bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and protein conformation of thermally treated silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and scallop (Argopecten irradians) blended gels
Authors: Fan Xinru , Geng Wenhao , Li Meng , Wu Zixuan , Li Ying , Yu Shuang , Zhao Guanhua , Zhao Qiancheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of surimi‐based products can be improved by combining the flesh of different aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effects of incorporating diverse ratios of unwashed silver carp (H) and scallop (A) and using various thermal treatments on the moisture, texture, microstructure, and conformation of the blended gels and myofibrillar protein of surimi.RESULTSA mixture ratio of A:H = 1:3 yielded the highest gel strength, which was 60.4% higher than that of scallop gel. The cooking losses of high‐pressure heating and water‐bath microwaving were significantly higher than those of other methods (P < 0.05). Moreover, the two‐step water bath and water‐bath microwaving samples exhibited a more regular spatial network structure compared to other samples. The mixed samples exhibited a microstructure with a uniform and ordered spatial network, allowing more free water to be trapped by the internal structure, resulting in more favorable gel properties. The thermal treatments comprehensively modified the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins in unwashed mixed gel promoted protein unfurling, provided more hydrophobic interactions, enhanced protein aggregation and improved the gel performance.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the present study improve our understanding of the interactions between proteins from different sources. We propose a new method for modifying surimi's gel properties, facilitating the development of mixed surimi products, as well as enhancing the efficient utilization of aquatic resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Study on the effect of enzymolysis combined fermentation on reducing the off‐flavor of egg white powder
Authors: Chen Yujie , Ma Lulu , Liu Ying , Huo Jiaying , Gao Ying , Dong Shijian , Li Shugang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of egg white powder (EWP) was subject to its off‐flavor. In the present study, flavourzyme and lactic acid bacteria were used to treat egg white powder (EWP) and the mechanism effects of enzymolysis–fermentation were explored.RESULTSCompared with the control group, enzymolysis combined with fermentation treatment group (EW‐EF) reduced the four‐representative off‐flavor compounds (geranyl acetone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, octanal and nonanal) by more than 62.66%. Fermentation produced esters with good flavor, and enzymolysis produced fresh amino acids. Characterization of protein structure indicated that fermentation decreased both fluorescence intensity and surface negative charges, accelerating the aggregation of proteins; enzymolysis promoted aggregation and degradation, improving the stability of the egg white proteins. Meanwhile, enzymolysis broke down the hydrophobic cavities bound to off‐flavor compounds, releasing protein‐bound off‐flavor compounds and removing them through fermentation.CONCLUSIONEW‐EF had the best effect of off‐flavor removal on EWP. The results of the present study could provide a green and effective method for improving the flavor of EWP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improvement of oligonucleotide separation using a repetto high‐performance liquid chromatography recycling approach
Authors: Fiserova Barbora , Minarik Milan , Nahunek Michal , Kysilka Roman , Minarik Marek 
Published: June 2024

A new approach for the improvement of separation of oligonucleotides by recycling ion‐pairing chromatography is described. In the so‐called repetto process, segments of separated compounds are sequentially returned to the inlet for multiple passages through the column without a need to pass a pump and with the possibility of detecting the level of separation between individual passages. Unlike in the recently described twin‐column recycle approach in which eluents are repeatedly transferred between two separation columns, with the repetto method a single column is sufficient, and the detector is not exposed to high back pressure. The repetto principle was used for the separation of synthetic oligonucleotides, resulting in a multi‐fold improvement in single nt resolution of long (> 50 nt) synthetic oligonucleotide fragments with high gas chromatography (guanine‐cytosine) content > 40% and their separation from impurities of the original synthesis.
Deep Learning‐Based Segmentation and Risk Stratification for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Transabdominal Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Zhuo Minling , Chen Xing , Guo Jingjing , Qian Qingfu , Xue Ensheng , Chen Zhikui 
Published: June 2024

PurposeTo develop a deep neural network system for the automatic segmentation and risk stratification prediction of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).MethodsA total of 980 ultrasound (US) images from 245 GIST patients were retrospectively collected. These images were randomly divided (6:2:2) into a training set, a validation set, and an internal test set. Additionally, 188 US images from 47 prospective GIST patients were collected to evaluate the segmentation and diagnostic performance of the model. Five deep learning‐based segmentation networks, namely, UNet, FCN, DeepLabV3+, Swin Transformer, and SegNeXt, were employed, along with the ResNet 18 classification network, to select the most suitable network combination. The performance of the segmentation models was evaluated using metrics such as the intersection over union (IoU), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), recall, and precision. The classification performance was assessed based on accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsAmong the compared models, SegNeXt‐ResNet18 exhibited the best segmentation and classification performance. On the internal test set, the proposed model achieved IoU, DSC, precision, and recall values of 82.1, 90.2, 91.7, and 88.8%, respectively. The accuracy and AUC for GIST risk prediction were 87.4 and 92.0%, respectively. On the external test set, the segmentation models exhibited IoU, DSC, precision, and recall values of 81.0, 89.5, 92.8, and 86.4%, respectively. The accuracy and AUC for GIST risk prediction were 86.7 and 92.5%, respectively.ConclusionThis two‐stage SegNeXt‐ResNet18 model achieves automatic segmentation and risk stratification prediction for GISTs and demonstrates excellent segmentation and classification performance.
Etiology of Childhood Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss: The Role of Hearing Loss Gene Panel Testing
Authors: Rajput Kaukab , Akhtar Umar , Pagarkar Waheeda , Rajput Sarah , Walder Claire , D'Arco Felice , Cochrane Lesley , Nash Robert , Bitner‐Glindzicz Maria , Omar Rohani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveEstablishing the cause of hearing loss (HL) is important and rewarding, though not without its challenges. While our ability to identify the etiology for HL has improved with advances in scientific knowledge, a significant proportion of cases remain of unknown etiology. Recent protocol changes within the NHS Genomic Medicine Service support the utilization of the HL gene panel test, rather than individual gene tests. In light of these changes, determining the yield of these more extensive panel tests is important in informing future practice.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingThe Cochlear Implant (CI) Department at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH).MethodsFour hundred seventy‐six children with profound HL were identified from a database of referrals to the GOSH CI Department. Data on etiology of HL including genetic diagnosis was collected from hospital notes on an electronic patient records system and hospital genetics database.ResultsWe identified a positive result in 163/476 (34%) cases through the gene panel test, representing an additional 19% yield to current level 1 investigations. Genetic HL, including both syndromic (including those not covered by the HL gene panel) and nonsyndromic (209/476, 44%) was the most common etiology in our cohort. Perinatal, intrauterine, ototoxicity, meningitis, and encephalitis categories altogether comprised 97/476 (20%) cases.ConclusionGene panel testing provides significant additional yield over current level 1 investigations which include GJB2 testing only. This has far‐reaching implications for how we optimize investigations into HL in children and counsel families, and for future early interventions.
Prevalence of and Barriers to Health Disparities Education Among Otolaryngology Residency Curricula
Authors: Snee Isabel , Hakimi Amir , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of health disparities curricula in otolaryngology residency programs and identify implementation barriers.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingNational otolaryngology residency programs.MethodsA survey based on published literature discussing the incorporation of health disparities curricula, educational design, quality, barriers to implementation, and patient demographics was sent to US otolaryngology residency program directors (PDs). Otolaryngology programs excluded from consideration included those of osteopathic recognition, programs outside of the United States, and military programs. In excluding osteopathic, international, and military‐based residency programs from our survey, we aimed to maintain sample homogeneity and focus our analysis on allopathic programs due to potential variations in demographic compositions and practice settings. This decision was made to ensure a more targeted examination of health disparities within a specific context, aligning with our research objectives and resource constraints. Anonymous survey results were collected and analyzed to determine the prevalence of health disparities curricula as well as their effectiveness and standardization across residency programs.ResultsA total of 24 PDs (response rate, 23%) responded to the survey. Half of the PDs reported having a health disparities curriculum, among whom only 25% felt the quality of their curriculum was very good or excellent. All institutions with an explicit health disparities educational program reported having developed their own curriculum, 75% of which changed annually. However, 92% of these programs reported not measuring outcomes to assess their curriculum's utility. The most reported barriers to curriculum development for all programs included insufficient time (63%), limited teaching ability specific to health disparities education (54%), and faculty disinterest in teaching (33%).ConclusionVery few of the surveyed otolaryngology residency programs have implemented a health disparities curriculum. A comprehensive and standardized health disparities curriculum would be beneficial to ensure that residents can confidently develop competency in health disparities, aligning with the Clinical Learning Environment Review mandate and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education expectations.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with intermediate‐risk neuroblastoma treated with response‐ and biology‐based therapy: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study ANBL0531
Authors: Barr Erin K. , Naranjo Arlene , Twist Clare J. , Tenney Sheena C. , Schmidt Mary Lou , London Wendy B. , Gastier‐Foster Julie , Adkins E. Stanton , Mattei Peter , Handler Michael H. , Matthay Katherine K. , Park Julie R. , Maris John M. , Desai Ami V. , Cohn Susan L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported excellent three‐year overall survival (OS) for patients with newly diagnosed intermediate‐risk neuroblastoma treated with a biology‐ and response‐based algorithm on the Children's Oncology Group study ANBL0531. We now present the long‐term follow‐up results.MethodsAll patients who met the age, stage, and tumor biology criteria for intermediate‐risk neuroblastoma were eligible. Treatment was based on prognostic biomarkers and overall response. Event‐free survival (EFS) and OS were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsThe 10‐year EFS and OS for the entire study cohort (n = 404) were 82.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 77.2%‐86.9%) and 94.7% (95% CI, 91.8%‐97.5%), respectively. International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage 4 patients (n = 133) had inferior OS compared with non–stage 4 patients (n = 271; 10‐year OS: 90.8% [95% CI, 84.5%‐97.0%] vs 96.6% [95% CI, 93.9%‐99.4%], p = .02). Infants with stage 4 tumors with ≥1 unfavorable biological feature (n = 47) had inferior EFS compared with those with favorable biology (n = 61; 10‐year EFS: 66.8% [95% CI, 50.4%‐83.3%] vs 86.9% [95% CI, 76.0%‐97.8%], p = .02); OS did not differ (10‐year OS: 84.4% [95% CI, 71.8%‐97.0%] vs 95.0% [95% CI, 87.7%‐100.0%], p = .08). Inferior EFS but not OS was observed among patients with tumors with (n = 26) versus without (n = 314) 11q loss of heterozygosity (10‐year EFS: 68.4% [95% CI, 44.5%‐92.2%] vs 83.9% [95% CI, 78.7%‐89.2%], p = .03; 10‐year OS: 88.0% [95% CI, 72.0%‐100.0%] vs 95.7% [95% CI, 92.8%‐98.6%], p = .09).ConclusionsThe ANBL0531 trial treatment algorithm resulted in excellent long‐term survival. More effective treatments are needed for subsets of patients with unfavorable biology tumors.
Effects of adding nanodiamonds in mechanical properties of jute and ramie fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Arun Kumar M. , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Kanniyappan Sudhakar , Karthikeyan B. , Chadha Utkarsh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to investigate the potential impact of nanodiamond filler particles on the mechanical and morphological characteristics of epoxy composites that are fortified with ramie and jute fibers. Composed of composite laminates containing nanodiamonds at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt. %, the laminates were produced via vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI to evaluate the alterations in mechanical properties, Vickers hardness, tensile, and flexural tests were conducted on the prepared composites). The findings showed that adding 0.3 wt. % nanodiamonds to epoxy composites significantly improved the hardness of the composites about 18.56% and 34.38%, the tensile strength of the composites about 19.1% and 28.01%, and the flexural strength of the composites about 17.7% and 21.12% for ramie/epoxy and jute/epoxy, respectively. The optimal concentration of nanodiamonds for both types of fibers in order to optimize these properties was calculated to be 0.3 wt. % of nanodiamonds. A micro‐x‐ray CT scan was performed to determine the percentage of porosity in composites. The utilization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that an increase in the nanodiamond content led to enhanced fiber dispersion and reduced interfacial voids. In contrast, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis unveils the hydrophobic characteristics, cellulose content, and improved interfacial bonding between the fibers and the epoxy matrix, which is attributed to the robust covalent bonding enabled by the nanodiamonds.Highlights
Adding nanodiamonds (NDs) improved adhesion at fiber‐matrix interface.
Mechanical properties peaked for composites with 0.3 wt. % of NDs.
Beyond 0.3 wt. % of NDs, agglomerates in composites were observed through SEM.
Void percent increased for composites with 0.5 wt. % of NDs.
Cryogenics performance enhancement of epoxy resin composites through negative expansion nanomaterials: Mechanism and predictive modeling
Authors: Jin Runze , Xu Baosheng , Qu Lijie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe matrix cracking of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composites (CFRPs) at cryogenics (such as liquid nitrogen temperature) is a major issue affecting the normal operation of deep space and deep‐sea detectors, as microcracks caused by the thermal residual stress of both can reduce the structural integrity of the devices. In this work, we report an epoxy (EP) nanofiller CuO nanorods (CuO NRs) with negative thermal expansion properties at cryogenics. Experiments showed that CuO NRs can effectively inhibit the shrinkage of EP at cryogenics and improve the mechanical properties of EP at cryogenics. A temperature dependent prediction model for the tensile strength of EP/CuO NRs was proposed, and the predicted results were in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, through a combination of experiments and theory, it was demonstrated that the tensile strength of EP/CuO NRs at cryogenics is jointly enhanced by the enhancement effect of the nanomaterials and the axial compressive thermal residual stress between EP and CuO NRs.Highlights
Successfully prepared CuO nanorods with negative expansion properties at low temperatures, and found that they can effectively inhibit the shrinkage of epoxy resin at cryogenics.
At cryogenics, the expansion of CuO nanorods enhances their interface effect with epoxy resin and improves the tensile strength of epoxy resin composites.
The theory of tensile strength of epoxy resin at cryogenics was proposed for the first time. Theoretical analysis shows that the low temperature residual thermal stress between CuO nanorods and epoxy resin is the main factor to improve its tensile strength.
Studying the effect of polycarbonate sheet integration on glass fiber‐epoxy hybrid composite performance for automotive applications
Authors: Seif Amr , Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Megahed M. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polycarbonate provides minimal structural weight and ductility and is a recyclable material. However, investigation of the characteristics of hybrid composites reinforced with woven glass and polycarbonate sheets is limited. This current study investigated the effect of integration of polycarbonate sheets on glass fiber‐epoxy hybrid composite performance. Non hybrid laminate was fabricated from eight layers of woven glass fiber impregnated with epoxy resin (NG). However, the hybrid samples utilized various symmetric stacking patterns which were made by alternating two processed polycarbonate (PC) sheets with six layers of woven glass fiber embedded with epoxy matrix. The manufacturing was made using the hand layup procedure. Mechanical testing includes compressive, tensile, bearing, and hardness was performed on hybrid and non‐hybrid composites. The results showed that employing PC sheets instead of fibers affect the laminate's strength, ductility, bearing capacity, and hardness. Utilization of PC sheets reduces both compressive and tensile strength. However, an enhancement in tensile, compressive, and bearing failure strain was achieved by 2.5%, 31.25% and 31.7%, respectively with hybrid composite having PC in the skin layers as compared with NG. The extent of failure damage is correlated with the position of the PC sheets in the tested samples.Highlights
Novel hybrid composites of woven glass fiber and polycarbonate sheet as reinforcement with various stacking orders were successfully prepared by the hand lay‐up method.
The compressive strain of hybrid PC samples are higher than NG sample.
The hybrid PC composites showed an improved bearing strength and strain performance.
The influence of sample configuration on the damage mechanisms has been investigated.
Irrigation impact on boundary layer and precipitation characteristics in Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations during LIAISE‐2021
Authors: Udina Mireia , Peinó Eric , Polls Francesc , Mercader Jordi , Guerrero Iciar , Valmassoi Arianna , Paci Alexandre , Bech Joan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Land Surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi‐arid Environment (LIAISE) campaign examined the impact of anthropization on the water cycle in terms of land–atmosphere–hydrology interactions. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of irrigation on the atmosphere and on precipitation in Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations during the LIAISE special observation period in July 2021. Comparisons between simulations and observations show better verification scores for air temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction when the model included the irrigation parametrization, improving the model warm and dry bias at 2 m over irrigated areas. Other changes found are the weakening of the sea breeze circulation and a more realistic surface energy partitioning representation. The boundary‐layer height is lowered in the vicinity of irrigated areas, causing a decrease in the lifting condensation level and the level of free convection, which induce increases in convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. Precipitation differences between simulations become relevant for smaller areas, close to the irrigated land. When convection is parametrized, simulations including irrigation tend to produce a decrease in rainfall (negative feedback), whereas convection‐permitting simulations produce an increase (positive feedback), although the latter underestimates substantially the observed precipitation field. In addition, irrigation activation decreases the areas exceeding moderate hourly precipitation intensities in all simulations. There is a local impact of irrigated land on model‐resolved precipitation accumulations and intensities, although including the irrigation parametrization did not improve the representation of the observed precipitation field, as probably the precipitation systems during the LIAISE special observation period in July 2021 were mostly driven by larger scale perturbations or mesoscale systems, more than by local processes. Results reported here not only contribute to enhance our understanding of irrigation effects upon precipitation but also demonstrate the need to include irrigation parametrizations in numerical forecasts to overcome the biases found.
How broadband infrastructure development impacts green innovation? A corporate financialization mediated perspective
Authors: Dong Hanghang , Tao Miaomiao , Wang Jianda , Baiocchi Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDigital technologies constitute a critical enabler for attaining a net zero target. However, how digital infrastructure, the material infrastructure that underpins digital technologies, shapes firms' green innovation remains uncertain. The uniqueness of this analysis lies in evaluating the causal implications of the Broadband China policy on corporate green innovation using a staggered difference‐in‐differences technique. Our study indicates that the Broadband China policy robustly boosts corporate green innovation. However, treatment impacts vary across calendar times, entry cohorts, and exposure durations, with most estimates exhibiting powerful and positive effects. Further analysis indicates that the Broadband China policy boosts green innovation indirectly through financialization by increasing corporate operating income and total asset turnover while minimizing management operating costs. The findings endorse that the corporate green innovation process requires more long‐term, stable, and continuous financial support due to its high information asymmetry, high‐risk nature, and long‐term investment cycle.
Streamlined Formation and Manipulation of Charged Polymersomes
Authors: Lai Rebecca Y. , Wong Chin Ken , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharged polymersomes are attractive for advanced material applications due to their versatile encapsulation capabilities and charge‐induced functionality. Although desirable, the pH‐sensitivity of charged block copolymers adds complexity to its self‐assembly process, making it challenging to produce charged polymersomes in a reliable manner. In this work, a flow approach to control and strike a delicate balance between solvent composition and pH for self‐assembly is used. This allows for the identification of a phase window to reliably produce of charged polymersomes. The utility of this approach to streamline downstream processes, such as morphological transformation or in‐line purification is further demonstrated. As proof‐of‐concept, it is shown that the processed polymersomes can be used for surface modifications facilitated by charge complexation.