bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking speed and peak plantar pressure distribution during barefoot walking in persons with diabetes
Authors: Ko Mansoo , Hughes Lynne , Lewis Harriet 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground. The impact of walking speed has not been evaluated as a feasible outcome measure associated with peak plantar pressure (PPP) distribution, which may result in tissue damage in persons with diabetic foot complications. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the walking speed and PPP distribution during barefoot walking in persons with diabetes. Methods. Nine individuals with diabetes and nine age–gender matched individuals without diabetes participated in this study. Each individual was marked at 10 anatomical landmarks for vibration and tactile pressure sensation tests to determine the severity of sensory deficits on the plantar surface of the dominant limb foot. A steady state walking speed, PPP, the fore and rear foot (F/R) PPP ratio and gait variables were measured during barefoot walking. Results. Persons with diabetes had a significantly slower walking speed than the age–gender matched group resulting in a significant reduction of PPP at the F/R foot during barefoot walking (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in F/R foot PPP ratio in the diabetic group compared with the age–gender matched group during barefoot walking (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the diabetic and non‐diabetic groups for cadence, step time, toe out angle and the anterior–posterior excursion (APE) for centre of force (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Walking speed may be a potential indicator for persons with diabetes to identify PPP distribution during barefoot walking in a diabetic foot. However, the diabetic group demonstrated a more cautious walking pattern than the age–gender matched group by decreasing cadence, step length and APE, and increasing step time and toe in/out angle. People with diabetes may reduce the risk of foot ulcerations as long as they are able to prevent severe foot deformities such as callus, hammer toe or charcot foot. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen annealing for deuterium‐doped indium tin oxide thin films
Authors: Okada Koichi , Kohiki Shigemi , Luo Suning , Kohno Atsushi , Tajiri Takayuki , Ishii Satoshi , Sekiba Daiichiro , Mitome Masanori , Shoji Fumiya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDeuterium‐doped indium tin oxide films, fabricated by dc plasma deposition in sputter gas consisting of deuterium and argon, were annealed at 300 °C for 40 min in flowing oxygen gas by using tubular gold image furnace. On oxygen annealing, the optical transparency of the film deposited at the gas pressure ratio of deuterium to argon of 3.6% increased from ≈30 to 60% at the wavelength of 600 nm, although that of the films deposited at the ratios of 1 and 1.5% slightly decreased from 88 to 80% and from 85 to 77%, respectively. The resistivity of the films at room temperature, ranged from 2 × 10−4 to 1.4 × 10−3 Ω cm corresponding to the gas pressure ratio from 1 to 3.6%, was almost the same before and after the annealing for each film. A change in morphology toward a smoother surface by the oxygen annealing was apparent especially for the film with the gas pressure ratio of 3.6%. Agglomeration of randomly oriented grains with diameters of <100–200 nm observed before the annealing disappeared on annealing. A smoother surface is responsible for higher transparency of the annealed films that contained densely populated hydroxyl bond before the annealing. magnified image
Oxygen annealing at 300 °C enlarged the optical transmittance (left panel) but decreased the population of hydrogen‐bonded oxygen (right panel) of the indium tin oxide thin film fabricated by dc plasma deposition in sputter gas containing deuterium of 3.6%.
Narrow sintering temperature window for (K, Na)NbO3‐based lead‐free piezoceramics caused by compositional segregation
Authors: Fang Jian , Wang Xiaohui , Zuo Ruzhong , Tian Zhibin , Zhong Caifu , Li Longtu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a typical Li‐ and Ta/Sb‐modified alkaline niobate‐based ceramics prepared by conventional sintering were investigated in terms of different sintering temperatures and dwelling times. Compositional segregation phenomenon is found to exist in the alkaline niobate‐based ceramics sintered at the temperatures above their melting points. As a result, microstructures of the ceramics become nonuniform, and electrical properties of them are degraded. Results indicate that compositional segregation is also a factor in the narrow sintering temperature window for alkaline niobate‐based ceramics.
Characterization of ferromagnetism around interfaces by rear‐incident magneto‐optic Kerr effect
Authors: Tsubouchi Kenta , Ohkubo Isao , Oshima Masaharu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling of magnetic properties around interfaces can improve the performances of magnetic devices such as magnetic tunneling junction. We propose characterization of ferromagnetism around interface by rear‐incident magneto‐optic Kerr effect (MOKE). In order to establish a rear‐incident MOKE technique, effects of absorption, reflection, and Faraday rotation by substrates have been carefully investigated on Ni80Fe20 thin films deposited on various substrates. Differences of Kerr rotation angle caused by effects of absorption and reflection of the substrates were negligibly small. Measurements of Kerr hystereses were performed without negative influence of Faraday rotation in substrates with Verdet constant smaller than 0.05 rad/Tmm such as SiO2, glass, and SrTiO3, shows that rear‐incident MOKE can be used for evaluation of ferromagnetism around interfaces.
Dynamics of quantum dots with strong electron phonon coupling: Correlation expansion vs. path integrals
Authors: Vagov A. , Croitoru M. D. , Axt V. M. , Machnikowski P. , Kuhn T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have simulated coherent control signals from quantum dots for carrier phonon interactions covering the low as well as the strong coupling limit. Calculations using the correlation expansion for phonon assisted density matrices are compared with numerically exact results obtained from a time dependent path‐integral approach. Even at elevated coupling strengths both calculations agree well for not too high temperatures. For pulse lengths and delay times shorter than the phonon induced memory time the correlation expansion gives good results in almost all cases. For strong coupling and/or high temperatures drastic discrepancies emerge. Interestingly, the correlation expansion works better at high pulse areas, which is related to a dynamic decoupling of electron and phonon dynamics in strongly confined systems.
Inductive equation of motion approach for a semiconductor QD‐QED: Coherence induced control of photon statistics
Authors: Kabuss Julia , Carmele Alexander , Richter Marten , Chow Weng W. , Knorr Andreas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an inductive method for the microscopic description of quantum dot (QD) QED. Our description reproduces known effects up to an arbitrary accuracy, and is extendable to typical semiconductor effects, like many electron‐ and phonon‐interactions. As an application, this method is used to theoretically examine quantum coherence phenomena and their impact on photon statistics for a Λ‐type semiconductor QD strongly coupled to a single mode cavity and simultaneously excited with an external laser.
Theoretical study on the interaction between C3 molecular wires and nanotubes
Authors: Feng ShiQuan , Wu Weidong , Cheng Xinlu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the present paper, the interaction between C3 molecular wires and nanotubes is studied by using first‐principles calculations based on spin density functional theory. We optimize the geometries structures of isolated C3 molecules. In addition, we present the bond lengths and bond angles for the C3 molecular wires that are inserted into different single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In addition, the binding energies between C3 and SWCNTs are also calculated. Furthermore, the energy band structures and electron density of states (DOS) of C3@(4,4) and C3@(7,0) are also shown and compared with those of armchair SWCNT (4,4) and zigzag SWCNT (7,0). Then, we further investigate the interaction between C3 molecular wires and single‐walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs) by the same method used in SWCNTs, and find that the presence of C3 molecules in BNNTs introduces an intermediate band (IB) consisting of two new energy bands. And the IB dramatically decreases the bandgaps of BNNTs.
Identification of shallow Al donors in ZnO
Authors: Herklotz F. , Lavrov E. V. , Weber J. , Mamin G. V. , Kutin Y. S. , Volodin M. A. , Orlinskii S. B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA combined magnetic resonance, photoluminescence, photoconductivity, and Raman scattering study of ZnO is presented. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron‐nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy identify substitutional Al as a binding core of a shallow, effective‐mass‐like donor in ZnO. Based on the correlation between the EPR and photoluminescence data it is shown that recombination of an exciton bound to Al gives rise to the 3360.7 meV photoluminescence line (I6). A$1{\rm s}\to 2{\rm p}$donor transition at 316 cm−1is detected in photoconductivity and Raman spectra.
Ultraviolet luminescence in AlN
Authors: Schulz T. , Albrecht M. , Irmscher K. , Hartmann C. , Wollweber J. , Fornari R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe defect related luminescence in the near UV region between 3 and 4 eV has been investigated in insulating, n‐type and irradiation damaged AlN. A single luminescence band around 3.3 eV with a full width at half maximum of more than 500 meV, is attributed to a donor–acceptor pair transition at low temperatures. The substantial linewidth and a Stokes shift of around 1.3 eV result from strong electron–phonon coupling of the deep acceptor. While the chemical nature of the donor remains ambiguous, the acceptor species is attributed to the isolated Al vacancy, i.e. ${\rm V}_{{\rm Al}}^{{\rm 3}{-} } $. This luminescence band might be interesting for studying n‐type compensation mechanisms in AlN.
Investigation of the confinement potential within GaNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells
Authors: Goshima Keishiro , Kittaka Akinobu , Fujii Kensuke , Shiraga Masahiro , Tsurumachi Noriaki , Nakanishi Shunsuke , Akiyama Hidefumi , Koshiba Shyun , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe conducted a detailed investigation of the potential structure within GaNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using three independent experimental techniques: the temperature dependence of Photo‐luminescence (PL) spectroscopy, time‐resolved PL spectroscopy, and degenerate four‐wave mixing (DFWM) measurements. We observed a very long lifetime (T1 = 12 ns) and dephasing time (T2 = 130 ps) of excitons in the GaNAs/GaAs MQWs. We suggested that the GaNAs/GaAs MQWs have a strong and deep confinement structure that is comparable to that of quantum dots (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental study on elasto‐optic effect in bulk GaN crystal
Authors: Fukuzawa Masayuki , Kashiwagi Ryo , Yamada Masayoshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractElasto‐optic effect has been studied experimentally in bulk α‐GaN crystal. By using an imaging type transmission polariscope, two‐dimensional distribution of refractive index difference |Δn | was measured in the c‐plane of beam‐like samples (3×3×10 mm3) while applying the external stress compressive to its longitudinal directions. The two‐dimensional distribution of |Δn | revealed its local fluctuation reflecting residual strain distribution of the sample because there is no natural birefringence in c‐plane. At the initial stage of stress impression, the |Δn | was increased or decreased at each point according to whether the residual strain is compressive or tensile along the stress‐applied direction. The |Δn | was finally increased with a similar slope at the final stress‐impression stage, regardless of the residual strain level. The |p11‐p12| was obtained as 0.13 from the averaged slope of the final stress‐impression stage, which is useful for estimating the magnitude of residual strain in c‐plane GaN substrates. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AFM‐based photocurrent imaging of epitaxial and colloidal QDs
Authors: Madl M. , Brezna W. , Strasser G. , Klang P. , Andrews A. M. , Bodnarchuk M. I. , Kovalenko M. V. , Yarema M. , Heiss W. , Smoliner J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present photocurrent images and spectroscopic results of sub‐surface InAs quantum dots (QDs) and thin films of colloidal PbS QDs obtained at room temperature and under ambient conditions by means of photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pcAFM) under 916 nm and 900 nm illumination respectively.InAs QDs appear as dark areas in the photocurrent image, because imaging was performed at the wetting layer excitation energy. The PbS nanocrystal film imaged at the energy of the first excitonic transition displays local variations of the photoactivity. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on fabrication method of forming‐free resistance random access memory
Authors: Yoda Takatoshi , Kinoshia Kentaro , Makino Tatsuya , Dobashi Kazufumi , Kishida Satoru 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn general, the resistance change effect in transition metal oxides appears after a forming process, which is similar to the soft breakdown. However, there exist resistive random access memory cells which do not need the forming process. These cells are initially in the low resistance state and start with a reset process, which is a switching from a low resistance state to a high resistance state. Therefore, filaments are considered to be formed already in an initial state and, therefore, we call this kind of filaments “native filaments (NFIs)”. The first I ‐V characteristics of pristine memory cells with the Pt/NiO/Pt structure, which were formed by using reactive ion etching (RIE), were measured as functions of cell area, S, and NiO thickness, t. As a result, it was shown that the number of NFIs increased with increasing S and with decreasing t. In addition, it was suggested that NFIs exist at the fringe area of the memory cell. These results suggested that an NFI consists of oxygen vacancies which connect top and bottom electrodes, and that vacancies are introduced during the RIE process of the top electrode and the NiO memory layer. Universal relation between a reset current, Ireset, and a total resistance of all NFIs contained in one memory cell was found, providing us a guiding principle to reduce the value and variation of Ireset. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First application of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography in investigation of α‐cellulose hydrolysates: the influence of climate changes on glucose molecules in pine tree‐rings
Authors: Sensuła Barbara M. , Pazdur Anna , Marais Marie‐France 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present the first results of the quantitative and qualitative gas chromatographic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of monosaccharides derived from acid hydrolysis of α‐cellulose extracted from annual pine tree‐rings. The conifers investigated in this study grew in the Niepolomice Forest in Poland, and the annual rings covered the time span from 1940 to 2000 AD. The main components of the α‐cellulose samples were two saccharides: glucose and mannose. The amount of glucose in the annual rings varied between 17 and 44%. The δ13C of glucose was found to be less negative than that of α‐cellulose and the δ18O values in glucose were less positive than those in α–cellulose. The content of monosaccharides in the α‐cellulose samples has an influence on the isotope fractionation factors. The values of the carbon isotope fractionation factor increase with an increase in the monosaccharides concentration in α‐cellulose, while the values of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor decrease with an increase in monosaccharides concentration in α‐cellulose. The challenge is to establish, with respect to climate changes and environmental conditions, the significance of the interannual variations in the observed monosaccharide concentration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ets2 Regulates Colonic Stem Cells and Sensitivity to Tumorigenesis
Authors: Múnera Jorge , Ceceña Grace , Jedlicka Paul , Wankell Miriam , Oshima Robert G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEts2 has both tumor repressive and supportive functions for different types of cancer. We have investigated the role of Ets2 within intestinal epithelial cells in postnatal mouse colon development and tumorigenesis. Conditional inactivation of Ets2 within intestinal epithelial cells results in over representation of Ets2-deficient colon crypts within young and adult animals. This preferential representation is associated with an increased number of proliferative cells within the stem cell region and an increased rate of crypt fission in young mice that result in larger patches of Ets2-deficient crypts. These effects are consistent with a selective advantage of Ets2-deficient intestinal stem cells in colonizing colonic crypts and driving crypt fission. Ets2-deficient colon crypts have an increased mucosal thickness, an increased number of goblet cells, and an increased density. Mice with Ets2-deficient intestinal cells develop more colon tumors in response to treatment with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. The selective population of colon crypts, the altered differentiation state and increased sensitivity to carcinogen-induced tumors all indicate that Ets2 deficiency alters colon stem cell number or behavior. Ets2-dependent, epithelial cell-autonomous repression of intestinal tumors may contribute to protection from colon cancer of persons with increased dosage of chromosome 21.
Optimal damper placement in steel frames by the Endurance Time method
Authors: Estekanchi Homayoon E. , Basim Mohammad Ch. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPerformance‐based optimal seismic design of structures requires repetitive and massive dynamic analyses. In the Endurance Time (ET) method, structures are subjected to specially designed intensifying acceleration functions and their response at various excitation levels is estimated by each single response‐history analysis, thus, significantly reducing the required computational demand. In this paper, the ET method is utilized to acquire optimal placement of viscous dampers in short steel frames with the target of obtaining the desirable performance in two hazard levels simultaneously. In the optimization procedure, the damping coefficients of the added dampers are treated as design variables and assigned such that the total damping coefficients used in the structure would be minimal. Moreover, the performance of the structures before and after damper placement has been evaluated using ground motions. The sensitivity of the results to the selection of a particular set of ground motions is also investigated. Nonlinear models of steel frames have been investigated and the optimization procedures are conducted with genetic algorithm. Recommendations of ASCE/SEI 41‐06 code are followed in setting the performance design criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal cardiac function in complicated twin pregnancy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Ghi T. , Kuleva M. , Youssef A. , Maroni E. , Nanni M. , Pilu G. , Rizzo N. , Pelusi G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinally a cohort of twin pregnancies and to assess whether the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcome may be related to specific maternal cardiac findings.MethodsWomen with twin pregnancies were enrolled prospectively and underwent serial maternal echocardiography at 20–23 weeks, 26–29 weeks and 30–33 weeks of gestation. Patients were excluded if delivery took place prior to 34 weeks. Cardiac findings were compared between patients with uneventful pregnancy outcome and those who developed one of the following complications: pre‐eclampsia or gestational hypertension; small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) neonates (birth weight of one or both twins < 5th centile for gestational age).ResultsA group of 28 twin gestations was obtained for analysis, including eight complicated cases. At each visit, mean ± SD cardiac output (CO) was significantly higher in uncomplicated than complicated twin pregnancies (6.55 ± 0.82 vs 4.99 ± 0.67 L/min, P < 0.001 at 20–23 weeks; 7.31 ± 0.74 vs 5.66 ± 1.17 L/min, P < 0.001 at 26–29 weeks; 7.50 ± 0.89 vs 5.32 ± 0.74 L/min, P < 0.001 at 30–33 weeks), as was stroke volume (83.4 ± 12.2 vs 64.5 ± 9.2 mL, P = 0.001 at 20–23 weeks; 84.4 ± 15.6 vs 64.5 ± 12.0 mL, P = 0.003 at 26–29 weeks; 85.0 ± 19.2 vs 65.6 ± 10.7 mL, P = 0.013 at 30–33 weeks), whereas total vascular resistance (TVR) was lower (1005 ± 137 vs 1406 ± 159 dynes × s/cm5, P < 0.001 at 20–23 weeks; 924 ± 100 vs 1249 ± 231 dynes × s/cm5, P < 0.001 at 26–29 weeks; 929 ± 96 vs 1400 ± 244 dynes × s/cm5, P < 0.001 at 30–33 weeks). Moreover, CO, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and TVR remained stable throughout the assessed pregnancy interval in women developing a complication, whereas significant changes (rise in CO, HR and BP; fall in TVR) were noted in the uncomplicated group.ConclusionsMaternal cardiac function in twin pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia or SGA neonates apparently does not undergo the profound longitudinal changes that occur in uneventful twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and clinical implications of early inadvertent septostomy after laser therapy for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez R. , Van Mieghem T. , Lewi L. , Eixarch E. , Cobo T. , Martinez J. M. , Deprest J. , Gratacos E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and clinical outcome of inadvertent septostomy after fetoscopic laser therapy for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and, particularly, to explore its association with the risk of developing pseudoamniotic band syndrome (PABS).MethodsIn a cohort of 414 consecutive monochorionic twin pregnancies with confirmed TTTS treated with laser, the incidence of postoperative septostomy within 1 week of the procedure was recorded prospectively. Rates of preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and PABS were compared among cases with and without septostomy.ResultsThe mean gestational age at laser therapy was 20.4 (range, 15.3–27.6) weeks. Postoperative septostomy occurred in 30 (7.2%) cases. Pregnancies complicated with septostomy had a significantly higher proportion of preterm delivery before 32 weeks (76.7% vs. 30.2%, P < 0.001), PPROM before 32 weeks (46.7% vs. 19.0%, P < 0.001), IUFD (43.3% vs. 25.8%, P < 0.05) and PABS (13.3% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.001), compared with pregnancies without septostomy.ConclusionsInadvertent septostomy occurred in 7% of cases after fetoscopic laser therapy and was associated with a substantially increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome and PABS. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.