bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DEXTRAN SERUM MEDIUM FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF INCOMPLETE ANTI‐A AND ANTI‐B
Authors: Munk‐Andersen Georg 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA “completing medium” containing dextran, serum and sodium chloride was prepared especially with a view to the agglutination of red cells sensitized with incomplete anti‐A or anti‐B.The “completing medium” was used on a tile at room temperature (20°‐25°C) with an about 5 per cent suspension of the red cells in a saline solution. Readings were taken macroscopically after 10 minutes' slow, intermittent tilting and moving of the tile.The medium agglutinated red cells which were so weakly sensitized with anti‐A that the direct Coombs' test was negative.The medium agglutinated the red cells of two newborn infants with haemolytic disease owing to ABO incompatibility. Coombs' test was negative in both cases.The medium was used in examinations of 500 umbilical cord blood samples. 22 were of Rh‐positive children of Rh‐immunized mothers. Of the rest of the samples, 11 showed agglutination of the red cells in the medium. All 11 children were of group A or B. The mothers were all of group O. Coombs' test was faintly positive in 2 out of the 11 cases. Elution experiments were made in 10 out of the 11. It was demonstrated in all 10 cases that the child's red cells were sensitized with anti‐A or anti‐B.The dextran serum medium is better than a potent antiglobulin serum for the demonstration of A and B sensitization of red cells, but of no use for the demonstration of sensitization with incomplete anti‐Rh.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE INTRAPERITONEAL GROWTH OF EHRLICH'S ASCITES CARCINOMA
Authors: Hartveit F. 
Published: August 2010

The morphological changes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were followed by serial biopsy. The number of large injured cells was found to increase with time until a critical percentage (30 per cent) was reached. Thereafter there were a few large injured tumour cells while the rest were pyknotic. Large injured tumour cells reappeared in later biopsies but were of different morphology from those preceding pyknosis. It seems likely that the injury in the latter cells is due to immunological damage while that in the former may well be the result of anoxia.There was a marked sex difference in the mode of growth of the tumour in that pyknosis occurred earlier in the females. This supports the author's previous findings (Hartveit 1962a and 1963a) that female mice have greater natural immunity to Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma than males.
STUDIES OF ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN LISTERIOSIS
Authors: Winblad Sten , Borglin N. E. 
Published: August 2010

Healthy subjects and groups of patients suffering from different diseases were examined for elevated titres of antibodies against L.m. O‐agglutinin titres above 1/64, and complement‐fixing antibodies in titres above 1/30 are regarded as significantly increased and suggestive of an infection with L.m. Such an elevated value in combination with the limit value of 1/64 in the case of O‐agglutination, or 1/30 in the case of complement‐fixation is interpreted in a similar manner.In 240 healthy blood donors, elevated titres occurred in 2.9 per cent. In 48 cases of mononucleosis infectiosa there was no single case of any elevated antibody titre against L.m. Nor could any elevated titres be demonstrated in 98 patients with pharyngitis but with a negative Paul‐Bunnell's reaction. In patients suffering from various internal di***, an elevated antibody titre against L.m. was found in 2 per cent and in a rural population, similarly examined, in 1.3 per cent. Persons dealing with poultry do not have antibody titres against L.m. higher than normal.In normal pregnancies as well as in a series of undifferentiated abortions, an elevated antibody titre was demonstrated in 1.1 per cent only. In a selected material of abortions from unknown, but probably infetious causes, or of mothers of infants that died in the perinatal period, or of mothers with diseased or deformed children, however, the amount of serologically positive cases was considerably increased (8–16 per cent), and in these last groups it must be supposed that some of the obstetrical complications were caused by L.m.Healthy pregnant women who gave birth to living, healthy babies showed the same percentage of increased antibody titres as other healthy subjects. An infection with L.m. although stimulating a development of antibodies may thus not always produce any clinical disorder in the child. Also, the infection indicated by the elevated antibody titre may belong to the past.
Expression of Aquaporin Water Channels in Rat Vagina: Potential Role in Vaginal Lubrication
Authors: Park Kwangsung , Han Ho Jae , Kim Soo Wan , Jung Seung Il , Kim Sun-Ouck , Lee Hyun-Suk , Lee Mi Na , Ahn Kyuyoun 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that facilitate water movement across biological membranes. There has been little research on the role of AQPs in the female sexual arousal response.

Aim
The purposes of this study were to investigate the localization and functional roles of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 in rat vagina.

Methods
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (230–240 g, N=20) were anesthetized. The vaginal branch of the pelvic nerve was stimulated for 60 seconds (10 V, 16 Hz, 0.8 ms), and the animals were sacrificed either immediately or 5 minutes later. The expression and cellular localization of AQP1, 2, and 3 were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry of the vagina. The intracellular membrane and plasma membrane fractions of the proteins in vaginal tissue were studied by immunoblot analysis with the differential centrifugation.

Main Outcome Measures
The expression and cellular localization of AQPs, and pelvic nerve stimulation induced translocation of AQPs in rat vaginal tissue.

Results
Immunolabeling showed that AQP1 was mainly expressed in the capillaries and venules of the vagina. AQP2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of the epithelium, and AQP3 was mainly associated with the plasma membrane of the vaginal epithelium. AQPs were found to be present primarily in the cytosolic fraction of untreated tissues. The translocation of AQP1 and 2 isoforms from the cytosolic compartment to the membrane compartment was observed immediately after nerve stimulation and had declined at 5 minutes after nerve stimulation, while the subcellular localization of AQP3 was not changed by nerve stimulation.

Conclusions
These results showed a distinct localization of AQPs in the rat vagina. Pelvic nerve stimulation modulated short-term translocation of AQP1 and 2. These results imply that AQPs may play an important role in vaginal lubrication.
The Use of Intralesional Clostridial Collagenase Injection Therapy for Peyronie's Disease: A Prospective, Single-Center, Non-Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Jordan Gerald H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie's disease afflicts at least 3% of sexually active men over the age of 30. Many pharmacologic therapies have been tried, but to date, no systemic or local therapy has been proven to provide predictable and lasting results.

Aim
This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional clostridial collagenase injection therapy in a series of patients with Peyronie's disease.

Methods
Twenty-five patients aged 21–75 years who were referred to a single institution with a well-defined Peyronie's disease plaque were treated with three intralesional injections of clostridial collagenase 10,000 units in a small volume (0.25 cm3 per injection) administered over 7–10 days, with a repeat treatment (i.e., three injections of collagenase 10,000 units/25 cm3 injection over 7–10 days) at 3 months. Primary efficacy measures were changes from baseline in the deviation angle and plaque size. Secondary efficacy end points were patient responses to a Peyronie's disease questionnaire and improvement according to the investigators' global evaluation of change.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary efficacy measures were change in deviation angle and change in plaque size. Secondary end points were patient questionnaire responses and improvement according to the investigators’ global evaluation of change.

Results
Significant decreases from baseline were achieved in the mean deviation angle at months 3 (P =0.0001) and 6 (P =0.0012), plaque width at months 3 (P =0.0052), 6 (P =0.0239), and 9 (P =0.0484), and plaque length at months 3 (P =0.0018) and 6 (P =0.0483). More than 50% of patients in this series considered themselves “very much improved” or “much improved” at all time points in the study, and the drug was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion
The benefits of intralesional clostridial collagenase injections in this trial lend support to prior studies supporting its use in the management of Peyronie's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study is currently under development.
Transient Acute Neurologic Sequelae of Sexual Activity: Headache and Amnesia
Authors: Larner Andrew J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual activity may on occasion be complicated by neurologic syndromes of headache and amnesia. These syndromes may be alarming not only to patients but also to medical practitioners unfamiliar with them, initiating inappropriate investigations or advice.

Aims
To review the clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigation, pathophysiology, and treatment of primary headache associated with sexual activity and of transient global amnesia precipitated by sexual activity.

Methods
Selective literature review.

Conclusion
Transient headache and amnesia associated with sexual activity are generally benign, self-limited syndromes of presumed vascular origin. The most important differential diagnosis in both instances is subarachnoid hemorrhage, but this may be readily excluded on the basis of clinical and investigational findings. Reassurance, based on clear diagnosis, is the most important treatment.
Baseline Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in a Prostate Cancer Screening Population
Authors: Walz Jochen , Perrotte Paul , Suardi Nazareno , Hutterer Georg , Jeldres Claudio , Bénard Francois , Valiquette Luc , Graefen Markus , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in older men and can be worsened by prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. True ED rates before PCa treatment are mandatory, in order to assess the rate of ED attributable to PCa treatment. Data derived from population-based studies or from patients surveyed after PCa diagnosis, as well as just prior to treatment may not represent a valid benchmark, as health profiles of the general population might be different to those undergoing PCa screening or as anxiety may worsen existent ED.

Aim
To circumvent these limitations, we assessed the baseline rate of ED in PCa diagnosis-free men participating in a PCa awareness event.

Methods
ED was classified according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score as absent (IIEF: 25–30), mild (22–24), mild to moderate (17–21), moderate (11–16), or severe (≤10). Analyses were adjusted according to age and socioeconomic status.

Main Outcome Measures
Of 1,273 asymptomatic men who participated in the event, 1,134 (89.1%) completed the IIEF score.

Results
Mean age was 57.6 years (range 40–89 years). Of all participating men, 50.0% (N=566) were potent, 8.8% (N=100) reported mild, 10.4% (N=118) mild to moderate, 9.4% (N=107) moderate, and 21.4% (N=243) severe ED. Men with ED were significantly older (P &lt;0.001), had no stable partner (P &lt;0.001), lower education (P &lt;0.001), and lower annual income (P &lt;0.001) than men without ED.

Conclusions
One in two men who participated in this PCa awareness event is affected by ED, independent of PCa diagnosis or treatment. Such high prevalence of baseline ED in a PCa screening cohort suggests that in patients treated for PCa, ED may represent a common disorder already present prior to treatment. Moreover, socioeconomic variables were seen to have an important influence on erectile function in this patient cohort.
The Frequency of Sexual Intercourse Reported by Women: A Review of Community-Based Studies and Factors Limiting Their Conclusions
Authors: Schneidewind-Skibbe Anja , Hayes Richard D. , Koochaki Patricia E. , Meyer Joan , Dennerstein Lorraine 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A range of methodological inconsistencies has the potential to affect reported prevalence rates of sexual intercourse.

Aims
We reviewed published studies of sexual intercourse frequency reported by women and associated factors.

Methods
Literature search of electronic databases. Inclusion criteria for selected cross-sectional studies were population and community-based studies of frequency of intercourse in women published in English or German languages with sample size greater than 300. Longitudinal studies were selected if duration was at least 1 year and samples were not clinically based.

Main Outcome Measures
Frequency of sexual intercourse/activities and any associated factors.

Results
There was a great deal of variation in the mean frequency of intercourse across all age groups with higher rates reported by European and American women. There was a reduction in frequency of sexual intercourse from age 50 among women from Europe and the United States. Asian women reported increasing rates through the age group 20–30 followed by a decline. Change with age was not as evident among African and South American studies. Factors most often associated with the frequency of sexual intercourse were age, parity, duration of relationship, pregnancy, time, relationship status, fertility intentions, and contraception.

Conclusions
There is variation in reported frequency of sexual intercourse between studies, age groups, and continents. Some of the variation may be due to variation in definitions, study designs, and methods suggesting a need for greater consistency in research practice.
Giving Patients with Erectile Dysfunction the Opportunity to Try All Three Available Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Contributes to Better Long-Term Treatment Compliance
Authors: Ljunggren Christina , Hedelin Hans , Salomonsson Karin , Ströberg Peter 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are three phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors marketed, sildenafil, Vardenafil, and tadalafil for oral treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Although the treatment is simple and mostly effective, around 50% has ceased to use the medication within 2 years. One recently described way to improve the compliance is to let the patient try all the three PDE5 inhibitors and to prescribe the drug(s) he and his partner desires.

Aim
To study long-term compliance among patients who were treated according to this “three-drug regime.”

Main Outcome Measures
Compliance and reasons for discontinuation after &gt;2 years.

Methods
The men who, during 2003, were enrolled in a treatment regime, where they had the opportunity to test all the three drugs and to chose the one(s) they preferred, were interviewed in 2006 by telephone concerning their ongoing ED treatment and the reason for discontinuation.

Results
Of the 138 men, mean age 60 years (36–79 years), who had been enrolled and successfully treated with the three-drug regime, 127 (92%) could be reached. The mean follow-up time was 27 months (23–34 months). Of the 127 men, as many as 109 (86%) were still using PDE5 inhibitors. A few (8%) used more than two tablets per week. The majority (44%) used one to two tablets per week or one to two per month (43%), the others (5%) less often. The causes for discontinuation were varying. The most common reason (N=7) was return of a satisfactory non-assisted erection. Seventy-five percent of the men used only one drug; the others switched between a short- and long-acting drug depending on the situation. It was not uncommon (25%) that the preference had changed during the 3 years of PDE5 inhibitor use.

Conclusion
To let patients with ED test the three available PDE5 inhibitors results in an unusually high compliance even under an extended period of time (&gt;2 years).
Evaluating the Sexual Experience in Men: Validation of the Sexual Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Mulhall John P. , King Rosie , Kirby Michael , Hvidsten Kyle , Symonds Tara , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The absence of a single brief measure that assesses function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) hinders evaluation of the sexual experience in men with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To psychometrically analyze the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEX-Q).

Methods
Two data sets were studied. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of flexible-dose sildenafil for ED treatment provided the final clinical trial data set (213 men enrolled, 4 of whom did not receive treatment) and the interim clinical trial data set (190 men screened and 165 men enrolled). The survey data set consisted of 902 respondents to a U.S. community health survey, of whom two-thirds had ED and one-third did not.

Main Outcome Measures
Quality and distribution of responses, comparative fit, item-level discriminant testing, internal consistency (Cronbach α), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), known-groups validity (vs. International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF] ED severity groups), convergent validity (Pearson correlation coefficients with scores on the IIEF, Self-Esteem and Relationship [SEAR] questionnaire, and Quality of Erection Questionnaire [QEQ]), responsiveness, and clinically important difference (CID).

Results
The original 15 items were reduced to 12 items in three domains (erection, individual satisfaction, and couple satisfaction), which demonstrated good quality responses for all items; a strong factor structure; excellent internal consistency; good test–retest reliability; clear known-groups validity across the severity groups; moderate to strong convergent validity against the IIEF, SEAR, and QEQ; and high treatment responsiveness. The estimated CID ranged from 16.0 to 22.3 across domains.

Conclusions
The SEX-Q is the first questionnaire to solely and exclusively combine functional and HRQoL concepts (erection, individual satisfaction, and couple satisfaction domains) in a brief questionnaire, which allows a more focused and less burdensome evaluation of the sexual experience, making it a potentially useful measure for clinical trial research.
Effect of Hemin and Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule (CORM-3) on cGMP in Rat Penile Tissue
Authors: Abdel Aziz M. Talaat , El-Asmar M. Farid , Mostafa Taymour , Atta Hazem , Fouad Hanan H. , Roshdy Nagwa K. , Rashed Laila A. , Obaia Eman A. , Sabry Dina A. , Abdel Aziz Ahmed T. , Drummond George , Olszanecki Rafal 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels can be regulated by heme oxygenase-1 and 2 (HO-1 and HO-2)-derived carbon monoxide (CO).

Aims
Assessment of the effect of upregulating CO in rat corpora cavernosa (CC) on cavernous cGMP.

Methods
Three experimental groups were studied: first group (N=40), short-term HO induction over 2 weeks by injection of intraperitoneal increasing doses of hemin; the second group (N=40) was subjected to intracavernosal injection of CO donor, CORM-3, or its inactive form (iCORM-3) over 2 weeks; the third group (N=60) was subdivided into three subgroups: the first one received a combined hemin and CORM-3, the second one received hemin and its inhibitor stannus mesoporphyrin (SnMP), and third one received a combined hemin, CORM-3, and SnMP.

Main Outcome Measures
In CC, HO-1 and HO-2 gene expression, Northern blot and Western blot, cGMP levels, and HO enzyme activity.

Results
In the first group, maximum induction of HO-1 gene expression, HO enzyme activity, and cGMP occurred with 4-mg hemin dose with a successive increase over 2 weeks. In the second group, CORM-3 increased cGMP by twofold compared with iCORM-3, and also increased HO-1 protein. In the third group, SnMP inhibited the enhancing effect of CORM-3 and HO on erectile signaling molecules; i.e., HO-1 gene, enzyme activity, and cGMP.

Conclusions
CORM-3- or hemin-mediated CO release could increase cavernous tissue cGMP.
Interrelations between the Microbiotas in the Litter and in the Intestines of Commercial Broiler Chickens
Authors: Cressman Michael D. , Yu Zhongtang , Nelson Michael C. , Moeller Steven J. , Lilburn Michael S. , Zerby Henry N. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

The intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens and the microbiota in the litter have been well studied, but the interactions between these two microbiotas remain to be determined. Therefore, we examined their reciprocal effects by analyzing the intestinal microbiotas of broilers reared on fresh pine shavings versus reused litter, as well as the litter microbiota over a 6-week cycle. Composite ileal mucosal and cecal luminal samples from birds (
n
= 10) reared with both litter conditions (fresh versus reused) were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days of age. Litter samples were also collected at days 7, 14, 21, and 42. The microbiotas were profiled and compared within sample types based on litter condition using PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The microbiotas were further analyzed using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from microbiota DNA extracted from both chick intestinal and litter samples collected at day 7. Results showed significant reciprocal effects between the microbiotas present in the litter and those in the intestines of broilers. Fresh litter had more environmental bacteria, while reused litter contained more bacteria of intestinal origin.
Lactobacillus
spp. dominated the ileal mucosal microbiota of fresh-litter chicks, while a group of bacteria yet to be classified within
Clostridiales
dominated in the ileal mucosal microbiota in the reused-litter chicks. The Litter condition (fresh versus reused) seemed to have a more profound impact on the ileal microbiota than on the cecal microbiota. The data suggest that the influence of fresh litter on ileal microbiota decreased as broilers grew, compared with temporal changes observed under reused-litter rearing conditions.
Glutamate Decarboxylase-Mediated Nisin Resistance in
Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Begley Máire , Cotter Paul D. , Hill Colin , Ross R. Paul 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Analysis of a complete set of glutamate decarboxylase (
gad
) mutants of
Listeria monocytogenes
strain LO28 (Δ
gadD1
, Δ
gadDT1
, Δ
gadD2
, Δ
gadT2
, and Δ
gadD3
mutants) revealed that the Δ
gadD1
mutant is impaired in its ability to tolerate exposure to both sublethal and lethal levels of the lantibiotic nisin.
gadD1
is strain variable and is found only in approximately 50% of
L. monocytogenes
strains. Growth and survival experiments revealed that possession of
gadD1
correlates with a higher degree of tolerance to nisin. Significantly, a similar finding using a
gadB
mutant of
L. lactis
IL1403 implies that this may be a general phenomenon in Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings thus suggest that the specific inhibition of GAD activity or a reduction in the levels of free glutamate may prevent the growth of otherwise resistant GAD
+
bacteria in foods where low pH and/or nisin is used as a preservative.