bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of health education on preventive practices of breast cancer among women from rural field practice area of a Medical College in Hyderabad, Telangana State
Authors: Gogolla Bhagya Rekha , V. Kumari S. M. V. , Priyanka Sriramula 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among Indian women. The Indian Council of Medical Research found 1.5 lakh new cases in 2016. In 2020, globally 2.3 million women were diagnosed; 685,000 deaths occurred. Lack of awareness about risk factors, signs, symptoms, and preventive practices is the main cause for its increasing incidence. Breast self-examination (BSE) has a role in the early detection of cancer. Its treatment is effective when diagnosed in the early stages.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of health education on preventive practices of BC among women.

Subjects and Methods:
A community-based interventional follow-up study was conducted in a rural field practicing area of government medical college, Hyderabad. Using multistage sampling, 260 women in the 20–50 years of age group were selected. Data regarding knowledge of BC were collected by pretested questionnaire in the preintervention phase. In the intervention phase, health education on BC and BSE was imparted through audiovisual aids and flip charts. In the postintervention phase, the impact of health education was assessed 2 weeks later using the same questionnaire. Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed by Epi Info version 7.

Results:
In pre and postintervention phases, the knowledge regarding BSE practice increased from (5%) to (77.7%); obesity (20.8%) to (71.5%); breast lump (7.7%) to (71.2%); advancing age (5.8%) to (68.5%); nipple discharge (3.8%) to (63.1%); alcohol (6.6%) to (61.9%) and family history (13.5%) to (60%).

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of health education on preventive practices of BC in increasing knowledge.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on cervical cancer and its screening among women of Mulugu Mandal
Authors: Ramyatha Kasha , Tubachi Aruna , Veera Bhadreshwara Anusha Doddoju , Anumolu Gopa Raju 
Published: May 2024

Background:Cervical cancer is the fourth-leading cause of death in females among noncommunicable diseases. Hence, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and screening in females, especially in rural areas is important to reduce the burden of disease.Objective:The objective of this study was to estimate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures of cervical cancer, and screening the females by means of Papanicolaou test (PAP) smear.Subjects and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30–65 years females of Mulugu Mandal from October 2021 to February 2022. After obtaining informed consent, 505 females were interviewed by house-to-house visit using a semistructured questionnaire with questions regarding KAP on risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures of cervical cancer, and motivated female for PAP smear if willing, was brought to the institution. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.Results:The mean age of the study participants was 47.46 ± 9.698. Good knowledge, positive attitude, and regular practice were 11.28%, 43.8%, and 14.1%, respectively, on cervical cancer. PAP smear acceptance rate was 14.059% result and showed 12.6% have atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 87.3% have an inflammatory smear.Conclusion:Knowledge on risk factors, symptoms and screening for cervical cancer is low, and the acceptance rate of PAP smear is very low.
Traditional practices of oral health care among tribals of India: A scoping review
Authors: Deshmukh Neeti , Ikhar Anuja , Paul Priyanka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The scoping review aims to study the traditional practices of oral health care among tribals of India.

Search:
The Google Scholar database was searched using a search strategy for articles on traditional oral health-care practices among tribals of India and the composition and properties of medicinal plants used. Two hundred and forty-nine articles were reported in the search and screened for eligibility. Seven articles found suitable have been included in the review.

Results:
The results showed that 95 plant species were identified that were used for oral health by the tribal population in India. These species were mostly used as toothbrushes, for making toothpastes, and mouthwashes, relieving toothaches, treating bleeding gums, halitosis, and caries, and for whitening the teeth.

Conclusion:
The plants used have many medicinal properties, which may be why tribals use it.
Patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis encountered in routine cytology reporting: An experience in a tertiary care center of Northeastern part of India
Authors: Bhuyan Geet , Deshpande Maheshri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is the thirteenth leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 worldwide in 2020. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a simple and economic procedure for the diagnosis of TB at the initial stage. In this study, we tried to study the various cytomorphological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis encountered in routine practice.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study that was carried out in a tertiary care setting in north eastern India between 2019 and 2022. We retrieved 305 cases of tubercular lymphadenitis and classified them into 4 morphological patterns. These were: pattern A-Epithelioid granuloma without necrosis; pattern B-Epithelioid granuloma with necrosis; pattern C-Necrosis without epithelioid granuloma and with numerous neutrophilic infiltrate; and pattern D-Cases with numerous macrophages.

Results:
In our study, pattern C was the most common (44%) followed by pattern (23%); pattern B was seen in 80 cases (26%); and pattern D was seen in only 22 cases (7%). Among patients with HIV infection, the most common pattern was pattern D (80%).

Conclusion:
This study shows that TB lymphadenitis is a disease with various morphological patterns. And understanding it can aid in the accurate diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis.
Generalized anxiety causing globus pharyngeus
Authors: Thejas Saai Ram , Sharanya Jangili , Rajamohan Ganganamoni 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Globus is a feeling of a sensation of a lump in the throat. A variety of explanations (physical and psychological) have been proposed in its etiology, but it is nonspecific nature and high incidence makes a causative association hard to establish or refute.

Objective:
To associate the role of Anxiety in the etiology of globus pharyngeus.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted in a rural private hospital in South India. One hundred and ninety-three patients with a sensation of lump in the throat were assessed after obtaining consent. A strict inclusion and exclusion criteria meant only 54 made it to the final study. A pan endoscopy was conducted to rule out local lesions. In each patient with absence of a local lesion, Hamilton-A Anxiety (HAM-A) Scale was issued for the levels of anxiety (values between 0 and 56) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for uneasiness experienced (values between 1 and 10) before and after 12-weeks treatment. Management included oral escitalopram and clonazepam.

Results:
At the end of the study, the average score for HAM-A Scale was 13.96 compared to 26.17 before treatment, an improvement of 46.65%. The average values before and after treatment in the VAS before and after treatment were 7.43 and 3.33, an improvement of 55.18%.

Conclusion:
In the absence of a local cause, the diagnosis of globus should be looked at from psychological viewpoints. Undiagnosed or untreated anxiety can cause globus and it is more commonly seen in women in the age group of 36–45 years. The P value was significant in this study where we treated anxiety leading to globus (<0.05). Thus, we infer that treatment of anxiety as an entity can help in the management of globus.
Nomophobia in the students of a medical college using smartphones
Authors: Kiran Epari Ravi , Vijaya Karri , Ashwini Mangu Rama 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Mobile Information and Communication Technologies have led to the rise in dependence on smartphones worldwide and nomophobia (NMP) which is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess smartphones usage among the medical students, to estimate the prevalence of NMP, it's gradation and it's association of different variables with grade of NMP.

Methods:
A community-based, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students selected by the systematic random sampling technique. A questionnaire comprising smartphone ownership/usage variables and questions on NMP Questionnaire was used.

Results:
Female students (70.9%) were more compared to males (29.1%). Majority (44.7%) were in the age group of 19–20 years. 52.4% of them had received ≤3 E-mails/day. 56.4% of them had installed ≤20 apps in their smart phones in their smartphones. Sixty-eight percent of them had installed ≤3 newer apps in last month. The prevalence of NMP was found to be 100% with the maximum (63.1%) having moderate grade of NMP. It was found that the associations of the community, possession of smartphone, average monthly mobile phone bill including internet usage, and number of E-mails sent per day with the difference in the grade of NMP were found to be statistically significant, (P = 0.04), (P = 0.04), (P = 0.01), and (P = 0.04), respectively.

Conclusions:
The high prevalence of NMP can be attributed to the use of smartphones for online classes due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation for glaucoma compared to alternative procedures –A Systematic review
Authors: Alasbali Tariq 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Despite many recent developments, preference in the choice of surgical treatment of uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE:
This study compares the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) to alternative surgical procedures, for all types of glaucoma.

METHODOLOGY:
The methodology adheres to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for systematic review reporting. Studies reporting ECP and alternative surgeries in treating refractory glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, aphakic glaucoma, filtering surgical failure-induced glaucoma, congenital or juvenile glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma such as uveitis glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, secondary glaucoma postcorneal transplantation, etc. were included. The efficacy was evaluated from the number of IOP-lowering drugs, and mean change in pre- and post-IOP were the outcomes assessed in ECP and non-ECP groups in this review. Evaluations of the postoperative complications revealed the safety assessment of the procedure.

RESULTS:
In total, 11 relevant studies were selected in this study with a total of 5418 eyes, including 763 eyes in the ECP group and 4655 in the non-ECP group. This review observed that both ECP and non-ECP procedures had been successful in reducing postoperative IOP.

CONCLUSION:
It can be deduced from this review, that all types of glaucoma can be treated efficiently with significantly higher success rates with ECP and ECP demonstrates lowest postoperative complications when compared to non ECP procedures. This review provides updated scientific evidence which caters to support clinical decisions for surgical treatment of glaucoma.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on digital eye strain during coronavirus disease-2019 lockdown
Authors: Jain Sneha , Das Oindrila , Roy Aindrila , Das Abhisekh 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Computer vision syndrome is a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer use. The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has led to an increase in the digital screen exposure as jobs as well as academic learning have majorly shifted online. This has caused an increase in digital eye strain (DES) globally. The aims and objectives of this study were to compare the knowledge, attitude, and practices among medical and nonmedical professionals with regard to DES in a background of COVID-19 lockdown.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional, observational, online questionnaire-based research survey analysis was conducted among medical professionals with age- and sex-matched nonmedical professionals. Responses were collected over a week and analyzed. The level of significance was set at a P < 0.05. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23.0 was used for the result analysis.

RESULTS:
Our study included 353 (50.4%) medical and 347 (49.6%) nonmedical personnel. It was noted that 266 (75.4%) of medical professionals and 268 (77.2%) of nonmedical professionals experienced eye problems after prolonged digital screen exposure. A significant proportion of respondents experienced an increase in symptoms following COVID-19 lockdown with 140 (52.6%) being medical professionals and 163 (60.8%) nonmedical professionals (P = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS:
DES is a preventable lifestyle-associated disorder. Awareness among the masses can reduce the adverse effects. Proper lighting, adequate viewing distance, voluntary blinking, and using lubricating eye drops are a few ways to reduce the chances of DES. Further studies are needed to formulate standardized guidelines for the management of DES.
Complications associated with the use of two types of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgeries
Authors: Al-Abri Mohamed , Al-Hinai Ahmed , Al-Musalami Adil , Al-Ghaithi Huda 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study is to describe complications associated with the use of two types of silicone oil (SO) (1000 centistokes [cs] and 5000 cs) in vitreoretinal surgery in Oman.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a retrospective descriptive study on all patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries in which SO injection or removal was done. The study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017. Demographic data, lens status of the eye at the time of SO injection, type of SO used (1000 cs or 5000 cs), and complications associated with SO were collected.

RESULTS:
A total of 107 eyes of 103 patients were included in the study. SO 1000 cs was used in 66 eyes and SO 5000 cs was used in 41 eyes. A total of 29 eyes (27%) developed SO-related complications, which included SO emulsification in 14 eyes (13.1%), raised intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg in 19 eyes (17.8%), and band keratopathy in 4 eyes (3.7%). SO emulsification was seen in eight eyes (12.1%) in whom SO 1000 cs was used and in five eyes (12.2%) in whom SO 5000 cs (P = 1.000).

CONCLUSION:
SO was found to be a relatively safe adjunct in vitreoretinal surgery. SO-related complications such as SO emulsification, raised IOP, and band keratopathy were observed in less than one-third of study eyes. No difference was noted in emulsification rate between SO 1000 cs and SO 5000 cs. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up period are warranted.
Outcome of cataract surgery in pediatric uveitis (experience at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital)
Authors: AlAmeer Ahmad Mohammed , Al Shamrani Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cataract is a major complication of uveitis in children that requires timely management to restore good vision and prevent amblyopia. In surgical management of uveitic pediatric cataracts, published literature has shown a variety of clinical factors affecting the final visual outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate and report the clinical outcomes of cataract surgery and contributing factors impacting such outcomes in children with uveitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective case series of all pediatric patients (<18 years) who were diagnosed with uveitis and had cataract surgery at a tertiary eye institutions, between January 2000 and October 2016. Outcomes measures include best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications. Success was defined as BCVA of ≥20/60. Factors related to successful outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS:
The study sample was comprised of 26 patients (39 eyes). The median postoperative follow-up was 6.4 years. At the last follow-up, only 2 eyes had active uveitis, 3 eyes were controlled without medications, and 34 eyes were controlled with systemic or topical medications. At the last follow-up, 64% of eyes had BCVA ≥20/60. Anterior uveitis and postoperative aphakia were two determinants, in statistically significant manner, found to be positively related to clinical success (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Etiology of uveitis and use of preoperative intravenous methylprednisolone were not related to the success of obtaining BCVA ≥20/60 (P = 0.5 and 0.99, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cataract surgery improves the visual function of children with clinically significant uveitic cataracts. In this study, we found diagnosis of anterior uveitis and postoperative aphakia to be associated with better final postoperative visual outcomes.
Clinical profile, treatment, and visual outcome of scleritis
Authors: Magesan Kowsigan , Patnaik Gazal , Majumder Parthopratim Dutta , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical profile of patients with scleritis managed by a single ophthalmologist in a tertiary eye care center.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective analysis of 107 eyes of 96 patients with scleritis from January 2007 to December 2018.

RESULTS:
Female predominance (68%) with a relatively young-onset (46 ± 14 years) of scleritis was observed. Diffuse anterior scleritis (41%) was the most common subtype of scleritis, and the most common systemic association was rheumatoid arthritis (18%). Three-fourth of patients received immunosuppressive treatment (74%) along with corticosteroids. The mean follow-up period was 3 ± 2.5 (range: 0.6–10) years. Necrotizing scleritis was at a 3.5 times higher risk of developing ocular complications. Eighty percent of patients maintained the same vision. Recurrence of scleritis was noted in 25 eyes (23%).

CONCLUSION:
Diffuse scleritis is the most common scleritis in our population. Tuberculosis was commonly seen with diffuse scleritis. The likelihood of developing ocular complications (cataract and glaucoma) was higher in necrotizing scleritis, thus requiring periodic monitorization.
Role of preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography in identifying intraoperative posterior capsular dehiscence in posterior polar cataract
Authors: Sarkar Shreyasi , Das Sayan 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The presence of preoperative posterior capsular dehiscence in posterior polar cataracts (PPCs) increases the chances of intraoperative posterior capsular rent. Our study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to predict intraoperative posterior capsular rupture (PCR) in PPC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an observational study including patients within 25–75 years of age, having PPC, undergoing phacoemulsification. ASOCT was done for evaluating preoperative posterior capsular status and was graded as “intact” or “dehiscent, and eventually ,intraoperative-posterior capsular status was noted.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
SPSS (version 27.0) was used, and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
ASOCT of 44 eyes had 9 (20.5%) dehiscent posterior capsules and 35 (79.5%) intact. Out of these 9 eyes, 7 (77.8%) had intraoperative PCR and 2 (22.2%) did not. Out of these 35, 34 (97.1%) were actually intact intraoperatively and 1 (2.9%) had intraoperative PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of ASOCT for detecting dehiscence were 94.4% and 87.5%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.1 and 77.8, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was 95.45% with a Chi-square value of 27.01 (P < 0.0001). The diagnostic validity of ASOCT grading for detecting preoperative dehiscence was confirmed. The association between intraoperative PCR and preoperative dehiscence was statistically significant (Chi-square test – P < 0.0001). Our objective was established.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
The demographics and clinical parameters were comparable with other studies. Two eyes with preoperative dehiscence on ASOCT had intact posterior capsule during surgery. The cause can be a dense opacity with increased optical density causing an obscured a clear capsule view on ASOCT, an artifact defect, giving a false impression of dehiscence. One eye who had nondehiscent PC on ASOCT was found to have PCR on the table, which can be due to an extremely thin PC or tightly adherent polar opacity to the capsule. According to our study, the diagnostic accuracy of ASOCT for detecting preoperative dehiscence was 94.4% (sensitivity)and of nondehiscence was 87.5%(specificity). 97.1% of eyes with dehiscence on ASOCT, had actual posterior capsular rent (positive predictive value). To conclude, ASOCT can be used as a reliable diagnostic modality.
Evaluation of macular perfusion in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography - Angiography following panretinal photocoagulation
Authors: Shah Shraddha , Venkataraman Anusha , Appaji Abhishek , Prabhushanker Mahalingam , Ganesan Geetha 
Published: May 2024

AIM:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on macular perfusion using optical coherence tomography–angiography (OCT-A) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by assessing the vessel density (VD) and the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), before and after PRP.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Prospective interventional study.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Twenty-nine eyes of 17 patients with PDR underwent a measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and were imaged using OCT and OCT-A at baseline and 6-months of follow-up. Patients received three sittings of PRP using frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The OCT-A variables were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS:
BCVA was unchanged at 6-months follow-up (P = 0.09). FAZ of SCP and DCP (P = 0.28 and 0.89, respectively), VD at foveal SCP (P = 0.08), foveal DCP (P = 0.05), parafoveal SCP (P = 0.13), and parafoveal DCP (P = 0.07) showed no statistically significant difference at 6 months post PRP.

CONCLUSIONS:
OCT-A parameters were not significantly affected by PRP at 6-months follow-up indicating no alteration in macular perfusion. Further analyses with larger samples and longer duration are warranted to confirm our results.