bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge About Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Prevention of African-American and Hispanic Adults and Adolescents With Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Weber Cullen Karen , Buzek Bonnie B. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess type 2 diabetes knowledge, perceptions, risk factor awareness, and prevention practices among African American and Hispanic families with a history of diabetes. Methods Ninth and tenth grade Houston area students who had a parent who spoke English or Spanish and had a family history of type 2 diabetes were recruited. Student interviews took place during lunch. Parents were interviewed via telephone. Open-ended questions in the interview guide assessed knowledge of diabetes and risk factors, diabetes prevention practices, and perceived risk. Students reported dietary behaviors. Responses were recorded. Results Interviews were conducted with 39 parents (95% female, 49% African-American, 51% Hispanic) and 21 ninth and tenth grade adolescents (71% female, 43% African-American, 57% Hispanic). The majority were overweight. Approximately one-half of both groups reported some knowledge of diabetes. The majority (74%) of parents correctly identified family history as a risk factor, but few adolescents responded correctly. Being overweight was identified as a risk factor by 26% of the parents and 10% of the adolescents. Losing weight was not acknowledged as a way to reduce diabetes risk. Sweetened beverage consumption consisted of 2 cans/day and 43% reported to have skipped breakfast. Conclusions Overall, there was a lack of knowledge about risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes among African American and Hispanic families at risk. From a public health perspective, there is a critical need for innovative prevention programs targeting families at risk for diabetes.
Eμ-BCL10 mice exhibit constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways generating marginal zone (MZ) B-cell expansion as a precursor to splenic MZ lymphoma
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Wang Hongsheng , Xue Liquan , Shin Dong-Mi , Roopenian Derry , Xu Wu , Qi Chen-Feng , Sangster Mark Y. , Orihuela Carlos J. , Tuomanen Elaine , Rehg Jerold E. , Cui Xiaoli , Zhang Quangeng , Morse Herbert C. , Morris Stephan W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBCL10, required for nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation during antigen-driven lymphocyte responses, is aberrantly expressed in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type marginal zone (MZ) lymphomas because of chromosomal translocations. Eμ-driven human BCL10 transgenic (Tg) mice, which we created and characterize here, had expanded populations of MZ B cells and reduced follicular and B1a cells. Splenic B cells from Tg mice exhibited constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways is associated with increased expression of NF-κB target genes. These genes included Tnfsf13b, which encodes the B-cell activating factor (BAFF). In addition, levels of BAFF were significantly increased in sera from Tg mice. MZ B cells of Tg mice exhibited reduced turnover in vivo and enhanced survival in vitro, indicative of lymphoaccumulation rather than lymphoproliferation as the cause of MZ expansion. In vivo antibody responses to both T-independent, and especially T-dependent, antigens were significantly reduced in Tg mice. Mortality was accelerated in Tg animals, and some mice older than 8 months had histologic and molecular findings indicative of clonal splenic MZ lymphoma. These results suggest that, in addition to constitutive activation of BCL10 in MZ B cells, other genetic factors or environmental influences are required for short latency oncogenic transformation.
Potent HIV-specific responses are enriched in a unique subset of CD8+ T cells that coexpresses CD4 on its surface
Authors: Zloza Andrew , Schenkel Jason M. , Tenorio Allan R. , Martinson Jeffrey A. , Jeziorczak Paul M. , Al-Harthi Lena 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn humans, approximately 3% of peripheral CD8+ T cells coexpress CD4 dimly on their surface and hence are designated as CD4dimCD8bright T cells. We evaluated the contribution of this CD4dimCD8bright T-cell population to anti-HIV immunity. We demonstrate that CD4dimCD8bright T cells generate greater than 55% of CD8+ T-cell antigen recognition and effector response to HIV, as evaluated by multiple parameters for assessing T-cell antiviral immunity, including HIV tetramer recognition, cytokine production, and cytolytic potential. Inhibition of major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) on target cells or CD4 on CD4dimCD8bright T cells diminishes their anti-HIV responses, suggesting that CD4 on effector cells and MHC-II on target cells provides an additional arm of contact between effector and target cells which is critical to CD4dimCD8bright T-cell function. CD4dimCD8bright T cells also exhibit features that are indicative of central memory T cells. Finally, CD4dimCD8bright T cells are elevated in blood of HIV+ long-term nonprogressors in comparison to HIV− donors. Collectively, our findings show that CD4dimCD8bright T cells designate an enriched antiviral subpopulation of CD8+ T cells that should be targeted for therapeutic intervention or evaluation of vaccine efficacy.
HIV-1 gp120-induced migration of dendritic cells is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, p38 MAP kinase, and LSP1
Authors: Anand Appakkudal R. , Prasad Anil , Bradley Ritu R. , Deol Yadwinder S. , Nagaraja Tirumuru , Ren Xianghui , Terwilliger Ernest F. , Ganju Ramesh K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTargeting dendritic cell (DC) functions such as migration is a pivotal mechanism used by HIV-1 to disseminate within the host. The HIV-1 envelope protein is the most important of the virally encoded proteins that exploits the migratory capacity of DCs. In the present study, we elucidated the signaling machinery involved in migration of immature DCs (iDCs) in response to HIV-1 envelope protein. We observed that M-tropic HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) induces phosphorylation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Pyk2. Inhibition of Pyk2 activity using a pharmacologic inhibitor, kinase-inactive Pyk2 mutant, and Pyk2-specific small interfering RNA blocked gp120-induced chemotaxis, confirming the role of Pyk2 in iDC migration. In addition, we also illustrated the importance of Pyk2 in iDC migration induced by virion-associated envelope protein, using aldithriol-2–inactivated M-tropic HIV-1 virus. Further analysis of the downstream signaling mechanisms involved in gp120-induced migration revealed that Pyk2 activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which in turn activates the F-actin–binding protein, leukocyte-specific protein 1, and enhances its association with actin. Taken together, our studies provide an insight into a novel gp120-mediated pathway that regulates DC chemotaxis and contributes to the dissemination of HIV-1 within an infected person.
Microchimerism is strongly correlated with tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens in mice
Authors: Dutta Partha , Molitor-Dart Melanie , Bobadilla Joseph L. , Roenneburg Drew A. , Yan Zhen , Torrealba Jose R. , Burlingham William J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn mice and humans, the immunologic effects of developmental exposure to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) are quite variable. This heterogeneity likely reflects differences in the relative levels of NIMA-specific T regulatory (TR) versus T effector (TE) cells. We hypothesized that maintenance of NIMA-specific TR cells in the adult requires continuous exposure to maternal cells and antigens (eg, maternal microchimerism [MMc]). To test this idea, we used 2 sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests to detect MMc in different organs of NIMAd-exposed H2b mice. MMc was detected in 100% of neonates and a majority (61%) of adults; nursing by a NIMA+ mother was essential for preserving MMc into adulthood. MMc was most prevalent in heart, lungs, liver, and blood, but was rarely detected in unfractionated lymphoid tissues. However, MMc was detectable in isolated CD4+, CD11b+, and CD11c+ cell subsets of spleen, and in lineage-positive cells in heart. Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and in vivo lymphoproliferation correlated with MMc levels, suggesting a link between TR and maternal cell engraftment. In the absence of neonatal exposure to NIMA via breastfeeding, MMc was lost, which was accompanied by sensitization to NIMA in some offspring, indicating a role of oral exposure in maintaining a favorable TR > TE balance.
Absence of functional Hfe protects mice from invasive Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection via induction of lipocalin-2
Authors: Nairz Manfred , Theurl Igor , Schroll Andrea , Theurl Milan , Fritsche Gernot , Lindner Ewald , Seifert Markus , Crouch Marie-Laure V. , Hantke Klaus , Akira Shizuo , Fang Ferric C. , Weiss Günter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMutations of HFE are associated with hereditary hemochromatosis, but their influence on host susceptibility to infection is incompletely understood. We report that mice lacking one or both Hfe alleles are protected from septicemia with Salmonella Typhimurium, displaying prolonged survival and improved control of bacterial replication. This increased resistance is paralleled by an enhanced production of the enterochelin-binding peptide lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), which reduces the availability of iron for Salmonella within Hfe-deficient macrophages. Accordingly, Hfe−/−Lcn2−/− macrophages are unable to efficiently control the infection or to withhold iron from intracellular Salmonella. Correspondingly, the protection conferred by the Hfe defect is abolished in Hfe−/− mice infected with enterochelin-deficient Salmonella as well as in Hfe−/−Lcn2−/− mice infected with wild-type bacteria. Thus, by induction of the iron-capturing peptide Lcn2, absence of functional Hfe confers host resistance to systemic infection with Salmonella, thereby providing an evolutionary advantage which may account for the high prevalence of genetic hemochromatosis.
Cerebrovascular reserve capacity is impaired in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Nur Erfan , Kim Yu-Sok , Truijen Jasper , van Beers Eduard J. , Davis Shyrin C. A. T. , Brandjes Dees P. , Biemond Bart J. , van Lieshout Johannes J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a high incidence of ischemic stroke. SCD is characterized by hemolytic anemia, resulting in reduced nitric oxide-bioavailability, and by impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness is nitric oxide dependent and has been related to an increased stroke risk in microvascular diseases. We questioned whether cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness is impaired in SCD and related to hemolytic anemia. Transcranial Doppler-determined mean cerebral blood flow velocity (Vmean), near-infrared spectroscopy-determined cerebral oxygenation, and end-tidal CO2 tension were monitored during normocapnia and hypercapnia in 23 patients and 16 control subjects. Cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness was quantified as Δ% Vmean and Δμmol/L cerebral oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin per mm Hg change in end-tidal CO2 tension. Both ways of measurements revealed lower cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness in SCD patients versus controls (Vmean, 3.7, 3.1-4.7 vs 5.9, 4.6-6.7 Δ% Vmean per mm Hg, P < .001; oxyhemoglobin, 0.36, 0.14-0.82 vs 0.78, 0.61-1.22 Δμmol/L per mm Hg, P = .025; deoxyhemoglobin, 0.35, 0.14-0.67 vs 0.58, 0.41-0.86 Δμmol/L per mm Hg, P = .033; total-hemoglobin, 0.13, 0.02-0.18 vs 0.23, 0.13-0.38 Δμmol/L per mm Hg, P = .038). Cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness was not related to markers of hemolytic anemia. In SCD patients, impaired cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness reflects reduced cerebrovascular reserve capacity, which may play a role in pathophysiology of stroke.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy with donor T cells prevents and treats adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections after haploidentical and matched unrelated stem cell transplantation
Authors: Leen Ann M. , Christin Anne , Myers Gary D. , Liu Hao , Cruz Conrad R. , Hanley Patrick J. , Kennedy-Nasser Alana A. , Leung Kathryn S. , Gee Adrian P. , Krance Robert A. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Heslop Helen E. , Rooney Cliona M. , Bollard Catherine M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Viral infection or reactivation remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We now show that infusions of single cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines (5 × 106-1.35 × 108 cells/m2) with specificity for 2 commonly detected viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus, can be safely administered to pediatric transplantation recipients receiving partially human leukocyte antigen–matched and haploidentical stem cell grafts (n = 13), without inducing graft-versus-host disease. The EBV-specific component of the CTLs expanded in vivo and persisted for more than 12 weeks, but the adenovirus-specific component only expanded in vivo in the presence of concomitant adenoviral infection. Nevertheless, adenovirus-specific T cells could be detected for at least 8 weeks in peripheral blood, even in CTL recipients without viral infection, provided the adenovirus-specific component of their circulating lymphocytes was first expanded by exposure to adenoviral antigens ex vivo. After infusion, none of these 13 high-risk recipients developed EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease, while 2 of the subjects had resolution of their adenoviral disease. Hence, bispecific CTLs containing both EBV- and adenovirus-specific T cells can safely reconstitute an antigen responsive “memory” population of CTLs after human leukocyte antigen–mismatched stem cell transplantation and may provide antiviral activity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00590083.
Exposure to nanoparticles is related to pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma
Authors: Song Y. , Li X. , Du X. 
Published: August 2009

Nano materials generate great benefits as well as new potential risks. Animal studies andin vitroexperiments show that nanoparticles can result in lung damage and other toxicity, but no reports on the clinical toxicity in humans due to nanoparticles have yet been made.The present study aimed to examine the relationship between a group of workers' presenting with mysterious symptomatic findings and their nanoparticle exposure.Seven young female workers (aged 18–47 yrs), exposed to nanoparticles for 5–13 months, all with shortness of breath and pleural effusions were admitted to hospital. Immunological tests, examinations of bacteriology, virology and tumour markers, bronchoscopy, internal thoracoscopy and video-assisted thoracic surgery were performed. Surveys of the workplace, clinical observations and examinations of the patients were conducted.Polyacrylate, consisting of nanoparticles, was confirmed in the workplace. Pathological examinations of patients' lung tissue displayed nonspecific pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis and foreign-body granulomas of pleura. Using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticles were observed to lodge in the cytoplasm and caryoplasm of pulmonary epithelial and mesothelial cells, but are also located in the chest fluid. These cases arouse concern that long-term exposure to some nanoparticles without protective measures may be related to serious damage to human lungs.
mSpecs: a software tool for the administration and editing of mass spectral libraries in the field of metabolomics
Authors: Thielen Bernhard , Heinen Stephanie , Schomburg Dietmar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundMetabolome analysis with GC/MS has meanwhile been established as one of the "omics" techniques. Compound identification is done by comparison of the MS data with compound libraries. Mass spectral libraries in the field of metabolomics ought to connect the relevant mass traces of the metabolites to other relevant data, e.g. formulas, chemical structures, identification numbers to other databases etc. Since existing solutions are either commercial and therefore only available for certain instruments or not capable of storing such information, there is need to provide a software tool for the management of such data.ResultsHere we present mSpecs, an open source software tool to manage mass spectral data in the field of metabolomics. It provides editing of mass spectra and virtually any associated information, automatic calculation of formulas and masses and is extensible by scripts. The graphical user interface is capable of common techniques such as copy/paste, undo/redo and drag and drop. It owns import and export filters for the major public file formats in order to provide compatibility to commercial instruments.ConclusionmSpecs is a versatile tool for the management and editing of mass spectral libraries in the field of metabolomics. Beyond that it provides capabilities for the automatic management of libraries though its scripting functionality. mSpecs can be used on all major platforms and is licensed under the GNU General Public License and available athttp://mspecs.tu-bs.de.
Ovarian cancer detection from metabolomic liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data by support vector machines
Authors: Guan Wei , Zhou Manshui , Hampton Christina Y , Benigno Benedict B , Walker L DeEtte , Gray Alexander , McDonald John F , Fernández Facundo M 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of ovarian cancer biomarker discovery efforts focus on the identification of proteins that can improve the predictive power of presently available diagnostic tests. We here show that metabolomics, the study of metabolic changes in biological systems, can also provide characteristic small molecule fingerprints related to this disease.ResultsIn this work, new approaches to automatic classification of metabolomic data produced from sera of ovarian cancer patients and benign controls are investigated. The performance of support vector machines (SVM) for the classification of liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOF MS) metabolomic data focusing on recognizing combinations or "panels" of potential metabolic diagnostic biomarkers was evaluated. Utilizing LC/TOF MS, sera from 37 ovarian cancer patients and 35 benign controls were studied. Optimum panels of spectral features observed in positive or/and negative ion mode electrospray (ESI) MS with the ability to distinguish between control and ovarian cancer samples were selected using state-of-the-art feature selection methods such as recursive feature elimination and L1-norm SVM.ConclusionThree evaluation processes (leave-one-out-cross-validation, 12-fold-cross-validation, 52-20-split-validation) were used to examine the SVM models based on the selected panels in terms of their ability for differentiating control vs. disease serum samples. The statistical significance for these feature selection results were comprehensively investigated. Classification of the serum sample test set was over 90% accurate indicating promise that the above approach may lead to the development of an accurate and reliable metabolomic-based approach for detecting ovarian cancer.
MULTI-K: accurate classification of microarray subtypes using ensemble k-means clustering
Authors: Kim Eun-Youn , Kim Seon-Young , Ashlock Daniel , Nam Dougu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Uncovering subtypes of disease from microarray samples has important clinical implications such as survival time and sensitivity of individual patients to specific therapies. Unsupervised clustering methods have been used to classify this type of data. However, most existing methods focus on clusters with compact shapes and do not reflect the geometric complexity of the high dimensional microarray clusters, which limits their performance.

Results
We present a cluster-number-based ensemble clustering algorithm, called MULTI-K, for microarray sample classification, which demonstrates remarkable accuracy. The method amalgamates multiple k-means runs by varying the number of clusters and identifies clusters that manifest the most robust co-memberships of elements. In addition to the original algorithm, we newly devised the entropy-plot to control the separation of singletons or small clusters. MULTI-K, unlike the simple k-means or other widely used methods, was able to capture clusters with complex and high-dimensional structures accurately. MULTI-K outperformed other methods including a recently developed ensemble clustering algorithm in tests with five simulated and eight real gene-expression data sets.

Conclusion
The geometric complexity of clusters should be taken into account for accurate classification of microarray data, and ensemble clustering applied to the number of clusters tackles the problem very well. The C++ code and the data sets tested are available from the authors.
An integrated genetic linkage map for silkworms with three parental combinations and its application to the mapping of single genes and QTL
Authors: Zhan Shuai , Huang Jianhua , Guo Qiuhong , Zhao Yunpo , Li Weihua , Miao Xuexia , Goldsmith Marian R , Li Muwang , Huang Yongping 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background

Bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, is a well-studied model insect with great economic and scientific significance. Although more than 400 mutations have been described in silkworms, most have not been identified, especially those affecting economically-important traits. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are effective and economical tools for mapping traits and genetic improvement. The current SSR linkage map is of low density and contains few polymorphisms. The purpose of this work was to develop a dense and informative linkage map that would assist in the preliminary mapping and dissection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a variety of silkworm strains.

Results
Through an analysis of > 50,000 genotypes across new mapping populations, we constructed two new linkage maps covering 27 assigned chromosomes and merged the data with previously reported data sets. The integrated consensus map contains 692 unique SSR sites, improving the density from 6.3 cM in the previous map to 4.8 cM. We also developed 497 confirmed neighboring markers for corresponding low-polymorphism sites, with 244 having polymorphisms. Large-scale statistics on the SSR type were suggestive of highly efficient markers, based upon which we searched 16,462 available genomic scaffolds for SSR loci. With the newly constructed map, we mapped single-gene traits, the QTL of filaments, and a number of ribosomal protein genes.

Conclusion
The integrated map produced in this study is a highly efficient genetic tool for the high-throughput mapping of single genes and QTL. Compared to previous maps, the current map offers a greater number of markers and polymorphisms; thus, it may be used as a resource for marker-assisted breeding.