bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic patterns of sport demand and ageing
Authors: Breuer Christoph , Hallmann Kirstin , Wicker Pamela , Feiler Svenja 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDue to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socio-economical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.
Increased Lipid Peroxidation in LDL from Type‐2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Colas Romain , Pruneta‐Deloche Valérie , Guichardant Michel , Luquain‐Costaz Céline , Cugnet‐Anceau Christine , Moret Myriam , Vidal Hubert , Moulin Philippe , Lagarde Michel , Calzada Catherine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIncreased oxidative stress is associated with type‐2 diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases, but oxidative modification of LDL has been partially characterized. Our aim was to compare the lipid and fatty acid composition as well as the redox status of LDL from diabetic patients and healthy subjects. First, to ensure that isolation of LDL by sequential ultracentrifugation did not result in lipid modifications, lipid composition and peroxide content were determined in LDL isolated either by ultracentrifugation or fast‐protein liquid chromatography. Both methods resulted in similar concentrations of lipids, fatty acids, hydroxy‐octadecadienoic acid (HODE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Then, LDLs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from eight type‐2 diabetic patients and eight control subjects. Compared to control LDL, diabetic LDL contained decreased cholesteryl esters and increased triglyceride concentrations. Ethanolamine plasmalogens decreased by 49%. Proportions of linoleic acid decreased in all lipid classes, while proportions of arachidonic acid increased in cholesteryl esters. Total HODE concentrations increased by 56%, 12‐ and 15‐hydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid by 161 and 86%, respectively, and MDA levels increased by twofold. α‐Tocopherol concentrations, expressed relative to triglycerides, were lower in LDL from patients compared to controls, while γ‐tocopherol did not differ. Overall, LDL from type‐2 diabetic patients displayed increased oxidative stress. Determination of hydroxylated fatty acids and ethanolamine plasmalogen depletion could be especially relevant in diabetes.
Quality of Life and its Correlates in Patients With Obsessive‐compulsive Disorder
Authors: Hou Shu‐Ying , Yen Cheng‐Fang , Huang Mei‐Feng , Wang Peng‐Wei , Yeh Yi‐Chun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe care of patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) has raised quality of life (QOL) issues. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of QOL between patients with and without OCD, and to examine the associations between QOL and sociodemographic data, course of illness, psychopathology, perceived social support, and treatment characteristics. The QOL levels measured with the Taiwan version of the Short Form of the World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life were compared between 57 subjects with OCD and 106 subjects without OCD. The correlates of QOL were examined among subjects with OCD. The analysis revealed that QOL scores for the general, physical, psychological and social relationship domains were lower in the OCD group than in the control group; however, no difference in the environmental domain was found. Multiple factors were associated with poor QOL in subjects with OCD, including comorbid depression, severe obsession symptoms, perceived low social support, severe adverse effects of medication, combined use of mood stabilizers, and low social status. Different domains of QOL are differently affected by OCD. The QOL of subjects with OCD was correlated to multiple factors that were specific to individual subjects and influenced by interactions with treatment and the social environment.
Characteristics of Undiagnosed Liver Abscesses on Initial Presentation at an Emergency Department
Authors: Liu Kuan‐Ting , Lin Tzeng‐Jih , Lee Chi‐Wei , Chen Hui‐Chuan , Chang Yong‐Yuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLiver abscesses often present with nonspecific symptoms and laboratory examination abnormalities, resulting in missed diagnoses at emergency departments (ED). The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in presentation and prognosis between patients in whom liver abscess is diagnosed at an ED or once the patient has been transferred to a ward. Patients with a liver abscess who were discharged from our hospital between 2005 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the clinical characteristics between patients with liver abscess diagnosed at an ED or in a ward. Patients with liver abscess diagnosed at an ED had more abdominal pain (73.4%vs. 42.9%,p< 0.001), longer duration of symptoms before hospitalization (5.5 daysvs. 3.8 days,p= 0.034) and fewer respiratory tract symptoms (12.5%vs. 24.5%,p= 0.05). Fewer cases with abnormal chest X‐rays also existed for these patients (4.7%vs. 14.7%,p= 0.048). Cases not diagnosed at ED had delayed diagnoses for 4.41 ± 3.16 days. Rates of mortality (6.3%vs. 8.2%,p= 0.740), shock (19.5%vs. 20.4%,p= 0.896), and length of hospital stay (19.6 daysvs. 22.4 days,p= 0.173) were not significantly different between the patients diagnosed at an ED and those diagnosed later in a ward. Most information collected at the ED could not be used to aid diagnosis. Only abdominal pain was highly associated with liver abscess diagnosed at the ED. Undiagnosed liver abscess presented less abdominal pain and more symptoms or examination abnormalities related to infection of the respiratory and urinary tracts. Abdominal sonography should be performed more frequently at EDs to exclude liver abscess from differential diagnosis. However, further diagnosis and treatment while the patient with liver abscess is attending a ward does not affect prognosis.
Clinical, Radiologic and Pathologic Characteristics of the Carney Triad: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Chin‐Fan , Chuang Chieh‐Han , Liu Meng‐Kwan , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Lin Hsiang‐Ju , Hsieh Jan‐Sing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis report describes a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage as initial presentations of the Carney triad, a synchronous or metachronous condition involving gastric leiomyosarcoma, extra‐adrenal paraganglioma and pulmonary chondroma. A 26‐year‐old woman presented with dizziness and several episodes of melena over 3 days. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva but normal hemodynamic status. Gastroendoscopy showed one antral submucosal tumor with evidence of an associated bleeder (the bleeder over the mucosal surface of the gastric tumor). An abdominal computed tomography scan showed an antral submucosal tumor, two secondary lesions over segment II/V of the liver and a retroperitoneal tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor and subsequent recovery were uneventful. The gastric GIST with liver metastasis and retroperitoneal paraganglioma were confirmed by pathologic study. The patient was treated with imatinib mesylate for the GIST with liver metastasis, and continued follow‐up treatment at our hospital. An abdominal computed tomography scan at 32 months after surgery showed no change in the liver metastatic lesions and no evidence of local recurrence. Another follow‐up visit at 33 months after surgery confirmed the stable condition. Of nearly 100 cases reported in the literature, this case is the first to be reported in Taiwan. This case highlights the possibility of this rare syndrome occurring in young female patients with one of the three components of the triad and the need for further diagnostic studies for early identification of tumors when curative surgery is still possible.
Castleman's Disease of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report
Authors: Gürbüzler Levent , Ceylan Alper , Yilmaz Metin , Vural Çiğdem 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCastleman's disease (CD) is a very rare disorder characterized by non‐neoplastic growths in lymph nodes in any body regions, although over 60% of cases are located in the mediastinum. The head and neck is the second most commonly involved site, with up to 14% of cases. Of these, nearly 85% are located in the neck. These lesions rarely occur in the salivary glands. Clinically, CD can be divided into unicentric and multicentric forms. We report an unusual case with unicentric CD presenting as a parotid tumor in a 34‐year‐old woman. The lesion was found coincidentally during routine cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the absence of symptoms such as swelling or a mass in the parotid region.
Report on Climate Stabilization Targets Lays Out Potential Impacts
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: August 2010

Emissions reduction choices made today are critical in determining impacts that will be experienced not just during the next several decades but also over the coming centuries and millennia, due to the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon dioxide (CO2) and time lags in the climate system. This is according to a new report on climate change that attempts to quantify the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations.The report, “Climate stabilization targets: Emissions, concentrations, and impacts over decades to millennia,” released on 16 July by a committee of the U.S. National Research Council, indicates that “the Earth is now entering a new geological epoch, sometimes called the Anthropocene, during which the evolution of the planet's environment will be largely controlled by the effects of human activities, notably emissions of carbon dioxide. Actions taken during this century will determine whether the Anthropocene climate anomaly will be a relatively short term and minor deviation from the Holocene climate, or an extreme deviation extending over many thousands of years.”
Strategic Plan Approved by Council
Authors: McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: August 2010

The AGU Council adopted our new Strategic Plan on 7 June 2010 in Washington, D.C.In the past, we tied our planning activities to the 2‐year horizon of elected leadership terms. Our focus was on near‐term objectives with a 1‐ to 2‐year outlook. Planning was heavily driven by headquarters, and participation was limited to a few people.
Articulatory-to-Acoustic Relations in Response to Speaking Rate and Loudness Manipulations
Authors: Mefferd Antje S. , Green Jordan R. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
In this investigation, the authors determined the strength of association between tongue kinematic and speech acoustics changes in response to speaking rate and loudness manipulations. Performance changes in the kinematic and acoustic domains were measured using two aspects of speech production presumably affecting speech clarity: phonetic specification and variability.

Method
Tongue movements for the vowels /ia/ were recorded in 10 healthy adults during habitual, fast, slow, and loud speech using three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography. To determine articulatory-to-acoustic relations for phonetic specification, the authors correlated changes in lingual displacement with changes in acoustic vowel distance. To determine articulatory-to-acoustic relations for phonetic variability, the authors correlated changes in lingual movement variability with changes in formant movement variability.

Results
A significant positive linear association was found for kinematic and acoustic specification but not for kinematic and acoustic variability. Several significant speaking task effects were also observed.

Conclusion
Lingual displacement is a good predictor of acoustic vowel distance in healthy talkers. The weak association between kinematic and acoustic variability raises questions regarding the effects of articulatory variability on speech clarity and intelligibility, particularly in individuals with motor speech disorders.
Nebulized Isotonic Saline Versus Water Following a Laryngeal Desiccation Challenge in Classically Trained Sopranos
Authors: Tanner Kristine , Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Muntz Faye , Houtz Daniel R. , Sauder Cara , Elstad Mark , Wright-Costa Julie 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
To examine the effects of nebulized isotonic saline (IS) versus sterile water (SW) on self-perceived phonatory effort (PPE) and phonation threshold pressure (PTP) following a surface laryngeal dehydration challenge in classically trained sopranos.

Method
In a double-blind, within-subject crossover design, 34 sopranos breathed dry air (relative humidity < 1%) transorally for 15 min and then nebulized 3 mL of IS or SW, or experienced a no-treatment control condition over 3 consecutive weeks. PPE and PTP were measured every 15 min from baseline through 2 hr postdesiccation.

Results

PPE increased significantly following the laryngeal desiccation challenge in all 3 treatment conditions (
p
< .01). After nebulization, PPE returned to baseline for the IS condition only. For the SW and control conditions, PPE remained above baseline during the 2 hr after desiccation. No statistically significant changes in PTP following laryngeal desiccation were observed, although values for the IS condition remained below baseline for nearly 2 hr after nebulization. PPE and PTP were not significantly correlated.

Conclusions
Following a laryngeal surface dehydration challenge, classically trained sopranos reported increased vocal effort that persisted for at least 2 hr. Compared with SW, nebulized IS showed promise as an effective way to remediate the adverse, self-perceived effects of laryngeal desiccation.
Automated Measurement of Vocal Fold Vibratory Asymmetry From High-Speed Videoendoscopy Recordings
Authors: Mehta Daryush D. , Deliyski Dimitar D. , Quatieri Thomas F. , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
In prior work, a manually derived measure of vocal fold vibratory phase asymmetry correlated to varying degrees with visual judgments made from laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) recordings. This investigation extended this work by establishing an automated HSV-based framework to quantify 3 categories of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry.

Method
HSV-based analysis provided for cycle-to-cycle estimates of left–right phase asymmetry, left–right amplitude asymmetry, and axis shift during glottal closure for 52 speakers with no vocal pathology producing comfortable and pressed phonation. An initial cross-validation of the automated left–right phase asymmetry measure was performed by correlating the measure with other objective and subjective assessments of phase asymmetry.

Results
Vocal fold vibratory asymmetry was exhibited to a similar extent in both comfortable and pressed phonations. The automated measure of left–right phase asymmetry strongly correlated with manually derived measures and moderately correlated with visual–perceptual ratings. Correlations with the visual–perceptual ratings remained relatively consistent as the automated measure was derived from kymograms taken at different glottal locations.

Conclusions
An automated HSV-based framework for the quantification of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry was developed and initially validated. This framework serves as a platform for investigating relationships between vocal fold tissue motion and acoustic measures of voice function.
On the Cuticles of some Recent and Fossil Myrtaceæ
Authors: Bandulska Helena 
Published: August 2010

Summary
There is a strong family resemblance between the cuticles of Rhodomyrtus and Tristania, but the latter more frequently has isodiametric stomata and a larger number of narrow and very distinctive girdling cells encircling the guard-cells. There is, moreover, relatively less parenchyma and there are more stomata per unit of area in Tristania than in Rhodomyrtus. The presence of two genera belonging to such a typical Southern Hemisphere family as the Myrtaceae in the Eocene of Bournemouth is a point of some interest. This investigation is not, however, the first to demonstrate their presence in Europe, for Mrs. Reid (1930) has described fruits and seeds of Rhodomyrtus from Tertiary beds of St. Tudy, Finistère, and the latter flora is also regarded as of Eocene age.
A cluster of fruits referred to Tristanites by Saporta has been found in the Oligocene of France. He also figures a leaf, and points out that, though its connection with the fruiting branch is doubtful, it agrees in form and venation with the recent genus Tristania. Schenk referring to the fossil fruits described by Saporta says that as far as one can judge from their external characters they show decided relationship to the Myrtaceæ. I know of no other fossil records of these genera except of two species of Tristanites recorded by Deane from the Miocene flora of Berwick, Australia.
Studies in the Australian Acacias—I. General Introduction*
Authors: Newman I. V. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn the studies to which this paper is an introduction, the genus Acacia (‘Wattles’, in Australia) will be carefully revised, the aim being to establish a phylogenetic classification of the genus as it occurs in Australia.Previous classifications are regarded as too static in conception. These Studies will seek to develop a kinetic conception.Features of the genus have a bearing on the theories of carpel polymorphism (Saunders), phylloclade legume (Thompson), leaf forms (Zimmermann).The position of the genus Acacia in the Leguminosae is briefly reviewed.The existing classification of the genus is found to be usually made with foliar or other vegetative features as the first principle of division. This is regarded as unsatisfactory.The contemporary and geological distribution of the genus is briefly reviewed.The variety of the habit of the genus, the recapitulatory features of the seedlings, and the common morphological features are referred to.An attempt is made to formulate a phylogenetic classification, based on the relationships of the flower-groups in the inflorescence as the first principle of division, on the relationships of the flowers in the flower-groups as the second principle of division, and on the foliar character as the third principle of division. The theoretical considerations underlying this scheme are presented, together with some already-known phenomena of the genus which support it. The scheme explains the occurrence of difficulties experienced in placing species in existing classifications.There is given a list of species selected for examination.
A revision of Lobostemon Lehm., and a discussion of the Species Problem
Authors: Levyns Margaret R. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
The previous accounts of the genus Lobostemon are shown to be inadequate, and a complete revision has been made. A small genus Echiostachys is separated from Lobostemon on floral and vegetative features. A more precise definition of Lobostemon is given, and it is shown that the so-called Lobostemons of Tropical Africa have no claim to inclusion in the genus, which is purely South African. Lobostemon is subdivided into five well-marked sections, the characters of which are given. While the sections may be easily recognised, many of the species show ill-defined boundaries. A cytological investigation of half the species of Lobostemon and all the species of Echiostachys has been made. The basic number of chromosomes is seven in both genera. The species problem is discussed, and it is shown that Vavilov's Law of Homologous Series in Variation is applicable here. Detailed descriptions of the two genera and the species are given, together with their synonomy. Herbarium specimens are cited under each species. Keys to the species are given.
Seroepidemiological study of retroviruses (HTLV‐I/II, HIV‐1, HIV‐2) in the Department of Atacora, Northern Benin
Authors: Houinato D. , Verdier M. , Josse R. , Zohoun T. , Letenneur L. , Salamon R. , Denis F. , Preux P. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of retrovirus infection (HTLV‐I/II, HIV‐I, HIV‐2) by representative sampling of the general population in the Department of Atacora in north‐western Benin is reported. The seroprevalence rate of HTLV‐I in this sample was at 1.86% (95% CI 1.20–2.52%). This is in agreement with prevalence rates reported from neighbouring countries of the sub‐region. No sera were found positive for HTLV‐II. Seropositivity to HIV‐I was 0.3%; HIV‐2 seropositivity was not encountered.
High HIV seroprevalence among patients with pyomyositis in Northern Uganda
Authors: Ansaloni L. , Acaye G. L. , Re M. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWith the aim of correlating pyomyositis with HIV infection, we have carried out a case‐control comparison of HIV seroprevalence among patients affected by pyomyositis and an age and sex‐matched control group of healthy subjects. Over a one‐year period, 35 patients with pyomyositis, 20 male and 15 female, mean age 28.31 years, were admitted to Dr Ambrosoli Memorial Hospital of Kalongo (Kitgum District, Northern Uganda). Among these patients, II were HIV‐antibody‐positive, with a seroprevalence of 31.42%. In the age and sex‐matched control group of 35 healthy subjects, selected in the same period from volunteers admitted to the surgical ward for orthopaedic trauma, two were HIV‐antibody‐positive, with a seroprevalence of 5.71%. The matched analysis produced a Mantel‐Haenszel matched odds ratio of 5.50 and a maximum likelihood estimate of OR (MLE) of 5.50 (exact 95% confidence limits for MLE=1.20<OR<51.07). Among the II HIV‐seropositive patients, 9 (81.8%) fulfilled the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition (CCD) for AIDS, compared with 1 of twenty‐four (4.1%) HIV‐negatives. The chi‐square test for difference in fulfilling the CCD for AIDS between patients with pyomyositis seropositive and seronegative gave a statistically significant result (P<0.0001). The authors conclude that pyomyositis is a bacterial infection very significantly associated with HIV infection, to be considered a strong sign of stage III–IV of HIV disease.