bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operations management, entrepreneurship, and value creation: Emerging opportunities in a cross‐disciplinary context
Authors: Kickul Jill R. , Griffiths Mark D. , Jayaram Jayanth , Wagner Stephan M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCross‐disciplinary research at the intersection of operations management and entrepreneurship offers the potential to generate new knowledge leading to tangible value for the firm. Likewise, themes such as the reliance on firm‐external partnerships, the strong technology and innovation orientation, and the nurturing of dynamic capabilities, just to name a few, are on the agenda of both ‘camps.’ However, research at the nexus between the two disciplines is scarce. Over and above synthesizing the insights presented in the papers comprising this special issue, it is our intent to motivate richer and deeper explorations into this promising field of research.
Depressive symptom clusters are differentially associated with atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Bus B. A. A. , Marijnissen R. M. , Holewijn S. , Franke B. , Purandare N. , de Graaf J. , den Heijer M. , Buitelaar J. K. , Voshaar R. C. Oude 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundDepression increases the risk of subsequent vascular events in both cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Atherosclerosis, the underlying process leading to vascular events, has been associated with depression. This association, however, may be confounded by the somatic-affective symptoms being a consequence of cardiovascular disease. While taking into account the differentiation between somatic-affective and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression, we examined the association between depression and atherosclerosis in a community-based sample.MethodIn 1261 participants of the Nijmegen Biomedical Study (NBS), aged 50–70 years and free of stroke and dementia, we measured the intima–media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery as a measure of atherosclerosis and we assessed depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Principal components analysis (PCA) of the BDI items yielded two factors, representing a cognitive-affective and a somatic-affective symptom cluster. While correcting for confounders, we used separate multiple regression analyses to test the BDI sum score and both depression symptom clusters.ResultsWe found a significant correlation between the BDI sum score and the IMT. Cognitive-affective, but not somatic-affective, symptoms were also associated with the IMT. When we stratified for coronary artery disease (CAD), the somatic-affective symptom cluster correlated significantly with depression in both patients with and patients without CAD.ConclusionsThe association between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis is explained by the somatic-affective symptom cluster of depression. Subclinical vascular disease thus may inflate depressive symptom scores and may explain why treatment of depression in cardiac patients hardly affects vascular outcome.
Refugees, Acculturation Strategies, Stress and Integration
Authors: PHILLIMORE JENNY 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe advent of super-diversity and politicisation of migration has been accompanied by heightened interest in migrant settlement. Much has been written in policy and academic fields about the importance of integration, particularly in relation to the settlement of refugees. However, little attention has been paid to the varied settlement experiences of individual refugees, or how personal, cultural and experiential factors combine to influence settlement experiences. This paper turns to cross-cultural psychology's discussion of acculturation processes and, in particular, Berry's acculturation strategies (Berry, 1997) to look at the different factors that influence acculturation and how these factors impact upon the ability of individual refugees to integrate. Using qualitative data collected from 138 interviews with refugees living in Birmingham, England, the paper shows how a range of group and individual factors, relating to their experiences both in refugees’ home and host countries, influences the acculturation strategies adopted by different refugees. It shows that in the current policy environment many refugees lack choice about acculturation strategy, are vulnerable to psychosocial stress and struggle to integrate.
Extracorporeal albumin dialysis in patients with Amanita phalloides poisoning
Authors: Faybik Peter , Hetz Hubert , Baker Amir , Bittermann Clemens , Berlakovich Gabriela , Werba Alois , Krenn Claus‐Georg , Steltzer Heinz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: Ingestion of Amanita phalloides is the most common cause of lethal mushroom poisoning. The relative late onset of symptoms is a distinct diagnostic feature of Amanita intoxication and also the main reason of failure for extracorporeal removal of Amanita‐specific toxins from the gut and circulation.Patients and methods: Extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD) has been used on six consecutive patients admitted after A. phalloides poisoning with acute liver failure (ALF).Results: Six patients, with mean age of 46 years (range: 9–70 years), underwent one to three ECAD treatments. The mean time from mushroom ingestion until the first ECAD treatment was 76 h. Two patients regenerated spontaneously under ECAD treatment and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) could be avoided. Two patients were successfully bridged to OLT and one patient died because of cerebral herniation. One patient was treated with ECAD immediately after OLT because of the graft dysfunction and survived without re‐transplantation.Conclusion: ECAD appeared to be a successful treatment perspective in supporting liver regeneration or in sufficient bridging to OLT and also in treatment of graft dysfunction after OLT in patients with A. phalloides poisoning.
Cord and Cord Blood: Valuable Resources with Potential for Liver Therapy
Authors: Habibollah Saba , Jurga Marcin , Forraz Nico , McGuckin Colin 
Published: December 2010

Liver cirrhosis and/or liver malignancies have been nominated the 5th leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO reported, in 2006, that 20 million people around the globe suffer from some form or other of severe liver illness. The ultimate fate of end-stage liver disorders is hepatic dysfunction and eventually organ failure. Unfortunately the only curative mode of management for liver failure is liver transplantation, which is subject to many limitations. Novel alternatives, such as artificial and bio-artificial support devices only aid in temporary replacement of some liver function until an organ is available for transplantation. These newer modalities also have drawbacks or remain experimental and still demand further controlled trials to allow proof of concept and safety before transferring them to the bedside.
Regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy has recently shown promise in the management of various human diseases. Recent reports of stem cell plasticity and its multipotentiality has raised hopes of stem cell therapy offering exciting therapeutic possibilities for patients with chronic liver disease. Although there exists a choice of stem cells that have been reported to be capable of self-renewal and differentiation to hepatobiliary cell lineages both in vitro and in vivo including, rodent and human embryonic stem cell, bone marrow haematopoietic stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, umbilical cord blood stem cells, fetal liver progenitor cell, adult liver progenitor cells; it may be argued that with a global population of 6 billion people and a global birth rate in access of 130 million per year, placenta and the umbilical cord possibly provide the most readily accessible and ethically sound alternative source of stem cells. UCB-derived liver cells can be potentially exploited for gene therapy, cellular transplant, bio-artificial liver-assisted devices, drug toxicology testing and use as an in vitro model to understand the developmental biology of the liver. Here we review the latest scientific developments relevant for future liver cell therapy.
Ecological processes affecting community structure of blackfly larvae in regulated and unregulated rivers: a regional study
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Malmqvist Björn , Englund Göran 
Published: December 2010

1. We examined the effects of different ecological processes on larval blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) community structure at a regional scale in 51 rapids in unregulated and regulated rivers in northern Sweden (200 000 km2). These processes were flow disturbance, biotic interactions (predation and competition) and the supply of food resources (suspended particles) to the larvae. 2. Using partial least squares projection to latent structures (PLS) modelling, we developed predictive models based on environmental variables at unregulated sites. Sites with high species richness and abundance were characterized by large numbers of small suspended particles, deep water colour, high total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, high proportions of forest in the catchment, low frequencies of large flow increments, extended forest growth period, low cover of filamentous algae on the substratum, and low altitude. 3. These PLS models were used to predict blackfly species richness and abundance at regulated sites with reduced flow (high disturbance) and with unreduced flow (low disturbance). The residuals, i.e. differences between observed and predicted values, were used to evaluate impact strength of flow regulation. 4. A significant impact of flow disturbance on blackfly larvae was detected at regulated sites with reduced flow. Simuliid species richness and the total abundance at these sites were 25% and 50% higher, respectively, than predicted. At the disturbed sites, the abundance of blackfly predators decreased by 35%, and those of assumed competitors, grazers and net‐spinning caddis larvae, by 22% and 19%, respectively. 5. The particle concentrations were not significantly different between unregulated and regulated sites and they were positively related to blackfly species richness and abundance. 6. Our results indicate that changes in water flow (hydraulic disturbance) greatly influence blackfly larvae. Predation pressure and competition is reduced, and recolonization after disturbance is rapid. Simuliid communities are a feature of disturbed sites and may be a useful indicator for evaluating the impact of flow regulation on river ecosystems. The approach taken in this study may have wider applicability in impact studies in conservation ecology.
Control of bracken and restoration of heathland. VII. The response of bracken rhizomes to 18 years of continued bracken control or 6 years of control followed by recovery
Authors: Marrs R. H. , Johnson S. W. , Duc M. G. LE 
Published: December 2010

1. The effects of six bracken control treatments applied in combination with a Calluna* seeding treatment on the rhizome system of bracken Pteridium aquilinum at Cavenham Heath in Breckland was assessed after 18 years. Bracken control included cutting once and twice yearly between 1978 and 1996; spraying the herbicide asulam at the recommended rate (4·4 kg a.i. ha−1) in two treatments (1978 and 1978 plus 1979), each followed by repeat doses in 1984 and 1990, and spraying asulam followed by cutting once yearly. After 6 years the experiment was split and bracken control was continued/reapplied on half the plots and stopped on the remainder. The effects of treatment on the numbers of active and dormant buds and the length and biomass on both frond‐bearing and storage rhizomes were measured. 2. When applied continuously over the 18 years, all treatments reduced all rhizome measures, but treatments that included cutting were more effective than ones that just used asulam. The best treatment after 10–12 years was cutting twice yearly, but after 18 years this treatment had apparently reached an equilibrium and the cutting‐once‐yearly treatment was superior. No treatment eradicated the bracken in 18 years of continuous treatment. 3. When bracken control treatments were stopped after 6 years rhizome recovery started within 4 years and there was significant recovery thereafter. After 12 years the least effective treatment, cut once yearly, although still showing a significant reduction in rhizome biomass, had recovered to 88% of the untreated plots. The most effective treatment was cutting twice yearly for 6 years, where most measures of rhizome performance remained at approximately 50% of untreated plots 12 years after cutting stopped. 4. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between frond production and rhizome characteristics. Rhizome biomass, especially of the storage rhizome component, was consistently the most important variable; frond bud numbers were less important. 5. Simple models, developed making assumptions that the response of the rhizome to treatment is linear through time, have been shown to be invalid over the longer time period. This is because the impacts of the treatments reduce through time. 6. These results are discussed in relation to long‐term bracken control and the assessment of bracken stocks. If bracken is to be suppressed on a long‐term basis a continuous control strategy is needed. It is unlikely that complete eradication will be possible with current control technology. The long time scale found for the total recovery of the bracken from only 6 years of treatment (>12 years) means that the large areas of bracken that have been treated in the past will take some time to recover to pretreatment levels. This recovery is an unknown factor in bracken stock assessments.
Conservation strategy maps: a tool to facilitate biodiversity action planning illustrated using the heath fritillary butterfly
Authors: Holloway G. J. , Griffiths G. H. , Richardson P. 
Published: December 2010

Summary1. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) identifies invertebrate species in danger of national extinction. For many of these species, targets for recovery specify the number of populations that should exist by a specific future date but offer no procedure to plan strategically to achieve the target for any species.2. Here we describe techniques based upon geographic information systems (GIS) that produce conservation strategy maps (CSM) to assist with achieving recovery targets based on all available and relevant information.3. The heath fritillaryMellicta athaliais a UKBAP species used here to illustrate the use of CSM. A phase 1 habitat survey was used to identify habitat polygons across the county of Kent, UK. These were systematically filtered using relevant habitat, botanical and autecological data to identify seven types of polygon, including those with extant colonies or in the vicinity of extant colonies, areas managed for conservation but without colonies, and polygons that had the appropriate habitat structure and may therefore be suitable for reintroduction.4. Five clusters of polygons of interest were found across the study area. The CSM of two of them are illustrated here: the Blean Wood complex, which contains the existing colonies of heath fritillary in Kent, and the Orlestone Forest complex, which offers opportunities for reintroduction.5. Synthesis and applications.Although the CSM concept is illustrated here for the UK, we suggest that CSM could be part of species conservation programmes throughout the world. CSM are dynamic and should be stored in electronic format, preferably on the world‐wide web, so that they can be easily viewed and updated. CSM can be used to illustrate opportunities and to develop strategies with scientists and non‐scientists, enabling the engagement of all communities in a conservation programme. CSM for different years can be presented to illustrate the progress of a plan or to provide continuous feedback on how a field scenario develops.
Validating the use of generalized additive models and at‐sea surveys to estimate size and temporal trends of seabird populations
Authors: Clarke E. D. , Spear L. B. , Mccracken M. L. , Marques F. F. C. , Borchers D. L. , Buckland S. T. , Ainley D. G. 
Published: December 2010

Summary

The population size of seabirds is often difficult to estimate from surveys at breeding colonies because of factors such as burrow nesting and nocturnal breeding. The reliability of alternative surveys conducted at sea has not previously been validated. Sample‐based estimates from at‐sea surveys could be biased and have poor precision due to non‐random survey design and the uneven distribution of seabirds at sea.
We conducted at‐sea surveys of western gulls Larus occidentalis and common guillemots Uria aalge of the Farallon Islands, California, USA, and waved albatrosses Phoebastria irrorata of the Galápagos. The observed counts were modelled using generalized additive models (GAMs), with a correction factor for bird movement relative to the ship included in an offset. The models were used to produce estimates of the size of the seabird populations at sea, which were compared with independent colony‐based estimates, adjusted to account for the number of non‐breeders.
Gull and guillemot populations were estimated separately for each of 10 survey years. Temporal trends were estimated by smoothing through the annual values. The albatross data from 7 survey years were pooled to obtain a single estimate of average population size.
The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the annual estimates were approximately 10%, 15–20% and 15–45% prior to smoothing for the albatross, gull and guillemot, respectively. The CVs of the smoothed estimates were about 10% for the gull and 15% for the guillemot. These represent substantial improvements in precision over previous sample‐based estimates from at‐sea surveys.
The colony‐based estimates usually lay within the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of both the annual and smoothed sea‐based estimates, showing that the sea‐based methods worked well.
Synthesis and applications. We conclude that GAMs of at‐sea seabird survey data, collected under suitable protocols and corrected for bird movement, can accurately estimate population size. Given sufficient demographic information, these methods can provide a valuable tool for the management of populations that are difficult to census at the breeding colony.
River rehabilitation and fish populations: assessing the benefit of instream structures
Authors: Pretty J. L. , Harrison S. S. C. , Shepherd D. J. , Smith C. , Hildrew A. G. , Hey R. D. 
Published: December 2010

Summary

River rehabilitation schemes are now widespread in the UK and elsewhere, but there have been few systematic assessments of their ecological effect, particularly on target organisms such as fish. Fish populations were therefore assessed in 13 lowland rivers using point abundance measures and depletion electrofishing. Each river was sampled in two reaches, respectively containing a small‐scale rehabilitation scheme (artificial riffles or flow deflectors) and an unrehabilitated control reach. Detailed geomorphological surveys were undertaken for the two study reaches in each river to assess the physical and hydraulic effect of rehabilitation.
There were large qualitative and quantitative differences among rivers and some had relatively impoverished fish faunas. Overall, total fish abundance, species richness, diversity and equitability were not significantly different between rehabilitated and control reaches. This was true for both the sampling methods used. Bullhead Cottus gobio and stone loach Barbatula barbatula tended to be more abundant in rehabilitated reaches, but this was significant only for artificial riffles. There was a significant between‐year difference in fish abundance.
In general, rehabilitation schemes increased depth and flow heterogeneity, and fish species richness and diversity appeared to respond positively to increased flow velocity in restored reaches. However, there were few significant relationships between the fish fauna and physical variables, indicating that increasing physical (habitat) heterogeneity does not necessarily lead to higher biological diversity. We therefore caution against the use of physical responses to rehabilitation as a surrogate or reliable predictor of ecological response.
The weak response of fishes to rehabilitation may have been because the schemes were inappropriate in design and scale for low‐gradient rivers. Furthermore, fish assemblages may have lacked the potential for recovery because of poor water quality and/or because the schemes were isolated within longer sections of degraded river. More extensive and directed biological monitoring is essential to improve understanding and enable future improvements in the design of schemes and the selection of sites with greater potential for successful rehabilitation.
Synthesis and applications. From this substantial sample of lowland rivers, there is little evidence of any general benefit to fish of small‐scale instream structures in river rehabilitation. From present ecological knowledge it may be that resources would be better devoted to promoting the development of lateral and off‐channel habitats within the river corridor. Physical restoration will be most effective when used alongside other strategies to augment fish populations such as water quality management.
Perturbing the folding energy landscape of the bacterial immunity protein Im7 by site-specific N-linked glycosylation
Authors: Chen Mark M. , Bartlett Alice I. , Nerenberg Paul S. , Friel Claire T. , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Stultz Collin M. , Radford Sheena E. , Imperiali Barbara 
Published: December 2010

N-linked glycosylation modulates protein folding and stability through a variety of mechanisms. As such there is considerable interest in the development of general rules to predict the structural consequences of site-specific glycosylation and to understand how these effects can be exploited in the design and development of modified proteins with advantageous properties. In this study, expressed protein ligation is used to create site-specifically glycosylated variants of the bacterial immunity protein Im7 modified with the chitobiose disaccharide (GlcNAc-GlcNAc). Glycans were introduced at seven solvent exposed sites within the Im7 sequence and the kinetic and thermodynamic consequences of N-linked glycosylation analyzed. The

values for glycan incorporation were found to range from +5.2 to -3.8 kJ·mol
-1
. In several cases, glycosylation influences folding by modulating the local conformational preferences of the glycosylated sequence. These locally mediated effects are most prominent in the center of α-helices where glycosylation negatively effects folding and in compact turn motifs between segments of ordered secondary structure where glycosylation promotes folding and enhances the overall stability of the native protein. The studies also provide insight into why glycosylation is commonly identified at the transition between different types of secondary structure and when glycosylation may be used to elaborate protein structure to protect disordered sequences from proteolysis or immune system recognition.