bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional and organizational commitment in paediatric occupational therapists: the influence of practice setting
Authors: Seruya Francine M , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe professional and organizational commitment of paediatric occupational therapists working in two distinct practice settings, schools and medically based settings, was investigated. A web‐based survey program was used to administer a questionnaire to occupational therapists employed in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. The study employed social identity theory as a guiding perspective in understanding therapists' professional and organizational commitment. One hundred and fifty‐seven paediatric therapists responded to the Professional Commitment Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire to gauge their commitment to both the profession and their employing organizations. Results indicated that paediatric therapists, regardless of employment setting, have high professional commitment. Paediatric occupational therapists employed in medically based settings indicated statistically significant higher organizational commitment than their school‐based counterparts. For therapists that work in school settings, the presence of a professional cohort did not influence professional commitment scores. As the study employed a web‐based survey methodology, only individuals who were members of associations and had access to a computer and the Internet were able to participate. Further study might include widening the participant pool as well as adding additional instruments to explore both professional and organizational commitment on a more national scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Willingness of cancer patients to help family members to quit smoking
Authors: Garces Yolanda I. , Patten Christi A. , Sinicrope Pamela S. , Decker Paul A. , Offord Kenneth P. , Brown Paul D. , Clark Matthew M. , Rummans Teresa A. , Foote Robert L. , Hurt Richard D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: The impact of social support on successful smoking cessation has been well documented. However, little is known about whether personal experience with cancer may motivate cancer survivors to support smoking cessation among their family members and friends. As a first step in this line of research, we sought to explore interest in playing a supportive role for smoking cessation as well as correlates of such interest among cancer survivors.Methods: Cancer survivors undergoing radiation therapy (N=211) completed a 77‐item pencil–paper questionnaire. A section of the survey assessed interest in helping a smoker quit and characteristics of the smoking social network member. Respondents provided information on their smoking status, medical status, and psychosocial and behavioral factors related to cigarette smoking.Results: Over half of the respondents 114 (54%) reported having someone close to them (family member or friend) smoking cigarettes who they thought should quit. Of these respondents (44 females, 70 males) 78% (89/114) reported they were definitely or probably interested in helping a smoker quit. Nearly all respondents wanted to help a family member (typically an adult child).Conclusions: Results suggest the potential feasibility of engaging cancer survivors to help family members quit smoking. Research is needed to determine the optimal methods and timing for engaging the cancer patient to maximize positive effects and minimize potential harms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of masculinity and self‐image in adolescent and young adult testicular cancer survivors: implications for romantic and sexual relationships
Authors: Carpentier Melissa Y. , Fortenberry J. Dennis , Ott Mary A. , Brames Mary J. , Einhorn Lawrence H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To examine adolescent and young adult (AYA) testicular cancer survivors' subjective understanding of the impact of cancer in adolescence and young adulthood, with a particular emphasis on romantic and sexual relationships.Methods: Twenty‐one AYA testicular cancer survivors, aged 18 to 34 years, were recruited from outpatient testicular cancer follow‐up clinics and completed a semi‐structured qualitative interview that assessed the impact of testicular cancer on their romantic and sexual relationships.Results: Four themes were identified that reflected survivors' understanding of the impact of cancer in adolescence and young adulthood: (1) embarrassment leads to delays in care‐seeking, (2) testicular cancer makes you feel different from others, (3) being different from others makes you damaged goods, and (4) cancer disclosure is difficult.Conclusions: As these themes represent important components of being in a romantic/sexual relationship, either currently or in the future, AYA testicular cancer survivors would benefit from the development of tailored interventions focused on improving these relevant domains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
InGaN‐based 518 and 488 nm laser diodes on c‐plane GaN substrate
Authors: Miyoshi Takashi , Masui Shingo , Okada Takeshi , Yanamoto Tomoya , Kozaki Tokuya , Nagahama Shin‐ichi , Mukai Takashi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe succeeded in fabricating InGaN‐based laser diodes (LDs) with a wavelength of 518 and 488 nm under continuous wave (cw) operation. The both LDs structures were grown on conventional c‐plane GaN substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The threshold current and threshold voltage were 45 mA and 5.5 V at 518 nm, 30 mA and 4.5 V at 488 nm, respectively. The lifetime test of these LDs was carried out under high driving temperature up to 80 °C in cw operation. Lifetime was estimated to be over 5000 h with an optical output power of 5 mW at 80 °C in 515–518 nm LDs from 1000 h operation, and was estimated to be over 10,000 h with an output power of 60 mW at 60 °C in 488 nm LDs from 2000 h operation.
A New Cationic Gemini Surfmer: Synthesis and Surface Activities
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Biqing , Lu Zhiyong , Wei Limin , Feng Yujun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new cationic gemini surfmer (polymerizable surfactant or surface‐active monomer) with an acrylic reactive group in its spacer group was synthesized and characterized, and its surface activity properties were examined in comparison with its intermediate surfactant 12‐3OH‐12·2Cl−, a previously‐reported gemini surfmer 12′‐2‐12′·2Br−, as well as monomeric surfactant dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide. It was found that neither the incorporation of a double bond onto the gemini surfactant nor the change of location of the double bond will affect surface activities of the gemini surfactant.
Body image and first sexual intercourse in late adolescence
Authors: Vasilenko Sara A. , Ram Nilam , Lefkowitz Eva S. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSexual behavior is associated with body image, but the directionality of this association is unclear. This study used longitudinal data from a sample of previously abstinent college students (N = 100, 45% female, 49% European American, 26% Latino American, 25% African American) to test whether satisfaction with appearance changed after first intercourse. Male students were more satisfied with their appearance after first intercourse, whereas female students became slightly less satisfied with their appearance. These findings demonstrate that first intercourse can lead to changes in well‐being, even if the transition takes places in late adolescence. In addition, they suggest that gendered cultural expectations regarding sexual behavior are associated with differing psychological outcomes for male and female adolescents.
Brief report: “I can't talk about it:” Sexuality and self‐silencing as interactive predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescent dating couples
Authors: Little Katherine C. , Welsh Deborah P. , Darling Nancy , Holmes Rachel M. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study examined sexual intercourse within adolescent romantic relationships as a couple‐level moderator of the association between adolescent individual characteristics and depressive symptoms. Two hundred nine middle‐ and older‐adolescent dating couples (aged 14–17 and 17–21, respectively) reported on their own self‐silencing, depressive symptoms, and sexual behaviors. At Time 1, frequency of sexual intercourse significantly moderated the relationship between self‐silencing and depressive symptoms, such that adolescents higher in self‐silencing engaging in more frequent sex were at risk for clinically significant levels of depression. Adolescents who were low in self‐silencing were not at increased risk for depression, regardless of frequency of sex. Self‐silencing also significantly predicted increases in depressive symptoms from Time 1 to Time 2. Implications include the possibility that frequent sex in highly self‐silencing adolescents exacerbates psychological depletion believed to link self‐silencing to depressive symptoms, and that this depletion compounds over time.
Classification and identification of opioid addiction in chronic pain patients
Authors: Højsted Jette , Nielsen Per Rotbøll , Guldstrand Sally Kendall , Frich Liv , Sjøgren Per 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAddiction is a feared consequence of long‐term opioid treatment of chronic pain patients. The ICD‐10 and DSM‐IV diagnostic addiction criteria may not be appropriate in these patients. Therefore Portenoy's criteria (PC) were launched. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of addiction, to investigate whether PC were applicable and to compare these criteria with the ICD‐10 criteria. The study was cross‐sectional and included 253 patients with chronic pain at a tertiary pain centre. Patients were screened for addiction by a physician and a nurse. The addiction prevalence was 14.4% according to ICD‐10 and 19.3% according to PC. A significant difference between the prevalence of addiction according to ICD‐10 and to PC was found. The inter‐rater reliability was 0.95 for ICD‐10 and 0.93 for PC. The sensitivity of PC was 0.85 and the specificity was 0.96. According to PC patients classified as addicted were treated with significantly higher opioid doses, drank more alcohol, smoked more tobacco, used benzodiazepines and had higher levels of depression. According to ICD‐10 patients classified as addicted used higher doses of opioids, drank more alcohol and had higher scores of anxiety and depression. High opioid doses, concomitant use of alcohol and younger age were risk factors. The risk profile for PC was different to ICD‐10 by adding risk factors as concomitant use of benzodiazepines, having depression and low educational level. PC seems to be appropriate for diagnosing addiction in opioid treated pain patients and seems to be more sensitive and specific than ICD‐10 criteria.
Readiness to adopt a self‐management approach to pain – Are profiles of subscale scores on the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire useful?
Authors: Fors Terese , Damsgård Elin , Røe Cecilie , Anke Audny 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe study evaluated the ability of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) to classify subjects into specific profiles of readiness to adopt a self‐management approach to pain. An analysis was made of whether the five earlier described PSOCQ‐profiles Precontemplation, Contemplation, Non‐contemplative Action, Participation and Ambivalent could be reproduced by two different methods, cluster analysis and visual analysis. The 184 included subjects completed the PSOCQ, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL‐25), the Tampa scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and five self‐efficacy questions from the arthritis self‐efficacy questionnaire (ASES). Profiles were drawn based on the mean scores of the four subscales in PSOCQ. All the five predefined profiles were identified visually by two coders with an interrater agreement of Kappa 0.731. A 6‐cluster solution generated the four profiles Precontemplation, Contemplation, Non‐contemplative Action and Participation. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) on cluster analysis classified 83.5% of cases in the same group, and DFA on visual classification 72.1% of cases. Fifty‐three percent were classified in the same profile by cluster and visual analysis. The two profiles Precontemplation and Participation seem to identify distinct subgroups that differ in educational level, pain during activity and psychometric measures. Non‐contemplative Action share characteristics with Precontemplation, and the Contemplation group has scores in between. In conclusion, more research on the validity of the PSOCQ is needed. Outcome studies after pain treatment programmes could focus three main states that differ on measures for concurrent validity: Profiles that can be identified as Precontemplation or Non‐contemplative action, Contemplators, and subjects with Participation profiles.
The impact of anesthesia and mode of delivery on the urinary bladder in the postdelivery period
Authors: Foon Richard , Toozs‐Hobson Philip , Millns Peter , Kilby Mark 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of regional anesthesia and mode of delivery on the function of the urinary bladder. The primary outcome was the time taken for urinary bladder sensation to return following various modes of delivery and analgesia/anesthesia. The secondary outcome was the volume of urine present in the bladder when sensation returned.MethodsThe study was conducted at the Birmingham Women's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. A total of 120 postnatal patients were studied between January 2007 and March 2008. The volume of urine in the bladder when sensation first returned was measured by release of a clamp for women fitted with an indwelling catheter, and/or estimated using ultrasound.ResultsThe median times for sensation to return to the bladder in patients who had a vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia, vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia, and after elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were 122 minutes (IQR, 112–136 minutes), 234 minutes (IQR, 202–291 minutes), and 374 minutes (IQR, 311–425 minutes), respectively. The median urine volumes were 144 mL (IQR, 112–192 mL), 200 mL (IQR, 136–336 mL), and 152.5 mL (IQR, 125–270 mL), respectively.ConclusionThese results should be taken into consideration when formulating a postdelivery bladder care protocol.
Transvaginal ultrasound and sonohysterography for assessment of postpartum residual trophoblastic tissue
Authors: Cosmi Erich , Saccardi Carlo , Litta Pietro , Nardelli Giovanni B. , Dessole Salvatore 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound and sonohysterography (SHG) in diagnosing residual trophoblastic tissue in postpartum women and to assess the adverse effects and complications of the SHG procedure.MethodsA prospective study of patients with postpartum bleeding enrolled for clinical symptoms and signs of residual trophoblastic tissue. All women underwent transvaginal ultrasound and SHG. Uterine cavity curettage was performed in all women and the material collected was sent for pathologic examination.ResultsAmong 84 patients, transvaginal ultrasound revealed residual trophoblastic tissue in 60 women, whereas SHG detected residual trophoblastic tissue in 48 and blood clots in 12. Pathologic examination confirmed trophoblastic tissue in 48 patients and blood clots in 12. Fifteen (17.9%) patients experienced adverse effects after SHG. Thirteen (15.5%) experienced postprocedural fever that resolved with antibiotics. Two women (2.4%) had severe complications of infection: 1 required surgery for peritonitis, which revealed salpingitis and a pelvic abscess; 1 experienced fever and mild abdominal pain that resolved with antibiotics after 10 days of hospitalization.ConclusionsAlthough SHG showed greater accuracy than transvaginal ultrasound in detecting residual trophoblastic tissue, a high proportion of patients experienced adverse effects.
Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women: Implications for access to abortion at the regional level
Authors: Ngwena Charles G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractArticle 14(2)(c) of the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women enjoins States Parties to take appropriate measures “to protect the reproductive rights of women by authorising medical abortion in cases of sexual assault, rape, incest, and where continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother or the life of the mother or the foetus.” This paper considers the implications of Article 14 for access to safe, legal abortion. It is submitted that Article 14 has the potential to impact positively on regional abortion law, policy, and practice in 3 main areas. First, it takes forward the global consensus on combating abortion as a major public health danger. Second, it provides African countries with not just an incentive, but also an imperative for reforming abortion laws in a transparent manner. Third, if implemented in the context of a treaty that centers on the equality and non‐discrimination of women, Article 14 has the potential to contribute toward transforming access to abortion from a crime and punishment model to a reproductive health model.
Distraction osteogenesis of the mandible for airway obstruction in children: Long‐term results
Authors: Tibesar Robert J. , Scott Andrew R. , McNamara Christopher , Sampson Daniel , Lander Timothy A. , Sidman James D. 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the long‐term results of distraction osteogenesis of the mandible for upper airway obstruction in children with micrognathia.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsThe records of a pediatric otolaryngology practice and tertiary children's hospital were searched for patients treated with bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis for upper airway obstruction. Patients were selected if greater than three years of follow‐up data were available. Data were analyzed for airway and feeding outcomes, and long‐term surgical complications were identified.ResultsThirty‐two patients met study criteria. Of the 11 patients who had tracheotomy prior to distraction, seven were decannulated after the procedure. Seventeen patients needed perioperative gastrostomy. Seven are now able to feed orally. Fifteen patients treated with mandibular distraction were able to avoid gastrostomy tube placement altogether. The complication of open bite deformity was experienced by nine patients (28%). Five of 32 patients (16%) had tooth malformation, tooth loss, or dentigerous cyst formation while an additional three patients (9%) had long‐term facial nerve injury. Nineteen patients (59%) were under three months old at the time of their distraction. Only one of these patients (5.2%) required an additional distraction procedure.ConclusionLong‐term follow‐up data on patients treated with mandibular distraction for upper airway obstruction show sustained airway improvement. Additionally, micrognathic children treated with distraction have improved outcomes in oral feeding with a relatively low rate of long‐term complications. It remains important to follow these patients to monitor the need for secondary reconstructive procedures.
Murine complement deficiency ameliorates acute cigarette smoke‐induced nasal damage
Authors: Davis Kara S. , Casey Sarah E. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Mulligan Ryan M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Atkinson Carl 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveExposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis. Current literature confirms complement fragments are activated in human nasal mucosa. The mechanism(s) responsible for this activation is unclear. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on nasal mucosa in vitro and via a model of cigarette smoke exposure by using animals deficient in complement components.Study DesignProspective, controlled animal and in vitro human cell line study.SettingUniversity laboratory.Subjects and MethodsHuman respiratory epithelial cells were exposed to five, 10, and 20 percent cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro in the presence or absence of human serum. Complement activation was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent techniques. Complement‐deficient (C3–/–, n = 6; factor B–/–, n = 50) and sufficient mice (wild type, n = 10) were exposed to the smoke of four cigarettes per exposure for two exposures per day for three days. Mice were sacrificed 12 hours after the last exposure, and the nasal cavity was surgically removed. Histological characteristics were analyzed by the use of a subjective scale and quantitative image analysis scoring systems.ResultsIn vitro analysis of respiratory cell cultures demonstrated that exposure of serum to CSE resulted in complement activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining for C3d could only be demonstrated in CSE‐exposed cultures. In vivo analysis demonstrated that complement deficiency, either C3 or factor B deficiency, resulted in a significant reduction in histological evidence of damage as compared with wild‐type control mice (wild type vs C3–/–, P = 0.02; wild type vs factor B–/–, P = 0.07; no significant difference between C3–/– vs factor B–/–).ConclusionThese data demonstrate that cigarette smoke activates the complement system. Furthermore, complement deficiency protected against smoke‐induced mucosal damage in this small series.
Textural and carbon isotopic evidence of monsoonal changes recorded in a composite-type speleothem from Korea since MIS 5a
Authors: Jo Kyoung-nam , Woo Kyung Sik , Cheng Hai , Edwards Lawrence R. , Wang Yongjin , Kim Ryeon , Jiang Xiuyang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTextural and stable isotopic records of a composite-type speleothem from Gwaneum Cave in the eastern part of the Korean peninsula show prominent paleoenvironmental changes since MIS (marine oxygen isotope stage) 5a. Based on 230Th/234U dating, the speleothem experienced growth from 90.9 ± 6.5 ka to 1.2 ± 0.5 ka with several hiatuses. Four growth phases (A, B, C and D) are recognized based on speleothem type and texture. Very irregular and laterally discontinuous growth laminae in Phases B and C indicate that the cave coralloids grew over the stalagmite (Phase A) when the supply of dripping water became limited. Variations within the δ13C time series of Phase A are interpreted as responses to millennial-scale fluctuations of the East Asian monsoon intensity during MIS 5a. The monsoonal interpretation is based on the idea that δ13C values reflect the isotopic composition of soil-derived CO2, which, in turn, should relate to monsoon-driven changes in terrestrial productivity above the cave during the MIS 5a. Our reconstruction reveals that the significant monsoonal changes on the Korean peninsula occurred in conjunction with changes in sea level and/or oceanic circulations during the transition period from MIS 5a to MIS 4.