bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a new fibre metal laminate (FML) family on the base of Al‐Li‐Alloy with lower density
Authors: Antipov V.V. , Senatorova O.G. , Beumler T. , Ijpma M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe hybrid Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) GLARE (Glass Laminate Aluminium Reinforced Epoxy) is applied effectively by Airbus instead of monolithic aluminum alloys for lowering of weight and increase of the damage tolerance capability on the largest civil aircraft A‐380. Standard GLARE contains thin aluminum sheets of 2024T3 (duralumin type) alloy, which is used usually as a skin alloy because it provides high fatigue and damage tolerance properties as well as a high ductility. One of advanced ways of further FML development is an application of thin sheets from processable Al‐Li Russian high‐modulus (E = 80 GPa) 1441 alloy with lower density (d = 2.60 g/cm3). This results in further weight saving but also to an increase of stiffness of the FML‐structure by 5–7%. Investigations and tests of coupons, components, joints and panels from 1441‐FML are carried out by Airbus, Russian and Dutch partners. Various resins and glass fiber types were also used. It was shown that generally 1441‐FML properties can be compared to Standard GLARE, i. e. an 1‐to‐1 substitution of the 2024 sheets into 1441 sheets is an option in order to obtain the full weight saving advantage due to the density effect.
Group Decision Makers' Preferences Modelling within the Goal Programming Model: An Overview and a Typology
Authors: Munro Michelle , Aouni Belaïd 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe Goal Programming (GP) model is one of the first models that have been developed to deal with managerial decision‐making problems where several incommensurable and conflicting objectives are involved. The GP variants integrate the decision maker's preferences differently. This model has also been applied to group decision‐making situations. The aim of this paper is to propose a new typology based on preferences articulation of decision makers through the GP model. This typology is based on the articulation and the elucidation process of the group decision makers' preferences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On B1 inhomogeneity correction of in vivo human brain glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast at 7T
Authors: Singh Anup , Cai Kejia , Haris Mohammad , Hariharan Hari , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe effects of radio frequency field (B1) inhomogeneity on measured in vivo human brain glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast maps are normally confounded with contributions from chemical exchange saturation transfer, direct saturation and magnetization transfer effects. Consequently, the chemical exchange saturation transfer effect variation with B1 follows a complicated function and depends on the tissue types as well. In this work, we developed and tested a novel approach for B1 inhomogeneity correction based on acquiring calibration data at a coarsely sampled B1 values in conjunction with the measured B1 maps. With this approach, different calibration curves are derived for gray matter and white matter instead of a simple linear scaling based on local B1 values. Potential extensions of this approach to study chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast from other metabolites and tissue types are discussed. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3‐T proton magnetic spectroscopy in unmedicated first episode psychosis: A focus on creatine
Authors: Tibbo Philip G. , Bernier Denise , Hanstock Christopher C. , Seres Peter , Lakusta Bonnie , Purdon Scot E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDifferent lines of evidence suggest an abnormal cerebral energy metabolism as being critical to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it is unknown as to whether levels of creatine (Cr) would be involved in these anomalies. The study involved 33 unmedicated first episode psychosis patients and 41 healthy controls. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) was performed at 3 T using a long TE (TE/TM/TR of 240/27/3000 ms) such that within the total phosphocreatine (PCr) plus Cr signal (tCr240), mainly Cr was detectable. The target region was an 18 cm3 prefrontal volume. A negative association was found between age of patients and tCr240 levels referenced to internal water, with 20% of the variance in tCr240 accounted for by Age. A secondary finding revealed 16% reduction of tCr240 levels in patients, solely when comparing participants older than the median age of patients. No association existed between tCr240 levels and clinical variables. These findings support previous data reporting abnormalities in brain creatine kinase isoenzymes involved with the maintenance of energy pools in schizophrenia. The implications of using a long TE are discussed in terms of the relative proportions of Cr and PCr within the tCr240 signal, and of potential group differences in T2 times. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution slice‐selective Fourier velocity encoding in congenital heart disease using spiral SENSE with velocity unwrap
Authors: Steeden Jennifer A. , Jones Alexander , Pandya Bejal , Atkinson David , Taylor Andrew M. , Muthurangu Vivek 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuantification of peak velocity is important in the assessment of stenotic flow jets in patients with congenital heart disease. Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance underestimates peak velocities. Hence, clinically Doppler ultrasound is used as the reference standard for assessing stenoses. It is possible to accurately measure peak velocity in MR using Fourier velocity encoding (FVE). In this study, a fast, high‐resolution slice‐selective FVE sequence was developed with the use of spiral trajectories, parallel imaging, and partial Fourier in the velocity dimension and a novel velocity‐unwrap technique. The resulting sequence was acquired within a short breath‐hold (more than 15 heartbeats) making this FVE technique clinically achievable. Peak velocities were compared from Doppler ultrasound, phase‐contrast magnetic resonance, and FVE. Experiments were carried out in vitro and in vivo in 25 patients with congenital heart disease with stenoses. It was shown that in vitro and in vivo phase‐contrast magnetic resonance tended to underestimate peak velocity when compared with Doppler ultrasound, whereas FVE agreed well with Doppler ultrasound. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wrinkled and slack membranes: nonlinear 3D elasticity solutions via smooth DMS‐FEM and experiment
Authors: Sunilkumar N. , Lalmoni G. , Roy D. , Reid S. R. , Vasu R. M. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe smooth DMS‐FEM, recently proposed by the authors, is extended and applied to the geometrically nonlinear and ill‐posed problem of a deformed and wrinkled/slack membrane. A key feature of this work is that three‐dimensional nonlinear elasticity equations corresponding to linear momentum balance, without any dimensional reduction and the associated approximations, directly serve as the membrane governing equations. Domain discretization is performed with triangular prism elements and the higher order (C1 or more) interelement continuity of the shape functions ensures that the errors arising from possible jumps in the first derivatives of the conventional C0 shape functions do not propagate because the ill‐conditioned tangent stiffness matrices are iteratively inverted. The present scheme employs no regularization and exhibits little sensitivity to h‐refinement. Although the numerically computed deformed membrane profiles do show some sensitivity to initial imperfections (nonplanarity) in the membrane profile needed to initiate transverse deformations, the overall patterns of the wrinkles and the deformed shapes appear to be less so. Finally, the deformed profiles, computed through the DMS FEM‐based weak formulation, are compared with those obtained through an experiment on an ultrathin Kapton membrane, wherein wrinkles form because of the applied boundary displacement conditions. Comparisons with a reported experiment on a rectangular membrane are also provided. These exercises lend credence to the feasibility of the DMS FEM‐based numerical route to computing post‐wrinkled membrane shapes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel adaptive meshfree integration techniques in meshless methods
Authors: Racz Donat , Bui Tinh Quoc 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYWe propose two strategies of novel adaptive numerical integration based on mapping techniques for solving the complicated problems of domain integration encountered in meshfree methods. Several mapping methods are presented in detail that map a complex integration domain to much simpler ones, for example, squares, triangles or circles. The techniques described in the paper can be applied to both global and local weak forms, and the highly nonlinear meshfree integrands are evaluated with controlled accuracy. The necessity of the clumsy procedure of background mesh or cell structures used for integration purpose in existing meshfree methods is avoided, and many meshfree methods that require the domain integration can now become ‘truly meshfree’. Various numerical examples in two dimensions are considered to demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed methods and it shows that the accuracy is improved significantly. Their obtained results are compared with analytical solutions and other approaches and very good agreements are found. Additionally, some three‐dimensional cases applied by the present methods are also examined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of an uncertainty management intervention on uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients
Authors: Jiang Xiaojian , He Guoping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this controlled, randomized study we explored the effects of an uncertainty management intervention on uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatients in China. Ninety‐six COPD outpatients completed the study (n = 49 in the intervention group; n = 47 in the control group). Over the 10‐month study duration, the intervention group received a cognitive behavioral intervention. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvement in uncertainty, coping strategy, anxiety, depression, and the mental health domains of QOL after the intervention, providing the first evidence that uncertainty management can improve the emotional status and QOL of COPD outpatients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:409–418, 2012
Measuring patient–provider trust in a primary care population: Refinement of the health care relationship trust scale
Authors: Bova Carol , Route Paulette Seymour , Fennie Kristopher , Ettinger Walter , Manchester Gertrude W. , Weinstein Bruce 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAccurately measuring trust between patients and health care providers is important because low patient–provider trust can lead to poor treatment adherence and negative health outcomes. To measure patient–provider trust, we developed the Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust scale. Findings from our initial use of the scale suggested the need to examine the scale's psychometric performance in a larger sample of adults with various chronic health conditions. We therefore examined the psychometric properties of the HCR Trust Scale in a random sample of adult primary care patients. Thirteen of the original 15 items fit the data best; a single‐factor structure explained 67% of the variance in patient–provider trust. The Cronbach's alpha for the 13‐item HCR Trust Scale—Revised was .96. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:397–408, 2012
Development of degradable polymer composites from starch and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate)
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Peterson Steven C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis report describes the development of degradable polymer composites, which can be made at room temperature without special equipment. The developed composites are made from poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) and starch. Ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers are mixed with starch and the polymerization reaction of these monomers was initiated by dissociated OH‐ ions from moisture on the surface of the starch. After the polymerization, the body of starch granules acts as filler and the micrometer‐scale gaps formed by starch granules are filled with the poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). The glass transition temperature of the composite matrix ranges from 106°C to 113°C and thermal degradation begins around 160°C. The polymer composites produced by this procedure contain 50–64 wt% of starch and have compressive strengths of 80 (±10) MPa. Optimum starch composition for these composites is ∼60 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of adhesion phenomena in thermoplastic polyurethane injection molding process
Authors: Chen Jian‐Yu , Hwang Sheng‐Jye 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdhesion is a serious problem when ejecting products from mold cavities in the injection molding process. This study developed a mechanism for measuring adhesion force in injection molding process. The apparatus measured and quantified adhesion force and engineers could use the measurements to understand the effectiveness of mold release agent and different adhesion release coatings. Three different surface roughness conditions (Ra = 0.01, 0.08, and 1.20 μm) without surface coating were compared and the results showed that the smallest adhesion force would be obtained when Ra = 0.08 μm. With Ra = 0.08 μm and 0.01 μm, it was found that single‐layer CrN (chromium nitride) coating and modified CrN coating were effective in alleviating adhesion force whereas multi‐layer CrN coating was not effective. In addition, the adhesion force was proportional to the ejection speed, melting temperature, and cooling time. Because thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) behaves like a rubber‐like material and is thus different from other stiff resin after cooling, the release of adhesion of TPU is time‐dependent. Comparing the peak and integrated impulse values of the measured curve in continuous experiment, it was found that these two results were in good agreement with each other. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Barrier properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/cellulose composite membranes
Authors: Elanthikkal Silviya , Francis Tania , Unnikrishnan G. , Varghese Soney , Guthrie J.T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA)/cellulose composite membranes were prepared and their vapor permeation characteristics were studied. Two types of EVA [having vinyl acetate contents of 18% (EVA18) and of 40% (EVA40), respectively] were used for the composite fabrication. Cellulose, isolated from banana waste fibers, was used as the filler. It was observed that the EVA40 composites were more permeating than were the EVA18 composites. This observation is explained on the basis of more amorphous nature of EVA40 as compared to EVA18. The extent of vapor permeation decreased with increase in the cellulose content in the composites. The presence of voids in the polymer membranes that were designed to possess controlled behavior for the permeation was confirmed using scanning electron microscopic images to complement the observations made during the permeation studies. The influence of molecular weight, molar size, and polarity of the penetrants, on the permeation process, was also considered. The permeability of the membrane samples was calculated and the values obtained were compared with the theoretical values provided by using the modified Neilson permeability equation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solid conveying in vane extruder for polymer processing: Effects on pressure establishment
Authors: Qu Jin‐Ping , Zhang Gui‐Zhen , Chen Hui‐Zhuo , Yin Xiao‐Chun , He He‐Zhi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe pressure establishment in the solid conveying section of a vane extruder was theoretically and experimentally studied in the present article. Based on the structural and conveying characteristics of the vane extruder, a four‐plate model was developed. The effects of the device geometry (eccentricity ε and discharge port β), the polymer properties (different materials), and the operating conditions (temperature and rotating speed) on the pressure were also studied using a visual experimental device. The results showed that the experimental data were highly consistent with the theoretical data, which indicated that the theoretical model was sensible. Considering the optimization design of the device and its processing parameters, the eccentricity ε and the discharge port β of the discharge baffle should be appropriately selected, and the setting temperature of the feeding section should be set to a low value. The rotating speed of the rotor had no significant influence on the pressure establishment. In addition, the thermo‐mechanical history of the vane extruder was shorter than that of the conventional screw extruder. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Studies on compatibility of biodegradable starch/polyvinyl alcohol blends
Authors: Sreekumar P.A. , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. , De S.K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCompatibility of starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends, prepared by solution cast method, is dependent on the blend composition. Crystallinity of the blend, as measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), decreases with increase in starch content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the broadness in the peak width at the degradation region increases with increase in starch content in the starch/PVA blend. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) reveal that the broadness of the relaxation peaks is due to the partial compatibility of the glycerol plasticized starch/PVA blends. The tensile property decreases with increase in starch content and the 30/70 starch/PVA blend shows maximum ductility in respect to both the percentage of elongation and energy at break. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of single‐core and multiple‐core core‐shell nanoparticles by RAFT emulsion polymerization: Lead sulfide‐copolymer nanocomposites
Authors: Das Paramita , Claverie Jerome P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report here a simple and direct route for the preparation of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) embedded into polymeric nanospheres by emulsion polymerization. In this process, QDs are first dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a statistical oligomer constituted of five butyl acrylate and ten acrylic acid units prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a trithiocarbonate as RAFT agent. Then, the dispersion of PbS QDs is engaged into an emulsion polymerization process to form core‐shell nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of single‐core core‐shell particles at low concentration of PbS QD, whereas multiple‐core core‐shell particles containing either well separated or aggregated PbS QDs are formed at high concentration of PbS QDs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Characterization of Nano‐Porous Bentonite (Montmorillonite) Particles using FTIR and BET‐BJH Analyses
Authors: Hayati‐Ashtiani Majid 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBentonite clays find wide industrial application and rich in Montmorillonite which is nano‐structured and nano‐porous member of smectite group and the dominant constituent of a bentonite. The mineralogical and physico‐chemical properties of bentonites are studied by some instrumental analyses such as FTIR, and BET‐BJH method. The FTIR analysis is used to compare the purity of various natural montmorillonite samples, namely S1 and S2. FTIR analysis reveals the absorptions due to Al · O · Si bending (where Al is an octahedral cation) at 524 cm–1, Si · O · Si Bending at 466 cm–1, and Al · Al · OH Bending at 917 cm–1 and these absorptions in turn indicate the presence of the dominant montmorillonite. This method shows that the natural bentonites contain non‐smectite phases in both samples. BET (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller) specific surface area and PSD (Pore Size Distribution) analyses show that the external surface area of sample S2 measured by BET method (ABET) (m2/g) is higher than that in S1 (17.4 to 14.4 m2/g) but S1 is more nano‐porous than S2. At last but not least, the properties of some bentonites are studied through a combination of instrumental analyses namely FTIR, and BET specific surface area and BJH (Barret‐Johner‐Halenda) pore size distribution analyses (BET‐BJH analyses).
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a child with ataxia–telangiectasia
Authors: Rosas‐Salazar Christian , Gunawardena Sriya W. , Spahr Jonathan E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAtaxia–telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, cancer susceptibility, and radiation sensitivity. Pleural neoplasms are extremely rare in the pediatric population, even in patients with AT. We describe the case of a 16‐year‐old male with AT who developed a malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Benign or infectious lung and pleural diseases are common in those with AT. Hence, delayed diagnosis of respiratory neoplasms can occur in these patients. This report highlights the need of heightened vigilance in patients with AT with recurrent or persistent pleuropulmonary disease. To our knowledge, no other cases of MPM in children with AT have been reported. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:94–97. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.