bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Historic Origins of Military and Veteran Mental Health Stigma and the Stress Injury Model as a Means to Reduce It
Authors: Nash William P. , Silva Caroline , Litz Brett 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Restate the historic origins of mental health stigma in the military.

2.
List the causes of glutamate neuron apoptosis or necrosis that have been documented in preclinical studies, which also may be relevant to clinical mental disorders in service members and veterans.

3.
Explain how stigma may be reduced by conceiving of severe, persistent distress, or functional impairment as literal injuries to the brain and mind.
Orbscan II Anterior Elevation Changes Following Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Treatment for Keratoconus
Authors: Tu Kyaw Lin , Aslanides Ioannis M. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To analyze anterior corneal elevation changes on Orbscan II following corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 8 patients (14 eyes) with keratoconus who underwent CXL, with a mean follow-up of 7 months (range: 5 to 10 months). Pre- and postoperative (at last clinic attendance) anterior elevation difference maps were examined for overall patterns of change. On preoperative maps, distances from maximum anterior elevation to pupil center and to topographic geometric center were compared between the two patterns identified. Pre- and postoperative topography, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and refraction were also compared between the two patterns.

Results:

Two patterns of anterior elevation change were visually identified: 1) paracentral steepening, no change, or flattening centrally; and 2) central steepening. The preoperative maps of eyes that manifested pattern 1 had shorter mean distances for maximum anterior elevation to pupil center (1.70 vs 2.27 mm) and maximum anterior elevation to geometric center (1.45 vs 1.99 mm) than those that resulted in pattern 2. Mean maximum topographic simulated keratometry decreased (
P
=.004) and mean irregularity indices at 3 mm (
P
=.03) and 5 mm (
P
=.04) were reduced postoperatively in pattern 1 eyes; all increased in pattern 2 eyes. Mean BSCVA improved postoperatively for both patterns. Mean preoperative myopia decreased in pattern 1 eyes by 0.44 diopters (D), whereas it increased for pattern 2 eyes by 1.83 D.

Conclusions:

Corneal shape change influenced by anisotropy of collagen distribution is a factor in the outcome of CXL treatment for keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:715–722.]
Epithelial Removal and Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Residual Refractive Error Following LASIK in Eyes With Corneal Epithelial Basement Membrane Degeneration
Authors: Faktorovich Ella G. , Nosova Emily 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of epithelial removal followed by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for reducing residual refractive error in eyes with corneal epithelial basement membrane degeneration after LASIK.

Methods:
Eight eyes of four patients with residual refractive error and signs of epithelial basement membrane degeneration after LASIK were followed until their refractive error stabilized. Epithelium was debrided and PTK performed. Refractive error and visual acuity outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
In the six eyes that underwent LASIK for myopic astigmatism, mean spherical equivalent refraction after LASIK was −1.75±0.62 diopters (D) and mean astigmatism was +0.75±0.59 D. After PTK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.33±0.35 D and mean astigmatism was +0.50±0.27 D. Mean logMAR uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved from 0.39±0.31 before PTK to 0.03±0.05 after PTK. Mean Snellen UCVA improved from 20/50 before PTK to 20/20 after PTK. In two eyes that underwent LASIK for hyperopic astigmatism, mean spherical equivalent refraction after LASIK was +4.38±0.35 D and mean astigmatism was +3.25 D. After PTK, mean spherical equivalent refraction decreased to +1.56±0.44 D and mean astigmatism decreased to +2.13±0.53 D. Mean logMAR UCVA improved from 0.24 to 0.14. Mean Snellen UCVA improved from 20/35 to 20/27.

Conclusions:

In eyes with epithelial basement membrane degeneration and refractive error after LASIK, epithelial removal followed by PTK may reduce refractive error, both myopic and hyperopic, bringing it close to emmetropia and avoiding the need for traditional stromal enhancement. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:723–729.]
Effects of White-to-White Diameter and Anterior Chamber Depth on Implantable Collamer Lens Vault and Visual Outcome
Authors: Seo Je Hyun , Kim Mee Kum , Wee Won Ryang , Lee Jin Hak 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) diameter on vault in eyes with implantable collamer lenses (ICL V4, STAAR Surgical AG) and to evaluate the effect of vault on visual outcomes and other biometric changes.

Methods:
Twenty-eight eyes of 16 patients who underwent ICL implantation were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups (A1, A2) according to preoperative ACD (⩾3.3 mm and <3.3 mm, respectively), two groups (B1, B2) based on WTW diameter (⩾11.55 mm and <11.55 mm, respectively), and two groups (C1, C2) according to the difference of ICL diameter and sulcus length (⩾0.25 mm and <0.25 mm, respectively). Vault, endothelial cell density, and visual performance were compared between each set of groups. Correlations of vault with WTW diameter, ACD, and diametric difference of the ICL from the sulcus were analyzed.

Results:

The high ACD and WTW groups showed significantly higher vaults (0.59±0.32 mm and 0.57±0.36 mm, respectively) than the low ACD and WTW groups (0.26±0.17 mm and 0.25±0.14 mm, respectively;
P
=.01 and .01), whereas the differences of diameter between the sulcus and ICL were not related to significant vault differences. The WTW diameter was correlated more closely to the vault than the ACD or sulcus diameter (r=0.70,
P
<.001), whereas the vault difference did not affect visual quality or endothelial cell density.

Conclusions:

A high WTW diameter or ACD is likely to render a high vault, regardless of any difference in the ICL and sulcus diameters. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:730–738.]
Caring for Hospitalized Adults With Opioid Use Disorder in the Era of Fentanyl
Authors: Englander Honora , Thakrar Ashish P. , Bagley Sarah M. , Rolley Theresa , Dong Kathryn , Hyshka Elaine 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceThe rise of fentanyl and other high-potency synthetic opioids across US and Canada has been associated with increasing hospitalizations and unprecedented overdose deaths. Hospitalization is a critical touchpoint to engage patients and offer life-saving opioid use disorder (OUD) care when admitted for OUD or other medical conditions.ObservationsClinical best practices include managing acute withdrawal and pain, initiating medication for OUD, integrating harm reduction principles and practices, addressing in-hospital substance use, and supporting hospital-to-community care transitions. Fentanyl complicates hospital OUD care. Fentanyl’s high potency intensifies pain, withdrawal, and cravings and increases the risk for overdose and other harms. Fentanyl’s unique pharmacology has rendered traditional techniques for managing opioid withdrawal and initiating buprenorphine and methadone inadequate for some patients, necessitating novel strategies. Further, co-use of opioids with stimulants drugs is common, and the opioid supply is unpredictable and can be contaminated with benzodiazepines, xylazine, and other substances. To address these challenges, clinicians are increasingly relying on emerging practices, such as low-dose buprenorphine initiation with opioid continuation, rapid methadone titration, and the use of alternative opioid agonists. Hospitals must also reconsider conventional approaches to in-hospital substance use and expand clinicians’ understanding and embrace of harm reduction, which is a philosophy and set of practical strategies that supports people who use drugs to be safer and healthier without judgment, coercion, or discrimination. Hospital-to-community care transitions should ensure uninterrupted access to OUD care after discharge, which requires special consideration and coordination. Finally, improving hospital-based addiction care requires dedicated infrastructure and expertise. Preparing hospitals across the US and Canada to deliver OUD best practices requires investments in clinical champions, staff education, leadership commitment, community partnerships, quality metrics, and financing.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this review indicate that fentanyl creates increased urgency and new challenges for hospital OUD care. Hospital clinicians and systems have a central role in addressing the current drug crisis.
National Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Use in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Amboree Trisha L. , Montealegre Jane R. , Parker Susan L. , Garg Ashvita , Damgacioglu Haluk , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Sonawane Kalyani , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Adsul Prajakta 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceFederally qualified health centers (FQHCs) deliver health care to nearly 30 million underserved persons across the US, yet nationwide and state-level breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening use in FQHCs is not described. Furthermore, it is unknown how the underscreened FQHC population contributes to the total underscreened population at national and state levels.ObjectiveTo describe national- and state-level breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening use among individuals served by FQHCs in the US and to estimate the percentage of underscreened individuals in the general population served by FQHCs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional analysis of cancer screening used data from January 1 through December 31, 2020, from the FQHC Uniform Data System, reported by 1364 FQHCs across the US, and self-reported estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants were 16 696 692 US adults served by FQHCs who were eligible for breast (age, 50-74 years), cervical (age, 21-64 years), and colorectal (age, 50-75 years) cancer screening. Analyses were conducted between January 1 and June 30, 2023.ExposuresBreast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPercentages of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening-eligible individuals up to date on screening.ResultsA total of 3 162 882 breast, 7 444 465 cervical, and 6 089 345 colorectal screening–eligible individuals were served by FQHCs in 2020. Nationally, screening use in FQHCs was 45.4% (95% CI, 45.4%-45.5%) for breast cancer, 51.0% (95% CI, 51.0%-51.1%) for cervical cancer, and 40.2% (95% CI, 40.1%-40.2%) for colorectal cancer. Screening use among the US general population was 78.2% (95% CI, 77.6%-78.9%) for breast cancer, 82.9% (95% CI, 82.3%-83.4%) for cervical cancer, and 72.3% (95% CI, 71.7%-72.8%) for colorectal cancer. The contribution of the underscreened population served by FQHCs to the national underscreened general population was 16.9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 16.4%-17.4%) for breast cancer, 29.7% (95% UI, 28.8%-30.7%) for cervical cancer, and 14.7% (95% UI, 14.4%-15.0%) for colorectal cancer.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this national cross-sectional study indicated major gaps in cancer screening use in FQHCs in the US. Improved prevention is urgently needed to address screening disparities.
Caring Letters Sent by a Clinician or Peer to At-Risk Veterans
Authors: Reger Mark A. , Legler Aaron , Lauver MaryGrace , Tenso Kertu , Manchester Caitlin , Griffin Cameron , Strombotne Kiersten L. , Landes Sara J. , Porter Shelan , Bourgeois Jolie E. , Garrido Melissa M. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceCaring letters is an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention in acute care settings, but its outcomes among individuals who contact a national crisis line have not previously been evaluated.ObjectiveTo examine the outcomes of the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) caring letters intervention and determine whether there are differences in outcomes by signatory.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis parallel randomized clinical trial compared signatories of caring letters and used an observational design to compare no receipt of caring letters with any caring letters receipt. Participants included veterans who contacted the VCL. Enrollment occurred between June 11, 2020, and June 10, 2021, with 1 year of follow-up. Analyses were completed between July 2022 and August 2023.InterventionVeterans were randomized to receive 9 caring letters for 1 year from either a clinician or peer veteran signatory.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was suicide attempt incidence in the 12 months following the index VCL contact. Incidence of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient, outpatient, and emergency health care use were secondary outcomes. All-cause mortality was an exploratory outcome. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and χ2 tests were used to assess the differences in outcomes among the treatment and comparison groups.ResultsA total of 102 709 veterans (86 942 males [84.65%]; 15 737 females [15.32%]; mean [SD] age, 53.82 [17.35] years) contacted the VCL and were randomized. No association was found among signatory and suicide attempts, secondary outcomes, or all-cause mortality. In the analysis of any receipt of caring letters, there was no evidence of an association between caring letters receipt and suicide attempt incidence. Caring letters receipt was associated with increased VHA health care use (any outpatient: hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.13; outpatient mental health: HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.17-1.22; any inpatient: HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.18; inpatient mental health: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21). Caring letters receipt was not associated with all-cause mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong VHA patients who contacted the VCL, caring letters were not associated with suicide attempts, but were associated with a higher probability of health care use. No differences in outcomes were identified by signatory.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN27551361
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in a Contemporary Cohort of At-Risk Patients
Authors: Daher Darine , Seif El Dahan Karim , Rich Nicole E. , Tayob Nabihah , Merrill Vincent , Huang Daniel Q. , Yang Ju Dong , Kulkarni Anand V. , Kanwal Fasiha , Marrero Jorge , Parikh Neehar , Singal Amit G. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceCohort studies demonstrating an association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening with reduced mortality are prone to lead-time and length-time biases.ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical benefits of HCC screening, adjusting for lead-time and length-time biases, in a diverse, contemporary cohort of at-risk patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of patients with HCC was conducted between January 2008 and December 2022 at 2 large US health systems. Data analysis was performed from September to November 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was screen-detected HCC, defined by abnormal screening-intent abdominal imaging or α-fetoprotein level within 6 months before diagnosis. Cox regression analysis was used to characterize differences in overall survival between patients with screen-detected and non–screen-detected HCC; lead-time and length-time adjustments were calculated using the Duffy parametric formula.ResultsAmong 1313 patients with HCC (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [9.6] years; 993 male [75.6%]; 739 [56.3%] with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A disease), HCC was screen-detected in 556 (42.3%) and non–screen detected in 757 (57.7%). Patients with screen-detected HCC had higher proportions of early-stage HCC (393 patients [70.7%] vs 346 patients [45.7%]; risk ratio [RR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.41-1.70) and curative treatment receipt (283 patients [51.1%] vs 252 patients [33.5%]; RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.34-1.74) compared with patients with non–screen-detected HCC. The screen-detected group had significantly lower mortality, which persisted after correcting for lead-time bias (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.87) in fully adjusted models. Both groups had similar tumor doubling times (median [IQR], 3.8 [2.2-10.7] vs 5.6 [1.7-11.4] months) and proportions of indolent tumors (28 patients [35.4%] vs 24 patients [38.1%]; RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.60-1.43). Adjustment for length-time bias decreased survival estimates, although 3-year and 5-year survival for patients with screen-detected HCC remained longer than that for patients with non–screen-detected HCC.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that HCC screening is associated with reduced mortality even after accounting for lead-time and length-time biases. However, these biases should be considered in future studies.
Eyewitness confidence in the interviewing context: Understanding the impact of question type and order
Authors: Caso Alessandra , Gabbert Fiona , Dando Coral J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe relationship between confidence and accuracy and the reliability of eyewitness identifications has attracted a lot of attention. In contrast, relatively little is known about the relationship between eyewitness confidence and the accuracy of recall memory in interview contexts. Here, we manipulated questioning approaches to investigate the impact of Free‐Recall and Cued‐Recall questions, whereby the latter were witness‐compatible (questions concerning details reported in the preceding Free‐Recall) or witness‐incompatible questions. We also manipulated the order these questions were asked. A sample of 124 mock witness participants watched a crime‐video and subsequently recalled the event to understand the impact of question type and order on confidence‐accuracy calibration. Our results show that a Free‐Recall invitation and compatible (compared to incompatible) questions promoted more stable confidence. Compatible questions yielded fewer errors, more accurate details, and promoted more reliable confidence‐accuracy calibration and discrimination, especially when they preceded the incompatible questions. Implications are discussed.
Event‐triggered adaptive neural‐network control of nonlinear MIMO systems
Authors: Yu Yuelei , Bi Wenshan , Sui Shuai , Chen C. L. Philip 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis article investigates an adaptive neural networks (NNs) tracking control design issue for nonlinear multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) systems involving the sensor‐to‐controller event‐triggered mechanism (ETM). In the design, NNs are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. A sensor‐to‐controller ETM is designed to save unnecessary transmission and communication resources. Subsequently, a first‐order filter technique is presented to solve the problem that the virtual control function is not differentiable. Furthermore, an event‐triggered adaptive NNs control strategy is presented by constructing Lyapunov functions and using adaptive backstepping recursive design. It is demonstrated that the presented scheme can ensure the whole closed‐loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded without exhibiting the Zeno behavior. Finally, a numerical simulation example confirms the effectiveness of the presented adaptive event‐triggered control (ETC) approach.
A Trifunctional Hydroxylated Borophene‐Mediated MXene Enabled Super‐Stable and Fast‐Kinetics Interface Storage
Authors: Yong Bo , Wang Yanyi , Zhao Hang , Wang Ting , Zhu Jianhui , Tai Jie , Ma Dingtao , Sun Shichang , Mi Hongwei , He Tingshu , Zhang Peixin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high electronic conductivity and tailorable structural properties of MXene materials make them promising candidates for energy storage. However, their poor chemical instability and self‐stacking effect greatly limit their application, especially in aqueous systems. Here, using a eutectic etching approach, hydroxylated borophene is used as a trifunctional mediator to construct robust Ti3C2Tx‐based MXene/B self‐assembled film electrodes for zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs). Due to this mediator, the as‐formed strong interfacial binding within the heterostructure can give rise to an integrated modification effect and promote high‐efficiency interface energy storage. One is to strengthen the thermodynamic stability of local Ti─O bonds and inhibit the irreversible degradation of MXene; two is to enlarge the interface space of the MXene electrode and boost the ion transport; three is to improve the interfacial Zn2+ trapping ability without affecting Zn2+ migration on the MXene surface. Thus, the MXene/B electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance (537.9 mF cm−2) at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and an extraordinary cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2, with 99.64% retention after 40 000 cycles, which far surpasses that of most previous reports. This work provides a pathway for overcoming the interface storage limit of MXene electrodes to construct high‐performance ZICs.
Photo‐Arbuzov Reactions as a Broadly Applicable Surface Modification Strategy
Authors: Plank Martina , Berardi Anthony , Welle Alexander , Sauter Eric , Krolla Peter , Haret Cristian , Koenig Meike , Stahlberger Mareen , Hassan Zahid , Oßwald Simon , Bräse Stefan , Lahann Joerg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization is a commonly used approach in surface chemistry, providing a substrate‐independent platform for bioactive surface functionalization strategies. This work investigates the Arbuzov reaction of halogenated polymer coatings readily available via CVD polymerization, using poly(4‐chloro‐para‐xylylene) (Parylene C) as a model substance. Postpolymerization modification of these coatings via catalyst‐free and UV‐induced Arbuzov reaction using phosphites results in phosphonate‐functionalized polymers. The combination of infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) provides detailed insights into the reaction progress. Time‐dependent studies suggest that the non‐polar phosphites penetrate deep into the CVD films and react with the polymer film. In addition, ToF‐SIMS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm spatial control of the reaction, resulting in localized chemical and topographical surface modification, recognizable by changes in interference color, fluorescence, and wettability. Preliminary 3D fluorescence spectroscopy investigations indicate tunable near‐infrared emission of these polymer films. This work is the first step toward generating multifunctional polymer coatings based on chemically modifiable, CVD polymers with potential applications in biomaterials, sensors, or optoelectronics.