bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Cues for Healthy Choices on Restaurant Menus: Development and Testing of a Measurement Instrument
Authors: Cassady Diana , Housemann Robyn , Dagher Cindy 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To develop and test the Menu Checklist, an instrument to be used by community members to assess cues for healthy choices in restaurants. Design. Menus from 14 restaurants were coded independently by two trained community reviewers to test the interrater reliability of the instrument. Setting. A low-income, urban, African-American community in Los Angeles, California. Subjects. Restaurants were selected based on community perceptions of their potential to be included in a nutrition education and advocacy program to improve the availability of healthy foods. Measures. The Menu Checklist was adapted from previously tested measurement tools developed by the Prevention Research Center at Saint Louis University. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), κ statistics, and percent agreements were calculated to assess interrater reliability. Descriptive statistics were calculated to show the availability of cues for healthy foods. Results. The interrater reliability coefficients for the majority of items were high (.93–1.0). Labeling on restaurant menus was rare, as were low-fat choices. Fruits and vegetables were readily available: 31% of all entrees included one serving and 39% of all appetizers were primarily fruits and vegetables. Conclusions. The Menu Checklist is a reliable, low-cost means for community members to collect data on influences on food choices in restaurants.
The Association between Multiple Youth Assets and Sexual Behavior
Authors: Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Aspy Cheryl B. , McLeroy Kenneth R. , Luby Christi D. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To investigate the possible positive cumulative effects that youth assets may have on youth sexual behaviors. Design. Cross-sectional data were collected from a randomly selected population by in-home, in-person interviews. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted to determine the potential cumulative effects that youth assets may have on youth sexual behaviors and to test for significant asset by sexual risk behavior trends. Setting. Racially diverse inner-city neighborhoods in two midwestern cities. Subjects. Teenagers (n = 1350; mean age = 15.2 years) and parents of the teenagers (n = 1350). The response rate was 51%. Measures. Demographic factors, nine youth assets, and five sexual behavior outcomes. Results. Significant (p < .05) trends and odds ratios (ORs) were found for three of the five youth sexual behavior outcomes. Youths with more assets were more likely to have never participated in sexual intercourse (OR = 1.32). Of sexually active youths, those with more assets were more likely to have delayed first intercourse until at least 17 years of age (OR = 1.47) and to have used birth control at last sexual intercourse (OR = 1.18). Nonsignificant (p > .05) results were found for current sexual activity and number of sexual partners. Conclusions. The results generally support the notion that the more assets adolescents possess, the more likely they are to engage in positive behavior. Practitioners planning asset-based teenage pregnancy prevention programs might consider promoting several specific youth assets.
Urban Form and Older Residents' Service Use, Walking, Driving, Quality of Life, and Neighborhood Satisfaction
Authors: Patterson Patricia K. , Chapman Nancy J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study explored the relationship between pedestrian-friendly urban form as reflected in new urbanism design guidelines, and neighborhood service use, walking, driving, quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction among older women. Design. A cross-sectional survey compared residents of census tracts similar in demographic characteristics but differing in urban form. Setting. The setting was urban and suburban areas of Portland, Oregon. Subjects. The sample consisted of 372 females living alone over age 70 in six census tracts; 133 (36%) completed surveys. Measures. The New Urbanism Index rated the physical features of respondents' neighborhoods. The Neighborhood Resident Survey assessed travel modes and neighborhood satisfaction. The Quality of Life Index measured resident well-being. The Dartmouth COOP Functional Health Charts measured health status. Group comparisons were made with t-tests and regression analysis. Results. Although limited by the cross-sectional design, the study showed that new urbanism partially explained several differences in service use and activity: distance to a grocery store (r2 change = .11, p = .001), number of services used within 1 mile from home (r2 change = .06, p = .007), number of walking activities (r2 change = .08, p = .001), number of services accessed by walking (r2 change = .14, p = .000), and number of services accessed by driving (r2 change = .05, p = .001). Conclusions. Traditional urban neighborhoods with mixed services and good pedestrian access were associated with increased walking among older residents.
The Relationship of Stage of Change for Smoking Cessation to Stage of Change for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Physical Activity in a Health Plan Population
Authors: Garrett Nancy A. , Alesci Nina L. , Schultz Monica M. , Foldes Steven S. , Magnan Sanne J. , Manley Marc W. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stage of change for smoking cessation and stage of change for (1) fruit and vegetable consumption and (2) physical activity. Design. The data come from a cross-sectional telephone survey administered to a stratified random sample of health plan members (n = 9675). Setting. This study was conducted at a mixed-model health plan with approximately 1 million adult members. Subjects. Respondents were adults age 18 and older, who were randomly selected from five health plan product groups: commercial fully insured, commercial self-insured, two publicly subsidized plans, and Medicare supplemental insurance. Response rates ranged from 74.7% to 90.1% across these groups. Measures. The assessment included demographics and stage of change for smoking cessation, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable intake. Bivariate relationships among variables were analyzed with the use of contingency tables. Ordered logistic regression was used to examine the effects of stage of change for fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity on stage of change for smoking while controlling for other factors. Results. Stage of change for smoking is more clearly related to stage of change for fruit and vegetable consumption (χ2 = 161.3, p < .001; Cramer's V = .11, p < .001) than to stage of change for physical activity (χ2 = 89.7, p < .001; Cramer's V = .08, p < .001). However, stage of change for fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity are not strong predictors of stage of change for smoking. Conclusions. This study indicates that stage of change for both fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity are independent constructs from stage of change for smoking cessation.
Goal Setting as a Strategy for Dietary and Physical Activity Behavior Change: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Shilts Mical Kay , Horowitz Marcel , Townsend Marilyn S. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.Estimate effectiveness of goal setting for nutrition and physical activity behavior change, review the effect of goal-setting characteristics on behavior change, and investigate effectiveness of interventions containing goal setting.Data source.For this review, a literature search was conducted for the period January 1977 through December 2003 that included a Current Contents, Biosis Previews, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ERIC search of databases and a reference list search. Key words were goal, goal setting, nutrition, diet, dietary, physical activity, exercise, behavior change, interventions, and fitness.Study inclusion and exclusion criteria.The search identified 144 studies, of which 28 met inclusion criteria for being published in a peer reviewed journal and using goal setting in an intervention to modify dietary or physical activity behaviors. Excluded from this review were those studies that (1) evaluated goal setting cross-sectionally without an intervention; (2) used goal setting for behavioral disorders, to improve academic achievement, or in sports performance; (3) were reviews.Data extraction and synthesis.The articles were categorized by target audience and secondarily by research focus. Data extracted included outcome measure, research rating, purpose, sample, sample description, assignment, findings, and goal-setting support.Results.Thirteen of the 23 adult studies used a goal-setting effectiveness study design and eight produced positive results supporting goal setting. No adolescent or child studies used this design. The results were inconclusive for the studies investigating goal-setting characteristics (n = 7). Four adult and four child intervention evaluation studies showed positive outcomes. No studies reported power calculations, and only 32% of the studies were rated as fully supporting goal setting.Conclusions.Goal setting has shown some promise in promoting dietary and physical activity behavior change among adults, but methodological issues still need to be resolved. The literature with adolescents and children is limited, and the authors are not aware of any published studies with this audience investigating the independent effect of goal setting on dietary or physical activity behavior. Although, goal setting is widely used with children and adolescents in nutrition interventions, its effectiveness has yet to be reported.
Reliability of Two Color Selection Devices in Matching and Measuring Tooth Color
Authors: Llena Carmen , Lozano Esther , Amengual Jose , Forner Leopoldo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the intra and interdevice reliability of two tooth color measurement devices: EasyShade (ES) and SpectroShade Micro (SSM).

Materials and methods
Tooth color was measured in six maxillary and mandibular. L*, a* and b* values and shade matches to VITA Classical and Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide systems were determined for all teeth. ÄE was assessed. Paired t-test and correlation coefficient (ICC) were used.

Results
Intradevices no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between L*, a*, b*. Interdevice L* and b* were significantly higher for ES (p < 0.05), while a* was significantly higher for SSM (p < 0.05). ÄE showed no significant interdevice difference (p > 0.05). Intradevices ICC values were higher for ES but not significant (p > 0.05).

Discussion
The null hypotheses that they present no differences in their color measuring within devices or shade systems is accepted, but the results allow to reject the null hypotheses that they present no differences in their color measuring or shade systems between devices.

Conclusion
Both EasyShade (ES) and SpectroShade Micro (SSM) show excellent repeatability and so they can be used in office to evaluate tooth color or to assess color changes after treatment.

Clinical significance
Dental color can be diagnosed using dental spectrophotometers, allowing to detect in an objective way therapeutic dental color changes.

How to cite this article
Llena C, Lozano E, Amengual J Forner L. Reliability of Two Color Selection Devices in Matching and Measuring Tooth Color. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(1):19-23.
Effect of Two Types of Composite Fibers on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars: An in vitro Study
Authors: Oskoee Parnian Alizadeh , Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom Mohammad , Kimyai Soodabeh , Oskoee Jafar Sadjadi , Varasteh Sahar 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the use of composite fibers (glass fiber and polyethylene fiber) at the gingival third of mesio-occlusodistal (MOD) cavities on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars.

Materials and methods
A total of 45 extracted premolars underwent endodontic treatment. MOD cavities, 2.5 ± 0.2 mm thick at the buccal and lingual heights of contour, were prepared, with the gingival cavosurface margin 1.5 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, the cavities were restored with Z250 composite resin without the use of any fibers. In groups 2 and 3, the teeth were restored in the same manner as that in group 1 after placement of glass fiber and polyethylene fiber at the gingival third of the cavities, respectively. Subsequent to thermocycling, fracture resistance of the specimens was measured in Newton (N).

Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test at a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results
There were significant differences in the means of fracture resistance values between the three groups (p = 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the fracture resistance between group 2 and groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). However, the differences between groups 1 and 3 were not significant (p = 0.25).

Conclusion
The type of fiber influenced the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human premolars.

Clinical significance
Using glass and/or polyethylene fibers in the gingival third of composite restorations leads to different results in fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars.

How to cite this article
Oskoee PA, Chaharom MEE, Kimyai S, Oskoee JS, Varasteh S. Effect of Two Types of Composite Fibers on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):30-34.
Frictional Resistance between Orthodontic Brackets and Archwire: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Husain Nadeem 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinetic frictional resistance offered by stainless steel and Titanium bracket used in combination with rectangular stainless steel wire during in vitro translatory displacement of brackets.

Materials and methods
In this study. Brackets: (All brackets used had a torque of – 7° and an angulation of 0°): (1) Dynalock (Unitek) 0.018” slot, 3.3 mm bracket width, (2) Mini Uni-Twin (Unitek) 0.018” slot, 1.6 mm bracket width, (3) Ultra-Minitrim (Dentaurum) 0.022” slot 3.3 mm bracket width, (4) Titanium (Dentaurum) 0.022” slot, 3.3 mm bracket width. WIRES: (1) 0.016 × 0.022” stainless steel (Dentaurum), (2) 0.017 × 0.025’'stainless steel (Unitek), (3) 0.018 × 0.025” stainless steel (Dentaurum), elastomeric modules (Ortho Organisers), 0. 009” stainless steel ligature wires, hooks made of 0.021 × 0.025” stainless steel wires, super glue to bond the hooks to the base of the bracket, acetone to condition the bracket and wires before testing and artificial saliva. Brackets were moved along the wire by means of an Instron universal testing machine (1101) and forces were measured by a load cell. All values were recorded in Newtons and then converted into gms (1N-102 gm). 200 gm was then subtracted from these values to find out the frictional force for each archwire/bracket combination. For each archwire/ bracket combination three readings were taken under wet and dry condition and also with stainless steel ligature and elastomeric modules separately.

Results
The results showed that narrow brackets generated more friction than wider brackets. Frictional force was directly proportional to wire dimension. Titanium brackets generated more friction than stainless steel brackets. Archwire and bracket ligated with elastomeric module generated more friction than when ligated with stainless steel ligature wire. Frictional forces in the wet condition were greater than in the dry condition for all archwire to bracket combinations.

Conclusion
Frictional force was seen to be inversely proportional to bracket width, frictional force was inversely proportional to bracket width, and in the wet condition were greater than in the dry condition for all archwire to bracket combinations.

Clinical significance
This study of friction is its role in lessening the force actually received by a tooth from an active component such as a spring, loop or elastic. Hence greater applied force is needed to move a tooth with a bracket archwire combination demonstrating high magnitudes of friction compared with one with a low frictional value.

How to cite this article
Husain N, Kumar A. Frictional Resistance between Orthodontic Brackets and Archwire: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):91-99.
Serum and Saliva Levels of Cathepsin L in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Riahi Esmail 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death nearly all over the world, and accurate and rapid diagnosis of CAD is of major medical and economic importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and saliva levels of cathepsin L in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Materials and methods
In a cross-sectional study, 39 patients with ACS and 28 with controls were recruited to the study, and cathepsin L levels were measured in serum, resting saliva, and stimulated saliva obtained 12 and 24 h after the onset of ACS by ELISA method. Statistical analyses of Fisher's exact test, the Student's t-test or Kruskal-Wallis test were performed.

Results
Stimulated saliva cathepsin L levels in patients with ACS 12 hours but not 24 hours after admission showed significant decrease compared with that in control subjects. However, there were no significant differences in serum and unstimulted saliva cathepsin L levels between groups.

Conclusion
Serum and saliva levels of cathepsin L remain unchanged in patients with ACS and hence may not be a promising factor in CAD risk assessment.

Clinical significance
It seems that serum and saliva cathepsin L may not be a good biomarker for CHD.

Abbreviations
CAD: Coronary artery disease, ACS: Acute coronary syndrome, CHD: Coronary heart disease, EU: Emergency unit, MI: Myocardial infarction.

How to cite this article
Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Riahi E. Serum and Saliva Levels of Cathepsin L in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):114-119.
Flare-up Incidence and Related Factors in Nigerian Adults
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Udoye Christopher I , Aguwa Emmanuel N , Habibi Mehdi 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the incidence of flare-up and the effect of age, gender, visit type, treatment duration, preoperative pain and intraoperative pain on flare-up in Nigerian adults.Materials and methodsA total of 175 participants, aged 18 to 60 years with a necrotic central incisor, with or without preoperative pain, participated. They received postoperative paracetamol tablets and were asked to report back if unbearable pain/swelling developed.ResultsA 10% flare-up rate was recorded, while none of the studied factors had a significant relationship with flare-up.ConclusionThe relationships between flare-up and studied related factors were not proven.Clinical significanceAge, gender, visit type, treatment duration, preoperative pain and intraoperative pain have no effect on flare-up incidence.How to cite this articleUdoye CI, Jafarzadeh H, Aguwa EN, Habibi M. Flare-up Incidence and Related Factors in Nigerian Adults. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):120-123.
Photoelastic Comparison of Single Tooth Implant-Abutment-Bone of Platform Switching vs Conventional Implant Designs
Authors: Zavanelli Adriana Cristina , Zavanelli Recardo Alexandre , Rossi Fabiana 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe maintenance and stability of peri-implantar soft tissue seem to be related to the crestal bone around the implant platform and different implant designs connections might affect this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis the stress distribution in the cervical and apical site of implant-abutment interface of conventional implant joints (external hex, internal hex and cone morse) and compare to the novel platform switching design.Materials and methodsIt was fabricated photoelastic models using five different implant-abutment connection, one set of external hex (Alvim Ti, Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil), one set of internal hex (Full Osseotite, Biomet 3i, Florida, USA), one cone morse set (Alvim CM, Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil), and two sets of internal hex plus platform switching concept (Alvim II Plus, Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil) (Certain Prevail, Biomet 3i, Florida, USA). These models were submitted to two compressive loads, axial from 20 kgf (load I) and another (load II), inclined 45° from 10 kgf. During the qualitative analysis, digital pictures were taken from a polariscope, for each load situation. For the quantitative analyses in both situations of load, the medium, minimum and maximum in MPa values of shear strain were determined in the cervical and apical site. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the results between the different systems and between cervical and apical site were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.ConclusionThe minor stress concentration strongly suggest the use of platform switching design as a manner to prevent bone loss around the implant-abutment platform.Clinical SignificanceFrom the result of this study its possible to make clinical decision for implant system which provides implant components with platform switching characteristics.How to cite this articleRossi F, Zavanelli AC, Zavanelli RA. Photoelastic Comparison of Single Tooth Implant-abutment- Bone of Platform Switching vs Conventional Implant Designs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):124-130.