bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Body Special? Review of Cécile Fabre, Whose Body is it Anyway? Justice and the Integrity of the Person
Authors: EYAL NIR 
Published: April 2009

Both left libertarians, who support the redistribution of income and wealth through taxation, and right libertarians, who oppose redistributive taxation, share an important view: that, looming catastrophes aside, the state must never redistribute any part of our body or our person without our consent. Cécile Fabre rejects that view. For her, just as the undeservedly poor have a just claim to money from their fellow citizens in order to lead a minimally flourishing life (here Fabre sides with left libertarians), the undeservedly ‘medically poor’ have a just claim to help from fellow citizens in order to lead such a life. Such obligatory help may in principle involve even the supply of body parts for transplantation. The state ought to exact such resources from the medically rich whenever doing so would secure the prospect of a minimally flourishing life to the medically poor without denying that prospect to anyone else. Fabre criticizes Ronald Dworkin's belief in ‘a prophylactic line that comes close to making the body inviolate, that is, making body parts not parts of social resources at all’. For her, ‘Duties to help . . . do not stop at material resources: they involve the body . . . in invasive ways’ (p. 119).
Against Body Exceptionalism: A Reply to Eyal
Authors: FABRE CÉCILE 
Published: April 2009

It is hard to do justice, in a short reply, to Eyal's excellent review. Accordingly, I will focus on what I take to be its central claim – namely that I fail to give proper consideration to the extent to which the forced extraction of (live) body parts undermines individuals' opportunities for self-respect. According to Eyal, ‘body exceptionalism’ (the view that body parts, unlike material resources, are not appropriate subject matter for duties of justice) can be defended on the following grounds: ‘People usually see trespass into a person and into objects they associate with a person – especially into a person's body – as utterly disrespectful towards that person and her autonomy’ (pp. 236–7). And later: ‘Whether or not organ confiscation is truly disrespectful . . . its widespread and intractable perception as a humiliating violation counts heavily against it, because it can thwart opportunities for self-respect’ (p. 238).
Effect of recipient breed on delivery rate of cloned miniature pig
Authors: Koo Ok Jae , Park Hee Jung , Kwon Dae Kee , Kang Jung Taek , Jang Goo , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe miniature pig is regarded as a better organ donor breed for xenotransplantation than other pig breeds because the size of their organs is similar to that of humans. To improve efficiency of cloned miniature pig production, we analysed the effect of breed difference between donor cells and embryo recipients on pregnancy rate and delivery rate. Cloned porcine embryos derived from domestic or miniature pig donor cells were transferred to domestic or miniature recipient pigs. Delivery rate was significantly higher when embryos reconstructed with miniature pig donor cells were transferred to miniature pig recipients as compared with that of embryos transferred to domestic pig recipients. However, pregnancy rates were similar between the two groups. The breed of donor cells, but not of embryo recipients, seems likely to affect litter size. From a 13 610 gene cDNA microarray, 1551 (11.7%) genes showed significantly different levels of expression between the fetuses of the two breeds. Vascular endothelial growth factor and c-kit ligand genes related to implantation and maintenance of pregnancy were significantly down-regulated in miniature pigs. In conclusion, the differential gene expression in fetuses interferes with proper fetal/maternal interactions, and results in late-stage pregnancy loss. Our results indicate that the miniature pig is the preferred embryo recipient breed than domestic pig for producing cloned miniature piglets.
Mars polar cap: a habitat for elementary life
Authors: Wallis M.K. , Wickramasinghe J.T. , Wickramasinghe N.C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIces in the Martian polar caps are potential habitats for various species of microorganisms. Salts in the ice and biological anti-freeze polymers maintain liquid in cracks in the ices far below 0°C, possibly down to the mean 220–240 K. Sub-surface microbial life is shielded from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but could potentially be activated on south-facing slopes under the midday, midsummer Sun. Such life would be limited by low levels of vapour, little transport of nutrients, low light levels below a protective dirt-crust, frost accumulation at night and in shadows, and little if any active translocation of organisms. As in the Antarctic and in permafrost, movement to new habitats depends on geo-climatic changes, which for Mars's north polar cap occur on a 50 000 year scale, except for rare meteorite impacts.
Manual annotation of the mouse genome: HAVANA and EUCOMM
Authors: Thomas Mark 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis (EUCOMM) project aims to establish a mutant resource containing up to 13,000 conditional mouse mutations in C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells. As part of this resource, up to 8,000 targeted conditional mutations will be generated for genes that can not be readily trapped by random gene trapping methods. Non-symmetrical critical exons are identified as part of the targeting approach, which when deleted produce a knockout (KO) transcript that is susceptible to nonsensemediated decay (NMD). The success of this approach is dependent on detailed and accurate genome annotation, which is provided by the Human and Vertebrate Analysis and Annotation (HAVANA) group at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Based on a combination of EST, cDNA and protein evidence, HAVANA produces high quality manual annotation of gene structures, that includes alternative splice variants, polyadenylation features, pseudogenes and gene family clusters. Using this annotation we are able to identify suitable exons for targeting, whilst minimising potential disruption to adjacent genomic features. Annotation of both gene and KO transcripts can be viewed through the Vertebrate Genome Annotation (VEGA) browser ("http://vega.sanger.ac.uk":http://vega.sanger.ac.uk).More information on the EUCOMM resource and the targeted genes is available at "http://www.eucomm.org":http://www.eucomm.org. Targeting vector design information can also be viewed through the Ensembl genome browser ("http://www.ensembl.org":http://www.ensembl.org) as DAS resources ("http://das.sanger.ac.uk/das/KO_designs":http://das.sanger.ac.uk/das/KO_designs ; "http://das.sanger.ac.uk/das/KO_vectors":http://das.sanger.ac.uk/das/KO_vectors). In addition to the EUCOMM project, HAVANA also contributes towards the mouse Consensus Coding DNA Sequence (CCDS) project and is involved in collaborations with RefSeq and MGI.
The failure of multinational food retailers in Japan: a matter of convenience?
Authors: Haddock‐Fraser Janet , Poole Nigel , Doishita Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the question of why world major supermarket chains have been unsuccessful so far in the Japanese market. The paper considers arguments from the literature that differences in consumer attitudes and behaviour between the two markets may be the determinants of the success, or otherwise, of the large US and European supermarkets.Design/methodology/approachA review of literature about Western and Japanese retailing is followed by an account of exploratory empirical research into Japanese consumer grocery purchasing and consumption behaviour.FindingsThe results support an argument that the large store “one‐stop shopping” supermarket format popular in the UK/EU is not and will not be the preferred format in Japan. Convenience, matters, but it is not the same concept as in the UK, for example.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample survey is purposively biased towards younger female shoppers from the working population who will have a significant impact on future consumer behaviour patterns. Results are more inferential than statistically validated hypotheses.Practical implicationsSupermarket chains should open a larger number of smaller stores, concentrating on frequently delivered and high quality products, above all in the fresh foods categories. Moreover, the growth of the small “convenience” store format in markets such as the UK and California suggests that “western” consumers' desires for convenience are becoming more like those of Japanese consumers.Originality/valueThe paper shows that there has been little effort, to date, to demonstrate through primary research whether unique characteristics and buying behaviour do exist in the Japanese marketplace.
Highlighting food inadequacies: does the food desert metaphor help this cause?
Authors: McEntee Jesse 
Published: April 2009

PurposeFood deserts are an attractive metaphor, but because defining this phrase and actually identifying food deserts as geographic places are a contentious endeavour, it is more revealing to discuss related terms. Inherent in the debate around food deserts (i.e. how they are defined, if and where they exist) is the topic of access. The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that access is a more accurate and less misleading concept than food deserts when it comes to highlighting food inequalities.Design/methodology/approachSocial exclusion, choice, food security, and public health are fields on which the paper draws. The proposition is that food security studies have entered a postmodern food security paradigm, which can readily be seen in US‐based community food security efforts.FindingsProgressing beyond the initial attention‐grabbing nature of the food desert term, a conceptually thin foundation is discovered that impedes universal understanding and acknowledgment that areas of inadequate food access do exist. Food access, on the other hand, is an established phrase that has evolved and been applied in different arenas to address food security. Food access is a readily understood concept that can be tailored to specific applications; whether it is physical, economic, or informational food access.Originality/valueIt is proposed here that access is a more accurate and less misleading concept than food deserts when it comes to highlighting food inadequacies.
Factors influencing food safety management system adoption in Thai food‐manufacturing firms
Authors: Arpanutud Pornlert , Keeratipibul Suwimon , Charoensupaya Araya , Taylor Eunice 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the adoption of food‐safety management systems by Thai food‐manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a survey questionnaire using a sample of Thai food‐manufacturing firms. The three‐part questionnaire was mailed to managers performing food‐safety management activities in 480 firms. A total of 217 questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 45.2 percent.FindingsThe results of hypothesis testing indicated that the adoption of a food safety management system can be significantly predicted by: expected gain of social legitimacy; expected gain of economic competitiveness; perceived importance of external stakeholders (government, community, food safety organizations, and media); top management commitment to food safety; firm size and amount of export sales. It can also be predicted by the extent to which firms exchange food safety knowledge with other stakeholders.Practical implicationsThe results of the study suggest that the Government should formulate food safety policies in favour of educating senior managers in the potential benefits of food safety management systems for their firms. In addition it confirms the importance of Government information dissemination on the successful adoption of such systems and the need to focus Government resources on assisting smaller firms. The findings present evidence of the commercial benefits of system adoption.Original/valueThe paper identifies statistically significant factors that can “predict” the uptake of food safety management systems within the Thai food industry.
Maintaining quality of minimally processed pomegranate arils by honey treatments
Authors: Ergun Muharrem , Ergun Nazan 
Published: April 2009

PurposeA major challenge facing the fresh‐cut industry is maintaining and preserving the quality of minimally processed or fresh‐cut produce. A low temperature regime, although insufficient, has been the main method of overcoming this challenge so far. Thus, methods preserving the quality and extending the shell life of minimally processed or fresh‐cut produce are needed. This paper seeks to propose that honey could be used to preserve the fresh‐like quality of minimally processed pomegranate arils and extend their shelf life.Design/methodology/approachManually extracted pomegranate arils were treated with water as control, 10 or 20 per cent diluted honey solution each for five minutes, then held at 4°C for ten days. Changes in organoleptic and visual quality, softening, soluble solids content, pH, absorbance at 446 and 510nm, and total aerobic count were recorded during the ten‐day storage period.FindingsThe study found that honey solution dip treatments extended the fresh‐like quality of minimally processed arils by delaying quality loss, microbial development, and pigment changes.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that honey dip treatment may be used, depending on commodity, to preserve quality and extend the shelf life of minimally processed or fresh‐cut produce in the food‐processing industry.Originality/valueThe study pays particular attention to minimally processed pomegranate arils, by adapting a potentially safe organic method, the use of honey dips.
Talent management – competency development: key to global leadership
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Bhatnagar Jyotsna 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw lessons on how building a talent management strategy based on competency profiling becomes a critical impact area within the field of strategic HRM.Design/methodology/approachThe case study discusses an Indian pharmaceutical organisation, the environment and the issues arising in context to talent management. The case discusses a well designed talent management strategy.FindingsThe talent mindset has helped the organisation in recruiting the best talent from the best pharmaceutical organisations. The attrition of the top and valued talent segment has come down. Some of the key positions have been filled through succession planning.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study is in a lesser known but emerging sector of the Indian economy. The case has concentrated on attracting and developing and retaining key talent, it does not concentrate on developing average talent into key talent.Practical implicationsThe implications lie in whether to grow talent or buy talent. What signal through a communication strategy should a HR manager give when determining for talent segmentation? How to develop talent and retain employees when there are not challenging options available in the internal labour market?Originality/valueThis paper provides insights to HR practitioners on how to attract, acquire and manage talent in a tight internal and external labour market. It also provides empirical support for, and theoretical understanding of, the strategic HRM literature on talent management theme.
Balancing training and development programmes for your team
Authors: Preston Andy 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the balance of internal training programmes and how to get the best out of them.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the practical experience of the author.FindingsTraining should be bite‐sized and incorporate real situations, coaching and feedback.Originality/valueThe paper provides new thoughts and distinctions around the internal training arena and is suitable for training managers and directors of organisations.
Yes, but how? Nine tips for building a culture focused on results, relationships, and accountability
Authors: Pennington Randy G. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to recognize that organizational or corporate culture has resurfaced as an important factor in an organisation's long‐term success. This paper aims to offer ideas for developing and sustaining a strong organizational culture.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the author's 20+ years of consulting experience with organizations.FindingsAn organisation's culture is defined as the intangible that sets it apart from its competitors in an environment where products and services are generally viewed as interchangeable. The paper takes the approach that an organisation's culture is a reflection of the habits it develops. It discusses the importance of conscious choices when influencing and changing the organisation's culture.Practical implicationsThe paper discusses practical strategies for influencing and building a strong organizational culture.Originality/valueThe paper offers and shares nine ideas the practitioner can implement immediately to develop and sustain a strong organizational culture.
Blended learning: overview and recommendations for successful implementation
Authors: Harris Paul , Connolly John , Feeney Luke 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify key themes within the blended learning literature and to develop a series of practical recommendations to facilitate the successful adaptation and implementation of a “blended approach to learning delivery”.Design/methodology/approachThe literature was reviewed and informed a series of recommendations for organisations considering adopting or implementing blended approaches to teaching and training.FindingsSeveral key themes centering on the importance of evaluation, skills training, pedagogy, human factors, technology and implementation were identified. The emerging themes informed a series of practical recommendations to assist organisations considering blended learning approaches. Findings highlight the current limitations in the evidence base.Practical implicationsThe identified key themes and practical recommendations provide a useful assist to organisations considering adopting and implementing blended approaches to teaching and training.Originality/valueThe paper highlights key areas for development in the blended learning literature and at the organisational level.
Choosing between print or digital collection building in times of financial constraint
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether university librarians should spend limited financial resources on library building programmes to house expanding print collections, or give priority to supporting digital collections and services – even if this forces them to dispose of little used print stock in consequence.Design/methodology/approachAn exploration of opposed concepts by an analytic comparison of two books which take different sides of this argument.FindingsThe impact of digital information culture on librarians should be to free them from concerns about disposing of stock in order to release library space to be used for better digital communication facilities, and to avoid diverting resources into expensive building programmes designed to retain all the print items purchased by libraries over the last 50 years. Resources that in the past would have been spent on warehousing expanding collections should nowadays be spent on buying more intensively used digital content and redesigning libraries as open spaces with digital technologies which can facilitate the new learning activities associated with the electronic campus.Research limitations/implicationsThe underlying concepts examined in this paper are complex and could be subject to further examination and challenge through rigorous research.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a realistic way of dealing with everyday problems in contemporary library management.Originality/valueA practical solution to a common dilemma of contemporary librarianship is examined against a background of scholarly investigation and abstract thought.
Information literacy as professional legitimation
Authors: O'Connor Lisa 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how the professionalization of school and academic librarianship contributed to the establishment of information literacy as a form of legitimation.Design/methodology/approachHistorical analysis via Abbott.FindingsThe need to obtain and maintain professional status did place school and academic librarians in a vulnerable position during a time of change that forced them to seek a new jurisdiciton of expertise.Originality/valueImportant for the profession to examine the context of the emergence of a current and important framework.
Public library services and the Polish community in England: case study
Authors: Listwon Anna , Sen Barbara 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the needs of the Polish community (established and newly arrived Poles) and how those needs are met by the public library service.Design/methodology/approachA case study method was used in partnership with Sheffield City Libraries. The methodology included interviews with library professionals and interviews and questionnaires targeted at members of the Polish community.FindingsThe Polish community are generally satisfied with the service they receive from libraries. The needs of sections of the Polish community are different dependent on their time in the country. Main concerns were with regard to the collection and their desire for good quality Polish materials including works by Polish authors (not just translations into Polish).Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a single case study giving a snapshot of the library services to Polish users.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted the need for increased community engagement with this particular ethic group. There is a need for collection development for this group of users. This can be facilitated by co‐operation with other libraries that are engaging in best practice and also specialist services such as the Polish Library in London.Originality/valueThis study is of practical value to public libraries meeting the needs of the Polish Community that is a growing and transient user group. There is little other literature that considers the needs of Poles newly arrived in this country.
Assessing managers' common sense using situational judgment tests
Authors: Salter Nicholas P. , Highhouse Scott 
Published: April 2009

PurposeIn industrial‐organizational psychology, research and practice has focused on the use of situational judgment tests to predict managerial job performance. Although there is considerable controversy over what these tests actually measure, many have argued that they at least partially measure practical intelligence or “common sense.” Therefore the purpose of this article is to discuss situational judgment tests as assessments of common sense.Design/methodology/approachReviewing the relevant industrial‐organizational psychology literature, this article considers the history and development of situational judgment tests as well as how the field has defined situational judgment. It also reviews the empirical and theoretical literature on their effectiveness for assessing managerial decision‐making competence.FindingsSituational judgment tests have been found to be effective predictors of many organizational outcomes in a variety of job settings and positions. In particular, they have been found to incrementally predict future performance on‐the‐job beyond other typical predictors. Situational judgment tests are also relatively easy to administer and score and are often well received by managers and job applicants.Originality/valueThis article suggests situational judgment tests offer an efficient method of assessing common sense that can easily be adapted to many employment settings.