bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar‐Chiral Thioureas as Hydrogen‐Bond Catalysts
Authors: Schneider Jakob F. , Falk Florian C. , Fröhlich Roland , Paradies Jan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the first enantiopure planar‐chiral thiourea catalysts is herewith described. New catalysts 1–3 were applied in asymmetric transformations, such as the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole, as well as in the transfer hydrogenation of nitroolefins. Bifunctional catalysts 2 and 3 exhibit enhanced activity in the investigated reactions, demonstrating their potential for organic synthesis.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of meso‐5,10,15‐Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole; Synthesis of ABC‐Type Corroles and Corrole‐Based Organogels
Authors: Hori Takaaki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNucleophilic substitution reactions of 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (1) with amines were examined as a post‐modification route to functional corroles. Reaction of 1 with an excess of amine nucleophiles led to exclusive formation of 5,10,15‐tris(4‐amino‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorophenyl)‐substituted corroles. In this nucleophilic reaction, 5‐ and 15‐pentafluorophenyl substituents were found to be more reactive than the substituent at the 10‐position. This substitution reaction was applied for the preparation of ABC‐type corroles and corrole‐based organogels. The latter exhibited a blue‐shifted Soret band and small fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents due to the formation of H‐type aggregates.
MHD flow and heat transfer over permeable stretching sheet with slip conditions
Authors: Hayat T. , Qasim M. , Mesloub S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer characteristics for the boundary layer flow over a permeable stretching sheet are considered. Velocity and thermal slip conditions are taken into account. Problem formulation is developed in the presence of thermal radiation. Governing non‐linear problem is solved by a homotopy analysis method. Convergence of the derived solutions is studied. Numerical values of skin‐friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are tabulated. Effects of pertinent parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are discussed. Comparison between the present and previous limiting results is shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates
Authors: Wang H. , Turner J. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA bipolar plate is one of the most important components in a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and has multiple functions. Metallic bipolar plate candidates have advantages over composite rivals in excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, high chemical stability, very wide alloy choices, low cost and, most importantly, existing pathways for high‐volume, high‐speed mass production. The challenges with metallic bipolar plates are the higher contact resistance and possible corrosion products, which may contaminate the membrane electrode assembly. This review evaluates the candidate metallic and coating materials for bipolar plates and gives the perspective of the research trends.
Overexpression of dicer as a result of reduced let‐7 MicroRNA levels contributes to increased cell proliferation of oral cancer cells
Authors: Jakymiw Andrew , Patel Rushi S. , Deming Natasha , Bhattacharyya Indraneel , Shah Priya , Lamont Richard J. , Stewart Carol M. , Cohen Donald M. , Chan Edward K. L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent reports have demonstrated that Dicer, an RNase III endonuclease required for microRNA (miRNA) maturation, is aberrantly expressed in different types of cancer. Furthermore, Dicer has been reported to be regulated by the let‐7 family of miRNA genes. We hypothesize that Dicer is aberrantly expressed in oral cancer cells due to altered expressions of let‐7 and that Dicer contributes to the development and progression of the disease. Western blot examination of Dicer protein levels in four head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, including two oral cancer cell lines, demonstrated that Dicer had between 4‐ and 24‐fold higher expression levels when compared to normal human primary gingival epithelial cells. Furthermore, five of six oral cancer tissues analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence had increased Dicer protein expression, compared to normal gingival epithelial tissue. The Dicer mRNA levels were not found to correlate well with protein expression in the HNSCC cell lines, suggesting that Dicer protein expression was post‐transcriptionally regulated. Analysis of let‐7a and let‐7b levels in HNSCC cell lines by real‐time PCR demonstrated that let‐7b, but not let‐7a, was significantly reduced in the HNSCC cell lines compared to control cells. Lastly, transfection of oral cancer cells with chemically synthesized let‐7b and small interfering RNAs targeting Dicer significantly inhibited cell proliferation up to 83% and >100%, respectively, as early as 3 days post‐transfection. Together, these data demonstrate that elevated expression levels of Dicer in oral cancer cells correlate with downregulation of let‐7b and increased cell proliferation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization by array comparative genomic hybridization and DNA sequencing of 194 desmoid tumors
Authors: Salas Sébastien , Chibon Frederic , Noguchi Tetsuro , Terrier Philippe , Ranchere‐Vince Dominique , Lagarde Pauline , Benard Jean , Forget Sébastien , Blanchard Camille , Dômont Julien , Bonvalot Sylvie , Guillou Louis , Leroux Agnès , Mechine‐Neuville Agnes , Schöffski Patrick , Laë Marik , Collin Françoise , Verola Olivier , Carbonnelle Amelie , Vescovo Laure , Bui Binh , Brouste Véronique , Sobol Hagay , Aurias Alain , Coindre Jean‐Michel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDesmoid tumors are fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferations. Previous studies reported that CTNNB1 mutations were detected in 84% and that mutations of the APC gene were found in several cases of sporadic desmoid tumors lacking CTNNB1 mutations. Forty tumors were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a nonrandom occurrence of trisomy 8 associated with an increased risk of recurrence. We report the first molecular characterization including a large series of patients. We performed array CGH on frozen samples of 194 tumors, and we screened for APC mutations in patients without CNNTB1 mutation. A high frequency of genomically normal tumors was observed. Four relevant and recurrent alterations (loss of 6q, loss of 5q, gain of 20q, and gain of Chromosome 8) were found in 40 out of 46 tumors with chromosomal changes. Gain of Chromosomes 8 and 20 was not associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Cases with loss of 5q had a minimal common region in 5q22.5 including the APC locus. Alterations of APC, including loss of the entire locus, and CTNNB1 mutation could explain the tumorigenesis in 89% of sporadic desmoids tumors and desmoids tumors occurring in the context of Gardner's syndrome. A better understanding of the pathogenetic pathways in the initiation and progression of desmoid tumors requires studies of 8q and 20q gains, as well as of 6q and 5q losses, and study of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
19q13 amplification is associated with high grade and stage in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kuuselo Riina , Simon Ronald , Karhu Ritva , Tennstedt Pierre , Marx Andreas H. , Izbicki Jakob R. , Yekebas Emre , Sauter Guido , Kallioniemi Anne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis, and thus, there is a great need for better diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The 19q13 chromosomal locus is amplified in several cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, but the possible clinical significance of this aberration remains unclear. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays containing 357 primary pancreatic tumors, 151 metastases, and 24 local recurrences as well as 120 cancer cell lines from various tissues to establish the frequency of the 19q13 amplification and to find potential correlations to clinical parameters including patient survival. Copy number increases were found in 12.2% of the primary pancreatic tumors and 9.3% of the cell lines, including those derived from bladder, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid carcinomas. Copy number changes were linked to high grade (P = 0.044) and stage (P = 0.025) tumors, and the average survival time of patients with 19q13 amplification was shorter than that of those without this aberration. Our findings revealed recurrent 19q13 amplification in pancreatic cancer and involvement of the same locus as in bladder, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid carcinomas. More importantly, the 19q13 amplifications were associated with poor tumor phenotype and showed a trend toward shorter survival. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A medial temporal lobe division of labor: Insights from memory in aging and early Alzheimer disease
Authors: Wolk David A. , Dunfee Kathryn L. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Aizenstein Howard J. , DeKosky Steven T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDual process theories of recognition memory posit that recollection and familiarity represent dissociable processes. Animal studies and human functional imaging experiments support an anatomic dissociation of these processes in the medial temporal lobes (MTL). By this hypothesis, recollection may be dependent on the hippocampus, while familiarity appears to rely on extrahippocampal MTL (ehMTL) structures, particularly perirhinal and lateral entorhinal cortices. Despite these findings, the dual process model and these anatomic mappings remain controversial, in part because the study of patients with lesions to the MTL has been limited and has revealed predominantly single dissociations. We examined measures of recollection and familiarity in three groups (normal older adults, amnesic‐mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease) in which these memory measures and the relative integrity of MTL structures are variable, thus enhancing our power to detect MTL‐memory relationships. Recollection and familiarity and volumes of hippocampus and ehMTL, defined as a region including entorhinal/perirhinal cortices and parahippocampus, were measured. Regression analyses revealed a stronger relationship of recollection with the hippocampus compared to ehMTL, while familiarity was more highly related to ehMTL compared to hippocampus. These results are consistent with a division of labor in the MTL and the dual process model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water maze experience and prenatal choline supplementation differentially promote long‐term hippocampal recovery from seizures in adulthood
Authors: Wong‐Goodrich Sarah J.E. , Glenn Melissa J. , Mellott Tiffany J. , Liu Yi B. , Blusztajn Jan K. , Williams Christina L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) in adulthood dramatically alters the hippocampus and produces spatial learning and memory deficits. Some factors, like environmental enrichment and exercise, may promote functional recovery from SE. Prenatal choline supplementation (SUP) also protects against spatial memory deficits observed shortly after SE in adulthood, and we have previously reported that SUP attenuates the neuropathological response to SE in the adult hippocampus just 16 days after SE. It is unknown whether SUP can ameliorate longer‐term cognitive and neuropathological consequences of SE, whether repeatedly engaging the injured hippocampus in a cognitive task might facilitate recovery from SE, and whether our prophylactic prenatal dietary treatment would enable the injured hippocampus to more effectively benefit from cognitive rehabilitation. To address these issues, adult offspring from rat dams that received either a control (CON) or SUP diet on embryonic days 12–17 first received training on a place learning water maze task (WM) and were then administered saline or kainic acid (KA) to induce SE. Rats then either remained in their home cage, or received three additional WM sessions at 3, 6.5, and 10 weeks after SE to test spatial learning and memory retention. Eleven weeks after SE, the brains were analyzed for several hippocampal markers known to be altered by SE. SUP attenuated SE‐induced spatial learning deficits and completely rescued spatial memory retention by 10 weeks post‐SE. Repeated WM experience prevented SE‐induced declines in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and attenuated increased glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Remarkably, SUP alone was similarly protective to an even greater extent, and SUP rats that were water maze trained after SE showed reduced hilar migration of newborn neurons. These findings suggest that prophylactic SUP is protective against the long‐term cognitive and neuropathological effects of KA‐induced SE, and that rehabilitative cognitive enrichment may be partially beneficial. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimations of copper roof runoff rates in the United States
Authors: Arnold Ray 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Copper (Cu) concentrations in waterways of the United States are of widespread concern. Presently, 692 waterway segments around the United States are listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as having unacceptably high copper concentrations. As part of their water quality management strategy, the USEPA is mandated to understand and manage sources and impacts of nonpoint releases of chemicals of concern. One potential nonpoint source of Cu is the runoff of precipitation falling onto Cu used in external architecture (e.g., roofing). However, few studies of Cu roof runoff have been published. This article is intended to provide estimations of Cu runoff rates and concentrations across the United States. Copper runoff rates and concentrations are predicted at 179 locations with a recently developed model. The average and range (in parentheses) of annual Cu loading rates, based on roof area; Cu export rates, based on amount of precipitation; and Cu concentrations for the United States are 2.12 (1.05–4.85) g Cu/m2/y; 2.72 (0.69–16.48) mg Cu/m2/mm; and 2.72 (0.69–16.48) mg Cu/L as total Cu, respectively. Statistics are presented that describe site-specific data distributions for use in probabilistic exposure and risk assessments. The effects of air quality as well as the potential fate and risks of Cu from roof runoff are discussed.
Polybrominated diphenylether levels among united states residents: Daily intake and risk of harm to the developing brain and reproductive organs
Authors: McDonald Thomas A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Data on Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) concentrations in individual U.S. women were compiled. PBDE levels in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk from individual U.S. women were found to follow similar lognormal distributions, which exhibited a high degree of variability. The distribution of lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations for all media combined had a median of 47.9 ng/g and a 95th percentile estimate of 302 ng/g. Estimates of congener-specific kinetic parameters were used to calculate the total daily intake of the PBDEs (sum of 5 PBDE prominent congeners, PBDE-47, -99, -100, -153, and -154) that would be required to achieve the measured body burdens. PBDE intake estimates from all routes of exposure were 8.5 ng/kg/d (median) and 54 ng/kg/d (95th percentile). The potential health risks posed by the PBDEs were examined by comparing 95th percentile tissue concentrations in humans (Chuman) to modeled and measured tissue concentrations in rodents that caused no developmental neurotoxicity and reproductive effects (Crodent). The ratio of rodent-to-human PBDE concentrations (Crodent:Chuman) was &lt;1 for alterations of male and female reproductive organs in rats, &lt;10 for neurodevelopmental effects in mice, and &lt;100 for neurodevelopmental effects in rats. If humans are as sensitive as animals to PBDE-induced developmental toxicity, the current margin of safety appears low for a fraction of the population.
Analysis of environmental effects of the use of stabilized dredged material from New York/New Jersey Harbor, USA, for construction of roadway embankments
Authors: Douglas W. Scott , Maher Ali , Jafari Farhad 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Since the 1997 local ban on ocean dumping of dredged sediments, the state of New Jersey has pursued a policy of environmentally sound solutions to the controversial problem of dredged material management, including beneficial use of dredged material stabilized with pozzolanic additives (SDM). A pilot study was initiated in 1998 to evaluate the use of SDM in the construction of highway embankments. Using 80,000 cubic yards of silty dredged material, 2 embankments were constructed from SDM on a commercial development area adjacent to the New York/New Jersey Harbor. This article presents the evaluation of the environmental effects of the SDM, including fugitive air emissions, leachate, and stormwater quality. Engineering properties, handling and management techniques of the SDM, constructability, and performance were also evaluated, the results of which are published elsewhere. The findings demonstrate that although there are measurable releases of contaminants to the environment from the SDM, these releases are not significant long-term threats to human health or the environment. Policies currently in place to regulate the management of SDM that include limiting placement options to previously contaminated sites with institutional and engineering controls will further reduce the potential for environmental impact and, in fact, have the potential to produce significant environmental benefit.
Impacts of gold mining and land use alterations on the water quality of central Mongolian rivers
Authors: Stubblefield Andrew , Chandra Sudeep , Eagan Sean , Tuvshinjargal Dampil , Davaadorzh Gantimur , Gilroy David , Sampson Jennifer , Thorne Jim , Allen Brant , Hogan Zeb 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Conservation of water quality is inherently tied to watershed management. Efforts to protect Lake Baikal have increasingly focused on the Selenge River, a major tributary, with more than half its watershed area in Mongolia. Placer gold mining in Mongolia has the potential to load total suspended sediment (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) into Lake Baikal and destroy spawning areas for the endangered Taimen salmon (Hucho taimen taimen). This work describes water quality assessments performed from 2001 to 2003 on Mongolian tributaries to the Selenge River. Of 7 rivers sampled, rivers with proximal mining had the worst water quality. Elevated loading of TSS and TP was observed below mining regions on the Tuul River. Flooding could breach thin strips of land separating dredge pits from river channels, resulting in massive sediment loading. Extensive disturbance of the river terrace was apparent for many square kilometers. In the mountainous headwaters of the Yeroo River, tributary drainages undergoing mining had TP concentrations 8 to 15 times higher than the main stem. TSS was 7 to 12 times higher, and turbidity was 8 times higher. Alternative mining technologies exist that could minimize impact and improve the possibility for reclamation.
Individuals versus organisms versus populations in the definition of ecological assessment endpoints
Authors: Suter Glenn W. , Norton Susan B. , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Discussions and applications of the policies and practices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessment will benefit from continued clarification of the concepts of assessment endpoints and of levels of biological organization. First, assessment endpoint entities and attributes can be defined at different levels of organization. Hence, an organism-level attribute, such as growth or survival, can be applied collectively to a population-level entity such as the brook trout in a stream. Second, assessment endpoints for ecological risk assessment are often mistakenly described as “individual level,” which leads to the idea that such assessments are intended to protect individuals. Finally, populations play a more important role in risk assessments than is generally recognized. Organism-level attributes are used primarily for population-level assessments. In addition, the USEPA and other agencies already are basing management decisions on population or community entities and attributes such as production of fisheries, abundance of migratory bird populations, and aquatic community composition.
Incorporating sediment stability within the management of contaminated sediment sites: A synthesis approach
Authors: Bohlen W Frank , Erickson Michael J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
At the Third International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, a panel discussion was held to consider how best to incorporate sediment stability assessment (SSA) results when managing risks at contaminated sediment sites. This remains a challenge to the scientific and regulatory community, especially at sites where large volumes of legacy sediment are present below layers of recent sediment of better quality, and where in-place management may be viable. Use of a suite of empirical and predictive approaches collectively to assess potential risks resulting from bed erosion has emerged as the state-of-the-art approach for SSA, yet current practice lacks consistent guidance for conducting such assessments and for dealing with and communicating implications of uncertainty. The regulatory community lacks a decision-making framework that specifically incorporates SSA results, though it is a consideration in US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 2002) Principles for Sediment Management. Practitioners have not consistently communicated SSA results from a risk perspective to the stakeholder community. We believe this combination of factors, especially the inconsistent framing of results in a risk context, has contributed to discounted use of sediment stability information in decision making, fostering application of the precautionary principle, where removal is viewed as a presumed conservative but more expensive approach over in-place management options. We assert that the incorporation of SSA in decision making will be improved through the use of a consistent SSA assessment framework built around the conceptual site model, incorporating multiple lines of evidence detailing the potential impacts of large, low-probability events (e.g., the 100-y storm) on exposure and risk, and the associated uncertainties. Further advocacy of this approach was realized through panel-audience discussion at the conference. The technical methods discussed are not new; rather, it is the synthesis approach emphasized here, which by providing a framework for the systematic evaluation of how SSA is best addressed from site to site, makes the results of SSA efforts more accessible and acceptable to stakeholders and decision makers.