bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of helicobacter pylori in benign laryngeal lesions by polymerase chain reaction: a cross sectional study
Authors: Izadi Farzad , Ahmadi Aslan , Ghourchian Shadi , Daneshi Ahmad , Memari Faramarz , Khadivi Ehsan , Mohammadi Shabahang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Although Helicobacter Pylori (HP) was detected in some cases of chronic laryngitis, the results were not confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By this time, it has not been found in laryngeal lesions by in house PCR, the most sensitive method for detecting the genome tracks. Regarding the previous results and also few numbers of studies about the presence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions, specifically by PCR, we aimed to investigate the presence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions by in-house PCR.

Methods
The samples were taken from 55 patients with benign laryngeal lesions and frozen in −20°C. One milliliter (ml) of lysis buffer was added to 100 mg (mg) of each sample and the tube was placed in 56°C overnight. Then DNA extraction was carried out.

Results
To find HP DNA, in-house PCR was performed that revealed 5 positive results among 55 patients with benign laryngeal lesions. Of them, 3 were polyp, 1 was nodule and 1 was papilloma.

Conclusion
Although the number of positive results was not a lot in this study, it was in contrast with previous studies which could not find any HP tracks in benign laryngeal lesions by other methods. More studies about the prevalence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions improve judging about the effect of this infection on benign laryngeal lesions.
A retrospective, deformable registration analysis of the impact of PET-CT planning on patterns of failure in stereotactic body radiation therapy for recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: Wang Kyle , Heron Dwight E , Flickinger John C , Rwigema Jean-Claude M , Ferris Robert L , Kubicek Gregory J , Ohr James P , Quinn Annette E , Ozhasoglu Cihat , Branstetter Barton F 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has seen increasing use as a salvage strategy for selected patients with recurrent, previously-irradiated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (rSCCHN). PET-CT may be advantageous for tumor delineation and evaluation of treatment failures in SBRT. We analyzed the patterns of failure following SBRT for rSCCHN and assessed the impact of PET-CT treatment planning on these patterns of failure.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 96 patients with rSCCHN treated with SBRT. Seven patients (7%) were treated after surgical resection of rSCCHN and 89 patients (93%) were treated definitively. PET-CT treatment planning was used for 45 patients whereas non-PET-CT planning was used for 51 patients. Categories of failure were assigned by comparing recurrences on post-treatment scans to the planning target volume (PTV) from planning scans using the deformable registration function of VelocityAI™. Failures were defined: In-field (>75% inside PTV), Overlap (20-75% inside PTV), Marginal (<20% inside PTV but closest edge within 1cm of PTV), or Regional/Distant (more than 1cm from PTV).

Results
Median follow-up was 7.4 months (range, 2.6–52 months). Of 96 patients, 47 (49%) developed post-SBRT failure. Failure distribution was: In-field–12.3%, Overlap–24.6%, Marginal–36.8%, Regional/Distant–26.3%. There was a significant improvement in overall failure-free survival (log rank p = 0.037) and combined Overlap/Marginal failure-free survival (log rank p = 0.037) for those receiving PET-CT planning vs. non-PET-CT planning in the overall cohort (n = 96). Analysis of the definitive SBRT subgroup (n = 89) increased the significance of these findings (overall failure: p = 0.008, Overlap/Marginal failure: p = 0.009). There were no significant differences in age, gender, time from prior radiation, dose, use of cetuximab with SBRT, tumor differentiation, and tumor volume between the PET-CT and non-PET-CT groups.

Conclusions
Most failures after SBRT treatment for rSCCHN were near misses, i.e. Overlap/Marginal failures (61.4%), suggesting an opportunity to improve outcomes with more sensitive imaging. PET-CT treatment planning showed the lowest rate of overall and near miss failures and is beneficial for SBRT treatment planning.
Contractual Flexibility, Rent Seeking, and Renegotiation Design: An Empirical Analysis of Information Technology Outsourcing Contracts
Authors: Susarla Anjana 
Published: April 2012

This paper examines renegotiation design in contracts for outsourced information technology (IT) services. Whereas prior literature in information systems has highlighted the likelihood of ex post rent seeking engendered by renegotiation, we build upon literature on incomplete contracts to posit that renegotiation can be Pareto improving by incorporating contingencies revealed ex post. Research on contract renegotiation has been hampered by two sets of challenges: the lack of appropriate data and empirical challenges in identification. We circumvent this problem both by appropriate data collection and by employing an identification strategy to address alternate causal explanations. We propose a measure, Pareto improving amendments, to assess renegotiation outcomes that enhance the value from outsourcing by hazard equilibration and by incorporating learning. Using a unique sample of 141 IT outsourcing contracts, we examine the role of decision rights delineated ex ante in enabling Pareto improving amendments and in resolving the trade-off between adaptation and rent seeking. We find that flexibility provisions, termination for convenience rights, and contractual rights whereby vendors are granted rights to reuse know-how are associated with Pareto improving amendments. The results are robust to potential endogeneity of contractual provisions when parties have feasible foresight and to the possibility of adverse selection in the sample. We also examine alternate explanations from the literature on contractual breach. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Trajectory of Behavior and Emotional Problems in Autism
Authors: Gray Kylie , Keating Caroline , Taffe John , Brereton Avril , Einfeld Stewart , Tonge Bruce 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
High rates of behavior and emotional problems have been consistently reported in children and adolescents with autism. Elevated rates of mental health problems have also been reported in adults with autism. Little is known, however, about the longitudinal development of behavior and emotional problems in autism. This study followed a cohort of children and adolescents over 18 years. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of behavior and emotional problems and autism symptomatology. The role of childhood factors (age, gender, IQ, behavior, and emotional problems) and the environment (socioeconomic disadvantage) were considered in terms of adult outcomes. Overall, improvements in comorbid behavior and emotional problems and autism symptomatology were observed. However, rates of comorbid behavior and emotional problems in adulthood remained high.
Reichskonkordat für Ermächtigungsgesetz?
Authors: Wolf Hubert 
Published: April 2012

Vorspann
Historiker sind – entgegen weit verbreiteter Vorurteile – mitnichten streitscheu, wie die lange Reihe heftiger Debatten von der Fischer-Kontroverse über den Historikerstreit bis zum „Amt“-Disput zeigt. Einen besonderen Stellenwert hat dabei die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Scholder/Repgen über das Reichskonkordat und das Ermächtigungsgesetz im Frühjahr 1933, die in den siebziger Jahren die Gemüter bewegte. Der renommierte Kirchenhistoriker Hubert Wolf historisiert diese nie ganz verstummte Debatte, die mit harten Bandagen geführt wurde – aber auch beträchtlichen Erkenntnisgewinn abwarf.
Konfrontation und Kommunikation
Authors: Metzler Gabriele 
Published: April 2012

Vorspann
Politische Morde ohne mediale Inszenierung – das war für linke Terroristen immer ausgeschlossen. Sie wollten die Öffentlichkeit erreichen, ihre Botschaften und Heilsideologien in die Gesellschaft tragen. Gabriele Metzler von der Humboldt- Universität in Berlin zeigt, dass der Staat darauf nicht unvorbereitet war. Er reagierte auf die medialen Stilisierungen und Herausforderungen des Terrorismus nicht nur mit politischen, polizeilichen und legislativen Mitteln, sondern auch mit einer breit angelegten publizistischen und performativen Gegenstrategie, die seine Widersacher sogar im eigenen Umfeld isolierte. Besonderen Reiz gewinnt dieser methodisch innovative Ansatz durch den transatlantischen Vergleich: Handelte Washington, das mit den linksradikalen Weathermen konfrontiert war, anders als Bonn, wo man mit der RAF zu tun hatte?
Vom Nutzen der Sozialwissenschaften für die Zeitgeschichte
Authors: Dietz Bernhard , Neumaier Christopher 
Published: April 2012

Vorspann
Die Historiker Rüdiger Graf und Kim Christan Priemel haben in der Oktobernummer 2011 der Vierteljahrshefte eine wichtige Diskussion über das Verhältnis von Zeitgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften angestoßen und ihrer Zunft die mitunter allzu unbekümmerte Entlehnung sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien angekreidet. Bernhard Dietz und Christopher Neumaier führen diese Diskussion fort und stellen dabei ihr Projekt einer Historischen Wertewandelsforschung vor, das von einer reflektierten Nutzung der Sozialwissenschaften zeugt.
Kettős DIEP lebenyek egyoldali emlőrekonstrukcióban
Authors: Lóderer Zoltán , Bognár Gábor , Berki Csaba , Bognár Gábor , Novák András , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: April 2012

Absztrakt
A saját szövettel végzett emlő-helyreállítás kiváló lehetősége a DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) lebennyel végzett rekonstrukció. Az alsó median laparotomia műtéti hege kihívást jelent, ha az ellenoldali emlő mérete a teljes hasfali lebeny felhasználását indokolja a megfelelő volumen elérése végett. Három ilyen esetben kettős DIEP lebenyekkel végeztünk rekonstrukciót, mikrosebészeti módszerrel. A betegek szövődmény nélkül gyógyultak, jó esztétikai eredmény mellett. A módszer biztonságos lehetőséget kínál, és bővíti az emlő-helyreállítás spektrumát.
Optical Properties of Alloyed PbSexS1-x Nanorods
Authors: Brusilovski Anna Rubin , Kolan Dikla , Maikov Georgy I. , Vaxenburg Roman , Sashchiuk Aldona , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the synthesis, structural and optical characterization of PbSexS1-x nanorods with diameter between 2 nm to 4.5 nm and length of 12 nm to 24 nm. Their typical photoluminescence spectra exhibit a split of the band-edge exciton band. The temperature dependence photoluminescence of these nanorods revealed a relatively small band-gap temperature coefficient and a mild extension of the radiative lifetime at cryogenic temperatures - all in comparison with photoluminescence processes in PbSe nanorods, as well as in PbSexS1-x quantum dots, with similar absorption band-edge energy. A theoretical model associates the experimental observations to the occurrence of independent transitions from either degenerate or non-degenerate band-edge valleys in PbSexS1-x nanorods, each of which possessing a relatively small electron-hole exchange interaction.
Free-floating Reaction Centers (RCs) versus Attached Monolayer of RCs in Bio-photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Yaghoubi Houman , Takshi Arash , Jun Daniel , Saer Rafael , Madden John D. , Beatty J. Thomas 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe high quantum efficiency (~100%) in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) has inspired research on the application of RCs to build protein based solar cells. Conventionally, applying RCs as the photosensitive layer on the surface of a carbon electrode has shown poor photocurrents in the cells. The low photocurrent is partly due to the weak absorption of light in the monolayer of RCs. Also, an Atomic Force Microscopy image of the electrode shows lots of defects on the immobilized RCs at the electrode surface. In this work, we have built a bio-photoelectrochemical cell in which the RCs are floating in the electrolyte instead of being attached to the surface of an electrode. Despite the simple structure of the cell, the photocurrent is significantly higher in the new cell compared to when RCs are attached to an electrode. The amplitude of current reached to ~40 nA for free floating RCs, about five times larger than that in the cell with attached RCs. The aging effect was studied in both cells in a course of a week. The lifetime of attached RCs on electrode surface was slightly better than solubilized RCs in the electrolyte. Also, it is found that the mechanism which governs the charge transfer from RCs to the electrodes is the same in both bio-photoelectrochemical cells.
The Essence and Efficiency Limits of Bulk-Heterostructure Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Alam M. , Ray B. , Khan M. , Dongaonkar S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:Since its introduction in early 1990s, bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic solar cell (BHJ-OPV) has promised high-efficiency at ultra-low cost and weight, with potential for non-traditional applications such as building-integrated PV. There is a widespread presumption, however, that the complexity of morphology makes carrier transport in OPV irreducibly complicated, and possibly, beyond predictive modeling. In this paper, we use elementary and intuitive arguments to derive the fundamental thermodynamic as well as morphology-specific practical limits of BHJ-OPV efficiency. We find that constraints of the percolation threshold and trade-off among short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor make substantial improvement in OPV efficiency difficult. We posit that future improvement in OPV will rely not on morphology engineering, or reducing the polymer bandgap, but on increasing both the effective μ × τ product and the cross-gap between donor/acceptors. Even if the OPV fails to achieve the highest efficiency anticipated by the thermodynamic limit, its novel form factor, lightweight, and transparency can make it a commercially viable option for many applications.
Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of pervoskite YCrxFe1-xO3, (0≤x≤1).
Authors: MalagaReddy Vijayalaxmi , Rai Binod , Mishra Sanjay , Rong Chaunbing , Liu J 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSingle-phase samples of YCrxFe1−xO3were synthesized by a mechanochemical method. X-ray diffraction data show linear reduction in the lattice parameters of YCrxFe1−xO3perovskites with the Cr content, indicating that Cr ions substitute for Fe ions to form a solid solution. Magnetic measurements show hysteresis loops at 5K. The substitution of Cr for Fe enhances the magnetization for up to x=0.33 Cr doping level. For higher doping levels, 0.33<x<1, the system behaves as a frustrated system. At x=1, YCrO3behaves as a week ferromagnet with TN~140 K. The chloride salt based machenochemical method offers simple synthesis route for the synthesis of pure multiferroic compounds.
A new vertical nanoporous functional structure process fabrication to control one dimensional nanostructure growth
Authors: Lefeuvre Emmanuel , Kim Ki-Hwan , Châtelet Marc , Cojocaru Costel-Sorin 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA novel vertical nanoporous structure is reported as a starting point for the fabrication of a fully-surround gate field effect transistor (FET) based on well-ordered nanostructures array. The proposed porous stacking is perfectly suited both for the collective organization of high density (up to 1011.cm-2) arrays of nanostructures like nanowires (NWs) or nanotubes (NTs), as with calibrated diameters (during growth), as well as for easing the Source, Gate, and Drain electrodes connections for individual or groups of nanostructures. Moreover the unique fully-surround gate architecture enables a quasi-ideal coupling between the gate and the channel, theoretically leading to improved devices performance and reduced global power consumption.In this paper we describe the main steps for this versatile and lithography-free technique to fabricate a multi-layer porous template down to the nanometer scale, as well as the first nanostructures (carbon NTs) growth attempts inside such functional template. We highlight the fact that the proposed porous structure may acts as a passive template for the one-dimensional nanomaterials growth as well as an active element in the future device.The proposed approach is in line with bottom-up fabrication approach to provide smaller devices, and is fully-compatible with classical processes used in the silicon industry.
Oral Rehabilitation With Dental Implants for Teeth Involved in a Maxillary Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Monje Alberto , Monje Florencio , Suarez Fernando , González‐García Raúl , Villanueva‐Alcojol Laura , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2012

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare but important benign lesion affecting the maxillofacial region that presents bone pain, deformities, and fracture. Although FD presents radiographic patterns, it has to be analyzed histologically for a final diagnosis. Currently, there is no universally accepted guide for FD treatment. This case report describes a successful case of excision of the entire lesion in the upper left maxilla and the placement of two dental implants for oral rehabilitation, followed by guided bone regeneration.Case Presentation: A 49‐year‐old female patient presented with a growth on the left side of the maxilla that developed 4 years previously. Cone‐beam computed tomography was used to analyze the lesion and clinical features, and the FD was confirmed by histologic analysis. Extraction of the teeth involved with the lesion and excising the lesion was suggested. This was followed by two‐implant placement for oral rehabilitation, grafting the cavity with an osteoconductive material. Both implants were successfully integrated, as confirmed by clinical examination and a resonance frequency test.Conclusion: Dental implant and related guided bone regeneration can be successfully obtained in a patient with an FD lesion.
Addressing the Implementation Gap in Global Road Safety: Exploring Features of an Effective Response and Introducing a 10-Country Program
Authors: Hyder Adnan A. , Allen Katharine A. , Di Pietro Gayle , Adriazola Claudia A. , Sobel Rochelle , Larson Kelly , Peden Margie 
Published: April 2012

Yearly, more than 1.2 million people are killed by road traffic injuries (RTIs) around the globe, and another 20 to 50 million are injured. The global burden of RTIs is predicted to rise. We explored the need for concerted action for global road safety and propose characteristics of an effective response to the gap in addressing RTIs. We propose that a successful response includes domains such as strong political will, capacity building, use of evidence-based interventions, rigorous evaluation, increased global funding, multisectoral action, and sustainability. We also present a case study of the global Road Safety in 10 Countries project, which is a new, 5-year, multipartner initiative to address the burden of RTIs in 10 low- and middle-income countries.
Comparison of phenobarbital with bromide as a first-choice antiepileptic drug for treatment of epilepsy in dogs
Authors: Boothe Dawn Merton , Dewey Curtis , Carpenter David Mark 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare efficacy and safety of treatment with phenobarbital or bromide as the first-choice antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs.
Design—Double-blinded, randomized, parallel, clinical trial.
Animals—46 AED-naïve dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy.
Procedures—Study inclusion was based on age, history, findings on physical and neurologic examinations, and clinicopathologic test results. For either phenobarbital treatment (21 dogs) or bromide treatment (25), a 7-day loading dose period was initiated along with a maintenance dose, which was adjusted on the basis of monthly monitoring. Efficacy and safety outcomes were compared between times (baseline and study end [generally 6 months]) and between drugs.
Results—Phenobarbital treatment resulted in eradication of seizures (17/20 [85%]) significantly more often than did bromide (12/23 [52%]); phenobarbital treatment also resulted in a greater percentage decrease in seizure duration (88 ± 34%), compared with bromide (49 ± 75%). Seizure activity worsened in 3 bromide-treated dogs only. In dogs with seizure eradication, mean ± SD serum phenobarbital concentration was 25 ± 6 μg/mL (phenobarbital dosage, 4.1 ± 1.1 mg/kg [1.9 ± 0.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) and mean serum bromide concentration was 1.8 ± 0.6 mg/mL (bromide dosage, 31 ± 11 mg/kg [14 ± 5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). Ataxia, lethargy, and polydipsia were greater at 1 month for phenobarbital-treated dogs; vomiting was greater for bromide-treated dogs at 1 month and study end.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both phenobarbital and bromide were reasonable first-choice AEDs for dogs, but phenobarbital was more effective and better tolerated during the first 6 months of treatment.
Comparison of three-view thoracic radiography and computed tomography for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with neoplasia
Authors: Armbrust Laura J. , Biller David S. , Bamford Aubrey , Chun Ruthanne , Garrett Laura D. , Sanderson Michael W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the detection of pulmonary nodules by use of 3-view thoracic radiography and CT in dogs with confirmed neoplasia.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—33 dogs of various breeds.
Procedures—3 interpreters independently evaluated 3-view thoracic radiography images. The location and size of pulmonary nodules were recorded. Computed tomographic scans of the thorax were obtained and evaluated by a single interpreter. The location, size, margin, internal architecture, and density of pulmonary nodules were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for thoracic radiography (with CT as the gold standard).
Results—21 of 33 (64%) dogs had pulmonary nodules or masses detected on CT. Of the dogs that had positive CT findings, 17 of 21 (81 %) had pulmonary nodules or masses detected on radiographs by at least 1 interpreter. Sensitivity of radiography ranged from 71 % to 95%, and specificity ranged from 67% to 92%. Radiography had a positive predictive value of 83% to 94% and a negative predictive value of 65% to 89%. The 4 dogs that were negative for nodules on thoracic radiography but positive on CT were all large-breed to giant-breed dogs with osteosarcoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT was more sensitive than radiography for detection of pulmonary nodules. This was particularly evident in large-breed to giant-breed dogs. Thoracic CT is recommended in large-breed to giant-breed dogs with osteosarcoma if the detection of pulmonary nodules will change treatment.
Development of groundwater levels as a consequense of climate change
Authors: Pásztorová M. , Skalová J. , Vitková J. , Juráková M. 
Published: April 2012

Development of groundwater levels as a consequense of climate changeClimate change poses a significant threat to many wetland ecosystems. Wetlands exist in a transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments and can be affected by slight alterations in regional hydrology, which can influence climate change through air temperature changes, regional changes in a rainfall regime, surface run-off, snow, duration of the winter season, groundwater resources and evapotranspiration.Climate change in wetland areas is most significantly reflected in water levels and adjacent groundwater levels, and it can significantly change the hydroecological proportions of wetland ecosystems and endanger rare wetland fauna and flora communities. The focus of this paper is the impact of climate change on the groundwater level in the Záhorie Protected Landscape area in the Zelienka national nature reservation. The impact of the climate change was solved through the meteorological characteristic changes adapted by the GISS98 and CCCM2000 climatic scenarios. The groundwater level was determined by the HYDRUS-ET model for the time frames 2010, 2030 and 2075 in 20-year time intervals and consequently compared to the reference period of 1971-1990.