bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age-dependent induction of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the human semitendinosus skeletal muscle
Authors: Park Soo , Kim Ha , Lee Jung , Yoon Kyoung , Chang Mun , Park Seong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo assess the dependence on age of the expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins in the human semitendinosus muscle, we measured the expression levels of several apoptosis-related genes, including apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays. We found that the DNA fragmentation was proportional to the age of the tissues sample donors. The expression levels of AIF were significantly elevated (by 10 to 25%) in semitendinosus tissue samples from older individuals, but the Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and HSP 70 levels remained almost constant. This data suggests that the morphological and functional changes observed in aged human semitendinosus muscle correlates with the apoptosis of muscle cells through the induction of AIF.
The Evaluation of Miscibility of Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Poly(ethylene Oxide) Blends by DSC, Refractive Index and XRD Analyses
Authors: Ramesh S. , Arof A. K. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), refractive index measurements and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The negative Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ12 from the melting point depression of PEO by the blending of PVC shows that the interaction between PVC/PEO occurs. A refractive index measurement was performed to show that the miscibility of PVC/PEO blends occurs not only in solid form but also in solution form. The linear variation with composition of the refractive index of the polymer blend solutions in THF at 28°C, 40°C and 50°C indicates the miscibility of PVC with PEO. The shift in peaks in XRD of PEO by the blending of PVC is a characteristic evidence of complexation between PVC and PEO.
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulator placement using high-field interventional magnetic resonance imaging and a skull-mounted aiming device: technique and application accuracy
Authors: Starr Philip A. , Martin Alastair J. , Ostrem Jill L. , Talke Pekka , Levesque Nadja , Larson Paul S. 
Published: August 2009

Object
The authors discuss their method for placement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes using interventional MR (iMR) imaging and report on the accuracy of the technique, its initial clinical efficacy, and associated complications in a consecutive series of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS implants to treat Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
A skull-mounted aiming device (Medtronic NexFrame) was used in conjunction with real-time MR imaging (Philips Intera 1.5T). Preoperative imaging, DBS implantation, and postimplantation MR imaging were integrated into a single procedure performed with the patient in a state of general anesthesia. Accuracy of implantation was assessed using 2 types of measurements: the “radial error,” defined as the scalar distance between the location of the intended target and the actual location of the guidance sheath in the axial plane 4 mm inferior to the commissures, and the “tip error,” defined as the vector distance between the expected anterior commissure–posterior commissure (AC-PC) coordinates of the permanent DBS lead tip and the actual AC-PC coordinates of the lead tip. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III), in the off-medication state.

Results
Twenty-nine patients with PD underwent iMR imaging–guided placement of 53 DBS electrodes into the STN. The mean (± SD) radial error was 1.2 ± 0.65 mm, and the mean absolute tip error was 2.2 ± 0.92 mm. The tip error was significantly smaller than for STN DBS electrodes implanted using traditional frame-based stereotaxy (3.1 ± 1.41 mm). Eighty-seven percent of leads were placed with a single brain penetration. No hematomas were visible on MR images. Two device infections occurred early in the series. In bilaterally implanted patients, the mean improvement on the UPDRS III at 9 months postimplantation was 60%.

Conclusions
The authors' technical approach to placement of DBS electrodes adapts the procedure to a standard configuration 1.5-T diagnostic MR imaging scanner in a radiology suite. This method simplifies DBS implantation by eliminating the use of the traditional stereotactic frame and the subsequent requirement for registration of the brain in stereotactic space and the need for physiological recording and patient cooperation. This method has improved accuracy compared with that of anatomical guidance using standard frame-based stereotaxy in conjunction with preoperative MR imaging.
Leptin Concentrations in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Relation to Maternal Weight, Birth Weight and Weight of the Placenta
Authors: Ishrat S , Rahman MW , Rahman MR , Hussain MZ , Jahan S 
Published: August 2009

Objective: Leptin is a hormone which regulates adipose tissue mass of the body. Substantial increase of leptin during pregnancy and detection of leptin and leptin receptor in placenta have led to the speculation that leptin is a gestational hormone with a possible role in regulation of fetal growth. The study was done to find out whether maternal and cord blood leptin correlate with birthweight and weight of the placenta. Materials and methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2005 to June 2005. The study was carried out on 39 pairs of mothers and newborns. Maternal venous blood was sampled just before delivery. Cord blood was obtained, birth weight and placental weight measurements were taken just after delivery of the baby. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maternal serum leptin was 24.50 ng/ml (range- 13.15-45.60 ng/ml) and cord serum leptin was 6.50 ng/ml (range- 2.02-12.30 ng/ml). There was no correlation between maternal leptin and birth weight or between maternal leptin and placental weight. Cord leptin was significantly correlated with birth weight but not with placental weight. There was no correlation between maternal and cord blood leptin. There was no significant gender differences in cord blood leptin concentrations. Conclusions: There may be an important role of leptin in regulation of fetal growth and development. Placenta may not be a major source of leptin in maternal and feto-placental circulation. Maternal leptin cannot be a reliable marker of fetal growth. Keywords: Serum leptin, birth weight, placental weight doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3049 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7
Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum from a Ruptured Superficial Uterine Vessel in Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Nahar Khairun , Begum Hamida , Khatun Mahmuda 
Published: August 2009

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in third trimester of pregnancy is a very rare but lethal condition which demands prompt diagnosis and management for the survival of both mother and fetus. A 30 years old multipara woman presented at 34 weeks of pregnancy with acute abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was done; an asphyxiated baby was born by cesarean section. One of multiple engorged superficial vessels on posterior surface of the uterus was found bleeding actively, which was then sutured. Post operative recovery of the patient was good. doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3055 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 32-34
Using Non-experimental Data to Estimate Treatment Effects
Authors: Stuart Elizabeth A. , Marcus Sue M. , Horvitz-Lennon Marcela V. , Gibbons Robert D. , Normand Sharon-Lise T. , Brown C. Hendricks 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Define the strengths and weaknesses of observational studies.

2.
List methods for the identification and control of bias in observational studies.

3.
Recognize propensity score matching methods.
Statistical Approaches to Modeling: Multiple Outcomes in Psychiatric Studies
Authors: Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Siddique Juned , Gibbons Robert , Normand Sharon-Lise 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review the role of multiple outcomes in psychiatric trials.

2.
Review different analytic strategies for analysis of multiple outcome measures.

3.
Discuss the best approach(s) to the simultaneous analysis of multiple outcome measures.
Molluscum Contagiosum: What's New and True?
Authors: Coloe Jacquelyn , Burkhart Craig N. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Discuss the natural course of molluscum contagiosum and the risk factors for developing the disease.

2.
Explain that patients with atopic dermatitis are at risk for developing severe molluscum contagiosum.

3.
Identify the various therapeutic approaches available and the indications for treating a child with molluscum contagiosum.
Vitiligo: Treatment Approach in Children
Authors: Isenstein Arin L. , Morrell Dean S. , Burkhart Craig N. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Describe the psychosocial impact of vitiligo in the pediatric population.

2.
Identify current treatment options for pediatric vitiligo.

3.
Explain the indications for referral of a child with vitiligo to a dermatologist.
Augmentation Plate Fixation for the Treatment of Femoral and Tibial Nonunion After Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Birjandinejad Ali , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad H. , Ahmadzadeh-Chabock Hosein 
Published: August 2009

Nonunion after intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial fractures, although infrequent, remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Augmentation plate fixation can be a reasonable choice in this situation. From 2003 to 2005, 38 patients (25 femoral nonunions and 13 tibial nonunions) were treated after intramedullary nailing with augmentation plate fixation, leaving the nail in situ, with or without autogenous cancellous bone graft. Patients were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively.
All 25 femoral nonunions healed with solid union (100% union rate), but 2 of 13 tibial nonunions remained symptomatic and did not achieve union (84.6% union rate) at a mean 4.78 months postoperatively (range, 1–6 months). No serious complications were encountered at 1-year follow-up. We suggest augmentation plate fixation for femoral and tibial nonunion after intramedullary nailing.
Labor-Related Sacral Stress Fracture Presenting as Lower Limb Radicular Pain
Authors: Thein Ran , Burstein Gideon , Shabshin Nogah 
Published: August 2009

In contrast to radicular pain during pregnancy, the incidence of postpartum radicular pain is rare. Sacral stress fractures are unusual but important causes for low-back and buttock pain and even postpartum radicular pain. To date, only 10 postpartum sacral stress fractures have been reported in the literature, with two descriptions of radicular pain as the presenting symptom.
A 36-year-old woman, 7 days after her second delivery, presented with symptoms of spontaneous acute claudicating in conjunction with a left-leg radicular pain for 5 days. Imaging studies revealed a left sacral stress fracture. Bone mineral density was normal. The patient reported no pelvic, back, or radicular pain during the pregnancy, and had no history of menstrual irregularities, previous fracture, eating disorder, trauma, or endocrine or metabolic diseases. No smoking or use of anticoagulation drugs was reported. Her obstetric and labor history showed no other risk factors. Epidural analgesia was used. Treatment consisted of toe-touch walking with crutches for 2 months, followed by full weight bearing, which resolved nearly all her symptoms.
Clinicians should consider sacral fracture as a diagnostic possibility in postpartum and pregnant patients with lower back and/or buttock pain with or without radicular pain. Bone scintigraphy and computed tomography are considered harmful for the fetus. Magneitc resonance imaging, which is more suitable for pregnancy, is more sensitive than bone scintigraphy in revealing stress injuries of the bone. Physical examination and proper radiologic evaluation are the main keys for revealing the pathology.
Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Long Bones: Clinical Outcome and Reconstructive Strategy for Lower and Upper Limbs
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Ihara Koichiro , Taguchi Toshihiko 
Published: August 2009

Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare and unpredictable lesion. Standard treatment ranges from surgical curettage to wide resection, with reports of varying oncological and functional results. Twenty-three consecutive cases of giant cell tumor of long bones were treated in 10 years. Fifteen men and 8 women had a mean age of 38 years (range, 17–82 years). Average follow-up was 45 months (range, 12–180 months). The most common tumor sites were the proximal tibia (10 cases), distal femur (8), and distal radius (3). All patients remained free of recurrence at the time of final follow-up. Functional outcomes as evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society measure were successful, with an average score of 26.6 points (range, 22–30 points).
To avoid local recurrence around the knee joint, we recommend radical intralesional curettage with a high-speed drill burr, adjunctive therapy with cryosurgery, and filling with polymethylmethacrylate. Primary total knee arthroplasty is acceptable for older patients. For giant cell tumor of the upper limb or for young patients, biological reconstruction should be applied.
Posterior Versus Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Anterior Tension Band Plating: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Freudenberger Curt , Lindley Emily M. , Beard Douglas W. , Reckling W. Carlton , Williams Allison , Burger Evalina L. , Patel Vikas V. 
Published: August 2009

Over the past 2 decades, posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with pedicle screw instrumentation has gained popularity. Anterior fusion techniques, however, have evolved over time and currently allow for minimally invasive anterior retroperitoneal diskectomy, interbody graft placement, and rigid instrumentation. A direct comparison of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with anterior tension band (ATB) plating to that of instrumented PLIF has not been previously reported.
This retrospective uncontrolled cohort comparison included 59 patients with low back pain and 1- or 2-level lumbar degenerative disk disease from L3 to S1 who underwent PLIF with pedicle screw instrumentation or ALIF with anterior tension band plating. Outcome measures included estimated blood loss, surgical time, radiographic evidence of fusion at 6 to 9 months postoperatively, and pre- and postoperative Oswestry Disability Index scores. Fusion rates for the 2 procedures were similar. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion patients had significantly higher estimated blood loss and longer surgical time than ALIF-ATB patients. Oswestry Disability Index scores were similar between the 2 groups at all postoperative time points, except at 3 months postoperatively when PLIF patients had lower scores than ALIF-ATB patients. These findings suggest that ALIF-ATB has similar fusion and functional outcomes as PLIF, but with shorter surgical time and decreased blood loss.
Hospitalist–Orthopedic Co-management of High-risk Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Pinzur Michael S. , Gurza Edward , Kristopaitis Theresa , Monson Rebecca , Wall Michael J. , Porter Anne , Davidson-Bell Victoria , Rapp Timothy 
Published: August 2009

The introduction of the hospitalist co-management model represents an opportunity to improve care by changing the system as it applies to a small group of patients. Eighty-six consecutive patients with multiple comorbidities were selectively enrolled in an academic medical center hospitalist–orthopedic surgery co-management patient care program. Patients were stratified by all patient refined diagnosis-related groups, severity of illness, and risk of mortality. Hospital length of stay, cost of care, in-hospital mortality, complications, and intensive care unit admissions were compared with a retrospectively constructed control group of 54 patients undergoing similar surgery during the period immediately preceding initiation of the program. The University Health-System Consortium observed-to-expected ratio for hospital length of stay was 0.693 compared to 0.862 for the control group. The severity of illness and risk of mortality scores represented a relatively higher risk stratification in the study group. While the overall observed-to-expected cost of care remained virtually unchanged, the positive impact of the study model revealed an increased positive effect on the more severely affected severity of illness and risk of mortality patients.
The results of this study suggest that a proactive, cooperative, co-management model for the perioperative management of high-risk patients undergoing complex surgery can improve the quality and efficiency metrics associated with the delivery of service to patients.
Peroneal Nerve Palsy Resulting From Fibular Head Osteochondroma
Authors: Mnif Hichem , Koubaa Mustapha , Zrig Makram , Zammel Nizar , Abid Abderrazek 
Published: August 2009

This article describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with an osteochondroma of the peroneal head causing peroneal nerve palsy. Physical examination disclosed large exostoses palpated at the right fibular head. Neurological examination revealed paresis of the tibialis anterior, lateral peroneal, and extensor digitorum muscles with a muscle strength grade of 2. Electrophysiological studies confirmed denervation of the muscles supplied by the right peroneal nerve. Radiological examination showed an osteochondroma in the head of the right fibula. The patient underwent surgical decompression of the right peroneal nerve after resection of the bone tumor. At 36-month follow-up, there was a complete recovery of the deficits.
Peroneal mononeuropathy in children is uncommon. Osteochondroma is a benign tumor consisting of projecting bone capped by cartilage. These tumors may be solitary or multiple and occur in hereditary multiple exostoses syndrome. The conjunction of this lesion with peroneal nerve palsy has been exceptionally reported for children, usually linked to hereditary multiple exostoses syndrome. Most peroneal nerve trauma occurs at the fibular head, where the common nerve has not yet divided into its deep and superficial peroneal nerve and where most peroneal nerve lesions, therefore, involve both branches, although motor deficits are more frequently involved than sensory ones. Surgical treatment should not be delayed because neurological improvement may be achieved if surgery is performed before severe neurological deficits become irreversible.
Posterior Subtalar Dislocation
Authors: Camarda Lawrence , Martorana Umberto , D'Arienzo Michele 
Published: August 2009

A subtalar dislocation of the foot is an uncommon injury, and cases of posterior subtalar dislocation are even rarer. This injury is characterized by a simultaneous dislocation of talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints while tibiotalar and calcaneocuboid articulations remain intact. Subtalar dislocation is commonly accompanied by fractures of the malleoli, talus, or fifth metatarsal and by a rotational component of the subtalar joint. Subtalar dislocation can occur in any direction and produces significant deformity.
This article presents a case of pure posterior subtalar dislocation in an 80-year-old man who presented with pain and deformity in his left ankle following a motorcycle accident. Radiographs demonstrated dislocation of both the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints. The calcaneus was displaced posteriorly without medial or lateral displacement. No rotational component of the calcaneus was noted, suggesting the trauma was in pure hyperplantar flexion.
We hypothesize that pure hyperplantar flexion could lead to a progressive subtalar ligament weakening that may result in a complete ligament rupture if the plantar flexion force is prolonged. This could be observed in the presence of good bone quality and if the force is applied distally at the navicular bone.
Georadar and seismic investigations over the Glacier de la Girose (French Alps)
Authors: Sénéchal G. , Rousset D. , Salomé A.‐L. , Grasso J.‐R. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTSeveral ground penetrating radar (GPR) acquisitions have been performed on a temperate glacier (glacier de la Girose, southern French Alps) in order to determine the ability of this method in terms of penetration and resolution. The final goal of these experiments is to constrain the structural context on an area where 3‐C wide‐band seismic recorders have been deployed for icequake analysis. Radar data have been recorded using 50 MHz antennae in order to get information about the glacier thickness, and 250 and 500 MHz frequency antennae have been used for shallow high resolution structural images. For comparison, thickness of the glacier has been independently evaluated from seismic data. Local determination of the electromagnetic wave velocities has been obtained from a CMP acquisition. Several hyperbolas can be picked up to 1600 ns, the strongest one being interpreted as the reflection from the ice‐bedrock interface, at 1150 ns (around 90 m depth). This result is well correlated to the seismic data which show on the unmigrated time section a strong dipping reflection between 50 (West) to 70 ms (East) (between 90 and 120 m after migration and depth conversion).Where the radar profiles cross crevasses, the unmigrated sections obtained with 250 and 500 MHz antennae show shallow diffraction patterns associated with low amplitude strip. On the migrated sections, one can observe deeper diffraction points, probably generated by rock material or water feeders. The high resolution data provided with radar allow to distinguish several periodic arrivals between 1150 and 1600 ns. These are interpreted as multiple reflections due to a thin water layer separating the base of the glacier and the bedrock. The lower resolution of seismic data doesn't allow to detect this thin layer.In terms of resolution, deep radar resolution is one order of magnitude better than the seismic one and shallow radar resolution is two orders of magnitude more accurate than seismics. Shallow radar appears as the only efficient tool for imaging the shallow glacier structures.
Resistivity imaging to determine clay cover and permeable units at an ex‐industrial site
Authors: Vickery Anna , Hobbs Bruce A 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTA previous geophysical and invasive site investigation over an ex‐industrial site near the Forth Estuary, Edinburgh, identified a network of subsurface oil‐pipes and shallow contaminants. A subsequent resistivity survey has now been conducted to determine possible contaminant migration pathways. Resistivity images measured along 28 profiles have been inverted to obtain resistivity models and their collation has enabled a pseudo three‐dimensional resistivity image of the site to be constructed. Shallow subsurface resistivities indicate that the majority of the site is covered by a layer of clay, approximately 5‐10 m thick, typically regarded as sufficient for containing contaminants within the near surface. However in one region the clay layer is shown to be thin and underlain by permeable sandstone thus presenting a possible pathway for downward migration of fluids. Resistivity values at greater depths infer the existence of several sandstone units and faults that may aid the transportation of contaminants away from the site. There is particular concern that pathways may exist that allow the transportation of contaminants towards the Forth Estuary. A revision of the local geology for the site to include the faulted sandstone has been suggested.