bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroradiological manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An Italian national multicenter study on behalf of AINR (Associazione Italiana di Neuroradiologia) and SIRM (Società Italiana di Radiologia Medica)
Authors: Anzalone Nicoletta , Gerevini Simonetta , del Poggio Anna , Gaudino Simona , Causin Francesco , Politi Letterio Salvatore , Triulzi Fabio Maria , Pero Guglielmo , Pichiecchio Anna , Bastianello Stefano , Baruzzi Fabio Massimo , Bianchini Elena , Foti Giovanni , Ricciardi Giuseppe Kenneth , Sponza Massimo , Menozzi Roberto , Cosottini Mirco , Chirico Pasquale De , Saba Luca , Gasparotti Roberto 
Published: June 2024

Purpose This multicentric study aims to characterize and assess the occurrence of neuroradiological findings among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first Italian wave of the pandemic outbreak. Materials and Methods Patients’ data were collected between May 2020 and June 2020. Clinical and laboratory data, chest imaging, brain CT, and MRI imaging were included. Acquired data were centralized and analyzed in two hospitals: ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, and IRRCS San Raffaele Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. COVID-19 patients were classified into two different subgroups, vascular and nonvascular. The vascular pattern was further divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke groups. Results Four hundred and fifteen patients from 20 different Italian Centers were enrolled in the study. The most frequent symptom was focal neurological deficit, found in 143 patients (34.5%). The most frequent neuroradiological finding was ischemic stroke in 122 (29.4%) patients. Forty-four (10.6%) patients presented a cerebral hemorrhage. Forty-seven patients had non-stroke neuroimaging lesions (11.3%). The most common was PRES-like syndrome (28%), SWI hypointensities (22%), and encephalitis (19%). The stroke group had higher CAD risk (37.5% vs 20%, p = .016) and higher D-dimer levels (1875 ng/mL vs 451 ng/mL, p < .001) compared to the negative group. Conclusion Our study describes the biggest cohort study in Italy on brain imaging of COVID-19 patients and confirms that COVID-19 patients are at risk of strokes, possibly due to a pro-thrombotic microenvironment. Moreover, apart from stroke, the other neuroradiological patterns described align with the ones reported worldwide.
Working Hours, Shift, and Remote Work by Industry and Occupation in U.S. Full-time Workers
Authors: Chen Guang X. 
Published: June 2024

Background: This study examines working hours, shift work, and remote work patterns by occupation and industry among U.S. full-time workers, along with the association between working and sleeping hours. Methods: Utilizing data from 2011 to 2020 American Time Use Survey, this national household survey examines how individuals aged 15 years or older in the United States spend their time within a 24-hour period. Findings: In 2011 to 2019, U.S. full-time workers averaged 8.1 hours of work and 7.8 hours spent sleep on workdays, increasing to 9.6 hours on non-workdays. Among all occupations, Emergency medical technicians and paramedics had the longest average working hours (10.4 hours). Protective services occupations had the highest percentage (41.7%) of workers reporting often working shifts other than daytime. Among all industries, truck transportation industry had the longest average working hours (9.2). Food services and drinking places industries had the highest percentage (28.6%) of workers reporting often working shifts other than daytime. Working hours showed a negative association with sleeping hours. In 2020, 34.0% of full-time workers reported remote work due to COVID-19, with the largest percentage (72.3%) occurring in business and financial operations. Conclusions: The study findings offer essential benchmarks for comparing working hours and schedules across diverse occupations and industries. These insights empower occupational health practitioners to advocate for prevention measures, addressing health concerns arising from prolonged working hours and shift work.
Screening and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Wildfire Evacuees: A Cost-Utility Analysis
Authors: Lebenbaum Michael , Hassan S. Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Background. Global climate change is resulting in dramatic increases in wildfires. Individuals exposed to wildfires experience a high burden of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the cost-effectiveness of the treatment options to address PTSD from wildfires has not been studied. The objective of this study was to conduct a cost-utility analysis comparing screening followed by treatment with paroxetine or trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) versus no screening in Canadian adult wildfire evacuees. Methods. Using a Markov model, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs were evaluated over a 5-y time horizon using health care and societal perspectives. All costs and utilities in the model were discounted at 1.5%. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses examined the uncertainty in the incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) under a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000. Results. From a societal perspective, no screening (NMB = $177,641) was dominated by screening followed by treatment with paroxetine (NMB = $180,733) and TF-CBT (NMB = $181,787), with TF-CBT having the highest likelihood of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY (probability = 0.649). The initial prevalence of PTSD, probability of acceptance of treatment, and costs of productivity had the largest impact on the INMB of both paroxetine or TF-CBT versus no screening. Neither intervention was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY from a health care perspective. Interpretation. Screening followed by treatment with paroxetine or TF-CBT compared with no screening was found to be cost-saving while providing additional QALYs in wildfire evacuees. Governments should consider funding screening programs for PTSD followed by treatment with TF-CBT for wildfire evacuees. Highlights Two prior studies examined the cost-effectiveness of screening followed by treatment for PTSD among individuals exposed to other disaster-type events (i.e., terrorist attack and Hurricane Sandy) and found screening followed by treatment (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) to be highly cost-effective. Among wildfire evacuees, screening followed by treatment with paroxetine or trauma-focused (TF)–CBT provides additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and is cost-saving from a societal perspective. TF-CBT was the treatment option found most likely to be cost-effective. Neither treatment option was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY from a health care perspective. Screening programs for PTSD should be considered for wildfire evacuees, and individuals diagnosed with PTSD could be prescribed either TF-CBT or paroxetine depending on their preference and resources availability.
Helmeting Therapy in Children with Plagiocephaly: Who Receives Helmets?
Authors: Nowariak Meagan , McCabe Rachel , Redmann Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Plagiocephaly is a flattening or asymmetry of the skull in infants that –while benign– can be distressing to parents. There are no standardized treatment recommendations, but helmeting therapy (HT) can be pursued. However, there is no strong evidence for the effectiveness of HT, leading to ambiguity for who should be offered this intervention. In this study, we aim to evaluate any differences in the proportion of patients being offered HT based on race/ethnicity, sex, or insurance type. Methods: A retrospective review from January 12th, 2017, to April 30th, 2022, of all patients with a plagiocephaly diagnosis under 18 months of age was conducted. A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess significance with differences <0.05 considered significant. Results: Of the 1667 patients identified with plagiocephaly, 807 (48.4%) patients were offered HT, and 501 (30.1%) subsequently received a helmet. Patients with public insurance represented a significantly lower proportion of patients offered HT compared to their respective proportion within all patients diagnosed with plagiocephaly (26.9% vs 31.8%, P = .01). Additionally, patients who identified as Black or African American represented a significantly lower proportion of patients offered HT compared to their respective proportion within all patients diagnosed with plagiocephaly (8.1% vs 10.6%, P = .04). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the proportions of patients with plagiocephaly who were offered HT compared to their overall proportion within all patients diagnosed with plagiocephaly were different for patients with public insurance and patients who identified as Black or African American. This highlights the need for standardized recommendations for HT.
A Case-Based Curriculum on Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder Among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Shahlapour Minaliza , Peterkin Alyssa F. , Taylor Jessica L. , Suarez Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Background: As the mandatory X-waiver requirements for prescribing buprenorphine have recently been lifted, general practitioners are being relied on to fill the treatment gap in prescribing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, insufficient clinician education remains a major barrier to prescribing MOUD in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a new MOUD curriculum on internal medicine (IM) residents’ attitudes, comfort, and knowledge of buprenorphine in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods: All second-year IM residents (n = 46) participated in a 90-minute curricular session between July and October 2022 during scheduled mandatory didactic blocks. The curriculum was structured as a small group, case-based session focused on how to initiate sublingual buprenorphine (traditional and low-dose initiation). Residents completed identical and anonymous pre- and post-session surveys. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data. Results: Thirty-nine (84.4%) second-year IM residents participated in the evaluation. Residents reported increased importance of independently initiating buprenorphine for hospitalized patients with opioid withdrawal ( P < .001). Residents were significantly more likely to endorse confidence in discussing MOUD with patients ( P < .001), initiating buprenorphine in inpatient and outpatient settings ( P < .001), and identifying patients who would benefit from low-dose buprenorphine initiation ( P = .002). There was a significant increase in the correct number of knowledge-based questions after the session (before = 1.55/4 vs after = 3.33/4; P value < .001). Conclusions: A 90-minute buprenorphine training improved residents’ attitudes toward, perceptions of competency, and knowledge of buprenorphine delivery to patients with OUD in the inpatient and outpatient setting.
Connectivity of the insular subdivisions differentiates posttraumatic headache-associated from nonheadache-associated mild traumatic brain injury: an arterial spin labelling study
Authors: Li Fengfang , Zhang Di , Ren Jun , Xing Chunhua , Hu Lanyue , Miao Zhengfei , Lu Liyan , Wu Xinying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The insula is an important part of the posttraumatic headache (PTH) attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) neuropathological activity pattern. It is composed of functionally different subdivisions and each of which plays different role in PTH neuropathology.

Methods
Ninety-four mTBI patients were included in this study. Based on perfusion imaging data obtained from arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study evaluated the insular subregion perfusion-based functional connectivity (FC) and its correlation with clinical characteristic parameters in patients with PTH after mTBI and non-headache mTBI patients.

Results
The insular subregions of mTBI + PTH (mTBI patients with PTH) and mTBI-PTH (mTBI patients without PTH) group had positive perfusion-based functional connections with other insular nuclei and adjacent discrete cortical regions. Compared with mTBI-PTH group, significantly increased resting-state perfusion-based FC between the anterior insula (AI) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC)/Rolandic operculum (ROL), between posterior insula (PI) and supplementary motor area (SMA), and decreased perfusion-based FC between PI and thalamus were found in mTBI + PTH group. Changes in the perfusion-based FC of the left posterior insula/dorsal anterior insula with the thalamus/MCC were significant correlated with headache characteristics.

Conclusions
Our findings provide new ASL-based evidence for changes in the perfusion-based FC of the insular subregion in PTH patients attributed to mTBI and the association with headache features, revealing the possibility of potential neuroplasticity after PTH. These findings may contribute to early diagnosis of the disease and follow-up of disease progression.
Optimising a clinical decision support tool to improve chronic kidney disease management in general practice
Authors: Hunter Barbara , Davidson Sandra , Lumsden Natalie , Chima Sophie , Gutierrez Javiera Martinez , Emery Jon , Nelson Craig , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Early identification and treatment of chronic disease is associated with better clinical outcomes, lower costs, and reduced hospitalisation. Primary care is ideally placed to identify patients at risk of, or in the early stages of, chronic disease and to implement prevention and early intervention measures. This paper evaluates the implementation of a technological intervention called Future Health Today that integrates with general practice EMRs to (1) identify patients at-risk of, or with undiagnosed or untreated, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (2) provide guideline concordant recommendations for patient care. The evaluation aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to successful implementation.

Methods
Future Health Today was implemented in 12 general practices in Victoria, Australia. Fifty-two interviews with 30 practice staff were undertaken between July 2020 and April 2021. Practice characteristics were collected directly from practices via survey. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive qualitative analysis strategies, using Clinical Performance - Feedback Intervention Theory (CP-FIT) for theoretical guidance.

Results
Future Health Today was acceptable, user friendly and useful to general practice staff, and supported clinical performance improvement in the identification and management of chronic kidney disease. CP-FIT variables supporting use of FHT included the simplicity of design and delivery of actionable feedback via FHT, good fit within existing workflow, strong engagement with practices and positive attitudes toward FHT. Context variables provided the main barriers to use and were largely situated in the external context of practices (including pressures arising from the COVID-19 pandemic) and technical glitches impacting installation and early use. Participants primarily utilised the point of care prompt rather than the patient management dashboard due to its continued presence, and immediacy and relevance of the recommendations on the prompt, suggesting mechanisms of compatibility, complexity, actionability and credibility influenced use. Most practices continued using FHT after the evaluation phase was complete.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that FHT is a useful and acceptable software platform that provides direct support to general practice in identifying and managing patients with CKD. Further research is underway to explore the effectiveness of FHT, and to expand the conditions on the platform.
The effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on colorectal cancer screening behaviors
Authors: Rakhshani Tayebeh , Razeghi Elham , Kashfi Seyyed Mansour , Kamyab Amirhossein , Khani Jeihooni Ali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death from malignancies globally. The present study was conducted targeting the influence of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on colorectal cancer screening behaviors in people 50 years old and older.

Methods
All 134 samples were included in this quasi-experimental study from Fasa City Health Service Center, equal halves were random into experimental group and control group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that contained questions on demographic variables, knowledge, and HBM constructs (perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and screening behaviors). Both groups answered the questionnaire before and two months following the intervention. There were six 90-minute instruction sessions for the intervention group. SPSS 22 and descriptive and analytical tests (independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test) were used for data analysis (P < 0.05).

Results
59 women and 75 men took part in this study. A majority of participants were married and had at least high school diploma. The findings indicated that the mean scores for knowledge, each of the HBM’s constructs, and cancer screening behaviors did not differ significantly from one another before the intervention between the test group and the control group. However, post the intervention, the intervention group exhibited a significant rise in all mentioned dimensions.

Conclusion
In light of the outcomes, the application of the HBM on colorectal cancer screening behaviors in people 50 years and older was successful. This approach might serve as a helpful foundation for planning, carrying out, and overseeing colorectal cancer screening programs.
Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shi Yue , Zhang XueYi , Feng Yue , Yue ZongXiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The interrelation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) likely arises from shared pathological mechanisms. This study thus aims to examine the impact of MetS and its components on PD.

Methods
This study utilized data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database spanning 1999 to 2020. The random forest algorithm was applied to fill in the missing data. Propensity score optimal full matching was conducted. The data were adjusted by total weights derived from both sampling and matching weights. The weighted data were utilized to create multifactor logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and average marginal effects, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated.

Results
MetS did not significantly affect the risk of PD (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.34; P = 0.92). Hypertension elevated the risk of PD (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.76; P = 0.045), accompanied by a 0.26% increased probability of PD occurrence (95% CI: 0.01%, 0.52%; P = 0.04). Diabetes mellitus (DM) had a 1.38 times greater likelihood of developing PD (OR:1.38; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.89; P = 0.046), corresponding to a 0.32% increased probability of PD occurrence (95% CI: -0.03%, 0.67%; P = 0.07). Nevertheless, no correlation was observed between hyperlipidemia, waist circumference and PD.

Conclusion
MetS does not affect PD; however, hypertension and DM significantly increase the risk of PD.
Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications–a systematic review
Authors: Khairunnisa Z. , Tuygunov N. , Cahyanto A. , Aznita W. H. , Purwasena I. A. , Noor N. S.M. , Azami N. H. , Zakaria M. N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by various microorganisms. Current research evaluates diverse types of biosurfactants against a range of oral pathogens.

Objectives
This systematic review aims to explore the potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications.

Methodology
A systematic literature search was performed utilizing PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with designated keywords. The results were registered in the PROSPERO database and conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Criteria for eligibility, guided by the PICOS framework, were established for both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The QUIN tool was used to assess the bias risk for in vitro dentistry studies.

Results
Among the initial 357 findings, ten studies were selected for further analysis. The outcomes of this systematic review reveal that both crude and purified forms of biosurfactants exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against various oral pathogens. Noteworthy applications of biosurfactants in oral products include mouthwash, toothpaste, and implant coating.

Conclusion
Biosurfactants have garnered considerable interest and demonstrated their potential for application in oral health. This is attributed to their surface-active properties, antiadhesive activity, biodegradability, and antimicrobial effectiveness against a variety of oral microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Efficacy and safety of eliapixant in endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: the randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b SCHUMANN study
Authors: Parke Susanne , Gude Kerstin , Roth Katrin , Messina Fabrizio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The SCHUMANN study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the selective P2 × 3 antagonist eliapixant in patients with endometriosis-associated pelvic pain (EAPP).

Methods
SCHUMANN was a randomized, placebo- and active comparator-controlled, double-blind to placebo and open-label to comparator, parallel-group, multicenter, dose-finding phase 2b study. The participants were women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis who fulfilled defined EAPP criteria. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to twice daily (BID) 25 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg oral eliapixant or a placebo for 12 weeks. An exploratory once-daily elagolix 150 mg treatment group was also included. The primary endpoint was the absolute change in mean worst EAPP from baseline to the end of intervention (EOI).

Results
Overall, 215 participants were randomized for treatment (44 to eliapixant 25 mg, 44 to eliapixant 75 mg, 43 to eliapixant 150 mg, 43 to a placebo, and 41 to elagolix 150 mg). For safety reasons, the study was terminated early; both treatment and enrollment stopped immediately, producing less than 50% of the planned number of completers. The study found no significant differences in EAPP reduction from baseline between groups and no significant dose-response model. The elagolix 150 mg group showed better pain reduction than any of the other groups. No new safety signals were observed, relative to the previously known safety profile of eliapixant, which was generally well tolerated. However, one case of moderate and probably drug-induced liver injury in a participant receiving eliapixant 150 mg BID supported the association between eliapixant and a potential increase in liver function values, defined before the start of the phase 2 program.

Conclusions
This study did not meet its primary objective as no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences in changes of mean worst EAPP from baseline were observed between treatment groups. The single observed case of moderate, probably drug-induced liver injury was the second case in the eliapixant phase 2 program conducted in the following indications: refractory or unexplained chronic cough, diabetic neuropathic pain, overactive bladder, and EAPP. Due to this, the benefit-risk ratio for the study was no longer considered to be positive.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04614246; registered November 3, 2020.