bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEEP trial and effect on hemodynamic in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tavazzi G , Costanza C N J C , Corradi C F , Alviar C A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
None.

Introduction
Congestion is a paramount pathophysiological driver in patients with cardiogenic shock. Almost half of patients admitted due to cardiogenic shock undertake mechanical ventilation although ventilatory parameter, and their potential hemodynamic effect on the hemodynamic and congestion profile are often neglected.

Purpose
We sought to evaluate the hemodynamic effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on patients admitted to intensive care unit for CS.

Methods
We perform PEEP titration trial on patients undertaking mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure related to CS. The trial consisted in 3 steps of PEEP increase from 5 to 15 cmH2O. For each step arterial saturation, right atrial -RAP- and systemic blood pressure along with heart rate and respiratory mechanics (tidal volume-TV-, dynamic lung compliance- CLdyn, driving- Δ- and plateau pressure- Ppl) were measured. All the measures were taken at end-expiration; RAP trace was analyzed and systolic, mean and diastolic component collected. The final PEEP was decided based on the best matching between saturation, CLdyn and TV. Descriptive and repeated measures with Bonferroni correction were applied as statistical analysis (IBM SPSS 29).

Results
Twelve patients were included (10 male, 66 ± 7 years old; 8 acute myocardial infarction and 4 acute heart failure). At baseline the mean RAP was 8.44 (± 2.32) ; SBP 106 (IQR 92-112), HR 94 (IQR 88 - 102) Δ and Ppl pressures respectively 7.42 (± 0.79) and 12.08 (± 0.79, ),VT 427(± 65.42) and CLdyn 58.3 (± 7.1).
The right atrial pressure (RAP) differed between AMI and AHDF (8.25 ± 2.25 vs 20.25 ± 1.5; p &lt; 0.001), so HR did (113 ± 3.4 versus 96 ± 3.2 betas per minutes; p 0.015).
RAP varied consistently during the PEEP trial (either sRAP, dRAP and mRAP- Table and Figure 1). The TV changed signficnatly between the 1st and 3rd step (p 0.004) and the CLdyn varied consistently throughout the 3 steps of the PEEP trial (p &lt;0.001). A significant difference were observed according to aetiology in RAP (AMI Vs ADHF, eman difference 2.4 versus 4.3 mmHg) and in CLdyn (AMI Vs ADHF mean difference 12.31 vs 8 .65, p &lt; 0.01) but not in the other parameters evaluated (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
This is the first, small, study evaluating the effect of positive pressure ventilation in CS patients according to etiologies. As previously demonstrated PEEP influences the right side hemodynamic by increasing the RAP, although resulting in better CLdyn. The extent of the effect of PEEP increased may be dependent on the underlying aetiology of CS. Considering that the sample size is extremely limited, these results advocate a wider validation. However, the positive pressures induced by the ventilation in patient with CS should be taken in consideration when the comprehensive evaluation of hemodynamic to define congestion profile and phenotype are performed.Table 1.Hemodynamic parametersGraph PEEP vs RAP
Gender differences in cardiogenic shock: characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Parraga Gutierrez R , Ferrera C , Jimenez B , Cerrillo L , Noriega F J , Fernandez-Jimenez R , Nogales T , Nombela L , Fernandez-Ortiz A , Viana-Tejedor A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Hospital Clinico San Carlos.

Background
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition caused by severe heart dysfunction. While significant advances have been made in the management and treatment of cardiogenic shock, there is growing recognition of the importance of considering gender-specific differences in the presentation and outcomes of this condition. Recent research highlights gender-related variations in how the condition is presented, managed, and its outcomes. Understanding these differences is crucial for tailored and effective treatment. Our goal is to identify potential gender differences in terms of the characteristics and prognosis of CS.

Methods
From 2013 to 2023, 142 consecutive patients diagnosed with CS in and admitted to an Acute Cardiac Care Unit in a tertiary care hospital were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and analytical variables were retrospectively collected. Patient were followed-up to November-2023 and clinical events were also recorded. For purposes of analysis, patients were classified in woman (N=95) and men (N=47). Success, in terms of IABP use, was defined as patient’s survival to the index event. Failure of IABP was defined as in-hospital death. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of success. A descriptive analysis of clinical, analytical, and demographic parameters was performed in both groups, followed by a survival curve analysis to assess differences in prognosis between both sexes.

Results
Mean age was 67.3±12.2 years and 67.0% were females. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factor and comorbidities between groups: hypertension (61.2% vs 38.8%, p 0.077), diabetes (65.9% vs 34.1%, p 0.866), chronic kidney disease (75% vs 25%, p 0.465), previous stroke (61.5% vs 38.5%, p 0.666) in woman vs men group respectively. STEMI was the most frequent cause of CS requiring an IABP in men (33.7%) but NSTEMI was in women (67.7%). Regarding the CS classification, both groups had a similar distribution of the severity and complexity of the shock (Figure 1). There were also no differences in hemodynamic parameters, analytical results, complete revascularization, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between men and women (Figure 1). There were also no differences in hemodynamic parameters, analytical results, complete revascularization, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between men and women (Figure 1). The complications, mortality (Figure 2), and long-term mortality were also similar in both groups.

Conclusions
In our observational study, there were no differences between genders in terms of characteristics, shock complexity, and prognosis.
Lipid profile in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. Characteristics and effects of the program. The importance of small and dense LDL (LDLpd)
Authors: Lucas Garcia M , Paez Munoz R , Padilla Rodriguez G , Pelaz Sanchez M , Hidalgo Urbano R J , Martinez Quesada M M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
None.

Introduction
Recently it has been shown that not all lipid risk for atherosclerosis is due to LDL cholesterol. Both remnant particles and small and dense LDL (LDLpd) have been associated with a higer risk of the first cardiovascular events and recurrences.

Methods
We analyzed the lipid profile at admission of patients undergoing a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in a tertiary referral hospital, in association with other analytical parameters, clinical characteristics and outcomes of CR in these patients. We collected data from patients who completed the programme between January 2022 and March 2023 on admission and at the end of the programme. Clinical and anthropometric data and the results of the stress tests were collected. We defined a TG/HDL ratio greater than 2 as being associated with the presence of small and dense LDL.

Results
170 patients who had complete analytical profiles at hospital admission were included, 80.5% were male with a mean age 57.9+/-9 years, 92.5% were referred after an acute coronary syndrome, 25.6% were diabetic, 56.6% were smokers and 37.7% were obese.
LDLpd at hospital admission was present in 73.4% of the patients. Male gender was more likely (86.3 vs. 68.9%, p=0.01, p=0.01) as well as being obese (83.9 vs 68.8%, p=0.04). No differences were found in terms of age, presence of DM, smoking or peripheral arterial disease. Nor did functional capacity or baseline quality of life. Less improvement was found in the SF 36 questionnaire (-6 vs +20, p=0.011), but similar in ergometry.
Basal lipid profile was associated with higher total Ch values (173 vs 149, p=0.002), Ch LDL (104 vs 79, p=0.000), remnants (32 vs 14, p=0.000). As for baseline LDL, 51.6% with LDLpd,had it high LDL Ch&gt;100 mg/dl, compared to 22.2% of those without LDLpd (P=0.002).
As for the profile at discharge, we found that 63.5% still had LDLpd at discharge from the CR program ( vs. 15.9% of those without elevated LDLpd, P=0.000) and 22% had elevated remnants (P=0.002).
After CR, these patients still had higher TG values (128 vs 81, p=0.000), lower HDL-C (44 vs 56, p=0.003) and higher remnants (24 vs 17, p=0.000) despite the fact that a greater decrease in remnants and TG/HDL in this group.

Conclusions
More than one third of the patients who undergo a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in our centre have LDLpd. Initially, male and obese patients have higher LDL and remnants. A weaker effect of the CR program in improving the lipidic profile has been observed in those patients. Consideration should be given to enhance lipid-lowering and intensive weight-loss treatments to decrease cardiovascular risk in this population.
Evaluation of deep learning estimation of whole heart anatomy from automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance short- and long-axis analyses in UK Biobank
Authors: Muffoletto Marica , Xu Hao , Burns Richard , Suinesiaputra Avan , Nasopoulou Anastasia , Kunze Karl P , Neji Radhouene , Petersen Steffen E , Niederer Steven A , Rueckert Daniel , Young Alistair A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Standard methods of heart chamber volume estimation in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) typically utilize simple geometric formulae based on a limited number of slices. We aimed to evaluate whether an automated deep learning neural network prediction of 3D anatomy of all four chambers would show stronger associations with cardiovascular risk factors and disease than standard volume estimation methods in the UK Biobank.

Methods and results
A deep learning network was adapted to predict 3D segmentations of left and right ventricles (LV, RV) and atria (LA, RA) at ∼1 mm isotropic resolution from CMR short- and long-axis 2D segmentations obtained from a fully automated machine learning pipeline in 4723 individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 5733 without in the UK Biobank. Relationships between volumes at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) and risk/disease factors were quantified using univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses. Strength of association between deep learning volumes and standard volumes was compared using the area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (AUC). Univariate and multivariate associations between deep learning volumes and most risk and disease factors were stronger than for standard volumes (higher R2 and more significant P-values), particularly for sex, age, and body mass index. AUCs for all logistic regressions were higher for deep learning volumes than standard volumes (P &lt; 0.001 for all four chambers at ED and ES).

Conclusion
Neural network reconstructions of whole heart volumes had significantly stronger associations with CVD and risk factors than standard volume estimation methods in an automatic processing pipeline.
Rescue retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation of ventricular tachycardia storm in a patient with Lamin A/C cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: De Smet Maarten A J , Tavernier Rene , Duytschaever Mattias , Knecht Sébastien , le Polain de Waroux Jean-Benoît 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular (LV) summit arrhythmias account for up to 14% of LV arrhythmias. The ablation of LV summit arrhythmias is challenging, as testified by the fact that radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation failure is frequent. Retrograde coronary venous ethanol infusion has been proposed as an alternative approach for the ablation of LV summit arrhythmias.

Case summary
A 47-year-old man with Lamin A/C cardiomyopathy was referred for the ablation of a pleiomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) storm, with dominant morphology compatible with LV summit origin. He first received a combined endo- and epicardial RF ablation with the elimination of three clinically relevant VTs. However, the dominant VT could not be ablated due to the proximity of the coronary vasculature and phrenic nerve and remained inducible. Accordingly, an urgent rescue redo procedure consisting of retrograde coronary venous ethanol ablation was performed. Based on the best pace-match and precocity, the first septal, retro-pulmonary branch and the first diagonal branch were infused with ethanol with immediate cessation of the tachycardia and non-inducibility. Anti-arrhythmic drugs were withdrawn, while guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure was continued. No complications occurred. After 3 months, the patient remained free from any arrythmias.

Discussion
Ablation of LV summit arrythmias is challenging, especially in the context of an electrical storm or in patients with structural heart disease. In such a situation, rescue ablation with retrograde coronary venous ethanol infusion represents an attractive alternative ablation modality.
Genomic resources of aquatic Lepidoptera, Elophila obliteralis and Hyposmocoma kahamanoa, reveal similarities with Trichoptera in amino acid composition of major silk genes
Authors: Heckenhauer Jacqueline , Plotkin David , Martinez Jose I , Bethin Jacob , Pauls Steffen U , Frandsen Paul B , Kawahara Akito Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While most species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have entirely terrestrial life histories, ∼0.5% of the described species are known to have an aquatic larval stage. Larvae of aquatic Lepidoptera are similar to caddisflies (Trichoptera) in that they use silk to anchor themselves to underwater substrates or to build protective cases. However, the physical properties and genetic elements of silks in aquatic Lepidoptera remain unstudied, as most research on lepidopteran silk has focused on the commercially important silkworm, Bombyx mori. Here, we provide high-quality PacBio HiFi genome assemblies of 2 distantly-related aquatic Lepidoptera species [Elophila obliteralis (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) and Hyposmocoma kahamanoa (Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae)]. As a step toward understanding the evolution of underwater silk in aquatic Lepidoptera, we used the genome assemblies and compared them to published genetic data of aquatic and terrestrial Lepidoptera. Sequences of the primary silk protein, h-fibroin, in aquatic moths have conserved termini and share a basic motif structure with terrestrial Lepidoptera. However, these sequences were similar to aquatic Trichoptera in that the percentage of positively and negatively charged amino acids was much higher than in terrestrial Lepidoptera, indicating a possible adaptation of silks to aquatic environments.
FlourishCare Model of Integrated Care: The Validation of the Flourish Index—Revised
Authors: Faul Anna C , D’Ambrosio Joseph G , Cotton Samantha G , Dobson Molly M , Furman Christian D , Gordon Barbara A , Linzy Katherine E , Yankeelov Pamela A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study validates the Flourish Index–Revised (FI-R), a tool evaluating integrated healthcare models. The original Flourish Index (FI) was developed in 2018 and has been refined to align with the FlourishCare (FC) Model (Model) for geriatric primary care.

Research Design and Methods
The Model provides integrated biopsychosocial healthcare to older adults. The FI-R uses 25 quality-of-care indicators and 7 contextual community indicators. The FI-R was validated with Categorial Principal Components Analysis (CATPCA) using a sample of 949 patients 50+ who were mostly female (73%), non-Hispanic White (70%), living in urban areas (90%), and married (29%), single (22%), or divorced (19%). The mean age was 73.46 (standard deviation [SD] = 10.86) and mean years of education was 14.30 (SD = 2.14).

Results
CATPCA showed a 4-dimensional structure of biological, psychological, and 2 social determinants of health (SDOH) subdomains: health behaviors and community. Final selection of indicators was based on total variance accounted for &gt;0.30, absolute values of item loadings &gt;0.45, and not having cross-loadings &gt;0.45 on 2 factors. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the determinants were biological = 0.75, psychological = 0.76, SDOH:community = 0.70, SDOH:health behaviors = 0.50, and total FI-R = 0.95. Sensitivity to change was shown for the total FI-R, psychological determinants, and SDOH:health behaviors, but not for biological determinants.

Discussion and Implications
The validation of the FI-R shows promise for its usability to evaluate integrated healthcare models using existing measures in electronic health systems. More work is needed to improve the incorporation of SDOH:sociodemographics into the FI-R.
The expression of mantle seismic anisotropy in the global seismic wavefield
Authors: Wolf Jonathan , Long Maureen D , Frost Daniel A , Nissen-Meyer Tarje 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
The dependence of seismic wave speeds on propagation or polarization direction, called seismic anisotropy, is a relatively direct indicator of mantle deformation and flow. Mantle seismic anisotropy is often inferred from measurements of shear-wave splitting. A number of standard techniques to measure shear-wave splitting have been applied globally; for example, *KS splitting is often used to measure upper mantle anisotropy. In order to obtain robust constraints on anisotropic geometry, it is necessary to sample seismic anisotropy from different directions, ideally using different seismic phases with different incidence angles. However, many standard analysis techniques can only be applied for certain epicentral distances and source–receiver geometries. To search for new ways to detect mantle anisotropy, instead of focusing on the sensitivity of individual phases, we investigate the wavefield as a whole: we apply a ‘wavefield differencing’ approach to (systematically) understand what parts of the seismic wavefield are most affected by splitting due to seismic anisotropy in the mantle. We analyze differences between synthetic global wavefields calculated for isotropic and anisotropic input models, incorporating seismic anisotropy at different depths. Our results confirm that the seismic phases that are commonly used in splitting techniques are indeed strongly influenced by mantle anisotropy. However, we also identify less commonly used phases whose waveforms reflect the effects of anisotropy. For example, PS is strongly affected by splitting due to seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. We show that PS can be used to fill in gaps in global coverage in shear-wave splitting data sets (for example, beneath ocean basins). We find that PcS is also a promising phase, and present a proof-of-concept example of PcS splitting analysis across the contiguous United States using an array processing approach. Because PcS is recorded at much shorter distances than *KS phases, PcS splitting can therefore fill in gaps in backazimuthal coverage. Our wavefield differencing results further hint at additional potential novel methods to detect and characterize splitting due to mantle seismic anisotropy.
The Duty of Arbitrators to Raise Suspected Corruption or to Investigate Poorly Particularized Allegations of Corruption
Authors: Trein Margrit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A question that continues to trouble and divide arbitral tribunals concerns the way in which they should or must conduct themselves in circumstances where they either suspect that the dispute before them is tainted by corruption, but neither party has raised allegations of corruption, or where a party simply asserts corruption, but does not attempt to particularize its allegations properly, let alone seek to substantiate them. These issues are not purely academic, they do arise in practice. The approaches that arbitral tribunals take in such situations vary greatly, with passive approaches eroding trust in the integrity and legitimacy of arbitration. This article seeks to contribute to the existing literature by providing an analytical framework by reference to applicable laws and rules to ascertain in what circumstances the duty of arbitral tribunals to raise or investigate their suspicions of corruption is triggered and explores the contours and content of the duty.
Redox Biomarkers in Asymptomatic Latent Human Tuberculosis: A Comparison With Active Disease
Authors: Petrillo Sara , Di Prinzio Reparata Rosa , Quatrana Andrea , Santoro Annapaola , Torda Caterina , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Raponi Massimiliano , Zaffina Salvatore , Piemonte Fiorella 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Latent tuberculosis infection is an asymptomatic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown a host-protective role for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during M. tuberculosis infection and an important involvement of glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) in the necrotic pathology of the disease. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggesting a crucial role for glutathione (GSH) in the granulomatous response to M. tuberculosis infection, with altered GSH levels associated with decreased host resistance. The aim of this study was to provide additional tools for discriminating between the pathologic tuberculosis state and asymptomatic infection.

Methods
We analyzed the expression of genes coding for HO-1 and GPX4 enzymes in blood of subjects with latent tuberculosis infection, active tuberculosis, and healthy controls, and we also measured blood levels of the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione, together with evaluation of GCL coding gene expression, responsible for GSH de novo synthesis.

Results
Our findings highlight a shift in glutathione homeostasis towards a more reducing conditions in latent tuberculosis infection, and a different modulation of GSH-dependent genes and HO-1 expression compared to active tuberculosis.

Conclusions
This study provides useful tools to understand the redox background that directs the infection toward the asymptomatic or active disease.
Gender Washing War: Arms Manufacturers and the Hijacking of #InternationalWomensDay
Authors: Jester Natalie , Walters Rosie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
If asked what “arms manufacturer” first brings to mind, few people would likely answer “women’s rights.” And yet, each International Women’s Day (IWD), leading global arms manufacturers present themselves as working to help bring about gender equality. “Gender washing” refers to corporate social responsibility communications aimed at presenting a corporation as empowering to women and girls, even while their own products, supply chains, or employment practices harm them. In this article, we show how arms manufacturers use social media communications about IWD to gender wash their images, positioning themselves as progressive and caring. Bringing into conversation feminist work in Security Studies and International Political Economy, we identify new varieties of gender washing specific to war and martial violence: client military and government partnerships, and constructive silence. We also expand the global hierarchy of publics targeted by gender washing communications, reflecting the fact that unlike other transnational corporations, arms manufacturers are not concerned with garnering “brand loyalty” amongst the general public. Rather, they communicate both to and with Global North governments and militaries. Thus, what is at stake in these representations, we argue, is not simply the reputation of the individual corporations concerned, but a broader process of gender washing war.