bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release
Authors: Miller Ted R. , Weinstock Lauren M. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Carlson Nancy N. , Sperber Kimberly , Cook Benjamin Lê , Taxman Faye S. , Arias Sarah A. , Kubiak Sheryl , Dearing James W. , Waehrer Geetha M. , Barrett James G. , Hulsey Jessica , Johnson Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAlthough people released from jail have an elevated suicide risk, the potentially large proportion of this population in all adult suicides is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate what percentage of adults who died by suicide within 1 year or 2 years after jail release could be reached if the jail release triggered community suicide risk screening and prevention efforts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort modeling study used estimates from meta-analyses and jail census counts instead of unit record data. The cohort included all adults who were released from US jails in 2019. Data analysis and calculations were performed between June 2021 and February 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes were percentage of total adult suicides within years 1 and 2 after jail release and associated crude mortality rates (CMRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and relative risks (RRs) of suicide in incarcerated vs not recently incarcerated adults. Taylor expansion formulas were used to calculate the variances of CMRs, SMRs, and other ratios. Random-effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were used to estimate suicide SMRs in postrelease years 1 and 2 from 10 jurisdictions. Alternate estimate was computed using the ratio of suicides after release to suicides while incarcerated.ResultsIncluded in the analysis were 2019 estimates for 7 091 897 adults (2.8% of US adult population; 76.7% males and 23.3% females) who were released from incarceration at least once, typically after brief pretrial stays. The RR of suicide was 8.95 (95% CI, 7.21-10.69) within 1 year after jail release and 6.98 (95% CI, 4.21-9.76) across 2 years after release. A total of 27.2% (95% CI, 18.0%-41.7%) of all adult suicide deaths occurred in formerly incarcerated individuals within 2 years of jail release, and 19.9% (95% CI, 16.2%-24.1%) of all adult suicides occurred within 1 year of release (males: 23.3% [95% CI, 20.8%-25.6%]; females: 24.0% [95% CI, 19.7%-36.8%]). The alternate method yielded slightly larger estimates. Another 0.8% of adult suicide deaths occurred during jail stays.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort modeling study found that adults who were released from incarceration at least once make up a large, concentrated population at greatly elevated risk for death by suicide; therefore, suicide prevention efforts focused on return to the community after jail release could reach many adults within 1 to 2 years of jail release, when suicide is likely to occur. Health systems could develop infrastructure to identify these high-risk adults and provide community-based suicide screening and prevention.
Macroscale Superlubricity with High Pressure Enabled by Partially Oxidized Violet Phosphorus for Engineering Steel
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Hao , Gao Kai , Li Yunze , Jiao Jianguo , Xie Guoxin , Luo Jianbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a novel cross‐structured 2D material, violet phosphorus (VP) promises to further develop the dynamic performance, energy efficiency, and service lifetime of mechanical components owing to its high strength and toughness, large carrier mobility, wide bandgap, and good friction‐reducing properties. In this work, the partially oxidized violet phosphorus nanosheets (oVP) are synthesized and employed as the lubricating additives in the poly alpha olefin (PAO) oil environment with less oleic acid (OA) improver, which can trigger the macroscale superlubricity on the diamond‐like carbon (DLC) film deposited steel surface at high loading pressures (>800 MPa) and sliding speeds (>0.1 m s−1). The friction coefficient (COF) of the steel‐DLC tribopair lubricated by the oVP‐PAO oil can reduce down to 0.0064 with little wear. At the high‐pressure sliding interface, the force‐thermal coupling action during the running‐in process promotes the cleavage and recombination of oVP nanosheets and OA molecules to form a reliable chemical adsorption tribofilm mainly composed of phosphorus oxides and amorphous carbon, which prevents the original asperities from direct contact and provides an ultralow shear strength. These findings suggest a new method to achieve macroscale oil‐based high‐pressure superlubricity for engineering steel through the lubrication and catalyzation effects of oVP.
Structure Optimization and Passivation Strategy Toward Efficient Integrated Perovskite/Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: He Li , Zhang Haotian , Zhang Dezhao , Gao Chao , Su Hongzhen , Du Daxue , Ding Dong , Liu Hong , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBroadening near‐infrared (NIR) spectral response by virtue of organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is intensively explored to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the complex photovoltaic morphology and undesirable conductivity in BHJ structure can lead to the severe loss of photovoltaic performance, which are still urgent challenges for the commercialization of integrated PSCs (IPSCs). Recently, the gradual development of pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure with excellent vertical phase separation and improved charge transfer can hopefully provide more opportunities for IPSCs. Herein, an optimization strategy is reported employing PPHJ structure with hydrophobic long alkyl chains as the NIR light‐absorbing layer in the devices, with which the light response of the IPSCs is extended to 920 nm. Owing to the lone electron pairs in the sulfur atoms, D18‐Cl has functioned as an effective additive that can effectively modulate the growth of the perovskite and passivate the defects. As a result, the optimized device has achieved an impressive PCE of 23.25%, while the short‐circuit current is enhanced from 22.93 to 25.14 mA cm−2. The long‐term and humidity stability of integrated perovskite/PPHJ solar cells are significantly elevated compared with IPSCs based on BHJ.
Implantable Wet‐Adhesive Flexible Electronics with Ultrathin Gelatin Film
Authors: Yuan Ximin , Kong Weicheng , Xia Pengcheng , Wang Zhenjia , Gao Qing , Xu Jie , Shan Debin , Yao Qingqiang , Ma Zhiyong , Guo Bin , He Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImplantable flexible electronic has attracted significant research interest in various fields. However, it still faces the challenge of simultaneously achieving tight adhesion to tissues in a mildly wet environment and possessing excellent biocompatibility to reduce immune rejection reactions after implantation. Here, a degradable wet‐adhesive flexible electronic device based on liquid metal and ultrathin gelatin film is developed. The ultrathin gelatin film forms numerous hydrogen bonds with tissue in a slightly humid environment, rapidly constructing a wet‐adhesive interface without damaging tissue structure. Inkjet printing is utilized to pattern the mixture of liquid metal and PVP on the surface of the ultrathin gelatin to create flexible patch. With the excellent conductivity of liquid metal, low toxicity, and similarity to natural tissue components of gelatin, flexible patch exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and fatigue resistance. It can be implanted in the body for up to 6 weeks, retaining monitoring capabilities and resisting 1 000 000 cycles of bending fatigue. This study provides a novel strategy for the future development of implantable flexible electronics.
Self‐Delivered Transformable Nanosystem Capable of Enhancing Photodynamic Effectiveness and Multi‐Target Ameliorating Immunosuppression for Treatment of Breast Cancer and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Lin Ruyi , Yan Jia , Gong Bokai , Tong Fan , Song Yujun , Xia Xue , Hu Haili , Wang Yufan , Zhou Yang , Gong Tao , Shevtsov Maxim , Gao Huile 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHomogeneous distribution and adequate accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor are essential for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) often poses great challenges to the deep penetration and retention of therapeutic agents in tumor. Moreover, the important effect of PDT to induce specific antitumor immune response is impeded by multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms within TME. Confronting these issues, here a rationally designed nanosystem (SUN‐NPA) with acid‐responsive sphere‐to‐fiber transformation ability by leveraging the characters of drug molecules is proposed to achieve self‐delivery of photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and two small‐molecule immunomodulators, metformin (MET) and sunitinib (SUN). The spatiotemporal controlled transformation enables homogeneous distribution and high accumulation of drugs to achieve enduring PDT and complete tumor elimination. Meanwhile, the co‐delivered MET and SUN alleviate tumor immunosuppression from multiple aspects, effectively synergizing with PDT to ignite potent host immune response and long‐lasting immunological memory against tumor cells. The artful integration of enhanced PDT and activated antitumor immunity realized by SUN‐NPA leads to the significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, exhibiting great potential for oncotherapy.
Notch‐Targeted Therapeutic in Colorectal Cancer by Notch1 Attenuation Via Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Cascade DNA Delivery
Authors: Lu Yan , Cao Yufei , Guo Xiaowen , Gao Yijie , Chen Xue , Zhang Zixi , Ge Zhishen , Chu Dake 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Notch signaling is a key molecular pathway that regulates cell fate and development. Aberrant Notch signaling can lead to carcinogenesis and progression of malignant tumors. However, current therapies targeting Notch pathway lack specificity and induce high toxicity. In this report, a tumor microenvironment‐responsive and injectable hydrogel is designed to load plasmid DNA complexes as a cascade gene delivery system to achieve precise Notch‐targeted gene therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). The hydrogels are prepared through cross‐linking between phenylboric acid groups containing poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) (POEGMA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), used to load the complexes between plasmid DNA encoding short hairpin RNAs of Notch1 (shNotch1) and fluorinated polyamidoamine (PAMAM‐F) (PAMAM‐F/shNotch1). In response to low pH and H2O2 in tumor microenvironment, the hydrogel can be dissociated and release the complexes for precise delivery of shNotch1 into tumor cells and inhibit Notch1 activity to suppress malignant biological behaviors of CRC. In the subcutaneous tumor model of CRC, PAMAM‐F/shNotch1‐loaded hydrogels can accurately attenuate Notch1 activity and significantly inhibit tumor growth without affecting Notch signal in adjacent normal tissues. Therefore, this therapeutic system can precisely inhibit Notch1 signal in CRC with high responsiveness and low toxicity, providing a promising Notch‐targeted gene therapeutic for human malignancy.
A Suspended, 3D Morphing Sensory System for Robots to Feel and Protect
Authors: Zhou Wei , Yu Yi , Xiao Peng , Deng Feng , Zhang Yi , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial sensory systems with synergistic touch and pain perception hold substantial promise for environment interaction and human–robot communication. However, the realization of biological skin‐like functional integration of sensors with sensitive touch and pain perception still remains a challenge. Here, a concept is proposed of suspended electronic skins enabling 3D deformation‐mechanical contact interactions for achieving synergetic ultrasensitive touch and adjustable pain perception. The suspended sensory system can sensitively capture tiny touch stimuli as low as 0.02 Pa and actively perceive pain response with reliable 5200 cycles via 3D deformation and mechanical contact mechanism, respectively. Based on the touch‐pain effect, a visualized feedback demo with miniaturized sensor arrays on artificial fingers is rationally designed to give a pain perception mapping on sharp surfaces. Furthermore, the capability is shown of the suspended electronic skin serving as a safe human–robot communication interface from active and passive view through a feedback control system, demonstrating potential in bionic electronics and intelligent robotics.
In Situ Functionalisation and Upcycling of Post‐Consumer Textile Blends into 3D Printable Nanocomposite Filaments
Authors: Apostolopoulou‐Kalkavoura Varvara , Fijoł Natalia , Lombardo Salvatore , Ruiz‐Caldas Maria‐Ximena , Mathew Aji P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe linear lifecycle of the textile industry contributes to the enormous waste generation of post‐consumer garments. Recycling or repurposing of post‐consumer garments typically requires separation of the individual components. This study describes a novel and facile chemo‐thermo‐mechanical method for producing extrudable pellets, involving one‐pot, 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated oxidation of post‐consumer polycotton textiles, followed by mild mechanical treatment, all without isolating the constituents of the polycotton blend. The oxidized blend with high cellulose and carboxylate content of 1221 ± 82 mmol COO− per kg of cotton, is pelletised into a masterbatch and further in situ extruded into nanocomposite filaments for 3D printing. The carboxyl groups introduced on the polycotton‐based filters enable cotton fibrillation into nanoscaled fibers during mechanical treatment and extrusion resulting to a variety of functional and high surface‐finish quality models, including filters and fashion accessories. The electrostatic interactions with positively charged species, such as methylene blue (MB), facilitate their adsorption from water while exhibiting promising adsorption capacities. The adsorption of MB follows the Freundlich model and depends on the printed porosity of the filter. A “trash to treasure” concept for textile waste is further corroborated through the use of the developed 3D printing filament into commodity products.
Assessing the Performance of a Thermoresponsive Liquid‐Based Smart Windows for Building Thermal Regulation through Outdoor Experimentation and Computational Modeling
Authors: Parisi Gregory , Wang Xuanjie , Hwang Youngjin , Narayan Shankar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmart windows have the potential to respond dynamically and passively to external stimuli, controlling the amount of light passing through the window. When a smart window switches from a clear to a translucent state, energy flow through the window is partially attenuated, allowing a room to cool down passively, thereby reducing the energy and fossil fuel consumption for air conditioning. The smart window demonstrated here consists of a thermoresponsive liquid consisting of Tergitol 15‐S‐7, which can dynamically and passively switch the window's transmittance when a temperature of 39 °C is reached. It is also demonstrated how the transition temperature can be lowered by adding salts. Outdoor experiments in realistic environments show that the temperature of a model house built with a thermo‐responsive window can achieve an indoor temperature of 7 °C less than a control house with an ordinary window. This study quantifies the energy savings possible using such windows at the building scale for cooling and heating in different climates and times of the year.
Tunable Electronic Properties and Contact Performance of Type‐II HfS2${\rm HfS}_2$/MoS2${\rm MoS}_2$ Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Nguyen Son‐Tung , Hieu Nguyen V. , Le‐Quoc Huy , Nguyen‐Ba Kien , Nguyen Chuong V. , Nguyen Cuong Q. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, the assembly of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) has proved to be an effective strategy to alter the properties and enhance the functionality of multifunctional devices based on 2D materials. Herein, first‐principles calculations are employed to construct the / vdWH, exploring its electronic properties, contact characteristics, and the impact of electric gating. The / vdWH is predicted to be structurally, thermally, and mechanically stable. The / vdWH leads to a reduction in the bandgap compared to the constituent components, potentially enhancing optical absorption. Furthermore, the / heterostructure forms the type‐II band alignment, localizing electrons and holes predominantly in the and layers, respectively. Such type‐II / heterostructure makes it promising candidate for the optoelectronic devices, benefiting from the spatial separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Notably, the electronic properties and contact characteristics of the / vdWH are controllable under electric gating. The negative electric gating facilitates to a transformation from type‐II to type‐I band alignment, while the positive electric field induces a shift from semiconductor to metal in the / vdWH. This findings can provide valuable insights into the fundamental aspects that contribute to the exceptional performance observed in / vdWH toward high‐performance multifunctional devices.
An Alternate Search Method and An Extended Trace Line Method for Wheel‐Rail Contact Patch Centers Detection
Authors: Yongxu Hu , Liu He , Cai Yi , Yan Luo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWheel‐rail contact is a link between the vehicle system and the rail system, and the contact processing approach affects accuracy of vehicle dynamic simulation. Contact detection is usually the start of wheel‐rail contact calculation, and detecting precision of contact patch center affect accuracy of contact force calculating results, therefore it is significant to improve detecting precision of contact patch center. An alternate search method (ASM) and an extended trace line method are proposed to improve precision and efficiency of contact patch centers detection. The proposed alternate search method applies Golden Ratio Search Method and variable intervals between grids to detect contact patch centers. To make the detected contact patch centers match rail tangential directions better, an extended trace line method is constructed based on geometrical constraints between contact points and rail tangential directions. Dynamic simulations of a bogie vehicle formed by two wheelsets and a bogie frame negotiating a rail curve are conducted to evaluate effects of the proposed methods. Calculating times of the proposed methods for finishing the simulations are compared to explain computational efficiencies of the different methods. The proposed approaches are real‐time capable and can be used for vehicle dynamics simulations.
A Biomimetic Multifunctional Scaffold for Infectious Vertical Bone Augmentation
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Li Zixin , Guo Houzuo , Wang Qibo , Guo Bowen , Jiang Xi , Liu Yishu , Cui Shengjie , Wu Zhengda , Yu Min , Zhu Lisha , Chen Liyuan , Du Ning , Luo Dan , Lin Ye , Di Ping , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe regenerative treatment of infectious vertical bone defects remains difficult and challenging today. Current clinical treatments are limited in their ability to control bacteria and infection, which is unfavorable for new bone formation and calls for a new type of material with excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Here a multifunctional scaffold is synthesized that mimics natural bone nanostructures by incorporating silver nanowires into a hierarchical, intrafibrillar mineralized collagen matrix (IMC/AgNWs), to achieve the therapeutic goals of inhibiting bacterial activity and promoting infectious alveolar bone augmentation in rats and beagle dogs. An appropriate concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 AgNWs is selected to balance biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The achieved IMC/AgNWs exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties against Gram‐negative Porphyromonas gingivalis and Gram‐positive Streptococcus mutans. When the IMC/AgNWs are cocultured with periodontal ligament stem cells, it possesses excellent osteoinductive activities under both non‐inflammatory and inflammatory conditions. By constructing a rat mandibular infected periodontal defect model, the IMC/AgNWs achieve a near‐complete healing through the canonical BMP/Smad signaling. Moreover, the IMC/AgNWs enhance vertical bone height and osseointegration in peri‐implantitis in beagle dogs, indicating the clinical translational potential of IMC/AgNWs for infectious vertical bone augmentation.
Spontaneous Liquefaction of Solid Metal–Liquid Metal Interfaces in Colloidal Binary Alloys
Authors: Parker Caiden J. , Zuraiqi Karma , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Mayes Edwin LH , Vaillant Pierre H. A. , Fatima Syeda Saba , Matuszek Karolina , Tang Jianbo , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Meftahi Nastaran , McConville Chris F. , Elbourne Aaron , Russo Salvy P. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Chiang Ken , Daeneke Torben 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrystallization of alloys from a molten state is a fundamental process underpinning metallurgy. Here the direct imaging of an intermetallic precipitation reaction at equilibrium in a liquid‐metal environment is demonstrated. It is shown that the outer layers of a solidified intermetallic are surprisingly unstable to the depths of several nanometers, fluctuating between a crystalline and a liquid state. This effect, referred to herein as crystal interface liquefaction, is observed at remarkably low temperatures and results in highly unstable crystal interfaces at temperatures exceeding 200 K below the bulk melting point of the solid. In general, any liquefaction process would occur at or close to the formal melting point of a solid, thus differentiating the observed liquefaction phenomenon from other processes such as surface pre‐melting or conventional bulk melting. Crystal interface liquefaction is observed in a variety of binary alloy systems and as such, the findings may impact the understanding of crystallization and solidification processes in metallic systems and alloys more generally.
Recent Advances in High‐Rate Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Kim Hyeon Tae , Philip Ligy , McDonagh Andrew , Johir Md , Ren Jiawei , Shon Ho Kyong , Tijing Leonard D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent advances in solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) have led to high evaporation rates that open promising avenues for practical utilization in freshwater production and industrial application for pollutant and nutrient concentration, and resource recovery. Breakthroughs in overcoming the theoretical limitation of 2D interfacial evaporation have allowed for developing systems with high evaporation rates. This study presents a comprehensive review of various evaporator designs that have achieved pure evaporation rates beyond 4 kg m−2 h−1, including structural and material designs allowing for rapid evaporation, passive 3D designs, and systems coupled with alternative energy sources of wind and joule heating. The operational mechanisms for each design are outlined together with discussion on the current benefits and areas for improvement. The overarching challenges encountered by SDIE concerning the feasibility of direct integration into contemporary practical settings are assessed, and issues relating to sustaining elevated evaporation rates under diverse environmental conditions are addressed.