bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scope Ambiguities in Large Language Models
Authors: Kamath Gaurav , Schuster Sebastian , Vajjala Sowmya , Reddy Siva 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sentences containing multiple semantic operators with overlapping scope often create ambiguities in interpretation, known as scope ambiguities. These ambiguities offer rich insights into the interaction between semantic structure and world knowledge in language processing. Despite this, there has been little research into how modern large language models treat them. In this paper, we investigate how different versions of certain autoregressive language models—GPT-2, GPT-3/3.5, Llama 2, and GPT-4—treat scope ambiguous sentences, and compare this with human judgments. We introduce novel datasets that contain a joint total of almost 1,000 unique scope-ambiguous sentences, containing interactions between a range of semantic operators, and annotated for human judgments. Using these datasets, we find evidence that several models (i) are sensitive to the meaning ambiguity in these sentences, in a way that patterns well with human judgments, and (ii) can successfully identify human-preferred readings at a high level of accuracy (over 90% in some cases).1
Climate and Kidney Injury: A Look at the Impact of Meteorological Factors on Kidney Function within Colorado
Authors: Macaluso Francesca , Vaughn Amber , Wheat Stefan , Hamman Richard F. , James Katherine A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are serious health conditions with an enormous global health burden. There is evidence to suggest that CKD rates are increasing within the United States despite declines in traditional risk factors for kidney injury and disease, disproportionately impacting certain populations. Changes in meteorological factors because of climate change may be partially responsible for this increase in kidney injury. This study evaluated the association between AKI and meteorological factors controlling for demographic and health factors among adults within the San Luis Valley, Colorado, a rural, biethnic agrarian community at increased risk for health impacts from climate change, over a 15-yr period. Relative humidity was a significant predictor of AKI controlling for age, sex, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes. Changing weather patterns may increase the risk of AKI and the subsequent development of CKD within the United States. These findings may help public health practitioners and medical professionals to identify populations at risk of incurring acute or chronic kidney injury as seasonal weather patterns change. Further research should investigate the role of heat, heat stress, and dehydration in developing CKD in the United States.
Impact of intimate partner violence on quality of life and disease activity in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Campos-Tinajero Emmanuel , Ortiz-Nuño Maria Fernanda , Flores-Gutierrez Diana Paola , Esquivel-Valerio Jorge Antonio , Garcia-Arellano Gisela , Cardenas-de la Garza Jesus Alberto , Aguilar-Rivera Estefania , Galarza-Delgado Dionicio A , Serna-Peña Griselda 
Published: June 2024

Objective Stress and trauma are psychosocial factors with an impact on the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The influence of violence on SLE has not been entirely explored, even though women (including patients with rheumatic diseases) are a vulnerable population to any form of violence. This study aims to assess the prevalence and impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on health-related quality of life in women with SLE. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted at a rheumatology clinic of a university hospital from September 2022 and September 2023. We evaluated the presence of IPV in 85 women with SLE with the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with Harm and Screamed at (HITS) questionnaire and the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), and quality of life with LupusQoL. Results The prevalence by HITS score of past-year IPV was 24.4% and of lifetime IPV was 36.5%. Past-year non-physical violence was present in 17.1% of patients by ISA, and 27.1% were victims in their lifetime. While in physical violence, 7.3% were victims in the previous year and 21.2% in their lifetime. The total quality of life and the emotional domain by LupusQoL were diminished in victims of past-year IPV, compared to those who weren’t exposed ( p = .018 and p = .036, respectively). Past-year HITS score correlated with the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) (rho = 0.301, p = .006), while lifetime HITS score correlated with PGA (rho = 0.329, p = .002) and SLEDAI-2K (rho = 0.277, p = .010). Conclusion We found that one in four women suffered IPV in the previous year, and those who were exposed had diminished quality of life. Also, the severity of the abuse correlated with disease activity. Our findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive care for patients with SLE.
Does Mandala Art Therapy Improve Psychological Well-Being of Gynecological Cancer Patients During the Perioperative Period? A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mengqin Zhang , Xing Liu , Yan Huang , Jianhua Ren 
Published: June 2024

Background: Women with gynecological cancer often experience psychological distress, particularly in response to surgical procedures. The impact of mandala art therapy (MAT) during the perioperative period for gynecological cancer patients remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the effects of the MAT program in women with gynecological cancer. Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design, we recruited 126 gynecological cancer patients from a university hospital through convenience sampling. Participants were assigned to either receive the MAT program or standard perioperative care. The interventions comprised a three-session MAT program guided by a team of trained mandala psychologists. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze the effects of MAT over time. Results: A total of 126 patients were enrolled, and 118 completed the entire study. Over 90% of participants completed the perioperative MAT interventions, reporting relatively high satisfaction with the program (7.70 out of 10). Individuals in the MAT group exhibited improved therapeutic effects on STAI-S, VASS, and vital signs over time. Notably, significant group*time interaction effects were noted in STAI-S scores at both the first evaluation, T1 (β = −4.220, P < .005) and the third evaluation, T3 (β = −3.797, P < .05), and VASS scores at T1 (β = −11.186, P < .005), T2 (β = −9.915, P < .05) and T3 (β = −9.831, P < .05). Regarding vital signs, the multivariate GEE model revealed significant interaction effects in systolic blood pressure values at both T1 (β = −7.102, P < .05) and T3 (β = −10.051, P < .005), diastolic blood pressure values at T3 (β = −6.441, P < .005), and pulse values at T1 (β = −6.085, P < .005). No significant differences were observed between groups for pain, hope, or self-acceptance. Conclusion: This study posited that MAT could serve as a valuable complementary approach in perioperative care for addressing the psychological needs of women with gynecological cancer. Subsequent research employing more robust methodologies and larger, more diverse participant samples will be necessary to validate these conclusions.
CYP2E1 deficit mediates cholic acid-induced malignant growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Hao Zhiwei , Liu Xuemin , He Huanhuan , Wei Zhixuan , Shu Xiji , Wang Jianzhi , Sun Binlian , Zhou Hongyan , Wang Jiucheng , Niu Ying , Hu Zhiyong , Hu Shaobo , Liu Yuchen , Fu Zhengqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Increased level of serum cholic acid (CA) is often accompanied with decreased CYP2E1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the roles of CA and CYP2E1 in hepatocarcinogenesis have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CYP2E1 and CA in HCC cell growth.

Methods
The proteomic analysis of liver tumors from DEN-induced male SD rats with CA administration was used to reveal the changes of protein expression in the CA treated group. The growth of CA-treated HCC cells was examined by colony formation assays. Autophagic flux was assessed with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of CYP2E1, mTOR, AKT, p62, and LC3II/I. A xenograft tumor model in nude mice was used to examine the role of CYP2E1 in CA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The samples from HCC patients were used to evaluate the clinical value of CYP2E1 expression.

Results
CA treatment significantly increased the growth of HCC cells and promoted xenograft tumors accompanied by a decrease of CYP2E1 expression. Further studies revealed that both in vitro and in vivo, upregulated CYP2E1 expression inhibited the growth of HCC cells, blocked autophagic flux, decreased AKT phosphorylation, and increased mTOR phosphorylation. CYP2E1 was involved in CA-activated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling. Finally, decreased CYP2E1 expression was observed in the tumor tissues of HCC patients and its expression level in tumors was negatively correlated with the serum level of total bile acids (TBA) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).

Conclusions
CYP2E1 downregulation contributes to CA-induced HCC development presumably through autophagy regulation. Thus, CYP2E1 may serve as a potential target for HCC drug development.
Differentiated impact of low-exhaust-emission vehicles on NO$$_\text {2}$$ and particle concentrations in the Paris region
Authors: Sarica Thibaud , Chaillou Christophe , Roustan Yelva , Larrieu Clément , Wali Salah-Eddine , Sartelet Karine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigher concentrations of air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO$$_\text {2}$$

2

) and particulate matter (PM), are observed in streets compared to the urban background. These concentrations could be predominantly attributed to road traffic, which remains an important source despite relentless efforts. In this study, performed over the Paris area, the impacts of the evolution of the fleet composition on urban air quality down to the street scale is assessed with two scenarios assuming the introduction of very-low-emission vehicles. Exhaust emission factors for these vehicles are based on the improvement of engine and after-treatment technologies, leading to factors lower than those proposed for the European emission standard Euro 7. Using the year 2014 as the baseline, very-low-emission vehicles are introduced up to the year 2030 for the Paris region. NO$$_\text {2}$$

2

emissions are thus reduced by 68 % in streets, and concentrations by 53 %. However, PM concentration reduction is limited to 18 % in streets as non-exhaust emissions from tyre and brake wear and road abrasion are preponderant. PM emissions from non-exhaust sources represent 59 % of the total road-traffic emission of PM in 2014 and 89 % in 2030. Non-regulated pollutant concentrations are also reduced, by 42 % for black carbon and 30 % for organic matter. Considering only very-low-emission and electric vehicles in the fleet further reduce NO$$_\text {2}$$

2

emissions and concentrations by 99.5 % and 80 % respectively. PM concentrations are only reduced by 22 %. This study highlights the high reduction potential of NO$$_\text {2}$$

2

concentrations with very-low-emission and electric vehicles, because of reduction of exhaust emissions. However, difficulties remain to reduce PM concentrations in urban areas, with the large majority of PM traffic emissions coming from non-exhaust sources.
Effects of endurance training under calorie restriction on energy substrate metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle and liver
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Kitaoka Yu , Hatta Hideo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigated whether calorie restriction (CR) enhances metabolic adaptations to endurance training (ET). Ten-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed ad libitum or subjected to 30% CR. The mice were subdivided into sedentary and ET groups. The ET group performed treadmill running (20–25 m/min, 30 min, 5 days/week) for 5 weeks. We found that CR decreased glycolytic enzyme activity and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4 protein content, while enhancing glucose transporter 4 protein content in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Although ET and CR individually increased citrate synthase activity in the plantaris muscle, the ET-induced increase in respiratory chain complex I protein content was counteracted by CR. In the soleus muscle, mitochondrial enzyme activity and protein levels were increased by ET, but decreased by CR. It has been suggested that CR partially interferes with skeletal muscle adaptation to ET.
Potential role of salivary lactic acid bacteria in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus
Authors: Ren Xiaomeng , Li Dan , Zhou Mimi , Hua Hong , Li Chunlei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence emphasized the role of oral microbiome in oral lichen planus (OLP). To date, no dominant pathogenic bacteria have been identified consistently. It is noteworthy that a decreased abundance of Streptococcus, a member of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in OLP patients has been commonly reported, indicating its possible effect on OLP. This study aims to investigate the composition of LAB genera in OLP patients by high-throughput sequencing, and to explore the possible relationship between them.

Methods
We collected saliva samples from patients with OLP (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 22) and performed 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In addition, the abundance of LAB genera was comprehensively analyzed and compared between OLP and HC group. To verify the expression of Lactococcus lactis, real time PCR was conducted in buccal mucosa swab from another 14 patients with OLP and 10 HC. Furthermore, the correlation was conducted between clinical severity of OLP and LAB.

Results
OLP and HC groups showed similar community richness and diversity. The members of LAB, Lactococcus and Lactococcus lactis significantly decreased in saliva of OLP cases and negatively associated with OLP severity. In addition, Lactococcus and Lactococcus lactis showed negative relationship with Fusobacterium and Aggregatibacter, which were considered as potential pathogens of OLP. Similarly, compared with healthy controls, the amount of Lactococcus lactis in mucosa lesion of OLP patients was significantly decreased.

Conclusions
A lower amount of Lactococcus at genus level, Lactococcus lactis at species level was observed in OLP cases and associated with disease severity. Further studies to verify the relationship between LAB and OLP, as well as to explore the precise mechanism is needed.
CD63 + tumor-associated macrophages drive the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lipid reprogramming
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Zhang Shuairan , Dong Hang , Jin Xiuli , Sun Jing , Zhou Haonan , Jin Yifan , Li Yiling , Wu Gang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a substantial part of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was devised to explore TAM diversity and their roles in HCC progression.

Methods
Through the integration of multiple 10 × single-cell transcriptomic data derived from HCC samples and the use of consensus nonnegative matrix factorization (an unsupervised clustering algorithm), TAM molecular subtypes and expression programs were evaluated in detail. The roles played by these TAM subtypes in HCC were further probed through pseudotime, enrichment, and intercellular communication analyses. Lastly, vitro experiments were performed to validate the relationship between CD63, which is an inflammatory TAM expression program marker, and tumor cell lines.

Results
We found that the inflammatory expression program in TAMs had a more obvious interaction with HCC cells, and CD63, as a marker gene of the inflammatory expression program, was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Both bulk RNA-seq and vitro experiments confirmed that higher TAM CD63 expression was associated with the growth of HCC cells as well as their epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, invasion, and the reprogramming of lipid metabolism.

Conclusions
These analyses revealed that the TAM inflammatory expression program in HCC is closely associated with malignant tumor cells, with the hub gene CD63 thus representing an ideal target for therapeutic intervention in this cancer type.
Predictive factors and adalimumab efficacy in managing chronic recurrence Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Feng Hui , Chen Weixin , Yang Jianzhu , Kong Haorong , Li Hongyu , He Yuan , Wang Hong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study explores prognostic factors influencing Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and observes the efficacy and safety of Adalimumab (ADA) in treating recurrence in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) patients.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with VKH disease at Beijing Tongren Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Clinical data included initial and final visual acuity, age, gender, ocular complications, treatment modalities, disease duration, and recurrence frequency.

Results
A total of 62 VKH patients were included, comprising 34 in the acute-resolved group and 28 in the chronic-recurrent group. The mean age of patients in the acute-resolved group was 38.29 ± 15.46 years, while the mean age of chronic-recurrent group had a 49.00 ± 16.43 years. Initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) examination at the first visit showed an average BCVA of 0.64 ± 0.29 logMAR in the acute-resolved group and 1.38 ± 0.54 logMAR in the chronic-recurrent group (p = 0.002). During follow-up, ocular complications were observed in 29.4% of the acute-resolved group patients and 41.7% of the chronic-recurrent group patients (P = 0.006). “Sunset glow fundus” was observed in 23.5% of the acute-resolved group and 64.3% of the chronic-recurrent group patients (P = 0.001). Poor initial BCVA (P = 0.046) and the occurrence of “sunset glow fundus” (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with progression to the chronic recurrent phase. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age at onset (P = 0.042) and the occurrence of “sunset glow fundus” (P = 0.037) were significant predictors for progression to the chronic recurrent phase. ADA significantly reduced anterior chamber inflammatory cells (P = 0.000) and vitreous cavity inflammatory cells (P = 0.001) in the chronic-recurrent group, and markedly decreased the recurrence rate in VKH patients (P = 0.009).

Conclusion
In comparison to acute-resolved patients, chronic-recurrent patients exhibited poorer initial BCVA and a significantly increased incidence of “sunset glow fundus.” Older age at onset and the occurrence of “sunset glow fundus” at diagnosis are crucial predictive factors for VKH patients progressing to the chronic recurrent phase. ADA effectively alleviates refractory VKH disease and is generally well-tolerated.
Examining the cross-sectional relationship of platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with depressive symptoms in adults in the United States
Authors: Ni Junjie , Wu Pu , Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Chaoyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aims
Herein, we examined the correlation between platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and symptoms of depression among United States adults.

Methods
Data acquired from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving individuals ≥ 20 years of age, with available PHR and depression diagnosis information. We employed weighted uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the distinct correlation between PHR and depressive symptoms. Additionally, we conducted subgroup, interaction, and restricted cubic spline analyses.

Results
In all, 28,098 subjects were recruited for analysis, with 8.04% depression status and 19.31 ± 0.11 mean PHR value. Depressive symptoms increased with higher quartiles of PHR. Following fully confounder adjustments in model 2, participants with the largest PHR quartiles exhibited a 53% (OR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.00–2.33, P = 0.05) raised depressive symptoms, relative to participants with least PHR quartiles. Based on the two-piece-wise regression, the breakpoint was PHR = 23.76, and a positive association was more evident when PHR < 23.76 (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02–1.10, P = 0.01). When PHR ≥ 23.76, the correlation disappeared (P = 0.85). Using subgroup and interaction analyses, we revealed a positive relationship between PHR and depressive symptoms almost consistent among various population settings.

Conclusions
A convenient biomarker, the PHR was independently associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms and may be a promising new bioindicator for the prediction of depression diagnosis.
From temperament to YouTube: exploring the link between childhood temperament, YouTube usage patterns, and emotional/behavioral problems among children
Authors: Kim Donghee , Lee Sangha , Kim Hyojin , Shin Yunmi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
YouTube is a widely used video sharing and social networking platform among children and adolescents. However, research on YouTube usage among this population remains scarce. Specifically, studies on factors that influence children and adolescents' usage are clinically significant but largely lacking. Additionally, few studies have examined the association between usage and emotional/behavioral problems, which is fundamental to smartphone research. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between early childhood temperament, subsequent YouTube usage patterns, and emotional/behavioral problems.

Methods
The Kids Cohort for Understanding Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood (K-CURE) is the first long-term prospective cohort study in Korea aimed at understanding the long-term effects of media exposure on young children. The study included 195 children aged 8–11 years enrolled in the K-CURE study. Caregivers, predominantly mothers, who voluntarily participated during their visits to community centers for children’s mental health in Korea’s major cities, completed a detailed self-administered survey. Childhood temperament was measured in 2018 when the children were 5–8 years old. Subsequent YouTube usage patterns and emotional/behavioral problems were assessed in 2021. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression.

Results
The study found that 21.0% of children started using YouTube before age 4, with the most common onset age being 8–9 years (30.3%). These children used YouTube on average 4.8 days per week for 68.5 min per day. Early childhood persistence was negatively associated with the subsequent YouTube usage duration, and the age at first YouTube use was negatively correlated with subsequent usage frequency. Furthermore, a younger age at first YouTube use and higher usage frequency were significantly associated with increased emotional/behavioral problems.

Conclusions
In the YouTube environment, where content is automatically recommended based on user preferences, traits related to usage patterns may be associated with persistence, which is linked to self-regulation. Considering the current trend where children use smartphones, contents frequently for very short durations, our findings highlight the importance of self-regulation in the media usage of children who are still developing. Additionally, our results provide fundamental information for future YouTube studies and illustrate similarities and differences between smartphone and YouTube research.