bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Nonhuman Primates against Two Species of Ebola Virus Infection with a Single Complex Adenovirus Vector
Authors: Pratt William D. , Wang Danher , Nichols Donald K. , Luo Min , Woraratanadharm Jan , Dye John M. , Holman David H. , Dong John Y. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Ebola viruses are highly pathogenic viruses that cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. To meet the need for a vaccine against the several types of Ebola viruses that cause human diseases, we developed a multivalent vaccine candidate (EBO7) that expresses the glycoproteins of
Zaire ebolavirus
(ZEBOV) and
Sudan ebolavirus
(SEBOV) in a single complex adenovirus-based vector (CAdVax). We evaluated our vaccine in nonhuman primates against the parenteral and aerosol routes of lethal challenge. EBO7 vaccine provided protection against both Ebola viruses by either route of infection. Significantly, protection against SEBOV given as an aerosol challenge, which has not previously been shown, could be achieved with a boosting vaccination. These results demonstrate the feasibility of creating a robust, multivalent Ebola virus vaccine that would be effective in the event of a natural virus outbreak or biological threat.
Development and Evaluation of a Magnetic Immunochromatographic Test To Detect
Taenia solium
, Which Causes Taeniasis and Neurocysticercosis in Humans
Authors: Handali Sukwan , Klarman Molly , Gaspard Amanda N. , Dong X. Fan , LaBorde Ronald , Noh John , Lee Yeuk-Mui , Rodriguez Silvia , Gonzalez Armando E. , Garcia Hector H. , Gilman Robert H. , Tsang Victor C. W. , Wilkins Patricia P. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Taeniasis/cysticercosis caused by
Taenia solium
is a frequent parasitic infection of the human brain in most of the world. Rapid and simple screening tools to identify taeniasis and cysticercosis cases are needed for control programs, mostly to identify tapeworm carriers which are the source of infection and need to be treated, or as tools for point-of-care case detection or confirmation. These screening assays should be affordable, reliable, rapid, and easy to perform. Immunochromatographic tests meet these criteria. To demonstrate proof of principle, we developed and evaluated two magnetic immunochromatographic tests (MICTs) for detection of human
Taenia solium
taeniasis antibodies (ES33-MICT) and neurocysticercosis antibodies (T24-MICT). These assays detected stage-specific antibodies by using two recombinant proteins, rES33 for detection of taeniasis antibodies and rT24H for detection of cysticercosis antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of the ES33-MICT to detect taeniasis infections were 94.5% and 96%, respectively, and those of the T24-MICT to detect cases of human cysticercosis with two or more viable brain cysts were 93.9% and 98.9%, respectively. These data provide proof of principle that the ES33- and T24-MICTs provide rapid and suitable methods to identify individuals with taeniasis and cysticercosis.
Generation of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV)-Like Particles and Their Application to Detection of MCV Antibodies
Authors: Touzé Antoine , Gaitan Julien , Arnold Françoise , Cazal Raphaël , Fleury Maxime J. , Combelas Nicolas , Sizaret Pierre-Yves , Guyetant Serge , Maruani Annabel , Baay Marc , Tognon Mauro , Coursaget Pierre 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The genome of a new human polyomavirus, known as Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), has recently been reported to be integrated within the cellular DNA of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare human skin cancer. To investigate MCV seroprevalence in the general population, we expressed three different MCV VP1 in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. Viruslike particles (VLPs) were obtained with only one of the three VP1 genes. High-titer antibodies against VP1 VLPs were detected in mice immunized with MCV VLPs, and limited cross-reactivity was observed with BK polyomavirus (BKV) and lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV). MCV antibodies were detected in 77% of the general population, with no variations according to age.
Laboratory and Clinical Characteristics of
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Shah Neel B. , Osmon Douglas R. , Fadel Hind , Patel Robin , Kohner Peggy C. , Steckelberg James M. , Mabry Tad , Berbari Elie F. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus lugdunensis
is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that has several similarities to
Staphylococcus aureus
.
S. lugdunensis
is increasingly being recognized as a cause of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The goal of the present retrospective cohort study was to determine the laboratory and clinical characteristics of
S. lugdunensis
PJIs seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2007. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Wilcoxon sum-rank analysis were used to determine the cumulative incidence of treatment success and assess subset comparisons. There were 28 episodes of
S
.
lugdunensis
PJIs in 22 patients; half of those patients were females. Twenty-five episodes (89%) involved the prosthetic knee, while 3 (11%) involved the hip. Nine patients (32%) had an underlying urogenital abnormality. Among the 28 isolates in this study tested by agar dilution, 24 of 28 (86%) were oxacillin susceptible. Twenty of the 21 tested isolates (95%) lacked
mecA
, and 6 (27%) of the 22 isolates tested produced β-lactamase. The median durations of parenteral β-lactam therapy and vancomycin therapy were 38 days (range, 23 to 42 days) and 39 days (range, 12 to 60 days), respectively. The cumulative incidences of freedom from treatment failure (standard deviations) at 2 years were 92% (±7%) and 76% (±12%) for episodes treated with a parenteral β-lactam and vancomycin, respectively (
P
= 0.015).
S. lugdunensis
is increasingly being recognized as a cause of PJIs. The majority of the isolates lacked
mecA
. Episodes treated with a parenteral β-lactam antibiotic appear to have a more favorable outcome than those treated with parenteral vancomycin.
Pathogenic Strains ofYersinia enterocoliticaIsolated from Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) Belonging to Farmers Are of the Same Subtype as PathogenicY. enterocoliticaStrains Isolated from Humans and May Be a Source of Human Infection in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Wang Xin , Cui Zhigang , Wang Hua , Tang Liuying , Yang Jinchuan , Gu Ling , Jin Dong , Luo Longze , Qiu Haiyan , Xiao Yuchun , Xiong Haiping , Kan Biao , Xu Jianguo , Jing Huaiqi 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWe isolated 326Yersinia enterocoliticastrains from 5,919 specimens from patients with diarrhea at outpatient clinics, livestock, poultry, wild animals, insect vectors, food, and the environment in the cities of Nantong and Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2004 to 2008. The results showed that the 12 pathogenic strains were of the O:3 serotype. Six strains were isolated from domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) belonging to farmers and were found to be the primary carriers of pathogenicY. enterocoliticastrains, especially in Xuzhou. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the pathogenic strains from dogs belonging to farmers showed that they shared the same patterns as strains from diarrhea patients isolated in 1994. This indicates that the strains from domestic dogs have a close correlation with the strains causing human infections.
Molecular Characterization and Prophage DNA Contents of
Streptococcus agalactiae
Strains Isolated from Adult Skin and Osteoarticular Infections
Authors: Salloum Mazen , van der Mee-Marquet Nathalie , Domelier Anne-Sophie , Arnault Laurence , Quentin Roland 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Skin and osteoarticular infections (SKI and OAI, respectively) account for almost one-third of
Streptococcus agalactiae
infections in nonpregnant adults. We evaluated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of 58
S. agalactiae
strains responsible for adult SKI or OAI and of 61
S. agalactiae
strains from cases of adult human colonization (HCol) by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We also assessed the prophage DNA content of the genomes of these strains by a PCR-based method. We found that 63% of SKI and 56% of OAI occurred in people aged 55 years and over. Overall, 71% of SKI strains were of serotype Ia or V, and 91% of OAI strains were of serotype Ia, III, or V. Strains of clonal complexes 1 and 23 (CC1 and CC23) were associated with 79% of SKI cases and 62% of OAI cases. Seven groups of strains, groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, were obtained by performing a hierarchical analysis on the basis of prophage DNA-PCR data. We found that 85% of CC1 strains clustered in DNA prophage group D, the group with the highest prophage DNA content (average, 4.4; average of absolute deviations [AVEDEV], 0.9). The CC23 strains displayed the greatest diversity in prophage DNA fragment content, but 47% of CC23 strains clustered in group B, which also had a high average prophage DNA content per strain (average, 2.3; AVEDEV, 0.6). Many (65%) of the OAI strains were in prophage DNA group D, whereas 83% of the SKI strains were in prophage DNA groups B and D. These data suggest that
S. agalactiae
strains from CC1 and CC23 may be subject to particular transduction mechanisms in gene recombination, rendering them particularly capable of invading the skin, bone, or joints in adults.
Detection of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Women Following Administration of a Single Dose of Nevirapine: Comparison of Plasma RNA to Cellular DNA by Consensus Sequencing and by Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay
Authors: Wagner Thor A. , Kress Catherine M. , Beck Ingrid , Techapornroong Malee , Wittayapraparat Pakorn , Tansuphasawasdikul Somboon , Jourdain Gonzague , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Lallemant Marc , Frenkel Lisa M. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

A single dose of nevirapine (sdNVP) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 increases the risk of failure of subsequent NVP-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially when initiated within 6 months of sdNVP administration, emphasizing the importance of understanding the decay of nevirapine-resistant mutants. Nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 genotypes (with the mutations K103N, Y181C, and/or G190A) from 21 women were evaluated 10 days and 6 weeks after sdNVP administration and at the initiation of ART. Resistance was assayed by consensus sequencing and by a more sensitive assay (oligonucleotide ligation assay [OLA]) using plasma-derived HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA. OLA detected nevirapine resistance in more specimens than consensus sequencing did (63% versus 33%,
P
< 0.01). When resistance was detected only by OLA (
n
= 45), the median mutant concentration was 18%, compared to 61% when detected by both sequencing and OLA (
n
= 51) (
P
< 0.0001). The proportion of women whose nevirapine resistance was detected by OLA 10 days after sdNVP administration was higher when we tested their HIV-1 RNA (95%) than when we tested their HIV-1 DNA (88%), whereas at 6 weeks after sdNVP therapy, the proportion was greater with DNA (85%) than with RNA (67%) and remained higher with DNA (33%) than with RNA (11%) at the initiation of antiretroviral treatment (median, 45 weeks after sdNVP therapy). Fourteen women started NVP-ART more than 6 months after sdNVP therapy; resistance was detected by OLA in 14% of the women but only in their DNA. HIV-1 resistance to NVP following sdNVP therapy persists longer in cellular DNA than in plasma RNA, as determined by a sensitive assay using sufficient copies of virus, suggesting that DNA may be superior to RNA for detecting resistance at the initiation of ART.
Rapid and Reliable Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Differentiation ofBrucellaLive Vaccine Strains from Field Strains
Authors: Gopaul Krishna K. , Sells Jessica , Bricker Betsy J. , Crasta Oswald R. , Whatmore Adrian M. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe reliable differentiation of liveBrucellavaccine strains from field isolates is an important element in brucellosis control programs. We describe the design, validation, and implementation of a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing platform that offers a rapid, reliable, and robust tool to achieve this with improved diagnostic accuracy compared to existing molecular tests. Furthermore, the assays described are designed such that they supplement, and can be run as an intrinsic part of, a previously described assay identifyingBrucellaisolates to the species level (K. K. Gopaul, C. J. Smith, M. S. Koylass, and A. M. Whatmore, BMC Microbiol. 8:86), giving a comprehensive molecular typing platform.
Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Using Archival Vulval Dysplastic or Neoplastic Biopsy Tissues: Comparison between the INNO-LiPA and Linear Array Assays
Authors: Tan Sarah E. , Garland Suzanne M. , Rumbold Alice R. , Tabrizi Sepehr N. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The Roche Linear Array (LA) and Innogenetics INNO-LiPA human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays were compared for paraffin-embedded vulval tissues. The LA detected amplifiable DNA in 28 (57%) out of 49 biopsy specimens, 20 (40%) being HPV genotyped, compared to 49 (100%) and 41 (83%), respectively, detected by the INNO-LiPA. The INNO-LiPA provides greater sensitivity for HPV genotyping in archival tissue.
Direct Culture-Independent Strain Typing of
Burkholderia cepacia
Complex in Sputum Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Drevinek Pavel , Vosahlikova Sarka , Dedeckova Klara , Cinek Ondrej , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

We examined if multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a method for genotyping and species identification of
Burkholderia cepacia
complex bacteria, could be applied directly to cystic fibrosis sputum. The redesigned nested-PCR MLST format was successfully used to accurately identify strains in 23 sputum samples, of which 8 were culture negative.
Detection of HIV-1 at between 20 and 49 Copies per Milliliter by the Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 Assay Is Associated with Higher Pretherapy Viral Load and Less Time on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Pascual-Pareja José F. , Martínez-Prats Lorena , Luczkowiak Joanna , Fiorante Silvana , Rubio Rafael , Pulido Federico , Otero Joaquín R. , Delgado Rafael 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
New commercial techniques for determination of the viral load (VL) in plasma are able to detect as few as 20 copies of HIV-1 RNA/ml. The relevance of this new technical threshold is uncertain. Upon multivariate analysis, factors associated with detection of VLs between 20 and 49 copies/ml by the Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 assay in an HIV clinic were the basal VL and time on antiretroviral therapy.
Novel Duplex Real-Time PCR Assay Detects
Bordetella holmesii
in Specimens from Patients with Pertussis-Like Symptoms in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Guthrie J. L. , Robertson A. V. , Tang P. , Jamieson F. , Drews S. J. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Bordetella holmesii
is a human pathogen found mainly in immunocompromised patients. A specific real-time PCR assay was developed and successfully used to identify specimens from which
B. holmesii
was misidentified as
Bordetella pertussis
and to establish the prevalence of
B. holmesii
in Ontario patients with pertussis-like symptoms.
Incidence of
Acinetobacter
Species Other than
A. baumannii
among Clinical Isolates of
Acinetobacter
: Evidence for Emerging Species
Authors: Turton Jane F. , Shah Jayesh , Ozongwu Chika , Pike Rachel 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Six hundred ninety nonduplicate isolates of
Acinetobacter
species were identified using a combination of detection of
bla
OXA-51-like
and
rpoB
sequence cluster analysis. Although most isolates were identified as
A. baumannii
(78%), significant numbers of other species, particularly
A. lwoffii
/genomic species 9 (8.8%),
A. ursingii
(4%), genomic species 3 (1.7%), and
A. johnsonii
(1.7%), were received, often associated with bacteremias.
Abl Family Tyrosine Kinases Regulate Sialylated Ganglioside Receptors for Polyomavirus
Authors: Swimm Alyson I. , Bornmann William , Jiang Mengxi , Imperiale Michael J. , Lukacher Aron E. , Kalman Daniel 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTSialylated lipids serve as cellular receptors for polyomaviruses. Using pharmacological inhibitors and cell lines derived from knockout mice, we demonstrate that Abl family tyrosine kinases are required for replication of mouse polyomavirus and BK virus, a human polyomavirus associated with allograft failure following kidney transplantation. We show that decreasing Abl family kinase activity results in low levels of cell surface ganglioside receptors for mouse polyomavirus and that inhibition of sialidase activity promotes virion binding in the absence of Abl family kinase activity. These data provide evidence that Abl family kinases reduce ganglioside turnover in the plasma membrane by inhibiting host cell sialidase activity. Thus, Abl family kinases regulate the susceptibility of cells to polyomavirus infection by modulating gangliosides required for viral attachment.
Cyclosporine Blocks Incorporation of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein into Virions
Authors: Sokolskaja Elena , Olivari Silvia , Zufferey Madeleine , Strambio-De-Castillia Caterina , Pizzato Massimo , Luban Jeremy 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
Cyclosporine (CsA) decreases HIV-1 infectivity by blocking HIV-1 capsid (CA) interaction with target cell cyclophilin A (CypA). Yet, HIV-1 virions produced in the presence of CsA also exhibit decreased infectivity that was previously shown to be independent of the well-characterized HIV-1 CA-CypA interaction. Here, we demonstrate that CsA decreases gp120 and gp41 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and that the fusion of these virions with susceptible target cells is impaired. This effect was not observed with HIV-1 virions pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein or with the amphotropic envelope protein of murine leukemia virus. It was independent of calcineurin signaling, the endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein cyclophilin B, and the long cytoplasmic tail of gp41. Thus, cyclosporine blocks HIV-1 infectivity via two independent mechanisms, the first involving HIV-1 CA in target cells and the second involving HIV-1 Env in producer cells.
Assembly and Biological and Immunological Properties of Newcastle Disease Virus-Like Particles
Authors: McGinnes Lori W. , Pantua Homer , Laliberte Jason P. , Gravel Kathryn A. , Jain Surbhi , Morrison Trudy G. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
Virus-like particles (VLPs) released from avian cells expressing the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AV proteins NP, M, HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase), and F were characterized. The VLP-associated HN and F glycoproteins directed the attachment of VLPs to cell surfaces and fusion of VLP membranes with red blood cell membranes, indicating that they were assembled into VLPs in an authentic conformation. These particles were quantitatively prepared and used as an immunogen, without adjuvant, in BALB/c mice. The resulting immune responses, detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), virus neutralization, and intracellular cytokine staining, were comparable to the responses to equivalent amounts of inactivated NDV vaccine virus. HN and F proteins from another strain of NDV, strain B1, could be incorporated into these VLPs. Foreign peptides were incorporated into these VLPs when fused to the NP or HN protein. The ectodomain of a foreign glycoprotein, the Nipah virus G protein, fused to the NDV HN protein cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains was incorporated into ND VLPs. Thus, ND VLPs are a potential NDV vaccine candidate. They may also serve as a platform to construct vaccines for other pathogens.
The Length of and Nonhydrophobic Residues in the Transmembrane Domain of Dengue Virus Envelope Protein Are Critical for Its Retention and Assembly in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Hsieh Szu-Chia , Tsai Wen-Yang , Wang Wei-Kung 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The morphogenesis of many enveloped viruses, in which viral nucleocapsid complex interacts with envelope (E) protein, is known to take place at various sites along the secretory pathway. How viral E protein retains in a particular intracellular organelle for assembly remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated determinants in the E protein of dengue virus (DENV) for its retention and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A chimeric experiment between CD4 and DENV precursor membrane/E constructs suggested that the transmembrane domain (TMD) of E protein contains an ER retention signal. Substitutions of three nonhydrophobic residues at the N terminus of the first helix (T1) and at either the N or C terminus of the second helix of the TMD with three hydrophobic residues, as well as an increase in the length of T1, led to the release of chimeric CD4 and E protein from the ER, suggesting that short length and certain nonhydrophobic residues of the TMD are critical for ER retention. The analysis of enveloped viruses assembled at the plasma membrane and of those assembled in the Golgi complex and ER revealed a trend of decreasing length and increasing nonhydrophobic residues of the TMD of E proteins. Taken together, these findings support a TMD-dependent sorting for viral E proteins along the secretory pathway. Moreover, similar mutations introduced into the TMD of DENV E protein resulted in the increased production of virus-like particles (VLPs), suggesting that modifications of TMD facilitate VLP production and have implications for utilizing flaviviral VLPs as serodiagnostic antigens and vaccine candidates.
Identification of a Dominant Negative Inhibitor of Human Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Reveals a Functional Endogenous Pool and Critical Homotypic Interactions
Authors: Law Lok Man J. , Albin Owen R. , Carroll John-William N. , Jones Christopher T. , Rice Charles M. , MacDonald Margaret R. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a host factor with potent antiviral activity when overexpressed in cells. ZAP blocks replication of the prototype alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) at a step at or before translation of the incoming viral genome. The mechanism of ZAP anti-SINV activity and the determinants of its antiviral function, however, have not been defined. Here, we have identified a dominant negative inhibitor of human ZAP. Rat ZAP with a cysteine-to-arginine mutation at position 88 (rZAPC88R), previously reported as a nonfunctional form of ZAP, increases SINV growth in cells. These results led us to discover a previously undetectable pool of endogenous functional ZAP within human cells. Investigation of the mechanism of dominant negative inhibition, combined with a comprehensive mutational analysis of the antiviral factor, revealed that homotypic associations are required for ZAP function in limiting SINV propagation.