bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Simultaneous Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures in a Patient with Long-Term Ibandronate Use
Authors: Patel Vishal C. , Lazzarini Adam M. 
Published: October 2010

Bisphosphonates are the most common medication used to treat patients with documented osteoporosis. Recently, reports have associated long-term bisphosphonate use with low-energy femur fractures. While no definitive mechanism has been associated, bisphosphonate use has been strongly implicated. This article presents the case of a 65-year-old woman with a 2-year history of ibandronate use presenting with simultaneous low-energy femoral shaft fractures. The patient reported prodromal bilateral thigh pain and was seen by a spine surgeon.
A review of the literature implicates long-term ibandronate use in low-energy femur fractures. With most of the basic science studies demonstrating suppressed bone turnover after 5 years of treatment with alendronate, the significance of the present case also lies in the relatively short duration of time the patient was on ibandronate before suffering the bilateral femoral shaft fractures. Possible pathophysiology for the fractures includes suppressed bone turnover that may allow microcracks to propagate in cortical bone, which can weaken the bone and possibly predispose it to fractures. Patients who have been on bisphosphonates long term should be questioned about thigh pain and have radiographs of their femurs obtained if pain exists. Furthermore, if a patient presents with a single subtrochanteric or diaphyseal low-energy femur fracture after long-term bisphosphonate use, a radiograph of the contralateral femur should be obtained to assess for a cortical stress reaction.
Noise in Wavefront Error Measurement from Pupil Center Location Uncertainty
Authors: Applegate Raymond A. , Marsack Jason D. , Sarver Edwin J. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
To examine the impact of pupil center location uncertainty in wavefront sensing on the variance in repeated measures of higher order root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront error (WFE).

Methods:

Dilated WFE for one normal eye and one eye with keratoconus of two patients were measured using a custom Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (lenslet spacing 400
μ
m). Twelve measurements for each patient were averaged to form the best estimate of each eye’s WFE and standard deviation. The percentage of the standard deviation of the actual measurements attributable to the uncertainty in pupil center location was modeled by inducing random offsets in the pupil center up to 50, 100, 150, and 200
μ
m.

Results:
The percentage of standard deviation of the actual measurements accounted for by pupil location uncertainty form a complex interaction between magnitude and distribution of the higher order WFE with the magnitude of pupil centering error. The larger the WFE and pupil center uncertainty, the greater the effect.

Conclusions:
As pupil center uncertainty increases, so does the WFE variation in repeated measurements. The larger the underlying WFE, the greater the impact on measurement variation. Increasing measurement variation decreases the ability to detect changes in WFE (eg, as a function of aging or clinical intervention) and decreases the accuracy with which wavefront-guided corrections can be made.
Stability of Simultaneous Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy and Riboflavin/UVA Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus: Case Reports
Authors: Krueger Ronald R. , Kanellopoulos A. John 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
To follow the stability of a simultaneously delivered therapy that corrects aberrations and stiffens the corneal collagen of eyes with progressive keratoconus.

Methods:

Two patients with progressive keratoconus underwent partial treatment (70% cylinder and sphere up to 50-
μ
m central depth) with topographic customized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the T-CAT module of the ALLEGRETTO WAVE Eye-Q excimer laser (Alcon Laboratories Inc), and then immediate corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin 0.1% drops every 2 minutes while exposed to mean 365-nm ultraviolet A (UVA) light at 3.0 mW/cm
2
for 30 minutes (the Athens Protocol). Pre- and postoperative evaluations included manifest and cycloplegic refraction, Scheimpflug corneal tomography and pachymetry, and slit-lamp examination of corneal clarity with a minimum follow-up of 30 months.

Results:
Both treated eyes experienced rapid healing of the epithelial surface within 5 days and progressive improvement of vision. In the first case, partial treatment reduced the astigmatism and aberrations, allowing for successful soft contact lens wear at 3 months. Follow-up at 13, 19, 30, and 36 months showed progressive reduction of refractive myopia and keratometric power. In the second case, laser treatment led to a near emmetropic refraction with an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 at 3 months, which remained unchanged at 21 and 30 months postoperative.

Conclusions:
Partial topography-guided PRK followed by riboflavin/UVA CXL is a safe and effective therapy that halts the progression of keratoectasia and reduces the spherocylindrical refraction and aberrations to improve the visual function of patients with progressive keratoconus. Stability and progressive improvement over time is observed, although limitations may exist for steeper and thinner corneas.
Epithelial Thickness Profile as a Method to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment After Corneal Ectasia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Gobbe Marine , Archer Timothy J. , Couch Darren 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
To illustrate the hypothesis that epithelial thickness profile maps could be a useful adjunct to topography in monitoring patients after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) treatment.

Methods:
Epithelial thickness profile in vivo was measured by Artemis very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound scanning (ArcScan Inc) across the central 10-mm corneal diameter of a patient before collagen CXL for corneal ectasia after LASIK and at intervals up to 2 years later. Manifest refraction, corneal topography, and corneal front-surface aberrations were also monitored. Epithelial thickness changes were cross-correlated with corneal topography changes and corneal front-surface aberration changes.

Results:
Corneal collagen CXL appeared effective in halting the progression of corneal ectasia. Manifest refraction showed a reduction in spherical equivalent over time after CXL in both eyes. Corneal topography demonstrated stable central keratometry in both eyes. Corneal wavefront aberrations demonstrated a reduction of higher order root-mean-square coma and spherical aberration in both eyes. The epithelial thickness profile was altered, with a slight reduction of the area of epithelial thinning and decreased peripheral thickening. This resulted in minimizing the difference between the thinnest and thickest epithelium and might indicate an improvement of the condition. There were no significant changes in minimum stromal and minimum corneal thicknesses.

Conclusions:
Epithelial thickness maps provide useful information for monitoring the progression of corneal ectasia after corneal collagen CXL, showing in this case, at least no further progression of the ectasia.
New Axis-Marking Method for a Toric Intraocular Lens: Mapping Method
Authors: Cha Deoksun , Kang Su Yeon , Kim Seung-Hyun , Song Jong-Suk , Kim Hyo-Myung 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
A new axis-marking method, the mapping method, for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is described, and its accuracy is compared with that of conventional methods.

Methods:
For toric IOL implantation, the steepest corneal axis was determined by IOLMaster optical biometer measurement (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Three marking methods for accurate alignment of the IOL astigmatism axis to the steepest corneal axis were evaluated and compared. For method 1, the patient was seated at the surgical table and instructed to gaze at a distant target. Using a toric reference marker, the corneal limbus was marked at the 3-, 6-, and 9-o’clock positions. The goal axis was also marked using a toric axis marker. Method 2 used a horizontal slit beam for reference marking points at 3 and 9 o’clock. Method 3 was the new mapping method, in which an anterior segment photograph was used to identify several reference vessel points and axis marking points and to calculate actual lengths from the reference vessel points to the axis marking points. During surgery, the axis marking points were marked on the limbus of the eye using calipers. The accuracy of the three axis-marking methods was evaluated using anterior segment photographs.

Results:

With method 1, the average axis-marking error was 3.69±1.49°. With method 2, the average axis-marking error was 3.14±1.64°. With method 3, the new mapping method, the average axis-marking error was 2.29±1.06°. The new mapping method was more accurate than methods 1 and 2 (
P
<.01 and
P
=.016, respectively, paired
t
test). Axis-marking errors of the two conventional methods were not significantly different (
P
=.061).

Conclusions:
The new axis-marking method, which uses distinct conjunctival vessels as a reference point, showed less axis-marking error compared to the conventional methods examined in this study.
Limbal Relaxing Incisions Using a Reference Point and Corneal Topography for Intraoperative Identification of the Steepest Meridian
Authors: Miyata Kazunori , Miyai Takashi , Minami Keiichiro , Bissen-Miyajima Hiroko , Maeda Naoyuki , Amano Shiro 
Published: October 2010

Purpose:
To examine the efficacy and safety of topography-based limbal relaxing incision (LRI) surgery.

Methods:
Forty-four eyes of 36 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery more than 1 month previously, had refractive against-the-rule astigmatism of ≥2.00 diopters (D), and were scheduled to undergo LRI surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups—a topography-based LRI group (19 eyes of 14 patients) and a conventional LRI group (25 eyes of 22 patients). The topography-based LRI procedure comprised 3 steps: placing a mark on the cornea and conjunctiva, identifying this mark in the topographic image, and performing LRI based on the location of the mark. In the conventional LRI group, the horizontal meridian was marked under a slit lamp and LRIs were made based on the position of the horizontal mark.

Results:

Corneal astigmatism in the topography-based LRI group before and 1 month after surgery was 2.03±0.92 D and 1.33±0.69 D, respectively (
P
=.014). Corneal astigmatism in the conventional LRI group before and 1 month after surgery was 2.36±0.77 D and 0.93±0.70 D, respectively (
P
<.0001). Fourier harmonic analysis of the topography data demonstrated that regular astigmatism was significantly decreased in the two groups. The mean regular astigmatism was not significantly different before and after LRI between groups, whereas the variances (mean of the deviation squared from its mean) of regular astigmatism were significantly different between groups 1 month after LRI.

Conclusions:
Compared with conventional LRI surgery, a topography-based procedure may reduce the deviation of the effect of LRIs.
Development of Subretinal Fibrosis After Anti-VEGF Treatment in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hwang John C. , Del Priore Lucian V. , Freund K. Bailey , Chang Stanley , Iranmanesh Reza 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:
To describe the development or progression of subfoveal fibrosis after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective case series.

Results:
Seven eyes of seven patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration developed subfoveal fibrosis after anti-VEGF therapy in the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage. Five of seven patients experienced vision loss of 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units or greater.

Conclusion:
Subfoveal fibrosis may develop or progress in neovascular age-related macular degeneration despite the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage and treatment with anti-VEGF. Development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of subretinal fibrosis.
A Machine Vision Method for Automated Alignment of Fundus Imaging Systems
Authors: Moscaritolo Michele , Knezevich Frederick P. , Zimmer-Galler Ingrid , Jampel Henry , Zeimer Ran 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:
To report a method to track the pupil in three axes simultaneously prior to imaging the fundus.

Patients and Methods:
The system is based on parallax optical alignment to detect the center of the pupil. The system consists of two cameras acquiring pupil images from two distinct directions and an operator-supervised algorithm to derive the coordinates of the pupil center and output of commands to drive a three-axes computer-controlled stage. The system was tested in a cohort of 45 individuals 61 ± 15 years of age, 26 with and 19 without glaucoma. The tracking was performed without pharmacologic pupil dilation.

Results:
The variability of the pupil center determination (assessed by the standard deviation) was ± 0.19 and ± 0.33 mm for the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. The processing time of the algorithm was 0.75 msec. The tracking converged to within a preset tolerance of ± 0.5 mm in 45 of the 45 eyes.

Conclusion:
Image acquisition and processing of pupil images can be used to align fundus imaging systems rapidly, accurately, and with minimal operator intervention.
Optical Coherence Tomography/Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Imaging of Optic Nerve Head Drusen
Authors: Patel Nandesh N. , Shulman Julia P. , Chin Kimberly J. , Finger Paul T. 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:
To evaluate optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (OCT/SLO) imaging for optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

Patients and Methods:
Nine consecutive eyes with ONHD were imaged. Each underwent visual field testing, 20-MHz B-scan ultrasonography, photography, and OCT/SLO imaging of the nerve head. Similar evaluation was performed on 12 matched, disease-free control eyes for comparison.

Results:
OCT/SLO imaging of ONHD demonstrated lucencies (100%), variable amounts of displacement, and thickening of the overlying nerve fiber layer, as well as disorganization of the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (44%). Optic nerve head topography was measured (using horizontal and vertical electronic calipers). Mean disc diameter was 1.81 mm (range: 1.49 to 2.12 mm). All ONHD demonstrated anterior displacement of the base of the optic nerve cup (shallowing) compared to controls. The cup base was a mean +0.32 mm anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium for ONHD versus −0.23 mm for normal controls.

Conclusion:
OCT/SLO revealed unique and clinically helpful views of ONHD.
Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP): 36-Month Experience with Telemedicine Screening
Authors: Silva Ruwan A. , Murakami Yohko , Lad Eleonora M. , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:
To report the 36-month experience of the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP) telemedicine initiative.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of the SUNDROP archival data between December 1, 2005, and November 30, 2008, to evaluate this diagnostic technology for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. A total of 230 consecutively enrolled infants meeting ROP examination criteria were screened with the Ret-Cam II (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) and evaluated by the SUNDROP reading center at Stanford University. Outcomes included referral-warranted ROP, treatment-warranted ROP, and anatomic outcomes.

Results:
In the initial 36-month period, the SUNDROP telemedicine initiative did not miss any treatment-warranted ROP. A total of 230 infants (460 eyes) were imaged, resulting in 1,059 examinations and 10,921 unique images. Ten infants were identified with referral-warranted ROP: nine underwent laser photocoagulation and one regressed spontaneously. The sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 99.5%. No patient progressed to retinal detachment or other adverse outcomes.

Conclusion:
The SUNDROP telemedicine screening initiative for ROP has demonstrated high reliability for identification of treatment-warranted disease. All cases of treatment-warranted disease were captured. There were no adverse outcomes.
Conversion to Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): Learning Curve with Big-Bubble Technique
Authors: Ünal Mustafa , Bilgin Burak , Yucel Iclal , Akar Yusuf , Apaydin Cemil 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:
To report the perioperative complications and clinical outcomes of 50 deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) cases.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty eyes of 50 patients with pathologies involving the corneal stroma and sparing the Descemet’s membrane and endothelium were included consecutively in this prospective, noncomparative interventional case series study. DALK was performed using the big-bubble technique.

Results:
The most frequent indication for DALK surgery was keratoconus (26 eyes), followed by corneal dystrophy (10 eyes) and superficial corneal scar (14 eyes). The average follow-up period was 12.0 ± 3.9 months. DALK was completed in 41 cases (82%). A big bubble was achieved successfully in 37 cases (74%). Descemet’s membrane perforations occurred in 14 (28%) eyes, 8 of which were macroperforation and necessitated conversion to penetrating keratoplasty. Complications tended to decrease throughout the study. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was present in 30 of 41 (73.2%) eyes that underwent DALK. There was no episode of graft rejection.

Conclusion:
DALK big-bubble technique may be a valuable procedure during transition from penetrating keratoplasty to anterior lamellar keratoplasty. It provided acceptable visual and refractive outcome even during the learning period in a variety of corneal lesions.
Properties, Structure and Reactivity of Cobaloximes
Authors: Dreos Renata , Geremia Silvano , Randaccio Lucio , Siega Patrizia 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Cobaloximes are bis(dioximate) cobalt complexes with the metal ion having different oxidation and coordination numbers. The most common cobaloximes are octahedral complexes of formula
trans
‐LCo(dioxH)
2
X, where dioxH is the dioxime monoanion, L a neutral ligand and X a monoanionic ligand. Due to the possibility to obtain and characterize Co
III
compounds with a large variety of dioxH, X and L ligands, they constitute a unique system of octahedral cobalt complexes. The availability of a large number of complexes has allowed to rationalize their structural properties in solution and in the solid state and their reactivity in term of
cis
and
trans
influences and effects. These studies were also prompted by the widely accepted proposal that cobaloximes are model systems of cobalamins, the cofactors of B
12
enzymes. Cobaloximes behave as functional models of cobalamin also towards the reductive dechlorination of chloroethylenes. Alkylcobaloximes have catalytic applications in organic chemistry and in polymerization reactions. Recently, inorganic cobaloximes have been studied as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution in the presence of a proton source. All these aspects of cobaloximes and of some related compounds, such as dioximate chlatrochelates, are presented in this chapter.
Near‐Field Lithography by Two‐Photon Induced Photocleavage of Organic Monolayers
Authors: Álvarez Marta , Best Andreas , Unger Andreas , Alonso José M. , del Campo Aránzazu , Schmelzeisen Marcus , Koynov Kaloian , Kreiter Max 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe prove that the enhanced electromagnetic near‐field around metallic nanostructures can be used for localized two‐photon induced activation of surfaces, obtaining a defined chemical pattern with nanometric resolution. Gold nanoparticles (Au‐NP) are deposited on glass slides that were modified with a polysiloxane layer containing a nitroveratrylcarbonyl (NVoc) photoremovable group. Upon illumination with a femtosecond laser, the NVoc entity is removed. Due to the electromagnetic field enhancement of the nanoparticles, the threshold of this process is lowered in the nm‐scale vicinity of the metal structures. Upon cleavage, an amine functional group is released, which can be used to site‐selectively bind species with complementary chemical functionality on the surface. This method can be utilized for sub‐wavelength chemical structuring.
Homogeneous and Disordered Assembly of Densely Packed Nanocrystals
Authors: Oaki Yuya , Anzai Takeo , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA homogeneous and disordered assembly of densely packed nanocrystals is generated without the assistance of organic molecules, from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The densely packed nanocrystals of tin dioxide (SnO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2–3 nm in size, form glassy macroscopic transparent objects of 2–10 mm. The monodisperse nanocrystals, which have a surface hydrated layer and are synthesized in aqueous solution, are densely packed in an homogeneous and disordered assembly through the evaporation of water as the dispersion medium. The formation of transparent bulk objects on the macroscopic scale originates from the homogeneous and disordered nature of the densely packed nanocrystals. The resultant homogeneous architectures are distinguishable from the typical inhomogeneous and disordered aggregates of nanoparticles observed after evaporation of the dispersion medium. Among superstructures based on nanocrystals, such as superlattices and mesocrystals, the resultant homogeneous and disordered assembly can be regarded as a new class of solid‐state material.
CO2 reduction with Zn particles in a packed‐bed reactor
Authors: Loutzenhiser Peter G. , Barthel Frank , Stamatiou Anastasia , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA two‐step solar thermochemical cycle for splitting CO2 with Zn/ZnO redox reactions is considered, consisting of: (1) the endothermic dissociation of ZnO with concentrated solar radiation as the heat source and (2) the non‐solar, exothermic, reduction of CO2 to CO by oxidizing Zn to ZnO; the latter is recycled to the first step. The second step of the cycle is investigated using a packed‐bed reactor where micron‐sized Zn particles were immobilized in mixtures with submicron‐sized ZnO particles. Experimental runs were performed for Zn mass fractions in the range 67–100 wt % and CO2 concentration in the range 25–100%, yielding Zn‐to‐ZnO conversions up to 71% because of sintering prevention, as corroborated by SEM analysis. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Studies on electrochemical treatment of dairy wastewater using aluminum electrode
Authors: Prakash Kushwaha Jai , Chandra Srivastava Vimal , Deo Mall Indra 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study reports results of electrochemical treatment to the synthetic dairy wastewater using aluminum electrode. Response surface methodology with four factors and five level full factorial central composite design has been used to design the experiments. Four operational parameters, namely current density (J): 61.73–308.64 A/m2; dosage of sodium chloride (NaCl) (m): 0–2 g/l; electrolysis time (t): 10–90 min and initial pH (pHo): 5–11, have been taken as input parameters and percentage chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (Y1) and the specific energy consumed (kWh per Kg of COD removed, Y2) have been taken as responses of the system. Multiresponse optimization technique has been applied to find values of operational parameters which maximize the Y1 and simultaneously minimize Y2. The optimum values of operational parameters were found to be J = 123.46 A/m2, m = 2.0 g/l, t = 74 min, and pHo = 6.5. Optimum Y1 and Y2 were found to be 70.91% and 1.32 kWh/kg COD removed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011