bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rendering Schrock‐Type Molybdenum Alkylidene Complexes Air Stable: User‐Friendly Precatalysts for Alkene Metathesis.
Authors: Heppekausen Johannes , Fuerstner Alois 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe decomplexation of phenanthroline or bipyridine ligands from several molybdenum alkylidene complexes using ZnCl2 as activation agent releases tetracoordinate molybdenum complexes, which catalyze high‐yielding metathesis reactions under mild conditions (the activation is carried out at temperatures of 60 to 100°C, the metathesis reaction in the most cases at 25°C).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Azides in Water‐THF Solvent System.
Authors: Swetha M. , Ramana P. Venkata , Shirodkar S. G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel and efficient method for the synthesis of azides is developed using nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, alkoxy esters or acid chlorides with sodium azide in a H2O/THF system.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amidation of C‐Acylimine: A Convenient Access to gem‐Diamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Shujie , Dong Jia , Fu Shaomin , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntramolecular amidation is also possible giving benzimidazoles like (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Double 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to β‐Aryloxyacrylates Involving β‐Oxygen Elimination.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Shiose Shigeru , Suda Yuya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe double arylation reaction proceeds via intermediate formation of cinnamates by β‐oxygen elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphane‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Pan Delin , Zhang Chun , Ding Shengtao , Jiao Ning 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFor substrates without a nitro group, addition of sodium nitrite improves the yield significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Halomethylated Unsaturated Iminolactones (IV)
Authors: Zonouzi Afsaneh , Rahmani Hossein , Biniaz Mojtaba , Izakian Zakieh , Ng Seik Weng 
Published: December 2011

Abstractvia microwave assisted multi‐component reactions under solvent free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: TMSI‐Promoted Diastereoselective Synthesis of 5‐(1′‐Hydroxy)‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Prasad M. Nagendra , Yadav J. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn situ prepared trimethylsilyl iodide is found to be an efficient catalyst for the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of furan (I) with various aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Isomerization of 3‐Alkynoates and [2 + 3]‐Cycloaddition with Imines: Formal Synthesis of Securinega Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Allosecurinine.
Authors: Sampath Magesh , Lee Pei‐Ying Beatrix , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phosphine‐catalyzed one‐pot sequence of isomerization of 3‐alkynoates (I) and following cycloaddition with imines (II) opens an efficient method for the synthesis of syn‐disubstituted pyrrolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts Mediated by L‐Threonine‐Derived Phosphines: Synthesis of 3‐Spirocyclopentene‐2‐oxindoles Having Two Contiguous Quaternary Centers.
Authors: Zhong Fangrui , Han Xiaoyu , Wang Youqing , Lu Yixin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Morita—Baylis—Hillman (MBH) carbonates (II), (IV), and (VII) serve as C3 synthons in asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reactions to give a series of 3‐spirocyclopentene‐2‐oxindoles with two contiguous quaternary centers such as (III), (V), or (VIII) as present in various alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method for the Syntheses of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles Using Ti(IV) Isopropoxide and Cumene Hydroperoxide.
Authors: Havaldar Freddy H. , Mule Ganesh , Dabholkar Bhushan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe oxidative cyclization of Schiff bases derived from o‐phenylenediamines and aldehydes in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide provides a simple and cost‐effective process for the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles (III) (8 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Chromanones.
Authors: Zhong Yong‐Li , Boruta David T. , Gauthier Donald R. Jr. , Askin David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA practical and scalable synthesis is developed by cyclization of readily prepared 3‐aryloxypropanenitriles via Houben—Hoesch reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Racemic Fexofenadine.
Authors: Raghavendra G. M. , Harsha K. B. , Vinaya K. , Mantelingu K. , Rangappa K. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel, environmentally benign route for the preparation of fexofenadine (VIII), a selective H1‐histamine receptor antagonist, is developed starting from commercially available, inexpensive cumene.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and Thiones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Khazdooz Leila , Zarei Amin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn ionic liquid‐catalyzed Biginelli reaction under solvent‐free conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Electron Transfer Cyclizations of Aryl‐Linked Phthalimides.
Authors: Lee Yong‐Jun , Ahn Do‐Hwan , Lee Kyoung‐Sub , Kim Ae Rhan , Yoo Dong Jin , Oelgemoeller Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe efficiency of the reactions depend on the substitution pattern of the arene and the extent of the linking carbon tether.
ChemInform Abstract: Yojironins E—I, Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum yojiroanum.
Authors: Tanaka Naonobu , Mamemura Takuji , Shibazaki Azusa , Gonoi Tohru , Kobayashi Jun'ichi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractYojironins E—I (I)—(V) are isolated from the whole plants of H.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Androgen Receptor Downregulators as an Approach to Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer.
Authors: Bradbury Robert H. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA medicinal chemistry program, derived from a novel, triazolopyridazine‐based androgen receptor ligand leads to the discovery of (I), for which high plasma levels following oral administration in an in vivo model compensate for moderate cellular potency.
ChemInform Abstract: End Group Reactions of RAFT‐Prepared (Co)Polymers
Authors: Harvison M. Alyse , Roth Peter J. , Davis Thomas P. , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReview: reactions of thiocarbonylthio groups with an emphasis on the chemistry conducted at ω or α and ω chain‐ends in copolymers prepared by reversible addition—fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization; 212 refs.
Feasibility of in vivo myelin water imaging using 3D multigradient‐echo pulse sequences
Authors: Lenz C. , Klarhöfer M. , Scheffler K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuantitative myelin water imaging is able to show demyelinating processes and, therefore, provides insight into the pathology of white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. So far, mapping of the myelin water fraction most often was performed using single‐slice multiecho spin‐echo sequences. Recently, a different approach using two‐dimensional multigradient‐echo pulse sequences was suggested. In this work, a solution to three‐dimensional in vivo myelin water fraction imaging is presented that applies multigradient‐echo pulse sequences and uses non‐negative least squares algorithms to analyze the multicomponent T*2 decay. The suggested method offers not only whole brain coverage but also clinically practicable acquisition times. The obtained myelin water fraction values are low (6.9% for white matter) but are able to detect demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions. However, the clinical application of the proposed method remains questionable, because further measurements that clarify the possibility of detecting ongoing processes in lesions are needed. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus among Japanese Healthcare Workers: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Nukui Yoko , Hatakeyama Shuji , Kitazawa Takatoshi , Mahira Tamami , Shintani Yoshizumi , Moriya Kyoji 
Published: December 2011

Objective.To evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection among healthcare personnel.Design.Observational cross-sectional study.Patients and Setting.Healthcare workers (HCWs) in an acute care hospital.Methods.Between September 14 and October 4, 2009, before 2009 H1N1 vaccination, we collected serological samples from 461 healthy HCWs. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody assays were conducted. To evaluate the risk factors of seropositivity for 2009 H1N1 virus, gender, age, profession, work department, usage of personal protective equipment, and seasonal influenza vaccination status data were gathered via questionnaires.Results.Our survey showed that doctors and nurses were at highest risk of seropositivity for the 2009 H1N1 virus (odds ratio [OR], 5.25 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21–22.7]). An increased risk of seropositivity was observed among pediatric, emergency room, and internal medicine staff (adjusted OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.07–3.65]). Risk was also higher among HCWs who had high titers of antibodies against the seasonal H1N1 virus (adjusted OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.02–2.48]).Conclusions.Seropositivity for the 2009 H1N1 virus was associated with occupational risk factors among HCWs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):58-62
Construction of a Plasmodium falciparum Rab‐interactome identifies CK1 and PKA as Rab‐effector kinases in malaria parasites
Authors: Rached Fathia Ben , Ndjembo‐Ezougou Carinne , Chandran Syama , Talabani Hana , Yera Hélène , Dandavate Vrushali , Bourdoncle Pierre , Meissner Markus , Tatu Utpal , Langsley Gordon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground informationThe pathology causing stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum reside within red blood cells that are devoid of any regulated transport system. The parasite, therefore, is entirely responsible for mediating vesicular transport within itself and in the infected erythrocyte cytoplasm, and it does so in part via its family of 11 Rab GTPases. Putative functions have been ascribed to Plasmodium Rabs due to their homology with Rabs of yeast, particularly with Saccharomyces that has an equivalent number of rab/ypt genes and where analyses of Ypt function is well characterized.ResultsRabs are important regulators of vesicular traffic due to their capacity to recruit specific effectors. In order to identify P. falciparum Rab (PfRab) effectors, we first built a Ypt‐interactome by exploiting genetic and physical binding data available at the Saccharomyces genome database (SGD). We then constructed a PfRab‐interactome using putative parasite Rab‐effectors identified by homology to Ypt‐effectors. We demonstrate its potential by wet‐bench testing three predictions; that casein kinase‐1 (PfCK1) is a specific Rab5B interacting protein and that the catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PfPKA‐C) is a PfRab5A and PfRab7 effector.ConclusionsThe establishment of a shared set of physical Ypt/PfRab‐effector proteins sheds light on a core set Plasmodium Rab‐interactants shared with yeast. The PfRab‐interactome should benefit vesicular trafficking studies in malaria parasites. The recruitment of PfCK1 to PfRab5B+ and PfPKA‐C to PfRab5A+ and PfRab7+ vesicles, respectively, suggests that PfRab‐recruited kinases potentially play a role in early and late endosome function in malaria parasites.
Regulation of fas/fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis by nuclear factor of activated T cells in megakaryocytes
Authors: Arabanian Laleh S. , Kujawski Satu , Habermann Ivonne , Ehninger Gerhard , Kiani Alexander 
Published: December 2011

SummarySignal transduction pathways in megakaryocytes, a rare population of bone marrow cells, are poorly understood. We have previously shown that the calcineurin‐dependent transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) is expressed in megakaryocytes and is required for the transcription of specific megakaryocytic genes. The biological role of NFAT in megakaryocytes, however, is unknown. Here we show that activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in megakaryocytes forces the cells to go into apoptosis. Calcineurin/NFAT activation in megakaryocytes leads to membrane expression of Fas ligand (FASLG), a pro‐apoptotic member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily. Expression of FASLG was augmented in cells stably overexpressing NFATC2 and suppressed in cells either pretreated with the calcineurin inhibitor ciclosporin A (CsA) or expressing the specific peptide inhibitor of NFAT, VIVIT. In cocultures with Fas‐expressing Jurkat T cells, the presence of activated megakaryocytic cells, but not of unstimulated cells or cells stimulated in the presence of CsA, significantly induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells in a Fas/FASLG‐ and NFAT‐dependent manner. These results represent the first evidence for a biological function of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in megakaryocytes, and suggest that the biological role of megakaryocytes may include the induction of apoptosis in bystander cells.
Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on type 1 diabetes and viruses: role of antibodies enhancing the infection with Coxsackievirus-B in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hober D , Sane F , Jaïdane H , Riedweg K , Goffard A , Desailloud R 
Published: December 2011

Summary
OTHER THEMES PUBLISHED IN THIS IMMUNOLOGY IN THE CLINIC REVIEW SERIES
Metabolic diseases, host responses, cancer, autoinflammatory diseases, allergy.
Type 1 diabetes results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Coxsackieviruses B (CV-B) are major environmental candidates, as suggested by epidemiological and experimental studies. The mechanisms leading to the disease involve interactions between the virus, host target tissue (pancreas) and the immune system. The infection of target cells with viruses can be prevented by antibodies. Conversely, the infection can be enhanced by antibodies. The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection has been described with various viruses, especially Picornaviruses. In mice infected with CV-B3 this phenomenon resulted in an extended inflammatory reaction and myocarditis. In the human system non-neutralizing antibodies can increase the infection of monocytes with CV-B4 and stimulate the production of interferon (IFN)-α by these cells in vitro. CV-B4/immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune complexes interacted with a specific viral receptor [Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)] and with IgG Fc fraction receptors (FcγRII and FcγRIII) at the surface of monocytes. The virus–antibody complexes are internalized (CAR) and receptors for the Fc of IgG (FcγRII and FcγRIII). Such antibodies have been detected in patients with type 1 diabetes and they could be responsible for the presence of enteroviral RNA and IFN-α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of these individuals. The target of enhancing antibodies has been identified as the VP4 protein, which allowed the detection of these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It cannot be excluded that antibodies enhancing the infection with CV-B may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, induced or aggravated by these viruses. They can cause a viral escape from the immune response and may participate in the spreading of viruses to β cells. Whether enhancing antibodies raised against VP4 can play a role in iterative homologous and/or heterologous CV-B infections and in the persistence of viruses within the host deserves further study.
Stat3: Linking inflammation to (gastrointestinal) tumourigenesis
Authors: Ernst Matthias , Putoczki Tracy L 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Tumourigenesis is a multistage process comprising initiation, promotion and progression that is governed by cumulative (epi‐)genetic changes. However, tumour initiation, triggered by mutations in proto‐oncogenes and/or tumour suppressor genes, is insufficient for the development of cancers. Tumour promotion often depends on the interaction between initiated cells and the microenvironment where an excessive abundance of inflammatory mediators, including those of the interleukin (IL‐)6/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) family, promote their expansion.
The activity of most soluble mediators ultimately converges on tumour cells through activation of the latent transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 to enhance survival of neoplastic cells. In addition, Stat3 promotes tumour cell proliferation, invasion and induction of an angiogenic switch.
Persistent activation of STAT3 is a unifying hallmark of a majority of solid malignancies. However, persistent STAT3 activation usually occurs in the absence of activating mutations in, or amplification of, the STAT3 gene. Instead, it is associated with an oversupply of autocrine and/or paracrine activating cytokines secreted by tumour and stromal cells and comprising (among others) cytokines that use the gp130 receptor.
Interleukin‐6, IL‐11 and other members of the gp130 cytokine family have been identified in preclinical mouse models as promising therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal, hepatic and breast cancers. Thus, pharmacological interference with specific cytokines and tyrosine kinases that trigger Stat3 activation affords opportunities to therapeutically target the non‐redundant tumour‐promoting signalling function of Stat3.
Outcome of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for congenital heart disease
Authors: Uyeda Tomomi , Inoue Kanki , Sato Junichiro , Mizukami Ayumi , Yoshikawa Tadahiro , Wada Naoki , Ando Makoto , Takahashi Yukihiro , Umemura Jun , Park In‐Sam 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been increasing, but few studies have reported on the efficacy of ICD therapy in Japanese CHD patients.Method:  Twelve CHD patients (median age, 35 years) with first ICD implantation were examined. Median follow‐up duration was 2.9 years. Demographic information, implant electrical parameters, appropriate and inappropriate discharge data and complications were recorded for all implants from 2003 to 2010.Results:  Implant indication was primary prevention in two patients and secondary prevention in 10. Overall four patients received one or more discharges; three patients (25%) with secondary prevention received nine appropriate discharges. Inappropriate discharge attributed to sinus tachycardia occurred in two patients (16.7%). Only one patient experienced the late complication of skin erosion at the generator implantation site.Conclusions:  Patients with CHD experienced significant rates of appropriate discharges and lower complications. But given that the indications of ICD implantation were mostly for secondary prevention, the ratio of appropriate shocks might be lower than in previous studies. In the primary prevention patients, the benefit of ICD was not clear because no appropriate discharges were seen during follow up. Although ICD implantation for CHD is beneficial for preventing sudden cardiac death, careful decision making and a large, long‐term prospective study is required for the determination of the efficacy of ICD therapy in Japanese patients with CHD.
Retrospective clinical and laboratory evaluation of children with brucellosis
Authors: Okur Mesut , Erbey Fatih , Bektaş Mehmet Selçuk , kaya Avni , Doğan Murat , Acar Mehmet Nuri , Uzun Hakan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Acute brucellosis is a zoonotic disease seen in childhood, with non‐specific complaints and clinical findings that can affect the locomotor, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, hematologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Particularly in endemic regions, it occurs as a result of consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products. In this study, clinical and laboratory findings of children with acute brucellosis are presented.Methods:  Data for 147 patients, aged 2–16 years, were evaluated retrospectively.Results:  The most frequent complaints and clinical findings were abdominal pain and fever. Other complaints and clinical findings included arthralgia, myalgia, loss of appetite, weakness, sweating, fatigue, headache, arthritis, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Anemia was the most frequent hematological abnormality detected; other abnormalities included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia.Conclusion:  Childhood brucellosis can cause non‐specific complaints and particularly anemia and leukopenia as hematological abnormalities. It is easily treated, however, with appropriate antibiotics.
Role of angiotensin and endothelin in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Turkili Burak , Kurcer Zehra , Dengiz Gunnur Ozbakis , Kandemir Nilufer Onak , Mungan Gorkem , Ozacmak Veysel Haktan , Banoglu Zekiye Nur 
Published: December 2011

Objectives:  To determine whether angiotensin and endothelin have any role in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury by investigating the effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, selective non‐peptide angiotensin‐II type I blocker losartan and dual endothelin receptor blocker bosentan.Methods:  Rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium (50 mg/kg i.p.) before the operation. The left testicular artery and vein of rats were occluded for 1 h; before the bilateral orchiectomy, the organ was allowed to reperfuse for 3 h or 24 h. Enalapril (20 mg/kg i.p.), losartan (30 mg/kg i.p.), bosentan (10 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle (saline) were given 30 min before reperfusion. Malondialdehyde level was measured in testicular tissue after 3 h of reperfusion. Histological examination was carried out after 24 h of reperfusion.Results:  Ischemia reperfusion caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde level of ipsilateral testis, and histopathological injury in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes. Enalapril, losartan and bosentan treatments prevented the ischemia reperfusion‐induced augmentation in malondialdehyde levels. Only bosentan treatment ameloriated ischemia reperfusion‐induced histopathological alterations.Conclusions:  Endothelin might play a more important role in pathogenesis of testicular ischemia reperfusion injury when compared with angiotensin.
Giant basal cell carcinoma of the skin: literature review and personal experience
Authors: Zoccali G. , Pajand R. , Papa P. , Orsini G. , Lomartire N. , Giuliani M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs the most common form of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is typified by locally infiltrative growth and a very low risk of metastasis. On occasion, however, this otherwise indolent neoplasm may behave aggressively, demonstrating deep tissue invasion and a high rate of postsurgical recurrence. The pathogenesis and determinants of such tenacious growth are not completely understood. Only 1% of all BCC’s achieve the status of ‘giant’, as defined in 1988 by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on giant basal cell carcinoma (GBCC) of the skin and report their experience with this rare tumour subtype.