bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DPP4 Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by Regulating the Infiltration and Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Jing Ren , Wu Nan , Wu Yang , Zhang Qian , Liu Jinlin , Zhao Ying , Zeng Shan , Liang Qiankun , Yi Shijian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide, a special immune microenvironment of which is not well characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the key biomarkers that regulate immune cells for the development and recurrence of PTC.
Methods: The expression of immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human PTC was examined by bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets. The CIBERSORT and TIMER tool was used to analyze the distribution of tumor[1]infiltrating immune cells in PTC. Furthermore, DEG expression and function for the infiltration of CD8+ T cells were explored using human PTC specimens.
Results: In this study, we identified DPP4 as a key gene in PTC by differential expression analysis among four GEO datasets and TCGA dataset and validated its overexpression profile by data from the TCGA, HPA databases, WB and PCR analysis. DPP4 upregulation significantly correlated with advanced grades, stages, and poor progression-free survival.Based on TIMER and CIBERSORT analysis, DPP4 expression tightly correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cell types, especially CD8+ T cell subtypes. Compared with benign thyroid tumor, the proportion of CD3+CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of PTC patients was significantly decreased, while the CD3+CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients was increased. The relative expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in the CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients was higher than that in the CD8+DPP4- T cells. In addition, CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients showed the lower expression of IFN-γ and increased expression of IL-13 than that in benign thyroid tumor. The relative expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in CD8+DPP4+ T cells were both lower than that in CD8+DPP4- T cells among PTC and benign thyroid tumor patients.
Conclusion: Our work suggests that the immune-associated DEG DPP4 is upregulated in PTC tissues and is tightly correlated with clinical stages and outcomes and regulates immune infiltration, but in particular involves in CD8+ T cell evasion and exhaustion. These findings may offer a new prospect for targeting CD8+ T cell exhaustion therapies for the treatment of PTC.
Smoking-related gut microbiota alteration is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases: results from two independent cohorts with sibling comparison analyses
Authors: Duan Yiting , Xu Chengquan , Wang Wenjie , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Nuo , Zhong Jieming , Gong Weiwei , Zheng Weifang , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Myers April , Chu Lisa , Lu Ying , Delzell Elizabeth , Hsing Ann W. , Yu Min , He Wei , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals who smoke exhibit lower body mass index (BMI) but face an elevated risk of obesity-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests smoking may influence the composition of the microbiome. Thus, this study aims to investigate this paradox from the perspective of gut microbiota.
Results
Our findings contradict the conventional view that smoking primarily leads to weight loss. We observed a significant positive association between the smoking-related microbiota index and several obesity indicators. Longitudinal analysis revealed that smoking-related microbiota index is linked with an increased risk of diabetes, obesity-related cancers, and cardiovascular complications. Sibling comparison analyses further supported these results, demonstrating the robustness of the associations.
Conclusion
These findings challenge the conventional notion that smoking is merely associated with weight loss, uncovering instead that smoking-related microbiome changes significantly contribute to a higher risk of obesity and an augmented central fat distribution, ultimately leading to a higher risk of obesity-related diseases.
Internet addiction and social support in the association between learning burnout and emotional behavioral problems among returned migrant middle school students: A serial multiple mediations analysis
Authors: Ran Fengjiao , Wu Rong , Luo Yuan , Ren Pengyu , Liu Yu , Luo Xi , Yang Xiantao , Gu Manting , Yan Zheng , Tuo Anxie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to explore emotional behavioral problems (EBP) associated with learning burnout (LB) among returned migrant middle school students. In addition, the mediating mechanism of internet addiction (IA) and social support (SS) in this relationship was investigated. We also verified the chain-mediating effect of IA and SS on the EBP of returned migrant middle school students and LB.
Methods: This study used the sample data collected from the "Health Status Survey of Middle School Students in Guizhou Province, China" conducted by the research group. The baseline survey of 36 secondary schools from December 2021 to January 2022 in Guizhou Provine, China. Based on this sample data, middle school students who met the following conditions were selected as study subjects. 2020 returned migrant secondary school students were finally obtained as the subjects of this study. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Adolescent Student Burnout Scale (ASBI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Social Support Scale (SSS) were used to assess EBP, LB, IA, and SS among returned migrant secondary school students. Serial multiple mediation analysis and the bootstrap method were used to investigate the mediation effects of IA and SS (PROCESS model 6).
Results: Prevalence of EBP was classified in the abnormal (11.9%) or borderline (17.1%) categories based on the total difficulties scores among returned migrant middle school students. A serial multiple mediation model was generated. The mediation effect of IA and SS on the pathway from LB to EBP was 32.03% (direct effect=0.243, total indirect effect=0.115). The association between LB and SS was partially mediated by IA (direct effect=-0.117, indirect effect=-0.635). The proposed model fits the data well.
Conclusion: This study found that lower IA and higher SS can effectively reduce EBP caused by LB among returned migrant middle school students. It is suggested that parents, schools, and government departments pay attention to IA and SS problems caused by LB in returned migrant middle school students, and prevent and avoid EBP. Returned migrant middle school students should take the initiative to identify the factors that harm their physical and mental health for self-regulation, and establish reliable SS, rather than meet psychological needs through IA, to reduce the occurrence of EBP.
A Lumped Parameter Modelling Study of Cerebral Autoregulation in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Does the Brain choose to be Ischemic?
Authors: Bateman Grant Alexander , Bateman Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
It is well known that normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is associated with a reduction in cerebral blood flow and, therefore, a relatively ischemic metabolic state. It would be expected that ischemia should exhaust the available autoregulation in an attempt to correct the metabolic imbalance. However, there is some evidence to suggest that although blunted, there is retained autoregulation reserve in NPH. The aim of this study is to model the cerebral autoregulation in NPH to discover a solution to this apparent paradox.
Methods
A lumped parameter model was developed utilizing the known limits of autoregulation in man obtained from the literature. The model was tested by predicting the cerebral blood volume changes which would be brought about by the changes in the resistance for each segment modeled. NPH and the post shunt state were then modeled using the known constraints provided from the literature.
Results
The model successfully predicted the cerebral blood volume changes brought about by both increasing and decreasing the cerebral perfusion pressure to the limit of autoregulation. The model suggests that NPH is associated with a balanced increase in resistance within the arterial and venous outflow segments. The arterial segment resistance decreases following shunt insertion, indicating a retained autoregulation reserve existed pre-shunt insertion.
Conclusions
The model suggests that the cerebral blood flow is actively limited in NPH by arteriolar constriction. This may occur to minimize the rise in ICP by reducing the apparent CSF formation rate.
Assessment of temporal variations in growth and reproductive dynamics of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816), in Gawadar, Balochistan
Authors: Siddique Zainab , Saddozai Shagufta , Khanoranga  ,   Wali Mohamed Achakzai2, Khalid Sofia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The study examined the growth and reproductive characteristics of Rastrelliger kanagurta, a commercially sold fish in Gawadar, Balochistan. A total of 600 samples were collected from 2017 to 2019. The growth, reproductive characteristics, and wellbeing were assessed using length-weight relationship, fecundity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and condition factors. Water quality parameters were assessed to estimate temporal variations in the quality of water inhabiting R. kanagurta. The results of LWR indicated that fish showed positive allometric growth (b<3) in both years of study. The mean Fulton’s condition factor (kc) ranged from 1 to 1.33 (2017–2018) and from 1 to 1.34 (2018–2019), while the relative condition factor (kn) was equal to 1 during the study period. The mean fecundity was 51450.4 eggs (2017–2018) and 46671.1 eggs (2018–2019). The highest fecundity was seen in June and July, while the lowest fecundity was observed in February. The GSI values ranged from 2-31 to 12.87 (2017-2018) and from 1.03 to 9.47 (2018-2019), with two spawning seasons: the first occurs from March to August, and the second takes place from August to October, respectively. The analyzed water quality parameters expect DO were in the range acquired for the better growth of fish. A positive correlation was observed between fecundity, body length, weight, ovary weight, and water quality parameters. Temporal variations in the studied parameters were statistically non-significant (p<0.05) except temperature and DO. The conditional factors were greater than the well-being value of one. The results concluded that R. kanagurta had good habitat adaptation.
Avaliação das fibras e elementos de vasos de espécies florestais nativas do cerrado
Authors: Ribeiro Eliane Alves , Gouvêa Adriana de Fátima Gomes , Ribeiro Odair Alves , Zenteno Filho Arnaldo Ramão , Urbano Edilson , Souza Armando Cirilo de 
Published: May 2024

A anatomia da madeira é uma ferramenta muito importante para o estudo das florestas tropicais, possibilitando a identificação das espécies pelo seu lenho através de caracteres anatômicos, como por exemplo, as fibras e os elementos de vasos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros morfológicos da madeira de treze espécies nativas do Cerrado visando identificar possíveis relações entre espécies estudadas. O material de estudo foram tábuas de madeira contendo apenas a parte do cerne e árvores provenientes de queda natural (vento). Foram determinadas a densidade básica e os parâmetros morfológicos de: comprimento, largura, diâmetro do lume e espessura da parede e comprimento das fibras, diâmetro do elemento de vaso e presença ou ausência de apêndices. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 25 repetições para os parâmetros morfológicos e 3 repetições para densidade básica. As médias foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey a 5% de significância no programa R Studio. Pôde-se concluir que, com base nos parâmetros morfológicos que as dimensões das fibras variaram muito pouco para a maioria das espécies avaliadas não sendo possível identificar relações entre as espécies da mesma família ou de famílias diferentes. Entretanto é possível que esses valores possam ajudar na diferenciação das famílias. Os elementos de vasos apresentaram valores próximos de comprimento médio para a família Fabaceae, entretanto característica como a presença ou ausência de apêndice pode servir como um parâmetro conclusivo para a identificação.
A parallel multi-objective optimization based on adaptive surrogate model for combined operation of multiple hydraulic facilities in water diversion project
Authors: Liu Xiaolian , Liu Zirong , Hou Xiaopeng , Tian Yu , Wang Xueni , Zhang Leike , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In a complex pressurized water diversion project (WDP), the combined optimal operation of multiple hydraulic facilities is computationally expensive owing to the requirement of massive mathematical simulation model runs. A parallel multi-objective optimization based on adaptive surrogate model (PMO-ASMO) was proposed in this study to alleviate the computational burden while maintaining its effectiveness. At the simulation level, an adaptive surrogate model was established, while a parallel non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (PNSGA-II) was utilized at the optimization level. Taking the successive shutdown of pumps as the operating process, the PMO-ASMO was applied to a complex pressurized diversion section of the Jiaodong WDP in China, and the results were compared with those obtained by NSGA-II and PNSGA-II. The results showed that the time consumption of PMO-ASMO was only 9.97% of that acquired by NSGA-II, which was comparable to that of PNSGA-II, in the case of 10-core parallelism. Moreover, compared with PNSGA-II, PMO-ASMO could find the optimal and stable Pareto front with the same number of simulation model runs, or even fewer runs. These results validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the PMO-ASMO. Therefore, the proposed framework based on multi-objective optimization is efficient for combined optimal operation of multiple hydraulic facilities.
Optimal conditions and nitrogen removal performance of aerobic denitrifier Comamonas sp. pw-6 and its bioaugmented application in synthetic domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Chen Maoxia X. , Li Yanjun J. , Wu Liang , Lv Xiaoyu Y. , Li Yang , Ru Jing , Yi Yan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
To assess the possibility of using aerobic denitrification (AD) bacteria with high NO2−-N accumulation for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, conditional optimization, as well as sole and mixed nitrogen source tests involving AD bacterium, Comamonas sp. pw-6 was performed. The results showed that the optimal carbon source, pH, C/N ratio, rotational speed, and salinity for this strain were determined to be succinate, 7, 20, 160 rpm, and 0%, respectively. Further, this strain preferentially utilized NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and NO2−-N, and when NO3−-N was its sole nitrogen source, 92.28% of the NO3−-N (150 mg·L−1) was converted to NO2−-N. However, when NH4+-N and NO3−-N constituted the mixed nitrogen source, NO3−-N utilization by this strain was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, a strategy was proposed to combine pw-6 bacteria with traditional autotrophic nitrification to achieve the application of pw-6 bacteria in NH4+-N-containing wastewater treatment. Bioaugmented application experiments showed significantly higher NH4+-N removal (5.96 ± 0.94 mg·L−1·h−1) and lower NO3−-N accumulation (2.52 ± 0.18 mg·L−1·h−1) rates (p &lt; 0.05) than those observed for the control test. Thus, AD bacteria with high NO2−-N accumulation can also be used for practical applications, providing a basis for expanding the selection range of AD strains for wastewater treatment.
Enhancing membrane bioreactors for dairy effluent treatment with a mixed mobile bed application
Authors: Gavlak Guilherme , Vidal Carlos Magno de Sousa , Souza Kely Viviane de 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of incorporating a mobile bed into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system on the treatment efficiency of dairy industry effluents. Initially, a conventional MBR system was operated for 60 days, followed by a modification that included a support material and ran for another 60 days under identical conditions. Performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiencies for soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs), phenolic compounds, and oils and greases (OG), alongside measurements of solid content, dissolved oxygen, temperature, mixed liquor pH, and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The introduction of the mobile bed led to an increase in removal efficiencies for COD and phenolic compounds from 94.4 and 92.7% to 98 and 94.4%, respectively, marking statistically significant improvements (p &lt; 0.05), while OG removal remained the same in both strategies (87.7%) (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, the modified system showed a more stable TMP profile, reducing the need for cleaning interventions compared to the conventional system, which experienced a notable TMP increase requiring cleaning at a 0.6 bar threshold. The findings suggest that integrating a mobile bed into MBR systems significantly enhances the treatment of dairy effluents, presenting an interesting solution for the upgrade of this type of system.
Effect of miR-98/IL-6/STAT3 on Autophagy and Apoptosis of Cardiac Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions In vitro
Authors: Li Xueyuan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Guangwei 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The heavy burden of cardiovascular diseases demands innovative therapeutic
strategies dealing with cardiomyocyte loss. Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs) are renewable cells
in the myocardium with differentiation and endocrine functions. However, their functions are significantly
inhibited in conditions of severe hypoxia or inflammation. The mechanism of hypoxia
affecting CSCs is not clear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) appears active in both hypoxic and inflammatory
microenvironments. The aim of this study was to explore whether IL-6 is related to CSC apoptosis
and autophagy under severe hypoxia.

Methods:
In this study, rat CSCs were extracted by alternate digestion. The interaction of miR-98
and IL-6 mRNA was detected by the dual luciferase method, and qPCR was applied to confirm
the effect of miR-98 on IL-6 expression. The effect of IL-6 on CSC apoptosis was measured by
flow cytometry and the effect of IL-6 on CSC autophagy by transmission electron microscopy.
The western blot method was applied to detect the effect of IL-6 on the expressions of proteins related
to apoptosis and autophagy. ANOVA and Dunnett T3's test were employed in the statistical
analysis. When p < 0.05, the difference was significant.

Results:
Under severe hypoxia conditions, IL-6 increased CSC apoptosis and decreased p-STAT3
expression significantly. CSC apoptosis increased significantly after inhibition of the STAT3 signaling
pathway under severe hypoxia. IL-6 could also significantly inhibit CSCs’ autophagy and
block their autophagy flow under severe hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, it was confirmed that
miR-98 had a binding site on IL-6 mRNA and miR-98 significantly inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression
in CSCs under severe hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion:
miR-98/IL-6/STAT3 has been found to be involved in the regulation of CSCs’ apoptosis
and autophagy under severe hypoxic conditions and there might be a mutual linkage between
CSCs’ apoptosis and their autophagy.

result:
Under severe hypoxia conditions, IL-6 increased CSCs’ apoptosis and decreased CSCs’ p-STAT3 expression significantly. CSCs’ apoptosis increased significantly after inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway under severe hypoxia. IL-6 could also significantly inhibit CSCs’ autophagy and block their autophagy flow under severe hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, It was confirmed that miR-98 had a binding site on IL-6 mRNA and miR-98 significantly inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression in CSCs under severe hypoxic conditions.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Modern Probiotics in Addressing Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Comprehensive Exploration, Review and Future Perspectives on Intervention Strategies
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Pathak Rashmi , Biswas Deepak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
The continual deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system
is a major global health problem associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Gut-brain
axis plays a significant role in linking gut microbiota to neurological function. Live microorganisms
that benefit the host's health are called probiotics. These probiotics are increasingly
recognized as beneficial for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review investigates
the impact of probiotics on neurodegenerative disorders, specifically focusing on
conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. According to
studies, probiotics have the power to alter the host's neuroimmune response, lower inflammation,
and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. Studies have indicated a
potential relationship between the stomach and the brain by connecting variations in the
gut microbiota to neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics can influence the gut flora, which
leads to a reduction in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and other pathological processes
linked with these conditions. This review also discusses how probiotics impact the
central nervous system through mechanisms such as altered blood-brain barrier function,
neurotrophic factor regulation, and neurotransmitter production. Based on preclinical and
clinical data, probiotics are also highlighted as an adjunctive or prophylactic treatment for
neurodegenerative diseases. More research is needed to find the exact strains, dosages, and
duration of probiotic therapies required to have the greatest neuroprotective effects, despite
the good results thus far. It is also acknowledged that translating findings from animal
studies to human applications can be challenging. With the ability to reduce the neuropathological
features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, probiotics provide a novel
therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative illnesses.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PARTISIPASI DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS ANGGOTA TIM MOBIL GARUDA UNY
Authors: Indasah Siti Soleha , Sutiman Sutiman 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat partisipasi dalam model pembelajaran Project-based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis anggota Tim Garuda UNY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif ex pot facto, yang dilaksanakan di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari mahasiswa anggota Tim Garuda UNY dan alumninya yang berjumlah 243 orang. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode survei dengan angket, observasi dan studi dokumentasi dengan jumlah sampel 75 orang dan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dan uji regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Project-based Learning Tim Garuda UNY sesuai dengan indikator dan langkah model pembelajaran Project-based Learning. (2) Tingkat partisipasi anggota dalam mengikuti model pembelajaran Project Based Learning di Tim Garuda UNY berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis anggota yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji T pada nilai signifikan 0,000 ˂ 0,05 dan t hitung 10,110 ˃ t tabel 1,993 dengan nilai koefisien determinasi yang didapatkan sebesar 58,3%.Kata Kunci: Partisipasi, Project-based Learning, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis