bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calling names: Humoring caste and caste‐ing humor
Authors: Joshi Bhoomika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat is the role of humor in obfuscating social hierarchy? This article describes how caste prejudices among male taxi drivers in Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas are enacted through the humor of calling each other “funny” names. Such humor is directed toward Dalit drivers whose proper first names are replaced by “funny” names that caricature their personal attributes as an index of their “lower‐caste” identity without addressing it directly. Given the conditions of social change in the practice of caste across India, calling such names provides the “upper‐caste” drivers grounds for the disavowability of addressing caste. Calling Dalit drivers funny first names at the taxi stand eschews addressing directly the collective lower‐caste identity indexed in their last names even as the humor so enacted becomes the premise for identifying their caste identity. It exceeds and bypasses legalized notions of caste atrocity by distorting personal attributes into humorous name‐calling that is indexically removed from the denigration of collective caste identity that can be disavowed. This article offers an ethnography of humor to understand how humorous sociability becomes the means for addressing lower‐caste identity while simultaneously providing the grounds for its obfuscation and disavowal.
Increased adiposity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis – A comparison of the bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body composition
Authors: Räsänen Kati , Soisalo Katja , Markula‐Patjas Kati , Kantanen Saija , Sipilä Kalle , Lakka Timo A. , Valve‐Dietz Anna‐Kaisa , Piippo‐Savolainen Eija , Arikoski Pekka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimHigher adiposity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have been reported in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but body composition measurements have produced inconsistent results. This controlled cross‐sectional study assessed body composition with two methods to evaluate adiposity in children with JIA.MethodsWe measured body composition by dual‐ energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from 79 JIA‐patients in two Finish university hospitals in 2017–2019. Their age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 79) were selected from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children‐ study and through National Registry.ResultsBody fat percentage measured by BIA was higher (mean, SD) in patients compared to controls (23.1 ± 9.3% vs. 20.1 ± 7.5%, p = 0.047). Also, using DXA, there was a tendency of higher body fat percentage in patients (27.1 ± 9.1% vs. 24.6 ± 8.6, p = 0.106). BIA and DXA showed strong correlation (r from 0.810 to 0.977) in all body composition variables.ConclusionIncreased adiposity was observed in patients with JIA. Evaluation of body composition should be included in the multidisciplinary care of JIA to reduce the possible risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. BIA could be a useful tool for assessing body composition due to its clinical availability and safety.
In‐depth study of a speiss/matte sample from Castillo de Huarmey, North Coast of Peru, and its implications for the pre‐Columbian production of arsenic bronze in the Central Andes
Authors: Warchulski Rafał , Kałaska Maciej , Rizzuto Branden Cesare , Sierpień Paula , Pisarek Marcin , Kaproń Grzegorz , Marciniak‐Maliszewska Beata , Jokubauskas Petras , Kotowski Jakub , Środek Dorota , Przadka‐Giersz Patrycja , Giersz Miłosz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to characterize the phase composition and chemistry of the speiss/matte sample from the Metallurgist's Burial at Castillo de Huarmey and to use the information derived from these analyses to infer the temperatures, furnace conditions, and ores associated with the smelting processes, which created the speiss/matte sample. For this purpose, a number of geochemical analyses were performed on the spies/matte fragment: analysis of the general chemical composition (handheld X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry [hhXRF], X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]), analysis of the chemical composition in the micro area (field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy detector [FE‐SEM‐EDS], field emission electron probe microanalysis [FE‐EPMA]), analysis of the mineral composition (X‐ray diffraction [XRD]), and analysis of the phase composition (Raman spectroscopy). Chemical and mineralogical analyses of the speiss/matte specimen determined that the specimen is composed of distinct arsenide, arsenate, sulfide, and glass phases. During the smelting process, the charge material consisted mainly of Cu, Fe, and As sulfides. Arsenopyrite is the most likely candidate as the mineral source of arsenic. In addition, temperatures of at least 1200°C were achieved during the smelting process, with smelting occurring over a relatively short timeframe given that effective density separation of speiss and matte phases was not achieved.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus after kidney transplantation: trough concentration or area under curve‐based monitoring?
Authors: van Gelder Teun , Gelinck Armin , Meziyerh Soufian , de Vries Aiko P. J. , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeasurement of pre‐dose tacrolimus concentrations, also referred to as trough concentrations or C0 (in this paper the term C0 will be used), is the most frequently used parameter for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients after solid organ transplantation. C0 is relatively easy to obtain, and can be combined with other lab tests. C0 monitoring is convenient for patient and hospital staff. Adjusting the dose based on C0 assumes that the C0 has a good correlation with the overall exposure to the drug, as reflected in the area under concentration—time curve (AUC).However, C0 may not be the panacea it is suggested to be, and there are patients who may benefit from additional measurements to more precisely assess drug exposure. Especially in patients with a low C0/dose ratio, the peak tacrolimus concentrations after oral administration may be unexpectedly high, resulting in toxicity and (as has been shown already) in poor long‐term graft survival. At the other extreme, patients who only need a very low dose to reach target C0 may have a low peak and also a low AUC and may be underexposed.In this paper, the limitations of C0 will be discussed, and the type of studies needed to provide the evidence for implementation of more sophisticated therapeutic drug monitoring. The paper focuses on treatment of adult kidney transplant recipients.
Infliximab in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: External evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Heikal Omnia Salah , van Rheenen Patrick F. , Touw Daan J. , Kosterink Jos G. W. , Maurer Marina , Koomen Jeroen V. , Chelle Pierre , Mian Paola 
Published: June 2024

AimsUse of infliximab (IFX) has improved outcomes in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a proportion of patients does not respond to IFX or loses response over time. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modelling is a promising approach for IFX dose optimization, but with the increasing number of PopPK models in literature, model evaluation is essential. The aims of this study are: (i) to validate the predictive performance of existing IFX PopPK models using a cohort of children with IBD; and (ii) to perform a Bayesian estimation of the most suitable model to predict the next IFX concentrations.MethodsPubMed was searched for IFX PopPK models in children. Selected models were rebuilt and analysed using R. Model performance was assessed through goodness‐of‐fit‐plots, residuals against time, prediction error and prediction‐corrected visual predictive checks. The validation cohort consisted of 73 children with IBD who were treated with IFX in our centre between 2017 and 2023 (340 IFX measurements).ResultsWe identified 9 PopPK models. Model bias for individual predicted values ranged from −9.29% to 8.01% compared to bias for population predicted values. The model by Vande Casteele et al. demonstrated superior performance (individual predicted bias 2.13, population predicted bias −6.11); upon Bayesian estimation, it predicted induction trough levels with median error of 12.95% but had a median error of −69% predicting maintenance concentrations.ConclusionThe model by Vande Casteele et al. displayed superior performance in initial evaluations but had a high error in estimating next IFX levels and can only be used in practice to predict induction levels.
Exploring the cytotoxic potential of biflavones of Araucaria cunninghamii: Precise identification combined by LC‐HRMS‐metabolomics and database mining, targeted isolation, network pharmacology, in vitro cytotoxicity, and docking studies
Authors: Sahu Bharat , Chakrabarty Sanheeta , Saini Vaishali , Kandpal Meenakshi , Goel Bharat , Kumari Sanju , Ahmed Ijaz , Jha Hem Chandra , Jain Shreyans K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe leaves of Araucaria cunninghamii are known to be nonedible and toxic. Previous studies have identified biflavones in various Araucaria species. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds from Araucaria cunninghamii after metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Methanol extract of Araucaria cunninghamii leaves was subjected to bioassay‐guided fractionation. The active fraction was analyzed using LC‐HRMS, through strategic database mining, by comparing the data to the Dictionary of Natural Products to identify 12 biflavones, along with abietic acid, beta‐sitosterol, and phthalate. Eight compounds were screened for network pharmacology study, where in silico ADME analysis, prediction of gene targets, compound‐gene‐pathway network and hierarchical network analysis, protein–protein interaction, KEGG pathway, and Gene Ontology analyses were done, that showed PI3KR1, EGFR, GSK3B, and ABCB1 as the common targets for all the compounds that may act in the gastric cancer pathway. Simultaneously, four biflavones were isolated via chromatography and identified through NMR as dimeric apigenin with varying methoxy substitutions. Cytotoxicity study against the AGS cell line for gastric cancer showed that AC1 biflavone (IC50 90.58 μM) exhibits the highest cytotoxicity and monomeric apigenin (IC50 174.5 μM) the lowest. Besides, the biflavones were docked to the previously identified targets to analyze their binding affinities, and all the ligands were found to bind with energy ≤−7 Kcal/mol.
Infinite 3D Landmarks: Improving Continuous 2D Facial Landmark Detection
Authors: Chandran P. , Zoss G. , Gotardo P. , Bradley D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine three important issues in the practical use of state‐of‐the‐art facial landmark detectors and show how a combination of specific architectural modifications can directly improve their accuracy and temporal stability. First, many facial landmark detectors require a face normalization step as a pre‐process, often accomplished by a separately trained neural network that crops and resizes the face in the input image. There is no guarantee that this pre‐trained network performs optimal face normalization for the task of landmark detection. Thus, we instead analyse the use of a spatial transformer network that is trained alongside the landmark detector in an unsupervised manner, jointly learning an optimal face normalization and landmark detection by a single neural network. Second, we show that modifying the output head of the landmark predictor to infer landmarks in a canonical 3D space rather than directly in 2D can further improve accuracy. To convert the predicted 3D landmarks into screen‐space, we additionally predict the camera intrinsics and head pose from the input image. As a side benefit, this allows to predict the 3D face shape from a given image only using 2D landmarks as supervision, which is useful in determining landmark visibility among other things. Third, when training a landmark detector on multiple datasets at the same time, annotation inconsistencies across datasets forces the network to produce a sub‐optimal average. We propose to add a semantic correction network to address this issue. This additional lightweight neural network is trained alongside the landmark detector, without requiring any additional supervision. While the insights of this paper can be applied to most common landmark detectors, we specifically target a recently proposed continuous 2D landmark detector to demonstrate how each of our additions leads to meaningful improvements over the state‐of‐the‐art on standard benchmarks.
The correlation between self‐reported hand eczema and clinically based diagnosis in professional cleaners
Authors: Sedeh Farnam Barati , Ullum Anna Glenn , Michaelsdóttir Thórunn Elísabet , Bang Christensen Karl , Stückler Sarah Gharabaghi , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Mortensen Ole Steen , Ibler Kristina Sophie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost studies investigating the prevalence of hand eczema (HE) in professional cleaners use self‐reported questionnaire‐based data. However, no validation studies of self‐reporting of HE among professional cleaners have previously been conducted.ObjectivesTo investigate (1) the point prevalence of self‐reported HE, (2) the point prevalence of HE estimated by physical examination of the hands and (3) the sensitivity and specificity of self‐reporting of HE compared with the diagnosis based on physical examination among professional cleaners.MethodsProfessional cleaners at three different hospitals in Region Zealand were invited to fill out a questionnaire. The point prevalence of self‐reported HE was estimated based on questions from the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, each cleaner underwent a physical examination of the hands by a dermatologist on the same day.ResultsIn total, 234 cleaners were invited to participate in the study, and 224 (response rate = 96.0%) agreed to take part. Based on the self‐reported questionnaires, 5.3% (n = 12) of the cleaners had current HE. Based on an examination by a physician, 19.2% (n = 43) of the cleaners had current HE. The sensitivity of self‐reported HE was found to be 28.0%, while the specificity was found to be 100.0%. The positive predictive value was found to be 100.0%, while the negative predictive value was 85.0%.ConclusionThe true point prevalence of HE among professional cleaners is underestimated when based on self‐reporting.
Echocardiographic surrogate of left ventricular stroke work in a model of brain stem death donors
Authors: Sato Kei , Hoe Louise See , Chan Jonathan , Obonyo Nchafatso G. , Wildi Karin , Heinsar Silver , Colombo Sebastiano M. , Ainola Carmen , Abbate Gabriella , Sato Noriko , Passmore Margaret R. , Bouquet Mahe , Wilson Emily S. , Hyslop Kieran , Livingstone Samantha , Haymet Andrew , Jung Jae‐Seung , Skeggs Kris , Palmieri Chiara , White Nicole , Platts David , Suen Jacky Y. , McGiffin David C. , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe commonest echocardiographic measurement, left ventricular ejection fraction, can not necessarily predict mortality of recipients following heart transplantation potentially due to afterload dependency. Afterload‐independent left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) is alternatively recommended by the current guideline; however, pulmonary artery catheters are rarely inserted in organ donors in most jurisdictions. We propose a novel non‐invasive echocardiographic parameter, Pressure‐Strain Product (PSP), as a potential surrogate of catheter‐based LVSWI. This study aimed to investigate if PSP could correlate with catheter‐based LVSWI in an ovine model of brain stem death (BSD) donors. The association between PSP and myocardial mitochondrial function in the post‐transplant hearts was also evaluated.MethodsThirty‐one female sheep (weight 47 ± 5 kg) were divided into two groups; BSD (n = 15), and sham neurologic injury (n = 16). Echocardiographic parameters including global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) and pulmonary artery catheter‐based LVSWI were simultaneously measured at 8‐timepoints during 24‐h observation. PSP was calculated as a product of GCS or GRS, and mean arterial pressure for PSPcirc or PSPrad, respectively. Myocardial mitochondrial function was evaluated following 6‐h observation after heart transplantation.ResultsIn BSD donor hearts, PSPcirc (n = 96, rho = .547, p < .001) showed the best correlation with LVSWI among other echocardiographic parameters. PSPcirc returned AUC of .825 to distinguish higher values of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function (cut‐off point; mean value of complex 1,2 O2 Flux) in post‐transplant hearts, which was greater than other echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionsPSPcirc could be used as a surrogate of catheter‐based LVSWI reflecting mitochondrial function.
Trade‐offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies
Authors: Maenhout Peter , Di Bene Claudia , Cayuela Maria Luz , Diaz‐Pines Eugenio , Govednik Anton , Keuper Frida , Mavsar Sara , Mihelic Rok , O'Toole Adam , Schwarzmann Ana , Suhadolc Marjetka , Syp Alina , Valkama Elena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils is an important tool for climate change mitigation within the EU soil strategy for 2030 and can be achieved via the adoption of soil management strategies (SMS). These strategies may induce synergistic effects by simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and/or nitrogen (N) leaching. In contrast, other SMS may stimulate emissions of GHG such as nitrous oxide (N2O) or methane (CH4), offsetting the climate change mitigation gained via SOC sequestration. Despite the importance of understanding trade‐offs and synergies for selecting sustainable SMS for European agriculture, knowledge on these effects remains limited. This review synthesizes existing knowledge, identifies knowledge gaps and provides research recommendations on trade‐offs and synergies between SOC sequestration or SOC accrual, non‐CO2 GHG emissions and N leaching related to selected SMS. We investigated 87 peer‐reviewed articles that address SMS and categorized them under tillage management, cropping systems, water management and fertilization and organic matter (OM) inputs. SMS, such as conservation tillage, adapted crop rotations, adapted water management, OM inputs by cover crops (CC), organic amendments (OA) and biochar, contribute to increase SOC stocks and reduce N leaching. Adoption of leguminous CC or specific cropping systems and adapted water management tend to create trade‐offs by stimulating N2O emissions, while specific cropping systems or application of biochar can mitigate N2O emissions. The effect of crop residues on N2O emissions depends strongly on their C/N ratio. Organic agriculture and agroforestry clearly mitigate CH4 emissions but the impact of other SMS requires additional study. More experimental research is needed to study the impact of both the pedoclimatic conditions and the long‐term dynamics of trade‐offs and synergies. Researchers should simultaneously assess the impact of (multiple) agricultural SMS on SOC stocks, GHG emissions and N leaching. This review provides guidance to policymakers as well as a framework to design field experiments and model simulations, which can address knowledge gaps and non‐intentional effects of applying agricultural SMS meant to increase SOC sequestration.
Size exclusion experiment in a grassland field unravels top–down control of the soil fauna on microbial community assembly
Authors: Jeanbille Mathilde , Romdhane Sana , Breuil Marie‐Christine , Bru David , Geisen Stefan , Mounier Arnaud , Spor Aymé , Philippot Laurent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHighly diverse and abundant organisms coexist in soils. However, the contribution of biotic interactions between soil organisms to microbial community assembly remains to be explored. Here, we assess the extent to which soil fauna can shape microbial community assembly using an exclusion experiment in a grassland field to sort soil biota based on body size. After 1 year, the exclusion of larger fauna favoured phagotrophic protists, with increases up to 32% in their proportion compared to the no‐mesh treatment. In contrast, members of the bacterial community and to a lesser extent of the fungal community were negatively impacted. Shifts in bacterial but not in fungal communities were best explained by the response of the protistan community to exclusion. Our findings provide empirical evidence of top–down control on the soil microbial communities and underline the importance of integrating higher trophic levels for a better understanding of the soil microbiome assembly.
Climate change fluctuations can increase population abundance and range size
Authors: MacDonald Jane Shaw , Lutscher Frithjof , Bourgault Yves 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change threatens many species by a poleward/upward movement of their thermal niche. While we know that faster movement has stronger impacts, little is known on how fluctuations of niche movement affect population outcomes. Environmental fluctuations often affect populations negatively, but theory and experiments have revealed some positive effects. We study how fluctuations around the average speed of the niche impact a species' persistence, abundance and realized niche width under climate change. We find that the outcome depends on how fluctuations manifest and what the relative time scale of population growth and climate fluctuations are. When populations are close to extinction with the average speed, fluctuations around this average accelerate population decline. However, populations not yet close to extinction can increase in abundance and/or realized niche width from such fluctuations. Long‐lived species increase more when their niche size remains constant, short‐lived species increase more when their niche size varies.