bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grizzly bear population vital rates and trend in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem, Montana
Authors: Mace Richard D. , Carney Daniel W. , Chilton‐Radandt Tonya , Courville Stacy A. , Haroldson Mark A. , Harris Richard B. , Jonkel James , Mclellan Bruce , Madel Michael , Manley Timothy L. , Schwartz Charles C. , Servheen Christopher , Stenhouse Gordon , Waller John S. , Wenum Erik 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe estimated grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population vital rates and trend for the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE), Montana, between 2004 and 2009 by following radio‐collared females and observing their fate and reproductive performance. Our estimates of dependent cub and yearling survival were 0.612 (95% CI = 0.300–0.818) and 0.682 (95% CI = 0.258–0.898). Our estimates of subadult and adult female survival were 0.852 (95% CI = 0.628–0.951) and 0.952 (95% CI = 0.892–0.980). From visual observations, we estimated a mean litter size of 2.00 cubs/litter. Accounting for cub mortality prior to the first observations of litters in spring, our adjusted mean litter size was 2.27 cubs/litter. We estimated the probabilities of females transitioning from one reproductive state to another between years. Using the stable state probability of 0.322 (95% CI = 0.262–0.382) for females with cub litters, our adjusted fecundity estimate (mx) was 0.367 (95% CI = 0.273–0.461). Using our derived rates, we estimated that the population grew at a mean annual rate of approximately 3% (λ = 1.0306, 95% CI = 0.928–1.102), and 71.5% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations produced estimates of λ > 1.0. Our results indicate an increasing population trend of grizzly bears in the NCDE. Coupled with concurrent studies of population size, we estimate that over 1,000 grizzly bears reside in and adjacent to this recovery area. We suggest that monitoring of population trend and other vital rates using radioed females be continued. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Deer and elk hunter recruitment, retention, and participation trends in Montana
Authors: Gude Justin A. , Cunningham Julie A. , Herbert Jeffrey T. , Baumeister Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBig game hunting is the most popular type of hunting in the United States, and deer and elk hunting are the most popular type of hunting in Montana. Similar to other states, deer and elk hunting also generates most of the revenue spent on wildlife conservation by the state of Montana. Although nationwide trends indicate a concerning decline in hunter participation, the trends in license sales and hunter participation within most states have not received as much attention. We investigated trends in resident deer and elk license sales in Montana using existing licensing databases. We then estimated hunter recruitment, hunter participation, and license purchasing probabilities using hunter education and licensing databases. We employed a multi‐state mark–recapture model and 248,819 records of deer and elk license purchasing habits for individual Montana residents during 2002–2007. We used matrix population models to examine the relative influence of these parameters on trends in license sales and hunter participation. Resident deer and elk license sales increased 4% in Montana during 2002–2007. We found that males had greater recruitment rates, retention rates, and license purchasing probabilities than females, and that young adults had lesser license purchasing probabilities than other age classes. Based on analyses of matrix population models, trends in license sales in Montana are most influenced by middle‐aged and baby boomer male license purchase probabilities. Trends in hunter participation are positively influenced by recruitment and retention in all male age classes, with the smallest predicted effects arising from recruitment of young adult males. Our results suggest that a focus on older age class males with programs designed to increase hunter recruitment, retention, and license purchase probabilities may have similar or larger effects on trends in license sales and hunter participation in Montana than programs directed at youth. Our analyses also provide a framework by which trends in hunter recruitment, retention, and license purchasing habits can be objectively quantified in order to inform and evaluate hunter recruitment, retention, and license purchase habit programs. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Habitat modeling used to predict relative abundance of bobcats in Iowa
Authors: Linde Stephanie A. , Roberts Steven D. , Gosselink Todd E. , Clark William R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe combined observations of bobcats (Lynx rufus) from bowhunters with remotely‐sensed data to build models that describe habitat and relative abundance of this species in the agricultural landscape of Iowa, USA. We calculated landscape composition and configuration from publicly available land cover, census, road, hydrologic, and elevation data. We used multiple regression models to examine county‐level associations between several explanatory variables and relative abundance of bobcats reported by surveyed bowhunters in each county. The most influential explanatory variables in the models were metrics associated with the presence of grassland, including Conservation Reserve, along with configuration of this perennial habitat with forests, although human population density and abundance of eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) also correlated with abundance of bobcats. Validation of predictions against 3 years of independent data provided confidence in the models, with 66% of predictions within 1 bobcat/1,000 hunter‐hours and 95% within 5 bobcats/1,000 hunter‐hours of observed values. Once we accounted for landscape differences, no residual spatial trend was evident, despite relatively recent bobcat recolonization of Iowa. Models suggested that future range expansion of the bobcat population may be possible in some northern Iowa counties where habitat composition is similar to counties in southern Iowa where bobcats are abundant. Results from the county‐level model have been useful to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources in evaluating the expansion of this once rare species and for delineating harvest opportunities. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Thyroid disease and compressive symptoms
Authors: Banks Caroline A. , Ayers Christopher M. , Hornig Joshua D. , Lentsch Eric J. , Day Terry A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Compressive symptoms are common in thyroid disease, but few studies have focused on the presence, associated factors, and etiology of compressive symptoms.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2005 through 2009 were reviewed. The data included demographics, indication for surgery, compressive symptoms, complications, diagnosis, volume of thyroid gland, presence of inflammation, and follow‐up.Results:Three hundred thirty‐three patients were identified. The mean age was 51 years, and 82% were female. Fifty‐two percent (n = 172) of patients experienced compressive symptoms preoperatively, including dysphagia (n = 131) and shortness of breath (n = 83). Twenty‐six percent (n = 86) of patients presented with voice changes, and 8% (n = 27) complained of odynophagia. Postoperatively, 25 patients (8%) continued to have compressive symptoms (P < .0001), and 10 patients (3%) developed new compressive symptoms. Compressive symptoms were present in 72% (n = 21) of patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis, 71% (n = 5) of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer, and 60% (n = 92) of patients with goiter. The average volume of the gland in patients with compressive symptoms was 75.5 mL compared to 37.1 mL in asymptomatic patients (P < .0001). There was not a significant relationship between compressive symptoms and the presence of inflammation (P = .869).Conclusions:Patients with thyroid disease frequently present with compressive symptoms, and the majority of patients experience relief postoperatively. The volume of the thyroid gland is associated with compressive symptoms along with additional contributing factors.
Comorbid predictors of poor response to chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Melissa , Ampil Fred , Clark Cheryl , Sonavane Kunal , Caldito Gloria , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate whether a correlation exists between medical comorbidities and disease control following primary therapy of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study Design:Retrospective medical record review.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma between 1997 and 2011. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 (ACE 27) index was used to evaluate severity of comorbid health. Ten‐year disease‐free survival rates and median disease‐free intervals were calculated, and significant associations between disease recurrence and comorbid factors were determined using the log‐rank test. Independent significant risk factors for disease recurrence were determined with the Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:Of the 181 patients identified, 121 were treated nonsurgically with either primary radiotherapy (XRT) (49%) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (51%). Sixty patients (50%) experienced recurrence of their disease. The 10‐year disease‐free survival rate was 23.8%, and the median disease‐free survival was 58 months (95% confidence interval, 12‐108 months). Factors observed to be significantly associated with recurrence within 10 years after treatment were renal disease (P < .01), pulmonary disease (P < .01), malnutrition (P < .01), T size (P < .01), stage (P = .02), and ACE 27 Index (P < .01). Independent significant risk factors for recurrence were malnutrition (P < .01), T stage (P = .01), and ACE 27 (P < .01). Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.43 for T stage, 2.58 for ACE 27, and 2.15 for malnutrition.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrate that there is a significant association between increased comorbidity and recurrent disease in laryngeal carcinoma treated with XRT/CRT. The consideration of comorbid health in primary treatment planning may improve the success and survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: A Korean multicenter study
Authors: Kim Dong‐Young , Hong Sung‐Lyong , Lee Chul Hee , Jin Hong‐Ryul , Kang Jun Myung , Lee Bong‐Jae , Moon Il Joon , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Rha Ki‐Sang , Cho Seok Hyun , Kim Kyong Rae , Kim Sung Wan , Kim Dae Woo , Chung Young‐Jun , Kim Kyung‐Su , Won Tae‐Bin , Shim Woo Sub , Park Chan Hum , Kang Il Gyu , Roh Hwan‐Jung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The study group for sinonasal tumors at the Korean Rhinologic Society analyzed the results of the Korean multicenter experience for sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) surgeries.Study Design:Multicenter cohort study and retrospective analysis.Methods:In total, 939 patients diagnosed with sinonasal IP treated between 1998 and 2007 at 17 university hospitals were enrolled. Demographic data and information about previous surgeries, the origin and involved site of the tumor, the surgical approach, follow‐up duration, recurrence, and the presence of malignancy were collected. There were 361 patients whose follow‐up was <12 months who were excluded, and 578 patients were included for recurrence analysis.Results:The mean follow‐up duration for recurrence analysis was 41.0 months, and 15.7% (91/578) had recurrences, with a mean time to recurrence of 32.6 months. However, the group whose follow‐up was longer than 3 years had a higher chance of tumor recurrence. Patients whose IPs involved the frontal sinus or the medial wall of the maxillary sinus had higher recurrence rates. There was no significant difference in recurrence rates according to stage or surgical approach. In the T3 stage of Krouse, the T3‐A stage of Furuta, and group B of the Citardi staging system, the endoscopic approach alone resulted in higher recurrence rates.Conclusions:Generally, there were no significant differences in recurrence rates according to clinical stage or surgical approach. Given the rate of delayed recurrence, follow‐up of >3 years is required. Moreover, surgeons should always consider combined approaches to reduce the chances of recurrence.
In Situ Polymerized Carbon Nanotube/Polyimide Nanocomposites: Effect of Reaction Stoichiometry on the Glass Transition Properties of the Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Dae Hwan , Won You‐ Yeon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of in situ polymerized CNT/PI nanocomposite materials synthesized at a fixed diamine‐to‐dianhydride monomer feed ratio with varying concentrations of added –COOH‐ functionalized CNT is studied. It is found that the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite varies non‐monotonically with CNT concentration. To determine the origin of this behavior, the molecular weights of the matrix polymers are measured by the intrinsic‐viscosity method. The functional‐group density of the CNT material is determined by potentiometric titration. The results confirm that the glass transition of the CNT/PI system depends on the concentration of the CNT filler through its influence on the functional group stoichiometry and thus on the molecular weight of the polycondensation product.magnified image
Problems recruiting volunteers: Nature versus nurture
Authors: Hager Mark A. , Brudney Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn a national study of public charities in the United States, we find that some organizations experience little difficulty recruiting volunteers while others report substantial problems. We study which organizations are more likely to report recruitment problems, separating the underlying forces for those problems into two camps. One, which we label “nature,” represents organizational conditions that cannot readily be overcome by a management response. The other, which we label “nurture,” represents organizational conditions that volunteer resource managers and other members of the top management team can directly influence as they seek to make their organization more inviting to prospective volunteers. We find some support for both camps, concluding that managers must be prepared to work with both immutable and malleable conditions when devising strategies for recruiting volunteers whose schedule and skills fit the organization's needs.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in pediatric patients
Authors: Curran Kevin J. , Kernan Nancy A. , Prockop Susan E. , Scaradavou Andromachi , Small Trudy N. , Kobos Rachel , Castro‐Malaspina Hugo , Araten David , DiMichele Donna , O'Reilly Richard J. , Boulad Farid 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease in children. The most significant clinical features of PNH include: bone marrow failure, intravascular hemolysis, and thrombosis. To further characterize the clinical presentation and outcome to treatment we performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with PNH.ProcedureWe reviewed the medical records of 12 consecutive pediatric patients with PNH diagnosed at our institution from 1992 to 2010.ResultsPresenting clinical symptoms included: bone marrow failure (N = 10); gross hemoglobinuria with isolated red cell anemia (N = 1); and jaundice, hepatitis, and isolated thrombocytopenia (N = 1). Immunosuppressive therapy was the initial treatment for 8 patients. Five patients had myelodysplastic features without developing excessive blasts or leukemic transformation. Thrombosis occurred in 6 patients. Five patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) of whom 3 patients are alive and disease‐free. Three patients received anti‐complement therapy with eculizumab. Two patients died following complications related to thrombosis and 2 patients are transfusion independent with stable disease.ConclusionThis report highlights a high rate of bone marrow failure along with a low rate of hemoglobinuria at presentation, a high rate of thrombosis, and for some patients the spontaneous resolution of myelodysplastic features. Delay in diagnosis is common and we recommend appropriate PNH testing in all patients with AA, MDS, unexplained Coombs‐negative hemolysis, or thrombosis. While HSCT remains the only curative option the high prevalence of hemolysis and thrombosis should warrant the consideration of early treatment with anti‐complement therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:525–529. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional status of children and young adults with Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma at diagnosis and during multimodality therapy
Authors: Tenardi Retno D. , Frühwald Michael C. , Jürgens Heribert , Hertroijs Dorijn , Bauer Jacqueline 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveObjective of our study was to evaluate the nutritional status and growth of children and adolescents with common malignancies of the musculoskeletal system at diagnosis, and undergoing multimodality therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data from 2001 to 2009 was conducted. Hospital charts were used as a source of clinical data. Primary endpoint of the analyses was to identify variations in anthropometric parameters at diagnosis and during the first 2 years of follow‐up in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. Factors contributing to disorders of growth in this population were sought.ResultsA total of 139 children were registered, 62 with Ewing sarcoma and 77 with osteosarcoma. At diagnosis 72.7% of all patients were classified as adequately nourished (BMI 5th to <85th percentiles). During treatment all anthropometric parameters were markedly reduced (P < 0.001) in both groups with extreme changes in body weight from −30% to +44%. This was pronounced in children affected by osteosarcoma (P < 0.05). During follow‐up, recovery of body weight was noted in both groups. Height Z‐scores remained low (P < 0.001) in comparison to the general population. After the observation period 43.4% of the children with osteosarcoma and 25.5% of the patients with Ewing sarcoma demonstrated an altered body mass.ConclusionsPediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma are at an increased risk for developing malnutrition, in the form of either over‐ or underweight during multimodality therapy. Early recognition of abnormal body mass is required to prevent and to treat long‐term comorbidities caused by malnutrition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:621–626. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absence of BRAF mutation in pediatric and adolescent germ cell tumors indicate biological differences to adult tumors
Authors: Masqué‐Soler Neus , Szczepanowski Monika , Leuschner Ivo , Vokuhl Christian , Haag Jochen , Calaminus Gabriele , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe V600E mutation of the BRAF gene has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of germ cell tumors in adult patients. We analyzed the mutational status of the BRAF and KRAS gene as well as MLH1 and MSH6 expression as surrogate markers for microsatellite instability in 70 pediatric germ cell tumors. Neither BRAF and KRAS mutations nor loss of MLH1 and MSH6 expression were found. Our data provide further evidence for patient age related biological differences in germ cell tumors and demonstrate that prognostic biomarkers cannot necessarily be transferred from one age group to the other. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:732–735. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of cancer in patients exposed to gabapentin in two electronic medical record systems
Authors: Irizarry Michael C. , Webb David J. , Boudiaf Nada , Logie John , Habel Laurel A. , Udaltsova Natalia , Friedman Gary D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeHigh doses of gabapentin were associated with pancreatic acinar cell tumors in male Wistar rats, but there is little published epidemiological data regarding gabapentin and carcinogenicity. We explored the association between gabapentin and cancer in a US medical care program and followed up nominally significant associations in a UK primary care database.MethodsIn the US Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) health system, we performed nested case–control analyses of gabapentin and 55 cancer sites and all cancers combined using conditional logistic regression. Up to 10 controls were matched to each case on year of birth, sex, and year of cohort entry. No other covariates were included in models. Only dispensings for gabapentin 2 years or more before index date were considered. Nominally significant associations with an OR > 1.00 and p < 0.05 for three or more dispensings versus no dispensings were followed up by similar nested case–control analyses in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), adjusting for potential indications for gabapentin and risk factors for the specific cancers.ResultsThe following analyses had OR > 1.00 and p < 0.05 for three or more dispensings of gabapentin versus no dispensing (2‐year lag) in KPNC and were also examined in the GPRD: all cancers, breast, lung and bronchus, urinary bladder, kidney/renal pelvis, stomach, anus/anal canal/anorectum, penis, and other nervous system. These cancers were not statistically significantly associated with gabapentin in the GPRD case–control studies (2‐year lag). The GPRD and KPNC studies did not identify a statistically significant increased risk of pancreatic cancer with more than two prescriptions of gabapentin in the 2‐year lagged analyses.ConclusionsThe epidemiological data in a US cohort with up to 12 years of follow‐up and a UK cohort with up to 15 years of follow‐up do not support a carcinogenic effect of gabapentin use. However, the confidence intervals for some analyses were wide, and an important effect cannot be confidently excluded. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and distribution of self‐harm among Danish high school students
Authors: MØHL Bo , Skandsen Annika 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to provide an estimate of the prevalence and distribution of non‐suicidal self‐injury among Danish high school students. In a questionnaire study in seven high schools in the Copenhagen area (n = 2 864), we find a lifetime prevalence of 21.5% with a little preponderance of women, but it seems that men are involved in a more persistent and intense form of self‐injurious behaviour. More men (14.7%) than women (6.2%) have injured themselves more than 20 times in the last year. Fewer men than women did not harm themselves in the last year. We conclude that it is important to be aware of self‐harm both among women and men in high schools to avoid escalation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.