bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical studies on Raillietina (Raillietina) johri (Cestoda: Davaineidae). I. Nonspecific and specific phosphatases
Authors: Roy T. K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTCertain phosphatases have been localized by histochemical techniques in various tissues of a pigeon cestode, Raillietina (Raillietina) johri. Acid phosphatase (AcPase), alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were present in almost all structures: tegument; subtegumental muscles; subtegumental cells; excretory canal; tsetes; sperm ductules; vas deferens; cirrus sac; cirrus; ovary; receptaculum seminis; vagina; vitelline gland cells; oocytes; uterus; embryonated eggs. AlPase was absent in parenchyma, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. AlPase activity was more intense in the tegument of mature gravid proglottides. AcPase and ATPase were visualized in various stages of spermatogenesis of the parasite. ATPase activity was also observed in chromosomes. 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) activity was restricted to embryonated eggs only. Functional significance of these phosphatases is discussed.
Immuno-enzymatic assay for the detection ofSchistosoma mansoniantigens in serum of mice harbouring bisexual or unisexual light worm infections
Authors: Ferreira A. W. , Caldini A. L. M. , Hoshino-Shimizu S. , Camargo M. E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) double antibody technique was standardized for detectingS. mansoniPolysaccharide and protein antigens in serum of infected mice. Anti-sera specific for either worm components were obtained in sheep and peroxidase conjugates prepared from each serum. The immunoenzimatic test for protein could detect as little as 6μg/ml antigens, and the test for polysaccharides 3 μg/ml.Both bisexual and unisexual male worm low infections were produced, and studied for as long as 27 weeks post-exposure. Worm components were found in serum from both types of infections and in progressively higher percentages of animals until the end of the 27 weeks observations period. For unisexual male infections this percentage reached from about 50% to 60% of mice, and 100% for bisexual infections. Significantly higher antigen concentrations in serum were found at 27 weeks for bisexual infections, no antigen increase being detected in relation to starting egg secretion, which occurred at 5 week infections.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Terranova
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThree species in the genus Terranova occurring in reptiles are redescribed and differentiated: (1) Terranova lanceolata (Molin 1860) new combination, [=Terranova braziliensis (Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1937) Hartwich, 1957] from Melanosuchus niger in Brazil; (2) Terranova crocodili (Taylor 1924) from crocodiles in West Africa and Malaya and from Crocodylus porosus and C. johnstoni in Australia: (3) Terranova caballeroi Barus and Coy Otero, 1966 from colubrine snakes in Louisiana and Florida, U.S.A. and Cuba. The distribution and affinities of these species is discussed. Ascaris quadrata Linstow, 1904 is regarded as a species dubium incertae sedis.
The serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: 2. Additional studies on selected sera using indirect haemagglutination (IHA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS)
Authors: Matossian R. M. , McLaren Moira L. , Draper C. C. , Bradstreet C. M. Patricia , Dighero Mabel W. , Kane G. J. , Mackinlay L. M. , Rickard M. D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSixty-one serum samples selected on the basis of reactivity in the complement fixation (CF) and latex agglutination (LA) test, were further examined for sensitivity and specificity by indirect haemagglutination (IHA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS). Twenty sera from healthy Europeans and 48 samples from patients with either schistosomiasis or trichinosis were also tested. Comparable levels of sensitivity were found between the CF and LA positive sera and IHA, ELISA and DASS. Of the CF positive LA negative group of sera, many were positive by DASS but only a few reacted in IHA and ELISA. Some cross reactivity was also observed in the schistosomiasis sera tested by IHA and ELISA.
Antigenic components of Taenia saginata and their relevance to the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis by immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Geerts S. , Kumar V. , Aerts N. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT22 antigenic components of Taenia saginata proglottides were detected by immunoelectrophoretic (IEP) study. Cross-absorption of the Hyperimmune serum, raised in rabbits against T. saginata, with heterologous and host antigens showed that two thirds of these components were not specific for the cestode. Among the calves experimentally infected with T. saginata eggs, 3 precipitation patterns in IEP were identified depending on the evolutionary stage of the infection. The hydrosoluable extract of T. Saginata was used as antigen. A short precipitating arc present near the antigen well and appearing 3 to 4 weeks post-infection of the calves and a long precipitating arc extending towards the anodic end of the slide and appearing in later stages of infection were found of high diagnostic value. No false-positive reaction or cross-reaction were found. Among the calves harbouring less than 50 cysticerci, false-negative reactions were seen.
Studies of the relationship betweenSchistosomaand their intermediate hosts. III. The genusBiomphalariaandSchistosoma mansonifrom Egypt, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, West Indies (St. Lucia) and Zaire (two different strains: Katanga and Kinshasa)
Authors: Frandsen Flemming 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe compatibility between strains ofSchistosoma mansonifrom Egypt, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, the West Indies, and Zaire (two strains which came from Katanga and from Kinshasa), and various species and strains ofBiomphalaria, i.e.,Biomphalaria pfeifferi, B. alexandrina, B. glabrataandB. camerunensiswas investigated. Data as mortality, rate of infection of the surviving snails, duration of infection, cercarial production per day per positive snail, etc., were observed. The main emphasis was placed on determining the total cercarial production per 100 exposed snails for each snail population.It was possible to infect all the tested populations ofB. pfeifferiwith the various strains ofS. mansoni, but the observation as e.g. TCP/100 exposed snails varied greatly according to the population of snail and the strain ofS. mansoni. The results for the remaining species ofBiomphalariavaried greatly, depending on the combination, e.g.B. alexandrinawas only susceptible to the localS. mansonifrom Egypt.The highest TCP/100 exposed snails was more than 1 million for the strains ofS. mansonifrom Egypt, Kenya and the West Indies inB. alexandrina, B. pfeifferiandB. glabrata, respectively. The next group, with a TCP/100 exposed snails on 7 – 800 000 consists ofS. mansonifrom Sudan, Uganda and Zaire (Katanga) all inB. pfeifferi. The last tested strain ofS. mansoni, Zaire (Kinshasa) yielded a cercarial production on 500 000 per 100 exposed snails inB. pfeifferiandB. camerunensis.The shortest prepatent period, 19 days, was observed forS. mansonifrom Kinshasa, Zaire, inB. camerunensis, and the longest prepatent period, 25 days, was found for strains from Egypt and from the West Indies inB. alexandrinaandB. glabrata, respectively.In general, a very long duration of infection, lasting up to 200 days, was observed.
Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance againstSchistosoma mansoniin the mouse. V. Reduction in the degree of resistance to reinfection after chemotherapeutic elimination of recently patent primary infections
Authors: Doenhoff M. , Bickle Q. , Bain J. , Webbe G. , Nelson G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTEffective treatment of mice with six to eight week-old patentS. mansoniinfections with any one of five schistosomicidal agents (Oxamniquine, Praziquantel, potassium antimony tartrate, Niridazole and Hycanthone) resulted in a reduction in the degree of resistance to homologous challenge in the treated animals when compared with the level of resistance to reinfection observed in untreated mice with intact primary infections. Mice challenged five to six weeks after treatment with Praziquantel, Niridazole or Hycanthone demonstrated a lower level of resistance than mice challenged within 10 days of the termination of the chemotherapeutic schedules. Direct comparison of Praziquantel with potassium antimony tartrate indicated that treatment with the former drug allowed retention of a greater level of acquired resistance than the antimonial in the immediate post-treatment period. Resistance to reinfection in Hycanthone-treated mice was not restored by intravenous injection ofS. mansonieggs before challenge.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Angusticaecum and Krefftascaris n.g.
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAscaridoid nematodes reported from terrestrial and freshwater chelonians are described under two monotypic genera, Angusticaecum and a new genus Krefftascaris respectively. The former genus contain A. holopterum (Rodolphi, 1819) Baylis, 1920 [synonym A. brevispiculum Chapin, 1924], reported in the natural state from testudinid and emydid tortoises in Europe, U.S.S.R., Iran, Brazil and North Africa. Teh latter genus contains a new species, K. parmenteri, reported from chelid freshwater turtles in Eastern Australia. It is concluded that the former is most closely related to species in other genera in terrestrial reptiles, whereas the latter is closest to Gedoelstascaris spp. in crocodilians. Host-parasite relationships over evolutionary time between ascaridoids and chelonians are discussed.
Abnormal development of Hymenolepis nana larvae in immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Lucas S. B. , Hassounah O. , Muller R. , Doenhoff M. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTObservations on the course of Hymenolepis nana infection in immunosuppressed mice are presented. Treatment of the host with hydrocortisone acetate caused superinfection of the bowel with worms and the development of normal cysticercoids in the mesenteric lymph node and liver. Natural infection of mice deprived of their T-cells by pre-adult thymectomy and administration of antithymocyte serum resulted in superinfection and widespread metastasis of aberrant cysticercoids that were greatly enlarged and without scolices, causing death after about five months. The significance of these findings and their possible relevance to human infection with H. nana are discussed.
A new aspidogastrid trematodeLobatostoma hanumanthain.sp. from a marine fish in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Narasimhulu S. V. , Madhavi R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLobatostoma hanumanthain.sp. is described from the intestine of the carangidTrachinotus blochifrom Bay of Bengal. It anatomical characters are compared with previously described species in the genus. This is the first record of an aspidogastrean from marine fishes of the Indian region.
Five new species of the genusSpirocamallanusOlsen, 1952 (Camallanidae, Nematoda) from marine fishes
Authors: Bashirullah A. K. M. , Williams E. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpirocamallanus papillicaudatusn. sp. fromPomadactylus oligodon, S. partitusn.sp. fromPomacentrus partitus, S. spinicaudatusn. sp. fromHolocentrus marinusandS. garnotusn.sp. fromHalichoeres garnotiare described from marine fishes of Puerto Rico which is recorded as a new geographical locality for the genusSpirocamallanus. S. plumierusn.sp. is described from a marine fish,Diapterus plumieri, of the Golfo de Cariaco, Cumana, Venezuela. These new species are distinguished from the known species mainly on the basis of number and arrangement of caudal papillae and different body measurements.
Schizorchis arfaai sp. n. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the wood-mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, in caspian area of Iran
Authors: Mobedi I. , Ghadirian E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSchizorchis arfaai sp. n. is described from the wood-mouse in the Caspian area of Iran and its morphological characteristics compared with those of the five previously known species of Schizorchis Hansen, 1948.
The comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis with indirect haemagglutination test for detection of antibodies in experimentally infected guinea pigs withToxocara canis
Authors: Enayat Mohammad S. , Pezeshki Mohammad 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe humoral response of guinea pigs infected with doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 infectiveToxocara canisova were measured by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect haemmagglutination tests one to five weeks after infection. The antigens used in these measurements were prepared from adultT. canis. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis showed lower titres than haemagglutination method, but it was performed rapidly and with case. The possible use of these techniques for immunodiagnosis of human visceral larval migrans is discussed.
The occurrence of Sphaerostoma bramae (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in the roach from the Worcester-Birmingham canal
Authors: Evans N. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTwo hundred roach (Rutilus rutilus) were examined over a twelve-month period to provide information concerning the occurrence of Sphaerostoma bramae. Infection levels were high during the autumn and winter and at this time of year the parasite population was composed almost exclusively of immature parasites. Maturation was rapid in the spring but was accompanied by a decrease in the infection level. In late summer, after egg-laying, losses due to the death of spent parasites began to be replaced by the recruitment of immature parasites and this recruitment reached its peak in the autumn and winter. The annual cycle of occurrence and maturation is discussed in relation to fluctuating environmental variables and the feeding behaviour of the roach.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Dujardinascaris
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFrom the known species occurring in crocodilians, the genus Dujardinascaris is redefined and found to be a homogenous group of species, with dujardini Travassos, 1920 as the type species. The following new species are described and added to the genus: gedoelsti, puylaerti, waltoni, mawsonae and taylorae. The following species are excluded from the genus: vandenbrandeni, australiensis, tasmani, alata and antipini. The distribution of the species in Dujardinascaris is as follows: in African crocodiles—dujardini, madagascariensis, gedoelsti, and puylaerti; in South American caimans—longispicula, paulista, and chabaudi (possibly a synonym of paulista); in North American alligator–waltoni; in Crocodylus acutus—helicina; in the Indian gavial—woodlandi; in crocodiles in Papua New Guinea and Australia—mawsonae and taylorae.These species are differentiated mainly by the relative length of the spicules and the form of the guber naculum in the males and by the relative length of the vagina and the form of the vulva in the females.
Strongyloides ratti: 1. Parasitological observations on primary and secondary infections in the small intestine of rats
Authors: Moqbel R. , Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAdult Strongyloides ratti were expelled from the small intestine of rats starting 14—18 days after a primary infection. In a secondary infection very few adult worms developed and most of these were expelled before day 14. At the time of expulsion the worms migrated posteriorly in the intestine and their size decreased.
Comparison of glycolytic, pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylate shunt, Krebs' cycle enzymes in Ganeo tigrinum parasitizing hibernating and non-hibernating Rana cyanophlyctis and R. tigrina
Authors: Sharma P. N. , Mandawat Sushila 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe histochemical site and distribution of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP Rylase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (key enzymes of glycolysis), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) (pentose phosphate shunt enzymes), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KDH) (key enzymes of Krebs' cycle), malate synthetase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (IL) (enzymes of glyoxylate shunt) in various tissues of Ganeo tigrinum from hibernating and non-hibernating Rana cyanophlyctis and R. tigrina were studied. Differences in their intensities were revealed. Weak activity of GP Rylase and strong activity of hexokinase in flukes from non-hibernating hosts indicates that they utilize glucose through glycolysis for energy turnover. Intense GP Rylase and weak hexokinase activity in worms from hibernating hosts indicates the utilization of glycogen. Strong activity of IDH, SDH, MDH, α-KGD, MS and IL was demonstrable in the tissues of flukes from non-hibernating hosts, suggesting that Krebs' cycle and glyoxylate shunt, respectively, were operating. Tissues of the fluke from hibernating hosts, on the other hand, displayed positive activity only for SDH and MDH; no activity for MS and IL, the enzymes of glyoxylate shunt, was observed, The activity of the above enzymes was found to be relatively low in worms from hibernating hosts.
Retinol deficiency and Dipetalonema viteae infection in the hamster
Authors: Stürchler D. , Hanck A. , Weiser H. , Manz U. , Weiss N. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFollowing chronic retinol (vitamin A) deprivation leading to exhaustion of liver vitamin A reserves below 50 I.U. per liver hamsters were fed diets either deficient in (“Rd”: 250 I.U.A/kg in experiment I, 1000 I.U.A/kg in experiment II) or enriched with retinol (“Rw”: 10000 I.U.A/kg in experiment I and II). After 4 weeks some of the animals (36 in experiment I, 30 in II) were infected with 150 3rd-stage larvae of D. viteae, while clean animals were kept as controls. The retinol status, the immune response (indirect fluorescent antibody test: IFAT) and parasitological parameters were examined up to 8 (experiment I) and 12 weeks (experiment II) post infection (p.i.). Rd hamsters had levelling off of weight gain or weight loss, severely deficient retinol levels in serum and liver, and high mortality. Weight gain was less in infected than in uninfected hamsters, and the capacity of infected Rw animals to restore liver retinol was significantly lower than that of uninfected Rw animals. IFAT titres were similar in Rd and in Rw animals, but microfilaraemia was significantly enhanced at 8 and 10·5 weeks p.i. in Rd hamsters. While the number of worms recovered from Rd and Rw hamsters was similar, there was a significant increase in the ratio of female to male worms in Rd hamsters. Rd hamsters in experiment I produced 3·3 times the worm mass per 100 g body-weight than Rw hamsters. Also, the average mass per female worm was significantly higher in Rd than in Rw hamsters, and this parameter was negatively correlated with the liver retinol concentration in experiment I (r=−0·89). Retinol deficiency has a marked effect on growth and fertility of D. viteae in hamsters.
Observations on the life-cycle and larvel morphogenesis of Cooperia fuelleborni (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) parasitic in impala, Aepyceros melampus
Authors: Anderson Irmgard G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe previously unknown life-cycle of Cooperia fuelleborni, parasitic in impala, is described. The morphology of the developmental stages are compared to those of other Cooperia spp. The similarity between C. fuelleborni and C. curticei is discussed as well as the differences between those two species. The morphological studies showed that C. fuelleborni is closely related to C. curticei of sheep, but also has some affinity with the cattle parasite C. punctata and C. oncophora.
Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Tambool, Sudan
Authors: Saad M. B. , Magzoub M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIn the Tambool area (Central eastern Sudan) a survey was made of the infection rate of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. From the total of 49 dogs shot by the police authority, 25 (51%) had E. granulosus in their intestines. The range of worm recovery was 7 to 28,400. These high infection and recovery rates could be explained by the rate of infection in the intermediate host (camel) slaughtered in the area.
Scanning electron microscopy of the tegumental surface of adultHaplorchis pumilio(Looss)
Authors: Srisawangwonk Tuanchai , Kanla Pipatpong , Tesana Smarn , Arunyanart Channarong 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe surface structure of adultHaplorchis pumiliofrom experimentally infected hamsters was studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy. Almost the entire surface of the worm was covered with scale-like spines regularly arranged in transverse rows. Most spines were pectinate. The size of the spines and the number of the teeth in each individual were largest in the spines around the middle region of the worm. The area surrounding the excretory pore was free of spines displaying a slightly wrinkled appearance. Many ciliated papillae were present on the anterior two-thirds of the body. The papillae on the oral sucker were more abundant than those elsewhere. The body papillae were distributed in a bilaterally symmetrical arrangement, appearing in groups, pairs or singly between the spines.
Schistosoma mansoni: Influence of immunization and challenge schedules on the sites and mechanisms of resistance in CBA/Ca mice vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae
Authors: Elsaghier A. A. F. , McLaren Diane J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThese studies address current controversies over the site(s) of challenge attrition in the murine irradiated vaccine model of immunity toSchistosoma mansoni. Two possibilities have been investigated. Firstly, that the site of death of the radiation-attenuated schistosomes used to vaccinate the mice may vary in different laboratories and secondly, that the skin sites selected for presentation of the immunizing and challenge parasites may influence the final site at which immunity is effected (i.e. ear/abdomen vs tail/tail). The migration of radiolabelled cercariae exposed to 0, 20 or 50 krad of gamma irradiation from the NIMR60Cobalt source was examined in CBA/Ca mice by squashed organ autoradiography. Unirradiated parasites all migrated from the skin to the lungs, and 65% moved on to the liver. Migration of parasites attenuated by exposure to 20 krad of gamma irradiation was delayed, but 76% finally reached the lungs; only 1% was recruited to the liver. The majority of 50 krad attenuated parasites died in the skin, with only 4% accomplishing migration to the pulmonary vasculature. The major site of death (and by implication of antigenic stimulation) of the 20 krad attenuated NIMR strainS. mansoniused routinely for vaccination purposes in our laboratory, is thus the lungs, a finding that does not explain the fact that immunity is mediated primarily in the skin in our model system. Site elimination experiments and squashed organ autoradiography showed conclusively that, irrespective of the skin sites chosen for presentation of the immunizing and challenge population of worms, NIMR challenge parasites are killed predominantly in the skin of vaccinated CBA/Ca mice. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative histological examination of the challenged tail skin of vaccinated mice revealed that inflammatory reactions comprising mononuclear cells and eosinophils develop in this site and function to trap and eliminate challenge larvae, despite a reported reduction in antigen presenting cells in this region.