bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and functional relevance of de novo DNA methylation in cancerous B‐cell populations
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ming , Greiner Timothy C. , Bibikova Marina , Pike Brian L. , Siegmund Kimberly D. , Sinha Uttam K. , Müschen Markus , Jaeger Erich B. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Chan Wing C. , Shibata Darryl , Fan Jian‐Bing , Hacia Joseph G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpigenetic remodeling is a hallmark of cancer, with the frequent acquisition of de novo DNA methylation in CpG islands. However, the functional relevance of de novo DNA methylation in cancer is less well defined. To begin to address this issue in B‐cells, we used BeadArray assays to survey the methylation status of over 1,500 cancer‐related CpG loci in two molecular subtypes of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (ABC‐DLBCL and GCB‐DLBCL) and cognate normal B‐cell populations. We identified 81 loci that showed frequent de novo DNA methylation in GCB‐DLBCL and 67 loci that showed frequent de novo DNA methylation in ABC‐DLBCL. These de novo methylated CpG loci included reported targets of polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) in stem cells. All candidate loci in GCB‐DLBCL are proximal to genes that are poorly expressed or silent in purified normal germinal center (GC) B‐cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that de novo DNA methylation in cancer is more frequently involved in the maintenance rather than the initiation of gene silencing (de novo repression). This suggests that epigenetic switching occurs during tumorigenesis with de novo DNA methylation locking in gene silencing normally mediated by transcriptional repressors. Furthermore, we propose that similar to de novo genetic mutations, the majority of de novo DNA methylation events observed in tumors are passengers not causally involved in tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 818–827, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LPA induces osteoblast differentiation through interplay of two receptors: LPA1 and LPA4
Authors: Liu Yao‐Bin , Kharode Yogendra , Bodine Peter V.N. , Yaworsky Paul J. , Robinson John A. , Billiard Julia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe bioactive phospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting through at least five distinct receptors LPA1–LPA5, plays important roles in numerous biological processes. Here we report that LPA induces osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells hMSC‐TERT. We find that hMSC‐TERT mostly express two LPA receptors, LPA1 and LPA4, and undergo osteoblastic differentiation in serum‐containing medium. Inhibition of LPA1 with Ki16425 completely abrogates osteogenesis, indicating that this process is mediated by LPA in the serum through activation of LPA1. In contrast to LPA1, down‐regulation of LPA4 expression with shRNA significantly increases osteogenesis, suggesting that this receptor normally exerts negative effects on differentiation. Mechanistically, we find that in hMSC‐TERT, LPA induces a rise in both cAMP and Ca2+. The rise in Ca2+ is completely abolished by Ki16425, whereas LPA‐mediated cAMP increase is not sensitive to Ki16425. To test if LPA signaling pathways controlling osteogenesis in vitro translate into animal physiology, we evaluated the bones of LPA4‐deficient mice. Consistent with the ability of LPA4 to inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells, LPA4‐deficient mice have increased trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 794–800, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supercritical water for environmental technologies
Authors: Loppinet‐Serani Anne , Aymonier Cyril , Cansell François 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOVERVIEW: Supercritical water is a great medium in which to perform chemical reactions and to develop processes. Due to its unique thermo‐physico‐chemical properties, supercritical water is able to play the role of solvent of organic compounds and/or to react with them. These specific properties have been used since the 1990s to develop new technologies dedicated to the environment and energy.IMPACT: Supercritical water based technologies are innovative and efficient processes having a strong impact on society, the environment and the economy, and is termed a sustainable technology.APPLICATIONS: Three main applications for supercritical water technology are under development: (i) supercritical water oxidation (SCWO); (ii) supercritical water biomass gasification (SCBG); and (iii) hydrolysis of polymers in supercritical water (HPSCW) for composites/plastics recycling. In this paper some fundamentals of supercritical water are first presented to introduce the above three major developments. Then these technologies are reviewed in terms of their present and future industrial development and their impact on the environment and on energy production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Wastewater COD characterization: analysis of respirometric and physical‐chemical methods for determining biodegradable organic matter fractions
Authors: Gatti Marcela N. , García‐Usach Francisca , Seco Aurora , Ferrer José 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this work, a comprehensive study of the respirometric and physical–chemical methods has been performed to evaluate the information provided by these two methodologies in order to assess the biodegradable organic matter fractions of wastewater.RESULTS: First, an analysis was performed of the influence of the initial substrate on biomass ratio (F0/X0) in the assessment of readily biodegradable organic matter, SS, through respirometric experiments. In order to achieve an adequate assessment of the SS component, similar conditions (given by the initial F0/X0 ratio) must be employed in experiments that are carried to determine SS and YH (heterotrophic yield). Second, a comparative analysis of respirometric and physical–chemical methods was carried out. The respirometric analysis yielded a lower value of the SS component than the one using the physical–chemical method. Moreover, the respirometric analysis cannot measure the total content of slowly biodegradable organic matter, XS, since this method is only capable of determining the readily hydrolyzed biodegradable substrate.CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results, an adequate characterization method of the SS component has been proposed. This method provides readily and slowly hydrolyzable biodegradable organic matter fractions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison between laboratory and pilot biotrickling filtration of air emissions from painting and wood finishing
Authors: Sempere Feliu , Martínez‐Soria Vicente , Penya‐roja Josep‐Manuel , Izquierdo Marta , Palau Jordi , Gabaldón Carmen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Painting and wood finishing is one industrial sector affected by the European Union environmental regulations on volatile organic compound (VOC) air emissions. The painting process typically results in high flow rates with low VOC concentrations, so biotrickling filtration could be an economical alternative for controlling air emissions. This study analyses the operation of a pilot unit installed in a furniture facility, and compares its performance with the removal efficiency obtained in the laboratory using a synthetic feed composed of n‐butyl acetate, toluene and m‐xylene to simulate industrial air emissions.RESULTS: Laboratory studies showed that fluctuating and oscillating VOC feeding adversely affected the performance of the bioreactor in comparison with stationary feeding. The operation of the pilot plant at 35 s of empty bed residence time (EBRT) remained within the legal limits. The installation of an activated carbon prefilter improved considerably the removal efficiency, with emissions kept below 40 mg C m−3 working at 24 s of EBRT.CONCLUSION: Biotrickling filtration has been shown as effective for controlling air emissions from a closed booth operated for automatically painting furniture pieces. Laboratory study can provide valuable data for the scale‐up. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of carbon disulfide and ethanethiol vapors in alkaline biotrickling filters using an alkaliphilic sulfo‐oxidizing bacterial consortium
Authors: Arellano‐García Luis , González‐Sánchez Armando , Baquerizo Guillermo , Hernández‐Jiménez Sergio , Revah Sergio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: An alkaline mineral medium (pH ≈ 10) was used in a previous study to enhance the absorption rate of hydrogen sulfide in a biofiltration process where an alkaliphilic sulfo‐oxidizing bacterial consortium was deployed. In this work the same mineral media and bacterial consortium were used to assess a biotrickling filter performance during the treatment of low gaseous concentrations of carbon disulfide and ethanethiol.RESULTS: The alkalinity of the mineral medium increased the solubility of carbon disulfide and ethanethiol by around 50% and 80%, respectively. The oxidation activity of the microorganisms resulted in a lower value compared to other reported results. The maximum elimination capacities reached using alkaline biotrickling filtration were between 2.3 and 3.5 g m−3 h−1 with removal efficiencies around 50%. A conceptual model for biotrickling filtration of ethanethiol was developed and validated using experimental data under dynamic conditions.CONCLUSION: Alkaline conditions enhance the absorption rates of sulfur compounds in a biotrickling filter, but the elimination capacity of the system was limited by the low oxidation activities of the alkaliphilic microorganisms. It is necessary to continue exploring the biodiversity in order to find a microorganism adapted to the consumption of volatile sulfur compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Biofiltration of n‐hexane in the presence of benzene vapors
Authors: Hassan Ashraf Aly , Sorial George A 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Degrading hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in biofilters is very challenging. Previous research in our laboratories examined the degradation of hydrophobic contaminants by several methods including changing the empty bed resident time, utilization of surfactants and change of the microorganism consortium. As n‐hexane is considered relatively soluble in benzene and alongside benzene is more soluble in water, it was anticipated that a mixture of both volatile organic compounds fed to a trickle bed air biofilters (TBABs) would lead to an improved performance of n‐hexane degradation.RESULTS: The ratio of benzene:n‐hexane studied was 2:1 by volume, corresponding to a concentration ratio of 3:1, respectively. The TBAB was operated at pH 4 to provide favorable conditions for fungi growth. The effects of changing loading rates ranging from 20 to 80 g m−3 h−1 on the biofilter performance, acclimation period, and removal profile along biofilter depth, nitrogen consumption and CO2 production were studied under continuous loading operation conditions and compared to previous data of TBABs degrading single feed of benzene and n‐hexane separately.CONCLUSIONS: Results have shown that the degradation of n‐hexane is significantly impacted by the presence of benzene; however, the degradation of benzene was not impacted to the same extent as n‐hexane. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Supported photocatalysis as a pre‐treatment prior to biological degradation for the removal of some dyes from aqueous solutions; Acid Red 183, Biebrich Scarlet, Methyl Red Sodium Salt, Orange II
Authors: Chebli D. , Fourcade F. , Brosillon S. , Nacef S. , Amrane A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of coupling photocatalysis and a biological treatment for the removal of azo dyes from aqueous effluents. Biological processes do not always appear relevant for dyes removal, owing to the low or total absence of biodegradability of this class of pollutants.RESULTS: During photocatalysis pre‐treatment, a decrease in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) indicated oxidation of the target compound and thus a change in the chemical structure; better biodegradability or less toxicity could then be expected. However, the concomitant decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), characteristic of a high mineralization yield, led to nearly constant COD:DOC ratios, which was unfavorable for an increase in biodegradability. It was confirmed by the low values found for the ratios biological oxygen demand (BOD5) to COD, which remained in the range 0.09–0.19, namely below 0.4 after photocatalytic reaction. Moreover, toxicity increased or remained at a high level after irradiation of the azo dyes for 3 h, and decreased only for Orange II, from toxic (EC50 = 53%) to moderately toxic (EC50 = 76%).CONCLUSION: An integrated process involving photocataysis and biological treatment to treat azo dyes appeared unsuitable under the conditions tested and may only be considered for Orange II among the four dyes tested. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Steady‐ and transient‐state operation of a two‐stage bioreactor for the treatment of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen sulphide, methanol and α‐pinene
Authors: Rene Eldon R. , Estefania López M. , Veiga María C. , Kennes Christian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A two‐stage bioreactor, comprising a biotrickling filter (BTF) as the first stage and a biofilter (BF) as the second stage, operated under steady‐ and transient‐state conditions, was tested to remove gas‐phase hydrogen sulphide, methanol and α‐pinene.RESULTS: Hydrogen sulphide and methanol were removed in the first stage, while α‐pinene, was removed predominantly in the second‐stage fungal BF. The effect of the liquid trickling rate was evaluated in the BTF, while concentration‐dependent synergistic and antagonistic interactions in both reactors were assessed by varying the concentration of one pollutant, and by maintaining 100% removal of other pollutants. Increasing the liquid trickling rate decreased methanol removal significantly, from > 93% to 40%. Increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulphide from low to high loading rates did not affect the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), however, the reverse occurred. Under all the conditions tested, α‐pinene removal in the second‐stage biofilter still remained higher than 80%.CONCLUSIONS: The results show the maximum elimination capacities achievable for this complex ternary mixture, under a wide range of operating conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of dyehouse waste‐water by supercritical water oxidation: a case study
Authors: Söǧüt Onur Ömer , Akgün Mesut 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of dyehouse waste‐water containing several organic pollutants has been studied. The removal of these organic components with unknown proportions is considered in terms of total organic carbon concentration (TOC), with an initial value of 856.9 mg L−1. Oxidation reactions were performed using diluted hydrogen peroxide. The reaction conditions ranged between temperatures of 400–600 °C and residence times of 8–16 s under 25 MPa of pressure.RESULTS: TOC removal efficiencies using SCWO and hydrothermal decomposition were between 92.0 and 100% and 6.6 and 93.8%, respectively. An overall reaction rate, which consists of hydrothermal decomposition and the oxidation reaction, was determined for the hydrothermal decomposition of the waste‐water with an activation energy of 104.12 ( ± 2.6) kJ mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 1.59( ± 0.5) × 105 s−1. The oxidation reaction rate orders for the TOC and the oxidant were 1.169 ( ± 0.3) and 0.075 ( ± 0.04) with activation energies of 18.194 ( ± 1.09) kJ mol−1, and pre‐exponential factor of 5.181 ( ± 1.3) L0.244 mmol−0.244 s−1 at the 95% confidence level.CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that the SCWO process decreased TOC content by up to 100% in residence times between 8 and 16 s under various reaction conditions. The treatment efficiency increased remarkably with increasing temperature and the presence of excess oxygen in the reaction medium. Color of the waste‐water was removed completely at temperatures of 450 °C and above. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Last glacial ice‐rafted debris off southwestern Europe: the role of the British–Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Bigg Grant R. , Levine Richard C. , Clark Chris D. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Haflidason Haflidi , Hughes Anna L. C. , Nygård Atlé , Sejrup Hans Petter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIce‐rafted debris (IRD) seeded into the ocean from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets is found in ocean cores along the southwestern European margin through the last glacial period. It is known that the origin of this IRD, especially off Iberia, can vary between North America and western Europe during short‐lived episodes of greatly enhanced iceberg flux, known as Heinrich events, although in most Heinrich events the IRD has a North American source. During the longer times of much lower IRD fluxes between Heinrich events, use of an intermediate complexity climate model, coupled to an iceberg dynamic and thermodynamic model, shows that background levels of IRD most likely originate from western Europe, particularly the British–Irish Ice Sheet. Combining modelling with palaeoceanographic evidence supports reconstructions of a short‐lived, but substantial, Celtic and Irish Sea Ice Stream around 23 ka. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of an essential oil fromAgeratum conyzoidesL.
Authors: Patil Rajaram P , Nimbalkar Mansingraj S , Jadhav Umesh U , Dawkar Vishal V , Govindwar Sanjay P 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Aflatoxin contamination of various commodities can occur as a result of infection, mainly byAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticus. Every year, almost 25% of the world's food supply is contaminated by mycotoxins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1and G2, which occur naturally, are significant contaminants of a wide variety of commodities. A number of biological activities have been associated withAgeratum conyzoides. We have therefore investigated the antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils ofA. conyzoides. This could help to turnA. conyzoides, a nuisance weed, into a resource.RESULTS:The essential oil ofAgeratum conyzoidesL. shows the presence of 12 compounds when analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The growth and aflatoxin production of the toxigenic strainAspergillus parasiticuswas completely inhibited by essential oil. All the studied concentrations of the oil demonstrate a reduction in mycelia growth and decreased production of different aflatoxins in fungi, as revealed by liquid chomatographic–tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Volatiles from macerated green leaf tissue ofA. conyzoideswere also effective againstA. parasiticus. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed against the bacteriaStaphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilisin a disk diffusion bioassay. Essential oil and methanol extract ofA. conyzoidesL. were assayed for their antioxidant activity. Methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in FRAP and DPPH assay, whereas essential oil showed greater lipid peroxidation inhibition than methanol extract.CONCLUSION:The plant's ethno‐medicinal importance, antioxidant potential, inhibitory activity against theAspergillusgroup of fungi and production of aflatoxins may add a new dimension to its usefulness in the protection of stored product. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification of calmodulin from rice bran and activation of glutamate decarboxylase by Ca2+/calmodulin
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Min , Guo Lv Ying , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive regulator, and its biosynthesis is primarily through the α‐decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In plants, it was verified that the production of GABA is regulated, in part, via Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM). Our preliminary studies showed that rice bran GAD is probably also a Ca2+/CaM dependent enzyme; hence, in the current investigation, we purified calmodulin from rice bran, and studied the effect of the Ca2+/calmodulin complex on the activity of rice bran GAD in vitro.RESULTS: CaM was purified to homogeneity from the rice bran by a combined protocol involving TCA precipitation, heat treatment, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, with the purification fold and recovery of 851.7 and 55.6%, respectively. This protein had similar amino acid composition as the CaMs from other higher plants. The rice bran GAD was found to be quite sensitive to the Ca2+/CaM complex at pH 7.0, and addition of exogenous EGTA or TFP efficiently inhibited the stimulatory effect of Ca2+/CaM complex. At a separate concentration of Ca2+ and CaM of 200 µmol L−1 and 150 nmol L−1, the rice bran GAD was significantly enhanced 3‐fold. Moreover, upon binding Ca2+, CaM underwent a conformational change that facilitated a more obvious emergency of phenylalanine and tyrosine residues.CONCLUSION: This investigation provided preliminary information for the development of a GABA‐based, cost‐effective rice bran GAD‐related functional food. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of ethylene and 1‐MCP treatments on strawberry fruit ripening
Authors: Villarreal Natalia M , Bustamante Claudia A , Civello Pedro M , Martínez Gustavo A 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Strawberry is a soft fruit, considered as non‐climacteric, being auxins the main hormones that regulate the ripening process. The role of ethylene in strawberry ripening is currently unclear and several studies have considered a revision of the possible role of this hormone.RESULTS: Strawberry fruit were harvested at the white stage and treated with ethephon, an ethylene‐releasing reagent, or 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. The effects of the treatments on fruit quality parameters and on the activity of enzymes related to anthocyanin synthesis and cell wall degradation were evaluated. Some aspects of ripening were accelerated (anthocyanin accumulation, total sugar content and increment of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.24) and β‐galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activities), while others were repressed (chlorophyll levels and increment of endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and β‐xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) activities) or unchanged (reducing sugar content, pH, titratable acidity and α‐L‐arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) activity) by ethylene. 1‐MCP treatment caused the opposite effect. However, its effects were more pronounced, particularly in anthocyanin accumulation, phenolics, PAL and polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15 and EC 3.2.1.67) activities.CONCLUSION: These observations probably indicate that strawberry produces low levels of ethylene that are sufficient to regulate some ripening aspects. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry