bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Isolation between Two Populations ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Collected in Corn and Rice Fields from Central Colombia
Authors: Velásquez-Vélez M I , Saldamando-Benjumea C I , Ríos-Diez J D 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a Neotropical moth that has diverged into corn, Zea mays L., and rice, Oryza sativa L., host strains because these plants are their most frequently used hosts. The corn strain also has been found in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and the rice strain in small grasses and pasture grasses. Studies of the reproductive isolation between these two strains have provided ambiguous results from populations in the United States. In Colombia, we tested pre- and postzygotic isolation in these strains. Both strains showed postzygotic isolation for several life-history traits, including number of egg masses, number of larvae, number of females, pupal developmental time, female and male longevity, and female and male pupal weight. We observed a reduction of the number of hybrid females and a reduction in fertility in hybrids in S. frugiperda. These results suggest the possibility of Haldane's rule. Heterosis in the F1(2) and F2(1) generations was observed for number of larvae and adult longevity. This line presented a high standard deviation, suggesting instability in this cross. A possible effect of the X chromosome may explain the reduction in viability and sterility in F1 hybrids of host strains of S. frugiperda. No temporal isolation was observed between the corn and rice strains. Differences in longevity between corn and rice strains might be another form of temporal isolation between these strains, because differences in adulthood time might reduce the encounters between them and thus hybridization.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Son Yerim , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has been identified. The mtDNA (15,717 bp) of G. molesta encodes 13 putative proteins, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Analysis of nucleotide composition of the genome indicates high A+T composition (80.74%), which results in biased codon use and richness in specific amino acids of mitochondrial proteins. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons except for COI, which is initiated presumably by CGA codon. Except tRNASer (AGN), the remaining 21 tRNAs form a typical cloverleaf structure. An intergenic space between tRNASer (AGN) and ND1 contains a lepidopteran-characteristic sequence (ATACTAA). The control region, rich in A+T, harbors several sequence characteristics shared by lepidopteran species, such as the motif ATAGA followed by 5′ poly T stretch and 3′ poly A stretch at just upstream of tRNAMet. The phylogenetic analysis, using whole mtDNAs, showed that G. molesta is clustered with other tortricid species, in which lepidopterans form a monophylogeny on the basis of Papilionoidea.
Host Associations of Thysanoptera with Paspalum distichum and Paspalum notatum (Poales: Poaceae)
Authors: Sharma Jyotsna , Paini Dean , Funderburk Joe , Mound Laurence 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch); and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), are abundant, polyphagous species in the southern United States. Paspalum notatum Flugge and Paspalum distichum L. (Poales: Poaceae) are low-maintenance, warm-climate, tolerant grasses that are used for pasture and residential lawns and along roadsides. The potential of P. notatum and P. distichum to serve as sources of the common polyphagous Frankliniella thrips in the southeastern United States was evaluated. The abilities of F. fusca, F. occidentalis, and F. tritici to survive and reproduce on vegetative-stage P. distichum, P. notatum ‘Argentine’, P. notatum ‘Pensacola’, and P. notatum ‘Tifton 9’ were compared in laboratory no-choice tests. Survival of the adults of each thrips species was ≈20% after 12 d on each of the Paspalum treatments. No progeny were produced by F. occidentalis on the U.S. native P. distichum, and the other thrips species produced very few progeny on this host. The number of progeny of each thrips was very low on all P. notatum cultivars. A field survey of the Thysanoptera associated with P. notatum Argentine also was conducted to determine whether the Frankliniella thrips were feeding or reproducing under field conditions. A few male and female adults of F. tritici and F. fusca were noted in the racemes, but larval populations were not observed. Reproducing populations of Caprithrips insularis Beshear and Haplothrips graminis Hood were present in the stems and leaves, and the racemes, respectively. Collectively, the laboratory and field studies revealed that the tested P. notatum cultivars and P. distichum accession are poor hosts for reproduction of the Frankliniella thrips in the southern United States and that the large plantings of these grasses are not serving as sources of pest Frankliniella thrips.
Life History and Laboratory Rearing of Mecidea minor (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with Descriptions of Immature Stages
Authors: Scott Bundy C , McPherson J E 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The life history of the stink bug Mecidea minor Ruckes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was studied in the southern half of New Mexico from January 2005 to December 2007, and the egg and nymphal instars are described. This species was active year-round, occurring on various species of grasses but primarily on Lehmann lovegrass, Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees; grama grasses (Bouteloua spp.); Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.); and tobosagrass, Pleuraphis mutica Buckley. Adults and late instars (fourth and fifth) were present during winter. The appearance and abundance of the eggs, nymphs, and adults during the year suggest this species is bivoltine with the possibility of a partial third generation. Instars can be distinguished by differences in morphological features, including body size and presence and relative development of wing pads.
Effects of Nutrition on Lifelong Sleep and Activity Patterns in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Haselton Aaron T , Halpern Richard , Vinson Ryan , Klein Regina 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) exhibits several welldefined sleep parameters and a sleep:wake rhythm strength cycle that fragments and deteriorates with age. Because many aspects of functional senescence may be linked to the effects of accumulated oxidative damage, and as several lines of experimental evidence indicate that sleep parameters and sleep:wake rhythm strength may be modulated by oxidative stress in D. melanogaster, it has been postulated that sleep fragmentation is driven, at least in part, by accumulated oxidative damage in this fly. We investigated the contrasting effects of an enriched dietary regime that is likely to exacerbate processes associated with aging and oxidative damage accumulation, and a dietary restriction regime that has been demonstrated to delay the detectable effects of aging-related damage on lifelong sleep and activity patterns in male and female D. melanogaster. We found that female flies on a nutrient-rich dietary regime exhibited stronger sleep:wake cycles than females on a dietary restriction regime and that dietary restriction did not seem to alter the initiation of sleep fragmentation in female or male D. melanogaster.
Fine Structure and Distribution of Antennal Sensilla of Longicorn BeetlesLeptura arcuataandLeptura aethiops(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guan Lin , Ren Bingzhong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe longicorn beetles Leptura arcuata Panzer and Leptura aethiops Poda (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are predominant pollination beetles in Eurasia and North America. To further elucidate the mechanism of mate and host location, the type, number, and distribution of antennal sensilla of both species of the longicorn beetles were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The filiform antennae of both sexes of the both species consist of the scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres. Based on their morphology, three types of sensilla chaetica, one type of sensilla trichodea, four types of sensilla basiconica, and Böhm bristles were distinguished on the antennae in both sexes. No significant sexual differences in the types, numbers, and distribution of the antennal sensilla were found on the antennae, except for the number of sensilla basiconica type 2. The average number of sensilla basiconica type 2 on the antennae of the males was significant greater than that on the antennae of the females. Based on the ultrastructure we postulated that this type of sensillum on the male beetle's antennae should be responsible for the reception of the sex pheromone produced by the female beetle. The putative functions of other sensillar types also are discussed with reference to their morphology, distribution, and ultrastructure.
Feeding and Life History of Alabama argillacea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cotton Cultivars Producing Colored Fibers
Authors: Nascimento ARB , Ramalho F S , Azeredo T L , Fernandes F S , Júnior J L Nascimento , Silva CAD , Malaquias J B 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the consumption and use by herbivore pest's of the host plant is a common tool used for studying the interaction between insects and plants. Our goals were to quantify cotton leafworm, Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larval consumption rate in three cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivars that produce colored cotton fibers, and the effects of the consumption rate on A. argillacea pupal weight in greenhouse conditions. Larvae consumed a maximum of 0.69–1.03 g of leaf tissue over a 24-h period in all cultivars tested. Total consumption by A. argillacea larvae was highest when fed with ‘BRS 200’ leaves (2.89 g) and the lowest when fed with leaves from ‘BRS Safira’ (2.26 g). The regression analysis showed significant relationships between the quantity of leaf tissue consumed and pupal weights for each cotton cultivar. A. argillacea larvae fed on BRS 200 demonstrated a longer developmental period (14.84 d) than larvae fed on ‘BRS Rubi’ leaves (11.62 d) or BRS Safira (11.14 d). We concluded that BRS Safira presents the best quality food source for A. argillacea, BRS 200 is the worst, and BRS Rubí is intermediate. The longer developmental times of A. argillacea on BRS 200 may allow longer windows of opportunity for the use of biological control agents to reduce the damage caused by this pest and also would complete less generations per phenological cycle of the cotton crop.
Life History, Development, and Rearing ofEucryptorrhynchus brandti(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Quarantine
Authors: Herrick N J , Salom S M , Kok L T , McAvoy T J 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was identified in China and studied in quarantine in the United States as a potential biological control agent for the invasive weed, tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae). Studies on its general biology and development, and the most efficacious rearing method were conducted. E. brandti is univoltine. The metathoracic sternite and first abdominal segment are convex in females and concave or flat in males. Females are larger than males. Female and male sagittal measurements averaged 11.50 ± 0.14 (± SEM) and 10.35 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. Transversal measurements averaged 4.22 ± 0.06 and 3.73 ± 0.05 mm for females and males, respectively. Mean weight of females and males were 0.10 ± 0.003 and 0.07 ± 0.002 g, respectively. Females lived longer than males, averaging 66.3 ± 6.8 d and 46.5 ± 7.3 d, respectively. The egg stage averaged 5.0 ± 0.9 d, and the larval stage had six stadia and developed in 110 ± 15.0 d; the pupal stage was 16 ± 7.0 d at 25°C. A method for rearing E. brandti on cut A. altissima billets under quarantine conditions was developed. The most efficient egg-to-adult rearing method involved caging 12 males and 12 females or 24 males and 24 females for 7 d on 23-92-cm-long billets. Duration up to 3 wk after cutting did not affect adult emergence. This information will facilitate laboratory rearing and conducting host specificity tests to determine agent impact on nontarget species.
Redefinition of the Genus Dolichocybe (Acari: Dolichocybidae), with Description of Two New Species Associated with Insects
Authors: Rahiminejad Vahid , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Fathipour Yaghoub 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The genus DolichocybeKrantz, 1957 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Dolichocybidae) is redefined and two new species associated with beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) are described from Iran: Dolichocybe silvani Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar n. sp. associated with Silvanus sp. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) and Dolichocybe varkana Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar n. sp. associated with Corticeus unicolor Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). It is first record of the association between beetles of the family Silvanidae and Tenebrionidae and mites of the family Dolichocybidae. Also, it is first record of phoresy in the genus Dolichocybe. Chaetotaxy of tarsus I of the genus is discussed, host associations of the dolichocybids with insects are reviewed, and keys to the genera of the family and species of the genus Dolichocybe are presented.
Botanophila—EpichloëInteraction in a Wild Grass,Puccinellia distans, Lacks Dependence on the Fly Vector
Authors: Górzyńska Karolina , Lembicz Marlena , Olszanowski Ziemowit , Leuchtmann Adrian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn grass-infecting Epichloë (Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae) fungi, the transfer of spermatia for fungal fertilization depends on an insect vector: flies of the genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). The flies use the fungal stroma, a spore-producing fungal structure surrounding the grass inflorescence, for laying eggs and as a food source for both adults and larvae. This fly—fungus interaction is generally regarded as obligatory and mutualistic. Two Botanophila taxa were noted among four populations of the nonagricultural grass Puccinellia distans (L.) Pari, that were infected with the fungus Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. However, during the 7 yr of field observations, Botanophila flies were present every year in only one population of P. distans. The number of eggs per stroma ranged from zero to four and differed with year and site. Overall, eggs (or larvae) were observed on only 132 (19.2%) of the 687 stromata examined during the survey, with one (13.8%), two (4.5%), or more than two (0.9%) per stroma. However, 90.8% of the examined stromata were fertilized and produced perithecia, suggesting that other mechanisms or vectors of spermatia were responsible for fertilization.
Temporal Changes in Genetic Variation of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations, and Implications for Population Assignment in Eradication Zones
Authors: Choi Sung Kyoung , Kim Kyung Seok , Lee Hang , Adamczyk John J , Greenberg Shoil M , Westbrook John K , Sappington Thomas W 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
An existing microsatellite genotype database has been used for several years in population genetic assignment analyses of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), captured in eradication zones. It is important to update it in case of changes in genotype frequency at any of the locations over time. Such changes at neutral loci could be caused by drift, immigration, or population bottlenecks. We examined allele frequency distribution for 10 microsatellite loci to determine genetic differentiation among 10 boll weevil populations sampled from Texas and Mexico in 2009. In addition, temporal changes in genetic composition were examined in the eight populations for which samples were available from previous years. Substantial levels of spatial genetic structure were observed, with the 10 populations clustering as four major groups. Pairwise FST estimates in 2009 samples ranged from 0.001 (College Station-Cameron) to 0.492 (College Station-Ojinaga). There was little change in genetic profiles over time at four of the eight locations. Thus, for those four locations, genotype and allele frequency data can be pooled over the two sample dates, which will provide greater statistical power in future population assignment tests. However, genetic profiles changed substantially at Ojinaga, and to a lesser extent at Uvalde, Cameron, and Rosales, so the 2009 genotype data should be substituted in future analyses. Finally, populations from two new locations, Brownsville and Lockhart, TX, were sampled, genotyped, and added to the database. The addition of Lockhart is particularly important given its surprisingly high differentiation from the relatively nearby populations of Cameron and Uvalde.
Revision of Family Helotidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): VI. Candezei Group of the Genus Neohelota
Authors: Lee Chi-Feng , Votruba Petr 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The candezei species group of Neohelota Ohta is revised. Six species are recognized, including one described herein, Neohelota jakli sp. nov., from Indonesia (Sumatra). Helota claudiae Nguyen-Phung, 1985 is placed as junior synonym of Neohelota candezei (Ritsema, 1899), and Helota jocelynae Nguyen-Phung, 1985 as a junior synonym of Neohelota montana (Ohta, 1929). Lectotypes are designated for Helota krugeriRitsema, 1900; Helota margarethaeRitsema, 1900; and Helota mariae Ritsema, 1899. A key for the candezei species group is provided. Figures of protibiae, genitalia, internal sacs, eighth abdominal tergites, and fifth abdominal ventrites are given for all species.
Short-Term, Efficient Sampling Strategies for Estimating Forest Moth Diversity using Light Traps
Authors: Ozaki Kenichi , Sayama Katsuhiko , Ueda Akira , Ito Masato , Tabuchi Ken , Hironaga Teruhiko 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Evaluation of species diversity for highly diverse taxa is extremely time-consuming and costly; thus, there is a need to develop efficient sampling strategies. We established a short-term, efficient sampling scheme to produce samples that represent a full-season sampling of moth assemblages with a high degree of seasonality. We sampled adult moths monthly for the duration of the moth flying season by using light traps in five forest stands in a cool-temperate region in central Hokkaido, northern Japan. From this sample, we generated various subsamples that reduced the sampling period and the number of traps per stand, and tested whether these subsamples provide estimates of species richness, abundance, and species turnover representative of those revealed by the whole season sample. Comparisons between the whole season sample and each subsample indicated that setting one light trap on a night in July and August, which shortened the sampling period to 25% and reduced sample size to 38%, was the most efficient sampling scheme to estimate abundance, species richness, and similarity in the whole season sample. The comparisons also suggest that it is efficient to use rarified species richness as a species richness estimator, and the Bray—Curtis index or Morisita's Cλ for estimating species turnover between sites in moth assemblages.
Mechanistic Study of Improved Heavy Oil Recovery by CO2-Foam Injection
Authors: Emadi Alireza , Sohrabi Mehran , Jamiolahmady Mahmoud , Ireland Shaun , Robertson Graeme 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
CO2 injection is a relatively well-established oil recovery method but it has been mainly applied to conventional (light) oil reservoirs where the displacement of the oil by CO2 is likely to be miscible. Application of CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs has received much less attention and hence the performance of CO2 injection in these reservoirs has not been evaluated. Due to a much larger viscosity difference between CO2 and heavy oil, reservoir sweep efficiency is expected to be lower than that in conventional reservoirs. Moreover, CO2 is not expected to develop miscibility with heavy oil and hence displacement efficiency is also expected to be lower in heavy oil reservoirs. However, one major advantage of injection of CO2 in heavy oil reservoirs is the well-documented substantial drop in the viscosity of heavy oil when mixed with CO2 which is much larger than that in light oil.
To alleviate the problem of adverse mobility ratio, CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs needs to be augmented by other recovery techniques. The use of foam to improve sweep efficiency during CO2 injection seems a logical way to displace the CO2-diluted oil out of the porous medium. Foam has the potential to improve the sweep efficiency of the injected gas by reducing the effects of low gas viscosity and reservoir heterogeneity. Application of foam injection for increased heavy oil recovery has not been widely reported before and hence the ability of foam formation in the presence of heavy oil and its potential to increase heavy oil recovery is by and large untested.
In this paper, we present the results of a series of visualization experiments carried out in high-pressure transparent micromodels to investigate the performance of subcritical CO2 and CO2-foam injection in heavy oil. Pore-scale interactions of CO2-foam/surfactant/heavy oil and mechanisms of displacement, flow and oil recovery are presented through vivid micromodel images. The results show that in addition to increasing sweep efficiency, there are also microscopic mechanisms taking place during the displacement of oil by CO2-foam that can significantly impact the performance of foam injection in heavy oil reservoirs. Furthermore, we reveal that the displacement efficiency strongly depends on the stability of the foam and if strong foam is not formed, it will drop drastically. The results of these direct visualization experiments improve our understanding of the process of heavy oil recovery by CO2-foam injection under various injection strategies. Extended CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs can offer a viable method for increasing heavy oil recovery. It can also be used as a method for combining EOR and CO2 storage by capturing CO2 from nearby industrial sources (e.g., steam generator for nearby steam-based heavy oil recovery method).