bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Fall-Related Efficacy and Activity Engagement in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Schepens Stacey , Sen Ananda , Painter Jane A. , Murphy Susan L. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Fear of falling can lead to restricted activity, but little is known about how this fear affects different aspects of people’s lives. This study examined the relationship between fall-related efficacy (i.e., confidence or belief in one’s ability to perform activities without losing balance or falling) and activity and participation.
METHOD. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing community-dwelling older adults’ fall-related efficacy to measures of activity or participation.
RESULTS. An examination of 20 cross-sectional and prospective studies found a strong positive relationship between fall-related efficacy and activity (r = .53; 95% CI [.47, .58]). An insufficient number of studies examining fall-related efficacy and participation were available for analysis.
CONCLUSION. Low fall-related efficacy may be an important barrier to occupational engagement for many older adults and warrants careful consideration by occupational therapists. Future research should explore interventions that target fall-related efficacy and examine their effects on activity performance and engagement.
Measurement Characteristics of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey in an Age-Diverse Sample
Authors: Eakman Aaron M. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study evaluated the measurement characteristics of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS) in an age-diverse sample.
METHOD. The sample included 154 older adults and 122 college students (age range = 18–100 yr). A Rasch–Andrich rating scale model was used to evaluate the EMAS. Analyses addressed rating scale design, person and item fit, item hierarchy, model unidimensionality, and differential item functioning.
RESULTS. Category functioning was improved by reducing the EMAS item responses to four categories. Adequate person response validity was established, and all but one EMAS item demonstrated an ideal fit to the Rasch measurement model. After establishing the item hierarchy, I found the EMAS to be a unidimensional measure. Differential item functioning was not detected using Bonferroni-adjusted statistical criteria.
CONCLUSION. The results confirm the potential to validly measure subjective qualities of meaningful activity participation. The EMAS can be used to evaluate processes and outcomes central to occupational therapy practice and to aid in the design of therapeutic occupations.
Fear of Falling and Its Relationship With Anxiety, Depression, and Activity Engagement Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Painter Jane A. , Allison Leslie , Dhingra Puneet , Daughtery Justin , Cogdill Kira , Trujillo Leonard G. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study examined (1) the relationship of fear of falling to depression, anxiety, activity level, and activity restriction and (2) whether depression or anxiety predicted fear of falling, activity level, activity restriction, or changes in activity level.
METHOD. We administered the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly; the Geriatric Depression Scale–30; and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, IVR Version, during a one-time visit to 99 community-dwelling adults ≥55 yr old.
RESULTS. We found significant relationships between (1) fear of falling and depression, anxiety, and activity level; (2) depression and anxiety; and (3) activity restriction and depression. Activity level was negatively correlated with activity restriction, fear of falling, depression, and anxiety. Anxiety predicted both fear of falling and activity level. Both anxiety and depression predicted activity restriction because of fear of falling and for other reasons.
CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy practitioners should consider screening their older adult clientele for fear of falling, anxiety, and depression because these states may lead to fall risk and activity restriction.
In vitro Comparison of Light-Emitting Diodes and Carnosic Acid Effects on Keratinocyte Proliferation and Wound Healing
Authors: Agha Rania , Beeson William , Beeson William H. 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Light-emitting diode (LED) therapy uses different wavelengths of light and has been reported to accelerate cutaneous wound healing. Carnosic acid is an antioxidant that is also thought to be photoprotective. We designed an in vitro study to examine the effects of LED and carnosic acid on the proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes. Materials and Methods: Clinically normal human keratinocytes were cultured and exposed to two wavelengths: 620 nm and 660 nm LED at different fluences. In the second part of this study, a different batch of human keratinocytes was grown in culture, and different concentrations of carnosic acid were added. Results: At the two wavelengths that were used, LED did not appear to have any therapeutic effect and was not effective in stimulating keratinocyte proliferation. Exposure to greater energy levels (increased fluence) produced increased cell damage that was directly proportional to the increase in energy. On the other hand, treatment of the cell cultures with the antioxidant carnosic acid resulted in an increase of keratinocyte cell proliferation, and this increase was also proportional to the concentration of carnosic acid. Conclusions: This study did not support the hypothesis that LED treatment results in keratinocyte proliferation; however, carnosic acid, a potent antioxidant, stimulated keratinocyte production and could be implicated in wound healing and rejuvenation.
A Latent Class Cluster Analysis of Farmers’ Attitudes Towards Contract Design in the Dairy Industry
Authors: Schlecht Stephanie , Spiller Achim 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAs a result of a number of recent developments, such as the milk strike in several European countries in 2008 and the planned expiration of the European milk quota scheme in 2015, it is necessary to redesign contractual relationships in the dairy industry. However, fostering acceptance of new stipulations (e.g., volume control, pricing systems) requires that the attitudes of farmers be taken into consideration. Thus, in this article, the authors analyze how dairy farmers’ attitudes vary towards both contracting in general and specific contract attributes. Using a survey of 161 dairy farm managers, the research question is addressed by means of a latent class cluster analysis. Three clusters are identified. Their attitudes are heterogeneous, ranging from suppliers who are clearly convinced of the value of contractual relationships to farmers who reject contracts explicitly. Results may be utilized to match the preferences of farmers regarding contracts with modified dairy marketing contracts. [EconLit Classification: Q130].
Railway passenger train delay prediction via neural network model
Authors: Yaghini Masoud , Khoshraftar Mohammad M. , Seyedabadi Masoud 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network model with high accuracy to predict the delay of passenger trains in Iranian Railways. In the proposed model, we use three different methods to define inputs including normalized real number, binary coding, and binary set encoding inputs. One of the great challenges of using neural network is how to design a superior network for a specific task. To find an appropriate architecture, three different strategies called quick method, dynamic method, and multiple method are investigated. To prevent the proposed model from overfitting in modeling, according to cross validation, we divide existing passenger train delays data set into three subsets called training set, validation set, and testing set. To evaluate the proposed model, we compare the results of three different data input methods and three different architectures with each other and with some common prediction methods such as decision tree and multinomial logistic regression. For comparing different neural networks, we consider training time and accuracy of neural networks on test data set and network size. In addition, for comparing neural networks with other well‐known prediction methods, we consider training time and the accuracy of neural network on test data sets. To make a fair comparison among all models, we sketch a time‐accuracy graph. The results revealed that the proposed model has higher accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of dentures on SAR in the visible Chinese human head voxel phantom exposed to a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz
Authors: Yu Dong , Zhang Ruoyu , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo investigate the influence of dentures on electromagnetic energy absorption during the daily use of a mobile phone, a high‐resolution head phantom based on the Visible Chinese Human dataset was reconstructed. Simulations on phantoms with various dentures were performed by using the finite‐difference time‐domain method with a 0.47 wavelength dipole antenna and a mobile phone model as radiation sources at 900 and 1800 MHz. The Specific energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values including 1 and 10 g average SAR values were assessed. When the metallic dental crowns with resonance lengths of approximately one‐third to one‐half wavelength in the tissue nearby are parallel to the radiation source, up to 121.6% relative enhancement for 1 g average SAR and 17.1% relative enhancement for 10 g average SAR are observed due to the resonance effect in energy absorption. When the radiation sources operate in the normal configuration, the 10 g average SAR values are still in compliance with the basic restrictions established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), indicating that the safety limits will not be challenged by the usage of dentures. Bioelectromagnetics 33:508–517, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
L2‐signatures, homology localization, and amenable groups
Authors: Cha Jae Choon , Orr Kent E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimed at geometric applications, we prove the homology cobordism invariance of the L2‐Betti numbers and L2‐signature defects associated to the class of amenable groups lying in Strebel's class D(R), which includes some interesting infinite/finite non‐torsion‐free groups. This result includes the only prior known condition, that Γ is a poly‐torsion‐free abelian group (or a finite p‐group). We define a new commutator series that refines Harvey's torsion‐free derived series of groups, using the localizations of groups and rings of Bousfield, Vogel, and Cohn. The series, called the local derived series, has versions for homology with arbitrary coefficients and satisfies functoriality and an injectivity theorem. We combine these two new tools to give some applications to distinct homology cobordism types within the same simple homotopy type in higher dimensions, to concordance of knots in three manifolds, and to spherical space forms in dimension 3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracrystalline Diffusion in Mesoporous Zeolites
Authors: Mehlhorn Dirk , Valiullin Rustem , Kärger Jörg , Cho Kanghee , Ryoo Ryong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpecially synthesized extra‐large crystallites of zeolite LTA with intentionally added mesoporosity are used for an in‐depth study of guest diffusion in hierarchical nanoporous materials by the pulsed field gradient NMR technique. Using propane as a guest molecule, intracrystalline mass transfer is demonstrated to be adequately described by a single effective diffusivity resulting from the weighted average of the diffusivities in the two (micro‐ and meso‐) pore spaces. Gas‐kinetic order‐of‐magnitude estimates of the diffusivities are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and are thus shown to provide a straightforward means for predicting and quantifying the benefit of hierarchically structured nanoporous materials in comparison with their purely microporous equivalent.
XRD, IR, and Raman investigations of structural properties of Dy2‐xHox O3 prepared by sol gel procedure
Authors: Heiba Z. K. , Bakr Mohamed M. , Fuess H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Rare earth mixed oxides Dy2‐xHox O3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) solid solution was synthesized by a sol–gel process. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected and crystal structure and microstructure analyses were performed applying Rietveld refinement method. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to define the microstructure and to locally probe the structure of the samples. The cationic distribution over the two non‐equivalent sites 8b and 24d of the space group Ia3 is found to be randomly. The crystallite size and microstrain as well as Raman modes positions are influenced by Ho3+ concentration. The apparent size is isotropic but significant anisotropy is found for the microstrain with its largest value along the crystallographic direction [h00]. Inspite the single phase solid solution confirmed by Rietveld analysis for all samples, Raman spectra detected the coexistence of two phases; cubic and distorted monoclinic of too small amount or highly disordered, i.e. amorphous like, to be detected by XRD. The result indicates the ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect minor phases in solid solutions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metallic Tungsten Nanostructures and Highly Nanostructured Thin Films by Deposition of Tungsten Oxide and Subsequent Reduction in a Single Hot‐Wire CVD Process
Authors: Harks Peter‐Paul R. M. L. , Houweling Z. Silvester , de Jong Michiel , Kuang Yinghuan , Geus John W. , Schropp Ruud E. I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of metallic tungsten nanostructures and highly nanostructured thin films is presented. Crystalline tungsten oxide nanostructures are deposited on glassy carbon substrates kept at 700 ± 100 °C by oxidizing resistively heated tungsten filaments in an air flow under subatmospheric pressures. The internal morphology of the deposited tungsten oxide can be reproducibly controlled by the air pressure. After deposition, the tungsten oxides have been fully reduced to metallic tungsten by atomic hydrogen at a temperature of about 730 °C. Polycrystalline metallic tungsten nanofibers, nanocrystallites, closed crystallite films, and nanogranular films are thus obtained in a single procedure involving deposition and subsequent reduction, at relatively low temperatures.
Inflammatory mediators involved in the progression of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ma Kuifen , Jin Xi , Liang Xingguang , Zhao Qingwei , Zhang Xingguo 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe metabolic syndrome is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, steatosis of the liver and other organs, as well as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have implicated a number of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, adipokines and eicosanoids in the inflammatory responses that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Measurements of the circulating levels of the inflammatory molecules that accompany this syndrome might provide leads to therapeutic approaches to modulate the inflammatory responses and thereby alter disease progression. In this review, we summarize recent studies on classical and newer inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in humans and experimental models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of beta‐cell resistance to hypoxia and technologies for oxygen delivery to transplanted pancreatic islets
Authors: Lazard Daniel , Vardi Pnina , Bloch Konstantin 
Published: March 2012

SummaryHypoxia is believed to be a crucial factor involved in cell adaptation to environmental stress. Islet transplantation, especially with immunoisolated islets, interrupts vascular connections, resulting in the substantially decreased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to islet cells. Insulin‐producing pancreatic beta cells are known to be highly susceptible to oxygen deficiency. Such susceptibility to hypoxia is believed to be one of the main causes of beta‐cell death in the post‐transplantation period. Different strategies have been developed for the protection of beta cells against hypoxic injury and for oxygen delivery to transplanted islets. The enhancement of beta‐cell defense properties against hypoxia has been achieved using various techniques such as gene transfection, drug supplementation, co‐culturing with stem cells and cell selection. Technologies for oxygen delivery to transplanted islets include local neovascularization of subcutaneous sites, electrochemical and photosynthetic oxygen generation, oxygen refuelling of bio‐artificial pancreas and whole body oxygenation by using hyperbaric therapy. Progress in the field of oxygen technologies for islet transplantation requires a multidisciplinary approach to explore and optimize the interaction between components of the biological system and different technological processes. This review article focuses mainly on the recently developed strategies for oxygenation and protection from hypoxic injury – to achieve stable and long‐term normoglycaemia in diabetic patients with transplanted pancreatic islets. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5,6‐Methylenedioxy‐2‐aminoindane: from laboratory curiosity to ‘legal high’
Authors: Gallagher Cathal T. , Assi Sulaf , Stair Jacqueline L. , Fergus Suzanne , Corazza Ornella , Corkery John M. , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe fully synthetic ‘legal high’ 5,6‐methylenedioxy‐2‐aminoindane (MDAI) is an analogue of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Although developed in the 1990s, it was not widely abused until 2010. However, mephedrone was banned in the UK in April 2010, and almost immediately, MDAI was widely advertised as a legal alternative. This paper provides both an overview of the current state of knowledge of MDAI and a critical analysis of online available information relating to its psychoactive effects, adverse reactions and use in combination with other drugs.MethodsThe literature on MDAI was searched in three databases: PsycInfo, PubMed and MedScape. Once the availability of information on MDAI was identified within these websites, further specific searches were carried out for narratives focusing on the nature of its effects on users, motivations behind its recreational use and possible trends of misuse, and any other relevant information.ResultsInternet‐sourced products have been shown variously to contain mephedrone, and mixed compositions of inorganic substances, while containing no MDAI. Numbers of Internet searches have been considerably higher in the UK compared with Germany and the US.ConclusionsBetter international collaboration levels may be needed to tackle the novel and fast growing phenomenon of novel psychoactive drug availability from the web. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using large‐scale climatic patterns for improving long lead time streamflow forecasts for Gunnison and San Juan River Basins
Authors: Kalra Ajay , Miller William P. , Lamb Kenneth W. , Ahmad Sajjad , Piechota Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn a water‐stressed region, such as the western United States, it is essential to have long lead times for streamflow forecasts used in reservoir operations and water resources management. Current water supply forecasts provide a 3‐month to 6‐month lead time, depending on the time of year. However, there is a growing demand from stakeholders to have forecasts that run lead times of 1 year or more. In this study, a data‐driven model, the support vector machine (SVM) based on the statistical learning theory, was used to predict annual streamflow volume with a 1‐year lead time. Annual average oceanic–atmospheric indices consisting of the Pacific decadal oscillation, North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO), and a new sea surface temperature (SST) data set for the ‘Hondo’ region for the period of 1906–2006 were used to generate annual streamflow volumes for multiple sites in the Gunnison River Basin and San Juan River Basin, both located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Based on the performance measures, the model showed very good forecasts, and the forecasts were in good agreement with measured streamflow volumes. Inclusion of SST information from the Hondo region improved the model's forecasting ability; in addition, the combination of NAO and Hondo region SST data resulted in the best streamflow forecasts for a 1‐year lead time. The results of the SVM model were found to be better than the feed‐forward, back propagation artificial neural network and multiple linear regression. The results from this study have the potential of providing useful information for the planning and management of water resources within these basins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing an empirical model of canopy water flux describing the common response of transpiration to solar radiation and VPD across five contrasting woodlands and forests
Authors: Whitley Rhys , Taylor Daniel , Macinnis‐Ng Catriona , Zeppel Melanie , Yunusa Isa , O'Grady Anthony , Froend Ray , Medlyn Belinda , Eamus Derek 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA modified Jarvis–Stewart model of canopy transpiration (Ec) was tested over five ecosystems differing in climate, soil type and species composition. The aims of this study were to investigate the model's applicability over multiple ecosystems; to determine whether the number of model parameters could be reduced by assuming that site‐specific responses of Ec to solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture content vary little between sites; and to examine convergence of behaviour of canopy water‐use across multiple sites. This was accomplished by the following: (i) calibrating the model for each site to determine a set of site‐specific (SS) parameters, and (ii) calibrating the model for all sites simultaneously to determine a set of combined sites (CS) parameters. The performance of both models was compared with measured Ec data and a statistical benchmark using an artificial neural network (ANN). Both the CS and SS models performed well, explaining hourly and daily variation in Ec. The SS model produced slightly better model statistics [R2 = 0.75–0.91; model efficiency (ME) = 0.53–0.81; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.0015–0.0280 mm h‐1] than the CS model (R2 = 0.68–0.87; ME = 0.45–0.72; RMSE = 0.0023–0.0164 mm h‐1). Both were highly comparable with the ANN (R2 = 0.77–0.90; ME = 0.58–0.80; RMSE = 0.0007–0.0122 mm h‐1). These results indicate that the response of canopy water‐use to abiotic drivers displayed significant convergence across sites, but the absolute magnitude of Ec was site specific. Period totals estimated with the modified Jarvis–Stewart model provided close approximations of observed totals, demonstrating the effectiveness of this model as a tool aiding water resource management. Analysis of the measured diel patterns of water use revealed significant nocturnal transpiration (9–18% of total water use by the canopy), but no Jarvis–Stewart formulations are able to capture this because of the dependence of water‐use on solar radiation, which is zero at night. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.