bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable recycling approach: an understanding of designers' and contractors' recycling responsibilities throughout the life cycle of buildings in two US cities
Authors: Srour Issam , Chong Wai Kiong , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTDespite the surge of interest in construction sustainability, the rate of construction recycling is still trailing behind that of other industries. Extensive recycling, for instance, is limited to a few types of construction material. This paper analyzes recycling situations across the United States (US) and identifies common obstacles to recycling in the context of the US construction industry. Through a set of interviews with industry practitioners, obstacles are classified into six factors: social, environmental, economic, material, participant and regional. The obstacles are then tested on a recently demolished building in the San Antonio, TX, area, and compared with a hypothetical scenario in San Diego, CA. The study found that designers, and contractors (to a lesser extent), play a crucial role in achieving higher recycling rates. Specific practices that designers can use include collecting information on materials lifetime and recyclability in the region, reducing the number of materials used and component sizes, using two‐stage building systems and recording changes during construction and operation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Pickling of Process‐Oxidised Austenitic Stainless Steels in HNO3‐HF Mixed Acid
Authors: Lindell D. , Pettersson R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOxide formation during production annealing and the subsequent pickling response in mixed acid have been studied. The aims were to characterise the oxides formed and to understand how the pickling mechanism and kinetics are affected by the nature of the oxide. Totally, eight different versions of the austenitic stainless steel grades AISI 301, 304L and 309L were studied, all annealed in production lines. Cold rolled oxides (formed during annealing) are thin (< 1 µm), dense and formed in a multilayered manner. Hot rolled oxides (formed during reheating, hot rolling and annealing) are thicker (>1 µm) and more heterogeneous in thickness and composition. The dissolution rate of the chromium depleted layer (CDL) under the oxide is the most important factor for the overall pickling rate. The permeability of acid through the oxide and the tendency of the oxide to spall are also important factors affecting the pickling kinetics. The dense oxide formed on cold rolled materials can to some extent hinder the acid to reach the CDL. The oxides on hot rolled materials are porous and do not provide such a barrier but they are thicker and thereby more difficult to remove. Shot‐blasting prior to pickling of the hot rolled materials improves the pickling performance because it thins the oxide, improves the permeability and increases the tendency of the oxide to spall during the pickling step.
Determination of Hydrogen in Steel by Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bergers K. , Camisão de Souza E. , Thomas I. , Mabho N. , Flock J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrogen embrittlement has been observed since high‐strength steels have been produced in the nineteen thirties 1,2. Several different analytical methods have been developed to quantify the total and diffusible hydrogen in steel, but many aspects of hydrogen determination are still to be explored. Purely quantitative determination of hydrogen is not sufficient to fully characterize the steel regarding its resistance against embrittlement.Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) allows the investigation of hydrogen absorption and desorption mechanisms to characterize hydrogen traps in different kinds of steel microstructures. This provides valuable information for the development of new materials with a higher resistance against hydrogen embrittlement. Additionally, TDMS allows the quantitative determination of very small concentrations of hydrogen (<0.1 µg/g). Such low detection limits cannot be reached with other methods. Due to time‐consuming analysis and a rather complex construction, TDMS is usually not applied for hydrogen determination in German steel mills. The present work describes the development of a thermal desorption spectrometer at ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG by adapting a compact quadrupole mass spectrometer to a commercially available hot solid extraction analyzer, which has proven to be a simple and efficient solution for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in steel.
Execution and evaluation of complex industrial automation and control projects using the systems engineering approach
Authors: Sisbot Sedat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of our implementation and evaluation studies of industrial automation and control projects in the process industries using the systems engineering approach. Industrial Automation and Control (IAC) projects are complex technical projects including state‐of‐the‐art large bill of materials, multidisciplinary engineering resources, and a considerable amount of capital. The factors that are critical to the successful implementation of IAC projects are identified and discussed based on the literature and the experience gained in various large‐ and medium‐size industrial applications. The hierarchical structure of modern IAC systems and milestones of project implementation are also presented. A case study in the steel making processes is introduced to demonstrate the substantial benefits of incorporating systems engineering approaches into the successful implementation of IAC projects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 193–207, 2011
Participatory Action Research (PAR) in Middle School: Opportunities, Constraints, and Key Processes
Authors: Ozer Emily J. , Ritterman Miranda L. , Wanis Maggie G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLate childhood and early adolescence represent a critical transition in the developmental and academic trajectory of youth, a time in which there is an upsurge in academic disengagement and psychopathology. PAR projects that can promote youth's sense of meaningful engagement in school and a sense of efficacy and mattering can be particularly powerful given the challenges of this developmental stage. In the present study, we draw on data from our own collaborative implementation of PAR projects in secondary schools to consider two central questions: (1) How do features of middle school settings and the developmental characteristics of the youth promote or inhibit the processes, outcomes, and sustainability of the PAR endeavor? and (2) How can the broad principles and concepts of PAR be effectively translated into specific intervention activities in schools, both within and outside of the classroom? In particular, we discuss a participatory research project conducted with 6th and 7th graders at an urban middle school as a means of highlighting the opportunities, constraints, and lessons learned in our efforts to contribute to the high‐quality implementation and evaluation of PAR in diverse urban public schools.
Quantitative trait locus mapping of gravitaxis behaviour inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: DESROCHES CHRISTIE E. , BUSTO MACARENA , RIEDL CRAIG A. L. , MACKAY TRUDY F. C. , SOKOLOWSKI MARLA B. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDrosophila melanogaster, like other organisms, move and orient themselves in response to the earth's gravitational force. The ability to sense and respond to gravity is essential for an organism to navigate and thrive in its environment. The genes underlying this behaviour inDrosophilaremain elusive. Using 88 recombinant inbred lines, we have identified four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to adult gravitaxis (geotaxis) behaviour inDrosophila. Candidate genes of interest were selected from the QTLs of highest significance based on their function in chordotonal organ formation. Quantitative complementation tests with these candidate genes revealed a role forskittlesin adult gravitaxis behaviour inD. melanogaster.
History, geography and population structure influence the distribution and heritability of blood and anthropometric quantitative traits in nine Sardinian genetic isolates
Authors: PORTAS LAURA , MURGIA FEDERICO , BIINO GINEVRA , CONCAS MARIA P. , CASULA LAURA , MILIA STEFANIA , WHALEN MICHAEL B. , VACCARGIU SIMONA , COSSO MASSIMILIANO , PARRACCIANI DEBORA , FRONGIA BRUNO , PIRASTU MARIO 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIsolated founder populations which exhibit great genetic and environmental homogeneity provide an attractive setting for the study of quantitative traits (QTs). Geneticists have repeatedly turned to population isolates and the past successes have prompted increased interest among medical researchers. We studied nine small isolated villages of a secluded area of Sardinia (Ogliastra), all of them characterized by a few founders, high endogamy rates, slow population expansion and a distinct genetic makeup. Anthropometric and blood parameters, 43 QTs in all, were analysed in about 9000 voluntary subjects for whom extended genealogical information was available. We explored the distribution and examined mean differences of each trait among villages by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A heritability analysis with the variance component (VC) method was performed. Results show significant differences in the distribution of most traits between groups of villages located in two distinct geographical areas already identified by a previous population structure analysis, thus supporting the existence of differentiation among sub-populations in the same region. Heritability estimates range between 30 and 89%, demonstrating that genetic effects substantially contribute to phenotypic variation of all investigated traits and that this population provides excellent research conditions for gene-mapping projects. Results suggest that history, geographic location and population structure may have influenced the genetic and phenotypic features of these isolates. Our findings may be useful for the ongoing linkage and association studies in these isolates and suggest that a thorough characterization of population is valuable to better identify genes or variants that may be rare in the population at large and peculiar to single villages.
Modulation of Contractile Force by Endothelin Receptors in Porcine Myocardial Trabeculae
Authors: Opgaard Ole Saetrum , Tom Beril , De Vries René , Edvinsson Lars , Saxena Pramod R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:The aim of the study was to determine possible inotropic effects mediated by endothelin‐A and endothelin‐B receptors in porcine myocardial trabeculae from right atria and left ventricles. Isolated trabeculae were paced at 1.5 Hz in tissue baths, and changes in isometric contractile force upon exposure to agonist were studied. Endothelin‐1 and endothelin‐3 had a strong and potent positive inotropic effect in all trabeculae. In all atrial and in some ventricular trabeculae this effect was preceded by a transient negative inotropic effect at 10−7 M. The endothelin‐B receptor agonist IRL 1620 had a positive inotropic effect in some of the ventricular trabeculae, and no negative inotropic effect. Another endothelin‐B receptor agonist, sarafotoxin S6c, had no positive inotropic effect, but induced a transient negative inotropic effect in some atrial trabeculae at 10−7 M. In atrial trabeculae the preincubation with the endothelin‐A receptor antagonist FR139317 (10−6 M) decreased significantly (P<0.01) the maximum positive inotropic responses and abolished negative inotropic responses to endothelin‐1. In conclusion, both endothelin‐A and endothelin‐B receptors may have the potential to mediate both positive and negative inotropic responses, but a positive inotropic effect mediated mainly via endothelin‐A receptors seems to predominate.
The impact of reduced pH on the microbial community of the coral Acropora eurystoma
Authors: Meron Dalit , Atias Elinor , Iasur Kruh Lilach , Elifantz Hila , Minz Dror , Fine Maoz , Banin Ehud 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are acidifying the world's oceans. Surface seawater pH is 0.1 units lower than pre-industrial values and is predicted to decrease by up to 0.4 units by the end of the century. This change in pH may result in changes in the physiology of ocean organisms, in particular, organisms that build their skeletons/shells from calcium carbonate, such as corals. This physiological change may also affect other members of the coral holobiont, for example, the microbial communities associated with the coral, which in turn may affect the coral physiology and health. In the present study, we examined changes in bacterial communities in the coral mucus, tissue and skeleton following exposure of the coral Acropora eurystoma to two different pH conditions: 7.3 and 8.2 (ambient seawater). The microbial community was different at the two pH values, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Further analysis of the community in the corals maintained at the lower pH revealed an increase in bacteria associated with diseased and stressed corals, such as Vibrionaceae and Alteromonadaceae. In addition, an increase in the number of potential antibacterial activity was recorded among the bacteria isolated from the coral maintained at pH 7.3. Taken together, our findings highlight the impact that changes in the pH may have on the coral-associated bacterial community and their potential contribution to the coral host.
Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing
Authors: Qian Pei-Yuan , Wang Yong , Lee On On , Lau Stanley C K , Yang Jiangke , Lafi Feras F , Al-Suwailem Abdulaziz , Wong Tim Y H 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The ecosystems of the Red Sea are among the least-explored microbial habitats in the marine environment. In this study, we investigated the microbial communities in the water column overlying the Atlantis II Deep and Discovery Deep in the Red Sea. Taxonomic classification of pyrosequencing reads of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed vertical stratification of microbial diversity from the surface water to 1500 m below the surface. Significant differences in both bacterial and archaeal diversity were observed in the upper (2 and 50 m) and deeper layers (200 and 1500 m). There were no obvious differences in community structure at the same depth for the two sampling stations. The bacterial community in the upper layer was dominated by Cyanobacteria whereas the deeper layer harbored a large proportion of Proteobacteria. Among Archaea, Euryarchaeota, especially Halobacteriales, were dominant in the upper layer but diminished drastically in the deeper layer where Desulfurococcales belonging to Crenarchaeota became the dominant group. The results of our study indicate that the microbial communities sampled in this study are different from those identified in water column in other parts of the world. The depth-wise compositional variation in the microbial communities is attributable to their adaptations to the various environments in the Red Sea.
The Association of Multiple Interacting Genes with Specific Phenotypes in Rice Using Gene Coexpression Networks
Authors: Ficklin Stephen P. , Luo Feng , Feltus F. Alex 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Discovering gene sets underlying the expression of a given phenotype is of great importance, as many phenotypes are the result of complex gene-gene interactions. Gene coexpression networks, built using a set of microarray samples as input, can help elucidate tightly coexpressed gene sets (modules) that are mixed with genes of known and unknown function. Functional enrichment analysis of modules further subdivides the coexpressed gene set into cofunctional gene clusters that may coexist in the module with other functionally related gene clusters. In this study, 45 coexpressed gene modules and 76 cofunctional gene clusters were discovered for rice (Oryza sativa) using a global, knowledge-independent paradigm and the combination of two network construction methodologies. Some clusters were enriched for previously characterized mutant phenotypes, providing evidence for specific gene sets (and their annotated molecular functions) that underlie specific phenotypes.
Multiple Regulatory Elements in the Arabidopsis NIA1 Promoter Act Synergistically to Form a Nitrate Enhancer
Authors: Wang Rongchen , Guan Peizhu , Chen Mingsheng , Xing Xiujuan , Zhang Yali , Crawford Nigel M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To accommodate fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil, plants modulate their metabolism and root development via signaling mechanisms that rapidly reprogram the plant transcriptome. In the case of nitrate, over 1,000 genes are induced or repressed within minutes of nitrate exposure. To identify cis-regulatory elements that mediate these responses, an enhancer screen was performed in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. A 1.8-kb promoter fragment from the nitrate reductase gene NIA1 was identified that acts as a nitrate enhancer when fused to a 35S minimal promoter. Enhancer activity was localized to a 180-bp fragment, and this activity could be enhanced by the addition of a 131-bp fragment from the nitrite reductase promoter. A promoter construct containing the 180- and 131-bp fragments was also induced by nitrite and repressed by ammonium, indicating that it was responsive to multiple nitrogen signals. To identify specific regulatory elements within the 180-bp NIA1 fragment, a transient expression system using agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana was developed. Deletion analysis identified three elements corresponding to predicted binding motifs for homeodomain/E-box, Myb, and Alfin1 transcription factors. A fully active promoter showing nitrate and nitrite enhancer activity equivalent to that of the wild-type 180-bp fragment could be built from these three elements if the spacing between the homeodomain/E-box and Myb-Alfin1 sites was equivalent to that of the native promoter. These findings were validated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and identify a cis-regulatory module containing three elements that comprise a nitrate enhancer in the NIA1 promoter.
Leukemia cutis in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia presenting as unique facial erythema
Authors: HATTORI Tomoyasu , AMANO Hiroo , NAGAI Yayoi , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA 67‐year‐old woman was referred to our department with a 1‐month history of facial exanthemas. She had been diagnosed as having acute monocytic leukemia (French–American–British classification, M5b) based on the histological findings of bone marrow. Physical examination revealed diffuse edematous erythema on her cheeks, eyelids and glabella with scattered reddish papules. Histological examination demonstrated dense infiltration of atypical mononuclear cells in the dermis. Specific cutaneous lesions could occur in acute monocytic leukemia more frequently than in other types of leukemia, but rarely show symmetrical edematous erythema limited to the face.
IgM rheumatoid factor in congenital syphilis: associations with clinical and laboratory findings
Authors: MEYER M P , BEATTY D W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIgM rheumatoid factor (RF), measured by means of an ELISA, was detected in 92% of infants with congenital syphilis. Elevated levels were found to correlate with liver and renal involvement as well as the extent of the disease (P&lt;0.05). In addition, levels of circulating immune complexes were closely related to the RF concentration (P&lt;0.001). Following treatment of the infants both RF levels and VDRL titres declined at a similar rate (P&lt;0.001). These findings indicated a close relationship between the disease process and IgM RF levels. It is postulated that IgM RF may add to immune complex deposition and exacerbate tissue damage in congenital syphilis.
Aberrant T-regulation in rheumatoid arthritis and IgA nephropathy affects CD5+ and CD5– B lymphocytes equally
Authors: JONES B M , CHENG I K P , WONG R W S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYT-suppressor function and T-helper function in healthy adults, elderly patients with non-immune diseases, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were titrated by adding graded concentrations of CDS+ cells to autologous CD8-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or CD4+ cells to CDX– 4– PBMC, respectively. Following culture with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), numbers of CD5+ and CD5– immunoglobulin-secreting cells were determined using a combination of rosetting with anti-CD5-coated Dynabeads and reverse haemolytic plaque formation (Jones, 1990). Of 11 RA patients studied, eight had slightly reduced suppressor activity for CD5+ and CD5– IgM-secreting cells, and three with active disease and high serum levels of C-reactive protein, could not suppress IgG, IgA or IgM secretion by either B subset. Helper activity for both CD5+ and CD5– B cells was slightly but significantly increased in RA patients, One of eight patients with IgAN could not suppress IgG, IgA or IgM production by CD5+ or CD5– B cells, and all IgAN patients required strikingly fewer CD4+ cells for PWM-induced activation or CD5+ and CD5– B cells than controls. It was concluded that in two immunologically mediated diseases in which some patients have raised numbers of circulating CD5+ B cells, aberrant T-regulation affects CD5+ and conventional CD5– B cells equally.
Lupus-derived autoantibodies with dual autoactivity: anti-DNA and anti-Fc. I. Comparison of IgG autoreactivities with single-chain Fv derivatives
Authors: Rumbley C A , Voss E W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Investigations into the intrinsic affinity and reactivity of autoanti-DNA active sites were initiated through the use of purified monoclonal IgG and the synthesis of single-chain Fv derivatives of murine monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies BV 04-01 and BV 17–45. Results showed that relative to the respective IgG hybridomas, only the BV 04-01 SCA derivative showed demonstrable reactivity with DNA. The monovalent single-chain derivative of BV 17–45 showed no reactivity with DNA in solution or solid-phase assays, even though the parental IgG had been previously described as high affinity. However, 17–45 displayed reactivity as a bivalent single-chain derivative. In addition, upon concentration, BV 17–45 IgG formed a highly stable, papain-resistant precipitate. Investigations into the nature of the precipitate revealed that BV 17–45 possessed significant, DNA-inhibitable autobinding to its own IgG molecule. BV 04-01 also possessed similar anti-self reactivity. Thus, both monoclonal autoantibodies examined in this study possessed dual binding specificity; anti-DNA and anti-self.