bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Épandage agricole des biosolides municipaux : contenu en métaux et en PBDE du lait de vache
Authors: Hébert Marc , Lemyre-Charest Dominic , Gagnon Guy , Messier François , Grosbois Sylvie de 
Published: October 2011

On a mesuré l’impact de l’épandage de biosolides (boues d’épuration municipales traitées) sur la qualité du lait de vache en conditions réelles d’opération à la ferme, selon le cadre réglementaire prescrit au Québec. Le lait de 14 fermes réceptrices de biosolides a été échantillonné dans la région de Saguenay en décembre 2009 et comparé au lait de 14 fermes témoins. Les fermes réceptrices avaient un historique moyen de 11 années d’épandage. L’analyse statistique révèle l’absence d’impact sur la teneur du lait en contaminants inorganiques (arsenic, cuivre, molybdène, zinc et thallium) et suggère l’absence d’hypocuprémie induite chez les bovins des fermes réceptrices. La teneur en diphényls éther polybromés (PBDE) était par contre plus élevée dans le lait du groupe de fermes avec biosolides. Cette différence pourrait être en partie attribuable à la variabilité de l’exposition aux poussières entre les bâtiments d’élevage. La teneur moyenne en PBDE du lait des fermes réceptrices demeure cependant très faible (7,2 ng/L), soit de 3 à 7 fois inférieure aux teneurs moyennes relevées pour divers produits laitiers aux États-Unis et en Europe sur base de la matière grasse. Ces plus faibles teneurs pourraient en partie être expliquées par des dépôts atmosphériques moindres sur les herbages au Saguenay ou par un niveau de contamination moindre des poussières de bâtiments d’élevage. Selon les résultats de cette étude, les connaissances actuelles et les données disponibles, l’épandage de biosolides municipaux selon le cadre réglementaire québécois serait sans impact notable sur l’exposition globale aux PBDE des consommateurs de produits laitiers du Québec.
Vulnérabilité sanitaire et environnementale dans les quartiers défavorisés de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) : analyse des conditions d’émergence et de développement de maladies en milieu urbain sahélien
Authors: Sy Ibrahima , Koita Mouhamadou , Traoré Doulo , Keita Moussa , Lo Baidy , Tanner Marcel , Cissé Guéladio 
Published: October 2011

L’urbanisation non maîtrisée des villes africaines en déficit de services de gestion des déchets urbains génère des paysages qui deviennent des lieux d’interactions multiples et variées entre santé et environnement. Soumise à une forte croissance urbaine dans un contexte de sous-équipement en services d’assainissement, la ville de Nouakchott n’échappe pas à cette situation qui se traduit par la propagation de nombreuses pathologies posant ainsi de multiples problèmes de santé publique. Afin d’étudier les risques sanitaires auxquels s’exposent les populations, une enquête transversale a été menée en août 2004 auprès de 836 ménages dans trois quartiers de la ville. Les résultats de l’étude montrent les principaux problèmes de santé (syndrome du paludisme, syndrome de l’appareil respiratoire, syndrome l’appareil digestif) ressentis par les populations tout en mettant en évidence la prévalence des maladies les plus récurrentes dont les infections respiratoires aiguës (28,0 %) et les diarrhées (17,2 %) ainsi que les facteurs environnementaux d’exposition aux risques sanitaires. Ainsi, l’importance des maladies hygiéniques dans la morbidité globale montre que la ville présente des conditions écologiques favorables au développement de la pathologie urbaine. Le poids déterminant des conditions environnementales dans l’occurrence de ces pathologies permet de conforter les conceptions sur les liens entre santé et environnement. Par ailleurs, ces interactions traduisent l’incidence de la pauvreté urbaine très marquée dans les quartiers étudiés. Ces résultats appellent à une approche intégrée des questions de santé, d’environnement et de pauvreté dans les politiques de développement des villes.
L’alimentation des sociétés urbaines : une cure de jouvence pour l’agriculture des territoires métropolitains ?
Authors: Brand Caroline , Bonnefoy Serge 
Published: October 2011

Cet article se propose d’aborder la question du rôle de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine par rapport à l’émergence d’une nouvelle demande sociale concernant l’alimentation. Nous nous interrogeons sur le nouveau liant que l’alimentation des sociétés urbaines pourrait constituer dans le cadre des rapports entre ville et agriculture. Depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’alimentation des sociétés des pays industrialisés a connu des évolutions profondes et rapides qui ont reconfiguré les rapports au territoire. On observe ainsi un mouvement de balancier entre déterritorialisation et reterritorialisation qui semble actuellement se faire au profit du second. Face à une demande sociale en émergence qui se traduit dans la métropole par un mélange complexe de saveurs territoriales, nous étudions comment la question alimentaire se hisse à l’agenda des collectivités territoriales dans les politiques agricoles périurbaines des agglomérations membres du réseau Terres en Villes. Si cette mise à l’agenda se fait essentiellement pour l’instant par une entrée agricole, nous mettons en avant la façon dont l’alimentation pourrait constituer un levier d’interpellation des politiques d’aménagement dans le cadre de la gestion territoriale de régions urbaines « à vivre ». Ainsi, on observe les prémices d’une émergence de politiques alimentaires, dépassant les seules politiques de circuit-court, créant des liens avec des sphères d’acteurs autres que celles du monde agricole, pouvant se retrouver autour de la question alimentaire pour s’engager dans la construction de territoires métropolitains.
Associations among Individual, Social, and Environmental Barriers and Children's Walking or Cycling to School
Authors: Salmon Jo , Salmon Louisa , Crawford David A. , Hume Clare , Timperio Anna 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To examine associations among individual, social, and environmental barriers and children's walking or cycling to school. Design. Exploratory cross-sectional study. Setting. All eight capital cities in Australia. Subjects. Parents (N = 720) of school-aged children (4–13 years; 27% response rate; 49% parents of boys). Measures. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for parental reporting of barriers to their children's walking or cycling to school, based on a computer-assisted telephone interview. Results. Forty-one percent of children walked or cycled to school at least once per week. Multivariable analyses found inverse associations with individual (“child prefers to be driven” [OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3–0.6], “no time in the mornings” [OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8]); social (“worry child will take risks” [OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9], “no other children to walk with” [OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4–0.99], “no adults to walk with” [OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9]); and environmental barriers (“too far to walk” [OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0–0.1], “no direct route” [OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.7]) and positive associations with “concern child may be injured in a road accident” (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.1) and active commuting. Conclusion. Working with parents, schools, and local authorities to improve pedestrian skills and environments may help to overcome barriers.
Promoting Stair Climbing: Intervention Effects Generalize to a Subsequent Stair Ascent
Authors: Webb Oliver J. , Eves Frank F. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. Studies report a significant increase in stair use when message prompts are introduced at the “point of choice” between stairs and escalators. Climbing one set of stairs, however, will not confer meaningful health dividends. Therefore, this study examined whether exposure to point of choice prompts also encouraged individuals to climb the next set of stairs that they encountered. Design. Interrupted time-series design. Settings. Two separate stair/escalator pairings within a U.K. shopping mall (the “intervention” site and the “generalization” site), separated by a 25-m long atrium. Subjects. Ascending pedestrians (intervention site n = 29,713; generalization site n = 47,553). Interventions. Two weeks of baseline monitoring were followed by a 13-week intervention in which banners carrying health promotion messages were introduced at the intervention site only. Measures. At both sites observers inconspicuously recorded pedestrians' methods of ascent, along with their gender, age, ethnicity, and baggage. Results. Banners increased stair climbing at the intervention site by 161%. Results also suggested a simultaneous increase of up to 143% at the generalization site, where no prompt was in place. At both sites stair use remained significantly elevated 5 weeks after the banners were removed. Conclusions. It appears that exposure to point of choice prompts can encourage pedestrians to climb stairs when they are encountered in a subsequent setting. Consequently stair-climbing interventions are likely to engage the public in more physical activity than previously realized.
Exercise and Self-Esteem in Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Involving Walking and Yoga
Authors: Elavsky Steriani , McAuley Edward 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To examine the effects of walking and yoga on multidimensional self-esteem and roles played by self-efficacy, body composition, and physical activity (PA) in changes in esteem. Design. Four-month randomized controlled exercise trial with three arms: walking, yoga, and control. Subjects. Previously low-active middle-aged women (n = 164; M age = 49.9; SD = 3.6). Intervention. Structured and supervised walking program meeting three times per week for 1 hour and supervised yoga program meeting twice per week for 90 minutes. Measures. Body composition, fitness assessment, and battery of psychologic measures. Analysis. Panel analysis within a structural equation modeling framework using Mplus 3.0. Results. The walking and yoga interventions failed to enhance global or physical self-esteem but improved subdomain esteem relative to physical condition and strength (for walking) and body attractiveness (for both walking and yoga). Over time the effects of PA, self-efficacy, and body fat on changes in physical self-esteem and global esteem were mediated by changes in physical condition and body attractiveness subdomain esteem. Women reporting greater levels of self-efficacy and PA with lower body fat also reported greater enhancements in subdomain esteem. Conclusion. These results provide support for the hierarchic and multidimensional nature of self-esteem and indicate that middle-aged women may enhance certain aspects of physical self-esteem by participating in PA.
Effects of Moisture on the Switching Characteristics of Oxide‐Based, Gapless‐Type Atomic Switches
Authors: Tsuruoka Tohru , Terabe Kazuya , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Valov Ilia , Waser Rainer , Aono Masakazu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResistive switching memories based on the formation and dissolution of a metal filament in a simple metal/oxide/metal structure are attractive because of their potential high scalability, low‐power consumption, and ease of operation. From the standpoint of the operation mechanism, these types of memory devices are referred to as gapless‐type atomic switches or electrochemical metallization cells. It is well known that oxide materials can absorb moisture from the ambient air, which causes shifts in the characteristics of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor devices. However, the role of ambient moisture on the operation of oxide‐based atomic switches has not yet been clarified. In this work, current–voltage measurements were performed as a function of ambient water vapor pressure and temperature to reveal the effect of moisture on the switching behavior of Cu/oxide/Pt atomic switches using different oxide materials. The main findings are: i) the ionization of Cu at the anode interface is likely to be attributed to chemical oxidation via residual water in the oxide layer, ii) Cu ions migrate along grain boundaries in the oxide layer, where a hydrogen‐bond network might be formed by moisture absorption, and iii) the stability of residual water has an impact on the ionization and migration processes and plays a major role in determining the operation voltages. These findings will be important in the microscopic understanding of the switching behavior of oxide‐based atomic switches and electrochemical metallization cells.
Sirenomelia: An epidemiologic study in a large dataset from the International Clearinghouse of Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, and literature review
Authors: Orioli Iêda M. , Amar Emmanuelle , Arteaga‐Vazquez Jazmin , Bakker Marian K. , Bianca Sebastiano , Botto Lorenzo D. , Clementi Maurizio , Correa Adolfo , Csaky‐Szunyogh Melinda , Leoncini Emanuele , Li Zhu , López‐Camelo Jorge S. , Lowry R. Brian , Marengo Lisa , Martínez‐Frías María‐Luisa , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Morgan Margery , Pierini Anna , Ritvanen Annukka , Scarano Gioacchino , Szabova Elena , Castilla Eduardo E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSirenomelia is a very rare limb anomaly in which the normally paired lower limbs are replaced by a single midline limb. This study describes the prevalence, associated malformations, and maternal characteristics among cases with sirenomelia. Data originated from 19 birth defect surveillance system members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, and were reported according to a single pre‐established protocol. Cases were clinically evaluated locally and reviewed centrally. A total of 249 cases with sirenomelia were identified among 25,290,172 births, for a prevalence of 0.98 per 100,000, with higher prevalence in the Mexican registry. An increase of sirenomelia prevalence with maternal age less than 20 years was statistically significant. The proportion of twinning was 9%, higher than the 1% expected. Sex was ambiguous in 47% of cases, and no different from expectation in the rest. The proportion of cases born alive, premature, and weighting less than 2,500 g were 47%, 71.2%, and 88.2%, respectively. Half of the cases with sirenomelia also presented with genital, large bowel, and urinary defects. About 10–15% of the cases had lower spinal column defects, single or anomalous umbilical artery, upper limb, cardiac, and central nervous system defects. There was a greater than expected association of sirenomelia with other very rare defects such as bladder exstrophy, cyclopia/holoprosencephaly, and acardia‐acephalus. The application of the new biological network analysis approach, including molecular results, to these associated very rare diseases is suggested for future studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Antitumor‐Active Arglabin Derivatives
Authors: Csuk René , Heinold Anke , Siewert Bianka , Schwarz Stefan , Barthel Alexander , Kluge Ralph , Ströhl Dieter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractArglabin derivatives varied at the endo‐ or exo‐cyclic double bond were synthesized and studied in a colorimetric sulforhodamine B assay for their cytotoxicity. Variations on the endocyclic double bond led to compounds of reduced cytotoxicity whereas derivatives from the reaction of the α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety led to compounds of similar or only slightly reduced cytotoxicity but different, cell line‐dependent selectivity. In addition, arglabin is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of the guaianolide arborescin.
Green chiral HPLC enantiomeric separations using high temperature liquid chromatography and subcritical water on chiralcel OD and chiralpak AD
Authors: Droux Serge , Félix Guy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report here the application of subcritical water in chiral separations on two popular polysaccharide chiral stationary phases (CSPs): Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD. The behavior of these two CSPs was studied under reversed phase conditions at room temperature to discover the maximum percentage of water in the mobile phase, which provided the separation of enantiomers of flavanone and benzoin, respectively, in a reasonable time (i.e., less than 1 h). Then, the stability of Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD versus temperature was investigated and discussed. Chiralcel OD separation of flavanone racemate was obtained at 120°C with water and 2‐propanol (80/20) as the mobile phase, while benzoin racemate was separated in pure water at 160°C. Separations of several racemates were also presented, and advantages and limitations of the technique were discussed. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particle Shapes in the Drinking Water Filtration Process
Authors: Zielina Michał 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDepth filtration is still one of the most important water treatment processes. It remains difficult to model mathematically because of the complexity of the process and the impact of numerous suspension parameters. The shape of the grains and suspension particles or flocs are among these parameters. The results of theoretical calculations suggest their visible impact on filtration. The shape of the media grain is relatively easy to measure. The shapes of the flocs or suspension particles, which are commonly not perfectly spherical, are much more difficult to predict. However, a few apparatuses developed lasting recent years make this possible. The FPIA 3000, manufactured by Malvern Instruments, uses flow particle image analysis method to measure 26 shape parameters of the suspension particles. Experimental measurement of suspension particle shape after flocculation and after depth filtration has allowed us to answer the question regarding the possible application of this measuring technique in water filtration technology. The experiments have also provided us with detailed information about the shape of flocs and suspension particles in filtered water. High number of particles characterized by circularity lower than 0.8 was detected in flocculated water inflowing to the filter. The particles remained in the outflow was characterized by visibly higher circularity than the particles inflowing to the filter. The results revealed much better removal of the particles characterized by lower circularity during filtration, whereas relation between convexity of the particles and their removal efficiency was not so evident.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Mechanism and Structure
Authors: O'Byrne Justin P. , Li Zhonglai , Jones Sarah L. T. , Fleming Peter G. , Larsson J. Andreas , Morris Michael A. , Holmes Justin D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNitrogen‐doped bamboo‐structured carbon nanotubes have been successfully grown using a series of cobalt/molybdenum catalysts. The morphology and structure of the nanotubes were analysed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The level of nitrogen doping, as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was found to range between 0.5 to 2.5 at. %. The growth of bamboo‐structured nanotubes in the presence of nitrogen, in preference to single‐walled and multi‐walled nanotubes, was due to the greater binding energy of nitrogen for cobalt in the catalyst compared to the binding strength of carbon to cobalt, as determined by density functional theory.
Cyclopentadienyl–NHC Iron Complexes for Solvent‐Free Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Bézier David , Jiang Fan , Roisnel Thierry , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeven cyclopentadienyl–NHC piano‐stool iron complexes were prepared and studied in the catalytic hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones under visible light irradiation. A significant acceleration of the rate was observed when the reactions were carried out under solvent‐free conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses were performed for complexes 5 and 7.
Synthetic Strategies Directed Towards 5a‐Carbahexopyranoses and Derivatives Based on 6‐endo‐trig Radical Cyclizations
Authors: Gómez Ana M. , Uriel Clara , Company Maria D. , López J. Cristóbal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral synthetic strategies directed towards 5a‐carbahexopyranoses and based on 6‐endo‐trig radical cyclization of unsaturated carbohydrate derivatives have been devised. Three elements for regiocontrol to optimize the 6‐endo/5‐exo ratio have been incorporated, and their efficiencies in directing 6‐endo cyclizations have been evaluated. These elements – namely: i) the incorporation of a substituent at C‐5 (radical numbering), ii) the use of a vinyl (rather than alkyl) radical, and iii) the inclusion of ring strain in the system – have proved useful when used in combination. The simultaneous presence of two of them also results in 6‐endo selectivity. On another topic, the ozonation of the ensuing alkenylstananes to afford diols seems to be based on a tin‐oxygen rearrangement, similar to that reported for related vinylsilanes, rather than on remarkable stabilities of tin‐containing primary ozonides as we had previously suggested.
Nanoscale Manipulation of Prednisolone as Electroactive Configuration Using Molecularly Imprinted‐Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
Authors: Rezaei Behzad , Mirahmadi‐Zare S. Z. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrednisolone has no suitable configuration for electroactivation in the potential window from −1.2 to +1.5 V. In this paper, a new catalytic application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) was employed to achieve a suitable prednisolone conformation for electrochemical oxidation. Also, MIP as a recognition element improved the selectivity of the sensor for determination of prednisolone. In addition, to improve the sensitivity of the electrode multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used in the preparation of MIP. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) under optimized conditions, the calibration curve showed a linear dynamic range (0.08–160.00 µM) with a detection limit of 0.05 µM (S/N=3). The modified electrode was successfully applied as prednisolone sensor in real samples such as plasma, urine and pharmaceutical formulation.
Translocation of single‐stranded DNA through the α‐hemolysin protein nanopore in acidic solutions
Authors: de Zoysa Ranulu S. S. , Krishantha D. M. Milan , Zhao Qitao , Gupta Jyoti , Guan Xiyun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effect of acidic pH on the translocation of single‐stranded DNA through the α‐hemolysin pore is investigated. Two significantly different types of events, i.e. deep blockades and shallow blockades, are observed at low pH. The residence times of the shallow blockades are not significantly different from those of the DNA translocation events obtained at or near physiological pH, whereas the deep blockades have much larger residence times and blockage amplitudes. With a decrease in the pH of the electrolyte solution, the percentage of the deep blockades in the total events increases. Furthermore, the mean residence time of these long‐lived events is dependent on the length of DNA, and also varies with the nucleotide base, suggesting that they are appropriate for use in DNA analysis. In addition to being used as an effective approach to affect DNA translocation in the nanopore, manipulation of the pH of the electrolyte solution provides a potential means to greatly enhance the sensitivity of nanopore stochastic sensing.