bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using light to predict fuels-reduction and group-selection effects on succession in Sierran mixed-conifer forest
Authors: Bigelow Seth W. , North Malcolm P. , Salk Carl F. 
Published: October 2011

Many semi-arid coniferous forests in western North America have reached historically unprecedented densities over the past 150 years and are dominated by shade-tolerant trees. Silvicultural treatments generally open the canopy but may not restore shade-intolerant species. We determined crossover-point irradiance (CPI) (light at which the height growth rank of pairs of species changes) for seedlings in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest and used these to interpret light environments produced by fuels-reduction thinning and group selection with reserved large trees. Nine of 21 species pairs had well-defined CPIs. The CPI of the most common shade-tolerant and intolerant species (white fir ( Abies concolor (Gordon & Glendl.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson)) was 22.5 mol·m–2·day–1or 41% of full sun. Median understory irradiance increased from 9.2 mol·m–2·day–1(17% full sun) in pretreatment forest to 13 mol·m–2·day–1(24% full sun) in lightly and 15.5 mol·m–2·day–1(28% full sun) in moderately thinned stands and 37 mol·m–2·day–1(67% full sun) in group-selection openings. We estimate that 5%–20% of ground area in lightly to moderately thinned stands would have enough light to favor shade-intolerant over shade-tolerant growth compared with 89% of ground area in group-selection openings. The CPI provides a tool to assess regeneration implications of treatment modification such as increasing heterogeneity of thinning to enhance regeneration or reserving large trees in group-selection openings to maintain wildlife habitat.
Characteristics of Correlation Statistics between Droplet Radius and Optical Thickness of Warm Clouds Simulated by a Three-Dimensional Regional-Scale Spectral Bin Microphysics Cloud Model
Authors: Sato Yousuke , Suzuki Kentaroh , Iguchi Takamichi , Choi In-Jin , Kadowaki Hiroyuki , Nakajima Teruyuki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Three-dimensional downscaling simulations using a spectral bin microphysics (SBM) model were conducted to investigate the effects of aerosol amount and dynamical stabilities of the atmosphere on the correlation statistics between cloud droplet effective radius (RE) and cloud optical thickness (COT) of warm clouds off the coast of California. The regeneration process of aerosols was implemented into the SBM and was found to be necessary for simulating the satellite-observed microphysical properties of warm clouds by the SBM model used in this study.
The results showed that the aerosol amount changed the correlation statistics in a way that changes the cloud particle number concentration, whereas the inversion height of the boundary layer, which is related to the atmospheric stability and the cloud-top height, changed the correlation statistics in a way that changes the liquid water path. These results showed that the dominant mechanisms that control the correlation statistics are similar to those suggested by previous modeling studies based on two-dimensional idealized simulations. On the other hand, the present three-dimensional modeling was also able to simulate some realistic patterns of the correlation statistics, namely, mixtures of characteristic patterns and the “high-heeled” pattern as observed by satellite remote sensing.
Will Global Warming Suppress North Atlantic Tripole Decadal Variability?
Authors: Yang Yun , Wu Lixin , Fang Changfang 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this paper, the modulations of the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) decadal variability from global warming are studied by conducting a series of coupled ocean–atmosphere experiments using the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM). The model reasonably captures the observed NAT decadal variability with a preferred time scale of about 11 years. With the aid of partial-blocking and partial-coupling experiments, it is found that the NAT decadal cycle can be attributed to oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical basin and ocean–atmosphere coupling over the North Atlantic.
In a doubled CO2 experiment, the spatial pattern of the NAT is preserved; however, the decadal cycle is significantly suppressed. This suppression appears to be associated with the acceleration of oceanic planetary waves due to an increase of buoyancy frequency in global warming. This shortens the time from a decadal to an interannual time scale for the first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves to cross the subtropical North Atlantic basin, the primary memory for the NAT decadal variability in the model. The modeling study also found that the global warming does not modulate the North Atlantic air–sea coupling significantly, but it may be model dependent.
Precipitation Changes near Three Gorges Dam, China. Part I: A Spatiotemporal Validation Analysis
Authors: Zhao Fang , Shepherd Marshall 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In October 2010, the water level upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) reached the designated 175-m level. The associated inundation and land use–land cover changes have important implications for water resource management, agriculture, ecosystems, and the hydroclimate. Ultimately, it is important to quantify whether the dam-related changes have altered precipitation patterns. Since rain gauges are limited in the region, satellite-based methods are viable. This study is the first to validate NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data from 1998 to 2009 using 34 national meteorological rain gauges in the Three Gorges region. Areal average satellite estimates are first verified with areal average rain gauge data both annually and seasonally. Then based on empirical orthogonal functions, the study area is divided into two subregions, and similar validation procedures are performed for both subregions. TMPA data are found to have high correlations with rain gauge data for the whole study area, and correlations for the subregions are only slightly lower. The seasonal analysis yields the lowest correlations for winter. Compared with the gauge data, rainfall is slightly overestimated by about 3 mm month−1. At daily scale, satellite data show good agreement with gauge data for all rain intensity categories except light rain (&lt;1 mm day−1). Spatially, the point-source gauge data are gridded using Thiessen polygons for comparison with satellite data, and the results suggest the satellite-based product may overestimate rainfall in mountainous areas near the reservoir, especially in spring and summer. Overall, the validation results yield strong statistical support for applying satellite rainfall data for hydroclimate studies in this region.
Conditional BDNF release under pathological conditions improves Huntington's disease pathology by delaying neuronal dysfunction
Authors: Giralt Albert , Carretón Olga , Lao-Peregrin Cristina , Martín Eduardo D , Alberch Jordi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is the main candidate for neuroprotective therapy for Huntington's disease (HD), but its conditional administration is one of its most challenging problems.

Results
Here we used transgenic mice that over-express BDNF under the control of the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) promoter (pGFAP-BDNF mice) to test whether up-regulation and release of BDNF, dependent on astrogliosis, could be protective in HD. Thus, we cross-mated pGFAP-BDNF mice with R6/2 mice to generate a double-mutant mouse with mutant huntingtin protein and with a conditional over-expression of BDNF, only under pathological conditions. In these R6/2:pGFAP-BDNF animals, the decrease in striatal BDNF levels induced by mutant huntingtin was prevented in comparison to R6/2 animals at 12 weeks of age. The recovery of the neurotrophin levels in R6/2:pGFAP-BDNF mice correlated with an improvement in several motor coordination tasks and with a significant delay in anxiety and clasping alterations. Therefore, we next examined a possible improvement in cortico-striatal connectivity in R62:pGFAP-BDNF mice. Interestingly, we found that the over-expression of BDNF prevented the decrease of cortico-striatal presynaptic (VGLUT1) and postsynaptic (PSD-95) markers in the R6/2:pGFAP-BDNF striatum. Electrophysiological studies also showed that basal synaptic transmission and synaptic fatigue both improved in R6/2:pGAP-BDNF mice.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the conditional administration of BDNF under the GFAP promoter could become a therapeutic strategy for HD due to its positive effects on synaptic plasticity.
Relative decidability and definability in henselian valued fields
Authors: Flenner Joseph 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLet (K, v) be a henselian valued field of characteristic 0. Then K admits a definable partition on each piece of which the leading term of a polynomial in one variable can be computed as a definable function of the leading term of a linear map. The main step in obtaining this partition is an answer to the question, given a polynomial f(x) ∈ K[x], what is v(f(x))?Two applications are given: first, a constructive quantifier elimination relative to the leading terms, suggesting a relative decision procedure; second, a presentation of every definable subset of K as the pullback of a definable set in the leading terms subjected to a linear translation.
Automatic structures of bounded degree revisited
Authors: Kuske Dietrich , Lohrey Markus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe first-order theory of a string automatic structure is known to be decidable, but there are examples of string automatic structures with nonelementary first-order theories. We prove that the first-order theory of a string automatic structure of bounded degree is decidable in doubly exponential space (for injective automatic presentations, this holds even uniformly). This result is shown to be optimal since we also present a string automatic structure of bounded degree whose first-order theory is hard for 2EXPSPACE. We prove similar results also for tree automatic structures. These findings close the gaps left open in [28] by improving both the lower and the upper bounds.
On transitive subrelations of binary relations
Authors: Hardin Christopher S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe transitive closure of a binary relation R can be thought of as the best possible approximation of R “from above” by a transitive relation. We consider the question of approximating a relation from below by transitive relations. Our main result is that every thick relation (a relation whose complement contains no infinite chain) on a countable set has a transitive thick subrelation. This allows for a solution to a problem arising from previous work by the author and Alan Taylor. We also exhibit a thick relation on an uncountable set with no transitive thick subrelation.
Role of a combined soluble interleukine-2 receptor alpha (sIL-R2α) and CA-125 serum marker assay for detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Mačuks Ronalds , Baidekalna Ieva , Nuķe Inta , Doniņa Simona 
Published: October 2011

Role of a combined soluble interleukine-2 receptor alpha (sIL-R2α) and CA-125 serum marker assay for detection of ovarian cancer
Detection of ovarian cancer can be improved using a combined diagnostic test consisting of Ca-125 and serum interleukine-2 receptor alpha (sIL-R2α) at a particular threshold. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of a diagnostic marker assay that combined Ca-125 and serum interleukine-2 receptor alpha. A case-control study of 38 patients with ovarian cancer, 40 patients with benign ovarian diseases and 31 age-matched healthy controls was designed. Ca-125 and sIL-2Rα were detected in patients' serum by standardized chemiluminescent immunometric assays. For Ca-125, a standard cutoff level of 21 U/ml was applied and for sIL-R2α — two cutoff levels were calculated from women included in the control group — one as a mean concentration and the other as an upper limit of a 95% confidence interval. Mean serum concentrations among ovarian cancer patients for CA125 and sIL-2Rα were 265.9 ± 40.2 U/ml and 651.0 ± 50.5 U/ml, respectively. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for a healthy control group of women was 304.5 U/ml for sIL-2Rα. Sensitivity and specificity of 89.4% and 85.9% was achieved when CA125 was combined together with sIL-2Rα at a threshold of 304.5U/ml with the condition that both markers are elevated. Sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% and 88.4% was observed when both biomarkers were applied to menopausal women. Serum sIL-2Rα in combination with CA125 can be used as a differential diagnostic test for ovarian cancer at a specific threshold, especially among menopausal women.
Lithofacies-genetic characteristics of sedimentary basins in the foreland of the Pomeranian Stage in the Drawsko Lakeland (northern Poland)
Authors: Paluszkiewicz Ryszard , Paluszkiewicz Renata 
Published: October 2011

Lithofacies-genetic characteristics of sedimentary basins in the foreland of the Pomeranian Stage in the Drawsko Lakeland (northern Poland)
The research carried out in the years 1995-98 in the area of the Złocieniec proglacial lake inclined its authors to take a broader view of the operation of proglacial basins in the Drawsko Lakeland (Paluszkiewicz 2004). Glaciolacustrine deposits in the studied lakeland area were discovered by Maksiak and Mróz in 1978. Until that time, the varved deposits at Złocieniec had not been subjected to lithological analysis. The more detailed studies conducted by the present authors in the years 2006-2007 at both Złocieniec and Wierzchowo sites with the help of geo-engineering methods allowed them to show that the two sites with varved clays in this region should be treated as separate sedimentary basins. The basins differ in thickness of varved deposits, in size, and processes responsible for the formation of the rhythmically stratified series.
Structure of aphid communities (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in the Kórnik Arboretum near Poznań (West Poland)
Authors: Ratajczak Justyna , Wilkaniec Barbara 
Published: October 2011

Structure of aphid communities (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in the Kórnik Arboretum near Poznań (West Poland)
The Kórnik Arboretum hosts 106 dendrophilic species of aphids, representing three families: Aphididae, Adelgidae and Phylloxeridae. Phyllaphis fagi is the eudominant there. Subdominants include species of Adelgidae, Eucallipterus tiliae, Tinocallis platani and Myzocallis castanicola. The distribution tail consisted of 101 species, of which 13 were recedents and 88 subrecedents. Such a structure confirms the quite high stability of the community.
Public Health Laboratories and Radiological Readiness
Authors: Latshaw Megan Weil , Mangal Chris , Barkey Anthony , McNamara Doug , Kim Deborah , Pierson Jennifer Beck 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: To document the ability of public health laboratories to respond to radiological emergencies.Methods: The Association of Public Health Laboratories developed, distributed, and analyzed two separate surveys of public health laboratories representing the 50 US states and major nonstate jurisdictions. The 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey examined overall laboratory capability and capacity, with a subset of questions on radiation preparedness. A 2011 survey focused exclusively on radiation readiness.Results: The 50 state and District of Columbia public health laboratories responded to the 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey, representing a 98% response rate. In addition to the above laboratories, environmental and agricultural laboratories responded to the 2011 Radiation Capabilities Survey, representing a 76% response rate. Twenty-seven percent of the All-Hazards Survey respondents reported the ability to measure radionuclides in clinical specimens; 6% reported that another state agency or department accepted and analyzed these samples via a radioanalytical method. Of the Radiation Capabilities Survey respondents, 60% reported the ability to test environmental samples, such as air, soil, or surface water, for radiation; 48% reported the ability to test nonmilk food samples; 47% reported the ability to test milk; and 56% reported sending data for drinking water to the Environmental Protection Agency.Conclusions: Survey data reveal serious gaps in US radiological preparedness. In 2007, federal experts estimated it would take more than 4 years to screen 100 000 individuals for radiation exposure and 6 years to test environmental samples from a large-scale radiological emergency, relying on existing laboratory assets. Although some progress has been made since 2007, public health laboratory radiological test capabilities and capacities remain insufficient to respond to a major event. Adequate preparation requires significant new investment to build and enhance laboratory emergency response networks, as well as investments in the broader public health system in which public health laboratories function.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:213-217)
Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Sensing Platform: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Liu Rui , Cai Yuankun , Park Joong‐Mok , Ho Kai‐Ming , Shinar Joseph , Shinar Ruth 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe organic light‐emitting diode (OLED)‐based sensing platform is gaining momentum due to unique attributes of the compact OLEDs that are used as excitation sources. This paper, however, points to issues related to this sensing platform that will affect many (bio)chemical sensing applications, in particular in photoluminescence (PL)‐based sensors operated in the advantageous time domain, where pulsed OLEDs are utilized. The issues are related to the post‐pulse electroluminescence (EL) profile, i.e., transient EL, which depends on the OLED materials and structure, and to the long‐wavelength tail of the typically broad‐band EL spectrum. Depending on materials and device structure, the transient EL may exhibit spikes peaking at ∼100–200 ns and μs‐long tails. As shown, these interfere with the determination of PL decay times (that are related to analyte concentrations) of sensing elements. The results also indicate that the long‐wavelength tail of the EL spectrum contributes to the interfering post‐pulse μs‐long EL tail. Hence, it is shown that the choice of OLED materials, the use of microcavity (μC) OLEDs with tunable, narrower EL bands, and the use of UV OLEDs alleviate these issues, resulting in more reliable data analysis. Furthermore, a 2‐D uniform 2 μm‐pitch microlens array that was previously used for improving light extraction from the OLEDs (J.‐M. Park et al., Optics Express 2011, 19, A786) is used for directional PL scattering toward the photodetector, which leads to a ∼2.1–3.8 fold enhancement of the PL signal. This behavior is shown for oxygen sensing, which is the basis for sensing of bioanalytes such as glucose, lactate, ethanol, cholesterol, and uric acid.
C3‐Symmetrical Cinchonine‐Squaramide as New Highly Efficient, and Recyclable Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Michael Addition
Authors: Min Chang , Han Xin , Liao Zongquan , Wu Xiangfei , Zhou Hai‐Bing , Dong Chune 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel and recyclable catalyst, a C3‐symmetrical cinchonine‐squaramide, has been developed for the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes. When using only 1 mol% of catalyst 1a for the reaction, high reaction yields with excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities (up to 96% yield,>99% ee,>99:1 dr) were achieved, in which the results for cyclic keto esters are the best ever achieved. Moreover, 1a can be easily recovered by simple precipitation and was used for six cycles without losing any selectivity and activity.
Carbon dioxide absorption by monoethanolamine in hollow fiber membrane contactors: A parametric investigation
Authors: Boucif Noureddine , Corriou Jean Pierre , Roizard Denis , Favre Eric 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA mathematical and numerical investigations on the gas–liquid absorption of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine solutions in a hollow fiber membrane contactor device is described. The reactive absorption mechanism was built based on momentum and mass transport conservation laws in all three compartments involved in the process, i.e., the gas phase, the membrane barrier, and the liquid phase. The liquid absorbing solution flows in the fiber bore in which the velocity is assumed to obey a fully developed laminar flow, and the gas mixture circulates counter‐currently to the liquid flow in the shell side where the velocity is characterized by the Navier‐Stokes momentum balance equations. The average outlet gas and liquid concentrations, the reactive absorption flux, and the gas removal efficiencies are parametrically simulated with operational parameters such as gas flow rate, fresh inlet amine concentrations, and fiber geometrical characteristics. The shell velocity was described by other flow hydrodynamics models besides Navier‐Stokes and their simulated results were favorably compared to experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cleft palate and ADULT phenotype in a patient with a novel TP63 mutation suggests lumping of EEC/LM/ADULT syndromes into a unique entity: ELA syndrome
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Garelli Emanuela , Isidori Ilenia , Mencarelli Amedea , Carando Adriana , Silengo Margherita Cirillo , Donti Emilio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAcro‐dermato‐ungual‐lacrimal‐tooth (ADULT) syndrome is a rare condition belonging to the group of ectodermal dysplasias caused by TP63 mutations. Its clinical phenotype is similar to ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate (EEC) and limb‐mammary syndrome (LMS), and differs from these disorders mainly by the absence of cleft lip and/or palate. We report on a 39‐year‐old patient who was found to be heterozygous for a c.401G > T (p.Gly134Val) de novo mutation of TP63. This patient had the ADULT phenotype associated with cleft palate. Our findings, rather than extend the clinical spectrum of ADULT syndrome, suggest that cleft palate can no longer be considered an element for differential diagnosis for ADULT, EEC, and LMS. Our data, added to other reports on overlapping phenotypes, support the combining of these three phenotypes into a unique entity that we propose to call “ELA syndrome,” which is an acronym of ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip and palate, limb‐mammary, and ADULT syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.