bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of medication on ocular blood flow
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Reduced ocular blood flow appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Hence, there is considerable interest in drugs that are capable of improving ocular perfusion. Methods A large numer of clinical trials have been performed investigating the ocular hemodynamic effects of topical and systemic medications. Such trials used a variety of different methods to assess ocular blood flow parameters. Results When adminsitered systemically most vasodilators decrease systemic blood pressure thereby reducing ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Only few classes of drugs have been reported to increase ocular blood flow with no or minimal effect on OPP. Among these carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and endothelin receptor anatgonists show the most prononced ocular vasodilator effects. The ocular hemodynamoic effects of topical medications is generally considered small. Conclusion When drugs are given systemically the effects on OPP have to be considered. In addition, the potentially positive effects on ocular perfusion need to be carefully weighed against the side effects. With topically administered drugs the ocular hemodynamic effects will be generally small, because the drugs reach the posterior pole of the eye in small concentrations only.
Differences in retinal nerve fiber layer meassurements between time domain optical coherence tomograph (OCT) and spectral domain OCT in patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy
Authors: IDOIPE M , GARCIA MARTIN E , PINILLA I , GIL‐ARRIBAS L , FUERTES LAZARO M 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To compare Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer measurements with Time Domain Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT) and Spectral Domain OCT and to get a formula to extrapole thickness results from time domain to spectral domain OCT. Methods Thirty patients with Type 1 diabetes (DM) without retinopathy were prospective and consecutively studied. All underwent imaging of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer with Stratus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.)(Fast RNFL thickness scan strategy), Cirrus HD OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.)(optic disc scan stratagy) and Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany)(RNFL scan strategy). RNFL measurements with the 3 devices were compared for the average thickness and for the four quadrants. Results Mean RNFL average thickness was 100.02 ± 11.28 microns with Stratus OCT, 95.35 ± 8.38 μm with Cirrus OCT and 98.9 ± 8.92 μm using Spectralis OCT. All RNFL measurements show significant differences except nasal quadrant between cirrus and stratus, and temporal quadrant between stratus and spectralis. We found that Stratus average thickness is 4.67 microns larger than Cirrus, and 1.12 microns higher than Spectralis OCT. Conclusion Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer measurements show differences between Stratus, Cirrus and Spectralis OCT in type 1 DM patients without retinopathy.The 3 device are not directly comparable.
Recent developments of glaucoma in children
Authors: NISCHAL KK 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPediatric glaucoma can be a very challenging area of practice. There have been four areas of advances in the last 5‐10 years to help improve the outcomes of treatment. Improved pharmacological agents available have been developed for adult glaucoma some of which have been safely used in children , the exception being brimonidine. A better understanding of the dynamics of aqueous flow and how to harness this have led to a safer filtration methodology with the use of antimetabolites especially Mitomycin C. Tubes or setons have been improved in terms of design with valved tubes eg the Ahmed tube , becoming more popular. Lastly, high frequency ultrasound has led to a better understanding and also better delievery of cyclodiode laser ab externo. Endophotocycloablation has also offered increased efficacy of cyloablation.
Management of neuro‐ophthalmology cases in children
Authors: MILAZZO S 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNeuro‐ophthalmological conditions in children must be analyzed carefully and some emergencies must be recognized. Clinical and practical cases are illustrated. On that basis the most important aspects of the field of neuro‐ophthalmology are covered succinctly but sufficiently to enable the practitioner to determine an appropriate diagnosis and course of treatment. Rare and unusual diseases are included but those that are especially critical to the patient’s vision or general health and life. Some specific clinical signs and symptoms need to be carefully evaluated as papilledema, papillary abnormalities, ptosis, diplopia or ocular motility abnormalities. Each clinical case deals with a symptom that leads the patient to seek medical attention or a sign that is demonstrated on physical examination. The proper diagnosis is frequently made with the imaging but must be repeated if necessary. Specific techniques in children are described including oculomotor and electrical testing, tomodensitometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Different treatment as medical surgical and neurosurgical are discussed. The physician evaluating neuro‐ophtalmic patients needs to have a broad background of medical information. So the patient’s workup is properly managed and therapeutic orientations can be done.
Recent developments of ocular allergy in children
Authors: CHIAMBARETTA F 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFirst we summarize the clinical presentations associated with the classification of ocular allergy, and present the last agreement for treatment. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is the more severe form affecting children and iatrogenic complications must be avoided. In vernal keratoconjunctivitis, a new grading system is introduced based on clinical signs and symptoms of ocular surface inflammation. Based on this new grading of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, different treatment options are proposed, essentially steroid sparing. Based on new information about the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, recent and more selective drugs like anti‐chemokine receptor antibodies and leukotriene receptor antagonists and cyclosporine are evaluated.
Concordia pro visu: initiative, purpose and developments
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present the idea behind the Concordia collaboration, a joint portal for European education in ophthalmology, for those who want to promote European ophthalmology. Methods Personal remembrances. Results The field of European ophthalmology has been characterised by proliferation of new societies and congresses ever since its birth, perhaps more than that of is counterparts over the world. In an effort of strengthening Europe as a center for education and research in ophthalmology, the idea was born to bring together major societies that cover all ophthalmologial subspecialties and the whole of Europe, especially in the field of education, so as to increase collaboration and to avoid duplicating efforts and wasting resources. To avoid creating yet another society, a virtual portal, Concordia pro visu, was designed as a common entry site into European education in ophthalmology. This page now replaces the previous home pages of European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO), European Society of Ophthalmology (SOE) and European University Professors in Ophthalmology (EUPO), the Concordia partners, and is closely linked with the EVER home page, its scientific partner. From the virtual portal, the Concordia collaboration has expanded to joint symposia and joint marketing and publicity of European ophthalmology in international and national congresses. The idea behind Concordia ‐ working together for the benefit of vision ‐ has proved viable indeed. Conclusion Collaboration and convergence are necessary to paragon European ophthalmology in face of natural divergence induced e.g. by increasing subspecialisation.
SOE and its role in Concordia
Authors: SEREGARD S 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To review the role of European Society of Ophthalmology (SOE) and its role in the integration of Europan Ophthalmology and the Concordia initiative Methods Review of records and SOE Congress Programmes combined with interviews of key leaders. Results The European Society of Ophthalmology currently have 42 member societies (national ophthalmic socities). The SOE is largely confined to geographical Europe but notably also includes three associate member societies of Jordan, Egypt andIisrael. The SOE strongly supports the Concordia initiative. Current work includes the revision of statutes to be able to work more closly with membership societies and subspeciality socities. Also, the biennual Congress has now been transformed to a "platform" for subspeciality, educational and research socities to further integrate European ophthalmology. The SOE strongly believe that for European integration to be lasting it should be designed "bottom‐up" based on common goals. Conclusion The SOE support the Concordia intiative and further integration of European ophthalmology.
EVER and emphasis of research in teaching
Authors: RIVA CE 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges faced by the current medical professionals is to keep current with clinical information to practice evidence‐based medicine. Conducting research during the clinical training will help future physicians better understand their field and the latest clinical developments. In this context, this presentation will emphasize what can be specifically gained by being exposed to research in a laboratory: a deeper understanding of one's chosen discipline; knowledge of on how research is conducted in one' discipline; be exposed to creative problem solving; learn how to apply concepts to real time situations, present findings at conferences; read more critically the pertinent literature and others.
Current methods of teaching ocular microsurgery
Authors: ZAGORSKI ZF 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present methods of teaching residents ocular surgery and present the future needs. Methods Reviewing the existing methods from the literature and selected national society programmes, including the own experience. Results The important features of surgical training programmes are: 1.Selection of trainees, 2.Training methodology, 3.Assessment of results, 4.Disclosure to patients that residents are involved in surgery and informed consent. The training methodology comprises of knowledge of the procedure, supervised training, practical surgical exposure and practice, experience, folow‐up and audit of outcomes. The knowledge comes from reading textbooks, observing videos, 3‐D animation, live surgery and assisting an experienced surgeon. Supervised training should be conducted in skills centers, using practice eyes and/or surgical simulators. Assessment of surgical skills should be a part of continuous assessment of all physicians. Currently no system exists for the routine accurate assessment of surgical skills relating to surgical outcomes in clinical practice. It can be assessed objectively using surgical simulators and by analyzing the database of all surgeries performed by residents and developing an evaluating form of residents surgical skills (OASIS). Patients should be informed that residents may be involved in their surgery in order to avoid possible litigation. Conclusion 1.Reliable methods of candidate selection and assessment need to be developed and established. 2.Continuous assessment of all surgeons and trainers should be introduced. 3.Skills centers and modern training technologies should be available to all trainees. 4.The above considerations could be included in the development of CME programs concerning the improvement of surgical skills
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography imaging of OculusGenTM implants in trabeculectomy blebs
Authors: BOEY PY , NARAYANASWAMY A , ZHENG CE , TUN TA , HTOON HM , AUNG T 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To image blebs of phacotrabeculectomies performed with OculusgenTM implants (ProTop and MediKing Co Ltd, Taiwan) using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) and compare these to mitomycin‐C (MMC) augmented phacotrabeculectomies Methods Thirty three subjects underwent phacotrabeculectomy with OculusGen implant, and 33 controls underwent phacotrabeculectomy with MMC. Blebs were imaged with ASOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA) and assessed for bleb height and area at postoperative month 1, 2 and 3 Results Mean age was similar in both groups (71.1 ±7.2 vs 69.9 ±6.8 years, p=0.67, OculusGen vs MMC). Distribution by gender and diagnosis (primary open vs closed angle glaucoma) was also similar. Mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was comparable(18.4 ±4.7 vs 21.0 ±6.7mmHg, p=0.07, OculusGen vs MMC). There was no difference in mean bleb height at month 1 (1.02 ±0.34 vs 0.87 ±0.34mm, p=0.07, OculusGen vs MMC) or month 2 (0.83 ±0.26 vs 0.86 ±0.24, p=0.34), but mean bleb height at month 3 was lower in the OculusGen group (0.74 ±0.20 vs 1.00 ±0.28, p=0.00). There was no difference in mean bleb area at month 1 (2.91 ±0.54 vs 2.77 ±0.62mm2, p=0.41, OculusGen vs MMC), month 2 (3.19 ±0.54 vs 3.10 ±0.73, p=0.65) or month 3 (2.97 ±0.66 vs 3.23 ±0.59, p=0.16). Mean reduction in IOP at month 3 was greater in the MMC group (2.18 ±4.93 vs 8.00 ±7.60mmHg, p=0.00, OculusGen vs MMC). At month 3, the OculusGen implants were visible in 13/33 (39.4%) subjects. Conclusion Mean bleb height was lower in the OculusGen compared to MMC group at month 3, but mean bleb area was similar. Mean IOP reduction at month 3 was greater in the MMC group. At 3 months, OculusGen implants had not degraded in a third of eyes.
Is subconjunctival inflammation associated with failure of filtering surgeries?
Authors: VERONESE RODRIGUES ML , FORTES FURTADO JM , GARCIA SOARES E , DEGHAIDE NHS , FELIPE CROSTA D , DONADI EA , SILVA DE PAULA J 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To investigate if inflammatory conjunctival reaction associate with antiglaucoma treatment, compromises the results of filtering surgeries. Methods Histological sections of conjunctival specimes obtaining from 35 eyes, during surgical procedure, were fixed in glass slides, prepared and submitted to immunohistochemical reaction for detection of HLA‐DR marker (presence of brown staining close the cell membrane). Results The presence of inflammation was detected in specimens from 45.7% of the eyes. The rate of surgical success in these eyes was 87.5% and in the eyes without inflammation was 89.4%. The difference was not significant (p>0.05) Conclusion Subclinical inflammation, caused by antiglaucoma drugs use, was not associated with failure of filtering surgeries, in the participants of this study.
Low dose verteporfin (1.5mg/m2) in chronic idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: SETROUK E , GARCIA T , DUCASSE A , ARNDT C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose In chronic idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC), recent studies indicate that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be effective in subretinal fluid resorption with reduced dose of verteporfin (3mg/m2) and reduced fluence PDT. However safety and cost issues remain to be addressed. This prospective randomized controlled study has been designed to evaluate the efficacy of a further reduced dose of verteporfin for PDT in chronic ICSC. Methods Patients with chronic ICSC greater than 3 months of documented duration were included. Visual acuity had to be <20/40. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. They received either 3 mg/m2 or 1,5 mg/m2 verteporfin and reduced fluence PDT. All patients had visual acuity, ocular coherent tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography on inclusion, follow up was based on ETDRS and OCT at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Results Ten patients were included, randomized to each treatment group. Mean duration of symptoms prior to PDT was 6 months. After 6 month follow‐up, no significant difference between the 2 groups was observed: the reduction of mean foveal thickness was equivalent in both groups. In all treated eyes, visual acuity remained stable or improved. OCT showed a reduction in serous detachment in 2 eyes of 10 eyes, complete resolution was demonstrated in 8 of 10 eyes. None of the eyes required more than 1 treatment for recurrent serous detachment. Conclusion Our preliminary data suggest that PDT leads to resolution of serous detachments and visual improvement in patients with chronic ICSC even with a low dose of verteporfin. This will reduce the cost of PDT for each patient. Long term follow‐up should enable to address safety issues.
Intravitreal bevacizumab as primary local treatment for choroidal neovascularization secondary to uveitis
Authors: JULIAN K , FARDEAU C , TERRADA C , FRANCAIS C , LEHOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To report short term results of intravitreal (IVT) bevacizumab as primary local treatment for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to uveitis. Methods Files of uveitic patients receiving one or more 1.25mg/0,05ml IVT bevacizumab treatment for CNV were reviewed for clinical findings,best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT),concurrent treatments, number and frequency of IVT bevacizumab and treatment related adverse events. Patients previosuly treated with any local therapy were excluded. Results 15 patients included. Underlying diagnosis:multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis in 7, ampiginous choroiditis in 2, and for 6 remaining, serpiginous choroiditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada syndrome, punctuate inner choroidopathy, tuberculous uveitis and idiopathic inflammation respectively. Subfoveal neovascularization in 13 eyes, peripapillary in 2. No active intraocular inflammation by time injections were given. 86,66% had a significant decrease in central foveal thickness by the end of follow‐up (mean pre‐treatment OCT 239,06µm, mean post‐treatment OCT 195,2µm). BCVA improved in 80% of eyes at last follow‐up (mean pre‐treatment BCVA logMar 0,53; mean post‐treatment BCVA logMar 0,29). 12 eyes received more than one IVT bevacizumab, mean number of injections in this group was 4,25(2‐8), with a frequency of 1 injection every 13,68 weeks. No adverse effect related to bevacizumab nor to the injection procedure. Median follow‐up 15,93(2‐25 months). Conclusion IVT bevacizumab was safe and effective first local treatment for inflammatory CNV, in patients under adequate control of intraocular inflammation.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and nerve stimulation frequency on autonomous choroidal vasodilation
Authors: REITSAMER HA , BOGNER B , RUNGE CW , BRANDTNER H , STROHMAIER C , KIEL JW 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of non selective nitric oxide synthase inhibition and the influence of nerve stimulation frequencies on parasympathetic choroidal vasodilation. Methods Stimulations of parasympathetic nerve fibers of the greater petrosal nerve with 8 and 20 Hz were performed simultaneously with continuous measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP), choroidal blood flow (ChorBF), orbital venous pressure (OVP) and arterial pressure at the eye level (MAP). Stimulations were perfomed at baseline, after non selective inhibition of all nitric oxide synthases with L‐NAME and after systemic administration of atropine in an anesthetized acute rabbit model. Results Baseline values (mean ± sem, n=6): MAP 66.9 ± 1.8 mmHg, IOP 17.3 ± 0.8 mmHg, ChorBF 467 ± 54 P.U. Facial nerve stimulation with 8 Hz under baseline conditions causes a significant increase of ChorBF 660 ± 80 P.U. and IOP 20.7 ± 1.6 mmHg and a non significant decrease of MAP 61.1 ± 5.0 mmHg. The effects of 20 Hz stimulation did not differ significantly from the 8 Hz results (MAP 68.1 ± 5.0, IOP 22.86 ± 2.0, ChorBF 688 ± 73). Non selective inhibition of the nitric oxide synthases with L‐NAME (20 mg/kg) changed the vasodilatory effects of the two stimulation frequencies. The relative effect of 8 Hz stimulation was significantly smaller than the effect of 20 Hz stimulation. However, baseline blood flow after L‐NAME was lower than under baseline conditions. Conclusion 8Hz and 20 Hz parasympathetic stimulation had similar effects before but not after non selective NOS inhibition. However, no dose of L‐NAME completely suppressed the effect of parasympathetic stimulation.
Consequences of dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency on retinal function and intraocular pressure in the rat
Authors: BARDET B , ACAR N , CREUZOT C , BRON AM , BRETILLON L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3) are key components in nervous structures but their dietary intakes in the overall population are often below nutritional requirements. A chronic deficiency in ω3 is recognized to be associated with functional impairment of the retina. At the opposite, ω3 supplementation is associated with a reduced risk for AMD. The consequences of ω3 deficiency on other eye structures than the retina, such as ciliary bodies, are scarce. The purpose of our study was to compare the response of the retina and ciliary bodies to dietary ω3 deficiency in terms of fatty acid profile and eye functionality. Methods Two successive generations of Lewis rats (G1 and G2) were obtained under either a standard or ω3‐deficient diet. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by rebound tonometry throughout the experiment. Retinal functionality was assessed by scotopic electroretinography (ERG). Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid profile of the ciliary bodies and retina. Results A 2‐fold fall in DHA content of the retina was observed in ω3‐deficient G1 animals. This decrease was accentuated in G2 (‐66%) and counterbalanced by an increase in DPAω6 in the retina. The b‐wave amplitude of the ERG was decreased by 50% at 9mcds/m² in ω3‐deficient rats. In ciliary body DHA was reduced by 80% in ω3‐deficient in G1 animals but not in G2. Meanwhile, animals from the ω3‐deficient diet had increased IOP (18 vs 12mmHg, p<0.0001). Conclusion The crucial role of ω3 in retinal function was confirmed. The most relevant finding from our study is the rise in IOP, the major risk factor for glaucoma, which was observed in animals reared under dietary deficiency in ω3.
Wavefront aberrations variations with accommodation
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To study the effects of phenylephrine 5% topical administration on accommodative response and wavefront aberrations variation. Methods The research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki . 28 eyes from 14 volunteers with spherical equivalent defocus error between –2D and +1D, no eye disease history and between 20 to 25 years of age, underwent wavefront measurements with a Shack–Hartmann wavefront aberrometer which included a movable accommodative target. Wavefront data was acquired while applying 6 different increasing accommodative stimuli, from 0 D to 5 D by steps of 1 D, before and after pupil dilation with Phenylephrine 5%. Results The dilation using Phenylephrine 5% was found to larger lag errors in the accommodative response of about half of the subjects. The total RMS amount of aberrations above defocus remained stable during accommodation with and without dilation. Spherical aberration was positive in average in the non accommodated eye and changed toward negative values with increasing accommodation (p<0.05). Cylinder axis came closer to 90° as accommodation increased (p<0.05). Although vertical coma did not significantly vary with accommodation, horizontal coma increased significantly with accommodation (p<0.05). These changes in aberrations with increasing accommodation were similar on average in both pupil conditions Conclusion Phenylephrine 5% modifies the accommodative focus response of a significant proportion of young adult eyes. Wavefront aberrations above defocus undergo similar variations in both natural and dilated pupil conditions. However the total RMS error of aberrations above defocus remains relatively constant when the eye accommodates.