bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-to-One Learning—Using Digital Technology to Endow Children in Nigeria with Knowledge for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Edozien-Nwogbe Valerie , Zubiller Love , Amber Simone , Smith Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOver 10 years ago, an oilfield services company launched an outreach program focused on underserved communities where its employees live and work. The program empowers employee volunteers and educators—including teachers, parents, and other mentors—to share their passion for science with students aged 10 to 18. The program draws on the technology and science expertise of the volunteers to engage students.Today, an innovative multisector collaboration among the company's community outreach program, two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), a mining company, and a national government is expected to produce fundamental improvements in how children learn in several Nigerian schools. Under the program, 6,000 students will each receive a laptop computer specially designed by the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) educational initiative. Students will use these computers to learn mathematics, science, and other fundamentals—both independently and collectively.The initiative combines technology with established educational methods to actively engage students in their own education. In reaching across the boundaries that typically separate business, government, and civil society, the program draws on the expertise, experience, and authority of each partner to revolutionize how children learn in the digital age.In addition to containing tools for learning standard curricula, the laptops provide programs that teach selected global sustainability themes—developed, proven, and supported over the years by the oilfield services company's outreach program.This paper will present the details of the collaboration process as well as describe the challenges and successes that the program has faced in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and nearby locations, where it will soon be implemented.
North Kuwait Miscible Gas Eor Study
Authors: Al-Ajmi Moudi , Al-Anzi Ealian , Al-Anzi Hamed , Karaoguz Osman , Al-Ghadban Asma'a , Baroon Bodoor , Al-Dhuwaihi Abdul Aziz , Al-Otaibi Basel , Wigg Howard 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
KOC undertook a major leap in its FDP expansion programme by a very comprehensive Miscible Gas EOR feasibility screening review of the North Kuwait (NK) Sabiriya and Raudhatain oil fields. This paper will highlight the major findings of the Phase 1 of this project executed in 2008. Phase 1 evaluated available resources and data required for implementation of an EOR Pilot followed by a full field implementation. Main emphasis was to evaluate EOR injectant supply options and identify a most-likely first source with the associated risks. The workscope encompassed 4 major task items: ▪Investigate and rank alternative injectants for technical/economic feasibility, recovery efficiency & local availability point of view:–CO2-the quality, quantity, usability from the industries, factories, power-plants.–Mixtures of CO2 & NGL from Jurassic Condensate–Feasibility of other methods such as water-alternating-gas (WAG) or nitrogen (N2) injection–Evaluate the Heavy Oil Project emissions as injectants.▪Review PVT EOR laboratory studies conducted by KOC to date. Screen data for consistency and representativeness for PVT/EOS modeling in Phase-2 sector/pattern reservoir simulation work. Characterize fluid property variation vertically and areally. Make recommendations.▪Review the completion and facilities for suitability in a CO2 & other injectant environment. Provide a first pass assessment of the associated gross economics to implement EOR scenarios that may require changes/uprgades to the surface facilities and/or completions.▪Review coreflood SCAL studies, solubility and miscibility tests including WAG. Compare waterflood and immiscible/miscible tertiary gasflood relative permeability experiments. Establish the need for carbonate rock leaching experiments for CO2 injection. Establish the need for asphaltene precipitation experiments for heavy API grades.
The study identified pure CO2 and CO2/NGL mixtures as the most plausible miscible gas options worth pursuing a pilot study. For each Miscible Injectant type, the source options & supply volumes and the CAPEX and OPEX cost estimates were established. Semi- analytical recovery models were used to evaluate the EOR recovery efficiencies of the individual reservoirs, net injectant requirements and product streams.
The detailed EOR cost model was built using the actual KOC well and facility cost Database and CAPEX and O&M costs for the industrial sourced CO2.
A preliminary economics was performed using input from both models above. A pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of CO2 WAG was also proposed.
Balancing Development with Environmental Stewardship in a UK Special Area of Conservation
Authors: Morton A. , Yip-Hoi T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The discovery of a significant gas field in the UK Southern North Sea (SNS) beneath the Dogger Bank draft Special Area of Conservation (dSAC) required subsequent development activities to be appropriately planned and implemented. Previously, Operators in the region had responded to increasing demands to sustainably manage their activities by formulating a coordinated strategic approach to environmental management. This was accomplished by:
Preliminary scoping to identify key environmental sensitivities Developing a comprehensive picture of the regional environmental baseline by sharing environmental data through a dedicated SNS Environmental Network Sharing good practice with respect to mitigation measures
Early dialogue between the Operator, the UK Government Regulator and stakeholders highlighted a key concern that pipeline installation and deposition of rock stabilisation material did not affect the integrity of the protected dSAC feature. The decision-making process and selection of mitigation measures were improved by: an early consideration of appropriate best practices and other Operators’ experiences; supplementation of standard assessment data via a more extensive data gathering programme; intelligent surveying to delineate and characterise sensitive habitats; and post-impact surveying of previously developed sites. In addition, the project team invested time and resources to address recommendations made by the SNS Environmental Network, the outcomes of which informed project design to the benefit of the protected area. For example, the pipeline route was optimised to reduce benthic disturbance and the likelihood of upheaval buckling and thus the need for subsequent deposition of rock stabilisation material.
Recommendations arising from an extensive review of UK marine oil and gas environmental statements were followed during compilation of the project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This ensured robustness of the information provided, facilitating the regulatory review process. Financial risk was decreased by avoiding project delays while offering the maximum time to seek solutions. Commencing the EIA early in the project life cycle ensured that the most effective mitigation measures could be considered, thus reducing the likelihood of an unfavourable environmental outcome. The lessons learned from this project are of value to other Operators seeking sustainable development solutions in areas of high conservation importance.
Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life: Update on Research Progress
Authors: Michael J. L. , Notor L. , Campbell J. , Hedgeland D. , Jenkerson M. , Melton R. , Tait R. D. , Tsoflias S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A group of 14 oil and gas companies and the International Association of Geophysical Contractors (IAGC) through the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) have been funding the Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production (E&P) Sound and Marine Life (JIP). The JIP funds research to reduce the uncertainty around the risk of negatively impacting marine animal populations during E&P activities. While there is little to no scientific evidence showing significant negative impacts, there are gaps in scientific knowledge that create uncertainty in industry risk assessments. In the absence of complete data, environmental regulators may, and do impose, conservative restrictions on E&P activities aimed to prevent or mitigate the possibility of significant impacts.
JIP funded research is conducted by independent researchers and contractors and aims to advance understanding of the characteristics of industry sound sources, how sound emitted from these sources propagates in the marine environment and what the effects of these sounds are on marine life. The results of this research will inform risk assessment activities and help determine appropriate mitigation technologies and methods. It will inform the scientific community and regulators about potential environmental effects of operations; ultimately resulting in improved science-based decisions by regulators, and increased permitting efficiency for oil and gas projects. This paper discusses JIP projects underway and presents results that are improving understanding of offshore E&P operation and any associated environmental risks.
JIP funded research has made substantial progress in describing industry sound sources and developing mitigation and monitoring technologies that detect animals in the water column. Additional progress has been made in understanding the effects of sound on tissues and animal behavior and the biological significance of these effects.
Sustainable Social Investment: An IPIECA perspective
Authors: Leoni Guilherme Luís , Chaouch Adel , Wild Elizabeth , Buckley Hannah , Romer Ruth 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Social investment programmes are the voluntary contributions companies make to the communities and broader societies where they operate. The objective of such investments is to benefit local stakeholders, to establish and maintain good relationships with them, and enhance the company's positive social impact on its host society.
There are many examples of companies implementing social investment programmes that have made a significant contribution to the well-being of the surrounding communities. However, despite companies’ best efforts and ongoing engagement, other social investment programmes fail to generate the goodwill that companies expect, and instead become a burden beyond the originally intended implementation period. In the worst cases, well-intended initiatives may even be used by stakeholders against the companies.
IPIECA, an organization that brings oil and gas companies together to share experiences and good practices in the environmental and social spheres, has committed efforts dedicated to understand how to systematically address these questions. A guidance document on ‘Creating Successful, Sustainable Social Investment’ resulted from this work, and forms the basis for this paper.
This paper introduces a framework for the design of successful, sustainable social investment programmes. It has been proposed based on general observations, lessons learned and emerging trends collected from a series of interviews with social investment experts in oil and gas companies operating worldwide, which are discussed on this paper. The paper also brings a discussion on the proposed framework based on the experiences of IPIECA members and their stakeholders. It attempts to address questions of how to incorporate sustainability into social investment programmes and how to measure their impacts and benefits.
Reducing Accidents through Implementing Behavior Change via Observations and Interventions
Authors: Camargo Marcelo , Fox Chris , Lopez Juan Carlos , Maso Philippe , Sanchez Caldera Rafael Moises , Moya Erick Jose , Cardozo Thania 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Safety culture has matured significantly in the oil and gas industry. Accident rates have declined substantially in recent decades and two important step change improvements can be observed. The first relates to the introduction of basic safety controls, the second to the development of more complex management systems. The oil and gas industry and the health and safety community believe that the next step change can be achieved through behavior-based safety (BBS).
While BBS is a long-established concept, its implementation as a discipline has been limited. Many companies have found that long-lasting behavioral change that reduces accidents is not easy to accomplish. Investigations continue to show that most accidents are associated with unsafe acts.
This paper describes the launch of a BBS program in an oilfield services company. The program provides employees with practical skills such as how to observe unsafe acts and how to intervene before an accident happens while overcoming interpersonal relationship barriers. Observing and encouraging safe behaviors is equally emphasized. The training is complementary to the company's other injury prevention, competence, and accountability programs.
The paper describes the program, the training methodology, its application on a continent-wide scale, and the measurement of results over the first full year of implementation and tens of thousands of interventions. The findings and the methodology can be applied to organizations of almost any size as a practical methodology for improving behavior.
The results show that, based on this methodology, which encourages open conversation, risk awareness, and mutual commitment, risk reduction at a work-site can be achieved. Accidents may be further reduced, improving from the current plateau in accident rate performance. For this oilfield services company, the BBS program is a significant contribution to its health, safety, and environment training practices: promoting a visible management style; serving as an important means of measuring active supervision; improving communication and feedback; and encouraging safe behavior.
The authors hope that this paper will help engaged organizations to move up the HSE culture maturity ladder and enjoy its many benefits.
Review and Analysis of Industry's Management of the Sound and Marine Life Issue
Authors: Gill G. C. , Tsoflias S. L 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
There are increasing concerns about potential impacts from anthropogenic sound on marine mammals and marine life, including sounds generated by oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) operations. The scientific understanding of the potential impacts of anthropogenic sound has expanded significantly in the last two decades as the issue has gained public attention and research prioritization, but important gaps in knowledge still exist. The complexity of the ocean environment, the variety of species, and the different types of sounds generated by E&P operations make it difficult to generalize about what impacts, if any, E&P sounds have on marine mammals and marine life. Seismic surveys (including near surface, shallow hazard surveys) have so far received the most scrutiny. Legitimate concerns also exist regarding sounds produced by other E&P operations such as subsea processing and production equipment, pipeline dredging, construction operations (especially those involving pile-driving), and even traffic from helicopters and service and supply vessels.
Although fewer today, the remaining gaps in knowledge mean the E&P industry often cannot characterize with sufficient certainty what impacts, if any, are caused by sounds produced from E&P operations, nor can we demonstrate with scientifically verified knowledge that potential impacts are biologically insignificant. As a result, governments are increasingly taking a precautionary approach, thus requiring the management of sounds from E&P operations based on the assumption these sounds cause significant negative impacts on marine mammals and marine life. This precautionary management of sounds from E&P operations has become a significant issue for the E&P industry.
In order to responsibly and effectively manage the sound and marine life (SML) issue, E&P industry personnel need to understand the issue and its importance as well as how it effects E&P industry activities. Recent experiences illustrate the many challenges our industry faces in globally managing the SML issue. The E&P industry's response to the SML issue, including key recent developments and areas for improvement based on lessons learned, will be presented.
Moving from Investigating to Analyzing Incidents: Supporting Organizational Learning
Authors: Hudson Patrick 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Incident investigation techniques in all high-hazard industries concentrate primarily on the immediate causes, such as the technical failures and the more frequent human shortcomings that led to the incident. Issues that are identified at these superficial levels of investigation and analysis tend to be local and hard to relate to deeper underlying causes that may be company-wide. Answers to more abstract questions, about organizational and cultural issues, provide much more useful information that organizations can use to implement preventative programs with far-reaching benefits rather than just treat symptoms of the underlying problem that may do little to prevent the next incident.
The ‘statistical’ approach described in this paper relies upon the notion that lower accuracy of assignment to a cause category in any single accident analysis can be compensated by averaging over larger numbers of incidents. Investigators often remain close to the event because the evidence is more concrete and less ambiguous at the level of the immediate causes, resulting in a tendency to reinforce the idea that front-line operators are the primary causes of accidents – if only because no evidence is offered that there was a deeper-lying set of causes within the organization.
This paper describes a method for analyzing incidents that allows for the aggregation of multiple causes, taking different points of view, rather than being based upon an essentially linear approach such as event trees. The different categories chosen can be aligned with the organization's requirements for learning and improvement, as opposed to the primary aim of supplying an accurate description of what happened. The paper shows how it is possible to distinguish local from company-wide influences and demonstrate trends in underlying factors.
Comparison between Acute and Chronic Toxicities of Drilling Fluids in Brazil: Is It Possible to Determine a Correlation between Them?
Authors: Cupelo A. C. , Marroquim A. C. , Franca Filho J. , Rabke S. P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Establishing a regulation for the use and discharge of drilling and completion fluids in Brazil has been a challenge. The lack of specific procedures and limits for some of the environmental control parameters has been generating difficulties for the final approval of these fluids, requiring additional efforts and provoking discussions between the oil companies, suppliers and the Brazilian environmental authority.
One of the most relevant control parameters required for the use and discharge of fluids in the environmental permitting processes is the evaluation of acute and chronic toxicity on marine organisms. Even though the limit required for acute toxicity using the mysid shrimp Mysidopsis juniae is well defined (96-hr LC50 &gt;30,000 ppm of SPP), there is not a limit established for the chronic toxicity using the larval stages of the sea-urchin Lytechinus variegatus, making the acute value the only established parameter used to define the approval of the fluids. Therefore, although chronic results are being generated for several fluid formulations, due to the lack of a specific limit, no direct use is being made of these results.
The main purpose of this work is to contribute to the knowledge and proper use of toxicity results by comparing the values obtained for acute and chronic tests. For this evaluation, results obtained for different types of drilling and completion fluids will be used, both aqueous fluids (AF) and non-aqueous fluids (NAF). The results were analyzed by statistical tools to determine if a correlation between the two types of toxicity assays is feasible, considering the type of fluid evaluated.
Putting Lagging Indicators in the Rear View Mirror with Broadly Applicable QHSE Process-based KPIs
Authors: Stough Joe 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper will provide an overview of how a software products and management services company in partnership with some of the world's leading Energy companies have been shifting focus away from the standard incident-based lagging metrics. These companies have begun driving leadership accountability to improve QHSE performance with a set of "leading" management KPI's which are drawn from organizational treatment/execution of QHSE business processes.
We will review the collaborative "research and analysis" process which has revealed a myriad of leading metrics which are calculated / applied as broadly as incident-based, lagging metrics. We will show how combining a large global data set with some fundamental statistical methods has resulted in finding the most meaningful leading KPIs.
We will explore the analytical results from a large data set involving thousands of sites across the globe for both Energy companies and Oilfield Service businesses which serve as contractors to them. We will discuss how many different types of "potential leading indicators" are being extracted from this data set and are being analyzed mathematically to identify the most meaningful KPIs.
Then, we will review the result of this analytical work, which entails the field-level use of these KPIs on management performance reports. We will show how the analytical conclusions are being applied as a set of process-based benchmarks which are being used to assist companies with selecting the most appropriate KPIs per their specific state of QHSE business processes.
Finally, the ultimate significance in this approach lies in how these companies are shifting their focus from traditional reaction-based performance management toward establishing an iterative system of continuous improvement. To conclude, we review examples of leading KPI scorecards and demonstrate how these performance reporting tools evolve over time.
Petroleum Enterprise Intelligence in the Digital Oil Field
Authors: Records Louis Russell , Shimbo David 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The petroleum industry is facing volatile energy prices, increasing government regulation and taxation, difficult operating environments, strict environmental, health, and safety demands and escalating competition. But the Digital Oilfield — a composite of people, processes and technologies — is enhancing the productivity and reducing the costs for exploration and production (E&P) workers and oilfield managers across the globe in leading companies. The essence of the Digital Oilfield is managing the entire process from exploration to production to facilities operations in an optimized, real-time way with the integration of all business partners – the operators, service companies, logistics providers, software & technology providers, and various governmental regulatory agencies.
A key driver of the Digital Oilfield is the explosion of digital information that is created by real-time data gathering systems, new modeling and simulation tools, and information created by collaborating employees. Most E&P companies struggle with the management of this increasing volume of enterprise information. This information base includes data, information, and knowledge from the domains of finance, exploration, drilling, reservoir management, operations and maintenance. The management of this information is critical as it represents a huge investment in expensive oilfield equipment and skilled human resources. Effective operational decisionmaking requires information about current and past operations along with data stored in E&P and ERP systems. This paper describes the evolution of a new tool to access and integrate these diverse sources of information in the context of the work that field managers and engineers do every day. This paper is copyrighted by the Society of Petroleum Engineers.