bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the mode shapes of spatial tall multi‐storey buildings due to earthquakes: the new ‘modal time‐histories’ method
Authors: Makarios Triantafyllos K. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYIn the present article, a new method is presented which attempts to identify the dynamic characteristics (eigen frequencies, eigen periods, mode shapes and modal damping ratios) of spatial asymmetric tall multi‐storey buildings through measured seismic responses (accelerations). This new method is entitled ‘method of modal time‐histories’, because its main target is to identify the modal time‐histories of accelerations that are obtained by accelerograms recorded on the points of buildings where suitable accelerometers have been installed. In the case of an earthquake, the multi‐channel local network of accelerometers records the time‐histories of the accelerations of the building. In addition, in order to have a successful outcome, the instrumentation form of the multi‐channel local network on the building can potentially play the most important role. This paper, first, presents a relevant mathematical analysis that is adapted to the instrumentation form applied to the multi‐storey buildings and, second, outlines the new method, which consists of nine steps. Finally, in order to illustrate the theory, a suitable numerical example of an instrumented asymmetric five‐storey r/c building that has been oscillated by a weak earthquake is also provided. On the one hand, the identification of the dynamic characteristics of spatial asymmetric buildings contributes to the removal of the uncertainties of building models in order to perform advanced non‐linear analyses about inherent building seismic capacity. On the other hand, this method supports the simple monitoring of a building's ‘structural integrity’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust assertions and fail-bounded behavior
Authors: Prata Paula , Rela Mario , Madeira Henrique , Silva João Gabriel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper the behavior of assertion-based error detection mechanisms is characterized under faults injected according to a quite general fault model. Assertions based on the knowledge of the application can be very effective at detecting corruption of critical data caused by hardware faults. The main drawbacks of that approach are identified as being the lack of protection of data outside the section covered by assertions, namely during input and output, and the possible incorrect execution of the assertions.To handle those weak-points the Robust Assertions technique is proposed, whose effectiveness is shown by extensive fault injection experiments. With this technique a system follows a new failure model, that is called Fail-Bounded, where with high probability all results produced are either correct or, if wrong, they are within a certain bound of the correct value, whose exact distance depends on the output assertions used.Any kind of assertions can be considered, from simple likelihood tests to high coverage assertions such as those used in the Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance paradigm. We claim that this failure model is very useful to describe the behavior of many low-cost fault-tolerant systems, that have low hardware and software redundancy, like embedded systems, were cost is a severe restriction, yet full availability is expected.
A generalized model for distributed comparison-based system-level diagnosis
Authors: Albini Luiz Carlos Pessoa , Duarte Elias Procópio , Ziwich Roverli Pereira 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work introduces a new system-level diagnosis model and an algorithm based on this model: Hi-Comp (Hierarchical Comparison-based Adaptive Distributed System-Level Diagnosis algorithm). This algorithm allows the diagnosis of systems that can be represented by a complete graph. Hi-Comp is the first diagnosis algorithm that is, at the same time, hierarchical, distributed and comparison-based. The algorithm is not limited to crash fault diagnosis, because its tests are based on comparisons. To perform a test, a processor sends a task to two processors of the system that, after executing the task, send their outputs back to the tester. The tester compares the two outputs; if the comparison produces a match, the tester considers the tested processors fault-free; on the other hand, if the comparison produces a mismatch, the tester considers that at least one of the two tested processors is faulty, but can not determine which one. Considering a system of N nodes, it is proved that the algorithm’s diagnosability is (N-1) and the latency is log2N testing rounds. Furthermore, a formal proof of the maximum number of tests required per testing round is presented, which can be O(N3). Simulation results are also presented.
On formation mechanisms of deep sedimentary basins: Is there enough evidence for eclogitization?
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Polyansky O.P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis is a critical comment on the model of basin formation by eclogitization of mafic crust suggested by E. Artyushkov. The eclogitization model bears uncertainties in average parameters (thickness, density, pressure) of lithospheric mantle, crust, and sediments, which may bias the estimates of subsidence magnitude. Main pitfalls, however, lie in high-pressure petrology: The lithostatic pressure is insufficient for eclogite to form in the lower crust beneath deep basins. It is shown that linear extrapolation of laboratory data on the gabbro-to-eclogite transition onto the field of relatively low pressures and temperatures in the lithosphere is incorrect. The hypothesized role of hot mantle fluids in the gabbro-eclogite transformation appears doubtful in terms of both petrology and kinetics of metamorphic reactions. Eclogite volumes in none of well known eclogitic sites agree with those required for eclogitization-driven subsidence. Artyushkov’s criticism of the extension basin formation model is not quite just. There are recent models of a two-layer lithosphere that imply a possibility of brittle and ductile deformation at different crust rheologies. The models we refer to predict most of extension to occur in mantle lithosphere rather than in the crust, this extension being able to produce deep continental basins.
Alcoholics Anonymous: The Maoist Movement in Jharkhand, India
Authors: SHAH ALPA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFrom millenarian movements to the spread of Hindu rightwing militancy, attacks on adivasi (or tribal) consumption of alcohol have gone hand-in-hand with the project of ‘civilizing the savage’. Emphasizing the agency and consciousness of adivasi political mobilization, subaltern studies scholarship has historically depicted adivasis as embracing and propelling these reformist measures, marking them as a challenge to the social structure. This paper examines these claims through an analysis of the relationship between alcohol and the spread of the Maoist insurgency in Jharkhand, Eastern India. Similar to other movements of adivasi political mobilization, an anti-drinking campaign is part of the Maoist spread in adivasi areas. This paper makes an argument for focusing on the internal diversity of adivasi political mobilization—in particular intergenerational and gender conflicts—emphasizing the differentiated social meanings of alcohol consumption (and thus of prohibition), as well as the very different attitudes taken by adivasis towards the Maoist campaign. The paper thus questions the binaries of ‘sanskritisation’ versus adivasis assertion that are prevalent in subaltern studies scholarship, proposing an engagement with adivasi internal politics that could reveal how adivasi political mobilization contains the penetrations of dominant sanskritic values, limitations to those penetrations and other aspirations, such as the desire for particular notions of modernity.
Bipolar cell pathways for color vision in non-primate dichromats
Authors: PULLER CHRISTIAN , HAVERKAMP SILKE 
Published: November 2010

AbstractColor vision in mammals is based on the expression of at least two cone opsins that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. Furthermore, retinal pathways conveying color-opponent signals are required for color discrimination. Most of the primates are trichromats, and “color-coded channels” of their retinas are unveiled to a large extent. In contrast, knowledge of cone-selective pathways in nonprimate dichromats is only slowly emerging, although retinas of dichromats like mice or rats are extensively studied as model systems for retinal information processing. Here, we review recent progress of research on color-coded pathways in nonprimate dichromats to identify differences or similarities between di- and trichromatic mammals. In addition, we applied immunohistochemical methods and confocal microscopy to retinas of different species and present data on their neuronal properties, which are expected to contribute to color vision. Basic neuronal features such as the “blue cone bipolar cell” exist in every species investigated so far. Moreover, there is increasing evidence for chromatic OFF channels in dichromats and retinal ganglion cells that relay color-opponent signals to the brain. In conclusion, di- and trichromats share similar retinal pathways for color transmission and processing.
Trends in meat consumption in the USA
Authors: Daniel Carrie R , Cross Amanda J , Koebnick Corinna , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the trends, distribution, potential determinants and public health implications of meat consumption within the USA.DesignWe examined temporal trends in meat consumption using food availability data from the FAO and US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and further evaluated the meat intake by type (red, white, processed) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) linked to the MyPyramid Equivalents Database (MPED).ResultsOverall meat consumption has continued to rise in the USA and the rest of the developed world. Despite a shift towards higher poultry consumption, red meat still represents the largest proportion of meat consumed in the USA (58 %). Twenty-two per cent of the meat consumed in the USA is processed. According to the NHANES 2003–2004, total meat intake averaged 128 g/d. The type and quantities of meat reported varied by education, race, age and gender.ConclusionsGiven the plausible epidemiological evidence for red and processed meat intake in cancer and chronic disease risk, understanding the trends and determinants of meat consumption in the USA, where meat is consumed at more than three times the global average, should be particularly pertinent to researchers and other public health professionals aiming to reduce the global burden of chronic disease.
Translating question propositions between English and Yoruba
Authors: Friday-Ótún J.O. 
Published: November 2010

This paper focuses on the aspect of question translation between English and Yoruba. Translation serves as a mirror through which any language can be relatively replicated into another. Question proposition between English and Yoruba are significant in the body of language knowledge among about 30 million Yoruba users of English in the western part of Nigeria and diaspora.<p>This study explored the types of question propositions between English and Yoruba, and their process in translation free from the former to the latter, and, vice versa, using the literal and idiomatic continuum of translation proposed by Larson (1984). 	The findings of the paper revealed that question translation between both languages has implications on the characteristics of language which affect translation. The similarities and peculiarities of each language as they affect the translation to Wh, Yes/no, Echo, Tag and Alternative questions in both languages were highlighted. Also underscored was the significance of translating question proposition between both languages in pedagogical and other contexts of communication.
Improved performance on high-dimensional survival data by application of Survival-SVM
Authors: Van Belle V. , Pelckmans K. , Van Huffel S. , Suykens J. A. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMotivation: New application areas of survival analysis as for example based on micro-array expression data call for novel tools able to handle high-dimensional data. While classical (semi-) parametric techniques as based on likelihood or partial likelihood functions are omnipresent in clinical studies, they are often inadequate for modelling in case when there are less observations than features in the data. Support vector machines (svms) and extensions are in general found particularly useful for such cases, both conceptually (non-parametric approach), computationally (boiling down to a convex program which can be solved efficiently), theoretically (for its intrinsic relation with learning theory) as well as empirically. This article discusses such an extension of svms which is tuned towards survival data. A particularly useful feature is that this method can incorporate such additional structure as additive models, positivity constraints of the parameters or regression constraints.Results: Besides discussion of the proposed methods, an empirical case study is conducted on both clinical as well as micro-array gene expression data in the context of cancer studies. Results are expressed based on the logrank statistic, concordance index and the hazard ratio. The reported performances indicate that the present method yields better models for high-dimensional data, while it gives results which are comparable to what classical techniques based on a proportional hazard model give for clinical data.Contact: vanya.vanbelle@esat.kuleuven.beSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Two Host Cytoplasmic Effectors Are Required for Pathogenesis of Phytophthora sojae by Suppression of Host Defenses
Authors: Liu Tingli , Ye Wenwu , Ru Yanyan , Yang Xinyu , Gu Biao , Tao Kai , Lu Shan , Dong Suomeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Shan Weixing , Wang Yuanchao , Dou Daolong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Phytophthora sojae encodes hundreds of putative host cytoplasmic effectors with conserved FLAK motifs following signal peptides, termed crinkling- and necrosis-inducing proteins (CRN) or Crinkler. Their functions and mechanisms in pathogenesis are mostly unknown. Here, we identify a group of five P. sojae-specific CRN-like genes with high levels of sequence similarity, of which three are putative pseudogenes. Functional analysis shows that the two functional genes encode proteins with predicted nuclear localization signals that induce contrasting responses when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and soybean (Glycine max). PsCRN63 induces cell death, while PsCRN115 suppresses cell death elicited by the P. sojae necrosis-inducing protein (PsojNIP) or PsCRN63. Expression of CRN fragments with deleted signal peptides and FLAK motifs demonstrates that the carboxyl-terminal portions of PsCRN63 or PsCRN115 are sufficient for their activities. However, the predicted nuclear localization signal is required for PsCRN63 to induce cell death but not for PsCRN115 to suppress cell death. Furthermore, silencing of the PsCRN63 and PsCRN115 genes in P. sojae stable transformants leads to a reduction of virulence on soybean. Intriguingly, the silenced transformants lose the ability to suppress host cell death and callose deposition on inoculated plants. These results suggest a role for CRN effectors in the suppression of host defense responses.
Comparison of phenylephrine hydrochloride and mephentermine sulphate for prevention of post spinal hypotension
Authors: Mohta M. , Janani S. Sai , Sethi A. K. , Agarwal D. , Tyagi A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThis study compared the effects of intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and mephentermine on the prevention of maternal hypotension and neonatal outcome in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Sixty ASA 1‐2 patients with term, uncomplicated singleton pregnancy undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each, to receive a prophylactic intravenous infusion of either phenylephrine or mephentermine. The incidence of hypotension was statistically similar in the two groups. However, in patients receiving phenylephrine, 7 (23%) developed bradycardia and 6 (20%), reactive hypertension. Neonatal outcome, in terms of Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH, was similar in both the groups. To conclude, phenylephrine and mephentermine infusions are equally effective in preventing post spinal hypotension in patients undergoing caesarean section and are associated with a similar neonatal outcome.
Efficacy of mirtazapine in preventing intrathecalmorphine‐induced nausea and vomiting after orthopaedic surgery*
Authors: Chang F.‐L. , Ho S.‐T. , Sheen M. J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryNausea and vomiting are frequent complications of intrathecal morphine. In this randomised, double‐blind trial, we tested the efficacy of mirtazapine, an antidepressant that blocks receptors associated with vomiting, on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after intrathecal morphine. One hundred patients receiving spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery were assigned equally to take either an orally disintegrating form of 30 mg mirtazapine or matching placebo 1 h before surgery. Spinal anaesthesia was performed by injection of 15 mg isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% along with 0.2 mg preservative‐free morphine. Nausea and vomiting were evaluated 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after intrathecal morphine administration. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in patients receiving mirtazapine compared with placebo (26.5% vs 56.3%, respectively; p = 0.005). The mean (SD) onset time of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly delayed in mirtazapine patients: 9.4 (2.5) vs 5.2 (1.8) h, respectively; p < 0.0001. The severity of nausea and vomiting was also decreased after mirtazapine at the 3‐6 h and 6‐12 h periods. Our data indicate that pre‐operative mirtazapine decreases the incidence, delays the onset and reduces the severity of nausea and vomiting induced by intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia.
Genome‐wide SNP association–based localization of a dwarfism gene in Friesian dwarf horses
Authors: Orr N. , Back W. , Gu J. , Leegwater P. , Govindarajan P. , Conroy J. , Ducro B. , Van Arendonk J. A. M. , MacHugh D. E. , Ennis S. , Hill E. W. , Brama P. A. J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe recent completion of the horse genome and commercial availability of an equine SNP genotyping array has facilitated the mapping of disease genes. We report putative localization of the gene responsible for dwarfism, a trait in Friesian horses that is thought to have a recessive mode of inheritance, to a 2‐ MB region of chromosome 14 using just 10 affected animals and 10 controls. We successfully genotyped 34 429 SNPs that were tested for association with dwarfism using chi‐square tests. The most significant SNP in our study, BIEC2‐239376 (P2df = 4.54 × 10−5, Prec = 7.74 × 10−6), is located close to a gene implicated in human dwarfism. Fine‐mapping and resequencing analyses did not aid in further localization of the causative variant, and replication of our findings in independent sample sets will be necessary to confirm these results.
Effects ofCYP2C9*1/*13on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meloxicam
Authors: Bae Jung‐Woo , Choi Chang‐Ik , Jang Choon‐Gon , Lee Seok‐Yong 
Published: November 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Meloxicam is a substrate for the CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzymes.• We have previously reported that the frequency of theCYP2C9*1/*13genotype in the Korean population is 1.1%.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• TheCYP2C9*1/*13genotype is associated with decreased metabolism and increased pharmacodynamic effects of meloxicam.• This is the first report that evaluates thein vivoeffects of theCYP2C9*13allele on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CYP2C9 substrates with a sufficient sample size.AIMSTo determine the effects of theCYP2C9*1/*13genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meloxicam in Korean subjects.METHODSMeloxicam (15 mg) was orally administered to 21 healthy Korean volunteers with either theCYP2C9*1/*1or theCYP2C9*1/*13genotype. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were analysed by HPLC‐UV for 72 h after drug administration. The pharmacodynamic effects of meloxicam were determined by measuring TXB2generated in blood.RESULTSThe AUC(0,∞) andCmaxof meloxicam were 2.43‐ and 1.46‐fold higher in theCYP2C9*1/*13group than in theCYP2C9*1/*1group, respectively. The oral clearance of meloxicam was significantly lower in theCYP2C9*1/*13group (37.9% of wild type) than in theCYP2C9*1/*1group. Thet1/2of meloxicam was 1.84‐fold longer in theCYP2C9*1/*13group than in theCYP2C9*1/*1group. The rate of TXB2production was significantly lower in theCYP2C9*1/*13group than in theCYP2C9*1/*1group.CONCLUSIONSTheCYP2C9*1/*13genotype is associated with decreased metabolism and increased pharmacodynamic effects of meloxicam.
A novel mutation in LPAR6 causes autosomal recessive hypotrichosis of the scalp
Authors: Nahum S. , Morice-Picard F. , Taieb A. , Sprecher E. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Background. Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex (ARHS) presents with progressive hair loss mainly affecting the scalp area. In a small number of families, the condition has been associated with mutations in three distinct genes: DSG4, LIPH and LPAR6.
Aim. To identify the molecular basis of ARHS in a consanguineous family of Turkish extraction.
Methods. We used a combination of microsatellite marker screening and direct sequencing.
Results. We identified a novel missense mutation (c.C587T) in the human LPAR6 gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution p.P196L. The mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid residue, and is predicted to disrupt signalling through the P2Y5 receptor.
Conclusions. This study provides further evidence supporting a role for the lysophosphatidyl signalling pathway in hair growth and differentiation. In addition, this paper reports, for the first time to our knowledge, the use of homozygosity mapping as a premutation screening tool in the diagnosis of a group of inherited hair disorders.
Evaluation of soluble CD163 as a marker of inflammation in psoriasis
Authors: Feighery C. , Dunne J. , Bingham E. A. , Feighery C. F. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
A reliable biomarker of disease activity in psoriasis would be helpful for management, especially if this gave early information on treatment efficacy. This study investigated whether serum levels of soluble (s)CD163 correlated with psoriasis activity as assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). CD163, a glycoprotein molecule expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells, is cleaved from the surface of these cells in some inflammatory diseases, and sCD163 levels have been shown to correlate with disease activity in other disorders. In this study, levels of sCD163 did not correlate with PASI in the patients (P = 0.56). Five patients had moderately increased PASI (12.6–20.3) but their sCD163 levels were within the normal range. From this study, it seems that sCD163 levels do not correlate with the inflammatory process in the skin of patients with psoriasis and thus sCD163 is not likely to be a useful biomarker for this disease.