bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase‐1B (PTP‐1B) Knockdown Improves Palmitate‐Induced Insulin Resistance in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Bakhtiyari Salar , Meshkani Reza , Taghikhani Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInsulin resistance is the central defect in type 2 diabetes and obesity. During the development of insulin resistance a lipid accumulation is accompanied by increased PTP‐1B expression in the muscle. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PTP‐1B knockdown on insulin signaling and insulin resistance in the presence or absence of palmitate in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. A stable C2C12 cell line was established using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knockdown protein expression of PTP1B. Analysis of PTP‐1B protein expression and phosphorylation and protein levels of IRS‐1 and Akt were detected by western blot. The effects of PTP‐1B knockdown on the glucose uptake was also measured in C2C12 cells. The stable C2C12 cell line harboring the PTP‐1B shRNA showed 62% decrease in the PTP‐1B protein levels. 0.5 mM palmitate significantly induced insulin resistance in both control (26%) and PTP‐1B knockdown cells (16.5%) compared to the untreated cells. Under treatment with palmitate, insulin stimulated phosphorylation of IRS‐1 (Tyr632) and Akt (Ser473) in knockdown cells was significantly 1.55‐ and 1.86‐fold, respectively, greater than the controls. In the presence of palmitate, insulin dependent glucose uptake was significantly about 3‐fold higher in PTP‐1B knockdown stable C2C12 cells compared to the control cells. Our data showed that decreasing the PTP‐1B protein level by shRNA can enhance the activity of important elements of insulin signaling. The improvement in insulin action persisted even in palmitate treated insulin resistant myotubes.
Feedback control of unstable steady states of flow past a flat plate using reduced-order estimators
Authors: AHUJA S. , ROWLEY C. W. 
Published: February 2010

We present an estimator-based control design procedure for flow control, using reduced-order models of the governing equations linearized about a possibly unstable steady state. The reduced-order models are obtained using an approximate balanced truncation method that retains the most controllable and observable modes of the system. The original method is valid only for stable linear systems, and in this paper, we present an extension to unstable linear systems. The dynamics on the unstable subspace are represented by projecting the original equations onto the global unstable eigenmodes, assumed to be small in number. A snapshot-based algorithm is developed, using approximate balanced truncation, for obtaining a reduced-order model of the dynamics on the stable subspace.The proposed algorithm is used to study feedback control of two-dimensional flow over a flat plate at a low Reynolds number and at large angles of attack, where the natural flow is vortex shedding, though there also exists an unstable steady state. For control design, we derive reduced-order models valid in the neighbourhood of this unstable steady state. The actuation is modelled as a localized body force near the trailing edge of the flat plate, and the sensors are two velocity measurements in the near wake of the plate. A reduced-order Kalman filter is developed based on these models and is shown to accurately reconstruct the flow field from the sensor measurements, and the resulting estimator-based control is shown to stabilize the unstable steady state. For small perturbations of the steady state, the model accurately predicts the response of the full simulation. Furthermore, the resulting controller is even able to suppress the stable periodic vortex shedding, where the nonlinear effects are strong, thus implying a large domain of attraction of the stabilized steady state.
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Bayazit Y A , Celenk F , Gunduz A G , Gunduz B , Ondag N , Meray J 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.Methods:Twenty-four patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (two men and 22 women) and 21 female controls were included in the study. All patients underwent vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.Results:Statistical comparison of fibromyalgia patients with control subjects showed a significant difference with respect to n23 latencies and interpeak latencies (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in p13 latencies, nor in p13 amplitudes, n23 amplitudes or interpeak amplitudes (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Although patients with fibromyalgia syndrome generally have subjective neurotological symptoms, clinical and laboratory assessments usually fail to detect any objective abnormality. However, it is possible to detect abnormalities on vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing in such patients, indicating dysfunction in the vestibulospinal pathway, possibly in the saccule. Elongation of the n23 latency and of the interpeak latency of waves p13–n23, during vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing, may be a useful, objective indicator demonstrating neurotological involvement in fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Future research investigating the mechanisms of this latency elongation may help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome.
Needlestick Injury Rates According to Different Types of Safety-Engineered Devices: Results of a French Multicenter Study
Authors: Tosini William , Ciotti Céline , Goyer Floriane , Lolom Isabelle , L'Hériteau François , Abiteboul Dominique , Pellissier Gerard , Bouvet Elisabeth 
Published: February 2010

Objectives.To evaluate the incidence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among different models of safety-engineered devices (SEDs) (automatic, semiautomatic, and manually activated safety) in healthcare settings.Design.This multicenter survey, conducted from January 2005 through December 2006, examined all prospectively documented SED-related NSIs reported by healthcare workers to their occupational medicine departments. Participating hospitals were asked retrospectively to report the types, brands, and number of SEDs purchased, in order to estimate SED-specific rates of NSI.Setting.Sixty-one hospitals in France.Results.More than 22 million SEDs were purchased during the study period, and a total of 453 SED-related NSIs were documented. The mean overall frequency of NSIs was 2.05 injuries per 100,000 SEDs purchased. Device-specific NSI rates were compared using Poisson approximation. The 95% confidence interval was used to define statistical significance. Passive (fully automatic) devices were associated with the lowest NSI incidence rate. Among active devices, those with a semiautomatic safety feature were significantly more effective than those with a manually activated toppling shield, which in turn were significantly more effective than those with a manually activated sliding shield (P < .001, x2 test). The same gradient of SED efficacy was observed when the type of healthcare procedure was taken into account.Conclusions.Passive SEDs are most effective for NSI prevention. Further studies are needed to determine whether their higher cost may be offset by savings related to fewer NSIs and to a reduced need for user training.
Subsets of migrating intestinal dendritic cells
Authors: Milling Simon , Yrlid Ulf , Cerovic Vuk , MacPherson Gordon 
Published: February 2010

Summary:Dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestine are heterogeneous. Phenotypically different populations of conventional DCs have been identified in the intestinal lamina propria, Peyer’s patches, and in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, to which these DCs constitutively migrate. Markers used to identify these populations include major histocompatibility complex class II, CD11c, CD8α, CD11b, and CD103. Extensive studies in rats, summarized here, which involved collection of migrating DCs by thoracic duct cannulation after mesenteric lymphadenectomy, have clearly demonstrated that the subsets of migrating intestinal lymph DCs have different functional properties. The subsets might play different roles in the induction of oral tolerance and in driving systemic immune responses after vaccination or intestinal stimulation with Toll‐like receptor ligands. The use of these surgical techniques allows investigation of the functions of purified subsets of migrating DCs. However, in the rat, these studies are limited by the range of available reagents and are difficult to compare with data from other species in this fast‐moving field. Recent refinements have enabled the collection of migrating intestinal DCs from mice; our initial results are described here. We believe that these studies will generate exciting data and have the potential to resolve important questions about the functions of migrating intestinal DC subsets.
Attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine strain BPZE1 modulates allergen‐induced immunity and prevents allergic pulmonary pathology in a murine model
Authors: Kavanagh H. , Noone C. , Cahill E. , English K. , Locht C. , Mahon B. P. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground
Virulent Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, exacerbates allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. A live genetically attenuated B. pertussis mucosal vaccine, BPZE1, has been developed that evokes full protection against virulent challenge in mice but the effect of this attenuated strain on the development of allergic responses is unknown.Objective
To assess the influence of attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 on OVA priming in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation.Methods
Mice were challenged with virulent or attenuated strains of B. pertussis, and sensitized to allergen (OVA) at the peak of bacterial carriage. Subsequently, airway pathology, local inflammation and OVA‐specific immunity were examined.Results
In contrast to virulent B. pertussis, live BPZE1 did not exacerbate but reduced the airway pathology associated with allergen sensitization. BPZE1 immunization before allergen sensitization did not have an adjuvant effect on allergen specific IgE but resulted in a statistically significant decrease in airway inflammation in tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. BPZE1 significantly reduced the levels of OVA‐driven IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 but induced a significant increase in IFN‐γ in response to OVA re‐stimulation.Conclusions
These data demonstrate that, unlike virulent strains, the candidate attenuated B. pertussis vaccine BPZE1 does not exacerbate allergen‐driven airway pathology. BPZE1 may represent an attractive T‐helper type 1 promoting vaccine candidate for eradication of whooping cough that is unlikely to promote atopic disease.
Sublingual grass pollen immunotherapy is associated with increases in sublingual Foxp3‐expressing cells and elevated allergen‐specific immunoglobulin G4, immunoglobulin A and serum inhibitory activity for immunoglobulin E‐facilitated allergen binding to B cells
Authors: Scadding G. W. , Shamji M. H. , Jacobson M. R. , Lee D. I. , Wilson D. , Lima M. T. , Pitkin L. , Pilette C. , Nouri‐Aria K. , Durham S. R. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground
The mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are less well understood than those of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).Objectives
To determine the effects of grass‐pollen SLIT on oral mucosal immune cells, local regulatory cytokines, serum allergen‐specific antibody subclasses and B cell IgE‐facilitated allergen binding (IgE‐FAB).Methods
Biopsies from the sublingual mucosa of up to 14 SLIT‐treated atopics, nine placebo‐treated atopics and eight normal controls were examined for myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) (CD1c), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD303), mast cells (AA1), T cells (CD3) and Foxp3 using immunofluorescence microscopy. IL‐10 and TGF‐β mRNA expression were identified by in situ hybridization. Allergen‐specific IgG and IgA subclasses and serum inhibitory activity for binding of allergen‐IgE complexes to B cells (IgE‐FAB) were measured before, during and on the completion of SLIT.Results
Foxp3+ cells were increased in the oral epithelium of SLIT‐ vs. placebo‐treated atopics (P=0.04). Greater numbers of subepithelial mDCs were present in placebo‐treated, but not in SLIT‐treated, atopics compared with normal controls (P=0.05). There were fewer subepithelial mast cells and greater epithelial T cells in SLIT‐ compared with placebo‐treated atopics (P=0.1 for both). IgG1 and IgG4 were increased following SLIT (P<0.001). Peak seasonal IgA1 and IgA2 were increased during SLIT (P<0.05). There was a time‐dependent increase in serum inhibitory activity for IgE‐FAB in SLIT‐treated atopics.Conclusions
SLIT with grass pollen extract is associated with increased Foxp3+ cells in the sublingual epithelium and systemic humoral changes as observed previously for SCIT. Cite this as: G. W. Scadding, M. H. Shamji, M. R. Jacobson, D. I. Lee, D. Wilson, M. T. Lima, L. Pitkin, C. Pilette, K. Nouri‐Aria and S. R. Durham, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 598–606.
Increase in dopa-positive melanocytes in the mouse intestine in response to ultraviolet B rays via the eyes
Authors: Hiramoto K. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Background. Irradiation by ultraviolet (UV) initiates pigmentation of skin; however, it is not known whether changes in intestinal pigmentation are also induced by UVB irradiation of the eye.
Aim. To examine the influence of UVB irradiation of the eye or ear on the pigmentation of mouse epidermis and intestine.
Methods. DBA/2 male mice were locally exposed to UVB (280–320 nm) using a 20SE sunlamp directed at the eye or ear. The irradiation was given over 3 days, at a dosage of 2.5 kJ/m2 per day. Five days after irradiation, samples were taken from the skin and intestine. Melanocytes in both epidermis and intestine were stained for dopa and expression of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). Levels of plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) were measured using ELISA.
Results. Ultraviolet B irradiation of either the eye or ear in increased the number of dopa-positive melanocytes in the skin and the intestine (jejunum and colon). Irradiation of the eye caused a much greater increase in dopa than did irradiation of the ear. Both eye and ear irradiation increased blood α-MSH level to a similar extent, but only irradiation to the eye increased MC1R expression in the intestine.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the UVB-induced pigmentation in the epidermis and the intestine is related to increased levels of α-MSH and MC1R.
Rearing environment affects development of the immune system in neonates
Authors: Inman C F , Haverson K , Konstantinov S R , Jones P H , Harris C , Smidt H , Miller B , Bailey M , Stokes C 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Early-life exposure to appropriate microbial flora drives expansion and development of an efficient immune system. Aberrant development results in increased likelihood of allergic disease or increased susceptibility to infection. Thus, factors affecting microbial colonization may also affect the direction of immune responses in later life. There is a need for a manipulable animal model of environmental influences on the development of microbiota and the immune system during early life. We assessed the effects of rearing under low- (farm, sow) and high-hygiene (isolator, milk formula) conditions on intestinal microbiota and immune development in neonatal piglets, because they can be removed from the mother in the first 24 h for rearing under controlled conditions and, due to placental structure, neither antibody nor antigen is transferred in utero. Microbiota in both groups was similar between 2 and 5 days. However, by 12–28 days, piglets reared on the mother had more diverse flora than siblings reared in isolators. Dendritic cells accumulated in the intestinal mucosa in both groups, but more rapidly in isolator piglets. Importantly, the minority of 2–5-day-old farm piglets whose microbiota resembled that of an older (12–28-day-old) pig also accumulated dendritic cells earlier than the other farm-reared piglets. Consistent with dendritic cell control of T cell function, the effects on T cells occurred at later time-points, and mucosal T cells from high-hygiene, isolator pigs made less interleukin (IL)-4 while systemic T cells made more IL-2. Neonatal piglets may be a valuable model for studies of the effects of interaction between microbiota and immune development on allergy.
Expression of p16INK4A in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): two different forms exist that independently correlate with poor prognosis
Authors: Haller Florian , Agaimy Abbas , Cameron Silke , Beyer Manori , Gunawan Bastian , Happel Nicole , Langer Claus , Ramadori Giuliano , Von Heydebreck Anja , Füzesi László 
Published: February 2010

Haller F, Agaimy A, Cameron S, Beyer M, Gunawan B, Happel N, Langer C, Ramadori G, von Heydebreck A & Füzesi L (2010) Histopathology56, 305–318 Expression of p16

INK4A

in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): two different forms exist that independently correlate with poor prognosis Aims:  To determine the prognostic impact of p16INK4A expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), which is currently being questioned, with both loss and overexpression said to be correlated with poor prognosis.Methods and results:  Two different forms of p16INK4A were identified, presenting with predominantly nuclear and cytoplasmic expression pattern, respectively. The immunohistochemical expression of the two forms and their correlation with E2F1 and prognosis were analysed in a series of 120 GISTs with clinical follow‐up. Low nuclear p16INK4A expression correlated with E2F1 up‐regulation, higher mitotic counts, and tumour progression. The prognostic value of nuclear p16INK4A expression was only marginally significant (P = 0.05). Strong expression of the cytoplasmic p16INK4A form was significantly associated with shorter disease‐free survival (P = 2 × 10−5). The prognostic impact of strong expression of the cytoplasmic p16INK4A form was independent of anatomical localization, tumour size and mitotic counts, and significant even among the cohort of tumours with high malignant potential.Conclusions:  Low expression of the nuclear p16INK4A form and strong expression of the cytoplasmic p16INK4A form both represent two independent parameters each associated with tumour progression in GISTs. Low nuclear p16INK4A expression enables E2F1 up‐regulation and consecutive accelerated cell proliferation. In contrast, strong cytoplasmic p16INK4A expression probably reflects a negative feedback loop as a result of (as yet unknown) oncogenic events.
A UK NEQAS ICC and ISH multicentre study using the Kreatech Poseidon HER2 FISH probe: intersite variation can be rigorously controlled using FISH
Authors: Bartlett John M S , Campbell Fiona M , Ibrahim Merdol , Thomas Jeremy , Wencyk Pete , Ellis Ian , Kay Elaine , Connolly Yvonne , O’Grady Anthony , Barnett Sarah , Starczynski Jane , Cunningham Paul , Miller Keith 
Published: February 2010

Bartlett J M S, Campbell F M, Ibrahim M, Thomas J, Wencyk P, Ellis I, Kay E, Connolly Y, O’Grady A, Barnett S, Starczynski J, Cunningham P & Miller K (2010) Histopathology56, 297–304 A UK NEQAS ICC and ISH multicentre study using the Kreatech Poseidon HER2 FISH probe: intersite variation can be rigorously controlled using FISH Aim:  To assess a new HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test and report on multicentre intrasite and intersite variation.Methods and results:  HER2 results were scored from 45 breast cancers in eight laboratories using the Kreatech Poseidon™HER2 FISH probe (Kreatech Diagnostics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Overall, 80.9% of cores were successfully analysed. Mean intrasite variation for HER2 ratio assessment was low (4.74%). Intersite variation in ratio was in line with previous reports (11.9 ± 0.8%) for both reference and non‐reference laboratories; only one laboratory displayed significantly higher intersite variation (P = 0.009) than the remaining seven laboratories. The overall incidence of misclassification of cores was <1.3%, demonstrating an excellent level of concordance (>98.7%) across all eight laboratories, irrespective of whether they were ‘reference’ or ‘routine diagnostic’ laboratories.Conclusions:  The Kreatech Poseidon™HER2 FISH test is robust and reproducible. Highly quantitatively reproducible FISH results were obtained from eight ‘diagnostic’ and ‘reference’ laboratories; however, continued quality assessments are essential to good performance.
Cortisone replacement therapy in endocrine disorders – quality of self‐care
Authors: Harsch Igor A. , Schuller Andrea , Hahn Eckhart G. , Hensen Johannes 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective  Some endocrine disorders make cortisone replacement therapy (CRT) mandatory. Patients need to be well informed about the therapy and to be able to adapt the dose in case of stress, trauma or surgery. It is unknown where the patients mainly get their information from and what their preferences in learning about the disease are, as well as what their ideas are on how to improve the knowledge transfer.Study design  We used an anonymized questionnaire to evaluate these objectives as well as the patients' present state of knowledge.Patients and Methods  A total of 338 patients with Addison's disease, hypopituitarism or adrenogenital syndrome (mean age 39.8 ± 21.1 years, mean duration of disease 11.4 ± 10.8 years) took part in the study.Results  Spoken information by doctors is the main source of information for the patients (89%). Apart from counselling by physicians, journals of self‐help groups (66%), brochures/guidebooks (60%) and the Internet (45%) are important sources of information. Asked for suggestions for further improvement of knowledge transfer, information available on paper is still the first choice (65%). 51.9% of the questions about CRT were answered correctly. 24% of the patients reported hospitalizations because of Addisonian crisis.Conclusion  Information transfer by doctors is the main source of information for the patients. The low patient numbers make the development of structured education programmes unlikely. Given that only the half of the answers in the ‘knowledge’ section of the questionnaire were correct, the available media could contribute to the improvement of information transfer.
Major elective joint replacement surgery: socioeconomic variations in surgical risk, postoperative morbidity and length of stay
Authors: Hollowell Jennifer , Grocott Mike P. W. , Hardy Rebecca , Haddad Fares S. , Mythen Monty G. , Raine Rosalind 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  Patient deprivation is associated with greater need for total hip and knee replacement surgery (THR/TKR) and a higher prevalence of risk factors for surgical complications. Our aim was to examine associations between deprivation and aspects of the inpatient episode for patients undergoing these procedures.Methods  We analysed socioeconomic variations in preoperative surgical risk, postoperative morbidity and length of stay for 655 patients undergoing elective THR/TKR at a large metropolitan hospital. Surgical risk was assessed using the orthopaedic version of the POSSUM scoring system, postoperative morbidity was assessed using the postoperative morbidity survey, and socioeconomic status was measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. We adjusted for age, sex, surgical site and primary vs. revision surgery.Results  We found only a modest, clinically insignificant socioeconomic gradient in preoperative surgical risk and no socioeconomic gradient in postoperative morbidity. There was a strong socioeconomic gradient in length of stay, but only for patients undergoing TKR. This was due to deprived patients being more likely to remain in hospital without morbidity following TKR.Conclusions  Our findings suggest differential selection of healthier patients for surgery. Hospitals serving deprived communities may have excess, unfunded costs because of the increased length of stay of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients.