bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoid Osteoma of the Great Toe
Authors: Hattori Hiroyuki , Takase Katsumi , Morohashi Akira 
Published: August 2011

Osteoid osteoma is a relatively common osteoblastic lesion of benign skeletal neoplasms and occurs most commonly in the cortex of long bones, especially the femur and the tibia. Radiological characteristics are a nidus that appears as a small, relatively radiolucent zone within an area of extensive reactive sclerosis. Clinically, the lesion presents with increasing pain, is worse at night, and is relived by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Osteoid osteomas involving the phalanges of the toes are uncommon, and its accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to the unique clinical and radiological features. The features in the phalanx of the toe are soft tissue swelling and a nidus frequently located in the cancellous without osteosclerosis.
This article presents a case of a 22-year-old man with osteoid osteoma in his distal phalanx of the hallux. A needle biopsy of his great toe revealed a small number of bacteria, so he was initially treated for osteomyelitis but with unsatisfactory results. The particular characteristics of clinical and imaging findings supported a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma in the distal phalanx of the hallux. After surgical removal of the tumor, his symptoms resolved. The pathological examination confirmed the suspected diagnosis.
In a patient with chronic foot pain that changes to become nocturnal and disappears with NSAID administration, it is important to include osteoid osteoma as a differential diagnosis. A detailed assessment of both clinical and radiological features can lead to the correct diagnosis, which must be confirmed with histopathological examination to ensure adequate excision.
Operative Technique for Single Incision Robot-Assisted Transaxillary Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Perrier Nancy D , Landry Christine S , Kwon David S , Grubbs Elizabeth G , Morris G Stephen , Lee Jeffrey E 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
During the past five years, transaxillary approaches to thyroid surgery have been introduced into surgical literature. These techniques were initially performed using traditional endoscopy, and most recently with a surgical robot. This manuscript describes our approach to robotassisted transaxillary surgery (RATS) for thyroidectomy using a single axillary incision. Because of the steep learning curve, this procedure is best implemented with a team approach. The ideal team consists of a console surgeon who operates the robot, a bedside surgeon who assists with retraction and troubleshoots robotic arm collisions and a circulating assistant who helps optimize the efficiency of the operation.
Inequality Measurement with Subgroup Decomposability and Level-Sensitivity
Authors: Subramanian Subbu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Subgroup Decomposability is a very useful property in an inequality measure, and level-sensitivity, which requires a given level of inequality to acquire a greater significance the poorer a population is, is a distributionally appealing axiom for an inequality index to satisfy. In this paper, which is largely in the nature of a recollection of important results on the characterization of subgroup decomposable inequality measures, the mutual compatibility of subgroup decomposability and level-sensitivity is examined, with specific reference to a classification of inequality measures into relative, absolute, centrist, and unit-consistent types. Arguably, the most appealing combination of properties for a symmetric, continuous, normalized, transfer-preferring and replication-invariant (S-C-N-T-R) inequality measure to satisfy is that of subgroup decomposability, centrism, unit-consistency and level-sensitivity. The existence of such an inequality index is (as far as this author is aware) yet to be established. However, it can be shown, as is done in this paper, that there does exist an S-C-NT- R measure satisfying the (plausibly) next-best combination of properties – those of decomposability, centrism, unit-consistency and level-neutrality.
Novel Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Supported Oxo‐Vanadium Schiff Base for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Verma Sanny , Nandi Mahasweta , Modak Arindam , Jain Suman L. , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNovel organic‐inorganic hybrid mesoporous materials containing diimine moieties inside the pore wall were used for the grafting of an oxo‐vanadium Schiff base complex at the mesopore surface. The prepared catalyst was found to be highly active and selective for the oxidation of a variety of primary, secondary and α‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds to the corresponding aldehydes, ketones and 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant under mild reaction conditions. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst could easily be recovered by simple filtration and could be reused several times without significant change in the catalytic efficiency. Importantly, the catalyst did not show any leaching during the reaction, confirming that the prepared catalyst was truly heterogeneous in nature.
The Growing Impact of Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Busacca Carl A. , Fandrick Daniel R. , Song Jinhua J. , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCatalysis has become increasingly important for the pharmaceutical industry. Catalysis is a critical technology that enables economical and environmentally‐sound manufacturing processes. The development of a viable catalytic process for industrial scales is a complex task that requires the collaboration of multiple disciplines. In this article, a number of selected, noteworthy industrial examples are discussed to showcase the catalytic technologies that have been successfully practiced on large scales for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis, involving transition metal catalysis, biocatalysis and organocatalysis. In addition, several examples of potential and future catalytic transformations are included which can be utilized in pharmaceutical industry in large‐scale operational settings.
The microcephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome
Authors: Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Paciorkowski Alex R. , Smyser Christopher D. , Willing Marcia C. , Lind Anne C. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on three children from two families with a new pattern recognition malformation syndrome consisting of severe congenital microcephaly (MIC), intractable epilepsy including infantile spasms, and generalized capillary malformations that was first reported recently in this journal [Carter et al. (2011); Am J Med Genet A 155: 301–306]. Two of our reported patients are an affected brother and sister, suggesting this is an autosomal recessive severe congenital MIC syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal age and prevalence of isolated congenital heart defects in an urban area of the United States
Authors: Miller Assia , Riehle‐Colarusso Tiffany , Siffel Csaba , Frías Jaime L. , Correa Adolfo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough maternal age has been associated with a number of birth defects in several reports, the literature on the association of maternal age with isolated congenital heart defect (CHD) phenotypes has been limited. We evaluated CHD prevalence based on a cohort of 5,289 infants and fetuses with isolated CHDs born during the period 1968–2005 and ascertained by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) among residents of five central counties in Atlanta. For our denominator, we obtained information on births to residents of the same counties from vital records (n = 1,301,143). We calculated prevalence ratios for 23 CHD phenotypes by several maternal age categories, using the group 25–29 years of age as a reference group. We used Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for maternal race, infant sex, and birth cohort. A maternal age of 35 years or older was associated with an increased prevalence for several CHD phenotypes: laterality defects (aPR = 2.06; CI 1.22–3.48), all conotruncal defects (aPR = 1.30; CI 1.03–1.65), and specifically for dextro‐transposition of the great arteries (aPR = 1.65; CI 1.10–2.48), coarctation of the aorta (aPR = 1.54; CI 1.10–2.16), ventricular septal defects (aPR = 1.20; CI 1.06–1.36), and atrial septal defects (aPR = 1.36; CI 1.05–1.77). Our findings suggest that the birth prevalence of specific isolated CHDs varies with maternal age. Further studies are warranted to corroborate these observations, taking into account potential confounding by known modifiable risk factors. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential teratogenic effects of allopurinol: A case report
Authors: Kozenko Mariya , Grynspan David , Oluyomi‐Obi Titi , Sitar Daniel , Elliott Alison M. , Chodirker Bernard N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on a case of a multiple congenital anomalies in a newborn infant whose mother was on allopurinol treatment through the pregnancy. The pattern of congenital anomalies that was noted in our patient was similar to the pattern described in a number of published reports following mycophenolate mofetil [CellCept®] treatment during pregnancy. The anomalies present in our patient include: diaphragmatic hernia, unilateral microtia and absence of external auditory canal, micrognathia, microphthalmia, optic nerve hypoplasia, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, unilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary agenesis, and cleft lip and palate. Since both allopurinol and mycophenolate mofetil act by disrupting purine biosynthesis and given the similarities in anomalies seen after prenatal exposure, we suggest that allopurinol should also be considered a teratogen. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are our Frontline Clinicians Equipped with the Ability and Confidence to Address Child Abuse and Neglect?
Authors: Raman Shanti , Holdgate Anna , Torrens Rebecca 
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have suggested that child abuse and neglect (CAN) is under recognised and under reported. Our aims were to examine and compare child protection (CP) knowledge, confidence and practice of frontline clinicians in general practice and hospital settings in South Western Sydney (SWS). We surveyed doctors and nurses in general practice and in the emergency department (ED) in a district in SWS using a validated questionnaire. Of the 113 responses, 62 were general practitioners (GPs), 9 practice nurses, 26 ED nurses and 16 ED doctors. The confidence level with identifying CAN was moderate, with a significant difference between groups. The majority (59%) had made previous CP reports, few suspected but decided not to report; reporting rates differed significantly. A majority (80%) reported some CP training; of the 22 with no training, 21 were GPs and practice nurses. Of those reporting some training, more than 70 per cent of ED nurses, GPs and practice nurses felt their training was inadequate, compared with 19 per cent of ED doctors. There are significant differences in confidence and practice between frontline clinicians in primary care and ED. Targeted CP training should be provided for all frontline clinicians with particular emphasis on primary care GPs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘We surveyed doctors and nurses in general practice and in the emergency department’‘There are significant differences in confidence and practice between front‐line clinicians in primary care and ED’
Two‐dimensional flow past circular cylinders using finite volume lattice Boltzmann formulation
Authors: Patil D. V. , Lakshmisha K. N. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this article, an extension to the total variation diminishing finite volume formulation of the lattice Boltzmann equation method on unstructured meshes was presented. The quadratic least squares procedure is used for the estimation of first‐order and second‐order spatial gradients of the particle distribution functions. The distribution functions were extrapolated quadratically to the virtual upwind node. The time integration was performed using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta procedure. A grid convergence study was performed in order to demonstrate the order of accuracy of the present scheme. The formulation was validated for the benchmark two‐dimensional, laminar, and unsteady flow past a single circular cylinder. These computations were then investigated for the low Mach number simulations. Further validation was performed for flow past two circular cylinders arranged in tandem and side‐by‐side. Results of these simulations were extensively compared with the previous numerical data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of β‐catenin signaling in chondrocytes induces delayed fracture healing in mice
Authors: Huang Yang , Zhang Xiaoling , Du Kewei , Yang Fei , Shi Yu , Huang Jingang , Tang Tingting , Chen Di , Dai Kerong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAppropriate and controlled chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification play fundamental roles in the fracture healing cascade, a regenerative process involved in highly coordinated biological events, including the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. To examine the role and importance of this pathway in chondrocytes, we studied bone repair of closed tibias fractures in Col2a1‐ICAT transgenic mice, in which the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is specially inhibited in chondrocytes. Radiological, histological, and histomorphometric analyses at 7, 9, 12, 14, 21, and 28 days after fracture demonstrated the bone repairs were retarded in Col2a1‐ICAT transgenic mice, due to reduced and delayed cartilage formation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, and bone generation. In addition, at 5 weeks, Col2a1‐ICAT transgenic mice exhibited a weak mechanical tolerance to four‐point bending. Furthermore, quantitative‐PCR analysis revealed that the expression of genes associated specifically with cartilage extracellular matrix formation (collagen II, collagen X, and mmp13), bone remodeling (alp, collagen I, and osteocalcin), and vascular extravagation (vegf), and transcriptional activators involved in cartilage generation and ossification (sox9 and runx2) was decreased and delayed in the fracture sites of Col2a1‐ICAT transgenic mice during healing. Collectively, these results suggest that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is critical for fracture healing, especially with respect to chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Thus, our study provides insight into the possible mechanisms of and therapeutic targets for improving normal facture repair and the healing of non‐union fractures. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:304–310, 2012
13C shielding scale for MAS NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Jackowski Karol , Makulski Włodzimierz 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe have performed the direct measurements of 13C magnetic shielding for pure liquid TMS, solution of 1% TMS in CDCl3 and solid fullerene. The measurements were carried out in spherical ampoules exploring the relation between the resonance frequencies, shielding constants and magnetic moments of 13C and 3He nuclei. Next the 13C shielding constants of glycine, hexamethylbenzene and adamantane were established on the basis of appropriate chemical shifts measured in the solid state. All the new results are free from susceptibility effects and can be recommended as the reference standards of 13C shielding scale in the magic angle spinning NMR experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal properties of hyperbranched polyborate functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine composites
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Wang Biao , Jing Xinli 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUsing a noncovalent functionalization strategy, hyperbranched polyborate (HBb) acts as a solubilizer for carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and a stable HBb‐CNT dispersion in N‐methyl‐pyrrolidone was produced. The thermal properties of the resulting HBb‐CNT/polybenzoxazine (B‐BOZ) composites and their carbonized structures were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the fracture surface of HBb‐CNT/B‐BOZ composites was rather rough and plenty of plastic deformation was exhibited. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates an improvement in the thermal stability of the composite with CNTs, especially that of 2.0 wt% CNT modified composite. The increase in the thermal stability is due to the good nanotube dispersion and the effective polymer‐CNT interaction. Graphite‐like boron carbonitride ceramic compounds were found after the composites were carbonized at 1,100°C for 2 h, and there was more B‐C, B‐N, and C‐N bonds in the carbonized HBb‐CNT/B‐BOZ composite than that of HBb/B‐BOZ composite. The result implied that CNTs can promote the ceramic process of HBb/B‐BOZ composite, and the strategy of introducing ceramic precursor into polymer composites may be useful to improve their ablation properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Pre‐test Genetic Counseling for Deaf Adults on Knowledge of Genetic Testing
Authors: Baldwin Erin E. , Boudreault Patrick , Fox Michelle , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Palmer Christina G. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEmpirical data on genetic counseling outcomes in the deaf population are needed to better serve this population. This study was an examination of genetics knowledge before and after culturally and linguistically appropriate pre‐test genetic counseling in a diverse deaf adult sample. Individuals ≥18 years old with early‐onset sensorineural deafness were offered connexin‐26/30 testing and genetic counseling. Participants completed questionnaires containing 10 genetics knowledge items at baseline and following pre‐test genetic counseling. The effects of genetic counseling, prior beliefs about etiology, and participant's preferred language on genetics knowledge scores were assessed (n = 244). Pre‐test genetic counseling (p = .0007), language (p < .0001), prior beliefs (p < .0001), and the interaction between counseling and beliefs (p = .035) were predictors of genetics knowledge. American Sign Language (ASL)‐users and participants with “non‐genetic/unknown” prior beliefs had lower knowledge scores than English‐users and participants with “genetic” prior beliefs, respectively. Genetics knowledge improved after genetic counseling regardless of participants’ language; knowledge change was greater for the “non‐genetic/unknown” beliefs group than the “genetic” beliefs group. ASL‐users’ lower knowledge scores are consistent with evidence that ethnic and cultural minority groups have less genetics knowledge, perhaps from exposure and access disparities. Culturally and linguistically appropriate pre‐test genetic counseling significantly improved deaf individuals’ genetics knowledge. Assessing deaf individuals’ prior beliefs is important for enhancing genetics knowledge.
Enzymatic Interesterification of Palm Oil and Fractions: Monitoring the Degree of Interesterification using Different Methods
Authors: De Clercq Nathalie , Danthine Sabine , Nguyen Mai Tuyet , Gibon Veronique , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInteresterification is an important modification technique for fats and oils resulting in the redistribution of the fatty acids among the glycerol backbone and thus changing the physico‐chemical properties of the modified fat. In this study palm oil, palm olein and soft palm mid fraction (PMF) were subjected to both enzymatic (batchwise) and chemical interesterification. The reaction products were characterized before, during and after interesterification by HPLC, pulsed NMR (p‐NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Interesterification led to more uniform triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions with smaller differences in final physico‐chemical properties between the studied substrates. The degree of interesterification was evaluated on the basis of TAG composition and solid fat content (SFC). Significant differences between both methods were observed. The degree of interesterification based on SFC is therefore a better tool to evaluate the rate constant of the reaction as the TAG composition method does not take into consideration the formation of positional isomers at the end of the enzymatic process.
The Structure and Genesis of Copland'sQuiet City
Authors: KLEPPINGER STANLEY V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAaron Copland'sQuiet City(1940), a one-movement work for trumpet, cor anglais, and strings, derives from incidental music the composer wrote for an unsuccessful and now forgotten Irwin Shaw play. This essay explores in detail the pitch structure of the concert work, suggesting dramatic parallels between the music and Shaw's play.The opening of the piece hinges on an anhemitonic pentatonic collection, which becomes the source of significant pitch centres for the whole composition, in that the most prominent pitch classes of each section, when taken together, replicate the collection governing the music's first and last bars. Both this principle and the exceptions to it suggest a correspondence to the internal struggles of Shaw's protagonist, Gabriel Mellon.In addition,Quiet Cityoffers a distinctive opportunity to observe the composer's assembly of a unified tonal structure. Sketch study makes it possible to observe the composer altering his original material in ways that reinforce tonal connections across the span of the piece.
A Variant of the Il2ra / Cd25 Gene Predisposing to Graves’ Disease is Associated with Increased Levels of Soluble Interleukin‐2 Receptor
Authors: Chistiakov D. A. , Chistiakova E. I. , Voronova N. V. , Turakulov R. I. , Savost’anov K. V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlpha‐subunit of the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2Rα) encoded by the IL2RA/CD25 gene binds IL‐2 that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of T cell function. Levels of a soluble form of IL‐2Rα (sIL‐2Rα) lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains were shown to be increased in several autoimmune diseases including Graves’ disease (GD). Recent studies showed association between the IL2RA/CD25 gene variants and several autoimmune diseases including GD. In this study, we analyzed whether polymorphic markers rs2104286, rs41295061, and rs11594656 located at the IL2RA/CD25 locus confer susceptibility to GD and are related to increased concentrations of sIL‐2Rα. A total of 1474 Russian GD patients and 1609 control subjects were genotyped for rs2104286, rs41295061, and rs11594656 using a Taqman assay. Concentrations of sIL‐2Rα in sera of affected and non‐affected individuals were measured using an ELISA test. A minor allele A of rs41295061 showed significant association with increased risk of GD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, Pc = 0.00102]. The allele A of rs41295061 and allele A of rs11594656 constitute a higher risk haplotype AA (OR = 1.47, Pc = 0.0477). Compared to carriers of the protective haplogenotype GT/GT, the carriage of two copies of the haplogenotype AA/AA was associated with elevated levels of sIL‐2Rα in both GD patients (AA/AA versus GT/GT: 1.35 ± 0.47 ng/ml versus 1.12 ± 0.45 ng/ml, P = 0.0065) and healthy controls (AA/AA versus GT/GT: 0.67 ± 0.28 ng/ml versus 0.51 ± 0.33 ng/ml, P = 0.0098). This is the first report presenting correlation between the carriage of disease‐associated variants of IL2RA/CD25 with increased levels of sIL‐2Rα in GD.