bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of serum lipids in idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Fang Cun S , Wang Ying C , Zhang Tao H , Wu Jing , Wang Wei , Wang Chun , Zhang Ming Y 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
It is well known that pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is characterised by accumulation of surfactant lipids and proteins within airspaces. However, few previous data describe the serum lipid levels associated with PAP.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with idiopathic PAP(iPAP). The serum lipid levels of patients with idiopathic PAP were compared with those of the healthy volunteers. In patients and healthy subjects, the LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were 2.94 ± 1.21 and 1.60 ± 0.70, respectively (p < 0.001), HDL-C were 1.11 ± 0.27 and 1.71 ± 0.71 respectively (p < 0.001). The values of LDL-C correlated significantly with those of PaO2 and PA-aO2 (r = -0.685, p = 0.003, and r = 0.688, p = 0.003, respectively). The values of LDL-C/HDL-C ratios also correlated with PaO2 levels and PA-aO2 levels (r = -0.698, p = 0.003, and r = 0.653, p = 0.006, respectively). 11 and 13 patients experienced respectively a decline in TC and LDL-C levels following whole lung lavage(WLL), the median decline was 0.71 mmol/L(p < 0.009) and 0.47 mmol/L(p < 0.003), respectively.

Conclusions
the serum lipid levels, especially the levels of LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C, may reflect the severity of the disease in PAP patients, and predict the therapeutic effect of WLL.
Marfan syndrome with a complex chromosomal rearrangement including deletion of the FBN1 gene
Authors: Colovati Mileny ES , da Silva Luciana RJ , Takeno Sylvia S , Mancini Tatiane I , N Dutra Ana R , Guilherme Roberta S , de Mello Cláudia B , Melaragno Maria I , A Perez Ana B 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of Marfan syndrome (MFS) cases is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), mapped to chromosome 15q21.1. Only few reports on deletions including the wholeFBN1gene, detected by molecular cytogenetic techniques, were found in literature.ResultsWe report here on a female patient with clinical symptoms of the MFS spectrum plus craniostenosis, hypothyroidism and intellectual deficiency who presents a 1.9 Mb deletion, including theFBN1gene and a complex rearrangement with eight breakpoints involving chromosomes 6, 12 and 15.DiscussionThis is the first report of MFS with a complex chromosome rearrangement involving a deletion ofFBN1and contiguous genes. In addition to the typical clinical findings of the Marfan syndrome due toFBN1gene haploinsufficiency, the patient presents features which may be due to the other gene deletions and possibly to the complex chromosome rearrangement.
Navigator channel adaptation to reconstruct three dimensional heart volumes from two dimensional radiotherapy planning data
Authors: Ng Angela , Nguyen Thao-Nguyen , Moseley Joanne L , Hodgson David C , Sharpe Michael B , Brock Kristy K 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Biologically-based models that utilize 3D radiation dosimetry data to estimate the risk of late cardiac effects could have significant utility for planning radiotherapy in young patients. A major challenge arises from having only 2D treatment planning data for patients with long-term follow-up. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of an advanced deformable image registration (DIR) and navigator channels (NC) adaptation technique to reconstruct 3D heart volumes from 2D radiotherapy planning images for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) patients.

Methods
Planning CT images were obtained for 50 HL patients who underwent mediastinal radiotherapy. Twelve image sets (6 male, 6 female) were used to construct a male and a female population heart model, which was registered to 23 HL "Reference" patients' CT images using a DIR algorithm, MORFEUS. This generated a series of population-to-Reference patient specific 3D deformation maps. The technique was independently tested on 15 additional "Test" patients by reconstructing their 3D heart volumes using 2D digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR). The technique involved: 1) identifying a matching Reference patient for each Test patient using thorax measurements, 2) placement of six NCs on matching Reference and Test patients' DRRs to capture differences in significant heart curvatures, 3) adapting the population-to-Reference patient-specific deformation maps to generate population-to-Test patient-specific deformation maps using linear and bilinear interpolation methods, 4) applying population-to-Test patient specific deformation to the population model to reconstruct Test-patient specific 3D heart models. The percentage volume overlap between the NC-adapted reconstruction and actual Test patient's true heart volume was calculated using the Dice coefficient.

Results
The average Dice coefficient expressed as a percentage between the NC-adapted and actual Test model was 89.4 ± 2.8%. The modified NC adaptation technique made significant improvements to the population deformation heart models (p = 0.01). As standard evaluation, the residual Dice error after adaptation was comparable to the volumetric differences observed in free-breathing heart volumes (p = 0.62).

Conclusions
The reconstruction technique described generates accurate 3D heart models from limited 2D planning data. This development could potentially be used to retrospectively calculate delivered dose to the heart for historically treated patients and thereby provide a better understanding of late radiation-related cardiac effects.
Randomized clinical trial of LigaSure versus conventional suture ligation in thyroid surgery
Authors: Schiphorst Anandi HW , Twigt Bas A , Elias Sjoerd G , van Dalen Thijs 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
In thyroid surgery vessel division and haemostasis make up an important and time consuming part of the operation. While the presence of the recurrent laryngeal nerve limits the liberal use of diathermia, the many arterial and venous branches to and from the thyroid gland necessitates the use of numerous conventional suture ligatures.This study evaluates the effect of using a vessel sealing system on operation time during thyroid surgery.

Methods
A randomized clinical trial was performed between September 2005 and October 2008 in a teaching hospital. Forty patients undergoing total hemithyroidectomy participated in the trial. Twenty were randomized to the intraoperative use of the LigaSure Precise™ vessel sealing system, and twenty to the use of conventional suture ligatures.

Results
The total median operation time was 10 minutes shorter in the LigaSure group (56 versus 66 minutes, P = 0.001). No significant differences in complications were noticed.

Conclusion
Using an electrothermal vessel sealing system during thyroid surgery is time saving.

Trial registration
This trial was registered in the international standard randomized controlled trials number register (ISRCTNR) under number ISRCTNR82389535.
Identification and evaluation of novel synovial tissue biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis by laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Fueldner Christiane , Mittag Anja , Knauer Jens , Biskop Maria , Hepp Pierre , Scholz Roger , Wagner Ulf , Sack Ulrich , Emmrich Frank , Tárnok Attila , Lehmann Joerg 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Introduction

Suitable biomarkers are essential for therapeutic strategies in personalized medicine in terms of diagnosis as well as of prognosis. With highly specific biomarkers, it is possible, for example, to identify patients with poor prognosis, which enables early intervention and intensive treatment. The aim of this study was to identify and validate biomarkers and possible combinations for a prospective use in immunoscintigraphy, which may improve diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with consideration of inflammatory activity in the affected joints. Therefore, we tested several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against cellular-surface molecules on cells likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

Methods

Synovial tissue from patients with long-standing RA (accompanied by synovitis with varying states of current activity) and patients with acute non-RA arthritis were stained for surface molecules on different cell types by using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies. Tissue analysis was done by laser scanning cytometry (LSC), and statistical evaluation, by discriminant analysis and ROC analysis.

Results

CD11b, HLA-DR, CD90, and CD64 revealed significant differences between tissues from patients with RA and acute non-RA arthritis. Especially with the expression of CD64, both patient cohorts could be discriminated with high sensitivity and specificity. RA classification was improved by simultaneously investigating the expression of two or three different surface proteins, such as HLA-DR, CD90, and CD29 in the tissue. The simultaneous analysis of CD64 together with CD304 or the combination of CD11b and CD38 was suitable for the identification of RA patients with high current activity in synovitis.

Conclusions

In this study, we showed that LSC is a novel reliable method in biomarker prevalidation in RA. Hence, identified mAbs in situ may allow their potential use in in vivo approaches. Moreover, we proved that biomarker-combination analysis resulted in better discrimination than did single-marker analysis. Combinations of these markers make a novel and reliable panel for the discrimination between RA and acute non-RA arthritis. In addition, further expedient combinations may be novel promising biomarker panels to identify current activity in synovitis in RA.
A 4-trifluoromethyl analogue of celecoxib inhibits arthritis by suppressing innate immune cell activation
Authors: Chiba Asako , Mizuno Miho , Tomi Chiharu , Tajima Ryohsuke , Alloza Iraide , di Penta Alessandra , Yamamura Takashi , Vandenbroeck Koen , Miyake Sachiko 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Celecoxib, a highly specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor has been reported to have COX-2-independent immunomodulatory effects. However, celecoxib itself has only mild suppressive effects on arthritis. Recently, we reported that a 4-trifluoromethyl analogue of celecoxib (TFM-C) with 205-fold lower COX-2-inhibitory activity inhibits secretion of IL-12 family cytokines through a COX-2-independent mechanism that involves Ca2+-mediated intracellular retention of the IL-12 polypeptide chains. In this study, we explored the capacity of TFM-C as a new therapeutic agent for arthritis.

Methods
To induce collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) in Freund's adjuvant. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting anti-CII antibodies. Mice received 10 μg/g of TFM-C or celecoxib every other day. The effects of TFM-C on clinical and histopathological severities were assessed. The serum levels of CII-specific antibodies were measured by ELISA. The effects of TFM-C on mast cell activation, cytokine producing capacity by macophages, and neutrophil recruitment were also evaluated.

Results
TFM-C inhibited the severity of CIA and CAIA more strongly than celecoxib. TFM-C treatments had little effect on CII-specific antibody levels in serum. TFM-C suppressed the activation of mast cells in arthritic joints. TFM-C also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and leukocyte influx in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis.

Conclusion
These results indicate that TFM-C may serve as an effective new disease-modifying drug for treatment of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Phospholipids and insulin resistance in psychosis: a lipidomics study of twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia
Authors: Orešič Matej , Seppänen-Laakso Tuulikki , Sun Daqiang , Tang Jing , Therman Sebastian , Viehman Rachael , Mustonen Ulla , van Erp Theo G , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Thompson Paul , Toga Arthur W , Huttunen Matti O , Suvisaari Jaana , Kaprio Jaakko , Lönnqvist Jouko , Cannon Tyrone D 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background
Several theories have been proposed to conceptualize the pathological processes inherent to schizophrenia. The 'prostaglandin deficiency' hypothesis postulates that defective enzyme systems converting essential fatty acids to prostaglandins lead to diminished levels of prostaglandins, which in turn affect synaptic transmission.

Methods
Here we sought to determine the lipidomic profiles associated with schizophrenia in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia as well as unaffected twin pairs. The study included serum samples from 19 twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (mean age 51 ± 10 years; 7 monozygotic pairs; 13 female pairs) and 34 age and gender matched healthy twins as controls. Neurocognitive assessment data and gray matter density measurements taken from high-resolution magnetic resonance images were also obtained. A lipidomics platform using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied for the analysis of serum samples.

Results
In comparison to their healthy co-twins, the patients had elevated triglycerides and were more insulin resistant. They had diminished lysophosphatidylcholine levels, which associated with decreased cognitive speed.

Conclusions
Our findings may be of pathophysiological relevance since lysophosphatidylcholines, byproducts of phospholipase A2-catalyzed phospholipid hydrolysis, are preferred carriers of polyunsaturated fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, diminishment of lysophosphatidylcholines suggests that subjects at risk of schizophrenia may be more susceptible to infections. Their association with cognitive speed supports the view that altered neurotransmission in schizophrenia may be in part mediated by reactive lipids such as prostaglandins.
The Desagüe Reconsidered: Environmental Dimensions of Class Conflict in Colonial Mexico
Authors: Candiani Vera 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The Desagüe de Huehuetoca, as the colonial project to drain the Basin of Mexico was known, was designed to prevent flooding in the imperial City of Mexico by desiccating the lakes that surrounded it. Begun in 1607, the Desagüe sat not in the city itself but in the midst of an agropastoral district in the northwest quadrant of the basin, with pueblos de indios, haciendas, and ranchos as its neighbors. The drainage curtailed everyone’s access to and usufruct of land and water for cultivation and animal husbandry in this district by diminishing their access to these inputs. However, by additionally fixing what and where land and water were to be, the Desagüe had broader impacts on the indigenous economy, which, dependent on the seasonal inundation and recession of waters and on the ecosystemic resources of the lakes, suffered reduced access to both sustenance and marketable goods.
“The Lands with Which We Shall Struggle”: Land Reclamation, Revolution, and Development in Mexico’s Lake Texcoco Basin, 1910 – 1950
Authors: Vitz Matthew 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Lake Texcoco, located on the eastern edge of Mexico City, had dried significantly during the nineteenth century, a process furthered by the Great Drainage Canal, completed in 1900. Although city boosters praised the canal for having eliminated Texcoco’s floods, dust storms arising from the briny lands began to torment the city. Intermittently from 1912 to 1950, the Mexican government carried out an ambitious drainage and fertilization project to curtail the dust storms and create an agricultural oasis. The government’s vision of a verdant and productive Texcoco bed generated widespread disputes between the state and local campesinos as well as among the urban elite. The postrevolutionary agrarian reform eventually enabled campesinos to negotiate with land reclamation authorities and turn what had been a project exclusive of the local poor into an example of agrarian justice. As engineers struggled to fertilize the briny lands at a reasonable cost, many urban planners proposed lake conservation and afforestation over drainage and farming to secure urban prosperity. But the agricultural vision remained dominant. In the 1950s and ’60s, however, urbanization, the political shift away from campesino production, and the prohibitive costs of farming the reclaimed land opened the door for a conservationist plan to resolve the incessant Texcoco problem. The study of Texcoco reclamation requires the integration of rural and urban history, two fields rarely in dialogue. Intraelite debates over the role of nature in urban growth and campesino protest shaped the evolution of this ambitious public works project. State-led development was therefore not imposed from above but negotiated, contested, and transformed from below by myriad social groups residing in the city and the countryside.
Mountaineers and Engineers: The Politics of International Science, Recreation, and Environmental Change in Twentieth-Century Peru
Authors: Carey Mark 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
During the 1930s, the German and Austrian Alpine Society sponsored three mountaineering-scientific expeditions to the Peruvian Andes, focusing especially on the Cordillera Blanca and adjacent valley known as the Callejón de Huaylas. They climbed mountains, conducted scientific studies, produced detailed maps, explored the highlands, and interacted with Peruvian intellectuals. Similar German expeditions went to Asia, Africa, and elsewhere in South America during this decisive period for the Nazi empire. This essay analyzes the writings and publications of the German and Austrian mountaineer-scientists who went to Peru, especially the Austrian leader Hans Kinzl, as well as examining government documents, technical reports, tourism publicity, diplomatic correspondence, and travel accounts to understand how Peruvian policy makers, engineers, scientists, intellectuals, tourism boosters, regional authorities, urban-based ruling classes, and rural residents in the mountains interacted with the European mountaineer-scientists during and after their expeditions. Most Peruvian groups initially welcomed the foreign mountaineer-scientists, using their activities to pursue their own agendas during the 1930s and 1940s. By the 1960s, however, many had become opposed to foreign mountaineers and scientists “intervening” in the Andes. World War II, natural disasters, the weak nation-state, coast-sierra divisions, growing Peruvian expertise in science and engineering, and the rise of an Andean tourism economy influenced how Peruvians perceived and interacted not only with the foreign mountaineer-scientists, but also with the Andean alpine landscape. Moreover, the dynamic physical environment also shaped historical processes: from science and engineering to landscape perceptions, tourism economies, national development, and international relations.
Tourism, Environment, and Development on the Inca Trail
Authors: Maxwell Keely 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
This article shows how tourism has shaped Latin American environments by constructing touristic landscapes, causing environmental impacts, and affecting environmental problem solving. The author utilizes written records and interviews to document the environmental history of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. The transformation of the Inca Trail from overgrown path to global hiking destination began in the early twentieth century. Foreign and Peruvian scientific expeditions socially constructed the trail as natural and cultural heritage. State and corporate actors sought to advance regional and national development via tourism. In Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail, this took the form of archaeological restoration and tourism infrastructure to showcase Cusco’s heritage and modernity. Backpacking guidebooks and trekking operators helped internationalize the trail in the 1970s. By the late 1990s, it had become an experiential pilgrimage for thousands of hikers. For state officials and tour agencies, it had become an environmental problem. In 2000, new regulations took measures to improve the trail’s environment and produce an aesthetic touristic landscape. The new rules also regimented commerce, labor, and trail users to promote tourism development. The author suggests new ways of conceiving heritage tourism and park policy as part of development as well as conservation.
Case Article—Quantifying Operational Risk in Financial Institutions
Authors: Keller Brian , Bayraksan Güzin 
Published: January 2012

Risk management is essential in today's business environment for banks and other financial institutions to survive in highly competitive and volatile markets. As the subprime mortgage debacle of 2008 has shown us, risk management, or the lack thereof, affects more than just the individual institution. Hence, banks and other financial institutions are subject to frequent reviews by federal regulators. The regulatory reviews require that the institutions set aside capital (cash reserves) to offset the potential risk of loss that they face every day. This case study focuses on a large regional bank, for which we use the pseudonym A Bank, and guides students through developing a risk model for operational risk. The students develop their models using maximum likelihood estimation, goodness-of-fit testing, convolution of distributions, and order statistics. The pedagogical objectives of the case study include applying statistics to a real-world problem while establishing connections among statistics, optimization, and simulation. The case can be used in different disciplines such as engineering (e.g., an engineering statistics class) or business (e.g., a hybrid operations research/statistics MBA class or an elective class on quantitative finance) and for graduate or undergraduate education by changing the intensity of the technical skills required and by using a different mix of case documents. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Simulationsbasierte Entwicklung von Sensoren
Authors: Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung von modernen Sensoren, insbesondere jene basierend auf MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Technologien, erfordert die Verfügbarkeit von entsprechenden CAE (Computer Aided Enigineering) Werkzeugen, da die Herstellung von einzelnen Prototypen sehr kostenintensiv ist. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert den Einsatz von Netzwerkmethoden und Finiten-Elemente (FE) Methoden für die Entwicklung eines Silizium-Mikrofones und demonstriert die Wichtigkeit dieser Werkzeuge für einen effizienten Entwicklungsprozess.
Herstellung von Faser-Bragg-Gitter in hoch-doppelbrechenden Glasfasern
Authors: Jülich Florian , Koch Alexander W. , Roths Johannes 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Verbreitung von Faser-Bragg-Gittern (FBG) als Sensoren zur Messung von Dehnung und Temperatur führt auch zu einem wachsenden Bedarf an hochgenauen Sensorelementen. Die hier präsentierte Studie zeigt die Grenzen der Standard-FBG-Sensoren (FBGS) auf und stellt ein Konzept für hoch genaue FBGS vor. FBG in hochdoppelbrechenden Glasfasern (HiBi) haben vielversprechende Eigenschaften, die eine höhere Genauigkeit als Standard-FBG ermöglichen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden FBG in unterschiedlichen HiBi-Fasern eingeschrieben und die effektiven Brechungsindizes sowie die Doppelbrechung bestimmt. Diese Daten sind von großer Bedeutung für die reproduzierbare Herstellung von HiBi-FBG als hochgenaue Sensoren.