bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Profiling of Ovarian Carcinoma and Tumor Microenvironment Evolution under Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Yaniz-Galende Elisa , Zeng Qinghe , Bejar-Grau Juan F. , Klein Christophe , Blanc-Durand Felix , Le Formal Audrey , Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Chardin Laure , Edmond Elodie , Marty Virginie , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Joly Florence , Ferron Gwenael , Pautier Patricia , Berton-Rigaud Dominique , Lortholary Alain , Dohollou Nadine , Desauw Christophe , Fabbro Michel , Malaurie Emmanuelle , Bonichon-Lamaichhane Nathalie , Bello Roufai Diana , Gantzer Justine , Rouleau Etienne , Genestie Catherine , Leary Alexandra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study investigates changes in CD8+ cells, CD8+/Foxp3 ratio, HLA I expression, and immune coregulator density at diagnosis and upon neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), correlating changes with clinical outcomes.

Experimental Design:
Multiplexed immune profiling and cell clustering analysis were performed on paired matched ovarian cancer samples to characterize the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) at diagnosis and under NACT in patients enrolled in the CHIVA trial (NCT01583322).

Results:
Several immune cell (IC) subsets and immune coregulators were quantified pre/post-NACT. At diagnosis, patients with higher CD8+ T cells and HLA I+-enriched tumors were associated with a better outcome. The CD8+/Foxp3+ ratio increased significantly post-NACT in favor of increased immune surveillance, and the influx of CD8+ T cells predicted better outcomes. Clustering analysis stratified pre-NACT tumors into four subsets: high Binf, enriched in B clusters; high Tinf and low Tinf, according to their CD8+ density; and desert clusters. At baseline, these clusters were not correlated with patient outcomes. Under NACT, tumors were segregated into three clusters: high BinfTinf, low Tinf, and desert. The high BinfTinf, more diverse in IC composition encompassing T, B, and NK cells, correlated with improved survival. PDL1 was rarely expressed, whereas TIM3, LAG3, and IDO1 were more prevalent.

Conclusions:
Several iTMEs exist during tumor evolution, and the NACT impact on iTME is heterogeneous. Clustering analysis of patients unravels several IC subsets within ovarian cancer and can guide future personalized approaches. Targeting different checkpoints such as TIM3, LAG3, and IDO1, more prevalent than PDL1, could more effectively harness antitumor immunity in this anti-PDL1–resistant malignancy.
Hemorrhage Expansion Rates Before and After Minimally Invasive Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Post Hoc Analysis of MISTIE II/III
Authors: Ziai Wendy C. , Badihian Shervin , Ullman Natalie , Thompson Carol B. , Hildreth Meghan , Piran Pirouz , Montano Nataly , Vespa Paul , Martin Neil , Zuccarello Mario , Mayo Steven W. , Awad Issam , Hanley Daniel F. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Stereotactic thrombolysis for evacuation of large spontaneous intracerebral (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) typically requires stabilizing the hemorrhage preoperatively. We investigated intracranial hemorrhage expansion (HE) in the pre‐ and postrandomization phase of 2 clinical trials of surgical candidates with protocolized computed tomography (CT) imaging up to 10 days after presentation.

Methods
Prospective assessment of sequential pre‐ and post‐randomization CT scans of 141 patients enrolled in MISTIE (Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation) II/ICES (Intraoperative CT‐guided Endoscopic Surgery for ICH) and 499 patients enrolled in MISTIE III. Primary outcomes were prerandomization HE of ICH >6 mL and IVH >5 mL. Secondary outcome was postrandomization HE. Stability was defined as CT time after which no further HE was observed. We evaluated risk factors for ICH/IVH expansion using multivariable logistic regression analyses after adjustment for demographics, ICH characteristics and treatment.

Results
Median (interquartile range) diagnostic ICH volume was 40.4 (29.5–54.1) mL. Prerandomization HE >6 mL was detected in 216 (33.8%) subjects. Median time to hematoma stability from diagnostic CT was 7 (4.7–13.6) hours. Median diagnostic IVH volume was 0 (0–1.9) mL. IVH expansion >5 mL occurred in 40 (6.3%) with stability at 6.9 (4.7–11.2) hours. Of subjects with HE, final expansion events were not yet detected at 12 hours from diagnostic CT in 36% (ICH expansion) and 33% (IVH expansion), respectively, with 91% detected by 24 hours. Independent associations with ICH expansion included age, male sex, White race, anticoagulation, ICH volume, deep ICH location, IVH, and time from symptom onset to diagnostic CT. Postsurgical ICH expansion occurred in 24 patients (6.9%) and was associated with delay in achieving stability, number of alteplase doses, and fewer CT hypodensities on diagnostic CT but not with functional outcome.

Conclusion
In patients with a large ICH eligible for surgical evacuation, about two thirds of HE events stabilize within 12 hours and most within 24 hours. An earlier time window for stereotactic thrombolysis may be feasible.
How Does the Inner Retinal Network Shape the Ganglion Cells Receptive Field? A Computational Study
Authors: Kartsaki Evgenia , Hilgen Gerrit , Sernagor Evelyne , Cessac Bruno 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider a model of basic inner retinal connectivity where bipolar and amacrine cells interconnect and both cell types project onto ganglion cells, modulating their response output to the brain visual areas. We derive an analytical formula for the spatiotemporal response of retinal ganglion cells to stimuli, taking into account the effects of amacrine cells inhibition. This analysis reveals two important functional parameters of the network: (1) the intensity of the interactions between bipolar and amacrine cells and (2) the characteristic timescale of these responses. Both parameters have a profound combined impact on the spatiotemporal features of retinal ganglion cells’ responses to light.
The validity of the model is confirmed by faithfully reproducing pharmacogenetic experimental results obtained by stimulating excitatory DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) expressed on ganglion cells and amacrine cells’ subclasses, thereby modifying the inner retinal network activity to visual stimuli in a complex, entangled manner. Our mathematical model allows us to explore and decipher these complex effects in a manner that would not be feasible experimentally and provides novel insights in retinal dynamics.
Dense Sample Deep Learning
Authors: Hanson Stephen José , Yadav Vivek , Hanson Catherine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Deep learning (DL), a variant of the neural network algorithms originally proposed in the 1980s (Rumelhart et al., 1986), has made surprising progress in artificial intelligence (AI), ranging from language translation, protein folding (Jumper et al., 2021), autonomous cars, and, more recently, human-like language models (chatbots). All that seemed intractable until very recently. Despite the growing use of DL networks, little is understood about the learning mechanisms and representations that make these networks effective across such a diverse range of applications. Part of the answer must be the huge scale of the architecture and, of course, the large scale of the data, since not much has changed since 1986. But the nature of deep learned representations remains largely unknown. Unfortunately, training sets with millions or billions of tokens have unknown combinatorics, and networks with millions or billions of hidden units can't easily be visualized and their mechanisms can't be easily revealed. In this letter, we explore these challenges with a large (1.24 million weights VGG) DL in a novel high-density sample task (five unique tokens with more than 500 exemplars per token), which allows us to more carefully follow the emergence of category structure and feature construction. We use various visualization methods for following the emergence of the classification and the development of the coupling of feature detectors and structures that provide a type of graphical bootstrapping. From these results, we harvest some basic observations of the learning dynamics of DL and propose a new theory of complex feature construction based on our results.
Semantics of Multiword Expressions in Transformer-Based Models: A Survey
Authors: Miletić Filip , Walde Sabine Schulte im 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multiword expressions (MWEs) are composed of multiple words and exhibit variable degrees of compositionality. As such, their meanings are notoriously difficult to model, and it is unclear to what extent this issue affects transformer architectures. Addressing this gap, we provide the first in-depth survey of MWE processing with transformer models. We overall find that they capture MWE semantics inconsistently, as shown by reliance on surface patterns and memorized information. MWE meaning is also strongly localized, predominantly in early layers of the architecture. Representations benefit from specific linguistic properties, such as lower semantic idiosyncrasy and ambiguity of target expressions. Our findings overall question the ability of transformer models to robustly capture fine-grained semantics. Furthermore, we highlight the need for more directly comparable evaluation setups.
Climate Change and India’s Cities: Judicial Responses through the Lens of Sustainability Transformations
Authors: Gill Gitanjali Nain 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cities and urban communities constitute a challenging paradox. They are contributors to climate change and simultaneously are essential focal bases for economic activity. Urbanization, population growth, economic development, and prosperity contribute to increased city greenhouse gas emissions. Envisioning and shaping a shift toward more ambitious climate responses is both an opportunity and a challenge for cities to action transformations toward sustainability. The discourse on sustainability transformations involves the reorientation and restructuring of governance processes and actions. Though the governance of transformation involves multiple actors, this article examines the role of the Indian judiciary in steering a transformation process toward a sustainable and equitable future. Indian city-and-climate-change case law is examined as a case study. Sectoral examples from construction, waste, livestock, transport, and renewable energy illustrate key areas addressed through the judicial incremental-reformist approach. Bolstering the implementation and enforcement of environmental and climate laws alongside the infusion of a powerful sustainability agenda, the Indian judiciary creates enabling conditions for transformational change.
Fact and Fiction in the Dubai cop’s Decision on Fossil Fuels
Authors: Zahar Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The flagship decision of the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, issued on 13 December 2023, appears to call for the elimination of fossil fuels. This would be a first in the annals of the international legal regime on climate change. In reality, I argue, while the decision acknowledges that the world must move away from fossil fuels, it concedes that there is no known practical way of doing so. The combined effect of these positions is the same as the understanding which states had settled on prior to the Dubai conference, namely that each state would work at its own self-determined pace to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
The USCENTCOM Walking Blood Bank Performance Benchmark and Anticipated Benefit of Universal Low Titer Type O Screening
Authors: Hall Andrew , Alba Alexander , Olsen Cara , Greene Nicholas , Hales Kasey , DeWalt Darienne , Drew Brendon , Comes Ryan , Hanson Matthew 
Published: April 2024

The walking blood bank (WBB) is a system for emergency blood acquisition from nearby donors if a patient’s blood needs exceed the immediate supply. USCENTCOM medical units will perform a walking blood bank if immediate blood requirements exceed the local supply. A benchmark WBB performance time was needed to provide a training goal for military WBB exercises. An expeditionary WBB performance time benchmark was created from prospective measurements of USCENTCOM medical unit performance times over 9 months. The mean total time, and new performance benchmark, for a WBB in USCENTCOM was 41.4 min +/− 13.2 min. USCENTCOM time from donor arrival to a transfusable unit mean time was 34.4 +/− 12.1 min. Expeditionary medical units conducting a WBB should expect to meet or exceed the provided benchmark.
From Bytes to Best Practices: Tracing ChatGPT-3.5’s Evolution and Alignment With the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® Guidelines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Management
Authors: Bresler Tamir E. , Pandya Shivam , Meyer Ryan , Htway Zin , Fujita Manabu 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Artificial intelligence continues to play an increasingly important role in modern health care. ChatGPT-3.5 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) has gained attention for its potential impact in this domain. Objective To explore the role of ChatGPT-3.5 in guiding clinical decision-making specifically in the context of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to assess its growth over a period of time. Participants We reviewed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and formulated a complex clinical question for each decision-making page. ChatGPT-3.5 was queried in a reproducible fashion. We scored answers on the following Likert scale: 5) Correct; 4) Correct, with missing information requiring clarification; 3) Correct, but unable to complete answer; 2) Partially incorrect; 1) Absolutely incorrect. We repeated this protocol at 3-months. Score frequencies were compared, and subgroup analysis was conducted on Correctness (defined as scores 1-2 vs 3-5) and Accuracy (scores 1-3 vs 4-5). Results In total, 50-pages of the NCCN Guidelines® were analyzed, generating 50 complex clinical questions. On subgroup analysis, the percentage of Acceptable answers improved from 60% to 76%. The score improvement was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U-test; Mean Rank = 44.52 vs 56.48, P = .027). Conclusion ChatGPT-3.5 represents an interesting but limited tool for assistance in clinical decision-making. We demonstrate that the platform evolved, and its responses to our standardized questions improved over a relatively short period (3-months). Future research is needed to determine the validity of this tool for this clinical application.
“I See Her Able to Stay on Track”: How School Structures Shape Elementary Teachers’ Reported Characterizations and Supports for Students in Mathematics
Authors: Franke Megan , Lee Juliet , Roberts Christine 
Published: April 2024

Background or Context: Teachers knowing their students is consequential for students’ participation and learning. Evidence in mathematics education points to the ways that knowing the details of students’ mathematical thinking supports teacher and student learning. What it means to know students and what teachers learn about their students are situated in the everyday practices of schooling. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: This study investigates how teachers characterized their students mathematically and how they considered meeting students’ needs in math class. Research Design: This qualitative study focused on interviews conducted over four years with 61 teachers of kindergarten through second grade across two school districts. Conclusions or Recommendations: This study found that rather than describing what they knew about the details of their students’ mathematical thinking or detailing specific tasks, tools, or teacher moves that supported their students, many teachers characterized students in ways that were in line with practices that organize districts, schools, and classrooms. Our data raise questions about the ways in which the structures and common practices of schools are shaping teachers’ descriptions of their students in mathematics, and the corresponding classroom practices then engaged.
Sequential Mediation Effects of Organizational Support and Collaboration on Missed Nursing Care
Authors: Kang Yeon-Ji , Uhm Ju-Yeon 
Published: April 2024

Background: It is necessary to find ways to mediate the relationship between role overload and missed nursing care in settings where nursing staffing is inadequate. This study aimed to identify the single and multiple sequential mediation effects of organizational support, nurse-physician collaboration, and nurse-nurse collaboration on the relationship between role overload and missed nursing care. Methods: Data were collected from 237 registered Korean nurses working in general wards in October 2022. The measures used were the modified role overload scale, nurse-physician collaboration scale, nurse-nurse collaboration scale, a short version of the Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and the modified Missed Nursing Care Scale. Data were analyzed using PROCESS macro in SPSS. A hypothesis test was performed using Model 81, proposed by Hayes, which includes serial multiple mediators. Results: Organizational support, nurse-physician collaboration, and nurse-nurse collaboration showed a mediation effect on missed nursing care. Organizational support, nurse-physician collaboration, and nurse-nurse collaboration showed significant multiple sequential mediation effects on the relationship between role overload and missed nursing care. When the indirect effect sizes of nurse-physician collaboration were compared with those of nurse-nurse collaboration in both single and multiple sequential mediation paths, the indirect effect of nurse-physician collaboration was greater than that of nurse-nurse collaboration on the relationship between role overload and missed nursing care. Conclusions: As an alternative strategy to reduce missed nursing care in situations with insufficient nursing staffing, organizational support should precede nurse-physician and nurse-nurse collaboration. In particular, improving nurse-physician collaboration shows promise in mitigating missed nursing care.
Advances in remote and cloud-based simulation through web conferencing platforms
Authors: Causey Chandler , Jones Elisabeth , Califano Michaela , Curtis Abby , Muir Justin , Dauch William , Dell’Aiera Laura , Fitzgerald David 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Simulation-based learning has become an essential element in entry-level perfusion education. While the use of simulation has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes, few institutions possess the budgetary resources to build and maintain a high-fidelity simulation environment. This project aims to identify novel uses of web conferencing platforms to support in-person, remote, and virtual simulation exercises. Methods The Zoom Virtual Meeting platform (Zoom Video Communications, Inc.) was incorporated into the perfusion simulation curriculum at the Medical University of South Carolina CVP Program. Among the observed benefits of incorporating meeting platform software included high-definition audio/visual outputs and recording capabilities, 3-D remote simulation, remote simulation proctoring, and classroom-based learning. Additional Zoom features included remote controlled screen access and sharing, annotations, and break-out rooms and activities. Conclusion The combination of high-fidelity simulation with virtual and remote features may enhance the learning experience in healthcare education. Future developments in technology and software, simulation education, and instructions through virtual/remote learning may provide a pathway for the future of cardiovascular perfusion education.
Evaluation of opioid prescribing for surgical patients discharged from three metropolitan hospitals between 2012 and 2020
Authors: Wembridge Paul , Szmerling Jeremy D , Mar Gordon , Williams Annie 
Published: April 2024

This multicentre, retrospective medical record audit evaluated opioid analgesia prescribing within a Victorian metropolitan public hospital network. The study included all surgical patients discharged between January 2012 and December 2020 with one or more discharge prescriptions from three metropolitan hospitals ( n = 117,989). The main outcome measures were mean oral morphine equivalent daily dose (OMEDD), mean number of opioid types and proportion of patients prescribed one or more slow-release opioids on discharge. Total opioid prescribing (mean OMEDD) peaked in 2013. Between 2017 and 2020 there was a trend towards prescribing fewer opioids on discharge. Over the study period, there was decreasing prescription of codeine and increasing prescription of oxycodone and tapentadol. The proportion of patients prescribed slow-release opioids increased in the earlier years of the study, reaching a peak of 20.6% in 2017. Since 2017 there has been a rapid reduction in the prescription of slow-release opioids. Subanalysis was undertaken to evaluate key changes in the opioid prescribing landscape in the health network. The removal of default opioid pack sizes in the electronic medication management system (December 2014) and the release of the Faculty of Pain Medicine–Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists’ statement regarding the use of opioid analgesics in patients with chronic non-cancer pain (March 2018) were associated with significant reductions in mean OMEDD prescribed on discharge (136 mg vs 122 mg and 120 mg vs 85.4 mg, respectively, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the quantity of opioids prescribed on discharge in this patient group peaked in 2013 and has been decreasing since.
Professionalisation of financial planning in Australia, Canada, and South Africa
Authors: Richards Daniel W , Robinson Chris , Willows Gizelle D 
Published: April 2024

Delivery of apt financial advice to the public has become a high priority in developed countries due to the increased complexity of personal finance. Using the theory of professionalisation and qualitative interviews, we investigate the common barriers that three apex financial planning professional bodies encounter as they create a jurisdiction for Certified Financial Planners® (CFP). We show that a sales orientation, commission-based remuneration, membership entrenchment with financial product providers and other stakeholder lobbying impede the professional bodies’ progress. However, governmental willingness to regulate financial advice, coupled with technological advances, may enable professionalisation. Our article adds to research on the professionalisation of financial planning and offers practical insights into how other bodies around the world can progress CFP’s jurisdiction. Our research differs from the published work on other professions because it is happening even as we write. JEL Classification: J44, L84, K23