bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrofits of multi-storey office building facade
Authors: Oktavia Tantri , Purwanto L M F , Arif K A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The city of Jakarta is the 7th big city in the world that has the most high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings in Jakarta were built from 1971 until now and in the 90s it was the peak of the construction of high-rise buildings such as offices and apartment. Tall Buildings with glass facade, concentrating plans are the most typology of office high-rise buildings in Jakarta. Buildings with the dominance of glass facade that reflect heat cause an increase in temperature in the microclimate and a decrease in building performance resulting in the amount of energy used by buildings, especially air conditioners. Building facade play an important role in reducing the improvement of the microclimate and energy use in buildings. Therefore, an analysis was carried out on the BRI II building on Jalan Sudirman Jakarta as a case study that represents the typology of the most office buildings in Jakarta. It turns out that this building has a high OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) value, so the largest AC cooling load comes from the building casing. Therefore, facade retrofit is one of the alternatives that can be done to reduce energy use, especially air conditioning. After that, a simulation of the casing retrofit to obtain a significant retrofit action can reduce the AC energy used through ottv value reduction analysis.
Fluidity in space: defining threshold in dwelling and temporal market for resilient kampung settlement.
Authors: Hayati A , Cahyadini S , Sakinah P N , Sulistiastuti M , Aisyah K S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In general, urban infrastructure development triggers typological changes, influencing the growth of the urban environment, including buildings, settlements, markets, roads, and zoning in urban areas. This paper explores the spatial and territorial boundaries of alleys as links and places in the kampung residential area. The alley is examined as a dynamic setting that undergoes changes and serves various purposes and activities over time. This phenomenon prompts the question of how spatial boundaries between economic and domestic settings coexist. The research aims to identify the relationship between the alley as a link and a place in a case of kampung’s alley in Surabaya that has functioned as a temporary market since 1990 within the residential setting. Data is collected through observations of the alley in different times and activities, followed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results reveal that spatial territory defines an individual or group’s control over their space. This control is integral to the mechanisms governing the activities within a setting. Ultimately, the study investigates the interplay between the activity system and the regulatory system in the temporal market economic activities that occur alongside.
Investigation of colonial architecture’s influence on the resilience and sustainability of the limasan house in Ndalem Ngabean
Authors: Ariana K M , Tiarawati R A , Hamsjah F A , Radhiyya R N , Novianto D , Nuffida N E , Sumanti A E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Vernacular architecture is one of the symbols that represent a certain area through various aspects that fits to the condition of the built environment. One of the vernacular architecture in Indonesia is the Limasan house which originated from Yogyakarta with a pyramid-shaped roof as its hallmark. The purpose of this research is to identify the sustainability and resilience of the design of Yogyakarta’s Limasan house in Ndalem Ngabean in accordance with colonial architecture. The methods used in this paper are literature study, building observation on Limasan’s architectural features, and field study conducted in Yogyakarta. The result shows that there are visible features of colonial architecture in the physical appearance of the Limasan house. This indicates that the sustainability and resilience of Limasan House is influenced by colonial architecture.
Adaptive restoration of Kali Mas Surabaya: strategy to recall and sustain historical area
Authors: Garudea  , Pakiding H A P , Widyawati A A A P , Rojabia I N , Soemardiono B , Setijanti P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Appropriate and targeted strategies are needed to preserve places and buildings of historical value. Historical objects are objects that are susceptible to damage and may be unmatched elsewhere. So, damage to or loss of an heirloom is very fatal. Implementing conservation strategies in an area is necessary because a place or site has complex and varied constituent elements. In this case, an area that is neglected but still has historical features requires a special strategy and perhaps several strategies. This is also because the existing strategy does not yet provide criteria and considerations regarding this matter. Kali Mas Surabaya is a historical case study that was the initial downtown port in Surabaya before it was finally decommissioned and is now rarely maintained. By carrying out a comprehensive analysis of history, documentary evidence, and actual physical evidence, it will become the basis for policy analysis and implementation. Therefore, this research will focus on how to carry out conservation strategies for recalling and sustaining abandoned historical areas so that these strategies can be generalized and applied to other historical locations.
From Traditional to Contemporary: Evaluating Environment Condition and Living Behaviour in Joglo House
Authors: Xian G E , Sumanti A E , Hidayat R T , Novianto D 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transition of Indonesian vernacular architecture through generations without written documentation. The focus of this paper is on a specific type of Indonesian vernacular architecture known as the Joglo house, which was constructed 200 years ago and remains standing today. The house is in Juwana, Pati, Central Java, Indonesia, and has undergone changes over time in both its physical environment and its occupants. The objective of this research is to examine the transformations that have taken place in the Joglo house since its construction and investigate the impact of the indoor atmosphere. The method of this study examines the Joglo house through measurement of the temperature and humidity as evidence of the modernization to the present context. This research resulted in calculation to investigate the occupant’s lifestyle and the concept of sustainability in vernacular architecture that is used by modern families.
Editorial
Authors: Bonora N. , Galietti U. , Arcidiacono G. , Avalle M. , Monti M. , Libonati F. , Livieri P. 
Published: May 2024

The Italian Association for Stress Analysis (AIAS) was founded in 1971 by researchers from academia, research centers and industry. AIAS was intended as a community where to discuss, to share and to develop scientific knowledge related to all technical aspects of stress analysis. In the years, from an initial focus on experimental techniques, AIAS contributed considerably to the development of modern numerical methods and computational techniques for the mechanical engineering design. In 2015, AIAS turned in the Italian Scientific Society of Mechanical Engineering Design.
Today, AIAS is an institutional partner that supports the instances from academia in subject area of the mechanical engineering design. Every year, AIAS organizes a technical conference offering the possibility to present research updates, share new ideas and foster collaborations. The AIAS conference has become a fundamental event for all those interested in current developments in mechanical engineering design and stress analysis, where to meet researchers, testing equipment and software developers.
The 52nd AIAS Conference edition was held in Genoa, Italy. The response of researchers and students has been outstanding: over 200 oral contributions have been presented during the three days of the conference, with four parallel sessions. In addition to the thematic sessions on AIAS traditional subjects, special sessions on additive manufacturing, energy methods for structural analysis, circular design in mechanical engineering, mechanical behavior under extreme conditions, have been successfully organized with the contribution of the AIAS technical committees.
Among all contributions presented at the conference, 44 have been selected to be published after peer review, in this volume. This was made possible thanks to the active participation of all AIAS members, to the work of the AIAS Scientific Committee panel (Profs Umberto Galietti, AIAS Scientific Coordinator, Gabriele Arcidiacono AIAS Scientific coordinator for external relationships, Enrico Armentani, Davide Castagnetti, Virgilio Fontanari and Aurelio Somá) and Conference Papers Reviewers. Their outstanding contribution is gratefully acknowledged.

Disclaimer

AIAS2023 Conference was held in presence on Sept. 6-9, 2023. Presentations were arranged on four parallel sessions with a time slot of 15 min assigned to each presenter. Approximately 280 participants attended the conference during the three days event. All sessions have been continuously monitored by the organizers to provide technical support. The conference ran smoothly, and participants feedback was very positive.
An experimental approach for in-situ characterization of dynamic dissipative properties of road pavements
Authors: Loi G , Marongiu G , Rombi J , Coni M , Porcu M C , Aymerich F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dissipative properties of road pavements may have beneficial effects to reduce vehicle vibrations, traffic noise, vehicles-structure dynamic interaction, and degradation of pavement materials. Assessing the dissipative capacity and the damping properties of road pavements is, therefore, of critical importance. Such assessment has been mainly conducted in recent years by laboratory-scale dynamic experiments, while little effort has been devoted to in-situ tests. The latter are, in fact, cumbersome for practical reasons and typically require a more advanced data analysis when highly coupled modes of vibration are involved. Due to the heterogeneity of the road structure, classical methods are not capable of accurately estimating the road damping properties. The present study proposes an alternative experimental approach based on recording signals from accelerometers embedded in the road, which is impacted by an instrumented hammer. The data are analyzed both in the frequency and in the time domains through the combined use of stabilization diagrams and energy decay tools. Multi-mode fitting algorithms are employed to construct stabilization diagrams for the identification of resonance frequencies, while energy decay curves allow for a robust evaluation of the damping values at the identified frequencies. The effectiveness of the approach was assessed on an asphalt road structure.
Innovative solutions to make travel more comfortable
Authors: Arcieri E V , Baragetti S , Monticelli L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Traveling in various vehicles and means of transport (ambulance, airplane, …) can be characterized by sudden accelerations, decelerations and vibrations/perturbations. All these loads are transferred to the passenger, making the journey uncomfortable. The study for the improvement of comfort in such situations was the subject of a collaboration between the authors of the present document. The designed solutions are reported in a patent application published with the number WO2023111937A1.
Static and dynamic tensile behaviour of polycarbonate connected to the deforming specimen shape
Authors: Mirone Giuseppe , Barbagallo Raffaele , Bua Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Like other structural thermoplastic polymers, polycarbonate (PC) exhibits a typical two-stage plastic deformation mode, including a first phase of strain localization and a second phase of strain propagation. At the same time, the stress-strain curves at the local scale undergo two distinct loading phases connected by a softening-instability decreasing phase. This mechanical response is not yet fully recognized and the reproduction of the peculiar phenomena in numerical simulations is not yet commonly standardized. In this work, the relationship between the straining/loading macroscopic response and the material flow curve at the local scale is investigated in detail, aiming at the two-way relationships enabling to infer the latter curve from the former data. Experimental tests at static and dynamic rates are carried out to verify how the special features of the PC are affected by the strain rate and to estimate its rate sensitivity.
Modeling of composite combat helmet subjected to blunt impacts
Authors: Shehu Edison , Ferrari Loris , Jiménez Álvaro González , Giglio Marco , Manes Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Combat helmets are a complex system that is crucial for users in different adverse scenarios. Historically, the primary focus in the development of these items has been on compliance with high-velocity impact requirements, such as bullets or blast loads. In recent years, the investigation of blunt impact scenarios has gained momentum. Consequently, standards have been updated; however, they still lack a consolidated methodology for assessing helmet safety. A virtual testing approach is designed to replicate experimental tests. The main advantage of this model is its ability to assess loading conditions of interest and evaluate existing engineering solutions against new standards requirements.
Analytical computation of stress intensity factor for multi-physics problems
Authors: Pistorio Francesca , Clerici Davide 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work presents a methodology for the analytical calculation of the stress intensity factor when the stress distribution on the crack surfaces is non-homogeneous. At first, a polynomial function is used to express the non-homogenous stress distribution. Subsequently, the principle of superposition of effects is applied, and the stress intensity factor is computed by multiplying each polynomial term by its respective geometric factor. Finite element fracture model is used to compute the geometric factor of the single polynomial grade. To explain the method, a spherical body is considered, with central and superficial cracks. Each geometric factor depends on a normalized geometrical parameter (the ratio between the crack length and sphere radius). The proposed methodology is applied to determine the stress intensity factor in the case of a crack driving force caused by diffusive fields, such as the concentration gradient in particles of electrodes active material in lithium-ion batteries. The methodology allows to speed up the fracture computation, then it is used to give electrode design guidelines to limit the fracture likeliness and mechanical degradation in lithium-ion batteries, as well as it is the basis for the development of algorithms assessing the capacity loss and the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries in real-time.
On the Development of an Open-Source Toolbox for the Structural Analysis of Composite Materials
Authors: Mancini E , Mussolin L , Ambrosi G , Cianetti F , Braccesi C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Commonly used in structural applications since the ’90s, composite materials represent a valid alternative to metallic solutions. An intense research activity accompanied the spread of this technology to the point that, nowadays, a large variety of modeling techniques and tools are at the designers’ disposal. Although the literature on this topic is vast, detailed, and thorough, the need for new, faster, and more efficient design tools and methodologies remains. In this context, this work covers the development of an Open-Source computational laminate analysis toolbox, its structure, and its validation. The objective of the research was the creation of a simple and accessible mean for the calculation of laminates’ stresses in complex structural components with a reduced computational cost. To this end, the authors implemented the basics of micro, meso, and micromechanics in a Python-based toolbox and then performed a validation campaign against the results of an FE analysis. The work resulted in an input-generation/output-analysis instrument to be used by designers alongside the FEA.
Analysing the mechanical behaviour of thermoformed dental clear aligners using acoustic emission technique
Authors: Barile C , Cianci C , Pappalettera G , Kannan V P , Pappalettere C , Casavola C , Ciavarella D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Clear aligners have been widely preferred in recent years for aesthetically pleasant orthodontic treatments. However, their efficacy in treating dental malposition and malocclusion is yet to be studied extensively. Clear aligners are mostly made from thermoplastic materials that guarantee sufficient elasticity while lowering the plastic deformations during their use. This is to guarantee a stable level of forces acting on teeth to be repositioned. This work aims to get insight into the mechanical behaviour of these devices during their period of use, by comparing aligners produced from two different thermoplastic materials: polyethylene terephthalate-glycol modified (PET-G) and polyurethane (PU) supplied by Dooris and Ghost Aligners, respectively. The aligners were subjected to cyclic compression loading, to simulate the swallowing act throughout 15 days of use. Tests were conducted by surrounding the aligners with artificial saliva to simulate the intraoral environment. The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was used to analyse the damage progression in the aligners during the loading. Furthermore, the AE results were compared with the energy absorbed and the stiffness changes in the aligners. Finally, the damage evolution in the aligners post-loading was validated using optical microscopy. The AE results revealed a good correlation with mechanical and optical microscopy data, thus contributing to the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the clear aligners.
Thermal design considerations for a L-PBF built metal component: effects of Inter-Layer Cooling Time, Preheating Temperature and Gas Flow
Authors: Baldi N , Giorgetti A , Palladino M , Arcidiacono G , Citti P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to investigate some important thermal effects that could affect the Additive Manufacturing (AM) process of Laser Powder Bed Fusion. This analysis starts with investigating the variation of the material substrate temperature due to a variation of the Interlayer Cooling-Time (ILCT); then, the paper analyzes the effect of Preheating temperature on the material microstructure of the first building layers. Finally, we assess the effect of variation in gas flow speed as a function of part position on the building platform. In addition, in this work, the previously mentioned thermal aspects are evaluated in detail under particular geometrical and printing conditions considered the most critical for the L-PBF process. All cases studied are performed on IN718 superalloy specimens. In particular, for ILCT investigation, 60 microns layered specimens are printed for Preheating temperature analysis 40 and 60 layered specimens and for gas flow speed evaluation 40 microns one. All the results are evaluated through a porosity and melt pool analysis. The results obtained in this work highlight a critical range for low ILCT, 2-6 seconds, for part integrity that could be affected by overheating effects. To avoid this criticality, inserting ghost parts during the printing or reducing the laser power value is suggested. Concerning the preheating temperature effect, the first 1.2 mm of printed layers are found to be critical and affected by melt pool instability. In this case, a sacrificial substrate used in the first layers could save the quality of a few layers height part. The gas flow analysis highlights how some areas of the building platform are affected by particular thermal conditions negatively influencing material printability. To minimize this issue as much as possible, modify the job layout to avoid printing parts in the critical zones.
An injury risk-based comprehensive framework for testing and assessing ADAS functions in critical road scenarios
Authors: Gulino Michelangelo-Santo , Vichi Giulio , Lillo Luigi Di , Gianfelici Alessandro , Vangi Dario 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Assisted driving is currently considered a key aspect for improving road safety, and automakers and OEMs are working to achieve higher levels of vehicle automation by introducing new technologies and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in the circulating fleet. This trend requires test protocols for vehicle safety assessment to be frequently reviewed and updated, considering the latest advances in the state of the art regarding ADAS functions and systems. As of today, performance assessment programs (such as NCAP) mainly evaluate how an ADAS behaves in terms of crash avoidance in specific critical scenarios, which represent the most frequent crash constellations among real-world impacts. However, enhanced safety can be also obtained in case the impact is not avoided if a decrease in Injury Risk (IR) for the involved road users is achieved by ADAS intervention, compared to the case of no intervention.
The purpose of this work is to propose an overall framework to draft or update test protocols for ADAS performance assessment based on real car-to-car impact observations, representative of impact scenarios in terms of both occurrence frequency and IR. First, the in-depth accident database IGLAD is analyzed to identify the most relevant car-to-car accident scenarios based on a relevance indicator, i.e., the risk level being the multiplication of the occurrence frequency and IR for a specific scenario. For each relevant scenario, a risk level-based strategy to identify one significant closing speed between vehicles for the tests is defined; the test collision speed for the two vehicles is determined analogously, and the risk level for each combination of speeds in a scenario represents the maximum achievable score by the ADAS if the collision is averted. Considering the well-established Euro NCAP framework as a relevant starting point for the definition of test protocols, two examples are highlighted regarding the proposal of a new test protocol and an update of an already existing one. Finally, a method is proposed for ADAS performance assessment if the impact is not avoided, scaling the maximum achievable score based on the IR reduction consequent to the ADAS intervention.
Open ECU EPS System, preliminary design using a Hardware-in-the-loop approach
Authors: Veneroso L , Anticaglia A , Lelli L , Mosci A , Annicchiarico C , Capitani R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction of mechatronic systems in vehicles opens the possibility to a wide range of vehicle functionality. These systems allow active control of vehicle enabling a new level of driving comfort and safety. The development of these complex technological systems, however, requires a long time to integrate mechanical, electrical and software components. Innovative development strategies and devices are hence crucial to accelerate the integration and deployment of these mechatronic systems.
In order to fulfil these needs, this paper presents the process to size a development electronic power steering which aims to support vehicle industry during testing and validation of innovative steering-based control strategies, including autonomous driving, steer-by-wire and all-wheel steering applications. Using an hardware-in-the-loop test bench for a wide range of vehicle maneuvers a stock power steering unit has been characterized taking into account both driver and assistance motor torque contributions.