bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tidal Cycles on the Community Structure of Plankton (with Emphasis on Copepods) at Afmed Marina in Winter (A Preliminary Study)
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Al-Yamani Faiza , Polikarpov Igor 
Published: March 2012

Tidal cycles had no significant effect on the abundance or community structure of plankton at AFMED (Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Environment Department) Marina, nor had any physicochemical factor, except salinity, on the density of copepods (p < 0.05), although variation in the physichochemical data measured was small. The major components of the plankton community throughout the study were copepods, Noctiluca spp. (mostly N. scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy), and cirripede nauplii. Their abundance differed between high and low tides throughout the study. Variation between high and low tides was also observed among the various groups and species of copepods. MDPs (Mean Density Percentages) of calanoids, copepod nauplii, and poecilostomatoids were higher at high tide (45%, 20.09%, and 2.81%, respectively), while cyclopoid and harpacticoid MDPs were higher at low tide (30.63% and 9.95%, respectively).
The most dominant copepods were Parvocalanus crassirostris (F. Dahl, 1894), Paracalanus spp., Oithona simplex Farran, 1913, Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847), Oncaea spp., and Corycaeus spp. The copepods with the highest MDPs at high tide were Parvocalanus crassirostris (14.19%), Paracalanus spp. (10.79%), Oncaea spp. (1.75%) and Corycaeus spp. (1.06%), respectively, while Oithona simplex and Euterpina acutifrons had a higher MDP at low tide (14.97% and 9.12%, respectively). The highest MDP at low tide was that of Oithona simplex. Neither tide nor any other factor measured had a significant effect on any of the copepods. Other, related factors (mainly biological and anthropogenic) may thus have accounted for the differences in abundance and biodiversity observed.
Leviathan Bound; or the Re-education of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Taylor Quentin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThomas Hobbes is often credited as the “founder of modern liberalism” for grounding his political theory in individualism, natural right, and the social contract. The irony, of course, is that upon this foundation he built an imposing edifice of absolutism. What has escaped most observers, however, is the extent to which Hobbes' absolutism is mitigated by his own principles, qualifications, and doctrines. Hence, “saving Hobbes from himself,” is not simply a matter of correcting his errors, but requires drawing out the implications of his first principles and identifying the additional supports he provides for an essentially liberal order. In this way it is possible to “bind” Leviathan through a process of internal domestication, as opposed to looking backward to Aristotle or forward to Locke. The result is a “reformed” Hobbes who can be readily acknowledged as “the true ancestor of constitutional liberal democracy.”
Hobbes's Fifth Law of Nature and its Implications
Authors: Rhodes Rosamond 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHobbes presents the fifth Law of Nature, Mutual Accommodation, in Leviathan, Chapter XV. Although a great deal of scholarly attention has been devoted to the first four Laws of Nature, hardly any mention of the fifth appears in the literature. This paper explains the fifth Law as a central piece of Hobbes's theory and thereby reveals his progressive inclinations. Drawing upon relevant passages in Leviathan I show how Hobbes's view of property allocation and reallocation derives from this Law and how attention to mutual accommodation directs sovereigns to constrain their grasping inclinations and curb their disposition to overextend legislative authority.
Book Symposium: Hobbes and Political Theory Introduction: Hobbes, Language and Liberty
Authors: Bourke Richard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHobbes's place in the history of political philosophy is a highly controversial one. An international symposium held at Queen Mary, University of London in February 2009 was devoted to debating his significance and legacy. The event focussed on recent books on Hobbes by Quentin Skinner and Philip Pettit, and was organised around four commentaries on these new works by distinguished scholars. This paper is designed to introduce the subject of the symposium together with the commentaries and subsequent responses from Petit and Skinner. It examines the themes of language and liberty in the philosophy of Hobbes and concludes by highlighting some of the ways in which further research into Hobbes's debt to Aristotle's Politics will prove fruitful and illuminating.
“In Roman Costume and with Roman Phrases”: Skinner, Pettit and Hobbes on Republican Liberty
Authors: Brooke Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper presents a critical discussion of Pettit and Skinner's recent treatments of Hobbes on republican freedom, in particular situating Hobbes's attack on the republican politicians from The Elements of Law in the contexts, first, of other contemporary suspicion directed against those politicians who struck a distinctively “Roman” pose, and, second, of Hobbes's wider psychology of politics, before concluding with some reflections on the relationship between Hobbes's political theory and the project of egalitarian republicanism.
Reply
Authors: Skinner Quentin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis Reply first defends (against Cromartie) the claim that the 'neo-Roman' writers I discuss in my book held shared views about the nature of liberty. They all believe that freedom is taken away not merely by acts of interference but also by relations of domination and dependence. I argue (against Kukathas) that this commitment leads them to treat diminutions of the security with which we enjoy our liberty as diminutions of liberty itself. I take Hobbes to be opposing this position when he defines freedom as an absence of the kinds of external impediments that render actions within our powers impossible of performance. I question the suggestion (made by Cromartie) that Hobbes has a more extended view of the conditions that undermine liberty. I reaffirm (against Kukathas) that Hobbes's definition makes freedom an all-or-nothing matter, not a matter of degree. Finally, I restate (against Cromartie) my central contention that Hobbes's theory constitutes an attempt to challenge and discredit the rival neo-Roman account.
Response to Commentaries on Made with Words
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis reply argues five points, in response to the commentaries on my book, “Made with Words”. First, that Hobbes's theory of language may have supported his materialism, as his materialism supported the theory of language. Second, that for Hobbes legal penalties as such do not take from freedom, only legal obligations. Third, that his emphasis on maker's knowledge explains his theory of a priori demonstrable knowledge and, in particular, the importance he gives to definitions. Fourth, that Hobbes's theory of the desire for power suggests, against his own strategy, that people each ought to seek the equality that goes with others not having power over them; this is the next best to the inequality a person would enjoy in having power over others. And fifth, that Hobbes's theory of freedom is inferior in a number of respects to the republican theory of freedom as non-domination that he opposed.
Hobbes, Language and Philip Pettit
Authors: Dawson Hannah 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article I explore two aspects of Pettit's thesis about Hobbes' innovation with regard to the transformative and central role of language in thought and politics. First, I argue that while Hobbes had many debts to both traditionalists and innovators, he did break new ground in characterising language as in some ways constitutive of thought – a conclusion he came to as a consequence not only of his extreme nominalism, but also of his views on the exceptional sensibility of words. Second, I argue that while language is part of a matrix of the forces which shape politics, it plays a powerful and indispensable part in both saving and cursing society.
The Greek Patronymics in -(ί)δας / -(ί)δης
Authors:   Keurentjes
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe suffix -ίδας (Ionic-Attic -ίδης) is often considered to have originally formed patronymics, and hence, by widening of sense, also family-, deme-, and other group-names (§1). As it is difficult to give an acceptable explanation for ‘x-ίδας’ starting from an original meaning ‘son of x’ (§2), I will propose here a new solution: -ίδας as patronymic is a restricted use of the original meaning ‘member of the clan, group of...’. The suffix is a complex of -ίδ- and -α-, both of pre-Greek origin (§3 & §4). The first is, among other things, attested in territorial and phyle-names: Φωκίς, ’AργoΛίς, ’OζoΛίς, Aαιντίς (φυΛε). The second denotes male inhabitants of a territory and members of a phyle: ’AργóΛας, ’OζóΛας;, Aιαντ;ίδες (member of the Attic phyle Aιαντίς) (§5). -ίδ- and â–“(α)δ- are allomorphs of the same pre-Greek suffix, and -δας is probably a more original form than -ίδας (§6)).
Envisioning Crucifixion: Light from Several Inscriptions and the Palatine Graffito
Authors: Cook John Granger 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Palatine graffito of a crucified man with an ass's head, a graffito that uses crucifixion as an obscenity, and the remnant of a crucified man's foot transfixed by a nail provide visual imagery of ancient Roman practice. Less well known to NT scholars are two Latin inscriptions that mention crucifixion. One describes a contract for a public undertaker that includes a number of references to crucifixion and the torture that accompanied it. Private individuals, for example, could have their slaves crucified for a modest sum. Another inscription includes a reference to an alleged crucifixion of a Roman centurion by Piso. It helps indicate how rare crucifixion was in the case of citizens. The inscriptions and graffiti illuminate crucifixion—a central focus of NT texts and NT theology.
Activation of transcription during the hatching process of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis
Authors: Blair Lynsey , Perry Roland N. , Oparka Karl , Jones John T. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Acridine orange staining was used to compare transcription patterns in
hatched and unhatched second stage juveniles (J2s) of Globodera
rostochiensis. Unhatched J2s showed little staining when compared with
hatched J2s. Hatched J2s showed specific and reproducible staining of the
nucleoli of the dorsal oesophageal gland cell and genital primordia. Some
staining was also observed in the nucleoli of the subventral gland cells.
Exposure of the unhatched J2s to sterile distilled water (SDW) did not
result in any noticeable increase in staining with acridine orange.
Prolonged periods in tomato root diffusate (TRD) were required to induce
changes in dorsal oesophageal gland cell activity of unhatched J2s. Hatched
J2s always showed staining of the dorsal oesophageal gland cell and genital
primordia, regardless of their length of exposure to TRD. These results
demonstrate that changes in transcription patterns of rRNA are induced in a
range of structures during the hatching process. Activation de la
transcription au cours de l'eclosion chez le nematode a kyste de la pomme de
terre Globodera rostochiensis - La coloration a l'acridine orange a ete
utilisee en vue de comparer les profils de transcription chez les juveniles
de deuxieme stade (J2) de Globodera rostochiensis eclos et non eclos. La
coloration des J2 non eclos est faible en comparaison de celle des J2 eclos.
Ces derniers montrent une coloration specifique et reproductible des
nucleoles de la cellule glandulaire oesophagienne dorsale ainsi que des
primordiums genitaux. Une coloration des nucleoles des cellules glandulaires
oesophagiennes subventrales est egalement observee. L'exposition des J2 non
eclos a l'eau distillee sterile ne provoque aucune augmentation notable de
la coloration a l'acridine orange. Des periodes prolongees de contact avec
les exsudats radiculaires de tomate sont necessaires pour induire un
changement dans l'activite de la cellule glandulaire oesophagienne dorsale
des J2 non eclos. Les J2 eclos montrent toujours une coloration de la
cellule glandulaire oesophagienne dorsale et des primordiums genitaux quelle
que soit la longueur de l'exposition a ces exsudats. Ces resultats
demontrent que les changements dans les profils de transcription du rRNA
sont induits pendant l'eclosion par une serie de structures.
Production of species-specific Meloidogyne populations for the identification of resistance in germplasm collections
Authors: Janssen Richard , Van Silfhout Cor , Hoogendoorn J. Coosje 
Published: March 2012

AbstractField populations sometimes are a mixture of species and genotypes, which makes them unsuitable for resistance screening against root-knot nematodes. To solve this problem, a special protocol was developed to produce species-specific populations originating from single juveniles and to prevent contamination of inoculum of species-specific populations by other aggressive Meloidogyne species. These populations are representative of the type races occurring in the Netherlands. Before multiplication of the egg mass, the Meloidogyne female was identified by isozyme patterns of esterase (Est) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh). The Petri dish method was evaluated to study the infection process of M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax on potato roots. High infection levels were obtained following inoculation with a water suspension of juveniles. The potential use of the Petri dish method for screening for resistance was assessed by inoculation of juveniles of Globodera species on roots of susceptible and resistant potato cultivars, resulting in clear differential reactions. During this study, a deviating group of field populations was distinguished based on isozyme band patterns. It was later described as a new species, M. fallax. Production de populations de Meloidogyne specifiques de l'espece en vue de l'identification de la resistance dans les collections de germplasmes - Les population des Meloidogyne rencontrees au champ peuvent etre des melanges d'especes et de genotypes et de ce fait ne conviennent pas pour tester la resistance a ces nematodes. Afin de surmonter cette difficulte, un protocole particulier a ete mis au point visant, a partir d'un seul juvenile, a produire des populations specifiques de l'espece et a eviter la contamination de ces populations par d'autres especes agressives de Meloidogyne. Ces populations sont representatives des races types presentes aux Pays Bas. En prealable a la multiplication de la masse d'oeufs, il a ete realise une pre-identification de la femelle a l'aide de profils esterasiques concernant l'esterase (Est) et la malate deshydrogenase (Mdh). La methode dite des boites de Petri a ete testee en vue de l'etude du processus d'infestation de M. hapla, M. chitwoodi et M. fallax sur des racines de pomme de terre. Grace a ce systeme, des taux d'infestation eleves sont obtenus apres inoculation a l'aide d'une suspension de juveniles dans l'eau. Les potentialites de la methode des boites de Petri ont ete confirmees par inoculation de juveniles de Globodera dans des racines de cultivars de pomme de terre sensibles et resistants, lesquels ont montre des reactions tres differentes. Au cours de ces recherches, un groupe aberrant de populations sauvages a pu etre distingue grace aux profils des isozymes, groupe decrit ensuite comme une espece nouvelle, M. fallax.
On the ‘Philosophical Foundations’ of Italian Workerism: A Conceptual Approach
Authors: Zanini Adelino 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article explores some of the crucial conceptual dimensions of Italian workerist Marxism [operaismo], identifying both its underlying impetus and its limits in particular interpretations of Marxian concepts. Particular emphasis is placed on the manner in which the focus of workerists such as Mario Tronti and Antonio Negri on living labour, antagonism and class-composition can be understood in terms of a philosophy of subjectivity founded on a Marxian conception of difference.
Moral Dilemmas and Broken Promises: A Historical-Philosophical Overview of the Nonviolent Movement
Authors: Losurdo Domenico 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGreat historical crises oblige us to choose not between violence and nonviolence, but between two different forms of violence. Nonviolent movements are no exception to this rule. In the US, with the outbreak of the War of Secession, the Christian-nonviolent movement was obliged to choose between the violence of the Union-army (which ultimately imposed on the South an abolitionist revolution from above) and the violence of slavery. With the outbreak of World-War One, Lenin chose revolution, while, in India, Gandhi became the ‘recruiting agent-in-chief’ for the British army. At that moment, he struggled not for the general emancipation of colonial peoples, but only for the co-optation of the Indian people under the ruling races, and this co-optation was to be gained on the battlefield. While in the past, in spite of their mistakes and oscillations, the protagonists of nonviolence (Gandhi, Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, etc.) were an integral part of the anticolonialist movement, today nonviolence is the watchword of imperialism, which tries to discredit as violent its enemies and challengers.
‘What Keeps Mankind Alive?’: the Eleventh International Istanbul Biennial. Once More on Aesthetics and Politics
Authors: Day Gail , Edwards Steve , Mabb David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStarting from the 2009 Istanbul Biennial, with its Brechtian curatorial theme, this essay considers the Left’s varying responses to art’s so-called ‘political turn’. Discussion ranges from the local and regional context of the Biennial’s function as part of Turkey’s bid to join the EU, through to a longer theoretical perspective on the critical debates over ‘art and life’, artistic autonomy and heteronomy, and the revival in avant-gardism. The authors propose that the standard accounts of the intimate connection between the commodity and art have become politically counterproductive. They suggest that Marxist analysis needs to develop a more complexly-articulated philosophical reflection on the relation between economy, politics, and art ‐ and between political and aesthetic praxes ‐ if it is to advance its longstanding contributions to considerations of ‘aesthetics and politics’.
The Angry Priests in a Hattian-Hittite Narrative
Authors: Soysal Oguz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Hattian-Hittite interlinear bilingual fragment KUB 28.1 and its newly joined duplicate KBo 37.9 (+) KBo 37.74 are treated here. The text edition and interpretation are based on a combination of the Hattian and Hittite versions. The narrative contains scenes of some odd behaviors of priests which are an interesting addition to what we know about the administrative and daily life of priests in Hittite Anatolia.
Hyssop in the Ugaritic Incantation RS 92.2014
Authors: Hawley Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article suggests interpreting the word ùzb in the recently published Ugaritic incantation RS 92.2014 as "Syrian hyssop" (Origanum syriacum or Marjorana syriaca). The arguments advanced include epigraphic, etymological, and literary factors, as well as contextual analogies drawn from the mechanics of Ugaritian magic in theory and practice.
'Angelology' In The Epic of Gilgamesh
Authors: Ataç Mehmet-Ali 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Epic of Gilgamesh has been interpreted by Th. Jacobsen and his followers primarily as the story of a hero who struggles beyond his capacity to find immortality, gets disappointed, and finally faces the truth, maturing and turning to 'normality' on the premise that it is his achievements and not himself that will last. The present paper challenges a literal reading of the plot of the Epic along these lines, and through select comparison with the ancient Egyptian, 'heterodox' Hebrew, Iranian, and Gnostic traditions, argues that the meaning system embedded in the Epic can be thought to point to notions of 'mysticism' and 'soteriology', expressed in a distinctively Mesopotamian idiom that suppresses an explicit display of such concepts.
Noch Zu Den Hethitischen Arkuti-Priestern
Authors: Popko Maciej 
Published: March 2012

AbstractZum Priesterkollegium in der hethitischen heiligen Stadt Arinna gehörten als gesonderte Gruppe sieben ARKUTI- bzw. apezzieš ("die letzten") Priester. Im Beitrag werden mehrere Textfragmente angeführt, die für diese Bezeichnung die Bedeutung "Priester niederer Stellung" bestätigen und ein Licht auf die Rolle jener Priesterklasse im Laufe der in Arinna gefeierten Texte werfen.
Jesuit Scientia and Natural Studies in Late Imperial China, 1600-18001
Authors: Elman Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractArguably, by 1600 Europe was ahead of China in producing basic machines such as clocks, screws, levers, and pulleys that would be applied increasingly to the mechanization of agricultural and industrial production. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, however, Europeans still sought the technological secrets for silk production, textile weaving, porcelain making, and large scale tea production from the Chinese. Chinese literati in turn, before 1800, borrowed new algebraic notations (of Hindu-Arabic origins), Tychonic cosmology, Euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, and arithmetic and trigonometric logarithms from Europe. Until 1990, Chinese elites and their Manchu rulers interpreted the transition in early modern Europe—from new forms of scientific knowledge to new modes of industrial power—on their own terms. Each side made a virtue out of the mutually contested accommodation project, and each converted the other's forms of natural studies into acceptable local conventions of knowledge. The Ming and Qing imperial court induced Jesuit calendrical, military, and land mensuration experts to work as imperial minions in the government bureaucracy to augment each dynasty's own project of political and cultural control. Consequently, it would be a historiographical mistake to underestimate Chinese efforts to master on their own terms the Western learning of the Jesuits in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
A New World Order: the Spanish Campaign for Precedenge in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Levin Michael J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring the period 1558-1566, a major conflict erupted between Spanish and French ambassadors in Rome over the issue of national and monarchical precedence. This conflict reflected confusion about the transition of power between Charles V and Philip II and, more importantly, Spain's newfound sense of its greatness and destiny in the sixteenth century. Spanish ambassadors waged a propaganda campaign to try to change the accepted ranking of European crowns, with the Spanish Habsburgs moved to the top, but in the end their efforts failed. This failure exposes the limits of Spanish power, especially in Italy, where they have traditionally been considered dominant in this period.