bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological behavior of biocomposites of silk fibroin fiber and poly(ε‐caprolactone): Effect of fiber network
Authors: Qiao Xiuying , Li Wei , Watanabe Hiroshi , Sun Kang , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRheological behavior was examined for biocomposites of rod‐like silk fibroin (SF) fiber and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) to investigate an effect(s) of the SF fiber network therein on the mechanical properties. At 160 °C where PCL was a homogeneous melt, linear viscoelastic tests revealed that the SF/PCL composites hardly relax to behave essentially as elastic solids (more precisely, plastic solids before yielding) at low frequencies. The corresponding equilibrium modulus G0 increased strongly with the SF volume fraction ϕSF (G0 ∼ ϕ) and was attributable to the elastic bending of the SF fibers incorporated in the network. The Doi‐Kuzuu model for non‐Brownian rods was modified for the SF/PCL composites by incorporating the rod–rod contact at equilibrium. The G0 calculated from this model was satisfactorily close to the data, in both ϕSF dependence and magnitude, lending support to the assignment of the composite elasticity to the fiber bending. The storage modulus G′ measured under large‐amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) was smaller than the linear viscoelastic G′, and this difference between the linear and nonlinear moduli was enhanced for the composites with a larger SF content and at lower frequencies. This nonlinear effect was attributable to a decrease of the effective fiber–fiber contacts sustaining the elasticity under LAOS. Under steady shear, the SF/PCL composites exhibited nonlinear (plastic) flow behavior associated with the stress overshoot, and their apparent viscosity was comparable to/lower than the viscosity of neat PCL matrix. The overshoot became much less significant on application of a second shear immediately after the first shear, while the overshoot was partly recovered after a quiescent rest between the first and second shears. These nonlinear features were attributable to slippage between shear‐oriented fibers and PCL matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1957–1970, 2009
Multiple melting behavior of poly(lactic acid) filled with modified carbon black
Authors: Su Zhizhong , Li Qiuying , Liu Yongjun , Hu Guo‐Hua , Wu Chifei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo melting peaks are generally observed in a heating scan for isothermally crystallized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/carbon black (CB) and PLA/modified carbon black (MCB) composites. To investigate the origin of the above double melting behavior, the melting behavior after isothermal crystallization was analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and small angel X‐ray scattering techniques. The double melting of the crystallized samples can be explained by the model of two populations of lamellae, the double peaks of low and high temperatures are contributed to the melting of the small lamellae produced by secondary crystallization and that of the major crystals formed in the primary crystallization process, respectively. Spherulitic growth rates of the neat PLA and PLA/MCB composite were analyzed and the occurrence of a regime transition was demonstrated. For the PLA, a clear regime transition was observed at around 125 °C. For the PLA/MCB, it occurred at 130 °C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1971–1980, 2009
Enhanced photochemical‐shift of reflection band from an inverse opal film based on larger birefringent polymer liquid crystals: Effect of tolane group on the photochemical shift behavior
Authors: Moritsugu Masaki , Shirota Tomomi , Kubo Shoichi , Ogata Tomonari , Sato Osamu , Kurihara Seiji 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPhoto‐chemically tunable photonic band gap materials are prepared by infiltration of liquid crystal polymers having azobenzene groups into voids of SiO2 inverse opal films. Linearly polarized (LP) light irradiation results in transformation from a random to an anisotropic molecular orientation of azobenzene side chains in the voids of the SiO2 inverse opal film, leading to the reversible and stable shift of the reflection peak to longer wavelength more than 15 nm. To improve switching properties, we use copolymers of azobenzene monomer and tolane monomer, which have higher birefringence, as infiltration materials into the voids. The azobenzene‐tolane copolymers are found to show higher birefringence than azobenzene homopolymers by the LP light irradiation at higher temperature. Consequently, the reflection band of the SiO2 inverse opal film infiltrated with the azobenzene‐tolane copolymer can be shifted to longer wavelength region more than 55 nm by the irradiation of LP light. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1981–1990, 2009
Rheological properties for polypropylene modified by polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Md Ali Mohd Amran Bin , Okamoto Kenzo , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Kasai Toshihiro , Koshirai Atsunori 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLinear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties for binary blends composed of isotactic polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are studied. It is found that blending a small amount of PTFE greatly enhances the storage modulus in the low frequency region. Further, drawdown force and normal stress difference increase with the PTFE content. Electron microscope observation reveals that PTFE deforms into fine fibers whose diameter is smaller than 0.5 μm. The network structure composed of the fibers is responsible for the marked elastic properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2008–2014, 2009
High‐pressure dependence of structural evolution in polyamide 11 during annealing
Authors: Castagnet Sylvie , Thilly Ludovic 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis work focuses on the pressure dependence of some microstructure changes like the secondary crystallization induced by annealing above the glass transition temperature. Polyamide 11 samples were annealed under a hydrostatic argon pressure ranging from the ambient up to 4000 bars. Structural evolutions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compared with similar experiments performed under atmospheric pressure. Pressure results in a strong shift of the endothermic peak observed in DSC traces toward lower temperatures, with a change of kinetics. The pressure sensitivity is clearly nonlinear. It decreases with increasing pressure levels until saturating above about 3000 bars. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2015–2025, 2009
The Application of Energy Dispersive Diffraction for Nondestructive Analysis of Large Material Depths and for Residual Stress Determination
Authors: Kämpfe Bernd , Luczak Falk , Urban Marco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn important advantage of energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction is the opportunity to obtain diffraction patterns without the use of a goniometer. Thus, a combination of small power X‐ray tubes, appropriate X‐ray optics and high energy resolution detectors enables the construction of small and transportable measurement devices. Specimens of different size, shape and geometry can be investigated.Compared with conventional X‐ray diffraction, the energy dispersive method has widened the range of applications in two interesting fields. The simultaneous determination of chemical composition and crystalline structure opens possibilities for single crystal and polycrystalline material characterization.A second effect which can be utilized successfully is based on the wide range of wavelengths, which may be integrated to create one diffraction pattern. So in contrast to the angle dispersive diffraction, a rather large range of penetration depth is available and nondestructive measurements into the depth of the specimen become possible.In this paper, the application of X‐ray high energy dispersive diffraction is demonstrated. Examples from the fields of composites, steel and micro system technologies are presented. Residual stress analyses were preformed and the results were compared with conventional X‐ray stress analyses. New ways to evaluate high energy diffraction patterns will become necessary and some are offered here.
Co‐Crystallization and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Förter‐Barth Ulrich , Kröber Hartmut , Kempa Paul Bernd , Juez‐Lorenzo Maria del Mar , Doyle Stephen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCo‐crystals may open the door to product tailoring of pharmaceutical products. Selected pharmaceutical ingredients were co‐crystallized by mechanical and supercritical methods and the products were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) using synchrotron radiation. The experiments revealed sub‐micron and nano‐structured composite particles, and three new phases, i.e., one cholesterol and two caffeine based. The phase separation and structure resolution of the new phases will form the aims of future investigations.
Vitamin D deficiency in young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection
Authors: McNally J. Dayre , Leis Karen , Matheson Loren A. , Karuananyake Chandima , Sankaran Koravangattu , Rosenberg Alan M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRationaleAcute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and intensive care unit admission among children. Season related decreases in the immunomodulatory molecule, vitamin D, remain an unexplored factor that might contribute to the increased occurrence of ALRI in children.ObjectiveTo investigate a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection by comparing serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in a group of young children with ALRI to an age‐matched group without respiratory infection.Patients and MethodsParticipants with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis or pneumonia (n = 55 or 50, respectively), as well as control subjects without respiratory symptoms (n = 92), were recruited at the Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada from November 2007 to May 2008. 25(OH)D levels were measured in patient serum using a competitive enzyme linked immunoassay.ResultsThe mean vitamin D level for the entire ALRI group was not significantly different from the control group (81 ± 40 vs. 83 ± 30 nmol/L, respectively). The mean vitamin D level for the ALRI subjects admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (49 ± 24 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that observed for both control (83 ± 30 nmol/L) and ALRI subjects admitted to the general pediatrics ward (87 ± 39 nmol/L). Vitamin D deficiency remained statistically related to pediatric intensive care unit admission in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionNo difference was observed in vitamin D levels between the entire ALRI group and control groups; however, significantly more children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with ALRI were vitamin D deficient. These findings suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D might influence ALRI disease severity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:981–988. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Types of article published in physiotherapy journals: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Paci Matteo , Cigna Claudio , Baccini Marco , Rinaldi Lucio A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The aim of this study was to quantify and assess the types of research and review articles published in physiotherapy professional journals with international circulations. Method. Selected articles from nine physiotherapy journals in a period of five years were classified according to their study design. Results. A total number of 1627 articles were included in this study of which 205 (12.60%) were randomized controlled trial (RCT). Articles published with the highest frequency were ‘observational/descriptive studies’ (n = 305, 18.75%), whereas ‘meta‐analyses’ were the rarest ones (n = 21, 1.29%). Many articles were validation studies (n = 216, 13.28%) and articles classified as ‘others’ (n = 217, 13.34%). High heterogeneity was found in terms of distribution over years and journals with an improvement of the number of RCTs among years. Conclusion. The distribution of different types of article in physiotherapy journals is similar to other disciplines. The improvement of RCTs represents an important move in the right direction for evidence‐based physiotherapy research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of functional bacteriorhodopsin by an Escherichia coli cell‐free protein synthesis system supplemented with steroid detergent and lipid
Authors: Shimono Kazumi , Goto Mie , Kikukawa Takashi , Miyauchi Seiji , Shirouzu Mikako , Kamo Naoki , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCell‐free expression has become a highly promising tool for the efficient production of membrane proteins. In this study, we used a dialysis‐based Escherichia coli cell‐free system for the production of a membrane protein actively integrated into liposomes. The membrane protein was the light‐driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, consisting of seven transmembrane α‐helices. The cell‐free expression system in the dialysis mode was supplemented with a combination of a detergent and a natural lipid, phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk, in only the reaction mixture. By examining a variety of detergents, we found that the combination of a steroid detergent (digitonin, cholate, or CHAPS) and egg phosphatidylcholine yielded a large amount (0.3–0.7 mg/mL reaction mixture) of the fully functional bacteriorhodopsin. We also analyzed the process of functional expression in our system. The synthesized polypeptide was well protected from aggregation by the detergent‐lipid mixed micelles and/or lipid disks, and was integrated into liposomes upon detergent removal by dialysis. This approach might be useful for the high yield production of functional membrane proteins.
Fate of vinclozolin, thiabendazole and dimethomorph during storage, handling and forcing of chicory
Authors: Spanoghe Pieter , Ryckaert Bert , Van Gheluwe Cindy , Van Labeke Marie‐Christine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: As part of ongoing research for a sustainable production of Belgian endives, the fate of three fungicides during storage, handling and forcing of witloof chicory roots was investigated. Storage roots are protected against Sclerotinia sp. Fuckel and Phoma exigua var. exigua Desm. by means of vinclozolin and thiabendazole respectively. During hydroponic forcing, the most imminent pathogen is Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., which is controlled by the use of dimethomorph.RESULTS: Vinclozolin and thiabendazole concentrations on roots remained constant during storage at −1 °C. Dermal exposure of the workers in hydroponics was exceeded. Vinclozolin and thiabendazole residues were not detected 2 weeks after hydroponic forcing; dimethomorph was still detected at harvest. At harvest, the vinclozolin concentration in the chicory heads was below the maximum residue limit, but the chicory roots contained residues much above the thiabendazole and dimethomorph maximum residue level.CONCLUSION: Vinclozolin and thiabendazole residues applied before storage are still present on the roots at the start of the forcing cycle. During the set‐up of chicory roots, preventive measures are recommended, as effects of repeated human exposure to low doses of applied fungicides cannot be excluded. Dimethomorph applied at the start of the hydroponic forcing is the only pesticide detected in the drainage water at harvest. The chicory heads were safe for human consumption. However, more attention should be paid to the residues of fungicides in the roots used for cattle feeding. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Schweißnahtnachbehandlung mit höherfrequenten Hämmerverfahren – Ermüdungsfestigkeit, Qualitätssicherung, Bemessung
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Herion Stefan , Weich Imke 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIm Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts REFRESH wurden umfangreiche systematische Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit mit höherfrequenten Hämmerverfahren nachbehandelter Schweißnähte durchgeführt. Die statistisch abgesicherten Ergebnisse belegen die hohe ermüdungsfestigkeitssteigernde Wirksamkeit der Verfahren und ermöglichten die Entwicklung eines experimentell abgesicherten Bemessungskonzeptes. Um die Anwendung überwachen zu können und die Behandlungsqualität sicherzustellen, wurde ein Qualitätssicherungssystem und ein Anforderungskatalog an das Fachpersonal erarbeitet. Die Zertifizierung der Verfahren erfolgt auf Basis eines gemeinsam von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung und der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine der Universität Karlsruhe erarbeiteten Zertifizierungssystems.Postweld treatment by high frequency hammer peening methods – fatigue resistance, quality control, design.In the range of the research project REFRESH comprehensive, systematic investigations regarding the fatigue resistance of welds treated with high frequency peening methods have been conducted. The statistically confirmed results prove the high beneficial effect of the methods and allowed to develop an experimentally verified design concept. In order to control the application quality and to ensure the desired effects a quality assurance system and a catalogue of requirements for specialists has been worked out. The certification of the methods is performed on the base of a common certification system, developed by the German Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM) and the Research Centre for Steel, Timber and Masonry, University of Karlsruhe.
Messverfahren zur Überprüfung randschichtnaher Veränderungen des Werkstoffzustandes als Folge mechanischer Oberflächenbehandlungen
Authors: Eslami‐Chalandar Hamdollah , Bruns Markus , Nitschke‐Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: September 2009

AbstractZur Charakterisierung der ermüdungsrelevanten Werkstoffveränderungen infolge hochfrequenter Schweißnahtnachbehandlung hat sich der Einsatz von mikromagnetischen Werkstoff‐ und Spannungsanalysen vorteilhaft gezeigt. Für Standardbauteile hat sich gezeigt, dass die Qualitätssicherung der Nachbehandlung mit höherfrequenten Hämmerverfahren bei Einhaltung der Behandlungsparameter durch eine Sichtkontrolle möglich ist. Das Mikromagnetische Verfahren ermöglicht bei neuen Anwendungsfällen eine Gütekontrolle der Nachbehandlung an Arbeitsproben ·und am Realbauteil.A measurement technique for inspection of material subsurface changes after mechanical surface treatment.The micro‐magnetic stress and material analysis has shown to be advantageous for characterizing the fatigue related material properties after high frequency post weld treatment. The quality control of standard parts treated by high frequency hammer peeing with the same peening parameters is possible by means of visual inspection. For new applications, the micro‐magnetic analysis provides a quality control of post weld treated work samples and real components.
Alternativer Berechnungsansatz zum Hochfrequenzhämmern – Versuch und praktische Anwendung in der Windenergietechnik
Authors: Rahlf Uwe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie lokal anwendbare Schweißnahtnachbehandlung bietet ein vielversprechendes Potential zur Lebensdauerverlängerung und wirtschaftlicheren Fertigung geschweißter Bauteile. In diesem Beitrag wird ein alternativer Berechnungsansatz auf bruchmechanischer Basis vorgestellt, der es erlaubt, wesentliche Effekte des Hochfrequenzhämmerns, die für die signifikante Verlängerung der Lebensdauer verantwortlich zeichnen, direkt in die Abschätzung der Lebensdauer mit einfließen zu lassen. Ferner werden die Ergebnisse eines Schwingfestigkeitsversuches an dickwandigen, durchgeschweißten Kreuzstößen mit einer Blechdicke von 60 mm präsentiert.Auch aufgrund der sehr positiven Erfahrungen aus der Anwendung des Hochfrequenzhämmerns an verschiedenen Bauteilen von Windenergieanlagen in der Praxis wird diesem Verfahren zukünftig eine hohe Bedeutung zukommen.An alternative calculation approach for high frequency peening – further validation and practical application in wind energy technology.A local application of post weld treatment shows a high potential in increasing fatigue life and more economic manufacturing of welded components. An alternative assessment based on fracture mechanics is presented which takes into account the main effects of high frequency peening. Furthermore results of a fatigue test on a cross‐joint K‐butt weld with 60?mm thickness are presented. Also because of positive experiences in field application of high frequency peening on different components in wind energy converters this kind of post weld treatment will be a very promising technique in future.
Personenaufzug Bad Schandau – Revitalisierung eines denkmalgeschützten Turmbauwerks
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Flederer Holger , Schmidt Holger , Sieber Lars 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie im Jahr 1904 errichtete und unter Denkmalschutz stehende Personenaufzugsanlage in Bad Schandau gehört zu den wichtigsten touristischen Attraktionen der Stadt. Sie verbindet das Elbtal mit der Ostrauer Scheibe. Das Tragwerk der Stahlskelettkonstruktion besteht aus einem 57 m hohen Aufzugsturm und einer 27 m langen bergseitigen Zugangsbrücke mit einer Λ‐förmigen Zwischenstütze. Wegen starker Korrosionsschäden wurde im vergangenen Jahr die Grundinstandsetzung der Anlage durchgeführt. Der folgende Beitrag geht nach einem geschichtlichen Rückblick und der Konstruktionsbeschreibung auf die durchgeführten Zustands‐ und Materialanalysen ein und beschreibt die Planung und Ausführung der Revitalisierungsmaßnahmen.Passenger lift Bad Schandau – Revitalization of a tower structure under preservation order.The passenger lift, one of the most important tourist attractions in Bad Schandau, was built in 1904 and is placed under preservation order. It joins the Elbe valley with the uptown district “Ostrauer Scheibe”. The steel framework structure consists of a 57 m high lift tower and a 27 m long entrance bridge facing the mountain and having a Λ ‐shaped intermediate support. Last year major repair works were carried out due to enormous corrosion damages of the structure. Following a historical review and design description this paper presents building condition and material evaluation as well as planning and implementation of revitalisation measures.
Real‐time fetal magnetic resonance imaging for the dynamic visualization of the pouch in esophageal atresia
Authors: Salomon L. J. , Sonigo P. , Ou P. , Ville Y. , Brunelle F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEsophageal atresia is the principal cause of congenital esophageal obstruction. Prenatal suspicion of esophageal atresia is usually based on the presence of polyhydramnios together with an absent stomach bubble. More recently, visualization of the dilatation of the blind‐ending esophagus (esophageal pouch) during fetal swallowing has been reported and proposed as the most reliable sign for predicting esophageal atresia. Improvement of radiofrequency and computer technology as well as parallel data acquisition has greatly reduced magnetic resonance (MR) scanning time, allowing visualization of the fetus in cine‐mode using fast imaging employing steady‐state acquisition (FIESTA). We describe the application of FIESTA sequences in fetuses with suspected esophageal atresia for visualization of the esophageal pouch using MR imaging. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.