bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can an electronic prescribing system detect doctors who are more likely to make a serious prescribing error?
Authors: Coleman Jamie J , Hemming Karla , Nightingale Peter G , Clark Ian R , Dixon-Woods Mary , Ferner Robin E , Lilford Richard J 
Published: May 2011

Objectives We aimed to assess whether routine data produced by an electronic prescribing system might be useful in identifying doctors at higher risk of making a serious prescribing error. Design Retrospective analysis of prescribing by junior doctors over 12 months using an electronic prescribing information and communication system. The system issues a graded series of prescribing alerts (low-level, intermediate, and high-level), and warnings and prompts to respond to abnormal test results. These may be overridden or heeded, except for high-level prescribing alerts, which are indicative of a potentially serious error and impose a ‘hard stop’. Setting A large teaching hospital. Participants All junior doctors in the study setting. Main outcome measures Rates of prescribing alerts and laboratory warnings and doctors' responses. Results Altogether 848,678 completed prescriptions issued by 381 doctors (median 1538 prescriptions per doctor, interquartile range [IQR] 328–3275) were analysed. We identified 895,029 low-level alerts (median 1033 per 1000 prescriptions per doctor, IQR 903–1205) with a median of 34% (IQR 31–39%) heeded; 172,434 intermediate alerts (median 196 per 1000 prescriptions per doctor, IQR 159–266), with a median of 23% (IQR 16–30%) heeded; and 11,940 high-level ‘hard stop’ alerts. Doctors vary greatly in the extent to which they trigger and respond to alerts of different types. The rate of high-level alerts showed weak correlation with the rate of intermediate prescribing alerts (correlation coefficient, r = 0.40, P = <0.001); very weak correlation with low-level alerts (r = 0.12, P = 0.019); and showed weak (and sometimes negative) correlation with propensity to heed test-related warnings or alarms. The degree of correlation between generation of intermediate and high-level alerts is insufficient to identify doctors at high risk of making serious errors. Conclusions Routine data from an electronic prescribing system should not be used to identify doctors who are at risk of making serious errors. Careful evaluation of the kinds of quality assurance questions for which routine data are suitable will be increasingly valuable.
Coil migration – a rare complication of endovascular exclusion of visceral artery pseudoaneurysms and aneurysms
Authors: Skipworth JRA , Morkane C , Raptis DA , Kennedy L , Johal K , Pendse D , Brennand DJ , Olde Damink S , Malago M , Shankar A , Imber C 
Published: May 2011

Introduction We describe a case of metallic, angiographic coil migration, following radiological exclusion of a gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Patients and Methods A 55-year-old man presented to the out-patient clinic with chronic, intermittent, post-prandial, abdominal pain, associated with nausea, vomiting and weight loss. He was known to have chronic pancreatitis and liver disease secondary to alcohol abuse and previously underwent angiographic exclusion of a gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. During subsequent radiological and endoscopic investigation, an endovascular coil was discovered in the gastric pylorus, associated with ulceration and cavitation. This patient was managed conservatively and enterally fed via naso-jejunal catheter endoscopically placed past the site of the migrated coil. This patient is currently awaiting biliary bypass surgery for chronic pancreatitis, and definitive coil removal will occur concurrently. Conclusions Literature review reveals that this report is only the eighth to describe coil migration following embolisation of a visceral artery pseudoaneurysm or aneurysm. Endovascular embolisation of pseudoaneurysms and aneurysms is generally safe and effective. More common complications of visceral artery embolisation include rebleeding, pseudoaneurysm reformation and pancreatitis.
Is primary endocrine therapy effective in treating the elderly, unfit patient with breast cancer?
Authors: Osborn G , Jones M , Champ C , Gower-Thomas K , Vaughan-Williams E 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION Elderly patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer wishing to avoid surgery or those who are considered unsuitable for a general anaesthetic may be treated with primary endocrine therapy. We have reviewed all patients with ER-positive breast cancer who were initially treated with primary hormone therapy (PHT) at a district general hospital in south Wales and investigated their outcome in order to evaluate the appropriateness of this method of managing breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with breast cancer who were initially treated with PHT between January 2002 and December 2008 were identified from a single consultant's prospectively maintained database. For each patient the Charlson co-morbidity index was calculated to give an estimate of ten-year survival. Patients who had died during the study period were identified from hospital and cancer registries. RESULTS A total of 83 cancers in 82 patients with a median age of 81 years (range: 62–93 years) were included. All cancers were ER-positive. Six patients (7%) had a greater than 50% chance of surviving ten years, calculated using the Charlson index. The median follow-up period was 24 months (range: 6–72 months). Twelve patients (15%) had disease progression while taking PHT. Twenty-three patients (28%) have died (median time from diagnosis to death of 10.5 months, range: 1–77 months). Two patients (2%) experienced disease progression within six months of starting PHT and the number of patients whose cancer progressed increased with increasing length of follow up. Fourteen patients (17%) eventually underwent a wide local excision under local anaesthetic. CONCLUSIONS PHT can be considered an effective treatment in this elderly, unfit population with the aim of stopping disease progression so that these patients die with their breast cancer, not of it.
Genetic Variation and Inheritance of Diapause Induction in Two Distinct Voltine Ecotypes of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Ikten Cengiz , Skoda Steven R , Hunt Thomas E , Molina-Ochoa Jaime , Foster John E 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), displays a larval diapause in response to short photoperiods and is adapted to a variety of local conditions throughout North America. Hence, the effective photoperiod inducing larval diapause will differ among geographic ecotypes. This study considers the inheritance of photoperiodic larval diapause induction by hybridization and backcrossing two latitudinally distinct ecotypes of the European corn borer collected between 41° N, 96° W and 48° N, 96° W and under a range of photoperiods representative of their respective locations: from 14:10 to16:8 (L:D) h. The ecotype adapted to a bivoltine habitat (southeastern Nebraska) exhibited a shorter critical photoperiod (1480 h) than the ecotype (1533 h), originating from a univoltine habitat (northwestern Minnesota). Reciprocal F1 crosses exhibited intermediate values with indication of sex-linked inheritance. In addition, the male parent had significantly more influence on diapause incidence of subsequent progeny than the female. The F2 and backcross progeny further supported the supposition that diapause response is a sex-linked inheritance. The minimum number of genes estimates, and the response from backcross progeny, suggest that diapause response of European corn borer larva may be controlled by only a few loci. The overall results indicated that both ecotypes had adopted unique diapause responses, which ultimately lead to seasonal synchrony in their ecosystems.
Genetic Markers Indicate a New Species Complex of Emerging Pest Mites in Australian Grains
Authors: Arthur Aston L , Miller Adam D , Weeks Andrew R 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Balaustium medicagoense Meyer & Ryke (Acari: Erythraeidae) and Bryobia spp. Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) are significant emerging pests in Australian grains and pastures. Despite this, there is limited information known on their basic biology, such as species status and reproductive modes, making it difficult to develop effective and sustainable control strategies. The species/strain status of Balaustium and Bryobia mites from southern Australia was examined using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. In addition, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to examine the reproductive mode and genetic diversity of Ba. medicagoense from 16 populations within southern Australia. Results indicate that there is only one species of Balaustium (Ba. medicagoense) and as many as seven species of Bryobia mites currently present in grain crops, pastures and roadsides within southern Australia. The Bryobia species complex consists of four recently described lineages (Bryobia sp. I, Bryobia sp. IV, Bryobia sp. VII, and Bryobia praetiosa Koch) and three additional genetic lineages (Bryobia sp. VIII, Bryobia sp. IX, and Bryobia sp. X) that have not been described previously. Bryobia sp. VIII, B. sp. IX, and B. sp. I seem to be the most abundant species present in Australian broadacre agriculture (i.e., land suitable for farms practicing large-scale crop [agriculture] operations). The AFLP data revealed that Ba. medicagoense reproduces asexually and that genetic diversity was low with only 10 genotypes found. These findings indicate a new complex of pest mites are present within Australian grain crops and pastures and this has implications for their control.
Eggs and Egg Loads of Field-Collected Ctenoplematinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Evidence for Phylogenetic Constraints and Life-History Trade-Offs
Authors: Cummins Heather M , Wharton Robert A , Colvin Aubrey M 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Ctenoplematine Ichneumonidae were sampled with Malaise traps, primarily from central Texas, and dissected to explore variation in reproductive tract morphology, egg size, and egg load. A few species representing the subfamilies Xoridinae, Labeninae, Poemeniinae, Ophioninae, Banchinae, and Tryphoninae were examined for comparison. All ctenopelmatines were synovigenic, but egg size and egg load were highly variable among species. Eggs of koinobionts were always smaller than eggs of the idiobiont taxa Labena, Podoschistus, and Xorides, even after adjustment for body size. Egg loads of koinobionts were significantly larger than those of idiobionts. We discuss our findings in the context of the idiobiont/koinobiont dichotomy and associated life-history traits.
Redescription of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Lutzii, and Resurrection of Anopheles guarani from Synonymy with An. lutzii (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Nagaki Sandra S , Silva Allan M Da , Sallum Maria Anice Mureb 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Anopheles lutzii Cruz (Diptera: Culicidae) is redescribed using specimens collected in Pariquera-Açu, Vale do Ribeira, state of Säo Paulo, southeastern Mata Atlântica, Brazil. Specimens of An. lutzii from Vale do Ribeira and two females from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, are compared with three syntypes of An. lutzii, deposited in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Comparisons of external morphology of specimens from the type locality of Anopheles guarani Shannon demonstrate it is a valid species, and that Anopheles niger Theobald is conspecific with Anopheles guarani stat. rev. The adult male, male terminalia, fourth-instar larva, and pupa of An. guarani stat. rev. are described for the first time. Diagnostic characters of the male and female, male terminalia, fourth-instar larva and pupa of An. lutzii and An. guarani stat. rev. are illustrated. An. guarani stat. rev. is herein resurrected from the synonymy with An. lutzii, and Anopheles niger comb. nov. is transferred from the synonymy with An. lutzii to the synonymy of An. guarani stat. rev.
Detection and Relative Titer ofCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus in the Salivary Glands and Alimentary Canal ofDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Vector of Citrus Huanglongbing Disease
Authors: Ammar El-Desouky , Shatters Robert G , Lynch Christine , Hall David G 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCandidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) bacterium has been strongly implicated as the causative agent of huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, which is currently the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. HLB is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in a persistent manner. We used quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect CLas in dissected organs of individual D. citri adults infected with HLB in the laboratory or collected from field-infected citrus trees in South Florida. The proportion of infected (CLas-positive) dissected organs was 47–70% for the salivary glands, 72–80% for the alimentary canal, and 79–97.5% for the rest of the insect body. Statistical analysis indicated that, in both field- and laboratory-infected D. citri, the proportion of infected salivary glands was significantly lower than that of other parts in the insect body. With field-collected psyllids, the relative copy number of CLas genomes, compared with psyllid genomic DNA in each sample, was significantly higher in both the salivary gland and alimentary canal compared with that in the rest of the insect body for both males and females. These results provide the first PCR confirmation of CLas in the alimentary canal and salivary glands of D. citri and strongly suggest that the salivary glands constitute an important transmission barrier to CLas in the psyllid vector. Our results also suggest that CLas may replicate or accumulate in both the alimentary canal and salivary glands of D. citri.
First Microsatellites fromSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Their Potential use for Population Genetics
Authors: Arias Renée S , Blanco Carlos A , Portilla Maribel , Snodgrass Gordon L , Scheffler Brian E 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis is the first report of sequence-specific microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an economically important pest of crops on the Americas. We isolated 192 microsatellite markers by using pyrosequencing and screened 15 individuals from eight isofamilies collected from three geographical areas: Puerto Rico (PR), Texas (TX), and Mississippi (MS). Isofamilies resistant to Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) also were included. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the potential use of these SSRs in discriminating populations, and colonies were grouped with a reliability of 100% estimated by bootstrap. In this analysis, colonies from TX grouped away from those from PR, but the two MS isofamilies grouped with TX and PR separately. Genetic distance within isofamilies ranged between 0.22 and 0.56, and the minimum distance between isofamilies was 0.83. Unique pattern informative combination (UPIC) scores were calculated, and the 80 SSR markers that had UPIC scores of ≥1 are listed according to their discriminating potential. UPIC scores allow reducing costs by choosing fewer and highly informative markers for future studies. From the best 125 markers, 103 had a maximum of two alleles per sample, making them ideal candidates for population genetic studies. BLAST screening of the sequences points to potential biological meaning of marker polymorphisms. The percentage of alleles shared by the three geographic areas was 14%. The markers reported will significantly enrich the pool of molecular markers available for S. frugiperda. In addition, they could be used for monitoring migration of populations, in the development of biocontrol agents and for management practices in general.
Concurrent Parasitism Alters Thermoregulation in Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Winter Clusters
Authors: Schäfer Marc O , Ritter Wolfgang , Pettis Jeff S , Neumann Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Thermoregulation is crucial for honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colony survival in temperate regions, but possible interference by parasites is currently unknown. The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman are honey bee parasites and both overwinter in host colonies. The efficiency of thermoregulation might thus be affected in infested host winter clusters, due to altered worker activity. Here, we show for the first time that parasites can alter honey bee thermoregulation. Moreover, the data suggest that only combined infestations with V. destructor and A. tumida result in higher thermal maxima in the winter clusters, whereas infestations with one parasite alone had no significant effect compared with the controls. Due to the ubiquitous mite V. destructor combined infestations with parasites or combined infections with pathogens are almost inevitable. Therefore, our data indicate that an altered thermoregulation due to multiple infestations might be another widespread factor contributing to winter losses of honey bee colonies.
Influence of Temperature, Humidity, and Plant Terpenoid Profile on Life History Characteristics of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Tree Melaleuca quinquenervia
Authors: Chiarelli R N , Pratt P D , Silvers C S , Blackwood J S , Center T D 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We investigated how environmental variables influence development and survivorship of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) by quantifying life history characteristics of adults, eggs, and nymphs when held at eight constant temperatures, four relative humidities, and on plants that differed in foliar terpenoid profiles. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that terpenoid profiles or humidity influence B. melaleucae development. Although longevity of adult psyllids is greater on plants that contain E-nerolidol versus viridiflorol profiles, this does not translate to a longer ovipositional period or increased fecundity. Similarly, humidity treatments had a limited and inconsistent effect on B. melaleucae developmental rates and nymphal survivorship. In contrast, developmental rates increased linearly with increasing temperature to an optimum 25°C, whereas greater temperatures caused total developmental rates to decrease. Temperature also affected nymphal survivorship, with no individuals completing development below 10 or above 30°C. Mean maximum daily temperatures in southern Florida commonly exceeded 30°C, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 35°C (in Broward Co.) during 138 d in 2006. Therefore, we conclude that lethal upper temperature thresholds will limit population growth rates during summer.
Statut résidentiel et durée de chômage en France et au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Brunet Carole , Clark Andrew , Lesueur Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2011

Carole Brunet Andrew Clark Jean-Yves Lesueur
Statut résidentiel et durée de chômage en France et au Royaume- Uni
Des études sur données agrégées ont mis en évidence une corrélation positive entre le taux de propriétaires et le taux de chômage en Europe et aux Etats-Unis. Les nombreux travaux éco- nométriques sur données individuelles américaines, danoises, hollandaises ou anglaises, plus rarement sur données françaises, qui ont été développés dans la littérature, ont conduit à des résultats très contradictoires. L'étude économétrique proposée dans cet article s'inscrit dans cette réflexion en proposant une analyse comparée, sur données individuelles britanniques et françaises, des effets du statut résidentiel sur la durée des épisodes de chômage. L'influence des différents modes d'occupation du logement sur la durée de séjour dans l'état de chômage est estimée pour la France à partir du panel européen des ménages et pour le Royaume-Uni à partir du British Household Panel Survey. On contrôle lors des estimations les sources de biais relevant de la censure et de l'auto-sélection. Les résultats économétriques font apparaître des effets très discriminants entre les deux pays. Si la propension à la propriété immobilière augmente la durée de chômage en France, elle n'induit en revanche aucun effet statistiquement significatif en Angleterre. Dans les deux pays, les accédants à la propriété manifestent, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les durées de chômage les plus basses, témoignage de salaires de réserves différenciés au sein des propriétaires. Au Royaume-Uni, ce sont plutôt les locataires du secteur social qui enregistrent les durées de chômage les plus longues, résultat qui ne réfute pas l'observation faite dans d'autres études d'une plus faible mobilité des locataires du secteur social par rapport aux locataires du secteur privé.
The guanine-quadruplex aptamer 93del inhibits HIV-1 replication ex vivo by interfering with viral entry, reverse transcription and integration
Authors: Faure-Perraud Aurélie , Métifot Mathieu , Reigadas Sandrine , Recordon-Pinson Patricia , Parissi Vincent , Ventura Michel , Andréola Marie-Line 
Published: May 2011

Background We have previously identified the guaninerich oligonucleotide (ODN) 93del as a potent inhibitor in vitro of HIV-1 integrase. Moreover, low nanomolar concentrations of ODN 93del have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication in infected cells. Methods To investigate the ex vivo mechanism of ODN 93del inhibition, we analysed its antiviral effects on the early steps of HIV-1 replication such as viral entry, reverse transcription and integration using quantitative PCR. Results In addition to the effect on viral entry previously described for other guanine-quadruplex ODNs, transfection experiments showed that ODN 93del severely affects the proviral integration step independently of the effect on viral entry. Moreover, incubation of viral particles with ODN 93del revealed a potential microbicide activity of the aptamer. Conclusions Our data point to an original multimodal inhibition of HIV-1 replication by ODN 93del, strongly suggesting that targets of guanine-quartet-forming ODNs involve entry as well as other intracellular early steps of HIV-1 replication.
Isolation and Expansion of Regionally Defined Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Pistollato Francesca , Persano Luca , Puppa Alessandro Della , Rampazzo Elena , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis unit describes a protocol for the surgical collection, isolation, and expansion of regionally defined human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)–derived cells. Given the important role played by microenvironmental hypoxia in defining cell phenotype and molecular signaling activation, it is important to distinguish between tumor tissues that were originally localized within the partially necrotic tumor core and those located along the peripheral and vascularized areas. The procedures for enzymatic dissociation of GBM tissues and cell culturing under hypoxia described here are optimized to obtain an efficient single‐cell suspension and subsequent growth, in an effort to avoid the spontaneous induction of cell commitment normally occurring in long‐term cell culture. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 17:3.4.1‐3.4.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.