bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with cancer in a screened population for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural Wuwei, China: Application of the Anderson Health Service utilization model
Authors: Sun Qian , Hu Junguo , Cai Qinghua , Ye Yancheng , Wang Hongzong , Huang Yue , Liu Xiaxia , Wang Xinghua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: The screening situation of rural upper gastrointestinal cancer was reported in this area, and the influencing factors and influencing paths of upper gastrointestinal cancer were explored, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Methods: In Liangzhou district of Wuwei City, 10 towns with high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer were selected by cluster sampling to carry out screening. A hypothesis model of influencing factor pathway analysis for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer in Wuwei City was constructed by using Anderson model as the framework. According to the results of factor screening, a path analysis model of influencing factors in upper digestive tract patients in Wuwei city was established to analyze the influencing paths and influencing coefficients of each factor.
Results: A total of 12453 patients were screened for upper gastrointestinal cancer in rural areas from 2017 to 2022. The detection rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer was 1.57%, the early diagnosis rate was 35.90%. Path coefficient showed that male, old age, smoking, hot food, family history of disease, belching symptoms and history of gastroscopy were more likely to develop cancer in rural upper gastrointestinal cancer screening population. Variables such as age, marital status, family history of disease and eructation will also have an indirect impact on whether rural upper gastrointestinal cancer screening population will suffer from cancer through the indirect path of whether gastroscopy history is a mediating variable.
Conclusion: It is suggested that cancer screening workers should pay more attention to the screening results and long-term follow-up results of rural upper gastrointestinal cancer screening population with male, old age, smoking, eating hot food, family history of disease, belching symptoms and history of gastroscopy.
Integrating tumor hypoxic sensing and photothermal therapy using a miniaturized fiber-optic theranostic probe
Authors: Ran Yang , Jin Fangzhou , Xu Zhiyuan , Wang Wei , Chen Zhongyuan , Wu Yang , Li Zesen , Song Enlai , Yue Xu , Zhang Yongkang , Li Wei , Feng Youzhen , Cao Donglin , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Minfeng , Cai Xiangran , Guan Bai-Ou 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Efficient delivery of photons to visceral organs is critical for the treatment of deep-seated tumors taking advantage of photo-theranostics. Optical fiber can be regarded as a direct and facile photon pathway for targeting tumor lesion with negligible body invasion. However, current fiber theranostic strategies rely on the spatially separated optical fibers to realize diagnosis and therapy independently, resulting in low compactness, poor continuity of medical process, and incompatibility with current medical technologies. Herein, we develop an integrated fiber-optic theranostic (iFOT) probe that merges tumor microenvironment (TME) sensing and photothermal therapy (PTT) by functionalizing the fiber with graphene/gold nanostar hybrid materials and hypoxic-responsive fluorophores. The iFOT probe can quickly detect the hypoxia of xenograft tumors of mice with high sensitivity. The tumors can be photothermally killed on-site through the same fiber probe tightly followed by detection, which presents a high cure rate without the risk of recurrence. More importantly, the iFOT is highly adaptable to the conventional medical imaging and endoscopic techniques, such as laparoscope, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging, which facilitates the imaging-assisted navigation and manipulation by use of the interventional trocar. The proposed integrated fiber-optic theranostic strategy can be used as an effective endoscopic and interventional tool for tackling deep-situated tumor and may open a revolutionized pathway to bridge the separate diagnosis and therapy process in the current stage.
Simulation and Implementation of PI, Fuzzy and ANFIS Controller for PV and WIND Based EV Charging Station
Authors: Bukya Ravi , Mohan G. Madhu , Sharanya M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The study utilizes a fuzzy logic-controller, as referenced in the selection of a FLC is based on its remarkable capacity to handle systems that exhibit nonlinearities and uncertainties. This capability arises from its use of operator experiences, which enhances the system with an additional layer of intelligence. FLC's primary benefit is from its autonomy from a specific mathematical model of the system, making it more resilient in comparison to traditional controllers. The unique strength of FLC is its capacity to express linguistic rules based on fuzzy sets and fuzzy algorithms. This characteristic allows it to handle the imprecision and uncertainty inherent in SPV systems, which conventional controllers may struggle to accommodate. Fuzzy logic operates on the principle of linguistic variables and rule-based reasoning, making it well-suited for systems with complex and non-linear behavior, such as SPV modules. The preceding sections have highlighted the intricate non-linear attributes found in SPV modules, which pose challenges for standard methods used in MPP Tracking (MPPT) to identify and extract the MPP. AN techniques, such as FL-based MPPT, offer a highly promising alternative. It utilizes human-like reasoning, integrating qualitative information to make judgments without requiring a precise mathematical description of the system. The use of FLC in MPPT for SPV modules reflects a strategic approach to address the challenges posed by the non-linear nature of these modules. By capitalizing on the inherent adaptability and intelligence of fuzzy logic, this technique enhances the robustness and efficiency of the SPV system, showcasing the broader applicability and advantages of AI in optimizing renewable energy systems
Cerium oxide nanomaterial regulates endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria of wheat to enhance resistance under simulated microgravity stress
Authors: Fu Yuming , Chen Dengbo , Cui Jingjing , Zhao Liting , Xin Pan , Yan Shaocheng , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Certain nanomaterials, including cerium dioxide nanoparticle (CeO2 NP), have shown promise in modulating microbial composition in plants, thereby alleviating stressors such as the notable microgravity in space conditions. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we explored microbial community variations within the wheat rhizosphere and endosphere under simulated microgravity. With a 500 mg/L concentration, CeO2 NP enhanced wheat growth, particularly augmenting root growth, elevating stem diameter and root-to-shoot ratio, and improving endophytic microbial diversity with less impact on the rhizospheric community. Importantly, CeO2 NP mitigated simulated microgravity impact, including a notable increase in Bacteroidetes and a lesser decline of Firmicutes, thus bolstering microbial network stability. Additionally, CeO2 NP upregulated metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism in rhizospheric microbiota, alongside nucleotide metabolism in endophytic microbiota. This insight deepens our understanding of cerium dioxide nanoparticles' potential in alleviating the adverse effects of simulated microgravity on plants through microbial modulation and provides new implications for future exploration of nanomaterials in enhancing plant health in space agriculture.
Trends and Factors Affecting the Initiation of Denosumab and Zoledronic Acid among Patients with Metastatic Lung, Breast, and Prostate Cancer in the United States
Authors: Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Billor Nedret , Ngorsuraches Surachat , Westrick Salisa , Xu Pei , Johnson Brandon , Qian Jingjing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with Metastatic lung, breast, and prostate cancer (MLBPC) experience skeletal related events (SREs), which significantly decrease survival. Denosumab (DS) and Zoledronic acid (ZA) are recommended for these patients to prevent such SREs. However, there is a lack of evidence in the patterns and predictors of real-world initiation of DS versus ZA in older MLBPC patients in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the trends and factors associated with DS or ZA initiation among older MLBPC patients in the US.
Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-linked Medicare data to identify patients diagnosed with MLBPC between 2012 and 2017 who initiated DS/ZA treatment within 12 months of cancer diagnosis. Demographics, healthcare utilization, comorbidities, disease, and treatment attributes of new users were evaluated. Trends in treatment initiation were assessed using Cochran-Armitage tests among all MLBPC patients and by cancer type. T-tests, Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regressions were employed to identify factors influencing the choice between DS and ZA initiation.
Results
In 2012–2017, DS initiation trends increased across all individual cancer cohorts as well as the overall MLBPC sample, while ZA initiation notably decreased in the metastatic breast cancer and MLBPC cohorts (all P < 0.0001). Patients more likely to initiate DS over ZA were older at diagnosis, Hispanic, single, eligible for low-income subsidies, urban residents, had multiple comorbidities, impaired renal function, and prior chemotherapy use.
Conclusions
There are significant differences between the trends in DS and ZA initiation as well as in the factors affecting initiation among MLBPC patients.
Early enteral nutrition increases 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis who are on invasive mechanical ventilation: A retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC - IV database
Authors: Xu Fuchao , Wu Quantong , Gu Shuangshuang , Lu Geng , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The optimal timing of enteral nutrition for critically ill septic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who require invasive mechanical ventilation has not been determined, and the influence of early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes is unclear.
Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2 (MIMIC-IV 2.2) database to investigate patients with sepsis who needed invasive mechanical ventilation post-ICU admission. Patients who had enteral nutrition (EN) initiated within 72 hours of ICU were categorized into the early enteral nutrition (EEN) group, while those who began enteral nutrition after 72 hours were placed in the delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to compare outcomes between these two groups, with the primary outcome being 28-day mortality.
Results:The final analysis included 2293 patients, 1546 (67.4%) of whom received enteral nutrition within 72 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 31.0%. After propensity score matching employing the proximity matching method, Cox survival analysis revealed that early enteral nutrition was associated with increased 28-day mortality in septic patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio(HR) 1.440 , 95% CI 1.179–1.760; p ＜0.001). The sensitivity and robustness of the evaluation results under different models, including optimal matching (adjusted odds ratio（aOR） 1.54, 95% CI 1.22–1.93, p < 0.001), inverse probability of treatment weighting (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58, p = 0.035), and logistic regression analysis (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18–1.84, p = 0.001), confirmed the detrimental effects of early enteral nutrition on invasive mechanical ventilation in septic patients. Subgroup analyses of the original data indicated that early enteral nutrition may be particularly harmful in mechanically ventilated septic shock patients and severely ill young female patients.
Conclusions: Compared to delayed enteral nutrition, early enteral nutrition increases 28-day mortality in septic patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, especially in septic shock patients and severely ill young female patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare the efficacy of early and delayed enteral nutrition in septic patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.
Differences in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome between Patients with Type A aortic dissection and Patients with Primary Hypertension
Authors: Yang Bo , Shen Zhiying , Wang Mingliang , Mei LuGang , Wu Yang , Yu Xuefei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: The gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) influences various bodily systems through bacterial translocation or metabolism. Previous research has linked GM dysbiosis to the development of conditions such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and other cardiovascular ailments. The pathogenesis of Type A Aortic Dissection (TAAD) is complex, and few studies have reported on the role of the GM in the pathogenesis of TAAD.
Methods: To elucidate the involvement of the GM in TAAD pathogenesis, fecal samples were obtained from TAAD patients and individuals with Primary Hypertension (PH), serving as which composed the control group. Subsequently, the abundance and composition of the GM were evaluated via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.
Results: The results revealed a notable difference in the GM structure between the TAAD group and the PH group. Additionally, LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroidetes dysbiosis contributed the most to GM dysbiosis in TAAD patients, suggesting that Bacteroidetes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAAD.
Conclusions: Compared to patients with PH, patients with TAAD are significantly dysbiotic in gut microbiota composition, providing new mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of TAAD.
Screening resistant germplasms and quantitative trait locus mapping of resistance to Tomato chlorosis virus
Authors: Gao Wenzheng , Wang Zhirong , Dong Chenchen , Wei Kai , Chen Yifan , Qiu Zhuoyao , Pan Yuanyuan , Liu Ziteng , Li Xin , Du Yongchen , Huang Zejun , li Junming , Wang Xiaoxuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an emerging plant virus, posing a substantial threat to the cultivation of economically vital vegetable crops, particularly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Despite its substantial impact on crop yield, resistant or tolerant tomato germplasms have not been well-documented, and the genetic basis of resistance to ToCV remains poorly understood. In this study, two wild accessions that were immune to ToCV and five accessions that were highly resistant to ToCV were identified from 58 tomato accessions. Additionally, a novel method was developed for evaluating resistance to ToCV in tomatoes and observed that tomatoes exhibited typical pathological features on day 15 and day 30 after ToCV inoculation, referred to as Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) sequencing in conjunction with classical QTL approaches, ToCV resistance loci were identified in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between SG11 (susceptible) and LA1028(resistant) and between SP15 (susceptible) and LA0444(resistant). Genetic analysis indicated that resistance to ToCV in the wild-type ToCV-resistant tomato accessions LA1028 and LA0444 was quantitative and mainly governed by four loci (Qtc1.1 and Qtc11.1 from LA1028 and Qtc7.1and Qtc9.1from LA0444). Subsequently, transcriptome analysis of three resistant accessions (LA2157, LA0444, and LA1028) and two susceptible accessions (SG11 and SP15) revealed unique differentially expressed genes and specific biological processes at the two stages of ToCV infection. This study provides new resistant germplasms and potential genetic resources for ToCV resistance, which can be valuable in tomato molecular breeding programs to obtain resistant varieties.
Efficacy of Metformin-Cabergoline compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Management of PCOS with Hyperprolactinemia– A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Aakash , Nazim Ahsan , Maheshwari Mahveer , Kumari Nisha , Kumar Purneet , Lohana Chandar Kanta , Kala Deep , Ali Khansa , Raj Hem , Islam Hamza , Islam Rabia , riaz monazza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Metformin plays a major part in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Trials are being conducted to compare the effectiveness of combination of metformin with cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin monotherapy and combination therapy with cabergoline vs metformin for the management of PCOS with hyperprolactinemia.
Methodology
An extensive search up until January 23rd, 2024 of electronic databases (PubMed, Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials, Web of Sciences, SCOPUS) to find pertinent studies. An analysis was conducted with both observational data and randomized clinical trials (RCTs). To compute the standard mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI), RevMan (v5.3) was utilized. Primary outcomes that were assessed included body-mass index (BMI), regular menstruation, weight change, prolactin, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) levels.
Results
Three randomized controlled trials and one observational study, taking a total patient population of n = 535, were part of our final analysis. Prolactin (SMD = -3.23 95%Cl:(-4.90, -1.55)) and DHEAS levels (SMD = -0.27 95%Cl:(-0.52, -0.01)) were significantly lower in the metformin and cabergoline combination therapy group; monthly regularity was also significantly higher (OR = 3.07 95%Cl:(2.09, 4.51)). Statistically, there was no significant difference in weight, BMI, or testosterone levels.
Conclusions
In the treatment of PCOS, the combination of metformin and cabergoline significantly lowers prolactin levels and encourages regular menstrual cycles. Although metformin has the potential to suppress testosterone levels, more investigation is required to determine how combination therapy affect DHEAS and testosterone levels. It's interesting to note that while neither intervention had a substantial impact on weight or BMI, metformin and cabergoline combination therapy outperformed metformin monotherapy in terms of supporting regular menstrual cycles. Customized therapy approaches are essential, and large-scale trials involving a variety of groups are required to comprehend the safety and effectiveness of treatments.
Assessing the Impact of Cooking on Bioactive Compounds in Tomato Sauces with Added Tomato Pomace: A Chemometric Study
Authors: Perez Maria , González-Coria Johana , Mesirca-Prevedello Camilla , Lozano-Castellón Julián , Casadei Enrico , Valli Enrico , López-Yerena Anallely , Jaime-Rodríguez Carolina , Pinto Diana , Illan Montse , Torrado Xavier , Romanyà Joan , Vallverdú-Queralt Anna , Bendini Alessandra , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The disposal of waste from widely consumed foods, such as tomatoes, poses a considerable challenge for the agro-industry. Tomato pomace (TP), a by-product of tomato processing consisting of peels and seeds, is an underutilized source of bioactive compounds with potential application in the food sector. In this work, a factorial experiment was designed to compare three culinary techniques, Thermomix® and Roner® food processing and traditional pan-frying, for the preparation of tomato sauces, enriched or not with TP, applying two temperatures and two cooking times. A multivariate analysis was performed on all the results obtained for the studied metabolites. The addition of TP significantly increased the content of bioactive compounds in the tomato sauce, especially phenolic compounds. OPLS-DA models were generated, using cooking technique, temperature, and time as discriminant factors. The culinary technique had a greater effect on the phenolic content than cooking temperature or duration time. During processing in the Thermomix®, but not the Roner®, bioactive components were released from tomato into the sauce to a similar extent as traditional pan-frying. Although no significant increase in bioactive compounds was found when using the Roner®, this technique proved effective in preserving the volatile fraction of the sauce. The two new cooking home technologies evaluated, comparing with the classical pan frying, have different effect on the tomato sauce preparation; while the Thermomix ®, increased significatively the amount of bioactive compounds, the Roner® increased the amount of volatile compounds.
Construction of Prediction Model Integrating the Radiomics Features of Segmented Clots for Risk Stratification in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Shen Rui , Guo Youmin , Shen Cong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a major cardiovascular disease, the risk stratification is challenging. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of developing a prediction model for risk stratification of APE patients based on radiomics features of the clots.
Materials and Methods
Computer tomography pulmonary angiography images from 66 APE patients (50% of males, 51.5% of age > 60 years) with different risk levels (33 high-risk and 33 non-high-risk) were analyzed retrospectively. Qanadli and Mastora index was used for evaluating the obstruction degree manually. Radiomics features were extracted from the clots. Independent t-test, least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) and correlation matrix were used to select the most discriminative features. Support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and Multi-layer Perceptron-neural net (MLP-NN) were used to build risk stratification models. Mean accuracy and its standard deviation of a 10-fold-cross-validation and the correct rate of these six classifiers were evaluated and compared.
Results
1737 radiomics features were extracted from the segmented clots. 16 features, including 5 shape-based features, 8 texture-based features and 3 histogram-based features, were identified as the most discriminative features after eliminating redundant and irrelevant ones. Mean accuracies and their standard deviations showed that MLP-NN had the best performance (0.9042 ± 0.3029), followed by GNB (0.8625 ± 0.3334), SVM (0.8542 ± 0.4070), RF (0.8542 ± 0.3787), KNN (0.8292 ± 0.3038) and DT (0.7667 ± 0.3122), while the GNB model can predict the highest number of the high risk APE patients. MLP-NN yielded the highest correct prediction rate (86.36%), followed by GNB (84.85%), SVM (84.85%), RF (81.82%) and KNN (81.82%), all improved over the clinical scoring systems of Qanadli and Mastora scoring Indices (72.73% and 77.27%).
Conclusions
The radiomics features combined with MLP-NN can be potentially applied in the clinical risk stratification process to assist the treatment decision for APE patients.