bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a combination of oral anti‐diabetes drugs with basal insulin therapy on β‐cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mu Pan‐wei , Chen Yan‐ming , Lu Hong‐yun , Wen Xing‐qiao , Zhang Yan‐hua , Xie Ru‐ying , Shu Jiong , Wang Man‐man , Zeng Long‐yi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundOral anti‐diabetes drugs plus basal insulin (OAD + insulin) therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes might improve β‐cell function and result in extended glycaemic remission. This randomised trial compared the effect on β‐cell function and diabetes remission rate between oral drug alone or with addition of basal insulin.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐nine patients, aged 35–50 years, were enrolled between June 2005 and June 2009. For initial correction of hyperglycaemia, patients with fasting plasma glucose ≥9.0 mmol/L and HbA1c ≥ 9.0%, were randomly assigned to therapy with oral drugs + insulin or oral drugs alone. Treatment was stopped after normoglycaemia was maintained for 3 months. Patients were then followed‐up with diet and physical exercise. Blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin were measured prior to treatment and at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsMore patients achieved target glycaemic control in the oral drugs + insulin group [98.3% (58 of 59)] in less time [(10.4 ± 2.5) days] than those in the oral drug group [95.7% (67 of 70) and (12.4 ± 3.4) days]. At 1‐year follow‐up, more patients maintained target glycaemia without any drugs in the oral drug + insulin group than in the oral drug group [37.9% (22 of 58) vs 20.9% (14 of 67)]. Both treatments improved homeostasis model assessment‐β (HOMA‐β) and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) significantly. They had similar effects on insulin resistance [lg(HOMA‐IR): (0.50 ± 0.09) vs (0.48 ± 0.09), p = 0.23]. However, oral drugs + insulin could recover β‐cell function much more than OAD alone could [lg(HOMA‐β): (2.17 ± 0.14) vs (2.11 ± 0.13), p = 0.03].ConclusionIn newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, therapy with oral drugs + insulin has had favourable outcomes on recovery and maintenance of β‐cell function and protracted glycaemic remission compared with treatment with oral drugs alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuation of statins among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lamberts E. J. F. , Nijpels G. , Welschen L. M. C. , Hugtenburg J. G. , Dekker J. M. , Souverein P. C. , Bouvy M. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundStatins play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Several studies have reported low adherence with statins among patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies comparing discontinuation of statins compared with discontinuation of oral anti‐diabetics within the same individuals before and after initiation of oral anti‐diabetic drugs are not available. The aim of this study was to describe discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed statins prior to and after initiation of oral anti‐diabetics and to compare statin discontinuation with discontinuation of oral anti‐diabetics.MethodsWe report an observational cohort study among patients initiating treatment with statins prior to or after initiation of oral anti‐diabetics between 1999 and 2007. Patients were classified as starting statins prior to initiation (Prior users) or after initiation (After users) of anti‐diabetics. Discontinuation was defined as an interval of 180 days or more between the theoretical end date of a statin/anti‐diabetic prescription and the dispensing date of the next statin/anti‐diabetic prescription.Results and ConclusionsWe included 3323 starters with oral anti‐diabetic drugs in our study; 2072 patients initiated statins in the period of observation. Discontinuation rates for statins were higher compared with oral anti‐diabetics (52.1 vs 15.0%). After users discontinued statin therapy more frequently compared to prior users (62.8 vs 48.2%). Discontinuation of statins is higher compared with anti‐diabetic discontinuation. Patients starting statins after the initiation of oral anti‐diabetic treatment are more likely to discontinue treatment than patients who initiate statins before the start of oral anti‐diabetics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular Heterotrimetallic Assembly Based on Octacyanomolybdate, Manganese, and Copper
Authors: Long Jérôme , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Marvaud Valérie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA unique heterotrimetallic supramolecular assembly has been obtained by following a modular synthetic strategy based on the use of octacyanomolybdate(IV), manganese(III), and copper(II) complexes as building blocks. From a structural standpoint, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals the presence of the three different metallic centers that are originally arranged in a one‐dimensional fashion. Considering the interchain interaction, the compound is able to be described as a two‐dimensional network made up of Mo–CN–Cu–NC–Mo squares that bear pendant Mn complexes. Despite the presence of the Mo/Cu photomagnetic pair and large uniaxial anisotropy, no long‐lived metastable state was observed upon light irradiation. Nevertheless, the compound led to novel magnetic materials as well as advances in the study of charge‐transfer complexes.
Homopiperazine and Piperazine Complexes of ZrIV and HfIV and Their Application to the Ring‐Opening Polymerisation of Lactide
Authors: Hancock Stuart L. , Mahon Mary F. , Kociok‐Kőhn Gabriele , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper we describe the preparation and characterisation, by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, of twelve ZrIV/HfIV complexes based on piperazine or homopiperazine salan ligands. With the piperazine ligands, a mixture of species was observed and various solid‐state structures were isolated. However, with homopiperazine salan ligands, 1:1 ligand‐to‐metal complexes were observed both in solution and in the solid state. Interestingly, for the homopiperazine complexes the isopropoxide ligands are trans to one another in the solid state, most likely because of the rigid nature of the homopiperazine backbone. All homopiperazine HfIV and ZrIV complexes were tested for the ring‐opening polymerisation (ROP) of rac‐lactide. The complexes are active and produce polylactide with narrow polydispersity indices. The kinetics and living characteristics of the polymerisation have also been investigated.
Monoanionic N,P,S‐Janus Head Tripods in s‐Block Metal Coordination
Authors: Meinholz Margret M. , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolyimido sulfur phosphanyl complexes of alkaline earth metals can be synthesised by transmetallation of a suitable lithium precursor. By the same route heterobimetallic complexes of lithium, potassium or rubidium are accessible. [(tmeda)Li{Ph2PCH2S(NSiMe3)2}] (I) is an excellent starting material for such reactions because the pendent phosphorus side arm is free to precoordinate with a second metal to bring this metal into close spatial proximity with the ligand's two nitrogen chelating claws. Lithium can then leave the complex as a stable tmeda/ligand adduct. Via this route several alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes such as [M{Ph2PCH2S(NSiMe3)2}2] with M = Ca (1), Sr (2), and [(tmeda)M′{Ph2PCH2S(NSiMe3)2}2Li] with M′ = Rb (3), K (4) were synthesized and structurally characterized. All compounds show interesting structural features both in the solid state and in solution.
Electrochemical conversion of fatty acids
Authors: Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractElectrochemical conversions combine an electron transfer with a chemical reaction, which allows conversions that are not available in non‐electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical conversions usually need fewer steps, produce less waste, provide a cheaper reagent, require less auxiliaries, and allow often an easier scale‐up than non‐electrochemical syntheses. In addition, they can be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure. All these qualities agree well with the rules of green chemistry. Electroactive sites for fatty acids are the carboxyl group, the CC double bond and the activated CH bond. The deprotonated carboxyl group is anodically decarboxylated to afford an alkyl radical. The radical can couple or add to a CC double bond. Radical coupling provides diesters, pheromones, or C‐glycosides. At the anode the double bond can be substituted in allylic position, add two nucleophiles or can be cleaved. Cathodic reduction of fatty acids with an enone group affords dimer fatty acids in a hydrodimerization. Non‐activated CH bonds in fatty acids can be oxygenated at the anode; the conversion occurs preferentially at the remote CH bonds.
Tetrabenzylhafnium as a New Organometallic Reagent for Imine Addition Resulting in α‐Branched Amines
Authors: Mei Haibo , Ji Xiaoyun , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTetrabenzylhafnium has been explored as a new organometallic reagent for the imine addition reaction. This reagent tolerates a wide scope of imines, affording α‐branched amines in excellent yields without the use of any additive or catalyst. This new reagent shows higher efficiency than that observed for classic Grignard and organolithium reagents.
Bis‐Donor–Bis‐Acceptor Tribranched Organic Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Abbotto Alessandro , Leandri Valentina , Manfredi Norberto , De Angelis Filippo , Pastore Mariachiara , Yum Jun‐Ho , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new class of tribranched dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSC) sensitizers carrying two conjugated donors and two acceptor/anchoring groups is introduced. The approach leads to significantly different optical properties and enhanced stability with respect to related di‐ and monobranched dyes and yields power conversion efficiencies of up to 5.05 %, which is possibly limited by the computed nonoptimal dye packing on the semiconductor surface.
Enantioselective fungal biotransformation of risperidone in liquid culture medium by capillary electrophoresis and hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction
Authors: de Jesus Liana I. , Albuquerque Nayara C. P. , Borges Keyller B. , Simões Rodrigo A. , Calixto Leandro A. , Furtado Niege A. J. C. , de Gaitani Cristiane M. , Pupo Mônica T. , de Oliveira Anderson R. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKnowing that microbial transformations of compounds play vital roles in the preparation of new derivatives with biological activities, risperidone and its chiral metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis and hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction after a fungal biotransformation study in liquid culture medium. The analytes were extracted from 1 mL liquid culture medium into 1‐octanol impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber, and into an acid acceptor solution inside the polypropylene hollow fiber. The electrophoretic separations were carried out in 100 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 3.0 containing 2.0% w/v sulfated‐α‐CD and carboxymethyl‐β‐CD 0.5% w/v with a constant voltage of −10 kV. The method was linear over the concentration range of 100–5000 ng/mL for risperidone and 50–5000 ng/mL for each metabolite enantiomer. Within‐day and between‐day assay precisions and accuracies for all the analytes were studied at three concentration levels, and the values of relative standard deviation and relative error were lower than 15%. The developed method was applied in a pilot biotransformation study employing risperidone as the substrate and the filamentous fungus Mucor rouxii. This study showed that the filamentous fungus was able to metabolize risperidone enantioselectively into its chiral active metabolite, (−)‐9‐hydroxyrisperidone.
On the error exponent of MIMO‐ARQ system over the fast fading channels
Authors: Ebrahimzad Hamid , Mohammadi Abbas , Khandani Amir K. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the random coding exponent for fast fading multi‐input multi‐output channel equipped with automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol is derived. This exponent can be used to express the probability of error as a function of the data rate and codeword length. This measure provides an intuition into a fundamental trade‐off between communication reliability, information rate and delay. This paper shows that using multiple antenna and ARQ techniques are promising tools for communication over fast fading channels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A PBI‐Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7‐H3PO4 Composite Membrane for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Wu X. , Mamlouk M. , Scott K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFine particles of a solid proton conductor Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7 were incorporated in PBI‐H3PO4 membranes with 20 wt.%. In SEM figures, the Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7 particles exhibited even and uniform distribution in the PBI‐Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7 membrane. Influences of the immersing time and the concentration of H3PO4 solution for immersion on H3PO4 loading level were investigated. H3PO4 loading level was found an important factor on membrane conductivity. Incorporation of Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7 in the PBI‐H3PO4 membrane resulted in greater membrane conductivities. In the single cell tests, the peak power density of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with the PBI‐Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7‐H3PO4 membrane was also greater than that of a MEA with PBI‐H3PO4 membrane. One MEA using PBI‐Sb0.2Sn0.8P2O7‐H3PO4 membrane achieved a peak power density of 0.67 W cm–2 at 175 °C with H2/O2 and exhibited satisfactory stability.
ESTIMATING WATER DEMAND AT IRRIGATION SCHEME SCALES USING VARIOUS LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE: APPLICATIONS IN NORTHERN TUNISIA
Authors: Hanafi S. , Mailhol J. C. , Poussin J. C. , Zairi A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe precise estimation of water demand at large‐scale irrigation perimeters is a key requirement for water management. Most methods for estimating water demand use biophysical models and cropping patterns but do not account for the wide range of actual farming practices. As a result, these methods only allow estimation of theoretical water demand. The objective of this study was to analyze different methods for evaluating irrigation water demands using several levels of knowledge about irrigation perimeters such as crop water requirements, cropping pattern, irrigation techniques, and water application depths (WAD). Most of this knowledge was related to farming practices, which can vary. Farm typology is an appropriate way to account for the variability in farming practices. These methods were applied in an irrigation scheme in northern Tunisia. The perimeter was subdivided into two sectors: the first sector was designed for surface irrigation and the second for sprinkler irrigation. The first method estimated water demand at the scheme scale based on actual cropping patterns and assuming that farmers used the planned irrigation techniques and satisfied plant water requirements (L1). However, the farmers did not use the planned irrigation techniques. Instead, they combined surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation techniques depending on the crops they were growing.The second method examined current irrigation techniques using the results of farm typology that provided the areas under each crop irrigation system (L2). The two methods provided a theoretical water demand model at the scheme scale. However, water demand also needed to account for actual WADs (L3). Field surveys were performed to evaluate the WAD of each crop irrigation technique. Methods L1 and L2 showed similar estimations of water demand at the scale of the perimeter, and the savings in water obtained by converting to drip irrigation were balanced by a reduction in sprinkler irrigation due to conversion to surface irrigation. In contrast, the L3 method estimated 50% lower water demand than that provided by L1 or L2, since the supply of water was insufficient. The irrigation network was designed 50 years ago and no longer corresponds to the needs of current farmers. Farm typology was also shown to be a method that accounted for farm diversity; water demand estimated based on typology differed by only 5% from that obtained by summing the needs of individual farms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic apheresis before and after kidney transplantation
Authors: George Sajid M. , Balogun Rasheed A. , Sanoff Scott L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKidney transplantation is considered the treatment of choice for most individuals with end‐stage kidney disease, as well as the most cost‐effective renal replacement therapy for the health care system that serves them. Immunologic sensitization, defined by the presence of antibodies directed against foreign HLA (or so called, donor specific antibodies, or DSA), is a significant barrier to kidney transplantation. Further, the presence of DSA is associated with an increase in the incidence of antibody‐mediated rejection and decreased graft survival following transplantation. Therapeutic plasma exchange, an extracorporeal therapy directed at removing plasma proteins, including DSA, has proven to be an important part of a comprehensive strategy to minimize the effect of sensitization before, and following kidney transplantation. As such, it offers the promise of increasing access to transplantation, as well as improving outcomes following transplantation. In this concise narrative review, we describe more specifically the benefits of kidney transplantation, the epidemiology of kidney transplantation in the United States, the clinical significance of anti‐HLA antibodies, and the evidence supporting a role for therapeutic plasma exchange before and after kidney transplantation. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracorporeal photopheresis: How, when, and why
Authors: Ward David M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a well‐tolerated procedure that suppresses T‐lymphocyte activity in a clonally‐specific way. It is an effective therapy that has established indications in the management of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, graft‐versus‐host disease and some scenarios of solid‐organ transplant rejection. It is being used increasingly around the world. Its applications are evolving, including exploration of its potential for treating autoimmune diseases where cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated mechanisms appear to be involved, such as Crohn's disease. This article reviews scientific insights into its mechanism of action on the immune system, details of the clinical procedure, its clinical applications in various diseases, and the current evidence for its efficacy and place in medical therapeutics. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic apheresis: A review of complications and recommendations for Prevention and management
Authors: Mokrzycki Michele H. , Balogun Rasheed A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis procedures are a form of extracorporeal therapy that use different techniques to separate blood into the different components out of which the part containing the etiological agent in a disease process is discarded and the rest of the components of blood are re‐infused into the patient, frequently with the addition of a replacement fluid or volume. These complex procedures have inherent risks of adverse events and factors that may impact on the incidence these events include the underlying disease state, anticoagulation techniques, replacement fluid type including the volume, issues related to the vascular access used, and the therapeutic apheresis procedure type and technique. We present a representative case based review of common complications of therapeutic apheresis and suggestions about how to prevent or manage these as presented at the 2010 Therapeutic Apheresis Academy. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The potential role of plasma exchange as a treatment for bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation: A report of two cases
Authors: Jaben Elizabeth A. , Pulido Jose S. , Pittock Sean , Markovic Svetomir , Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with gynecologic malignancies in women and pancreatic or lung carcinomas in men. The clinical presentation consists of the rapid onset of decreased visual acuity due to bilateral serous retinal detachment and cataracts. Pathologically, there is diffuse uveal thickening and proliferation of uveal melanocytes. The onset of blindness is often rapid, with some patients presenting with blindness. We describe the cases of two women with gynecologic malignancies who were treated with plasma exchange (PE) for BDUMP. After a course of five to seven procedures, their ocular disease stabilized. One patient has maintained her vision more than 1 year following the completion of the course of PE. The other patient, who also received treatment with corticosteroids, in addition to the PE, reported stable vision on telephone follow‐up 9 months after presentation. These cases suggest that PE may be a treatment option in this rare paraneoplastic syndrome which has otherwise been reported to invariably result in vision loss. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of capillary electrophoretic techniques for analysis and characterization of metallothioneins
Authors: Zalewska Marta , Bizoń Anna , Milnerowicz Halina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo explore and understand the significance of individual metallothionein isoforms, the methods of their identification are needed. Separation of these isoforms requires a high resolution technique which can exploit very small differences in mass, charge, and hydrophobicity. In this report, three different techniques of CE were analyzed and used for metallothionein separation: detection using capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, and capillary isoelectric focusing. Also, three different metallothionein samples were used from horse kidney, rabbit liver, and human liver. We identified metallothionein isoforms based on the determination of their relative molecular masses, on the charge differences in different pH buffers, and based on the pI value. Methods used in this report allow metallothionein identification, permit to quantify the purity and content of its isoforms, and allow studying its polymerization. This report supports and endorses the increased application of CE methodology in proteomics.
Thyroid tubercle of zuckerkandl: Importance in thyroid surgery
Authors: Sheahan Patrick , Murphy Matthew S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:The Tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ), which is the remant of the lateral thyroid process, is an important anatomic structure that serves as a reliable landmark for the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Furthermore, removal of the TZ is critical for the adequate performance of a total thyroidectomy. However, there is little mention of the TZ in surgical textbooks or papers.Methods:Prospective observational study of 138 consecutive thyroid surgeries. The presence of the TZ, its size, and relationship to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, were recorded.Results:A total of 211 thyroid lobes were included in the study. The TZ was identified in 61.1% of all thyroid lobes. The median size was 8 mm (range = 3–40 mm). A TZ was more commonly identified on the right (69.6%) than on the left side (53.2%) (P = .02). The recurrent laryngeal nerve was found deep to the TZ in 98.4% of cases.Conclusions:A TZ is present in the majority of thyroid lobes. Awareness of the TZ is critical in performing an adequate total thyroidectomy, and is very useful as a landmark for the recurrent laryngeal nerve.