bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aetiology for the covariation between combined type ADHD and reading difficulties in a family study: the role of IQ
Authors: Cheung Celeste H.M. , Wood Alexis C. , Paloyelis Yannis , Arias‐Vasquez Alejandro , Buitelaar Jan K. , Franke Barbara , Miranda Ana , Mulas Fernando , Rommelse Nanda , Sergeant Joseph A. , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Asherson Philip , Kuntsi Jonna 
Published: February 2012

Background:  Twin studies using both clinical and population‐based samples suggest that the frequent co‐occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading ability/disability (RD) is largely driven by shared genetic influences. While both disorders are associated with lower IQ, recent twin data suggest that the shared genetic variability between reading difficulties and ADHD inattention symptoms is largely independent from genetic influences contributing to general cognitive ability. The current study aimed to extend the previous findings that were based on rating scale measures in a population sample by examining the generalisability of the findings to a clinical population, and by measuring reading difficulties both with a rating scale and with an objective task. This study investigated the familial relationships between ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ in a sample of individuals diagnosed with ADHD combined type, their siblings and control sibling pairs.Methods:  Multivariate familial models were run on data from 1,789 individuals at ages 6–19. Reading difficulties were measured with both rating scale and an objective task. IQ was obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC–III/WAIS–III).Results:  Significant phenotypic (.2–.4) and familial (.3–.5) correlations were observed among ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ. Yet, 53%–72% of the overlapping familial influences between ADHD and reading difficulties were not shared with IQ.Conclusions:  Our finding that familial influences shared with general cognitive ability, although present, do not account for the majority of the overlapping familial influences on ADHD and reading difficulties extends previous findings from a population‐based study to a clinically ascertained sample with combined type ADHD.
Endothelin and bradykinin: ‘brothers‐in‐arms’ in Chagas vasculopathies?
Authors: D'Orléans‐Juste Pedro , Bkaily Ghassan , Rae Giles Alexander 
Published: February 2012

Reports of Chagas disease are increasing in non‐endemic populations across the globe. Apart from vector eradication and prevention efforts by public health organizations, current pharmacological interventions are sparse and show important side effects. In this issue of the BJP, Andrade et al. elegantly demonstrate a new pharmacological paradigm whereby Trypanosoma cruzi host cell invasion requires significant cross‐talk between receptors for kinins and endothelins. It is shown, for example, that acting via both ETA and ETB receptors, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) cooperates with the (TLR2/CXCR2/B2 kinin receptor) complex to activate inflammatory processes in response to invading trypomastigotes.This study by Andrade et al. prompts, however, several important questions, summarized in this Commentary, such as the putative role of chymase‐dependent production of ET‐1, the contentious protective role of ACE inhibitors in Chagasic patients, the unexplored role of de novo formed B1 receptors for kinins triggered by cytokines and the putative role of compartmentalized calcium pools in host cell invasion by trypomastigotes.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Andrade et al., pp. 1333–1347 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01609.x
Characterization of the hypothermic effects of imidazoline I2 receptor agonists in rats
Authors: Thorn David A , An Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Yanan , Pigini Maria , Li Jun‐Xu 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Imidazoline I2 receptors have been implicated in several CNS disorders. Although several I2 receptor agonists have been described, no simple and sensitive in vivo bioassay is available for studying I2 receptor ligands. This study examined I2 receptor agonist‐induced hypothermia as a functional in vivo assay of I2 receptor agonism.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Different groups of rats were used to examine the effects of I2 receptor agonists on the rectal temperature and locomotion. The pharmacological mechanisms were investigated by combining I2 receptor ligands and different antagonists.KEY RESULTS All the selective I2 receptor agonists examined (2‐BFI, diphenyzoline, phenyzoline, CR4056, tracizoline, BU224 and S22687, 3.2–56 mg·kg–1, i.p.) dose‐dependently and markedly decreased the rectal temperature (hypothermia) in rats, with varied duration of action. Pharmacological mechanism of the observed hypothermia was studied by combining the I2 receptor agonists (2‐BFI, BU224, tracizoline and diphenyzoline) with imidazoline I2 receptor/ α2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan, selective I1 receptor antagonist efaroxan, α2 adrenoceptor antagonist/5‐HT1A receptor agonist yohimbine. Idazoxan but not yohimbine or efaroxan attenuated the hypothermic effects of 2‐BFI, BU224, tracizoline and diphenyzoline, supporting the I2 receptor mechanism. In contrast, both idazoxan and yohimbine attenuated hypothermia induced by the α2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. Among all the I2 receptor agonists studied, only S22687 markedly increased the locomotor activity in rats.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Imidazoline I2 receptor agonists can produce hypothermic effects, which are primarily mediated by I2 receptors. These data suggest that I2 receptor agonist‐induced hypothermia is a simple and sensitive in vivo assay for studying I2 receptor ligands.
Using lean techniques to define the platelet (PLT) transfusion process and cost‐effectiveness to evaluate PLT dose transfusion strategies
Authors: Riley William , Smalley Benjamin , Pulkrabek Shelley , Clay Mary E. , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) doses of 1.1 × 1011, 2.2 × 1011, and 4.4 × 1011/m2 body surface area are equally effective in preventing bleeding. These different dose strategies involve different numbers of transfusions. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate PLT dose therapies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A process map of preparation and administration of a PLT transfusion identified 46 steps (23 steps in the blood bank and 23 steps on the care unit). Time studies were conducted for these 46 steps. Supply costs and personnel costs were estimated based on time studies. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate treatment regimes involving 16 transfusions per patient for the low‐dose, 12 transfusions for medium‐dose, and eight transfusions for high‐dose regimes.RESULTS: The time and the cost of the transfusion process for the blood bank were 32.41 minutes and $21.93 per unit, and for the patient care unit, 58.36 minutes and $57.71 per unit. The total cost for a course of PLT therapy per patient ranged from $4503.77 to $7014.59 for three different PLT doses. For a simulated bone marrow transplantation unit with 259 patients annually, there would be approximately a $700,000 difference among the clinically equivalent low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose treatment options.CONCLUSIONS: The overall cost of transfusion therapy is more influenced by the cost of the product than the cost of providing the transfusion. Depending on the cost adjustment by the supplier for different doses of PLTs, a low‐dose transfusion strategy can be less costly.
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention in blood donors
Authors: Kessler Debra A. , Ortiz Caroline , Grima Kathleen , Vlahov David , Nandi Vijay , Jones Robert , Hillyer Christopher D. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Blood centers have implemented public health initiatives, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening, to improve donor and community health and serve as an incentive to donate.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CVD risk screening and counseling were performed at mobile blood drives in diverse neighborhoods. Risk factors were determined by point‐of‐care testing (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin A1c levels), interviews, and physical examinations (body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure). Results were confidentially relayed to participant by health counselors. A 60‐day follow‐up survey was sent to some participants.RESULTS: Over 11 months, 2406 participants (44% male; mean age 28 ± 16; 67% minority racial/ethnic group) were screened at 290 mobile drives. A total of 92% of participants had medical insurance. A total of 14% had none, 26% one, 33% two, and 27% three or more risk factors. A total of 72% of teenage participants had at least one risk factor. A total of 18% of participants who were taking medications for risks were poorly controlled. A total of 15% had newly identified risks. A total of 711 participants completed follow‐up survey: 21% sought medical care, 51% were motivated to change their lifestyle, 81% were pleased with screening, 48% were more likely to donate, and 62% recommended donation to friends and family because of the screening.CONCLUSION: CVD risk screening and counseling can occur during a mobile blood drive. A majority of participants screened had risk factors. Follow‐up surveys showed that the program was well received. Further studies are planned to evaluate long‐term effects of the program on donor health and donor return rates.
Factors associated with the avoidance of red blood cell transfusion after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kekre Natasha , Christou Grace , Mallick Ranjeeta , Tokessy Melanie , Tinmouth Alan , Tay Jason , Allan David S. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is required frequently for most patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). RBC transfusion, however, can be associated with adverse events including transfusion reactions, acquiring transmissible disease, and delayed recovery. Factors associated with avoidance of transfusion are not well documented.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data concerning RBC transfusions between Day 0 and Day +30 were analyzed for patients undergoing HSCT at a single Canadian transplant center between January 2002 and December 2007.RESULTS: Of 555 patients undergoing HSCT with complete RBC transfusion data, 59 patients (10.6%) did not require RBC transfusion in the first 30 days after HSCT. Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in age, graft source, donor type, or conditioning regimen between transfused and nontransfused patients. Factors that were significantly associated with avoidance of transfusion included male sex (p = 0.0013), diagnosis, specifically plasma cell dyscrasias (p < 0.0001), early‐stage disease (p = 0.006), and higher baseline hemoglobin (Hb) at time of transplant (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, higher pretransplant Hb, male sex, and early‐stage disease remained significantly associated with avoidance of RBC transfusion. Pretransplant Hb correlated inversely with the number of RBC transfusions (r = −0.89).CONCLUSION: Increased pretransplant Hb, male sex, and early‐stage disease are associated with avoidance of RBC transfusion after HSCT. Interventions aimed at improving pretransplant Hb levels require further study.
Trypanosoma cruzi infection in North America and Spain: evidence in support of transfusion transmission (CME)
Authors: Benjamin Richard J. , Stramer Susan L. , Leiby David A. , Dodd Roger Y. , Fearon Margaret , Castro Emma 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: The United States, Canada, and Spain perform selective testing of blood donors for Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas disease) to prevent transfusion transmission. The donor, product, and patient characteristics associated with transfusion‐transmitted infections are reviewed and the infectivity of components from donors with serologic evidence of infection is estimated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic review of transfusion‐transmitted T. cruzi cases and recipient tracing undertaken in North America and Spain is described. Cases were assessed for the imputability of the evidence for transfusion transmission.RESULTS: T. cruzi infection in 20 transfusion recipients was linked to 18 serologically confirmed donors between 1987 and 2011, including 11 identified only by recipient tracing. Cases were geographically widely distributed and were not associated with incident or autochthonous infections. Index clinical cases were described only in immunocompromised patients. All definite transmissions (n = 11) implicated apheresis or whole blood–derived platelets (PLTs), including leukoreduced and irradiated products. There is no evidence of transmission by red blood cells (RBCs) or frozen products, while transmission by whole blood transfusion remains a possibility. Recipient tracing reveals low component infectivity from serologically confirmed, infected donors of 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%‐3.5%) overall: 13.3% (95% CI, 5.6%‐25.7%) for PLTs, 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0%‐1.5%) for RBCs, and 0.0% (95% CI, 0%‐3.7%) for plasma and cryoprecipitate.CONCLUSIONS: T. cruzi is transmitted by PLT components from some donors with serologic evidence of infection. Evidence of transmission before the implementation of widespread testing in the countries studied is sparse, and selective testing of only PLT and fresh whole blood donations should be considered.
Blood donors' helping behavior is driven by warm glow: more evidence for the blood donor benevolence hypothesis
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Taylor Michael , Keatley David , Flynn Niall , Lawrence Claire 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: The benevolence hypothesis (both donor and recipient gain) suggests that blood donors, compared to non–blood donors have a general altruistic motivational preference based on warm glow (i.e., “I donate because it makes me feel good”). With objective behavioral economics tests of altruism and warm‐glow giving, this paper offers the first direct experimental test of this hypothesis. The prediction that blood donors will be motivated in general by warm glow was compared to predictions from other theoretical models: strong reciprocity and empathy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Four experiments and one prospective study examined blood donors' and nondonors' motivations for general charitable giving and blood donation. Variants of the dictator game (DG; a charity DG [CDG] and a warm‐glow version of a CDG) were used to provide objective measures of altruism.RESULTS: Blood donors gave less than nondonors on the CDG, but gave more on the warm‐glow version. Blood donors' actual donations (in the CDGs and blood donation) were associated with feelings of warm glow. There was no evidence that blood donors were motivated by strong reciprocity or empathic concerns.CONCLUSIONS: This paper offers objective behavioral evidence that blood donors' charitable giving and blood donation, compared to non–blood donors, is more strongly motivated by warm glow. This provides additional support for the benevolence hypothesis of blood donation.
Chemerin analog regulates energy metabolism in sheep
Authors: SUZUKI Yutaka , SONG Sang‐Houn , SATO Katsuyoshi , SO Kyoung‐Ha , ARDIYANTI Astrid , KITAYAMA Shun , HONG Yeon‐Hee , LEE Sung‐Dae , CHOI Ki‐Choon , HAGINO Akihiko , KATOH Kazuo , ROH Sang‐gun 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAccumulating data suggest a relationship between chemerin and energy metabolism. Our group previously described gene cloning, expression analysis and the regulatory mechanism of chemerin and its own receptor in mice and cattle. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological effect of chemerin on endocrine changes and energy metabolism in sheep using a biologically stable chemerin analog. The chemerin analog was intravenously administrated (100 or 500 µg/head) to sheep, and plasma insulin and metabolites (glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol) were analyzed. The chemerin analog dramatically increased the insulin levels, and glucose levels were decreased. NEFA levels were slightly decreased at 20 min but then increased gradually from 60 to 180 min after analog administration. In addition, injection of the chemerin analog immediately increased triglyceride and total cholesterol but not HDL levels. These results suggested that chemerin analog regulated insulin secretion related to glucose metabolism and the release of triglycerides in sheep in vivo. This study provides new information about endocrine and metabolic changes in response to chemerin in sheep.
Analysis of preference for domestic grass‐fed beef in Japanese youths
Authors: ORIME Ai , YONEZAWA Tomohiro , OGASAWARA Hideki , KUROYANAGI Tadashi , MANDA Tomiharu 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA questionnaire based on sensory evaluation of completely domestic grass‐fed beef was carried out on 157 Japanese undergraduate students aged between 18 and 22 years in Kitasato University. The sensory evaluation sheet consisted of 10 questions concerning preference for domestic grass‐fed beef, and three demographic/lifestyle questions. Using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into four groups (G1–G4). G1 accepted almost all properties. G2 accepted most properties but disliked chewiness. G3 accepted juiciness and flavor but disliked the color and texture of the meat. G4 tended to dislike almost all properties. According to chi‐square test, most G2‐people statistically liked other commercial beef and G4‐people had neutral and negative impressions. G1‐ or G3‐people did not have any significant tendency as regards beef preference. These results indicate that most of the young respondents who preferred domestic grass‐fed beef could not accept its texture, and some respondents could accept its juiciness and flavor. It is also suggested that a part of the people who like commercial beef do not prefer chewiness of grass‐fed beef. Such information will aid grass‐fed beef cattle breeders, producers and packers to improve the quality of beef and its evaluation.
Targeted and shotgun metagenomic approaches provide different descriptions of dryland soil microbial communities in a manipulated field study
Authors: Steven Blaire , Gallegos‐Graves La Verne , Starkenburg Shawn R. , Chain Patrick S. , Kuske Cheryl R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe extent to which different sequence‐based approaches describe environmental microbial communities in comparative studies is an important consideration when deriving inferences from ecological studies. The ability of a targeted metagenomic approach [small subunit (SSU) rRNA pyrosequencing] and shotgun metagenome approaches were compared to identify distinguishing features in dryland soil microbial communities from two different habitats: biological soil crusts (biocrusts) and creosote bush root zones. A parallel comparison was conducted to determine the ability of each approach to detect community differences potentially arising from a more subtle experimental treatment, long‐term elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. As expected, the biocrust datasets were clearly differentiated from root zone datasets using either of the sequencing approaches. However, the composition described by each approach was significantly different. The magnitude of comparative differences due to habitat or elevated CO2 treatment was larger with pyrosequenced SSU datasets or SSU reads recruited from shotgun metagenomes, than from SEED‐classified shotgun metagenome reads. Finally, based on prior knowledge of the biocrust communities, the SSU‐based datasets more accurately identified the dominant biocrust cyanobacteria sequences compared to the shotgun metagenome datasets.
Serum Autoantibody Signature of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Progression to Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Mangé Alain , Lacombe Jérôme , Bascoul-Mollevi Caroline , Jarlier Marta , Lamy Pierre-Jean , Rouanet Philippe , Maudelonde Thierry , Solassol Jérôme 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Purpose: The identification of markers associated with progression to invasive breast cancer (IBC) is a major factor that can guide physicians in the initial therapeutic decision and the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Experimental Design: We examined autoantibody targets in 20 DCIS and 20 IBC patients using protein microarrays and identified humoral responses that can be used to distinguish the two groups. The five most differentially targeted antigens were selected to generate an autoantibody signature for the in situ to invasive breast cancer transition. This signature was next tested on 120 independent samples (61 DCIS and 59 IBC) using specific ELISA assays. The prognosis value of the autoantibody signature was finally evaluated in a cohort of DCIS patients followed for 5 years.
Results: A set of five autoantibody targets (RBP-Jκ, HMGN1, PSRC1, CIRBP, and ECHDC1) with the highest differential signal intensity found in the protein microarrays experiment was used to establish an autoantibody signature of the DCIS to IBC transition. Using ELISA, this signature significantly discriminated DCIS from IBC [area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.794, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.674–0.877]. Interestingly, our panel could highly distinguish low-grade DCIS from high-grade DCIS exhibiting an AUC of 0.749 (95% CI: 0.581–0.866). Finally, using a Kaplan–Meier analysis, the autoantibody signature could significantly divide the DCIS patients into a poor prognosis group and a good prognosis group (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: These results indicate the potential of autoantibody detection as a new prognostic test with possible clinical implications for the management of DCIS. Clin Cancer Res; 18(7); 1992–2000. ©2012 AACR.
Cyclin D1 and FADD as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rasamny Jk J. , Allak Amir , Krook Kaelyn A. , Jo Vickie Y. , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria L. , Sumner Heather M. , Moskaluk Christopher A. , Frierson Henry F. , Jameson Mark J. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveCyclin D1 and FADD (Fas‐associated protein with death domain) regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively, and are located on chromosome 11q13, which is frequently amplified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluates these proteins as predictors of clinical outcomes for HNSCC.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.SubjectsTwo hundred twenty‐two patients with upper aerodigestive HNSCC.ResultsPatients with tumors that were strongly positive for cyclin D1 and FADD had reduced overall (OS; P =. 003 and P <. 001), disease‐specific (DSS; P =. 039 and P <. 001), and disease‐free (DFS; P =. 026 and P <. 001) survival, respectively. Together, the 2 markers effectively stratified OS (P <. 001), DSS (P <. 001), and DFS (P =. 002). Strong FADD staining correlated with greater alcohol consumption and varied significantly with primary tumor site: 56% of hypopharynx tumors expressed high levels of FADD but only 7% of glottis tumors. Using Cox regression analysis, FADD and N stage were significant independent predictors of DSS and DFS, whereas cyclin D1, FADD, and N stage were independently significant for OS.ConclusionCyclin D1 and FADD may have utility as predictors of long‐term outcomes for patients with HNSCC. Further study is needed to determine if these proteins predict response to different treatment approaches or assist in selecting patients for multimodality therapy.