bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of inferred rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larval dispersal along the central California coast
Authors: PETERSEN CHRISTINE H. , DRAKE PATRICK T. , EDWARDS CHRISTOPHER A. , RALSTON STEPHEN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSuccessful recruitment of marine fishes depends on survival during early life‐history stages, which is influenced by oceanic advection due to its impact on coastal trophodynamics and transport processes. Here we evaluate the influence of ocean circulation on the dispersal of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larvae along the central California coast using an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, driven at the surface by output from the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System. Thousands of floats simulating rockfish larval propagules, constrained to follow fixed depths, were released over a broad coastal area at 2‐day intervals, and transported by simulated ocean currents at depths of 1, 7, 20, 40, and 70 m. Trajectory statistics are averaged across the 4‐yr period from January 2000 through December 2003 to reveal mean trajectory direction, net displacement, fractional cross‐shore loss, and duration of retention for different seasons. On average, near‐surface propagules originating nearshore are transported offshore during the upwelling season, whereas deeper propagules move alongshore to the north. This vertical shear vanishes during winter, with most floats moving alongshore to the north, regardless of depth. After 35 days in the water column, typical transport distances were ∼50 km for floats remaining nearshore and ∼150 km for floats over the midshelf and slope. Implications for performance of marine reserves for rockfish conservation are discussed. Our results also provide evidence for a strong semiannual pattern of coastal retention rates, with high export of near‐surface drifters during the upwelling season. In contrast, high rates of shelf retention occurred for releases at 20 m and deeper during summer, and at all depths during winter.
Silkmoth chorion gene regulation revisited: promoter architecture as a key player
Authors: Lecanidou R. , Papantonis A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRegulation of silkmoth chorion genes has long been used as a model system for studying differential gene expression. The large numbers of genes, their overlapping expression patterns and the overall complexity of the system hinted towards an elaborate mechanism for transcriptional control. Recent studies, however, offer evidence of a molecular pathway governed by the interplay between two general transcription factors, CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) and GATA, an architectural protein, high mobility group A and a chromatin remodeller, chromo‐helicase/ATPase‐DNA binding protein 1. In this review we present a parsimonious model that adequately describes regulation of transcription across all temporally regulated chorion genes, and propose a role for promoter architecture.
Comparison of working length determination with radiographs and two electronic apex locators
Authors: Vieyra J. P. , Acosta J. , Mondaca J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX and Elements‐Diagnostic electronic apex locators when compared with radiographs for locating the canal terminus or minor foramen.Methodology  The canal terminus of 482 canals in 160 maxillary and mandibular teeth was located in vivo with both locators and radiographically. After extraction, the actual location of the minor foramen was determined visually and with magnification. A paired samples t‐test, chi‐square test and a repeated measure anova at the 0.05 level of significance were used to determine differences between the groups.Results  The Root ZX located the minor foramen correctly 68% of the time in anterior and premolar teeth, and 58% of the time in molar teeth. The Elements‐Diagnostic located the minor foramen correctly 58% of the time in anterior and premolar teeth and 49% of the time in molar teeth. Radiographs located the minor foramen correctly 20% of the time in anterior and premolar teeth and 11% of the time in molar teeth. There was no statistically significant difference between the two locators, but there was a significant difference between them and radiographs. For all teeth, the measurements made by the apex locators were within ±0.5 mm of the minor foramen 100% of the time, whereas for the radiographs, the measurements were within this range only 15% of the time. This difference was significant (P = 0.05).Conclusion  Measuring the location of the minor foramen using the two apex locators was more accurate than radiographs and would reduce the risk of instrumenting and filling beyond the apical foramen.
The effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation, individually and in alternation, on tooth surface strain
Authors: Rajasingham R. , Ng Y.‐L. , Knowles J. C. , Gulabivala K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of irrigation regimens on tooth surface strain using saline, sodium hypochlorite (3% and 5% NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (17% EDTA), individually and in alternating combinations.Methodology  Single‐rooted premolar teeth with single canals prepared to standardized dimensions were grouped by anatomical features and randomly distributed amongst six experimental groups (n = 12 each). The six groups were: (1) saline; (2) 5% NaOCl; (3) 3% NaOCl; (4) 17% EDTA; (5) 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA; (6) 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. All groups underwent four (group 1) or five (groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) sequential 30‐min irrigation periods following each of which the tooth was subjected to a standard regime of cyclic, nondestructive, occlusal loading. Tooth surface strain was measured during each loading cycle using electrical strain gauges mounted cervico‐proximally. The data were analysed by Hierarchical anova and post hoc multiple comparisons.Results  Irrigation with 5% NaOCl alone or alternating with 17% EDTA significantly (P < 0.001) increased the peak strain values for each of the irrigation periods compared with that of saline (group 1). The data for the other groups revealed no significant differences compared with those of saline. The strain increase after the fourth irrigation cycle was significantly higher for group 6 than for group 2. The measured canal morphology and dentine thickness parameters did not prove to have a significant effect on tooth surface strain.Conclusions  Irrigation with 5% NaOCl acting alone or alternated with 17% EDTA (used in 30 min cycles), significantly increased tooth surface strain. The alternated regimen showed significantly greater changes in tooth surface strain than NaOCl alone. Irrigation with 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA individually or in combination did not significantly alter the tooth surface strain.
Parasitic plant infection is partially controlled through symbiotic pathways
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐APARICIO M , RISPAIL N , PRATS E , MORANDI D , GARCÍA‐GARRIDO J M , DUMAS‐GAUDOT E , DUC G , RUBIALES D 
Published: December 2009

Fernández‐Aparicio M, Rispail N, Prats E, Morandi D, García‐Garrido JM, Dumas‐Gaudot E, Duc G & Rubiales D (2009). Parasitic plant infection is partially controlled through symbiotic pathways. Weed Research.50, 76–82.SummaryLegumes are unique in interacting with Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and parasitic plants. To dissect common parts of these three plant–organism interactions, infection by Orobanche crenata was studied in mutants with altered symbiotic phenotypes of Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum. Orobanche crenata inoculation of mutant lines carrying defective mutation in the genes dmi2/sym19 and dmi3 resulted in an increase in O. crenata establishment. Similarly, inoculation of mutants carrying mutation in the gene sunn/sym29 that controls the autoregulation mechanism of the symbiosis, also lead to a significant increase in haustoria formation. Altogether, our results suggest that parasitic plant infection is partly controlled by both the conserved symbiotic pathway that mediates symbiont recognition and establishment and the autoregulation mechanism that regulates the extent of colonisation by Rhizobium and AM fungi.
Rapid assessment and safe management of severe pulmonary hypertension with milrinone during orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Fukazawa Kyota , Poliac Liviu C. , Pretto Ernesto A. 
Published: December 2009

Fukazawa K, Poliac LC, Pretto EA. Rapid assessment and safe management of severe pulmonary hypertension with milrinone during orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 515–519. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The incidence of porto‐pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in patients with end stage liver disease is 8.5%. Evidence indicates that proceeding with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients diagnosed with severe PPHN (mean pulmonary artery pressure [mPAP] > 45 mmHg) at the time of OLT surgery is associated with high perioperative mortality. We describe a case of severe PPHN that was diagnosed by right heart catheterization at the time of surgery. We quickly determined the reversibility of PPHN with a bolus of milrinone and proceeded with OLT. Further episodes of pulmonary hypertension were successfully managed with continuous milrinone infusion and transesophageal echocardiography monitoring. Reversibility via vasodilator trial after identification of high pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) may be an important indication of the feasibility of OLT. Milrinone may be useful for the rapid identification of the reversibility of high PAP and may be an effective agent to control abrupt increases in PAP during OLT.
Pain on injection from propofol may be avoided by changing its formulation
Authors: ALDRETE J. A. , OTERO P. , ALCOVER J. , PARIETTI A. , JOHNSON S. C. , MONTPETIT F. H. , TORRIERI A. , QUIROGA D. 
Published: December 2009

Background: After using propofol for a decade, pain on injection had been considered routine by patients and medical personnel. When given propofol from a different manufacturer, patients did not complain. Two preparations of propofol were compared.Methods: A comparative, double‐blind, randomized study was conducted in 22 adult patients undergoing pain relief procedures; they received sedation by an intravenous injection of 1.7 mg/kg of propofol and then were treated with paravertebral injections. Pain on injection was assessed by verbal complaint, movement of the extremity, of the whole body and recollection of pain at induction, when discharged. Propofol from Baxter Laboratories, mixed with either 5 ml of 2% lidocaine or 5 ml of NaCl 0.9%, was compared with propofol Laboratorios Gray, which was similarly mixed. Injections were randomly administered four times, blindly, to each of 22 patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using the analysis of variance method.Results: A total of 352 propofol injections were given. Each of the four propofol solutions was administered 88 times; of patients receiving Baxter propofol+saline, 74 (84%) had pain; when mixed with 2% lidocaine 45 (50.2%) complained. After propofol Gray with NaCl 0.9% was given, two patients (2.2%) experienced pain. Propofol Gray with 2% lidocaine produced no pain. None of the latter group remembered having pain, whereas, those given propofol Baxter 54 (61.3%) and 26 (29.5%) remembered experiencing pain at injection. Pain on injection was prevented and statistically reduced (<0.01) with the propofol from Laboratorios Gray.Conclusions: By changing the formulation (size of molecules and their dispersion) of propofol, pain on injection was avoided.
Autofluorescence videoendoscopy system using the SAFE‐3000 for assessing superficial gastric neoplasia
Authors: Imaeda Hiroyuki , Hosoe Naoki , Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Ida Yosuke , Saito Yoshimasa , Suzuki Hidekazu , Aiura Koichi , Ogata Haruhiko , Kumai Koichiro , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:  Autofluorescence (AF) videoendoscopy has an advantage over ordinary videoendoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasias, and the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the SAFE‐3000 videoendoscopy system to diagnose superficial gastric neoplasias.Methods:  Ordinary videoendoscopy, AF videoendoscopy, and chromoendoscopy (CE) were used to diagnose the tumor existence and extent in 14 patients with gastric adenoma, 40 patients with intestinal‐type early gastric cancer (EGC) (10 protruded, and 30 depressed), and nine patients with diffuse‐type EGC. The diagnostic accuracies of the three kinds of images were evaluated by comparison with the results of histopathological assessment of resected specimens.Results:  For gastric adenomas the diagnostic accuracy between the AF images and white light (WL) images did not differ significantly, and for protruded intestinal‐type EGCs and diffuse‐type EGCs the diagnostic accuracy did not differ significantly between any of the types of images. For depressed intestinal‐type EGCs, the diagnostic accuracy of AF images tended to be higher than that of the WL images (P < 0.05) and it was not significantly different from that of the CE images. The detection rate of pink or orange color in AF images was significantly higher for protruded intestinal‐type EGCs than gastric adenomas (P = 0.005), depressed intestinal‐type EGCs (P < 0.001), and diffuse‐type EGCs (P = 0.027).Conclusions:  Autofluorescence videoendoscopy using the SAFE‐3000 system for gastric neoplasias might be useful for diagnosing depressed intestinal‐type early gastric cancers. The detection of orange or pink color in AF images may be efficacious in discriminating protruded intestinal‐type early gastric cancers from gastric adenomas.
Daily dynamics of photosynthesis of the freshwater red alga Sirodotia delicatula (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Kusakariba Thiago , Júnior Orlando Necchi 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYThe daily course of photosynthetic parameters of a population of the freshwater red alga Sirodotia delicatula from São Paulo State, Brazil (20°43′24″S, 49°18′21″W) was investigated under natural and laboratory conditions using dissolved oxygen and in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Field specimens in laboratory conditions showed a defined daily pattern for net photosynthesis (NP) with two peaks observed in marine macroalgae and some freshwater red algae: the first (the highest) during the morning, and the second (the lowest and less evident) during the afternoon. Values of electron transport rate did not show a clear pattern of daily variation. NP results suggest the existence of an endogenous rhythm controlling photosynthesis. The study under natural conditions in two contrasting periods (autumn (June) and spring (October)) showed that the daily course of effective and potential quantum yield values was negatively correlated with irradiance and values were similar in the beginning and end of the day. These data evidenced, respectively, high excitement pressure on photosystem II and good recovery capacity (with lower values in spring) and a lack of irreversible photodamage to photosynthetic apparatus due to the prolonged exposure to high irradiances. Non‐photochemical quenching values were also negatively correlated with the irradiance, suggesting a low dissipation capacity of excess energy absorbed by reaction centers. The results evidenced a typical pattern of daily variation with evident response to irradiance.
Research Note: Simple molecular discrimination of cultivated Porphyra species (Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra tenera) and related wild species (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Niwa Kyosuke , Kobiyama Atsushi 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYTo discriminate between cultivated Porphyra species (Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra tenera) and closely related wild Porphyra species, we developed a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis of the rbcL gene using five restriction enzymes. Although our previous PCR‐RFLP analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and plastid RuBisCO spacer regions could not always discriminate wild P. yezoensis, wild P. tenera, and closely related wild species, the PCR‐RFLP profiles of the rbcL gene were useful in discriminating samples collected from natural habitats. Therefore, PCR‐RFLP analysis of the rbcL gene will help in the simple identification of a large number of samples, not only for the establishment of reliable cultures as breeding material, but also for the taxonomic investigations of species that are closely related to cultivated Porphyra.
Epiphytic relationships ofPseudendoclonium submarinumWille (Ulvophyceae) andRhodymenia pseudopalmata(Rhodophyta) from the Patagonian coast of Argentina
Authors: Gauna M. Cecilia , Parodi Elisa R. , Cáceres Eduardo J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYThe occurrence of the epiphyte algaPseudendoclonium submarinumWille (Ulvophyceae) onRhodymenia pseudopalmata(Lamouroux) Silva (Rhodophyta) is reported. The present study describes a first line of evidence of an epidemiological study conducted with the purpose of comparing both the prevalence and effects of algal epiphytic organisms inR. pseudopalmatain the Patagonian coasts of Argentina.P. submarinuminfected approximately 80% ofR. pseudopalmatathalli and the frequency of infection was variable in connection with different areas of the host's thalli: 42% ofR. pseudopalmatafronds presentedP. submarinumthalli in the basal region, which presented a severity degree of infection from low to high. The median region presented an average frequency of infection of 30% and minor susceptibility to colonization. The covering varied from 1% to 70% representing a low to moderate degree of colonization. The apical region presented a cover frequency of 28% and the level of infection varied between low to moderate. The developmental morphology and the growth dynamics of the epiphyte were also investigated under unialgal as well as bialgal culture conditions. In nature, thalli ofP. submarinumonR. pseudopalmatanever invaded internal tissues of the host. Vegetative thalli ofP. submarinumwere inoculated on frondsR. pseudopalmata. Experimental infections confirmed thatP. submarinumthalli did not penetrate the host's fronds.P. submarinumswarmers showed the capacity of settlement on a host's fronds and developed an epiphytic monostromatic thallus. The results allowed us to suggest thatP. submarinumuses theR. pseudopalmatathalli as a proper substrate, sincePseudendocloniumthalli complete the entire life cycle. Culture experiments revealed thatP. submarinumcould develop without the presence of the host and evidenced the nutritional independence, being the relationship in nature, probably triggered by an ecological advantage since fronds ofR. pseudopalmataoffer a suitable substratum.
NEUROVISUAL ADAPTATIONS TO SUBNORMAL VISION IN CHILDREN
Authors: CRElG S. HOYT md  
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeurovisual adaptations to subnormal vision in children are of practical importance and need to be remembered in the management of children with low vision The physiological adaptations discussed include shortening the focal distance, abnormal head positions, compensatory head movements, and ocular motor search strategies In addition the concept of neural plasticity, particularly in respect to the ability of the extrageniculate striaete system to assume primary visual function in cortically damaged children is discussed.
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE AND RETINAL INFARCTION
Authors: ANDREW HOPKINS mb, bs, fracp  , JOHN YlANNlKAS mb, bs, fracp  , IAN C. FRANCIS fracs, fraco  
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral neurological syndromes, including syncope, convulsions, amnesia, transient ischaemic attacks and cerebral infarction, have been associate with mitral valve prolapse. It has been presumed that emboli may account for some of these. We report a case of retinal infarction in association with mitral valve prolapse.
PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS AFTER PERIPHERAL IRIDECTOMY FOR ANGLE‐CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
Authors: RONALD F. LOWE md  
Published: December 2009

AbstractSymptoms that persist after oerations for angle‐closure glaucoma arise from different causes. In the presence of open peripheral iridectomies miotics may be beneficial or may close angles; wide pupil dilatation by phenylephrine used to diminish posterior synechiae may close angles; cycloplegic mydriatics will close some angles and open others. Unexpected bizarre reactions to eye drops may occur. bersistent chronic glaucoma will be more common after laser iridotomy than after correctly assessed filtering operations. The importance of gonioscopy in diagnosis and management is emphasised.
Optic disc haemorrhages in posterior vitreous detachment
Authors: Roberts T. V. , Gregory‐Roberts J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPosterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common clinical entity but is not often associated with a significant ocular disorder. Optic disc haemorrhages are rarely associated with a PVD and are more commonly associated with other local or systemic disease.The symptoms of a PVD, combined with a careful examination of the vitreoretinal interface allows a confident diagnosis of secondary disc haemorrhage to be made. Two cases of acute symptomatic PVD complicated by disc haemorrhage are presented.
The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction?
Authors: Péré Christelle , Augustin Sylvie , Turlings Ted C. J. , Kenis Marc 
Published: December 2009

The horse‐chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella is an invasive moth in Europe and a serious pest of horse‐chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum. The moth also occasionally attacks sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus, when situated beside infested horse‐chestnuts.
The main objective of the present study was to provide an overview of the relationship between C. ohridella and A. pseudoplatanus and to determine whether C. ohridella has the potential to shift to this native tree.
In the field, females oviposit on different deciduous tree species. Although less frequently attacked than A. hippocastanum, A. pseudoplatanus was clearly preferred for oviposition over 12 other woody species investigated.
Surveys in Europe demonstrated that the majority of A. pseudoplatanus trees found beside infested A. hippocastanum had mines of C. ohridella, even though more than 70% of the larvae died within the first two instars. Attack rates and development success greatly varied from site to site. Attack levels on A. pseudoplatanus were not always correlated with those on A. hippocastanum, and mines on A. pseudoplatanus were sometimes observed beside weakly‐infested A. hippocastanum.
Field observations, experimental exposure of A. pseudoplatanus saplings and rearing trials in a common garden study showed that individual trees may vary in their susceptibility to C. ohridella, whereas there was no evidence that C. ohridella populations vary in their performance on A. pseudoplatanus.
To date, there is little evidence that C. ohridella represents a major risk for A. pseudoplatanus.