bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototriggered In‐Situ Generation of Triethylborane for Polymer Synthesis Under Air
Authors: Lalevée Jacques , Povie Guillaume , Tehfe Mohamad Ali , Telitel Sofia , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Fouassier Jean Pierre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUpon demand, 1,3‐diamino‐propane‐triethylborane (DAPTB) is photolyzed in the presence of an acid generator such as a diphenyliodonium salt. Interestingly, triethylborane is released. In the presence of oxygen, ethyl radicals are generated and initiate an acrylate polymerization. This is the first example of a phototriggered production of a triethylborane usable in the photoinitiation of acrylate polymerizations. This approach is also worthwhile to overcome the oxygen inhibition for free‐radical polymerization processes.
Multiple system atrophy–parkinsonism with slow progression and prolonged survival: A diagnostic catch
Authors: Petrovic Igor N. , Ling Helen , Asi Yasmine , Ahmed Zeshan , Kukkle Prashanth L. , Hazrati Lili‐Naz , Lang Anthony E. , Revesz Tamas , Holton Janice L. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to severe physical impairment, with a disease duration from onset to death of 6–9 years.Methods:The clinical and neuropathological features of 4 MSA cases with disease duration of 15 years or more were analyzed.Results:All patients presented with parkinsonism and had a mean latency of 11 years before the development of dysautonomia. Mean duration from onset of first symptoms to anterocollis, inspiratory stridor, and dysphagia was 9 years. Despite the limited levodopa response, all patients developed levodopa‐induced dyskinesia.Conclusions:Late appearance of dysautonomia is a favorable prognostic factor in MSA‐P. Greater awareness of this uncommon “benign” subgroup of MSA will improve diagnostic accuracy and help to more accurately inform treatment options. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Axonal regeneration and motor neuron survival after microsurgical nerve reconstruction
Authors: Fox Ida K. , Brenner Michael J. , Johnson Philip J. , Hunter Daniel A. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRodent models are used extensively for studying nerve regeneration, but little is known about how sprouting and pruning influence peripheral nerve fiber counts and motor neuron pools. The purpose of this study was to identify fluctuations in nerve regeneration and neuronal survival over time. One hundred and forty‐four Lewis rats were randomized to end‐to‐end repair or nerve grafting (1.5 cm graft) after sciatic nerve transection. Quantitative histomorphometry and retrograde labeling of motor neurons were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months and supplemented by electron microscopy. Fiber counts and motor neuron counts increased between 1 and 3 months, followed by plateau. End‐to‐end repair resulted in persistently higher fiber counts compared to the grafting for all time points (P < 0.05). Percent neural tissue and myelin width increased with time while fibrin debris dissipated. In conclusion, these data detail the natural history of regeneration and demonstrate that overall fiber counts may remain stable despite pruning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Simultaneous generation of WDM RoF signals in an all‐optical frequency upconverter utilizing a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Kim Hyoung‐Jun , Song Jong‐In 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAll‐optical frequency upconversion utilizing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is experimentally demonstrated. Eight optical radiofrequency (RF) signals having the RF frequency of 26.5 GHz are simultaneously generated by four‐wave mixing in the SOA. Power penalties for simultaneous generation of eight optical RF signals are less than 1.1 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2420–2422, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27048
Manipulating microsized coupling gaps for reconfigurable antenna applications
Authors: Whittow William G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSynthetically arranged microlines (width ≤ 1mm) have been considered for antennas and radiating structures at microwave frequencies. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations show how the electrical size of the structure and multiple resonances can be controlled by carefully introducing microsized gaps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2444–2445, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27059
Study of a compact ring monopole UWB antenna with band‐notched characteristic
Authors: Yang M. K. , Gao G.P. , Niu S. F. , Zhang J. S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, a printed ring shaped monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with band‐notched feature is presented and investigated. To get the band‐notched characteristic, a quarter wavelength tuning stub is embedded into the ring radiator. The measured results show that the proposed antenna meets the requirement of wide working bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with VSWR < 2, while avoiding the interference with the wireless local area network band (5.150–5.825 GHz). The transfer function (amplitude of S21/group delay) and time domain characteristic (fidelity/power spectrum density) are also studied in this article. The proposed antenna has a compact size, good radiation characteristics, ultrawide bandwidth, and good time‐domain behaviors to satisfy the requirement of the current wireless communications systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2387–2392, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27067
A new compact multiband antenna for stroke diagnosis system over 0.5–3 GHz
Authors: Abtahi Shirin , Yang Jian , Kidborg Stefan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present a new compact multiband antenna for stroke diagnosis systems over 0.5–3 GHz—the miniaturized self‐grounded Bow‐Tie antenna in a compact water‐filled cylindrical bolus. A prototype of the antenna has been manufactured. Simulated and measured results have shown a low reflection coefficient, directional radiation characteristic, and a low radiation leakage‐out ratio of the antenna. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2342–2346, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27073
Relative humidity sensor based on polarization maintaining fiber loop mirror with polymer coating
Authors: Liang Houhui , Jin Yongxing , Wang Jianfeng , Dong Xinyong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA relative humidity sensor based on polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) loop mirror is presented. The proposed sensors are created through coating a thin layer of polyvinyl alcohol, whose refractive index varies as a function of humidity level, onto a PMF, from which a portion of the cladding is removed. The relative humidity optical fiber sensor is tested with different surrounding humidity level, showing a linear response to parameter. The sensitivity of the relative humidity measurement of 0.98 nm/%RH in the range from 20% to 85% RH is experimentally achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2364–2366, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27085
Compact wideband circle ring resonator band‐pass filter with two tuning stubs
Authors: La Dong‐Sheng , Ma Xue‐Lian , Chen Hai‐Yan , Wu Ya‐Ping , Zhang Jin‐ling 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article presents a new compact, sharp‐rejection, wideband microstrip band‐pass filter.The novel wideband band‐pass filter is based on the circle ring resonator using two tuning stubs to construct a wideband passband with two sharp stop‐bands. Without coupling gaps between feed lines and rings, there are no mismatches and radiation losses between them and the novel filter shows low insertion loss. Using circle ring resonator with two tuning stubs, the proposed band‐pass filter has two sharp stop‐bands. The proposed band‐pass filter has compact size and simple structure. The proposed band‐pass filter is fabricated and measured. The measured results prove to be largely consistent with the simulated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2270–2272, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27091
The power and Arnoldi methods in an algebra of circulants
Authors: Gleich David F. , Greif Chen , Varah James M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYCirculant matrices play a central role in a recently proposed formulation of three‐way data computations. In this setting, a three‐way table corresponds to a matrix where each ‘scalar’ is a vector of parameters defining a circulant. This interpretation provides many generalizations of results from matrix or vector‐space algebra. These results and algorithms are closely related to standard decoupling techniques on block‐circulant matrices using the fast Fourier transform. We derive the power and Arnoldi methods in this algebra. In the course of our derivation, we define inner products, norms, and other notions. These extensions are straightforward in an algebraic sense, but the implications are dramatically different from the standard matrix case. For example, the number of eigenpairs may exceed the dimension of the matrix, although it is still polynomial in it. It is thus necessary to take an extra step and carefully select a smaller, canonical set of size equal to the dimension of the matrix from which all possible eigenpairs can be formed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantized feedback fault‐tolerant H ∞  controller design for linear systems with adaptive mechanism
Authors: Ye Dan , Zhao Xingang , Han Jianda 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the design problem of fault‐tolerant H ∞  controller for linear systems with state quantization. By combining linear matrix inequality technique and indirect adaptive method, a new method is proposed to design a fault‐tolerant controller against actuator faults via quantized state feedback. The controller gains are updating according to the online estimation of eventual faults, which are dependent on the quantized state signals. Meanwhile, the proposed designs conditions with variable gains can be proved to be less conservative than those of the traditional controller with fixed gains. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermomechanical behavior of polymer/layered silicate clay nanocomposites based on unmodified low density polyethylene
Authors: Grigoriadi K. , Giannakas A. , Ladavos A. , Barkoula N.‐M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of filler content and aspect ratio on the thermomechanical behavior of unmodified low density polyethylene (LDPE)‐based layered silicate clay nanocomposites. LDPE‐based nanocomposites, without any polymer modification and with two kinds of clays, one with low aspect ratio (i.e., synthetic laponite ‐Lp) and another with high aspect ratio (i.e., montmorillonite) were prepared and characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Organosilicates were added at 2, 5 and 10 wt%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on composites obtained by dispersing the organosilicates in unmodified LDPE. The LPDE reinforced with organo‐montmorillonite (OMt) had better performance in the whole temperature range than those with organo‐laponite (OLp). It was concluded that the relatively high aspect ratio OMt can induce superior dynamic mechanical properties to the LDPE polymer compared to lower aspect ratio OLp. This was linked to the higher active surface area and preferential orientation of longer platelets resulting in higher mechanical enhancement. This behavior was more pronounced up to filler contents of 5 wt%. Further increase of the filler content led to more conventional composites, which hindered the reinforcing ability of the silicates. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
An acceptor‐acceptor conjugated copolymer based on perylene diimide for high mobility n‐channel transistor in air
Authors: Zhao Xingang , Wen Yugeng , Ren Longbin , Ma Lanchao , Liu Yunqi , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new solution‐processable acceptor‐acceptor conjugated copolymer (P1) based on perylene diimide (PDI) incorporating planar electron‐deficient fluorenone was synthesized by palladium(0)‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. Relative to the donor‐acceptor conjugated copolymer (P2) of PDI and dithienothiophene, polymer P1 exhibits 0.1 eV down shift of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, 70 nm blue shift of low‐energy absorption band, and 0.36 eV increase of optical band gap. Polymer P1 in top‐contact bottom‐gate organic field‐effect transistors exhibits a saturation electron mobility of 0.01 cm2/(V s) in air, while P2 does not function in the same device in air. The better air stability of P1 is attributed to a more dense packing of the polymer chains excluding oxygen or water and lower LUMO level of P1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The human fetal lung Xenograft: Validation as model of microvascular remodeling in the postglandular lung
Authors: De Paepe Monique E. , Chu Sharon , Hall Susan , Heger Nicholas E. , Thanos Chris , Mao Quanfu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundCoordinated remodeling of epithelium and vasculature is essential for normal postglandular lung development. The value of the human‐to‐rodent lung xenograft as model of fetal microvascular development remains poorly defined.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the fate of the endogenous (human‐derived) microvasculature in fetal lung xenografts.MethodsLung tissues were obtained from spontaneous pregnancy losses (14–22 weeks' gestation) and implanted in the renal subcapsular or dorsal subcutaneous space of SCID‐beige mice (T, B, and NK‐cell‐deficient) and/or nude rats (T‐cell‐deficient). Informed parental consent was obtained. Lung morphogenesis, microvascular angiogenesis, and epithelial differentiation were assessed at 2 and 4 weeks post‐transplantation by light microscopy, immunohistochemical, and gene expression studies. Archival age‐matched postmortem lungs served as control.ResultsThe vascular morphology, density, and proliferation of renal subcapsular grafts in SCID‐beige mice were similar to age‐matched control lungs, with preservation of the physiologic association between epithelium and vasculature. The microvasculature of subcutaneous grafts in SCID‐beige mice was underdeveloped and dysmorphic, associated with significantly lower VEGF, endoglin, and angiopoietin‐2 mRNA expression than renal grafts. Grafts at both sites displayed mild airspace dysplasia. Renal subcapsular grafts in nude rats showed frequent infiltration by host lymphocytes and obliterating bronchiolitis‐like changes, associated with markedly decreased endogenous angiogenesis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the critical importance of host and site selection to ensure optimal xenograft development. When transplanted to severely immune suppressed, NK‐cell‐deficient hosts and engrafted in the renal subcapsular site, the human‐to‐rodent fetal lung xenograft provides a valid model of postglandular microvascular lung remodeling. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1192–1203. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First Synthesis of Benzotrifuroxan at Low Temperature: Unexpected Behavior of 5,7‐Dichloro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzo‐furoxan with Sodium Azide
Authors: Chugunova Elena A. , Timasheva Rezeda E. , Gibadullina Elmira M. , Burilov Alexander R. , Goumont Regis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAttempts to prepare 5‐chloro‐6‐nitrobenzodifuroxan from the reaction of 5,7‐dichloro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan with sodium azide have failed and, surprisingly, the formation of the powerful hydrogen‐free explosive – benzotrifuroxan (BTF) through spontaneous cyclization at 0 °C was observed (yield: 75 %). Importantly, BTF was synthesized avoiding the isolation and the heating of the hazardous intermediate trinitro‐triazidobenzene. The structure of BTF was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and melting point measurement.
A novel fitting method for evaluating the thermal quenching parameters of TL with an application to undoped CVD diamond
Authors: Chernov Valery , Chernov Grigory , Meléndrez Rodrigo , Pedroza‐Montero Martín , Barboza‐Flores Marcelino 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere are a number of thermoluminescence (TL) phosphors (and CVD diamond among of them), for which the integrated TL response decreases with the increasing of the heating rate. This effect relates to the thermal quenching (TQ) of luminescence caused by the increasing the non‐radiative recombination with the temperature increasing. In this work we present a new fitting method of evaluation the TQ parameters from a series of experimental TL glow curves recorded with variable heating rates. The method is simple, fast and effective. It quite general and can be applied to any series of TL glow curves consisting of several overlapped peaks and does not assume a particular type of TL kinetics. The only limitation of the method is that the end temperature of heating must be enough to ensure full readout of the analyzed TL peaks for all heating rates. The proposed method was applied to a series of TL glow curves measured with the heating rates from 0.1 to 17 K/s for the undoped CVD diamond film. The evaluated TQ parameters were found to be: an activation energy of 0.37 eV and a dimensionless constant of 3.7 × 103.
Spin‐seeding approach for diamond growth on large area silicon‐wafer substrates
Authors: Tsigkourakos Menelaos , Hantschel Thomas , Janssens Stoffel D. , Haenen Ken , Vandervorst Wilfried 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe growth of polycrystalline diamond by chemical vapor deposition requires a substrate pre‐treatment in order to achieve thin, high‐quality, and pore‐free diamond layers. Seeding the substrate by immersing it into a nanodiamond (ND) dispersion is most commonly used today, since it yields a high‐density seed layer (>1011 cm−2) and leads to a thin closed polycrystalline diamond film. Nevertheless, in a nanoelectronics fabrication facility it would be advantageous to use spinning for seeding the substrate as it is already well established for resist coating and spray etching. Additionally, each wafer would use a fresh and limited amount of seeding dispersion which will not be contaminated due to a certain number of immersion‐seeding runs. Therefore, we carried out a detailed study of the spin‐seeding technique in terms of seed density and its impact on diamond layer quality. Our work shows that by the spin‐seeding approach, homogeneous seed layers with a seeding density up to 5 × 1010 cm−2 can be obtained on both 100 and 200 mm silicon wafers using 5 and 20 mL of a colloidal dispersion, respectively. ND dispersed in water +10% (v/v) ethanol gave the best results in terms of seeding density and wetting of the substrate surface.
A density functional theory investigation on the formation mechanisms of DNA interstrand crosslinks induced by chloroethylnitrosoureas
Authors: Zhao Li‐Jiao , Ma Xin‐Yan , Zhong Ru‐Gang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) are an important family of alkylating agents used in the clinical treatment of cancer. Their anticancer mechanism primarily involves the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by the chloroethyldiazonium ion derived from the decomposition of CENUs. In this work, the mechanism for the formation of ICLs was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP, wB97XD, and M062X functinoals using conductor‐like polarizable continuum model solvent model. Three pathways leading to the formation of three types of G–C crosslinks were compared. G(N1)–C(N3) crosslink is predicted to be the dominant crosslinking product other than G(O6)–C(N4) and G(N2)–C(O2) crosslinks, which is consistent with the previous results obtained from QM/MM computations. The results indicate that the formation of the G(N1)–C(N3) crosslink via pathway A is the most favorable mechanism from both kinetic and thermodynamic standpoints. In this pathway, the chloroethyldiazonium ion alkylates guanine on the O6 site followed by intramolecular cyclization to form O6,N1‐ethanoguanine (4). The cytosine then reacts with intermediate 4 on the Cα atom to yield the G(N1)–C(N3) crosslink. This work provides reasonable explanations for the supposed mechanism of CENUs‐induced ICLs formation obtained from experimental investigations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatase (100) thin film surface computational model for photoelectrochemical cell
Authors: Jensen Stephanie , Kilin Dmitri 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing computational approaches, one is able to better understand electron transfer and specific atomistic behaviors in semiconductor materials; it is also more cost and time effective than experimental methods. If computed semiconductor characteristics show promise, experimentalists can synthesize and further examine the structure. Specifically, doping TiO2 thin film surfaces with platinum and ruthenium have shown great promise for efficient H2 production and is beneficial in comparison to other materials such as the pure silicon used for most of today's solar cells. In computational studies, TiO2 anatase thin film (100) surfaces are doped with platinum and ruthenium. The formulas used are Pt2Ti32O72H16 or Ru2Ti32O72H16 with the (100) crystallographic surface exposed and covered with a monolayer of water. Optimization is completed by density functional theory and Perdue Burke Ernzerhof, (PBE) in Vienna Ab‐initio simulation package (VASP) software. The density of states, absorption spectra, and partial charge densities are compared between slabs doped by the two elements as well as Ti32 O72H16 with no dopant as a standard for reference. The information can be used to show the mechanism of how doping the titanium dioxide nanocrystals facilitates photoinduced charge transfer at the surfaces, which is useful in understanding photoelectrochemical water splitting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass spectrometric analysis of novel phosphorylation sites in the TRPC4β channel
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Song Min‐Young , Shin Seok Kyo , Bae Seong Han , Park Kang‐Sik 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEThe transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel 4β is a non‐selective cation channel that is regulated by intracellular Ca2+ and G protein‐coupled receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation of TRPC4β is important in mediating the activity and membrane expression of this channel protein. However, studies of TRPC4β Ser/Thr phosphorylation are lacking.METHODSTo investigate the phosphorylation sites involved in regulating the diverse functions of TRPC4β in mammalian cells, we used nano‐liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to identify key phosphorylation sites in TRPC4β that was immunopurified from HEK293 cells with monoclonal anti‐TRPC4β antibody.RESULTSWe identified four phosphorylation sites in the C‐terminus of TRPC4β, none of which had been previously reported. Our data show that TRPC4β in mammalian cells is highly phosphorylated under basal conditions at multiple sites, and that a mass spectrometric proteomic technique combined with antibody‐based affinity purification is an effective approach to define the phosphorylation sites of TRPC4β channels in mammalian cells.CONCLUSIONSThese novel phosphorylation sites on TRPC4β may play a potential role in the phosphorylation‐mediated regulation of TRPC4β channel activity and function in mammalian cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.