bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of invasive cervical resorption in bleached root‐filled teeth
Authors: Heithersay Geoffrey S. , Dahlstrom Stephen W. , Marin Paul D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInvasive cervical resorption, a form of external root resorption, has been reported to be associated with intra‐coronal bleaching of root‐filled teeth and this has raised concerns about carrying out such bleaching procedures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the incidence of invasive cervical resorption in root‐filled teeth which had been bleached using a standardized technique. Three observers examined records and radiographs from a total of 158 patients, whose bleaching treatment had been carried out in a specialist endodontic practice. The sample comprised 204 teeth with a review period of between 1 and 19 years. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐one teeth (77.94 per cent) had an associated history of traumatic injury. All teeth had been treated with a combination of thermocatalytic and ‘walking bleach’ procedures using 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. In 54.41 per cent of teeth, guttapercha and AH26 root‐fillings were kept at the height of the cemento‐enamel junction while 18.63 per cent were below and 26.96 per cent were above the CEJ. Sealing cement was not placed over the gutta‐percha and AH26 root‐fillings in any of the teeth in the study. It was found that a total of four teeth from the sample group (1.96 per cent) had developed invasive cervical resorption during the review period. All of these teeth had a history of traumatic injury and the level of gutta‐percha was at the CEJ. The incidence of resorption found in this study of root‐filled teeth using a combined thermocatalytic and ‘walking bleach’ technique is lower than previously reported and indicates a relatively low risk of invasive cervical resorption using the technique outlined.
Vitamin K — its essential role in craniofacial development
Authors: Howe Andrew M. , Webster William S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe normal vitamin K status of the human embryo appears to be close to deficiency. Maternal dietary deficiency or use of a number of therapeutic drugs during pregnancy, may result in frank vitamin K deficiency in the embryo. First trimester deficiency results in maxillonasal hypoplasia in the neonate with subsequent facial and orthodontic implications.A rat model of the vitamin K deficiency embryopathy shows that the facial dysmorphology is preceded by uncontrolled calcification in the normally uncalcified nasal septal cartilage, and decreased longitudinal growth of the cartilage, resulting in maxillonasal hypoplasia. The developing septal cartilage is normally rich in the vitamin K‐dependent protein matrix gla protein (MGP). It is proposed that functional MGP is necessary to maintain growing cartilage in a non‐calcified state.Developing teeth contain both MGP and a second vitamin K‐dependent protein, bone gla protein (BGP). It has been postulated that these proteins have a functional role in tooth mineralization. As yet this function has not been established and abnormalities in tooth formation have not been observed under conditions where BGP and MGP should be formed in a non‐functional form.
Fixed prosthodontic failure. A review and discussion of important aspects
Authors: Selby Alex 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn order to justify the time and expense involved in complex restorative treatment there is an expectation of a favourable result and long‐term success. Longevity in fixed prosthodontics is not only dependent upon the precision and skill with which the work is carried out, but also to a large degree upon a proper assessment and diagnosis and the utilization and implementation of valid principles of design. This paper reviews the literature in an attempt to determine the incidence of failure and the reasons for, and types of, failures that occur. There is a consideration of some factors important in preoperative assessment and a detailed discussion of various aspects of design for fixed prosthodontic restorations.
Physiopathology of primary periodontitis associated with plaque. Microbial and host factors. A review. Part 1
Authors: Liébana J. , Castillo A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicrobial factors involved in the genesis of periodontitis include colonization, bacterial penetration of the epithelium, multiplication and invasive‐destructive capacity. Colonization of the gingival sulcus is related, to a certain extent, to supragingival plaque. Bacterial multiplication is induced by nutrients in the gingival fluid, and nutrients produced by degradative and excretory microbial activity. Invasion and destruction are mediated by exotoxins, structural elements of the bacteria, enzymes, metabolites, polyclonal lymphocyte activity, fibroblastic cytotoxicity, and leukocyte chemotactic inhibition.
Differences in the perceptions of HIV risk amongst dental care providers in Western Australian clinics
Authors: Waddell Charles E. , Bennett Colin L. , Davies John L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the perceived risk of occupationally contracting HIV among dental care providers. This examination is based upon responses to a mailed questionnaire from all registered dentists (76 per cent response rate, n = 550) and dental therapists (63 per cent response rate, n = 208) in Western Australia during 1992. Results indicate that: 1) dental care providers who perceive a high risk of occupationally contracting HIV report a more conservative, cautious approach to HIV infection than do providers who perceive less risk of contracting the virus; 2) dental therapists are more likely than dentists to report a higher degree of perceived risk of occupationally contracting HIV; and 3) dentists are more likely than dental therapists to perceive compliance with universal precaution guidelines in dental practices in which they work. Reasons are presented for a suspicion that both sets of perceptions may be exaggerated. The need to educate dental therapists on the realistic risks of occupationally contracting HIV and to educate dentists on the value of compliance (and of appearing to comply) with universal precaution guidelines in order to help reduce undue stress and hindrances in the provision of safe and effective dental care in this era of AIDS concludes this paper.
High magnification in situ viewing of wound healing in oral mucosa
Authors: Walsh L. J. , L'Estrange P. R. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMicroscope endoscopy is a technique which allows high resolution, non‐invasive examination of soft tissues. This study employed microscope endoscopy to examine the process of healing following exposure of the oral mucosa to carbon dioxide laser radiation. On the wound boundaries, cellular debris and the laser‐induced char layer were shed as epithelial migration occurred. Wounds healed by secondary intention, with complete epithelial closure by 72 hours. A marked vascular response was evident from 6 to 48 hours following wounding, a time period coincident with the known pattern of blood vessel activation and infiltration of the wound site by leukocytes. The use of microscope endoscopy as an adjunct to biopsy and other invasive diagnostic methods in the assessment and follow‐up of soft tissue pathology may have value in clinical practice.
The role of adhesion molecules in oral cancer
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Coyne R. M. , Xu L. J. , Savage N. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules. By altering interactions between epithelial cells, extracellular matrix and leukocytes, changes in adhesion molecule expression can influence tumour development and metastasis. This study compared the adhesion molecule profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with normal buccal mucosa. The pattern of expression of adhesion molecules differed between normal epithelial cells and tumour cells, while leukocytes and endothelial cells adjacent to the tumour showed a pattern common to inflammatory sites. Aberrations in cell adhesion receptors on tumour cells may contribute to the unique biologic behaviour of individual tumours.
Epithelial growth fraction and expression of p53 tumour suppressor gene in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Cox S. C. , Walker D. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) exceeds 7 per cent. The proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a convenient marker of epithelial cell proliferation and p53 tumour suppressor gene mutations or deletions are frequent in oral cancer. The present study estimated the basal epithelial cell growth fraction using a standard immunohistological method for the detection of nuclear PCNA from 20 Nepalese patients with OSF as 31.8 per cent compared with 7.6 per cent for oral mucosa from 43 normal subjects (p<0.001) and 39.4 per cent for 44 patients with oral cancer. The PCNA growth fraction correlated significantly with that derived by Ki‐67 labelling. There was no correlation between the growth fraction and the severity of epithelial dysplasia found is OSF.Abnormal expression of p53 protein identified by immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies was found in 70 per cent of the OSF specimens, and 21 per cent of mucosal specimens from subjects with clinically normal mouths. PCNA‐positive cells and p53 expression were restricted to the basal epithelial layer in OSF. The unexpected finding of p53 protein in clinically healthy mucosa was confined to subjects aged over 40 years who smoked tobacco, a known risk factor for oral cancer. There was no association between p53 expression and epithelial atypia scores in OSF.It is concluded that the proportion of actively cycling epithelial cells is increased in OSF and that p53 tumour suppressor gene mutations or deletions may be prevalent. Confirmation by molecular biology techniques of this genetic damage is now needed.
Split‐mouth study of sealant retention with carbon dioxide laser versus acid etch conditioning
Authors: Walsh L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA split mouth clinical trial was undertaken to compare the retention of fissure sealants placed using laser or acid conditioning. After a mean follow‐up period of 14.5 months, the retention rate for laser conditioning was greater than that for acid etching (97.9 per cent versus 94.6 per cent, respectively), although this difference was not statistically significant. No adverse effects occurred during or subsequent to laser conditioning procedures. It is concluded that carbon dioxide laser conditioning is a viable alternative to acid etching for fissure sealing.
Underground hydrogen storage in the UK
Authors: Stone Howard B. J. , Veldhuis Ivo , Richardson R. Neil 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
To utilize the full potential of hydrogen energy in the UK a number of economic, technical and environmental factors must be considered. An important factor in replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will be the practicality of storing a sufficient quantity to smooth out fluctuations in demand and provide a strategic reserve. This paper investigates the potential for large-scale underground hydrogen storage in the UK by considering the technical, geological and physical issues of storage, the locations of salt deposits, legal and economic aspects. In addition, reference is made to the equations of state applicable to this type of storage. The results of this investigation show that the UK has a number of potential locations where underground storage would provide a strategic reserve of hydrogen.
Gem #42
Authors: Barnes John 
Published: May 2009

Welcome to the final gem before we take a break for the summer, which is the sixth chapter of John Barnes' new booklet: Safe and Secure Software: An Introduction to Ada 2005.
Over the coming months, we will be publishing all thirteen chapters of the booklet. In the attachment at the bottom of Gem #30 you can access the contents and bibliography for the entire booklet.
The gems series will recommence in September. In the meantime, we hope you have a wonderful summer!
Perforated gastric corpus in a strangulated paraesophageal hernia: a case report
Authors: Shafii Alexis E , Agle Steven C , Zervos Emmanuel E 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with paraesophageal hernias often present secondary to chronic symptomatology. Infrequently, acute intestinal ischemia and perforation can occur as a consequence of paraesophageal hernias with potentially dire consequences.

Case presentation
An 86-year-old obtunded male presented to the emergency department with hypotension and severe back and abdominal pain. An emergency abdominal CT scan was ordered with a presumptive diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. CT topograms revealed extensive free intra-abdominal air and herniated abdominal viscera into the right hemithorax. Prior to completion of the CT study, the patient sustained a cardiopulmonary arrest. Surgery was consulted, but the patient was unable to be revived. Post-mortem examination revealed gross contamination within the abdomen and a giant, incarcerated, hiatal hernia with organoaxial volvulus and ischemic perforation.

Conclusion
Current recommendations call for prompt repair of giant hiatal hernias before they become symptomatic due to the increased risk of strangulation. Torsion of the stomach in large hiatal hernias frequently leads to a fatal complication such as this warranting elective repair as soon as possible.
Household exposure to pesticides and bladder exstrophy in a newborn baby boy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Martin Marlene , Rodriguez Kristina , Sánchez-Sauco Miguel , Zambudio-Carmona Gerardo , Ortega-García Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Bladder exstrophy is a rare urogenital abnormality. Other urogenital malformations have been associated with exposure to hormonal pesticide disruptors during critical developmental periods. This is the first report in the literature to associate household exposure to pesticides with bladder exstrophy.

Case presentation
We describe the pediatric environmental history of a newborn baby boy with isolated bladder exstrophy. In this case the pediatric environmental history includes the constitutional, genealogical, genetic and environmental factors related to bladder exstrophy, which revealed a cockroach infestation in the parents' home and the daily use of bug spray to kill them. The mother used one bottle of spray every 2 days (1000cc) and more in the summer, when the problem was worse. During gestational weeks 0-12, the mother intensively used a domestic pesticide consisting of a mixture of pyrethroids (cyfenothrin 0.5%, and tetramethrin 0.31%) and pyriproxyfen (0.01%). She described repeated episodes of mild to moderate poisoning that are associated with the use of household pesticides. The mother is a housewife and the father works as a fumigator of fruit fields and he reported gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the use of occupational pesticides. However, he did not believe he carried traces of these products into the home and his wife washed his work clothes separately. The pyrethroids and pyriproxyfen were detected in a urine sample obtained from the child 4 months after he was born. No other risk factors were identified.

Conclusions
A detailed and carefully conducted pediatric environmental history, which includes information about home pesticide use, should be carried out for all children with bladder exstrophy. Domestic exposure to pesticides during critical developmental periods may have deleterious effects for the fetus.
An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8, induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF-κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Lin Yu-Li , Liang Yu-Chih , Tseng Yu-Shan , Huang Hsin-Yi , Chou Shu-Yu , Hseu Ruey-Shyang , Huang Ching-Tsan , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Mushroom product induces a Th1 response and may possess a potential effect in regulating immune responses.
Ganoderma lucidum, an oriental medicinal mushroom, has been widely used in Asia to promote health and longevity. LZ-8 is a protein derived from the fungus G. lucidum and has immunomodulatory capacities. In this study, we investigated the immune modulatory effects of rLZ-8 on human monocyte-derived DCs. Treatment of DC with rLZ-8 resulted in the enhanced cell-surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR, as well as the enhanced production of IL-12 p40, IL-10, and IL-23, and the capacity for endocytosis was suppressed in DCs. In addition, treatment of DCs with rLZ-8 resulted in an enhanced, naïve T cell-stimulatory capacity and increased, naïve T cell secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10. Neutralization with antibodies against TLR4 inhibited the rLZ-8-induced production of IL-12 p40 and IL-10 in DCs. rLZ-8 can stimulate TLR4 or TLR4/MD2-transfected HEK293 cells to produce IL-8. These results suggested an important role for TLR4 in signaling DCs upon incubation with rLZ-8. Further study showed that rLZ-8 was able to augment IKK, NF-κB activity, and also IκBα and MAPK phosphorylation. Further, inhibition of NF-κB by helenalin prevented the effects of rLZ-8 in the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR and production of IL-12 p40 and IL-10 in various degrees. To confirm the in vitro data, we investigated the effect of rLZ-8 further on antigen-specific antibody and cytokine production in BALB/c mice. Immunization with OVA/rLZ-8 showed that the anti-OVA IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-2 were increased significantly compared with OVA alone in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that rLZ-8 can effectively promote the activation and maturation of immature DCs, preferring a Th1 response, suggesting that rLZ-8 may possess a potential effect in regulating immune responses.
Para-existential Forces of Invention: Nakai Masakazu's Theory of Technology and Critique of Capitalism
Authors: Moore Aaron Stephen 
Published: May 2009

In the 1930s, many Kyoto School philosophers as well as other intellectuals inquired into the nature of technology (gijutsu) amid the growth of heavy industrial capitalism, rapid mobilization for war, and the proliferation of technology throughout all areas of life. This essay examines Nakai Masakazu's thoughts on technology as it relates to what he perceived as the disciplining of the creative, practical-political energies of the masses by capitalist commodification and specialization. Instead of only defining technology as the instrumental means of production or the technical, instrumental rationality of capitalism and bureaucratic control, Nakai inquired into the essence of technology as manifested in everyday mass culture. Similar to other contemporary thinkers on technology in Japan and elsewhere, Nakai viewed technology as acts of invention and poiesis in the world; however, he located this essence of technology within the interstices of modern capitalist life—in mass-mediated subjectivity, in the sensations and forms of contemporary cinema, and in the “bodily technologies” of sports, for example.
By examining Nakai's thoughts on the essence of technology, I wish to analyze the relation between Kyoto School philosophy and the political in wartime Japan, because these have often been viewed in isolation from each other or framed simplistically in terms of political complicity or resistance to fascism. Nakai's thought during the prewar and wartime periods in particular is often either overlooked in favor of his postwar activities in the Hiroshima Culture Movement or seen as mainly engaging in a politics of building some type of counterhegemony or collective resistance against fascism through his organization of periodicals inspired by the Popular Front in Europe, such as Doyōbi (Saturday) and Sekai Bunka (World Culture), for which he was arrested along with others in 1937. However, as I demonstrate, Nakai also primarily sought inventive sites of the political through his understanding of technology within modern capitalist life—or, in his language, different “points of departure,” “acts within acts,” para-existential “middles” of chance and opportunity, and uncanny sensations irreducible to sight, sound, or understanding. At stake for Nakai in such concepts were the critical, transformative energies of the people themselves, which were increasingly subject to the various disciplinary regimes of capital and the state.
Functional Outcome at School Age of Preterm Infants With Periventricular Hemorrhagic Infarction
Authors: Roze Elise , Van Braeckel Koenraad N. J. A. , van der Veere Christa N. , Maathuis Carel G. B. , Martijn Albert , Bos Arend F. 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVES. Our objective was to determine motor, cognitive, and behavioral outcome at school age in preterm children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and to identify cerebral risk factors for adverse outcome.METHODS. This was a prospective cohort study of all preterm infants who were &lt;37 weeks' gestation, had periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, and were admitted between 1995 and 2003. Ultrasound scans were reviewed for characteristics of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and other cerebral abnormalities. At 4 to 12 years of age, motor outcome was assessed by the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System, by a neurologic examination (Touwen), an intelligence test (Wechsler Intelligence Scale III/Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised), and tests for visual-motor integration, visual perception, and verbal memory. Behavior was assessed by using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.RESULTS. Of 38 infants, 15 (39%) died. Twenty-one of the 23 survivors were included in the follow-up. Four infants were neurologically normal, 1 had minor neurologic dysfunction, 13 had unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, and 3 had bilateral cerebral palsy. Coordination, associated movements, and fine manipulative abilities were affected most according to the neurologic examination. Gross Motor Function Classification System scores were level 1 (7 children), level 2 (7 children), level 3 (1 child), and level 4 (2 children). Manual Ability Classification System scores were normal (4 children), level 1 (8 children), level 2 (7 children), and level 3 (2 children). The mean and median total IQ was 83. Visual perception was normal in 88% of children, visuomotor integration was normal in 74%, and verbal memory was normal in 50%. Behavior was normal in 53% of children, and executive functions were normal in 65% and 29% of children (by parent and teacher report, respectively). Characteristics of the periventricular hemorrhagic infarction were not related to functional motor outcome and intelligence. Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation was a risk factor for poorer total and performance intelligence and abnormal fine manipulative abilities.CONCLUSIONS. The majority of surviving preterm children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction had cerebral palsy with limited functional impairment at school age. Intelligence was within 1 SD of the norm of preterm children without lesions in 60% to 80% of the children. Verbal memory, in particular, was affected. Behavioral and executive function problems occurred slightly more than in preterm infants without lesions. The functional outcome at school age of preterm children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction is better than previously thought.