bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Rat, Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence Alters the Ethanol Sensitivity of Tonic Inhibition in Adulthood
Authors: Fleming Rebekah L. , Acheson Shawn K. , Moore Scott D. , Wilson Wilkie A. , Swartzwelder H. Scott 
Published: October 2011

Background:  Alcohol drinking by adolescents is a major public health concern. Adolescents tend to drink in a chronic, intermittent, that is, “binge,” pattern, and such patterns of ethanol exposure are associated with increased risk of neurotoxicity and the development of alcohol use disorders (Crews et al., 2000; Hunt, 1993). Both adolescent humans and rats are more sensitive to acute ethanol‐induced memory impairment than adults (Acheson et al., 1998; Markwiese et al., 1998). Furthermore, in rats, chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure during adolescence produces a long‐lasting, perhaps permanent, maintenance of the adolescent high sensitivity to ethanol’s amnestic effects (White et al., 2000a). We have previously shown that acute ethanol increases tonic inhibitory current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors more efficaciously in dentate granule cells (DGCs) from adolescent than adult rats (Fleming et al., 2007). In this study, we determined if CIE during adolescence produced long‐lasting changes in this tonic current.
Methods:  Adolescent rats were subjected to a CIE exposure regimen and allowed to mature to full adulthood. Whole‐cell voltage‐clamp measurements of tonic inhibitory current and mean phasic current were made in vitro in hippocampal brain slices.
Results: CIE exposure during adolescence increased the ethanol sensitivity of tonic inhibitory current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and decreased the ethanol sensitivity of phasic, synaptic GABAA receptor‐mediated current in adult DGCs.
Conclusions:  CIE exposure during adolescence produces long‐lasting changes in the function and ethanol sensitivity of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in DGCs. These changes appear to “lock‐in” and maintain the high adolescent sensitivity to ethanol in these cells. Furthermore, greater ethanol enhancement of tonic inhibition in the hippocampal formation after CIE is consistent with the greater sensitivity to ethanol‐induced memory impairment after adolescent CIE. This finding represents the first demonstration of a long‐term, memory‐related cellular effect of CIE during adolescence, and the “lock‐in” of adolescent ethanol sensitivity that these results suggest could represent a conceptual step forward in understanding the vulnerability of the adolescent brain to alcohol.
The Impact of Alcohol on BCG‐Induced Immunity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Porretta Elizabeth , Happel Kyle I. , Teng Xu S. , Ramsay Alistair , Mason Carol M. 
Published: October 2011

Background:  Alcoholics are at heightened risk for developing active tuberculosis. This study evaluates chronic alcohol consumption in a murine model of vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette–Guèrin (BCG) and subsequent pulmonary infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Methods:  BALB/c mice were administered the Lieber–DeCarli liquid ethanol diet or pair‐fed the liquid control diet for 3 weeks either before or after subcutaneous vaccination with M. bovis BCG. At least 3 weeks after BCG vaccination, groups of mice on the aforesaid diets were challenged with intratracheal infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Lung mycobacterial burden, and lung and lung‐associated lymph node CD4+ lymphocyte production of tuberculosis‐specific interferon (IFN)‐γ were assayed. Popliteal lymph node lymphocytes from both dietary regimens undergoing BCG vaccination (in the absence of M. tuberculosis infection) were also evaluated for purified protein derivative–induced IFN‐γ production by ELISpot assay.
Results:  Mice begun on alcohol prior to vaccination with M. bovis BCG demonstrated impaired control of pulmonary challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis, as well as impaired lung CD4+ and popliteal lymph node T‐cell IFN‐γ responses. If BCG vaccination was delivered prior to initiation of alcohol feeding, the mice remained protected against a subsequent challenge with M. tuberculosis, and BCG‐induced immunity was not impaired in either the lung or the popliteal lymph nodes.
Conclusions:  Alcohol consumption blunts the development of the adaptive immune response to M. bovis BCG vaccination, which impairs the control of a secondary challenge with M. tuberculosis, but only if the alcohol exposure is begun prior to BCG vaccination. These results provide insight into mechanisms by which alcohol consumption impairs antimycobacterial immunity, including in response to vaccination and subsequent pathogenic challenge.
Ethanol Alters Opioid Regulation of Ca2+Influx Through L‐Type Ca2+Channels in PC12 Cells
Authors: Gruol Donna L. , Nelson Thomas E. , Hao Christine , Michael Sarah , Vukojevic Vladana , Ming Yu , Terenius Lars 
Published: October 2011

Background: Studies at the behavioral and synaptic level show that effects of ethanol on the central nervous system can involve the opioid signaling system. These interactions may alter the function of a common downstream target. In this study, we examined Ca2+channel function as a potential downstream target of interactions between ethanol and μ or κ opioid receptor signaling.Methods: The studies were carried out in a model system, undifferentiated PC12 cells transfected with μ or κ opioid receptors. The PC12 cells express L‐type Ca2+channels, which were activated by K+depolarization. Ca2+imaging was used to measure relative Ca2+flux during K+depolarization and the modulation of Ca2+flux by opioids and ethanol.Results: Ethanol, μ receptor activation, and κ receptor activation all reduced the amplitude of the Ca2+signal produced by K+depolarization. Pretreatment with ethanol or combined treatment with ethanol and μ or κ receptor agonists caused a reduction in the amplitude of the Ca2+signal that was comparable to or smaller than that observed for the individual drugs alone, indicating an interaction by the drugs at a downstream target (or targets) that limited the modulation of Ca2+flux through L‐type Ca2+channels.Conclusions: These studies provide evidence for a cellular mechanism that could play an important role in ethanol regulation of synaptic transmission and behavior through interactions with the opioid signaling.
Ethanol Increases Glutamate Neurotransmission in the Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area of Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Ding Zheng‐Ming , Engleman Eric A. , Rodd Zachary A. , McBride William J. 
Published: October 2011

Background:  The posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA) mediates the reinforcing and stimulating effects of ethanol (EtOH). Electrophysiological studies indicated that exposure to EtOH increased glutamate synaptic function in the VTA. This study determined the neurochemical effects of both acute and repeated EtOH exposure on glutamate neurotransmission in the pVTA.Methods:  Adult female Wistar rats were implanted with microdialysis probes in the pVTA. During microdialysis, rats received acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline or EtOH (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg), and extracellular glutamate levels were measured in the pVTA. The effects of repeated daily injections of EtOH (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) on basal extracellular glutamate concentrations in the pVTA and on glutamate response to a subsequent EtOH challenge were also examined.Results:  The injection of 0.5 g/kg EtOH significantly increased (120 to 125% of baseline), whereas injection of 2.0 g/kg EtOH significantly decreased (80% of baseline) extracellular glutamate levels in the pVTA. The dose of 1.0 g/kg EtOH did not alter extracellular glutamate levels. Seven repeated daily injections of each dose of EtOH increased basal extracellular glutamate concentrations (from 4.1 ± 0.5 to 9.2 ± 0.5 μM) and reduced glutamate clearance in the pVTA (from 30 ± 2 to 17 ± 2%), but failed to alter glutamate response to a 2.0 g/kg EtOH challenge.Conclusions:  The results suggest that the low dose of EtOH can stimulate the release of glutamate in the pVTA, and repeated EtOH administration increased basal glutamate transmission in the pVTA, as a result of reduced glutamate clearance.
Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders: A Bio‐Behavioral‐Environmental Intervention to Improve Function and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Disabled Older Adults
Authors: Szanton Sarah L. , Thorpe Roland J. , Boyd Cynthia , Tanner Elizabeth K. , Leff Bruce , Agree Emily , Xue Qian‐Li , Allen Jerilyn K. , Seplaki Christopher L. , Weiss Carlos O. , Guralnik Jack M. , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesTo determine effect size and acceptability of a multicomponent behavior and home repair intervention for low‐income disabled older adults.DesignProspective randomized controlled pilot trial.SettingParticipants’ homes.ParticipantsForty low‐income older adults with difficulties in one or more activities of daily living (ADLs) or two or more instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).InterventionThe Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE), coordinated occupational therapy, nursing, and handyman visits, was compared with attention‐control visits. The intervention consisted of up to six visits with an occupational therapist, up to four visits with a nurse, and an average of $1,300 in handyman repairs and modifications. Each intervention participant received all components of the intervention clinically individualized to risk profile and goals. Each attention‐control participant received the same number of visits as the intervention participants, involving sedentary activities of their choice.MeasurementPrimary outcome: difficulty in performing ADLs and IADLs. Secondary outcomes: health‐related quality of life and falls efficacy.ResultsThirty‐five of 40 adults (87%) completed the 6‐month trial, and 93% and 100% of the control and intervention group, respectively, stated that the study benefited them. The intervention group improved on all outcomes. When comparing mean change in the intervention group with mean change in the control group from baseline to follow‐up, the CAPABLE intervention had effect sizes of 0.63 for reducing difficulty in ADLs, 0.62 for reducing difficulty in IADLs, 0.89 for quality of life, and 0.55 for falls efficacy.ConclusionThe CAPABLE intervention was acceptable to participants and feasible to provide and showed promising results, suggesting that this multicomponent intervention to reduce disability should be evaluated in a larger trial.
Physiological Relevance of Quantifying Segmental Contraction Synchrony
Authors: JOHNSON LAUREN , LAMIA BOUCHRA , KIM HYUNG KOOK , TANABE MASAKI , GORCSAN JOHN , SCHWARTZMAN DAVID , SHROFF SANJEEV G. , PINSKY MICHAEL R. 
Published: October 2011

Background:

Most current indices of synchrony quantify left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern in terms of a single, global (integrated) measure. We report the development and physiological relevance of a novel method to quantify LV segmental contraction synchrony.
Methods:

LV pressure‐volume and echocardiographic data were collected in seven anesthetized, opened‐chest dogs under several pacing modes: right atrial (RA) (control), right ventricular (RV) (dyssynchrony), and additional LV pacing at either apex (CRTa) or free wall (CRTf). Cross‐correlation‐based integrated (CCSIint) and segmental (CCSIseg) measures of synchrony were calculated from speckle‐tracking derived radial strain, along with a commonly used index (maximum time delay). LV contractility was quantified using either Ees (ESPVR slope) or ESPVRarea (defined in the manuscript).
Results:

RV pacing decreased CCSIint at LV base (0.95 ± 0.02 [RA] vs 0.64 ± 0.14 [RV]; P < 0.05) and only CRTa improved it (0.93 ± 0.03; P < 0.05 vs RV). The CCSIseg analysis identified anteroseptal and septal segments as being responsible for the low CCSIint during RV pacing and inferior segment for poor resynchronization with CRTf. Changes in ESPVRarea, and not in Ees, indicated depressed LV contractility with RV pacing, an observation consistent with significantly decreased global LV performance (stroke work [SW]: 252 ± 23 [RA] vs 151 ± 24 [RV] mJ; P < 0.05). Only CRTa improved SW and contractility (SW: 240 ± 19 mJ; ESPVRarea: 545 ± 175 mmHg•mL; both P < 0.01 vs RV). Only changes in CCSIseg and global LV contractility were strongly correlated (R2= 0.698, P = 0.005).
Conclusion:

CCSIseg provided insights into the changes in LV integrated contraction pattern and a better link to global LV contractility changes. (PACE 2012; 35:174–187)
Compositional Dependence of R‐curve Behavior in Soft Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Seo Yo‐Han , Benčan Andreja , Koruza Jurij , Malič Barbara , Kosec Marija , Webber Kyle G. 
Published: October 2011

The compositional dependent fracture behavior of soft PZT (Pb0.99Ba0.01(Zr1−xTix)0.98Nb0.02O3) ceramics in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary was characterized using compact‐tension specimens. The compositions with 0.40 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 displayed an increasing fracture resistance with crack extension (R‐curve behavior). It was observed that the rhombohedral composition and the compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary showed the largest toughness enhancement. R‐curve behavior was found to be influenced by the ferroelastic coercive stress, saturated remanent strain, and elastic modulus, which were experimentally measured for each composition. X‐ray diffraction measurements were performed and compared to the fracture results to investigate the impact of phase and lattice distortion on ferroelastic toughening behavior.
Role of Secondary Phase in High Power Piezoelectric PMN‐PZT Ceramics
Authors: Yan Yongke , Cho Kyung‐Hoon , Priya Shashank 
Published: October 2011

This study reports the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.25PbZrO3‐0.35PbTiO3 (PMN‐PZT), 2 mol% MnO2‐doped 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.25PbZrO3‐0.35PbTiO3 (MnO2+PMN‐PZT), and 0.06Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.34Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.25PbZrO3‐0.35PbTiO3 (PMnN+PMN‐PZT) ceramics. The results show that MnO2 modification results in the formation of MgO secondary phase which promotes grain growth and reduces the electromechanical properties. We conclusively demonstrate that Mn2+ acts as pervoskite stabilizer in Pb‐based (1:2) relaxors and leads to the formation of divalent oxide secondary phase. Modification with PMnN avoids the formation of MgO and provides combinatory doping effect with smaller grain sizes.
Direct Synthesis of TiN/Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite by Nitridation of a Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Mesostructured Material
Authors: Schlienger Sébastien , Ersen Ovidiu , Roiban Lucian , Parmentier Julien 
Published: October 2011

A titanium nitride (TiN)/mesoporous carbon nanocomposite with a high surface area (320 m2/g) has been successfully synthesized by a direct route based on a concomitant polymerization of organic and inorganic species (phenol–formaldehyde resin and TiO2‐based oligomers, respectively). These polymers self‐assemble in the presence of a pore‐structuring agent, an amphiphilic copolymer ((poly(ethylene oxide))106–(poly(propylene oxide))70–(poly(ethylene oxide))106) during the solvent evaporation step and yield to an ordered mesostructured hybrid organic/inorganic materials. Its heat treatment in ammonia led to the carbonization of the organic part and to the nitridation of the TiO2‐based part. A TiN/mesoporous C nanocomposite constituted of TiN (61 wt%) nanocrystallites (from 10 to 50 nm in diameter) embedded into a mesoporous carbon matrix was obtained.
Large Dielectric Constant and Maxwell–Wagner Effects in BaTiO3/Cu Composites
Authors: Ning Xu , Yong Ping Pu , Zhuo Wang 
Published: October 2011

Dense ceramic composites with ferroelectric BaTiO3 and metal Cu were prepared via the solid‐state reaction route at 1280°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The frequency and temperature dependence of impedance, resistance, and dielectric permittivity of BaTiO3/xCu in the range of 10−1–106 Hz have been investigated, respectively. It was found that the electrical conduction and dielectric behavior of the materials vary with the ratio of the two phases. The maximum permittivity of 1.0 × 105 at 1 kHz was obtained for the composites of BaTiO3/20 wt% Cu. Moreover, the BaTiO3/Cu composites exhibited high values of permittivity at low frequencies than at high frequencies due to Maxwell–Wagner polarization. The application of the Maxwell–Wagner polarization model in this system was briefly discussed.
Does three‐dimensional imaging offer a financial benefit for treating maxillary molars with furcation involvement? – A pilot clinical case series
Authors: Walter Clemens , Weiger Roland , Dietrich Thomas , Lang Niklaus P. , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAimTo assess the financial benefit of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the treatment options of maxillary molars including periodontal surgery and extraction followed by implant placement.Material and methodsTwelve patients with generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited, and CBCT was performed in maxillary molars (n = 22) with clinical furcation involvement and increased probing pocket depths. Treatment recommendations were either based on conventional periodontal diagnostics (clinical examinations and periapical radiographs), or based on the additional CBCT data. Clinical recommendations comprised a minimal (e.g. supportive periodontal treatment) and a maximal invasive therapy (e.g. extraction and implant placement), and these were compared with CBCT‐based recommendations. According to the Swiss dental tariff structure, the probabilities of saving costs or time, and the numbers needed to treat were analysed with an empirical cumulative distribution function.ResultsAverage cost reduction from CBCT amounted to CHF 915 ± 1470 and saved 136 ± 217 min. Greatest reductions were found with maximal invasive clinically based treatment decisions (CHF 1566 ± 1840), particularly for second molars (CHF 2485 ± 2226). To compensate CBCT costs, 1.7 subjects were needed to treat to at least break even.ConclusionsData from CBCT facilitated a reduction in treatment costs and time for periodontally involved maxillary molars in Switzerland. Based on these cost analyses, however, CBCT as additional diagnostic measure is justified only when more invasive therapies are planned.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 expression in periodontal tissues surgically removed from diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with periodontal disease
Authors: Hardy Douglas C. , Ross Jonathan H. , Schuyler Corinne A. , Leite Renata S. , Slate Elizabeth H. , Huang Yan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it is known that periodontal matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) expression is associated with periodontal disease, the information concerning the periodontal MMP‐8 expression in diabetic patients with periodontal disease is insufficient.Materials and MethodsPeriodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven patients without periodontal disease and diabetes (Group 1), 15 patients with periodontal disease alone (Group 2) and 10 patients with both periodontal disease and diabetes (Group 3). The frozen sections were prepared and MMP‐8 protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and quantified. For in vitro study, human U937 mononuclear cells were pre‐exposed to normal or high glucose and then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).ResultsThe nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the difference in MMP‐8 protein levels among the three groups were statistically significant (p = 0.003). Nonparametric analysis using Jonckheere–Terpstra test showed a tendency of increase in periodontal MMP‐8 levels across Group 1 to Group 2 to Group 3 (p = 0.0002). In vitro studies showed that high glucose and LPS had a synergistic effect on MMP‐8 expression.ConclusionOur current study showed an increasing trend in MMP‐8 protein expression levels across patients without both periodontal disease and diabetes, patients with periodontal disease alone and patients with both diseases.
The benefits and risks of stem cell technology
Authors: Leventhal A , Chen G , Negro A , Boehm M 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 217–222The potential impact of stem cell technology on medical and dental practice is vast. Stem cell research will not only provide the foundation for future therapies, but also reveal unique insights into basic disease mechanisms. Therefore, an understanding of stem cell technology will be necessary for clinicians in the future. Herein, we give a basic overview of stem cell biology and therapeutics for the practicing clinician.
Effect of GDF‐5 and BMP‐2 on the expression of tendo/ligamentogenesis‐related markers in human PDL‐derived cells
Authors: Inoue M , Ebisawa K , Itaya T , Sugito T , Yamawaki‐Ogata A , Sumita Y , Wadagaki R , Narita Y , Agata H , Kagami H , Ueda M 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 206–212Objectives:  The effect of growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on human periodontal ligament‐derived cells was investigated with special reference to tendo/ligamentogenesis‐related markers.Materials and Methods:  Effects of each factor were analyzed by quantitative PCR for scleraxis and tenomodulin and by western blotting for scleraxis. After exposure to those factors, STRO‐1‐positive and STRO‐1‐negative fractions of human periodontal ligament tissues were isolated with an immunomagnetic cell sorting system, and the expression of scleraxis in each fraction was analyzed by western blotting. Non‐separated crude cells were used as a control.Results:  Growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 did not increase alkaline phosphatase activity in crude periodontal ligament‐derived cells. Growth differentiation factor 5, but not bone morphogenetic protein 2, increased the expression of scleraxis in crude, STRO‐1‐positive and STRO‐1‐negative periodontal ligament‐derived cells. The expression of scleraxis in STRO‐1‐positive periodontal ligament‐derived cells was significantly less compared to that in crude P2 and STRO‐1‐negative periodontal ligament‐derived cells.Conclusion:  Growth differentiation factor 5 induced the expression of scleraxis and may enhance tendo/ligamentogenesis in human periodontal ligament‐derived cells. The expression of scleraxis was higher in STRO‐1‐negative fraction, suggesting more differentiated state of the cells.