bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Human Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: Smelter Dan F. , Sathish Venkatachalem , Thompson Michael A. , Pabelick Christina M. , Vassallo Robert , Prakash Y. S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a newly identified IL-7–like cytokine known to be expressed in airway biopsies of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As both diseases may be induced or exacerbated by cigarette smoking, it is possible that TSLP represents an important link between cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling in the airways. In this regard, TSLP appears to also be expressed in airway smooth muscle (ASM); however, its role is unknown. In the current study, we examined TSLP and the TSLP receptor (TSLP-R) expression and function in human ASM cells under normal conditions and following exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Western blot analysis of human ASM cells showed significant expression of TSLP and TSLP-R, with increased expression of both by overnight exposure to 1 or 2% CSE. Furthermore, CSE increased TSLP release by ASM. In parallel experiments using enzymatically dissociated human ASM cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura 2-AM and imaged using fluorescence microscopy, we evaluated the effects of CSE exposure on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) responses to agonist stimulation. [Ca2+]i responses to histamine were increased with overnight CSE exposure. Exposure to TSLP also resulted in elevated responses, which were blunted by TSLP and TSLP-R Abs. Importantly, the enhancing effects of CSE on [Ca2+]i responses were also blunted by these Abs. These effects were associated with CSE- and TSLP-induced changes in STAT5 phosphorylation. Overall, these novel data suggest that cigarette smoke, TSLP, and ASM are functionally linked and that cigarette smoke-induced increase in airway contractility may be mediated via ASM-derived increases in TSLP signaling.
Antigen-Specific Cytotoxicity by Invariant NKT Cells In Vivo Is CD95/CD178-Dependent and Is Correlated with Antigenic Potency
Authors: Wingender Gerhard , Krebs Philippe , Beutler Bruce , Kronenberg Mitchell 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that rapidly carry out effector functions following activation with glycolipid Ags, such as the model Ag α-galactosylceramide. Numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms leading to Th1 and Th2 cytokine production by iNKT cells, as well as the effects of the copious amounts of cytokines these cells produce. Less is known, however, about the mechanisms of iNKT cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ag availability and strength, as well as the molecules involved in iNKT cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that the iNKT cell cytotoxicity in vivo correlates directly with the amount of CD1d expressed by the targets as well as the TCR affinity for the target glycolipid Ag. iNKT cells from spleen, liver, and thymus were comparable in their cytotoxicity in vitro. Surprisingly, we show that the Ag-specific cytotoxicity of iNKT cells in vivo depended almost exclusively on the interaction of CD95 (Fas) with CD178 (FasL), and that this mechanism can be efficiently used for tumor protection. Therefore, unlike NK cells, which rely mostly on perforin/granzyme-mediated mechanisms, the Ag-specific cytotoxicity of iNKT cells in vivo is largely restricted to the CD95/CD178 pathway.
Mortality in fibromyalgia: A study of 8,186 patients over thirty‐five years
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Hassett Afton L. , Walitt Brian , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if mortality is increased among patients diagnosed as having fibromyalgia.MethodsWe studied 8,186 fibromyalgia patients seen between 1974 and 2009 in 3 settings: all fibromyalgia patients in a clinical practice, patients participating in the US National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (NDB), and patients invited to participate in the NDB who refused participation. Internal controls included 10,087 patients with osteoarthritis. Deaths were determined by multiple source communication, and all patients were also screened in the US National Death Index (NDI). We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) based on age‐ and sex‐stratified US population data, after adjustment for NDI nonresponse.ResultsThere were 539 deaths, and the overall SMR was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–1.26). Among 1,665 clinic patients, the SMR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.81–1.05). Sensitivity analyses varying the rate of NDI nonidentification did not alter the nonassociation. Adjusted for age and sex, the hazard ratio for fibromyalgia compared with osteoarthritis was 1.05 (95% CI 0.94–1.17). The standardized mortality odds ratio (OR) compared with the US general population was increased for suicide (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.15–5.11) and for accidental deaths (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02– 2.06), but not for malignancy.ConclusionMortality does not appear to be increased in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia, but the risk of death from suicide and accidents was increased.
Organically Functionalized Mesoporous Silica by Co‐structure‐Directing Route
Authors: Gao Chuanbo , Che Shunai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of functional mesoporous silica materials synthesized by the co‐structure‐directing route, which is distinct from conventional synthesis strategies. In these systems, organosilane serves as the co‐structure‐directing agent (CSDA), which provides critical interactions between the template and organic part of the organosilane to form mesostructures, thus retaining the organic groups on the pore surface after removal of the template by extraction. i) The formation of anionic‐surfactant‐templated mesoporous silicas (AMSs) has been achieved by the co‐structure‐directing route, which leads to a variety of mesostructures, porous properties and morphologies. ii) Other co‐structure‐directing systems for synthesizing mesoporous silicas have also been achieved, including systems using cationic surfactants and non‐surfactants, and systems using DNA for constructing nanofibers and DNA–silica liquid crystalline complexes. iii) Evidence for the regular arrangement of functional groups on the pore surface resulted from the co‐structure‐directing effect has been discussed. Also included is a brief description of the application, future requirements, and trends in the development of mesoporous materials by the co‐structure‐directing route.
Cerebral β‐amyloid detected by Pittsburgh compound B positron emission topography predisposes to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator‐related hemorrhage
Authors: Ly John V. , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Zavala Jorge A. , Ma Henry , O'Keefe Graeme , Gong Sylvia J. , Gunawan Rico , Churilov Leonid , Saunder Tim , Ackerman Uwe , Tochon‐Danguy Henri , Donnan Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) may be an important predisposing factor for the hemorrhagic complications of recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) therapy. We studied patients treated within 3 hours of onset of ischemic stroke with rt‐PA using positron emission tomography to compare Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) (a cerebral β‐amyloid ligand) retention in those with and without parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and normal controls. Neocortical PiB retention was higher among patients with PH compared with patients without PH and normal controls, suggesting underlying CAA as a predisposing factor for rt‐PA–related hemorrhage. This finding may provide an impetus for the development of a more practical rapid pretreatment screening technique. Ann Neurol 2010
Natalizumab drug holiday in multiple sclerosis: Poorly Tolerated
Authors: Killestein Joep , Vennegoor Anke , Strijbis Eva M. , Seewann Alexandra , van Oosten Bob W. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Polman Chris H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt has been suggested that natalizumab‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy may be prevented by structured interruptions of treatment. Evidence supporting such a drug holiday is not yet available. Here we present initial observations in 10 multiple sclerosis patients who were stringently monitored up to 6 months after discontinuation of the infusions. Cumulatively, a combination of clinical relapse and new and/or enhanced lesions on magnetic resonance imaging had occurred in 7 of 10 patients. Although numbers are small, our data suggest that in patients who were switched to natalizumab because of disease activity despite first‐line treatment, a natalizumab drug holiday without reinstatement of alternate disease‐modifying therapy is poorly tolerated. Ann Neurol 2010
On the Reach of Chemical Synthesis: Creation of a Mini‐Pipeline from an Academic Laboratory
Authors: Wilson Rebecca M. , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this retrospective, we recall some select cases of synergy between very challenging chemical synthesis and the identification of promising new candidates for pharmaceutics development. The progression from targets, often referred to as small molecules, to those of a size commonly associated with biologics (including glycoproteins) is also charted.
Preparation of heat‐resistant branched poly(styrene‐alt‐NPMI) by ATRP with divinylbenzene as the branching agent
Authors: Wenyan Huang , Huili Pan , Bibiao Jiang , Qiang Ren , Guangqun Zhai , Lizhi Kong , Dongliang Zhang , Jianhai Chen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHeat‐resistant branched poly(styrene‐alt‐NPMI) has been prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) and N‐phenyl maleimide (NPMI) with divinylbenzene (DVB) as the branching agent in anisole at 80°C. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the conversion of the reactants. Triple detection gel permeation chromatography (TD‐GPC) was used to analyze the copolymers. The results show that the polymerization yields primary chains predominately in the early stages and the formation of branched molecules occurs mainly when conversion is higher than 50%. As expected, higher dosage of DVB in our investigation range favors the formation of polymers with higher degree of branching. All the resulting branched poly(styrene‐alt‐NPMI)s have glass transition temperature (Tg) above 175°C, extrapolated initial weight loss temperature (Ti) above 410°C and statistic heat‐resistant index above 200°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Stahlfaserbeton nach DAfStb‐Richtlinie “Stahlfaserbeton”
Authors: Teutsch Manfred , Wiens Udo , Alfes Christoph 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStahlfaserbeton wird in Deutschland seit etwa Mitte der 1970er‐Jahre eingesetzt. Besondere Vorteile bietet die Zugabe von Stahlfasern beim Betonieren von Kellerwänden, Fundamenten, Fundamentplatten, Kellersohlen und Industrie‐ bzw. Hallenböden. Stahlfaserbeton ist ein Material mit besonderen Eigenschaften. Hervorzuheben ist seine große Duktilität, sowohl bei Druck‐ als auch bei Zugbeanspruchung. Mit Stahlfaserbeton können in den Bereichen Zugspannungen aufgenommen werden, in denen eine Einlage von Betonstahlbewehrung große Mühe bereitet. Die Berücksichtigung der Faserwirkung in den Bemessungsansätzen für die Grenzzustände der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit wird durch die vor kurzem erschienene DAfStb‐Richtlinie “Stahlfaserbeton” spezifiziert. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Inhalte der Richtlinie vor.
Hydraulische Reaktionen des Zements in Mörtel bei verschiedenen Parametern
Authors: Göske Jürgen , Winter Susanne , Pöllmann Herbert , Wenda Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Kryotransfer‐Rasterelektronenmikroskopie wird mittlerweile sehr häufig zur Erforschung von Abbindereaktionen in Zementen und anderen Baustoffen eingesetzt und kann heute als Standardverfahren angesehen werden. Ein wesentliches Interesse für industrielle Anwendungen besteht unter anderem darin, Untersuchungen des Zementleims in‐situ bereits ab der Wasserzugabe bzw. ab der ersten Minute der Hydratation in so genannten “Zeitschnitten” durchzuführen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einsatz eines Kryotransfer‐Systems bei der Untersuchung der Abbindereaktionen des Zements in einem herkömmlichen Beton aufgezeigt. Als unterschiedliche Parameter wurden modellhaft Abbindezeiten von 1 Minute, 5 und 60 Minuten bei Abbindetemperaturen von 4 °C, 22 °C und 40 °C gewählt.Hydraulic Reactions of Cement in Mortar at Different Parameters Analytical Observations by Means of Cryo‐Transfer‐Scanning‐Electron‐MicroscopyFor the investigation of hydraulic reactions of cements and other building materials the cryo‐transfer scanning‐electron‐microscopy is frequently used by now. Today the cryo‐transfer technique is considered as a reference procedure. An essential concern in industrial applications is – amongst others – the insitu investigation of the cement paste at the very early state of hydration – just after the addition of water, respectively during the first minutes within so‐called “time‐cuts”. The present work illustrates the application of a cryo‐transfer system for the investigations on hydraulic reactions of conventional concrete. Exemplary parameters were curing times of 1 minute, 5 and 60 minutes at curing temperatures of 4 °C, 22 °C and 40 °C.
Der Eurocode 2 für Deutschland – Erläuterungen und Hintergründe
Authors: Fingerloos Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer neue Eurocode 2: “Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken – Teil 1‐1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den Hochbau” (EC2‐1‐1) mit seinem Nationalen Anhang ist nach einer ausführlichen Erprobungsphase bereit zur bauaufsichtlichen Einführung in Deutschland. In mehreren Beiträgen sollen Erläuterungen und Hintergründe zu einigen Regelungen im Eurocode 2 und zu den Entscheidungen für Regeln im Nationalen Anhang vorgestellt werden, die entweder zu Änderungen gegenüber DIN 1045‐1 oder zu Abweichungen vom Eurocode 2 führten. Der Teil 3 enthält Erläuterungen zur Begrenzung der Spannungen, Rissbreiten und Verformungen.The Eurocode 2 for Germany – Explanations and Backgrounds Part 3: Limitation of Stresses, Cracks and DeformationsThe new Eurocode 2 “Design of concrete structures – Part 1‐1: General rules and rules for buildings” (EC2‐1‐1) and its National Annex has undergone a phase of detailed testing and is now ready for the implementation in Germany. In some articles should be given explanations and backgrounds of some rules in Eurocode 2 and of decisions for rules in the National Annex, which have been taken either to changes compared with DIN 1045‐1 or to differences to Eurocode 2. Article 3 contains explanations for the limitation of stresses, cracks and deformations.
Removal of nitrate and hexavalent uranium from groundwater by sequential treatment in bioreactors packed with elemental sulfur and zero‐valent iron
Authors: Luna‐Velasco Antonia , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Castro Beatriz , Field Jim A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe bioreduction of soluble hexavalent uranium (UVI) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (UIV) is an attractive bioremediation strategy for the clean‐up of contaminated groundwater. High levels of the common occurring co‐contaminant, nitrate (${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{-} }$), can potentially interfere with uranium bioremediation. In this study, treatment of a synthetic groundwater containing a mixture of ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{-} }$ and UVI was investigated in a sulfur–limestone autotrophic denitrifying (SLAD) bioreactor that was coupled in series with a bioreactor packed with zero‐valent iron (Fe0, ZVI) and sand. An additional aim of the study was to explore the possible role of biological activity in enhancing the reduction of UVI by Fe0. The SLAD reactor removed ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{-} }$ efficiently (99.8%) at loadings of up to 20 mmol ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{-} }$ L d−1, with near stoichiometric conversion to benign dinitrogen gas (N2). The ZVI bioreactor subsequently removed uranium (99.8%) at high (0.22 mM) and low (0.02 mM) influent concentrations of the radionuclide. Aqueous uranium was reliably eliminated to below the maximum contaminant level of 30 µg L−1 (0.13 µM) when the ZVI reactor was operated at average empty bed hydraulic retention times as low as 2.3 h, demonstrating the feasibility of the sequential treatment strategy in packed bed bioreactors. Sequential extraction of the ZVI reactor packing confirmed that uranium was immobilized as UIV. Uranium removal was enhanced by microbial activity as confirmed by the increased rate of uranium removal in batch assays inoculated with effluent from the ZVI bioreactor and spiked with Fe0 compared to abiotic controls. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 933–942. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of denitrification on arsenite oxidation and arsenic mobility in an anoxic sediment column model with activated alumina
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Field Jim A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArsenite (As(III)) is the predominant arsenic (As) species in reducing environments. As(III) is less strongly adsorbed than As(V) at circumneutral pH conditions by common non‐iron metal oxides in sediments such as those of aluminum. Therefore, oxidation of As(III) to As(V) could contribute to an improved immobilization of As and thus help mitigate As contamination in groundwater. Microbial oxidation of As(III) is known to readily under aerobic conditions, however, the dissolved oxygen (O2) concentration in groundwater may be limited due to the poor solubility of O2 and its high chemical reactivity with reduced compounds. Nitrate (${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $), can be considered as an alternative electron acceptor, which can support oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by denitrifying bacteria. In this study, two up‐flow sediment columns packed with activated alumina (AA) were utilized to demonstrate the role of denitrification on the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and its contribution to improved As adsorption onto AA. One column was supplied with ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ (C1) and its performance was compared with a control column lacking ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ (C2). During most of the operation when the pH was in the circumneutral range (days 50–250), the release of arsenic was greater from C2 compared to C1. The effluent As concentrations started increasing on days 60 and 100 in C2 and C1, respectively. Complete breakthrough started on day 200 in C2; whereas in C1, complete breakthrough was never achieved. The effluent and solid phase As speciation was dominated by As(V) in C1, indicating the occurrence of As(III) oxidation due to ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $; whereas in C2, only As(III) was dominant. This study illustrates a bioremediation or natural attenuation process based on anoxic microbial ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $‐dependent oxidation of As(III) to more readily adsorbed As(V) as a means to enhance the immobilization of As on alumina oxide particles in subsurface environments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 786–794. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A strategic approach for the design and operation of two‐phase partitioning bioscrubbers for the treatment of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Yeom Sung Ho , Daugulis Andrew J. , Nielsen David R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA strategic approach for the design of two‐phase partitioning bioscrubbers (TPPBs) has been formulated using, as a basis, a re‐evaluation of extensive literature data available for the degradation of benzene by Achromobacter xylosoxidans Y234 in TPPBs with n‐hexadecane as the partitioning phase. Using a previously determined maintenance coefficient for benzene, we determined that an inlet benzene loading rate of 100 mg/h requires 5,928 mg cell mass at biological steady state and 243.0 mg O2/h. The total oxygen‐transfer rates (TOTRs) into the TPPB increased by 83.5% with 33.3% of organic phase compared with a single aqueous phase and were significantly influenced by gas flow rate, whereas agitation has a minor affect. The fraction of organic phase used was suggested to be the primary parameter with which the TOTR into the TPPB may be altered. Although the presence of an organic solvent in the TPPB remarkably increased the TOTR, the total benzene transfer rate into the TPPB remained largely insensitive due to the intrinsic low Henry's law constant (or relatively high solubility) of benzene in water. Finally, we have integrated the elements of this analysis into a set of heuristic criteria that can serve as a guideline for the design of TPPB systems for future volatile organic compound treatment applications. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Optimization‐based metabolic control analysis
Authors: Uygun Korkut , Uygun Basak , Matthew Howard W. T. , Huang Yinlun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, a novel optimization‐based metabolic control analysis (OMCA) method is introduced for reducing data requirement for metabolic control analysis (MCA). It is postulated that using the optimal control approach, the fluxes in a metabolic network are correlated to metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities as a state‐feedback control system that is optimal with respect to a homeostasis objective. It is then shown that the optimal feedback gains are directly related to the elasticity coefficients (ECs) of MCA. This approach requires determination of the relative “importance” of metabolites and fluxes for the system, which is possible with significantly reduced experimental data, as compared with typical MCA requirements. The OMCA approach is applied to a top–down control model of glycolysis in hepatocytes. It is statistically demonstrated that the OMCA model is capable of predicting the ECs observed experimentally with few exceptions. Further, an OMCA‐based model reconciliation study shows that the modification of four assumed stoichiometric coefficients in the model can explain most of the discrepancies, with the exception of elasticities with respect to the NADH/NAD ratio. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Inhibition of Hsp90 with Resorcylic Acid Macrolactones: Synthesis and Binding Studies
Authors: Day James E. H. , Sharp Swee Y. , Rowlands Martin G. , Aherne Wynne , Lewis William , Roe S. Mark , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Pearl Laurence H. , Workman Paul , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of resorcylic acid macrolactones, analogues of the natural product radicicol has been prepared by chemical synthesis, and evaluated as inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), an emerging attractive target for novel cancer therapeutic agents. The synthesis involves acylation of an ortho‐toluic acid dianion, esterification, followed by a ring‐closing metathesis to form the macrocycle. Subsequent manipulation of the protected hydroxymethyl side chain allows access to a range of new analogues following deprotection of the two phenolic groups. Co‐crystallization of one of the new macrolactones with the N‐terminal domain of yeast Hsp90 confirms that it binds in a similar way to the natural product radicicol and to our previous synthetic analogues, but that the introduction of the additional hydroxymethyl substituent appears to result in an unexpected change in conformation of the macrocyclic ring. As a result of this conformational change, the compounds bound less favorably to Hsp90.