bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of root surface microtopography following the use of four instrumentation systems by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study
Authors: Solís Moreno C. , Santos A. , Nart J. , Levi P. , Velásquez A. , Sanz Moliner J. 
Published: April 2012

Solís Moreno C, Santos A, Nart J, Levi P, Velásquez A, Sanz Moliner J. Evaluation of root surface microtopography following the use of four instrumentation systems by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy: an in vitro study. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 608–615. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The ideal instrument for initial periodontal therapy should enable the removal of all extraneous substances from the root surfaces without any iatrogenic effects. Because of that the objective of this study is to analyse and to compare the root surface roughness after using Gracey curettes, termination diamond burs (40 μm), a piezo‐ceramic ultrasonic scaler and a piezosurgery ultrasonic scaler using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Material and Methods:  A 2 mm × 2 mm interproximal root area of 20 teeth (n = 40 surfaces) was evaluated by confocal microscopy (×20 magnification) and scanning electron microscopy (×50 to ×1000 magnification). Teeth were randomly assigned to the following four groups: Gracey curettes with 15 vertical strokes; termination diamond burs (40 μm) at 3000 r.p.m.; a piezo‐ceramic ultrasonic scaler with a power of 11; and a piezosurgery ultrasonic scaler in mode ROOT with a power of two.Results:  Confocal microscopy revealed that curettes [mean changes in the value of surface roughness average reduced by 0.11 ± 0.3], piezo‐ceramic ultrasonic scaler (roughness average reduced by 0.47 ± 0.93) and piezosurgery ultrasonic scaler (roughness average reduced by 0.62 ± 0.93) left a smoother surface than termination diamond burs (roughness average increased by 0.39 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences were observed in roughness (p = 0.005) between piezosurgery and termination diamond burs (p = 0.005). No statistically significant differences were between piezosurgery and Gracey curettes (p = 0.140) and between piezosurgery and piezo‐ceramic ultrasonic scalers (p = 0.745). Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that piezosurgery seems to leave the smoothest surface. Surfaces treated with termination burs appear to show more scratches and pits.Conclusion:  Three of the four instruments tested for root planing reduced surface roughness; however, the piezosurgery ultrasonic scaler produced the smoothest surface. The termination diamond burs (40 μm) produced a rougher surface than the ultrasonic instruments and the hand curettes. Further clinical studies are needed.
Di‐Arginine Signals and the K‐Rich Domain Retain the Ca2+ Sensor STIM1 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Ercan Ebru , Chung Shan‐Hua , Bhardwaj Rajesh , Seedorf Matthias 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSTIM1 is a core component of the store‐operated Ca2+‐entry channel involved in Ca2+‐signaling with an important role in the activation of immune cells and many other cell types. In response to cell activation, STIM1 protein senses low Ca2+ concentration in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activates the channel protein Orai1 in the plasma membrane by direct physical contact. The related protein STIM2 functions similar but its physiological role is less well defined. We found that STIM2, but not STIM1, contains a di‐lysine ER‐retention signal. This restricts the function of STIM2 as Ca2+ sensor to the ER while STIM1 can reach the plasma membrane. The intracellular distribution of STIM1 is regulated in a cell‐cycle‐dependent manner with cell surface expression of STIM1 during mitosis. Efficient retention of STIM1 in the ER during interphase depends on its lysine‐rich domain and a di‐arginine ER retention signal. Store‐operated Ca2+‐entry enhanced ER retention, suggesting that trafficking of STIM1 is regulated and this regulation contributes to STIM1s role as multifunctional component in Ca2+‐signaling.
Dental anxiety and symptoms of general anxiety and depression in 15‐year‐olds
Authors: Stenebrand A , Wide Boman U , Hakeberg M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Objectives:  The objective of the study was to analyse the relationship between dental anxiety and symptoms of general anxiety and depression among 15‐year‐old individuals.Methods:  The sample analysed included 221 randomly selected 15‐year‐old individuals living in the city of Jönköping, Sweden. One questionnaire captured sociodemography and dental history, while dental anxiety was assessed by the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) and symptoms of general anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results:  About 6% of the adolescents were classified as dentally anxious. Symptoms of general anxiety and depression were significantly correlated with dental anxiety in both the bivariate and multivariate analyses. The latter analyses were adjusted for gender and previous painful experiences of dental care. Individuals with high dental anxiety showed general anxiety scores on a clinical level (mean = 9.8, SD = 4.3).Conclusions:  Symptoms of general anxiety and depression were shown to be significantly correlated with dental anxiety among 15‐year‐old individuals.
Benefits of predischarge echocardiography service for postnatal heart murmurs
Authors: Singh Anju , Desai Tarak , Miller Paul , Rasiah Shree V 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To review the findings and outcomes of predischarge echocardiography service for postnatal heart murmurs provided by neonatologists.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed all predischarge echocardiograms performed on babies from the postnatal wards (PNW) over the last 3 years. We evaluated the indications, median age, findings and outcome.Results:  A total of 408 echocardiograms were performed on 350 babies on the PNW. The most common indication was presence of a murmur (58%). In babies with a heart murmur, 26% had a normal echocardiogram, 2% had major structural heart defects, 38% had minor structural heart defects and 34% had transient circulatory changes. 32% were discharged with no follow‐up, 28% were followed up in the local cardiac clinic and 40% were referred to the cardiologist.Conclusion:  Predischarge echocardiography service for postnatal heart murmurs provided by neonatologists has the benefit of providing an early diagnosis, counselling of the parents and arranging appropriate follow‐up. It helps to triage the referrals to the cardiologist. We felt that we were able to alleviate parental anxieties by providing a definitive diagnosis and written information prior to discharge from hospital. We strongly believe that this service should only be provided by those appropriately trained and skilled in echocardiography.
Neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity: opposing actions of neuronal factors GPR91 and semaphorins 3A
Authors: Joyal Jean‐Sébastien , Omri Samy , Sitaras Nicholas , Rivera José‐Carlos , Sapieha Przemyslaw , Chemtob Sylvain 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of severe visual deficits in children. This review focuses on the role of newly identified factors from retinal neurons, which through their opposing actions on vascular development contribute to ROP. These hypoxia‐generated mediators include the Krebs cycle intermediate, succinate acting via GPR91, and the neuronal guidance molecule Semaphorin 3A.Conclusion: Neuron‐derived factors guide retinal vascularization and are major contributors to the pathogenesis of ROP.
Porous Sintered Reaction‐Bonded Silicon Nitrides with Dual‐Sized Pore Channel using Presintered Si‐Additive Mixture Granules
Authors: Park Young‐Jo , Lee Jae‐Wook , Yun Hui‐Suk , Song In‐Hyuck 
Published: April 2012

Porous sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitrides (SRBSNs) with wide pore channels were fabricated using Si‐additive mixture granules. By increasing the strength through the presintering of the as‐spray‐dried granules, conventional uniaxial pressing was employed for the shaping while retaining the spherical granule morphology. The formation of wide intergranular (≥10 μm) and narrow intragranular (<1 μm) pore channels led to high porosity (≥50%) without the blending of fugitive. Both the widest pore channel (10.4 μm) and the highest permeability (κ = 0.3*10−12 m2) were measured using dm (mean diameter) = 76.5 μm granule.
Preparation of Monodispersed Mesoporous Silica Spheres with Controllable Particle Size Under an Alkaline Condition
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Yanbao , Yang Zhujun , Ding Ying , Lu Chunhua , Li Dongxu , Xu Zhongzi 
Published: April 2012

Monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres (MMSSs) with tunable particle size were successfully synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under an alkaline condition. The MMSSs synthesized under different reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, co‐solvent amount, and TEOS and CTAB concentrations, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXRD), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The average particle size increases with increase in the reaction temperature from 40°C to 90°C, and 80°C is the optimal temperature to synthesize MMSSs with narrow particle size of 75 ± 14 nm. Ethanol plays a role as co‐surfactant in low concentration, and then as co‐surfactant and co‐solvent in high concentration, which results in an increase in particle size from 75 ± 14 nm to 518 ± 30 nm and change of the mesoporous structure from paralleled array type to radially orientated type. The average particle size and yield of MMSSs increase with increase in the TEOS concentration when the TEOS concentration reaches saturated level (Cs = 0.09M), but some small silica particles appear when the TEOS concentration is higher than the critical level (Cs* = 0.134M). When the CTAB concentration increases, at the same TEOS concentration, the surface area, and pore volume increases, but the monodispersity becomes low.
Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia and Zirconia Composites
Authors: Dehestani Mahdi , Adolfsson Erik 
Published: April 2012

Monolithic zirconia materials (3Y‐TZP, 10Ce‐TZP, and 12Ce‐TZP) and their composites with 30 vol% alumina were produced. Low‐temperature aging degradation (LTAD) and mechanical properties of materials were investigated. For assessment of phase stability in the materials, aging experiments were performed in water at 90°C for 32, 64, and 128 days. The aging phenomenon was characterized and monitored using X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Four‐point bending was used to determine the flexural strength of materials before and after aging treatment in water at 90°C for 2, 4, and 6  months. The aging experiments resulted in different phase transformation rates for the materials studied. The 12Ce‐TZP containing materials showed the highest resistance to low‐temperature aging and 3Y‐TZP containing materials showed the highest bending strength. When compared, no change in flexural strength was observed between the materials not exposed to aging and the aged materials.
The Impact of Legislative Term Limits on State Debt: Increased Spending, Flat Revenue
Authors: DAY JONATHAN , BOECKELMAN KEITH 
Published: April 2012

This article examines the effect of state legislative term limits on government debt levels. Past research has shown the influence of term limits on spending, but the effect of term limits on state debt is arguably more important in considering their desirability. We explain the relation between term limits and debt using the expected impact of changes in the composition, institutional dynamics, and behavior of state legislatures after term limits take effect. The hypothesis is that term limits will increase state government debt. Using regressions with panel corrected standard errors on data from the states between 1993 and 2008, the results empirically support the expectation that term‐limited states have significantly higher debt than nonterm limited states. Term‐limited states greatly increase spending while not increasing revenue levels and thus substantially increase debt. Since states with term limits have higher debt, we advise caution in adopting them.Related Articles:“Assessing the Impact of Term Limits on Competition in Florida and Maine.” (2009) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00163.x/abstract“A Matter of Time: Some Consequences of State Legislative Term Limits.” (1994) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1994.tb00317.x/abstract“An Analysis of the 1990–1992 Term Limitation Elections.” (1994) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1994.tb00340.x/abstractEste artículo examina el efecto de los límites de periodos de mandato para legisladores estatales en los niveles de deuda gubernamental. Investigaciones previas han mostrado el impacto de los límites de periodos de mandato en el gasto gubernamental, pero el efecto de éstos en la deuda estatal es probablemente más importante cuando se evalúan sus beneficios. Explicamos esta relación basándonos en el impacto esperado de cambios en la composición, dinámica institucional, y comportamiento de legislaturas estatales luego de que el límite para el periodo entra en vigor. La hipótesis es que los límites para periodos de mandato aumentarán el nivel de deuda estatal. Usando regresiones un Panel de Corrección de Errores Estándar en datos de los 50 estados entre 1993‐2008, los resultados apoyan empíricamente la expectativa de que los estados con límites tendrán un mayor nivel de deuda que sus contrapartes. Los estados con límites en los periodos de mandato aumentan de manera considerable su gasto mientras sus niveles de ingresos no aumentan y por lo tanto elevan significativamente su deuda. Debido a que los estados con límites en los periodos de mandato tienen una mayor deuda, recomendamos tener precaución al adoptarlos.
Modifications of mechanoelectric feedback induced by 2,3‐butanedione monoxime and Blebbistatin in Langendorff‐perfused rabbit hearts
Authors: Brines L. , Such‐Miquel L. , Gallego D. , Trapero I. , del Canto I. , Zarzoso M. , Soler C. , Pelechano F. , Cánoves J. , Alberola A. , Such L. , Chorro F. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimMyocardial stretching is an arrhythmogenic factor. Optical techniques and mechanical uncouplers are used to study the mechanoelectric feedback. The aim of this study is to determine whether the mechanical uncouplers 2,3‐butanedione monoxime and Blebbistatin hinder or modify the electrophysiological effects of acute mechanical stretch.MethodsThe ventricular fibrillation (VF) modifications induced by acute mechanical stretch were studied in 27 Langendorff‐perfused rabbit hearts using epicardial multiple electrodes and mapping techniques under control conditions (n = 9) and during the perfusion of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (15 mM) (n = 9) or Blebbistatin (10 μm) (n = 9).ResultsIn the control series, myocardial stretch increased the complexity of the activation maps and the dominant frequency (DF) of VF from 13.1 ± 2.0 Hz to 19.1 ± 3.1 Hz (P < 0.001, 46% increment). At baseline, the activation maps showed less complexity in both the 2,3‐butanedione monoxime and Blebbistatin series, and the DF was lower in the 2,3‐butanedione monoxime series (11.4 ± 1.2 Hz; P < 0.05). The accelerating effect of mechanical stretch was abolished under 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (maximum DF = 11.7 ± 2.4 Hz, 5% increment, ns vs baseline, P < 0.0001 vs. control series) and reduced under Blebbistatin (maximum DF = 12.9 ± 0.7 Hz, 8% increment, P < 0.01 vs. baseline, P < 0.0001 vs. control series). The variations in complexity of the activation maps under stretch were not significant in the 2,3‐butanedione monoxime series and were significantly attenuated under Blebbistatin.ConclusionThe accelerating effect and increased complexity of myocardial activation during VF induced by acute mechanical stretch are abolished under the action of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime and reduced under the action of Blebbistatin.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Jassidophaga Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in Korea
Authors: Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Yong Jung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper, three Korean species of the big‐head fly, genus Jassidophaga Aczél were treated: J. chiiensis (Ouchi), J. pala (Morakote) and J. villosa (Roser). Of these, J. pala is reported in Korea for the first time. A key to Korean species and photographs on external features are given.
Chemopreventive effects of elm tree bark extract onHelicobacter pylori‐associated mouse gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Kim Tae‐Wang , Youm So‐Young , Shin Sang‐Kyung , Kim Dae Joong , Hong Jin Tae , Kim Youngsoo , Nam Sang‐Yoon , Ahn Byeongwoo 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and aim:Extracts of elm tree (Ulmus davidiana japonica) have long been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in traditional medicine. Severalin vitrostudies have indicated that some components of the elm tree have anti‐inflammatory and/or anti‐oxidative effects. We investigated the chemopreventive effects of bark extract of elm tree (BEE) on a chronic inflammation‐associated mouse gastric cancer model.Methods:Gastric cancer was generated by the combination treatment ofN‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea andHelicobacter pylorito C57BL/6 mice. Various concentrations of BEE (0, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 ppm) was fed to the mice for 38 weeks.Results:The incidence of gastric tumors at 50 weeks were significantly lower in the highest dose BEE‐fed mice (26.67%) than control mice (85.71%) (P < 0.01). The multiplicity and size of tumors were also significantly lowered by BEE feeding in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.01). In addition, BEE decreased the nuclear β‐catenin localization and nuclear cyclin‐D1 expression in adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, BEE suppressedH. pylori‐associated chronic inflammation determined by histologic gradings ofH. pyloridensity, chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in non‐tumorous gastric mucosae.Conclusions:These findings suggest that BEE inhibits the development of gastric tumorigenesis via suppression ofH. pyloriinfection‐associated chronic inflammation.
Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings in the navicular bone of horses with foot pain
Authors: Dyson S. , Blunden T. , Murray R. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is limited knowledge about both histological features in early navicular disease and what histological features are represented by increased signal intensity in fat‐suppressed magnetic resonance (MR) images of the navicular bone.Objective:To characterise increased signal intensity in the spongiosa of the navicular bone in fat‐suppressed MR images and to compare this with histopathology; and to compare objective grading of all aspects of the navicular bone on MR images with histological findings.Methods:One or both front feet of 22 horses with foot pain and a median lameness duration of 3 months were examined using high‐field MR imaging (MRI) and histopathology. The dorsal, palmar, proximal and distal borders of the navicular bone and the spongiosa were assigned an MRI grade (0–3) and a histological grade and compared statistically.Results:Increased signal intensity in the spongiosa of the navicular bone was associated with a variety of abnormalities, including fat atrophy, with lipocytes showing loss of definition of cytoplasmic borders, a proliferation of capillaries within the altered marrow fat, perivascular or interstitial oedema, enlarged intertrabecular bone spaces, fibroplasia and thinned trabeculae showing loss of bone with irregularly spiculated edges of moth‐eaten appearance. There were significant associations among histological lesions of the fibrocartilage, calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. There were also significant associations between MRI grading of the spongiosa and both histological marrow fat grade and the combined maximum of the MRI grades for the fibrocartilage.Conclusions and potential relevance:Increased signal intensity in the spongiosa of the navicular bone in fat‐suppressed MR images may occur in association with lesions of the fibrocartilage with or without subchondral bone or may represent a separate disease entity, particularly if diffuse, reflecting a variety of alterations of trabecular bone and marrow fat architecture.
Visibility of microcalcification clusters and masses in breast tomosynthesis image volumes and digital mammography: A 4AFC human observer study
Authors: Timberg P. , Båth M. , Andersson I. , Mattsson S. , Tingberg A. , Ruschin M. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose: To investigate the visibility of simulated lesions in digital breast tomosynthesis (BT) image volumes compared with 2D digital mammography (DM).Methods: Simulated lesions (masses and microcalcifications) were added to images of the same women acquired on a DM system (Mammomat Novation, Siemens) and a BT prototype. The same beam quality was used for the DM and BT acquisitions. The total absorbed dose resulting from a 25‐projection BT acquisition and reconstruction (BT25) was approximately twice that of a single DM view. By excluding every other projection image from the reconstruction (BT13), approximately the same dose as in DM was effected. Simulated microcalcifications were digitally added with varying contrast to the DM and BT images. Simulated masses with 8 mm diameter were also added to BT images. A series of 4‐alternative forced choice (4AFC) human observer experiments were conducted. Four medical physicists participated in all experiments, each consisting of 60 trials per experimental condition. The observers interpreted the BT image volumes in cine‐mode at a fixed image sequence speed. The required threshold contrast (St) to achieve a detectability index (d′) of 2.5 (i.e., 92.5% correct decisions) was determined.Results: The St for mass detection in DM was approximately a factor of 2 higher than required in BT indicating that the detection of masses was improved under BT conditions compared to DM. St for microcalcification detection was higher for BT than for DM at both BT dose levels (BT25 and BT13), with a statistically significant difference in St between DM and BT13. These results indicate a dose‐dependent decrease in detection performance in BT for detection of microcalcifications.Conclusions: In agreement with previous investigations, masses of size 8 mm can be detected with less contrast in BT than in DM indicating improved detection performance for BT. However, for the investigated microcalcifications, the results of this study indicate potentially worse performance for BT than for DM at the same dose level.