bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Higher Order Aberrations After LASIK and LASEK for Myopia
Authors: McAlinden Colm , Moore Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2010

PURPOSE:
To compare the change in higher order aberrations (HOAs) after LASIK and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).

METHODS:
This prospective comparative study measured HOAs preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively in 65 eyes (41 patients) that underwent LASIK and 65 eyes (50 patients) that underwent LASEK. Preoperative refraction was limited to myopia up to −5.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism ⩽−0.75 D. Patients were matched for age, manifest refraction, and HOAs. All procedures were wavefront-guided using the VISX S4 Star excimer laser (Abbott Medical Optics). Laser in situ keratomileusis flap creation was performed with a Moria ONE Use-Plus disposable microkeratome creating a nasal hinge. Laser epithelial keratomileusis flap creation was performed with 18% v/v unpreserved ethanol instilled for 40 seconds. The epithelium was displaced with an epi-peeler, creating a 6- to 8-mm superior hinge. Higher order aberrations were measured with the NIDEK OPD-Scan II.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant (
P
<.05) changes in five Zernike polynomial terms following LASIK (

Z

4

-
4

,

Z

4
0

,

Z

4
4

,

Z

5

-
3

,

Z

6
0

) were noted. There was a decrease in Zernike term

Z

5

-
3

and increases in the remaining four Zernike terms. Statistically significant changes in five Zernike polynomial terms following LASEK (

Z

3

-
1

,

Z

4
0

,

Z

5

-
5

,

Z

5

-
1

,

Z

6
0

) were noted. There was a decrease in Zernike term

Z

3

-
1

and increases in the remaining four Zernike terms.

CONCLUSIONS:

Wavefront-guided LASIK and LASEK caused increases in spherical aberration, with LASIK additionally causing increases in two fourth order HOAs and LASEK additionally causing increases to two fifth order HOAs. As the same laser treatment was applied, it is presumed that the differences relate to the method of flap creation. [
J Refract Surg.
2010;26:45–51.]
An LFA-1 (αLβ2) Small-Molecule Antagonist Reduces Inflammation and Joint Destruction in Murine Models of Arthritis
Authors: Suchard Suzanne J. , Stetsko Dawn K. , Davis Patricia M. , Skala Stacey , Potin Dominique , Launay Michele , Dhar T. G. Murali , Barrish Joel C. , Susulic Vojkan , Shuster David J. , McIntyre Kim W. , McKinnon Murray , Salter-Cid Luisa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLFA-1 appears to play a central role in normal immune responses to foreign Ags. In autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, there is increased expression of LFA-1 and/or its counterligand, ICAM-1. Others have demonstrated that the targeted disruption of LFA-1:ICAM interactions, either by gene deletion or Ab treatment in mice, results in reduced leukocyte trafficking, inflammatory responses, and inhibition of inflammatory arthritis in the K/BxN serum transfer model. However, there has been little success in finding a small-molecule LFA-1 antagonist that can similarly impact rodent models of arthritis. In this paper, we present the first reported example of an LFA-1 small-molecule antagonist, BMS-587101, that is efficacious in preclinical disease models. In vitro, BMS-587101 inhibited LFA-1–mediated adhesion of T cells to endothelial cells, T cell proliferation, and Th1 cytokine production. Because BMS-587101 exhibits in vitro potency, cross-reactivity, and oral bioavailability in rodents, we evaluated the impact of oral administration of this compound in two different models of arthritis: Ab-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. Significant impact of BMS-587101 on clinical score in both models was observed, with inhibition comparable or better than anti-mouse LFA-1 Ab. In addition, BMS-587101 significantly reduced cytokine mRNA levels in the joints of Ab-induced arthritis animals as compared with those receiving vehicle alone. In paws taken from the collagen-induced arthritis study, the bones of vehicle-treated mice had extensive inflammation and bone destruction, whereas treatment with BMS-587101 resulted in marked protection. These findings support the potential use of an LFA-1 small-molecule antagonist in rheumatoid arthritis, with the capacity for disease modification.
Activation of Mast Cells by Trimeric G Protein Gi3; Coupling to the A3 Adenosine Receptor Directly and upon T Cell Contact
Authors: Baram Dana , Dekel Ornit , Mekori Yoseph A. , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Mast cells are key players in mediating and amplifying allergic and inflammatory reactions. Previously, we identified the G-protein, Gi3, as the cellular target of receptor mimetic basic secretagogues that activate mast cell independently of IgE. In this study, we demonstrate that Gi3 is the cellular target of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3R), a G-protein coupled receptor involved in inflammation and the pathophysiology of asthma. By using a cell permeable peptide comprising the C-terminal end of Gαi3 fused to an importation sequence (ALL1) as a selective inhibitor of Gi3 signaling, we show that by coupling to Gi3, the A3R stimulates multiple signaling pathways in human mast cells, leading to upregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We further show that after contact with activated T cell membranes, endogenous adenosine binds to and activates the A3R, resulting in Gi3-mediated signaling. Specifically, the majority of ERK1/2 signaling initiated by contact with activated T cell membranes, is mediated by Gi3, giving rise to ALL1-inhibitable cellular responses. These results unveil the physiological G-protein coupled receptor that couples to Gi3 and establish the important role played by this G-protein in inflammatory conditions that involve adenosine-activated mast cells.
Loss of T Cell and B Cell Quiescence Precedes the Onset of Microbial Flora-Dependent Wasting Disease and Intestinal Inflammation in Gimap5-Deficient Mice
Authors: Barnes Michael J. , Aksoylar Halil , Krebs Philippe , Bourdeau Tristan , Arnold Carrie N. , Xia Yu , Khovananth Kevin , Engel Isaac , Sovath Sosathya , Lampe Kristin , Laws Eleana , Saunders Amy , Butcher Geoffrey W. , Kronenberg Mitchell , Steinbrecher Kris , Hildeman David , Grimes H. Leighton , Beutler Bruce , Hoebe Kasper 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Homeostatic control of the immune system involves mechanisms that ensure the self-tolerance, survival and quiescence of hematopoietic-derived cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the GTPase of immunity associated protein (Gimap)5 regulates these processes in lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. As a consequence of a recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea–induced germline mutation in the P-loop of Gimap5, lymphopenia, hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis, weight loss, and intestinal inflammation occur in homozygous mutant mice. Irradiated fetal liver chimeric mice reconstituted with Gimap5-deficient cells lose weight and become lymphopenic, demonstrating a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic function for Gimap5. Although Gimap5-deficient CD4+ T cells and B cells appear to undergo normal development, they fail to proliferate upon Ag-receptor stimulation although NF-κB, MAP kinase and Akt activation occur normally. In addition, in Gimap5-deficient mice, CD4+ T cells adopt a CD44highCD62LlowCD69low phenotype and show reduced IL-7rα expression, and T-dependent and T-independent B cell responses are abrogated. Thus, Gimap5-deficiency affects a noncanonical signaling pathway required for Ag-receptor–induced proliferation and lymphocyte quiescence. Antibiotic-treatment or the adoptive transfer of Rag-sufficient splenocytes ameliorates intestinal inflammation and weight loss, suggesting that immune responses triggered by microbial flora causes the morbidity in Gimap5-deficient mice. These data establish Gimap5 as a key regulator of hematopoietic integrity and lymphocyte homeostasis.
Expression of the Autoimmune Susceptibility Gene FcRL3 on Human Regulatory T Cells Is Associated with Dysfunction and High Levels of Programmed Cell Death-1
Authors: Swainson Louise A. , Mold Jeff E. , Bajpai Urmila D. , McCune Joseph M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and inhibiting autoimmune disease. Despite being a major focus of modern immunological investigation, many aspects of Treg biology remain unknown. In a screen for novel candidate genes involved in human Treg function, we detected the expression of an autoimmune susceptibility gene, FcRL3, in Treg but not in conventional CD4+ T cells. FcRL3 is an orphan receptor of unknown function with structural homology to classical Fc receptors. Numerous genetic studies have demonstrated a link between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 promoter and both overexpression of FcRL3 and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Given the critical role of Treg in suppressing autoimmunity, we sought to ascertain how expression of FcRL3 relates to the phenotype, differentiation, and function of Treg. We show in this study that FcRL3 is expressed on a population of thymically derived Treg that exhibits a memory phenotype and high levels of programmed cell death-1. Purified FcRL3+ Treg are less responsive to antigenic stimulation in the presence of IL-2 than their FcRL3− counterparts, despite intact proximal and distal IL-2 signaling as determined by phosphorylation of Stat-5 and upregulation of Bcl2. In vitro suppression assays demonstrated that FcRL3+ Treg have reduced capacity to suppress the proliferation of effector T cells. These data suggest that FcRL3 expression is associated with Treg dysfunction that may, in turn, contribute to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.
High‐Performance Phototransistors Based on Organic Microribbons Prepared by a Solution Self‐Assembly Process
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Du Chunyan , Yu Gui , Di Chong‐an , Jiang Shidong , Xi Hongxia , Zheng Jian , Yan Shouke , Yu Cailan , Hu Wenping , Liu Yunqi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOligoarenes as an alternative group of promising semiconductors in organic optoelectronics have attracted much attention. However, high‐performance and low‐cost opto‐electrical devices based on linear asymmetric oligoarenes with nano/microstructures are still rarely studied because of difficulties both in synthesis and high‐quality nano/microstructure growth. Here, a novel linear asymmetric oligoarene 6‐methyl‐anthra[2,3‐b]benzo[d]thiophene (Me‐ABT) is synthesized and its high‐quality microribbons are grown by a solution process. The solution of Me‐ABT exhibits a moderate fluorescence quantum yield of 0.34, while the microribbons show a glaucous light emission. Phototransistors based on an individual Me‐ABT microribbon prepared by a solution‐phase self‐assembly process showed a high mobility of 1.66 cm2 V−1 s−1, a large photoresponsivity of 12 000 A W−1, and a photocurrent/dark‐current ratio of 6000 even under low light power conditions (30 µW cm−2). The measured photoresponsivity of the devices is much higher than that of inorganic single‐crystal silicon thin film transistors. These studies should boost the development of the organic semiconductors with high‐quality microstructures for potential application in organic optoelectronics.
Isothermal solid‐state transformation kinetics applied to Pd/Cu alloy membrane fabrication
Authors: Pomerantz Natalie , Ma Yi Hua , Payzant E. Andrew 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, time‐resolved, in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction was used to study the solid‐state transformation kinetics of the formation of the fcc Pd/Cu alloy from Pd/Cu bilayers for the purpose of fabricating sulfur‐tolerant Pd/Cu membranes for H2separation. Thin layers of Pd and Cu (total ∼15 wt % Cu) were deposited on porous stainless steel with the electroless deposition method and annealed in H2at 500, 550, and 600°C. The kinetics of the annealing process was successfully described by the Avrami nucleation and growth model, showing that the annealing process was diffusion controlled and one dimensional. The activation energy for the solid‐state transformation was 175 kJ/mol, which was similar to the activation energy of Pd‐Cu bulk interdiffusion. Furthermore, the Avrami model was able to successfully describe the changes in permeance and activation energy observed in Pd/Cu alloy membranes during characterization as they were annealed at high temperatures. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Neutrophils in a mouse model of autoantibody‐mediated arthritis: Critical producers of Fc receptor γ, the receptor for C5a, and lymphocyte function−associated antigen 1
Authors: Monach Paul A. , Nigrovic Peter A. , Chen Mei , Hock Hanno , Lee David M. , Benoist Christophe , Mathis Diane 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveNeutrophils represent a prominent component of inflammatory joint effusions and are required for synovial inflammation in mouse models, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a system with which to test the importance of the production of specific factors by neutrophils in a mouse model of arthritis.MethodsNeutrophil‐deficient Gfi‐1–/– mice were administered sublethal doses of radiation and were then engrafted with donor bone marrow cells (BMCs), which resulted in the production of mature neutrophils within 2 weeks. By reconstituting with BMCs from mice lacking selected proinflammatory factors, we generated mice that specifically lacked these factors on their neutrophils. Arthritis was initiated by transfer of K/BxN serum to identify the role of defined neutrophil factors on the incidence and severity of arthritis.ResultsNeutrophils lacking the signaling chain of stimulatory Fc receptors (FcRγ–/–) were unable to elicit arthritis, but neutrophils lacking FcγRIII still did so. Neutrophils lacking the chemotactic or adhesion receptor C5a receptor (C5aR) or CD11a/lymphocyte function−associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) also failed to initiate arthritis but could enter joints in which inflammation had been initiated by wild‐type neutrophils. Neutrophils unable to produce interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) and IL‐1β (IL‐1α/β–/–) or leukotrienes (5‐lipoxygenase [5‐LOX–/–]) produced arthritis of intermediate severity. The inability of neutrophils to make tumor necrosis factor or to express receptors for tumor necrosis factor or IL‐1 had no effect on arthritis.ConclusionA novel transfer system was developed to identify neutrophil production of FcRγ, C5aR, and CD11a/LFA‐1 as critical components of autoantibody‐mediated arthritis. Neutrophil production of IL‐1 and leukotriene B4 likely contributes to inflammation but is not essential. Molecular requirements for neutrophil influx into joints become more permissive after inflammation is initiated.
Toward a conceptual framework of key‐frame extraction and storyboard display for video summarization
Authors: Kim Hyun Hee , Kim Yong Ho 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo key problems in developing a storyboard are (a) the extraction of video key frames and (b) the display of the storyboard. On the basis of our findings from a preliminary study as well as the results of previous studies on the computerized extraction of key frames and human recognition of images and videos, we propose an algorithm for the extraction of key frames and the structural display of a storyboard. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we conducted an experiment, the results of which suggest that participants produce better summaries of the given videos when they view storyboards that are composed of key frames extracted using the proposed algorithmic method. This finding held, regardless of whether the display pattern used was sequential or structural. In contrast, the experimental results suggest that in the case of employing a mechanical method, the use of a structural display pattern yields greater performance in terms of participants' ability to summarize the given videos. Elaborating on our results, we discuss the practical implications of our findings for video summarization and retrieval.
Family‐based study shows heterogeneity of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24 for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Blanton Susan H. , Burt Amber , Stal Samuel , Mulliken John B. , Garcia Elizabeth , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common birth defect. Although a number of susceptibility loci have been reported, replication has often been lacking. This is likely due, in part, to the heterogeneity of datasets and methodologies. Two independent genome‐wide association studies of individuals of largely western European extraction have identified a possible susceptibility locus on 8q24.21.METHODSTo determine the overall effect of this locus, we genotyped six of the previously associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in our Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white family‐based datasets and evaluated them for linkage and association. In addition, we genotyped a large African American family with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate that we had previously mapped to the 8q21.3‐24.12 region to test for linkage.RESULTSThere was no evidence for linkage to this region in any of the three ethnic groups. Nevertheless, strong evidence for association was noted in the non‐Hispanic white group, whereas none was detected in the Hispanic dataset.CONCLUSIONThese results confirm the previously reported association and provide evidence suggesting that there is ethnically based heterogeneity for this locus. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pretreatment of corn stover and hybrid poplar by sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Lee Y. Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSodium hydroxide and its derivatives are used as pulping reagents, wherein the spent NaOH is recovered in salt form and reused. In this study, use of low concentration NaOH (1–5%) in pretreatment of corn stover and hybrid poplar was investigated. It was done with the understanding that NaOH can be recovered. One of the main objectives in this study is to explore the potential of H2O2 with NaOH for pretreatment of high lignin substrate such as hybrid poplar. Pretreatment time has not been optimized in this study but held constant at 24 h. Corn stover, after treatment with NaOH under moderate conditions, attains near quantitative glucan digestibility. On the other hand, hybrid poplar requires treatment at higher temperature and NaOH concentration to attain acceptable level of digestibility. Supplementation of hydrogen peroxide in the pretreatment significantly raises delignification and digestibility of hybrid poplar. It was also helpful in retaining the carbohydrates in the treated solids. Retention of hemicellulose after pretreatment provides a significant economic benefit as it eliminates the need for detoxifying hemicellulose sugars. As the residual xylan remaining after pretreatment is an impediment to enzymatic digestion of glucan, supplementation of xylanase has significantly increased the digestibility of glucan as well as xylan of the treated hybrid poplar. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
The development of a thermostable CiP (Coprinus cinereus peroxidase) through in silico design
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Lee Jeong Ah , Joo Jeong Chan , Yoo Young Je , Kim Yong Hwan , Song Bong Keun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProtein thermostability is a crucial issue in the practical application of enzymes, such as inorganic synthesis and enzymatic polymerization of phenol derivatives. Much attention has been focused on the enhancement and numerous successes have been achieved through protein engineering methods. Despite fruitful results based on random mutagenesis, it was still necessary to develop a novel strategy that can reduce the time and effort involved in this process. In this study, a rapid and effective strategy is described for increasing the thermal stability of a protein. Instead of random mutagenesis, a rational strategy was adopted to theoretically stabilize the thermo labile residues of a protein using computational methods. Protein residues with high flexibility can be thermo labile due to their large range of movement. Here, residue B factor values were used to identify putatively thermo labile residues and the RosettaDesign program was applied to search for stable sequences. Coprinus cinereus (CiP) heme peroxidase was selected as a model protein for its importance in commercial applications, such as the polymerization of phenolic compounds. Eleven CiP residues with the highest B factor values were chosen as target mutation sites for thermostabilization, and then redesigned using RosettaDesign to identify sequences. Eight mutants based on the redesigns, were produced as functional enzymes and two of these (S323Y and E328D) showed increased thermal stability over the wild‐type in addition to conserved catalytic activity. Thus, this strategy can be used as a rapid and effective in silico design tool for obtaining thermostable proteins. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Anomalies of the flexor carpi ulnaris: Clinical case report and cadaveric study
Authors: Ang G. Gleda , Rozen Warren Matthew , Vally Fatima , Eizenberg Norman , Grinsell Damien 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFlexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) is an ever‐present muscle of the anterior flexor compartment of the forearm. Variations of FCU are uncommon, with additional slips or heads of muscles described, and only one reported case of an accessory muscle. We describe a unique clinical case report in which an accessory FCU was identified and describe the findings of 5,000 cadaveric dissections of the forearm, performed as part of an ongoing institutional study of anatomical variations. An aberrant accessory forearm flexor muscle was identified incidentally at the wrist during surgery for an anterior interosseous to ulnar nerve transfer for management of ulnar nerve palsy. This muscle was seen running superficial to the ulnar nerve and radial to the FCU proper, arising from the common flexor origin and inserting at the triquetral carpal bone. This was therefore suitably acknowledged as an “accessory FCU”. The anomaly was identified as bilateral using ultrasound imaging, and was found to be anomalously innervated by the median nerve with nerve conduction studies. A subsequent review of 5,000 cadaveric dissections of the forearm did not identify any such variations related to FCU, despite identifying a range of variations of the other forearm flexor musculature. While the scarcity of this anomaly is thus highlighted, consideration of an accessory FCU, and its aberrant innervation is important in a range of surgical approaches. Clin. Anat. 23:427–430, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.