples they consider. However, normativism won't be going away any time soon and in the literature on causal Bayes nets new debates about normativism are emerging. Finally, we suggest that to concentrate on expert reasoners as an antidote to normativism may limit the contribution of research on thinking to basic psychological science.
On weak mixing, minimality and weak disjointness of all iterates
Authors: KWIETNIAK DOMINIK , OPROCHA PIOTR 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article addresses some open questions about the relations between the topological weak mixing property and the transitivity of the map f×f2×⋯×fm, where f:X→X is a topological dynamical system on a compact metric space. The theorem stating that a weakly mixing and strongly transitive system is Δ-transitive is extended to a non-invertible case with a simple proof. Two examples are constructed, answering the questions posed by Moothathu [Diagonal points having dense orbit. Colloq. Math. 120(1) (2010), 127–138]. The first one is a multi-transitive non-weakly mixing system, and the second one is a weakly mixing non-multi-transitive system. The examples are special spacing shifts. The latter shows that the assumption of minimality in the multiple recurrence theorem cannot be replaced by weak mixing.
Who Wrote the Rhetoric? A Response to Brad McAdon
Authors: Walzer Arthur E. , Inabinet Brandon M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
In several recent essays, Brad McAdon has argued that Aristotle's Rhetoric is such a fractured, inconsistent text that it is reasonable to conclude it is not the work of a single author, “Aristotle,” but the work of an editor who combined sections of treatises by several authors. This article challenges McAdon's thesis by reexamining the historical transmission of the Rhetoric and analyzing a central passage in the work—namely Rhetoric 1.4–14 (on the idia or special topics)—that McAdon believes Aristotle could not have written.
First Report of Gray Mold of Strawberry Caused by Botrytis cinerea in South Carolina
Authors: Fernández-Ortuño D. , Li X. , Chai W. , Schnabel G. 
Published: October 2011

Gray mold caused by Botrytis spp. is one of the most economically important diseases of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) worldwide. From April to June 2011, strawberries with symptoms resembling gray mold disease were collected from different locations (Chesnee, Florence, Lexington, McBee, Monetta, and North Augusta) in South Carolina. Fruit infections began as small, firm, light brown lesions that enlarged quickly, becoming covered with a gray, fuzzy mass of spores followed by a soft rot. To isolate the causal agent, spores from symptomatic fruit were suspended in 1% Tween 20, streaked onto the surface of potato dextrose agar plates, and incubated at 22°C. Fungal colonies from single spores were at first colorless and later became gray to brown when the conidiphores and conidia developed. Conidia were identified by their morphological characteristics: an average size of 14 × 9 μm, ellipsoid to rounded without internal structure, and with a scar on the point of union to the conidiophore (1). Sclerotia produced in culture were hard, dark, irregular shaped, and formed after 2 weeks. The pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.: on the basis of morphology and confirmed by a restriction digest with ApoI of the 413-kb PCR amplification product obtained with BA2f/BA1r primers (2). Koch's postulates were conducted by inoculating 10 surface-sterilized strawberries with a conidial suspension (105 spores/ml) of a randomly chosen B. cinerea isolate previously characterized; 10 control fruit received sterile water without conidia. The inoculated fruit were incubated for 3 days at room temperature in air-tight plastic bags. Inoculated fruit developed typical gray mold symptoms with gray sporulating lesions. The developing spores on inoculated fruit were confirmed to be B. cinerea. All control fruit remained healthy. For many Botrytis spp., the internal transcribed spacer region does not reveal nucleotide variations and thus is useless for species identification. We used additional, more appropriate genetic markers for molecular-based species identification and verified that strawberries in South Carolina are affected by gray mold disease caused by B. cinerea. To our knowledge, this is the first scientific report of B. cinerea causing gray mold of strawberry in South Carolina. References: (1) W. R. Jarvis. Botryotinia and Botrytis Species: Taxonomy, Physiology and Pathogenicity. A Guide to the Literature. Monograph no. 15. Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Ottawa, 1977. (2) K. Nielsen et al. Plant Dis. 86:682, 2002.
‘Silent’ carriage of two familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations in large families with only a single identified patient
Authors: Camus D , Shinar Y , Aamar S , Langevitz P , Ben‐Zvi I , Livneh A , Lidar M 
Published: October 2011

Camus D, Shinar Y, Aamar S, Langevitz P, Ben‐Zvi I, Livneh A, Lidar M. ‘Silent’ carriage of two familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations in large families with only a single identified patient.The presence of two mutations in the familial Mediterranean fever gene, without overt familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), designated as phenotype III, predisposes to developing ‘silent’ AA amyloidosis, recognized as phenotype II, due to the absence of medical supervision and colchicine prophylaxis. We sought to determine the prevalence of phenotype III in large families with only one subject affected with FMF, in order to assess the population at risk for transformation to phenotype II. A total of seven large families were recruited for the study. Siblings were screened for MEFV mutations and underwent a clinical interview to assess for unrecognized FMF manifestations. Phenotype III, most commonly associated with a V726A/E148Q genotype, was detected in 10% of siblings of index cases from informative families, corresponding to a 10‐fold increase in comparison to the expected rate in the general population (p < 0.01). Unnoticed ‘FMF‐like’ manifestations were detected among two siblings in the five families in which the index case was heterozygous, but in none of the siblings of the homozygous index cases. The enrichment for phenotype III and detection of occult FMF in large families, in which only a single member is afflicted with FMF, mandates routine clinical evaluation and genetic screening of siblings.
Clinical features and risk factors of tuberculosis in living‐donor liver transplant recipients
Authors: Imai S. , Ito Y. , Hirai T. , Imai H. , Ito I. , Maekawa K. , Chin K. , Ichiyama S. , Uemoto S. , Mishima M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:BackgroundThe incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) among liver transplant recipients varies depending on the endemic area and various reported TB risk factors. Although living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is predominant in Japan, the TB incidence and risk factors among LDLT recipients are unknown.MethodsActive TB episodes among 1222 LDLT recipient cases from 1990 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. A matched case–control study was performed to identify risk factors for active TB infection.ResultsNine patients (0.74%, 5 males and 4 females, median age 48 years) developed active TB following LDLT. The incidence of TB in adults (over 18 years) and in the later cohort (2000–2007) was more than that of children and in the early cohort (1990–1999), respectively. Seven of 9 patients were diagnosed within 1 year after LDLT. No patient received isoniazid for latent TB infection treatment before transplantation. TB infection was controlled with anti‐tuberculous drugs in all affected patients. However, 2 patients died of graft failure. Univariate analyses identified severe Child–Pugh score (≥ 11) (P = 0.006; odds ratio [OR], 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–51.5), requirement for plasma exchange or plasmapheresis (P = 0.009; OR, 10.0; 95% CI, 1.9–53.4), and ABO‐incompatible transplantation (P = 0.0003; OR, 34.0; 95% CI, 4.7–248.3) as risk factors for onset of active TB infection.ConclusionsPatients having an elevated Child–Pugh score, plasma exchange or plasmapheresis, and ABO‐incompatible transplantation should be considered at greater risk for active TB infection, and treatment for latent TB infection before transplantation should be considered.
Mortality in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients has decreased in the era of therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: REINIKAINEN M. , OKSANEN T. , LEPPÄNEN P. , TORPPA T. , NISKANEN M. , KUROLA J. ,   Finnish Intensive Care Consortium
Published: October 2011

BackgroundMild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This treatment was implemented in most Finnish intensive care units (ICUs) in 2003. The aim of this study was to find out whether hospital mortality of ICU‐treated OHCA patients has changed in the era of TH.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data collected prospectively into the database of the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium during the years 2000–2008. The study population consisted of 3958 patients for whom cardiac arrest was registered as the reason for ICU admission and who were transferred to the ICU from the emergency department. We divided the patients into those treated in the pre‐hypothermia era (2000–2002) and those treated in the hypothermia era (2003–2008). We investigated whether the treatment period had any impact on hospital mortality.ResultsThere were no differences between the periods regarding the age or initial Glasgow Coma Scores of the patients. Mean severity of illness was higher in the latter period. Despite this, mortality decreased: the hospital mortality rate was 57.9% in 2000–2002 and 51.1% in 2003–2008, P < 0.001. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment in 2003–2008 was associated with a reduced risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.64 and P < 0.001). Survival improved markedly between the years 2002 and 2003. This improvement has persisted, but there has been no further improvement.ConclusionConcurrently with the implementation of TH, hospital mortality of OHCA patients treated in Finnish ICUs decreased.
Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian immature teratoma
Authors: Sameshima Azusa , Hidaka Takao , Shima Tomoko , Nakashima Akitoshi , Hasegawa Toru , Saito Shigeru 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatment‐responsive encephalitis associated with anti‐NMDAR antibodies. Unlike classic paraneoplastic encephalitis, this disorder usually develops in young women with ovarian teratoma who typically present with marked neuropsychiatric symptoms, followed by prolonged respiratory failure, clouding of consciousness, and bizarre dyskinesia. This disorder is often treatable by resection of ovarian tumor and immunotherapy, but, delayed diagnosis results in a worse condition and sometimes fatal outcome. However, some gynecologists are not familiar with this disorder. When physicians encounter a female patient with encephalitis showing marked neuropsychiatric symptoms, search for an ovarian tumor should be promptly initiated. We present a case of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis associated with ovarian immature teratoma. The symptoms were dramatically relieved by tumor resection and immunotherapy.
Survey on the trends in uterine cervical cancer screening in Japanese women: The efficacy of free coupons in the screening
Authors: Kuroki Hiroko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAims:  In Japan, cytological examination is performed for uterine cervical cancer screening, but the rate of participation in these programs is low. Between October 1, 2009 and March 31, 2010, free coupons for uterine cervical cancer screening were distributed to Japanese women. The Fukuoka Tuberculosis Prevention Center investigated the trends in uterine cervical cancer screening participation of Japanese women in the 6‐month screening program.Material and Methods:  The subjects were 1523 women who underwent cervical smear cytology at the Fukuoka Tuberculosis Prevention Center between October 1, 2009 and March 31, 2010. A questionnaire survey based on multiple questions was performed to evaluate awareness about uterine cervical cancer screening for women undergoing screening by cervical smear cytology.Results:  The results of the study showed that the rate of women undergoing repeated screening was high among women who underwent screening as part of health checkups that were paid for by the employer according to the recommendations of the Industrial Safety and Health Act. Women who had not undergone the screening previously were motivated to participate after receiving the free coupons.Conclusions:  The distribution of free coupons serves as an initial step towards promoting awareness of preventive measures against uterine cervical cancer.
Implementing Carbon Tariffs: A Fool’s Errand?
Authors: Moore Michael O. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe absence of a global treaty on climate change abatement raises the chances that jurisdictions across the world will adopt substantially different approaches to greenhouse gas emissions. This further increases the possibility that some governments might consider taxes on imports based on carbon content from countries that have not introduced similarly restrictive climate change policies. Such border taxes certainly appeal to domestic industries facing higher charges for their own carbon emissions. This research demonstrates that there are enormous practical difficulties surrounding such plans. Various policies are evaluated based on the following constraints: adherence to World Trade Organisation compliance, administrative plausibility, help in meeting environmental goals and ability to deal with domestic pressures. The steel industry is used as a case study in this analysis. All considered policies arguably fail to meet at least one of these constraints, bringing into question the plausibility that a carbon border tax can be practical policy.
The use of a new portable erosion measuring device for assessing the erodibility of the surface layers of flood embankments
Authors: Boorman L. A. , Hazelden J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhen a river overtops its flood banks, water running down the landward side of the bank can rapidly erode the soil surface and scour the bank, sometimes leading to breaches and collapse. A covering of living vegetation, particularly grass, can reduce this risk of water erosion. As part of a project to assess the effectiveness of different management regimes on bank vegetation cover, direct measurements were required of the erodibility of the soil surface. A portable erosion measurement device (EMD) was developed by LAB Coastal with the support of the Environment Agency. This could direct water flowing at known velocities across areas of the flood banks, and it was used to test directly the erosion resistance of vegetated grass banks at three sites. The EMD gave a direct measure of the erodibility of a small sample of flood bank. While measurements of soil strength and assessments of vegetation cover were useful, they did not always correctly characterize the stability of the bank surface as measured directly by the EMD. The EMD and its use are described and the results obtained are discussed. The results indicate that flood banks need to be mown at least once a year to make them less vulnerable to erosion.
Supply chain coordination for a deteriorating item with stock and price‐dependent demand under revenue sharing contract
Authors: Giri B.C. , Bardhan S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with an integrated single‐manufacturer single‐retailer supply chain model for a single item. The market demand is assumed to be dependent on both the on‐hand stock and price, and the manufacturer and the retailer are in an agreement of lot‐for‐lot policy. The proposed model is developed under the contract that the retailer offers the manufacturer a percentage of revenue (s)he generates by selling a lot. We determine optimal policies for both the centralized and decentralized coordination systems. A comparison of these policies is made with a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the stability of the solution.
Variation and evolution of the complex life cycle in Adelgidae (Hemiptera)
Authors: SANO Masakazu , OZAKI Kenichi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe family Adelgidae is a small group of insects within Aphidoidea (Hemiptera). Adelgids are typically holocyclic with host‐alternation between the primary and secondary hosts, but some anholocyclic species persist either on the primary or secondary host. Like Aphididae, complexities and variation of adelgid life cycles are good models for understanding the evolution of complex life cycles. In this review, we outline the complex life cycles of adelgids, and current status and recent advances in adelgid life cycle studies. We also discuss the evolution of adelgid life cycles by comparing them to closely related aphid life cycles. A switch from holocycly to anholocycly on the primary host needs evolutionary innovations in gallicola behavior and reproduction. This radical evolution can be explained by mutations in a regulatory system that controls the sequence of gene sets producing phenotypes of one morph. In contrast, anholocycly on the secondary host consists of a series of exulis generations already existing in the holocycle. Thus, it may evolve by loss of primary‐host generations through extinction of the primary host, expansion beyond the geographical range of the primary host, or loss of male‐producing sexuparae that return to the primary host. Although the holocycle and its anholocyclic derivatives have been regarded as different species, morphological, ecological and genetic differences are too subtle to separate them into different species. The holocycle and its anholocyclic derivatives should not be split into different species without clearly identifiable morphological differences.
An Experimental Study of Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian Flow Dynamics in an Axial Blood Pump Model
Authors: Hu Qi‐Hui , Li Jing‐Yin , Zhang Ming‐Yuan , Zhu Xian‐Ran 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe head curves of a 1.5:1 new axial blood pump model were measured using five working fluids at five rotational speeds. The working fluids were water, a 39 wt% aqueous glycerin solution (GS), and three aqueous xanthan gum solutions (XGSs) with different concentrations. The flow velocities and shear stresses in the mechanical clearance between the casing and rotor were investigated using a laser Doppler velocimeter and hot‐film sensor. At every rotational speed, the experiment in which viscous GS was used in the pump model showed a head curve lower than that obtained using water, whereas the head obtained using viscoelastic XGS was higher than that generated using water. A maximum difference of 65.8% between the heads measured in the 0.06% XGS and GS experiments was detected. The higher head produced by the XGS may have originated from the drag‐reduction effect of XGS viscoelasticity. The measurements showed that a reverse washout flow at a velocity of 0.05–0.11 m/s occurs in the clearance. This reverse washout flow is crucial to preventing flow stagnation and accompanying thrombus formation. The wall shear stress and the Taylor number of the rotating Couette‐like flow in the clearance both indicated that it is a turbulent flow.
Resisting Smoking When a Best Friend Smokes: Do Intrapersonal and Contextual Factors Matter?
Authors: Tucker Joan S. , Edelen Maria Orlando , Go Myung‐Hyun , Pollard Michael S. , Green Harold D. , Kennedy David P. 
Published: October 2011

This longitudinal study examines individual differences in the tendency to initiate (N = 4,612) and escalate (N = 2,837) smoking when adolescents gain a best friend who smokes. Potential moderating factors include self‐esteem, depression, problem behavior, school and family bonds, and household access to cigarettes. In addition to acquiring a smoking best friend, initiation was predicted by trouble at school, household access, poorer grades and delinquency, whereas escalation was predicted by depressive symptoms. There was little evidence that the examined individual difference factors moderate the association between gaining a smoking best friend and increased adolescent smoking. Results point to the challenges of identifying factors that may lead adolescents to be more or less susceptible to the influence of pro‐smoking friends.