bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactoferrin-inducible monocyte cytotoxicity for K562 cells and decay of natural killer lymphocyte cytotoxicity
Authors: MCCORMICK J A , MARKEY G M , MORRIS T C M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMonocyte-enrichcd and lymphocyte-enriched fractions of peripheral blood from three healthy volunteers were obtained by percoll density gradient centrifugation. The cytotoxie activity of each fraction against 51Cr-labellcd K562 cells was quantified in a 2-h assay using freshly isolated cells of each fraction and cells of each fraction which had been incubated with and without lactoferrin in complete medium for 18 h before performing the assay. We have thereby shown that cytotoxicity was not demonstrable in the lymphocyte fraction (containing 7.3 ± 2% large granular lymphocytes) after 18 h in medium, whereas the cytotoxicity of the monocyte fraction (containing 3.0 ± 4% large granular lymphocytes) was still significantly increased (P≤ 0.01) and that lactoferrin had no effect on lymphocyte fraction cytotoxicity while producing an 11-fold increase in the cytotoxicity of the monocyte fraction. It is therefore possible to perform a relatively simple test of monocyte cytotoxicity using lactoferrin as a stimulant in a 2-h 51Cr-labelled K562 assay system by allowing 18 h to elapse for lymphocyte natural killer cytotoxicity to decay.
Characterization of immune inducer and suppressor macrophages from the normal human lung
Authors: SPITERI M A , POULTER L W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that are able 10 discriminate between dendritic cells (MoAb RFD1+) and mature macrophages (MoAb RFD7+ (in normal tissues were used in combination with density separation techniques to isolate relatively homogeneous subpopulations of macrophages from human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A characterization of surface antigen expression, and functional capacity was then carried out on each isolated alveolar macrophage (AM) subset. One population with the phenotype RFD1+ RFD7- obtained from the non-adherent cell pool showed the characteristics of antigen-presenting cells having absent or poor expression of Fc and C3b receptors, a low content of lysozomal hydrolase and poor phagocytic capacity. This population strongly stimulated T lymphocytes in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). A second AM population, isolated by adherence and density centrifugal ion expressed the phenotype RFD1+ RFD7+. These cells showed the same phenotypic characteristics of mature macrophages with strong expression of C3b and Fc receptors, and marked phagocytic capacity. Such AM were very poor stimulators of allogeneie MLR. Under certain circumstances the RFD1+ RFD7+ cells were shown to actively repress the stimulatory capacity of the RFD1+ RFD7- subpopulation. These results suggest that variations within the functional capacity of AM subsets may be capable of influencing the strength of acquired T cell immune responses of the lung.
Analysis of the spontaneousin vitroanti-HIV-1 antibody secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV-1 infection
Authors: VENDRELL J P , SEGONDY M , DUCOS J , REYNES J , HUGUET M F , NICOLAS J C , SERRE A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe studied the spontaneous in vitro secretion of anti-HIV-1 antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected patients. Specific antibody production was detected in supernatants of PBMC cultures using an ELISA; HIV-1 specificity was confirmed by antigen adsorption and Western blotting. This antibody secretion was found to be an active phenomenon and was not due to a release of plasma antibodies passively adsorbed onto the cell membranes. In all positive supernatants, anti-HIV-1-secreted antibodies were directed against enu-encoded antigens and many supernatants also contained antibodies to pol- and gag-encoded antigens. PBMC from all HIV-1-infected patients tested (140 adults and 18 infants) secreted anti-HIV-1 antibodies. This production was found during all the clinical stages of HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that this spontaneous HIV-1-specific antibody secretion represents a marker of HIV-1 infection. Detection of these antibodies could be a valuable tool for early confirmation of HIV-1 infection in neonates born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers.
Host and bacterial factors control theMycobacterium avium-induced chronic peritoneal granulocytosis in mice
Authors: APPELBERG R , PEDROSA J M , SILVA M T 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPersistent peritoneal granulocytosis and elevated macrophage counts have been found in nine mouse strains from 8 to 90 days after infection with Mycobacterium avium. Peritoneal granulocylosis was higher in M. avium-resistant BALB/c. Bcgr (C.D2) mice, compared with congenic M. avium-susceptible BALB/c (Bcgb) animals. Although maximal granulocytosis values were not related to virulence of the inocula, the kinetics of the granulocytic response varied with the virulence of M. arium. Following infections by avirulent (rough) strains of M. avium, the peritoneal granulocytosis progressively declined in BALB/c and C3H/He mice. A similar decline in granulocyte number was observed in resistant C3H/He mice infected with virulent M. avium (smooth transparent strain). In both instances the decline in the peritoneal granulocytosis was associated with a progressive elimination of the inoculum. In the susceptible BALB/c mice, virulent M. avium strains induced progressive infection accompanied with a rapid decline in granulocyte number, whereas the infection with attenuated M. avium, which caused a chronic infection, induced persistent granulocytosis. The ability to recruit granulocytes following the intraperitoneal inoculation of a phlogistic substance (casein hydrolysate) was decreased in infected susceptible but not in infected resistant mice at 90 days of infection with virulent M. avium.
Anti-nuclear antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis recognize 78–92-kD and 96–100-kD proteins of nuclear bodies
Authors: FUSCONI M , CASSANI F , GOVONI M , CASELLI A , FARABEGOLI F , LENZI M , BALLARDINI G , ZAULI D , BIANCHI F B 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The specificities of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) reacting with multiple nuclear dots (MND-ANA) present in about 15% primary biliary cirrhosis sera were studied by Western blot analysis with nuclear fractions from a human cell line. Reactivity with two broad bands of 78–92 kD and 96–00 kD of the insoluble fraction was present exclusively in MND-ANA-positive sera. Antibodies eluted from these proteins specifically retained the immunofluorescence reactivity of MND-ANA. Immunomorphological analysis by a pre-embedding technique revealed that the antibody specifically binds to nuclear regions resembling in size and number nuclear bodies. Since these structures are absent in immature rate endometrial cell and can be induced by diethylstilbestrol. we tested MND-ANA by immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of uteri from hormone-treated and untreated immature rats. A strong reaction of nuclear dots was observed predominantly in endometrial cells of hormone treated rats. We thus conclude that MND-ANA present in primary biliary cirrhosis sera are directed against 78–92-kD and 96–100-kD nuclear proteins located in nuclear bodies.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on thyroid epithelial cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not in Graves' disease or papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: BAGNASCO M , CARETTO A , OLIVE D , PEDINI B , CANONICA G W , BETTERLE C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to study the possible role of antigen-independent adhesion systems in thyroid autoimmunity. we evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence the expression of lymphocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its ligand ICAM-1 on mononuclear cell infiltrates (when present) and thyroid follicular cells of four patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 30 with Graves' disease, five with papillary cancer, two with follicular adenoma, and two normal thyroid specimens. The expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was also evaluated. Most mononuclear infiltrates were LFA-1 positive, as expected. A positivity for ICAM-1 on follicular cells was observed in three out of four Hashimoto's thyroiditis specimens; such a phenomenon was totally absent in Graves' disease or any other pathological condition, or in normal tissue. MHC class II expression on thyrocytes was observed in all the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 27 out of 30 with Graves' disease and in three out of five papillary cancer specimens.
Low CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratio in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: SYRJÄLÄ H , SURCEL H-M , ILONEN J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYT lymphocyte subsets were analysed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to determine whether myocardial infarction and cardiopulmonary resuscitation induce changes in these. Groups of 11 infarct patients and 10 patients with past cardiopulmonary resuscitation were compared with 11 age- and sex-matched controls and 12 sepsis patients. The differences in the CD4/CD8 ratios between the four groups were significant (F= 7.71, P=0.001). The infaret patients had lower CD4/CD8 ratios (mean±s.d. 0.83.0.43) than the control (2.12.1.13; P=0.001) or sepsis cases (1.76.1.05; P=0.004), but their ratios did not differ from those of the resuscitation group (0.93±0.79, P=0.84). The latter group also had lower ratios than the control (P=0.003) and sepsis groups (P=0.013). Most infarct patients had an on admission inverted CD4/CD8 ratio which usually returned to normal in the next 2 days. A permanently low CD4/CD8 ratio may be a poor sign prognostically after both myocardial infarction and resuscitation.
Selective activation of T cells in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients: evidence for heterogeneity of T cell receptor usage
Authors: KONTIAINEN S , TOOMATH R , LOWDER J , FELDMANN M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCell surface phenotyping of 58 newly diagnosed diabetic children and 25 controls confirmed the presence of activated T cells, expressing HLA class II antigens or receptors for interleukin-2 (1L-2R, CD25) in the majority or the patients. Some of these cells putatively include those involved in islet cell destruction, as reported previously. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing three families of the variable regions of the β chain (Vβ) of the T cell receptor were used to determine the percentage of peripheral blood cells expressing those specific gene segment products. The number of the activated T cells from each Vβ family was compared with that of the resting T cells of the same family in the patients and the controls. In 18 out of 58 (31%) of these patients there was evidence of oligoclonal proliferation of activated T cells as judged by marked increases in cells expressing a V/β family in the IL-2R+ T cell pool, compared with the total T cell pool. However, different V/β families were augmented in individual patients, indicating considerable heterogeneity of T cell activation in different patients. These results are in contrast to murine models of autoimmunity, where virtually monoclonal T cell activation, restricted to a single V/β family has been reported.
Common variable immunodeficiency is associated with polymorphic markers in the human major histocompatibility complex
Authors: HOWE H S , SO A K L , FARRANT J , WEBSTER A D B 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by arrest in B cell differentiation. A high frequency of null alleles of the C4 gene has been reported in patients with this disorder. We investigated the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the MHC class II genes HLA-DRB, DQA, and DQB, the class III gene C4 and the tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) gene in 40 Caucasian patients. The results showed an increase in HLA-DR3 in patients (40%vs 30.5%), but, more significantly, there was a striking increase in the number of CVI patients who carried a deletion of the C4A gene (46%vs 25%). In both patients and controls there was strong allelic association between HLA-DR3 and C4A deletion, and HLA-DR3 and TNF-α. Our results suggest that genes present on an extended haplotype containing these three polymorphisms contribute to genetic susceptibility to CVI.
Blood lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine secretion and appearance of T cells with activation surface markers in cultures with Helicobacter pylori. Comparison of the responses of subjects with and without antibodies to H. pylori
Authors: KARTTUNEN R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
A whole inactivated H. pylori bacterium preparation was found to stimulate blood mononuclear cells from both antibody-positive and antibody-negative subjects, but the antibody-positive subjects tended to have lower proliferation responses. The present study was designed to characterize T cell activation further by measuring several components of the response. Eighty-seven subjects (80 dyspeptic patients and seven healthy persons from the laboratory staff) with or without antibodies to H. pylori were studied by measuring the DNA synthesis induced by several H. pylori concentrations 1–23 μg/ml) and the control stimulants PPD, tetanus toxoid and pokcweed mitogen (PWM). H. pylori-induced secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), soluble CD8 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) molecules and H. pylori- and PPD-induced appearances of IL-2R+ and HLA-DR+ T cells were measured in a smaller number of subjects. H. pylori-induced DNA synthesis was again lower in the antibody/bacterium-positive subjects, while no differences between the two groups were found in cultures stimulated by unrelated antigens or PWM. Soluble IL-2R and TNF-α were detectable in cultures with H. pylori from all subjects, while the amount of IL-2 did not differ from that in the background culture. No differences were found in the amounts of IL-2 or soluble IL-2R between the antibody-positive and negative subjects; while the former tended to secrete more soluble CD8 molecules, a difference which was significant with the smaller H. pylori concentration used (P&lt;0.01). The numbers of HLA-DR+ and IL-2R+ T cells increased in cultures with H. pylori or PPD from all the subjects, the majority of both cells having the CD4 phenotype. Numbers of DR+ and IL-2R+ T cells were similar in the cultures of the antibody-positive and negative subjects, but the respective CD8 subsets were increased in the former. The confirmed decrease in proliferation in the antibody-positive subjects does not seem to be connected with lower IL-2/IL-2R responses but may involve CD8 cell activation.
Functionally active complement proteins C6 and C7 detected in C6- and C7-deficient individuals
Authors: WÜRZNER R , ORREN A , POTTER P , MORGAN B P , PONARD D , SPÄTH P , BRAI M , SCHULZE M , HAPPE L , GÖTZE O 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwo sensitive sandwich ELISAs based on monoclonal antibodies directed to native C6 and C7 allowed the detection and quantitation of these complement proteins in 20 out of 37 serum samples from individuals who had previously been classified as deficient in these proteins as assessed by immunochemical and/or functional assays. Furthermore, serum from four C6-deficient and one combined C6-/C7-deficient individual showed an increase in the terminal complement complex (TCC) and a decrease in native C6 and C7 after complement activation as assayed by specific ELISAs. Despite their (incomplete) deficiencies, these individuals therefore possess functionally active terminal complement proteins with respect to their ability to generate the TCC. As these individuals have no history of a susceptibility to neisserial infections, even low concentrations of functionally active C6 and C7 may provide sufficient protection against those micro-organisms whose destruction requires TCC formation.
Characterization and large production of human monoclonal antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope
Authors: BOYER V , BROLY H , SOUCHE S , MADAULE P , ROSSIER J , ZAGURY D , DESGRANGES C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPeripheral blood lymphocytes from a volunteer immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus VSC-25 expressing the gp160 env protein of HTLV-IIIB strain and from an asymptomatic HIV-infected individual were immortalized by Epstein-Barr (EBV). Clones which secrete human monoclonal antibodies from the two individuals (DZ, IgGl, λ and C31, IgG1, κ) were obtained and were stable for more than 2 years. The two monoclonals were directed against the gp 160 env protein of HIV, DZ directed against the gp41 and C31 directed against the gp120. C31 was group-specific, whereas DZ was directed against the HTLV-IIIB and HTLV-RF strains. The epitope recognized by DZ was mapped to the carboxy terminus of the gp41, by expression of HIV DNA fragments in a yeast system and peptide analysis. The C31 epitope was not expressed by the yeast library and not present among the peptides which were tested. Monoclonal antibodies had no inhibitory effect in an HIV-induced cell fusion assay, but DZ showed a weak neutralizing activity against the HTLV-IIIB strain. Cloned EBV-transformed cell lines were fused to a murine myeloma, which allowed the heteromyeloma to be cultivated in serum-free medium. The monoclonal antibodies were produced in large quantity in a hollow-fibre reactor at defined culture conditions and purification procedures.
Cytokine induction of neopterin production
Authors: HENDERSON D C , SHELDON J , RICHES P , HOBBS J R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe pteridine neopterin is a marker of immunological activation and has been shown to be a useful marker of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplant patients. High levels of both neopterin and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were produced in vitro during mixed lymphocyte responses, which may be considered to be a model of the primary events leading to GVHD. Neopterin was shown to be produced by monocytes in response to stimulation with IFN-γ, but not other cytokines. However, the interleukins IL-lα, IL-1β, IL-2, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and beta, but not IL-6, stimulated neopterin production by unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and culture supernatants from PBMC stimulated with IL-1 α, 1L-1 β, IL-2 and IL-6, but not TNF-α or TNF-β induced neopterin production following transfer to fresh monocyte cultures. It therefore appears that cytokines may generate neopterin by induction of IFN-γ, by synergy with low levels of induced IFN-γ, or by non-IFN-γ-dependent mechanisms.
Acute-phase protein synthesis in human hepatoma cells: differential regulation of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6
Authors: RAYNES J G , EAGLING S , MCADAM K P W J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInterlcukin-6 (IL-6, BSF-2 or IFN-β2) is thought to be the major regulator of the acute-phase protein response that follows tissue injury and inflammation, with interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor and more recently, LIF or HSF III, slightly stimulatory on only certain acute phase proteins. The synthesis of the major acute-phase protein SAA, originally described as being synthesized in response to IL-1, has been claimed recently to be mainly under IL-6 regulation. Our results show that in the human hepatoma cell line HuH-7, IL-1 is the major stimulating cytokine increasing SAA synthesis by a factor in excess of 100-fold. We also show that under most conditions interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor stimulate additively in combination with IL-1. Isoelectric focusing has demonstrated that SAA1 and SAA2α are expressed but not SAA2β. The HuH-7 cell line is IL-6 responsive since haptoglobin is stimulated mainly by IL-6.
Interleukin-4 regulates the interleukin-2 receptors on human peripheral blood B lymphocytes
Authors: TOMIZAWA K , ISHIZAKA A , KOJIMA K , NAKANISHI M , SAKIYAMA Y , MATSUMOTO S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R) consists of the non-covalent association of at least two subunits, p55 and p70–75, capable of binding IL-2 with low and intermediate affinity, respectively. We studied the effects of cytokines on the IL-2R expressed on human peripheral blood B lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies specific for IL-2R p55 and IL-2R p70–75, by means of two-colour flow cytometric analysis. In freshly isolated peripheral blood B lymphocytes, the p55 subunit was expressed only in a small population (7.0% of CD20+ cells), whereas the p70–75 subunit was expressed in a large population (89.0% of CD20+ cells). Of the cytokines studied, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were involved in the regulation of IL-2R on B cells. After a 2-day incubation with IL-4, expression of IL-2R p55 was markedly induced, but expression of IL2-R p70 –75 was profoundly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. These abilities of IL-4 to promote IL-2R p55 expression and suppress IL-2R p70–75 expression were inhibited by the presence of I FN-γ. Other cytokines, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6, had little effect on the expression of these two subunits. These findings suggest that IL-4 is a cytokine modulating B cell response through the regulation of IL-2R.
Monocytes secrete factors regulating glycosaminoglycan synthesis in mesangial cellsin vitro
Authors: NARITA I , MORIOKA T , ARAKAWA M , SHIMIZU F , OITE T 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to determine the manner in which monocytes increase mesangial matrices, particularly glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which interact with various other matrix components such as collagens, laminin, fibronectin and lipoproteins. A supernatant of human peripheral blood monocyte cultures activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contains stimulating factors for glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat mesangial cells (MCs). The culture supernatant in this study was concentrated and fractionated by gel chromatography and the GAG-stimulatory factor was found to have a molecular weight of 10–17 kD. This factor was shown to be present in fractions different from that of IL-1. Gel and ion-exchange chromatography studies of GAGs synthesized by MCs indicated the elution patterns of GAGs in the presence and absence of the monocyle culture supernatant to be essentially the same. Local infiltration of monocytes into the glomerulus. often seen in various types of glomerular injury, may be an important factor in the accumulation of the mesangial matrix.