bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reizphysiologische Untersuchungen an Blutsaugenden Arthropoden Im Zusammenhang Mit Ihrer Nahrungswahl
Authors: Krijgsman B.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit Larven von Rhipicephalus sanguineus und Boophilus annulatus wurden sinnesphysiologische Untersuchungen ausgeführt in ähnlicher Wahlanordnung wie sie früher bei Stomoxys und Lyperosia benutzt wurde. Die Zeckenlarven besitzen einen Hautlichtsinn. Ältere Larven zeigen eine positive Phototaxis; Larven in der ersten Lebens-woche verhalten sich negativ gegenüber diffuses Tageslicht. Die Ursache dieses Verhaltens steht wahrscheinlich in direktem Zusammenhang mit der progressiven Pigmentierung der Haut. Weiter zeigen die Larven eine positive Thigmotaxis, Empfindlichkeit für Erschütterungsreize, eine positive Thermotaxis und eine positive Hydrotaxis, wobei sie jedoch Berührung mit feuchten Gegenständen sorgfältig vermeiden. Auch besteht ein Fernperzeptionsvermögen für chemische Reize, indem die Tiere Hautgeruch von Pferd, Rind und Mensch wahrnehmen. Nur in den ersten Lebenstagen reagieren sie nicht auf Hautgeruch oder Wasser. Geotaktische Orientierung konnte bei hungrigen Larven nicht festgestellt werden. In der Natur wird die Nahrungsreaktion wahrscheinlich auf folgende Weise ausgelöst: Durch positive Phototaxis klettern die Tiere auf Grashalmen hinauf, durch Erschütterung der Pflanzen und des Bodens bei der Annäherung des Wirtstieres werden sie aktiviert, durch Perzeption von Geruch, Feuchtigkeit und Wärme haften sie sich an das Wirtstier. Feuchtigkeit, Wärme (und Geruch) der Haut rufen Stechbewegungen hervor, und schliesslich wird vielleicht der Blutgeschmack die Saugreaktion auslösen.
On the Structure of Cyclopic, Synophthalmic and Anophthalmic Embryos, Obtained By the Action of Lithium in Limnaea Stagnalis
Authors: Raven Chr P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1. The structure of the head in 42 cyclopic, synophthalmic, triophthalmic, anophthalmic and acephalic embryos of Limnaea stagnalis, obtained by the action of lithium, has been studied. 2. Besides the displacement, reduplication, fusion or reduction of the eyes, the following deviations of the normal structure of the head have been obtained: a shortening of the cerebral commissure, with fusion of the right and left cerebral ganglion in the median plane of the head; suppression of the anterior and posterior part of the apical plate, of the head vesicle and velum; and fusion of the lateral tentacle fields into a single median tentacle field. Only in the acephalic embryos, further reductions of head organs (nervous system, statocysts, pharynx) occur. 3. The suppression of the differentiation of the 4 posterior cells of the apical plate occurs with absolute constancy in these embryos. In normal development, these cells are derived from the apical cells, which surround the animal pole of the egg. 4. The results do not lend support to the hypothesis that interactions comparable to the "embryonic induction" known in other groups play a part in the development of the head of Limnaea. 5. They prove, however, that lithium acts on a gradient-field in Limnaea as it does in the echinoids and the amphibia. 6. Recent experiments on the direct effects of lithium on the eggs of Limnaea are discussed.
Homosexuality: Mental health and quality of life in a Brazilian socio-cultural context
Authors: Ghorayeb Daniela Barbetta , Dalgalarrondo Paulo 
Published: July 2010

Background: The following study has focused on the production of empirical knowledge regarding homosexuality in the Brazilian social-cultural context. Little is known about this population in Brazil or in others in Latin America. Aims: Investigation and comparison of prevalence of mental disorder, search for mental health services and quality of life between a group of homosexual individuals and a heterosexual control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study, using ‘snowball’ sampling was carried out in order to form both groups, matched according to gender, age and educational degree. Instruments: Data were gathered in individual interviews, through the Brazilian versions of MINI Plus and WHOQOL Bref. Statistical analysis was used to identify frequencies and make comparisons concerning the dimensions that were investigated. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of mental disturbance and attendance at mental health services by the homosexual group was verified, when compared to the control. The negative impact on the mental health of homosexuals as a result of discrimination in the Brazilian socio-cultural context is suggested.
Post-occupancy Evaluation of a Built Environment: The Case of Konak Square (İzmir, Turkey)
Authors: Malkoc Emine , Ozkan Mehmet Bulent 
Published: July 2010

Konak Square and its environs in the city of İzmir have a diversity of users and activities. The area was studied to establish how much such a public open space meets user expectations. Taking environmental factors into account and investigating user dissatisfaction will help in the design of similar public open spaces in the future. Some 271 public users and 56 specialists were consulted for their opinions through questionnaires. At the same time bioclimatic comfort conditions were calculated using the Olgyay method so that we could investigate the relationship between user satisfaction and these conditions. The central tendency (average) of general user satisfaction was calculated as 4.5 using the seven-step Likert attitude scale while the average for general satisfaction of specialist consultants was 4.1. Of the 271 questionnaires received 179 were completed on days when bioclimatic comfort conditions were not reached and, surprisingly, users indicated that they were more satisfied on these days. Konak Square was built in 2003 at a cost of 3,600,000. The companies involved reported that bureaucracy and application costs were sometimes restricting factors during the design and construction stages.
Cooperation between deficiencies of IRF-4 and IRF-8 promotes both myeloid and lymphoid tumorigenesis
Authors: Jo Seung-Hee , Schatz Jonathan H. , Acquaviva Jaime , Singh Harinder , Ren Ruibao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) plays important functions in B- and T-cell development and immune response regulation and was originally identified as the product of a proto-oncogene involved in chromosomal translocations in multiple myeloma. Although IRF-4 is expressed in myeloid cells, its function in that lineage is not known. The closely related family member IRF-8 is a critical regulator of myelopoiesis, which when deleted in mice results in a syndrome highly similar to human chronic myelogenous leukemia. In early lymphoid development, we have shown previously that IRF-4 and IRF-8 can function redundantly. We therefore investigated the effects of a combined loss of IRF-4 and IRF-8 on hematologic tumorigenesis. We found that mice deficient in both IRF-4 and IRF-8 develop from a very early age a more aggressive chronic myelogenous leukemia-like disease than mice deficient in IRF-8 alone, correlating with a greater expansion of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Although these results demonstrate, for the first time, that IRF-4 can function as tumor suppressor in myeloid cells, interestingly, all mice deficient in both IRF-4 and IRF-8 eventually develop and die of a B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Combined losses of IRF-4 and IRF-8 therefore can cooperate in the development of both myeloid and lymphoid tumors.
Problematic severe asthma in children, not one problem but many: a GA2LEN initiative
Authors: Hedlin G. , Bush A. , Lødrup Carlsen K. , Wennergren G. , De Benedictis F.M. , Melén E. , Paton J. , Wilson N. , Carlsen K.-H. 
Published: July 2010

Although most children with asthma are easy to treat with low doses of safe medications, many remain symptomatic despite every therapeutic effort. The nomenclature regarding this group is confusing, and studies are difficult to compare due to the proliferation of terms describing poorly defined clinical entities.In this review of severe asthma in children, the term problematic severe asthma is used to describe children with any combination of chronic symptoms, acute severe exacerbations and persistent airflow limitation despite the prescription of multiple therapies.The approach to problematic severe asthma may vary with the age of the child, but, in general, three steps need to be taken in order to separate difficult-to-treat from severe therapy-resistant asthma. First, confirmation that the problem is really due to asthma requires a complete diagnostic re-evaluation. Secondly, the paediatrician needs to systematically exclude comorbidity, as well as personal or family psychosocial disorders. The third step is to re-evaluate medication adherence, inhaler technique and the child’s environment.There is a clear need for a common international approach, since there is currently no uniform agreement regarding how best to approach children with problematic severe asthma. An essential first step is proper attention to basic care.
Reference values for lung function: past, present and future
Authors: Stanojevic S. , Wade A. , Stocks J. 
Published: July 2010

Reliable interpretation of pulmonary function results relies on the availability of appropriate reference data to help distinguish between health and disease and to assess the severity and nature of any functional impairment.The overwhelming number of published reference equations, with at least 15 published for spirometry alone in the past 3 yrs, complicates the selection of an appropriate reference. The use of inappropriate reference equations and misinterpretation, even when potentially appropriate equations are used, can lead to serious errors in both under and over diagnosis, with its associated burden in terms of financial and human costs.Further misdiagnosis occurs when fixed cut-offs, such as 80% predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or 0.70 FEV1/forced vital capacity, are used; particularly in young children and elderly adults. While per cent predicted has historically been used to interpret lung function results, z-scores are more appropriate as they take into account the predicted value, as well as the between-subject variability of measurements.We aim to highlight some of the main issues in selecting and using reference equations and discuss how recent developments may improve interpretation of pulmonary function results.
Age modifies the genotype-phenotype relationship for the bitter receptor TAS2R38
Authors: Mennella Julie A , Pepino M Yanina , Duke Fujiko F , Reed Danielle R 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TAS2R38 haplotypes and age on human bitter taste perception.

Results
Children (3 to 10 yrs), adolescents (11 to 19 yrs) and adults (mostly mothers, 20 to 55 yrs (N = 980) were measured for bitter taste thresholds for 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and genotyped for three polymorphisms of the AS2R38 gene (A49P, V262A, I296V). Subjects were grouped by haplotype and age, as well as sex and race/ethnicity, and compared for PROP thresholds. Subjects with the same haplotype were similar in bitter threshold regardless of race/ethnicity (all ages) or sex (children and adolescents; all p-values > 0.05) but age was a modifier of the genotype-phenotype relationship. Specifically, AVI/PAV heterozygous children could perceive a bitter taste at lower PROP concentrations than could heterozygous adults, with the thresholds of heterozygous adolescents being intermediate (p < 0.001). Similar age effects were not observed for subjects with the PAV/PAV or AVI/AVI homozygous haplotypes (p > 0.05) perhaps because there is less variation in taste perception among these homozygotes.

Conclusions
These data imply that the change in PROP bitter sensitivity which occurs over the lifespan (from bitter sensitive to less so) is more common in people with a particular haplotype combination, i.e., AVI/PAV heterozygotes.
Spontaneous dural tear leading to intracranial hypotension and tonsillar herniation in Marfan syndrome: a case report
Authors: Pabaney Aqueel H , Mirza Farhan A , Syed Nadir A , Ahsan Humera 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
We describe the case of a 38 year old male with Marfan syndrome who presented with orthostatic headaches and seizures.

Case Presentation
The patient was diagnosed with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension secondary to CSF leaks, objectively demonstrated by MR Myelogram with intrathecal contrast. Epidural autologus blood patch was administered at the leakage site leading to significant improvement.

Conclusion
Our literature search shows that this is the second reported case of a Marfan patient presenting with symptomatic spontaneous CSF leaks along with tonsillar herniation.
A study of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviors among female sex workers in Shanghai China
Authors: Cai Yong , Shi Rong , Shen Tian , Pei Bei , Jiang Xueqin , Ye Xiuxia , Xu Gang , Li Shenghui , Huang Hong , Shang Meili 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
China is currently facing a rapid and widespread increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The activities of female sex workers (FSWs) have contributed to the mounting epidemic of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors among FSWs operating in Shanghai China.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Shanghai, including three suburbs and two downtown locales. We adopted a cluster randomized sampling method to obtain ten geographic sites which consisted of one or more communities/villages proximal to a location where FSWs were accessible. A total of 324 FSWs from 109 Xitou Fang, massage parlors and hair salons who explicitly provided sexual services were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire survey and interview aimed to collect information on the individual's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors associated with risk for HIV/AIDs.

Results
The overall correct answer rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 60.8%, and the knowledge of FSWs from downtown areas was significantly higher than those from suburban areas (P < 0.05). The percentage of FSWs who reported having experiences in commercial sexual services without the use of condoms was 33.6%. Condom slippage or breakage was reported as having occurred at least once by 51.2% of the FSWs. FSWs from suburban areas were found to more often engage in high-risk behaviors, including oral and anal sex, than those from downtown areas (P < 0.001). Many of the FSWs (65.7%) reported having non-client sexual partners (most were identified as boyfriends or husbands); however, condom usage with these partners were lower (34.3%).

Conclusions
Based on the findings from our survey, we advise that promotion of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge be targeted towards FSWs in Shanghai, especially those operating in the suburbs. HIV prevention efforts, such as urging constant condom usage with both clients and steady partners, should be sustained and reinforced among the female sex workers population.
Gender-related factors influencing tuberculosis control in shantytowns: a qualitative study
Authors: Onifade Dami A , Bayer Angela M , Montoya Rosario , Haro Marie , Alva Jessica , Franco Jessica , Sosa Rosario , Valiente Betty , Valera Enit , Ford Carolyn M , Acosta Colleen D , Evans Carlton A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that female gender is associated with reduced likelihood of tuberculosis diagnosis and successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize gender-related barriers to tuberculosis control in Peruvian shantytowns.MethodsWe investigated attitudes and experiences relating gender to tuberculosis using the grounded theory approach to describe beliefs amongst key tuberculosis control stakeholders. These issues were explored in 22 semi-structured interviews and in four focus group discussions with 26 tuberculosis patients and 17 healthcare workers.ResultsWe found that the tuberculosis program was perceived not to be gender discriminatory and provided equal tuberculosis diagnostic and treatment care to men and women. This contrasted with stereotypical gender roles in the broader community context and a commonly expressed belief amongst patients and healthcare workers that female health inherently has a lower priority than male health. This belief was principally associated with men's predominant role in the household economy and limited employment for women in this setting. Women were also generally reported to experience the adverse psychosocial and economic consequences of tuberculosis diagnosis more than men.ConclusionsThere was a common perception that women's tuberculosis care was of secondary importance to that of men. This reflected societal gender values and occurred despite apparent gender equality in care provision. The greatest opportunities for improving women's access to tuberculosis care appear to be in improving social, political and economic structures, more than tuberculosis program modification.
Psychological risk factors of micro- and macrovascular outcomes in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the DiaDDZoB Study
Authors: Nefs Giesje , Pouwer François , Denollet Johan , Pop Victor JM 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Depression is a common psychiatric complication of diabetes, but little is known about the natural course and the consequences of depressive symptoms in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. While depression has been related to poor glycemic control and increased risk for macrovascular disease, its association with microvascular complications remains understudied. The predictive role of other psychological risk factors such as Type D (distressed) personality and the mechanisms that possibly link depression and Type D personality with poor vascular outcomes are also still unclear.

Methods/Design
This prospective cohort study will examine: (1) the course of depressive symptoms in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes; (2) whether depressive symptoms and Type D personality are associated with the development of microvascular and/or macrovascular complications and with the risk of all-cause or vascular mortality; and (3) the behavioral and physiological mechanisms that may mediate these associations. The DiaDDZoB Study is embedded within the larger DIAZOB Primary Care Diabetes study, which covers a comprehensive cohort of type 2 diabetes patients treated by over 200 primary care physicians in South-East Brabant, The Netherlands. These patients will be followed during their lifetime and are assessed annually for demographic, clinical, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Measurements include an interviewer-administered and self-report questionnaire, regular care laboratory tests and physical examinations, and pharmacy medication records. The DiaDDZoB Study uses data that have been collected during the original baseline assessment in 2005 (M0; N = 2,460) and the 2007 (M1; N = 2,225) and 2008 (M2; N = 2,032) follow-up assessments.

Discussion
The DiaDDZoB Study is expected to contribute to the current understanding of the course of depression in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes and will also test whether depressed patients or those with Type D personality are at increased risk for (further) development of micro- and cardiovascular disease. More knowledge about the mechanisms behind this association is needed to guide new intervention studies.
Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction and in silico analysis of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for strain improvement
Authors: Chung Bevan KS , Selvarasu Suresh , Camattari Andrea , Ryu Jimyoung , Lee Hyeokweon , Ahn Jungoh , Lee Hongweon , Lee Dong-Yup 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundPichia pastorishas been recognized as an effective host for recombinant protein production. A number of studies have been reported for improving this expression system. However, its physiology and cellular metabolism still remained largely uncharacterized. Thus, it is highly desirable to establish a systems biotechnological framework, in which a comprehensivein silicomodel ofP. pastoriscan be employed together with high throughput experimental data analysis, for better understanding of the methylotrophic yeast's metabolism.ResultsA fully compartmentalized metabolic model ofP. pastoris(iPP668), composed of 1,361 reactions and 1,177 metabolites, was reconstructed based on its genome annotation and biochemical information. The constraints-based flux analysis was then used to predict achievable growth rate which is consistent with the cellular phenotype ofP. pastorisobserved during chemostat experiments. Subsequentin silicoanalysis further explored the effect of various carbon sources on cell growth, revealing sorbitol as a promising candidate for culturing recombinantP. pastorisstrains producing heterologous proteins. Interestingly, methanol consumption yields a high regeneration rate of reducing equivalents which is substantial for the synthesis of valuable pharmaceutical precursors. Hence, as a case study, we examined the applicability ofP. pastorissystem to whole-cell biotransformation and also identified relevant metabolic engineering targets that have been experimentally verified.ConclusionThe genome-scale metabolic model characterizes the cellular physiology ofP. pastoris, thus allowing us to gain valuable insights into the metabolism of methylotrophic yeast and devise possible strategies for strain improvement throughin silicosimulations. This computational approach, combined with synthetic biology techniques, potentially forms a basis for rational analysis and design ofP. pastorismetabolic network to enhance humanized glycoprotein production.
Identification and characterization of retinoblastoma gene mutations disturbing apoptosis in human breast cancers
Authors: Berge Elisabet Ognedal , Knappskog Stian , Geisler Stephanie , Staalesen Vidar , Pacal Marec , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Puntervoll Pål , Lillehaug Johan Richard , Lønning Per Eystein 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The tumor suppressor pRb plays a key role regulating cell cycle arrest, and disturbances in the RB1 gene have been reported in different cancer forms. However, the literature reports contradictory findings with respect to a pro - versus anti - apoptotic role of pRb, and the consequence of alterations in RB1 to chemotherapy sensitivity remains unclear. This study is part of a project investigating alterations in pivotal genes as predictive factors to chemotherapy sensitivity in breast cancer.

Results
Analyzing 73 locally advanced (stage III) breast cancers, we identified two somatic and one germline single nucleotide changes, each leading to amino acid substitution in the pRb protein (Leu607Ile, Arg698Trp, and Arg621Cys, respectively). This is the first study reporting point mutations affecting RB1 in breast cancer tissue. In addition, MLPA analysis revealed two large multiexon deletions (exons 13 to 27 and exons 21 to 23) with the exons 21-23 deletion occurring in the tumor also harboring the Leu607Ile mutation. Interestingly, Leu607Ile and Arg621Cys point mutations both localize to the spacer region of the pRb protein, a region previously shown to harbor somatic and germline mutations. Multiple sequence alignment across species indicates the spacer to be evolutionary conserved. All three RB1 point mutations encoded nuclear proteins with impaired ability to induce apoptosis compared to wild-type pRb in vitro. Notably, three out of four tumors harboring RB1 mutations displayed primary resistance to treatment with either 5-FU/mitomycin or doxorubicin while only 14 out of 64 tumors without mutations were resistant (p = 0.046).

Conclusions
Although rare, our findings suggest RB1 mutations to be of pathological importance potentially affecting sensitivity to mitomycin/anthracycline treatment in breast cancer.