bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exfoliation corrosion of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy containing Sc examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Y. P. , Pan Q. L. , Li W. B. , Liu X. Y. , He Y. B. , Li C. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe exfoliation corrosion behavior of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy containing Sc artificially aged at 120 °C for 24 h is studied by macroscopic observation techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. After 48 h immersion, the blisters start bursting and delamination initiates, along with the appearance of two time constants in the impedance diagrams. According to the simulation by equivalent circuit, the corrosion rate decreases sharply and then reaches a steady state, which is due to the change of the solution pH and oxide layer thickness, as well as the accumulation of corrosion products.
More on regular and decomposable ultrafilters in ZFC
Authors: Lipparini Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe prove, in ZFC alone, some new results on regularity and decomposability of ultrafilters; among them:(a) If m ≥ 1 and the ultrafilter D is (m(λ+n), m(λ+n))‐regular, then D is κ ‐decomposable for some κ with λ ≤ κ ≤ 2λ (Theorem 4.3(a')).(b) If λ is a strong limit cardinal and D is (m(λ+n), m(λ+n))‐regular, then either D is (cf λ, cf λ)‐regular or there are arbitrarily large κ < λ for which D is κ ‐decomposable (Theorem 4.3(b)).(c) Suppose that λ is singular, λ < κ, cf κ ≠ cf λ and D is (λ+, κ)‐regular. Then:(i) D is either (cf λ, cf λ)‐regular, or (λ', κ)‐regular for some λ' < λ (Theorem 2.2).(ii) If κ is regular, then D is either (λ, κ)‐regular, or (ω, κ')‐regular for every κ' < κ (Corollary 6.4).(iii) If either (1) λ is a strong limit cardinal and λ<λ < 2κ, or (2) λ<λ < κ, then D is either λ ‐decomposable, or (λ', κ)‐regular for some λ' < λ (Theorem 6.5).(d) If λ is singular, D is (μ, cf λ)‐regular and there are arbitrarily large ν < λ for which D is ν ‐decomposable, then D is κ ‐decomposable for some κ with λ ≤ κ ≤ λ<μ (Theorem 5.1; actually, our result is stronger and involves a covering number).(e) D × D' is (λ, μ)‐regular if and only if there is a ν such that D is (ν, μ)‐regular and D' is (λ, ν')‐regular for all ν∼ < ν (Proposition 7.1).We also list some problems, and furnish applications to topological spaces and to extended logics (Corollar‐ies 4.6 and 4.8) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The 𝔧‐eigenfunctions and s ‐numbers
Authors: Edmunds D. E. , Lang J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a compact linear map between Hilbert spaces has an excellent structure that can be described by projections on eigenmanifolds. However, until comparatively recently there were no similar results when the action takes place between Banach spaces. The focus of this paper is on these new developments.Let X and Y be uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces, and let T: X → Y be a compact linear map. Denote by Jx and JY normalized duality mappings on X and Y, respectively. We describe a geometric approach for obtaining a “new” class of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for non‐linear equations of the formS *JY Sx = λJxx,where S denotes the restriction of T to subspaces generated by James orthogonality. Our method, which seems to be more direct than the Lusternik‐Schnirelmann method, is based on a procedure developed recently by Evans, Harris, and one of the authors together with the use of James (otherwise called Birkhoff) orthogonality as a decomposition tool. Using the Hardy operator, for which we prove that “classical” eigenvalues and eigenvalues obtained by the Lusternik‐Schnirelmann method and all “strict” s ‐numbers are same, we give numerical computations indicating that these new eigenvalues lie outside the family of s ‐numbers and that the eigenfunctions are different from classical eigenfunctions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fragmentation pathways of polymer ions
Authors: Wesdemiotis Chrys , Solak Nilüfer , Polce Michael J. , Dabney David E. , Chaicharoen Kittisak , Katzenmeyer Bryan C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is increasingly applied to synthetic polymers to characterize chain‐end or in‐chain substituents, distinguish isobaric and isomeric species, and determine macromolecular connectivities and architectures. For confident structural assignments, the fragmentation mechanisms of polymer ions must be understood, as they provide guidelines on how to deduce the desired information from the fragments observed in MS/MS spectra. This article reviews the fragmentation pathways of synthetic polymer ions that have been energized to decompose via collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), the most widely used activation method in polymer analysis. The compounds discussed encompass polystyrenes, poly(2‐vinyl pyridine), polyacrylates, poly(vinyl acetate), aliphatic polyester copolymers, polyethers, and poly(dimethylsiloxane). For a number of these polymers, several substitution patterns and architectures are considered, and questions regarding the ionization agent and internal energy of the dissociating precursor ions are also addressed. Competing and consecutive dissociations are evaluated in terms of the structural insight they provide about the macromolecular structure. The fragmentation pathways of the diverse array of polymer ions examined fall into three categories, viz. (1) charge‐directed fragmentations, (2) charge‐remote rearrangements, and (3) charge‐remote fragmentations via radical intermediates. Charge‐remote processes predominate. Depending on the ionizing agent and the functional groups in the polymer, the incipient fragments arising by pathways (1)–(3) may form ion–molecule complexes that survive long enough to permit inter‐fragment hydrogen atom, proton, or hydride transfers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:523–559, 2011
Rigorous estimates for the 2D Oseen–Brinkman transmission problem in terms of the Stokes–Brinkman expansion
Authors: Kohr Mirela , Raja Sekhar G. P. , Wendland Wolfgang L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of two‐dimensional (2D) steady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid at low Reynolds number past a porous body of arbitrary shape whose boundary is a closed Lipschitz curve. Assuming that the flow inside the porous body is governed by the Brinkman equation, we consider indirect layer potential representations corresponding to Brinkman, Stokes and Oseen systems. We show that the boundary integral equations of the Oseen–Brinkman coupling turn out to be a regular perturbation of those of the Stokes–Brinkman coupling. This allows us to prove that the difference between the first terms of the matched asymptotic expansions of the Stokes system and of the Oseen system is of the order |ln Re|−3 uniformly in any compact region of ℝ2. Since it is not known whether the coupled Brinkman–Navier–Stokes 2D interface problem has a solution and whether it can be approximated (if exists) by the Brinkman–Oseen transmission problem, these estimates can be considered as a first step in the complete analysis of 2D low Reynolds number flow past a porous body. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traveling wave solutions of the K(m, n) equation with generalized evolution
Authors: Bruzón M. S. , Gandarias M. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have obtained traveling wave solutions of a K(m, n) equation with generalized evolution. A catalogue of new exact solutions are given. A set of solitons, kinks, antikinks and compactons are derived. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits migration, invasion and angiogenesis of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase/Rho signaling pathway
Authors: Hsu Ya‐Ling , Wu Ling‐Yu , Hou Ming‐Feng , Tsai Eing‐Mei , Lee Jau‐Nan , Liang Hsin‐Lin , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Hung Chih‐Hsing , Kuo Po‐Lin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: In this study we first report the antimigration, antiinvasive effect of glabridin, a flavonoid obtained from licorice, in MDA‐MB‐231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells.Methods and results: Glabridin exhibited effective inhibition of cell metastasis by decreasing cancer cell migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In addition, glabridin also blocked human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration and decreased MDA‐MB‐231‐mediated angiogenesis. Further investigation revealed that the inhibition of cancer angiogenesis by glabridin was also evident in a nude mice model. Blockade of MDA‐MB‐231 cells and HUVEC migration was associated with an increase of αγβ3 integrin proteosome degradation. Glabridin also decreased the active forms of FAK and Src, and enhanced levels of inactivated phosphorylated Src (Tyr 416), decreasing the interaction of FAK and Src. Inhibition of the FAK/Src complex by glabridin also blocked AKT and ERK1/2 activation, resulting in reduced activation of RhoA as well as myosin light chain phosphorylation.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that glabridin may be a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of breast cancer in three different ways: inhibition of migration, invasion and angiogenesis.
Experimental and numerical behaviour of reinforced mortar plates subjected to accelerated corrosion
Authors: Nguyen Quang Thanh , Caré Sabine , Berthaud Yves , Millard Alain , Ragueneau Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost reinforced concrete structures are damaged due to corrosion of reinforcements in concrete. In normal conditions the pH near the reinforcements is around 12–13 which means that steel is in a passive state. But aggressive species, such as chloride ions or carbon dioxide, may penetrate into concrete and promote active corrosion. As a consequence (hydro)oxides are produced leading to degradation of concrete structures. For instance cracking of the concrete is generated due to the pressure induced by rust. In this paper, we study the inception and the propagation of cracking on reinforced mortar plates with rebars located either in the middle or at the corner. Additional experiments have been performed on cylindrical specimens to determine the local effect of rust pressure at the interface rust/mortar. The specimens have been subjected to imposed current density in order to enhance the corrosion and digital image intercorrelation has been used to determine displacement fields. The experiments have been compared to numerical modelling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture mechanics analysis of multiple cracks in anisotropic media
Authors: Tu Chia‐Huei , Chen C.‐S. , Yu T.‐T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a single‐domain boundary element method (BEM) for linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis in the two‐dimensional anisotropic material. In this formulation, the displacement integral equation is collocated on the un‐cracked boundary only, and the traction integral equation is collocated on one side of the crack surface only. A special crack‐tip element was introduced to capture exactly the crack‐tip behavior. A computer program with the FORTRAN language has been developed to effectively calculate the stress intensity factors of an anisotropic material. This BEM program has been verified having a good accuracy with the previous researches. Furthermore, by analyzing the different anisotropic degree cracks in a finite plate, we found that the stress intensity factors of crack tips had apparent influence by the geometry forms of cracks and media with different anisotropic degrees. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usage of international continence society standardized terminology: A bibliometric and questionnaire study
Authors: Cartwright Rufus , Cardozo Linda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess the impact of the 2002 International Continence Society (ICS) standardization report on usage of lower urinary tract terminology in research publications, and compare published usage with awareness of standardized terminology among practicing clinicians.MethodsWe searched articles indexed in the Scopus database for pairs of words or phrases, where one was introduced by the 2002 report, making the other obsolete or discouraged. We calculated frequencies of publications using each word or phrase by year. We calculated odds ratios and relative risks for usage of each item of 2002 terminology or its obsolete counterpart, comparing the periods 1996–2002 and 2003–2009. We distributed an email questionnaire to members of the British Society of Urogynecologists (BSUG), asking them to identify which items from a list of terms were current standardized or obsolete terminology.ResultsBibliometric trends varied markedly by word pair. The terms “genuine stress incontinence,” “detrusor hyperreflexia,” and “detrusor instability” became obsolete as recommended by the 2002 report, with a delay of 2–3 years. However, for terms with wider usage beyond the continence field, including “vulvodynia” and “dysuria,” there was no significant adoption of the suggested replacements. Members of BSUG were familiar only with those items of standardized terminology that had been widely used in the literature.ConclusionsThe 2002 ICS standardization report was associated with significant shifts in usage of some items of terminology. ICS and IUGA should redouble efforts to raise awareness of the 2009 standardization report. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1373–1379, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No primary role of ambulatory urodynamics for the management of spinal cord injury patients compared to conventional urodynamics
Authors: Martens F.M.J. , van Kuppevelt H.J.M. , Beekman J.A.C. , Heijnen I.C.M. , D'Hauwers K.W.M. , Heesakkers J.P.F.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimsAdequate urodynamic assessment of bladder behavior is essential in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Ambulatory urodynamics are more sensitive to detect detrusor overactivity (DO) than conventional urodynamics. The primary objective of this study was to determine the value of ambulatory urodynamics for the diagnosis of DO in SCI patients compared to conventional urodynamics.MethodsTwenty‐seven SCI patients who were suspected of DO underwent both conventional and ambulatory urodynamics at one day. A single involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) was defined as a detrusor pressure rise of at least 10 cmH2O. DO according to the ICS definition was used in addition to minimize the influence of catheter artifacts. Outcome of urodynamics was used for decisions on treatment.ResultsAmbulatory urodynamics were more sensitive to diagnose IDC and DO. Conventional urodynamics had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 75% for DO diagnosis compared to ambulatory urodynamics. Mean maximum detrusor pressures did not differ significantly between both urodynamics. When the maximum detrusor pressure at conventional urodynamics did not exceed 40 cmH2O, 83% (10/12) of patients had a mean maximum detrusor pressure under 40 cmH2O at ambulatory urodynamics. Although the inter‐individual DO diagnostic agreement was lower for ambulatory than conventional urodynamics (58%, K = 0.201 vs. 77%, K = 0552), the treatment agreement was higher for ambulatory urodynamics (58% vs. 42%).ConclusionsAmbulatory urodynamics do not seem necessary for diagnosis and risk assessment in SCI patients suspected for DO when conventional urodynamics are done properly. The exact role of urodynamics in treatment decision remains to be determined. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1380–1386, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower bowel function in urinary incontinent women, urinary continent women and in controls
Authors: Wyndaele Michel , De Winter Benedicte Y , Pelckmans Paul , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimsThe anorectum and the lower urinary tract (LUT) are closely related. Clinically, it is important for caregivers to identify the presence of concomitant pathology as early in the diagnostic process as possible. This study evaluates lower bowel symptoms (LBS) in women with different types of urinary incontinence (UI), and compares the outcome with continent women and with a female control group.MethodsFemale patients, consulting at the Functional Unit of our Urology Department, with or without UI, were included in the study (URO patients). A female control group was recruited at the Orthopedic and the General Internal Medicine Consultation and among co‐workers from the hospital (CONTROL group). All were asked to complete a validated, self‐administered questionnaire, which identified the possible presence of UI, allowed categorization by type of UI, and questioned LBS.ResultsURO patients had, regardless of presence and type of UI, more complaints of fecal incontinence (FI) and of constipation than the CONTROL group. Patients with Urge UI and Mixed UI had significantly more difficulty postponing defecation and significantly more FI than Stress UI (SUI) patients and than continent URO patients (27% vs. 8%). More SUI patients reported straining during defecation.ConclusionsOur data confirm that in patients with functional problems of the LUT, the prevalence of LBS is high. Bowel symptoms differ in different types of UI. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:138–143, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantitative proteomic analysis of biofilm adaptation by the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia
Authors: Pham Trong Khoa , Roy Sumita , Noirel Josselin , Douglas Ian , Wright Phillip C. , Stafford Graham P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTannerella forsythia is a Gram‐negative anaerobe that is one of the most prominent inhabitants of the sub‐gingival plaque biofilm, which is crucial for causing periodontitis. We have used iTRAQ proteomics to identify and quantify alterations in global protein expression of T. forsythia during growth in a biofilm. This is the first proteomic study concentrating on biofilm growth in this key periodontal pathogen, and this study has identified several changes in protein expression. Moreover, we introduce a rigorous statistical method utilising peptide‐level intensities of iTRAQ reporters to determine which proteins are significantly regulated. In total, 348 proteins were identified and quantified with the expression of 44 proteins being significantly altered between biofilm and planktonic cells. We identified proteins from all cell compartments, and highlighted a marked upregulation in the relative abundances of predicted outer membrane proteins in biofilm cells. These included putative transport systems and the T. forsythia S‐layer proteins. These data and our finding that the butyrate production pathway is markedly downregulated in biofilms indicate possible alterations in host interaction capability. We also identified upregulation of putative oxidative stress response proteins, and showed that biofilm cells are 10 to 20 fold more resistant to oxidative stress. This may represent an important adaptation of this organism to prolonged persistence and immune evasion in the oral cavity.
Proteomic analyses of monocytes obtained from Hispanic women with HIV‐associated dementia show depressed antioxidants
Authors: Kraft‐Terry Stephanie , Gerena Yamil , Wojna Valerie , Plaud‐Valentin Marines , Rodriguez Yolanda , Ciborowski Pawel , Mayo Raul , Skolasky Richard , Gendelman Howard E. , Meléndez Loyda M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose: Monocyte ingress into the brain during progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) infection parallels the severity of cognitive impairments. Although activated monocyte phenotypes emerge in disease, the functional correlates of these cells remain unresolved.Experimental design: To this end, we studied the proteome of blood‐derived monocytes obtained from Hispanic women with the most severe form of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by CD14+ immunoaffinity column chromatography were >95% pure. Cells were recovered from four patients without evidence of cognitive impairment and five with HAD and analyzed by 2‐D DIGE and tandem MS.Results: Importantly, ADP ribosylhydrolase, myeloperoxidase, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 3, NADPH, and GTPase‐activating protein were all downregulated in HAD. In regards to myeloperoxidase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxin 3, these changes were validated in an additional cohort of 30 patients by flow cytometry.Conclusions and clinical relevance: We conclude that deficits in monocyte antioxidants lead to neuronal damage through the loss of hydrogen peroxide scavenging capabilities; thus exposing neurons to apoptosis‐inducing factors. Altered monocyte functions therefore may contribute to the development and progression of cognitive impairment.
19F NMR studies of α‐synuclein‐membrane interactions
Authors: Wang Gui‐Fang , Li Conggang , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstractα‐Synuclein function is thought to be related to its membrane binding ability. Solution NMR studies have identified several α‐synuclein‐membrane interaction modes in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), but how membrane properties affect binding remains unclear. Here, we use 19F NMR to study α‐synuclein‐membrane interactions by using 3‐fluoro‐L‐tyrosine (3FY) and trifluoromethyl‐L‐phenylalanine (tfmF) labeled proteins. Our results indicate that the affinity is affected by both the head group and the acyl chain of the SUV. Negatively charged head groups have higher affinity, but different head groups with the same charge also affect binding. We show that the saturation of the acyl chain has a dramatic effect on the α‐synuclein‐membrane interactions by studying lipids with the same head group but different chains. Taken together, the data show that α‐synuclein's N‐terminal region is the most important determinate of SUV binding, but its C‐terminal region also modulates the interactions. Our data support the existence of multiple tight phospholipid‐binding modes, a result incompatible with the model that α‐synuclein lies solely on the membrane surface.
Reliability of safety instrumented systems: Where to direct future research?
Authors: Ann Lundteigen Mary , Rausand Marvin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReliability analysis is an important basis for decision making related to design and follow‐up of safety instrumented systems (SISs) in the process industry. A significant research activity has been devoted to this area and has formed the basis for the current analytical methods.Considering the challenges of operating process facilities, it is pertinent to raise the following questions: Have we reached the required level of knowledge? If not, where should we direct future research? This article draws the attention to these questions and outlines the position taken by the authors. The authors hope that this article will initiate further discussions among analysts and researchers having a special interest in SISs. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2010