bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil gross N2O emission and uptake under two contrasting agroforestry systems: riparian tree buffer versus alley-cropping tree row
Authors: Luo Jie , Beule Lukas , Shao Guodong , Niu Dan , Veldkamp Edzo , Corre Marife D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn addition to the removal of excess mineral nitrogen (N) via root uptake, trees in agroforestry systems may mitigate negative effects of high N fertilization of adjacent crops by enhancing complete denitrification of excess mineral N aside from root uptake. Presently, little is known about the potential for NO3− reduction through denitrification (conversion to greenhouse gas N2O and subsequently to non-reactive N2) in contrasting agroforestry systems: riparian tree buffer versus tree row of an upland alley-cropping system. Our study aimed to (1) quantify gross N2O emissions (both N2O + N2 emissions) and gross N2O uptake (N2O reduction to N2), and (2) determine their controlling factors. We employed the 15N2O pool dilution technique to quantify gross N2O fluxes from 0 to 5 cm (topsoil) and 40 to 60 cm (subsoil) depths with seasonal field measurements in 2019. The riparian tree buffer exhibited higher topsoil gross N2O emissions and uptake than the alley-cropping tree row (P < 0.03). Gross N2O emissions were regulated by N and carbon (C) availabilities and aeration status rather than denitrification gene abundance. Gross N2O uptake was directly linked to available C and nirK gene abundance. In the subsoil, gross N2O emission and uptake were low in both agroforestry systems, resulting from low mineral N contents possibly due to N uptake by deep tree roots. Nonetheless, the larger available C and soil moisture in the subsoil of riparian tree buffer than in alley-cropping tree row (P < 0.05) suggest its large potential for N2O uptake whenever NO3− is transported to the subsoil.
Communicating climate futures: a multi-country study of how the media portray the IPCC scenarios in the 2021/2 Working Group reports
Authors: Painter James , Marshall Suzie , Leitzell Katherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe way governments and policy makers think about climate futures has a wide-ranging impact on how they formulate policy and plan for climate change impacts. In the lead-up to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), the IPCC adopted a new scenarios framework that aimed to provide a fuller picture of the interacting elements and policy choices that affect climate change. However, these scenarios, known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), are complex and difficult to communicate. Most audiences, including policy makers, receive much of their information about climate change from mainstream media, and particularly online news sites. We therefore examined the five most popular online news sites in the UK and the USA, five popular English-language news sites in India, English-language news media from a wide range of African countries, and the Reuters News agency. Based on manual content analysis to assess 252 articles, we identify several important findings, amongst them: in all countries, the media provide little detailed explanation of how scenarios are developed, very little mention of SSPs, and virtually no detailed explanations of them; generally, journalists use the words ‘projections’, ‘futures’, and ‘pathways’ when talking about the IPCC scenarios, although some usage of ‘predictions’ or ‘forecasts’ is apparent; contrary to previous research, there were very few doomsday narratives such as ‘only 12 years to act’. We conclude by drawing out some implications for more effective communication of the IPCC scenarios.
Turn-over and Retention Among Head Start Educators
Authors: Vicente Delia , Venegas Melanie , Guerrero Alma D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEducators shape the quality of early education programs and are essential to children’s learning and healthy development. However, the early childhood education field is often challenged in retaining educational staff. Using a descriptive research design this study explores turnover and retention through the voices of Head Start and Early Head Start education staff. Education staff identified retention factors to be, holding a job with meaning and purpose that made a positive difference for children, families and communities, access to professional development opportunities, and positive connections with colleagues. While, low wages, high volumes of paperwork, complex caseloads, lack of recognition, weak onboarding, teacher preparation practices, and lack of voice in program changes, were identified as turnover factors. Despite low wages educators voiced they are more likely to stay when their growth and relatedness needs are being met. Overall turnover and retention were influenced by an organization’s systems, practices, and working conditions and how well these met the human core needs of its staff.
Assessing the post-construction support for solar water-pumping systems in rural communities in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmani Sita , Murayama Takehiko , Nishikizawa Shigeo , Suwanteep Kultip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCommunity-scale solar water-pumping systems (SWPSs) have become ideal alternatives for remote villages that lack electricity and water access. In Indonesia, SWPSs have been installed in many villages, but they often malfunction. Although technical studies are available, evidence showing the effect of post-construction support on the interplay in SWPS projects is scarce. Therefore, this study examined the post-construction support from the perspectives of the communities and local actors in four SWPS projects in rural Indonesia using a questionnaire survey. Three types of support were considered in the research framework and selected as dependent variables for regression analysis: capacity building, financial assistance, and technical assistance. Data were collected from 275 beneficiaries and 11 local actors, including local governments and implementing organizations, and statistical analysis was conducted. The results showed that, on average, the communities perceived that the community-based organization (CBO)–a local team that manages SWPS projects–was incapable of solving problems independently. Moreover, the existing support was inadequate and did not meet the requirements of the communities. This study found three determinants of the need for support: technical skills, funds for technical assistance, and financial management (eigenvalues of 2.89, 1.51, and 1.23, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that technical skills were particularly crucial because this factor significantly determined the need for all types of support (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). However, relying on the support of local actors is difficult, because of their limited resource availability. These findings highlight the significance and role of the support aspect in achieving the sustainability of renewable energy projects in rural areas. Although increased effort to improve the capabilities of the CBOs is necessary, future projects must also consider the trade-off between renewable energy technology and the consequent need for support. Accordingly, designing projects that promote support from all stakeholders is imperative.
A quantitative priority-based approach using a multi-criteria decision-making model for sustainable coastal city development
Authors: Dilman Gokkaya Merve , Demir Sara , Aksoy Onur , Ersoz Nazli Deniz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThroughout history, water availability has been an essential factor in shaping the development, culture, transportation, economic activities, and access to food in cities. The socioeconomic and cultural development of a city or country with a coast depends on the active use of the coast and the impact of the coast on urban life. In this context, for the development of coastal cities, it is necessary to determine coastal city criteria and specify their strategies in line with these criteria in order to increase coastal qualities. This research determined Bursa, located northwest of Turkey, as the study area. However, factors such as the absence of a coastal plan for the city and the inability of the coast to integrate into urban life have weakened the coastal city’s qualities of it. For this reason, this study aims to define Bursa’s coastal city criteria and determine strategies to increase the coastal city quality. The coastal city criteria developed depending on the examples of coastal cities in the world were evaluated by surveying local people and experts. The results of these surveys were digitized according to their priorities using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results of this study determined the highest priority criteria among the three main and nine sub-coastal city criteria in evaluating the coastal city in Bursa. This study proposes a numerical method that develops effective and sustainable coastal design and planning strategies for Turkey and underdeveloped countries.
An Assessment of Learning Management System Use in Higher Education: Perspectives from a Comprehensive Sample of Teachers and Students
Authors: Simon Patricia D. , Jiang Juming , Fryer Luke K. , King Ronnel B. , Frondozo Cherry E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLearning Management Systems (LMSs) are underutilized in universities despite them being standard components of higher education. Given this, there is a need to gather the perspectives of students and teachers to examine how these key end-users engage with LMS and utilize its various features and functions. Such an endeavor could aid in addressing the barriers and in promoting the use of LMSs in online teaching and learning. As studies about LMS use with both teacher and student samples are limited, we simultaneously gathered both students’ and teachers’ perceptions of Moodle from all academic faculties at a public university in Hong Kong. Structured qualitative interviews were conducted with eighty-two participants (41 teachers, 41 students) via Zoom. Results suggest that Moodle, while previously viewed as merely a repository of course materials, transitioned from being a supplementary tool to a key information dissemination tool during the pandemic. Despite the availability of collaboration tools, majority of interactions still occur in alternative communication channels. Findings point to students’ and teachers’ need for familiarity, training, and a visually and functionally improved interface to enhance their experience in the LMS. We also found how content and pedagogy influenced how LMS was integrated into teaching, with frequency and manner of LMS use varying between faculties and departments. Given this, tailor-made information and support for each department are needed to maximize LMS use in classes. We suggest the conduct of dialogues involving multiple stakeholders (i.e., teachers, students, administrators, and technical support staff) so that higher education institutions can share best practices on how to improve LMS utilization to enhance the quality of teaching and learning in universities.
Characterization of Transition Edge Sensors for Decay Energy Spectrometry
Authors: Carlson Max , Fitzgerald Ryan , Schmidt Dan , O’Neil Galen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy using a superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) to measure the thermal energy of individual decay events with high energy resolution, decay energy spectrometry provides a unique fingerprint to identify each radionuclide in a sample. The proposed measurement requires optimizing the thermal parameters of the detector for use with 5 MeV scale energy deposited by alpha decay of the sample radionuclides. The thermal performance of deep-etched silicon TES chips is examined with the use of an onboard resistive heater. With known heater power and bath temperature, the thermal conductance, heat capacity, and frame temperature are calculated and compared to theory.
Andreev Conductance in Disordered SF Junctions with Spin-Orbit Scattering
Authors: Ismagambetov M. E. , Ostrovsky P. M. , Feigel’man M. V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe calculate the conductance of a junction between a disordered superconductor and a very strong half-metallic ferromagnet admitting electrons with only one spin projection. A usual mechanism of Andreev reflection is strongly suppressed in this case since Cooper pairs are composed of electrons with opposite spins. However, this obstacle can be overcome if we take into account spin-orbit scattering inside the superconductor. Spin-orbit scattering induces a fluctuational (zero on average) spin-triplet component of the superconducting condensate, which is enough to establish Andreev transport into a strong ferromagnet. This remarkably simple mechanism is quite versatile and can explain long-range triplet proximity effect in a number of experimental setups. One particular application of the suggested effect is to measure the spin-orbit scattering time $$\tau _{\text {SO}}$$

τ
SO

in disordered superconducting materials. The value of Andreev conductance strongly depends on the parameter $$\Delta \tau _\text {SO}$$

Δ

τ
SO

and can be noticeable even in very disordered but relatively light metals like granular aluminum.
Prognostic Factors and Models for Predicting Work Absence in Adults with Musculoskeletal Conditions Consulting a Healthcare Practitioner: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wynne-Jones Gwenllian , Wainwright Elaine , Goodson Nicola , Jordan Joanne L. , Legha Amardeep , Parchment Millie , Wilkie Ross , Peat George 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
It is difficult to predict which employees, in particular those with musculoskeletal pain, will return to work quickly without additional vocational advice and support, which employees will require this support and what levels of support are most appropriate. Consequently, there is no way of ensuring the right individuals are directed towards the right services to support their occupational health needs. The aim of this review will be to identify prognostic factors for duration of work absence in those already absent and examine the utility of prognostic models for work absence.

Methods
Eight databases were search using a combination of subject headings and key words focusing on work absence, musculoskeletal pain and prognosis. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data from all eligible studies and assessed risk of bias using the QUIPS or PROBAST tools, an adapted GRADE was used to assess the strength of the evidence.
To make sense of the data prognostic variables were grouped according to categories from the Disability Prevention Framework and the SWiM framework was utilised to synthesise findings.

Results
A total of 23 studies were included in the review, including 13 prognostic models and a total of 110 individual prognostic factors. Overall, the evidence for all prognostic factors was weak, although there was some evidence that older age and better recovery expectations were protective of future absence and that previous absence was likely to predict future absences. There was weak evidence for any of the prognostic models in determining future sickness absence.

Conclusion
Analysis was difficult due to the wide range of measures of both prognostic factors and outcome and the differing timescales for follow-up. Future research should ensure that consistent measures are employed and where possible these should be in-line with those suggested by Ravinskaya et al. (2023).
Efficient sequestration of plutonium from aqueous medium using nitrogen doped graphene nano walls
Authors: Chaitanya V. Sri Datta , Manojkumar P. A. , Tripurasundari S. , Mangamma G. , Kutty V. K. Madhavan , Rao G. Srinivasa , Kaushik C. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrogen doped graphene nanowall(s) deposited on carbon paper is employed in sequestration of trace-level plutonium from aqueous solution using batch adsorption technique. Surface and structural characteristics of the sorbent are studied using SEM and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Radiometric α-counting of the supernatant solution showed > 90% sorption at pH > 7. Visual Minteq modelling revealed that Pu(OH)4 species is responsible for high sorption. Freundlich model evolved as the best fit, implying multilayer deposition on a heterogeneous surface as the mechanism of sorption. The combination of 10 M HNO3 and EDTA resulted in 75% desorption. The results are promising for the sequestration of trace-level plutonium.
Biocompatible nanoparticles for metals removal from fresh water with potential for rare earth extraction applications
Authors: Andriolo Jessica M. , Vorhies Xavier , Suttey Luke , Joseph Madison , Leitzke Teagan , Wallace Grant C. , Hutchins David , LaDouceur Richard , Downey Jerome , Skinner Jack L. , Hailer M. Katie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFreshwater contamination by metals can come from a variety of sources and be damaging to wildlife, alter landscapes, and impact human health. Metals removal is desirable not only for improving water quality and preventing adverse effects but also for metals collection and recycling. Nanoadsorption of metals is economically feasible and nanoscale materials exhibit a high surface-area-to-volume ratio that is promising for high adsorption and reactivity. However, the extraordinarily small dimensions of these materials allow them to maneuver biological systems, and combined with high reactivity, this translocation can result in toxicity. In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) composed of a magnetite core coated in hydroxyapatite (HA) and functionalized for adsorption with titanium dioxide (TiHAMNPs) were synthesized. The magnetic core enabled NP retrieval, while HA enhanced adsorption and minimized toxicity. Here, synthesis and characterization are presented, revealing a stable NP structure exhibiting a near neutral surface charge. Results of adsorption studies showed that as compared to silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles (SiMNPs), traditionally used for this application, TiHAMNPs exhibited significantly higher adsorption (43.28% more Cu removal) after 24 h. The equilibrium rate constant for the adsorption of Cu by TiHAMNPs was 0.0003 g/(min*mg) and TiHAMNP adsorption data indicated that TiHAMNPs adsorb metals in a monolayer at the particle surface with a maximum capacity of 2.8 mmol/g. Metabolic and toxicity assays showed TiHAMNPs were highly biocompatible as compared to SiMNPs. This work also explores rare earth element (REE) separation applications of TiHAMNPs, finding that TiHAMNPs may provide a promising alternative for REE retrieval and/or separation.
Long term follow-up of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated by intraoperative photodynamic therapy: an update from the INDYGO trial (NCT03048240)
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Vannod-Michel Quentin , Vauleon Enora , Bonneterre Marie-Edith , Reyns Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma remains incurable despite optimal multimodal management. The interim analysis of open label, single arm INDYGO pilot trial showed actuarial 12-months progression-free survival (PFS) of 60% (median 17.1 months), actuarial 12-months overall survival (OS) of 80% (median 23.1 months). We report updated, exploratory analyses of OS, PFS, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients receiving intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA HCl).

Methods
Ten patients were included (May 2017 – April 2021) for standardized therapeutic approach including 5-ALA HCl fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), followed by intraoperative PDT with a single 200 J/cm2 dose of light. Postoperatively, patients received adjuvant therapy (Stupp protocol) then followed every 3 months (clinical and cerebral MRI) and until disease progression and/or death. Procedure safety and toxicity occurring during the first four weeks after PDT were assessed. Data concerning relapse, HRQOL and survival were prospectively collected and analyzed.

Results
At the cut-off date (i.e., November 1st 2023), median follow-up was 23 months (9,7–71,4). No unacceptable or unexpected toxicities and no treatment-related deaths occurred during the study. Kaplan–Meier estimated 23.4 months median OS, actuarial 12-month PFS rate 60%, actuarial 12-month, 24-month, and 5-year OS rates 80%, 50% and 40%, respectively. Four patients were still alive (1 patient free of recurrence).

Conclusion
At 5 years-follow-up, intraoperative PDT with surgical maximal excision as initial therapy and standard adjuvant treatment suggests an increase of time to recurrence and overall survival in a high proportion of patients. Quality of life was maintained without any severe side effects.

Trial registration NCT number
NCT03048240. EudraCT number: 2016–002706-39.
Temporalism and eternalism reconsidered: perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge
Authors: Nawar Tamer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional debates between semantic temporalists and eternalists appeal to the efficacy of temporal operators and the intuitive (in)validity of instances of temporal reasoning. In this paper, I argue that such debates are inconclusive at best and that under-explored arguments concerning perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge offer more productive means of advancing debates between temporalists and eternalists and rendering salient several significant potential costs and benefits of these views.
Understanding the transition to viable but non-culturable state in Escherichia coli W3110: a comprehensive analysis of potential spectrochemical biomarkers
Authors: İzgördü Özge Kaygusuz , Gurbanov Rafig , Darcan Cihan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is considered a survival strategy employed by bacteria to endure stressful conditions, allowing them to stay alive. Bacteria in this state remain unnoticed in live cell counts as they cannot proliferate in standard culture media. VBNC cells pose a significant health risk because they retain their virulence and can revive when conditions normalize. Hence, it is crucial to develop fast, reliable, and cost-effective methods to detect bacteria in the VBNC state, particularly in the context of public health, food safety, and microbial control assessments. This research examined the biomolecular changes in Escherichia coli W3110 induced into the VBNC state in artificial seawater under three different stress conditions (temperature, metal, and antibiotic). Initially, confirmation of VBNC cells under various stresses was done using fluorescence microscopy and plate counts. Subsequently, lipid peroxidation was assessed through the TBARS assay, revealing a notable increase in peroxidation end-products in VBNC cells compared to controls. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemomometrics were employed to analyze biomolecular changes, uncovering significant spectral differences in RNA, protein, and nucleic acid concentrations in VBNC cells compared to controls. Notably, RNA levels increased, while protein and nucleic acid amounts decreased. ROC analyses identified the 995 cm− 1 RNA band as a consistent marker across all studied stress conditions, suggesting its potential as a robust biomarker for detecting cells induced into the VBNC state under various stressors.