bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oriented matroids from triangulations of products of simplices
Authors: Celaya Marcel , Loho Georg , Yuen Chi Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce a construction of oriented matroids from a triangulation of a product of two simplices. For this, we use the structure of such a triangulation in terms of polyhedral matching fields. The oriented matroid is composed of compatible chirotopes on the cells in a matroid subdivision of the hypersimplex, which might be of independent interest. In particular, we generalize this using the language of matroids over hyperfields, which gives a new approach to construct matroids over hyperfields. A recurring theme in our work is that various tropical constructions can be extended beyond tropicalization with new formulations and proof methods.
Laser powder bed fusion of NdFeB and influence of powder bed heating on density and magnetic properties
Authors: Genç Kübra , Toyting Sirapob , Galindo-Nava Enrique , Todd Iain , Mumtaz Kamran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technique that provides an opportunity to create complex NdFeB magnets, potentially enhancing their performance. L-PBF possesses its own processing challenges, such as porosity/cracks and thermal stresses due to rapid cooling. This study focused on optimizing the parameters and the use of elevated temperature (300–550 °C) powder bed heating to reduce defect generation. This paper includes a detailed process parameter investigation, which revealed samples with a maximum energy product, (BH)max, of 81 kJ/m3 (remanence, Br 0.72 T; coercivity, Hci 891 kA/m) without post/pretreatment, which are the highest (BH)max and Br for L-PBF-processed NdFeB commercial powder. It was observed that all the high-magnetism samples possessed high density, but not all the high-density samples possessed high magnetism. The SEM images and discussions are academically valuable since they clearly illustrate grain formation and morphology in the melt pool, areas where the literature provides limited discussion. Furthermore, this paper incorporates quantitative phase analyses, revealing that the magnetic properties increase with increasing volume fraction of the strong magnetic phase Nd2Fe14B. Another significant contribution of this paper is that it is the first study to investigate the effect of heated bed on L-PBF-NdFeB alloys. The density of the samples and Br can be improved with the use of elevated powder bed heating, while the Hc decreases. The (BH)max can also be improved from 55 to 84 kJ/m3 through elevated powder bed heating. The maximum magnetic properties obtained with the heated bed (400 °C) were as follows: Br, 0.76 T; Hci, 750 kA/m; and (BH)max, 84 kJ/m3.
Snacks from the sea: a cross-national comparison of consumer acceptance for crackers added with algae
Authors: Rabitti Noemi Sofia , Bayudan Simoun , Laureati Monica , Neugart Susanne , Schouteten Joachim Jietse , Apelman Linnea , Dahlstedt Sermin , Sandvik Pernilla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the main priorities of current food systems is to develop new and healthy foods to overcome food shortages considering consumer’s expectations. Algae are receiving increasing attention as nutritious and sustainable food, though studies are limited mainly to Arthrospira and Chlorella species and cross-national research is scant. This study aims to investigate European consumers’ liking and perception of crackers added with powders from Arthrospira platensis (green Spirulina), isolated proteins from Arthrospira platensis (blue Spirulina), Palmaria palmata, Saccharina latissima, Lithothamnium calcareum and a control cracker. Belgian, German, Italian, and Swedish participants (n = 413, 18–69 years, 59.8% females) evaluated cracker liking and perceived sensory attributes using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) task. Food neophobia, familiarity towards, and consumption of algae were also collected. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analyses showed that across all countries, Lithothamnium calcareum, blue Spirulina and the control samples were perceived as similar and were liked more than the other crackers. “Sweet”, “toasted bread”, and “bland” attributes were significant contributors to liking, while “off-flavor”, “fishy flavor”, “umami” and “speckled” contributed negatively. PLSR performed by country provided similar results except for Italians who liked the green Spirulina sample equally as the samples added with Lithothamnium calcareum, blue Spirulina, and the control. These cross-national differences can be ascribed to Italians’ lower food neophobia level. The present results suggest that Lithothamnium calcareum is the most promising algal species to be exploited in food formulations and that the use of isolated proteins from Spirulina (blue Spirulina) significantly reduces off-flavors, consequently improving consumers’ acceptance.
The combined effects of ocean warming and ocean acidification on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) early life stages
Authors: Slesinger Emily , Mundorff Samantha , Laurel Benjamin J. , Hurst Thomas P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe eastern North Pacific is simultaneously experiencing ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), which may negatively affect fish early life stages. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is an economically and ecologically important species with demonstrated sensitivity to OW and OA, but their combined impacts are unknown. Through a ~ 9-week experiment, Pacific cod embryos and larvae were reared at one of six combinations of three temperatures (3, 6, 10 °C) and two CO2 levels (ambient: ~ 360 μatm; high: ~ 1560 μatm) in a factorial design. Both embryonic and larval mortality were highest at the warmest temperature. Embryonic daily mortality rates were lower under elevated CO2 and there was no effect of CO2 level on larval daily mortality rates. Growth rates of young larvae (0 to 11 days post-hatch) were faster at warmer temperatures and at high CO2 levels, but growth during the 11–28 days post-hatch interval increased by temperature alone. The condition of larvae decreased with age, but less markedly under high CO2 levels. However, at 6 °C, fish incubated in ambient CO2 remained in higher condition than fish in the high CO2 treatment throughout the experiment. Overall, temperature had the greater influence on Pacific cod early life stages across each measurement endpoint, while CO2 effects were more modest and inconsistent. Subtle developmental differences in larval Pacific cod could be magnified later in life and important in the context of recruitment. These results show the complexity of stage- and trait-specific responses to and value of investigating the combined effects of co-occurring climatic stressors.
When are females dominant over males in rats (Rattus norvegicus)?
Authors: Puentes-Escamilla Miguel A. , Schweinfurth Manon K. , Hemelrijk Charlotte K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In group-living animals, males are assumed to be dominant over females when they are larger than females. Despite this, females have sometimes been proven to be dominant over some males via the winner-loser effect, which becomes stronger when the intensity of aggression in the group is higher. To test whether the winner-loser effect leads to (partial) female dominance in a species with a pronounced sexual dimorphism, we studied the hierarchy in 12 rat colonies (Rattus norvegicus) in which the rats could freely interact with their group members within a spacious area. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we compared the empirical data to hypotheses generated by the agent-based model ‘DomWorld’. We show that females dominated on average 55% of the males, and occupied the alpha position in four colonies, in three of them they shared it with one or several males. Moreover, in line with the predictions of the computational model, females dominated a higher percentage of males when the intensity of aggression of the colony was higher. This shows that although females are only half as heavy as males, they dominate part of the males probably through the winner-loser effect. We suggest that this effect may be widespread in many other species and can be tested experimentally.

Significance statement
It is often assumed that males automatically dominate females because males are bigger and stronger than females in many species. However, the present study shows that females can dominate males due to the winner-loser effect. We used an agent-based computational model to generate specific hypotheses that we empirically tested in a large sample of rat colonies. Despite this species having a pronounced male-biased sex dimorphism, some females dominated males – with one female even occupying an unshared alpha position. Such partial female dominance was stronger in colonies with higher intensity of aggression. Here, defeated males may suffer a drastic decrease in their fighting capability and consequently give females more opportunities to surpass them in the hierarchy.
I need some space: solitary nesting Adélie penguins demonstrate an alternative breeding strategy at Cape Crozier
Authors: Cox A. M. , Khor D. J. , Elrod M. L. , Lescroël A. , Ballard G. , Schmidt A. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccording to the ‘selfish herd’ hypothesis, most seabird species breed colonially so that individuals can decrease their risk of predation by forming compact groups. However, costs and benefits associated with colonial breeding may not be evenly distributed among individuals within a colony. At Adélie penguin colonies, individuals nesting on the periphery of subcolonies (distinct groups of nests) may experience higher rates of nest predation by south polar skuas, and thus the optimal aggregation pattern for Adélie penguins may be within groups that minimize the proportion of edge nests. Nevertheless, some penguins choose to nest solitarily, at significant distances from conspecifics. We tracked 50 of these “solitary-nesting” Adélie penguins at Cape Crozier, a large colony on Ross Island, during the 2021 nesting season and compared their breeding success to individuals nesting within subcolony boundaries. We found that both solitary and subcolony nests successfully raised chicks large enough to join crèches and left unattended by adults. However, chicks from solitary nests exhibited a rate of mortality more than six times higher during the transition from nest brooding/guarding to crèche stage. In the 2022 nesting season, we found that solitary nests which had previously hosted actively breeding penguins were more likely to be re-occupied. Solitary nesting therefore appears to be a less-successful alternative to breeding within subcolonies, but enough individuals could be successful with this approach to maintain the apparently disadvantageous behavior and effectively pioneer previously unused locations, possibly including eventual new colony locations.
DNA metabarcoding as a tool for characterising the spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic larvae in the phylum Echinodermata
Authors: Byrne Ilha , Riginos Cynthia , Uthicke Sven , Brookes Dean , Popovic Iva 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabarcoding is revolutionising the analysis of biodiversity in marine ecosystems, especially as it provides a means of detecting and identifying cryptic life stages in field samples. The planktonic larval stage of many species underpins the abundance and distribution of adult populations but is challenging to characterise given the small size of larvae and diffuse distributions in pelagic waters. Yet, planktonic larval dynamics are key to understanding phenomena observed in adult populations, such as the boom-and-bust dynamics exhibited by some echinoderms. Rapid changes in echinoderm population density can have significant effects on local benthic ecosystems. For example, outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS) on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have led to considerable declines in coral cover. Here, we used a DNA metabarcoding approach to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution and diversity of echinoderm larvae on the GBR, including CoTS. Generalised linear mixed models revealed that echinoderm larval richness, was significantly correlated with temporal variables (i.e. season and year) which is consistent with expected fluctuations in larval output based on adult spawning periodicity. However, neither site-specific differences in echinoderm larval richness, nor correlations between larval composition and environmental, temporal, or spatial variables were found. This study validates the utility of metabarcoding approaches for detecting and characterising echinoderm larvae, including CoTS, which could prove useful to future monitoring efforts. Our findings suggest that metabarcoding can be used to better understand the life history of planktonic larvae, and analyses combining environmental (e.g., temperature, nutrients) and oceanographic (e.g., currents) data could deliver valuable information on the factors influencing their spatio-temporal distributions.
Changes in Hormonal Profiles and Corresponding Gene Expressions During the Initiation and Development of Juice Sac Primordia in Citrus Ovaries and Fruitlets
Authors: Assili Siwar , Doron-Faigenboim Adi , Moreno Alfonso Ant Albacete , Rivero Rosa M. , Sadka Avi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe edible part of citrus fruit is composed of juice vesicles/sacs which develop from the endocarp, the two to three inner cell layers of the white spongy peel termed albedo. Juice sac primordia usually appear 1 week after anthesis. Hormones, especially auxin and gibberellin, play a role in pericarp development during the ovary-to-fruit transition, but their effect on juice vesicle induction has not been studied. Here, hormone profiling in the pericarp and changes in the expression of their corresponding genes in the endocarp and pericarp were compared between two citrus cultivars: Calabria citron, in which juice sacs develop normally, and Yemenite citron, in which juice sac formation does not initiate. Most of the identified hormones, abscisic acid, gibberellin A4, indole-3-acetic acid, isopentenyladenine, jasmonic acid and zeatin riboside, were at higher levels in Yemenite than in Calabria. Overall, changes in abscisic acid levels in the pericarp were very well correlated with changes in the expression of abscisic acid-related genes in the endocarp. However, the application of various hormones, including abscisic acid, to Calabria flowers failed to arrest juice sac initiation. The possible involvement of abscisic acid and other hormones in the process of juice vesicle initiation and pericarp growth is discussed.
Approach to simple kidney cysts in children
Authors: Dell Katherine M. , Hartung Erum A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe finding of a simple kidney cyst in a child can pose a diagnostic and management challenge for pediatric nephrologists, urologists, and primary care providers. The reported prevalence varies from 0.22 to 1% in large ultrasonography-based series of more than 10,000 children each. The true prevalence, however, may be higher or lower, as factors such as variations in referral patterns, indications for ultrasonography, or technical considerations could impact prevalence rates. For many patients, simple kidney cysts may be found incidentally when imaging is performed for another indication. Although simple cysts can occur in children, they may also represent the first sign of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or other less common cystic kidney diseases. Definitive guidelines regarding the evaluation and monitoring of children with simple kidney cysts have not been established. The desire on the part of the practitioner and/or parents to establish a definitive diagnosis should be balanced with the cost and inconvenience of repeated imaging and visits with specialists. The goals of this review are to (1) outline the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and natural history of simple kidney cysts in childhood; (2) describe clinical features that could suggest a diagnosis other than a simple kidney cyst; and (3) present a suggested framework for evaluating and monitoring of children with one or more simple kidney cysts.
Graphical Abstract
Analysis of the distribution of energy poverty in southern Spain: the relevance of working at the neighbourhood level
Authors: Clavijo-Núñez Susana , Herrera-Limones Rafael , Rey-Pérez Julia , Roa-Fernández Jorge , Hernández-Valencia Miguel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid methodology to represent the energy poverty situation in neighbourhoods with high vulnerability indices, using public data sources and surveys designed for local contexts. As an innovation, the method includes aspects of feminisation poverty, household health and information collected directly from the case study population. The San Pablo neighbourhood, in southern Spain, has been taken as a case study, to extrapolate the strategy to similar European neighbourhoods. The research has made it possible to identify new factors affecting the energy poverty situation, such as the domestic burden associated with households or the lack of accessibility to dwellings. The incorporation of this type of indicators, which have been analysed according to sex, has made it possible to highlight the process of feminisation of energy poverty in the territory under study. Based on the groups identified as the most vulnerable, new lines of research are opened to define actions and best practices that can be implemented to improve household energy vulnerability.
Optimization of pollutants removal from anaerobically digested dairy wastewater by electro-oxidation process: a response surface methodology modeling and validation
Authors: Das Ashish Kumar , Reza Arif , Chen Lide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe release of anaerobically digested dairy wastewater (ANDDW) without a treatment can lead to severe environmental pollution, prompting the exploration of effective and sustainable treatment methods. Amidst various wastewater treatment approaches, the electro-oxidation (EO) process is considered as a promising, clean, and adaptable solution. In this study, the major operational parameters viz. current density, electrolyte concentration, treatment time, and mixing speed of an EO comprising Ti/PbO2 anode and stainless-steel cathode, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for efficient removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (OP), total nitrogen (TN), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) from ANDDW. Optimal conditions were identified as a current density of 90 mA cm−2, 0.08% electrolyte concentration, 180 min treatment time, and 400 rpm mixing speed. Under the optimum conditions, the COD, NH3-N, TP, OP, TN, and TKN removal efficiencies were 78.36, 63.93, 87.41, 92.39, 67.01, and 81.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the reaction rate followed the first-order kinetic model for the pollutants removal with correlation coefficients (R2) close to 1. The findings highlight the potential of using the EO process to treat high pollutant-laden ANDDW and encourage further studies to confirm the corresponding outcomes on a pilot scale.
Graphical abstract
Reliability, Validity and Acceptability of the PEDI-CAT with ASD Scales for Australian Children and Youth on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Chamberlain Angela , D’Arcy Emily , Whitehouse Andrew JO , Wallace Kerry , Hayden-Evans Maya , Girdler Sonya , Milbourn Benjamin , Bölte Sven , Evans Kiah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The PEDI-CAT (ASD) is used to assess functioning of children and youth on the autism spectrum; however, current psychometric evidence is limited. This study aimed to explore the reliability, validity and acceptability of the PEDI-CAT (ASD) using a large Australian sample.

Methods
Caregivers of 134 children and youth on the spectrum participated in clinical assessments involving the administration of the PEDI-CAT (ASD), Vineland-3, PEDI-CAT (Original) and a feedback instrument. The PEDI-CAT (ASD) content was compared to the ICF Core Sets for ASD to summarize areas of functioning assessed and relevance to autism.

Results
The PEDI-CAT (ASD) demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency and test-re-test reliability. Parallel forms reliability with the PEDI-CAT (Original) included significant correlations (good to excellent), however, t-tests showed significantly higher Social/Cognitive scores for the ASD version. Convergent validity results demonstrated that most PEDI-CAT (ASD) and Vineland-3 core domains were significantly correlated (poor to good). Content analysis revealed that the PEDI-CAT (ASD) covered less than half of the ICF Core Sets for ASD (mostly Activities and Participation codes). Just over half the codes assigned to the PEDI-CAT (ASD) were represented in the ICF Core Sets for ASD. Feedback on the acceptability of the measure was mixed, but overall was it was considered user-friendly and efficient.

Conclusion
The PEDI-CAT (ASD) had adequate psychometric properties and acceptability as a measure of Activities and Participation codes. However, it lacks comprehensiveness and relevance when compared to the ICF Core Sets for ASD and has the potential to overestimate functioning.
Lóngyóu tones and tone sandhi
Authors: Chen Sherry Yong , Kenstowicz Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper is a descriptive and analytic study of the tones and tone sandhi of the Southern Wu dialect of Lóngyóu (龙游), a city of c. 400,000 inhabitants located about 375 km southwest of Shanghai in Western Zhejiang Province, China. It is based on data collected in 2018 from two female native speakers. Our data is analyzed with Praat (Boersma and Weenick in Praat: doing phonetics by computer, 1992–2021) to document the F0 and duration correlates to the tonal categories and their sandhi changes. Evidence is presented for the representation of the tones in terms of Register and Contour (Bao in On the nature of tone, 1990; The structure of tone, Oxford University Press, 1999). One of the sandhis is analyzed as the conjunction of two Optimality Theoretic (Prince and Smolensky in Optimality theory, MIT Press, 1993, 2004) markedness constraints. A lexically-determined reflex of the Middle Chinese chiuhsheng metatony is also documented.
How Does China Conduct Industrial Policy: Analyzing Words Versus Deeds
Authors: García-Herrero Alicia , Krystyanczuk Michal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes how China’s industrial policy works focusing on the setting of objectives (“words”) and their implementation (“deeds”). In particular, we investigate how objectives vary across central and local Five-Year Plans (FYPs), in terms of industry preferences, and also compare such objectives with those included in China’s landmark industrial policy, “Made in China 2025.” Notwithstanding China’s centralization of policy planning, we find relevant sectoral differences between central and provincial planning and key industrial policy documents. Secondly, we look at how decisions are made in the realm of China’s industrial policy (“deeds”). To this end, we assess empirically why certain companies are selected under the most recent grand industrial policy strategy, the 10,000 Little Giants, a spin-off of “Made in China 2025.” Out of the key four criteria of selection (i.e., “words”), one is missed in most cases, namely the concentration of the business activity in the relevant sector. Secondly, the intensity of R&D is only significant in the most recent batches of selected companies. For the last two (revenue generation and leverage), there is no noticeable difference between the selected companies and the others. Our results point to the complexities in conducting industrial policy in China as words and deeds do not necessarily align.