bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QuarterWatch Signals for Two Newly Approved Drugs: Dabigatran and Dalfampridine/Include Purpose on Rx/Use of Two Pumps Allows Bypass of Drug Library/Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Tackles Postoperative Opioid Monitoring/Lilly Updates Humulin R U-500 Label
Authors: Michael R. Cohen , Judy L. Smetzer 
Published: December 2011

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Drug Shortages: Process for Evaluating Impact on Patient Safety
Authors: Elyse A. MacDonald , Erin R. Fox , Linda S. Tyler 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Drug shortages can seriously impact patient safety. The objective of this study was to develop safety assessment checklists for use during a drug shortage, whether the same drug is available or an alternative is required. Methods A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was conducted following the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's FMEA tool. Each step of the medication use process was reviewed for the potential impact of a shortage-related event. The likelihood of occurrence, likelihood of detection, and severity of potential harm were determined and rated by a multidisciplinary team. To supplement the results of the FMEA, a survey focusing on the perception of patient safety during a drug shortage was developed and sent to various e-mail lists. These data were used to develop the safety assessment checklists. Results Common safety concerns associated with drug shortages in multiple areas of the medication use process include possible look-alike sound-alike issues and delays in patient care. The FMEA and survey results noted that unfamiliarity with an alternative agent was a high vulnerability during a shortage where an alternative is required. The potential for incorrect doses was the greatest concern during a shortage where the same drug is available, but in a different concentration or presentation. Conclusion Drug shortages create patient safety risks. Safety assessment checklists for use when the same drug is available and when an alternative is required during a drug shortage were developed to aid institutions in preventing patient safety impacts.
Cephalosporins for Patients with a History of Penicillin Allergy: The Safety of an Oral Test Dose
Authors: Mamta Sharma , Pramodini B. Kale-Pradhan , Jason Taylor , Riad Khatib 
Published: December 2011

Background Cephalosporins are often avoided in patients labeled with penicillin allergy due to potential cross-reaction. We describe the utility of an oral cephalosporin test dose in patients with penicillin allergy. Method A retrospective review of all inpatients labeled with penicillin allergy who received a single oral cephalosporin dose, identified through the pharmacy records between April 1, 2004 and October 30, 2008. Results Ninety-seven inpatients met our selection criteria. Type of penicillin reaction was described as rash/hives/pruritis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, and unknown in 53 (54.7%), 10 (10.3%), 7 (7.2%), and 27 (27.8%) cases, respectively. The test dose used was cephalexin 250 mg (56.7%) or 125 mg (35.1%) and cefuroxime axetil 125 mg (8.2%). Reaction to the test dose was noted in 5 (5.2%) patients, including rash (n=2), breathing difficulty (n=2), and asymptomatic eosinophilia (n=1). Breathing difficulty resolved with diphenhydramine/corticosteroids in one case and without any therapy in the other. Cephalosporin therapy was initiated within 3 hours (interquartile range, 2-6 hours) after test dose in 90/93 patients without test-dose reaction. Two (2.2 %) patients developed reaction during treatment: rash (n=1) and angioedema (n=1). One case complained of anxiety, and therapy was interrupted. Test-dose and treatment reactions were transient and easily managed. Conclusions An oral cephalosporin test dose was safe in patients labeled with penicillin allergy and predicted subsequent cephalosporin tolerance in nearly 90% of patients.
Scientific Basis of Hyponatremia and Its Clinical Presentations
Authors: Adams Kirkwood F. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To describe causes, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and classifications of hyponatremia, and to describe clinical symptoms and underlying disease states associated with different levels of hyponatremia. Summary The key to comprehending hyponatremia is to understand body water content and plasma osmolality and accurately assess arterial volume. Hyponatremia results from sodium dilution because of retained water or sodium depletion because of electrolyte loss in excess of water loss. Body sodium, water, and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume are tightly regulated by mechanisms that act to maintain a closely controlled concentration of solutes in the ECF. These forces act to regulate water content and sodium excretion to maintain normal intravascular volume. The body closely defends normal plasma osmolality within a narrow range primarily by controlling the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and via the thirst mechanism. A number of factors can stimulate inappropriate AVP release and cause or worsen hyponatremia. Dysregulation of AVP plays an important role in heart failure and cirrhosis, common causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia. Conclusion Body water content and plasma osmolality are tightly regulated by the action of AVP. A variety of disease states are associated with hyponatremia related to inappropriate AVP release. The cause of the electrolyte disturbance must be determined, because it can have profound implications for treatment. Differential diagnosis can be guided by observation of the rapidity of onset as well as volume status changes. If untreated or treated inappropriately, hyponatremia can impact morbidity and mortality.
Cost Issues in Hyponatremia
Authors: Rhoney Denise H. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To describe the morbidity and mortality associated with hyponatremia and its impact on health care costs and outcomes in the United States, describe the role of pharmacists in the overall management of hyponatremia, and identify and address cost and resource allocation issues. Summary Hyponatremia places a significant burden on overall hospital and health care costs. Underrecognition of the disorder and inappropriate hospital management can lead to worse outcomes, impacting length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and clinical outcomes. Risk of mortality rises with increasing severity of hyponatremia, but even mild hyponatremia is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. The association with mortality is particularly robust in patients admitted to the hospital with cardiovascular disease and metastatic cancer. For patients admitted to the ICU, severe hyponatremia is a predictor of mortality. Elderly patients with admission hyponatremia face an especially poor prognosis. Resolving hyponatremia during hospitalization decreases the risk of mortality, suggesting that improved identification and aggressive monitoring may lead to more appropriate treatment. Pharmacoeconomic data can be utilized to support clinical decision-making in the management of hyponatremia by evaluating drug therapy and by monitoring hyponatremia development and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: Prompt recognition and optimal management of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients may reduce mortality and symptom severity, allow for less intensive care, decrease LOS and associated costs, and improve treatment of underlying comorbid conditions and quality of life. Pharmacists have a key role in optimizing the management of hyponatremia.
Agent-noun polysemy in a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Luschützky Hans Christian , Rainer Franz 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
According to a widely held opinion, agent-instrument polysemy in derivational morphology is the result of semantic extension from agent to instrument meaning. In the present paper we set out to explore the cross-linguistic distribution of patterns of polysemy along the agent-instrument axis. It turns out that about forty percent in a sample of 82 languages expressing both agent and instrument meaning by derivational morphology have markers that are polysemous for the categories in question. A closer look at the data reveals, however, that many of these prima-facie cases of agent-instrument polysemy have arisen not by semantic extension from agent to instrument meaning, but in a number of different ways.
Shared Decision-Making and Health Care Expenditures Among Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Mayne Stephanie , Localio A. Russell , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Guevara James P. 
Published: December 2011

Background And Objectives
To understand the association between shared decision-making (SDM) and health care expenditures and use among children with special health care needs (CSHCN).

Methods
We identified CSHCN &lt;18 years in the 2002–2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey by using the CSHCN Screener. Outcomes included health care expenditures (total, out-of-pocket, office-based, inpatient, emergency department [ED], and prescription) and utilization (hospitalization, ED and office visit, and prescription rates). The main exposure was the pattern of SDM over the 2 study years (increasing, decreasing, or unchanged high or low). We assessed the impact of these patterns on the change in expenditures and utilization over the 2 study years.

Results
Among 2858 subjects representing 12 million CSHCN, 15.9% had increasing, 15.2% decreasing, 51.9% unchanged high, and 17.0% unchanged low SDM. At baseline, mean per child total expenditures were $2131. Over the 2 study years, increasing SDM was associated with a decrease of $339 (95% confidence interval: $21, $660) in total health care costs. Rates of hospitalization and ED visits declined by 4.0 (0.1, 7.9) and 11.3 (4.3, 18.3) per 100 CSHCN, and office visits by 1.2 (0.3, 2.0) per child with increasing SDM. Relative to decreasing SDM, increasing SDM was associated with significantly lower total and out-of-pocket costs, and fewer office visits.

Conclusions
We found that increasing SDM was associated with decreased utilization and expenditures for CSHCN. Prospective study is warranted to confirm if fostering SDM reduces the costs of caring for CSHCN for the health system and families.
Mortality and Adverse Neurologic Outcomes Are Greater in Preterm Male Infants
Authors: Kent Alison L. , Wright Ian M. R. , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E. ,   the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Units Audit Group
Published: December 2011

Objective:To determine whether male gender has an effect on survival, early neonatal morbidity, and long-term outcome in neonates born extremely prematurely.Methods:Retrospective review of the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Data Collection of all infants admitted to New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory neonatal intensive care units between January 1998 and December 2004. The primary outcome was hospital mortality and functional impairment at 2 to 3 years follow-up.Results:Included in the study were 2549 neonates; 54.7% were male. Risks of grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and major surgery were found to be increased in male neonates. Hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.285, 95% confidence interval 1.035–1.595) and moderate to severe functional disability at 2 to 3 years of age (odds ratio 1.877, 95% confidence interval 1.398–2.521) were more likely in male infants. Gender differences for mortality and long-term neurologic outcome loses significance at 27 weeks gestation.Conclusions:In the modern era of neonatal management, male infants still have higher mortality and poorer long-term neurologic outcome. Gender differences for mortality and long-term neurologic outcome appear to lose significance at 27 weeks gestation.
Binuclear copper complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kowcun Kaja , Frańska Magdalena , Frański Rafał 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The solutions containing one of the copper salts (CuCl2, Cu(ClO4)2, Cu(NO3)2, and CuSO4) and one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, ibuprofen, ketoprofen or naproxen) were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Three of the salts, namely CuCl2, Cu(ClO4)2 and Cu(NO3)2, yielded binuclear complexes of drug:metal stoichiometry 1:2. Existence of the complexes of such stoichiometry has not been earlier observed. For copper(II) chloride the complexes (ions of the type [M-HCOOH+Cu2Cl]+ and [M+Cu2Cl]+, M stands for the drug molecule) were formed in the gas phase. When copper(II) perchlorate or copper(II) nitrate was used, the observed binuclear copper complexes (ions of the type [M-H+Cu2(ClO4)2+CH3OH]+, [M-H+Cu2(ClO4)2]+ and [M-H+Cu2(NO3)2+CH3OH]+, [M-H+Cu2(NO3)2]+) were observed at low cone voltage, thus these complexes must have already existed in the solution analysed. Therefore, such complexes may also exist under physiological conditions.
Recentchiral selectors for separation in HPLC and CE
Authors: Kalíková Květa , Riesová Martina , Tesařová Eva 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Enantiomers (stereoisomers) can exhibit substantially different properties if present in chiral environments. Since chirality is a basic property of nature, the different behaviors of the individual enantiomers must be carefully studied and properly treated. Therefore, enantioselective separations are a very important part of separation science. To achieve the separation of enantiomers, an enantioselective environment must be created by the addition of a chiral selector to the separation system. Many chiral selectors have been designed and used in various fields, such as the analyses of drugs, food constituents and agrochemicals. The most popular have become the chiral selectors and/or chiral stationary phases that are of general use, i.e., are applicable in various separation systems and allow for chiral separation of structurally different compounds. This review covers the most important chiral selectors / chiral stationary phases described and applied in high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis during the period of the last three years (2008–2011).
The solubility of Ca(OH)2 in extremely concentrated NaOH solutions at 25°C
Authors: Pallagi Attila , Tasi Ágost , Gácsi Attila , Csáti Miklós , Pálinkó István , Peintler Gábor , Sipos Pál 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The solubility of Ca(OH)2 in aqueous NaOH solutions up to 12.50 M at 25°C has been determined. The solubility data obtained for NaOH concentrations lower than 3 M was compared with those published in the literature. The solubility of Ca(OH)2 steadily decreases with the increasing NaOH concentration. The solubility data obtained at a constant ionic strength (I = 1 M Na(Cl,OH)) enabled the determination of the conditional solubility product of Ca(OH)2(s) (lgLCa(OH)2 = − 4.10 ± 0.02). Formation of the hydroxo complex CaOH+(aq) was invoked to describe the variation of [Ca2+]T with [OH−]T. Its conditional stability constant was found to be lgKCaOH+ = 0.97 ± 0.02. The experimental protocol employed was proven to be suitable for accurate solubility determinations in rapidly equilibrating systems comprising of highly concentrated, alkaline solutions and containing analytes in the ppm range.
Erratum to: “Syntheses and characterisation of chloro(η3-allyl) dicarbonylmolybdenum(II) complexes of chiral and achiral ditertiaryphosphines”
Authors: Jesu Raj Joe , Pathak Devendra , Kapoor Pramesh 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The original version of the article was published in Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 10(1) (2012), pp 165–171. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains mistakes in the affiliation section. Dr Devendra D. Pathak’s affiliation is Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, India. Dr Pramesh N. Kapoor’s affiliation is Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
Are proneness to forgive, optimism and gratitude associated with life satisfaction?
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Soares Esmeralda 
Published: December 2011

Are proneness to forgive, optimism and gratitude associated with life satisfaction?
The main aim of the current study was to examine whether and how life satisfaction is related to propensity to forgive one's transgressor. Additionally, it also explored the relationship between life satisfaction and other chosen psychological variables, such as optimism and gratitude. The study involved 338 persons between 16 and 83 years of age. For the measurement of psychological variables the following research tools were used: Satisfaction With Life Scale, Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory, Gratitude Questionnaire, and Learned Optimism Test. Among the study participants satisfaction with life was positively correlated with the conviction about a permanent and ubiquitous nature of positive events, optimism and gratitude. The study also observed a negative correlation between satisfaction with life, the motivation for revenge and avoidance motivation, and the perception of a permanent and ubiquitous nature of adverse events.
How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes?
Authors: Maliszewski Norbert 
Published: December 2011

How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes?How do implicit attitudes influence behavior when they are in conflict with explicit attitudes? In Study 1, smokers' negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes towards smoking were activated. Then emotions were measured. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes that the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Study 2 showed that cognitive capacity allows for this conflict, as positive explicit and negative implicit attitudes may be applied simultaneously. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Smokers resolved the conflict through the inhibition of implicit attitudes (by smoking cigarettes). Without cognitive capacity, only implicit attitudes were applied, and thus no conflict was aroused. Study 3 confirmed that smoking cigarettes inhibited negative implicit attitudes.
On Approximate Solutions of Certain Mixed Type Integrodifferential Equations
Authors: Pachpatte B. 
Published: December 2011

On Approximate Solutions of Certain Mixed Type Integrodifferential Equations
The aim of the present paper is to study approximate solutions of mixed Volterra-Fredholm type integrodifferential equations in one and two independent variables. The analysis used in the proofs is based on the applications of new integral inequalities with explicit estimates.
Refinement of Hardy's Inequalities Involving Many Functions Via Superquadratic Functions
Authors: Oguntuase J. , Popoola B. 
Published: December 2011

Refinement of Hardy's Inequalities Involving Many Functions Via Superquadratic FunctionsSome new refined Hardy type integral inequalities involvingnfunctions (n∈ Z+) via superquadratic functions are established forp≥ 2 and their dual inequalities are also derived. In particular, the results obtained complement and improve some recent results of Oguntuase and Persson.
Alternative Spatial Growth and Decay Estimates for Constrained Motion in an Elastic Cylinder with Voids
Authors: Bulgariu Emilian 
Published: December 2011

Alternative Spatial Growth and Decay Estimates for Constrained Motion in an Elastic Cylinder with VoidsThe aim of this paper is to study the alternative spatial growth and decay behavior for the motion of a finite or semi-infinite cylinder composed of a non-homogeneous anisotropic linear elastic material with voids, subject to null supply terms and null lateral boundary conditions. The motion induced by displacement and volume fraction field prescribed on the base is constrained to have the displacement, velocity, volume fraction and the derivative with respect to time of volume fraction at a given time proportional to their respective initial values. Neither initial data nor the asymptotic behavior at large axial distance are specified. The estimates that are either exponentially grow or decay are derived from a differential inequality depending on cross-sectional energy flux. An explicit bound, in terms of the problem data, is constructed for the amplitude in each decay estimate.
Banach Lie Algebroids
Authors: Anastasiei Mihai 
Published: December 2011

Banach Lie AlgebroidsFirst, we extend the notion of second order differential equations (SODE) on a smooth manifold to anchored Banach vector bundles. Then we define the Banach Lie algebroids as Lie algebroids structures modeled on anchored Banach vector bundles and prove that they form a category.
Correlation of Visual Performance With Quality of Life and Intraocular Aberrometric Profile in Patients Implanted With Rotationally Asymmetric Multifocal IOLs
Authors: Ramón María L. , Piñero David P. , Pérez-Cambrodí Rafael J. 
Published: December 2011

PURPOSE:
To examine the visual performance of a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) by correlating the defocus curve of the IOL-implanted eye with the intraocular aberrometric profile and impact on the quality of life.

METHODS:
A prospective, consecutive, case series study including 26 eyes from 13 patients aged between 50 and 83 years (mean: 65.54±7.59 years) was conducted. All patients underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of a rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOL (Lentis Mplus LS-312 MF30, Oculentis GmbH). Distance and near visual acuity outcomes, intraocular aberrations, defocus curve, and quality of life (assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25) were evaluated postoperatively (mean follow-up: 6.42±2.24 months).

RESULTS:

A significant improvement in distance visual acuity was found postoperatively (
P
<.01). Mean postoperative logMAR distance-corrected near visual acuity was 0.19±0.12 (∼20/30). Corrected distance visual acuity and near visual acuity of 20/20 or better were achieved by 30.8% and 7.7% of eyes, respectively. Of all eyes, 96.2% had a postoperative addition between 0 and 1.00 diopter (D). The defocus curve showed two peaks of maximum visual acuity (0 and 3.00 D of defocus), with an acceptable range of intermediate vision. LogMAR visual acuity corresponding to near defocus was directly correlated with some higher order intraocular aberrations (r⩾0.44,
P
⩽.04). Some difficulties evaluated with the quality of life test correlated directly with near and intermediate visual acuity (r⩾0.50,
P
⩽.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Lentis Mplus multifocal IOL provides good distance, intermediate, and near visual outcomes; however, the induced intraocular aberrometric profile may limit the potential visual benefit.