bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo sodium imaging of human patellar cartilage with a 3D cones sequence at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Staroswiecki Ernesto , Bangerter Neal K. , Gurney Paul T. , Grafendorfer Thomas , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and T*2 maps at 3 T and 7 T using 3D cones from in vivo sodium images of the human knee.Materials and Methods:Sodium concentration has been shown to correlate with glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage and is a possible biomarker of osteoarthritis. Using a 3D cones trajectory, 17 subjects were scanned at 3 T and 12 at 7 T using custom‐made sodium‐only and dual‐tuned sodium/proton surface coils, at a standard resolution (1.3 × 1.3 × 4.0 mm3) and a high resolution (1.0 × 1.0 × 2.0 mm3). We measured the SNR of the images and the T*2 of cartilage at both 3 T and 7 T.Results:The average normalized SNR values of standard‐resolution images were 27.1 and 11.3 at 7 T and 3 T. At high resolution, these average SNR values were 16.5 and 7.3. Image quality was sufficient to show spatial variations of sodium content. The average T*2 of cartilage was measured as 13.2 ± 1.5 msec at 7 T and 15.5 ± 1.3 msec at 3 T.Conclusion:We acquired sodium images of patellar cartilage at 3 T and 7 T in under 26 minutes using 3D cones with high resolution and acceptable SNR. The SNR improvement at 7 T over 3 T was within the expected range based on the increase in field strength. The measured T*2 values were also consistent with previously published values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:446–451. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can MR fluoroscopic triggering technique and slow rate injection provide appropriate arterial phase images with reducing artifacts on gadoxetic acid‐DTPA (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced hepatic MR imaging?
Authors: Haradome Hiroki , Grazioli Luigi , Tsunoo Mika , Tinti Rita , Frittoli Barbara , Gambarini Sebastiana , Morone Mario , Motosugi Utaroh , Colagrande Stefano 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate whether using MR fluoroscopic triggering technique and slow rate injection improves the quality of arterial phase images in gadoxetic acid‐DTPA‐enhanced (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) MR imaging because of proper acquisition timing and reduction of artifacts.Materials and Methods:Two hundred sixteen patients undergoing examination for liver diseases were retrospectively reviewed. All MR images were obtained with two Gd‐EOB‐DTPA injection protocols: (i) a combination protocol, in which the MR fluoroscopic triggering technique and slow rate injection (1 mL/s) were used; and for comparison, (ii) a conventional protocol, in which adjusted fixed scan delay and ordinary rate injection (2 mL/s) were adopted. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of aorta, portal vein, and liver parenchyma on arterial phase images were calculated. Two blinded readers independently evaluated the obtained arterial phase images in terms of acquisition timing and degree of artifacts.Results:The SNRs of aorta and portal vein on arterial phase images were significantly higher in the combination protocol group (aorta/portal: 221.9 ± 91.9/197.1 ± 89.8) than that in the conventional protocol group (aorta/portal: 169.8 ± 97.4/92.7 ± 48.5) (P < 0.05). The acquisition timing for arterial phase images with the combination protocol was significantly better than that with the conventional protocol (P < 0.01). The image quality of the combination protocol was significantly higher than that of the conventional protocol (P < 0.01). The occurrence rate of moderate or severe degree of artifacts in the conventional protocol (38.0%) was more prominent than that in the combination protocol (18.5%).Conclusion:The combination of the MR fluoroscopic triggering technique and slow rate injection provides proper arterial phase images and reduces the artifacts in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:334–340. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International reproducibility of single breathhold T2* MR for cardiac and liver iron assessment among five thalassemia centers
Authors: Kirk Paul , He Taigang , Anderson Lisa J. , Roughton Michael , Tanner Mark A. , Lam Wynnie W.M. , Au Wing Y. , Chu Winnie C.W. , Chan Godfrey , Galanello Renzo , Matta Gildo , Fogel Mark , Cohen Alan R. , Tan Ru San , Chen Kevin , Ng Ivy , Lai Angie , Fucharoen Suthat , Laothamata Jiraporn , Chuncharunee Suporn , Jongjirasiri Sutipong , Firmin David N. , Smith Gillian C. , Pennell Dudley J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To examine the reproducibility of the single breathhold T2* technique from different scanners, after installation of standard methodology in five international centers.Materials and Methods:Up to 10 patients from each center were scanned twice locally for local interstudy reproducibility of heart and liver T2*, and then flown to a central MR facility to be rescanned on a reference scanner for intercenter reproducibility. Interobserver reproducibility for all scans was also assessed.Results:Of the 49 patients scanned, the intercenter reproducibility for T2* was 5.9% for the heart and 5.8% for the liver. Local interstudy reproducibility for T2* was 7.4% for the heart and 4.6% for the liver. Interobserver reproducibility for T2* was 5.4% for the heart and 4.4% for the liver.Conclusion:These data indicate that T2* MR may be developed into a widespread test for tissue siderosis providing that well‐defined and approved imaging and analysis techniques are used. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:315–319. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of motion on T1 mapping acquired with inversion recovery fast spin echo and rapid spoiled gradient recalled‐echo pulse sequences for delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in volunteers
Authors: Studler Ueli , White Lawrence M. , Andreisek Gustav , Luu Sheena , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret , Sussman Marshall S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the impact of motion on T1 values acquired by using either inversion‐recovery fast spin echo (IR‐FSE) or three‐dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient recalled‐echo (SPGR) sequences for delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in volunteers.Materials and Methods:Single‐slice IR‐FSE and 3D SPGR sequences were applied to perform dGEMRIC in five healthy volunteers. A mutual information‐based approach was used to correct for image misregistration. Displacements were expressed as averaged Euclidean distances and angles. Averages of differences in goodness of fit (Δχ2) tests and averages of relative differences in T1 values (ΔT1) before and after motion correction were computed.Results:Maximum Euclidean distance was 3.5 mm and 1.2 mm for IR‐FSE and SPGR respectively. Mean ± SD of Δχ2 were 10.18 ± 8.4 for IR‐FSE and −1.37 ± 5.5 for SPGR. Mean ± SD of ΔT1 were 0.008 ± 0.0048 for IR‐FSE and −0.002 ± 0.019 for FSPGR. Pairwise comparison of Δχ2 values showed a significant difference for IR‐FSE, but not for 3D‐SPGR. Significantly greater variability in T1 values was also noted for IR‐FSE than for 3D‐SPGR.Conclusion:Involuntary motion has a significant influence on T1 values acquired with IR‐FSE, but not with 3D‐SPGR in healthy volunteers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:394–398. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) on the uterine corpus: Quantitative assessment with T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI in healthy volunteers
Authors: Fujimoto Koji , Nakai Asako , Okada Tomohisa , Ikeuchi Takashi , Satogami Naoe , Daido Sayaka , Yakami Masahiro , Togashi Kaori 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate effects of hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) on the appearance of three zonal anatomy of the uterine corpus on T2‐weighted images (T2WI).Materials and Methods:Sagittal T2WI of the pelvis were acquired before and after intramuscular administration of HBB with interval of 10 minutes in 22 healthy volunteers. By drawing polygonal regions of interest (ROIs), the uterine corpus was delineated into outer myometrium (OM), junctional zone (JZ), and endometrium (EM) in 20 subjects. Areas (mm2) and relative signal intensity (rSI) of each layer were compared between pre‐HBB and post‐HBB administration images by using paired t‐tests. Histogram analysis was conducted for the uterine layers and changes were visualized.Results:Areas of OM were significantly increased (P = 0.014) and mean rSI of JZ and OM were significantly increased (P = 0.007 and 0.001, respectively) after administration of HBB. Histogram showed an increase in the number of pixels with higher rSI in the OM, which was considered to be caused by an increase in interstitial fluid and vascular dilatation. EM did not show significant changes.Conclusion:Layer‐wise ROI analyses demonstrated changes in the area and rSI in T2WI of the uterus after HBB administration. Histogram analysis contributed to the investigation of signal changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:441–445. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI of iron‐oxide labelled transplanted hepatocytes in mice: Effect of treatment with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Leconte Isabelle , Pallu Stéphane , Abarca‐Quinones Jorge , Michoux Nicolas , Peeters Frank , Radermacher Kim , Sempoux Christine , Najimi Mustapha , Sokal Etienne , Van Beers Bernard E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess if 1.5T MRI can be used to study the transport to the liver, the intrahepatic distribution and engraftment of iron‐oxide labelled hepatocytes in cyclophosphamide‐treated and untreated mice.Materials and Methods:Hepatocytes were isolated from C57bl/6 mice and were labelled with 1.63 μm iron‐oxide particles. Seventeen mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide to disrupt the sinusoidal endothelium and 15 were left untreated. Seven days after splenic injection of the labelled hepatocytes, T2*‐weighted gradient‐echo images at 1.5T were acquired. The hepatic transport, distribution and engraftment of the labelled hepatocytes were assessed with signal intensity (SI) and T2* measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), texture analysis and histology.Results:Lower hepatic SI (P = 0.005), lower T2* (P = 0.033) and larger number of particles at histology (P = 0.006) suggested increased transport to the liver of labelled hepatocytes in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice versus untreated mice. At histology, most particles were located in Kupffer cells. Particles distribution was heterogeneous. No difference between both groups was observed at texture analysis.Conclusion:MRI is useful to assess the transport to the liver and intrahepatic distribution of transplanted labelled hepatocytes. The preferential location of iron‐oxide particles within Kupffer cells after seven days limits the value of MRI for assessing hepatocyte engraftment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:367–375. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved homogeneity of the transmit field by simultaneous transmission with phased array and volume coil
Authors: Avdievich Nikolai I. , Oh Sukhoon , Hetherington Hoby P. , Collins Christopher M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To improve the homogeneity of transmit volume coils at high magnetic fields (≥4 T). Due to radiofrequency (RF) field/tissue interactions at high fields, 4 T to 8 T, the transmit profile from head‐sized volume coils shows a distinctive pattern with relatively strong RF magnetic field B1 in the center of the brain.Materials and Methods:In contrast to conventional volume coils at high field strengths, surface coil phased arrays can provide increased RF field strength peripherally. In theory, simultaneous transmission from these two devices could produce a more homogeneous transmission field. To minimize interactions between the phased array and the volume coil, counter rotating current (CRC) surface coils consisting of two parallel rings carrying opposite currents were used for the phased array.Results:Numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate that substantial improvements in transmit field homogeneity can be obtained.Conclusion:We have demonstrated the feasibility of using simultaneous transmission with human head‐sized volume coils and CRC phased arrays to improve homogeneity of the transmit RF B1 field for high‐field MRI systems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:476–481. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single breathhold cardiac CINE imaging with multi‐echo three‐dimensional hybrid radial SSFP acquisition
Authors: Liu Jing , Wieben Oliver , Jung Youngkyoo , Samsonov Alexey A. , Reeder Scott B. , Block Walter F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To achieve single breathhold whole heart cardiac CINE imaging with improved spatial resolution and temporal resolution by using a multi‐echo three‐dimensional (3D) hybrid radial SSFP acquisition.Materials and Methods:Multi‐echo 3D hybrid radial SSFP acquisitions were used to acquire cardiac CINE imaging within a single breathhold. An optimized interleaving scheme was developed for view ordering throughout the cardiac cycle.Results:Whole heart short axis views were acquired with a spatial resolution of 1.3 × 1.3 × 8.0 mm3 and temporal resolution of 45 ms, within a single 17 s breathhold. The technique was validated on eight healthy volunteers by measuring the left ventricular volume throughout the cardiac cycle and comparing with the conventional 2D multiple breathhold technique. The left ventricle functional measurement bias of our proposed 3D technique from the conventional 2D technique: end diastolic volume −3.3 mL ± 13.7 mL, end systolic volume 1.4 mL ± 6.1 mL, and ejection fraction −1.7% ± 4.3%, with high correlations 0.94, 0.97, and 0.91, accordingly.Conclusion:A multi‐echo 3D hybrid radial SSFP acquisition was developed to allow for a whole heart cardiac CINE exam in a single breathhold. Cardiac function measurements in volunteers compared favorably with the standard multiple breathhold exams. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:434–440. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cathepsin B contributes to traumatic brain injury‐induced cell death through a mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway
Authors: Luo Cheng‐Liang , Chen Xi‐Ping , Yang Rui , Sun Yu‐Xia , Li Qian‐Qian , Bao Hai‐Jun , Cao Qiang‐Qiang , Ni Hong , Qin Zheng‐Hong , Tao Lu‐Yang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt has been reported that lysosomal proteases play important roles in ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death. We have previously reported that cathepsin B expression increased remarkably after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study sought to investigate the effects of a selective cathepsin B inhibitor (CBI) [N‐L‐3‐trans‐prolcarbamoyloxirane‐2‐carbonyl)‐L‐isoleucyl‐L‐proline] on cell death and behavioral deficits in our model. We examined the levels of cathepsin B enzymatic activity and its expression by double labelling damaged cells in the brain slice with propidium iodide (PI) and anticathepsin B. The results showed an elevated enzymatic activity associated with TBI‐induced increase in a mature form of cathepsin B, suggesting that cathepsin B may play a role in TBI‐induced cell injury. PI was found to label cells positive for the neuronal‐specific nuclear marker NeuN, whereas fewer GFAP‐positive cells were labelled by PI, suggesting that neurons are more sensitive to cell death induced by TBI. Additionally, we found that pretreatment with CBI remarkably attenuated TBI‐induced cell death, lesion volume, and motor and cognitive dysfunction. To analyze the mechanism of action of cathepsin B in the cell death signaling pathway, we assessed DNA fragmentation by electrophoresis, Bcl‐2/Bax protein expression levels, Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase‐3 activation. The results imply that cathepsin B contributes to TBI‐induced cell death through the present programmed cell necrosis and mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathways. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ohne Laser produzieren geht nicht mehr
Authors: Treffert Claudia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Laser hat die Blechbearbeitung enorm beflügelt und sich zum unentbehrlichen Werkzeug entwickelt. Wie und warum, das lässt sich am Beispiel eines der ältesten deutschen Blechbearbeitungs‐Unternehmen sehr gut erkennen.
Commercial Exploration of High‐Temperature Superconductivity
Authors: Maher Eamonn , Delmdahl Ralph 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSuperconductivity, which is the condition in which the electrical resistance of a material drops to zero, was discovered nearly 100 years ago. Since that time, large superconducting magnets such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and big physics experiments have been developed and can now be regarded as being commercial products extending our capabilities in medicine and science. Yet many industrial applications of high temperature superconductivity (HTS) are on the horizon waiting to enter the marketplace. Currently, numerous manufacturers are working on improving and upscaling HTS materials, which operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures, and the most promising configuration for these materials is in the form of long tapes also known as coated conductors. These coated conductors are wound into coils in order to produce electrical components such as motors, magnets, transformers etc. Depending on the component to be made, there is an alternative to fabricating long unit lengths of superconducting tape, and in forming stable robust windings utilizing them. Now, a new technique has been developed which is using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to deposit a series of layers of superconducting material directly on to the surface of a cylinder and patterning them into coils. This configuration provides a very direct route for the production of components that conventionally involve winding processes. This article explores how coated conductor cylinders can be produced utilizing this technique and explains why industriallyproven excimers represent the optimum choice of laser source for this emergingtechnology.
Maßgeschneiderte Oberflächen und Bauteile
Authors: Gasser Andres , Meiners Wilhelm , Weisheit Andreas , Willenborg Edgar , Stollenwerk Jochen , Wissenbach Konrad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Einsatz von Laserstrahlung eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten sowohl in der Verbesserung von Oberflächeneigenschaften als auch in der Fertigung und instandsetzung von Bauteilen. Durch eine lokale Wärmeeinbringung mit Laserstrahlung erfolgt eine gezielte Anpassung der Randschichteigenschaften an die Funktionsbeanspruchung bei gleichzeitig minimalem Verzug bzw. minimalem Wärmeeintrag in den Substratwerkstoff.
Microstructure and property development in spray formed and extruded Al‐Mg‐Li‐Zr alloys for aerospace and autosport applications
Authors: Hogg S. C. , Mi J. , Nilsen K. E. , Liotti E. , Grant P. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLow density Al‐4Mg‐1.3Li‐0.4Zr and Al‐6Mg‐1.6Li‐0.4Zr alloys were spray formed and the billets extruded under a range of conditions. The alloy compositions were selected to provide an attractive balance of tensile strength and elongation, without relying on complex post‐processing and heat treatments – and are therefore suitable for complex cross section extrusions and free from quench distortion. The as‐spray formed microstructures showed fine homogeneous, equiaxed grains with an average size of 10–15 μm. Firstly, a laboratory scale extrusion was carried out to extrude 30 mm diameter billets into 7.5 mm diameter cross‐section and to investigate the effects of temperature and ram speeds on microstructural development. The microstructure after extrusion at 400°C was partially dynamically recrystallised with a ∼︁0.5 area fraction of ∼︁1 μm grains and the remainder were unrecrystallised elongated grains. Electron backscatter diffraction showed a mixed <111> + <100> double fibre texture. After peak age hardening at 150°C for 96 h, the Al‐6Mg‐1.6Li‐0.4Zr alloy showed a 0.2% proof strength of 495 MPa, a tensile strength of 553 MPa and elongation to failure of 8.5%; Al‐4Mg‐1.3Li‐0.4Zr showed a 0.2% proof strength of 392 MPa, a tensile strength of 476 MPa and an elongation of 10%. Subsequently, large‐scale complex cross‐section were extruded at ∼︁400°C. Due to the complexity of the cross‐sections and the non‐axisymetric deformation, the fibre texture was distorted to FCC rolled Copper and Brass orientations. After a dual‐step age hardening treatment of 130°C for 8h followed by 160°C for 8h, the proof strength, ultimate strength and elongations were 340 MPa, 470 MPa and 16% respectively. The combination of relatively simple process steps, high strength and ductility/formability, and low distortion in complex sections demonstrated the strong potential for these low density alloys in aerospace and autosport applications.
Basic principles and application potentials of cold gas spraying
Authors: Klassen T. , Gärtner F. , Schmidt T. , Kliemann J.‐O. , Onizawa K. , Donner K.‐R. , Gutzmann H. , Binder K. , Kreye H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCold spraying is a well‐established coating technology for several materials and applications. The formation of dense microstructures occurs only by the plastic deformation of particles hitting the substrate with sufficiently high kinetic energies. Limited thermal influences well below the melting temperatures of respective spray materials and very short time scales make the process suitable for heat sensitive materials. For optimum spraying conditions and coating performance, a comprehensive understanding of the cold spray process and bonding mechanisms is required. This presentation summarizes the current model for coating formation based on adiabatic shear instabilities. Computer simulations visualize the bonding process and allow for extracting critical parameters that define the “window of deposition”. For selected materials, a correlation between powder characteristics, particle impact conditions and coating properties is shown. Furthermore, the state of the art in spraying equipment is reviewed. Special emphasis is put on recent improvements that ensure better coating performance and widen the range of sprayable materials. Finally, different application examples are presented to elucidate the potential for a variety of coating and substrate materials.Das Kaltgasspritzen ist als Beschichtungstechnologie für mehrere Werkstoffe und Anwendungen bereits etabliert. Dichte Schichtmikrostrukturen entstehen, indem Pulverpartikel mit hoher kinetischer Energie auf ein zu beschichtendes Substrat aufprallen und sich dabei stark plastisch verformen. Da die Prozesstemperaturen deutlich unter dem Schmelzpunkt des jeweiligen Materials liegen und die Prozessdauern sehr kurz sind, eignet sich dieses Verfahren auch für temperatur‐ oder oxidationsempfindliche Werkstoffe. Für die Optimierung der Prozessparameter und Schichteigenschaften ist ein umfassendes Verständnis des Spritzprozesses und der Bindemechanismen notwendig. Diese Arbeit fasst zunächst das aktuelle Modell für die Schichtbildung zusammen, das auf adiabatischen Scherinstabilitäten basiert. Computersimulationen veranschaulichen den Bindeprozess und erlauben die Erfassung kritischer Parameter, die das sogenannte „Spritzfenster”︁ definieren. Für ausgewählte Materialien wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Pulverparametern, Aufprallbedingungen und Schichteigenschaften gezeigt. Darüber hinaus wird der aktuelle Stand der Spritztechnik mit den bisherigen Entwicklungsstufen verglichen, insbesondere in Hinblick auf neuere Entwicklungen, die zu besseren Schichteigenschaften führen und die Palette spritzbarer Werkstoffe erweitern. Abschließend werden verschiedene Anwendungsbeispiele präsentiert, um das Potenzial für eine Vielzahl von Schicht und Substratwerkstoffen zu demonstrieren.