bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady‐state solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using discrete least‐squares meshless method
Authors: Firoozjaee Ali Rahmani , Afshar Mohammad Hadi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA fractional step method for the solution of the steady state incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is proposed in this paper in conjunction with a meshless method, named discrete least‐squares meshless (DLSM). The proposed fractional step method is a first‐order accurate scheme, named semi‐incremental fractional step method, which is a general form of the previous first‐order fractional step methods, i.e. non‐incremental and incremental schemes. One of the most important advantages of the proposed scheme is its capability to use large time step sizes for the solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. DLSM method uses moving least‐squares shape functions for function approximation and discrete least‐squares technique for discretization of the governing differential equations and their boundary conditions. As there is no need for a background mesh, the DLSM method can be called a truly meshless method and enjoys symmetric and positive‐definite properties. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate the ability and the efficiency of the proposed scheme and the discrete least‐squares meshless method. The results are shown to compare favorably with those of the previously published works. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feuerfest und schadstoffarm
Authors: Aneziris Christos G. , Geigenmüller Anja 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOb bei der Stahlherstellung oder Stromerzeugung: Hochleistungskeramiken sind in Industrieanlagen unverzichtbar. Materialforscher arbeiten schon an der nächsten Generation der Werkstoffe. Sie soll nicht nur effizienter sein, sondern auch noch umweltschonender. Weniger Kohlendioxid‐Ausstoß und bessere Energienutzung lautet das ehrgeizige Doppelziel.
Auf der Suche nach „Miss World Energiemais”︁
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNachwachsende Ressourcen: Mais ist für die Erzeugung von Biogas bestens geeignet. Doch wie kann eine Sorte geschaffen werden, die möglichst viel Biomasse und hohe Methanausbeute verspricht? Die moderne Züchtungsforschung gibt antworten.
Der Bio‐Sprit der nächsten Generation
Authors: Pischinger Stefan , Müther Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKraftstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen sind ökologisch attraktiv, haben aber einen geringen Wirkungsgrad und konkurrieren mit der Nahrungsmittelproduktion. Im Rahmen der Exzellenzinitiative arbeiten Aachener Forscher an neuen Gemischen, in denen das Pflanzenmaterial in maßgeschneiderte Kraftstoffkomponenten umgewandelt wird.
Mit dem Akku auf die Überholspur
Authors: Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTransportketten rund um den Globus, Fernreisen übers Wochenende, Berufspendler im Dauerstau: Ungebremste Mobilität trägt erheblich zu schrumpfenden Ölreserven und steigender Erderwärmung bei. Elektroantriebe könnten die Räder viel ressourcenund umweltschonender rollen lassen – nur müssen dafür ihre eigenen Energiespeicher leistungsfähiger werden. Optimierte lithium‐ionen‐Batterien sind hier die Hoffnungsträger.
Auf intelligenten Wegen in die Steckdose
Authors: Rehtanz Christian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSie verbinden die Kraftwerke über den ganzen Kontinent, liefern den Strom an die Kunden, sind Marktplatz und Integrationsplattform für erneuerbare Energien: Elektrische Netze müssen immer komplexere Anforderungen erfüllen. Modernste Verfahren und Technologien sichern die Überwachung und Steuerung der Systeme.
Überzeugungsarbeit für den Wandel
Authors: Renn Ortwin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEnergieforschung braucht nicht nur Technik‐ und Naturwissenschaften: Die Umstellung des Energiesystems kann nur mit einem breiten Konsens in der Gesellschaft gelingen. Die Wissensgrundlagen und Strategien dafür stellen die Kulturwissenschaften bereit.
The promise of future treatments in AF: is it all over for warfarin?
Authors: Antoniou Sotiris 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAspirin and warfarin are currently the only treatment options for patients presenting with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. New oral direct thrombin inhibitors may offer an additional choice or viable alternative. Here we consider their potential role with a focus on dabigatran. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchange traded contracts for difference: Design, pricing, and effects
Authors: Brown Christine , Dark Jonathan , Davis Kevin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContracts for Difference (CFDs) are a significant financial innovation in the design of futures contracts. Over‐the‐counter trading in the UK is significant and has created controversy, but there is no published academic research into the design, pricing, and effects of CFDs. This study analyzes CFD contract design and pricing. It uses a unique database of trades and quotes on exchange traded equity CFDs introduced by the Australian Securities Exchange to test theoretical pricing relationships, and draws out implications for successful design and trading arrangements for the introduction of new derivative contracts. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Maturity effects in the Mexican interest rate futures market
Authors: Gurrola Pedro , Herrerías Renata 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between volatility and contract expiration for the case of Mexican interest rate futures. Specifically, it examines the hypothesis that the volatility of futures prices should increase as contracts approach expiration (the “maturity effect”). Using panel data techniques, the study assesses the differences in volatility patterns between contracts. The results show that although the maturity effect was sometimes present, the inverse effect prevails; volatility decreases as expiration approaches. On the basis of the premises of the negative covariance hypothesis, the study provides additional criteria that explain this behavior in terms of the term structure dynamics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:371–393, 2011
Feasibility of differential diagnosis of kidney tumors by comparative genomic hybridization of fine needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Vieira Joana , Henrique Rui , Ribeiro Franclim R. , Barros‐Silva João D. , Peixoto Ana , Santos Catarina , Pinheiro Manuela , Costa Vera L. , Soares Maria J. , Oliveira Jorge , Jerónimo Carmen , Teixeira Manuel R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe association of a genetic analysis that could improve the diagnostic accuracy of renal cell tumors in biopsy samples would allow better‐informed therapeutic decisions. We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on an ex vivo fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and a tumor fragment obtained from 75 patients consecutively diagnosed with renal tumors and subjected to radical nephrectomy. The pattern of genomic changes by CGH was used blindly to classify the renal tumors and the genetic findings were subsequently compared with the histopathologic diagnosis. In particular cases, including in two carcinomas with morphologically distinct tumor areas, we performed FISH with several locus‐specific probes, and looked for VHL point mutations, exonic rearrangements, or promoter methylation. CGH was successful in 82.7% FNA biopsies and in 96% tumor fragments, with the former allowing genetic diagnosis in 75% of renal cell tumors. The genetic and the initial histological classification differed in two renal neoplasias, but the genetic diagnosis was confirmed after review. The genetic pattern correctly diagnosed 93.5% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 61.5% of chromophobe RCC, 100% of papillary RCC, and 14.3% of oncocytomas, with the negative predictive value being 93.9, 90.7, 100, and 90.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value and specificity of copy number profiles was 100%. We demonstrate that genetic diagnosis by CGH on FNA biopsies can improve differential diagnosis in patients with kidney tumors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New constraints on the metamorphic evolution of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India, based on relict composite inclusions in garnet from ultrahigh‐temperature sapphirine granulites
Authors: Rao C. V. Dharma , Chmielowski Reia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe sapphirine granulites from Gangaraju Madugula, Eastern Ghats Belt (EGB), India preserve a rich variety of mineral assemblages and unique isolated and composite mineral inclusions within garnet that provide robust evidence for extreme crustal metamorphism at ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions (>900°C). Diagnostic UHT assemblages in these rocks include sapphirine + quartz, spinel + quartz and high alumina orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz. The stability of spinel + quartz, sapphirine + quartz and orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz assemblages provides evidence for temperatures exceeding 960°C at moderate pressures. The mineral association of garnet–orthopyroxene is indicative of a subsequent high P–UHT metamorphic event as indicated by the high alumina contents of orthopyroxene (>10 wt% Al2O3) coexisting with garnet. Peak P–T conditions of ∼970°C and 9.5 kbars are calculated from conventional garnet–orthopyroxene geothermobarometry. Calculated isochemical sections constructed in the model system Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3 (NCKFMASHTO) for the sapphirine granulites and garnet–orthopyroxene granulites adequately predict phase relationships that are consistent with those observed in the rocks. An evaluation of the assemblages and textures and P–T estimates indicate a three‐stage evolution of the sapphirine granulites and associated garnet–orthopyroxene granulites: (1) inclusion assemblages with sapphirine, spinel and quartz on the low‐pressure prograde path (M1 stage); (2) a peak UHT assemblage of porphyroblastic garnet–orthopyroxene (M2 stage) and (3) a retrogression that resulted in orthopyroxene–cordierite intergrowths and biotite rims on Grt (M3 stage). The sapphirine granulites and associated garnet–orthopyroxene granulites indicate that they grew during the prograde and retrograde stage. The thermo‐barometric estimates from mineral compositions and the complimentary isochemical sections approached from bulk rock compositions allow tighter constraints to be placed on the P–T evolution of this sector of the EGB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration produces microglia‐like NG2 glial cells in the rat substantia nigra
Authors: Kitamura Yoshihisa , Inden Masatoshi , Minamino Hideaki , Abe Mari , Takata Kazuyuki , Taniguchi Takashi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeuron/glial 2 (NG2)‐expressing cells are often referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells. NG2‐expressing cells have also been identified as multipotent progenitor cells. However, microglia‐like NG2 glial cells have not been fully examined in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we chose two rat models of PD, i.e., intranigral or intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), since the cell bodies of dopamine (DA) neurons, which form a nigrostriatal pathway, are in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) while their nerve terminals are in the striatum. In the nigral 6‐OHDA‐injected model, activated NG2‐positive cells were detected in the SNpc but not in the striatum. In contrast, in the striatal 6‐OHDA‐injected model, these cells were detected in both the SNpc and the striatum. In both models, activated NG2‐positive cells were located close to surviving tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons in the SNpc. In addition, activated NG2‐positive cells in the SNpc coexpressed ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a microglia/macrophage marker. Interestingly, these double‐positive glial cells coexpressed glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). These results suggest that microglia‐like NG2 glial cells may help protect DA neurons and may lead to new therapeutic targets in PD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cathepsin S release from primary cultured microglia is regulated by the P2X7 receptor
Authors: Clark Anna K. , Wodarski Rachel , Guida Francesca , Sasso Oscar , Malcangio Marzia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicroglia respond rapidly to injury, increasing their synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, many of which contribute to the maintenance of persistent pain following CNS or PNS injury. We have recently shown that the lysosomal cysteine protease Cathepsin S (CatS) expressed by spinal microglia is vital for the full expression of neuropathic pain. Here we evaluated the mechanisms by which CatS release occurs from primary microglia in culture. Stimulation of microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or adenosine tri‐phosphate (ATP) alone was insufficient to induce release of enzymatically active CatS in extracellular media. However, following priming with LPS, ATP at 1 mM but not 50 μM resulted in significant release of CatS in the media and maturation of CatS protein in cell extracts. The enzymatic activity measured in media at neutral pH was specific for CatS as it was completely prevented by the CatS inhibitor LHVS. ATP‐induced release of CatS required potassium efflux and both extracellular calcium influx and mobilization of intracellular calcium. Pharmacological modulation of ATP‐induced release of CatS enzymatic activity revealed that this was dependent on activation of the P2X7 receptor and intracellular phospholipase C and phospholipase A2. In addition, ATP‐induced CatS release involved p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, but not ERK and PI3K signalling pathways. Thus, as high concentration of extracellular ATP promotes release of active CatS from microglia via P2X7 receptor activation, we suggest that the inhibition of CatS release is one of the mechanisms responsible for P2X7 antagonist efficacy in neuropathic pain. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PLP/DM20 Expression and turnover in a transgenic mouse model of pelizaeus‐merzbacher disease
Authors: Karim Saadia A. , Barrie Jennifer A. , Mcculloch Mailis C. , Montague Paul , Edgar Julia M. , Iden Debrah L. , Anderson Thomas J. , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Griffiths Ian R. , McLaughlin Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe most common cause of Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher (PMD) is due to duplication of the PLP1 gene but it is unclear how increased gene dosage affects PLP turnover and causes dysmyelination. We have studied the dynamics of PLP/DM20 in a transgenic mouse model of PMD with increased gene dosage of the proteolipid protein gene (Plp1). The turnover of PLP/DM20 were investigated using an ex‐vivo brain slice system and cultured oligodendrocytes. Homozygous mice have reduced PLP translation, markedly enhanced PLP degradation, and markedly reduced incorporation of PLP into myelin. Proteasome inhibition (MG132) prevented the enhanced degradation. Numerous autophagic vesicles are present in homozygous transgenic mice that may influence protein dynamics. Surprisingly, promoting autophagy with rapamycin decreases the degradation of nascent PLP suggesting autophagic vacuoles serve as a cellular storage compartment. We suggest that there are multiple subcellular fates of PLP/DM20 when overexpressed: the vast majority being degraded by the proteasome, a proportion sequestered into autophagic vacuoles, probably fused with endolysosomes, and only a small proportion entering the myelin sheath, where its association with lipid rafts is perturbed. Transgenic oligodendrocytes have fewer membrane sheets and this phenotype is improved with siRNA‐mediated knockdown of PLP expression that promotes the formation of MBP+ myelin‐like sheets. This finding suggests that RNAi technology is in principle applicable to improve CNS myelination when compromised by PLP/DM20 overexpression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic model of transformation and neoplastic progression in laryngeal epithelium
Authors: Marcos César Álvarez , Alonso‐Guervós Marta , Prado Nuria Rodríguez , Gimeno Teresa Sampedro , Iglesias Francisco Domínguez , Hermsen Mario , Llorente José Luis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze genetic alterations in the transformation‐progression model of laryngeal tumors.MethodsCopy number changes of 37 genes were analyzed by multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 94 tissue samples.ResultsIn the smoker normal mucosa group TP53 loss was predominant, whereas in the precursor lesions CDKN2A loss and CDKN2D gain were most frequent. Precursor lesions with progression presented CTNNB1 loss. In the carcinoma group the most common changes were CDKN2A, MLH1, CTNNB1, and CASP6 losses and RECQL4, CCND1, and EMS1 gains. Positive lymph node primary tumors were related to TP53, IL1A, and RB1 losses and STK11 gain. The lymph node metastases differed from their corresponding primary tumor in LMNA, RECQL4, and IGF1R losses, and N33 and CDKN2D gains.ConclusionsGenetic changes and new key genes were found to be associated with specific steps. We included new steps, not presented in the classic models: normal mucosa tobacco exposed, positive lymph node primary tumor, and corresponding lymph node metastases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
First report on the reliability and validity of speech handicap index in native English‐speaking patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Dwivedi Raghav C. , St.Rose Suzanne , Roe Justin W. G. , Chisholm Edward , Elmiyeh Behrad , Nutting Christopher M. , Clarke Peter M. , Kerawala Cyrus J. , Rhys‐Evans Peter H. , Harrington Kevin J. , Kazi Rehan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundPosttreatment speech problems are seen in nearly half of patients with head and neck cancer. Although there are many voice‐specific scales, surprisingly there is no speech‐specific questionnaire for English‐speaking patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the Speech Handicap Index (SHI) as the first speech‐specific questionnaire in the English language.MethodIn all, 55 consecutive patients in follow‐up for oral and oropharyngeal cancer completed the SHI and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQOL V.04). Thirty‐two patients completed both questionnaires again 4 weeks later to address test–retest reliability.ResultsInternal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and group validity of the SHI were found to be highly significant (p < .01) using Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's correlation coefficient (r), and Mann–Whitney U tests.ConclusionsThe SHI is a precise, highly reliable, and valid speech assessment tool for patients with head and neck cancer. Further dedicated studies using the SHI in patients with head and neck cancer would be useful. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Questionable necessity to remove the submandibular gland in neck dissection
Authors: Takes Robert P. , Robbins K. Thomas , Woolgar Julia A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Olofsson Jan , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSaliva is of major importance in taste, speech, swallowing, and protection against dental caries. Neck dissection surgery and/or radiotherapy may impair the function of the submandibular glands. Over the years, there has been a trend toward more conservative approaches to neck dissection. Metastasis to the submandibular gland itself is extremely rare and if removal of the lymph nodes of sublevel IB is imperative, it seems feasible to preserve the submandibular gland, unless it is involved by direct tumor extension of the primary tumor or the adjacent metastatic lymph nodes. Clinical studies to validate this concept are needed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Targeted molecular therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor vandetanib in a mouse model
Authors: Sano Daisuke , Fooshee David R. , Zhao Mei , Andrews Genevieve A. , Frederick Mitchell J. , Galer Chad , Milas Zvonimir L. , Morrow Phuong Khanh H. , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the effects of vandetanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), alone and in combination with paclitaxel in an orthotopic mouse model of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsThe in vitro effects of vandetanib (ZACTIMA) were assessed in 2 HNSCC cell lines on cell growth, apoptosis, receptor and downstream signaling molecule expression, and phosphorylation levels. We assessed in vivo effects of vandetanib and/or paclitaxel by measuring tumor cell apoptosis, endothelial cell apoptosis, microvessel density, tumor size, and animal survival.ResultsIn vitro, vandetanib inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream targets in HNSCC cells and inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of HNSCC cells and extended survival and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice orthotopically injected with human HNSCC.ConclusionVandetanib has the potential to be a novel molecular targeted therapy for HNSCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Neck recurrence after level I–IV or I–III selective neck dissection in the management of the clinically N0 neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bajwa Mandeep S. , McMillan Roddy , Khattak Owais , Thomas Mathew , Krishnan Ojas P. , Webster Keith 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundControversy remains regarding extending the level I–III selective neck dissection (SND) to include level IV in the management of the clinically N0 (cN0) neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsHistologic and follow‐up data of 87 patients with previously untreated OSCC undergoing I–IV SND and 41 undergoing I–III SND between 2002 and 2006 were reviewed.ResultsOf the 98 I–IV SNDs performed, 4 had involvement of level IV. No relationship between tumor variables and level IV involvement was identified. Survival analysis failed to demonstrate a significant difference between I–III and I–IV SND in terms of developing neck recurrence in the 2 years following surgery.ConclusionsLevel I–III SND is effective management of the cN0 neck (when coupled with postoperative radiotherapy in selected cases) in patients with OSCC, although it is recommended that a larger prospective study be performed in this field. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Laryngeal cancer involving a branchial cleft cyst
Authors: Ida Jonathan B. , Stark Matthew W. , Xiang Zhenggong , Fazekas‐May Mary M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundBenign secondary neck lesions in the setting of laryngeal cancer have been described, but not with branchial cleft cysts. This article describes a branchial cleft cyst in a laryngectomy/neck dissection specimen.Methods and ResultsA 44‐year‐old woman presented to our emergency department with an obstructing laryngeal tumor that was staged as a T4N0M0 squamous cell cancer on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings. After laryngectomy with bilateral neck dissections, the neck specimen contained a right‐sided branchial cleft cyst, which was directly invaded by tumor. In addition, the location of the cyst relative to the larynx suggested that this was a third branchial cleft cyst.ConclusionThis is the first report of a laryngeal carcinoma invading a branchial cleft cyst. Staging discrepancies may result from concurrent head and neck lesions, altering treatment plans, or changing the prognosis for the patient. Lesions such as this are nearly impossible to diagnose preoperatively, and a high index of suspicion for advanced cancer should be maintained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010