bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MACULO‐PATHIES IN ADULTS A SURVEY
Authors: ROSENBERG THOMAS , FAURSCHOU SVEND , NIELSEN NORMAN 
Published: May 2009

The development of fluorescein angiography and the introduction of laser technology into the treatment of macular diseases has considerably widened our knowledge of the pathological processes in the macular region. A number of clinicopathological reports have confirmed the angio‐graphic findings and interpretations.The aetiological factors that lay behind the clinical lesions are, however, still unknown.The clinical pictures have, as a result of the above, more relation to the histological than to the aetiological classifications.Clinical classification includes an analysis and categorization of the individual diseases. This process takes place daily in the surgery of every ophthalmologist by means of the ophthalmoscope.The ophthalmoscopical examination is enhanced by knowledge of the angiographic picture of the lesion. This means that in the great majority of cases it is possible using the ophthalmoscope alone, to evaluate the type and anatomical localization of the pathological lesions. Fluorescein angiography is the most important single supplementary examination, both with regard to the diagnosis, indication for treatment and the follow‐up.The present work describes 9 clinically and histopathologically well‐defined lesions, which isolated or in combination are seen in the majority of adult macular diseases.
INFRARED RADIATION AND CATARACT I EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF IRON‐ AND STEEL‐WORKERS
Authors: Lydahl Eva , Philipson Bo 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of the presented study was to establish if occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation increases the risk of developing cataract, and to correlate the lens findings to the degree of exposure. The eyes of 208 IR‐exposed workers and 208 controls, all from six Swedish iron and steel manufacturing plants, were examined. An increased prevalence of wedge‐shaped opacities was found in IR‐exposed persons 60 years of age and older. This type of lens opacity is normally considered to be a purely senile change. Acceleration of senile changes by IR‐radiation is suggested. Stratification of the material with regard to exposure was made on different grounds but failed to show a dose‐effect‐correlation.
INFRARED RADIATION AND CATARACT II ‐ EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF GLASS WORKERS
Authors: Lydahl Eva , Philipson Bo 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTAn epidemiologic investigation on the prevalence of cataract in glass workers is presented. The study includes 209 workers over 50 years of age exposed to infrared (IR) radiation in the Swedish manual glass industry for 20 years or more, and 298 non IR exposed controls. The examination includes an evaluation of the individual IR‐exposure and an ophthalmological examination with special reference to the lens. In IR exposed workers 70 years of age and older there is a statistically significant increase of aphakia and of all types of cataract, subcapsular, cuneiform and nuclear, compared to the controls of the same age group. In the same age group the risk for an IR‐exposed worker to have his vision reduced by cataract to 0.7 or less is 2.5 times as high as for non exposed controls (95% confidence interval 1.4‐4.4). The risk that he will have to be operated for cataract is 12 times as high (95% confidence interval 2.6–53). It is concluded, that the occupational IR‐exposure of the glass workers accelerates the development of senile changes in the lens. All workers with a high exposure to IR radiation should be equipped with adequate eye protection.
INFRARED RADIATION AND CATARACT III DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO EYES OF GLASS WORKERS
Authors: Lydahl Eva , Glansholm Anders 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn an epidemiologic investigation of the eyes of 209 glass workers with occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation and 298 non IR‐exposed controls, the two eyes were compared regarding the degree of lens opacities. The left eye was found to be the most affected in a significantly larger number of persons than the right in IR‐exposed workers. The exposure to the two eyes was measured with a system of two pyroelectric radiometers mounted in a face mask. The left eye was found to be exposed up to 2.3 times as much as the right in some working moments and never less. These results show a dose‐effect correlation between IR‐exposure and cataract.
HEREDITY, A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLASS BLOWERS‘ CATARACT
Authors: Lydahl Eva 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHeredity for cataract was penetrated in an epidemiologic investigation on cataract in glass workers with a high occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation. Heredity was found to increase the risk for IR‐exposed workers, 70 years of age and older, of developing an advanced cataract by 2–3 times. Synergism between heredity and the cataractogenic factor, occupational IR‐exposure, is suggested.
Myopia in insulin treated diabetes
Authors: Sjølie A. K. , Goldschmidt E. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Myopia occurs with excess frequency in diabetes mellitus (Fledelius 1983, 1985).Refractive values in early onset insulin treated diabetic patients have been studied. The characteristics of the material are presented in more detail elsewhere (Sjølie 1985).The original ophthalmological material consisted of the prevalence population of insulin treated diabetics with onset before 30 years of age as of 1.7. 1973 from the Fyn County. Our investigation originates from 1981/1982, and comprised a follow‐up examination of 577 patients of the original material, who were still alive.Determination of the refraction was carried out subjectively without the use of a cycloplegic. If the patients had a visual acuity of 6/6 with spectacles, the strength of the glasses was employed as an expression of the refractive value.Fortyfive percent of the patients were myopic, ‐0.5D or more. The frequency of hypermetropia was low, particularly with regard to the lower degrees; this is due to the fact that no systematic study of hypermetropia was carried out.The frequency of myopia was highest in the age groups from 20–29 years, but comparatively high in all age groups.A considerable variation in the frequency of myopia in the Danish population in relation to education and profession is well‐known; and therefore we have studied more thoroughly the question of whether myopic diabetics differ in this respect from the non‐myopics. Those with myopia had, on the whole, a somewhat longer education than the non‐myopics, and the difference was significant for both men and women. On the other hand, if we consider the distribution in respect of profession and compare the 262 myopics with a 10% random sample of the population of Fyn, there is no pronounced difference.We have been unable to determine at what age the diabetic patients developed myopia in this investigation, but we have found, as did Fledelius, that the majority of myopics have rather low degrees of myopia. The number with more severe myopia does not seem to differ to any great extent from that of the background population. It thus appears that diabetics develop low‐degree myopia more frequently than non‐diabetics, and we will attempt to determine, in a new investigation, the factors likely to cause this type of myopia.
Number of glaucoma patients in Finland in the year 2010
Authors: Raivio Ilkka 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Use of the various eye care resources for glaucoma patients has been studied in relation to the various age groups. The total population of Finland increases 4% between 1983–2010. The change is very different in the different age groups: a decrease in the age groups up to 44, 60% increase in the age groups over 75. The prevalence of glaucoma increases with the advancing age.7719 persons used hospital beds for glaucoma in Finland 1983. If the same percentage of patients uses hospital facilities for glaucoma in 2010 in each of the age groups the total number of hospital patients treated for glaucoma will be 10 892 in 2010. The increase is 40%.The number of patients registered for free glaucoma medication 1983 by the National Health Insurance was 28913. Estimated by the prevalence in the different age groups this figure would be 41 350 in the year 2010, also roughly 40%.It is empasized, that although the total population only increases 4%, the need for glaucoma care facilities has to be incresased by 40% due to the ageing of the population.
Epikeratophakia in children
Authors: Uusitalo Risto J. , Lehtosalo Juha 
Published: May 2009

Abstract  In the past two years 29 patients (ages 9 months to 15 years) received 37 epikeratophakia grafts. 91.1 percent of the original surgeries were successful. The average change in refractive error was 16.7 diopters, and the average spectacle overcorrection was + 0.2 diopters. We have obtained good visual results in our very young patients were follow‐up is already over 1 year. We demonstrated also some improvement in visual acuity in older children especially those with traumatic or secondary cataracts.The study demonstrates that we can add an average of + 17.1 diopters with an epikeratophakia graft and that the amount of correction obtained is remarkable predicted.
Lens Autofluorescence in Diabetes Compared with the level of Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Kjer Birgit , Larsen Michael , Bendtson Inger , Binder Christian , Dalgaard Peter , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: May 2009

Abstract  The autofluorescence of the crystalline lens has been measured by an ocular fluorophotometer in two comparable groups of patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. One group has had a high level of HbA1c since the onset of diabetes (mean 10.1 per cent) and the other group a very low level (mean 6.5 per cent).The group with low HbA1c during the disease period showed a significantly lower lens fluorescence than the group with high HbA1c.
Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Karma Anni , Gummerus Seppo , Kujansuu Eila , Pitkäjärvi Timo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract  The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and to clarify its association with the duration of diabetes and several other factors in an outpatient diabetic population. The material consisted of 328 diabetics, mainly (77%) C‐peptide negative, type 1 diabetics. The mean age of the patients was 45 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years. Retinal changes were assessed by ophthalmoscopy and widefield fundus photography.All retinopathy was confirmed in 59% and proliferative retinopathy (PR) in 20% of the patients. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 15% in patients with diabetes for less than five years but 100% in those with diabetes for 30 or more years. In type 1 diabetics PR was seen only after 10 or more years' duration but, after 20 years' duration it was seen in half of the patients with type 1 and in one‐third of the patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients with diabetic nephropathy often had PR. In type 1 diabetics with onset of the disease <30 years peripheral sensory neuropathy, coronary disease, hypertension and leg‐vessel disease were also often associated with PR. Because one reason for visual handicapping in diabetes is the delay of the diagnosing of vision‐threatening lesions screening for treatable retinopathy should be intensive after 10 years' duration and in poorly‐controlled diabetics even earlier.
GLAUCOMA CAPSULARE IN PATIENTS WITH OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA IN HUNGARY
Authors: Sziklai Paul , Süveges Ildikó 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The data of 403 inpatients with open‐angle glaucoma were selected between 1977–1986, 155 had glaucoma capsulare (GC) and 248 suffered from primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). The incidence rate of GC was 38.4 % in the total material. In the GC group, the peak of age distribution was between the ages 70–79 (45.8 %).The male/female ratio of the total GC material was 1.67, that in POAG was 0.85. The difference between the two glaucoma groups was significant.
Low blood pressure—a risk factor for nerve fibre loss in institionalized geriatric glaucoma patients
Authors: Peräsalo Ritva , Raitta Christina 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Twohundred and thirteen institutionalized geriatric glaucoma patients aged 64–99 years (mean 83,1 ± 6,9 years), at the Koskela Municipal Hospital were examined ophthalmologically and analyzed for blood pressure (BP). The mean systolic BP, measured in 208 patients, was 146 ± 25 mmHg and diastolic 82± 13 mmHg. Thirty‐eight of 208 patients (18%) had low BP (≤120 mmHg) and 38 had high BP (> 160 mmHg). The intraocular pressure (IOP) correlated significantly with the systolic BP, the correlation being highly significant in patients with BP >160 mmHg.Fifty‐five of the 208 patients were considered blind: visual acuity (VA) in the better eye <0,05.Patients with BP >160 mmHg had better VA (0,25 ± 0,23) and visual fields (VF) than the patients with BP ≤120 mmHg (0,13 ≤ 0,21).Low systolic BP (≤120 mmHg) is associated with visual impairment, since twice as many blind patients occurred among those with low BP than among the rest, and 71% of those with low BP had glaucoma in both eyes, compared with 56% of the patients with higher BP.When all the patients in whom VF could be plotted are considered, it can be concluded that low systolic BP was more frequent with VF progressing from grade 1 to grade 4.Low systolic BP is a risk factor for old aged glaucoma patients.
Correlations between visual acuity, grating acuity and contrast sensitivity in amblyopia
Authors: Koskela Pentti U. , Alanko Hannu I. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract In order to obtain a large set of data to analyse correlations between different measures of vision in amblyopia, we pooled the information on all 114 amblyopic patients contained in our earlier series (49 strabismic, 28 anisometropic and 37 combined strabismic/anisometropic children).It was found that strabismus influenced visual acuity more than did anisometropia, but anisometropia influenced contrast sensitivity more than strabismus.The correlation coefficients between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and between grating acuity and contrast sensitivity were lowest at 1 c/deg and highest at 13 c/deg. The correlation between grating acuity and contrast sensitivity was slightly better than between visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The highest correlation coefficients were found in cases of combined strabismic/anisometropic amblyopia and the lowest in anisometropic amblyopia, which was not expected on the basis of some earlier reports in the literature. The best correlation between visual acuity and grating acuity was in the cases of combined amblyopia.
Molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronan in vitreous humour from diabetic patients
Authors: Laurent Ulla , Törnquist Per , Granath Kristi , Lilja‐Englind Karin , Ytterberg Dagny 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Vitreous material was collected from 24 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy due to hemorrhage, proliferation or traction in the vitreous body or retinal detachment. Fifteen patients had a proliferative diabets retinopathy. The non‐diabetic group consisted of four patients with vascular disease: periphlebits (2), and branch vein occlusion (2) and five patients with a non‐vascular disease: retinal detachment (4) and macular pucker (1). Hyaluronan analyses of the samples, which constituted about 80% of the vitreous bodies, gave values from 3 to 2600 μg, corresponding to approximately 1–700 μg/ml in situ. Low values were recorded in patients operated on for cataract and especially in those who also had retinal detachment. Molecular weight distributions of hyaluronan were determined in 8/15 diabetics and in 5/9 non‐diabetics. Due to the low hyaluronan content it was not possible to perform molecular weight determination in more than one of the patients with retinal detachment. The hyaluronan was of high molecular weight in both diabetics and non‐diabetics; the weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) being 1.6–6.1 times 106 and 1.0–5.3 times 106, respectively. From this investigation there is no evidence that a change in the molecular properties of hyaluronan could be the cause of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.The vitreous humour contains a comparatively high concentration of hyaluronan (HYA) (100–400 μg/g). It is of high molecular weight and does not normally seem to be degraded extracellularly in the eye (Balazs & Denlinger, 1984).Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by pathological vessel formation. Recent investigations have shown that HYA can effect angiogenesis. High‐molecular weight HYA seems to inhibit blood vessel formation (Feinberg & Beebe 1983, Dvorak & al 1987, West & Kumar, 1989), while oligosaccharides produced by degradation of HYA induce an angiogenic response in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (West et al, 1985). West & Kumar (1989) have also shown in vitro that vascular endothelial cells endocytose HYA, probably mediated by a receptor. They have proposed the hypothesis that vasoproliferation in diabetic patients is brought about by a change in concentration and molecular size of HYA (West & Kumar, 1988). This led us to test the hypothesis that hyaluronan is degraded in the diabetic eye and that the degradation products could be at least partly responsible for vascularization of the vitreous body. However, we find no difference in the molecular weight of HYA in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients.
Progression in juvenile X‐chromosomal retinoschisis
Authors: Forsius H. R. , Eriksson A. W. , Damsten M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Forty‐five males and one homozygotic female showing X‐chromosomal juvenile retinoschisis were re‐investigated in 1987 after an average follow‐up study of more than 22 years. Twenty‐two of them had been investigated by fundus‐photography for at least 14 years.With time, the typical radial micro‐cystic macular area flattens out and atrophies. In very old persons only some large choroidal vessels are seen, covering the sclera in the previously radiating area. In young patients with additional peripheral schisis the veil ruptures, the schisis area flattens out, the holes grow and may unite. In the outer retinal layer pigment degeneration develops. In congenitally severe cases the atrophy is marked and rapid. The retinal vessels attenuate and the nerve head becomes pale. Total blindness results in cases of this cathegory. The severity of retinoschisis varies much in patients belonging to the same family and even in the two eyes of the same person.
INTEGRINS AS RECEPTORS FOR EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS IN HUMAN CORNEA
Authors: Virtanen Ismo , Tervo Kaarina , Korhonen Matti , Päällysaho Taru , Tervo Timo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins form distinct proteinfamilies that play a role during tissue maturation, wound healing and maintenance of tissue architecture. Recent studies show that there are tissue type ‐specific variations in their expression. ECM proteins function by complexing with each other and also by interacting with their cellular receptors, called integrins. Integrins are heterodimeric membrane.glycoproteins that are partly cell type ‐specifically expressed in human tissues. Like other stratified epithelia, corneal epithelium expresses α2β1, α3β1, α6β1,4, and αvβ1 integrins that mediate attachment to the basement membrane and cell‐cell interactions.
An application of ultrasonic tissue characterization to the diagnosis of cataract
Authors: Sugata Yasuo , Murakami Kimio , Ito Masayasu , Shiina Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Yukio 
Published: May 2009

Abstract From a therapeutic and pathological point of view, it is important to classify types of cataract and to identify their stages. However, accepted criteria for quantitative diagnosis have not been established. On the other hand, based on the experience from tissue characterization applied to other clinical fields, the attenuation characteristics of the lens are expected to change according to the stage of disease and the type of cataract.In this study from echo signals we tried to measure the attenuation coefficient of the lens with the purpose of quantiatively diagnosing the cataract, and at an early stage. It is shown that the attenuation of the cataractous lens is larger than that of the normal lens and its value depends on the type of the cataract, an indication of the possibility of using tissue characterization in the evaluation of cataract.
Real‐time sonography of orbital tumours Colour Doppler characterization: Initial experience
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Sawhney Sukhpal , Berry Manorama 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Fifty‐seven patients with orbital tumours were examined with 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz real‐time sector sonography. The lesions were evaluated for their echomorphology, relationship to anatomical structures of the orbit, and extra‐orbital extension. Twenty‐two patients were further evaluated by Colour Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI).The lesions were located to four compartments, namely intraocular, intraconal, extraconal and extraorbital. An attempt was made to provide a histological diagnosis on the basis of clinical features and sonographic morphology. Colour Doppler flow patterns in 22 patients were correlated with the presumed or proven histological diagnosis in an attempt to detect and classify any specific patterns.Real‐time US is an excellent screening procedure in the evaluation of orbital mass lesions. CT/MRI should be added in selected cases where extra‐orbital extension requires evaluation. CDFI of tumours still being in its infancy it seems promising and may help in providing a more precise pre‐operative histological diagnosis non‐invasively.
Investigation of Different Group A Immunoassays following One Dose of Meningococcal Group A Conjugate Vaccine or A/C Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Findlow H. , Plikaytis B. D. , Aase A. , Bash M. C. , Chadha H. , Elie C. , Laher G. , Martinez J. , Herstad T. , Newton E. , Viviani S. , Papaspyridis C. , Kulkarni P. , Wilding M. , Preziosi M. P. , Marchetti E. , Hassan-King M. , La Force F. M. , Carlone G. , Borrow R. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTA double-blind, randomized, controlled phase I study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence of a new group A conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) in volunteers aged 18 to 35 years was previously performed. Subjects received one dose of either the PsA-TT conjugate vaccine, meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine (PsA/C), or tetanus toxoid vaccine. The conjugate vaccine was shown to be safe and immunogenic as demonstrated by a standardized group A-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by a serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay using rabbit complement (rSBA). This report details further analysis of the sera using four additional immunologic assays to investigate the relationship between the different immunoassays. The immunoassays used were an SBA assay that used human complement (hSBA), a group A-specific IgG multiplexed bead assay, and two opsonophagocytic antibody (OPA) assays which used two different methodologies. For each vaccine group, geometric mean concentrations or geometric mean titers were determined for all assays before and 4, 24, and 48 weeks after vaccination. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the six assays using data from all available visits. An excellent correlation was observed between the group A-specific IgG concentrations obtained by ELISA and those obtained by the multiplexed bead assay. hSBA and rSBA titers correlated moderately, although proportions of subjects with putatively protective titers and those demonstrating a ≥4-fold rise were similar. The two OPA methods correlated weakly and achieved only a low correlation with the other immunoassays. The correlation between hSBA and group A-specific IgG was higher for the PsA-TT group than for the PsA/C group.