bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing photogrammetric DEMs for glacier volume change assessment using laser-scanning derived ground-control points
Authors: Barrand Nicholas E. , Murray Tavi , James Timothy D. , Barr Stuart L. , Mills Jon P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPhotogrammetric processing of archival stereo imagery offers the opportunity to reconstruct glacier volume changes for regions where no such data exist, and to better constrain the contribution to sea-level rise from small glaciers and ice caps. The ability to derive digital elevation model (DEM) measurements of glacier volume from photogrammetry relies on good-quality, well-distributed ground reference data, which may be difficult to acquire. This study shows that ground-control points (GCPs) can be identified and extracted from point-cloud airborne lidar data and used to control photogrammetric glacier models. The technique is applied to midtre Lovénbreen, a small valley glacier in northwest Svalbard. We show that the amount of ground control measured and the elevation accuracy of GCP coordinates (based on known and theoretical error considerations) has a significant effect on photogrammetric model statistics, DEM accuracy and the subsequent geodetic measurement of glacier volume change. Models controlled with fewer than 20 lidar control points or GCPs from sub-optimal areas within the swath footprint overestimated volume change by 14–53% over a 2 year period. DEMs derived from models utilizing 20–25 or more GCPs, however, gave volume change estimates within ∼4% of those from repeat lidar data (−0.51 m a−1 between 2003 and 2005). Our results have important implications for the measurement of glacier volume change from archival stereo-imagery sources.
Morphogenetic Urbanism
Authors: Trummer Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPeter Trummer pursues a morphogenetic model of urban design in which matter and form are placed in a dynamic rather than a fixed relationship. He demonstrates its application with a neighbourhood model that he has developed for the suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona, with the Second‐Year Research Programme at the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jan Kaplický (1937‐2009): Homage to an Extraordinary Life of Unfulfilled Dreams and Major Successes
Authors: Margolius Ivan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractJan Kaplický's visionary work for Future Systems was some of the most imaginative and inspiring of the last few decades. His passion and excitement for architecture exudes through such remarkable forms as the Lord's Media Centre and Selfridges in Birmingham. It was also effectively disseminated through his publications: most notably the For Inspiration Only picture books that he produced for Wiley‐Academy in the late 1990s. A staunch believer in the power of books and journals, he was a loyal supporter of AD and an editorial board member for many years; always generous with his time and willing to express his ideas candidly. Here, close friend and fellow Czech architect and writer Ivan Margolius, celebrates not only Kaplicky the architect, but also the extraordinary life and sensibility of the man behind his work. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Feildbarn
Authors: Littlefield David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFeilden Clegg Bradley Studios are leading an initiative to find an alternative use for the disused field barns of the Yorkshire Dales that will retain for prosperity these beautifully crafted structures roughened and enhanced by time. David Littlefield describes the pilot project in Lower Wharfedale, near Skipton, in which a timber pod has been created to provide basic accommodation for holidaymakers seeking a countryside break close to nature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel Indexing: Infrastructure and Space
Authors: Kehne Holger , Turko Jeff 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAs governments around the world open the public coffers in an attempt to pull their economies back from collapse, Holger Kehne and Jeff Turko describe how they have extended the work of the Architectural Association Diploma Unit 12 to incorporate the pertinent subject of infrastructure and architecture, employing ‘indexical systems’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnonics: Spin Waves on the Nanoscale
Authors: Neusser Sebastian , Grundler Dirk 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMagnetic nanostructures have long been in the focus of intense research in the magnetic storage industry. For data storage the nonvolatility of magnetic states is of utmost relevance. As information technology generates the need for higher and higher data‐transfer rates, research efforts have moved to understand magnetization dynamics. Here, spin waves and their particle‐like analog, magnons, are increasingly attracting interest. High‐quality nanopatterned magnetic media now offer new ways to transmit and process information without moving electrical charges. This new functionality is enabled by spin waves. They are confined by novel functioning principles, which render them especially suitable to operate at the nanoscale. Magnonic crystals are expected to provide full control of spin waves, similarly to what photonic crystals already do for light. Combined with nonvolatility, multifunctional metamaterials might be formed. We report recent advances in this rapidly increasing research field called magnonics.
Toward the Development of Printable Nanowire Electronics and Sensors
Authors: Fan Zhiyong , Ho Johnny C. , Takahashi Toshitake , Yerushalmi Roie , Takei Kuniharu , Ford Alexandra C. , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Javey Ali 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the research and development of printable electronics on mechanically flexible substrates based on inorganic active components, which provide high performances and stable device operations at low cost. In this regard, various approaches have been developed for the direct transfer or printing of micro‐ and nanoscale, inorganic semiconductors on substrates. In this review article, we focus on the recent advancements in the large‐scale integration of single crystalline, inorganic‐nanowire (NW) arrays for electronic and sensor applications, specifically involving the contact printing of NWs at defined locations. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and the state‐of‐the‐art of this technology, and present an integration platform for future printable, heterogeneous‐sensor circuitry based on NW parallel arrays.
Joint orientation and function in great ape and human proximal pedal phalanges
Authors: Griffin Nicole L. , Richmond Brian G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have referred to the degree of dorsal canting of the base of the proximal phalanx as an indicator of human‐like metatarsophalangeal joint function and thus a diagnostic trait of habitual bipedality in the fossil record. Here, we used a simple method to investigate differences in forefoot function on a finer scale. Building on Duncan et al.'s (Am J Phys Anthropol 93 [1994] 67–81) research, we tested whether dorsal canting reflects differences between sexes in locomotor behavior, whether habitual shoe wear influences dorsal canting in humans, and whether proximal joint morphology differs between rays in Pan and humans. Our results corroborate previous research in showing that humans have proximal phalanges with joint orientations that are significantly more dorsal than, but overlap with, those of great apes. We also found that male gorillas have significantly more dorsally canted second proximal phalanges than their female counterparts, while the opposite pattern between the sexes was found in Pan troglodytes. Inter‐ray comparisons indicate that Pan have more dorsally canted first proximal phalanges than second proximal phalanges, while the opposite pattern was found in humans. Minimally shod humans have slightly but significantly more dorsally canted second proximal phalanges than those of habitually shod humans, indicating that phalanges of unshod humans provide the most appropriate comparative samples for analyses of early hominins. Overall, our analysis suggests that though the measurement of dorsal canting is limited in its sensitivity to certain intraspecific differences in function, phalangeal joint orientation reflects interspecific differences in joint function, with the caveat that different patterns of forefoot function during gait can involve similar articular sets of metatarsophalangeal joints. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Friction and wear properties of basalt fiber reinforced/solid lubricants filled polyimide composites under different sliding conditions
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Pei Xianqiang , Wang Qihua 
Published: June 2009

AbstractShort basalt fibers (BFs)‐reinforced polyimide (PI) composites filled with MoS2 and graphite were fabricated by means of hot‐press molding technique. The tribological properties of the resulting composites sliding against GCr15 steel ring were investigated on a model ring‐on‐block test rig. The wear mechanisms were also comparatively discussed, based on scanning electron microscopic examination of the worn surface of the PI composites and the transfer film formed on the counterpart. Experimental results revealed that MoS2 and graphite as fillers significantly improved the wear resistance of the BFs‐reinforced polyimide (BFs/PI) composites. For the best combination of friction coefficient and wear rate, the optimal volume content of MoS2 and graphite in the composites appears to be 40 and 35%, respectively. It was also found that the tribological properties of the filled BFs/PI composites were closely related with the sliding conditions such as sliding speed and applied load. Research results show that the BF/PI composites exhibited better tribological properties under higher PV product. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene/organoclay hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Eon M. , Oh Young S. , Ha Ha S. , Jeong Ham M. , Kim Byung K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared in decalin with various organoclay contents (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 pphr). Transmission electron micrographic images and X‐ray diffraction results showed that the organoclay was exfoliated and well dispersed in UHMWPE matrix. The rheological properties were measured at various temperatures (110, 130, and 150°C) in a broad range of shear rate (10−1–102) at a gel concentration of 6 wt %. The result showed that the viscosity increased with the addition and increasing organoclay content. Thermal stability (thermogravimetric analysis) and crystallinity (differential scanning calorimeter) of UHMWPE increased with increasing organoclay content implying that the organoclay functioned as barrier and nucleating agent. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Applying two‐level reinforcement ranking in query‐oriented multidocument summarization
Authors: Wei Furu , Li Wenjie , Lu Qin , He Yanxiang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSentence ranking is the issue of most concern in document summarization today. While traditional feature‐based approaches evaluate sentence significance and rank the sentences relying on the features that are particularly designed to characterize the different aspects of the individual sentences, the newly emerging graph‐based ranking algorithms (such as the PageRank‐like algorithms) recursively compute sentence significance using the global information in a text graph that links sentences together. In general, the existing PageRank‐like algorithms can model well the phenomena that a sentence is important if it is linked by many other important sentences. Or they are capable of modeling the mutual reinforcement among the sentences in the text graph. However, when dealing with multidocument summarization these algorithms often assemble a set of documents into one large file. The document dimension is totally ignored. In this article we present a framework to model the two‐level mutual reinforcement among sentences as well as documents. Under this framework we design and develop a novel ranking algorithm such that the document reinforcement is taken into account in the process of sentence ranking. The convergence issue is examined. We also explore an interesting and important property of the proposed algorithm. When evaluated on the DUC 2005 and 2006 query‐oriented multidocument summarization datasets, significant results are achieved.
Two‐strata rotatability in split‐plot central composite designs
Authors: Wang Li , Vining G. Geoffrey , Kowalski Scott M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA rotatable design (Ann. Math. Stat.1957;28:195–241) forkfactors is one such that the prediction variance is purely a function of distance from the design center. Of special interest in this paper is the rotatable central composite design (CCD), which most software packages use as the typical default choice for a second‐order design. In many cases some factors are hard to change while others are easy to change, which creates a split‐plot experiment. This paper establishes that the split‐plot structure precludes the possibility of any second‐order design being rotatable in the traditional sense. As an alternative this paper proposes the two‐strata rotatable split‐plot CCD, where the resulting prediction variance is a function of the whole plot (WP) distance and the subplot (SP) distance separately instead of the sum of them. The resulting design is rotatable in the WP space when the SP factors are held fixed, and vice versa. In the special case where the WP variance component is zero, the two‐strata rotatable split‐plot CCD becomes the standard rotatable CCD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrite reduction: a ubiquitous function from a pre‐aerobic past
Authors: Cutruzzolà Francesca , Rinaldo Serena , Castiglione Nicoletta , Giardina Giorgio , Pecht Israel , Brunori Maurizio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn eukaryotes, small amounts of nitrite confer cytoprotection against ischemia/reperfusion‐related tissue damage in vivo, possibly via reduction to nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of mitochondrial function. Several hemeproteins are involved in this protective mechanism, starting with deoxyhemoglobin, which is capable of reducing nitrite. In facultative aerobic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nitrite is reduced to NO by specialized heme‐containing enzymes called cd1 nitrite reductases. The details of their catalytic mechanism are summarized below, together with a hypothesis on the biological role of the unusual d1‐heme, which, in the reduced state, shows unique properties (very high affinity for nitrite and exceptionally fast dissociation of NO). Our results support the idea that the nitrite‐based reactions of contemporary eukaryotes are a vestige of earlier bacterial biochemical pathways. The evidence that nitrite reductase activities of enzymes with different cellular roles and biochemical features still exist today highlights the importance of nitrite in cellular homeostasis.
Natural abundant solid state NMR studies in designed tripeptides for differentiation of multiple conformers
Authors: Jayanthi S. , Chatterjee Bhaswati , Raghothama S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSolid state NMR (SSNMR) experiments on heteronuclei in natural abundance are described for three synthetically designed tripeptides Piv‐LPro‐LPro‐LPhe‐OMe (1), Piv‐DPro‐LPro‐LPhe‐OMe (2), and Piv‐DPro‐LPro‐LPhe‐NHMe (3). These peptides exist in different conformation as shown by solution state NMR and single crystal X‐ray analysis (Chatterjee et al., Chem Eur J 2008, 14, 6192). In this study, SSNMR has been used to probe the conformations of these peptides in their powder form. The 13C spectrum of peptide (1) showed doubling of resonances corresponding to cis/cis form, unlike in solution where the similar doubling is attributed to cis/trans form. This has been confirmed by the chemical shift differences of Cβ and Cγ carbon of Proline in peptide (1) both in solution and SSNMR. Peptide (2) and (3) provided single set of resonances which represented all trans form across the di‐Proline segment. The results are in agreement with the X‐ray analysis. Solid state 15N resonances, especially from Proline residues provided additional information, which is normally not observable in solution state NMR. 1H chemical shifts are also obtained from a two‐dimensional heteronuclear correlation experiment between 1H13C. The results confirm the utility of NMR as a useful tool for identifying different conformers in peptides in the solid state. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 851–860, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online“ date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Potent Triple Helix Stabilization by 5′,3′‐Modified Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides
Authors: Ben Gaied Nouha , Zhao Zhengyun , Gerrard Simon R. , Fox Keith R. , Brown Tom 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnthraquinone and pyrene analogues attached to the 3′ and/or 5′ termini of triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) by various linkers increased the stability of parallel triple helices. The modifications are simple to synthesize and can be introduced during standard solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Potent triplex stability was achieved by using doubly modified TFOs, which in the most favourable cases gave an increase in melting temperature of 30 °C over the unmodified counterparts and maintained their selectivity for the correct target duplex. Such TFOs can produce triplexes with melting temperatures of 40 °C at pH 7 even though they do not contain any triplexstabilizing base analogues. These studies have implications for the design of triplex‐forming oligonucleotides for use in biology and nanotechnology.
Pulmonary neuroendocrine/carcinoid tumors
Authors: Bertino Erin M. , Confer Patricia D. , Colonna Jorge E. , Ross Patrick , Otterson Gregory A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors are a unique malignant neoplasm that can arise from the respiratory tree. Although well‐differentiated bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (also called carcinoid tumors) are reported to account for approximately 25% of all neuroendocrine tumors, they represent only 1% to 2% of all lung cancers. The epidemiology, clinical behavior, and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors differ significantly from other lung malignancies. In this article, the recent data regarding these tumors were reviewed with attention to the treatment modalities used. Although conventional cytotoxic therapy has not been reported to demonstrate much promise in this entity over the past 4 decades, newer molecular targeted agents including those that targeted angiogenesis and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway have shown encouraging results in early phase trials for advanced carcinoid tumors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Clinical trial enrollment, patient characteristics, and survival differences in prospectively registered metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Sorbye Halfdan , Pfeiffer Per , Cavalli‐Björkman Nina , Qvortrup Camilla , Holsen Mari H. , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Glimelius Bengt 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Trial accrual patterns were examined to determine whether metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients enrolled in trials are representative of a general cancer population concerning patient characteristics and survival.METHODS:A total of 760 mCRC patients referred for their first oncological consideration at 3 hospitals in Scandinavia covering defined populations were registered consecutively during 2003 to 2006. Clinical trial enrollment, patient characteristics, and treatment were recorded prospectively, and the follow‐up was complete.RESULTS:Palliative chemotherapy was initiated in 61% of the patients. Approximately one‒third (36%) of patients receiving chemotherapy were included in a trial. The main reason for nonparticipation was failed eligibility criteria (69%). The median survival after chemotherapy was 15.8 months for all patients, and 18 months after combination chemotherapy. Trial patients had better prognostic characteristics and significantly longer survival than nontrial patients: 21.3 months versus 15.2 months when receiving combination chemotherapy. Poor performance status was the main reason for giving best supportive care only, and the median survival was then only 2.1 months. The median survival for all 760 nonresectable mCRC patients was 10.7 months.CONCLUSIONS:mCRC patients enrolled into clinical trials differ in characteristics from patients receiving chemotherapy outside protocol and have better survival, even when given the same treatment. Although trial patients have a median survival close to 2 years, survival is lower for all patients receiving chemotherapy and much lower for all patients diagnosed with mCRC. Studies that better accept the heterogeneity of the population with mCRC are needed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Carbon‐Supported, Selenium‐Modified Ruthenium–Molybdenum Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media
Authors: Guinel Maxime J.‐F. , Bonakdarpour Arman , Wang Biao , Babu Panakkattu K. , Ernst Frank , Ramaswamy Nagappan , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Wieckowski Andrzej 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe stability and oxygen reduction activity of two carbon‐supported catalyst materials are reported. The catalysts, Se/Ru and Se/(Ru–Mo), were prepared by using a chemical reduction method. The catalyst nanoparticles were evenly dispersed onto globular amorphous carbon supports, and their average size was ca. 2.4 nm. Thermal treatment at 500 °C for 2 h in an inert argon atmosphere resulted in coarsening of the nanoparticles, and also in some decrease of their activity. A gradual reduction of activity was also observed for Se/Ru during potential‐cycle experiments. However, the incorporation of small amounts of Mo into the Se/Ru catalysts considerably improved the stability of the catalyst against dissolution. The Mo‐containing samples showed excellent oxygen reduction activities even after cycling the potential 1000 times between 0.7 and 0.9 V. Furthermore, they showed excellent fuel‐cell behavior. The performance of the Se/Ru catalysts is greatly improved by the addition of small amounts of elemental Mo. Possible mechanisms responsible for the improvement of the activity are discussed.
A critical appraisal of factors affecting the accuracy of results obtained when using flow cytometry in stem cell investigations: Where do you put your gates?
Authors: Hughes Owen R. , Stewart Rebecca , Dimmick Ian , Jones Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry is used extensively in stem cell investigations but there is wide variation in the methods used for data analysis between laboratories. Data analysis can be challenging in stem cell biology as there is often no clear distinction between positive and negative populations. We have undertaken a critical appraisal of factors that affect the accuracy of results in stem cell applications. We used mouse embryonic stem cells and determined the expression of three common antigens in stem cell investigations, namely CD15, CD184, and c‐kit. We have compared different cell preparation methods and gating strategies and also evaluated the use of isotype controls and unstained cells as controls for the identification of positive populations. The use of a “doublet discriminator” using a side scatter area signal versus side scatter height signal dot plot to identify single cells for analysis increases the accuracy of results regardless of the method used to dissociate cells. Isotype controls can be helpful in mimicking cellular nonspecific binding of the experimental antibody reaction. Isotype controls behave differently on stem cells at different stages of differentiation. Analysis of a viable single cell population with careful selection of control cell populations increases the accuracy of results. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry