bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Return of the Native: James MacPherson, Improving Strategies and Clanship Imagination in Late Eighteenth-century Badenoch
Authors: Archambaud Thomas 
Published: May 2024

This paper examines a neglected facet of the life of the poet and colonial agent James Macpherson (1736–1796). Better known today as the ‘translator’ of Ossian, James Macpherson was also a political writer and MP who enjoyed a long association with the East India Company (EIC). In the 1780s, James returned to his native Badenoch, bought an estate, and played a decisive role in the reconfiguration of the area through military recruitments, land arbitration and new strategies of landownership and improvements. Studying James Macpherson's relation to land and kinship reveals a more complex and ambivalent man than previously acknowledged in existing literature. Drawing from official and private records, as well as Gaelic material, this paper uncovers the extent to which his reestablishment was the product of his imperial activities, as was visible in the reinjection of external capital in land. James's political connections in London were instrumental in assisting Duncan Macpherson (later of Cluny), son of the exiled Macpherson clan chief, in recovering the forfeited estates. Enjoying popularity with his tenants, James was reluctant to impose purely commercial improvements: his considerable East Indian profits provided him with financial emancipation from unpredictable land revenues and the ability to preserve his image of a paternalist landowner locally. However, this paper also engages with James Macpherson's ideology and recreation of a mythical past serving his own interests. Offering valuable help to the entrepreneurial Macpherson gentry also involved in India and America, James took a decisive role in offering advise and support to large-scale improvement projects. His adoption of a lavish lifestyle and conscious use of entertainment, made possible by the influx of colonial wealth, enabled him to challenge the old social order, juxtapose himself with the Cluny Macpherson and recreate a post-clanship culture serving the interests of the colonial gentry. The controversial perception of James Macpherson, whose role oscillated between that of nouveau riche and ‘clan champion’, sheds a new light on the impact of the British Empire on Badenoch, and the Highlands at large. A closer look at his reestablishment in Badenoch, a county traditionally seen by historians as an example of effective management without mass depopulation, provides new perspectives on the intersection of late-eighteenth century empire, improvement, and clanship.
Relationship Between the Role of Christian Religious Education Teachers According to Titus 2:6-8 And the Character Development of High School Students in Loa Janan Ilir District During The 2023/2024 Academic Year
Authors: Bali Henita Tangdi , Yulia Tantri , Rombe Eni 
Published: May 2024

The study aims to explore the relationship between the role of the Christian Teacher of Education (PAK) according to Titus 2:6-8 and the character development of high school students in the Loa Janan Ilir region for the academic year 2023/2024. Using the method of correlation analysis, the findings showed a positive correlationship between the role of PAK teacher and student character development, even though the correspondence was low with a Pearson correlative coefficient of 0.249. The results of the analysis also indicated that only a small part of the variability in student character development can be attributed to the role of PAK teacher, with a determination coefficient (ry2) of 6.2%. The study also highlighted that the majority of variabilities in the character development of students (93.8%) are influenced by factors outside the scope of the study. However, the level of significance of the correlation factor found (0.05) indicates that there is a statistically significant relationship between the teacher's role and the student's character development. Thus, the study provides important insights into the role of PAK Teachers in shaping the character of high school students, while emphasizing the importance of considering other external factors that contribute to student character development
A new self-adjustable glaucoma valve
Authors: Rafiei Soroush , Gerber Julien Maxime , Bigler Stéphane , Stergiopulos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, affects more than 70 million people across the world. When initial treatments prove ineffective, especially for cases with high intraocular pressure (IOP), the preferred approach involves employing glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs).Methods: This study introduces a novel self-adjustable glaucoma drainage device (SAGDD) designed to maintain IOP within the desired biological range (10 mmHg &lt; IOP &lt;18 mmHg) by dynamically modulating its fluidic resistance. Inspired by the starling resistor, we designed a circular valve with a thin, flexible membrane placed over the valve’s inlet and outlet. To achieve the ideal design for the SAGDD and optimize its parameters, we utilized fluid-solid interaction (FSI) numerical models and conducted parametric studies, wherein simulations demonstrated the validity of the concept. Subsequently, to confirm and validate the numerical results, we fabricated a SAGDD at a 3:1 scale and subjected it to in vitro testing.Results: Our findings demonstrate that, on a 3:1 scale, a circular SAGDD with a diameter of 8.1 mm and a stainless-steel membrane with a thickness of 10 µm effectively maintained IOP within the target range when the membrane exposed to external pressures of 7.5 or 10 mmHg.Discussion: In summary, our study establishes a strong foundation for further exploration of the potential efficacy of SAGDD as a promising treatment for glaucoma. The cost-effectiveness and simplicity of its design, devoid of costly instrumentation, hold considerable promise in addressing the challenges associated with glaucoma.
Prohibitin modulates periodontium differentiation in mice development
Authors: Aryal Yam Prasad , Han Song-Yi , Rana Bandana , Neupane Sanjiv , Kim Tae-Young , Pokharel Elina , Ha Jung-Hong , Jung Jae-Kwang , An Chang-Hyeon , Kim Ji-Youn , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Lee Youngkyun , An Seo-Young , Suh Jo-Young , Kim Jae-Young , Sohn Wern-Joo 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation.Methods: Immunolocalization of PHB in the periodontium of postnatal (PN) mice were examined. Phb morpholino was micro-injected into the right-side mandible at PN5, corresponding to the position where the alveolar bone process forms in relation to the lower first molar. The micro-injection with a scramble control (PF-127) and the left-side mandibles were used as control groups. Five days post-micro-injection, immunohistochemical analysis and micro-CT evaluation were conducted to assess bone mass and morphological changes. Additionally, expression patterns of signaling molecules were examined following Phb downregulation using 24-h in vitro cultivation of developing dental mesenchyme at E14.5.Results: The immunostaining of PHB showed its localization in the periodontium at PN5, PN8, and PN10. The in vitro cultivation of dental mesenchyme resulted in alterations in Bmps, Runx2, and Wnt signalings after Phb knock-down. At 5 days post-micro-injection, Phb knocking down showed weak immunolocalizations of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN). However, knocking down Phb led to histological alterations characterized by decreased bone mass and stronger localizations of Ki67 and PERIOSTIN in the periodontium compared 1 to control groups. The micro-CT evaluation showed decreased bone volume and increased PDL space in the Phb knock-down specimens, suggesting its regulatory role in bone formation.Discussion: The region-specific localization of PHB in the margin where alveolar bone forms suggests its involvement in alveolar bone formation and the differentiation of the periodontal ligament. Overall, our findings suggest that Phb plays a modulatory role in alveolar bone formation by harmoniously regulating bone-forming-related signaling molecules during periodontium development.
Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis carrier and disease isolates of MenB cc32 and MenW cc22 with epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal barrier
Authors: Peters Simon , Mohort Katherina , Claus Heike , Stigloher Christian , Schubert-Unkmeir Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm, the meningococcus) is considered an asymptomatic colonizer of the upper respiratory tract and a transient member of its microbiome. It is assumed that the spread of N. meningitidis into the bloodstream occurs via transcytosis of the nasopharyngeal epithelial barrier without destroying the barrier layer. Here, we used Calu-3 respiratory epithelial cells that were grown under air-liquid-interface conditions to induce formation of pseudostratified layers and mucus production. The number of bacterial localizations in the outer mucus, as well as cellular adhesion, invasion and transmigration of different carrier and disease N. meningitidis isolates belonging to MenB:cc32 and MenW:cc22 lineages was assessed. In addition, the effect on barrier integrity and cytokine release was determined. Our findings showed that all strains tested resided primarily in the outer mucus layer after 24 h of infection (&gt;80%). Nonetheless, both MenB:cc32 and MenW:cc22 carrier and disease isolates reached the surface of the epithelial cells and overcame the barrier. Interestingly, we observed a significant difference in the number of bacteria transmigrating the epithelial cell barrier, with the representative disease isolates being more efficient to transmigrate compared to carrier isolates. This could be attributed to the capacity of the disease isolates to invade, however could not be assigned to expression of the outer membrane protein Opc. Moreover, we found that the representative meningococcal isolates tested in this study did not damage the epithelial barrier, as shown by TEER measurement, FITC-dextran permeability assays, and expression of cell-junction components.
Object-oriented analysis as a foundation for building climate storylines of compounding short-term drought and crop heat stress
Authors: Fisel B. J. , Garbers S. J. , Haar D. , Zoerner M. M. , Gutowski W. J. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionCrops are vulnerable to precipitation and heat extremes during late spring through summer.MethodsWe analyzed for a north-central U.S. region short-term drought and agricultural heat stress during April-May-June-July. We used the 4-km Parameter Elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) for observations, aggregated to a 25-km grid, and two 25-km Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) simulns used either GFDL- or MPI-GCM boundary conditions. We chose 1981-2000 as our contemporary time period, and 2041-2060 as our scenario time period, which used the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 emissions scenario. We used object-oriented analysis to identify events of interest in observations and simulations by identifying objects in a space-time domain that meet specified criteria, such as exceeding a heat-stress temperature threshold. The event diagnosis allowed analysis of compound events, occurring when temperature and drought objects overlap.ResultsIdentified objects yielded events that can undermine agricultural productivity and which are thus relevant to decision makers, making them building blocks for possible climate storylines. The observations and simulations showed similar spatial distributions of event frequencies across the analysis region. However, the simulations attained this distribution by having fewer events that tend to cover larger areas compared to observed events, suggesting that the effective resolution of the simulations was coarser than their 25-km grids. Short-term drought frequency increased and heat-stress frequency decreased in transitioning to the scenario climate. When compounding occurred heat-stress events generally preceded the short-term drought events. The overlapping, compound events tended to be more extreme compared to non-overlapping events of either type.DiscussionThe information yielded projected changes in these agriculturally motivated events. One prominent conditional behavior emerging from the work was that a heat-stress event should be a warning to watch for potential drought, as both could compound each other to more intense levels.
Patient-centered communication’s association with trust, satisfaction, and perception of electronic health records use among newly diagnosed patients with cancer
Authors: Elkefi Safa , Asan Onur , Yu Zhongyuan , Yen Tina , Rowley Scott 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe diagnosis of cancer creates immediate psychosocial distress for patients. New cancer patients are required to make important decisions about their treatment. Thus, it is essential to investigate their communication needs. This study examines the association between patient-centered communication and newly diagnosed cancer patients’ trust in their healthcare providers, satisfaction with the care visits, and perception of technology use during the visits.MethodsWe collected data from the Hackensack Meridian Health between February 2021 and May 2022. One hundred thirty-five participants were included in the study.ResultsThe findings captured the significant effect of patient-centered communication on the trust in doctors and satisfaction with care services. However, no association was noticed with the perception of EHR use among this population.DiscussionIn the first visits after cancer diagnosis, patients need to build strong communication with their doctors to build trust in them. Future studies should focus on testing the hypotheses longitudinally to validate the findings in other phases of the cancer care continuum.
Making vulnerable groups able to connect socially and digitally—opportunities and pitfalls
Authors: Faye Reidun , Ravneberg Bodil Elise 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThis article addresses digital and social inclusion of adults with potential low digital skills. The article presents a case study of how digital learning activities (DLAs) as a service to refugees, immigrants, senior citizens, and young adults neither in education, employment, or training (NEETs), are delivered outside the formal educational system by two libraries and one civic organization in Norway, Denmark, and Belgium. Through the theoretical lenses of social capital building, co-creation and co-producing, the article analyzes how the DLA’s were organized and tailored for the participant’s needs, with an emphasis on cooperation efforts with local sub-partners and representatives from the target groups.MethodsA multiple case-design was applied using a process tracing method combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. To measure the partner organizations’ experiences from the project, we conducted participant observation, personal and focus group interviews, in addition to self-reporting schemas about how they organized the DLA’s. Surveys were conducted to measure the participants’ experiences.ResultsBy combining literature and theoretical approaches from several fields; digital inclusion, public and civil organization research—with a particular focus on libraries, and their role in educating refugees and other vulnerable groups, the article provides new insights on how public and non-public organizations in local communities can work together to tailor-make DLAs and contribute to the promotion of digital inclusion.DiscussionLibraries and civic organizations have potential to reach out to vulnerable people in local communities, to provide innovative DLA’s and to connect both people and organizations. Vital for recruitment of participants and to find the right level of digital/technical ambition is to closely co-create and co-produce with representatives from other local organizations in both civil and public sector during the whole process. Co-creating activities with actors representing the target group in the planning phase as well as co-producing them in the implementation phase, are important prerequisites. The article discusses the challenges of trust-building, of finding the right level of digital ambition as well as developing long-term digital activities as important factors for the promotion of digital inclusion.
A clinicopathological study of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours using the World Health Organization 2022 classification
Authors: Woo Chariene Shao-Lin , Ho Ronnie Siu-Lun , Ho Grace , Lau Hoi-To , Fong Carol Ho-Yi , Chang Johnny Yau-Cheung , Leung Eunice Ka-Hong , Tang Lawrence Chi-Kin , Ma Ivan Kwok-Ming , Lee Alan Chun-Hong , Lui David Tak-Wai , Woo Yu-Cho , Chow Wing-Sun , Leung Gilberto Ka-Kit , Tan Kathryn Choon-Beng , Lam Karen Siu-Ling , Lee Chi-Ho 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET) supersedes the previous one in 2017 and further consolidates the role of transcription factors (TF) in the diagnosis of PitNET. Here, we investigated the clinical utility of the 2022 WHO classification, as compared to that of 2017, in a cohort of patients with non-functioning PitNET (NF-PitNET).MethodsA total of 113 NF-PitNET patients who underwent resection between 2010 and 2021, and had follow-up at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, were recruited. Surgical specimens were re-stained for the three TF: steroidogenic factor (SF-1), T-box family member TBX19 (TPIT) and POU class 1 homeobox 1 (Pit-1). The associations of different NF-PitNET subtypes with tumour-related outcomes were evaluated by logistic and Cox regression analyses.ResultsBased on the 2022 WHO classification, the majority of NF-PitNET was SF-1-lineage tumours (58.4%), followed by TPIT-lineage tumours (18.6%), tumours with no distinct lineage (16.8%) and Pit-1-lineage tumours (6.2%). Despite fewer entities than the 2017 classification, significant differences in disease-free survival were present amongst these four subtypes (Log-rank test p=0.003), specifically between SF-1-lineage PitNET and PitNET without distinct lineage (Log-rank test p&lt;0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the subtype of PitNET without distinct lineage (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.28-7.16, p=0.012), together with tumour volume (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p=0.017), were independent predictors of a composite of residual or recurrent disease.ConclusionThe 2022 WHO classification of PitNET is a clinically useful TF and lineage-based system for subtyping NF-PitNET with different tumour behaviour and prognosis.
How did ancient human activities influence the properties and development of soil?—a case study of the Yangshao Village cultural relic site, Henan Province
Authors: Zha Lisi , Wang Wenjing , Zhong Junhong , Su Yiqi , Chang Dandan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: What were the effects of paleoanthropogenic activities on the physicochemical properties and degree of the development of soil? To search for this answer, we can not only understand the different types of ancient human activities but also explore the intensity and characteristics of the activities.Methods: In this study, soil samples from different soil layers and two profiles in the Yangshao Village cultural site in Henan Province were collected. Their physicochemical properties and the sporophyte phyllosilicates they contain were analyzed and compared.Results: We found that the paleoanthropogenic activities started in the relatively low-lying area, in which the slash-and-burn activities resulted in the soil being filled with intrusions such as charcoal debris and ceramic shards. At the same time, the coarse-grained matter was affected by the plowing activities and mostly decomposed into fine particles, and the content of clay particles reached an extreme value. The total nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium carbonate content exceeded the average value of the natural profile, indicating that ancient humans had used human and animal feces to a certain extent to restore the fertility of arable land.Discussion: Overall, ancient human activities hindered the development of the soil, especially the ground created due to habitation activities. From the type and content of clay minerals, it could be seen that the soil in this layer has been transported from other places, has a high content of clay particles, and has experienced fire baking. It was assumed that the ground was used to cover the grain or bury the garbage and lay with clay in order to achieve the effect of sealing. As a result, the soil voids and structure had been damaged to some extent, which prevented the downward leaching or precipitation of soil particles and minerals to a certain extent, thus affecting soil development.
Deciphering the role of apoptosis signature on the immune dynamics and therapeutic prognosis in breast cancer: Implication for immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Yunfang , Jia Xueyuan , Chen Sunyu , Lai Zijia , Deng Heran , Mo Yuqian , Xie Xinxin , Wang Zehua , Lin Ruichong , Ouyang Wenhao , Yao Herui , Wu Jiannan 
Published: May 2024

Background: In breast cancer oncogenesis, the precise role of cell apoptosis holds untapped potential for prognostic and therapeutic insights. Thus, it is important to develop a model predicated for breast cancer patients’ prognosis and immunotherapy response based on apoptosis-related signature.Methods: Our approach involved leveraging a training dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to construct an apoptosis-related gene prognostic model. The model’s validity was then tested across several cohorts, including METABRIC, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University (SYSMH), and IMvigor210, to ensure its applicability and robustness across different patient demographics and treatment scenarios. Furthermore, we utilized Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis to explore the expression patterns of these model genes in breast cancer cell lines compared to immortalized mammary epithelial cell lines, aiming to confirm their differential expression and underline their significance in the context of breast cancer.Results: Through the development and validation of our prognostic model based on seven apoptosis-related genes, we have demonstrated its substantial predictive power for the survival outcomes of breast cancer patients. The model effectively stratified patients into high and low-risk categories, with high-risk patients showing significantly poorer overall survival in the training cohort and across all validation cohorts. Importantly, qPCR analysis confirmed that the genes constituting our model indeed exhibit differential expression in breast cancer cell lines when contrasted with immortalized mammary epithelial cell lines.Conclusion: Our study establishes a groundbreaking prognostic model using apoptosis-related genes to enhance the precision of breast cancer prognosis and treatment, particularly in predicting immunotherapy response.