bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the inner ear: Are computed tomography changes pathognomonic?
Authors: Curry Joseph M. , King Nancy , O'Reilly Robert C. , Corao Diana 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis case study presents a report of inflammatory pseudotumor of the inner ear in a child, discusses radiographic findings and clinical management, and reviews the current literature on this rare disease. A 2.5‐year‐old presented with otalgia, transient vertigo, and fluctuating facial palsy partially responsive to myringotomy with tube. Work‐up for infectious and neoplastic processes was negative. Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone showed a very unusual, expansile, erosive appearance to the otic capsule, and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone revealed soft tissue enhancement of the middle ear, mastoid, and inner ear. The patient's symptoms were transiently responsive to tympanomastoidectomy. Inner ear histopathology after labyrinthectomy revealed changes consistent with pseudotumor. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the inner ear is extremely rare but needs to be considered in cases of refractory otitis media with facial palsy, particularly when certain changes appear on CT of the temporal bone. Laryngoscope, 2010
The effect of electrical and mechanical stimulation on the regenerating rodent facial nerve
Authors: Hadlock Tessa , Lindsay Robin , Edwards Colin , Smitson Christopher , Weinberg Julie , Knox Christopher , Heaton James T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Investigators have long sought realistic methods to accelerate regeneration following nerve injury. Herein, we investigated the degree to which manual target muscle manipulation and brief electrical stimulation of the facial nerve, alone or in combination, affects recovery following rat facial nerve injury.Study Design:Prospective, randomized animal study.Methods:Sixty rats were randomized to three groups: brief electrical stimulation (BES), mechanical stimulation of the whisker pad (MEC), or both (COMBO). Animals underwent facial nerve transection and immediate microsurgical repair. In BES and COMBO groups, transection was preceded by 1‐hour (3 V, 20 Hz square wave) electrical stimulation. Animals were tested weekly, with 5‐minute recording sessions of whisker movement. In the MEC and COMBO groups, animals received 5 minutes of daily massage to the left whisker pad throughout the recovery period. Whisking behavior was analyzed for comparisons.Results:The BES and MEC groups demonstrated improved functional recovery in all whisking parameters compared with the COMBO group or historical controls at most time points between postoperative weeks 1 and 7. After 12 weeks, functional recovery remained superior in the BES and MEC groups compared with the COMBO and control groups, although the effect was no longer statistically significant.Conclusions:We observed an accelerative recovery effect of either electrical nerve stimulation or massage of the whisker pad on whisking behavior. The combination of both interventions had a negating effect on the acceleration of recovery. The potential clinical utility of these modalities bears consideration, and their negating interaction warrants further study. Laryngoscope, 2010
CO2 laser fiber soft cochleostomy: Development of a technique using human temporal bones and a guinea pig model
Authors: Fishman Andrew J. , Moreno Laura E. , Rivera Arnold , Richter Claus‐Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveA novel approach for creating a soft cochleostomy has been described using a handheld CO2 laser hollow waveguide from termed in the following the handheld CO2 laser fiber. The effects on cochlear function have been studied in an animal model and were compared to the effects of the micro drill.Study DesignCombined human temporal bone and experimental animal study.Materials and MethodsFour human temporal bones were used to describe the technique to create a cochleostomy using the handheld CO2 laser fiber. A cochleostomy was made by thinning the cochlear wall with a motorized drill and by creating an opening with the CO2 laser fiber. Eighteen guinea pigs were used to investigate the effects of the CO2 laser and the drill on cochlear function. An electrode was placed in the round window niche to measure compound action potentials (CAPs). Baseline cochlear function was determined by recording CAP thresholds evoked by acoustic tone pips and was re‐assessed during and after a cochleostomy was made. The protocol was repeated using a diamond‐burr drill technique.ResultsThe handheld CO2 laser fiber is an ideal tool to create cochleostomies under 1 mm in diameter. In the guinea pig animal model, CAP thresholds showed little change after creating the cochleostomy at 4 W laser power setting and revealed focal threshold elevations averaging 32 dB at higher laser power settings.ConclusionsThe human temporal bone study introduces a novel surgical approach for soft cochleostomies that uses both the drill and the CO2 laser fiber. Threshold elevations, which were observed after making the cochleostomy with the laser, compared favorably to the diamond burr technique. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:245–256, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of clinical outcome parameters, the Patient Benefit Index (PBI‐k) and patient satisfaction after ablative fractional laser treatment of peri‐orbital rhytides
Authors: Karsai Syrus , Raulin Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundLaser treatment of facial rhytides has evolved as a major modality of aesthetic surgery. Published results, while generally encouraging, feature highly diverse evaluation methods, which makes an evidence‐based assessment of treatment efficacy and safety all but impossible.ObjectiveTo compare the results of different instruments of measurement.Patients/MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were enrolled and completed the entire study. They received a single ablative fractional treatment of the peri‐orbital region. The evaluation included the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score, the profilometric measurement of wrinkle depth and the Patient Benefit Index (both before and 3 months after treatment) as well as the assessment of patient satisfaction (1, 3, 6 days and 3 months after treatment).ResultsAll assessment instruments showed a significant, albeit moderate, improvement. The agreement between assessment methods was poor. Despite claiming to assess basically the same parameter, the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score and profilometry differed significantly, and neither assessment instrument showed any appreciable correlation with any other.ConclusionsThe outcome assessment of rhytide therapy—regardless of the method used—shows substantial room for improvement. Strict methodological precautions ought to be applied for ‘objective’ evaluation methods like photographic scoring and profilometry. Subjective methods of assessment are essential and might serve as a main outcome parameter. Finally, critical reappraisal of published treatment results seems warranted to review the quality of their methodology. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:215–223, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanospheres Synthesized Using a Micelle Soft Template Associated with Cuprous Oxide
Authors: Zhu Ying , Wang Guang , Li Jiuming , Wan Meixiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPEDOT nanospheres with an average diameter of about 100 nm were chemically synthesized using APS as the oxidant in the presence of SDBS and Cu2O, respectively. It was found that Cu2O is crucial to forming uniform PEDOT nanospheres because only granular PEDOT was obtained in the absence of Cu2O. It is proposed that the PEDOT nanospheres are self‐assembled by a cooperation effect of SDBS as the micelle soft‐template and Cu2O as the stabilizer of the spherical micelles. Additionally, the PEDOT nanospheres are soluble in some organic solvents, such as THF, DMF and DMSO, which is of benefit for fabrication of electronic and photonic devices.magnified image
Acyclic Triene Metathesis Oligo‐ and Polymerization of High Oleic Sun Flower Oil
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Metzger Jürgen O. , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHigh oleic sunflower oil, a renewable raw material consisting of triglycerides with internal CC‐double bonds, was polymerized via acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) to highly branched and functionalized polyesters. If the Hoveyda–Grubbs second generation catalyst was used and methyl acrylate was introduced as a chain stopper, the molecular weight of the obtained polymers could be tuned by varying the ratio of the triglyceride and methyl acrylate. Using the first generation Grubbs catalyst for the polymerization of high oleic sunflower oil, no cross‐linking was observed, even without the use of a chain stopper. The resulting branched materials were characterized by GPC, 1H and 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS.magnified image
Star Block Copolymers Through Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization From Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Core
Authors: Lu Chu‐Hua , Wang Jui‐Hsu , Chang Feng‐Chih , Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of star block copolymers were prepared through nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) from polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticle by core‐first polymerization. Eight N‐alkoxyamine groups were incorporated onto the eight corners of a POSS cube through quantitative hydrosilylation through addition of octakis(dimethylsiloxy)silsesquioxane (Q8M POSS) with 1‐(2‐(allyloxy)‐1‐phenylethoxy)‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (allyl‐TEMPO) and Karstedt's agent (a platinum divinylsiloxane complex) was used as a catalyst. Octa‐N‐alkoxyamines POSS (OT‐POSS) were used as platform to synthesize star polystyrene‐POSS ((PS)8‐POSS) homopolymer and diblock copolymers of poly(styrene‐block‐4‐vinylpyridine)‐POSS ((PS‐b‐P4VP)8‐POSS) and poly(styrene‐block‐acetoxystyrene) ((PS‐b‐PAS)8‐POSS) through NMRP. In addition, subsequent selective hydrolysis of the acetyl protective group of (PS‐b‐PAS)8‐POSS, the poly(styrene‐block‐vinyl phenol) ((PS‐b‐PVPh)8‐POSS) with strong hydrogen bonding group was obtained. The detailed chemical structure and self‐assembled structures of these star block copolymers based on POSS were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, SEC, TEM, and SAXS analyses.magnified image
The classifying space of a categorical crossed module
Authors: Carrasco Pilar , Cegarra Antonio M. , Garzón Antonio R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAny pointed CW‐complex X has associated a categorical crossed module WX whose homotopy groups coincide with those of the space up to dimension 3. Here we associate WX more closely with the homotopy 3‐type of X. We introduce the nerve of a categorical crossed module L and define its classifying space BL as the geometrical realization of the nerve. Then we prove that there is a map X → BWX inducing isomorphism of the homotopy groups πi for i ≤ 3. Finally, comparison with other algebraic models of 3‐types is achieved (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elliptic operators with general Wentzell boundary conditions, analytic semigroups and the angle concavity theorem
Authors: Favini Angelo , Goldstein Gisèle Ruiz , Goldstein Jerome A. , Obrecht Enrico , Romanelli Silvia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe prove a very general form of the Angle Concavity Theorem, which says that if (T (t)) defines a one parameter semigroup acting over various Lp spaces (over a fixed measure space), which is analytic in a sector of opening angle θp, then the maximal choice for θp is a concave function of 1 – 1/p. This and related results are applied to give improved estimates on the optimal Lp angle of ellipticity for a parabolic equation of the form ∂u /∂t = Au, where A is a uniformly elliptic second order partial differential operator with Wentzell or dynamic boundary conditions. Similar results are obtained for the higher order equation ∂u /∂t = (–1)m +lAmu, for all positive integers m.
Core–Shell–Corona Micelle Stabilized by Reversible Cross‐Linkage for Intracellular Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Yu‐Cai , Li Yang , Sun Tian‐Meng , Xiong Meng‐Hua , Wu Juan , Yang Yi‐Yan , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractReversibly cross‐linked core–shell–corona micelles based on a triblock copolymer composed of poly(aliphatic ester), polyphosphoester, and poly(ethylene glycol) are reported. The triblock copolymer is synthesized through consecutive ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and 2,4‐dinitrophenylthioethyl ethylene phosphate, followed by conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol). After deprotection under mild conditions, the amphiphilic polymer forms core–shell–corona micelles with free thiols in the shell. Cross‐linking of the micelles within the shell reduces their critical micellization concentration and enhances their stability against severe conditions. The redox‐sensitive cross‐linkage allows the facilitated release of entrapped anticancer drugs in the cytoplasm in response to the intracellular reductive environment. With enhanced stability during circulation after administration, and accelerated intracellular drug release at the target site, the biocompatible and biodegradable shell‐cross‐linked polymeric micelle is promising as a drug vehicle for cancer chemotherapy.magnified image
Influence of Modified Terminal Segments on Dynamic Modulus and Viscosity of Dendrimer
Authors: Markelov Denis A. , Lähderanta Erkki , Gotlib Yuli Ya. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTheoretical studies of the influence of modified terminal segments (TSs) on the relaxation spectrum of a dendrimer and dendrimer mechanical properties such as dynamic viscosity, η(ω), the elastic, G′(ω), and loss, G″(ω), moduli have been carried out by the Rouse model. Two major types of modified TS have been studied: (i) TS with an attached rigid massive group (i.e., TSs with additional friction) and (ii) TSs with a length different from the length of an inner segment. In the low‐frequency region, G′(ω), G″(ω), and η(ω) increase with the rise of friction of TS. In the high‐frequency region, dynamic moduli and viscosity depend on the length of TS. In the intermediate region, the moduli and viscosity are determined by a combined parameter: the characteristic time of TS, τend, which depends on the friction and length of TS. For both types of TSs, the position of the G″(ω) maximum, ωmax, depends on τend. In most of the considered cases, the linear dependence of ωmax on τend has been found. The method, which takes into account a deceleration of TS mobility with the rise in the number of generations, n, has been proposed. It was supposed that the effect of the deceleration corresponds to the forming of a dense surface shell with the rise of n, but similar behavior can also be caused by other reasons. In this case, ωmax shifts to the low‐frequency region with an increase in the number of generations. The conclusions of the theory developed in this paper are in agreement with results of the experiment, in which G′(ω) and G″(ω) were obtained for polyamidoamine dendrimers.magnified image
Supercharged reverse pedicle anterolateral thigh flap in reconstruction of a massive defect: A case report
Authors: Komorowska‐Timek Ewa , Gurtner Geoffrey , Lee Gordon K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSecondary reconstruction of lower extremity defects using local tissues is demanding and fraught with potential complications. Reconstructive efforts may be challenged by pre‐existing scarring, paucity of recipient vessels, and patient co‐morbidities limiting tolerance for prolonged and extensive surgery. We present a case of an 81‐year‐old male with a recurrent malignant melanoma invading the proximal and middle third of the tibia, who previously underwent reconstruction with the medial gastrocnemius muscle and a skin graft. After wide local re‐excision and tibia fixation, a 12 cm × 28 cm reverse anterolateral thigh flap was used for soft tissue coverage. Because of the relatively large size of the flap based upon retrograde flow, we elected to supercharge the flap to augment its blood supply. Supercharging of the flap pedicle was accomplished by anastamosing the lateral circumflex femoral vessels to the anterior tibial vessels. The donor site wasclosed primarily. The flap survived entirely and successfully endured subsequent radiation therapy. Supercharging enhances reliability of the reverse anterolateral thigh flap, and thus, permits harvest of large tissue bulk for coverage of up to proximal two‐thirds of the tibia.This is the first report describing successful supercharging of a large reverse anterolateral thigh flap which resulted in entire flap survival. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:397–400, 2010.
Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on lentil allergenicity
Authors: Cabanillas Beatriz , Pedrosa Mercedes M. , Rodríguez Julia , González Ángela , Muzquiz Mercedes , Cuadrado Carmen , Crespo Jesús F. , Burbano Carmen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis and further processing are commonly used to produce hypoallergenic dietary products derived from different protein sources, such as cow's milk. Lentils and chickpeas seem to be an important cause of IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity in the Mediterranean area and India. Some studies have investigated the effects of enzymatic treatments on the in vitro immunological reactivity of members of the Leguminosae family, such as soybean, chickpea, lentil, and lupine. Nevertheless, there are only a few studies carried out to evaluate the effect on IgE reactivity of these food‐hydrolysis products with sera from patients with well‐documented allergy to these foods. In this study, lentil protein extract was hydrolyzed by sequential action of an endoprotease (Alcalase) and an exoprotease (Flavourzyme). Immunoreactivity to raw and hydrolyzed lentil extract was evaluated by means of IgE immunoblotting and ELISA using sera from five patients with clinical allergy to lentil. The results indicated that sequential hydrolysis of lentil results in an important proteolytic destruction of IgE‐binding epitopes shown by in vitro experiments. However, some allergenic proteins were still detected by sera from four out of five patients in the last step of sequential hydrolyzation.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 and CD147 are up‐regulated by natural and synthetic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α agonists in livers of rodents and pigs
Authors: König Bettina , Fischer Susanne , Schlotte Susanne , Wen Gaiping , Eder Klaus , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMonocarboxylate transporter (MCT)‐1 mediates the transport of ketone bodies and other monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane. MCT1 is up‐regulated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α, a transcription factor that mediates the adaptive response to fasting by up‐regulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that MCT1 is up‐regulated by dietary natural PPAR‐α agonists. Both, an oxidized fat and conjugated linoleic acids increased MCT1 mRNA concentration in the liver of rats. Also, in the liver of pigs as non‐proliferating species MCT1 was up‐regulated upon PPAR‐α activation by clofibrate, oxidized fat and fasting. Concomitant with up‐regulation of MCT1, mRNA level of CD147 was increased in livers of rats and pigs. CD147 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that is required for translocation and transport activity of MCT1. CD147 mRNA increase upon PPAR‐α activation could not be observed in mice lacking PPAR‐α, which also fail in up‐regulation of MCT1 indicating a co‐regulation of MCT1 and CD147. Analysis of the 5′‐flanking region of mouse MCT1 gene by reporter gene assay revealed that promoter activity of mouse MCT1 was not induced by PPAR‐α, indicating that the 5′‐flanking region is not involved in MCT1 regulation by PPAR‐α.
Effect of the presence of a brain tumor on electromagnetic power absorption in the head of a cellular phone user
Authors: Cavagnaro M. , Bernardi P. , Pisa S. , Piuzzi E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA pilot numerical study is conducted to investigate whether a tumor located in the outermost layers of the brain is able to change power absorption and temperature increase in the head, when exposed to the field radiated by a cellular phone. Results show that absorption into the head tissues different from the tumor is barely affected by its presence. On the other hand, inside the tumor, tumor dielectric properties highly influence electromagnetic power absorption, while temperature increments are mainly affected by tumor thermal properties rather than dielectric properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1264–1267, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25158
Coaxial to waveguide transitions and device under test characterization by means of inverse techniques
Authors: Lozano‐Guerrero Antonio José , Monzó‐Cabrera Juan , Clemente‐Fernández Francisco Javier , Pedreño‐Molina Juan Luis , Díaz‐Morcillo Alejandro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new two‐tier inverse characterization technique for coaxial to waveguide transitions including a device under test (DUT) is presented in this article.The transitions and the DUT are characterized by its scattering parameters, and a cascade procedure is used to compare calculations and measurements during the unterminating procedure. Two different standard types such as short‐circuits and thrus are used, and the two transitions jointly with the DUT are simultaneously characterized. Genetic algorithms and a gradient based method have been used for error minimization during the unterminating stage. Results of this two‐tier inverse technique are compared to those provided by measurements, simulations, and the three‐cavity method, showing that it is possible to properly characterize the coaxial to waveguide transitions and the DUT in a flexible and accurate way. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1294–1297, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25159
A new compact band‐pass filter based on an asymmetric short‐circuited spurline resonator
Authors: Rodriguez‐Cepeda P. , Ribó M. , Pajares F.J. , Sánchez A. M. , Regué J. R. , Pérez A. , Pradell L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this letter, a new compact two‐pole band‐pass filter (BPF) based on an asymmetric short‐circuited spurline resonator is presented. The filter is modeled by means of a new multimodal circuit model for a microstrip to three‐line‐microstrip cross, which allows a rigorous study of a very generic new family of filters. A BPF centered at 1.9 GHz has been designed, measured, and simulated using this multimodal model. A good agreement between measurements and simulations has been obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1328–1331, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25161
Rayleigh assisted Brillouin effects in distributed Raman amplifiers under saturated conditions at 40 Gb/s
Authors: Rocco Giraldi M. T. M. , Rocha A. M. , Neto B. , Correia C. , Segatto M. E. V. , Pontes M. J. , Barbero A. P. L. , Costa J. C. W. , Martinez M. A. G. , Frazão O. , Baptista J. M. , Salgado H. M. , Marques M. B. , Teixeira A. L. J. , André P. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes experimentally the limitations observed in lightwave systems using distributed Raman amplifiers operating under large pump power input conditions. The Brillouin effect is observed as the pump power reaches 1 W. The presence of Brillouin peaks degrades the performance of the system. The Raman amplification occurs in single mode and dispersion compensating fibers, being evaluated in a link at transmission rate of 40 Gb/s. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1331–1335, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25162