bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Laryngeal Tie‐Forward Procedure Using Metallic Implants for Treatment of Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate in Horses
Authors: Rossignol Fabrice , Ouachée Emilie , Boening Karl Josef 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo describe a modified laryngeal tie‐forward procedure (LTFP) using metallic implants.Study DesignRetrospective case series.PopulationTwenty‐seven horses (including 24 race horses) with dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) or palatal instability (PI) diagnosed using high‐speed treadmill endoscopy (n = 15), history and resting examination (n = 8), or dynamic endoscopy over ground (n = 4).MethodsAll horses underwent the modified LTFP. Modifications of the surgical procedure consisted in the use of 3 metallic stents called Suture ButtonTM through which the sutures are threaded and in a tying technique that involved a single knot connecting left and right suture loops (versus tying each separately). Lateral radiographs were taken 24 hours after surgery. Follow‐up was obtained by telephone communication with trainers or owners.ResultsSurgery was performed without complications on all horses. The 3 metallic buttons were clearly visible on the postoperative radiographic examination. No evidence of suture breakage was observed 24 hours postoperatively based on radiographs.ConclusionIn other aspects, this technique is not very different from that originally described by Ducharme et al; it is an innovation that could offer some advantages to the surgeons and increase suture resistance to pullout from the thyroid cartilage. Our technique was used without complication in a small group of horses and return to performance may be similar to the original technique.
Responses of three species of mosquito larvae to the presence of predatory dragonfly and damselfly larvae
Authors: Roberts Derek 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough predators have been extensively used in the biological control of mosquito larvae, their efficacy will be reduced if the larvae are able to detect and respond to their presence. This ability to detect and respond to the unseen presence of dragonfly or damselfly larvae was investigated for the larvae of three mosquito species (all Diptera: Culicidae) to see whether they either altered their rate of development or their feeding behaviour. The development of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Culiseta longiareolata Macquart larvae was not affected by exudates from either predator, but Culex sinaiticus Kirkpatrick developed significantly slower when reared in the presence of a caged dragonfly larva and produced adults that were significantly smaller, indicating that they probably reduced feeding activity to make themselves less detectable to the predator. This only occurred when the dragonflies were fed in situ (in the presence of the mosquito larva) and not when removed for feeding, so that although this removed predator kairomones, other cues such as vibrations caused by movement of the predator may also be involved. In addition, the mosquito larvae responded to dragonfly larvae, but not to damselfly larvae. The depth of the water in which the mosquito larvae were reared had no effect on their response to the dragonfly. All three mosquito species significantly increased surface filter‐feeding, when a predator was present in the water (compared with controls where no predator was present), at the expense of bottom scraping. In Cx. sinaiticus (but not the other two species), surface filter‐feeding was greater when a dragonfly was present, compared with a damselfly. In the experimental conditions of one predator per 250 ml water, all three mosquito species were thus able to detect dragonfly and damselfly larvae (and distinguish between the two), but their response varied among species.
Reproductive output of a female crab spider: the impacts of mating failure, natural enemies, and resource availability
Authors: Morse Douglass H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFemale reproductive failure incorporates several variables, of which failure to mate is often an overlooked aspect. Adult female crab spiders, Misumena vatia (Clerck) (Araneae: Thomisidae), seldom fail to mate (maximum of 4.3%), even though meeting males infrequently because of low population densities, female‐skewed adult sex ratios, and failure to provide males with cues for locating them. Females mate with the first male they encounter, but in contrast to the ‘trade‐up’ strategy of many species in this situation, they usually appear to mate only once. During their short season most females that produce a clutch of eggs do not capture enough prey to reach maximum possible size and fecundity, resulting in a nearly 30% loss of potential production. Another ca. 20% fails to accumulate enough mass to lay a clutch. Nest predation and parasitism, primarily by an ichneumonid wasp and a phorid fly, destroy ca. 25% of the clutches. Thus, failure to mate exacts a much lower cost on adult female M. vatia than do several other factors. Mortality of juveniles greatly exceeds that of the adults, with losses of ca. 90% in the first winter and 35% of those surviving to their second winter.
Influence of adhesive point dimension and splint type on splint rigidity – Evaluation by the dynamic Periotest method
Authors: Franz Florian , Potapov Sergej , Petschelt Anselm , Berthold Christine 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of adhesive point dimension and splint type on the rigidity of wire‐composite splints in vitro.Materials and MethodsA custom‐made artificial model was used. The two central incisors served as injured teeth (degrees of loosening III and II) and the two lateral incisors as non‐injured teeth (physiological mobility). Horizontal and vertical tooth mobilities were investigated before and after splinting with the Periotest® method; the percent change was taken as the relative splint effect. Teeth were splinted with three types of wire‐composite splints: Dentaflex (0.45 mm), Strengtheners (0.8 × 1.8 mm), and Dentaflex completely covered with composite. Four adhesive point dimensions (2, 3, 4, and 5 mm) were evaluated. Normal distribution was tested with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Differences were evaluated with the anova and post hoc tests for pair‐wise comparisons. Significance level was set at 0.05.ResultsThe adhesive point dimension did not influence splint rigidity, in general (
P
= 0.288). Significant effects were found in non‐injured teeth with the Dentaflex (
P
< 0.001) and in injured teeth with the Strengtheners (
P
< 0.001). The Strengtheners splint rigidity increased significantly with increasing adhesive point dimensions. The three splints showed significantly different effects at 5‐mm adhesive point dimension (
P
< 0.001).ConclusionSplint rigidity for injured teeth was influenced by adhesive point dimension only when splinting with Strengtheners. We recommend adapting splint rigidity by selecting different wires and reducing the adhesive point dimension to a minimum. Dentaflex can be used for flexible splinting, Strengtheners, and composite covered Dentaflex for rigid splinting.
The widely invasive tree Pinus radiata facilitates regeneration of native woody species in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Becerra Pablo I. , Montenegro Gloria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionWhat is the effect of invading individuals of the widely invasive species Pinus radiata D. Don on regeneration of native woody species in a semi‐arid ecosystem?LocationA semi‐arid ecosystem in central Chile.MethodsWe sampled natural regeneration of native woody species in 40 plots in each of three canopy types: (1) under young adult invading trees of P. radiata located in formerly open (disturbed) sites; (2) in patches of native trees; and (3) in open (disturbed) sites, in two localities where this exotic tree is invading. Additionally, we carried out a field experiment in one of these localities; in eight of each of these canopy types we sowed seeds of ten widely distributed woody native species and monitored their recruitment. We also assessed different biotic and abiotic variables in these canopy types.ResultsWe found that soil water content, depth and cover of leaf litter were higher and photosythetically active radiation was lower under P. radiata trees and native patches than in open sites. In the natural regeneration study, species richness of seedlings was higher in native patches and under P. radiata trees than in open sites, and total abundance of seedlings (including all species) was higher only in native patches than in open sites. In the field experiment, both species richness and total abundance of seedlings were higher in native patches and under P. radiata trees than in open sites. Moreover, in the field experiment species richness recruiting in native patches was higher than under P. radiata trees.ConclusionsWe suggest that native patches as well as P. radiata trees invading open sites facilitate or have the potential to facilitate regeneration of native species, although facilitation produced by native trees was stronger than that produced by P. radiata. Thus, in sites where nurse plants are not available, invasion by this exotic tree may be exploited in restoration processes through sowing or planting native species under the canopy of invading young trees of P. radiata, eliminating P. radiata individuals after native regeneration has established.
Outside the Church There Is No Death
Authors: Candler Peter M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAccording to classical Christian doctrine, the human body is not a container for the soul but its “form”. In defending a form of this view, I suggest that the resurrected body of Christ represents the truth of human flesh. In the light of the resurrected and glorified body of Christ, who still bears his wounds, death can be understood as the loss of something irreplaceable and therefore mourned as a horrific deprivation of life; that is, because eternal life consists in the vision of God by our whole selves, and not just a separated soul, a proper Christian anthropology that began in some sense with the glorified body of Christ as the “truth of the physical” might suggest a very different biomedical practice than that with which we are familiar, which often proceeds from a methodological materialism underwritten by a dualistic metaphysics.
Natural Final Causality and Providence in Aquinas
Authors: Barnes Corey L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThomas Aquinas articulated an understanding of nature that sought to maintain together the integrity of created causality and God's providential ordering of the cosmos. Developing and combining Aristotelian and Neoplatonic approaches to nature and to final causality, Thomas formulated a horizontal or linear final causality wrapped within a larger vertical or circular final causality. This formulation balanced two seemingly opposed principles. First, that natures operate through intrinsic principles toward determinate ends. Second, that non-cognitive agents must be directed toward an end extrinsically. Aquinas balanced these two principles by situating the first within the second such that God creates and directs natures toward determinate ends through divinely bestowed principles intrinsic to those natures. In this way, Aquinas's understanding of providence underlies his approach to nature.
Gilson's Christian Philosophy: A Change in “Tone”
Authors: Fafara Richard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough Étienne Gilson did not change his position on Christian philosophy as defined in his 1931 Gifford Lectures, interesting modifications occur in his later formulations. Whereas Gilson's earlier formulations emphasized philosophy searching within the faith for what can become rational, his later formulations during the 1960s placed more emphasis on its Christian aspect, i.e., faith guiding reason. In the 1960s, Gilson emphasized faith and the Church as the guardians of Christian philosophy, expressed a relative indifference to the validity of rational proofs for the existence of God, and empathized with those accepting questionable philosophical approaches to understand the faith. Post-modernism with its rejection of a “pure” or “scientific” methodology in philosophy serves as an appropriate context in which to situate Gilson's later formulation of Christian philosophy.
Literacy, media and multimodality: a critical response
Authors: Bazalgette Cary , Buckingham David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn recent years, literacy educators have increasingly recognised the importance of addressing a broader range of texts in the classroom. This article raises some critical concerns about a particular approach to this issue that has been widely promoted in recent years – the concept of ‘multimodality’. Multimodality theory offers a broadly semiotic approach to analysing a range of communicative forms. It has been widely taken up by literacy educators, initially at an academic level, and has begun to find its way into policy documents, teacher education and professional development and classroom practice. This article presents some criticisms, both of the theory itself and of the ways in which it has been taken up within the wider context of curriculum change. It argues that, in its popular usage, multimodality theory is being appropriated in a way that merely reinforces a long‐standing distinction between print and ‘non‐print’ texts. This contributes in particular to a continuing neglect of the specificity of moving image media – media that are central to the learning and everyday life experiences of young children. Drawing on recent classroom‐based research, the article concludes by offering some brief indications of an alternative approach to these issues.
Kinetic modelling of central carbon metabolism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Peskov Kirill , Mogilevskaya Ekaterina , Demin Oleg 
Published: July 2012

In the present study, we developed a detailed kinetic model of Escherichia coli central carbon metabolism. The main model assumptions were based on the results of metabolic and regulatory reconstruction of the system and thorough model verification with experimental data. The development and verification of the model included several stages, which allowed us to take into account both in vitro and in vivo experimental data and avoid the ambiguity that frequently occurs in detailed models of biochemical pathways. The choice of the level of detail for the mathematical description of enzymatic reaction rates and the evaluation of parameter values were based on available published data. Validation of the complete model of the metabolic pathway describing specific physiological states was based on fluxomics and metabolomics data. In particular, we developed a model that describes aerobic growth of E. coli in continuous culture with a limiting concentration of glucose. Such modification of the model was used to integrate experimental metabolomics data obtained in steady‐state conditions for wild‐type E. coli and genetically modified strains, e.g. knockout of the pyruvate kinase gene (pykA). Following analysis of the model behaviour, and comparison of the coincidence between predicted and experimental data, it was possible to investigate the functional and regulatory properties of E. coli central carbon metabolism. For example, a novel metabolic regulatory mechanism for 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate was hypothesized, and the flux ratios between the reactions catalysed by enzyme isoforms were predicted.Database The mathematical model described here has been submitted to the JWS Online Cellular Systems Modelling Database and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/database/peskov/index.html
Stabilization of Water Droplets in Oil with PGPR for Use in Oral and Dermal Applications
Authors: Wolf Frederik , Koehler Karsten , Schuchmann Heike P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTo stabilize microstructured fluids, like emulsions, strong surfactants are needed. For oral or dermal applications, these surfactants need to comply with strict legal requirements. Polyglycerin‐polyricinoleat (PGPR) is described as one of the most potent oil‐soluble surfactant in stabilizing water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. Ways were determined to process W/O emulsions with PGPR meeting legal restrictions. The impact of process and recipe parameters on the formation of W/O emulsions was investigated.It was found that it is possible to stabilize W/O emulsions with very small amounts of PGPR (0.3% in the finished product). Emulsions stabilized with PGPR alone allowed for droplet sizes below 10 µm, but with mostly multimodal droplet size distributions. PGPR showed a strongly increased performance when combined with NaCl in the aqueous phase. This combination allowed for a stabilization of defined, mono‐modal droplet sizes well below 1 µm. Thus, PGPR is under certain conditions an interesting surfactant for stabilization of W/O emulsions, meeting the legal restrictions for the use in oral and dermal applications.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMicrostructured fluids, like emulsions, play an important role within food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. They allow for e.g., encapsulation of active agents. To stabilize emulsions for oral and dermal applications, the stabilizing surfactants need to meet legal restrictions. For W/O‐type emulsion, the available surfactants (e.g., PGPR) need to be concentrated too high to work or are very sensitive to environmental impacts (e.g., phospholipids). Thus, results of the study have a potential application in the formulation of W/O emulsions for foods, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals to meet legal requirements.
Early Pharmacotherapy with Fluoxetine Rescues Dendritic Pathology in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Guidi Sandra , Stagni Fiorenza , Bianchi Patrizia , Ciani Elisabetta , Ragazzi Elena , Trazzi Stefania , Grossi Gabriele , Mangano Chiara , Calzà Laura , Bartesaghi Renata 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDown syndrome DS is a genetic pathology characterized by brain hypotrophy and severe cognitive impairment. Although defective neurogenesis is an important determinant of mental disability, a severe dendritic pathology appears to be an equally important factor. A previous study showed that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fully restores neurogenesis in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. The goal of the current study was to establish whether fluoxetine also restores dendritic development. In mice aged 45 days, treated with fluoxetine in the postnatal period P3–P15, we examined the dendritic arbor of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG). The granule cells of trisomic mice had a severely hypotrophic dendritic arbor, fewer spines and a reduced innervation than euploid mice. Treatment with fluoxetine fully restored all these defects. In Ts65Dn mice, we found reduced levels of serotonin that were restored by treatment. Results show that a pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine is able to rescue not only the number of granule neurons but also their “quality” in terms of correct maturation and connectivity. These findings strongly suggest that fluoxetine may be a drug of choice for the improvement of the major defects in the DS brain and, possibly, of mental retardation.
Effectiveness of aripiprazole in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: comparison of first‐episode to recurrent psychosis
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shu , Yeh Chin‐Bin , Tang Ching‐Shu , Chen Chih‐Ken , Chou Wen‐Jiun , Chou Miao‐Chun , Wu Yu‐Yu , Liang Hsin‐Yi , Wang Liang‐Jen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsThe study aims to determine the clinical outcomes of aripiprazole treatment in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.MethodsThis was a 24‐week, observational, prospective study. Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were prescribed a daily dose of 5 mg to 30 mg of aripiprazole. Effectiveness was assessed by the change from baseline in psychotic symptoms and quality of life.ResultsForty‐two patients with a mean age of 18.1 ± 3.7 years were recruited. Eighteen were experiencing the first episode of psychosis (FEP), whereas the remaining 24 were non‐FEP. Psychotic symptoms, but not quality of life, improved globally from baseline scores by the endpoint of the study (effect size = 0.44). Compared with non‐FEP patients, FEP patients had greater improvements (effect size = 0.45) in some clinical outcome dimensions during the 24‐week aripiprazole treatment.ConclusionWe observed significant improvements of medium effect sizes in psychotic symptoms of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders within a naturalistic clinical setting, especially for FEP patients.
Reading Sociology into Scholarship on School‐Based Sex Education: Structure and Culture
Authors: Smith Sarah H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSchool‐based sex education (SBSE) represents an attempt on the part of institutions to interrupt and correct the sexual socialization of young people. In this examination of scholarship on SBSE, I provide an overview of the field of academic approaches to SBSE and argue for the application of a variety of sociological frameworks to future studies. Much of the extant sociological literature on SBSE tends to focus on the implications that political rhetoric has for policy and funding, curricula, and stakeholder perspectives. In this paper, I will discuss this literature vis‐a‐vis the structural level (e.g. policy, law, funding). Further, because both structure and interaction are embedded in cultural contexts, I will discuss the role of culture as treated in the literature. I will then discuss the scholarly criticisms of SBSE contained in the literature as opportunities for sociological article of SBSE.
Rethinking Public Opinion in Penal Policymaking: Recommendations for Research
Authors: Brown Elizabeth K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPublic opinion is often described as a powerful force in penal policymaking in the USA. Unfortunately, research on public opinion in penal policymaking has been limited by inattention to a number of important variables: definitions of public opinion, individual and interpersonal constructions of public opinion by political leaders themselves, state differences in historical contexts and political cultures regarding public engagement and political influence, and diversity in the roles of public opinion at different levels of government. This paper considers current dilemmas in this area of inquiry and reviews recent research in order to highlight potentially fruitful new directions for research.