bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The osteoblast: An insulin target cell controlling glucose homeostasis
Authors: Clemens Thomas L , Karsenty Gerard 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The past five years have witnessed the emergence and discovery of unexpected functions played by the skeleton in whole-organism physiology. Among these newly described tasks is the role of bone in the control of energy metabolism, which is achieved through the secretion of osteocalcin, an osteoblasts-derived hormone regulating insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure. These initial findings raised several fundamental questions on the nature of insulin action in bone. Discoveries made independently by our two groups have provided answers recently to some of these questions. Through the analysis of mice lacking insulin receptor (InsR) only in osteoblasts, we found that insulin signaling in these cells favors whole-body glucose homeostasis. Importantly, this function of insulin signaling in osteoblasts was achieved through the negative regulation of osteocalcin carboxylation and bioavailability. Our studies also established that insulin signaling in osteoblasts was a positive regulator not only of postnatal bone acquisition but also of bone resorption. Interestingly, it appears that insulin signaling in osteoblasts induced osteocalcin activation by stimulating osteoclast activity. Indeed, the low pH generated during bone resorption is a sufficient means to decarboxylate osteocalcin. Our findings establish that the osteoblast is an important target used by insulin to control whole-body glucose homeostasis and identify bone resorption as the mechanism regulating osteocalcin activation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Competitive diamond‐like and endohedral fullerene structures of Si70
Authors: Zhao Li‐Zhen , Su Wan‐Sheng , Lu Wen‐Cai , Wang C. Z. , Ho K. M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe performed first‐principles calculations to study the structure and stability of Si70 cluster. The results from the density functional theory calculation with the Becke–Lee–Yang–Parr and B3LYP exchange‐correlation functionals suggest that a diamond‐like Si70 isomer is the most stable structure, in contrast to endohedral fullerenes of Si70. On the other hand, an endohedral fullerene of Si16@Si54 was found to be slightly lower in energy than the diamond‐like Si70 if the Predew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional is used. Our calculation results suggest that around n = 70, the endohedral fullerene and diamond‐like isomer are expected to be competitive. The calculated IR vibration spectra, ionization potential, and inverse mobilities were also calculated and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
A theoretical investigation on optimal structures of ethane clusters (C2H6)n with n ≤ 25 and their building‐up principle
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGeometry optimization of ethane clusters (C2H6)n in the range of n ≤ 25 is carried out with a Morse potential. A heuristic method based on perturbations of geometries is used to locate global minima of the clusters. The following perturbations are carried out: (1) the molecule or group with the highest energy is moved to the interior of a cluster, (2) it is moved to stable positions on the surface of a cluster, and (3) orientations of one and two molecules are randomly modified. The geometry obtained after each perturbation is optimized by a quasi‐Newton method. The global minimum of the dimer is consistent with that previously reported. The putative global minima of the clusters with 3 ≤ n ≤ 25 are first proposed and their building‐up principle is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Differential effect of ECM molecules on re‐expression of cartilaginous markers in near quiescent human chondrocytes
Authors: Chiu Li‐Hsuan , Chen Shih‐Ching , Wu Kai‐Chen , Yang Charng‐Bin , Fang Chia‐Lang , Lai Wen‐Fu T. , Tsai Yu‐Hui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe limited source of healthy primary chondrocytes restricts the clinical application of tissue engineering for cartilage repair. Therefore, method to maintain or restore the chondrocyte phenotype during in vitro expansion is essential. The objective of this study is to establish the beneficial effect of ECM molecules on restoring the re‐expression of cartilaginous markers in primary human chondrocytes after extensive monolayer expansion. During the course of chondrocyte serial expansion, COL2A1, SOX9, and AGN mRNA expression levels, and GAG accumulation level were reduced significantly in serially passaged cells. Exogenous type II collagen dose‐dependently elevated GAG level and induced the re‐expression of cartilaginous marker mRNAs in P7 chondrocytes. Chondroitin sulfate did not show significant effect on P7 chondrocytes, while hyaluronic acid inhibited the expression of SOX9 and AGN mRNAs. Upon treatment with type II collagen, FAK, ERK1/2, and JNK were activated via phosphorylation in P7 chondrocytes within 15 min. Furthermore, GFOGER integrin blocking peptide, MEK inhibitor and JNK inhibitor, not p38 inhibitor, significantly reduced the type II collagen‐induced GAG deposition level. Finally, in the presence of TGF‐β1 and IGF‐I, P7 chondrocytes cultured in 3D type II collagen matrix exhibited better cartilaginous features than those cells cultured in the type I collagen matrix. In conclusion, type II collagen alone can effectively restore cartilaginous features of expanded P7 human chondrocytes. It is probably mediated via the activation of FAK‐ERK1/2 and FAK‐JNK signaling pathways. The potential application of type II collagen in expanding a scarcity of healthy chondrocytes in vitro for further tissue engineering is implicated. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1981–1988, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermal growth factor increases clathrin‐dependent endocytosis and degradation of claudin‐2 protein in MDCK II cells
Authors: Ikari Akira , Takiguchi Ayumi , Atomi Kosuke , Sugatani Junko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) decreases the mRNA and protein levels of claudin‐2 (CLDN2) in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells. Here we examined whether EGF affects the stability and intracellular distribution of CLDN2 protein. EGF decreased surface and total levels of CLDN2, which was inhibited by U0126, a MEK inhibitor. CLDN2 was co‐localized at the tight junctions (TJs) with ZO‐1, a scaffolding protein. The fluorescence signal for CLDN2 disappeared on treatment with EGF, which was inhibited by U0126. EGF accelerated the decrease in CLDN2 in the presence of cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, indicating that EGF reduces the stability of the protein. Chloroquine, a lysosomal protease inhibitor, blocked the EGF‐induced decrease in CLDN2 protein and caused the co‐localization of CLDN2 with Lamp‐1, a marker of lysosome. Monodancylcadaverine, an inhibitor of endocytosis, and clathrin siRNA blocked the EGF‐induced decrease in CLDN2 and the translocation of CLDN2 from the TJs to the lysosome. EGF increased the association of CLDN2 with clathrin and adaptin α which was inhibited by U0126. These results suggest that EGF accelerates clathrin‐dependent endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of CLDN2 protein mediated by the activation of a MEK/ERK pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2448–2456, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MDMA (ecstasy) enhances loud noise‐induced morphofunctional alterations in heart and adrenal gland
Authors: Fulceri Federica , Ferrucci Michela , Lenzi Paola , Soldani Paola , Bartalucci Alessia , Paparelli Antonio , Gesi Marco 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNoise is an environmental stressor increasingly more present in modern life and, in particular, in a variety of recreational contexts. The aim of this work is to show the effects of noise on the myocardium and adrenal gland, through a careful review of the literature dealing with the peripheral effects of noise exposure in experimental and clinical studies. Noise induces adverse effects in human health, principally involving the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, and the endocrine apparatus. Several factors in recreational environments potentially worsen the effects induced by loud noise. Among these, the intake of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is frequently associated with noise exposure in recreational situations, because of its high compliance within social and relaxation settings. For this reason, MDMA is defined as a club drug—as its intake by young people often occurs in association with other factors, such as aggregation, high temperatures, and noise. It is known that self‐administration of MDMA by humans causes severe toxicity. In particular, the myocardium is affected early after MDMA intake—resulting in tachycardia, hypertension, and arrhythmia. Furthermore, MDMA alters the activity of the adrenal glands by elevating catecholamines and corticosterone levels. This review shows that combining MDMA and loud noise exposure potentiates the effects that are produced by each single stimulant alone as seen in experimental animal models. The convergence of the effects of prolonged loud noise exposure and the consumption of MDMA on the same system might explain the sudden fatal events that happen in recreational situations. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four‐dimensional analysis of early pelvic girdle development in Rana temporaria
Authors: Pomikal Christine , Blumer Roland , Streicher Johannes 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA key event in vertebrate evolution is the linkage of the appendicular to the axial skeleton. The present study investigates the developmental dynamics of pelvic girdle morphogenesis in Rana temporaria up until metamorphosis, with respect to its functional and spatio‐temporal organization. The main questions to be addressed are: initial location and the number of elements contributing to pelvic girdle formation, mechanism of bridging between the pelvic anlage and the sacrum and arthrogenesis. Serial histological sections of specimens from Gosner Stages 30 to 41 were bright‐field microscopically examined and 3D‐reconstructed. 3D‐models were merged to 4D‐animations illustrating the complex developmental dynamics through time. The results reveal the initial formation of a single mesenchymal condensation located close to the appendicular skeleton, but far from the axial skeleton. In addition, our analysis detects a thin connective tissue strand in R. temporaria guiding the elongation of the ilium towards the sacrum. The 4D‐visualization allows novel insight into the ilio‐sacral bridging process and the reorientation of the pelvis. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural localization of hair keratin homologs in the claw of the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Jaeger Karin , Valle Luisa Dalla , Eckhart Leopold 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe claw of lizards is largely composed of beta‐keratins, also referred to as keratin‐associated beta‐proteins. Recently, we have reported that the genome of the lizard Anolis carolinensis contains alpha keratin genes homologous to hair keratins typical of hairs and claws of mammals. Molecular and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that two hair keratin homologs named hard acid keratin 1 (HA1) and hard basic keratin 1 (HB1) are expressed in keratinocytes forming the claws of A. carolinensis. Here, we extended the immunocytochemical localization of the novel reptilian keratins to the ultrastructural level. After sectioning, claws were subjected to immunogold labeling using antibodies against HA1, HB1, and, for comparison, beta‐keratins. Electron microscopy showed that the randomly organized network of tonofilaments in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes becomes organized in long and parallel bundles of keratin in precorneous layers, resembling cortical cells of hairs. Entering the cornified part of the claw, the elongated corneous cells fuse and accumulate corneous material. HA1 and HB1 are absent in the basal layer and lower spinosus layers of the claw and are expressed in the upper and precorneous layers, including the elongating corneocytes. The labeling for alpha‐keratin was loosely associated with filament structures forming the fibrous framework of the claws. The ultrastructural distribution pattern of hard alpha‐keratins resembled that of beta‐keratins, which is compatible with the hypothesis of an interaction during claw morphogenesis. The data on the ultrastructural localization of hair keratin homologs facilitate a comparison of lizard claws and mammalian hard epidermal appendages containing hair keratins. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neoadjuvant therapy of colorectal liver metastases: Lessons learned from clinical trials
Authors: Brouquet Antoine , Nordlinger Bernard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used to improve outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). In patients with unresectable CLM, recent clinical trials evaluate the ability of chemotherapy to increase the resectability rate. In patients with resectable CLM, the objective is to decrease the risk of recurrence after hepatectomy that still remains elevated despite the improvement of the surgical technique. A multidisciplinary approach of patients with CLM is desirable whatever the initial status of resectability. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:932–936. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of FDG‐PET staging in selecting the optimum patient for hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Strasberg Steven M. , Dehdashti Farrokh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStaging by FDG‐PET of patients who are candidates for surgical treatment of colorectal metastases is an essential part of management of this problem. FDG‐PET is highly sensitive and specific for intrahepatic colorectal tumors and the most sensitive test for extrahepatic tumors. FDG‐PET alters management in 25% of patients, reducing futile laparotomies and hepatectomies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:955–959. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative sentinel lymph node analysis in melanoma
Authors: Badgwell Brian D. , Pierce Charles , Broadwater J. Ralph , Westbrook Kent , Korourian Soheila , Davis Dan , Hiatt Kim , Lee Jeannette , Cheung Wang L. , Klimberg V. Suzanne 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of touch preparation cytology (TPC) and frozen section (FS) histology in the intraoperative staging of melanoma.MethodsThe cohort was identified from all patients with clinically node negative melanoma undergoing a SLN biopsy using Technetium and/or blue dye mapping from 1/1998 to 10/2008. TPC and FS analysis was performed utilizing Diff‐quick and compared to permanent section interpretation with H&E.ResultsOf 271 patients undergoing SLN biopsy, 163 underwent intraoperative analysis of the sentinel node (125 underwent TPC alone, 15 underwent FS alone, 23 underwent both TPC and FS), and 108 underwent no intraoperative analysis. Thirty‐three patients undergoing intraoperative analysis of the SLN were found to have positive nodes (20%) on permanent histology. There were no false positives identified (specificity = 100%). The overall sensitivity for all methods of intraoperative analysis was 61% (20/33). On a per patient basis, the sensitivity was 47% (9/19) for TPC alone, 75% (3/4) for FS alone, and 80% (8/10) for both TPC and FS.ConclusionsThere were no false positives identified suggesting TPC and FS can be used safely to identify the majority of SLN that harbor metastases from melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:1–5. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biologic modulation of chemotherapy in patients with hepatic colorectal metastases: The role of anti‐VEGF and anti‐EGFR antibodies
Authors: Geva Ravit , Prenen Hans , Topal Baki , Aerts Raymond , Vannoote Jaarke , Van Cutsem Eric 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, the subset of patients with liver‐only metastases shows the greatest promise for prolonged survival and cure. Advances in surgery and medical treatment have encouraged multimodality treatment strategies and therefore require a true multidisciplinary approach. The current standard of care includes peri‐operative chemotherapy and surgery. The new era of biologically targeted therapy requires an in‐depth look at the possible efficacy and risks of adding these agents to the treatment protocol. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:937–945. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laryngeal injury from prolonged intubation: A prospective analysis of contributing factors
Authors: Colton House Joyce , Noordzij J. Pieter , Murgia Bobby , Langmore Susan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The factors leading to laryngeal injury due to intubation are not fully understood. This study sought to determine if duration of intubation, size of endotracheal tube, and/or type of endotracheal tube impact the degree of vocal fold immobility and other laryngeal injury upon extubation.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Sixty‐one adult patients intubated for more than 48 hours were examined by recorded flexible nasolaryngoscopy shortly after extubation.Results:Forty‐one percent of patients had some degree of vocal fold immobility. However, neither the duration of intubation (range, 2–28 days; mean, 9.1 days), the size of endotracheal tube (range, 6 to 8), nor the type of endotracheal tube significantly affected the degree of laryngeal injury including vocal fold immobility. Additionally, none of the collected demographic information (age, gender, height, weight) significantly affected the degree of laryngeal injury.Conclusions:In this cohort, duration of intubation, type of endotracheal tube, and size of endotracheal tube do not significantly correlate to the incidence of vocal fold mobility and degree of laryngeal injury noted after prolonged intubation. Laryngoscope, 2011
Efficacy of intranasal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia‐associated epistaxis
Authors: Karnezis Tom T. , Davidson Terence M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/ Hypothesis:Intranasal Bevacizumab is an effective therapy for epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:In 32 successive patients presenting with recurrent HHT epistaxis 25–100 mg of Bevacizumab was applied intranasally either as a submucosal injection or as a topical spray between November 2008 and May 2010. In many of the injected patients, the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) laser was used adjunctively for vessel photocoagulation. A phone interview was performed in July 2010 to assess for treatment efficacy.Results:All 32 treated patients were contacted with pre‐ and posttreatment epistaxis severity scores (ESS) compared. Seventeen patients received topical Bevacizumab, 10 patients received a submucosal injection, and 5 patients received both. In addition, 12 patients were also treated with the KTP laser at the time of their submucosal injection. In the pretreatment period the average ESS was 7.0 (SD = 2.1), whereas in the posttreatment group the average ESS was 2.9 (SD = 1.7). This represents a significant improvement in epistaxis severity (P < .0001).Conclusions:In HHT patients intranasal Bevacizumab, applied as a topical spray or a submucosal injection, significantly improves epistaxis as measured by the Epistaxis Severity Score. Laryngoscope, 2011
Self‐Assembling Viral Mimetics: One Long Journey with Short Steps
Authors: Lamarre Baptiste , Ryadnov Maxim G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecently, the Foresight Institute has pronounced six economic challenges that can be addressed through the progress of nanotechnology. One of these is the health and longevity of human life. Amongst applications anticipated to provide a solution to this challenge, gene therapy appears to be particularly promising. In theory, many diseases that result from genetic disorders can be cured by correcting defective genes. In practice, finding efficient and safe delivery vectors remains the stumbling point on the path of genetic therapies to the clinic. Viruses, otherwise the most efficient transfectors, pose safety concerns over immune reactions, whereas synthetic gene packages greatly lack the structural integrity of viruses. An ideal vector is therefore seen as a compromise between the two: a nanoscale device, which would mimic a virus and act as a virus, but would do this at the designer's whim. A strategy to achieve this is offered by the virus architecture itself, the principles of which are translated into the function via exquisitely reproducible self‐assembly mechanisms. Thus, to mimic a virus is to mimic the way it is built, i.e., self‐assembly. With just a few attempts made so far, the journey to an artificial virus has had a short lifetime, but the promise it holds is not expected to reduce any time soon. magnified image
Thermo‐Responsive Assembly of Chemically Reduced Graphene and Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Lee Da Young , Yoon Seyoung , Oh Yeon Jeong , Park Sung Young , In Insik 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA stable aqueous solution of reduced graphene is prepared by chemical reduction of GO in the presence of PNIPAM in water through the hydrophobic interaction between graphene plates and PNIPAM backbones. Thermosensitive solubility switching of the graphene/PNIPAM assembly was successfully demonstrated below or above the LCST, which is higher (up to 42 °C) than the LCST of pure PNIPAM (36 °C) because interacting PNIPAM chains on graphene plates are less mobile than free PNIPAM chains. The success of PNIPAM as stabilizer for reduced graphene solution can be explained by both efficient hydrophobic interaction with graphene surface and matching of surface tension of water (72.8 mJ · m−2) with “graphene‐friendly surface tension” (40–50 mJ · m−2) by the presence of PNIPAM in water (41.8 mJ · m−2). magnified image
Effect of Molecular Structure and Thermal Treatment on Photo‐optical Properties of Photochromic Azobenzene‐containing Polymer Films
Authors: Bobrovsky Alexey , Shibaev Valery , Bubnov Alexej , Hamplová Vĕra , Kašpar Miroslav , Pociecha Damian , Glogarová Milada 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThree novel photochromic azobenzene‐containing comb‐shaped polyacrylates are synthesized and their phase behavior and photo‐optical properties are studied. The influence of the side photochromic group structure, thermal treatment, and light irradiation on aggregation of azobenzene chromophores in thin spin‐coated films of the polymers is investigated in detail. Special attention is paid to studying the photo‐orientation processes in polymers films induced by polarized blue light (473 nm). The relationship between the photochromic group architecture, phase behavior, thermal treatment of films, and kinetics of chromophore photo‐orientation is established and discussed. It is found that the position of the NN bond in chromophores plays an important role in the kinetics of the process, but does not affect the maximum value of dichroism. magnified image