bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulopathy and embolic signal in cancer patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Seok Jin Myoung , Kim Seon Gyeong , Kim Ji Won , Chung Chin‐Sang , Kim Gyeong‐Moon , Lee Kwang Ho , Bang Oh Young 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveIt has been reported that embolic signal (ES) detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) has clinical significance, especially in patients with recent stroke attributable to arterial or cardiac embolism. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine whether the prevalence of ES is high in ischemic stroke patients with cancer and related to hypercoagulopathy.MethodsWe prospectively studied cancer patients with acute ischemic stroke within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) distribution on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Conventional stroke mechanisms (CSMs) were determined using cardiologic and vascular studies. Additionally, the coagulation status was assessed based on the serum D‐dimer levels, and TCD monitoring was performed on both MCAs for 30 minutes to detect ES. Clinical features including vascular risk factors, characteristics of ischemic stroke, and cancer and laboratory findings associated with the presence of ES were evaluated.ResultsA total of 74 patients were finally included in this study. ES was more commonly observed in patients without CSMs (22 of 38 patients, 57.9%) than in those with CSMs (12 of 36 patients, 33.3%) (p = 0.034). Moreover, ES was more commonly detected in patients with high D‐dimer levels (p < 0.001), and D‐dimer levels were significantly correlated with the number of ESs in patients without CSMs (r = 0.732, p < 0.001), but were poorly correlated in patients with CSMs (r = 0.152, p = 0.375). Higher levels of D‐dimer (odds ratio [OR], 1.082 per 1μg/ml increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014–1.154) and adenocarcinoma (OR, 3.829; 95% CI, 1.23–13.052) were independently associated with the presence of ES. The use of anticoagulants dramatically decreased the D‐dimer levels.InterpretationA high prevalence of ES was observed in cancer patients with ischemic stroke, especially in those without CSMs. Elevated D‐dimer levels were independently associated with ES, and decreased dramatically with the use of anticoagulants. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:213–219
Multiple sclerosis and viruses
Authors: Brahic Michel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiscussing the problem of multiple sclerosis and viruses should not be limited to reviewing the epidemiological evidence in favor, or against, a particular candidate, such as Epstein‐Barr virus or human herpes virus 6. In this text, I discuss the difficulty of going from association to causation in human epidemiology; the fact that viruses can trigger or prevent autoimmunity; the problem of our very limited knowledge of the viruses that we harbor as part of our metagenome; and the role of such viral flora in multifactorial diseases and also, possibly, in health. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:6–8
Problem‐based learning in regional anatomy education at Peking University
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Weiguang , Qin Lihua , Zhao Jing , Zhang Shuyong , Gu Jin , Zhou Changman 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProblem‐based learning (PBL) has been introduced to medical schools around the world and has increasingly become a popular pedagogical technique in Asian countries since 1990. Gross anatomy is a fundamental basic science course in virtually all medical training programs, and the methods used to teach it are under frequent scrutiny and revision. Students often struggle with the vast collection of new terms and complex relationships between structures that they must learn. To help students with this process, our department teaches separate systemic and regional anatomy courses, the latter in a PBL format. After three years of using PBL in our regional anatomy course, we have worked out a set of effective instructions that we would like to share with other medical schools. We report here evidence that our clinical PBL approach stimulates students' interest in learning and enhances anatomy education in a way that can foster better practices in our future medical work force. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Expression and purification of the membrane protein p7 from hepatitis C virus
Authors: Cook Gabriel A. , Stefer Susanne , Opella Stanley J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA small 63‐residue membrane protein, p7, has essential roles in the infectivity of the hepatitis C virus in humans. This hydrophobic membrane protein forms homo‐oligomeric ion channels in bilayers, which can be blocked by known channel‐blocking compounds. To perform structural studies of p7 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, it is necessary to produce milligram quantities of isotopically labeled protein; as is the case for most membrane‐associated proteins, this is challenging. We describe the successful expression of full‐length p7 and two truncated constructs in Escherichia coli using a fusion partner that directs the overexpressed protein to inclusion bodies. Following isolation of the fusion proteins by affinity chromatography, they were chemically cleaved with cyanogen bromide. The p7‐polypeptides were purified by size‐exclusion chromatography. Solution NMR two‐dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra of uniformly 15N‐labeled p7‐polypeptides in 1,2‐dihexyl‐1‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine isotropic micelles are fully resolved, with a single resonance for each amide site. The solid‐state NMR spectra of the same polypeptides in magnetically aligned 14‐O‐PC/6‐O‐PC bicelles demonstrate their reconstitution into planar phospholipid bilayers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 32–40, 2011.
Mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction for sample cleanup in hair analysis for methadone and its main metabolite
Authors: Barroso M. , Dias M. , Vieira D. N. , López‐Rivadulla M. , Queiroz J. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple and rapid method for the determination of methadone and its main metabolite EDDP in hair has been developed and validated. The analytes were completely extracted from the matrix after a short alkaline incubation, and the extracts were further cleaned up by solid‐phase extraction using mixed‐mode cartridges. Linearity was obtained from 0.1 (lower limit of quantitation, LLOQ) to 30 ng/mg for both compounds, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy were in conformity with internationally accepted guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, and the cleanup procedure presented mean extraction efficiencies higher than 90% for both analytes. This high efficiency greatly contributed to the low limits of quantitation achieved, and therefore this method can be successfully applied in the determination of methadone and EDDP in hair samples in clinical and forensic scenarios where these compounds are involved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential Oil Variation among Natural Populations of Lavandula multifida L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Chograni Hnia , Zaouali Yosr , Rajeb Chayma , Boussaid Mohamed 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVolatiles from twelve wild Tunisian populations of Lavandula multifida L. growing in different bioclimatic zones were assessed by GC (RI) and GC/MS. Thirty‐six constituents, representing 83.48% of the total oil were identified. The major components at the species level were carvacrol (31.81%), β‐bisabolene (14.89%), and acrylic acid dodecyl ester (11.43%). These volatiles, together with α‐pinene, were also the main compounds discriminating the populations. According to these dominant compounds, one chemotype was revealed, a carvacrol/β‐bisabolene/acrylic acid dodecyl ester chemotype. However, a significant variation among the populations was observed for the majority of the constituents.A high chemical‐population structure, estimated both by principal component analysis (PCA) and unweighted pair group method with averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on Euclidean distances, was observed. Both methods allowed separation of the populations in three groups defined rather by minor than by major compounds. The population groups were not strictly concordant with their bioclimatic or geographic location.Conservation strategies should concern all populations, because of their low size and their high level of destruction. Populations exhibiting particular compounds other than the major ones should be protected first.
The Intrasectional Chemotaxonomic Placement of Hypericum elegansStephan ex Willd. Inferred from the Essential‐Oil Chemical Composition
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Ðorðević Aleksandra S. , Palić Radosav M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHere we report, for the first time, the results of detailed GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oil of a rare taxon in Serbia, Hypericum elegans Stephan ex Willd. One hundred and sixty two constituents identified accounted for 98.6% of the oil. The major components of the oil were undecane (31.9%), α‐pinene (16.7%), nonane (6.1%), bicyclogermacrene (5.8%), 2‐methyloctane (3.7%), and germacrene D (3.6%). Non‐terpenoids as chemotaxonomic markers constituted the main fraction of H. elegans oil, whereby n‐alkanes were the most abundant contributors of this fraction. Based on these results and previously published ones, we performed an intrasectional multivariate statistical comparison of corresponding essential‐oil chemical compositions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of the data on the volatile profiles of section Hypericum taxa revealed that H. elegans either represents an oil chemotype of its own (AHC) or could be considered related to H. perforatum (PCA).
Mechanistic Studies on Hydrocyanation Reactions
Authors: Bini Laura , Müller Christian , Vogt Dieter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis Review summarizes the state of the art in transition metal‐catalyzed alkene hydrocyanation with special emphasis on mechanistic studies. Due to its importance for the DuPont adiponitrile process, most of the literature deals with the nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation. Ligand electronic and steric effects, as well as the bite angle of chelating ligands, play a dominant role for the catalyst performance. The ligand properties have a major effect on the catalyst stability and on the rate limiting step—the reductive elimination of the products. The DuPont process, comprises three separate steps: a) the hydrocyanation of 1,3‐butadiene and other conjugated dienes, b) the isomerization of 2‐methyl‐3‐butenenitrile to 3‐pentenenitrile, and c) the hydrocyanation of 3‐pentenenitrile and other monoalkenes. Existing knowledge of these steps is summarized and elucidated. For the latter reactions, Lewis acid cocatalysts are imperative, and their influence on the regioselectivity and the catalyst performance will be discussed. Asymmetric alkene hydrocyanation has attracted considerable interest recently and is covered from a mechanistic viewpoint. Finally, a short account is given on other metals applied in alkene hydrocyanation. More detailed mechanistic understanding is still required for the improvement of catalyst performance and to develop this reaction to its full potential in organic synthesis.
Tandem β‐Boration/Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds by Using a Single Palladium Complex To Catalyse Both Steps
Authors: Bonet Amadeu , Gulyás Henrik , Koshevoy Igor O. , Estevan Francisco , Sanaú Mercedes , Úbeda M. Angeles , Fernández Elena 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiphenyl(3‐methyl‐2‐indolyl)phosphine (C9H8NPPh2, 1) gives stable dimeric palladium(II) complexes that contain the phosphine in P,N‐bridging coordination mode. On treating 1 with [Pd(O2CCH3)2], the new complexes [Pd(μ‐C9H7NPPh2)(NCCH3)]2 (2) or [Pd(μ‐C9H7NPPh2)(μ‐O2CCH3)]2 (3) were isolated, depending on the solvent used, acetonitrile or toluene, respectively. Further reaction of 3 with the ammonium salt of 1 led to the substitution of one carboxylate ligand to afford [Pd(μ‐C9H7NPPh2)3(μ‐O2CCH3)] (4), in which the bimetallic unit is bonded by three C9H7NPPh2− moieties and one carboxylate group. Using this methodology, [Pd2(μ‐C6H4PPh2)2(μ‐C9H7NPPh2)(μ‐O2CCX3)] (X=H (7); X=F (8)) were synthesised from the ortho‐metalated compounds [Pd(C6H4PPh2)(μ‐O2CCX3)]2 (X=H (5); X=F (6)). Complexes 3, 4, 7, and 8 have been found to be active in the catalytic β‐boration of α,β‐unsaturated esters and ketones under mild reaction conditions. Hindrance of the carbonyl moiety has an influence on the reaction rate, but quantitative conversion was achieved in many cases. More remarkably, when aryl bromides were added to the reaction media, complex 7 induced a highly successful consecutive β‐boration/cross‐coupling reaction with dimethyl acrylamide as the substrate (99 % conversion, 89 % isolated yield).
Lignin Chemistry: Biosynthetic Study and Structural Characterisation of Coniferyl Alcohol Oligomers Formed In Vitro in a Micellar Environment
Authors: Reale Samantha , Attanasio Francesca , Spreti Nicoletta , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractModel coniferyl alcohol lignin (the so‐called dehydrogenative polymerisate, DHP) was produced in water under homogeneous conditions guaranteed by the presence of a micellised cationic surfactant. A complete study of the activity of the enzymatic system peroxidase/H2O2 under our reaction conditions was reported and all the reaction products up to the pentamer were characterised by 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. Our system, and the molecules that have been generated in it, represent a closer mimicry of the natural microenvironment since an enzyme, under micellar conditions, reproduces the cell system better than in buffer alone. On the basis of the oligomers structures a new biosynthetic perspective was proposed that focused attention on a coniferyl alcohol dimeric quinone methide as the key intermediate of the reaction. A formal, strictly alternate sequence of a radical and an ionic step underlines the reaction, thus generating ordered oligolignols structures. Alternatively to other model lignins, our olignols present a lower degree of radical coupling between oligomeric units. This offers a closer biosynthetic situation to the observation of a low rate of radical generation in the cell wall.
Removal of the Alphazurine FG Dye from Simulated Solution by Electrocoagulation
Authors: Olad Ali , Amani‐Ghadim Ali Reza , Dorraji Mir Saeed Seyed , Rasoulifard Mohammad Hosein 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe removal of Alphazurine FG (AF) dye from water by an electrocoagulation process has been studied. The effect of some operational parameters, such as anode material, current density, initial dye concentration, pH of solution, conductivity, and inter‐electrode distance, on the removal efficiency was investigated. Iron and aluminum were used as anodes in the electrocoagulation cell. It was found that the efficiency of the iron anode was better than that of the aluminum anode for AF removal. The factors that affected the removal efficiency were the current density and the initial dye concentration. The removal efficiency increased from about 35% at 25 A m–2 to about 97% at 100 A m–2, during 4 min of electrocoagulation. The results exhibited pseudo‐first‐order kinetics for AF removal by electrocoagulation. In addition, a mathematical model was successfully established for predicting the removal efficiency. A comparison between the model results and experimental data gave a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9925), which indicates that the model is able to predict the removal efficiency of AF.
Malachite Green Adsorption onto Chitosan Coated Bentonite Beads: Isotherms, Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Wan Ngah Wan Saime , Ariff Noorul Farhana Md , Hashim Azhan , Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe removal of Malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions by cross‐linked chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) beads was investigated and the CCB beads were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Solubility and swelling tests were performed in order to determine the stability of the CCB beads in acidic solution, basic solution and distilled water. The amount of MG adsorbed was shown to be influenced by the initial pH of the solution, contact time and the initial MG concentration. A kinetic study indicated that a pseudo‐second‐order model agreed well with the experimental data. From the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity of MG was found to be 435.0 mg g–1. Desorption tests were carried out at different concentrations of EDTA, H2SO4 and NaOH. However, all desorbing solutions showed zero recovery of MG at all concentrations.
Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma
Authors: Kaufman Jonathan L. , Nooka Ajay , Vrana Mark , Gleason Charise , Heffner L. Thompson , Lonial Sagar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:This single‐center retrospective study determined the efficacy of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (BTD) as induction for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who were eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).METHODS:Patients with symptomatic MM who had received BTD induction before stem cell collection at Winship Cancer Institute were included. BTD induction comprised up to 8 3‐week cycles of bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11; thalidomide 100 mg daily; and dexamethasone 40 mg on Days 1 through 4 and Days 9 through 12. Stem cell mobilization involved granulocyte‐colony–stimulating factor and/or cyclophosphamide. Response was assessed according to European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria.RESULTS:Review of medical records identified 44 eligible patients (34 patients who were treated in the front‐line setting and 10 patients who were treated for recurrent disease) who received a median of 4 BTD cycles. The overall response rate (ORR) was 91%, which included a greater than or equal to very good partial response (≥VGPR) rate of 57% (including 20% stringent complete responses/complete response [sCR/CR] rate). In front‐line patients, the ORR was 94%, which included a 56% ≥VGPR rate (24% sCR/CR). The median CD34‐positive stem cell collection was 10.67 × 106/kg. The ORR after ASCT in 34 patients who were evaluable for response was 100%, including a 76% ≥VGPR rate (53% sCR/CR). Among all 44 patients, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 27.4 months. The median overall survival (OS) was not reached after a median follow‐up of 25 months, and the 2‐year OS rate was 82%. There were no significant differences in PFS (27.4 months vs 23.5 months) or in 2‐year survival (80% vs 90%) between patients who did and did not undergo ASCT, respectively. Twenty patients (45%) developed neuropathy, including 4 (9%) with grade 3 neuropathy episodes, and 1 patient developed deep vein thrombosis.CONCLUSIONS:BTD was highly effective and well tolerated as induction for MM patients who were eligible for ASCT. Long‐term outcomes appeared to be similar with or without ASCT consolidation. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The dusp1 immediate early gene is regulated by natural stimuli predominantly in sensory input neurons
Authors: Horita Haruhito , Wada Kazuhiro , Rivas Miriam V. , Hara Erina , Jarvis Erich D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMany immediate early genes (IEGs) have activity‐dependent induction in a subset of brain subdivisions or neuron types. However, none have been reported yet with regulation specific to thalamic‐recipient sensory neurons of the telencephalon or in the thalamic sensory input neurons themselves. Here, we report the first such gene, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1). Dusp1 is an inactivator of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and MAPK activates expression of egr1, one of the most commonly studied IEGs, as determined in cultured cells. We found that in the brain of naturally behaving songbirds and other avian species, hearing song, seeing visual stimuli, or performing motor behavior caused high dusp1 upregulation, respectively, in auditory, visual, and somatosensory input cell populations of the thalamus and thalamic‐recipient sensory neurons of the telencephalic pallium, whereas high egr1 upregulation occurred only in subsequently connected secondary and tertiary sensory neuronal populations of these same pathways. Motor behavior did not induce high levels of dusp1 expression in the motor‐associated areas adjacent to song nuclei, where egr1 is upregulated in response to movement. Our analysis of dusp1 expression in mouse brain suggests similar regulation in the sensory input neurons of the thalamus and thalamic‐recipient layer IV and VI neurons of the cortex. These findings suggest that dusp1 has specialized regulation to sensory input neurons of the thalamus and telencephalon; they further suggest that this regulation may serve to attenuate stimulus‐induced expression of egr1 and other IEGs, leading to unique molecular properties of forebrain sensory input neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2873–2901, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in trigeminothalamic projection neurons in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus of the rat
Authors: Ge Shun‐Nan , Ma Yun‐Fei , Hioki Hiroyuki , Wei Yan‐Yan , Kaneko Takeshi , Mizuno Noboru , Gao Guo‐Dong , Li Jin‐Lian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVGLUT1 and VGLUT2 have been reported to show complementary distributions in most brain regions and have been assumed to define distinct functional elements. In the present study, we first investigated the expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex of the rat by dual‐fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although VGLUT1 and/or VGLUT2 mRNA signals were detected in all the nuclei, colocalization was found only in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vp). About 64% of glutamatergic Vp neurons coexpressed VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, and the others expressed either VGLUT1 or VGLUT2, indicating that Vp neurons might be divided into three groups. We then injected retrograde tracer into the thalamic regions, including the posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPM) and posterior nuclei (Po), and observed that the majority of both VGLUT1‐ and VGLUT2‐expressing Vp neurons were retrogradely labeled with the tracer. We further performed anterograde labeling of Vp neurons and observed immunoreactivies for anterograde tracer, VGLUT1, and VGLUT2 in the VPM and Po. Most anterogradely labeled axon terminals showed immunoreactivities for both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the VPM and made asymmetric synapses with dendritic profiles of VPM neurons. On the other hand, in the Po, only a few axon terminals were labeled with anterograde tracer, and they were positive only for VGLUT2. The results indicated that Vp neurons expressing VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 project to the VPM, but not to the Po, although the functional differences of three distinct populations of Vp neurons, VGLUT1‐, VGLUT2‐, and VGLUT1/VGLUT2‐expressing ones, remain unsettled. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3149–3168, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.