bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing caries experience and risk factors in five‐ and six‐year‐old Melbourne children
Authors: Spencer A. J. , Wright F. A. C. , Brown L. M. , Brown L. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent studies have shown a decline in the caries experience in Australian children. It has also been shown that a number of socio‐demographic variables are associated with risk of caries experience. The aims of the present study were to identify changes in caries experience and the association of socio‐demographic variables with risk of caries experience in five‐ and six‐year‐old children over the period 1977 to 1985. In 1985, a sample of 174 children resident in the municipality of Brunswick, a suburb of Melbourne, was examined. A similar sample was drawn from the same area in 1977. The percentage of children caries‐free had greatly increased, while caries experience had decreased. Parental birthplace, occupation and ethnicity were associated with caries experience in 1977 and were used to control for socio‐demographic changes in the samples between the two survey times. In 1985 exposure to water fluoridation was also associated with caries experience. The study highlighted the improvement in dental health of five‐ and six‐year‐old children in Melbourne since 1977 and the consistency of associations between socio‐demographic variables and ‘at risk’ children.
A custom‐designed computer network for a dental clinical school
Authors: Moore C. J. , Robinson J. J. , Lester K. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA local area computer network has been designed and implemented to service predominantly the patient‐related administrative needs of the Westmead Dental Clinical School. The appropriate software has been developed in‐house over a period of time and introduced as the complexity and volume of the tasks increased and as more sophisticated hardware became available.The present arrangement utilizes NEC APC III and NEC APC IV computers with ACSInet networking hardware added to an OMNInet system. Primary functions include the management of extensive patient waiting lists (up to 16 000), treatment lists and laboratory work flow, as well as the provision of a wide range of related statistical information. Wordprocessing is a large scale daily activity. More specialized secondary functions include monitoring of patients allocated to dental students, support of the management of appointments, recalls, mailing lists and some specific research projects including data collection for a quality assurance programme.The network functions separately but simultaneously alongside an extensive hospital‐wide VAX cluster and has greatly simplified the handling and management of a vast array of data essential to the management and evaluation of the treatment provided in the Dental Clinical School.
Post‐orthodontic occlusal function
Authors: Smith A. , Freer T. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe significance of orthodontic treatment in the aetiology of temporomandibular dysfunction continues to be a matter of controversy. However, the evidence of any association has been generally negative. This investigation involved the examination of a study group of 87 post‐orthodontic patients, the average time out of all retention being 52 months. They were compared with an untreated control group. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction were assessed for both groups. In only one instance, soft joint click, was there found to be a significant association between the treatment category and the occurrence of the symptom, there being a higher rate of soft clicks in the post‐treatment group. While this may be ascribed to orthodontic treatment, there was also a different restorative pattern in the two groups. No other significant associations were found.
The effect of public or private management on patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction
Authors: Gerke D. C. , Sambrook P. , Smales R. J. , Goss A. N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAustralians may receive free dental treatment via the public sector if they have a health care card but otherwise must seek treatment via the private sector. These two modes of dental delivery have different objectives, facilities, and patient populations. Two groups of patients, one public and one private, who presented to the same clinicians with temporomandibular joint dysfunction were studied. There were differences in age, numbers of natural teeth and some psychological features. However, the outcome to simple non‐surgical management resulted in similar levels of successful treatment.
Fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with dental local anaesthesia
Authors: Okada Yasusei , Suzuki Hiroko , Ishiyama Ikuo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case is described of sudden death occurring after the use of a noradrenaline‐containing local anaesthetic. Autopsy revealed a massive subarachnoid haemorrhage following a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. The noradrenaline in the local anaesthetic is thought to be an important factor in the cause of the rupture. It is recommended that preparations containing 1:25 000 noradrenaline not be used.
The effect of varnishes and other surface treatments on water movement across the glass ionomer cement surface. II
Authors: Earl M. S. A. , Mount G. J. , Humet W. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aesthetic restorative glass ionomer cements undergo a rather prolonged setting reaction during which time they are susceptible to water uptake and water loss. If they can be maintained in isolation long enough in the oral cavity then the clinical result will be superior.A further series of surface treatments has been tested and it has been shown that immediate covering of the immature glass ionomer cement surface with light‐activated bonding resin is the most effective method of limiting water movement across the surface. This restriction of water movement is not effective for all light‐activated bonding resins suggesting that there may be a physico‐chemical interaction occurring on the glass ionomer cement surface with certain of the resins.
Perceptions of the value of hospital residency and clinical medicine in dental education
Authors: Stacy G. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA survey of the outlook of 81 participating dental undergraduates concerning the value of a general hospital residency programme has been compared with the perceptions of 240 graduate health professionals (dental and medical practitioners, registered nurses and others). There is convincing statistical evidence of pan‐professional support for such a general hospital residency. Better medical preparation of the dental student prior to residency is strongly favoured. Closer links between medicine and dentistry are inevitable as well as being essential for both professions and the community.
Twins and twinning, dentists and dentistry
Authors: Townsend Grant , Richards Lindsay 
Published: May 2009

AbstractComparisons of physical features within identical (monozygous) and non‐identical (dizygous) twin pairs have provided valuable insights into the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to observed variability. The special nature of the twinning process itself also provides an opportunity to learn more about early human development, including how body symmetry is determined.The mechanisms of twinning, mortality and morbidity in twins, determination of body symmetry including the phenomenon of mirror‐imaging, postnatal growth and development of twins, and zygosity determination are discussed.Twin studies with direct relevance to clinical dentistry are reviewed and illustrated by examples from an ongoing investigation of dentofacial morphology in South Australian twins.
The effects of disinfectants on the dimensional stability of alginate impression materials
Authors: Ralph W. J. , Gin S. S. L. , Cheadle D. A. , Harcourt J. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGlutaraldehyde and hypochlorite solutions have been shown to be effective disinfectants for use in the dental surgery. However, their use in the disinfecting of alginate hydrocolloid impression materials must be open to question since these materials are dimensionally unstable when immersed in aqueous solutions for any length of time. This project investigated the dimensional changes noted in casts poured into alginate impressions which had been stored for up to 60 minutes in either hypochlorite or glutaraldehyde solutions.All changes measured were considered to be within clinical tolerance.
Some factors influencing the depth of cure of visible light‐activated composite resins
Authors: Atmadja Gunawan , Bryant Roland W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSome of the factors influencing the depth of cure of four composite resins of different composition were examined. Knoop hardness measurements were carried out at the surface and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm below the surface to which the light was applied. The hardness of the composites decreased with increasing depth and shorter exposure times. The composites continued to polymerize after removal of the light source. Composition of the composite resin has a major effect on the surface hardness and depth of polymerization.
Effect of humidity on calcium sulphate hemihydrate
Authors: Torrance A. , Darvell B. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe conversion of calcium sulphate hemihydrate powders to dihydrate by reaction with atmospheric water vapour has been re‐examined gravimetrically. Storage is usually said to be safe at less than ‘70 per cent RH’, but this is shown to be an inadequate criterion (water vapour pressure being more useful in the context) and based on an inappropriate experiment. At 23°C, greater than about 2.3 kPa water vapour pressure caused rapid reaction, and this may be taken as a more reliable critical value.
Inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus: an unusual cause of a non‐healing extraction socket. Case report
Authors: Hempenstall P. D. , Savage N. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough the healing of extraction sites is generally a rapid and uncomplicated process, delayed healing or overt infection of recent extraction sockets may involve a variety of causes and the clinician must be aware pre‐operatively of both local and systemic influences. Retarded or non‐healing extraction sites always require investigation. This paper looks broadly at the subject of non‐healing extraction sites and reports an unusual case involving an inverted papilloma of the maxillary antrum. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of an antral papilloma causing delayed extraction wound healing.
Factor XI deficiency disclosed following haemorrhage related to a dental extraction. Brief review and case report
Authors: Poker I. D. , Reade P. C. , Cook R. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFactor XI deficiency is a relatively common hereditary coagulation disorder manifested generally as diffuse oozing from a surgical site. Dentists may be the first to discover this deficiency and other coagulopathies after simple tooth extraction.A case is reported which illustrates a typical presentation of this disorder. The need for haemato‐logical examination and special dental care is discussed.
Interpersonal processes in dentistry. Part II
Authors: Dunstone Stephen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper relates an investigation of dentists' perceptions of their patients to a literature review of the interpersonal processes involved in professional helping. Although the concerns of dentists were markedly similar to those of other helping professionals there was a difference in priority possibly reflecting situational factors. The priority of the dentists' concerns were patient likeability, manageability and prognosis.It has been found that, for other helping professionals, four person‐perception processes that occur in everyday life often lead to unfavourable perceptions of clients and work against the motivation to help them. Significant evidence of three of these four processes was found in the constructs described by the dentists. The three processes were: (a) attraction to similarity, (b) personalistic tendency in attributions, and (c) perceptual consequences of the patient's resistance to influence. The fourth process, a tendency to sample negative aspects of patients' behaviour, was not in evidence; on the contrary there was a significant tendency to sample positive aspects of the patients' behaviour by this sample of dentists.
Integration of basic biological sciences and clinical dentistry in the dental curriculum
Authors: Gotjamanos Theo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough dental curricula have undergone significant revision during the past three decades, the problem of linking basic science with clinical dentistry often remains an unmet challenge in dental education. This paper describes the content and method of presentation of a course in oral and dental anatomy which aims to integrate closely basic biological science and clinical dental practice. The course holds considerable promise for overcoming one of the major deficiencies of the horizontally structured curriculum by presenting basic science information and detailing its clinical relevance simultaneously. The academic background, clinical experience, and educational philosophy of the course co‐ordinator and assisting teaching staff are undoubtedly important factors in determining the extent to which integration between basic and clinical science can be achieved.
Survey of dental practice/dental education in Victoria. Part IV. Specialist dental practice
Authors: Stewart Barry L. , Macmillan Cleo H. , Ralph William J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA survey of dentists registered with the Dental Board and resident in the State of Victoria included two sections, one for specialist/restricted practitioners and the other for practitioners, who had gained a postgraduate degree from the University of Melbourne between December 1982 and 1987. The responses of the former suggested that demand for most specialist services appears to be reasonably healthy at the moment and the majority of the latter indicated that they had been adequately trained for specialist practice.It was suggested that there are several market forces which could influence the number of applicants seeking specialist training in future. Strongest demand was likely to be sustained for oral surgery and orthodontics. This is despite evidence of a decline in demand for specialist orthodontic services in private practice. Attention was drawn to the 1986 Ministerial Review of Dental Services in Victoria, in which concern was expressed for the lack of access to orthodontic services for low income families. It was proposed that more cost‐effective methods of deploying orthodontic personnel could be used, as in other countries, to provide this access.Demand for specialist services in endodontics, paediatric dentistry, periodontics and prosthodontics could decline in future as general practitioners steadily broaden their range of services through continuing education courses.
Traumatized anterior teeth in children. A 24‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Meon Rusmah 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objectives of this Malaysian study were to investigate the relationship between severity of trauma and interval before treatment, and the effect of delayed treatment on prognosis. A total of 123 traumatized permanent incisors were observed over a 24‐month period. Results of this study suggest that the interval between trauma and emergency treatment is directly related to the severity of injury and the level of dental awareness of the patients. However, prognosis of these teeth is greatly influenced by the interval between trauma and initial treatment. Pathological pulp changes in these teeth can occur as late as two years after injury and this justifies the necessity for a long observation period following treatment.
Estimating the prevalence of dental phobias
Authors: Francis R. D. , Stanley G. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper estimates the prevalence of dental phobias in the community. Information collected from diverse sources yields a rate for dental phobias within the range 10–14 per cent. It is concluded that the difficulty experienced in obtaining subjects/clients to undertake remedial programmes to overcome dental fear is not due to a shortage of such phobics in the community at large.
Cracked tooth syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment and correlation between symptoms and post‐extraction findings
Authors: Ehrmann E. H. , Tyas M. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough the cracked tooth syndrome has been known for over twenty years, it frequently remains undiagnosed because the condition is not sufficiently well recognized.Cracked tooth syndrome has been defined as an incomplete fracture of the dentine in a vital posterior tooth, and must be distinguished from a split tooth. A diagnosis can often be made by means of the history, and must be confirmed by reproducing the patient's symptoms. The ideal treatment consists of applying a stainless steel band to the tooth, with cessation of symptoms confirming the diagnosis, followed by a full coverage restoration.Case histories illustrating the syndrome are presented, and a further case is reported where a diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome was made, and the tooth extracted, sectioned and stained to show the nature of the cracks and their relationship to the pulp.
Histiocytosis X (Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis) of the palate. Case report
Authors: Loh H. S. , Quah T. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA case of histiocytosis X (Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis) occurring in the maxilla of a two‐year‐old boy is presented. Common dental and oral conditions were considered and eliminated. Diagnosis was made through a biopsy which showed aggregates of histiocytes. Management consisted of multi‐modal treatment. Full skeletal radiographic survey and review were essential to detect other possible sites of involvement. None was found in this case over a four‐year review.
Laser therapy for a haemophiliac. Case report
Authors: Chellappah N. K. , Loh H. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWith adequate precaution, dental procedures which are likely to cause haemorrhage in haemophiliac patients may now be performed with a greatly reduced risk. A case report of a ‘moderate’ haemophiliac who presented with acute pericoronitis is described. The operculum associated with an erupting molar tooth was excised using a laser beam. Pre‐ or post‐operative infusion of Factor VIM was not required. The applications and possible implications of the use of this treatment modality are discussed.
Mandibular overdenture treatment. Case report
Authors: Best Helen A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractComplete mandibular dentures have a significantly lower success rate compared with complete maxillary dentures. Overdentures are feasible alternatives in many instances in attempting to achieve an optimal clinical result.The case of a 56‐year‐old female patient requiring prosthetic rehabilitation is discussed. A complete maxillary denture and a complete mandibular overdenture were constructed.
Impression material consistency and peripheral tissues
Authors: Thomas C. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe behaviour of three alginate impression materials was tested In vivo by sectioning the peripheries of a series of impressions in a standard manner and measuring the extension in three directions: buccal, lingual and into the depth of the sulcus. The three materials used reacted in accordance with their various consistencies. There were statistically significant differences between all the materials in the inferior measurement, but very few differences in the buccal dimension. Lingually however, one extended significantly further than the other two. It is concluded that the facial tissues, probably muscles, play a restraining role in buccal impression material extension but that the inferior and lingual extensions are more susceptible to the consistency of the material rather than the tissues. This should be carefully considered before selecting a suitable material for impressions.
RAS oncogene product expression in normal and malignant oral mucosa
Authors: Freer Elissa , Savage N. W. , Seymour G. J. , Dunn T. L. , Lavin M. F. , Gardiner R. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProto‐oncogenes are important in both normal cellular differentiation and in carcinogenesis. The majority of transforming genes belong to the ras family and the ras gene product has been shown to be elevated in some oral carcinomas. RAP‐5 monoclonal antibody was used to determine the expression of the p21ras protein in normal and neoplastic oral mucosa in an immunohistological study. The expression of p21ras protein was generally restricted to acanthous cells with strong staining in normal oral mucosa and well‐differentiated carcinomas. In contrast, the p21ras protein was not detected in significant amounts in severely dysplastic lesions and poorly differentiated carcinomas. These results suggest that expression of p21ras is a normal feature of more fully differentiated tissues, both normal and neoplastic, and is not useful as an indicator of cell proliferation or ‘malignant potential’.
Interpersonal processes in dentistry. Part I
Authors: Dunstone Stephen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn investigation of dentists' perceptions of their patients found that they were markedly similar to each other and to the perceptions other professional helpers have of their patients. It is suggested that this concurrence of perceptions reflects similar concerns about patients, in particular likeability, manageability, and prognosis. It has been established that several everyday person‐perception processes work against forming favourable perception of patients and that this reduces the helpers' motivation to help them. In common with other professional helpers, these person‐perception processes were evident in the perceptions of the dentists in this sample.
The oral health of the elderly in Melbourne
Authors: Bergman J. D. , Wright F. A. C. , Hammond R. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA survey of 303 subjects over the age of 60 years collected demographic and oral health status data for analysis. The majority of the sample (64.2 per cent) were edentulous. Over 90 per cent of the dentate subjects required scaling and the removal of plaque (CPITN score of TN2); however, just less than half of the sextants examined were excluded because they contained fewer than two functional teeth. About one‐third of the dentate subjects required no treatment for dental caries. Of those who required treatment, most needed only one restoration of any particular type. Total tooth loss was associated with gender, level of education, previous occupation, and birthplace. The need for complex periodontal treatment (TN3) was not high, nor was there a high prevalence of root or cervical dental caries.
Dimensional accuracy of small gold alloy castings. Part 1. A brief history and the behaviour of inlay waxes
Authors: Morey Erica F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPart 1 reviews published studies which relate to materials and techniques contributing to the dimensional accuracy of small dental castings. A brief history of the cire perdue or lost‐wax method of casting alloys and the development of modern dental casting materials and techniques are presented. Data on the behaviour of inlay wax, in particular its contraction and distortion, are reviewed as is the extensive literature about the casting shrinkage of gold alloys (Part 2) and the setting and thermal expansion of investments under both laboratory and practical conditions (Part 3). Part 4 discusses the role of the casting ring and its asbestos liner. Asbestos as a liner has now largely been replaced by two alternative materials, one based on cellulose and the other on ceramic fibres. The limited literature on the effect of these newer materials on casting accuracy is also reviewed, as their introduction may require significant changes in the traditional technology of dental casting.