bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The International Economic Crisis and the Crisis of Economics
Authors: Kotios Angelos , Galanos George 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explore the correlation between the recent economic crisis and economic science and demystify the dogmatic conflict surrounding them. The paper starts by summarising the various arguments against economic science and economists, considered by many to be responsible for the crisis. Following that, an attempt is made, subject to space constraints, to objectively evaluate the individual arguments. Particular reference is made to the role of both policy and the markets in the crisis and the prospects for replacing the neoclassicist school, dominant until now, with the Keynesian. The analysis concludes that economic science did not cause the crisis; however, many of its theories did offer an intellectual background or some sort of academic legitimacy to both policy and the markets, and, in the case of the recent crisis, there was not only a failure of the dominant form of economic thought but, above all, of those two. The analysis shows that there is a problem of selective use of economic theories when it comes to practical economics and that, in order to be useful, economics ought to utilise knowledge from other disciplines and take more account of interdependencies between political and social phenomena.
The Impact of a Large Parental Leave Benefit Reform on the Timing of Birth around the Day of Implementation*
Authors: Tamm Marcus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe introduction of the German parental leave benefit (Elterngeld) applied to all children born on 1 January, 2007 or later. The Elterngeld considerably changed the amount of transfers to families during the first two years postpartum. We show that the incentives created by using a cut‐off date led more than 1,000 parents to postpone the delivery of their children from December 2006 to January 2007. Concerning potential adverse impacts on health outcomes of children we find a slight increase in average birth weight and the rate of children with high birth weight (>4,000 g).
Regulatory Pressure and Bank Directors’ Incentives to Attend Board Meetings
Authors: Adams Renée Birgit , Ferreira Daniel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe primary way in which directors obtain necessary information is by attending board meetings. Bank directors, in particular, are strongly urged to attend meetings by regulators. We investigate whether such pressure is sufficient for bank directors to have good attendance records. Using data on whether directors were named in proxy statements as attending fewer meetings than they were supposed to, we find that (1) bank directors appear to have worse attendance records than their counterparts in nonfinancial firms, (2) their attendance behavior is related to explicit and implicit incentives for attendance, and (3) past attendance records are not related to the likelihood a director departs the board. Our results suggest that explicit and implicit incentives may provide important complements to regulatory pressure in influencing director behavior.
Getting what you pay for: the challenge of measuring success in conservation
Authors: Jones J. P. G. 
Published: June 2012

Read the Feature Paper: Evaluating indices of conservation success: a comparative analysis of outcome‐ and output‐based indicesOther Commentaries on this paper: How can we sell evaluating, analyzing and synthesizing to young scientists?Response from the authors: The view from the office is not all bad: conservation evaluation as a ‘sexy’ research goal
Effect of social system on allosuckling and adoption in zebras
Authors: Olléová M. , Pluháček J. , King S. R. B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough nursing non‐filial offspring (allonursing) represents costly behaviour to the female, it occurs in a variety of taxa, including ungulates. The only three currently existing species of zebra differ in their ecology and social system. In the wild, mountain zebra Equus zebra and Grevy's zebra Equus grevyi live in arid environments, while plains zebra Equus quagga inhabit savannahs. Mountain and plains zebra mares form long‐term stable herds associated with a social hierarchy, whereas Grevy's zebra mares form loose associations of short duration. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of allosuckling in three zebra species at the Dvůr Králové Zoo, Czech Republic, during 1626 h of observation. We recorded no successful allosuckling bouts and only 1 and 22 attempts to allosuckle by foals of mountain and plains zebra, respectively, whereas we observed 117 attempts and 13 successful allosuckling bouts by Grevy's zebra foals. Moreover, more than half of all observed Grevy's zebra foals succeeded in allosuckling at least once. When rejecting an allosuckling attempt, Grevy's zebra mares were less aggressive than mountain and plains zebra mares. When a Grevy's zebra mare allowed occasional allosuckling by a non‐filial foal, the probability of long‐term allosuckling was smaller than that in mountain and plains zebra. We also present the first evidence of adoption in Grevy's zebra. We suggest that higher tolerance towards non‐filial offspring, including the occurrence of allosuckling in Grevy's zebra, was affected by the different social systems of zebra species.
Needle electromyography at 1 month predicts paralysis of elbow flexion at 3 months in obstetric brachial plexus lesions
Authors: VAN DIJK J GERT , PONDAAG WILLEM , BUITENHUIS SONJA M , VAN ZWET ERIK W , MALESSY MARTIJN J A 
Published: June 2012

Aim  Treatment decisions in obstetric brachial plexus lesions are often based on clinical paralysis of elbow flexion at 3 months of age, when electromyography (EMG) is misleading because motor unit potentials (MUPs) occur in clinically paralytic muscles. We investigated whether EMG at 1 week or 1 month identifies infants with flexion paralysis at 3 months, allowing early referral.Method  Forty‐eight infants (27 females, 21 males) were prospectively studied. The presence or absence of flexion paralysis at around 1 week (median 9d; range 5–17d), 1 month (median 31d; range 24–53d), and 3 months of age (median 87d; range 77–106d) was noted for clinical (shoulder external rotation, elbow flexion, extension, and supination) and EMG parameters (denervation activity, MUPs and polyphasic MUPs in the deltoid, biceps, and triceps muscles).Results  At 1 month, the absence of biceps MUPs had a sensitivity of 95% for later flexion paralysis, and absence of deltoid MUPs had a sensitivity of 100% for flexion paralysis; the false‐positive rates for the same findings were 21% and 33% respectively. EMG at 3 months was highly misleading as MUPs were seen in 19 of 20 clinically paralytic biceps muscles.Interpretation  EMG at 1 month can identify severe cases of flexion paralysis for early referral EMG of the biceps at 3 months is highly misleading; the discrepancy between the EMG and clinical testing may be due to abnormal axonal branching and aberrant central motor control.
Repeatability of corneal biomechanical measurements in children wearing spectacles and orthokeratology lenses
Authors: Hon Ying , Cheung Sin W , Cho Pauline , Lam Andrew KC 
Published: June 2012

Citation information: Hon Y, Cheung SW, Cho P & Lam AKC. Repeatability of corneal biomechanical measurements in children wearing spectacles and orthokeratology lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 349–354. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00920.xAbstractPurpose:  To determine the repeatability of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) measurements in children wearing spectacles and children under orthokeratology (ortho‐k) therapy using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).Methods:  CH and CRF were measured twice at a 10‐min interval using ORA on the same day in both eyes of 25 children (mean age = 10.6 ± 1.2 years) wearing spectacles and 34 children (mean age = 10.9 ± 1.0 years) wearing ortho‐k lenses. Four measurements were obtained from each eye in each set of measurements. Only data from the right eyes were analyzed.Results:  No significant between‐measurement differences in CH and CRF were found in either group of subjects (paired t‐tests, p > 0.05) and no correlations were found between the mean differences and their means (Pearson’s correlations, −0.09 < r < 0.21, 0.24 < p < 0.85). The 95% limits of agreement (LA) were −1.87 mmHg to +2.59 mmHg and −1.53 mmHg to +1.41 mmHg for CH and −1.86 mmHg to +2.22 mmHg and −1.45 mmHg to +1.57 mmHg for CRF in the spectacle and ortho‐k groups, respectively. A significant between‐group difference in CRF was found (unpaired t‐tests, p = 0.02).Conclusions:  Repeatability of CH and CRF measurements using the ORA is within ±2 mmHg in children wearing spectacles or ortho‐k lenses. We suggest that the ORA can be used to monitor long‐term corneal biomechanical changes during ortho‐k treatment.
DO INSTITUTIONS PREFER HIGH‐VALUE ACQUIRERS? AN ANALYSIS OF TRADING IN STOCK‐FINANCED ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Burch Timothy R. , Nanda Vikram , Silveri Sabatino 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIf owners of target shares in a stock‐for‐stock merger perceive the acquirer as overvalued, they should sell their holdings more aggressively to profit before such overvaluation dissipates. We study institutional owners of targets and find that slightly more than half liquidate their shares in stock mergers, consistent with high institutional‐share turnover rates found in the prior literature. However, share retention is higher when valuation measures suggest greater acquirer overvaluation, regardless of whether institutional owners generally prefer growth or value stock. Institutions that prefer large‐cap, growth stock are most enthusiastic about bids from large, high‐valuation acquirers, and substantially increase their stakes in such deals.
Internal Conflict, the International Community and the Promotion of Principled Compromise
Authors: Jones Peter , O'Flynn Ian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe international community has many reasons to promote compromise between the parties to internal conflicts. Yet to do so effectively, the international community ought to treat principled rather than strategic compromise as its default position. To make this case, we begin by defining ‘compromise’ and by distinguishing principled from strategic compromise. We then defend the idea of principled compromise against the realist who thinks that that idea is implausible. We conclude by offering a number of practical reasons why principled compromise ought to be preferred. Our argument does not deny that strategic compromise will sometimes be the only option. But, unlike principled compromise, strategic compromise does not provide the parties with any particular reason to look beyond their own particular concerns or to give any ground beyond what is absolutely necessary.
Gossip as News: On Modern U.S. Celebrity Culture and Journalism
Authors: Feeley Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractScholars over the last half‐century have begun to explore how gossip – spoken, printed, broadcast, or blogged – can serve to challenge, support, and/or reflect social, cultural, and political norms and ideals. Of particular interest here is how gossip, as amplified by the 20th‐ and 21st‐century mass media, has transformed journalistic practice and the nature of public life in the United States. In the last decade, scholarship on the history of U.S. celebrity gossip culture and journalism has come of age; the much‐studied classical Hollywood era has come under closer scrutiny, while study of the pre‐ and post‐classical Hollywood periods has emerged to enrich our understanding of the production, distribution, and consumption of such news. An interdisciplinary and transnational literature, this body of work challenges old binaries of ‘hard’ versus ‘soft’ news to consider instead the long‐term impact of celebrity journalism on modern meanings of selfhood and nationhood. These contributions to U.S. cultural, social, journalism, women’s and gender, and media history explore what it means to be a celebrated figure in modern America and the ever‐evolving media individuals, institutions, products, and practices that produce and manage celebrity. Work remains to be done to explore fully how U.S. legal and political change has effected the development of celebrity journalism; the racial, ethnic, and sexual politics of celebrity gossip also deserve more in‐depth analysis. We also await more work on the challenges and changes (or not) in the production, distribution, and consumption of gossip in this age of New Media.
Heritability of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and association with abnormal vascular parameters: A twin study
Authors: Tarnoki Adam D. , Tarnoki David L. , Bata Pal , Littvay Levente , Osztovits Janos , Jermendy Gyorgy , Karlinger Kinga , Lannert Agnes , Preda Istvan , Kiss Robert G. , Molnar Andrea A. , Garami Zsolt , Baffy Gyorgy , Berczi Viktor 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, genetic factors have an unclear role in this condition.AimsTo analyse heritability of NAFLD and its association with abnormal vascular parameters in a large twin cohort.MethodsAnthropometric and lipid metabolic parameters were obtained from 208 adult Hungarian twins (63 monozygotic and 41 dizygotic pairs; 58 men and 150 women; age 43.7 ± 16.7 years). B‐mode ultrasonography was performed to detect steatosis and categorize severity. Brachial and aortic augmentation indices and aortic pulse wave velocity were assessed using oscillometry (TensioMed Arteriograph). Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured using ultrasonography on the proximal common, distal common and internal carotid arteries.ResultsNAFLD was identified in 47 subjects (22.6%), of which 44 (93.6%) had mild and 3 (6.4%) had moderate steatosis. These subjects were older (age: 50.9 ± 14.3 vs. 41.5 ± 16.7 years, P < 0.001) and had a higher body mass index (BMI; 30.1 ± 5.2 vs. 24.6 ± 4.1 km/m2, P < 0.001) than non‐NAFLD twins. Based on 91 same‐sex twin pairs, heritability analysis indicated no discernible role for genetic components in the presence of NAFLD (95% confidence interval, 0.0–36.0%), while shared and unshared environmental effects accounted for 74.2% and 25.8% of variations adjusted for age and BMI. Augmentation indices and carotid IMT in twins with NAFLD were increased at most examined locations (P < 0.05–P < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings do not support heritability of NAFLD, although it coexists with vascular parameters linked to increased cardiovascular risk, underscoring the importance and value of prevention in this very common disorder.
Collateral‐free lending with risk‐contingent credit for agricultural development: indemnifying loans against pulse crop price risk in India
Authors: Shee Apurba , Turvey Calum G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of collateral‐free lending in the context of agricultural development. We investigate a viable alternative to traditional credit products through the development of risk‐contingent credit for operating loans and farm mortgages and apply the concept to agricultural loans for pulse crops in India. Risk‐contingent credit mitigates business and financial risk by reducing debt obligations depending on the embedded commodity options whose payoffs are linked with commodity price fluctuations. We analyze daily commodity spot prices for pulse crops in India and show how risk‐contingent structured financial instruments can be priced in practice.
The role of tissue factor and protease‐activated receptor 2 in endometriosis
Authors: Lin Min , Weng Huinan , Wang Xuefeng , Zhou Bing , Yu Ping , Wang Yifeng 
Published: June 2012

ProblemLittle is known about the roles of TF and PAR‐2 in endometriosis. This article investigated the expression of TF and PAR‐2 in ectopic and eutopic endometrium with endometriosis and their relationship with the menstrual cycle.MethodsEctopic and eutopic endometrium tissues from 42 women with ovarian endometrioma and endometrium tissues from 20 women without endometriosis were obtained. All the samples were assessed for TF and PAR‐2 protein location using immunohistochemistry and for relative TF and PAR‐2 mRNA expression using real‐time florescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ‐PCR).ResultsTotal TF and PAR‐2 expression were significantly higher in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis when compared with controls. Moreover, TF expression in ectopic and eutopic endometrium and PAR‐2 expression in ectopic endometrium were significantly increased through the whole menstrual cycle. However, in eutopic endometrium with endometriosis, PAR‐2 expression only in secretory phase was higher than its cycle‐matched normal controls. There is no such difference in the proliferative phase.ConclusionThe abnormal co‐upregulated expression of TF and PAR‐2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium may affect the development and growth of endometriotic lesions and highlighted the pathologic role of TF and PAR‐2 in eutopic endometrium in endometriosis.
Objectives and applications of phenotyping network set‐up for livestock
Authors: HOCQUETTE Jean‐François , CAPEL Carine , DAVID Valérie , GUÉMENÉ Daniel , BIDANEL Joël , PONSART Claire , GASTINEL Pierre‐Louis , BAIL Pierre‐Yves Le , MONGET Philippe , MORMÈDE Pierre , BARBEZANT Maurice , GUILLOU Florian , PEYRAUD Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTProviding phenotypic information, which is accurate, reliable, repeatable and comparable across countries or laboratories, is critical to gain a better understanding of the relationship between genes and phenotypes. So far, it is indeed extremely difficult to combine different sources of phenotypic data from multiple origins, partly because of the variability in the methods of phenotyping. The phenotyping program of livestock involves the definition of complex phenotypes obtained from data integration at different levels (from molecules to herds), the implementation of the latest technologies to accurately characterize at high speed and low cost, the greatest number of animals in a better characterized environment, and the development and sharing of large databases for data analysis and modeling. Such a program also involves the construction of a coordinated network of research and professional facilities and a common language with shared definition of unambiguous animal traits and of methods to assess them. To this end, it will build on the ‘Animal Trait Ontology of Livestock’ (ATOL) project with the objective of defining precisely the phenotypes of interest for farm animals. Then, it will be necessary to combine an environmental information system related to animal husbandry and associated methods to capture the phenotypic differences between animals.
Distribution of protein disulfide isomerase during maturation of pig oocytes
Authors: OHASHI Yumi , HOSHINO Yumi , TANEMURA Kentaro , SATO Eimei 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTOocyte maturation in mammals is characterized by a dramatic reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In mice, the ER forms accumulations in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and distinctive cortical clusters in metaphase II (MII) of the oocyte. Multiple evidence suggests that this ER distribution is important in preparing the oocyte for Ca2+ oscillations, which trigger oocyte activation at fertilization. In this study, we investigated the time course and illustrated the possible functional role of ER distribution during maturation of porcine oocytes by immunostaining with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). PDI forms clusters in the cytoplasm of oocytes. After immunostaining, PDI clusters were identified throughout the cytoplasm from the GV to metaphase I (MI) stage; however, at the MII stage, the PDI formed large clusters (1–2 µm) in the animal pole around the first polar body. PDI distribution was prevented by bacitracin, a PDI inhibitor. Our experiments indicated that, during porcine oocyte maturation, PDI undergoes a dramatic reorganization. This characteristic distribution is different from that in the mouse oocyte. Moreover, our study suggested that formation of PDI clusters in the animal pole is a specific characteristic of matured porcine oocytes.
Exploring Women’s Postpartum Sexuality: Social, Psychological, Relational, and Birth-Related Contextual Factors
Authors: Hipp Lauren E. , Kane Low Lisa , van Anders Sari M. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women’s postpartum sexuality can be influenced by factors related to physical, personal, and relationship transitions after the newborn arrives. Despite this, many experiential and social factors remain unexplored.

Aims
This study aims to (i) investigate a range of variables thought to influence postpartum sexuality; (ii) expand the focus beyond latency to penis–vagina intercourse; and (iii) assess positive aspects of postpartum sexuality.

Methods
Via retrospective reporting on the first 3 months postpartum, 304 women completed an online questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures were retrospective reports of sexual desire (Sexual Desire Inventory), latency to resumption of sexual activity, and perceptions of partner’s sexual desire. Other measures were birth experience (Questionnaire Measuring Attitudes About Labor and Delivery), breastfeeding status, perceptions of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and body image (Body Image Self-Consciousness Scale).

Results
Significant differences in time to resumption were found. Women performed oral sex on their partners earlier than engaging in masturbation, which was followed by intercourse and then receiving oral sex. Post hoc analyses identified birth experience, social support, importance of partner’s sexual fulfillment, and perception of partner’s desire as contributors to this pattern. Women’s postpartum sexual desire was influenced by their perceptions of their partner’s postpartum sexuality and individual’s level of fatigue. Results suggested that postpartum desire was not significantly influenced by breastfeeding status, vaginal issues, or psychosocial variables including stress, body image, or social support.

Conclusion
Results suggest that women’s perceptions of their partner’s sexuality impact postpartum sexuality more than the physical factors most commonly studied (e.g., vaginal trauma and breastfeeding). These results portray postpartum sexuality as a multidimensional phenomenon and highlight the need for further research that addresses its social context.
Recognition of HLA‐A*24:137 allele in a Taiwanese unrelated bone marrow stem cell donor and the plausible HLA haplotype associated with A*24:137
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Kao R. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryWe detected a rare HLA‐A*24:137 allele in an unrelated Taiwanese haematopoietic stem cell donor during a routine SBT (sequence‐based typing) HLA typing exercise. The DNA sequence of A*24:137 is identical to the sequence of A*24:02:01:01 in exons 2 and 3 except at codon 21 where CGC was replaced with CAA. The DNA variation caused an amino acid alteration at amino acid residue 21 (R‐>Q). The HLA haplotype in association with A*24:137 may be deduced as A*24:137‐B*15‐DRB1*14. The formation of A*24:137 was probably the result of a nucleotide point mutation involving A*24:02:01:01. It remains to be determined whether A*24:137 is restricted to Taiwanese/Chinese ethnicity.