bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehyrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in endometrial cancer
Authors: Orywal Karolina , Jelski Wojciech , Zdrodowski Michał , Szmitkowski Maciej 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: The metabolism of cancerous cells is in many ways different than in healthy cells. In endometrial cancer, cells exhibit activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which participate in the metabolism of many biological substances. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolism of endometrial cancer cells and normal endometrial cells by measurement of ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activities in these tissues. Methods: The study material consists of cancerous endometrial tissues obtained from 34 patients. Total ADH activity was measured using the photometric method and ALDH activity using the fluorometric method. For the measurement of class I and II ADH isoenzyme activity, we employed the fluorometric method, with class‐specific fluorogenic substrates. The activity of class III and IV ADH was measured using the photometric method. Results: The activity of the class I ADH isoenzyme was significantly higher in the endometrial cancer tissues when compared with normal endometrial tissues. The other classes of ADH tested did not show significant differences between activity of cancerous cells and healthy endometrium. The activity of total ADH was also significantly higher in endometrial cancer. Conclusion: The increased activity of total ADH in endometrial cancer, especially the class I isoenzyme and normal activity of ALDH, may be the cause of disorders in metabolic pathways that use these isoenzymes and could increase the concentration of acetaldehyde, which is cancerogenic substance. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:334–339, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunobiochemical analysis of paraoxonase1 (anti‐oxidant), xanthine oxidase (oxidant) enzymes and lipid profile of cardiac disease patients in Lahore Metropolitan, Pakistan
Authors: Samra Zahoor Qadir , Sana Adeela , Bano Sadia , Farooq Mariam , Dar Nadia , Athar Muhammad Amin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCardiac diseases are the major cause of death. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is known as free radicals scavenger/anti‐atherosclerosis, whereas xanthine oxidase (XO) is a free radicals generator. This study was undertaken to determine and compare the Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 enzyme and activity of XO enzyme. The concentration of XO and PON1 enzymes along with lipid profile, lipid peroxides, and thiol level in plasma of cardiac patients (n=200) and healthy persons (n=200) of Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan was also determined. Anti‐PON1 and anti‐XO antibodies were developed, purified, and used to measure the concentration of PON1 and XO by competitive ELISA. It is observed that low paraoxonase (P=0.0073)/arylesterase activity (P=0.0038) of PON1 enzyme and its low concentration (P=0.0049) were observed in cardiac patients, whereas elevated level of XO activity (P=0.0129) and its concentration (P=0.0097) was observed in cardiac patients as compared with healthy persons. Low levels of HDL (P=0.0013), thiol (P=0.0014) and high level of cholesterol (P=0.0025), triglycerides (P=0.0018), LPO (P=0.0014), and LDL level (P=0.05) were observed in cardiac patients admitted in intensive care unit as compared with hypertensive patients and control subjects. It is concluded that overall low PON1 and high XO activities do cause imbalance of free radical system which ultimately leads to or enhance the cardiac pathological conditions. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:348–356, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compositional studies of human RPE lipofuscin
Authors: Murdaugh L. S. , Avalle L. B. , Mandal S. , Dill A. E. , Dillon J. , Simon J. D. , Gaillard E. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular disease that causes visual loss and legal blindness in the elderly population. The etiology of AMD is complex and may include genetic predispositions, accumulation of lipofuscin and drusen, local inflammation and neovascularization. The accumulation of lipofuscin has been shown to precede the death of photoreceptor cells and the deterioration of the RPE. As a result, the determination of the photosensitive components of lipofuscin has been of major interest. One of these components, previously identified as a bis‐retinoid pyridinium compound, is referred to as A2E. A2E has been characterized by mass spectrometry and is known to have a mass of 592 Da. Most remaining chromophores in RPE lipofuscin are structurally related to A2E as determined by their fragmentation pattern with losses of M ± 190, 174 and/or 150 Da. Analysis of lipofuscin from various donors indicated that the extracts consist of as many as 15 of these hydrophobic components, which are also observed to form spontaneously in vitro over extended periods of time. These consist of ca 90% of the A2E‐like components in RPE lipofuscin and correspond to derivatized A2E with discrete molecular weights of 800–900 m/z, 970–1080 m/z and above 1200 m/z regions. It was determined that these species are formed from self‐reaction of A2E oxidation products or their reaction with A2E itself to form higher molecular weight products. The majority of modifications are much more hydrophobic than A2E and exhibit increasingly higher values of log P. This acts as a driving force for the sequestering of A2E into granules resulting in a concomitant diminution of its reactivity in vivo. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of rhombohedral TeO3 compared to those of ReO3‐like proto‐phase and α‐TeO2 (paratellurite): lattice dynamic and crystal chemistry aspects
Authors: Cornette Julie , Merle‐Méjean Thérèse , Mirgorodsky Andreï , Colas Maggy , Smirnov Mikhaël , Masson Olivier , Thomas Philippe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVibrational spectra of rhombohedral TeO3 (r‐TeO3) are analyzed along with those of ReO3‐like proto‐phase (c‐TeO3) and α‐TeO2 (paratellurite), emphasizing their lattice dynamic and crystal chemistry aspects. It is shown that (1) r‐TeO3 can be regarded as resulting from the condensation of a particular R‐point soft phonon of c‐TeO3; (2) the Raman spectra of r‐TeO3 and α‐TeO2 are indicative of the two fundamentally different (from the crystal chemistry point of view) types of crystalline oxides, namely, framework‐type and island‐type, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do job characteristics lead to employee creativity in travel agencies?
Authors: Tsaur Sheng‐Hshiung , Yen Chang‐Hua , Yang Wan‐Yu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between job characteristics and employee creativity among different job types in travel agencies. This study collected data from 289 employees of 63 consolidated travel agencies headquartered in Taipei. The sample included tour managers, route controllers, operators and salespersons. Results indicate that both job characteristics and employee creativity differ with the four job types. Also, different job types moderate the effect of job characteristics' five dimensions on employee creativity. Implications of these findings for stimulating employee creativity as well as future research directions are also provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical characterization for polybithiophene film on porous oxide layer of 304 stainless steel formed by square wave passivation
Authors: Liang C. , Chen W. , Huang N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA bilayer coating was prepared by electrodepositing a polybithiophene (PBT) film on the top of square wave passivated 304 stainless steel (304SS). The structure of the PBT layer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and suggested to be composed of α–α coupling thiophene units. The electrochemical properties of the coating were investigated in 1 mol/L sulfuric acid solution by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results indicated that the bilayer could provide an effective barrier and maintain the metal substrate in a passive state during the immersion time. The interfacial shear strength of the polythiophene film on untreated and passivated 304SS were 0.81 and 5.1 MPa, respectively. The better result given by treated one may be due to PBT growing within the pores formed on the square wave passivated 304SS.
Intergranular attack and intergranular stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 690 TT in high temperature lead‐containing caustic solution
Authors: Hu Y. , Wang J. , Ke W. , Han E.‐H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractImmersion tests were carried out in high temperature lead‐containing caustic solution in a static autoclave. The results showed samples with three surface statuses of Alloy 690 TT suffered from intergranular attack (IGA) after immersion in 10% sodium hydroxide (wt%) with 10 g/L of litharge at 330 °C for different times. With the increasing immersion time, IGA became more severe. Wire cutting samples had the most serious IGA, ground samples followed and electro‐polished samples had the slightest IGA. IGA had developed into IGSCC only in wire cutting samples due to the existence of residual stress. All the specimens at different immersion time tests lost weight. To the same cold‐work samples, with the increasing immersion time, the weight loss increased. No IGA was found in 10% sodium hydroxide solution at 330 °C after 720 h immersion. When adding 100 ppm litharge into 10% sodium hydroxide solution, slight IGA was produced. IGA became more serious and the weight loss of the specimens with three surface statuses increased with the increase of lead concentration. As the results of 1% sodium hydroxide solution containing 10 g/L litharge and 4% sodium hydroxide solution containing 10 g/L litharge at 330 °C for 720 h immersion tests, only slight IGA occurred and the weight of samples with three surface statuses increased. The pH value played an important role in lead‐induced corrosion in caustic solution.
Evaluation of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures by AE technique
Authors: Proverbio E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAcoustic emission (AE) technique is gaining increasing interest for applications in civil engineering. AE indeed is a passive nonintrusive technique that can be applicable either in structural health monitoring (global evaluation) and in defect localization (local evaluation). The most promising application of such a technique seems to be however in the evaluation of growing defects. Defects such as cracks and delamination can be caused by reinforcement corrosion as well as by other concrete deterioration mechanisms (alkali silica reaction, sulphate attack, etc.) as well as originating from improper concrete casting, curing or structure setting. Damage severity can be evaluated by means of the intensity analysis (IA) through the use of different indexes such as ‘Load Ratio’, ‘Calm Ratio’, ‘Felicity Ratio’ or ‘Historical Index’. Damage evolution analysis along time could be however significantly improved by adopting some procedure already used in the field of geophysics and earth science. Among various parameters, the most significant one is the b‐value which is derived from the amplitude distribution data of AE following the methods used in seismology. Several application examples applied to prestressed concrete structures are reported in the paper.
Organic substances as inhibitors for chloride‐induced corrosion in reinforced concrete
Authors: Ormellese M. , Bolzoni F. , Lazzari L. , Brenna A. , Pedeferri M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCorrosion inhibitors are used to prevent chloride‐induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Since performance of commercial organic inhibitors is only partially satisfactory, a 7‐year long research has been carried out in order to set‐up a new organic inhibitive mixture, able to prevent chlorides‐induced corrosion. A first screening, by means of potentiodynamic polarisation test in alkaline synthetic pore solution, was performed on 80 organic compounds, mainly primary and tertiary amines, aminoalcohols, carboxylates compounds and aminoacids, in order to select the best inhibiting substances. The nine best inhibitive organic substances were selected for long‐term tests: 2 amines (dimethylethanolamine and triethylentetramine), 4 aminoacids (aspartate, asparagine, glutamate and glutamine) and 3 carboxylates compounds (tartrate, benzoate and EDTA). Potentiostatic polarisation and free corrosion tests in synthetic pore solution were performed, as well as tests in concrete exposed to accelerated chlorides penetration. Five years of tests allow estimating the efficiency of the substances in preventing chlorides‐induced corrosion, in term of influence on chlorides penetration and on critical chlorides threshold.
Influence of two specific inhibitors on steel corrosion in a synthetic solution simulating a carbonated concrete with chlorides
Authors: Monticelli C. , Frignani A. , Balbo A. , Zucchi F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present research aims at studying two corrosion inhibitors, that is sodium 2‐amino‐benzoate (2AMB) and sodium glycero‐phosphate (GPH), in a synthetic solution simulating the composition of the pore solution in a carbonated concrete, containing chlorides. Tests have been performed to verify if the simultaneous use of the two substances is compatible and if their addition can efficiently hinder the corrosion attack in the presence of both chlorides and carbonation. The synthetic solution has been prepared by bubbling carbon dioxide through a saturated (and filtered) solution of Ca(OH)2, containing 0.1 M NaCl, in order to reach pH 7. Polarization curve recording and EIS technique have shown that, after an induction period of about 24 h, the highest inhibiting efficiencies are obtained by mixtures of the two additives at the concentration of 0.05 M, which still produce high inhibiting efficiencies (87%) at the end of 120 h immersion. At the end of this exposure period, also more diluted symmetric mixtures (0.025 and 0.01 M) exhibit comparable efficiencies. The analysis of EIS spectra gives interesting information concerning the inhibiting mechanism of the studied mixture.
Effect of concrete carbonation process on the passivating products of galvanized steel reinforcements
Authors: Bellezze T. , Roventi G. , Barbaresi E. , Ruffini N. , Fratesi R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe composition of passivating products on galvanized steel reinforcement in concrete during carbonation was studied. Cube‐shaped concrete specimens were manufactured with Portland 52.5 R cement and reinforced with hot‐dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from pure Zn and ZnSnBiNi alloy bath. The concrete specimens were exposed to air curing for 28 days and then to the carbonation chamber. Corrosion rate and potential measurements were performed both during the curing in air and exposure in a carbonation chamber. At defined periods of time, some concrete specimens were broken and the galvanized steel sheets were submitted to XRD, SEM observations and EDX analysis. The growth of the passivation products was evaluated by integrating the diffraction peaks. XRD analysis and SEM observations show that the layer of calcium hydroxyzincate (CaHZn), formed on the galvanized sheets during the air curing, is destroyed by the concrete carbonation process. However, potential measurements indicate that the galvanized steel always remains in the passive state. X‐ray diffractometry was not able to identify the new passivating product; EDX maps suggest the presence of zinc carbonates.
Multi‐class Mode of Action Classification of Toxic Compounds Using Logic Based Kernel Methods
Authors: Lodhi Huma , Muggleton Stephen , Sternberg Mike J. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractToxicity prediction is essential for drug design and development of effective therapeutics. In this paper we present an in silico strategy, to identify the mode of action of toxic compounds, that is based on the use of a novel logic based kernel method. The technique uses support vector machines in conjunction with the kernels constructed from first order rules induced by an Inductive Logic Programming system. It constructs multi‐class models by using a divide and conquer reduction strategy that splits multi‐classes into binary groups and solves each individual problem recursively hence generating an underlying decision list structure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach for chemoinformatics problems like predictive toxicology, we apply it to toxicity classification in aquatic systems. The method is used to identify and classify 442 compounds with respect to the mode of action. The experimental results show that the technique successfully classifies toxic compounds and can be useful in assessing environmental risks. Experimental comparison of the performance of the proposed multi‐class scheme with the standard multi‐class Inductive Logic Programming algorithm and multi‐class Support Vector Machine yields statistically significant results and demonstrates the potential power and benefits of the approach in identifying compounds of various toxic mechanisms.
Protracted postpartum urinary retention: The importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention
Authors: Groutz Asnat , Levin Ishai , Gold Ronen , Pauzner David , Lessing Joseph B. , Gordon David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the prevalence and obstetric risk factors of protracted postpartum urinary retention, beyond the third postpartum day.MethodsThirty thousand seven hundred fifty‐seven consecutive women delivered in Lis maternity hospital during June 2006 to June 2009. The term “protracted postpartum urinary retention” was defined as the absence of adequate voiding beyond the third postpartum day. Study group comprised 55 women who developed protracted postpartum urinary retention. Control group comprised 110 women, matched by age and parity, who delivered at the same day but did not develop urinary retention.ResultsFifty‐five (0.18%) women (41 primipara, 14 multipara) developed protracted postpartum urinary retention. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, only duration of the second stage of labor and vacuum deliveries was found to be significant independent risk factors. Thirty‐six (65%) women achieved normal voiding within 4–14 days postpartum, and 19 (35%) others within 15–28 days. Higher postvoid residual urinary volume at 72 hr after delivery was associated with increased risk for late recovery. Forty‐eight (87%) patients were available for 3–39 months follow‐up. Of these, five (10.4%) had stress urinary incontinence, and four (8.3%) had overactive bladder symptoms. Three (6.3%) others had subjective voiding difficulties; however, urodynamic evaluation failed to reveal any voiding phase abnormalities.ConclusionsProtracted postpartum urinary retention is uncommon in modern obstetric practice. The duration of the second stage of labor and vacuum deliveries were found to be significant independent risk factors. With early diagnosis and timely intervention, complete resolution is expected within 28 days postpartum with no extraordinary long‐term consequences. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:83–86, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the mechanisms of intravesical electrical stimulation in the in vitro rat whole bladder after treatment with atropine, α,β‐methylATP and tetrodotoxin
Authors: De Bock Filip , De Wachter Stefan , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAimsIn a previous study, we showed that the working mechanism of intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES) is probably mainly nerve mediated. But even after bladder decentralization, IVES can induce detrusor contraction. This study explores the effect of IVES in decentralized bladders and the importance of receptors in the bladder wall for a response on IVES.MethodsIVES (10 Hz square wave pulses, 20 msec pulse duration, 6 mA) was used in the bladder of 16 female Sprague–Dawley rats. After repeating IVES after consecutive bilateral bladder nerves section (L6‐roots, pelvic nerves, and major pelvic ganglion (MPG)), the bladders were mounted in a tissue bath. IVES was performed in the control (n = 16), after administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (n = 6), after atropine and atropine with α,β‐methylATP (n = 6), and after α,β‐methylATP and α,β‐methylATP with atropine (n = 4). The IVES‐induced pressure rise (ΔP) was recorded.ResultsMaximum ΔP (maxΔP) after transection of the MPG was significantly lower than after pelvic nerves transection. Treatment with TTX and with α,β‐methylATP plus atropine abolished ΔP. Atropine alone gave an insignificant decrease of maxΔP. Treatment with α,β‐methylATP alone reduced maxΔP significantly.ConclusionsIVES can evoke contractions in a decentralized bladder. IVES‐induced contractions are not a result of direct muscle stimulation, but are nerve mediated, involving intramural innervation and several parts of the bladder innervation. IVES‐evoked contraction can be divided in a, contraction duration determining, cholinergic part and a, contraction strength determining, purinergic part. The peripheral innervation could play a role in IVES treatment in patients with interrupted central reflex pathway. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:158–162, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise improves bladder function in diabetic mice
Authors: Vadhavkar Manasi , Golbidi Saeid , Sea Jason , Longpre Michelle , Stothers Lynn , Laher Ismail 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAimsWe determined the effect of exercise on bladder dysfunction and voiding frequency indb/dbmice.Materials and MethodsDiabeticdb/dbfemale mice (BKS.Cg‐Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J strain) and their age‐matched wild‐type controls (WT) were equally divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Mice were exercised for 1 hr everyday for 8 weeks (speed of 5.2 m/min). We performed a voiding pattern test, cystometric analysis and reactivity of isolated bladder strips in WT anddb/dbmice, both sedentary and exercised.ResultsDiabetes increased the frequency of voiding, bladder capacity, and residual volume. Exercise decreased voiding frequency indb/dbmice; voiding frequency was 5.8 ± 0.5 (db/dbexercise) versus 10.8 ± 1.1 (db/dbcontrol,P < 0.001). In cystometric analysis, the bladder capacity ofdb/dbsedentary mice was 0.27 ± 0.05 ml and was 0.14 ± 0.02 ml in thedb/dbexercise group (P < 0.05), whereas the residual volume was 0.2 ± 0.03 ml indb/dbsedentary mice and 0.06 ± 0.02 ml indb/dbEx mice. Isolated strips of bladder muscle from sedentarydb/dbmice were more responsive to carbachol than strips fromdb/dbexercise mice. Exercise did not improve the urodynamic properties of WT mice, both sedentary and exercised.ConclusionsExercise improves bladder function in diabetic mice by reducing voiding frequency and improving urodynamic parameters. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:174–182, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.