bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐dimensional, reach‐scale implementation of space‐time image velocimetry (STIV) and comparison to particle image velocimetry (PIV)
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Kinzel Paul J. , Engel Frank L. , Harrison Lee R. , Hewitt Gregory 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage‐based algorithms have become a powerful tool for estimating flow velocities in rivers. In this study, we generalize the space‐time image velocimetry (STIV) framework for reach‐scale application rather than along a cross section. The new algorithm provides information on both the magnitude and orientation of velocity vectors, and we refer to the algorithm as two‐dimensional STIV, or 2D‐STIV. The workflow involves setting up a grid, using centreline tangent vectors as initial estimates of flow direction, and then extracting space‐time images (STIs) along search lines radiating from each grid node. The autocorrelation function is used to infer the inclination of streak lines present in STIs, which represents the advection of water surface features. Information on flow direction is obtained by evaluating various candidate search lines and identifying that which yields the highest velocity. This search can be performed exhaustively or via optimization. We applied the new 2D‐STIV algorithm to three test cases, one simulated data set and two natural channels, and compared image‐derived velocities to modelled or measured values. We also applied two established particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms to the same data sets. 2D‐STIV performed as well as the two PIV algorithms for simulated images. For a natural river with distinct water surface features, 2D‐STIV was effective for much of the channel but also led to a more patchy, irregular velocity field than the two PIV algorithms. For a site lacking obvious surface features, exhaustive 2D‐STIV led to velocity estimates uncorrelated with field data while the optimization‐based version produced erratic flow directions. 2D‐STIV also required greater image sequence durations, higher frame rates, and generally longer computational run times. Overall, ensemble PIV was the most reliable algorithm.
Factors associated with institutionalization among the oldest old: Results based on the nationally representative study ‘old age in Germany (D80+)’
Authors: Hajek André , Gyasi Razak M. , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the factors associated with institutionalization among individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany (total sample and stratified by sex).Methods/DesignWe used data from the nationally representative ‘Old Age in Germany (D80+)’ (analytic sample: n = 9572 individuals), including individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany. Institutionalization (private living vs. institutionalization) served as an outcome measure. For the written interview, data collection took place from November 2020 to April 2021. Multiple logistic regressions of the overall sample (also stratified by sex) were applied.ResultsIn the analytic sample, 10.2% (95% CI: 9.2%–11.3%) of the participants were institutionalized. The odds of being institutionalized were positively associated with being female (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.80), being 90 years and over (compared to 80–84 years, OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.40), not being married (e.g., being single compared to being married: OR: 14.06, 95% CI: 6.73 to 29.37), higher education (e.g., high education compared to low education: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.84), more favorable self‐rated health (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.62) and greater functional impairment (OR: 15.34, 95% CI: 11.91 to 19.74). Sex‐stratified regressions were also conducted, mostly yielding similar results.ConclusionOur study highlighted the role of several sociodemographic factors (particularly marital status, e.g., being single) and functional impairment for the risk of institutionalization among the oldest old in Germany. This study confirms findings in studies in younger samples that functional decline is the main factor associated with institutionalization. As functional decline may be modifiable, efforts to maintain functional abilities may be important. This knowledge is important for relevant groups (such as clinicians and policy‐makers) because it may guide early intervention and prevention efforts, can help allocate healthcare resources effectively and shape policies to support independent living. Further insights using longitudinal data is recommended.
Working from home: When is it too much of a good thing?
Authors: Rudolph Cort W. , Zacher Hannes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on an integration of meta‐theoretical perspectives on the “too much of a good thing” effect with psychological demands and resources theories, we propose and test nonlinear relations between the percentage of time people work from home and a variety of important work‐related outcomes (i.e., professional isolation, work from home satisfaction, work from home self‐efficacy, work performance, job satisfaction). Then, also based on resource theories, we explore whether and how certain work from home resources (i.e., previous experience working from home, appropriate technologies to facilitate working from home, dedicated workspaces) buffer these nonlinear relations. Data on working from home were provided by n = 994 employees in Germany across 32 monthly measurement waves between April 2020 and December 2022. Our results support the general idea that the percentage of time people work from home has nonlinear associations with a variety of important work‐related outcomes. However, only in a few cases (i.e., work performance, job satisfaction) do these relations take the form of inverse U‐shapes that would be indicative of “too much of a good thing.” Our exploratory analysis suggests that, in several cases, work from home resources can buffer these nonlinear associations. These findings have implications for the continued development of meta‐theoretical perspectives on “too much of a good thing” and for employees' and organizations' attempts to make working from home a positive and productive experience.
Diabetic acidosis with severe fetal hypoxia in pregnancy: Narrative review and case study
Authors: Mam‐Lam‐Fouck Julia , Cheloufi Meryam , Rigouzzo Agnès , Kayem Gilles , Pinton Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnancy could be a disastrous event with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. DKA can occur with a normal blood glucose level, known as euglycemic DKA. It particularly affects pregnant women with type I diabetes. Here, we report the case of a 28 year‐old primigravid patient, with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for 8 years. This patient consulted our department at 29 weeks of gestation with a previous history of headaches, vomiting and diarrhea for 9 h. Blood glucose level was 8.8 mmol/L with a ketone test positive (>15 mg/dL). Blood test showed high anion gap (17.9 mmol/L) with low serum bicarbonate rate (21 mmol/L). Systemic examination and fetal heart rate (FHR) was reassuring. The patient was subsequently discharged. She returned to the clinic 19 h later with further symptoms of nausea, polyuria‐polydipsia, asthenia and a weight loss of 4 kg since the day before. Blood sugar was 14.3 mmol/L and a ketone test was strongly positive. Cardiotocography showed fetal tachycardia and repeated late decelerations. A diagnosis of DKA was made and emergency cesarean was performed for fetal distress. At delivery, pH was acidosis (pH: 7.02, lactates: 6.2). The patient was successfully treated with intravenous hydration and insulin. Neonatal evolution was favorable. Pregnant women with type I diabetes can develop euglycemic DKA. Early recognition and prompt treatment could help prevent severe maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. DKA in pregnant women can induce fetal acidosis with abnormal FHR. In this situation, a cesarean can be performed to improve neonatal outcome even inducing a premature delivery. Prolonged pregnancy can lead to irreversible neonatal brain abnormalities.
Bevacizumab is associated with a higher gastrointestinal/genitourinary fistula or perforation risk in cervical cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Szu‐Ting , Liu Hung‐Hsien , Liu Chia‐Hao , Wang Liang‐Wei , Wang Peng‐Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBevacizumab serves as an effective treatment in cervical cancer patients with metastatic, recurrent, or advanced disease. However, gastrointestinal (GI)/genitourinary (GU) toxicities have been observed after bevacizumab treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay of treatment of cervical cancer.ObjectivesTo investigate the risk of GI/GU toxicities with bevacizumab plus RT compared with RT alone in cervical cancer patients.Search StrategyIn this meta‐analysis, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 25, 2022.Selection CriteriaCohort studies evaluating the association between bevacizumab and GI/GU fistula or perforation in irradiated metastatic, recurrent, or advanced cervical cancer patients.Data Collection and AnalysisResults are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The inconsistency test (I2) was used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's regression test with a two‐tailed P value was used to evaluate publication bias.Main ResultsFour cohort studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 597 women included. There was a significant association between GI fistula/perforation and GU fistula/perforation in irradiated cervical cancer patients receiving bevacizumab (OR 4.03 [95% CI: 1.76–9.20] and OR 4.71 [95% CI: 1.51–14.70], respectively).ConclusionsThe bevacizumab‐containing regimen was associated with an increased risk of GI or GU toxicities in cervical cancer individuals undergoing pelvic RT. These results suggest the bevacizumab‐associated benefits and risk should be better weighted to reach an optimal treatment strategy. Further investigation on optimal dosage and timing of bevacizumab and RT is vital to minimize the adverse events and maximize the benefits.
Synergistic integration of deep learning with protein docking in cardiovascular disease treatment strategies
Authors: Yakoubi Sana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the exploration of the potential of tocopherol‐based nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through an in‐depth molecular docking analysis. The study focuses on elucidating the molecular interactions between tocopherol and seven key proteins (1O8a, 4YAY, 4DLI, 1HW9, 2YCW, 1BO9 and 1CX2) that play pivotal roles in CVD development. Through rigorous in silico docking investigations, assessment was conducted on the binding affinities, inhibitory potentials and interaction patterns of tocopherol with these target proteins. The findings revealed significant interactions, particularly with 4YAY, displaying a robust binding energy of −6.39 kcal/mol and a promising Ki value of 20.84 μM. Notable interactions were also observed with 1HW9, 4DLI, 2YCW and 1CX2, further indicating tocopherol's potential therapeutic relevance. In contrast, no interaction was observed with 1BO9. Furthermore, an examination of the common residues of 4YAY bound to tocopherol was carried out, highlighting key intermolecular hydrophobic bonds that contribute to the interaction's stability. Tocopherol complies with pharmacokinetics (Lipinski's and Veber's) rules for oral bioavailability and proves safety non‐toxic and non‐carcinogenic. Thus, deep learning‐based protein language models ESM1‐b and ProtT5 were leveraged for input encodings to predict interaction sites between the 4YAY protein and tocopherol. Hence, highly accurate predictions of these critical protein–ligand interactions were achieved. This study not only advances the understanding of these interactions but also highlights deep learning's immense potential in molecular biology and drug discovery. It underscores tocopherol's promise as a cardiovascular disease management candidate, shedding light on its molecular interactions and compatibility with biomolecule‐like characteristics.
Do analysts play a monitoring role? Evidence from exogenous changes in litigation risk
Authors: Kim Junwoo , Kim Robert , Kim Sangwan , Musa Prianka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines whether securities litigation and sell‐side equity analysts play a substitutive versus complementary role as an external governance mechanism. We expect the 1999 ruling on the stricter interpretation of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act to make it easier for firms headquartered in the Ninth Circuit to defend against securities class actions filed by shareholders, resulting in weaker protection from a litigation channel and stronger demand for analyst activity. Using a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that analyst coverage increases as litigation risk decreases in the Ninth Circuit firms. Moreover, we find that analyst earnings forecast accuracy increases for firms in the Ninth Circuit following the ruling, consistent with analysts exerting greater efforts to perform their monitoring role. In cross‐sectional tests, we find that the substitution relation between litigation risk and analyst research is more pronounced in firms with a high level of ex‐ante litigation risk. We conduct extensive robustness tests, including another legal event exogenously increasing the risk of litigation, to gain confidence in our interpretations. We contribute to the literature by documenting causal evidence that analysts have greater incentives to provide meaningful equity research as gatekeepers in times of weaker investor protection by securities litigation.
Trauma history and course of therapy in a naturalistic cognitive behavior therapy outpatient sample: An archive data study
Authors: Epe‐Jungeblodt Franziska , Pauli Paul , Schwab Frank , Andreatta Marta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety and depression disorders. Nonetheless, nearly 50% of all patients do not respond. Besides other factors, nonresponse may be linked to traumatic life events. This study aims to assess the relationship between trauma history, applied therapy interventions, and therapy outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed data from 340 CBT outpatients diagnosed with a depression or anxiety disorder and possibly a trauma history treated under naturalistic conditions. Based on their therapy files, we collected information on trauma history, diagnoses, applied interventions, and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms at the start and end of therapy. The relationship between trauma, diagnoses, and intervention use and the development of depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed using Linear Mixed Models.ResultsPatients with a trauma history reported higher pre‐ and posttreatment symptom severity than those without trauma. No differences in applied interventions or decrease in symptom severity were found between patients with and without a trauma history. Specialized interventions were seldom applied.ConclusionAlthough no differences between patients with and without a trauma history were found in therapy response, patients with a trauma history maintained higher levels of symptom severity. These results indicate a need for more personalized interventions and evidence‐based guidelines to personalize CBT for patients with a trauma history and high symptom severity.
SARS‐CoV‐2 induces blood‐brain barrier and choroid plexus barrier impairments and vascular inflammation in mice
Authors: Qiao Haowen , Deng Xiangxue , Qiu Lingxi , Qu Yafei , Chiu Yuanpu , Chen Feixiang , Xia Shangzhou , Muenzel Cheyene , Ge Tenghuan , Zhang Zixin , Song Pengfei , Bonnin Alexandre , Zhao Zhen , Yuan Weiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to more than 700 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus mainly infects the respiratory system, neurological complications are widely reported in both acute infection and long‐COVID cases. Despite the success of vaccines and antiviral treatments, neuroinvasiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains an important question, which is also centered on the mystery of whether the virus is capable of breaching the barriers into the central nervous system. By studying the K18‐hACE2 infection model, we observed clear evidence of microvascular damage and breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Mechanistically, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection caused pericyte damage, tight junction loss, endothelial activation and vascular inflammation, which together drive microvascular injury and BBB impairment. In addition, the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier at the choroid plexus was also impaired after infection. Therefore, cerebrovascular and choroid plexus dysfunctions are important aspects of COVID‐19 and may contribute to neurological complications both acutely and in long COVID.
Gastrointestinal digestion of olive leaf waste from olive mill production chain in a simulator of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro María Esther , Escobar‐Talavera Jorge , Cebrián‐Tarancón Cristina , Llorens Silvia , Alonso Gonzalo L , Salinas M. Rosario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, olive leaves are considered waste, although their high phenolic content makes them a source of antioxidants that could be used directly. The aim of this work was to study the behavior of phenolic compounds contained in olive leaf from the olive mill production chain during their gastrointestinal digestion.RESULTSPhenolic compounds in the gastric digestion analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry increased by 58% to 314.5% compared to the meal, while in the intestinal stage they ranged from 1.87 to 9.04 times higher. An increase of between 187% and 903% in bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in the intestinal phase was observed, except for verbascoside. Furthermore, such compounds were fully bioavailable, except for apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, which showed a bioavailability of 56%.CONCLUSIONThe current study showed that the concentration of oleuropein, apigegin‐7‐O‐glucoside, hydroxytyrosol hexoside and hydroxytyrosol contained in olive leaf continued to be extracted during the gastrointestinal digestion process. Furthermore, the results obtained with respect to their bioaccessibility and bioavailability suggest a good disposition to pass into the bloodstream where they could exert beneficial effects. Therefore, these results are promising for olive leaf becoming a consumable by‐product that could be directly ingested through a simple infusion. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound Patterns of Vitiligo at High Frequency and Ultra‐High Frequency
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Araya Irene , Maass Maximiliano , Valdes Pilar , Zemelman Viviana 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo detect ultrasonographic anatomical alterations in all the skin layers in patients with vitiligo.MethodsA prospective observational color Doppler ultrasound study was performed in nonsegmental face and/or neck vitiligo patients without a history of previous treatments. Two sites, a lesional area and a contralateral clinically healthy region, were ultrasonographically studied and compared in the same patient. All cases were studied in high‐frequency (24 MHz) and ultra‐high‐frequency (70 MHz) ultrasound devices with the highest axial spatial resolution available in the market. Demographic data of the sample, ultrasound grayscale, and color Doppler features were recorded and analyzed.ResultsTen patients met the study criteria (60% females; mean age 49 years). All cases presented ultrasonographic undulation of the epidermis in the affected zones vs 50% in the healthy control regions, being more prominent in the vitiligo areas. Eighty percent demonstrated intense hypoechoic thin plaques in the upper dermis (subepidermal).All vitiligo areas presented thickening and hypoechogenicity of the regional hair follicles and/or pilosebaceous units. Ninety percent showed prominent sebaceous glands, and 20% demonstrated a hypoechoic cap surrounding the sebaceous glands in the lesional areas.Dermal hypervascularity was detected in 100% of the affected regions and 40% of the clinically healthy areas.ConclusionUltrasound can identify subclinical inflammatory cutaneous patterns in the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, pilosebaceous units, and sebaceous glands in vitiligo. This noninvasive information can support early detection, monitoring, and research, including the clinical trials of drugs used to manage this devastating disease.
Compatibility study of topical 0.25% hypericin (HyBryteTM) application in subjects with mycosis fungoides: Results of the HPN‐CTCL‐02 study
Authors: Alexander‐Savino Carolina V. , Rumage Adam , Pullion Christopher , Straube Richard , Schaber Christopher J. , Gilmore Elaine S. , Poligone Brian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHyBryteTM is a photodynamic therapy of topical hypericin that has recently been shown to be safe and efficacious in early stage cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, its efficacy, absorption, and effect on heart function parameters in patients who require greater HyBryteTM exposure is unknown.ObjectivesThe primary objectives in this study were to assess hypericin blood levels using a validated detection method with a cut‐off value of 0.05 ng/mL and to determine if topical HyBryteTM induces any electrocardiogram (EKG) changes during 8 weeks of treatment. A secondary endpoint of this study was to assess the effectiveness of HyBryteTM in this patient population as well as assessing a different additional light device than the one used in the Phase 3 HPN‐CTCL‐01/fluorescent light activated synthetic hypericin trial also entitled “A phase 3 multicenter randomised placebo‐controlled study to determine the efficacy of topical hypericin and light irradiation for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma”.MethodsA confirmatory, prospective, open‐label, single‐centre, interventional study focused on stage IB and IIA mycosis fungoides with more than 10% of their body surface areas involved was performed.ResultsHypericin concentration in K2EDTA whole blood samples collected before and after light activation at Weeks 4, 6 and 8 showed an average blood concentration of 0.13 ng/mL and achieved steady state by Week 4. EKGs were examined for clinical changes at each study visit, including changes in QT intervals and correction of heart rates. No significant clinical changes in EKGs were observed.ConclusionsHypericin does not appear to be significantly absorbed through the skin nor cause significant cardiac changes overall or prolong the QT interval when applied topically. A larger study is necessary to clearly define these results.