bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermophilic fungi from stacks of oil palm kernels in Nigeria
Authors: Oso B. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeven thermophilic fungi have been isolated from stacks of oil palm kernels in parts of the Western State of Nigeria. These include Humicola lanuginosa (GRIFFON and MAUBLANC) BUNCE, Mucor pusillus LINDT, Talaromyces emersonii STOLK, Chaetomium thermophile var coprophile COONEY and EMERSON, Chaetomium thermophile var. dissitum COONEY and EMERSON, Thermoascus aurantiacus MIEHE sensu APINIS, and Thermoascus crustaceus (APINIS and CHESTERS) STOLK. While the last four are new records for Nigeria, they, together with H. lanuginosa and M. pusillus, are also reported on palm kernels for the first time. All are shown to be strongly thermophilic.
Carbon source requirements of the thermophilic ascomycete Chaetomium thermophile var. coprophile
Authors: Oso B. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe ability of Chaetomium thermophile var. coprophile COONEY and EMERSON to utilize carbohydrates as carbon sources for growth has been studied in stationary liquid medium at 45 °C. Among the monosaccharides, the highest growth was obtained on mannose, followed by xylose, glucose, and fructose. There was apparently no growth on galactose, sorbose, arabinose, and rhamnose. The oligosaccharides, cellobiose and maltose supported good growth even though growth on the former was much better. The other oligosaccharides tested (sucrose, lactose, melibiose, and raffinose) were not utilized by the fungus. The polysaccharides dextrin and starch were readily available to the fungus, but growth on dextrin was higher. Out of the two remaining carbon sources tested, there was very good growth on malt extract while mannitol was not utilized. The rate of growth and the accompanying pH changes on glucose, mannose, maltose, dextrin, starch, and malt extract were also studied. There was an initial drop, then a rise, and finally a levelling of the pH as growth progressed on all the six carbon sources. The organism grew well and produced abundant fruiting bodies on cellulose, both in liquid and on solid media. Further evidence of its cellulolytic nature was supplied by its ability to clear cellulose in an agar medium.
Nachweis des M‐Proteins von Streptococcus pyogenes auf der Zelloberfläche durch Immun‐Gefrierätzung
Authors: Wagner M. , Roth J. , Wagner Barbara , Meyer H. W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBy combination of indirect immunoferritin technique and freeze‐etching (immuno freeze‐etching) M‐protein of Streptococcus pyogenes was demonstrated on the surface of the bacterial cells. The distribution of the ferritin particles shows that the antigen is bound on thread‐like structures. The results correspond to the localization of the M‐protein observed in ultrathin sections from the same material.
Photodynamic therapy selectively enhances liposomal doxorubicin uptake in sarcoma tumors to rodent lungs
Authors: Cheng Cai , Debefve Elodie , Haouala Amina , Andrejevic‐Blant Snezana , Krueger Thorsten , Ballini Jean‐Pierre , Peters Solange , Decosterd Laurent , van den Bergh Hubert , Wagnieres Georges , Perentes Jean Y. , Ris Hans‐Beat 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn specific conditions, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can enhance the distribution of macromolecules across the endothelial barrier in solid tumors. It was recently postulated that tumor neovessels were more responsive to PDT than the normal vasculature. We hypothesized that Visudyne®‐mediated PDT could selectively increase liposomal doxorubicin (Liporubicin™) uptake in sarcoma tumors to rodent lungs while sparing the normal surrounding tissue.Materials and MethodsSarcoma tumors were generated subpleurally in the left lower lung lobe of 66 Fischer rats. Ten days following sarcoma implantation, tumors underwent different pre‐treatment schemes: no PDT (controls), low‐dose PDT (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®, 10 J/cm2 and 35 mW/cm2) and high‐dose PDT (0.125 mg/kg Visudyne®, 10 J/cm2 and 35 mW/cm2). Liporubicin™ was then administered and allowed to circulate for 1, 3, or 6 hours. At the end of each treatment scheme, we assessed the uptake of Liporubicin™ in tumor and lung tissues by high‐performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsIn all PDT‐treated groups, there was a significant enhancement of Liporubicin™ uptake in tumors compared to controls after 3 and 6 hours of drug circulation. In addition, Liporubicin™ distribution within the normal lung tissue was not affected by PDT. Thus, PDT pre‐treatment significantly enhanced the ratio of tumor‐to‐lung drug uptake compared to controls. Finally, fluorescence microscopy revealed a well‐detectable Liporubicin™ signaling throughout PDT‐treated tumors but not in controls.ConclusionsPDT is a tumor‐specific enhancer of Liporubicin™ distribution in sarcoma lung tumors which may find a translation in clinics. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:391–399, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Two‐dimensional changes and surface characteristics from an erbium laser used for root canal preparation
Authors: Roper M.J. , White J.M. , Goodis H.E. , Gekelman D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveErbium lasers have been advocated for use in root canal because of their ability to ablate dentin and remove biologic debris in the root canal space. This study evaluated the ability of an Er:YAG laser to remove dentin predictably in the root canal system and its cleaning ability.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight single‐rooted extracted teeth were assigned into two groups. The first group was cleaned and shaped using crown‐down technique with GT rotary files (control). The second group used an Er:YAG laser with ceramic tip, above the dentin ablation threshold for root canal shaping. A separate group of three teeth was evaluated for cleanliness using an Er:YAG laser with spiral tips. Amount of dentin removed in the buccal–lingual and mesial–distal directions was measured, the data analyzed by ANOVA. Surface characteristics were qualitatively examined.ResultsThe control group produced cleaner, better shaped root canals, faster than the Er:YAG group. The Er:YAG group removed more dentin in the coronal portion but less in the middle and apical thirds. The Er:YAG with spiral tip group left a dense smear layer in the middle and apical thirds. The Er:YAG group was subject to procedural errors more often than the control group.ConclusionThe Erbium laser studied was equivalent to rotary files in the coronal and middle thirds but not in the apical thirds of the root canal system. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:379–383, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii using phenothiazinium dyes: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Ragàs Xavier , Dai Tianhong , Tegos George P. , Agut Montserrat , Nonell Santi , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhenothiazinium dyes have been reported to be effective photosensitizers inactivating a wide range of microorganisms in vitro after illumination with red light. However, their application in vivo has not extensively been explored. This study evaluates the bactericidal activity of phenothiazinium dyes against multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii both in vitro and in vivo.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe report the investigation of toluidine blue O, methylene blue, 1,9‐dimethylmethylene blue, and new methylene blue for photodynamic inactivation of multidrug‐resistant A. baumannii in vitro. The most effective dye was selected to carry out in vivo studies using third‐degree mouse burns infected with a bioluminescent A. baumannii strain, upon irradiation with a 652 nm noncoherent light source. The mice were imaged daily for 2 weeks to observe differences in the bioluminescence–time curve between the photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐treated mice in comparison with untreated burns.ResultsAll the dyes were effective in vitro against A. baumannii after 30 J/cm2 irradiation of 635 or 652 nm red light had been delivered, with more effective killing when the dye remained in solution. New methylene blue was the most effective of the four dyes, achieving a 3.2‐log reduction of the bacterial luminescence during PDT in vivo after 360 J/cm2 and an 800 µM dye dose. Moreover, a statistically significant reduction of the area under the bioluminescence–time curve of PDT‐treated mice was observed showing that the infection did not recur after PDT.ConclusionsPhenothiazinium dyes, and especially new methylene blue, are potential photosensitizers for PDT to treat burns infected with multidrug‐resistant A. baumannii in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:384‐390, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human liver autofluorescence: An intrinsic tissue parameter discriminating normal and diseased conditions
Authors: Croce Anna C. , De Simone Uliana , Freitas Isabel , Boncompagni Eleonora , Neri Daniele , Cillo Umberto , Bottiroli Giovanni 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAutofluorescence (AF) emission is an intrinsic parameter that can provide real‐time information on morpho‐functional properties of biological tissue, being strictly related with their biochemical composition and structural organization. The diagnostic potentials of AF‐based techniques have been investigated on normal, fibrotic, and steatotic liver tissues, in reference to histological features as evidenced by specific histochemical stainings.Materials and MethodsAF emission under excitation at 366 nm has been examined on cryostatic tissue sections obtained from biopsies collected during surgical operation, by means of fluorescence imaging and microspectrofluorometric techniques.ResultsNAD(P)H, collagen, and vitamin A were found to be the endogenous fluorophores characterizing normal, fibrotic, and steatotic liver tissue AF, respectively. The differences of their photo‐physical properties, in terms of emission amplitude, spectral shape, and response to irradiation, give rise to modifications of overall AF signal collected from tissues that allow the liver conditions to be distinguished.ConclusionThe study provides a valid premise for a development of AF‐based optical biopsy techniques for a real‐time discrimination of liver anatomo‐pathological patterns. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:371‐378, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperthermic injury to adipocyte cells by selective heating of subcutaneous fat with a novel radiofrequency device: Feasibility studies
Authors: Franco Walfre , Kothare Amogh , Ronan Stephen J. , Grekin Roy C. , McCalmont Timothy H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a novel non‐invasive radiofrequency (RF) device to induce lethal thermal damage to subcutaneous adipose tissue only by establishing a controlled electric field that heats up fat preferentially.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAdipocyte cells in six‐well plates were subjected to hyperthermic conditions: 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65°C during 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Cell viability was assessed 72 hours after exposure. Two groups of abdominoplasty patients were treated with the RF device during and days before their surgical procedure. Temperatures of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues were measured during treatment (3 minutes) of the first group. The immediate tissue response to heating was assessed by acute histology. The delayed tissue response was assessed by histology analysis of the second group, 4, 9, 10, 17, and 24 days after treatment (22 minutes). A mathematical model was used to estimate treatment temperatures of the second group. The model uses patient‐based diagnostic measurements as input and was validated with in vivo clinical temperature measurements.ResultsCell viability dropped from 89% to 20% when temperature increased from 45 to 50°C during 1 minute exposures. Three minutes at 45°C resulted in 40% viability. In vivo, the temperature of adipose tissue at 7–12 mm depth from the surface increased to 50°C while the temperature of cutaneous tissues was <30°C during RF exposure. Acute and longitudinal histology evaluations show normal epidermal and dermal layers. Subcutaneous tissues were also normal acutely. Subcutaneous vascular alterations, starting at day 4, and fat necrosis, starting at day 9, were consistently observed within 4.5–19 mm depth from the skin surface. Subcutaneous tissue temperatures were estimated to be 43–45°C for 15 minutes.ConclusionsA controlled internal electric field perpendicular to the skin–fat interface is selective in heating up fat and, consequently, has the ability to induce lethal thermal damage to subcutaneous adipose tissues while sparing overlying and underlying tissues. In vitro adipocyte cells are heat sensitive to thermal exposures of 50 and 45°C on the order of minutes, 1 and 3 minutes, respectively. In vivo, 15 minutes thermal exposures to 43–45°C result in a delayed adipocyte cellular death response—in this study, 9 days. The novel RF device presented herein effectively delivers therapeutic thermal exposures to subcutaneous adipose tissues while protecting epidermal and dermal layers. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:361–370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the excimer laser assisted non‐occlusive anastomosis (ELANA) flap retrieval rate
Authors: van Doormaal Tristan P.C. , van der Zwan Albert , van der Tweel Ingeborg , Verdaasdonk Rudolf , Verweij Bon H. , Regli Luca , Tulleken Cornelius A.F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA key element in the Excimer Laser Assisted Non‐occlusive Anastomosis (ELANA) technique is the retrieval of a disc (“flap”) of artery wall from the anastomosis by the laser catheter tip. We assessed if the flap retrieval rate could be optimized.MethodsWe used a specially designed in vitro model using rabbit aortas. We tested three essential elements of the technique: (1) laser energy (10, 13, 15, or 18 mJ), (2) pressure on the catheter (0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 N), and (3) number of lasing episodes (1 or 2). We made 2,280 anastomoses using different combinations of settings. With a logistic regression model we assessed the influence of each parameter. Current clinical settings (10 mJ, 0.2 N, 1 episode) were reference categories.ResultsFlap retrieval rate using conventional settings was 86.7%, equivalent to earlier reported clinical data. A significantly higher flap retrieval appeared when laser energy was increased to 13 mJ (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.8–4.8), 15 mJ (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9–5.3), and 18 mJ (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.2–6.2). A second lasing episode also significantly increased flap retrieval (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0). However, if we increased energy to 15 or 18 mJ, the effect of a second laser episode was insignificant. When the catheter was pushed down with 0.4 N, flap retrieval decreased significantly in all subgroups (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.14).ConclusionThe flap retrieval of the ELANA anastomosis technique can be optimized to 100% by setting the laser energy at 15 mJ. However, safety studies are necessary before clinical application. A second lasing episode of 10 mJ is a good alternative to increase the flap retrieval. Moreover, the surgeon should be trained to apply not more than 0.2 N on the catheter. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:418‐424, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal heating profile influence on the immediate bond strength following laser tissue soldering
Authors: Rabi Yaron , Katzir Abraham 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundBonding of tissues by laser heating is considered as a future alternative to sutures and staples. Increasing the post‐operative bond strength remains a challenging issue for laser tissue bonding, especially in organs that have to sustain considerable tension or pressure. In this study, we investigated the influence of different temporal heating profiles on the strength of soldered incisions. The thermal damage following each heating procedure was quantified, in order to assess the effect of each heating profile on the thermal damage.Materials and MethodsIncisions in porcine bowel tissue strips (1 cm×4 cm) were soldered, using a 44% liquid albumin mixed with indocyanine green and a temperature controlled laser (830 nm) tissue bonding system. Heating was done either with a linear or a step temporal heating profile. The incisions were bonded by soldering at three points, separated by 2 mm. Set‐point temperatures of Tset = 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 150°C and dwell times of td = 10, 20, 30, 40 seconds were investigated. The bond strength was measured immediately following each soldering by applying a gradually increased tension on the tissue edges until the bond break.ResultsBonds formed by linear heating were stronger than the ones formed by step heating: at Tset = 80°C the bonds were 40% stronger and at Tset = 90°C the bonds strength was nearly doubled. The bond strength difference between the heating methods was larger as Tset increased.ConclusionLinear heating produced stronger bonds than step heating. The difference in the bond strength was more pronounced at high set‐point temperatures and short dwell times. The bond strength could be increased with either higher set‐point temperature or a longer dwell time. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:425‐432, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of tissue alteration in skin after interaction with photomechanical waves used for gene transfection
Authors: Terakawa Mitsuhiro , Tsuda Hitoshi , Ashida Hiroshi , Sato Shunichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe previously delivered a therapeutic gene to skin grafts of rats by using photomechanical waves (PMWs), also called laser‐induced stress waves (LISWs), with the objective of enhancing adhesion of grafted tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate tissue alterations that are possibly caused by PMWs used for gene delivery on the basis of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.Materials and MethodsPMWs were generated by irradiating an elastic laser target (rubber disk) with 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses from a (of) Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. Tissue alterations were evaluated by histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical stainings, including anti‐rat CD68 antibody staining to identify macrophages for detection of inflammation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining for assessment of apoptosis. Morphological changes of cell membranes and organelles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsSkin exposed to PMWs that were generated at a laser fluence of 1.2 J/cm2 (42 MPa in peak pressure), which is the optimum laser fluence (pressure) for therapeutic gene delivery to skin graft, showed no noticeable damage. At fluences higher than 1.8 J/cm2 (>51 MPa), fragmentation of nuclei was observed and the number of CD68‐positive cells increased remarkably. No significant increases in the numbers of TUNEL‐positive keratinocytes and fibroblasts were observed at 1.2 J/cm2. At fluences higher than 1.8 J/cm2, the averaged ratio of TUNEL‐positive cells also increased. The results of electron microscopy revealed that PMWs generated at 1.2 J/cm2 caused neither damage to the cell membrane, nuclear membrane, or organelles.ConclusionWe observed no noticeable tissue alteration under the optimum laser irradiation conditions used for therapeutic gene delivery to a skin graft, demonstrating low invasiveness of our PMW‐based gene transfection. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:400–407, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Depth of tissue ablation and residual thermal damage caused by a pixilated 2,940 nm laser in a swine skin model
Authors: Regan Thomas D. , Uebelhoer Nathan S. , Satter Elizabeth , Ross E. Victor 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of fluence, pulse stacking, and multiple passes on the depth of injury caused by a fractionated Er:YAG laser in an in vivo farm pig model.Design/Material/MethodsA fractionated 2,940 nm Er:YAG laser (Pixel, Alma Lasers, Caesarea, Israel) was applied to the flank skin of a Yorkshire cross pig. The 11 mm×11 mm handpiece was comprised of either 49 or 81 microbeams (200 µm diameter), depending on the tip configuration. There were six different parameter sets divided according to total energy per pulse (150, 285, and 500 mJ) and tip type (81 or 49 microbeams per 11 mm×11 mm macrospot). Each of these six groups was subdivided according to number of stacked pulses (1, 3, and 6) and number of passes (1, 3, and 6). This resulted in a total of 36 treatment parameters.ResultsWith the 49 microbeam configuration, a single pulse resulted in partial epidermal ablation at 150 mJ, complete epidermal ablation at 285 mJ and partial dermal ablation at 500 mJ to a depth of 90 µm. Stacking the pulses resulted in a significant increase in ablation with each fluence with the maximal depth of ablation measured at 140 µm after six stacked pulses at 500 mJ. Increasing the number of passes did not result in a significant increase in ablative depth, but did create a larger surface area of ablation. Residual thermal damage (RTD) was minimal and remained between 10 and 20 µm.ConclusionsThe fractionated Er:YAG laser exhibited some of the same tissue interactions as its fully ablative counterparts. An increase in fluence resulted in an increase in ablative depth with minimal RTD. Additionally, RTD was unaffected by pulse stacking or by additional passes. Differences were that pulse stacking appeared to yield a more rapid decrease in ablation efficiency and additional passes did not seem to increase the depth of ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:808–811, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
A physical method to enhance transdermal delivery of a tissue optical clearing agent: Combination of microneedling and sonophoresis
Authors: Yoon Jinhee , Park Donghee , Son Taeyoon , Seo Jongbum , Nelson J. Stuart , Jung Byungjo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVarious physical methods, such as microneedling, laser ablation, sonophoresis, and sandpaper, have been widely studied to enhance the transdermal delivery of tissue optical clearing (TOC) agents. A previous study demonstrated that the microneedling method could effectively enhance the permeability of a TOC agent through the skin barrier.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this study, we introduce a new physical combination method which utilizes both microneedling and sonophoresis to further enhance the transdermal delivery of a TOC agent, glycerol. Porcine skin samples were divided into a control group treated only with the microneedle roller and a test group treated with both the microneedle roller and sonophoresis. Glycerol was applied topically after microneedling. The optimal concentration and transdermal delivery efficacy of glycerol were quantitatively evaluated.ResultsA 70% glycerol solution was determined to be the optimal concentration for the combination method. The combination method resulted in approximately a 2.3‐fold higher transdermal diffusion rate of glycerol when compared to the microneedling method alone.ConclusionThe combination method and optimal glycerol concentration effectively enhanced transdermal delivery of glycerol by accelerating the diffusion rate through the skin barrier. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:412–417, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.