bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aleksei Kurbatov, Vasilii Tatishchev and the Testament of Ivan the Terrible of 1572
Authors: Soldat Cornelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe only surviving copy of a Testament of Ivan the Terrible stems from the beginning of the 19th century with a watermark from 1805. In January 1822 the director of the Foreign Office's archive, Aleksei Malinovskii, sent the testament to the historian and novelist Nikolai Karamzin, who was working on his History of the Russian State, and who published it in the commentary to the ninth volume of the History. An analysis of Aleksei Kurbatov's and Vasilii Tatishchev's alledged authorship of the testament's preface and commentary leads to the conclusion that the testament displays the literary devices of a fictional text. The preface presents a story complete with the grammatically ambiguous signature ,,A. Kurbatova“, a host of conflicting dates and several lost copies of a lost original. The argument for Tatishchev's authorship rests solely on some peculiarities concerning the publications of his personal copy of the Sudebnik of 1550. The questions surrounding the testament are resolved easily when one takes into account the literary hints and regards the text as an early 19th-century mystification.
The Munker–White Effect and Chromatic Induction Share Similar Nonlinear Response Properties
Authors: Chen Chien-Chung , Chien Sarina Hui-Lin , Lin Yong-Jun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe brightness or color appearance of a region may be altered by the presence of a pattern surrounding it in the visual field. The Munker–White effect (grating surround) and brightness or color induction from concentric annuli ('bull's-eye' surround) are two examples. We examined whether these two phenomena share similar properties. In the asymmetric matching experiment, the task of an observer was to adjust the appearance of a matching patch to match the appearance of a test patch embedded in one of the two types (square wave grating or concentric annuli) of inducing surrounds (inducers). The inducer modulated in one of three color directions (isochromatic: ±(L + M + S) and isoluminance: ±(L – M) or ±S). Each inducer type and color direction had two opposing phases and four contrast levels. The results show that the induced appearance shift increases as a power function of the inducer contrast, regardless of the spatial configuration of the inducer. Further analysis showed that a sensitivity modulation model of lateral interaction could explain both induction effects.
Effectiveness of antiepileptic or antidepressant drugs when added to opioids for cancer pain: systematic review
Authors: Bennett Michael I 
Published: July 2010

Neuropathic pain mechanisms are present in up to 40% of patients with cancer pain. In these situations, additional or adjuvant analgesic drugs (such as antidepressants or antiepileptics) are often required to optimize pain control alongside standard opioid therapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of antidepressants and antiepileptics when added to opioids, compared to opioids alone, for the management of pain caused directly by cancer. Prospective clinical studies, published in English that used a before-after design or randomized or non-randomized group comparisons were identified. Data were extracted on pain intensity, pain relief and adverse events. Eight studies were eligible (five randomized controlled trials) that recruited 465 patients in total, of whom 370 (79.5%) completed the study period. A narrative analysis was performed because clinical and methodological heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis. Included studies suggested that adjuvants improve pain control within 4–8 days when added to opioids for cancer pain; the strongest evidence supports gabapentin. However, a reduction in pain intensity of greater than 1 point on a 0–10 numerical rating scale is unlikely, but an increase in adverse events is likely. For all adjuvants, the effect size was much less than that seen in patients with non-cancer neuropathic pain. Dosing strategies that can be examined in future clinical trials are suggested.
Anatomic Posterolateral Knee Reconstructions Require a Popliteofibular Ligament Reconstruction Through a Tibial Tunnel
Authors: McCarthy Mark , Camarda Lawrence , Wijdicks Coen A. , Johansen Steinar , Engebretsen Lars , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

Background: No biomechanical study has been performed analyzing the merits of reconstructing the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) through a tibial tunnel with an anatomic reconstruction of the posterolateral knee. Hypothesis: There is no difference in an anatomic posterolateral knee reconstruction with or without a PFL reconstruction placed through a tibial tunnel in restoring knee motion to the intact, uninjured state, and the knee is not overconstrained with this reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight paired knees were tested in the intact state and then sectioned to simulate a grade III posterolateral knee injury. The reconstruction for the first paired knee reconstructed the PFL (through a tibial tunnel), popliteus tendon, and fibular collateral ligament (group 1); the matched knee reconstruction involved only the popliteus tendon and fibular collateral ligament (group 2). Results: Reconstructions for group 1 knees restored knee motion to the intact state for all tested conditions at all knee flexion angles with no overconstraint of the knee. Without reconstructing the PFL (group 2), small but significant increases in motion were found for varus translation at 0° (3.0°), 20° (3.1°), and 60° (3.8°) of knee flexion compared with the intact state. At 60° and 90° of flexion, the reconstruction for group 2 had small but significant increases in internal rotation compared with the intact state (1.3° and 1.8°, respectively). Conclusion: Inclusion of the PFL through a tibial tunnel as part of an anatomic posterolateral knee reconstruction restores knee stability back to the intact state and does not overconstrain the knee. Furthermore, inclusion of the PFL through a tibial tunnel restored normal internal rotation. Clinical Relevance: The PFL should be included in anatomic reconstructions of grade III posterolateral knee injuries with placement through a tibial tunnel to best restore the intact, preinjury knee motion state and, most notably, normal internal rotation without evidence of overconstraint of the knee.
The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: associations with MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms and host response to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Strange Richard C , Ramachandran Sudarshan , Zeegers Maurice P , Emes Richard D , Abraham Roby , Raveendran Vythilingam , Boggild Mike , Gilford Janice , Hawkins Clive P 
Published: July 2010

Background: Multiple sclerosis outcome may be influenced by ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D synthesis, suggesting skin type and genes determining this phenotype are candidates for disability. However, though associations between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) single nucleotide polymorphisms and disability are reported, some data are incompatible with their expected influence on skin type. Objective: Determine which MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms affect disability and establish if ultraviolet radiation modifies such associations. Methods: We studied using linear regression in 525 cases, associations of the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) with skin type, gender, ultraviolet radiation exposure and six MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1805005, rs1805006, rs2228479, rs1805007, rs1805008, rs1805009). Results: CG294 with GG294 genotypes (rs1805009) (coefficient = —1.44, 95% CI —2.30, —0.59, mean MSSS ± SD = 4.33 ± 2.87) and AC84 (rs1805006) (coefficient = 1.62, 95% CI 0.17, 3.06, mean MSSS = 7.62 ± 2.43) were associated with MSSS. Associations with Asp294His were found in those with skin types 1/2 and 3/4, and cases stratified by ultraviolet radiation exposure. However, they were seen only in cases with a history of childhood sunburn and not in those without sunburn. We found no significant associations between exposure parameters and MSSS. Conclusions: Multiple Sclerosis outcome is influenced by interactions between host response to ultraviolet radiation and MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms. The influence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms appears distinct from their association with skin type.
Preclinical studies of methylthioadenosine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moreno B. , Fernandez-Diez B. , Di Penta A. , Villoslada P. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a natural metabolite with immunomodulatory properties. MTA improves the clinical course and pathology of the animal model of multiple sclerosis, even when therapy is started after disease onset. Objective: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of MTA in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) compared with first line approved therapies, to develop an oral formulation of MTA and to assess its pharmacokinetic profile. Methods: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide in Freund’s Adjuvant. Animals were treated with MTA, interferon-beta or Glatiramer acetate starting the day of immunization and the clinical score was collected blind. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats by administering MTA by intraperitoneal injection and orally, and collecting blood at different intervals. MTA levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: We found that MTA ameliorated EAE in a dose—response manner. Moreover, the highest dose of MTA (60 mg/kg) was more efficacious than mouse interferon-beta or Glatiramer acetate. We developed a salt of MTA for oral administration, with similar dose—response effect in the EAE model. Combination therapy assays between MTA and interferon-beta or Glatiramer acetate were more effective than the individual therapies. Finally, oral MTA half-life was 20 min, with a Cmax of 80 mg/L and without signs of obvious toxicity (animal death, behavioural changes, liver enzymes). Conclusions: In the EAE model MTA is more efficacious than first line therapies for multiple sclerosis, with a dose— response effect and higher efficacy when combined with interferon-beta or Glatiramer acetate. Oral MTA was also effective in the animal model of multiple sclerosis.
Modifications to the McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria for use in Asians with classic multiple sclerosis: the Taiwanese experience
Authors: Chen Shao-Yuan , Lo Chung-Ping , Hsu Wen-Lin , Kao Hung-Wen , Hsueh Chun-Jen , Lin Wei-Chen , Liu Chia-Chen , Wang Wei-Yu , Hsu Chia-Chun 
Published: July 2010

Background: The McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria have been found to be less sensitive when applied to Asians with classic multiple sclerosis. The Asian neurological community thus proposed modifications to the criteria with reduction of minimal number of T2 lesions from nine to four, and removal of restriction on spinal cord lesion length and morphology for use in Asians. Objective: The study is to examine the accuracy of modified MRI dissemination in space criteria for prediction of conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to definite multiple sclerosis according to patients’ baseline MRI. Methods: From 2001 to 2007, we recruited 67 patients with clinically isolated syndrome. They had been followed-up until development of definite multiple sclerosis or remaining as clinically isolated syndrome for more than 2 years. The non-converters were taken as negative cases. The 67 patients’ baseline MRIs were evaluated by two radiologists and determined as either fulfilling or not fulfilling McDonald and modified MRI criteria for dissemination in space. Results: Thirty-two patients converted to definite multiple sclerosis and 35 did not. The modified criteria are slightly more sensitive (53.1% vs. 50.0%) and accurate (77.6% vs. 76.1%) as compared with McDonald criteria. However, further reduction of the cutoff of abnormal MRI criteria from three of four to two of four criteria yields best sensitivity (71.9%) and accuracy (83.6%). Conclusions: Modifications to the McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria (by using fewer T2 lesions, removal of the restriction on the spinal cord lesion and reduction of the cutoff of MRI criteria) are more appropriate for use in the Taiwanese population for the diagnosis of classic multiple sclerosis.
Basal ganglia and frontal/parietal cortical atrophy is associated with fatigue in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Calabrese Massimiliano , Rinaldi Francesca , Grossi Paola , Mattisi Irene , Bernardi Valentina , Favaretto Alice , Perini Paola , Gallo Paolo 
Published: July 2010

Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms suffered by patients affected by multiple sclerosis. The patho-physiological basis of multiple sclerosis-related fatigue remains to be elucidated. Objective: Our aim was to investigate whether a particular pattern of deep and/or cortical grey matter atrophy is associated with fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: A total of 152 patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis were evaluated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the Fatigue Severity Status Scale (FSS), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The thalamic and basal ganglia volume and the regional cortical thickness were analysed by means of FreeSurfer. Results: Based on Fatigue Severity Status Scale score, patients were divided into fatigued (FSS ≥ 4, 71 patients, 46.6%) and non-fatigued (FSS < 4, 81 patients, 53.4%). A significant atrophy of striatum, thalamus, superior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus was observed in fatigued patients compared with non-fatigued patients. The cognitive domain of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly correlated with the volume of the striatum and with the cortical thickness of the posterior parietal cortex and middle frontal gyrus (R = 0.51—0.61), while the physical domain of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly correlated with striatum volume and superior frontal gyrus cortical thickness (R = 0.50—0.54). Conclusions: The regional analysis of deep and cortical grey matter atrophy suggests an association between the neurodegenerative process taking place in the striatum—thalamus—frontal cortex pathway and the development of fatigue in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis. The inclusion of the posterior parietal cortex as one of the best predictors of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale cognitive domain suggests the major role of the posterior attentional system in determining cognitive fatigue in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis.
Diagnosing multiple sclerosis at a later age: more than just progressive myelopathy
Authors: Bermel Robert A , Rae-Grant Alexander D , Fox Robert J 
Published: July 2010

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually considered a ‘young persons’ disease’, typically presenting between the ages of 20 and 40. In this study we review our experience with patients diagnosed at age 60 or over, with particular emphasis on patients who continue to have evidence of active inflammation despite a later onset. Methods: We reviewed all cases of MS diagnosed at or over age 60 in our center over a 5-year period. We identified 111 patients and recorded their clinical and imaging characteristics using prespecified variables. Analyses were performed to describe their interval to diagnosis, clinical syndromes, imaging and laboratory characteristics. Results: At the time of diagnosis, 8% of patients had a clinically isolated syndrome, 33% were in the relapsing—remitting stage, while 23% had a secondary progressive course, and 32% were primary progressive. Eighty-eight percent of patients had a brain MRI judged ‘typical for MS’, and 32% of all patients receiving gadolinium had enhanced lesions. Forty-six percent of patients with relapsing—remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome exhibited gadolinium enhancement. Myelitis was the most common initial clinical syndrome, and progressive myelopathy was a common but not exclusive clinical syndrome at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: A relapsing pattern of MS is not uncommon, even in patients diagnosed over the age of 60. Active inflammation (clinical relapses and gadolinium enhancement) occurs in a significant number of patients with MS with later diagnosis. These observations have implications for evaluation and treatment of patients with MS presenting at an older age.
Interleukin-23 acts as antitumor agent on childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Cocco Claudia , Canale Sara , Frasson Chiara , Di Carlo Emma , Ognio Emanuela , Ribatti Domenico , Prigione Ignazia , Basso Giuseppe , Airoldi Irma 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Interleukin (IL)–23 is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-12 superfamily. The antitumor activity of IL-23 is controversial, and it is unknown whether or not the cytokine can act directly on tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential direct antitumor activity of IL-23 in pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells and to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we show, for the first time, that IL-23R is up-regulated in primary B-ALL cells, compared with normal early B lymphocytes, and that IL-23 dampens directly tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The latter finding is related to IL-23–induced up-regulation of miR15a expression and the consequent down-regulation of BCL-2 protein expression in pediatric B-ALL cells. This study demonstrates that IL-23 possesses antileukemic activity and unravels the underlying mechanisms. Thus, IL-23 may be a candidate novel drug for the treatment of B-ALL patients unresponsive to current therapeutic standards.
Integration and visualization of systems biology data in context of the genome
Authors: Bare J Christopher , Koide Tie , Reiss David J , Tenenbaum Dan , Baliga Nitin S 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
High-density tiling arrays and new sequencing technologies are generating rapidly increasing volumes of transcriptome and protein-DNA interaction data. Visualization and exploration of this data is critical to understanding the regulatory logic encoded in the genome by which the cell dynamically affects its physiology and interacts with its environment.

Results
The Gaggle Genome Browser is a cross-platform desktop program for interactively visualizing high-throughput data in the context of the genome. Important features include dynamic panning and zooming, keyword search and open interoperability through the Gaggle framework. Users may bookmark locations on the genome with descriptive annotations and share these bookmarks with other users. The program handles large sets of user-generated data using an in-process database and leverages the facilities of SQL and the R environment for importing and manipulating data.
A key aspect of the Gaggle Genome Browser is interoperability. By connecting to the Gaggle framework, the genome browser joins a suite of interconnected bioinformatics tools for analysis and visualization with connectivity to major public repositories of sequences, interactions and pathways. To this flexible environment for exploring and combining data, the Gaggle Genome Browser adds the ability to visualize diverse types of data in relation to its coordinates on the genome.

Conclusions
Genomic coordinates function as a common key by which disparate biological data types can be related to one another. In the Gaggle Genome Browser, heterogeneous data are joined by their location on the genome to create information-rich visualizations yielding insight into genome organization, transcription and its regulation and, ultimately, a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable the cell to dynamically respond to its environment.
GU81, a VEGFR2 antagonist peptoid, enhances the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin in the murine MMTV-PyMT transgenic model of breast cancer
Authors: Lynn Kristi D , Udugamasooriya D Gomika , Roland Christina L , Castrillon Diego H , Kodadek Thomas J , Brekken Rolf A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a primary stimulant of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Anti-VEGF therapy is a clinically proven strategy for the treatment of a variety of cancers including colon, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinoma. Since VEGFR2 is the dominant angiogenic signaling receptor, it has become an important target in the development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies. We have reported previously the development of an antagonistic VEGFR2 peptoid (GU40C4) that has promising anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
In the current study, we utilize a derivative of GU40C4, termed GU81 in therapy studies. GU81 was tested alone or in combination with doxorubicin for in vivo efficacy in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic model of breast cancer.

Results
The derivative GU81 has increased in vitro efficacy compared to GU40C4. Single agent therapy (doxorubicin or GU81 alone) had no effect on tumor weight, histology, tumor fat content, or tumor growth index. However, GU81 is able to significantly to reduce total vascular area as a single agent. GU81 used in combination with doxorubicin significantly reduced tumor weight and growth index compared to all other treatment groups. Furthermore, treatment with combination therapy significantly arrested tumor progression at the premalignant stage, resulting in increased tumor fat content. Interestingly, treatment with GU81 alone increased tumor-VEGF levels and macrophage infiltration, an effect that was abrogated when used in combination with doxorubicin.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the VEGFR2 antagonist peptoid, GU81, enhances the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin in spontaneous murine MMTV-PyMT breast tumors.
A prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind phase I-II clinical trial on the safety of A-Part® Gel as adhesion prophylaxis after major abdominal surgery versus non-treated group
Authors: Lang Reinhold , Baumann Petra , Jauch Karl-Walter , Schmoor Claudia , Weis Christine , Odermatt Erich , Knaebel Hanns-Peter 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Postoperative adhesions occur when fibrous strands of internal scar tissue bind anatomical structures to one another. The most common cause of intra-abdominal adhesions is previous intra-abdominal surgical intervention. Up to 74% of intestinal obstructions are caused by post surgical adhesions. Although a variety of methods and agents have been investigated to prevent post surgical adhesions, the problem of peritoneal adhesions remains largely unsolved. Materials serving as an adhesion barrier are much needed.

Methods/Design
This is a prospective, randomised, controlled, patient blinded and observer blinded, single centre phase I-II trial, which evaluates the safety of A-Part® Gel as an adhesion prophylaxis after major abdominal wall surgery, in comparison to an untreated control group. 60 patients undergoing an elective median laparotomy without prior abdominal surgery are randomly allocated into two groups of a 1:1- ratio. Safety parameter and primary endpoint of the study is the occurrence of wound healing impairment or peritonitis within 28 (+10) days after surgery. The frequency of anastomotic leakage within 28 days after operation, occurrence of adverse and serious adverse events during hospital stay up to 3 months and the rate of adhesions along the scar within 3 months are defined as secondary endpoints. After hospital discharge the investigator will examine the enrolled patients at 28 (+10) days and 3 months (±14 days) after surgery.

Discussion
This trial aims to assess, whether the intra-peritoneal application of A-Part® Gel is safe and efficacious in the prevention of post-surgical adhesions after median laparotomy, in comparison to untreated controls.

Trial registration
NCT00646412