bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Between the Vascular Responses to Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Individual Skeletal Muscles of the Cat
Authors: Bowman W C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of intra-arterially and intravenously administered adrenaline and noradrenaline on the venous outflow from individual muscles in the hind limbs of cats under chloralose anaesthesia were studied. The various responses to these amines were shown to depend on the dose administered, the route of injection, the general arterial blood pressure and the vasomotor tone in the muscle. They did not vary with the type of muscle studied. When the vasomotor tone was high, intra-arterially administered adrenaline caused vasodilatation, vasoconstriction or a compound response according to the dose administered. Intra-arterially administered noradrenaline caused only vasoconstriction. However, both intravenously administered adrenaline and noradrenaline in small doses caused vasodilatation in skeletal muscles, the former being the more potent. That this effect depended on intact nervous connections was confirmed in cross-circulation experiments in which the muscle of one cat was perfused entirely by blood from a donor cat. When the vasomotor tone in the muscle was low, either naturally or as a result of acute denervation, it was difficult to produce any dilatation with adrenaline, and noradrenaline always caused vasoconstriction. Under these conditions, the increase in blood flow produced by the intravenous administration of the amines was shown, by means of a blood pressure stabiliser, to be a passive effect caused by the rise in blood pressure forcing more blood through the muscles.
The Effect of Isoprenaline on the Blood Flow Through Individual Skeletal Muscles in The Anaesthetised Cat
Authors: Bowman W C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of intra-arterially and intravenously administered isoprenaline on the venous outflow from individual skeletal muscles in the hind limbs of cats under chloralose anaesthesia were studied. By intraarterial injection isoprenaline was more powerful in causing vasodilatation than adrenaline. The dilator response to intravenously administered isoprenaline was shown by cross-circulation techniques and by the use of a blood pressure stabiliser, to be reflexly inhibited by a vasoconstriction initiated by the fall in blood pressure. In the innervated muscle when vasomotor tone was high, intravenously administered adrenaline was more potent than isoprenaline in producing vasodilatation. The reverse was true in the acutely denervated muscle. The dilator response to isoprenaline was shown to be the result of a direct action on the muscle blood vessels; no evidence was obtained of a reflex dilatation, such as has been demonstrated with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Studies on Acorus Calamus, Part II
Authors: Dandiya P C , Baxter R M , Walker G C , Cullumbine H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The capacity to potentiate the sedative action of pentobarbitone by the volatile oil of Indian Acorus calamus has been used to screen various fractions of the oil for the presence of the principle responsible. The methods used for the removal of the oxygenated components of the oil did not remove the active material. The results show that the active principle resides in the hydrocarbon fraction of the oil or in an oxygenated component not removed by the methods employed. The volatile oil from the European Acorus calamus showed activity similar to the oil from the Indian drug.
The Stability of Thioglycollate Solutions
Authors: Cook A M , Steel K J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The pH of, and amount of oxidation occurring in, thioglycollate solutions is influenced by the method of preparation of the solutions from thioglycollic acid. When heat is employed to effect solution, the oxidation of the resultant thioglycollate increases with increase in pH and temperature of storage. Solutions prepared without heat may exhibit a more alkaline reaction than expected. Storage of such solutions causes a fall in their pH, the extent of which is determined by the temperature and time of storage. The effect of storage at different temperatures upon the oxidation of thioglycollate is not as great with unheated solutions as in heated solutions. Oxidation of thioglycollate is increased by dilution. The dithiodiglycollate, produced on oxidation of thioglycollate, itself undergoes decomposition in alkaline conditions.
Effects of Chlorpromazine, Promazine, Diethazine, Reserpine, Hydroxyzine, and Morphine upon Some mono- and Polysynaptic Motor Reflexes
Authors: Silvestrini B , Maffii G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of chlorpromazine, promazine, diethazine, reserpine, hydroxyzine and morphine on some mono- and polysynaptic motor reflexes have been investigated in intact, spinal and decerebrate cats and rabbits. Chlorpromazine, promazine, reserpine and hydroxyzine selectively depress the monosynaptic spinal reflexes (knee jerk) of the intact animals. Polysynaptic reflexes (linguo-mandibular and crossed extensor) are slightly affected. In both cats and rabbits the brain of which was disconnected from the spinal cord by surgical sections at different levels, the inhibitory action of these drugs disappears. Morphine and diethazine, on the contrary, selectively depress the polysynaptic reflexes (linguo-mandibular) and in a minor degree the monosynaptic ones (knee jerk): this action is retained in spinal animals. These findings are discussed and related to other pharmacological properties of the compounds.
The Determination of the Origin of Opium, Part 11. Simultaneous Assayo of Narcotinte Thebainae and Papaverine in Opium by Infra-Red Spectroscopy
Authors: Bakre V J , Karaata Zisan , Bartlet J C , Farmilo C G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of the percentage of narcotine, thebaine and papaverine in opium by an infrared method has been developed. Examination of the infra-red spectrum of the carbon tetrachloride solution of the dried chloroform residue from an acetic acid-water opium solution revealed a quantitative relationship between the absorbances at 1767, 1602 and 1160 cm.−1 and the concentration of narcotine, thebaine and papaverine.
The Physical Properties of Lysolecithin and Its Sols
Authors: Robinson N , Saunders L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The viscosity of pure lysolecithin sols increased approximately linearly with concentration and had a very small negative temperature coefficient. The viscosity of the sols increased in alkaline conditions when distinct ageing effects became apparent which were found to be irreversible on neutralisation of the sols. The viscosities of mixed sols of lysolecithin-cholesterol, lysolecithin-triolein and lysolecithin-monostearin have also been investigated; the two former systems did not show marked viscosity changes. In contrast, the lysolecithin-monostearin sols became very viscous with increasing monostearin concentration and with a rise in temperature gels were eventually formed which were stable for at least a month. Cholesterol introduced as a third component into the mixed lysolecithin-lecithin sol was found to lower the viscosity of the latter system.
The Interaction of Phenolic Compounds with Bacteria
Authors: Beckett A H , Patki S J , Robinson Ann E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Various quantitative aspects of the interaction of hexylresorcinol with E. coli suspensions are described. The amounts of hexylresorcinol bound by the bacteria from solutions of varying concentrations were determined and the speed of this reaction and the influence of temperature on the extent of binding examined. The release of cellular constituents from the bacteria and the changes in the light-scattering properties of E. coli suspensions on addition of hexylresorcinol were also investigated. These results are discussed in relation to the site of antibacterial action of hexylresorcinol.
The Interaction of Phenolic Compounds With Bacteria
Authors: Beckett A H , Patki S J , Robinson Ann E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The uptake of hexylresorcinol by suspensions of E. coli and the associated release of cellular constituents were examined using heat-killed and butanol-treated organisms. The effect of the addition of cetomacrogol to the system was evaluated in terms of the reduction in the extent of drug binding and the prevention of the hexylresorcinol-dependent light-scattering changes of E. coli suspensions. Sodium chloride potentiation of the latter effect and of the release of cell exudate from the bacteria on treatment with hexylresorcinol was also investigated.
A Study of Bacteriological Media: the examination Of Peptides in Bacto-Casitone
Authors: Habeeb A F S A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three batches of Bacto-Casitone have been fractionated by the combined use of paper electrophoresis at pH 5.8 and paper chromatography in butanol-acetic acid-water system. Batches A, B and C showed 61, 73 and 73 subfractions respectively. Some of the subfractions have been found to be a mixture of few peptides while others consist of a single peptide by N-terminal amino acid analysis.
An Investigation into the Action of Bases on Chloroform
Authors: Williams Hywel 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The reaction of a number of bases with chloroform has been studied by titration of the liberated halide ion. The results are interpreted in the light of strength of the base, and steric factors. The examination of solutions of strong bases such as piperidine and pyrrolidine in chloroform B.P. indicates that the base reacts with an impurity present. This paper provides additional confirmation, to that obtained by Caws and Foster, of the presence of reactive halogeno-hydrocarbons in this solvent. Methods are also described for assessing the quality of a sample of chloroform B.P., and for preparing chloroform free from these reactive impurities.
The Isolation and Detection of Ergometrine in Toxicological Analysis
Authors: Curry A S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The isolation of ergometrine from viscera is accomplished by extraction with ether from an ammoniacal aqueous solution saturated with ammonium sulphate. Purification is achieved by paper chromatography and detection of 0.1 μg. by ultra-violet fluorescence and the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction. The detection of ergometrine and procaine in urine samples after administration of therapeutic doses is described.
Some Pharmacological Properties of a Commercial Heart Extract
Authors: Conway C M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An investigation was made of the pharmacological properties of a commercial heart extract (Recosen), said to be of value in the treatment of angina pectoris. This extract increased coronary flow but decreased force of beat in isolated perfused mammalian hearts. It potentiated the pressor effects of adrenaline in the spinal cat whilst not affecting those of noradrenaline, and it antagonised the actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline upon intestinal muscle. A mild anticholinesterase activity was demonstrated on striped muscle. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Influence of Copper and Edta on the Alkaline Oxidation of Adrenaline
Authors: Harthon J G Lennart 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Adrenaline can be determined quantitatively in the presence of sulphite by measuring the maximum fluorescence obtained by oxidation in alkaline solution. The presence of copper in the solution quenches the fluorescence according to Stern-Volmer's law. Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid present in copper-free solutions has no influence on the fluorescence intensity curve. When copper is present as EDTA-complex the oxidation is strongly catalysed and the fluorescence maximum appears earlier the higher the concentration of complex. The reactions do not seem to be photochemically influenced.
Effect of Local Anaesthetics on Barbiturate Sleeping Time
Authors: Smith A E Wilder , Frommel Edouard , Morris Ralph W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of certain local anaesthetics on barbiturate sleep in the mouse and the guinea pig is described. One of a series of new local anaesthetics 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylcarbamoylethyl)pyrrolidine (WS 10) prolongs barbiturate sleep in the guinea pig 2.3 times at the optimal dose without obvious side effects; other closely related members of the same series diminish barbiturate sleep.
The Chemistry of the Aristolochia Species. Part V. A Comparative Study of Acidic and Basic Constituents of A. Reticulata Linn., A. Serpentaria Linn., A. Longa Linn. and A. Indica Linn
Authors: Coutts R T , Stenlake J B , Williams W D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Aristolochic acid (I) was present in single samples of A. longa and A. indica, in two samples of A. serpentaria, and four samples of A. reticulata. Aristo-red (II) was present only in the samples of A. reticulata and A. serpentaria. Contrary to numerous reports of alkaloids in Aristolochia species, the current investigation has revealed the presence of only negligible amounts in the samples of A. indica, A. longa, A. reticulata and A. serpentaria examined. A flavone isolated from A. reticulata has been identified as isorhamnetin.
Observations on the Release and Turnover Rate of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Erspamer V , Testini A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three groups of experiments were carried out on man, dogs and rabbits to strengthen the theory of the intestinal origin of blood 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and to contribute to the solution of the problem of the turnover rate of 5-HT in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Serum obtained from blood taken by catheterisation from the hepatic veins contained, in man and dogs, more 5-HT than serum obtained from vena cava blood. Moreover, dogs deprived operatively of the entire gastrointestinal tract presented a sharp drop in the urinary 5-HIAA excretion. It was tentatively calculated, from the data gathered in this study, that half-life of gastrointestinal 5-HT is approximately 6 to 8 hours in dogs, and 7 to 12 hours in man.
The Surface Activity of 1,16-Hexadecane Disodium Sulphate at the Air: Water Interface
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The surface tensions of 1,16-hexadecane disodium sulphate in 0.001, 0.2 and 1.0M l.−1 sodium chloride solutions have been determined by the Wilhelmy plate method. Considerable ageing effects were noted. The minimum molecular areas calculated were 95, 88 and 86 sq. Å respectively in the three salt solutions. The lowering of the surface tension was not as great as that caused by sodium dodecyl sulphate, and the hydrocarbon chain linking the two head groups in 1,16-hexadecane disodium sulphate appeared to prevent very close packing in the surface layer.
The Quantitative Response of the Oxygen Consumption and Weight of Guinea Pigs to Some Metabolic Stimulants. With a Note on (±)-5-Iodotryptophan
Authors: Harvey D G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Regression coefficients for dose and oxygen consumption have been derived for 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNC), 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP), and (-)-thyroxine. (±)-5-Iodotryptophan has no significant effect on the oxygen consumption or weight of guinea pigs.
Studies on a New Cellulase Preparation from Penicillium: I. Method of Determining Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Fredrik A , Eriksson V , Lindvall Sven 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The viscosimetric method described is suitable for the determination of enzymatic activity when the substrate is a polyelectrolyte or a polymer to which Staudinger's law is not applicable. It has been tested experimentally for determining the activity of cellulase isolated from Penicillium, with carboxymethylcellulose as substrate.
Autoxidation, and its Inhibition, in Anhydrous Lanolin
Authors: Clark E W , Kitchen G F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Long-term storage tests under good and bad conditions, and accelerated active oxygen method tests, have shown that autoxidative degradation of anhydrous lanolin can be satisfactorily inhibited for at least 32 months under good conditions or 2 years under bad conditions by 100 p.p.m. of butylated hydroxytoluene or butylated hydroxyanisole. Good results from other antoxidants, and disadvantages of some, are reported. Different lanolins are affected to different degrees, possible reasons being suggested, but autoxidation when uninhibited does not penetrate deeper than 1 cm. even after 2 years of adverse conditions; there is a fall in melting point and formation of up to 4.7 per cent of water-soluble substances including low-molecular weight acids. Absence of change in iodine value and rapid increase of acidity in darkness are contrary to previous reports.
A Pharmacologic Study of Some Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Authors: Buday Paul V , Carr C Jelleff , Miya Tom S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Adenosine, adenosine-5′-phosphoric acid (AMP), adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP), uridine, uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP), and cytidine diphosphate-5′-choline (CDPCh) were studied in vitro and in vivo. The intraventricular injection of high doses of adenosine, ATP, and methacholine into rats elicited clonic-tonic convulsions or an akinetic state, or both. Perfusion of frog hearts in situ with equimolar concentrations of the “high-energy” compounds, with the exception of ATP, failed to exert any positive inotropic effects, ATP did not potentiate the inotropic actions of (—)-adrenaline or (—)-noradrenaline. The cholinergic-like properties of adenosine and ATP were partially antagonised by concomitant perfusion with methylene blue, ATP, but not adenosine, obliterated transitorily, the cardio-toxicity of pilocarpine. The inhibition of the isolated clam heart by AMP and ATP qualitatively resembled the effects of acetylcholine (Ach). Antagonism of the cardio-depressant properties of AMP and ATP by benzoquinonium and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) also supports previous evidence that the adenyl compounds act similarly to the cholinergic mediator, ATP produced marked contractions and a tonotropic effect on the oestrogenised, isolated, quiescent rat uterus; these effects were destroyed by low concentrations of (—)-adrenaline and papaverine. Adenosine, AMP, and CDPCh in equimolarities elicited no response from this test preparation.
Chromatographic Separation of the Degradation Products of Pralidoxime Iodide (Pyridine-2-Aldoxime Methiodide)
Authors: Ellin Robert I , Easterday David E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A satisfactory method for the separation and identification of in vitro breakdown products of pralidoxime iodide (PAM; pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide; 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-N-metnylpyridinium iodide) by paper chromatographic techniques is described
Spectrofluorometric Analysis of Cardiotonic Steroids
Authors: Wells D , Katzung B , Meyers F H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The sensitive and specific fluorimetric methods introduced by Jensen (1952; 1953) for digitalis estimation were re-evaluated for the assay of cardiotonic steroids and other steroids of biological interest. Characteristics of the excitation and fluorescence spectra were determined. Using a modification of Jensen's original digitoxin method and a spectrofluorometer, a linear relation was demonstrated between fluorescence intensity and concentrations from 0.01 to 6 μg./ml. for both digitoxin and digoxin. Application of these methods to the assay of gitoxin and cholesterol would seem to be equally practicable. In addition, scillaren A and B and strophanthin K can be made to fluoresce weakly. On the other hand, ouabain, cholestanol, testosterone, and hydrocortisone showed no fluorescence. Possible mechanisms of the reactions are discussed
Pirinitramide (R 3365), A Potent Analgesic with Unusual Chemical Structure
Authors: Janssen Paul A J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The novelty of the unusual chemical features of the pirinitramide (R 3365) molecule is outlined. It is shown that the compound possesses many morphine-like properties
In most tests it is more active than morphine by the subcutaneous route, but many times more active orally. As a respiratory depressant agent pirinitramide is possibly less potent in rats than morphine and as an emetic in dogs it is much less active
Antitrichomonal Agents 5-Nitrothiazoles, 5-Nitropyridines and 5-Nitropyrimidines
Authors: Michaels R M , Strube R E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some 5-nitrothiazoles, 5-nitropyridines and 5-nitropyrimidines have been synthesised and evaluated against Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas foetus in vitro and in vivo in the mouse, hamster and monkey. Although 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine, 2-acetamido-5-nitropyrimidine and 2-trifluoroacetamido-5-nitropyrimidine were highly active in mice infected with T. vaginalis the activity was not superior to the standard 2-acetamido-5-nitrothiazole. The nitropyrimidines were highly species specific, being much more active in vivo against T. vaginalis than against T. foetus. One compound, 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine was selected as the best of this series because of the high blood levels obtained after a single oral dose in a monkey, and its presence in a biologically active form
The Neuromuscular Blocking Action of Tetraethylammonium
Authors: Thomas J , Starmer G A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The abnormally low activity of tetraethylammonium at the neuromuscular junction of the rat-diaphragm has been investigated. It seems possible to explain this lack of action in terms of the charge delocalisation and the stereochemistry of tetraethylammonium. The neuromuscular blocking activities of tetraethylammonium, isomers of it and related quaternary ammonium compounds have been determined and the structure activity relationships are discussed
An Investigation of the Metabolism of Neostigmine in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Scott Carol A , Nowell P T , Wilson A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Evidence of two metabolic products of neostigmine has been obtained by paper chromatography of urinary extracts from patients receiving the drug. One product has been identified as m-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium bromide and the relevance of this is discussed in relation to the therapeutic effect of oral neostigmine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. A method is described for extracting neostigmine and related compounds from urine by precipitation with bromine water.
The Controlled Potential Reduction of Crystal Violet and Brilliant Green at the Stirred Mercury Cathode
Authors: Butler C G , Martin F P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The application of controlled potential coulometry to the electro-reduction of the triphenylmethane dyestuffs crystal violet and brilliant green is described below. The polarographic work by Kaye and Stonehill (1952) indicated that, like the aminoacridines previously examined (Wilson, Butler, Ingle and Taylor, 1960), these were reduced in two stages each involving the uptake of one electron. The aim of the present work was to seek confirmation of this by direct measurement of the quantities of electricity involved in the reduction of a known amount of dyestuff.
The Effect of Age on the Viability of Penicillium Notatum Spores in Water and Solutions of Phenol
Authors: Chauhan N M , Walters V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Immature spores have a slower rate of germination and less of them germinate than mature spores; they are also more sensitive to unfavourable temperatures. Physiologically senescent spores behave similarly (Cochrane, 1958). We report a variation in resistance to phenol of Penicillium notatum spores of different ages.
The Mitragyna Species of Ghana
Authors: Beckett A H , Shellard E J , Tackie A N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The alkaloids rotundifoline, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline and isorotundifoline have been isolated from the leaves of Mitragyna stipulosa (D.C.), O. Kuntze (Rubiaceae). Traces of mitra-phylline were found in a few samples. The approximate concentration in various parts of the tree are recorded.