bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem Gambling Inside and Out: The Assessment of Community and Institutional Problem Gambling in the Canadian Correctional System
Authors: Turner Nigel E. , Preston Denise L. , McAvoy Steven , Gillam Laura 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This paper reports on the results of a multi-site survey of gambling behaviour and gambling problems amongst offenders in correctional institutions in Ontario, Canada, conducted between 2008 and 2011. A total of 422 (completion rate 61.5 %) incarcerated offenders (381 male and 41 female) took part in the study including 301 federal offenders and 121 provincial offenders. Based on the Problem Gambling Severity Index of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI/PGSI) the prevalence rate of severe problem gambling was 8.9 prior to incarceration and 4.4 % during incarceration. These numbers are substantially higher than rates found among the general public. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported gambling in prison. Half of those who suffered from gambling problems before incarceration continued to have gambling problems during incarceration. People with problems related to slot machines prior to incarceration reported fewer gambling problems during incarceration compared to other problem gamblers.
Highly Upregulated Expression of CD36 and MSR1 in Circulating Monocytes of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Piechota Michal , Banaszewska Anna , Dudziak Joanna , Slomczynski Marek , Plewa Robert 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) are a group of disorders caused by the significant reduction of circulation in coronary arteries. The most common reason of the dysfunction is a blood clot formed in place of plaque rupture. The role of scavenger receptors in development and progression of atherosclerosis has been confirmed in many animal experiments, however the knowledge about contribution of the receptors in the development of ACS symptoms in humans still remains insufficient. The aim of this work was to define the expression of two scavenger receptors: CD36 and MSR1 in monocytes of patients with ACS after the onset of symptoms and after the 6 months of treatment. The analysis of CD36 and MSR1 expression was carried out with the use of real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Analyses of lipid and glucose concentration in blood and the level of inflammatory markers in plasma were performed additionally for all ACS patients. All data obtained during the research were analyzed using statistical tests, such as Mann Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, or correlation. In all patients with symptoms of ACS the amount of CD36 and MSR1 mRNA in circulating monocytes, as well as the density of both receptors on the cells surface was significantly higher. Re-analysis of subjects after 6 months of treatment, showed a significant decrease in the CD36 and MSR1 expression in all patients who received atorvastatin. The results of presented studies demonstrate that both investigated receptors are involved in the development and/or progression of ACS.
Comparison of Free Fatty Acids Composition of Cuticular Lipids of Calliphora vicina Larvae and Pupae
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe chemical characterization of the free fatty acid (FFA) fractions of the cuticular lipids of Calliphora vicina larvae and pupae was performed by separating the FFA fraction using high‐performance liquid chromatography with laser light scattering detection (HPLC–LLSD) and quantitatively analyzing the FFA using gas chromatography–electron impact mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Thirty‐two saturated and unsaturated FFA were identified and quantified in the insect lipids. Cuticular FFA profiles of C. vicina larvae and pupae were compared. Cuticular FFA of larvae and pupae accounted for 70.8 and 77.8 % of the total lipids, respectively. The cuticular lipids of C. vicina larvae contained 24 FFA ranging from 8:0 to 24:0, whereas the cuticular lipids of pupae contained 32 FFA ranging from 6:0 to 26:0. The cuticular lipids of the larvae contained 16 saturated, five monounsaturated, one diunsaturated, and two polyunsaturated FFA. The cuticular lipids of the pupae contained 18 saturated, nine monounsaturated, two diunsaturated, and three polyunsaturated FFA. The major cuticular FFA in C. vicina larvae and pupae was 18:1 (47.6 and 41.7 %, respectively). The highest amounts of total cuticular FFA were detected in larvae of C. vicina (1.7 mg/g of the insect body). The quantities of total cuticular FFA in pupae were smaller (1.4 mg/g of the insect body).
Wavelet Analysis of DNA Walks on the Human and Chimpanzee MAGE/CSAG-Palindromes
Authors: Qi Yanjiao , Jin Nengzhi , Ai Duiyuan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The palindrome is one class of symmetrical duplications with reverse complementary characters, which is widely distributed in many organisms. Graphical representation of DNA sequence provides a simple way of viewing and comparing various genomic structures. Through 3-D DNA walk analysis, the similarity and differences in nucleotide composition, as well as the evolutionary relationship between human and chimpanzee MAGE/CSAG-palindromes, can be clearly revealed. Further wavelet analysis indicated that duplicated segments have irregular patterns compared to their surrounding sequences. However, sequence similarity analysis suggests that there is possible common ancestor between human and chimpanzee MAGE/CSAG-palindromes. Based on the specific distribution and orientation of the repeated sequences, a simple possible evolutionary model of the palindromes is suggested, which may help us to better understand the evolutionary course of the genes and the symmetrical sequences.
Dynamics of a high-Reynolds-number bubble rising within a thin gap
Authors: Roig Véronique , Roudet Matthieu , Risso Frédéric , Billet Anne-Marie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report an experimental analysis of path and shape oscillations of an air bubble of diameter $d$ rising in water at high Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$ in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell of width $h$. Liquid velocity perturbations induced by the relative movement have also been investigated to analyse the coupling between the bubble motion and the wake dynamics. The confinement ratio $h/ d$ is less than unity so that the bubble is flattened between the walls of the cell. As the bubble diameter is increased, the Archimedes and the Bond numbers increase within the ranges $10\leq \mathit{Ar}\leq 1{0}^{4} $ and $6\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} \leq Bo\leq 140$. Mean shapes become more and more elongated. They first evolve from in-plane circles to ellipses, then to complicated shapes without fore–aft symmetry and finally to semi-circular-capped bubbles. The scaling law $\mathit{Re}= 0. 5\mathit{Ar}$ is valid for a large range of $\mathit{Ar}$, however, indicating that the liquid films between the bubble and the walls do not contribute significantly to the drag force exerted on the bubble. The coupling between wake dynamics, bubble path and shape oscillations evolves and a succession of different regimes of oscillations is observed. The rectilinear bubble motion becomes unstable from a critical value ${\mathit{Ar}}_{1} $ through an Hopf bifurcation while the bubble shape is still circular. The amplitude of path oscillations first grows as $\mathit{Ar}$ increases above ${\mathit{Ar}}_{1} $ but then surprisingly decreases beyond a second Archimedes number ${\mathit{Ar}}_{2} $. This phenomenon, observed for steady ellipsoidal shape with moderate eccentricity, can be explained by the rapid attenuation of bubble wakes caused by the confinement. Shape oscillations around a significantly elongated mean shape start for $\mathit{Ar}\geq {\mathit{Ar}}_{3} $. The wake structure progressively evolves due to changes in the bubble shape. After the break-up of the fore–aft symmetry, a fourth regime involving complicated shape oscillations is then observed for $\mathit{Ar}\geq {\mathit{Ar}}_{4} $. Vortex shedding disappears and unsteady attached vortices coupled to shape oscillations trigger path oscillations of moderate amplitude. Path and shape oscillations finally decrease when $\mathit{Ar}$ is further increased. For $\mathit{Ar}\geq {\mathit{Ar}}_{5} $, capped bubbles followed by a steady wake rise on a straight path.
Three-dimensional vortex structure on a rotating wing
Authors: Ozen Cem A. , Rockwell D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe three-dimensional structure of the leading-edge vortex on a rotating wing is addressed using a technique of particle image velocimetry. Organized patterns of chordwise-oriented vorticity, which exist within the vortex, arise from the spanwise flow along the surface of the wing, which can attain a velocity the same order as the velocity of the wing at its radius of gyration. These patterns are related to the strength (circulation) and coherence of the tip and root vortices. The associated distributions of spanwise-oriented vorticity along the leading-edge vortex are characterized in relation to the vorticity flux and downwash along the wing.
ALGORITHMS TO IDENTIFY ABUNDANTp-SINGULAR ELEMENTS IN FINITE CLASSICAL GROUPS
Authors: NIEMEYER ALICE C. , POPIEL TOMASZ , PRAEGER CHERYL E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLetGbe a finited-dimensional classical group andpa prime divisor of ∣G∣ distinct from the characteristic of the natural representation. We consider a subfamily ofp-singular elements inG(elements with order divisible byp) that leave invariant a subspaceXof the naturalG-module of dimension greater thand/2 and either act irreducibly onXor preserve a particular decomposition ofXinto two equal-dimensional irreducible subspaces. We proved in a recent paper that the proportion inGof these so-calledp-abundantelements is at least an absolute constant multiple of the best currently known lower bound for the proportion of allp-singular elements. From a computational point of view, thep-abundant elements generalise another class ofp-singular elements which underpin recognition algorithms for finite classical groups, and it is our hope thatp-abundant elements might lead to improved versions of these algorithms. As a step towards this, here we present efficient algorithms to test whether a given element isp-abundant, both for a known primepand for the case wherepis not knowna priori.
CLASSIFICATION OF QUIVER HOPF ALGEBRAS AND POINTED HOPF ALGEBRAS OF TYPE ONE
Authors: ZHANG SHOUCHUAN , CHEN HUI-XIANG , ZHANG YAO-ZHONG 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuiver Hopf algebras are classified by means of ramification systems with irreducible representations. This leads to the classification of Nichols algebras over group algebras and pointed Hopf algebras of type one.
The rapid development of birdwatching in mainland China: a new force for bird study and conservation
Authors: MA ZHIJUN , CHENG YIXIN , WANG JUNYAN , FU XINGHUA 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBirdwatching is a popular activity in western countries where it has helped to integrate research into birds, bird conservation, and socio-economic development. We analysed the development of birdwatching in mainland China and its roles in bird study and conservation using a standard questionnaire and interviews. Birdwatching in mainland China began only recently (in the 1990s). The increased numbers of foreign birdwatchers visiting China promoted birdwatching there. As of 2010, a total of 36 local birdwatching societies had been established, and the number of birdwatchers exceeds 20,000. The development of birdwatching has been positively correlated with local economic conditions–that is, the number of birdwatchers is much greater in economically developed areas than in relatively undeveloped areas. Birdwatchers have not only contributed to a greater understanding of the population status of birds in China but also promoted bird conservation at the local level. Although China’s conservation policies are currently formulated and implemented in a top-down manner via government regulation, with little contribution from local individuals, the rapid development of birdwatching reflects an improved understanding of conservation by local communities and growing participation in conservation initiatives by local people and organisations. We predict that with the continued development of China’s economy, birdwatching will further develop and play an increasing role in China’s conservation policies and practices. This is important as China is a country with a high rate of endemism and many globally-threatened species
Nitrogen fixation and identification of potential diazotrophs in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Blais Marjolaine , Tremblay Jean‐Éric , Jungblut Anne D. , Gagnon Jonathan , Martin Johannie , Thaler Mary , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: August 2012

Global gaseous nitrogen (N2) fixation rates may be underestimated and data is lacking from many regions without conspicuous diazotrophic cyanobacteria, such as cold oceans. We estimated N2 fixation rates at diverse sites in the Canadian Arctic, including the mouth of the Mackenzie River, the offshore Beaufort Sea, Lancaster Sound, Baffin Bay and a river influenced fjord. We also identified potential diazotrophic communities using a targeted survey of the nifH gene. Nitrogen fixation rates ranged from 0.02 nmol N L−1 d−1 in Baffin Bay to 4.45 nmol N L−1 d−1 in the Mackenzie River plume. Sequences recovered from the nifH gene survey belonged mainly to Cluster III, a group of nifH sequences associated with diverse microorganisms, with some α‐ andγ‐proteobacterianifH genes at most sites. Cyanobacteria nifH genes with best matches to Nostocales, which are common in Arctic freshwaters, were recovered from the marine Beaufort Sea. The geographic pattern of N2 fixation rates and nifHgene identities suggest that the Mackenzie River is the source of a diazotrophic community that contributes new nitrogen to the nitrogen‐depleted surface waters of the Beaufort Sea. This first record of N2 fixation at high latitudes refines our understanding of the global nitrogen budget.
Examining Alternatives to Wavelet Denoising for Astronomical Source Finding
Authors: Jurek R. , Brown S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Square Kilometre Array and its pathfinders ASKAP and MeerKAT will produce prodigious amounts of data that necessitate automated source finding. The performance of automated source finders can be improved by pre-processing a dataset. In preparation for the WALLABY and DINGO surveys, we have used a test Hi datacube constructed from actual Westerbork Telescope noise and WHISP Hi galaxies to test the real world improvement of linear smoothing, the Duchamp source finder's wavelet denoising, iterative median smoothing and mathematical morphology subtraction, on intensity threshold source finding of spectral line datasets. To compare these pre-processing methods we have generated completeness-reliability performance curves for each method and a range of input parameters. We find that iterative median smoothing produces the best source finding results for ASKAP Hi spectral line observations, but wavelet denoising is a safer pre-processing technique. In this paper we also present our implementations of iterative median smoothing and mathematical morphology subtraction.
Egg Transfer to Increase Productivity and Predictability in Bluegill Fry Production
Authors: Arslan Tulin , Phelps Ronald P 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The traditional spawning–rearing pond method used in seed production for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus has shortcomings that inhibit meeting the demand for high numbers of uniform-size fry and fingerlings by recreational fisheries and the developing aquaculture industry. In this study, the feasibility of an egg transfer method in bluegill seed production was evaluated. For this, 30 female and 15 male broodfish were spawned in artificial nests located in 15-m2 outdoor tanks. The fish were allowed to spawn for 21 d in each of three trials conducted between June 22 and September 3. Nests with eggs were collected daily, and the eggs were either hatched in flow-through aquaria or separated from the nest using a 1.5% sodium sulfite solution and hatched in McDonald jars. Short sodium sulfite treatments were effective in separating eggs from the nest, and hatching of eggs still attached to the nests in flowing-water aquaria was reliable and required less labor. Compared with the traditional method, egg transfer improved both the number produced (mean ± SD, 33 ± 17 fry/g of female body weight per 21 d and 433 ± 243 fry/m2 per day) and the efficiency of producing young. With the transfer method, high numbers of uniform-size fry can be produced in a short period using fewer brooders and less space than in the spawning–rearing pond method.
Received February 23, 2010; accepted September 2, 2010
Replacement of Fish Meal with Ethanol Yeast in the Diets of Sunshine Bass
Authors: Gause Brian , Trushenski Jesse 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Increasing demand and rising costs of fish meal (FM) coupled with static landings of reduction fisheries have made continued use of FM-rich aquaculture feeds environmentally and economically unsustainable. Animal- and plant-derived proteins have been investigated as alternatives to FM, with variable success. Observed limitations of commonly used alternative proteins have led nutritionists to investigate new alternatives to FM. Ethanol yeast, a co-product of bioethanol production and potential new alternative protein source, was evaluated as a FM replacement in the diets of sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis). Five diets were evaluated, including a control diet containing 30% FM and four experimental diets (22.5, 15, 7.5, and 0% FM) in which 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the FM content was replaced with ethanol yeast. Juvenile sunshine bass (∼16 g) were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 45 d. Production performance of sunshine bass was not impaired by partial FM replacement and in some cases was marginally improved by dietary inclusion of ethanol yeast. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and feed intake were equivalent among fish fed the control, 22.5% FM, 15% FM, and 7.5% FM feeds; weight gain was significantly increased in the 15% FM group compared with the control. However, complete replacement (0% FM) resulted in significantly impaired growth performance and conversion efficiency. Whole-body composition did not differ with respect to moisture, ash, or protein content; however, crude lipid content was significantly elevated in the 7.5% FM treatment, suggesting a protein–energy imbalance in this formulation. Although our study was a short-term screening trial, based on our results we suggest that an optimal level of FM in ethanol-yeast-based feeds for sunshine bass would be between 7.5% and 15%.
Received March 15, 2010; accepted June 5, 2010
Stream Salinization by Inland Brackish-Water Aquaculture
Authors: Pine Harvey J , Boyd Claude E 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Commercial aquaculture is performed in several regions of Alabama, with much of the production being concentrated in the Blackland Prairie region. Portions of this region have access to aquifers containing brackish water with salinities ranging from 1 to 10 g/L that are currently supplying water to several pond-based aquaculture facilities. The use of low-salinity water has been beneficial for the production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and such water has been found suitable for the culture of marine species such as the Pacific white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei. Though the use of this resource has been recognized as beneficial, the potential for it to salinize local surface waters is unknown. An element of concern associated with the salinization of streams is the chloride ion. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established an instream standard chloride concentration of 230 mg/L for freshwater, which has been adopted by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management. Investigation into stream salinization resulting from low-salinity aquaculture in western Alabama was initiated in June 2006. Eight streams were sampled bimonthly for salinity, conductivity, and chloride concentration. Four of the eight streams are associated with aquaculture production facilities and receive effluents from these operations. The remaining four streams are located near the aquaculture facilities but do not receive effluents or runoff from them. The facilities include a catfish fingerling facility, a catfish production facility, a shrimp production facility, and a combined catfish–shrimp production facility. The streams associated with the aquaculture production facilities were sampled at sites both upstream and downstream from them. Sampling through April 2007 revealed that the streams associated with the aquaculture facilities had chloride concentrations exceeding 230 mg/L at various times during the year. These results indicate that these facilities are contributing to stream salinization.
Received January 29, 2010; accepted August 18, 2010
Efficacy and Toxicity of Iodine Disinfection of Atlantic Salmon Eggs
Authors: Chalupnicki Marc A , Ketola H George , Starliper Clifford E , Gallagher Dennis 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Recent interest in the restoration of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Great Lakes has given rise to new culture techniques and management programs designed to reduce pathogen transmission while stabilizing and enhancing wild populations. We examined the toxicity of iodine to Atlantic salmon eggs and its effectiveness as a disinfectant against bacteria on egg surfaces. We spawned and fertilized eight gravid Atlantic salmon from Cayuga Lake, New York, and exposed their eggs to 10 concentrations of iodine (5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 500, 750, 1,000, 5,000, and 7,500 mg/L) for 30 min during water hardening. An additional subsample of unfertilized eggs was also exposed to some of the same concentrations of iodine (5, 10, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) to determine the efficiency of disinfection. Viable eggs were only obtained from four females. Survival of eggs to the eyed stage and hatch tended to be reduced at iodine concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/L and was significantly reduced at concentrations of 100 mg/L iodine or more. We calculated the concentrations of iodine that killed 50% of the Atlantic salmon eggs at eye-up and hatch to be 175 and 85 mg/L, respectively. Aeromonas veronii, A. schubertii, A. hydrophila, A. caviae, Plesiomonas shiggeloides, and Citrobacter spp. were the predominant bacteria present on the surface of green eggs and were significantly reduced by an iodine immersion. The use of iodine as a disinfectant on Atlantic salmon eggs was effective at low concentrations (50–75 mg/L), for which toxicity to Atlantic salmon was minimal.
Received June 8, 2010; accepted September 19, 2010