bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and cortical degeneration in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Saji Etsuji , Arakawa Musashi , Yanagawa Kaori , Toyoshima Yasuko , Yokoseki Akiko , Okamoto Kouichirou , Otsuki Mika , Akazawa Kohei , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Kawachi Izumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an inflammatory and demyelinating syndrome characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. Several magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed abnormalities in normal‐appearing gray matter in NMOsd. The aim of this study is to elucidate the characteristics and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in NMOsd brains.Methods:Fourteen Japanese patients with serologically verified NMOsd, 17 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 37 healthy controls were assessed with the Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRBN). Using 128 tissue blocks from 6 other cases of NMOsd, 3 cases of MS, and 4 controls without central nervous system involvement, we performed quantitative analysis of cortical neuronal loss and layer‐specific changes in NMOsd.Results:In BRBN assessments, 57% of NMOsd patients and 47% of MS patients had impaired performance on at least 3 cognitive tests. Cognitive impairment in NMOsd was common even in the limited form of disease, indicating that NMOsd may progress insidiously from early stages of disease. Neuropathological assessments showed neuronal loss in cortical layers II, III, and IV, with nonlytic reaction of aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐negative astrocytes in layer I, massive activated microglia in layer II, and meningeal inflammation in NMOsd brains. All NMO cases showed no evidence of cortical demyelination.Interpretation:We demonstrate cognitive impairment and substantial cortical neuronal loss with unique AQP4 dynamics in astrocytes in NMOsd. These data indicate pathological processes consisting not only of inflammatory demyelinating events characterized by pattern‐specific loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity but also cortical neurodegeneration in NMOsd brains. ANN NEUROL 2013.
Knee laxity after staircase exercise predicts radiographic disease progression in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Miyazaki Tsuyoshi , Uchida Kenzo , Sato Mitsuhiko , Watanabe Shuji , Yoshida Ai , Wada Makoto , Shimada Seiichiro , Kuiper Jan Herman , Baba Hisatoshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether increased laxity of the knee during daily physical activities such as stair climbing is associated with progression of knee joint osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsDuring the years 2001–2003, 136 patients with bilateral primary medial compartment knee joint OA were enrolled in this prospective study. Baseline data collected were body mass index (BMI), muscle power, radiographic joint space width, mechanical axis on standing radiography, and anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity before and after physical exercise. After 8 years of followup, 84 patients were reexamined to assess radiographic changes. Radiographic disease progression was defined as progression of >1 grade on the Kellgren/Lawrence scale.ResultsAP knee laxity increased significantly after stair climbing. Patients with OA progression and those without progression did not differ significantly in age, sex, baseline quadriceps muscle strength, mechanical axis, joint space width, and AP knee laxity before exercise. The 2 groups of patients did, however, differ significantly in baseline BMI and change in AP knee laxity due to exercise. The risk of progression of knee OA increased 4.15‐fold with each millimeter of increase in the change in AP knee laxity due to exercise and 1.24‐fold with each point increase in the BMI.ConclusionOur results indicate that patients with OA progression have significantly greater changes in knee joint laxity during physical activities and a higher BMI than patients without OA progression. These findings suggest that larger changes in knee laxity during repetitive physical activities and a higher BMI play significant roles in the progression of knee OA.
Tipping the lysine methylation balance in disease
Authors: Black Joshua C. , Whetstine Johnathan R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGenomic instability is a major contributing factor to the development and onset of diseases such as cancer. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that maintaining the proper balance of histone lysine methylation is critical to preserve genomic integrity. Genome‐wide association studies, gene sequencing, and genome‐wide mapping approaches have helped identify mutations, copy number changes, and aberrant gene regulation of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) associated with cancer and cognitive disorders. Structural analysis of KMTs and KDMs has demonstrated the drugability of these enzymes and has led to the discovery of small molecule inhibitors. Use of these inhibitors has allowed better understanding of the biochemical properties of KMTs and KDMs and demonstrated potential for therapeutic use. This review will highlight the methyl modifications, KMTs and KDMs associated with cancer and neurological disorders and how KMT and KDM and the potential for treatment of these conditions with small molecule inhibitors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 127–135, 2013.
Separation technologies for stem cell bioprocessing
Authors: Diogo Maria Margarida , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Cabral Joaquim M.S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStem cells have been the focus of an intense research due to their potential in Regenerative Medicine, drug discovery, toxicology studies, as well as for fundamental studies on developmental biology and human disease mechanisms. To fully accomplish this potential, the successful application of separation processes for the isolation and purification of stem cells and stem cell‐derived cells is a crucial issue. Although separation methods have been used over the past decades for the isolation and enrichment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for transplantation in hemato‐oncological settings, recent achievements in the stem cell field have created new challenges including the need for novel scalable separation processes with a higher resolution and more cost‐effective. Important examples are the need for high‐resolution methods for the separation of heterogeneous populations of multipotent adult stem cells to study their differential biological features and clinical utility, as well as for the depletion of tumorigenic cells after pluripotent stem cell differentiation. Focusing on these challenges, this review presents a critical assessment of separation processes that have been used in the stem cell field, as well as their current and potential applications. The techniques are grouped according to the fundamental principles that govern cell separation, which are defined by the main physical, biophysical, and affinity properties of cells. A special emphasis is given to novel and promising approaches such as affinity‐based methods that take advantage of the use of new ligands (e.g., aptamers, lectins), as well as to novel biophysical‐based methods requiring no cell labeling and integrated with microscale technologies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2699–2709. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An educational tool for implementing reactive systems following a goal‐driven approach
Authors: Soto Fulgencio , Sánchez Pedro , Mateo Antonio , Alonso Diego , Navarro Pedro J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel computer‐based tool that has proven useful for students to both implement and validate the design of reactive systems using the Teleo‐Reactive approach. The design and implementation of the tool and the proposed laboratory exercises are described. The tool, then, is a useful framework for tackling the synthesis of control systems for reactive systems. The results of the tests on efficiency with undergraduate students are also discussed.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:764–773, 2014; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI10.1002/cae.21568
eLearning standards and automatic assessment in a distributed eclipse based environment for learning computer programming
Authors: Jurado Francisco , Redondo Miguel , Ortega Manuel 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTComputer Programming competence is a good research field in which students of Computer Science can be assisted by an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). An ITS can guide the students in their learning process proposing the corresponding learning activities for each particular student. In this article, we will outline a proposal about how to use eLearning standard and automatic assessment techniques to build an ITS for learning to program. In addition, we will show the implemented system to test our proposal and how we have evaluated it with students in our university.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:774–787, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21569
Metal@COFs: Covalent Organic Frameworks as Templates for Pd Nanoparticles and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Pd@COF‐102 Hybrid Material
Authors: Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Oh Hyunchul , Hirscher Michael , Esken Daniel , Wiktor Christian , Turner Stuart , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThree‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been demonstrated as a new class of templates for nanoparticles. Photodecomposition of the [Pd(η3‐C3H5)(η5‐C5H5)]@COF‐102 inclusion compound (synthesized by a gas‐phase infiltration method) led to the formation of the Pd@COF‐102 hybrid material. Advanced electron microscopy techniques (including high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography) along with other conventional characterization techniques unambiguously showed that highly monodisperse Pd nanoparticles ((2.4±0.5) nm) were evenly distributed inside the COF‐102 framework. The Pd@COF‐102 hybrid material is a rare example of a metal‐nanoparticle‐loaded porous crystalline material with a very narrow size distribution without any larger agglomerates even at high loadings (30 wt %). Two samples with moderate Pd content (3.5 and 9.5 wt %) were used to study the hydrogen storage properties of the metal‐decorated COF surface. The uptakes at room temperature from these samples were higher than those of similar systems such as Pd@metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The studies show that the H2 capacities were enhanced by a factor of 2–3 through Pd impregnation on COF‐102 at room temperature and 20 bar. This remarkable enhancement is not just due to Pd hydride formation and can be mainly ascribed to hydrogenation of residual organic compounds, such as bicyclopentadiene. The significantly higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity that comes from decomposed products of the employed organometallic Pd precursor suggests that this discovery may be relevant to the discussion of the spillover phenomenon in metal/MOFs and related systems.
Liquid degassing using mono‐dispersed and poly‐dispersed micron droplets
Authors: Ji Yiming , Xu Zhenghe , Tan Zhongchao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLiquid degassing using mono‐dispersed and poly‐dispersed micron droplets (148.6 and 264.8 µm) falling in an inert gas was studied experimentally and analytically in a laboratory setting. The system using poly‐dispersed droplets revealed an upper degassing limit of 93% when the inert gas to liquid flow ratio was above 15 and a fog‐type nozzle was used. Linear correlations of the Sherwood number to the Peclet number were derived for both systems of medium Reynolds numbers (10–100). The correlation for the mono‐dispersed droplets agreed well with the steady state mass transfer correlations that are available in literature, especially at small Peclet number situations. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Recent Advances in Biochar Applications in Agricultural Soils: Benefits and Environmental Implications
Authors: Xu Gang , Lv Yingchun , Sun Junna , Shao Hongbo , Wei Linlin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBiochar, a by‐product of biomass pyrolysis, has been suggested as a mean to combat climate change, and at the same time to achieve agricultural and environmental benefits. As one possible source of the components with high aromatic structure in soil humus, biochar is of great importance in increasing soil carbon storage and improving soil nutrient retention and nutrient availability, and in maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem. This paper briefly reviewed and synthesized recent findings and discussions regarding the production and characteristics of biochar, its effects on global climate change and particularly in relation to the environmental effects of biochar in soils. Agronomic benefits of biochar application are critically highlighted because researches show that biochar had varied effects on crop productivity thorough the different bio‐physical interactions between the biochar and the soils, which are deserved for further investigations. Potential pitfalls and knowledge gaps were briefly discussed on the environmental behavior and the effects of biochar in agricultural ecosystem.
Heterogeneity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the mouse revealed by molecular phenotyping
Authors: Karnas Diana , Mordel Jérôme , Bonnet Delphine , Pévet Paul , Hicks David , Meissl Hilmar 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) types can be distinguished by their dendritic tree stratification and intensity of melanopsin staining. We identified heavily stained melanopsin‐positive M1 cells branching in the outermost part of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and weakly melanopsin‐positive M2 cells branching in the innermost layer of the IPL. A third type can be distinguished by the displacement of the soma to the inner nuclear layer and has morphological similarities with either M1 cells or M2 cells, and is termed here displaced or M‐d cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the phenotypic traits of ipRGC types. Using whole retinae from adult mice, we performed immunohistochemistry using melanopsin immunostaining and a number of antibodies directed against proteins typically expressed in retinal ganglion cells. The majority of M1 and M2 ipRGCs expressed Isl‐1, microtubule associated protein‐2 (MAP2), γ‐synuclein, and NeuN, whereas Brn3 transcription factor and the different neurofilaments (NF68, NF160, NF200) were able to discriminate between ipRGC subtypes. Brn3 was expressed preferentially in M2 cells and in a small subpopulation of weakly melanopsin‐positive M‐d cells with similarities to M2 cells. All three neurofilaments were primarily expressed in large M2 cells with similarities to the recently described alpha‐like M4 cells, but not in M1 cells. Expression of NF68 and NF160 was also observed in a few large M‐d ipRGCs. These findings show that ipRGCs are not a phenotypically homogenous population and that specific neuronal markers (Brn3 and neurofilament) can partly distinguish between different ipRGC subtypes. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:912–932, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the gymnotiform fish brain and its implications for the organization of the teleost pallium
Authors: Harvey‐Girard Erik , Giassi Ana C.C. , Ellis William , Maler Leonard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) are widely distributed in the brains of many vertebrates, but whether their functions are conserved is unknown. The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Apt), has been well studied for its brain structure, behavior, sensory processing, and learning and memory. It therefore offers an attractive model for comparative studies of CB1R functions. We sequenced partial AptCB1R mRNAs and performed in situ hybridization to localize its expression. Partial AptCB1R protein sequence was highly conserved to zebrafish (90.7%) and mouse (81.9%) orthologs. AptCB1R mRNA was highly expressed in the telencephalon. Subpallial neurons (dorsal, central, intermediate regions and part of the ventral region, Vd/Vc/Vi, and Vv) expressed high levels of AptCB1R transcript. The central region of dorsocentral telencephalon (DCcore) strongly expressed CB1R mRNA; cells in DCcore project to midbrain regions involved in electrosensory/visual function. The lateral and rostral regions of DC surrounding DCcore (DCshell) lack AptCB1R mRNA. The rostral division of the dorsomedial telencephalon (DM1) highly expresses AptCB1R mRNA. In dorsolateral division (DL) AptCB1R mRNA was expressed in a gradient that declined in a rostrocaudal manner. In diencephalon, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly stained the central‐posterior (CP) and prepacemaker (PPn) nuclei. In mesencephalon, AptCB1R mRNA is expressed in deep layers of the dorsal (electrosensory) torus semicircularis (TSd). In hindbrain, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly labeled inhibitory interneurons in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). Unlike mammals, only few cerebellar granule cells expressed AptCB1R transcripts and these were located in the center of eminentia granularis pars posterior (EGp), a cerebellar region involved in feedback to ELL. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:949–975, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrothermal conversion of ZnO2 to ZnO flowers: A mechanistic investigation and characterization
Authors: Chithaiah P. , Ashoka S. , Thipperudraiah K. V. , Chandrappa G. T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this article, we report a novel but simple method for the phase transformation of ZnO2 to flower‐like ZnO microstructures hydrothermally at 90 °C with and without the assistance of hexadecylamine as surfactant. The generation of zincate ion ZnO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$^{2-}_{2}$\end{document} as a growth unit from the reaction between ZnO2 and peroxide ion O\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$^{2-}_{2}$\end{document} in situ plays a key role in the phase transformation of ZnO2 to ZnO. The morphology, structure, and composition of the products have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). It has been demonstrated that the as‐fabricated ZnO flowers are composed of self‐assembled brooms and rods in the presence and absence of hexadecylamine respectively. On the basis of experimental results, a possible reaction mechanism and the growth processes involved in the formation of flower‐like ZnO microstructures are discussed.
Fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing for characterizing the impacts of vegetation coverage on thermal patterns in woodlands
Authors: Krause S. , Taylor S. L. , Weatherill J. , Haffenden A. , Levy A. , Cassidy N. J. , Thomas P. A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first application of fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS) for analysing the impact of spatially heterogeneous vegetation patterns on the thermal conditions of an ecosystem. It analyses the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of canopy and ground temperatures at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution to showcase the potential as well as limitations of the FO‐DTS technology for ecohydrological applications. By using the partial rhododendron coverage of a deciduous UK woodland as a model system, FO‐DTS surveys were carried out to demonstrate the detection of different dynamic thermal patterns in the presence/absence of rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L).The high‐resolution temperature measurements of this study provide strong evidence for the moderating impact of rhododendron coverage on air, ground and soil temperatures in forest ecosystems, which has important implications for ecological and biogeochemical process dynamics.The results successfully demonstrate the significant potential of FO‐DTS for high‐resolution, spatially detailed, transient temperature monitoring in forest environments. The survey performance and its very efficient signal‐to‐noise ratio proves the capability of FO‐DTS networks to provide highly accurate information on temporal dynamics in spatial temperature patterns with great prospect for substantially improving spatial coverage and sensitivity of temperature observations in a range of ecological applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reduction of Sterically Hindered o‐Quinone and o‐Iminoquinone with Gallium and “GaI”
Authors: Piskunov Alexandr V. , Maleeva Arina V. , Mescheryakova Irina N. , Fukin Georgii K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMetallic gallium reacts with 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone (3,6‐Q) in THF to produce a gallium tris‐o‐semiquinolate complex, whereas the same interaction with 4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐o‐iminobenzoquinone (imQ) does not proceed. The reduction of imQ is possible with amalgamed gallium in THF and produces a gallium complex that contains two o‐iminobenzoquinone ligands in different redox states. In the case of 3,6‐Q, the analogous reaction leads to dimeric derivative [Cat2Ga(Et2O)2][CatGa] (in which Cat is the dianion of 3,6‐Q). The structure of this compound was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The gallium(III) amidophenolate derivative can only be obtained by exchange reaction of APNa2 with GaI3 (in which AP is the dianion of imQ). The reduction of 3,6‐Q and imQ with “GaI” results in the formation of corresponding compounds that contain redox‐active ligands in the dianionic state. The structure of [AP2Ga][GaI2] was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Metal‐Doped Mesoporous Materials from (Dicyanamido)metallate Precursors
Authors: Paraknowitsch Jens Peter , Sukhbat Oyunbileg , Zhang Yuanjian , Thomas Arne 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMetal‐doped mesoporous composites were synthesised by using a facile one‐pot sol–gel approach. Special multifunctional surfactants were designed and used simultaneously as structure‐directing agents, N‐doped carbon source and metal dopant. This versatile profile of properties is obtained by combining complex metallate anions carrying dicyanamide ions as ligands with nitrogen‐containing amphiphilic counteranions. Furthermore, also the use of nonamphiphilic countercations yields interesting precursors that can be converted into carbon materials with submicron‐sized morphologies by simple annealing. We therefore present herein a novel precursor system enabling immediate pathways to new materials that are of significant interest for sustainable catalysis and energy applications.