bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface currents shape protist community structure across the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Borbee Erin M. , Puspa Inna Ayu , Gelis Ester Restiana Endang , Setiawan Fahkrizal , Maduppa Hawis , Humphries Austin T. , Lane Christopher E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiogeographic structure in marine protist communities is shaped by a combination of dispersal potential and environmental selection. High‐throughput sequencing and global sampling efforts have helped better resolve the composition and functions of these communities in the world's oceans using both molecular and visual methods. However, molecular barcoding data are critically lacking across the Indo‐Pacific, a region widely considered the epicenter of marine biodiversity. To fill this gap, we characterized protist communities in four sampling regions across Indonesia that represent the latitudinal, longitudinal, and human population gradients of the region: Lombok, Wakatobi, Misool, and Waigeo. We show high spatial structuring in marine protist communities across Indonesia, and biotic factors appear to play little role in driving this observed structure. Our results appear to be driven by abiotic factors linked to surface current patterns across the Indo‐Pacific as a result of: (1) a choke point in circulation at the Indonesian Throughflow leading to low diatom diversity in Lombok, Wakatobi, and Misool; (2) an increase in nutrient availability at the edge of the Halmahera Eddy in Waigeo, leading to an increase in diatom diversity; and/or (3) seasonal variations in protist communities in line with shifts in velocity of the Indonesian Throughflow. Overall, our results highlight the importance of abiotic factors in shaping protist communities on broad geographic scales over biotic, top‐down pressures, such as grazing from higher trophic levels.
Optical soliton solutions and modulation instability for unstable conformable Schrödinger model
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Arqub Omar Abu , Alotaibi Fawziah M. 
Published: May 2024

The unstable time fractional Schrödinger model (UTFSM) is studied through the development of disturbances in marginally stable or unstable media. A modified Sardar-sub equation technique (MSSE) for a conformable fractional-order nonlinear evolution model is presented in this paper. The objective here is to construct new wave solutions for UTFSM. These solutions have particular relevance in quantum physics and assume several forms such as rational, exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, as well as combo solutions. This technique produces various shapes of dark, kink-type solitons and periodic solitary waves by setting proper parametric values. These discrete physical frameworks contribute to an understanding from analysis of unstable dynamical models. Additionally, we investigate modulation instability and stability analysis to ensure that obtained solutions are highly stable. The multiplicity of waves and solutions emphasizes how this technique can be used for different nonlinear fractional models in quantum physics and other areas.
CHIPing Away at Proteomics to Find Correlations with Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Bhalgat Avni M. , Taylor Justin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryPlasma proteomic profiling to identify associations with myeloid neoplasm (MN) risk highlights the potential of integrating proteins and genetic biomarkers for the detection of individuals at high risk of developing MN. These proteins also offer valuable insights into biological pathways and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the progression of clonal hematopoiesis to MN.See related article by Tran et al., p. 3220
Clinically Relevant Humanized Mouse Models of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Facilitate Therapeutic Evaluation
Authors: Kostlan Raymond J. , Phoenix John T. , Budreika Audris , Ferrari Marina G. , Khurana Neetika , Choi Jae E. , Juckette Kristin , Mahapatra Somnath , McCollum Brooke L. , Moskal Russell , Mannan Rahul , Qiao Yuanyuan , Vander Griend Donald J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kregel Steven 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is tremendous need for improved prostate cancer models. Anatomically and developmentally, the mouse prostate differs from the human prostate and does not form tumors spontaneously. Genetically engineered mouse models lack the heterogeneity of human cancer and rarely establish metastatic growth. Human xenografts are an alternative but must rely on an immunocompromised host. Therefore, we generated prostate cancer murine xenograft models with an intact human immune system (huNOG and huNOG-EXL mice) to test whether humanizing tumor-immune interactions would improve modeling of metastatic prostate cancer and the impact of androgen receptor-targeted and immunotherapies. These mice maintain multiple human immune cell lineages, including functional human T-cells and myeloid cells.
Implications: To the best of our knowledge, results illustrate the first model of human prostate cancer that has an intact human immune system, metastasizes to clinically relevant locations, responds appropriately to standard-of-care hormonal therapies, and can model both an immunosuppressive and checkpoint-inhibition responsive immune microenvironment.
Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Replication: Ca2+ Flares and Cl− Currents
Authors: Li Yunzhen , Sanchez Triviño Cesar Adolfo , Hernandez Andres , Mortal Simone , Spada Federica , Krivosheia Ilona , Franco Nicoletta , Spelat Renza , Cesselli Daniela , Manini Ivana , Skrap Miran , Menini Anna , Cesca Fabrizia , Torre Vincent 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the deadliest types of cancers, with no resolutive cure currently available. GBM cell proliferation in the patient’s brain is a complex phenomenon controlled by multiple mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ionic fluxes controlling cell duplication could represent a target for GBM therapy. In this work, we combined multi-channel Ca2+ and Cl− imaging, optical tweezers, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry to describe the role of ion fluxes in mediating the cell volume changes that accompany mitosis of U87 GBM cells. We identified three main steps: (i) in round GBM cells undergoing mitosis, during the transition from anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis, large Ca2+ flares occur, reaching values of 0.5 to 1 μmol/L; (ii) these Ca2+ flares activate Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels, allowing the entry of Cl− ions; and (iii) to maintain osmotic balance, GBM cells swell to complete mitosis. This sequence of steps was validated by electrophysiological experiments showing that Cl− channels are activated either directly or indirectly by Ca2+, and by additional live-cell imaging experiments. Cl− channel blockers with different molecular structures, such as niflumic acid and carbenoxolone, blocked GBM replication by arresting GBM cells in a round configuration. These results describe the central role of Ca2+ flares and Cl− fluxes during mitosis and show that inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels blocks GBM replication, opening the way to new approaches for the clinical treatment of GBM.
Implications: Our work identifies ionic fluxes occurring during cell division as targets for devising novel therapies for glioblastoma treatment.
Chinese Universities on the Global Stage: Perspectives from the Recent Past
Authors: Yeh Wen-hsin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Institutional reforms in higher education in China have produced impressive results both in the quality of scholarly work and the quantity of degree-holders. The higher-education system effectively complemented China's stellar economic transformation in the post-Mao decades. But it has yet to earn unalloyed admiration in the world of universities. This essay draws on my research as a historian of modern China and my time as faculty adviser on China engagement at the University of California, Berkeley. I argue that the rise in eminence of Chinese universities is about the system becoming more Western-oriented, more elitist in ethos, less overtly top-down in directives, and more techno-bureaucratic in means. The university system is also reaching an inflection point thanks to tension between ideologized cultural nationalism and headwinds on the course of further techno-professional internationalization.
The Liberal Arts in a Chinese Tech University: ShanghaiTech
Authors: Jiang Mianheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A newly founded, small-scale research university geared toward international standards and competitiveness, ShanghaiTech University has three STEM divisions (information science and technology, physical science and technology, and life science and technology) and three HASS divisions (creativity and arts, entrepreneurship and management, and the humanities). The university's undergraduate education receives its inspiration from the whole-person approach, and gives particular weight to a “broadly based and in-depth” pedagogical framework, in which the liberal arts make up an indispensable component. Through interdisciplinary curricular planning, small class sizes, emphasis on interaction and openness in learning, and international exchange programs, I explore effective measures to grow general education at ShanghaiTech as well as address challenges that are unique to a Chinese tech university.
Teaching for Synthesis at The London Interdisciplinary School
Authors: Gombrich Carl , Peterson Amelia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The London Interdisciplinary School (LIS) is a British higher-education institution that opened in 2021, with a base in Whitechapel, London. It seeks to advance higher education through innovation in curriculum, with the creation of two new degrees: the Bachelor's in Arts and Science (BASc) and Master's in Arts and Science (MASc). While a traditional liberal arts degree might expose students to a wide range of fields of knowledge, a particularly unique part of degrees at LIS is an explicit focus on knowledge synthesis across different disciplines and methods, allowing us to understand and tackle complex problems. In this essay, we describe the founding of LIS and then briefly detail three distinct aspects of teaching for synthesis. In contrast to a “bottom up” approach-which relies on interdisciplinarity to result incidentally from disciplinary combinations-this technique is part of a series of coherent actions that synthesize knowledge broadly across different disciplines and methods.
Newtonianism, Relationality, and the Ethical Intersubjectivity of Time
Authors: Gantt Edwin E. , Purtschert Emily , Aguirre Kiara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Insufficient attention has been paid to the ways in which Newtonian conceptualizations of time encourage the view in contemporary psychology that only efficient causal explanations are viable, explanations that ultimately render meaningful, purposive, morally rich human actions and relationships illusory. In short, psychology’s pervasive adoption of Newtonian assumptions about time and causation renders the discipline incapable of understanding human behavior, its primary focus of study, in any but fundamentally inhuman ways. This paper aims (1) to provide a critique of the Newtonian conception of time and its commitment to efficient causality, particularly as commonly present in contemporary psychological theory and practice, and (2) to examine the phenomenological account of time provided in the work of Emmanuel Levinas. Specifically, we will explore some of the ways in which Levinas’ account of time as fundamentally intersubjective provides an alternative conceptual grounding for understanding the therapeutic relationship as one of infinite ethical responsibility.
Novel therapeutic approaches in thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and other red cell disorders
Authors: Pinto Valeria Maria , Mazzi Filippo , De Franceschi Lucia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this last decade, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of hereditary red cell disorders and the development of novel classes of pharmacologic agents have provided novel therapeutic approaches to thalassemias, sickle cell disease (SCD), and other red cell disorders. Here, we analyze and discuss the novel therapeutic options according to their targets, taking into consideration the complex process of erythroid differentiation, maturation, and survival of erythrocytes in the peripheral circulation. We focus on active clinical exploratory and confirmatory trials on thalassemias, SCD, and other red cell disorders. Beside β-thalassemia and SCD, we found that the development of new therapeutic strategies has allowed for the design of clinic studies for hereditary red cell disorders still lacking valuable therapeutic alternative such as α-thalassemias, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, or Diamond-Blackfan anemia. In addition, reduction of heme synthesis, which can be achieved by the repurposed antipsychotic drug bitopertin, might affect not only hematological disorders but multiorgan diseases such as erythropoietic protoporphyria. Finally, our review highlights the current state of therapeutic scenarios, in which multiple indications targeting different red cell disorders are being considered for a single agent. This is a welcome change that will hopefully expand therapeutic option for patients affected by thalassemias, SCD, and other red cell disorders.
Heme-induced loss of renovascular endothelial protein C receptor promotes chronic kidney disease in sickle mice
Authors: Chen Qiyang , Hazra Rimi , Crosby Danielle , Lenhart Diane , Lenhart Shane C. , Mondal Paritosh , Zhang Yingze , Nouraie Seyed M. , Tan Roderick J. , Esmon Charles T. , Rao L. Vijay Mohan , Kim Kang , Ghosh Samit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). Anemia, induced by chronic persistent hemolysis, is associated with the progressive deterioration of renal health, resulting in CKD. Moreover, patients with SCD experience acute kidney injury (AKI), a risk factor for CKD, often during vaso-occlusive crisis associated with acute intravascular hemolysis. However, the mechanisms of hemolysis-driven pathogenesis of the AKI-to-CKD transition in SCD remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of increased renovascular rarefaction and the resulting substantial loss of the vascular endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in the progressive deterioration of renal function in transgenic SCD mice. Multiple hemolytic events raised circulating levels of soluble EPCR (sEPCR), indicating loss of EPCR from the cell surface. Using bone marrow transplantation and super-resolution ultrasound imaging, we demonstrated that SCD mice overexpressing EPCR were protective against heme-induced CKD development. In a cohort of patients with SCD, plasma sEPCR was significantly higher in individuals with CKD than in those without CKD. This study concludes that multiple hemolytic events may trigger CKD in SCD through the gradual loss of renovascular EPCR. Thus, the restoration of EPCR may be a therapeutic target, and plasma sEPCR can be developed as a prognostic marker for sickle CKD.
Interleukin-1–mediated hyperinflammation in XIAP deficiency is associated with defective autophagy
Authors: Dissanayake Dilan , Firouzabady Ashkan , Massumi Mohammad , de Paz Linares Guillermo A. , Marshall Christian , Freeman Spencer A. , Laxer Ronald M. , Yeung Rae S. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Deficiency of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a rare genetic condition that can present with recurrent episodes of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), though the exact mechanisms leading to this hyperinflammatory disorder are unclear. Understanding its biology is critical to developing targeted therapies for this potentially fatal disease. Here, we report on a novel multiexonic intragenic duplication leading to XIAP deficiency with recurrent HLH that demonstrated complete response to interleukin (IL)-1β blockade. We further demonstrate using both primary patient cells and genetically modified THP-1 monocyte cell lines that, contrary to what has previously been shown in mouse cells, XIAP-deficient human macrophages do not produce excess IL-1β when stimulated under standard conditions. Instead, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome–mediated hyperproduction of IL-1β is observed only when the XIAP-deficient cells are stimulated under autophagy-promoting conditions and this correlates with defective autophagic flux as measured by decreased accumulation of the early autophagy marker LC3-II. This work, therefore, highlights IL-1β blockade as a therapeutic option for patients with XIAP deficiency experiencing recurrent HLH and identifies a critical role for XIAP in promoting autophagy as a means of limiting IL-1β–mediated hyperinflammation during periods of cellular stress.
Pattern of uveitis in a referral ophthalmology center in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Wannapanich Trakanta , Chuenchaem Waraporn , Luanratanakorn Patanaree , Laovirojjanakul Wipada 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To report the characteristics and epidemiology of uveitis in a university-based referral center in northeastern Thailand and review the uveitis patterns present in various regions worldwide.

Methods
A retrospective review of all medical records for new patients visiting the uveitis clinic at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University, between August 2016 and June 2021, was conducted.

Results
A total of 522 uveitis patients were included in this study. Disease etiologies were categorized as non-infectious 35.8% (187/522), infectious 32.8% (171/522), and undetermined cause 31.4% (164/522). Specific diagnoses were established in 68.6% of cases. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) (14.2%) was identified as the most common specific diagnosis, and tuberculosis (6.7%) ranked highest among infectious causes.

Conclusions
Although non-infectious uveitis is observed predominantly in this region, the proportion of infectious uveitis is relatively more common than in developed countries. We have found no cause for one-third of our patients despite the utilization of PCR and serology for diagnostic purposes.
Identification of key genes controlling monoterpene biosynthesis of Citral-type Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl. Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling
Authors: Ling Qingyan , Zhang Beihong , Wang Yanbo , Xiao Zufei , Hou Jiexi , Liu Qingqing , Zhang Jie , Xiao Changlong , Jin Zhinong , Liu Yuanqiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe citral-type is the most common chemotype in Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl (C. bodinieri), which has been widely used in the daily necessities, cosmetics, biomedicine, and aromatic areas due to their high citral content. Despite of this economic prospect, the possible gene-regulatory roles of citral biosynthesis in the same geographic environment remains unknown. In this study, the essential oils (EOs) of three citral type (B1, B2, B3) and one non-citral type (B0) varieties of C. bodinieri were identified by GC-MS after hydrodistillation extraction in July. 43 components more than 0.10% were identified in the EOs, mainly composed of monoterpenes (75.8–91.84%), and high content citral (80.63–86.33%) were identified in citral-type. Combined transcriptome and metabolite profiling analysis, plant-pathogen interaction(ko04626), MAPK signaling pathway-plant(ko04016), starch and sucrose metabolism(ko00500), plant hormone signal transduction(ko04075), terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (ko00900) and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (ko00902) pathways were enriched significantly. The gene expression of differential genes were linked to the monoterpene content, and the geraniol synthase (CbGES), alcohol dehydrogenase (CbADH), geraniol 8-hydroxylase-like (CbCYP76B6-like) and 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cb10HGO) were upregulated in the citral-type, indicating that they were associated with high content of geraniol and citral. The activities of CbGES and CbADH in citral type were higher than in non-citral type, which was corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study on the accumulation mechanism of citral provides a theoretical basis for the development of essential oil of C. bodinieri.
Proteome profiling of Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 at 37 °C and 42 °C by label-free mass spectrometry
Authors: Dreyer Annika , Masanta Wycliffe O. , Lugert Raimond , Bohne Wolfgang , Groß Uwe , Leha Andreas , Dakna Mohammed , Lenz Christof , Zautner Andreas E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The main natural reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni is the avian intestinal tract. There, C. jejuni multiplies optimally at 42 °C – the avian body temperature. After infecting humans through oral intake, the bacterium encounters the lower temperature of 37 °C in the human intestinal tract. Proteome profiling by label-free mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) was performed to examine the processes which enable C. jejuni 81–176 to thrive at 37 °C in comparison to 42 °C. In total, four states were compared with each other: incubation for 12 h at 37 °C, for 24 h at 37 °C, for 12 h at 42 °C and 24 h at 42 °C.

Results
It was shown that the proteomic changes not only according to the different incubation temperature but also to the length of the incubation period were evident when comparing 37 °C and 42 °C as well as 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Altogether, the expression of 957 proteins was quantifiable. 37.1 − 47.3% of the proteins analyzed showed significant differential regulation, with at least a 1.5-fold change in either direction (i.e. log2 FC ≥ 0.585 or log2 FC ≤ -0.585) and an FDR-adjusted p-value of less than 0.05. The significantly differentially expressed proteins could be arranged in 4 different clusters and 16 functional categories.

Conclusions
The C. jejuni proteome at 42 °C is better adapted to high replication rates than that at 37 °C, which was in particular indicated by the up-regulation of proteins belonging to the functional categories “replication” (e.g. Obg, ParABS, and NapL), “DNA synthesis and repair factors” (e.g. DNA-polymerase III, DnaB, and DnaE), “lipid and carbohydrate biosynthesis” (e.g. capsular biosynthesis sugar kinase, PrsA, AccA, and AccP) and “vitamin synthesis, metabolism, cofactor biosynthesis” (e.g. MobB, BioA, and ThiE). The relative up-regulation of proteins with chaperone function (GroL, DnaK, ClpB, HslU, GroS, DnaJ, DnaJ-1, and NapD) at 37 °C in comparison to 42 °C after 12 h incubation indicates a temporary lower-temperature proteomic response. Additionally the up-regulation of factors for DNA uptake (ComEA and RecA) at 37 °C compared to 42 °C indicate a higher competence for the acquisition of extraneous DNA at human body temperature.