bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Currently Used Materials for Fabrication of Extraoral Maxillofacial Prostheses in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia
Authors: Montgomery Patricia C. , Kiat‐Amnuay Sudarat 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to review the extraoral maxillofacial materials currently used as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the materials in the fabrication of facial prostheses. Results of this survey will enhance scientific knowledge, generate research study ideas, and possibly lead to production of alternative or new maxillofacial materials. Material and Methods: A 47‐question survey was delivered via e‐mail to all members (combined total of 260 members) of the American Anaplastology Association (AAA) and American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics (AAMP) for evaluation of personal preference involving maxillofacial prosthetic materials (intrinsic/extrinsic silicone elastomers and pigments/colorants used, polymerization/curing process, advantages and disadvantages of the most often used materials, most important characteristic of material/technique used). Results: The views of 43 (16%) respondents indicated that the majority surveyed were using room temperature‐vulcanized (RTV) silicone products. Silicone pigments for intrinsic and silicone pastes for extrinsic coloring were favored over artist's oil colors and dry earth pigments. The polymerization process and/or curing times and temperatures for the same silicone material varied between users. The top five advantages of most often used materials were good esthetics, ease of coloring, easy manipulation, thin margins possible, and adhesive compatibility. The top five disadvantages were discoloration over time, technique‐sensitivity, lack of repairability, extrinsic colors peel/fade, and lack of longevity. Nontoxic/nonallergenic materials with high edge strength and color stability were the most important features when choosing a maxillofacial prosthetic material/technique. Conclusions: The responses to this survey indicate that the majority of AAA and AAMP members are using or have used a variety of RTV silicones, pigments, and colorants in the quest to provide the best possible facial prosthetic service. Further research is needed to further refine and improve extraoral maxillofacial materials/techniques based on the results of this study.
Whole genome transcriptional profiling identifies novel differentiation regulated genes in keratinocytes
Authors: Paragh György , Ugocsai Peter , Vogt Thomas , Schling Petra , Kel Alexander E. , Tarabin Victoria , Liebisch Gerhard , Orsó Evelyn , Markó Loránt , Balogh Attila , Köbling Tamás , Remenyik Éva , Wikonkál Norbert M. , Mandl József , Farwick Mike , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: December 2009

Please cite this paper as: Whole genome transcriptional profiling identifies novel differentiation regulated genes in keratinocytes. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 100–107.Abstract:  Keratinocyte differentiation plays a pivotal role in the epidermal barrier. Single keratinocyte differentiation genes have already been studied, but many important constituents of this process may have been missed so far. Gene expression profiling by microarray was carried out in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergoing confluence‐induced differentiation to find novel differentiation genes. Candidate gene lists were established and genes of potential dermatological interest were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. Some of these points lead to the identification of counter‐regulation of heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase as well as glutaredoxin and glutathione reductase indicative of potential novel redox signaling in differentiating human keratinocytes. Others indicate a strong concert down‐regulation of interleukin‐1 signaling at previously unidentified levels during keratinocyte differentiation. We believe that identified genes contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complicated epidermal differentiation process and lead to better understanding of dermatological diseases.
A Retrospective, Multicenter Study on a Novo Wide‐Body Implant for Posterior Regions
Authors: Vandeweghe Stefan , Ackermann Andrew , Bronner John , Hattingh André , Tschakaloff Alex , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Wide implants are recommended as “rescues” after failure to increase primary stability in extraction sockets or in poor quality bone. Consequently, inferior results compared with regular diameter implants have been reported.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the outcome of a novo wide‐body implant (Max® implant, Southern Implants®, Irene, South Africa) designed for placement in the posterior regions.Materials and Methods: In four private practices, patients with at least one Max implant were examined by two independent examiners to determine implant survival and marginal bone loss. Surgical, prosthetic, and patient‐related parameters were evaluated to determine their influence on the treatment outcome.Results: Seventy‐five patients (31 male, 44 female), with a mean age of 58 years, received 93 Max implants (59 maxilla, 34 mandible) of 8 to 10 mm width. Twenty‐seven implants in molar extraction sockets and two in mature bone were immediately loaded; 42 in extraction sockets and 22 in mature bone were delayed loaded. The mean follow‐up was 14 months (6–34), and four implants failed (4.3%); mean bone loss after 1 year was 0.46 mm (SD 1.08; range −5.45–3.25). A total of 91.4% lost <1.5 mm of bone during the first year. The implant survival rate was 89.7% and 98.4%, respectively, for the immediate and delayed loaded implants and 95.8% and 95.7% for delayed and immediate placement. Time of placement, time of loading, surgical protocol, or prosthetic design did not affect the outcome.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the Max implant demonstrated a survival rate of 95.7% and stable bone conditions after a year, irrespective of loading or surgical protocol. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the soft and hard tissue changes in time.
Conservative and Esthetic Cast Gold Fixed Partial Dentures—Inlay, Onlay, and Partial Veneer Retainers, Custom Composite Pontics, and Stress‐breakers: Part I: Fundamental Design Principles
Authors: STEVENSON RICHARD G. , REFELA JANE A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough in today's dental world implant restorations are considered the standard of care in the replacement of missing teeth, clinical contraindications and patient nonacceptance of implant placement can be encountered. Several scenarios are discussed here in which a single missing tooth can be restored with conservative fixed partial dentures (FPD) that employ cast gold retainers; each with a customized design in order to preserve tooth structure, maintain esthetics, and provide a long‐term prognosis. The abutment teeth are prepared for conservative partial coverage restorations by using Brasseler burs (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA). Impressions are taken of the preparations, along with any retentive features, utilizing either the Vented Pin Channel technique or the Shooshan Plastic Pin technique. The latter technique utilizes Kodex twist drills and corresponding impression pins (Coltene Whaledent Inc., Mahwah, NJ, USA). The conservative FPD with non‐rigid connectors is fabricated by using type III gold alloy. The pontic cage portion is chemically prepared utilizing the Panavia F2.0 cement kit (Kuraray America Inc., Houston, TX, USA) or other dual‐polymerizing resin cement and restored with any type of direct composite resin material. A palette of opaquers and tints are used for chairside characterization of the esthetic pontic facing. The final polish of the pontic is completed by using FlexiDisc and FlexiBuff discs (Cosmedent Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn cases where an implant restoration is contraindicated for replacement of a single tooth, a semi‐precision FPD is a conservative, functional, and esthetic alternative.
Effect of Surface Sealants on Marginal Microleakage in Class V Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: SILVA SANTANA SORAIA VELOSO , BOMBANA ANTONIO CARLOS , FLÓRIO FLÁVIA MARTÃO , BASTING ROBERTA TARKANY 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose:  Surface sealants may reduce or avoid problems related to the marginal interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage in resin composite Class V restorations sealed with an adhesive system (Xeno III [Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany]), a sealant for exposed dentin (Seal & Protect [Dentsply]), and two surface sealants (Fortify [Bisco, Lombard, IL, USA]; Optiguard [Kerr, Orange, CA, USA]).Materials and Methods:  Fifty cavities with margins in enamel were prepared on crowns of bovine teeth and restored with an adhesive system (Prime and Bond NT/Dentsply) and resin composite (Esthet X/Dentsply). They were separated into four groups for the application of the surface sealants, and a control group (without surface sealing). Thermal cycling with baths of 5°C ± 2°C and 55°C ± 2°C were performed in 600 cycles. The teeth were made impermeable, except for a 3‐mm window around the restoration and immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 8 hours. The crown was sectioned longitudinally and the cuts were analyzed by three independent evaluators, using a stereoscopic loupe with 10× magnification that attributed representative scores. Agreement among the examiners was evaluated by the Kappa test.Results:  The Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn Method showed that there was significant difference between the Control and Seal & Protect groups. The Seal & Protect group presented the lowest degree of microleakage, followed by the Optiguard and Xeno III groups. The highest scores were obtained in the Control group.Conclusion:  The sealant materials evaluated presented different rates of effectiveness, and Seal & Protect was the most effective in decreasing the degree of marginal microleakage.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAlthough surface sealants or covering agents have been used to diminish microleakage, they may present different rates of effectiveness with regard to reducing the degree of marginal leakage.
Effect of Bleaching on Staining Susceptibility of Resin Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: ÇELIK ÇIĞDEM , YÜZÜGÜLLÜ BULEM , ERKUT SELIM , YAZICI A. RÜYA 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  Effect of bleaching procedures on staining susceptibility of resin restorative materials is still questionable.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the staining susceptibility of restorative materials bleached with 20% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent and subsequently immersed in coffee and tea.Materials and Methods:  Forty‐two disk‐shaped specimens were fabricated for each of the resin composites (Filtek Supreme XT [3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA], Ceram‐X Mono [Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany], and Aelite All Purpose Body [BISCO, Inc., Shaumburg, IL, USA]). The baseline color values were measured with a spectrophotometer. The specimens of each restorative material were randomly divided into two groups (N = 21). While the first group specimens were stored in distilled water (nonbleaching group‐control), bleaching agent (Opalescence PF 20% [Ultradent Poducts, South Jordan, UT, USA]) was applied on the top surface of each specimen of the second group (bleaching group). After color change values were measured, the specimens were randomly divided into three subgroups (N = 7) according to the staining solutions. The color change values (ΔE*ab) were calculated and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. Statistical significance was declared if the p value was 0.05 or less.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference within each restorative material's ΔE*ab values after bleaching (p = 0.714). Also, the staining solutions did not cause a statistically significant difference between ΔE*ab values of bleaching compared with nonbleaching groups (p = 0.146). Significant interaction was found only between restorative materials and staining solutions (p = 0.000).Conclusion:  Bleaching of the tested resin composites did not increase their susceptibility to extrinsic staining in vitro.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEBleaching did not affect staining susceptibility of the tested resin composite restorative materials.
Quantitative trait loci for leg weakness traits in a Landrace purebred population
Authors: UEMOTO Yoshinobu , SATO Shuji , OHNISHI Chika , HIROSE Kensuke , KAMEYAMA Kenji , FUKAWA Kazuo , KUDO Osamu , KOBAYASHI Eiji 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTLeg weakness in pigs is a serious problem in the pig industry. We performed a whole genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to find QTLs affecting leg weakness traits in the Landrace population. Half‐sib progeny (n = 522) with five sires were measured for leg weakness traits. Whole genome QTL mapping was performed using a half‐sib regression‐based method using 190 microsatellite markers. No experiment‐wide significant QTLs affecting leg weakness traits were detected. However, at the 5% chromosome‐wide level, QTLs affecting leg weakness traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 10 and 11 with QTL effects ranging from 0.07 to 0.11 of the phenotypic variance. At the 1% chromosome‐wide level, QTLs affecting rear feet score and total leg score were detected on chromosomes 2 and 3 with QTL effects of 0.11 and 0.13 of the phenotypic variance, respectively. On chromosome 3 and 10, some QTLs found in this study were located at nearby positions. The present study is one of the first reports of QTLs affecting fitness related traits such as leg weakness traits, that segregate within the Landrace population. The study also provides useful information for studying QTLs in purebred populations.
Tevaluation of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink) corn in pig
Authors: YONEMOCHI Chisato , SUGA Keisei , HARADA Chisato , HANAZUMI Michito 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the influence of transgenic event CBH (StarLink™; SL)‐derived hybrid corn on growth, health and physiological functions of pigs, as well as the possibility of transferring the cry9C gene or Cry9C protein to the blood, liver or muscles, in comparison with pigs fed a diet with non‐transgenic (isogenic) corn (non‐SL). The diet for the SL group was composed of 70% SL corn, and the diet for the non‐SL group was composed of 70% non‐SL corn. Forty pigs approximately 3 months in age were used in the current experiment. After the pigs were acclimatized to their environment for 7 days, they were fed piglet diets for 7 weeks, and afterwards fed growing‐finishing diets until the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in bodyweight gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio between the pigs fed SL diet and those of non‐SL diet. No abnormalities were observed in the health conditions of either the SL or the non‐SL group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in hematological values, histopathological examination and necropsy findings. Although the serum biochemical values within each group were normal, the blood urea nitrogen values of the SL group showed a tendency to be slightly higher than those of the non‐SL group. Also, the blood glucose values of the SL group were significantly lower than those of the non‐SL group. However, the cause of the significant differences in the blood glucose values between the two groups is unknown. The PCR and ELISA did not detect the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein in the blood, liver or muscles of the pigs at the end of the experiment.
Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 gene polymorphisms in a southeastern Chinese population with tuberculosis
Authors: Xue Y. , Zhao Z. Q. , Wang H. J. , Jin L. , Liu C. P. , Wang Y. , Li J. C. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPolymorphisms of the toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln) and the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) were investigated in 205 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 203 controls. Genetic variations were analysed by DNA sequencing. We revealed that these polymorphisms were rare in the southeastern Chinese population and were not associated with susceptibility to TB.
Malnutrition identification, diagnosis and dietetic referrals: Are we doing a good enough job?
Authors: GOUT Belinda S. , BARKER Lisa A. , CROWE Timothy C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim: To determine the prevalence and diagnosis, documentation and referral rates for malnutrition among hospitalised patients and to ascertain potential shortfalls in financial reimbursement to a hospital as a result of malnutrition misdiagnosis.Methods: The Subjective Global Assessment tool was used to assess the nutritional status of 275 randomly selected inpatients on admission over a five‐week period across the acute care wards of a metropolitan tertiary teaching hospital. A retrospective audit of malnourished patients' medical histories was performed to assess diagnosis, documentation and dietetic referral rates for malnutrition. Where malnutrition was not included in the coding of an admission, that admission was hypothetically recoded to determine whether it changed the Diagnosis Related Group and subsequently the payment allocated for that admission.Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 23%. Malnourished patients had significantly longer lengths of stay by 4.5 days compared with well‐nourished patients (P< 0.001). Only 15% of malnourished patients were correctly identified and documented as such in the medical histories. A dietitian was involved in 45% of malnutrition cases, but only documented 29% of such cases as malnourished. Forty‐eight of 53 (91%) audited cases did not have the corresponding malnutrition code included in their Diagnosis Related Group, resulting in a shortfall of AU$27 617 to the hospital in reimbursements, and AU$1 850 540 when extrapolated across the financial year.Conclusion: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in the acute hospital setting, yet remains poorly identified and formally documented. Many patients are not referred for dietetic intervention, thus compromising their clinical outcomes. Poor documentation of malnutrition can further result in financial shortfalls to the hospital.
Patient satisfaction and energy intakes are enhanced by point of service meal provision
Authors: MAHONEY Sarah , ZULLI Amanda , WALTON Karen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim:  This systemic review aimed to investigate the effects of various methods of point of service meal provision on patient satisfaction and energy intakes of hospital patients.Methods:  ‘Medline’ and ‘Wiley Interscience’ online databases (1999–2008) were consulted using search terms such as ‘food service’ and ‘food delivery in hospital’. Cross‐referencing was also used to select studies that compared the provision of full diets to hospital patients using two different methods of food service delivery.Results:  Searching yielded 268 studies, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria (hospitals, all ages, oral intake only). Patient satisfaction was measured in 12 studies, while 9 studies measured energy intake, 9 measured food wastage and 4 studies measured costs.Conclusion:  There is evidence to suggest that a more personalised meal service system in hospitals has the ability to improve energy intakes and patient satisfaction. Further research is necessary to evaluate the long‐term implications on cost‐effectiveness.
Undernutrition and housebound older people
Authors: VISVANATHAN Renuka 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim:  This paper outlines approaches to dealing with undernutrition in the older person.Method:  A series of case studies is presented to expose principles of practice for management of undernutrition in the older person.Results:  Screening is a necessary first step. A more in‐depth assessment of those at‐risk may reveal contributory factors that if addressed, would result in better nutritional health outcomes. Preservation of muscle mass through adequate caloric and protein intake and exercise is important. Nutritional supplementation has been shown to reduce mortality risk and improve weight. A daily multivitamin may offer some benefit. Weight loss is also seen commonly in older people with dementia. There is a need to understand why this occurs as this could guide management strategies. There is also a need to consider conservative management when dysphagia occurs in the later stages of dementia. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding may not necessarily have that much to offer.Conclusion:  In older people, the prevalence of undernutrition increases with increasing frailty. If not treated, undernutrition is costly both to the individual and society.
Cross‐sectional study of endodontic treatment in an Australian population
Authors: Da Silva Katherine , Lam Jasmine M.Y. , Wu Nina , Duckmanton Peter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe quality and technical standard of Australian endodontic treatment is generally unknown. Two hundred and forty‐three patients from a metropolitan dental hospital were radiographically assessed for quality of root canal therapy. Total teeth examined were 5647 with 499 teeth (8.84%) being root‐filled. Teeth were scored using Ørstavik's Periapical Index. Periapical Index scores indicating a healthy periapical state were found in 392 root‐filled teeth (78.56%) and those indicative of periapical disease in 107 root‐filled teeth (21.43%). Of the 499 root‐filled teeth, 149 (29.9%) were adequate in terms of length, with 120 teeth (80.5%) of these healthy. Three hundred and fifteen teeth (63.1%) were filled short with 271 (86.0%) classified as healthy. Thirty‐five teeth (7.0%) were filled long with only one tooth (2.9%) in this category deemed healthy. Four hundred and fifty‐nine teeth (92.0%) were adequate in density, with 365 teeth (79.5%) being healthy. Forty teeth (8.0%) showed inadequate density with 27 (67.5%) being healthy. One hundred and forty‐five teeth (29.1%) were adequate in length and density with 117 teeth (80.7%) deemed healthy. A significant statistical correlation between root filling quality and periapical status was not found. Factors, such as the coronal restoration quality, should be further investigated.